B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed

B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material

B41J2/01—Ink jet

B41J2/135—Nozzles

B41J2/165—Preventing or detecting of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles

B41J2/16517—Cleaning of print head nozzles

B41J2/16552—Cleaning of print head nozzles using cleaning fluids

B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL

B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING

B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed

B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material

B41J2/01—Ink jet

B41J2/135—Nozzles

B41J2/165—Preventing or detecting of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles

B41J2/16517—Cleaning of print head nozzles

B41J2/1652—Cleaning of print head nozzles by driving a fluid through the nozzles to the outside thereof, e.g. by applying pressure to the inside or vacuum at the outside of the print head

B41J2/16532—Cleaning of print head nozzles by driving a fluid through the nozzles to the outside thereof, e.g. by applying pressure to the inside or vacuum at the outside of the print head by applying vacuum only

B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed

B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material

B41J2/01—Ink jet

B41J2/135—Nozzles

B41J2/165—Preventing or detecting of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles

B41J2/16517—Cleaning of print head nozzles

B41J2/16535—Cleaning of print head nozzles using wiping constructions

B41J2/16538—Cleaning of print head nozzles using wiping constructions with brushes or wiper blades perpendicular to the nozzle plate

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for forming a three-dimensional body as well as an auxiliary system in combination with the device when in use. The device and the method of the invention relate to the relevant equipment used in a 3D printer and 3D printing and maintenance thereof, and provide a maintenance station (16) which comprises a discharging station (22), a cleaning station (29) and a covering station (24). The device is also provided with wipers (544, 81, 86) with a notch (82), lavation liquid (92) that can be sprayed on a nozzle plate, a splash guard (81) and a vacuum source. The invention also provides a method for determining the status of a printing head, such as obtaining the working parameter of the printing head or counting liquid droplets.

[0004] 总体上，3D打印涉及到使用喷墨型打印头，以将液体或胶状粘合剂材料分配到粉末建筑材料层。 [0004] In general, 3D printing, involves the use of an ink jet type printing head to dispense liquid binder material to the powder or gel building material layer.该打印技术涉及通常使用辊子在表面上施加一层粉末建筑材料。 The printing technique usually involves using a roller applying a layer of powder on the surface of the building material.在该建筑材料施加到表面上后，打印头将液体粘合剂施加到该材料层的预定区域。 After the building material applied to the surface, the printing head a liquid adhesive is applied to a predetermined region of the material layer.该粘合剂渗入该材料并与该粉末起反应，例如通过激活粉末中的粘结剂而使得打印区域中的层固化。 The penetration of the adhesive material and reacts with the powder, for example, by activating the adhesive so that the powder layer is solidified in the print zone.该粘合剂同时渗透到下层，形成层间粘合。 The adhesive penetrates into the lower layer while forming interlayer adhesion.在形成第一横截面部分后，重复前一步骤，建造连续的横截面部分，直到形成最后的物体。 After the first cross-sectional portion is formed, repeating the previous step, the construction of a continuous cross-section portion until the final object is formed.例如参见US专利No. 6， 375， 874和6， 416， 850，其公开内容在此全文引入以供参考。 See, e.g., US Patent No. 6, 375, 874 and 6, 416, 850, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0005] 3D打印机通过使用彩色粘合剂材料以使粉末固化而制造彩色部件。 [0005] 3D color printer by using an adhesive material to the powder solidified member manufacturing a color.清色粘合剂被用于制造白色部件表面，改变比例使用三原色以制造一定范围的彩色。 Kiyoiro adhesive member is used to manufacture a white surface, varying the ratio of the three primary colors used to produce a range of color.打印机必须在精确的位置处施加多种颜色的粘合剂液滴以使得部件表面具有精确的彩色。 The printer must be applied adhesive droplets of plural colors at a precise position so that the surface member having accurate color.3D打印机使用单独的打印头以施加每种粘合剂颜色。 3D printer is used to apply a separate printhead for each color of the adhesive.通常，打印头中的非一致性和打印头安装部件中的机械变化产生粘合剂液滴的定位的不精确，必须对此进行辨别和校正。 Typically, mechanical changes of the printhead and the printhead is mounted non-uniformity components result in inaccurate positioning of the adhesive droplets, and this must be corrected discrimination.

[0006] 此外，用于执行3D打印的装置通常产生灰尘，其可不利地影响打印头的运行。 Means [0006] Further, for performing 3D printing typically produce dust, which may adversely affect the operation of the print head.例如，灰尘可堵塞分配粘合剂材料的喷嘴，这可导致没有分配粘合剂材料或者不精确地分配粘合剂材料。 For example, the dust clogged nozzle for dispensing adhesive material, which may result in inaccurate without dispensing adhesive material or adhesive material dispensing.

发明内容 SUMMARY

[0007] 因此，本发明的目的是提供用于连续有效地维修3D打印机的装置和方法。 [0007] Accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for continuously and efficiently repair a 3D printer.

体部件模型、蜂窝电话外壳和鞋等。 Member model, the cellular telephone housing and shoes.此外，本发明涉及用于维护和运行前述装置的系统和方法。 Further, the present invention relates to systems and methods for maintaining and operating the device.

[0009] 更具体地，本发明涉及用于校正多个打印头的装置和方法，以及用于清洗打印头的装置和方法。 [0009] More particularly, the present invention relates to apparatus and a method of correcting the plurality of print head, and an apparatus and method for cleaning a print head.在一个实施例中，校正方法是特别适合于3D打印的确定液滴位置误差的自动方法。 In one embodiment, the correction process is particularly suitable for automated 3D printing method of determining position error of a droplet.在一个实施例中，由待校正的打印头打印测试图案，假定它们被理想地定位。 In one embodiment, the test pattern is printed by the print head to be corrected, assuming that they are positioned over.然后扫描所得到的图案，以确定打印图像与理想图像的偏离。 The resulting pattern is then scanned to determine the deviation from the print image and the ideal image.然后这样获得的信息能够校正所 Then the information thus obtained can be corrected

识别的误差。 Error recognition.本方法与现有技术中的不同之处在于至少使用从扫描校正图案获得的信号的 This method consists in the prior art is different from the signal obtained from using at least the scanning pattern of the correction

[0010] 在一个方面，本发明涉及一种由三维打印机的多个打印头形成测试图案的方法。 [0010] In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method for testing a pattern formed by a plurality of three-dimensional printer print heads.

该方法包括下列步骤：在建筑表面上限定区域以用于容纳测试图案，选择能够以高对比地 The method comprises the steps of: defining a region on the build surface for receiving the test pattern, a high contrast can be selected

打印的参考打印头，由参考打印头打印参考线，和由至少其中一个剩余的打印头邻接该参 Printing the reference print head, printing a reference line from the reference print head, and the adjacent at least one of the parameters of the remaining printheads

考线地打印测试线。 Print test line test line.

[0011] 在多个实施方式中，限定区域的步骤包括在建筑表面上形成增强对比子层。 [0011] In various embodiments, the region comprises the step of defining a contrast-enhancing sublayer is formed on the surface of the building.增强对比子层能够通过使用至少其中一个打印头以单一且高对比颜色打印该区域、并以建筑材料的至少一个未打印层覆盖该打印区域而形成。 Contrast-enhancing sublayer can be printed by using at least one print head in a single color and high contrast in the region, and at least one building material layer overlying the unprinted print area is formed.在一个实施方式中，该区域由所有可用的打印头以最大的排出水平来打印，以使该区域饱和。 In one embodiment, the discharge region with the greatest level of all of the available printed by the print head, so that the saturation region.

[0012] 选择打印头的步骤包括下列步骤：在高对比子层上由每个打印头打印目标，比较这些目标、以辨别相对于未打印区域哪一个目标具有最高的对比，和选定与该最高对比目标相关联的打印头。 [0012] Printhead step comprises the steps of: printing at high contrast by each printhead sub-layer targets, comparing the targets to identify which of a non-printed with respect to the target region has the highest contrast, and the selected the highest contrast target associated with the print head.而且，该方法可包括在每个打印步骤之前在建筑表面上堆积一层建筑材料的步骤。 Further, the method may comprise a step before each printing step in the construction of the building material layer deposited on the surface.该打印步骤可包括在建筑材料上以预定的图案堆积液体粘合剂。 The printing step may include a building material in a predetermined pattern of liquid adhesive deposited.在一个实施方式中，打印头以具有一种颜色的液体粘合剂打印，该颜色从由品红色、黄色、青色、清色和黑色组成的一组中选择。 In one embodiment, the print head having a liquid binder printing in one color, the color is selected from the group consisting of magenta, yellow, cyan, and black color clarification thereof.其它颜色和颜色的组合是预期的并落入本发明的范围。 Other colors and combinations of colors are contemplated and fall within the scope of the invention.[0013] 此外，打印测试线的步骤可包括由至少两个剩余的打印头打印颜色交替的条(bar)。 [0013] Further, the step of printing a test line can include printing by the print heads of at least two alternating colors remaining bar (bar).打印参考线和打印测试线的步骤可包括打印多条参考线和打印对应的多条测试线。 The step of printing a reference line and printing a test line can include printing a plurality of corresponding reference lines and printing a plurality of test lines.在一个实施方式中，参考线和测试线能够在多个行程中打印。 , The reference line and the test line capable of printing in multiple passes in one embodiment.打印多条线的步骤可包括打印多条水平线和多条竖直线。 Step of printing a plurality of print lines may include a plurality of horizontal lines and a plurality of vertical lines.而且打印参考线的步骤可包括打印十条水平参考线和在其附近打印十条竖直参考线，打印测试线的步骤可包括打印十条相应的水平测试线和打印十条相应的竖直测试线。 And the step of printing a reference line can include printing ten horizontal reference line and the step of printing ten vertical reference line in the vicinity thereof, printing a test line can include printing ten corresponding horizontal test lines and printing ten corresponding vertical test line.在一些实施方式中，可打印两条参考线。 In some embodiments, the two reference lines may be printed.在另一些实施方式中，可打印20条参考线。 In other embodiments, the reference lines 20 may be printed.

[0014] 在本方法的具体实施方式中，打印参考线和打印测试线的步骤包括打印多个平行 [0014] In a particular embodiment of the method of the present embodiment, the step of printing a reference line and printing a test line comprises a plurality of parallel printing

于打印头的快轴（fast-axis)行程的名义上相同的线对，每个线对包括一条参考线和一条 In the fast axis (fast-axis) printhead nominally the same line of travel for each line pair comprising one reference line and a

测试线，并打印多个垂直于打印头的快轴行程的名义上相同的线对，每个线对包括一条参 Test line, and a plurality of print nominally perpendicular to the fast-axis printhead travel the same pair, each pair comprising one reference line

考线和一条测试线。 Test line and a test line.在一个实施方式中，每多个线对设置成等间距的线性阵列。 In one embodiment, each of the plurality of line pairs arranged in a linear array of equally spaced.每条测试 Each test

线可包括一系列测试条，其中每个剩余的打印头打印中央测试条，该中央测试条名义上位 Line may include a series of test strips, wherein each of the remaining print heads central test strip, the test strip nominally central location

于与相应的参考线相距的距离等于参考线的名义阵列间距的l/2。 The distance to the reference line corresponding to the nominal distance is equal to the array pitch of the reference line l / 2.在一个实施方式中，每个 In one embodiment, each

剩余的打印头打印多个附加的测试条，这些测试条被设置成绕中央测试条递增。 The remaining print heads a plurality of additional test strips, the test strip is arranged around a central test strip increment.

[0015] 在另一方面，本发明涉及用于校正三维打印机中多个打印头的测试图案。 [0015] In another test pattern, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional printer in correcting a plurality of printheads.该测试 The test

图案包括多条基本上均匀间隔的单色参考线（solidreference line)和与多条参考线以交 A plurality of monochromatic pattern includes a reference line (solidreference line) and a substantially evenly spaced plurality of reference lines cross

替的图案设置的多条测试线，其中每条测试线包括至少一条具有非参考色的条。 A plurality of test lines for a pattern set, wherein each test line including at least one having a non-reference color.在一个实 In one

施方式中，以交替图案打印颜色。 Shi embodiment, the print colors in an alternating pattern.在多个实施方式中，多条线的方向为基本上竖直或者在具 In various embodiments, the plurality of lines is the direction substantially vertical or with

体的实施方式中平行于打印头的快轴行程。 Embodiment body parallel to the fast-axis printhead travel.而且，该测试图案可包括设置成与该第一测试 Further, the test pattern may include the first test provided

图案邻近的第二测试图案。 Pattern adjacent the second test pattern.该第二测试图案包括第二多条基本上均匀间隔的单色参考线和 The second test pattern comprises a second plurality of substantially evenly spaced solid reference lines and

与第二多条参考线以交替的方式设置的第二多条测试线。 A second plurality of test lines and a second plurality of reference lines arranged in an alternating manner.每条测试线包括至少一条非参考色的条，并且第二多条线可以取向为基本上垂直于打印头的快轴行程。 Each test line including at least one non-reference color, and a second plurality of lines may be oriented substantially perpendicular to the fast axis travel of the printheads.

[0016] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种确定用于校正多个打印头的校正系数的方法。 [0016] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for determining the correction coefficient for correcting the plurality of printhead.打印头需要运行一致而形成彩色图像。 Consistent with the print head needs to run to form a color image.由于打印头和安装的变化，需要测量打印头的相对位置， 并且需要对打印头的驱动信号进行校正，以使得不同的颜色以正确的配准而打印。 Since the print head installation and changes necessary to measure the relative position of the print head and the print head driving signal needs to be corrected, so that different color to be the correct print registration.通常，由待校正的打印头打印测试图案，假定它们位于理想位置。 Generally, the test pattern is printed by the print head to be corrected, assuming that they are in the desired position.接着扫描所获得的图像，以确定所打印的图像与理想位置的偏离。 Then the obtained scanned image, to determine a deviation from the ideal position and the image printed.由此获得的信息能够校正所确定的误差。 The information thus obtained can be determined to correct the error.本方法与现有技术的不同在于至少使用从扫描测试图案获得的信号的谐波含量确定未校正。 This method different from the prior art in that at least the harmonic content of the signal obtained from scanning the test pattern is determined uncorrected.扫描仪横穿多条名义上相同的线对，最终得到粉末中打印图像的内在不匀度的平均数。 The scanner traverses a plurality of nominally identical line pairs, averaging out the irregularities inherent in an image printed in powder.不需要成像光学， 因为不涉及边缘检测。 Imaging optics are unnecessary, since no edge detection is involved.

[0017] 特别地，本方法包括下列步骤：在建筑表面打印测试图案，产生代表该测试图案的一组电信号，分析该电信号，以确定处于至少一个频率的其谐波含量，并且根据该电信号的谐波含量确定校正系数。 [0017] Particularly, the method comprising the steps of: printing a test pattern building surface, generating a set of electrical signals representing the test pattern, the electrical signal analysis, to determine its harmonic content in the at least one frequency, and according to which harmonic content of the electrical signal to determine a correction coefficient.该测试图案包括一个线对阵列。 The test pattern comprises a line array.在一个实施方式中，该方法包括产生用于分析的多个电信号以及根据所述多个电信号的谐波含量确定多个校正系数。 In one embodiment, the method includes generating a plurality of electrical signals for analysis and determined according to the harmonic content of the plurality of electrical signals a plurality of correction coefficients.[0018] 在多个实施方式中，本方法包括通过照射测试图案并在预定位置测量该测试图案的反射率而产生电信号。 [0018] In various embodiments, the method comprises measuring the reflectance of the test and to produce an electrical signal pattern by irradiating the test pattern at a predetermined position.在一个实施方式中，分析电信号的步骤包括：对该信号使用模拟滤波器（例如使用运算放大器）。 In one embodiment, the step of analyzing the electrical signal comprises: using an analog filter to the signal (e.g., using an operational amplifier).在另一实施方式中，分析电信号的步骤包括：使该信号数字化，并对该信号使用数字滤波器（例如快速傅立叶变换）。 In another embodiment, the step of analyzing the electrical signal comprises: The signal is digitized, and this signal using a digital filter (e.g., fast Fourier transform).在一个实施方式中，可从一组第三谐波值确定校正系数。 In one embodiment, the correction coefficient may be determined from a set of third harmonic values.在另一实施方式中，可从一组第一谐波值确定校正系数。 In another embodiment, the correction coefficient may be determined from a set of first harmonic values.该校正系数接近标称测试条位移，所选定的谐波的最小值由标称测试条位移确定。 Correction coefficient close to the nominal displacement of the test strip, the minimum value of the selected harmonic of the test strip determined by the nominal displacement.可通过确定与这一组第三谐波值相应的或者代表这一组第三谐波值的分析曲线的最小值而确定该校正系数。 Correction factor may be determined by determining the value of the third harmonic or a group corresponding analytical curve representing the minimum value of the third harmonic of this group.本方法的一个实施方式包括下列步骤：从通过横过阵列扫描的传感器而获得的信号抽取第三谐波值，比较从每种颜色获得的那一组第三谐波值，并且根据最小的第三谐波值确定校正系数。 One embodiment of the method comprises the steps of: extracting from the third harmonic signal value across the sensor array obtained by scanning, that group from the obtained comparative values ​​of each color of the third harmonic, and the minimum of three harmonic values ​​determined correction coefficient.

[0019] 在另一方面，本发明涉及维修三维打印机中的多个打印头。 [0019] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a printhead servicing a plurality of three-dimensional printer.通常，在3D打印过程中产生的部分的质量取决于从打印头的表面上的喷嘴阵列的粘合剂液体的液滴的可靠和精确的分配。 Typically, the quality of the part produced 3D printing process depends on accurate and reliable dispensing of droplets of liquid binder from the upper surface of the nozzle array of the printhead.为了保持高性能标准，在3D打印过程中必须时常地维修打印头。 In order to maintain high performance standards and must be repaired from time to time the printhead in a 3D printing process.粘合剂液体的液滴在粉末层表面上的冲击使得粉末物质从该粉末层的表面射出。 Adhesive liquid droplets impinging on the surface of the powder layer, the powder material emitted from the surface of the powder layer.射出的一些物质在打印头的表面上聚集，干扰粘合剂液体液滴的分配。 Some substances emitted at the surface of the print head aggregate, dispensing binder liquid droplet interference.打印头维修的主要目的是从打印头的表面上去除这些聚集的碎屑。 The main purpose is to remove printhead servicing these accumulated debris from the surface of the printing head.

[0020] 打印头维修的一个方面是维修站，其包括清洁站、排出站和覆盖（c即ping)站。 [0020] An aspect of printhead servicing is a service station, which includes a cleaning station, discharge station and a cover (c i.e. ping) station.在一个实施方式中，打印头可在至少在两个方向上相对于维修站移动的滑架内处理。 In one embodiment, the print head can be processed in at least two directions relative to the movable service station carriage.打印头维修的另一方面是软件算法，其指定每个打印头何时需要维修。 Printhead maintenance of software algorithms on the other hand, when it is specified for each print head needs to be repaired.在一个实施方式中，打印头可在至少在两个方向上相对于维修站移动的滑架内处理。 In one embodiment, the print head can be processed in at least two directions relative to the movable service station carriage.

[0021] 清洁站的多个实施方式包括：至少一个容纳部，其用于容纳打印头；至少一个喷嘴，其用于朝向打印头的打印头表面（或打印表面）喷射清洁流体；和擦拭器，其可紧邻于打印头表面设置，以去除过多的清洁流体，在某些情形下不接触打印头表面。 [0021] The various embodiments of the cleaning station comprising: at least one receiving portion for receiving the print head; at least one nozzle for the printhead face toward the print head (or the printed surface) of the cleaning fluid jet; and the wiper , which may be disposed in close proximity to the printhead face for removing excess cleaning fluid, in some cases without contacting the printhead face.清洁站还可包括防溅罩（splash guard)，用于隔离打印头表面并防止清洁流体流到打印头表面之外。 Cleaning station may also include a splash guard (splash guard), for isolating the printhead face and preventing the cleaning fluid from migrating beyond the printhead face.防溅罩包括打开位置和密封位置，其中防溅罩被偏压打开并且通过与打印头接触而被从打开位置驱动到密封位置。 The splash guard comprises an open position and a sealing position, wherein the splash guard is biased open and is driven from the open position to the sealed position by contact with the print head.防溅罩可包括密封唇，其在密封位置时环绕打印头表面。 The splash guard can include a sealing lip, which surrounds the printhead face when in the sealed position.在一个实施方式中，密封唇大致为矩形形状。 In one embodiment, the sealing lip is generally rectangular in shape.擦拭器可由密封唇的一侧形成，并且可包括凹口部分， 其构造成并设置成与打印头表面上的喷嘴阵列的位置相对应，以防止该擦拭器接触喷嘴阵列。 The wiper lip is formed by one side of the seal, and may include a notched portion configured and arranged to position the nozzle array on the printhead face corresponds to prevent the wiper from contacting the jet nozzle array.该擦拭器能够相对于打印头运动。 The wiper is capable of movement relative to the print head.

