1.1- Introduction Availability of natural resources and their proper application to overall development activities is the key factor for the economic growth of any nation. Bangladesh, though it is a small country of about 143,998 sq km, has a number of mineral resources within its territory. The mineral resources so far discovered are mineral fuels (oil, gas, coal, peat), hard rock, limestone, white clay, glass sand and heavy mineral sands. It was previously assumed that the geological setting of Bangladesh was more suitable for hydrocarbon accumulation than for any other mineral deposits as the greater part of Bangladesh is covered by thick alluvium. Nowadays, the assumption has been changed as it is proved by detailed geological and geophysical explorations that Bangladesh is rich not only in hydrocarbon accumulation but that it also has huge deposits of coal and hard rock in its north-northwestern part.

1.2- Mines in Study Area The northern part of Bangladesh has some natural advantage. Natural resources are one of them. Coal, hard rock, white clay, stone etc are found here. These natural resources are directly contributes in our national economy. Among various natural resource, only two natural resources and their management status was observed.  Hard rock- Maddhyapara Hard Rock Mining Company Limited (MHMCL), Dinajpur.  Coal- Barapukuria Coal Mining Company Limited (BCMCL), Dinajpur.

1.2.1- Maddhyapara Hard Rock Mining Company Limited (MHMCL) This company formed to accelerate the construction works of Maddhyapara mine and operate the Maddhyapara Hard Rock Mine Project of Petrobangla at Dinajpur in August 1998. The underground mine under construction at Maddhyapara targets for production of 1.6 million tons of construction rocks per annum. Until June 2000, 58% of the mine construction works were completed and the project was scheduled to complete construction works within June 2001. Currently the project authority is trying to extend the project completion period.

1.2.2- Barapukuria Coal Mining Company Limited (BCMCL) This company formed in August 1998 to operate the Barapukuria Coal Mine Project of Petrobangla with a target production of one million ton of coal from an under construction mine at Barapukuria, Dinajpur. Until June 2000 approximately 49% of the project works could be completed and the target completion was scheduled in June 2001. But the schedule is revised and it is expected that the mine construction will be completed with necessary facilities of commercial production in August 2004.

1.4-Location of study area Both the mines are situated in Dinajpur district of Rajshahi division. Details location of these two mines are1.4.1- Maddhyapara Granite Mine It situated atVillage: Maddhyapara, Police Station: Parbatipur, District: Dinajpur. According to GPS (Global positioning system) reading it lies between 25°33'45" E and 25°33'39" N and the hard rock deposition area 25°33'53"N and 89°03'43" E.

1.5- Objectives of the Study Tour 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. To To To To To To To To observe the geo-environment of mine area. know about the socio-economic condition of the people of the study area. observe the biodiversity of the study area. observe the impact of the hazards caused by mining. know about the potential hazards of the study area. know about the procedure of the mining operation....

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...Coalmining has been around for decades since the 1800s and coal has been powering our lights even till today. The documentary called, "Burning the future: Coal in America" presented a lot of vital information about how the coal industries work and how coal helps the nation stay lit. Countries that build the world's biggest coal plants are the United States, China and India. The states that practice coalmining are Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. Coal power plants emissions contain many elements and compounds including sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide and other elements including one of the largest sources which are carbon dioxide. Burning the future discusses the many factors that cause devastating outcomes. Mountain top removal and strip mining is a process to obtain the coal and procedure has been practiced for many years in America. Coal supplies more than half of the energy for America and in the documentary, Ed Hopkins who is a director of environmental Quality in the sierra club states that, "Coal supplies more than half of the energy right now, we are going to rely on coal in the near future there is no way around that". Coal supplies may be the only energy that can produce half of the nation's electricity but there are other alternatives that...

...Coalmining is not only a dangerous job, but also life threatening and deadly. Many accidents have happened over the years and coalmining is less popular than it was when it first started. Even though today fifty percent of our electricity is powered by coal.
There are four different types of coalmines, each very different. The first type are drift or slope mines, they are driven into valley walls near seams ofcoal. The second types of mines are shaft mines, these types of mines use pumps to remove water. Boreholes are drilled to relieve water pressure for safer mining. The third types of mines are surface mines. Surface mines use draglines, which can remove up to 200ft of coal in a single pass. A dragline is a machine used in surface mining to remove overburden. Overburden is layers of earth and rock covering a coal seam. Miners leave the overburden rock where it acids and metals into streams to add the discharges from the abandoned deep mines. Finally, the forth type of mine is called a deep mine. A deep mine was created to extract coal buried deep underground. Deep mines contain shafts dug straight down to the coal.
On January 6, 2006 statistics released in the first week of the new year shows that 2005 and 2000 were the only two years with the least deaths and accidents...

