EQ How does Chinese civilization influence the development of Japan, Korea and Vietnam in the post-classical era?

2The Spread

The term used to describe this spread of Chinese culture is SINIFICATION.

Naturally, all three of these civilizations (Korea, Vietnam and Japan) are Chinas immediate neighbors and greatly emulated everything China did

For all three groups, the key force of spread of Chinese culture was Buddhism

Japan followed, though, a process of selective borrowing strictly during the 5th and 6th centuries of the Tang Dynasty

3Early Japan (Before Sinification)

Just like China, Japanese society emerged into uji (clans)

The Yamato clan grew to power in southern Honshu around 500 AD this family established Japans first and only dynasty

Shinto Japanese religion, worshiping the forces of nature expresses harmony with ones surroundings

Korea was an important bridge to Japan from mainland China

4Japan Imperial Age

3 periods Taika, Nara and Heian, took place between the 7th and 9th centuries

Japanese selective borrowing from China peaked, though Shinto beliefs would remain central to Japanese society

646 - Taika Reforms

First premise was to revamp the bureaucracy of Japan along Chinese lines, with aristocrats and intellectuals learning Chinese and Confucianism (difficult)

The common people took to Buddhism, with great awe and reverence, which distracted the efforts of establishing intellectual order

An association between Shinto spirits (kami) and Buddhist deities (even though there arent supposed to be any) emerged

5The Taika Failure

The reforms failedthe aristocracy returned to Japanese traditionsthe peasantry loved Buddhism and turned it into ZENthe emperors power slowly waned into the hands of landowners (daimyo) who had control over the peasantry

Buddhisms influence almost claimed the throne of Japanbut the emperor fled and moved the imperial court from Nara to Heian, thus abandoning the Taika reforms

The aristocracy (daimyo) began to dominate the central government, raised their own armies and began to divide Japanese land amongst themselves

6The Emperor at Heian (Kyoto)

The power of the emperor has begun to erode after the flight to Heian, though he still is a symbol of Japanese society

While at Heian, the nobility lived isolated from the rest of the people and by strict codes of behavior (but not immune from soap opera stuff)

Despite isolation, the court was active in intellectual and literary pursuitskanji was created to simplify Chinese scripthaiku was all rage

Women were expected to be as acculturated as menLady Murasaki Shikibu (the worlds first recognized female author and the Danielle Steel of her time) wrote the Tales of Genji (worlds first novel) detailing life at Heian

Although I am not sure, that he will not be coming, when the locusts shrilly call, I go to the door and wait

7Decline of Imperial Powerrise of Feudalism

By the 9th century, the pleasure loving emperor lost control to landownersThe Fujiwara clan dominated political power in Japan and married into the throne at Heian

Combined with Buddhist religious forces (yes, they owned land and were not TRULY Buddhist) the Fujiwara slowly took over power of Japan and achieved cooperation with the peasant masses already entranced by ZEN

The Fujiwara employed the use of esoteric Buddhist teachings involving magic, salvation thru prayer and meditation (cult worship) to distract peasants and the court

However, other clans/landowners (daimyo) would slowly become resistant to this Buddhist domination

8Feudal Japan (overhead) ?

Feudalism system of rule based on lords who own land, but owe military support to a greater lord (shogun)

Landowners in Feudal Japan were called daimyo

The emperor of Japan was just a figure, the shogun (supreme military commander) had the real power

Each daimyo had samurai (warriors) who followed their own code, bushido

If a samurai failed in his goals or broke the bushido code, he was expected to commit suicide (seppuku)

Japan would be plunged into a long age of civil warfighting amongst daimyo and the warrior families (Fujiwara, Minamoto, Tara, Hojo, Tachibana) supporting Heianthe Genpei wars of the late 12th C resulted in the Minamoto family winning and establishing a military government (bakufu)the ending results of these civil wars was a military dictatorship known as the Shogunate

Japan would spend the next 1000 years controlled by 3 major military Shogunates (Kamakura, Ashikaga, and Tokugawa) with most of the earlier Shogunates plagued by constant warfare

10Koreabetween China and Japan

As mentioned previously, Korea served as a bridge between China and Japan

They still managed, despite this influence, to create an independent cultural identity (descendant of nomads from Siberia and Manchuria)

They had a kingdom, Choson, that was eventually conquered by the HanKoreans fled to the North (Koguryo) and resisted the Chinese controlled south (Silla and Paekche)

Korea also began a process of adopting Chinese culture (Sinification) and Buddhism again was the key element of transferring culturethough the Koguryo did not fully adopt Chinese style rule (noble resistance)

11The Tang take Korea

Continuing political disunity amongst the 3 Korea kingdoms allowed the Tang to unify with the Silla and conquer Korea by the late 7th century (668)

The Tang received tribute from Korea and left the Silla to rule over Korea

The Korean peninsula remained an autonomous state until the 20th century when the Japanese annexed their territory

