Featured Articles

Heel Pain

Heel pain is a stressful condition that effects day
to day activities. Running and walking causes stress on the heel
because the heel is the part of the foot that hits the ground first.
This means that the heel is taking on your entire weight. Diagnosis and
treatments for heel pain can be easily found through your podiatrist.

One of the main causes of heel pain is a condition
known as plantar fasciitis. The plantar fascia is a band of tissue that
extends along the bottom of the foot, from the toe to the bottom of the
heel. A rip or tear in this ligament can cause inflammation of these
tissues, resulting in heel pain. People who do not wear proper fitting
shoes are often at risk of developing problems such as plantar
fasciitis. Unnecessary stress from ill fitting shoes, weight change,
excessive running, and wearing non-supportive shoes on hard surfaces are
all causes of plantar fasciitis.

Achilles tendonitis is another cause of heel pain.
Similar to plantar fasciitis, inflammation of the Achilles tendon will
cause heel pain due to stress fractures and muscle tearing. A lack of
flexibility of the ankle and heel is an indicator of Achilles
tendonitis. If left untreated, this condition can lead to plantar
fasciitis and cause even more pain on your heel.

A third cause of heel pain is a heel spur. A heel
spur occurs when the tissues of the plantar fascia undergo a great deal
of stress, leading to a separation of the ligament from the heel bone
entirely. This results in a pointed fragment of bone on the ball of the
foot, known as a heel spur.

Treatments for heel pain are easy and effective as
long as problems are addressed quickly. The most common solution is
simply taking stress off the feet, particularly off of the heel. This
will ease the pain and allow the tendons and ligaments to relax. In the
case of both plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendonitis, icing will
reduce swelling of any part of the foot and anti-inflammatory medication
is highly recommended. Properly fitting your shoes and wearing heel
pads or comfort insoles will also reduce the risk of developing heel
pain. Stretching before and after exercises such as running will help
the foot muscles prepare for stress and lower the chances of
inflammatory pain. In extreme cases, relieving heel pain
might require surgery. Always make sure to discuss these symptoms and
treatment options with your podiatrist to keep yourself active and pain
free.

Every Day Foot Care

Our feet are of great importance in our everyday lives. The problem
is that we tend to neglect them. When this becomes a habit, it can cause
significant trouble. Ignoring foot problems can mean pain, limited
mobility, and expensive doctor's visits. On the other hand, if the feet
are cared for and looked after each day, they will perform without pain
or complication.

Routine hygiene is the most basic way to
care for the feet. Wash and dry them thoroughly everyday. Remember to
get between the toes, and keep the toenails trimmed and short. If the
feet feel dry or one can see visual signs of dryness or cracking, use a
moisturizer designed for the feet.

When using moisturizer on
the feet, try to avoid applying between the toes. If creams or lotions
sit in that area, they can cause development of fungi and bacteria. When
moisturizer is used between the toes, it can also cause the skin to
macerate.

Shoes are also an important aspect of foot care to
consider. When one is picking out shoes, make sure that they are the
correct size. Shoes need to be snug, but not too tight. On the other
hand, if the shoes are too loose they can cause foot problems as well.
It is highly recommended that shopping for new shoes be done later in
the day. The reason for this is that the feet will have settled and
swelled to their full size by then. To keep your feet at their most
healthy, avoid wearing high heels or flip flops too often. Instead,
choose shoes that are good for your feet, and that pad the soles of your
feet and support the arches and ankles.

Socks should also be
worn daily with closed-toe shoes. They may feel hot during the summer
months, but they absorb sweat and moisture and keep it off the feet.
Without socks, the build up of sweat in a closed-toe she can cause fungi
problems and athlete's foot.

The best thing to remember in
every day foot care is that shoes do make a difference. If you spend
much time on your feet, make sure that your shoes show no signs of wear
and offer ample support for the arches and the overall foot.
Additionally, try to engage in thorough foot cleaning and maintenance a
part of your daily routine. If you keep these things in mind, your feet
will stay healthy and safe.

Bunions

The term bunion refers to an enlargement of the base joint of the
toe, the connection to the foot. This enlargement may be formed of
swollen tissue or a bony growth, and is caused by the shifting of the
bones in the big toe inward, toward the other toes of the foot. The area
around the base of the big toe may become inflamed, red, and painful.

Genetic factors are important in the formation of bunions – people
who get bunions are usually genetically predisposed to this bone
displacement, and may cause its onset by wearing improperly fitting
shoes, or by running or walking in a way that causes stress to the feet.
Another common cause for bunions is wearing high heeled shoes. The
weight of the body in these shoes pushes the toes into an unnatural
position, possibly causing bone displacement.

A podiatrist who specializes in foot structure and bio-mechanics will
be able to quickly diagnose bunions. Bunions must be distinguished from
gout or arthritic conditions, so blood tests may be necessary. The
podiatrist may order a radiological exam to provide an image of the bone
structure. If the x-ray demonstrates an enlargement of the joint near
the base of the toe and a shifting toward the smaller toes, this is
indicative of a bunion.

Wearing wider shoes can remove the
pressure on the bunion and reduce pain. High heeled shoes should be
eliminated for a period of time as this type of shoe generally pushes
the big toe outward toward the smaller toes. This may be enough to
eliminate the pain associated with bunions; however, if pain persists,
anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed. Severe pain may require an
injection of steroids near the bunion. Orthotics for shoes may be
prescribed which, by altering the pressure on the foot, can be helpful
in reducing pain. These do not correct the problem, but by eliminating
the pain, they can provide relief.

For cases that do not
respond to these methods of treatment, surgery can be done to reposition
the toe. A surgeon may do this by taking out a section of bone, or may
rearrange the ligaments and tendons in the toe to help keep it properly
aligned. It may be necessary even after surgery to wear more comfortable
shoes that do not put undue pressure on the toe as the big toe can
easily move back to its orientation toward the smaller toes.

Plantar Fasciitis

Recently, a groundbreaking study concluded that their treatment
combining ultrasound with steroid injections was 95% effective in the
treatment of plantar fasciitis.

Plantar fasciitis is a foot problem affecting the plantar fascia, a
connective tissue in the heel. This condition is treatable, but in many
cases can take up to a year to be effective.

Conventional treatments have included exercises, rest, arch supports,
and night splints. If this proves to be inaffective, many patients
undergo shockwave therapy. In shockwave therapy, sound waves are
directed to the area where pain is experienced. This therapy can be
affective, but is somewhat painful, and calls for several sessions. Even
still, shockwave therapy does not always alleviate the pain caused by
plantar fasciitis.

Luca M. Sconfienza, M.D., from the University of Genoa in Italy,
conducted the study. The new treatment involves an ultrasound-guided
technique with a steroid injection to the plantar fascia. It is a one
time out patient procedure involving a small amount of anesthesia. Then
an anesthetic needle punctures the affected area. This technique, known
as dry needling, causes small amounts of bleeding that aid in healing
the fesci.

It was discovered that 42 of the 44 patients involved in the study
had their symptoms disappear entirely within three weeks. “This therapy
is quicker, easier, less painful, and less expensive than shockwave
therapy” Sconfienza stated. “In cases of mild plantar fasciitis,
patients should first try noninvasive solutions before any other
treatments. But when pain becomes annoying and affects the activities of
daily living, dry-needling with steroid injection is a viable option,"
she added.

Elderly and their Feet

While proper foot care is important for
everybody, senior citizens have the tendency to be more susceptible to
certain conditions and should therefore be well informed about problems
that may arise and what they can do to properly avoid or treat them.

Some
of the most common problems are foot ulcers, ingrown toenails, fallen
arches, and fungal infection. A foot ulcer is an open sore on the foot
and can be a result of decreased sensation in the feet. An ingrown
toenail is defined as when the nail grows into the side of the toe.
Fallen arches are indicated by the instep of the foot collapsing. A
fungal infection is a condition that results in deformed and discolored
toenails.

In order to avoid these conditions it is recommended
that the feet be inspected by the patient on a regular basis. If these
inspections are carried out routinely, there is a good likelihood that
problems can be identified before they become severe, or can even be
avoided altogether. If any abnormality is discovered, it is important
that the individual consult a doctor for diagnosis and information on
treatment options.

Proper foot hygiene is also important. Making
sure that you always have clean, dry socks on can be a major deterrent
to many different problems including bacterial infections, foot odor,
and certain types of fungus. Wet feet are a major cause of many of these
problems. If your socks get wet, it is important to change them.
Walking around in wet socks may not only lead to various infections, but
can irritate the skin and result in a number of various complications.
Clean, dry feet are less likely to be affected by fungal and other
infections.

As people age, the fat present on your feet begins
to deteriorate. The protective nature of this fat keeps the feet healthy
by providing a barrier and between your bones and the ground as well as
giving the skin on the foot a certain amount of elasticity. This is one
factor that causes elderly people to develop some serious foot issues.
Foot moisturizers can be helpful to avoid certain problems associated
with this. However, water-based moisturizers do not work as well for
elderly people as they do for the young. Instead, it is more effective
to use an emollient instead. An emollient is effective because it binds
the water in the foot, keeping it from becoming absorbed too readily
which will result in dry skin. They also have a special property called
occlusion, which provides a layer of oil on the skin. This layer
prevents the foot from drying up and can be very effective in treating
dry skin disorders. If you can keep the skin on your feet healthy, this
will substantially reduce the number of foot problems you will encounter
in old age.

Proper footwear is another way to keep feet healthy.
Shoes that fit well and provide proper support help prevent ingrown
toenails and fallen arches.

Morton's Neuroma

Morton's neuroma is a painful foot condition
that commonly affects the areas between the third and fourth toe and the
ball of the foot. Other areas of the foot can also be susceptible to
this condition. Morton’s neuroma is caused by an inflamed nerve in the
foot that is being squeezed and aggravated by surrounding bones. Women
are more likely than men to have an occurrence of this foot condition.
When a person has Morton's neuroma, it can feel as if they are walking
on stones or marbles.

There are risk factors that can increase a
person's chance of having Morton's neuroma. Ill-fitting high heels or
shoes can add pressure to the toe or foot area. Jogging, running and any
other sports that involve constant impact to the foot area can make a
person more susceptible to this condition. If a person has flat feet,
bunions or any other foot deformities, it can put them at a higher risk
for developing Morton's neuroma.

There is no one major sign that
indicates a person has Morton's neuroma, but rather certain symptoms to
look for. A person who has burning in the ball of the foot or tingling
and numbness in the toe areas are signs they may have Morton's neuroma.
The pain increases greatly when wearing shoes or being active. There
usually is little or no pain at night.

