Ancient Egypt

By: Samantha Coffman

Geography! The Nile River Flowing North from East Africa, the Nile River Created a long, fertile valley that ended in a marshy delta where the river flowed away into the Mediterranean sea. Africa's Nile River is the longest river in the world. It is more than 4,100 miles long. One role that was important was they formed a natural barrier that helped protect people living in the Nile River valley.

Stable food supply
The Egyptians needed fresh water to live. To them water was a source of food. They Caught fish, hunted water birds and other animals that gathered near water. The farmers settled near rivers. They dug canals, because of the rivers flooding. The farmers were successful because of the rich soil. They also grew fruit and vegetables.

Religion
The Egyptians believed that a person would need his or her body in the afterlife. Sometimes the body was stuffed and decorated with make-up, jewelry , and clothing.They believed that the gods used the heart to judge the dead persons soul. Also believed that in the after life was much like life in this world. So they buried other items like food and drinks, furniture , statues, clothing, gold, games, and mirrors. The ancient Egyptians believed it was important to worship the gods so that life would continue smoothly.

The RA - is shown as a falcon with the sun on his head. He was the god of creation. Ancient Egyptians believed that he created the world and that the rising sun was the symbol of creation and renewal.

The ANUBIS - is shown as a jackal or wild dog. He was the god of funerals and death and was often painted on the walls of the tombs as he was thought to protect the dead. Anubis also supervised embalming and was believed to have embalmed Osiris.

The Osiris - is shown as a human. He was killed by his brother Seth who was jealous and wanted to take his place as king. His wife found him and brought him back to life. Osiris was god of the underworld. All pharaohs became an Osiris when they died.

The Horus - is usually shown as a falcon and is known as a sky god. He was also the son of Osiris and Isis. Horus lost his eye fighting Seth after Seth killed his father. He was believed to give power to each pharaoh.

The arts
The ancient Egyptians made bracelets , necklaces, and jewelry. They decorated stones like turquoises. The most used colors were blue, red, green, and gold in their paintings. Also when some died they would decorate the wooden box very much.

System of government
The leader of the government was the pharaoh. The vizier had more power then anyone else but the pharaoh.

The Hatshepsut - Her temple is considered one of the great achievements in Egyptian architecture. The Ramses - is a large temple that was located on the west bank of the Nile near the city of thebe's.

The Khufu - was the second pharaoh of fourth dynasty, ruling about twenty five centuries before Christ.

The Senusret - was the second pharaoh of the twelfth dynasty of Egypt. He ruled from 1971 BC to 1926 BC, and was one of the most powerful kings of this dynasty.

Advances in technology
The Egyptians invented make up. The men wore it too. They made a dark eye make up called kohl from soot and other minerals. Also toothpaste. The Egyptians had a lot of problems with their teeth. They made it out of ashes, eggshells, ground up ox hooves. Also to go with the toothpaste, they also invented a tooth brush.

Social structure
The pyramid was important. On different levels there were different meanings so here they are.

At the bottom was the peasants. That meant a person who does farm work for wealthy land owners.

On top of the peasants were the artisans. That meant mostly a crafts person.

On top of the artisans were the scribes. That meant a person who mostly writes.

On top of the scribes was the priest. That meant

On top of the priest was the government officials. That meant someone who carried out orders for the pharaoh.

On top of the government officials was the pharaoh. That meant he/she was the ruler of ancient Egypt. Which means the Pharaoh had more power than the government officials, priest, scribes, artisans, and the peasants.

written language
The Egyptians wrote on papyrus (paper). They wrote with pens and hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics was writing involving 1,000s of symbols. We know how to read their form of writing because of the stone.

Conclusion
In conclusion doing this project has made me learn a lot. It will affect my life because Now I know that they invented toothpaste and the tooth brush. Now when I brush my teeth I will remember. Doing this project on ancient Egypt and on Egyptians was fun. I hope in the future I will have a similar project.