[0022] 而且，清洁站可包括流体源，用于在压力下将清洁流体提供到至少一个喷嘴。 [0022] Further, the cleaning station can include a fluid source, for providing cleaning fluid to the at least one nozzle under pressure.清洁流体可通过歧管提供到至少一个喷嘴。 The cleaning fluid may be supplied to the at least one nozzle through the manifold.在一个实施方式中，该至少一个喷嘴包括一个喷嘴阵列。 In one embodiment, the at least one nozzle comprises a nozzle array.该至少一个喷嘴可设置成横过该打印头表面喷射清洁流体。 The at least one nozzle may be arranged to traverse the cleaning fluid ejecting printhead face.在一个实施方式中，打印头可设置在滑架内，该滑架能够相对于维修站在两个方向上运动。 In one embodiment, the print head may be provided within the carriage, the carriage can be moved with respect to two directions on the service station.

[0023] 排出站的多个实施方式包括容纳部，其限定一个开口，该开口大致对应于打印头的打印头表面。 [0023] The plurality of discharge stations embodiments include receiving portion defining an opening, the opening corresponding substantially to the printhead face of the printhead.在一个实施方式中，该容纳部限定多个相应的开口。 In one embodiment, the receiving portion defining a plurality of respective openings.该容纳部可包括托盘， 用于得到和/或引导排出的流体。 The receiving portion may include a tray for obtaining and / or guide fluid discharged.在一个实施方式中，从打印头排出的流体被引导到废液的贮液池。 In one embodiment, the fluid is discharged from the printhead is directed into the pool of waste liquid.

[0024] 覆盖站的多个实施方式包括打印头盖支架和设置在该支架上用于密封打印头的打印头表面的至少一个打印头盖。 [0024] more embodiments of coverage station comprises at least one printhead cap and the printhead cap carrier is provided for sealing printhead face of the printhead on the carrier.通过打印头接触支架，使得该盖在离开位置和覆盖位置之间移动。 Contact holder by the print head, such that the lid and the cover between a position away from the position.覆盖站可包括多个设置在该支架上的盖。 Station may comprise a plurality of covering cap provided on the holder.在一个实施方式中，支架被偏压成将至少一个盖保持在离开位置。 In one embodiment, the stent is biased to hold the cover at least one exit location.该排出站和该覆盖站可以是一组合站。 The station and the discharge station may be a combination of coverage station.在此实施方式中，从打印头的排出能够限制在由打印头表面、打印头盖和废液的贮液池所限定的腔体中。 In this embodiment, the discharge from the print head can be limited by the printhead face, and the print head cover pool of waste liquid as defined cavity.[0025] 在另一方面，本发明涉及用于清洁打印头的装置。 [0025] In another aspect, the present invention relates to apparatus for cleaning the printhead.该装置包括：至少一个喷嘴，其用于朝向打印头的打印头表面喷射清洁流体；和擦拭器，其可设置为紧邻打印头表面，用于从打印头表面去除过多的清洁流体。 The apparatus comprising: at least one nozzle, the printhead face toward the print head for ejecting cleaning fluid; and a wiper, which may be disposed in close proximity to the printhead face for removing excess cleaning fluid from the print head surface.

[0026] 在一个实施方式中，该装置包括防溅罩，该防溅罩用于隔离打印头表面，并防止清洁流体流到打印头表面之外。 [0026] In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a splash guard, the splash guard for isolating the printhead face and preventing cleaning fluid from migrating beyond the printhead face.防溅罩可包括打开位置和密封位置，其中防溅罩通过与打印头接触而被从打开位置驱动到密封位置。 The splash guard can include a sealing position and an open position, wherein the splash guard is driven from the open position to the sealed position by contact with the print head.此外，防溅罩可包括密封唇，该密封唇在密封位置环绕打印头表面。 Further, the splash guard can include a sealing lip, the sealing lip surrounds the printhead face in the sealed position.密封唇大致为矩形形状。 The sealing lip is generally rectangular in shape.在一个实施方式中，擦拭器由密封唇的一侧形成。 In one embodiment, the wiper is formed by the side of the sealing lip.该擦拭器可包括凹口部分，其构造成并设置成与打印头表面上的喷嘴阵列的位置相对应，以防止该擦拭器接触喷嘴阵列。 The wiper may include a notched portion configured and arranged position of the nozzle array on the printhead face corresponds to prevent the wiper from contacting the jet nozzle array.该擦拭器可相对于打印头运动。 The wiper movable relative to the print head movement.此外，该装置可包括流体源，该流体源用于在压力下将清洁流体提供到至少一个喷嘴。 In addition, the apparatus may include a fluid source, the fluid source for providing cleaning fluid to the at least one nozzle under pressure.该至少一个喷嘴可以是一个喷嘴阵列，并且可设置成横过整个打印头表面喷射清洁流体。 The at least one nozzle may be a nozzle array, and may be arranged across the entire surface of the printing head ejecting the cleaning fluid.

[0027] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种清洁打印头的方法。 [0027] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of cleaning the print head.该方法包括下列步骤：相对于至少一个喷嘴定位打印头的打印头表面，操作该至少一个喷嘴以朝向该打印头表面喷射清洁流体，并且形成擦拭器和该打印头之间相对运动，以使该擦拭器经过该打印头表面的附近， 以去除过多的清洁流体。 The method comprises the steps of: at least one nozzle positioned with respect to the printhead face of the printhead, the operation of the at least one nozzle towards the cleaning fluid ejecting printhead face, and is formed relative movement between the wiper and the print head, so that the wiper passes near the printhead surface to remove excess cleaning fluid.该擦拭器可包括凹口部分，其构造并设置在该擦拭器上，以与打印头表面上的喷嘴阵列相对应，以防止该擦拭器接触喷嘴阵列。 The wiper may include a notched portion configured and arranged on the wiper to the nozzle array on the printhead face corresponds to prevent the wiper from contacting the jet nozzle array.

[0028] 在多个实施方式中，定位该打印头表面的步骤包括密封该打印头表面，以防止清洁流体流到该打印头表面之外。 Step [0028] In various embodiments, the positioning of the print head includes a seal surface of the printhead face to prevent the cleaning fluid from migrating beyond the printhead face.该操作步骤包括横过该打印头表面喷射清洁流体。 This procedure includes the printhead face across the cleaning fluid ejection.此外， 打印头可操作成排出在清洁期间由打印头吸入的任何清洁流体。 Furthermore, any printing head is operable to discharge the cleaning fluid during cleaning by suction printhead.在一个实施方式中，该至少一个喷嘴包括一个喷嘴阵列。 In one embodiment, the at least one nozzle comprises a nozzle array.

[0029] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于清洁在三维打印机中使用的打印头的装置。 [0029] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for cleaning a printhead used in a three-dimensional printer apparatus.该装置包括：密封盖，其限定腔体并能够与打印头的打印头表面接合；清洁流体源，其与该盖连通，用于清洁打印头表面；和真空源，其与该盖连通，用于去除用过的清洁流体和碎屑。 The apparatus comprising: a sealing cap defining a cavity and engageable with the printhead face of the printhead; cleaning fluid source in communication with the cap for cleaning the printhead face; and a vacuum source, which communicates with the lid, with to remove spent cleaning fluid and debris.操作时，该真空源在该腔体内形成负压，该负压防止清洁流体进入喷嘴，将清洁流体从清洁流体源吸到该腔体中，和/或从喷嘴吸入粘合剂流体和碎屑中的至少一个。 In operation, the vacuum source is formed within the cavity of negative pressure, this negative pressure prevents the cleaning fluid entering the nozzle, the cleaning fluid sucked into the cavity from the cleaning fluid source, and / or a binder fluid and debris from the suction nozzle at least one of.该装置可还包括设置成靠近该盖的擦拭器，该擦拭器设置成在该打印头与该盖脱离时接合到该打印头表面。 The apparatus may further include a wiper disposed near the cap, the wiper is arranged to engage the printhead face of the printhead when the cap off.

[0030] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于清洁在三维打印机中使用的打印头的方法。 [0030] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for cleaning a printhead used in a method for three-dimensional printer.该方法包括下列步骤：使打印头的打印头表面与限定一腔体的密封盖接合；在该腔体中形成真空；和将清洁流体引导到该腔体中，并接触打印头表面。 The method comprises the steps of: printing head surface of the printing head and the sealing cover defines a cavity engaged; a vacuum in the cavity; and a cleaning fluid into the cavity, and contacting the printhead face.该方法可还包括从该腔体中去除清洁流体的步骤。 The method may further comprise the step of removing the cleaning fluid from the cavity.在一个实施方式中，该方法包括使得该盖从打印头表面脱离的步骤和由擦拭器擦拭该打印头表面的步骤。 In one embodiment, the method comprises the step of detachment of the lid from the printhead face of the printhead face and the step of wiping by the wiper.形成真空的步骤在该腔体内形成负压，该负压将清洁流体吸入到该腔体中，防止清洁流体进入喷嘴和/或从该喷嘴吸入粘合剂流体和碎屑中的至少一个。 The step of creating a vacuum in the cavity formed in the underpressure which the cleaning fluid into the cavity to prevent fluid from entering the cleaning nozzles and / or suction in a binder fluid and debris from the at least one nozzle.

[0031] 在另一实施方式中，本发明可包括用于清洁该打印头装置的可选的方法和装置。 [0031] In another embodiment, the present invention may include a method for cleaning the printing apparatus and an optional head device.清洁打印头的方法可包括由包括清洁流体的辊子擦拭该打印头，拖动振动构件穿过该打印头，通过吸液芯（wick)和/或其组合体通过毛细作用而横过打印头抽吸清洁流体。 The method may include cleaning the printhead of the print head by the wiper cleaning fluid comprises a roller dragging the vibrating member through the print head, through the wick (Wick), and / or combinations thereof by capillary action drawn across the printhead suction cleaning fluid.此外， 该方法可选地可包括向打印头施加负压以去除碎屑的步骤。 Further, the method may optionally include applying a negative pressure to the print head to the step of removing debris.用于清洁在三维打印机中使用的打印头的该装置可包括吸液芯，该吸液芯设置成与该打印头相邻，用于横过打印头抽吸清洁流体。 The print head cleaning apparatus for use in a three-dimensional printer may include a liquid-absorbent core, the liquid-absorbent core disposed adjacent to the print head for a suction cleaning fluid across the printhead.

[0032] 在另一方面，本发明涉及用于清洁在三维打印机中使用的打印头的装置。 [0032] In another aspect, the present invention relates to apparatus for cleaning a printhead used in a three-dimensional printer in.打印头内部的压力通常低于大气压力。 The pressure inside the printhead typically below atmospheric pressure.该负压由形成于该打印头喷嘴的出口上的弯液的表面张力平衡。 This negative pressure is formed on the print head nozzle outlet surface tension of the meniscus of the balance.理想的是由清洁的清洗溶液将聚集的粉末从打印头的表面上冲掉，而不会使得该弯液被破坏时将该溶液抽吸到打印头中。 Desirable to wash away the cleaning solution by the cleaning of the accumulated powder from the upper surface of the print head, and not such that the meniscus is broken and the solution drawn into the print head.该目的在该装置中通过在打印头外侧保持一环境而实现，其中压力低于打印头内的压力。 This object is achieved by the device in the environment outside of a head holder, wherein a pressure lower than the pressure in the print head.此外，所引起的压力差使得粘合剂通过喷嘴从该头部流出，冲掉可能堵塞在喷嘴通道中的任何粉末。 Furthermore, the pressure difference caused by any of the powder so that the adhesive flows out from the nozzle of the head, may be washed away clogging of the nozzle channel.该装置包括基部、设置在该基部内的凸轮轨道、适于在该凸轮轨道内滑动地接合的盖支架和限定一腔体并设置在该支架上的密封盖。 The apparatus includes a base, a cam track disposed within the base, the sealing cap is adapted to cover the stent and define a cavity in the cam track and slidably engaged is provided on the holder.该盖可由该支架运送而与该打印头的表面接合。 The cover may be of the stent delivery engagement with the surface of the print head.在多个实施方式中，该装置包括：清洁流体源，其与该盖连通，用于清洁该打印头表面；和真空源，其与该盖连通，用于去除用过的清洗流体和碎屑。 In various embodiments, the apparatus comprising: a cleaning fluid source in communication with the cap for cleaning the printhead face; and a vacuum source in communication with the cap for removing used cleaning fluid and debris .

[0033] 在另一实施方式中，该装置可还包括：弹簧，其连接到该支架；和基部，其将该支架偏压到容纳位置，用于容纳该打印头。 [0033] In another embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise: a spring, which is connected to the support; and a base, which biases the bracket to the receiving position for receiving the printhead.在一个实施方式中，该支架包括设置在该支架远端的止挡件，用于在打印头进入到该装置时，接合该打印头。 In one embodiment, the stent comprising a stopper provided at a distal end of the holder for the print head into the apparatus, engaging the print head.该打印头在接合到该止挡件之后，沿着该凸轮轨道向后滑动该支架，直到该打印头表面和该盖可密封地接合。 The print head after engagement of the stop member to slide rearwardly along the cam track of the stent, until the printhead face and the lid can be sealingly engaged.在另一实施方式中，该装置包括连接到该基部的闩锁棘爪（latchpawl)，用于与该支架接合，以防止该支架和设置在该支架近端上的擦拭器向前运动，该擦拭器被设置成在该打印头退出该装置时接合到该打印头表面。 In another embodiment, the apparatus comprises a base portion connected to the latch pawl (latchpawl), for engagement with the stent, and the stent to prevent the stent disposed on the proximal end of the forward movement of the wiper, the the wiper is arranged to engage the printhead face of the printhead when the exit the device.

[0034] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于清洁在3D打印机中使用的打印头的方法。 [0034] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of cleaning a printhead used in a 3D printer for.该方法包括将该打印头容纳在一装置内的步骤，该装置包括基部、设置在该基部内的凸轮轨道、 与该凸轮轨道可滑动地接合的盖支架和限定一腔体并设置在该支架上的密封盖。 The method comprises the step of receiving a head of the printing apparatus, the apparatus comprising a base, a cam track disposed within the base portion slidably engaged with the cover bracket and cam track defining a cavity provided in the holder and sealing cap on.额外的步骤包括使打印头的表面与盖接合、在腔体内抽出真空和将清洁流体引入到该腔体中并接触打印头表面。 Additional steps include engaging the surface of the cover of the print head, the vacuum in the extraction chamber and the cleaning fluid is introduced into the cavity and in contact with the printhead face.在一个实施方式中，该方法包括从该腔体去除清洁流体的步骤。 In one embodiment, the method includes the step of removing the cleaning fluid from the chamber.该方法可还包括在打印头从该装置退出时使该盖从打印表面脱离以及由擦拭器擦拭打印表面。 The method may further comprise making the lid from the print surface and wiped off by the wipers printing surface when the print head to exit from the apparatus.

[0035] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于清洁或检修打印头的装置。 [0035] In another aspect, the present invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning or reconditioning a printhead.该装置包括用于朝 The apparatus includes means for toward

向打印头的表面喷射洗涤溶液的喷嘴阵列和设置在打印头表面附近用于从打印头表面去 Spray washing solution to the surface of the printhead nozzle array and disposed in the vicinity of the surface of the printhead to the printhead face for

[0036] 在多个实施方式中，该喷嘴阵列包括一个或多个单独的喷嘴，该毛细吸收构件和打印头能够相对运动。 [0036] In various embodiments, the nozzle array comprising one or more individual nozzles, and the wicking member capable of relative movement of the print head.流体源也可包括在该装置中，用于在压力下将洗涤溶液提供到该喷嘴阵列。 Fluid source may also be included in the apparatus for washing solution under pressure is supplied to the nozzle array.在另一实施方式中，毛细吸收构件包括可渗透材料和不可渗透材料中的至少一种。 In another embodiment, the wicking member includes at least one permeable material and an impermeable material.[0037] 该喷嘴阵列可设置成相对于该打印头表面以一定的角度喷射洗涤溶液。 [0037] The nozzle array may be arranged with respect to the printhead face at an angle to spray the washing solution.在另一实施方式中，毛细吸收构件设置成靠近打印头表面，而不接触设置在打印头表面上的打印喷嘴。 In another embodiment, the wicking member disposed close to the print head surface, without contacting the print nozzles provided on the printhead surface.毛细吸收构件和打印喷嘴之间的间距可自动地保持。 The spacing between the wicking member and the printing nozzles can be automatically maintained.在一个实施方式中，通过使该毛细吸收构件的一部分在从打印喷嘴取下的位置处支承在打印头表面上而保持该间距。 In one embodiment, the wicking member by the support portion at a position removed print nozzles on the printhead face while maintaining the spacing.该装置可还包括用于收集洗涤溶液和碎屑的盆。 The apparatus may further comprise a basin for collecting washing solution and debris.

[0038] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于清洁或检修打印头的方法。 [0038] A method for cleaning or reconditioning a printhead In another aspect, the present invention relates.该方法包括下列步骤：相对于至少一个喷嘴定位打印头的表面，和操作该至少一个喷嘴朝向该打印头表面喷射洗涤溶液。 The method comprises the steps of: positioning relative to the at least one nozzle face of the printhead, and the operation of the at least one nozzle towards the surface of the print head jet wash solution.然后，通过使得毛细吸收构件经过打印头表面附近而不接触该打印头表面，以从该打印头表面去除过多的洗涤溶液。 Then, by such wicking member passes near the printhead face without contacting the printhead face, to remove excess washing solution from the printhead face.

[0039] 在一个实施方式中，操作该至少一个喷嘴的步骤包括相对于该打印头表面以一定的角度喷射洗涤溶液。 [0039] In one embodiment, the operating step comprises at least one nozzle with respect to the printhead face at an angle to spray the washing solution.在另一实施方式中，该方法可包括操作打印头以排出在清洁期间由打印头吸入的洗涤溶液。 In another embodiment, the method may include operating the print head to discharge the washing solution by suction during cleaning the printhead.该方法可包括例如通过使该毛细吸收构件的一部分在从打印喷嘴取下的位置处支承在打印头表面上自动地保持毛细吸收构件和位于打印头表面上的打印喷嘴之间的间距。 The method may comprise, for example, by making a portion of the wicking member is automatically held in the support member and the wicking spacing between the print nozzles located on the printhead face on the printhead face from the position of the print nozzles removed.

[0040] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种确定何时打印头需要维修的方法。 [0040] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for determining when the printhead needs servicing.需要进行维修以保持足够的打印头性能。 Servicing is required to maintain adequate printhead performance.然而维修是费时的工作，而且维修过程的一些方面对打印头有损害。 However, maintenance is time-consuming work, and some aspects of the repair process of the print head damage.从而希望按计划维修打印头，以平衡该过程的正面和负面影响。 In the hope that scheduled maintenance print head, in order to balance the positive and negative impacts of the process.

[0041] 识别打印头需要维修的一种方法是从正在进行的打印操作可获得的信息间接地推断打印头的状态。 A method for [0041] identifying printhead needs servicing is inferred indirectly available information from the printhead printing operation in progress state.例如通常以基于上次维修后所经历的时间、上次维修后分配的液滴数量和上次维修后打印的层的数目间隔地执行打印头维修。 For example typically the last service time based on experience, the number of the last number of droplets dispensed since last repair and maintenance of the printing layer to perform printhead maintenance interval.当这些指标中的一个或另一个达到预定触发值时进行打印头的维修。 Maintenance of the print head when one or another of these indicators reaches a predetermined trigger value.可选地，维修触发变量可限定为两个或多个指标的权重函数。 Alternatively, maintenance of the trigger variable may be defined as two or more indicators of the weighting function.在一个实施方式中，用于一个或多个指标的触发值被调整为与正在使用的粉末和粘合剂液体材料的特性相匹配。 In one embodiment, the values ​​for the one or more trigger metrics is adjusted to the powder used and the adhesive properties are matched to the liquid material.特定的系数和相应的触发值可选择为适应具体的应用、环境和/或打印头。 Specific coefficients and corresponding trigger value may be selected to suit a particular application, environment, and / or printhead.

