The U.S. History text that brings history to life by teaching you how to work with and think critically about sources.

With a fully integrated collection of illuminating primary and secondary sources and prompts that help you understand and analyze those sources (both written and visual), Exploring American Histories provides you with an active, building-blocks approach to learning the fundamental concepts of American history. Buy the package with LaunchPad to get the most comprehensive set of tools to help you study, including adaptive quizzing, flashcards, and more, or buy the package with Achieve Read & Practice for the most affordable way to get the adaptive quizzing tool alone, which will help you learn the fundamentals covered in the text.

Nancy A. Hewitt

Nancy A. Hewitt (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) is Professor Emerita of History and of Women’s and Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Her publications include Southern Discomfort: Women’s Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s-1920s, for which she received the Julia Cherry Spruill Prize from the Southern Association of Women Historians; Women’s Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822-1872; and the edited volume No Permanent Waves: Recasting Histories of U.S. Feminism. Her latest book--Radical Friend: Amy Kirby Post and Her Activist Worlds—appeared in 2018.

Steven F. Lawson

Steven F. Lawson (Ph.D., Columbia University) is Professor Emeritus of History at Rutgers University. His research interests include U.S. politics since 1945 and the history of the civil rights movement, with a particular focus on black politics and the interplay between civil rights and political culture in the mid-twentieth century. He is the author of many works including Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America since 1941; Black Ballots: Voting Rights in the South, 1944-1969; and In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks and Electoral Politics, 1965-1982.

Put Sources at the Heart of Your Course

The U.S. History text that brings history to life by teaching you how to work with and think critically about sources.

With a fully integrated collection of illuminating primary and secondary sources and prompts that help you understand and analyze those sources (both written and visual), Exploring American Histories provides you with an active, building-blocks approach to learning the fundamental concepts of American history. Buy the package with LaunchPad to get the most comprehensive set of tools to help you study, including adaptive quizzing, flashcards, and more, or buy the package with Achieve Read & Practice for the most affordable way to get the adaptive quizzing tool alone, which will help you learn the fundamentals covered in the text.

E-book

Read online (or offline) with all the highlighting and notetaking tools you need to be successful in this course.

