Chumash Indians. A term originally applied to the Santa Rosa islanders. Also called:

Santa Barbara Indians, a popular name.

Chumash Connections. At first considered a distinct linguistic stock, the Chumash are now included in the larger Hokan family. Location.The Chumash occupied the three northern islands of the Santa Barbara group, the coast from Malibu Canyon to Estero Bay, and extended inland to the range that divides the drainage of the great valley from the coast, except on the west where their frontier was the watershed between the Salinas and the Santa Maria and short coast streams, and on the east where some small fragments had spilled over into part of the most southerly drainage of the San Joaquin-Kern system.

Chumash Subdivisions

Barbarefio Chumash, on the coast from Point Conception nearly to Ventura River.

Cuyama Chumash, in the valley of Cuyama River and the upper valley of the Santa Maria River.

Emigdiano Chumash, beyond the coast range in the southernmost extremity of the great valley of California.

Island Chumash, on San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz Islands.

Obispefio Chumash, on the coast from a point a little north of Santa Maria River to Salinan territory.

Purisimeiio Chumash, on the coast between the lands of the Obispefio and Barbarefio divisions.

Santa Ynez Chumash, inland along Santa Ynez River between the Barbarefio and Cuyama divisions.

Venturefio, on the coast from the Ventura River to the end of Chumash territory on the southeast and the drainage areas of Ventura River, Calleguas Creek, and most of that of Santa Clara River inland.

Chumash Villages

A’hwai (at Ojai).

Ala-hulapun, at Santa Ynez Mission.

Alka’ash, on the coast west of Santa Barbara.

Alpincha, at Santa Barbara.

Alwatalam, in the Goleta marsh.

Amolomol, on the coast close to Santa Barbara.

Amuwu, at Mission Purisima

near Santa Ynez River.

Anawupu, on a small stream emptying into the Pacific at Gaviota.

Antap, near Ventura.

Awawilashmu, near the Cafiada del Refugio.

Chikachkach, at the mouth of Ventura River.

Ch’oloshush, at the west end of Santa Cruz Island.

Ch’tishii, on the north shore of Santa Cruz Island.

Chwayuk, on the coast west of Ventura River.

Elhelel, on the coast east of Santa Barbara.

Elhiman, in the Goleta marsh.

Hahas, on the north shore of Santa Cruz Island toward the east end.

Hanawani, on the south shore of Santa Cruz Island.

Halam, on Jalama Creek near the coast.

Hanaya, northeast of Santa Barbara Mission.

Heliok, on the coast southwest of Goleta.

Halo, on the coast south of Goleta.

Hipuk, inland on Maliba Creek.

Honmoyanshu, near Ventura.

Ho’ya or Huya, said to have been the name of a village on Santa Cruz Island.

Humkaka, at Point Conception.

Ishwa, at the mouth of Santa Clara River.

Kachyoyukuch, near Ventura.

K’ahu, on the coast between Canada del Refugio and Dos Pueblos Canyon.

Cabrillo’s sixteenth century relation gives the names of a number of villages, part of which Kroeber (1925) has been able to identify, at least with a fair degree of probability, while some are evidently duplications. Eliminating the duplications, we have the following additional village names:

Aguin.

Anacot.

Asimu.

Bis.

Caacat (or Caacac), though this last may be a synonym for Ciucut (Siuhtun)

Gua (or.Quannegua).

Maquinanoa.

Misinagua.

Nacbuc (or Anacbuc).

Nocos.

Olesino.

Opia (or Opistopia).

Potoltuc (Paltate, Partocac, or Paltocac)

Quiman.

Sopono (Misesopono, or Garomisopona).

Xotococ.

Yutum.

Chumash Population. The number of Chumash has been estimated by Kroeber (1925) at 10,000 in 1770; at the present time a mere remnant is left, given as 38 in the census of 1910 and 14 in that of 1930.

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