Patent application title: System and Method for Applied Kinesiology Feedback

Abstract:

Applied kinesiology method and device utilizes an examiner's autonomic
response to truth/false or beneficial/non-beneficial stimulus and
provides immediate feedback to the examiner in the context of an applied
kinesiology exam. Kinesiology glasses detect local pupillary response to
truthfulness locally and remotely. Through measurements of the pupils
dilation or constriction and processing of the measurements, the response
is obtained and feedback, via sensory stimulation, is provided to the
examiner that reflects the pupillary response. The device and method
effectively eliminate the subjective components of prior art muscle
testing response from the hands of the testing examiner.

Claims:

1. Applied kinesiology feedback glasses comprising:an eye glass frame;a
pupil dilation sensor capable of sensing the variations in the size of a
subject's pupil; said pupil dilation sensor attached to the eye glass
frame;a processor;a switch; said switch connected to the processor and
providing a signal indicating at least a transition between a control
period and an active period;at least one light emitting diode capable of
providing an indication of at least one of a plurality of states and
capable of observation by the subject; said indication selected from the
group consisting of a color of the (LED), a brightness of the LED, a
cadence of the LED and a number of blinks of the LED;said pupil dilation
sensor providing the processor with information regarding the variation
in pupil size and said processor capable of determining a metric based on
plural information received from the sensor during a control period and
capable of determining a second metric based at least on the first metric
and additional information received from the sensor during an active
period, said processor creating a control signal based on the second
metric; said control signal causing said indicator to display an
indication of one of at least one of the plurality of states.

2. The glasses of claim 1, wherein the plurality of states are selected
from the group consisting of true, false and undetermined.

3. The glasses of claim 1, wherein the pupil sensor comprises a digital
camera, wherein the information regarding the variation in pupil diameter
are images of the pupil and iris.

4. An applied kinesiology feedback device comprising:a property sensor
capable of sensing a property characteristic of a subject, said property
characteristic subject to autonomic variation;a processor;a feedback
indicator; and,a cycle signal designating one of a control period and an
active period;said property sensor at least in one way communication with
the processor, wherein signals representative of the subject's property
characteristic and the cycle signal are received and processed by the
processor;wherein said processor having operable control of the feedback
indicator; said feedback indicator, in response to a control signal from
the processor, presents an indication of at least one of a plurality of
states; and, wherein the indication is observable by subject.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the property characteristic is selected
from the group consisting of pupil diameter, temperature, respiration
rate, psychophysiological effects and muscle response.

6. The device of claim 4, wherein the property sensor is selected from the
group consisting of a pupilometer, an ohmmeter, a strain gage, a
thermometer, an EEG, an EOG, an EMG a fMRT and a digital camera.

7. The device of claim 4, wherein the indicator is visual.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein the indication is selected from the
group consisting of a color, brightness, a cadence, and a number of
pulses.

9. The device of claim 4, wherein the indicator is aural.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the indication is selected from the
group consisting of a synthesized voice, a recorded voice, a tone, a
volume, a number of pulses and a low frequency vibration.

11. The device of claim 4, wherein the property sensor is a digital
camera, the property characteristic is pupil diameter and the signals
representative of the property characteristics are images of the pupil
and iris; wherein the processor is capable of determining a metric based
on the signals received from the digital camera and the cycle signal.

12. The device of claim 4, wherein the property sensor is a digital
camera, the property characteristic is pupil diameter and the signals
representative of the property characteristics are images of the pupil
and iris; wherein the processor is capable of determining a metric based
on the signals received from the digital camera during the control period
and capable of determining a second metric based at least on the first
metric and additional signals received from the digital camera during an
active period, said processor creating a control signal based on the
second metric; said control signal causing said indicator to display an
indication of the at least one of the plurality of states.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the first metric is an average of the
pupil diameter measured during the control period and the second metric
is related to the pupil diameter during the active period.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein the second metric is an average or a
derivative thereof.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the second metric is compared to a
predetermined threshold.

