WASHINGTON, June 19 — The Senate Finance Committee approved $28 billion in tax breaks on Tuesday to underwrite renewable fuels and “clean coal” technology, all at the expense of the oil industry.

The coal industry would reap substantial benefits from the committee package, which is to be attached to a broader energy bill being debated on the Senate floor.

But the industry suffered an unexpected defeat when the full Senate rejected two measures in the overall energy bill aimed at vastly expanding the production of diesel fuel made from coal.

Senate leaders plan to attach the tax package to a broader energy bill, which they hope the full Senate will approve by the end of this week. But the mixed signals made it hard to say what shape the package will take in the end.

In a separate vote that could lead to a veto fight with President Bush, the Senate voted 70 to 23 to add a provision that would allow the United States to sue oil-producing nations for price fixing and other violations of antitrust law.

The White House warned last week that the provision, nicknamed the NOPEC clause, would damage American business interests abroad by inviting retaliatory action by other governments. It said Mr. Bush’s advisers would urge him to veto any bill with such a provision.

Senator Jeff Bingaman, Democrat of New Mexico and chairman of the Senate Energy Committee, also opposed the NOPEC provision as a “feel good” vote that would “undoubtedly be popular but would also be unwise.”

The Senate floor votes on coal cheered environmental groups, which have argued that production of heat-trapping gases linked to global warming would be at least as great from coal-based liquids as from gasoline.

The tax package would provide $10 billion in additional breaks for companies that produce electricity from renewable energy sources like wind and solar power and methane from landfills.

It would also underwrite tax-free bonds for plants that produce electricity with renewable fuels, offer new incentives for transmission lines for wind and solar power and extend tax breaks for ethanol and other gasoline substitutes.

Oil companies immediately attacked the measure as short-sighted, saying that reducing tax benefits for oil producers and refiners would reduce investment in domestic production. But oil industry lobbyists have stopped short of engaging in a full campaign to kill the legislation.

“While promoting alternative energy sources is a worthy goal, doing so by imposing new taxes on the U.S. oil and natural gas industry would actually work against ensuring reliable and stable energy supplies for American consumers,” the American Petroleum Institute said after the vote.

Democrats from coal states had proposed offering up to $10 billion in loans for companies that build coal-to-liquid-fuel plants, provided the companies captured and stored at least 75 percent of the carbon dioxide produced in making the fuel.

Republicans had pushed a much stronger bill that would have required fuel producers to generate six billion gallons a year of coal-based fuels by 2022.

Democrats voted almost uniformly against the Republican bill and it was defeated by a vote of 55 to 39.

But by an even bigger bipartisan majority, 61 to 33, the Senate then rejected the Democratic bill on coal. The opposition to that bill came almost equally from Republicans who were peeved at having their own bill rejected and from Democrats who opposed subsidies for coal-based fuels because of the possible impacts on global warming.

As Senate Democrats rush to complete an energy bill before the end of this week, lawmakers who place top priority on promoting renewable fuels had been trying to put together compromises with coal-state lawmakers to prevent the broader bill from being blocked by filibuster.

Senator Bingaman was blocked by the threat of a filibuster last week from holding a vote on a provision that would have required electric utilities to generate 15 percent of their power from renewable fuels by 2020.

Democratic leaders are also struggling to preserve a provision that would increase average fuel economy standards in cars and trucks. Automobile manufacturers, saying that the proposed energy bill would cost them billions of dollars and could jeopardize the ability of some companies to survive, are fighting hard for a much weaker measure.

A version of this article appears in print on , on page C3 of the New York edition with the headline: Panel Supports Tax Breaks For Coal and Non-Oil Fuel. Order Reprints|Today's Paper|Subscribe