The report accounts the challenges of mountain farming where harsh climate, rugged terrain, and remoteness are further compounded by global challenges like increased demands for food and raw materials, price hikes, and economic recessions.

It states that the changes in monsoon patterns affect the predictability of precipitation and adaptability of crops and livestock, and this adversely affects the agricultural sector. The rising number of floods and droughts in the region also exacerbates the situation.

The report stresses the need for policies that address the additive role of climate change in food insecurity, and that agricultural production and purchasing power need to be treated as equally important determinants of food security in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. It advocates higher prices for mountain products and more subsidies to locally produced biopesticides and fertilizers.

The report recommends support for small-scale farmers, diversity in production and livelihoods, maintenance of eco-agricultural services, and the need for ClimateSmart extension services to increase resilience of mountain communities.