16. A method of feedback delivery for an applied kinesiology exam
comprising;sensing a property characteristic of a subject with a sensor
during a control period to obtain information, wherein said property
characteristic subject to autonomic variation;providing the information
regarding the sensed property characteristic to a processor for
processing;transitioning from a control period to an active
period;stimulating the subject to illicit a response;sensing the property
characteristic of the subject to obtain additional information;providing
the addition information regarding the sensed property characteristic
during the active period to the processor;processing the additional
information to determine a response of the property characteristic to the
stimulation; and,providing feedback to the subject based on the
determined response.

17. The method of claim 16, where the step of providing feedback includes
at least providing a visual signal.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the visual signal is selected from the
group consisting of illuminating a light having a predetermined color to
the subject, illuminating a light with a predetermined brightness to the
subject, pulsing a blinking light at a predetermined frequency, and
pulsing a light a predetermined number of pulses.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of providing feedback
includes at least providing an aural signal.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the aural signal is selected from the
group consisting of a synthesized voice, a recorded voice, a tone, a
volume, a number of pulses and a low frequency vibration.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein the property sensor is a digital
camera, the property characteristic is pupil diameter and the signals
representative of the property characteristics are images of the pupil
and iris; wherein the processor is capable of determining an metric based
on the signals received from the digital camera during the control period
and a capable of determining a second metric based at least on the first
metric and additional signals received from the digital camera during an
active period, said processor creating a control signal based on the
second metric; said control signal causing said indicator to display an
indication of the at least one of the plurality of states.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein the stimulus is a true or false
statement.

[0002]The background of applied kinesiology (AK) in general dates back to
George Goodhart, D. C. (1964) in which the observation that the gross,
striated muscle response is one of going weak to a detrimental stimulus
and remaining strong to a beneficial stimulus was made.

[0003]Applied kinesiology interactive assessment procedures represent a
form of functional biomechanical and functional neurologic evaluation.
The term "functional biomechanics" refers to the clinical assessment of
posture, organized motion such as in gait, and ranges of motion. Muscle
testing readily enters into the assessment of postural distortion, gait
impairment and altered range of motion. During a functional neurologic
evaluation, muscle tests are used to monitor the physiologic response to
a physical, chemical or mental stimulus. The observed response is
correlated with clinical history and physical exam findings and, as
indicated, with laboratory tests and any other appropriate standard
diagnostic methods.

[0004]The applied kinesiology response has been used by chiropractors
since the mid 20th Century for diagnostic purposes. In the past, the
muscle response measure was achieved through gross physical movements of
voluntary muscle groups.

[0006]It takes two people to perform a kinesiological test. One is a
friend or family member for testing. We'll call him or her, your subject,
and you will be the examiner. Have the subject standing erect, right hand
relaxed at subject's side, left arm held out parallel to the floor, elbow
straight (Block 101). (You may use the other arm if you wish). Face your
subject and place your left hand on his right shoulder to steady him.
Then place your right hand on the subject's extended left arm just above
the wrist (Block 103). Inform the subject you're going to try to push his
arm down as he resists (Block 105). Now push down on his arm fairly
quickly, firmly and evenly (Block 107). The idea is to push just hard
enough to test this spring and balance in the arm but not so hard that
the muscle becomes fatigued. The phenomenon is not a question of who is
stronger, but of whether the muscle can "lock" the shoulder joint against
the push. You then determine the resistance (Block 109) and determine
whether it is strong or weak (Block 111).

[0007]Assuming there is no physical problem with the muscle and the
subject is in a normal and relaxed state of mind, receiving no extraneous
stimuli (for this reason it is important that the examiner not smile or
otherwise interact with the subject), the muscle will "test strong"--that
is the arm will remain locked or have a high resistance (Block 113). If
the test is repeated in the presence of a negative stimulus (for
instance, artificial sweetener), although you are pushing down no harder
than before, the muscle will not be able to resist the pressure and the
subject's arm will fall to his side (Block 115).

[0008]The same is the case for muscle responses to statements that are
true and not true: the muscle staying strong under "true" conditions and
going weak under "not true" conditions, (i.e., a false statement).
Likewise, it has been reported by Davis, C. 2007 (in Hawkins, D. 2008
"Reality, Spirituality, and Modern Man) that the pupil dilates to false
and constricts to true statements made by the individual. This smooth
muscle, autonomic activity, provides a unique way of assessing the
naturally occurring applied kinesiology response.

