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Outdoor enthusiasts have long recognized that multiple layers of clothing keep them warm in winter and from overheating in summer. Adding or removing garments is a practical way to adapt quickly to different activity levels and temperature changes during your time outside.

Many winter campers wear a system of underwear, a midlayer of polyester fleece (pants and top), followed by a windproof, water-resistant outer layer (windpants with full zips down the side for easy on/off and a high-performance wind shell with zippers under the arms for ventilation during active sports).

Underwear

While cotton was once the mainstay of long underwear
and cold-weather clothing, it is no longer
recommended for strenuous winter activities
because it soaks up moisture. Damp clothes are
heavier and, if next to your skin, can pose
a chilling hazard.

Modern performance underwear, made from polyester
or polypropylene, is most effective in moving
moisture away from your skin and into outer
layers of clothing where it can evaporate.

In addition to traditional shirts and "long
johns," many other garments, including short-sleeve
tops, bras, boxer shorts and briefs, are now
made with polyester fabrics to wick away chilling
perspiration.

Midlayer

If you are performing an active sport such as
skiing, or hiking in spring or fall, a polyester
fabric, such as fleece, is an ideal second layer
over your long underwear. It continues to trap
your body warmth while wicking away moisture.
Even in warmer seasons, a midlayer is useful
to have handy in your pack for those times you
begin to chill (particularly during rest stops.)

Outerwear

Depending on weather conditions, you may
want to wear wind-resistant, water-resistant
pants and an anorak over your other clothes.
How many layers you need depends on your level
of exertion, personal preference and weather
conditions.

Rainwear

Be prepared for severe weather. Carry a waterproof
rain jacket and pants with you, even if the
forecast is for sunshine.

Hat

Up to 80% of your body heat can be lost through
your neck and head. Carry a hat with you for
added warmth or protection from the sun.

For overnight trips, carry a lightweight polypropylene
hat. It stores compactly
in your pack pocket and doubles nicely as a
comfortable sleeping hat in cool weather.

Winter campers often carry a hat system consisting
of a lightweight polypropylene liner and a nylon
shell to adjust to changing winter temperatures.

Socks

For maximum comfort and blister prevention,
many hikers wear two layers of socks, a thin
polyester sock liner with a thicker outer sock.
On overnight or extended trips, be sure to carry
enough socks to be able to change into a fresh
set each day.