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Sept. 3, 1946.
_
2,406,81 6
L. A. ELMER 'ETI'AL_
SOUND RECORDING PROJECTILE
Filed Dec. 19, 1941
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Sept. 3, 1946.
L. A. ELMER EI‘AL
2,406,81 6
SOUND RECORDING PROJECTILE
Filed Dec. 19, 1941
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Sept. 3, 1946.
2,406,816
L. A. ELMER ETAL
SOUND RECORDING PROJECTILE '
Filed Dec. 19, 15341‘
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‘AT TORNEY
‘Patented Sept. 3, 1946
2,406,815
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
2,406,816
SOUND RECORDING PROJECTILE
Lloyd A. Elmer, Summit, and Clarence A. Lovell,
Maplewood, N. J., assignors to Bell Telephone
Laboratories, IncorporatedaNew York, N. Y., a" W
corporation of New York
1
Application December 19, 1941, Serial No. 423,668
14 Claims. (01. 274—1)
2
This invention relates to casing or shell struc
tures each comprising a casing or shell adapted
to be moved through a ?uid medium and having
mechanism therein to be operated while the shell
or casing is in motion. More speci?cally the in
vention relates to casing or shell structures com
compartment which encloses the cylinder. As
the ori?ce opening is displaced from the axis of
the cylinder, there is a centrifugal force (due to
the rotation) acting on the liquid to pull it
through the ori?ce and thus reduce the pressure
on the underside of the piston, permitting it to
be driven downward by the pressure on the top
sound ?elds within a medium through which the
side of the piston. A valve is adapted to out o?
shell is caused to move.
the central passageway until the force due to
In a copending application of Harvey Fletcher, 10 linear acceleration holding the valve closed is
John F. Muller and Carl D. Swartzel, Jr., Serial
overcome by the centrifugal force opening the
No. 423,568, ?led December 19, 1941, there is de
valve. Before the shell is ?red, the interior of
scribed an aerial recorder comprising a shell or
the shell casing is pumped up to an internal
projectile adapted to be ?red from a gun and
pressure slightly greater than that anticipated
propelled to the sound ?eld in the vicinity of an
at the nose at the beginning of the ?ight, which
airplane or to another sound ?eld the intensity
pressure may approach 6 to 10 atmospheres.
of which it is desired to measure by a recording
some trouble has been experienced in models
mechanism contained within the shell. The
constructed in accordance with the Fletcher et
present invention primarily relates to improve
al. invention due to leakage of the compressed
ments in this general type of recorder although 20 air from the casing. While the device is op
the invention in certain of its aspects is capable
erative even though it is not pumped up to such
prising apparatus for recording the intensity of
of other uses.
a pressure, a considerable period of time is re
In the aerial recorder described in the above
mentioned copending application, the sounds to
quired after the valve cutting off the central pas
sageway is opened before the air pressures on
be recorded are conducted to the general vicinity 25 the upper and lower sides of the diaphragm are
of the diaphragm in the interior of the shell
equalized due to the relatively large volume of
through a central passageway in its nose, which
air space within the casing (particularly in the
passageway connects with and permits the sound
compartment surrounding the cylinder) which
to reach the diaphragm through a group of
must be pressure equalized. This is due to the
smaller passageways connected to the central
fact that the relatively large space in the interior
passageway. To assist in equalizing the air pres
of the shell is connected to the central passage
sure on the diaphragm, another group of smaller
way only through the smaller passageways and
passageways connects the central passageway
it thus takes a relatively long time for this large
A
space to reach the same pressure as that applied
stylus attached to the diaphragm is adapted to
with a space in the rear of the diaphragm.
to the front of the diaphragm. It is obvious that
until this equalization of air pressures is reached,
no recording truly representative of the pressure
engage a rotating drum which is coated with a
suitable material which can be cut or engraved
by the stylus to form a record. The drum is
on the diaphragm from the sound waves is at
mounted with its axis transverse to the longi
tained.
tudinal axis of the shell and it is preferably 40
It is an object of this invention to provide a
adapted to move along its axis as it rotates, screw
casing or shell of the general type of the one
mechanism being provided to control this axial
described in the preceding paragraph in which
the above-mentioned disadvantages are in large
movement. Driving means for the drum consists
of a motor mechanism comprising a piston
adapted to move within a cylinder which pref
erably has an elliptical cross section to prevent
its turning within its mounting. The piston is
connected by means of a metal tape to the drum
to rotate the latter as the piston is driven down
ward (that is, away from the nose of the shell)
within its cylindrical casing, the tape being
measure alleviated.
Other objects will be apparent from the fol
lowing description and claims.
In accordance with the present invention, it
is not necessary to pump up the interior of the
casing to a pressureabove atmospheric pressure
nor does it take such a relatively long time to
equalize the air pressures on both sides of the
diaphragm after the valve in the nose of the
shell opens and air at high pressure is suddenly
applied to the diaphragm. This result is accom
maintained taut by the friction on the threads
of the moving drum shaft. The liquid in the
cylinder is drawn out through a carefully adjust
ed ori?ce (to regulate its rate of ?ow) into a 55 plished by completely sealing ed the interior of
‘2,406,816
~
0
the shell casing, that is, by sealing off the cham
ber or compartment surrounding the motor cyl
inder from the, diaphragm chamber.
Thus, two
closed compartments are formed, one, the motor
cylinder, and the other, the chamber surround
4
H for contacting the ri?ing in the interior of
the gun to cause the shell to have rotation about
its central or longitudinal axis, a cap l3, and a
nose piece ill.
Mounted within the body or casing member H
is an assembly 55 which will be designated the
"recording block.” The recording block l5 is
mounted within the body or casing member H
ing the cylinder, which compartments are con
nected by a‘ constricted passageway containing
the carefully adjusted ori?ce. The ?rst com
by means of screw threads iii, external screw
partment, of course, has a capacity which varies
as the piston is forced downward. In the pres 10 threads El’ being provided on the body or casing
member ii to engage complementary internal
ent invention, the only parts of the shell which
screw'threads on the cap it. By means of this
are subjected to the increased air pressure caused
arrangement, that is, because of the fact that the
by the passage of the shell through the air or
casing member 5 l is held fast between the record
other fluid medium are the front and the back
of the diaphragm, the chamber containing the
recording mechanism and the upper side of the‘
' , ing block assembly l5 and the cap i3, there is no
et al. shell) practically the same pressure as
the upperv side of the piston (because this cham
metal such as duralumin. This cylinder it may
be of circular‘cross section but it is preferably
elliptical as‘ shown in the drawings in order to
tendency for the casing member ii to split open
when the shell as strikes a target (usually a sand
piston. rl‘he chamber surrounding the cylinder
bank so‘ that the shell may be easily recovered
preferably contains air (or other gas if desired)
and its record removed). It will, of course, be
at normal atmospheric pressure.
The sealing of the inner portion of the shell 20 understood that it is important and necessary to
recover thesh'ell after its flight in order‘ to re
from‘v the. regions of increased air pressure, in
move‘ the record; Screw threads 58' are provided
addition to'having the above-mentioned advan-'
for a cut-in portion of the cap l3‘ to mesh with
tages, makes possible another very desirable fea
complementary internal screw threads on the
tur'e‘. In the Fletcher et' al. shell, the movement
.
‘of; the! piston within the cylinder is caused, as 25 nose piece it. ~
Between the recording block mechanism I5
pointed. outabove, by the lessening of the pres
andv the base of the shell casing 'is mounted a
sureon the underside of the piston. The chamber
cylinder id, preferably made of a light strong
into which the liquid ?ows has (in this Fletcher
ber is connected by passageways to the diaphragm
cavity which in turn is connected to the space
prevent turning movement between the cylin
drical casing i9 and the shell casing H and
between the piston and the cylinder. The cylin
the interior of the casing remains substantially
preferably one
at’ normal atmospheric pressure while the upper 35 der contains a suitablev ?uid
which will not ignite or explode when the shell
portions of the piston is‘ subjected to an in
strikes the target. Suitable fluids are,rfor exam
creased "pressure due to the flight of the shell
ple, water and‘carbon tetrachloride. At the base
through‘ space (which may be as great as from
end of the shell, the cylinder. i9 is ?rmly held
?ve to ten times normal atmospheric pressure).
This great di?erence in pressure makes it pos 40 within a supporting member 28 which in turn is
secured to the-base by a screw plug 2'! . The fluid
sible to have a greater driving force available
in the cylinder l9 passes out through an elbow
for turning the recording drum.
member 22, having an ori?ce 23 of predetermined
Various other improvements over the Fletcher
size at the extremity thereof at the periphery of
.et al; recording device have been incorporated
inthe shell or casing member provided in accord 45 thes'upporting member Ell, into a sealed com
partment or chamber Gil surrounding the cylinder
ance with the present invention which improve-V
iii. A small valve 24 to be described more fully
ments will be apparent from the description
below isv placed in the elbow member 22.
which follows and the claims appended hereto.
