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Abstract:

A laminated card is provided with manual input interfaces. Such manual
input interfaces may provide tactile feedback to a user. Laminated cards
may be provided as payment cards, identification cards, medical cards, or
any other type of card.

Claims:

1-19. (canceled)

20. A method of fabricating a card, comprising: providing a first layer
of polymer; providing a second layer of polymer: providing a flexible
circuit board on the second layer; providing a material including at
least one manual user interface between the first and second layers;
injecting a soft laminate between the first and second layers, the
material separating the laminate from the at least one manual user
interface; and hardening the laminate.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the shape of the material is one of a
cylindrical shape, a cubic shape and a rectangular prism shape.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the material is adhered to one of the
flexible circuit board, and each of the first and second layers.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein the soft laminate is in liquid form.

24. The method of claim 20, wherein the material provides an enclosed
cavity, and during the injecting a soft laminate, the soft laminate does
not enter the enclosed cavity.

25. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one manual user
interface is at least one of a mechanical switch, a capacitive switch and
a light switch.

26. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one manual user
interface is at least one of a dome switch, a piezoelectric switch, a
capacitive touch sensor and a light sensor.

27. A method of fabricating a card, comprising: providing a first layer
of polymer; providing a second layer of polymer: providing a flexible
circuit board on the second layer; providing a plurality of blocking
materials between the first and second layers; providing a manual user
interface between the first and second layers, and between the plurality
of blocking materials; injecting a soft laminate between the first and
second layers, the plurality of blocking materials separating the
laminate from the manual user interface; and hardening the laminate.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the blocking materials are adhered to
at least one of the flexible circuit board, and each of the first and
second layers.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the soft laminate is in liquid form.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the blocking materials, and the first
and second layers, provide an enclosed cavity, and during the injecting a
soft laminate, the soft laminate does not enter the enclosed cavity.

31. The method of claim 27, wherein the blocking materials, and the first
and second layers, provide an enclosed cavity, the at least one manual
user interface is a plurality of manual user interfaces, and the
plurality of manual user interfaces includes at least a mechanical switch
and a capacitive switch.

32. The method of claim 27, wherein the at least one manual user
interface is at least one of a dome switch, a piezoelectric switch, a
capacitive touch sensor and a light sensor.

33. The method of claim 27, wherein the blocking materials are adhered to
only one of the first and second layers.

34. A card, comprising: a first layer; a second layer on the first layer;
a flexible circuit board between the first and second layers; and a first
light sensor on the flexible circuit board.

35. The card of claim 34, comprising: a second light sensor on the
flexible circuit board.

36. The card of claim 34, wherein the first light sensor is electrically
coupled to the flexible circuit board.

37. The card of claim 34, wherein the first light sensor is one of
surface mounted to the flexible circuit board, wire-bonded to the
flexible circuit board and electrically coupled to the flexible circuit
board in a flip-chip configuration.

38. The card of claim 34, comprising: a processor coupled to the first
light sensor.

39. The card of claim 34, comprising: at least one light blocker adjacent
to the first light sensor.

[0002] This invention relates to magnetic cards and devices and associated
payment systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] A card may include a dynamic magnetic communications device. Such a
dynamic magnetic communications device may take the form of a magnetic
encoder or a magnetic emulator. A magnetic encoder may change the
information located on a magnetic medium such that a magnetic stripe
reader may read changed magnetic information from the magnetic medium. A
magnetic emulator may generate electromagnetic fields that directly
communicate data to a magnetic stripe reader. Such a magnetic emulator
may communicate data serially to a read-head of the magnetic stripe
reader.

[0004] All, or substantially all, of the front as well as the back of a
card may be a display (e.g., bi-stable, non bi-stable, LCD, or
electrochromic display). Electrodes of a display may be coupled to one or
more capacitive touch sensors such that a display may be provided as a
touch-screen display. Any type of touch-screen display may be utilized.
Such touch-screen displays may be operable of determining multiple points
of touch.

