The basic teaching of this sūrah is that the Day of Judgement
about which man is being forewarned is destined to come. No one has any prior
knowledge about its arrival, which will be as sudden as an unexpected rap at the
door. One should always remain apprehensive about it and be wise enough to be
always in a position to anticipate its arrival. On that day, people will emerge
from their graves as scattered moths appear in the rainy season; everyone will
be too busy in contemplating the fate which awaits him than to think about his
family. No one will be in a position to help anyone else. The tremendous
convulsion will render the mountains into tufts of carded wool let alone small
fortifications or entrenchments. On that day, man will only benefit from his
good deeds. God will set up the Balance of Justice in which all of man’s deeds
will be weighed. If the good deeds outweigh the evil ones, he will dwell in
eternal bliss and if the evil deeds tilt the scales, the scorching pit of Hell
will be his eternal abode.

Meaning of the Sūrah

The Pounding one!

What is the Pounding one!?

And what do you imagine what the Pounding one is? (1-3)

On that day, people will be like scattered moths and
mountains like tufts of carded wool. (4-5)

Then whose scales are heavy shall dwell in bliss and whose
scales are light, the abyss shall be their abode. And what do you imagine what
that is!? Raging Fire!! (6-11)

Explanation of the Sūrah

(The Pounding one!) (1)

Among other names, this is one of the names of the Day of
Judgement. It means ‘the pounding one’ or the ‘the rapping one’. The Arabic
phrase qar`a al-bāb, means ‘he pounded or rapped at the door’. This name
indicates a special feature of the Day of Judgement: it will come as abruptly
and as suddenly as an unexpected bang at the front door of a house at night
which strikes panic among the dwellers inside. Like a bolt from the blue it will
alight and catch everyone unaware. It will create a tremendous cataclysm in this
universe and everything will beannihilated. Hidden in this name also is a
warning that since no one has any foreknowledge about the time of its arrival
and since it will be the biggest upheaval in the universe, it is in the well
being of everyone to always remain fearful of it. The particular style adopted
here has a ring of an alarm about it in order to caution everyone to be on their
vigil and anticipate the arrival of this disaster. It can be said that the
immense turbulence which will be created at the advent of that Day is somewhat
being created before its arrival by the very clamour of its name.

(What is the Pounding one!?) (2)

This question serves to magnify the severity of the alarm,
warning those who regard the Day of Judgement as an ordinary affair and have
become indifferent to its implications. It cautions and urges them to seriously
think about something which is bound to happen and to prepare themselves to
negotiate its aftermath.

(What do you imagine what the pounding one is!?) (3)

This special Qur’ānic style, often used elsewhere, is meant
to lament and deplore the foolishness of the addressees about such a significant
event. It is in the form of an inquiry about their estimation of the severity of
a calamity which will suddenly waylay them. It urges them to reflect on the
dreadful fate of those who are ridiculing it, even after being warned about it
time and again.

(On that Day, people will be like scattered moths.) (4)

This is a graphic description of the situation which will
arise on that day, when people will emerge from their graves like scattered
moths. Everyone will stand alone to reckon with the results of his deeds. No one
will have his family or clan about him nor any of his tribesmen or comrades to
defend him. Even other deities he associated with God and other intercessors on
whom he was depending upon will not be present to lessen his burdens. The Qur’ān
explicitly says:

On that day, men will emerge from their graves alone so that
their deeds can be shown to them. (99:6)

So when the trumpet is sounded, the blood relations between
them will be no more on that day, nor will they be able to ask for each other’s
help. And only those whose scales of good deeds are heavy shall attain salvation
and whose scales are light shall be the ones who have incurred a loss and shall
forever abide in Hell. (23:101-103)

On that day no friend will inquire about his friend though
they will be shown to each other. The sinner will wish to give away his
children, his wife, his brother and his kinsfolk who gave him shelter, and all
the people of the earth, as ransom if this could deliver him. (70:10-14)

(And the mountains will be like tufts of carded wool.) (5)

This verse means that on that day like tribal and family
support and backing, the refuge and shelter provided by buildings, forts,
citadels and other similar structures will be no more. Mountains will be
rendered into tufts of carded wool. This simile vividly portrays the fact that
just as in the case of carded wool each fibre is completely set asunder, so
shall be each particle of a mountain. The Arabic word `ihn is used for that wool
which after having being carded and given colour has become ready for weaving.

Mountains are specially mentioned here because at that time
those who were denying the Day of Reckoning regarded them as eternally
indestructable. They used to mockingly ask the Prophet (sws) whether such huge
structures would be destroyed on that day. This question has been quoted
elsewhere in the Qur’ān and has been answered here in this verse.

(Then whose scales are heavy shall dwell in bliss.) (6-7)

The only things considered worthwhile on that day will be a
man’s good deeds. Only those whose good deeds out number their evil ones will
attain salvation and all others will be doomed forever. A special Balance of
Justice meant only to weigh the deeds of men, will be erected on that day, as
mentioned in the Qur’ān:

And for the Day of Judgement, We will set up a special
Balance of Justice (21:47)

A special characteristic of this Balance as mentioned in
Sūrah `Arāf is that only truth (good deeds) will be able to tilt it. Evil (bad
deeds) will have no weight in its scales:

On that day, the truth only will have weight. So, those whose
scales are heavy shall attain salvation, and those whose scales are light shall
be the ones who have incurred a loss because they wronged their souls by denying
Our revelations. (7:8-9)

The relative singular pronoun (man) as used in the verse
above denotes plurality.

By saying that such people shall dwell in bliss is meant that
not only will they be granted whatever they wish for but also what they cannot
even imagine.

(And those whose scales are light, the abyss shall be their
abode. And what do you imagine what that is!? Raging Fire!!).... (8-11)

This is a description of the fate of those whose evil deeds
have no weight in the Balance of Justice. Whatever good deeds they may have
brought with them will be rendered useless due to their ill-intentions and
heretical beliefs. The scorching pit of Hell will be their eternal abode.

The Arabic word umm means ‘mother’ but here it very aptly
denotes a resort or a dwelling.

The hay at the end of the word (māhiyah) is to maintain the
rhyme of the verses by taking into consideration the conventional pause at the
end of a verse.