The recording block mechanism comprises a
. ‘The invention will be more readily understood
by‘ referring to the following description taken 50 ‘metal housing 25, a diaphragm 25 supported at
its periphery from the housing 25, a stylus 2?
in connection with the accompanying drawings
fastened to the diaphragm 28 in such a position
forming a part thereof, in which:
above the piston). In the‘present arrangement
Fig. 1 is a sectional View, withparts broken
away, taken along a plane through the longi
that it makes contact with a drurn~ 2B which is
,mounted on a shaft 32 which is free to turn in two
tudinal axis of a shell in accordance with this 55' bearings; one in the removable bushing 29 and
the other in the main steel housing 25. A screw
threaded portion 3' on one. end of the shaft 32 of
. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal view, with parts broken '
the drum 2B is screwed into a nut El which cannot
away, partially in cross section along a plane
invention;
rotate because it is loosely pinned by the pin 91%
through the longitudinal axis and at right angles
(‘see Fig. .5)‘ to- the main housing. Therefore,
to that of the section shown in Fig. 1;
60
when the drum 28rotates, it moves laterally at
Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional View of-a
the’same time and the stylus 2's’ cuts a helix in
portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 taken in
the surface coating on the drum. Preferably
the'sarhe plane as in‘Fig. 1;
this‘ surface coating is cellulose acetate or nitrate,
Fig. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal cross sec
although it maybe of any other suitable material.
tional view of another portion of the shell shown
One end‘ of a metal tape 33 (preferably of strong
in Fig. 1; and
thin steel) is'connected to the shaft .12 and the
' Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view,>with
parts broken away, of a portion of the apparatus
other ‘end of the tape is fastened to the top por
shown in Fig. 3.
.
tion 3:!‘ of the piston 4|. The recording block l5
Referring more speci?cally to the drawings,
has a passageway 35 therein through which the
which show an illustrative embodiment of the
metal tape 33 passesand also through which air
presentinvention, the outer portions of the shell
is allowed to pass to the top portion 34% of the
or projectile in are of- any suitable material, such
piston ill to drive it downward (to the left in
assteel. They comprise a body member H, a
Fi'gs._1, V2 and 3). The top portion 3% of the
‘:ring !.2- around a portion of- the body member 75 piston All is connected to the body portion 36 of
2,406,816
5
6
the piston by any suitable means. Two leather
thereof than at the edges, the cavity affords maxi
washers 3‘! and 38 are placed around the lower
and upper portions of the body member 35 of the
mum protection to the diaphragm. The steel
housing 25 also protects the drum 2B and its asso
piston and are shaped and proportioned so as to
make a ?uid-tight seal at the top of the cylinder
I9 to prevent leakage of air to the ?uid 39 with
which the cylinder 19 is ?lled and to prevent leak
age of the ?uid 39 through the opening or pas
sageway 35 leading to the chamber enclosing the
recording drum 23.
The sound waves to be recorded reach the front
of the diaphragm 26 by means of a passageway 5%
ciated equipment.
The passageway 50 in the nose of the shell is
interrupted by an automatic valve mechanism 58
which comprises a sliding plug member 59 held in
place across the passageway 53 by a spring 63
which is backed by a screw plug GI. When the
component of force urging the plug toward the
longitudinal axis of the shell due to the linear
acceleration thereof vanishes as this linear accel
eration ceases, the centrifugal force (tending to
move the plug 59 away from the longitudinal
passageway. The sound waves are also conducted 15 axis) operates this valve and opens the passage
' to' the rear of the diaphragm 26 by means of
way 50. When the valve'58 is opened, a force
passageways 52, 53 and 54. The central passage
is applied to drive the piston GI within the cylin
way 50 preferably surrounds the longitudinal axis
der I9, which force is due to the air pressure on
of the shell. There are, for example, six passage
the top side of the piston (which pressure is now
ways 5| leading from the central passageway 20 relatively high) minus that on the lower side of
50 to the front of the diaphragm 2'6 in order to
the piston. The force on the lower side of the
distribute the sound waves and the air pressure
piston is the difference between that caused by
over a larger surface area of the diaphragm.
the pressure of the atmosphere in the chamber
Similarly, there are, for example, six passage
46 (usually normal atmospheric pressure) and
ways 52, the axes of which are inclined to the
the centrifugal force acting on the liquid 39 pass
longitudinal axis of the shell and which connect
ing through the ori?ce 23.