[0042] 特别理想的是识别正在打印的图像特性，其能够定量地表示出打印头维修的需要。 [0042] It is particularly desirable to identify characteristics of an image being printed, which can be quantitatively expressed printhead servicing needs.这样一个系数基于在下面的前面层被打印时打印的液滴在粉末层上的冲击喷射出更少的碎屑的观察。 Such a factor was observed in the printed drops below the front layer is an impact on the powder layer printed ejected less based debris.打印在前面的层上的粘合剂容易使得粉末粘合在新的层中，使得喷射出更少的碎屑，并且相应地更少的碎屑聚集在打印头表面上。 Printed on the front of the powder readily adhesive layer adhered to the new layer, so that less debris ejected, and correspondingly less debris accumulated on the printhead face.因此，在一个实施方式中，当打印在之前未打印粉末上的液滴的数目达到了预定触发值时，执行打印头维修。 Thus, in one embodiment, when the number printed on the unprinted powder before the droplet reaches a predetermined trigger value, the printhead maintenance.可选地，基于上次维修后分配的液滴数量的维修间隔可改进以考虑在之前未打印粉末上打印的液滴的比例。 Alternatively, based on the assignment of the number of droplets of the last service maintenance interval ratio can be improved to take into account printed on the powder before the unprinted drops.在另一实施方式中，若其下方或其附近的任意像素未打印时，下面的层被认为是待打印的。 In another embodiment, if an arbitrary pixel below or near the non-printed, the underlying layer is considered to be printed.[0043] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于确定在三维打印机中使用的打印头的状况的方法。 [0043] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a printhead used for determining the three-dimensional printer status method.该方法包括下列步骤：获得用于打印头的至少一个运行参数的数据值，并将该数据值与阈值相比较，该数据值与该阈值的关系表示了打印头的状态。 The method comprises the steps of: obtaining data values ​​for the at least one operating parameter of the print head, and the data value is compared with a threshold value, the data value indicates a state in which the relationship between the print head and the threshold.在一个实施方式中，该方法包括如果该数据值超过该阈值则启动打印头上的维修程序的步骤。 In one embodiment, the method includes if the data value exceeds the threshold value in step maintenance procedures print head is started.运行参数可从由下列构成的一组中选择：所经历的时间、打印头所分配的液滴的数量、所打印的层的数量、在之前已打印粉末上分配的液滴、在之前未打印粉末上分配的液滴及其组合形式。 From the group consisting of the following operating parameters can be selected from the group consisting of a: elapsed time, the number of layers of the print head the number of droplets dispensed, the printed droplets dispensed onto the powder has been printed before, prior unprinted dispensing droplets of the powder, and combinations thereof.此外，该数据值可在得到期间被补偿以考虑三维打印机的运行环境因素，例如温度、湿度、粘合剂材料和/或建筑材料。 In addition, the data value may be compensated to account for the operating environment factors obtained during the three-dimensional printer, such as temperature, humidity, adhesive material and / or construction material.

[0044] 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于确定在三维打印机中使用的打印头的状况的方法。 [0044] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a printhead used for determining the three-dimensional printer status method.该方法包括对由打印头分配的液滴计数和确定在之前未打印像素上分配的液滴的百分比的步骤。 The method comprises the step of determining the percentage distribution of droplet count and unprinted pixels in the previous droplet dispensed by the print head.该方法可包括如果该百分比超过阈值则启动打印头上的维修程序的步骤。 The method may include, if the percentage exceeds the threshold value in step maintenance procedures of the print head is started.[0045] 通过参照下面的说明、附图以及权利要求，这里所公开的本发明的这些和其他目的以及优点和特性将变得更为明显。 [0045] by reference to the following description, drawings and claims, these and other objects and advantages and features of the invention disclosed herein will become more apparent.此外，需要理解的是，这里所描述的多个实施方式的特性不是彼此唯一的，其可在多个组合形式和变化形式中存在。 Further, it is understood that the characteristics of the plurality of embodiments described herein are not unique, which may be present in multiple combinations and variations with each other.

附图说明 BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0046] 在图中，类似的附图标记通常在不同视图中表示相同的部件。 [0046], like reference numerals generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views in the figures.此外，附图不需要成比例，重要的是总体上设置为解释本发明的原理。 Further, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, is important to explain the general principles of the invention.在下面的说明中，参照下列附图描述本发明的多个实施方式，其中： In the following description, with reference to the following description of the drawings a plurality of embodiments of the present invention, wherein:

[0047] 图1是根据本发明一个实施方式的三维打印机的示意性立体图； [0047] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional printer in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] 图2是根据本发明一个实施方式的打印头滑架的示意性立体图； [0048] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a printing head carriage according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] 图3A和3B分别是根据本发明一个实施方式的维修站的示意性立体图和示意性平 [0049] FIGS 3A and a schematic perspective view of the service station according to the present invention 3B are embodiments of a schematic plan and

面图； FIG surface;

[0050] 图4是根据本发明一个实施方式在执行排出功能期间在滑架和维修站相互作用的示意图； [0050] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of embodiment in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention during the execution of the function of discharging the carriage and maintenance station interaction;

[0051] 图5A-5D是根据本发明一个实施方式的打印头覆盖操作的一个实施方式的示意图； [0051] FIGS. 5A-5D is a schematic view of one embodiment of operation of the cover according to one embodiment of the printhead of the present invention;

[0052] 图6A-6D是根据本发明可选实施方式的打印头排出和覆盖操作的示意图； [0052] Figures 6A-6D are alternative embodiments of the printhead and discharging operations cover a schematic view of the invention;

[0053] 图7A-7D是根据本发明一个实施方式的打印头清洁站的示意图； [0053] Figures 7A-7D are schematic printhead cleaning station in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] 图8A-8H是根据本发明的打印头清洁站的可选实施方式的示意图； [0054] FIGS. 8A-8H is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of a printhead cleaning station of the present invention;

[0055] 图9A和9B是根据本发明的打印头清洁站的另一可选实施方式的示意图； [0055] FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic diagrams of another alternative embodiment of a printhead cleaning station according to the present invention;

[0056] 图10A-10D是根据本发明的打印头清洁站的另一可选实施方式的示意图； [0056] 10A-10D is another alternative embodiment of a printhead cleaning station is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0057] 图11A-11J是根据本发明用于清洁打印头的装置和方法的一个实施方式的示意 [0057] FIGS. 11A-11J is a schematic of one embodiment of apparatus and a method for cleaning the printhead of the present invention

图； Figure;

[0058] 图12是图11A-11J中示出的根据本发明实施方式的清洁打印头的方法的步骤的示意图； [0058] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention, cleaning of the printhead of FIG. 11A-11J shown;

[0059] 图13是根据本发明一个实施方式的打印操作的示意性立体图； [0060] 图14A和14B是液体粘合剂的液滴在建筑物表面上冲击的示意图； [0061] 图15是根据本发明一个实施方式的打印头校正过程的示意性立体图；[0062] 图16A和16B是根据本发明一个实施方式的对比测试目标和测试花纹校正方法的示意图； [0059] FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a printing operation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; [0060] FIGS. 14A and 14B are a schematic view of the impact of droplets of the liquid binder on the surface of a building; [0061] FIG 15 is a schematic perspective view of a printing-head correction process according to the embodiment of the present invention; [0062] FIGS. 16A and 16B are schematic comparison test pattern and test target correction method according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] 图17A-17D是根据本发明一个实施方式的校正传感器系统及相关电子器件的示意图； [0063] FIGS. 17A-17D are schematic alignment sensor system and related electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] 图18是根据本发明一个实施方式的用于校正彩色打印头的方法中一个步骤的示意图； [0064] FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a step of a method of correcting the color printing head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] 图19A和19B是根据本发明一个实施方式的测试图案的详细示意图； [0065] FIGS. 19A and 19B are detailed schematic diagram of a test pattern according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] 图21A和21B是根据本发明一个实施方式的竖直校正过程的详细的示意图。 [0067] FIGS. 21A and 21B are detailed schematic diagram of the vertical correction procedure according to one embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式 detailed description

[0068] 下面描述本发明的实施方式。 [0068] Embodiments of the invention will be described below.然而，需要明确指出的是，本发明不限制于这些实施方式，而是还包括对于本领域技术人员显而易见的变化形式、改进形式及等同形式。 However, it is clear that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but further comprising apparent to the skilled person to variations, modifications and equivalents.[0069] 总体上简单地看，图1是根据本发明一个实施方式用于形成物体的3D打印机10 的示意图。 [0069] In general simply look, FIG. 1 is a diagram of the object 10 for forming a 3D printer, according to one embodiment of the present invention.打印机10通过在建筑物表面165或在容器中布置交替的建筑材料层和粘合剂液体层而形成三维物体，以打印多层而最终形成三维物体。 The printer 10 is formed by the three-dimensional object or a building surface 165 is disposed in the container supplies alternating liquid layer and the adhesive layer, and eventually formed multilayer to print three-dimensional object.在一些实施方式中，建筑材料可 In some embodiments, the building material may be

包括粉末，并且粘合剂液体可结合到建筑物材料中。 Including powders and liquid binder may be incorporated into the building material.在一些实施方式中，打印机io可用于形成用于检查或外观审查的物理原型。 In some embodiments, the printer can be used io form the appearance of physical prototypes for checking or review.在其它实施方式中，打印机io可用于形成用于铸造 In other embodiments, the printer may be used to form casting io

操作的模具或者可用于搜集对潜在产品的市场反馈的原型。 Operation of mold or prototype can be used to gather feedback on the market potential of the product.

[0070] 所示出的打印机10包括台架12、滑架14、维修站组件16和测试图案18。 [0070] The illustrated printer 10 includes a gantry 12, the carriage 14, a service station assembly 16 and test pattern 18.典型地， 台架12可沿着X轴驱动而一层接一层地制造物体。 Typically, the gantry 12 may be driven along the X axis of the object layer by layer manufacturing.在一些实施方式中，可将马达连接到台架12。 In some embodiments, the motor may be connected to the gantry 12.在其它实施方式中，台架12可连接到螺钉，使得螺钉的转动沿X轴移动台架12。 In other embodiments, the carriage 12 may be connected to the screw such that the screw is rotated in the X-axis moving stage 12.在一些实施方式中，台架12可沿着竖直的Z轴驱动。 In some embodiments, the gantry 12 may be driven along a vertical Z-axis.可按需地采用其它定位系统。 You may use other positioning systems on demand.[0071] 滑架14典型地包括能够分配用于形成物体所必需的粘合剂材料的打印头20 (见图2)。 [0071] 14 typically comprises a carriage capable of dispensing object material for forming the adhesive necessary for the print head 20 (see FIG. 2).在一些实施方式中，当台架12沿着X轴移动时，滑架14沿着Y轴来回移动。 In some embodiments, when the carriage 12 moves along the X axis, the carriage 14 moves back and forth along the Y axis.滑架14连接到台架12。 The carriage 14 is connected to the gantry 12.从而当滑架14与台架12 —起穿过打印机10移动时，粘合剂材料可在沿X轴和Y轴横过打印机10的表面行进期间布置成两维图案。 So that when the carriage 14 and the gantry 12 - When the printer 10 moves through the play, the adhesive material may be disposed during the traveling surface of the printer 10 into the two-dimensional pattern across the X-axis and Y-axis.然后典型地，横过打印机10 的下一次通过将会是在Z轴的不同平面处，并且在Z轴上的z平面内布置的材料与前面布置的材料结合，而作为所需物体的构造的一部分。 Then typically, a single pass across the printer will be different plane in the Z-axis 10, arranged in front of the binding material disposed within the material and the Z-axis of the z plane, as required to construct the object part.在一个实施方式中，在建筑台下方的步进马达驱动活塞提供Z轴的运动。 In one embodiment, the stepper motor construction table below provides the Z axis drive piston movement.

[0072] 为了进一步提高性能，打印机10还包括维修站16。 [0072] To further improve performance, the printer 10 further includes a service station 16.在一些实施方式中，维修站16 设置在打印机10的固定点处。 In some embodiments, the service station 16 is provided at a fixed point 10 of the printer.通常，维修站16维修由滑架14携带的打印头20。 Typically, the printhead maintenance service station 16 carried by the carriage 1420.维修站16 一般位于去除打印头20上或打印头20周围的碎屑或多余材料的物理位置。 16 is generally located at the service station location debris or physical removal of excess material around the print head 20 or 20 on the print head.在一些实施方式中，过多的粘合剂材料被从滑架14去除或排出。 In some embodiments, the excess adhesive material is removed or discharged from carriage 14.通常，滑架14被驱动到维修站16中，以保持、存储或保存以免损坏。 Typically, the carriage 14 is driven into the service station 16 so as to maintain, stored or saved to avoid damage.典型地，维修站16可位于打印机10上任意点处，其中滑架14 可以被驱动，以接合维修站16。 Typically, the service station 16 may be located at any point on the printer 10, the carriage 14 which may be driven to engage the service station 16.测试图案18也包括在打印机10中。 Also included in the test pattern 18 in the printer 10.在一些实施方式中，测试图案18是被打印头20忽略的测试区域，以在形成物体时改进滑架14的校正。 In some embodiments, the test pattern 18 is negligible print head 20 test areas, in order to improve the correction carriage 14 when forming the object.[0073] 在一些实施方式中，滑架14可以出于诊断或维修的目的而移动。 [0073] In some embodiments, the carriage 14 can be for diagnostic purposes or maintenance moved.移动滑架14使得用户可以出于维护的目的而接触到打印头20，例如清洁或替换。 Movement of the carriage 14 such that a user can contact for maintenance purposes to the printing head 20, for example, cleaning or replacement.打印头的清洁在图6A-6D、7A-7D、8A-8J、9A-9B、10A-10D、11A-11J和12中详细地示出。 Cleaning the print head in FIG. 6A-6D, 7A-7D, 8A-8J, 9A-9B, 10A-10D, 11A-11J and 12 is shown in detail.在一些实施方式中，打印头20 可被驱动为运行打印头20的诊断程序。 In some embodiments, the print head 20 can be driven to operate the print head 20 of the diagnostic program.在可选实施方式中，滑架14可出于维修的目的而从打印机10升起。 In an alternative embodiment, the carriage 14 can be lifted from the printer 10 for maintenance purposes.

[0074] 在一个实施方式中，打印机10包括密封盖，以容纳打印操作期间所产生的任何灰尘或其它碎屑。 [0074] In one embodiment, the printer 10 includes a sealing cap, to contain any dust or other debris generated during the printing operation.该密封区域可被加热，以方便在建筑材料和粘合剂材料更好的反应。 The sealing region may be heated to facilitate the building material and a binder material better response.更好的反应包括例如更快的反应时间和改进的粘合。 Better reactions include, for example, faster response time and improved adhesion.在一个实施方式中，通过将低速的热空气引入到该封闭区域而实现加热。 In one embodiment, the heating is achieved by introducing heated air into the enclosed low speed region.空气的流动一般不指向建筑表面，以防止在喷洒后干扰建筑材料。 Flow of air is generally not directed construction surface, to prevent interference construction materials after spraying.在一个实施例中，封闭温度保持在从约90华氏度到150华氏度，优选地从110到135华氏度，更优选地约为125华氏度。 In one embodiment, the closure temperature is maintained from about 90 degrees F to 150 degrees F, preferably from 110 to 135 degrees F, more preferably about 125 degrees Fahrenheit.

[0075] 图2更详细地示出了滑架14的一个实施方式。 [0075] FIG. 2 shows in more detail an embodiment of the carriage 14.滑架14通常包括一个或多个打印头20。 The carriage 14 typically includes one or more print head 20.典型地，打印头20是在形成物体期间通过其喷射粘合剂液体的装置。 Typically, the print head 20 is a device through which the object is formed during the injection of the liquid adhesive.图2示出四个打印头20 ;然而，在其它实施方式中，可有更多或更少的打印头20。 Figure 2 shows four print heads 20; however, in other embodiments, there may be more or less the print head 20.在一些实施方式中，打印头20可插入到滑架14中，使得其彼此沿着X轴线偏置。 In some embodiments, the print head 20 may be inserted into the carriage 14, so that it is offset from each other along the X axis.在一些实施方式中，该偏置沿着X轴线基本上偏置相同的距离。 In some embodiments, the bias offset substantially the same distance along the X axis.在其它实施方式中，打印头20可在滑架14内交错，使得打印头20之间的距离变化。 In other embodiments, the print head 20 may be interleaved in the carriage 14, so that the distance between the print head 20.

[0076] 图3A和3B更详细地示出了维修站16的一个实施方式。 [0076] Figures 3A and 3B show in more detail an embodiment of a service station 16 of the embodiment.维修站16典型地包括排出站22、打印头覆盖站24和打印头清洁站29。 Service station 16 typically includes a discharge station 22, the printhead capping station 24 and the printhead cleaning station 29.在多个实施方式中，滑架14可以以任意顺序及任意次数与排出站22、打印头覆盖站24和打印头清洁站29接合。 In various embodiments, the carriage 14 can be in any order and any number of times the discharge station 22, the printhead capping station 24 and the printhead cleaning station 29 engages.在一些实施方式中，滑架14可连续地与同一站多次接合，例如排出站22。 In some embodiments, the carriage 14 may be continuously bonded to the same station a plurality of times, for example the discharge station 22.在其它实施方式中，滑架14可在排出站22、打印头覆盖站24和打印头清洁站29任意之间以任意顺序及任意次数重复地交替。 In other embodiments, the carriage 14 can discharge station 22, the printhead capping station and the printhead cleaning station 24 in any order and repeated any number of times between the 29 alternate arbitrary.在一些实施方式中，滑架14的打印头20与维修站16接合，以在形成物体期间对打印头20执行维护操作。 In some embodiments, the carriage 20 and the print head 14 engage the service station 16 to the object during the formation of the print head 20 to perform maintenance operations.

[0077] 通常，排出站22包括排出开口28，打印头20可通过该排出开口排出碎屑，例如弄脏的粘合剂。 [0077] Generally, the discharge station 22 comprises a discharge opening 28, the print head 20 is discharged through the discharge opening debris, e.g. soiled adhesive.排出开口28的数目可以变化。 The number of the discharge openings 28 may vary.排出站22典型地是一个区域，其中打印头20 可排出这些材料，从而防止污染物在打印头20中过量地堆积（这可能会影响打印质量）。 Discharge station 22 is typically an area where the printheads 20 may discharge the material so as to prevent contaminants excessively deposited (which may affect the print quality) in the print head 20.典型地，容纳进入该排出站的碎屑，使得其不会弄脏打印头20、滑架14、维修站16或打印机10的任意其它部件。 Typically, the debris discharged into the receiving station so that it will not stain the print head 20, 14, the service station 16 or any other components of the printer carriage 10.

[0078] 在一些实施方式中，打印头20可驱动到排出开口28的正上方，其中打印头20通过该排出开口28排出过量的粘合材料或其它废弃物。 [0078] In some embodiments, the print head 20 may be driven to the right above the discharge opening 28, where the printheads 20 discharge excess adhesive 28 or other waste material through the discharge opening.通常，该废弃物收集在容纳部47中(见图4)。 Typically, the waste collected in the receiving portion 47 (see FIG. 4).在一些实施方式中，滑架14被驱动到维修站16正上方的位置，打印头20在维修站16表面处位于排出开口28上方。 In some embodiments, the carriage 14 is driven to a position immediately above the service station 16, the print head 20 over the opening 28 located at the surface of the pits 16 is discharged.在一些实施方式中，打印头20的底面可延伸到排出开口28的表面平面之下，其中打印头20可排出材料，以便于去除打印头20上的污染物或过量的建筑材料。 In some embodiments, the bottom surface of the print head 20 may extend below the surface plane of the discharge opening 28, where the printheads 20 may discharge material 20 to facilitate removal of contaminants on the printhead or excess building materials.然后，该材料进入容纳部47。 Then, the material enters the receiving portion 47.在一个实施方式中，排出开口28位于容纳部47上方。 In one embodiment, the discharge opening 28 is located above the receiving portion 47.通常，容纳部47位于排出开口28下方的位置，其中打印头20排出该材料。 Typically, receiving section 47 is located below the opening 28 of the discharge position, wherein the print head 20 discharges the material.在一些实施方式中，容纳部47可包括用于容纳所排出的材料的贮存器。 In some embodiments, the receiving portion 47 may comprise a reservoir for receiving the discharged material.

[0079] 通常，打印头覆盖站24位于打印头20由打印头盖26覆盖的区域。 [0079] Generally, the printhead capping station 24 is located in the print area covered by the print head 20 cap 26.在一个实施方式中，每个打印头20有一个打印头盖26。 In one embodiment, each print head 20 has a printhead cap 26.通常，由于滑架14与打印头覆盖站24接合，打印头盖26被驱动到环绕打印头20的位置，使得打印头盖26形成绕打印头表面54的密封(见图5D)。 Typically, since the carriage 14 and the cover 24 engages the printhead station, the printhead cap 26 is driven to a position surrounding the print head 20, such that the printhead caps 26 form a seal around the printhead face 54 (see FIG. 5D).打印头盖26保护打印头20大体上避免污染、碎屑以及通常由于与打印头20接触而产生的物理损坏、劣化和元件。 Printhead cap 26 to protect the printhead 20 substantially avoid contamination, debris, and is usually due to physical damage in contact with the print head 20 is generated, and deterioration of the element.通常，打印头覆盖站24可在任意位置相对于接合排出站22或打印头清洁站29的打印头20及时地覆盖打印头20。 Typically, the printhead capping station 24 may be in any position relative to the print head 20 covers the print head 20 timely engages discharge station 22 or the printhead cleaning station 29.通常，打印头盖26环绕打印头20，以形成密封而防止例如干燥的损坏出现在打印头20上。 Typically, the printhead cap 26 surrounds the print head 20 to form a seal to prevent damage such as drying on the print head 20 occurs.在一些实施方式中，维护可包括在打印头20上或在打印头20周围的清洁。 In some embodiments, the cleaning or maintenance may include a print head 20 around the print head 20.出于解释的目的，仅示出了单个维修站16 ;然而可存在多个维修站16。 For purposes of explanation, only a single service station 16; however, there may be a plurality of service stations 16.可选地，通过例如连续地相对维修站16定位打印头20，单个维修站16可维修多个打印头20。 Alternatively, for example, by successively relatively maintenance station 16 positions print head 20, a single service station 16 may service multiple printheads 20.

