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Google's Got Some Explaining to Do

Google earning results are in, and the company owes investors an explanation.

Google's (NASDAQ:GOOGL) earnings results are in, and they're not the prettiest. The company missed expectations by a wide margin and shares took a tumble. Whenever this happens, it's often wise to dig deeper and see if there's an underlying issue.

The disappointmentIn the second quarter, Big G reported year over year revenue growth of 19% to $14.11 billion, which translated to a non-GAAP income of $3.23 billion, or $9.56 a share. Analysts were expecting Google to earn $10.78 a share on revenue of $14.42 billion. The culprit appears to be that Google's cost-per-click -- or CPC -- declined by 2% sequentially and 6% year over year, despite paid click volume rising by 23% year over year and 4% sequentially. This could indicate there's potentially a structural headwind that's driving down the CPC metric.

The digWhenever something earnings-related doesn't add up, the first place to look for answers is the conference call. Unfortunately, this is all that Patrick Pichette, Google's CFO, had to formally say on the matter:

"Our aggregate cost-per-paid was down 6% year over year and down 2% quarter over quarter and currency fluctuations in this case had a minimal effect in Q2 CPC growth, and yet our monetization metrics continued to be affected by the usual factors that we've discussed many times including geographic mix, channel mix, property mix, our product and policy changes as well as FX [currency fluctuations]."

When questioned later on about if mobile was to blame for the soft CPC, Pichette acknowledged that mobile played a role, but he didn't elaborate to what degree. However, he did add that considering CPC alone is "dangerous" and should be incorporated with paid click volume to get a better sense of the health of the business. Naturally, the combined metrics for the quarter has the company made the company "very pleased."

Getting theoretical Larry Kim, founder and CTO of online advertising specialist WordStream, has a few theories on what could be pressuring CPC. Of the five listed, I think three could be in play here, perhaps in some combination of each other. The first possibility could be that ad inventory is increasing faster than demand and the added supply is pressuring CPC. The second could be that mobile clicks are growing faster than their desktop counterpart, and since CPC is a weighted average between the two, it's dragging down the average.

The final theory could be that Google's recently launched AdWords enhanced campaigns are so incredibly effective that marketers need to spend less on a per-click basis to achieve their desired results. If this were to be the case, it would mean that advertisers are likely thrilled to spend less money on a per-click basis, which could ultimately drive new advertising spending on the platform longer term. In other words, this seemingly negative transition to enhanced campaigns would be rather short-lived.

A watchful eyeTruth be told, one quarter of potential trouble isn't enough for me to say there's a major issue going on with Google's business. Investors should still continue to monitor the situation by keeping an eye on Google's future earnings results. Ultimately, Google's long-term success will be dependent on its ability to drive future advertising spending by offering an ever-improving user experience for both the user and marketer alike. Could it be that Google is getting too good at its job and it's actually hurting the bottom line?

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