Southeast Asian arts: East Javanese period: 927–16th century: Another such bathing place is Belahan (11th century). Made of brick, it too has extensive ruined temples. Belahan is supposed to have been the burial place of King Airlangga, who probably died about 1049. One of the greatest east Javanese icons formed the central figure against the back wall of…

Sebastián de Benalcázar, Spanish conqueror of Nicaragua, Ecuador, and southwestern Colombia. He captured Quito and founded the cities of Guayaquil in Ecuador and Popayán in Colombia. Going to the New World in 1519, Benalcázar became an officer in the forces of Pedro Arias Dávila and in 1524

Tunisia: Factional tension, compromise, and a new constitution: …assassination of a leftist politician, Chokri Belaid, in February 2013. Although the identity of Belaid’s killers remained unknown, the assassination touched off a political crisis. Secularists, increasingly convinced that they were the targets of an Islamist intimidation campaign, held mass demonstrations, and several members of the cabinet resigned their positions.…

Pierre Bélain, sieur d’Esnambuc, French trader who expanded French colonization into the Caribbean and in 1635 established the first colony for the Compagnie des ?les d’Amérique on the island of Martinique, the first permanent French colony in the West Indies. Born in Normandy, Bélain formally

Belait River, short stream on the island of Borneo, politically in Brunei, near its far southwestern border with the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It flows southeast-northwest through swampy terrain for about 20 miles (32 km) and discharges into the South China Sea. At its mouth is Kuala Belait, one

Sebastián de Benalcázar, Spanish conqueror of Nicaragua, Ecuador, and southwestern Colombia. He captured Quito and founded the cities of Guayaquil in Ecuador and Popayán in Colombia. Going to the New World in 1519, Benalcázar became an officer in the forces of Pedro Arias Dávila and in 1524

Blackberry lily, with red-spotted orange flowers, a popular garden flower. It is native to East Asia and is naturalized in some parts of North America. It is a member of the iris family (Iridaceae) and has branching stems, lower, grassy foliage, a stout rootstalk, and blackberry-like seeds. The

Mark Henry Belanger, American baseball player who won eight Gold Gloves and played in four World Series during his 16 seasons (1965-81) as a fielding shortstop with the Baltimore Orioles (b. June 8, 1944, Pittsfield, Mass.--d. Oct. 6, 1998, New York,

Fran?ois-Joseph Bélanger, architect, artist, landscape designer, and engineer, best known for his fantastic designs for private houses and gardens in pre-Revolutionary France. Bélanger was educated at the Collège de Beauvais, where he was taught physics by the Abbé Nollet and studied architecture

Mark Henry Belanger, American baseball player who won eight Gold Gloves and played in four World Series during his 16 seasons (1965-81) as a fielding shortstop with the Baltimore Orioles (b. June 8, 1944, Pittsfield, Mass.--d. Oct. 6, 1998, New York,

music synthesizer: …acoustical engineers Harry Olson and Herbert Belar in 1955 at the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) laboratories at Princeton, New Jersey. The information was fed to the synthesizer encoded on a punched paper tape. It was designed for research into the properties of sound and attracted composers seeking to extend…

Cymbeline: There she encounters Belarius and her two brothers, whom she had believed dead (Belarius had kidnapped Cymbeline’s sons in retribution for his unjust banishment). Posthumus (who has left Rome), Imogen, and her brothers are caught up in the advance of the Roman army, which has come to collect…

Ramón Pérez de Ayala: Belarmino y Apolonio (1921; Belarmino and Apolonio) is a symbolic portrayal of the conflict between faith and doubt. Luna de miel, luna de hiel (1923; Moons of Honey and Gall) and its sequel, Los trabajos de Urbano y Simona (1923; “The Labours of Urbano and Simona”), treat the contrast…

Ramón Pérez de Ayala: Belarmino y Apolonio (1921; Belarmino and Apolonio) is a symbolic portrayal of the conflict between faith and doubt. Luna de miel, luna de hiel (1923; Moons of Honey and Gall) and its sequel, Los trabajos de Urbano y Simona (1923; “The Labours of Urbano and Simona”), treat the contrast…

