of carborundum powder and water. Theaddition of liquid soap or glycerine to the mixture aids appreciably in keeping the powder in suspen-sion during sawing. A thin-bladed diamond saw was used for several dozen corals. The band saw is moresatisfactory... of carborundum powder and water. Theaddition of liquid soap or glycerine to the mixture aids appreciably in keeping the powder in suspen-sion during sawing. A thin-bladed diamond saw was used for several dozen corals. The band saw is moresatisfactory...

Surface energy exchanges along a tundra-forest transition and feedbacks to climate Jason Beringer a 21 October 2004; accepted 17 May 2005 Abstract Surface energy exchanges were measured in a sequence of five sites representing the major vegetation types in the transition from arctic tundra to forest

and surface energy balance, which can vary by an order of magnitude among Arctic tundra communities. We Spadavecchia - 55 - 2008 4.1 Declaration The following chapter was submitted to the Journal of Ecology and plant functional type of a tundra ecosystem'. Journal of Ecology 96(6): 1238-1251) we correct

The mechanisms involved in the formation of coral skeletons are examined using a laboratory model for coral calcification and the growth of living corals under different environmental conditions. Abiogenic aragonite was ...

CORAL Name: STS 2 Model Number: ICP Location: TRL Introduction: The ST Systems Multiplex ICP tool prior to starting your process in CORAL. Loading a Wafer: The wafer is loaded into the system using of the tool. #12;If there are any issues with the tool post a comment in CORAL and contact Donal 2-2983. #12;

PLASMAQUEST STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE CORAL Name: Plasmaquest Model Number: 145 Location: TRL. PROCEDURE: Check reservations in CORAL to insure that you reserved the correct machine in the correct, if this is the case. `Engage' the machine in CORAL for the equipment that you are about to use; use this command

The CORAL software is widely used at CERN by the LHC experiments to access the data they store on relational databases, such as Oracle. Two new components have recently been added to implement a model involving a middle tier 'CORAL server' deployed close to the database and a tree of 'CORAL server proxies', providing data caching and multiplexing, deployed close to the client. A first implementation of the two new components, released in the summer 2009, is now deployed in the ATLAS online system to read the data needed by the High Level Trigger, allowing the configuration of a farm of several thousand processes. This paper reviews the architecture of the software, its development status and its usage in ATLAS.

Accurate predictions of Caribbean coral reef responses to global climate change are currently limited by a lack of knowledge of the dominant environmental controls on coral growth. Corals exhibit significant responses to ...

The exchange of nutrients and dissolved gasses between corals and their environment is a critical determinant of the growth of coral colonies and the productivity of coral reefs. To date, this exchange has been assumed to ...

in the coffin of the commercial fishing industry in #12;Port Canaveral," said Laurilee Thompson, owner of Dixie Crossroads Seafood Restaurant in Titusville. Shrimpers don't fish in the area where the coral is. Fishing for or possessing rock shrimp is prohibited within the current closed area, which runs from about

5 2. GENERAL BACKGROUND ON CORALS AND CORAL REEFS 2.1 Taxonomy and Distribution 2.1.1 Taxonomy or the differentiation of gene pools when identifying and categorizing organisms in the ocean. Rather, classical taxonomy

Corals are increasingly threatened by warming sea surface temperatures and other anthropogenic changes. The delicate symbiosis between corals and their algal endosymbionts (zooxanthellae) is easily disrupted by thermal ...

Plant defences at no cost? The recovery of tundra scrubland following heavy grazing by grey component of low arctic and low alpine vegetation. They typically produce high contents of secondary them less palatable to herbivores. Question: Does the production of secondary chemicals carry a fitness

Scientists at Berkeley Lab and the University of California, Merced are using an innovative DNA array developed at Berkeley Lab to catalog the microbes that live among coral in the tropical waters off the coast of Puerto Rico. More info: http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2009/02/02/coral-reefs/

Scientists at Berkeley Lab and the University of California, Merced are using an innovative DNA array developed at Berkeley Lab to catalog the microbes that live among coral in the tropical waters off the coast of Puerto Rico. More info: http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2009/02/02/coral-reefs/

In the cores of ellipticals, clusters and groups of galaxies the gas has a cooling time shorter than 1 Gyr. It is possible to probe cooling flows through the detection of Fe XVII and O VII emission lines, but so far O VII was not detected in any individual object. The Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS) aboard XMM-Newton are currently the only instruments able to detect O VII in extended objects like elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters. We have searched for evidence of O VII through all the archival RGS observations of galaxy clusters, groups of galaxies and elliptical galaxies focusing on those with core temperatures below 1 keV. We have discovered O VII resonance (21.6A) and forbidden (22.1A) lines for the first time in the spectra of individual objects. O VII was detected at a level higher than three sigma in six elliptical galaxies: M 84, M 86, M 89, NGC 1316, NGC 4636, and NGC 5846. M 84, M 86 and M 89 are members of the Virgo Cluster, the others are central dominant galaxies of groups, and most t...

The nuclear decay library developed for the ORIGEN code was upgraded from ENDF/B-VI.8 to -VII.0 and released in the SCALE nuclear modeling and simulation code system in 2011. Experience with the ENDF/B-VII.0 library identified serious errors and performance issues in the evaluated decay sublibrary. Initially, errors were identified in the decay scheme for the 238U series, leading to large discrepancies in the gamma emission rate for uranium. Further testing of the fission product decay data revealed significant performance issues with ENDF/B-VII.0 relative to the previous release of ENDF/B-VI. To address the performance issues, the decay data library in SCALE was upgraded to ENDF/B-VII.1 and released as an update for users in 2013. This paper describes the practical impact of the ENDF/B-VII.0 decay data performance issues on common code applications, and the validation and testing performed on the updated ORIGEN libraries developed from the ENDF/B-VII.1 sublibrary.

Scientists at Berkeley Lab and the University of California, Merced are using an innovative DNA array developed at Berkeley Lab to catalog the microbes that live among coral in the tropical waters off the coast of Puerto Rico.

Scientists at Berkeley Lab and the University of California, Merced are using an innovative DNA array developed at Berkeley Lab to catalog the microbes that live among coral in the tropical waters off the coast of Puerto Rico.

Implementation of the CORAL Deductive Database System Raghu Ramakrishnan Univ. of Wisconsin Seshadri Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Abstract CORAL is a deductive database system that provides a modu- lar, declarative query language/programming language. CORAL is a deductive system that supports a rich

Implementation of the CORAL Deductive Database System \\Lambda Raghu Ramakrishnan Univ. of Wisconsin Seshadri Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Abstract CORAL is a deductive database system that provides a moduÂ­ lar, declarative query language/programming language. CORAL is a deductive system that supports a rich

Acta Physicae Superficierum Â· Vol VII Â· 2004 EXPLORING ARTIFICIAL MAGNETISM FROM THIN FILMS of artificially structured, new magnetic materials play a fundamental role in modern science and technology. From thin films to patterned magnetic nano-structures, these magnetic materials and systems can be utilized

Statistical mechanical theory for steady state systems. VII. Nonlinear theory Phil Attard School May 2007; published online 2 July 2007 The second entropy theory for nonequilibrium thermodynamics explicitly as a type of the Green-Kubo equilibrium time correlation function. The theory is illustrated

This is the final report of the work performed under the LANL contract on neutron cross section evaluations for ENDF/B-VII (April 2005-May 2006). The purpose of the contract was to ensure seamless integration of the LANL neutron cross section evaluations in the new ENDF/B-VII library. The following work was performed: (1) LANL evaluated data files submitted for inclusion in ENDF/B-VII were checked and, when necessary, formal formatting errors were corrected. As a consequence, ENDF checking codes, run on all LANL files, do not report any errors that would rise concern. (2) LANL dosimetry evaluations for {sup 191}Ir and {sup 193}Ir were completed to match ENDF requirements for the general purpose library suitable for transport calculations. A set of covariances for both isotopes is included in the ENDF files. (3) Library of fission products was assembled and successfully tested with ENDF checking codes, processed with NJOY-99.125 and simple MCNP calculations. (4) KALMAN code has been integrated with the EMPIRE system to allow estimation of covariances based on the combination of measurements and model calculations. Covariances were produced for 155,157-Gd and also for 6 remaining isotopes of Gd.

OVERLAP OF PREDICTED COLD-WATER CORAL HABITAT AND BOTTOM-CONTACT FISHERIES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA of Resource Management Title of Thesis: Overlap of predicted cold-water coral habitat and bottom- contact-contact fishing on cold-water corals (class Anthozoa) due to the role corals play in providing biogenic habitat

Democratizing content publication with Coral Michael J. Freedman, Eric Freudenthal, David Mazi`eres New York University http://www.scs.cs.nyu.edu/coral/ Abstract CoralCDN is a peer-to-peer content, all for the price of a cheap broadband Internet connection. Volunteer sites that run Coral

Deep-sea corals are found on hard substrates on seamounts and continental margins world-wide at depths of 300 to {approx}3000 meters. Deep-sea coral communities are hotspots of deep ocean biomass and biodiversity, providing critical habitat for fish and invertebrates. Newly applied radiocarbon age date from the deep water proteinaceous corals Gerardia sp. and Leiopathes glaberrima show that radial growth rates are as low as 4 to 35 {micro}m yr{sup -1} and that individual colony longevities are on the order of thousands of years. The management and conservation of deep sea coral communities is challenged by their commercial harvest for the jewelry trade and damage caused by deep water fishing practices. In light of their unusual longevity, a better understanding of deep sea coral ecology and their interrelationships with associated benthic communities is needed to inform coherent international conservation strategies for these important deep-sea ecosystems.

Coral reef fish larvae take an active role in selecting their settlement site and sensory cues may help them to orientate during this process. As settlement is a period of transition through which the majority of individuals ...

FISH ASSEMBLAGES ON CORAL REEFS IN GUANAJA, BAY ISLANDS, HONDURAS A Thesis by CHRISTOPHER KANDIAH MAHENDRAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1999 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences FISH ASSEMBLAGES ON CORAL REEFS IN GUANAJA, BAY ISLANDS, HONDURAS A Thesis by CHRISTOPHER KANDIAH MAHENDRAN Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment...

Coral health in St. John, US Virgin Islands, has shown tremendous declines in recent years, with more than 50% declines in live coral cover. As one component of a group project to assess the possible impacts of anthropogenic ...

and cold-water coral banks that could easily be mistaken for shallow, tropical reefs if preserved in the rock record. The Triassic buildups of North America are domi- nated by astrocoeniid, montlivaltiid, and thamnasteriid corals that differ little over... with modern coral reefs, Smith (1927) inferred tropical climates for North America during the Triassic and cited broader climatic belts to explain the present-day distribu- tional data. Muller (1936a, b), in discussing Triassic coral reefs from Nevada...

Long prereproductive selection and divergence by depth in a Caribbean candelabrum coral Carlos of the candelabrum coral Eunicea flexuosa across the Caribbean. Eunicea is endemic to the Caribbean and all sister: How can new marine species emerge without obvious geographic isolation? Caribbean coral reefs

Modelling by percolation theory of the behaviour of natural coral used as bone substitute. Y the resorption and ossification of natural coral implanted in bones. The first step of the process.barbotteau@qse.tohoku.ac.jp) #12;Modelling by percolation theory of the behaviour of natural coral used as bone substitute.2 1

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE for XeF2 Etcher Coral Name: XeF2 Model #: SE Tech ES-2000XM Location this system you must RESERVE the equipment in CORAL. It is mandatory to ENGAGE the machine before you start processing. Please enter etch rate data in CORAL and the logbook by the tool If you encounter any problems

Short Communication CORAL: QSPR model of water solubility based on local and global SMILES 17910, Jackson, MS 39217, USA h i g h l i g h t s " The CORAL software for the building up of QSPR/QSAR models is suggested. " The SMILES is used as the representation of the molecular structure. " The CORAL

ForReview Only A comparison between coral colonies of the genus Madracis and simulated forms Keywords: scleractinian corals, simulation, morphology, Madracis, Computed Tomography scans, morphogenesis of the Royal Society B #12;ForReview Only A comparison between coral colonies of the genus1 Madracis

The Response of Developing Island Economies to Coral1 Bleaching Events2 James George Baldwin1 bleaching induced coral reef degradation and the economies of the U.N. defined small island developing and the health of the reef. Our findings highlight the striking need for better management of coral reef

What's the Damage? Assessing the Costs of Spatial Closures to Protect Corals and Sponges from.: 588 Title of Project: What's the damage? Assessing the costs of spatial closures to protect corals for protecting corals and sponges from potential damage by bottom trawling. However, closures can be challenging

Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates of adaptation under climate change S I M O, Australia Abstract Elevated ocean temperatures can cause coral bleaching, the loss of colour from reef- building corals because of a breakdown of the symbiosis with the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. Recent

Scavenger compositions are disclosed, which have utility for effecting the sorptive removal of hazardous gases containing Group II-VII elements of the Periodic Table, such as are widely encountered in the manufacture of semiconducting materials and semiconductor devices. Gas sorption processes including the contacting of Group II-VII gaseous compounds with such scavenger compositions are likewise disclosed, together with critical space velocity contacting conditions pertaining thereto. Further described are gas contacting apparatus, including mesh structures which may be deployed in gas contacting vessels containing such scavenger compositions, to prevent solids from being introduced to or discharged from the contacting vessel in the gas stream undergoing treatment. A reticulate heat transfer structure also is disclosed, for dampening localized exothermic reaction fronts when gas mixtures comprising Group II-VII constituents are contacted with the scavenger compositions in bulk sorption contacting vessels according to the invention.

