To link to the entire object, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed the entire object, paste this HTML in websiteTo link to this page, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed this page, paste this HTML in website

Daily Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1848), 1861-07-06

Daily Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1848), 1861-07-06 page 1

volume xxv COLUMBUS, OHIO. SATURDAY JULY 6, 1861. NUMBER 13. (Ohio $tnte goutnal. PRESIDENTS MESSAGE. Washington, Jun 6. FlLtOW-ClTlUKS Or IHK SuMATI AID HoUdl OF RgPRESEtTATIVES Having been convened on n extraordinary occasion, a authorized by tne Constitution, your attention la not called to any ordinary ubjeet or legislation. At the beginning of the present presidential term, four months ago, the funonons of toe Fed' oral Government were found to be generally suspended within the several Slates of South Carolina, Ueorgla, Alabama, Mississippi, Loo isiana, and Florida, exoepting only those of the fost Office department, within .these States the fjrts, arsenals, dock yards, custom houses, the like including the movable and stationary property in and about them, had been seized and were held in open hostility to the Govern ment, excepting only torts I'.ckens, Taylor and Jefferson, on and near the Florida const, and fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, South Carte una. The forts thus seised bad been put in approv- uo condition, new ones baa teen built, and armed forces bad been organized andwere or ganizing, all avowedly with the same hostile actual and immediate dissolution, trusting, as hereinbefore stated, to time, discussion, and the ballot box, for fical adjustment; and they assailed and reduced the fort for precisely the reverse object to drive out the visible authority of the Federal Union, and thus force it to immediate dissolution. That this was their object the Executive well understood: and having; said to them in the in augural address: "You can have no con Bio t without being yourselves the aggressors." he toon pains not ouly to keen this declaration good, but also to keep the ease so free fiotn the power of ingeniuos sophistry, as that the World should not be able to misunderstand it. -By tho affair at Fort Sumter, with its surrounding oiroumstance, mat point was reaobed, and thereby the assailants of the fort begun the coafliot or arms, without a gun in sight or In expectation to return their fire, save only the tew in tne rorr, sent to that harbor rears before. for their own protection, and still ready to give mat protection in wnaiever was lawful. In this act, discarding all else, thev have forced upon the country the destructive issue of immediate dissolution or blood, and this issue embraces more than the fate of these United States. It presents to the whole family of man, the question whether a Constitutional Republic or Democracy, a Government of the people, by the same people can or cannot maintain k; territorial integrity against lis own 'tmncbiio foes. It prasenis the question wbe'hu' uieoon tented individuals, too few in numbers to con trol administration according to organio Uw, in any case, and always npon the pretence made in tnis case, or on any other pretenoes, or arbi lion of the United States and the laws and treaties of the United States made in pursuance of the Constitution, to he for her the supreme law of the land. The States have their status in the Union. purpose. - their govemmt-ntrand ihnr prScCicaTTy purin Til fart ramalnlnir In In riMiaaa an a 11. t j . - ' ' . . - , a - f""""""'"-' ena to ires government upon tbe earth, federal Government, and near these States. . were either besieged or menaced by warlike l forces na to ask : ''Is there in all Republics preparations, and especially. Fort Sumter was ln" inherent and fatal weakness ? Must nearly surrounded by well protected hostile Pvernment of necessity be too strong for the batteries, with guns equal in aualiiv to liberties of its own people, cr loo weak to main- its own, and outnumbering the latter, per-1 laln own existence? So viewing the issue, haps ten to one. A disproportionate share 00 oboice was left but to call out the war power or tbe Federal muake ts and rifles bad somehow 01 ne government, and so to resist force em found their wav into these States, and hud han ployed fur its destruction by force for its pre. eeized, to be used against the Government. serration. The call was made, and the response Accumulations of tbe publio reveuue lying pf the country was most gratifying, surpassing wunin mem naa oeen seized ror tbe same object.!"1 u""""u.y ana spirit, tne most sanguine ex The navy was scattered in distant seas, loaving Flotation. Yet no one of the States commonly uuv b ydi-jt Buiaii part ui u wuuiu me unmeoi- ate reach of the Government. Olfioers of the Federal Army and Navy had resigned in great numbars, and of those resigning, large proportion of them had taken up arms against the Government, Simultaneously, in connection with all this, the purprse to sever the Federal Union was openly avowed. In IQ, accordance with this purpose, an ordinance had been adopted in eaoh of these States decla ring tbe States respectively to be separated iroui me national union, xor instituting a com' bined Government of these States a formula bad been promulgated, and this illegal organ ization in the charaoterof the Confederate States were already invoking recognition, aid and in lervention irom toreign powers, Seeing this condition of things, and believ tog it to be an imperative duty upon the in coming Executive to prevent, if possible, the consummation ot sucn on attempt to destroy the reaerai union, a onoioe or means to that end become indispeusible. The choice we mad was declared in the inaugural address. The policy chosen, looked to the exhaustion of all peaceful measures before a resort to any strong er ones, sougni only to Hold the pub ia places and property not already wrested from tne government, and to collect the revenue, re, lying for the rest on time, discussion and the oatiot oox. It promised a continuanoe of the mails at government expense, to the very people who were resisting tne government' and it nave re pealed pledges against any disturbance to any of the people or any of their rights, of alt which a President might constitutionally and justifiably do in such a oase. Everything was forboro, without which it was believed possible to keep the government on foot. On the fifth of March, tho present incumbrent 8 first full day in office, a letter of Major Anderson's, commanding i run Duuuer, written on tne zotn or rehruary, and received at the War Department on the 4th or March, was-, by tbat Department, placed in nis nanus, mis letter expressed as tho proles sional opinion of the writer that reinforce ments could pot be thrown into that fort in time for lis relief, rendered neoessary by the limited supply of provisions, and with a view or holding possession of the same, with a force of less than twenty thousand good and well aiscipiinea men. Ibis opinion was concurred in by all the officers of IiIb command, and their memoranda on the subject were made, and enclosed in Major nuuuDuu b icurr. iu wnoie was immediately laid before Lieut. General Scott, who at once coneurreu wun Major Anderson in this opinion. On reflection, however, he took full time for consultation with otherofficers, both of the army and the navy, and at the end of four days came reluotantly, but decidedly to the same conclusion as before. He also stated at tbe same time that no sufficient force was then at the control of the Government, or could be raised and brought to the ground within the time, before the provisions in the fort would be exhaust ed. In a purely military point of view, this re-duoed the duty of the Administration in the case to the mere matter of getting the garrison safely out of the fort. This could not be allowed, starvation was not yet upon the garrison, and ere it would be reached, Fort Pickens might be reinforced. This last would be a clear indication of policy, and would better enable the country to accept the evacuation of Fort Sumter, as a military necessity. An order was at once directed to be sent lor tne lunaing ot tbe troops from the steamship jjii.un.ijru iuiu ror. jricaens. mis order could not go by land, but must take the longest and lowest route by sea. The first return news from the order was re ceived out one week before the fall of Sumter. The news itself was that the officerj com- uiuuuiug iuo coumr, io wuicn vessel the troops had been transferred from the Brooklyn, acting upon some quatri armitlict of the late Adminis tration (ana or tbe existenoe of tho late Admin istratiou, up to tbe time the order wasdispatoh- ""ug ubu oniy ioo vague and uncertain rumors to fix attention,) had refused to land the troops to reinforce Fort Piokens before a orisis would be reaobed at Fort Sumter. This was impossioie, rendered so by the near exhaustion of provisions in the latter named fort. In precaution against such a conjunction, tho Gov ernment bad a tew days before commenced nra paring an expedition, as well adapted as might be to relieve Fort Sumter; whioh expedition was intended to be ultimately used or not, ac- ooruiug io circumstances, The strongest anticipated case for using it was now presented, and it was resolved to send it forward as had been intended in this contingency. It was also resolved to notify the Government of South Carolina that she might expect an at ten p1. would be made to provision tho Fort, and y. tha if the attempt should not be resisted, there 4oi 1 1 be no effort made to throw in men, arms, a ammunition, without further notioe, or in Wise of an attack upon the Fort. This notice was accordingly given; whereupon tbe fort was attacked and bombarded to its fall, without even awaiting the arrival of the provisioning expedition. It is thus seen that the assault upon, and the reduoiion of, Fort Sumter, was in no sense a matter of self defence on the part of the assail, nts. They well knew that the gat rison in the fort could by no possibility oommit aggression J? upon them. They knew they were expressly notified that the giving of bread to the few brave and hungry men of tbe garrison was all which would on that oocasion be attempted, unless themselves, by resisting so much, should provoke more. They knew tbat the government desired to keep the garrison in the fort, not to assail them, bnt to merely maintain visible possession, and thus to preserve the Union from ciiieu mavo Dtaies, exoept Veleware, gave a Regiment through regular state organization. A few regiments have been organized within some others of those States by individual enterprise, and received into the government service. Of course the seceded States, so called. and to which Texas bad been joined about the time of the inauguration, gave no troops to the cause of the Union. The Border Slates, so called, were not uniform in their action, some of them being almost for the Union, while in others, as Virginia, North Carolina. Tennessee and Arkansas, was nearly repressed and si lenced of power and propriety, before this matter was acted npon. The whole of the laws whioh were required to be faithfully executed were being resisted and failing of execution in nearly one third of tbe states. Must tney be allowed to noatty rati or ami tney bave no other legal status. If they execution? Even had it been perfeotly dear break from this, ihey can only do so against the that by the proper nseof tbe means necessary law by revolution. The Union and not them to their execution, some single law made in sncb selves separated, procured their indenendanca extreme tenderness of tbe citizen's liberty, that I and their liberty by conquest or purchase. The praoiicmy it relieves more of the guilty wan union gave each of tbem whatever Indian. of the innocent, should to a very limited extent dence and liberty it had. be violated. To state the question more di- The Union is older than any of the States rectly : and in fact it created tbem as States. Originally Are all the laws but one logo unexeented and some dependant colonies made the Union, and tbe government itself go to pieces lest that one in turn the Union threw off their old depend- be vindicated? Even in such a case, would not ence for them and made them Stutes, such as the officinl oath be broken, if the government they are. Not one of them ever had a Hint should be overthrown, when it was believed Constitition independent of tha Cnlnn. that disregarding the eingle law would tend to Of course it is not forgotten that all tha n preserve it? But it was not believed that this States framed their constitutions befora thov question was presented. It was not believed J entered tbe Union. Nevertheless, dependant uj ibw wm riuiaicu. i ujwu, ug preparatory io coming into tbe Union ; . - M . I n ,11.. it 1L.1 11.. I .. .. . - L I . I . II. 1 amo uruvisiuu ui iqb lyonsuiuuou mai ids i u'-yuMUBmoiT tne oiaies nave Ifia rtAWra mH privilege of the Habeas Corpus shall not be sue- rights reserved to them in and by the National pended, unless when in cases of rebellion or I Constitution; but among these surely are not luTBBiun, me puouo lately may require it, is I moiuucu an oonceivaoie Powers, hnwuvnr m i. equivalent to a provision mat sucn privilege umerous or destructive, known in the world at may te suspended wnen in oases of rebellion or I me time, as governmental powers. invi!ii,i! i!:c r-nhlto safety doee