Notes to the Hieroglyphic Signs

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar
in shape to AB 80 /
MA/ma; the phonetic value of the sign then imitates the sound of the cat,
much as 012 MU does..

The several occurrences
of the sign (#007.g2, #157, #196, #247, #295,
#304) have Linear parallels that support this
identification.

001 =
VIR1 - once at KN (#041), one sealstone
(#240)

CHIC p. 19 table identifies the sign as similar in
shape to AB VIR. The seal #240 presents "total men", a phrase that
recurs in Linear A.

002 =
VIR2 - KN, MA/P+V - NO MA/Mu.

003
VIR3 is
VIR2 with *026 over the head;
compare
VIR2 and VIR3
with Phaistos Disk signs *03
and *02.

VIR2
recurs as
a terminal sign in
three signgroups (#058.c2, #112.c/#113.a, #328), perhaps as an adjunct or
enclitic; TA-VIR2 recurs twice (#328 and
#058.c2) (cf. Linear B, TA as supervisor).
QE-VIR2 probably recurs twice (#113.a, #112.c?) and may
relate to the common Linear A VIR+KA.

003 = VIR3 - KN, MA/P- NO MA/Mu.

003
VIR3 is
VIR2 with *026 over the head;
compare
VIR2 and VIR3
with Phaistos Disk signs *03
and *02.

The sign appears four times, on #049.d,
#053.aA, #060.a, and #109.a.

On #109 and #049 the sign is related to
SA-RO, an important placename.

On #053, the sign refers to a
group of people who receive rations, and the same signgroup recurs on #060.a: this is probably to be construed as
KU2-RO3 (that is,
"total") WA (or TELA, cloth) VIR3. The signgroup
may imply that VIR3 is a cloth-worker, and therefore probably
female, though Mycenaean Knossos had male specialist cloth workers.

Bar #049
tallies an assessment of 1100 personnel at SA-RO2; this is
divided into two targets of 550 each, 550 and 550KU2-RO2"total" MUL,
of whom
230 VIR3 are listed as probably contributed.
Thus, VIR3 is a subset of MUL.

#109.a, b presents: SA2-RU; is this Mallia document
mentioning the same kind of person at the same place as #049c, d from
Knossos? (SA-RO2). In other
words is female, and is SA2-RU
the way Mallia spells Knossos's SA-RO?

Parallels between #049
and
#056 suggest that the branch 026
feminizes.

004 = MUL -
one document (KN #049), one sealstone

CHIC p. 19 table identifies
the sign as similar in shape to AB MUL.

The occurrence of MUL on
document #049.d1 indicates that the sign can be associated with totals
(#049.d1).

The sign's most common occurrence is in the
signgroup 044-005 on
sealstones but also twice incised on a document (#018.g2, #059.aA2); the
signgroup seems to be a transaction term, probably related to KI-RO
("owed") in Linear A . For this reason, the phonetic value is identified
as some type of R+vowel.

006 = NWA - KN,
MA/Mu+P+N, PE - ALL

CHIC p. 19 table identifies the sign as
similar in shape to B 48 nwa.

Morphologically, the sign should be similar to AB NWA, and
Linear A parallels to the signgroups it appears in support this
identification, especially in PE Hh 02.A-B and #276).

007 = MI - KN, MA/Mu+P

DOCS2 33
fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar in shape to AB 73 / MI/mi.

Palaeographically, 007 resembles several versions of AB 73
MI.

Several of the Linear A parallels seem close enough to confirm the
phonetic identification, especially in #090.a-b, #098.a, #296.a, #314.c,
#043.a1, #114.a, and #070.

008 = A3 , 009 = A2 , 042 = A

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 and
CHIC p. 19 table identifies 042c as similar in
shape to AB 08 /
A/a. Since all three signs are initials (the case for 042 needs
arguing; see below) and since they seem to be interchangeable in some
signgroups, the two "hand" signs (008 , 009 ) may be variants on 042c ,
and have the phonetic value "A."

Since 008
appears more often on seals and since 009
appears more often in the clay documents, it is possible that the
distinction between the two is by medium.

Variations on the same
signgroup using 042 , 008 , and 009 .

042 A

008 A3

009
A2

-019-070: A-SA-RO

>< - #222.b

* - #061.c

-038: A-JA

- #154 etc.

