Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Flooding,
Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Land conversion,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),

Earthquake,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Numerous ruins in the city that in danger of collapse in the event of an earthquake

Housing,
Human resources,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Legal framework,
Other Threats: Severe deterioration of historic buildings that threaten the Outstanding Universal Value of the property

Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Fishing/collecting aquatic resources,
Human resources,
Management systems/ management plan,
Oil and gas,
Other Threats: a) Absence of any real ecotourism policy and strategy;
b) Poor progress recorded in the improvement of the living conditions of the local populations

Forestry /wood production,
Illegal activities,
Invasive/alien terrestrial species,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: a) Effect on forest biomes through drainage of agricultural land on the Belarus side and a reservoir on the Polish side;
b) Presence of an artificial fence along the international boundary impeding large mammal movement.

Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Degradation of the architectural complex of the Church of the Nativity

Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Degradation of the architectural complex of the Church of the Nativity

Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Degradation of the architectural complex of the Church of the Nativity

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Legal framework,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Lack of conservation of residential housing in the area inscribed as World Heritage

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Legal framework,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Lack of conservation of residential housing in the area inscribed as World Heritage

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Legal framework,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Lack of conservation of residential housing in the area inscribed as World Heritage

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Other Threats: Lack of conservation of residential housing in the area inscribed as World Heritage

Illegal activities,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: a) Lack of adequate protection and conservation of the site b) Poor state of conservation of the property

Financial resources,
Fire (widlfires),
Invasive/alien terrestrial species,
Other Threats: Essential management activities such as the removal of invasive alien species and controlled burning cannot be carried out as required

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Continuous deterioration of earthen architecture structures and decorated surfaces from lack of conservation and maintenance practices

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Continuous deterioration of earthen architecture structures and decorated surfaces from lack of conservation and maintenance practices

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Continuous deterioration of earthen architecture structures and decorated surfaces from lack of conservation and maintenance practices

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Continuous deterioration of earthen architecture structures and decorated surfaces from lack of conservation and maintenance practices

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Land conversion,
Legal framework,
Management systems/ management plan,
Storms,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Fragility of the abdobe structures

Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: a) Lack of maintenance of historic buildings;
b) Use of reinforced concrete in the centre of town

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structure; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structure; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structure; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: a) Serious deterioration of materials and structure; b) Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: a) Serious deterioration of materials and structure; b) Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property; c) Absence of detailed and technical information on the state of conservation of the property since 2007;

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: a) Serious deterioration of materials and structureb) Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the propertd) Absence of detailed and technical information on the state of conservation of the property since 2007;

Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structures; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property;

Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structures ; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property ; Absence of communication from the State Party since 2007

Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structures; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structures; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system,
Governance,
Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Land conversion,
Management systems/ management plan,
Society's valuing of heritage,

Crop production,
Major linear utilities,
Mining,
Non-renewable energy facilities,
Oil and gas,
Pollution of marine waters,
Water (extraction) ,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: State of the Guadalquivir River and dredging project

Crop production,
Major linear utilities,
Non-renewable energy facilities,
Oil and gas,
Pollution of marine waters,
Water (extraction) ,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: State of the Guadalquivir River and dredging project

Crop production,
Major linear utilities,
Non-renewable energy facilities,
Oil and gas,
Pollution of marine waters,
Water (extraction) ,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: State of the Guadalquivir River and dredging project

Ground water pollution,
Housing,
Management activities,
Surface water pollution,
Water infrastructure,
Other Threats: Concerns about numbers of boaters in Florida Bay and their impacts on bottomland wilderness, including especially propeller scars from boat groundings.

Erosion and siltation/ deposition,
Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: a) Deterioration and destruction of the fabric of the property by environmental factors, lack of a maintenance programme, as well as polluted water

Erosion and siltation/ deposition,
Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Deterioration and destruction of the fabric of the property by environmental factors, lack of maintenance, as well as polluted water

Erosion and siltation/ deposition,
Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Deterioration and destruction of the fabric of the property by environmental factors, lack of maintenance, as well as polluted water

Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses,
Other Threats: Continued deterioration of the paintings; New Buddha statue introduced at the entrance to the property

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Lack of inclusion of indigenous peoples and their claims in the decision to extend the Park

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Lack of inclusion of indigenous peoples and their claims in the decision to extend the Park