UMBC Policy VII-7.40.01 Page 1 of 4 UMBC POLICY ON ACCIDENT LEAVE FOR EXEMPT AND NON to the reporting of work-related injuries and the administration of work-related accident leave at UMBC. This policy is written in compliance with the University System of Maryland Policy VII-7.40-Policy on Accident

18 VII. SOLAR RADIATION DATA COMPARISONS In this section some of the solar radiation data gathered by the UO Solar Monitoring Network is presented in tabular and pictorial form and related to similar information from other Western U.S. sites. A comparison of the amount of incident solar radiation is made us

The Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) released the ENDF/B-VII.1 library on December 22, 2011. The ENDF/B-VII.1 library is CSEWG's latest recommended evaluated nuclear data file for use in nuclear science and technology applications, and incorporates advances made in the five years since the release of ENDF/B-VII.0, including: many new evaluation in the neutron sublibrary (423 in all and over 190 of these contain covariances), new fission product yields and a greatly improved decay data sublibrary. This summary barely touches on the five years worth of advances present in the ENDF/B-VII.1 library. We expect that these changes will lead to improved integral performance in reactors and other applications. Furthermore, the expansion of covariance data in this release will allow for better uncertainty quantification, reducing design margins and costs. The ENDF library is an ongoing and evolving effort. Currently, the ENDF data community embarking on several parallel efforts to improve library management: (1) The adoption of a continuous integration system to provide evaluators 'instant' feedback on the quality of their evaluations and to provide data users with working 'beta' quality libraries in between major releases. (2) The transition to new hierarchical data format - the Generalized Nuclear Data (GND) format. We expect GND to enable new kinds of evaluated data which cannot be accommodated in the legacy ENDF format. (3) The development of data assimilation and uncertainty propagation techniques to enable the consistent use of integral experimental data in the evaluation process.

This paper details the generation of neutron data libraries for the CASMO5 lattice physics code based on the recently released JENDL-4.0 and ENDF/B-VII.1beta4 nuclear data evaluations. This data represents state-of-the-art nuclear data for late-2011. The key features of the new evaluations are briefly described along with the procedure for processing of this data into CASMO5, 586-energy group neutron data libraries. Finally some CASMO5 results for standard UO{sub 2} and MOX critical experiments for the two new libraries and the current ENDF/B-VII.0 CASMO5 library are presented including the B and W 1810 series, DIMPLE S06A, S06B, TCA reflector criticals with iron plates and the PNL-30-35 MOX criticals. The results show that CASMO5 with the new libraries is performing well for these criticals with a very slight edge in results to the JENDL-4.0 nuclear data evaluation over the ENDF/B-VII.1beta4 evaluation. Work is currently underway to generate a CASMO5 library based on the final ENDF/B-VII.R1 evaluation released Dec. 22, 2011. (authors)

This paper describes numerical analyses performed to simulate warm pre-stress (WPS) experiments conducted with large-scale cruciform specimens within the Network for Evaluation of Structural Components (NESC-VII) project. NESC-VII is a European cooperative action in support of WPS application in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) integrity assessment. The project aims in evaluation of the influence of WPS when assessing the structural integrity of RPVs. Advanced fracture mechanics models will be developed and performed to validate experiments concerning the effect of different WPS scenarios on RPV components. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), USA contributes to the Work Package-2 (Analyses of WPS experiments) within the NESCVII network. A series of WPS type experiments on large-scale cruciform specimens have been conducted at CEA Saclay, France, within the framework of NESC VII project. This paper first describes NESC-VII feasibility test analyses conducted at ORNL. Very good agreement was achieved between AREVA NP SAS and ORNL. Further analyses were conducted to evaluate the NESC-VII WPS tests conducted under Load-Cool-Transient- Fracture (LCTF) and Load-Cool-Fracture (LCF) conditions. This objective of this work is to provide a definitive quantification of WPS effects when assessing the structural integrity of reactor pressure vessels. This information will be utilized to further validate, refine, and improve the WPS models that are being used in probabilistic fracture mechanics computer codes now in use by the NRC staff in their effort to develop risk-informed updates to Title 10 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 50, Appendix G.

The overall objective of this research was to document current patterns of CO{sub 2} flux in selected locations of the circumpolar arctic, and to develop the information necessary to predict how these fluxes may be affected by climate change. In fulfillment of these objectives, net CO{sub 2} flux was measured at several sites on the North Slope of Alaska during the 1990-94 growing season (June-August) to determine the local and regional patterns, of seasonal CO{sub 2} exchange. In addition, net CO{sub 2} flux was measured in the Russian and Icelandic Arctic to determine if the patterns of CO{sub 2} exchange observed in Arctic Alaska were representative of the circumpolar arctic, while cold-season CO{sub 2} flux measurements were carried out during the 1993-94 winter season to determine the magnitude of CO{sub 2} efflux not accounted for by the growing season measurements. Manipulations of soil water table depth and surface temperature, which were identified from the extensive measurements as being the most important variables in determining the magnitude and direction of net CO{sub 2} exchange, were carried out during the 1993-94 growing seasons in tussock and wet sedge tundra ecosystems. Finally, measurements of CH{sub 4} flux were also measured at several of the North Slope study sites during the 1990-91 growing seasons. Measurements were made on small (e.g. 0.5 m{sup 2}) plots using a portable gas-exchange system and cuvette. The sample design allowed frequent measurements of net CO{sub 2} exchange and respiration over diurnal and seasonal cycles, and a large spatial extent that incorporated both locally and regionally diverse tundra surface types. Measurements both within and between ecosystem types typically extended over soil water table depth and temperature gradients, allowing for the indirect analysis of the effects of anticipated climate change scenarios on net CO{sub 2} exchange. In situ experiments provided a direct means for testing hypotheses.

The ecological integrity of tropical habitats, including mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs, is coming under increasing pressure from human activities. Many coral reef fish species are thought to use mangroves and ...

We describe Coral, a counterexample finder for incorrect inductive conjectures. By devising a first-order version of Paulson's formalism for cryptographic protocol analysis, we are able to use Coral to attack protocols which may have an unbounded...

The report summarizes results from the authors` 1983 field study. Although the report should be useful in assessing impacts from reserve pit fluids under Arctic conditions and in evaluating possible management strategies, it was neither intended as an exhaustive study, nor can the results be wholly extrapolated to present-day oil field practices. Since 1983, state regulations concerning reserve pit fluid discharges have become increasingly stringent. Also, some industry practices have changed. For example, chrome lignosulfonate drill muds have been partly replaced by non-chrome lignosulfonates, and diesel oil has been largely replaced with less toxic mineral oil in drilling operations. From 1985 to 1987, the Fish and Wildlife Service began additional studies on Prudhoe Bay reserve pit fluids to examine impacts to tundra pond water, sediment, and biota; to evaluate acute and chronic toxicity through bioassays; and to examine bio-uptake of metals and hygrocarbons by resident species--including invertebrates, sedges, fish, and birds. Reports on these investigations have not yet been prepared, but should also be consulted by the interested reader when they become available.

The overall objective of this research was to document current patterns of CO{sub 2} flux in selected locations of the circumpolar arctic, and to develop the information necessary to predict how these fluxes may be affected by climate change. In fulfillment of these objectives, net CO{sub 2} flux was measured at several sites on the North Slope of Alaska during the 1990--94 growing season (June--August) to determine the local and regional patterns of seasonal CO{sub 2} exchange. In addition, net CO{sub 2} flux was measured in the Russian and Icelandic Arctic to determine if the patterns of CO{sub 2} exchange observed in Arctic Alaska were representative of the circumpolar Arctic, while cold-season CO{sub 2} flux measurements were carried out during the 1993--94 winter season to determine the magnitude of CO{sub 2} efflux not accounted for by the growing season measurements. Manipulations of soil water table depth and surface temperature, which were identified from the extensive measurements as being the most important variables in determining the magnitude and direction of net CO{sub 2} exchange, were carried out during the 1993--94 growing seasons in tussock and wet sedge tundra ecosystems. Finally, measurements of CH{sub 4} flux were also measured at several of the North Slope study sites during the 1990--91 growing seasons.

limestone and shale for- mations. Each limestone formation is divided into 1) a normal facies belt of thin limestones generally containing abundant invertebrates and few phylloid algae, and 2) at least one phylloid algal mound complex belt which... corals belonging to Dibunophyllum, Neokoninckophyllum, Caninia, and Geyerophyllum are described from both carbonate facies belts but not from thick shale formations. Family Aulophyllidae is represented by 17 species of Dibunophyllum and Neokoninckophyllum...

CORAL EXTENSION RATE ANALYSIS USING COMPUTED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY A Thesis by ELEANOR ANN YUDELMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, Niall Slowey Committee Members, Deborah Thomas Benjamin Giese George P. Schmahl Head of Department, Deborah Thomas May 2014 Major Subject: Oceanography Copyright 2014 Eleanor Ann Yudelman ii ABSTRACT...

Novel application of the CORAL software to model cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles 39217, USA h i g h l i g h t s " The CORAL software for the building up of QSPR/QSAR models is suggested. " The CORAL model for cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles is demonstrated. " The model is a mathematical

Acidification on Coral Reefs - Perspectives from a Field Study in Mexico" 1/16/13 In your presentation is happening in the real situation? The corals that are moved from their natural environment and exposed. Finally, it is possible that the corals in the field are better aclimated to the conditions

The influence of habitat selection and density on the population dynamics of stony coral species of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124 USA *Corresponding author: K. Semon Phone: 1-305-284-3013, Fax: 1-305-284-3039, e-mail: ksemon@bio.miami.edu Abstract Although stony corals are most frequently

High-pressure H{sub 2}O polymorphs among which ice VI and ice VII are abundant in the interiors of large icy satellites and exo-planets. Knowledge of the elastic properties of these pure H{sub 2}O ices at high-temperature and high-pressure is thus crucial to decipher the internal structure of icy bodies. In this study we assess for the first time the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) relations of both polycrystalline pure ice VI and ice VII at high pressures and temperatures from 1 to 9 GPa and 300 to 450 K, respectively, by using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The PVT data are adjusted to a second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and give V{sub 0} = 14.17(2) cm{sup 3}?mol{sup ?1}, K{sub 0} = 14.05(23) GPa, and ?{sub 0} = 14.6(14) × 10{sup ?5} K{sup ?1} for ice VI and V{sub 0} = 12.49(1) cm{sup 3}?mol{sup ?1}, K{sub 0} = 20.15(16) GPa, and ?{sub 0} = 11.6(5) × 10{sup ?5} K{sup ?1} for ice VII.

Fractal patterns of coral communities: evidence from remote sensing (Arabian Gulf, Dubai, U to power-law distributions over several orders of magnitude to an extent that suggests fractal behaviour, fractal, IKONOS Introduction It has long been recognized that the processes driving coral reef dynamics

the distributions and rates of deep-water mass shifts during times of past climate change has largely been informed by several millennial scale rapid climate change events. Here we investigate the ecological response of deep-sea coral communities to both glaciation and rapid climate change. We find that the deep-sea coral

The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Republic of the Marshall Islands 387 MarshallIslands The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Republic of the Marshall Islands Maria Beger1 , Dean Jacobson22 (1,940,000 mi2 ), the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is comprised of 1,225 islands

carbon and oxygen isotopes in coral skeletal material must be well understood. We have studied a Montastrea faveolata coral core from the Flower Garden Banks deposited over the 161 year period from 1844 to 2005. Annual growth bands revealed by X...

Enhancing the detection and classification of coral reef and associated benthic habitats. Rundquist, M. Lawson, and R. Perk (2007), Enhancing the detection and classification of coral reef and Atkinson, 2000]. Holden and LeDrew [1999] have shown that a high-resolution in situ spectral library can

A 225-year old coral from the south shore of Bermuda (64°W, 320N) provides a record of decadal-to-centennial scale climate variability. The coral was collected live, and sub-annual density bands seen in x-radiographs ...

Deep-Sea Coral Evidence for Rapid Change in Ventilation of the Deep North Atlantic 15,400 Years Ago radiocarbon and thorium-230 dates from benthic coral species reveal that the ventilation rate of the North to interstadials of longer dura- tion (5). One problem has been that the time resolution of sediments is limited

We present data of experiments on the resonant photopumping of Mo VII by Mo XII as a method of generating a coherent VUV source near 600 {angstrom}. The experiment is based on a scheme proposed by Feldman and Reader in which the 4p{sup 6} -- 4p{sup 5}6s transition in Mo VII in resonantly photopumped by the 5s {sup 2}S{sub 1/2} -- 4p {sup 2}P{sub 1/2} transition in Mo XII. Results of the laser produced plasma experiments show the successful enhancement of the population of the Mo VII 4p{sup 5}6s upper lasing level when pumped by an adjacent Mo VII plasma. No enhancement was seen in a control experiment where the Mo VII plasma was pumped by a Zr X plasma. Improvements of the intensity of the Mo XII pump source, achieved using an additional pump laser, lead to the generation of a population inversion for the VUV transition.