-
#297.b1

-053: A-JA

- #151

-
#187

-054-061: A-DE-

- #037.a
etc.

* -
#060.c

-056-031: A-KU-RE-056-070:
A-KU-RO-056-061: A-KU--056-062:
A-KU-NA

-
#061.a2

-
#132

*- #104.a-b

-
#018.b; #156 -
#126

-070-060: A-RO-KO(-KU)

-
#074.a

-
#112.d

009 = A2 - KN, MA/Mu (once at MA/P)

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 and CHIC p. 19 table identify the
sign as similar in shape to B 52 no (A 52
is not yet attested).

If this sign functions as a variant on 042
(see above, 008), and has the phonetic value of /A/, the
resulting Linear A parallels support that value. For X A2-KU-NA X
SA2-QE (#126), The Linear
A parallel A-KA-NU-ZA-TI (KN Zc 7) is especially impressive.

010 = RI - KN, MA/Mu (once at HT)

The sign's shape
may have influenced the form of AB 53 RI; the dot in the middle of the
Linear A sign (GORILA V p. xxxvi) may derive from the drilled kneecap on
the Hieroglyphic sign on sealstones.

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 and CHIC p. 19 table identify the
sign as as similar in shape to AB 23 / MU/mu, as if 012 is
turned clockwise 90 degrees and flipped. The phonetic value of the sign
then imitates the sound of the bovine, much as Catface MA does. The
Linear A parallels provide some support for this phonetic
identification.

In the following 2 pairs of examples, one signgroup
uses 012 , the other uses 013 , as if interchangeable; as an logogram, however,
013/*152 seems to function as BOS (see
below).

Sign
013 usually acts as logogram *152, appearing often in the middle of a
trisyllabic signgroup, whose outer two signs make a transaction word; see
Notes to Signs VII.

The sign 013
, however, may also function as a substitute syllabogram
MU2 for 012 ; for its phonetic
value, see the notes to 012. The Linear A
parallels seem to support this identification, especially the two versions
of A-RU-MU2- on #003.g and seals
#139 and #164.

014 = I - sealstones only

Morphologically, the
Hieroglyphic sign seems close to A 28b , which
appears to be based on an animal head with either horns or long ears; the
phonetic value, then, would be I which the Linear A parallels
support (#245.g, #275.c, #294.b, #300.d).

Morphologically, it is possible that the
sign is the predecessor to Linear B 14 do;
since sign 078 is even closer to Linear B 14
do, I suggest tentatively that 015 is /Dv/ (e.g., DU or
DO2).

For the 2 occurrences
of the sign (#079, PE Hh 02), a phonetic value of Dv (and
Rv) yields possible Linear A parallels.

016 = KI - KN,
MA/Mu+P

Its shape looks like a plausible prototype for AB 21
QI.

Appendix IIC.1 & 2 makes a plausible case
for phonetic KI, which is supported by the following
occurrences.

1. Signgroup / 042-049-016-016-056/077
seems complete; the insertion of 056 before 077 may imply a similarity of sound between 056 KU and either 016 or
077, more likely the former since on #112.a1 the
second 016 is written over an erased 056 (also see the inscription on #294.d2). The
possible recurrence of
016-077 (#290.d) may imply that it is a suffix. There is no Linear
A word that satisfies the requirement -A-Rv-Cv-Cv-, but in retrograde
there is KI-KI-RA-JA, a heading on HT 85b.1.

2. The following two
inscriptions give further support for the phonetic value of 016 as KI since the order of the two signs,
057-016 or , 016-057 does not seem to
matter.

057-016

#003.d2

X

KI-KI

KI-KI-NA (HT 88.2), KI-KI-RA-JA (HT
85b.1)

016-057-013-074

#053.c2

X
*

KI-KI
BOS

KI-KI-NA (HT 88.2), KI-KI-RA-JA (HT
85b.1)

3. The combination 016-038 seems assured; if
so, the reassignment on #098.a of 016 to the end
of the signgroup may have been an attempt to correct its omission at the
beginning. This reconstruction is supported on #090.a, 7000
016-038-007 051 7000: 051 is physically
separated from the rest of the signgroup. With phonetic values,
becomes KI-JA-MI for
which there is Linear A ]-KE-JU-MI[ (KN Za 19).

