1.
Fremantle
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Fremantle is a major Australian port city in Western Australia, located at the mouth of the Swan River. Fremantle Harbour serves as the port of Perth, the state capital, Fremantle was the first area settled by the Swan River colonists in 1829. It was declared a city in 1929, and has a population of approximately 27,000, the city is named after Captain Charles Fremantle, the English naval officer who established a camp at the site on 2 May 1829. The city contains well-preserved 19th century buildings and other heritage features, the Western Australian vernacular diminutive for Fremantle is Freo. The Nyungar name for the area is Walyallup, Fremantle lies on a series of limestone hills known by the Nyungar people as Booyeembara, the sandplain to the east is Gardoo. The original vegetation of the area was mainly Xanthorrhoea and eucalyptus trees, the central part of the suburb extends eastwards to include Royal Fremantle Golf Club and a suburban area south of Marmion Street and west of Carrington Street. The City of Fremantle local government area also includes the suburbs of Beaconsfield, Hilton, North Fremantle, OConnor, Samson, South Fremantle, East Fremantle has its own town council and is not governed by the City of Fremantle. Fremantle is the end of the Fremantle railway line runs from Perth to Fremantle. Major highways including Stirling Highway, Canning Highway and Leach Highway have Fremantle as their start point and/or terminus, the regular sea breeze is known as the Fremantle Doctor, as it provides cooling relief from the summer heat when it arrives between noon and 3pm. The traditional owners of the land on which the city of Fremantle is built are the Whadjuk Noongar people who called the area Walyalup, to the local Noongar people, Fremantle is a place of ceremonies, significant cultural practices and trading. For millennia the Noongar people met there in spring and autumn to feast on fish, today, Whadjuk and other Noongars continue to gather and meet in Walyalup and at Manjaree. The area was considered as a site for possible British settlement in 1827 and his favourable report was welcomed by the British Government, who had for some time been suspicious of French colonial intentions towards the western portion of Australia. As a result of Stirlings report, Captain Charles Howe Fremantle of HMS Challenger, the settlement of Perth began on 12 August 1829. Captain Fremantle left the colony on 25 August after providing much assistance to Stirling in setting up the colony and it was then that Stirling decided to name the port settlement Fremantle. In early September 1829 the merchant vessel Anglesea grounded at Gage Roads and she did not break up, as had been expected, but instead survived to become Western Australias first prison hulk. Lotus, which arrived on 10 October 1829, became the vessel to land immigrants at Fremantle. On 1 June 1850, the first convicts arrived at Fremantle aboard the Scindian, the thirty-seventh and last convict ship to dock at Fremantle was the Hougoumont on 10 January 1868, signalling the end of penal transportation to Australia. During this period, notorious South Sea pirate Bully Hayes lived in Fremantle with his fiancée Miss Scott, in 1897, Irish-born engineer C. Y

2.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia

3.
Perth
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Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The citys population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia. During Australias involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for operating in the Pacific Theatre. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, Aboriginal people have inhabited the Perth area for 38,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological remains at Upper Swan. The Noongar people occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia and lived as hunter-gatherers, the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain were particularly important to them, both spiritually and as a source of food. The Noongar people know the area where Perth now stands as Boorloo, Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagongas group, one of several based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar. The judgment was overturned on appeal, the first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia, said that Perth was as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship, Sulphur. The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Fremantles diary entry for 12 August, Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. The town was named after the Scottish Perth, in Murrays honour, the racial relations between the Noongar people and the Europeans were strained due to these happenings. Because of the amount of building in and around Boorloo

4.
Toodyay, Western Australia
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Toodyay, known as Newcastle between 1860 and 1910, is a town on the Avon River in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia,85 kilometres north-east of Perth on Ballardong Nyoongar land. The first European settlement occurred in the area in 1836, after flooding in the 1850s, the townsite was moved to its current location in the 1860s. It is connected by railway and road to Perth, during the 1860s, it was home to bushranger Moondyne Joe. The original village of Toodyay was one of the earliest inland towns in Western Australia, the first village was established in 1836. Drummond established his homestead Hawthornden nearby, the original location is subject to flooding, which led to its abandonment in the 1850s, and a new townsite was established on higher ground 2 kilometres upstream. This was proclaimed by Governor Arthur Kennedy on 1 October 1860 as Newcastle, the Shire of Toodyays official history gives the meaning as place of plenty. According to Noongar belief, a bird calls its own name and this name Duidgee is preserved in the riverside recreation area Duidgee Park. Toodyay is also known as the place that is misty and foggy, the Newcastle Gaol, in Clinton Street, completed in 1864, was in use as a state prison until 1909. It is now preserved as a building and tourist attraction. In 1870, a flour mill, Connors Mill, was built on Stirling Terrace by George Hasell. The mill was used to generate electricity in the early twentieth century. Saved from demolition in the 1970s, and restored to demonstrate the process and machinery. The historic architecture of shops and residences along the street, Stirling Terrace. Some of the buildings are listed on the Australian Heritage Database. They include the Freemasons Hotel, the Victoria Hotel, and Urwins Store on Stirling Terrace, in 1861, Western Australias notorious bushranger Moondyne Joe was imprisoned in Toodyay for stealing a horse, but escaped. After a series of crimes and prison terms, he was on the run again, the annual Moondyne Festival is a light-hearted celebration of this darker side of Toodyays history. Being an hours drive from Perth, present day Toodyay is a venue for tourists. A picturesque circuit of Toodyay Road through Gidgegannup, Toodyay, Chittering Valley, other destinations include olive oil farms, lavender farms, holiday retreats, hotels, restaurants, caravan parks, an emu farm and a public archery park