[0080] 打印头清洁站29 —般包括可清洁打印头20的区域。 [0080] The printhead cleaning station 29 - generally comprise a cleaning head 20 of the print area.在一个实施方式中，打印头20可由加压洗涤溶液92(参见图8E)清洁。 In one embodiment, the print head 20 may be pressurized washing solution 92 (see FIG. 8E) cleaning.在一些实施方式中，在打印头20将材料排出到容纳部47中之后，打印头20进入打印头清洁站29。 After some embodiments, the print head 20 to discharge material into the receiving portion 47, the print head 20 to enter the printhead cleaning station 29.在其它实施方式中，打印头20可进入打印头清洁站29而无需首先将材料排出到容纳部47中。 In other embodiments, the printheads 20 may enter the printhead cleaning station 29 without first discharging material into the receiving portion 47.在另外的实施方式中，打印头20可重复地或者以任意顺序进入打印头清洁站29和排出站22。 In a further embodiment, the print head 20 may be repeated in any order or into the printhead cleaning station 29 and discharge station 22.典型地，清洁站29通过以这样的方式清洗打印头20而对其进行清洁：从打印头20去除任何碎屑，并且自身容纳有加压洗涤溶液92，从而其不会弄脏打印头20或打印机10的任何其它部件。 Typically, the cleaning by the cleaning station 29 in this manner and the print head 20 to clean them: removing any debris from the print head 20 and itself receiving pressurized washing solution 92, so that it will not stain the print head 20 or any other components of the printer 10.例如在一个实施方式中，打印头20在密封的环境中清洁，以容纳任何碎屑和清洁材料。 In one example embodiment, the print head 20 in a sealed cleaning environment, to receive any debris and cleaning materials.在另一实施方式中， 打印头20在清洁期间是被保护的，使得不会有过量的碎屑或清洁材料留在打印头20上，这些物质稍后将滴落到打印机10的任意部件上，例如建筑表面165。 In another embodiment, the print head 20 during cleaning is to be protected, so that no debris or excess amount of cleaning material left on the print head 20, these materials will be dropped onto the printer 10 is any member later such as building surface 165.在一个实施方式中，每次清洁一个打印头20。 In one embodiment, each cleaning a print head 20.在另一实施方式中，可同时清洁多个打印头20。 In another embodiment, the plurality of simultaneously cleaning the print head 20.在其它实施方式中，可相对于滑架14与维修站16的任意其它部件的接合以任意顺序、在任意时间重复地清洁打印头20。 In other embodiments, the engagement may be arbitrary with respect to the carriage 14 of the other components of the service station 16 in any order, at any time to clean the print head 20 is repeated.在一个实施方式中，打印机10包括用于确定何时清洁打印头20的逻辑运算(logic)，这将在下面更详细地讨论。 In one embodiment, the printer 10 includes a print head cleaning determining when the logical operation (logic) 20, which will be discussed in more detail below.

[0081] 图3B是图3A的维修站16的平面图。 [0081] FIG. 3B is a plan view of the service station 16 of FIG. 3A.从立体图看出，滑架14沿X轴被驱动，使得打印头20与排出开口28对准。 Seen from the perspective view, the carriage 14 is driven along the X axis, so that the print head 20 is aligned with the discharge opening 28.在一个实施方式中，当此对准完成时，打印头20通过排出开口28排出残留物或废弃材料。 In one embodiment, when this alignment is complete, the print head 20 discharge openings 28 is discharged through a waste material or residue.在一些实施方式中，该排出物可包括粘合剂材料或其它建筑材料。 In some embodiments, the effluent may comprise adhesive material, or other building materials.在一些实施方式中，在排出后，打印头20进一步沿着X轴驱动到打印头覆盖站24，其中打印头盖26形成在打印头20周围的密封。 In some embodiments, after the discharge, the print head 20 is further driven along the X axis to the printhead capping station 24, where the printhead cap 26 is formed a seal around the printhead 20.在打印头20周围由打印头盖26形成的密封总体上保护打印头20远离元件、碎屑或残留的粘合剂材料的污染，并防止打印头20干燥。 Protective seal formed by the printhead cap 26 around the print head 20 the print head 20 generally away from the elements, debris or residual contamination of the adhesive material, the print head 20 and to prevent drying.[0082] 图4是本发明一个实施方式的排出功能的示意图，由此粘合剂材料和碎屑41从打印头20排出。 [0082] FIG. 4 is a functional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the exhaust embodiment of the present invention, whereby the adhesive material and debris 41 is discharged from the print head 20.在一些实施方式中，粘合剂碎屑41可包括过量的建筑材料。 In some embodiments, the adhesive 41 may comprise an excess debris building materials.在一些实施方式中，在滑架14每次横过建筑物表面165后，执行该排出功能。 In some embodiments, the carriage 14 after each crossing building surface 165, performs the function of discharging.在其它实施方式中，该排出功能可在滑架14任意给定数目的跨行之后周期性地进行。 In other embodiments, the function may be discharged periodically after any given number of interbank carriage 14.在其它一些实施方式中，该功能可以以固定的时间间隔进行。 In some other embodiments, this function may be performed at fixed time intervals.在此解释性的实施方式中，滑架14定位在维修站16上方，使得打印头20排成直线与孔板40形成空间的缝隙。 In this illustrative embodiment, the carriage 14 is positioned above the service station 16, so that the print head 20 is aligned with the slot 40 formed in the orifice plate space.在一些实施方式中，该孔板40包括环绕排出开口28的固体表面（见图3B)，在滑架14合适地定位之后，打印头20排出碎屑41或其它废弃物。 In some embodiments, the plate 40 comprises a solid surface surrounding the discharge opening 28 (see FIG. 3B), after the carriage 14 is properly positioned, the print head 20 is discharged debris 41 or other wastes.通常，碎屑41包括污染物，例如残留在打印头20中的过量的粘合剂材料。 Typically, debris 41 including contaminants such as excess adhesive material remains in the print head 20.在一个实施方式中，碎屑41进入到废液收集盘（catch tray)43中的废液42。 In one embodiment, the debris 41 into the waste liquid catch tray (catch tray) 43 42 waste liquid.在一些实施方式中，废液42可包括来自打印头20的之前排出物的排出物。 In some embodiments, the waste solution 42 may include a print head 20 prior to discharge from the discharge thereof.在排出时，粘合剂液体41的液滴撞击在废液42的贮液池的表面上，使得溅射最小，并且不会产生不需要的废液浮质。 Upon exiting, the liquid adhesive droplets 41 impinge on the surface of the waste reservoir tank 42, such that the minimum sputtering, and do not generate unnecessary waste aerosol.溢流道44位于容纳部47底部上方一定距离处，足以保持废液42的贮液池。 Spillway 44 is located at a distance above the bottom of the receiving portion 47, sufficient to maintain the pool of waste liquid 42.通常，废液42 接着从溢流道44向下流动，其中其最终通过排水管45从维修站16排出。 Typically, the waste liquid 42 then flows downwardly from the overflow channel 44, where it is finally discharged from the service station 16 through the drain pipe 45.在一些实施方式11/22页 In some embodiments pages 11/22

中，任何溢出的废液46也通过排水管45从废液收集盘43排出，从而防止弄脏维修站16。 , Any spilled waste 46 through the drain pipe 45 are also discharged from the waste liquid catch tray 43, thereby preventing soiling service station 16.[0083] 图5A示出了本发明的覆盖功能的一个实施方式，其中每个打印头20由一个盖密封。 [0083] FIG. 5A illustrates one embodiment of the present invention cover the function, wherein each print head 20 is sealed by one cap.在一些实施方式中，这个覆盖功能可在打印机10上通过任意给定次数后进行。 In some embodiments, this feature can be covered after any given number of times by the printer 10.在另外的实施方式中，该功能可在固定的时间间隔或在完成打印后进行。 In a further embodiment, the spacer function may be performed after the completion of printing or at a fixed time.在图5B中，滑架14沿着X轴驱动，并定位在维修站16上方，在此解释性的实施方式中，在打印头20和打印头盖26 之间有空间缝隙。 In FIG 5B, the carriage 14 is driven along the X axis, and positioned above the service station 16. In this illustrative embodiment, the gap space between the printing head 20 and the printhead cap 26.在这个位置处，打印头盖26还未覆盖住打印头20。 In this position, the printhead cap 26 has not been covering the print head 20.通常，打印头盖26保持静止，直到打印头盖驱动器50接合打印头盖支架52。 Typically, the printhead cap 26 remains stationary, until the printhead cap actuator 50 engages the printhead cap carrier 52.在一些实施方式中，滑架14已经移动到孔板40和排出开口28之外，从而在一些实施方式中，打印头20可能已经将碎屑41 排出到废液收集盘43中。 In some embodiments, the carriage 14 has moved outside the orifice 40 and the discharge opening 28, so that in some embodiments, the print head 20 may have the debris 41 is discharged into the waste liquid catch tray 43.在一些实施方式中，滑架14可以已经驱动到打印头清洁站29上方。 In some embodiments, the carriage 14 has been driven to be above the printhead cleaning station 29.在一些实施方式中，当滑架14连续地沿着X轴驱动时，打印头盖驱动器50与打印头盖支架52接合。 In some embodiments, when the carriage 14 is continuously driven along the X axis, the printhead cap actuator 50 engages the printhead cap carrier 52.通常，打印头盖驱动器50可包括金属、塑料或具有足够刚度的橡胶附件，以使得打印头盖支架52沿着X轴与滑架14 一起移动。 Typically, the printhead cap actuator 50 may comprise a metal, plastic or rubber attachment has sufficient rigidity, so that the printhead cap carrier 52 is moved along the X-axis carriage 14.

[0084] 图5C-5D示出了该覆盖功能的完成。 [0084] FIGS. 5C-5D illustrate the complete covering function.典型地，打印头盖支架52为固定到维修站16 并具有弹性系数的金属或其它固体材料，从而滑架14和打印头盖驱动器50沿着X轴的运动使得打印头盖支架52在相同方向上沿着X轴移动。 Typically, the printhead cap carrier 52 is secured to the service station 16 and metal or other solid material having a coefficient of elasticity, so that the carriage 14 and the printhead cap actuator 50 motion along the X axis in the same direction so that the printhead cap carrier 52 in moving along the X axis.在一些实施方式中，打印头盖支架52 的X轴运动又使得打印头盖26沿着Z轴运动，它们最后覆盖住打印头20。 In some embodiments, the printhead cap carrier 52 such that the X-axis movement of the printhead cap 26 and along the Z-axis, and finally they cover the print head 20.在其它实施方式中，包括打印头盖驱动器50的滑架14和打印头盖支架52在滑架运动的方向53上停止运动，并且打印头20被覆盖住。 In other embodiments, the cap includes a print driver 14 and the carriage 50 stops moving the printhead cap carrier 52 in the direction of movement of the carriage 53 and the print head 20 is covered.

[0085] 通常，打印头盖驱动器50和打印头盖支架52接合，使得打印头盖支架52在打印头盖驱动器50运动的方向上运动。 [0085] Generally, the printhead cap actuator 50 and the printhead cap carrier 52 engages, so that the printhead cap carrier 52 in the direction of movement of the printhead cap actuator 50 motion.在一些实施方式中，打印头盖支架52包括弹性元件601 ， 其中在弹性元件601压縮时，打印头盖支架将相对于维修站16的外壁枢转。 In some embodiments, the printhead cap carrier 52 includes an elastic member 601, wherein the resilient member 601 when compressed, the printhead cap carrier service station with respect to the outer wall 16 of the pivot.该枢转使得打印头盖26朝向打印头20不均匀地驱动。 The print head cover 26 so that the pivot 20 toward the print head driving unevenly.因而，打印头盖26最为远离打印头盖驱动器50的边缘将开始接触到打印头20。 Accordingly, the printhead cap 26 farthest from the edges of the print cap actuator 50 will start to come into contact with the print head 20.在一些实施方式中，最初首先与打印头20接触的是最靠近打印头盖驱动器50的打印头盖26的边缘。 In some embodiments, the first initial contact with the print head 20 is closest to the edge of the printhead cap actuator 26 of the printhead cap 50.在上述任意实施方式中，打印头盖26继续朝向打印头20驱动，直到打印头盖26下降并环绕打印头20。 In any of the above described embodiments, the printhead cap 26 continues to move towards the print head 20 is driven, the printhead cap 26 is lowered until the print head 20 and surrounds.在一些实施方式中，打印头盖26在打印头20周围形成密封。 In some embodiments, the printhead cap 26 form a seal around the print head 20.在一个实施方式中，一个打印头20由一个打印头盖26所覆盖。 In one embodiment, a print head 20 is covered by one printhead cap 26.在一个实施方式中，多个打印头盖26覆盖多个打印头20。 In one embodiment, the cap 26 covers a plurality of printing a plurality of print head 20.通常，每个打印头20使用一个打印头盖26。 Typically, each print head 20 using a printhead cap 26.通常，相对于滑架14与打印机10的任意其它部件的接合，打印头20可由打印头盖26以任意次数和任何次序覆盖。 Typically, with respect to the carriage 14 and the engagement of any other components of the printer 10, the print head 20 is covered by the printhead caps 26 any number of times and in any order.

[0086] 如图5C和5D所示，打印头盖支架52包括臂600、弹性元件601和板602。 [0086] As shown in FIG. 5C and 5D, the printhead cap carrier 52 includes an arm 600, the resilient member 601 and the plate 602.通常， 臂600与打印头盖驱动器50接合，并在打印头盖驱动器53运动的方向上移动。 Typically, the arm 600 is engaged with the printhead cap actuator 50, and moved in the direction of the printhead cap actuator 53 motion.该运动使得弹性元件601压縮，从而引起枢转运动。 This movement causes the compression elastic member 601 to cause pivoting movement.该枢转运动使得板602朝向打印头20运动。 The pivoting movement so that the plate 602 toward the print head 20 movement.打印头盖26典型地设置在板602的上表面上。 Typically, the printhead cap 26 disposed on the upper surface 602 of the plate.在一个实施方式中，板602是刚性的，因而打印头盖26倾斜地靠近打印头20，使得打印头盖26的一个边缘在打印头盖26的任何其它边缘接合打印头20之前接合到打印头20。 In one embodiment, the plate 602 is rigid, and thus the printhead cap 26 close to the print head 20 is inclined, such that one edge of the printhead cap 26 before the printhead 20 engages the edge at any other printhead cap 26 is bonded to the printhead 20.在不同的实施方式中，打印头盖26的任意边缘接合打印头20。 In various embodiments, any edge of the printhead cap 26 engages the print head 20.典型地，在打印头盖26的任一边缘和打印头20之间的首次接合后，板602 继续运动，直到打印头盖26环绕打印头20。 Typically, after the first engagement between the printhead cap 20 to either edge 26 and the print head, continued movement of the plate 602, until the printhead cap 26 surrounds the print head 20.特别地，板602可响应于滑架14的驱动力而弯曲或挠曲，直到板602呈现大致水平的取向。 In particular, the plate 602 may be in response to the driving force of the carriage 14 is bent or flexed, until the plate 602 presents a generally horizontal orientation.

[0087] 图5C包括维修站16和滑架14的剖视截面图。 [0087] FIG. 5C includes a cutaway sectional view of the service station 16 and carriage 14.在说明性实施方式中，滑架14沿着X轴在滑架运动的指示方向（箭头53)上驱动。 In the illustrative embodiment, the carriage 14 is driven in the indicated direction of the carriage movement (arrow 53) along the X axis.打印头盖驱动器50将接触到打印头盖支架52，并且打印头盖驱动器50和打印头盖支架52都将沿着滑架运动的方向53运动。 The printhead cap actuator 50 will come into contact with the printhead cap carrier 52, and the printhead cap actuator 50 and the printhead cap carrier 52 will be in the direction of movement of the carriage 53 movement.在说明性实施方式中，打印头盖26位于打印头盖支架52上。 In the illustrative embodiment, the printhead cap 26 is located on the printhead cap carrier 52.因而，打印头盖支架52在滑架运动方向53上的运动使得打印头盖26沿着Z轴运动。 Accordingly, the printhead cap carrier 52 moves in the direction of movement of the carriage 53 causes the printhead cap 26 along the Z-axis.图5C包括滑架14和维修站16的剖视示意图。 FIG. 5C comprise a schematic cross-sectional view of the carriage 14 and the service station 16.图5C示出了当滑架14在滑架的运动方向53上运动时打印头盖驱动器50和打印头盖支架52之间的接触点。 FIG. 5C shows that when the carriage 14 moving in the direction of movement 53 of the carriage of the printhead cap actuator 50 and the point of contact between the printhead cap carrier 52.在此实施方式中，在该位置处，在打印头20和打印头盖26 之间存在一个空间缝隙，从而打印头盖26还未密封打印头20。 In this embodiment, at this position, a space gap exists between the print head 20 and the printhead cap 26 to seal the printhead cap 26 has not the print head 20.

[0088] 图5D是处于从图5C的时间向前一段时间的一个位置的滑架14和维修站16的示意图，使得打印头盖26覆盖住打印头20的打印头表面54。 [0088] FIG. 5D is a schematic diagram in FIG. 5C position forward in time from the period of the carriage 14 and the service station 16, such that the printhead cap 26 covers the head surface 54 of print head 20.典型地，打印头表面54包括打印头20的底面，其包括并环绕粘合剂材料从打印头20排出的位置。 Typically, the printhead face 54 includes a print head 20 of the bottom surface, which includes and surrounds the position of the adhesive material is discharged from the print head 20.在此说明性实施方式中，滑架运动53使得打印头盖驱动器50接合并在滑架运动方向53上移动该打印头盖支架52。 In this illustrative embodiment, the movement of the carriage 53 such that the printhead cap actuator 50 engages the printhead cap 53 to move the carriage motion direction of the holder 52.在此实施方式中，打印头表面54具有由打印头盖26在其周围形成的保护性密封。 In this embodiment, the printhead face 54 having a protective sealing cap 26 formed by the printing therearound.通常，该盖或密封足以保护打印头表面54免遭损坏或弄脏，在一些实施方式中，由打印头盖形成的密封可以是气密性的。 Typically, the lid or the sealing surface 54 is sufficient to protect the printhead from being damaged or soiled, in some embodiments, the seal formed by the printhead cap may be airtight.

[0089] 图6A是维修站16的可选实施方式的部分截面侧视图，该维修站包括组合的排出和覆盖站。 [0089] FIG 6A is a partial cross-sectional side view of the alternative embodiment of the service station 16, which comprises a combination of the service station and discharge station coverage.在此解释性实施方式中，滑架14在滑架运动方向53上驱动（沿着X轴），并将自身定位在维修站16上方。 In this explanatory embodiment, the drive carriage 14 (along the X axis) in the direction of movement of the carriage 53, and is positioned above the service station 16 itself.在一些实施方式中，滑架14的驱动为从打印头20的排出作准备。 In some embodiments, the drive carriage 14 is discharged from the print head 20 in preparation.在此解释性实施方式中，废液收集盘43包括废液42。 In this explanatory embodiment, the waste liquid catch tray 43 comprises a waste 42.通常，废液42由打印头20之前横过维修站16的上次排出所产生。 Typically, the waste liquid 42 discharged last 16 generated by the service station across the head 20 before printing.在一些实施方式中，打印头盖60的下边缘可延伸到由废液收集盘43所限定的区域中，但是通常，打印头盖60的下边缘不接触废液收集盘43的底表面，因而废液42自由地流动并聚集在废液收集盘43中，直到废液表面61升高到溢流道44的顶部。 In some embodiments, the printhead cap 60 may extend to the lower edge of the waste liquid catch tray area 43 is defined in, but typically, the lower edge of the printhead cap 60 does not contact the bottom surface of the waste liquid catch tray 43, thereby effluent 42 flows freely and accumulated in the waste liquid catch tray 43, the top surface 61 until the waste rises to the overflow channel 44.在这样的位置，废液42接着通过溢流槽62进入废液溢流管63。 In this position, the waste liquid overflow tube 42 and then into the waste tank 63 via the overflow 62.通常，废液溢流管63将废液42带出维修站16。 Typically, the waste liquid overflow tube 63 with waste liquid 42 out of the pits 16.