017
= AU - KN,
MA/Mu

CHIC p. 19 table identifies the sign as similar in shape
to AB 85 /
AU/au.

For the phonetic value of AU, three of its six
occurrences place the sign next to /A/ /JA/ signs ( 042, 038, 009, 053), as if
emphasizing its vowel-character (#021.g-d, #039.b1,
#128).

018 = RA4 - KN, MA/N - no MA/Mu or
MA/P

The sign appears in one signgroup on one document and a
Chamaizi vase; otherwise, it appears on sealstones. A few Linear A
parallels suggest the phonetic identification
(#255.a/#300.c, #296.a, #306.d).

The sign occurs in
11 signgroups. A few occurrences suggest a phonetic value of /A/, perhaps
/AI/; compare the sign's form with Linear B 043
ai (if turned 90 degrees counterclockwise, the wings of the "fly"
could become the legs of the Linear B sign).

The
sign occurs in only two signgroups, both preceded by a syllabogram with
the phonetic value Rv (RE-PI- #059.cB1, #149,
#197; and RO3-PI- 050.d).

022 = VIR4 - once, on MA/M #071,
cone.

Although the sign appears only once (VIR4 KU-RO-), its identification as a VIR logogram is based on
its anthropoid appearance and its association with the common transaction
term for "total" or "paid." If the sign had a phonetic value, it is barely
possible to see in it (if turned upsidedown) a predecessor to Linear B 62
pte, which strongly resembles a Horns of
Consecration; cf. Linear A PO-TO-KU-RO (HT 122b.6, HT 131b.4).

023 = TU - KN,
MA/Mu+P+N, PE - ALL

CHIC p. 19 table identifies the sign as
similar in shape to the B logogram 144 (crocus).

Morphologically, the
sign seems related to AB TU . As a logogram *154
it seems to function as OLIVA , which finds
support in the fact that in the Linear A documents OLIVA appears either unmodified or
modified only by TU, as in OLIV+TU (HT 50a.4, HT 101.6, HT 116a.5).

The
most common appearance of 023 is in the disyllabic signgroup 057-023 KI-TU (#39.b2,
#049.b1, #055.a, #113.d, #243.g, #324; cf. #027.d), apparently a
name with parallels in Linear A (KI-TA-I, JA-KU-TI, KA-TI, vel sim.).

Morphologically this
identification seems convincing, and it appears as a logogram on #120.r.B
like Linear A TE; Linear A provides good parallels for some of the sign's
occurrences, especially for the rare doubling of TE-TE
(#294.g2).

026 =
?

The sign occurs by itself once (#056.c) and as an adjunct to 002
VIR2 to form 003 VIR3 - cf. the notes to
VIR2 and VIR3 (where I suggest it
feminizes VIR2).

027 = RA3 -
KN, MA/Mu

The sign occurs in only three clay
inscriptions; the Linear A parallel for the signgroup on #073 suggests the
possibility of /RA/. It is possible that this is the sign for /RA/ on clay
documents while 095 is the sign for /RA/ on
sealstones.

028 =KU2 - KN, MA/Mu+P, PYR - ALL

The
sign seems almost always to be an initial, followed, almost invariably, by
signs with the phonetic value Rv 028-070 #081, #133, #307.b; 028-049 #011.g, #012.g,
#053.aA, #059.aA1 & dB, #060.a, #317), strongly suggesting that is Kv, probably /KU/. In addition, three
times, it appears with VIR2 (#058.d1, #059.bA2) somewhat
like
Linear A VIR+KA (common); it also appears in the signgroup KU2-RO2 MUL (#049.d1),
apparently totaling women.

029 = MA - KN, MA/Mu+V,
PYR

According to Notes to Signgroups, App. II, the "anagram,"
029 should be MA.

Several of the Linear A
parallels are plausible, especially for the inscriptions A-ZE-MA-TU on #023.g-d
and A-MA-RE-SI on #057.a

030 = PU2? -
two occurrences

Morphologically, the sign could be the possible
predecessor to AB 29 / PU2/pu2.

031 = RE - KN,
MA/Mu+P

CHIC p. 19 table identifies the sign as similar in shape
to AB 27 / RE/re;
the consonant receives support from Grammar Sequences 2b and 6b.

