Juvenile Osteoporosis

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that is also characterized by easily fractured bones. OI is usually caused by imperfectly formed bone collagen due to a genetic defect. OI is different from idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO) in the fact that a family history of OI is usually present and a person with OI often has short stature, dental problems, blue sclera (eye whites), and hearing loss.

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a progressive condition in which bone density is lost, or there is insufficient bone formation, thereby weakening the bones and making them more susceptible to fractures. Although much more common in older adults, especially women in menopause and after, osteoporosis can also occur during childhood. Most often, osteoporosis during childhood is caused by an underlying medical condition (the disease is then called secondary osteoporosis) or a genetic disorder (such as osteogenesis imperfecta). However, sometimes, no cause can be found and the disease is categorized as a very rare form of osteoporosis, called idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO).

What causes juvenile osteoporosis?

In children, the following causes may be attributed to the different forms of osteoporosis:

What are the symptoms of juvenile osteoporosis?

Persons with osteoporosis may not develop any symptoms and the disease, therefore, is often called "silent." However, children with the rare idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO) may develop lower back, hip, and foot pain. In addition, IJO is sometimes coupled with physical deformities, including abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine (kyphosis), sunken chest, or a limp. The symptoms of juvenile osteoporosis may resemble other bone disorders or medical problems. Always consult your child's doctor for a diagnosis.

How is juvenile osteoporosis diagnosed?

Diagnosis of juvenile osteoporosis is often not made until the child has a broken bone. In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for juvenile osteoporosis may include:

The effects of this disease can best be managed with early diagnosis and treatment. In secondary osteoporosis, treatment may include treating the underlying cause of the disease. Some of the methods used to treat osteoporosis are also the methods used to help prevent it from ever developing. Treatment may include:

Helping your child to maintain an appropriate body weight

Increasing walking and other weight-bearing exercises

Minimizing the amount of caffeine in your child's diet

Helping your child maintain an adequate intake of calcium through diet and supplements (vitamin D is also necessary because it facilitates the absorption of calcium)

Consult your child's doctor regarding a medication regimen.

In the case of idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis, treatment may not be necessary. IJO often resolves itself spontaneously. Nevertheless, managing the bone loss is important during a child's important bone-building years. Treatment for IJO may include: