Permanent magnet development has historically been driven by the need to supply larger magnetic energy in ever smaller volumes for incorporation in an enormous variety of applicationsthat include consumer products, transportation components, military hardware, and cleanenergy technologies such as wind turbine generators and hybrid vehicle regenerative motors.Since the 1960s, the so-called rare-earth ‘‘supermagnets,’’ composed of iron, cobalt, and rareearthelements such as Nd, Pr, and Sm, have accounted for the majority of global sales of highenergy–product permanent magnets for advanced app