In recent years, through a variety of international organizations and public aid agencies, efforts to strengthen health care systems of underdeveloped countries is being made. By integrating existing vertical health services approach and the horizontal approach through enhancing the health care system, the diagonal approach for the synergistic effect with an integrated approach has been suggested as an alternative. Currently, Korea is providing combination of short-term projects such as hospital ward establishment, equipment supply, a small number of personnel training programs to the recipient countries by their request. Therefore Korea's ODA should improve equity, accessibility and responsiveness in health care systems of the recipient countries by strengthening their health care services, health care workers, health care information systems, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, medical technology, finance, leadership and governance.