To optimize the production of biomagnetite for the bioremediation of metal oxyanion contaminated waters, the reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by two biogenic magnetites and a synthetic magnetite was evaluated under batch and continuous flow conditions. Results indicate that nano-scale biogenic magnetite produced by incubating synthetic schwertmannite powder in cell suspensions of Geobacter sulfurreducens is more efficient at reducing Cr(VI) than either biogenic nano-magnetite produced from a suspension of ferrihydrite 'gel' or synthetic nano-scale Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} powder. Although X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurements obtained from post-exposure magnetite samples reveal that both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are associated with nanoparticle surfaces, X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) studies indicate that some Cr(III) has replaced octahedrally coordinated Fe in the lattice of the magnetite. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) measurements of total aqueous Cr in the associated solution phase indicated that, although the majority of Cr(III) was incorporated within or adsorbed to the magnetite samples, a proportion ({approx}10-15 %) was released back into solution. Studies of Tc(VII) uptake by magnetites produced via the different synthesis routes also revealed significant differences between them as regards effectiveness for remediation. In addition, column studies using a {gamma}-camera to obtain real time images of a {sup 99m}Tc(VII) radiotracer were performed to visualize directly the relative performances of the magnetite sorbents against ultra-trace concentrations of metal oxyanion contaminants. Again, the magnetite produced from schwertmannite proved capable of retaining more ({approx}20%) {sup 99m}Tc(VII) than the magnetite produced from ferrihydrite, confirming that biomagnetite production for efficient environmental remediation can be fine-tuned through careful selection of the initial Fe(III) mineral substrate supplied to Fe(III)-reducing bacteria.

This report is one in the series of 'POINT' reports that over the years have presented temperature dependent cross sections for the then current version of ENDF/B. In each case I have used my personal computer at home and publicly available data and codes. I have used these in combination to produce the temperature dependent cross sections used in applications and presented in this report. I should mention that today anyone with a personal computer can produce these results. The latest ENDF/B-VII.1 beta2 data library was recently and is now freely available through the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC), Brookhaven National Laboratory. This release completely supersedes all preceding releases of ENDF/B. As distributed the ENDF/B-VII.1 data includes cross sections represented in the form of a combination of resonance parameters and/or tabulated energy dependent cross sections, nominally at 0 Kelvin temperature. For use in our applications the ENDF/B-VII.1 library has been processed into cross sections at eight neutron reactor like temperatures, between 0 and 2100 Kelvin, in steps of 300 Kelvin (the exception being 293.6 Kelvin, for exact room temperature at 20 Celsius). It has also been processed to five astrophysics like temperatures, 1, 10, 100 eV, 1 and 10 keV. For reference purposes, 300 Kelvin is approximately 1/40 eV, so that 1 eV is approximately 12,000 Kelvin. At each temperature the cross sections are tabulated and linearly interpolable in energy. All results are in the computer independent ENDF-6 character format [R2], which allows the data to be easily transported between computers. In its processed form the POINT 2011 library is approximately 16 gigabyte in size and is distributed on one compressed DVDs (see, below for the details of the contents of each DVD).

Volume VII of the documentation for the Phase I Data Analysis Task performed in support of the current Regional Flow Model, Transport Model, and Risk Assessment for the Nevada Test Site Underground Test Area Subproject contains the tritium transport model documentation. Because of the size and complexity of the model area, a considerable quantity of data was collected and analyzed in support of the modeling efforts. The data analysis task was consequently broken into eight subtasks, and descriptions of each subtask's activities are contained in one of the eight volumes that comprise the Phase I Data Analysis Documentation.

;1 Proceedings of the Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VII, December 7-11, 1998LBNL-41443 IS-390 Proceedings of the ASHRAE/DOE/BTECC Conference, Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VII, Clearwater Beach, Florida, December 7-11, 1998 The research reported

Cold water coral reefs are of enormous importance to science and society, being hotspots of biodiversity, indicators of past climate and a potential source of new medicines. However, their existence is under threat from pressures including climate...

the building of reef skeletal structure. Coral framework can be broken down into sediments and make up an important fraction of the inorganic carbon pathway. Reef systems also provide ecosystem services such as sustaining commercial fisheries, protecting... beaches and coastlines from storm surges, and supporting nurseries and cultural services. Coral reefs are critically important for the ecosystem goods and services they provide to maritime tropical and subtropical nations. Reefs are in serious decline...

Oculina diffusa Lam. was collected from three sites along the Texas coast. The algal symbiont of this coral was studied directly from the living tissues of th coral and from isolations of the alga in three different media maintained at different culture... of Specimens The Algal Symbiont Culture Media Inoculation and Culture Condition Staining . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Distribution of Oculina diffusa Lam. in Texas Growth and Life Cycle of the Alga . Histochemistry of the Alga Comparison of the Algal...

, acceleration, force, mass, kinetic energy, and momentum. We apply these concepts to objects that have three an expression to calculate the position of the strings as a function of the masses of the objects and rods Newton's second law for the forces on one rod. Next write down an expression for the net torque

VII Pillars Of Productivity Seven practices characterize highly productive companies turning them's productivity growth, more than any other economic statistic, that determines our living standards. If productivity grows at 1% per year, living standards will double every 70 years. If productivity grows at 3% per

Improving Soil Quality Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director of Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. This publication is printed

The ENDF71x library [1] is the most thoroughly tested set of ACE-format data tables ever released by the Nuclear Data Team at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). It is based on ENDF/B-VII. 1, the most recently released set of evaluated nuclear data files produced by the US Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG). A variety of techniques were used to test and verify the ENDF7 1x library before its public release. These include the use of automated checking codes written by members of the Nuclear Data Team, visual inspections of key neutron data, MCNP6 calculations designed to test data for every included combination of isotope and temperature as comprehensively as possible, and direct comparisons between ENDF71x and previous ACE library releases. Visual inspection of some of the most important neutron data revealed energy balance problems and unphysical discontinuities in the cross sections for some nuclides. Doppler broadening of the total cross sections with increasing temperature was found to be qualitatively correct. Test calculations performed using MCNP prompted two modifications to the MCNP6 source code and also exposed bad secondary neutron yields for {sup 231,233}Pa that are present in both ENDF/B-VII.1 and ENDF/B-VII.0. A comparison of ENDF71x with its predecessor ACE library, ENDF70, showed that dramatic changes have been made in the neutron cross section data for a number of isotopes between ENDF/B-VII.0 and ENDF/B-VII.1. Based on the results of these verification tests and the validation tests performed by Kahler, et al. [2], the ENDF71x library is recommended for use in all Monte Carlo applications. (authors)

Three nuclear data libraries have been tested extensively using criticality safety benchmark calculations. The three libraries are the new release of the US library ENDF/B-VII.1 (2011), the new release of the Japanese library JENDL-4.0 (2011), and the OECD/NEA library JEFF-3.1 (2006). All calculations were performed with the continuous-energy Monte Carlo code MCNP (version 4C3, as well as version 6-beta1). Around 2000 benchmark cases from the International Handbook of Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (ICSBEP) were used. The results were analyzed per ICSBEP category, and per element. Overall, the three libraries show similar performance on most criticality safety benchmarks. The largest differences are probably caused by elements such as Be, C, Fe, Zr, W. (authors)

Background: Corals worldwide are in decline due to climate change effects (e.g., rising seawater temperatures), pollution, and exploitation. The ability of corals to cope with these stressors in the long run depends on the evolvability of the underlying genetic networks and proteins, which remain largely unknown. A genome-wide scan for positively selected genes between related coral species can help to narrow down the search space considerably. Methodology/Principal Findings: We screened a set of 2,604 putative orthologs from EST-based sequence datasets of the coral species Acropora millepora and Acropora palmata to determine the fraction and identity of proteins that may experience adaptive evolution. 7percent of the orthologs show elevated rates of evolution. Taxonomically-restricted (i.e. lineagespecific) genes show a positive selection signature more frequently than genes that are found across many animal phyla. The class of proteins that displayed elevated evolutionary rates was significantly enriched for proteins involved in immunity and defense, reproduction, and sensory perception. We also found elevated rates of evolution in several other functional groups such as management of membrane vesicles, transmembrane transport of ions and organic molecules, cell adhesion, and oxidative stress response. Proteins in these processes might be related to the endosymbiotic relationship corals maintain with dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium. Conclusion/Relevance: This study provides a birds-eye view of the processes potentially underlying coral adaptation, which will serve as a foundation for future work to elucidate the rates, patterns, and mechanisms of corals? evolutionary response to global climate change.

A research tool for long-term and continuous analysis of fish assemblage in coral-reefs using a better understanding of a complex environment such as a coral reef, collecting data for long-term monitoring of these environments is essential. Long-term monitoring of a coral reef environment can however

1. Check Equipment Reservations in Coral to ensure that you reserved the correct machine to honor them, if this is the case. 2. Engage the tool in Coral for the equipment that you are about to use protectors and acid gloves. 5. Perform pre-check of wet bench 1. Check the Coral indicator LED in the upper

deformation recorded by coral terraces at Kisar, Indonesia AND Hinterland emergence of the active Banda arc-continent collision: Metamorphism, geochronology, and structure of the uplifted Kisar Atoll, Indonesia and related Banda Arc: surface uplift and neotectonic deformation recorded by coral terraces at Kisar, Indonesia

Modulation of Light-Enhancement to Symbiotic Algae by Light-Scattering in Corals and Evolutionary that the cost of enhancing light-amplification to the algae is revealed in decreased resilience) Modulation of Light-Enhancement to Symbiotic Algae by Light-Scattering in Corals and Evolutionary Trends

, the researcher examined the guidelines for bringing a Title VII case, researched statutory requirements and case law precedents, and compiled and analyzed the outcomes of prior employment discrimination cases. In addition, the researcher investigated...

15/07/12 5:47 AMA World Without Coral Reefs - NYTimes.com Page 1 of 3http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/14/opinion/a-world-without-coral-reefs.html?_r=2&hpw&pagewanted=print July 13, 2012 A World Without Coral of the world's coral reefs, the nurseries of tropical coastal fish stocks. They have become zombie ecosystems

A recent implementation of ENDF/B-VII. independent fission product yields and nuclear decay data identified inconsistencies in the data caused by the use of updated nuclear scheme in the decay sub-library that is not reflected in legacy fission product yield data. Recent changes in the decay data sub-library, particularly the delayed neutron branching fractions, result in calculated fission product concentrations that are incompatible with the cumulative fission yields in the library, and also with experimental measurements. A comprehensive set of independent fission product yields was generated for thermal and fission spectrum neutron induced fission for 235,238U and 239,241Pu in order to provide a preliminary assessment of the updated fission product yield data consistency. These updated independent fission product yields were utilized in the ORIGEN code to evaluate the calculated fission product inventories with experimentally measured inventories, with particular attention given to the noble gases. An important outcome of this work is the development of fission product yield covariance data necessary for fission product uncertainty quantification. The evaluation methodology combines a sequential Bayesian method to guarantee consistency between independent and cumulative yields along with the physical constraints on the independent yields. This work was motivated to improve the performance of the ENDF/B-VII.1 library in the case of stable and long-lived cumulative yields due to the inconsistency of ENDF/B-VII.1 fission p;roduct yield and decay data sub-libraries. The revised fission product yields and the new covariance data are proposed as a revision to the fission yield data currently in ENDF/B-VII.1.

SEDIMENTS AND REEF CORALS OF CAYO ARENAS, CAMPECHE BANK) YUCATAN, MEXICO A Thesis By ROSWELL F. BUSBY Submitted to the Graduate College of the Texas AbM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE... January 1965 Maj or Sub)cot: OCEANOGRAPHY SEDIMENTS AND REEF CORALS OF CAYO ARENAS, CAMPECHE BANK, YUCATAN, MEXICO A Thesis By ROSWELL F, BUSBY Approved as to style and content by: a o omm ttee Mem er Hea o pa t t em er January 1965 4...

Highly ionized, z=0 metal absorption lines detected in the X-ray spectra of background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) provide an effective method to probe the hot ($T\\sim10^6$ K) gas and its metal content in and around the Milky Way. We present an all-sky survey of the $K_{\\alpha}$ transition of the local O VII absorption lines obtained by Voigt-profile fitting archival XMM-Newton observations. A total of 43 AGNs were selected, among which 12 are BL Lac-type AGNs, and the rest are Seyfert 1 galaxies. At above the $3\\sigma$ level the local O VII absorption lines were detected in 21 AGNs, among which 7 were newly discovered in this work. The sky covering fraction, defined as the ratio between the number of detections and the sample size, increases from at about 40% for all targets to 100% for the brightest targets, suggesting a uniform distribution of the O VII absorbers. We correlate the line equivalent width with the Galactic coordinates and do not find any strong correlations between these quantities. Some AG...

