Porter Five Forces Model

Indian Automobile Industry
The Indian automobile industry is the tenth largest in the world with an annual production of approximately 2 million units. Indian auto industry, promises to become the major automotive industry in the upcoming years and the industry experts are hopeful that it will touch 10 million units mark. Indian automobile industry is involved in design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of motor vehicles. There are a number of global automotive giants that are upbeat about the expansion plans and collaboration with domestic companies to produce automobiles in India.
Porter's five forces model on Automobile Industry * Barriers to Entry – Automobile Industry is a capital extensive and labor extensive industry. The emergence of foreign competitors with the capital, required technologies and management skills began to undermine the market share of many automobile companies. Globalization has lead to huge investments and has caused businesses to move from national and domestic markets to a worldwide environment which is a huge factor affecting the auto market. Off late, it is becoming easier for foreign automakers to enter the Domestic market .Automobiles depend heavily on consumer trends and tastes. While car companies do sell a large proportion of vehicles to businesses and car rental companies (fleet sales), consumer sales is the largest source of revenue. For this reason, taking consumer and business confidence into account should be a higher priority than considering the regular factors like earnings growth and debt load.

* Threat of Substitutes - Rather than looking at the threat of someone buying a different car, there is also need to also look at the likelihood of people taking the bus, train or airplane to their destination.…...

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...Porter’s Five Forces Model
Porter’s Five Forces is an economic model used to characterise industries and markets, and combine to make up the business environment.
Porter explains that by studying the structure and underlying dynamics between these forces, Nokia can discover opportunities for improving their marketing strategies, along with determining the industry attractiveness, competitiveness and long-run industry profitability. These five forces are also known as "competitive forces".
Michael Porter has identified five forces that are widely used to assess the structure of any industry, along with evaluating what drives competition. Porter’s five forces are:
1. Existing Competitive Rivalry
2. Potential New Entrants
3. Threat of Substitutes
4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
5. Bargaining Power of Customers
Existing Competitive Rivalry
The most common and direct threat to a business or organisation is through their rivals and competitors. This usually occurs in a market that sells the same product or offers similar facilities and services, to a population of the same customer base. Overall, general markets are known and seen to be more competitive. The more firms that will operate in the markets the easier it will be for the customers to shop around. Even a minority of firms can dominate a market, for example, supermarkets; even they can cause intense competition.
For example, “some forms of competition, such as price competition, are highly......

...Awareness of the ﬁve forces can help a company understand the structure of its industry and stake out a position that is more proﬁtable and less vulnerable to attack.
78 Harvard Business Review
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January 2008
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hbr.org
STRATEGY STRATEGY
by Michael E. Porter
Peter Crowther
SHAPE
THE FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCES THAT
Editor’s Note: In 1979, Harvard Business Review published “How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy” by a young economist and associate professor, Michael E. Porter. It was his ﬁrst HBR article, and it started a revolution in the strategy ﬁeld. In subsequent decades, Porter has brought his signature economic rigor to the study of competitive strategy for corporations, regions, nations, and, more recently, health care and philanthropy. “Porter’s ﬁve forces” have shaped a generation of academic research and business practice. With prodding and assistance from Harvard Business School Professor Jan Rivkin and longtime colleague Joan Magretta, Porter here reafﬁrms, updates, and extends the classic work. He also addresses common misunderstandings, provides practical guidance for users of the framework, and offers a deeper view of its implications for strategy today.
IN ESSENCE, the job of the strategist is to understand and cope with competition. Often, however, managers deﬁne competition too narrowly, as if it occurred only among today’s direct competitors. Yet competition for proﬁts goes beyond established industry rivals to include four other......

...deciding whether to switch career and become a farmer – he's always loved the countryside, and wants to switch to a career where he's his own boss. He creates the following Five Forces Analysis as he thinks the situation through:
Figure 2 - Porter's Five Forces Example - Buying a Farm
This worries him:
The threat of new entry is quite high: if anyone looks as if they're making a sustained profit, new competitors can come into the industry easily, reducing profits.
Competitive rivalry is extremely high: if someone raises prices, they'll be quickly undercut. Intense competition puts strong downward pressure on prices.
Buyer Power is strong, again implying strong downward pressure on prices.
There is some threat of substitution.
Unless he is able to find some way of changing this situation, this looks like a very tough industry to survive in. Maybe he'll need to specialize in a sector of the market that's protected from some of these forces, or find a related business that's in a stronger position.
Key Points:
Porter's Five Forces Analysis is an important tool for assessing the potential for profitability in an industry. With a little adaptation, it is also useful as a way of assessing the balance of power in more general situations.
It works by looking at the strength of five important forces that affect competition:
Supplier Power: The power of suppliers to drive up the prices of your inputs.
Buyer Power: The power of your customers to drive down your......

