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This is an appendix to a blogpost previously published on Embedding Domain Knowledge for Estimating Customer Lifetime Value. We will describe some alternatives we considered for solving the proposed problem, but did not end up being implemented.

First, let’s assume we have a pre-trained model for estimating the probability of the target y_alive_N and y_taker.

Estimating Lifetime Value using an optimization function

With a model containing client propensity of accepting the offer (y_taker), we can make a simple calculation for estimating CLTV:

(i) Business Rules only approach

The first term of the equation is the expected revenue at the end of the fidelization period (PF), which is being renewed to 24 months. A second term is summed, comprised of the expected revenue in case the client does not accept the offer (and assuming no new offer is made in the remaining months – as such, he remains for “PF” months).

(ii) Business Rules + Propensity + Churn Model approach

Let’s now assume we have two models:

Propensity Model: we can calculate the probability of y_taker_N (i.e., of client accepting the offer)

Churn Model: we can predict the number of remaining months until the client churns

And that we also have some business rules embedded:

Survival Buyers: we can calculate global survival curves, for the complete customer base (SurvivalBuyers), for clients which accept any new offer. These give us the average number of months until the client leaves the company, if he accepts an offer.

We can then create a slightly more complex optimization function.

Single-Task Machine Learning

Although this is a solution which can be quickly calculated in case pre-trained models are available for churn and taker tasks (which is good for quick proofs of concept and baseline performance), we are not using much of the knowledge which can be extracted from customer interaction.

A possible approach for using this is including the probabilities of accepting the offer and churning as features, as follows:

However, this would require maintaining three models in production, and assessing their quality constantly: a regression model for estimating customer lifetime value, propensity model and churn model. Also, if we wanted to do a multiple output approach, this would require having as many pre-trained models as the number of outputs.