LAB LAB LOOOOOOVE!!!

I perform most faithfully the

DESPAIR, FRENZY and HEAVENLY EXALTATION were

others expressed in music and poetry.The range of expression was broadened in Romanticmusic can be seen in the expression marks that cameinto being at this time: Con forza e passione(with force and passion) Espressivo (expressively) Misterioso (mysteriously) Dolente (Sadly) Maestoso (majestically) Presto furioso (fast and furious)

Music of the Romantic Period

The Romantic era spans from 1820 A.D. up until 1900A.D. It can be characterized by the individuality of style.Emphasizes self-expression and individuality incompositional style. The music is generally very programmatic, where theinstrumental music depicts a story, idea or a poem..(e.g., Smetenas The Moldau depicts scenes along theMoldau River) Nationalism becomes important during this era, wherecomposers created music using folk song, history and

The Orchestra expanded due to the growing size of

Huge technological improvements in musical

instruments sprungwhich made them moreflexible and accurate. New sounds were created/used in all instruments. Flutes were required to play in breathy , lowregisters; Violins were asked to strike the strings with the woodofthe bow col legno. All instruments were required to play with morevirtuosity.

MelodyMelody is more flexible and irregular in shape than in theClassical period; long, singable lines with powerful climaxesand chromatic inflections for expressiveness.HarmonyGreater use of chromaticism makes the harmony richer andmore colorful; sudden shifts to remote chords for expressivepurposes; prolonged dissonance conveys feelings of anxietyand longing.

RhythmRhythms are free and relaxed, occasionally obscuring themeter; tempo can fluctuate greatly (tempo rubato) andsometimes slows to a crawl to allow for the grand gesture.ColorThe orchestra becomes enormous, reaching upward of onehundred performers; trombone, tuba, contrabassoon, piccoloand English horn were added to the ensemble; experimentswith new playing techniques for special effects; dynamicsvary widely to create extreme levels of expression; pianobecomes larger and more powerful.

TexturePredominantly homophonic but dense and rich because oflarger orchestras and orchestral scores; sustaining pedal onthe piano also adds to density.FormComposers wrote musical miniatures as well as monumentalpieces. Some genres are carried over from classicism, butare more greatly exploited, such as sonatas and symphonies.A few new forms are invented.

Art Song It is standardly a composition for solo voice and piano.Poetry and music are thus intimately fused. The best Art Song composers of the Romantic era includeSchubert, Schumann and Brahms. The Art Songs based on German texts tended to favour thepoets Heine and Goethe. The song composers interpret the poems, translating t heirmood and atmosphere into music.

Types of Art Songs

Strophic

Str

The same music is used for each stanza. Like a hymn

in structure.

Through-composedNew music for each stanza. Allowing music to reflectchanging moods in the poem.

Song Cyclescontains several art songs, grouped into a set. Oftenunified by a s ingle story line. i.e. : Schuberts TheWinter Journey

Ludwig Van Beethoven

(1770-1827) Beethoven was born on or about December 16, 1770 in thecity of Bonn in the Electorate of Cologne, a principality ofthe Holy Roman Empire. He was baptized on December 17, 1770. He has two younger brothers, Caspar, born in 1774, andJohann, born in 1776. Beethoven's mother, Maria Magdalena van Beethoven, was aslender, genteel, and deeply moralistic woman. His father, Johann van Beethoven, was a mediocre courtsinger better known for his alcoholism than any musicalability.

Beethoven's father began teaching him music with an

extraordinary rigor and brutality that affected him for therest of his life. He had his first recital on March 26, 1778. Billed as a littleson of six years, Attended a Latin grade school, Tirocinium. Music comes to me more readily than words, (Beethoven). In 1781, he withdrew from school to study music full timewith Christian Gottlob Neefe, the newly appointed CourtOrganist. In 1787, the court sent Beethoven toVienna , where he hopedto study with Mozart. He composed a cantata when the Holy Roman EmperorJoseph II died in 1790. He was 19 years by then.

