Heart, the driving force. The constant and steady contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscle is what ensures the continuum of life. The heart is essentially responsible for provision of nutritional products from food to cellular level. This is executed by ensuring perfusion of all the organs of the body with blood which is made possible by the seemingly inexhaustible contractions of the heart muscle.academic speech topics With every beat, the heart pumps blood into the circulation. Each beat is followed by a small period of relaxation during which the heart fills up with blood to be pumped during the next beat. Once in the circulation the blood travels through the arteries into smaller and smaller arteries until it reaches the capillaries where the nutrients in the blood are finally exchanged with the cells for waste products and carbon dioxide produced from cellular metabolism. The blood then carries this waste product from the cells back into circulation via the vessels, now veins. These veins gradually increase in their caliber until they finally reach the heart which first pumps it into the lungs in order to oxygenate the carbon dioxide rich blood and finally pumps it into circulation again. Taking the heart out of the equation would mean imperative death for all the metabolic cycles held responsible to sustain the body and thus mean inevitable death.

From microscopic theory to macroscopic reality. Having established the importance of the cardiac muscle one questions the invariable ability of this fist sized organ to keep working through out a person’s life span. Moreover the synchronized contraction appears to be explicitly innate for the cardiac muscle compared to any other muscle in the body. This specificity of the cardiac musculature has to do with its histological uniqueness. The cardiac muscle fibres are like the skeletal muscle fibres in regards to the sarcoplasm, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules. However, the ion channels differ from those of skeletal fibres. The cardiac fibres have slow calcium channels in addition to fast sodium channels that are also present in skeletal fibres. Also the cardiac fibres unlike other muscle fibres in the body are connected together by intercalated discs. These discs provide permeable communicating junctions which allow free flow of ions(Guyton and Hall 2006). This ion flow in turn is necessary for generating the action potential responsible for the coordinated cardiac contraction.

As the action potential or electrical current spreads over the muscle sarcolemma and to the T tubules there is a release of calcium ions through voltage gated calcium channels from the muscle sarcoplasm into the reticulum. This allows the ions to bind to troponin which results in actin and myosin, the contractile units of the muscles to slide over one another which becomes apparent as a contraction. Thus when one of the fibres become stimulated the entire musculature behaves as single unit and contracts as one. As the calcium concentration decreases the ions unbind from troponin and the crossbridges formed by actin and myosin are dismantled and both the myofibrils assume their relaxed positions conforming their relaxed position. Afterwards the calcium is moved back into the reticulum with the help of energy dependent pumps called Ca-ATPase(Silverthorn 1988). In addition unlike skeletal and smooth muscle fibres the calcium is also removed via the sodium calcium exchange pump in the cardiac fibres. Macroscopically the action potential manifests as a contraction of the myocardium. The upper part of the heart designated as the atria contract first while the ventricles contract with a slight delay. Unlike contractions elsewhere in the body the cardiac contractions can be graded. The force of contraction can be varied depending upon the number of calcium supplements presented.

Historically the people of Haida-Gwai raised poles to mark special occasions in their history and daily lives such as the celebration of their heroes and mockery of their rivals.

The practice seemed to have died but was revived recently with a celebration that had several artistic significances. This is because the event symbolized the return to the traditional way of life and passage of pole carving techniques and other artistic features from one generation to the next.website to write a paper This paper takes a look at the artistic significance of the celebration.

To start with one pole, the ‘legacy pole’ was raised at the shoreline of the Lyell Island in southern Haida-Gwai. This pole commemorated the anniversary of the two agreements that resulted in the establishment of the Gwai Haanas National park Reserve and the Haida Heritage Site (KIRKBY 2014). The pole was careful designed in a process that took over a year. This was as a result of the hard work required in designing the pole as it had to conform to the occasion i.e. the carves and images on the pole were to match the occasion thereby its artistic significance.

This preserve occupies an area of about 1,470km2 about 15% of Haida Gwai. No pole had been raised for the past 130 years because the tradition almost died out as a result of its condemnation by the western missionaries who accused it of helping in paganism and transmission of other diseases (Hitchcock 2014). This return to traditional practices of pole carving and raising was the artistic significance of the pole raising.

The pole was designed by a 33 year old artistic hero who used a 500 year old cedar from Port Clements. The pole had traditional symbols illustrating the history of the park, how the park is exceptional and what it meant to its founders. This was clearly an artistic work that required high dedication hence again the artistic significance of the pole raising ceremony.

The raising of the poles is a conservation of the people’s traditions. The new poles have a variety of relationships to the existing poles as well as the families that raise them. In the present day there are organizations that identify ‘intangible heritage’ and raise them to give voice to the otherwise voiceless people in the society. There are values that such organizations aim to keep and they are in line with the traditions of pole rising. This is another artistic significance of the pole raising as it brought to life traditional carving techniques as well as their passage to the next generation.

From the above it is beyond doubt that the recent poles raised had several artistic significances such as the revival of the traditional practices as well as passing the practices to the next generation and conservation of the environment. Traditional practices of carving were brought to life through the design of images that were to be on the poles to mark the special celebration. Clearly this got a couple of creative significances.

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Ree-isms at their best….

"I love not having to whip out annoying euphemisms like "Developmentally Disabled" or "Mentally Challenged" or "Intellectually Delayed." As a blood relative of a retarded person, I'm automatically exempt. I get to say retarded. Retarded." ~Ree Drummond, The Pioneer Woman

“…I have to admit, I sometimes like using the “r” word just to watch people squirm. Sometimes when I’m feeling particularly ornery, if someone in a conversation casually says, “retard” or “retarded”, I put on a dejected face and say, “Um, my brother is retarded. I don’t appreciate that.” I can usually last about 3.2 seconds through the look of terror on their face before I burst out laughing.” ~Ree Drummond, The Pioneer woman