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adenosine triphosphate Articles

Simultaneous single–molecule force spectroscopy and microfluorescence binding measurements are often hampered by background fluorescence from the bulk. Zero–Mode Waveguides (ZMW) restrict the excited volume but require a special design, which allows the tip of the force probing cantilever to protrude into the nanoaperture. Here, we describe the design and fabrication of such ZMW and report the ...

Biomolecular motors are normally single or complex biomolecules exerting mechanical forces over molecular and cellular scales. The ATP-fuelled biomolecular motors can transduce the chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into forces and motions in cells. In biomolecular motors, transport reactions are both stoichiometric and enzymatic. We outline a mechanochemical theoretical framework for ...

ABSTRACT Biological wastewater treatment processes harness the ability of microorganisms to break down and assimilate organic compounds that, if left untreated, cause detriment to the environment. Although this process occurs naturally, engineered systems are used to accelerate the process by optimizing bioreactor conditions to promote higher-than-typical biomass concentrations, thus ...

The exergetic efficiency of ATP production in the brain is assessed using two competing models: 1) the classical model, where both neuron and the astrocyte metabolise glucose; 2) the astrocyte–neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis (ANLSH), where astrocytes metabolise glucose to lactate, then shuttle it to the neuron for aerobic respiration. Exergy analyses showed that ATP production in neuronal ...

Biological wastewater treatment systems require living biomass to remove biodegradable contaminants from wastewater. Effective treatment is directly dependent on the concentration of healthy biomass. It stands to reason that having an easy method to directly measure the quantity and quality of living biomass would be tremendously beneficial to the operation of biological wastewater ...

Biological wastewater treatment processes harness the ability of microorganisms to break down and assimilate organic compounds that, if left untreated, cause detriment to the environment. Although this process occurs naturally, engineered systems are used to accelerate the process by optimizing bioreactor conditions to promote higher-than-typical biomass concentrations, thus increasing the rate ...

ABSTRACTBiological wastewater treatment processes harness the ability of microorganisms to break down and assimilate organic compounds that, if left untreated, cause detriment to the environment. Although this process occurs naturally, engineered systems are used to accelerate the process by optimizing bioreactor conditions to promote higher-than-typical biomass concentrations, thus increasing ...

Cadmium (Cd) may pose risks to freshwater organisms, including crabs that live at the interface of sediments and water column all year round. One of the major changes that occur during oocyte maturation of crabs is the production of vitellin (Vn). In the present study, we investigated the effects of Cd on oocyte size, Vn level, and vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA expression in the ovary of the ...

Every developed and adapted biological system extracts useful energy from outside, converts, stores it, and uses for muscular contraction, substrate transport, protein synthesis, and other energy utilising processes. This energy management in a living cell is called the bioenergetics, and the useful energy is the exergy, which is destroyed in every irreversible process because of the entropy ...

In October, we featured Part I of a three-part series on "Getting a Handle on Living Biomass in Wastewater Treatment." Here, we present Part II of the series which focuses on a revolutionary breakthrough technology that uses Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) for the measurement of total microbiological content in a given sample. Through years of successful research, development, and field application, ...

Rubrivivax gelatinosus has the potential of biomass resource recycling combined with sewage purification. However, low biomass production and yield restricts the potential for sewage purification. Thus, this research investigated the improvement of biomass production and yield and organics reduction by Fe3+ in R. gelatinosus wastewater treatment. Results ...

Abstract: Of the 485,000 annual cases of pneumonia-like sickness in the USA, approximately 15% are attributed to Legionnaire’s Disease. This typically results in health care costs of over $600 million (1, 2, 3). For the most part, these incidents can be prevented through effective monitoring and treatment. Since Legionella thrive within microbial biofilms and ...

This constitutes the first study to report on the use of a novel approach to determine inactivation in PUV-irradiated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts suspended in water based on the measurement of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. This study also compares the efficiency of a novel ATP assay to that of using the combined in vitro HCT-8 cell culture – ...

Most planetary protection research has concentrated on characterizing viable bioloads on spacecraft surfaces, developing techniques for bioload reduction prior to launch, and studying the effects of simulated martian environments on microbial survival. Little research has examined the persistence of biogenic signature molecules on spacecraft ...

The biomass production potential (BPP) test is a semi-static test for assessment of microbial growth promoting properties of construction products in contact with drinking water (CPDW). In 2003 the test was selected for incorporation into a scheme for acceptance of CPDW in the framework of implementation of the European Construction Product Directive and Drinking Water Directive. The pass/fail ...

The activated sludge process is an old technology, but still the most commonly used one for treatment of wastewater. Despite the wide spread usage the technology still suffers from instability (Tandoi et al. 2006) and high operating cost. Activated sludge processes often carry a large solids inventory. Managing the total inventory without interference is the key component of the optimization ...

Literature data on the effect of calcium on biofilm structures induced a preliminary study. The effect of calcium removal by water softening (<1.0 mg Ca2+.L−1) under real-world drinking water conditions on biofilm formation was studied in a pilot plant with reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and in a laboratory-scale biofilm production unit (BPU) with plasticized polyvinyl chloride ...

As microbiological parameters are important in monitoring the correct operation of wastewater treatment plants and controlling the microbiological quality of wastewater, the abundances of total bacteria (including intact and damaged bacterial cells) and total viruses in wastewater were investigated using a combination of ultrasonication and flow cytometry. The comparisons between flow cytometry ...

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