[0009]Goodhart (1976) also noted a response in individuals listening to
statements of deceit; that is, large striated muscle tested weak in the
presence of statements known to be false, such as the tape recordings of
Lyndon Johnson talking about the "Tonkin gulf" or Edward Kennedy
stonewalling on Chappaquiddick. These parsimonious observations by
Goodhart carry implications for national security interests in that the
false information is not being expressed by the individual tested (i.e.,
the person being tested isn't doing the lying), but the false information
is being detected by the person listening to it. This particular
phenomenon is described and explained by Hawkins as a "field effect". The
theoretical explanation is in terms of quantum physics, "nonlocal
effects", and hence somewhat "edgy" to the everyday understanding, but
the observable functionality is what is remarkable and holds tremendous
promise if the parameters by which it works are validated. In other
words, because of the field effect of a false statement, one does not
have to be present at the location to detect it.

[0010]An object of the present subject matter is to provide improved
devices, systems, and methods for measuring characteristics of at least
one eye, and particularly for measuring the physiological changes in the
eyes under different conditions of truthfulness (beneficial) and
falseness (non-beneficial).

[0011]Another object of the present subject matter is to remove subjective
components of the muscle testing response from the testing individual by
automatically monitoring an involuntary (autonomic) pupillary response
using an automated process.

[0012]Yet another object of the present subject matter is to provide for a
remote applied kinesiology examination.

[0013]These and many other objects and advantages of the present subject
matter will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art to which the
invention pertains from a perusal of the claims, the appended drawings,
and the following detailed description of preferred embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014]FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a prior art kinesiology examination.

[0015]FIG. 2A is an illustration of applied kinesiology glasses according
to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

[0016]FIG. 2B is a schematic of applied kinesiology glasses according to
an embodiment of the present subject matter.

[0017]FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for a method of feedback delivery for an
applied kinesiology exam according to an embodiment of the present
subject matter.

[0018]FIG. 4 is a flow chart for a method for obtaining applied
kinesiology feedback.

[0019]FIG. 5 is a flow diagram flow chart for determining the autonomic
response in the pupil.

[0020]FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining applied kinesiology
feedback remotely.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021]Kinesiology glasses are a device that documents the phenomenon of
the iris's response to truthfulness versus falseness (as well as
beneficial versus non-beneficial conditions) and that gives immediate
feedback to the individual. The device advantageously takes the
subjective components of the muscle testing response out of the hands of
the testing individual and monitors an involuntary (autonomic) pupillary
response, using a photo/mechanical, computationally derived function
effectively eliminating a subjective component to the muscle testing
process while requiring only one individual be involved. The glasses may
be a personalized, self-contained mechanism whereby an individual working
solely by themselves can ascertain the results of the applied kinesiology
response. In other words, an individual may obtain the truthfulness of a
statement without the presence of a second person. Previous applied
kinesiology responses required two individuals; an examiner and a
subject. This device allows for self-evaluation and eliminates a
subjective influence on obtaining the response between two people.

[0022]In one exemplary embodiment, self evaluation and elimination of
subjective influences may be accomplished through a unique glasses-frame
mounted device that is completely portable and self-contained. The
glasses may also provide "truthfulness" information to the examiner on
subjects or entities other than the testing individual. As applied
kinesiology is based on a "field phenomenon" the subject of information
is not limited to the individual using the device, and so, may have
far-reaching applications for information gathering beyond the individual
doing the testing.

[0023]The kinesiology glasses detect local pupillary response to
truthfulness locally and remotely. An exemplary embodiment provides a
measurement of pupil constriction or dilation over time to conditions of
truthfulness or non-truthfulness, respectively (or conditions which are
favorable or unfavorable physiologically to the individual, respectively)
and provides sensory feedback to the individual wearing the device.
Whereas the pupillary's surface area (and by direct operation diameter)
response to truthfulness is a field phenomenon, remote assessment of
truthfulness is possible. Exemplary embodiments are configured to measure
pupil dilation in response to physiological conditions or truthful versus
non-truthful statements.