...mine is. The paper focus on the first step in condition, i.e. estimation of the scale of a problem: the most frequent failures, types and the location of failures and their importance in the context of maintenance of a conveyor belt transportation system. Some comments regarding possible ways for detection of mentioned faults are considered. The examples of failures and time related to replacement or repair have been provided.
1. INTRODUCTION Condition monitoring in mining industry is not as well developed as it is in other branches (i.e. power engineering, oil industry etc). One of the reasons is that mine is the specific kind of company with harsh environment and dissipation of assets in wide area. There are a lot of different mechanical systems in a lignite mine but one of the most important is a transportation system. One may consider two types of transportation systems: type 1 that convey overburden from bucket wheel excavators to dumping site and type 2 that is used for transportation of desired material (coal mainly) from bucket wheel excavators to a power plant or to another transportation system. A special feature in both cases is length of conveyor that may even reach 30 km. For example in one of the biggest lignite mine in Poland total length of conveyors is 100 km, see fig. 1. __________
* Politechnika Wrocławska, Wydział Geoinżynierii, Górnictwa i Geologii, Instytut Gónictwa, pl. Teatralny 2, 50-051 Wrocław.
256
R....

...﻿ Environmental studies assignment
Ques 1:
MiningMining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth.
Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or created artificiallyin a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum,natural gas, or even water.
The nature of mining processes creates a potential negative impact on the environment both during the mining operations and for years after the mine is closed.
Mining techniques
The two important types of mining are:
1 Surface mining - Surface mining is done by removing (stripping) surface vegetation, dirt, and, if necessary, layers of bedrock in order to reach buried ore deposits
2 Underground mining - Sub-surface mining consists of digging tunnels or shafts into the earth to reach buried ore deposits.
What is Illegal Mining?
One of the main criteria used to define illegal mining is the absence of land rights, mining license, exploration or...

...comes to mind when you think of coalmining? If you're like me, coalmining means living in darkness and a cold hearted industry. Other words that come to mind are poverty and oppression. Coalmining is not a job that you dream about or get a degree for. People who are coal miners do not chose a life full of danger and repression, they get stuck with it. There are many dangers that come along with coalmining, not only for the workers, but for the environment. Coalmining and the coal industry have caused irreversible damage to our environment and has killed innocent miners.
In her book Coal A Human History, Barbara Freese states "The mundane mineral that built our global economyand even today powers our electrical plantshas also caused death, disease, and environmental destruction" (front flap) Today, coal provides for more than 55% of the electricity generated in the U.S. (Cullen, Robert Vol.272) Coal miners have had one of the most dangerous jobs in history before government regulation. Many miners had to work underground for 10 + hours a day and 6 days a week(Cobb, James "Coal") The number of deaths per year is the equivalent of a Titanic going down in the nation's coal fields each year (Turkington, Carol) According to...

...Prospero and Miranda to the island, Prospero has treated him terribly compared to when they first met.
This island's mine, by Sycorax my mother, Which thou takest from me. When thou camest first, Thou strokedst me and madest much of me, wouldst give me Water with berries in't, and teach me how To name the bigger light, and how the less, That burn by day and night: and then I loved thee And show'd thee all the qualities o' the isle, The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and fertile: Cursed be I that did so! All the charms Of Sycorax, toads, beetles, bats, light on you! For I am all the subjects that you have, Which first was mine own king: and here you sty me In this hardrock, whiles you do keep from me The rest o' the island. (2.2.330-342)
Caliban felt betrayed and lied to by Prospero. He realizes that his kindness was not genuine and that Prospero took full advantage of the "love" that he had for him. This issue was very common when colonizing new lands. The first couple years go smoothly as the cultures interact, similarly to the relations between the British settlers and the Virginia Algonquians when Jamestown was first established. Once the natives realized that the British were abusing the land through mass cultivation of tobacco, the Powhatan Confederacy was formed to drive off the settlers. In the years following, battles were fought and both colonist and...

...Indian CoalMining Scam : A Report
India and Coal: An Introduction
India is one of the largest producers of coal in the world.
It is the main fuel for generating power and making steel and cement.
Over half of India's commercial energy needs are met by coal.
The state-owned Coal India Limited (CIL) is the only agency which sells coal in India.
Large areas containingcoal are divided into blocks, which can be publicly auctioned and allocated to highest bidder.
Nationalisation and Allocation of Coal Mines: A Glance
Due to inadequate capital investment to meet the escalating energy needs of the country from the private coal mine owners, unscientific mining practices adopted by some of them and poor working conditions of labour in some of the private coal mines, the Central government of India took the decision to nationalise the private coal mines, in the early 1970’s.
However, in 1976, the government allowed private producers of iron and steel to own captive coal mines for their own use. Power and other companies were also allowed to own captive coal mines from 1993.
Since 1993, allocation of captive coal blocks was being done on the basis of recommendations made by an inter-Ministerial Screening Committee which also had...

...ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF COALMINING
INTRODUCTION
Coal is the most abundant fuel resource in India. It is the prime source of energy and perhaps
the largest contributor to the industrial growth of the country. It is a crucial and enduring
element in a modern, balanced energy portfolio, providing a bridge to the future as an important
low cost and secure energy solution to sustainability challenges. Some important facts aboutcoal
industry in India are as follows:
•India is the third largest producer of coal in the world
•Coal is one of the primary sources of energy
•India has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world
•Indian coal has high ash content (15-45%)and low calorific value
•With the present rate of around 0.8Mt average daily coal extraction in the country, the
reserves are likely to last over a 100 years
•The energy derived from coal in India is about twice that of energy derived from oil, as
against the world, where energy derived from coal is about 30% lower than energy derived
from oil
•Coal India Limited (CIL) is the largest company in the world in terms of coal production
Coal continues to be the major source of primary commercial energy worldwide.
Considering the limited reserve potentiality of petroleum and natural...