What is an investigation?
What are the categories of investigations?
What is the investigation process?
What is a Criminal Investigation?
What is a Crime?
How reliable are criminal investigations?
What kinds of criminal Investigations exist?

What is an investigation?
The process of trying to find out all the details or facts about something.

Was there election fraud and were fraudulent individuals placed in the state and outside the state?
Has an individual been placed fraudulently as president who is a liar and a badly behaved, harmful individual?
These are administrative and criminal investigation questions.

Why is it necessary to circulate alert during investigations?
Take a look at this.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography

Profiles of individuals displayed at this resources.
Many individuals displayed at this resource are actually fraudsters. Verify relevance to each individual from various sources regarding truthfulness, good behavior and public service focus.

What is a background investigator?
What makes a background investigation quick?
Why is a background investigation of a person essential?
How long does a background investigation take?
Here are further guidelines.

When, where, and what has happened?
What damage was done by this incident?
What was the intensity of explosions?
What type of chemicals, explosives were utilized?
What was the motive of the Bombing (Explosion)?
If materials accidentally caught fire, why did not the manufacturer issue preventive measures to prevent accidental fire of explosive materials?
How is mass spectrometer utilized in identifying substance, for example explosive material?
Who utilizes mass spectrometer?
What should first responder do if he or she detects bomb (explosion) at specific location?
If there is an explosion, is this always a bomb?
Was there criminal wrongdoing on August 13, 2015, Tianjin, Asia?
What some similar explosions occurred in the past?
Questions that further need to be answered.
Who was the manufacturer of the explosive materials?
What kind of bomb was used in the incident?
Was bombing done with local individuals or local individuals in collaboration with individuals abroad?
What kind of Bomb fragments, residue from the explosive, bits of electronics were found?
Was there any Explosive taggants?
What is the mailing address of manufacturer of Bomb or Explosive materials utilized in this specific explosion?
What is response of the manufacturer of Bomb or Explosive materials utilized in this specific incident?
Here are further guidelines.

What questions needs to be answered?
When, where, and what has happened?
Why did this happen?
How did this happen?
Who all are involved?
Who reported or complained about the incident?
Is this one incident or many incidents with many criminals involved that makes this a criminal conspiracy?
Who witnessed the incident?
What medium of communications was utilized?
What other facts are relevant to the incident?
What statements were issued?

Complainant:

Who has filed this complaint?
What is the profile of the individual with first name, last name, home address, work address, phone, email?

Alleged Offender(s):

Who are the alleged offenders?
What is the profile of the alleged Offender or offenders?
Was the alleged offender on duty, duty related, or off duty?
Was the alleged offender one person, many people, department in the state or outside the state, company or any other entity involved?
What concept of felony/felonies or misdemeanor/s is applicable to the situation?
When, where, how, what best describes the harms from offenders?
What punishments do they deserve?
What questions remain unanswered?

There can be an aviation investigator.
Specific department investigator in the state.

Arrest, charge, citation: Is there a difference?

What are examples of felony crimes and misdemeanor crimes?
Murder
Rape
Fraud
Assault without provocation
Misinterpretation of facts
Lying
Damage to property
Criminal conspiracy
Embezzlement
Other similar crimes.

Is the offense a class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 felony or class 1, 2, 3, or 4 misdemeanor relevant to state criminal law?

Did the accused do anything like murder, rape, fraud, assault, misrepresentation of facts, embezzlement, lying, damage to property, or criminal conspiracy?

As soon as the police receive a call that a crime is in progress, they send officers to the scene of the crime as soon as possible. The officers may be able to catch the criminal right on the scene. The officers will then make an arrest take the criminal(s) to the police station or the county jail for booking.

Unsolved crimes

When does the case go to police investigator or detective?
If a crime was not observed in progress and was particularly serious or complicated, the police may assign the case to a detective. He/she will then manage a team of investigators to develop a list of suspects and find the actual criminal defendant.

Here are further guidelines.
What is the investigation process?
The questions you need to answer relevant to an investigation depends on the type of investigation.

What type of investigation is this?

Here are questions generally required to be answered in an investigation.

Police

Deciding what action to take
Conducting an investigation

What are the issues?
What are the different solutions?
Who has the answer?
Who is wiilling to answer?
Who has the duty and responsibility to answer?

