Christ's Descent into Hell and His Resurrection

by Fr. William G. Most

After His death, the soul of Jesus, still united to the divinity, descended into the
realm of the dead, which the Creed calls "hell", in the old English usage. It
does not mean at all the hell of the damned. He visited what is called the Limbo of the
Fathers. For the just, who had died in the state of grace, and had paid all the debt of
their sins, were still not admitted to the vision of God until Jesus had died.

When a soul reaches the vision of God, by that vision, it knows all that pertains to it
on earth. But without that vision, it would not know any of these things, unless God might
decide to give a special revelation. Of course, then, the afterlife was very different
then from what it is now. So we can understand some otherwise strange texts in the Old
Testament. Job 7. 9-10 says that the dead one "does not return to his house." Of
course not, the resurrection will be not a return to the present mode of life. Psalm 6:6
asks "who in Sheol can praise you?" Sheol is the realm of the dead. The Psalmist
is thinking of the grand liturgical praise of God, which the Hebrews really loved. That
liturgical praise of course is not found in Sheol. In Isaiah 38:19 we read that
"those who go down to the pit cannot hope for God's fidelity." The
"fidelity" means God's faithful keeping of His covenant promises. Those in Sheol
cannot appeal to the covenant. Qoheleth 9:10 says there is no work in Sheol--of course
not. It says there is no knowledge--that is, of what goes on on earth.

Jesus came to take them out of that drab and dull place. Then there was fulfilled what
St. Paul wrote in Philippians 2:9-10: "God exalted Him and gave to Him the name that
is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus, every knee should bend, of those in
heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth." This can also refer to the power of
Jesus over Satan. The passage is poetic, and so need not mean that Sheol is under the
earth.

Jesus rose from the dead, as He had foretold in John 2:19-22, and elsewhere. Sometimes
Scripture says He rose, that is, by His own power. In as much as He is God, this is true.
It also says the Father raised Him: this is true, thinking of His human nature.

So many witnesses saw Him after this resurrection, for example we have an enumeration
of them in First Corinthians 15:5-8.

How can we arrange in plausible order the events after His resurrection? In more than
one way, e.g., : 1) Magdalen and other women come to the tomb at dawn, and see it is
empty, 2) In excitement she or they run to the Apostles (Matthew here, between 20:8
&9, omits the visit of Peter and John, our item 3), 3) Peter and John do not believe
but do run to the tomb, and see it empty. They do not see Jesus, 4) Peter and John leave,
Magdalen then sees Him, takes Him for the gardener; He makes himself known, 5) Jesus
appears to Peter, 6) He appears to two men on road to Emmaus, 7) They go back to the
Apostles, hear Peter had seen Him, 8) He appears to the Eleven, gives them the power to
forgive sins. 9) Thomas was absent, Jesus comes again, 10) Further appearances at Lake of
Galilee.

Taken from The Basic Catholic Catechism
PART THREE: The Apostles' Creed II - V
Fifth Article: "He descended into hell, the third day He rose again from the
dead"