in BOOK OF SHORT ABSTRACTS - POSTER PRESENTATIONS 19TH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2014, February 07)

Thousands of years ago, natural pigments were discovered and they have been used ever since. Indeed, prehistoric people already used them to paint the walls of the caves in which they were living. A ... [more ▼]

Thousands of years ago, natural pigments were discovered and they have been used ever since. Indeed, prehistoric people already used them to paint the walls of the caves in which they were living. A significant example of this is the Cosquer cave (-19,000 to -27,000 years) located near Marseilles. Pigments and dyes can be classified into two broad categories and five families: natural pigments and dyes and those called artificial. The first one of these five families includes the mineral pigments. Among these we can find the clays (yellow ochre, red ochre, green clay, brown clay) and the stones like lapis lazuli (blue). The second and third families gather the organic dyes and pigments. Those that have vegetal origins like indigo (blue) and madder (red) compose the second family and those that have animal origins like cochineal (red) and kermes dyers (carmine) form the third family. One family includes pigments and dyes stemming from chemical reactions such as verdigris or red lead (family 4) and the other one is made of the miscellaneous inks such as iron-gall type who are vegetal and mineral one (family 5). All these pigments, although they have been used for centuries, have been replaced by synthetic dyes from the oil industry at the end of the 19th century. Indeed, they have the advantage of reproducibility of the properties unlike natural pigments. But the scarcity of oil causes a renewed interest in natural preparations. We report the extraction of pigments from plants. [less ▲]

in BOOK OF SHORT ABSTRACTS - POSTER PRESENTATIONS 19TH NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2014, February 07)

Paints, at the coating meaning, are known since a long time. Typically, paint is a dispersion of one or more powders (pigments and fillers) in a macromolecular substance ("resin"), called film-forming ... [more ▼]

Paints, at the coating meaning, are known since a long time. Typically, paint is a dispersion of one or more powders (pigments and fillers) in a macromolecular substance ("resin"), called film-forming material, diluted in solvents. Pigments are solid particles, used to give opacity and/or color. Today almost all pigments have a synthetic origin. The fillers are often natural compounds. Unlike pigments, fillers have low opacity and are colorless. These very cheap products achieve the required solid content under satisfactory economic conditions. Resins used in paints have the property of forming a continuous solid (hard or flexible) film under specific conditions. They are often called “resins”. They can be solid or liquid at room temperature. The solvents are used to control the viscosity of the paint in order to facilitate its production and application. The solvents used are volatile compounds. Additives are minor compounds (a few percent), whose function is to either promote or prevent some developments of the product. For example, surfactants improve the homogeneity of the dispersion. Some additives protect the film against mold or ultraviolet radiation, or against the formation of free radicals under the action of sunlight. Since the end of the 18th century most of those paints are petroleum-based. But the near disappearance of the petroleum causes a renewed interest in bio-based preparations. In this communication, we present an overview of bio-based alternatives. [less ▲]

Paints, at the coating meaning, are known since a long time. Typically, paint is a dispersion of one or more powders (pigments and fillers) in a macromolecular substance ("resin"), called film-forming ... [more ▼]

Paints, at the coating meaning, are known since a long time. Typically, paint is a dispersion of one or more powders (pigments and fillers) in a macromolecular substance ("resin"), called film-forming material, diluted in solvents. [less ▲]

Thousands of years ago, natural pigments were discovered and they have been used ever since. Indeed, prehistoric people already used them to paint the walls of the caves in which they were living. A ... [more ▼]

Thousands of years ago, natural pigments were discovered and they have been used ever since. Indeed, prehistoric people already used them to paint the walls of the caves in which they were living. A significant example of this is the Cosquer cave (-19,000 to -27,000 years) located near Marseilles (France). Pigments and dyes can be classified into two broad categories: natural pigments and dyes and those called artificial. These categories are then subdivided into five families. The first one of these five families includes the mineral pigments. Among these we can find the clays (yellow ochre, red ochre, green clay, brown clay) and the stones like lapis lazuli (blue) and malachite (green). The second and third families gather the organic dyes and pigments. Those that have vegetal origins like indigo (blue), weld (yellow) and madder (red) compose the family 2 and those that have animal origins like cochineal (red) and kermes dyers (carmine) form the family 3. One family includes pigments and dyes stemming from chemical reactions such as verdigris or red lead (family 4) and the other one is made of the miscellaneous inks such as iron-gall type who are vegetal and mineral one (family 5). All these pigments, although they have been used for centuries, have been replaced by synthetic dyes from the oil industry at the end of the 19th century. Indeed, they have the advantage of reproducibility of the properties unlike natural pigments. But the scarcity of oil causes a renewed interest in natural preparations. In such purpose, our laboratory in conjunction with the Abbey of Villers-la-Ville has decided to study natural derivatives for inks and focuses in particular on the extraction of pigments from plants. [less ▲]

Today, personal computers are part of our life either at home, at work or at school. Even if the computer power increases, the software are more and more complicated, asking more and more time for ... [more ▼]