If a person suspects that
they have this condition, they should visit their doctor. A physician
will check for palpable masses between the bones of the foot. A doctor
will also apply pressure to the foot or toe area to replicate the pain a
person experiences when active. Range of motion tests and X-rays are
other options a doctor may offer a patient to rule out other conditions
or problems.

Treating Morton's neuroma can be as simple as
changing the type of shoes a person wears. Wear wider shoes or flat
shoes with a soft sole. Doing this may help reduce the pressure on the
nerve that is aggravated. If necessary, a person can have a cortisone
injection to help reduce swelling and pain in the foot area.

If these methods don't relieve the symptoms, consulting with an
orthopedic surgeon should be the next option. During a consultation, a
patient will find out about the treatment methods available for Morton's
neuroma. A surgeon can release the tissue around the nerve that is
causing this pain, or they can remove a small area of the nerve
completely. There is a short recovery time for this type of surgery, and
afterward, patients can return to their normal lifestyle.

Foot Health: The 4 Differences between Walking and Running Shoes

Both
running and walking are great exercises, but should a person wear the
same shoes for running and for walking? The answer is no, because there
is a difference between the way that a person’s feet hit the ground when
they are walking and when they are running. Therefore, the shoes for
each activity are designed totally different. Before you begin any
exercise program it is always recommended that you speak with your
doctor.

Walking is a low impact exercise that is often
recommended by doctors to their patients. Walking is the simplest
exercise there is, but it still requires some degree of preparation. If
you think about walking and how your feet strike the ground as you walk
along, you will notice that your heel hits the ground first and then
your foot continues to roll forward until your next step begins. Because
of this rolling motion, walking shoes are designed to be more flexible
than running shoes. The flexibility helps the walker to push off with
each step taken.

Another thing about walking shoes is that your
heel hits the ground first, therefore it absorbs most of the shock. This
is why walking shoes need to have a beveled or angled heel. The angle
of the heel helps to absorb some of the shock instead of putting all of
the pressure on the ankles. This is especially important for speed
walkers as their feet will hit the ground twice as often as the normal
walker.

When people decide to run as a hobby or for their
health, they must first realize that running is a high impact exercise
that if not done with the proper equipment, could cause damage to their
feet and legs. Running shoes are designed to be more light weight and to
have thicker soles. The thicker soles act as shock absorbers for the
rest of the body. For this reason alone it is never recommended that a
person wear walking shoe to run in. However, it's fine if you want to
walk in running shoes. Walking shoes most often do not have the proper
arch support that runners do.

One very important thing to
remember is that a proper fit can make or break a runner or a walker. If
a runner or walker’s shoes are too big, their feet will slide back and
forth inside the shoe and cause blisters. What ever your sport, running
or walking, the right equipment can make all of the difference in the
world.

About the Author: Dr. Howard Hyman from The Podiatry
Center is a board certified podiatric surgeon who has over 30 years of
experience. With help from his reliable and personable staff, Dr. Howard
Hyman treats a wide range of podiatric needs from athlete's foot to
broken ankles and everything in between. Visit
http://www.thepodiatrycenter.net/ or call 973-313-559

Heel Pain

Heel pain is a stressful condition that effects day
to day activities. Running and walking causes stress on the heel because
the heel is the part of the foot that hits the ground first. This means
that the heel is taking on your entire weight. Diagnosis and treatments
for heel pain can be easily found through your podiatrist.

One
of the main causes of heel pain is a condition known as plantar
fasciitis. The plantar fascia is a band of tissue that extends along the
bottom of the foot, from the toe to the bottom of the heel. A rip or
tear in this ligament can cause inflammation of these tissues, resulting
in heel pain. People who do not wear proper fitting shoes are often at
risk of developing problems such as plantar fasciitis. Unnecessary
stress from ill fitting shoes, weight change, excessive running, and
wearing non-supportive shoes on hard surfaces are all causes of plantar
fasciitis.

Achilles tendonitis is another cause of heel pain.
Similar to plantar fasciitis, inflammation of the Achilles tendon will
cause heel pain due to stress fractures and muscle tearing. A lack of
flexibility of the ankle and heel is an indicator of Achilles
tendonitis. If left untreated, this condition can lead to plantar
fasciitis and cause even more pain on your heel.

A third cause
of heel pain is a heel spur. A heel spur occurs when the tissues of the
plantar fascia undergo a great deal of stress, leading to a separation
of the ligament from the heel bone entirely. This results in a pointed
fragment of bone on the ball of the foot, known as a heel spur.

Treatments
for heel pain are easy and effective as long as problems are addressed
quickly. The most common solution is simply taking stress off the feet,
particularly off of the heel. This will ease the pain and allow the
tendons and ligaments to relax. In the case of both plantar fasciitis
and Achilles tendonitis, icing will reduce swelling of any part of the
foot and anti-inflammatory medication is highly recommended. Properly
fitting your shoes and wearing heel pads or comfort insoles will also
reduce the risk of developing heel pain. Stretching before and after
exercises such as running will help the foot muscles prepare for stress
and lower the chances of inflammatory pain. In extreme cases, relieving
heel pain might require surgery. Always make sure to discuss these
symptoms and treatment options with your podiatrist to keep yourself
active and pain free.

Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Poor Blood Circulation in the Feet

Poor
blood circulation in the feet and legs is often caused by peripheral
artery disease (PAD), which is usually the result of a build up of
plaque in the arteries. Plaque build up, or atherosclerosis, can be the
result of excess calcium and cholesterol in the bloodstream, which
restricts how much blood can flow through arteries. Reduced blood flow
to a certain area of the body severely limits the amount of oxygen and
nutrients that part of the body receives, causing degeneration in the
muscles and other tissues. Sometimes, poor blood circulation in the feet
and legs can be caused by other conditions, such as damage to or
inflammation of blood vessels, known as vasculitis.

The lack of
oxygen and nutrients caused by poor blood circulation can restrict
muscle growth and development, as well as cause muscle pain and cramps,
weakness, and stiffness. Other common symptoms include numbness in the
legs and feet, skin discoloration in the affected limbs, slower nail and
hair growth, and erectile dysfunction in men. In more severe cases of
PAD, pain can be present even when a person isn't exercising, and may
range from mildly uncomfortable to completely debilitating.

Poor
blood circulation in the feet and legs is more common in those who are
overweight or obese, have diabetes, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, who smoke, or who have a family history of PAD or related
conditions (heart attack, stroke, etc.). Diabetes and smoking place a
person at greatest risk for developing poor blood circulation, although
advanced age (over 50) can also increase risk.

If you are
experiencing poor blood circulation in the feet and legs caused by PAD,
it is important to make changes to your lifestyle in order to reduce
your risk of experiencing a heart attack or stroke caused by this
condition. If you smoke, quit completely -- this will increase the
amount of oxygen in your bloodstream. Exercising and reducing the
saturated fats in your diet (which come from fatty meats, fried foods,
whole milk, etc.) can make a difference in improving blood circulation
in feet. It is also important to avoid developing influenza and to
carefully control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.

Your
doctor may recommend combining lifestyle changes with a prescription
medication regimen to improve blood circulation. The most commonly-used
medications for PAD are called statins and work by blocking the amount
of enzymes in your body that produce cholesterol. They are known by the
brand names Zocor, Lipitor, Crestor, and others.

Keeping Children's Feet Healthy

As a parent, your most
important job is taking care of your children in every possible way. You
watch what they eat, you protect them from harm, but it is important to
be proactive in taking care of their health, especially when it comes
to their feet. Having healthy, well taken care of feet in childhood is
crucial in helping eliminate problems later in life, especially in the
back and legs. As children grow, their feet require different types of
care. Here are some ways you can help keep your children's feet healthy,
from birth to school age.

Babies require a lot of care in
general, but don't forget their feet. Since babies don't walk yet, their
feet can be easy to overlook, but it is still important to take care of
them. In the first year of life a baby's feet grow and change very
much, so it is important that you do not put any tight shoes or socks on
your baby's feet. Let your baby stretch and kick her feet so he or she
can feel comfortable.

When a baby turns into a toddler, they are
now on the move and it is important that your toddler has comfortable
and protective shoes to walk in. Now is the time you may notice
different things about your child's feet, but know that children at this
age are just getting the feel for walking, so don't be alarmed if they
seem to walk funny. It is normal for a toddler to be unsteady on their
feet.

When your child gets older and leaves the toddler stage
behind, it is now important that you teach them how to take care of
their own feet. Show them proper cleaning and hygiene so that their feet
do not develop fungus or infection. Since children are constantly
running and playing, it is also important to watch out for injury or
pain. Children are still growing, and certain injuries can effect the
bones growth and development so it is vital to have all injuries checked
by a doctor as soon as possible. Comfortable shoes that cushion the
foot and provide protection from hours of rough play are highly
recommended.

Children and babies are constantly growing and
developing, and it is your job as a parent to make sure that nothing is
hindering their ability to mature at a normal rate. This includes
properly taking care of the feet, as healthy feet are important in order
to live a normal, fulfilling life.

Flip-flops and Feet

Flip-flops are a popular, convenient type
of shoe. Not only do they allow you open room for your feet to breathe,
but you can freely move your toes and wear them with most clothing
styles. Unfortunately, flip-flops also have a downside, as they can harm
your feet in more ways than you think.

Although they are very
comfortable, wearing flip-flops frequently could lead to issues in the
lower body in the long run. This is due to the fact that people walk
differently in flip-flops as opposed to other shoes such as sneakers.
The natural gait changes, causing stress to different parts of the body
while throwing the body off entirely. Flip-flops could also cause
problems in the arches and balls of your feet, as they provide little to
no support to the body.

Flip-flops may also cause more apparent
short-term symptoms as well, such as blisters and ankle sprains.
Flip-flops are generally made with weak materials and bend easily,
making it easier for its wearers to trip and injure their ankles. They
may also cause blisters since the straps rub up against the foot. Due to
the openness of flip-flops, its wearers could also risk infections,
making it easier to scrape and cut the foot since there is little
protection. If left uncovered (and untreated), these cuts could get
dirtied and later infected.

To avoid this, purchase a pair of
flip-flops that offer ample protection. Be sure the sole is firm and
sturdy and not ‘floppy’, or that the sole doesn’t bend or wiggle a lot
when lifted from the floor. If you select flip-flops made of high
quality material, you will not have to be concerned about this. Although
they may be more expensive, these shoes last longer and protect your
feet better as opposed to a cheaper pair. Brand names also help, so be
sure to buy from a reliable manufacturer.

You can still wear
your favorite pair of flip-flops, just don’t wear them daily or for
extended periods of time. Replace flip-flops every 3-4 months in order
to ensure they provide the best protection for your feet.

