Garments that reach below the
ankles

"Wearing garments
that hang below the ankles" is the first of the so-called "common errors"
listed in the "Salafi" manual entitled Errors in Prayers that must be
Avoided. This manual is filled with proofs that the "Salafis" are misguided
and misguiding propagators of errors in the guise of corrections.

It is a more
than adequate illustration of their delusion that their method of reading
and interpreting the hadith in "happy-go-lucky" fashion, as if it were
a newspaper, regardless of the prescriptions of hadith methodology, will
save them from error. How can something save them from error which proceeds
from pride to begin with -- since they insist on relying on their own wits
rather than on what better minds than theirs have understood from the same
evidence?

They have misunderstood
the caution of the Prophet against vestimentary pride to consist solely
in a point about ankle-length. However, there are those who wear their
the bottoms of their trousers cut short and strut with as much pride as
the pagans of Jahiliyya meant by the very hadith they claim to follow.
The sin does not consist in the length of the cloth but in the hidden pride
it fosters:

'Abd Allah
ibn Mas'ud said that the Prophet said: "He will not enter the Garden of
Paradise who has an atom's worth of pride in his heart." A man said: "What
about someone who likes handsome clothes and handsome sandals?" The Prophet
replied: "Allah is beautiful and He loves beauy. Pride is refusing to admit
the truth and having contempt for people."

Muslim
states

Narrated Abu Dharr:
The Messenger of Allah observed: "Three are the (persons) with whom Allah
would neither speak on the Day of Resurrection, nor would look at them
nor would absolve them, and there is a painful chastisement for them."
The Messenger of Allah repeated it three times. Abu Dharr remarked: "They
failed and they lost; who are these persons, Messenger of Allah?" Upon
this he observed: "They are: the one who makes (his garment) hang down
on the ground (al-musbil), the recounter of obligation, and the
seller of goods by false oath."

Muslim narrates
directly afterwards another version from Abu Dharr where the loin-wrap
or lower garment (izar) is explicitly mentioned.

The following
are Imam Nawawi's, Ibn Qudama's, and Ibn Hajar's commentaries on the various
hadiths on this chapter. It will be seen in the light of their views that
there is no basis whatsoever in these hadiths for the preposterous statement
of the "Salafis" whereby "the above and many other traditions indicate
clearly that wearing clothes that hang below the ankles for men is a grave
sin regardless of whether such garments are worn out of habit or pride."
Observe, dear reader, the sharp difference between the keen sight of the
true ulama and the myopic sight of the rest:

Nawawi
states

As for the Prophet's
saying: "the one who makes his garment hang down on the ground" then its
meaning is: The one who lets it down and drags its extremity out of arrogance
(khayla')
as has been mentioned by way of explanation (of the same phrase) in the
other hadith [in Bukhari and Muslim]: "Allah will not look at a person
who drags his lower garment in arrogance." Khayla' is self-aggrandizement
(kibar),
and this restricted (muqayyad) meaning of letting down the garment
as consisting in dragging it (al-jarr) out of arrogance reduces
the general sense of the person who lets down the lower garment to a specific
sense and indicates that the one meant by the threat of punishment is the
one who does so out of arrogance.

The Prophet
permitted Abu Bakr al-Siddiq to do so (i.e. let down his lower garment)
and he said to him: "You are not of their number" [Bukhari] because he
trailed it for a reason other than arrogance. Imam Abu Ja`far Muhammad
ibn Jarir al-Tabari and others said: "The letting down of the lower garment
was mentioned by itself because it is their most common garment, but the
ruling concerning other garments such as the shirt and others, is the same
ruling." I say [Nawawi]: This has been made plain to us explicitly in the
hadith from the Prophet on the authority of Salim ibn `Abd Allah from his
father: "The letting down (isbal) pertains to the lower garment,
the shirt, and the turban. Whoever drags something out of arrogance Allah
will not look at him on the Day of Resurrection." Abu Dawud, al-Nasa'i,
and Ibn Majah narrated it with a fair chain. And Allah knows best.

