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Describe a few key features of Spanish Catholic, French Catholic, and Protestant expressions of Christianity in colonial America (including the three expressions of Christianity within the Protestant colonies)

Spanish Catholics were in the early 16th century. They tried to convert Indians to Christianity, and later on moved their way to Mexico. The French Catholic had a harder time converting natives to Christianity due to geographical reasons. But they were able to sent Ursuline Sisters to New Orleans to establish schools for women. Protestant Christianity in America mostly came from the first American Settlers that could trace their heritage to England, which was predominately protestant.

What was the Great Awakening; and at least three of the various Christian denominations that formed in the context of US religious freedom

The Anglican movement can be known for vestries that consisted of men of the parish. Which lead to lay involvement in the life of the church, which became a characteristic of American Protestantism. The Puritan movement in the 16th century was known for its opposition against the English Church’s refusal to purify itself of Roman Catholic elements

How do evangelicalism, fundamentalism, and Pentecostalism differ from one another?

. Fundamentalists believe that Jesus died to make up for the sins of human kind, but one cannot receive the grace of atonement unless you accept Christ. Evangelicals interpret the bible literally and apply it to their life that way. People who follow Pentecostalism are more into intimacy, emotionalism, and style of informal worship.

Who is Bartolomé de Las Casas? How and why did he try to reform the missions in the New World?

de Las Casas was a man who devoted himself to the defense of the Indians, and the cataloguing of Spanish atrocities against them.

Briefly describe the lives and fates of two 17th century North American Christians: Anne Hutchinson and Kateri Tekakwitha. Why did each experience rejection by the community from which she had to flee?

Anne Hutchinson was the first American Feminist to say that women should have a right to believe what they want. She experienced rejection from the community because John Winthrop who was an opponent of Anne, thought that she was a threat to the authority of men in power. She was accused of Antinomianism, convicted, and sentenced to banishment from the community. Kateri Tekakwitha was a woman who had a disfigured face, that was later baptized a Christian. She was rejected by her family because they did not approve of her devotion to Christ.

In response to the modern world, what changes were made in the Catholic Church during Vatican II (1962-65)?

: One change that was made in the Catholic Church during the Vatican was its sense of style. It originally presented itself with a restricted disciplinary language, but the Vatican II signified rather an entirely new way of thinking on behalf of the Church with a more pastoral style.

Why did some Catholics feel a sense of loss about changes in the liturgy?

Some Catholics felt a sense of loss because old liturgy was thought to be unchangeable, and it was replaced.

How did Vatican II inspire the emergence of liberation theology (and what is liberation theology?)?

The Vatican II inspired the emergence of Liberation theology by the wealthy elite suppressing the poor, and using violence to gain the rights and dignity of the poor. Liberation Theology is the freedom from economic, racial, cultural depression, and decrees the sins of imperialism, colonialism, capitalism, and elitist governments that cause injustice.

Some understanding of divine revelation in scripture lies at the basis of every Christian interpretation of anything. Describe and compare three different ways of understanding biblical inspiration.

Protestantism relies on scripture to establish the norms of doctrine and behavior. Some Liberals who employ the historical-critical method of interpretation say that they are discrepancies in the Old and New Testament. Fundamentalists believe that the scriptures are the word of God and that their can be no error in the writings.

Then describe a few of the Christian arguments for and against the following:
--acceptance of evolutionary theory

Darwin theory of evolution states that everything started from the development of a single cell millions of years ago. And it contradicted the bibles account that God created the Universe, plants, animals, and humans in six days. However, some modernists refute because the biblical account says that plants and animals were created before humans.

describe a few of the Christian arguments for and against the following: --slavery (cite specific opposing arguments of 19th century Christians George Fitzhugh and Charles Elliott)

George Fitzhugh believed that people were entitled to domestic slavery as a happy exemption from social afflictions. But as we have come to find out after sometime, that slavery is wrong on so many different levels, and not just in the United States.

describe a few of the Christian arguments for and against the following:
--the ordination of women

Fundamentalists believe that women should be submissive and remain at home and take care of the children. However, many women in today’s society believe in gender equality as promoted by the equal rights amendment.

Describe a few of the Christian arguments for and against the following:--acceptance of same-sex relationships (describe Walter Wink’s exegesis of scripture)

Homosexuality is frowned upon by Evangelists and Fundamentalists alike. They both believe that a family should consist between a man, a woman, and children. However Liberals point out that homosexual relations are included by Paul in a list of moral violations, but all of which are forgivable by God.

Do positions on either side of these issues seem more compelling to you? Why or why not? (Homosexuality, Slavery)

I think that issues on the side of being for homosexuality intrigues me the most. Because, I believe that a man or a woman should be able to be with whomever sexual preference makes them happy. And I am very compelled to be against slavery, as most Americans would agree with as well I think.

Describe your sense of what Anne Lamott takes the Christian life to be all about, and compare it to one other depiction of lived Christianity we’ve studied this semester (from the past or the present). What do you share—and what do you not share—in the approach to living a human life that is reflected in these two examples? Why?

I thought she was very modern, but her style of humor doesn’t appeal to me that much. I also thought that she was very honest with telling the reader her everyday life problems and were she has gone wrong in places. I share the same sense of everyday struggle and prayer with issues that arise in my life.