Every Day Foot Care

Our feet are of great importance in our
everyday lives. The problem is that we tend to neglect them. When this
becomes a habit, it can cause significant trouble. Ignoring foot
problems can mean pain, limited mobility, and expensive doctor's visits.
On the other hand, if the feet are cared for and looked after each day,
they will perform without pain or complication.

Routine hygiene
is the most basic way to care for the feet. Wash and dry them thoroughly
everyday. Remember to get between the toes, and keep the toenails
trimmed and short. If the feet feel dry or one can see visual signs of
dryness or cracking, use a moisturizer designed for the feet.

When
using moisturizer on the feet, try to avoid applying between the toes.
If creams or lotions sit in that area, they can cause development of
fungi and bacteria. When moisturizer is used between the toes, it can
also cause the skin to macerate.

Shoes are also an important
aspect of foot care to consider. When one is picking out shoes, make
sure that they are the correct size. Shoes need to be snug, but not too
tight. On the other hand, if the shoes are too loose they can cause foot
problems as well. It is highly recommended that shopping for new shoes
be done later in the day. The reason for this is that the feet will have
settled and swelled to their full size by then. To keep your feet at
their most healthy, avoid wearing high heels or flip flops too often.
Instead, choose shoes that are good for your feet, and that pad the
soles of your feet and support the arches and ankles.

Socks
should also be worn daily with closed-toe shoes. They may feel hot
during the summer months, but they absorb sweat and moisture and keep it
off the feet. Without socks, the build up of sweat in a closed-toe she
can cause fungi problems and athlete's foot.

The best thing to
remember in every day foot care is that shoes do make a difference. If
you spend much time on your feet, make sure that your shoes show no
signs of wear and offer ample support for the arches and the overall
foot. Additionally, try to engage in thorough foot cleaning and
maintenance a part of your daily routine. If you keep these things in
mind, your feet will stay healthy and safe.

Working on Your Feet

When your feet are overworked your whole body can be affected.
Thus, taking care of your feet is a must for overall good health.
Standing on the feet all day can cause bunions, callouses and plantar
warts. These are all very painful conditions that can be avoided with
proper foot care. Good shoe choices and proper posture both contribute
to the health of your feet.

Always choose a negative heeled shoe
that places the heel slightly lower than the ball of the foot. Shoes
designed in this fashion are the best for foot health. And most
definitely purchase your shoes from a reputable manufacturer who puts
foot health at the forefront of their goals. Having a job that keeps you
on your feet all day makes it an especially a good idea to spend the
extra money on a good pair of shoes.

The feet were not designed
to be enclosed for hours on end. In fact, incorporating some "barefoot"
time into your daily routine is not a bad idea to improve overall foot
health. There are some other simple things that you can do to help
alleviate pain and pressure on the feet from standing all day.

First
of all, you can perform some simple foot exercises and even some common
yoga moves to improve the function of your feet. A foot work out that
incorporates mechanically correct movements will stimulate the blood
flow and the muscles of the foot. Also, yoga exercises that stretch the
foot out flat on the floor are very beneficial for those who work on
their feet, and can help stretch and relax the calf muscles and Achilles
tendon. These exercises may be performed every day during your daily
routine, perhaps even while you are sitting in your vehicle or standing
in line at the grocery store.

If you spend a lot of time on your
feet every day, you know what it can be like to have foot pain, and you
may begin to think that foot pain is inevitable. It doesn't have to be.
Foot stretches and proper footwear can do miracles in alleviating foot
pain and preventing further foot problems.

With just a little
effort and some education on the proper foot exercises, you can keep
your feet healthy and feeling good for years to come. If your feet hurt
your whole body will feel the effects over time. Start taking better
care of your feet today. They will love you for it!

Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Poor Blood Circulation in the Feet

Poor
blood circulation in the feet and legs is often caused by peripheral
artery disease (PAD), which is usually the result of a build up of
plaque in the arteries. Plaque build up, or atherosclerosis, can be the
result of excess calcium and cholesterol in the bloodstream, which
restricts how much blood can flow through arteries. Reduced blood flow
to a certain area of the body severely limits the amount of oxygen and
nutrients that part of the body receives, causing degeneration in the
muscles and other tissues. Sometimes, poor blood circulation in the feet
and legs can be caused by other conditions, such as damage to or
inflammation of blood vessels, known as vasculitis.

The lack of
oxygen and nutrients caused by poor blood circulation can restrict
muscle growth and development, as well as cause muscle pain and cramps,
weakness, and stiffness. Other common symptoms include numbness in the
legs and feet, skin discoloration in the affected limbs, slower nail and
hair growth, and erectile dysfunction in men. In more severe cases of
PAD, pain can be present even when a person isn't exercising, and may
range from mildly uncomfortable to completely debilitating.

Poor
blood circulation in the feet and legs is more common in those who are
overweight or obese, have diabetes, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, who smoke, or who have a family history of PAD or related
conditions (heart attack, stroke, etc.). Diabetes and smoking place a
person at greatest risk for developing poor blood circulation, although
advanced age (over 50) can also increase risk.

If you are
experiencing poor blood circulation in the feet and legs caused by PAD,
it is important to make changes to your lifestyle in order to reduce
your risk of experiencing a heart attack or stroke caused by this
condition. If you smoke, quit completely -- this will increase the
amount of oxygen in your bloodstream. Exercising and reducing the
saturated fats in your diet (which come from fatty meats, fried foods,
whole milk, etc.) can make a difference in improving blood circulation
in feet. It is also important to avoid developing influenza and to
carefully control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.

Your
doctor may recommend combining lifestyle changes with a prescription
medication regimen to improve blood circulation. The most commonly-used
medications for PAD are called statins and work by blocking the amount
of enzymes in your body that produce cholesterol. They are known by the
brand names Zocor, Lipitor, Crestor, and others

Blisters on the Feet

If
you have ever worn a pair of shoes that were two tight or just rubbed
you in the wrong place, then chances are that you have experienced the
pain of having a blister formed. To better understand how blisters form,
what treatment we should apply for blisters, and how we can avoid
having them form, we should learn more about what blisters are.

A blister on the foot is basically a small pocket that is fluid filled.
This pocket typically forms on the upper layers of skin, because those
layers are so thin. The majority of the time, blisters are filled with
clear fluid; however, sometimes the blisters may be filled with blood
and even pus if they have become infected due to bacteria entering the
blister pocket.

Blisters on the feet are almost always a
result of a shoe rubbing the foot constantly which results in what is
termed a friction blister. These blisters occur after you have walked
for very long periods of time or when you wear a pair of shoes that do
not fit your feet properly. Blisters also form more easily if your feet
are moist.

If you experience the displeasure of having a
blister form on your foot, then proper treatment is an absolute must to
alleviate pain and to prevent infection. In general the best treatment
for blisters that are full of clear fluid is to just leave them alone.
Your body will form new skin under the blister and then when the time is
right your body will allow the blister to pop. If you try to lance the
blister you may introduce bacteria in it that will lead to an infection.
If the blister is painful, then you can use a band-aid over it to
provide some cushioning which should relieve pain.

If the
blister is filled with blood or pus, then the best treatment is to seek
out the attention of a doctor. These blisters may need to be further
evaluated and you may be given antibiotics to destroy any infection that
you may have.

Preventing blisters on the feet is the best way
to prevent any pain or infection that could occur. You can prevent
blisters by keeping your feet dry and by making sure that you wear a
proper pair of shoes that fit your feet well, without being too tight or
too loose. If you do feel a place on your foot where your shoe is
rubbing, then applying a band-aid to that spot may prevent a blister
from forming until you can change them.

Foot Rehabilitation for Athletes

There is no sport that
completely prevents the foot or ankle from becoming injured. In fact,
even simple activities such as darts and pool might cause injuries to
the foot. When an athlete does suffer from a foot injury, he needs to
find a way to get back on his feet right away. Immediate results may be
desired, but they are not always possible.

All foot and ankle
injuries deserve immediate attention. When the foot or the ankle gets
injured, muscles surrounding the bones can weaken or atrophy through
disuse. While the bones heal on their own, it takes a more concentrated
effort for an athlete to regain full use of his feet and ankles. A
doctor may recommend that a person go through a course of physical
therapy. The course of physical therapy treatment uses simple,
repetitive isometric exercises. The use of the exercises will cause the
body to rebuild the muscles and tendons in the area over time and
restore the full range of movement.

When selecting ankle and
foot rehabilitation services, an athlete needs to find a licensed sports
therapist (other physical therapists work with more generalized
conditions, and while these kinds of physical therapists are dedicated
to their job, they do not necessarily understand the special demands of
the athlete). A good sports therapist will take their time with a
patient, and make sure that he or she understands the problem and the
options available for treatment. As long as the doctor expects a person
to return to the sport which he enjoys, the sports physical therapist
will recommend the exact exercises a person needs to get back in the
game.

Although the professional
athlete needs a trained sports therapist, an amateur athlete or the
weekend player can benefit from foot rehabilitation services for
athletes as well. An ankle or foot injury does not have to cause a
person go give up the game he loves entirely, so long as he or she seeks
out a sports therapist.

Physical therapy may not always heal
certain injuries perfectly, but it will more quickly and effectively
help the afflicted person get better. Less
severe injuries may only take a person out of his favorite sport just
for a little while, if he or she sees a sports therapist. If a full
recovery is possible, it is definitely worth it to check out ankle and
foot rehabilitation services.

What is a Podiatrist

The branch of medicine that is
focused on the treatment, diagnosis, and study of disorders of the lower
leg, ankle and foot is referred to as podiatry. Because people often
spend a great deal of their time on their feet, many problems in this
area can occur. A person seeks help from the field of podiatry when they
need treatment for heel spurs, bunions, arch problems, deformities,
ingrown toenails, corns, foot and ankle problems, infections, and
problems with the foot that are related to diabetes and additional
diseases.

To treat problems of the foot, ankle or lower leg, a
podiatrist may prescribe physical therapy, drugs, perform surgery on
lower extremity fractures. Individuals may also be recommended to wear
corrective shoe inserts, custom-made shoes, plaster casts and strappings
in order to correct deformities.

When trying to gather
information on a patient problem, a scanner or force plate may be used
in order to design orthotics. During this procedure, patients are told
to walk across a plate that is connected to a computer; the computer
then takes a scan of the foot and indicates weight distribution and
pressure points. The computer readouts will give the podiatrist
information to help them determine the correct treatment plans.

Diagnosis is also provided through laboratory tests and x-rays. Through
the foot, the first signs of serious problems such as heart disease,
diabetes and arthritis can show up. For example, individuals that have
diabetes may frequently have problems such as infections and foot ulcers
because they experience poor circulation in the foot area. A podiatrist
can then have consultations with patients when symptoms arise and
referrals will be made to specialists that handle the greater health
problems.

