This article seeks explicitar the reasons for the which, according to the optics of Roque Spencer Maciel of Barros, the university institution was created so tardiamente in Brazil. Starting from the liberal perspective, it tries to explain because we went by the colony and for the empire without university, that would only come to be created 45 years after to the proclamation of the Republic, when in Peru, for example, São Marcos' University, it was already created in the Century XVI, in 1551.