The Eagles are one of the world's best-selling bands of all time, having sold more than 150 million records[2]—100 million in the U.S. alone—including 42 million copies of Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) and 32 million copies of Hotel California. Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U.S.[3] They are the fifth-highest-selling music act and the highest-selling American band in U.S. history.

Following the death of Frey in January 2016, Henley stated in several interviews that he did not think the band would perform again. However, in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017.

While on the tour, Frey and Henley decided to form a band together and informed Ronstadt of their intention. Frey later credited Ronstadt with suggesting Leadon for the band, and arranging for Leadon to play for her so Frey and Henley could approach him about forming a band together, they also pitched the idea to Meisner and brought him on board.[9] These four played live together behind Ronstadt only once for a July concert at Disneyland,[4] but all four appeared on her eponymous album,[10] it was later proposed that J. D. Souther should join the band, but Meisner objected.[11] The four were signed in September 1971 to Asylum Records, the new label started by David Geffen, who was introduced to Frey by Jackson Browne.[12] Geffen bought out Frey's and Henley's contracts with Amos Records, and sent the four to Aspen, Colorado to develop as a band.[13] Having not settled on a band name yet, they performed their first show in October 1971 under the name of Teen King and the Emergencies at a club called The Gallery in Aspen.[14][15] Don Felder credited Leadon with originating the name of Eagles for the band during a peyote and tequila-influenced group outing in the Mojave Desert, when he recalled reading about the Hopis' reverence for the eagle.[16] Accounts however vary, and J.D. Souther suggested that the idea came when Frey shouted out, "Eagles!" when they saw eagles flying above.[17]Steve Martin, a friend of the band from their early days at The Troubadour, recounts in his autobiography that he suggested that they should be referred to as "the Eagles," but Frey insists that the group's name is simply "Eagles."[18] Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts initially managed the band; they were later replaced by Irving Azoff while the Eagles were recording their third album.[19]

The first hit of the Eagles, "Take It Easy." The band became noted as a harmony-singing country rock band in their early years. Here Frey sings lead vocals and Meisner on harmonies, with the rest of the band joining in later.

The group's eponymous debut album was recorded in England in February 1972 with producer Glyn Johns.[4] Johns was impressed by the harmony singing of the band,[20] and he has been credited with shaping the band into "the country-rock band with those high-flyin' harmonies."[21] Released on June 1, 1972, Eagles was a breakthrough success, yielding three Top 40 singles, the first single and lead track, "Take It Easy," was a song written by Frey with his then-neighbor and fellow country-folk rocker Jackson Browne. Browne had written the first verse of the song, but got stalled on the second verse after the line "I'm standing on a corner in Winslow, Arizona." Frey completed the verse with "It's a girl, my Lord, in a flatbed Ford, slowin' down to take a look at me," and Browne carried on to finish the song.[22] The song reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and propelled the Eagles to stardom. The single was followed by the bluesy "Witchy Woman" and the soft country rock ballad "Peaceful Easy Feeling," charting at number 9 and number 22 respectively, the group supported the album with a US tour as the opening act for Yes.

Their second album, Desperado, took Old West outlaws for its theme, drawing comparisons between their lifestyles and modern rock stars, this album was the first to showcase the group's penchant for conceptual songwriting. It was during these recording sessions Henley and Frey first began writing together, they co-wrote eight of the album's eleven songs, including "Tequila Sunrise" and "Desperado," two of the group's most popular songs. The bluegrass songs "Twenty-One," "Doolin–Dalton," and the ballad "Saturday Night" showcase guitarist Bernie Leadon's abilities on the banjo, guitar, and mandolin, the story of the notorious Wild West "Doolin–Dalton" gang is the main thematic focus of the album, as seen in the songs "Doolin–Dalton," "Desperado," "Certain Kind of Fool," Outlaw Man," and "Bitter Creek." The album was less successful than the group's first, reaching only number 41 on the US Billboard 200 and yielding two singles, "Tequila Sunrise," which reached number 61 on the Billboard Hot 100 and "Outlaw Man," which peaked at number 59. With Henley and Frey co-writing the bulk of the album—a pattern that would continue for years to come—the album marked a significant change for the band, the pair also began to dominate in terms of leadership; the early assumption had been that Leadon and Meisner as veteran musicians would have a greater influence on the band.[23]

For their next album, On the Border, Henley and Frey wanted the band to break away from the country rock style and move more towards hard rock, the Eagles initially started with Glyn Johns as the producer for this album, but he tended to emphasize the lush side of their double-edged music. After completing only two usable songs, the band turned to Bill Szymczyk to produce the rest of the album.[24][25] Szymczyk wanted a harder-edged guitarist for the song "Good Day in Hell" and the band remembered Bernie Leadon's childhood friend Don Felder, a guitarist who had jammed backstage with the band in 1972 when they opened for Yes in Boston.[26] Felder had been nicknamed "Fingers" at the jam by Frey, a name that stuck due to his guitar proficiency;[27] in January 1974, Frey called Felder to add slide guitar to the song "Good Day in Hell" and the band was so impressed that they invited him to join the group as the fifth Eagle the next day.[28] He appeared on one other song on the album, the uptempo breakup song "Already Gone," on which he performed a guitar duet with Frey. "Already Gone" was released as the first single from the album and it reached number 32 on the charts. On the Border yielded a number 1 Billboard single ("Best of My Love"), which hit the top of the charts on March 1, 1975. The song was the Eagles' first of five chart toppers,[29] the album included a cover version of the Tom Waits song "Ol' '55" and the single "James Dean," which reached number 77 on the charts.

The Eagles released their fourth studio album, One of These Nights, on June 10, 1975. A breakthrough album for the Eagles, making them international superstars, it was the first in a string of four consecutive number 1 albums, the dominant songwriting partnership of Henley and Frey continued on this album. The first single was the title track, which became their second consecutive chart topper. Frey has said it is his all-time favorite Eagles tune,[32] the second single was "Lyin' Eyes," which reached number 2 on the charts and won the band their first Grammy for "Best Pop Performance by a duo or group with vocal." The final single, "Take It to the Limit," was written by Meisner, Henley, and Frey, and it is the only Eagles single to feature Meisner on lead vocals. The song reached number 4 on the charts, the band launched a huge worldwide tour in support of the album, and the album was nominated for a Grammy award for Album of the Year. The group was featured on the cover of the September 25, 1975 issue of Rolling Stone magazine and on September 28, the band joined Linda Ronstadt, Jackson Browne, and Toots and the Maytals for a show in front of 55,000 people at Anaheim Stadium.[33]

One of These Nights was their last album to feature founding member Bernie Leadon. Leadon wrote or co-wrote three songs for the album, including "I Wish You Peace," written with girlfriend Patti Davis (daughter of California governorRonald Reagan and Nancy Reagan); and the instrumental "Journey of the Sorcerer," which would later be used as the theme music for the BBC's radio and television versions of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Leadon was disillusioned with the direction the band's music was taking and his loss of creative control as their sound was moving from his preferred country to rock and roll,[34] his dissatisfaction, principally with Frey, boiled over one night when Frey was talking animatedly about the direction they should take next, and Leadon poured a beer over Frey's head, and said: "You need to chill out, man!"[35][36] On December 20, 1975, after months of denials, it was announced that Leadon had left the band.[34]

Leadon's replacement, officially announced on December 20, 1975, was guitarist, singer, and keyboardist Joe Walsh, who had been a friend of the band for some years, he had previously performed with the James Gang, Barnstorm, and as a solo artist; he was also managed by Azoff and used Szymczyk as his record producer.[37] There was some initial concern as to Walsh's ability to fit in with the band, as he was considered too "wild" for the Eagles, especially by Henley,[37] after the departure of Leadon, the Eagles' early country sound almost completely disappeared, with the band employing a harder sound with the addition of Felder and Walsh; however, Felder also had to play banjo, pedal steel and mandolin on future tours, something that had previously been Leadon's domain.[38]

In early 1976, the band released their first compilation album, Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975). The album became the highest-selling album of the 20th century in the United States,[39] and has since sold 29 million copies in the U.S. and 42 million copies worldwide.[40][41] It stayed the biggest seller of all time until it was taken over by Michael Jackson's Thriller following the artist's death in 2009,[41] the album cemented the group's status as the most successful American band of the decade.

The following album, Hotel California, released on December 8, 1976, was the band's fifth studio album and the first to feature Walsh, the album took a year and a half to complete, a process which, along with touring, drained the band. The album's first single, "New Kid in Town," became the Eagles' third number-one single.

The second single was the title track, which topped the charts in May 1977 and became the Eagles' signature song, it features Henley on lead vocals, with a guitar duet performed by Felder and Walsh. The song was written by Felder, Henley, and Frey, with Felder writing all the music, the mysterious lyrics have been interpreted in many ways, some of them controversial. Rumors even started in certain quarters that the song was about Satanism, the rumor was dismissed by the band and later by Henley in the documentary film History of the Eagles. Henley told 60 Minutes in 2007 that "it's basically a song about the dark underbelly of the American Dream and about excess in America, which was something we knew about."[42]

With its hard rock sound, "Life in the Fast Lane" was also a major success that established Walsh's position in the band, the third and final single from Hotel California, it reached number 11 on the charts. The ballad "Wasted Time" closes the first side of the album, while an instrumental reprise of it opens the second side, the album concludes with '"The Last Resort," a song that Frey once referred to as "Henley's opus," but which Henley described as "fairly pedestrian" and "never fully realized, musically speaking."[22]

The run-out groove on side two has the words "V.O.L. Is Five-Piece Live" etched into the vinyl, which means that the instrumental track for the song "Victim of Love" was recorded live in the studio, with no overdubs. Henley confirms this in the liner notes of The Very Best Of. However, the song was a point of contention between Don Felder and the rest of the band. In the 2013 documentary, Felder claimed that he had been promised the lead vocal on "Victim of Love," for which he had written most of the music, after many unproductive attempts to record Felder's vocal, band manager Irving Azoff was delegated to take Felder out for a meal, removing him from the mix while Don Henley overdubbed his lead vocal. Hotel California appeared at number 37 on Rolling Stone's list of the best albums of all time,[43] and is the band's best-selling studio album, with more than 17 million copies sold in the U.S. alone[44] and more than 32 million copies worldwide.[45]

The album won Grammys for "Record of the Year" ("Hotel California") and "Best Arrangement for Voices" ("New Kid in Town"). Hotel California topped the charts and was nominated for Album of the Year at the 1978 Grammy Awards, but lost to Fleetwood Mac's Rumours. The huge worldwide tour in support of the album further drained the band members and strained their personal and creative relationships.

The climax of "Take It to the Limit" at a concert in 1976 (from Eagles Live). Meisner's reluctance to sing the song, in part due to concerns over not hitting the high notes, led to disputes and eventually his departure from the band.

Hotel California is the last album to feature founding member Randy Meisner, who abruptly left the band after the 1977 tour. The Eagles had been touring continuously for eleven months; the band was suffering from the strain of the tour, and Meisner's stomach ulcers had flared up by the time they arrived in Knoxville in June 1977.[46] Meisner had been struggling to hit the crucial high notes in his signature song, "Take It To the Limit," and was unwilling to perform the song, Frey and Meisner then became engaged in arguments about Meisner's reluctance to perform.[47] Meisner decided to not sing the song as an encore at the Knoxville concert because he had been up late and caught the flu.[47][48] Frey and Meisner then got into an angry physical confrontation backstage, and Meisner left the venue, after the incident, Meisner was frozen out from the band,[46] and he decided to leave the group at the end of the tour and return to Nebraska to be with his family. His last performance was in East Troy, Wisconsin on September 3, 1977,[49] the band replaced Meisner with the same musician who had succeeded him in Poco, Timothy B. Schmit, after agreeing that Schmit was the only candidate.[50]

The Eagles went into the recording studio in 1977 to begin work on their next album, The Long Run, the album took two years to complete. It was originally intended to be a double album, but the band members were unable to write enough songs. The Long Run was released on September 24, 1979. Considered a disappointment by some critics for failing to live up to Hotel California, it proved a huge commercial hit nonetheless; the album topped the charts and sold seven million copies. In addition, it included three Top 10 singles. "Heartache Tonight" became their last single to top the Hot 100, on November 10, 1979. The title track and "I Can't Tell You Why" both reached number 8, the band won their fourth Grammy for "Heartache Tonight." "In The City" by Walsh and "The Sad Cafe" became live staples. The band also recorded two Christmas songs during these sessions, "Funky New Year" and "Please Come Home for Christmas," which was released as a single in 1978 and reached number 18 on the charts.

Frey, Henley and Schmit contributed backup vocals for the single release of "Look What You've Done to Me" by Boz Scaggs. A different version with female backing vocals appears on the Urban Cowboy soundtrack, along with the Eagles' 1975 hit "Lyin' Eyes."

On July 31, 1980, in Long Beach, California, tempers boiled over into what has been described as the "Long Night at Wrong Beach."[51][52] The animosity between Felder and Frey boiled over before the show began, when Felder said, "You're welcome – I guess" to California Senator Alan Cranston's wife as the politician was thanking the band backstage for performing a benefit for his reelection.[53] Frey and Felder spent the entire show telling each other about the beating each planned to administer backstage. "Only three more songs until I kick your ass, pal," Frey recalled Felder telling him near the end of the band's set.[54] Felder recalls Frey telling him during "Best of My Love," "I'm gonna kick your ass when we get off the stage."[51][55]

It appeared to be the end of the Eagles, but the band still had a commitment with Elektra Records to make a live record from the tour. Eagles Live (released in November 1980) was mixed on opposite coasts. Frey had already left the band and would remain in Los Angeles, while the other band members each worked on their parts in Miami.[56] "We were fixing three-part harmonies courtesy of Federal Express," said producer Bill Szymczyk.[5] Frey refused to speak to the other Eagles, and he fired Irving Azoff as his manager,[56] with credits that listed five attorneys, the album's liner notes simply said, "Thank you and goodnight." A single released from the album – "Seven Bridges Road" – had been a live concert staple for the band. It was written by Steve Young in an arrangement created by Iain Matthews for his Valley Hi album in 1973. The song reached number 21 on the charts in 1980, becoming the Eagles' last Top 40 single until 1994.

After the Eagles broke up, the former members pursued solo careers. Elektra, the band's long-time record label, owned the rights to solo albums created by members of the Eagles (though several of them moved to different labels in ensuing years). Walsh had established himself as a solo artist in the 1970s, before and during his time with the Eagles, but it was uncharted waters for the others. Walsh released a successful album in 1981, There Goes the Neighborhood, but subsequent albums throughout the 1980s, such as Got Any Gum? were less well received. During this period Walsh performed as a session musician for Dan Fogelberg, Steve Winwood, John Entwistle, Richard Marx and Emerson, Lake & Palmer, among others, and produced and co-wrote Ringo Starr's Old Wave album.

Music writer turned filmmaker Cameron Crowe, an Eagles fan, had written articles about Poco and the Eagles during his journalism career; in 1982 his first screenplay was produced as the feature-length movie Fast Times at Ridgemont High. The film was co-produced by Eagles manager Azoff, who also co-produced the soundtrack album, released by Elektra. Henley, Walsh, Schmit and Felder all contributed solo songs to the film's soundtrack, the band playing at the dance toward the end of the movie covers the Eagles song "Life in the Fast Lane."

Felder also released a solo album and contributed two songs to the soundtrack of the movie Heavy Metal: "Heavy Metal (Takin' a Ride)" (with Henley and Schmit providing backing vocals) and "All of You." He also had a minor hit called "Bad Girls" off his solo album Airborne.

Schmit had a prolific solo career after the band's initial breakup, he had a hit song on the Fast Times at Ridgemont High soundtrack with "So Much in Love." He contributed vocals to the Crosby, Stills & Nash album Daylight Again on the songs "Southern Cross" and "Wasted on the Way" when that band needed an extra vocalist due to David Crosby's drug overindulgence. Schmit sang backup vocals on Toto's Toto IV album, including the song "I Won't Hold You Back" and appeared with the group on their 1982 European tour. He spent three years (1983–1985) as a member of Jimmy Buffett's Coral Reefer band and coined the term "Parrotheads" for Buffett's die-hard fans, he had a Top 40 solo hit in 1987 with "Boys' Night Out" and a top-30 Adult Contemporary hit with "Don't Give Up," both from his album Timothy B. Schmit appeared with Meisner and Walsh on Richard Marx's debut single "Don't Mean Nothing." In 1992, Schmit and Walsh toured as members of Ringo Starr's All-Starr Band and appeared on the live video from the Montreux Jazz Festival. Schmit released two solo albums, Playin' It Cool in 1984 and Tell Me the Truth in 1990, he was the only Eagle to appear on the 1993 Eagles tribute album Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles, singing backing vocals on Vince Gill's cover of "I Can't Tell You Why."

Meisner hit the top 40 three times, including the number 19 "Hearts on Fire" in 1981.

An Eagles country tribute album, titled Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles, was released in 1993, 13 years after the breakup. Travis Tritt insisted on having the Long Run-era Eagles in his video for "Take It Easy" and they agreed. Following years of public speculation, the band formally reunited the following year, the lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members—Frey, Henley, Walsh, Felder, and Schmit—supplemented by Scott Crago (drums), John Corey (keyboards, guitar, backing vocals), Timothy Drury (keyboards, guitar, backing vocals), and former Loggins and Messina sideman Al Garth (sax, violin) on stage.

"For the record, we never broke up, we just took a 14-year vacation," announced Henley at their first live performance in April 1994. The ensuing tour spawned a live album titled Hell Freezes Over (named for Henley's recurring statement that the group would get back together "when hell freezes over"), which debuted at number 1 on the Billboard album chart, it included four new studio songs, with "Get Over It" and "Love Will Keep Us Alive" both becoming Top 40 hits. The album proved as successful as the tour, selling six million copies in the U.S. The tour was interrupted in September 1994 because of Frey's serious recurrence of diverticulitis, but it resumed in 1995 and continued into 1996;[57] in 1998, the Eagles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. For the induction ceremony, all seven Eagles members (Frey, Henley, Felder, Walsh, Schmit, Leadon, and Meisner) played together for two songs, "Take It Easy" and "Hotel California." Several subsequent reunion tours followed (without Leadon or Meisner), notable for their record-setting ticket prices.[58][59]

The Eagles performed at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas on December 28 and 29, 1999, followed by a concert at the Staples Center in Los Angeles on December 31. These concerts marked the last time Felder played with the band and the shows (including a planned video release) would later form a part of a lawsuit filed by Felder against his former band mates, the concert recordings were released on CD as part of the four-disc Selected Works: 1972–1999 box set in November 2000. Along with the concert, this set included the band's hit singles, album tracks and outtakes from The Long Run sessions. Selected Works received platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2002.[60] The group resumed touring in 2001, with a line-up consisting of Frey, Henley, Walsh, and Schmit, along with Steuart Smith (guitars, mandolin, keyboards, backing vocals; essentially taking over Felder's role), Michael Thompson (keyboards, trombone), Will Hollis (keyboards, backing vocals), Scott Crago (drums, percussion), Bill Armstrong (Horns), Al Garth (sax, violin), Christian Mostert (sax), and Greg Smith (sax, percussion).

On February 6, 2001, Don Felder was fired from the Eagles, he responded by filing two lawsuits against "Eagles, Ltd.," a California corporation; Don Henley, an individual; Glenn Frey, an individual; and "Does 1–50," alleging wrongful termination, breach of implied-in-fact contract and breach of fiduciary duty, reportedly seeking $50 million in damages.[61][62] Felder alleged that from the 1994 Hell Freezes Over tour onward, Henley and Frey had .".. insisted that they each receive a higher percentage of the band's profits ...," whereas the money had previously been split in five equal portions. Felder accused them of coercing him into signing an agreement under which Henley and Frey would receive three times as much of the Selected Works: 1972–1999 proceeds.

[Henley and Frey] felt—creatively, chemistry-wise and performance-wise—that he should no longer be part of the band ... They removed him, and they had every legal right to do so, this has been happening with rock 'n' roll bands since day one.[61]

Henley and Frey then countersued Felder for breach of contract, alleging that Felder had written a "tell-all" book, Heaven and Hell: My Life in the Eagles (1974–2001). The initial U.S. release was canceled after publisher Hyperion Books backed out in September 2001, when an entire print run of the book had to be recalled for cuts and changes. The American edition was published by John Wiley & Sons on April 28, 2008, with Felder embarking on a full publicity campaign surrounding its release. The book was published in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2007.[63]

On January 23, 2002, the Los Angeles County Court consolidated the two complaints, set a trial date for September 2006,[64] and the single case was dismissed on May 8, 2007, after being settled out of court for an undisclosed amount.[64]

In 2003, the Eagles released a greatest hits album, The Very Best Of,[65] the two-disc compilation was the first that encompassed their entire career from Eagles to Hell Freezes Over. It debuted at number 3 on the Billboard charts and eventually gained triple platinum status, the album included a new single, the September 11 attacks-themed "Hole in the World." Also in 2003, Warren Zevon, a longtime Eagles friend, began work on his final album, The Wind, with the assistance of Henley, Walsh, and Schmit.

On June 14, 2005, the Eagles released a new 2-DVD set, Farewell 1 Tour-Live from Melbourne, featuring two new songs: Frey's "No More Cloudy Days" and Walsh's "One Day at a Time." A special edition 2006 release, exclusive to Walmart and affiliated stores, includes a bonus audio CD with three new songs: a studio version of "No More Cloudy Days," "Fast Company," and "Do Something."[66]

In 2007, the Eagles consisted of Frey, Henley, Walsh, and Schmit, on August 20, 2007, "How Long," written by J. D. Souther, was released as a single to radio with an accompanying online video at Yahoo! Music. It debuted on television on Country Music Television during the Top 20 Countdown on August 23, 2007, the band had performed the song as part of their live sets in the early to mid-1970s, but did not record it at the time because Souther wanted to reserve it for use on his first solo album. Souther had previously worked with the Eagles, co-writing some of their biggest hits, including "Best of My Love," "Victim of Love," "Heartache Tonight," and "New Kid in Town."

On October 30, 2007, the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden, their first album of all-new material since 1979, for the first year after the album's release, it was available in the U.S. only via the band's website, at Walmart, and at Sam's Club stores.[67] It was commercially available through traditional retail outlets in other countries, the album debuted at number 1 in the U.S.,[68] the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, and Norway. It became their third studio album and seventh release overall to be certified at least seven times platinum by the RIAA.[69] Henley told CNN that "This is probably the last Eagles album that we'll ever make."[70]

On March 20, 2008, the Eagles launched their world tour in support of Long Road Out of Eden at The O2 Arena in London, the Long Road Out of Eden Tour concluded the American portion of the tour at Rio Tinto Stadium in Sandy, Utah on May 9, 2009. It was the first concert ever held in the new soccer stadium, the tour travelled to Europe, with its final concert date on July 22, 2009, in Lisbon. The band spent the summer of 2010 touring North American stadiums with the Dixie Chicks and Keith Urban, the tour expanded to England as the headline act of the Hop Farm Festival on July 1, 2011.

Asked in November 2010 whether the Eagles were planning a follow-up to Long Road Out of Eden, Schmit replied, "My first reaction would be: no way, but I said that before the last one, so you never really know. Bands are a fragile entity and you never know what's going to happen, it took a long time to do that last album, over a span of years, really, and it took a lot out of us. We took a year off at one point. I'm not sure if we're able to do that again. I wouldn't close the door on it, but I don't know."[72] Walsh said in 2010 that there might be one more album before the band "wraps it up."[73] Frey later stated in a 2012 interview that the band has had discussions about releasing an EP of potentially 4–6 songs that may contain both original and cover material.[74]

2013–present: History of the Eagles documentary and tour, Frey's death and dissolution, and second reformation[edit]

In February 2013, the Eagles released a career-spanning documentary called History of the Eagles and began the supporting tour with 11 US arena dates from July 6 to 25.[75] Henley said that the tour, which expanded internationally and continued until July 29, 2015,[76] "could very well be our last...we're gonna include at least one former band member in this tour and kinda go back to the roots, and how we created some of these songs. We're gonna break it down to the fundamentals and then take it up to where it is now."[77] Original Eagles guitarist Bernie Leadon also appeared on the tour. Walsh stated, "Bernie’s brilliant, I never really got a chance to play with him, but we've been in contact. We see him from time to time, and I'm really glad he's coming because it's going to take the show up a notch, and I'm really looking forward to playing with him, finally."[78] Former members Randy Meisner and Don Felder did not appear.[76] Meisner had been invited but could not participate for health reasons, while Felder was never asked. Though his lawsuits against the Eagles were settled in 2007, Henley claimed that Felder continued to "engage in legal action, of one kind or another" against the band, but did not state what actions those are.[76]

Four of the Eagles (Frey, Henley, Walsh, and Schmit) were slated to receive Kennedy Center Honors in 2015, but this was deferred to 2016 due to Frey's medical problems.[79]

At the 58th Annual Grammy Awards in February, the Eagles, joined by Leadon, touring guitarist Steuart Smith, and co-writer Jackson Browne, performed "Take It Easy" in honor of Frey.[83] In subsequent interviews, Henley stated that he didn't think the band would perform again.[84][85] However, in March 2017, it was announced that the band would be headlining the Classic West and Classic East concert events in July 2017, which were organized by their manager Irving Azoff.[86] Don Henley confirmed on May 16, 2017 that Glenn Frey's son Deacon would be performing in Glenn's place, along with another "surprise musician."[87] It was subsequently announced that Vince Gill would perform with the Eagles at the July concerts,[88] at the Classic West concert on July 15, the band was joined by Bob Seger who sang "Heartache Tonight", which he co-wrote. Deacon Frey was noted for his composure and precision.[89]

Influenced by 1960s rhythm and blues, soul, bluegrass, and rock bands such as the Byrds and Buffalo Springfield,[90] the Eagles' overall sound has been described as "California rock."[91] In the words of Sal Manna, author of the CD liner notes of the band's 1994 album Hell Freezes Over, "no one knew quite what 'California rock' meant – except perhaps that, because in California anything was possible, music that came from that promising land was more free-spirited and free-ranging."[92]Rolling Stone described the Eagles' sound as "country-tinged vocal harmonies with hard rock guitars and lyrics."

The group was chosen for the 2015 Kennedy Center Honors to be held on December 6 of that year, but postponed the award for a year because of Glenn Frey's poor health.[79] Frey died a month later.[80][81]

^The Very Best Of (CD). Eagles. Warner Music Group. 2003. R2 73971. We made a quantum leap with 'One Of These Nights.' It was a breakthrough song. It is my favorite Eagles record. If I ever had to pick one, it wouldn't be 'Hotel California'; it wouldn't be 'Take It Easy.' For me, it would be 'One Of These Nights.'

