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It was from this port that John Cabot and his sons
Louis, Sebastian and Sanctus, with the Bristol seamen, set
out in the "Matthew," a small ship of 50 tons, with three
smaller vessels, in May, 1497, and to these adventurers
mnst be awarded the honour of discovering, on the 24th
June in that year, the island of BaccaJaos, now called
Newfoundland, the subsequent colonisation of which in
:l:609-rr, by John Guy, a citizen of Bristol, and mayor III
1618, contributed immensely to the wealth and prosperity of
this city.
During the Civil War (1642-9) Bristol was the scene of
many stirring events, and in 1655-6 the castle was demolished
by an order of the Protector, dated 28th December, 1654.
In May, 1753, great riots took place owing to the high price
of bread; and in 1792 others arose for abolishing the tolls
demanded at Bristol Bridge. These, however, were insig­nificant
compared with the great riots of October, ~831, In
which property to the extent of £200,000 was burnt and
destroyed, and many lives lost, the Custom House, Exci~
office, Bridewell and other buildings being completely
wrecked.
The railway distances are-from Aberdeen 486~ mile~,
Abingdon 73~, Barnstaple 89l, Basingstoke 97~, Bath II~,
Bedford 122~, Birkenhead 164, Birmingham 93~, Boston
186, Bradford 201, Bridgwater 33, Brighton 177~, Burton­on-
Trent 122, Canterbury 186, Carlisle 273, Cheltenham
43, Chester 149, Chesterfield 157, Chippenham 24~,
Darlington 251~, Derby 133, Didcot 6S~, Doncaster 188,
Dover 197~, Droitwich 72, Dudley 97~, Durham 273~, Edin­burgh
370~, Exeter 75~, Folkestone 186~, Glasgow 365~,
Gloucester 37~, Halifax 189, Hastings 178, Hereford 75~,
Holyhead 239, Hull 223, Kidderminster 85, Lancaster 2°4,
Leamington 96~, L~ds 20I, Leominster 91~, Lichfield Ill,
Lincoln 177~, Liverpool 165, London 1I8~, Maidstone 164~,
Manchester 163, Newark 162, Newcastle 291, Nottingham
1:45, Oswestry 131, Oxford 7St, Plymouth 1281', Preston 184,
Reading 82t, Scarborough 249, Sheffield 169~, Shifnal 1IO~,
Shrewsbnry Ill, Stafford 110, Stockport 156, Stourbridge
93~, Swindon 41:1, Tamworth 110, Taunton 44l, Tewkes­bury
53, Teignmouth 90!, 'forquay 100!, Trowbridge 24!,
Tunbridge Wells 150, Walsall 97~, Warwick 97t, Welling­ton
(Somerset) 51£, Wellington (Shropshire) II~, Windsor
102f, Wolverhampton 103, Worcester 66, Yeovil 49, and
York 207!'
BRI~TOL, a city and county in itself, the head of a I confined here was Eleanor, a princess of Brittany and sISter
newly founded diol:ese and a county and municipal and of Prince Arthur, who was certainly an inmate of the fortress
parliamentary b lrough, and seaport, is situated in the shires in 1224, and died a captive in 1241. Stephen, whose incar~
of Gloucester and Somerset, on the tidal river Avon and ceratlOn took place immediately after the battle of Lincoln III
the river Frame, and at a short distance from the Bristol 1140, was immured here until exchanged in 1141 for Robert,
-channel; it has ('anal communication with the Severn and Earl of Gloucester. In 1239 a new channel was cut for the
the Thames, and through these rivers with all England; and river Avon, 18 feet deep and 120 feet wide, a remarkable
is an important junction on the Great Western and Midland work for that early date. In 1247 the ville of Redcliffe, on
railways, by which it has communication with Bath, the Somersetshire side, was united to the town, and a stone
Reading and London to the East, with Exeter and the West bridge begun. In the time of Edward Ill. the woollen
of England; WIth ,Wales, Gloucester, Worcester and Bir- manufacture waS one of the staple trades ; and this king, in
mingham, and witn Hereford, Shrewsbury, and the North 1373, for a consideration of 600 marks (about £8,000), gave
-of England. The section of the Great Western railway the mayor and commonalty a (·harter, making Bristol a city
between Bath and Bri~tol was opened in July, 1838, and on and county of itself, and the town was then so thriving that
30 January 1841, the hne was completed and opened from in the war with France it contributed 22 ships (as many as
Bristol to L'mdon. The Bristol and Exeter section, con- were furnished by London) and 608 seamen. In the time of
