The "Doctors' Trial" or "Medical Case" (United States of America v. Karl Brandt, et al.) was the first of 12 trials known as the "Subsequent Nuremberg Trials". Arraignment and indictment was held on November 21, 1946, with the accused facing four charges, including: Conspiracy to commit war crimes and crimes against humanity. The trial began on December 9, 1946, and lasted until August 20, 1947. Eighty-four witnesses testified at the trial. Of the 23 defendants, seven (Blome, Pokorny, Romberg, Rostock, Ruff, Schäfer, and Weltz) were acquitted, and seven (Brack, Karl and Rudolf Brandt, Gebhardt, Hoven, Mrugowsky, and Sievers) received death sentences; the remainder received prison sentences ranging from 10 years to life imprisonment. Many of the photographs were taken by the Office of the Chief Counsel for War Crimes, U.S. Army.