Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a survey on the skills and knowledge of students across different countries conducted by Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Since the implementation of PISA began in 2000, the results have been reviewed for educational reforms in different countries. Due to its innovative and authentic review design, standardized sampling and scoring procedures, strict quality control, the results across different time periods and countries are compared and are valued highly. With the support of National Science Council and the Ministry of Education, Taiwan has started participating in PISA since 2006, and 2012 is already the third time. Integrated analysis of the test results can provide information on the trend of changes in students’ literacy levels.