Arguing that the New Mexico State Game Commission violated the federal Endangered Species Act by authorizing cougar trapping that will harm endangered Mexican wolves and jaguars in New Mexico, The Humane Society of the United States, Animal Protection of New Mexico and longtime Mexican wolf enthusiasts Peter and Jean Ossorio filed a complaint in New Mexico federal court today. The lawsuit seeks to invalidate the upcoming cougar trapping season—currently scheduled to begin November 1, 2016— to protect these endangered species from cruel and indiscriminate traps and snares.

“New Mexicans are overwhelmingly against expanding cougar trapping in New Mexico,” said Jessica Johnson, chief legislative officer for APNM. “By more than a three-to-one margin, New Mexico voters oppose cougar trapping on both private and public lands, not only because it results in cruelty to targeted cougars, but also because it poses a clear threat to non-target endangered species like Mexican wolves and jaguars.”

The New Mexico Department of Game and Fish’s proposal to allow recreational cougar trapping for the first time in nearly five decades elicited statewide outcry, yet the Commission voted unanimously to allow the use of steel-jawed leghold traps and snares throughout the state, including in Mexican wolf and jaguar habitat. Cougar trapping in these areas presents a mortal and unlawful threat to these endangered animals because—due to their similarity in size, prey and habitat preference—they will inevitably be caught in traps set for cougars. As of February 2016, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimated that only 97 Mexican wolves remained in the wild in the United States.

“Littering New Mexico with leghold traps and snares will expose endangered Mexican wolves and jaguars to cruel and unnecessary suffering and death,” said Anna Frostic, senior wildlife attorney for The HSUS. “The Commission cannot unilaterally undermine the effort to recover these fragile populations in violation of the ESA, against the will of the majority of New Mexicans.”

This federal complaint follows a separate but related state court suit filed by the groups and several New Mexico citizens earlier this year. That suit challenged the decision to allow cougar trapping and hunting despite the NMDGF’s admitted lack of an accurate estimate of the cougar population in New Mexico, and the unacceptable risk cougar traps pose to search and rescue animals, pets and nursing cougar mothers and their kittens.

If the challenge succeeds, it will not prevent otherwise lawful hunting, nor will it affect ranchers’ or state officials’ ability to kill particular cougars who are threatening or attacking farm animals.