Conflicting Viewpoints

Science is a social process- in the absence of definitive data,
different scientists can construct alternative hypotheses and
reach conflicting conclusions about the causes and implications of
natural phenomena. On this question type, you're given two or three
short passages that describe conflicting scientific viewpoints on
a specific issue (once again, drawn from high school level biology, physics,
chemistry, and earth/space science).

You'll be asked to compare the different viewpoints and understand how
each one tries to account for the available data. Some questions ask
you to describe how someone holding one viewpoint might criticize
another viewpoint, or what predictions the contending theories
would make about a new experiment.