Synthesized goethite was successfully used with addition of Fe(II) to sequester Tc present in both deionized water and simulated off-gas scrubber waste solutions. Pertechnetate concentration in solution decreased immediately when the pH was raised above 7 by addition of sodium hydroxide. Removal of Tc(VII) from solution occurred most likely as a result of heterogeneous surface-catalyzed reduction to Tc(IV) and subsequent co-precipitation onto the goethite. The final Tc-bearing solid was identified as goethite-dominated Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxide based on XRD analysis, confirming the widespread observation of its characteristic acicular habit by TEM/SEM images. Analysis of the solid precipitate by XAFS showed that the dominant oxidation state of Tc was Tc(IV) and was in octahedral coordination with Tc-O, Fe-O, and Tc-Fe bond distances that are consistent with direct substitution of Tc for Fe in the goethite structure. In some experiments the final Tc-goethite product was subsequently armored with additional layers of freshly precipitated goethite. Successful incorporation of Tc(IV) within the goethite mineral lattice and subsequent goethite armoring can limit re-oxidation of Tc(IV) and its subsequent release from Tc-goethite waste forms, even when the final product is placed in oxidizing environments that typify shallow waste burial facilities.

Resonance-parameter covariance matrix (RPCM) evaluations in the resolved resonance regionwere done at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the chromium isotopes, titanium isotopes, 19F, 58Ni, 60Ni, 35Cl, 37Cl, 39K, 41K, 55Mn, 233U, 235U, 238U, and 239Pu using the computer code SAMMY. The retroactive approach of the code SAMMY was used to generate the RPCMs for 233U. For 235U, the approach used for covariance generation was similar to the retroactive approach with the distinction that real experimental data were used as opposed to data generated from the resonance parameters. RPCMs for 238U and 239Pu were generated together with the resonance parameter evaluations. The RPCMs were then converted in the ENDF format using the FILE32 representation. Alternatively, for computer storage reasons, the FILE32 was converted in the FILE33 cross section covariance matrix (CSCM). Both representations were processed using the computer code PUFF-IV. This paper describes the procedures used to generate the RPCM and CSCM in the resonance region for ENDF/B-VII.1. The impact of data uncertainty in nuclear reactor benchmark calculations is also presented.

Currently the US lacks an end-to-end (i.e., source-to-detector) radiation transport simulation code with predictive capability for the broad range of DHS nuclear material detection applications. For example, gaps in the physics, along with inadequate analysis algorithms, make it difficult for Monte Carlo simulations to provide a comprehensive evaluation, design, and optimization of proposed interrogation systems. With the development and implementation of several key physics and algorithm enhancements, along with needed improvements in evaluated data and benchmark measurements, the MCNP/X Monte Carlo codes will provide designers, operators, and systems analysts with a validated tool for developing state-of-the-art active and passive detection systems. This project is currently in its seventh year (Phase VII). This presentation will review thirty enhancements that have been implemented in MCNPX over the last 3 years and were included in the 2011 release of version 2.7.0. These improvements include 12 physics enhancements, 4 source enhancements, 8 tally enhancements, and 6 other enhancements. Examples and results will be provided for each of these features. The presentation will also discuss the eight enhancements that will be migrated into MCNP6 over the upcoming year.

The ENDF/B-VII.1 library is the latest revision to the United States' Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF). The ENDF library is currently in its seventh generation, with ENDF/B-VII.0 being released in 2006. This revision expands upon that library, including the addition of new evaluated files (was 393 neutron files previously, now 418 including replacement of elemental vanadium and zinc evaluations with isotopic evaluations) and extension or updating of many existing neutron data files. Complete details are provided in the companion paper [1]. This paper focuses on how accurately application libraries may be expected to perform in criticality calculations with these data. Continuous energy cross section libraries, suitable for use with the MCNP Monte Carlo transport code, have been generated and applied to a suite of nearly one thousand critical benchmark assemblies defined in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project's International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments. This suite covers uranium and plutonium fuel systems in a variety of forms such as metallic, oxide or solution, and under a variety of spectral conditions, including unmoderated (i.e., bare), metal reflected and water or other light element reflected. Assembly eigenvalues that were accurately predicted with ENDF/B-VII.0 cross sections such as unmoderated and uranium reflected 235U and 239Pu assemblies, HEU solution systems and LEU oxide lattice systems that mimic commercial PWR configurations continue to be accurately calculated with ENDF/B-VII.1 cross sections, and deficiencies in predicted eigenvalues for assemblies containing selected materials, including titanium, manganese, cadmium and tungsten are greatly reduced. Improvements are also confirmed for selected actinide reaction rates such as 236U capture. Other deficiencies, such as the overprediction of Pu solution system critical eigenvalues and a decreasing trend in calculated eigenvalue for 233U fueled systems as a function of Above-Thermal Fission Fraction remain. The comprehensive nature of this critical benchmark suite and the generally accurate calculated eigenvalues obtained with ENDF/B-VII.1 neutron cross sections support the conclusion that this is the most accurate general purpose ENDF/B cross section library yet released to the technical community.

for confirming and suPplying iden- tification of various reef coral specimens, and the latter for taking the photo-micrographs used in this report. Special thanks are extended to Ing. Guillermo P. Salas, Director, Instituto de Geologia, University of Mexico...

threatened by a welter of problems that destroy corals, ruin reef ecosystems and imperil fishing of restoring ecosystem health and increasing fish populations [6]. Broadscale implementation of such protected of adults and larvae [7]. Adult neighborhoods, that is, the way adult fish and invertebrates use habitat

similar to what is found outside parts of the Norwegian coast. In the simulations the model is first-water coral reefs of the species Lophelia pertusa are a major benthic habitat in Norwegian waters. However documented in the North-East Atlantic, especially in Norwegian waters (Fosså et al., 2004). The distribution

of NOAA's response to the Deepwater Horizon/BP oil spill. "This is a major catastrophe," said Nelson of Mexico to gather baseline data against which to measure change if oil from the Deepwater Horizon spillHydro International Corals and Water Column Study for Gulf Oil Spill Response 14/07/2010 A science

brings genuine order to Alexander?s ?fugitive? vision by organizing the book by site (in the case of the Corso, the author devotes a chapter to each end of it), and within each site, exploring as much as is known about its pre-Alexandrine topographical... of Alexander VII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. xxi + 223 illus. + 400 pp. $95.00. Review by PHILIP GAVITT, SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY. This carefully crafted and meticulously-written book assembles a wealth of visual and documentary evidence...

A new ENDF/B-VII.0-based coupled 44-neutron, 20-gamma-ray-group cross-section library was developed to investigate the latest evaluated nuclear data file (ENDF) ,in comparison to ENDF/B-VI.3 used in BUGLE-96, as well as to generate an objective-specific library. The objectives selected for this work consisted of dosimetry calculations for in-vessel and ex-vessel reactor locations, iron atom displacement calculations for reactor internals and pressure vessel, and {sup 58}Ni(n,{gamma}) calculation that is important for gas generation in the baffle plate. The new library was generated based on the contribution and point-wise cross-section-driven (CPXSD) methodology and was applied to one of the most widely used benchmarks, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Pool Critical Assembly benchmark problem. In addition to the new library, BUGLE-96 and an ENDF/B-VII.0-based coupled 47-neutron, 20-gamma-ray-group cross-section library was generated and used with both SNLRML and IRDF dosimetry cross sections to compute reaction rates. All reaction rates computed by the multigroup libraries are within {+-} 20 % of measurement data and meet the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission acceptance criterion for reactor vessel neutron exposure evaluations specified in Regulatory Guide 1.190. (authors)

Radiocarbon ({sup 14}C) in the skeletal aragonite of annually banded corals track radiocarbon concentrations in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface seawater. As a result of nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s, oceanic uptake of excess {sup 14}C in the atmosphere has increased the contrast between surface and deep ocean {sup 14}C concentrations. We present accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) measurements of radiocarbon isotope ({Delta}{sup 14}C) in Porites corals from the Mentawai Islands, Sumatra (0 S, 98 E) and Watamu, Kenya (3 S, 39 E) to document the temporal and spatial evolution of the {sup 14}C gradient in the tropical Indian Ocean. The rise in {Delta}{sup 14}C in the Sumatra coral, in response to the maximum in nuclear weapons testing, is delayed by 2-3 years relative to the rise in coral {Delta}{sup 14}C from the coast of Kenya. Kenya coral {Delta}{sup 14}C values rise quickly because surface waters are in prolonged contact with the atmosphere. In contrast, wind-induced upwelling and rapid mixing along the coast of Sumatra entrains {sup 14}C-depleted water from the subsurface, which dilutes the effect of the uptake of bomb-laden {sup 14}C by the surface-ocean. Bimonthly AMS {Delta}{sup 14}C measurements on the Mentawai coral reveal mainly interannual variability with minor seasonal variability. The interannual signal may be a response to changes in the Walker circulation, the development of easterly wind anomalies, shoaling of the eastern thermocline, and upwelling of {sup 14}C-depleted water along the coast of Sumatra. Singular spectrum analysis of the Sumatra coral {Delta}{sup 14}C record reveals a significant 3-year periodicity. The results lend support to the concept that ocean atmosphere interactions between the Pacific and Indian Oceans operate in concert with the El Ni{tilde n}o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

.jss.2008.06.036 CoRAL: A Transparent Fault-Tolerant Web Service Navid Aghdaie1 and Yuval Tamir * Concurrent is increasingly used for critical applications and services. We present a client-transparent mechanism, called CoRAL, that provides high reliability and availability for Web service. CoRAL provides fault tolerance even

2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII, Revitalizing Operational. Established analytic methods of power system risk analysis can model the detail of some likely and foreseen cascading failure of electric power systems. The ability to efficiently quantify cascading blackout risk

flexible enough for rapid in-house customization. Existing passive data collection tools are typically to real-time report gen- eration. CoralReef provides a convenient set of passive data tools for a diverse increasingly difficult and impor- tant. To this end we have created the CoralReef passive traffic monitoring

exible enough for rapid in-house customization. Existing passive data collection tools are typically to ows analysis to real-time report gen- eration. CoralReef provides a convenient set of passive data networks has become increasingly diÆcult and impor- tant. To this end we have created the CoralReef passive

Redox-reactive, biogeochemical phases generated by reductive microbial activity in hyporheic zone sediments from a dynamic groundwater-river interaction zone were evaluated for their ability to reduce soluble pertechnetate [99Tc(VII)O4-] to less soluble Tc(IV). The sediments were bioreduced by indigenous microorganisms that were stimulated by organic substrate addition in synthetic groundwater with or without sulfate. In most treatments, 20 µmol L-1 initial aqueous Tc(VII) was reduced to near or below detection (3.82×10-9 mol L-1) over periods of days to months in suspensions of variable solids concentrations. Native sediments containing significant lithogenic Fe(II) in various phases were, in contrast, unreactive with Tc(VII). The reduction rates in the bioreduced sediments increased with increases in sediment mass, in proportion to weak acid-extractable Fe(II) and sediment-associated sulfide (AVS). The rate of Tc(VII) reduction was first order with respect to both aqueous Tc(VII) concentration and sediment mass, but correlations between specific reductant concentrations and reaction rate were not found. X-ray microprobe measurements revealed a strong correlation between Tc hot spots and Fe-containing mineral particles in the sediment. However, only a portion of Fe-containing particles were Tc-hosts. The Tc-hot spots displayed a chemical signature (by EDXRF) similar to pyroxene. The application of autoradiography and electron microprobe allowed further isolation of Tc-containing particles that were invariably found to be ca 100 µm aggregates of primary mineral material embedded within a fine-grained phyllosilicate matrix. EXAFS spectroscopy revealed that the Tc(IV) within these were a combination of a Tc(IV)O2-like phase and Tc(IV)-Fe surface clusters, with a significant fraction of a TcSx-like phase in sediments incubated with SO42-. AVS was implicated as a more selective reductant at low solids concentration even though its concentration was below that required for stoichiometric reduction of Tc(VII). These results demonstrate that composite mineral aggregates may be redox reaction centers in coarse-textured hyporheic zone sediments regardless of the dominant anoxic biogeochemical processes.

review of this manuscript. Gary Wolff and Fain Hubbard are due thanks for the drafting of the figures. Thanks also go to the men at the Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory, Panama City, Florida, and to the people at Potomac Research, Incorporated, Panama... seawater. The platform is a 100 x 100 i' t. structure located 12 miles West-Southwest of Panama City, Florida in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. OXygen (0 ) consumption and ammonium (NH4+) excretion of the 2 coral~ Madracis mirabilis, were determined...

