Cross Evolution® is a strong fermenting yeast, from the Institute for Wine Biotechnology at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa, that is ideal for aromatic white and rosé wines with high alcohol potential, low fermentation temperatures, and low nitrogen levels. Cross Evolution is not a genetically modified yeast but a result of a unique breeding program resulting in hybrids. Cross Evolution® also contributes an increased mouthfeel component resulting in aromatic wines with balanced mouthfeel. Cross Evolution® is recommended for Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Gewürztraminer, Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Riesling, Roussanne, Sauvignon blanc and Viognier.

IONYS wf™

Selected in collaboration with INRA, Montpellier, France

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cerevisiae

Red Wine

15.5 %

Recommended

High acidification power:

IONYSwf™ is the first wine yeast that has been selected within the Saccharomyces cerevisiæ species for its capacity to significantly and naturally acidify must during fermentation. Wines obtained from high maturity
grapes and fermented with this yeast are well-balanced and more fresher.

Selected in Spain by Bodegas Murviedro (Schenk wineries) in collaboration with IATA-CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), VELLUTOBMV58™ (Saccharomyces uvarum wine active dry yeast) is characterized by a high production of glycerol but also fruity and balsamic aromas. During many years of selection project and then trials in wineries from different
regions of the world, VELLUTOBMV58 TM has demonstrated its interest for voluptuous red wines to be aged such as Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Syrah, Tempranillo, Bobal, Monastrell and Pinot Noir.

Enoferm RP15™ was isolated and selected from spontaneous Rockpile Syrah fermentations. This California isolate is used in concentrated reds, particularly Syrah, Zinfandel, Cabernet sauvignon and Merlot where a moderate fermentation rate is desired for rich, lush, balanced mouthfeel and full bodied wines. RP15™ has a moderate nitrogen demand, and will allow good results with varietal flavor, and red fruit and mineral aromatic note development, when carefully rehydrated using NATSTEP ™ before inoculation into musts.

Lalvin 71B™

Selected by INRA Narbonne - France

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Red WineWhite WineRosé WineHigh Brix JuiceRestart Stuck Ferment

14 %

Strongly recommended

Esters

Lalvin 71B® was isolated by the INRA (National Agricultural Research Institute) in Narbonne, France. 71B® is used for making blush and semi-sweet wines with tropical fruit character. Longlived aromas are due to its production of relatively stable esters and higher alcohol levels; 71B® also softens high-acid musts by partially metabolizing malic acid. Very malolactic-bacteria compatible.

Lalvin BM45

Selected by the Consorzio del Vino Brunello de Montalcino and the University of Siena, Italy

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cerevisiae

Red WineWhite WineRosé Wine

15 %

Not really recommended

Varietal

Lalvin BM45™ was isolated in the early 1990s in collaboration with the Consorzio del Vino Brunello de Montalcino and the University of Siena. BM45™ is a relatively slow starter and is well suited for long maceration programs. It has high nitrogen requirements and can produce sulfides if nutrient starved. When used in whites, BM45™ benefits greatly from rehydration with proper nutrition. During fermentation, BM45™ produces high levels of polyphenol-reactive polysaccharides, resulting in wines with great mouthfeel and improved color stability. BM45™ is used on red varieties to contribute jam, spice and earthy elements. It is also used to minimize vegetal characteristics. Some winemakers use BM45™ on Chardonnay as a blending component to increase mouthfeel.

Lalvin BM4x4

Selected by the Consorzio del Vino Brunello de Montalcino and the University of Siena, Italy

BM 4X4® is a blend of BM45™ and another yeast known for its fermentation reliability. BM45™ is known and appreciated around the world for its round mouthfeel and stable color (see above description for BM45). However, BM45™ is a slow fermenter and can require substantial nutrients to complete fermentation successfully and without the production of sulfides. While BM45™ has a very strong following among winemakers who enjoy its slow fermentation and its suitability for long maceration programs, there are others who desire the attributes of BM45™ but with a more timely and secure fermentation. BM 4X4® achieves this goal. During the yeast growth phase, BM 4X4® has the unusual capacity of releasing a significant quantity of polyphenol-reactive polysaccharides into the fermenting must. The quantity and the quality of the polysaccharides released during fermentation facilitate the production of red wines with great mouthfeel and improved color stability, with dependable fermentation kinetics under difficult fermentation conditions. In whites, BM 4X4® releases a high level of esters responsible for fruit aromas and also brings roundness to the mouthfeel.

