A defining function can be used to determine a set whose members are arguments that satisfy . Let denote the set determined by . To say is or is not a member of itself is to use as an argument for , namely , thus violates vicious-circle principle.

Nine-tenths of the activities of a modern Government are harmful; therefore the worse they are performed, the better. In China, where the Government is lazy, corrupt, and stupid, there is a degree of individual liberty which has been wholly lost in the rest of the world. –Bertrand Russell. Problem of China. 1922

Quoter’s note: The most honest government is also the most persecuting, from the Puritans in 1600’s New England to Mao’s regime in the 1960’s. If equality becomes an end, the most likely result will be universal poverty, as is shown by former communist states in their most pious periods.