structed as far as Bridgwater by June, 1841, was completed Edward IV. Williarn Canynges, a celebrated merchant of
to Exeter, I :I\Lty, 1844, and the Midland railway to Bristol, had ten ships of his own, one of which, the "Mary
Gloucester was fim~hed in July of the same year. The and John," is said to have been of 900 tons burden. Bristul
.5outh Wales Union line was opened 8 Sept. 1863, and since also shared largely in the conquest of Ireland, and contrl­that
date various other extensions and branch railways have buted both men and money to the expedition of Richard de
been construyt.-a I,- in"ludmg the Severn Tunnel, begun in Clare, Earl of Pembroke, in u68, many settlers coming
:1:874 and first used 5 July, 1887. from the 'West Saxon shire'l. Henry VIII. in 1538, sup­pres~
f'd the great convent of St. Au~ustine, but under letters
patent, dated 4th June, in the 43rd year of his reign (1542-3)
he constituted the church of the monastery a cathedral, and
made it the seat of a bishop, the dioc~se then consisting of
Bristol, the county of Dorset and the manor of Leigh, ill.
Somerset.
Bristol, or its immediate neighbourhood, was a Roman
:settlement, the first permanent camp (castrulU statiwm)
being fixed on an eminence above the Avon, said by Seyer,
in his histoty"'tJf Bristol (1821), to have been called by the
Britons" Caer-Oder," or the" City of the Chasm," and in Camden and other writers of the 17th century in describ­the
presen"day "qifton." Gildas, a British monk of the ing the position and situation of Bristol, assert that Bristol
6th centurY, in the list of fortified and eminent cities, asserts was then a clean and hea.lthful city. The city proper lies
that Brito, or BristOL, was a place of importance in the year in a valley, but in its immediate outskirtB the gronnd rist8
430, when the Romans abandoned this island. Nennius, in rapidly and the suburbs occnpy eminences of considerable
his descriptiou or notes annexed to his history of Britain, height; the city generally, covers an area o£ about 5,000 acres,
which comes down to the 8th century, also mentions Caer- extending from east to west nearly 3 miles, and 2~ from
Brito, the ancient British name for this place, translated by I north to south, with a circumference of about 7 miles, th('
the Saxons into Brito Stow and Britstow. The sale of slaves river Avon flowing throngh its centre, ol"erwhich are severaL
was carried on to a great extent in Bristol during the 11th bridges, the chief of these having three arches, a central one
.century, it being, on the testimony of St. Wulfstan,Bishop of of 55 feet span, and two side arches each of 40 feet spaIl.
Worcester, the principal mart in the kingdom, but the traffic There are also several ferries at various parts of the city and
'Was abolished in this city about 1080, and generally in at the mouth of the river is a lighthouse, completed in ~840.
'Other parts of England in the 12th century•. At the death of
William I. Bristol was a stronghold, and its castle was held In 1670 six of the once numerous gates or entrances into
~nd fortified by Geoffrey~ Bishop of Coutances and Exeter, the city were existing, and of these St. John's gate stIll
'On behalf of the king's eldest son, Robert, then contending remains. Some of the streets and buildings retain an
in Normandy against the surronnding invaders. The space antique appearance, and there are some good specimens f
occupied by the castle W?,.3 about 6 acres, and its walls, a ancient houses, including St. Peter's hospital, Pithay, several
portion of which remains. were 2S foot tbU:k at the bas,', in St. Mary-Ie-Port, Higll and Wine street.s and elsewhere.
and 9! feet at the top. .hmrnO"s.t the illustrious p';SOl > • Many parts of the city and suburbs display llia",O"Jllt:cerJ;
BRIS. 1-

•
-
It was from this port that John Cabot and his sons
Louis, Sebastian and Sanctus, with the Bristol seamen, set
out in the "Matthew," a small ship of 50 tons, with three
smaller vessels, in May, 1497, and to these adventurers
mnst be awarded the honour of discovering, on the 24th
June in that year, the island of BaccaJaos, now called
Newfoundland, the subsequent colonisation of which in
:l:609-rr, by John Guy, a citizen of Bristol, and mayor III
1618, contributed immensely to the wealth and prosperity of
this city.