The following material is provided for each state in Federal Regions V and VII: state title page lists nonattainment areas for each pollutant, the number of monitors with valid readings for a particular averaging time for a pollutant, and the number of monitors that recorded a violation of the standard); revised State Implementation Plan (SIP) outline (covers sources of the problems, the proposed strategies for achieving attainment, and new state review procedures); maps of nonattainment areas, as designated; SAROAD (Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data) data; SAROAD data maps; power plant data; power plant maps; and county maps. States in Federal Region V are Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Federal Region VII includes Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. (JGB)

In December 2006, the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) of the United States released the new ENDF/B-VII.0 library. This represented considerable achievement as it was the 1st major release since 1990 when ENDF/B-VI has been made publicly available. The two libraries have been released in the same format, ENDF-6, which has been originally developed for the ENDF/B-VI library. In the early stage of work on the VII-th generation of the library CSEWG made important decision to use the same formats. This decision was adopted even though it was argued that it would be timely to modernize the formats and several interesting ideas were proposed. After careful deliberation CSEWG concluded that actual implementation would require considerable resources needed to modify processing codes and to guarantee high quality of the files processed by these codes. In view of this the idea of format modernization has been postponed and ENDF-6 format was adopted for the new ENDF/B-VII library. In several other areas related to ENDF we made our best to move beyond established tradition and achieve maximum modernization. Thus, the 'Big Paper' on ENDF/B-VII.0 has been published, also in December 2006, as the Special Issue of Nuclear Data Sheets 107 (1996) 2931-3060. The new web retrieval and plotting system for ENDF-6 formatted data, Sigma, was developed by the NNDC and released in 2007. Extensive paper has been published on the advanced tool for nuclear reaction data evaluation, EMPIRE, in 2007. This effort was complemented with release of updated set of ENDF checking codes in 2009. As the final item on this list, major revision of ENDF-6 Formats Manual was made. This work started in 2006 and came to fruition in 2009 as documented in the present report.

complacency or denial. Keywords Shifting base-lines Ã Climate change Ã Monitoring Ã Coral cover In recent- mental degradation from overfishing, pollution, and cli- mate change, calls for action rather than changes on land following the arrival of Europeans and their livestock, and from land clearing

Keywords: Reef corals Sclerochronology Metal pollution Enrichment factors Mercury Petrochemical industry a b s t r a c t Mining and deforestation in the early 20th century, the development of petrochemical). Petrochemical plants, which usually are built on the coast for immediate access to ships, are one of the most

Purpose: To compare organ specific cancer incidence risks for standard and complex external beam radiotherapy (including cone beam CT verification) following breast conservation surgery for early breast cancer.Method: Doses from breast radiotherapy and kilovoltage cone beam CT (CBCT) exposures were obtained from thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements in an anthropomorphic phantom in which the positions of radiosensitive organs were delineated. Five treatment deliveries were investigated: (i) conventional tangential field whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT), (ii) noncoplanar conformal delivery applicable to accelerated partial beast irradiation (APBI), (iii) two-volume simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) treatment, (iv) forward planned three-volume SIB, and (v) inverse-planned three volume SIB. Conformal and intensity modulated radiotherapy methods were used to plan the complex treatments. Techniques spanned the range from simple methods appropriate for patient cohorts with a low cancer recurrence risk to complex plans relevant to cohorts with high recurrence risk. Delineated organs at risk included brain, salivary glands, thyroid, contralateral breast, left and right lung, esophagus, stomach, liver, colon, and bladder. Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII cancer incidence models were applied to the measured mean organ doses to determine lifetime attributable risk (LAR) for ages at exposure from 35 to 80 yr according to radiotherapy techniques, and included dose from the CBCT imaging. Results: All LAR decreased with age at exposure and were lowest for brain, thyroid, liver, and bladder (<0.1%). There was little dependence of LAR on radiotherapy technique for these organs and for colon and stomach. LAR values for the lungs for the three SIB techniques were two to three times those from WBRT and APBI. Uncertainties in the LAR models outweigh any differences in lung LAR between the SIB methods. Constraints in the planning of the SIB methods ensured that contralateral breast doses and LAR were comparable to WBRT, despite their added complexity. The smaller irradiated volume of the ABPI plan contributed to a halving of LAR for contralateral breast compared with the other plan types. Daily image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for a left breast protocol using kilovoltage CBCT contributed <10% to LAR for the majority of organs, and did not exceed 22% of total organ dose. Conclusions: Phantom measurements and calculations of LAR from the BEIR VII models predict that complex breast radiotherapy techniques do not increase the theoretical risk of second cancer incidence for organs distant from the treated breast, or the contralateral breast where appropriate plan constraints are applied. Complex SIB treatments are predicted to increase the risk of second cancer incidence in the lungs compared to standard whole breast radiotherapy; this is outweighed by the threefold reduction in 5 yr local recurrence risk for patients of high risk of recurrence, and young age, from the use of radiotherapy. APBI may have a favorable impact on risk of second cancer in the contralateral breast and lung for older patients at low risk of recurrence. Intensive use of IGRTincreased the estimated values of LAR but these are dominated by the effect of the dose from the radiotherapy, and any increase in LAR from IGRT is much lower than the models' uncertainties.

COMBINE7.1 is a FORTRAN 90 computer code that generates multigroup neutron constants for use in the deterministic diffusion and transport theory neutronics analysis. The cross-section database used by COMBINE7.1 is derived from the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (ENDF/B-VII.0). The neutron energy range covered is from 20 MeV to 1.0E-5 eV. The Los Alamos National Laboratory NJOY code is used as the processing code to generate a 167 fine-group cross-section library in MATXS format for Bondarenko self-shielding treatment. Resolved resonance parameters are extracted from ENDF/B-VII.0 File 2 for a separate library to be used in an alternate Nordheim self-shielding treatment in the resolved resonance energy range. The equations solved for energy dependent neutron spectrum in the 167 fine-group structure are the B3 or B1 zero-dimensional approximations to the transport equation. The fine group cross sections needed for the spectrum calculation are first prepared by Bondarenko self-shielding interpolation in terms of background cross section and temperature. The geometric lump effect, when present, is accounted for by augmenting the background cross section. Nordheim self-shielded fine group cross sections for a material having resolved resonance parameters overwrite correspondingly the existing self-shielded fine group cross sections when this option is used. COMBINE7.1 coalesces fine group cross sections into broad group macroscopic and microscopic constants. The coalescing is performed by utilizing fine-group fluxes and/or currents obtained by spectrum calculation as the weighting functions. The multigroup constants may be output in any of several standard formats including INL format, ANISN 14** free format, CCCC ISOTXS format, and AMPX working library format. ANISN-PC, a one-dimensional (1-D) discrete-ordinate transport code, is incorporated into COMBINE7.1. As an option, the 167 fine-group constants generated by zero-dimensional COMBINE portion in the program can be used to calculate regionwise spectra in the 1-D ANISN portion, all internally to reflect the 1-D transport correction. The regionwise spectra are then used to generate mutigroup regionwise neutron constants. The 1-D neutron transport can be performed up to three stages, e.g., from a TRISO fuel to PEBBLE to 1-D full core wedge. In addition, COMBINE7.1 has now the capability of adjoint flux calculation through the 1-D ANISN transport. Photon transport capability is also added. For this, a photon production and photo-atomic cross section library, MATNG.LIB, was generated in MATXS format through NJOY code. The photon production cross section matrix is of 167 neutron - 18 photon groups. Photo-atomic cross sections, including heating, are in 18 energy groups.

Deinococcus radiodurans is an exceptionally radiation-resistant microorganism capable of surviving acute exposures to ionizing radiation doses of 15,000 Gy and previously described as having a strictly aerobic respiratory metabolism. Under strict anaerobic conditions, D. radiodurans R1 reduced Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid coupled to the oxidation of lactate to CO{sub 2} and acetate but was unable to link this process to growth. D. radiodurans reduced the humic acid analog anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) to its dihydroquinone form, AH{sub 2}DS, which subsequently transferred electrons to the Fe(III) oxides hydrous ferric oxide and goethite via a previously described electron shuttle mechanism. D. radiodurans reduced the solid-phase Fe(III) oxides in the presence of either 0.1 mM AQDS or leonardite humic acids (2 mg ml{sup {minus}1}) but not in their absence. D. radiodurans also reduced U(VI) and Tc(VII) in the presence of AQDS. In contrast, Cr(VI) was directly reduced in anaerobic cultures with lactate although the rate of reduction was higher in the presence of AQDS. The results are the first evidence that D. radiodurans can reduce Fe(III) coupled to the oxidation of lactate or other organic compounds. Also, D. radiodurans, in combination with humic acids or synthetic electron shuttle agents, can reduce U and Tc and thus has potential applications for remediation of metal- and radionuclide-contaminated sites where ionizing radiation or other DNA-damaging agents may restrict the activity of more sensitive organisms.

To explore the seasonal to decadal variability in surface water masses that contribute to the Indonesian Throughflow we have generated a 115-year bi-monthly coral-based radiocarbon time-series from a coral in the Makassar Straits. In the pre-bomb (pre-1955) era from 1890 to 1954, the radiocarbon time series occasionally displays a small seasonal signal (10-15{per_thousand}). After 1954 the radiocarbon record increases rapidly, in response to the increased atmospheric {sup 14}C content caused by nuclear weapons testing. From 1957 to 1986 the record displays clear seasonal variability from 15 to 60{per_thousand} and the post-bomb peak (163 per mil) occurred in 1974. The seasonal cycle of radiocarbon can be attributed to variations of surface waters passing through South Makassar Strait. Southern Makassar is under the influence of the Northwest Monsoon, which is responsible for the high Austral summer radiocarbon (North Pacific waters) and the Southeast Monsoon that flushes back a mixture of low (South Pacific and upwelling altered) radiocarbon water from the Banda Sea. The coral record also shows a significant {sup 14}C peak in 1955 due to bomb {sup 14}C water advected into this region in the form of CaCO{sub 3} particles (this implies that the particles were advected intact and then become entrapped in the coral skeleton--is this what we really mean? Wouldn't even fine particles settle out over the inferred transit time from Bikini to MAK?) or water particles with dissolved labeled CO{sub 2} produced during fallout from the Castle tests in 1954.

The preliminary data from the temperature and water table manipulations indicated that net CO{sub 2} flux of both tussock and wet sedge tundra ecosystems is sensitive to changes in water table depth and soil temperature. The preliminary results from the patch, landscape, and regional flux measurements indicate that there are large deficiencies in our current ability to extrapolate from patch and landscape levels to the region. During fall 1994, our primary goals are to: (1) Analyze a full season of net CO{sub 2} flux from the in situ manipulations, and determine the effects of water table depth and elevated temperature on the C balance of arctic ecosystems. Once this task is complete, the data will be published in a form that discusses the importance of these environmental controls, and their relevance to future CO{sub 2}-induced climate change. (2) Analyze tower- and aircraft-based eddy correlation flux data, and develop methods to reduce the time required to analyze these data. (3) Determine the importance of environmental controls of the exchange of CO{sub 2} at each spatial scale, and to develop the necessary routines that will permit the scaling of fine-scale flux data to landscape and regional scales. (4) Prepare manuscripts for publication on net CO{sub 2} flux data for each spatial scale, latitudinal flux pattern, and on methods and considerations for scaling from point measurements to the landscape and regional scale.

The aims of this Metabolic Engineering conference are to provide a forum for academic and industrial researchers in the field; to bring together the different scientific disciplines that contribute to the design, analysis and optimization of metabolic pathways; and to explore the role of Metabolic Engineering in the areas of health and sustainability. Presentations, both written and oral, panel discussions, and workshops will focus on both applications and techniques used for pathway engineering. Various applications including bioenergy, industrial chemicals and materials, drug targets, health, agriculture, and nutrition will be discussed. Workshops focused on technology development for mathematical and experimental techniques important for metabolic engineering applications will be held for more in depth discussion. This 2008 meeting will celebrate our conference tradition of high quality and relevance to both industrial and academic participants, with topics ranging from the frontiers of fundamental science to the practical aspects of metabolic engineering.

Irrigation Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director of Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Okla- homa State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma

Levels of Scleractinean Corals Within the Diploria-Montastrea-Porites Zone of the East Flower Garden Bank, Northwest Gulf of Mexico. (December 1980) Stephen Tomas Viada, B. S. , Texas ASM University Chairman of Advisory Committee: Dr. Thomas J. Bright... Population levels of scleractinean corals at "top-reef" and "reef edge" sites within the Di ploria-Montastrea-Pori tes Zone of the East Flower Garden Bank were determined at two sites by means of a series of 34 stratified random photographic line transects...

were conducted at Stage-l, a three tiered 100' by 100' research platform locateri 12 miles offshore from Panama City, Florida. This offshore laboratory is managed by the Naval Coasta'I Systems Center. The laboratory seawa'er system in- take at a... south of Galveston, Texas on the out r edge of the continental shelf at 93 48. 5' west longitude and 27 52. 3' north la. itude (see Figure 2), At the collection site the coral s were placed in aer;ter! !G! 00 aquaria for transport to Fre port...

/238 Uinitial values close to seawater, there is a need for age validation. Redundant 230 Th/234 U/238 chemistry, modified to permit the separation of uranium, thorium, and protactinium isotopes from a single. INTRODUCTION Uranium series age dating of corals, by high-precision and high-accuracy mass spectrometric

.S. Endangered Species Act. Next, to estimate extinction risk for each of the candidate species, the BRT relied to reach a final BRT determination on extinction risk. 5.2 The Species Question The BRT first examined 99 5. METHODS 5.1 Overview In evaluating the 82 candidate coral species, the BRT first

of literature based on coral reef atoll management using co-managed MPAs. Second, a case study approach was used to analyse documents pertinent to Agattis socio-ecological system (SES). After careful analysis of the Agatti atoll and its parent archipelago...