The scholars
are in agreement that it is forbidden to pray with braided or plaited hair,
as well as with folded up garment or sleeves or the like:... all this is
forbidden and agreed upon as such by the scholars, and the prohibition
is that of offensiveness of the lesser type (karahatu tanzih), and
if one prays in this manner then he has not done well but his prayer is
valid. Ibn Jarir al-Tabari has submitted the Consensus of the scholars
in this question, while Ibn al-Mundhir has related that one must repeat
the prayer according to al-Hasan al-Basri.

Ibn
Qudama states

The isbal
or trailing of the shirt and the pants (i.e. the baggy middle part of the
sarawil)
in the spirit of arrogance is disliked (makruh). The Prophet said...
[he recounts the evidence already mentioned by Nawawi].

As for the
statement of the "Salafis" whereby "scholars have agreed that praying with
folded sleeves or pants is unlawful" it is a lie since their near totality
agree that it is makruh not haram, as Nawawi states in his
commentary of Sahih Muslim quoted below; furthermore, Ibn Hajar
in Fath al-Bari states that "the prohibition of folding up the clothes
in prayer concerns other than the bottom of the lower garment."

Sahih
al-Bukhari and Fath al-Bari

Imam Bukhari addressed
this topic in the first three chapters of the Book of Clothing in his Sahih,
respectively entitled Chapter of those who trail their lower garment without
arrogance, Chapter of raising up the bottom of the clothes, Chapter of
what hangs lower than the amkles being in the Fire, and Chapter of those
who trail their cloth out of arrogance. Below are some of the hadiths he
included in these chapters, together with some of Ibn Hajar al-`Asqalani's
commentary on them from his work Fath al-Bari:

Chapter
of those who trail their lower garment without
arrogance.

[Ibn Hajar:]
Meaning that they are exempted from the threat mentioned in the hadith,
but only if there is an excuse, in which case they are not blamed. Otherwise
there are considerations which will be mentioned further down.]

1. Narrated `Abd
Allah bin `Umar: The Prophet said: "Allah will not look, on the Day of
Resurrection, at the person who drags his garment (behind him) out of conceit.
On that Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Apostle! One side of my izar hangs
low if I do not take care of it." The Prophet said, "You are not one of
those who do that out of conceit."

[Ibn Hajar:
The reason it hanged low was that Abu Bakr was corpulent... It seems that
its knot would loosen when he walked or did other things independently
of his will, but that it would not trail if he took care of it, since he
would tie it again every time he noticed it... The Prophet's words indicate
that there is unconditionally no blame on those whose izar trails
on the ground without their will. As for Ibn Abi Shayba's report whereby
Ibn `Umar disliked it in any case, Ibn Battal said: "This is part of his
strictness. Besides, he narrated this hadith himself and so the ruling
(of toleration) was not unknown to him." I say: Rather, Ibn `Umar's dislike
signifies those who deliberately trail it whether out of arrogance or not,
and it is in conformity with his narration mentioned by Ibn Battal. Surely
Ibn `Umar would not blame those who did not intend anything. By declaring
it disliked he only meant those who trail their izar without their
will, and then continue doing so after they realize it. This is agreed
upon. They only disagreed whether the offensiveness is of a near-forbidden
or of a slight type.]

Narrated Abu Bakrah:
The solar eclipse occurred while we were sittwith the Prophet. He got up
dragging his garment (on the ground) hurriedly till he reached the mosque.
The people turned (to the mosque) and he offered a two-Rak`at prayer until
the eclipse was over. Then he faced us and said: "The sun and the moon
are two signs among the signs of Allah, so if you see a thing like this
(eclipse) then offer the prayer and invoke Allah until He remove that state."

[Ibn Hajar:
This hadith shows that if the trailing of the izar is due to haste
then it does not enter under the prohibition. It intimates that the prohibition
is specific to what is done out of arrogance. Yet it provides no proof
for those who restrict the prohibition to arrogance only to the point that
they permit the long shirts that trail on the ground.]

Chapter of tashammur
or raising or tucking up one's clothes.

[Ibn Hajar:
tashammur
is the raising up of the bottom of one's clothes.]

Narrated Abu
Juhayfa: I saw Bilal bringing a `anaza or small spear and fixing
it in the ground, then he called for the start of the prayer (iqama)
and I saw Allah's Apostle coming out in a suit of clothes having tucked
up its end (mushammiran). He then offered a two-Rak'at prayer while
facing the spear, and I saw the people and animals passing in front of
him but behind the spear.

