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What is a Node in a Cryptocurrency Network?
A node is, in essence, any computer connected to the blockchain network and using the P2P protocol. Nodes use this protocol to communicate with each other distributing information about transactions and blocks across the network. Strictly speaking, nodes are the key component of the blockchain network.
Nodes may be lightweight and full
A full node is any computer that is fully synced with the blockchain network. Each full node has a copy of all blockchain data — starting from the genesis block and ending with the last generated block — on its hard drive. After each new block is created, information is updated, i. e. it's always up-to-date.
A light node is also fully synced with the network, but it does not store all the information from the blockchain on its hard drive — it only services the network. Most nodes in the network are lightweight; however, full nodes form the backbone of the network.
What are nodes for?
All nodes support network operations: they automatically validate transactions and generate new blocks while protecting the network from fraudulent activities. In many networks, node owners (miners) are rewarded with new coins that are generated with new blocks.

The dollar is used for illicit trade far more often than cryptocurrencies
Governments and central banks of many countries have repeatedly accused bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies of complicity in illicit trade and money laundering. They say that bitcoin is used to finance terrorists, sell weapons and drugs, etc.
We disagree with this view. To justify our position, we would like to cite the recent statement by the US Treasury Department, which personally refuted this torrent of negativity. The agency's representatives directly stated that fiat money, especially the dollar, is used for criminal purposes far more than bitcoin.
Criminals prefer fiat money
So, no matter what people say, officials indicate that criminals prefer dollars. Moreover, most trade happens through banks and various payment services that position themselves as law-abiding businesses.
According to the UN, illicit trade brings criminals an annual income of about $2 trillion. By comparison, cryptocurrency-based revenues from such activities are a drop in the bucket.
This statement by the US Treasury is an excellent response to all cryptocurrency detractors, who occasionally call for banning bitcoin because it is frequently used by criminals for illicit trade. Logically, the dollar should also be banned, since it is used for these purposes much more often. But nobody is demanding this.
This statement can also be regarded as a positive signal for cryptocurrencies' further development and legalization.

What is a “Short” and a “Long”?
The terms “long position (a long)” and “short position (a short)” are key concepts for the stock exchange. Despite what their names suggest, these fundamental trading strategies have no connection with the transaction duration.
Long Position (or Long)
A long (or long position) is the main method of trading wherein a trader expects the asset to rise in value over short or long term. In other words, the trader buys cryptocurrency “in the hope of growth”. This is what “bullish” traders do. Traders who go long on cryptocurrencies virtually shoulder the entire market preventing cryptocurrencies from falling in price too much.
Short Position (or Short)
A trader who “goes short”, i. e. enters into a short position, sells cryptocurrency with the expectation that it will fall in value.
Short positions allow the trader to make profit when cryptocurrencies become cheaper. In this case the trader borrows tokens or buys them on credit. They sell the tokens at the current price during a downturn and buy them back at a lower price in order to cover their debts. Traders who choose this strategy are “bearish”.
Experienced traders can make profit on both long and short positions. However, most of them will only opt for one option rather than use both. Please note that long positions are much more favorable for the growth of the cryptocurrency market.

Jaxx Wallet: What It Is and How It Works
The Jaxx wallet is seen as one of the most popular wallets among cryptocurrency users. This wallet is used for “cold” storage of coins; it has a mobile, web-based and desktop versions (the latter is a portable version you can store on and launch from a USB drive). It has no particularly unique features that would make it stand out among other wallets. Let's have a closer look at it.
Security
Many users think that Jaxx is one of the leading wallets in terms of security. Its set of features allows you to make backups and restore wallets on other devices, use the payment PIN code feature and obtain a private key.
What it can do
- Jaxx is integrated with the ShapeShift cryptocurrency exchange allowing users to exchange coins within the wallet, even though for a fee.
- You can use Jaxx to store BTC and ETH or some new coins growing in popularity. In total, it supports several dozens of coins.
- The wallet can be used with Windows, Linux, OS X, Android and iOS. Additionally, you can set up the Jaxx extension by Google Chrome for your browser. You can also synchronize all wallet types on various devices.
How it works
You're recommended to download the Jaxx installation file via the official web-site jaxx.io. Select the suitable version of the program, download the installation file and install the wallet. In the process, you will be prompted to accept the Terms of Use.
You're recommended to select the coins you're confident you will use — don't overload the wallet.
Naturally, the most important recommendation is making a backup copy and saving the secret phrase which includes 12 words for this wallet.