Today, personal computers are part of our life either at home, at work or at school. Even if the computer power increases, the software are more and more complicated, asking more and more time for learning it or for obtaining a result. It becomes important to have in labs as well as at school small fast software using empirical equations. We report here about the use but more particularly the algorithms, the equations and the data sets of three software belonging to the Gabriel package. The first one, Gabriel Nathalie II, is a calculator with many functionality's. It is possible to calculate the pKa or to simulate the chemical shift in 31P NMR of amino-phosphonate. Moreover it is also able to dertimine the thermodynamics data of bisphosphonate binding to human bones. The second one, Gabriel Calculatrice Savon, is used to calculate the amount of alkali needed for making a soap according to the amount and the nature of fat but also the viscosity of some oils at a desired temperature. And at least Gabriel Data Analysis is a software devoted to data analysis. Today, software for research can be used for educational and educational software can be useful for research. [less ▲]

Total proteose-peptone (TPP) fractions were extracted from skimmed milk (UHT) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) on a laboratory scale. Protein solutions (0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 1 % w/w) were characterized as function of pH: 4.0, 4.6–4.7 (native pH), and 7.0. Their foaming capacities and stabilities were studied. Beforehand, the surface properties that govern them were investigated, notably the kinetics of adsorption and mechanical properties of monolayer films at the air–water interface involved in the formation and the stability of foams respectively. The TPP extracted from skimmed milk showed the lowest values as well as a significant reduction in surface tension and presented a good mechanically resistant film. The TPP extracted from WPC presented a better foaming capacity and stability which was unexpected. However, foaming properties and surface properties of TPP fractions depended on the pH. The considerable influence of extraction source and method on proteosepeptone’s properties were highlighted. [less ▲]

The enzymatic synthesis of esters is well documented in the literature. A number of parameters have been revised to optimize the operating conditions, in view of a more industrial approach. The ... [more ▼]

The enzymatic synthesis of esters is well documented in the literature. A number of parameters have been revised to optimize the operating conditions, in view of a more industrial approach. The experimental conditions presented here are now superior to those of literature and the yields of esters show 78% of fructose laurate. Analytical methods have been perfected and rapid methods (based on different TLC conditions depending on the desired information), accurate methods (based on HPLC) and several purification methods were developed. [less ▲]

New synthesis conditions for a direct esterification of fructose by lauric acid with Novozym 435 as a catalyst are reported in this paper. With these new conditions, a conversion rate of 72% was achieved ... [more ▼]

New synthesis conditions for a direct esterification of fructose by lauric acid with Novozym 435 as a catalyst are reported in this paper. With these new conditions, a conversion rate of 72% was achieved, which is almost the same value as in the case of transesterification where no water as by-product is produced (74.6 %). The conversion rate of these reactions can be modeled as a function of the initial water content by a three-parameter power law for the esterification and by an exponential law for the transesterification. The influence of the water content on the mono over di-ester ratio will also be discussed to a lesser extent. [less ▲]

The supplying of vegetable soda was interrupted in 1808 after Napoleon’s army had entered Spain. Therefore, (artificial) soda factories using Nicolas Leblanc’s patent from 1791 opened mainly in Paris ... [more ▼]

The supplying of vegetable soda was interrupted in 1808 after Napoleon’s army had entered Spain. Therefore, (artificial) soda factories using Nicolas Leblanc’s patent from 1791 opened mainly in Paris, Rouen and Marseille between June 1808 and the end of 1810. In Marseille, one of these factories was set up in 1810 in the district called Les Trois Lucs. Thanks to everything that could have been discovered, it was perfectly located, thus allowing the preliminary excavations. [less ▲]

GDA is a software belonging to the Gabriel package and is devoted to data analysis. Year after year some new features have been introduced and the latest introductions are more dedicated to food. GDA is ... [more ▼]

GDA is a software belonging to the Gabriel package and is devoted to data analysis. Year after year some new features have been introduced and the latest introductions are more dedicated to food. GDA is built around modules and we describe here the most widely used in food chemistry. GDA can be obtained free of charge. [less ▲]

New uncharged a-aminophosphonates derived from diethyl(2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) phosphonate were synthesized by nucleophilic addition of dialkylphosphites on 2-methyl-1-pyrroline. These compounds were ... [more ▼]

New uncharged a-aminophosphonates derived from diethyl(2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl) phosphonate were synthesized by nucleophilic addition of dialkylphosphites on 2-methyl-1-pyrroline. These compounds were intended as enhanced 31P-NMR pH probes in biological systems. Compared to standard pH markers such as inorganic phosphate or methylphosphonate, they demonstrated in vitro low acidic pKa values (6.6 < pKa < 7.0), resonance peaks ranging from 21 to 35 ppm, distinct from those of phosphorylated metabolites, and 3e4 times as sensitive (9.2 < Ddab < 9.9 ppm) as usual markers, such as inorganic phosphate or methylphosphonate. The detailed synthetic procedures for three representative new pH probes, which were non-toxic (in the mM range) in rat isolated heart preparations, was reported. In a larger series of 27 structurally related a-aminophosphonates, 1/T1 (31P) values were given in different conditions of milieu, temperature and pH. The data support unique features for these compounds to reveal acidic cellular compartments. [less ▲]