Morphologically, however, if rotated
clockwise 90 degrees, the sign can be the predecessor to Linear A TA 59.

Most of the Linear A parallels seem
plausible for a phonetic value of TA.

035 = SU -
MA/P

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 and CHIC p. 19 table
identify the sign as similar in shape to AB 58
/ SU/su on morphological grounds. Grammar
Sequence 6, however, suggests the consonant to be Rv.

The sign
only occurs three times (#105.aB, #115.b, #119.c), and the Linear A
parallels are not helpful.

036 = SA2 - MA/Mu+P (once at KN)

The sign occurs mostly on sealstones, mostly as
SA2-RU parallel to Linear A SA-RU /
SA-RA2.

On clay documents, the sign appears four times, once
with only this sign of its signgroup preserved (#095.b2); the other three
documents (#059.dA3, #109.b, #112.d) present two versions of the same
two-sign signgroup (SA2-RE #112.d,
SA2-RU #059.dA3, #109.b), which seems to have a secure
Linear A parallel (SA-RA2, SA-RU).

037 = Rv - KN (3
times)

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar in
shape to AB 54 /
WA/wa;

According to Notes to Signgroups, App. II, "the
anagram," 037 should be Rv.

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar
in shape to AB 56 /
PA3/pa3.

Several apparent alternative
spellings in Linear A seem to support the identification AB 56 =
PA3:

PA3
-*188

SU-PU2-*188 - one of the few occurrences of *188,
whose blocky shape looks much like *60 RA (see SU+PA3+RA,
below)

SU+PA3+RA

see
SU-PU2-*188,
above

DU-PA3-NA

JA-NA-KI-TE-TE-DU-PU2-RE,
A-PA-DU-PA-[,
DE-PO-NI-ZA

KU-PA3-RI-JA

KU-PA-RI -
possibly a root, for which KU*056-RI-JA is
adjectival

I-DA-PA3-I-SA-RI

PA-SA-RI-JA
- possibly an adjectival, whose root can be seen in the compound signgroup
I-DA+PA3-I-SA-RI

I-KU-PA3-NA-TU-NA-TE[

]PA-NA-TU

SE-SA-PA3

A-SI-SU-PO-A -
??

]PO-DI-PA3

A-PA-DU-PA-[ -
??

With this phonetic identification, Hiero
document #040.a1 and Linear A documents HT 6, 94, 102, 105 contain the
same heading ( 072-039
KA-PA3), a heading also in Linear A (KA-PA, HT 6a.1) and
the same words (SA-RO2, KU-RO,
Rv-R-).

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 and CHIC p. 19 table identify the
sign as similar in shape to AB 08 / A/a; this identification is certain.

In
Linear A, A almost always appears only as an initial; it occasionally
appears as a medial (fewer than 20 times), and usually then to duplicate
or strengthen a preceding syllabogram whose vowel is -A. In Linear A, A
never appears as a terminal.

In Hieroglyphic, the sign also seems to
be used only as an initial (e.g., on document #057, all signgroups begin
with the initial X, except
042-029-032-011 [#057.a], where, it might be presumed, the sign 042 was thought sufficient to indicate the beginning
of the signgroup).

As another indication of the sign's initial
placement, its haft often points to the edge of the document (e.g., #029.b
& #329).

CHIC occasionally reads 042 as a
medial or terminal (e.g., #029.b, #035.a, #095.a, b; #113.d, etc.); in my
comments to each of these documents, I give reasons for an emended
reading.

043 = SO - twice at KN.

CHIC p. 19 table
identifies the sign as similar in shape to B 12 so.

The sign's shape 043 may be the
prototype for the ax-like sign A *364, which appears once:
*364-KE-MA-SE (cf. O-KA-MI-ZA-SI-I-NA [PK 1.3-4]).

The sign
appears on two documents (#039.a2, #042.a2) and three seals
(#256.a-g, #265.b, #314 eta2-theta); except for its
occurence on #265, it is associated only with a /Rv/ syllabogram.