Belarus, country of eastern Europe. Until it became independent in 1991, Belarus, formerly known as Belorussia or White Russia, was the smallest of the three Slavic republics included in the Soviet Union (the larger two being Russia and Ukraine). While Belarusians share a distinct ethnic identity

horizontally striped red-green national flag with a vertical stripe of red and white at the hoist. Its width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.The Slavic peoples of what is now Belarus were in the past ruled by Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, and Russia. Consequently no distinctive national symbols were

Belarus: History:
The Belarusian region has a long history of human settlement. Archaeology has provided evidence of Upper Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) cultures, and Neolithic (New Stone Age) remains are widespread. The area was one of the earliest to be inhabited by Slavs, who…

Belarus, country of eastern Europe. Until it became independent in 1991, Belarus, formerly known as Belorussia or White Russia, was the smallest of the three Slavic republics included in the Soviet Union (the larger two being Russia and Ukraine). While Belarusians share a distinct ethnic identity

Belarus: Ethnic groups: Ethnic Belarusians make up about four-fifths of the country’s population. Russians, many of whom migrated to the Belorussian S.S.R. in the 1960s, ’70s, and ’80s, form the second largest ethnic group, accounting for roughly one-tenth of the population. Most of the remainder are Poles and Ukrainians,…

Belarusian language, East Slavic language that is historically the native language of most Belarusians. Many 20th-century governments of Belarus had policies favouring the Russian language, and, as a result, Russian is more widely used in education and public life than Belarusian. Belarusian forms

Belarus: Political process: …(PKB); the Party of the Belarusian Popular Front (BPF); the Conservative-Christian Party of the Belarusian Popular Front; the right-of-centre United Civic Party; and the left-of-centre Belarusian Social Democrats. The government has refused to recognize several other political parties, the most prominent being the Belarusian Christian Democracy Party. Political youth organizations…

Belarusian Ridge, upland region in Belarus. From northeastern Poland the ridge runs southeast into western Belarus and then swings northeast. Its total length is 320 miles (520 km). The ridge, covered by marine sands and clays, is in reality a series of separate uplands, of which the highest point

Belarusian language, East Slavic language that is historically the native language of most Belarusians. Many 20th-century governments of Belarus had policies favouring the Russian language, and, as a result, Russian is more widely used in education and public life than Belarusian. Belarusian forms

David Belasco, American theatrical producer and playwright whose important innovations in the techniques and standards of staging and design were in contrast to the quality of the plays he produced. As a child actor, Belasco appeared with Charles Kean in Richard III and later played in stock

Bulgaria: South Bulgaria: …frontier range known as the Belasitsa Mountains. These majestic ranges discharge meltwater from montane snowfields throughout the summer, and their sharp outlines, pine-clad slopes, and, in the Rila and Pirin ranges, several hundred lakes of glacial origin combine to form some of the most beautiful Bulgarian landscapes.

Palau, country in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of some 340 coral and volcanic islands perched on the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. The Palau (also spelled Belau or Pelew) archipelago lies in the southwest corner of Micronesia, with Guam 830 miles (1,330 km) to the northeast, New Guinea 400 miles

Fernando Belaúnde Terry, statesman, architect, and president of Peru (1963–68, 1980–85), known for his efforts at democratic reform and his pro-American stance. Belaúnde, a member of a distinguished aristocratic Peruvian family, studied architecture in the United States and France in 1924–35 and

Belovezhskaya Forest, forest in western Belarus and eastern Poland. One of the largest surviving areas of primeval mixed forest (pine, beech, oak, alder, and spruce) in Europe, it occupies more than 460 square miles (1,200 square km). The Belovezhskaya Forest is located near the headwaters of the

Belovezhskaya Forest, forest in western Belarus and eastern Poland. One of the largest surviving areas of primeval mixed forest (pine, beech, oak, alder, and spruce) in Europe, it occupies more than 460 square miles (1,200 square km). The Belovezhskaya Forest is located near the headwaters of the

