You have forgot about protective copy of GPT table at the end of disk. I do not have very extensive knoledge in this mater but I will share what I know. Copied partition table also includes adress of this protective GPT table (now not existent on destination disk), also it should be at the end but new disk can have different size (substantialy or not) in LBA sectors. Also copy has the same GUIDs as source. I do not know what consequences it can have for tools, OSes or potential recovery process but I think (I’m not sure) your destination disk do not adhere to GPT spec. Also the back of envelop calculation of size of GPT table may be incoret in future since the size of each entry is specified in header of GPT (
I think usage of sgdisk would be better idea.