Tuesday, July 10, 2012

Karkalo-Gaava-Pidhaalu - Taro (कर्कलो-गाभा-पिँडालु)

Karkalo-Gaava-Pidhaalu - Taro (कर्कलो-गाभा-पिँडालु)

Common name: Colocasia, Taro Leaf, Dasheen, Arbi Patta

Botanical name: Colocasia antiquorum

Origin: SE Asia and India

Karkalo leaf is grown from taro tuber. It is a tall-growing plant that has clusters of attractive, heart-shaped leaves resembling the beautiful ornamental variety of Elephant ear plant. The leaves are usually broad, bright green in color, and velvety to touch.

Karkalo
is the Nepali name for the taro plant, which comes from the tuberous root. Nepalese use all three parts of
the plant including the leaves (karkalo ko paat), the young stalks
(gaaba or gaava), and the taro tubers or corms (pidhaalu) to prepare
various dishes. The
tender stalks (stems) and young leaves (karkalo-gaava) are cooked
together just like spinach or mustard greens, producing a delicate
flavor akin to "spinach with silky texture". The taro tubers are
used as a root vegetable, steamed, fried or cooked with lentil in the
preparation of some daal dishes.
Taro is never eaten
raw because it cause an itchy, stinging, and very irritating sensation to
the throat, known as kokyaoone in Nepali. Once cooked, the irritating
aspect is destroyed and lemon juice helps to further reduce
irritability.

This variety of Taro tubers were displayed in the Nepali vegetable markets for sale.

In this picture, you will notice that the taro tubers have already started to sprout. I purchased the tubers from my local international grocery stores. These tubers will start to form shoots and leaves within few weeks of planting.

Here is another picture of Taro tubers. They resemble a potato, but the tubers have a hairy, fibrous brown skin with pale-white flesh that are sometimes light purple tinged. They are harvested when the corm reaches its peak in maturity and the upper leaves and stems of the plant have dried down in the fall season.

Taro tubers are a versatile vegetable; they can be prepared in a variety of ways including boiling, frying, steaming, or cooked with the combination of vegetables and lentils and used in soups and stews. They have a nut-like flavor and a smooth texture when cooked. Taro tubers are extremely nutritious and provide good source of fiber.

Photo taken at Asan Tole, open Market in Kathmandu during the Maghe Sankranti Festival. Vegetable venders are selling a large amount of tuberous root vegetables such as Sweet potatoes (sakhar khand), Taro tubers (pindhaalu), Casava, Tapioca (tarul), Yam (ghar tarul), and wild yam (ban tarul). During the festival time root crops along with many other festive foods are consumed to celebrate the festival.

Here is a picture of Taro plant growing in my backyard home garden. We
start with a small patch of karkalo-gaava-pidaalu garden when the frost have gone and
the temperature have warmed up around June.

We grow about 18-20 plants mostly for their young leaves and tender shoots, which we eat. We plant them in a rich moist soil and they prefer partial shade.

It is fun and rewarding experience to watch them grow and progress.

In this picture the taro leaves are uncurling and unrolling into leaves. They can be picked up before the leaves is opened up.

The uncurled part of the leaves are the most delicious part of the vegetable. When the young leaves and stalks are harvested, the stem will grow back and put out a small new leaf. It will appear around the base of the root corm.

Here, a tall green stem is poking out from the Taro tubers. One of my Nepali friend's mother makes a delicious, sharp, spicy, and fermented pickle made out of stems called, "karkalo ko daath ko achaar." It is prepared similar to white radish pickle. Traditionally, the pickles are made on sunny days, which results in faster fermentation.

The large and matured leaves looks like a small umbrella.

Picture of Taro leaves, ready to harvest.

In Nepal, a single taro plant can get very tall and large, growing up to 5-6 feet in height at maturity. When they are at this stage, the tough leaves and stalks becomes inedible and mostly used for animal feeds.

When cooking this vegetable, avoid over matured leaves, rain soaked spots, yellowing, and dried-out leaves. They are inedible and unsuitable for cooking.

Cleaning the vegetable and getting ready to cook - Separate the taro leaves and stalks with a knife and rinse thoroughly. Place each young leaf on a work surface, roll it into tight cylinder, and tie the ends together to form a loose knot. Bend each stem and peel off the outer covering by pulling the fiber from all sides until you have smooth and silky stems. Cut them into 1/8 inch pieces and rinse them thoroughly again.

