SECTION 3

Complete each sentence with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each space.

Student Union Elections

21. There are…………………………..colleges in the university.

22. This election is held to choose…………………………..student union officers.

23. Turnout last year was only…………………………..percent of those eligible to vote.

Questions 24 – 30

Complete the notes below. For questions 24 and 25 write ONE WORD for each answer. For questions 26 -30 write the letter A – D. Write A if Maria approves, B if David approves, C it both approve, D if neither approves.

CANDIDATE

Good choice?

Jenny de Groot

24…………………………… Officer

26……………………………………….

Michael McCarthy

Entertainments Officer

27……………………………………….

Wu Bing
Lei
Overseas Officer

28……………………………………….

Charles Law

25……………………………… Officer

29……………………………………….

Brian McKay
Liaison
Officer

30………………………………………..

SECTION4

Questions 31 -32

Choose TWO answers.

The main topics of the lecture are

A. introduction lo linguisticsB. the history of European languagesC. various languagesD. how languages developE. languages and evolution

Questions 33 – 40

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each space.

33. Examples of natural languages are English, …………………………………………………..

34. In reality, natural languages are always ……………………………………………………….

PIDGIN

CREOLE

Orgins

Came into being when two groups couldn’t communicate in 35……………………………….

Developed from pidgin into 36……………………………………

Spoken

In Papua New Guinea, the Caribbean, 38……………………………………..

In, for example, 37………………………………….

Features

Simplified form of one of the two groups’ languages. Words have more 39………………………………………..

As complex as natural languages.
Have to fight to get the 40……………………………………………

The texts below are transcript for your IELTS Listening Practice Test. To make the most out of this transcript, we removed some words from the texts and replaced with spaces. You have to fill each space with the missing word by listening to the audio for this IELTS listening practice test.

TASK II: GAP-FILLING

Section 1

You will hear a guide introducing tourists to the Red River Festival.

Now, as I’m sure you know, the Red River [……………………………..]– that is, the Red River International Music and Arts Festival, to give it its full name – is on while you are here, and I’m sure I speak for all the [……………………………..]of Red River in inviting you most [……………………………..]to attend. The festival takes place over a long weekend – that is, it starts on the Friday afternoon and runs until Sunday evening. Normally the festival would take place on [……………………………..], the same day as American [……………………………..]Day, but this year we have [……………………………..]it for the fourth of August.

Now, you can buy [……………………………..]for this festival either by the day or for the whole festival. The second option is cheaper, although of course not everyone can [……………………………..]for the whole time. A day’s ticket is [……………………………..], and it’s [……………………………..]for the whole festival. That’s very good value. If you want tickets, you are [……………………………..]to get them early, because there are always more visitors than tickets. Space is limited, so buy early! You can get them direct from the festival organisers’ [……………………………..], the festival office, and I’ll give you that address later, or you can get them from any of our three post offices or one of the many [……………………………..]in the town. Last year we [……………………………..]them from tourist advice centres and the Town Hall, but this year it was decided to limit the number of outlets to cut down on [……………………………..]costs.

The weather is looking good. The [……………………………..]expect it to be one of the hottest and [……………………………..]weekends of the year, so it’s perfect for the festival, although I would remind you to cover up and be aware of the dangers of too much [……………………………..]. If it gets too hot for you, you could always stay inside for some of the indoor events. And of course you’ll be able to get food – from [……………………………..]and snacks to barbecues, as well as [……………………………..]fast food – from several stands. There will be a bar this year, but after last year we will only be selling soft drinks, beer and wine. We have decided not to bother with a [……………………………..], there won’t be any [……………………………..]on sale.

So, what’s on? Well, I can only give you a flavour of the many [……………………………..]we have coming this year, but if I can name one of my personal favourites, you must see Petie’s Dozen, a traditional New Orleans jazz band. They were here last year, and were so popular that we’ve invited them back. If you like classical music, we’ve got a string [……………………………..]from Poland, [……………………………..]called Strings, playing classical favourites. We’ve also got rock bands, a blues band from the UK, a group of traditional [……………………………..]beer hall singers, and another of my favourites, The Fiddlers, who come from Ireland. Their special brand of folk music is popular all over the world. Moving on, then, to other [……………………………..]in the Red River area. For children, there’s lots to do and see, from [……………………………..]to theme parks … (fade)

Section 2

You will hear a man and a female bank employee talking about getting a loan.

(phone rings)

Woman: Good afternoon, County and District Bank Customer Services. Can I help you?

Man: Hello? I need to speak to someone about getting a loan, an [……………………………..].

Woman: Yes, perhaps I can help you. Do you bank with us, sir?

