1.
Graphics Environment Manager
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The Graphics Environment Manager was an operating environment created by Digital Research for use with the DOS operating system on the Intel 8088 and Motorola 68000 microprocessors. GEM is known primarily as the user interface for the Atari ST series of computers. It also was available for standard IBM PC, at the time when the 6 MHz IBM PC AT was brand new and it was the core for a small number of DOS programs, the most notable being Ventura Publisher. It was ported to a number of computers that previously lacked graphical interfaces. DRI also produced X/GEM for their FlexOS real-time operating system with adaptations for OS/2 Presentation Manager, GEM started life at DRI as a more general purpose graphics library known as GSX, written by a team led by Don Heiskell. Lee Lorenzen who had recently left Xerox PARC wrote much of the code, GSX was essentially a DRI-specific implementation of the GKS graphics standard proposed in the late 1970s. GSX consisted of two parts, a selection of routines for common drawing operations, and the drivers that are responsible for handling the actual output. The former was known as GDOS and the latter as GIOS, originally known as Crystal as a play on an IBM project called Glass, the name was later changed to GEM. Under GEM, GSX became the GEM VDI, responsible for basic graphics, VDI also added the ability to work with multiple fonts and added a selection of raster drawing commands to the formerly vector-only GKS-based drawing commands. VDI also added multiple viewports, a key addition for use with windows, a new module, GEM AES, provided the window management and UI elements, and GEM Desktop used both libraries in combination to provide a GUI. The 8086 version of the system was first demoed at the 1984 COMDEX. GEM Desktop 1.0 was released on 28 February 1985, GEM Desktop 1.1 was released in April,1985, with support for CGA and EGA displays. A version for the Apricot Computers F-Series, supporting 640×200 in up to 8 colors was also available as GEM Desktop 1.2, later that month the company removed the restriction. Applications that supported GEM included Lifetree Softwares GEM Write, at this point, Apple Computer sued DRI in what would turn into a long dispute over the look and feel of the GEM/1 system, which was an almost direct copy of the Macintosh. This eventually led to DRI being forced to change several basic features of the system, Apple would later go on to sue other companies for similar issues, including their copyright lawsuit against Microsoft and HP. In addition to printers the system also contained drivers for some more unusual devices such as the Polaroid Palette, DRI responded with the lawsuit friendly GEM Desktop 2.0, released in March 1986, with support for VGA displays. It allowed the display of two fixed windows on the desktop, changed the trash can icon, and removed the animations for things like opening and closing windows. It was otherwise similar to GEM/1, but also included a number of bug fixes, the last commercial release was GEM/3 Desktop, released in November 1988, which had speed improvements and shipped with a number of basic applications

2.
Deluxe Paint
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Deluxe Paint, often referred to as DPaint, is a bitmap graphics editor series created by Dan Silva for Electronic Arts. The original Deluxe Paint was written for the Commodore Amiga 1000 and it was eventually ported to other platforms, including an MS-DOS version which became the standard for pixel graphics in video games in the 1990s, the only competitor being Autodesk Animator Pro. Dan Silva previously worked on the Cut & Paste word processor, Deluxe Paint began as an in-house art development tool called Prism. As author Dan Silva added features to Prism, it was developed as a product to coincide with the Amigas debut in 1985. Upon release, it was embraced by the Amiga community. It was used almost ubiquitously in the making of Amiga games, animation, Amiga manufacturer Commodore International later commissioned EA to create version 4.5 AGA to bundle with the new Advanced Graphics Architecture chipset capable Amigas. Version 5 was the last release after Commodores bankruptcy in 1994, early versions of Deluxe Paint were available in protected and non copy-protected versions, the latter retailing for a slightly higher price. The copy protection scheme was later dropped, with the development of Deluxe Paint, EA introduced the ILBM and ANIM file format standards for graphics. While widely used on the Amiga, these formats never gained widespread end user acceptance on other platforms, but were heavily used by game development companies. bbm. Deluxe Paint I Deluxe Paint II Deluxe Paint III Deluxe Paint IV Deluxe Paint 4.5 AGA Deluxe Paint V DeluxePaint II for the Apple IIGS was developed by Brent Iverson and released in 1987. Deluxe Paint II for PC came out in 1988, requiring MS-DOS2.0 and 640 kB of RAM and it supported CGA, EGA, MCGA, VGA, Hercules and Tandy IBM-compatible PC graphic cards. Deluxe Paint II Enhanced was released in 1989, requiring MS-DOS2.11 and 640 kB of RAM, Deluxe Paint II Enhanced 2.0, released in 1994, was the most successful PC version, and was compatible with ZSofts PC Paintbrush PCX image format file. The MS-DOS conversion was carried out by Brent Iverson and its features were by Steve Shaw. The sister product Deluxe Paint Animation was widely used, especially in the videogame industry, Deluxe Paint ST was released in 1990, supporting features such as the STE 4096-color palette. After leaving EA in 1989, Silva went on to join the Yost Group, in 2015 Electronic Arts released via the Computer History Museum the source code of Deluxe Paint I for historical reasons. The Amiga natively supports indexed color, where a color value does not carry any RGB hue information. By adjusting the value in the palette, all pixels with that palette value change simultaneously in the image or animation. Creative artists could use this in their animation by using color cycling, Deluxe Paint III added support for Extra Halfbrite

