PRELIMINARY REMARK.

__________________

Officers of artillery ought to be
well acquainted
with the Infantry Tactics as well as those of the Cavalry, in order
that they
may be capable of manoeuvring their batteries in the field so as to
conform
thereto without embarrassing the movements of the other arms.

The right and left of the piece, as
relates to the station of the men, is determined by the position of the
man
placed in rear of the gun, and looking towards the muzzle.
The reverse is the case with the limber, the
right and left of which is always determined by the right and left of
the
driver.

The squad for the service of a
field-
piece, is formed in two ranks in close order, from right to left, as
follows:- Chief of the piece, covered
by the non-commissioned officer; No. 5, covered by No. 6; the gunner of
the
right, covered by the gunner of the left; No. 3, covered by No. 4; No.
1,
covered by No. 2.

If the squad, marching in line,
halts in
rear of the gun, it will take post in the following manner;

SQUAD-
BY
LEFT FLANK, BY FILE RIGHT- POSTS- MARCH.- At the word MARCH, the squad
faces to
the left and wheels by file to the right; when within ten paces of the
gun, the
ranks oblique to the right and left on each side of the gun, and the
men post
themselves as follows: (FIG. 1)

The chief of the piece, on a line
with
the end of the pole, one pace to the right, and facing the piece; the
non-commissioned officer on the left, opposite the swing tree
bar. If there be a caisson, he places himself
near it; No.s 5 & 6, abreast the naves of the small
wheels; the gunners
abreast the cascable; No.s 3 & 4 abreast the naves
of the large wheels,
and No.s 1 & 2 abreast the muzzle.
The whole facing the gun, on lines eighteen inches from the ends of the
axletrees, and dressing on No.s 1 & 2.

PART
III. OF THE PIECE.

No.s 1 & 2
distribute the
implements thus:- To No. 1, the rammer, which he places in the sponge
hooks. To
No. 2, an ammunition pouch. To No. 3, the lint-stock, portfire-stock,
and
portfire-case. To No. 4, the
priming-wire, tube-box, and ammunition-pouch.
To No.s 5 & 6, each an ammunition-pouch.
The matrosses attached to the piece have also long bricoles,
which are hung from right to left over the ammunition-pouch-belt.

If the squad arrives in front of
the
gun, the men take their posts by inverse means, at the command, SQUAD,
BY RIGHT
FLANK, BY FILE LEFT- POSTS- MARCH.

ATTENTION- UNLIMBER.- No. 5 moves
to the
middle of the pole and raises it; the gunner of the right unhooks the
lashing-chain, and aided by the gunner of the left, raises the
trail. With twelve pounders, No.s 3 & 4
assist
the gunners.

When the trail is disengaged from
the
limber, No.s 5 & 6 advance the limber three paces,
and the trail is let
down; the gunners place the ammunition-box on the limber between the
hounds;
the gunner of the right then gives the word march, at
which No.s 5
& 6 move the limber twelve paces to the rear, inclining to the
right, and
then wheel it left- about, the pole towards the gun and covering
it. No. 4 unhooks the handspikes, gives one to
No. 3, and they fix them in the pointing rings. No. 3 fixes
the portfire to the stock, and No. 1 takes the sponge
from its hook.

If the piece arrive on the ground
in
rear of the line which it is to occupy in battery,
the word Is given IN
BATTERY, immediately after the word UNLIMBER.
The limber is withdrawn as above, and as soon as the ammunition-box is
placed on it, it is wheeled left- about, and passing through the
interval on
the right of its piece, is moved twelve paces to the rear, and again
wheeled
left- about. As soon as the limber has
passed the piece the gunners go to the pointing handspikes, and
No.s 1, 2, 3
and 4, to the wheels. The trail is then
turned right- about, and the men take their posts as before.

No. 2. On a line with the muzzle
eighteen inches, without the rim of the wheels, facing the piece, with
an ammunition-pouch slung from right to left.

No. 4. On a line with the cascable,
dressing on No. 2, holding the priming-wire in the right hand, the
thumb through the ring; the tube-box buckled around the waist, and an
ammunition-pouch hanging on the left side.

The gunner on a line with the
middle of the trail handspikes, dressing by the left, and wearing the
finger-stall on the middle finger of the left hand.

No. 6, carrying an
ammunition-pouch, is with the ammunition box, and supplies No. 2 with
ammunition.

The non-commissioned officer is
with the caisson, forty-five paces in rear of the limber; or at, and in
rear of the ammunition-box, if there be no caisson.

On the Right.

No. 1. On a line with the muzzle,
eighteen inches without the rim of the wheel, facing the piece, holding
the sponge-staff horizontally with both hands; the right hand, nails
downwards, near the rammer head; the left hand, nails upwards, about
two feet from the sponge.

No. 3. On a line with the cascable,
dressing on No. 1, holding the lint-stock in his left hand, and the
portfire-stock in his right; the portfire-case hanging on the left side.

The gunner on a line with the
middle of the trail-handspikes, dressing by the right.

No. 5, carrying an
ammunition-pouch, is with the caisson, near the non-commissioned
officer, or with the ammunition-box, if there be no caisson.

The chief of the piece is midway
between the limber and the trail handspikes, observing all that passes
at the gun, the limber, and the caisson

with the left
foot eighteen inches, throwing the weight of the body on the left leg;
left
knee bent; right leg extended; heels on a line parallel to the piece;
feet
equally turned out and forming something less than a right angle;
sponge staff
held horizontally in both hands, the right above, the left below the
staff; the
body steady; the arms hanging without restraint.

No. 2 makes a similar movement to
the
right, throwing the weight of the body on the right foot.