with an equal number of passageways 53 leading
The nose It is made of soft metallic material,
in turn to the passageways 54 which lead to
such as copper, so as to close the central pas
the back of the diaphragm. One of the passage
sageway 50 to the diaphragm 26 as soon as the
in the nose of the shell and various smaller
passageways 5| and 52 connecting to the central
ways 53 connects with a passageway 55 leading ,
shell strikes an earth or sand upright target or
the ground. This construction is to reduce to a
negligible value the amount of earth or sand
to the chamber containing the drum 28, which
chamber is connected by the passageway 35 to
the space at the top portion 34 of the piston. By
means of the arrangement described above, the
which might be driven into the diaphragm cavity
when the shell strikes the target or ground, as
these materials would be likely to damage the rec
air pressures on the front and back of the dia
phragm are equalized, but, due to the fact that
the paths from the central passageway 53 to the
back of the diaphragm 2d are much longer than
those to the front surface thereof and to the fact
that the transmission characteristics differ, the 40
sound waves on the front of the diaphragm at
any particular instant have not the same strength
or phase as those on the back of the diaphragm
and consequently the sound pressures are not
0rd if the sand or earth reaches it.
The cylinder I9 is designed to be ?xed in po
sition at both ends and to be securely held against
damage in ?ring or striking. As pointed out
above, it is preferably of elliptical cross section
and the end portions ‘Ill and ‘II are inclined out
wardly so that an axial pull will cause the cylinder
20 to be wedged more tightly in the collars ‘I2
and ‘I3 surrounding them.
Outward expansion
equalized. This permits the diaphragm 26 to be
moved up and down (to the left and right in Figs.
1, 2 and 3), causing the stylus 21 to vary its
~ of the collars is prevented by the metal housing
25 and the block 26 in which the collars ‘l2 and
member is adapted to be propelled through water.
?rmly on the base of the shell. This supports the
cylinder I9 against linear acceleration. The
‘I3 are mounted. Inward collapse of the tube at
depth of cut on the drum 28 and thus record
the ends is prevented by the plug members 14
signals representative of the sound waves which
and 75.
enter the shell from outside. These sounds may 50 The recording block assembly I5, the cylinder
be caused by the motion of the shell itself (for
I9 and the block 20 are assembled as a unit and
instance, a whistle) and also by sound caused
this subassembly is then inserted into the shell
by other elements such as by an airplane, if the
body. The length of the cylinder I 9 is made such
shell is adapted to be moved through air, or
that the recording block I 5 may be screwed tight
possibly by a ship if the shell or similar casing 55 1y into the shell casing and the base block 25 seats
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the
aerial recorder described above may be readily
adapted for use in heavy mediums. By means
of the various passageways, the pressure on each
of the two sides of the diaphragm 2'! is made
equal to that in the passageway 35 leading to
the top of the piston but, because the interior
chamber lit] is sealed off from these passageways,
the pressure in the chamber 40 remains substan~
tially the same as at the start of the ?ight, for
‘example, at normal atmospheric pressure.
For protective purposes, the face 55 of the hous
‘ing 25 clears the diaphragm 25 by only a very
small amount, for example, by about .012 inch.
Similarly the rear surface 51 of the cap I3 clears
the diaphragm surface by a similar amount. As
the diaphragm cavity formed between the faces
screw member 2| has a dovetail end which is in
serted in a similarly-shaped socket T5 in the
block 20 and the intervening space between the
two is ?lled with a suitable cement.
This con
struction is to prevent the collapse of the tube
when the shell strikes the ground or target.
Splines are cut onithe surfaces of the screw end
and bracket to prevent rotation of the base block
20.
The valve mechanism 24 is preferably one of the
ball type. The ball ‘H is held on its seat by a
spring ‘I8 exerting a force of about ?ve times the
weight of the ball. A guide member prevents the
ball from being swept off its seat clue to angu
lar acceleration in case the fluid leaks past the
ball before ?ring. After the shell leaves the muz
56 and 51 is of similar shape to the diaphragm it
zle of the gun the deceleration of the shell reduces
self, that is, the diaphragm is lower at the center 75 the pressure of the ball 1‘! on its seat enough
2,406,816
7
spinning shell and the. piston 41 is forced down
in the cylinder 59 by the air pressure on. the top
side of the piston 34. The air reaches the top side
from the ball seat in the elbow member'22. » The
34 of the piston “by means of the nose passage
movement of the ball 24 is in an upward direc
tion in the plane of the drawings of Figs. 1 and 4. C2 way 58, small passageways 52, 53 and 54 to the
topermit the centrifugal; force- on. the ball to
move it away from under the spring ‘:8 and away
In addition the deceleration of the recorder de
flects the spring 18 far enough to release the ball.