[Ibn Hajar:
al-Isma`ili did not have mushammir in his narration but related
it as: "and the Prophet came out and I can almost see the gleaming of his
shanks" then he said: al-Thawri narrated it in the terms: "I can almost
see the glistening of his shanks" which al-Isma`ili commented: "This is
the tashmir in question." It can be concluded from it that the prohibition
of folding up the clothes in prayer concerns other than the bottom of the
lower garment.]

Chapter
of "What hangs below the two ankles is in
the Fire."

[Ibn Hajar:
Bukhari in the chapter-title did not restrict the subject to the part of
the izar as in the hadith he cites in the body of the chapter. This
is a reference to the generalization of the prohibition to include the
lower garment, the shirt, and others. It seems he was referring to the
wording of the hadith of Abu Sa`id al-Khudri narrated by Malik, Abu Dawud,
al-Nasa'i, and Ibn Majah, which Abu `Awana and Ibn Hibban declared sound,
all through al-`Ala' ibn`Abd al-Rahman... Abu Dawud, Nasa'i, and al-Hakim
who declared it sound [also Ahmad] cited the hadith of Abu Jurayy [Jabir
ibn Sulaym] whereby the Prophet said: "Lift up you lower garment to the
middle of your shank, and if you don't wish to, then to the ankles. Beware
the trailing of the lower garment, for it is arrogance, and Allah does
not like arrogance." Nasa'i also cited, as well as al-Hakim who declared
it sound, the hadith of Hudhayfa with the wording: "The lower garment is
let down to the middle of the two shanks, and if you don't wish to, then
lower, and if you don't wish to, then lower than the shanks, but there
is no right to the lower garment for the ankles."]

Narrated Abu
Huraira: The Prophet said: "The part of an izar which hangs below
the ankles is in the Fire."

[Ibn Hajar:
al-Khattabi said: "He means that the spot which the lower garment reaches
below the ankles is in the Fire, and he has named the cloth to refer to
the body of its wearer (i.e. by metonymy)... its principle being in what
`Abd al-Razzaq has cited from `Abd al-`Aziz ibn Abi Dawud whereby Nafi`
was asked about this and he said: What wrong did the clothes do? Rather,
it concerns the feet." However, Tabarani narrated from Ibn `Umar through
`Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn `Aqil: The Prophet saw me trailing my lower
garment and he said: "O Ibn `Umar, every part of the clothes that touches
the ground is in the Fire." Tabarani also narrated with a fair chain from
Ibn Mas`ud that he saw a Beduin praying with a trailing garment and he
said: "What trails in the prayer is neither lawful nor unlawful in the
eyes of Allah." Such a statement is not made on the basis of opinion (i.e.
it is related from the Prophet). Based on the above there is no impediment
to understanding the hadith literally (i.e. as referring to the cloth alone)...

The warning
in absolute terms is in fact understood as specific to arrogance according
to the other evidence which has been narrated, and it is agreed upon that
the threat concerns arrogance...

Exempt from
the absolute understanding of lowering the garment that done out of necessity,
as for instance when one suffers an ankle-wound which the flies, for example,
would harm if it were not covered with one's lower garment for lack of
something else. Our shaykh [al-`Iraqi] has pointed this out in his Commentary
on Tirmidhi, and he has cited as a proof the Prophet's dispensation to
`Abd al-Rahman ibn `Awf in wearing a silk shirt because of itching.]

Chapter
of the one who trails
his cloth in arrogance.

Narrated Abu
Huraira: The Prophet said: "Allah will not look, on the Day of Resurrection,
at a person who trails his izar out of pride."

[Ibn Hajar
disagrees with Nawawi's limitation of the general prohibition against trailing
the lower garment as being specific to trailing it out of pride. He then
says: In conclusion there are two cases for men: one of desirability, which
is to shorten the lower garment to the middle of the shanks; and one of
permissibility, which is to lower it to the ankles. Similarly there are
two cases for women: one of desirability, which is to add a handspan to
what is permissible for men; and one of permissibility, which is to add
an arm's length instead of a handspan...