What are you trying to achieve in the investigation?
What facts are known about the issues?
What facts do you need to find out?
What questions have already been answered?
What questions need to be answered?
Who all are involved?
What caused it?
How did it happen?
What punishments do they deserve?
What are you trying to find out?
Who, what, when, where, how, and why relevant to issues or crimes?
What was the motive of criminals behind these crimes?
Sexual crimes under false pretexts.
Felonies under various false pretexts.

What should you do if you are having a difficult criminal investigation?
Connect various dots.
Put various pieces together.
The puzzle will unfold.

Can anyone commit sexual exploitation of women, sexual abuse, or criminal conspiracy and justify it by declaring he or she adhered to labor laws?
No.

What are the duties of a correction department investigator in the state?
Administrative and criminal matters regarding staff, inmates, and even the public.
Exonerate those they find wrongfully accused.
Facility investigation.
Inmate issues Investigation.
Prosecution of those who have harmed and are harming others.
Prosecution of those making malicious and false accusations.
http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/statedepartmentofcorrectionalservices.html

Is a crime scene always one specific location or area?
Why and when is a crime scene investigation conducted?
What kind of results can be expected from the crime scene investigation process?
What are the limitations of the crime scene investigation process?
How is quality control and quality assurance performed?
What information does the report include and how are the results interpreted?
Are there any misconceptions or anything else about crime scene investigation that would be important to the non-scientist?

>

Is a crime scene always one specific location or area?
No, it is not.

An offender with or without associates might lure under malicious pretext, kidnap at one location (primary crime scene), transport the victim (the car, aircraft being a secondary crime scene), commit another crime at a distant location (murder, for instance) and then dispose of the body at a fourth scene.
Usually, such criminals maintain criminal silence.
Here are further guidelines.

Individuals Involved

What questions needs to be answered?
When, where, and what has happened?
Why did this happen?
How did this happen?
Who all are involved?
Who reported or complained about the incident?
Is this one incident or many incidents with many criminals involved that makes this a criminal conspiracy?
Who witnessed the incident?
What medium of communications was utilized?
What other facts are relevant to the incident?
What statements were issued?

Complainant:

Who has filed this complaint?
What is the profile of the individual with first name, last name, home address, work address, phone, email?

Alleged Offender(s):

Who are the alleged offenders?
What is the profile of the alleged Offender or offenders?
Was the alleged offender on duty, duty related, or off duty?
Was the alleged offender one person, many people, department in the state or outside the state, company or any other entity involved?
What concept of felony/felonies or misdemeanor/s is applicable to the situation?
When, where, how, what best describes the harms from offenders?
What punishments do they deserve?
What questions remain unanswered?

What kind of results can be expected from the crime scene investigation process?
A crime scene investigation should provide detailed documentation of the condition of the scene and a collection of evidentiary items that can be analyzed to assist the investigation. As forensic technologies and laboratory techniques continue to improve and become more sophisticated, the value of the trace and biological evidence that is collected at a scene has increased enormously.

What are the limitations of the crime scene investigation process?
The ability of investigators to collect certain evidence may also be limited if, by collecting one type of evidence, they must compromise another.

What information does the report include and how are the results interpreted?
Date/time when technicians arrive
Weather conditions at the scene
Perpetrator’s point of entry and exit (if this can be determined)
Theory about perpetrator’s movements/actions
List of evidence collected
List of photos/videos taken
Vehicle descriptions
Emergency medical personnel documents
Sketches/diagrams of the scene
List of related subjects (suspects, victim, others involved)

What is the difference between legal case evaluation and medical case evaluation?
In medical case evaluation, more than 7,000 medical conditions are kept in mind in various health care settings.

In legal case evaluation, 490 criminal offenses are kept in mind in various health care and legal settings.
The 490 criminal offenses are part of the 7,000 medical conditions all medical doctors must know.
The 490 criminal offenses are part of medical Jurisprudence that all doctors must know.
Ten civil cases are kept in mind while doing legal case evaluation.
A medical doctor should know legal case evaluation and medical case evaluation in various settings.

What should you do if you detect basic human rights violations?
In case of basic human rights violations, immediate solutions and remedies are required.
The case you are dealing is an extreme human rights violation.
Alert everyone that this is an extreme case of human rights violations.
The victim suffers from extreme human rights violations.

What type of case is this?
Civil
Criminal (felony, misdemeanor)
Infraction
The issue is not even an infraction.