Angular acceleration produces a tangential force.
of Very small amount which isnegligible,
The ori?ce 23 is made the proper size so as
to give a recording drum surface feed of, forex
ample, about 12 inches per second. The ori?ce
size is selected was to give the desired rate of
flow for the calculated pressure expected at the
ori?ce. This provides a very accurate timing
mechanism for the recording drum 28.
Due to the rotation of the drum 28 about the
longitudinal axis of the‘shell, there is a centrifugal
space in the rear of‘ the diaphragm 26, andthence
through the passageway surrounding the stylus 21
to the cavity containing the drum 28 and thence
through the passageway 35 to the top side 34 of
10 the piston 4 l. The movement of the piston down
ward in the cylinder Hi pulls the tape 33 with
it and turns the drum'28. The drum 28 is caused
to move along its axis by the movement of the
screw 36 in the. nut 3| loosely. pinnedvto the hous
15 ing 25'by the pin 94'. The pressure on the screw
threads of the members 39 and‘ st (which pres
sure, as explained above, is due to centrifugal
force and causes afriction which places a tension
on. the tape 33) is reduced or compensated by the
threads of the members 38 and 3!, thus exerting 20 spring 92 forcing the ball 9! against the shaft
32 at the axis thereof within the slot 8!]. As
a friction between these screw-threaded members
the drum 28 moves along its axis (upward in
and in turn setting up a tension in the metallic
Figs. 1 and 3) the ball 91 continues to be pressed
tape 33 which drives the drum‘ 28 about an axis
against the shaft 32 by the action of the spring.
transverse to the longitudinal axis of the shell.
In accordance with this invention, the friction 25 Because the ball 9| makes contact with only the
center of the cap 93, even though the ball turns
between the screw-threaded members 353 and Si
with the shaft 32 the spring does not turn with
is decreased by means of a ball 9i and a1 com
it. By this arrangement the torque caused by
pressed spring 92'placed in a slot 9% surrounding
the friction is greatly reduced due to the reduc
a portion of the axis of the shaft 32 upon which
tion in the radius of friction action (the radius
the drum 28 is mounted. (See Fig. 5 which is
of friction action is much smaller on the ball 9|
a fragmentary enlarged view, with parts broken
than on the screw threads of the members 30 and
away, of a portion of the structure of Fig. 3.)
Si). Inasmuch as the stylus 21 rests upon the
A cap 93 is tightly ?tted Within the end of spring
drum 28 and is moved to the left or the right in
92 which is nearer the center of the shell. The
Figs. 1, 2 and'B, a helical record of’ the sounds
top of this cap makes contact with the ball 9i
reaching the diaphragm '26 after the valve 58 is
in such a way that the rotary movement of the
opened'is‘ cut on ‘the surface coating of the drum
ball (as the shaft 32 turns) is not conveyed to
28. This record continues until the piston
the spring Q2. The outer end of the spring 92
reaches the end of its travelQ Generally about
is backed by the screw-threaded plug 95 in the
four seconds is a good average record time but
steel housing 25. The spring 92 forces the ball
the time of travel, of course, depends upon the
against the shaft 32 in a direction opposite to
calibration or adjustment design of the ori?ce
the centrifugal force. (The direction of the cen
23 as well as'upon other factors such as the linear
trifugal force is downward in the showing of Figs.
and rotational velocities of the shell, etc. The
2, 3 and 5.) This greatly reduces the tension on
moment the valve 58 in the nose of the shell
the tape 33. During the time of‘ travel of the shell
opens, air will flow in, and due to the arrange
iii the drum 28 is moved along its axis (upward
ment of passageways 5!, 52, 53 and 54, equaliza
in Figs. 1 and 3) but the spring 92 continues to
tion of the pressures at the front and rear of the
force the ball 9| in an upward direction against
diaphragm 25 takes place in a relatively’ short
the shaft 32 but with a decreasing force com
parable to the decreasing centrifugal force.
