Maxime de la Rocheterie on Marie-Antoinette

"She was not a guilty woman, neither was she a saint; she was an upright, charming woman, a little frivolous, somewhat impulsive, but always pure; she was a queen, at times ardent in her fancies for her favourites and thoughtless in her policy, but proud and full of energy; a thorough woman in her winsome ways and tenderness of heart, until she became a martyr."

John Wilson Croker on Marie-Antoinette

"We have followed the history of Marie Antoinette with the greatest diligence and scrupulosity. We have lived in those times. We have talked with some of her friends and some of her enemies; we have read, certainly not all, but hundreds of the libels written against her; and we have, in short, examined her life with– if we may be allowed to say so of ourselves– something of the accuracy of contemporaries, the diligence of inquirers, and the impartiality of historians, all combined; and we feel it our duty to declare, in as a solemn a manner as literature admits of, our well-matured opinion that every reproach against the morals of the queen was a gross calumny– that she was, as we have said, one of the purest of human beings."

Edmund Burke on Marie-Antoinette

"It is now sixteen or seventeen years since I saw the queen of France, then dauphiness, at Versailles; and surely there never lighted on this orb, which she hardly seemed to touch, a more delightful vision. I saw her just above the horizon, decorating and cheering the elevated sphere she had just begun to move in, glittering like a morning star full of life and splendor and joy. Oh, what a revolution....Little did I dream that I should have lived to see such disasters fall upon her, in a nation of gallant men, in a nation of men of honor and of cavaliers! I thought ten thousand swords must have leaped from their scabbards, to avenge even a look which threatened her with insult. But the age of chivalry is gone; that of sophisters, economists, and calculators has succeeded...."

~Edmund Burke, October 1790

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Saturday, December 19, 2015

According to Clement Clark Moore, sugar-plums are so special that of all the possible delights a child might dream of, they top the list.

The children were nestled all snug in their beds,While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads…

So what exactly are these “sugar-plums” dancing in dreamland? At
first glance the “sugar” and “plum” seem obvious. Sweetened fruit,
right?

All of these terms name a sweet made of sugar syrup hardened around a
central seed or kernel in successive layers using a process called
“panning” which is similar to how shelled candies like M&Ms,
jawbreakers, and jelly beans are made. The candy pan is kept in motion
over heat while successive layers of sugar are poured on and allowed to
harden. Sugar-plums or comfits were most often made with caraway, fennel, coriander, or cardamom seeds at the center. Almonds were another classic base for sugar-plum — the
candy then more like a modern-day Jordan almond — as well as
walnuts, aniseed, and even teeny celery seeds. Strips of cinnamon bark,
citrus peel, and ginger root were popular choices too.

In the centuries before mechanization, the process was one of the
most time-consuming, labor intensive, and costly confectionary crafts.
Specialized equipment called a “pearling funnel” or “cot” were needed to
add the sugar, and the repeated “panning” to coat the hard center took
hours up to days depending on the layers required for the size desired.
Colored coatings were popular and created by staining the final layers
of syrup with an edible pigment. Sanders, mulberry juice, and cochineal
were used for red, indigo stone for blue, the juice of spinach for
green, and saffron or gum gambodge for yellow. Only those with extreme
skill could create a quality sugar-plum. Because of this, sugar-plums were a luxury snack for wealthy, aristocratic consumers. (Read more.)

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