Adderallis a combination of amphetamine stimulants (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine). It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain that may affect attention span and behavior.It is prescribed in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a condition where patients have a short attention span and becomes easily distracted, overly emotional, excessively active, and highly impulsive. Adderall (Aderall) is also used to treat narcolepsy (sudden and uncontrollable attacks of deep sleep).