The territory of Monferrato was situated south-east of Turin around the towns of Asti and Acqui. Aleramo, ancestor of the later rulers, was
granted extensive territory in the area by Emperor Otto I in 967. Monferrato
was ruled by the descendants of Aleramo´s younger son Oddone until 1305 (see
Chapter 1 of the present document). On the extinction in the male line of this
younger branch of the family, Monferrato passed to the descendants of the
second marriage of the Byzantine emperor Andronikos II and Yolanda, sister of Marchese Giovanni I (see Chapter 2). The descendants of Aleramo´s older son Anselmo ruled in
Saluzzo, Savona and other territories to the south of Piemonte and north of Genoa (see Chapter 3). All the rulers among Aleramo´s descendants bore the title "Marchese".

The origin of the title "Marchese" in
north-western Italy is difficult to establish. The name "March",
normally associated with a frontier territory on the borders of the empire
which required close, maybe military, government to impose control, is
difficult to associate with this area of the early medieval kingdom of Italy. The title emerges in the area in the primary sources in the late 9th/early
10th centuries. Guido King of Italy donated property to the bishop of Fiesole, by charter dated 27 May 889, at the request of "Adalbertus…nepos noster et
marchio", who was ancestor of the later Marchesi of Tuscany[1]. The title is
referred to more generally in a charter dated 14 Sep 892, under which Emperor
Guido granted rights to the monastery of Monte Amiata, with the usual clause
guaranteeing against interference by "nullus dux, marchio, comes,
gastaldius…"[2].
Emperor Lamberto confirmed the privileges granted to the monastery of Bobbio by
"marchio noster atque…comes Anscharius" (who was Marchese in
Ivrea) by charter dated 25 Jul 896[3].
Berengario I King of Italy granted property "in…Plumbiensis commitatus"
to the church of Novara, at the request of "Iohannes…Ticinensis…episcopus
et Odelricus comes et marchio…palatii nostri", by charter dated to
[911/15][4].
By this time, the title was firmly established in the families which ruled
Ivrea and Tuscany. From the mid-10th century, it was extended to the ancestors
of the Este family ("Hotberti marchio comes palatii" is named
in a document of the church of Asti dated 962[5])
and to the rulers of Turin and Susa.

The earliest reference to the title "Marchese" in
relation to the territory of Monferrato is a charter dated 23 Jun 909 under
which Berengario I King of Italy donated various properties, including in
Monferrato, Terdona and Acqui, to the church of S. Giovanni Domnarum di Pavia, at the request of "Adelardum…marchionem"[6]. Aleramo,
ancestor of the families which are set out in the present document, was
referred to as "fideli nostro Aledramo comiti" in a charter of
Ugo King of Italy dated 6 Feb 938[7],
but as "Aledramus Marchio" in a charter of Berengario II King
of Italy dated Aug 951 (although this date is suspect as noted below)[8].

Much of the information about the Aleramici family is
corrorborated by the diplomas of the bishopric of Acqui which have been
collected in the two volumes of the late 18th century Monumenta Aquensia[9]. An early work on
the family of the Marchesi di Monferrato is the history written by Benvenuto di
San Giorgio Conte di Biandrate, dated to the late-15th/early 16th century[10]. This work
includes fully quoted primary sources, some of which have not yet been located
elsewhere, although it is wildly inaccurate in many parts of the commentary.
In one passage, Benvenuto claims that the second wife of Aleramo, first Marchese, was "Adelisia ovvero Alasia figliuola di Ottone II Imperatore"[11] (apparently based
on Giovanni di Musso´s Chronicon Placentinum which records the same
ancestry[12]).
In another passage, Benvenuto states that the wife of Guglielmo who, he claims
was the son of Aleramo, was "Elena…figliuola del Duca di Glocesto
fratello di Ricardo Re d´Inghilterra"[13].
All such entries can safely be disregarded.

m firstly ---. The
primary source which directly confirms this first marriage has not yet been
identified. However, the chronology of Aleramo´s known wife Gilberga suggests
that she could not have been the mother of his known children.

3.[GIULITTA (-after 4 May 1080). "Ugo comes filio b. m. Rodulfi qui fuit
similiter comes et Juletta jugales et filia b. m. Wilelmi qui fuit marchio"
made commitments regarding "castello…Suvereto" to the bishop
of Lucca by charter dated 4 May 1080[45].
It is not certain that "Wilelmi…marchio" in this document was
the same person as Guglielmo [I] Marchese di Monferrato, but no other Marchese
Guglielmo has been identified at that time. mUGO,
son of RODOLFO & his wife --- (-after 4 May 1080).]

4.[BURGUNDO . The primary source
which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1081.] m ---. The name of Burgundo's wife is not
known. Burgundo & his wife had two children:

a)GUGLIELMO . The primary source
which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

OTTONE,
son of RIPRANDO & his wife --- (-after 1040).
The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

m ---. The name of
Ottone's wife is not known.

Ottone & his wife had three children:

1.RIPRANDO . The primary source
which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

2.OBERTO [I] (-after 1111).
1061/1100. "Marchionum Rainerii et Oberti eius consanguinei"
donated the church of San Martino di Zenzano to the church of Casale by charter dated 1111, witnessed by "Boiamundus de Manciano nepos marchionis
Oberti…"[47].
m ---. The name of Oberto's wife is not
known. Oberto & his wife had [four] children:

b)[daughter . The charter dated 1111 which
is quoted below suggests that Boemondo´s mother was the sister of Marchese
Oberto [II], assuming that the word nepos in the document should be
interpreted as nephew.] m --- di Mansano, son of ---. One child:

i)BOEMONDO di Mansano (-after
1111). "Marchionum Rainerii et Oberti eius consanguinei"
donated the church of San Martino di Zenzano to the church of Casale by charter dated 1111, witnessed by "Boiamundus de Manciano nepos marchionis
Oberti…"[50].

1.GUGLIELMO [III] (-[1084/85] or
before 28 Dec 1101). The primary source
which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Marchese di
Ravenna. [A highly speculative theory is noted under ANTIOCH, which is a possible
co-identity between Marchese Guglielmo [III] and Marchese Guglielmo/Odo, the
father of Tancred Prince of Antioch, nephew on his mother's side of Bohemond of
Apulia Prince of Antioch. If this is correct, the first wife of Marchese Guglielmo
[III] was Emma, daughter of Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia. Tancred's father enjoyed a sufficiently prominent position in southern Italy to be described only as "the Marquis" in many contemporary records. No suitable
southern Italian family of which he may have been a member has been
identified. It does appear that the title "marchese" in Italy was at
that time limited to families in the north, a logical conclusion considering
the original purpose of the "march" being a border area into which a
powerful government (in the case of northern Italy, Germany) was pushing its
jurisdiction. Tancred's own illustrious marriage to the daughter of Philippe I
King of France in 1106 is also best explained if the bridegroom had good family
connections on his father's, as well as his mother's, side of the family. The
validity of the theory depends, however, on whether any connection can be
proved between Marchese Guglielmo [III] and southern Italy. If further
information shows that Marchese Guglielmo's activities were confined to the
north, it is improbable that the theory would be correct.] m firstly ---. The name of Guglielmo´s first
wife is not known, other than the speculation noted above. This first marriage
is indicated by the absence of Guglielmo´s son Enrico from the charter dated 28
Dec 1101 which names his two other known sons and their mother. m secondlyOTTA di
Agledo, daughter of TEBALDO di Agledo [from Ravenna] & his wife
--- (-after 28 Dec 1101). "Vuilielmus et Reinerius fratres et Marchiones
filii quondam item Vuilelmi Marchionis de Ravenna seu Otta comitissa mater et
filii et filia quondam Tebaldi de Agldo et relicta jam dicta quondam Vuilelmi
Marchionis quondam vir meus" donated property to the church of Vercelli by charter dated 28 Dec 1101[69].
Guglielmo [III] & his first wife had one child:

a)ENRICO [II] "il Balbo" (-before 4 Jan 1127). The primary source which confirms his parentage has
not yet been identified. Marchese di Rocchetta. m
---. The name of Enrico's wife is not known. Enrico & his wife had one
child:

(a)DOMICELLA.
The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. Heiress of Rocchetta. The Annals of Ottobono record that "Donexella
uxor quondam Alberti marchionis de Incisa et filii eius" were captured
by the consuls of Genoa in 1188/89[71].
mALBERTO Marchese di Incisa, son of
--- (-before 1189).

2.ARDIZZONE [I] (-before 4 Jan
1127). The primary source which confirms
his parentage has not yet been identified. mRICHELDA, daughter of ---. The primary
source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Ardizzone
[I] & his wife had one child:

m ([1105]) as her
second husband, GISELE de
Bourgogne-Comté, widow of HUMBERT
II "le Renforcé" Comte
de Maurienne et de Savoie, daughter of GUILLAUME I Comte Palatin de
Bourgogne, Comte de Vienne et de Mâcon & his wife Etiennette --- ([1075]-after
1133). Her parentage is deduced from Suger saying that her daughter Adelaide, wife of Louis VI "le Gros" King of France, was the niece of Pope Calixtus II[80]. This is
corroborated by "Guido Viennensis archiepiscopus"
(later Pope Calixtus II) addressing a letter to "nepoti suo Amedeo
comiti" (Amedée III Comte de Savoie, son of Gisèle by her first
marriage) dated [1115][81].
Her date of birth is estimated from her having given birth to five children by
her second husband whom she married in [1105], and assuming that she was no
more than 17 years old when she gave birth to her first child by her first
husband. Her second marriage is confirmed by Orderic Vitalis who records the
marriage of Guillaume de Normandie and the daughter of Raniero III Marchese di
Monferrato, naming both the bride's parents and specifying that the marriage
was arranged by the bride's uterine half-sister, Adélaïde de Maurienne Queen of
France[82].
"Marchio Ragnerius filius quondam Willielmi et Gisla jugalis filia
quondam Vialii, sive Willielmus filius iam dicti Ragnerii nec non et Julitta
jugalis filia Lupaldi, atque Ardezonus filius quondam item Ardezonii" donated
property to the monastery of Locedio by charter dated 28 Mar 1133 "in
castro…Monsbellus"[83].

Marchese Ranieri & his wife had five children:

1.GIOVANNA di Monferrato ([1107]-1191). Guillaume de Jumièges records that the
Queen of France gave her sister in marriage to Guillaume[84]. Orderic Vitalis
names her parents and specifies that her marriage was arranged by her uterine
half-sister, Adélaïde de Maurienne Queen of France, but does not give her own
name[85].
m (Jan 1127) as his second wife, GUILLAUME "Clito"de Normandie, son of ROBERT III
"Curthose" Duke of Normandy & his wife Sibylle de Conversano
(Rouen 1101-St Omer, Abbey of St Bertin 27 Jul 1128, bur St Omer, Abbey of St
Bertin). He succeeded in Mar 1128 as GUILLAUME I Count of
Flanders.

4.ADALASIA . The primary source
which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1167/69. Nun at
Vandieu in Provence.

5.ISABELLA. William of Tyre names "Guido comes de Blandrada qui prædicti marchionis [Guglielmo V] sororem habebat uxorem"
when recording his presence with Konrad III King of Germany in Palestine in 1148[87].
The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. mGUIDO [IV] Conte di Biandrate,
son of ALBERTO Conte di Biandrate & his wife --- (-after 26 Aug 1172).

GUGLIELMO di Monferrato,
son of RANIERI III Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Gisèle de Bourgogne-Comté
(1110-1191). "Marchio Ragnerius filius
quondam Willielmi et Gisla jugalis filia quondam Vialii, sive Willielmus filius
iam dicti Ragnerii nec non et Julitta jugalis filia Lupaldi, atque Ardezonus
filius quondam item Ardezonii" donated property to the monastery of
Locedio by charter dated 28 Mar 1133 "in castro…Monsbellus"[88]. His parentage
is suggested by William of Tyre who names him "Wilelmus marchio de
Monteferrato eiusdem domini imperatoris sororius" when recording his
presence with Konrad III King of Germany in Palestine in 1148[89], and "avunculus"
of Louis VII King of France when referring to the marriage of his son Guglielmo
in 1176[90].
He succeeded his father in [1137] as GUGLIELMO V "il
Vecchio" Marchese di Monferrato. Leader of the Ghibellin party in Italy. William of Tyre names him "Wilelmus marchio de Monteferrato eiusdem domini
imperatoris sororius" when recording his presence with Konrad III King
of Germany in Palestine in 1148[91],
and "avunculus" of Louis VII King of France when referring to
the marriage of his son Guglielmo in 1176[92].
"Guilelmus marchio filius quondam Rainerii…marchionis et Julita jugalis
filia quondam marchionis Leopoldi de Austria" donated property to the
monastery of Grassano by charter dated [15/16] Mar 1156[93]. He quarrelled
with Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany and lent
support to the Italian policy of Emperor Manuel I[94]. "Dominus
Wilielmus Montisferrati marchio…et Bonefacius eius filius" renounced
their rights in property in Cinaglio in favour of the church of Casale by charter dated 3 Sep 1184[95].
He arrived in Palestine in 1185 and was given a small fief in Galilee[96]. Saladin
captured him and threatened to kill him unless his son Corrado surrendered Tyre but spared his life when his son refused[97].
He was released and allowed to return to his son at Tyre in Jul 1188[98].

