Hair cells are required for hearing and balance. Hair cell death is caused by multiple environmental insults, such as prolong exposure to loud noises, aminoglycoside antibiotics, some chemotherapeutics, and heavy metals, ...

Objective: To assess the relationship between retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and psychosocial well-being of adult women formerly in foster care as children. Methods: A total of 101 women ...

The somatosensory system is a critical interface to the environment. It contains a highly diverse group of sensory neurons that are responsible for sensing touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception. The Runx transcription ...

Development requires cells to send and receive information, often in the form of small molecules or peptides. An emerging theme in biology is that information can be encoded in the dynamics of signaling, not just in the ...

Nematodes appear to have efficient defenses against the germline activity of retroviruses and retrotransposons, as evidenced by the small number of sequences in their genome derived from such elements. No viruses that ...

Pigment patterns are among the most striking of traits, yet we know very little about the interactions required for organizing pigment cells during adult pattern formation or how evolutionary changes in pigment cell ...

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were first isolated and characterized from human teeth and most studies have focused on using human DPSCs for dentin regeneration. However, mouse DPSCs have not been well characterized and ...

In utero development is a key time for muscle formation, and muscle-related birth defects are sometimes linked to mutations in muscle contractile proteins expressed in utero. Even in heart disease, the development of the ...

Like in other parts of the central nervous system (CNS), information processing in the retina depends upon the exquisite organization of synaptic connectivity amongst diverse neuronal cell types. Assembly of neuronal ...

Mutations and common polymorphisms in Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) are associated with cleft lip/palate (CLP). IRF6 is expressed in the epithelium that mediates the outgrowth and contact of the embryonic tissue ...

The guidance of fully-formed multicellular tubes is critical to the formation of the vertebrate lungs and kidneys. Using the dorsal appendages (DAs) of developing <italic>Drosophila melanogaster</italic> eggs, I attempted ...

The mammalian retina is a heterogeneous mix of neurons and one glial cell type that mediate photo-sensation. The mechanisms of its development and the generation of cell type diversity is an area of on-going investigation. ...

Pigment patterns are one of the most diverse and visually appealing traits of any animal, playing important behavioral and ecological roles in mate choice, shoaling and predator avoidance. In the zebrafish, <italic>Danio ...

The majority of the neurons in the adult Drosophila thoracic nervous system are produced by one unpaired and twenty-four bilaterally paired, segmentally reiterated neuroblasts (NBs). Each neuroblast divides repeatedly, ...

During Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis, subsets of the epithelial cells that surround each developing egg chamber undergo morphogenesis to form epithelial tubes, and the lumens of these tubes serve as molds for the dorsal ...

Dendrites exhibit enormous diversity in form and can differ in size by several orders of magnitude even in a single animal. However, whether neurons with large dendrite arbors have specialized mechanisms to support their ...

Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells are poised to transform heart disease treatment. However, current methods to produce stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes result in a mixture of cardiac phenotypes that ...

The sensory modalities of hearing and balance are mediated by the six sensory organs of the inner ear that are each comprised of the same two main cell types, support cells and mechanosensory hair cells. Loss of the sensory ...

The oculoauricular syndrome (OAS) in humans, the “dumbo” and “misplaced ears” strains in mice, the “dumbo” strain in rats, and the “crop ear” phenotype in cattle, all converge on a single gene - Hmx1. It encodes a homeodomain ...