It is inferred
from the narrations:

that what is
highlighted in the majority of cases is the specific meaning of dragging
the garment behind;

that conceit
and strutting is abhorrent even for one who lifts up his garment;

that the comprehensive
understanding of the evidence is that whoever means, by dressing well,
to show Allah's favor upon him, in thankful awareness of ut and without
despising those who do not possess what he has: then it does not harm him
in the least to wear whatever is permitted, even if it is extremely costly.]

Narrated `Abd
Allah ibn `Umar: Allah's Apostle said: "While a man was trailing his izar
on the ground, suddenly Allah made him sink into the earth and he will
go on wailing in the earth until the Day of Resurrection."

Shu`ba said:
I met Muharib ibn Dithar on horseback as he was riding to the place where
he sat to judge cases and I asked him about this hadith. He said: I heard
`Abd Allah ibn `Umar say: Allah's Apostle said: "Whoever drags his clothes
on the ground out of conceit, Allah will not look at him on the Day of
Resurrection." I said to Muharib: Did he mention the man's izar?
He replied: He specifed neither the izar nor the shirt.... Musa
ibn `Uqba, `Umar ibn Muhammad, and Qudama ibn Musa add to it from Salim
from Ibn `Umar: "Whoever drags his izar out of arrogance."

[Ibn Hajar:
He mentioned the lower garment because in the majority of cases it is the
lower garment which shows one's conceit... In these hadiths is evidence
that the trailing of one's lower garment on the ground is an enormity.
As for letting it down for other than arrogance then the apparent meaning
of the narrations is that it is also forbidden. However: the restriction
of these narrations to the meaning of arrogance furnishes proof that the
unqualified criticism in the abhorrence of letting down garments must be
understood in terms of its specific meaning here. Therefore neither dragging
the garment nor letting it down is forbidden if one is safe from arrogance.

Ibn `Abd al-Barr
said: "What is understood from the hadith is that trailing for other than
arrogance is not sanctioned by the threat, except that trailing the shirt
and other than the shirt among garments is abhorrent in every case."

Nawawi said:
"Letting down one's garment below the ankles is due to arrogance. If it
is done for other than that then it is merely disliked. This is what Shafi`i
declared about the difference between the trailing due to arrogance and
that due to another reason. His words are: What is desirable is that
the logarment reach to the middle of the shanks, and what is permitted
without offensiveness (bi la karaha) is between that point and down to
the ankles. Whatever is below the ankles, if due to arrogance, is prohibited
(mamnu`) with the prohibitiveness of what is strictly forbidden (tahrim),
otherwise it is prohibited with the prohibitiveness of the lesser kind
(tanzih), because the hadiths that are extant concerning the prevention
(zajr) of trailing are unqualified and must therefore be restricted to
trailing out of arrogance."

Buwayti referred
in his abridgment to the text of Shafi`i which Nawawi mentioned. He said:
"Sadl -- letting down a loose cloth -- is not allowed in prayer
nor elsewhere out of arrogance; but it is less (of a prohibition) if done
for another reason because of the Prophet's saying to Abu Bakr." His expression
"it is less" implicitly precludes strict forbiddance. The latter is definitely
understood to apply for trailing out of arrogance. Other than that the
case varies. If the length of the garment fits the wearer but he lets it
hang down then it seems there is no tahrim of it, especially if
this is unintended as happened to Abu Bakr. But if the length of the garment
exceeds the size of the wearer then this may become prohibited from the
perspective of waste (israf) and end up as strictly forbidden; or
it may become prohibited from the perspective of resemblance to female
fashion, and this is more likely than the former....

In conclusion,
letting down the garment supposes dragging it behind oneself, and dragging
it behind oneself supposes arrogance.]

A dubious
passage from Fiqh al-Sunna on the issue

Concerning
the related passage in the English translation of Fiqh al-Sunna:

Chapter entitled:
"Disliked Acts in Prayer #7: Covering The Mouth and Letting One's Garment
Down" whereby Abu Hurayra said: "The Messenger of Allah prohibited as-sadl
in the prayer and covering one's mouth" which is "reported by the Five"
and by Hakim who says that it is sahih according to Muslim's conditions.
Al-Khattabi explains: "As-sadl is to lower one's garment until it
reaches the ground." Al-Kamal ibn al-Hamam adds: "This also applies to
wearing a cloak without putting one's arms through its sleeves."