044 = KO - KN, ZA,
PK (once @MA/Mu+P) - ALL

Signgroup 057-034-044-049 (#302.a) conflates two common
signgroups 057-034-056 KI-TA-KU and 044-049
KO-RO3, and demonstrates that 044 (here identified as KO) and 056 (here identified as KU) have similar
phonetic structures. The consonant is supported by the following: if 049 and 040 are both /Rv/
(see notes to the signs), then both 044-049 #240) and [ 044-040[ #110.a) are
/Kv-Rv/, that is, versions of KU-RO ("total").

For the vowel,
the palaeographic form of 044 (see CHIC pp.
403-405) often is reduced to an arch above a triangle (cf. the sign on
#040.b1 and #074.a); if the entire sign is inverted (esp. as it appears on
#056a & b-e), the sign begins to look like Linear A 70, KO (compare AB 70
on HT 23a.5 as drawn on GORLIA V p. xxxix).

On sealstones the sign
occurs often but without convincing Linear A parallels for the signgroups;
on the clay documents #019 and #030, however, there are good Linear A
parallels for the signgroups.

047 = QE - KN, MA/M+P,
PH, PE - ALL

CHIC p. 19 table identifies the sign as similar in
shape to B *142.
The sign 047 seems
morphologically similar to AB 78 / QE/qe; and 6 of the 7 examples of sign 047 incised on sealstones (see palaeographic chart on
CHIC 405-6) have cross-hatching inside, which the dots inside AB 78 may reproduce.
If 047-053 on #065.a2 is related to Linear A KO-JA (see
notes to sign 053, below), then -RO-RE on
#58.b1 and -RO on #286.b are versions of
KU-RO (compare KU-RO-RO in #061.e). Thus, 047-092 #005) is a variation on 057-092 "owed". Cf. notes to
#043.b1.

048 = ?

The
sign occurs once only, on a sealstone (#236), where it may function
simply as an image.

049 =
RO3 - KN, MA/M+P, seals

DOCS2 33
fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar in shape to AB 20 / ZO/zo; CHIC p. 19
table suggests it is similar to AB 37 / TI/ti.

The sign appears most commonly as the
terminal in two-sign transaction terms: 044-049, 072-049, terms that record types of totals. 044-049
KU-RO3 "contribution paid" is often paired with 044-005 KU-Rv "deficit" (e.g., #059).

The sign also substitutes
for 031 RE (cf. #059.d with #059.cB1,
#197, #149) and for 040
RO2 (cf. #307 with #049, #192).

050 = TI - KN, MA/P

DOCS2 33
fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar in shape to AB 37 / TI/ti; CHIC p. 19
table suggests it is similar to B 254 SAGITTA.

Evans, SM fig.
40, identifies this sign as the prototype for Lycian and Cypro-Minoan
TI.

Sign 050 functions frequently as a terminal, much as Linear A's ZA
does. Such a value, Zv, gets slight confirmation from 068-009-056-050-070 (#119.d)
or -A-KU-Zv-RO; cf. Linear A
TA-TE-I-KE-ZA-RE (KN Zf 31); an alternate rendering might be DA, as in
#119.v. =
-A-KI-DA-RO. On the other hand, 050 also
functions as an initial, which Z- in Linear A (ZA or ZE) is not securely
attested as ever doing.

Linear A parallels for the signgroups that
contain 050 support the identification of TI.

051 = double mina, KU3 = A *312 - KN, MA/M+V

DOCS2 33 fig. 6
and CHIC p. 19 table identify the sign as similar in shape to A *312 I &
B *233 A PUGio

Compare X X
016-038-007-051 (#090.a-b) with X  X
¥-072-038-007-016 (#098.a); if the phonetic identifications for 016 KI and 072 KA are correct, then the substitution of
016 KI for 051 makes sense if has the
phonetic value of /Kv/, here rendered KU3 .

Sign 051 is
also similar to Linear A logogram *312; it too modifies TELA (cf. CHIC
#089.b2 & HT 38.4) and in a duplicated form. The notes to sign 041, TELA,
demonstrates that 051 = the double mina, which,
in Linear A is denoted by A *312 which should
have a value of KU.