5.
Fremantle Cemetery
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Fremantle Cemetery is a 46-hectare cemetery located in the eastern part of Fremantle, Western Australia. Established in 1898, it is known as the resting place of Bon Scott, several murderers. There have been over 60,000 cremations and over 40,000 burials there, the grave of Scott, the AC/DC singer, has been said to be the most visited grave in Australia. Fremantle Cemetery covers 46 hectares and dates back to 1898 and it is the third public cemetery in Fremantle. The first was in Alma Street, which closed in 1855 and is now a primary school, the second, at Skinner Street, started in 1852 and was operating until 1899, when this cemetery was already open. Burials were transferred by families from earlier cemeteries to here, including Mary Anne Morrell who died in 1832, hers is one of the oldest gravestones and was moved here from Alma Street by her family in 1915. In 1930 ninety other gravestones were moved from Skinner Street to here, the Skinner Street cemetery is now the location of the Oval belonging to the John Curtin College of the Arts, where it is estimated 200 bodies still remain. Over 40,000 burials have taken place at this cemetery, for its first sixty years the cemetery was dedicated to burials but in 1959 a crematorium was opened here which allowed an alternative to those who preferred it. Over 66,000 cremations have taken place here, the cemetery often uses limestone in its buildings, which reflects the towns convict-built architecture. The cemetery is on the corner of Carrington Street and Leach Highway, the cemetery has a trail that visitors can use to explore its heritage. The first grave on the trail is that of Saverio Pensabene, a local fisherman. He became rich after the war when lobsters became fashionable, the second grave, that of Bon Scott, has been reported as the most visited grave in Australia. Many AC/DC pilgrims come to the cemetery to have a beer with Bon as seen in the movie Thunderstruck and its plaque has been stolen several times, and the visitors often leave ephemera like CDs by way of respect. The plaque, a bench and Scotts remains are an Australian National Monument, the third notable grave is Sir Henry Briggs, a headmaster who went into politics. Mary Ann Morrell is mentioned because of her gravestones age, whilst the next is partially important because of the gravestones height, the tall granite and marble memorial to Percival Mulligan was imported from Italy by the grieving parents of this young speedway star. The memorial is over 4.5 metres tall and is said to have cost the same as a house, thomas Clarke Edwards had the largest funeral witnessed after an over-enthusiastic policeman hit him whilst he was at a protest that turned into the 1919 Fremantle Wharf riot. Henry Vincent was at the end of the spectrum. He was a cruel gaoler of aboriginal prisoners on Rottnest Island and he was buried here in 1867

6.
Canning River (Western Australia)
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The Canning River is a major tributary of the Swan River in south western Western Australia. The crew subsequently named the mouth Entrée Moreau after Charles Moreau, convicts partly constructed and maintained the Canning River Convict Fence. This structure is still a landmark to this day. It was built primarily for the use of barges carrying timber from Masons Timber Mill in the Darling Ranges, the river is home to much wildlife including dolphins, pelicans, swans and many other bird species. Algal blooms occur naturally in the Canning River system, they are caused by a buildup of nutrients in the river, human activities including farming, residential gardens and parklands are the major causes of increases in levels, the blooms are potentially toxic to both mammal and marine life. The Swan River Trust monitors the levels of nutrients and growth of the algae issuing warnings, the Trust also operates cleanup programs to reduce the amount of nutrients reaching the river, as well phosphorus removal and oxygenation in areas were blooms have been identified. However, it is possible that Azolla carpets can cause deoxygenation, head of the River Mount Henry Canning Dam Canning River Regional Park Islands of Perth, Western Australia Brearley, Anne. Ernest Hodgkins Swanland, estuaries and coastal lagoons of South-western Australia, university of Western Australia Press for the Ernest Hodgkin Trust for Estuary Education and Research and National Trust of Australia. Canning River Regional Park, Western Australia, historical survey, Perth, W. A. Dept. of Planning and Urban Development. Along the Canning, A History of the City of Canning Western Australia, Covering its progress from Roads Board to Shire, to Town, to City City of Canning

