Pro's & Con's of Cloning

Cloning: Potential Benefits vs. Potential AbusesDolly the sheep was the first cloned animal and what interested the world of cloning. There was a sudden curiosity that rose in society about how cloning benefits the common man. If they could do it to a sheep, why not anything else? When the media is talking about cloning, it is usually talking about reproductive cloning. There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism.

The reason cloning became an interest is because if the vital organs of the human body can be cloned, they can serve as backup systems for human beings. Cloning can also be a solution to infertility, cloning has an option for producing children. Cloning may make it possible to reproduce a certain trait in human beings. We will be able to produce people with certain qualities, human beings with particular desirable traits, thus making human beings a man made being. Genetic researchers may be able to understand the composition of genetic constituents on human beings better. Cloning can serve as the best means to replicate animals that can be used for research purposes. If positive changes can be brought about in living beings with the help of cloning, it will indeed be a boon to mankind.

Cloning created identical genes, which is a process of replicating a genetic constitution therefore it hampers the differences in genes. If we lessen the diversity in genes there is less of a chance for adaptation. Cloning can offer the ability to choose which traits fir reproduction it also has the chance of giving undesirable traits. While cloning human organs and using them for ‘spare parts’ or in cloning itself technical and economical barriers will be considered. On the moral and ethical front as well, cloning raises several serious questions. It devalues man-kind, as a new birth is a natural process, and seriously undermines the value of human...

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...﻿NAME- LASTNAME: EMİNE MERİÇ
SECTION NUMBER:157-12
CLONİNG
Probably, one of the most important advancement technique is cloning in a field of medicine in new century .Firs of all, scientists and genetic bioengineering intend by helping save some animal species from extinction. Animals which are endangered destroy due to not variety.I mean that species which can survive have common gene in their DNA. Genetic disorders can be transferred passing down and any disorder in DNA can easily spread among the all animal species.In this condition, genetic diseases can be seen because of heredity. The best example of this is cheetah or “hunting leopard”. In the past cheetah can live almost everywhere on the world- North America, Asia , Europe and Africa regions.Ten thousands years ago,unknown event have been happened. Not oly the number of cheetahes were decrased but also other species have been destroyed. Just 10 cheetahes could survive and they reproduced each other. Therefore ,genetically identical cheetahes have been born. That is why, if environmental pollutıon effects a cheetah , actually it effects all type of cheetahes . Scientist cannot help them but genetic engineers can protect endangered animals by cloning techniques. For example, if an old animal which lives in a zoo is endangered and even it is different from wild life ,then genetic engineers can be cloning it and they provide variety among the same...

...gimnazija Sarajevo
IB Middle Years Programme
Biology
Molecular biology
Cloning
AOI: AtL, HI, C&S
Teacher: Elvira Kukuljac
Class: I2 MYP ¸
Cloning is process of creating object which has exact genetic material as another one.1 It is very interesting field of biology for scientists as well as other people, but we still do not know much about how humans can be cloned. Method of cloning is very simple when it comes to explaining steps of it, but experimentally it is very hard to obtain it. However, humans have not been cloned yet, but animals and plants have. First animal cloned was frog in 1950s. There are three types of cloning – reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and DNA cloning. 2
Reproductive cloning is type of cloning where genetic material from donor cell is taken and put into egg cell of surrogate mother. 3 Then, the egg cell is put into uterus of host organism, and with usage of mild electric shock is forced to divide, so producing embryo. 4 This process results in the creation of new animal. In 1996, Scottish scientists announced that first animal was cloned. It was sheep – Dolly. 5 Even though this process has not been brought to perfection, it can help us in many aspects of...

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Argumentative Essay
Medical Practices
Starting in 1997, when the very first mammal ever cloned-a sheep named Dolly-there have been many debates over cloning and genetic mapping.
The act of cloning and genetic mapping that occurs both in humans and in animals is morally wrong as both researchers and non-researchers tend to take advantage of these very touchy situations. There are many risks involved in reproductive cloning such as; failure resulting in death or mutations, people “playing god” by adjusting the way there babies look or animals look/act, and even if an animal is born healthy, there are many health factors that the animal will have to deal with until they die. Now, there are, on the other hand, many benefits to cloning and genetic mapping. One, for example, is helping keep endangered species from going extinct by cloning the offspring or adults. Another example is more advanced research on diseases and health of both humans and animals by providing a possible cure in the genome. Also, cloning can and often is used to clone a failed organ such as a liver or a lung instead of donating that same organ. Until further research is established and less animals and humans lives are lost, though, cloning and genetic mapping will be unethical and inhumane.
Studies show that over 90% of all reproductive cloning will fail or the animals or humans born,...