/Ba ratios of ambient-seawater changed over time or that a diagenetic phenomenon have affected the U. INTRODUCTION Uranium-series dating of surface reef corals by thermal ion- ization mass spectrometry (TIMS

The presence of dust in quasar absorbers, such as damped Lyman alpha (DLA) systems, may cause the background QSO to appear reddened. We investigate the extent of this potential reddening by comparing the optical-to-infrared (IR) colors of QSOs with and without intervening absorbers. Our QSO sample is based on the Complete Optical and Radio Absorption Line System (CORALS) survey of Ellison et al (2001). We have obtained near-simultaneous B and K band magnitudes for subset of the CORALS sample and supplemented our observations with further measurements published in the literature. To account for redshift-related color changes, the B-K colors are normalized using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) QSO composite. The mean normalized B-K color of the DLA sub-sample is +0.12, whereas the mean for the no-DLA sample is -0.10; both distributions have RMS scatters ~0.5. Neither a student's T-test nor a KS test indicate that there is any significant difference between the two color distributions. Based on simulations which redden the colors of QSOs with intervening DLAs, we determine a reddening limit which corresponds to E(B-V) < 0.04 (SMC-like extinction) at 99% confidence (3 sigma), assuming that E(B-V) is the same for all DLAs. Finally, we do not find any general correlation between absorber properties (such as [Fe/Zn] or neutral hydrogen column density) and B-K color. One of these two QSOs shows evidence for strong associated absorption from X-ray observations, an alternative explanation for its very red color. We conclude that the presence of intervening galaxies causes a minimal reddening of the background QSO.

Variations of the hypoxic fraction (HF) after single dose (13 Gy or 4 Gy) and during fractionated (5 fractions of 4 Gy, 1 or 2 fractions per day) radiation therapy were studied in SCC VII tumors implanted subcutaneously in the hind legs of C3H/He/Jms mice using the paired survival curve method. Whole-body irradiation was delivered to tumor-bearing mice without anesthesia or physical restraint, because both are known to increase the HF artificially. The HF decreased after a single 13 Gy dose in a biphasic fashion: extremely rapidly within 1 hr and comparatively slowly during the following 12-72 hr. On the other hand, nearly no fall of HF was observed in 24 hr following a single 4 Gy dose. Also, reoxygenation was found to occur more rapidly in the interfraction period as the number of fractions of 4 Gy increased irrespective of differences of interfraction time. However, the HF just before each radiation fraction was significantly higher than the pretreatment level for both fractionated regimens. Thus, the reoxygenation patterns observed after single low and high doses of irradiation were different from each other, and reoxygenation in each interfraction period did not always proceed in a similar manner to that after single low dose irradiation. Reoxygenation was facilitated as fractionated radiation therapy proceeded, but it was not sufficient for the HF to remain at a level comparable to that before irradiation.

We examine the X-ray spectra of VII Zw 403, a nearby low-metallicity blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy. The galaxy has been observed to contain an X-ray source, likely a high mass X-ray binary (HMXB), with a luminosity of 1.3-23x10^38 erg s^-1 in the 0.3-8 keV energy range. A new Suzaku observation shows a transition to a luminosity of 1.7x10^40 erg s^-1 [0.3-8 keV], higher by a factor of 7-130. The spectra from the high flux state are hard, best described by a disk plus Comptonization model, and exhibit curvature at energies above 5 keV. This is consistent with many high-quality ultraluminous X-ray source spectra which have been interpreted as stellar mass black holes (StMBH) accreting at super-Eddington rates. However, this lies in contrast to another HMXB in a low-metallicity BCD, I Zw 18, that exhibits a soft spectrum at high flux, similar to Galactic black hole binaries and has been interpreted as a possible intermediate mass black hole. Determining the spectral properties of HMXBs in BCDs has important im...

The state of Michigan technical review evaluted about forty-five grantees. The reviewers at the state level seem to have screened out bad submissions or illogical calculation sequences. Michigan reviewers were careful to a fault, and at times had gone through and recalculated many of the smaller energy savings ECM's so that the submission could in fact progress towards the federal level at an appropriate speed. The depth of analysis was very good and the coverage was certainly adequate. There were no submissions in the state of Michigan which warrant detailed commentary about their lack of any part of the submission. The state of Indiana had approximately 33 grantee submissions. The federal level technical review looked at each and every submission to see if it met criteria and calculation adequacy. In many cases the state of Indiana showed evidence of not having had adequate state review. Certainly there were no marks, corrections of any kind in most of the submitted documentation. It is apparent that the state of Indiana will warrant continuous evaluation over the next few cycles in order to upgrade their overall review of their grants. It is suggested that some help be given to the Indiana review agency. The technical reviewers for Cycle VII suggest a continuation of the review process for Indiana, and some additional support to aid them in the review function at the state level to insure that the state reviewers are not skimming the projects at an inadequate level.

A set of computational benchmarks for the Doppler reactivity defect has been specified for an infinite array of identical fuel pin cells containing normal or enriched UO{sub 2} fuel, reactor-recycle mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel, or weapons-grade MOX fuel. The Doppler coefficient of reactivity, as well as the Doppler defect, can be computed for each of the cells. The MCNP5 Monte Carlo code was used to perform calculations for these benchmarks using cross sections derived from the ENDF/B-V, ENDF/B-VI, and ENDF/B-VII.0 nuclear data sets. The Doppler coefficients obtained from the three data sets exhibit very similar behavior. The Doppler coefficient for UO{sub 2} fuel becomes less negative with increasing enrichment, with a generally asymptotic shape. The Doppler coefficient for the reactor-recycle MOX becomes less negative with increasing PuO{sub 2} content but exhibits less curvature than that for UO{sub 2} fuel. The Doppler coefficient for weapons-grade MOX shows a pronounced shoulder between 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% PuO{sub 2}, with a nearly constant value thereafter. The Doppler coefficient for heavily loaded MOX fuel, whether reactor-recycle or weapons-grade, is significantly more negative than that for highly enriched UO{sub 2} fuel.

The Earth`s largest atmospheric convective center is the Indonesian Low. It generates the Australasian monsoon, drives the zonal tropospheric Walker Circulation, and is implicated in the genesis of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The long-term variability of the Indonesian Low is poorly characterized, yet such information is crucial for evaluating whether changes in the strength and frequency of ENSO events are a possible manifestation of global warming. Stable oxygen isotope ratios ({delta}{sup 18}O) in shallow-water reef coral skeletons track topical convective activity over hundreds of years because the input of isotopically-depleted rainwater dilutes seawater {delta}{sup 18}O. Corals also impose a temperature-dependent fractionation on {delta}{sup 18}O, but where annual rainfall is high and sea surface temperature (SST) variability is low the freshwater flux effect dominates.

f I The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Environmental Technology Section conducted an independent verification (IV) survey of the clean storage pile at the Johnston Atoll Plutonium Contaminated Soil Remediation Project (JAPCSRP) from January 18-25, 1999. The goal of the JAPCSRP is to restore a 24-acre area that was contaminated with plutonium oxide particles during nuclear testing in the 1960s. The selected remedy was a soil sorting operation that combined radiological measurements and mining processes to identify and sequester plutonium-contaminated soil. The soil sorter operated from about 1990 to 1998. The remaining clean soil is stored on-site for planned beneficial use on Johnston Island. The clean storage pile currently consists of approximately 120,000 m3 of coral. ORNL conducted the survey according to a Sampling and Analysis Plan, which proposed to provide an IV of the clean pile by collecting a minimum number (99) of samples. The goal was to ascertain wi th 95% confidence whether 97% of the processed soil is less than or equal to the accepted guideline (500-Bq/kg or 13.5-pCi/g) total transuranic (TRU) activity.

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND POPULATION LEVELS OF SCLERACTINEAN CORALS WITHIN THE DIPLORIA-MONTASTREA-PORITES ZONE OF THE EAST FLOWER GA~IIK, I w MEXICO A Thesis by STEPHEN TOMAS VIADA Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A8M University...~A1IN, MEXICO A Thesis by STEPHEN TOMAS VIADA Approved as to style and content by: Chairman o Com 'ttee Thomas J. Bright Mem er Richard Rezak Member Merrill H. Sweet a Department December 1980 ABSTRACT Species Composition and Population...

Energies and lifetimes are reported for the lowest 375 levels of five Br-like ions, namely Sr~IV, Y~V, Zr~VI, Nb~VII, and Mo~VIII, mostly belonging to the 4s$^2$4p$^5$, 4s$^2$4p$^4$4$\\ell$, 4s4p$^6$, 4s$^2$4p$^4$5$\\ell$, 4s$^2$4p$^3$4d$^2$, 4s4p$^5$4$\\ell$, and 4s4p$^5$5$\\ell$ configurations. Extensive configuration interaction has been included and the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package ({\\sc grasp}) has been adopted for the calculations. Additionally, radiative rates are listed among these levels for all E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions. From a comparison with the measurements, the majority of our energy levels are assessed to be accurate to better than 2\\%, although discrepancies between theory and experiment for a few are up to 6\\%. An accuracy assessment of the calculated radiative rates (and lifetimes) is more difficult, because no prior results exist for these ions.

sugarcane and sweet sorghums for many years. In the United States, ethanol production has focused primarily on grains as the primary feedstock. More recently, the use of biomass to ethanol has come to the forefront of policy discussion and research.... Basically there are three sources of feedstock currently being used worldwide: sugar sources, grain, and biomass. Sorghum is the fifth largest crop grown in the United States. Typically it has been used as a feed grain; however, new uses of the crop lend...

, and annual domestic biodiesel produc- tion increases to 1 billion gallons. Under Scenario 2, annual domestic ethanol production increases to 20 billion gallons by 2016, and annual domestic biodiesel production increases to 1 billion gallons... of biodiesel production in 2016 in USDAs long-term agricultural projections released in February 2007 (baseline). Dur- ing 2007-16, domestic ethanol production increases by an average of 2 billion gallons year under Scenario 1 compared with the baseline...

sugarcane and sweet sorghums for many years. In the United States, ethanol production has focused primarily on grains as the primary feedstock. More recently, the use of biomass to ethanol has come to the forefront of policy discussion and research.... Basically there are three sources of feedstock currently being used worldwide: sugar sources, grain, and biomass. Sorghum is the fifth largest crop grown in the United States. Typically it has been used as a feed grain; however, new uses of the crop lend...

, are only 7 to 9 days later than the prominent ja- ponica check cultivar Francis, yield 83 to 96% of the check, have grain shape and amylose contents similar to US long grain cultivars, and, very importantly, have competitive head rice yields... earlier than their respective indica parents, and are 9 and 21 days later than the japonica check Francis. Grain shape and amylose contents are similar to U.S. long grain varieties. Still more early flowering mu- 2 From the Editor... Inside This Issue...

decade ago, J. Neil Rutger, retired Chief Scientist at the Bumpers Center, contributed to the change by initiating a base- broadening program to develop im- proved indica germplasm adapted to the U.S. By the mid-1990s exciting yield increases had... growers, so they may increase productivity and profitability on their farms. continued on next page Texas rice is attacked by three species of stem borerssugarcane borer (SCB), Diatraea sacchara- lis; Mexican rice borer (MRB), Eoreuma loftini; and rice...

Baucus is expected to hold later this Summer or early Fall. Copies of some of the testimonies can be found at the ITC website at: http://www.usitc.gov/ext_relations/ spotlight/cuba_testimony.htm And finally, Alimport, Cubas food import agency... the same, and 39.6% think it should be stopped. Further discourse on this topic includes Interna- tional Trade Commission hearings, the first held on May 1, 2007. The ITC held public hearings to evalu- ate the impact of current regulations on the sales...

The Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic database (LEDA) gives a free access to the main astrophysical parameters for more than 100,000 galaxies. The most common names are compiled allowing users to recover quickly any galaxy. All these measured astrophysical parameters are first reduced to a common system according to well defined reduction formulae leading to mean homogeneized parameters. Further, these parameters are also transformed into corrected parameters from widely accepted models. For instance, raw 21-cm line widths are transformed into mean standard widths after correction for instrumental effect and then into maximum velocity rotation properly corrected for inclination and non-circular velocity. This paper presents the reduction formulae for each parameter: coordinates, morphological type and luminosity class, diameter and axis ratio, apparent magnitude (UBV, IR, HI) and colors, maximum velocity rotation and central velocity dispersion, radial velocity, mean surface brightness, distance modulus and absolute magnitude, and group membership. For each of these parameters intermediate quantities are given: galactic extinction, inclination, K-correction etc.. All these parameters are available from direct connexion to LEDA (telnet lmc.univ-lyon1.fr, login: leda, no passwd OR http://www-obs.univ-lyon1.fr/leda ) and distributed on a standard CD-ROM (PGC-ROM 1996) by the Observatoire de Lyon via the CNRS (mail to petit@obs.univ-lyon1.fr).

population of hemp sesbania. What was learned? Castillo said zero grade is critical to establishing an even and early flood. Also, the seeding rate in organic systems should be higher to ensure a thick stand, which would in turn help with weed... 41 acres, due to hemp sesbania, and the portion that was harvested had high numbers of the weed seeds in the final product. This, and a significant amount of brokens, drastically reduced the price received for the crop, resulting in a net loss...

