Seizure Disorder—Child

(Disorder, Seizure—Child; Epilepsy—Child)

Definition

A
seizure
is abnormal electrical activity in the brain. When 2 or more seizures occur, it is considered a seizure disorder, also known as epilepsy. While there are many different types of seizures, the main categories are:

Generalized seizure—activity occurs throughout the brain

Partial seizure, also called a focal seizure—begins within certain areas of the brain

Medication

There are many different kinds of medications to treat seizure disorder. The exact medication will be based on the specific type of seizures and symptoms the child has.
Anti-epileptic medications are a common option. In some cases, anti-epileptic medications may be used in combination.

Surgery

If medication does not work or the side effects are too severe, the child may need surgery. Surgery involves the removal of the area of the brain that starts the seizure. Surgery is only an option if the child has localized areas of the brain involved.

With VNS, a device is implanted in the chest to give electrical stimulation to the vagus nerve. This nerve runs from the brain to beyond the stomach. Stimulation can prevent or decrease the frequency of seizures. Medication may still be needed.

A ketogenic diet is a strict
diet. It is high in fat and low in carbohydrates and proteins. It keeps the body’s chemical balance in a state of ketosis. Ketosis decreases the frequency of seizures. Since children need proper nutrients, a dietitian will need to be involved.

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

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