Poverty Issues in Bombay, India Bombay, located in India, is India's capital with a population of 18 million people. However half of Bombay’s population is living in tenement housing or are homeless. It’s not uncommon to find families outdoors living under bridges or along railroad tracks. The lives of Bombay’s poor involve terrible poverty, squalor, and almost unimaginable suffering and deprivation. Many people living in Bombay do not have access to clean water or to any hygienic system of disposal of bodily wastes, to say nothing of access to adequate shelter or healthcare. The author notes that if reaching the goal of economic development in Bombay involves enhancing the opportunities of individuals to develop their potential, the goal of economic development is unrealizable because the environment in which about half of the population lives is dangerous to human health. He explains that even if the income of the poor were to increase substantially in Bombay, problems including an inadequate supply of water, the levels of pollution in drinking water, inadequate drainage, the lack of sewage treatment facilities and inadequate household waste removal facilities would not be affected by a general increase in household income. Higher incomes alone would do nothing to address the housing shortage, or problems associated with a lack of adequate facilities for educating children in Bombay. Universal schooling is not the problem; but the problem of improving the quality of school education to the large population of young people in the densely populated slums. Higher incomes would have no effect on the government's ability to deliver basic health care for the population of Bombay. Higher incomes alone would also do nothing to address problems associated with overcrowding including airborne food borne, and waterborne illnesses which include typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, dysentery, and infection by intestinal...

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...Magnitude of Rural Poverty in India
Introduction
Poverty refers to that state or condition which fails to provide minimum necessities of life. Thus, poverty leads to extreme lower standard of living, denying even the basic requirements of life to a vast majority of population.
Poverty can be defined as a social phenomenon in which a section of society is unable to get even the basic necessities of life. When a substantial segment of population is deprived of minimum standard of living, that society is said to be plagued with mass poverty.
Background about Poverty
Study of poverty is an important issue in the field of rural development. No development can be thought of if any household/person in any country lives Below the Poverty Line (BPL).
Planning Commission of India has defined poverty line on the basis of recommended nutritional requirements of 2400 calories per person per day for rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day for urban areas. Based on this, income criterion has been adopted in India to determine poverty line.
The income criterion to determine poverty line in India based on 2004-05 data is stated that all India level minimum income for rural and urban areas for a person per month should be Rs. 356.30 and...

...have no chances at all in getting education. Families only sent their boys to schools and girls will stay at home to learn household works from their mother. The girls were not allowed to explore the world outside. Therefore, women’s knowledge is limited and they would get into marriage in very young age as they thought the only things that they can do is to have own family and take care of it. Because of the inequality, making more inequality and poverty arises. When women are not educated, although they are given the chance to seek for jobs, they only can do simple jobs that make them have only a low bargaining power over their wages. Although women are earning income, but their purchasing power is still low and have less ability to buy their basic goods. However, in the modern society now, the gender inequality has become lesser and the equality is even improving. With more and more women joining the workforce, politic, entrepreneur, and are given better access to food, healthcare and education. These reduced the inequality and poverty in the nations.
In this modernize world, people’s thought of keeping women in the house has been abolished. Most of the parents would send their children no matter boys or girls to the education institutions such as kindergarden, schools, college, university, or tuition centers, for the future generation to have knowledge and skills that can help them to be able to stay in the competitive society. Sending...

...Poverty in India is widespread with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor. According to a 2005 World Bank estimate, 42% of India falls below the international poverty line of US$ 1.25 a day (PPP, in nominal terms 21.6 a day in urban areas and 14.3 in rural areas); having reduced from 60% in 1981.[1] According to the criterion used by the Planning Commission of India 27.5% of the population was living below the poverty line in 2004–2005, down from 51.3% in 1977–1978, and 36% in 1993-1994.[2] A study by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative using a Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) found that there were 421 million poor living under the MPI in eight north India states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. This number is higher than the 410 million poor living in the 26 poorest African nations.[3] However, latest estimates by NCAER(National Council of Applied Economic Research), show that 48% of the Indian households earn more than 90,000 (US$2,025) annually(or more than US$3 PPP per person). According to NCAER, in 2009, of the 222 million households in India, the absolutely poor households (annual incomes below 45,000) accounted for only 15.6 % of them or about 35 million (about 200 million Indians). Another 80 million households are in...

...Poverty has been a serious and long-lasting issue in India. Instead of focusing on the government structure, policy making or economic growth, environmental factors such as natural resources, should also be the used to measure poverty in India. While some scholars argue that environmental quality is not necessary for setting the poverty line, others determine natural resource degradation is crucial for indicatingpoverty. In order to reduce poverty, it is very critical for policy makers to understand how environmental factors affect the well-being of the poor. This research module will provide arguments and instances to support the use of environmental factors as indicators for measuring poverty in India.
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...Poverty in India
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Percent of population living below the poverty line, over the final quarter of the 20th century.
Poverty is widespread in India, with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor. According to a 2005 World Bank estimate, 41.6% of the total Indian population falls below the international poverty line of US$ 1.25 a day (PPP, in nominal terms Indian Rupee ₹ 21.6 a day in urban areas and Indian Rupee ₹ 14.3 in rural areas).[1]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Poverty estimates
* 2 Impact of poverty
* 3 Causes of poverty in India
o 3.1 Caste system
o 3.2 British era
o 3.3 India's economic policies
o 3.4 Liberalization policies and their effects
* 4 Reduction in Poverty
* 5 Efforts to alleviate poverty
o 5.1 Outlook for poverty alleviation
o 5.2 Controversy over extent of poverty reduction
o 5.3 Persistence of malnutrition among children
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 Further reading
* 9 External links
[edit] Poverty estimates
There has been no uniform measure of poverty in India[2][3]. The Planning Commission of...

...Bryon Conner
Economics in Emerging Markets
Poverty in Africa: its effects on production and economic development
La Sierra University
June 14, 2012
Introduction
Poverty is a dangerous weapon that can hinder the growth and development of any society, where it is prevalent. Poverty in Africa has contributed to the spread of preventable diseases, the exploitation of woman and children, violent conflict over scarce resources and political instability. It is important that the world community not only acknowledges the reality of poverty in Africa, but nations and individuals should focus their energy and resources to do something about it. With poverty being so high in Africa it is hindering production and economic development.
Africa is the world’s second-largest and second most populous continent. As well as the world's poorest inhabited continent, as measured by GDP per capita It accounts for about 14.72% of the world’s human population. In 2006, 34 of the 50 nations on the United Nations list of least developed countries are in Africa. Many nations in Africa, GDP per capita is less than $200 per year, with a majority of the population living on much less. There is 64% population live in rural areas, and a 2.5% annual population growth.
Because of the poverty in Africa it is causing a chain reaction,...

...Population below poverty line: 32.9% (2006 est.)
|Year |Population below poverty line |Rank |Percent Change |Date of Information |
|2009 |30 |73 | |2003 est. |
|2010 |32.9 |59 |9.67 % |2006 est. |
|2011 |32.9 |58 |0.00 % |2006 est. |
Definition: National estimates of the percentage of the population falling below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
http://www.indexmundi.com/philippines/population_below_poverty_line.html
Philippines
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A man is rescued as part of an emergency simulation on Manila Bay involving the Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine Navy, the National Disaster Coordinating Council and the Japanese Coast Guard. The simulation was part of an ASEAN disaster response exercise. Photo: Claire Dennis.
• Australian aid activities in the Philippines
• Country strategy
• AusAID Manila office
• Publications
The...