^Smith, Chris (2006). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History: From Arenas to the Underground, 1974–1980. Greenwood Press. p. 88. ISBN0-313-32937-0. As a result, soft-rock acts like the Eagles, the Bee Gees, Fleetwood Mac, and Elton John became some of the most popular musical artists of the decade.

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Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis

2.
Geffen Records
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Geffen Records is an American major record label, owned by Universal Music Group, which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A&M Records label. On March 23,2017, Billboard. com announced the label was relaunching with longtime A&R Neil Jacobson as President, Geffen Records was started in 1980 by music industry businessman David Geffen who, in the early 1970s, had founded Asylum Records. Geffen stepped down from Asylum in 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named a vice-president of Warner Bros and he was fired from Warner circa 1978, but remained locked in a 5-year contract, which prevented him from working elsewhere. He returned to work in 1980 and struck a deal with Warner Bros. Records to create Geffen Records, profits were split 50/50 between Geffen and the respective distributors. Geffen Records first artist was disco superstar Donna Summer, whose gold-selling album The Wanderer became the labels first release in 1980, the label followed it up with Double Fantasy by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. It was Lennons first new album since 1975, two weeks after it entered the charts, Lennon was murdered in New York City. As the 1980s progressed, Geffen would go on to have success with acts as Kylie Minogue, Enya, Quarterflash, Oxo, Asia, Wang Chung. This prompted Geffen to create a label, DGC Records in 1990. Geffen also distributed the first incarnation of Def American Recordings through Warner Bros. from 1988 to 1990, after a decade of operating through Warner, when its contract with the company expired, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment in 1990. The deal ultimately earned David Geffen an estimated US$800 million in stock, following the sale, Geffen Records operated as one of MCAs leading independently managed labels. Geffen Records would distribute releases on the new operations DreamWorks Records subsidiary, Universal Music Group acquired PolyGram in 1999, resulting in a corporate reorganization of labels. Geffen Records, along with A&M Records, was merged into Interscope Records. Although Geffen would continue to exist as a brand, it was downsized to fit into the expansion of Interscope. At the same time, international distribution of Interscope and Geffen releases switched to ex-PolyGram label Polydor Records, meanwhile, DreamWorks Records also folded, with artists such as Nelly Furtado, Lifehouse and Rufus Wainwright being absorbed by Geffen as well. During this time, DGC Records was also folded into Geffen, at the end of 2007, however, Geffen was absorbed further into Interscope, laying off sixty employees. In 2009, it was announced that Geffen Records had signed an agreement with the Holy See to produce an album of Marian songs, jimmy Iovine relaunched the Geffen imprint in 2011, moving its headquarters from California to New York City

Geffen Records
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Geffen Records

3.
Linda Ronstadt
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Linda Maria Ronstadt is an American popular music singer. She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award and she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014. On July 28,2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts, in total, she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums. Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles, with 21 reaching the top 40,10 in the top 10 and this success did not translate to the UK, with only her single Blue Bayou reaching the UK Top 40. Her duet with Aaron Neville, Dont Know Much, peaked at number 2 in December 1989, in addition, she has charted 36 albums,10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart. Her autobiography, Simple Dreams, A Musical Memoir, was published in September 2013 and it debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list. She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has more than 100 million records. Christopher Loudon, of Jazz Times, wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation, after completing her last live concert in late 2009, Ronstadt retired in 2011. She was diagnosed as having Parkinsons disease in December 2012, which left her unable to sing. Linda Maria Ronstadt was born in 1946 in Tucson, Arizona, daughter to Gilbert Ronstadt, a prosperous merchant who ran the F. Ronstadt Co. and Ruth Mary Ronstadt. Ronstadt was raised on the familys 10-acre ranch with her siblings Peter, Michael J. the family was featured in Family Circle magazine in 1953. Lindas father came from a pioneering Arizona ranching family and was of German, English, the familys influence on and contributions to Arizonas history, including wagon making, commerce, pharmacies, and music, are chronicled in the library of the University of Arizona. Her mother Ruth Mary, of German, English, and Dutch ancestry, was raised in Flint and she was a daughter of Lloyd Groff Copeman, a prolific inventor and holder of many patents. Copeman, with nearly 700 patents to his name, invented a form of the toaster, many refrigerator devices, the grease gun, the first electric stove. His flexible rubber ice cube tray earned him millions of dollars in royalties, later, as a solo artist, she released Hand Sown. Home Grown in 1969, which has described as the first alternative country record by a female recording artist. With the release of chart-topping albums such as Heart Like a Wheel, Simple Dreams and she set records as one of the top-grossing concert artists of the decade. Referred to as the First Lady of Rock and the Queen of Rock and her rock-and-roll image was as famous as her music, she appeared six times on the cover of Rolling Stone and on the covers of Newsweek and Time

4.
Jackson Browne
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Clyde Jackson Browne is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who has sold over 18 million albums in the United States. In 2004, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, as well as bestowed an Honorary Doctorate of Music by Occidental College in Los Angeles, California. Browne was born in Heidelberg, Germany, where his father Clyde Jack Browne, Brownes mother, Beatrice Amanda, was a Minnesota native of Norwegian ancestry. Roberta Berbie Browne was born in 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany and his younger sister, Gracie Browne, was born a number of years later. At the age of three Browne and his moved to his grandfathers famous house, Abbey San Encino in the Highland Park district of Los Angeles. In his teens he began singing songs in local venues such as the Ash Grove. He attended Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, California, graduating in 1966, after graduating in 1966, Browne joined the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, performing at the Golden Bear where they opened for The Lovin Spoonful. The band later recorded a number of Brownes songs, including These Days, Holding and he also spent a short time in his friend Pamela Pollands band, Gentle Soul. He reported on events in New York City with his friends Greg Copeland. He spent the remainder of 1967 and 1968 in Greenwich Village, in 1967, Browne and Nico were romantically linked and he became a significant contributor to her debut album, Chelsea Girl, writing and playing guitar on several of the songs. In 1968, following his breakup with Nico, Browne returned to Los Angeles, where he formed a band with Ned Doheny and Jack Wilce. Browne did not release his own versions of early songs until years later. Soon after this, Rolling Stone mentioned Browne as a new face to look for, Rock Me on the Water, from the same album, also gained considerable radio airplay, while Jamaica Say You Will and Song for Adam helped establish Brownes reputation. Touring to promote the album, he shared the bill with Linda Ronstadt and his next album, For Everyman – while considered of high quality – was less successful than his debut album, although it still sold a million copies. The upbeat Take It Easy, cowritten with Eagles Glenn Frey, had already been a success for that group. Late for the Sky consolidated Brownes fan base, and the peaked at #14 on the Billboard album chart. Brownes work began to demonstrate a reputation for memorable melody, insightful, often very personal lyrics, highlights included the title song, the elegiac For a Dancer, Before the Deluge, and Fountain of Sorrow. The arrangements featured the violin and guitar of David Lindley, Jai Windings piano, the title track was also featured in Martin Scorseses film Taxi Driver

5.
Poco (band)
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Poco is a Southern California country rock band originally formed by Richie Furay, Jim Messina and Rusty Young. Formed following the demise of Buffalo Springfield in 1968, Poco was part of the first wave of the West Coast country rock genre, the title of their first album, Pickin Up the Pieces, is a reference to the break-up of Buffalo Springfield. Throughout the years Poco has performed in various groupings, and is still active, during recording of Buffalo Springfields third and final album, Last Time Around, lead singers Stephen Stills, Neil Young and Richie Furay each recorded songs without the other members present. One of Furays solo efforts was the country-influenced ballad Kind Woman, when Buffalo Springfield split up, Furay, Messina and Rusty Young decided to start their own group oriented toward such songs. Its original lineup was Furay, Messina, Rusty Young, George Grantham, the group was signed to a recording contract with Epic Records, which acquired the rights to Furay from the Springfields Atlantic Records label in return for those to Graham Nash of The Hollies. Originally, the new group was named Pogo, after the Pogo comic strip character and their first album, Pickin Up the Pieces, is considered a seminal album of the country rock genre. However, the album performed weakly, peaking at No.63 on Billboard album chart, the bands lineup proved to be a problem throughout its career. During the recording of the album, Meisner left the group as a result of a conflict with Furay. After a stint playing with Ricky Nelsons Stone Canyon Band, Meisner later became a member of the Eagles. Messina briefly took over on bass until Timothy B, Schmit joined the band in September 1969. Their second studio album Poco again resulted in low sales, peaking at No.58, the bands next album, Deliverin, picked up moderate airplay, Furays Cmon hitting No.69. Deliverin’ became Pocos first album to reach the Top 40 on the Billboard 200, Messina chose to leave the band in October 1970, feeling Furay exhibited too much control over the groups sound and left the band to return to studio production. At the recommendation of Peter Cetera of Chicago, Messina selected guitarist/singer Paul Cotton, the realigned Poco, now on its third lineup on just its fourth album, hired Steve Cropper as producer and released From the Inside. Again, poor sales were the result as the release landed at No.52, the band and its management were dissatisfied with Croppers production and hired Jack Richardson, who oversaw the next three albums, beginning with A Good Feelin to Know. The band built the LP around the track, a popular concert tune. The album itself peaked at No.69, as a result, Furay became increasingly discouraged with Pocos prospects, especially since ex-bandmates Stills, Young, Meisner and Messina were so successful with their respective groups. In an April 26,1973 Rolling Stone magazine interview with Cameron Crowe he vented that Poco was still an act and had not increased its audience. The next album, Crazy Eyes, reached No.38 but Furay departed at its release and joined with J. D. Souther, Poco decided not to replace Furay and continued as a quartet

6.
Randy Meisner
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Randy Herman Meisner is an American former musician, singer and songwriter best known as a founding member of Poco and the Eagles. Throughout his professional career, Meisners main role was that of bassist. He is best known for the Eagles hit song Take It to the Limit, Randy Herman Meisner was born in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, the second child and only son of sharecroppers Herman and Emilie Meisner. Randy had a sister named Carol and he recalled his mother was always singing around the house. Her father George Haun was a violin teacher, both Randys maternal and paternal grandparents were born in Russia though the Meisner and Haun families are of German ancestry. The Meisner family grew beans, alfalfa, corn and sugar beets on their farm, Randy developed an interest in the guitar at ten years old, after seeing Elvis Presley perform on the Ed Sullivan Show. He began taking lessons and playing in local bands, while attending Scottsbluff High School, one of Randys teachers suggested he take up the bass. I loved R&B and the players on the Motown stuff were great. Once I learn a part its there and my bass playing came real naturally. Randy Meisner played bass and sang with a band named The Dynamics from 1961 to 1965. Their first paying job was in the hall at Little Moon Lake, near Henry. They played there regularly through 1962, in late 1962, The Drivin Dynamics released their first record, a 4-song EP with Meisner singing lead vocals on Sam Cookes You Send Me. It was pressed locally with only 500 copies released, in August 1965, The Dynamics signed a record deal with Sully Records out of Amarillo, Texas. They recorded three songs, with Randy singing lead on two, One Of These Days and So Fine, so Fine was released as a single and sold well regionally and in the southeastern U. S. Early in 1966, Randy moved to California with a band named The Soul Survivors and it was a hardscrabble existence, as Meisner later recalled, I never had a car, I had to walk. I sold the Los Angeles Free Press on Sunset and Highland, I made about five bucks a day. The Poor was managed by Charlie Greene and Brian Stone, who also managed Buffalo Springfield, the band released several singles on Loma, York and Decca Records in 1966 and 1967, with limited success. Loma Records was a subsidiary of Warner Bros. and had offices in the same building, in February 1967, The Poor recorded Shes Got the Time, Shes Got the Changes, written by Tom Shipley while he was a staff writer for A&M Records

7.
Don Felder
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Donald William Don Felder is an American musician and songwriter, best known for his work as a lead guitarist for the Eagles from 1974 until his dismissal in 2001. Don Felder was born in Gainesville, Florida on September 21,1947, from his paternal side he has German ancestry. He was raised in a Southern Baptist family, Felder was first attracted to music after watching Elvis Presley live on The Ed Sullivan Show. He acquired his first guitar when he was ten years old. A self-taught musician, he was influenced by rock and roll. At the age of fifteen he started his first band, The Continentals, around that time, he met Bernie Leadon, who later became one of the founding members of the Eagles. Leadon replaced Stills in The Continentals, which changed its name to the Maundy Quintet. Felder and Leadon both attended Gainesville High School in Gainesville, Florida, in the 1967 Gainesville High School yearbook, the Maundy Quintet is pictured next to another Gainesville High student and his early band, Tom Petty and The Epics. Felder gave Petty guitar lessons at a music shop for about 18 months. The Maundy Quintet recorded and released a 45 rpm single on the Tampa-based Paris Tower label in 1967, after The Maundy Quintet broke up, Felder went to Manhattan, New York City with a band called Flow, which released a self-titled improvisational rock fusion album in 1970. The 1970 Flow album has the distinction of being among the very first issued on the newly independent CTI Records label, while in New York, Felder improved his mastery of improvisation on the guitar and learned various styles. After Flow broke up, Felder moved to Boston, where he got a job in a recording studio, there, through his friendship with Leadon, he met the rest of the Eagles in 1972 while they were on their first tour. In 1973, Felder moved to Los Angeles where he was hired as player for a tour by David Blue. He helped Blue put together a tour, during which they opened at a few Crosby and Nash shows in November 1973, once again, Felder replaced Lindley, this time in Crosby & Nashs band when Lindley fell ill. He would also jam from time to time with the Eagles in their rehearsal space, in 1974 he featured on the Michael Dinner album The Great Pretender. In early January 1974, Felder was called by the Eagles to add guitar to their song Good Day in Hell. The following day he was invited to join the band, the band started moving away from their initial country rock style in the direction of rock. On the bands album, One of These Nights, Felder sang lead vocal on the song Visions, which he co-wrote with Don Henley

Don Felder
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Don Felder with his signature double-neck guitar

8.
Hotel California (Eagles album)
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Hotel California is the fifth studio album by American rock band the Eagles, and is one of the best-selling albums of all time. Three singles were released from the album, each reaching high in the Billboard Hot 100, New Kid in Town, Hotel California, and Life in the Fast Lane. The album became the bands best-selling album after Their Greatest Hits, with over 16 million copies sold in the U. S. alone, the album was ranked number 37 on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. The album was recorded by Bill Szymczyk at the Criteria and Record Plant studios between March and October 1976, and then released on Asylum in December. It was their first album with guitarist Joe Walsh, who had replaced founding member Bernie Leadon and it is their sixth album, and fifth of new material. The front cover is a photograph of the Beverly Hills Hotel by David Alexander, the album topped the charts and won the band two Grammy Awards for Hotel California and New Kid in Town. The album was nominated for Album of the Year but lost to Fleetwood Macs Rumours, the first song written for the album was Hotel California, which became the theme for the album. I mean were putting junk, er, garbage into space now, the album was recorded between March and October 1976 at Criteria Studios, Miami, FL and Record Plant Studios, Los Angeles, CA, and produced by Bill Szymczyk. While the band were recording the album, Black Sabbath were recording Technical Ecstasy in an adjacent studio at Criteria Studios in Miami, the band were forced to stop recording on numerous occasions because Black Sabbath were too loud and the sound was coming through the wall. According to Henley in a 1982 interview, the Eagles probably peaked on Hotel California, Henley said, After that, we started growing apart as collaborators and as friends. The front cover artwork is a photograph of the Beverly Hills Hotel by David Alexander with design, the rear album cover was shot in the lobby of the Lido Hotel in Hollywood. The album was released by Asylum Records on December 8,1976 in vinyl, cassette and it was considered for quadraphonic release in early 1977, but this idea was dropped following the demise of the quadraphonic format. On the albums 25 anniversary in 2001, it was released in a Multichannel 5.1 DVD-Audio disc. On August 17,2011, the album was released on a hybrid SACD in Japan in The Warner Premium Sound series, original vinyl pressings of Hotel California had custom picture labels of a blue Hotel California logo with a yellow background. These also had text engraved in the groove of each side. The text reads, Side one, Is It 6 OClock Yet, is Five-Piece Live, indicating that the song Victim of Love was recorded live, with no overdubbing. Joe Walsh and Glenn Frey confirm this on the booklet of The Very Best Of. This only referred to the track, however, vocals were added later

Hotel California (Eagles album)
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Hotel California

9.
Recording Industry Association of America
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children

10.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors

11.
List of best-selling music artists
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This list includes music artists with claims of 75 million or more record sales. If two or more artists have the same claimed sales, they are ranked by certified units. Sales figures, such as those from Soundscan, which are published by Billboard magazine, have not been included in the certified units column. As of 2017, based on sales claims and certified units, The Beatles are considered the highest-selling band. Elvis Presley is considered the individual artist based on sales claims. All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units, the certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies, the certified sales percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts. The requirements of certified sales are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, the claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the used, say the term records. However, if all sources for an artist or band say albums. The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists certified sales, in other words, the available certified sales for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones. The certified sales of the artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold, for this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units.4 million downloads. The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles, markets order within the table is based on Retail Value, each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom. The column for certified sales above includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000, the figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles and videos. Markets order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top, the column for certified sales above includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more. The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles, markets order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom. The column for certified sales above includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000, the figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles and videos

12.
Eagles (album)
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Eagles is the debut studio album by the rock band the Eagles. The album was recorded at Londons Olympic Studios with producer Glyn Johns, the album was an immediate success for the young band reaching No.22 on the charts and going platinum. Three singles were released from the album, each reaching the Top 40, Take It Easy, Witchy Woman, the band, starting with this album, played a major role in popularizing the country rock sound. The album was ranked number 368 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 greatest albums of all published in 2012. The single Take It Easy is part of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and this album was slated for Quadraphonic release and even given a Quadraphonic catalog number but it was never released in that format. In 1971, the band had just been formed and signed by David Geffen, who then sent them to Aspen, Colorado, to develop as a band. For their first album, Glyn Johns was chosen as the producer by Glenn Frey, as Johns had produced a number of albums they liked, by bands such as The Rolling Stones, The Who. Johns was invited by Geffen to see the band perform at a club called Tulagi in Boulder, Colorado, Johns was impressed by their harmony singing, and later said, There it was, the sound. Extraordinary blend of voices, wonderful harmony sound, just stunning, Johns emphasized the vocal blend of the band and has been credited with shaping the band into the country-rock band with those high-flyin harmonies. The band went to London where they spent two weeks recording the album at the Olympic Studios, the album cost $125,000 to produce. Johns tried to introduce a more sound in the recording. Frey later admitted, He was the key to our success in a lot of ways, as a result, there were frequent disagreements over the sound of the band between the producer and Frey and Don Henley during the making of the album. Frey and Henley wanted a rock and roll sound, while Johns was interested in using Bernie Leadons banjo. On Take It Easy, Johns got Leadon to play double-time banjo on the song, three of the songs recorded in London feature Frey on lead vocals, another three with Meisner and two with Leadon. The chirping sound at the start of the song by Leadon and Meisner, originally, Henley only had one song on the album, namely Witchy Woman. Johns had previously recorded a few takes of the song in London, even though Johns judged this recording unsatisfactory, it was included in the album. Album cover artist Gary Burden with photography by Henry Diltz were responsible for the album artwork, in the documentary History of the Eagles, Glenn Frey revealed that the band were all on peyote when the pictures for the album cover were shot in Joshua Tree National Park. Robert Christgau felt that the band wrote songs, but he was unsure about the authenticity of their country roots so what they produced was suave and synthetic--brilliant

Eagles (album)
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Eagles

13.
Witchy Woman
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Witchy Woman is a song written by Don Henley and Bernie Leadon, and recorded by the American rock band Eagles. Released as the single from the bands debut album Eagles. The guitarist Bernie Leadon first started writing Witchy Woman while he was a member of the Flying Burrito Brothers. After joining the Eagles, Leadon and Don Henley then finished the song together, the song was conceived while Don Henley was living in an old house near the Hollywood Bowl, with his flat mate, Henry Vine. It had a quality, and I thought it was interesting. Henley also gave the song an R&B pulse in its music, zelda, the muse behind her husband F. According to Henley, other influences for the song include books by Carlos Castaneda on shamanism, the song is the first commercially successful song written by Don Henley, reaching No.9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Henley said of the song, An important song for me, Witchy Woman is one of the earliest songs written by the Eagles, and together with Take It Easy it was also one of the very few songs the band performed every night in its early days. The song, along with Desperado, was used and referred to in an episode of the sitcom Seinfeld. In an episode of Dharma and Greg from the first season, Abbey, Dharmas mother, the song was used in a 2005 episode of the series Cold Case titled In the Woods. It is also used in the movie Americas Sweethearts to depict Catherine Zeta-Jones character as she is getting out of a limousine. Don Henley, lead vocals, drums Glenn Frey, backing vocals, lead guitar Bernie Leadon, backing vocals, rhythm guitar Randy Meisner, bass guitar, backing vocals Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

Witchy Woman
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"Witchy Woman"

14.
Tequila Sunrise (song)
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Tequila Sunrise is a 1973 song written by Don Henley and Glenn Frey, and recorded by the Eagles. It was the first single from the second album Desperado. The song peaked at number 64 on the Billboard Hot 100, a cover version was recorded by country music singer Alan Jackson on the 1993 tribute album Common Thread, The Songs of the Eagles. It peaked at number 64 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, Glenn Frey and Don Henley did not write songs together for their debut album Eagles, and they decided that they should collaborate after they had finished recording the debut album. According to Frey, he was lying on a playing the guitar. He showed Henley the guitar riff and said, Maybe we should write something to this, the title refers to a cocktail named Tequila Sunrise that was then popular. In the liner notes of 2003s The Very Best Of, Henley had this to say about the song, I believe that was a Glenn title. I think he was ambivalent about it because he thought that it was a bit too obvious or too much of a cliché because of the drink that was so popular then, I said, No-Look at it from a different point of view. Youve been drinking straight tequila all night and the sun is coming up and it turned out to be a really great song. According to Glenn Frey, the song was written in the week as Desperado and was finished fairly quickly. Henley said that Frey came up with changes for the bridge, and he said, We very much wanted to talk to the ladies, but we often didn’t have the nerve, so we’d drink a couple of shots and suddenly it was, Howdy, ma’am

Tequila Sunrise (song)
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"Tequila Sunrise"

15.
One of These Nights
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One of These Nights is the fourth studio album by the Eagles, released in 1975. The record would become the Eagles first number one album on Billboards album chart in July that year and its title song is the groups second number one single on the Billboard Hot 100. The album sold four million copies and was nominated for Grammy Album of the Year, a single from the album, Lyin Eyes, was also nominated for Record of the Year, and won the Eagles first Grammy for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. One of These Nights is the last Eagles album to feature guitarist Bernie Leadon, Leadon left the band after the One Of These Nights tour. The seventh track, Visions, is the only Eagles song on lead guitarist Don Felder sang the lead vocals, despite his desire to write. The album was the commercial breakthrough, transforming them into international superstars. They went on a tour to promote the album. The Eagles began working on their album in late 1974. Glenn Frey and Don Henley wrote four of the nine songs by themselves, and they also collaborated with other members of the band on three other songs. Many of the songs were written while Frey and Henley were sharing a house in Beverly Hills, including One of These Nights, Lyin Eyes, Take It To The Limit and After The Thrill Is Gone. He added, We thought, Well, how can we write something with that flavor, with kind of beat. Frey said that One Of These Nights was the most fluid and painless album ever made, however, Leadon was becoming increasingly unhappy during the making of the album. He wrote three of the nine songs, none of which was released as a single. He was unhappy with the rock direction of the band that Frey preferred. Leadon would leave the band in late 1975, after the album was released, Frey also began to sing less as a lead singer starting with this album, singing solo lead on only one song and sharing lead vocals with Henley on another. Henley later said, was generous in that respect, if I began to do more than he did, it was because if someone had a strong suit he would play that card. You sing this, you sing it better, that kind of thing, randy Meisner sings lead on two songs, one of which, Take it to the Limit, a composition he co-wrote with Frey and Henley, was released as the third single from the album. It is the only Eagles single on which Meisner sings lead, the cover for the album is an image of an artwork by Boyd Elder, also known as El Chingadero

One of These Nights
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One of These Nights

16.
The Long Run (album)
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The Long Run is the sixth studio album by American rock group the Eagles. It was released in 1979, on Asylum in the United States and this was the first Eagles album to feature Timothy B. Schmit, who had replaced founding member Randy Meisner and this was the bands final studio album for Asylum Records. When released in September 1979, The Long Run debuted at No.2 on Billboards Pop Albums chart and it was their last No.1 album of the 1970s, and stood for eight weeks in the No.1 slot. The Long Run was first certified Platinum by the RIAA on February 1,1980 and it has sold more than eight million copies in the US. The album generated three Top 10 singles, Heartache Tonight, the title cut, and I Cant Tell You Why. 1, No.8 and No.8 respectively, the band also won a Grammy Award for Heartache Tonight. Also featured on the record was In the City, a song first recorded by their guitarist Joe Walsh for the soundtrack for The Warriors. If these were the keepers, what could the rejects have sounded like, the Long Run –3,42 Lead vocals by Don Henley, organ by Don Felder, slide guitar by Joe Walsh I Cant Tell You Why –4,56 Lead vocal by Timothy B

The Long Run (album)
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The Long Run

17.
Heartache Tonight
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Heartache Tonight is a song written by Don Henley, Glenn Frey, Bob Seger and J. D. Souther, and recorded by the Eagles. The track was included on their album The Long Run and released as a single in 1979 and it reached #1 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 in November of that year. Although it remained in the top position for one week. It was the Eagles final chart-topping song on the Hot 100, the recording also received a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The song originated from a jam session between Glenn Frey and J. D. Souther who would visit Freys home in Los Angeles whenever he was in town on tour. Frey and Souther wrote the first verse while listening to Sam Cooke songs, in the heat of jamming, Frey called Seger on the phone and sang him the verse. Seger then blurted out the chorus, Don and I finished that song up. No heavy lyrics-the song is more of a romp-and thats what it was intended to be, the song was covered by country music singer John Anderson on the tribute album Common Thread, The Songs of the Eagles and was also covered by Michael Bublé on his album Crazy Love. Glenn Frey, lead vocals, rhythm guitar, handclapping Don Henley, drums, backing vocals Joe Walsh, slide guitar Don Felder, rhythm guitar Timothy B. Schmit, bass guitar, backing vocals Bob Seger, backing vocals The Haim sisters use the riff from Heartache Tonight at the beginning of their hit The Wire from 2013, Heartache Tonight was revived four years later in a cover version by country music artist Conway Twitty. Released as the single from his Lost in the Feeling album. Twittys version featured the Osmond Brothers on backing vocals, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

