Establishing and recording real world coordinates of physical features where they exist in the world. Checking and recording the accuracy of map feature depiction by visiting the real world features represented on the map.

The geometry of the geographical features is determined by using terrestrial measurements, e.g. polar measurements and levelling with reference to the geodetic network. The geometric form of field surveyed data is vector. The geographic features are identified at the source by field observations.

To go out on the land to observe the features and draw a map based on first­hand observation—rather than drawing it from memory or descriptions or by interpreting remote-sensing data (see table-top mapping). Frame: A rectangle in which a map or a map part, such as a legend, will be (or has been) drawn. Also, a drawing of a traverse that shows just the stations and the lines that join them, without sideshots or other details. Adapted with permission from: Flavelle, A. 2002. Mapping our Land!-- google_ad_client = "pub-3007928848967026"; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 600; google_ad_format = "120x600_as"; google_ad_channel ="9047546005"; google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "0000FF"; google_color_url = "008000"; google_color_text = "000000";