require it. It I And certainly a power to destroy the Gov- as rJfd'K'U that we have a ease of rebellion, I eminent itself had never been known as Got. ernmontal. Merely administrative power, this roiuiiTo matter or national power and State rights, as a principle is no other than the principle of generality and locality. Whatever eon-oerns the whole should be confided to the whole and tbat the public safety does require tbe qualified suspension of the privilege of tbe writ wnicn wasautborized to be made. Now it is insisted that Congress, and not (be Executive, is vested with this power. But the constitution ltsetr is silent as to wblcn or what to toe general Uonrnmtiii hii. k...u. trarily without any pretenoe, can break npjjsjg exirciaa-jhe powerrand ae the provision I concerns only (he stilted should be leftexclu- was plainly made lor a dangerous emergency, siveiy to tbe State, this is all there is of original it cannot be believed the fraiuers of the inslru- principle about it. ment intended that in every case, the danger Whether tbe National Constitution In d,flnln should run its course until Congress conld be boundaries between tbe two has applied tbe i-in:u lugciucr, mo Tory assemoung ot wnico cnuuipio wim exact accuracy is not to be q ti esculent be prevented, as was intended in this case I 'lened. We are also bound bv th.it rfi-fiin K I. - v -1 1 : 1 ; 1. . i. i ' . . o uj iug icudiuuu, iwivuvui, uvDiiuD. nun is now comoatted is No more extended argument is now offered, the position tbat secession is cnnniHtont as an opinion at some length will probably be (be Constitution is lawful aud peaceful. It ia preseuted by the Attorney General, whether pot contended tbat there is any express law for there shall be any legislation noon the subieot. it, and nothing should ever ha imnliml w and if any, what, is submitted entirely to the which leads to unjust or absurd consequences, better judgment of Congress. The nation purchased with mouey the ooun- The fovbearunce of this Government had . les .ut J wh.lon of these Slates were been so extraordinary and so long oonllnued, ormea- " it just that they shall go off without as to lead some foreign nations to shape their ,esve n( without refunding? The nation paid aotion as if tbey supposed the early destruction TeI7 Bun" (in lh i?l?regate I believe of of our National Union was probable. While . . ?re? lnllli0B) to relieve Florida of the this, on disoovery, gave the Executive some aoor'f5n' tribes. Is it just that she shall now concern, he is now happy to say that tbe sov- 6 " ""u' ouoocui, or witnout making any Afuiffiilv nnrl fiahffl nf thtt ITnilml Qlal-i. aM I f6IUm , .... Th llBll'nn I, N... J.Ll f . . now every wncre practioabiy respected by for- r T u ucui ior mouey applied eign powers, and a general sympathy with the 1 ,ne benent of thes so-called seceded Siates, couutry is manifested throughout the world. ln 00.mmon wi,n the jest. Is it just either that Tbe reports of the Secretaries of the Treasu- X ""' u uupaiu, or tne remaining ry, War and the Wavy, will give tbe informa- . , ,"' lu", WU0'8 PB" 01 1118 present na tion in detail deemed necessary and convenient v0" ,2, , wa' "tracted to pay the old foryour deliberation and aotion, while the exe- . 8 of Te"" Ieitjustthat she shall leave cutive and all the departments, will stand P n P" or ibis herself ? rpAiltf In ftiinrilv nmiaainna ir In nnmmnntiai. I Again, if One State, may BCCede. 80 may Ann, new faots considered important for vou to know. fher; an1 wnen 11 nl" ''Te "eooded none is it is now recommended that you give the " " vj y ucuio. uus quite just to oredi- in this, the government's hour of trial, large numbers of - those in the army and navy who bave been favored with the offi ces, nave resigned and proved false to tbe land which had pamrierad ihrm Not one common soldier or common sailor is known to bave deserted his flag. Great honor is due to those officers who bave remained true despite tbe example of their treacherous associates. But the greatest honor and most impor-tant fact of all is the unanimous firmness of tbe common soldiers and common sailors, to the last man. So far at known they have successfully resisted the traitorous efforts of those whose commands but an hour before they obeyed as u?uiuie law. This is the Patriotic instinct ot nlaln r.nnnU They understood without an argument, that the destroying of the Government which was made Py " asbington means no arood to them. Our popular Government has often been call ed an experiment. Two points in it our people ub aircaay settled: me suocessful establishing and the suocessful administering of it. One still remains: its successful maintenance against a lurmmaoie, internal avowed attempt to over-throw it. It is now for tbem to demonstrate to tne world that those who can f.iirly carry an eleo. tion, can also suppress a rebellion; that ballots are tbe rightful and neaoaful imiesnrnf h,.l lets, and that when ballots have fairly and con. stitutionally decided, there can be no auocaaful appeal back to bullets; tbat there can be no successtul appeal except to ballots themselves at succeeding elections. Such will be a great lesson of peace, teaching men what tbey cannot take by an election, neither can they taka it by war; teaching all the follies of being the beginners of war. Lest there be some nncasineas in the mtnria nf candid men as to what is te be the course of the uoternment towards the Southern Slates, after the rebellion shall have been suppressed, tbe Executive decms it proper to say it will be his purpose then, as ever, to be guided bv the cnn. stitution and the laws, and that he probably will Letter from Vlcktbau-ffi Mia. The following ia an extract of a letter from Vicksburg, Miss, dated June 16; "Our Southern cities, and espeoiallv Vinka. t .... ... - uurg, can oe compared very wen to a steamer on tbe Mississippi, whose bottom is perforated by a thousand holes, which is perceptibly and rapidly going under. There , is no business doing. 'I be shelves are bare; the merchant lolling on the counters. There ia no money, no orvuii, ana provisions scarce and dear. If the war continues, this whole country will be over- wuoiweu in Danaruptoy and ruin. There is no money in tbe eountry. To suonlv the deficiency j. uciraj in expenses or tne uovernment, and to support the army, we have resorted to the issue of Confederate bonds, whioh, if the blockade is effectual, will, I am afraid, be equal to the old Continental money. Our negroes bring us In very little. It is almost impossible to get employment at any price. Thousands have enlisted in tbe army merely for a annnnrt All the Irish thrown out of employment on railroads have been compelled to join for a living. Everything from two veers old nn ia drilling i for soldier. The only bustle in our oity it nuiu uis soiuiery arming and coming and going. The season has been ouita favorable. .j f : . i i . . . . uu iruu id aounuanse. I im in hni we shall not perish for want of food, although many must Buffer. Our prospect appear gloomy and sad. . Whatever may be the result oi mis war, i nave never been able tn .nv good likely to come . to us from Secession, bill, on the contrary, I believe if ear iselepeadence Is actuowieugea.u will oe tne commencement of the aDoittion or slavery. How can Missouri, Kentucky or Maryland retain their il VAM if IllA uoe is drawn between them and foreign eountry? Tbey must inevitably bsnnmn fr... Kiai.. in turn tne next tier of States, and so on. It may oe gradual, but certain. To keep the peace it will reauire a standi army of two hundred thousand men. The expense for the support of these, with the war COXGBESSIOXAX. nave no different understanding of the laeDt "'"aoy nd to be inourred, wjll entail on powers and duties of tbe Federal Government I . "nu ,ut generations several hundred mil- eiaiive to the right of tbe States and the peo- I 'ous" "n i""" o we gain? A disruptured The course taken in Virginia was the most remaritanie perhaps tbe most important. A convention, elicited by the people of that Stale. to consider this very nuestion of disruntincr the Federal Union, was in session at the oapital of it: i r- . r-i . ... . . tirgiuia wuen rori. oumier ieu. 10 tnis nody the people had chosen a large mnjority of professed Union men. Almost immediately after tne tan ot Sumter, many, members of that ma jority went over to the original disunion minor ity, and with them adopted an ordinance for withdrawing tbe State from the Union. Whether this change was wrought bv their great approval of the assault upon Sumter, or me great resentment at tne uovernment s re sistanoe to that assault, is not definitely known. Although they submitted the ordinance for ratification, to a vote of the people, to be takon ou a day then somewhat more than a month distant, the Convention and the Legislature which were also in session at the same time and place, with leading men of the State, not members of eithor, immediately commenced aoting as if the State were already out of the Union. They pushed military preparations vigorously forward all ovor the Btate. Xhey seized the United States Armory at Ilarper's Ferry and the Navy Yard at Gosnort near Norfolk. They received, perhaps invited into their 8tate, large bodies of trooos with meir wai-iiKe appointments, troin tbe so-called . . 1 a... mi " i. . . seucucu outii-n. iney lormauy entered into a treaty or temporary allegianoe and co-operation with the so called Confederate States, and sent memrjers to their congress at Montgomery; nnd finally, they Derm it tod the in.ourrvntinnarir fir.. ernment to be transferred to their Capital at Richmond. The people of Virginia have thus allowed this great insurreotion to make us nest within her borders, and this Government has no choice left. but to deal with it where it finds it, nnd it has tne less regrot as tne loyal citizens have in due form claimed its protection. Tbose loval cki. ens this Government is bound to recognize and protect, as being in Virginia. In the border States iso called, in fact the middle Stales) there are tbose who favor a pol icy which they call armed neutrality, that is, an arming of those States to prevent the Union forces passing one way, or the disunion the oth. er, over their soil. This would be disunion comololed. Fisura. lively speaking, it would be the building of an impassable wall along the line of separation ; and yet not quite an impassable one, for under the guise of neutrality it would tin thn hnn.ia of Union men, and freely pass supplies from among them to the insurrectionists, which it could not do as an open enemy. At a stroke it would taxe a a tne trouble off the bands of seces sion, except only wlml proceeds from the ts.u-r-nal blockade. ' It would do for the disunionists. thai whtnh of all things they most desire feed them well, and give tbem disunion without a struggle of their own. It recognizes no fidelity to the Con-stitution, no obligation to maintain Union, and while very many who have favored it are doubtless loyal, it is nevertheless very injurious in enect. . Keourring to tbe aotion of tbe Government, it may be stated, that at first, a call was made for 70,000 militia, and rapidly following this a proclamation was issued for closing the ports ui uio lUBurreououary districts by proceedings in the nature of blockade. So far all was be lieved to be strictly legal. It was believed, however, that to so abandon that position under the circumstances, would be utterly ruinous; tbat the necessity under which it was io oe uone wouia not be fully understood; lout oy many it. would oe construed as a nart - .i . . . . . oi voluntary puimy; mat at nome it would discourage the friends of the Union, embolden its adversaries; and go far to ensure to the latter a recognition abroad; that in fact it would be our national destruction consummated. At this point the insurrectionists announced tbeir purpose to enter upon the praotice of privateering. Other calls were made for volunteers to serve three years, unless sooner dis charged, and also for large additions to the regular army and navy. These measures, whether strictly legal or not, were ventured upon under what appeared to be a popular demand, and a public necessity, trusting then at now, that Congress would readily ratify them. It it believed that nothing has been done beyond the Constitutional competency of Congress. Soon after the first call for militia, it was considered a duty to authorize the Commanding General, ln proper cases, according to his discretion, to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, or in other words, to arrest and detain without resort to the ordinary process and forms of law, suoh individuals as he might deem dangerous to the publio safety. This authority has purposely been exercised but very sparingly. rieverthelesa the legality and nronriely of what has been done under it are questioned, and the attention of the country his. been oalled to the proposition that one who is sworn to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, should not himself violate them. Of oourse tome consideration wat given to the quealiont legal means for miking this oombat a short . ia W6 ratlf7 thenj " this sage view of and dectsivo one; that you will place at the 1 "u ,""r,eu tne'r money r ir we control of the government for the work . recoem" tn dootrine by allowing Ihe se oedera to go in peaoe, it is difficult to see what we can do, if others ohoose to go or to extort terms upon whioh they will promise to remain. Theseceders