The invention belongs to the field of robot engineering, in particular to an underwater hydraulic manipulator short-wrist rotary clamp driving structure which can be applied to ocean exploitation and underwater operation. The underwater hydraulic manipulator short-wrist rotary clamp driving structure comprises a joint shell, wrist rotary joint end covers, a gerotor motor component, a pipe joint, a sensor component, a clamp piston cylinder, a piston rod and a rotary sleeve fixing end cover, wherein the wrist rotary joint end cover on one end, the gerotor motor component and the sections A and B of the joint shell are connected by virtue of sealing bolts; the wrist rotary joint end cover on the other end, the clamp piston cylinder, the piston rod and the joint shell are connected; by virtue of reciprocating motion of the piston rod, the opening and closing of the clamp are driven; hydraulic oil is conveyed to the gerotor motor component and a straight cylinder by virtue of the pipe joint and an internal oil hole, so that revolution driving of a joint and reciprocating linear motion of the piston rod are realized; the joint is provided with a built-in full-sea-depth contact-type angle sensor, so that requirements of deepsea operations are met; the underwater hydraulic manipulator short-wrist rotary clamp driving structure has the advantages of compact structure, convenience in detachment, complete functions, low failure rate, capability of realizing full-sea-depth operations, and the like.