For certain reasons, some investors prefer to hide large-size orders submitted for trading. These orders are the so-called “hidden orders”.
A hidden order allows the trader not to display the real number of buy / sell transactions for large amounts of cryptocurrency. This order is not displayed in the order book.
Creating a hidden order on Sigen.pro
On the Sigen.pro cryptocurrency exchange, you can create a hidden order whenever you fill up the “Buy” or “Sell” request. You can just tick the relevant checkbox, and the market players will not see your order.
According to research, hidden orders are a manifestation of growing trading activity on the market.
Finding a hidden order
Observant traders may notice the exchange has a hidden order out there. If you can see a certain number of buy or sell requests, but you can actually buy or sell more at the indicated price, it means a hidden order has been activated.
Moreover, the total volume of the order book will be larger than the amount of all visible orders. Finding hidden orders may be useful to amend the forecast for the cryptocurrency exchange.

What is a Softfork for Cryptocurrency?
A softfork aims to improve the existing cryptocurrency network. It happens without users noticing the very moment of interference — they just take its consequences for granted.
Incomplete update
A softfork does not require a major interference with the cryptocurrency's master code, and all changes are backward-compatible. This is the main difference between a softfork and a hardfork, with the latter, roughly speaking, generating a new coin. A softfork happens within the existing network, and its objective is improving network operations without making significant changes.
It's a sort of regular software update we all have to make by uploading updated versions of old software, e. g. word processing or image editing apps. Old versions accumulate too many non-critical mistakes, or users request some improvements to be made. It leads to the need for an update; in case of cryptocurrency — for a softfork.
How it happens
In the Bitcoin network, a softfork happens as follows: the system is “rolled back” in time, and new blocks replace the old blocks while the chain of blocks remains unchanged. New blocks are identical to the old blocks in terms of structure. After the softfork, “old” blocks are validated along with the new blocks. All transactions before and after the softfork remain equivalent in value.
A softfork is usually administered by a team of developers after they discuss the idea with the user community. Since, however, cryptocurrency has an open source code, a useful change may be implemented by any user if they approach the community with an idea and the community approves of it.
The most well-known softfork in the Bitcoin network is SegWit that was successfully implemented without a hardfork.

Important Rules of Cryptotrading: No Greed, No Panic
In one of the previous publications, we already told you about the main rules to be followed by a trader on the cryptocurrency market. Today, we'd like to consolidate this knowledge and tell you about the two key rules to be known by each trader.
Don't fall victim to greed
Don't fall victim to the desire to earn as much and as fast as possible by buying cryptocurrencies with no regard to the price and the trend. Don't expect the price to always soar or slump unless analysis tools unambiguously prove it. If an aspiring trader feels the thrill that cannot be analytically explained, it's time to stop and exit the trade.
Don't surrender to panic
Panic is even more dangerous than greed. It's harder to tackle since usually it attacks you when the price collapses — it seems you could lose all your assets. However, you often need to stop and exit the trade to avoid becoming a part of panic selling.
As regards cryptocurrencies during panic selling events, it's worth remembering that, despite their volatility in the short and medium term, in the long term cryptocurrencies demonstrate a constant growth, and it's best to be able to trade in the current prices rather than surrender to emotion, sell all your assets and quit trading for good.

Ways to store cryptocurrencies
Cryptocurrencies are an excellent way to provide for yourself financially and build an honest financial system. But what's the right way to save them? There are two ways to store cryptocurrency:
- Hot storage. Hot storage means that you put cryptocurrency in special wallets that let you withdraw and use the funds you need at any time. These wallets are continuously connected to the Internet, so you can access them anywhere with Internet coverage. And almost everywhere civilization has reached has Internet coverage. This type of storage is like storing fiat money in an account with a debit card and online banking abilities.
- Cold storage. Cold storage means storing cryptocurrency in wallets that are not connected to the Internet, i.e. offline wallets. The wallet's private key is also stored offline, on a hardware device or paper. Cold storage is generally used for saving cryptocurrency - for large and very large amounts. It can be compared to storing valuables in a safety deposit box.
You choose which storage method to use. But you should know that cold storage is safer: your keys are completely safe, because they are not stored on the Internet. Your coins are not vulnerable to hackers or thieves.
The best option is a combination of hot and cold storage. Use hot storage to store the amount that you want to be constantly available. Use cold storage for large sums, i.e. your savings.
In a subsequent article, we will provide a detailed description of the types of wallets used to store cryptocurrency.

SIGEN Resuming Operation! Lots of Useful Upgrades!
Dear friends! SIGEN platform maintenance has been successfully completed, and you can resume trading. The website was temporarily down due to a large-scale upgrade that will make your user experience on the platform even more secure, convenient and enjoyable.
What's new:
- Platform security features have been upgraded and taken to a new level.
- Protection against DDOS attacks has been stepped up.
- Funds can be withdrawn without password re-entry.
- The header now includes available funds only.
- Messages from the P2P trading chat are now also sent via e-mail.
- The message signing button is now more visible and text-based.
- The exchanger page has been modified — repetitions have been removed, and infographics link has been added.
- Non-key sections have been hidden under an icon.
- The deposit/withdrawal feature has been moved to the “Balance” page.
- Fees have been moved to a separate column.
- Lots of visual changes have been made: design improved, bell icon added to the header, new dashboard icon added, balance data visualization modified, button color changed to blue, QR code on the wallet page is now displayed sideways + lots of other minor changes.
We apologize for the temporary website unavailability, but, as you can see, it was not for nothing. We're happy to do our best for you. We wish successful trading!
Sincerely yours, SIGEN team.

