4. According to Viktor Shklovsky, what novel was "the most typical novel in world literature" because it impeded its own story-line so that it never gets off the ground?(a) "Tristram Shandy." (b) "History of the Rebellion." (c) "Don Quixote." (d) "Animal Farm."

5. What is the name of the Russian formalist who published the pioneering essay that is the "beginnings of the transformation which has taken over literary theory in this century"?(a) Viktor Shklovsky. (b) Fyodor Dostoevsky. (c) Leo Tolstoy. (d) Alexander Pushkin.

6. During the Romantic period, how is literature more than "idle escapism"?(a) It is the affirmation of creative values expunged from English society. (b) It is the celebration of totalarian values enforced in English society. (c) It is the acceptance of totalarian values rejected in English society. (d) It is the rejection of creative values celebrated in English society.

7. For the economist Eagleton discusses, "those economists who dislike theory or claimed to get along better without it" were what?(a) Had no knowledge of any theory. (b) Didn't understand the importance of theory. (c) In the grip of an older theory. (d) In the grip of the most current theory.

8. According to Eagleton, as the first industrialist capitalist nation, England becomes what kind of state?(a) A free state. (b) A wealthy state. (c) A police state. (d) A perfect state.

9. Who wrote "What is Literature" on literary reception and was published in 1948?(a) Roland Barthes. (b) Stanley Fish. (c) Wolfgang Iser. (d) Jean Paul Sartre.

10. According to Eagleton, what idea is "truly elitist" in literary studies?(a) "The idea that literature is the only way to understand a particular culture." (b) "The idea that literature should not be read by those without a higher degree." (c) "The idea that works of literature can only be appreciated by those with a particular sort of cultural breeding." (d) "The idea that literature can only be understood by writers of literature."

11. According to the Russian formalist Osip Brik, Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" would have been written if Pushkin had what?(a) Been uneducated. (b) Not lived. (c) Married early. (d) Died young.

12. What person is NOT included in the ranks of Russian formalists?(a) Boris Tomashevsky. (b) Heinrich Wolffin. (c) Roman Jakobson. (d) Viktor Shklovsky.

13. According to Eagleton, the subject in phenomenology was the source of all what?(a) Oppression. (b) Life. (c) Violence. (d) Meaning.

14. What role does reception theory examine?(a) The reader's role. (b) The teacher's role. (c) The critic's role. (d) The author's role.

15. Eagleton argues that for Stanley Fish, what a text "does" to us is a matter of what we do to what?(a) To the author. (b) To the reader. (c) To the text. (d) To the critic.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Eagleton, why did the Russian formalists NOT see a literary work as a vehicle for ideas, reflection of reality, or transcendental truth?

2. What period did our own definition of literature begin to emerge, according to Eagleton?

3. According to Eagleton, what is ironic about those who complain of the difficulty of literary theory?

4. For the Romantics, why was their vision of a just society was inverted into a nostalgia for an old and "organic" England?

5. According to Eagleton, Stanley Fish's model excludes the possibility that there is a ______ of interpretations?