Known for their unique and distinctive sound, bagpipes are identified with European cultures such as those of Ireland and Scotland, but the true origin of the instrument remains unknown. Some historians believe the instrument dates back to the first century B.C. Today, bagpipes appear in Irish festivals and parades and are the traditional instrument played during certain funeral processions, such as those of fallen law enforcement officers. While the origins of the bagpipes remain up for debate, the Scottish Highlanders developed the instrument that is most easily recognized in today's modern musical world. Though the Highlanders used the bagpipe in wartime, the instrument quickly became associated with theater and dance. By the 15th century, several forms of the bagpipe had become popular instruments used in Scottish folk music.

History

Early pipe-playing dates to antiquity, and historical clues indicate that a precursor to the bagpipe may have been played in the Middle East around 1000 B.C. By the 13th century, bagpipes were frequently seen throughout European art. By the 16th century, music had permeated the church environment as well as secular gatherings through folk music.

The bagpipes were common throughout Scotland and were played in the royal court and church as well as on the battlefield. While trumpeters were common on the battlefield, historian George Buchanan noted that bagpipes began replacing trumpets in the 1547 Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, with pipers playing songs of lament as well as battle marches. Around 40 years later, evidence of bagpipes appearing in Ireland was recorded.

Construction

While the basic construction of bagpipes has evolved throughout the years, modern instruments share a similar design. Bagpipe parts consist of a chanter, a bag, at least one drone, and an air supply. Also known as a melody pipe, the chanter is the pipe portion that is played. Also of importance is the bag that is used to store air used for playing the instrument. Drones are used to create a steady tone that sounds throughout the duration of play. The tone is one that harmonizes with the other sounds produced.

Traditional Usage

Bagpipes were traditionally used during war as a high-pitched sound that would lead the Scots into battle and scare their enemies. The sound worked, and many armies were reportedly terrified as a band of pipers would sound the battle cry. The British followed suit, and bagpipes were used during both world wars. In addition to their use in battle, bagpipes were often an important part of Scottish, Irish, and British festivals and parades. Bagpipes were an important cultural aspect of everyday life, and they were often played on a daily basis. Bagpipes were a common part of special events.

Due to the sorrowful tone bagpipes are known for, many bagpipers have accompanied funeral processions with mournful songs. The bagpipe's wail would be heard in churches as well. It's important to note that in addition to special events, bagpipes have also often been heard during times of happiness and joy. The birth of a new child would often be announced through the playing of bagpipes. The Scottish Highlanders would use bagpipes to announce and officiate meetings or to announce the birth or death of clan members

Modern Usage

In modern times, bagpipes are heard worldwide. While they are very much associated with Ireland, Scotland, and England, they are used in other cultures and customs. For many, a St. Patrick's Day parade would not be complete without the sound of bagpipes. Pipe bands are seen in high schools and universities across the nation. Cultural events such as festivals and parades often have bagpipers as well. Law enforcement officers use pipe bands during times of sadness and loss.

Many Irish immigrants came to America and joined law enforcement agencies, such as the police force and fire departments: As they also brought their cultural inflections and customs with them, bagpipers became an important part of law enforcement. Bagpipers often play at police funerals and other ceremonies. The tradition still stands, and bagpipers remain an important part of law enforcement nationwide.