'Bioimmobilization' of redox-sensitive metals and radionuclides is being investigated as a way to remediate contaminated groundwater and sediments. In this approach, growth-limiting substrates are added to stimulate the activity of targeted groups of indigenous microorganisms and create conditions favorable for the microbially-mediated precipitation ('bioimmobilization') of targeted contaminants. This project investigated a fundamentally new approach for modeling this process that couples thermodynamic descriptions for microbial growth with associated geochemical reactions. In this approach, a synthetic microbial community is defined as a collection of defined microbial groups; each with a growth equation derived from bioenergetic principles. The growth equations and standard-state free energy yields are appended to a thermodynamic database for geochemical reactions and the combined equations are solved simultaneously to predict the effect of added substrates on microbial biomass, community composition, and system geochemistry. This approach, with a single set of thermodynamic parameters (one for each growth equation), was used to predict the results of laboratory and field bioimmobilization experiments at two geochemically diverse research sites. Predicted effects of ethanol or acetate addition on uranium and technetium solubility, major ion geochemistry, mineralogy, microbial biomass and community composition were in general agreement with experimental observations although the available experimental data precluded rigorous model testing. Model simulations provide insight into the long-standing difficulty in transferring experimental results from the laboratory to the field and from one field site to the next, especially if the form, concentration, or delivery of growth substrate is varied from one experiment to the next. Although originally developed for use in better understanding bioimmobilization of uranium and technetium via reductive precipitation, the modeling approach is potentially useful for exploring the coupling of microbial growth and geochemical reactions in a variety of basic and applied biotechnology research settings.

Objective of the Energy Economic Data Base (EEDB) Program is to provide current, representative and consistent power plant technical and cost information to the US Department of Energy (DOE). These data are useful for program planning by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, because they are representative of current US power plant construction cost experience and are developed on a consistent, organized basis.

During this final year of the Pacific Northwest Regional Collaboratory we focused significantly on continuing the relationship between technical teams and government end-users. The main theme of the year was integration. This took the form of data integration via our web portal and integration of our technologies with the end users. The PNWRC's technical portfolio is based on EOS strategies, and focuses on 'applications of national priority: water management, invasive species, coastal management and ecological forecasting.' The products of our technical approaches have been well received by the community of focused end-users. The objective this year was to broaden that community and develop external support to continue and operationalize product development.

The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) has observed the full sky at six frequencies (100, 143, 217, 353, 545, and 857 GHz) in intensity and at four frequencies in linear polarization (100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz). In order to obtain sky maps, the time-ordered information (TOI) containing the detector and pointing samples must be processed and the angular response must be assessed. The full mission TOI is included in the Planck 2015 release. This paper describes the HFI TOI and beam processing for the 2015 release. HFI calibration and map-making are described in a companion paper. The main pipeline has been modified since the last release (2013 nominal mission in intensity only), by including a correction for the non-linearity of the warm readout and by improving the model of the bolometer time response. The beam processing is an essential tool that derives the angular response used in all the Planck science papers and we report an improvement in the effective beam window function uncertainty of more than a...

The proper prediction of thermal and structural loads is crucial for the design of future space transportation systems. Especially the thermal and structural loads caused by shockÂ­shock interactions may pose). These configurations are the result of an incident shock wave which impinges on the bow shock in front of a blunt body

-shock interaction, grid adaptation, thermochemical nonequilibrium. 1. Introduction The proper prediction of thermal and structural loads is crucial for the design of future space transportation systems. Especially the thermal of an incident shock wave which impinges on the bow shock in front of a blunt body. A supersonic jet forms

of resource management. Many of the management practices used in recreation or protected natural areas and management of parks, wildlands and natural resource protected areas or commercial concessions related to recreation planning on multiple-use forest lands, parks, wilderness areas and private lands

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directed off Energy.gov. Are you sure you want toworldPowerHome |Cooking forEnvironment, Health, Safety

and contemporary observations of woody cover from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor. Our about land-use and land-cover change [DeFries, 2008]. The widespread availability, low cost, and high. Biogeophysical feedbacks, involving exchanges of water and energy between the land surface and atmosphere [Bonan

and Price, 1975; Porter, 1976; Fadallah, 1983) and corallite area has been used as a linear approximation for biomass (and Price, 1975; Porter, 1976; Fadallah, 1983; Edwards and Gates, 2002), but there are no comprehensive comparative data on how biomass

for each module in the program. In addition, users are permitted to guide query optimization, if desired Foundation Fellowship in Science and Engineering, a Presidential Young Investigator Award with matching

is expressed to M. L. THOMPSON, 110%, of the Illinois State Geological Survey, for first sug- gesting the problem; to M. T. STURGEON, Ohio University, who accompanied me in the field and supplied the strati- graphic information at each locality; and to R. M. EF... is expressed to M. L. THOMPSON, 110%, of the Illinois State Geological Survey, for first sug- gesting the problem; to M. T. STURGEON, Ohio University, who accompanied me in the field and supplied the strati- graphic information at each locality; and to R. M. EF...

Arctic permafrost ecosystems store ~50% of global belowground carbon (C) that is vulnerable to increased microbial degradation with warmer active layer temperatures and thawing of the near surface permafrost. We used anoxic laboratory incubations to estimate anaerobic CO2 production and methanogenesis in active layer (organic and mineral soil horizons) and permafrost samples from center, ridge and trough positions of water-saturated low-centered polygon in Barrow Environmental Observatory, Barrow AK, USA. Methane (CH4) and CO2 production rates and concentrations were determined at 2, +4, or +8 C for 60 day incubation period. Temporal dynamics of CO2 production and methanogenesis at 2 C showed evidence of fundamentally different mechanisms of substrate limitation and inhibited microbial growth at soil water freezing points compared to warmer temperatures. Nonlinear regression better modeled the initial rates and estimates of Q10 values for CO2 that showed higher sensitivity in the organic-rich soils of polygon center and trough than the relatively drier ridge soils. Methanogenesis generally exhibited a lag phase in the mineral soils that was significantly longer at 2 C in all horizons. Such discontinuity in CH4 production between 2 C and the elevated temperatures (+4 and +8 C) indicated the insufficient representation of methanogenesis on the basis of Q10 values estimated from both linear and nonlinear models. Production rates for both CH4 and CO2 were substantially higher in organic horizons (20% to 40% wt. C) at all temperatures relative to mineral horizons (<20% wt. C). Permafrost horizon (~12% wt. C) produced ~5-fold less CO2 than the active layer and negligible CH4. High concentrations of initial exchangeable Fe(II) and increasing accumulation rates signified the role of iron as terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic C degradation in the mineral horizons.

marine microbes are unable to make their own food; these heterotrophs sur- vive by absorbing organic are single-celled organisms that come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They have no clearly defined nucleus remaining unicellular organisms and all visible forms of life are termed Eukarya (or "Eukaryotes

,2 , David G. Foley1,7 1 Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai`i at Ma, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 7

per capita resource demands are directly responsible for escalating atmospheric CO2 buildup the planet and the level of human consumption of natural resources, both of which are increasing in most and consumption of natural resources are also root causes for increases in fishing (particularly of herbivores

undiscovered until Alexander Agassiz (1878) visited Alacran reef on the Campeche Shelf on the steamer "Blake. " Kornicker and his associates were next to investigate Alacran (Kornicker, Bonet, Cann, and Hoskin, 1959; Kornicker and Boyd, 1962). This group..., pg. 10) is longer than any list publi. shed to date for the Gulf of Mexico (Table 3). Personal ob- servations of the Arenas group on the Campeche Shelf have supplemented Busby (1965) so that, the number of species and varieties there (26...

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742Energy China U.S.ContaminationJulySavannah River Site for Use by the State ofDOE Oak Ridge

The mechanism of the reduction of U(VI) and Cr(VI) has now been studied in detail. Cr(VI) is reduced by one-electron transfer reactions to Cr(III), via a cell-bound Cr(V) intermediate identified by EPR spectroscopy. Studies with a cytochrome c7 mutant demonstrate that the electron transfer chain includes this protein which may be the terminal reductase for Cr(VI). Potential mechanisms of inhibition of Cr(III) precipitation, involving complex formation with organic acids commonly used as electron donors for metal reduction in the subsurface have also been identified. We have also initiated a collaboration with computational chemists led by Prof Ian Hillier in Manchester, to model metal binding to cytochrome c7, and subsequent electron transfer from the enzyme to the metal quantum mechanically.

. The thermoluminescence dates for the MM IB kiln 3 at Phaistos (late 19th century) and for the LM I kiln at Ayia Triada (ca. 1600) seem appropriate; Y. Liritzis and R. Thomas, "Palaeointensity and Thermoluminescence Measurements on Cretan Kilns from 1300-2000 BC," Na... in the number of potter's kilns discovered" increases the possibil- ity of constructing archaeomagnetic and palaeoin- tensity sequences, helping to refine thermolumines- cence dates and to establish the contemporaneity of separated archaeological...

Each year the Geothermal Technology Division of the US Department of Energy conducts an indepth review of its entire geothermal R and D program. The 2--3 day conference serves several purposes: a status report on current R and D activities, an assessment of progress and problems, a review of management issues, and a technology transfer opportunity between DOE and the US geothermal industry. This year's conference, Program Review 7, was held in San Francisco on March 21--23, 1989. As indicated by its title, ''DOE Research and Development for the Geothermal Marketplace'', Program Review 7 emphasized developing technologies, concepts, and innovations having potential for commercial application in the foreseeable future. Program Review 7 was comprised of eight sessions including an opening session and a special presentation on the ''Role of Geothermal Energy in Minimizing Global Environmental Problems.'' The five technical sessions covered GTD-sponsored R and D in the areas of hydrothermal (two sessions), hot dry rock, geopressured, and magma. Presentations were made by the relevant field researchers, and sessions were chaired by the appropriate DOE Operations Office Geothermal Program Manager. The technical papers and commentary of invited speakers contained in these Proceedings have been compiled in the order in which they were presented at Program Review 7.

Ashland Synthetic Fuels, Inc. (ASFI) and Airco Energy Company, Inc. (AECI) have recently formed the Breckinridge Project and are currently conducting a process and economic feasibility study of a commercial scale facility to produce synthetic liquid fuels from coal. The coal conversion process to be used is the H-COAL process, which is in the pilot plant testing stage under the auspices of the US Department of Energy at the H-COAL Pilot Plant Project near Catlettsburg, Kentucky. The preliminary plans for the commercial plant are for a 18,140 metric ton/day (24,000 ton/day) nominal coal assumption capacity utilizing the abundant high sulfur Western Kentucky coals. The Western Kentucky area offers a source of the coal along with adequate water, power, labor, transportation and other factors critical to the successful siting of a plant. Various studies by federal and state governments, as well as private industry, have reached similar conclusions regarding the suitability of such plant sites in western Kentucky. Of the many individual sites evaluated, a site in Breckinridge County, Kentucky, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) west of the town of Stephensport, has been identified as the plant location. Actions have been taken to obtain options to insure that this site will be available when needed. This report contains an overview of the regional setting and results of the baseline environmental studies. These studies include collection of data on ambient air and water quality, sound, aquatic and terrestrial biology and geology. This report contains the following chapters; introduction, review of significant findings, ambient air quality monitoring, sound, aquatic ecology, vegetation, wildlife, geology, soils, surface water, and ground water.

adaptation, thermochemical nonequilibrium. 1. Introduction The proper prediction of thermal and structural loads is crucial for the design of future space transportation systems. Especially the thermal of an incident shock wave which impinges on the bow shock in front of a blunt body. A supersonic jet forms

This report has been prepared in conjunction with an environmental baseline study for a commercial coal conversion facility being conducted by Ashland Synthetic Fuels, Inc. (ASFI) and Airco Energy Company (AECO). This report represents a cultural resource assessment for the proposed plant site and two potential solid waste disposal areas. This assessment presents data collected by Dames and Moore during a recent archaeological reconnaissance of the unsurveyed southeastern portion of the proposed plant site and two potential solid waste disposal areas. Also, results of two previous surveys on the northern and southwestern portion of the plant site for American Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO) and Kentucky Utilities are included. The Dames and Moore survey of the southeastern portion of the plant site identified one archaeological site, three standing structures and one historic cemetery. In addition 47 archaeological sites and six standing structures are known from two previous surveys of the remainder of the plant site (Cowan 1975 and Turnbow et al 1980). Eleven of the previously recorded archaeological sites were recommended for further assessment to evaluate their potential for inclusion within the Holt Bottoms Archaeological District currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places. None of the archaeological sites or standing structures located within the plant site during the Dames and Moore survey were recommended for further assessment. A total of eight archaeological sites were located during the Dames and Moore survey of the two potential solid waste disposal areas. Of this total only two sites were recommended for further assessment. Also, one previously unknown historic cemetry was located in the southernmost potential waste disposal area.

ANSI/ANS-8.1-1998;2007, Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Material Outside Reactors, and ANSI/ANS-8.24-2007, Validation of Neutron Transport Methods for Nuclear Criticality Safety Calculations, require validation of a computer code and the associated data through benchmark evaluations based on physical experiments. The performance of the code and data are validated by comparing the calculated and the benchmark results. A SCALE procedure has been established to generate a Verified, Archived Library of Inputs and Data (VALID). This procedure provides a framework for preparing, peer reviewing, and controlling models and data sets derived from benchmark definitions so that the models and data can be used with confidence. The procedure ensures that the models and data were correctly generated using appropriate references with documented checks and reviews. Configuration management is implemented to prevent inadvertent modification of the models and data or inclusion of models that have not been subjected to the rigorous review process. VALID entries for criticality safety are based on critical experiments documented in the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (IHECSBE). The findings of a criticality safety validation of SCALE 6.1 utilizing the benchmark models vetted in the VALID library at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are summarized here.

