Friday, January 17, 2014

For many today, this is a secular age. Yet everywhere, we base our actions on belief. Popular investment in the system depends on faith. Every time you get on an airplane, you are participating in a culture of belief; you are trusting the credentials, training and abilities of the pilot and co-pilot; the company which hired them and which maintains the airplane; and the company which built the machine in the first place. You have to believe that they will collectively see you through to the arrivals gate at the other end of your journey. You are placing your life in their hands for a few precious hours. To travel by air, you have to believe you will survive.

Faith transmits an individual's power into the
system. On the basis of belief, we offer our ability to work, think and
function - the whole span of a personal lifetime - to every facet of larger society. Institutions and governments demand the same trust as an airline, but extend the period of trust across decades. In exchange for accepting these structures, as well as cultural and sub-cultural products marketed as mass and niche norms, we develop relationships and communities which support us. We participate in economies which should support us. The political, economic, social, institutional, business and governmental systems are worth as much faith as we give them. And if we stop believing in them, their power dwindles down, sometimes to nothing, and migrates elsewhere.

Thursday, January 16, 2014

On 8 January 2014, Vice posted an interview which discusses how bitcoin works and why.Quicker Coins:

Bitcoin is the leading crypto-currency in the world. The currency was
first generated by a mysterious group or individual named Satoshi
Nakamoto in 2009.

Wiki explains how a currency works when it has no banking or conventional financial infrastructure:

It is a cryptocurrency, so-called because it uses cryptography to control the creation and transfer of money. Users send payments by broadcasting digitally signed messages to the network. Participants known as miners verify and timestamp transactions into a shared public database called the block chain, for which they are rewarded with transaction fees and newly minted bitcoins.

The only one that supports the darknet with i2p capability. Join the
ranks of the underground forces and start saving up your Anoncoin. ... Why does this project exist? We want
to make sure cryptocurrency will still be available for use and trade
within the darknets even in the event that the central banks decide to
crack down on the bitcoin buisness on a large scale.

Anoncoin is currently the only cryptocoin that supports the i2p
darknet. With the addition of being fully tor compatible there is a huge
possibility of hiding in plain sight by transferring coins using the
darknets only. This kind of transfer across darknets, exchanges, and
“coin mixers” can help you ensure that the coins you received initially
either from mining, purchasing, or as payment of services can be fully
scrambled and thus not traceable back to your wallet. Even if the
blockchain is studied in detail there will be no way to tell which coins
belong to what wallet, nor any kind of ID.

Second generation crypto-currencies include Protoshares, eMunie, Mastercoin, MintChip, DYM and Opencoin. What are these things worth in real world currency terms? Look here.

Reihan Salam's Vice interview with Jerry Brito, a senior research fellow at George Mason University's
Mercatus Center and director of its Technology Policy Program, is posted below the jump. For more explanations on what these developments mean for society and the economy, see this article at Wiredand this podcast interview, in which GoldMoney's Andy Duncan talks to Jon Matonis. See the original bitcoin whitepaper by bitcoin designer 'Satoshi Nakamoto' here and a chat with bitcoin investors, the Winklevoss twins, here.

Litecoin mining contract on eBay. The bitcoin motto is Vires in Numeris ('strength in numbers') and appears here on a litecoin image. Image Source: eBay.

Above the jump: images from listings related to bitcoin and other crypto-currencies on eBay; the eBay listings were current at the time of writing this blog post. EBay's listings include many contracts for crypto-currency mining and bits of hardware necessary to do currency mining.

Earthcoin (EAC), pictured at the top of this post, is so new (it launched on 20 December 2013) that its Wikipedia entry (created 8 January) has not been edited yet. A child of litecoin, earthcoin's transactions are authorized by a decentralized peer-to-peer network. Its designers are issuing virtual coins in blocks, the size of which coincide with the movements of the heavens:

[D]ue to the recent cluster in the market we're all seeing developers
and teams try to bring something to market that will last, and all we get
are quick short lifecycles and 20 more coins before your portfolio can even
mature from last week[']s launches...

Our goal isn't to compete, as much as compliment, create balance, and
not divert into launching 9 more coins because we can. Instead, we'd like to
see what kind of actual substance and value we can create with a coin that
represents us all. No matter what race, age, ethnicity, we're all a part
of this beautiful planet, and who knows maybe this tiny lil' grass roots
idea might be enough to unite some/many of us!

EarthCoin is a new generation scrypt coin that is a descendant of Litecoin.
Like Litecoin - it uses scrypt as a proof of work scheme.

EarthCoin uses a 365 day period. It will start with 10,000 coins per block,
and it varies in a sine curve with amplitude of 2,000, with a period of
one year (like the Earth moving around the Sun).

