Tyler,It depends on how close you are and how big the bomb is.
A conventional nuclear weapon relies on nuclear fision this reaction will cause incalcuable damage.
A so called dirty bomb relies on a conventional explosive device with radioactive material surounding it(no fision).There is an excellent example of
the effect of a dirty bomb in Brazil.I will try and find it.Only around 30 people died in an area of a quarter of a mile.more died from the blast than
by radiation.I'm writing this from memory so I may be wrong on detail.I'll be back.

John is more or less correct, dirty bombs are little more than a panic attack, as for the Iodine, hmm from what I've dug up, I should HOPE there is
radio-active Iodine (I-131), it seems to be fairly helpful in aiding the treatment of hyperthyroid (some ailment) and does not promote cancer.

And I think your half-life information is wrong, apparently after treatment (done at home by drinking it) it can collect in your bladder (the
radio-active materials) so you have to drink a lot of fluids for several weeks to wash it all out.

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