JUDAISM AND HOMOSEXUALITY:

ORTHODOX JUDAISM

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Orthodox Judaism:

Orthodox Jews total about one million in the United States. They can
roughly be divided into three groups: Modern Orthodox Judaism,
Ultra-Orthodox Judaism, and Hasidic Judaism. They strictly follow the 613
injunctions in the Mosaic Code. They assert that only traditional methods of
studying Jewish religious texts is valid; they reject modern forms of
historical scholarship.

They generally regard homosexual
behavior as "an abomination," totally forbidden by the Torah.
However, simply having a sexual orientation does not violate Jewish law, if one
remains celibate. Rabbi Barry Freundel of Kesher Israel, in Washington,
DC explains: "Homosexuality is not a state of being in traditional Judaism;
it's an act. Desires are...not relevant." 1

Some gay and
lesbian Orthodox Jews interpret the prohibitions in Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13
literally, as specifically prohibiting only anal sex between two men. Thus, they
feel free to "...kiss, hug, and caress, may touch in ways that lead to orgasm
(such as mutual masturbation), and may also have oral sex." 2

Beliefs among Orthodox Rabbis vary:

Rabbi Barry Freundel stated: "The Orthodox gay movement is organizing …
around something that is unacceptable. It's like saying we're a group of
Orthodox Sabbath violators or Orthodox ham eaters." 1

Rabbi Avi Shafran, spokesperson for Agudath Israel of America,
wrote: "The whole approach to demanding to be accommodated is profoundly
non-Orthodox....I have a hard time dealing with someone who says, 'I'm gay and
I want to be accepted.' Adulterers are not demanding adulterers' minyans. We
can't elevate sinning to a lifestyle. The more it's mainstream … the more
people will choose it and accept it as an option." 1

Rabbi Steven Greenberg is an Orthodox rabbi who works at the National
Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership (CLAL). Before coming out as a
gay man, he said: "I wasted 20 years of my life on self-hatred, guilt, and
fear. He believes that: "Ideally, one should get married and have
children. But in the event that one can't, the punishment of celibacy is
unthinkable. It's just not realistic and not human." Many Orthodox rabbis
have publicly denounced Greenberg, questioning his Orthodox credentials. Rabbi
Avi Shafran is reported as saying: "He wants to have his cake and eat it
too. He is lying to the public by saying, 'I have an Orthodox mindset'."
1

Rabbi Shlomo Riskin: To'evah, "interestingly enough, the Talmud
explains as to'eh atah bah -- you're making a mistake through this thing.
You're making a mistake because it does not lead to the kind of normative
family life which the Torah sees as being the fundamental building structure
of a good and holy society."

Shlomo Ashkinazy, Orthodox Gay Psychotherapist: "A tie'vah is an
urge. It's an illogical urge. That all of sex is a tie'vah, it doesn't have
rhyme or reason to it. What a gay person does or what a straight person
does, or wants to do, it isn't logical, it's something brought down from
above."

Rabbi Yosef Langer: "If you're only inclined to have relationships
with men and nothing else works for you, then yes, you have to be celibate."

Rabbi Nathan Lopes Cardozo: "It is not possible for the Torah to
come and ask a person to do something that he is not able to do.
Theoretically speaking, it would be better for the homosexual to live a
life of celibacy. I just would argue one thing -- it's completely
impossible. It doesn't work. The human force of sexuality is so big that it
can't be done."

Rabbi Shlomo Riskin: "...I really believe that more and more
orthodox Rabbis who have come into contact with people who are gay as the
situation has become more open. Like everything else, when you don't know
you tend to demonize and almost dehumanize. When you know, you've met the
individual, you've seen the sincerity of his prayer, you can no longer
demonize and dehumanize. You have to just love and help, and that's what I
think -- in the final analysis, that's what Judaism is all about."
3

Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld, of the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale, having watched the
film, wrote: "For someone who is Gay and yet loves the richness of an
otherwise Orthodox Jewish lifestyle, there are basically 3 responses."

"This person can subdue their homosexuality which they usually
believe is given to them by God and live an Orthodox Jewish life."

"Or they can leave the Orthodox lifestyle entirely. But to do that is
often exceedingly difficult, because as this gay rabbi said to me, 'I am not
defined by sexual identity'."

"And so the third possible option is to live a life, like we all do,
on different levels, full of conflict and internal pain. And then it becomes
our responsibility to rise as a community to a level which this film showed
that our wider community is not yet at-to be able to say, your actions
violate our laws, and yet we will not ostracize you, we will love you the
same we love all of our brothers and sisters." 1

Author Naomi Grossman wrote: "While there are no statistics available on
the community's suicide rate, every gay Orthodox person interviewed for this
article told me she or he knew of at least one Orthodox homosexual who had
attempted or committed suicide. Experts say the suicide rate among gay Orthodox
Jews is likely to be even higher than for the gay community at large, owing to
the more restrictive and tight-knit atmosphere of Orthodox communities."
1

A number of support groups for Orthodox Jews have sprung up, primarily on the
East and West coast of the U.S. 4,5,6