[0024]FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate an embodiment of the applied kinesiology
glasses. A traditional eye glass frame 201 is shown which is adapted to
serve as the applied kinesiology glasses. A pupil dilation sensor 208
that is capable of sensing the variations in the dilation of a subject's
pupil is positioned within the eyeglass frame generally in the vicinity
of the eyeglass lens so as to measure the dilation in the subject's
pupil. Other locations which enable measurement of the pupil are also
envisioned and anticipated. While in the figure, the right eye lens is
shown as opaque, a transparent lens may well be used. A processor 202 may
be integrated anywhere within the eyeglass frame 201 or may be external.
In FIG. 2A, the processor 202 is positioned in the right lens area. A
switch 204 is connected to the processor 202 and is capable of providing
a signal indicating a transition (as will be later explained). In FIG.
2A, the switch 204 is shown as a hand held thumb activated switch
connected to the eyeglass frame and the processor 202 via a flexible
cord, the switch may also be voice activated employing a microphone 209
as part of the switch, to keep the examiner's hands free.

[0025]Two light emitting diodes 206a and 206b capable of providing an
indication of at least one of a plurality of states and capable of
observation by the subject are shown. In the embodiment of FIG. 2A; a red
206a (LED) indicates a false or negative state and a green 206b indicates
a true or positive state. The state may also be indicated by a brightness
of the LED, a cadence of the LED or a number of blinks of the LED, these
latter types of indications are especially beneficial in designating
states if only one LED is used. FIG. 2A also shows red and green displays
(also labeled 206 a and b) or projections that may also be used to
indicate a state. Liquid crystal display (LCD) may also be used to
provide feedback.

[0026]As shown in FIG. 2B, the pupil dilation sensor 208 (pupilometer),
which may be a digital camera, provides the processor 202 with
information regarding the variation in pupil diameter (area). The
processor 202 determines a control metric (normalized or base metric)
based on the information received from the sensor 208 during the control
period and determines a response metric based on the control metric and
the additional information received from the sensor 208 during an active
period. A pupilometer such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,431,455,
titled "Pupilometer for pupil center drift and pupil size measurements at
differing viewing distances," the entirety of which is herein
incorporated by reference, may be suitable for use as the pupil dilation
sensor 208. The information provided by the sensor 208 may be digital
images of the pupil and iris which may be processed by the processor 202
to determine the dilation of the pupil. The information may also be
physical measurements of pupil or may be relative indicators of changes
in the pupil's dilation. The sensor 208 may also include internal
processing capabilities.

[0027]The processor 202 creates and sends control signals, based on the
response metric and the base metric, or as described later may be based
solely on the response metric. The control signals control the indicator
206 (display) in this embodiment causing the visual displays 206 or the
red and green LEDs to turn on or off or otherwise indicate the state. The
switch 204 controls and indicates the transition between the control
period and the active (or response) period and is provided to the
processor 202. In some embodiments the transition may be implied or
assumed and thus the switch 204 may not be needed.

[0028]FIG. 3 describes a method of providing an applied kinesiology exam
with the kinesiology glasses upon transition.

[0029]1) A statement (stimulation) is made by the examiner as shown in
Block 301.

[0030]2) The glasses' measuring process is activated as shown in Block
303. The activation may be by a verbal statement, i.e. "test" via a
voice-activated switch, or may be by activating a mechanical switch, i.e.
"a hand-held device". This process determines the autonomic response of
the examiner to the statement.

[0031]3) The resultant increase (dilation) or decrease (constriction) in
pupil size, as measured and determined by the device, triggers activation
of either a red LED or green LED mounted on the interior of the glasses
frame as shown in Block 305. This provides the examiner feedback
information about whether the pupil has increased or decreased in size.

[0032]4) The device is then ready for another statement/pupil measuring
period as shown in Block 307.

[0033]FIG. 4 describes more specifically a method for obtaining applied
kinesiology feedback. A property characteristic of a subject is sensed in
Block 401 with a sensor. The property characteristic as noted above is
preferably subject to autonomic variation. The property may also be
selected from other autonomic responses such as body temperature,
respiration rate, and/or psychophysiological effects. The
psychophysiological effects may include measures of brain activity, such
as brain waves (electroencephalography, EEG), fMRI (functional magnetic
resonance imaging), measures of skin conductance (skin conductance
response, SCR; galvanic skin response, GSR), cardiovascular measures
(heart rate, HR; beats per minute, BPM; heart rate variability, HRV;
vasomotor activity), muscle activity (electromyography, EMG), changes in
pupil diameter with thought and emotion (pupillometry) and eye movements,
recorded via the electro-oculogram (EOG) and direction-of-gaze methods.
In Block 403 the information regarding the sensed property (pupil
dilation) is communicated to the processor for processing. From this
information, the processor may determine the baseline of the pupil
diameter.