Ground transport infrastructure,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Marine transport infrastructure,
Other Threats: Risks linked to addressing environmental impacts of individual projects to the neglect of monitoring cumulative impacts of the overall development of Ha Long City and other areas surrounding the World Heritage area

Ground transport infrastructure,
Housing,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Continued degradation of the vernacular architecture within the protected areas (mainly the Ottoman period timber houses in the district of Zeyrek and Süleymaniye)

Ground transport infrastructure,
Housing,
Interpretative and visitation facilities,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Continued degradation of the vernacular architecture within the protected areas (mainly the Ottoman period timber houses in the district of Zeyrek and Süleymaniye)

Earthquake,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Underground transport infrastructure,
Other Threats: Need to monitor movements which could affect the structure of the building

Earthquake,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Underground transport infrastructure,
Other Threats: Need to monitor movements which could affect the structure of the building

Earthquake,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Need to monitor movements which could affect the structure of the building

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Need to monitor movements which could affect the structure of the building

Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Dilapidated infrastructure; Neglect and lack of maintenance

Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Dilapidated infrastructure; Neglect and lack of maintenance

Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Dilapidated infrastructure; Neglect and lack of maintenance

Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Dilapidated infrastructure; Neglect and lack of maintenance

Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Dilapidated infrastructure; Neglect and lack of maintenance

Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Impact of the transportation of hazardous materials to the Old Town

Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Impact of the transportation of hazardous materials to the Old Town

Housing,
Other Threats: Gradual erosion of the attributes that convey the Outstanding Universal Value and consequently threaten the integrity of the property with regards to its overall coherence and originality.

Housing,
Other Threats: Gradual erosion of the attributes that convey the Outstanding Universal Value and consequently threaten the integrity of the property with regards to its overall coherence and originality.

Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: The origin of the collapse could be attributed to a combination of different factors such as insufficient dimensions for the foundations, instability of the ground, probable gradual degradation of the land through lack of drainage and/or possible leaks in urban water pipes of the surrounding area of the building, and finally, sudden infiltration of this ground due to very heavy rainfall a few days prior to the accident

Fire (widlfires),
Ground transport infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Accident of a crane which damaged one of the most important monuments at Machu Picchu, the Intihuatana or stone sundial

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Housing,
Land conversion,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Serious degradation of the city’s heritage (many houses and the ancient souq are in an alarming deterioration state)

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Housing,
Land conversion,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Serious degradation of the city’s heritage (many houses and the ancient souq are in an alarming deterioration state)

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Earthquake,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Flooding,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Other Threats: Material decay and abandonment of buildings, as well as the effect of heavy traffic on historic buildings

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction;
Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction;
Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; Very little conservation work carried out

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction;
Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; Very little conservation work carried out

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: a) Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction; b) Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; c) Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; d) Very little conservation work carried out

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: a) Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction; b) Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; c) Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; d) Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: a) Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction; b) Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; c) Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; d) Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction ; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction ; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction ; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Ground transport infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, and stucco and lightweight construction that functioned with regular maintenance; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Metal cladding corroded and some of the structural elements dismantled. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried ou

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Ground transport infrastructure,
Military training,
Wind,
Other Threats: a) Extremely fragile nature of the buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, and stucco and lightweight construction that functioned with regular maintenanceb) Lack of maintenance for 40 years c) Metal cladding corroded and some of the structural elements dismantled. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is givend) Very little conservation work carried out

Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system,
Erosion and siltation/ deposition,
Land conversion,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: a) Lack of maintenance of housing;
b) Collapse of houses (three dead and others injured in May 2002)

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Legal framework,
Management systems/ management plan,
Society's valuing of heritage,
Other Threats: Site in a state of quasi-total abandon and greatly degraded

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Society's valuing of heritage,
Other Threats: This site has progressively become degraded

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management systems/ management plan,
Society's valuing of heritage,
Other Threats: This site has progressively become abandoned and has degraded

Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Management activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Society's valuing of heritage,
Solid waste,
Other Threats: Conflict between the construction of new properties and the restoration of existing buildings

Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Erosion and siltation/ deposition,
Housing,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Solid waste,

Crop production,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Illegal activities,
Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals,
Mining,
Other Threats: Lack of systematic monitoring of the site