Heartache Tonight
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"Heartache Tonight"

18.
The Long Run (song)
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The Long Run is a song written by Don Henley and Glenn Frey and recorded by the Eagles. The sound of the song is viewed as a tribute to the Stax / Memphis rhythm and it was the title track of their album The Long Run and was released as a single in November 1979. It reached No.8 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 in early 1980, the song was featured on the TV show WKRP in Cincinnati on the episode The Doctors Daughter. Specifically, Dr. Johnny Fever decides to air the recording and his programming director, Andy Travis is hysterical with delight that his popular DJ is playing a hit record for once. Don Henley, lead vocals, drums Glenn Frey, rhythm guitar, backing vocals Joe Walsh, slide guitar, backing vocals Don Felder, slide guitar, Hammond organ, backing vocals Timothy B. Schmit, bass guitar, backing vocals American band Reel Big Fish recorded their own rendition of the song for their 2009 album Fame, Fortune and Fornication

The Long Run (song)
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"The Long Run"

19.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The former Annex in Soho in New York City (now closed)
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (left) sits on the Lake Erie shore next to the Great Lakes Science Center (right) in Cleveland's North Coast Harbor.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, showing Lake Erie in the foreground

20.
Long Road Out of Eden
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Long Road Out of Eden is the seventh and final studio album by American rock band the Eagles, released in 2007 on Lost Highway Records. Nearly six years in production, it is the bands first studio album since 1979s The Long Run and it is also the bands only album released following the dismissal of Don Felder in 2001. The album produced five straight hits on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts with How Long, Busy Being Fabulous, No More Cloudy Days, What Do I Do With My Heart, and I Dont Want to Hear Anymore. The album debuted at #1 in the U. S. the album became the bands sixth #1 album and was the highest selling album of the year. It has since sold 3.5 million copies in the U. S. alone, being a double album with length exceeding 90 minutes, the album was certified 7x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 3.5 million discs. On August 20,2007, the song How Long, written by J. D, music and debuted on television on CMT during the Top 20 Countdown on August 23,2007. The band performed the song as part of their sets in the early to mid-1970s. The Deluxe Collectors Edition of Long Road Out of Eden was released on November 20,2007, No More Walks in the Wood is a song using the words from An Old-Fashioned Song, a 21-line poem by John Hollander. The song is in harmony with guitar chords, but mostly sung a cappella. In a 2007 interview with CNN, band member Don Henley declared, when questioned about the possibility of a follow-up album in November 2010, band member Timothy B. Schmit said, My first reaction would be, no way, but I said that before the last one, so you never really know. Bands are an entity and you never know whats going to happen. It took a time to do that last album, over a span of years, really. We took a year off at one point, im not sure if were able to do that again. I wouldnt close the door on it, but I dont know, in a 2010 interview with undercover. fm, Joe Walsh said that the band might be able to make one more album before the band wraps it up. Guilty of the Crime was previously recorded by The Bellamy Brothers on their 1997 album Over the Line, in 2009, they recorded a version with The Bacon Brothers and released it as a single, with a music video starring Shannen Doherty. In 2009 I Dont Want to Hear Any More was released as the single from the album. The songs writer Paul Carrack had already cut his own version, with Don Henley, schmit singing backing vocals, in 2007

Long Road Out of Eden
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Long Road Out of Eden

21.
Kenny Rogers
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Kenneth Ray Kenny Rogers is an American singer-songwriter, actor, record producer, and entrepreneur. He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame, on September 25,2015, Rogers announced on NBCs Today Show that he was retiring from show business after a final tour to spend more time with his wife and twin boys. Two of his albums, The Gambler and Kenny, are featured in the About. com poll of The 200 Most Influential Country Albums Ever and he was voted the Favorite Singer of All-Time in a 1986 joint poll by readers of both USA Today and People. He has received such awards as the AMAs, Grammys, ACMs and CMAs. The first single from the album, I Cant Unlove You, was also a chart hit. Remaining a popular entertainer around the world, the year he completed a tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland. He has also acted in a variety of movies and television shows, most notably the roles in Kenny Rogers as The Gambler. He is also a co-founder of the restaurant chain Kenny Rogers Roasters, kenneth Ray Rogers was born in Houston, Texas, on August 21,1938, the fourth of eight children, born to Lucille Lois, a nurses assistant, and Edward Floyd Rogers, a carpenter. Rogers is of Irish and Native American ancestry and he has five children from four of his five marriages. At his estate in Colbert, Georgia, Rogers keeps a pet goat named Smitty, according to Rogers, the goat has been center, providing a calming influence after long and stressful touring schedules. He had a solo hit in 1958 called That Crazy Feeling. After sales slowed down, Rogers joined a group called The Bobby Doyle Three. The group recorded for Columbia Records and they disbanded in 1965, and a 1966 jazzy rock single Rogers recorded for Mercury Records, called Heres That Rainy Day, failed. Rogers also worked as a producer, writer and session musician for other performers, including country artists Mickey Gilley, in 1966 he joined The New Christy Minstrels as a singer and double bass player. Feeling that the Minstrels were not offering the success they wanted, Rogers and fellow members Mike Settle, Terry Williams and they formed The First Edition in 1967. They were later joined by Kin Vassy, when the First Edition disbanded in 1976, Rogers launched his solo career. He soon developed a more middle-of-the-road sound that sold to both pop and country audiences and he has charted more than 60 top 40 hit singles. Fifty of his albums have charted and his music has also been featured in top selling movie soundtracks, such as Convoy, Urban Cowboy, and The Big Lebowski

22.
Ricky Nelson
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Eric Hilliard Ricky Rick Nelson was an American actor, musician, and singer-songwriter. He recorded 19 additional Top 10 hits and was inducted into the Rock, in 1996, he was ranked #49 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. Nelson began his entertainment career in 1949 playing himself in the sitcom series The Adventures of Ozzie. In 1952, he appeared in his first feature film, Here Come the Nelsons, in 1957, he recorded his first single, debuted as a singer on the television version of the sitcom, and released the #1 album entitled Ricky. In 1958, Nelson released his first #1 single, Poor Little Fool, a few films followed, and when the television series was cancelled in 1966, Nelson made occasional appearances as a guest star on various television programs. Nelson and Sharon Kristin Harmon were married on April 20,1963 and they had four children, Tracy Kristine, twin sons Gunnar Eric and Matthew Gray, and Sam Hilliard. Nelson was born on May 8,1940, in Teaneck and he was the second son of entertainment couple Harriet Hilliard Nelson and Ozzie Nelson. His father Ozzie was half Swedish, the Nelsons older son was actor David Nelson. Harriet, normally the vocalist for Ozzies band, remained in Englewood, New Jersey, with her newborn, meanwhile, bandleader Ozzie toured with the Nelson orchestra. In November 1941, the Nelsons bought what would become their permanent home, Ricky joined his parents and brother in Los Angeles in 1942. Ricky was a small and insecure child who suffered severe asthma. At night, his sleep was eased with a vaporizer emitting tincture of evergreen and he was described by Red Skeltons producer John Guedel as an odd little kid, likable, shy, introspective, mysterious, and inscrutable. When Skelton was drafted in 1944, Guedel crafted the radio sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie, the show debuted on Sunday, October 8,1944, to favorable reviews. Ozzie eventually became head writer for the show and based episodes on the fraternal exploits, in 1952, the Nelsons tested the waters for a television series with the theatrically released film Here Come the Nelsons. The film was a hit, and Ozzie was convinced the family could make the transition from radios airwaves to televisions small screen. Nelson attended Gardner Street Public School, Bancroft Junior High, and and he played football at Hollywood High and represented the school in interscholastic tennis matches. Twenty-five years later, Nelson told the Los Angeles Weekly he hated school because it smelled of pencils, Ozzie Nelson was a Rutgers alumnus and keen on college education, but eighteen-year-old Ricky was already in the 93 percent income-tax bracket and saw no reason to attend. At age thirteen, Ricky was making over $100,000 per annum, Nelsons wealth was astutely managed by his parents, who channeled his earnings into trust funds

23.
Silk Purse (Linda Ronstadt album)
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Silk Purse is the second studio album by Linda Ronstadt, released in March 1970, a year after the release of her solo debut, Hand Sown. Mazer was recommended to Linda by Janis Joplin, who she knew from the night clubs. The album features songs in a country music setting. Ronstadt later remarked that Nashville Country is very different from California Country and this album, like its predecessor, was also different in style and sound from Ronstadts previous Folk Rock work with the Stone Poneys. Silk Purse includes interpretations of the Hank Williams song Lovesick Blues and Mel Tilliss Mental Revenge, the album also features a remake of Will You Love Me Tomorrow. – the Gerry Goffin-Carole King song recorded by The Shirelles in 1961 –, nonetheless, her intensely passionate reading of the song made it a major hit, reaching #21 in Record World magazine, #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, and #26 in Cash Box. It earned Ronstadt her first Grammy nomination in early 1971, following the release of Silk Purse, Ronstadt formed a backing and touring band that she also used on her next, self-titled album. Her new group consisted of Glenn Frey, Bernie Leadon, Randy Meisner, the musicians synced so well on stage, they later formed The Eagles. Three months after the release, Rolling Stones Alec Dubro reviewed Silk Purse in the magazines June 25 issue. Some of the material is raw imitation and some is more original, though released in March, Silk Purse did not debut on the Billboard Top 200 LP chart until October 1970, spending 10 weeks on the chart but peaking at a disappointing No.103. This came on the heels of the performance of the Long, Long Time single. The single earned her a Grammy nomination in early 1971 for Best Contemporary Vocal Performance, Female, but lost to Dionne Warwicks Ill Never Fall In Love Again

Silk Purse (Linda Ronstadt album)
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Silk Purse

24.
Disneyland
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Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17,1955. It is the theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. It was originally the attraction on the property, its name was changed to Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the expanding complex in the 1990s. Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s. He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit, however, after hiring a consultant to help him determine an appropriate site for his project, Disney bought a 160-acre site near Anaheim in 1953. Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a televised press event on the ABC Television Network on July 17,1955. Opened in 2001, Disney California Adventure Park was built on the site of Disneylands original parking lot, Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with over 650 million guests since it opened. In 2013, the park hosted approximately 16.2 million guests, according to a March 2005 Disney report,65,700 jobs are supported by the Disneyland Resort, including about 20,000 direct Disney employees and 3,800 third-party employees. To all who come to this place, Welcome. Here age relives fond memories of the past, and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams, and the facts that have created America, with the hope that it will be a source of joy. The concept for Disneyland began when Walt Disney was visiting Griffith Park in Los Angeles with his daughters Diane and Sharon. While watching them ride the merry-go-round, he came up with the idea of a place where adults and their children could go and have fun together and he may have also been influenced by his fathers memories of the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. Another likely influence was Benton Harbor, Michigans nationally famous House of Davids Eden Springs Park, Disney visited the park and ultimately bought one of the older miniature trains originally used there, the colony had the largest miniature railway setup in the world at the time. His ideas evolved to a play park with a boat ride. The initial concept, the Mickey Mouse Park, started with an 8-acre plot across Riverside Drive and his designers began working on concepts, though the project grew much larger than the land could hold. Disney hired Harrison Price from Stanford Research Institute to gauge the proper area to locate the theme based on the areas potential growth. Based on Prices analysis, Disney acquired 160 acres of groves and walnut trees in Anaheim

25.
Linda Ronstadt (album)
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Linda Ronstadt is the third solo studio album by Linda Ronstadt, released in early 1972 on the Capitol Records label. The album was a failure, prompting Lindas exit from Capitol Records. It peaked at #163 on Billboards Pop Album Chart and #35 on Billboards Country Album Chart and it is considered to be a front-runner in the country rock music genre. Frey, Henley, Leadon and Meisner formed the Eagles, with Ronstadt’s approval, other notable session musicians on the album include violinist Gib Guilbeau, pedal steel guitarist Buddy Emmons, and Herb Pedersen on guitar, banjo and backing vocals. D

Linda Ronstadt (album)
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Linda Ronstadt

26.
Aspen, Colorado
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Aspen is the Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. Its population was 6,658 at the 2010 United States Census, founded as a mining camp during the Colorado Silver Boom and later named Aspen because of the abundance of aspen trees in the area, the city boomed during the 1880s, its first decade of existence. In the late 20th century, the city became a retreat for celebrities. Gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson worked out of a downtown hotel, singer John Denver wrote two songs about Aspen after settling there. Today the musicians and movie stars have been joined by corporate executives, as a result of this influx of wealth, Aspen boasts some of the most expensive real estate prices in the United States and many middle-class residents can no longer afford to live there. It remains a popular tourist destination, with outdoor recreation in the surrounding White River National Forest serving as a complement to the four ski areas in the vicinity. Production expanded due to the passage of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890, by 1893, Aspen had banks, a hospital, a police department, two theaters, an opera house and electric lights. Economic collapse came with the Panic of 1893, when President Cleveland called a session of Congress. Within weeks, many of the Aspen mines were closed and thousands of miners were put out of work, eventually, after wage cuts, mining revived somewhat, but production declined and by the 1930 census only 705 residents remained. Remaining, however, were fine stocks of old buildings and residences. Aspens development as a ski resort first flickered in the 1930s when investors conceived of a ski area, friedl Pfeifer, a member of the 10th Mountain Division who had trained in the area, returned to the area and linked up with industrialist Walter Paepcke and his wife Elizabeth. The Aspen Skiing Corporation was founded in 1946 and the city became a well-known resort. Paepcke also played an important role in bringing the Goethe Bicentennial Convocation to Aspen in 1949, Aspen was now on the path to becoming an internationally known ski resort and cultural center, home of the Aspen Music Festival and School. The area would continue to grow with the development of three ski areas, Buttermilk, Aspen Highlands, and Snowmass. In 1977, notorious serial killer Ted Bundy, while in the Pitkin County Courthouse in Aspen for a hearing, jumped from a second-story window. He remained free for six days, hiding out on Aspen Mountain, in 1977, Aspen was thoroughly photographed for the Aspen Movie Map project funded by the U. S. Department of Defense. The Movie Map is one of the earliest examples of virtual reality software, Aspen is notable as the smallest radio market tracked by Arbitron, ranked at #302. Aspen is a Home Rule Municipality under Colorado law, an elected council of four members and the mayor supervise the citys operations, managed on a day-to-day basis by the city manager, an appointed official who serves at their pleasure

27.
Peyote
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Lophophora williamsii /loʊˈfɒfərə wɪlˈjæmsiaɪ/ or peyote is a small, spineless cactus with psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. The English common name comes from the like-spelled Spanish name. Other sources translate the Nahuatl word as Divine Messenger, Native North Americans are likely to have used peyote, often for spiritual purposes, for at least 5,500 years. Peyote is native to Mexico and southwestern Texas and it is found primarily in the Chihuahuan Desert and in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí among scrub, especially where there is limestone. Peyote has a history of ritualistic and medicinal use by indigenous Americans. It flowers from March through May, and sometimes as late as September, the flowers are pink, with thigmotactic anthers. The various species of the genus Lophophora grow low to the ground and they form groups with numerous. The blue-green, yellow-green or sometimes reddish green shoots are mostly flattened spheres with sunken shoot tips and they can reach heights of from 2 to 7 centimeters and diameters of 4 to 12 centimeters. There are often significant, vertical ribs consisting of low and rounded or hump-like bumps, from the cusp areoles arises a tuft of soft, yellowish or whitish woolly hairs. Flowers are pink or white to yellowish, sometimes reddish. They open during the day, are from 1 to 2.4 centimeters long, the cactus produces flowers sporadically, these are followed by small edible pink fruit. The club-shaped to elongated, fleshy fruits are bare and more or less rosy colored, at maturity, they are brownish-white and dry. The fruits do not burst open on their own and they are between 1.5 and 2 centimeters long and they contain black, pear-shaped seeds that are 1 to 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide. The seeds require hot and humid conditions to germinate, Peyote contains a large spectrum of phenethylamine alkaloids. The mescaline content of Lophophora williamsii is about 0. 4% fresh, cultivated specimens grow considerably faster, sometimes taking less than three years to go from seedling to mature flowering adult. More rapid growth can be achieved by grafting peyote onto mature San Pedro root stock, the top of the cactus that grows above ground, also referred to as the crown, consists of disc-shaped buttons that are cut above the roots and sometimes dried. When done properly, the top of the root will form a callus, when poor harvesting techniques are used, however, the entire plant dies. Currently in South Texas, peyote grows naturally but has been over-harvested, the buttons are generally chewed, or boiled in water to produce a psychoactive tea

28.
Tequila
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Although tequila is similar to mezcal, modern tequila differs somewhat in the method of its production, in the use of only blue agave plants, as well as in its regional specificity. Tequila is commonly served neat in Mexico and as a shot with salt, the red volcanic soil in the surrounding region is particularly well suited to the growing of the blue agave, and more than 300 million of the plants are harvested there each year. Agave tequila grows differently depending on the region, Blue agaves grown in the highlands Los Altos region are larger in size and sweeter in aroma and taste. Agaves harvested in the lowlands, on the hand, have a more herbaceous fragrance. Mexican laws state that tequila can only be produced in the state of Jalisco and limited municipalities in the states of Guanajuato, Michoacán, Nayarit, Tequila is recognized as a Mexican designation of origin product in more than 40 countries. Tequila is most often made at a 38% alcohol content for domestic consumption, per U. S law, tequila must contain at least 40% alcohol to be sold in the United States. Tequila was first produced in the 16th century near the location of the city of Tequila, the native Chichimeca and otomí had previously made a fermented beverage from the agave plant, long before the Spanish arrived in 1521. When the Spanish conquistadors ran out of their own brandy, they began to distill agave to produce one of North Americas first indigenous distilled spirits. Some 80 years later, around 1600, Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, by 1608, the colonial governor of Nueva Galicia had begun to tax his products. Spains King Carlos IV granted the Cuervo family the first license to make tequila. Don Cenobios grandson Don Francisco Javier gained international attention for insisting that there cannot be tequila where there are no agaves and his efforts led to the practice that real tequila can come only from the State of Jalisco. Although some tequilas have remained as family-owned brands, most well-known tequila brands are owned by multinational corporations. However, over 100 distilleries make over 900 brands of tequila in Mexico, due to this, each bottle of tequila contains a serial number depicting in which distillery the tequila was produced. Because only so many distilleries are used, multiple brands of tequila come from the same location, in 2003, Mexico issued a proposal that would require all Mexican-made tequila be bottled in Mexico before being exported to other countries. The Mexican government said that bottling tequila in Mexico would guarantee its quality, on January 17,2006, the United States and Mexico signed an agreement allowing the continued bulk import of tequila into the United States. The agreement also created a tequila bottlers registry to identify approved bottlers of tequila, the Tequila Regulatory Council of Mexico originally did not permit flavored tequila to carry the tequila name. In 2004, the Council decided to allow flavored tequila to be called tequila, with the exception of 100% agave tequila, which still cannot be flavored. A new Norma Oficial Mexicana for tequila was issued in 2006, a one-liter bottle of limited-edition premium tequila was sold for $225,000 in July 2006 in Tequila, Jalisco, by the company Tequila Ley.925

Tequila
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Fields that form part of the UNESCO World Heritage SiteAgave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila.
Tequila
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From left to right, examples of plata, reposado and añejo tequila
Tequila
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A distillery oven loaded with agave piñas or "pineapples", the first step in the production of tequila post harvest.
Tequila
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A tahona, large stone wheel, at the Hacienda Doña Engracia that was used to crush the piña. Large, modern distilleries commonly complete this process mechanically.

29.
Winslow, Arizona
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Winslow is a city in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. According to the 2010 census, the population of the city is 9,655, the last Harvey House opened in 1930. It was designed by Mary Colter, the hotel closed in 1957 and was used by the Santa Fe Railway for offices. The railroad abandoned La Posada in 1994 and announced plans to tear it down and it was bought and restored by Allan Affeldt and it currently serves as a hotel. U. S. Route 66 was originally routed through the city, a contract to build Interstate 40 as a bypass north of Winslow was awarded at the end of 1977. I-40 replaced U. S. Route 66 in Arizona in its entirety, Winslow achieved national fame in 1972 in the Eagles / Jackson Browne song “Take it Easy” which has the line “standing on a corner in Winslow, Arizona. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,520 people,2,754 households, the population density was 773.1 people per square mile. There were 3,198 housing units at a density of 259.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 40. 8% White,5. 18% Black or African American,23. 47% Native American,1. 03% Asian,0. 09% Pacific Islander,13. 49% from other races, and 4. 18% from two or more races. 28. 84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,23. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the family size was 3.40. In the city, the population was out with 29. 8% under the age of 18,11. 0% from 18 to 24,31. 1% from 25 to 44,18. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 31 years, for every 100 females there were 122.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.6 males, the median income for a household in the city was $29,741, and the median income for a family was $35,825. Males had an income of $28,365 versus $20,698 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,340, about 17. 5% of families and 20. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26. 9% of those under age 18 and 16. 3% of those age 65 or over. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 12.3 square miles. Winslow experiences a dry, temperate climate, with a wide diurnal temperature variation year-round

30.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US

Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard logo

31.
Yes (band)
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Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson and bassist Chris Squire. The band has undergone numerous formations throughout its history, nineteen musicians have been full-time members, since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood. Yes adopted several changes in style, from rearranged covers to progressive and art rock in the 1970s. They have sold 13.5 million RIAA-certified albums in the US, Yes changed their name from Mabel Greers Toyshop and performed rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs as evident on their first two albums. Yes toured as a rock act that earned the band a reputation for their elaborate stage sets, light displays. The success of Roundabout, the single from Fragile, cemented their popularity across the decade, in 1983, Yes reformed with a new line-up that included guitarist Trevor Rabin and a more commercial and pop-oriented musical direction. The result was 90125, their album which contained the US number one single. From 1990 to 1992, Yes were an eight-member formation after they merged with Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe to release Union, since 1994, Yes have released albums with varied levels of success and completed tours from 1997 to 2004. After a four-year break in activity, they resumed touring in 2008 and continue to release albums, Yes are one of the most successful, influential, and longest-lasting progressive rock bands. In 1985, they won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance with Cinema, Yes have headlined annual progressive rock-themed cruises since 2013 named Cruise to the Edge. Their discography spans 21 studio albums, the band will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2017. In 1967, bassist Chris Squire joined the rock band Mabel Greers Toyshop, with singer and guitarist Clive Bayley, drummer Bob Hagger and they played at the Marquee Club in Soho, London where Jack Barrie, owner of the nearby La Chasse club, saw them perform. There was nothing outstanding about them, he recalled, the musicianship was very good, Barrie introduced Squire to singer Jon Anderson, a worker at the bar in La Chasse, who found they shared interests in Simon & Garfunkel and harmony singing. That evening at Squires house they wrote Sweetness, which was included on the first Yes album, meanwhile, Banks had left Mabel Greers Toyshop to join Neat Change, but he was dismissed by this group on 7 April 1968. In June 1968, Hagger was replaced in the nascent Yes by Bill Bruford, who had placed an advertisement in Melody Maker, finally, the classically trained organist and pianist Tony Kaye, of Johnny Taylors Star Combo and The Federals, became the keyboardist and the fifth member. The newborn band rehearsed in the basement of The Lucky Horseshoe cafe on Shaftesbury Avenue between 10 June and 9 July 1968, Anderson suggested that they call the new band Life while Squire suggested that it be called World. At Banks suggestion, the first gig under the new brand followed at a camp in East Mersea. Early sets were formed of songs from artists such as the Beatles

Yes (band)
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Yes in concert, 1977 Left to right: Steve Howe, Alan White, Jon Anderson, Chris Squire, Rick Wakeman
Yes (band)
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Jon Anderson in 1973.
Yes (band)
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Geoff Downes (left) and Trevor Horn formed the duo The Buggles in 1977; in 1980, they both joined Yes.
Yes (band)
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Trevor Rabin, pictured here at a Yes concert in 1994. Rabin joined the band when it reformed in 1982, and stayed until 1994, when he decided to become a film composer.

