* The Emergence of Urban America
* Between 1860 to 1910 the population increased from 6 million to 44 million * America’s Move to Town
* Explosive Urban Growth * Fredrick Jackson Turner-the Frontier is a “safety valve” * But more people went to the cities than to open land * There was not enough land though in cities to hold everyone, most people were homeless or lived in small apartments or rented houses * In 1889 the Otis Elevator company made the first electric elevator. * The area of cities increased with the introduction of speedy transportation such as cable cars. * The Allure and problems of the Cities

* Too many people to residency in the cities * “Dumbbell Apartments” were to conjoined apartments connected by the air ventilation system. * Some twenty-four to thirty-two families would cram into each building. * Disease and odors created a very unhygienic living area, by the end of the century 3 in 5 babies would die before they turned one. * City Politics

* The government was fragmented, bureaucratic committees formed with political bosses at the top * These bosses would run a corrupt system in which they would buy votes but they would also help the poor find jobs, started English lessons for the immigrants, sport teams, etc. * Felt the law and justice would not help.

* Cities and the Environment * Urban communities were disease ridden and full of trash, noise, and terrible odors. * Not much clean water which lead to an increase in cholera, typhoid, and yellow fever. * Horses left up to 20 pounds of manure and would only live for two years. * No one knew where to dispose of thousands of dead horses. * Algae soon cropped up along rivers and lakes sucking all the oxygen out, killing most fish. * The New...

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...Chapter Four.
African Slaves Build their Own Community in Coastal Georgia
Slavery was originally prohibited in the original 1732 Georgia charter; the ban was lifted two decades later when Georgia became a Royal colony. By 1770, 15,000 slaves made up 80% of the population.
Rice was one of the most valuable commodities of mainland North America, surpassed only by tobacco and wheat. The Atlantic slave trade grew to match rice production.
“Saltwater” slaves (slaves taken from Africa, rather than “country born”) were inspected and branded on coastal forts in Africa, shipped overseas (where many died), then sold and marched to plantations
Mortality rates were high for slaves, especially infants. Overseers could legally punish slaves and even murder them.
Many slaves run and some rebel. Most slaves remained enslaved, but built up families and communities, mixing African traditions with their new homeland.
The Beginnings of African Slavery
Slavery has long been a part of Mediterranean Europe; Venetian and Genoese traders sold captured Slavics (the word slave derives from them), Muslims, and Africans. Enslaving Christians, but not Africans or Muslims, disturbed many Europeans.
Portuguese expansion in West Africa was motivated by access to gold, wrought iron, ivory, tortoiseshells, textiles, and slaves (previously dominated by the Moors, or Spanish Muslims). European slaves left the slave...

...II. What was the English Settlement like at Jamestown?
It survived thanks to John Smith and the production of tobacco
A. What cause the struggle English settlers in America?
The first settlement was almost destroyed by disease and starvation.
1. What did the English have to do to make colonization a business?
English were funded by joint-stock companies, which once the people had several investors, they obtained a charter or official permit. King James I granted a charter to the Virginia Company. Most stockholders would receive fourth-fifths of all gold and silver found. And the Virginia Company founded Jamestown
2. Why was the start disastrous?
At first, disease from the James River struck first. Hunger was right after it. Most colonist’s who weren’t used to the hard life refused to clear fields, plant crops, or even gather shellfish from the river’s edge. Once John Smith, took over the settlement, he forced the colonists to farm and do their work or they would not eat. He persuaded the Powhatan people to provide food as well. Smith got badly burn by an explosion, he had to return to England, and leave the colony to fend for itself. In 1609 600 new colonists arrived with hopes of starting a new life, although the scared Powhatan’s began killing off some of the livestock and farms although in the winter Jamestown had deteriorated to the point of famine. They ate roots, rats, snakes, and even boiled shoe leather. Only 60 colonists survived though.
3....

...1. Those who favored overseas expansion by the United States in the late nineteenth century argued that
Correct Answer: All of the answers are correct.
​
2. The United States reasserted the Monroe Doctrine as a cornerstone of its foreign policy by
Correct Answer: insisting that Britain submit its dispute with Venezuela over the boundary of British Guiana to U.S. arbitration.
​
3. Military strategist and historian Alfred Thayer Mahan advocated an American policy of
Correct Answer: expanding the nation's merchant marine and navy.
4. President Grover Cleveland responded to Cuba's rebellion against Spain by
Correct Answer: offering to mediate the struggle.
5. In 1898, the American battleship Maine was
Your Answer: probably sunk as a result of an accidental internal explosion.
6. Which of the following factors contributed to Americans' desire for war against Spain in 1898?
Correct Answer: All of the answers are correct.
7. In leading the country toward war, McKinley might properly be labeled
Your Answer: a moderate in steering a middle course between popular sentiments and international considerations.
​
8. Many anti-imperialists opposed American annexation of the Philippines because they feared that
Your Answer: it would violate America's historical preference for independence and self-determination.
9. The Filipinos
Correct Answer: cooperated with Americans to drive the Spanish from their islands during the Spanish-American War.
...