1.GUGLIELMO
"Longa-Espia" di Monferrato
([1135/45]-Jun 1177). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam,
Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of
"Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[104]. He is named
"Guilhelm Longa-Espia" in the song by Peire Bremon "En abril, quan vei verdeyar"[105].
William of Tyre names him "dominus Willelmus marcho cognominatus
Longaspata filius marchionis Willelmi senioris de Monteferrato" when
recording his landing at Sidon in Oct 1176, marriage a few days later, and
installation as Count of Jaffa and Ascalon[106].
His marriage was probably arranged on the suggestion of Louis VII King of France. He died of malaria[107].
m (Oct 1176) as her first husband, SIBYLLE
of Jerusalem, daughter of Amaury I King of Jerusalem & his
first wife Agnès de Courtenay ([1160]-[Sep/21 Oct] 1190). She succeeded in
1186 as Queen of Jerusalem.

2.[BEATRICE(-bur Notre Dame de Grenoble). Marchese Guglielmo´s
supposed daughter Beatrice is shown in many secondary sources but it is
possible that she never existed. The wife of Dauphin Guigues [VII] is named
Beatrix in secondary sources but the primary source which confirms that this is
correct has not yet been identified. Her origin has been the subject of
considerable controversy. The Vita Margaritæ Albonensis comitissæ
records that the son of Marguerite de Viennois married "Imperatore…consanguineam"[108]. The Aymari
Rivalli De Allobrogibus records that "Guigo tertius"
married "neptem…primi Federici imperatoris"[109]. Chorier´s Histoire
de Dauphiné names her Beatrice, daughter of Guglielmo V Marchese di
Monferrato & his wife Judith of Austria, stating that her parentage is
confirmed by letters from Emperor Friedrich I, dated 1168, addressed to "Guigoni
Dalphino" which refer to her as "filia Guillelmi comitis
Montisferrati"[110].
This document has not been found in a search of the MGH compilation of diplomas
of Emperor Friedrich. Usseglio suggests that Chorier´s hypothesis is based on
a misinterpretation of a charter of Emperor Friedrich II, dated Mar 1238, which
is addressed to "Beatricis filiæ quondam Guillelmi Marchionis
Montisferrati" (who was the daughter of Guglielmo VI Marchese di
Monferrato, and widow of Dauphin André), and confirms privileges granted to
Dauphin Guigues [VII] in 1155[111].
According to Europäische Stammtafeln[112], Beatrice
married secondly Enrico Marchese di Caretto. However, the only primary source
which suggests this second marriage appears to be the late 13th/14th century Vida
of the poet Raimbaut de Vaqueiras which describes her as sister of Bonifazio
Marchese di Monferrato and states that she married "Enric del Caret "[113].
However, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras himself calls her "filha del marques"
in the famous 'Carros', 'Truan, mala guerra', composed in [1200/01],
which emphasises her youth[114],
which seems to suggest that the Beatrice in question must have been the
daughter not sister of Marchese Bonifazio. A marriage with Dauphin Guigues
would therefore be chronologically impossible. m
[firstly] ([1155]) GUIGUES [VII] Dauphin de Viennois Comte d'Albon, son of GUIGUES [VI] Dauphin de Viennois & his wife Clémence
[Marguerite] de Mâcon [Bourgogne-Comté] (-Château de Vizille 29 Jul 1162, bur Notre Dame de Grenoble). [m secondlyENRICO [I]
del Carretto Marchese di Finale "il Guercio", son
of BONIFAZIO Marchese del Vasto & his wife Agnès de Vermandois (Clavesana
[1115]-Finale 1184).]

3.CORRADO di Monferrato
([1145/47]-murdered Tyre 28 Apr 1192). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam,
Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of
"Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[115]. William of
Tyre (Continuator) names him as son of "le marquis Boniface",
but clarifies this error by specifying that his nephew was king of Jerusalem[116]. "Dominus
Wilielmus Montisferrati marchio…et Bonefacius eius filius" renounced
their rights in property in Cinaglio in favour of the church of Casale by charter dated 3 Sep 1184[117].
"Dominus Conradus filius marchionis Montisferrati" granted
free passage through the straits of Chivasso to the abbeys of Staffarda and
Casanova by charter dated 10 Oct 1186, witnessed by "dominus Bergungius
Sancti Nazarii dominus Rainerius frater eius…"[118]. He arrived in Constantinople in [1186] and was placed in command of the troops which crushed the
rebellion of Theodoros Branas by Emperor Isaakios II, whose sister he married[119]. On the other
hand, according to Niketas Choniates he arrived at Constantinople "in
spring 1187" for his marriage, and was involved in the suppression of
the rebellion of General Alexios Branas[120].
The Chronicle of Ernoul also records that Corrado was involved in suppressing
the rebellion of "Livernas"[121].
He was awarded the title caesar in 1187. Leaving Constantinople, he
landed at Tyre 14 Jul 1187. He took command of the defence of the city against
Saladin, who was unable to capture it[122].
He sent Josias Archbishop of Tyre to the Pope in late summer 1187 to inform him
of the plight of the kingdom of Jerusalem[123].
He refused to surrender Tyre to Guy de Lusignan King of Jerusalem in 1188 and
1189, but was persuaded by Ludwig III "der Milde" Landgraf of
Thuringia to join in King Guy's attack on Acre[124]. During the
early part of the siege, he and King Guy settled their differences, with
Corrado agreeing to recognise Guy as king while Corrado would continue to hold Tyre, together with Beirut and Sidon[125].
After the death of Queen Sibylle in 1190, Balian of Ibelin and his wife Queen Maria (mother of Isabelle of Jerusalem) considered Corrado a better candidate for the
throne of Jerusalem than King Guy I. They therefore engineered his marriage to
Isabelle, now heir to the throne, despite the fact that his previous two wives
may still both have been alive at the time[126].
After his marriage, Corrado returned to Tyre, refusing to assume the throne of Jerusalem unless King Guy abdicated[127].
After the capitulation of Acre 12 Jul 1191, a meeting of the European
dignitaries decided that Guy de Lusignan should remain as king of Jerusalem until his death, after which the crown would pass to Corrado, his wife Isabelle and their issue. Meanwhile Corrado would be lord of Tyre, Beirut and Sidon, and he and King Guy would share the royal revenues[128]. He succeeded
his father in 1191 as CORRADO Marchese di Monferrato. After further
quarrels between the crusader leaders, a council called by Richard King of England in Apr 1192 decided that Corrado should replace Guy as king of Jerusalem. His coronation was planned at Acre, but a few days later he was murdered at Tyre, apparently by two Assassins hired by Sheikh Sinan in revenge for an act of piracy
against one of his merchant ships[129].
m firstly ---. According to Niketas Choniates, Corrado was "recently widowed" in late 1186-early 1187[130]. Ralph of
Coggeshall, in describing how Richard I King of England was captured in Austria
when travelling home from the Crusades, records that he was taken to "villam
nomine Gazaram…a domino provinciæ illius, qui nepos extitit marchisii"[131]. It is assumed
that "Gazaram" refers to Görz and that "marchisii"
indicates Corrado Marchese di Monferrato. If this is correct, it indicates an
otherwise unknown relationship between Marchese Corrado and Meinhard II Graf von Görz. It has been suggested that the connection could have been through
Corrado's first wife whose identity is otherwise unknown[132]. m secondly (early 1187, abandoned [May/Jun] 1187)
THEODORA Angelina,
daughter of ANDRONIKOS Dukas Angelos & his wife Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa
(-after 1195). The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam records the
marriage of "sororem suam [Ysachii] Hermem" and "Conrado
marchionis filio"[133].
Niketas Choniates records the marriage of "Conradi…Montisferrati
domini filius" and "Imperatoris Isaacius…sorore Theodora"[134].
After she was repudiated, she became a nun at Dalmatios convent. m thirdly (24 Nov 1190) as her second husband, ISABELLE of Jerusalem,
divorced wife of HONFROY [IV] Lord of Toron, daughter of
AMAURY I King of Jerusalem & his second wife Maria Komnene (1172-before May
1206). She succeeded in 1192 as ISABELLE Queen of
Jerusalem. She married thirdly (5 May 1192) Henri II Comte de Champagne,
and fourthly (Oct 1198) as his second wife, Amaury I King of Cyprus.

5.FEDERIGO . The Cronica
Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam, Conradum,
Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of "Gulielmus
marchio Montisferati" & his wife, specifying that "Fredericum…clericali
cingulo militabat…Galbensis episcopus"[136]. Bishop of Alba. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Federico"
as the fifth son of "Gulielmo vechio figlolo di Raynerio"
adding that he was a bishop[137].

6.RANIERI di Monferrato
(1163-poisoned [19/31] Aug 1182). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam,
Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of
"Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[138]. William of
Tyre names him and his father, when recording his marriage, specifying that he
was "adolescens" at the time[139]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[140],
he was born in 1163, but this appears late bearing in mind the marriage date of
Ranieri's parents, although it is broadly consistent with William of Tyre's
describing him as "adolescens" when he married. He converted
to Orthodoxy and adopted the name IOANNES in
Byzantium. He was granted the title caesar by his father-in-law in
1180, along with extensive estates in Thessaloniki[141]. This grant
provided the basis for the claim to Thessaloniki in 1204 by Bonifazio, older
brother of Ranieri, after the capture of Constantinople by the armies of the
Fourth Crusade. After the death of Emperor Manuel in 1180, Ranieri and his
wife became the focus of opposition to the regency of her stepmother, dowager Empress Maria. Andronikos Komnenos ordered their murder after seizing power as co-Emperor in
May 1182. m (Feb 1180) MARIA Komnene,
daughter of Emperor MANUEL I & his first wife Bertha von Sulzbach ([Mar
1152]-poisoned Jul 1182). Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1180 of "Manuel imperator Constantinopolitano…filiam suam natam ex priore uxore sua"
and "Rainerio filio Willelmi principis Montis Ferrati"[142]. Niketas Choniates records the marriage between "Maria filia [Manuelis]" and
"filius Montisferrati marchionis, adolescenti"[143]. She and her
husband became the focus of opposition to the regency of the dowager Empress Maria. She was put to death with her husband by Emperor Andronikos I.