What is applicable to this case scenario?
The code of civil procedure.
The code of criminal procedure.
Legal crisis.
Legal emergency.
Legal citation.
Legal summons.

What classification of law is applicable to this situation?
Felony.
Misdemeanor.
Infraction.
Malicious prosecution.
Civil case.
Civil case with parallel criminal proceedings.

Criminal cases

What questions do you need to answer relevant to your profile?

Do you need legal help?

_________________________

Do you need legal help, medical help, or both?

_________________________

What is your first name and last name on record?

_________________________

What is your date of birth?

_________________________

What is the place of your birth?

_________________________

What is your mailing address?

_________________________

How long have you lived at this location?

_________________________

How old are you?

_________________________

Is the address you have given your home, home office, or only residence?

_________________________

Were you a good student, average student, or below average student in high school?

_________________________

What has been your legal track record after 18 years of life?

_________________________

What is your gender?

_________________________

What are your assets?

_________________________

What are your abilities and skills?

_________________________

Do you understand, speak, read, and write the English language?

_________________________

What languages can you understand, speak, read, and write?

_________________________

Do you have any duties?

_________________________

Who assigned you these duties?

_________________________

What was your mailing address from birth until now?

_________________________

Where do you live now?

_________________________

How long have you lived at this address?

_________________________

What is your contact information including current mailing address, telephone, e-mail, and any other details, and person to contact in case of emergency?

What are controversial issues or harms that have occurred?
Is it controversy or harms?
What do you know about controversial issues?
What do you know about harms that have occurred?
What questions need to be answered?

Age of all involved.

What is the age of those involved?
Who are the victims?
Does the victim know about harms?
Does he/she know about relevant issues?
What issues am I having?
In how many issues you are required to bring remedies?

Duration of harm

What best describes the harms?
Single incident.
Multiple incidents.
Prolonged harms for many years.

What can be various punishments?
Confiscate assets of those involved in harms.
Death penalty.
Disciplinary action against those involved in harms.
Imprisonment under pretext of public safety.
Public reprimand.
Being banned from public issues instructions.
Termination of services of specific individual.

Is there a difference between controversy and harms?
Yes.

What is the difference between controversy and harms?
Controversy is also a dispute.
With harms, various criminal offenses have occurred.

In case of basic human rights violations, immediate solutions and remedies are required.
The case you are dealing is an extreme human rights violation.
Alert everyone that this is an extreme case of human rights violations.
The victim suffers from extreme human rights violations.

What type of case is this?
Civil
Criminal (felony, misdemeanor)
Infraction
The issue is not even an infraction.

What is applicable to this case scenario?
The code of civil procedure.
The code of criminal procedure.
Legal crisis.
Legal emergency.
Legal citation.
Legal summons.

What classification of law is applicable to this situation?
Felony.
Misdemeanor.
Infraction.
Malicious prosecution.
Civil case.
Civil case with parallel criminal proceedings.

Criminal cases

Have you ever been convicted of a felony?
Have you ever been convicted of a misdemeanor?
Are you currently on probation or parole?
What type of crime are you accused of?
Were you ever arrested?
Was the arrest justified or unjustified?
What was the day, month, year, and time of arrest?
What was the location of arrest?
What were the circumstances of arrest?
What did the citation of arrest reveal?
Have you ever been to court for this issue or submitted a reply to court?
What are the details?
Is this individual harmful to public safety?

Should this individual remain on the job or be terminated from service?
Terminated from service.

Should this resource remain in public service or be banned from public service?
Banned from public service.

Should this individual remain in the community of jail?
Jail.

What are the facts of the harms this individual is involved in?
See the enclosures with facts of harms from this individual.
Basic human rights violations are criminal cases.

What will happen if the basic human rights of an individual are violated?
The individual will die or have irreversible disability that requires assisted living.

Disability that needs assisted living.
Disability that does not need assisted living.

All should know that human rights violations that affect the survival needs of a human are criminal violations, not civil violations.

How do you describe the health status of the individual relevant to age of the individual?
100% mentally Fit.
100% physically Fit.

How do you describe the abilities of the individual relevant to a specific profession?

Questions of lawful fitness or safety for specific profession.
http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/personalitydisordersscreening.html

Is this individual fit for the specific profession?
No.