...3/9/13
Porter five forces analysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Porter five forces analysis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Porter five forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It draws upon industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An "unattractive" industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching "pure competition", in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit. Three of Porter's five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder are internal threats.
A graphical representation of Porter's Five Forces
Porter referred to these forces as the micro environment, to contrast it with the more general term macro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of the forces normally requires a business unit to re-assess the marketplace given the overall change in industry information. The overall industry attractiveness does not imply that every firm in the industry will return the same profitability. Firms are able to apply......

...Discussion of Porters five forces
The model of the Five Competitive Forces was developed by Michael E. Porter in his book „Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors“ in 1980. Since that time it has become an important tool for analyzing an organizations industry structure in strategic processes.
Porters model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment. Especially, competitive strategy should base on and understanding of industry structures and the way they change.
Porter has identified five competitive forces that shape every industry and every market. These forces determine the intensity of competition and hence the profitability and attractiveness of an industry. The objective of corporate strategy should be to modify these competitive forces in a way that improves the position of the organization. Porters model supports analysis of the driving forces in an industry. Based on the information derived from the Five Forces Analysis, management can decide how to influence or to exploit particular characteristics of their industry.
2 The Five Competitive Forces
The Five Competitive Forces are typically described as follows:
2.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
The term 'suppliers' comprises all sources for inputs that are needed in order to provide goods or services.
Supplier bargaining power is likely to be high......

...Porter's Five Forces Model: analysing industry structure
Author: Jim Riley Last updated: Sunday 23 September, 2012
Overview of the Five Forces Model Porter identified five factors that act together to determine the nature of competition within an industry. These are the: Threat of new entrants to a market Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of customers (“buyers”) Threat of substitute products Degree of competitive rivalry
He identified that high or low industry profits (e.g. soft drinks v airlines) are associated with the following characteristics:
Let’s look at each one of the five forces in a little more detail to explain how they work. Threat of new entrants to an industry If new entrants move into an industry they will gain market share & rivalry will intensify The position of existing firms is stronger if there are barriers to entering the market If barriers to entry are low then the threat of new entrants will be high, and vice versa Barriers to entry are, therefore, very important in determining the threat of new entrants. An industry can have one or more barriers. The following are common examples of successful barriers:
Barrier Investment cost Notes High cost will deter entry High capital requirements might mean that only large businesses can compete Lower unit costs make it difficult for smaller newcomers to break into the market and compete effectively Each restriction can act as a barrier to entry E.g. patents provide the patent holder with......

...What is it?
Framework/theory
Porter's Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis were developed in 1979 by Michael E Porter of Harvard Business School as a simple framework for assessing and evaluating the competitive strength and position of a business organisation.
This theory is based on the concept that there are five forces that determine the competitive intensity and attractiveness of a market. Porter’s five forces help to identify where power lies in a business situation. This is useful both in understanding the strength of an organisation’s current competitive position, and the strength of a position that an organisation may look to move into.
Strategic analysts often use Porter’s five forces to understand whether new products or services are potentially profitable. By understanding where power lies, the theory can also be used to identify areas of strength, to improve weaknesses and to avoid mistakes.
Porter’s five forces of competitive position analysis:
The five forces are:
1. Supplier power. An assessment of how easy it is for suppliers to drive up prices. This is driven by the: number of suppliers of each essential input; uniqueness of their product or service; relative size and strength of the supplier; and cost of switching from one supplier to another.
2. Buyer power. An assessment of how easy it is for buyers to drive prices down. This is driven by the: number of buyers in the market; importance of each individual buyer to the organisation; and......

...Introduction:
In 1979, Harvard Business Review published “How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy” by a young economist and associate professor, Michael E. Porter. It was his ﬁrst HBR article, and it started a revolution in the strategy ﬁeld. In subsequent decades, Porter has brought his signature economic rigor to the study of competitive strategy for corporations, regions, nations, and, more recently, health care and philanthropy.
“Porter’s ﬁve forces” have shaped a generation of academic research and business practice. With prodding and assistance from Harvard Business School Professor Jan ‘ Rivkin and longtime colleague Joan Magretta, Porter here reaffirms, up-dates, and extends the classic work. He also ad-dresses common misunderstandings, provides
practical guidance for users of the framework, and offers a deeper view of its implications for strategy today.
In essence, the job of the strategist is to understand and cope with competition. Often, however, managers deﬁne competition too narrowly, as if it occurred only among today’s direct competitors. Yet competition for proﬁts goes beyond established industry rivals to include four other competitive forces as well customers, suppliers, potential entrants, and substitute products. The extended rivalry that results from all ﬁve forces deﬁnes an industry’s structure and shapes the nature of competitive interaction within an industry. As different from one another as industries might appear on the surface, the underlying...