[0090] 图6B到6D更详细地示出了覆盖和排出功能。 [0090] FIG. 6B to 6D illustrate in more detail the covering and discharge functions.滑架14在滑架运动方向53上运动，并被定位在维修站16上方。 The carriage 14 on the moving direction of carriage motion 53, and is positioned over the service station 16.图6B示出一种实施方式，其中打印头盖驱动器50和打印头盖支架52之间形成接触，但是打印头盖支架还未在滑架运动方向53上运动足够远，以抬起打印头盖26到其覆盖打印头20的位置。 6B shows an embodiment, in which the contact between the printhead cap actuator 50 and the printhead cap carrier 52, but not yet in the printhead cap carrier movement direction of the carriage 53 moving sufficiently far to lift the printhead cap 26 to the position covering the print head 20.图6C示出了从图6B的时间上稍后一点的实施方式。 FIG 6C illustrates an embodiment of FIG. 6B from the later time point.如图6C所示，打印头盖支架52在滑架运动方向53上运动了所需的距离，以将打印头盖26抬起到其在打印头20周围形成密封的位置。 6C, the printhead cap carrier 52 moving the required distance in the direction of carriage motion 53 to lift the printhead cap 26 to a position which forms a seal around the print head 20.该覆盖功能与图5A-5D中描述的大致类似。 The cover functions as described in FIGS. 5A-5D is substantially similar.在一些实施方式中，打印头盖26包括限定腔64的排出柱67。 In some embodiments, the printhead cap 26 includes a cavity 64 defining a discharge column 67.打印头20通过排出柱将废液排出到废液收集盘43。 The print head 20 is discharged through the discharge column to the waste liquid to the waste liquid catch tray 43.如图6C所示，打印头20将碎屑41排出到废液收集盘43，其中其与任何现存的废液42混合。 6C, the print head 20 is discharged to the waste debris collecting tray 41 43, wherein it is mixed with any existing waste 42.在一些实施方式中，在溢流废液65时，收集的废液42将经过溢流道44并向前行进通过溢流槽62且向下经过废液溢流管63，其中其最后将从维修站16排出。 In some embodiments, when the waste liquid overflow 65, through the waste collector 42 of the spillway overflow 44 and forwardly through the slot 62 and travels down through the waste liquid overflow tube 63, from where it finally service station 16 is discharged.通常，该排出过程确保打印头20和打印头表面清洁且无阻塞，以保持三维打印机的可能最高的品质。 Typically, the discharge process to ensure that the print head 20 to clean the printhead face and non-blocking, three-dimensional printer in order to maintain the highest possible quality and.在一些实施方式中，多个打印头20可基本上在同一时间排出材料。 In some embodiments, the plurality of printheads 20 may discharge material at substantially the same time.[0091] 再次参照图6C，在一些实施方式中，密封可形成于由排出腔64限定的区域中。 [0091] Referring again to FIG. 6C, in some embodiments, the seal may be formed in a region defined by the discharge chamber 64.通常，腔64在顶部由打印头20和打印头盖26限制，在底部由废液表面61限制，侧部由排出柱67限制。 Typically, the chamber 64 and the printhead cap 26 by the print head 20 is restricted, the bottom surface of the waste by the restriction 61, is restricted by the side portions 67 at the top of the column is discharged.在一个实施方式中，废液收集盘43中废液61的表面的液面高度足够高，以淹没排出柱67的底部。 In one embodiment, the height of the surface level 43 of the waste liquid catch tray 61 in the waste is high enough to submerge the discharge 67 of the bottom of the column.排出柱67的底部的最低点位于溢流道44的最低点之下，这防止废液42在排出柱的最低点下方滴落。 The lowest point of the bottom of the column 67 is discharged at the lowest point below the spillway 44, which prevents waste fluid 42 discharged dropped below the lowest point of the column.在此情形下，当打印头盖26抵靠着打印头20的打印头表面54密封时，腔64是气密的，从而防止打印头表面54干躁。 In this case, when the printhead cap 26 against the printhead face 54 of the print head 20 sealed, chamber 64 is airtight, thereby preventing the printhead face 54 dry impatient.在此实施方式中，排出物41 被阻止在除了通过废液溢流管63的其它任意方向从腔64溢出，这里排出物41无害地离开维修站16。 In this embodiment, the discharge 41 is blocked in any direction in addition to other waste liquid overflow tube 63 from the overflow cavity 64, 41 where the effluent harmless to leave the service station 16.该示例性实施方式使得排出物41弄脏打印机10的任意部件的危险最小。 The exemplary embodiments enable minimum risk of soiling the effluent printer 41 to any member 10.[0092] 图7A-7D示出了根据本发明的打印头清洁站500的一个实施方式。 [0092] Figures 7A-7D show one embodiment according to the present invention, the printhead cleaning station 500.打印头清洁站500还可安装在维修站16中。 Printhead cleaning station 500 may also be mounted in the service station 16.打印头清洁站500包括保存洗涤溶液543的贮存器542和在压力下将洗涤溶液543分配到至少一个喷嘴540和优选一组喷嘴540的泵545。 Printhead cleaning station 500 includes a preservation solution 543 and a wash reservoir 542 at a pressure of 543 washing solution pump assigned to the at least one nozzle preferably 545,540 and a set of nozzles 540.喷嘴540 能够产生洗涤溶液543的高速流。 Solution nozzle 540 is capable of producing high velocity stream 543 is washed.运行时，喷嘴540指向到打印头520的打印头表面577。 Operation, the nozzle 540 to the point 577 printhead face 520 of the printhead.当指向到打印头表面577时，清洁溶液543散开并从打印头表面577去除污染物例如建筑物材料和粘合材料。 When pointing to the printhead face 577, and 577 spread the cleaning solution to remove contaminants 543 such as a building material and the adhesive material from the printhead face.喷嘴540的方位可相对于打印头表面577成角度，使得流体流动沿着打印头表面577的平面引入。 Orientation of nozzle 540 with respect to the printhead face 577 is angled so that fluid flow is introduced along the plane of the printhead face 577.例如洗涤溶液可在最靠近喷嘴540的侧部接触打印头520，并从最远离喷嘴540的打印头520的侧部排出。 E.g. wash solution may contact the print head 520 on the side closest to the nozzle portion 540, and is discharged from the side farthest from the nozzle portion 540 of the printhead 520.该方法通过减小洗涤溶液在打印头表面577 上的聚集以及洗涤溶液543和碎屑的量而起到改进洗涤溶液543流的功效，否则该碎屑将在喷嘴540附近排出并干涉喷嘴540。 The method by reducing aggregation, and the solution was washed with 543 washed and the amount of debris on the printhead face 577 functions to improve the efficacy of the washing solution 543 flows, or interfere with the debris discharge nozzles 540 and 540 in the vicinity of the nozzle.防溅罩还可包括在打印头清洁站500中，以容纳液体洗涤溶液543流产生的溅射。 The splash guard may also be included in the printhead cleaning station 500 to contain a liquid washing solution 543 sputtering stream generated.

[0093] 在喷嘴540的操作完成后，希望去除残留在打印头表面577上的大部分洗涤溶液543。 [0093] After the operation is completed the nozzles 540, most desirable to remove residual washing solution 543 on the printhead face 577.这在传统上通过拖动擦拭元件横过打印头表面577而实现。 This conventionally by dragging the wiper across the printhead face element 577 is achieved.该方法的缺点在于擦拭元件和打印头表面577之间的接触可能由于例如损坏喷墨喷嘴孔的边缘而降低打印头520 的性能。 Disadvantage of this method is that the contact between the wiping member and the printhead face 577 may be due to damage such as edge inkjet nozzle orifice decreases the performance of the print head 520.因此，本发明的目的是提供一种从打印头表面577去除聚集的洗涤溶液的装置， 而不接触喷墨喷嘴附近的精细的区域。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus of wash solution 577 is removed from the printhead face aggregated, without contacting region near the fine inkjet nozzles.在一个实施方式中，毛细吸收构件544可设置为使得打印头表面577可在其上表面546上方非常接近的位置通过一次或多次，而不发生接触。 In one embodiment, the wicking member 544 may be set to 577 so that the upper surface 546 over which a position very close to the printhead face by one or more, without contacting occurs.允许毛细吸力将聚集的洗涤溶液543从打印头表面577抽走。 Allowing capillary forces to gather the solution was washed with 543 577 away from the printhead surface.毛细吸收构件544可由刚性的、半刚性的或者适应（compliant)材料制成，并且可具有吸收或不可渗透的特性，或者其任意的组合形式。 Wicking member 544 may be rigid, semi-rigid or adaptation (Compliant) made of a material, and may have a characteristic absorption or impermeable, or any combination thereof.

[0094] 对于毛细吸收构件544，为了有效地从打印头表面577去除聚集的洗涤溶液543， 毛细吸收构件544的上表面546和打印头表面577之间的缝隙必需要小，期望范围介于约0英寸到约0. 03英寸之间。 [0094] For the wicking member 544, 577 in order to effectively remove accumulated washing solution 543 from the printhead face, and the wicking surface 546 on the printhead face gap 544 between the member 577 will need a small, a desired range of between about 0 inches to about 0.03 inches.本发明的另一目的是提供一种装置，用于将该缝隙保持在该范围内，而不用求助于精细的、刚性的和昂贵的部件。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a means for holding the gap in this range, but without resorting to elaborate, expensive and rigid member.

[0095] 在另一实施方式中，毛细吸收构件544可由适应的橡胶片构成，该橡胶片的方向与毛细吸收构件544和打印头520之间的相对运动的方向547大致垂直，并且毛细吸收构件544的一部分上表面546设置成其仅在远离打印头喷嘴孔的非重要区域内轻轻地接触或干涉打印头表面577。 [0095] In another embodiment, the wicking member 544 may be made to adapt a rubber sheet configuration, the direction of the rubber sheet with the capillary absorbent direction of relative movement between the member 544 and substantially perpendicular to printhead 520 547, and the wicking member 544 on a portion of a surface 546 which is arranged in the non-important region remote from the printhead nozzle holes lightly contacting the surface 577 or interfere with the printhead only.毛细吸收构件544的上表面546在一些位置可包括一个或多个凹口548，在这些位置处毛细吸收构件544不然将接触到打印头表面577的精密部件。 Upper surface 546 of the wicking member 544 at some locations may include one or more notches 548, the capillary at the position of the absorbent member 544 will otherwise come into contact with the printhead face 577 of precision parts.选择系统尺寸使得毛细吸收构件544总是接触打印头表面577，并且在打印头520穿过该毛细吸收构件时其弯折，这与打印头520和打印头清洁站500的相对位置中的期望变化无关。 Size selection system 544 such that the wicking member always contacts the printhead face 577, and passes through the wicking member 520 which is bent at the print head, which is the relative position of the print head 520 and the printhead cleaning station 500 of a desired change nothing to do.因此上表面546随着打印头表面577的位置而移动，通过在打印头表面577和下降表面凹口548之间延伸的一个基本上恒定的空间而保持。 Accordingly as the position of the upper surface 546 of the printhead face 577 is moved by the printhead face 577 is maintained at a substantially constant and decrease the space between the surface of the recess 548 extends.为了进一步延长打印头520的寿命，毛细吸收构件544的弯曲区域可以具有减小的截面，以提供更可靠的弯曲行为，并且毛细吸收构件544 的上表面546具有较小的变形。 To further extend the life of the print head 520, wicking member 544 may have a bending region of reduced cross-section to provide a more reliable bending behavior, the upper surface of the capillary member 544 and the absorbent 546 has less distortion.[0096] 图7B-7D示出了根据本发明的修复循环。 [0096] FIGS. 7B-7D illustrate the repair cycle of the present invention.图7B示出打印头520沿着箭头547所指示的路径接近打印头清洁站500。 7B shows the print head 520 along a path indicated by arrow 547 to close the printhead cleaning station 500.当打印头520轻轻地接触毛细吸收构件544时，如图7C所示，沿着路径547的运动停止，并且洗涤溶液543由喷嘴阵列540导引到打印头表面577。 When the print head 520 lightly in contact with the wicking member 544, as shown in FIG. 7C, along the path of movement of stop 547, and 543 washing solution nozzle array 540 by the guide surface 577 to the printhead.当喷射操作完成时，打印头520继续沿着路径547行进，如图7D所示。 When the injection operation is completed, the print head 520 continues to travel along path 547, shown in Figure 7D.毛细吸收构件544进一步变形为允许打印头520通过，并且聚集的洗涤溶液543由毛细作用从打印头表面577带走。 Wicking member 544 is further modified to allow the print head 520, and collects the washing solution 543 by the capillary action away from the print head surface 577.在喷射和擦拭之后，在一些实施方式中，打印头520可打印大量液滴，以喷出可能在修复过程期间已经吸入的任何洗涤溶液。 After spraying and wiping, in some embodiments, the printhead 520 can print a plurality of droplets, the discharge may have been sucked in during the repair process any washing solution.

[0097] 预期有另外的清洁方法，例如由圆柱形的"漆辊"擦拭打印头表面577，该漆辊通过在洗涤流体的容器中滚动而使自身清洁并保持潮湿。 [0097] In addition cleaning methods are expected, for example, a cylindrical "Roller" wiping the printhead face 577, the paint roller by the washing fluid in the vessel itself so that the rolling cleaned and kept moist.在另一实施方式中，清洁系统可包括连续的细丝，其将洗涤流体向上带到打印头表面577，并将碎屑带到贮槽中。 In another embodiment, the cleaning system may include a continuous filament, which washing fluid upward to the printhead face 577, to the sump and debris.该系统可包括能在细丝上运行的小刮刀，以去除内在的碎屑。 The system may include a small blade can be run on the filaments to remove debris inherent.

[0098] 图8A示出根据本发明的清洁站529的可选实施方式。 [0098] FIG 8A shows an alternative embodiment of the cleaning station 529 of the present invention.通常，打印机10能够确定何时通过维修站16清洁打印头20，这将在下面更详细地描述。 Typically, the printer 10 can determine when the print head 20 by a cleaning service station 16, which will be described in more detail below.在一些实施方式中，只有单个打印头20由维修站16清洁。 In some embodiments, only a single print head 20 by a service station 16 to clean.在其它实施方式中，清洁多个打印头20。 In other embodiments, the plurality of print head 20 clean.在一些实施方式中，维修站16包括喷嘴歧管80。 In some embodiments, the service station 16 includes a nozzle manifold 80.通常，喷嘴歧管80包括至少一个喷嘴540，并优选地一组喷嘴540。 Typically, the nozzle manifold 80 comprises at least one nozzle 540 and preferably a set of nozzles 540.在一些实施方式中，维修站16包括防溅罩81。 In some embodiments, the service station 16 includes a splash guard 81.通常，防溅罩81被包括在打印头清洁站529中，以容纳由洗涤溶液543流产生的飞溅。 Typically, the splash guard in the splashing is included in the printhead cleaning station 529 to contain the washing solution 81 543 stream generated.典型地，防溅罩81通过容纳洗涤溶液543防止粉末或粘合材料而污染。 Typically, the splash guard 81 through 543 receiving washing solution to prevent contamination of the adhesive material or powder.通常，除了增加歧管80和防溅罩81之外，清洁站529与参照图7A-7D描述的清洁站500 —样运行。 Typically, in addition to increasing the manifold 80 and the outside of the splash guard 81, the cleaning station 529 described with reference to FIGS. 7A-7D cleaning station described 500-- like operation.

[0099] 图8B是位于打印头清洁站529内的防溅罩81的示意图。 [0099] FIG 8B is a schematic view of the splash guard 81 located within the printhead cleaning station 529.防溅罩81通常包括凹口82、排出孔83、驱动表面89、弯曲点85和密封唇86。 The splash guard 81 generally comprises a recess 82, the discharge hole 83, drive surface 89, the bending point 85 and the seal lip 86.图8C-8H示出清洁站529的运行。 FIGS. 8C-8H illustrate an operation of the cleaning station 529.典型地，打印头20被这样驱动：打印头表面54在凹口82正上方经过，而没有接触凹口82的表面。 Typically, the print head 20 is driven so that: the printhead face 54 passes directly above the recess 82, without the contact surface 82 of the recess.典型地，避免在打印头表面54和凹口82之间的接触防止破坏或改变打印头表面54上的喷嘴的轨迹。 Typically, to avoid or prevent damage to change the trajectory of the nozzles on the printhead face 54 contact between the printhead face 82 and the recess 54.在一个实施方式中，密封唇86可用作擦拭器，在打印头表面54附近接触打印头20，而不接触打印头表面54自身。 In one embodiment, the sealing lip 86 may be used as a wiper in contact with the print head 20 in the vicinity of the surface of the print head 54, without contacting the printhead face 54 itself.一旦打印头20已经清洁了凹口82，它们进入排出孔83正上方的空间内。 Once the print head 20 has a recess 82 clean, which is discharged into the space directly above the hole 83.通常，排出孔83用于洗涤溶液543流过。 Typically, the discharge hole 83 for the washing solution 543 flows.一旦打印头20设置为大致位于排出孔83上方，打印头20接合到驱动表面89。 Once the print head 20 is disposed above the discharge orifice 83 located substantially, the print head 20 engages the drive surface 89.典型地，打印头20接合到驱动表面89，从而使得防溅罩81沿着弯曲点85弯曲。 Typically, the print head 20 engages the drive surface 89, so that the splash guard 81 is bent along the bending point 85.在一些实施方式中，弯曲点85包括枢转点，该枢转点允许包括凹口82、排出孔83、驱动表面89和密封唇86的防溅罩81的至少一部分在驱动打印头20的方向上枢转。 In some embodiments, the inflection point 85 comprises a pivot point, the pivot point includes a recess 82 allows, the discharge hole 83, drive surface 89 and the direction of the sealing lip 86 of the splash guard 81 at least a portion of driving the print head 20 the pivot.通常，在弯曲点85处的这种枢转将排出孔83抬高到打印头20，使得密封唇86接触打印头20。 Typically, in such a curved pivot point 85 of the discharge hole 83 to raise the print head 20, such that the sealing lip 86 in contact with the print head 20.通常，密封唇86被驱动到一个位置，其中密封唇形成在打印头表面54周围的密封。 Typically, the sealing lip 86 is driven to a position in which the sealing lip is formed in the seal around the printhead face 54.典型地，由密封唇86形成的密封是不漏水的，从而防止洗涤溶液543弄脏打印机10。 Typically, the seal formed by the sealing lip 86 is watertight, thus preventing printer 10 soiled washing solution 543.通常，用于已用过的洗涤溶液543的唯一可用的出口是通过排出孔83。 Typically, the only available outlet 543 for the spent wash solution is through the discharge hole 83.

