Ecosystem services in the literature are defined very heterogeneously. The problem of understanding the service needs to be further analyzed and in-depth scientific discussion. A lack of agreement for methodological bases of research and the scope of the category and classification system for ecosystem services, leading to difficulties in designing management tools. The study is an attempt to propose economic basis of ecosystem services. They should be pillars of the theoretical aspects of the services and spatial economy and the establishment of the emerging economy of sustainable development. In order to preserve the quality of ecosystem services in economic development should respect the rules of the growth of resource productivity and ecosystem services in relation to GDP growth. The absolute consumption of ecosystem services should be reduced even with economic growth. The increase in resource productivity and ecosystem services provides for the effectiveness of their use by the national economy.