Cancer - vulva

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Overview Vulvar cancer is cancer that starts in the vulva, the outside part of the female reproductive system that includes the labia and clitoris. The vulva opens into the vagina.

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Causes *Adenocarcinoma and Basal cell carcinoma
*Melanoma and Sarcoma and Diabetes
*High blood pressure and History of cervical cancer or vaginal cancer
*HPV infection and Syphilis infection and Obesity Vulvar cancer most often affects the labia, the folds of skin outside the vagina. In some cases, vulvar cancer may start on the clitoris or in glands on the sides of the vagina opening. Most vulvar cancers begin in skin cells called squamous cells. The others are classified as:

Tests & diagnosis *Biopsy
*Pelvic examination to look for any skin changes The following are used to diagnose vulvar cancer:

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Treatment Treatment involves surgery to remove the cancer cells. If the tumor is large (more than 2 cm) or has grown deeply into the skin, the lymph nodes in the groin area may also be removed.
Radiation, with or without chemotherapy, may be used to treat advanced tumors or vulvar cancer that comes back.

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Prognosis Most women with vulvar cancer who are diagnosed and treated at an early stage do well.
However, a woman's outcome depends on the size of the tumor, the specific type of vulvar cancer, and whether the cancer has spread. The cancer commonly comes back at or near the site of the original tumor.

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Complications *Spread of the cancer to other areas of the body
*Side effects of radiation, surgery, or chemotherapy

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When to contact a doctor Call your health care provider if you have any of these symptoms for more than 2 weeks:

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Prevention Practicing safe sex may decrease your risk of vulvar cancer. This includes using condoms to protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
A new vaccine is available to protect against certain forms of HPV infection. The vaccine is approved to prevent cervical cancer and pre-cancers. It may help prevent other cancers linked to HPV, such as vulvar cancer.
The vaccine is given to young girls before they become sexually active, and to adolescents and women up to age 26.Routine pelvic exams can help diagnose vulvar and other cancers at an earlier stage. Earlier diagnosis improves the odds of treatment success.