The AFOLU sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia, contributing to about 56% of the national emissions. The report explores land uses and management choices that can lead to significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, while maintaining the governmental target to meet rice self-sufficiency as well as the production targets of several key agriculture commodities, particularly palm oil, industrial wood and bioenergy. It shows that emissions from this sector could be cut down deeply without sacrifying production targets of agriculture commodities and timbers, except for palm oil.

The report concludes that emissions per capita from this sector could decrease to become a net sink (-0.05 tCO2 by 2050 in the deep decarbonization scenario). Achieving this outcome requires that current plans of land and forest man­agement improvement and low carbon stock land use optimization are fulfilled, and that enhanced mitigation policies and measures are adopted, particularly a moratorium on peatland permits and the restora­tion of peatland.