[0034]In Block 405 a transition is made from the control period to an
active period; transition may be accomplished through the use of a
switch, voice activation or manually. Alternatively, software may also
analyze the changes in a property characteristic to determine a
transition. For example a sharp deviation or a deviation above a
predetermined threshold may be used as a pseudo real time transition to
the active period. In another alternative, a base line may be established
to compare all subsequent responses and the glasses remain in an active
state. Simultaneously or in temporal proximity to the transition from the
control period to the active period, the subject is stimulated to affect
a response as shown in Block 407.

[0035]The property characteristic of the subject is sensed to obtain
additional information regarding its autonomic response as shown in Block
409. The additional information regarding the sensed property
characteristic is provided to the processor as shown in Block 411. The
processor uses the additional information to determine the autonomic
response during the active period as shown in Block 413. Feedback based
on the autonomic response via the processor is provided to the subject as
shown in Block 415. The feedback may be a visual signal including
illuminating a light having a predetermined color to the subject,
illuminating a light with a predetermined brightness to the subject,
pulsing a blinking light at a predetermined frequency, or pulsing a light
a predetermined number of pulses or combination thereof. The feedback may
also be an aural signal such as a synthesized voice, a recorded voice, a
tone, a volume or a number of audio pulses. The feedback may also be a
non-audible vibration or other sensory stimulant.

[0036]FIG. 5 is a flow chart for determining the autonomic response in the
pupil. The characteristic of the pupil may be measured from the end point
of the statement to the end of a specified time interval on a continuous
basis. The resultant increase or decrease of the pupil characteristic, if
beyond a certain predetermined criteria, triggers a positive feedback
response or negative feedback response on the glasses (indicated by a
green LED light or a red LED light, respectively).

[0037]The method for determining the autonomic response may be practiced
covering three periods, the control period as shown in Block 501, the
transition period as shown in Block 507 and the active (or response)
period as shown in Block 509. As noted above the control period
establishes a base line or normative value and expected deviations of the
property characteristic (pupil dilation). The active or response period
establishes the autonomic response temporal to the stimulus.

[0038]In Block 503 information is obtained on the diameter (area) of the
pupil during the control period. The information may be an image or
images of the pupil taken by a digital camera. This information is
provided to a processor which determines a control metric (first metric)
as shown in Block 505. For example from the images, the diameter, area,
radius, etc. of the pupil may be determined and an average value or other
statistical measure may be determined, such as a standard deviation to
account for normal fluctuations in pupil size.

[0039]Subsequent to the transition period 507 additional information is
obtained as shown in Block 511 during the active period 509. This
information is reflective of the autonomic response. This information is
provided to the processor which determines a response metric as shown in
Block 513. The resulting changes (either increased or decreased, over
time) calculations may then trigger either a red or green LED response
mounted on the interior aspect of the lens' rim, depending on whether the
response metric meets specific criteria. The response metric is
determined based at least on the control metric and additional signals
received from the digital camera during an active period. The images of
the pupil from the response period may be used to determine an average
value or other statistical measure; this value may then be compared to
the control metric by mathematical or logical operation to arrive at a
response metric. A control signal indicating the nature of the feedback
may be generated based on the response metric as shown in Block 515.

[0040]For illustration purposes, the following example is provided. The
initial sensing is done during a control period to obtain baseline
information regarding the characteristic in a non-stimulated control
period. In the embodiment described herein, the property characteristic
is pupil diameter or dilation. During the control period a digital camera
takes a series of five successive images of the subject's pupil. The five
images show a pupil diameter of 2.1, 2.0, 1.9, 2.0 and 2.1 mm. The
average diameter is 2.02 mm. The standard deviation is 0.08367. During
the response period the digital camera takes another series of five
images of the subject's pupil. The five images in the response period
show a pupil diameter of 2.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.1 and 2.2 mm. The average
diameter is 2.14. A difference between the diameter averages is 0.12 mm
(2.14-2.02=0.12 mm) The response metric may be as simple as this
difference or may be a function of the difference, such as the difference
divided by the standard deviation in which case the response metric could
be 0.12/0.0837 or 1.43. Based on the positive response metric the
processor would send a control signal to indicate a false or negative
feedback. A -1.43 response metric in this example would result in the
processor generating a control signal to indicative a true or positive
feedback. A response metric less than 1 in this example may be ignored as
it is within the standard deviation. However other statistics, metrics
and thresholds may be used and the inclusion of this illustration is not
exclusive, exhaustive or intended to be limiting.