In one other respect, however, the two signs seem
different: CHIC *051 comes in large quantities (120 on #039.b2,
450 on #051.a, 7000 on #090.a-b) as if it were counting
commodities individually; Linear A *312 comes in singletons and fractions
(1 on HT 49a.6 & KH 8.4, 1 J E on HT 124b.1, 2 on
ARKH 3a.5), as if measured in bulk, which is the way the double mina of
wool is measured (as on CHIC *089.b2).

Linear A NE functions almost
exclusively as a final, including JA-SA-RA-A-NA-NE, but otherwise as an
ending commonly -A-NE or -RA-NE (common on seals), penultimate -NE-SI or
-NE-TE/I, or -NE-MI or -NE-MI-NA. CHIC 052 functions in precisely the same
way (#031.a, #125, #130, #306.a).

053 = JA - KN, MA/M+P,
PH - ALL

CHIC p. 19 table identifies the sign as similar in
shape to B *205 JUG.

Document #001.g carries the inscription X
* 070-031-034 X 053, in which
functions as a logogram: RO-RE-TA X
VAS; Linear A parallels suggest that this phrase becomes
conventionalized as *401VAS+RA/U.

Finally, one of the few Linear A
examples of a duplicated phoneme occurs as JA-JA[ (PK Za 18); this
parallels 053-053-077 JA-JA-RU2 (#047.a) and
053-038-039 JA-JA-PA3 (#296.b).

054
= DE - KN, MA/M, ZA

CHIC p.
19 table identifies the sign as similar in shape to B *204
EWER.

Palaeographically, it is possible that
054 is the predecessor to Linear AB 45 / DE/de.

The sign occurs often in the two-sign
header 042-054
A-DE (#037.a; #050.a; #058.a; #062, #189, #293.g,
#303.b) and its variants (#060.c, #057.c1), which is also a common
Linear A header, both A-DE, A-DU, and JA-DI. It is
likely that in PE He 1, the heading there is a variant on A-DE.

Other
signgroups with this sign also have strong Linear A parallels.

055 = KE - KN, MA/M+P

Palaeographically, it
is possible that 055 is the predecessor to
Linear AB 44 /
KE/ke. The Linear A parallels slightly support this identification:
for example, [ KE-RO-RO3[
(#022.g.) - cf. KA-RE-RO (HT Wc 3003).

In three signgroups sign 055 is adjacent to 031
RE or 070 RO.

056 = KU - KN,
MA/M+P, PE - ALL

The sign morphologically resembles an inverted
Linear A KO *70. Signgroup 057-034-044-049 (#302.a) conflates two common
signgroups 057-034-056 KI-TA-KU and 044-049
KO-RO3, and demonstrates that
044 (identified as KO) and 056 (here
identified as KU) have similar phonetic structures.

Only with
some difficulty can the sign be seen as a predecessor to AB 81 ; its appearnace on HT Wa 1518 and 1552 (GORILA 5, p.
xli) looks perhaps like a schematic right-side up version of Hiero 056,
but otherwise Linear A 81 seems to be based on some other
predecessor.

The sign is the one usually used in the transaction term
056-070 KU-RO
"total" or "total paid," and it is from this usage that the phonetic value
has been determined (see Younger 2003).

057 = KI - KN,
MA/M+P+N

Morphologically, the sign resembles an inverted AB 67
/ KI/ki.

The
sign is the one usually used in the transaction term 057-092 KI-RU
"deficit" (see Younger 2003).

058 = PU - KN

DOCS2 33
fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar in shape to AB 29 /
PU2/pu2.

The sign does not appear
frequently; the Linear A parallels for the signgroups give some support
for the phonetic identification: cf. PU-VIR2 058-002 (#053.e) with
Linear A PU-VINa (HT 14.1, HT 123a.3-4); ]
]-PU-RE-KU ]-058-031-056 (#053.aB) with
PU2-RE-JA (PK Za 16, ZA Zb 34), and others.

059 = MA? - KN, MA/M

CHIC p. 19 table
identifies the sign as similar in shape to A fraction E.

Morphologically, the sign does not resemble any A or AB syllabogram.

The only Linear A parallel for SA-JA- is SA-JA-MA (HT 31.3); if MA is the value, the other signgroups containing this
sign have plausible Linear A parallels: cf. WA-MA?-TE 041-059-025 (#320) with A-MI-TA (ZA
10b.4-5); MA?- DE-RE 059-054-031 (#017.g-b) with JA-MI-DA-RE (HT
122a.4); and others.

