Microstructural features of chromium carbide overlays (CCOs) were examined in this work. It was found that the microstructures can contain unmelted alloy powders. It was also shown that the structures of the primary M7C3 carbides are long hexagonal rods. Change in the microstructure from the top...

Heat distribution measurements in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) were concurrently measured at the cathode and anode giving increased insight and prediction capabilities. A calorimeter and water cooled cathode were used to determine energy partitions in GMAW for various electrodes, currents,...