Why is Norway killing wolves?

The wolf-conflicts are growing in Norway. Last moth, thousands of people protested against legal killings. The international petition to stop to hunters got over 90,000 signatures. A recently published article tries to define the mechanisms behind the Norwegian attitude against the wolf. The article “When the lads go hunting: The ‘Hammertown mechanism’ and the conflict over wolves in Norway” dives into the principles of cultural resistance and more. Find the full article below.

Rural Norway will “never accept wolves”

The rural communities in Norway struggle with the desertification syndrome. Many young people move towards cities, hoping they will find better jobs there. The young adults that stay behind are the so-called ‘stayers’. They are the working-class, often sharing a passion for traditional hunting. Their opinion on large carnivores is clear: a limited number of lynx, wolverines, and even bears are accepted. But they will never accept wolves.

The wolf population in south-eastern Norway grew since the ’90s. Their arrival to new areas paired with growing concern from farmers, hunter and thereby also the local communities. Norwegian hunters united with the aim to exterminate the wolf from their hunting grounds. However, this requires adaptation of the national legislation and exemption of the international law. Until now, Norway has not been able to give full clearance to kill the wolves, despite continuous pressure.

3 photos of dead wolves SNO

3 photos of dead wolves SNO

3 photos of dead wolves SNO

A close network of hunters

According to the article, two concepts play an important role. These are the so-called ‘cultural resistance’ and ‘the Hammertown mechanism’, based on Paul Willis’ book Learning to Labour (1977). The cultural resistance does not necessarily fight the authorities, nor does it want social changes. Cultural resistance is a form to fight for an autonomy, to gain control over a part of your own life. The ‘Hammartown mechanism’ describes how different people end up in different social classes, due to their own actions in life. It may lead to autonomy in one level, but exclusion in other levels of society. The scientists found that the rural young men who liked to go hunting, were a normal part of society. Yet, looking at their contacts, the hunters formed a close network, as a separate group of people.

Direct hunting competition

Many locals see hunting as a form of traditional outdoor recreation. The reason for this is that during the 20th century, all large carnivores except the lynx were absent in Norway. Wildlife populations of ungulates, like deer and moose, flourished. To manage the growing numbers, many rural communities practised hunting as a form of income. This was either directly to serve food on the table, or indirectly to earn money for shooting the quotas. Now, Norways hold populations of lynx, wolverines, brown bears and wolves. The hunters feel their presence as direct threatening competition, while they actually help natural biodiversity.

Conflicts between cooking and shooting

Hunting in Norway is very masculine. Sons learn from their fathers and grandfathers the traditional ways of hunting. In modern society, the traditional masculine hunters also uphold the modern expectations. The young hunters who started a new family, did as much cooking, cleaning and caring as a modern family in urban areas. Thereby, a conflict between the masculine traditional way of life and the modern equality principles grew. But the forests changed as well. While the forest used to be a safe playground, shaped by humans, the new carnivorous inhabitants altered that. In the traditional view of the current hunters, the wolf does not belong in Norway. The Norwegian nature had to be a place for people and dogs to enjoy a walk. A place where wildlife had nothing to fear, except the hunters.

The hunters’ hate

The rural Norwegian hunters seem to respect the wolf as an animal. It is a great hunter, with competences that hunters and their dogs can only dream of. But they see the wolves’ presence is a threat to the hunters’ way of living. Still, hunters do not despise the wolf as an animal, which just follows its instincts. It appears to be the people who speak for the wolf, who have triggered the hunters’ hate against wolves.

The rural hunters usually see urban areas as bad, chaotic places where nature is absent. The alliance of politicians, resource managers, scientists and environmentalists that form the pro-wolf lobby, thereby become antagonists of the natural rural way of life. The city people see the wolf as part nature, while the rural people came to see the wolf as the idea of the urban population. The wolf became the icon of urbanisation, which is the biggest threat to their rural existence.

The growing gap between city and rural lands

Now that the wolf is returning on its own power, hunters are confronted with the urban view of nature. And it is the urban way of living that the hunters tried to avoid, by staying behind in the rural regions. The rural communities often feel ‘powerless’ against the urban population, thereby a strong feeling of resistance grows with the returning wolf. There needs to be only 1 extreme hunter that starts killing wolves, and the media displays the rural community as wolf-killers. The misconceptions, misunderstanding and mistrust between the city and rural land thereby further grow. But the hunters remain the underdogs.

The hunters have lost their trust in city people, including the academic people. They believe that scientists are part of the subjective pro-wolf group. The hunters believe their own observations, while disregarding scientific studies that modern society holds as highly valuable and objective. Meanwhile, European countries show examples that prove how cooperation works. Germany agreed on a common strategy for the wolf, could a comparable solution solve the problems in Norway?

6 thoughts on “Why is Norway killing wolves?”

Just had proof from local news sources that wolves are hunting less than a kilometre from my house in Sollihøgda.I moved here in 2012 and the first few weeks we could hear wolves calling in the night. We see a lot of the other local wildlife and are still annoyed that the attitude towards wolves is so negative from most.

Then again, in a country where there’s a clear inferiority complex it’s understandable that people are scared of such a skilled hunter.

So a moose hunter, sat on a post with a high powered rifle feels vindicated in shooting the animal? One common argument is that they pose a direct threat to children, but so do moose and the drunk drivers ferrying kids to their Saturday morning football games.

Norway needs to learn some tolerance! & thatgoes for slaughtering whales as well as wolves. Its a very wealthy country so there is no economic downside! They also have a great deal of wilderness which could easily accommodate a sustainable wolf population. this hunting mentality & clincal cold attitude to seriously declining wildlife needs to be stamped out.Its totally unnecessary. The wolf is a healthy part of an ecosystem .Get rid of the hunters ,not the wolves!

So do we and in fact more than 75% of Austrians and more than 67% of Germans: We are sure the numbers are similar in all EU countries. But if you read the research we highlighted, the wolf has become the focal point of a much larger discussion revolving around the challenges of urbanisation versus diminishing influence of the rural population. Wolves return to the rural countryside where the young generation is drawn into the cities and that wolf is protected by the same metropolitan population that has “lured” their children away.

So do we and in fact more than 75% of Austrians and more than 67% of Germans: We are sure the numbers are similar in all EU countries. But if you read the research we highlighted, the wolf has become the focal point of a much larger discussion revolving around the challenges of urbanisation versus diminishing influence of the rural population. Wolves return to the rural countryside where the young generation is drawn into the cities and that wolf is protected by the same metropolitan population that has “lured” their children away.

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