Friday, March 2, 2012

In the course of history of the State of Vietnam from the very beginning of independence up to now has been experiencing significant growth in various fields, including in education. Vietnam state was first colonized by the French and the second by the United States, and Vietnam gained independence the State unanimously on 30 April 1975. Compared with other countries in Southeast Asia and ASEAN, Vietnam is arguably gained independence relatively new course affects the developmental aspects of education. However, since 1986 the government of Vietnam has made a wide range of policies to spur the development of education through curriculum policy that apply to all levels of education, both primary and secondary education, the level of secondary education (high school), and at the level of higher education ( Higher Education) and private land.

Through government policy, today in Vietnam has experienced distribution and deployment of physical development as a place of education in accordance hierarchically, for example, in every village there has been a basic education, in every district there are several junior and in every district there are some high school / vocational school and There are also several public and private colleges. Especially for higher education (universities) are currently in Vietnam there are 235 universities (universities and D3) and 77 state universities (universities and D3) are scattered in private 40 provinces of 63 provinces in Vietnam. The development of higher education who always refers to the higher education curriculum is very good, it looks after the opening so much access to communication networks between universities including cooperation between universities in terms of quality improvement and quality educational system (teaching materials) and the quality of graduates. Cooperative in improving the quality and the quality was well done in the country were also held with other universities in foreign countries.

B. Government efforts to improve the quality of education

In an effort to improve the quality and the quality of education in Vietnam, the government made efforts to that direction, for example, the government opened up to every level of education to develop the potential of each well of the basic education level to higher education (universities). Specifically in the college curriculum through the international policy of providing opportunity to the teachers (lecturers) and students to develop their potential and expertise in accordance with its capabilities both in the field of teaching, research, and community service as well as independent thinking and respect differences in personality. In addition, to improve the quality of the aspects of cognition at every level of education, the government through the unit manager / education unit to provide assistance and special attention in terms of library development, curriculum and teaching methods.

Along with the above, in 2004 the Minister of Education Nguyen Thien Nhan issued a decision on the supervision of the quality of education at the college level, although until now the implementation is still experiencing a lot of obstacles. The quality of education in question is the fulfillment of certain conditions on the quality of learning something dharma tri universities and university purposes in accordance with the Education Law. Quality in higher education is highly expected to be able to create quality human resources and can be absorbed in all jobs, so that social and economic development as well as all aspects of life both locally and nationally can be realized. This concept is also very open, including the general purpose of education, special education purposes, and processes to achieve the success of that goal. But all of these objectives will be achieved when at all levels of education should really pay attention to the quality standards of education as well as at the college level so that the achievement of quality and quality of education, the quality of graduates was reached and finally fulfilled the national education goals, hopes the government / state, and wishes of the people.

Prof. Dr. Ta Quang Buu, an expert on education in Vietnam said that at the primary level is the time and the best opportunity to preserve and instill the value of national identity, while at the college level is the time to develop the quality of young people in developing countries and integration of state and international relations. On the other hand, can be understood when looking at the condition of education in Vietnam, the quality of education has not been fully satisfactory. Quality of graduate education in Vietnam have not been able to equal the quality of graduate education in the world in general and not comprehensive educational success. Education in Vietnam is facing a huge problem that is not the fulfillment of human resources of high quality while today in other sectors of government programs in Vietnam are being actively promote the progress of industry, modernization of the state, and regional and international economic development.

Constraints faced by the world of education in Vietnam such as teaching methods are determined by the center. Of these problems, there is not much impact for the students because of teaching methods that do not provide a stimulant for the reasoning and thinking skills of students. As a result, after graduating college students are very passive and not much can do anything in the field of work. In addition, students must learn many subjects which are not so beneficial to the student in achieving his expertise, such as: History of Vietnam Communist Party, Marxism, Leninism, Politics, and Economics while the material in this course a lot of time. Now this is the era of advanced technology, we should be able to use it optimally. Teachers and lecturers should be able to prepare teaching materials using electronic learning media such as CD and VCD. Conditions in Vietnam are still a few teachers and lecturers in teaching using the teaching media and many teachers and lecturers in teaching methods of lectures, dictation to the pupils or students.

