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According to American Heart Associations heart disease and stroke statistics 53 million people are affected by heart failure each year Cardiovascular disorders such as heart attack ischemichemorrhagic stroke and heart failure are the leading causes of death for both men and women in the US As the elderly population grows in coming decades the prevalence of heart failure is expected to increase substantially AHA 2008 In addition Heo etal stated that The burden of heart failure is especially pronounced in older adults because the prevalence and incidence increase with agep 16 With these growing numbers health care professionals like nurses must understand what heart failure is and how it affects older population By taking the initiative we can improve nursing care of the older heart failure patient s by using a holistic approach that is tailored to the patients individual needs These approaches can prevent many recurrent emergency visits and hospitalizations Congestive Heart Failure is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricles to fill with and eject blood It is characterized by dyspnea and fatigue secondary to these impairments in the heart AHA 2008 It is a progressive disorder and there is no cure only management of the symptoms and the attempt to prevent worsening Touchy Jett 2012 p314For this weeks case study the essence of the discussion is about heart failure in the older patient its pathophysiology management ways of promoting health and nursing intervention I am going to summarize the relevant topics that were discussed last week about this complex clinical syndrome in the older patient and apply the concepts that I have learned from my present and previous coursework In the current scenario Mrs Brunner is an 84 year-old-woman who just had a hip surgery a few days ago and has been complaining for the past two days of shortness of

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