What is the proof this individual is not fit for the specific profession?
The individual does not have answers to the relevant questions mentioned.
The individual does not practice answers to the relevant questions mentioned.
The individual is harmful.

The individual mentioned publicly that if there is a human rights violations, “I do not care.”

Questions you need to answer

What are examples of various civil cases?
What are examples of criminal cases?
What are examples of legal emergencies?
What are examples of legal crises?
What concept of law is applicable to the situation?
What concept of criminal offense is applicable to the situation?
What are the details of the code of criminal procedure?
Complaint
What is a complaint?
What should be included in the complaint?
http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/statedepartmentofcorrectionalservices.html

What is known about this case?
What questions need to be answered relevant to this case?

What is known about this case?
Here is an example.
On the night of January 18–19, 2002, there was a disappearance of a chemist, Manzoor Ahmad Dar, a resident of Rawalpora area of Srinagar, who was taken away by Major Kishore Malhotra.

Why is this criminal activity from detainer/abducted and not an arrest?
Due process of law was not followed.

Who has filed the complaint?
Manzoor’s wife, Jana.

What type of case is this?
Missing/custodial disappearance/murder

What questions need to be answered relevant to this case?
Where is he now?
Is he dead or alive?
Where is Kishore Malhotra, who took away Manzoor Ahmad Dar on January 18–19, 2002, at Rawalpora area of Srinagar, Kashmir?
Who has the duty to answer these questions?
Who needs to be terminated from service relevant to this case?
Who needs to be taken into custody relevant to this case?
Here are further guidelines: www.qureshiuniversity.com/murder.html

Here are further guidelines.

Why are C-130 or C-17 Hercules military aircraft required in certain investigations in the state and outside the state?
A murderer like Kishore Malhotra has to be arrested and taken into custody for this murder and for public safety.

What should all officers know before getting involved in any grant awards or statutory funding limits in the state or outside the state?
Answer these questions.
What do you know about the essential commodities act in the state or outside the state?
What do you know about the essential services maintenance act in the state or outside the state?
What do you know about human rights in the state and outside the state?
What are various essential departments in the state and outside the state?
What do you know about various service rules in the state and outside the state?
What do you know about good character, good behavior, fidelity, conjugal rights, and criminal conspiracies?

What is Scientific Investigation?
What is the investigation process?
What is a research investigation?
Types of Science Investigations
What are the three types of variables?
What are experiments?

Use these questions to write about the experiment in your science book.

What will be the main aim(s) of the investigation?
What would be a suitable title? (Don’t spend long on this)
What further information will you need?
Where will this information come from?
What hypothesis or hypotheses will you be testing?
What data will you need?
How will you obtain the data?
Will you need help collecting data?
Where will you collect your data?
What equipment will you need?
What will you do about health and safety?
Are controls necessary? If so, what?
How will you analyse the data?
How will you check the data for reliability and validity?
How will you evaluate your investigation?
What constraints do you have?
How will you work out the timing of each task?
How will you keep on schedule?
What will you do if you can’t get the results that you need, for example if the
equipment does not work the way that you expected?
What will you do if you don’t get the results that you expected?
How will you know that you are going to get a good mark?

What is Scientific Investigation?
Scientific investigation is the way in which scientists and researchers use a systematic approach to answer questions about the world around us.

Types of Science Investigations

What do you know about investigations?

Types of Science Investigations

Descriptive
Comparative
Experimental

Much of science is conducted with investigations using observations that result in descriptive findings. This type of study is called descriptive investigations. Astronomers, meteorologists, and geologists often conduct descriptive investigations. Classification of leaves is an example of a descriptive investigation. Observing animal behavior in nature is another example. Descriptive investigations use careful observations and measurements to develop findings. Science journals, science logs, and field notebooks are some of the tools scientists use to gather information for descriptive investigations.

Comparative investigations involve collecting data on different organisms, objects, features, or collecting data under different conditions (e.g., times of year, temperatures, locations) to make comparisons. Identifying the boiling points of three different liquids, or using a hand lens to observe the external anatomy of 2 different insects are examples of comparative investigations.

Experimental investigations are investigations that scientists use to change a variable to determine the effect on other variables. The classic example is “What is the affect of light color on plant growth?” In this experiment, the variable color of light is changed by the student. The student may compare red light to green light. The thing the scientist modifies is identified as the independent variable. Another classic example is “What is the affect of refrigeration on popcorn popping?” In this experiment, student’s pop popcorn that has been refrigerated compared to popcorn that has been left out in a warm dry place for a number of days.

