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By directly imaging the lung microcirculation in mice, researchers showed that a large number of megakaryocytes circulate through the lungs, where they dynamically release platelets. Megakaryocytes that release platelets in the lungs originate from extrapulmonary sites such as the bone marrow; they observed large megakaryocytes migrating out of the bone marrow space. [Nature]
Abstract | Press Release | Video

The authors investigated the potential mechanisms that account for imetelstat’s beneficial effects in myeloproliferative neoplasm patients and the manner by which imetelstat treatment leads to a reduction in platelet numbers. Using a well-established system of ex vivo megakaryopoiesis, they demonstrated that imetelestat treatment affects normal megakaryocyte (MK) development by exclusively delaying maturation of MK precursor cells. [Leukemia]
Abstract

Investigators reevaluated the role of RelB in classical dendritic cell (cDC) and myeloid development using a series of radiation chimeras. They found that there was no cell-intrinsic requirement for RelB for development of most cDC subsets, except for the Notch2- and LTβR-dependent subset of splenic CD4+ cDC2s. These results identify a relatively restricted role of RelB in DC development. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]
Abstract | Full Article

Scientists identified that treatment with L-asparaginase results in metabolic shutdown via the reduction of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, accompanied by mitochondrial damage and activation of autophagy. The autophagy is involved in reducing reactive oxygen species level by eliminating injured mitochondria. [Oncogene]
Full Article

The authors used the genomic breakpoint between BCR and ABL1 genes for the DNA-based monitoring of minimal residual disease in 48 patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). [Blood]
Abstract

To investigate the role of treosulfan-based conditioning, the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Acute Leukemia Working Party performed a registry analysis of 520 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received treosulfan-based conditioning and underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) between 2000 and 2012, including 225 patients in first complete remission, 107 in second or later complete remission, and 188 with active/advanced disease 188. [Cancer]
Abstract

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a broad class of monogenic diseases with an overall incidence of 1:7,000 newborns, due to the defective activity of one or more lysosomal hydrolases or related proteins resulting in storage of un-degraded substrates in the lysosomes. The over 40 different known LSDs share a life threatening nature, but present with extremely variable clinical manifestations determined by the characteristics and tissue distribution of the material accumulating due to the lysosomal dysfunction. [Mol Ther]
Abstract

Despite remarkable improvements in medical care for patients with β-hemoglobinopathies, there is still only one definitive treatment option: the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. The development of gene therapy for β-hemoglobinopathies has been justified by the limited availability of human leukocyte antigen-identical donors, the narrow window of application of HSC transplantation to the youngest patients and recent advances in HSC-based gene therapy. [Mol Ther]
Abstract

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Vium announced a partnership with Japan’s Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA) to co-develop humanized mouse models of disease which Vium will offer as a fee-for-service to clients around the world. The partnership, which will initially focus on developing a humanized mouse model for graft-versus-host disease using the Institute’s patented NOG® mice [Vium]
Press Release

Kiadis Pharma N.V. announced that the Pediatric Committee of the European Medicines Agency has accepted the company’s Pediatric Investigation Plan for ATIR101™ for the adjunctive treatment in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for a malignant disease. [Kiadis Pharma N.V.]
Press Release

Merck announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency has adopted a positive opinion recommending approval of KEYTRUDA®, the company’s anti-PD-1 therapy, for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma who have failed autologous stem cell transplant and brentuximab vedotin (BV), or who are transplant-ineligible and have failed BV. [Merck]
Press Release

Gamida Cell announced that orphan drug designation has been granted by the European Medicines Agency’s Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products regarding NiCord® as a treatment for HSCT, also commonly known as bone marrow transplantation. [Gamida Cell]
Press Release

The European Patent Office announced its “intention to grant a patent” to the University of California (UC) for its broad-based claims about the genome-editing tool popularly known as CRISPR. UC, on behalf of several parties, has been in a pitched battle with the Broad Institute of Cambridge, Massachusetts, over CRISPR patents, and the new decision marks a sharp departure from the position of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. [ScienceInsider]
Editorial

Academics at Russia’s premier science body have been left shocked and confused after an election that was supposed to determine the new president of the Russian Academy of Sciences was cancelled at the last minute. [Nature News]
Editorial

Researchers should feel free to include preprints, or draft manuscripts that haven’t yet been gone through peer review, as part of their applications when they seek funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the agency announced. [ScienceInsider]
Editorial

When a senior National Science Foundation (NSF) official told the House of Representatives science committee this month about a “significant rise in the number of substantive allegations” of research misconduct, her testimony set off alarm bells. Legislators from both parties were clearly disturbed by this trend, which had led to three dozen findings of misconduct a year, and asked what the NSF was doing about it. [ScienceInsider]
Editorial