Mission Statement:
"The Scripps mission is to seek, teach, and communicate scientific understanding of the oceans, atmosphere, Earth, and other planets for the benefit of society and the environment..."

"The Antarctic Ice Sheet is an important indicator of climate change and driver of sea-level rise. Here we combine satellite
observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance to show
that it lost 2,720 ± 1,390 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2017, which corresponds to an increase in mean sea level
of 7.6 ± 3.9 millimetres (errors are one standard deviation). Over this period, ocean-driven melting has caused rates of
ice loss from West Antarctica to increase from 53 ± 29 billion to 159 ± 26 billion tonnes per year; ice-shelf collapse has
increased the rate of ice loss from the Antarctic Peninsula from 7 ± 13 billion to 33 ± 16 billion tonnes per year. We find
large variations in and among model estimates of surface mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment for East Antarctica,
with its average rate of mass gain over the period 1992–2017 (5 ± 46 billion tonnes per year) being the least certain"

" Antarctica has lost 3 trillion tons of ice in the past 25 years, and that ice loss has accelerated rapidly over the last five years.
In a new study, the most comprehensive to date of the continent's icy status, an international group of 84 researchers analyzed data from multiple satellite surveys, from 1992 to 2017.
They discovered that Antarctica is currently losing ice about three times faster than it did until 2012, climbing to a rate of more than 241 billion tons (219 billion metric tons) per year. Total ice loss during the 25-year period contributed to sea level rise of about 0.3 inches (around 8 millimeters), approximately 40 percent of which — about 0.1 inches (3 mm) — happened in the past five years."

"Global sea levels could rise by more than three metres – over half a metre more than previously thought – this century alone, according to a new study co-authored by a University of Southampton scientist.
An international team including Sybren Drijfhout, Professor in Physical Oceanography and Climate Physics, looked at what might happen if carbon dioxide emissions continue unabated.
Using new projections of Antarctic mass loss and a revised statistical method, they concluded that a worst-case scenario of a 2.5 to three-metre sea level rise was possible by 2100.

"If you want to know what the changing climate is doing to the earth, ask someone who's been there. Jason Briner has been above the Arctic Circle more than 35 times. He takes the big topic of global warming and shows you what it's doing to a very important place in this talk.£

Abstract. "We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modern observations to study the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the ocean column, inducing amplifying feedbacks that increase subsurface ocean warming and ice shelf melting. Cold meltwater and induced dynamical effects cause ocean surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, thus increasing Earth's energy imbalance and heat flux into most of the global ocean's surface. Southern Ocean surface cooling, while lower latitudes are warming, increases precipitation on the Southern Ocean, increasing ocean stratification, slowing deepwater formation, and increasing ice sheet mass loss. These feedbacks make ice sheets in contact with the ocean vulnerable to accelerating disintegration. We hypothesize that ice mass loss from the most vulnerable ice, sufficient to raise sea level several meters, is better approximated as exponential than by a more linear response. Doubling times of 10, 20 or 40 years yield multi-meter sea level rise in about 50, 100 or 200 years. Recent ice melt doubling times are near the lower end of the 10–40-year range, but the record is too short to confirm the nature of the response. The feedbacks, including subsurface ocean warming, help explain paleoclimate data and point to a dominant Southern Ocean role in controlling atmospheric CO2, which in turn exercised tight control on global temperature and sea level. The millennial (500–2000-year) timescale of deep-ocean ventilation affects the timescale for natural CO2 change and thus the timescale for paleo-global climate, ice sheet, and sea level changes, but this paleo-millennial timescale should not be misinterpreted as the timescale for ice sheet response to a rapid, large, human-made climate forcing. These climate feedbacks aid interpretation of events late in the prior interglacial, when sea level rose to +6–9 m with evidence of extreme storms while Earth was less than 1 °C warmer than today. Ice melt cooling of the North Atlantic and Southern oceans increases atmospheric temperature gradients, eddy kinetic energy and baroclinicity, thus driving more powerful storms. The modeling, paleoclimate evidence, and ongoing observations together imply that 2 °C global warming above the preindustrial level could be dangerous. Continued high fossil fuel emissions this century are predicted to yield (1) cooling of the Southern Ocean, especially in the Western Hemisphere; (2) slowing of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation, warming of the ice shelves, and growing ice sheet mass loss; (3) slowdown and eventual shutdown of the Atlantic overturning circulation with cooling of the North Atlantic region; (4) increasingly powerful storms; and (5) nonlinearly growing sea level rise, reaching several meters over a timescale of 50–150 years. These predictions, especially the cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic with markedly reduced warming or even cooling in Europe, differ fundamentally from existing climate change assessments. We discuss observations and modeling studies needed to refute or clarify these assertions"......
James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Paul Hearty, Reto Ruedy, Maxwell Kelley, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Gary Russell, George Tselioudis, Junji Cao, Eric Rignot, Isabella Velicogna, Blair Tormey, Bailey Donovan, Evgeniya Kandiano, Karina von Schuckmann, Pushker Kharecha, Allegra N. Legrande, Michael Bau, and Kwok-Wai Lo