What Are Swing, Flat and Rekt
You should know the trading terms “swing” and “flat” because they are used for important trading situations. You should also know what “rekt” is to avoid it at all times.
Swing
A swing is a short-term change in cryptocurrency price within a narrow price range. Even a trader who hasn't been on the market for a long time can recognize a swing. It looks like leaps that may even seem significant, but they don't mean a trend has set and don't reflect the actual direction of price movement. This is why most traders wait until these leaps stop and a certain trend sets in.
However, some experienced and unscrupulous traders make profit at this point by leaning on the active trading by novice traders who think of any price movement as a trend. Thus, on May 15 the price of Bitcoin was 9,000 in the morning falling to 8,500 a few hours later and climbing back again to about 9,000 in an hour or two.
Each price change could seem like a beginning trend to an inexperienced trader making them buy or sell cryptocurrency. There would always be someone willing to buy assets from them at a low price or sell assets to them at a high price.
Flat
Flat is the sideways price movement within a horizontal price channel. Simply put, it's a situation when price fluctuations are insignificant for a long period of time. The price doesn't rise or fall too much, minimum and maximum values remain at the same level on the chart. In other words, flat is a neutral trend.
Few traders are willing to trade during a sideways trend since the profit generated by price movements is minimal. However, some traders buy near the support line and sell near the resistance line for the entire period of the neutral trend and are able to make a good profit out of it. One should monitor flat closely since a breakout of the technical line will often mean a trend is forming.
Rekt
Rekt (originating from “Wrecked”) is a loss of funds resulting from a highly unprofitable transaction. Unfortunately, no one is immune to this — especially the novice traders. However, even if it happens, don't panic and don't try to make up for it at once — it could aggravate the situation. It's best to exit trading and carefully analyze your actions and causes for loss to avoid the same situation in the future.

Accumulating and Distributing: a Thing or Two About the Accumulation/Distribution Indicator
The Accumulation/Distribution indicator (AD) was first described by L. Williams in 1972 in his book “How I Made One Million Dollars”. Let's talk about it in a little more detail.
AD
Accumulation/Distribution is a volume-based indicator accounting for the general trend, volume of trading as well as the opening/closing prices and low/high prices. On the plus side, this indicator is synced with the price rather than based on calculating an average value. AD is primarily a trend indicator that both adequately determines the price at the observed point in time and is a useful tool for making forecasts. If selected, this indicator is usually displayed below the main chart of security price movement.
Interpreting AD
There's a mathematical formula that helps interpret this indicator. However, most traders confine themselves to the visual observation since the Accumulation/Distribution indicator is sufficiently insightful in itself.
The indicator shows that the nearer the closing price is to the high or low price, the bigger share is obtained by the bulls (traders operating for a rise) or bears (traders operating for a fall).
Accordingly, if the indicator shows the price closing in a downtrend (the indicator value is less than zero), bears are dominating; if the price closes in an uptrend (the indicator value if greater than zero), bulls are dominating. On other words, the market is owned by the former or the latter.
Moreover, if the trend updates the extreme value (maximum or minimum) while AD does not reproduce this update, it may mean the trend is about to reverse.
As we can see, the Accumulation / Distribution indicator may be the key indicator for selecting the trading strategy on the cryptomarket.

Google Authenticator is the most reliable two-factor authentication method
The SIGEN cryptoexchange offers users 3 forms of two-factor authentication: email, Google Authenticator, and a table of printed paper codes.
Google Authenticator (GA) may be called the most reliable of these methods.
Why is Google Authenticator best?
- With email confirmation, users are still vulnerable. For example, if an email account is not protected by a strong password, hackers may access it and thereby be able to break into your SIGEN account. Additionally, many people use the same password on multiple websites. GA confirmation eliminates this problem. Google Authenticator generates a new code every 30 seconds. Moreover, you have the device with the GA program on your person. Hackers don't have enough time to read, calculate, and enter the required code.
- Confirmation using a table of printed paper codes may have risks. For example, you might lose the printed sheet of codes, or a malicious party might discover the codes and exploit them. Once again, GA confirmation eliminates this problem. Of course, a would-be attacker near you could secretly observe the genearted code, but, as we already mentioned above, he or she would not have enough time. Suppose an attacker knows your username and password and has secretly seen your code. He is unlikely to have enough time to get to his device and enter all the required information, because the code he lifted will become invalid after 30 seconds. And he would have to remember the code correctly. Furthermore, it is not so convenient for users to hunt to find the required code on a sheet of paper and constantly safeguard it.
If you lose access to the device with GA and cannot get into your account, know that each account on the platform also has a Security Code that you can use to change the 2FA method, if necessary.

