Basic Chemistry

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Basic Chemistrygives readers the problem-solving tools and techniques they need to be successful in chemistry. The book's unique Guide to Problem-Solving strategy provides a visual, step-by-step plan that helps readers solve a wide variety of chemical problems. Abundant sample problems and practice problems throughout the chapter allow readers to practice and master quantitative skills. With two best-selling books under her belt, Timberlake emphasizes problem solving and engages readers with a clear writing style. Students learn about the importance of chemistry in their future careers through interviews with chemists, engineers, doctors, and others in the chapter openers.Chemistry in Our Lives, Measurements, Atoms and Elements, Modern Atomic Theory and Periodic Properties, Ions and Ionic Compounds, Covalent Compounds, Chemical Quantities, Chemical Reactions, Energy and States of Matter, Gases, Solutions, Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, Oxidation and Reduction Reactions, Nuclear Radiation, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Biological ChemistryFor all readers interested in learning the basics of chemistry.

Chemistry in Our Lives

1

(20)

Chemistry and Chemicals

3

(2)

Some Fundamental Ideas of Chemistry

5

(4)

Scientific Method: Thinking like a Scientist

9

(5)

Chem Note DDT: Good Pesticide, Bad Pesticide

13

(1)

A Study Plan for Learning Chemistry

14

(7)

Chapter Review

17

(1)

Key Terms

17

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

18

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

18

(2)

Answers

20

(1)

Measurements

21

(48)

Units of Measurement

22

(3)

Scientific Notation

25

(4)

Measured Numbers and Significant Figures

29

(3)

Significant Figures in Calculations

32

(4)

SI and Metric Prefixes

36

(4)

Writing Conversion Factors

40

(5)

Problem Solving

45

(8)

Density

53

(5)

Temperature

58

(11)

Chem Note Variation in Body Temperature

62

(1)

Chapter Review

63

(1)

Key Terms

64

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

64

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

65

(1)

Answers

66

(3)

Atoms and Elements

69

(34)

Classification of Matter

70

(4)

Elements and Symbols

74

(3)

Chem Note Toxicity of Mercury

76

(1)

The Periodic Table

77

(7)

Chem Note Elements Essential to Health

83

(1)

The Atom

84

(3)

Atomic Number and Mass Number

87

(4)

Isotopes and Atomic Mass

91

(12)

Chapter Review

95

(1)

Key Terms

95

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

96

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

97

(2)

Answers

99

(4)

Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends

103

(36)

Electromagnetic Radiation

104

(5)

Chem Note Biological Reactions to UV Light

107

(2)

Atomic Spectra and Energy Levels

109

(3)

Energy Levels, Sublevels, and Orbitals

112

(4)

Writing Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations

116

(10)

Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table

Periodic Trends of the Elements

126

(13)

Chapter Review

132

(1)

Key Terms

132

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

133

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

133

(2)

Answers

135

(4)

Ionic Compounds

139

(34)

Valence Electrons and Electron-Dot Symbols

141

(1)

Octet Rule and Ions

142

(6)

Chem Note Some Uses for Note Cases

143

(3)

Chem Note Some Important Ions in the Body

146

(2)

Ionic Compounds

148

(4)

Naming and Writing Ionic Formulas

152

(7)

Polyatomic Ions

159

(14)

Chem Note Polyatomic Ions in Bone and Teeth

162

(5)

Chapter Review

167

(1)

Key Terms

167

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

167

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

168

(1)

Answers

169

(4)

Molecules and Covalent Compounds

173

(36)

Names and Formulas of Covalent Compounds

174

(3)

Covalent Bonds and Electron-Dot Formulas

177

(7)

Multiple Covalent Bonds and Resonance

184

(5)

Shapes of Molecules and Ions (VSEPR Theory)

189

(6)

Chem Note The Chemical Sense of Taste and Smell

194

(1)

Electronegativity and Bond Polarity

195

(5)

Polarity of Molecules

200

(9)

Chapter Review

202

(1)

Key Terms

203

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

203

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

204

(1)

Answers

205

(4)

Chemical Quantities

209

(32)

Atomic Mass and Formula Mass

210

(5)

The Mole

215

(4)

Molar Mass

219

(3)

Calculations Using Molar Mass

222

(4)

Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas

226

(7)

Chem Note Chemistry of Fertilizers

228

(5)

Molecular Formulas

233

(8)

Chapter Review

236

(1)

Key Terms

237

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

237

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

237

(2)

Answers

239

(2)

Chemical Reactions

241

(44)

Chemical Reactions

242

(3)

Chemical Equations

245

(3)

Balancing a Chemical Equation

248

(5)

Types of Reactions

253

(7)

Chem Note Smog and Health Concerns

259

(1)

Mole Relationships in Chemical Equations

260

(6)

Mass Calculations for Reactions

266

(4)

Limiting Reactants

270

(6)

Percent Yield

276

(9)

Chapter Review

279

(1)

Key Terms

279

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

280

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

280

(2)

Answers

282

(3)

Energy and States of Matter

285

(44)

Heat and Energy

286

(4)

Chem Note Global Warming

289

(1)

Units of Energy and Specific Heat

290

(3)

Calculations Using Specific Heat

293

(8)

Chem Note Energy and Nutrition

298

(3)

States of Matter

301

(2)

Attractive Forces Between Particles

303

(3)

Changes of States

306

(12)

Chem Note Steam Burns

311

(7)

Energy in Chemical Reaction

318

(11)

Chem Note Hot Packs and Cold Packs

321

(1)

Chapter Review

322

(1)

Key Terms

323

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

324

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

324

(1)

Answers

325

(4)

Gases

329

(46)

Properties of Gases

330

(4)

Chem Note Measuring Blood Pressure

333

(1)

Gas Pressure

334

(3)

Chem Note Hyperbaric Chambers

336

(1)

Pressure and Volume (Boyle's Law)

337

(4)

Chem Note Pressure-Volume Relationship in Breathing

339

(2)

Temperature and Volume (Charles' Law)

341

(3)

Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac's Law)

344

(3)

The Combined Gas Law

347

(2)

Volume and Moles (Avogadro's Law)

349

(6)

The Ideal Gas Law

355

(4)

Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions

359

(3)

Partial Pressures (Dalton's Law)

362

(13)

Chem Note Blood Gases

365

(3)

Chapter Review

368

(1)

Key Terms

369

(1)

Questions for Teamwork

370

(1)

Additional Questions and Problems

370

(2)

Answers

372

(3)

Solutions

375

(42)

Solutions

376

(4)

Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

380

(9)

Solubility

389

(3)

Chem Note Gout and Kidney Stones: A Problem of Saturation in Body Fluids