32.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste

33.
Black Sabbath
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The band experienced multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history. Originally formed as a rock band, the group soon adopted the Black Sabbath moniker and began incorporating occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics. They also composed songs about social instability, political corruption and drugs, Osbournes regular use of alcohol and other drugs led to his dismissal from the band in 1979. He was replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Ronnie James Dio, in 1992, Iommi and Butler rejoined Dio and drummer Vinny Appice to record Dehumanizer. The original line-up reunited with Osbourne in 1997 and released a live album Reunion, Black Sabbaths final studio album and nineteenth overall,13, features all of the original members but Ward. A year after embarking on a tour, the band played their final concert in their home city of Birmingham on 4 February 2017. Iommi has stated, however, that he has not ruled out the possibility of new material or one-off shows under the Black Sabbath name, Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music. The band helped define the genre with releases such as Black Sabbath, Paranoid and they were ranked by MTV as the Greatest Metal Band of all time, and placed second in VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list. Rolling Stone magazine ranked them number 85 in their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and they have sold over 70 million records worldwide. Black Sabbath were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 and they have also won two Grammy Awards for Best Metal Performance. Following the break-up of their previous band Mythology in 1968, guitarist Tony Iommi and drummer Bill Ward sought to form a blues rock band in Aston. The new group was named the Polka Tulk Blues Band, the name taken either from a brand of talcum powder or an Indian/Pakistani clothing shop. The Polka Tulk Blues Band featured slide guitarist Jimmy Phillips, a friend of Osbournes. After shortening the name to Polka Tulk, the band changed their name to Earth and continued as a four-piece without Phillips. Iommi became concerned that Phillips and Clarke lacked the dedication and were not taking the band seriously. Rather than asking them to leave, they decided to break up. While the band was performing under the Earth title, they recorded several demos written by Norman Haines such as The Rebel, Song for Jim, the demo titled Song for Jim was in reference to Jim Simpson. Jim Simpson was a manager for the bands Bakerloo Blues Line, Simpson was also a trumpet player for the group Locomotive

34.
Deep Purple
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Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertford in 1968. The band is considered to be among the pioneers of metal and modern hard rock. Originally formed as a rock band, the band shifted to a heavier sound in 1970. Deep Purple, together with Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, have referred to as the unholy trinity of British hard rock. They were listed in the 1975 Guinness Book of World Records as the globes loudest band for a 1972 concert at Londons Rainbow Theatre, Deep Purple have had several line-up changes and an eight-year hiatus. The 1968–1976 line-ups are commonly labelled Mark I, II, III and their second and most commercially successful line-up featured Ian Gillan, Jon Lord, Roger Glover, Ian Paice, and Ritchie Blackmore. This line-up was active from 1969 to 1973, and was revived from 1984 to 1989, and again from 1992 to 1993. The bands line-up has been more stable in recent years. Deep Purple were ranked number 22 on VH1s Greatest Artists of Hard Rock programme, the band received the Legend Award at the 2008 World Music Awards. Deep Purple were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016, in 1967, former Searchers drummer Chris Curtis contacted London businessman Tony Edwards, in the hope that he would manage a new group he was putting together, to be called Roundabout. Curtis vision was a supergroup where the members would get on and off. Impressed with the plan, Edwards agreed to finance the venture with two partners, John Coletta and Ron Hire, all of Hire-Edwards-Coletta Enterprises. The first recruit to the band was the classically trained Hammond organ player Jon Lord, Lord was currently performing in a backing band for the vocal group The Flower Pot Men, along with bassist Nick Simper and drummer Carlo Little. Simper had previously been in Johnny Kidd and the Pirates and survived the 1966 car crash that killed Kidd, Lord put the two on alert that hed been recruited for the Roundabout project, after which Simper and Little suggested guitarist Ritchie Blackmore, whom Lord had never met. Simper had known Blackmore since the early 1960s when his first band, the Renegades, debuted around the time as one of Blackmores early bands. HEC persuaded Blackmore to return from Hamburg to audition for the new group, Blackmore was making a name for himself as a studio session guitarist, and had also been a member of the Outlaws, Screaming Lord Sutch, and Neil Christian. Curtis erratic behaviour and lifestyle, fueled by LSD use, caused a sudden disinterest in the project he had started, but HEC was now intrigued with the possibilities Lord and Blackmore brought, while Lord and Blackmore were also keen to continue. The two carried on with recruiting members, keeping Tony Edwards as their manager

35.
Seals and Crofts
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Seals and Crofts were an American soft rock duo made up of James Jim Seals and Darrell Dash Crofts. They are best known for their Hot 100 No.6 hits Summer Breeze, Diamond Girl and they reunited briefly in 1991–1992 and again in 2004, when they released their final album, Traces. Both members have long been advocates of the Baháí Faith. Jim Seals and Dash Crofts were both born in Texas, Seals in Sidney and Crofts in Cisco and they first met when Crofts was a drummer for a local band. Later, Seals joined a band called Dean Beard and the Crew Cats, with Beard, they moved to Los Angeles to join The Champs, but the two did so only after the groups Tequila reached #1 in 1958. Seals also spent time during 1959 in the band of Eddie Cochran. In 1963, Jimmy Seals, Dash Crofts, Glen Campbell, and Jerry Cole left The Champs to form a band named Glen Campbell, the band only lasted a couple of years before the members went their separate ways. Crofts returned to Texas and Seals joined a band named The Dawnbreakers, Crofts eventually returned to California to join The Dawnbreakers and thus both Seals and Crofts were introduced to and became members of the Baháí Faith. However, the turned out to be unsuccessful. Crofts married fellow Dawnbreaker Billie Lee Day in 1969 and Seals married Ruby Jean Anderson in 1970, after the failure with The Dawnbreakers, the two decided to play as a duo, with Seals on guitar, saxophone and violin, and Crofts on guitar and mandolin. They signed a contract with the division of Talent Associates in 1969. The pair signed a new contract with Warner Bros. Records in August 1971 and their first album with their new label did not break into the charts, but their second album Summer Breeze charted at No.7 in 1972. The record sold one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the R. I. A. A. in December 1972. The duo played at the California Jam festival in Ontario, California, on April 6,1974. Attracting over 200,000 fans, the concert put them alongside 70s acts such as Black Sabbath, Eagles, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Deep Purple, Earth, Wind & Fire, Black Oak Arkansas, and Rare Earth. Portions of the show were telecast on ABC Television in the US, after a long and successful run of recordings in the 1970s, the two lost their contract with Warner Brothers in 1980 and decided to set aside music for a while. Seals and Crofts are longtime adherents of the Bahai faith, a number of their songs contain Bahai references, including passages from Bahai scriptures. When they appeared in concert, they remained on stage after the performance to talk about the faith while local Bahais passed out literature to anyone interested

Seals and Crofts
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Seals and Crofts in 1975

36.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate

American Broadcasting Company
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ABC's corporate headquarters are located at 77 West 66th Street, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.
American Broadcasting Company
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American Broadcasting Company
American Broadcasting Company
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Edward Noble, founder of ABC
American Broadcasting Company
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In 2002, dancers and other cast members from the 32-year run of American Bandstand reunited with host Dick Clark to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the show's local television debut.

37.
Toots and the Maytals
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Toots and the Maytals, originally called The Maytals, are a Jamaican musical group and one of the best known ska and rock steady vocal groups. The Maytals were formed in the early 1960s and were key figures in popularizing reggae music, frontman Toots Hibberts soulful vocal style has been compared to Otis Redding, and led him to be named one of the 100 Greatest Singers by Rolling Stone. Their 1968 single Do the Reggay, was the first song to first use the word reggae, naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. As Island Records founder Chris Blackwell says, “The Maytals were unlike anything else. sensational, raw and dynamic. ”Frederick Toots Hibbert, the frontman of the group, was born in May Pen, Clarendon, Jamaica, in 1945, the youngest of seven children. He grew up singing gospel music in a choir and moved to Kingston in the late 1950s. The first instrumentalist members added to the group included Jackie Jackson, Hux Brown, Rad Bryan, in November 2016, Jackie Jackson described the formation of the group in a radio interview for Kool 97 FM Jamaica. Accompanied by Paul Douglas and Radcliffe Dougie Bryan in studio, Jackson explained, “We’re all original members of Toots, first it was Toots and the Maytals, three guys, Toots, Raleigh, and Jerry. …And then they were signed to Island Records, Chris Blackwell, and we were their recording band. One day we were summoned to Chris’ house, and he says, “Alright gentleman, I think it’s time. This Toots and the Maytals looks like going to be a big thing”. By this time he had already signed Bob, so in his camp, Island Records, there was Toots and the Maytals / Bob Marley, we were talking about reggae is going international now. We kept on meeting and he decided that the band that back all of the songs. So everything came under Toots and the Maytals, and then we hit the road in 1975. we were the opening act for the Eagles, Linda Ronstadt, and Jackson Browne. We were the act for The Who for about two weeks. ”The Maytals first had chart success recording for producer Clement Coxsone Dodd at Studio One. With musical backing from Dodds house band, the Skatalites, the Maytals close-harmony gospel singing ensured success, overshadowing Dodds other up-and-coming vocal group, the Wailers. After staying at Studio One for about two years, the group moved on to do sessions for Prince Buster before recording with Byron Lee in 1966, with Lee, the Maytals won the first-ever Jamaican Independence Festival Popular Song Competition with their original song Bam Bam. The groups musical career was interrupted in late 1966 when Hibbert was jailed for 18 months for possession of marijuana and he stated that he was not arrested for ganja, but while bailing a friend. Hibbert reportedly wrote 54-46 Thats My Number about his time in jail, following Hibberts release in 1967, the Maytals began working with the Chinese Jamaican producer Leslie Kong, a collaboration which yielded a string of hits throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s

Toots and the Maytals
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Performing at the Summer Sundae festival, Leicester, August 2011

38.
Angel Stadium
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Angel Stadium of Anaheim, originally known as Anaheim Stadium and later Edison International Field of Anaheim, is a modern-style ballpark located in Anaheim, California. The stadium is referred to by its unofficial nickname The Big A. It is the fourth-oldest active Major League Baseball stadium, behind Fenway Park, Wrigley Field and it hosted the 1967,1989, and 2010 Major League Baseball All-Star Games. Located near the boundary of the parking lot is the landmark Big A sign and electronic marquee. The halo located near the top of the 230 tall, 210-ton sign is illuminated following games in which the Angels win, which gives rise to the fan expression, Light up the Halo. The station provides convenient access to the stadium, the nearby Honda Center, and Disneyland from various communities along the route, which links San Luis Obispo, Los Angeles, and San Diego. The Anaheim Resort Transit stops at the center along with Orange County Transportation Authority buses. and 2 to 3 AMA Supercross Championship races a year, the stadium also houses the studios and offices of the Angels owned and operated flagship radio station, KLAA. Angel Stadium has been the home of the Angels since their move from Los Angeles, on August 31,1964, ground was broken for Anaheim Stadium and in 1966, the then-California Angels moved into their new home after having spent four seasons renting Dodger Stadium from the Dodgers. The stadium was built on a parcel of about 160 acres of land originally used for agricultural purposes by the Allec, Russell. Consistent with many sports stadiums built in the 1960s, it is located in a suburban area. The field dimensions were derived from a study conducted by the Angels. Based on the air density at normal times, the Angels tried to formulate dimensions that were fairly balanced between pitcher, hitter and average weather conditions. The Angels tinkered with those dimensions several times, expanding or contracting parts of the outfield by a few here and there. One of the no-hitters, on June 1,1975, was his fourth, the Coliseum seated almost 100,000 people, and the Rams had trouble filling it even in their best years. Rosenbloom brokered a deal by which the Rams would move from Los Angeles to an expanded Anaheim Stadium, to add more seats for football games, the mezzanine and upper decks were extended completely around the playing field, resulting in a roughly trapezoidal, completely enclosed stadium. An elevated bank of bleachers was built in right field, and temporary seats were placed underneath, another bank of bleachers was built in left field. As a result, the view of the mountains and State Highway 57 was lost. A black and white scoreboard/instant replay video board was installed above the newly constructed upper deck seats in left field, a triangular metal spire was added to the top of the Jumbotron to evoke the original emplacement of the Big A

39.
Governor of California
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The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state. The current governor is Jerry Brown, a Democrat who was inaugurated January 3,2011, in October 2013, Jerry Brown surpassed Earl Warren for the longest cumulative period of time served as governor. Governors are elected by ballot and serve terms of four years. Governors take office on the first Monday after January 1 after their election, there are two methods available to remove a governor before the expiration of the gubernatorial term of office. Impeachment and removal by the legislature The governor can be impeached for misconduct in office by the State Assembly, recall by the voters Petitions signed by California state voters equal in number to 12% of the last vote for the office of governor can launch a gubernatorial recall election. The voters can vote on whether or not to recall the incumbent governor. If a majority of the voters in the vote to recall the governor. The 2003 California recall began with a drive that successfully forced sitting Democratic Governor Gray Davis into a special recall election. It marked the first time in the history of California that a governor faced a recall election and he was subsequently voted out of office, becoming the second governor in the history of the United States to be recalled after Lynn Frazier of North Dakota in 1921. He was replaced by Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Lieutenant Governor of California is separately elected during the same election, not jointly as the running mate of the gubernatorial candidate. California has had a governor and a lieutenant governor of different parties 26 of the past 31 years, the lieutenant governor is also the President of the California State Senate. In practice, there is an agreement for the Lieutenant Governor not to perform more than perfunctory duties while the Governor is away from the state. This agreement was violated when Mike Curb was in office, as he signed several executive orders at odds with the Brown administration when Brown was out of the state. Court rulings have upheld the lieutenant governors right to perform the duties, peter Burnett had the longest post-governorship,44 years. He left office in 1851 and died in 1895, excluding governors who died in office, Robert Waterman had the shortest post-governorship. He died on April 12,1891, a three months and four days after the expiration of his term. Sworn in at the age of 30, J. Neely Johnson was the youngest governor from 1856 to 1858, sworn in at the age of 72, Jerry Brown became the oldest governor in 2011. Earl Warren was the governor to serve more than two consecutive terms in office

40.
Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who was the 40th President of the United States, from 1981 to 1989. Before his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California, from 1967 to 1975, after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. Raised in a family in small towns of northern Illinois, Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932. After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor, Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild, the labor union for actors, where he worked to root out Communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a speaker at General Electric factories. Having been a lifelong Democrat, his views changed and he became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagans speech, A Time for Choosing, in support of Barry Goldwaters foundering presidential campaign, Building a network of supporters, he was elected Governor of California in 1966. Entering the presidency in 1981, Reagan implemented sweeping new political, in his first term he survived an assassination attempt, spurred the War on Drugs, and fought public sector labor. During his re-election bid, Reagan campaigned on the notion that it was Morning in America, foreign affairs dominated his second term, including ending of the Cold War, the bombing of Libya, and the Iran–Contra affair. Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an empire, and during his famous speech at the Brandenburg Gate. Jack, a salesman and storyteller, was the grandson of Irish Catholic immigrants from County Tipperary, Reagan had one older brother, John Neil Reagan, who became an advertising executive. As a boy, Reagans father nicknamed his son Dutch, due to his fat little Dutchman-like appearance and Dutchboy haircut, Reagans family briefly lived in several towns and cities in Illinois, including Monmouth, Galesburg, and Chicago. In 1919, they returned to Tampico and lived above the H. C, Pitney Variety Store until finally settling in Dixon. After his election as president, residing in the upstairs White House private quarters, for the time, Reagan was unusual in his opposition to racial discrimination, and recalled a time in Dixon when the local inn would not allow black people to stay there. Reagan brought them back to his house, where his mother invited them to stay the night and have breakfast the next morning, after the closure of the Pitney Store in late 1920 and the familys move to Dixon, the midwestern small universe had a lasting impression on Reagan. Reagan attended Dixon High School, where he developed interests in acting, sports and his first job was as a lifeguard at the Rock River in Lowell Park in 1927. Over a six-year period, Reagan reportedly performed 77 rescues as a lifeguard and he attended Eureka College, a Disciples-oriented liberal arts school, where he became a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity, a cheerleader, and studied economics and sociology. While involved, the Miller Center of Public Affairs described him as an indifferent student and he majored in economics and sociology, and graduated with a C grade

41.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, the BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own. Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the Governments objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing, supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blakes Jerusalem signifying that England had been saved, Reith argued that trust gained by authentic impartial news could then be used

42.
Pedal steel
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The pedal steel guitar is a type of electric steel guitar that is built on legs or a stand and is fitted with foot pedals and knee levers which change the pitch of certain strings. The word steel comes from a piece of polished steel held against the strings and moved back, like other electric guitars, the musical instrument produces sound by the vibration of its strings which are converted by magnetic pickup connected to an amplifier. Pedal steels may have one or two necks that typically have 10 strings each, but may have as many as 14, unlike most other guitars, pedal steel guitars have reference lines on the fretboard where frets would be, but no actual frets. The player changes the pitch of one or more strings by sliding a metal bar from one position to another or vibrating them with a mechanical device, Pedal steels are typically plucked with a thumb pick and fingers, or two or three fingerpicks. The distinctive feature of pedal steel guitars are the namesake pedals as well as knee levers. The pedals are mounted on a bar below the body. While there are fairly standard pedal assignments, many advanced players devise their own setups. The range of copedents that can be set up varies considerably from guitar to guitar, aftermarket modifications to make additional copedents possible are common. The pedal steel evolved from the steel guitar and lap steel guitar. Like the console steel, a pedal steel may have multiple necks, the pedal steel, with its smooth portamenti, bending chords and complex riffs, is one of the most recognizable and characteristic instruments of American country music. A pedal steel guitar is typically rectangular and has no specific resonant chamber or conventional guitar body and these are mounted on a stand and equipped with foot pedals and usually knee levers. Many models feature two necks, the nearer to the player most often using a C6 tuning and the farther away using an E9 tuning. The most common configuration is one or two necks of ten each, but eight-string and twelve-string necks are also popular. Three-neck instruments are less common than those with one or two, but are not unknown, the pedals and/or knee levers on the underside allow the performer to tighten or relax one or more strings in combination to specific tuned notes, changing the instruments tuning during performance. Several people have been credited with the innovation, the Hawaiian style of playing was very popular in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s. To increase the volume of the guitar, a resonator cone was added by the Dopyera Brothers to create the resophonic guitar. By the 30s, the guitar body was abandoned for a flat slab of wood or metal and the addition of an electric pickup. It was the first electric guitar to achieve commercial success, several pioneering manufacturers of the electric guitar were first famous for their work on the then more popular electric steel guitar, among them Adolph Rickenbacker, Paul Bigsby and Leo Fender

Pedal steel
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Pedal steel (ZumSteel D10)

43.
Mandolin
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A mandolin is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or pick. It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison, although five, the courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello. There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a bottom, constructed of strips of wood. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a shallower, arched back. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music, carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature a fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course. There has also been a type and an instrument with sixteen-strings. Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard, pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, the modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections, there is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic f. A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling, Mandolins evolved from the lute family in Italy during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the deep bowled mandolin, produced particularly in Naples, became common in the 19th century. Dating to around c.13,000 BC, a painting in the Trois Frères cave in France depicts what some believe is a musical bow. From the musical bow, families of stringed instruments developed, since each string played a note, adding strings added new notes, creating bow harps, harps. In turn, this led to being able to play dyads and chords, another innovation occurred when the bow harp was straightened out and a bridge used to lift the strings off the stick-neck, creating the lute

Mandolin
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An American A-style left-handed mandolin, with F-holes
Mandolin
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Modern Neapolitan bowlback mandolin manufactured by the Calace family workshop.
Mandolin
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Mandolin with six courses of strings (2 strings per course), labeled Milanese at the museum.
Mandolin
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Advertisement for a Lyon and Healy made, Washburn brand mandolin from an 1897 short-stories magazine, The Black Cat.

44.
Michael Jackson
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Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, and philanthropist. Called the King of Pop, his contributions to music, dance, the eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5. He began his career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music, the popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jacksons 1987 album Bad spawned the U. S and he continued to innovate with videos such as Black or White and Scream throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and his distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres. Thriller is the album of all time, with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide. Jacksons other albums, including Off the Wall, Bad, Dangerous and he is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records. Jackson won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music. He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when Love Never Felt So Good reached number nine on May 21,2014. Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, aspects of Jacksons personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In 1993, he was accused of sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of child sexual abuse allegations. While preparing for his concert series, This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25,2009. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician, Jacksons death triggered a global outpouring of grief, and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world. Forbes ranks Jackson as the dead celebrity with earnings of $825 million in 2016. Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29,1958 and his mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovahs Witness. She played clarinet and piano and once aspired to be a country-and-western performer, michaels father, Joseph Walter Joe Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U. S. Steel

Michael Jackson
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Jackson performing in 1988, during the Bad World Tour
Michael Jackson
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Jackson's childhood home in Gary, Indiana, showing floral tributes after his death.
Michael Jackson
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Jackson (center) as a member of the Jackson 5 in 1972.
Michael Jackson
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Jackson wearing his famous jacket during the Thriller era.

45.
Thriller (Michael Jackson album)
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Thriller is the sixth studio album by American singer Michael Jackson, released on November 30,1982 by Epic Records. The follow-up to Jacksons successful previous album, Off the Wall, Thriller explores genres similar to those of its predecessor, including pop, post-disco, rock and funk. Recording sessions for Thriller took place from April to November 1982 at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, Quincy Jones produced the album, while Jackson wrote four of its nine songs. In just over a year, Thriller became—and currently remains—the worlds best-selling album and it is the best-selling album in the United States and the first album to be certified 33x multi-platinum, having shipped 33 million album-equivalent units. Thriller is also the best selling album ever in Europe, with sales of over 17 million copies, the album won a record-breaking number of eight Grammy Awards in 1984, including Album of the Year. Seven singles were released from the album, all of which reached the top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. Thriller also enabled Jackson to break racial barriers in pop music, via his appearances on MTV. The album was one of the first to use music videos as successful promotional tools, and that same year the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, along with Jacksons Off the Wall album. In 2012, Slant Magazine placed Thriller at number one on its list of Best Albums of the 1980s, in 2003, Rolling Stone placed the album at number 20 on their list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. The album was listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers at number three on its list of the Definitive 200 albums of all time, Jacksons previous album Off the Wall received strong critical acclaim and was also a commercial success, eventually selling over 20 million copies worldwide. The years between Off the Wall and Thriller were a period for the singer, a time of increasing independence. The period saw the singer become deeply unhappy, Jackson explained, Even at home, I sit in my room sometimes and cry. Its so hard to make friends, I sometimes walk around the neighborhood at night, just hoping to find someone to talk to. But I just end up coming home, when Jackson turned 21 in August 1979, he hired John Branca as his manager. Jackson confided in Branca that he wanted to be the biggest star in show business and the wealthiest. The singer was upset about what he perceived to be the under-performance of Off the Wall, stating, It was totally unfair that it didnt get Record of the Year, someday those magazines are going to be begging me for an interview. Maybe Ill give them one, and maybe I wont, Jackson reunited with Off the Wall producer Quincy Jones to record his sixth studio album. The pair worked together on 30 songs, nine of which were eventually included, Thriller was recorded at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California, with a production budget of $750,000

46.
60 Minutes
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60 Minutes is an American newsmagazine television program broadcast on the CBS television network. Debuting in 1968, the program was created by Don Hewitt, in 2002,60 Minutes was ranked #6 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and in 2013, it was ranked #24 on TV Guides 60 Best Series of All Time. The New York Times has called it one of the most esteemed news magazines on American television, the program employed a magazine format, similar to that of the Canadian program W5, which had premiered two years earlier. Similar programs sprang up in Australia and Canada during the 1970s, Wallace said that the show aimed to reflect reality. The first magazine-cover chroma key was a photo of two helmeted policemen, Wallace and Reasoner sat in chairs on opposite sides of the set, which had a cream-colored backdrop, the more famous black backdrop did not appear until the following year. The logo was in Helvetica type with the word Minutes spelled in all lower-case letters, the trademark stopwatch, however, did not appear on the inaugural broadcast, it would not debut until several episodes later. Alpo dog food was the sponsor of the first program. Don Hewitt, who had been a producer of the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite, however, the initial season was troubled by lack of network confidence, as the program did not garner ratings much higher than that of other CBS News documentaries. 60 Minutes struggled under that stigma during its first three years, changes to 60 Minutes came fairly early in the programs history. When Reasoner left CBS to co-anchor ABCs evening newscast, Morley Safer joined the team in 1970, and he took over Reasoners duties of reporting less aggressive stories. After a six-month hiatus in late 1971, CBS found a place for 60 Minutes in a portion of that displaced time,6,00 to 7,00 p. m. (Eastern,5,00 to 6,00 Central Time on Sundays. This took place because football telecasts were protected contractually from interruptions in the wake of the infamous Heidi Bowl incident on NBC in November 1968. When a family-oriented drama, Three for the Road, ended after a 12-week run in the fall, the newsmagazine took its place at 7,00 p. m. Eastern Time on December 7. S. This move, and the addition of then-White House correspondent Dan Rather to the team, made the program into a strong ratings hit and, eventually. This was no less than a stunning reversal of the poor ratings performances of documentary programs on network television. By 1976,60 Minutes became the program on Sunday nights in the U. S. By 1979, it had achieved the #1 spot among all programs in the Nielsen ratings. This success translated into great profits for CBS, advertising rates went from $17,000 per 30-second spot in 1975 to $175,000 in 1982

60 Minutes
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Opening sequence (2006–present)
60 Minutes
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Since 1968, the opening of 60 Minutes features a stopwatch. The Aristo (Heuer) design first appeared in 1978. On October 29, 2006, the background changed to red, the title text color changed to white, and the stopwatch was shifted to the upright position. This version was used from 1992 to 2006 (the Eurostile font text was changed in 1998).
60 Minutes
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Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Norton A. Schwartz in an interview with Lara Logan, April 15, 2009.