[0005] Laminated cards, such as payment cards, identification cards, or
medical cards, are provided any may be laminated in a variety of ways.
For example, a card may be laminated by applying multiple sheets of
laminate over each other and then fixing these sheets together via
pressure and temperature. Cavities may be formed by creating apertures in
each individual sheets. Components of a card may be placed in these
apertures (e.g., dynamic magnetic stripe communications devices). Manual
input interfaces (e.g., mechanical buttons and capacitive sensors) may be
placed on different layers such that such manual input interfaces are
closer to a particular surface of a card. Apertures may be made between
any two layers of a card and any component (e.g., dynamic magnetic stripe
communications devices or mechanical buttons) may be placed in such
apertures.

[0006] A soft laminate that later hardens may be placed over the exterior
layers of such multiple-layer laminates in order to provide smooth
exterior surfaces.

[0007] As per another example, lamination may be provided where a soft
material (e.g., a liquid) is injected between two polymer layers. The
soft material may harden between the two layers. For example, the soft
material may react with another material (e.g., a second soft material
injected between the layers) to harder. Accordingly, the electrical
components of a card may be completely surrounded and immersed by such
one or more soft materials (e.g., one or more liquids) such that that the
stability of the card is increased after the soft materials harden. In
providing a soft laminate (e.g., a liquid) that hardens, the soft
material may be provided between components that may otherwise not be
protected if an aperture is cut into layers. Accordingly, additional
laminate may be placed into a card--thus increasing the structural
stability of the card.

[0008] Manual user interfaces may be provided in cavities. In doing so,
for example, the manual user interfaces may be protected from the
lamination process. Furthermore, the manual user interfaces may be more
sensitive to receiving manual input.

[0009] Methods for forming cavities are provided. For example, a
cylindrical material having a manual user interface inside the cylinder
may be adhered at each end to a polymer layer. A soft laminate may then
be injected between the layers to form a card. This soft laminate may
then harden. The cylinder may, for example, provide an enclosed cavity
such that the soft laminate does not enter into the cavity.

[0011] Systems and methods are provided in order to increase the
sensitivity of various types of switches inside of laminated cards.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The principles and advantages of the present invention can be more
clearly understood from the following detailed description considered in
conjunction with the following drawings, in which the same reference
numerals denote the same structural elements throughout, and in which:

[0013] FIG. 1 is an illustration of cards constructed in accordance with
the principles of the present invention;

[0014] FIG. 2 is an illustration of a card having manual input interfaces
constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;

[0015] FIG. 3 is an illustration of a card having manual input interfaces
constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;

[0016] FIG. 4 is an illustration of a card having manual input interfaces
with mechanical feedback constructed in accordance with the principles of
the present invention;

[0017] FIG. 5 is an illustration of a card having a manual input interface
with mechanical feedback constructed in accordance with the principles of
the present invention;

[0018] FIG. 6 is an illustration of a card having a manual input interface
with optical feedback constructed in accordance with the principles of
the present invention;

[0019] FIG. 7 is an illustration of a card having manual input interfaces
including light sensors constructed in accordance with the principles of
the present invention;

[0020] FIG. 8 is an illustration of a card having manual input interfaces
including light sensors with light blockers constructed in accordance
with the principles of the present invention;

[0021] FIG. 9 is an illustration of a card having a manual input interface
located under a structural protrusion constructed in accordance with the
principles of the present invention;

[0022] FIG. 10 is an illustration of a card having a manual input
interface located under a structural trough constructed in accordance
with the principles of the present invention; and

[0023] FIG. 11 is an illustration of a card having a piezoelectric based
switch constructed in accordance with the principles of the present
invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] FIG. 1 shows card 100 that may include, for example, a dynamic
number that may be entirely, or partially, displayed via display 112. A
dynamic number may include a permanent portion such as, for example,
permanent portion 111. Permanent portion 111 may be printed as well as
embossed or laser etched on card 100. Multiple displays may be provided
on a card. For example, display 113 may be utilized to display a dynamic
code such as a dynamic security code. Display 125 may also be provided to
display logos, barcodes, or multiple lines of information. A display may
be a bi-stable display or non bi-stable display. Permanent information
120 may also be included and may include information such as information
specific to a user (e.g., a user's name or username) or information
specific to a card (e.g., a card issue date and/or a card expiration
date). Card 100 may include one or more buttons such as buttons 130-134.
Such buttons may be mechanical buttons, capacitive buttons, or a
combination or mechanical and capacitive buttons. Manual input interface
135 may be provided. Manual input interface 135 may include a cavity that
includes a switch inside of the cavity. Card 100 may be provided by
placing the electronics of card 100 between two polymer sheets and
injecting one or more liquid laminates that harden within a particular
period of time. For example, the one or more liquid laminates may react
with each other, the environment (e.g., air), or another variable (e.g.,
temperature) to harden.

