U.S. space programs by Marcia S Smith(
Book
)38
editions published
between
1992
and
2013
in
English
and held by
327 WorldCat member
libraries
worldwide
The 109th Congress is addressing a broad range of civilian, military, and commercial space issues. The National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) conducts the most visible space activities. For FY2005, NASA received a total of $16.2 billion.
The FY2006 request is $16.46 billion. The appropriate role of the government in facilitating commercial space businesses is
an ongoing debate. For many years, the focus has been on space launch services, but commercial remote sensing satellites also
pose complex questions. President Bush signed a new commercial remote sensing policy in 2003, and a new space launch policy
in 2004, that try to strike a balance between facilitating commercial activities while ensuring the U.S. government has needed
data and services. Congressional Research Service - The Library of Congress International cooperation and competition in space
are affected by the world economic situation and the post-Cold War political climate. President Clinton's 1993 decision to
merge NASA's space station program with Russia's is symbolic of the dramatic changes, and the risks

Space launch vehicles : government activities, commercial competition, and satellite exports by Marcia S Smith(
Book
)34
editions published
between
1999
and
2006
in
English
and held by
319 WorldCat member
libraries
worldwide
Launching satellites into orbit, once the exclusive domain of the U.S. and Soviet governments, today is an industry in which
companies in the United States, Europe, China, Russia, Ukraine, Japan, and India compete. In the United States, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) owns and launches its space shuttle. Private sector companies provide launch services
for other NASA launches and most Department of Defense (DOD) launches. Commercial customers purchase launch services from
the U.S. companies or their competitors. Since the early 1980s, Congress and successive Administrations have taken actions,
including passing several laws, to facilitate the U.S. commercial space launch services business. The Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) regulates the industry. Forecasts in the 1990s suggesting significant increases in launch demand sparked plans to develop
new launch vehicles. NASA and DOD created government-industry partnerships to develop new reusable launch vehicles (RLVs)
and "evolved" expendable launch vehicles (EELVs), respectively. (The space shuttle is the only RLV today. All other launch
vehicles are "expendable"--They can only be used once). Several U.S. private sector companies began developing their own launch
vehicles. Projections for launch services demand declined dramatically beginning in 1999, however. NASA's efforts to develop
a new RLV to replace the shuttle faltered. DOD's new EELVs (Atlas V and Delta IV) began service, but, with reduced demand,
the companies that build them (Lockheed Martin and Boeing) want more DOD funding to defray their costs. In 2005, the two companies
announced they would merge their EELV launch services for U.S. government customers. The joint venture, if approved by regulatory
authorities, would be named the United Launch Alliance. Commercial launch services would not be affected. Congress is debating
the future of the space shuttle, which returned to flight in July 2005 after a two and one-half year hiatus following the
2003 Columbia tragedy. President Bush has directed NASA to terminate the shuttle in 2010, but some want it to continue until
a replacement is available. NASA is assessing what new vehicles it needs to implement the President's "Moon/Mars" program.
One option is a "shuttle-derived" launch vehicle. In October 2004, Burt Rutan's SpaceShipOne suborbital spacecraft won the
$10 million Ansari X-prize. Some believe this heralds an era of comparatively affordable space tourism. Congress passed a
law in 2004 (P.L. 108-492) to establish a regulatory environment for space tourism. Concerns that China benefitted militarily
from knowledge gained through commercial satellite launches in the 1990s led to changes in U.S. satellite export policy. The
changes, especially returning control over such exports to the State Department from the Commerce Department, remain controversial
because of what some claim is a negative impact on U.S. satellite manufacturing companies whose clients may choose European
suppliers to avoid the U.S. export control regulations

Space stations by Marcia S Smith(
Book
)34
editions published
between
1995
and
2006
in
English
and held by
293 WorldCat member
libraries
worldwide
Congress continues to debate NASA's International Space Station (ISS), a permanently occupied facility in Earth orbit where
astronauts live and conduct research. Congress appropriated approximately $35 billion for the program from FY1985-2005. The
initial FY2006 ISS request was $2.180 billion: $1.857 billion for construction and operations and $324 million for research
to be conducted by ISS crews. In a July budget amendment, NASA transferred $168 million for ISS Crew/Cargo Services to another
part of the NASA budget and reduced the ISS request commensurately. The final version of the FY2006 appropriations bill that
includes NASA (H.R. 2862) cuts $80 million from the originally submitted budget, and NASA now plans to spend $306 million,
instead of $324 million, on ISS research in FY2006

Internet privacy : overview and pending legislation by Marcia S Smith(
Book
)21
editions published
between
2002
and
2005
in
English
and held by
166 WorldCat member
libraries
worldwide
Internet privacy issues encompass concerns about the collection of personally identifiable information (PII) from visitors
to government and commercial Web sites, as well as debate over law enforcement or employer monitoring of electronic mail and
Web usage. The parallel debate over Web site information policies concerns whether industry self regulation or legislation
is the best approach to protecting consumer privacy. This report provides a brief overview of Internet privacy issues and
describes legislation that was considered by the 107th Congress, including the four bills that were enacted

V-chip and TV ratings : helping parents supervise their children's television viewing by Marcia S Smith(
Book
)11
editions published
between
1997
and
2001
in
English
and held by
136 WorldCat member
libraries
worldwide
"To assist parents in supervising the television viewing habits of their children, Congress included a provision in the Telecommunications
Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-104) that television sets with screens 13 inches or larger sold in the United States be equipped with
a "V-chip" to screen out objectionable programming."

Sharing the adventure with the public : the value and excitement of "grand questions" of space science and exploration : summary
of a workshop by National Research Council (U.S.)(
Book
)3
editions published
in
2011
in
English
and held by
36 WorldCat member
libraries
worldwide
"On November 8-10, 2010, the National Research Council's Space Studies Board (SSB) held a public workshop on how NASA and
its associated science and exploration communities communicate with the public about major NASA activities and programs. The
concept and planning of the workshop developed over a period of two years. In conjunction with the SSB, the workshop planning
committee identified five "Grand Questions" in space science and exploration around which the event was organized. As outlined
in the summary, the workshop concluded with sessions on communicating space research and exploration to the public."--Publisher's
description