What are the three types of variables?
1. Independent variables
2. Dependent variables
3. Controlled variables - Also called constants

Science Investigations

Your Experiment

Use these questions to write about the experiment in your science book.

What are you trying to find out? What are you investigating?
What are you going to use? Drawing a picture might help.
What are you going to do? Is this a fair way of seeing what happens? Think carefully about this.
What do you need to measure or look out for? Think about how you will record what you measure or what you see. You might find it useful to write your results in a table.
What do you expect to happen? What do you think you will see? Why do you think this?

Carry out the experiment

What did you see? Was it what you expected? Can you see any patterns in what you saw or what you measured?
What have you found out? Can you explain what you have found out?
If you did the experiment again would you do anything differently? Could you make it more accurate?

What is science?
What is the best method to learn science?
What is a hypothesis?
What is a scientific theory?
What is a scientific law?
What is included in science?
Here are further guidelines.

Latief-uz-Zaman Deva
Latief-uz-Zaman Deva: Do you think it was your duty to display your biodata publicly on the Internet?
Is your biodata present on the Internet?
Do you think you are intellectually fit for this job?

Assets:

What are your assets?

Attached photograph:

Where is your recent photograph?

Current/Previous Address:

What is your current mailing address?
What was your mailing address from birth until now?

Date of birth:

What is your date of birth?

Email:

What is your email address?

Emergency in case:

Where should he be contacted in case of emergency?

Number of children:

How many children do you have?

Phone number:

What is your telephone number?

Prior Residences:

What have been your previous residential mailing addresses?

Relatives:

Who do you identify as your relatives?
What is the profile of your relatives?

Family members:

Who are your immediate family members?

Neighbors:

What neighbors would you identify with from the past 30 years?
How often have you been interacting with each other?

Work details:

What is your work detail starting with your first job after 18 years of age?

Abilities evaluation insight:

How do you evaluate abilities of an individual in the real world?
Are you ready to appear in an examination that will be administered publicly?
If an individual displayed that criteria for the job have been fulfilled, and he/she passed certain examinations, is examination a real test of abilities?
If you are asked to appear in an examination and you fail, does that mean you are incompetent?

Core and role-specific competencies questions:

What is the difference between core competencies and role-specific competencies?
You have mentioned some eligibility criteria if you are told you are not eligible for this job posting, for example chairman of the Kashmir Public Service Commission. How will you justify your answer?
If a journalist, news editor of electronic and print media is asked to go ahead with examination and the journalist/editor fails, what will happen to the journalist/editor and others relevant to updating news resource every day?
They will still update news resource every day or when necessary.
Issues are being tried to make clear to you that the criteria and examination you are trying to place to exclude others are unjustified.
You must do proper profiling of professionals and assign duties relevant to core competencies and role-specific competencies of individuals.

Job-specific questions:

For what job in the state or outside the state has this individual been nominated?
Latief-uz-Zaman Deva has been nominated as chairman of the Kashmir Public Service Commission.
What are the duties and responsibilities of this job?
If there is a Kashmir Department of Human Resources, why is there a need for a Public Service Commission?
Why do not you enhance department of human resources in Kashmir compared to Kashmir Public Service Commission?
What essential department or department in the state do you identify with?
Who from various essential departments of state has nominated you?
If you are asked to select another job posting for yourself, what will that job posting be in the state?

Truthfulness Questions:

How would you describe your truthfulness on a scale of 1-10 with 10 being most truthful?
Can you give details of any election fraud that has happened in recent past?
What do you think should happen to individuals who are placed after election frauds?

General knowledge questions:

Have you heard of Emperor Doctor Asif Qureshi?
Is emperor senior or junior to king?

Conclusion:

Latief-uz-Zaman Deva: Do you think it was your duty to display your biodata publicly on the Internet?

Does this individual have the knowledge and competence relevant to the mentioned job in the state or outside the state?
No.

What is the proof that this individual does not have knowledge and competence relevant to the mentioned job in the state or outside the state?
This individual could not answer relevant questions publicly up to August 16, 2015. If this individual continues in the job beyond August 16, 2015, it can be harmful to the public.
What other nominees are there who would like to serve and have knowledge and competence relevant to this job in the state?
Here are further guidelines.
http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/forensicpsychiatrist.html

What should you know relevant to investigations, termination from job, Disciplinary actions, resignations, and suspensions in the state or outside the state?