060 =
KO2 - KN, MA/M+P

For
the identification, see Evans, SM 71, fig. 39, where he identifies
this sign as the prototype for Cypro-Minoan KO.

Sign 060 is often written next to 049 and 070 (e.g., KO2-RO3 060-049 [#099.a],  KO2-RO- 060-070- [#029.g]), as
if it were subsituting for 044 and 056 to form the transaction terms 044-049 and 056-070. Sealstone
#271.g presents the three signs together,
060-044-056, as if to confirm the sign's phonetic identification as /Kv/;
and #074 similarly presents 060 together with 044: 042-070-060-044. The signgroup on document #074
should probably be rearranged, therefore, to read > < >042 <044-060-070 A
KO-KO2-RO, perhaps related to the
heading A-KA-RU (HT 2.1, 86a.1 + b.1).

061 = termination sign - KN, MA/M+P, PE -
ALL

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar in
shape to B 75 we.

The sign seems to function only as a terminal, and may
indicate the end of a signgroup or phrase (see CHIC pp. 365-6). On #034
and #294.g1, 061 spans the entire height
of the row like a divider (cf. #040.a1 and b1); similarly, I read
061 on
#036.a as lines (Brice Review, fn. 6).

The other exceptions are
examined here (I omit examples of ]061- and -061-[ and retrograde
and circular readings).

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar
in shape to AB 06 /
NA/na.

Linear A 06 NA not only retains the top dot in most
occurrences, but dots create the haft as well (see GORILA 5,
xxviii).

The Linear A parallels for the signgroups containing this sign
give some support for the phonetic identification, especially
A-KA-NU-ZA-TI (KN Zc 7) for X 009-056-062 X 036-047
A2-KU-NA X
SA2-QE (#126).

063 = PA - KN, MA/P

Linear A 03 PA
retains the central dot in 3 of its written occurrences (see GORILA 5,
xxviii).

The Linear A parallels for the signgroups containing this sign
give some support for the phonetic identification (e.g., cf. A-PA-KO
042-063-060 [#112.d, #113.d] with A-PA-KI [KN Zb 40.1], and PA-JA 063-038 [#112.c] with PA-JA [HT 41a.4]).

064 = DA

Morphologically, the sign could
resemble AB 01 /
DA/da; the sign, however, occurs only twice (#087, #330), in
fragmentary signgroups whose direction of reading is not even certain.

065 = NU? - 4 times: KN, MA/M,
PK

Morphologically, the sign could, with some imagination,
resemble AB 55 /
NU/nu (to keep the thickness, the Linear A sign is made with two
uprights, joined above & below to resemble the thick ends of the
Hieroglyphic sign).

It occurs on 5 seals (where it could be decorative)
and in 2 documents (#009.g and #317) whose reading is not completely
certain.

066 = ?

The
sign occurs four times only (its reading on the seal #204 is
doubtful); it probably is a divider.

A third
occurrence, it accompanies 071, which is also
probably a divider: X
038-071-066-070 (#059.aB1), probably better read as X JA--RO (cf. JA+RU, HT 6a.3).

067 = ? - 1x at KN

The
sign appears only once (#027.g).

068 = Rv - KN,
MA/M

The sign is probably a terminal.

Inflection Sequence 2b
suggests the sign had a phonetic value /Rv/, which the Linear A parallels
confirm.

CHIC sign 086 is a hapax
legomenon; 068 includes some examples on sealstones where the top and
bottom are closed [#225.a, and especially close on #272.c],
the latter looking very much like the sign identified as 086 in PE Hh
016.b2. Might 086 be another version of 068?

074 & 075 appear together and
only once (#053.c), where it is clear that they function as sets of
numbers, 20 and 30 respectively.

076 = O? on sealstones
only.

Morphologically, the sign could be the predecessor to AB 61
(see GORILA V, p. xxxviii): the "handle" on the
Hieroglyphic sign being transferred to the end of rectangle and the whole
up-ended with the "handle" up. The sign appears in only three signgroups,
for which there are scant Linear A parallels.

077 = RU2 -
KN, MA/M+V

The sign is not morphologically related to any AB
sign.