BONIFAZIO
di Monferrato, son of GUGLIELMO V "il Vecchio"
Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Judith of Austria [Babenberg]
(1150-killed in battle 4 Sep 1207). The Cronica Alberti de Bezanis names "Gullielmus Spatam-longam,
Conradum, Bonifacium, Fredericum et Raynerium" as the five sons of
"Gulielmus marchio Montisferati" & his wife[151]. Regent of
Monferrato 1191. He succeeded his brother in 1192 as BONIFAZIO I Marchese
di Monferrato. He assisted Emperor Heinrich VI King of Germany in his conquest of Sicily in 1194[152].
A charter dated 13 Jun 1199 records an agreement between the communes of Alessandria, Asti and Vercelli and "dominum Bonifacium marchionem Montisferrati et
Gulielmum filius eius"[153].
He joined the movement for a Fourth Crusade, and was elected leader on the
death of Thibaut III Comte de Champagne[154],
a decision which was ratified at Soissons in Aug 1201[155]. "Bonifatius
marchio Montisferrati" granted the right to wood in "bosco Lucedii"
to the church of Casale by charter dated 21 Jul 1202[156]. Under the
terms of the partition of the Byzantine Empire agreed in March 1204 between Venice and the crusading armies, approximately 3/8 of the territory
of the former empire was to be distributed between the crusaders. Bonifazio,
as leader of the crusade, expected to be installed as emperor of the newly
formed Latin Empire of Constantinople. He married the widow of ex-Emperor Isaakios II in order to advance his claims, but he was outmanoeuvred by Enrico Dandolo Doge of Venice who secured the appointment of Baudouin IX Count of Flanders whom he considered a
less powerful candidate[157].
Bonifazio was assigned a large fief in Anatolia, but demanded Thessaloniki
which he claimed belonged as of right to his family since Emperor Manuel I had granted his brother Ranieri a large estate there. At a meeting with
Venetian representatives at Adrianople 12 Aug 1204, he ceded the island of Crete (which he claimed had been given as a fief to his brother Ranieri by Emperor Manuel I) to Venice and bought Venice's rights to Thessaloniki[158]. Bonifazio
captured Demotika and besieged Adrianople to press his claim. Peace was soon
mediated, and Emperor Baudouin exchanged Demotika for Thessaloniki, where
Bonifazio declared himself King of Thessaloniki.
He extended his kingdom northwards to include Macedonia and southwards into Thessaly[159]. His fiefs were
Othon de la Roche (for Attika and Boetia, later to form the duchy of Athens), Guillaume de Champlitte and, after his death, Geoffroy de Villehardouin (for the
principality of Achaia or Morea in Peloponese). He was faced with continual
threats from the north from the Bulgarians and, against this common threat,
allied himself with Henri Latin Emperor of Constantinople, confirmed by the
marriage of his daughter to the emperor[160].
He was killed by a small Bulgarian raiding party, his head being sent as a
trophy to Kalojan Tsar of Bulgaria[161].
The Cronica of Sicardi Bishop of Cremona records the death in 1207 of
"Bonifacius marchio Montis-ferrati" killed in battle[162].

m firstly (before
1171) ELENA di
Bosco, daughter of ---. The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated
to 1334, names "la figliola del Marchese del Bosco" as the
first wife of "Bonifacio"[163].
The primary source which confirms her name and the name of her father has not
yet been identified. 1179.

m secondly ([late
1186/early 1187]) [JEANNE de Châtillon,
daughter of RENAUD de Châtillon-sur-Loing & his first wife Constance Pss of
Antioch. According to Niketas Choniates, Bonifazio had remarried in late
1186-early 1187[164].
The Lignages d'Outremer name "Maria e Joanna" as the two daughters of "Rinaldo de Castellion" and
his wife "Costanza…la Nova Princessa", stating that Jeanne married "el re de Salonichio" and died without heirs[165]. This is the
only reference so far found to this daughter but, if it is correct, "el
re de Salonichio" can only refer to Bonifazio di Monferrato. If the
date of this marriage is correct as reported by Niketas, Jeanne would
presumably have been considerably younger than her sister Agnes. Jeanne would have been the maternal aunt of Bonifazio's third wife.]

m thirdly (May 1204)
as her second husband, MARGIT of Hungary,
widow of Emperor ISAAKIOS
II, daughter ofBÉLA III King of
Hungary & his first wife Agnès [Anna] de Châtillon-sur-Loing (1175-after 3
Mar 1229). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Haymericum
et Andream…et duas reginas Constantiam de Boemia et Margaretam de Grecia"
as children of "rex Bela de Hungaria" & his wife Agnes[166]. She brought Beograd, Braničevo and probably Niš as part of her dowry for her first marriage[167]. The special
wedding tax levied by Emperor Isaakios II to finance their elaborate nuptial
ceremonies may have contributed to attracting support for the rebellion in Bulgaria by the brothers Ivan Asen and Tedor[168].
She adopted the name MARIA in Byzantium. The Cronica Fratris Salimbene de Adam records the marriage of "Bonifacius
marchio" and "Margaritam imperatricem condam Ysachii, sororem Aimerici regis Ungari"[169].
Georgius Akropolites records that "rex Thessalonicæ"
married "Mariam Ungaram", widow of "imperatori Isaacio"[170]. Villehardouin
records the marriage of "the Marquis Boniface de Montferrat"
and "the lady who had been the Emperor Isaac's wife…the king of Hungary's sister"[171].
Her husband installed her as Regent of Thessaloniki while he was on campaign to
conquer Thessaly[172].
She was also regent for her infant son after the death of her husband, but in
the face of opposition from local nobles was replaced by Uberto di Biandrate.
She was restored as regent by Henri Latin Emperor of Constantinople to whom
Uberto refused to swear allegiance, after the latter was captured in Euboea by the Emperor in 1209[173].
She married thirdly Nicolas
de Saint-Omer Lord of Thebes (-[1217/19]). Pope Gregory IX
confirmed that "[Margaretha] soror…regis Ungarie" acquired
"terram…ulterior Sirmia" by bull dated 3 Mar 1229[174].

Marchese Bonifazio & his first wife had [four] children:

1.[CORRADO (-before 13 Jun 1199). The
Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Conrado et
Gulielmo" as the sons of "Bonifacio" and his first
wife[175].
However, the early generations of the genealogy in this source are inaccurate,
so the reliability of this information is uncertain If he did exist, and was
the older son of Marchese Bonifazio, he must have died before 13 Jun 1199, the
date of a charter of his father and brother Guglielmo (see above).]

3.AGNESE di Monferrato (-1208). Villehardouin records the marriage of Emperor Henri and "the Marquis de Montferrat's…daughter" at Constantinople
"in the church of Santa Sophia on the Sunday after Candlemas Day",
naming her "the Empress Agnes"[177]. Her marriage
was arranged to confirm her father's alliance against her future husband in the
face of Bulgarian aggression in northern Greece[178]. m (Thessaloniki 4 Feb 1207) as his first wife, HENRI
Emperor of Constantinople, son of BAUDOUIN VIII Count of
Flanders [BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut] & his wife Marguerite I Ctss of
Flanders ([1176]-murdered 11 Jul 1216).

4.BEATRICE di Monferrato. The late 13th/14th century Vida
of the poet Raimbaut de Vaqueiras describes Beatrice as sister of Bonifazio
Marchese di Monferrato married to "Enric del Caret"[179]. However, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras himself calls her "filha del marques" in the famous
'Carros', 'Truan, mala guerra', composed in [1200/01], which emphasises
her youth[180].
The identity of her husband "Enric del Caret" has not
been established, assuming that the marriages of Enrico [II] di Caretto are
correct as shown below in this document. m
[ENRICO di Caretto, son of ---].

Marchese Bonifazio & his third wife had one child:

5.DEMETRIO ([1205]-Melfi 1230). The Cronica of Sicardi
Bishop of Cremona names "Wilielmus in Ytalia et Demetrius aput
Tessalonicam" as sons and successors of "Bonifacius marchio
Montis-ferrati"[181].
The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Demetrio"
as the son of "Bonifacio" and his second wife[182]. He succeeded
his father in 1207 as King of Thessaloniki,
under the regency of his mother. The regency was taken by Uberto di Biandrate who refused to swear allegiance to Henri I Latin Emperor of Constantinople,
who invaded Thessaloniki to assert his authority, captured Uberto and crowned
Demetrio 6 Jan 1209[183].
Theodoros Komnenos Dukas Angelos Lord of Epirus attacked the kingdom of Thessaloniki, which had been weakened by the return of many of its knights to the
west, and entered the city in Dec 1224, deposing King Demetrio[184]. He bequeathed
his rights to Thessaloniki to Emperor Friedrich II King of Germany, although the latter renounced his rights in favour of Bonifazio II Marchese di Monferrato[185], and returned to
Italy where he died[186].
The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica records that "rex
Thessalonicensis" died "Melphie" in 1230[187].

GUGLIELMO di Monferrato,
son of BONIFAZIO Marchese di Monferrato & his first wife Elena di Bosco (-Thessaly 17 Sep 1225). A charter dated 13 Jun
1199 records an agreement between the communes of Alessandria, Asti and Vercelli and "dominum Bonifacium marchionem Montisferrati et Gulielmum filius eius"[188]. The Cronica
of Sicardi Bishop of Cremona names "Wilielmus in Ytalia et Demetrius
aput Tessalonicam" as sons and successors of "Bonifacius
marchio Montis-ferrati"[189].
The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Conrado et
Gulielmo" as the sons of "Bonifacio" and his first
wife[190].
He succeeded his father as GUGLIELMO VI Marchese di Monferrato. "Domini
Guillelmi marchionis Montisferrati" granted property to "filiorum
condam domini Alberti Hencise marchionis…domini Guillelmi, Raimundi et Jacobi,
et Henrici eorum nepotis" by charter dated 24 Jan 1204[191]. This charter
shows that Guglielmo adopted the title Marchese before his father´s death,
presumably due to his absence in Greece. He arrived in Greece in 1225 to help his half-brother reconquer the kingdom of Thessaloniki, but before reaching
the city he died from fever[192]
although it was said that he had been poisoned[193]. The Ryccardus
de Sancti Germano Chronica records the death in Sep 1225 of "marchio
Montisferrati in Romania naturali morte"[194].

m firstly (1187) SOPHIE von Staufen,
daughter of Emperor FRIEDRICH I "Barbarossa" & his second wife Béatrix de Bourgogne-Comté (-[1187/88]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and
marriage has not yet been identified.

2.ODDONE (-1251). The primary
source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Cardinal
deacon 1237. Pontifical legate to Denmark and London [1237]. Bishop of Porto.

3.DEMETRIO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet
been identified. 1224.

4.BEATRICE di Monferrato ([1204/10][197]-after Mar 1276). The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus
records the marriage of "Andreas Delphinus" and "Beatricem,
Guillermi marchionis Montisferrati filiam" after repudiating his first
wife[198].
The testament of "Dom. Andreas Dalphinus Viennensis et Albonis comitis"
is dated 4 Mar 1236, names as his heir "Guigonem filium suum",
and appoints "Beatricem uxorem suam comitissam matris eiusdem Guigonis"
as his tutor[199].
Many secondary sources state that Beatrice married, as her second husband, Guy
[II] Seigneur de Bâgé (see the document BURGUNDY DUCHY NOBILITY). Guichenon,
in his Histoire de Savoie, explains the background to this error,
recording that "Pingon, du Buttet, du Chesne et les sainte Marthe…moi
après eux" confused the name "Dauphine", under which
Guy´s widow is recorded with the title "Dauphine [de Viennois]"[200], the widow of
André Comte d´Albon being the only available person with that title. m (21 Nov 1219) as his third wife, ANDRE de Bourgogne
Comte de Gap et d'Embrun, son of HUGUES III Duke of Burgundy [Capet] & his
second wife Béatrix de Viennois (1184-14 Mar 1237, bur Grenoble, église
collégiale de Saint-André). He succeeded his mother in 1228 as Comte d'Albon,
Dauphin.

5.ALASIA (-Kirenia castle 1233
before Apr, bur Nicosia Santa Sofia).
She is named "Aalais" by William of Tyre (Continuator), who
names her husband and specifies that she was "fille dou marquis de Monferrare"[201].
The Chronicle of Amadi records the marriage of "re de Cypro Henrico"
and "una donzella sua cugina, figlia del marchese de Monferatho Guielmo Longa Spada, che fo cugin del imperator"[202], although it is
chronologically impossible for her to have been the daughter of the only member
of the Monferrato family who is normally referred to as "Longo Spada".
This marriage was arranged by Emperor Friedrich II while he was in Cyprus in May 1229 en route back to Europe from Jerusalem, the bride's father being one of the
emperor's strongest supporters in Italy[203].
She came to Cyprus with imperial troops in 1231 but it is unlikely that she
ever met her husband who was in Palestine for most of the civil war in Cyprus. She took refuge in the castle of Kirenia with the Lombards but died before the
castle's surrender to the Ibelin troops in Apr 1233[204]. William of
Tyre (Continuator) records that she had been crowned queen by her husband when
he records the coronation of his second wife "come il avoit fait Alays
la fille dou marquis de Monferrare"[205].
m (May 1229) as his first wife, HENRI I King of Cyprus,
son of HUGUES I King of Cyprus & his wife Alix of Jerusalem Ctss of Jaffa (3
Mar 1217-18 Jan 1253).

6.[ELENA. Niece and heiress of Demetrio King of Thessaloniki. Baudouin II Emperor of Constantinople confirmed her rights over Thessaloniki 5 Feb 1240, confirmed in 1244 by the Pope. m
(before 1240) as his first wife, GUGLIELMO
da Verona Lord of Eubœa, son of GIBERTO da Verona Lord of Eubœa &
his wife --- (-killed in battle Demetrias [1268]).]

