FOOTNOTES:

[285] Irish Brooch.—­The brooch figured
above is of great antiquity. It was found in
the Ardkillen crannoge, near Strokestown, county Roscommon.
The original is in the Royal Irish Academy, and is
considered the finest specimen of bronze workmanship
in the collection.

[286] Standing.—­Four Masters, vol.
iii. p. 5, note m.

[287] Mills.—­Dame-street derived
its name from a dam or mill-stream near it. There
was also the gate of Blessed Mary del Dam. The
original name was preserved until quite recently.
In the reign of Charles I. the Master of the Rolls
had a residence here, which is described as being
“in a very wholesome air, with a good orchard
and garden leading down to the water-side.”—­Gilbert’s
Dublin, vol. ii. p. 264. In fact, the
residences here were similar to those pleasant places
on the Thames, once the haunts of the nobility of
London.

[288] Peacocks.—­To serve a peacock
with its feathers was one of the grandest exploits
of mediaeval cookery. It was sown up in its skin
after it had been roasted, when it was allowed to
cool a little. The bird then appeared at the
last course as if alive. Cream of almonds was
also a favourite dainty. Indeed, almonds were
used in the composition of many dishes; to use as
many and as various ingredients as possible seeming
to be the acme of gastronomy. St. Bernard had
already loudly condemned the bon vivants of
the age. His indignation appears to have been
especially excited by the various methods in which
eggs were cooked. But even seculars condemned
the excesses of Norman luxuries, and declared that
the knights were loaded with wine instead of steel,
and spits instead of lances.

[289] Henri-curt-mantel.—­A soubriquet
derived from the short mantle he constantly wore.

[290] Good.—­Even the infidel Voltaire
admitted that the Popes restrained princes, and protected
the people. The Bull In Coena Domini contained
an excommunication against those who should levy new
taxes upon their estates, or should increase those
already existing beyond the bounds of right.
For further information on this subject, see Balmez,
European Civilization, passim. M. Guizot says:
“She [the Church] alone resisted the system
of castes; she alone maintained the principle of equality
of competition; she alone called all legitimate superiors
to the possession of power.”—­Hist.
Gen. de la Civilization en Europe, Lect. 5.

[291] Grounds.—­De Maistre and Fenelon
both agree in grounding this power on constitutional
right; but the former also admitted a divine right.—­De
Maistre, Du Pape, lib. ii. p. 387.

[292] Grant.—­See M. Gosselin’s
Power of the Popes during the Middle Ages,
for further information on this subject.