3.
Microsoft Word
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Microsoft Word is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25,1983 under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems, commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite. Microsoft Word Viewer and Office Online are freeware editions of Word with limited features, in 1981, Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUI word processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC. Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix and MS-DOS in 1983. Its name was simplified to Microsoft Word. Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1983 issue of PC World and that year Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows. Unlike most MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse and it was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, WordStar. However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions 2.0 through 5.0 over the six years. In 1985, Microsoft ported Word to Mac OS and this was made easier by Word for DOS having been designed for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public. Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac OS added true WYSIWYG features and it fulfilled a need for a word processor that was more capable than MacWrite. After its release, Word for Mac OSs sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least four years, Word 3.0 included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months, Word 3.0 was superseded by a more stable Word 3.01, after MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mid-1990s, Word for Mac OS never had any serious rivals. Word 5.1 for Mac OS, released in 1992, was a popular word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of use. Many users say it is the best version of Word for Mac OS ever created, in 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST under the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word 1.05 for the Mac OS and was never updated due to the degree of software piracy on the Atari platform. The first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989, with the release of Windows 3.0 the following year, sales began to pick up and Microsoft soon became the market leader for word processors for IBM PC-compatible computers. When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it made Microsoft Word 5.5 for DOS available for download free, as of March 2014, it is still available for download from Microsofts web site. In 1991, Microsoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up, both the Windows and Mac OS versions would start from the same code base

4.
Contiki
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Contiki is an operating system for networked, memory-constrained systems with a focus on low-power wireless Internet of Things devices. Extant uses for Contiki include systems for street lighting, sound monitoring for smart cities, radiation monitoring and it is open-source software released under a BSD license. The name Contiki comes from Thor Heyerdahls famous Kon-Tiki raft, Contiki provides multitasking and a built-in Internet Protocol Suite, yet needs only about 10 kilobytes of random-access memory and 30 kilobytes of read-only memory. A full system, including a user interface, needs about 30 kilobytes of RAM. Contiki is designed to run on types of devices that are severely constrained in memory, power, processing power. Such systems include many types of embedded systems, and old 8-bit computers, the IPv6 stack was contributed by Cisco and was, when released, the smallest IPv6 stack to receive the IPv6 Ready certification.15.4 links. Rime is a network stack, for use when the overhead of the IPv4 or IPv6 stacks is prohibitive. The Rime stack provides a set of primitives for low-power wireless systems. The default primitives are single-hop unicast, single-hop broadcast, multi-hop unicast, network flooding, the primitives can be used on their own or combined to form more complex protocols and mechanisms. Many Contiki systems are severely power-constrained, battery operated wireless sensors may need to provide years of unattended operation and with little means to recharge or replace batteries. Contiki provides a set of mechanisms to reduce the consumption of systems on which it runs. The default mechanism for attaining low-power operation of the radio is called ContikiMAC, with ContikiMAC, nodes can be running in low-power mode and still be able to receive and relay radio messages. The Contiki system includes a simulator called Cooja, which simulates networks of Contiki nodes. One Cooja simulation may contain a mix of nodes from any of the three classes, emulated nodes can also be used to include non-Contiki nodes in a simulated network. In Contiki 2.6, platforms with the TI MSP430, to run efficiently on small-memory systems, the Contiki programming model is based on protothreads. A protothread is a memory-efficient programming abstraction that shares features of both multithreading and event-driven programming to attain a low overhead of each protothread. The kernel invokes the protothread of a process in response to an internal or external event, examples of internal events are timers that fire or messages being posted from other processes. Examples of external events are sensors that trigger or incoming packets from a radio neighbor, thus, a Contiki process must always explicitly yield control back to the kernel at regular intervals