Launchpad

Table of Contents

The Combined Volume includes all chapters. Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-14.Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-29.NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, source feature quizzes, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, summative quizzes, all of the documents from the companion reader Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, and the Thinking through Sources activities built for projects in the reader – has been labeled on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, videos, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, timeline activities, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.PrefaceVersions and SupplementsMaps, Figures, and TablesHow to Use This Book1. MAPPING GLOBAL FRONTIERS, TO 1585Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Malintzin and Martin WaldseemüllerNative Peoples in the AmericasNative Peoples Develop Diverse CulturesThe Aztecs, the Maya, and the IncasNative Cultures to the NorthEurope Expands Its ReachThe Mediterranean WorldPortugal Pursues Long-Distance TradeEuropean Encounters with West AfricaGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 1.1 Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringman, Universalis Cosmographia, 1507Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadWorlds CollideEuropeans Cross the AtlanticCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Who Are These Native People? Document 1.2 Christopher Columbus, Description of His First Encounter with Indians, 1492; Document 1.3 Antonio Pigafetta, Journal, 1521Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadEuropeans Explore the AmericasMapmaking and PrintingThe Columbian ExchangeEuropeans Make Claims to North AmericaSpaniards Conquer Indian EmpiresSpanish Adventurers Head NorthEuropeans Compete in North AmericaSpain Seeks Dominion in the AmericasSOLO ANALYSIS Document 1.4 Theodor de Bry, Engraving of the Black Legend, 1598Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadConclusion: A New AmericaLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 1 Indian and Spanish Encounters in the Americas, 1520–1555Document 1.5 Hernán Cortés, Letter to King Charles I, 1520Document 1.6 Aztec Priests Respond to the Spanish, 1524Document 1.7 Hernán Cortés and Malintzin Meet Montezuma at Tenochtitlán, 1519Document 1.8 Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, La Relación, c. 1528Quiz for Document Project 1LaunchPad1. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 1: Mapping AmericaLaunchPadDocument 1.1 Christopher and Bartolomeo Columbus, Map of Europe and North Africa, c. 1490Quiz for Document 1.1 LaunchPadDocument 1.2 Piri Reis Map, 1513Quiz for Document 1.2 LaunchPadDocument 1.3 Dauphin Map of Canada, c. 1543Quiz for Document 1.3 LaunchPadDocument 1.4 Map of Cuauhtinchan, 1550Quiz for Document 1.4 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 1: Mapping America LaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 1 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 1 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 1 LaunchPad2. COLONIZATION AND CONFLICTS, 1550–1680Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Captain John Smith and Anne HutchinsonReligious and Imperial TransformationsThe Protestant ReformationSpain’s Global Empire DeclinesFrance Enters the Race for EmpireGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 2.1 A French Nun Reports a Huron Woman’s View of the Jesuits, 1640Quiz for Guided AnalysisLaunchPadThe Dutch Expand into North AmericaThe English Seek an EmpireThe English Establish JamestownTobacco Fuels Growth in VirginiaExpansion, Rebellion, and the Emergence of SlaveryCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Indentured Servants in Maryland Document 2.2 Sarah Tailer Charges Captain and Mrs. Thomas Bradnox with Abuse, 1659; Document 2.3 John Smith et al. Petition the Governor and Council for Redress, 1663Quiz for Comparative AnalysisLaunchPadThe English Compete for West Indies PossessionsPilgrims and Puritans Settle New EnglandPilgrims Arrive in MassachusettsThe Puritan MigrationThe Puritan WorldviewDissenters Challenge Puritan AuthorityWars in Old and New EnglandSOLO ANALYSIS Document 2.4 Captain John Underhill, Attack at Mystic, Connecticut, 1638Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadConclusion: European Empires in North AmericaLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 2 King Philip’s WarDocument 2.5 William Nahaton, Petition to Free an Indian Slave, 1675Document 2.6 Benjamin Church, A Visit with Awashonks, Sachem of the Sakonnet, 1716Document 2.7 John Easton, A Relation of the Indian War, 1675Document 2.8 Edward Randolph, Report on the War, 1676Document 2.9 Mary Rowlandson, Narrative of Captivity, 1682Quiz for Document Project 2 LaunchPad2. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 2: Comparing Virginia and Massachusetts Bay Colonies LaunchPadDocument 2.1 John Smith, The Commodities in Virginia, c. 1612Quiz for Document 2.1 LaunchPadDocument 2.2 Powhatan’s Viewpoint, as reported by John Smith, 1609Quiz for Document 2.2 LaunchPadDocument 2.3 John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity, 1630 Quiz for Document 2.3 LaunchPadDocument 2.4 Richard Frethorne, Letter Home from Virginia, 1623Quiz for Document 2.4 LaunchPadDocument 2.5 Letter Home from Massachusetts Bay, 1631Quiz for Document 2.