January 23rd Deaths (Here)January 23 Events:393 – Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his 9 year old son Honorius co-emperor.971 – Chinese history - the war elephant corps of the Southern Han are soundly defeated at Shao by crossbow fire from Song Dynasty troops.1368 – Zhu Yuanzhang ascends to the throne (coronation ceremony) of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming Dynasty rule over China.1510 – Henry VIII of England (age 18 years old), appears incognito in the lists at Richmond joust, & is applauded for his skill before revealing his identity.1533 – Anne Boleyn (2nd wife of Henry VIII) discovers herself pregnant.1546 – Francois Rabelais publishes the Tiers Livre, his sequel to Gargantua and Pantagruel.1556 – Shaanxi earthquake (China) strikes with estimated death toll up to ~ 830,000.1570 – Assassination of regent James Stewart (1st Earl of Moray) sends Scotland into civil war.1571 – The Royal Exchange opens in London.1579 – The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.1656 – Blaise Pascal publishes the 1st of his Lettres provinciales.1719 – The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire.1789 – The 1st Roman Catholic college in the United States, Georgetown College, is founded in Georgetown, Maryland.1793 – Russia & Prussia partition Poland for the second time.1849 – Elizabeth Blackwell (1st US female doctor) is awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute of Geneva, New York.1855 – The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens in Minnesota (at now modern day Minneapolis) - now location of Father Louis Hennepin Bridge.1870 – Marias Massacre, Montana, U.S. - cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans.1879 – Anglo-Zulu War - the Battle of Rorke's Drift ends.1899 – Emilio Aguinaldo sworn in as President of the First Philippine Republic.1904 – Ålesund Fire - in Norwegian coastal town Ålesund, is devastated by fire.1907 – First Native American U.S. Senator, Charles Curtis of Kansas.1912 – The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague.1920 – Netherlands refuses to surrender ex-Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies.1943 – Troops of Montgomery's 8th Army capture Tripoli in Libya from the German-Italian Panzer Army (World War II).1943 – Australian & American forces finally defeat the Japanese army in Papua (World War II).1943 – Duke Ellington plays at Carnegie Hall in New York City for the 1st time.1943 – The Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, & the Sea Horse on Guadalcanal during the Guadalcanal campaign ends.1945 – Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal (World War II).1950 – The Knesset passes a resolution stating that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.1958 – Marcos Pérez Jiménez is overthrown in Venezuela.1960 – The USS Trieste bathyscaphe creates a depth record by descending to 10,911 m (35,798 feet) in the Pacific Ocean.1963 – Guinea-Bissau War of Independence begins - PAIGC guerrilla fighters attacke the Portuguese army stationed in Tite.1964 – The 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.1967 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union & Ivory Coast are established.1968 – North Korea seizes the USS Pueblo (AGER-2), claiming the ship had violated their territorial waters while spying.1973 – President Richard Nixon announces the peace accord between U.S. & Vietnam.1973 – Volcanic eruption destroys Heimaey in the Vestmannaeyjar chain of islands off the south coast of Iceland.1986 – The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducts its 1st members - Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Fats Domino, the Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis & Elvis Presley.1997 – Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to serve as U. S. Secretary of State.2002 – Reporter Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Karachi, Pakistan & is subsequently murdered .2003 – Final communication between Earth & Pioneer 102009 – Dendermonde nursery attack - Dendermonde, Belgium.