Saint Tikhon, ; canonized Oct. 9, 1989), patriarch of the Russian Orthodox church following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. At first sharply resisting the new Soviet state’s antiecclesiastical legislation, he refused to cooperate with a schismatic, state-supported, and politically oriented

Belawan, the most important port in northeastern Sumatra, Indonesia, located on Belawan Island at the estuary of the Deli and Belawan rivers in North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) propinsi (province). The port was originally dredged and constructed by the Dutch in the first two decades of the 20th

Mikhail Bulgakov: …the novel Belaya gvardiya (The White Guard), serialized in 1925 but never published in book form. A realistic and sympathetic portrayal of the motives and behaviour of a group of anti-Bolshevik White officers during the civil war, it was met by a storm of official criticism for its lack…

Belaya River, river in Bashkortostan republic, west-central Russia. The Belaya is the largest tributary of the Kama River, which is itself an important tributary of the Volga. The Belaya rises in the southern Urals at the foot of Mount Iremel, and after flowing southwestward through a narrow

Bila Tserkva, city, north-central Ukraine, on the Ros River. Founded in the 11th century, Bila Tserkva (“White Church”) long remained a minor regional centre. In modern times industry developed, including machine building, tire production, furniture making, canning, flour milling, and the making of

Twelfth Night: … the jester, Maria, Olivia’s uncle Sir Toby Belch, and Sir Toby’s friend Sir Andrew Aguecheek—who scheme to undermine the high-minded, pompous Malvolio by planting a love letter purportedly written by Olivia to Malvolio urging him to show his affection for her by smiling constantly and dressing himself in cross-garters and…

Be?chatów, city, ?ódzkie województwo (province), south-central Poland, forming part of the industrial triangle of Be?chatów, Szczerców, and Kamieńsk. Be?chatów is 30 miles (50 km) south-southwest of ?ód?, the provincial capital. The surrounding farmlands produce rye and potatoes. A major lignite

Belcher Islands, archipelago in southeastern Hudson Bay, north of the mouth of James Bay, Baffin region, Nunavut territory, Canada. The islands, low-lying and striated, cover a total area of about 5,000 square miles (13,000 square km), of which 1,118 square miles (2,896 square km) is land. The

caricature and cartoon: England: …in the 20th century with George Belcher, “Fougasse” (Kenneth Bird), H.M. Bateman, Nicolas Bentley, E.H. Shepard, and Osbert Lancaster. Leech was in a sense the pictorial equivalent of Thackeray (Thackeray was an excellent comic draftsman but better at getting the feel of past time with a comic flavour than at…

Jonathan Belcher, colonial governor and merchant who was an early patron of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). After graduating from Harvard College in 1699, Belcher traveled in Europe before returning to Boston, where he became a prosperous merchant. He formally entered

Sir Edward Belcher, naval officer who performed many coastal surveys for the British Admiralty. The grandson of a governor of Nova Scotia, Belcher entered the navy in 1812. After serving as a surveyor with an expedition to the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Strait in 1825, he commanded a surveying

human digestive system: Intestinal gas: …is either regurgitated (as in belching) or absorbed in the stomach. Anxiety or eating quickly induces frequent swallowing of air with consequent belching or increased rectal flatus. Although some of the carbon dioxide in the small intestine is due to the interaction of hydrogen ions of gastric acid with bicarbonate,…

Australian Capital Territory: Settlement patterns: …urban districts of Woden–Weston Creek, Belconnen, Tuggeranong, and Gungahlin includes residential suburbs, a major regional centre, and local service centres. These districts were developed according to modern town planning and urban design principles in order to provide services and job opportunities in each urban district close to where people live.…

Richard, Count Belcredi, statesman of the Austrian Empire who worked for a federal constitution under the Habsburg monarchy, taking the Swiss constitution as his model. His “Ministry of Counts” (July 27, 1865–Feb. 3, 1867) advocated conservative federalism under which the Slavs’ historic rights