...Exam one study guide USHistory to 1865
Tenochtitlan-city surrounded by Lake Texcoco. Aztec Capitol. Imitated the ruined temple city of Teotihuacan. Hernan Cortes defeated it in 1519
Pequot War- 1637 The Pequot Indians resided near the mouth of the Connecticut River which is also where Puritan settlers led by John Winthrop’s son were trying to launch a town. Fearing the Pequot would recruit all other Indians against the English, the English unleashed an all-out war with the Pequot. The Puritans allies were shocked at the carnage. Over 400 Indian men women and children died. New England negotiated most of their land out to keep the peace.
Ignatius Loyola- Spanish soldier that led the new Catholic religious order called the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits and represented one dimension of the Counter-Reformation. Willing to give up their lives for their beliefs, the dedicated missionaries and teachers helped reenergize the Catholic faith and spread it to distant parts of the world.
Roanoke Island-May 1587 John White led a English venture to America w/11 people, including women and children. The planned on settling in Chesapeake Bay but ended up North at Roanoke Island. White got send back in August to England for more supplies but he got held up for three yrs and when he returned in 1590 it was deserted. The word Croatoan carved on a post suggesting that the survivors joined the nearby tribe but no one knows. Its also known as the “Lost...

...﻿Xxxxxxx
U.S History 2
Dr. Tyrone Tilery
April 30, 2015
The Women’s Movement of the 1920’s
A woman in the 1920’s had experienced many different societies and faces of the U.S. Following the First World War, social issues gained more recognition and the nineteenth amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920. This changed the way women were viewed and the way they viewed themselves. In America, a Narrative History by David E. Shi and George Brown Tindall, the history of the nineteen-twenties in the U.S. make it clear that this era brought about a new generation of American women. This new generation was coined “the new women”. During the roaring twenties, women freely expressed their independence through fashion, music, and parties, and completely transformed the social scene of America. But their new social status gave them strength to be more than just flappers. These years saw a huge increase in college educated women and following the market crash in 1929, many women got even their families through the great depression.
Prior to the 20’s, women’s suffrage had been a seldom discussed topic. Other than educated women who felt the frustration of being underrepresented in the political scene, not many women were actively fighting for their voting rights at the turn of the century. Two of the first patrons of women’s rights were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony who led the National American Women’s...

...This proved to be a disadvantage as cannons had ranges of several hundred yards, and fired the heaviest and most deadly shot of any weapon. The bayonet was also used much more commonly than it was on the American side, until the French showed up and supplied the Americans with them. A bayonet is most commonly a blade fixed on the barrel of a musket that can be used to stab a close enemy after the barrel had been emptied. A disorganized unit could not possibly stand against an organized bayonet charge. Although these concrete advantages should have been enough, there are numerous disadvantages the British soldiers faced in coming to the Americas to fight. For example, a home field advantage isn't considered an advantage for nothing, and history has proved it. The foreign soldiers were fighting on unknown territory while the native people were able to weave their way around most efficiently. They also had a lack of will a to fight as the war waged on. Britain was in conflict with many countries at the time of the American Revolution, including France and India. The soldiers were simply following orders instead of fighting for freedom like the rebels were. Finally, the British made critical mistakes at certain battles, but the most notable was that of the Battle of Saratoga. British General John Burgoyne planned to invade America from Canada to isolate New England from the Middle and Southern colonies. However, there was poor communication due to the enormous...

...went bankrupts, the nation slid into a grinding depression.[18] The crisis of the 1980s laid bare the paralysis of the federal government dominates by business elite. In response, irate farmers, labors, and their supporters joined a new party, the Populist to change the system.[19] In 1892 the Populist challenges the Status Quo.[20] Republican and Democrat both major parties launched campaigns for the White House that replayed the 1889 contest. Republican re-nominated Harrison, and Democrats turned again to Grover Cleveland.
After four year out of office Cleveland had made clear his growing conservation and his opposition to Populists. This time Cleveland won by more than 360,000 votes, a decisive marching in this era of close election.[21] During Cleveland`s presidential time the gold reserve had fallen sharply to around $100 million, the minimum considered to support the Dollar. The rate of unemployment was 20 to 25 percent which left to factories workers with no money to feed their families, and heat their home.[22] In the face of suffering Cleveland refused to intervene. The government could do anything, and Cleveland just focused in the gold standard issues. By 1893 the Congress passed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which he blamed for the run of the gold.[23]
Cleveland`s police split the Democratic Party. His opposition at the Sherman Silver Purchase Act affected Democrats` elections of 1894 and 1896.[24] Populist won by 1.5...

...﻿1.Nicknamed the "City within a City," this development in downtown Detroit ws the brainchild of Henry Ford II. It was designed to revitalize downtown and bring new economic growth to Detroit. It became one of the largest privately funded real estate projects in history.
A) Northland Mall
B) Joe Louis Arena/Cobo Center
C) Renaissance Center
D) Greektown
2.What candidate received his party's nomination for president in 1980 when the Republican National Convention was held in downtown Detroit?
A) Ronald Reagan
B) Gerald R. Ford
C) Richard M. Nixon
D) George H.W. Bush
3.Nearly forty years of relative prosperity for Michigan and its citizens came to an abrupt end in 1980 as inflation, soaring interest rates, and an influx of Asian-made automobiles caused a decline in domestic car sales. By mid-year, 620,000 Michigan workers were jobless. What Michigan city became world-famous when its unemployment rate hit 24%?
A) Detroit
B) Flint
C) Dearborn
D) Lansing
4.What long-time Michigan politician was named by President Richard Nixon to replace Spiro T. Agnew as vice president in 1973?
A) William Milliken
B) Philip A. Hart
C) Gerald R. Ford
D) George W. Romney
5.In 1827, Stevens T. Mason at 23 was known as Michigan's "Boy Governor." In 1982, the term was used again to describe the 39-year-old suburban Detroit congressman who had just been elected. Who was the new "Boy Governor?"
A) John Engler
B) Wilber M. Brucker
C) George Romney
D) James J. Blanchard
6.Although he was...