Radiation exposure on occasion is too severe and/or heavy elements for life chemistry are not available

21.

Parent star distance from center of galaxy

If farther:

Quantity of heavy elements would be insufficient to make rocky planets

If closer:

Stellar density and radiation would be too great

22.

Number of stars in the planetary system

If more than one:

Tidal interactions would disrupt planetary orbits

If less than one:

Heat produced would be insufficient for life

23.

Parent star birth date

If more recent:

Star would not yet have reached stable burning phase

If less recent:

Stellar system would not yet contain enough heavy elements

24.

Parent star age

If older:

Luminosity of star would change too quickly

If younger:

Luminosity of star would change too quickly

25.

Parent star mass

If greater:

Luminosity would change too fast; star would burn too rapidly

If less:

Range of distances appropriate for life would be too narrow; tidal forces would disrupt the rotational period for a planet of the right distance; uv radiation would be inadequate for plants to make sugars and oxygen

26.

Parent star color

If redder:

Photosynthetic response would be insufficient

If bluer:

Photosynthetic response would be insufficient

27.

Supernovae eruptions

If too close:

Life on the planet would be exterminated

If too far:

Not enough heavy element ashes for the formation of rocky planets

If too infrequent:

Not enough heavy element ashes for the formation of rocky planets

If too frequent:

Life on the planet would be exterminated

28.

White dwarf binaries

If too few:

Insufficient fluorine produced for life chemistry to proceed

If too many:

Disruption of planetary orbits from stellar density; life on the planet would be exterminated

29.

Surface gravity (escape velocity)

If stronger:

Atmosphere would retain too much ammonia and methane

If weaker:

Planet's atmosphere would lose too much water

30.

Distance from parent star

If farther:

Planet would be too cool for a stable water cycle

If closer:

Planet would be too warm for a stable water cycle

31.

Inclination of orbit

If too great:

Temperature differences on the planet would be too extreme

32.

Orbital eccentricity

If too great:

Seasonal temperature differences would be too extreme

33.

Axial tilt

If greater:

Surface temperature differences would be too great

If less:

Surface temperature differences would be too great

34.

Rotation period

If longer:

Diurnal temperature differences would be too great

If shorter:

Atmospheric wind velocities would be too great

35.

Gravitational interaction with a moon

If greater:

Tidal effects on the oceans, atmosphere, and rotational period would be too severe

If less:

Orbital obliquity changes would cause climatic instabilities

36.

Magnetic field

If stronger:

Electromagnetic storms would be too severe

If weaker:

Inadequate protection from hard stellar radiation

37.

Thickness of crust

If thicker:

Too much oxygen would be transferred from the atmosphere to the crust

If thinner:

Volcanic and tectonic activity would be too great

38.

Albedo (ratio of reflected light to total amount falling on surface)

If greater:

Runaway ice age would develop

If less:

Runaway green house effect would develop

39.

Oxygen to nitrogen ratio in atmosphere

If larger:

Advanced life functions would proceed too quickly

If smaller:

Advanced life functions would proceed too slowly

40.

Carbon dioxide level in atmosphere

If greater:

Runaway greenhouse effect would develop

If less:

Plants would not be able to maintain efficient photosynthesis

41.

Water vapor level in atmosphere

If greater:

Runaway greenhouse effect would develop

If less:

Rainfall would be too meager for advanced life on the land

42.

Ozone level in atmosphere

If greater:

Surface temperatures would be too low

If less

Surface temperatures would be too high; there would be too much uv radiation at the surface

43.

Atmospheric electric discharge rate

If greater:

Too much fire destruction would occur

If less:

Too little nitrogen would be fixed in the atmosphere

44.

Too little nitrogen would be fixed in the atmosphere

If greater:

Plants and hydrocarbons would burn up too easily

If less:

Advanced animals would have too little to breathe

45.

Oceans to continents ratio

If greater:

Diversity and complexity of life-forms would be limited

If smaller:

Diversity and complexity of life-forms would be limited

46.

Soil materializations

If too nutrient poor:

Diversity and complexity of life-forms would be limited

If too nutrient rich:

Diversity and complexity of life-forms would be limited

47.

Seismic activity

If greater:

Too many life-forms would be destroyed

If less:

Nutrients on ocean floors (from river runoff) would not be recycled to the continents through tectonic uplift

from a paper “Limits for the Universe” by Hugh Ross, Ph.D., updated to “Astronomical Evidences for the God of the Bible,” which is available online at http://www.reasons.org. Once on their site search for "evidences" and you should find the listing for this article.