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A pair of papers identifies endogenously produced danger-associated molecular patterns that activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3 and 4, which stimulate inflammatory responses through the transcription factor NF-B (nuclear factor B). Excessive amounts of free fatty acids (FFAs) trigger insulin resistance by activating TLR4; however, FFAs do not directly interact with TLR4. In the first paper, Pal et al. (see also Heinrichsdorff and Olefsky) showed that activation of TLR4 by FFAs requires fetuin-A (FetA), a glycoprotein secreted by the liver that is a biomarker of chronic inflammatory diseases. Morpholino-based gene knockdown in mice of FetA (FetAKD) or Tlr4 (Tlr4KD) prevented the development of insulin resistance caused by a high-fat diet and also reduced activation of NF-B and production of messenger RNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α). The resistance of FetAKD mice to high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance was attenuated by treatment with purified FetA. Treatment of 3T3L1 mouse adipocytes with the free fatty acid palmitate increased the activity of NF-B and expression of IL-6 and TNF-α only in the presence of FetA, effects that were abrogated by the TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095. The leucine-rich repeat regions 2 and 6 of TLR4 were required for binding to FetA. The glycan residues of lipopolysaccharide are required for binding to TLR4 and, similarly, forms of FetA lacking the terminal carbohydrate moieties did not increase the activity of an NF-B reporter gene in HEK cells or trigger insulin resistance in response to FFAs in adipocytes........

I had a violent seroconversion that came on when I was gardening in the hot sun. Since I have been HIV+, i often don't feel comfortable in direct sun. I love sunny days but especially in spring and summer, I find myself walking on the shady side of the street, and sitting in the shade at the park, pool, and beach.

Logged

“From each, according to his ability; to each, according to his need” 1875 K Marx

the sun actually makes me "feel" much better (happier and healthier), so I'm sad to hear this. The only time the sun ever had a noticeable adverse effect was when the sun interacted with the Bactrim to give me sunburn not a tan (back in the late 90s).

It's fine to lay out in the sun at the pool hell I even use dark tannin oils to get darker, you just don't want to get sun burnt over and over. I'll go to the pool about 2-3 times a week for roughly about 2.5 hrs, but if you want to be a HIV positive vampire go ahead and stay inside although someone will think vampires are sexy haha

Sun exposure can cure many skin conditions (as if it were a corticosteroid) because it acts as an immunosuppressant.

I guess, in 10 years' time, when HIV-from-the-latent-reservoirs activation drugswill be used (to eradicate the virus), the sun exposure will be fashionable again.But, for the time being, we should avoid it.

"...health will finally be seen not as a blessing to be wished for, but as a human right to be fought for." Kofi Annan

Nymphomaniac: a woman as obsessed with sex as an average man. Mignon McLaughlin

HIV is certainly character-building. It's made me see all of the shallow things we cling to, like ego and vanity. Of course, I'd rather have a few more T-cells and a little less character. Randy Shilts

I believe my first doctor upon diagnosis in the 80's suggested getting as much sun as possible. Or it could be a false memory My memory portion of my brain is fading daily.

I've met many of the LTS in person and most of us don't look like we avoid the sun. Not exactly relevant to any studies, but I'll never deny myself the chance to tan. I'd rather die with a nice bronzed tan than a pasty ass white body.

I can't recall which previous drug it is, but one of them caused me to burn pretty badly and it was the only period where I had to use screen/bronzer.

Wolfie

Logged

Complacency is the enemy. Challenge yourself daily for maximum return on investment.

i get very little sun myself...im a redhead so sun doesn't agree with my skin, i only burn and never tan. so i stay out of it as much as possible or i use high SPF lotion. The sun is dangerous to the skin and the older you get the worse it gets.

Has anyone seen those old men and women walking around with skin that looks like it could crack at any moment....not attractive... my ex is the same age as myself 41 and he looks like he is at least 10yrs older than he actually is.

The good news is that fair-skinned people need less sun to produce vitamin D than darker-skinned people. The darker you are, the more sun you need for vitamin D production. Even just a few minutes in strong sunlight will normally do it for the fair-skinned. Sun-block products also block the specific rays that are needed to produce vitamin D, so think about having five minutes or so in the sun before slapping on the block.

Has anyone seen those old men and women walking around with skin that looks like it could crack at any moment....not attractive...

You're not kidding. When I was a teenager in Ohio, our next-door neighbour was a sun worshiper. She was naturally blond and fair-skinned; I saw her wedding photos from long before she began her tanning obsession. When I knew her, her skin looked like old, dry, neglected leather, even during the winter months when she couldn't be out in the sun all day.

She died of skin cancer (surprise surprise) about a year after I left home. Turned out she was only 50 when she died, but she looked like she was easily in her late 70s or early 80s - years before she got sick. It was a shame. She was a nice lady and she died far too young.

"...health will finally be seen not as a blessing to be wished for, but as a human right to be fought for." Kofi Annan

Nymphomaniac: a woman as obsessed with sex as an average man. Mignon McLaughlin

HIV is certainly character-building. It's made me see all of the shallow things we cling to, like ego and vanity. Of course, I'd rather have a few more T-cells and a little less character. Randy Shilts