[0100] 图8C包括打印头20在其接近维修站16时的另一个立体图。 [0100] FIG 8C includes a print head 20 in FIG. 16 is another perspective view of the service station as it approaches.图8C大致示出由维修站16执行的清洁操作的开始位置。 FIG 8C shows a starting position of substantially the cleaning operation performed by the service station 16.在说明性的实施方式中，打印头20在打印头运动的方向87上驱动，使得打印头表面54被带到维修站16上方。 In the illustrative embodiment, the print head 20 is driven in the direction of the movement of the print head 87, such that the printhead face 54 is brought above the service station 16.当打印头20正在被驱动时，打印头侧部88将接合防溅罩81的驱动表面89。 When the print head 20 is being driven, the printing head side portion 88 engages the drive surface 89 of the splash guard 81.在此接合后，打印头20移动驱动表面89，使得密封唇86在打印头表面54周围形成密封（见图8D)。 After this engagement, the print head 20 moves the drive surface 89, the sealing lip 86 is formed such that the seal (see FIG. 8D) around the printhead face 54.在一些实施方式中，驱动表面89在枢转点85处枢转。 In some embodiments, the drive surface 89 pivoted at pivot point 85.在一些实施方式中，弯曲连接部85可包括弹性元件。 In some embodiments, the curved connecting portion 85 may include elastic elements.通常，该过程使得由防溅罩81在打印头20的邻近于打印头表面54的下侧周围形成不渗水的密封。 Typically, in this process so that the splash guard 81 is printed by the print head 20 adjacent the head surface water impermeable seal around the lower side 54.[0101] 图8D示出打印头20移动到其在维修站16上方的期望位置。 [0101] Figure 8D shows the print head 20 is moved to its desired position above the service station 16.通常，这是维修站16将要清洁打印头20的位置。 Typically, this is the service station 16 will clean the print head position 20.如图8D所示，驱动表面89在打印头表面54的一部分周围密封打印头20。 8D, a portion of drive surface 89 around the printhead face 54 seals the print head 20.该密封由防溅唇86在打印头表面54周围完成。 This is done by splash lip seal 86 around the printhead face 54.通常，防溅唇86是防溅罩81的一部分。 Typically, the splash lip 86 is part of the splash guard 81.在一个实施方式中，当打印头210正在通过其接触驱动表面89而驱动防溅罩81时，由此产生的防溅罩81的运动还将密封唇86移动到抵靠住打印头20底部并沿着打印头表面54的位置。 In one embodiment, when the print head 210 is driven by the splash guard 81 which contacts the drive surface 89, thereby moving the splash guard 81 is also generated to move the sealing lip 86 abuts against the bottom of the print head 20 and position of the print head along the surface 54.在一些实施方式中，密封唇86处于抵靠着打印头20的底面而抵靠着打印头表面54。 In some embodiments, the sealing lip 86 against the bottom surface in the print head 20 against the printhead face 54.通常，与沿着打印头侧部88相对的，在打印头20的底面上形成围绕打印头表面54的密封是所希望的，因为其防止弄脏打印头侧部88或打印头20的任何其它侧。 Generally, along the side 88 opposite to the printing, forming a seal around the printhead face 54 is desired in the bottom surface 20 of the print head, because it prevents smudging side 88 or any other print head 20 side.例如，残留在打印头20上的洗涤溶液可能在打印期间滴落，从而影响打印质量。 For example, the print head 20 remaining in the washing solution may be dropped during printing, thereby affecting print quality.[0102] 图8E是根据本发明一个实施方式在由维修站16清洁打印头20的期间维修站16的局部剖开的侧视图。 [0102] FIG. 8E is in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention by the service station 16 to clean the printheads partially cutaway side view of the service station 16 during 20.在打印头表面54周围形成密封后，喷嘴歧管80喷射洗涤溶液射流91。 After forming a seal around the printhead face 54, 80 of the nozzle manifold injector 91 jets the washing solution.通常，喷嘴歧管80包括加压洗涤溶液92。 Typically, the nozzle 80 includes a pressure manifold 92 wash solution.在一个实施方式中，加压洗涤溶液92以单个射流91喷射到打印头表面54。 In one embodiment, the pressurized washing solution 92 is injected into 91 individual jet printhead face 54.在其他实施方式中，有洗涤溶液92的多个射流91。 In other embodiments, the solution was washed with a 91 92 plurality of jets.运行时，洗涤溶液射流91朝向到打印头20的打印头表面54。 Run time, the solution was washed with 91 jets toward the printhead face 54 of the print head 20.当朝向到打印头表面54上时，洗涤溶液射流91从打印头表面54疏松并去除污染物，例如粘合材料。 When the print head toward the upper surface 54, 91 jets the washing solution from the printhead face 54 and to remove loose contaminants, such as an adhesive material.洗涤溶液射流91的取向可相对于打印头表面54倾斜，使得流体流动被引导到打印头表面54的平面上。 Jet washing solution 91 may be oriented with respect to the printhead face 54 is inclined, so that the fluid flow is directed onto the printhead face 54 of the plane.例如，在一个实施方式中，洗涤溶液射流91可在最靠近喷嘴歧管80的一侧接触到打印头20，并从打印头20的最远离喷嘴歧管80的一侧排出。 For example, in one embodiment, the wash solution jet nozzle 91 may be on the side closest to the manifold 80 is in contact with the print head 20, and the printhead farthest from the nozzle 20 side of the manifold 80 is discharged.这种方法通过减少洗涤溶液92在打印头表面54上的聚集以及加压洗涤溶液92和碎屑的量而改进了洗涤溶液射流91的效率，否则它们将在喷嘴歧管80附近排出并与喷嘴歧管80干涉。 This method improves the efficiency of the washing solution 91 through the jets 92 collected on the printhead face 54 and the amount of pressurized washing solution 92 and the solution was washed with debris reduction, which would otherwise discharge nozzle in the vicinity of the nozzle and the manifold 80 The manifold 80 interference.图8F是图8E中示出的发明的另一部分剖视图。 FIG 8F is a partial cross-sectional view of another illustrated in FIG. 8E invention.打印头表面54位于用于清洁的合适位置。 Printhead face 54 is located in a position suitable for cleaning.密封唇86在打印头表面54周围形成的密封，从而保护打印头20的其余部分免遭污染。 The sealing lip 86 seals around the printhead face 54, thereby protecting the remainder of the print head 20 from contamination.

[0103] 图8G示出在清洁操作完成后，打印头20从维修站16出来的运动。 [0103] FIG. 8G shows after the cleaning operation is completed, the print service station 16 from moving out of the head 20.打印头20目前在打印头运动方向93上运动远离维修站16。 The print head 20 moves away from the service station 16 is currently in the direction of movement of the print head 93.这与进入维修站16时使用的滑架运动方向53基本上相同。 53 This is substantially the same movement into the direction of the carriage 16 is used in service stations.当打印头20被从维修站16向外驱动时，打印头表面54被带到密封唇86和凹口82上方。 When the print head 20 is driven outwardly from the service station 16, the printhead face 54 is brought above the sealing lip 86 and the recess 82.在一些实施方式中，密封唇86可用作擦拭器并从打印头20的底部靠近打印头表面54的区域上带走碎屑和洗涤溶液92 ;然而，凹口82阻止密封唇86和打印头表面54在对应于喷嘴的位置的区域接触。 In some embodiments, the sealing lip 86 and the wiper can be used as washing solution and debris away from the bottom 92 of the print head 20 on a region close to the print head surface 54; however, the recesses 82 prevent the sealing lip 86 and the printhead the contact surface 54 in a region corresponding to the nozzle position.密封唇86和打印头表面54之间的接触可通过例如损坏打印头表面54上的喷嘴孔的边缘而降低打印头20的性能。 The contact between the sealing lip 86 and the printhead face 54 may reduce the performance of the print head 20 by, for example, damage to the edge of the nozzle orifice on the print head surface 54.然而，在喷嘴歧管80的操作完成后，仍然希望去除残留在打印头表面54上的大部分洗涤溶液92。 However, after the operation of the nozzle manifold 80 is completed, the washing solution is still desirable to remove most of the print head 92 remains on the surface 54.因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于从打印头表面54上去除聚集的洗涤溶液的装置，并且不接触打印头表面54上喷嘴周围的精密区域。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for removing accumulated washing solution from the printhead face 54, and does not contact the nozzle precise area around the printhead face 54.因为在一个实施方式中，凹口82阻止密封唇86和打印头表面54之间直接接触，毛细吸收构件544(如上所述）可设置为使得打印头表面54可非常接近地一次或多次在毛细吸收构件544上方通过，而没有接触，允许毛细吸力将聚集的洗涤溶液92从打印头表面54抽走。 Because in one embodiment, the recesses 82 prevent direct contact between the sealing lip 86 and the printhead face 54, the wicking member 544 (as described above) may be disposed such that the printhead face 54 may be in close proximity one or more times wicking through the upper member 544, without contact, allowing capillary forces to gather the solution was washed with 9254 away from the printhead surface.图8H示出了图8A的维修站16的部分剖开的仰视立体图。 FIG. 8H illustrates a service station of FIG. 8A bottom portion 16 of the cut-away perspective view of FIG.这里可见到在清洁后打印头20被驱动远离维修站16时打印头表面54的敏感部分通过凹口82上方。 Here can be seen when the surface of the sensitive portion of the printhead after cleaning the print head 20 is driven away from the service station 16 through 54 above the recess 82.通常，打印头54的敏感部分包括打印头喷嘴阵列。 Typically, the sensitive portion of the printhead 54 includes a printhead nozzle array.[0104] 图9A和9B示出了图8B的防溅罩81的可选实施方式。 [0104] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate an alternative embodiment of the splash guard 81 of FIG. 8B.在此实施方式中，防溅罩81包括锥形密封表面94。 In this embodiment, the splash guard 81 includes a tapered sealing surface 94.通常，锥形密封表面94形成为使得其在由打印头边缘95所形成的角落周围形成密封。 Typically, tapered sealing surface 94 is formed such that it is formed by a seal around the corner edge of the printhead 95 is formed.从而，在此实施方式中的密封通过锥形的密封表面94而形成，密封表面94接触打印头20的打印头表面54以及打印头侧部88。 Thus, in this embodiment the seal is formed by a conical sealing surface 94, the printhead face 94 in contact with the sealing surface 54 of the print head 20 and a printing head side portion 88.从而，由这种实施方式形成的密封包在打印头20的边缘周围，以在清洁操作期间容纳洗涤溶液92。 Thus, this embodiment is formed of a sealed package around the edge of the print head 20 to accommodate the washing solution 92 during the cleaning operation.图9A和9B的可选防溅罩81及其相关部件的操作与上所述的大致类似。 9A and 9B, operation of the optional splash guard 81 with its associated components according to the substantially similar.

[0105] 图10A-10D示出了图8B的防溅罩81的另一可选实施方式。 [0105] Figures 10A-10D illustrate another alternative embodiment of the splash guard 81 of FIG. 8B.在此实施方式中，防溅罩81再次由防溅密封唇86形成密封；然而，在此实施方式中，防溅罩81由防溅罩支撑弹簧102驱动到在打印头表面54周围的密封位置。 In this embodiment, the splash guard 81 is formed by a splash-proof seal lip 86 re-seal; however, in this embodiment, the splash guard 81 is driven by the splash guard support spring 102 to the sealing position around the printhead face 54 of the .该过程与覆盖操作中覆盖打印头20所使用的过程类似。 The process is similar to the operation of the cover covering the print head 20 is used.通常，打印头20在打印头运动的第一方向（箭头100)上被带到维修站16上方。 Typically, the print head 20 is brought over the service station 16 in a first direction (arrow 100) the print head movement.一旦大致位于排出孔83上方，打印头运动方向改变为与打印头运动大致垂直的方向(箭头101)。 Once the discharge hole 83 is located substantially above, the print head movement direction is changed with the movement of the print head substantially perpendicular to the direction (arrow 101).在一些实施方式中，打印头运动方向101与上述打印头运动方向100垂直。 In some embodiments, the direction of movement of the print head 101 and the print head 100 perpendicular to the direction of movement.现在打印头20在打印头运动的第二方向101上前进，直到打印头侧部88接合到防溅支撑弹簧102 (见图10B)。 Now the print head 20 on the printing head 101 forward movement of the second direction, until the print head side portion 88 joined to the splash guard support spring 102 (see FIG. 10B).如图IOC所示，防溅罩支撑弹簧102在打印头运动的第二方向101上前进。 FIG IOC, the splash guard support spring 102 advances in a second direction of movement of the print head 101.该运动将防溅罩81接合到打印头表面54。 The movement of the splash guard 81 engages the surface 54 to the printhead.

[0106] —旦如上所述执行清洁操作，打印头20在打印头运动的第三方向（箭头103)上运动远离维修站16。 [0106] - performing a cleaning operation once as described above, the print head 20 moves away from the service station 16 on the print head moves in the third direction (arrow 103).通常，当打印头20与维修站16脱开时，打印头运动的第三方向103与打印头运动的第一方向100相对。 Typically, when the print head 20 is disengaged from the service station 16, the third direction of the print head 103 and the first movement direction 100 of relative movement of the printhead.该脱开打破了由防溅密封唇86所形成的密封，并且打印头表面54被带到密封唇86上方，在那里可执行擦拭件操作，以从打印头表面54上去除碎屑或洗涤溶液92。 This breaks the seal 86 is disengaged formed by a splash lip seal, and the printhead face 54 is brought above the sealing lip 86, where the wiping member may perform operations to remove debris from the washing solution or the printhead face 54 92.如上所述，还可执行吸液操作。 As described above, may also perform a pipetting operation.

[0107] 图11A-11J示出了用于清洁打印头20的可选系统146。 [0107] FIGS. 11A-11J illustrate an alternative system 20 for cleaning the print head 146.该系统146位于维修站16中（图1)。 The system 146 is located in the service station 16 (FIG. 1).在一个实施方式中，系统146包括清洁站148，该清洁站大体上由闩锁棘爪152、弹簧154、擦拭件156、打印头盖158、盖支架192、第二弹簧162和凸轮轨道164组成。 In one embodiment, the system 146 includes a cleaning station 148, which cleaning station is generally a latch pawl 152, the spring 154, the wiper member 156, the print head cover 158, the cover holder 192, a spring 162 and a second cam track 164. .为了解释的目的，图中仅示出了一个清洁站148。 For purposes of explanation, the figure shows only a cleaning station 148.然而，也可将多个站148设置在维修站16中。 However, a plurality of stations 148 may also be disposed in the pits 16.可选地，通过例如相对于清洁站148连续地定位打印头20，单个清洁站148可用于多个打印头20。 Alternatively, for example, by the cleaning station 148 with respect to the print head 20 positioned successively, a single cleaning station 148 may be a plurality of printheads 20.

[0108] 图IIA表示了清洁系统146的开始位置。 [0108] FIG IIA indicates the start position of the cleaning system 146.如图11B所示，打印头20靠近清洁站148并接合闩锁棘爪152。 11B, the print head 20 close to the cleaning station 148 and 152 engage the latch pawl.当打印头20经过闩锁棘爪152时，闩锁棘爪152被驱动。 When the print head 20 through the latch pawl 152, the latch pawl 152 is driven.打印头20继续移动经过闩锁棘爪152并接合擦拭件156 (图11C)。 The print head 20 continues to move past the latch pawl 152 and engages the wiper member 156 (FIG. 11C).打印头20经过擦拭件156。 The print head 20 through the wiper member 156.如图11D所示，打印头20接触盖支架192，该盖支架192沿着凸轮轨道164被驱动并挤压弹簧162。 11D, the print head 20 in contact with the cap holder 192, the lid 192 bracket 164 is driven along the cam track 162 and compresses the spring.打印头盖26设置为抵靠打印头表面54(图11E和11F)。 Printhead cap 26 disposed against the printhead face 54 (FIGS. 11E and 11F).如图11F所示，打印头盖26密封住打印头表面54，同时该表面54由洗涤溶液92冲洗（见图11F)。 FIG. 11F, the printhead cap 26 seals against the printhead face 54, while the surface 54 by a rinsing washing solution 92 (see FIG. 11F).[0109] 在打印头表面54清洁后，打印头20开始移出维修站16 (图11G)。 [0109] After cleaning the printhead face 54, the print head 20 begins to move out the service station 16 (FIG. 11G).闩锁棘爪152接合盖支架192并使其运动停止。 Latch pawl 152 engages the cap holder 192 and moving it to stop.如图IIH所示，打印头20接合擦拭印头表面54的擦拭件156。 FIG IIH, the print head 20 engages the wiper member 54 wipes the printhead surface 156.在可选实施方式中，擦拭件156振动以进一步清洁打印头表面54。 In an alternative embodiment, the vibration of the wiping member 156 to further clean the printhead face 54.在可选实施方式中，擦拭件156可在与喷嘴位置相对应的区域开凹口，从而防止擦拭件156和打印头表面54之间接触。 In an alternative embodiment, the wiper member 156 may be notched at the area corresponding to the position of the nozzle so as to prevent contact between the wiper member 156 and the printhead face 54.打印头20继续向前运动，驱动闩锁棘爪152(图111)，该闩锁棘爪152又释放盖支架192(图11J)。 The print head 20 continues to move forward, the latch pawl driver 152 (FIG. 111), the latch pawl 152 and the bracket cover 192 is released (FIG. 11J).盖支架192急速返回其开始位置。 Cap holder 192 snaps back to its starting position.在打印头表面54清洁后，打印头20开始移出维修站16 (图11G)。 After cleaning the printhead face 54, the print head 20 begins to move out the service station 16 (FIG. 11G).系统146现在准备清洁另一打印头20。 System 146 is now ready to clean the other print head 20.[0110] 图12示出了用于清洁打印头20的系统146。 [0110] FIG. 12 illustrates a system 20 for cleaning the print head 146.（图12还更详细地示出了图11F)打印头20设置成由打印头表面54抵靠着打印头盖26，该打印头盖在此实施方式中由橡胶制成。 (Figure 12 also illustrates in more detail in FIG. 11F) provided to the print head 20 by the print head 54 abuts against the surface of the printhead cap 26, the printhead cover in this embodiment is made of rubber.该盖包括密封唇172，用于绕打印头表面54密封。 The cap includes a sealing lip 172 for sealing around the printhead face 54.维修站16通过供应管184连接到洗涤流体供应容器182，并通过回收管188连接到洗涤流体回收容器186。 Service station 16 is connected through the supply pipe 184 to supply the washing fluid vessel 182, and 188 connected to the washing fluid recovery container 186 through the recovery pipe.洗涤流体回收容器186通过真空管190与真空源180 (在此情况下为真空泵）连通。 The washing fluid recovery container 186 through the vacuum line 190 in communication with a vacuum source 180 (in this case a vacuum pump).此外，阀178位于回收管188中。 In addition, the recovery valve 178 is located in the tube 188.阀178可由手动或自动驱动。 Valve 178 may be manually or automatically driven.

[0111] 运行时，真空源180在打印头盖54的腔体174内形成真空。 [0111] Runtime, a vacuum source 180 is formed in the vacuum chamber of the printhead cap 54 174.该真空通过供应管184从供应容器182抽出洗涤流体。 The washing fluid vacuum 182 drawn from the supply container 184 through the supply pipe.该洗涤流体如喷雾176那样进入腔体174打在打印头表面54上。 As the washing fluid spray 176 into the chamber 174 above the playing surface 54 on the printhead.喷雾176从打印头表面54洗掉碎屑，例如过多的建筑材料和干燥的粘合剂。 176 spray wash debris from the printhead face 54, and building materials such as excessive drying of the adhesive.使用过的洗涤流体和碎屑由真空源180从腔体174中抽出并通过回收管188进入到回收容器186中。 Used wash fluid and debris drawn by the vacuum source 180 from the cavity 174 and into collection container 186 through the recovery pipe 188.此外，在腔体174内由真空源180形成的负压防止洗涤流体进入喷嘴，并且实际上可能使得少量的粘合剂流出喷嘴，以从喷嘴冲出任意的粉末建筑材料。 Further, within the cavity 174 formed by the vacuum source 180 to prevent washing fluid suction into the nozzle, and may actually outflow nozzle such that the small amount of binder to the powder out of any building material from the nozzle.喷嘴中的阻塞物或障碍物可使得在错误的方向上开始喷射。 The nozzle may be an obstacle or obstruction such that the injection start in the wrong direction.一旦操作完成，系统146移动到图IIG示出的步骤。 Once completed, the system 146 moves to the step shown in FIG IIG.在可选实施方式中，打印头20设置在维修站16上方。 In an alternative embodiment, the print head 20 is disposed above the service station 16.密封唇86被驱动为与打印头20对齐，并且打印头20被从下方擦拭并润滑，以去除任何聚集的碎粒并提高粘合材料流出打印头20的流动性。 Sealing lip 86 is driven to align the print head 20 and the print head 20 is wiped from below and lubrication, to remove any aggregates and to improve the fluidity of the adhesive crushed material out of the print head 20.特别地，润滑器将润滑剂施加到打印头表面20上，以使打印头表面54上的任何碎屑潮湿。 In particular, the lubricating device applying a lubricant to the surface of the print head 20, so that any debris on the surface of the printhead 54 humid.然后，打印头20移动并使打印头表面54穿过密封唇86，该密封唇用作擦拭器并将打印头表面54擦拭干净。 Then, the print head 20 and the printhead face 54 passes through the sealing lip 86, which serves as sealing lip and a wiper 54 to wipe clean the printhead face.

[0112] 图13示出了根据本发明3D打印机的典型的打印操作。 [0112] FIG. 13 illustrates a typical printing operation of the printer according to the present invention is 3D.为了清楚起见，仅示出了一个打印头220。 For clarity, it shows only one print head 220.打印头220在粉末层200上方移动，该粉末层200已经在3D打印机的建筑表面上铺开（例如如图l所示）。 220 printhead 200 moves over the powder bed, the powder bed 200 has been rolled out on the building surface of the 3D printer (e.g., as shown in Figure l).如前所述，打印头220可沿着X轴和Y轴方向移动。 As described above, the print head 220 is movable along the X-axis and Y-axis directions.在所述操作中，打印头220在单一方向（箭头202)上移动。 , The print head 220 moves in a single direction (arrow 202) in the operation.当打印头220在粉末层200上方行进时，打印头220由以下方式执行打印操作：通过以预定的方式将液体粘合剂的液滴212附着到粉末层200上，从而在粉末层200上形成打印部分204和未打印部分206。 When the print head 220 travels Shangfang powder layer 200, the printhead 220 is operated by a Zhixingdayin following manner: a predetermined manner by liquid adhesives droplets onto the powder layer 212 Fuzhe 200, thereby forming on the layer of powder 200 printing section 204 and non-printed portion 206.[0113] 在粉末层200上打印后，新一层粉末在粉末层200上铺开，以准备容纳新的打印体218。 [0113] After printing on the powder layer 200, a new layer of powder spread on the powder layer 200, in preparation for receiving new print 218.当打印头220将液滴212附着到粉末层200上时，粉末的颗粒210由液滴212的冲击喷出在粉末层200上（见图14A和14B)。 When the print head 220 when the droplets 212 onto the powder layer 200, 210 by the impact of the powder particles of a droplet 212 is ejected on the powder layer 200 (see FIGS. 14A and 14B).这些颗粒210可最终接触并粘附到打印头220。 These particles 210 may eventually contacting and adhering to the print head 220.因而碎屑216通过例如与打印头喷嘴208发生干涉而降低打印质量。 Thus for example, the debris 216 by reducing the print quality of the print head nozzle 208 interfere.所喷出的颗粒210的量将部分地取决于粉末为"湿的"或是"干的"。 The amount of the ejected particles 210 will depend in part on the powder as a "wet" or "dry."若下层是之前打印的，则粉末将是湿的（见图14B)。 If the lower layer is previously printed, the powder is wet (see FIG. 14B).若下层是在之前未打印的，则粉末将是干的（见图14A)。 If the lower layer is non-printed before, the powder is dry (see FIG. 14A).