insist thatourConslitution admits of secession. They have assumed to make a National Censtitution of their own, in whioh of necessity, they have either discarded or rei ainpri the right of seoession, wbiohthey insist, exists in uura. It they bave discarded il, Ihey thereby ad mit mat or prlnoiple it oueht not to h in ours, ir tney have retained it. brthcirnm onj.rucuon oi oivs tney uiow thai to be cou sistent tney must secede from one another whenever they shall find it the easiest way ol settling their debts or affeoltng any other sel- usu ur unjust oojeoi. The prinoiple itsolf is one of disintegration ana upon wbioh no government oan possibly mums, xi nn iuo siaies savo one shou d as from the couutry, leaves no doubt that tbe ma- am toa power to drive that one out of the . : i i- . t , i i . .. . lTT;An!tt- i . i , , , lenm ior u.e worn is auiiDaanr, ana that it v "" " i"umeu mo wuoie class or seceder needs only the hand of legislation to vive It poliuotant would at once deny the power and legal sauotion, and the nana of tbe Executive "enounce me act at the greatest outrage upon to give it practical shape and efficiency. State rights. But suppose tbat precisely the une oi tne greatest perplexities of the Gov. instead ot oetng called driving ihem ernment is to avoid receiving troops faster than I out snould be oalled the seceding of tho othors provided for; that, in a word, the people will 'rom tnttt one- would be exaotly what the at least four hundred thousand men and four hundred millions of dollars. Tbat number of men is about one tenth of tbose of proper ages within tbe regions where apparently all are willing to engage, and the sum is less than a twenty-third part of the money value owned by the men who seem ready to devote the whole. A debt of six hundred millions of dollars now is a less sum per head than was the del t of our Revolution when we came out of thai struggle, and the money value in the country now bears even a greater proportion to what II was then than does the population. Surelv. each man has as strong a motive now to preserve our liberties as eaoh had then to establish them. A right result at this lime will be worth more to the world than ten times the men and ten times the moneyl The evidence reaching us pie under the Constitution than expressed in inaugural address. He desires to preserve the government tbat it may be administered for all as it was admiuistere i by the men who made it. Koyal, citizens bave the right to claim this of their government, and the govern ment nas no right to withhold or negleot it. It is not perceived that in giving it there is any wc.viuu, nujr vuoquesior any supjugation, in . jum, bvudv oi mese terms The Constitution provides, and all the Slates have accepted the provision, that the United States shall guarantee to every Rmta tn tht Union a republican form ot government; but if cuim ui,- jawiuuy go out ot tbe Union, having done so, it may also discard the republican lorm or government: so that to prevent its m. ing out, all indispensable means to the end of maiuiaining me guaranty mentioned, when an end is lawful and obligatory, tbe indispensable means to it are also lawful and obligatory. . It was with the deepest regret that thn Fr ecutive found the duty of employing the war power in defence of the government forced npon him. He oould but. perform hit dmv or nr. render the existenoe of the government. No compromise by publio tervanta nnnlil In this case be a cure; not that comnaemisea am not oi ten proper bu t that no popular Govern- Government, entitled to no respect at home orf ouiuau a panoersnip oi states, a rope of Ban lloKIa tn k- I i . ..v.v .v us ooTvreu ai any moment by any disaffected State any State oaDabla nf HiaMn. nulling any law whioh does not exactly please Muoh anxiety felt for the result of the first two or mree important battles to be fought i urgiuie, us Having great influence on the oouniry ior good or ill. Scott's great military skill U muoh feared, although great confidence is placed in Davis. Some complaint it made aguiuatuie Virginia soldiers for their retiring as they express it, before the Federal troops so nrlAti SENATE. Wasbinotos, July 4 The Senate was called to order by tbe Vice President at noon. Tbe Senators present were Messrs. Anthony, Bayard, Bingham, Breckinridge, Blight, Chandler, Clark, Collamer, Cowan, Dixon, Doolittln. Fea- eenden, Foot, Foster, Grimes, Hale, Harlan, Harris, Howe, Johnson, of Tenn.. Kennedy. King, Lane of Ind, Latham. Morrill Neamitb. Pea roe, Polk, Powell, Salisnury Sherman. Sim mons, Sumner, Ten Eyck, Thompson, Trumbull, Wade, Wilkinton and Wilson. Mr. Grimet presented the credentials of Mr. Lane, Senator from Kansas, who took the oath. Mr. Dooltttle presented the credentials of Mr. Pomeroy, Senator elect from Kansas. Mr. 1 rum bull presented the credentials of Mr: Browning, Senejer from Illinois, to fill the va cancy occasioned by the death of Douglas. flir. Latham presented tbe credentials of Mr. McDougall of California. Mr. Pomeroy drew the long term for Kansas. and Mr. Lane tbe short. The resolution for eleotiou of Sergeant at Armt was laid over. Mr. Hale offered a resolution asking the Secretary of tbe Navy to send oopies of all oontraott be has made to the Senate. Passed Mr. Wilson gave notioe that be would offer tomorrow, a bill to ratify and oonfirm oontraott of the President, for the suppression of insurrection and rebellion. The following bills were iutroduce d : Bill to authorize the employment of volunteers lo aid in enforcing tbe laws and nrateciino- publia property. Bills to Increase the present military establishment of the United States. Bill providing for the better organization nf the military establishment. Bill to promote efficiency of army. Bill for the organization of a volunteer militia force, to bo oalled the United States National Guard. The Clerk read Dickens' resignation as Sec retary. The Senate then adjourned. Willi on Llnoolu. Mr. Willis write from Washington to (his week t Jlomt Journal The President, of course, fa nhf In h Iuv.. ii.h . . " "wbui upon urirent nnmnana in ih... uay ; out onance gave me a very pleasant exchange of a few words with him last evening Passing aoross the interior hall of Ihe White nuuse, towara the drawino-.rnnm h M Linooln wat to be at home to a few friends! without oeremocy. I met thn hif mi.t-..,. " w7 iroin me save their government, if the government itsel will do its part only indifferently well, might seem at first thought to be of little differ ence whether tbe present movement at the south be called secession or rebellion. The movers, however, well understood the difference at the beginning. They knew they could never raise their treason to any respeotable magnitude bv u:u i - i: wuy uuuiv nuiuu iiuput'9 Tiuittlion 01 law. ihey knew their people possessed as muoh moral sense, as much of devotion to law and order, and as much pride and levcrence for the history aud government of tbeir common couti try, as any other civilized and patriotic neonla They knew they could make no advancement directly in the teeth of these strong and noble sentiments. Accordingly tbey commenced by an insidious aooaucning ot tne puouo mind. They invented an ingenious sophism which, if conceded, was followed by perfeotly logioal steps, through all Ihe incidents to the complete destruction of the Union. Tbe sophism itself is tbat any mate or tbe Union may consistently with the National Constitution, and therefore lawfully and peacefully withdraw from the Union without the consent of the Union, or of any oiiiei oiaio. iue frail disguise that the supposed right is to be exercised only for a just cause, because they themselves are to be tbe sole judges of lis justice, is too thin to merit any notice. With rebellion thus sugar coated, they have been drugging the publio mind of their seotion for more than thirty years, until at length they have brought many good men to a willingness to take up aims against the government, the day after some assemblage of men have enacted the faroical pretence of taking tbeir State out of the Union, wbo oould have been brought to no suoh thing the day before. This sophism derives much, perhaps the whole, of its currency from the assumption that there is tome omnipo tent ana eucrea supremacy pertaining to each State of our Federal Union. Our States have neither more nor less power man mat reserved to ihem ln tbe union by the constitution, no one or them ever having been a State out of the Union. The original ones passed into the Union even before they csst off their uniish colonial dependence, and the new ones each came into the Union directly from a condition of dependence, except Texas; and even Texas in its temporary independence, wat never designated a State. The new ones only took the designation of Mates on coming into tbe Union, while that name was firet adopted for the old ones in and by the Colonies, which were declared to be free and independent States; but even then the ob ject plainly was not to declare their indepen dence of one another, or of tbe Union, but di rectly the contrary, as tbeir mutual pledge and tbeir mutual actioa before, at the time, and afterwards, abundantly shows. Tbe express plighting of faith by each and all of theorlgi. nal thirteen in the Articles of Confederation. two years later, that ihe Union shall be perpetual, is most conclusive. ' ' Having never beeti States, either In substanoe or in name, ontside of the Union, whence this magical omnipotence of State rights, asserting a claim of power to lawfully destroy tbe Union itself? Much is said about the sovereignty of the States, but the word even is not in the National Constituiion, nor, as is believed, in anv of tbe State Constitutions. What it a tover-eignty in tbe political sense of the term? Would it be far wrong to define it as a nohtiool community wiihout a politioal superior? Tested by this, no one of our States, except Texas, ever was a sovereign, and even Texas gave up the charaoter on coming into the Union by which act the acknowledged the Constilu- secedors olaim to do; unless, indoed, they make me- poini inai me one, oecause it Is a minority, may rightfully do what the others, because they are a majority, may not rightfully do. Though the politicians are subtle and profound on rights of minorities, they are not partial to that power which made the Constitution, and C"" irom me preamoie, calling itself "we. the people." B ' It may well be queslieued whether there is to-day a majority of legally qualified voters of any oiaie, exoept, perhaps, South Carolina, in favor of disunion. There is much reason to believe that the Union men are in the majority in many, If not every other one of the an.o.nllp.l seceded States. The contrary has not been dm. onstrated in any of them. I will venture to affirm this, even nf Virginia and Tennessee, for the result nf an nlonlinn held in military camps where tbe bayonets are all on the one side of the Question voted unon. oan scarcely be considered as demonstrating the popular sentiment. At such an election all that large class who are at onn fnr ihi Onion and against Coeroion. would be coerced to vole against the Union. It may be affirmed without extravagance thai the free institutions we enjoy have developed powers and Improved the condition of our whole people beyond any example in the world. Of this we now bave a striking and an unnres. sive illustration. So large an army as the Government has now on foot, was never before known, without a soldier in it but who has taken his place thereof his own free choice. But more than this, there are many sinor1 regiments whose members one and another possess full praotioal knowledge of all arts, sciences, professions and whatever else whether useful or elegant, is known in the world, and there is soarcely one from which thr i-miM not be eeleoted a President, a Cabinet, a Congress, and perhaps a Court, abundantly competent to administer the Government itself I Nor do I tay this is not trim aim In tho ..m. of our late friends, now adveisaries in this oontest. But if it is, to much better the rpflunn why the government which has conferred mnh benefit on both them and us, should be broken up. tPA.rnnm tn hla mAR-a ment can long survive a marked nrcmilnni th. i Evidently thinking that I was in crch nf him! those who carry an election, can only save the sel ne l0PPedi shook hands, and looked In- uovernment troni immediate destruction, by giving up the main point upon whioh the people mi ciwiiun, r im people tnemseives and not their servants oan safely reverse their own deliberate die cuesions As a private citizen, the Executive could not nave consented that their institution! should perish ; much less could he have betrayed so vast and so sacred a trust at these free people had confided in him. IIo felt that had nomoral right to shrink nor even to oount the chances of his own life in what might follow. in iuu view ot his great responsibility he has umringiy; upon which I introduced myself, -r" in luiermpiion, .ana stood back to let him pass. But, having thus been made lo know me, he took the occasion to obviate embarrassment by a few apt words, and ended by most courteously showing irio the way to Mrs. uiuvuiu o icucpuon-room. With my four or five years "court life" in Europe, 1 had never seen that awkward matter for a functionary, an unexpected and brief interview with a stranger, more admirably and wtnningly done. It was characteristic, for there was no oeremonv ah.mt It hm hiia - , so far done what he has deemed his duty. You r'u 1 , ' 1 l0,wara mo. was quite as win now, accordi ug to perform yours. He sincerely hopes tbat your Tnl? nntlnna mav art o aaa fl .I.U .. I BUU -j -u.wviu KuumiHig assure I f., p, . faithful citizens, who have been dUn.rh. tn for a. Brn,nnil o approve, ineir ri of the r f ' v v uo a ciivj n inir li hhi. in i . God, and go forward without fear and with woras. loat believing in bim, your own judgment T, uuny ior nimseir. Though i juugmeni, wnat 00ur,i7 mftnner trina in tmifot.. and presenoe too absolutely natural and direct ior a irnmmei to approve, hut whinh -.,, rights, of a certain and speedy restoration fnVnv "C8edin8'V m,ir9d by a WellinK laws, and having thus chosen ourcourse K n p It is impossible to look i, mre purpose, let us renew nr .,. ; Mr" Wooln s face, and hear him speak a fev manly hearts, (Signed) ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Negro Patriotism. honest as he does tall and he is taller than most people while, in the ahanrhmt of hit frank eyes, and the ready intelligence of mo .natures ana expression, there it plenty of n.Amtn- t L : 1 : . ft vuiina Ui uitaUllly. I sat in my tent door last evening thought- Keutneklane Bound for the South 4th In fully, but very thoughtlessly, humming "Dixie." i nau. noi ooserveu "cnaries, ' a servant of "oon traoand here, who sat lust within the tent. "we stop asingin' dat song now: maHa&l" uiu ne, inierrupuug me. "Why? ' I inquired. , . . cnaries was confused for a moment, but I preBBBU me question, liooiavllle Colleetlne; Old Arm lu All. .FFI-vwuicuniii ioniiiuuou no go HOUSE. WASHtNdToir. July 4 The Clerk aallfd lhA roll, including names from South Carolina, Arkansas, and Florida. Ir. MoClernard protested against Mr. Thayer , being oalled at member from Oregon. Mr. Sbieids's name was paseed over. Mr. Vallandigbam gave notioe of a question of privilege, objecting to Messrs. Mar-iou. Rlalr. and Curtia claiming seats, they having been sworn in at military officers. Mr. Blair denied having been sworn into the military tervice. Mr. Richardson objected to the recognition of Mr. Daily, from Nebraska. The Clerk announoed that 150' members had answered the roll.- ' Mr, Colfax declined being considered a nan ill. date for Speaker. Mr. Hiokman nominated Bloir. CAnnl AI1QA In the galleries )-Mr. MoClernard wish a stop pnt to the nnl in the galleries. Mr. Stephens nominated Grow. Ballot wat then taken. resulting In nn nhnin Mr. Blair withdrew his name. Another ballnt r. suited, whole number 159, Grow 98, Blair 11, Crittenden 12, the rest scattered. Grow on taking the Chair made an addreaa. and took the oath, administered by Washburn of Illinois. Members were then sworn in. A resolution was passed previously, nnaalnir over those objected to, until memberB were duly qualified. Mr. Burnett offered a resolution referring the question of right to seats of Severn. 1 to tha committee on Election!, after that committee is appointed. Mr. Stephens raised a point of order that Mr. Burnett should first call for oertrfioatcs, and then proceed in the proper order. Mr. Burnett said that he only interposed ob jections such as oonsoienoe and duty oompelled um, anu saia jur. upion nau ooutessed himself neligible. Mr. Carlisle, of Va., said he didn't wih any portion of the State lo be unrepresented, by ob- jectiont to any other portion. Ho believed no but which would Prt7 i"- ny State, cither by Convention or otherwise, had power to absolve tbe allegiance they owe this government formed for them by speak a few tneir father. (Deafening applause.) He looks as MP- carnsie cnaraoterized the aotion of Eas- tern Virginia as gross tyranny, and deolared that Western Virginia was determined tn nn. hold Ihe Union. They desired that their vniea shall be heard in the Nation's Capital, in eve rything pertaining to the organization of the House. The resolution wat finally tabled, and Vir-ginia delegation sworn in; also, other delegations. , Louisville, July 5. The Democrat thin mnrn ing, Btates tbat a seoession flag raised vaster. day was torn down and burned by tbe citizens in no neignoornood. The Courier says a company of 110 men frnm Trimble county passed through Louisville, going Another company of 100 The Democrat aays a com- i.'Ueih.e:. ,"a'?: th ni8ers does; y The Unionist, celebrated the Fourth enthusi. uci ,uu uu. uan BBlinallr. th mllit... M. -ll . j.j. - "Where sD xie. CharlM?" , I "r", ""."V F'ueu, "Well," he replied hesitatingly, "It don't SouTh ast .TeXg long to my profession, sir, dat'. all, I t'pose will shortly leave. ,ninr tL'Xl SHIS. !': - P27 X ? ye-" " S Norfolk, data whar 'is," was the indig- .-ft I mr;ii j ' ...... I magnificent national flag was raiaed at Walk- like sheep, a workinir in the faatterfoal" "hp -:.u :i "u j I m ' . p i . . I nuu Huuiause, eo,o"red PeonTeT Tb r Z Z ! ! "P."' T Mis- k..i, ,u, i j r m sourians, wun arms, are in oamp at tbatciiv North that the slaves do not understand tha A .UaI. ji...... 7 17 .... -.i,- , - . , . rKGVii uioa,uu tu iuu ouuio paper, irom lilt- r ,hnm . . ffdexa.1 army are moving ,ie Rock, July lsays Montgomery and Lane hPr.n 1H SfU h'a ??lLV J h,aT9.reu ' the' Indian country. It also " "" lugiuves has a proclamation from found one whn rliil their frontier, and ordering a rendezvous at. I was particularly struck with this at Hamn. Tk. a '.. n....:.'. ..:..: , , i . , . - . , , r i w AuKuoitt wneiuufiunaiwi minus 11 certain Z Th "ZL i ,n 7l ,-. , Pf that ,h Confederate Constitution will be defeat-grossing, lney crowded together in little bo iiailn I .h i n.i..i- nlnhinS.th7ei'(li8'?iBg.'h0 the rePoriV' the The Gnd Lodge of Odd Fellows in that whoncameain r HtE. 5 Ud! " iimn.tn.n..i.fc..io... ."j ' " Montgomery, to dissolve their connection v vi n nu auiivvr, nuu a-lurtSMftHii rnpm. i(h ilin n-An J T-J TT : i n. . It the u metiers get the fight "I said, "what ealW nn the fitna nffinp . iw n ,1" will it do for you?" - .i Zi"r". " : n n ....'ii i. y.. . - m ... . i tsjuw ouvi. kuud. ur ta-uu um. id ana KC" "Jr" ' H Who stood out of order, and send them to Jack.nn Mi.o. ah citizens are notified to arm themselves with near me, almost in one breath. "But if they lose the battle ?" double-barrelled shot guns. Whoever, in any tection. nfooom-s to abandon sucn a government, would do well to consider in deference to what prinoiple it is tbat he does it. What better hejis likely to get in its stead? Whether the tubsituto will give, or be intended to give to muoh of good to the nesnla. , Thnn. are some foreshadow ings on this subject. Our adversaries have adopted some declarations of indepeudenoe, in which, unlike tha sondoldnna penned by Jefferson, they omit the words "all men areoreated equal." Wbyyhcyhave adopted atem porary National Constitution, in the preamble of -which, unlike, our good old one, signed by Washington, they omit "we tbe people," and substitute "we tbe deputies of the sovereign and independent States." Why this delifceraie pressing out of view the rights of men and the authority of the people? Thia it essentially a people't contest, on the side of the world, that the form and substance of Government, whose leading object is to elevate the condition of men, lo lift artificial weights from all annul. ers, (o clear the paths for laudable nnrauit. for all, to afford all an nnfettered start, and a fair chance ln the race of life, yielding to tbe partial and temporary departures from neces sity. , . . -. Thit it theleading objeot of the government for whose existence we oontend. I am most happy to believe tbat the plain people understand and ppreoiaie mis. it is worthy of note tbat while it'll. i. I. . . . i . . vii. um ix ue woroer ior us dan ebher. ' than ! tu a -.n,.., . 1 i . A. . , " " 1 --"j auw iviuuiLMiio uicu DUKKroio CUUeCUllsT Bll .u, .u.us ,elr neaus mournrully, and in the old iron about plantations, to be moulded their 8in.n1iniiv l-iAlintittir. ., -11 .1 t . . , ... r ' muuiueu 1 'j uvaivrauaL iuni aii inn innilrl II I I tnlA I.mKn n v- I the war hung upon the result of that day. The Legislature of Tennessee just adlourned xuejr ura oouiing in aay oy day, some of them Uam.i1 a hill ...mmi.. ih a,,. u a. manntr no, l .m-l r . . j: r. mr o - iur .mm..6 . .,: i."V. ,: "u", J?! "JT mllt1".' V"P taxation; Another act " ' , 7r. . 8 ""iuiug ae- authorizes the Uovernor o issue Treasury voted to them: Thnra ihnaa th.i .w. n. a I .t , . .,w, . ,1:"urj for elsewhere are sent by Gen. Butler. The less than 6 nor more than 600 dollars u K.e.8 oo'.oon!y oy the name of the "Con- the interest not exceeding 0 per cent tha traband Hotel." Fort Monroe Cor. N. Y. World. to oe receivaoie as currency. Also an act to make tbe Treasury notes of the Confederata States bankable in lennessee. In the affair of the capture of the St. Nichol. . I -1 i. .1.- W...I.-3II- TT ,. I Bpwiai w iuo nooLiiuu Kjmon sayt it was ac STCCK-tJP IMPERUL DRESSINO ASEAJinEllmT Tbe London Court Journal gives an elahnrma description of a magnificent dress in whioh the oompliehed by the Maryland Zouave, Colonel IT I. t.' , ..... ... rn L- . 1 I. I 1 - ., icuvu ouiprcBa appearea ai me last court ball """""i uu uer irom me land at ana adds that the mere ad ust ng of tha drat-a i'oint J-ooaout. ihey also captured a brier In on the night of the ball occupied the space of tne bav d run both into Fredericksburg. The . k e i . . r I : 1 : . o-rr aaa .iMou-iju.iiciB oi an nour, as tne placing of the rr'm vio om,. boquets and diamonds on the skirt cannnf ha ' acoomplished until the dress is on and the Boston, July 4. A great conflagration took whole toilette be oomplete, excepting this last place In East Boston, to day. Wharves and loucn, upon which, however, according lo the 8ttlt Warehouses, aunolk Halt Mills, East BoBton tiring woman' . idea, 'everything depends-' Ir0n Foundry and Machine Shops, Seotional For the more convenient accomplishment of Dock, Marine Railways and nearly all the this, Her Majesty stands npon a high stool dwellings, and Marine and Mechanical Ware- while tbe boquets are being placed nnon tha houses: as well as an immense quantity of Lnm. skirt, so that they are on a level with tbe eyes beri Timber, Marine Storesj also nwulda for the of the babilleuse, who, onder the directions of new gunboat, contracted for by Pant Curtis, the bead tiring woman, who stand at a dit- were burned. Four Vessels were totally de- tance viewing the reflection of the labor in a st roved and five badly burned; also twelve swing-glass, gives her order where each boquet dwelling houses, elsewhere in tbe oily, were un.ii uv piaucu. i Durneu to-day, Thing In Missouri-Jackson to be Can-tnred Hla Whereabout!. St. Lonis, July 8. Offioial information saya . Col. Seegil is at Mt. Vernon, Lawrenoe county, with a strong force, and that Gov. Jackson ia supposed to bave crossed the Arkansas line. The Republiaan learns from letters, dated ' Springfield, June 30, that Jackson, with 1,600 men, wat at Montioello, Vernon county. The Une of Federal troops has been exlendaJ to Sarcoxie, Jasper oounty, through which Jack. son would bave to pass to reach Arkansas, and tne opinion was connaenuy expressed that hp will be taken prisoner, unless he receives larger reinforcements than he is likely to ob'ain. Major Phelpt it detained at Springfield by Important events there, but be will be in Wash- ' ington in time for all important business this session. Friendlier Feeling In Europe The Amir . aud JNavjr. .. Washinotoh, July 6. The European dit patches, it is understood, show an improved disposition in England. From France the Monileur'i artiole, which afforded so much Joy to the secessionists, has been explained away to the evident satisfaction of Seoreia-y Seward. Ihe most hearty and Bincere expressions of sympathy with the United States in the present ' ooutest, are furnished to this government. No privateers will be permitted to enter any foreign port. From these reports there is rejoicing in official quarter that secession is dead and buried in Europe. It, is certain that after tbe disoharge of (ho three months' troops there will still be an available force of 188,000, which added to the regular army will amount to 230,000 officers and men. The probable total amount required for the army, added to tbe appropriation made for tbe year ending with June, 18C0, for the force now in the field, or which has been accepted and will be in the service within the next twenty days, is about $185,300,000. Tbe estimate for the navy is also large. Alexandria, July 4. All quiet. Extra precaution are used to day, and all soldiers are confined to camps, in tbe supposition that Beauregard might attack, thinking to find con fusion and frolicking. Two balloons of the Rebels have been seen reconnoiteriog, the past two days. Gen. Patterson tn Purinlt of the Enemy- Anotlter sueceu- Haroo AmouK Hit Rebel a. Washington, July 6. Gen. Pattorton hat achieved another brilliant and important suc cess. Infoimatlon was reoeived from Martins-burg yesterday, that he entered and passed through that place in the morning, in hot pur suit of the enemy. The army was welcomed with enthusiasm by tbe mass or the people, wbo were gratified by the protection promised, r.nd now given, by tbe government, thus tbe 4th was gloriously celebrated in Martinsburg. Tha secession force which Gen. Patterson scattered on the 2d, when he crossed the river, lost sixty killed and many wounded. Il rallied and pre sented a front, but again retired to a distance of seven or eight miles, where it hat been reinforced.