The sign is probably not an initial, and it appears mostly in the
transaction term
056-077, "total" or "owed" (e.g., #113.b2, #328) or in the signgroup
/A-RU/ (e.g., #039.a3, #047.a, #095.a).

078 = DO

Morphologically, the sign could be
a predecessor for Linear B 14 DO. It appears in
only four signgroups (#020.b2; #058.b2, d2; PE Hh 02.A-B), for three of
which, however, Linear A parallels suggest a phonetic rendering DU.

079 = ? - The sign is not
morphologically related to any AB sign, and it appears only once
(#057.b1).

080 = ? - The sign is not
morphologically related to any AB sign, and it appears only once (#092.a,
PE Hh 017.a).

081 = ? - The sign is
not morphologically related to any AB sign, and it appears only once
(#077).

082 = ? - The sign is not
morphologically related to any AB sign, and it appears only once
(#080).

083 = ? - The sign may be a
schematic version of sign 011 (see comments to #078).

084 = LANA, the equivalent of 3 double minas (sign
051, , the standard unit of weight, 2.89 kg, from
4 sheep in the Near East), and the predecessor to Linear B *135 (see
Younger 2005).

The sign appears only once (#089.b1), but there it is
stated that it refers to TA-TELA (cloth), probably the same as
Linear A's TELA+TE, and that it is equal to 051-051-051; the Linear A
sign 312 which also looks like a small dagger and occurs as an adjunct to
TELA; perhaps it had the phonetic value of KU.

085 = WI

DOCS2 33 fig. 6 identifies the sign as similar in shape
to AB 40 / WI/wi,
for which there is scant Linear A support. The sign appears only twice
(#041.b, #110.b).

086 = ? 068
. See comments to 068, above. The sign appears
only once (#035.b).

087 = Linear A
*301

Morphologically sign 087 should be the predecessor to Linear A *301.

The
sign appears in only one document (#319: ]*, ]*-RO-RA3), along with the next sign 088 which is morphologically akin to Linear A
*313.

088 = Linear A *313
.

Sign 088 occurs
with sign 087 in one document, #319.

It
appears only one other time: X 160
-003/VIR3160 (#049.d2). If an adjunct, it
would then function like Linear A *313 which occurs in three versions, all
only with VIR (perhaps VIR occurred before the break in the sherd, #319).
In three documents, Linear A VIR+*313 occurs at the end of a list (HT
89.3; HT 94a.2; HT 100.3) and just before the total (KU-RO; also see HT
127b.5); *313 occurs thrice more, as part of a couple VIR+*313b and CYP+D,
on just one document KH 7a.2-5. It is possible, then, that the inscription
on #319 contains some version of KU-RO.

089 = ?

The sign is not morphologically related to
any AB sign, and it appears only twice (#047.b, #065.b4). It is possible
that it functions as an adjunct to commodities (like ,
*152 BOS on #065.b4; and to a total KO3 VIN on #047.b: X ,
-KO[-RO3] VIN).

090 = ?

The sign is
not morphologically related to any AB sign, and it appears only once
(#113.b2), as the second sign of the signgroup 037-090 KU-, perhaps a version of
KU-RO, "total."

091 = ?

The sign is not morphologically related to any AB sign, and it
appears only once (#331).

CHIC p. 19 table identifies the
sign as similar in shape to AB 38 / E/e, which it formally resembles. The sign
occurs in four signgroups (#241, #251, #328, PE Hh 02.A-B),
for three of which Linear A provides plausible parallels.

095 = RA -
sealstones only

The five occurrences of this sign in A-SA-SA-095 are all on sealstones
(#179, #202, #203, #205, #313); it is
possible that this is the sign for /RA/ on sealstones while 027 = RA3 is
the sign for /RA/ on clay documents.

096 = QA - 1 time (MA/M
#087)

CHIC p. 19 table identifies this sign as the possible
prototype to AB 16 /
QA/qa. It appears only on #087 in a 3-sign signgroup, which has a
plausible Linear A parallel.

*163 = TELA2

The logogram *163 is hapax legomenon on #103. It resembles
041 but has "fringe" at both ends and a fringed
line in the center running obliquely from lower left to upper right
(rather than the simple line running from upper left to lower right in
041). If 041 resembles a cloth on a loom, *163 resembles a rug.