Recombinant integrins vary in their laminin specificities: alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 have a clear specificity for LM-332 and -511/512, integrin alpha6beta1 has a broad specificity, binding all LM isoforms with a preference for LM-111, -332 and -511/521. Alpha7beta1 variants do not bind LM-332. Alpha7 isoform X1beta1 binds all LM except LM-332, with a preference for LM-211/221 and LM-511/521, while alpha7 isoform X2beta1 binds preferentially to LM-111 and LM-211/221. LM-511/521 has the highest affinity for all LM-binding integrins except alpha7 isoform X2beta1, while LM-411 has low affinity only for alpha6beta1 and alpha7 isoform X1beta1 (Nishiuchi et al. 2006 - all human reagents except mouse LM-111).