●PS3.C: When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other that can cause energy to be transferred to or from the object. (PS3-MS-2) - Actions: Develop a model

SUPPORTING STANDARDS

Disciplinary Core Ideas

●PS3.A: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter present.

●PS3.B: When the motion energy of an object changes, there is inevitably some other change in energy at the same time.

●PS3.B: The amount of energy transfer needed to change the temperature of a matter sample by a given amount depends on the nature of the matter, the size of the sample, and the environment.

●PS3.B: Energy is spontaneously transferred out of hotter regions or objects and into colder ones.

●ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem The more precisely a design task’s criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions.

●ETS1.A: A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results to improve it.

RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). (PS3-MS-1)

WHST.6-8.1 Write arguments focused on discipline content. (PS3-MS-5)

WHST.6-8.7 Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration. (PS3-MS-3),(PS3-MS-4)

8.EE.A.2 Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x2 = p and x3 = p, where p is a positive rational number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Know that √2 is irrational. (PS3-MS-1)

8.F.A.3 Interpret the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear. (PS3-MS-1),(PS3-MS-5)

PS4-MS-1. Use mathematical representations to describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave.

PS4-MS-2. Develop and use a model to describe that waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials.

CORE IDEAS

Disciplinary Core Ideas

●PS4.A: A simple wave has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude (PS4-MS-1) - Actions: Use mathematical representations

●When light shines on an object, it is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through the object, depending on the object’s material and the frequency (color) of the light. (PS4-MS-2) - Actions: Develop and use a model

SUPPORTING STANDARDS

Disciplinary Core Ideas

●PS4.A: A sound wave needs a medium through which it is transmitted.

●PS4.B: The path that light travels can be traced as straight lines, except at surfaces between different transparent materials (e.g., air and water, air and glass) where the light path bends.

●PS4.B: A wave model of light is useful for explaining brightness, color, and the frequency-dependent bending of light at a surface between media.

●PS4.B: However, because light can travel through space, it cannot be a matter wave, like sound or water waves.

RST.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. (PS4-MS-3) RST.6-8.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. (PS4-MS-3)

RST.6-8.9 Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. (PS4-MS-3)

WHST.6-8.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. (PS4-MS-3)