My name is Tahmineh. I am Persian, an
international student who moved to
Melbourne in 2011. I have done my first
year of Architecture degree overseas. I
transferred to University of Melbourne
in my second year of degree. My previous design studios we were restricted
to hand drawing. I am quite confident
with hand drawing and I truly enjoy it. I
have worked with 3D Max, AutoCAD,
Photo Shop and Illustrator. This is my
first experience with Rhino. It is challenging, but I am always excited to learn
new things. I am passionate about
design. I really enjoy dealing with compositions. In architecture, geometry and
solidness are my favorite principals. I
admire many architectural style and
architects. Amongst all, I admire Mario
Botta and Antoni Gaudiâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s works.

Shown to the right is one of my
design studio projects in my previous university. The images illustrate the process of designing a
space for dwelling. The brief
required four spaces. Space for
entrance, , relaxation, transition
and meditation. In terms of enclosure I divided my spaces into two
category; open spaces and
enclosed spaces. The open spaces
are dedicated to entrance and
meditation and the enclosed
spaces are dedicated to transition
and relaxation. My concept for the
design was light and shadow. Light
enter to the building through the
rhythmic opening of the walls,
direct the visitor to th e mediation space.

This church is designed by Mario
Botta in 1992- 1998 in
Switzerland.Aside from a glazed roof,
this church is enveloped, inside and
out, by alternating runs and blocks
of grey Riveo granite and white
Peccia marbleâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;both native to the
region(www.mimoa.eu).Building is presented as a single solid shape.
Visually from the exterior it has a
very simple geometry. It is through
the pattern

ofthe materials that the design
starts to shine. I believe this building has a strong poetic qulity, which
is done by arranging the materilas
based on their color. The
other cruscial design element in this
building is the skylight.Glazed roof
at the main space of the church,
brings natural light and daylight into
the space. The patterns created by
sunlight intorduce special qulity to
the space.

Casa Batlló, located in the heart of
Passeig de Gràcia, is a delightful element. It is a collection of symbolism, a
canvas of marine inspiration, a dream
world, which evokes nature with its
organic elements and is suggestive of
fantasy. Quite apart from its artistic
value, the building is extremely functional. It is that is much more typical of
the present than of the past. There
are even those who see elements in it
which are the vanguard of late 20th
century architecture.

There are even those who see elements in it which are the vanguard
of late 20th century architecture.
Human bones are used as a source
of inspiration in some part of the
façade. The curvinilaear elements in
all parts of the building generate a
sense of movement. This building
stands out because of its organic
forms, the innovation of the concepts employed, and the methodology
used.

There is an argument that computers are beneficial to architectural
design process. Prior to argue the advantages of computer design, it is
important to look at the definition of few terms such as; design, architect and architecture. According to science philosopher Jacob Bronowski,
design is the epitome of intelligent behavior: it is the single most important ability that distinguishes humans from other animals.(Yehuda E.
Kalay,2004). In architecture design in more complicated than other types
of design. According to Kalay(2004), Prior to renaissance buildings were
constructed not planned . Architecture was not defined as an independent role. Architect role was involved in both construction and artistic
aspect of design. Architectural design as we know it today is a relatively recent phenomenon. The separation of designing from building
considered architects as independent agents in the building design filed:â&#x20AC;?
by mastering the art of design, professionals in charge of building projects moved away from the craft of making buildings and became theoreticians skilled in drawing and making models.
To emphasize their distinction from the master builders, who continued
to be in charge of construction, they adopted the name architect,
derived from Greek.â&#x20AC;? (Kalay, 2004).Through time, architectural techniques
and approaches has changed significantly. Computers play an important
role in designing buildings. The basic notion of design is analysis. Computers, by their nature, are great analytical engines. If appropriately
programmed, they can follow a line of reasoning to its logical conclusion.
Computers never tire, make silly mistakes, and will gladly search through
and correlate facts buried in the endless heaps of information they can
store. They will do all that quickly and repeatedly, by following a set of
instructions called a program. These abilities of computers enable the
designers to be flexible in their design process. Computers speed up the
architectural design process and give this opportunity to be highly creative.
.

