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6 What Is a Project? A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to accomplish a unique ( non-repetitive) product or service Attributes of projects: – unique purpose – temporary – require resources, often from various areas – should have a primary sponsor and/or customer – involve uncertainty

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Project schedules grow out of the basic document that initiates a project: 1.Project data includes start and end dates and 2.Budget information 3.Scope statement and WBS help define what will be done Activity definition involves developing a more detailed WBS and supporting explanations to understand all the work to be done so you can develop realistic duration estimates Activity Definition

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Simple example (Project Planning…Gilland Chart): W10W9W8W7W6W5W4W3W2W1Activity A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A series of activities plotted on a time-scale Each activity has an assumed definite start, duration and end Activities could be either related or independent All activities must be complete before the total project is complete. The level of detail could be enlarged or reduced. The completion date could move backwards or forwards depending upon intermediate results Progress could be shown against each activity. The plan could be reviewed from time to time to suit changed conditions.

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Float MayAprMarFebJanActivity Review designs MayAprMarFebJanActivity Review designs The term float implies that the activities have certain freedoms. Float time is not free time Responsibility (a) (b) This activity: -Can not start before mid-Feb. -Must be completed by mid-April. -It will take about 4 weeks to complete.

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1.An activity (successor) requires its (pre decessor) to be complete before it can start 2.Two activities must be complete before a successor can start. The two activities run in parallel Basic types of time relationships: A finish – to – start relationship A finish – to – finish relationship A start – to – start relationship

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Magnitude of the problem (2) Industry-Environment P-S-R Model Pressures on the Environment Air pollution Water pollution Soil pollution Pressures on the Environment Air pollution Water pollution Soil pollution State of the environment and natural resources: Local Regional National Global State of the environment and natural resources: Local Regional National Global Responses: Government Society Industry Responses: Government Society Industry Regarding: Existing plants New plants Regarding: Existing plants New plants

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Statement of the problem Siting of chemical process plants 1. Two risk domains2. Three layers of interaction Industry internal risk Industry external risk IndustrySociety Environment The field of technological risk assessment The field of land-use planning GAP

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Definitions of Risk The Seveso II Directive defines risk as follows: Risk: the likelihood of a specific effect occurring within a specified period or in specified circumstances The definition according to ISO/IEC 51 reads: Risk: the combination of the frequency or probability of occurrence and the consequence of a specified hazardous event. Risk Assessment: Risk Assessment: the overall process comprising a risk analysis (the systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk) and risk evaluation (procedure whether the desirable level of risk has been achieved) Risk Management: Risk Management: Systematic application of management policies, procedures and practices to the tasks of analyzing, evaluating and controlling risks

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Land use planning Land Use Planning can be defined as a systematic assessment of alternative patterns of land use and other physical, social and economic conditions, for the purpose of selecting a land-use option which is most beneficial to land users without degrading the resources or the environment.. Land Use Planning has to be understood as an aspect of spatial planning