..Thus, to organize LR asymmetry at multiscale levels of morphogenesis, cells with chirality must also be present in adequate numbers. However, observation of LR asymmetry is rarely reported in cultured cells...

..It is a regulated biological process following many of the cellular and molecular programs in osteogenesis. This review summarizes some of the regulatory mechanisms that may explain its severity in renal patients...

..These findings suggest that, as in skeletal tissues, PKA activation induces bone resorptive factors in the vasculature and that aortic SMC calcification specifically induced by PKA, is not mediated by RANKL...

Moeen AbedinDepartment of Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095 1679, USACirc Res 95:671-6. 2004

..A greater understanding of how mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow or artery wall bring about vascular regeneration and repair may lead to novel cell-based treatments for cardiovascular disease...

..These results suggest that phosphate is necessary for PKA-induced calcification of vascular cells and that the extent of PKA-induced calcification is controlled by feedback induction of the inhibitor, pyrophosphate...

..Taken together, these results suggest that HDL regulates the osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of vascular cells and that vascular calcification may be another target of HDL action in the artery wall...

..These results show that PTH(1-34) has adverse effects on cortical bones of the hyperlipidemic mice, suggesting that the therapeutic effects of PTH may be compromised in the presence of hyperlipidemia...

Mechanical stress analysis of a rigid inclusion in distensible material: a model of atherosclerotic calcification and plaque vulnerability

..The aim is to briefly review current understanding of the molecular basis for atherosclerotic calcification and to discuss some murine models that may be useful in advancing knowledge of its mechanisms...