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Polymyositis

Definition

Polymyositis is a rare disease of the muscles. It usually affects the muscles closest to the trunk of the body. However, it may affect muscles anywhere in the body. The muscles become inflamed or swollen. This causes pain. The disease is progressive and starts slowly. If untreated, the muscles gradually become weaker. The pain in the muscles also increases.

Causes

Polymyositis may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that trigger an abnormal immune response.

Risk Factors

Polymyositis is more common in women, and in people aged 31-60 years old.

Symptoms

Polymyositis may cause:

Muscle weakness

Muscle pain

Fatigue

Great effort needed to climb stairs

Trouble rising from a chair

Difficulty reaching overhead

Chronic dry cough

Diagnosis

This diagnosis is not easy. Symptoms vary from person to person. It is often a matter of ruling out other diseases and conditions. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Imaging tests take pictures of internal body structures to look for muscle inflammation. This can be done with an
MRI
.

Treatment

While there is no cure, treatment can improve your muscle strength and function. Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Options include:

Medication

Medications to treat polymyositis may include:

Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

Topical steroids to treat skin rash

Immunosuppresants

IV
immunoglobulin therapy
is another treatment option. It involves using an IV needle to inject extra immunoglobins (special proteins) into the body. This process may help the immune system function better and reduce inflammation.

Physical Therapy

Your doctor may recommend that you work with a physical therapist to prevent permanent muscle damage. Exercise may include:

A regular stretching routine for weakened arms and legs

Light strengthening as the pain lessens and function returns

Dietary Changes

Polymyositis can lead to problems with chewing and swallowing. By working with a registered dietitian, you can learn ways to adjust to these changes and get the nutrition that you need.

Speech Therapy

Polymyositis may also cause speech problems. A speech therapist can assess your condition and create a program for you.

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent polymyositis.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.