Lalvin BRL 97™

Selected by University of Torino - Italy

Saccharomyces cerevisaie cerevisiae

Red WineWhite WineRosé WineHigh Brix JuiceRestart Stuck Ferment

16 %

Recommended

Enhances varietal aromas

Lalvin BRL97™ was selected as a result of a four-year study by the University of Torino from over 600 isolates taken from 31 wineries in the Barolo region. The goal was to find a selected natural yeast from Nebbiolo that is able to retain both the color and the varietal character of this grape. BRL97™ has received good feedback from North American winemakers for its color stabilization and sensory contributions in heavier structured reds, such as Zinfandel, Barbera, Merlot and Nebbiolo, with long aging potential.

Lalvin Clos® was selected by the University of Rovira i Virgili in Spain from the Priorat region, situated in the province of Tarragona. Vinification trials show Lalvin Clos® has a very good implantation rate under difficult conditions, such as low nitrogen content over a wide range of temperatures. The results of experimental and winery trials with Carignan, Grenache, Syrah, Zinfandel and Tempranillo grapes confirm this yeast’s potential as an excellent tool to enhance aromatic complexity, structure and mouthfeel.

Lalvin CY3079® was selected by the BIVB with the objective of finding a yeast that would complement typical white Burgundy styles. CY3079® is a steady, average fermenter, especially at cold temperatures (13°C). Its fermentation finish is slow due to an early autolysis resulting in roundness. This yeast greatly benefits from using rehydration nutrients and complex yeast nutrients designed for use during fermentation. When properly fed, CY3079® has good alcohol tolerance (up to 15%) and is a low producer of VA and sulfides. It is recommended for barrel-fermented Chardonnay and sur lie aging. Chardonnays produced with CY3079® have rich, full mouthfeel and are characterized by aromas of fresh butter, almond, honey, white flowers and pineapple.

Lalvin DV10™

Selected in the Champagne region by Station Oenotechnique de Champagne, France

Lalvin DV10™ was selected in the Champagne region and is approved by the CIVC in Epernay. DV10™ has strong fermentation kinetics over a wide temperature range and relatively low nitrogen demands. DV10™ is famous for its ability to ferment under stressful conditions of low pH, high total SO2 and low temperature. Low foaming and low VA production characterize it. DV10™ is considered a clean fermenter that respects varietal character and avoids the harsh sensory contributions of other one-dimensional “workhorse” yeasts, such as Prise de Mousse. It is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus.

Lalvin EC1118™ is the original and is good for barrel fermentations. It ferments well at low temperatures and flocculates well with very compact lees. Under low nutrient conditions, EC1118™ produces a lot of SO2 (up to 30 ppm) and as a result can inhibit malolactic fermentation. It is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus.

