Henry Clay Hansbrough (January 30, 1848 - November 16, 1933) was a United States Representative and Senator from North Dakota. Born near Prairie du Rocher, Illinois, he attended the common schools and in 1867 moved to San Jose, California. He learned the art of printing and worked at the trade in San Jose and later at Baraboo, Wisconsin. He moved to Dakota Territory and established the Grand Forks News in 1881 and the Inter-Ocean at Devils Lake in 1883. He was mayor of Devils Lake from 1885 to 1888 and a member of the Republican National Committee from 1888 to 1896.

Upon the admission of North Dakota as a State into the Union, he was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress and served from November 2, 1889, until March 3, 1891. He did not seek renomination in 1891, having become a candidate for Senator; he was elected to the Senate in 1891 and reelected in 1897 and again in 1903 and served from March 4, 1891, to March 3, 1909. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1909. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on the Library (Fifty-fourth Congress) and a member of the Committee on Public Lands (Fifty-fifth through Sixtieth Congresses) and the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry (Sixtieth Congress). He resumed his former business pursuits in Devils Lake and moved to Florida, New York, and finally to Washington, D.C., in 1927, where he died in 1933. His body was cremated and the ashes scattered under an elm tree on the United States Capitol Grounds in Washington.

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