50 time. At the same time the air ?owing through
the passageway 53‘ connected to the passageway
The method of operation of the‘ aerialvrecorder
55 and the passageway 55 quickly places the space
described above is as follows:
around the drum 2B and the space at the top
The shell is placed in a gun in the same man
34 of the piston 49 at the same pressure as at
ner as a standard anti-aircraft shell containing
the diaphragm’ 26. Inasmuch as this space 49 is
anexplosive charge. When the shell'is fired, the
completely sealed off from therspace subjected
action of the mechanism is as follows: While
to increased air pressure (due to the linear speed
the shell is being accelerated in the barrel of the
of the shell), there‘is a relatively large force act
gun, the centrifugal forces exerted on the auto- '
force set up which bears down on the screw
matic valve 58 in the nose and the valve '24’ in
ing upon the piston. The force driving the piston
the block 20 containing the ori?ce-23 tend toopen
these valves. However, their design is such that
- down (that is, away from the nose) in the cylin
der i9 is the difference between the pressure on
the linear acceleration forces produce a pressure
in a direction to cause the valves toi'stay closed.
the top side 34 of the piston, that is, the increased
air pressure due to the linear speed of the shell,
This relieves the diaphragm 25 of the nose pres
sure when the shell is pushing air out of the
barrel of the gun and during this period the
?uid motor piston 41 remains essentiaily at rest.
As soon as the shell is a few feet from the barrel
minus the back pressure or force on the liquid.
This back pressure is the difference between the
force due to the pressure of the ‘atmosphere in
the chamber li?'minus the centrifugal force tend
ving to eject the liquid through the ori?ce 23.
of the gun, however, the linear acceleration has
changed from this high positive value to a small
While in a preferred embodiment of this inven
negative one and the valves 58' and? 245‘ open.
When the valve Eli opens (causedby the ‘ball 11
moving away from its seat)‘ ?uid from the cylin
to reduce the pressure required on the top part
of the piston, it is clear to those skilled in the
art that a shell may be constructed having the
der liibegins to be discharged through the cali
brated ori?ce 23 by the centrifugal action of the
make use only of the difference between the pres
tion it'is planned to utilize the centrifugal force
ori?ce along the longitudinal-axis of the shell and
2,406,816
10
sure due to the accelerated speed of the shell
and that of the chamber 49 at the start of the
?ight as the driving force On the piston It I. Dur
ing the relatively short time required to equalize
nism under control of the resulting passage of
?uid through said passageway.
2. The combination with a generally cylindrical
casing or shell adapted to be projected through
the pressure on the two sides of the diaphragm 5 a ?uid medium so as to be given a rotary motion
during its travel, of two closed compartments
26, a large static pressure acts upon the dia
within said shell having a constricted passage
phragm in a direction tending to force the dia
way therebetween, one or” said compartments hav
phragm against the face 55 of the assembly block
ing a liquid ?lling therein, said compartments be
IE, but, due to the narrowness of the cavity con
taining the diaphragm it, the movement is re
stricted to a distance of the order of about 12
mils.
The diaphragm 2% will thus not be harmed.
As soon as the pressures on the diaphragm are
ing so positioned within the shell that said liquid
is caused to ?ow through said passageway by
centrifugal force generated by rotary motion of
the shell, and mechanism in said shell under
control of the ?ow of ?uid through said passage
equalized, the stylus 21 resumes a normal position
and makes a normal depth of cut in the record, 15 way.
3. A device for recording sound waves in a
and will then make a hill and dale recording of
sound ?eld while moving in said ?eld comprising
the sound pressures acting on the diaphragm 25.
a casing or shell adapted to be moved in said
These sound pressures, as in the case of the air
?eld, a sound responsive member mounted with
pressures, are conducted from the exterior of the
in said casing, a sound recording medium in coop
shell through the passageway 50 and the smaller
erative relation thereto, two closed compartments
passageways connected thereto. Due to the fact
within said casing having a constricted passage
that the distance to the back of the diaphragm
way therebetween, one of said compartments be
26 is greater than the distance to the front and
ing ‘of variable capacity and having a ?uid ?lling,
because of a difference in transmission character
means for utilizing pressure generated in said
istics, the sound pressure on the front of the
medium by the movement of said shell there
diaphragm at any particular instant is not in
through to reduce the size of said last-men
phase with that in the back so these pressures
tioned compartment, and driving means coupled
are not equalized (as in the case of the air pres
to said last-mentioned compartment to produce
sures). Thus the depth of cut of the surface on
relative movement between said recording medi
the drum 28 is representative of the sound pres
sure encountered by the nose of the shell as it
moves through the ?uid medium. The recording
drum 28 is enclosed as much as possible by the
steel housing 25 to give it maximum protection
when the shell lands. Preferably the shell should .
be aimed so that it lands in a soft target such
as a sandbank so that it may be recovered and
um and said sound-responsive element.
