Urine Analysis Lab Analysis Answers

Sample B indicates diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is caused by inadequate secretion of insulin from islet cells in the pancreas, which causes sugar levels to rise. People suffering from this disease will have higher blood sugar concentrations which remains in the nephrons and this is detection in their urine. This correlates with sample B result which tested positive in the Benedict’s test with +2.0% sugar levels (red to red-brown).

Sample E indicates diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is caused by the destruction of the ADH- producing cell of the hypothalamus or nerve tract leading from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. They cannot regulate water reabsorption and can void large quantities of dilute urine creating extreme thirst. Therefore a person suffering from this disease will drink large quantities of water and have very dilute urine, similar to the appearance of water.

Sample C indicates Bright’s disease. Bright’s disease is caused by an inflammation of the nephrons. Specifically the destruction of tiny blood vessels in the nephron which causes an altercation in the permeability of the nephrons. Since there is no mechanism to regulate protein re absorption, proteins remain the nephrons which draws in large quantities of urine that is eventually voided. The urine sample will appear cloudily, possibility contain visible precipitate and will test positive for albumin protein; which sample C did.

Sample D indicated an individual who has loss tremendous amounts of water while exercising. It is a concentrated dark yellow urine sample which indicated a lack of water, which would normally dilute the urea, dissolved salts, and organic compounds also found in our urine.

Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus

The primary treatment is to keep glucose levels in the blood as close to normal as safely possible. As a result of their disease, suffers of diabetes mellitus have a greater risk of heart disease and a way to control blood pressure/ cholesterol levels are essential to their treatment plan as well. Day to day care is required for this disease which includes monitoring blood glucose levels, dietary management, maintaining physical activity, keeping weight and stress under control, monitoring oral medications and, if required, insulin use via injections or pump. A change is dietary habit and an augmentation of exercise and usually the first steps toward reducing blood sugar levels.

Also People suffering from type 1 Diabetes Mellitus require multiple insulin injections on a daily basis to maintain safe insulin levels. Even with type two Diabetes Mellitus insulin is often required. An insulin pump delivers the insult through a catheter into the abdomen to maintain safe levels of insulin. If blood sugar level remain high even with when utilizing the methods stated earlier, oral medication can be provided to reduce blood sugar production.

Treatment for Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes Insipidus is usually treated with Desmopressin which is a synthetic replacement for vasopressin, the hormone that reduces urine production. This may be taken as a nasal spray several times a day, to maintain a normal urine output. However, taking too much of this medication can cause fluid retention and swelling and other problems. Sometimes diabetes insipidus can be controlled with drugs that stimulate production of antidiuretic hormone such as chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, clofibrate. Also suffers must be sure to control fluid balance and prevent dehydration as well as check their weight daily and maintain a record.

Bright’s disease is so difficult to treat because it isn’t necessarily one particular disease but a board range of kidney disorders that are characterized by the inflammation of the nephrons. For this reason, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible to correctly diagnosis the particular pathogen(s) causing the problem and treat them. Bright’s disease is often not referred to as a specific disease, but rather multiple problems with the kidney(s) that leads to certain symptoms: back pain, vomiting, fever, smokey/bloody urine. Home remedies for treating acute cases of Bright’s disease include local depletion, bathing in warm water, diuretics, and laxatives. However there is currently no successful treatment for chronic Bright’s disease; dietary modification can be helpful.