5.
GFA BASIC
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GFA BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language, by Frank Ostrowski. The name is derived from the company, which distributed the software, in the mid-1980s to the 1990s it enjoyed popularity as an advanced BASIC dialect, but has been mostly superseded by several other programming languages. Official support ended in the early 2000s, GFA BASIC was developed by Frank Ostrowski at GFA Systemtechnik GmbH, a German company in Kiel and Düsseldorf. GFA is an acronym for Gesellschaft für Automatisierung, which name to the software. The first GFA BASIC version was released in 1986, in the mid and late 1980s it became very popular for the Atari ST home computer range, since the Atari ST BASIC shipped with them was more primitive. Later, ports for the Commodore Amiga, DOS and Windows were marketed, version 2.0 was the most popular release of GFA BASIC as it offered then many more advanced features compared to alternatives. GFA BASIC3.0 included further improvements like support for user-defined structures, the final released version was 3.6. Around 2002 GFA software ceased all GFA BASIC activities and shut down the mailinglist, due to missing official support and availability of GFA BASIC the user community took over the support and an installed an own communication infrastructure. As of version 2.0, the most popular release, line numbers were not used and one line was equivalent to one command. To greatly simplify maintenance of long listings, the IDE even allowed for code folding and it had a reasonable range of structured programming commands — procedures with local variables and parameter passing by value or reference, loop constructs, etc. Modularization was only rudimentary, making GFA BASIC2.0 best suited for small, the GFA BASIC interpreter is compact and reasonably fast, and was shipped with a runtime that could be distributed freely with ones programs. When a compiler was available, execution speed could be increased by approximately a factor of 2. GFA BASIC integrated neatly into GEM and TOS, the Atari STs operating system, providing menus, dialog boxes, and mouse control. Although the source code was stored in a tokenized version to save room on disk, pieces of code could also be saved in ASCII form. The Atari ST had a user base in Germany, GFAs home market. GFA BASIC for DOS allowed users to write programs that would run under DOS with crude Windows-like GUI interface support and this was useful for writing utilities for low-level disc operations, without the user being restricted to a command-line interface. Porting a GFA program to DOS usually required changing colour values to match the DOS system pallette, GFA BASIC for Microsoft Windows included a thorough implementation of the Windows API calls. Although the product had a number of advantages over some of the more popular products

6.
WordPerfect
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WordPerfect is a word processing application owned by Corel with a long history on multiple personal computer platforms. The program was developed under contract at Brigham Young University for use on a Data General minicomputer in 1979. The authors retained the rights to the program, forming Satellite Software International to sell it under the name WordPerfect in 1980, a port to MS-DOS followed in 1982 and several greatly updated versions quickly followed. The applications feature list was more advanced than its main competition, WordStar. Despite its comprehensive abilities, it gained praise for its minimalistic look of spareness. WordPerfect rapidly displaced most other systems, especially after the 4.2 release in 1986, by release 5.1 in 1989, WordPerfect had become a standard in the DOS market. At the height of its popularity, in the 1980s, it was a dominant player in the processor market, partly because of extensive, no-cost support. While best known in its DOS and Microsoft Windows versions, its popularity was based partly on its availability for a wide variety of computers. Its dominant position ended after a release for Microsoft Windows. Microsoft Word, having been tuned for some time on the Mac, was introduced at the time in a much superior version. Word rapidly took over the market, helped by aggressive bundling deals that ultimately produced Office, the common filename extension of WordPerfect document files is. wpd. Older versions of WordPerfect also used file extensions. wp. wp7. wp6. wp5. wp4, Bastian and Ashton kept the rights to the WordPerfect software they produced. The two founded Satellite Software International, Inc. of Orem, Utah, to market the program to other Data General users, WordPerfect 1.0 represented a significant departure from the previous Wang standard for word processing. The first version of WordPerfect for the IBM PC was released the day after Thanksgiving,1982 and it was sold as WordPerfect 2.20, continuing the version numbering from the Data General. Over the next months, three more minor releases arrived mainly to correct bugs. The developers had hoped to program WordPerfect in C. Most of the programming languages then available were unsuited for the job. All versions of WordPerfect up to 5.0 were written thus, in addition, WordStar was extremely slow in switching to support for subdirectories