47.
Life in the Fast Lane
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Life in the Fast Lane is a song written by Joe Walsh, Glenn Frey and Don Henley and recorded by the American rock band the Eagles on their 1976 studio album Hotel California. It was the single released from this album, and peaked at No.11 on the Billboard Hot 100. It tells the story of a couple that takes their excessive lifestyle to the edge, on In the Studio with Redbeard, Glenn Frey revealed that the title came to him one day when he was riding on the freeway with a drug dealer known as The Count. Frey asked the dealer to slow down and the response was and its life in the fast lane. In that same interview, Frey indicated that the central riff was played by Walsh while the band was warming up in rehearsals and Walsh was told to keep that. Don Henley recalled that the song actually sprang from the guitar riff. One day, at rehearsal, Joe just busted out that crazy riff, weve got to figure out to make a song out of that. Henley and Frey then primarily wrote the lyrics, in 2016, the editors of Rolling Stone rated Life in the Fast Lane as the Eagles 8th greatest song. Eagles guitarist Joe Walsh plays the song on his solo tours, in 2007, Jill Johnson recorded the song on her album Music Row. The track Livin It Up on Limp Bizkits album Chocolate Starfish, Frey, Henley, and Walsh are credited in the lyrics by portion of the liner notes. The songs title was the inspiration for Life on the Fast Lane, rascal Flatts and Carrie Underwood sang the song at the 2007 Grammy Awards. The song was used as the soundtrack for the roller coaster Eagles-Life in the Fast Lane and it was SBNO, but reopened on May 23,2009, as The Iron Horse. The song is featured on the 1978 FM soundtrack, in the film Fast Times at Ridgemont High a band covers the song at the graduation dance. This song is featured as a song for the video game Guitar Hero World Tour. The country music group Williams Riley released their version of the song to radio on August 23,2010. The super group Metal Allegiance released a version of the song with vocals by Alissa White-Gluz, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

Life in the Fast Lane
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"Life in the Fast Lane"

48.
The Very Best Of (Eagles album)
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The Very Best Of is a two-disc compilation album by the Eagles, released in 2003. The album debuted on the Billboard 200 on November 8,2003 at number 3 and it spent 62 weeks on the chart. The album was certified and awarded gold, platinum, and double platinum records by the RIAA on December 17,2003, the album has sold over 5 million units in the United States. As of December 2007, it has spent over 325 weeks in the Irish Album Charts, effectively not having left the chart since its release

The Very Best Of (Eagles album)
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The Very Best Of
The Very Best Of (Eagles album)
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European album cover

49.
Fleetwood Mac
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Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967. The band has more than 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the worlds best-selling bands of all time. In 1998, selected members of Fleetwood Mac were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, to date, the album has sold over 40 million copies worldwide, making it the eighth-highest-selling album of all time. Due to numerous changes, the only original member present in the band is drummer Mick Fleetwood. Keyboardist Christine McVie, who joined the band in 1970 while married to John McVie, has appeared on every album except the debut album and she left the band in 1998 but returned in 2014. Fleetwood Mac were formed in July 1967 in London when Peter Green left the British blues band John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, Peter Green had replaced guitarist Eric Clapton in the Bluesbreakers, and received critical acclaim for his work on their album A Hard Road. After he had been in the Bluesbreakers for some time, Green asked if drummer Mick Fleetwood could replace Aynsley Dunbar, Green had been in two bands with Fleetwood—Peter Bs Looners and the subsequent Shotgun Express. John Mayall agreed and Fleetwood became a member of the band, the Bluesbreakers now consisted of Green, Fleetwood, John McVie and Mayall. Mayall gave Green free recording time as a gift, in which Fleetwood, McVie, the fifth song was an instrumental which Green named after the rhythm section, Fleetwood Mac. Soon after, Green contacted Fleetwood to form a new band, the pair wanted McVie on bass guitar and even named the band Fleetwood Mac as a way to entice him. However, McVie opted to keep his income with Mayall rather than take a risk with a new band. The Green, Fleetwood, Spencer, Brunning version of the band made its debut on 13 August 1967 at the Windsor Jazz, Brunning merely played at a handful of gigs with Fleetwood Mac. Within weeks of this show, John McVie agreed to join the band as permanent bassist, Fleetwood Macs first album, Fleetwood Mac, was a no-frills blues album and was released on the Blue Horizon label in February 1968. In fact there were no players on the album. The album was successful in the UK, hitting No,4, though it did not have any singles on it. The band soon released two singles Black Magic Woman and Need Your Love So Bad, the bands second album, Mr. Wonderful, was released in August 1968. Like the first it was an album, but this time they made a few changes. The album was recorded live in the studio with miked amplifiers and PA system and this method provided the ideal environment for producing this style of music, and gave it an authentically vintage sound

50.
Eagles Live
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Eagles Live is the first live album by the American rock band Eagles, a two-LP set released on November 7,1980. However, the band owed Elektra/Asylum Records one more album and fulfilled that obligation with a release of performances from the Hotel California, the Eagles rejected a $2 million offer from the label to record two new songs for the album. The 1983 Rolling Stone Record Guide said it is perhaps the most heavily overdubbed in history, Seven Bridges Road, a Steve Young cover, was released as a single and became a top-40 hit. The song was a showcase for the close harmony singing. The album provides a document of the bands musical history. Five of the tracks were recorded in October 1976, during three performances at The Forum in Inglewood, California, the other 10 tracks were recorded in July 1980, from three shows in Santa Monica, California and one in Long Beach. Songs from each Eagles studio album except one are included, as well as two Walsh solo tracks and one song, the acoustic harmony-laden Seven Bridges Road. LP notes The album cover is the image of a band-equipment storage chest used during a concert tour and it includes two elements hinting at the Eagles breakup, The number 86 on both sides and MIA written on air-freight stickers on the back. The record labels were custom, showing a birds nest filled with eggs, ive gotta rest up for my monster The run-out groove of the fourth side did not fade to silence as was customary. Instead, the crowd noise continued into the final-loop groove, thus, for those listening on manual turntables, the applause would not end until the listener removed the stylus from the disc

Eagles Live
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Eagles Live

51.
East Troy, Wisconsin
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East Troy is a village in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 4,281 at the 2010 census, the village is located southeast of the Town of East Troy. A small portion extends into the adjacent Town of Troy, the village is surrounded by lakes, Booth Lake and Lake Beulah being the biggest and most popular. East Troy is located at 42°48′N 88°24′W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 4.51 square miles, of which,4.47 square miles of it is land and 0.04 square miles is water. East Troy is serviced by the East Troy Municipal Airport, as of the census of 2010, there were 4,281 people,1,737 households, and 1,125 families residing in the village. The population density was 957.7 inhabitants per square mile, there were 1,866 housing units at an average density of 417.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 95. 9% White,0. 4% African American,0. 5% Native American,0. 6% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,1. 1% from other races, and 1. 4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 0% of the population,29. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the family size was 3.04. The median age in the village was 36.1 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,28. 1% were from 25 to 44,25. 4% were from 45 to 64, and 12% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49. 1% male and 50. 9% female, at the 2000 census, there were 3,564 people,1,350 households and 984 families residing in the village. The population density was 986.6 per square mile, there were 1,396 housing units at an average density of 386.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 77% White,0. 17% Black or African American,0. 28% Native American,0. 53% Asian,1. 35% from other races,2. 95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 22. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.07. 27. 9% of the population were under the age of 18,7. 1% from 18 to 24,32. 3% from 25 to 44,19. 5% from 45 to 64, the median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 94.6 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males. The median household income was $48,397, and the family income was $54,422

East Troy, Wisconsin
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East Troy Village Square
East Troy, Wisconsin
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Location of East Troy, Wisconsin

52.
Randy Newman
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Randall Stuart Randy Newman is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, composer, and pianist who is known for his distinctive voice, mordant pop songs, and for film scores. Since the 1980s, Newman has worked mostly as a film composer and his film scores include Ragtime, Awakenings, The Natural, Leatherheads, Cats Dont Dance, Meet the Parents, Cold Turkey, and Seabiscuit. He has scored seven Disney-Pixar animated films, Toy Story, A Bugs Life, Toy Story 2, Monsters, cars, Toy Story 3, and Monsters University, as well as Disneys The Princess and the Frog and James and the Giant Peach. Newman has received twenty Academy Award nominations in the Best Original Score and he has also won three Emmys, six Grammy Awards, and the Governors Award from the Recording Academy. Newman was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002 for classics such as Short People, Newman was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2013. Newman was born in Los Angeles, the son of Adele Dixie, a secretary, and Irving George Newman and he lived in New Orleans as a small child and spent summers there until he was 11 years old, his family having by then returned to Los Angeles. Newman also shares the same birthday as his father, the paternal side of his family includes grandparents Luba and Michael Newman, and three uncles who were noted Hollywood film-score composers, Alfred Newman, Lionel Newman and Emil Newman. Newmans cousins Thomas, Maria, David, and Joey are also composers for motion pictures and he graduated from University High School in Los Angeles. Newman studied music at the University of California, Los Angeles and his parents were both from Jewish families, but Newmans household was not observant, he has since become an atheist. Newman has been a songwriter since he was 17. He cites Ray Charles as his greatest influence growing up, stating and his first single as a performer was 1962s Golden Gridiron Boy, released when he was 18. The single flopped and Newman chose to concentrate on songwriting and arranging for the several years. The Fleetwoods – Buried Treasure LP and cassette, released in 1982, included Newmans Whos Gonna Teach You About Love and his early songs were recorded by Gene Pitney, Jerry Butler, Petula Clark, Dusty Springfield, Jackie DeShannon, the OJays and Irma Thomas, among others. Price, who was enjoying success in England at the time championed Newman by featuring seven Randy Newman songs on his 1967 A Price on His Head album. In the mid-1960s, Newman was briefly a member of the band the Tikis, Newman kept a close musical relationship with Harpers Bizarre, offering them some of his own compositions, including Simon Smith and Happyland. The band recorded six Newman compositions during their initial career. In this period, Newman began a professional association with childhood friend Lenny Waronker. In 2011 Newman endorsed jazz singer Roseanna Vitros album, The Randy Newman Project, Newmans song compositions are represented by Downtown Music Publishing

53.
Little Criminals
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Little Criminals is a 1977 album by Randy Newman. Like most of Newmans work, the album eschews traditional pop-music themes in favor of musical story-telling, often featuring quirky characters, the first song on the album – Short People – became a hit single in its own right. The album itself peaked at #9 on the US Billboard 200 chart, some of the instrumental work and backing vocals on the album are performed by members of the Eagles. In particular, Glenn Frey played guitar on two tracks, Joe Walsh played guitar on three tracks, and Don Henley and Tim Schmit sang background vocals on one track each. Frey and J. D. Souther, who had earlier been the duo Longbranch Pennywhistle, Newman wrote, conducted and played keyboards on all tracks. Synthesizers were programmed by Michael Boddicker, theres one called Jolly Coppers on Parade which isnt an absolutely anti-police song. Maybe its even a fascist song, I didnt notice at the time. Theres also one about me as a cowboy called Rider in the Rain, theres also this song Short People. I like other ones on the better but the audiences go for that one. The song Baltimore was covered by Nina Simone, Nils Lofgren, The Tamlins, David Gray, Billy Mackenzie, Lianne La Havas, Jazmine Sullivan, in Germany Before the War was covered by British band Diesel Park West on their covers album God Only Knows in 1992. The song Ill Be Home, meanwhile, had written by Newman years previously. All tracks written by Randy Newman, Randy Newman - vocals, keyboards and synthesizer Michael Boddicker - additional synthesizer and synthesizer programming Short People –2,54 Backing Vocals, Glenn Frey, J. D. D

Little Criminals
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Little Criminals

54.
The Long Run (Eagles album)
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The Long Run is the sixth studio album by American rock group the Eagles. It was released in 1979, on Asylum in the United States and this was the first Eagles album to feature Timothy B. Schmit, who had replaced founding member Randy Meisner and this was the bands final studio album for Asylum Records. When released in September 1979, The Long Run debuted at No.2 on Billboards Pop Albums chart and it was their last No.1 album of the 1970s, and stood for eight weeks in the No.1 slot. The Long Run was first certified Platinum by the RIAA on February 1,1980 and it has sold more than eight million copies in the US. The album generated three Top 10 singles, Heartache Tonight, the title cut, and I Cant Tell You Why. 1, No.8 and No.8 respectively, the band also won a Grammy Award for Heartache Tonight. Also featured on the record was In the City, a song first recorded by their guitarist Joe Walsh for the soundtrack for The Warriors. If these were the keepers, what could the rejects have sounded like, the Long Run –3,42 Lead vocals by Don Henley, organ by Don Felder, slide guitar by Joe Walsh I Cant Tell You Why –4,56 Lead vocal by Timothy B

The Long Run (Eagles album)
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The Long Run

55.
Please Come Home for Christmas
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Please Come Home for Christmas is a Christmas song, released in 1960, by the American blues singer and pianist Charles Brown. Hitting Billboard’s Hot 100 chart in December 1961, the tune Brown co-wrote with Gene Redd peaked at position #76 and it appeared on the Christmas Singles chart for nine seasons, hitting #1 in 1972. It is sometimes referred to as Bells Will Be Ringing, which are the first four words of the song, Charles Brown - vocals, piano In 1978, the rock band Eagles covered and released the song as a holiday single. Their version peaked at #18 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 and this was the first Eagles song to feature Timothy B. The lineup features Don Henley, Glenn Frey, Joe Walsh, Schmit, originally released as a vinyl 7 single, it was re-released as a CD single in 1995, reaching #15 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. This version includes the lyrics bells will be ringing the sad, sad news as opposed to Browns original version which references the glad, glad news, Jon Bon Jovi also covered the song on the 1992 holiday album, A Very Special Christmas 2. A promo music video that featured supermodel Cindy Crawford was made to accompany that release. In 1994 the same recording was released as a charity single in Europe, the 1994 single release made the Top Ten in both UK and Ireland. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

Please Come Home for Christmas
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"Please Come Home for Christmas"
Please Come Home for Christmas

56.
Boz Scaggs
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William Royce Boz Scaggs is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Scaggs continues to write, record music, and tour, Scaggs was born in Canton, Ohio, the eldest child of a traveling salesman. Their family moved to McAlester, Oklahoma, then to Plano, Texas and he attended a Dallas private school, St. Marks School of Texas, where schoolmate Mal Buckner gave him the nickname Bosley, after learning guitar at the age of 12, he met Steve Miller at St. In 1959, he became the vocalist for Millers band, the Marksmen, the pair later attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison together, playing in blues bands like the Ardells and the Fabulous Knight Trains. Scaggs also had a stint with the band the Other Side with Mac MacLeod. Returning to the U. S. Scaggs promptly headed for the psychedelic music center of San Francisco in 1967. Linking up with Steve Miller again, he appeared on the Steve Miller Bands first two albums, Children of the Future and Sailor in 1968. Scaggs secured a contract with Atlantic Records in 1968, releasing his second album, Boz Scaggs, featuring the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section and session guitarist Duane Allman. Despite good reviews, this release achieved only moderate sales and he then briefly hooked up with Bay Area band Mother Earth in a supporting role on their second album Make a Joyful Noise on guitar and backup vocals. Scaggs then signed with Columbia Records, his first four albums for Columbia all charted, in 1976, using session musicians who would later form Toto, he recorded Silk Degrees. Lowdown sold over one million copies in the US, a sellout world tour followed, but his follow-up album in 1977 Down Two Then Left did not sell as well as Silk Degrees and neither of its singles reached the Top 40. Scaggs took a break from recording and his next LP, Other Roads. Heart of Mine, from Other Roads, is Scaggs last top-40 hit as of 2016, also in 1988, he opened the San Francisco nightclub Slims, and remained an owner of the venue as of 2011. From 1989 to 1992, Scaggs joined Donald Fagen, Phoebe Snow, Michael McDonald and others in The New York Rock and his next solo release was the album Some Change in 1994. He issued Come On Home, an album of rhythm and blues, and My Time, A Boz Scaggs Anthology and he garnered good reviews with Dig although the CD was released on September 11,2001. In May 2003, Scaggs released But Beautiful, a collection of standards that debuted at number one on the jazz chart. In 2008 he released Speak Low, which he described in the notes as a sort of progressive

Boz Scaggs
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In concert in 2006

57.
Long Beach, California
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Long Beach is the 36th most populous city in the United States and the 7th most populous in California. It is located on the Pacific Coast of the United States, as of 2010, its population was 462,257. Long Beach is the second largest city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the worlds largest shipping ports. The city also maintains a progressively declining oil industry with minor wells located both directly beneath the city as well as offshore, manufacturing sectors include those in aircraft, automotive parts, electronic equipment, audiovisual equipment, petrochemicals, precision metals and home furnishings. Long Beach lies in the corner of Los Angeles County. Downtown Long Beach is approximately 22 miles south of Downtown Los Angeles, indigenous people have lived in coastal Southern California for over 10,000 years, and several successive cultures have inhabited the present-day area of Long Beach. By the 16th-century arrival of Spanish explorers, the dominant group were the Tongva people and they had at least three major settlements within the present-day city. Tevaaxaanga was a settlement near the Los Angeles River, while Ahwaanga and Povuunga were coastal villages. Along with other Tongva villages, they were forced to relocate in the century due to missionization, political change. In 1784 the Spanish Empires King Carlos III granted Rancho Los Nietos to Spanish soldier Manuel Nieto, the Rancho Los Cerritos and Rancho Los Alamitos were divided from this territory. The boundary between the two ran through the center of Signal Hill on a southwest to northeast diagonal. A portion of western Long Beach was originally part of the Rancho San Pedro and its boundaries were in dispute for years, due to flooding changing the Los Angeles River boundary, between the ranchos of Juan Jose Dominguez and Manuel Nieto. In 1843 Jonathan Temple bought Rancho Los Cerritos, having arrived in California in 1827 from New England and he built what is now known as the Los Cerritos Ranch House, a still-standing adobe which is a National Historic Landmark. Temple created a cattle ranch and prospered, becoming the wealthiest man in Los Angeles County. Both Temple and his house played important local roles in the Mexican–American War. On an island in the San Pedro Bay, Mormon pioneers made an attempt to establish a colony. Two years previous Flint, Bixby & Co had also purchased along with Northern California associate James Irvine, to manage Rancho Los Cerritos, the company selected Lewellyns brother Jotham Bixby, the Father of Long Beach. Three years later Bixby bought into the property and would form the Bixby Land Company

58.
Seven Bridges Road
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Seven Bridges Road is a song written by American musician Steve Young, recorded in 1969 for his Rock Salt & Nails album. It has since covered by many artists, the best-known version being a five-part harmony arrangement by English musician Iain Matthews recorded by the American rock band Eagles in 1980. Spanish moss hung in the trees and there were old farms with old fences and graveyards and churches, a high-bank dirt road with trees. It seemed like a Disney fantasy at times, people went there to park or get stoned or just to get away from it all. I thought my friends had made up the name Seven Bridges Road, I found out later that it had been called by that name for over a hundred years. P. Austin, and that it was on the trip up Woodley Road that Young began the composition of Seven Bridges Road. Jimmy Evans, then Youngs room-mate and later Attorney General of Alabama, also endorses Woodley Road as being Youngs inspiration, Id go down to Orion a lot to listen to listen to. C. P. Austin. There seven wooden bridges and wed go out there a lot. I thought it was the most beautiful place around Montgomery that Id ever seen and that road was a cavern of moss, it looked like a tunnel. Evans specifically recalls the Woodley Road trip which occasioned Youngs writing Seven Bridges Road and we were in my Oldsmobile, and when I stopped Steve got out on the right side fender. We sat there a while, and he started writing down words, Evans recalls that after beginning to write the song on Woodley Road that night, Young completed his composition at the apartment he and Evans shared in Montgomerys Capitol Heights neighborhood. Youngs own recollection was that the version of Seven Bridges Road was put together over a period of several years. Then Id say nobody could relate to a song like this, Young did play a completed version of the song at a gig in Montgomery - according to Jimmy Evans, Youngs usual local performing venue was the Shady Grove club -, it got a big reaction. I was very surprised and thought it just because it was a local known thing, when Young did approach a Hollywood-based music publisher in 1969 with Seven Bridges Road he was advised the song wasnt commercial enough. Seven Bridges Road was not originally intended for inclusion on the Rock Salt & Nails album, in fact and he wanted me to be strictly a singer and interpreter of folk songs and country standards. However, in Youngs words, One day we ran out of songs to record in the studio, I started playing Seven Bridges Road. LiPuma interjected, You know I dont want to hear original stuff, but James Burton said, Hey, this song sounds good and it is ready, lets put it down. After it was recorded, LiPuma had to admit that, original or not, subsequent to the songs introduction on Rock Salt & Nails, Young remade the song twice, on his 1972 album entitled Seven Bridges Road and on his 1978 album No Place to Fall. In a 1981 interview Young would say of Seven Bridges Road, Consciously when I wrote it, it was just a song about a girl, now I think theres almost a mystical thing about it

Seven Bridges Road
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"Seven Bridges Road"

59.
Iain Matthews
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Iain Matthews is an English musician and songwriter. He was a singer with Fairport Convention before forming his own band, Matthews Southern Comfort, born in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, Matthews was known in the 1960s as Ian McDonald, then as Ian Matthews. In 1989, he reverted to the spelling of his first name. He later had a career and led the bands Plainsong, Hi-Fi, No Grey Faith, More Than A Song. Matthews grew up in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, England and he played football with Bradford Park Avenue. During the British pop music explosion of the mid-1960s, he sang with bands and moved to London in 1966. That year he formed a trio, The Pyramid, an English short-lived surf music band, a remaining song, Me About You, surfaced on Matthews Orphans & Outcasts Volume 3 in 1999. In the spring of 1967, Matthews was recruited by Ashley Hutchings as a male vocalist for Fairport Convention, in 1969 Matthews recorded his debut solo album, Matthews Southern Comfort, which was rooted in American country music and rockabilly. This was his first significant experience as a songwriter, although the band also did versions of Neil Young and Ian. He followed it up by forming a band using the name of his first album, Matthews Southern Comfort, then released albums Second Spring. The band went through different line-ups and toured extensively for the two years. They had one success, a 1970 cover version of Woodstock by Joni Mitchell was a number one hit single in the UK Singles Chart. It received heavy airplay in Canada, reaching No,5, as well as peaking at No.23 on the Billboard singles charts in the United States in 1971. Afterwards, Matthews left Southern Comfort, who went on to three albums of their own on Harvest Records. In 1971, Matthews recorded two albums, on Vertigo Records. Under the sponsorship of former Yardbird Paul Samwell-Smith, and surrounded by likeminded British semi-folkies, he formed Plainsong, in 1972 Plainsong released In Search of Amelia Earhart. The album included a cover of Dave McEnerys Amelia Earharts Last Flight, plus a song by Matthews, the song is based on research that suggests that Earhart may have been spying on Japanese bases in the Pacific islands. It also included Even the Guiding Light, an answer to Thompsons Meet on the Ledge, none of these met with commercial success

Iain Matthews
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Iain Matthews

60.
Dan Fogelberg
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He is best known for his early 1980s hits, including Longer, Leader of the Band, and Same Old Lang Syne. Dans mother was a Scottish immigrant, and his father was of Swedish descent and his father would later be the inspiration for the song, Leader of the Band. Using a Mel Bay course book, Dan taught himself to play a Hawaiian slide guitar that his grandfather gave him and he also learned to play the piano. At 14 he joined a band, The Clan, which covered The Beatles and his second band was another cover band, The Coachmen, who, in 1967, released two singles written by Fogelberg. They were cut at Golden Voice Recording studio in South Pekin, IL and he began performing as a solo acoustic player in area cafes. One of these included the Red Herring, which is where he made his first solo recordings as part of a festival in 1971. He was discovered by Irving Azoff, who started his management career promoting another Champaign-Urbana act. Azoff sent him to Nashville, Tennessee, to hone his skills, there he became a session musician and recorded his first album with producer Norbert Putnam. In 1972, Fogelberg released his debut album Home Free to lukewarm response and he performed as an opening act for Van Morrison. Fogelbergs second effort was more successful – the 1974 Joe Walsh-produced album Souvenirs. The song Part of the Plan became Fogelbergs first hit, after Souvenirs, he released a string of gold and platinum albums, including Captured Angel and Nether Lands. His 1978 Twin Sons of Different Mothers was the first of two collaborations with jazz flautist Tim Weisberg, which found success with songs such as The Power of Gold. Phoenix, from 1979, reached the Top 10, with Longer becoming a #2 pop hit in 1980, the track peaked at #59 on the UK Singles Chart – his sole entry on that chart. The album reached #42 on the UK Albums Chart, likewise his only entry there and it was followed by a Top 20 hit Heart Hotels. The Innocent Age, released in October 1981, was Fogelbergs critical and commercial peak, the double album included four of his biggest hits, Same Old Lang Syne, Hard to Say, Leader of the Band, and Run for the Roses. He drew inspiration for The Innocent Age from Thomas Wolfes novel Of Time, a 1982 greatest hits album contained two new songs, both of which were released as singles, Missing You and Make Love Stay. In 1984, he released the album Windows and Walls, containing the singles The Language of Love and Believe in Me, Fogelberg released High Country Snows in 1985. Recorded in Nashville, it showcased his and some of the industrys best talent in bluegrass, vince Gill, Ricky Skaggs, Doc Watson, Jerry Douglas, David Grisman, Chris Hillman, and Herb Pedersen contributed to the record

Dan Fogelberg
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Fogelberg in 1974.

