Farthest north

You can drive to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska on the Arctic Ocean from Fairbanks. The road north follows the Alaska Pipeline, but a large part of it is gravelled, not paved and there is significant truck traffic. I believe that's farther north than Inuvik.

Dalton Highway

Edit: The road ends about 8 miles from the ocean.. the rest is private roads to the Arctic Ocean, and you need written permission for this (or be part of a formal tour group, taken by an established tour operator).