This draft has been scheduled for final review before the Directives Review Board on 07/17/14. All major comments and concerns should be provided to your DRB representative, following your organization process. If you do not know who your representative is, please see the list of DRB members. If your office is represented by Ingrid Kolb, Director, Office of Management, please submit your major concerns and comments to the DRB Liaison, Camille Beben (Camille.Beben@hq.doe.gov; 202-586-1014). All major comments and concerns should be submitted by COB 07/16/2014.

new modes of dealing with educational computer technology and new interactive modes for educational with the computer as a medium for presentation of new information, and second, as a utility to help with ancillary be used for Drill & Practice, tutorials, testing, information storage and retrieval, games, interactive

recommended "best practices" for good draw technique, and looked at a practice drill that might help you be used to practice the maximum recommended tip offset suggested in item 1. 3. Draw shot miscues are often

Methods used in the radial-velocity program of short-period binary systems at the David Dunlap Observatory are described with particular stress on the Broadening Function (BF) formalism. This formalism has permitted determination of radial velocities from complex spectra of multiple-component systems with component stars showing very different degree of rotational line broadening. The statistics of random errors of orbital parameters is discussed on the basis of the available orbital solutions presented in the six previous papers of the series, each with ten orbits. The difficult matter of systematic uncertainties in orbital parameters is illustrated for one typical case of GM Dra from the most recent Paper VI.

Drilling for oil on the North Slope of Alaska results in the release of large volumes of used drilling fluids into arctic wetlands. These releases usually come from regulated discharges or seepage from reserve pits constructed to hold used drilling fluids. A study of five drill sites and their reserve pits showed an increase in common and trace elements and organic hydrocarbons in ponds near to and distant from reserve pits. Ions elevated in water were Ba, Cl, Cr, K, SO4 and Zn. Concentrations of Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, and Si in sediments were higher in near and distant ponds than in control ponds. The predominant organics in drill-site waters and sediments consisted of aromatic and paraffinic hydrocarbons characteristic of petroleum or a refined product of petroleum. In 96-hr exposures in the field, toxicity to Daphnia Middendorffiana was observed in water from all reserve pits, and from two of five near ponds, but not from distant ponds. In laboratory tests with Daphnia magna, growth and reproduction were reduced in dilutions of 2.5% drilling fluid (2.5 drilling fluid: 97.5 dilution water) from one reserve pit, and 25% drilling fluid from a second.

with abiotic and biotic variables in a GIS, and analyzed the correlations with standard logistic regression and logistic regression in the hierarchical partitioning framework at multiple spatial resolutions. A biotic factor (proximity to previously existing...

with the physical environment. This dissertation employs a landscape ecology approach to examine the abiotic and biotic ecological mechanisms most important in controlling tree establishment at this ecotone. The study site is on the western slopes of Mount Rainier...

Northern ecosystems contain up to 455 Gt of C in the soil active layer and upper permafrost, which is equivalent to approximately 60% of the carbon currently in the atmosphere as CO{sub 2}. Much of this carbon is stored in the soil as dead organic matter. Its fate is subject to the net effects of global change on the plant and soil systems of northern ecosystems. The arctic alone contains about 60 Gt C, 90% of which is present in the soil active layer and upper permafrost, and is assumed to have been a sink for CO{sub 2} during the historic and recent geologic past. Depending on the nature, rate, and magnitude of global environmental change, the arctic may have a positive or negative feedback on global change. Results from the DOE- funded research efforts of 1990 and 1991 indicate that the arctic has become a source of CO{sub 2} to the atmosphere. Measurements made in the Barrow, Alaska region during 1992 support these results. This change coincides with recent climatic variation in the arctic, and suggests a positive feedback of arctic ecosystems on atmospheric CO{sub 2} and global change. There are obvious potential errors in scaling plot level measurements to landscape, mesoscale, and global spatial scales. In light of the results from the recent DOE-funded research, and the remaining uncertainties regarding the change in arctic ecosystem function due to high latitude warming, a revised set of research goals is proposed for the 1993--94 year. The research proposed in this application has four principal aspects: (A) Long- term response of arctic plants and ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2}. (B) Circumpolar patterns of net ecosystem CO{sub 2} flux. (C) In situ controls by temperature and moisture on net ecosystem CO{sub 2} flux. (D) Scaling of CO{sub 2} flux from plot, to landscape, to regional scales.

Northern ecosystems contain up to 455 Gt of C in the soil active layer and upper permafrost. The soil carbon in these layers is equivalent to approximately 60% of the carbon currently in the atmosphere as CO{sub 2}. Much of this carbon is stored in the soil as dead organic matter. Its fate is subject to the net effects of global change on the plant and soil systems of northern ecosystems. The arctic alone contains about 60 Gt C, 90% of which is present in the soil active layer and upper permafrost. The arctic is assumed to have been a sink for CO{sub 2} during the historic and recent geologic past. The arctic has the potential to be a very large, long-term source or sink of CO{sub 2} with respect to the atmosphere. In situ experimental manipulations of atmospheric CO{sub 2}, indicated that there is little effect of elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2} on leaf level photosynthesis or whole-ecosystem CO{sub 2} flux over the course of weeks to years, respectively. However, there may be longer- term ecosystem responses to elevated CO{sub 2} that could ultimately affect ecosystem CO{sub 2} balance. In addition to atmospheric CO{sub 2}, climate may affect net ecosystem carbon balance. Recent results indicate that the arctic has become a source of CO{sub 2} to the atmosphere. This change coincides with recent climatic variation in the arctic, and suggests a positive feedback of arctic ecosystems on atmospheric CO{sub 2} and global change. The research proposed in this application has four principal aspects: (A) Long-term response of arctic plants and ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO{sub 2}; (B) Circumpolar patterns of net ecosystem CO{sub 2} flux; (C) In situ controls by temperature and moisture on net ecosystem CO{sub 2} flux; (D) Scaling of CO{sub 2} flux from plot, to landscape, to regional scales (In conjunction with research proposed for NSF support).

[Abbreviated] We present the results of a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic follow-up survey of 182 M4-L7 low-mass stars and brown dwarfs (BDs) from the BANYAN All-Sky Survey (BASS) for candidate members of nearby, young moving groups (YMGs). We confirm signs of low-gravity for 42 new BD discoveries with estimated masses between 8-75 $M_{Jup}$ and identify previously unrecognized signs of low gravity for 24 known BDs. This allows us to refine the fraction of low-gravity dwarfs in the high-probability BASS sample to $\\sim$82%. We use this unique sample of 66 young BDs, supplemented with 22 young BDs from the literature, to construct new empirical NIR absolute magnitude and color sequences for low-gravity BDs. We obtain a spectroscopic confirmation of low-gravity for 2MASS J14252798-3650229, which is a new $\\sim$27 $M_{Jup}$, L4 $\\gamma$ bona fide member of AB Doradus. We identify a total of 19 new low-gravity candidate members of YMGs with estimated masses below 13 $M_{Jup}$, seven of which have kinematically ...

of California are based on 1990 Census data and adjustments to that data. The reader should note that the U in the preceding sections of this volume. Findings were: (1) Focused on population growth: · In 1990, Los Angeles provided by both agencies. Additionally, adjustments to State data in light of Census 2000 were

Exploration can be described as consisting of two components: finding something worth drilling and testing; and defining and constraining that system after it has been drilled and tested. To date, geothermal exploration in the United States has concentrated on the drilling and testing of rather obvious targets--places where steam and boiling water issue from the ground. Relatively little has been done in the exploration of concealed or blind systems, probably because there have been so many obvious targets. However, these largely have been drilled, tested and constrained by boundaries, and almost entirely are committed to development schemes. The need now is to develop an exploration methodology for the '90s and thereafter that will be effective in the search for blind geothermal systems. Such work is being done currently in Japan; my company was privileged to have served the New Energy Development Organization and the Electric Power Development Company, both Japanese government companies, in the design of a methodology to assess concealed heat sources in 4 different terrains: recent volcanic with abundant thermal manifestations; volcanic outflow; volcanic or non-volcanic with few surface manifestations; and non-volcanic with background-level heat flow. work was based on the application of existing exploration techniques. The Japanese agencies now are attempting to develop new techniques specifically for the task of applying the methodology. Two important observations can be made about this quest for a methodology to explore (and find) concealed geothermal systems: First, most geothermal systems are dominated by ground-water hydrology; and very little is done to systematically investigate or define the effects of hydrology. The Cascade ''rain curtain'' is an example of the importance of hydrologic effects in geothermal exploration. We at GeothermEx first encountered this effect in 1975-76, when we drilled a 2,000-foot-deep hole west of Klamath Lake for Weyerhauser Company. Very little has been done since then to utilize the knowledge of this ''rain curtain'' in exploration in the Cascades or elsewhere.

We report new distribution records for amphibians and reptiles from 20 localities within the northern Cordillera Mountain Range of Ilocos Norte Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Together with opportunistic collections of specimens from past...

Previously unknown carbonyl complexes were synthesized: C/sub 6/H/sub 6/Cr(CO)/sub 2/PFcPhH, C/sub 6/H/sub 6/Cr(CO)/sub 2/PFc/sub 2/H, C/sub 5/H/sub 5/Mn(CO)/sub 2/PFcPhH, C/sub 5/H/sub 5/Mn(CO)/sub 2/PFc/sub 2/H, and M(CO)/sub 5/PFc/sub 2/H (M = Cr, Mo, W). The ligands PFcPhH and PFc/sub 2/H have weaker electron-donor properties than the ligand PFc/sub 3/ in analogous systems. Under the conditions of isotopic exchange of hydrogen in CF/sub 3/COOH there occurs the protonation of C/sub 6/H/sub 6/Cr(CO)/sub 2/PFcH on the chromium atom. For the complex C/sub 6/H/sub 6/Cr(CO)/sub 2/PFc/sub 2/H it was found that, in the reaction of the isotopic exchange of hydrogen, hydrogens of both the ..pi..-benzene ring and the ..pi..-cyclopentadienyl rings of the phosphine ligand take part, and, moreover, at equal rates. By the method of the isotopic exchange of hydrogen and by spectral methods (IR and PMR) it was shown that the nature of the central metal atom in the complexes M(CO)/sub 5/PFc/sub 2/H, in which M = Cr, Mo, W, has no substantial influence on the spectral characteristics and on the reactivities of these complexes.

We have measured the absolute proper motions of globular clusters NGC 6397, NGC 6626 (M22), and NGC 6656 (M28) as part of our ongoing Southern Proper-Motion Program. The reference system is the ICRS via Hipparcos stars for these three low-Galactic-latitude clusters. Formal errors range between {approx}0.3 and 0.7 mas yr{sup -1}. Notable is the result for NGC 6397, which differs by 2.5 mas yr{sup -1} from two Hubble Space Telescope determinations while agreeing with previous ground-based ones. We determine orbits for all three clusters in an axisymmetric and barred model of the Galaxy and discuss these in the context of globular-cluster formation. M22 is a well-known cluster with an iron abundance spread; such clusters are now believed to have formed in massive parent systems that can retain ejecta of core-collapsed supernovae. We find that the five currently accepted globular clusters with iron/calcium abundance spread show orbits unrelated to each other, thus suggesting at least five independent, massive progenitors that have contributed to the build-up of the Milky-Way halo.

which facilitates analysis of the incidence of an economywide capandtrade system for carbon dioxide (CO2) at the state level. An understanding of the geographic incidence of climate change mitigation are geographically localized. The upshot is a classic collective action problem. The issue of distribution has long

to use foraminifers for correlation and environmental interpretation in the exploration for oil and gas, and as a result, hundreds of previously un- described speci es were named. When Cushman proposed his first classification in 1927, the order... sediment samples collected off the southern coast of Puerto Rico. 10 Lidz and Lidz (1966) examined sediment samples collect, ed among the Veracruz reefs, and Dav1s (1964) and Logan (1969) reported on the faunas near the Campeche reefs. The Campeche...

in the main Hawaiian Islands is suffi cient to support the local industry, but cost/ benefits of selective was harvested in the Makapuu Bed by domestic vessels utilizing tangle net dredges (dredges consisting of heavy

, mining, overuse of agrochemicals, industrial waste, ports, and refineries) may have affected the entire practices, topsoil erosion, and runoff with excesses of fertilizers and agrochemicals (Guzmaan and Jimeneez

This design project was an experimental case study to establish a viable, reduced-size typological alternative for single-family housing as a potential vehicle for the densification of the urban suburbs. Through demographic ...

In the last two decades, genetic and genomic studies have revealed the astonishing diversity and ubiquity of microorganisms. Emergence and expansion of the human microbiome project has reshaped our thinking about how ...

A comprehensive theory explaining the relationship between periodic variations in the Earths orbital parameters and the response of the climate system remains elusive. One of the key challenges is that of the Mid-Pleistocene ...

Predicting the response of net community calcification (NCC) to ocean acidification OA and declining aragonite saturation state [Omega]a requires a thorough understanding of controls on NCC. The diurnal control of light ...