EGC (Emergency GC) in eLua

Using the EGC patch with eLua

The EGC (Emergency Garbage Collector) patch was originally written for Lua by Robert Jakabosky, who was kind enough to port it to eLua. You can find the author's detailed
description of the patch here. In short, what it does is that it lets you run a garbage collection cycle in Lua in a low memory
situation, from inside Lua's memory allocation function (something that the current version of Lua can't do out of the box). By forcing a garbage collection cycle, Lua can reclaim memory that's
not in use anymore, thus making more memory available for your program. The downside is reduced execution speed, as a direct result of running the gargabe collector when needed. For some
applications, reducing the execution speed to fit the application in memory might be acceptable, and for other applications it might not. As usual, it all depends on your application. As a generic
guideline, if your application isn't concerned with realtime processing, you should be fine with sacrifing execution speed to get more memory in many real life scenarios.

In eLua, the EGC patch can be configured to run in 4 different modes:

disabled: EGC inactive, no collection cycle will be forced in low memory situations.

run on allocation failure: try to allocate a new block of memory, and run the garbage collector if the allocation fails. If the allocation fails even after running the garbage
collector, the allocator will return with error.

run on memory limit: run the garbage collector when the memory used by the Lua script goes beyond an upper limit. If the upper limit can't be satisfied even after running
the garbage collector, the allocator will return with error.

run before each allocation: run the garbage collector before each memory allocation. If the allocation fails even after running the garbage collector, the allocator will
return with error. This mode is very efficient with regards to memory savings, but it's also the slowest.

eLua lets you use any of the above modes, or combine modes 2-4 above as needed. The C code API for EGC interfacing is defined in src/lua/legc.h, shown partially below:

To set the EGC operation mode, call legc_set_mode above with 3 parameters:

L: a pointer to a Lua state structure.

mode: EGC operation mode, as described by the #define section above. You can specifiy a single mode, or a bitwise OR combination between EGC_ON_ALLOC_FAILURE,
EGC_ON_MEM_LIMIT and EGC_ALWAYS.

memlimit: the upper memory limit used by the EGC_ON_MEM_LIMIT mode. Must be higher than 0 for this mode to run properly, can be 0 for any other mode.

The functionality of this C function is mirrored by the elua generic module egc_setup function, see here for more details.
Also, see here for details on how to configure the default (compile time) EGC behaviour.