volume xxv COLUMBUS, OHIO. SATURDAY JULY 6, 1861. NUMBER 13. (Ohio $tnte goutnal. PRESIDENTS MESSAGE. Washington, Jun 6. FlLtOW-ClTlUKS Or IHK SuMATI AID HoUdl OF RgPRESEtTATIVES Having been convened on n extraordinary occasion, a authorized by tne Constitution, your attention la not called to any ordinary ubjeet or legislation. At the beginning of the present presidential term, four months ago, the funonons of toe Fed' oral Government were found to be generally suspended within the several Slates of South Carolina, Ueorgla, Alabama, Mississippi, Loo isiana, and Florida, exoepting only those of the fost Office department, within .these States the fjrts, arsenals, dock yards, custom houses, the like including the movable and stationary property in and about them, had been seized and were held in open hostility to the Govern ment, excepting only torts I'.ckens, Taylor and Jefferson, on and near the Florida const, and fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, South Carte una. The forts thus seised bad been put in approv- uo condition, new ones baa teen built, and armed forces bad been organized andwere or ganizing, all avowedly with the same hostile actual and immediate dissolution, trusting, as hereinbefore stated, to time, discussion, and the ballot box, for fical adjustment; and they assailed and reduced the fort for precisely the reverse object to drive out the visible authority of the Federal Union, and thus force it to immediate dissolution. That this was their object the Executive well understood: and having; said to them in the in augural address: "You can have no con Bio t without being yourselves the aggressors." he toon pains not ouly to keen this declaration good, but also to keep the ease so free fiotn the power of ingeniuos sophistry, as that the World should not be able to misunderstand it. -By tho affair at Fort Sumter, with its surrounding oiroumstance, mat point was reaobed, and thereby the assailants of the fort begun the coafliot or arms, without a gun in sight or In expectation to return their fire, save only the tew in tne rorr, sent to that harbor rears before. for their own protection, and still ready to give mat protection in wnaiever was lawful. In this act, discarding all else, thev have forced upon the country the destructive issue of immediate dissolution or blood, and this issue embraces more than the fate of these United States. It presents to the whole family of man, the question whether a Constitutional Republic or Democracy, a Government of the people, by the same people can or cannot maintain k; territorial integrity against lis own 'tmncbiio foes. It prasenis the question wbe'hu' uieoon tented individuals, too few in numbers to con trol administration according to organio Uw, in any case, and always npon the pretence made in tnis case, or on any other pretenoes, or arbi lion of the United States and the laws and treaties of the United States made in pursuance of the Constitution, to he for her the supreme law of the land. The States have their status in the Union. purpose. - their govemmt-ntrand ihnr prScCicaTTy purin Til fart ramalnlnir In In riMiaaa an a 11. t j . - ' ' . . - , a - f""""""'"-' ena to ires government upon tbe earth, federal Government, and near these States. . were either besieged or menaced by warlike l forces na to ask : ''Is there in all Republics preparations, and especially. Fort Sumter was ln" inherent and fatal weakness ? Must nearly surrounded by well protected hostile Pvernment of necessity be too strong for the batteries, with guns equal in aualiiv to liberties of its own people, cr loo weak to main- its own, and outnumbering the latter, per-1 laln own existence? So viewing the issue, haps ten to one. A disproportionate share 00 oboice was left but to call out the war power or tbe Federal muake ts and rifles bad somehow 01 ne government, and so to resist force em found their wav into these States, and hud han ployed fur its destruction by force for its pre. eeized, to be used against the Government. serration. The call was made, and the response Accumulations of tbe publio reveuue lying pf the country was most gratifying, surpassing wunin mem naa oeen seized ror tbe same object.!"1 u""""u.y ana spirit, tne most sanguine ex The navy was scattered in distant seas, loaving Flotation. Yet no one of the States commonly uuv b ydi-jt Buiaii part ui u wuuiu me unmeoi- ate reach of the Government. Olfioers of the Federal Army and Navy had resigned in great numbars, and of those resigning, large proportion of them had taken up arms against the Government, Simultaneously, in connection with all this, the purprse to sever the Federal Union was openly avowed. In IQ, accordance with this purpose, an ordinance had been adopted in eaoh of these States decla ring tbe States respectively to be separated iroui me national union, xor instituting a com' bined Government of these States a formula bad been promulgated, and this illegal organ ization in the charaoterof the Confederate States were already invoking recognition, aid and in lervention irom toreign powers, Seeing this condition of things, and believ tog it to be an imperative duty upon the in coming Executive to prevent, if possible, the consummation ot sucn on attempt to destroy the reaerai union, a onoioe or means to that end become indispeusible. The choice we mad was declared in the inaugural address. The policy chosen, looked to the exhaustion of all peaceful measures before a resort to any strong er ones, sougni only to Hold the pub ia places and property not already wrested from tne government, and to collect the revenue, re, lying for the rest on time, discussion and the oatiot oox. It promised a continuanoe of the mails at government expense, to the very people who were resisting tne government' and it nave re pealed pledges against any disturbance to any of the people or any of their rights, of alt which a President might constitutionally and justifiably do in such a oase. Everything was forboro, without which it was believed possible to keep the government on foot. On the fifth of March, tho present incumbrent 8 first full day in office, a letter of Major Anderson's, commanding i run Duuuer, written on tne zotn or rehruary, and received at the War Department on the 4th or March, was-, by tbat Department, placed in nis nanus, mis letter expressed as tho proles sional opinion of the writer that reinforce ments could pot be thrown into that fort in time for lis relief, rendered neoessary by the limited supply of provisions, and with a view or holding possession of the same, with a force of less than twenty thousand good and well aiscipiinea men. Ibis opinion was concurred in by all the officers of IiIb command, and their memoranda on the subject were made, and enclosed in Major nuuuDuu b icurr. iu wnoie was immediately laid before Lieut. General Scott, who at once coneurreu wun Major Anderson in this opinion. On reflection, however, he took full time for consultation with otherofficers, both of the army and the navy, and at the end of four days came reluotantly, but decidedly to the same conclusion as before. He also stated at tbe same time that no sufficient force was then at the control of the Government, or could be raised and brought to the ground within the time, before the provisions in the fort would be exhaust ed. In a purely military point of view, this re-duoed the duty of the Administration in the case to the mere matter of getting the garrison safely out of the fort. This could not be allowed, starvation was not yet upon the garrison, and ere it would be reached, Fort Pickens might be reinforced. This last would be a clear indication of policy, and would better enable the country to accept the evacuation of Fort Sumter, as a military necessity. An order was at once directed to be sent lor tne lunaing ot tbe troops from the steamship jjii.un.ijru iuiu ror. jricaens. mis order could not go by land, but must take the longest and lowest route by sea. The first return news from the order was re ceived out one week before the fall of Sumter. The news itself was that the officerj com- uiuuuiug iuo coumr, io wuicn vessel the troops had been transferred from the Brooklyn, acting upon some quatri armitlict of the late Adminis tration (ana or tbe existenoe of tho late Admin istratiou, up to tbe time the order wasdispatoh- ""ug ubu oniy ioo vague and uncertain rumors to fix attention,) had refused to land the troops to reinforce Fort Piokens before a orisis would be reaobed at Fort Sumter. This was impossioie, rendered so by the near exhaustion of provisions in the latter named fort. In precaution against such a conjunction, tho Gov ernment bad a tew days before commenced nra paring an expedition, as well adapted as might be to relieve Fort Sumter; whioh expedition was intended to be ultimately used or not, ac- ooruiug io circumstances, The strongest anticipated case for using it was now presented, and it was resolved to send it forward as had been intended in this contingency. It was also resolved to notify the Government of South Carolina that she might expect an at ten p1. would be made to provision tho Fort, and y. tha if the attempt should not be resisted, there 4oi 1 1 be no effort made to throw in men, arms, a ammunition, without further notioe, or in Wise of an attack upon the Fort. This notice was accordingly given; whereupon tbe fort was attacked and bombarded to its fall, without even awaiting the arrival of the provisioning expedition. It is thus seen that the assault upon, and the reduoiion of, Fort Sumter, was in no sense a matter of self defence on the part of the assail, nts. They well knew that the gat rison in the fort could by no possibility oommit aggression J? upon them. They knew they were expressly notified that the giving of bread to the few brave and hungry men of tbe garrison was all which would on that oocasion be attempted, unless themselves, by resisting so much, should provoke more. They knew tbat the government desired to keep the garrison in the fort, not to assail them, bnt to merely maintain visible possession, and thus to preserve the Union from ciiieu mavo Dtaies, exoept Veleware, gave a Regiment through regular state organization. A few regiments have been organized within some others of those States by individual enterprise, and received into the government service. Of course the seceded States, so called. and to which Texas bad been joined about the time of the inauguration, gave no troops to the cause of the Union. The Border Slates, so called, were not uniform in their action, some of them being almost for the Union, while in others, as Virginia, North Carolina. Tennessee and Arkansas, was nearly repressed and si lenced of power and propriety, before this matter was acted npon. The whole of the laws whioh were required to be faithfully executed were being resisted and failing of execution in nearly one third of tbe states. Must tney be allowed to noatty rati or ami tney bave no other legal status. If they execution? Even had it been perfeotly dear break from this, ihey can only do so against the that by the proper nseof tbe means necessary law by revolution. The Union and not them to their execution, some single law made in sncb selves separated, procured their indenendanca extreme tenderness of tbe citizen's liberty, that I and their liberty by conquest or purchase. The praoiicmy it relieves more of the guilty wan union gave each of tbem whatever Indian. of the innocent, should to a very limited extent dence and liberty it had. be violated. To state the question more di- The Union is older than any of the States rectly : and in fact it created tbem as States. Originally Are all the laws but one logo unexeented and some dependant colonies made the Union, and tbe government itself go to pieces lest that one in turn the Union threw off their old depend- be vindicated? Even in such a case, would not ence for them and made them Stutes, such as the officinl oath be broken, if the government they are. Not one of them ever had a Hint should be overthrown, when it was believed Constitition independent of tha Cnlnn. that disregarding the eingle law would tend to Of course it is not forgotten that all tha n preserve it? But it was not believed that this States framed their constitutions befora thov question was presented. It was not believed J entered tbe Union. Nevertheless, dependant uj ibw wm riuiaicu. i ujwu, ug preparatory io coming into tbe Union ; . - M . I n ,11.. it 1L.1 11.. I .. .. . - L I . I . II. 1 amo uruvisiuu ui iqb lyonsuiuuou mai ids i u'-yuMUBmoiT tne oiaies nave Ifia rtAWra mH privilege of the Habeas Corpus shall not be sue- rights reserved to them in and by the National pended, unless when in cases of rebellion or I Constitution; but among these surely are not luTBBiun, me puouo lately may require it, is I moiuucu an oonceivaoie Powers, hnwuvnr m i. equivalent to a provision mat sucn privilege umerous or destructive, known in the world at may te suspended wnen in oases of rebellion or I me time, as governmental powers. invi!ii,i! i!:c r-nhlto safety doee require it. It I And certainly a power to destroy the Gov- as rJfd'K'U that we have a ease of rebellion, I eminent itself had never been known as Got. ernmontal. Merely administrative power, this roiuiiTo matter or national power and State rights, as a principle is no other than the principle of generality