Termination of services of an individual from a job in the state and outside the state.

What can be the reasons for termination of services of an individual from a job in the state and outside the state?
Felony
Misdemeanor
Immorality
Misconduct in office
Incompetency
Disloyalty
Neglect of duty
Lying.
Willful and persistent insubordination.

What happens after termination of services of an individual involved in felony or misdemeanor?
The individual can be imprisoned or fined.
Further punishment depends on the criminal offenses.
This individual is a class 1 felon.
This could justify the death penalty of this individual .
Verify if this individual has any relatives, acquaintances, friends, or associates who are workers in police, jail, court, or other administrative departments, and terminate of their services.

What individuals are required in murder investigations?
Forensic pathologist
Forensic psychiatrist
Police patrol officer
Police investigator
Judicial magistrate in the state.
State chief justice
State attorney
Community leaders
Media professionals
Military police in the state
Intelligence and counterintelligence Officers in the state
Community police officers in the state
Individuals who have any knowledge of this specific murder.
Others

Is there a difference between a death investigation of a human being and a murder investigation of a human being?
Yes.

What is the difference between a death investigation of a human being and a murder investigation of a human being?
All murder investigations are death investigations.
Not all death investigations are murder investigations.
A 95-year-old male dies. An investigation is conducted to find if the cause of death was due to old age.
This is a death investigation. This is not a murder investigation.
A 60-year-old male is found dead with a gunshot wound in the right side of his chest.
This is a murder investigation.
An example of such a murder investigation is that of Qazi Nizam.
He was found dead with a gunshot wound on the right side of his chest.

What should those who conduct the death scene investigation be careful of?
Do not lie.
Do not misinterpret the facts.
Do not lie and make murder a natural death.
Many investigators are investigating from a distance. These include a forensic psychiatrist, forensic pathologist, police investigators from a distance, and other investigators.
More than 50 years later, an investigator can charge a suspect even if the investigator was not present at the murder scene.
You must know there are other investigators investigating from a distance.
Suspicious premature death is murder unless proven otherwise.

How should investigators seek facts from the public?
Various communication methods are utilized.
Any individual or individuals who have any facts about this murder are required to report them as soon as possible.
You can forward facts directly or indirectly.

What should investigators keep in mind while investigating a murder?
Do not consider only the specific crime scene. Connect all criminals related to the murder even if miles away.
These examples will make you understand.
This happened in Srinagar, Kashmir.
A person is requested to reach a location at least seven miles away.
A firearm is provided by some other individual.
Two individuals are waiting at the location seven miles away.
An individual is murdered seven miles away from the location where he is asked to meet others.

Who all are involved in this murder?
The individual who requested the person to go seven miles away.
The person who arranged the firearm for murder.
The two individuals who fired at the location seven miles away, causing firearm murder.
The manufacturer of the firearm.
The firearms manufacture has to verify that the firearms go to civilized persons who do not murder others, even police.
Five Individuals are immediately involved in this murder.
Further investigation will reveal if more than five are involved in the murder.

Who was the victim of this murder?
What is the profile of those involved in this murder?
www.qureshiuniversity.com/murder.html

Who all are involved in this murder?
What is the profile of individual or individuals behind the scenes involved in murder?

What is most important in a murder investigation?
Getting answers to relevant questions.
No questions can remain unanswered.

What are the types of investigation?
Ascertaining negligence by a physician is a process of investigation.
Diagnosis and treatment by a physician is process of investigation.
Cause and manner of premature death is process of investigation.

What is surveillance?
Surveillance is the various methods of gathering information

How many different types of surveillance operations are there?
There are four different types of surveillance operations.

What are the four different types of surveillance operations?
The four different types of surveillance operations are (1) foot surveillance, (2) vehicle surveillance, (3) fixed surveillance, and (4) satellite-assisted surveillance

What is foot surveillance and how is it used?
Foot surveillance is used only over relatively short distances or to maintain contact with a suspect after he/she has left a vehicle.

What is vehicle surveillance and how is it used?
Vehicle surveillance is done by car which might be a one, two, or three-car surveillance, depending on availability.