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 2: Comparing Virginia and Massachusetts Bay Colonies LaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 2 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 2 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 2 LaunchPad3. COLONIAL AMERICA AMID GLOBAL CHANGE, 1680–1750Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: William Moraley Jr. and Eliza LucasEuropeans Expand Their ClaimsEnglish Colonies Grow and MultiplyFrance Seeks Land and ControlThe Pueblo Revolt and Spain’s Fragile EmpireEuropean Wars and American Consequences Colonial Conflicts and Indian AlliancesIndians Resist European EncroachmentGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 3.1 The Tuscarora Appeal to the Pennsylvania Government, 1710Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadConflicts on the Southern FrontierThe Benefits and Costs of EmpireColonial Traders Join Global NetworksImperial Policies Focus on ProfitsThe Atlantic Slave TradeCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS The Middle Passage Document 3.2 Plan of a Slave Ship, 1794; Document 3.3 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadSeaport Cities and Consumer CulturesLabor in North AmericaFinding Work in the ColoniesSOLO ANALYSIS Document 3.4 Gottlieb Mittelberger, Laboring in Pennsylvania, 1756Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadCoping with Economic DistressRural Americans Face Changing ConditionsSlavery Takes Hold in the SouthAfricans Resist Their EnslavementConclusion: Changing Fortunes in British North AmericaLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 3 Tobacco and SlavesDocument 3.5 Virginia Slave Laws, 1662 and 1667Document 3.6 John Ball Instructs His Nephew on Managing Enslaved Workers, 1743Document 3.7 Enslaved Blacks Working on a Tobacco PlantationDocument 3.8 Richard Corbin Describes How to Become a Successful Planter, 1759Document 3.9 Lieutenant Governor William Gooch to the Board of Trade, London, 1729Quiz for Document Project 3 LaunchPad3. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 3: The Atlantic Slave Trade LaunchPadDocument 3.1 Venture Smith, A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, a Native of Africa, 1798Quiz for Document 3.1 LaunchPadDocument 3.2 Thomas Phillips, Voyage of the Hannibal, 1694Quiz for Document 3.2 LaunchPadDocument 3.3 Willem Bosman, A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea, 1703Quiz for Document 3.3 LaunchPadDocument 3.4 Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789Quiz for Document 3.4 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 3: The Atlantic Slave Trade LaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 3 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 3 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 3 LaunchPad4. RELIGIOUS STRIFE AND SOCIAL UPHEAVALS, 1680–1750Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Gilbert Tennent and Sarah GrosvenorAn Ungodly Society?The Rise of Religious AnxietiesCries of WitchcraftGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 4.1 Abigail Faulkner Appeals Her Conviction for Witchcraft, 1692Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadFamily and Household DynamicsWomen’s Changing StatusCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Elite Women’s Lives in the North American Colonies Document 4.2 Isaac Royall and His Family, 1741; Document 4.3 Eliza Lucas Letter to Miss Bartlett, London, c. 1742Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadWorking FamiliesReproduction and Women’s RolesThe Limits of Patriarchal OrderDiversity and Competition in Colonial SocietyPopulation Growth and Economic CompetitionIncreasing DiversityExpansion and ConflictReligious AwakeningsThe Roots of the Great AwakeningAn Outburst of RevivalsReligious DissensionPolitical AwakeningsChanging Political RelationsDissent and ProtestTransforming Urban PoliticsSOLO ANALYSIS Document 4.4 Andrew Hamilton’s Defense of John Peter Zenger, 1736Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadConclusion: A Divided SocietyLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 4 Awakening Religious TensionsDocument 4.5 Nathan Cole, On George Whitefield Coming to Connecticut, 1740Document 4.6 Benjamin Franklin, On George Whitefield, the Great Revivalist, 1739Document 4.7 Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, 1741Document 4.8 Newspaper Report on James Davenport, 1743Document 4.9 John Collet, George Whitefield Preaching, c. 1760Quiz for Document Project 4 LaunchPad4. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 4: A New Commercial Culture in BostonLaunchPadDocument 4.1 Ship Arrivals and Departures at Boston, 1707Quiz for Document 4.1 LaunchPadDocument 4.2 Goods for Sale, 1720Quiz for Document 4.2 LaunchPadDocument 4.3 Advertisement for Musical Instruments, 1716Quiz for Document 4.3 LaunchPadDocument 4.4 Chest of Drawers, ca. 1735–1739Quiz for Document 4.4 LaunchPadDocument 4.5 Advertisement for Runaway Slave, 1744Quiz for Document 4.5 LaunchPadDocument 4.6 Letter from a Boston Protester, 1737Quiz for Document 4.6 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 4: A New Commercial Culture in BostonLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 4 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 4 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 4 LaunchPad5. WARS AND EMPIRES, 1750–1774Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: George Washington and Hermon HusbandImperial Conflicts and Indian Wars, 1754–1763The Opening BattlesA Shift to Global WarThe Costs of VictoryBattles and Boundaries on the FrontierConflicts over Land and Labor EscalateGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 5.1 Hermon Husband, Causes of Armed Resistance in North Carolina, 