and locality. Whatever eon-oerns the whole should be confided to the whole and tbat the public safety does require tbe qualified suspension of the privilege of tbe writ wnicn wasautborized to be made. Now it is insisted that Congress, and not (be Executive, is vested with this power. But the constitution ltsetr is silent as to wblcn or what to toe general Uonrnmtiii hii. k...u. trarily without any pretenoe, can break npjjsjg exirciaa-jhe powerrand ae the provision I concerns only (he stilted should be leftexclu- was plainly made lor a dangerous emergency, siveiy to tbe State, this is all there is of original it cannot be believed the fraiuers of the inslru- principle about it. ment intended that in every case, the danger Whether tbe National Constitution In d,flnln should run its course until Congress conld be boundaries between tbe two has applied tbe i-in:u lugciucr, mo Tory assemoung ot wnico cnuuipio wim exact accuracy is not to be q ti esculent be prevented, as was intended in this case I 'lened. We are also bound bv th.it rfi-fiin K I. - v -1 1 : 1 ; 1. . i. i ' . . o uj iug icudiuuu, iwivuvui, uvDiiuD. nun is now comoatted is No more extended argument is now offered, the position tbat secession is cnnniHtont as an opinion at some length will probably be (be Constitution is lawful aud peaceful. It ia preseuted by the Attorney General, whether pot contended tbat there is any express law for there shall be any legislation noon the subieot. it, and nothing should ever ha imnliml w and if any, what, is submitted entirely to the which leads to unjust or absurd consequences, better judgment of Congress. The nation purchased with mouey the ooun- The fovbearunce of this Government had . les .ut J wh.lon of these Slates were been so extraordinary and so long oonllnued, ormea- " it just that they shall go off without as to lead some foreign nations to shape their ,esve n( without refunding? The nation paid aotion as if tbey supposed the early destruction TeI7 Bun" (in lh i?l?regate I believe of of our National Union was probable. While . . ?re? lnllli0B) to relieve Florida of the this, on disoovery, gave the Executive some aoor'f5n' tribes. Is it just that she shall now concern, he is now happy to say that tbe sov- 6 " ""u' ouoocui, or witnout making any Afuiffiilv nnrl fiahffl nf thtt ITnilml Qlal-i. aM I f6IUm , .... Th llBll'nn I, N... J.Ll f . . now every wncre practioabiy respected by for- r T u ucui ior mouey applied eign powers, and a general sympathy with the 1 ,ne benent of thes so-called seceded Siates, couutry is manifested throughout the world. ln 00.mmon wi,n the jest. Is it just either that Tbe reports of the Secretaries of the Treasu- X ""' u uupaiu, or tne remaining ry, War and the Wavy, will give tbe informa- . , ,"' lu", WU0'8 PB" 01 1118 present na tion in detail deemed necessary and convenient v0" ,2, , wa' "tracted to pay the old foryour deliberation and aotion, while the exe- . 8 of Te"" Ieitjustthat she shall leave cutive and all the departments, will stand P n P" or ibis herself ? rpAiltf In ftiinrilv nmiaainna ir In nnmmnntiai. I Again, if One State, may BCCede. 80 may Ann, new faots considered important for vou to know. fher; an1 wnen 11 nl" ''Te "eooded none is it is now recommended that you give the " " vj y ucuio. uus quite just to oredi- in this, the government's hour of trial, large numbers of - those in the army and navy who bave been favored with the offi ces, nave resigned and proved false to tbe land which had pamrierad ihrm Not one common soldier or common sailor is known to bave deserted his flag. Great honor is due to those officers who bave remained true despite tbe example of their treacherous associates. But the greatest honor and most impor-tant fact of all is the unanimous firmness of tbe common soldiers and common sailors, to the last man. So far at known they have successfully resisted the traitorous efforts of those whose commands but an hour before they obeyed as u?uiuie law. This is the Patriotic instinct ot nlaln r.nnnU They understood without an argument, that the destroying of the Government which was made Py " asbington means no arood to them. Our popular Government has often been call ed an experiment. Two points in it our people ub aircaay settled: me suocessful establishing and the suocessful administering of it. One still remains: its successful maintenance against a lurmmaoie, internal avowed attempt to over-throw it. It is now for tbem to demonstrate to tne world that those who can f.iirly carry an eleo. tion, can also suppress a rebellion; that ballots are tbe rightful and neaoaful imiesnrnf h,.l lets, and that when ballots have fairly and con. stitutionally decided, there can be no auocaaful appeal back to bullets; tbat there can be no successtul appeal except to ballots themselves at succeeding elections. Such will be a great lesson of peace, teaching men what tbey cannot take by an election, neither can they taka it by war; teaching all the follies of being the beginners of war. Lest there be some nncasineas in the mtnria nf candid men as to what is te be the course of the uoternment towards the Southern Slates, after the rebellion shall have been suppressed, tbe Executive decms it proper to say it will be his purpose then, as ever, to be guided bv the cnn. stitution and the laws, and that he probably will Letter from Vlcktbau-ffi Mia. The following ia an extract of a letter from Vicksburg, Miss, dated June 16; "Our Southern cities, and espeoiallv Vinka. t .... ... - uurg, can oe compared very wen to a steamer on tbe Mississippi, whose bottom is perforated by a thousand holes, which is perceptibly and rapidly going under. There , is no business doing. 'I be shelves are bare; the merchant lolling on the counters. There ia no money, no orvuii, ana provisions scarce and dear. If the war continues, this whole country will be over- wuoiweu in Danaruptoy and ruin. There is no money in tbe eountry. To suonlv the deficiency j. uciraj in expenses or tne uovernment, and to support the army, we have resorted to the issue of Confederate bonds, whioh, if the blockade is effectual, will, I am afraid, be equal to the old Continental money. Our negroes bring us In very little. It is almost impossible to get employment at any price. Thousands have enlisted in tbe army merely for a annnnrt All the Irish thrown out of employment on railroads have been compelled to join for a living. Everything from two veers old nn ia drilling i for soldier. The only bustle in our oity it nuiu uis soiuiery arming and coming and going. The season has been ouita favorable. .j f : . i i . . . . uu iruu id aounuanse. I im in hni we shall not perish for want of food, although many must Buffer. Our prospect appear gloomy and sad. . Whatever may be the result oi mis war, i nave never been able tn .nv good likely to come . to us from Secession, bill, on the contrary, I believe if ear iselepeadence Is actuowieugea.u will oe tne commencement of the aDoittion or slavery. How can Missouri, Kentucky or Maryland retain their il VAM if IllA uoe is drawn between them and foreign eountry? Tbey must inevitably bsnnmn fr... Kiai.. in turn tne next tier of States, and so on. It may oe gradual, but certain. To keep the peace it will reauire a standi army of two hundred thousand men. The expense for the support of these, with the war COXGBESSIOXAX. nave no different understanding of the laeDt "'"aoy nd to be inourred, wjll entail on powers and duties of tbe Federal Government I . "nu ,ut generations several hundred mil- eiaiive to the right of tbe States and the peo- I 'ous" "n i""" o we gain? A disruptured The course taken in Virginia was the most remaritanie perhaps tbe most important. A convention, elicited by the people of that Stale. to consider this very nuestion of disruntincr the Federal Union, was in session at the oapital of it: i r- . r-i . ... . . tirgiuia wuen rori. oumier ieu. 10 tnis nody the people had chosen a large mnjority of professed Union men. Almost immediately after tne tan ot Sumter, many, members of that ma jority went over to the original disunion minor ity, and with them adopted an ordinance for withdrawing tbe State from the Union. Whether this change was wrought bv their great approval of the assault upon Sumter, or me great resentment at tne uovernment s re sistanoe to that assault, is not definitely known. Although they submitted the ordinance for ratification, to a vote of the people, to be takon ou a day then somewhat more than a month distant, the Convention and the Legislature which were also in session at the same time and place, with leading men of the State, not members of eithor, immediately commenced aoting as if the State were already out of the Union. They pushed military preparations vigorously forward all ovor the Btate. Xhey seized the United States Armory at Ilarper's Ferry and the Navy Yard at Gosnort near Norfolk. They received, perhaps invited into their 8tate, large bodies of trooos with meir wai-iiKe appointments, troin tbe so-called . . 1 a... mi " i. . . seucucu outii-n. iney lormauy entered into a treaty or temporary allegianoe and co-operation with the so called Confederate States, and sent memrjers to their congress at Montgomery; nnd finally, they Derm it tod the in.ourrvntinnarir fir.. ernment to be transferred to their Capital at Richmond. The people of Virginia have thus allowed this great insurreotion to make us nest within her borders, and this Government has no choice left. but to deal with it where it finds it, nnd it has tne less regrot as tne loyal citizens have in due form claimed its protection. Tbose loval cki. ens this Government is bound to recognize and protect, as being in Virginia. In the border States iso called, in fact the middle Stales) there are tbose who favor a pol icy which they call armed neutrality, that is, an arming of those States to prevent the Union forces passing one way, or the disunion the oth. er, over their soil. This would be disunion comololed. Fisura. lively speaking, it would be the building of an impassable wall along the line of separation ; and yet not quite an impassable one, for under the guise of neutrality it would tin thn hnn.ia of Union men, and freely pass supplies from among them to the insurrectionists, which it could not do as an open enemy. At a stroke it would taxe a a tne trouble off the bands of seces sion, except only wlml proceeds from the ts.u-r-nal blockade. ' It would do for the disunionists. thai whtnh of all things they most desire feed them well, and give tbem disunion without a struggle of their own. It recognizes no fidelity to the Con-stitution, no obligation to maintain Union, and while very many who have favored it are doubtless loyal, it is nevertheless very injurious in enect. . Keourring to tbe aotion of tbe Government, it may be stated, that at first, a call was made for 70,000 militia, and rapidly following this a proclamation was issued for closing the ports ui uio lUBurreououary districts by proceedings in the nature of blockade. So far all was be lieved to be strictly legal. It was believed, however, that to so abandon that position under the circumstances, would be utterly ruinous; tbat the necessity under which it was io oe uone wouia not be fully understood; lout oy many it. would oe construed as a nart - .i . . . . . oi voluntary puimy; mat at nome it would discourage the friends of the Union, embolden its adversaries; and go far to ensure to the latter a recognition abroad; that in fact it would be our national destruction consummated. At this point the insurrectionists announced tbeir purpose to enter upon the praotice of privateering. Other calls were made for volunteers to serve three years, unless sooner dis charged, and also for large additions to the regular army and navy. These measures, whether strictly legal or not, were ventured upon under what appeared to be a popular demand, and a public necessity, trusting then at now, that Congress would readily ratify them. It it believed that nothing has been done beyond the Constitutional competency of Congress. Soon after the first call for militia, it was considered a duty to authorize the Commanding General, ln proper cases, according to his discretion, to suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, or in other words, to arrest and detain without resort to the ordinary process and forms of law, suoh individuals as he might deem dangerous to the publio safety. This authority has purposely been exercised but very sparingly. rieverthelesa the legality and nronriely of what has been done under it are questioned, and the attention of the country his. been oalled to the proposition that one who is sworn to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, should not himself violate them. Of oourse tome consideration wat given to the quealiont legal means for miking this oombat a short . ia W6 ratlf7 thenj " this sage view of and dectsivo one; that you will place at the 1 "u ,""r,eu tne'r money r ir we control of the government for the work . recoem" tn dootrine by allowing Ihe se oedera to go in peaoe, it is difficult to see what we can do, if others ohoose to go or to extort terms upon whioh they will promise to remain. Theseceders insist thatourConslitution admits of secession. They have assumed to make a National Censtitution of their own, in whioh of necessity, they have either discarded or rei ainpri the right of