Kazakhstan in the Stone age

23 January 2018

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Ethnographic
data from life of so-called backward nationalities of the present have also
considerable value. They allow explaining better some parties of material and
spiritual culture of the most ancient mankind.
But the main information nevertheless gives the most abundant material
of primitive society - stone tools.

The history of
mankind is divided into large periods associated with the development of a
socio-economic system. In archeology was developed its own periodization,
according to which the history of mankind is divided into the era of stone,
bronze, iron, and the middle ages. In turn, each of these above-mentioned is
divided into periods and culture. The Stone Age is divided into three periods:
paleolith, mesolith and neolith.

The era of ancient
Stone Age is the time of formation of humanity and its economy – characterized
by low levels of productive forces. Primitive economic activity consisted in
use of ready-made products of the nature. The primitive person collected
wild-growing cereals, fruits and berries and hunted on wild animals. Human
relations were based on economic equality of collective, on the natural
division of labor and were collectivist in nature.

The social
organization of people in the paleolithic era was a difficult and long path of
development. The initial step was its
primitive stage – the union for the common defense and attack, hunting and
gathering. This prenatal social education differed with its amorphous,
undeveloped public relations, lack of communal household, at the same time
decency of marital relationship was inherent for it.

Primitive stage
corresponds to two earliest stages of the Lower paleolith – before Acheul and
Acheul periods. In the Acheulean period ripe stage for a new social organism -
a primitive community grow gradually. In the age of the mousterian settled life
and the natural division of labor by sex and age already exist, also initial
shapes of the community appear. The human team of the late paleolith socially is
characterized by a new face – adding the mature forms of the primitive tribal
community. This qualitative leap, how is
considered by many researchers, coincided with the transformation of the
Neanderthal type into anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens).

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