A risk factor is something that increases your likelihood of getting a disease or condition.

It is possible to develop a
cold
or
influenza
with or without the risk factors listed below. However, the more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood of developing a cold or influenza. If you have a number of risk factors, ask your doctor what you can do to reduce your risk.

The vast majority of the population in any given area may get colds or influenza during the course of a year. The average rate for adults in the US is three or four infections per person per year. Children get even more.

Risk factors include:

Smoking

Smoking
greatly increases the frequency of colds in adults. Smokers are also at a higher risk for complications from colds and the flu.

Poor Hygiene

Colds and influenza are passed through person-to-person contact, so people who do not
wash their hands
are at higher risk of spreading and contracting colds or influenza.
Also, touching your nose, mouth, and eyes with contaminated fingers can spread germs to yourself.

Crowded Populations

People in crowded living conditions are at an increased risk, as well.

Medical Conditions

People who have certain medical conditions are at a higher risk for complications. Examples include:

Age

Children and the elderly are at increased risk for complications.

Disability

People with physical or mental disabilities may have trouble practicing preventive measures, and they may not be able to easily communicate their symptoms. These issues place them at an increased risk for getting sick and for complications.

Stress and Other Mental Health Factors

You may be at an increased risk for contracting a cold if you are under a lot of stress or if you feel
anxious
or
depressed
.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.