...Porter’s Five Forces Analyses
Threat of New Entrants - Low
According to Porter (1985), potential competitors in any market are faced with challenges that new entrants often have including sales channels, costs of conversion and funding needs. (Dr. Antony Michail, 2011) Throughout the recession Tesco has continued to invest into expanding the company and developing efficiencies, making it as competitive as ever to defend against the threat of new entrants (Datamonitor, 2010).The threat of a new competitor entering this sector is relatively low, due to the huge capital investment required to be competitive and establish a brand identity that stands out. Tesco and other large supermarket are able to purchase large volumes of goods in lower price. In contrast, smaller new entry companies are more likely to buy smaller volumes at higher prices. New firms also have to be aware that Tesco already have loyalty customers. All of which helps to protect them from the threat of new competitors. Therefore, the successful entry of new threats is minimal.
Threat of New Substitutes products or services - High
According to Porter (1985), the threat of substitute products and services offered by an organization depends on propensity of the buyer to substitute, switching cost that the buyer will incur, perceived product or service differentiation level, the number of substitute products or services in the market ease of substitution and quality depreciation among other factors. (Dr. Antony...

...determining strategy, Porter's five-forces model looks at the strength of five distinct competitive forces, which, when taken together, determine long-term profitability and competition. Porter's work has had a greater influence on business strategy than any other theory in the last half of the twentieth century, and his more recent work may have a similar impact on global competition.
Michigan native Michael Porter was born in 1947, was educated at Princeton, and earned an MBA (1971) and Ph.D. (1973) from Harvard. He was promoted to full professor at Harvard at age 34 and is currently C. Roland Christensen Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. He has published numerous books and articles, the first Interbrand Choice, Strategy and Bilateral Market Power, appearing in 1976. His best known and most widely used and referenced books are Competitive Strategy (1980) and Competitive Advantage (1985). Competitive Strategy revolutionized contemporary approaches to business strategy through application of the five-forces model. In Competitive Advantage, Porter further developed his strategy concepts to include the creation of a sustainable advantage. His other model, the value chain model, centers on product added value. Porter's work is widely read by business strategists around the world as well as business students. Any MBA student recognizes his name as one of the icons of business literature. The Strategic Management Society named Porter the most......

...Porter's five forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It draws upon industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An "unattractive" industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching "pure competition", in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit.
Three of Porter's five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder are internal threats.
Porter referred to these forces as the micro environment, to contrast it with the more general term macro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of the forces normally requires a business unit to re-assess the marketplace given the overall change in industry information. The overall industry attractiveness does not imply that every firm in the industry will return the same profitability. Firms are able to apply their core competencies, business model or network to achieve a profit above the industry average. A clear example of this is the airline industry. As an industry, profitability is low and yet......

...Porter’s Competitive Forces Model
Question: Why was allocated model developed?
In the 1970’s, there was a change in market place of the industries. The industries were transforming from local sellers to global sellers. At that time the industries needed to know and strengthen their competitive position in order to survive in the market place. Competition was increasing because of the change in market place. Earlier, industries used to sell their products to the local buyers only. But lately, they had started selling their products globally. Thus, due to this change in the buyer community there was a need for industries to protect themselves against competition from other industries and achieve competitive advantage. (Kippenberger, 1996)
Competitive advantage is like achieving a better place than competitors. The industries can achieve competitive advantage by proper formulation and analysis of their strategies. Michael Porter (1979) developed five forces model for strategy analysis and formulation. These forces analyze the opportunities available and threats to the industries. Thus the analysis helps the managers gain a better understanding of the strategies that are useful for industries to achieve their goals. (Kippenberger, 1996)
Question: What is the model?
Porter’s Competitive Forces Model is for strategy analysis. The model represents five major external forces that can affect a company’s profitability and competitive advantage. Threats of entry, Powerful...

...Porter's five forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It draws upon industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An "unattractive" industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching "pure competition", in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit.
Three of Porter's five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder are internal threats.
Porter referred to these forces as the micro environment, to contrast it with the more general term macro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of the forces normally requires a business unit to re-assess the marketplace given the overall change in industry information. The overall industry attractiveness does not imply that every firm in the industry will return the same profitability. Firms are able to apply their core competencies, business model or network to achieve a profit above the industry average. A clear example of this is the airline industry. As an industry, profitability is low and yet individual...

...Porter's 5 forces model is a powerful way of analysing the competitive forces that shapes every industry in general. This was developed by Michael E. Porter of Havard Business School in 1979. This tool helps you to identify whether a new product, investment, services or business have the potential to be profitable.
The 5 competative forces that are taken into consideration are:
Competition in the Industry
Potential of new entrant into Industry
Power of Suppliers
Power of Customers
Threat to substitute products
Lets discuss each of these points in detail:
Competition in the Industry:
This describes the competition between the existing firms in an industry. Greater the competitive riverly (companies providing equally good products or services) lesser are the profit margin. The price of the product/services is the single most defining factor that influences the customer's buy decision. Hence to maintain low cost, companies consistently has to make manufacturing improvements to keep the business competitive. This requires additional capital expenditure which tends to eat up company's earning. On the other hand if no one else can provide products/ services the way you do you have a monopoly.
Lets try to explore these points in more detail. Look at the current senario, the small car market in India is very competitive with players like Maruti Suzuki, Tata Motors, Huyndai etc. which was preety much dominated by Maruti. But with launch of Nano the 1 lakh car the...