Diagnosis of Heart Failure

The doctor may suspect heart failure based on your medical history and symptoms, such as shortness of breath or edema. A complete physical exam will be done to look for other characteristic signs of heart failure, such as:

Your doctor may recommend tests to confirm the diagnosis and assess the degree of damage. Some tests can also eliminate other health conditions with symptoms similar to heart failure. Examples of these tests include:

Blood tests—To look for other conditions, such as
anemia
, thyroid disorders, and
high cholesterol
. Blood tests evaluate the functioning of your kidneys and liver.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)—A hormone that is elevated in the blood when the heart is under strain. This is used as an indicator for heart failure.

Electrocardiogram
(EKG)—The EKG records the electrical activity of your heart through 12 electrodes attached to the skin. This test will help diagnose heart rhythm problems, muscle abnormalities, and damage to the heart from a
heart attack
.

Exercise stress test
—This test records the heart's electrical activity during increased physical activity. It may be coupled with an echocardiogram or myocardial perfusion imaging. People who cannot exercise may be given IV medication that simulates the effects of physical exertion.

Echocardiogram
—Ultrasound to evaluate the function of the heart's valves and chambers, and determine the amount of blood ejected from the heart with each heartbeat. An echocardiogram also can detect structural damage, tumors, or excess fluid around the heart.

Myocardial perfusion imaging
—Contrast material is used to observe the heart muscle. Areas with diminished blood flow can be detected on the scan.

Coronary angiography
and
coronary catheterization—These tests help to detect obstruction in the arteries of the heart and assesses heart function.
Testing to check for blockage in the coronary arteries is recommended for some individuals with heart failure, especially younger people and people with symptoms of chest pain and
angina
.

CT angiography—Contast material is used to detect areas with diminished blood flow.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.