"This is the story of the century. We have passed a tipping point and are now in a new era – one where the melting of global ice sheets will dramatically transform our world.
John clearly explains the latest science and puts sea level rise into a historical perspective. He then paints a vivid picture of what we can expect in the future, the potential solutions and what we must do now to create resilient cities and communities.
In this enlightening presentation you’ll learn:
Why sea level rise is now unstoppable
The realistic projections over the coming decades
Why the triple threat from storms, tides and sea level rise is producing deadly floods
Why real estate values will go “underwater” long before the property does
Some of the potential business opportunities that could benefit our economy
Why communities, businesses and individuals must start planning and adapting now
Higher Sea Levels Mean Big Risk and Big Business Opportunities
Businesses need to have the latest information on how sea level rise is going to impact their assets and supply chains in coastal zones around the world. Seeing what lies ahead can reduce risk and identify potential new business opportunities. John highlights the realistic projections that can impact an organization’s bottom line, because today the most important line in business is the shoreline.
Rising Seas: Community Planning for a new era
Municipalities in coastal zones and on tidal rivers must now plan for a full range of flooding scenarios from the interplay of storms, tides and sea level rise. John explains how good planning needs to consider short, medium and long range time scales to create cost effective resiliency..."

"Our oceans are rising. With human use of hydrocarbons skyrocketing, waters around the globe are getting hotter and, now, this warm sub-surface water is washing into Antarctica’s massive western glaciers causing the glaciers to retreat and break off. Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s ice and 70% of its freshwater, so if even a small fraction of the ice sheet in Antarctica melts, the resulting sea level rise will completely remap the world as we know it – and it is already happening. In the last decade, some of the most significant glaciers here have tripled their melt rate.
VICE founder Shane Smith travels to the bottom of the world to investigate the instability of the West Antarctic ice sheet and to see first hand how the continent is melting -- and VICE follows the rising oceans to Bangladesh for a glimpse into the world's underwater future. From the UN Climate conference to the People's Climate March to the forces that deny the science of global climate change, this special extended episode covers all sides of the issue and all corners of the globe, ending with a special interview with Vice President Joe Biden.
Watch Season 4 of VICE on Fridays at 11 PM, only on HBO.
Watch Season 1: http://bit.ly/1HyVviK
Watch Season 2: http://bit.ly/1LBL8y6
More from Shane Smith: http://www.vice.com/author/shane-smith
Follow Shane on Twitter: https://twitter.com/shanesmith30
If you, like us, want to help put the brakes on global warming, or just want to learn more about what you saw in tonight's episode, check out these groups and get involved: Climate Central, Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies, Environmental Defense Fund, National Science Foundation, Ralph J. and Carol M. Cierone Endowed Chair and Fellowship Fund in Earth System Science, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation."

"Miami, New Orleans and New York City completely under water it’s a very real possibility if sea levels continue to rise. In Earth Under Water we’ll see these events unfold as leading experts forecast how mankind will be impacted if global warming continues.
They’ll break down the science behind these predictions and explore ways humanity could adapt, including engineering vast dams near San Francisco, or building floating cities outside of New York..."