[0114] 如图14A所示，打印头220将液滴212附着到干燥的粉末层200上。 [0114] As shown in FIG. 14A, the printhead 220 is depositing droplets 212 onto the dried powder layer 200.当液滴212冲击在粉末层200上时，相对大体积的颗粒210移动，并且在粉末层200中形成凹坑214。 When the droplets 212 impact the powder bed 200, the particles move relatively large volumes of 210, 214 and pits are formed in the powder layer 200.颗粒210被向上朝向打印头220喷出，它们可能作为碎屑216而聚集在打印头220的表面上。 Particles 210 are discharged upwardly toward the printhead 220, which may be gathered on the surface of the print head 220 as the debris 216.[0115] 如图14B所示，打印头220将液滴212附着到湿的粉末层200上。 As shown in [0115] FIG. 14B, the printhead 220 is depositing droplets 212 on a wet powder layer 200.当液滴212冲击粉末层200时，相对小体积的颗粒210移动，并且在粉末层200中形成相对小的凹坑214。 When the droplets 212 impact the powder layer 200, particles 210 move relatively small volume and a relatively small pit 214 formed in the powder layer 200.打印在前一层上的粘合剂会粘合新层中的粉末，从而形成较少的颗粒被喷出，因此在打印头表面上聚集较少的碎屑。 Print the previous layer adhesive which will adhere to the new powder layer, thereby forming small particles are ejected, thus less debris accumulation on the printhead face.

[0116] 3D打印机包括用于监视打印头220状况的逻辑电路，其至少部分地基于上次清洁后在前一打印和/或未打印粉末层上打印的液滴的数量。 [0116] 3D printer comprises a logic monitors the status of the print head 220, at least in part number and / or non-printing drops printed on a powder bed after printing based on the previous last cleaning.其它系数包括：例如使用时间、分配的液滴数量以及所打印的层的数量。 Other coefficients comprises: for example, time, number of droplets dispensed and the printed layer.3D打印机可根据达到设定阈值的前述系数中的任意一个或者各个系数的组合来确定任意所需的清洁程序的频率和期间。 3D printer and frequency may be determined during any required cleaning program according to any one or combination of various coefficients reaches the preset threshold of the coefficients.例如，打印头220可在每使用5分钟后进行清洁。 For example, the print head 220 can be cleaned after every five minutes.任何具体系数的阈值可根据所使用的液体粘合剂和粉末材料的种类以及其它可能影响打印头状态的操作性的环境因素（例如温度和湿度）而变化。 Any particular threshold coefficient according to the type of liquid binder and powder materials to be used and other environmental factors that may affect the operability of the print head state (e.g. temperature and humidity) is changed.[0117] 此外或者可选地，3D打印机可使用用于监视和维护打印头220的清洁度的其它系统和方法。 [0117] Additionally or alternatively, 3D printer can be used for monitoring and maintaining the cleanliness of other systems and methods 220 of the printhead.例如，在一个实施方式中，3D打印机可包括用于检查打印头表面的成像系统。 For example, in one embodiment, the printer may comprise a 3D imaging system for checking the print head surface.用户可手动地确定打印头220需要清洁，或者3D打印机可包括用于自动地确定需要清洁的成像系统。 Users may manually determine the need to clean the print head 220, or may include a 3D printer for automatically determining the imaging system to be cleaned.在手动系统中，打印头表面的图像向用户显示在例如视频监视器上，并且如果认为需要的话，用户可启动清洁程序。 In a manual system, the printhead face image displayed to the user on for example a video monitor, and if deemed necessary, the user can start the cleaning process.在自动系统的一个实施例中，服务中打印头表面的实际图像被传送到处理器，用于与清洁打印头表面的图像（即测试图像）相比较。 In one embodiment of the automatic system, the actual image of the face of the printhead is transmitted to the service processor, for comparison with the image (i.e., the test image) clean the print head surface.在一个实施方式中，打印头表面颜色较暗而粉末颜色较亮。 In one embodiment, the printhead face while the darker color of the powder lighter.若打印头表面的大部分由碎屑所覆盖，实际图像和测试图像之间将会存在对比的差别。 If the majority of the surface of the printhead is covered by debris, there will be a difference in contrast between the actual image and the test image.若对比的差别达到预定阈值，该系统启动清洁程序。 In contrast, if the difference reaches a predetermined threshold, the system starts the cleaning procedure.

[0118] 在一些实施方式中，可通过使用气帘或静电荷来保持打印头表面的清洁度。 [0118] In some embodiments, the cleanliness of the printhead can be maintained by using a surface electrostatic charge or air curtain.该系统可在打印头表面上提供低压气帘，其将减少或阻止碎屑聚集在打印头表面上。 The system provides a low pressure air curtain on the surface of the printhead, which would reduce or prevent debris from collecting on the printhead face.可选地，打印头表面可具有位于在其上的静电荷，该静电荷与施加到粉末的电荷相同，从而使得粉末颗粒与打印头表面互相排斥。 Alternatively, the print head may have a surface electrostatic charge positioned thereon, the electrostatic charge applied to the same charge as the powder so that the powder particles to repel each printhead face.

[0119] 图15是根据本发明一个实施方式的打印头对准操作的示意图。 [0119] FIG. 15 is a schematic printhead according to an embodiment of the present invention aiming operation.特别地，上面描述的打印头滑架14被示出与校正的测试图案129相关。 In particular, the print head carriage 14 described above is shown with an associated corrected test pattern 129.测试图案129被打印在三维打印系统10的建筑表面165上（见图1)。 The test pattern 129 is printed on the build surface 165 of the three-dimensional printing system 10 (see FIG. 1).测试图案129包括增强对比子层130，其限定了一个区域，该区域中打印有X轴校正图案133和Y轴校正图案134。 The test pattern 129 includes contrast-enhancing sublayer 130, which defines a region which is printed with the X-axis alignment pattern 133 and the Y-axis alignment pattern 134.X轴和Y轴校正图案133、 134是由交替的参考线135和测试线136组成的线对阵列。 X-axis and Y-axis alignment pattern 133, the line 134 is composed of alternating reference line and the test line 135 consisting of array 136.在子层130上还包括对比优化的图案131，稍后将参照16A和16B对其进行更详细的介绍。 On the sublayer 130 further comprises a contrast optimization pattern 131, 16A and 16B will be described later with reference to more detailed be described.滑架14包括用于扫描测试图案129的对准传感器系统132。 The carriage 14 includes means for scanning the test pattern 129 of the alignment sensor system 132.稍后将参照17A-17D对该系统132进行更详细的介绍。 It will be described in more detail with reference to the system 132 17A-17D later.[0120] 首先在建筑表面165上铺一层建筑材料而形成图案129。 [0120] First, the upper layer of the build surface 165 to form a pattern 129 supplies.然后打印头20被用于在建筑材料粉末层上打印增强对比子层130。 Then the print head 20 is used to print contrast-enhancing sublayer 130 supplies on the powder layer.通常，增强对比子层130提供参考背景，以在已打印层及其环境之间形成对比。 Generally, the contrast-enhancing sublayer 130 provides a reference background, so as to form a contrast between the printed layer and its environment.通常，希望通过使用与在稍后打印三维部分所使用的相同的粘合剂溶液执行校正操作（例如形成测试图案129)。 Typically, it is desirable to print by using the same binder solution at a later correction operation is performed using the three-dimensional portion (e.g., forming the test pattern 129).透明粘合剂具有一个特殊的问题，即由透明粘合剂在粉末上打印的图像难以从未打印环境中区分。 A transparent adhesive having a particular problem, i.e., the image is printed by a transparent adhesive on the powder is difficult to distinguish the unprinted environment.该问题可通过打印增强对比子层130来解决，尽管这不是必需的。 This problem can be printed by contrast-enhancing sublayer 130 to address, although this is not required.

[0121] 增强对比子层130被打印在尺寸足以布置整个校正图案目标（例如X轴校正图案133、Y轴校正图案134、对比优化图案131)的建筑表面165上。 [0121] The contrast-enhancing sublayer 130 is arranged to print on a size sufficient to target the entire calibration pattern (e.g., X-axis alignment pattern 133, Y-axis alignment pattern 134, the contrast optimization pattern 131) surface 165 of the building.在一些实施方式中，可使用例如品红或青色的暗色。 In some embodiments, it may be used, for example, dark magenta or cyan.可在该区域上进行一次以上的打印，以提高该颜色的暗度。 It can be printed more than once on the area, to increase the darkness of the color.然后，一层新的粉末在子层130上铺开，使该暗色模糊。 Then, a new layer of powder is spread on the sub-layer 130, so that the dark blur.当接着在该新层上用透明粘合剂打印图像时，已打印区域中的粉末是潮湿的，并且变得有点透明，露出子层130的暗色。 When followed by a new layer on the transparent adhesive printed image, the printed area of ​​the powder is wet, and becomes somewhat transparent, dark sub-layer 130 is exposed.在一些实施方式中，增强对比子层130及在其上铺开的粉末可共同被称为增强对比子层130。 In some embodiments, the contrast-enhancing sublayer 130, and spread on a powder may collectively be referred to as a contrast-enhancing sublayer 130.然后已打印区域将与其环境对比更为明显，以更容易由校正传感器系统检测。 Then the printed area more obvious contrast with its environment, in order to more readily detected by the alignment sensor system.[0122] 接下来在增强对比子层130上打印对比优化图案131。 [0122] Next, the enhanced printing on contrast optimization pattern 131 Comparative sublayer 130.在一些实施方式中，对比优化图案131包括由每个打印头20打印的已打印区域或目标143-146(见图16A)。 In some embodiments, the contrast optimization pattern 131 includes a print area or target for each print head 20 to print 143-146 (see FIG. 16A).接着校正传感器系统132确定共同形成对比优化图案131的已打印目标143-146和增强对比子层130之间对比最大的区域，以确定对比优化图案131的目标143-146中的哪一个（及其相应的打印头）相对于增强对比子层130的未打印区域141 (见图16A)具有最大的对比。 Next the alignment sensor system 132 determines the maximum contrast of the contrast optimization pattern 131 region of the target printed 143-146 and contrast-enhancing sublayer 130 together form, 143-146 to determine which target the contrast optimization pattern 131 (and its corresponding print heads) having the greatest relative contrast for unprinted areas 141 contrast enhancing sublayer 130 (see FIG. 16A).[0123] 整个操作中采用四种颜色的其中一种作为参考标准，并突出其它颜色相对于参考颜色的位置误差。 [0123] In the overall operation wherein the position error using the four colors as a reference standard, other colors and projecting relative to the reference color.在一个实施方式中，这四种颜色包括清色（已打印区域143)、黄色（已打印区域144)、品红色（已打印区域145)和青色（已打印区域146)。 In one embodiment, the four colors include color clarification (printed area 143), yellow (printed area 144), magenta (printed area 145), and cyan (printed area 146).理想的是采用与未打印背景具有对比最大的颜色作为参考。 Desirable to use unprinted background color having the maximum contrast as a reference.为此，用每种颜色打印目标，随后由校正传感器系统132检查。 For this purpose, with each printing target color, followed by the alignment sensor system 132 checks.可选择产生最小光电传感器输出的颜色。 Alternatively minimum photosensor produces a color output.

[0124] 图16A和16B更详细地示出了对比优化图案131。 [0124] FIGS 16A and 16B illustrate in greater detail the contrast optimization pattern 131.图16A是包括前述目标142-146的对比优化图案131的示意图。 16A is a schematic view of the target contrast optimization pattern 131 comprising 142-146.图16B示出了光源电流和光电传感器输出之间的关系（例如校正传感器电流）。 FIG 16B shows the relationship between the light source and the photo sensor output current (e.g., current sensor correction).当在照射在光电传感器上的光线增加时，其最终将达到一个水平，其中传感器输出接近最大值并变得不敏感以进一步增大光输入。 When increasing the light impinging on the photosensor, which will eventually reach a level close to the maximum output, and wherein the sensor becomes insensitive to further increase the light input.这种不敏感的状态通常被称为饱和，并且由图16B中的饱和区域147所表示。 Such a state is generally insensitive called saturation, and the saturation region is represented by 147 in FIG. 16B.传感器输出的成比例区域由图16B中的成比例区域148所表示。 It is proportional to the area indicated by the sensor output proportional to the area 148 in FIG. 16B.为了使传感器输出信号的信息内容最大化，理想的是在正常操作状态下避免使传感器饱和。 In order that the information content of the output signal of the sensor is maximized, it is desirable to avoid saturating the sensor is in a normal operating state.在3D打印机中使用的粉末在折射率方面可大范围地变化，在最大传感器照度上产生大的变化。 Powder used in a wide range of 3D printer may vary in terms of refractive index, a large change in the maximum sensor illumination.为了补偿这种效应，校正传感器组件被定位在建筑表面上的未打印区域142上方，并且感应未打印区域142 (见图16A)。 To compensate for this effect, the alignment sensor assembly is positioned on the upper surface of the building unprinted areas 142, 142 and senses unprinted areas (see FIG. 16A).通过光源的输出电流逐渐增加，直到传感器输出减小指示饱和。 By gradually increasing the output current of the light source, until the sensor output indicative of saturation is reduced.然后光源电流减小，以在成比例区域148内提供安全运行界线。 Source current is then reduced to provide a safe operation in the boundary region is proportional to 148.可选地，该光源电流可逐渐增加，直到达到预定的安全光电传感器输出。 Alternatively, the source current may be gradually increased, until a predetermined safety photo sensor output.[0125] 再参照图15，设置成彼此基本上成直角的两个基本上相同的线对阵列由X轴校正测试图案133和Y轴校正测试图案134组成。 [0125] Referring again to FIG. 15, two disposed substantially at right angles to one another substantially the same linear array X-axis alignment test pattern 133 and the Y-axis alignment test pattern 134 composed.在一个实施方式中，其中一个测试图案代表三维打印机10的慢轴打印体，而另一个测试图案代表三维打印机10的快轴打印体。 In one embodiment, wherein the test pattern representative of a three-dimensional printer 10 print the slow axis of the body, and the other test pattern representative of a three-dimensional printer body 10 to print a fast axis.通常，X轴校正测试图案133和Y轴校正测试图案134被依次处理，并且处理过程是相同的。 Typically, X-axis alignment test pattern 133 and the Y-axis alignment test pattern 134 are sequentially processed, and the processing is the same.通常，X轴校正测试图案133和Y轴校正测试图案134包括参考线135和测试线136。 Typically, X-axis alignment test pattern 133 and the Y-axis alignment test pattern 134 includes the reference lines 135 and test line 136.在一个实施方式中，参考线135由打印头20形成，其被确定为相对于增强对比子层130具有最大对比。 In one embodiment, the reference line 135 is formed by the print head 20, which is determined with respect to the contrast-enhancing sublayer 130 has a maximum contrast.下面参照图18、19A、19B和21A对这些线对进行更详细的讨论。 Referring now to FIGS. 18,19A, 21A, and 19B to discuss these in further detail on the line.[0126] 在一些实施方式中，为了确定对比优化图案131和增强对比子层130之间的最大对比，滑架14可包括例如发光二极管（LED)的光源137，其产生一束锥形光138。 [0126] In some embodiments, in order to determine the contrast optimization pattern 131 and the contrast-enhancing sublayer 130 between a maximum contrast, the carriage 14 may comprise, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) light source 137, which generates a cone of light 138 .可选地，该光源可以是激光器或灯，并且可使用多个光源。 Alternatively, the light source may be a laser or a lamp, and a plurality of light sources may be used.LED光源137照亮正检查的整个区域。 LED light source 137 illuminates the entire area being examined.在一些实施方式中，LED光源137是蓝绿色，以在已打印和未打印区域之间形成高水平对比。 In some embodiments, LED 137 is a blue-green light source, to form a high level of contrast between printed and unprinted areas.光学滤波器仅在包括LED输出的狭窄的波长窗口内使光透过。 The optical filter transmits light only in a narrow wavelength window includes an LED output.周围空间的光线具有较少的由滤波器透过的波长的光线，使得到达光电传感器的大部分光线由光源产生。 Space surrounding the light having a wavelength less light through by the filter, so that most of the light reaches the photosensor is generated by the light source.因而，该系统对周围空间光线的变化相对不敏感。 Thus, changes in the space around the system is relatively insensitive to light.

[0127] 在另一实施方式中，通过将光源137的输出调制到比所关心的信号的频率高得多而实现周围环境光线的不敏感性。 [0127] In another embodiment, the insensitivity is achieved by the ambient light source 137 is output to the modulation frequency much higher than the signal of interest.对光电传感器的输出电子地滤波，以仅通过调制光线的频率。 The output of the photosensor is filtered electronically, a modulation frequency only by light.这增强了系统对低亮度级的敏感性。 This increases the sensitivity of the system to lower the brightness level.一种可选的透镜能够增强该系统对低亮度级的敏感性。 An alternative to enhance the sensitivity of the lens system in the low luminance level.

[0128] 图17A-17D更详细地示出了校正传感器系统132。 [0128] FIGS. 17A-17D illustrate in more detail the alignment sensor system 132.在具体的实施方式中，系统132通常为打印头滑架14的一部分。 In specific embodiments, the system 132 is typically a part of the print head carriage 14.在具体的实施方式中，系统132安装在印刷电路板160上，该印刷电路板例如包括用于引导滑架14、使打印头20喷射并操作校正传感器系统132的逻辑电路。 In specific embodiments, the system 132 is mounted on the printed circuit board 160, which includes a printed circuit board, for example, for guiding the carriage 14, the print head 20 and the ejection operation of the correction logic circuit 132 of the sensor system.系统132通常包括光源137、光学传感器162、光线入口162、光电传感器163和光学透镜164。 The system 132 typically includes a light source 137, an optical sensor 162, the light inlet 162, photoelectric sensor 163 and the optical lens 164.光源137用于照亮测试图案129上的一个斑点，该斑点的直径与正在扫描的彩色线条的宽度大致相同。 The light source 137 is used to illuminate a spot on the test pattern 129, the spot diameter and the scanning width of the colored lines are substantially the same.光源137和光电传感器163可以都是聚焦或者未聚焦的。 The light source 137 and the photo sensor 163 may be focused or unfocused both.图17C-17D示出了校正传感器系统132的不同运行状态。 FIGS. 17C-17D illustrate the alignment sensor system 132 in different operating states.图17C示出了在建筑表面上由锥形光138照亮的区域166。 17C shows the area illuminated by the light cone 138 on the build surface 166.在一个实施方式中，光源用光照亮所关心的区域。 In one embodiment, the light source illuminates the region of interest.图17D中被照亮的建筑表面165上的感应区域142将光反射回光电传感器163。 FIG. 17D illuminated area on the sensing surface 165 of the building 142 reflects light back to photosensor 163.典型地，感应区域142相当于打印目标142-146或参考线135及测试线136的一部分，并小于被照亮区域166的面积。 Typically, the sensing area 142 corresponds to a portion of the print target or the reference lines 135 and 142-146 test line 136 and smaller than the area of ​​region 166 is illuminated.管状光线入口通道162将光电传感器的视野限制到小于被照亮区域的斑点上。 The tubular inlet passage 162 light field of view is limited to the photosensor smaller than the area illuminated spot.在一些实施方式中，光电传感器163可包括从打印表面的被照亮区域166检测表面光电压的能力。 In some embodiments, the photosensor 163 may include the capability of detecting a surface photovoltage from the illuminated area of ​​the printing surface 166.在其它实施方式中，系统132可包括光学透镜164，以将反射光汇聚在传感器163上。 In other embodiments, the system 132 may include an optical lens 164 to converge the reflected light on the sensor 163.[0129] 图18示出了图15的X轴校正图案133。 [0129] FIG. 18 shows the X-axis alignment pattern 133 of FIG. 15.X轴校正图案133和Y轴校正图案134基本上相同，除了这两个线对的取向基本上垂直以外，然而可选构造是预料到的，并且被认为落入本发明的范围中。 X-axis alignment pattern 133 and the Y-axis alignment pattern 134 is substantially the same, except for the orientation of these two pairs of substantially vertical, however, alternative configurations are contemplated and are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.如前所述，X轴校正图案133包括一系列参考线135和测试线136。 As described above, X-axis alignment pattern 133 includes a series of reference lines 135 and test line 136.通常，每条参考线135以与增强对比子层130相比具有最大对比的方式由打印头20打印，并且每条测试线136由剩余的三个打印头20的至少一个以相对较小对比的方式以交替的图案打印。 Typically, each reference line 135 compared with the contrast-enhancing sublayer 130 of the embodiment having the maximum contrast is printed by the print head 20, and each test line 136 from the remaining three print head 20 at least one contrast to the relatively small It prints the alternating pattern.由于在不同的实施方式中打印头的数目可以发生变化，在每条测试线136中相应的彩色条的数目也可发生变化。 Since the number of print heads in different embodiments may vary the number corresponding to the color bar also may vary in each test line 136.在一个示例性的实施方式中，参考线135可由透明的堆积材料形成，并且测试线136可以是依次重复的黄色、品红色和青色堆积体（d印osit)。 In one exemplary embodiment, the reference line 135 is formed of transparent material may be deposited, and test line 136 may be sequentially repeating yellow, magenta and cyan Accumulation (d printing osit).典型地，测试图案129由打印头20打印，以确定打印头20是否正确地校正。 Typically, the test pattern 129 is printed by the print head 20, the print head 20 to determine whether the corrected properly.假定打印头20理想地定位，打印测试图案129。 It assumed that the print head 20 positioned over the print test pattern 129.一旦测试图案129打印完，滑架14在测试图案129的表面上方驱动，并且校正传感器系统132扫描测试图案129的至少一部分，以确定测试线136与理想位置的偏差。 Once the test pattern 129 has been printed, the carriage 14 over the surface of the test pattern 129 is driven, and corrects at least a portion of the sensor system 132 scans the test pattern 129, the test line 136 to determine the deviation from the ideal position.然后扫描结果被用于校正任何识别到的误差。 And scan results are used to correct any identified errors.