Man: Yes. My name is Mick O’Drew.

Woman: Sorry, sir. Your [……………………………..]is …

Man: O’Drew. Mick O’Drew but my full name is Michael.

Woman: And can I have your account number, please, Mr O’Drew?

Man: Yes, ifs [……………………………..].

Woman: That’s … fine. Now, 1 just need to confirm some details for [……………………………..]reasons. What is your address?

Man: It’s 24, Kilverton Drive. That’s in Chalvey.

That’s C-II-A-L-V-E-Y. Er … the postcode is… [……………………………..].

Woman: Aid your telephone number?

Man: [……………………………..].

Woman: And can you tell me your date of birth, Mr O’Drew?

Man: Yes. It’s [……………………………..].

Woman: Thank you. Now, there are some gaps in your file here. I don’t seem to have an address for you at work.

Man: No, when 1 joined your bank I didn’t have a job.

Woman: Ah …

Man: But I do now. I work for Culver Engineering. Thats in Carbuiy. The address is 30, Works Yard. Carbuiy.

Woman: Could you repeat that?

Man: Works Yard. W-O-R-K-S Y-A-R-D. It’s two words.

Woman: Right. Thank you. Do you have a work telephone number where we can [……………………………..]you, please?

Man: Yes, it s …[……………………………..].

Woman: 7509.

Man: Nojt’s 79509.

Woman: Oh, right. Thank you. How long have you been there, Mr O Drew?

Man: Urn… I started in 1997…no, 1998.

Woman: OK, that’s fine. And can you tell me your current salary, please?

Woman: Now, you would like an overdraft. Do have any other major debts?

Man: What do you mean?

Woman: Well, are you paying a [……………………………..]on your house?

Man: Yes…

Woman: How much is that every month?

Man: It’s about [……………………………..].

Woman: I see… And do you have any credit cards or [……………………………..]?

Man: Yes. I pay 45 pounds a month in credit card charges. Oh, and about 19 pounds a month for my [……………………………..]– that’s with J.H. Olney, the clothes shop.

Woman: Do you have any personal loans, or hire [……………………………..]agreements?

Man: None whatsoever.

Woman: Right, well, the loan shouldn’t be a problem. I can set it up for you in the morning. I’ve set your limit at [……………………………..], although you can raise this to [……………………………..]if you’re still having problems. Just give us a ring if you need to.

Man: Oh, that’s great. Thank you. Goodbye.

Woman: Goodbye, sir.

Section 3

You will hear a conversation between two students, David and Maria, about the candidates for an election for student officers.

David: Hi Maria. Have you [……………………………..]yet?

Maria: Oh, hello. David. Erm, what did you say? David: Have you voted yet? You know, in the studenl union [……………………………..]?

Maria: Well, no… I mean, they’ve only just [……………………………..]the names of the final [……………………………..]. The first round elections were only held last week.

David: But I’ve voted already!

Maria: Yes… hut that’s the first round. You know how this works, don’t you?

David: Well, not exactly. I mean, I thought you just voted…

Maria: It’s pretty simple, but it’s made more [……………………………..]because this university has four [……………………………..], not just one. Each college can have many candidates for each post. These are reduced to a logical number, then the real voting takes place.

David: So what did I vote for last week?

Maria: That was the first round, like I said. You voted for the candidates for [……………………………..]College, thats all. There are also candidates from the other three colleges.

David: Oh, I see.

Maria: Well, there are seven [……………………………..]to apply for in the union, although two of those are dealt with later in the year. That’s the president and the [……………………………..]. Anyway, each college sends one [……………………………..]on to the second round, so that’s four in all for each post – in other words …

David: In other words, it’s 20 candidates. That’s quite a lot!

Maria: It isn’t when you think that there are [……………………………..]at this college!

David: No, I suppose not. Can they all vote?

Maria: Yes. Part-time and full-time students – everyone. But most don’t. Only about a quarter of those [……………………………..]to actually bothered.

David: So who are the candidates from our college?

Maria: There was a [……………………………..]about it this week.

Some of the students stood as candidates for several posts before the final ones were selected. I think Jenny de Groot is standing for Women’s Officer. She wanted to be Finance Officer but Law got that post.

David: She seems to be more suited to working for the female students here.

Maria: Yes, I like her – she’s the best person for the job, fm not sure I’d [……………………………..]Michael McCarthy for his post. He’s putting up for Entertainments Officer.

David: Doesn’t he [……………………………..]the Saturday night band for the college? And the sports events? Surely he’d be ideal — he has so much experience.

Maria: Maybe. I don’t think he chooses the right kind of groups for the college — he’s too wayout. He’s not my choice.