This means that you start with 10,000 coins, and it adjusts at each block,
reaches a maximum of 12,000 coins per block after about 3 months, then
it will descend gradually to approx 10,000 coins per block again at about
6 months. Then a new minimum of 8000 coins per block at about 9 months.

Then we reverse that - to climb and return to 10,000 coins per block at
one year, before finally cutting the payout in half.

Coin Traderpraises earthcoin for something its competitors lack: good marketing (it is "Litecoin with a business plan" and a Facebook page), including the seemingly eco-friendly element in that the coin is named after the planet, and its rewards system follows the seasons:

This is where Earthcoin attempts to differentiate itself, somewhat. As
humans, we’re all used to working in different seasons.. now crypto-coin
mining is no different. The block rewards system is modeled after the
seasonal rotation of the Earth moving around the sun.. an interesting
concept, if you’re into mining.

Earthcoin's Website announces the new currency with a breathless, quasi-political, quasi-historical revolutionary overture:

We have all been poisoned for over 100 years and
suffer from the same affliction, whether we have been fortunate to live
in luxury or poverty, the disease has infected all of us. Some can live
with the disease for a lifetime through fortune, some do not get to
live at all. Some of us can eat food each and every day, some of us do
not get to eat at all.

Fractional reserve fiat currencies
have infected all aspects of human existence on the Earth. Through
direct examples as mentioned above or through indirect correlation as to
how cities are designed or how medicine is administered or where
strawberries are grown. Centrally organized institutions regulating the
money supply for the betterment of each of their respective nations,
trying to outwit one another to achieve exclusive benefits in an
ever-expanding inflationary environment that only destroys value with
each passing second. Some would call it a common divider. A mechanism
through its degradation that has fostered and supported fraud, cheating,
manipulation, counterfeit, crime, mistrust and War. ...

Imagine removing regulatory
bodies whose sole purpose was to ensure the integrity of a store of
value based on a set of standards and measurements through the checks
and balances of fallible men and instead giving that responsibility to
millions of upon millions of participants plugged into an automated
network, leaving standardization and confirmation of value up to perfect
algorithms, removed of the human condition.

Imagine waking up each and every day with naturally just a little bit more money than you had yesterday.

Imagine how cities
would be designed sustainably and how a man’s efforts in Bangladesh
would be rewarded with the same incentive as a man in the United States.

Imagine how loans would be discouraged and instead work effort and product would become more valuable as humanity expanded.

Imagine travelling
anywhere in the World to buy anything from anyone without middlemen
transaction fees or conversions. Imagine storing your currency on your
password protected cell phone where you are able to buy anything
anywhere at anytime, simply by scanning your QR-Code.

Imagine where our
efforts were all measured equally, where freedom was for everyone, and
where someone had the foresight to plan for the generations to come.

You have been taught not to
imagine this. You have been told it is not possible. You have been
told this by the very people who manage and control the fractional
reserve, fiat system.

We assure you it is real. We
assure you EarthCoin is real. It is already here. The roadmap to be
set forth soon for EarthCoin is nothing short of inspirational and
revolutionary.

Take back the planet. This isn’t just about paying for things in EarthCoins, this is a about a revolution!

There are warnings on the bitcoin forum against trade in pseudo-currencies outside exchanges (let alone on the exchanges). So what is going on on eBay? Even seasoned crypto-currency forum members were startled to see trade in these coins appear on the mainstream e-auction site. But here we are. According to Bitcoin Talk and the Earthcoin Website, earthcoin exchanges include:

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

BBCreports on the world's largest clone factory now operating in China:

The country is spending vast amounts on research - so much that one leading
British scientist says China is on course to overtake the US in 30-40 years'
time. [BBC] Science editor David Shukman was given rare access to one key area of Chinese
research - a laboratory which creates around 500 cloned animals per
year.

On 12 March, physicist Ken Bergeron stated: "we're in uncharted territory, we're in a land where probability says we shouldn't be." As the crisis unfolded, the HuffPo announced that there was no word in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's glossary for 'meltdown.' In a way, that lack of vocabulary has characterized the whole story, which is a miasma of confused information.

How does one amend an absence of information from creditable sources, without discrediting oneself? In May 2011, Vivian Norris mused at HuffPo about the terrible consequences of media silence around Fukushima:

I received the following email a few days ago from a Russian nuclear physicist friend who is an expert on the kinds of gases being released at Fukushima. Here is what he wrote:

About Japan: the problem is that the reactor uses "dirty" fuel. It is a combination of plutonium and uranium (MOX). I suspect that the old fuel rods have bean spread out due to the explosion and the surrounding area is contaminated with plutonium which means you can never return to this place again. It is like a new Tchernobyl. Personally, I am not surprised that the authority has not informed people about this.