12Increased Sinificationdecline and changes

Under the Silla and Koryo dynasties (918-1392), Chinese influences were dominantTang systems of rule were copied, Chinese art and innovations were brought to Korea

The Silla modeled their imperial system after the Tangbuilt cities w/secluded parts for the imperial families and wealthy aristocrats, schools with Confucian teaching and exams, Buddhist monasteries and temples

Aristocracy dominated life in Koreaall other common people were subject to the will/control of the elite (virtual slaves, uneducated in Chinese ways, unable to become artisans or artists)

This domination caused periodic revolts from the peasantrycoupled with Mongol invasions in the 13th and 14th centuries, the power of the Silla and Koryo weakened

When the Yi family came to power in 1392, they would restore the aristocratic dominance that would last until the 20th century

13China and SE Asia The Making of Vietnam

The region of the Red River valley was home to the Nam Viet (people of the south) civilization, an already distinct culture called the southern barbarians by the early Chinese dynasties

The Qin raided the Vietnamese during their short period of existence and began a relationship with the Viet rulersthis opened a system of exchange in which the Chinese swapped silk for pearls, shells, other items from the sea and exotic woods

Eventually the Viets removed the Qin feudal rulersThey adopted the Qin feudal system and began in intermarry with Khmers, Chams and Tai peoples to solidify their power

Their language or society was not changed by early Chinese contactstrong family ties (nuclear family) in villagesViet society gave women more freedom and influence in politics, economics, etc. compared to Chinese society

14Conquest, Sinification, and Resistance

The Han dynasty secured Nam Viet as a tribute state, then conquered and governed it directly by 111 BCEChinese culture was introducedthe Han system of schooling and examination was imposed on thema scholar gentry emerged that assimilated some elements of Chinese culture

Vietnamese resistance to Han rule increased as cultures came into conflict (Han still considered Vietnam barbaric)Vietnamese began to mock Chinese teachingsaristocratic and peasant revolts erupted against further Chinese influenceWomen played a large roll in revolts as they were beginning to feel subjugated by Confucian rules (Trung sisters)as a result women continued to maintain their independence

15Vietnamese independence and expansion

By 939, Vietnam was largely independent from Chinese rule and remained that way until imperialism in the 1800s

A dynasty system emerged (Le Dynasty) that modeled its bureaucratic rule like Chinahowever, the scholar gentry never gained dominant powermuch power was held at local levels as rulers identified more with village rulers and the peasantry rather than the central authorityBuddhism also held control over the common people (similar to the early Japanese problem)

The Viet expanded southward over the centuries, successfully conquering the various peoples of Cambodia, Laos and southern Vietnam (Khmer and Cham)

The northern Vietnamese lost control over southern Vietnamese peoples as they intermarried with the Khmer and Cham peoplesregional military commanders took power and the Nguyen dynasty established a southern capital at Huethis conflict between North and South would continue through to modern day

16This Week

Tuesday Core Activity

AC, see website for copy of chart and instructions

Wednesday/Thursday DBQ Comparing Feudalism

Friday TEST, C13 Notes due

About PowerShow.com

PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. Whether your application is business, how-to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, PowerShow.com is a great resource. And, best of all, most of its cool features are free and easy to use.

You can use PowerShow.com to find and download example online PowerPoint ppt presentations on just about any topic you can imagine so you can learn how to improve your own slides and
presentations for free. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Or use it to upload your own PowerPoint slides so you can share them with your teachers, class, students, bosses, employees, customers, potential investors or the world. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. That's all free as well!

For a small fee you can get the industry's best online privacy or publicly promote your presentations and slide shows with top rankings. But aside from that it's free. We'll even convert your presentations and slide shows into the universal Flash format with all their original multimedia glory, including animation, 2D and 3D transition effects, embedded music or other audio, or even video embedded in slides. All for free. Most of the presentations and slideshows on PowerShow.com are free to view, many are even free to download. (You can choose whether to allow people to download your original PowerPoint presentations and photo slideshows for a fee or free or not at all.) Check out PowerShow.com today - for FREE. There is truly something for everyone!

presentations for free. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Or use it to upload your own PowerPoint slides so you can share them with your teachers, class, students, bosses, employees, customers, potential investors or the world. Or use it to create really cool photo slideshows - with 2D and 3D transitions, animation, and your choice of music - that you can share with your Facebook friends or Google+ circles. That's all free as well!

For a small fee you can get the industry's best online privacy or publicly promote your presentations and slide shows with top rankings. But aside from that it's free. We'll even convert your presentations and slide shows into the universal Flash format with all their original multimedia glory, including animation, 2D and 3D transition effects, embedded music or other audio, or even video embedded in slides. All for free. Most of the presentations and slideshows on PowerShow.com are free to view, many are even free to download. (You can choose whether to allow people to download your original PowerPoint presentations and photo slideshows for a fee or free or not at all.) Check out PowerShow.com today - for FREE. There is truly something for everyone!