8 VectorsA vector is a line that leads your eye from one element to anotherA vector may be a visible line or an invisible oneIt can be created by such things as a gaze, pointing fingers or extended arms

15 The Centre Images here are the nucleus information.The margin images are subservient

16 FramingElements in a layout can be disconnected and marked off from each other or connected. If elements are cut off from one another they are strongly framed

17 Framing continued…Framing can be achieved by borders, discontinuities of colour and shape, or by white space.Connectedness can be achieved by vectors and devices such as overlapping or superimposition of images.

18 Gaze Demands and offers.Demand: subject looks out of the image at the responderThis establishes a connection between subject and viewer

20 Subjective and Objective ViewpointsThe viewpoints come from the vertical and horizontal anglesSubjective viewpoints encourage the viewer to adopt a certain stanceObjective viewpoints have the viewer not being drawn into involvement with the image. Meaning comes from the symbolic connection made by the reader

21 A high angle gives the viewer a sense of powerSUBJECTIVEA high angle gives the viewer a sense of power