Lalvin ICV D21

Selected by the ICV Languedoc, France

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cerevisiae

Red WineWhite WineRosé Wine

16 %

Recommended

Enhance varietal aromas

Lalvin ICV D21® was isolated in 1999 from the Pic Saint Loup Languedoc “terroir” during a special regional program run by the Institut Coopératif du Vin (ICV) Natural Micro-Flora Observatory and Conservatory. ICV D21® was selected for fermenting red wines with stable color, intense fore-mouth, mid-palate tannin structure, and fresh aftertaste. Unlike most wine yeasts, ICV D21® contributes both higher acidity and positive polyphenol-reactive polysaccharides. Strong interactions of the polysaccharides with the floral and fruity volatile compounds contribute to a more stable aromatic profile in the mouth. These attributes avoid the development of cooked jam and burning-alcohol sensations in highly mature and concentrated Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah. During fermentation, ICV D21® produces very few sulfides, and it is also noted for its good fermentation performance, even under high temperature and low nutrient conditions. It allows for the expression of fruit from the grapes while reducing the potential for herbaceous characters in Cabernet sauvignon. When blended with wines fermented with Lalvin ICV D254® and ICV D80®, ICV D21® brings fresher, sustained intense fruit and lively sensations beginning in the fore-mouth and carrying through to the aftertaste. ICV D21® is also used in very ripe white grapes, barrel fermented to develop fresh fruit aromas, volume and acidity that complement wines fermented with Enoferm ICV D47™ in blends. Rosé wines fermented with ICV D21® have enhanced red fruit, fore-mouth volume and balance, making it the perfect blending complement to rosé wines fermented with Lalvin ICV GRE™.

Lalvin ICV D254™

Selected by ICV in the Côtes du Rhône, France

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cerevisiae

Red WineWhite WineRosé Wine

16 %

Strongly recommended

Enhance varietal aromas

Lalvin ICV D254® was selected by the ICV in 1998 from Syrah fermentations in Gallician, south of the Rhône Valley. In red wines, ICV D254® promises high fore-mouth volume, big mid-palate mouthfeel, intense fruit concentration, smooth tannins and a mildly spicy finish. Red wines made with ICV D254® may be blended with Lalvin ICV D80® or ICV D21® to create more concentrated, full-bodied wines. In unripe reds, ferment 25% to 50% of the lot with ICV D254® and the balance with Lalvin ICV GRE™ to help mask vegetative character. As a complement to Lalvin CY3079®, winemakers use ICV D254® for fermenting Chardonnay with nutty aromas and creamy mouthfeel. Very malolactic bacteria compatible.

Enoferm ICV D47™ is a Côtes du Rhône isolate from Suze-la-Rousse for the production of fullbodied barrel fermented Chardonnay and other white varietals. When left on lees, ripe spicy aromas with tropical and citrus notes are developed. ICV D47™ is a high polysaccharide producer known for its accentuated fruit and great volume. On most white grape varieties, this yeast elaborates wines with ripe stable fruits or jam-like aromas. Thanks to these aromas, the cuvées fermented with the ICV D47™ are a good source of complexity in the blends. Moreover, ICV D47™ contributes to the wine’s silkiness and persistence. Excellent results are obtained for the production of top-of-the-range Chardonnay fermented in barrels, especially when blended with Lalvin ICV D21® fermented Chardonnays.

In 1992, Lalvin ICV GRE™ was selected from the Cornas area of the Rhône Valley. In reds, it contributes up-front fruit to easy-to-drink Rhône-style wines. ICV GRE™ is used with short skin contact regimes (3 to 5 days) to reduce vegetal and undesirable sulfur components in varieties like Merlot, Cabernet sauvignon, Grenache and Syrah. In fruit-focused whites like Chenin blanc, Riesling and Viognier, ICV GRE™ results in stable fresh-fruit characteristics and delivers a big fore-mouth impact. If the fruit maturity is less than optimum, ICV GRE™ is excellent for bringing overall balance to red, rosé and white wines. Rosé wines fermented with ICV GRE™ from more balanced maturity fruit emphasize red fruit and higher volume, and are complemented by blending rosés fermented with Lalvin ICV D21®.

The selection of the Lalvin ICV OKAY® yeast was the focus of research seeking to identify a new mechanism responsible for the control of SO2 and H2S production in wines. In collaboration with the INRA and SupAgro Montpellier, France, Lallemand and the ICV have selected Lalvin ICV OKAY® yeast for its special abilities to produce very low levels of SO2 and H2S while completing rapid alcoholic fermentation under a broad range of winemaking conditions.
Furthermore, the low acetaldehyde production of Lalvin ICV OKAY® yeast is a great asset in helping to stabilize wines with low to moderate SO2 levels. Recommended for fresh and aromatic wines, even in low temperature and NTU conditions.
Patent application by INRA.