No. 3
unhooks the water-bucket, places it under the end of the axletree; half
face to
the left; plants his lint-stock in the ground; lights his portfire,
holding the
stock in the right hand, fire downwards, and about four inches form the
ground;
arms without constraint.

No. 4 takes
off the apron.

The gunner of the right steps off
with
the right foot, places himself between the trail handspikes, directs
the piece
and resumes his position, stepping off with the left foot.

The gunner on the left stands fast.

No. 5 advances briskly with
ammunition
from the caisson, to replace No. 6.

No. 6 moves quickly with ammunition
on
rear of No. 2; hands him a cartridge, and returns to the caisson to
replace No.
5.

LOAD.-
The gunner of the left, stepping off with the right foot, advances to
the breech of the gun placing the left foot opposite the vent, inside
the
wheel, throwing the weight of the body forward on the left leg, the
knee bent;
the right leg extended to the rear of the piece. He stops the
vent with the middle finger of the left hand, at the
moment the sponge reaches the bottom of the bore; presses hard upon the
vent
till the sponge is withdrawn, and removes his finger when the cartridge
is
inserted; seizes the elevating screw with the right hand, and gives the
proper
elevation; then raises himself erect on the right foot, steps back with
the
left, and resumes his position.

No. 1 rises erect on his right leg;
raises the sponge-staff horizontally as high as the chin, extending the
right
arm the whole length, to pass the sponge over the wheel; makes a long
step with
the left foot, which he places on a line with the swell of the muzzle;
throws
out the right foot eighteen inches to the right of the left heel, and
on a line
with it, the

PART
III. OF THE PIECE.

feet equally
turned out, the body inclined to the right; introduces the sponge, with
the
left hand, into the bore of the gun, pushes it to the bottom with the
right,
the left hand sliding along the staff, raising the body erect on the
left leg,
parallel with the piece; casts his eye on the vent, to see that it is
stopped;
turns the sponge two or three times at the bottom of the bore, and then
withdraws it by a uniform motion with the right hand, the body again
inclined
to the right, keeping his eye on the range of the sites of the piece;
receives
the staff near the sponge, on the palm of the left hand, with which he
throws
the sponge end over his right, letting the staff slide through his
right hand,
until it comes near the sponge head, and while it is thus sliding,
drops the
staff near the rammer-head, into the hollow of the left hand, between
the thumb
and fingers, ready to enter the rammer-head into the bore.
The cartridge being placed in the bore by
No. 2, No. 1 pushes it home with one stroke, throwing the weight of his
body on
his right arm, to force the cartridge to the bottom of the bore, and
dropping
the left arm. He withdraws the rammer
by a smart impulse of the right hand, seizing the staff with the same
hand,
near the rammer-head, throwing over the sponge-head, and letting and
letting
that end of the staff fall into his left hand in a horizontal position,
at the
same time resuming the position of to action, by
stepping back with the
right foot, and bringing the left on a line with the axle.

No. 2 rises on the left leg,
advances
the right foot even with the swell of the muzzle, brings up the left,
places
the cartridge in the bore with the left hand, and resumes the position
of to
action, by stepping back with the left foot.

No. 4 advances with the left foot,
bringing
up the right, pricks with the right hand, places the tube with the
left,
resumes his position by stepping back with the right foot, and makes
the signal
to No. 3, to fire, by raising his right hand above his head; at which

No. 3 raises the right arm, without
bending the wrist, and applies the flame of the portfire to the tube,
taking
care not to hold it directly over the vent.

The piece being fired, is again
loaded
in the same manner, by the command LOAD.

The fire ceases by a roll of the
drum,
or by the command TO POSTS, at which No. 3 extinguishes the portfire,
and all
resume the position in halting.

ATTENTION- ADVANCE LIMBER- MARCH.-
No. 1
places the sponge in the sponge-hooks.
No. 3 hooks the water-bucket.
The gunners unfix the handspikes, and pass them to No. 4, who, with the
aid of No. 2, secures them in the square ring and upon the
hooks. No.s 5 & 6 advance with the limber,
obliquing to the right, so that in wheeling left- about, the limber may
be
three paces in rear of the trail. The
gunners take the ammunition- box from the limber and place it between
the
flasks of the carriage, and then raise the trail sp that the carriage
can be placed
on the pintle. No.s 4 & 5 back the
limber, to bring the pintle under the lunette.
The gunner of the right hooks the lashing- chain, and all resume their
posts.

ATTENTION- LIMBER TO THE FRONT-
MARCH.- No.s 5 & 6 advance the
limber three paces in front of the muzzle, in such manner as that the
left
wheel of the limber shall be on a line with the right wheel of the
piece,
passing on the right, the gunners and matrosses stepping near the
flasks, to
let the limber pass. As soon as it has
passed, the gunners step to the trail handspikes; the matrosses to the
wheels. The muzzle is then turned
right- about on the right wheel, No. 2 placing his feet on the lower
felloes of
the right wheel, and supporting himself by the upper spokes.
The trail is fixed upon the limber as
before.

In manoeuvring with bricoles, to is
necessary to increase the number of men for each piece. Two
are therefore added to a six-pounder,
four to a howitzer, and six to a twelve-pounder. The
auxiliaries are numbers, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.

The piece being on its limber, the
auxiliaries are stationed on each side of it, after the matrosses and
towards
the pole, one pace distant from each other, and provided with shortened
bricoles. The matrosses have their bricoles
at full length.