What is fixed surveillance and how is it used?
In Fixed surveillance, officers are at a stationary vantage point such as a room, house, or camouflaged outdoor fixture located near the premises being observed.

What is satellite-assisted surveillance and how is it used?
Satellite-assisted surveillance uses a global positioning system (GPS) in tracking the movement of a suspect, unlike wiretaps and property searches that require warrants or a court order, surveillance on public roads ordinarily does not require a court order.

What are the four principal methods for conducting a moving surveillance, known foot surveillance (used after a suspect has left his or her vehicle)?
The four principal methods for conducting a moving surveillance on foot are: (1) One-man surveillance, (2) Two-man surveillance, (3) ABC method, and the (4) Progressive or "leap frog" method

What is the one-man surveillance on foot method?
One way to conduct a moving surveillance on foot is to use the one-man technique, which uses a single officer to conduct a surveillance.

What is the two-man surveillance on foot method?
Another way to conduct a moving surveillance on foot is to use two officers with one following the suspect fairly closely while the other officer remains some distance away.

What is the ABC method for on foot surveillance?
The ABC method for on foot surveillance uses three officers one keeps a reasonable distance behind the suspect, a second officer B follows A, and officer C walks either on the opposite side of the street or in front of the suspect.

What are the four types of vehicle surveillance?
The four types of vehicle surveillance are (1) One-car surveillance, (2) Two-car surveillance, (3)Three-car surveillance, and the (4) Leapfrog method

What is the position of surveillance for both the one-car and two-car surveillance methods?
The position of surveillance for both the one-car and two-car surveillance methods is behind the suspect's car.except for on occasion of the two-car surveillance, one car will operate on a parallel route that meets up with the suspect at various intersections.

What are the position of surveillance for the three-car surveillance method?
In the three vehicle method parallel routes can be followed by more than one car; often one car may be in front of the suspect while the other two are observing from other locations.

In which of the vehicle methods is more easy to change the position of the cars?
Changing the position of cars in three-car surveillance is more easily done.

What is the leaf-frog vehicle method of surveillance?
When using the leaf-frog vehicle method, officers observe the suspect's vehicle intermittently as it proceeds on its suspected route.

How is the leaf-frog vehicle method of surveillance similar to the leaf-frog on foot method of surveillance?
These methods are similar in that they both intermittently observe the suspect.

What is another name for a fixed surveillance?
Another name for a fixed surveillance is "stakeout".

Why are fixed surveillance (or stakeouts) conducted?
Fixed surveillance (or stakeouts) are conducted for a variety of reasons including to (1) determine whether criminal activity is occurring in a specific area, (2) identify suspects who are participating in criminal activity, or to (3) determine whether probable cause exists for obtaining a search warrant

What is the position of surveillance for the fixed surveillance (or stakeout)?
Fixed surveillance (or stakeout) can occur from a long range position (such as from rooftops) or from shorter range positions (such as in hallways).

What does GPS stand for?
GPS stands for Global Positioning System.

What is GPS?
GPS is a technological tracking device that can be used for both surveillance and eavesdropping of suspected criminals.

How has the GPS technology changed surveillance practices?
The use of GPS technology has significantly increased the ability of law enforcement to conduct surveillance.

When was GPS devices developed and who developed them?
GPS devices were developed in the 1980s by the military.

How does a GPS device work?
A GPS device read signals transmitted by numerous satellites and then calculates a specific location based on its distance from each satellite.

What is the surveillance method that uses GPS?
The surveillance method that uses GPS is known as Satellite Assisted Surveillance.

Overall, how do methods used to gather intelligence serve or benefit law enforcement?
Methods used to gather criminal intelligence, including undercover operations and surveillance, overall, provide law enforcement officers with critical information needed to prosecute suspected criminals.

Surveillance is the covert observation of people, places and vehicles, which law enforcement agencies and private detectives use to investigate allegations of illegal behavior. These techniques range from physical observation to the electronic monitoring of conversations. Surveillance also carries major risks, however. The detection of a private investigator's presence in an area will compromise his future activities there. For undercover officers, any unmasking of their identity and purpose may result in injury or death.