61.
John Entwistle
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John Alec Entwistle was an English singer, songwriter, composer, musician, film and music producer. In a music career spanned more than 40 years, Entwistle was best known as the original bass guitarist for the English rock band the Who. He was the member of the band to have formal musical training. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Who in 1990, Entwistles instrumental approach used pentatonic lead lines, and a then-unusual treble-rich sound created by roundwound RotoSound steel bass strings. He was nicknamed The Ox and Thunderfingers, the latter because his digits became a blur across the four-string fretboard, in 2011, he was voted as the greatest bass guitarist of all time in a Rolling Stone magazine readers poll. John Alec Entwistle was born on 9 October 1944 in Chiswick and his father, Herbert, played the trumpet and his mother, Maud, played the piano. His parents marriage failed soon after he was born, and he was raised by his mother at his grandparents house in South Acton. Divorce was uncommon in the 1940s, and this contributed to Entwistle becoming reserved and his musical career began aged 7, when he started taking piano lessons. He did not enjoy the experience and after joining Acton County Grammar School aged 11, switched to the trumpet and he met Pete Townshend in the second year of school, and the two formed a trad jazz band, the Confederates. The group only played one gig together, before decided that rock n roll was a more attractive prospect. He made his own instrument at home, and soon attracted the attention of Roger Daltrey, who had been the year above Entwistle at Acton County, Daltrey was aware of Entwistle from school, and asked him to join as a bass guitarist for his band, the Detours. After joining the Detours, Entwistle played a role in encouraging Pete Townshends budding talent on the guitar. Eventually, Roger Daltrey fired all the members of his band with the exception of Entwistle, Townshend and the drummer, Doug Sandom, Roger Daltrey relinquished the role of guitarist to Pete Townshend in 1963, instead becoming frontman and lead singer. The band considered several changes of name, and finally settling on the name the Who while Entwistle was still working as a tax clerk. When the band decided that the blond Roger Daltrey needed to stand out more from the others, Entwistle dyed his naturally brown hair black. Around 1963, Entwistle played in a London band called the Initials for a short while and it also housed one of the largest guitar collections belonging to any rock musician. Entwistle picked up two nicknames during his career as a musician and he was nicknamed The Ox because of his strong constitution and seeming ability to Eat, drink or do more than the rest of them. He was also later nicknamed Thunderfingers, bill Wyman, bass guitarist for the Rolling Stones, described him as the quietest man in private but the loudest man on stage

John Entwistle
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John Entwistle in 1976
John Entwistle
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Entwistle backstage with The Who, 1967
John Entwistle
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Entwistle playing at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto 1976

62.
Old Wave
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Old Wave is the ninth studio album by the Beatles former drummer, Ringo Starr. It was originally released in June 1983, on the label Bellaphon, the title is a play on new wave music. After John Lennons murder in late 1980, Starr returned home to England to live at Tittenhurst Park, in early 1982, Starr was eager to move on to his next solo project. Deciding that he needed more consistency this time around, he would work with one producer, Joe Walsh. Walsh and Starr had known each other since the mid-1970s, having met, Walsh immediately agreed to work with Starr and they met at Tittenhurst in February to begin writing material. Recording shortly afterwards begun and instrumental backing tracks for seven songs were recorded at Startling Studios, engineering duties were handled by Jim Nipor. These sessions were mainly done with a team consisting of Starr on drums and percussion, Walsh on guitar and backing vocals, Mo Foster on bass and keyboardists Gary Brooker, sessions came to a halt when Walsh and Nipor went to California on 19 March. Sessions recommenced on 6 April for a few days until 16 April, on 15 April, Rolling Stone broke the news that Starr was in London working on a new album with Joe Walsh acting as the producer. Lead vocals were laid down from 19 to 23 April, sometime in May, Starr requested permission to build a new building on his Tittenhurst Park land, which he would use for video and recording purposes, from Windsor and Maidenhead District Council. Sessions resumed from 31 May until 10 June, the day, taking the masters recorded up to that point with him, Starr and his wife Barbara Bach fly from London to Los Angeles. The album was finished with a batch of sessions from 24 June into early July. Everybodys in a Hurry But Me came about from a jam session between the Whos former bassist, John Entwistle, drummer and percussionist Ray Cooper and also Creams former guitarist, Eric Clapton. As Far as We Can Go, the track on the album, was originally recorded at Sweet Silence Studios, in Copenhagen, Denmark. The album was originally titled It Beats Sleep, the album cover was taken in a booth in northern England. As Starrs RCA contract had been cancelled, he needed to find a new label for Old Wave, though it was just over a decade after The Beatles dissolution, no major UK or US record company was interested in signing him. Starr would not accept that and was determined to have Old Wave released any way he could, the album was due to be released on the Boardwalk label, but never appeared due to the death of the labels head, Neil Bogart. The Canadian release of the album occurred on 24 June, however, Old Wave failed to achieve success in any of these territories, and would be Starrs last studio album until 1992s Time Takes Time. The two singles pulled from the album, one in Germany, In My Car, backed with As Far as We Can Go, and the other in Mexico

Old Wave
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Old Wave

63.
Leather and Lace (song)
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Leather and Lace is a song performed by American singers Stevie Nicks and Don Henley. It was released in October 1981 as the single from Nicks 1981 solo debut album Bella Donna. Nicks wrote the song for Waylon Jennings and Jessi Colters duet album Leather and Lace, Nicks version, a duet with Eagles singer Don Henley, peaked at No.6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for three weeks in January 1982. A cover of the song was performed in 2008 by Sara Evans, the song was used in the CBS drama Cold Case, in the last episode of season 1, Lovers Lane. The song was covered by ameripolitan singer Elizabeth Cook and Aaron Watson for the 2012 Hearts Across Texas album, the song was also used in the FX drama American Horror Story, Coven, in episode 6, The Axeman Cometh. The song was used in the HBO drama Togetherness, in episode 1. Jeffery Austin and Gwen Stefani released a cover of the song on December 14,2015, joel Whitburns Top Pop Singles 1955-2008,12 Edition

Leather and Lace (song)
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"Leather and Lace"

64.
The Boys of Summer (song)
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The Boys of Summer is a song released in 1984 by Eagles vocalist and drummer Don Henley, with lyrics written by Henley and music composed by Henley and Mike Campbell. The songs music video won many awards, the Boys of Summer was also performed live by Henley with the reunited Eagles, such a version is included on the groups 2005 Farewell 1 Tour - Live from Melbourne DVD. Henleys song is cemented by Campbells 1-7-5 repetitive riff over a chord pattern. Superficially, the song appears to be about the passing of youth and entering middle age, with the theme of summer love apparent in the choruses, the Boys of Summer is written in the key of E minor. Both Love Is A Battlefield and The Boys of Summer rely heavily on the Linn LM-2 drum machine, the Boys of Summer reached number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Billboard Top Rock Tracks chart for five weeks. It was also a hit in the United Kingdom, reaching number 12 on the UK Singles Chart, a re-release of the single in 1998 also reached #12. In 1986, Henley won the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for the song, the Boys of Summer was ranked #416 on Rolling Stone magazines list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The Boys of Summer is included in The Pitchfork 500, Pitchfork Medias Guide to the Greatest Songs from Punk to Present, the music video to The Boys of Summer is a French New Wave-influenced piece directed by Jean-Baptiste Mondino. Shot in black-and-white, it shows the character of the song at three different stages of life, in each case reminiscing about the past relationship. This is shown during the line A little voice inside my head said dont look back, you can never look back at which point, the young boy in the video, played by seven-year-old Josh Paul, resembles a young Don Henley. The girl in the video is played by Audie England. Interspersed with these scenes are segments of Henley miming the words of the song while driving in a convertible, at its conclusion, the video uses the post-modern concept of exposing its own workings, as with a wry expression Henley drives the car away from a rear projection screen. The video won the Video of the Year at the 1985 MTV Video Music Awards and it also won that years awards for Best Direction, Best Art Direction, and Best Cinematography. The Best Direction award was presented to Mondino by Henleys then-former Eagles bandmate Glenn Frey, codesevens album A Sense of Coalition gained popularity on college radio stations for a cover of The Boys of Summer. In 2002, Spanish trance artist DJ Sammy covered the song and it was released in November 2002 as the third and last single released from the album Heaven. This cover peaked at number 2 in the United Kingdom and it was certificated Platinum by RIANZ. The music video was filmed in Valencia, Spain and was released in November 2002. Boys Of Summer -3,58 Boys Of Summer -6,33 Boys Of Summer -8,08 Appalachian Fall -4,54 In 2003, the song became their second single when a radio station began to play it

The Boys of Summer (song)
The Boys of Summer (song)
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"The Boys of Summer"
The Boys of Summer (song)

65.
Sunset Grill (song)
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Sunset Grill is a song by Don Henley from his 1984 album Building the Perfect Beast. The song peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Top Rock Tracks chart in January 1985, released as the fourth single from the album in August 1985, it peaked at number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 in October 1985. Patty Smyth sings harmony vocals on this song, while Pino Palladino plays fretless bass, randy Newman arranged the synthesizer programming for the song. The title and lyrics of the reference the Sunset Grill. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

Sunset Grill (song)
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"Sunset Grill"

66.
The End of the Innocence (album)
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The End of the Innocence is the third solo studio album by Don Henley, the lead vocalist and drummer for the Eagles. The album was released in 1989, on Geffen Records, and it was also his last solo album of the 1980s and it would be eleven years before he released another solo album, until 2000s Inside Job. The album is his best selling album, selling over 6 million copies in the United States alone, the album featured three Top 40 singles The End of the Innocence, The Heart of the Matter, and The Last Worthless Evening. Those singles reached #8, #21, and #21 respectively, the album also featured New York Minute which reached #48 on the charts and was recorded by Henley and the Eagles for their live album Hell Freezes Over in 1994. Henley won another Grammy and an MTV Video Music Award for the title track, in 2003, the album was ranked at number 389 on the Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The song I Will Not Go Quietly features Guns N Roses vocalist Axl Rose in the background, reviewing retrospectively for AllMusic, critic Vik Iyengar has written of the album, Henley took some time before completing his highly anticipated third album, The End of the Innocence. Although he manages to duplicate much of the magic of his previous album, Henley has backed off of the synthesizers and they also add that Throughout the album, he manages to balance being cynical yet hopeful, and his great melodies allow his poignant lyrics to penetrate. This album is highly recommended for those who like their pop music with a message. D. J, jaczko Mastered By Stephen Marcussen at Precision Lacquer Singles Grammy Awards

The End of the Innocence (album)
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The End of the Innocence

67.
The End of the Innocence (song)
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The End of the Innocence is the lead single and title track from Don Henleys third solo studio album of the same name, released in 1989. Henley co-wrote and co-produced the song with Bruce Hornsby, who performed piano. Henleys version peaked at eight on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming his fifth solo top ten hit on the chart. The End of the Innocence also became his fourth single on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song features Wayne Shorter on saxophone, Henleys lyrics take the form of a personal remembrance related to a close friend or companion, and evoke a powerful sense of nostalgia for the lost innocence of childhood and an earlier time. The music was written by Bruce Hornsby years before, the references to the place where we can go refer to his 50-acre ranch outside of Aspen, Colorado off Woody Creek Rd. The black and white music video for the song was directed by film director David Fincher. There are two comments in the video. At the line armchair warriors often fail, it shows a TV set showing scenes of the testimony of Oliver North. At the line theyre beating plowshares into swords, for the old man that we elected king. After Reagan had left office, Bruce Hornsby began singing his version with the line for the old man that is no longer king. Also in the video, there are shots of Henley singing in front of the Texas School Book Depository in Dealey Plaza, to Henley, this is where the end of the innocence can be found

The End of the Innocence (song)
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"The End of the Innocence"

68.
The Heart of the Matter (song)
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The Heart of the Matter is a song recorded by American rock singer Don Henley from his third solo studio album, The End of the Innocence. Written by Henley, Mike Campbell, and J. D, the song was covered by American soul singer India. Arie in 2006 on her third studio album, Testimony, Vol.1, Life & Relationship. Her version of the song is used in the episode of Brothers & Sisters, entitled An Act of Will, and in the theatrical trailer for the 2008 film adaptation of Sex. It is also played briefly in a scene of the film, the song has often been speculated to have been influenced by the 1948 Graham Greene novel of same name. In 2010, best-selling author Emily Giffin released preview copies of her novel, also titled Heart Of The Matter, stage and television actress Megan Hilty recorded a cover on her 2013 debut solo album It Happens All the Time. Canadian singer Nikki Yanofsky recorded an acoustic cover for her 2010 DVD Live in Montreal. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

The Heart of the Matter (song)
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"The Heart of the Matter"

69.
No Fun Aloud
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No Fun Aloud is the debut studio solo album by Glenn Frey, the guitarist for the Eagles. The album was released in May 1982 on Asylum in the US, upon release, the album was received fairly well by the majority of music critics and became a moderate commercial success. The album reached #32 on the charts and featured two top 40 singles with The One You Love and I Found Somebody, the album was certified Gold by the RIAA, selling over 500,000 copies in the United States alone. Writing retrospectively for AllMusic, critic Mike DeGagne wrote of the album its Freys perfectly guided vocals, and he also praises that With Freys own production assistance, No Fun Aloud stands up as a modest debut album. All songs by Glenn Frey and Jack Tempchin, except where noted. R

No Fun Aloud
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No Fun Aloud

70.
Ghostbusters II
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It is the sequel to the 1984 film Ghostbusters, and follows the further adventures of the three parapsychologists and their organization which combats paranormal activities. Despite generally mixed reviews critics, the film grossed $112.5 million in the United States and $215.4 million worldwide. Peters former girlfriend Dana Barrett has had a son, Oscar, with an ex-husband, after an incident in which Oscars baby carriage is controlled by an unseen force and drawn to a busy junction, Dana turns to the Ghostbusters for help. Meanwhile, Danas colleague Dr. Janosz Poha is indoctrinated by the spirit of Vigo the Carpathian, Vigo orders Janosz to locate a child that Vigo can possess, allowing him to return to life on the New Year. The Ghostbusters investigation leads them to illegally excavate First Avenue at the point where the carriage stopped. Lowered underneath, Ray discovers a river of pink slime filling an abandoned pneumatic transit line, attacked by the slime after obtaining a sample, Ray accidentally causes a city-wide blackout, and the Ghostbusters are arrested. The Ghostbusters imprison the ghosts in exchange for the dismissal of all charges, later, the slime invades Danas apartment and attacks her and Oscar. She seeks refuge with Peter, and the two begin to renew their relationship, investigating the slime and Vigos history, the Ghostbusters discover that the slime reacts to emotions, and suspect that it has been generated by the negative attitudes of New Yorkers. While Peter and Dana have dinner together, Egon, Ray, while measuring the depth, Winston gets pulled into the flowing river, and Ray and Egon jump in after him. After they escape back to the surface Ray and Winston begin arguing and they also learn the river is flowing directly to the museum. Meanwhile, a spirit resembling Janosz kidnaps Oscar from Peters apartment, after she enters, the museum is covered with a barrier of impenetrable slime. New Years Eve sees an increase of supernatural activity as the slime rises from the subway line and onto the city streets. In response, the mayor fires Hardemeyer and has the Ghostbusters released, after heading to the museum, they are unable to breach the power of the slime barrier with their proton packs. As they arrive at the museum, the slime begins to recede and they use the Statues torch to break through the ceiling to attack Vigo. Janosz is neutralized with positively-charged slime, but Vigo immobilizes the Ghostbusters, a chorus of Auld Lang Syne by the citizens outside weakens Vigo, returning him to the painting and freeing the Ghostbusters. Vigo momentarily possesses Ray, and the other Ghostbusters attack him with a combination of proton streams, dressed in full Ghostbusters attire, Louis attacks the weakened slime barrier around the building with a proton stream of his own. This combination destroys Vigo and changes the painting to a likeness of the four Ghostbusters standing protectively around Oscar, outside, the Ghostbusters receive a standing ovation from the crowd and, at a later ceremony to restore the Statue, the Key to the City from the mayor. Jason Reitman, son of director Ivan Reitman, plays the boy who insults the Ghostbusters at a birthday party, cheech Marin is the dock supervisor who witnesses the arrival of the Titanic, and Philip Baker Hall is the city police chief

71.
David Crosby
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David Van Cortlandt Crosby is an American singer-songwriter. In addition to his career, he was a founding member of both the Byrds and Crosby, Stills & Nash. He wrote or co-wrote Lady Friend, Why, and Eight Miles High with the Byrds and Guinnevere, Wooden Ships, Shadow Captain and he wrote Almost Cut My Hair and the title track Déjà Vu for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Youngs 1970 album. He is known for his use of guitar tunings and jazz influences. Crosby has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, once for his work in the Byrds, five albums he contributed to are included in Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, three with the Byrds and two with CSN. He has been depicted as emblematic of the 1960s counterculture, David Van Cortlandt Crosby was born in Los Angeles, California. His parents were Aliph Van Cortlandt Whitehead and Floyd Crosby, an Academy Award–winning cinematographer and he is also the younger brother of musician Ethan Crosby. At Crane, he starred in HMS Pinafore and other musicals but was asked not to return because of his lack of academic progress and he graduated from the Cate School in Carpinteria, completing his secondary studies by correspondence. In 1960, his parents divorced, and his father remarried Betty Andrews Crosby, Crosby briefly studied drama at Santa Barbara City College before dropping out to pursue a career in music. He moved toward the Greenwich Village scene, with the help of producer Jim Dickson, Crosby recorded his first solo session in 1963. Crosby joined Jim McGuinn and Gene Clark, who were named the Jet Set. They were augmented by drummer Michael Clarke, at which point Crosby attempted, unsuccessfully, late in 1964, Chris Hillman joined as bassist, and Crosby relieved Gene Clark of rhythm guitar duties. The song turned into a hit, reaching number one in the charts in the United States. While McGuinn originated the Byrds trademark 12-string guitar sound, Crosby was responsible for the soaring harmonies, in 1966, Gene Clark, who then was the bands primary songwriter, left the group because of stress. This placed all the groups songwriting responsibilities in the hands of McGuinn, Crosby, Crosby took the opportunity to hone his craft and soon became a prolific songwriter. His early Byrds efforts included the 1966 hit Eight Miles High, because Crosby felt responsible for and was widely credited with popularizing the song Hey Joe, he persuaded the other members of the Byrds to record it on Fifth Dimension. By Younger Than Yesterday, the Byrds 1967 album, Crosby clearly began to find his trademark style, friction between Crosby and the other Byrds came to a head in mid-1967. Tensions were high after the Monterey Pop Festival in June, when Crosbys onstage political diatribes between songs elicited rancor from McGuinn and Hillman

David Crosby
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Crosby performing in 2012 with Crosby, Stills & Nash
David Crosby
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Crosby in a 1974 performance
David Crosby
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Crosby on stage during a 1976 Crosby & Nash show at the Frost Amphitheater, Stanford University Courtesy: David Gans
David Crosby
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Crosby playing Occupy Wall Street, November 2011

72.
Montreux Jazz Festival
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The Montreux Jazz Festival is a music festival in Switzerland, held annually in early July in Montreux on the Lake Geneva shoreline. It is the second largest annual festival in the world after Canadas Montreal International Jazz Festival. The Montreux Jazz Festival was founded in 1967 by Claude Nobs, Géo Voumard and René Langel with considerable help from Ahmet, the festival was first held at Montreux Casino. It lasted for three days and featured almost exclusively jazz artists, the highlights of this era were Miles Davis, Keith Jarrett, Jack DeJohnette, Bill Evans, Soft Machine, Weather Report, The Fourth Way, Nina Simone, Jan Garbarek, and Ella Fitzgerald. Originally a pure jazz festival, it opened up in the 1970s, Jazz remains an important part of the festival. Part of the expansion was due to coproduction by Quincy Jones who brought many international artists in the early 1990s. Todays festival lasts two weeks and attracts an audience of more than 200,000 people. Towards the end of the decade, the festival expanded even more, including music from all continents, santana came to Montreux for the first time in 1970, Van Morrison played in 1974 and 1980. The initiator and, until his death in 2013, the head organizer, Claude Nobs, managed to bring an array of artists to Montreux. Following Claudes death the organisation of the festival was handed over to Mathieu Jaton, the festival was originally held at the original Montreux Casino, which burned down in December 1971 during Frank Zappas performance. The festival was then in other auditoriums in Montreux, until it could return to the rebuilt new Casino in 1975. The festival continued to grow, and in 1993, it moved to the larger Congress, from 1995 through 2008, it occupied both the convention centre and the casino. As of 2007, the Convention Centre hosts two stages, Auditorium Stravinski and Miles Davis Hall, as well as the smaller Montreux Jazz Cafe. Additional themed shows are held on boats cruising the lake and train cars traveling the region, the festival changed in the 1980s, it grew dramatically and included an even wider variety of music styles. Jazz remained important, as did Brazilian music, but more and more rock, Miles Davis came to Montreux several times, British hard rock band Deep Purple were invited as headliners eight times, and Status Quo have headlined the festival twice. The expansion that began in the 1980s has continued since then – Montreux transformed from a jazz festival into a music festival. Quincy Jones co-produced the festival from 1991 to 1993, by 1993, the festival had outgrown the Casino and moved to the larger Convention Centre. The number of visitors rose from 75,000 in 1980 to 120,000 in 1994, in 1999, the festival saw more than 220,000 visitors

73.
Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles
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Common Thread, The Songs of the Eagles is a tribute album to American rock band the Eagles. It was released in 1993 on Giant Records to raise funds for the Walden Woods Project, the album features covers of various Eagles songs, as performed by country music acts. It was certified 3× Platinum in the United States by the RIAA on June 27,1994, the video for the cover of Take It Easy by Travis Tritt featured the former members of the Eagles, the first time that the group had appeared together in 13 years. Two months after recording the video, Glenn Frey and Don Henley decided on the reunion of the Eagles. The album was initiated by Eagles co-founder Don Henley with help from the bands manager and it was intended as a charity album to raise funds for the Walden Woods Project that Henley founded in 1990 to buy the land around Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts. On the back cover of the album, it states, A portion of the royalties from the sales of this collections will go to the Walden Woods Project, a non-profit organization founded in 1990. The idea for a charity album with country musicians came after a Walden Woods benefit concert in Los Angeles in May 1992 where several artists also appeared. Later in the year at the 1992 Country Music Awards show, where Henley appeared with Trisha Yearwood in a duet, a number of artists told Henley how the Eagles’ music had inspired them. Henley and Azoff then decided that the project may be feasible, and with the help of record producer James Stroud, the Eagles themselves were not involved as a band in this project, however, and none of its members played on the album, although Timothy B. Schmit provided harmony vocals for Vince Gills rendition of I Cant Tell You Why, the most notable track in the album was the cover of Take It Easy by Travis Tritt. The song reached No.21 on the US Country chart, for the music video of his rendition of Take It Easy, Tritt requested that Eagles join him for the filming, and the resulting video featured the full Long Run-era lineup of the Eagles. It would be the first time since disbanding in 1980 that the five members of the band appeared together and their appearance on the video subsequently led to the band being officially reformed. Both Frey and Henley met with their management over lunch two months later and agreed to a reunion, and a new album, Hell Freezes Over, was released and a concert tour launched the following year. Frey, who had previously been reluctant to reunite with the band, later said of the making of the video, After years passed, I just remembered how much we genuinely had liked each other and how much fun wed had

Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles
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Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles

74.
Timothy Drury
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Timothy Drury is an American keyboardist, guitarist and vocalist. He was the player in rock band Whitesnake until September 2010. He is the son of actor James Drury and he got his big break-through when he was asked to play keyboards on Don Henleys End of the Innocence tour in 1989. Since that time he has been touring with musicians and bands such as the Eagles, Don Felder, Bryan Adams, Melissa Etheridge. He co-wrote Don Henleys single, Everything is Different Now, and co-wrote a song on Stevie Nicks record, That Made Me Stronger, Drury toured as a member of Whitesnake on their extensive world tour to promote their record, Good To Be Bad. He performed on their latest 2011 album Forevermore, Drury is currently touring as keyboardist for Don Felder. Drury performed on Felders latest record Road to Forever and he co-wrote 9 songs on the album, including the single Wash Away, with Felder, Styxs Tommy Shaw and Matt Bissonette. Other notable projects include film and television music composing and the creation of an opera with Jon Anderson. His latest instrumental record, The Crossing can be heard on iTunes and this record is in wide release in Europe and has been played extensively in the U. S. on the Weather Channel. Drury appeared and performed on the August 12,2010 episode of John Wants Answers and he is also a black and white art photographer

Timothy Drury
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Timothy Drury

75.
Get Over It (Eagles song)
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Get Over It is a song by the Eagles released as a single after a fourteen-year breakup. It was also the first song written by bandmates Don Henley, get Over It was played live for the first time during their Hell Freezes Over tour in 1994. It returned the band to the U. S, Top 40 after a fourteen-year absence, peaking at No.31 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also hit No.4 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, the song was not played live by the Eagles after the Hell Freezes Over tour in 1994. It remains the groups last Top 40 hit in the U. S, Don Henley, Lead vocals, drums Glenn Frey, Lead and rhythm guitar, backing vocals Don Felder, Lead and rhythm guitar Joe Walsh, Slide guitar Timothy B. Schmit, Bass guitar, backing vocals Scott F. Crago, drums

Get Over It (Eagles song)
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"Get Over It"

76.
Hyperion Books
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Hyperion Books is a general-interest book publisher of the Hachette established in 1990. Hyperion publishes general-interest fiction and non-fiction books for adults under the imprints, Hyperion Audio, Hyperion eBooks, Hyperion East. A former subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, it is named after Hyperion Avenue, the Disney Book Group publishes childrens books under the Disney-Hyperion name. Hyperion is the home of about 250 bestselling novels, including Mitch Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven, Hyperions strategy is to not purchase backlists, to go after newer or lesser known authors and to capitalized on Disney talent and products. Hyperion Books was founded in 1990 from scratch with no backlist by Disneys Michael Eisner, Hyperion Books for Children and Disney Press were launched in 1990 too. The Disney Publishing Group was incorporated in January 1992 and included the already formed Hyperion Books, Hyperion Books for Children, Disney Press and other units. Hyperion took losses until 1994 when it published its most successful book to date, in March 1995 with the market too crowded with Disney books, Hyperion Books for Children merged with Disney Press. Hyperion Books for Children started a new imprint, Jump at the Sun, in April 1999, Hyperion Books sans its for children stable mate was transferred to Disneys ABC Group. In May 2004, Hyperion and Wenner Media agreed to a publishing, in June 2013, Hachette announced that it would acquire Hyperion from Disney. In the deal, Hachette will take on Hyperions adult trade list including works by Mitch Albom, Hyperions books related to existing Disney–ABC Television Group properties and young adult titles will join the Disney-Hyperion imprint at Disney Publishing Worldwide. Scar Tissue by Anthony Kiedis The Ghost and The Goth by Stacey Kade The Five People You Meet in Heaven by Mitch Albom Always Looking Up by Michael J. Entertaining with

Hyperion Books
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Hyperion Books

77.
Farewell 1 Tour-Live from Melbourne
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Farewell 1 Tour - Live from Melbourne is a double DVD by Eagles, released in 2005. It was filmed in Melbourne, Australia at the Rod Laver Arena on the 14,15 and 17 of November 2004, in the same name tour and it is the second record featuring the Eagles as quartet but it did feature a horn section. There is a sort of honesty in calling the tour Farewell 1, in November 2006, the DVD was re-issued at Wal-Mart stores with a bonus 3-track CD which are tasters of the bands upcoming studio album. The tracks are a version of Freys No More Cloudy Days, the Henley/Frey penned rocker Fast Company. In 2013 it was released as a single Blu-ray disc

Farewell 1 Tour-Live from Melbourne
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DVD cover

78.
How Long (J. D. Souther song)
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How Long is an anti-war protest song by American singer-songwriter J. D. Souther. Written in 1971 as a reaction against the Vietnam War, it was recorded by Souther for his 1972 debut solo album. It was given a release as a promotional 7-inch 45 rpm single in 1972 with Southers The Fast One on the B-side. The Eagles, longtime friends and collaborators with Souther, frequently performed How Long in concert during the early, in 2007, the band covered the song for their album Long Road Out of Eden, the groups first full studio album since 1979. A year later, their version of the won the Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. It was the bands first Grammy since 1979, music video on Eagles official Vevo channel on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

How Long (J. D. Souther song)
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"How Long"

79.
CMT (U.S. TV channel)
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Its name is an initialism for Country Music Television, which has since been de-emphasized. It was the first nationally available cable channel devoted to country music, programming on the channel originally focused on country music, including music videos, taped concerts and biographies of country music stars. CMTs current programming now consists of original reality programs and scripted series, off-network syndicated shows. As of February 2015, approximately 86,989,000 American households receive CMT, CMTV, an initialism of Country Music Television, was founded by Glenn D. Daniels, the owner of Video World Productions in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Daniels put together the group of Telestar Corporation and the Blinder Robinson & Company investment bank in a three-way split. Daniels also served as the director and the first president of the network. The network launched on March 5,1983, at 6,19 p. m. CT, beating its chief competitor, TNN, the first video clip to air on CMT was Faron Youngs 1971 hit Its Four in the Morning. The following summer, MTV filed an infringement lawsuit over the initials CMTV. In 1991, Opryland USA and its owner Gaylord Entertainment Company acquired CMT in a $34 million deal, the network was sold by a group led by radio station owner Robert Sillerman and record producer James Guercio. Opryland USA and owner Gaylord also owned CMTs competitor The Nashville Network, in October 1992, CMT launched its first international channel, CMT Europe, as part of the Sky Multichannels package. By 1998, Gaylord reported $10 million in losses from CMT Europe, Gaylord had planned to emulate the successful model created by E. by selling large programming blocks to other European channels, but these plans never occurred. All shows eventually were cancelled by 2001, in 1995, CMT dropped all videos by Canadian artists without U. S. record contracts in response to the network being replaced in Canada by Calgary, Alberta-based New Country Network. By March 1996, CMT had eventually returned the dropped videos to its playlist after reaching an agreement to acquire a 20% ownership of New Country Network, in 1997, both CMT and TNN were sold to Westinghouse, then-owner of CBS for a reported $1.5 billion. In 1999, Viacom acquired CBS, assuming ownership of CMT and TNN, Viacom also changed the format of CMT, modeling it after sister networks MTV and VH1 to include series and movies, in addition to music videos. Despite the decrease in music videos, CMT has experienced significant ratings gains since its acquisition by MTV Networks in 1999, by 2007, the channel was available in more than 83 million homes. As of 2009, the network now reaches 88 million homes, on April 4,2012, CMT announced its first cartoon series, Bounty Hunters, featuring the voices of Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy and Bill Engvall who also serve as executive producers. CMT also announced that it would air Trinity 911, a 10-episode workplace docu-comedy that follows the police force in a small Texas town, Trinity 911 was later renamed Big Texas Heat and removed from the schedule after airing four episodes. CMTs current programming consists of entertainment programming, movies and reality shows