FORWARD.- (FIG. 3.)- The gunner of
the
left detaches a handspike, and takes it to the end of the pole, where,

PART
III. OF THE PIECE.

assisted by
the gunner of the right, he forms two loops with the breast- chains,
through which
he introduces the hand-spike across the pole horizontally.
Both gunners place them-selves behind this
handspike, and are assisted by No.s 5 & 6, who are
stationed outside of
them, to propel the piece. No.s 1
& 2 hook their bricoles to the washer- hooks, 3 & 4 to
the retreat-
hooks. The non-commissioned officer,
when there is no caisson, is on the left of the chase. Those
on the right, hook with the right
hand- those on the left, with the left hand.

MARCH.- All press forward, holding
the
bricole in the hand next the piece.

HALT.- All stand fast, keeping the
bricoles attached.

TO POSTS.- The men on the right
turn to
the left, and unhook with the left hand; those on the left perform the
same
movement in an inverse manner; the gunner of the left replaces the
handspike,
and all resume their posts.

The commands UNLIMBER and IN
BATTERY,
are executed in the manner already prescribed.
The auxiliaries follow the limber, and take post on each side of the
pole, one pace from each other.

Being in
battery, to advance and retreat.

FORWARD.- (FIG. 4.)- The gunners
seize
the trail handspikes with both hands: they are assisted by the
non-commissioned
officer, who is between them. No.s 1
& 2 hook their bricoles to the advancing hooks- 3 & 4
to the washer-
hooks: those on the right with the left hand- those on the left with
the right
hand. No. 1 carries the sponge-staff
horizontally in the right hand, the sponge-head forward.
No.s 4 & 5 are posted at the end of the
pole of the limber, and with it follow the movements of the
piece. No.s 7 & 8 double on 1 & 2,
and 9
& 10 on 3 & 4. No.s 11 &
12 are at the supporting handspikes.

MARCH.- The men at the handspikes
raise
the trail; those with the bricoles draw with spirit, holding the trace
with the
hand next the piece. No.s 5 & 6
conduct the limber, preserving the prescribed distance from the piece.

HALT.- The trail is lowered to the
ground, and the bricoles extended.

PART
III. OF THE PIECE.

TO POSTS.- The men face outward
from the
piece, and unhook bricoles; those on the right, with the right hand-
those on
the left, with the left hand, and all resume their posts.

RETREAT.- (FIG. 5.) The gunners
seize
the trail-handspikes with one hand, facing to the rear. The
non-commissioned officer is on the left
of the muzzle. No.s 1 & 2 hook to
the washer hooks, 3 & 4 to the retreat hooks, those on the
right, with the
right hand- those on the left with the left hand.
No.s 5 & 6 wheel the limber left-about, to precede
the
piece. No.s 7 & 8 double on 1
& 2, and 9 & 10 on 3 & 4.
No.s 11 & 12 are at the supporting handspikes.

TO POSTS.- The men face outwards;
those
on the right unhook with the left hand-
those on the left with the right hand.
No.s 5 & 6 wheel the limber left-about, the pole
towards the piece,
and all resume their posts.

FRONT-FACE.- All face to the front,
No.s 1 & 2 abreast the muzzle, 3 & 4 abreast
the naves, the gunners
abreast the cascable, 5 & 6 abreast the end of the pole, the
auxiliaries in
their rear, one pace from each other; the non-commissioned officer in
rear of
the ammunition-box. No. 1 carries the
sponge horizontally in his right hand.

If the piece be on the limber, the
word
REAR-FACE is substituted for FRONT-FACE.

In descending a hill, it may be
necessary to support the piece in retreat, to prevent a too rapid
descent; in
such case, the chief of the piece gives the words No.s 1 AND
2, ( or as many
as necessary) SUPPORT- IN RETREAT.
Those designated take the bricole from the shoulder.
No.s 1 & 2 hook to the advance hooks,
the others at the washer hooks, holding the straps of the bricoles in
the hand.

Four horses are required for the
piece,
and the same number for the caisson. In
the movement of the piece with horses, the right and left implies that
side as
relates to the drivers.

The piece is supposed to be on its
limber, with its caisson in rear, and
to be served by a squad either on horse or foot.

The men on foot take post in the
manner
already pre-scribed, except the chief of the piece and the
non-commissioned
officer, the former is on the left of the drivers of the

PART
III. OF THE PIECE.

leading
horses of the gun, the latter in a corresponding position at the
caisson.

If the squad be mounted, it is
formed in
two ranks in rear of the piece. At the
word TO POSTS-MARCH, it moves up to within one pace of the muzzle; the
chief of
the piece takes post on the left of the driver of the leaders and the
non-commissioned officer at the caisson, as above. Two
auxiliaries are added to the squad in horse artillery, to
hold the horses; their position is in the centre of each rank
of the
squad.

FORWARD-MARCH.- The drivers urge
their
horses, and the piece advances followed by its caisson, the leading
horses of
which are one pace from the muzzle of the piece; or, in horse
artillery, one
pace from the rear-rank of the squad.

To
prepare for manoeuvring. (FIG. 6.)

HALT- UNLIMBER- FIX- PROLONGE.- The
limber being withdrawn the gunners uncoil the prolonge; the gunner of
the left
passes the pointed end downwards through the right staple-ring of the
limber,
then under the guides, and upwards through the left staple-ring,
drawing it so
that the ring of the prolonge, twenty-four feet from the key, may be
under the
centre of the sweep-bar, and securing it under the guides with the
prolonge
knot. The gunner of the right passes
the key (or T) through the lashing ring in the trail-transom, draws it
up, and
secures it in the prolonge ring under the sweep-bar. The
prolonge is then double, or twelve feet long, which is the
proper length for firing in retreat or advance.

In horse artillery, at the word
UNLIMBER, the gunner of the right gives the word dismount, when
all,
except the two auxiliaries dismount; each man draws the curb-reins
through the
loop of the martingale, passing the end under the cloak strap near the
left
knee, gives the snaffle-reins to the auxiliaries, and takes his post as
in foot
artillery. When the chief of the piece
and the non-commissioned officer dismount, the former gives his horse
to one of
the drivers of the piece, and the latter to one of the drivers of the
caisson.