[0041]Alternatively, upon a deviation in the pupil's characteristics, the
transition to the active period can be assumed. A deviation in pupil
characteristics as associated with a running average may be used to
indicate a transition. As in the above example, the ten measurements
taken are 2.1, 2.0, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.1, and 2.2, a simple
running metric of

M = D i + D i - 1 2 3 ( D i - 2 + D i - 3 + D i
- 4 ) ##EQU00001##

is calculated to detect non-spurious shifts in the pupil's
characteristics. The running metric is calculated over a series of five
successive measurements; at i=5 (the end of the control period) is 1.025,
at i=6 is 1.07 and at i=7 is 1.05 and at i=8 is 1.04. The local peak of
1.07 reveals the dilation of the pupil and transition to the response
period, likewise a local dip in the running metric reveals constriction
of the pupil and a transition. Other method or algorithms for assuming
the transition are also envisioned.

[0042]FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining applied kinesiology
feedback remotely. First the subject observes the remote stimulus as
shown in Block 601. The observation may be visual or aural and may be in
real time, i.e. a live video or audio feed or may be prerecorded. The
autonomic response of the subject is measured as shown in Block 603 and
based upon the response, feedback indicating the truthfulness or
falseness of the observed behavior is generated as shown in Block 605.
For example an interrogation of a suspect is captured on a live video
feed. The applied kinesiology examiner wearing the applied kinesiology
glasses observes the interrogation and from measurements of the
examiner's (not the suspect's) pupil dilation in response to the
interrogation, the truthfulness or falseness of the suspect's statement
may be objectively determined.

[0043]An advantage of the applied kinesiology glasses is to provide a
simple and unique means of delivering feedback on the applied kinesiology
response of the pupil. The glasses provide visual or other form of
feedback of a true versus not true response to a particular statement or
stimulus. As noted above this may advantageously be done by an apparatus
built into the frame of glasses that measures the area of the pupil as it
dilates or constricts to a particular statement. Additionally, the
processing and feedback indication may be done external to the glasses
such as by a laptop computer connected by tether or wirelessly to the
glasses.

[0044]Aspects of the present subject matter include the determination of a
true state, a false state and an indeterminate state.

[0045]Another aspect of this device which is unique is that it captures
the pupillary response to a given stimulus (a particular statement)
(triggered by either a voice activated signal or a mechanical signal) and
feeds back that information to the individual in an expeditious, fourth
right manner. The application of the glasses is to eliminate a subjective
component of muscle testing which relies on striated/voluntary muscles
and provide an alternate means of assessing the applied kinesiology
response with an involuntary (non-volitional) objective measure derived
through a unique device measuring iris movement (constriction or dilation
of the pupil).

[0046]Yet another aspect of the present subject matter is it allows the
individual to test themselves for diagnostic purposes (eliminating the
need for another practitioner) and allows diagnostic processes to be done
on other individuals without them being present. This allows for
portability, convenience, and eliminates subjectivity that may be
involved with an additional individual. In addition to the diagnostic
implications, the glasses represent a step forward in the ability and
means to make assessment decisions (true versus false) in a remote
manner. Implications for the disclosed subject matter are far-reaching
including medical assessment and diagnosis, lie detection, armed service
conditioning, gaming and remote/distant knowledge gathering through a
convenient and non-intrusive, and individualized, method and apparatus.

[0047]Aspects of the disclosed subject matter may be specifically
implemented by algorithms embedded in software or application specific
integrated circuits (ASIC).

[0048]While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been
described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are
illustrative only and that the scope of the invention is to be defined
solely by the appended claims when accorded a full range of equivalence,
many variations and modifications naturally occurring to those of skill
in the art from a perusal hereof.