1770Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadPostwar British Policies and Colonial UnityCommon GrievancesForging Ties across the ColoniesGreat Britain Seeks Greater ControlResistance to Britain IntensifiesThe Stamp Act Inspires Coordinated ResistanceCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Protesting the Stamp Act Document 5.2 London Merchants Petition to Repeal the Stamp Act, 1766; Document 5.3 The Repeal, 1766Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadThe Townshend Act and the Boston MassacreSOLO ANALYSIS Document 5.4 John Dickinson, Letter from a Farmer, 1768Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadContinuing Conflicts at HomeTea and Widening ResistanceThe Continental Congress and Colonial UnityConclusion: Liberty within EmpireLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 5 The Boston MassacreDocument 5.5 Deposition of William Wyatt, March 7, 1770Document 5.6 Account of Boston Massacre Funeral Procession, March 12, 1770Document 5.7 Paul Revere, Etching of the Boston Massacre, 1770Document 5.8 Account of Captain Thomas Preston, June 25, 1770Document 5.9 John Adams, Defense of the British Soldiers at Trial, October 1770Quiz for Document Project 5 LaunchPad5. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 5: Defining Liberty, Defining America LaunchPadDocument 5.1 The Albany Plan of Union, 1754Quiz for Document 5.1 LaunchPadDocument 5.2 Boycott Agreement of Women in Boston, 1770Quiz for Document 5.2 LaunchPadDocument 5.3 Peter Bestes and Massachusetts Slaves, Letter to Local Representatives, 1773Quiz for Document 5.3 LaunchPadDocument 5.4 Committees of Correspondence, 1773Quiz for Document 5.4 LaunchPadDocument 5.5 J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer, 1782Quiz for Document 5.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 5: Defining Liberty, Defining AmericaLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 5 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 5 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 5 LaunchPad6. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1775–1783Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Thomas Paine and Deborah SampsonThe Question of IndependenceArmed Conflict EruptsBuilding a Continental ArmyReasons for Caution and for ActionGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 6.1 Thomas Paine, Common Sense,January 1776Declaring IndependenceQuiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadChoosing SidesRecruiting SupportersCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS African Americans in New York City amid the Upheavals of 1776 Document 6.2 Slaves Destroy Statue of King George III in New York City, July 1776; Document 6.3 A Fire Burns British-Occupied New York City, September 1776Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadChoosing NeutralityCommitting to IndependenceFighting for Independence, 1776–1777British Troops Gain Early VictoriesPatriots Prevail in New JerseyA Critical Year of WarfarePatriots Gain Critical AssistanceSurviving on the Home FrontGoverning in Revolutionary TimesColonies Become StatesPatriots Divide over SlaveryFrance Allies with the PatriotsRaising Armies and FundsIndian Affairs and Land ClaimsWinning the War and the Peace, 1778–1781Fighting in the WestSOLO ANALYSIS Document 6.4 Mary Jemison, The War’s Impact on the Seneca Nation, 1823Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadWar Rages in the SouthAn Uncertain PeaceA Surprising VictoryConclusion: Legacies of the RevolutionLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 6 Women in the RevolutionDocument 6.5 Christian Barnes, Letter to Elizabeth Inman, April 29, 1775Document 6.6 Deborah Champion, Letter to Patience, October 2, 1775Document 6.7 Abigail Adams, Letter to John Adams, March 31, 1776Document 6.8 Esther De Berdt Reed, The Sentiments of an American Woman, 1780Document 6.9 Elizabeth "Mumbet" Freeman, 1811Quiz for Document Project 6 LaunchPad6. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 6: Loyalists in the American RevolutionLaunchPadDocument 6.1 Joseph Galloway, Speech to Continental Congress, 1774Quiz for Document 6.1 LaunchPadDocument 6.2 Charles Inglis, The True Interest of America, Impartially Stated, 1776Quiz for Document 6.2 LaunchPad Document 6.3 Hannah Griffits, Response to Thomas Paine, 1776Quiz for Document 6.3 LaunchPadDocument 6.4 Joseph Brant (Mohawk) Expresses Loyalty to the Crown (1776)Quiz for Document 6.4 LaunchPadDocument 6.5 Boston King, Memoirs of the Life of Boston King, 1798Quiz for Document 6.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 6: Loyalists in the American RevolutionLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 6 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 6 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 6 LaunchPad7. FORGING A NEW NATION, 1783–1800Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Daniel Shays and Alexander HamiltonFinancial, Frontier, and Foreign ProblemsContinental Officers Threaten ConfederationIndians, Land, and the Northwest OrdinanceGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 7.1 United Indian Nations Council, Message to Congress,1786Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadDepression and DebtOn the Political MarginsSeparating Church and StateAfrican Americans Struggle for RightsCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Women and Free Blacks Claim Rights in the Nation Document 7.2 Judith Sargent Murray, On the Equality of the Sexes, 1790; Document 7.3 Petition from Free Blacks of Charleston, 1791 Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadWomen Seek Wider RolesIndebted Farmers Fuel Political CrisesReframing the American GovernmentThe Constitutional Convention of 1787Americans Battle over RatificationOrganizing the Federal GovernmentHamilton Forges an Economic AgendaYears of Crisis, 1792–1796Foreign Trade and Foreign WarsThe Whiskey RebellionFurther Conflicts on the FrontierThe First Party SystemThe Adams PresidencyThe Election of 1800SOLO ANALYSIS Document 7.4 The Election of 1800Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadConclusion: A Young Nation Comes of AgeLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 7 Debating the Constitution in New York StateDocument 7.5 James Madison, Federalist 10, The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection, November 1787Document 7.6 Melancton Smith, Antifederalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788Document 7.7 Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788Document 7.8 John Williams, Antifederalist Argument at the New York State Convention, June 1788Document 7.9 The Eleventh Pillar of the Great National Dome, July 1788Quiz for Document Project 7 LaunchPad7. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 7: Whiskey RebellionLaunchPadDocument 7.1 Resolution to the Pennsylvania Legislature, 1791Quiz for Document 7.1 LaunchPadDocument 7.2 The Pittsburgh Resolution, 1794Quiz for Document 7.2 LaunchPadDocument 7.3 George Washington, Proclamation Against the Rebels, 1794Quiz for Document 7.3 LaunchPadDocument 7.4 Alexander Hamilton, Letter to George Washington, August 5, 1794Quiz for Document 7.4 LaunchPadDocument 7.5 James Madison, Letter to James Monroe, December 4, 1794Quiz for Document 7.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 7: Whiskey RebellionLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 6 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 6 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 6 LaunchPad8. THE EARLY REPUBLIC, 1790–1820Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Parker Cleaveland and SacagaweaThe Dilemmas of National IdentityEducation for a New NationLiterary and Cultural DevelopmentsGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 8.1 Samuel Jennings, Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences, 1792Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadThe Racial Limits of an American CultureEmigration and ColonizationA New Capital for a New NationExtending Federal PowerA New Administration Faces ChallengesCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS White Responses to Black Rebellion Document 8.2 Thomas Jefferson, Letter to U.S. Minister to Great Britain Rufus King, July 1802; Document 8.3 Leonora Sansay, Letter to Aaron Burr, November 1802Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadAcquiring the Louisiana TerritoryThe Supreme Court Extends Its ReachDemocratic-Republicans Expand Federal PowersRemaking America’s Economic CharacterThe U.S. Population Grows and MigratesTechnology Reshapes Agriculture and IndustrySOLO ANALYSIS Document 8.4 Timothy Dwight, Visit to Worcester (Massachusetts) Mills, 1821Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadTransforming Household ProductionTechnology, Cotton, and SlavesConclusion: New Identities and New ChallengesLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 8 The Corps of Discovery: Paeans to Peace and Instruments of WarDocument 8.5 William Clark, Journal, October 12, 1804Document 8.6 Charles McKenzie, Narrative of a Fur Trader, November 1804Document 8.7 William Clark, Journal, November 18, 1804Document 8.8 Clark and Lewis Journal, January 28 and February 1, 1805Document 8.9 Meriwether Lewis, Journal, August 20, 1805Quiz for Document Project 8 LaunchPad8. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 8: Race Relations in the Early RepublicLaunchPadDocument 8.1 Confession of Solomon, September 1800Quiz for Document 8.1 LaunchPadDocument 8.2 Andrew Jackson, Runaway Slave Advertisement, 1804Quiz for Document 8.2 LaunchPadDocument 8.3 Robert Sutcliff, Travels in Some Parts of North America, 1812Quiz for Document 8.3 LaunchPadDocument 8.4 Free Blacks in Philadelphia Oppose Colonization, 1817Quiz for Document 8.4 LaunchPadDocument 8.5 Richard Allen, Excerpt from The Life, Experience, and Gospel Labours of the Rt. Rev. Richard Allen, 1833Quiz for Document 8.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 8: Race Relations in the Early RepublicLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 8 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 8 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 8 LaunchPad9. DEFENDING AND REDEFINING THE NATION, 1809–1832Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Dolley Madison and John RossConflicts at Home and AbroadTensions at Sea and on the FrontierGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 9.1 Tecumseh, Speech to William Henry Harrison, 1810Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadWar Erupts with BritainNational Expansion and Regional EconomiesGovernments Fuel Economic GrowthAmericans Expand the Nation’s BordersRegional Economic DevelopmentEconomic and Political CrisesThe Panic of 1819Slavery in MissouriCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Protesting the Missouri Compromise Document 9.2 Timothy Claimright, Maine Not to Be Coupled with the Missouri Question, 1820; Document 9.3 Thomas Jefferson, Letter to John Holmes, 1820Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadThe Expansion and Limits of American DemocracyExpanding Voting RightsRacial Restrictions and Antiblack ViolencePolitical RealignmentsThe Presidential Election of 1828Jacksonian Politics in ActionA Democratic Spirit?Confrontations over Tariffs and the BankSOLO ANALYSIS Document 9.4 General Jackson Slaying the Many Headed Monster, 1836Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadContesting Indian RemovalConclusion: The Nation Faces New ChallengesLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 9 The Election of 1828Document 9.5 Proceedings of the Anti-Jackson Convention in Richmond, 1828Document 9.6 John Binns, Monumental Inscriptions, 1828Document 9.7 New Jersey Pro-Jackson Convention, 1828Document 9.8 Resolution of the Albany County Republican Convention, 1828Document 9.9 President Andrew Jackson’s First Inauguration, 1829Quiz for Document Project 9 LaunchPad9. