The current drought in California and the western U.S. are set in the framework of drought persistence, drought forecasting and reducing the consequences of droughts. During the fifteen year period from 1975-1990, six years have been significantly below average in precipitation and runoff in California and the western U.S. Reducing drought consequences can be achieved through an expanded use of ground water recharge during wet years and expanded ground water pumpage during dry years. Legal and institutional barriers are currently delaying an increased usage of this water management scheme.