B?l?i, city, northern Moldova, on the Raut (Reut) River. It dates to the 15th century. B?l?i is a major railway junction and the centre of the rich agricultural B?l?i Steppe. Most industries are concerned with processing farm produce, notably flour milling, sugar refining, and wine making, but

Belém, city and port, capital of Pará estado (state), northern Brazil. It is situated on Guajará Bay, part of the vast Amazon River delta, near the mouth of the Guamá River, about 80 miles (130 km) up the Pará River from the Atlantic Ocean. Its climate is equatorial, with an average annual

Belém, freguesia (parish) within the western limits of the city of Lisbon, Portugal. It is situated on the northern shore of the Tagus (Tejo) River estuary near its outlet to the Atlantic Ocean. A former royal residence, Belém (Bethlehem) is known for its Manueline (early 16th-century)

Lisbon: City layout: The Belém Palace, a former royal residence, is the official home of the president of the republic. The Belém area reflects Portugal’s maritime past and is known for its Manueline (early 16th-century) architecture, notably the Jerónimos Monastery, founded by Manuel I in 1499, and the Tower…

Belém: …to India, and the white Tower of Belém, built in 1515–21 to protect the entrance of the Tagus. The two monuments were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. Also notable is the Ajuda National Palace. Replacing the royal palace, which was destroyed by fire, the Neoclassical edifice…

Belemnoid, member of an extinct group of cephalopods (animals related to the modern squid and octopus) that possessed a large internal shell. Most belemnoids were about the size of present-day squid, approximately 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 inches) long. Belemnoids lived in ocean waters from the Early

Belemnoid, member of an extinct group of cephalopods (animals related to the modern squid and octopus) that possessed a large internal shell. Most belemnoids were about the size of present-day squid, approximately 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 inches) long. Belemnoids lived in ocean waters from the Early

Belemnoid, member of an extinct group of cephalopods (animals related to the modern squid and octopus) that possessed a large internal shell. Most belemnoids were about the size of present-day squid, approximately 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 inches) long. Belemnoids lived in ocean waters from the Early

Belen, city, Valencia county, central New Mexico, U.S. Reserved for genizaros, or people of mixed ethnicity, the original village, located in fertile bottomlands along the Rio Grande, was destroyed during the Pueblo Rebellion of 1680. In 1740 Diego de Torres and Antonio de Salazar received land

hymenopteran: Social forms: In the case of Belenogaster, however, whose nests include about 60 cells, the females not only feed their own brood but also indiscriminately feed all larvae present. Trophallaxis, or exchange of food between workers and larvae, is a further development.

Belenus, (Celtic: possibly, Bright One), one of the most ancient and most widely worshipped of the pagan Celtic deities; he was associated with pastoralism. A great fire festival, called Beltane (or Beltine), was held on May 1 and was probably originally connected with his cult. On that day the

Bélep Islands, coral island group in the French overseas country of New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Comprising Pott and Art islands and several islets, the group lies within the northern continuation of the barrier reef that surrounds the main island of New Caledonia. The chief

Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shropshire or Shrewsbury, Norman magnate, soldier, and outstanding military architect, who for a time was the most powerful vassal of the English crown under the second and third Norman kings, William II Rufus (died 1100) and Henry I. His contemporary reputation for

Belawan, the most important port in northeastern Sumatra, Indonesia, located on Belawan Island at the estuary of the Deli and Belawan rivers in North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) propinsi (province). The port was originally dredged and constructed by the Dutch in the first two decades of the 20th

Belfast, city, seat (1827) of Waldo county, southern Maine, U.S., on the Passagassawakeag River where it empties into Penobscot Bay on the Atlantic coast opposite Castine, 34 miles (55 km) south-southwest of Bangor. Settled in 1770 and named for Belfast, Ireland, it soon developed as a seaport and

Belfast, city, district, and capital of Northern Ireland, on the River Lagan, at its entrance to Belfast Lough (inlet of the sea). It became a city by royal charter in 1888. After the passing of the Government of Ireland Act, 1920, it became the seat of the government of Northern Ireland. The