How 13 Turtles Became Millionaires
Richard Dennis and Bill Eckhardt — successful and experienced traders — once made a bet. Eckhardt said only a person with a talent could become a trader. Dennis insisted “traders could be grown just like turtles!” — at the time he was really impressed by his recent tour of a turtle farm. So they decided to set up an unusual experiment…
Selection
Candidates for the experiment were selected through a newspaper publication. They had to... know nothing about exchange trading. Further selection was supposed to filter out extraordinary people and leave behind the most ordinary ones. In other words, those who were prepared to take excessive risks and were not prepared to learn were excluded from the experiment. Thus, the experimental group ended up with 13 persons who were jokingly called the “turtles”. The group also included two real traders to enable measurement of the “turtles”' progress against them.
Training
In the course of two weeks Dennis taught the novices to read charts and develop a trading strategy accounting for risks. The “turtles” didn't read any analytical articles, follow the news or made forecasts. There were no lectures either — there had only been one theoretical training session. For the rest of the time, novice traders guided by Dennis were creating a system of trading which they then followed mechanically. Having mastered the system, they could soon develop strategies and improve the system independently.
Conclusions
Everyone who was trained by Dennis became millionaire traders continuing to trade independently. They all traded in “trends”, i. e. suffered minor losses when the market moved sideways and made a major profit when a stable “bullish” trend was dominating the market.
Anyway, the key conclusion of the experiment was that any reasonable person could become a successful trader. Therefore, dear friends, it's all in your hands!

How Can You See the “Double Bottom” and Use It to “Hit the Skies”?
A lot of trading players look forward to the so-called “double bottom”. The name derives from a very particular charting pattern. Why this name and what's interesting about it?
Chart
The “double bottom” looks like the letter W. This chart pattern is generated when the price hits a low (the “first bottom”), then rebounds and drops again (the “second bottom”) to finally soar.
This movement demonstrates that the market is out of balance, with traders fighting to close transactions during the “first bottom”. When the price starts to rebound, some traders open positions, and the price drops. Traders with a good reaction manage to make quite a profit from the W-shaped pattern. Holders, i. e. traders who hold their assets and do not respond to minor market movements.
The “double bottom” may be forecast even before it starts to form. For example, when a long-term slump in price is interrupted by good news and the price starts to slowly grow.
Using the double bottom
It's important to promptly notice that the “double bottom” is forming: drop – rebound — drop and subsequent price growth. The point is that a part of investors leaves on each curve of this pattern believing that they know how the trend is going to change further. Obviously, they make the same mistake three times before they can see that the price, having gone through the drop – rebound – drop sequence, starts to soar.
In this case, the most patient players are the ones that win. This patience is based on a better knowledge of how to use the tools for price movement analysis and on not jumping to conclusions.

A Common Programmer Becoming Millionaire Thanks to Bitcoin
A person who refuses to his real name and introduces himself as Mr Smith bought bitcoins back in 2010. He spent three thousand dollars to do it when the first-ever cryptocurrency cost next to nothing and very few people realized its huge potential. Mr Smith is now a millionaire.
Early investor
Mr Smith did not invest in Bitcoin soon after learning about it. He was a programmer in a big firm in the Silicon Valley when he heard about Bitcoin from a co-worker. He studied all available information to understand this new technology. When the price rose from $0.008 to $0.08, Mr Smith made a decision to make a move. He bought 20,000 bitcoins at the price of about $0.15 per coin. Mr Smith was confident Bitcoin had a long-term potential and, as is obvious now, it was the right call to make.
Millionaire
Mr Smith sold 2,000 bitcoins when the price reached $350 (i. e. Bitcoin's value rose two thousand times since the purchase) and then another 2,000 bitcoins when the price climbed to $800. Thus, he ended up with $2.3 mln on his account.
The very next day, Mr Smith retired and went on a round-the-world cruise. “I've got everything I've ever dreamed of... I'm now travelling the world and don't have to worry about money for the rest of my life. I'd be a fool not to sell,” says the investor.
Mr Smith only buys first-class airplane tickets, stays in five-star hotels, and may travel to Singapore, New York, Las Vegas, Monaco, Moscow, Zurich and Hong Kong within a month. As Mr Smith says, he has no minute to spare to be bored.
He still owns enough bitcoins to continue with this lifestyle. In total, he's earned $25 mln on bitcoins. This is what it means to accurately appreciate a new project's potential on time.

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