The prolonge being fixed, the
gunner of
the right gives the word mount, when all mount and
take post in rear of
the piece.

PART
III. OF THE PIECE.

If the prolonge is to fixed for
crossing
a ditch, the command is given- FIX PROLONGE FOR PASSING A DITCH.- The
key is
secured in the lashing-ring, and the prolong is at its full length,
twenty-four
feet.

To coil the prolonge, the command
is
given- UNFIX AND COIL PROLONGE-ADVANCE LIMBER.- The gunner of the right
disengages the key from the lashing-ring; the gunner of the left coils
the
prolonge round the end of the hounds; the drivers rein back their
horses, the
chief of the piece directing so that the trail may pass over the
pintle, and
the piece is limbered.

The prolonge must always be
uncoiled and
fixed before the piece arrives in line.

To change
direction.

A piece manouvring with the
prolonge may
be wheeled on either a moveable or fixed pivot.
In the first case, the prolonge is stretched
and the piece is turned advancing. In
the second, the prolonge is slackened by backing the wheel horses,
which are
then turned short to enter the new direction.

PIECE-LEFT WHEEL-MARCH.- The driver
of
the leading horses takes the new direction, and when the wheel is
completed,
the chief gives the word forward-march.

The caisson wheels at the same
point
where its piece had wheeled, the non-commissioned officer giving the
words caisson-left
wheel-march.

Wheeling to the right is performed
on
the same principles.

All wheels of the half circle are
made
to the left where practicable.

PIECE- LEFT-ABOUT WHEEL- MARCH.-
The
leading horses are wheeled left-about.
The wheel-horses back the limber, and wheel left-about, the wheel of
the
limber passing over the prolonge. At
the word WHEEL, the men on the right of the piece, face to the right,
and
passing the muzzle, move round and form in rear of the men on the
left. The wheel being completed, the men on the
left, face to the left, pass the muzzle, and resume their posts on the
left of
the piece.

To wheel the caisson left-about, it
is
first wheeled to the left, advances twelve paces, then wheels again to
the
left, and obliques on the new direction.
A piece on its limber wheels in the same manner.

PART
III. OF THE PIECE.

In Line
and in Battery.

A piece is in line,
when the
horses heads are towards the enemy, and the leading horses
of the caisson are
forty-five paces from the muzzle of the gun.
A piece is in battery, when its muzzle is towards
the enemy, the
horses heads to the rear, the leading horses of the piece
forty-five paces
from the caisson.

Being in
Line, to form in Battery.

PIECE- LEFT-ABOUT WHEEL- MARCH.-
The piece
is wheeled left-about on a fixed pivot, and the men take their posts as
in to action.

In horse-artillery, at the word
WHEEL,
the gunner of the right gives the word dismount,
and the horses are lead
six paces in rear of the leaders of the piece, facing the enemy.

If, when marching in columns of
route,
it become necessary to form battery, the caisson immediately wheels
left-about,
and moves to its proper distance in rear, where it again wheels
left-about.

If the piece were on its limber, it
would oblique to the right before wheeling, so as not to lose its
direction.

To
advance, from Battery.

FORWARD- PIECE, LEFT-ABOUT WHEEL-
MARCH.

}

The piece wheels left-about; the
caisson closes

on its piece
and both move forward.

In horse artillery the words trot-march,
are given, and if the distance to advance be considerable, the gunner
of the
right gives the word mount.

Being in
Battery to fire to the Rear.

FIRE TO THE REAR- PIECE, LEFT-ABOUT
WHEEL- MARCH.- The piece is wheeled
rapidly left-about; the caisson advances at a trot, passes the piece
four paces
to the right, obliques to the left, and takes its position.
As soon as it has passed the firing
commences.

In horse artillery, the men having
charge of the horses move round with them rapidly, in front of the
horses of
the piece.

Being in
March, to fire to the Rear.

FIRE TO THE REAR- PIECE, HALT- TO
ACTION.- The piece halts, and the men
take their posts as in to action.

PART
III. OF THE PIECE.

The caisson,
passing four paces on the right of the piece, advances at a trot to its
proper
distance

In horse artillery, at the word
HALT,
the gunner of the right gives the words- squad- forward,
trot- march.- The squad moves six paces in front
of the
leaders of the piece, and the gunner adds halt- dismount,
when the men
take their posts at the gun.

Being in
March to form line to the Left.

LEFT
INTO LINE- PIECE, LEFT- CAISSON, RIGHT- WHEEL- MARCH.- At the
word MARCH, the piece wheels to the left
on a fixed pivot; the caisson wheels to the right, moves sixty paces in
rear of
the piece, then wheels to the left, moved on until on a line with the
piece,
and wheels again to the left, covering the piece at forty-five paces.

The formation to the right is made
by
inverse means.

Being in
March to form Battery to the Left.

BY INVERSION, LEFT INTO BATTERY.
PIECE, RIGHT WHEEL- CAISSON, RIGHT OBLIQUE- MARCH.

}

The piece wheels to the right

on a fixed pivot;
the caisson obliques to the right, and moves forty-five paces in rear
of the
piece.

In horse artillery, the gunner of
the
right gives the words squad, left-half wheel,
followed by right-half
wheel, and when clear of the piece, forward, right-
wheel, to take
post in front of the leaders; when there he adds, right about
wheel, halt,
dismount.