4. A device for recording sound waves in a
sound ?eld in a ?eld medium while moving in
said ?eld, comprising a casing or shell adapted
to be propelled into or through said ?eld, of a
sound responsive diaphragm mounted in said
casing, a motor member comprising a piston
chamber and a piston, a recording drum, a stylus
its record removed. This record furnishes data
attached to said diaphragm to record movement
which may be used, for example, in the design of
sound actuated fuses for discharging explosive 4:0 thereof on said drum, means including a pas
sageway within said casing open to said fluid
charges contained in anti-aircraft shells. A par
medium through which said casing travels and
ticular advantage of the shell of this invention
extending to the vicinity of said diaphragm and
is that it is not necessary to pump up the interior
to one side of said piston, and means for caus
of the shell, it being preferable that the cham-‘
ber M be at ordinary atmospheric pressure. 45 ing the movement of said piston to rotate said
drum, said piston chamber underneath said pis
Moreover, a large driving pressure is available
ton ‘being closed except for a constricted open—
for moving the piston.
ing into a compartment in said shell from which
While the invention in the form described in
the ?uid pressure generated in said passage is
detail above was evolved primarily as a solution
of the problem of measuring sound to which a 50 excluded.
5. In combination with a casing or shell adapt
sound sensitive aerial projectile is subjected, it
ed to be moved through a fluid medium, of
is to be understood that the invention has several
mechanism in said shell operative when said
broader and different aspects than this. It is
shell is in motion, two closed compartments with
applicable to the recording of sound for any pur
55 in said shell having a constricted passageway
pose in any ?uid medium. Moreover, in cer
therebetween, one of said compartments being
tain aspects the invention is obviously of use for
of variable capacity and having a ?uid ?lling,
other purposes than sound recording, an exam
means for utilizing pressure generated in said
ple being sound control of an explosive within
medium by the movement of said shell there
a moving shell or casing. Furthermore, the in
vention in certain of its aspects has still wider 60 through to reduce the size of said last-mentioned
compartment and to thereby operate said mech
application since it relates broadly to the control
anism, a passageway in said shell open to the
of any desired mechanism within a casing or shell
surrounding medium at the front end of said
moving through a fluid medium.
casing, said passageway serving to transmit the
What.v is claimed is:
pressure produced by movement through said
1. In combination with a casing or shell adapt 65
medium to said pressure utilizing means, and a
ed to be moved through a ?uid medium, of mech
nose for said shell provided with a soft metal
anism in said shell operative when said shell is
tip adapted to close said passageway when the
in motion, two closed compartments within said
casing strikes an object.
shell having a constricted passageway therebe
6. In combination with a casing or shell adapt
tween, one of said compartments being of vari
ed to be moved through a ?uid medium, of mech
able capacity and having a ?uid ?lling, and means
anism in said shell operative when said shell is
for utilizing pressure generated in said medium
in motion, two closed compartments within said
by the movement of said shell therethrough to
shell having a constricted passageway therebe
cause inward‘ movement of one wall of said last
mentioned compartment to operate said mecha 75 tween one of said compartments being of vari
3,406,315
1I
12
able capacity and having a ?uid ?lling, means for
utilizing pressure generated in said medium by
the movement of said shell therethroush to re
ment of Said ‘casing through said medium to the
exterior of said ?uid-?lled compartmentto reduce
its volume.
10. In combination, a casing or shell adapted to
be moved through a ?uid medium and tohave a
‘rotary movement during its travel, a motor mem
duce the size of said last-mentioned compart
ment and to thereby operate said mechanism, a
passageway in said shell open to the surround
ing medium at the front end ‘of said casing, said
ber within said casing, said motor member com,
prising a’ cylinder containing a fluid and a piston
passageway being at the front end of said cas
ing and serving to transmit the pressure produced
by movement through said medium to said pres
Within said cylinder for moving said ?uid and
being itself moved by pressure exerted by said
medium. during ‘movement of said casing, an out
let for the ?uid in said cylinder’, said Outlet com:
prising a constricted passageway having anteri
?cce for regulating or timing the rate of .?uici ?ow
‘sure utilizing means, and means for automat
ically closing said passageway when the casing
strikes an object.
