1. Afforestation:

2. Reforestation:

Growing the forest again over the lands where they were existing and was destroyed due to fires, overgrazing, and excessive cutting. Reforestation checks water logging, floods, soil erosion and increase productivity of land.

3. Providing surface cover:

The easiest way to protect the land surface from soil erosion is of leave crop residue on the land after harvesting.

4. Mulching:

Here also protective cover of organic matter and plants like stalks, cotton stalks, tobacco stalks etc. are used which reduce evaporation, help in retaining soil moisture and reduce soil erosion.

5. Changing Ground Topography on Downhill’s:

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Running water erodes the hill soil and carries the soil along with it. This can be minimized by following alternation in ground topography:

(a) Strip farming:

Different kinds of crops are planted in alternate strip along the contour.

(b) Terracing:

In this arrangement, the earth is shaped in the form of levelled terraces to hold soil and water. The terrace edges are planted with such plant species which anchor the soil.

(c) Contour ploughing:

In this arrangement, the ploughing of land is done across the hill and not in up and down style.

6. Leaching:

In salt affected land, the salinity can be minimized by leaching them with more water.

7. Changing agricultural practices:

Like mixed cropping, crop rotation and cropping of plants are adopted to improve soil fertility.

8. Ecological Succession:

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This refers to the natural development or redevelopment of an ecosystem which help in reclaiming the minerally deficient soil of wasteland.