During the Civil War (1642-9) Bristol was the scene of
many stirring events, and in 1655-6 the castle was demolished
by an order of the Protector, dated 28th December, 1654.
In May, 1753, great riots took place owing to the high price
of bread; and in 1792 others arose for abolishing the tolls
demanded at Bristol Bridge. These, however, were insig­nificant
compared with the great riots of October, ~831, In
which property to the extent of £200,000 was burnt and
destroyed, and many lives lost, the Custom House, Exci~
office, Bridewell and other buildings being completely
wrecked.
The railway distances are-from Aberdeen 486~ mile~,
Abingdon 73~, Barnstaple 89l, Basingstoke 97~, Bath II~,
Bedford 122~, Birkenhead 164, Birmingham 93~, Boston
186, Bradford 201, Bridgwater 33, Brighton 177~, Burton­on-
Trent 122, Canterbury 186, Carlisle 273, Cheltenham
43, Chester 149, Chesterfield 157, Chippenham 24~,
Darlington 251~, Derby 133, Didcot 6S~, Doncaster 188,
Dover 197~, Droitwich 72, Dudley 97~, Durham 273~, Edin­burgh
370~, Exeter 75~, Folkestone 186~, Glasgow 365~,
Gloucester 37~, Halifax 189, Hastings 178, Hereford 75~,
Holyhead 239, Hull 223, Kidderminster 85, Lancaster 2°4,
Leamington 96~, L~ds 20I, Leominster 91~, Lichfield Ill,
Lincoln 177~, Liverpool 165, London 1I8~, Maidstone 164~,
Manchester 163, Newark 162, Newcastle 291, Nottingham
1:45, Oswestry 131, Oxford 7St, Plymouth 1281', Preston 184,
Reading 82t, Scarborough 249, Sheffield 169~, Shifnal 1IO~,
Shrewsbnry Ill, Stafford 110, Stockport 156, Stourbridge
93~, Swindon 41:1, Tamworth 110, Taunton 44l, Tewkes­bury
53, Teignmouth 90!, 'forquay 100!, Trowbridge 24!,
Tunbridge Wells 150, Walsall 97~, Warwick 97t, Welling­ton
(Somerset) 51£, Wellington (Shropshire) II~, Windsor
102f, Wolverhampton 103, Worcester 66, Yeovil 49, and
York 207!'
BRI~TOL, a city and county in itself, the head of a I confined here was Eleanor, a princess of Brittany and sISter
newly founded diol:ese and a county and municipal and of Prince Arthur, who was certainly an inmate of the fortress
parliamentary b lrough, and seaport, is situated in the shires in 1224, and died a captive in 1241. Stephen, whose incar~
of Gloucester and Somerset, on the tidal river Avon and ceratlOn took place immediately after the battle of Lincoln III
the river Frame, and at a short distance from the Bristol 1140, was immured here until exchanged in 1141 for Robert,
-channel; it has ('anal communication with the Severn and Earl of Gloucester. In 1239 a new channel was cut for the
the Thames, and through these rivers with all England; and river Avon, 18 feet deep and 120 feet wide, a remarkable
is an important junction on the Great Western and Midland work for that early date. In 1247 the ville of Redcliffe, on
railways, by which it has communication with Bath, the Somersetshire side, was united to the town, and a stone
Reading and London to the East, with Exeter and the West bridge begun. In the time of Edward Ill. the woollen
of England; WIth ,Wales, Gloucester, Worcester and Bir- manufacture waS one of the staple trades ; and this king, in
mingham, and witn Hereford, Shrewsbury, and the North 1373, for a consideration of 600 marks (about £8,000), gave
-of England. The section of the Great Western railway the mayor and commonalty a (·harter, making Bristol a city
between Bath and Bri~tol was opened in July, 1838, and on and county of itself, and the town was then so thriving that
30 January 1841, the hne was completed and opened from in the war with France it contributed 22 ships (as many as
Bristol to L'mdon. The Bristol and Exeter section, con- were furnished by London) and 608 seamen. In the time of
structed as far as Bridgwater by June, 1841, was completed Edward IV. Williarn Canynges, a celebrated merchant of
