In the optimization of sports movements using computer simulation models, the joint actuators must be
constrained in order to obtain realistic results. In models of a gymnast, the main constraint used in
previous studies was maximum voluntary active joint torque. In the stalder, gymnasts reach their
maximal hip flexion under the bar. The purpose of this study was to introduce a model of passive torque
to assess the effect of the gymnast’s flexibility on the technique of the straddled stalder. A threedimensional
kinematics driven simulation model was developed. The kinematics of the shoulder flexion,
hip flexion and hip abduction were optimized to minimize torques for four hip flexion flexibilities: 100º,
110º, 120º and 130º. With decreased flexibility, the piked posture period is shorter and occurs later.
Moreover the peaks of shoulder and hip torques increase. Gymnasts with low hip flexibility need to be
stronger to achieve a stalder; hip flexibility should be considered by coaches before teaching this skill.