If there be
not sufficient space on the right for this movement, or of manoeuvring
with a
corps, twenty paces in rear of the line on which the piece is to form
battery,
the command is given- LEFT INTO BATTERY- PIECE, LEFT- CAISSON RIGHT
WHEEL-
MARCH.- The piece wheels to the left,
and advances in that direction, until it has passed ten paces beyond
the line,
when the chief gives the words- piece- left-about wheel-
march- the
piece wheels left-about and halts when the middle of the prolonge is on
the
line of formation. The caisson after
wheeling to the right, moves to its proper distance in rear, obliquing
to the
right and wheeling left-about.

In horse
artillery, the squad halts and dismounts when the piece wheels to the
left.

Battery may
be formed to the right by similar movement.

PART
III. OF THE BATTERY.

To March
in Retreat.

This differs from the march to the
front
only by the caisson preceding, instead of following the
piece. If it be necessary to fire while retreating,
the command is given HALT- TO ACTION, and the fire commences.
In horse artillery, the squad dismounts, and
the horses are led round in front of the leaders.

Six pieces, each with its caisson,
are
here supposed to constitute a battery.
The pieces may be six or twelve-pounders, or twenty-four-pounder
howitzers; or they may be mixed. The
pieces and caissons are numbered from right to left, and they should
not,
except in extraordinary cases, be inverted.
Each chief, in giving the word for a movement, designates his piece by
its number.

The battery is divided into three
sections, each section consisting of two pieces with their caissons,
numbered
from right to left.

The battery is served by a company
consisting of a captain, four subalterns, and a certain number of
non-commissioned officers and privates.
The captain commands the battery.
Three subalterns (or in case of deficiency, senior sergeants) command
sections- the senior the first section, the next the third section, the
next
the second section. The junior
subaltern commands the line of caissons, and is called officer
of the train.

A non-commissioned officer has
charge of
each piece and of each caisson, and directs their movements; the senior
non-commissioned officer of each section of caissons, is the chief of
that
section. Two non-commissioned officers
act as guides or markers.

The right and left of the battery,
whether in line or in battery,
is always the same, and is
determined by standing in front of the battery, with the back towards
the
pieces; in manoeuvring the right and left is determined by the position

PART
III. OF THE BATTERY.

of the
drivers. Wheeling-about is
always to the left, by pieces.

Alignments are made on
the drivers of the wheel-horses; for parade, on the axletrees of the
pieces.

In line, the horses
of the caissons front, as those of the pieces; in battery,
the reverse,
except when formed in retreat, or firing to the
rear.

In
advancing, each piece precedes its caisson; in retreat, each caisson
precedes
its piece; and what is executed by the piece, in the first case,
applies to the
caisson in the second. In either case,
the right or left may be in front.

The
movements of the caissons are regulated by those of the piece, and by
the
orders of the officer of the train.

For
manoeuvring, the battery is formed either in line or in column of
sections. Column of pieces is never
used, but in passing a defile, or on a march, or moving into or out of
park.

A piece, or
caisson, passing another, always moves to the right of the one passed.

The prolonge
is always used when manoeuvring in the presence of an enemy, and in the
firings; but when it is not necessary to form in battery,
the pieces
should be limbered. The words of
command are the same in both cases.

A piece with
four horses, and its prolonge extended, occupies forty-four feet, and
this
interval must be preserved between the pieces in line.

When the
right is in front, the guide is on the left; the reverse is the case
when the
left is in front.

The pieces
are aligned with intervals between them equal to the length of the
piece, which
vary according to the calibers, the number of horses, and as the pieces
are
limbered, or have their prolonges fixed.

The caissons are aligned in rear of
their pieces, the horses heads towards the pieces; the
distance between the
two lines being twice the length of the piece, reckoning from the heads
of the
leaders of the caissons to the muzzles of the pieces.

The captain is in the centre,
twelve
paces in front of the leading horses; the chiefs of sections between
the pieces
of their sections, six paces in front of the leading horses; the chiefs
of
pieces one pace in front of the leaders of their

PART
III. OF THE BATTERY.

pieces; the
gunners and matrosses at their posts on the right and left of their
pieces;- in
horse-artillery they are mounted and formed in two ranks, four paces in
rear of
the muzzles of their pieces; the officer of the train, in the centre of
the
line of caissons, twelve paces in front of the leasing horses; the
chiefs of
caissons, one pace in front of their caissons; the music four paces on
the
right, and in rear of, the muzzle of the first piece.

The formation in line in
retreat, is the same as in line to the
front, except that, in horse-artillery, the mounted squads are four
paces in
front of the chiefs of their pieces.

The heads of the horses of the
pieces
are to the rear, the leaders forty-five paces from the caissons.

The captain is in centre of the
battery,
eight paces in front of the leading horses; the chiefs of sections, in
centre
of their sections, on a line with the limbers; the chiefs of pieces,
midway
between the limbers and the trails of their pieces; the gunners and
matrosses
(foot and horse,) at their posts, on the right and left of their
pieces; the
horses of the squads, opposite their pieces, midway between the pieces
and the
caissons.; the officer of the train, opposite the centre of the
caissons, eight
paces in front of the leading horses; the chiefs of caissons, at their
caissons; the music, four paces beyond the right flanks of the battery,
and
midway between the pieces and caissons.

The battery is drawn up in
line,
generally with the pieces on their limbers.

The captains and chiefs of sections
are
at their posts in line. The gunners
and matrosses, whether foot or horse, are formed in squads twelve paces
in rear
of the muzzles of the guns; the chief of each piece on the right of his
squad. The music are on a line with the
squads, four paces beyond the right flank of the battery.

Each caisson follows its piece, the
leaders of the former, one pace from the muzzle of the
latter. In horse-artillery,

PART
III. OF THE BATTERY.

the mounted
squads are one pace from the muzzles of their pieces, and the leaders
of the
caissons one pace in their rear.

