According to Khouri and El-Akawi, when Ruta aqueous extract was fed orally to male albino rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight for 60 days a significant decrease in the weight of reproductive organs, cauda epididymis and testicular ducts and a reduction in sperm motility and density were noticed.

fitchi shows a number of characters diagnostic of Sciaenidae including: a strongly homosulcoid sulcus, with both the rostrum and antirostrum absent; a broad, flat, shallow ostium with a distinct postostial lobe; and a narrow horizontal anterior cauda with a curved posterior cauda.

4,5,20) Lower extremity weakness, paraplegia, sensory deficits, altered deep tendon reflexes, sphincteric dysfunction and cauda equina syndrome are frequently seen in the course of the disease; (5,17) atypical clinical presentations, such as palpable cysts in the soft tissues on either side of the vertebral column, are not seldom encountered.

Irreversible events--which are very rare but have led to cases of paralysis and death--include cauda equina syndrome, which sometimes can be reversed with prompt surgery and vascular injury primarily to the verrebrobasilar arteries.

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