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Tuesday, October 12, 2010

Kohanim and Forbidden Marriages

Painting: Alex Levin: ArtLevin.com

Under Jewish law a Kohen - a descendant of the Priestly tribe - cannot marry a divorcee, a convert, or a "promiscuous woman"' This has nothing to do with the name "Cohen" by the way.... although many people named Cohen are also Kohanim, that is not necessarily the case. Kohanim trace their lineage through their fathers.... if their father is a Kohen, so are they. However, sometimes there is a problem, such as when the mother of the Kohen has a questionable status such as those mentioned above.

Question: If a Kohen lives with, but does not "marry" a gentile woman, can he still "duchen" (duchen means to take part in the Blessing of the Kohanim - see picture above).

Answer: As living with a gentile woman is not a prohibition specific to Kohanim it does not prevent him from duchening.

However, there are three things which do prevent him from duchening:

1. If he has killed someone ( even unintentionally)

2. If he has worshipped idols

3. If he transgresses Kohain-specific prohibitions.

Question: If a Kohen marries a divorcee/convert and the marriage is a forbidden one - which means that no orthodox Jewish rabbi will do the ceremony - and a Reform rabbi is found who will perform the marriage...... is this marriage "valid" and/or accepted?

Answer: Any (Jewish) reform marriage is not a marriage. As a “chumra” however, a gett (bill of divorce) is necessary if the marriage is ended.

If a Kohen does enter into a marriage with a divorcee with kosher witnesses etc, whilst it is a prohibited relationship, the marriage is still a marriage and a gett is required. The only time a marriage is not a marriage ab-initio (from the start) - even with kosher witnesses - is an adulterous or incestuous marriage.

There is a prohibitive commandment that forbids a Cohen from marrying a divorced woman, as it is written, "They shall not take a woman divorced from her husband" [Leviticus 21]).

This was not just another one of the typical disputes between the Prague’s Maskilim ("enlightened") and the local rabbi, Rabbi Yechezkel Landau, the "Nodah Biyhudah." Bitter arguments were constantly arising between the Maskilim, who sought some way to lighten the yoke of the Torah and its commandments while maintaining the sense that they were nonetheless Torah-observant Jews, and the illustrious rabbi, who stood constantly at the dam in order to stop up any leaks in the wall of Torah law.

However, this time there was something different in the air. The argument related to a matter that was especially personal to one of the city’s prominent and wealthy residents, and it was clear that he had no intention of being flexible in this case. His only son had become engaged to a prestigious and well-to-do woman with excellent character traits. The match had not been easy to arrange, and only became possible after much effort.

There was, however, one problem. The bride was a divorcee, and because the groom was a Cohen, Jewish law forbade them from marrying. The rabbi, of course, would by no means permit such a marriage, seeing as it violated Torah law, and all attempts to convince him to conduct the marriage were unsuccessful. After a long argument, the rich man got up, furious, and shouted at the rabbi, "You will see that despite your stubbornness you will have no choice but to conduct my son’s marriage!"

A few days later, a royal emissary of the Empress Maria Teresa appeared at the rabbi’s home. The surprised rabbi realized that the wealthy Jew had broken the convention by which Jews did not involve non-Jews in their inner disputes. He had requested that the empress force the old-fashioned rabbi to marry the couple.

The rabbi was left with no choice, and he told the messenger that he would certainly fulfill the request of the empress. The elation of the enlightened Jews could be heard from afar. Wedding preparations went into high gear. The Maskilim rejoiced at the fact that the rabbi had given in to their demands and their hearts overflowed with a sense of victory. There was not a single person who did not lend a hand in the many preparations.

The rabbi’s many disciples, on the other hand, were furious at the insolence of the wealthy Jew, both at his outright disregard for the Torah’s commandments and at the disrespect he showed the rabbi by forcing him to take part in this disgraceful act. However, the rabbi did not allow them to take any action. To the contrary, his indifference was so great that it appeared as if the matter did not relate to him at all.

A great crowd gathered for the occasion. News of the wedding in which the greatest Torah scholar of the generation would marry a Cohen and a divorcee spread, and many "enlightened" Jews in the area came to see the event with their own eyes. There was complete silence when the rabbi took out the ring and gave it to the groom. As customary, the rabbi led the groom word by word, "Behold, you are betrothed to me with this ring according to the law of…Empress Maria Teresa."

A whisper of shock passed through the crowd, and then the rabbi said, "What is everybody so surprised about? After all, according to the Law of Moses and Israel there is no possibility whatsoever for this couple to marry; rather, Maria Teresa is she who has given this couple the ability to marry. This being the case, they are married according to the law of Empress Maria Teresa, certainly not according to the Law of Moses and Israel.

Technically speaking they are married even if they have had no official Jewish wedding. If a man and woman live together it is as if they were married. Trying to get around the laws of the Torah in this way will not work,the same issues apply here. Some orthodox rabbis will try and find a way to prove that this man is not an actual Kohen but this is risky business at best. Suggest you speak to your local orthodox rabbi.

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