7 Cofactors and CoenzymesInorganic substances and vitamins are sometimes needed for enzymes to function properlyEx: Iron must be present in the structure of hemoglobin in order for it to pick up oxygen

8 Enzyme Inhibitors Competitive inhibitorInhibit the function of a specific enzymeCompetitive or noncompetitiveCompetitive InhibitorsResemble the enzyme’s normal substrate and compete with it for the active siteSubstrateEnzymeCompetitive inhibitor

9 Enzyme Inhibitors Noncompetitive InhibitorsDo NOT enter the active site!Bind to a different area of the enzymeThis causes the enzyme to change its shape, which alters the active siteThe enzyme can no longer bind to the substrateEnzymeNoncompetitiveInhibitorSubstrateAlteredActive site