to Exeter, I :I\Lty, 1844, and the Midland railway to Bristol, had ten ships of his own, one of which, the "Mary
Gloucester was fim~hed in July of the same year. The and John," is said to have been of 900 tons burden. Bristul
.5outh Wales Union line was opened 8 Sept. 1863, and since also shared largely in the conquest of Ireland, and contrl­that
date various other extensions and branch railways have buted both men and money to the expedition of Richard de
been construyt.-a I,- in"ludmg the Severn Tunnel, begun in Clare, Earl of Pembroke, in u68, many settlers coming
:1:874 and first used 5 July, 1887. from the 'West Saxon shire'l. Henry VIII. in 1538, sup­pres~
f'd the great convent of St. Au~ustine, but under letters
patent, dated 4th June, in the 43rd year of his reign (1542-3)
he constituted the church of the monastery a cathedral, and
made it the seat of a bishop, the dioc~se then consisting of
Bristol, the county of Dorset and the manor of Leigh, ill.
Somerset.
Bristol, or its immediate neighbourhood, was a Roman
:settlement, the first permanent camp (castrulU statiwm)
being fixed on an eminence above the Avon, said by Seyer,
in his histoty"'tJf Bristol (1821), to have been called by the
Britons" Caer-Oder," or the" City of the Chasm," and in Camden and other writers of the 17th century in describ­the
presen"day "qifton." Gildas, a British monk of the ing the position and situation of Bristol, assert that Bristol
6th centurY, in the list of fortified and eminent cities, asserts was then a clean and hea.lthful city. The city proper lies
that Brito, or BristOL, was a place of importance in the year in a valley, but in its immediate outskirtB the gronnd rist8
430, when the Romans abandoned this island. Nennius, in rapidly and the suburbs occnpy eminences of considerable
his descriptiou or notes annexed to his history of Britain, height; the city generally, covers an area o£ about 5,000 acres,
which comes down to the 8th century, also mentions Caer- extending from east to west nearly 3 miles, and 2~ from
Brito, the ancient British name for this place, translated by I north to south, with a circumference of about 7 miles, th('
the Saxons into Brito Stow and Britstow. The sale of slaves river Avon flowing throngh its centre, ol"erwhich are severaL
was carried on to a great extent in Bristol during the 11th bridges, the chief of these having three arches, a central one
.century, it being, on the testimony of St. Wulfstan,Bishop of of 55 feet span, and two side arches each of 40 feet spaIl.
Worcester, the principal mart in the kingdom, but the traffic There are also several ferries at various parts of the city and
'Was abolished in this city about 1080, and generally in at the mouth of the river is a lighthouse, completed in ~840.
'Other parts of England in the 12th century•. At the death of
William I. Bristol was a stronghold, and its castle was held In 1670 six of the once numerous gates or entrances into
~nd fortified by Geoffrey~ Bishop of Coutances and Exeter, the city were existing, and of these St. John's gate stIll
'On behalf of the king's eldest son, Robert, then contending remains. Some of the streets and buildings retain an
in Normandy against the surronnding invaders. The space antique appearance, and there are some good specimens f
occupied by the castle W?,.3 about 6 acres, and its walls, a ancient houses, including St. Peter's hospital, Pithay, several
portion of which remains. were 2S foot tbU:k at the bas,', in St. Mary-Ie-Port, Higll and Wine street.s and elsewhere.
and 9! feet at the top. .hmrnO"s.t the illustrious p';SOl > • Many parts of the city and suburbs display llia",O"Jllt:cerJ;
BRIS. 1-