When the stalks and leaves are cleaned, a sap is secreted by the stem and can cause a skin irritation and a temporary discoloration of fingers to some sensitive skin. To get rid of irritation, simply rub some salt or wear rubber gloves while cleaning.

The fresh young taro leaves, stalks, and young shoots are boiled-simmered in a small amount of water and salt. It is cooked until taro softens, excess water evaporates,
and reduces to silky textured smooth paste like consistency. It is then tempered with mustard oil, turmeric powder, dried red chili and fenugreek seeds. The freshly squeezed lemon or lime juice is added before serving.

Taro leaves cooked with fresh garlic, ginger, onion, tomatoes and few other spices. It is delicious served with freshly steamed rice.

Close up look of karkalo ko tarkaari (taro leaf curry).

Getting ready to make Maseura lentil nuggets. Chop the taro stems and young leaves into small pieces and spread it on a large tray lined with a cloth or paper towel. The chopped vegetable is dried until the moisture is completely removed and slightly wilted. It is then mixed with Urad bean paste to make Maseura.

In the above picture, the mixture is formed into small balls with fingers or a spoon into 1/2 inch nuggets and dropped them in a prepared wooded board or into the wicker tray. It is then covered with a cheese cloth and placed in the direct sun to dry slowly. The tray is always brought back indoors after the sun has set.

In the picture above, a round wicker tray (Nanglo) is used to sun-dry the lentil nuggets. Once the nuggets are slightly firm on top, gently turn them over to expose the bottom sides to dry evenly. The Maseura should be completely dry before storing or using, which may take several days depending upon the amount of sunlight. Make sure there is no moisture in the nuggets or they will spoil.

Home-made Maseura (Urad bean nuggets) - Maseura are common throughout Nepal and usually made at home.
Traditionally, these nuggets are prepared from split black Urad beans
and taro stalks, and young leaves, but any finely chopped vegetable, such as
radishes leaves, cauliflower, green cabbage, spinach or mustard leaves,
chhayapi (green onions) can me combined with lentils to prepare Maseura. The nuggets
have a light and spongy texture when dried. The above picture of Mausera is made by my
mother-in-law, Aaama Hazoor who used to prepare the nuggets each summer. She
preferred sun drying which takes five to six days, in the direct hot
sun. To speed the drying process, you can use food dehydrator, which is
faster and convenient.

Abundance of home-grown taro leaves from my garden - unwashed leaves and
stems can be stored in a plastic zip-log bag in a
refrigerator. They should be used within one week.

I hope you enjoyed this blog posting. Please comment and share your recipes. I highly recommend a beautiful Nepali folk song and dance album, "Karkalo-Gava" by Anju Pant (album Kampan-2010).

Copyright Information

All information on the Taste of Nepal blog are restricted use under
copyright law. You may not re-use words, stories, photographs, or other
posted material without the explicit written consent and proper credit
to Jyoti Pathak. If you would like to use any materials here, please
contact me.

Hi Jyoti, Thanks for sharing your information, as I said it is all very interesting. My question comes from a comparison of leaves I have been doing in my research on taro in the Mediterranean and in Africa. If you look at the very first pictures on the top, you will see that the petiole junction (where the stem attaches to the lower leaf surface, so basically the dot at the centre of the leaf)is of a light green colour. Then, if you look at the next set of pictures of leaves (after the tubers) the baby leaves have a darker petiole junction, though it is not so evident, and to me the leaf shape seems also different. Then, the pictures with the curled leaves seem like the very first two, of a light green colour, but then again the mature leaves have a dark petiole junction, which it seems more clear to me. Do you think that you could have taken pictures of different sets of plants? I know there are many types of taro in that area, but I am interested in the first type, the one with that light green dot. I found some similar plants in Italy and in Africa and I am trying to find their "mother".Thanks!

Thank you for visiting my blog and commenting. All the photographs and writeup on the "Karkalo-Gaava-Pidhaalu - Taro" is my original work. Most of pictures of Taro were taken at my home garden, some came from Nepali vegetable shops and some came from my local farm markets. I have just emailed you several more pictures of Taro tubers and plants and the source where I captured the pictures. I hope it is helpful.

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Copyright Information

All information on the Taste of Nepal blog are restricted use under copyright law. You may not re-use words, stories, photographs, or other posted material without the explicit written consent and proper credit to Jyoti Pathak. If you would like to use any materials here, please contact me.