This is the latest natural yeast selection from the Institut Coopératif du Vin (ICV). When compared with other yeasts, the Lalvin ICV OPALE® develops more volatile aromatic compounds, resulting in intense and complex fruit aromas in premium white and rosé wines. This yeast also shows good fermentation abilities in the high maturity grapes coming from the Mediterranean and Rhône regions. Wines fermented with ICV OPALE® give the initial impression of volume and softness, followed by a round, intense mid-palate and balanced finish.

Lalvin Rhône 2056® was selected by the ITV for its ability to maintain varietal fruit aromas and flavors of Côtes du Rhône varieties. It demonstrates good alcohol tolerance as well as low SO2 and VA production over a wide temperature range. Rhône 2056® is a quick to moderate fermenter with relatively high nutrient requirements. Rhône 2056® benefits greatly from good nutrition practices, maintains good color stability and is excellent for fruit-forward-style reds.

Lalvin QA23™ was selected in Portugal by the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) in cooperation with the Viticultural Commission of the Vinhos Verdes region. It is used for Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Chenin blanc, Colombard and Semillon for the production of crisp and fresh-fruit intense wines. It enhances aromas of terpenic varietals through its beta-glucosidase activity and is an excellent thiol converter, making it a complementary yeast for developing varietal Sauvignon blanc passion fruit character. QA23™ has low nutrient and oxygen requirements and will ferment juice with low turbidity at low temperatures (10°C) to dryness. It is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus. Very malolactic bacteria compatible.

Lalvin R-HST

Isolated in the Heiligenstein region in Austria

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cerevisiae

White WineRosé Wine

15 %

Recommended

Neutral

Lalvin R-HST® was selected for its exceptional enological properties in Riesling from trials conducted from 1991 to 1996 in the Heiligenstein region of Austria. R-HST® has a short lag phase and generation time, even at cold temperatures. These features allow it to dominate and persist over spoilage yeast, such as Kloeckera apiculata. R-HST® retains fresh varietal character and emphasizes floral (rose) and mineral characteristics,while contributing body and mouthfeel for an overall complexity and elegance. R-HST® also produces crisp, premium white and Pinot noir wines that develop well over time.

Lalvin R2™

Isolated in the Sauternes region by Brian Crozer (Australia)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus

White WineRosé WineHigh Brix JuiceRestart Stuck Ferment

16 %

Recommended

Esters

Lalvin R2™ was isolated in the Sauternes region of Bordeaux by Brian Croser of South Australia. It has excellent cold temperature properties and will ferment as low as 5°C. Without good nutrition and protection against osmotic shock, it can tend to produce VA. For this reason, proper nutrition and protection during rehydration and during fermentation is recommended. R2™ helps produce intense, direct fruit-style whites by liberating fruit and floral aroma precursors. It is recommended for aromatic white varieties, such as Sauvignon blanc, Riesling and Gewürztraminer. It is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus.

Lalvin RA17

Selected by the B.I.V.B. in Bourgogne, France

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cerevisiae

Red WineRosé Wine

15 %

Not really recommended

Enhance varietal aromas

Lalvin RA17® was selected by the BIVB in the Burgundy region. It is recommended to enhance varietal characters and to obtain fresh, aromatic and supple red wines. To avoid the formation of sulfides, it requires high nutrient levels and will benefit greatly from nutrition during rehydration. When properly fed, RA17® will develop cherry and fruit aromas in varieties like Pinot noir and Gamay. Wines made from RA17® can be blended with wines fermented with Lalvin RC212®, Lalvin BRL97™ or Enoferm AMH™ to give a more balanced, complex and fuller structure.

Lalvin RC212® was selected from fermentations in Burgundy by the BIVB to extract and protect the polyphenols of Pinot noir. Due to the limited adsorption of polyphenols on RC212® yeast cell walls, there is limited color loss and structure is protected during aging. It requires high nutrient additions to avoid the potential development of sulfides and demonstrates best results when rehydrated with the right nutrient and protectant. RC212® consistently produces Pinot noir with good structure, ripe cherry, bright fruit and spicy characteristics. Wines made with RC212® can be blended with wines made with Lalvin RA17® to achieve more complexity and finesse.