Marchese Guglielmo VI had [two] illegitimate children by
unknown mistresses:

8.RANIERI . The primary source which confirms his parentage has
not yet been identified. Ancestor of the Signori di Gabiano, extinct 17th
century.

1.[GIOVANNA di Monferrato, daughter
of GUGLIELMO Marchese di Monferrato & his wife --- . She adopted the name ZOE in Byzantium. This person has not been
traced in the family of the Marchesi di Monferrato. For consistency with the
known dates of other members of the Batatzes family, this couple's marriage
must have taken place around [1200]. If her parentage is correctly identified
(and the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified),
she could only therefore have been the daughter of Guglielmo VI Marchese di
Monferrato, presumably illegitimate as he had no known children from his brief
first marriage. However, it appears unlikely that a member of the Monferrato
family, which was closely connected with the Fourth Crusade, would have married
a member of the Byzantine nobility by whom they were bitterly opposed. mALEXIOS Komnenos Batatzes,
protosébastos, son of ANDRONIKOS Komnenos Batatzes & his wife ---. He is
named by Varzos as a possible son of Andronikos, copied by Magdalino[209].]

2.GUGLIELMO (-in prison Alessandria 8 Feb 1292). Matthew of Paris recounts that,
after the death of Emperor Friedrich I in 1250, there was an attempt to
exchange "filius Marchisii Montis Ferrati" (unnamed) for
Enzio, the son of Friedrich[230].
The testament of "Bonefacius Montisferrati marchio", dated 12
Jun 1253, bequeathes property to "Alaxinam filiam meam inpuberem",
appoints "Guilelminum filium meum inpuberem" as his heir, substituting
in turn "Alaxinam…filia mea" and "Tomam de Saluciis",
if his son died childless[231].
He succeeded his father as GUGLIELMO VII Marchese di Monferrato. He was
appointed Vicar-General in northern Italy by his father-in-law as candidate for
the kingdom of Italy, and led the movement to oust Charles Comte d'Anjou from
the kingdom of Sicily. He succeeded in depriving the latter of his possessions
in Lombardy and captured and castrated his ambassadors. He became head of the
Ghibelin League formed by the Marchese di Saluzzo and contingents from Castile in the towns of Pavia, Asti, Mantua, Verona, Genoa, Milan, Alessandria and Ivrea. He was
named "Capitano di Guerra" and defeated the Guelf
supporters of King Charles and the Pope in 1275[232]. Captain of Milan 1278. Captain of Pavia, Novara and Vercelli. Captain of Como 1282. He was
imprisoned by supporters of the town of Asti, deposed in 1290 and kept in an
iron cage, dying after two years of captivity[233]. The Chronica
Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Gulielmo"
died "costui in Alessandria" in 1292[234]. m firstlyELENA del
Bosco, daughter of ANSELMO Marchese del Bosco & his wife ---. The
primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been
identified. m secondly (Lyon Jun 1258)
ISABEL de
Clare, daughter of RICHARD de Clare Earl of Hertford and Gloucester & his second wife Maud de Lacy (1240-before 1271). The Chronica de
Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Isabella
primogenita, Margareta et Roysea” as the three daughters of “Ricardus de
Clare secundus filius et hæres…Gilberti et Isabellæ” and his wife “Matildem…filiam
comitis Lincolniæ”[235].
The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in Jun 1258 “apud Leouns”
of “Isabel filia Ricardi de Clare primogenita” and “domino Marchio de
Ponte Ferato”, recording that “Willelmus de Bekeford monachus
Theokesberiæ” went with her[236].
The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio
Guliermus" married "filiam regis Angliæ" and that he
killed her "et dicitur sine caussa ex sola et levi suspicione"[237]. m thirdly (Murcia Aug 1271) Infanta doña BEATRIZ de Castilla,
daughter of don ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile & his wife Infanta doña Violante de Aragón ([5 Nov/6 Dec] 1254-[1286]). The Chronica
Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus"
married secondly "Beatricem filiam regis Anfoxi de Hispania"[238]. Her origin is
indicated by Pachymeres who records the second marriage of Emperor Andronikos II and "Irenen, e dynastis…quos marcesios sive marchioness
appellant…neptem regis Hispaniæ"[239].
Her parentage is also indicated by Georgius Phrantzes who records that "Irene, e Lombardia oriunda atque filia sororis regis Hispaniæ et nepti marchionis
Montisferratensis…qui Thessalonicam…et Thessalorum rex fuit" was the
second wife of "imperator Andronicus"[240]. The Chronicon
Astense records that in 1286 "Guilielmus Marchio Montisferrati"
went "in Hispania cum uxore sua Beatrice" who died there[241]. Marchese Guglielmo VII & his second wife had one child:

b)son (Milan 1272-[1272/73). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated
to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" entered Milan in 1272 and that "comitissa marchiones" gave birth there to "duos
masculos qui moriuntur in brevi"[246].

c)son (Milan 1272-[1272/73). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis, dated
to 1334, records that "Marchio Guliermus" entered Milan in 1272 and that "comitissa marchiones" gave birth there to "duos
masculos qui moriuntur in brevi"[247].

d)YOLANDA di Monferrato ([1273/74]-Drama, near Thessaloniki[248] 1317, bur
Constantinople Pantokrator convent). The Chronica
Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that the two daughters of "Marchio
Guliermus" and his wife "Beatricem filiam regis Anfoxi de
Hispania" married "aliam…Violant…Andronico imperatori Græcorum"[249]. The Alberti
Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus records the marriage in 1284 of
"Gulielmus marchio Montis-ferrati…filiam suam" and "filio
Palialogi defuncti qui in Constantinopolitane urbe habet dominium",
specifying that her dowry was "regnum Thesalonice"[250]. Her marriage
was arranged by her maternal grandfather, Alfonso X "el Sabio" King
of Castile[251].
She adopted the name EIRENE in Byzantium. Georgius Phrantzes records that "Irene, e Lombardia oriunda
atque filia sororis regis Hispaniæ et nepti marchionis Montisferratensis…qui
Thessalonicam…et Thessalorum rex fuit" was the second wife of "imperator
Andronicus"[252].
Pachymeres records the second marriage of Emperor Andronikos II and "Irenen, e dynastis…quos marcesios sive marchioness appellant…neptem regis Hispaniæ"[253].
Her dowry consisted of the Monferrato family's titular right to Thessaloniki[254],
which had been titular only since Demetrio di Monferrato King of Thessaloniki had been deposed in 1224 by Theodoros Angelos Lord of Epirus who subsequently
declared himself emperor of Thessaloniki. She was crowned Empress after the
birth of her first son in 1286[255].
She is portrayed as arrogant and ambitious by the contemporary historian Nikephoros Gregoras, and proposed a division of the territory of the Empire to give her sons
hereditary appanages[256].
She left her husband in 1303 and took up residence in Thessaloniki, where she
conducted herself as Empress in her own right, controlled her own finances and
foreign policy, and witnessed documents as Augusta or Despoina[257]. She inherited
Monferrato after the death of her brother in 1305 and, after attempting to
install her oldest son Ioannes as Marchese di Monferrato, arranged for her
second son to succeed in 1306[258].
She mounted a campaign of open vilification of her husband, and encouraged
close relations with her son-in-law Milutin King of Serbia whom she persuaded
to name her son Demetrios as his successor although the latter declined the
opportunity[259].
m ([1284], separated 1303) as his second
wife, Emperor ANDRONIKOS II,
son of Emperor MIKHAEL VIII & his wife Theodora Dukaina Komnene
Palaiologina Batatzaina (25 Mar 1259-12/13 Feb 1332).

e)GIOVANNI (Milan 1278-[9] Mar
1305). His parentage is confirmed by the charter
dated 14 Dec 1306 under which "dominus Theodorus…domini Grecorum
filius…marchio Montisferati" confirmed the rights of Santa Maria di
Vezzolano granted by "quondam dominos Johannem et Guillermum bone
memorie marchioness Montisferati avunculum et avum dicti domini marchionis"[260]. He succeeded
in 1290 as GIOVANNI I Marchese di Monferrato, under the guardianship of Charles II King of Sicily. However, Matteo Visconti Lord of Milan occupied Monferrato, imposed
himself by force as Captain-General in the Marquisate and as guardian of
Marchese Giovanni. Marchese Giovanni succeeded in wresting control from the
occupiers in 1303[261].
The testament of "Johannes…marchio Montisferrati", dated 18
Jan 1305, appoints as his heirs (in case he had no issue by "Margarita
de Sabaudia uxore ipsius") "filios Alaxine sororis sue condam
et uxoris Puncelli de filiis Ursi", and failing them "filium
Margarite sororis sue condam uxoris Johannis infantis de Yspania de Castella",
and failing him "Maynfredum marchionum Saluciarum"[262]. The Chronicon
Astense records the death in 1305 of "Johannes Marchio
Montisferrati…sine filiis"[263].
[264]Betrothed ([1290]) to BLANCHE of Sicily, daughter of
CHARLES II King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary
([1280]-Barcelona 14 Oct 1310, bur Santa Croce), who later married Jaime II King of Aragon. [265]Betrothed (1295) to MARIE de Clermont,
daughter of ROBERT de France Comte de Clermont Sire de Bourbon & his wife
Béatrix dame de Bourbon ([1284/85]-Paris 17 Mar 1372, bur Poissy). m (23 Mar 1296) MARGUERITE de Savoie,
daughter of AMEDEE V Comte de Savoie & his first wife Sibylle de Baugé (-1339). "Margarita di Savoia" made a donation to "Conte
Amedeo suo Padre" of a sum on money bequeathed to her under the last
testament of "Dama Sibilla sua Madre" dated 6 Jan 1296[266], presumably as
part of the arrangements for her forthcoming marriage. The contract of marriage
between "Gioanni Marchese di Monferrato" and "Margarita
di Savoia figlia del Conte Amedeo V di Savoia" is dated 23 Mar 1296[267]. The Chronicon
Astense records the marriage in 1296 of "Johannes…Marchio
Montisferrati" and "Amadeum Sabaudiæ comitem…Margaritam eius
filiam" who had previously been betrothed to "Johanni filio
Humberti Delfini"[268].
A contract dated 14 Mar 1305 between "Marchese Manfredo di Saluzzo"
as Governor of the Marquisate of Monferrato and "Margarita di Savoia figlia del Conte Amedeo Vedova del suddetto Marchese" confirmed her
possession of the castles of Lanzo, Ciriè and Caselle as part of her dowry[269].

f)ALESSINA (-before 18 Jan 1305). The Chronica Jacobi
de Aquis, dated to 1334, records that the two daughters of "Marchio
Guliermus" and his wife "Beatricem filiam regis Anfoxi de
Hispania" married "una…in Roma D. Ponzello filio D. Ursi de
Ursinis…nepoti Papæ" and that they had "filius…Petrus"[270]. Her parentage
and marriage are confirmed by the testament of "Johannes…marchio
Montisferrati", dated 18 Jan 1305, which appoints as his heirs "filios
Alaxine sororis sue condam et uxoris Puncelli de filiis Ursi", and
failing them "filium Margarite sororis sue condam uxoris Johannis
infantis de Yspania de Castella"[271].
m (before 1305) PONCELLO Orsini Patrician of Rome, son of ORSINO
Orsini & his wife --- (-after 1314).

Marchese Guglielmo VII had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

g)BONIFAZIO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has
not yet been identified. 1296/1311.

3.TEODORA ([after Jun 1253]-). Teodora
is not named in her father´s testament dated 12 Jun 1253, which suggests that
she may have been born posthumously. The primary source which confirms her
parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. mGERARDO della Gherardesca
Conte di Donoratico (-1268).