In 1792, Beethoven decided to leave his hometown for

Vienna once again. He studied piano with Haydn, vocal composition withAntonio Salieri and counterpoint Johan Albrechtsberger. Beethoven made his long-awaited public debut in Vienna onMarch 29, 1795. On April 2, 1800, he debuted his Symphony No. 1in C majorat the Royal Imperial Theater in Vienna. His Six String Quartets. published in 1801. Also composed THE CREATURES OF PROMETHUES in1801, a wildly popular ballet that received 27 performancesat the Imperial Court Theater. Beethoven debuted his Symphony No. 3 in Napoleonshonor.

I must confess that I

lead a miserable life. Foralmost two years I haveceased to attend anysocial functions, justbecause I find itimpossible to say topeople: I am deaf. If Ihad any otherprofession, I might be

Despite his rapidly progressing deafness, Beethoven

continued to compose at a furious pace. From 1803-1812,what is known as his middle or heroic period, hecomposed: Five sets of piano An operavariations Four overtures Six symphonies Four trios Four solo concertos Two sextets Five string quartets And 72 songs Six string sonatas Seven piano sonatas

Beethoven as the BRIDGING

GAP between Classical andRomantic MusicBeethoven is one of the greatest composers of all time. Hiscompositions broke barriers, brought about the romantic era inclassical, and were influenced by what was going on aroundhim. Beethoven's stylistic innovations bridge theClassicalandRomanticperiods. The works of his early period broughtthe Classical form to its highest expressive level, expanding informal, structural, and harmonic terms the musical idiomdeveloped by predecessors such asMozartandHaydn. Theworks of his middle and late periods were even more forwardlooking, appropriately being categorized in and contributing tothe musical language and thinking of theRomanticera, directlyinspiring other Romantic composers such asFrdric

3 Phases of Beethovens career

1st Phase (1770-1802): His music was strongly influenced by Mozart and Haydn. He wrote his first two Piano concertos, first twosymphonies, string quartets Op. 18 and first 10 pianosonatas.c2nd Phase (1802-1815): In this period he was going deaf. HE greatly expanded upon existing forms and infused hismusic with HEROIC EXPRESSION. Works include KREUTZER SONATA for violin and Piano;his only violin concerto; 3rd, 4th and 5th piano concertos;Some of his greatest piano sonatas, Les Adieux,Waldstein and Appasionata

3rd Phase (1815-1827)

He was now totally deaf He departs substantially from establishedconventions, both in form and in style. His works include the 9th symphony, theMissa Solemnis, and the late piano sonatasand string quartets

Works of Beethoven

Beethoven, used classical forms and techniques but gave

them new POWER and INTENSITY. His works convey TENSION and EXCITEMENT throughsyncopations and dissonances There is an enormous range of expression in his works:tempo, dynamic and expressive indications are marked farmore extensively in his scores than his predecessors. He had markings such as <p He unified the movements of his symphonies, sonatas andstring quartets One movement leads directly into another without a pause(attaca).

Many of his movements use sonata form, but the development

sections used the coda and greatly expanded. He uses the SCHERZO rather than the MINUET for the 3rdmovement of his pieces. His MOST FAMOUS WORKS are his 9 SYMPHONIES. In some of his symphonies, he adds piccolos, trombones andcontrabassoon. The odd-numbered symphonies are more forceful, whereas theeven-numbered symphonies are very calm and lyrical. His Symphony No. 9 is the FIRST up to that time in musichistory to use a choir, which we hear in the Ode to Joy finalemovement. He wrote 32 piano sonatas; 16 string quartets, 5 pianoconcertos, 1 opera (Fidelio), 1 ballet, 1 violin concerto and 2masses.

Beethovens Symphony no. 3

Eroica Symphony- it was intended to reflect on the life ofNapoleon. However, Beethoven scratched out its dedicationto Napoleon when he found out that the general had invadedAustria. This symphony was the longest symphony evercomposed at the time of its premiere.

Symphony no. 5Beethoven unifies all contrasting movements. The firstfour-note motif is used extensively in first movement andthird movements. The third movement theme reappears inthe finale. The last two movements are connected by abridge. This contrasting element that he retained byemploying the motif in all four movements of Symphony no. 5is known as a CELL