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Cloning - is the technique of making an identical copy of something.
DNA (ДНК) - stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, is defined as a nucleic acid that contains the genetic code.
Cell (клетка) is the smallest part of a man, animal or plant that is able to function independently.
Stem cell (стволовая клетка) is a type of cell that can produce other cells which are able to develop into any kind of cell in the body.
Embryonic cell
№4 Cloning
In biology,cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually.
№ 5 History of Cloning
Frogs were the first animals to be cloned using embryonic cells, in the early 1950's. By the early 1980's embryonic cell techniques were being used to clone laboratory animals, including mice; and livestock, including cattle and sheep. In 1996 a lamb (called Dolly) was the first vertebrate cloned from an adult body cell. In 1998 researchers cloned dozens of mice from adult body cells. The resulting mouse clones were then themselves cloned, producing multiple generations of cloned mice.
№ 6 The advances in cloning techniques in the late 1990's increased the likelihood that human beings could be cloned, raising concerns about the ethics of doing so. In response to such concerns, several nations banned government-funded research into...

...Cloning
Have you ever wished you could have a clone of yourself to do homework while you sleep or go out with your friends? Imagine if you could really do that. Where would you start? Cloning is a type of genetic engineering; this is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This in simpler term means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two. There are three species that can be cloned, which are: human, animal and plant. When the media report on cloning, they are usually talking about the two types of human cloning: reproductive and therapeutic cloning.
The first type, reproductive cloning is the creation of many copies of an individual sharing the same set of genes. This process involves removing one or more cells from an embryo and encouraging the cells to develop into a separate embryo. This procedure has not yet been successfully carried out on human embryos but has been carried out on animals.
Types of cloning : In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. The term also refers to...

...The word cloning describes many different processes that can be use to make identical copies of existing organisms or object. The copied object has the same genetic makeup as the original, the copied material is a clone. Scientist have cloned many biological materials such as genes, cells, tissues, and whole organism like dolly the sheep. There is also natural clones, some plants and single celled organisms like bacteria make genetically identical off springs through a process called asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, a new organism is made from a copy of a single cell from the parent organism. Identical twins are also natural clones and they happen in humans and other animals. Twins are produced when a fertilized egg splits, creating two or more embryos that carry almost identical DNA. Identical twins have almost the same genetic makeup as each other, but they are genetically different from the parent.There are three different types of artificial cloning reproductive cloning, gene cloning and therapeutic cloning.Gene cloning makes copies of genes or parts of DNA. Reproductive cloning makes copies of whole animals. Therapeutic cloning makes embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues which is why I support this type of research. Gene cloning, also known as DNA cloning, is a very...

...Cloning is a process in which an exact replica is made from an organism, cell, or tissue. The duplicate contains the same genetic information as the original. When most people think of cloning they think of the cloning of humans that is seen in movies. Cloning can occur in many ways than just one.
A lot of cloning happens naturally. Bacteria are an example of naturally occurring cloning. Bacteria can produce a genetically identical offspring through a process called asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, a new individual is generated from a copy of a single cell from the parent organism. There are also many other single-celled organisms like bacteria that produce asexually. Identical twins are also an example natural cloning. Identical twins occur when a fertilized egg splits. This creates two or more embryos that have almost the same DNA.
Another type of cloning is artificial cloning. This is done in three different ways; gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning is a process in which a duplicate copy of another organism is made. To make this type clone a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is “a technique in which the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated...

...21 November 2012
The Uses and Risks of Cloning
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have an exact replica of yourself? For many years scientists have been trying to understand and improve the process of cloning. According to the Genetic Science Learning Center at the University of Utah, “Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!” There are many ways cloning is used that scientists are working on. For example, there is therapeutic cloning, reproductive cloning, animal models of disease, and pharming. However, even though science is progressing there are many risks of cloning.
The first use of cloning is therapeutic cloning. This type of cloning shows the most potential for medical improvement. Therapeutic cloning is used to make an embryonic clone. First, DNA is taken out of the person and inserted into an egg cell, which is the female reproductive cell. Once the cell is fooled into believing it has been fertilized in a body it starts to divide. When the cells grow into an embryo and stem cells are taken out of it and grown in a lab to make replacement organs, such as hearts, livers and skin. They can also be injected into a patient to grow tissues or organs to treat various ailments and diseases such...