An extension of the cognate accusative appears in poetry with κεῖσθαι, στῆναι, καθίζειν and like verbs: τόπον, ὅντινα κεῖταιthe place in which he is situatedS.Ph. 145, τί ἕστηκε πέτρα_ν; why stands she on the rock?E.Supp. 987, τρίποδα καθίζωνsitting on the tripodE.Or. 956.

1570

An attributive word is usually necessary (but not in Hom.); otherwise the addition of the substantive to the verb would be tautologous. But the attribute is omitted:

c. When a plural substantive denotes repeated occurrences: ἐτριηράρχησε τριηραρχία_ςhe performed the duty of trierarchD. 45.85.

d. In various expressions: Ὀλύμπια νι_κᾶνto win an Olympian victoryT. 1.126, τὴν ναυμαχία_ν νι_κῆσαιto be victorious in the sea-fightL. 19.28, θύ_ειν τὰ εὐαγγέλιαto offer a sacrifice in honour of good newsX.H. 1.6.37.

e. In poetry the use of a substantive to denote a special form of the action of the verb is much extended: στάζειν αἷμαto drip (drops of) bloodS.Ph. 783, Ἄρηπνεῖνto breathe warA.Ag. 375, πῦρ δεδορκώςlooking (a look of) fireτ 446. This use is common, especially in Aristophanes, with verbs signifying the look of another than the speaker: βλέπειν νᾶπυto look mustard Eq. 631, βλέπειν ἀπιστία_νto look unbelief Com. fr. 1. 341 (No. cross309); cp. “looked his faith”: Holmes.

1571

The substantive without an attribute is (rarely) added to the verb as a more emphatic form of statement: λῆρον ληρεῖνto talk sheer nonsense Ar. Pl. 517, ὕβριν ὑβρίζεινto insult grievouslyE.H. F. 708. Often in Euripides.

Usually an adjective, pronoun, or pronominal adjective is treated as a neuter substantive. Cp. μεγάλ' ἁμαρτάνεινto commit grave errorsD. 5.5 with μέγιστα ἁμαρτήματα ἁμαρτάνουσιP.G. 525d. The singular adjective is used in certain common phrases in prose, but is mainly poetical; the plural is ordinarily used in prose.

Passive: τοῦτο οὐκ ἐψεύσθησανthey were not deceived in thisX.A. 2.2.13, ταῦτα οὐδεὶς ἂν πεισθείηno one would be persuaded of thisP.L. 836d.

1575

For a cognate accusative in conjunction with a second object, see cross1620.

1576

Note the expressions δικάζειν δίκηνdecide a case, δικάζεσθαι δίκην τινίgo to law with somebody, διώκειν γραφήν τιναindict somebody, φεύγειν δίκην τινόςbe put on one's trial for something;γράφεσθαί τινα γραφήνindict one for a public offence, φεύγειν γραφήνbe put on one's trial for a public offence. Also ἀγωνίζεσθαι στάδιον (= ἀγῶνα σταδίου) be a contestant in the race-course, νι_κᾶν στάδιονbe victorious in the race-course, νι_κᾶν δίκηνwin a case, νι_κᾶν γνώμηνcarry a resolution (pass. γνώμην ἡττᾶσθαι), ὀφλεῖν δίκηνlose a case.