Passing On Good Health

Using a mouse model, researchers fed mice either a high-fat diet or a normal diet for three weeks. Some mice from each diet group were allowed to exercise, while others were sedentary. After three weeks, the mice were bred. Their offspring were fed a normal diet and were sedentary for a year.

Researchers found that adult offspring from male mice who exercised had improved glucose metabolism. This suggests the offspring developed healthier metabolisms. Impaired glucose metabolism is associated with developing Type 2 diabetes. The mice also weighed less and had reduced fat mass compared to offspring from sedentary mice.

The team says that exercise prompted changes in the genetic expression of the father’s sperm thanks to small RNAs, or sRNAs, which regulate gene expression and play a vital role in our health. At the time of conception, the team suspects sRNAs transmit important information about paternal health. That’s why fathers who were fed a poor diet also passed on improved health to their children if they exercised.

“sRNAs can affect how the gene is being translated and interpreted,” said lead study author Kristin Stanford, a physiologist at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. “We see that a paternal diet can increase certain sRNAs — which have been shown to impair metabolism in offspring in previous studies — and that paternal exercise can reduce the expression of these sRNAs.”

The study adds to a growing body of research linking parental lifestyle to public health concerns.

“These data suggest that, if translatable to humans, paternal exercise could be an important mechanism to combat the increasing rise in obesity and Type 2 diabetes,” said Stanford.