The younger Cousteau will take part in experiments and work with documentary filmmakers in an undersea lab called Aquarius off Key Largo, south of Miami.

It features Internet, air conditioning and portholes to take in the views, plus higher-than-normal atmospheric pressure.

If he makes it to his target, Cousteau said he will break his grandfather’s record to “honor” his legacy and “his aquanauts and all the previous aquanauts who have done such fantastic work”.

He and his team of researchers, engineers and cameramen, will head down to the 65-foot (20-meter) Aquarius on Sunday at 10:00 am (1400 GMT).

Three of the researchers, led by Cousteau, will stay put under water until July 2, observing sea life, the effects of pollution on coral and of long-term underwater stays on people.

Every day, they will be able to dive for about 12 hours until 10:00 pm, when they will rest for eight hours.

Cousteau’s grandfather, who died in 1997, used to say that “in order to film a fish, you have to become a fish,” Fabien Cousteau recalled.

“And what better way to film the unknown and the final frontier on our planet, than to actually become a fish for 31 days.”

– Complicated business –

“This is a very complicated and difficult endeavor, it’s a very unique project,” cautioned the younger explorer.

And he knows more than a thing or two about the family business, having grown up on his grandfather’s vessels Calypso and Alcyone, and having started diving at four years old.

Yet fast-paced technological progress made since his grandfather died changes what researchers can do on such an expedition in many ways.

“It’s the first time that a Cousteau expedition has ever been able to invite the world in real time” thanks to the Internet, the explorer said, noting that teammates would be able to speak to students during the effort.

The explorers can be followed on a live feed at www.mission-31.com.

“My grandfather must have dreamed of this but didn’t have the technology to do it,” Cousteau said with a smile.

“It is like living in a very small apartment with five of your new best friends” but with very high humidity, he added, noting that the team “will miss things like family and friends, in my case my dog.”

Life in Aquarius “is very difficult. It is very humid inside. We have an air conditioner all the time just to try to keep the living quarters semi-dry,” Cousteau explained.

“We will be getting regular deliveries of clothes, so every few days every four or five days we will get new t-shirts from the surface.”