David: Who’s the candidate to be [……………………………..]Officer?

Maria: A Chinese student who’s been here for just over a year. She’s the president of the Chinese club and she [……………………………..]some interesting [……………………………..]evenings for them. She seems to be quite capable

David: Do you really think so? She’s in my seminar group for [……………………………..]. Her English is quite poor and she’s so shy she never mixes with us.

Maria: Oh, there are 30 different [……………………………..]here, so she’d need to be more [……………………………..]. Perhaps Vikram Patel would have been a better choice.

David: Yes, I think so. Who did you say was finance officer? Law? Charles Law? he does [……………………………..]so he should be able to cope with the post. He’d be responsible for a lot of money.

Maria: I’ve always thought he was [……………………………..]and didn’t he fail some of his exams in the first year? Doesn’t sound too [……………………………..]to me.

David: OK. yes. You’re probably right! Who’s the other person on the list?

Maria: It’s Brian McKay.

David: Oh, McKay. He’s quite a character. What position is he standing for?

Maria: He wants to be the Liaison Officer. The person who lets the teaching [……………………………..]know about any problems the students might have. He’s such a sociable person he’d be a great [……………………………..].

David: Yes3 he’s articulate and [……………………………..]but he wouldn’t be my first choice. Anyway they’re only the candidates from Peterborough College so we’ll have to wait for the results of the real [……………………………..]next week to see who actually gets each post.

Maria: Yes, we can discuss this again.

Section 4

You will hear a lecturer giving a talk on languages.

[Lecturer]

Thank you all for coming. Are we all here …? Right, well, let’s begin …

This lecture, as you know, is the third in our course. Introduction to [……………………………..]. Today we’ll be looking at a variety of different languages, not any one [……………………………..]one, and we’ll be looking especially at languages which can help us understand how both language_and languages evolve. Another issue that we will be [……………………………..]is the way in which languages have changed over time. These are fairly [……………………………..]areas, and they have proved to be rather difficult to [……………………………..]. There are many different [……………………………..], some of which we’ll look at today, (pause for 3 seconds)

[Lecturer]

But first I want to talk [……………………………..]about a few different ways of looking at a language. Now, the language we all speak – English – is what is called a “natural” language, like French, German, Greek. What do we mean by that? Well, it’s a difficult term to define, because most languages have [……………………………..]naturally, except for a very few such as [……………………………..], which was invented in the [……………………………..]. So I suppose that what we mean by “natural” is a language which we consider [……………………………..], fixed, not constantly changing. Now, as we know, all languages are in fact constantly changing, so it’s something of a [……………………………..], but let’s put it another way: “natural” languages are [……………………………..]by us to be permanent: they didn’t appear suddenly, they grew up out of other things.

Now, I want to [……………………………..]these languages with two other kinds of language, pidgin languages and [……………………………..]languages. A pidgin language is a language which is forced into being by [……………………………..]– usually some sort of situation where two groups meet and don’t speak each other’s language, and they invent an [……………………………..]language, usually for the purpose of trade, or sometimes war. An example is Tok Pisin, which is a [……………………………..]spoken in Papua New Guinea.

A creole language, on the other hand, develops from a pidgin into a full language. This happens when the pidgin starts having [……………………………..]– that is, people whose first language is the pidgin. This happened in the case of the French creole spoken in New Orleans, for example.

Pidgins are found all over the world, especially in areas which are or were once important trade [……………………………..]. The Caribbean, China, India, the Pacific _ Basically, pidgins can be [……………………………..]with one or two important [……………………………..]. They are made up of parts of the two languages spoken by the group that have met – the trading groups or whatever – and they are usually based on a [……………………………..]form of one of those languages. That is, their grammar is a less complicated version of the grammar in one language. They use [……………………………..]from both languages, but there are fewer words, so each word often has more than one meaning. For example, in Tok Pisin, “gras-bi long-face” means “hair” or “beard”. The [……………………………..]is also made simpler, as pidgins lose the complex vowels of the parent languages.

Creoles, on the other hand, formed when pidgins are learnt as a first language, are just as complex as so- called natural languages. They are [……………………………..]pidgins. There is often a considerable element of [……………………………..], as the emphasis moves from communication, which to pidgin speakers is most important, to community, which is the mark of a creole. That is, a creole is a community who speak a different, [……………………………..]language. They often have to struggle to get their language [……………………………..].

As to where pidgins come from, there are basically two [……………………………..]. The first claims that all pidgins are [……………………………..]from a medieval trading language, what you might call the first pidgin, called Sabir. This is believed to have been based on [……………………………..]. It was spread as the Portuguese traders went from place to place. (fade)

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