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Linked with the sea through two retention pond Complicated drainage network There are 4 main drainage networks A drainage network is linked with the sea directly The other networks are linked with the reservoir INTRODUCTION to STUDY AREA (3)

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SOBEK has three basic product lines covering any fresh water management situation in River, Urban and Rural systems alike. Each product line consists of different modules to simulate particular aspects of the water system. These modules can be operated separately or in combination. The data transfer between the modules is fully automatic and modules can be run in sequence or simultaneously to facilitate the physical interaction.

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'import network' In this task block the origin of the schematisation must be defined. Schematisations, used in SOBEK, can be either imported from a database or set-up from scratch. If a schematisation is already available in the standard exchange format it can easily be imported from the database to SOBEK. SOBEK MODEL SET UP

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Sub-catchment conceptualization The rainfall-runoff process is conceptualized using the following two network elements in SOBEK: 1.Flow – Manhole with Runoff (called “Manhole” henceforth in this document) 2.Flow – Pipe (called “Pipe” henceforth in this document) The Manhole stores the total runoff (or acts as a collection point for the runoff) and the Pipe conveys the stored runoff to the main channel. Figure 1 shows a sub-catchment with a network of drains, which is replaced by the Manhole & Pipe concept. Sewer network

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Task block 'Settings‘ SOBEK-Rural 1DFLOW The SOBEK-Rural 1DFLOW module is a sophisticated module that can be used for the simulation of one-dimensional flow in irrigation and drainage systems. SOBEK-Urban 1DFLOW The SOBEK-Urban 1DFLOW module is a sophisticated module for the simulation of one-dimensional flow in wastewater and storm water systems. It is a tool that can be used to simulate and solve problems in urban drainage systems. The RR (Rainfall-Runoff) module is a module that can be used for the simulation of rainfall-runoff processes. The RR module is frequently used in combination with the SOBEK-Rural 1DFLOW and SOBEK-Urban 1DFLOW modules.

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The SOBEK-Urban RR (Rainfall-Runoff) concept The inflow towards the sewer system consists of runoff from rainfall and dry weather flow. The Runoff model of Flow-Manhole and Flow-Pipe, also called NWRW model, describes the dry weather flow and the transformation in time of rainfall into runoff entering the sewer system. The Runoff model is based on the guidelines. The processes included are:moistening and puddle forming;infiltration;runoff delay. It is illustrated that the rainfall-runoff process with netto rainfall is the same as the runoff towards the sewer system and is equal to the rainfall minus evaporation minus infiltration minus the change of storage.

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The rainfall-runoff process Different types of surfaces can be distinguished, depending on surface characteristics and slope. The model distinguishes four types of surfaces (closed paved, open paved, roof, unpaved) and three types of slopes (area with a slope, flat, stretched flat), thus twelve different area types. The slope of the surface and the infiltration capacity largely influence the rainfall-runoff process. The infiltration of rainfall takes place in the open paved areas and unpaved areas. The infiltration capacity depends mostly on the type of surface and moisture condition. Other factors may also play an important role. The delay of runoff depends on the average distance to the inflow location in sewer system, the slope and the geometry of the catchment. The formula which describes the runoff to the sewer system is the formula of the rational method.

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The rainfall-runoff process The runoff over the sub-catchment surface to the Manhole is described by the following formula (which is the formula of the Rational Method): q = c. h (1) where q is the inflow into the Manhole (in mm/min), c is the runoff factor (min-1) and h is the rainfall (in mm). The flow in the Pipe is described by the Manning formula (assuming the pipe is rectangular in cross-section): Q = (2) where n is the Manning coefficient, b is the width, H is the height and I is the bed slope.

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Dynamic wave

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Dynamic wave

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The rainfall-runoff process is conceptualized using the following two network elements in SOBEK: 1.Flow – Manhole with Runoff 2.Flow – Pipe The Manhole stores the total runoff (or acts as a collection point for the runoff) and the Pipe conveys the stored runoff to the main pipe.

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Sub-catchment conceptualization The storage area at the street level is fixed as the area of the sub-catchment.

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Sub-catchment conceptualization The storage area at the street level is fixed as the area of the sub-catchment.

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Sobek has the option to import Mouse SVK19 files. SVK19 is a Scandinavian Exchange Format which Mouse supports as export format. In the Import Task block, select Suf-Hyd, and then later on select the Mouse TXT files. Optional also HGF runoff files can be included. 1) NUMBER CIRCULAR MANHOLES FORM KG NODE X-COOR Y-COOR BOTTL TOPL SHP DIAM MRout