Some podiatrists have their own solo small private
practices or clinics where they have a small staff and administrative
personnel but many work within group practices. They usually spend time
performing surgery in ambulatory surgical centers or hospitals or
visiting patients in nursing homes. They typically spend between 30 to
60 hours of week working. Some podiatrists specialize in public health,
orthopedics, surgery, or primary care. Some other fields include
specialties in geriatrics, dermatology, pediatrics, diabetic foot care
and sports medicine.

Some podiatrist specialists complete extra
training in the area of foot and ankle reconstruction that result from
the effects of physical trauma or diabetes. There are also surgeons that
perform surgery of a cosmetic nature to correct bunions and hammertoes.

How Obesity Affects Your Feet

Maybe you have gained a few
extra pounds over the past couple of years. It comes on slowly and you
are not always aware of it until your feet start hurting at the end of
the day. After all, they carry the weight of your whole body.
Experiencing foot pain and swelling is one of the biggest side effects
of being overweight.

Many problems that occur in the feet are
directly related to carrying even a small amount of extra weight. If you
are overweight, the body may try to compensate by changing the way it
moves. You may lean forward a bit and put extra weight on the wrong part
of the foot. Your feet were designed to carry a normal amount of body
weight and any extra will put undue stress on them.

Many people
who are overweight as adults develop type 2 diabetes and it is often
the cause of leg and foot pain. This is very serious and often older
people who do not control their condition may lose all feeling in their
legs and feet. It is also possible to develop small sores on the feet,
and when you have diabetes, these do not always heal properly which can
lead to serious infection.

The
extra pressure and stress placed on muscles, joints, and tendons in the
feet by extra body weight can also trigger plantar fasciitis. Plantar
fasciitis is an inflammation of the tissue along the bottom of the foot,
and causes pain and stiffness when walking and climbing stairs. Pain
caused by plantar fasciitis can be relieved by foot stretches and
orthotics inserted into the shoe.

Foot problems triggered
by excess body weight may be treated by special attention to footwear.
Shoes that properly support the foot – especially the arch and ankle –
and allow for good circulation are very important. A podiatrist can help
you decide what kind of shoe is best for your feet. Orthotics – special
inserts that can be inserted into shoes – can absorb shock, support the
arches, and keep the feet properly aligned. These can be found in shoe
stores or may be fitted by a podiatrist.

It may also be time to consider
taking off a few pounds to prevent diabetes and other life threatening
diseases. Your feet will certainly thank you for it and you will feel
better in a short amount of time. A water aerobics class at a local gym
is a way to get needed exercise without putting any stress on the feet
or ankles. Yoga is also an activity that is beneficial both to your feet
and your entire body. Don't risk losing your freedom by ignoring foot
pain. If you take care of your feet, you can keep your feet and your
entire body feeling great.

What are Achilles Tendon Injuries

The Achilles tendon is the
strongest tendon in the human body. Its purpose is to connect the lower
leg muscles and calf to the heel of the foot. This tendon is responsible
for facilitating all types of movement, like walking and running. Since
this tendon provides an enormous amount of mobility to an individual,
any injuries inflicted to this tissue should be immediately brought up
with a physician to prevent further damage.

The most common
injuries that can trouble the Achilles tendon are tendon ruptures and
Achilles tendinitis. Achilles tendinitis is the milder of the two
injuries and can be recognized by the following symptoms: inflammation,
dull to severe pain, an increased flow of blood to the tendon,
thickening of the tendon, and slower movement time. Tendinitis can be
treated via several methods and is often diagnosed by an MRI.

An Achilles tendon rupture is trickier to heal, and is by far the most
painful injury. It is caused by the tendon ripping or completely
snapping. The results are immediate and absolutely devastating, and will
render the patient immobile. If a rupture or tear occurs, operative and
non-operative methods are available. Once the treatment begins,
depending on the severity of the injury, recovery time for these types
of issues can take up to a year.

Simple
preventative measures can be taken as a means to avoid both injuries.
Prior to any movement, taking a few minutes to stretch out the tendon is
a great way to stimulate the tissue. Calf raises, squats, leg curls,
leg extensions, leg raises, lunges, and leg presses are all suggested
ways to help strengthen the lower legs and promote Achilles tendon
health.

Many problems arise among
athletes and people who overexert themselves while exercising or who do
not properly warm up before beginning an activity. Proper, comfortable
shoes that fit correctly can also decrease tendon injuries. Some
professionals also suggest that when exercising, you should make sure
that the floor you are on is cushioned or has a mat, as this will
relieve pressure on the heels. As always, a healthy diet will also
increase tendon health.

It is very important to seek out a
podiatrist if you believe you have an injury in the Achilles region,
because further damage could result in severe complications that would
make being mobile difficult, if not impossible.

Sesamoiditis

Sesamoiditis is a condition
that affects the joint that is just behind the big toe in the area known
as the ball of the foot. It is most common in younger people and people
who have just begun an exercise program. Since the sesamoid bones are
like a pulley controlling the big toe, they can rub against each other
and cause a gradual onset of pain. Pain may also be caused by the
inflammation of tendons surrounding the bones. If ignored, sesamoiditis
can lead to other, more serious problems such as severe irritation and
fractures of the bones.

The cause of sesamoiditis is sudden
increase in activity. The ball of your foot acts as a springboard to
help you lift off when you are jogging or running. Sudden increase in
the use of these bones or the tendon that controls them can cause
irritation. The tendon then begins to develop inflammation and the joint
begins to swell. People with smaller, bonier feet or those with a high
arch are typically more susceptible to this condition.

Sesamoiditis
is fairly simple to diagnose since the symptoms have a gradual onset
rather than a sudden impact. The symptoms begin with slight irritation
around the joint shortly after the increase in activity. The discomfort
eventually turns to pain with light swelling and possibly redness.
Although redness or bruising are rare, this may be a symptom. After each
session of exercising, the aggravated joint becomes more irritated and
increases into a very intense throbbing.

Treatment for
sesamoiditis can vary depending on the severity of the situation.
However, treatment is almost always approached in a noninvasive way. For
a case that is just beginning the doctor may recommend a very strict
rest period that will limit the activity allowed on the joint. If you
must be active, a recommendation for as modified shoe or insole, along
with bandaging and immobilizing the big toe will be made to ensure that
pressure is not placed on the joint. For severe cases, it is typically
recommended that the joint and the big toe be completely immobilized to
allow adequate time to heal. Ice and an over the counter
anti-inflammatory may can help with the pain and discomfort while you
are at rest.

When you return to your regular exercise activities,
it is recommended that you use an insole that will allow even
distribution of impact to your entire foot, rather than just the balls
of your foot. This will prevent further aggravation of the injury.

Ingrown Toenail Care

An ingrown toenail is
caused when a toenail grows sideways into the bed of the nail, causing
pain and swelling. Sometimes this can become infected causing drainage
and may become serious.

There are many risk factors that can
predispose a person to this common condition. Cutting your nails too
short, participating in sports, diabetes, being overweight, or having a
fungal infection of the toe can all cause ingrown toe nails. Many people
are genetically prone to ingrown nails and it can often be related to
genetics. Often the problem can come from wearing ill-fitting shoes, or
even from shoes that keep the feet slightly damp.

There are some
things that you can do to prevent and treat these painful problems.
Letting your toe nails grow a little longer will help prevent this
condition. If you do develop an ingrown nail, soaking the toe in hot
water will help prevent infection and lessen pain. You may want to add
antibiotic soap or Epsom salts to the water. This will help to prevent
infection.

Some experts also recommend placing small pieces of
cotton under the affected part. This will help the toenail to grow up
instead into in your nail bed. Resting with your feet up can reduce
swelling and redness.

If your pain is so severe that it keeps you
from everyday activities, it is time to see your podiatrist. Also, if
you see a red streak running up your leg, or if your infection is
spreading, see a podiatrist immediately. There are many quick treatments
that can lessen your pain and have you walking with comfort. One method
of treating an ingrown toenail involves using a Band-Aid. Wrapping the
affected toe with a Band-Aid will prevent infection and also keep the
nail from growing out at painful angles.

If your podiatrist feels
it is necessary, he or she may make a small incision and remove part of
your toe nail. Medication will be placed in the nail bed to prevent
re-growth of the problem nail parts. This will be done under local
anesthesia and should lessen your discomfort in no time. You will be
advised to stay off your foot for a day or so, but can then carry on
normal activities.

Take care of your feet; you have many steps to
take in your life. Walking in comfort should be a priority for a
lifetime of healthy living.

Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Feet

Although
rheumatoid arthritis actually attacks multiple bones and joints
throughout the entire body, ninety percent of people who actually
develop this condition usually do so in the foot or ankle area. Those
who develop this kind of arthritis in the feet usually develop symptoms
around the toes and forefeet first, before anywhere else. Rheumatoid
arthritis appears to have a genetic component. If it runs in the family,
then you will be more likely to develop it as well.

Rheumatoid
arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own immune
system attacks the lining of the membranes surrounding the joints. This
causes inflammation of the membrane lining, and the gradual destruction
of the joint’s cartilage and even bone.

Some of the most common
symptoms that are associated with RA include pain and swelling of the
feet. Stiffness in the feet is also another common symptom that people
experience. Those who have RA in the feet usually feel the pain in the
ball or sole of their feet. This can get to be very painful at times. A
person's joints can even shift and become deformed after a period of
time.

In order to properly diagnose RA in the feet it is usually
necessary for a doctor or podiatrist to evaluate the area. Your doctor
will also question you about your medical history, occupation, etc., to
determine whether anything in your lifestyle may have triggered the
condition. There are a number of tests that may be performed to help
diagnose RA such as a rheumatoid factor test, although there is no one
single test that will tell you for sure if you have RA. There are
different X-rays that can be taken as well to determine if a person has
RA in their feet.

There is a range of treatment options for
rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of RA is usually a lifelong process that
includes a variety of methods of treatment and therapy. Your doctor can
prescribe special shoes that should help with arch support as well as
heel support. A physical therapist can help those with this condition
learn exercises which will keep their joints flexible. Surgery may be
needed to correct some of the issues with the feet, such as bunions, and
hammertoes. Fusion is usually the most successful surgical option for
rheumatoid arthritis. However, people need to keep in mind that there
are some risks associated with these surgeries.

Bunions

The term bunion refers to an
enlargement of the base joint of the toe, the connection to the foot.
This enlargement may be formed of swollen tissue or a bony growth, and
is caused by the shifting of the bones in the big toe inward, toward the
other toes of the foot. The area around the base of the big toe may
become inflamed, red, and painful.