7.
Steinberg Cubase
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Cubase is a music software product developed by German musical software and equipment company Steinberg for music recording, arranging and editing as part of a digital audio workstation. The first version, which ran on the Atari ST computer, in January 2003, Steinberg was acquired by U. S. firm Pinnacle Systems, within which it operated as an independent company before being sold to Yamaha Corporation in December,2004. The operator can mix the various tracks down into a stereo. wav file ready to be burned to a compact disc in Red Book format, or. mp3 burned to CD or DVD as files. Cubase has existed in three main incarnations, initially Cubase, which featured only MIDI, and which was available on the Atari ST, Macintosh and Windows. After a brief period with audio integration, the version, Cubase VST. It added Virtual Studio Technology support, a standard for audio plug-ins, Cubase VST was only for Macintosh and Windows, Atari support had been effectively dropped by this time, despite such hardware still being a mainstay in many studios. Cubase VST was offering an amount of power to the home user. By the time it did, VSTs audio editing ability was found to be lacking, to address this, a new version of the program, Cubase SX was introduced, which dramatically altered the way the program ran. This version required much relearning for users of older Cubase versions, however, once the new methods of working were learned, the improvements in handling of audio and automation made for a more professional sequencer and audio editor. A notable improvement with the introduction of Cubase SX was the audio editing. Early versions of Cubase VST did not have this ability, Cubase SX also featured real-time time-stretching and adjustment of audio tempo, much like Sonic Foundrys ground-breaking ACID. In September 2006 Steinberg announced Cubase 4 - the successor to Cubase SX3, notable new features include control room, a feature designed to help create monitor mixes, and a new set of VST3 plug-ins and instruments. There are also lighter economic alternatives by Steinberg, originally named Cubasis, later becoming Cubase SE, for its sixth generation, the program was renamed Cubase Elements 6. The name change was done presumably, because its rival Cakewalk had taken the Essential branding for its own entry-level DAW software, while the full version of Cubase features unlimited audio and MIDI tracks, lesser versions have limits. For instance, Cubase Elements 6 has a maximum of 48 audio track and 64 MIDI tracks, in 2013, Steinberg introduced Cubasis for iPad, a Cubase for iOS. This version was a rewrite and supports MIDI and audio tracks, audiobus. 2014 Updates brought automation and Inter-App Audio, Cubase does not support high DPI screens. Cubase VST3.7 in 1999 introduced a virtual instrument interface for software known as VSTi

8.
Atari ST BASIC
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Atari ST BASIC was the first dialect of BASIC that was produced for the Atari ST line of computers. It was bundled with all new STs in the years of the STs lifespan. However, many users disliked it, and improved dialects of BASIC quickly came out to replace it, Atari commissioned MetaComCo to write a version of BASIC that would take advantage of the GEM environment on the Atari ST. This was based on an already written for Digital Research called DR-Basic. The result was called ST BASIC, at the time the ST was launched, ST BASIC was bundled with all new STs. A further port of the language called ABasiC ended up being supplied for a time with the Amiga. The user interface consisted of four windows, however, the windows could only be selected with the mouse, this became cumbersome. As it came standard with many early STs for several years, if a computer magazine was to publish some code, or if someone was to distribute a BASIC file, then using ST BASIC would maximise the number of people who could run the program. However, many found it inadequate for their needs. It did not help matters that GEM on the ST was limited to four windows, compute. in September 1987 reported on one flaw that it described as among the worst BASIC bugs of all time. Typing x =18.9 resulted in not yet done System error #%N, please restart Similar commands. After citing other flaws the magazine recommended avoid ST BASIC for serious programming, the relatively low quality of ST BASIC quickly opened up a market for third-party BASICs on the ST. FaST BASIC and GFA BASIC were two of the first of these third-party BASICs to be released, as these BASICS were not free, a program written in one of these BASICs could only be listed and run if the user had that BASIC. By then, HiSoft BASIC, Omikron BASIC and STOS BASIC had appeared, some of these BASICs even started to be bundled with new STs in the later years

9.
DEGAS (software)
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DEGAS and DEGAS Elite are bitmap graphics editors created by Tom Hudson for the Atari ST and published by Batteries Included. Antic magazine published winners of an art competition for using the software in July 1986. Hudson created some of the paintings that shipped with DEGAS. The working title of DEGAS was HUDraw, where HUD stood for Hudson, gary Yost of Antic Software wanted to publish DEGAS, but Hudson chose Batteries Included because they were, in my opinion, the best Atari software company at the time. Yost and Antic Software published Hudsons next program, CAD 3D, neoChrome List of raster graphics editors Comparison of raster graphics editors DEGAS Elite advertisement

10.
Lattice C
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The Lattice C Compiler was released in June 1982 by Lifeboat Associates and was the first C compiler for the IBM Personal Computer. The compiler sold for $500 and would run on PC DOS or MS-DOS, the hardware requirements were 96KB of RAM and two floppy drives. It was ported to other platforms, such as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, OS/2, the Commodore Amiga, Atari ST. The compiler was subsequently repackaged by Microsoft under an agreement as Microsoft C version 2.0. Microsoft developed their own C compiler that was released in April 1985 as Microsoft C Compiler 3.0, Lattice was purchased by SAS Institute in 1987. After this, support for other platforms dwindled until compiler development ceased for all platforms except IBM mainframes, the product is still available in versions that run on other platforms, but these are cross compilers that only produce mainframe code. Some of the early 1982 commercial software for the IBM PC was ported from CP/M to MS-DOS using Lattice C including Perfect Writer, PerfectCalc and this suite was bundled with the Seequa Chameleon and Columbia Data Products. It cited the softwares quick compile and execution times, small incremental code, best documentation, PC Magazine that year similarly praised Lattice Cs documentation and compile-time and runtime performance, and stated that it was slightly superior to the CI-C86 and c-systems C compilers. DOS and OS/2 compiler at the Wayback Machine