seoession, wbiohthey insist, exists in uura. It they bave discarded il, Ihey thereby ad mit mat or prlnoiple it oueht not to h in ours, ir tney have retained it. brthcirnm onj.rucuon oi oivs tney uiow thai to be cou sistent tney must secede from one another whenever they shall find it the easiest way ol settling their debts or affeoltng any other sel- usu ur unjust oojeoi. The prinoiple itsolf is one of disintegration ana upon wbioh no government oan possibly mums, xi nn iuo siaies savo one shou d as from the couutry, leaves no doubt that tbe ma- am toa power to drive that one out of the . : i i- . t , i i . .. . lTT;An!tt- i . i , , , lenm ior u.e worn is auiiDaanr, ana that it v "" " i"umeu mo wuoie class or seceder needs only the hand of legislation to vive It poliuotant would at once deny the power and legal sauotion, and the nana of tbe Executive "enounce me act at the greatest outrage upon to give it practical shape and efficiency. State rights. But suppose tbat precisely the une oi tne greatest perplexities of the Gov. instead ot oetng called driving ihem ernment is to avoid receiving troops faster than I out snould be oalled the seceding of tho othors provided for; that, in a word, the people will 'rom tnttt one- would be exaotly what the at least four hundred thousand men and four hundred millions of dollars. Tbat number of men is about one tenth of tbose of proper ages within tbe regions where apparently all are willing to engage, and the sum is less than a twenty-third part of the money value owned by the men who seem ready to devote the whole. A debt of six hundred millions of dollars now is a less sum per head than was the del t of our Revolution when we came out of thai struggle, and the money value in the country now bears even a greater proportion to what II was then than does the population. Surelv. each man has as strong a motive now to preserve our liberties as eaoh had then to establish them. A right result at this lime will be worth more to the world than ten times the men and ten times the moneyl The evidence reaching us pie under the Constitution than expressed in inaugural address. He desires to preserve the government tbat it may be administered for all as it was admiuistere i by the men who made it. Koyal, citizens bave the right to claim this of their government, and the govern ment nas no right to withhold or negleot it. It is not perceived that in giving it there is any wc.viuu, nujr vuoquesior any supjugation, in . jum, bvudv oi mese terms The Constitution provides, and all the Slates have accepted the provision, that the United States shall guarantee to every Rmta tn tht Union a republican form ot government; but if cuim ui,- jawiuuy go out ot tbe Union, having done so, it may also discard the republican lorm or government: so that to prevent its m. ing out, all indispensable means to the end of maiuiaining me guaranty mentioned, when an end is lawful and obligatory, tbe indispensable means to it are also lawful and obligatory. . It was with the deepest regret that thn Fr ecutive found the duty of employing the war power in defence of the government forced npon him. He oould but. perform hit dmv or nr. render the existenoe of the government. No compromise by publio tervanta nnnlil In this case be a cure; not that comnaemisea am not oi ten proper bu t that no popular Govern- Government, entitled to no respect at home orf ouiuau a panoersnip oi states, a rope of Ban lloKIa tn k- I i . ..v.v .v us ooTvreu ai any moment by any disaffected State any State oaDabla nf HiaMn. nulling any law whioh does not exactly please Muoh anxiety felt for the result of the first two or mree important battles to be fought i urgiuie, us Having great influence on the oouniry ior good or ill. Scott's great military skill U muoh feared, although great confidence is placed in Davis. Some complaint it made aguiuatuie Virginia soldiers for their retiring as they express it, before the Federal troops so nrlAti SENATE. Wasbinotos, July 4 The Senate was called to order by tbe Vice President at noon. Tbe Senators present were Messrs. Anthony, Bayard, Bingham, Breckinridge, Blight, Chandler, Clark, Collamer, Cowan, Dixon, Doolittln. Fea- eenden, Foot, Foster, Grimes, Hale, Harlan, Harris, Howe, Johnson, of Tenn.. Kennedy. King, Lane of Ind, Latham. Morrill Neamitb. Pea roe, Polk, Powell, Salisnury Sherman. Sim mons, Sumner, Ten Eyck, Thompson, Trumbull, Wade, Wilkinton and Wilson. Mr. Grimet presented the credentials of Mr. Lane, Senator from Kansas, who took the oath. Mr. Dooltttle presented the credentials of Mr. Pomeroy, Senator elect from Kansas. Mr. 1 rum bull presented the credentials of Mr: Browning, Senejer from Illinois, to fill the va cancy occasioned by the death of Douglas. flir. Latham presented tbe credentials of Mr. McDougall of California. Mr. Pomeroy drew the long term for Kansas. and Mr. Lane tbe short. The resolution for eleotiou of Sergeant at Armt was laid over. Mr. Hale offered a resolution asking the Secretary of tbe Navy to send oopies of all oontraott be has made to the Senate. Passed Mr. Wilson gave notioe that be would offer tomorrow, a bill to ratify and oonfirm oontraott of the President, for the suppression of insurrection and rebellion. The following bills were iutroduce d : Bill to authorize the employment of volunteers lo aid in enforcing tbe laws and nrateciino- publia property. Bills to Increase the present military establishment of the United States. Bill providing for the better organization nf the military establishment. Bill to promote efficiency of army. Bill for the organization of a volunteer militia force, to bo oalled the United States National Guard. The Clerk read Dickens' resignation as Sec retary. The Senate then adjourned. Willi on Llnoolu. Mr. Willis write from Washington to (his week t Jlomt Journal The President, of course, fa nhf In h Iuv.. ii.h . . " "wbui upon urirent nnmnana in ih... uay ; out onance gave me a very pleasant exchange of a few words with him last evening Passing aoross the interior hall of Ihe White nuuse, towara the drawino-.rnnm h M Linooln wat to be at home to a few friends! without oeremocy. I met thn hif mi.t-..,. " w7 iroin me save their government, if the government itsel will do its part only indifferently well, might seem at first thought to be of little differ ence whether tbe present movement at the south be called secession or rebellion. The movers, however, well understood the difference at the beginning. They knew they could never raise their treason to any respeotable magnitude bv u:u i - i: wuy uuuiv nuiuu iiuput'9 Tiuittlion 01 law. ihey knew their people possessed as muoh moral sense, as much of devotion to law and order, and as much pride and levcrence for the history aud government of tbeir common couti try, as any other civilized and patriotic neonla They knew they could make no advancement directly in the teeth of these strong and noble sentiments. Accordingly tbey commenced by an insidious aooaucning ot tne puouo mind. They invented an ingenious sophism which, if conceded, was followed by perfeotly logioal steps, through all Ihe incidents to the complete destruction of the Union. Tbe sophism itself is tbat any mate or tbe Union may consistently with the National Constitution, and therefore lawfully and peacefully withdraw from the Union without the consent of the Union, or of any oiiiei oiaio. iue frail disguise that the supposed right is to be exercised only for a just cause, because they themselves are to be tbe sole judges of lis justice, is too thin to merit any notice. With rebellion thus sugar coated, they have been drugging the publio mind of their seotion for more than thirty years, until at length they have brought many good men to a willingness to take up aims against the government, the day after some assemblage of men have enacted the faroical pretence of taking tbeir State out of the Union, wbo oould have been brought to no suoh thing the day before. This sophism derives much, perhaps the whole, of its currency from the assumption that there is tome omnipo tent ana eucrea supremacy pertaining to each State of our Federal Union. Our States have neither more nor less power man mat reserved to ihem ln tbe union by the constitution, no one or them ever having been a State out of the Union. The original ones passed into the Union even before they csst off their uniish colonial dependence, and the new ones each came into the Union directly from a condition of dependence, except Texas; and even Texas in its temporary independence, wat never designated a State. The new ones only took the designation of Mates on coming into tbe Union, while that name was firet adopted for the old ones in and by the Colonies, which were declared to be free and independent States; but even then the ob ject plainly was not to declare their indepen dence of one another, or of tbe Union, but di rectly the contrary, as tbeir mutual pledge and tbeir mutual actioa before, at the time, and afterwards, abundantly shows. Tbe express plighting of faith by each and all of theorlgi. nal thirteen in the Articles of Confederation. two years later, that ihe Union shall be perpetual, is most conclusive. ' ' Having never beeti States, either In substanoe or in name, ontside of the Union, whence this magical omnipotence of State rights, asserting a claim of power to lawfully destroy tbe Union itself? Much is said about the sovereignty of the States, but the word even is not in the National Constituiion, nor, as is believed, in anv of tbe State Constitutions. What it a tover-eignty in tbe political sense of the term? Would it be far wrong to define it as a nohtiool community wiihout a politioal superior? Tested by this, no one of our States, except Texas, ever was a sovereign, and even Texas gave up the charaoter on coming into the Union by which act the acknowledged the Constilu- secedors olaim to do; unless, indoed, they make me- poini inai me one, oecause it Is a minority, may rightfully do what the others, because they are a majority, may not rightfully do. Though the politicians are subtle and profound on rights of minorities, they are not partial to that power which made the Constitution, and C"" irom me preamoie, calling itself "we. the people." B ' It may well be queslieued whether there is to-day a majority of legally qualified voters of any oiaie, exoept, perhaps, South Carolina, in favor of disunion. There is much reason to believe that the Union men are in the majority in many, If not every other one of the an.o.nllp.l seceded States. The contrary has not been dm. onstrated in any of them. I will venture to affirm this, even nf Virginia and Tennessee, for the result nf an nlonlinn held in military camps where tbe bayonets are all on the one side of the Question voted unon. oan scarcely be considered as demonstrating the popular sentiment. At such an election all that large class who are at onn fnr ihi Onion and against Coeroion. would be coerced to vole against the Union. It may be affirmed without extravagance thai the free institutions we enjoy have developed powers and Improved the condition of our whole people beyond any example in the world. Of this we now bave a striking and an unnres. sive illustration. So large an army as the Government has now on foot, was never before known, without a soldier in it but who has taken his place thereof his own free choice. But more than this, there are many sinor1 regiments whose members one and another possess full praotioal knowledge of all arts, sciences, professions and whatever else whether useful or elegant, is known in the world, and there is soarcely one from which thr i-miM not be eeleoted a President, a Cabinet, a Congress, and perhaps a Court, abundantly competent to administer the Government itself I Nor do I tay this is not trim aim In tho ..m. of our late friends, now adveisaries in this oontest. But if it is, to much better the rpflunn why the government which has conferred mnh benefit on both them and us, should be broken up. tPA.rnnm tn hla mAR-a ment can long survive a marked nrcmilnni th. i Evidently thinking that I was in crch nf him! those who carry an election, can only save the sel ne l0PPedi shook hands, and looked In- uovernment troni immediate destruction, by giving up the main point upon whioh the people mi ciwiiun, r im people tnemseives and not their servants oan safely reverse their own deliberate die cuesions As a private citizen, the Executive could not nave consented that their institution! should perish ; much less could he have betrayed so vast and so sacred a trust at these free people had confided in him. IIo felt that had nomoral right to shrink nor even to oount the chances of his own life in what might follow. in iuu view ot his great responsibility he has umringiy; upon which I introduced myself, -r" in luiermpiion, .ana stood back to let him pass. But, having thus been made lo know me, he took the occasion to obviate embarrassment by a few apt words, and ended by most courteously showing irio the way to Mrs. uiuvuiu o icucpuon-room. With my four or five years "court life" in Europe, 1 had never seen that awkward matter for a functionary, an unexpected and brief interview with a stranger, more admirably and wtnningly done. It was characteristic, for there was no oeremonv ah.mt It hm hiia - , so far done what he has deemed his duty. You r'u 1 , ' 1 l0,wara mo. was quite as win now, accordi