Fee-for-service is a standard business model where services are unbundled and paid for separately.

In Health insurance and the health care industry fee-for-service involves when doctors and other health care providers receive a fee for each service such as an office visit, test, procedure, or other health care service[1]. Fee-for-service health insurance plans typically allow patients to obtain care from doctors or hospitals of their choosing[1], but in return for this flexibility they may pay higher copayments or deductibles[2]. Patients frequently pay providers directly for services, then submit claims to their insurance company for reimbursement[2].

Beinecke, R., Pfeifer, R., Pfeiffer, D., & Soussou, N. (1997). The evaluation of fee for service and managed care from the viewpoint of people with disabilities in the USA: Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 19(12) Dec 1997, 513-522.

Holtzman, J., Chen, Q., & Kane, R. (1998). The effect of HMO status on the outcomes of home-care after hospitalization in a Medicare population: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Vol 46(5) May 1998, 629-634.