Genetic factors are important
in the formation of bunions – people who get bunions are usually
genetically predisposed to this bone displacement, and may cause its
onset by wearing improperly fitting shoes, or by running or walking in a
way that causes stress to the feet. Another common cause for bunions is
wearing high heeled shoes. The weight of the body in these shoes pushes
the toes into an unnatural position, possibly causing bone
displacement.

A podiatrist who specializes in foot structure and bio-mechanics will
be able to quickly diagnose bunions. Bunions must be distinguished from
gout or arthritic conditions, so blood tests may be necessary. The
podiatrist may order a radiological exam to provide an image of the bone
structure. If the x-ray demonstrates an enlargement of the joint near
the base of the toe and a shifting toward the smaller toes, this is
indicative of a bunion.

Wearing wider shoes can remove the
pressure on the bunion and reduce pain. High heeled shoes should be
eliminated for a period of time as this type of shoe generally pushes
the big toe outward toward the smaller toes. This may be enough to
eliminate the pain associated with bunions; however, if pain persists,
anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed. Severe pain may require an
injection of steroids near the bunion. Orthotics for shoes may be
prescribed which, by altering the pressure on the foot, can be helpful
in reducing pain. These do not correct the problem, but by eliminating
the pain, they can provide relief.

Everything You Need to Know About Gout

Gout, typically found
in diabetic patients, is an unusually painful form of arthritis caused
by elevated levels of uric acid in the bloodstream. The condition
typically strikes the metatarsal phalangeal joint on the big toe; though
it has been known to strike the knees, elbows, fingers, ankles and
wrists—generally anywhere that has a functioning, moving joint.

The
high level of uric acid in a person’s bloodstream creates the condition
known as hyperuricema—the main cause of gout. Genetic predisposition
occurs in nine out of ten sufferers and the children of parents who
suffer gout will have a two in ten chance of developing the condition as
well.

This form of arthritis, again noted as being particularly
painful, is the leftover uric acid crystallizing in the blood stream
and travel to the space between joints where they rub causing agonizing
friction when the patient moves. Symptoms include; pain, redness,
swelling, and inflammation. Tertiary side effects may include fatigue
and fever though reports of these effects are very rare. Some patients
have reported that, as temperature drops (when you sleep for instance)
the pain may intensify.

Most cases of gout are easily diagnosed
by a clinician’s assessment of the various symptoms; however, there are
defined tests that can be performed. If the doctor does not suggest them
first, you may want to have a blood test to detect elevated levels of
uric acid, perhaps withdraw synovial fluid in the joints (where the
crystals would lay), as well as the use of an x-ray to diagnose visible
and chronic gout.
Treatment for gout simply means eliminating
symptoms; non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (Colchicine and other
corticosteroid drugs, etc.) will quell the redness, the swelling, and
the inflammation, however, diet, lifestyle changes, and preventative
drugs are necessary to fully combat the most severe cases.

Those
that lead a sedentary lifestyle are at a higher risk for gout. Any
amount of exercise decreases probability of repeat encounters with the
condition. Also, staying away from, or reducing drastically, consumption
of red meat, sea food, and fructose-sweetened drinks reduces the
likelihood of chronic gout as well.

As for diet, beyond what has
already been mentioned, ingesting Vitamin C, coffee, and particular
dairy products help on the preventative maintenance side of healthy
living. While new drugs are out on the market that inhibit the body’s
production of uric acid-producing enzymes, reducing or eliminating as
much as possible your overall levels of uric acid will ensure you lead a
gout-free life.

Effect of High-Heels on the Feet

Women have been wearing
various kinds of high-heels for hundreds of years, mostly for aesthetic
reasons. Shoes with heels make their wearer appear to be taller and to
have longer and thinner legs, and change the wearer’s gait and posture.
High-heels’ association with femininity have kept them popular over the
years, but there are definite health problems caused by wearing
high-heels too frequently.
High heels also limit the motion of the
ankle joints as well when they are worn. The ankle is a very important
joint in the body when it comes to walking. These joints have a great
deal of weight put on them because of their location. This is why it is
so important to keep them as healthy as possible. The main tendon in the
ankle is the Achilles tendon. Studies have shown that wearing high
heels often causes the calf muscle and Achilles tendon to shorten, and
stiffens the Achilles tendon as well, which can cause problems when
shoes without heels are worn.
By forcing the toes into a small toe
box, and putting a great deal of pressure on the ball of the foot,
high-heels can cause or worsen many foot problems, such as corns,
hammertoe, bunions, Morton’s neuroma and plantar fasciitis.

Wearing
high-heels regularly, especially very high ones, can have long term
negative effects on many other parts of the body, as well as the feet.
One of the most important joints in the entire body, the knees, can be
affected by wearing high heels. Wearing high heels causes the knees to
stay bent at all times. It also causes them to bend slightly inward as
well. Many doctors believe that constantly walking like this is the
reason that women are so much more likely to suffer from osteoarthritis
later in life. High-heels also cause increased stress on the knees by
limiting the natural motion of the foot during walking.

The back
may also be negatively affected by high heels because this shoe style
causes the back to go out of alignment. This affects the spine’s ability
to absorb shock, and can cause continued pain in the back if high heels
are worn constantly. High-heels also compress the vertebrae of the
lower back, and can cause overuse of the muscles in the lower back.

This
is not to say that high heels should never be worn. They will not cause
serious problems if they are worn only occasionally. However, they
should not be worn every day in order to avoid long term physical health
problems to the feet, knees, ankles and back.

Broken Foot Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A broken foot is when one of the bones located in the foot fractures, or breaks. About 10% of broken bones occur in the foot.

Bones
typically break when an object crushes, bends, or stretches the bone.
In the foot, the location of the broken bone is usually indicative of
how the break occurred. Toes usually break when something hard and solid
is kicked with great force. Broken Heels are usually a result of
falling from a great height and landing on the feet. Other broken bones
in the feet can occur because of a twisted or sprained ankle. Most of
the time, a broken foot results from a sudden accident or injury.
Sometimes small cracks can form over time in the bones of the feet from
repeated stress. These cracks are called stress fractures and usually
only occur in athletes that put a lot of pressure on their feet, like
runners, dancers, and gymnasts.

Symptoms of a broken foot
typically include pain, swelling, bruising, and redness. Occasionally
the pain of a broken foot may be so severe that walking is not an
option. However, this depends on the location of the broken bone within
the foot. Broken toes are usually less painful than broken heels or
other bones within the foot. A foot that is blue, numb, cold, misshapen,
cut or deformed can occur in more serious cases of broken feet. Those
who are experiencing any of these symptoms, or suspect that they have a
broken foot, should seek medical attention in a center where x-rays can
be performed.

Prior to seeking the attention of a doctor,
several steps can be taken at home in order to reduce pain and swelling.
Stabilization and elevation of the broken foot should be the number one
priority. It is important not to move the foot, so any type of homemade
splint will work well. However, any splint that causes the foot to
become more painful, or cut off blood circulation should be removed. Ice
can also decrease swelling and alleviate some of the pain that a broken
foot can cause.

In a medical center, treatment for a broken bone
will differ depending on which bone in the foot is fractured and
depending on what caused the break. Some broken feet will require the
patient to use

Exercise for Your Feet

Whether your feet are over-worked or
under-worked, chances are they could benefit from some special
attention. Even those who exercise regularly probably do not spend any
time strengthening their feet. This can be just as rewarding as
strengthening the rest of the body, since the health of your feet
affects the health of the rest of the body as well, especially the
ankles, legs, and spine.

For those who might not have any idea on
how a foot-specific exercise might be conducted, there are several
workouts that are fairly easy to perform in the comfort of ones’ home.
One of the easiest is the toe rise, also known as the tip-toe. This
exercise involves standing on the tip-toes for a count of 15 then
resting the feet on the ground. This process should be repeated a
minimum of three times a day in order to strengthen the feet.

Toe
pick-ups strengthen the feet by working them in a very different way.
In this exercise, small items are picked up using the toes in order to
strengthen the muscles on the upper part of the feet. Once again three
sets should be performed, with the item in question being held for 15
seconds then dropped. Items that may be picked up using the feet include
marbles and even stationery, which works wonders for the toes and the
surrounding muscles.

Yet another simple workout is the ankle
pump. This can be done either upwards or downwards, but for the workout
to be most effective both can be incorporated into the routine. As the
term suggests, this involves lifting the foot off the floor and flexing
the toes either towards the shin or towards the ground. This movement
puts the feet and ankles through a large range of motion which works
muscles.

Last but not least, feet should be stretched so that the
muscles can relax and recuperate. This can be done by placing both feet
of the floor and bracing oneself against the wall at a 45 degree angle.
This ensures that the feet and ankles are adequately stretched once the
workout is complete.

In short, giving the feet a good workout
every now and then is important in order to avoid problems such as
plantar fasciitis, as well as to warm-up or cool-down after running or
vigorous walking. Foot exercises may be followed by a good foot massage
which encourages circulation in the feet as well as muscle relaxation.

Barefoot Running

A new trend in running and jogging has popped
up recently, called barefoot running. Barefoot running is a popular and
growing trend that is just what it sounds – running without shoes.
Before deciding to do any running without shoes, it's best to understand
how this kind of running affects the feet.

Running without shoes
changes the motion of running. Most running is done by landing on the
heel of the feet. Running barefoot requires a different way of running;
in a barefoot stride landing is done on the front part of the feet.
Because of this, the impact shifts from the heels to the front feet.
Runners also shorten their strides to create a softer landing.

Running
barefoot does have its advantages. When running and landing on the
front feet, the impact on the feet and ankle is reduced, which may
reduce the incidence of stress injuries. It strengthens muscles in the
feet, and also strengthens muscles in the ankles and lower legs that
aren't usually worked. Overall balance of the body is improved and there
is greater sensory input from the feet to the rest of the body, making
overall position and motion less stressful on the body. It has been
found that in countries in which some of the population regularly wear
shoes and some do not, numbers of foot and ankle injuries are much
higher in those who wear shoes.

People hearing about barefoot
running for the first time are skeptical about it, and there are good
reasons for skepticism. Running barefoot certainly has its drawbacks,
the obvious being no protection of the feet when running. This makes it
likely that when runners land on sharp or rough objects, scrapes,
bruises, and cuts on feet will result. Blisters will form when beginning
this kind of running especially, you may have plantar fascia problems.
Landing on the front feet constantly also increases the risk of getting
Achilles tendonitis.

So what can runners do to make barefoot
running safe? It’s best to make a slow transition from running shoes to
barefoot running. The body is used to wearing shoes so to slowly
transition to bare feet, start by walking barefoot for a distance and
then increase walking distance. Once the feet begin to adjust, try
walking and then jogging and gradually increase the distance. If you
have foot problems talk to the doctor first before attempting barefoot
running. When starting out, it may also be helpful to begin by running
on pavement or other consistent surfaces to avoid sharp or rough
objects. Minimalist running shoes may also be an option, as they allow
for many of the benefits of barefoot running while also protecting the
feet from cuts and scrapes.

Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Feet

Although
rheumatoid arthritis actually attacks multiple bones and joints
throughout the entire body, ninety percent of people who actually
develop this condition usually do so in the foot or ankle area. Those
who develop this kind of arthritis in the feet usually develop symptoms
around the toes and forefeet first, before anywhere else. Rheumatoid
arthritis appears to have a genetic component. If it runs in the family,
then you will be more likely to develop it as well.

Rheumatoid
arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own immune
system attacks the lining of the membranes surrounding the joints. This
causes inflammation of the membrane lining, and the gradual destruction
of the joint’s cartilage and even bone.

Some of the most common
symptoms that are associated with RA include pain and swelling of the
feet. Stiffness in the feet is also another common symptom that people
experience. Those who have RA in the feet usually feel the pain in the
ball or sole of their feet. This can get to be very painful at times. A
person's joints can even shift and become deformed after a period of
time.

In order to properly diagnose RA in the feet it is
usually necessary for a doctor or podiatrist to evaluate the area. Your
doctor will also question you about your medical history, occupation,
etc., to determine whether anything in your lifestyle may have triggered
the condition. There are a number of tests that may be performed to
help diagnose RA such as a rheumatoid factor test, although there is no
one single test that will tell you for sure if you have RA. There are
different X-rays that can be taken as well to determine if a person has
RA in their feet.

There is a range of treatment options for
rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of RA is usually a lifelong process that
includes a variety of methods of treatment and therapy. Your doctor can
prescribe special shoes that should help with arch support as well as
heel support. A physical therapist can help those with this condition
learn exercises which will keep their joints flexible. Surgery may be
needed to correct some of the issues with the feet, such as bunions, and
hammertoes. Fusion is usually the most successful surgical option for
rheumatoid arthritis. However, people need to keep in mind that there
are some risks associated with these surgeries.

Playing Sports With Foot Injuries

There are many types of foot injuries common among athletes such as
plantar fasciitis, overpronation, strains, turf toe, heel spurs, and
stress fractures of the foot. Plantar fasciitis is when the thick
ligament in the base of the foot becomes swollen, and causes pain.
Overpronation is excessive movement of the foot during gait. Pronation
would be normal movement of the gait, but when movements become
excessive, it leads to a variety of areas becoming painful due to the
overpronation. The most common complaint is a burning sensation or
inflammation under the arch of the foot, often called strain or arch
pain. Heel spurs are growths of the bone in the heel where soft tissues
and tendons connect. Turf toe comes from upward bending of the big toe
outside of the normal range of motion. It most commonly occurs in
athletes that play on artificial surfaces because a shoe grips the
surface and forces and athletes weight forward causing the upward
bending of the large toe. This causes damage by stretching the ligaments
under the toe. Stress fractures could be caused by overuse due to
muscle fatigue in the foot, preventing the muscles and ligaments from
absorbing the shock and trauma.

Many athletes continue to play
with mild foot injuries. You should remember to properly stretch before
any activities, focusing on their calves to prevent injuries and reduce
reoccurring pain. It is also common to wear braces to protect the areas
that commonly become overstretched and use shoe inserts such as heel
pads. It is important to remember to wear proper footwear and replace
shoes when needed.

There are many kinds of treatments required
to keep the injury from becoming serious. Most commonly an athlete
should immediately ice the injury to take down swelling and
inflammation. Applying a compression bandage and resting will also
reduce pain and stress on the foot. Rest could include using crutches to
keep weight off of the injury to allow proper healing for instance. For
plantar fasciitis, make sure calves are properly stretched and refrain
from hills or speed work. One should try wearing an arch strap to add
support. Those with heel spurs should also try arch straps to reduce
strain and ice often. The best remedy would be heel pads. Aside from
that, one would need a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist. It may
require surgery. Those who are suffering from overpronation or turf toe
should invest in a quality shoe to reduce motion. There are special
insert and braces for the big toe, as well as shoes with firm soles to
prevent bending. Stress fractures usually require rest, so an athlete
may participate in lower impact activities to allow rest and healing.
Most importantly, one should seek medical advice if pain does not go
away or recurs frequently.

Diabetic Foot Care

Diabetes affects millions of people each year. Diabetes damages
blood vessels in all parts of the body, including the feet. The legs and
feet may have slow blood flow which causes neuropathy (nerve damage).
Once a diabetic patient develops neuropathy, it is imperative that
the feet are well taken care of to avoid amputation of the feet or
legs.

It is important when caring for the feet of diabetics to always wash
and thoroughly dry the feet, especially between the toes. Next,
examine your feet and toes for any redness or sores that may be there,
even if you do not feel any pain. You may also use a mirror to
examine your feet from the bottom side. Avoid wearing colored socks to
prevent infections that may occur from the dye used in them.
Well-fitting socks are also highly recommended.

Anyone with diabetes should have their physicians to monitor
Hemoglobin A1C levels as this test lets the physician know how well
the blood sugar levels have been controlled during the past 3 months.
It is very important to keep the blood sugar levels in the normal
range (70-110mg/dl). There are medications that a physician may
prescribe to help with neuropathy of the diabetic patient. It is also
advisable to visit a podiatrist if the diabetic patient is
experiencing any conditions involving the feet. Toe nails may need to
be taken care of by a podiatrist as some patients may cut to deep or not
deep enough around the cuticles and risk having an infection that
could occur.

While at home a person can take care of their feet if they follow
instructions given by their physician or nurse. An effective treatment
is using creams and applying them to the heels due to the possibility
of extreme dryness. Be careful when using tools to remove the calluses
as severe diabetics may not be able to feel pain, and this can cause a
severe wound to develop.

Diabetic feet absolutely need to be inspected on a daily basis.
Always notify your health care professional with any concerns that you
may have about the care of your feet. Waiting to see if a wound will
get better is not a good idea as it can turn into a life threatening
condition. Gangrene is a serious problem for diabetics and can lead to
sepsis and amputation. Early treatment and daily inspection of the
diabetic feet are keys to staying healthy.

Treating Heel Pain with Shockwave Therapy

Heel
pain shockwave therapy is a treatment option that helps to treat
plantar fascia, which is a type of heel and foot inflammation that
causes pain to the heel area. This type of injury is often caused by
overworking and overusing the feet, and normally happens to people that
exercise often such as runners, athletes, obese and overweight
individuals, and individuals whose profession requires them to stand for
long periods of time.

Since heel pain can be caused by a
number of problems including poorly fitting shoes, exercise routines,
work hazards, and many more, most plantar fascia treatments include very
conservative techniques. Simple things like new shoes, taking
ibuprofen, doing heel and foot exercises, and resting your feet can
treat the problem. However, for the worst cases, using shockwave therapy
is often the best treatment option.

For patients that have
tried conventional treatment options, and failed at them, and who have
been having heel pains for over six months, Shockwave treatment is often
the next option. The concept behind this treatment is simple;
shockwaves are generated from a device that delivers shockwaves to the
outside of the patients body, and the shockwaves will cause the bodies
repair mechanisms to work more efficiently and effectively, and in the
end, start repairing the damage done to the heel area.

The
goal of shockwave therapy is to eliminate the pain in the heel area, and
this should happen because shockwaves trigger the body’s natural repair
mechanisms. Basically, this therapy speeds up normal tissue healing in
the body, and will also lead to a reduction in pain for the patient by
working the pain transmission nerves located in the heel area.

The reason this treatment is gaining popularity is because it is less
invasive than surgery, and eliminates the risk factors associated with
surgery, such as anesthetic usage. Since this technique also works by
helping the body to improve using natural healing techniques, the
recovery time should be shorter than surgical processes.

This
does not mean that there are not some discomfort issues that can arise
out of this treatment for patients. Short term issues normally include
skin bruising, minor pain during and after treatment, swelling of the
heel, and discolored tissue. These side effects of shockwave therapy
should be gone in a few days, giving the patient a fast recovery time
which makes it easy to return to the routines of their daily life .

Like most types of treatments, surgeries, and medications, there are
certain people that should not have shockwave therapy procedures
performed on them. Potential patients with heart conditions and people
with pacemakers should not be considered for this technique. People on
certain types of medications, usually medications affecting blood
clotting, would also be ineligible for this treatment option. And
lastly, children and pregnant women should avoid this as well.

Overall, shockwave therapy could be a great option for heel pain
because it is less invasive than surgery, helps to trigger the natural
healing mechanisms of the body, and should be considered by people who
have had long bouts of heel pain, who have tried conventional treatment
options that failed, and who have the money to afford such a procedure.

Proper Shoe Fitting

Proper shoe fitting is one of the most common concerns people have
when it comes to the health of their feet. To some this may not seem
like a major issue, but the reality is that improperly fitted shoes
account for a tremendous amount of injuries to the foot. Because our
feet, our posture, and our gait directly affect the bio-mechanics and
the overall structure of our entire body, pains and discomforts felt
elsewhere within the body can frequently be attributed to improperly
fitted footwear. Here are a few factors to consider, which will help you
select the proper footwear when shopping.

Do not purchase
shoes with the expectation that they will stretch to accommodate the
size of your feet. You are looking for shoes that fit correctly right
away. If the shoes you purchase are too large and are slipping in the
area of the heel while you walk, do not purchase them. Do not look
favorably upon shoes that slip with the intention of wearing thicker
socks to compensate for the slippage. Make certain that in the widest
portion of the shoes, the ball of your foot, fits comfortably in the
shoe.

It may be difficult to focus on these things with all the
distractions of shopping, or tempting to ignore them because you badly
want an uncomfortable shoe. However, if you cannot wear shoes because
they hurt too much to use, your money and time will be wasted. When you
get your new shoes home, put them on and walk around on a carpeted
surface to see ensure your shoe's fit comfortably with normal activity.

With 33 joints, 26 bones, and over 100 ligaments, the potential for
damage to the sensitive components within the foot are greater than many
people realize. Finding a properly fitting shoe is the single most
important factor you can do to help prevent injury and maintain optimal
foot health. Adults tend to forget the fact that our feet continue to
change as we grow older. So, even though they may no longer experience
growth spurts associated with youth, their feet still change shape as
they mature.

If you already have problems with your feet,
wearing improperly fitted shoes can potentially exacerbate those
problems. Fortunately, it does not require a tremendous amount of effort
to find shoes that fit correctly. When shopping for shoes, keep in mind
that improperly fitted shoes can not only cause a whole host of
disorders and problems to occur within the feet themselves—they can
affect the entire bio-mechanical structure of the body. Your posture and
your stride are based on your feet, so your footwear can have a
tremendous impact on the legs, back, and rest of your body. Finding the
proper shoe fitting is essential to keep your feet and body healthly.