Port Fairy, town, Victoria, Australia. It lies at the mouth of the Moyne River, on a headland east of Portland Bay (an inlet of the Indian Ocean). A settlement established there in 1835 was called Belfast for a time until it was renamed for a ship, the Fairy, that had sheltered in its harbour in

Good Friday Agreement, accord reached on April 10, 1998, and ratified in both Ireland and Northern Ireland by popular vote on May 22 that called for devolved government in Northern Ireland. By the mid-1960s the demographic majority that Protestants enjoyed in Northern Ireland ensured that they were

Belfast Lough, inlet of the North Channel that connects the Irish Sea with the Atlantic, 12 mi (20 km) long and 3 to 5 mi (4.8 to 8 km) wide, indenting the northeastern coast of Ireland. Its sheltered harbour facilitated the growth of Belfast as a city and port, and its shores were sites of early

Belfort, town, capital of the Territoire de Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, eastern France, on the Savoureuse River, southwest of Mulhouse. Inhabited in Gallo-Roman times, Belfort was first recorded in the 13th century as a possession of the counts of Montbéliard, who granted it a charter

Belfort, town, capital of the Territoire de Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, eastern France, on the Savoureuse River, southwest of Mulhouse. Inhabited in Gallo-Roman times, Belfort was first recorded in the 13th century as a possession of the counts of Montbéliard, who granted it a charter

Belfort, town, capital of the Territoire de Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, eastern France, on the Savoureuse River, southwest of Mulhouse. Inhabited in Gallo-Roman times, Belfort was first recorded in the 13th century as a possession of the counts of Montbéliard, who granted it a charter

Franche-Comté: Doubs, Haute-Sa?ne, and the Territoire de Belfort. In 2016 the Franche-Comté région was joined with the neighbouring région of Burgundy to form the new administrative entity of Bourgogne–Franche-Comté.

Chicago Blackhawks: …popular players Jeremy Roenick and Ed Belfour in 1988, who then guided the (now single-named) Blackhawks to the Presidents’ Trophy (as the team with the best regular-season record) in 1990–91 and to the Stanley Cup finals in 1991–92, where they lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins in four games.

Belfry, bell tower, either attached to a structure or freestanding. More specifically, it is the section of such a tower where bells hang, and even more particularly the timberwork that supports the bells. Etymologically, belfries have nothing to do with bells. The word is derived from the Old

military technology: Siege weapons: …wheeled wooden siege towers, called belfroys. These were fitted with drawbridges, which could be dropped onto the parapet, and with protected firing positions from which the defending parapets could be swept by arrow fire. Constructing one of these towers and moving it forward against an active defense was a considerable…

Belfry, bell tower, either attached to a structure or freestanding. More specifically, it is the section of such a tower where bells hang, and even more particularly the timberwork that supports the bells. Etymologically, belfries have nothing to do with bells. The word is derived from the Old

Ethiopia: Climate: …a short rainy season, the belg, in March and April. May is a hot and dry month preceding the long rainy season (kremt) in June, July, and August. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). However, in many…

Belgae, any of the inhabitants of Gaul north of the Sequana and Matrona (Seine and Marne) rivers. The term was apparently first applied by Julius Caesar. Evidence suggests that the Roman influence penetrated into those areas about 150 bc. The Belgae of Gaul formed a coalition against Caesar after

Belgavi, city, northwestern Karnataka state, southwestern India. It is located in the Western Ghats at an elevation of about 2,500 feet (760 metres) above sea level. The city dates from the 12th century. It later exercised strategic control over the plateau routes to Goa and the Arabian Sea coast

Belgavi, city, northwestern Karnataka state, southwestern India. It is located in the Western Ghats at an elevation of about 2,500 feet (760 metres) above sea level. The city dates from the 12th century. It later exercised strategic control over the plateau routes to Goa and the Arabian Sea coast

Belgian Congo, former colony (coextensive with the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) in Africa, ruled by Belgium from 1908 until 1960. It was established by the Belgian parliament to replace the previous, privately owned Congo Free State, after international outrage over abuses there