The brick installation "Structural
Oscillations" was designed for the
11th Architectural Biennale in
Venice.
The instalation is fabricated on site
with a mobile robotic fabrication
unit. The design of the 100 m long
brick wall is based upon a continuous line which redefines the spatial
organization of the pavilion. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The
rules for the computational generation of its shape are deduced from
the constructive requirement that
each produced wall segment should
stand firmly on its
own.â&#x20AC;?(www.archdaily.com) Where the
generative curve is almost straight,
the wall's footprint begins to swing.
This increase the stability. The
surface of the wall is further
articulated through rotating the
individual bricks. The rotation is
directly derived from the curvature
of the wall.

The project was developed at the
Professorship for Architecture and
Digital Fabrication at the ETH Zurich
in collaboration with the curator
Reto Geiser in the context of the
exhibition Explorations, the Swiss
contribution to the 11th Architectural
Biennale in Venice.
This example illustrate the role of
computation in architecture. with the
aid of computer the instaltion was
done effictively. The curvature of
the wall is planned prirorly and
oprated by the robot.Brick work
used to be artisans skills but with
the aid of computers and robots the
role of artisans has changed. New
artisanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sits in front of computers
and do the craft works. Computers
are changing the whole notion of
industry in many aspects the future
of this technology is predictable but
fir sure it is very revolutionary.

The Arab World Institute is a multi-function cultural center, including a
museum, temporary exhibition spaces, a library, a documentation center, an
auditorium, a restaurant, and childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s workshops.The building was
designed to display in grand effect the Arabic culture while simultaneously
blending in to the Parisian landscape. The major player in this hybridization is the south facade.The south facade is a modern interpretation of
the traditional Arab screen, the moucharabieh.Camera shutters were used
to create a miasma of circles and poylgons. The shutters are all linked to
a central computer which controls how much light is allowed into the
structure by manipulating the shutters, all 25000 of them.
The focus of this building, as made apparent from the previous information, was the manipulation and molding of light. This is a good exmple of
usage of computer and technology to achive high level of aestetic and
sustainblity in architecture.The staircases and cylindrical book tower are
excellent examples of the use of light and structure.The structureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s
complexity of steel members and frames adds to the Arabic weave of the
environment.

In architectural discourse, parametric design iscontroversial.what
is parametric design in architecture? Patrik Schumacher as one of
experts in Parametric design, explain that; “ all architectural
elements and complexes are parametrically malleable. This implies
a fundamental ontological shift within the basic, constituent elements of architecture. Instead of classical and modern reliance on
rigid geometrical figures –rectangles, cubes, cylinders, pyramids
and spheres – the new primitives of parametricism are animate
geometrical entities –spines, nurbs ”In 21st century, technology is
running human’s life. The human’s needs and norms are more
complex. Architecture as one the most influential designs need to
respond to complex issues. Parametric design gives the opportunity to designers to create unlimited shape and form and methods. According to Schumacher, “ Parametricism seems to organize
the increasing diversity and complexity of social institutions and
life processes within the most advanced societies. It aims to
establish a complex variegated spatial order, using scripting to
differentiate and correlate all elements and subsystems of
design. “In 19 th century Industrial revolutions, affected architecture language enormously. Now in 21 century it is the environmental issues that dominate the architecture. Parametric design is a
great approach for finding new solutions to environmental issues
of the built environment. In this chapter I looked at two buildings
that are designed through parametric design. The innovations that
are possible through parametric design saved great amount of
energy and time in.