7.
Western Australian Legislative Assembly
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The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, the Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts. Members are elected using the voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the voting age of 18. Most legislation in Western Australia is initiated in the Legislative Assembly, the party or coalition that can command a majority in the Legislative Assembly is invited by the Governor to form a government. As Australian political parties traditionally vote along party lines, most legislation introduced by the party will pass through the House of Assembly. The Legislative Assembly was the first elected legislature in Western Australia, having been created in 1890 and it initially consisted of 30 members, all of whom were elected, although only male landowners could vote. This replaced a system where the Governor was responsible for most legislative matters, suffrage was extended to all adult males in 1893, although Indigenous Australians were specifically excluded. Women gained the right to vote in 1899, making Western Australia the second of the Australian colonies to do so. In 1921, Edith Cowan became the first woman to be elected to parliament anywhere in Australia when she won the Legislative Assembly seat of West Perth for the Nationalist Party, for many years, Western Australia used a zonal electoral system for both houses of parliament. In most Australian jurisdictions, each state represents an approximately equal number of voters. However, in Western Australia, until 2008 an MP represented 28,519 voters in greater Perth or 14,551 country voters. There has been strong support over time in some quarters for the principle of one vote one value,30 votes as a majority are required to pass legislation

8.
Donnybrook, Western Australia
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Donnybrook is a town situated between Boyanup and Kirup on the South Western Highway,210 kilometres south of Perth, Western Australia. The town is the centre of production in Western Australia. The town is known for its picturesque abundance of English Oak trees. The town of Donnybrook was gazetted in 1894 and it was first settled around 1842 when George Nash and others moved to the area. They named the place Donnybrook after the suburb of Dublin, Ireland that they came from, the eastern part of the town was formerly called Minninup. The western portion of the townsite is currently known as Irishtown, the population of the town was 430 in 1898. In 1897, Richard Hunter discovered gold about 6 kilometres south of the Donnybrook townsite, Hunter eventually sold out to Fred Camilleri and Camilleri was able to interest the internationally renowned Polish geologist Modest Maryanski. It was on the basis of Maryanskis report that a new company Donnybrook Goldfields Ltd was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1899. A mini gold rush occurred, resulting in the Government gazetting the Donnybrook Goldfield - in the process making provision for a new town to be called Goldtown, from the census of 1901, it was known over 200 gold miners were camped on the goldfields. The excitement was short-lived however, and the Hunters Venture mine closed in August 1903, the area was worked during the Great Depression by locals Laurie and Foster Payne, then re-pegged and explored during the 1980s and again from 2004-5. Donnybrook is the home of Western Australias apple industry, in 1900, the first Granny Smith apple tree was planted, and the apple orchard industry grew after World War I. Apples are harvested between March and May, with apple blossoms prominent in October, donnybrooks industries also include timber, beef, dairy and viticulture. Many visiting backpackers earn money by picking fruit from orchards in the area between November and June, Donnybrook has many town icons bearing the apple. On the main street, apple-shaped lights line the entrance of the Old Railway Station and these lights have recently been restored. Atop the east Donnybrook hill is a 20-metre-high tower with an apple at the top, the apple is part of The Big Apple Tourist & Wildlife Park, and from the top of the apple, visitors can view Donnybrook and its surrounding areas. The Lady William big apple is made of fibreglass and is 7.5 metres tall with a diameter of 6.5 metres, the Apple FunPark, the largest free-entry playground in Australia, opened in Easter 2008 in time for the Donnybrook Apple Festival. The fruit-themed park has play equipment and an exercise area. The Old Goldfields Orchard & Cider Factory houses a museum that documents the rise

9.
City of Gosnells
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The City covers an area of 128 square kilometres, much of which is state forest rising into the Darling Scarp to the east, and had a population of 106,585 at the 2011 Census. Gosnells Road District was created out of the abolished Canning Road District on 1 July 1907, industry in the form of brickworks were introduced to Beckenham in the early 1990s. Between 1912-15 fruit fly wiped out all of the stone fruit crops in the region and many farmers turned to dairying. Irrigation was vital due to sandy, infertile soils of Canning Vale, in 1923, the City received land from Jandakot Road District when that entity was abolished. Significant development did not occur until the post-war years, the population grew from 7,400 in 1954 to about 11,000 in 1966, and then to 21,000 in 1970. On 1 July 1961, Gosnells Road District became a Shire following enactment of the Local Government Act 1960, on 1 July 1973 it became a Town and exactly four years later it attained City status. The primary housing market role that the City has been to provide affordable home owning opportunities for families, the present mayor is Cr Olwen Searle. There are currently no wards within the City of Gosnells with the entire electorate represented by 12 councillors, the mayor is now elected by popular vote from the elected councillors. Prior to 2011, the city was divided into 3 wards, each of 4 councillors