The captain is on the left, abreast
the
centre of the column; the officer of the train on the right of the
column,
abreast the captain; the chief of the first section, at the head of the
column,
one pace in front of the leaders; the chiefs of other sections, four
paces from
the left of the centre of their sections; the chiefs of pieces, by the
side of
the drivers of the leading horses of their pieces; the chiefs of
caissons, on
the right of the column, by the side of their caissons; the guides, one
by the
side of the driver of the leaders of the first piece, the
other in rear of the last caisson; the music sic
paces in front of the head of the column.

In foot-artillery, each carriage is
six
paces from the one which precedes it, measuring from the leaders to the
muzzle
of the gun, or rear of the caisson; in horse-artillery, the same
distance as in
column of pieces.

The chief of the first section, is
two
paces in advance of the centre of his section; the chiefs of the other
sections, in the centre of their sections, abreast the drivers of the
leaders
of their pieces; the chiefs of pieces of the first section, in front of
their
leaders; the chiefs of caissons on the right of the drivers of their
leaders;
the guides abreast of the chiefs of the leading pieces, two paces
outside the
horses; the one on the left is charged with the direction of the
column, the
other preserves the proper distance between the files of
pieces. All the other officers, non-commissioned
officers, matrosses, and music, are placed as in column of pieces.

In marching in retreat,
the
chiefs of sections and the guides take the same positions, relatively
to the
caissons, which they occupy in regard to the pieces advancing.

Caissons forward, trot, march, the caissons, and in
horse-artillery, the squads, close on their pieces.*

Chief of 1st section- Section
forward, guide left.

Chiefs of other sections- Section
right oblique

Commanding officer, re-peated by
chiefs of sections.

}

MARCH.

On the word MARCH, the first
section, followed
by its caissons, moves to the front; the other sections oblique to the
right,
and enter the column, each in rear of the one which precedes it; as
soon as
they are in column, each chief gives the words, forward,
guide left.

To break into column of pieces, the
same
means and com-mands are observed, substituting the word PIECE for SECTION.

On the word MARCH, the sections
wheel to
the right on fixed pivots, and move forward, receiving from the
commanding
officer the words FORWARD, GUIDE LEFT; the caissons wheel a little
before
arriving at the points where the pieces wheeled, and arrange themselves
in
column.

To break into column of pieces, the
same
commands are used, substituting PIECES for SECTIONS; the pieces wheel
on
moveable pivots, in succession, as each has its distance from the
one which
precedes it.___________________________________

*This movement
for caissons and squads is the same for all formations in columns

On the word MARCH, the first
section, followed
by its caissons, moves forward thirty paces, then wheels to the left
and
prolongs its direction; the other sections execute the same movement in
succession, as each has its distance from the one which precedes it.

The movement is executed by pieces,
in
the same manner and by the same commands, substituting the word PIECES
for
SECTIONS.

Chiefs of sections- Pieces,
forward, trot, march. The pieces, and in
horse-artillery, the
squads, close on the caissons.

Chief of 3d section- Third
section,
in retreat, guide right.

Chief of other sections- Section,
right oblique.

Commanding officer, re-peated by
chiefs of sections.

}

MARCH.

On the word MARCH, the caissons of
the
third section followed by their pieces, move forward; the caissons of
the other
sections, followed by their pieces, form into column by commands and
movements similar
to those used in forming to the front into column.

The movement is executed by pieces,
in
the same manner and by the same commands, substituting the words ON
SIXTH
PIECE, for ON THIRD SECTION.

The even pieces and caissons move
forward until they have unmasked the odd pieces and caissons; the
commanding officer
then gives the words- PIECES AND CAISSONS, LEFT-ABOUT WHEEL- MARCH,
when the
whole wheel left-about, and the even numbers resume their places in
line.

If it be a piece, the chief of the
section of the piece named, halts the piece, and its caisson closes on
it; when
the line of caissons arrives abreast of the piece, the chief of the
section gives
the words- (such) piece, right (or left)
oblique- march,
and the piece, followed by its caisson, obliques in rear of the other
piece of
its section.

If the obstacle present itself
before a
section, the chief of the named section causes his section to halt
until the line of caissons is abreast with
his pieces; he then obliques his

PART
III. OF THE BATTERY.

section in
rear of the centre section, if it be one of the wings; or in rear of
the right
section, if it be the centre one.

The obstacle being passed, the
commanding officer orders, (such) PIECE (or SECTION) INTO LINE; on
which the
chief of the section gives the words- (such) piece (or
section) left
(or right) oblique- march,
and the piece or section,
quickening its pace, moves into line

This is done in either advancing or
retreating, by a column of sections or pieces, according to the width
of the
defile, and either by the right or left flank; the command being given-
BY
SECTIONS (or PIECES) FROM THE RIGHT (or LEFT) FLANK, PASS THE DEFILE-
MARCH.

The defile being passed, the
battery or
line is reformed by one of the means prescribed in movements from
column.

On the word MARCH, each piece and
caisson wheels to the right, (or left,) on a fixed pivot; in
horse-artillery,
the squads also wheel to the right, (or left,) and form a third column
between the
pieces and caissons, abreast of the muzzles of their pieces.
The chiefs of sections and of caissons march
on the flank of the column, except the chief of the leading section,
who is at
its head; the chief of the leading piece in front of the leading horses
of his
piece.

To resume the line, the command is
given- PIECES AND CAISSONS LEFT (or RIGHT) WHEEL- MARCH.

Commanding officer,
repeated by chiefs of sections and officer of train- MARCH.