Based on some of the problems mentioned above, the government recognized need to improve the quality of education and quality assurance of education is the key to improving the quality of education (Barrie & Browser, 2003). Since 2002, the government (Ministry of Education) Vietnam began planning a control program and monitoring the quality of education in all colleges. To achieve that goal, on November 1, 2007 Ministry of Education has issued a formal evaluation of the Standard Quality Education colleges. Those standards are:

1. Vision and mission of the university

2. Management and maintenance of university

3. Education program (curriculum)

4. Implementation of education (teaching)

5. Recruitment system and quality of staff / faculty

6. Student

7. Research, application of technology

8. International cooperation activities

9. Libraries, educational equipment and other facilities

10. Finance and financial arrangements

The education system in Vietnam is now influenced by the French educational system. They've implemented a system that for example; levels of education, curriculum, and the presence of regular and non regular education (continuing education) for the high school / vocational school. Levels of education are:

a. Elementary School: 5 years, all children aged 6 years must be entered elementary school and the cost borne by the government. Each province of the core Primary School. In this school of English classes. Students will learn English from grade 1 and should be and to get the final level of selection or the graduation exam.

b. Junior High School: 4 years, at the end of the student must take a national exam to achieve graduation. To continue the study to high school / vocational school, junior high school students must take first selection in the national exams, but now the program is not executed again. When entering high school / vocational school students tested only a formality.

c. High School: 3 years, at the end of the exam. If students do not graduate, they are not eligible for selection of college entrance exams (university). His examination of 6 subjects, with the details: there are 3 that fik are: Literature, Mathematics, English and there are 3 courses to be replaced every year by choosing among three courses: History, Geography, Biology, Physical, and Chemical.

d. Higher Education: usually 4 years, prospective students will take college entrance exams (university) and they have three choices. The results of this selection is based on test scores. Each college (university) to make its own exam and MONE make one type of exam questions for all of the university system with multiple-choice (A, B, CD) beginning in 2002.

C. French colonial influence on the development of education in Vietnam

Development of the education system in Vietnam is strongly influenced by the educational system in France, because of Vietnam in a long time the country was colonized by France. Advancement of education in Vietnam is considered by the French colonial government. For example, paper used in schools when it changed from Han language into Latin and French writings. The Government has set up a system of education from elementary school, junior high schools, High School to Higher Education. Education is considered an important tool for the people of French colonial Vietnam. Mendidikan group of scholars for their work in their agencies and companies in those days. In 1931 until 1940, of the 100 people there are only 3 people entered elementary school, from 30,000 people there is only one person going to college. Although they can from the French colonial education but they are still aware of the values ​​of nationality. Nevertheless it is, but many people also from the class of scholars to be Communist.

D. Conclusion

In general, the State today Vietnam is in bloom at the view from all sectors of life, or in other words being built, including the education sector. So that the Vietnam government are trying so hard to achieve that goal. There are still many problems faced in the field of education. Cooperation with the Vietnam government to promote and develop education leads to higher quality that is equivalent to the international or at least with the countries in Southeast Asia. Greatly in the hope that the graduates of high school / vocational school and colleges in Vietnam have superior quality and can be absorbed on any jobs available around the world.

To achieve this goal there are several undertakings made by the government of Vietnam, among others:

(4) exercise control and oversight over the quality of learning ranging from primary education to higher education,

(5) Vietnam promote cooperation in the region and internationally,

(6) sends students potential for studying abroad through the Partnership program Developing Countries (KNB), and

(7) encourage the development of facilities, education facilities and infrastructure. We all look forward to the future of education in Vietnam would be better and the country will be growing in the direction of progress.