Electronic Monitoring

Electronic monitoring, or wiretapping, refers to the surveillance of email, fax, Internet and telephone communications. This activity requires a court order to proceed, based on a U.S. government affidavit showing that a crime has been, is being or will be committed. However, if a person risks severe injury or death, the government can ask to start monitoring communications right away, the U.S. Department of Justice states. Similar exceptions are made for organized crime or national security cases. Once an order is granted, police agencies can identify criminal conspirators to deter or punish the offenders involved.

Fixed Surveillance

The fixed surveillance, or "stakeout," requires officers to surreptitiously observe people and places from a distance. Variations include the one- and two-person surveillance methods. According to author and criminal justice professor Michael Palmiotto, the two-person approach is considered more desirable. It allows officers to periodically switch positions, reducing a suspect's chances of spotting them. By contrast, an officer assigned to one-person surveillance can't take his eyes off the scene and has nobody to relieve him.

Stationary Technical Surveillance

In stationary technical surveillance, the investigator installs a hidden camera and recording equipment in a parked car. The vehicle sits in an area that draws little attention, such as a parking lot. This technique is sometimes called unmanned surveillance, according to the International Federation for Protection Officers. Investigators can record photo and video images at any time, reducing the need for humans to monitor a situation around the clock. Surveillance teams come and go as they wish, so the risk of discovery is smaller, too.

Three-Person Surveillance

Three-person surveillance methods are more complex to run, but provide two bonuses, according to Palmiotto's book, "Criminal Investigation." Officers can change positions more often, which greatly reduces the possibility of detection. This technique is also called the ABC Method, whose name refers to the officers' assigned roles. Person A stays behind the suspect, followed by the second officer, Person B. The third officer, Person C, remains on the opposite side of the street, but always moves slightly ahead of -- or behind -- the suspect.

Undercover Operations

Undercover operations amount to another form of surveillance, but in this method the officer plays an active role in revealing criminal activities. For example, an undercover gang investigator might begin infiltrating the group by adopting the same hobbies or jobs as the suspects. To gain acceptance within the gang and build trust, the officer must also create a plausible cover story that explains his presence in the neighborhood

What is the prerequisite for being in the team of investigators in the state and outside the state?
You should be truthful.
English language and everyday communication is essential.
You should have knowledge of various professions, at least teachers, lawyers, engineers, and physicians.
You should be able to communicate regularly.
If you are asked a question, you should answer truthfully to the best of your ability and knowledge.
You should do regular research.

Is there a difference between disciplinary action against an employee and criminal punishments?
Yes.

What is the difference between disciplinary action against an employee and criminal charges?
Employee disciplinary action can end with termination from job.
Criminal punishment can include termination from job, confiscation of assets, and life in prison or even death penalty depending on the criminal offenses.

How should punishments go ahead?

Profile all involved in harms.
Issue world alert.
All those involved have to lose their jobs.
Direct them to stay away from public affairs.
Travel Ban.
Publication Ban.
Confiscate their assets with further punishments(Death Penalty).
If you cannot resolve or settle the issues locally, ask for world military and international police resources (military airdrop operations).

Felonies and Misdemeanors

Criminal offenses are considered either felonies or misdemeanors. Offenses are classified in the following manner:

Felony

Misdemeanor

Class 1 felony

Class 1 misdemeanor

Class 2 felony

Class 2 misdemeanor

Class 3 felony

Class 3 misdemeanor

Class 4 felony

Class 4 misdemeanor

Class 5 felony

Class 6 felony

COV 18.2-10. Felonies

The authorized punishments for conviction of a felony are:

For Class 1 felonies, death, or imprisonment for life and a fine of up to $100,000.

For Class 2 felonies, imprisonment for life or a minimum of 20 years and a fine of up to $100,000.

For Class 3 felonies, imprisonment for five to 20 years and a fine of up to $100,000.

For Class 4 felonies, imprisonment for two to 10 years and a fine of up to $100,000.

For Class 5 felonies, the jury or court may choose imprisonment for one to 10 years or jail for up to 12 months and a fine of up to $2,500, either or both.

For Class 6 felonies, the jury or court may choose imprisonment for one to five years or jail for up to 12 months and a fine of up to $2,500, either or both.

COV 18.2-11. Misdemeanors

The authorized punishments for conviction of a misdemeanor are:

For Class 1 misdemeanors, confinement in jail for up to twelve months and a fine of up to $2,500, either or both.

For Class 2 misdemeanors, confinement in jail for up to six months and a fine of up to $1,000, either or both.