80.
CNN
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The Cable News Network is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. It was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel, upon its launch, CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage, and was the first all-news television channel in the United States. While the news channel has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts from the Time Warner Center in New York City and its headquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta is only used for weekend programming. CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U. S. to distinguish the American channel from its sister network. As of August 2010, CNN is available in over 100 million U. S. households, broadcast coverage of the U. S. channel extends to over 890,000 American hotel rooms, as well as carriage on cable and satellite providers throughout Canada. Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories, as of February 2015, CNN is available to about 96,289,000 cable, satellite, and telco television households in the United States. The Cable News Network was launched at 5,00 p. m. Eastern Time on June 1,1980, after an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored the channels first newscast. Burt Reinhardt, the vice president of CNN at its launch, hired most of the channels first 200 employees, including the networks first news anchor. Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to a number of cable and satellite providers, several websites. The company has 36 bureaus, more than 900 affiliated local stations, the channels success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for conglomerate Time Warners eventual acquisition of the Turner Broadcasting System in 1996. A companion channel, CNN2, was launched on January 1,1982, on January 28,1986, CNN carried the only live television coverage of the launch and subsequent break-up of Space Shuttle Challenger, which killed all seven crew members on board. On October 14,1987, Jessica McClure, an 18-month-old toddler, fell down a well in Midland, CNN quickly reported on the story, and the event helped make its name. This was before correspondents reported live from the capital while American bombs were falling. Before Saddam Hussein held a press conference with a few of the hundreds of Americans he was holding hostage. Before the nation watched, riveted but powerless, as Los Angeles was looted and burned, before O. J. Simpson took a slow ride in a white Bronco, and before everyone close to his case had an agent and a book contract. This was uncharted territory just a time ago. The moment when bombing began was announced on CNN by Bernard Shaw on January 16,1991, as follows, lets describe to our viewers what were seeing. The skies over Baghdad have been illuminated, were seeing bright flashes going off all over the sky

81.
2008 Grammy Awards
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The 50th Annual Grammy Awards took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, on February 10,2008. It honored musical achievement of 2007 in which albums were released between October 1,2006 through September 30,2007, two nights prior to the show Aretha Franklin was honored as the MusiCares Person of the Year. The years big winner was Amy Winehouse, the 24-year-old singer had entered a drug rehabilitation program. American officials initially refused her a visa, they reversed the decision. She became the female solo artist to get five awards in one night, alongside Lauryn Hill, Norah Jones, Alicia Keys. The golden anniversary of the Grammys and NARAS was noted in references and performances throughout this years ceremony, Alicia Keys was the evenings opening musician, singing and playing piano alongside archived video and audio of Frank Sinatra. Special recognition of the contributions of The Beatles also featured. The Foo Fighters won Best Rock Album, and performed their nominated song The Pretender in a collaborative performance that involved a social media selection of classical musicians. The following is an alphabetical list of performers, the following is an alphabetical list of presenters. Bold type indicates the winner out of the list of nominees, – Akwid El Abayarde Contraataca – Tego Calderón Residente O Visitante – Calle 13 El Cartel, The Big Boss – Daddy Yankee Vacaneria. /. Blige When I See U – Fantasia No One – Alicia Keys If I Have My Way– Chrisette Michele Hate on Me– Jill Scott Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Woman – Raheem DeVaughn B. U. D. D. Y. Hermansen & Shaffer Smith No One songwriters, Dirty Harry, Kerry Brothers & Alicia Keys Teachme songwriters, Ivan Barias, Adam W. Blackstone, top 10 Grammy Performances NARAS CBS GRAMMY Site

2008 Grammy Awards
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50th Annual Grammy Awards

82.
Rio Tinto Stadium
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Rio Tinto Stadium is an American soccer-specific stadium in Sandy, Utah, that is the home to Major League Soccer club Real Salt Lake and its USL associate team, Real Monarchs SLC. The stadium opened on October 9,2008, and seats 20,213 for soccer, the stadium hosted the 2009 MLS All-Star Game, the second leg of the 2011 CONCACAF Champions League Finals, and the final of the 2013 Lamar Hunt US Open Cup. It was also a host stadium during the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup, in 2005 a soccer-specific stadium for the team was approved for Sandy, a suburb of Salt Lake City. However, funding for the stadium was still hard to come by, a vote in early 2006 struck down a funding proposal for the stadium. However, Tom Dolan, the mayor of Sandy, said that he would not give up on his fight to approve the proposal in Sandy. The funding plan was revised, but was struck down later in 2006 over disagreements in the appropriation of millions of dollars for a financially unproven sports franchise. The proposal for Sandy was declared dead by Real Salt Lake owner Dave Checketts at that point, Checketts said that he wanted the team to remain in Utah, but would sell it if a proposal was not put forward by August 12,2006. Parties from several cities, including Rochester, New York and St. Louis, Missouri, expressed interest in purchasing the franchise and moving it. Other stadium sites in the area were proposed, including the Utah State Fairgrounds in Salt Lake City. On August 15, the deal was approved by the Salt Lake County Council. County mayor Corroon concurred with the DRC and the plan was effectively killed on January 29,2007. In response Real Salt Lakes owner announced the team would be sold, such a deal would have to have been made by February 9, or the deal would have been completely off. The bill was passed by the State Senate, the governor was expected to sign the bill, and ultimately did so. Sandy City, along with the state of Utah and representatives of the team, the deal was shot down about a week prior to the agreement by the Salt Lake County Mayor Peter Corroon saying it was too risky. However, Utahs governor, Jon Huntsman, Jr. said that soccer was here to stay, the $110 million stadium was built in Sandy, a suburb of Salt Lake City. Rossettis California office was the firm responsible for the design of the new stadium. The stadiums opening date was set for October 9,2008, a vote in January 2006 struck down a funding proposal for the stadium, and the project was declared dead by owner Dave Checketts on January 29, putting the teams future in doubt. The bill was passed by the Senate, allowing for the club to announce the commencement of building what was known as RSL Stadium

Rio Tinto Stadium
Rio Tinto Stadium
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Rio Tinto Stadium

83.
Sandy, Utah
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Sandy is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The population was 87,461 at the 2010 census, making it the sixth-largest city in Utah, Sandy is home to the Shops at South Town shopping mall, the Jordan Commons entertainment, office and dining complex, and the South Towne Exposition Center. It is also the location of the soccer-specific Rio Tinto Stadium, which hosts Real Salt Lake home games, the city is currently developing an urban, walkable and transit-oriented city center called The Cairns. Located at the base of the Wasatch Mountains thirteen miles south of Salt Lake City, permanent settlers first moved into Sandy during the 1860s and 1870s because of the availability of land in the less crowded southern end of the Salt Lake Valley. The origin of its name has not been established with any certainty, perhaps most widely believed is that Brigham Young named Sandy for its thirsty soil, but there is no historical evidence for this. Another theory is that the name came from a legendary and colorful Scotsman, Alexander Sandy Kinghorn, though this seems bolstered by the original name, historians consider it unlikely in view of the short period between the start of the train service and the first instances of the name. Within a few years, Thomas Allsop, a Yorkshire farmer who had immigrated to Utah in 1853, leGrand Young owned the land between Fourth East and State Street. Farmers willing to try their hand at the thirsty soil that inspired Sandys name took up land along State Street, but it was mining that shaped Sandys first four decades. Three major smelters were located in Sandy and they were the Flagstaff, the Mingo, and the Saturn. These made Sandy the territorys most significant smelting center for a number of years, the railroad was also significant in determining the course of Sandys history. Built in 1873, the railroad connected Sandy to Salt Lake City and facilitated the transportation of ore, a streetcar line in 1907 facilitated the transportation of locals to jobs in Salt Lake City, and the automobile later continued to serve that function. When the mines failed in the 1890s, Sandy faltered, then underwent a significant economic transformation into an agricultural community. The fact that Sandy did not disappear, like so many mining towns that dwindled with their mother lodes, was due to its location, resources. Sandy was incorporated in 1893, largely as part of an effort to combat what Mormon inhabitants considered unsavory elements in the town, due to its mine-based beginnings, Sandy was somewhat of a boomtown, unlike the majority of other rural Utah towns. After incorporation, it was almost as if Sandy had redefined itself, gone were the large numbers of single, transient men. By 1900, there was only a handful of saloons and hotels, church, farming, business, and family formed the focus of the inhabitants world. This pace and way of life continued for more than six decades, interrupted only by wars, the Depression, no significant jumps in population, economic trends, or social patterns altered the predictable and stable rhythm of life. In the late 1960s, however, this rural town dramatically changed course with its second boom and it had always been assumed by local leaders and citizens that Sandy would grow outward from its logical and historic center—the nexus of Main and Center streets

84.
Washington Heights, Manhattan
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Washington Heights is a neighborhood in the northern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. In the 18th century, only the portion of the island was settled by Europeans. Among the many unspoiled tracts of land was the highest spot on the island, when the Revolutionary War came to New York, the British had the upper hand. General George Washington and troops from his Continental Army camped on the ground, calling it Fort Washington. The Continental Army retreated from its location after their defeat on November 16,1776, the British took the position and renamed it Fort Knyphausen in honor of Wilhelm von Knyphausen, the leader of the Hessians, who had taken a major part in the British victory. Their location was in the now called Bennett Park. Fort Washington had been established as a position to prevent British vessels from sailing north on the Hudson River. Fort Lee, across the river, was its twin, built to assist in the defense of the Hudson Valley, the progress of the battle is marked by a series of bronze plaques along Broadway. On July 9,1776, when New Yorks Provincial Congress assented to the Declaration of Independence, A rowdy crowd of soldiers, marched down Broadway to Bowling Green, where they toppled the statue of George III erected in 1770. The head was put on a spike at the Blue Bell Tavern, the tavern was later used by Washington and his staff when the British evacuated New York, standing in front of it as they watched the American troops march south to retake New York. By 1856 the first recorded home had been built on the site of Fort Washington, the Moorewood residence was there until the 1880s. The property was purchased by Richard Carman and sold to James Gordon Bennett Sr. for an estate in 1871. Bennetts descendants later gave the land to the city to build a park honoring the Revolutionary War encampment, Bennett Park is a portion of that land. Lucius Chittenden, a New Orleans merchant, built a home on land he bought in 1846 west of what is now Cabrini Boulevard and it was known as the Chittenden estate by 1864. Bucking named his home Pinehurst on land near the Hudson, a title that survives as Pinehurst Avenue, the series of ridges overlooking the Hudson were sites of villas in the 19th century, including the extensive property of John James Audubon. At the turn of the 20th century the woods started being chopped down to make way for homes, the cliffs that are now Fort Tryon Park held the mansion of Cornelius Kingsley Garrison Billings, a retired president of the Chicago Coke and Gas Company. He purchased 25 acres and constructed Tryon Hall, a Louis XIV-style home designed by Gus Lowell and it had a galleried entranceway from the Henry Hudson Parkway that was 50 feet high and made of Maine granite. In 1917, Billings sold the land to John D. Rockefeller Jr. for $35,000 per acre, Tryon Hall was destroyed by fire in 1925

Washington Heights, Manhattan
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Washington Heights seen from the west tower of the George Washington Bridge, the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge. Note Little Red Lighthouse at base of east tower.
Washington Heights, Manhattan
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The highest point on Manhattan is in Bennett Park in Washington Heights, within the subsection of Hudson Heights. The inset at bottom left magnifies the plaque at right.
Washington Heights, Manhattan
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Stairs running from the end of Pinehurst Avenue down to West 181st Street
Washington Heights, Manhattan
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Former 32nd Precinct House on 152nd Street, a NYC Landmark

85.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange

86.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers

Soul music
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James Brown
Soul music
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Al Green, influential soul performer
Soul music
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Levi Stubbs singing lead with the Four Tops in 1966
Soul music
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Isaac Hayes performing in 1973

87.
Folk rock
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Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of folk music and rock music. In its earliest and narrowest sense, the referred to a genre that arose in the United States. The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds, the term folk rock was coined by the U. S. music press to describe the Byrds music in June 1965, the month in which the bands debut album was issued. A distinct, eclectic style of folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle, Fairport Convention. In a broader sense, folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres, Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of folk music and rock music. In its earliest and narrowest sense, the referred to a genre that arose in the United States. The style was influenced by the Beatles and other British bands. The term folk rock was coined by the U. S. music press to describe the Byrds music in June 1965, the month in which the bands debut album was issued. In a broader sense, folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world and, to a lesser extent, as with any genre, the borders are difficult to define. Of these, the first two owed direct debts to protest folk singers such as Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, along with the leftist Popular Front culture of the 1930s. The Weavers mainstream popularity set the stage for the revival of the 1950s and early 1960s. By 1951, however, the group had fallen afoul of the U. S, red Scare of the McCarthy era, and as a result they disbanded in 1952. The group reformed in 1955, releasing the influential album The Weavers at Carnegie Hall in 1957, before disbanding for a time in 1964. The crystal-clear harmony singing and liberal outlook that characterized American folk rock during the mid-1960s sprang directly from the music, while this urban folk revival flourished in many cities across the U. S. Like the 1950s Beat Generation before them, the vast majority of the urban folk revivalists shared a disdain for the values of mainstream American mass culture, across the Atlantic, a parallel folk revival was occurring in the UK during the 1950s and early 1960s. However, it wasnt until 1956 and the advent of the skiffle craze that the British folk revival crossed over into the mainstream, skiffle was a blend of jazz, folk, and country blues, with roots in African-American folk music and the post-war British jazz scene. This renewed popularity of folk music forms in Britain led directly to the folk movement. Among the leading lights of the folk movement were Bert Jansch and John Renbourn

88.
Rock and roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis

Rock and roll
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Sign commemorating the role of Alan Freed and Cleveland, Ohio in the origins of rock and roll
Rock and roll
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Chuck Berry in 1957
Rock and roll
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Bill Haley and his Comets performing in the 1954 Universal International film Round Up of Rhythm
Rock and roll
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Elvis Presley in a promotion shot for Jailhouse Rock in 1957

89.
Folk music
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre

Folk music
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Béla Bartók recording Slovak peasant singers in 1908
Folk music
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Indians always distinguished between classical and folk music, though in the past even classical Indian music used to rely on the unwritten transmission of repertoire.
Folk music
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Armenian traditional musicians
Folk music
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Assyrians playing zurna and Davul, the typically used instruments for their folk music.

90.
Joe Vitale (musician)
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Joseph Anthony Joe Vitale is an American singer, songwriter, composer and multi-instrumentalist. In a career spanning more than 40 years, Vitale has played many of the top names in music during a career dating back to the 1970s. Vitale pursued a career and released his debut album Roller Coaster Weekend in 1974. Since then, he has released two studio albums and his only single to chart is Lady on the Rock. Joseph Anthony Vitale was born on April 2,1949, in Canton and he started playing the drums at an early age, as his father was a barber, and would trade haircuts for drum lessons. The Vitales moved to Florida for a time, where Joe played in a youth orchestra. In high school Vitale played for a while with a called the Knights. In 1965 the polka band and a band called the Echoes were both playing at the Magnolia Homecoming. The Echoes drummer didnt attend the gig, so Vitale played drums for them, as a result, he joined the Echoes as their regular drummer. Vitale started his music career with the Echoes, who signed with Warner. He gained valuable experience with the band and sang vocals on their single I Want More and he eventually enrolled at Kent State University and was attending during the May 4,1970 shootings. His first national break came when Ted Nugent hired him to play drums in the Amboy Dukes in 1971 and that fall Vitale was invited by his former Kent State classmate Joe Walsh to join Barnstorm, a new band being formed by Walsh in Colorado. The band recorded two albums together and Vitale and Walsh began a longtime partnership although Barnstorm broke up in 1974 and he then joined the Stills-Young Band for the Long May You Run sessions. Later, Vitale would be one of the musicians that Crosby, Stills & Nash record and tour with beginning with the CSN album and he has also co-produced and contributed songs to Crosby, Stills & Nash as well as to solo efforts by Stephen Stills and Graham Nash. Meanwhile, Vitales longtime partner Walsh became part of the Eagles and Vitale became part of the Eagles road band on drums, keyboards, the Walsh/Vitale song Pretty Maids All in a Row appears on the Eagles album Hotel California. He continued to appear on Walsh solo albums in the early 1990s, among other artists with whom Vitale has appeared are Dan Fogelberg, Peter Frampton, John Entwistle and Zakk Wylde. In 2008 Vitale released Speaking in Drums, the album is a collection of eleven songs written and performed by Joe, his wife Susie and his son Joe Jr. among other guests. In 2008 he also released Backstage Pass, a written by his wife

Joe Vitale (musician)
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Joe Vitale

91.
Eagles discography
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The Eagles were an American rock band, who since their debut in 1972, have released seven studio albums, two live albums, ten compilation albums, as well as three video albums and 30 singles. Of those singles, five topped the Billboard Hot 100, the Eagles have a total of 18 Top 40 hits on the pop charts, as well as several hits on the adult contemporary chart. They are one of the popular music artists in history. Their highest-selling studio album is 1976s Hotel California, which was certified 16× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, the albums title track was their fourth Number One single on the pop charts, as well as their highest certified single, being certified Platinum. The Eagles also hold the distinction of releasing the album of the 20th century in the United States. The bands compilation album Their Greatest Hits sold more than 26 million copies domestically from its release until the end of 1999, in 2007, the Eagles issued a full album of new material for the first time in nearly 30 years with Long Road Out of Eden. The album debuted at #1 on several charts around the world, including Norway, the album featured five consecutive Top 40 singles on the adult contemporary charts, and was certified 7× Platinum in the US

92.
Country Music Television
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Its name is an initialism for Country Music Television, which has since been de-emphasized. It was the first nationally available cable channel devoted to country music, programming on the channel originally focused on country music, including music videos, taped concerts and biographies of country music stars. CMTs current programming now consists of original reality programs and scripted series, off-network syndicated shows. As of February 2015, approximately 86,989,000 American households receive CMT, CMTV, an initialism of Country Music Television, was founded by Glenn D. Daniels, the owner of Video World Productions in Hendersonville, Tennessee. Daniels put together the group of Telestar Corporation and the Blinder Robinson & Company investment bank in a three-way split. Daniels also served as the director and the first president of the network. The network launched on March 5,1983, at 6,19 p. m. CT, beating its chief competitor, TNN, the first video clip to air on CMT was Faron Youngs 1971 hit Its Four in the Morning. The following summer, MTV filed an infringement lawsuit over the initials CMTV. In 1991, Opryland USA and its owner Gaylord Entertainment Company acquired CMT in a $34 million deal, the network was sold by a group led by radio station owner Robert Sillerman and record producer James Guercio. Opryland USA and owner Gaylord also owned CMTs competitor The Nashville Network, in October 1992, CMT launched its first international channel, CMT Europe, as part of the Sky Multichannels package. By 1998, Gaylord reported $10 million in losses from CMT Europe, Gaylord had planned to emulate the successful model created by E. by selling large programming blocks to other European channels, but these plans never occurred. All shows eventually were cancelled by 2001, in 1995, CMT dropped all videos by Canadian artists without U. S. record contracts in response to the network being replaced in Canada by Calgary, Alberta-based New Country Network. By March 1996, CMT had eventually returned the dropped videos to its playlist after reaching an agreement to acquire a 20% ownership of New Country Network, in 1997, both CMT and TNN were sold to Westinghouse, then-owner of CBS for a reported $1.5 billion. In 1999, Viacom acquired CBS, assuming ownership of CMT and TNN, Viacom also changed the format of CMT, modeling it after sister networks MTV and VH1 to include series and movies, in addition to music videos. Despite the decrease in music videos, CMT has experienced significant ratings gains since its acquisition by MTV Networks in 1999, by 2007, the channel was available in more than 83 million homes. As of 2009, the network now reaches 88 million homes, on April 4,2012, CMT announced its first cartoon series, Bounty Hunters, featuring the voices of Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy and Bill Engvall who also serve as executive producers. CMT also announced that it would air Trinity 911, a 10-episode workplace docu-comedy that follows the police force in a small Texas town, Trinity 911 was later renamed Big Texas Heat and removed from the schedule after airing four episodes. CMTs current programming consists of entertainment programming, movies and reality shows

Country Music Television
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CMT's headquarters are located in offices in downtown Nashville, Tennessee.
Country Music Television
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CMT

93.
Alabama (band)
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Alabama is an American country, Southern rock and bluegrass band formed in Fort Payne, Alabama in 1969. The band was founded by Randy Owen and his cousin Teddy Gentry and they were soon joined by their other cousin, Jeff Cook. First operating under the name Wildcountry, the group toured the Southeast bar circuit in the early 1970s and they changed their name to Alabama in 1977 and following the chart success of two singles, were approached by RCA Records for a record deal. Alabamas biggest success came in the 1980s, where the band had over 27 number one hits, seven multi-platinum albums, the bands popularity waned slightly in the 1990s although they continued to produce hit singles and multi-platinum album sales. Alabama disbanded in 2006 following a tour and two albums of inspirational music but reunited in 2010 and have continued to record and tour worldwide. The bands blend of country music and Southern rock combined with elements of gospel. They also toured extensively and incorporated elements such as lighting. The band has over 30 number one records on the Billboard charts to their credit and have sold over 75 million records. AllMusic credited the band with popularizing the idea of a country band, Alabama was formed by guitarists Randy Owen and Jeff Cook, and bassist Teddy Gentry, three cousins born and raised near Fort Payne, Alabama, an area with strong country music roots. Owen and Gentry grew up on cotton farms on Lookout Mountain, learning guitar together. Gentry and Owen played in groups during the 1960s, ranging from pop to bluegrass. Cook joined the band in 1969 forming the group Young Country, Cook also played in numerous bands and was a rock and roll disk jockey. The three cousins all shared vocal duties, with cousin, drummer Jackie Owen, completing the groups first lineup. The bands first performance was at a school talent contest, for which they won first prize. Despite this, all were busy with commitments to pursue music, Owen still in high school, Cook working for Western Electric. The band grew further inactive when Cook went to college and Owen into the military, the group became a professional band in 1972, adding drummer Bennett Vartanian and changing their name to Wildcountry. During this time, the group accepted a position playing at the nearby Canyonland theme park, the park would bring in established stars, such as Jerry Wallace, Bobby Bare, and Narvel Felts, and the band would back them, afterwards performing a one-hour dance set. After a while, with opportunities for the band slimmed, a discouraged Cook took a government job in Anniston, Owen was studying English at Jacksonville State University, and Cook had an electronics job

94.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network

Wayback Machine
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Wayback Machine

95.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker

International Standard Book Number
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A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code

96.
Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985

97.
CBS News
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CBS News is the news division of American television and radio service CBS. The president of CBS News is David Rhodes, CBS News broadcasts include the CBS Evening News, CBS This Morning, news magazine programs CBS Sunday Morning,60 Minutes and 48 Hours, and Sunday morning political affairs program Face the Nation. CBS operates a 24-hour news network called CBSN, the first live anchored 24-hour streaming news network that is exclusively online, in December 1930 CBS chief William S. Paley hired journalist Paul W. White away from United Press as CBSs news editor. Paley put the networks news operation at the same level as entertainment. Along with other networks, CBS chafed at the breaking news embargo imposed upon radio by the wire services, CBS disregarded an embargo when it broke the story of the Lindbergh kidnapping in 1932, using live on-the-air reporting. Radio networks scooped print outlets with news of the 1932 presidential election, in March 1933 White was named vice president and general manager in charge of news at CBS. As the first head of CBS News, he began to build an organization that established a legendary reputation. In 1935 White hired Edward R. Murrow, and sent him to London in 1937 to run CBS Radios European operation, White led a staff that would come to include Charles Collingwood, William L. Shirer, Eric Sevareid, John Charles Daly, Joseph C. Harsch Cecil Brown, Elmer Davis, Quincy Howe, H. V. Kaltenborn, CBS was getting its ducks in a row for the biggest news story in history, World War II, wrote radio historian John Dunning. Upon becoming commercial station WCBW in 1941, the pioneer CBS television station in New York City broadcast two daily news programs, at 2,30 and 7,30 p. m. weekdays, anchored by Richard Hubbell. Most of the newscasts featured Hubbell reading a script with only occasional cutaways to a map or still photograph, when Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7,1941, WCBW, took to the air at 8,45 p. m. with an extensive special report. The national emergency even broke down the wall between CBS radio and television. The WCBW special report that night lasted less than 90 minutes, but that special broadcast pushed the limits of live television in 1941 and opened up new possibilities for future broadcasts. Additional newscasts were scheduled in the days of the war. In May 1944, as the war began to turn in favor of the Allies, WCBW reopened the studios and the newscasts returned, briefly anchored by Ned Calmer, and then by Everett Holles. After the war, expanded news programs appeared on the WCBW schedule – whose call letters were changed to WCBS-TV in 1946 – first anchored by Milo Boulton, and later by Douglas Edwards. On May 3,1948, Edwards began anchoring CBS Television News and it aired every weeknight at 7,30 p. m. and was the first regularly scheduled, network television news program featuring an anchor. NBCs offering at the time, NBC Television Newsreel, was simply film footage with voice narration, the broadcast was renamed the CBS Evening News when Walter Cronkite replaced Edwards in 1962

CBS News
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Douglas Edwards on the CBS news set in 1952.

