It may surprise you to know that the average household net worth in the U.S. as of 2010 was $498,800.

This shows the folly of talking about averages. If you put 100 Americans (chosen at random) into a room, their average net worth is likely to be near zero, because for every person who has a little home equity built up, there’s someone else whose house is below water, and we all know the average American has very little cash in the bank. We’re not a nation of savers.

But if Bill Gates suddenly walks into that same room, everyone’s “average net worth” becomes $790 million, because Gates has a net worth of $79 billion.

So here’s a more nuanced view of what’s going on:

Wealth in the U.S. (click to enlarge).

The chart (which comes from this report) says that as of 2010, the poorest 50% of Americans owned 1.1% of the country’s wealth, while the top 10% owned 74.5% of all wealth.

From 1989 to 2010, the bottom 50% saw two-thirds of their wealth disappear (going from 3.0% to 1.1%), while the top 10% saw its share go from 67.2% to 74.5% (an increase of 10.9%). The top 1% saw its wealth go up 14.6%. Over a third of America’s wealth is concentrated in the hands of the top 1%, and that number continues to rise.

Of course, on a global basis the picture is even starker, because so much of the world is poor. Currently, the top 1% (globally) own more than 48% of all wealth in the world, and it appears inevitable that the top 1% will soon own the majority of the world’s wealth, if they don’t already.

But back to the original question: How wealthy is the United States? Here, we can talk about public sector wealth (we, the people; government wealth) or private sector wealth. Thomas Piketty presents the statistics in his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century. The bottom line is that public sector wealth is near zero because the total value of all government holdings (including all public property, government buildings, airports, railways, highways, military bases, weapons systems, etc., plus cash on hand and gold in Fort Knox) is almost exactly counterbalanced by the national debt. The only net wealth in America is privatewealth (equal to about four years of GDP), and as we’ve seen, that’s in the hands of relatively few people.