Gantenbein Vineyard Facade, Fläsch
Gramazio & Kohler
IBased on the simple concrete skeleton installed with bricks. The masonry was used as a temperature buffer, as well _altering the sunlight
for the fermentation room behind it. The bricks are designed so that
daylight penetrates the hall through the gaps between the bricks.
These bricks are designed ina way to avoid direct sunlight in to the
space.Also Polycarbonate panels are mounted inside the panels to
protect against wind. In This project the robotic production method
enables the designers to lay out thousands of brick especially according to programmed parameters at the desired angle .The technology of
parametric allowed designers to construct each wall based on the
desired light and air exchange for each wall. In the meantime it generated a texture to the entire facade. This allowed us to design and
construct each. The wall elements were manufactured as a pilot project
in the research facilities at theETH Zurich. The walls transported by
lorry to the construction site, and installed using arcane. Because
construction was already quite advanced, was only three months before
Assembly on site. This made manufacturing the 72 façade elements a
challenge both technologically and in terms of deadlines. As the robot
could be driven directly by the design data, without our having to produce additional implementation drawings, the designers were able to
work on the design of the façade up to the very last minute before
starting production. For the manufacturing process for the 400 square
meter façade, automated process Was used in order to apply the twocomponent bonding agent. The reason is each brick has a deferent
rotation; every single brick has a deferent and unique overlap with the
brick below it, and the one below that. The automation in Load tests
revealed that the bonding agent was so structurally effective that the
reinforcements normally required for Conventional prefabricated walls
were unnecessary. This project is a successful example in Parametric
design.
.

Flight Assembled Architecture
Gramazio & Kohler
Flight Assembled Architecture is the first architectural installation
assembled by flying robots. This has been done entirely free from the
touch of human hands. The installation is an expression of a rigorous
architectural design by Gramazio & Kohler and a special robotic system
by Ra_aello D’Andrea. The base of this project is on algorithms. “Flight
Assembled Architecture consists of over 1.500 modules which are placed
by a multitude of quad rotor helicopters, collaborating according to
mathematical algorithms. These algorithms translate
digital design data to the behavior of the flying machines. Ants unfold
as model in 1:100 scale.” (GramazioKohler.com)
.
In this way, the flying vehicles, together, extend themselves as “living”
architectural machines and complete the composition from their dynamic
formation of movement and building performance. Within the build, an
architectural vision of a 600m high “vertical village” for 30’000 inhabitants unfolds as model in 1:100 scale. This newly founded village is
located in the rural area of Meuse, taking advantage of an existing
TGV connection that brings its inhabitants to Paris in less than one
hour. It is from this quest of an “ideal��� self-sustaining habitat that
the authors pursue a radical new way of thinking and materializing
verticality in architecture, Flight Assembled Architecture.

.
.
Not being familiar with Rhino and
Grasshopper the journey was and
still is challenging for me. Compare
to 3d max, Rhino seems to be more
friendly.( Not that I am such an
expert in any of these programs). I
started to learn Grasshopper not
having any idea what is going on. It
was like you have been sent to
another planet. To me Grasshopper
components were like batteries that
are getting connected together to
generate power. Week by week this
start to change. In week two I start
to make sense bit of what I have
been doing through exercise. Working
with Grasshopper is a heavy task. It
is like creating a massive complex
system such as humanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s body. Everything required to be planned before
hand. It is like defining a brain for a
body to work. In architectural design,
things may change freqently; working
with a defined system is helpful.

.
This means there are specified and
defined parameters that are fallowing a function that can adapt to
the instructions given. In 18th century industrial revolution, enormously affected the type of buildings and architectural styles. In
twentieth century it is the environmental issues that are imposing
instruction to architects. To deal
with such a complex environmental
issues, an advanced and developed
design approach is required. I
believe parametric design is a suitable approach for complex issues
such as environmental issues. Parametric design may take longer time
to process but eventually is more
sustainable. For instance, in the
past, brick work required a long
process interms of installation. But
now parametric design invents solutions to speed up the brick design
process.

