In your answer about ailerons, you mentioned that M. Boulton patented the device in 1868. Can you tell me
more about him? At least what is his first name and where did he do his aviation work?- question from Jim Thompson

The question wherein M. P. W. Boulton was first mentioned discussed the origins of the
aileron. The aileron is the part of an aircraft that controls its ability
to roll the wings up and down. One of these control surfaces is located on each wingtip, and they are primarily
used to perform banking turns.

As for Mr. Boulton, it has proven rather difficult to pin down very much information about him. Described below is
a very brief history of his life that we've managed to piece together from a number of different sources. However,
it is not always clear whether the M. Boulton mentioned in these sources is the same M. Boulton of aileron fame, so
we cannot fully guarantee the accuracy of this answer.

That disclaimer aside, we believe that Boulton's full name was Matthew Piers Watt Boulton. Boulton lived in
England and was rather a rennaissance man of the mid to late 19th century. He studied a number of different
scientific, literary, and philosophical fields. His name comes up frequently in connection to rare books, and his
titles include an amazing variety of subjects. Among these are books about photography dating from the early
1860s, translations of the classics Iliad and ∆neid from the mid 1870s, papers regarding metaphysics from the late
1870s, and studies of solar heat written during the early 1890s. His earliest publication was published in 1841,
and the last item we could locate that mentions his name was a catalogue of his estate published by the auction
house Christie, Manson & Woods in 1911. According to this document, Matthew Piers Watt Boulton had died in 1894.

However, only one of his many publications appears to concern the subject of aeronautics. Entitled "On aŽrial
locomotion," the document was published in 1864, four years before Boulton received his aileron patent. It is
within this publication that Boulton probably first coined the term aileron, meaning "little wing," and described
how such a device could be used to perform the function to which the modern aileron was later applied by Frenchman
Henri Farman.

Statue of Matthew Boulton, James Watt, and William Murdoch in Birmingham

Unfortunately, that is all the information we've been able to collect on Matthew Boulton's aeronautics research. A
few other interesting tidbits about his life concern his family history. Matthew Piers Watt Boulton was the son
of Matthew Robinson Boulton. He was named after his grandfather, Matthew Boulton, as well as his grandfather's
close associate, James Watt. Boulton and Watt had perfected the steam engine during the 1770s which soon set off
the Industrial Revolution in England, and later the rest of the world. The family lived in Birmingham, England,
but it appears that M. P. W. Boulton moved to Oxfordshire after selling his grandfather's Soho House in 1850.
- answer by Joe Yoon, 20 July 2003