The author
of Fiqh al-Sunna omits clarification in several respects of his
paragraph above:

The hadith of
Abu Hurayra in actuality is only reported by four: Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi,
Ahmad, and Darimi, and all of their chains contain `Isl ibn Sufyan al-Yarbu`i
who is weak, which is pointed out by Tirmidhi when he says: "We do not
know this hadith through the chain from `Ata' [ibn Abi Rabah] from Abu
Hurayra from the Prophet except through `Isl." Also Abu Dawud, directly
after citing this hadith, cites the report by Ibn Jurayj whereby "Most
of the time I saw `Ata' pray as he let down his garment" after which Abu
Dawud comments: "This weakens the previous narration" because `Ata' is
in all the chains. Furthermore only Abu Dawud's narration mentions the
covering of the mouth.

The author seems
to imply that sadl in the weak hadith of Abu Hurayra is the same
as isbal in the sound hadiths of Muslim previously quoted. It should
have been made clearer that sadl in the hadith of Abu Hurayra means
the letting down of a single loose garment from the head, as the Wahhabis
do as well as the uneducated who imitate them, and as Tirmidhi reports
is the manner of the Jews. The narration also implies that in some cases
it is done without wearing any other garment. It is different from the
isbal
which consists in trailing the izar or lower garment behind oneself
while walking. This is confirmed by the explanations of the authorities
cited below.

Tirmidhi said
after citing the hadith in his Sunan:

The People
of Knowledge differ concerning letting down the garment. They said: It
is the fashion of the Jews. Others said: It is only disliked when, in prayer,
one does not wear other than a single garment. If he is also wearing a
shirt then there is no harm in it. This is the position of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
As for Ibn al-Mubarak, he dislikes it in prayer (unconditionally).

Abu Bakr ibn al-`Arabi
said in his commentary on Tirmidhi concerning the hadith of Abu Hurayra:

It requires
further consideration (i.e. its meaning is not evident). al-Shafi`i and
others disliked it (unconditionally) while Malik said it is permissible,
but there is difference as to its interpretation.

Some said it
refers to the trailing of one's clothing on the ground. Those who allowed
the letting down in the prayer said that in such a case one neither walks
nor trails it because at that time one stands firmly on the ground whereas
what is forbidden is pomposity or conceit (tabakhtur) while walking,
and arrogance (khayla').

Others said
what is forbidden is letting down the garment without wearing a shirt (i.e.
letting down a sleeveless garment from the head). In this case if one lets
it down (loose) over the chest then he remains uncovered, whereas if he
is wearing a shirt then it is permitted for him to let down a cloak and
he does not need to tie it to himself.

Muwaffaq al-Din
ibn Qudama said in his Mughni:

Sadl
is disliked, and it consists in letting down the two extremities of a cloth
on both sides of oneself without throwing either extremity on the opposite
shoulder nor gathering them up in one's hand. It is is disliked by Ibn
Mas`ud, al-Nakh`i, al-Thawri, al-Shafi`i, Mujahid, and `Ata'. It is reported
that Jabir and Ibn `Umar permitted it, and that al-Hasan and Ibn Sirin
used to let down a garment over their shirt. Ibn al-Mundhir said: "I don't
know of a single hadith that can be established concerning it," while it
is narrated from Abu Hurayra that the Prophet "prohibited letting down
the garment in the prayer and covering one's mouth." Abu Dawud narrated
it through the narration of `Ata', then he narrated from Ibn Jurayj: "Most
of the time I saw `Ata' pray as he let down his garment."

[Also] disliked
is the isbal or trailing of the shirt and the pants... [already
cited above].

It is correct
that `Umar permitted sadl as Ibn Qudama said, however, he considered
it offensive because it resembled the manner of Jews, as reported from
him by Ibn Abi Shayba and confirmed by Shawkani. Still we know that he
permitted it because Ibn Abi Shayba reports and Nawawi confirms that he
was seen doing it at least once. This apparent contradiction between the
respective reports that he disliked it and yet practiced it, similar to
that reported from `Ata' dislike of sadl and the fact that he did
it, is resolved by the fact that for one reason or another they may have
done it while nevertheless considering it offensive. This is established
by Ibn `Umar himself when he was seen leaning against a wall in prayer,
although he had declared it offensive to do so. When asked about it he
said: "Yes, we do it, but it diminishes the reward."