Marchese Bonifazio II had one illegitimate child by an
unknown mistress:

4.NICCOLINO (-after 1305). The
Cronica Alexandrina records that "Dominus Nicolinus Bastardus
Montisferrati" was "potestas Alexandriæ" in 1280[273]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has
not yet been identified, although the chronology indicates that Marchese
Bonifazio II would be the only possible father. Podestà of Alessandria 1280. Vicar of Caselle 1303.
1270/1305.

c)TEODORO (1364-18 Aug 1418). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis
records that "Theodoro", son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", was born in 1364[298].
Benvenuto di San Giorgio quotes a charter dated 27 Jan 1376 under which "Princeps
D. Otto Dux Brunsvicensis Gubernator et administrator ac tutor…D.
Secundiottonis Marchionis Montis ferrati necnon Joannis, Theodori et Guilielmi
fratrum ipsius D. Marchionis" settled matters relating to the
testament of Marchese Giovanni II[299].
Signor di Asti e Mondovì 1378, minor until 1381. He succeeded his brother in
1381 as TEODORO II Marchese di Monferrato. He was chosen as Captain
General of Genoa in 1409, heading a government of compromise consisting of
representatives from the various rival factions in the city. He was, however,
expelled in 1413 and replaced by Francesco Maria Visconti Lord of Milan[300]. A continuation
of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that "Theodoro",
son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", died in 1418[301]. m firstlyARGENTINA
Malaspina, daughter of LEONARDO Malaspina Marchese di Massa &
his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has
not yet been identified. m secondly
(1393) JEANNE de Bar, daughter of
ROBERT I Duc de Bar & his wife Marie de France (-15 Jan 1402). A
continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis records that the first wife
of "Theodoro", son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", was "Zoanna figlola di Roberto Ducha de Barri"[302]. m thirdly (17 Jan 1403) MARGUERITE de Savoie,
daughter of AMEDEE de Savoie Signore di Piemonte, titular Prince of Achaia
& his wife Catherine de Genève ([1382/89]-23 Nov 1464). Nun at Alba 1420. She was beatified in 1670. Marchese Teodoro II & his second wife had
two children:

i)GIANGIACOMO
(23 Mar 1395-12 Mar or [13 Sep] 1445). A
continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zan Jacobo
& Sophia" as the children of "Theodoro", son of
"Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", and his first wife,
adding that Giangiacomo was born 28 May 1395[303].
He succeeded his father in 1418 as GIANGIACOMO Marchese di Monferrato.

ii)SOFIA (-21 Aug 1434). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis
names "Zan Jacobo & Sophia" as the children of "Theodoro",
son of "Zoanne figlolo del…Theodoro Paleologo", and his first
wife, adding that Sofia married "Zoanne Imperatore di Constantinopoli"[304]. The Historia Byzantina of Michælis Ducæ Nepotis records the marriage of "Iohanni
liberoram primogenitor" and "marchionem Montisferrati…filiam"
and, in a later passage, his repudiation of his wife[305]. Georgios Phrantzes records the marriage 19 Jan in Santa Sofia of Emperor Iohannes and "domina
Sophia filia marchionis Montisferrati"[306]. Papal
permission for the marriages of the brothers Ioannes and Theodoros with
catholic westerners was given as a gesture to improve relations with the
Orthodox church after Emperor Manuel II sent ambassadors to the church council
at Konstanz[307].
Reputedly extremely unattractive, her husband "was so disgusted with her
that he kept her out of his sight in a remote corner of the palace"[308] and eventually
repudiated her. Betrothed (26 Jan 1404)
to FILIPPO
MARIA Visconti Conte di Pavia, son of GIAN GALEAZZO "il
Grande" Duke of Milan & his second wife Caterina Visconti (Milan 23 Sep 1392-Milan 13 Aug 1447). He succeeded in 1412 as Duke of Milan. m (19 Jan 1421, repudiated Aug 1426) as his
second wife, IOANNES Palaiologos
co-Emperor, son of Emperor MANUEL II & his wife Jelena
[Helene] Dragaš [Serbia] (Dec 1392-31 Oct 1448). He succeeded his father in
1425 as Emperor IOANNES VIII.

2.VIOLANTA di Monferrato(Moncalvo Jun 1318-24 Dec 1342, bur Abbaye de
Hautecombe). The
contract of marriage between "Conte Aymone di Savoia" and
"la Principessa Violant figlia del Marchese Teodoro di Monferrato"
is dated 1 May 1330[312].
Her marriage was arranged to seal the newly found peace between her family and
the counts of Savoy, and on the basis that the latter would succeed to
Monferrato in case of extinction in the male line of the Paleologo family[313]. An Order of
"Comte Amé de Savoie" dated 7 Dec 1346 which confirms a legacy
granted by "la Dame Violante de Montferrat Comtesse de Savoie sa mère"
to "Guigone fille de Jean Pairolier d'Hinne"[314]. She died in
childbirth. m (Casale 1 May 1330) AYMON "le Pacifique"Comte de Savoie, son of AMEDEE
V Comte de Savoie & his first wife Sibylle de Baugé (Bourg-en-Bresse 15 Dec
1291-Château de Montmélian 22 Jun 1343, bur Abbaye de Hautecombe).

c)SCIPIONE (-murdered Casale 26 Mar 1485). He was named heir to
Monferrato by his uncle Marchese Bonifazio IV but was later murdered on the
orders of the latter[329].

3.GUGLIELMO (19 Jul 1420-28 Feb
1483). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi
de Aquis names "Zoanne, Gulielmo, Bonifacio & Theodoro
cardinale" as the sons of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[330]. He succeeded
his brother in 1464 as GUGLIELMO X Marchese di Monferrato. m firstly (19 Jan 1465) MARIE de Foix,
daughter of GASTON IV de Grailly Comte de Foix et de Bigorre, Vicomte de Béarn & his wife Infanta doña Leonor de Navarra ([after 1452]-1467). A
continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Maria
sorella del Cardinale de Foes" as the first wife of "Guglielmo"
second son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[331]. m secondly (18 Jul 1469) ELISABETTA Sforza, daughter of
FRANCESCO I Duke of Milan & his second wife Bianca Maria Visconti of Milan (1456-1473). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Elisabetta
sorella del Duca Galeazzo Visconte Signore di Milano" as the second
wife of "Guglielmo" second son of "Zoanne Jacobo
figlolo di Teodoro"[332].
m thirdly (6 Jan 1474) BERNARDE de Brosse dite de Bretagne, daughter of JEAN [II] de Brosse Seigneur de Boussac & his wife Nicole de Châtillon-Blois dite de Bretagne Ctss de Penthièvre Vicomtesse de Limoges (-17 Feb 1485). A continuation of the Chronica
Jacobi de Aquis names "Bernarda de Ponthieura" as the
third wife of "Guglielmo" second son of "Zoanne Jacobo
figlolo di Teodoro", adding that the couple was childless[333]. Marchese Guglielmo X & his second wife had two children:

b)GIOVANNA ([1473]-end 1490). Her marriage is confirmed by the
testament of her husband "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum",
dated 6 Feb 1498, which bequeathes property to "…Margaritæ comitissæ
Montis majoris eius filiæ ex quondam…domina Joanna de Monteferrato…"[337]. The reversion
of Monferrato to the Saluzzo family, in case of extinction of the former in the
male line, was a condition of her marriage contract[338]. m (Aug 1481) as his first wife, her first cousin,
LODOVICO II Marchese di Saluzzo,
son of LODOVICO I Marchese di Saluzzo & his wife Isabella di Montferrato (-Genoa 1504).

Marchese Guglielmo X had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

4.AMADEA ([1420]-Nicosia 13 Sep
1440). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de
Aquis names "Isabella & Amadea" as the two daughters
of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[339]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Medea, figliola del marchese de Monferato"
as the first wife of "Joanne, secondo figliolo de re Jannus",
stating that she died childless[340].
The Chronicle of Amadi records the arrival in Cyprus in 1440 of "madama
Medea de Monferato, moglie del…re Joanne", their marriage 3 Jul, and
her death 13 Sep[341].
The "New Chronicle" records the date and place of her marriage, and
the date and place of her death[342].
The Chronicle of Leontios Makhairas records that she was crowned queen with her
husband 3 Jul 1440[343].
m (by proxy Ripaille 23 Dec 1437, in
person Nicosia 3 Jul 1440) JEAN II King of
Cyprus, son of JANUS I King of Cyprus & his second wife Charlotte de Bourbon (16 May 1418-Nicosia 28 Jul 1458).

6.TEODORO (15 Aug 1425-Asti 14 Jan
1484). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Zoanne,
Gulielmo, Bonifacio & Theodoro cardinale" as the sons of "Zoanne
Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", adding in a later passage that Teodoro was
born "14" and died "in Ast nel 14" (no months
or years specified)[345].
Papal protonotary and legate of Monferrato. Cardinal 1467. Provost of Mainz Cathedral 1475. Provost of St Guido at Speyer 1475. He died after injuries received
while carving meat.

m secondly (1483) HELENE de Brosse dite de Bretagne, daughter of JEAN [II] de Brosse Seigneur de Boussac & his wife Nicole de Châtillon-Blois dite de Bretagne Ctss de Penthièvre Vicomtesse de Limoges (-1484). A
continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Helena figlola del Conte di Ponthevra, sorella della Marchesa Bernarda"
as the first wife of "Bonifacio", third son of "Zoanne
Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[347].

m thirdly (by proxy Innsbruck 8 Jul 1485) MARIJA Branković,
daughter of STEFAN Branković [Serbia] & his wife Angelina Araniti ([1464/66]-27 Aug 1495). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis
names "Maria di Servia" as the second wife of "Bonifacio",
third son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[348]. The Masarelli
Vatican manuscript names (in order) John, George, Irene, Maria as the children
of Stephen & his wife, stating that Maria married Bonifazio marchese of
Monferrato[349].
The manuscript Vaticanus latinus 4789 records that the daughter of “Etienne”,
son of “[le] despote de Serbie”, and his wife “la fille de
l´Albanais, la sœur du seigneur Constantin” married “le marquis de
Monferrat et eut trois enfants”[350].
Theodoros Spandounes records that "figliola…Maria…[di Stefano Despoto]"
married "signor Bonifatio marchese di Monferrato"[351]. A manuscript
which records details of the Musaki family names "signora Maria"
as the daughter of "signor Stefano…figliolo del signor Despoto de
Servia…Giorgio" and his wife, adding that she married "il
signor marchese de Monferrato"[352].

Marchese Bonifazio IV & his second wife had one child:

1.son (-young). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis
records that "Bonifacio", third son of "Zoanne Jacobo
figlolo di Teodoro", and his wife "Helena…di Ponthievra"
had "un figlolo che morite in cunabulis"[353].

Marchese Bonifazio IV & his third wife had [three]
children:

2.GUGLIELMO (Pontestura 10 Aug
1486-Casale Monferrato 4 Oct 1518). A
continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Gulielmo
& Zoanne Georgio" as the two sons of "Bonifacio",
third son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", and his wife
"Maria di Servia"[354].
The Masarelli Vatican manuscript names (in order) Guglielmo and Zanzorzi as the
children of Bonifazio marchese of Monferrato and his wife[355]. A manuscript
which records details of the Musaki family names "il primo…signor
Guglielmo…l´altro…signor Giorgio" as the two sons of "il
signor marchese de Monferrato" and his wife "signora Maria"[356]. He succeeded
his father in 1494 as GUGLIELMO XI GIOVANNI Marchese di Monferrato,
under the joint regency of his mother and his maternal uncle Konstantin
Arianiti[357]m (Blois, église Saint-Sauveur 31 Aug
1508) ANNE d'Alençon, daughter
of RENE Duc d'Alençon & his second wife Marguerite de Lorraine (30 Oct
1492-Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Italy 12 Oct 1562). The Masarelli Vatican
manuscript records that Guglielmo married Anna daughter of the duke of Alençon,
cousin of the king of France[358].
A manuscript which records details of the Musaki family names "il…signor
Guglielmo…de Monferrato" married "la sorella di Monsignor
d´---"[359].
Dame de la Guerche. Regent of Monferrato 1518-1530. Marchese Guglielmo XI Giovanni & his wife had three children:

a)MARIA (19 Aug 1509-1531). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that the
children of Guglielmo & his wife were (in order) Boniface, Maria and an unnamed daughter, stating that Maria married Federigo of Mantua[360]. Betrothed to FEDERIGO II
Duke of Mantua, son of GIAN FRANCESCO II Marchese di Mantua
& his wife Isabella d’Este of Ferrara (17 May 1500-28 Jun 1540).

b)MARGHERITA (11 Aug 1510-Casale 28
Dec 1566). The Masarelli Vatican
manuscript records that the children of Guglielmo & his wife were (in
order) Boniface, Maria and an unnamed daughter[361]. A manuscript
which records details of the Musaki family records that the daughter of "il…signor
Guglielmo…de Monferrato" and his wife married "signor Federico
duca de Mantua"[362].
Heiress of Monferrato, sequestrated 1533. She and her heirs were transferred 3
Nov 1536 by Emperor Karl V. m (16 Nov
1531) FEDERIGO II
Duke of Mantua, son of GIAN FRANCESCO II Marchese di Mantua
& his wife Isabella d’Este of Ferrara (17 May 1500-28 Jun 1540). Marchese di Monferrato 1536.

c)BONIFAZIO (21 Sep 1512-Casale 17
Oct 1530). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript
records that the children of Guglielmo & his wife were (in order) Boniface,
Maria and an unnamed daughter[363].
He succeeded his father in 1518 as BONIFAZIO V Marchese di Monferrato.
He fell during a hunt after his horse was frightened by the shrill cry of Lodovico Sforza.