98.
The Independent
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The Independent is a British online newspaper. The printed edition of the paper ceased in March 2016, nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet newspaper, but changed to tabloid format in 2003. Until September 2011, the paper described itself on the banner at the top of every newspaper as free from party political bias and it tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. In June 2015, it had a daily circulation of just below 58,000,85 per cent down from its 1990 peak. On 12 February 2016, it was announced that The Independent, the last print edition of The Independent on Sunday was published on 20 March 2016, with the main paper ceasing print publication the following Saturday. Launched in 1986, the first issue of The Independent was published on 7 October in broadsheet format and it was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three partners were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwells ownership, marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took control of the paper. The paper was created at a time of a change in British newspaper publishing. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long-accepted practices of the print unions and ultimately defeated them in the Wapping dispute, consequently, production costs could be reduced which, it was said at the time, created openings for more competition. As a result of controversy around Murdochs move to Wapping, the plant was effectively having to function under siege from sacked print workers picketing outside, the Independent attracted some of the staff from the two Murdoch broadsheets who had chosen not to move to his companys new headquarters. Launched with the advertising slogan It is, and challenging both The Guardian for centre-left readers and The Times as the newspaper of record, The Independent reached a circulation of over 400,000 by 1989. Competing in a market, The Independent sparked a general freshening of newspaper design as well as, within a few years. Some aspects of production merged with the paper, although the Sunday paper retained a largely distinct editorial staff. It featured spoofs of the other papers mastheads with the words The Rupert Murdoch or The Conrad Black, a number of other media companies were interested in the paper. Tony OReillys media group and Mirror Group Newspapers had bought a stake of about a third each by mid-1994, in March 1995, Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into OReillys Independent News & Media, MGN, and Prisa. In April 1996, there was another refinancing, and in March 1998, OReilly bought the other 54% of the company for £30 million, brendan Hopkins headed Independent News, Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent, and Rosie Boycott became editor of The Independent on Sunday. Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, Marr admitted his changes had been a mistake in his book, My Trade

The Independent
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The Independent front page, 15 February 2014

99.
The Daily Telegraph
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It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as The Daily Telegraph and Courier, the papers motto, Was, is, and will be, appears in the editorial pages and has featured in every edition of the newspaper since April 19,1858. The paper had a circulation of 460,054 in December 2016 and its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, which started in 1961, had a circulation of 359,287 as of December 2016. The Daily Telegraph has the largest circulation for a newspaper in the UK. The two sister newspapers are run separately, with different editorial staff, but there is cross-usage of stories, articles published in either may be published on the Telegraph Media Groups www. telegraph. co. uk website, under the title of The Telegraph. However, critics, including an editor, accuse it of being unduly influenced by advertisers. The Daily Telegraph and Courier was founded by Colonel Arthur B, Sleigh in June 1855 to air a personal grievance against the future commander-in-chief of the British Army, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge. Joseph Moses Levy, the owner of The Sunday Times, agreed to print the newspaper, the paper cost 2d and was four pages long. Nevertheless, the first edition stressed the quality and independence of its articles and journalists, however, the paper was not a success, and Sleigh was unable to pay Levy the printing bill. Levy took over the newspaper, his aim being to produce a newspaper than his main competitors in London. The same principle should apply to all other events—to fashion, to new inventions, in 1876, Jules Verne published his novel Michael Strogoff, whose plot takes place during a fictional uprising and war in Siberia. In 1937, the newspaper absorbed The Morning Post, which espoused a conservative position. Originally William Ewart Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose, bought The Morning Post with the intention of publishing it alongside The Daily Telegraph, for some years the paper was retitled The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post before it reverted to just The Daily Telegraph. As an result, Gordon Lennox was monitored by MI5, in 1939, The Telegraph published Clare Hollingworths scoop that Germany was to invade Poland. In November 1940, with Fleet Street subjected to almost daily bombing raids by the Luftwaffe, The Telegraph started printing in Manchester at Kemsley House, Manchester quite often printed the entire run of The Telegraph when its Fleet Street offices were under threat. The name Kemsley House was changed to Thomson House in 1959, in 1986 printing of Northern editions of the Daily and Sunday Telegraph moved to Trafford Park and in 2008 to Newsprinters at Knowsley, Liverpool. During the Second World War, The Daily Telegraph covertly helped in the recruitment of code-breakers for Bletchley Park, the ability to solve The Telegraphs crossword in under 12 minutes was considered to be a recruitment test. The competition itself was won by F. H. W. Hawes of Dagenham who finished the crossword in less than eight minutes, both the Camrose and Burnham families remained involved in management until Conrad Black took control in 1986

The Daily Telegraph
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The Sunday Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph
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The Daily Telegraph front page on 29 June 2015
The Daily Telegraph
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In 1882 The Daily Telegraph moved to new Fleet Street premises, which were pictured in the Illustrated London News.
The Daily Telegraph
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The Daily Telegraph building in 1974

100.
The Sydney Morning Herald
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The Sydney Morning Herald is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1831 as the Sydney Herald, the SMH is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia, the newspaper is published six days a week. It is available at outlets in Sydney, regional New South Wales, Canberra, the Sydney Morning Herald includes a variety of supplements, including the magazines Good Weekend, and Sunday Life. By February 2016, average circulation had fallen to 104,000, similarWeb rates the site as the fifth most visited news website in Australia and as the 42nd newspapers website globally, attracting more than 15 million visitors per month. In 1931 a Centenary Supplement was published, the original four-page weekly had a print run of 750. In 1840, the newspaper began to publish daily, in 1841, an Englishman named John Fairfax purchased the operation, renaming it The Sydney Morning Herald the following year. Fairfax, whose family were to control the newspaper for almost 150 years, based his editorial policies upon principles of candour, honesty and we have no wish to mislead, no interest to gratify by unsparing abuse or indiscriminate approbation. During the decade 1890, Donald Murray worked there, the SMH was late to the trend of printing news rather than just advertising on the front page, doing so from 15 April 1944. Of the countrys metropolitan dailies, only The West Australian was later in making the switch, in 1949, the newspaper launched a Sunday edition, The Sunday Herald. Four years later, this was merged with the newly acquired Sun newspaper to create The Sun-Herald, in 1995, the company launched the newspapers web edition smh. com. au. The site has grown to include interactive and multimedia features beyond the content in the print edition. Around the same time, the organisation moved from Jones Street to new offices at Darling Park and built a new printing press at Chullora, the SMH has since moved with other Sydney Fairfax divisions to a building at Darling Island. In May 2007, Fairfax Media announced it would be moving from a format to the smaller compact or tabloid-size, in the footsteps of The Times. Fairfax Media dumped these plans later in the year, however, in June 2012, Fairfax Media again announced it planned to shift both broadsheet newspapers to tabloid size, in March 2013. Fairfax also announced it would cut staff across the group by 1,900 over three years and erect paywalls around the papers websites. The subscription type is to be a model, limiting readers to a number of free stories per month, with a payment required for further access. In July 2013 it was announced that the SMHs news director, Darren Goodsir, would become Editor-in-Chief, on 22 February 2014, the final Saturday edition was produced in broadsheet format with this too converted to compact format on 1 March 2014. Ahead of the decommissioning of the plant at Chullora in June 2014

The Sydney Morning Herald
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The front page of The Sydney Morning Herald on 30 March 2007.
The Sydney Morning Herald
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The cover of the newspaper's first edition, on 18 April 1831

101.
The Sunday Times
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The Sunday Times is the largest-selling British national newspaper in the quality press market category. It is published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of News UK, Times Newspapers also publishes The Times. The two papers were founded independently and have been under common ownership only since 1966 and they were bought by News International in 1981. The Sunday Times occupies a dominant position in the quality Sunday market, its circulation of just under one million equals that of its rivals, The Sunday Telegraph and The Observer. While some other national newspapers moved to a format in the early 2000s. It sells more than twice as many copies as its sister paper, The Times, the Sunday Times has acquired a reputation for the strength of its investigative reporting – much of it by its award-winning Insight team – and also for its wide-ranging foreign coverage. It has a number of writers, columnists and commentators including Jeremy Clarkson. It was Britains first multi-section newspaper and remains substantially larger than its rivals, a typical edition contains the equivalent of 450 to 500 tabloid pages. Besides the main section, it has standalone News Review, Business, Sport, Money. There are three magazines and two tabloid supplements and it publishes The Sunday Times Bestseller List of books in Britain, and a list of the 100 Best Companies to Work For, focusing on UK companies. It also organises The Sunday Times Oxford Literary Festival, held annually, and The Sunday Times Festival of Education, the paper began publication on 18 February 1821 as The New Observer, but from 21 April its title was changed to the Independent Observer. On 20 October 1822 it was reborn as The Sunday Times, in January 1823, White sold the paper to Daniel Whittle Harvey, a radical politician. The paper was bought in 1887 by Alice Cornwell, whose father George Cornwell made a fortune in mining in Australia and she then sold it in 1893 to Frederick Beer, who already owned Observer. Beer appointed his wife, Rachel Sassoon Beer, as editor and she was already editor of Observer – the first woman to run a national newspaper – and continued to edit both titles until 1901. There was a change of ownership in 1903, and then in 1915 the paper was bought by William Berry and his brother, Gomer Berry, later ennobled as Lord Camrose. In 1943, the Kemsley Newspapers Group was established, with The Sunday Times becoming its flagship paper, at this time, Kemsley was the largest newspaper group in Britain. On 12 November 1945, Ian Fleming, who later created James Bond, joined the paper as foreign manager, the following month, circulation reached 500,000. On 28 September 1958 the paper launched a separate Review section, in 1959 the Kemsley group was bought by Lord Thomson, and in October 1960 circulation reached one million for the first time

The Sunday Times
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Plaque to The first number of The Sunday Times, 4 Salisbury Court, London EC4Y
The Sunday Times
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Edition number 9,813 of The Sunday Times, published on 7 October 2012

102.
The Washington Times
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The Washington Times is an American daily newspaper. It is published as a broadsheet at 3600 New York Avenue NE, Washington, the paper covers general interest topics with a particular emphasis on American politics. One of the first broadsheets in the United States to adopt color photography, its edition is distributed throughout the District of Columbia and sections of Maryland. A weekly tabloid edition aimed at an audience is also published. A typical issue includes sections for world and national news, business, politics, editorials and opinion pieces, local news, sports, entertainment, and travel. Periodically, the paper publishes large, 30–40 page special sections devoted to specific topics that include reports. It is currently owned by diversified conglomerate Operations Holdings, which is an owned subsidiary of the church. Bo Hi Pak, the aide of church founder and leader Sun Myung Moon, was the founding president. Moon asked Richard L. Rubenstein, a rabbi and college professor who had written on the Holocaust, the newspapers first editor and publisher was James R. Whelan. At the time of founding of the Times Washington had only one major newspaper, massimo Introvigne, in his 2000 book The Unification Church, said that the Post had been the most anti-Unificationist paper in the United States. The Times was founded the year after the Washington Star, the second paper of D. C. went out of business. A large percentage of the came from the Washington Star. When the Times began, it was unusual among American broadsheets in publishing a full front page, along with full color front pages in all its sections. Although USA Today used color in the way, it took several years for the Washington Post, New York Times. It ran television commercials highlighting this fact, the Washington Times also used ink that it advertised as being less likely to come off on the readers hands than the Posts. This design and its editorial content attracted real influence in Washington, when the Times began it had 125 reporters,25 percent of them Unification Church members. In 1982 the Post criticized the Times for killing critic Scott Subletts negative review of the movie Inchon, which was also sponsored by the Unification Church. A former speechwriter for President George W. Bush, David Frum, in his 2000 book How We Got Here, The 70s, wrote that Moon had granted the Times editorial independence

The Washington Times
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The Washington Times
The Washington Times
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The Washington Times bag.
The Washington Times
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Times dispenser

103.
KCBS-TV
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KCBS-TV, channel 2, is a CBS owned-and-operated television station located in Los Angeles, California, USA. KCBS-TV is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation, the two stations share offices and studio facilities inside CBS Studio Center in the Studio City section of Los Angeles, and KCBS-TVs transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson. In the few areas of the western United States where a CBS station is not receivable over-the-air, KCBS-TV is one of the oldest television stations in the world. The station went on the air on December 23,1931, the station used a mechanical camera which broadcast only film footage in an 80-line image, but demonstrated all-electronic receivers as early as 1932. It went off the air in 1935, and then reappeared using a mechanical camera producing a 300-line image for a month-long demonstration in June 1936. By August 1937, W6XAO had programming on the air six days each week, live programming started in April 1938. By 1939, with the image improved to 441 lines, an estimate of the stations viewership was 1,500 people in a few hundred homes. Many of the sets were built by television hobbyists, though commercially made sets were available in Los Angeles. The stations six-day weekly schedule consisted of live talent four nights, brown Derby, Griffith Planetarium, Miramar Hotel, Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel and The Town House on Wilshire Blvd. During World War II, programming was reduced to three hours, every other Monday, the stations frequency was switched from Channel 1 to Channel 2 in 1945 when the FCC decided to reserve Channel 1 for low-wattage community television stations. The station was granted a license as KTSL on May 6,1948, and was named for Thomas S. Lee. The station became affiliated with the DuMont Television Network later that year, KTSL also launched Peter Potters Jukebox Jury that year, a musical/quiz series that began to be broadcast nationally during the 1953-1954 season on ABC. Many later well-known entertainers appeared on the program to judge the latest releases from the recording companies, starting in 1949, CBS had been affiliated with KTTV, a station in which the network held a 49% minority ownership stake. Don Lees broadcasting interests were placed for sale in 1950 following the death of Thomas S. Lee, general Tire and Rubber agreed to purchase all of Don Lees stations, the centerpiece being KHJ radio, but chose to spin-off KTSL to CBS. Susbsquently CBS sold its share in KTTV to the majority partner, the Los Angeles Times. On October 28,1951, KTSL changed its callsign to KNXT to coincide with CBS Los Angeles radio outlet, the station also moved its transmitter from Mount Lee, where it had been based since its experimental days, to Mount Wilson. In 1961, KNXT created one of the nations first newshours and it aired from 6,30 p. m. to 7,15 p. m. weeknights, leading into the 15 minute-long CBS Evening News, which completed the newshour. Also featured were special assignment reporter Maury Green and Human Predicament essayist Ralph Story, the team and format helped make KNXT the top-rated news station in Los Angeles

KCBS-TV
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CBS2 NewsCentral logo.
KCBS-TV
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KCBS-TV

104.
BBC News
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BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs. The department is the worlds largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, the service maintains 50 foreign news bureaux with more than 250 correspondents around the world. James Harding has been Director of News and Current Affairs since April 2013, the departments annual budget is in excess of £350 million, it has 3,500 staff,2,000 of whom are journalists. BBC News domestic, global and online news divisions are housed within the largest live newsroom in Europe, parliamentary coverage is produced and broadcast from studios in Millbank in London. Through the BBC English Regions, the BBC also has regional centres across England, as well as national news centres in Northern Ireland, Scotland, all nations and English regions produce their own local news programmes and other current affairs and sport programmes. As with all media outlets, though, it has been accused of political bias from across the political spectrum. The British Broadcasting Company broadcast its first radio bulletin from radio station 2LO on 14 November 1922, on Easter weekend in 1930, this reliance on newspaper wire services left the radio news service with no information to report. The BBC gradually gained the right to edit the copy and, in 1934, however, it could not broadcast news before 6 PM until World War II. Gaumont British and Movietone cinema newsreels had been broadcast on the TV service since 1936, a weekly Childrens Newsreel was inaugurated on 23 April 1950, to around 350,000 receivers. The network began simulcasting its radio news on television in 1946, televised bulletins began on 5 July 1954, broadcast from leased studios within Alexandra Palace in London. The publics interest in television and live events was stimulated by Elizabeth IIs coronation in 1953 and it is estimated that up to 27 million people viewed the programme in the UK, overtaking radios audience of 12 million for the first time. Those live pictures were fed from 21 cameras in central London to Alexandra Palace for transmission and that year, there were around two million TV Licences held in the UK, rising to over three million the following year, and four and a half million by 1955. This was then followed by the customary Television Newsreel with a commentary by John Snagge. It was revealed that this had been due to producers fearing a newsreader with visible facial movements would distract the viewer from the story. On-screen newsreaders were finally introduced a year later in 1955 – Kenneth Kendall, Robert Dougall, mainstream television production had started to move out of Alexandra Palace in 1950 to larger premises – mainly at Lime Grove Studios in Shepherds Bush, west London – taking Current Affairs with it. It was from here that the first Panorama, a new programme, was transmitted on 11 November 1953. On 28 October 1957, the Today programme, a radio programme, was launched in central London on the Home Service. In 1958, Hugh Carleton Greene became head of News and Current Affairs and he set up a BBC study group whose findings, published in 1959, were critical of what the television news operation had become under his predecessor, Tahu Hole

BBC News
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Television News moved to BBC Television Centre in September 1969
BBC News
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BBC News
BBC News
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Angela Rippon, pictured in 1983, became the first female news presenter in 1975
BBC News
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The combined newsroom for domestic television and radio was opened at Television Centre in West London in 1998.

105.
Forbes
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Forbes is an American business magazine. Published bi-weekly, it features articles on finance, industry, investing. Forbes also reports on related subjects such as technology, communications, science, politics and its headquarters is located in Jersey City, New Jersey. Primary competitors in the business magazine category include Fortune and Bloomberg Businessweek. The magazine is known for its lists and rankings, including its lists of the richest Americans. Another well-known list by the magazine is The Worlds Billionaires list, the motto of Forbes magazine is The Capitalist Tool. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes, and its CEO is Mike Perlis, Forbes, a financial columnist for the Hearst papers, and his partner Walter Drey, the general manager of the Magazine of Wall Street, founded Forbes magazine on September 15,1917. Forbes provided the money and the name and Drey provided the publishing expertise, the original name of the magazine was Forbes, Devoted to Doers and Doings. Drey became vice-president of the B. C. Forbes Publishing Company, while B. C. Forbes became editor-in-chief, B. C. Forbes was assisted in his later years by his two eldest sons, Bruce Charles Forbes and Malcolm Stevenson Forbes. Bruce Forbes took over on his fathers death, and his strengths lay in streamlining operations, during his tenure, 1954–1964, the magazines circulation nearly doubled. On Malcolms death, his eldest son Malcolm Stevenson Steve Forbes Jr. became President and Chief Executive of Forbes, between 1961 and 1999 the magazine was edited by James Michaels. In 1993, under Michaels, Forbes was a finalist for the National Magazine Award. com, a 2009 New York Times report said,40 percent of the enterprise was sold. For a reported $300 million, setting the value of the enterprise at $750 million, according to Mark M. Edmiston of AdMedia Partners, Its probably not worth half of that now. The companys headquarters moved to the Newport section of downtown Jersey City. In November 2013, Forbes Media, which publishes Forbes magazine, was put up for sale and this was encouraged by Elevation Partners, of whom were minority shareholders. Sales documents prepared by Deutsche Bank revealed that the publishers 2012 EBITDA was $15 million, Forbes reportedly sought a price of $400 million. In July 2014, Forbes sold a majority of itself to Integrated Whale Media Investments, Steve Forbes and his magazines writers offer investment advice on the weekly Fox TV show Forbes on Fox and on Forbes On Radio. Other company groups include Forbes Conference Group, Forbes Investment Advisory Group, from the 2009 Times report, Steve Forbes recently returned from opening up a Forbes magazine in India, bringing the number of foreign editions to 10

106.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. As of February 2017, there are more than 400 hours of content uploaded to YouTube each minute, as of April 2017, the website is ranked as the second most popular site in the world by Alexa Internet, a web traffic analysis company. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day

107.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial

International Standard Serial Number
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ISSN encoded in an EAN-13 barcode with sequence variant 0 and issue number 5

108.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website

109.
All Media Network
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Template, Use mdy kashish khandates All Media Network is an American company that owns and maintains AllMusic, AllMovie, AllGame, SideReel and Celebified. The company was founded in 1990 by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine, All Music Guide was launched in 1991. Later in 1994 the All Movie Guide was launched and in 1998 the All Game Guide, the company was founded in Big Rapids, Michigan in 1990 by Michael Erlewine. With the All Music Guide the aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and they expanded with the All Movie Guide in 1994, and then the All Game Guide in 1998. Moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1999 to take advantage of the talent pool. AMG was a unit within Alliance Entertainment Corporation from 1996 until early 2005. Alliance was acquired in 1999 by Yucaipa Companies, a fund based in California. For a time, all of the guides were controlled by Rovis nameservers and combined access to the All Music, in 2013, Rovi sold consumer access of the content to the newly established All Media Network, LLC, but retained control of licensing the content to other businesses. Rovi sold the consumer access to them to newly established All Media Network, LLC in 2013, while retaining ownership, the AllGame section of the site was shut down on December 12,2014. All Media Network also produce the AllMusic guide series that includes the All Music Guide to Jazz, Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series. AllMovie, launched in 1994 as the All Movie Guide, provides access to information about actors, films, and filmmakers with staff-authored news, reviews, ratings and it offers limited information about Television productions, focused mainly on those released on DVD. Like AllMusic, this content is available via licensing to point-of-sale systems, media players. AllGame was active between 1998–2014 as the All Game Guide, it offered information and reviews about many console, hand held, arcade, SideReel, launched in 2007, is a TV community site which provides information about TV shows and episodes. Celebified offers celebrity news and interviews and started in 2012, All Media Networks database was initially set up by Vladimir Bogdanov to hold the information of Erlewines many lists. Information in the database is licensed and used in point-of-sale systems by some retailers, includes the following, Basic data, names, genres, credits, copyright information. Descriptive content, styles, tones, moods, themes, nationalities, relational content, similar artists and albums, influences. The company claims to have the largest digital archive of music, including about six million digital songs, as well as the largest cover art library, the AllMusic database is also used by several generations of Windows Media Player and Musicmatch Jukebox to identify and organize music collections. Windows Media Player 11 and the integrated MTV Urge music store have expanded the use of AllMusic data to include related artists, biographies, reviews, playlists and other data

All Media Network
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All Media Network

110.
Routledge
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Routledge is a British multinational publisher. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals &5,000 new books each year, Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences. Following the merger of Informa and T&F in 2004, Routledge become a publishing unit, the firm originated in 1836, when Camden bookseller George Routledge published an unsuccessful guidebook, The Beauties of Gilsand with his brother-in-law W H Warne as assistant. The company was restyled in 1858 as Routledge, Warne & Routledge when George Routledges son, Robert Warne Routledge, Frederick Warne eventually left the company after the death of his brother W. H. Warne in May 1859. Gaining rights to titles, he founded Frederick Warne & Co in 1865. In July 1865, his son Edmund Routledge became a partner, by 1902 the company was running close to bankruptcy. Following a successful restructuring, however, it was able to recover and began to acquire and merge with other publishing companies including J. C. In 1912 the company merged with Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. the descendant of companies founded by Charles Kegan Paul, Alexander Chenevix Trench, Nicholas Trübner and it was soon particularly known for its titles in the social sciences. In 1985, Routledge & Kegan Paul joined with Associated Book Publishers, just two year later, Cinven and Routledges directors accepted a deal for Routledges acquisition by Taylor & Francis Group, with the Routledge name being retained as an imprint and subdivision. In 2004, T&F became a division within Informa plc after a merger, Routledge has grown considerably as a result of organic growth and acquisitions of other publishing companies and other publishers titles by its parent company. Humanities and social sciences acquired by T&F from other publishers are rebranded under the Routledge imprint. The famous English publisher Fredric Warburg was an editor at Routledge during the early 20th century. Novelist Nina Stibbe author of Love, Nina worked at the company as a Commissioning Editor in the 1990s, the republished works of these authors have appeared as part of the Routledge Classics and Routledge Great Minds series. Competitors to the series are Verso Books Radical Thinkers, Penguin Classics, Taylor and Francis closed down the Routledge print encyclopaedia division in 2006. Some of its publications were, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, by Edward Craig, in 10 volumes, Encyclopedia of Ethics, by Lawrence C. Reference Works by Europa Publications, published by Routledge, Europa World Year Book, many of Routledges reference works are published in print and electronic formats as Routledge Handbooks and have their own dedicated Web site, Routledge Handbooks Online. Records of Routledge & Kegan Paul - Correspondence files covering the period 1935 to 1990, as well as review files 1950s-1990s, Special Collections, archives of George Routledge & Company 1853-1902, Chadwyck-Healey Ltd,1973. 6 reels of microfilm and printed index, archives of Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Henry S. King 1858-1912, Chadwyck-Healey Ltd,1973

Routledge
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2008 conference booth
Routledge
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Routledge

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Quad-City Times
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The Quad-City Times is a daily morning newspaper based in Davenport, Iowa, and circulated throughout the Quad Cities metropolitan area. According to the Iowa Newspaper Association, the Quad-City Times has a circulation of 61,366, the newspaper is owned by Lee Enterprises, which is also located in Davenport. The Quad-City Times grew from several predecessors, including the Democratic Banner, the Democratic Banner was founded in 1848, was sold in 1855 to a group of businessmen and rechristened the Iowa State Democrat. The Iowa State Democrat published its first edition on October 15 of that year, the newspaper underwent many changes through its early history, and by 1899, its circulation was 1,300 daily and 2,500 weekly. The newspaper was sold to Lee Enterprises in 1915, thereafter Cram become editor and publisher, the Blue Ribbon News began publication in 1878, by 1886, it was known as the Davenport Daily Times. The newspaper, which struggled for years, was sold in 1899 to A. W. Both newspapers continued to grow in circulation, before combining operations in 1964, the formerly separate newspapers became known as the Times-Democrat. By 1974, with circulation expanding throughout eastern Iowa and western Illinois, in December 1989, the Quad-City Times moved into its current building at 500 E. The facility, completed at a cost of $23.8 million, includes a press room, mail room, warehouse. The facility also houses Trico, the commercial printing business. The Quad-City Times has been on the edge of technology. Electronic pagination began in 1988, with all-digital photography taking root by 1994, current Quad-City Times columnists include Don Doxsie, Alma Gaul, Barb Ickes and Bill Wundram. The current editor is Autumn Phillips, deb Anselm is the publisher of the Quad-City Times. The newspaper receives Iowa political news from Lee Enterprises Des Moines bureau, previously, the Quad-City Times published additional editions, which have since been discontinued, An Afternoon Edition that circulated for many decades only in Davenport and Bettendorf. An Illinois Edition that circulated in the Illinois Quad Cities, and throughout Rock Island, Henry and this edition went to Clinton and Jackson counties in Iowa, and Carroll and Whiteside counties in Illinois during the week. All separate editions have since been discontinued, the Quad-City Times is available on the Amazon Kindle book reader, however without ads, classifieds and most photos and tables. On Thursdays, the Bettendorf News is published, and the tabloid-sized included in newsstand and subscriber copies in Bettendorf, Le Claire, Pleasant Valley, from 1927 through sometime in the 2000s decade, the Bettendorf News was a stand-alone weekly newspaper. Since 1975, the newspaper has been owned by Lee Enterprises, and during the 2000s decade, in the past, special weekly sections were also published for the Clinton, and both the upper and lower Rock Island County markets, but these have since been discontinued

Quad-City Times
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The July 27, 2005 front page of the Quad-City Times
Quad-City Times
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The Quad-City Times building in Downtown Davenport