[0025] Architecture 150 may be utilized with any card. Architecture 150
may include processor 120.

[0026] Processor 120 may have on-board memory for storing information
(e.g., application code). Any number of components may communicate to
processor 120 and/or receive communications from processor 120. For
example, one or more displays (e.g., display 140) may be coupled to
processor 120. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that components
may be placed between particular components and processor 120. For
example, a display driver circuit may be coupled between display 140 and
processor 120. Memory 142 may be coupled to processor 120. Memory 142 may
include data that is unique to a particular card. For example, memory 142
may include a user-specific and card-specific data (e.g., name and/or
account number).

[0027] Any number of reader communication devices may be included in
architecture 150. For example, IC chip 150 may be included to communicate
information to an IC chip reader. IC chip 150 may be, for example, an EMV
chip. As per another example, RFID 151 may be included to communicate
information to an RFID reader. A magnetic stripe communications device
may also be included to communicate information to a magnetic stripe
reader. Such a magnetic stripe communications device may provide
electromagnetic signals to a magnetic stripe reader. Different
electromagnetic signals may be communicated to a magnetic stripe reader
to provide different tracks of data. For example, electromagnetic field
generators 170, 180, and 185 may be included to communicate separate
tracks of information to a magnetic stripe reader. Such electromagnetic
field generators may include a coil wrapped around one or more materials
(e.g., a soft-magnetic material and a non-magnetic material). Each
electromagnetic field generator may communicate information serially to a
receiver of a magnetic stripe reader for particular magnetic stripe
track. Read-head detectors 171 and 172 may be utilized to sense the
presence of a magnetic stripe reader (e.g., a read-head housing of a
magnetic stripe reader). This sensed information may be communicated to
processor 120 to cause processor 120 to communicate information serially
from electromagnetic generators 170, 180, and 185 to magnetic stripe
track receivers in a read-head housing of a magnetic stripe reader.
Accordingly, a magnetic stripe communications device may change the
information communicated to a magnetic stripe reader at any time.
Processor 120 may, for example, communicate user-specific and
card-specific information through RFID 151, IC chip 150, and
electromagnetic generators 170, 180, and 185 to card readers coupled to
remote information processing servers (e.g., purchase authorization
servers). Driving circuitry 141 may be utilized by processor 120, for
example, to control electromagnetic generators 170, 180, and 185. Manual
input interface 192 may be provided. Manual input interface 192, or any
manual input interface, may include a cavity that includes a switch
inside of the cavity.

[0028] FIG. 2 shows cavities 210, 220, and 230. A cavity may be provided
in a variety of shapes. For example, a cavity may take a cylindrical,
cubical, tetrahedron, prism, cone, pyramid, spherical, semi-spherical
form, or any other three-dimensional shape (e.g., a three-dimensional
rectangle). Cavities may be formed in multiple ways. For example,
cavities may be cut into a card. A card may be cut (e.g., etched or
grinded) to a particular depth to form a cavity. One or more electrical
connections may be provided at that depth so when the card is cut, the
electrical connections are exposed. Components may be added to the cavity
to form a mechanical button using the exposed components. For example, a
dome may be provided with a contact on top of the interior of the dome
that bridges two electrical contacts exposed at the button of the cut
card. Accordingly, a user pressing down on the dome would connect the two
conductive contacts and allow an electrical signal to pass. A cover may
then be placed over the dome or, for example, the space above the dome
may be filled with one or more soft laminates that later harden to
provide a hard laminate.

[0029] Cavities may be formed while the card is being formed. More
particularly, a material may be placed (e.g., materials 231 and 232) to
form a cavity by prohibiting laminate material from getting inside of the
cavity. Accordingly, for example, one or more soft laminate materials may
be injected between layers 202 and 201 and be blocked by materials 231
and 232 from entering cavity 230. Manual input interfaces may be placed
in cavities. For example, a dome switch may be provided in the cavity. A
cavity may also take the shape of a cube or rectangular prism.

