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English

French

Italian

Catalan

Spanish

Portuguese

Infinitive: to have to / must

devoir

dovere

deure

deber

dever

Present: must, have/has to

dois

devo / debbo

dec

debo

devo

dois

devi

deus

debes

deves

doit

deve

deu

debe

deve

devons

dobbiamo

devem

debemos

devemos

devez

dovete

deveu

debéis

deveís

doivent

devono / debbono

deuen

deben

devem

Imperfect: was/were supposed to

devais

dovevo

devia

debía

devia

devais

dovevi

devies

debías

devias

devait

doveva

devia

debía

devia

devions

dovevamo

devíem

debíamos

devíamos

deviez

dovevate

devíeu

debíais

devíeis

devaient

dovevano

devien

debían

deviam

Preterite: had to

dus

dovei / dovetti

deguí

debí

devi

(rare in French or Italian speech)

dus

dovesti

degueres

debiste

deveste

(alternative Catalan below)

dut

dové / dovette

degué

debió

deveu

dûmes

dovemmo

deguérem

debimos

devemos

dûtes

doveste

deguéreu

debisteis

devestes

durent

doverono / dovettero

degueren

debieron

deveram

Future: will have to

devrai

dovrò

deuré

deberé

deverei

devras

dovrai

deuràs

deberás

deverás

devra

dovrà

deurà

deberá

deverá

devrons

dovremo

deurem

deberemos

deveremos

devrez

dovrete

deureu

deberéis

devereis

devront

dovranno

deuran

deberán

deverão

Conditional: should/ought to

devrais

dovrei

deuria

debería

deveria

devrais

dovresti

deuries

deberías

deveria

devrait

dovrebbe

deuria

debería

deveria

devrions

dovremmo

deuríem

deberíamos

deveríamos

devriez

dovreste

deuríeu

deberíais

deveríeis

devraient

dovrebbero

deurien

deberían

deveriam

Present Subjunctive: must, have/has to

doive

debba

degui

deba

deva

doives

debba

deguis

debas

devas

doive

debba

degui

deba

deva

devions

dobbiamo

deguem

debamos

devamos

deviez

dobbiate

degueu

debáis

devais

doivent

debbano

deguin

deban

devam

Imperfect Subjunctive: had to

dusse

dovessi

degués

debiera

devesse

(rare in French speech)

dusses

dovessi

deguessis

debieras

devesses

(alternative Spanish below)

dût

dovesse

degués

debiera

devesse

dussions

dovessimo

deguéssim

debiéramos

devêssemos

dussiez

doveste

deguéssiu

debierais

devêsseis

dussent

dovessero

deguessin

debieran

devessem

Affirmative Imperative

Singular familiar you

dois

devi

deu

debe

deve

Singular formal you

devez

debba

degui

deba

deva

Let's...

devons

dobbiamo

deguem

debamos

devamos

Plural familiar you

devez

dovete

deveu

debed

devei

Plural formal you

devez

debbano

deguin

deban

devam

Negative Imperative

Singular familiar you

ne dois pas

non dovere

no deguessis

no debas

não devas

Singular formal you

ne devez pas

non debba

no degués

no deba

não deva

Let's not...

ne devons pas

non dobbiamo

no deguéssim

no debamos

não devamos

Plural familiar you

ne devez pas

non dovete

no deguéssiu

no debáis

não devais

Plural formal you

ne devez pas

non debbano

no deguessin

no deban

não devam

Gerund: having to
Present Participle: having to

en devant
devant

dovendo
dovente

devent

debiendo

devendo

Past Participle: had to

dû

dovuto

degut

debido

devido

Auxiliary verb used in perfect tenses

avoir

avere

haver

haber

ter

The periphrastic past in Catalan is an alternative to the preterite. It is formed by using anar as an auxiliary verb followed by the infinitive.

vaig deure

vas deure

va deure

vam deure

vau deure

van deure

There is an alternative form of the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish, which is more similar to Portuguese. Simply replace -ra- with -se- for all conjugations:

debiera / debiese

debieras / debieses

debiera / debiese

debiéramos / debiésemos

debierais / debieseis

debieran / debiesen

The future subjunctive is only used in formal or literary Spanish, but it is easy to conjugate since it is nearly identical to the imperfect subjunctive forms. The future subjunctive in Portuguese is very common and the same endings are used for the personal infinitive (see below).

Spanish

Portuguese

debiere

dever

debieres

deveres

debiere

dever

debiéremos

devermos

debiereis

deverdes

debieren

deverem

The personal infinitivein Portuguese uses the infinitive as the stem + the endings of the future subjunctive.

dever

deveres

dever

devermos

deverdes

deverem

There is an alternative form of the past perfect in Portugueuse which only uses one word rather than an auxiliary verb + past participle. These conjugations are quite similar to the imperfect subjunctive conjugations using -ra- in Spanish. However, this simple form is only used in formal or literary Portuguese. (Note that the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish using -ra- can also be used in formal or literary language as an alternative to the compound past perfect.)

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