Gratian's Decretum includes provisions from Second
Lateran Council of 1139, condemning clerical marriage
Abbot Sugar builds St. Denis (regarded as first Gothic church).

1142

Death of Peter Abelard.

1152-1190

Frederick Barbarossa reigns.

1153

Death of Bernard of Clairvaux, second founder of the
Cistercian Order.

1154-1189

Henry II, king of England, second
husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine.

1155

Death of Arnold of Brescia, advocate of a Church
without wealth.

1155-1205

Noyon Cathedral.

1158

Frederick Barbarossa issues Constitutio Habita,
protecting the societas socii at the University of Bologna.

1163-1250

Notre Dame Cathedral.

1170

Martyrdom of Thomas Beckett in Canterbury
Cathedral.

1179

Third Lateran Council condemns Peter Waldo.

1180-1223

Philip II Augustus, king of
France.

~1180

Giraldus Cambrensis reports the presence of scholars
at Oxford.

1198

Death of Averroes (ibn Rushd).

1198-1216

Pontificate of Innocent III.

1200

Edict of Philip
Augustus guarantees that Provost will respect the rights and
privileges of the scholars at the University of Paris.

1204

Sack of Constantinople.

1205-1220

Chartres Cathedral.

1209

Innocent III approves Francis' first rule orally.

1209-1229

Albigensian Crusade.

1214

Emperor Otto of
Brunswick and John Lackland defeated by Philip Augustus of France,
Innocent III, and Frederick's German allies at Bouvines.

1215

Magna Carta signed at RunnymeadeFourth
Lateran Council affirms transubstantiation, recognizes Mendicant friars,
outlaws other new orders, requires Jews to wear special clothing, and
establishes the Inquisition.

1215-1250

Rule of Frederick II (successively
King of Germans, Holy Roman Emperor, and King of Jerusalem).

1217-1221

Children's Crusade.

1222(?)

University of Padua.

1217

Order of Preachers approved by Honorius III.

1221

Death of Dominic de
Guzman.

1226

Death of Francis of Assisi.

1226-1270

Louis IX, "Saint Louis", king of
France, died on Crusade.

1227-1241

Pontificate of Gregory IX.

1228

San Francesco begun.

1231

Parens scientiarum, Constitutions of
MelfiFrederick II issues an edict prohibiting the practice or teaching of
medicine without approval by the masters of Salerno.

1248

Conquest of Seville.

1253

Death of Robert Grosseteste, bishop of London.

~1256

Death of Richard Rufus of Cornwall.

1274

Death of Bonaventure.Death of Thomas Aquinas.

1277-1280

Nicholas III (Orsini) issues Exiit
qui seminat in 1279.

1280

Death of Albertus Magnus.

1282

Sicilian Vespers,Seige of Forli.

1283-1292

Conwy Castle.

1285-1314

Philip IV, "the Fair", king of
France.

~1290.

Basilica del Santo, Padua.

1292

Death of Roger Bacon.

1293

Death of Henry of Ghent.

1294-1303

Boniface VIII suceeds Celestine
V.

1296.

Clericis Laicos.

1302

Unam Sanctam.Death of Cimbue.

1303-1305

Scrovegni Chapel (Giotto
frescoes).

1305

Beginning of the Avignonese Captivity.

1308

Death of John Duns Scotus.

1314-1347

Louis of Bavaria.

1314

Robert the Bruce defeats Edward II at Bannockburn and
claims the Scottish throne; married to his chief steward, his daughter
establishes the Stuart line.

1315

The Great Famine kills about ten percent of the
population.

1316-1334

Pontificate of John XXII.

1318

John XXII recognizes the University of Cambridge as a
Studium Generale.

1321

Dante dies shortly after completing his Comedy,
set in April 1300.

1328-1350

Philip VI of Valois, king of
France.

1332-1357.

Gloucester Cathedral.

1337

Death of GiottoHundred Years' War begins.

1340

Edward III proclaims himself king of FranceJan van
Arteveldt and the Flemish rebel against French overlordship.

1346

Death of Giles of Rome.

1347

Death of William of OckhamFall of Calais -- Jean
d'Aire, Jacques and Pierre de Wissant, Jean de Fiennes, Andrieus d'Andres and
Eustache de Saint-Pierre offer to sacrifice themselves.

1347-1350

Black Death (described in Boccaccio's
Decameron).

1348

University of Prague.

1360

Chaucer captured by the French, but ransomed for 16
pounds.

1361-1362

Recurrence of the plague.

1370

Death of John Buridan.

1374

Death of Petrarch.

1375

University of ViennaDeath of Boccaccio.

1378-1415

The Great Schismbegins when Pope
Gregory XI dies at Rome and popular pressure leads to the election of Urban
VI; subsequently, the French cardinals elect Clement VIII and return to
Avignon.