Jamille Is Taking French In School

chp 8 psych

Research on young children’s false eyewitness recollections has indicated that

it is surprisingly difficult for both children and professional interviewers to reliably separate the children’s true memories from false memories.

In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus, two groups of observers were asked how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word “smashed” in relation to the accident later recalled

broken glass at the scene of the accident.

Words heard underwater are later better recalled underwater than on land. This best illustrates

context-dependent memory.

Jamille is taking French in school. She gets her best grades on vocabulary tests if she studies for 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

the spacing effect

Elevated levels of stress hormones most clearly contribute to developing

flashbulb memories

Compulsive gamblers frequently recall losing less money than is actually the case. Their memory failure best illustrates

motivated forgiving

As a child, Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog. Many years later, he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him. Andre’s false recollection best illustrates

source of amnesia

Which neural center in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage?

hippocampus

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information-processing model introduced distinctions among

sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Hermann Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially

rapid and subsequently slows down.

To help resolve the controversy over reports of repressed memories of sexual abuse, the major psychological and psychiatric associations suggest that

adult memories of experiences happening before age 3 are unreliable.

For a moment after hearing his dog’s high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog’s yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________ memory.

echoic

Encoding a written word semantically rather than on the basis of the word’s written appearance illustrates a distinction between

deep and shallow processing.

Procedural memories for well-learned skills such as how to ride a bicycle are typically ________ memories.

implicit

The process of encoding refers to

getting information into memory

Memory to recall, recognition, and relearning

fill in the blank, multiple choice, how much less work it takes to learn info you’ve study before

memory

of learning over time, through the storage and retrieval of info and skills

encoding, storage, and retrieval

info that gets in our brains, holds the info that can be retrieved, reacting and recalling the info

sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory

stimuli are recorded by our senses and held, encoding through rehearsal, retrieved later

working memory

short term memory

Explicit memory and effortful processing

facts and experiences that we can consciously know and recall, studying and rehearsing, thinking about then storing info in long term

automatic processing and implicit memory

without our awareness that we are building a memory, and the ones we are not full aware of and thus don’t talk about

echoic memory and George Sperling with iconic memory

auditory sensory memory, did the experiment where he showed a group of letters for visual sensory memory

capacity of short term memory and working memory

7 +/-2 info bits (5-9 letters) and a myth that we can handle 2 streams of similar info simultaneously

spacing effect and testing effect

use the same amount of study time spread out over many shorter session and having to answer questions about the material

shallow processing and deep processing

memorizing the appearance or sound of words and remembering better

memory storage- implicit and explicit memory

retaining info in the brain- cerebellum(forms and conditioned responses) and front lobes and hippocampus(how we hold stories)

Flashbulbs memories

refer to emotionally intense event that become burned in as a vivid seeming memory (not as accurate)

Hermann Ebbinghaus retention curve

discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned info is initially rapid and subsequently slows down

Priming

triggers a thread of associations that brings us to a concept

Context-dependent memory, state-dependent, and mood- congruent

we retrieve a memory more easily when in the same context as when we formed the memory, we were in when we formed the memory, refers to the tendency to selectively recall details that are consistent with ones current mood

serial position effect

the tendency to move likely recall the first terms (primary effect) and last items (recent effect)

storage decay

material encoded into long term memory will decay if the memory is never used recalled and re stored

retrieval failure to include retroactive and proactive interference

occurs when new stimuli/ learning interferes with the storage and retrieval of previously formed memories, occurs when past info interferes with learning new info

motivated forgetting to included repression

choosing to forget (compulsive gamblers) to hiding the memories

misinformation effect with car accident by Elizabeth Loftus

incorporating misleading info into ones memory event. she used the words hit and smash to change ones image of the accident

Source Amnesia

thinking you remember but the memory is something someone told you (the hot air balloon picture)