A fixed lag smoothing algorithm for the multi-target scenario is proposed, taking the algorithm of the integrated probabilistic data association (IPDA) filter as the basis. Both target state and its existence are estimated ...

For the drug testing of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or 'ecstasy') and other drugs of abuse, urine is generally the matrix of choice. However, the main issue concerned with urine drug testing is the lack of ...

Previous work by these authors found that ageing was necessary to convert the starting precursors of calcium diethoxide [Ca(OEt)(2)] and triethyl phosphite [P(OEt)(3)] Sol-gel system to more reactive intermediates, These ...

We present examples of ordered assemblies of organic and biological molecules on gold(111) surfaces. The first example shows how control over mono- or multilayer assemblies of 1,4-phenylenedimethanthiol can be achieved and ...