Heel Spurs

Heel spurs are most commonly the result of calcium
deposits on the back of the foot where the heel is. They may also be the
result of small fragments of bone breaking off one section of the foot
and attaching to the back of the foot. Heel spurs can also be bone
growth on the back of the foot. When this is the case, the bone growth
tends to grow in the direction of the arch of the foot.

Heel
spurs are most commonly diagnosed in older individuals. Younger
individuals also suffer from heel spurs, but the pain associated with
the condition usually intensifies in aging. Heel spurs have the
propensity to inflict a great deal of pain, although the heel spur
itself does is not always the cause of the pain. Heel spurs are often
associated with plantar fasciitis.

The pain that is associated
with bone spurs can be traced to the placing of weight on the feet. As
the individual stands or walks their weight is placed on the feet,
causing the bone spur to press on and poke the other bones and tissues
in the feet. This may result in severe pain. As the condition continues
to persist the tissues in the feet will become tender and overly
sensitive.

If an individual is suffering from heel spurs and
their related pain, there are a number of treatments that may be
undertaken. These treatments range from medicines, surgery, and herbal
treatments. One of the simplest ways to ease the pain and discomfort of
heel pain is to use special foot supports. These insoles are placed
directly in the individual's shoes. They relieve the pain and tension
that is placed on the foot by offering a soft gel pad for the weight to
be evenly distributed without causing pain.

There are also a
number of exercises that some believe may relieve or actually reverse
heel spur growth and therefore stop the pain. One such exercise has the
ball of the foot against the wall while balance is maintained on the
heel of the foot. The individual then shifts their weight towards the
wall, causing a rubbing of the heel spur. Other exercises and stretches
may also be performed that can help loosen and relax muscles and tendons
in the feet, relieving pain. Applying ice packs and taking
anti-inflammatory medication may also help. Night splints may be worn
while sleeping to keep the foot stretched out, which may make the foot
less painful in the morning.

Getting the Right Shoe Size: How To Keep Your Feet Happy

Are your shoes the right size? Many people are walking around with
ill-fitting shoes. Picking the right shoe size is not rocket science,
but there are a few things to remember when selecting your next pair.

Most shoe stores and department stores have rulers for measuring your
feet, and these can give you an exact size. Be sure to measure with your
shoe on. Measuring your foot will give you a different size than your
shoe. If you do measure your foot size, you will need to add 1-2 inches
to get the proper sizing.

Wiggle room is the most important
factor when selecting shoes. Make sure that your toes are not cramped
and that you can wiggle them. A rule of thumb is that there should be
one inch between your toes and the tip of your shoe. If your shoes are
not properly sized, you can experience foot pain, knee pain, blisters
and swelling.

Don’t assume that you will always wear the same
size in a shoe. Often manufacturers size shoes differently. The size you
wear with one company may not be the same as the size you wear with
another. Make sure that the company you buy from has a return policy. No
one needs a closet full of shoes which they cannot wear.

It
is advisable not to buy your shoes in the morning, but rather late in
the day. Your feet actually swell as the day goes on and you need plenty
of room to walk comfortably. Buying shoes in the morning that are snug
is sure to cause problems once the day is done. Also, make sure that you
are buying the right sizes for both feet. It is not uncommon for one
foot to be larger than the other, and some people have to buy two
separate sizes to accommodate different sized feet.

The
biggest concern in buying shoes is comfort. Oftentimes people will buy
shoes that are not the most comfortable in the store. People think that
the shoes simply need to be “broken in”. If a shoe does not fit in the
store, it will not fit at home either. Comfort should be the ultimate
goal when purchasing a pair of shoes; your feet will thank you.

Let’s face it; we all walk a lot, some of us more than others.
Selecting the best shoes for your particular lifestyle is essential. By
properly sizing your shoes and buying the proper comfort level, your
feet will be dancing all day long.

Biomechanics in Podiatry

Podiatric biomechanics is a
particular sector of specialty podiatry with licensed practitioners who
are trained to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the foot, ankle
and lower leg. Biomechanics deals with the forces that act against the
body causing an interference with the biological structure and focuses
on the movement of the ankle, the foot and the forces that interact with
them.

At some time in our lives we will all experience foot
problems, regardless of our lifestyle or age, and we all take our
mobility for granted until we are in pain. Twists or turns can cause
problems and apply stress to the feet, and that pain will spread from
the foot structure to the surrounding tissues. The pain will concentrate
in the foot and ankle, but may eventually spread up into the knees,
hips and back.

The history of biomechanics dates back to the BC
era in Egypt where evidence of professional foot care has been recorded.
Afterwards, during the first century AD, corns on feet were recorded as
specifically growing on feet and toes. In 1974 biomechanics gained a
higher profile from the studies of Merton Root, who claimed that by
changing or controlling the forces between the ankle and the foot,
corrections of conditions could be implemented to gain strength and
coordination to the area. His basic principles of thermoplastic foot
orthotics are still in use throughout the industry today.

Modern
technology improvements are based on past theories and therapeutic
processes providing a better understanding of podiatry concepts for
biomechanics. Computers provide accurate determinations about the
forces, movements and patterns of the foot and lower legs with the most
important information captured. Today’s knowledge of detailed
measurement of external and internal forces in the foot is critical to
the individual’s treatment. Like most health industries, precise
determinations assist the practitioner in diagnosing and prescribing the
best treatment for health improving results.

Advances in
materials and more awareness of biomechanics have developed enhanced
corrective methods, offering further options for foot-related injuries.
Shoe orthotics options have expanded to treat walking inability, helping
to realign the posture deviations caused by hip or back health
occurrences. Attention to posture and foot mechanics uses individual
insoles to position the foot, aligning the ankle and leg. The corrected
positioning comforts the pressure and helps to ease the pain.
Understanding foot biomechanics can help improve and eliminate pain,
stopping further stress to the foot. However, these results can only
happen if one seeks a podiatrist who specializes in biomechanics.

All About Broken Ankles

Broken ankles are a very serious
injury which, if not properly treated, can lead to continuous pain and
an inability to walk. An ankle is made up of at least three major
bones--the tibia, fibula, and talus. The tibia and fibula are the two
bones that connect to your knees. They sit directly upon the talus bone,
protected by a fibrous membrane that allows slight movement in our
ankle joint. When the ankle is broken, it is because the foot rolled
under or twisted too far, causing one or more of these three bones to
break.

An ankle sprain occurs when ligaments are ripped or torn
but no bones were broken. A sprain can be very severe, causing severe
bruising of the foot and an inability to hold weight. In the case of
broken ankles, the bones broken in this region could be numerous. If a
person cannot stand their own weight on their ankle then it is most
likely a broken ankle. The best thing to do if you suspect you have a
broken ankle is to get an x-ray to determine the severity of the break
immediately. The longer you wait to be diagnosed, the longer the healing
process will take.

The most common cause of a broken ankle is
when the foot has rolled over on itself, usually while engaged in
exercise, physical activity, or sports. Another common cause is from a
jump of great height. It is most important to seek medical treatment if
one suspects they have broken ankles. A doctor can determine if surgery
is needed in order to heal correctly. Without medical assistance after
such an injury, a person may suffer severe arthritis and pain later in
life. In some cases, an operation may be the only option to ensure the
ability to walk properly again.

Broken ankles will cause severe
pain. It will help to elevate the feet above your head to reduce blood
flow to the injured area, as well as applying ice to the ankles to help
decrease swelling. If surgery is required, it usually means an ankle
cast for at least three months and then rehabilitation. Rehabilitation
can be painful, using atrophied muscles and building tendon strength.

It
is important to determine if surgery is needed as a broken ankle can
become more severe than you realize. If not professionally treated, the
broken ankle bones will inhibit your ability to walk properly.

Flip-flops and Feet

Flip-flops are a popular, convenient type of shoe. Not only do they
allow you open room for your feet to breathe, but you can freely move
your toes and wear them with most clothing styles. Unfortunately,
flip-flops also have a downside, as they can harm your feet in more ways
than you think.

Although they are very comfortable, wearing flip-flops frequently
could lead to issues in the lower body in the long run. This is due to
the fact that people walk differently in flip-flops as opposed to other
shoes such as sneakers. The natural gait changes, causing stress to
different parts of the body while throwing the body off entirely.
Flip-flops could also cause problems in the arches and balls of your
feet, as they provide little to no support to the body.

Flip-flops may also cause more apparent short-term symptoms as well,
such as blisters and ankle sprains. Flip-flops are generally made with
weak materials and bend easily, making it easier for its wearers to trip
and injure their ankles. They may also cause blisters since the straps
rub up against the foot. Due to the openness of flip-flops, its wearers
could also risk infections, making it easier to scrape and cut the foot
since there is little protection. If left uncovered (and untreated),
these cuts could get dirtied and later infected.

To avoid this, purchase a pair of flip-flops that offer ample
protection. Be sure the sole is firm and sturdy and not ‘floppy’, or
that the sole doesn’t bend or wiggle a lot when lifted from the floor.
If you select flip-flops made of high quality material, you will not
have to be concerned about this. Although they may be more expensive,
these shoes last longer and protect your feet better as opposed to a
cheaper pair. Brand names also help, so be sure to buy from a reliable
manufacturer.

You
can still wear your favorite pair of flip-flops, just don’t wear them
daily or for extended periods of time. Replace flip-flops every 3-4
months in order to ensure they provide the best protection for your
feet.

Keeping Children's Feet Healthy

As a parent, your most important job is taking care of your children
in every possible way. You watch what they eat, you protect them from
harm, but it is important to be proactive in taking care of their
health, especially when it comes to their feet. Having healthy, well
taken care of feet in childhood is crucial in helping eliminate problems
later in life, especially in the back and legs. As children grow, their
feet require different types of care. Here are some ways you can help
keep your children's feet healthy, from birth to school age.

Babies require a lot of care in general, but don't forget their feet.
Since babies don't walk yet, their feet can be easy to overlook, but it
is still important to take care of them. In the first year of life a
baby's feet grow and change very much, so it is important that you do
not put any tight shoes or socks on your baby's feet. Let your baby
stretch and kick her feet so he or she can feel comfortable.

When a baby turns into a toddler, they are now on the move and it is
important that your toddler has comfortable and protective shoes to walk
in. Now is the time you may notice different things about your child's
feet, but know that children at this age are just getting the feel for
walking, so don't be alarmed if they seem to walk funny. It is normal
for a toddler to be unsteady on their feet.