On the word
MARCH, the first section wheels to the right on a fixed pivot, and is
established by its chief on the new line; the other pieces arrive in
succession
on the line, and are dressed by the chiefs of sections on the first
section. The caissons, except the
sixth, wheel to the left; the sixth moves to the front, and the others
wheel to
the right, in succession, as they arrive on the ground which the sixth
occupied; when each arrives opposite its piece, the officer of the
train gives
the words, caissons, right- wheel- march, forward, guide-
right halt, right-
dress.

The change
of front forward on the third section is executed in the same manner,
substituting in the commands, LEFT for RIGHT, and reciprocally.

Commanding officer, repeated by
chiefs
of sections and officer of train- MARCH.

On the word MARCH, the first
section wheels
to the left on a fixed pivot, and is established by its chief on the
new
alignment; the other pieces having wheeled about, oblique to the left,
pass the
new line a few paces, wheel left-about, and are aligned on the on the
first
section, by commands of their chiefs of sections. The
caissons having wheeled about, march to the rear twice the
length of a piece, when the officer of the train gives the words-
caissons,
left- wheel- march; when the head of the column has marched
the length of a
piece, he adds, head of column- left; and when
each caisson is opposite
its piece, caissons, left- wheel- march, followed
by halt, right-
dress.

The change of front to the rear on
the
third section, is executed according to the same principles.

Commanding officer, repeated by
chiefs
of sections and officer of train- MARCH.

On the word MARCH, the second
section
wheels to the left on a fixed pivot, and is established by its chief on
the new
alignment; the first section arranges itself on the line of the second;
the
pieces of the third section having wheeled about, oblique to the left,
pass the
new line a few paces. Wheel left-about, and are aligned on the second
section,
by command of their chief of section.
All the caissons, except the first, wheel to the right; the first moves
forward, the others wheel to the left in succession, as they arrive on
the
ground which the first occupied, and as each arrives opposite its
piece, the
officer of the train gives the words, caissons, left- wheel-
march, followed
by halt, right- dress.

The change of front to the right on
the
second section, is executed by similar means and commands.

To put the column in march, the
commanding officer gives the words- COLUMN, FORWARD, GUIDE LEFT (or
RIGHT)-
MARCH. On the word MARCH, repeated by
the chiefs of sections, the column moves forward. In column
of pieces, the guide is not mentioned in the command.

If while in march, the column is to
change direction by the head, the commanding officer gives the words-
HEAD OF
COLUMN, RIGHT (or LEFT), and the chief of the leading section adds, section,
right (or left)-wheel.
The section wheels to the right (or left) on a moveable pivot, the
pivot-piece describing an arc of a circle in such manner as to clear
the
wheeling point. In foot-artillery, the
pivot-piece slackens

PART
III. OF THE BATTERY.

its pace; in
horse-artillery, the wheeling flank trots.
The wheel being completed, the chief of the leading section gives the
word, forward, and the section resumes the direct
march. The following sections wheel on the same
ground at which the first wheeled, by command of their
chiefs. A column by piece is wheeled in the same
manner.

To halt the column, the commanding
officer gives the words COLUMN-HALT, the word halt
being repeated by the
chiefs of sections.

On the word MARCH, the first
section moves
forward and is established on the line.
The other sections oblique to the left, until they have gained their
respective intervals, when they move to the front and are aligned on
the first
section.

A column by pieces forms line to
the
front by similar commands and means.

Commanding officer, repeated by
chiefs of sections and officer of train,

}

MARCH.

On the word MARCH, each section
wheels
to the left on a fixed pivot, and, when the wheel is completed, each
chief
gives the words, section, halt, right- dress; the
caissons wheel to the right
by caissons, and march in separate and parallel columns; when the head
of each
has marched twenty paces, the officer of the train gives the words, heads
of
columns, left, and when each caisson is opposite its piece,
he adds, caissons,
left wheel, halt, right dress.

A column by pieces forms line to
the
left by similar commands and means: the pieces wheeling in succession,
as each
arrives opposite the place it is to occupy in line.

On the word MARCH, the chief of
first
section gives the words- ­section, right wheel,
followed by forward,
guide right, and when his section has marched twenty paces,
he adds- section,
halt, right dress. The chief of
first section of caissons, gives the words, caissons, left
wheel, trot,
march; and each caisson wheels to the left; when the leading
one has
marched twenty paces-the chief gives the words, head of
column- right, and
when the caissons are opposite their pieces, caissons, right
wheel, march, followed
by halt, right- dress.

The second section continues to
move
forward until abreast of the point it is to occupy in line, when it
wheels to
the right in the manner prescribed for the first section, and is
aligned on
that section; the caissons perform the same movement prescribed for the
caissons of the first section. The
third section executes what is prescribed for the second.

On column by pieces, this movement
is
executed by similar commands and means.

Commanding officer- INTO LINE,
FACED TO
THE REAR,- ODD PIECES FORWARD. Each odd
piece moves up abreast of the even piece of the section immediately
before it.

Commanding officer, re-peated by
chiefs of sections.

}

PIECES RIGHT OBLIQUE- MARCH.

On the word MARCH, the first piece
followed by its caisson, moves forward to the line; the piece then
wheels left-about,
and its caisson, passing to the right, marches to the prescribed
distance in
rear, where it wheels left-about and covers its piece. Each
of the other pieces obliquing to the
right, marches direct to the point it is to occupy in line, and when
there,
wheels left-about, and is aligned on those already
established. The caissons follow their pieces, pass them
on the right, move to their places in line, and then wheel left-about.

PART
III. OF THE BATTERY.

In column by pieces this movement
is executed
by similar means and commands.

