• National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships Three years of funding for students in the mathematical, physical, biological, engineering, and behavioral and social sciences, including the history of science and the philosophy of science, and to research-based Ph.D. degrees in science education.

• Harry S. Truman Scholarships Only students in their Junior year are eligible to apply. Each Scholarship provides up to $30,000 for graduate study. Scholars also receive priority admission and supplemental financial aid at some premier graduate institutions, leadership training, career and graduate school counseling, and special internship opportunities within the federal government. Recipients must be US citizens, have outstanding leadership potential and communication skills, be in the top quarter of their class, and be committed to careers in government or the not-for-profit sector.

• Soros Fellowships for New Americans Soros Fellowships are for New Americans: an individual who (1) is a resident alien; i.e., holds a Green Card, or, (2) has been naturalized as a U.S. citizen, or (3) is the child of two parents who are both naturalized citizens.)

• U.S. Department of Energy Students selected for fellowships (which can be renewed up to four years) agree to undertake study and research in computational science. The program of study must provide background in a scientific or engineering discipline, computer science, and applied mathematics. Disciplines include: biophysics, chemistry, biochemistry, civil engineering, computer science, aerospace engineering, applied math, physics, bioengineering, aeronautical engineering, chemical engineering, bioinformatics, vision science, computational chemistry, and computational mechanics.

• U.S. Department of Defense The U.S. DoD National Defense Science and Engineering offers substantial fellowships for U.S. citizens studying in the natural sciences, earth sciences, computational sciences, and mathematics.

• P.E.O. (Philanthropic Educational Organization) provides many forms of financial assistance for women. P.E.O. Scholar Awards were established in 1991 to provide substantial awards to women of the United States and Canada who are pursuing a graduate degree, terminal degree master's or are engaged in graduate research at an accredited institution.

• MSPHDS: The Minorities Striving and Pursuing Higher Degrees of Success (MSPHDS) in Earth System Science initiative was developed by and for underrepresented minorities with the overall purpose of facilitating increased participation in Earth system science.