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 9: The Panic of 1819LaunchPadDocument 9.1 Auction in Chatham Square Street, 1820Quiz for Document 9.1 LaunchPadDocument 9.2 James Flint, Account of the Panic, 1820Quiz for Document 9.2 LaunchPadDocument 9.3 Virginia Agricultural Society, Antitariff Petition, 1820Quiz for Document 9.3 LaunchPadDocument 9.4 James Kent, Arguments against Expanding Male Voting Rights, 1821Quiz for Document 9.4 LaunchPadDocument 9.5 Nathan Sanford, Arguments for Expanding Male Voting Rights, 1821Quiz for Document 9.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 9: The Panic of 1819LaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 9 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 9 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 9 LaunchPad10. SLAVERY EXPANDS SOUTH AND WEST, 1830–1850Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: James Henry Hammond and Solomon NorthrupPlanters Expand the Slave SystemA Plantation Society Develops in the SouthUrban Life in the Slave SouthThe Consequences of Slavery’s ExpansionGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 10.1 Edward Strutt Abdy, Description of Washington D.C., Slave Pen, 1833Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadSlave Society and CultureSlaves Fuel the Southern EconomyDeveloping an African American CultureResistance and RebellionPlanters Tighten ControlHarsher Treatment for Southern BlacksWhite Southerners without SlavesPlanters Seek to Unify Southern WhitesDemocrats Face Political and Economic CrisesThe Battle for TexasCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Two Views on Texas Independence Document 10.2 Colonel William Travis, Appeal for Reinforcements, March 3, 1836; Document 10.3 Benjamin Lundy, The War in Texas, 1836Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadIndians Resist RemovalVan Buren and the Panic of 1837The Whigs Win the White HouseThe National Government Looks to the WestExpanding to Oregon and TexasPursuing War with MexicoSOLO ANALYSIS Document 10.4 Richard Caton Woodville, War News from Mexico, 1848Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadDebates over Slavery IntensifyConclusion: Geographical Expansion and Political DivisionLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 10 Lives in SlaveryDocument 10.5 William Wells Brown, Memories of ChildhoodDocument 10.6 Harriet Jacobs, A Girl Threatened by Sexual ExploitationDocument 10.7 Solomon Northup, Endless Labor and Constant FearDocument 10.8 Friedrich Shulz, The Slave MarketDocument 10.9 Mary Reynolds, Recalling Work, Punishment, and FaithQuiz for Document Project 10 LaunchPad10. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 10: The Cherokee RemovalLaunchPadDocument 10.1 Andrew Jackson, Second Annual Message, 1830Quiz for Document 10.1 LaunchPadDocument 10.2 Petition of the Women’s Councils to the Cherokee National Council, 1831Quiz for Document 10.2 LaunchPadDocument 10.3 John Marshall, Majority Opinion, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 1831Quiz for Document 10.3 LaunchPadDocument 10.4 Andrew Jackson as the Great Father, ca. 1835Quiz for Document 10.4 LaunchPadDocument 10.5 John Ross, On the Treaty of New Echota, 1836Quiz for Document 10.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 10: The Cherokee RemovalLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 10 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 10 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 10 LaunchPad11. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FERMENT IN THE NORTH, 1820–1850Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Charles Grandison Finney and Amy PostThe Growth of Northern CitiesThe Lure of Urban LifeThe Roots of Urban DisorderThe New Middle ClassThe Rise of IndustryFactory Towns and Women WorkersGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 11.1 Harriet Robinson, Reflections on the 1836 Lowell Mill Strike, 1898Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadThe Decline of Craft Work and Workingmen’s ResponsesThe Panic of 1837 in the NorthSaving the Nation from SinThe Second Great AwakeningNew Visions of Faith and ReformTranscendentalismOrganizing for ChangeVarieties of ReformThe Problem of PovertyCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS How Can We Help the Poor? Document 11.2 Matthew Carey, Appeal to the Wealthy of the Land, 1833; Document 11.3 Mrs. Emily G. Kempshall, Letter to the Rochester Female Charitable Society, 1838Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadThe Temperance MovementUtopian CommunitiesAbolitionism Expands and DividesThe Beginnings of the Antislavery MovementAbolition Gains Ground and EnemiesSOLO ANALYSIS Document 11.4 Frederick Douglass, What, to the American Negro, is Your 4th of July?Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadAbolitionism and Women’s RightsThe Rise of Antislavery PartiesConclusion: From the North to the NationLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 11 Religious Faith and Women’s ActivismDocument 11.5 Charles G. Finney, An Influential Woman Convert, 1830Document 11.6 Elizabeth Emery and Mary P. Abbott, Founding a Female Anti-SlaverySociety, 1836Document 11.7 Maria Stewart, On Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality, 1831Document 11.8 Congregational Pastoral Letter, 1837Document 11.9 Sarah Grimké, Response to the Pastoral Letter, 1837Quiz for Document Project 11 LaunchPad11. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 11: Debating AbolitionLaunchPadDocument 11.1 William Lloyd Garrison, On the Constitution and the Union, 1832Quiz for Document 11.1 LaunchPadDocument 11.2 Angelina Grimké, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, 1836Quiz for Document 11.2 LaunchPadDocument 11.3 Stephen Symonds Foster, The Brotherhood of Thieves, 1843Quiz for Document 11.3 LaunchPadDocument 11.4 Liberty Party Platform, 1844Quiz for Document 11.4 LaunchPadDocument 11.5 Frederick Douglass, Abolitionism and the Constitution, 1851Quiz for Document 11.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 11: Debating AbolitionLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 11 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 11 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 11 LaunchPad12. IMPERIAL AMBITIONS AND SECTIONAL CRISES, 1842–1861Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: John C. Frémont and Dred ScottClaiming the WestTraveling the Overland TrailGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 12.1 Elizabeth Smith Geer, Oregon Trail Diary, 1847Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadThe Gold RushA Crowded LandExpansion and the Politics of SlaveryCalifornia and the Compromise of 1850The Fugitive Slave Act Inspires Northern ProtestCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS The Fugitive Slave Law Contested Document 12.2 William C. Nell, Meeting of Colored Citizens of Boston, September 30, 1850; Document 12.3 President Millard Fillmore, Proclamation 56 Calling on Citizens to Assist in the Recapture of a Fugitive Slave, February 18, 1851Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadPierce Encourages U.S. ExpansionSectional Crises IntensifyPopularizing Antislavery SentimentThe Kansas-Nebraska Act Stirs DissentBleeding Kansas and the Election of 1856The Dred Scott DecisionFrom Sectional Crisis to Southern SecessionJohn Brown’s RaidThe Election of 1860SOLO ANALYSIS Document 12. Republican Party Presidential Ticket, 1860Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadThe Lower South SecedesConclusion: A Nation DividedLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter Review Summative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 12 Visions of John BrownDocument 12.5State Register (Springfield, Illinois), The Irrepressible Conflict, 1859Document 12.6 Henry David Thoreau, A Plea for Captain John Brown, 1859Document 12.7 Reverend J. Sella Martin, Day of Mourning Speech, December 2, 1859Document 12.8 A Southern Paper Reacts to Brown’s Execution, December 3, 1859Document 12.9 Currier and Ives, John Brown on His Way to Execution, 1863Quiz for Document Project 12 LaunchPad12. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 12: Sectional Politics and the Rise of the Republican PartyLaunchPadDocument 12.1 Abraham Lincoln, On Slavery, 1854Quiz for Document 12.1 LaunchPadDocument 12.2 Republican Party Platform, 1856Quiz for Document 12.2 LaunchPadDocument 12.3 Charles Sumner, The Crime against Kansas, 1856Quiz for Document 12.3 LaunchPadDocument 12.4 Lydia Maria Child, Letter to Mrs. S.B. Shaw and Miss Lucy Osgood, 1856Quiz for Document 12.4 LaunchPadDocument 12.5 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858Quiz for Document 12.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 12: Sectional Politics and the Rise of the Republican PartyLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 12 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 12 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 12 LaunchPad 13. CIVIL WAR, 1861–1865Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Frederick Douglass and Rose O’Neal GreenhowThe Nation Goes to War, 1861The South Embraces SecessionGUIDED ANALYSIS Document 13.1 Robert Toombs, Supporting Secession in Georgia, 1860Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadMilitary Conflict and Political Strife, 1861–1862The Wartime Roles of African Americans and IndiansUnion Politicians Consider EmancipationWar Transforms the North and the SouthLife and Death on the BattlefieldCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Photographers Bring the War Home Document 13.2 Union Soldiers in Camp, c. 1863; Document 13.3 Battlefield Dead at Antietam, 1862Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadThe Northern Economy ExpandsUrbanization and Industrialization in the SouthWomen Aid the War EffortDissent and Protest in the Midst of WarThe Tide of War Turns, 1863-1865Key Victories for the UnionAfrican Americans Contribute to VictoryThe Final Battles of a Hard WarSOLO ANALYSIS Document 13.4 Eleanor Cohen Seixas, Journal Entry, February 1865Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadThe War Comes to an EndConclusion: An Uncertain FutureLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 13 Civil War Letters and JournalsDocument 13.5 Frederick Spooner, Letter to His Brother Henry, April 30, 1861Document 13.6 John Hines, Letter to His Parents, April 22, 1862Document 13.7 Suzy King Taylor, Caring for the Thirty-third U.S. Colored Troops, 1863Document 13.8 Thomas Freeman, Letter to His Brother-in-Law, March 26, 1864Document 13.9: Eliza Frances Andrews, On Union Prisoners of War, January 1865Quiz for Document Project 13 LaunchPad13. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 13: HomeFront Protest during the Civil WarLaunchPadDocument 13.1 John Beauchamp Jones, The Richmond Bread Riot, 1866Quiz for Document 13.1 LaunchPadDocument 13.2 Testimony of New York City Draft Riot Victim Mrs. Statts, collected by the Committee of Merchants for the Relief of Colored People, Suffering from the Late Riots, 1863Quiz for Document 13.2 LaunchPadDocument 13.3 Richmond Bread Riot Cartoon, 1863Quiz for Document 13.3 LaunchPadDocument 13.4 Clement L. Vallandigham, The Civil War in America, 1863Quiz for Document 13.4 LaunchPadDocument 13.5 Calls for Peace in North Carolina, 1863Quiz for Document 13.5 LaunchPadDocument 13.6 Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas Diary, 1864Quiz for Document 13.6 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 13: Home Front Protest during the Civil WarLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 13 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 13 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 13 LaunchPad14. EMANCIPATION AND RECONSTRUCTION, 1863–1877Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadAMERICAN HISTORIES: Jefferson Long and Andrew JohnsonEmancipationAfrican Americans Embrace Freedom GUIDED ANALYSIS Document 14.1 Freedpeople Petition for Land, 1865Quiz for Guided Analysis LaunchPadReuniting Families Torn Apart by SlaveryFreedom to LearnFreedom to Worship and the Leadership Role of Black ChurchesNational ReconstructionAbraham Lincoln Plans for ReunificationAndrew Johnson and Presidential ReconstructionJohnson and Congressional ResistanceCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Debating the Freedmen’s Bureau Document 14.2 Colonel Eliphalet Whittlesey, Report on the Freedmen’s Bureau, 1865; Document 14.3 Democratic Flier Opposing the Freedmen’s Bureau Bill, 1866Quiz for Comparative Analysis LaunchPadCongressional ReconstructionThe Struggle for Universal SuffrageRemaking the SouthWhites Reconstruct the SouthBlack Political Participation and Economic OpportunitiesSOLO ANALYSIS Document 14.4 Sharecropping Agreement, 1870Quiz for Solo Analysis LaunchPadWhite Resistance to Congressional ReconstructionThe Unraveling of ReconstructionThe Republican RetreatCongressional and Judicial RetreatThe Presidential Compromise of 1876Conclusion: The Legacies of ReconstructionLearningCurveLaunchPadChapter ReviewSummative Quiz LaunchPadDOCUMENT PROJECT 14 Testing and Contesting FreedomDocument 14.5 Mississippi Black Code, 1865Document 14.6 Richard H. Cain, Federal Aid for Land Purchase, 1868Document 14.7 Ellen Parton, Testimony on Klan Violence, 1871Document 14.8 Thomas Nast, Colored Rule in a Reconstructed (?) State, 1874Document 14.9 What the Centennial Ought to Accomplish, 1875Quiz for Document Project 14 LaunchPad14. Document Projects for Exploring American Histories, Document Project 14: Reconstruction in South CarolinaLaunchPadDocument 14.1 Colored People’s Convention of South Carolina, Memorial to Congress, 1865Quiz for Document 14.1 LaunchPadDocument 14.2 Lottie Rollin, Address on Universal Suffrage, 1870Quiz for Document 14.2 LaunchPadDocument 14.3 Robert Brown Elliott, In Defense of the Civil Rights Bill, 1874Quiz for Document 14.3 LaunchPadDocument 14.4 James Shepherd Pike, The Prostrate State, 1874Quiz for Document 14.4 LaunchPadDocument 14.5 Ulysses S. Grant, Letter to South Carolina Governor D. H. Chamberlain, 1876Quiz for Document 14.5 LaunchPadInterpret the Evidence and Put It in ContextTHINKING THROUGH SOURCES 14: Reconstruction in the South CarolinaLaunchPadOrganize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 14 LaunchPadDraw Conclusions from the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 14 LaunchPadEssay Questions for Thinking through Sources 14 LaunchPadAppendixAdmission of the States to the UnionPresidents of the United StatesThe Declaration of IndependenceThe Articles of Confederation and Perpetual UnionThe Constitution of the United States (including six unratified amendments)Admission of the States to the UnionPresidents of the United StatesGlossary of Key TermsGUIDE TO ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCES

Nancy A. Hewitt

Nancy A. Hewitt (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) is Professor Emerita of History and of Women’s and Gender Studies at Rutgers University. Her publications include Southern Discomfort: Women’s Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s-1920s, for which she received the Julia Cherry Spruill Prize from the Southern Association of Women Historians; Women’s Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822-1872; and the edited volume No Permanent Waves: Recasting Histories of U.S. Feminism. Her latest book--Radical Friend: Amy Kirby Post and Her Activist Worlds—appeared in 2018.

Steven F. Lawson

Steven F. Lawson (Ph.D., Columbia University) is Professor Emeritus of History at Rutgers University. His research interests include U.S. politics since 1945 and the history of the civil rights movement, with a particular focus on black politics and the interplay between civil rights and political culture in the mid-twentieth century. He is the author of many works including Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America since 1941; Black Ballots: Voting Rights in the South, 1944-1969; and In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks and Electoral Politics, 1965-1982.