ug to perform yours. He sincerely hopes tbat your Tnl? nntlnna mav art o aaa fl .I.U .. I BUU -j -u.wviu KuumiHig assure I f., p, . faithful citizens, who have been dUn.rh. tn for a. Brn,nnil o approve, ineir ri of the r f ' v v uo a ciivj n inir li hhi. in i . God, and go forward without fear and with woras. loat believing in bim, your own judgment T, uuny ior nimseir. Though i juugmeni, wnat 00ur,i7 mftnner trina in tmifot.. and presenoe too absolutely natural and direct ior a irnmmei to approve, hut whinh -.,, rights, of a certain and speedy restoration fnVnv "C8edin8'V m,ir9d by a WellinK laws, and having thus chosen ourcourse K n p It is impossible to look i, mre purpose, let us renew nr .,. ; Mr" Wooln s face, and hear him speak a fev manly hearts, (Signed) ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Negro Patriotism. honest as he does tall and he is taller than most people while, in the ahanrhmt of hit frank eyes, and the ready intelligence of mo .natures ana expression, there it plenty of n.Amtn- t L : 1 : . ft vuiina Ui uitaUllly. I sat in my tent door last evening thought- Keutneklane Bound for the South 4th In fully, but very thoughtlessly, humming "Dixie." i nau. noi ooserveu "cnaries, ' a servant of "oon traoand here, who sat lust within the tent. "we stop asingin' dat song now: maHa&l" uiu ne, inierrupuug me. "Why? ' I inquired. , . . cnaries was confused for a moment, but I preBBBU me question, liooiavllle Colleetlne; Old Arm lu All. .FFI-vwuicuniii ioniiiuuou no go HOUSE. WASHtNdToir. July 4 The Clerk aallfd lhA roll, including names from South Carolina, Arkansas, and Florida. Ir. MoClernard protested against Mr. Thayer , being oalled at member from Oregon. Mr. Sbieids's name was paseed over. Mr. Vallandigbam gave notioe of a question of privilege, objecting to Messrs. Mar-iou. Rlalr. and Curtia claiming seats, they having been sworn in at military officers. Mr. Blair denied having been sworn into the military tervice. Mr. Richardson objected to the recognition of Mr. Daily, from Nebraska. The Clerk announoed that 150' members had answered the roll.- ' Mr, Colfax declined being considered a nan ill. date for Speaker. Mr. Hiokman nominated Bloir. CAnnl AI1QA In the galleries )-Mr. MoClernard wish a stop pnt to the nnl in the galleries. Mr. Stephens nominated Grow. Ballot wat then taken. resulting In nn nhnin Mr. Blair withdrew his name. Another ballnt r. suited, whole number 159, Grow 98, Blair 11, Crittenden 12, the rest scattered. Grow on taking the Chair made an addreaa. and took the oath, administered by Washburn of Illinois. Members were then sworn in. A resolution was passed previously, nnaalnir over those objected to, until memberB were duly qualified. Mr. Burnett offered a resolution referring the question of right to seats of Severn. 1 to tha committee on Election!, after that committee is appointed. Mr. Stephens raised a point of order that Mr. Burnett should first call for oertrfioatcs, and then proceed in the proper order. Mr. Burnett said that he only interposed ob jections such as oonsoienoe and duty oompelled um, anu saia jur. upion nau ooutessed himself neligible. Mr. Carlisle, of Va., said he didn't wih any portion of the State lo be unrepresented, by ob- jectiont to any other portion. Ho believed no but which would Prt7 i"- ny State, cither by Convention or otherwise, had power to absolve tbe allegiance they owe this government formed for them by speak a few tneir father. (Deafening applause.) He looks as MP- carnsie cnaraoterized the aotion of Eas- tern Virginia as gross tyranny, and deolared that Western Virginia was determined tn nn. hold Ihe Union. They desired that their vniea shall be heard in the Nation's Capital, in eve rything pertaining to the organization of the House. The resolution wat finally tabled, and Vir-ginia delegation sworn in; also, other delegations. , Louisville, July 5. The Democrat thin mnrn ing, Btates tbat a seoession flag raised vaster. day was torn down and burned by tbe citizens in no neignoornood. The Courier says a company of 110 men frnm Trimble county passed through Louisville, going Another company of 100 The Democrat aays a com- i.'Ueih.e:. ,"a'?: th ni8ers does; y The Unionist, celebrated the Fourth enthusi. uci ,uu uu. uan BBlinallr. th mllit... M. -ll . j.j. - "Where sD xie. CharlM?" , I "r", ""."V F'ueu, "Well," he replied hesitatingly, "It don't SouTh ast .TeXg long to my profession, sir, dat'. all, I t'pose will shortly leave. ,ninr tL'Xl SHIS. !': - P27 X ? ye-" " S Norfolk, data whar 'is," was the indig- .-ft I mr;ii j ' ...... I magnificent national flag was raiaed at Walk- like sheep, a workinir in the faatterfoal" "hp -:.u :i "u j I m ' . p i . . I nuu Huuiause, eo,o"red PeonTeT Tb r Z Z ! ! "P."' T Mis- k..i, ,u, i j r m sourians, wun arms, are in oamp at tbatciiv North that the slaves do not understand tha A .UaI. ji...... 7 17 .... -.i,- , - . , . rKGVii uioa,uu tu iuu ouuio paper, irom lilt- r ,hnm . . ffdexa.1 army are moving ,ie Rock, July lsays Montgomery and Lane hPr.n 1H SfU h'a ??lLV J h,aT9.reu ' the' Indian country. It also " "" lugiuves has a proclamation from found one whn rliil their frontier, and ordering a rendezvous at. I was particularly struck with this at Hamn. Tk. a '.. n....:.'. ..:..: , , i . , . - . , , r i w AuKuoitt wneiuufiunaiwi minus 11 certain Z Th "ZL i ,n 7l ,-. , Pf that ,h Confederate Constitution will be defeat-grossing, lney crowded together in little bo iiailn I .h i n.i..i- nlnhinS.th7ei'(li8'?iBg.'h0 the rePoriV' the The Gnd Lodge of Odd Fellows in that whoncameain r HtE. 5 Ud! " iimn.tn.n..i.fc..io... ."j ' " Montgomery, to dissolve their connection v vi n nu auiivvr, nuu a-lurtSMftHii rnpm. i(h ilin n-An J T-J TT : i n. . It the u metiers get the fight "I said, "what ealW nn the fitna nffinp . iw n ,1" will it do for you?" - .i Zi"r". " : n n ....'ii i. y.. . - m ... . i tsjuw ouvi. kuud. ur ta-uu um. id ana KC" "Jr" ' H Who stood out of order, and send them to Jack.nn Mi.o. ah citizens are notified to arm themselves with near me, almost in one breath. "But if they lose the battle ?" double-barrelled shot guns. Whoever, in any tection. nfooom-s to abandon sucn a government, would do well to consider in deference to what prinoiple it is tbat he does it. What better hejis likely to get in its stead? Whether the tubsituto will give, or be intended to give to muoh of good to the nesnla. , Thnn. are some foreshadow ings on this subject. Our adversaries have adopted some declarations of indepeudenoe, in which, unlike tha sondoldnna penned by Jefferson, they omit the words "all men areoreated equal." Wbyyhcyhave adopted atem porary National Constitution, in the preamble of -which, unlike, our good old one, signed by Washington, they omit "we tbe people," and substitute "we tbe deputies of the sovereign and independent States." Why this delifceraie pressing out of view the rights of men and the authority of the people? Thia it essentially a people't contest, on the side of the world, that the form and substance of Government, whose leading object is to elevate the condition of men, lo lift artificial weights from all annul. ers, (o clear the paths for laudable nnrauit. for all, to afford all an nnfettered start, and a fair chance ln the race of life, yielding to tbe partial and temporary departures from neces sity. , . . -. Thit it theleading objeot of the government for whose existence we oontend. I am most happy to believe tbat the plain people understand and ppreoiaie mis. it is worthy of note tbat while it'll. i. I. . . . i . . vii. um ix ue woroer ior us dan ebher. ' than ! tu a -.n,.., . 1 i . A. . , " " 1 --"j auw iviuuiLMiio uicu DUKKroio CUUeCUllsT Bll .u, .u.us ,elr neaus mournrully, and in the old iron about plantations, to be moulded their 8in.n1iniiv l-iAlintittir. ., -11 .1 t . . , ... r ' muuiueu 1 'j uvaivrauaL iuni aii inn innilrl II I I tnlA I.mKn n v- I the war hung upon the result of that day. The Legislature of Tennessee just adlourned xuejr ura oouiing in aay oy day, some of them Uam.i1 a hill ...mmi.. ih a,,. u a. manntr no, l .m-l r . . j: r. mr o - iur .mm..6 . .,: i."V. ,: "u", J?! "JT mllt1".' V"P taxation; Another act " ' , 7r. . 8 ""iuiug ae- authorizes the Uovernor o issue Treasury voted to them: Thnra ihnaa th.i .w. n. a I .t , . .,w, . ,1:"urj for elsewhere are sent by Gen. Butler. The less than 6 nor more than 600 dollars u K.e.8 oo'.oon!y oy the name of the "Con- the interest not exceeding 0 per cent tha traband Hotel." Fort Monroe Cor. N. Y. World. to oe receivaoie as currency. Also an act to make tbe Treasury notes of the Confederata States bankable in lennessee. In the affair of the capture of the St. Nichol. . I -1 i. .1.- W...I.-3II- TT ,. I Bpwiai w iuo nooLiiuu Kjmon sayt it was ac STCCK-tJP IMPERUL DRESSINO ASEAJinEllmT Tbe London Court Journal gives an elahnrma description of a magnificent dress in whioh the oompliehed by the Maryland Zouave, Colonel IT I. t.' , ..... ... rn L- . 1 I. I 1 - ., icuvu ouiprcBa appearea ai me last court ball """""i uu uer irom me land at ana adds that the mere ad ust ng of tha drat-a i'oint J-ooaout. ihey also captured a brier In on the night of the ball occupied the space of tne bav d run both into Fredericksburg. The . k e i . . r I : 1 : . o-rr aaa .iMou-iju.iiciB oi an nour, as tne placing of the rr'm vio om,. boquets and diamonds on the skirt cannnf ha ' acoomplished until the dress is on and the Boston, July 4. A great conflagration took whole toilette be oomplete, excepting this last place In East Boston, to day. Wharves and loucn, upon which, however, according lo the 8ttlt Warehouses, aunolk Halt Mills, East BoBton tiring woman' . idea, 'everything depends-' Ir0n Foundry and Machine Shops, Seotional For the more convenient accomplishment of Dock, Marine Railways and nearly all the this, Her Majesty stands npon a high stool dwellings, and Marine and Mechanical Ware- while tbe boquets are being placed nnon tha houses: as well as an immense quantity of Lnm. skirt, so that they are on a level with tbe eyes beri Timber, Marine Storesj also nwulda for the of the babilleuse, who, onder the directions of new gunboat, contracted for by Pant Curtis, the bead tiring woman, who stand at a dit- were burned. Four Vessels were totally de- tance viewing the reflection of the labor in a st roved and five badly burned; also twelve swing-glass, gives her order where each boquet dwelling houses, elsewhere in tbe oily, were un.ii uv piaucu. i Durneu to-day, Thing In Missouri-Jackson to be Can-tnred Hla Whereabout!. St. Lonis, July 8. Offioial information saya . Col. Seegil is at Mt. Vernon, Lawrenoe county, with a strong force, and that Gov. Jackson ia supposed to bave crossed the Arkansas line. The Republiaan learns from letters, dated ' Springfield, June 30, that Jackson, with 1,600 men, wat at Montioello, Vernon county. The Une of Federal troops has been exlendaJ to Sarcoxie, Jasper oounty, through which Jack. son would bave to pass to reach Arkansas, and tne opinion was connaenuy expressed that hp will be taken prisoner, unless he receives larger reinforcements than he is likely to ob'ain. Major Phelpt it detained at Springfield by Important events there, but be will be in Wash- ' ington in time for all important business this session. Friendlier Feeling In Europe The Amir . aud JNavjr. .. Washinotoh, July 6. The European dit patches, it is understood, show an improved disposition in England. From France the Monileur'i artiole, which afforded so much Joy to the secessionists, has been explained away to the evident satisfaction of Seoreia-y Seward. Ihe most hearty and Bincere expressions of sympathy with the United States in the present ' ooutest, are furnished to this government. No privateers will be permitted to enter any foreign port. From these reports there is rejoicing in official quarter that secession is dead and buried in Europe. It, is certain that after tbe disoharge of (ho three months' troops there will still be an available force of 188,000, which added to the regular army will amount to 230,000 officers and men. The probable total amount required for the army, added to tbe appropriation made for tbe year ending with June, 18C0, for the force now in the field, or which has been accepted and will be in the service within the next twenty days, is about $185,300,000. Tbe estimate for the navy is also large. Alexandria, July 4. All quiet. Extra precaution are used to day, and all soldiers are confined to camps, in tbe supposition that Beauregard might attack, thinking to find con fusion and frolicking. Two balloons of the Rebels have been seen reconnoiteriog, the past two days. Gen. Patterson tn Purinlt of the Enemy- Anotlter sueceu- Haroo AmouK Hit Rebel a. Washington, July 6. Gen. Pattorton hat achieved another brilliant and important suc cess. Infoimatlon was reoeived from Martins-burg yesterday, that he entered and passed through that place in the morning, in hot pur suit of the enemy. The army was welcomed with enthusiasm by tbe mass or the people, wbo were gratified by the protection promised, r.nd now given, by tbe government, thus tbe 4th was gloriously celebrated in Martinsburg. Tha secession force which Gen. Patterson scattered on the 2d, when he crossed the river, lost sixty killed and many wounded. Il rallied and pre sented a front, but again retired to a distance of seven or eight miles, where it hat been reinforced.