Politely (and not so politely) making requests

Similar to asking for favors, which we learned in the last lesson,
there are also various ways to make requests in Japanese. This is
effectively the Japanese way of saying, "please do X". We'll first
learn the most common way to make requests using a special conjugation
of the verb 「くださる」 and the firmer 「なさる」.
Finally, we'll learn the rarely used excessively strong command form
for the sake of completeness. You can safely skip the last part unless
you're an avid reader of manga.

「～ください」－ a special conjugation of 「くださる」

「ください」 is a special conjugation of 「くださる」, which is the honorific form of 「くれる」. We will learn more about honorific and humble forms in the beginning of the next major section. We are going over 「ください」 here because it has a slight difference in meaning from the normal 「くれる」 and the honorific 「くださる」. 「ください」 is different from 「くれる」 in the following fashion:

（１） それをください。- Please give me that.
（２） それをくれる？- Can you give me that?
As you can see 「ください」 is a direct request for something while 「くれる」 is used as a question asking for someone to give something. However, it is similar to 「くれる」 in that you can make a request for an action by simply attaching it to the te-form of the verb.
（１） 漢字で書いてください。- Please write it in kanji.
（２） ゆっくり話してください。- Please speak slowly.

The rules for negative requests are same as the rules for 「くれる」 as well.
（１） 落書きを書かないでください。- Please don't write graffiti.
（２） ここにこないでください。- Please don't come here.

In casual speech, it is often common to simply drop the 「ください」 part.日本語で話して。- Please speak in Japanese.消しゴムを貸して。- Please lend me the eraser.遠い所に行かないで。- Please don't go to a far place.

For those who want to sound particularly commanding and manly, it is also possible to use 「くれる」 with the 「る」 removed.日本語で話してくれ。- Speak in Japanese.消しゴムを貸してくれ。- Lend me the eraser.遠い所に行かないでくれ。- Don't go to a far place.

Because 「ください」
like the masu-form must always come at the end sentence or a
subordinate clause, you cannot use it to directly modify a noun. For
example, the following is not possible with 「ください」.
（１） お父さんがくれた時計が壊れた。- The clock that father gave broke.

Of course, since direct quotes is merely repeating something someone
said in verbatim, you can put practically anything in a direct quote.
（１） 「それをください」とお父さんが言った。- Father said, "Please give me that."

Using 「～ちょうだい」 as a casual request

A casual alternative of 「ください」 used usually by females is 「ちょうだい」. It is always written in hiragana. Written in kanji, it is usually used in a very formal expression such as 「頂戴致します」. There's not much more to say here because grammatically; it works the same way as 「ください」.

Examples

Using 「～なさい」 to make firm but polite requests

「なさい」 is a special honorific conjugation of 「する」.
It is a soft yet firm way of issuing a command. It is used, for
example, when a mother is scolding her child or when a teacher wants a
delinquent student to pay attention. Unlike 「ください」, 「なさい」
only applies to positive verbs and uses the stem of the verb instead of
the te-form. It also cannot be used by itself but must be attached to
another verb.

Using 「なさい」 to make firm but polite requests

Conjugate the verb to its stem and attach 「なさい」

例） 食べる → 食べなさい

例） 飲む → 飲み → 飲みなさい

例） する → し → しなさい

Examples

（１） よく聞きなさい！- Listen well!
（２） ここに座りなさい。- Sit here.

You can also drop 「さい」 portion of the 「なさい」 to make a casual version of this grammar.
（１） まだいっぱいあるから、たくさん食べな。- There's still a lot, so eat a lot.
（２） それでいいと思うなら、そうしなよ。 - If you think that's fine, then go ahead and do it.

The Command Form

We will go over the command form in the interest of covering all the
possible verb conjugations. In reality, the command form is rarely used
as Japanese people tend to be too polite to use imperatives. Also, this
coarse type of speech is rarely, if indeed at all, used by females who
tend to use 「なさい」 or an exasperated 「くれる」
when angry or irritated. This form is only really useful for reading
comic books or watching movies. You may often see or hear 「死ね！」 ("Die!") in movies or manga which, of course, you'll never hear in real life. (I hope!)

Be sure to note that, in addition to the familiar 「する」, 「くる」 exception verbs, 「くれる」 is also an exception for the command form.

Rules for creating command form

ru-verbs - Replace the 「る」 with 「ろ」

u-verbs - Change the last character from an / u / vowel to an / e / vowel

Exceptions - 「する」 becomes 「しろ」, 「くる」 becomes 「こい」, 「くれる」 becomes 「くれ」

Sample ru-verbs

Plain

Command

食べる

食べろ

着る

着ろ

信じる

信じろ

寝る

寝ろ

起きる

起きろ

出る

出ろ

掛ける

掛けろ

捨てる

捨てろ

Sample u-verbs

Plain

Command

ローマ字

ローマ字 (Com)

話す

話せ

hanasu

hanase

聞く

聞け

kiku

kike

遊ぶ

遊べ

asobu

asobe

待つ

待て

matu

mate

飲む

飲め

nomu

nome

直る

直れ

naoru

naore

死ぬ

死ね

shinu

shine

買う

買え

kau

kae

Exception Verbs

Plain

Command

する

しろ

くる

こい

くれる

くれ

Examples

（１） 好きにしろ。- Do as you please.
（２） あっち行け！- Go away!
（３） 早く酒を持ってきてくれ。- Hurry up and bring me some alcohol.

The negative command form is very simple: simply attach 「な」 to either
ru-verbs or u-verbs. Don't confuse this with the 「な」 gobi we will be
learning at the end of this section. The intonation is totally
different.

Using the negative command form

Attach 「な」 to the verb.

例） 行く → 行くな

例） する → するな

Examples

This is not to be confused with the shortened version of 「～なさい」 we
just learned in the last section. The most obvious difference (besides
the clear difference in tone) is that in 「～なさい」, the verb is first
converted to the stem while the negative command has no conjugation.
For example, for 「する」, 「しな」 would be the short version of 「しなさい」 while 「するな」 would be a negative command.

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