[0030] FIG. 3 shows cavities 310, 320, and 330 inside of hard laminate 390
and layers 301 and 302. Mechanical switch 311 is provided inside of
cavity 310. Mechanical switch 311 may include contact 312 and 313.
Accordingly, the closing of mechanical switch 311 may result in contacts
312 and 313 electrically coupling. In turn, for example, a current may
flow between contacts 312 and 313 (or a voltage may be held across
contacts 312 and 313). Alternatively, for example, any switch may be
similar to switch 399, where an electrical signal may communicate between
contacts 394 and 395 when bridged by conductive material 393. Such
electrical signals may be utilized as control signals (e.g., by a
processor). Board 303 may include, for example, the interconnect between
components.

[0031] Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a mechanical switch
may have several contacts. For example, two contacts may be provided
beneath contact 312 in order to increase the sensitivity of mechanical
switch 311. Mechanical switch 322 may be provided in cavity 320.
Mechanical switch 322 may include one or more contacts 321 and 323.
Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that mechanical switches may
be provided as dome switches or any other type of switch (e.g., flat
membrane switches). Any number of manual input interfaces may be provided
on any surface of a card. For example one surface of a card may include
five manual input interfaces while another surface of a card may include
one manual input interface. Different types of manual input interfaces
may be provided on a card. For example, one surface of a card may have
one mechanical switch and five capacitive touch sensors. The mechanical
switch may be utilized, for example, to begin sensing for manual input
from the five capacitive touch sensors. In doing so, for example, power
consumption is decreased while sensitivity is increased across the six
manual input interfaces. Cavity 330 may be provided by adhering laminate
blocking materials to both layers 301 and 302. Such a laminate blocking
material may take the form of, for example, a cylinder, cube, or
rectangular prism. A laminate blocking material may be adhered to one
layer of layers 301 and 302 and still provide a cavity (e.g., the
laminate blocking material may be provided as a semi-sphere having a
cavity inside. Mechanical switch 333 may be provided and include contacts
334 and 335. Multiple types of manual input interfaces may be provided in
a cavity. For example, a capacitive touch sensor may be provided in a
cavity. Multiple different manual input interfaces for receiving
different manual inputs may be provided in a single cavity (e.g., two
mechanical switches may be provided in a cavity).

[0032] FIG. 4 shows card 400 that may include, for example, manual
interface 410. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that one or
more piezoelectric components (e.g., piezoelectric components 441 and
442) may be positioned around a manual interface. Electrical signals may
be applied to components 441 and 442 to cause those components to
mechanically distort. Accordingly, components 441 and 442 may be
controlled via electrical signals to vibrate. Accordingly, a manual user
interface may detect the reception of manual input. This control signal
may be forwarded to a processor. In turn, the processor may cause
piezoelectric components 441 and 442 to mechanically distort or vibrate.
In doing so, a user may receive tactile feedback that manual input was
received by a manual input interface. Additionally, for example, a
piezoelectric switch may be provided. In this manner, a piezoelectric
component may be bent or compressed by a manual input. This compression
or bending may cause, for example, the piezoelectric component to produce
an electrical signal. The component may be coupled to a processor such
that the processor may utilize this signal to determine that the card has
received a manual input. Accordingly, the processor may perform a
function based on the manual input received. For example, the processor
may change the data communicated through a dynamic magnetic stripe
communications device as a result of receiving signals from different
switches and/or different signals from the same switch.

[0033] Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that an injected soft
laminate may be hardened in a number of ways. For example, a chemical may
be injected with the soft laminate such that the soft laminate hardens in
the presence of the chemical. A soft laminate may be hardened, for
example, via temperature and/or pressure changes.