[0130] 图19A-19B示出了通过测试图案的扫描斑点行进路径171。 [0130] FIGS. 19A-19B illustrate the path of travel through the scanning spot 171 of the test pattern.图19A示出了标称的X轴校正图案170。 FIG 19A shows the X-axis alignment pattern 170 nominal.当感应区域142在线对重复方向173的方向上经过已打印线条时，光电传感器163接收到由光源137发出的反射光。 When the direction of the sensitive region 142 to repeat the direction line 173 via line when printed, the photosensor 163 receives reflected light from the light source 137.彩色条的反射系数与未打印背景（在一个实施例中未打印背景是白色的）的不同，并且各个颜色的反射系数彼此也不同。 The reflection of the color bars unprinted background (in one embodiment, unprinted background is white) different, and the reflection coefficient of the respective colors different from each other.如图19B所示，目标的基本单元是线对，例如线对174，其包括单色参考线135和测试线136，测试线136包括由对称变化的短条191构成的阵列181，该条191包括第一彩色条176、第二彩色条177和第三彩色条178。 The base unit shown in FIG, 19B is a line on the target, such as a line 174, which comprises a solid reference lines 135 and test line 136, line 136 the test array 181 comprises a short strip 191 by a symmetric configuration changes, the article 191 Article 176 includes a first color, second color and third color bar 177 bar 178.可选实施方式可具有更多或更少的彩色条。 Alternative embodiments may have more or fewer color bar.总体上而言，彩色条176、177和178是测试线条136的组成部分。 In general, the color bars 176, 177 and 178 are part of the test line 136.该线对174在所示方向上周期性地重复，并且在例如参考线135的接连参考线之间具有恒定的间距（"P")197。 The line 174 is periodically repeated in the direction shown, and has a constant pitch ( "P") 197, for example, between successive reference line of the reference line 135.在图19B示出的实施方式中，线对174重复11次；然而，线对的数目将变化以适应具体的应用和/或所希望的精确度。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19B, line 174 is repeated 11 times; however, the number of lines to be varied to suit the particular and / or desired accuracy applications.[0131] 在一个实施方式中，扫描斑点沿着垂直于参考线135的行进路径横过线对174的阵列。 [0131] In one embodiment, the scan spot across the line array 174 in the path of travel along the vertical reference line 135.在图19B示出的实施方式中，完成目标检查需要33个扫描斑点经过。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19B, the need to complete the inspection target 33 via the scanning spot.示出了三个典型的扫描路径行进路径171 (见图19A)。 It shows three typical travel paths scan path 171 (see FIG. 19A).在一个实施方式中，彩色条176、177和178的宽度、条之间所预期的最小间距和扫描斑点的大小应该基本上相等。 In one embodiment, the width of the color bar, between the bar and the expected minimum pitch of the scanning spot size of 176, 177 and 178 should be substantially equal.图19B中示出的彩色条176、177和178在等于参考线节距P 197的0.5倍的间距左右对称地变化。 Color bar shown in FIG 19B and 176, 177 equal to approximately 0.5 times the variation of the symmetrical spacing of 197 178 reference line pitch P.示例性的短条被标为短条191。 Exemplary short strips are labeled 191 short strips.在一个实施方式中，变化增量（"S ")可典型地为300dpi或0. 007英寸的两个像素。 In one embodiment, the incremental change ( "S") may typically be 0.007 inches 300dpi or two pixels.三个短条的彩色条176、177和178的最上部一组的位置被名义上等间距地打印在两条参考线135之间。 Color bars 178 and the uppermost position of a set of three short bars 176 and 177 are nominally equal pitch between the two reference print line 135.随着阵列向下，三个彩色条176、177和178的组从中央位置以增加的量分开，例如+/_n S ，其中n为整数（例如1 S 、2 S 、3 S等）。 With the array down, three color bars 176 and 178 to increase the amount of the group is separated from the central location, for example, + / _ n S, wherein n is an integer (e.g. 1 S, 2 S, 3 S, etc.).参考线135和测试线136的宽度和节距被选择为使信号对比最优。 Reference line 135 and the test line width and pitch 136 is selected such that optimal comparison signal.这里所给定的尺寸仅为解释性的目的，而决不认为是限制性的目的。 The dimensions given herein only for illustrative purposes and in no way considered limiting purposes.

[0132] 图20A-20D示出了相对于单个扫描斑点行进路径171的校正操作的一个实施方式。 [0132] FIGS. 20A-20D illustrate an embodiment of a phase correction operation for a single scan spot embodiment 171 of the travel path.图20A和20B示出了单个扫描斑点行进路径171在滑架运动方向193上经过参考线135和测试线136。 20A and 20B shows a single scan spot travel path 171 via the reference lines 135 and test line 136 on the direction of movement of the carriage 193.当扫描斑点经过已打印的彩色条时，光电传感器接收到由光源137发出的反射光。 When the scanning spot through color printed, the photosensor receives the reflected light from the light source 137.彩色条的反射系数与未打印背景的不同，并且各个颜色的反射系数也不同。 Reflection coefficient different color bars unprinted background, and the reflection coefficient of the respective colors are different.图20C示出了传感器输出信号，其表示出与彩色条间距相关的强周期性和由于不同颜色反射系数的峰值变化。 FIG 20C shows the sensor output signal, which shows a strong correlation peak change periodically and reflection coefficient of different colors due to the color bar spacing.

[0133] 如图20D所示，任意信号可以表示为任意大量的正弦曲线的和，每个正弦曲线相对于固定标准具有恒定的离散频率、恒定的幅度和恒定的相位关系。 [0133] FIG. 20D, any signal can be represented as any of a number of sinusoids and, with respect to each of the sinusoids having a constant fixed standard discrete frequency, constant amplitude and constant phase relationship.取出信号的正弦成分的方法被称为傅立叶分析，通常的实际方法是使信号数字化，然后采用计算算法例如快速傅立叶变换（"FFT")。 Sinusoidal signal component is extracted is referred to as Fourier analysis, usually practical method is to digitize the signal, is then calculated using algorithms, such as Fast Fourier Transform ( "FFT").图20D示出在图20C中示出的信号的主要谐波成分。 FIG 20D shows the main harmonic components of the signal shown in FIG. 20C.这些成分的频率由布置在测试图案129上的几何约束所固定。 These frequency components are held by the test pattern 129 is disposed on the geometric constraints.每个成分的大小由颜色反射系数的不同以及可调节的彩色条相对于其中央位置的位移（"E")183(见图20B)所影响。 The size of each component and the color strips of different colors adjustable reflection coefficient of the displacement of the center position ( "E") 183 (see FIG. 20B) relative thereto affected.频率为参考条频率的三倍的谐波成分的大小增加了彩色测试条与理想校正位置的位移，并可用于确定位移的大小。 Three times the size of the harmonic components of the frequency of the reference frequency increases bar displacement the test strip color correction ideal position, and can be used to determine the size of the displacement.图20D是传感器输出的示意图，表示了空间频率和第一谐波峰值185、第二谐波峰值186、第三谐波峰值187、第五谐波峰值188。 20D is a schematic view of the sensor output, represents the spatial frequency and a first harmonic peak 185, a second harmonic peak 186, the peak 187 of the third harmonic, the fifth harmonic peak 188.第一谐波峰值185还可用于表示未校正的指示器。 A first harmonic peak 185 may also be an indicator for indicating uncorrected.

[0134] 图21A和21B示出了一个校正图案，其示出了在根据本发明测试图案的一个实施方式中的未校正。 [0134] FIGS 21A and 21B illustrate a correction pattern, which shows one embodiment of the uncorrected test pattern in accordance with the present invention.如上所述，图19A的校正图案被示出为其将由理想地校正的打印头20所打印。 As described above, the correction pattern shown in FIG. 19A are desirably corrected for by the print head 20 to print.图21A示出由未校正打印头20打印的校正图案。 21A shows the print head 20 by a print uncorrected calibration pattern.每个可调节彩色条（包括第二彩色条192)实际上被打印在偏离其名义上真实位置的位置。 Each adjustable color bar (including a second color bar 192) is actually printed at a position offset from its nominal true positions.为了使用这种校正图案来确定每个颜色的位置误差183，总共需要11个横过该图案的扫描，如图所示。 In order to use this to determine the position error correction pattern of each color is 183, a total of 11 scan across the pattern, as shown in FIG.每个扫描将产生如图20C所示的种类的信号。 Each scan will produce the kind of signals shown in FIG. 20C.对于这些信号中的每个，第三谐波的大小可从数字FFT或模拟滤波中取出。 For each of these signals, the third harmonic FFT size can be removed from a digital or analog filtering.尽管第三谐波的大小随着该未校正而确实地增加，该未校正只是该谐波的大小的一个组成部分。 Although the magnitude of the third harmonic as the correction does not increase, but a part of the harmonic magnitude of the uncorrected.一部分峰值是恒定的，并且取决于线宽/间距比。 Peak portion is constant, and depends on the line width / pitch ratio.一部分峰值是可变的，并且取决于颜色条在参考线135之间是否良好地居中。 Peak portion is variable, and depends on the color bar is well centered between the reference line 135.

[0135] 在第三谐波的大小最小的标称颜色条位移处确定能够提出这些其它组成部分。 [0135] In the minimum size of the third harmonic can be determined nominal make these other components of the color bar displacement.采集对于每个扫描所感兴趣谐波的最大值，例如第三谐波。 Maximum value for each scan is collected harmonics of interest, such as a third harmonic.通过将这些数据点的曲线拟合并确定该拟合曲线的最小点（见图21B)，可以确定该未校正是校正图案步进分辨率（st印resolution)的一部分。 By these curves were fitted to the data points to determine the minimum point of the fitted curve (see FIG. 21B), it may determine that the correction is not a part of step resolution correction pattern (st printing resolution) in the.例如如果所检查的打印头被理想地校正，拟合曲线的最小值将与零点的标称彩色条位移175 —致。 For example, if the checked print head is over corrected, and the minimum value of the curve fit zero nominal color bar displacement 175-- induced.

[0136] 最小值的位置产生准确的校正系数。 [0136] produce an accurate position of the minimum correction coefficient.在一个实施方式中，该校正系数用于改变打印头喷射信号的计时，从而改变打印头输出的位置。 In one embodiment, the correction coefficient for changing the printhead ejection timing signal, thereby changing the position of the print head output.特别地，该精确测量的未校正能够用作校正的几何偏移，使得打印头20或早或晚地"喷射"，使得机械未校正能够在打印期间自动地补偿。 In particular, the misalignment can be corrected as the geometric offset precisely measured, so that the print head 20 sooner or later, "injection", so that the mechanical misalignment can be automatically compensated for during printing.因而，能够实现非常高水平的打印精度，导致生产出尺寸精确的三维物体，即使使用多个打印头。 Accordingly, it is possible to achieve a very high level of printing accuracy, resulting in the production of dimensionally accurate three-dimensional object, even if a plurality of print heads.在一个实施方式中，在打印任何三维部件之前和/或在打印头替换之后进行该校正步骤。 In one embodiment, any three-dimensional element before printing and / or after the calibration step the print heads replacement.

[0137] 已经描述了本发明的某些实施方式，对本领域技术人员而言，很显然，在没有偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以使用结合这里所披露的原理的其它实施方式。 [0137] Having described certain embodiments of the invention, to those skilled in the art, it is clear that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention may be used in conjunction with other embodiments of the principles disclosed herein.所描述的实施方式在任何方面都应该是仅是解释性的，而不是限制性的。 The described embodiments in any way should be merely illustrative, and not restrictive.

2 2

Claims (29)

Translated from Chinese

一种用于维护三维打印机中的多个打印头的维修站，该维修站包括：清洁站，其包括：至少一个容纳部，其用于容纳打印头；至少一个喷嘴，其用于朝向所述打印头的打印头表面喷射清洁流体；擦拭器，其设置为紧邻所述打印头表面，以去除过多的清洁流体；以及防溅罩，其用于隔离所述打印头表面并防止所述清洁流体流到所述打印头表面之外；排出站；和覆盖站，其中所述防溅罩包括打开位置和密封位置，所述防溅罩被偏压打开并且通过与打印头接触而被从所述打开位置驱动到所述密封位置。 A method for maintaining a plurality of three-dimensional printer printhead service station, the service station comprising: cleaning station, comprising: at least one receiving portion for receiving the print head; at least one nozzle for the orientation printhead face of the printhead ejecting cleaning fluid; a wiper, which is disposed in close proximity to the printhead face for removing excess cleaning fluid; and a splash guard for isolating the printhead face and preventing the cleaning fluid flow to the outside surface of the print head; discharge station; and a covering station, wherein said splash guard comprises a sealing position and an open position, the splash guard is biased and opened by contact with the print head is from driving said open position to the sealing position.

2. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述防溅罩包括密封唇，所述密封唇在处于所述密封位置时环绕所述打印头表面。 2. A service station according to claim 1, wherein said splash guard comprises a sealing lip, the sealing lip surrounds the printhead face when in the sealed position.

3. 如权利要求2所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述密封唇大致为矩形形状； Maintenance station according to claim 2, characterized in that the sealing lip is generally rectangular in shape;

4. 如权利要求3所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述擦拭器由所述密封唇的一侧形成。 4. A service station according to claim 3, wherein said wiper is formed from one side of the sealing lip.

5. 如权利要求4所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述擦拭器包括凹口部分，所述凹口部分被构造成并定位成与所述打印头表面上的喷嘴阵列的位置相对应，以防止所述擦拭器接触所述喷嘴阵列。 Service station as claimed in claim 4, wherein the wiper portion comprises a notch, the notch portion being configured and positioned to the position of the nozzle array on the print head surface corresponding to prevent the wiper from contacting the jet nozzle array.

6. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述擦拭器能相对于打印头运动。 The service station as claimed in claim 1, wherein said print head wiper capable of movement with respect.

7. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，还包括流体源，该流体源用于在压力下将所述清洁流体提供到所述至少一个喷嘴。 7. The repair station according to claim 1, further comprising a fluid source, the fluid source under pressure for the cleaning fluid to at least one nozzle.

8. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述清洁流体通过歧管提供到所述至少一个喷嘴。 8. The repair station according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning fluid to at least one nozzle through the manifold.

9. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述至少一个喷嘴包括一个喷嘴阵列。 9. A service station according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one nozzle comprises a nozzle array.

10. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述至少一个喷嘴可设置成横跨所述打印头表面喷射所述清洁流体。 10. The maintenance station according to claim 1, wherein said at least one surface of the print head across the cleaning fluid ejection nozzle may be provided.

11. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述打印头可设置在滑架内，该滑架能够相对于所述维修站在至少两个方向上运动。 11. The maintenance station according to claim 1, wherein the print head carriage may be disposed within the carriage with respect to the service station at least two directions.

12. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述排出站包括容纳部，该容纳部限定一开口，该开口大致对应于打印头的打印头表面。 12. A repair station according to claim 1, characterized in that said discharge station comprises a receiving portion, the receiving portion defining an opening, the opening corresponding substantially to the printhead face of the printhead.

13. 如权利要求12所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述容纳部限定多个相应的开口。 13. A service station according to claim 12, wherein said receiving portion defines a plurality of respective openings.

14. 如权利要求12所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述容纳部包括用于进行收集和引导排出流体中的至少一个的托盘。 14. The maintenance station according to claim 12, wherein said receiving portion comprises for collecting and directing at least one fluid discharge tray.

15. 如权利要求14所述的维修站，其特征在于，来自所述打印头的排出物被引导到废液的贮液池。 15. The maintenance station according to claim 14, wherein the effluent from the print head is directed into the pool of waste liquid.

16. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述覆盖站包括： 打印头盖支架；禾口至少一个打印头盖，其设置在所述支架上，用于密封打印头的打印头表面，其中通过所述打印头与所述支架接触而使得所述盖在离开位置和覆盖位置之间移动。 16. A repair station according to claim 1, wherein said covering station comprising: a printhead cap carrier; Wo at least one printhead cap port, which is disposed on the carrier, the printing head for printing the seal head surface, wherein the print head through the contact with the holder such that the cap and the cover between a position away from the position.

17. 如权利要求16所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述覆盖站包括多个设置在所述支架上的盖。 17. The maintenance station according to claim 16, characterized in that the cover comprises a plurality of stations disposed on the covering of the stent.

18. 如权利要求16所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述支架被偏压成将所述至少一个盖保持在离开位置。 18. The maintenance station according to claim 16, wherein the stent is biased to cover the at least one holding position away.

19. 如权利要求1所述的维修站，其特征在于，所述排出站和所述覆盖站结合。 19. The maintenance station according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge station and the binding station coverage.

20. 如权利要求19所述的维修站，其特征在于，来自所述打印头的排出物被引导到废液的贮液池。 20. A repair station according to claim 19, wherein the effluent from the print head is directed into the pool of waste liquid.

21. 如权利要求20所述的维修站，其特征在于，来自所述打印头的排出物被限制在由打印头表面、打印头盖和废液的所述贮液池所限定的腔体中。 21. The maintenance station according to claim 20, wherein the effluent from the print head is limited by the surface of the printhead, the reservoir tank and the printhead cap waste cavity defined .

22. —种用于清洁打印头的装置，该装置包括：至少一个喷嘴，其用于朝向所述打印头的打印头表面喷射清洁流体；擦拭器，其可设置为紧邻所述打印头表面，用于从所述打印头表面上去除过多的清洁流体；以及防溅罩，其用于隔离打印头表面并且防止清洁流体流到所述打印头表面之外，其中所述防溅罩包括打开位置和密封位置，所述防溅罩通过与所述打印头接触被从所述打开位置驱动到所述密封位置。 22. - means for cleaning the printhead species, the apparatus comprising: at least one nozzle for the printhead face toward the print head ejecting cleaning fluid; a wiper may be arranged in close proximity to the printhead face, for removing the printhead face from excessive cleaning fluid; and a splash guard for isolating the printhead face and preventing the cleaning fluid from migrating beyond the printhead face, wherein said opening comprises a splash guard position and sealing position, the splash guard being driven to the open position from said sealing position by contact with the print head.

23. 如权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述防溅罩包括密封唇，所述密封唇在处于所述密封位置时环绕所述打印头表面。 23. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said splash guard comprises a sealing lip, the sealing lip surrounds the printhead face when in the sealed position.

24. 如权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述密封唇大致为矩形形状。 24. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that the sealing lip is generally rectangular in shape.

25. 如权利要求24所述的装置，其特征在于，所述擦拭器由所述密封唇的一侧形成，所述擦拭器包括凹口部分，该凹口部分被构造成并位于与所述打印头表面上的喷嘴阵列的位置相对应，以防止所述擦拭器接触所述喷嘴阵列。 25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said wiper is formed from one side of the sealing lip, the wiper portion comprises a notch, the notch portion being configured and positioned and said position of the nozzle array on the printhead face corresponds to prevent the wiper from contacting the jet nozzle array.

26. 如权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述擦拭器能相对于打印头运动。 26. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said print head wiper capable of movement with respect.

27. 如权利要求22所述的装置，还包括流体源，该流体源用于在压力下将清洁流体提供到所述至少一个喷嘴。 27. The apparatus according to claim 22, further comprising a fluid source, the fluid source for providing cleaning fluid to the at least one nozzle under pressure.

28. 如权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个喷嘴包括一个喷嘴阵列。 28. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said at least one nozzle comprises a nozzle array.

29. 如权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个喷嘴可设置成横跨所述打印头表面喷射清洁流体。 29. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said at least one nozzle may be provided across the surface of the print head ejecting the cleaning fluid.

Three dimensional object manufacture comprises forming adhesive coated particle layers on top of one another, subjecting each layer to ionizing particles before activating adhesive and smoothing with a blade