Basenji, ancient breed of hound dog native to central Africa, where it is used to point and retrieve and to drive quarry into a net. It is also known as the barkless dog, but it does produce a variety of sounds other than barks. A graceful animal, it is characterized by an alert expression typified

Belgian horse, breed of heavy draft horse descended from the Flemish “great horse,” the medieval battle horse native to the Low Countries. An old breed, Belgians were considerably improved after 1880. In 1866 the first Belgian was taken to the United States, where the breed was well accepted but

Belgian literature, the body of written works produced by Belgians and written in Flemish, which is equivalent to the Standard Dutch (Netherlandic) language of the Netherlands, and in Standard French, which are the two main divisions of literature by language of Belgium. A lesser-known literature

Belgium: Relief, drainage, and soils: …the rest of the country, C?tes Lorraines is a series of hills with north-facing scarps. About half of it remains wooded; in the south lies a small region of iron ore deposits.

Belgium: Media and publishing: …and Television Network (VRT; formerly Belgian Radio and Television [BRTN]), in Flemish, were created as public services. Both are autonomous and are managed by an administrative council. Radio Vlaanderen International (RVI) serves as an important voice of the Flemish community in Belgium.

Belgium: Media and publishing: Belgian Radio-Television of the French Community (RTBF), which broadcasts in French, and the Flemish Radio and Television Network (VRT; formerly Belgian Radio and Television [BRTN]), in Flemish, were created as public services. Both are autonomous and are managed by an administrative council. Radio Vlaanderen International…

Revolutions of 1830, rebellions against conservative kings and governments by liberals and revolutionaries in different parts of Europe in 1830–32. The movement started in France, prompted by Charles X’s publication on July 26 of four ordinances dissolving the Chamber of Deputies, suspending

Belgian sheepdog, working dog developed in the village of Groenendaal, Belgium, in 1885. A long-haired black dog, the Belgian sheepdog has a relatively pointed muzzle and erect, triangular ears. It is valued for its intelligence and working ability; in addition to herding sheep, it has been useful

Belgic Confession, statement of the Reformed faith in 37 articles written by Guido de Brès, a Reformer in the southern Low Countries (now Belgium) and northern France. First printed in 1561 at Rouen, it was revised at a synod in Antwerp in 1566, was printed that same year in Geneva, and was

Belgica, one of three Gallic provinces organized by Julius Caesar; it became one of the four provinces of Gaul under the Roman Empire. As established by Augustus (27 bc), Belgica stretched from the Seine River eastward to the Rhine and included the Low Countries in the north and the Helvetian

Adrien-Victor-Joseph, baron de Gerlache de Gomery: …Land, de Gerlache navigated the Belgica into the pack ice, where it remained trapped for 13 months and thus became the first vessel to winter in the Antarctic.

history of the Low Countries: The Roman period: Belgica and Germania Inferior (later Belgica Secunda and Germania Secunda), which themselves were subdivided into civitates: in Belgica, those of the Morini, Menapii, Treveri, Tungri, and possibly the Toxandri; in Germania Inferior, those of the Batavi, Canninefates, and Cugerni. Because of the later adoption by the church of the division…

Belgioioso, town, Lombardia (Lombardy) regione, northern Italy. It lies on the left bank of the Po River. Situated in an area of well-irrigated plateaus, the town is the agricultural and commercial centre for an area producing grain, cheese, and pigs. A medieval castle faces the town and an

Balthazar de Beaujoyeulx, composer and choreographer who influenced the development of theatrical dance and opera. In 1555 the Duke de Brissac brought Beaujoyeulx to the French court of Queen Catherine de Médicis as a violinist. He became valet de chambre to the royal family and unofficially

Belgium, country of northwestern Europe. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated European countries, and it has been, since its independence in 1830, a representative democracy headed by a hereditary constitutional monarch. Initially, Belgium had a unitary form of government. In the

Battle of France: The Battle of Belgium and the defense of the Channel ports (May 10–June 4, 1940):
German forces near Maastrict crossed the Albert Canal into Belgium on the first day of the invasion, having neutralized the fortress of Eben Emael with an audacious predawn airborne assault. Arriving…

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