[0034] FIG. 5 shows card 500 that may include, for example, polymer layers
501 and 502. Boards 510 and 530 may be provided with manual input
interface 505 placed between boards 510 and 530. A board may be provided,
for example, in FR4. A board may be non-flexible or flexible and may
include interconnections as well as terminals for receiving electrical
components. A board, for example, may be a multiple-layer, flexible
printed circuit board. A board may be a single layer, flexible circuit
board with printing on both sides of the single-layer. Piezoelectric
component 520 may be coupled to boards 510 and 530 to receive electrical
signals. For example, board 510 may provide a voltage to a contact plate
across one side of piezoelectric component 520 and board 530 may provide
a different voltage to a different contact plate across another side of
piezoelectric component 520. The rigidity differences between board 510,
board 530, and piezoelectric component 520 may direct kinetic forces onto
manual input interface 505 when layer 501 is pressed in the proximity of
manual input interface 505. Piezoelectric component 520 may comprise, for
example, one or more layers of piezoelectric materials sandwiched between
two layers of conductive material. Piezoelectric component 520 may be,
for example, a piezoelectric disk.

[0035] Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the height of card
500, or any card, may be less than approximately 30 to 33 thousandths of
an inch (e.g., less than approximately 33 mils). The height of layers 502
and 501 may be less than, for example, approximately 1 to 3 thousandths
of an inch (e.g., less than approximately 3 thousandths of an inch).

[0037] Light source 620 may emit, for example, light constantly or
periodically (e.g., light source 620 may blink). Alternatively, for
example, light source 620 may emit light constantly for a period of time
(e.g., under approximately 15 seconds such as approximately 10 seconds)
and then blink for a period of time (e.g. under approximately 20 seconds,
such as approximately 10 seconds). In doing so, for example, the amount
of power utilized may be decreased. Light source 620 may be, for example,
a light emitting diode. A source of electrical energy may be provided in
card 600 such as, for example, a battery (e.g., a lithium polymer
battery).

[0038] FIG. 7 shows card 700 that may include light sensors 710, 720, and
730. Light sensors 730 may detect manual input, for example, by detecting
the absence of light. For example, light sensors 710, 720, and 730 may
each provide a control signal back to a processor indicative of whether
the light sensor receives light (or an amount of light). The processor
may then determine whether light is sensed (e.g., by comparing an amount
of light to a threshold). If, for example, all three buttons sense light,
then light sensor may translate one of the buttons losing light (while
the other two buttons receiving light) as someone has placed their finger
over the light sensor. In doing so, a manual input interface is provided
based on light.

[0039] Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that components, such as
light sensors or light sources, may be electrically coupled to a flexible
printed circuit board in a variety of ways. For example, the components
may be electrically coupled using surface mount techniques, wire-bonding
techniques, and/or flip-chip assembly techniques. Multiple light sensors
may be placed within the vicinity of one another to detect the presence
of a finger. For example, two light sensors may be placed next to one
another. A processor may determine a light button has been activated
when, for example, both such light sensors fail to detect light or the
amount of light sensed by such light sensors is different, by at least a
particular amount, of the light sensed by other light sensors located in
the card.

[0040] FIG. 8 shows card 800 that may include light sensors 810, 820, and
830. Light blockers 811, 812, 821, 822, 831, and 832 may be provided.
Such light blockers may prohibit light from reaching light sensor 820
from particular angles. In doing so, for example, a light sensor may be
focused on a particular area of a surface of card 800. Person skilled in
the art will appreciate that light sensors and/or light sources may be
provided on both sides of board 801. In doing so, for example, a
processor may determine the amount of light reaching both sides of card
800. For example, the processor may utilize signals from light sensors to
determine when the card is located in an enclosed area (e.g., a wallet)
or is sitting against an object (e.g., a table).

[0041] FIG. 9 shows card 900 that may include protrusion 910 above manual
input interface 920. Protrusion 910 may be utilized to direct a person to
the place where a manual user interface is located as well as direct
force onto manual interface 920. Protrusion 910 may be, for example,
molded as part of card 900, pressed into card 900 (e.g., pressed behind
manual input interface 920, or cut out of card 900 (e.g., by cutting or
laser etching around manual input interface 910). Protrusion 910 may take
any shape. For example, protrusion 910 may be circular, rectangular, a
square, an oval. The top of protrusion 910 may be flat and may extend
from the surface at a card at substantially a 90 degree angle. The
topography of protrusion 910, however, may change with respect to height.
For example, protrusion 910 may have the shape of a pyramid or dome. The
height of protrusion 910 may, for example, extend the height of a card
that is approximately between 30 and 33 thousandths of an inch to
approximately 34 to 41 thousandths of an inch. Accordingly, the height of
protrusion 910 may be between, for example, approximately 1 thousandths
of an inch to 11 thousandths of an inch (e.g., less than approximately 4
thousandths of an inch). Protrusion 910 may allow a user, for example, to
locate a manual input interface without looking at card 900.