When your child
gets older and leaves the toddler stage behind, it is now important that
you teach them how to take care of their own feet. Show them proper
cleaning and hygiene so that their feet do not develop fungus or
infection. Since children are constantly running and playing, it is also
important to watch out for injury or pain. Children are still growing,
and certain injuries can effect the bones growth and development so it
is vital to have all injuries checked by a doctor as soon as possible.
Comfortable shoes that cushion the foot and provide protection from
hours of rough play are highly recommended.

Children and
babies are constantly growing and developing, and it is your job as a
parent to make sure that nothing is hindering their ability to mature at
a normal rate. This includes properly taking care of the feet, as
healthy feet are important in order to live a normal, fulfilling life.

Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Poor Blood Circulation in the Feet

Poor blood circulation in the feet and legs is often caused by
peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is usually the result of a build
up of plaque in the arteries. Plaque build up, or atherosclerosis, can
be the result of excess calcium and cholesterol in the bloodstream,
which restricts how much blood can flow through arteries. Reduced blood
flow to a certain area of the body severely limits the amount of oxygen
and nutrients that part of the body receives, causing degeneration in
the muscles and other tissues. Sometimes, poor blood circulation in the
feet and legs can be caused by other conditions, such as damage to or
inflammation of blood vessels, known as vasculitis.

The lack of
oxygen and nutrients caused by poor blood circulation can restrict
muscle growth and development, as well as cause muscle pain and cramps,
weakness, and stiffness. Other common symptoms include numbness in the
legs and feet, skin discoloration in the affected limbs, slower nail and
hair growth, and erectile dysfunction in men. In more severe cases of
PAD, pain can be present even when a person isn't exercising, and may
range from mildly uncomfortable to completely debilitating.

Poor blood circulation in the feet and legs is more common in those who
are overweight or obese, have diabetes, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, who smoke, or who have a family history of PAD or related
conditions (heart attack, stroke, etc.). Diabetes and smoking place a
person at greatest risk for developing poor blood circulation, although
advanced age (over 50) can also increase risk.

If you are
experiencing poor blood circulation in the feet and legs caused by PAD,
it is important to make changes to your lifestyle in order to reduce
your risk of experiencing a heart attack or stroke caused by this
condition. If you smoke, quit completely -- this will increase the
amount of oxygen in your bloodstream. Exercising and reducing the
saturated fats in your diet (which come from fatty meats, fried foods,
whole milk, etc.) can make a difference in improving blood circulation
in feet. It is also important to avoid developing influenza and to
carefully control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.

Your
doctor may recommend combining lifestyle changes with a prescription
medication regimen to improve blood circulation. The most commonly-used
medications for PAD are called statins and work by blocking the amount
of enzymes in your body that produce cholesterol. They are known by the
brand names Zocor, Lipitor, Crestor, and others.

Heel Pain

Heel pain is a stressful condition that effects day to day
activities. Running and walking causes stress on the heel because the
heel is the part of the foot that hits the ground first. This means that
the heel is taking on your entire weight. Diagnosis and treatments for
heel pain can be easily found through your podiatrist.

One of the main causes of heel pain is a condition known as plantar
fasciitis. The plantar fascia is a band of tissue that extends along the
bottom of the foot, from the toe to the bottom of the heel. A rip or
tear in this ligament can cause inflammation of these tissues, resulting
in heel pain. People who do not wear proper fitting shoes are often at
risk of developing problems such as plantar fasciitis. Unnecessary
stress from ill fitting shoes, weight change, excessive running, and
wearing non-supportive shoes on hard surfaces are all causes of plantar
fasciitis.

Achilles tendonitis is another cause of heel pain. Similar to plantar
fasciitis, inflammation of the Achilles tendon will cause heel pain due
to stress fractures and muscle tearing. A lack of flexibility of the
ankle and heel is an indicator of Achilles tendonitis. If left
untreated, this condition can lead to plantar fasciitis and cause even
more pain on your heel.

A third cause of heel pain is a heel spur. A heel spur occurs when
the tissues of the plantar fascia undergo a great deal of stress,
leading to a separation of the ligament from the heel bone entirely.
This results in a pointed fragment of bone on the ball of the foot,
known as a heel spur.

Treatments for heel pain are easy and effective as long as problems
are addressed quickly. The most common solution is simply taking stress
off the feet, particularly off of the heel. This will ease the pain and
allow the tendons and ligaments to relax. In the case of both plantar
fasciitis and Achilles tendonitis, icing will reduce swelling of any
part of the foot and anti-inflammatory medication is highly recommended.
Properly fitting your shoes and wearing heel pads or comfort insoles
will also reduce the risk of developing heel pain. Stretching before and
after exercises such as running will help the foot muscles prepare for
stress and lower the chances of inflammatory pain. In extreme cases,
relieving heel pain might require surgery. Always make sure to discuss
these symptoms and treatment options with your podiatrist to keep
yourself active and pain free.

Foot Health: The 4 Differences between Walking and Running Shoes

Both running and walking are great exercises, but should a person wear
the same shoes for running and for walking? The answer is no, because
there is a difference between the way that a person’s feet hit the
ground when they are walking and when they are running. Therefore, the
shoes for each activity are designed totally different. Before you begin
any exercise program it is always recommended that you speak with your
doctor.

Walking is a low impact exercise that is often
recommended by doctors to their patients. Walking is the simplest
exercise there is, but it still requires some degree of preparation. If
you think about walking and how your feet strike the ground as you walk
along, you will notice that your heel hits the ground first and then
your foot continues to roll forward until your next step begins. Because
of this rolling motion, walking shoes are designed to be more flexible
than running shoes. The flexibility helps the walker to push off with
each step taken.

Another thing about walking shoes is that
your heel hits the ground first, therefore it absorbs most of the shock.
This is why walking shoes need to have a beveled or angled heel. The
angle of the heel helps to absorb some of the shock instead of putting
all of the pressure on the ankles. This is especially important for
speed walkers as their feet will hit the ground twice as often as the
normal walker.

When people decide to run as a hobby or for
their health, they must first realize that running is a high impact
exercise that if not done with the proper equipment, could cause damage
to their feet and legs. Running shoes are designed to be more light
weight and to have thicker soles. The thicker soles act as shock
absorbers for the rest of the body. For this reason alone it is never
recommended that a person wear walking shoe to run in. However, it's
fine if you want to walk in running shoes. Walking shoes most often do
not have the proper arch support that runners do.

One very
important thing to remember is that a proper fit can make or break a
runner or a walker. If a runner or walker’s shoes are too big, their
feet will slide back and forth inside the shoe and cause blisters. What
ever your sport, running or walking, the right equipment can make all of
the difference in the world.

Morton's Neuroma

Morton's neuroma is a
painful foot condition that commonly affects the areas between the third
and fourth toe and the ball of the foot. Other areas of the foot can
also be susceptible to this condition. Morton’s neuroma is caused by an
inflamed nerve in the foot that is being squeezed and aggravated by
surrounding bones. Women are more likely than men to have an occurrence
of this foot condition. When a person has Morton's neuroma, it can feel
as if they are walking on stones or marbles.

There are risk factors that can increase a person's chance of
having Morton's neuroma. Ill-fitting high heels or shoes can add
pressure to the toe or foot area. Jogging, running and any other sports
that involve constant impact to the foot area can make a person more
susceptible to this condition. If a person has flat feet, bunions or any
other foot deformities, it can put them at a higher risk for developing
Morton's neuroma.

There is no one major sign that indicates a
person has Morton's neuroma, but rather certain symptoms to look for. A
person who has burning in the ball of the foot or tingling and numbness
in the toe areas are signs they may have Morton's neuroma. The pain
increases greatly when wearing shoes or being active. There usually is
little or no pain at night.

If a person suspects that they have
this condition, they should visit their doctor. A physician will check
for palpable masses between the bones of the foot. A doctor will also
apply pressure to the foot or toe area to replicate the pain a person
experiences when active. Range of motion tests and X-rays are other
options a doctor may offer a patient to rule out other conditions or
problems.

Treating Morton's neuroma can be as simple as
changing the type of shoes a person wears. Wear wider shoes or flat
shoes with a soft sole. Doing this may help reduce the pressure on the
nerve that is aggravated. If necessary, a person can have a cortisone
injection to help reduce swelling and pain in the foot area.

If these methods don't relieve the symptoms, consulting with an
orthopedic surgeon should be the next option. During a consultation, a
patient will find out about the treatment methods available for Morton's
neuroma. A surgeon can release the tissue around the nerve that is
causing this pain, or they can remove a small area of the nerve
completely. There is a short recovery time for this type of surgery, and
afterward, patients can return to their normal lifestyle.

Elderly and their Feet

While proper foot care
is important for everybody, senior citizens have the tendency to be
more susceptible to certain conditions and should therefore be well
informed about problems that may arise and what they can do to properly
avoid or treat them.

Some of the most common problems are foot
ulcers, ingrown toenails, fallen arches, and fungal infection. A foot
ulcer is an open sore on the foot and can be a result of decreased
sensation in the feet. An ingrown toenail is defined as when the nail
grows into the side of the toe. Fallen arches are indicated by the
instep of the foot collapsing. A fungal infection is a condition that
results in deformed and discolored toenails.

In order to avoid
these conditions it is recommended that the feet be inspected by the
patient on a regular basis. If these inspections are carried out
routinely, there is a good likelihood that problems can be identified
before they become severe, or can even be avoided altogether. If any
abnormality is discovered, it is important that the individual consult a
doctor for diagnosis and information on treatment options.

Proper
foot hygiene is also important. Making sure that you always have clean,
dry socks on can be a major deterrent to many different problems
including bacterial infections, foot odor, and certain types of fungus.
Wet feet are a major cause of many of these problems. If your socks get
wet, it is important to change them. Walking around in wet socks may not
only lead to various infections, but can irritate the skin and result
in a number of various complications. Clean, dry feet are less likely to
be affected by fungal and other infections.

As people age, the
fat present on your feet begins to deteriorate. The protective nature of
this fat keeps the feet healthy by providing a barrier and between your
bones and the ground as well as giving the skin on the foot a certain
amount of elasticity. This is one factor that causes elderly people to
develop some serious foot issues. Foot moisturizers can be helpful to
avoid certain problems associated with this. However, water-based
moisturizers do not work as well for elderly people as they do for the
young. Instead, it is more effective to use an emollient instead. An
emollient is effective because it binds the water in the foot, keeping
it from becoming absorbed too readily which will result in dry skin.
They also have a special property called occlusion, which provides a
layer of oil on the skin. This layer prevents the foot from drying up
and can be very effective in treating dry skin disorders. If you can
keep the skin on your feet healthy, this will substantially reduce the
number of foot problems you will encounter in old age.

Proper
footwear is another way to keep feet healthy. Shoes that fit well and
provide proper support help prevent ingrown toenails and fallen arches.