The foundation and chimney are all that remain of the Monticello '''joinery''', one of the first buildings to be constructed on Mulberry Row. A joiner was a woodworker who made doors, windows, and decorative finishwork, such as cornices and mantels, balustrades, and railings. In the forty-year course of the construction and reconstruction of the Monticello house, some of the finest architectural woodwork in Virginia was made in the Mulberry Row joinery.

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[[Image:joinery1.jpg|right|frame|Joinery Chimney]]

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Jefferson had highly skilled free joiners to come to live and work at Monticello. Irishmen like James Dinsmore and John Neilson passed their skills on to their assistants--Jefferson's slaves. One of these enslaved men, [[John Hemmings|John Hemings]] was described by an overseer as "a first rate workman--a very extra workman. He could make anything that was wanted in woodwork." Jefferson considered Dinsmore and Neilson "house joiners of the very first order in their kno[w]lege in architecture, and their practical abilities."

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The foundation and chimney are all that remain of the Monticello '''joinery''',<ref>This article is based on Lucia Stanton, Monticello Research Report, July 1995.</ref><ref>A joiner was a woodworker who made doors, windows, and decorative finish work, such as cornices and mantels, balustrades, and railings.</ref> one of the first buildings to be constructed on [[Mulberry Row]]. In the forty-year course of the construction and reconstruction of the Monticello house, some of the finest architectural woodwork in Virginia was made in the Mulberry Row joinery.

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An inventory of tools Dinsmore made in 1809 reveals the specialized nature of the work in the Mulberry Row joinery. He listed over eighty planes for cutting a variety of moldings, each named for shapes they cut--astragal, ogee, ovolo, etc.

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[[Thomas Jefferson]] had highly skilled free joiners come to live and work at Monticello. Irishmen like [[James Dinsmore]] and [[John Neilson]] passed their skills on to their assistants - Jefferson's slaves. One of these enslaved men, [[John Hemmings]], was described by an overseer as "a first rate workman--a very extra workman. He could make anything that was wanted in woodwork." Jefferson considered Dinsmore and Neilson "house joiners of the very first order in their kno[w]lege in architecture, and their practical abilities."

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Pine and poplar were the main woods used by Monticello's joiners for the architectural woodwork, which was then painted or, in the case of some of the doors, grained to look like mahogany. The parquet floor in the [[Parlor|parlor]], the work of James Dinsmore, was of cherry and beech. Most of the joiners were also skilled cabinetmakers, and numerous joinery-made pieces of mahogany, cherry,and walnut furniture survive. [[John Hemmings|John Hemings]] was known to have made chairs, tables, desks, and the body of a landau carriage.

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An inventory of tools Dinsmore made in 1809 reveals the specialized nature of the work in the Mulberry Row joinery. He listed over eighty planes for cutting a variety of moldings, each named for shapes they cut - astragal, ogee, ovolo, etc.

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When referring to the housejoinery work of Monticello's free and enslaved craftsmen, Jefferson wrote that "there is nothing superior in the U.S." After 1809, when the house was complete and the white workmen left, African-American artisans like [[John Hemmings|John Hemings]] trained young slave apprentices and carried on the exceptional work of the Monticello joinery.

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Pine and poplar were the main woods used by Monticello's joiners for the architectural woodwork, which was then painted or, in the case of some of the doors, grained to look like mahogany. The parquet floor in the [[Parlor]], the work of James Dinsmore, was of cherry and beech. Most of the joiners were also skilled cabinetmakers, and numerous joinery-made pieces of mahogany, cherry,and walnut furniture survive. John Hemmings was known to have made chairs, tables, desks, and the body of a landau carriage.

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When referring to the housejoinery work of Monticello's free and enslaved craftsmen, Jefferson wrote that "there is nothing superior in the U.S." After 1809, when the house was complete and the white workmen left, African-American artisans like John Hemmings trained young slave apprentices and carried on the exceptional work of the Monticello joinery.

==1809 Inventory==

==1809 Inventory==

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Inventory of joinery April 15, 1809 by James Dinsmore<br><br>

Inventory of joinery April 15, 1809 by James Dinsmore<br><br>

Line 37:

Line 40:

1 Sash astragal--<br>

1 Sash astragal--<br>

1 ogee & quarter round--<br>

1 ogee & quarter round--<br>

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1 screw worth 9/. by J Dinsmore<br>

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1 screw worth 9/. by [[James Dinsmore|J Dinsmore]]<br>

2 flooring etc. worth 4/ < > by J nelson <0.>

2 flooring etc. worth 4/ < > by J nelson <0.>

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--Original author: Lucia Stanton, July 1995

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==Footnotes==

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<references/>

[[Category:Monticello (Plantation)]]

[[Category:Monticello (Plantation)]]

Current revision

Joinery Chimney

The foundation and chimney are all that remain of the Monticello joinery,[1][2] one of the first buildings to be constructed on Mulberry Row. In the forty-year course of the construction and reconstruction of the Monticello house, some of the finest architectural woodwork in Virginia was made in the Mulberry Row joinery.

Thomas Jefferson had highly skilled free joiners come to live and work at Monticello. Irishmen like James Dinsmore and John Neilson passed their skills on to their assistants - Jefferson's slaves. One of these enslaved men, John Hemmings, was described by an overseer as "a first rate workman--a very extra workman. He could make anything that was wanted in woodwork." Jefferson considered Dinsmore and Neilson "house joiners of the very first order in their kno[w]lege in architecture, and their practical abilities."

An inventory of tools Dinsmore made in 1809 reveals the specialized nature of the work in the Mulberry Row joinery. He listed over eighty planes for cutting a variety of moldings, each named for shapes they cut - astragal, ogee, ovolo, etc.

Pine and poplar were the main woods used by Monticello's joiners for the architectural woodwork, which was then painted or, in the case of some of the doors, grained to look like mahogany. The parquet floor in the Parlor, the work of James Dinsmore, was of cherry and beech. Most of the joiners were also skilled cabinetmakers, and numerous joinery-made pieces of mahogany, cherry,and walnut furniture survive. John Hemmings was known to have made chairs, tables, desks, and the body of a landau carriage.

When referring to the housejoinery work of Monticello's free and enslaved craftsmen, Jefferson wrote that "there is nothing superior in the U.S." After 1809, when the house was complete and the white workmen left, African-American artisans like John Hemmings trained young slave apprentices and carried on the exceptional work of the Monticello joinery.