Lalvin Rhône 2226™ is a vineyard isolate from Côtes du Rhône. It is very alcohol tolerant and highly recommended for high sugar reds and late harvest wines. In red varietals, high color and good structure, as well as black cherry, berry and cherry cola aromas characterize L2226

Selected by Inter-Rhône from a culture collection of over 600 different yeasts from vineyards in the Rhône Valley, Rhône 2323 is highly suited for the making of premium / semi-premium red wines from musts with high polyphenolic potential. Recommended varieties including Grenache, Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz and Merlot. Efficient extraction of phenolic compounds favours enhancement of tannin structure. Produces varietal aromas of liquorice and blackcurrant, and maintains relatively moderate colour intensity.

Lalvin S6U

Selected by Istituto Sperimentale Enologia de Velletri - Italy

Saccharomyces cerevisiae uvarum

White WineRosé Wine

15 %

Recommended

Enhances varietal aromas

S6U is a natural hybrid between S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus (formerly S. uvarum). Predominantly used in the production of dry white table wines,
chiefly Chardonnay and Semillon, S6U is well recognised for imparting unique organoleptic characteristics - particularly flavour complexity and soft / smooth mouthfeel - that are associated with fermentation and autolytic by-products. Also enhances varietal characters, with an emphasis on floral and spicy notes. Ethyl esters and aromatic alcohols add dimension to barrel fermented Chardonnay. S6U is a slow starter of alcoholic fermentations, has a moderate
fermentation vigour.

Lalvin Sensy™

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

White Wine

14.5 %

Recommended

Varietal

Lalvin Sensy™ has been characterized and selected for its very low capacity to produce H2S, SO2, and acetaldehyde, with the security to complete alcoholic fermentation especially when varietal aroma is sought after

Lalvin Simi White

An isolate from Institut Pasteur and University of Davis - California

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cerevisiae

White WineRosé Wine

14 %

Not really recommended

Esters

Enoferm SIMI WHITE™ is a popular choice for fruity white and rosé style wines. It is prized for its aroma and flavor contribution to Chardonnay, and has been described as contributing creamy fruit. It is highly affected by nutrient composition and juice handling procedures, and has a tendency to produce a lot of foam.

Lalvin T73

Selected by the University of Valencia, Spain

Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus

Red Wine

16 %

Esters

Lalvin T73™ was isolated from the València area in Spain and was selected for its ability to enhance the natural aromas and flavors of red wines produced in hot climates. Due to its ability to produce high quantities of glycerol, wines made from T73™ have good mouthfeel. Hot-climate reds that have problems “opening up” are enhanced by the well-balanced production of esters and higher alcohols. T73™ has an extremely low nitrogen demand and quickly dominates the must’s indigenous microflora. It also exhibits good resistance to vineyard antifungal treatments. T73™ is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus.

Lalvin V1116

Selected by INRA Montpellier, France

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Red WineWhite WineRosé WineHigh Brix JuiceRestart Stuck Ferment

18 %

Inhibiting

Esters

Lalvin V1116 ™ was isolated in 1972 by Pierre Barre of the INRA Montpellier. V1116 ™ tends to express the freshness of white grape varieties. Natural fresh fruit aromas are retained for longer, compared to wines fermented with standard yeast (such as Prise de Mousse). When fermented at low temperatures (below 16°C) and with the right addition of nutrients, V1116 ™ is one of the more flowery ester producers (isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate and phenyl ethyl acetate). Among the high ester producers, V1116 (K1)™ is the most resistant to difficult fermentation conditions, such as low turbidity, low temperature and low fatty acid content. V1116 ™ is recommended for the fermentation of icewines. It can also be used for rosé or basic
red wines. Not malolactic-bacteria compatible. Low vinyl phenol production (POF-).

Originally released in kit form as Level2 TD™ for white wines, Lallemand has relaunched this yeast as a single product – BIODIVA™. Now winemakers can select Torulaspora delbrueckii and pair it with the appropriate Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for both red and white wines. Enhance varietal and fermentation ester characters while contributing to mouthfeel and an overall increase in aromatic complexity. Suggested varieties include Chardonnay, Sémillon, Syrah and Pinot Noir.