On the word MARCH, the second
piece,
followed by its caisson, moves up abreast of the first piece, the
length of a
piece on its left; when the third piece arrives on the ground where the
first
section was formed, the chief of the second section, forms his section
in the
same manner, and by the same commands; and so with the third
section. In foot-artillery the even pieces lengthen
the step, and the head of the column slackens the pace; in
horse-artillery, the
chiefs of the second and third sections give the word trot,
and the head
of the column does not alter its pace.

The sections being formed, the
commanding officer gives the words GUIDE LEFT, and the whole resume the
ordinary pace.

On the word MARCH, the first section continues to
move forward, the other
sections oblique to the left until opposite their intervals, when their
chiefs
give the word forward, and they move up abreast of
the first section;
the caissons follow their pieces; those of the first section slacken
the pace,
until at the proper distance: the caissons of the other sections align
themselves on those of the first. The
line being formed, the commanding officer gives the words GUIDE LEFT
(or
RIGHT), and the whole resume the ordinary pace.

If a column of pieces, or by
sections,
be at a halt, it will form line to the front, by the same commands and
means;
the leading piece, or section, moves forward on the word

PART
III.
CASEMATE GUNS.

MARCH, and
is established on the lines; the others oblique until opposite their
intervals,
then move forward, and are aligned on those already established.

On the word MARCH, the first
section
continues to move forward; in foot-artillery, it quickens its pace: in
horse-artillery,
it moves at a trot: the other sections oblique to the right, each
entering the
column in rear of the one which precedes it.
The column being formed, the commanding officer gives the words GUIDE
LEFT, and all resume the ordinary pace.

The rammer and the sponge (on
different
staves) in a rack over the embrasure.

The ladle in a rack on the left of
the
gun, over the arch.

The worm in a rack on the right of
the
gun, and opposite the ladle.

The lantern on a hook immediately
over
the worm.

The trail-handspikes on the
elevating
transom.

The crowbars (two) on each side of
the
gun, leaning against the front wall, and four feet from their carriage.

PART
III.
CASEMATE GUNS.

A water-bucket on the right of the
gun
in the front angle of the casemate.

A pouch for priming caps hung on
the
cascable, a priming wire attached to it.

The shot and wads on the left of
the gun
in the front angle of the casemate.

Position
of the men at the gun.

One non-commissioned officer and
six
privates are necessary for the service of each gun. They
should be told off before marched to the battery, where they
are posted as follows:

No.s 1 and 3 on the
right of, and three
feet from the carriage, facing the gun, No. 1 opposite the chase, and
No. 3
opposite the elevating screw.

No.s 2 and 4 on the left
of, and three
feet from the carriage, facing the gun, No. 2 opposite No. 1, and No. 4
opposite No. 3.

No.s 5 and 6 in the room
in rear of the
gun, and near the left door, provided with a budge-barrel and pass-box.

The non-commissioned officer is on
either side of the gun, according to the position of the lock, and near
to the
cascable. He tends vent, points, fires,
and commands at the gun.

When the gun is not loaded, it
should be
run from battery, that is, run as far back as the
counter-hurter, and secured
by quoins at each wheel.

To load
and fire.

PREPARE BATTERY.- The
non-commissioned
officer straps the pouch round his waist. No. 1 takes the rammer and
sponge
from the rack and places them against the wall, in the angle of the
casemate on
his right, the sponge up, the rammer-head downwards. No. 2
takes out the tompion and places it by the pile of shot,
and loosens the wads. No. 3 uncoils the
lanyard of the lock and throws it loosely over the cascable.
No. 4 enters the trail-handspikes in the
rings. No.s 5 and 6 prepare the
budge-barrels; and all resume their posts.

LOAD.- The non-commissioned officer
steps on the carriage to tend vent. No.
1 seizes the sponge staff, steps on the carriage, enters the sponge,
and
sponges the gun: he is assisted by No. 2, who also steps on the
carriage. No. 3

PART
III.
CASEMATE GUNS.

seizes the
rammer-staff, and passes the small end through the embrasure- No. 1
receives
the staff in his left hand and passes the sponge-staff behind him with
his
right hand, to No. 3, who places it in its position against the
wall. No. 5 hands a cartridge to No. 4, who hands
it to No. 2. No. 4 also hands the shot
and wads to No. 2, who enters them and assists No. 1 in ramming
down. As soon as the shot is rammed home, No.s 1
and 2 step down from the carriage, and the former places the
rammer-staff
against the wall.

TO BATTERY.- No. 3 and 4
take out the
checking quoins, and all, except No. 5 and 6, assist in
running the gun
out. Care should be taken in running
the gun to battery, not to let the carriage
strike the hurter too hard, lest
the jar should throw the charge forward and prevent its
ignition. The gun should also be run out as far as the
carriage will permit, to prevent injury being done to the embrasure
from the
discharge.

As soon as the gun is run out, the
non-commissioned officer steps on the chasses, cocks the lock, and
places the
percussion cap, keeping his left hand over it to prevent the
concussions of
other guns from jarring it out of place.
Nos. 3 and 4 at the trail-handspikes, and No. 1 at the elevating screw,
give the proper direction and elevation by a motion of the hand from
the
non-commissioned officer. As soon as
these are obtained, the non-commissioned officer steps down quickly
form the
chasses on either side (according to the position of the lock) and by a
smart
pull of the lanyard, fires the piece.

No.s 1 and 2 should be
ready with
checking quoins, to prevent the gun running to
battery. If the gun should not sufficiently
recoil,
No.s 1 and 2 enter the crowbars in the truck wheels, and
assisted by the other
men, heave the gun back at the command HEAVE.
The same would be the case of the gun were to
battery.

When practicable, a
non-commissioned
officer should be placed in charge of four guns, to see that all the
duties are
properly performed, and silence observed.

_______

The foregoing exercise will answer
with
trifling alteration, for barbette guns.

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