‘
7. A device for recording sound waves in a
sound ?eld While moving in said ?eld, comprising 15 and a closed compartment surrounding said 9Y1.
a easing of shell adapted to be moved in said
?eld, 01? a sound responsive diaphragm mounted
in seidcasina a motor member ‘comprising a pis
ton chamber and a piston, a recording drum
mquetsd about an axis transverse to the path
of travel of said casing of shell, a stylus at
tached to said diaphragm to record movement
?ber-col’ on Said drum, means including a pose
sage within said casing open to the ?uid medium
through which said casing travels and extend
ing to the vicinity of said diaphragm and to one
side of said piston, means for causing the move
ment of saidpiston to rotate said drum, said pis
ton ‘chamber underneath said piston being closed
except tor a constricted opening into a compart
ment in said shell from which the ?uid pres
sure generated in said passage is excluded, means
forcausing said. drum to move along its axis
as it is rotated, and means for applying a force
along the axis of said recording drum which is
opposite in direction to the centrifugal force set
up by the movement of said recording drum about
the path of travel of said shell.
inder, and means controlled by the centrifugal
force set up by said rotary movement for con
trolling the movement of Said piston and caus
ine flow or the mid from said cylinder through
said Ori?ce and into said closed compartment
111- In combination, a casing or shell adapted
to be moved through 2» ?uid medium, a motor
member Within said casing, Said motor member
comprising a cylinder containing a?uid; a piston
25 Within said cylinder for moving said fluid, means
for transmitting to. said piston to cause move
sment thereof within ,said cylinder pressure gen
erated by the movement of said casing, a. closed
comuartfment connected to Said cylinder through
a constricted passageway, and means including
an ori?ce in said constricted passageway ‘for reg
ulating' or timing the flow of fluid from said cyl
inder.
35
1,2. The combination of elements as in claim 11‘
in further combination with, a valve operable by
the rotary movement of said casing to open said
constricted passageway. I
13. The combination with a generally cylindri
8. A device ‘for recording sound waves in a
cal casing or shell, adapted to be projected
sound v?eld in a ?uid medium while moving in 40 through a ?uid medium, so as to be given a rotary
said field, ‘comprising a casing or shell adapted to
motion during its travel, of two closed compart,_
be moved in said ?eld, of a sound responsive dia
ments within said shell having a constricted pas
phragm vmounted in said casing, 'a motor mem-,
sageway therebetween, one of said compartments
ber cpmprising a piston chamber and a piston, a
having a liquid filling therein, said compartment
recording drum mounted about an axis transverse
to the path of travel of said casing or shell, a
stylus attached tosaid diaphragm to record move?
ment thereof on said drum, means including a
passageway Within said casing open to said ?uid
medium through which said casing travels and
l. being so positioned within the shell that cene
trifugal force generated by rotary motion of the
shell tends to cause said liquid to ?ow through
said passageway, mechanism in said shell under
control of the ?ow of ?uid through said passage
extending to the vicinity of said diaphragm and
way, and valve mechanism_within said casing
under joint controlof ?uid pressure produced by
to one side of said piston, means for causing the
movement of said piston to rotate said drum,
said piston chamber ‘underneath said piston being
the movement of translation of said casing and
energy derived from the rotary movement of said
closed except for a constricted opening into a
compartment in said shell from which the ?uid
pressure generated in said passage is excluded,
means for causing said drum to move along its
casing to control the ?ow'of said liquid through
said passageway.
' 14. The combination with a‘ casing or shell
adapted to be moved through a ?uid medium with
a motion of rotation about its longitudinal axis,
of an element within said casing adapted to be
axis as it is rotated, and means for applying a
force along the axis of said recording drum which 60 moved transversely of the longitudinal axis of
is opposite in direction to the centrifugal force set
said casing having its center of gravity oir said
up by the movement of said recording drum about
axis whereby said element tends to be moved'out
the path of travel .of said shell, said force apply
ward by centrifugal force as the casing rotates, a
ing means comprising a ball and a spring. 1
spring member associated: with said element to
9, In combination, ‘a casing or shell adapted to
oppose said centrifugal ‘force with a decreasing
be moved. through a ?uid medium, 8» ?uidr?lled
force as said center of gravity moves toward said
compartment within said casing adapted to have
axis and ‘said centrifugal force is thereby de- ,
its volume reduced under external pressure and
creased, and a fluid controlled member driven by
having a constricted opening in the wall thereof
energy derived from the forward movement of
to nermitthe escape of said ?uid ?lling when the
volume of said compartment is reduced, a closed
compartment into which said ?uid escapes, and
means for applring Pressure produced by moves
70 said ‘casing for driving said element to cause its
centerof gravityv to, approach Said axis as said
casing revolves- '
‘
LLOYD A
#1- LQVELL