FLAVIA™ is a pure culture of Metschnikowia pulcherrima selected from nature by the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) for its specific capacity to release enzymes with – arabinofuranosidase activity. When used in sequential inoculation with a compatible selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain, FLAVIA™ will impact the production of such varietal aromas as terpenes and volatile thiols. Under certain conditions, M. pulcherrima does not show fermentative activity. However, the enzymatic activity of M. pulcherrima gives the desired outcomes. Best results are achieved when FLAVIA™ is sequentially inoculated with a S. cerevisiae strain that is a high terpene/thiol releaser/converter. Suggested varieties include Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Colombard.

Level2 Solution LEVEL 2 TD

Selected by the INRA-France

Saccharomyces cerevisiae & Torulaspora delbrueckii

White WineHigh Brix Juice

15 %

Strongly recommended

Esters

LEVEL2 TD™ is an innovative kit of two compatible yeasts (Torulaspora delbrueckii 291 and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used in sequential inoculation, in order to promote aromatic intensity, complexity and mouthfeel in white wines.

Selected for its exceptional ability to restart stuck fermentations, Uvaferm 43® was chosen from among 33 different isolates that were tested against each other, and from the traditional yeasts typically used to restart stuck fermentations. The stuck fermentations used in the selection process were from wines with high alcohol levels (14.3% with 21 g/L RS) and high free SO2 (35 mg/L). The 43® yeast was recently found to be the most fructophilic yeast when compared to other yeasts promoted as being fructophilic. It is classified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus.

A French isolate used extensively in California and Australia since the late 1980s, Enoferm BDX™ has perfect fermentation kinetics and does not generate a lot of heat during fermentation. It is highly recommended for the production of quality red wines, especially Merlot and Cabernet sauvignon, with minimum color loss and enhanced flavor and aroma.

Yeast Uvaferm CS2® was isolated in Alsace and selected by the technical team of INRA in Comar. With aromatic white varietals it is recommended to ferment around 18 ° C. Due to the delicate nature of Uvaferm CS2®, it is recommended to rehydrate with Go-Ferm Protect.

Uvaferm Exence™

University of Wine Biotechnology at the University of Stellenbosch (South Africa)

Uvaferm eXence™ comes from the natural crossing between 2 yeast strains, followed by mass meeting approach strategy and selective pressure with the objective to obtain an aromatic yeast strain adapted to reveal varietal aromas such as thiols during fermentation of white and rosé wines.

Uvaferm GHM™ was isolated in the Rheingau region of Germany and selected from over 800 natural yeast isolates by a team led by Dr. Manfred Grossmann, professor at the Geisenheim Research Center. Numerous fermentation trials with GHM™ in Riesling and other aromatic white varietals from cooler regions resulted in consistently harmonious and well-balanced wines. It has the ability to enhance floral aromas, while avoiding strong ester production, even at low fermentation temperatures. It brings harmony to the bouquet and delicate fruit aromas, as well as an acidity that remains extremely refined. GHM™ is also particularly well adapted for white wines destined for aging using extended lees contact.

Many winemaking trials in recent years with Uvaferm HPS have shown the impact of yeast polysaccharides on mouthfeel contribution. In comparative trials with grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo or Merlot, wines fermented with Uvaferm HPS at the end of fermentation had an increased perception of mouthfeel, roundness and sweetness of tannins. In addition the wines are known for their strong varietal characters. Highly recommended for early release red wines.

Uvaferm PM

In Champagne, France

Saccharomyces cerevisiae bayanus

Red WineWhite WineRosé WineHigh Brix JuiceRestart Stuck Ferment

17 %

Recommended

Neutral

Uvaferm PM® was selected for the production of sparkling and white wines. Uvaferm PM® fermentation allows consistent and reliable performance. Respect the grape varietal aromas. Production of flavors that go well with wood, bread, toast, etc. Well suited to restart stuck fermentations.