... Why is this not on the front page of every single newspaper in the world? Why are official agencies not measuring from many places around the world and reporting on what is going on in terms of contamination every single day since this disaster happened? Radioactivity has been being released now for almost two full months! Even small amounts when released continuously, and in fact especially continuous exposure to small amounts of radioactivity, can cause all kinds of increases in cancers.

While foreign media have scrambled to gather information about the Fukushima Reactor, they have been denied access to the direct information provided by the government and one consequence of this is that "rumor-rife news has been broadcast overseas."

In fact, access has been limited in two ways. First, while Chief Cabinet Secretary Edano Yukio holds twice daily press conferences for representatives of the big Japanese media, registered representatives of freelance and internet media are limited to a single press conference per week. Second, in contrast to Japanese media who are briefed regularly by Edano and periodically by Prime Miniser Kan, foreign media are briefed exclusively by administrative staff.

Uesugi also notes that at TEPCO press conferences, which are now being held at company headquarters, foreign correspondents and Japanese freelancers regularly ask probing questions while mainstream journalists simply record and report company statements reiterating that the situation is basically under control and there is nothing to worry about. One reason for this, Uesugi suggests, is that TEPCO, a giant media sponsor, has an annual 20 billion yen advertising budget.

Fukushima became a disastrous test of the Web's credibility as an unconventional media source when compared to the MSM. What Fukushima shows is that Japanese and nuclear authorities did not even need to lie in order to discredit their critics. All they needed to do was release little or no information, or release it too slowly. By creating an information vacuum, they opened the door to endless speculation, which is wonderfully self-defeating, because it can all be dismissed as speculation, as hoaxes, as ignorant fear-mongering.

When guesses and speculation about what has happened at Fukushima prove to be wrong - or are declared to be simply unproven - then a false argument is constructed, whereby any truths about the dangers of the Japanese nuclear disaster can also be tossed out. Genuinely serious concerns, like the employment of homeless people in the clean up, are drowned out or dismissed on the grounds that there is 'not enough information.' And to worry about things when there is 'not enough information' is to become a crank who makes things up. It is a locked circle of anti-logic.

Fukushima showed that the Web is not the bastion of free speech and
unvarnished truth which its most idealistic supporters want and need it to be. Rather, the Internet is vulnerable to competing cultures of truth, in which data-driven arguments defend findings and counter-findings. Sub-cultures sprout up to defend different hierarchies of data-believability. But how can one get to the core, or corium, of truth in all of this?

Since the 1980s, crews have drilled nearWindischeschenbach in northern Bavaria in Germany; they made an exploratory hole almost six miles deep (29,859 feet). They chose a spot which once lay on the fault line of an ancient continent. From Discover Magazine blog:

Drilling of the KTB borehole began in the late 1980s in a region of
southern Germany called the Zone von Erbendorf-Vohenstrauß—the line
where two ancient landmasses once merged to become the supercontinent Pangaea. The geology was bound to be interesting here, but even geologists were surprised by what they saw ... shifting seismic plates, boiling hydrogen, and temperatures reaching 600
degrees Fahrenheit … . The deep-drilling experiment yielded huge surprises
about the structure of the earth, including maps of rock temperature,
new information about seismic pressure, and beautiful models that show
layers of rock wrapped around each other like ribbons.

The Russians drilled even deeper at the Kola Superdeep Borehole from 1970 to 1989; they eventually reached a depth of 40,230 feet, but then their funding ran out. This record-breaking borehole is no longer accessible.

The German KTB borehole is the deepest artificial accessible point in the world. There are deeper, inaccessible oil wells. The natural Mariana Trench is slightly deeper than the German borehole. The Trench was explored by Canadian film director James Cameron in an exploratory vessel, Deepsea Challenger, in 2012. Incidentally, when Cameron reached the bottom of the ocean in this dangerous and daring exercise, his phone rang. His wife called to check up on him. He later joked that once a man gets married, he might think he's free when he goes off to explore the limits of the world, but he can never escape his wife. L3 provided the communication system for this extraordinary phone call.

In the case of the German borehole, we have a different audio sample. Drilling at the German KTB borehole stopped because, as in the Russian case, the funding ran out. Before the project ended, Dutch Gen Y artist Lotte Geeven recorded sounds at the base of the borehole, which you can hear below.

You can see more about the story as it was originally reported at Gizmodo, which includes riveting seismic sound samples from earthquakes:

These moans aren't all that unique from the sounds beneath the boreholes, but they feel different to our human ears. Geoff Manaugh describes them as a "melancholic howl," while
[sound artist Mark] Bain ... says they are "a bell-like alarm denoting histories in the
making." Either way, we have our own ideas about what these cracks and
grumbles articulate about the secret world below our feet.