3.GIAN GIORGIO SEBASTIANO (20 Jan 1488-Casale 30 Apr 1533). A continuation of the Chronica
Jacobi de Aquis names "Gulielmo & Zoanne Georgio" as
the two sons of "Bonifacio", third son of "Zoanne
Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro", and his wife "Maria di Servia"[364]. The Masarelli
Vatican manuscript names (in order) Guglielmo and Zanzorzi as the children of
Bonifazio marchese of Monferrato and his wife[365]. A manuscript
which records details of the Musaki family names "il primo…signor
Guglielmo…l´altro…signor Giorgio" as the two sons of "il
signor marchese de Monferrato" and his wife "signora Maria",
adding that Giorgio died childless[366].
Signor di Mombelo e Morano to 1530. Abbot of Lucedo 1509. Apostolic
protonotary. Bishop-coadjutor of Casale. Bishop of Casale 1517. He resigned
his ecclesiastical appointments in 1524. He succeeded his nephew in 1530 as GIAN
GIORGIO SEBASTIANO Marchese di Monferrato. He died as his wife made her
formal entry to Monferrato. m (Ferrara 29 Apr 1533) GIULIA di Aragona,
daughter of FEDERIGO IV King of Naples & his second wife Isabella del Balzo (1492-Valencia 10 Mar 1542). The Masarelli Vatican manuscript records that
Zanzorzi married Isabella cousin of the king of Naples but died without issue[367]. Marchese Gian Giorgio Sebastiano had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a)FLAMINIO
Paleologo (-24 May 1571). Signor di San Giorgio e Caluso 1532. He served in the Spanish army. Governor of Casale and
Senator 1559. He claimed the throne of Monferrato in 1568 and was imprisoned.

4.[child . The manuscript Vaticanus latinus 4789 records that the
daughter of “Etienne”, son of “[le] despote de Serbie”, and his
wife “la fille de l´Albanais, la sœur du seigneur Constantin” married “le
marquis de Monferrat et eut trois enfants”[368]. It is not
known whether this third child existed or whether this represents an error in
the manuscript.]

Marchese Bonifazio IV had one illegitimate daughter by an
unknown mistress:

FLAMINIO Paleologo,
illegitimate son of GIAN GIORGIO SEBASTIANO Marchese di Monferrato & his
mistress --- (-24 May 1571). Signor di San Giorgio e Caluso 1532. He served in the Spanish army. Governor of Casale and
Senator 1559. He claimed the throne of Monferrato in 1568 and was imprisoned.

The county of Tortona was one of the counties held by the
Marchesi di Saluzzo in the 11th century. It was acquired by the bishop of
Tortona before the late 12th century, as shown by the charter dated 7 Dec 1176
under which "dominum Obertum Terdonensem comitem et episcopum"
issued a judgment relating to a property dispute[375], and the charter
dated 22 Jul 1183 which names "dominum Ugonem Terdonensem episcopum et
comittem"[376].
Around the end of the same century, lay jurisdiction appears to have been
transferred to joint consules, as shown by the charter dated 2 Sep 1190
which records a judgment issued by "dominus Gandulfus Mussus et
Albertus Barata et Guilielmus Membrutus consules Terdone"[377], presumably
appointed each year as was the case with the consules at Genoa, although
the nature of their administrative relationship with the bishop (if any) is
unclear from the documentation which has been consulted. The bishop of Tortona
is no longer referred to as count in the charters of the Tortona cartulary
after the first couple of years of the 13th century, which suggests that any
jurisdictional rivalry was resolved in favour of the consules.
Nevertheless, it would appear that the two power bases continued to work
closely together in Tortona, as demonstrated by the charter dated 6 Oct 1223
which records the return of the castle of Cella di Bobbio from the commune of
Tortona to "marchiones Conradum et Opizonem Malaspinas" on
condition that they swear allegiance to the bishop of Tortona[378].

i)ADALBERTO . The primary source
which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Acqui
1079.

ii)GUIDO (-before 1106). The
primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Marchese.
m ---. The name of Guido's wife is not known. Marchese Guido & his wife had two children:

b)ADELAIDA del Vasto ([1072]-Palermo 16 Apr 1118, bur Patti, Convent of San Salvatore). Her origin is confirmed by Malaterra
who records the marriage of "comes Rogerus" and "Adelaydem…neptem
Bonifacii…Italorum marchionis, filiam…fratris eius", dating the event
to 1089[413].
Albert of Aix records that she was "ortæ de sanguine Gallorum"
and refers to her consanguinity with her second husband[414], but the precise
relationship has not been traced. According to Houben[415], she was "barely
15" on her first marriage, although the basis for this statement is
not known and if it is correct her assumed birth year would be earlier or later
than [1072] depending on the actual year of the marriage. She was regent of Sicily for her sons Count Simon and Count Roger II 1101-1112, jointly with Robert de Bourgogne, the husband of one of her step-daughters. She suppressed rebellions by her
vassals with great severity. She established the Sicilian capital at Palermo [Mar/Jun] 1112. Fulcher of Chartres specifies that King Baudouin married the widow
of Roger Count of Sicily and names her "Adelaidis" in a later
passage[416].
Albert of Aix records the marriage at Acre of King Baudouin to the widow of
"Rotgeri ducis Siciliæ, fratris Boemundi", describing in
detail the magnificence of her suite, dated to [1113] from the context[417]. As a condition
of her second marriage, she insisted that her son by her first marriage, Roger Count of Sicily, would become heir to Jerusalem if the second marriage produced no other
heir[418].
Albert of Aix records that Arnoul Patriarch of Jerusalem ordered the king to
repudiate his wife "propter adulterium" in relation to his
"prima conjuge, de orta de principibus Armeniæ", implying that
the former wife was still alive when the king remarried, but adds that the king
was also accused of consanguinity with his wife who was "ortæ de
sanguine Gallorum", whereupon his wife returned to Sicily[419]. A further
difficulty was presumably the possibility of the crown of Jerusalem passing to
the count of Sicily, in accordance with the arrangements made at the time of
Baudouin´s third marriage, but this is not mentioned by Albert of Aix. Fulcher
records her death in Sicily in April immediately after recording the death of King Baudouin[420]. The Annales
Siculi record the death in 1118 of "Adelasia regina Ierosolimitana
mater regis Rogerii"[421].
m firstly ([1087]) as his third wife, ROGER I Count of Sicily,
son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his wife [Fressenda] ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun
1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity). m
secondly (Acre Sep 1113, repudiated 1117) as his third wife, BAUDOUIN I King of Jerusalem, son of
EUSTACHE II Comte de Boulogne & his second wife Ida of Lower Lotharingia
(-Al-Arish 2 Apr 1118, bur Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre).

c)--- del Vasto . Malaterra records the
betrothal of "duosque sorores [Adelaydis]" and "duobus
filiis suis [Rogerii comitis Siciliæ] Gaufredo et Jordano", dating the
event to 1089, but states that Godefroi died before the marriage could take
place[422].
Betrothed (1087) to GODEFROI of Sicily, son of
ROGER I Count of Sicily & his second wife Eremburge de Mortain
(-[1096/1120]). His father granted him Ragusa[423]. A leper, he
lived in isolation in a remote monastery[424].

[m firstlyALIX de Savoie, daughter of PIERRE I Comte de Savoie & his wife Agnès de Poitou. "Bonifacius marchio
filius Teutonis…marchio…cum Alice cometissa filia qd. d. Petri marchio atque
Theotone, Petro, Magnifredo, Hugone et Willielmo filiis eorum" donated
property to "monasterio sancti Petri…in…villa Saviliani" by
charter dated 21 Dec 1099[440].
Szabolcs de Vajay dismisses this individual as an imaginary person designed to
explain the claims of Marchese Bonifazio to Turin, which he in fact inherited
through his mother who was the younger sister of Adelaida di Susa, mother of Comte Pierre[441]. It is uncertain
whether he was aware of the charter quoted above when he made this suggestion.
Even if the charter in question was spurious, it is unclear what purpose would
have been served by fabricating the ancestry of Marchese Bonifazio´s wife. It
should be noted that Bonifazio´s [second] wife Agnes de Vermandois was
considerably younger than her husband. An earlier marriage would therefore be
likely.]

6.ANSELMO (-after 1140). "Bonifacius marchio"
appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon
Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but
disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated
1125[460].
That he may have been born from the first marriage of his father is suggested
by the charter dated 1196 under which his son "Bonifacius marchio de
Cravexana" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Stefano by
"comitissa Adalasia avia mea"[461]. However, this
charter could also refer to Bonifazio´s maternal grandmother, mother of
Anselmo´s wife who is not otherwise known. Marchese di Ceva: a charter dated
22 Dec 1142 records the division of territories agreed between "Marchiones
de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum, Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et
Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii marchionis", under which Anselmo took
"marchionatus Ceve"[462].

b)[MARIA . As noted above,
documents pertaining to the divorce of Bernard [IV] Comte de Comminges and
Marie de Montpellier specify "…De Bonifatio exivit domina Maria uxor domini
Bernardo de Andusia…"[467],
but this has not been reconciled with information from other sources. mBERNARD d'Anduze
.]

Marchese Bonifazio & his [second] wife had six
children:

8.daughter (before [1108/15]-). Ivo Bishop of Chartres wrote to "Hugoni...Trecensium
comiti" referring to a possible marriage between "regis"
[Louis VI King of France] and “consobrinæ tuæ filiæ Bonifacii marchionis”
by charter dated to [1108/15][468].

mELEONORA, daughter of ---. A continuation of the
Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Elionor figlola di Zudich, Conte
de la Thorre Alborea…nipota del Re di Spagna" as the wife of "Manfredo",
first son of "Bonifazio"[505].

a)ALASIA ([1236]-before 12 Jul
1311, bur Pontefract, Church of the Black Friars). "Mainfredus III marchio
Salutiarum" appointed "Beatricem de Sabaudia suam uxorem"
as co-tutor of "Thomæ et Alasinæ filiorum suorum" in his
testament dated 1244[541].
Henry III King of England agreed that “unam filiarum filiæ...comitis
[Sabaudiæ]” would marry “vel Johanni de Warenna qui si vixerit comes
erit Warennæ, vel Edmundo de Lacy qui si vixerit comes erit Lincolniæ” by
charter dated 1246[542].
A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that “Edmundum de Lacy
comitem” married “dominam Aleciam filiam marchionis de Salves in Italia,
cognatam reginæ Anglia ex parte Sabinensi” when she was “in juventute
sua”[543].
“Edmundus de Lascy constabularius Cestriæ” donated property to Roche
Abbey, for the souls of “…Alesiæ uxoris meæ”, by undated charter[544]. As Alasia gave
birth to her first child in 1250, it is unlikely that she could have been born
later than 1236, although at that date her own mother was probably only
thirteen years old. Given this tight chronology, it is assumed that Alasia was
her parents' first child. m (Woodstock early May 1247) EDMUND
de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, son of JOHN de Lacy Earl of Lincoln & his
second wife Margaret de Quincy (1230-2 Jun 1258, bur Stanlaw Abbey).

c)[MARGHERITA (1245-). As she and
her sister Agnese are not mentioned in their father´s testament dated 1244, it
is assumed that they were born posthumously and that they were twins. However,
Margherita is not mentioned in the charter dated 24 Aug 1251 which names
Marchese Manfredo III´s three other children and their tutor Bonifazio Marchese
di Monferrato. This raises doubts about the existence of Margherita. Nun.]

d)AGNESE (1245-after 4 Aug 1265,
bur Pontefract, Church of the Black Friars).
Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Aug 1251 under which Bonifazio
Marchese di Montferrato "tutor Thome filii condam Manfredi marchionis
Salutiarum et filiarum suarum Alaxine et Agnesine" donated property to
Staffarda monastery in accordance with the last wishes of Manfredo III Marchese
di Saluzzo[546].
As she and her supposed sister Margherita are not mentioned in their father´s
testament dated 1244, it is assumed that they were born posthumously and that
they were twins (assuming that Margherita in fact existed, about which there
are doubts as discussed above). It is assumed that her marriage was arranged
by Pierre Comte de Savoie who had been her husband's guardian from 12 Feb 1254,
after the death of his father[547].
m ([before 1262][548]) as his first
wife, JOHN de Vescy,
son of WILLIAM de Vescy & his second wife Agnes de Ferrers of Derby (18 Jul 1244-Montpellier 10 Feb 1289, bur Alnwick Abbey). No children.

