Afro-Eurasia
Coordinates: 21°30′00″N 86°30′00″E﻿ / ﻿21.5000°N
86.5000°E﻿ / 21.5000; 86.5000Afro-EurasiaArea
84,980,532 km2 (32,811,167 sq mi)Population
6,151,810,000 (2013)Demonym
Afro-Eurasian,EurafrasianCountries
147Dependencies
17Afro-Eurasia,[1] Afroeurasia,[2] or Eurafrasia,[3] nicknamed the World
Island, is a landmass which can be subdivided into
AfricaAfrica and Eurasia
(which can be further subdivided into
AsiaAsia and Europe). These three
continents form the largest contiguous landmass on Earth
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TrialetianTrialetianTrialetian is the name for an Upper Paleolithic-
EpipaleolithicEpipaleolithic stone
tool industry from the area south of the Caucasus Mountains[1] and to
the northern Zagros Mountains. It is tentatively dated to the period
between 16,000 / 13,000 BP and 8,000 BP.[2] The name of the
archaeological culture derives from sites in the district of Trialeti
in south Georgian
KhramiKhrami river basin. These sites include
Barmaksyzkaya and Edzani-Zurtaketi,.[3] In Edzani, an Upper
PaleolithicPaleolithic site, a significant percentage of the artifacts are made
of obsidian.[4]
The Caucasian-Anatolian area of
TrialetianTrialetian culture was adjacent to the
Iraqi-Iranian
Zarzian cultureZarzian culture to the east and south as well as the
Levantine Natufian to the southwest.[5] Alan H
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Halfan Culture
The Halfan industry is one of the Late
EpipalaeolithicEpipalaeolithic industries of
the
Nile ValleyNile Valley that began to appear by 19,000-17,000 BP.[1] It is one
of the earliest known backed-bladelet industries in Northern Africa,
largely dating between 19,000 and 14,000 BP in
NubiaNubia and Egypt.[2]
The Halfan was formerly seen as the parent culture of the
IberomaurusianIberomaurusian industry in the Maghreb. Since the earliest
IberomaurusianIberomaurusian is dated to ≥ 23,950 BP, it is more likely that the
Halfan culture is descended from Ibero-maurusian culture. The Halfan
culture is believed to have descended from the Khormusan Culture [3]
[4] which depended on specialized hunting, fishing, and collecting
techniques for survival.
The Halfan people survived on a diet of large herd animals and the
Khormusan tradition of fishing
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Zarzian CultureZarzian cultureZarzian culture is an archaeological culture of late
PaleolithicPaleolithic and
MesolithicMesolithic in Southwest Asia.
The period of the culture is estimated to have existed about
18,000–8,000 BCE. It was preceded by the
Baradostian culture in the
same region and was related to the Imereti culture[citation needed] of
the Caucasus.
The culture was named and recognised of the cave of Zarzi in Iraqi
Kurdistan.
Here were found plenty of microliths (up to 20% finds). Their forms
are short and asymmetric trapezoids, and triangles with hollows.
Andy Burns states "The Zarzian of the Zagros region of Iran is
contemporary with the
NatufianNatufian but different from it. The only dates
for the entire Zarzian come from Palegawra Cave, and date to
17,300-17,000BP, but it is clear that it is broadly contemporary with
the Levantine Kebaran, with which it shares features
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Iberomaurusian
The
IberomaurusianIberomaurusian ("of Iberia and Mauritania"; it was once believed
that it extended into Spain) or Oranian is a backed bladelet lithic
industry found throughout North Africa.[1] Its name, meaning "of
Iberia and Mauritania", is based on Pallary (1909)'s belief[2] that it
extended over the strait of Gibraltar into Spain and Portugal, a
theory now generally discounted (Garrod 1938).[3]
Pallary (1909) originally described the industry based on material
found at the site of Abri Mouillah.[2] Because the name of the
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Hamburg Culture
The
HamburgHamburg culture or Hamburgian (15,500-13,100 BP) was a Late Upper
PaleolithicPaleolithic culture of reindeer hunters in northwestern Europe during
the last part of the Weichsel Glaciation beginning during the Bölling
interstadial.[1] Sites are found close to the ice caps of the time.[2]
The
HamburgHamburg Culture has been identified at many places, for example,
the settlement at Meiendorf and Ahrensburg[3] north of Hamburg,
Germany. It is characterized by shouldered points and zinken tools,
which were used as chisels when working with antler. In later periods
tanged Havelte-type points appear, sometimes described as most of all
a northwestern phenomenon
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Eburran IndustryEburran industry is the name of the East African tool assemblage from
13,000 BCE and thereafter around
Lake NakuruLake Nakuru in the Ol Doinyo Eburru
volcano complex (name giving) in the Rift Valley in Kenya.[1]
The culture was a time known as "Kenyan Capsian" because the findings
resemble those of the North African
CapsianCapsian trans-Saharan culture. It
was also formerly called "Kenyan Aurignacian".
The assemblages, as recovered from Gamble's Cave and Nderit Drift,
comprise large backed blades, crescentric microliths, burins, and
end-scrapers
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Qadan Culture
The
Qadan cultureQadan culture (13,000-9,000 BC) was an ancient culture that,
archaeological evidence suggests, originated in
Upper EgyptUpper Egypt (present
day south Egypt) approximately 15,000 years ago [1][2]. This way of
life is estimated to have persisted for approximately 4,000 years, and
was characterized by hunting, as well as a unique approach to food
gathering that incorporated the preparation and consumption of wild
grasses and grains.[1][2] Systematic efforts were made by the Qadan
people to water, care for, and harvest local plant life, but grains
were not planted in ordered rows
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