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Pectus excavatum is an abnormal inward curve to the breastbone. It may be visible at birth. Growth through adolescence can make the indentation of the chest more apparent. It may continue until it has created a bowl-shape dent in the center of the chest.

Severe forms can create extra pressure on the heart and lungs. This can lead to more serious health problems like shortness of breath and limited physical activities.

Causes

The exact cause of pectus excavatum is not known. Some theories include:

Pressure in womb during pregnancy

Excessive pulling on breastbone and rib cage from shortened tendons of diaphragm muscles

Echocardiogram
—a test that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to examine the size, shape, and motion of the heart.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options include:

Surgery

Surgery may be considered if you:

Have impairments of the heart or lungs

Have difficulty with physical activity

Are uncomfortable with the appearance of your chest

The ideal age for this type of surgery is 7-14 years. But surgery can also be successful in adults, as well. There are two main surgical options:

Open Surgery (Ravitch Procedure)

This surgery involves incisions in the front of the chest. The surgeon will be able to see your breastbone. Some cartilage will be removed from your breastbone and nearby ribs. The surgeon will place the breastbone in its proper position. A metal strut and mesh will be used to support the new position. The metal strut may come out in 6-12 months.

Minimally Invasive Surgery (Nuss Procedure)

Small incisions are made on either side of the chest. The surgeon will place a metal bar through the incisions and secure it under the breastbone. This bar will push the breastbone into a better position. This bar will remain in the chest for 2-3 years. This will allow the chest time to remodel itself.

Exercise

Your doctor or physical therapist may recommend exercises or a rehabilitation program. Certain exercises and postural positions may decrease the appearance of mild pectus excavatum.

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care
provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a
substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER
IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the
advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to
starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a
medical condition.