At a place in Jerusalem where sanity reigns, David Hartman fights for the soul of Israel. In a single question he connects the future of his nation to the matter that haunts modern Judaism: "How can we educate our children to imitate God's love for all his creatures and yet deny national dignity to an entire people?" To many outside Israel, the answer is self-evident: it cannot be done. Inside Israel, however, elemental passions are unleashed by Hartman's question, in part because the Bible teaches that only one son receives the paternal blessing; in part because the other son, the Palestinian,...