Health

Inactivation of papillomavirus by low concentrations of povidone-iodine

Article Abstract:

Povidone-iodine appears effective in inactivating the bovine papillomavirus (PV). Povidone-iodine is an antiseptic. Bovine papillomavirus is similar to human papilloma virus, the causative agent of genital warts, which is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Bovine PV was incubated with various concentrations of povidone-iodine before placing the solution in contact with mouse cells. Two weeks later, the mouse cells were evaluated for the presence of infection. Bovine virus was 99.9% inactivated by 0.03% concentrations of povidone-iodine. This concentration is below that found in commercially available povidone-iodine douches. Drawbacks of using povidone-iodine as a spermicide or microbicide include the need for repeated use, permanent staining of synthetic fabrics, the possibility of iodine allergy, and the fact that the iodine is absorbed and can affect both adult and fetal thyroid gland.

The application of household expenditure data in the development of anti-smoking campaigns

Article Abstract:

A study examining the socioeconomic status factors governing the anti-smoking campaigns is presented. The study also aims to examine the financial costs associated with smoking from a household perspective and to compare the survey data so as to have enough evidence pertaining to smokers reporting on their behavior. The study has been carried out in Australia.