30

Experimenting Grasshopper

31

Group Statement

The area of parametric our group
wants to pursue is penalization.
Panalisation involves the breaking
up of complex surfaces by repeating elements. Panalisationis is an
interesting technique which allows
you to construct a complex form
from multiple panels and simple
geometric shapes. This approach is
well suited to the site in Wyndham
because it is easy to transport
and then can be constructed on
site. Having multiple panels also
makes maintenance work easy and
cost effective. The panels could
be replace individually. The panels
will be easy to install and construct. This benefit will also
result in a cost effective design.
Panalisation can be used to create
various forms and surfaces and is
not restrictive which will mean we
will not be limiting our design.We
are able to adapt the design to a
variety of scales and sites and
the sculpture could be change

and adapted to move to a different site. With simple regular panel
there is the possibility to create
complex irregularly forms by
having the panels follow different
curves or surfaces. Also it is
possible to have the panels
attached so that they can be
made self-supportive. It will be
easy to create a visually exciting
sculpture via retain of panels or
changing position to allow different effect with lighting and shadows. The panalisation method is
adaptable to different materials.
The flexibility in materials can
allow for cost effective and sustainable materials to be used.
Flexibility of materials also
extend the design options which is
aesthetically beneficial. The components are adaptable and can be
recycled. The sculpture can evolve
and change to remain exciting to
visitors or local residents.This is
a suitable approach.
.

32

Case Study
Voussoir Cloud
â&#x20AC;&#x153;â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Voussoir Cloudâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; explores the
structural paradigm of pure
compression coupled with an
ultra-light material system. The
design includes system of vaults
to be experienced both from
within and from above.
Structurally, the vaults rely on
each other and the three walls
to retain their pure compressive
form. The fourteen segmented
pieces also resolve to make a
series of five columns that
support the interior and back
edge.The overall design draws
from the work of
engineer/architects such as Frei
Otto and Antonio Gaudi, who
used hanging chain models to
find efficient form. Both computational hanging chain models is
used to refine and adjust the
profile lines as pure catenaries,
and form finding programs to
determine the purely compressive
vault shapes.

The voussoir cloud project by IwamotoScott is a site-specific installation
inspired by the works of Antonio Gaudi
and Frei Otto, who used hanging chain
models to find their forms. The engineering firm who worked on this project
used computational hanging chain
models to help refine and adjust the
profile lines. It was first modeled in
Rhino, as pure catenaries. They also
used form-finding programs that could
help determine purely compressive
vault shapes. Their design explores the
conflicting ideas of the traditional
compression of a vault and the use of
ultra-light materials. When joined
together, the Voussoir create a natural vault. The success of the entire
structure depends upon each of the
individual units. The design is successful in terms of finding the juxtaposition
of vault compression and ultra-light
materials.. However, the constraints of
the parametric design may have lead to
restricted outcomes. The inability to
evolve the design outside of the constraints of the parameters may have
limited the aesthetics of the design
and prevented a more successful
result. Our final outcome of the

Voussoir Cloud project has a common
aesthetic with the original project. The
base surface is a similar design and
layout, although our surface is more
regular – each ‘cone’ is of the same
dimensions and laid out in a grid structure. The surface of the Voussoir
Cloud uses varying scales for the
‘cones’, and is much more curvilinear.
The panels of the Voussoir Cloud are
variations of the Voussoir wedge –
ranging from zero curved edges to
three curved edges. These panels were
difficult to recreate, therefore we
decided to use an organic shape for
the beginning of our design. Like the
Cloud, our panels have solid and void
spaces, allowing for penetration of
light. If unconstrained by the original
form, we would experiment more with
irregularity in the patterning and incorporation of light / shadow effects via
varying depths of panels and different
transparencies of materials. We want
the installation to be multidimensional
to provide different experiences from
varying viewpoints. We would also like
to explore the possibility for an evolving installation – ie. One that can be
changed or adapted..

37

Analysis of case study

38

Re - engineering case study

1

After experiencing the Vessoir Cloud
case study. This is the next stage we
done with our model. Panels are part
of the surface.

2

This stage we try a different
definition. Creating points on the
sourface.

39

Re - engineering case study

3

In this stage, we define a new system.
The arch is designed in Rhino and
referenced to Grasshopper as surface.
The panels are designed in Rhino and
Referenced in Grasshopper by defining
a separate system (Box Morph) These
two systems are associated together
to create the whole shape.

4

I.This stage, illustrate how we arrange
the space. Buy copying the definition
of panels we multiply the number of
each arch.