4.VIOLANTE ). The primary source which confirms her
parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. Secondary sources
show Violante as the third wife of Lucchino and mother of his three younger
legitimate children. However, this is inconsistent with the sources which
record his wife Elisabetta as still alive when Lucchino was killed and as
mother of his son Lucchino (see the document MILAN) and also appears to be
chronologically impossible. m [firstly] OBIZZO Spinola
Doge of Genoa, son of --- (-1315). [m secondly
(1339) as his third wife, LUCCHINO Visconti of Milan, son of MATTEO [I] Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Violanta di Borri (-murdered
Milan 24 Jan 1349).]

3.[MANFREDO] (-before 14 Jul
1325). "Manfredus IV marchio Salutiarum" donated property on
the death of "filio suo Mainfredo" by charter dated 14 Jul
1325[612].
This charter is difficult to understand. Manfred, son of Marchese Manfredo IV,
is named in documents after this date. The birth of his younger brother
Teodoro is estimated to [1313/14], therefore it appears unlikely that there was
a second son named Manfredo born after the death of his older brother of the
same name. It is assumed that "filio suo Mainfredo" in this
document is an error for another name.]

j)PANTISALEA (-[after 29 Aug 1387]).
Neither Pantisalea nor Anna are named in their father´s 1357 testament, which
suggests either that they may not have been his legitimate daughters, or that
they were twins born posthumously (although this latter possibility seems
unlikely given the birth dates estimated for their oldest sister and brother).
"Enrico Signore di Quart" gave a quittance dated 23 Mar
1363 to "Marchese Federico di Saluzzo" for payment of the
dowry of "Pantisalea sua sorella, futtura Sposa di detto Signor di Quart"[686].
"Pantasilea, vedova di Enrico signore di Quart (Valle d´Aosta)"
sold her husband´s property to Amedée VI Comte de Savoie, and the latter
approved the agreement by charter dated 15 Sep 1378[687]. Pope Clement
VII approved the testament of "Enrico Signore di Quart", by
which he bequeathed all his property to "Pentasilea di Saluzzo sua
moglie", by bull dated 29 Aug 1387[688].
m (after 23 Mar 1363) to ENRICO Signore di Quart, son of --- (-before 15
Sep 1378).

k)ANNA . The primary source which
confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Neither Pantisalea nor
Anna are named in their father´s 1357 testament, which suggests either that
they may not have been his legitimate daughters, or that they were twins born
posthumously (although this latter possibility seems unlikely given the birth
dates estimated for their oldest sister and brother). Nun at Revello.

2.daughter . mPIETRO Cambiano Signore di Ruffia.

Marchese Federigo I had one illegitimate child by an unknown
mistress:

m firstly (1481) his
first cousin, GIOVANNA di Monferrato,
daughter of GUGLIELMO X Marchese di Monferrato & his second wife Elisabetta
Sforza of Milan ([1473]-end 1490). Her marriage is confirmed by the testament
of her husband "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated 6
Feb 1498, which bequeathes property to "…Margaritæ comitissæ Montis
majoris eius filiæ ex quondam…domina Joanna de Monteferrato…"[714]. The reversion
of Monferrato to the Saluzzo family, in case of extinction of the former in the
male line, was a condition of this marriage contract[715].

m secondly (1492) MARGUERITE de Foix-Candale, daughter of JEAN de Foix Comte de Candale & his wife --- (-1534). A continuation of the Chronica
Jacobi de Aquis records that "Ludovico", son of "Ludovico…Marchese
di Salucio", married "Margarita" but does not give
her parentage[716].
The testament of "Dominus Ludovicus Marchio Salutiarum", dated
6 Feb 1498, bequeathes property to "dominæ Margaritæ de Fuxo eius
consorti…"[717].

ii)ISOLDA (-Trani [1255]). The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia
records that "uxor eius [referring to "Bertholdus Marchio
de Honebruch"] Isolda filia Marchionis Lanceæ" died at
Trani, dated to [1255] from the context[801].
mBERTHOLD [III] von Vohburg Markgraf von Hohenburg,
son of DIEPOLD [VII] Markgraf von Vohburg & his second wife Mechtild von
Wasserburg (-[2 Feb 1256/Sep 1257]). He was created Conte d'Ascoli in 1251.
Konrad King of Sicily appointed him ambassador to the court at Nikaia with a
view to negotiating the return of some members of the Lancia family who had
sought refuge with their relative Empress Anna after the death of Emperor
Friedrich II[802].
Grand Marshall of the Kingdom of Sicily. He was appointed Regent of Sicily for
Konradin King of Sicily in 1254, but was displaced by Manfred von
Hohenstaufen. He died in prison[803].

iii)GIACOMO (-after 1269). Signor di Cassaro.

b)GUGLIELMO (-after 1265). Gastaldo di Messina.

c)BIANCA Lancia ([1205/12][804]-[1233/34]). The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum
et Pontificum refers to the mother of "Manfredus" as
"sorore marchionis Lancee…filia domne Blanca"[805]. The Historia
Sicula of Bartolomeo di Neocastro names "domina Blanca…de Lancea de
Lombardia" as the fifth wife of "dominus Fridericus
secundus…Romanorum…imperator"[806].
The Historia Manuscrita Mediolanensi records that Emperor Friedrich II
married "filiam Bonefacii Castellani" by whom he fathered
"Regem Manfredum"[807].
A "confirmatio matrimonii in articulo mortis" in [1233/34] is
recorded by Matthew of Paris, in the form of a declaration of her son Manfred[808]. The Cronica
Fratris Salimbene de Adam refers to the mother of "Manfredus…filius
Friderici" as "marchionis Lancee neptis", specifying
that she married the Emperor "in obitu"[809]. Mistress ([1231/34]) of Emperor FRIEDRICH II,
son of Emperor HEINRICH VI & his wife Constance of Sicily (Iesi, Ancona 26
Dec 1194-Castel Fiorentino near Lucera, Foggia, 13 Dec 1250, bur 25 Feb 1251
Palermo Cathedral).

f)AGNESE . The Historia
Manuscrita Mediolanensi records that "Bonefacii Castellani"
had three daughters, of whom one married "de Torniellis" by
whom she had "quatuor filii…Comes Gualvagnus, Comes Lanza, Comes
Frerinus et Torellus…qui genuit Guavalgnum de Torniellis"[810]. mOTTONE Tornielli,
from Novara.

g)ISABELLA . The Historia
Manuscrita Mediolanensi records that "Bonefacii Castellani"
had three daughters, of whom the third married "Uberto de Andito sive
de Lando Placentino" by whom she had "Comes Gualvagnus de quo
natus est Ubertinus et Manfredus"[811].
mUBERTINO Lardi
Conte di Venafro.

h)FEDERIGO (-[1298/99]). The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia
records that Konrad IV King of Germany and Sicily expelled "Gualvanum
Lanceam", who had been appointed "vicarium suum in Tuscia"
by Emperor Friedrich II, "Fredericum…Lanceam fratrem eius et Bonifacium
de Anglone ipsius principis [referring to the future Manfredo King of
Sicily] avunculum…omnesque ipsius consanguineus, et affines ex parte materna"
from his kingdom, dated to [1253] from the context[812]. Conte di Squillace.
The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that the future Manfredo King
of Sicily invested "Fredericum Lanceam fratrem…Gualvani avunculi sui"
with "comitatu Squillacii", dated to [1254/55] from the
context, and recording his installation as such in Feb 1256 in a later passage[813]. Viceroy of Apulia. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records that "comes Fredericus
Lancea" was installed as "vicarius Siciliæ" in 1255
"ex parte principis"[814].
The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Princeps
Manfredus" installed "Fredericum Lanceam avunculum suum"
as "Vicarium generalum in Calabria et Sicilia" and sent him
"in Calabriam" in Feb 1256[815].
The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that "comes Federicus
Lancea germanus quondam Galvani" opposed Charles I King of Sicily at
"castrum Sali…in Calabria", in 1268 from the context[816].

The precise relationship between the following individuals
and the Lancia family has not yet been ascertained.

2.GIORDANO di Anglono. Conte di
Sanseverino. The Istoria of Saba Malaspina records that
"Manfredus" invested "Jordanum de Anglano
consanguineum suum" with "comitatum Sancti Severini",
after expelling "Rogerio comite", and sent him "in
Thusciam"[820].
The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "comes
Jordanus" deprived "episcopum Capaducii de castro Agropoli",
which was restored to the bishop[821].

Two [probable] brothers:

1.FEDERIGO Maletta (-killed
[1258/59]). The Nicolai de
Jamsilla Historia records that "Fredericus Maletta principis
avunculus" was installed as "Luceria capitaneus" and
was sent "in Capitanata" by the future Manfredo King of Sicily in early 1256[822].
Conte di
Apice. The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records
that King Manfredo had granted "comitatum…Apicii…cum castrum S. Severi"
to "comes Fredericus Maletta" at the time of his marriage[823]. The Istoria
of Saba Malaspina names "Fredericum Malecta comitem Bizani
consanguineum suum" as one of the advisers of Manfredo King of Sicily,
dated to [late 1264/early 1265] from the context[824]. The monk
Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records that "comes Fredericus Malecta"
was appointed "capitaneus Siciliæ" in 1257 and in the same
year was killed "a Theobaldo Theutonico"[825], although the
passage is probably misdated as it follows the report of King Manfred´s
coronation as king which is dated to Aug 1258 from other sources.

a)ISABELLA Maletta. The primary source which confirms her
parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m as his first wife, JEAN [II] de Montfort Conte di Squillace e
Montescaglioso, son of PHILIPPE de Montfort-l'Amaury Seigneur de Castres et de
la Ferté-Alais & his wife Jeanne de Levis (-Foggia [1/3] Dec 1300, bur Foggia, transferred 29 Jun 1305 to Castres).

GALVANO Lancia,
son of MANFREDO [II] Lancia Marchese di Busca & his wife Bianca Maletta
(-beheaded Naples, Piazza del Mercato 29 Oct 1268). Podestà di Padova. The Chronica of Rolandino Patavino names "Galvano Lanzea
comiti de Panego civi Veronensi…de progenie marchionis de Este" as potestas
of Padua in 1243[828]. His relationship to the Este family has not yet been traced. Vicario
Imperiale in Toscana. The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that
Konrad IV King of Germany and Sicily expelled "Gualvanum Lanceam",
who had been appointed "vicarium suum in Tuscia" by Emperor
Friedrich II, "Fredericum…Lanceam fratrem eius et Bonifacium de Anglone
ipsius principis [referring to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] avunculum…omnesque
ipsius consanguineus, et affines ex parte materna" from his kingdom,
dated to [1253] from the context[829].
The Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia records that "Saraceni"
sent legates to "Gualvanum Lanceam avunculum Principis" [referring
to the future Manfredo King of Sicily] during the period when Manfredo was
plotting to seize the kingdom, dated to [1254/55] from the context[830]. Conte di Salerno, Conte di Fondi,
Grand Marshall of Sicily Feb 1256: the Nicolai de Jamsilla Historia
records that "Gualvanus Lancea Principis avunculus" was
installed as "comes principatus Salernitani et Magnus Regni Siciliæ
Marescallus" in Feb 1256 by the future Manfredo King of Sicily[831]. The Istoria
of Saba Malaspina names "Galvanus Lancea comes Principatus et Fundorum,
marescallus regni" [referring to Manfredo King of Sicily] when
recording that he besieged "castrum Monticuli" which had been
captured by "Corrado de Antiochia comes Alba, regis eiusdem nepos"[832]. The Istoria
of Saba Malaspina records that "Galvanum et filium, Corradum etiam de
Antiochia" were captured by Charles Comte d´Anjou after the battle of Tagliacozzo, Abruzzi, dated to Aug 1268[833].
Galvano was beheaded with Konradin von Hohenstaufen ex-King of Sicily, Duke of Swabia. The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus
records the capture in 1268 of "Galvagno Lancia" and
his death in Rome with his two sons[834].
The Book of Fees of Charles I King of Sicily records that "comes
Galvanus" held "casale S. Cicilie in tenimento Eboli",
which the king restored to monastery of San Pietro di Eboli, adding that the
king granted "Ebolum" to "comiti Flandrie"[835].