[0042] FIG. 10 shows card 1000 that may include cavity 1020 above manual
input interface 1010. Cavity 1020 may be utilized to direct a person to
the place where a manual user interface is located as well as direct
force onto manual interface 1010. Cavity 1020 may be, for example, molded
as part of card 1000, pressed into card 1000, or cut out of card 1000.
Cavity 1020 may take any shape. For example, cavity 1020 may be circular,
rectangular, a square, an oval. The bottom of cavity 1020 may be flat and
may extend from the surface at a card at substantially a 90 degree angle.
The topography of cavity 1020, however, may change with respect to
height. For example, cavity 1020 may have the shape of an upside-down
pyramid or dome. The height of cavity 1020 may, for example, reduce the
height of a card at the cavity to approximately between 30 and 33
thousandths of an inch to approximately 15 to 32 thousandths of an inch.
Accordingly, the height of cavity 1020 may be between, for example,
approximately 1 thousandths of an inch to 8 thousandths of an inch (e.g.,
less than approximately 4 thousandths of an inch). Cavity 1020 may allow
a user, for example, to locate a manual input interface without looking
at card 1000.

[0043] Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a card may have
both cavities and protrusions on either, or both, sides of a card.
Similarly, for example, manual input interfaces (e.g., mechanical or
capacitive button) may be provided on either, or both, sides of a card
(or other device). For example, buttons with cavities may be placed on
one side of a card while buttons with protrusions may be placed on the
other side of the card. As per one example, particular buttons on one
side of a card may be aligned with protrusions while other particular
buttons on that same side of the card may be aligned with cavities. For
example, a button that turns a card ON and OFF may have a protrusion
while other buttons for receiving manual input indicative of information
may have cavities. Similarly, a button may be provided with no cavity or
protrusion such that the surface of a card over a button lies flat with
respect to the rest of that surface of the card. Persons skilled in the
art will appreciate that a card or other device may be provided that is
flexible that includes a flexible electronic board, electronic
components, flexible buttons, flexible polymer layers, and flexible other
laminates. Indicia (e.g., letters, words, logos, pictures) may be
provided on either side of a card, on the top surface of a protrusion, or
the button of a cavity. Such indicia may be, for example, printed, laser
engraved, or embossed. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a
card may be a credit, debit, pre-paid, or gift card. A customer's name
and payment card number may be provided as indicia on a card (e.g., on an
obverse side of a card). Magnetic stripe data associated with the
customer (e.g., a payment card number and associated discretionary data)
may be communicated from a dynamic magnetic stripe communications device,
RFID, and/or IC chip that may be exposed on the surface of a card. Such
printing, laser engraving, and/or embossing may be provided, for example,
after a soft laminate utilized to form a card hardens. A dome switch may
be directly connected to a processor. Additional circuitry may be
provided between a dome switch and a processor.

[0044] FIG. 11 shows card 1100 that may include, for example, cavity 1130,
piezoelectronic component 1122, board 1101, bending structure 1121, and
bending structure 1123. Bending structures 1123 and 1121 may be utilized,
for example, to assist piezoelectronic component 1122 to be pressed at a
preferred angle. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that a
peizoelectronic component may be configured to produce an electrical
signal when compressed or may be configured to produce an electrical
signal when bent. Accordingly, structures may be added to assist in
compressing or bending one or more piezoelectric components in particular
ways when forces are provided on particular areas of a card.

[0045] Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate that the present
invention is not limited to only the embodiments described. Instead, the
present invention more generally involves dynamic information and manual
interfaces in devices and laminated cards. Persons skilled in the art
will also appreciate that the apparatus of the present invention may be
implemented in other ways then those described herein. All such
modifications are within the scope of the present invention, which is
limited only by the claims that follow.