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Betting on Mediterranean Shale: 3 Plays, 1 Winner

By: OilPrice.com | Monday, January 28, 2013

The Mediterranean has joined the shale game, but as most of Europe's Mediterranean
countries drag their feet, all eyes are on Israel, Turkey, and Algeria.

For Israel, it will be a slow road without the majors.

For Algeria, it's full speed ahead, in theory--but the foreign interest is
just dabbling for now due to a lack of shale infrastructure.

For Turkey, the situation is more promising thanks to a renewed interest by
the majors and a near-perfect blend of good governance and attractive fiscals.

Here's what the playing field looks like:

Turkey

Turkey is the best bet here. In Turkey, it's all about the Dadas Shale, in
which the majors have recently expressed a renewed interest, making the game
immediately more promising for the North American juniors who are betting heavily
on this play.

The Dadas Shale is being compared to Texas' Eagle Ford shale and Oklahoma's
Woodford shale in both size and potential. What is that potential? Well, those
who are investing in it say it has more than 100 billion barrels of original
oil in place.

While nothing's being produced, testing is about to begin and new technology
has the majors and juniors highly optimistic.

Positives

Everyone likes working with the Turkish government--permits are fast and
bureaucracy is kept to a minimum. Turkey is too keen to become a regional
energy hub to let bureaucracy stand in the way. There's just too much riding
on this.

Fiscal terms are very attractive: foreign companies get a flat 12.5% royalty
tax and a 20% corporate tax rate

The infrastructure is already there; it's easy to refine and get to your
choice of markets

Shell has recently renewed its interest in Dadas (it's about to drill
five wells)

ExxonMobil is in talks with the government right now about a Dadas license
of its own

Negatives

The National Oil Company is holding on to key geological data that would
help the industry, but this year should see some new regulations that make
exploration even easier

This is still some way off (but Shell's drilling in Dadas this year might
be the turning point--at least the juniors think so)

Israel

Some think Israel is on the verge of a major energy revolution because of
the combination of shale discoveries and a recent conventional natural gas
discovery (16 trillion cubic feet).

While Israel doesn't have much by way of heavy oil, it does have world-class
shale oil resources.

Shale can contain both natural gas and oil, and in terms of oil, Israel's
shale plays put it in third place vis-à-vis expected volume, behind
the US and China (but ahead of Russia).

Positives

If these shale oil reserves can be extracted, we're talking about making
Israel a rival to Saudi Arabia

Negatives

Geopolitical tectonics

Still in the very early stages of this game

The regulatory environment isn't perfect and the government has raised
taxes since discoveries; permits are also hard to come by

For now, this will remain a game for the juniors. The majors aren't interested:
it's a bit tricky to operate in the Arab world and in Israel at the same
time

Because of the above, exploration and extraction will be SLOW, and the
market will ignore it for now

Algeria

Algeria--suffering from a decline in conventional production and foreign investment
interest recently--has dived right into shale with its state-backed energy
firm, Sonatrach. In fact, Algeria seems to be solely focusing on shale now
and all its efforts are directed at attracting foreign partners to its shale
plays.

Positives

Soon-to-come (progressive) tax laws and regulations governing the industry;
these new laws will encourage unconventional exploration (the opposite
that is happening in Europe)

Contractual terms are already favorable and the new tax law, if passed,
will adjust royalty fees for levels of production. It will also adjust
taxes on oil revenues to be proportionate with exploration difficulty and
exploration risk

The government has outlined an $80 billion energy investment plan; $60
billion of that is earmarked for exploration, the rest for infrastructure
(including refining capacity)

Negatives

Doesn't have the infrastructure for shale (though that hasn't stopped
the interest--Italy's Eni, Exxon Mobil Corp., Royal Dutch Shell to name
a few)

Commercial viability is still a long way off and we're looking at some
400 test wells in the meantime

The singular focus of the new hydrocarbon law on shale--at the expense
of conventional exploration--is not necessarily sending the right message
to foreign investors. Algeria needs its traditional oil and gas production
to increase in order to fund its shale ambitions, and infrastructure ...

The ongoing hostage crisis at a BP-operated gas field in the Algerian
Sahara desert bodes ill for the entire Sahel. This will reverberate throughout
Algeria and then on to Niger and across the Sahel.

So where do you put your money? Turkey - no contest. This is a combination
package that includes good governance, good fiscals, brilliant infrastructure
and a clear pay off as soon as the juniors and majors strike shale. This is
a solid, long-term play whose importance to Turkey's overall energy ambitions
cannot be understated.

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