1.BARTOLOMEO (-beheaded Naples, Piazza del Mercato 29 Oct 1268). The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de
Temporibus records the capture in 1268 of "Galvagno Lancia" and his death in Rome with his two sons[836]. Galvano was
beheaded with Konradin von Hohenstaufen ex-King of Sicily, Duke of Swabia.

2.ISOTTA (-1254). The Chronica of
Rolandino Patavino records the recent marriage of "Ecelinus" and
"dompnum Galvanum Lanzeam…sororem" and their divorce in 1244[837]. The chronology
appears more consistent with Isotta being the daughter not sister of Galvano,
but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been
identified. m (divorced 1244) as his
second wife, EZZELINO
[V] da Romano Podestà of Verona, Vicario Imperiale della Marca di Verona, son of EZZELINO [IV] da
Romano & his second wife Aleida di Mangono (6 Apr 1194-in jail Sarcino 27
Sep 1259).

a)CORRADO "de Castel
Minardo" (-[1328]). The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that "un
jeune enfant, fils de comte et parent de la reine…Corral Llança" left
southern Italy for Catalonia with Constanza of Sicily when she married the
future Pedro III King of Aragon (in 1262)[840].
Signor di Longhi e Ficarra. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that
"Corral Llança" commanded a fleet of galleons to enforce
payment of tribute to Aragon from "le roi de Grenade, le roi de
Trémésen et le roi de Tunis"[841].
m ---. The name of Corrado's wife is
not known. Corrado & his wife had two children:

b)MARGHERITA ([1260/68]-). The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records
that "une des sœurs de Corral Llança encore toute jeune"
accompanied her brother to Catalonia (in 1262) and later married "Roger
de Luria"[843].
m (1273) as his first wife, ROGER
de Lauria Grand Admiral of Aragon and Sicily, son of --- di
Lauria & his wife Bella --- (-1305).

ANSELMO del Vasto, son of BONIFAZIO Marchese del Vasto & his [first/second] wife
[Alix de Savoie/Agnès de Vermandois] (-after 1140). "Bonifacius marchio"
appointed "filiis suos Maginfredum et Wilielmum adque Ugonem necnon
Anselmum…et Anricum et Bonefacium minorem atque Odonem" as his heirs but
disinherited "Bonifacium…incixie nominatum" by charter dated
1125[846].
That he may have been born from the first marriage of his father is suggested
by the charter dated 1196 under which his son "Bonifacius marchio de
Cravexana" confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Stefano by
"comitissa Adalasia avia mea"[847]. However, this
charter could also refer to Bonifazio´s maternal grandmother, mother of
Anselmo´s wife who is not otherwise known. "Marchiones filii domni
Bonefatii…Manfredus, Wilielmus, Ugo, Anselmus, Enricus, Oddo Bouarius"
donated property to the monastery of Staffarda by charter dated 9 Dec 1138[848]. A charter
dated 1140 records the agreement between the people of Genoa and "marchiones
filios Bonefacii…Manfredum et Hugonem et Anselmum et Henricum et Ottonem",
promising not to make war secretly with "Oberto comite Vintimillii"
with the permission of Genoa[849].
Marchese di Ceva: a charter dated 22 Dec 1142 records the division of
territories agreed between "Marchiones de Vasto…Mainfredum, Willielmum,
Hugonem, Anselmum, Heinricum, Bonifacium et Oddonem filios quondam Bonifacii
marchionis", under which Anselmo took "marchionatus Ceve"[850].

m ---. The name of
Anselmo's wife is not known. Her son "Bonifacius marchio de Cravexana"
confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Stefano by "comitissa
Adalasia avia mea"[851].
As noted above, it is not known whether this document refers to Bonifazio´s
maternal or paternal grandmother.

mCOMITISSA, daughter of --- (-after 1181). A
charter dated 17 Oct 1181 records the settlement of a dispute between "dominum
Henricum Marchionem Saonensium et dominam Comitissam uxorem eius, et suos
filios…Odonum et Henricum" and "consules Nauli…"[962]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[963],
Beatrice
di Monferrato, widow of Guigues [VII] Dauphin de Viennois Comte d'Albon, daughter of Guglielmo V Marchese di Monferrato married secondly Enrico
[I] del Carretto Marchese di Finale "il Guercio". The difficulties
concerning her parentage and supposed first marriage are fully discussed
above. The only primary source which indicates this second marriage appears to
be the late 13th/14th century Vida of the poet Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
which describes her as sister of Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato and states
that she married to "Enric del Caret"[964]. However,
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras himself calls her "filha del marques" in
the famous 'Carros', Truan, mala guerra, composed in [1200/01], which
emphasises her youth[965],
seeming to suggest that the Beatrice in question must have been the daughter
not sister of Marchese Bonifazio. The identity of her husband "Enric del Caret" has not been established, assuming that the marriages of
Enrico [II] di Caretto are correct as shown below in this document.

c)[--- . His parentage is confirmed by the testament of "Bonifacius
marchio de Carreto", dated Feb 1285, which refers to "castri
et loci Bublii…quæ fuit quondam D. Oddi marchionis de Carretto avi mei"[984]. It is not
known whether the father of Bonifazio and Guillermo was either of Ottone´s
named sons Ugo or Enrico.] m ---. Two
children:

1.MANFREDO (-after 11 Dec 1262). Marchese
di Caretto. A charter dated 11 Dec 1262 records the receipt of money by
the proxy of "domini Manfredi marchionis de Carreto"[1001]. m ---. The name of Manfredo´s wife is not
known. Manfredo & his wife had two children:

1.[MANFREDO. The parents of Manfredo have not been
identified but it is likely that he was a member of the Caretto branch of this
family. Marchese di Savona Signore di Novello e Sineo. m (contract, 7 Oct 1324, ratified 14 Dec 1325)
as her first husband, ALICE de Savoie,
daughter of PHILIPPE de Savoie Prince of Achaia & his first wife Isabelle de Villehardouin Pss of Achaia (-1368). The "community of Novello and Sineo"
ratified the marriage contract between "Manfreddo di Caretto
Marchese di Savona Signore di detti luoghi" and "Alasia figlia
di Filippo di Savoia Principe d'Accaja" by charter dated 14 Dec 1325[1070].

c)[ALERAMO (-after 17 Aug 1131). "Anselmus
Marchio filius b. m. Hugonis Marchionis et Adalasia comitissa filia Ubaldi cum
Villelmo et Manfredo ipsorum filiis" founded the monastery of Tilieto
"in loco et fundo Boschi" by charter dated 17 Aug 1131 which
states the boundaries of the property "ex una parte Aledramus Marchio,
ex alia parte Vermus…", and confirms the consent of "Aledramus
seu --- […Berta] atque Alberto uxor matris Agnes"[1085]. It is assumed
that Aleramo was another brother of Anselmo but this is not stated explicitly
in the document. The hypothesis appears to be corroborated by the confirmation
granted by Pope Innocent II dated 1132 which records the foundation of Tilieto
by "Azonis Aquensi episcopi et fratris eius…Ansermi Marchionis…et matre
sua nec non fratribus, filiis et uxoribus suis"[1086].] same
person as…?ALERAMO [Marchese di Ponzono] . No proof has been found of this
co-identity except that the family of the Marchesi di Ponzono were clearly
related to the Aleramici dynasty and no other Marchese Aleramo has been
identified at that time.

1.ELENA di Bosco (-after 1179). The Chronica Jacobi de Aquis,
dated to 1334, names "la figliola del Marchese del Bosco" as
the first wife of "Bonifacio"[1098]. The primary
source which confirms her name and the name of her father has not yet been
identified. 1179. She may have been a sister of Anselmo Marchese di Bosco,
although this must remain speculative as so little definite information is known
about the chronology of the births of the members of this family. m (before 1171) as his first wife, BONIFAZIO di Monferrato, son of GUGLIELMO
V "il Vecchio" Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Judith of
Austria [Babenberg] (1150-killed in battle 4 Sep 1207). He succeeded his
brother in 1192 as BONIFAZIO I Marchese di
Monferrato.

It is assumed that the following two brothers were sons of
one of the brothers Anselmo, Delfino or Ardiccio, sons of Guglielmo Marchese di
Bosco, but no primary source has yet been identified which specifies their
parentage exactly.

1.OTTONE (-after 3 Dec 1229). "…Ottone
de Bosco…" witnessed the charter dated 21 Aug 1203 which records an
agreement between Guglielmo Marchese di Monferrato and the city of Alexandria[1100]. Marchese
di Bosco. The commune of Terdona returned property to "D. Othoni
marchioni de Bosco" by charter dated 7 Feb 1206[1101]. "D.
Otho marchio de Bosco" sold Puzzole to the commune of Terdona by
charter dated 1 Nov 1210[1102].
A charter dated 1212 records the position taken by "D. Otto marchio de
Bosco" in a dispute with Alessandria concerning "villam et
locum Boschi", recording that he had succeeded "Henricus de
Ponzono…D. Poncius de Ponzono" in certain land[1103]. The Commune
of Genoa invested "Othoni Marchioni de Bosco et Wilelmo filio vestro et
Manfredo et Corrado fratribus filiis q. Bonifacii nepotis vestri" with
property by charter dated 7 Jul 1224[1104].
"Dominus Otto de Bosco" arbitrated a dispute involving the
priory of Santa Maria di Rivello by charter dated 3 Dec 1229[1105]. m ---. The name of Ottone´s wife is not known.
Ottone & his wife had three children:

1.TOMMASO Malaspina . The Chronica
Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Thomas Malaspina" as
the son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana" and his wife[1122]. m ---. The name of Tommaso´s wife is not known.
Tommaso & his wife had children:

a)ISNARDO Malaspina . The Chronica
Jacobi de Aquis, dated to 1334, names "Isnardus, Odonus, Conradus,
Fredericus et Gulielmus" as the sons of "Thomas Malaspina",
son of "D. Fredericus Malaspina de Lurizana", adding that
"Isnardus…tenuit marchionatum"[1123]. Marchese
di Bosco. m ---. The name of
Isnardo´s wife is not known. Isnardo & his wife had children:

1.PIETRO (-after 15 Apr 1210). It
is likely that Pietro was the son either of Enrico or Pietro, sons of Aleramo,
who are shown above. "D. Pontius Marchio Ponzoni…et pro suo nepote D.
Henrico et pro suo consanguineo D. Petro" donated "castri
Ponzoni" to the town of Acqui by charter dated 15 Apr 1210[1184]. [A charter
dated 1212 records the position taken by "D. Otto marchio de Bosco"
in a dispute with Alessandria concerning "villam et locum Boschi",
recording that he had succeeded "Henricus de Ponzono…D. Poncius de
Ponzono" in certain land[1185].]

PIETRO . Enrico is
named as father of Giacopo and Enrico in the charter dated 20 May 1236 which is
quoted below. He could have been either Pietro, son of Aleramo, or Pietro
"consanguineus" of Pontio, both of whom are shown above. Marchese
di Ponzono.

ENRICO di Ponzono, son of ---. Enrico is named as father of Emmanuele in the
charter dated 20 May 1236 which is quoted below. He could have been one of
three persons: Enrico, son of Ugo, Enrico son of the same Enrico, or Enrico son
of Aleramo, all of whom are shown above. Marchese di Ponzono.

2.ENRICO . Marchese di Ponzono.
The commune of Asti granted property to "Dominus Oddonus Marchio de
Carretto et Manfredinus eius filius" by charter dated Aug 1313, among
which property held by "Dominus Albertinus Marchio de Pulzono…Dominus
Enricus Marchio de Pulzono"[1218].
m ---. The name of Enrico´s wife is not
known. Enrico & his wife had one child:

a)BORELLO (-after 12 Feb 1334). A
charter dated 12 Feb 1334 records a treaty between Robert I King of Sicily and "Manfredum
marchionem Salutianum et eius filios Manfredum, Theodorum, et Bonifacium",
naming "Borralus filius Henrici marchionis de Ponzono" as one
of their representatives[1219].

[105] Kehew, R. (ed.) (2005) The
Lark in the Morning: The Verses of the Troubadours (Chicago and London), pp. 132-37, information provided by Dr Marianne Gilchrist in a private email to
the author dated 10 Feb 2007.