Proceedings Paper

We present a systematic analysis of ultra-sensitive molecular detection methods based on an optical cavity and frequency modulation spectroscopy. Our goal is towards the improvement of the limiting attainable performance by the choice of optical configuration, sample gas pressure, laser mode size, laser intensity, and detection method was discussed. The application of sensitive detection techniques emphasized here is for laser frequency stabilization, leading to better optical frequency standards and clocks.application of sensitive detection techniques emphasized here is for laser frequency stabilization, leading to better optical frequency standards and clocks.