1980s

1981

Roger W. Sperry, for his discoveries concerning the functional specialisation of the cerebral hemispheres.
David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel - describe the processing of visual information by the brain.

1960s

1967

Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye.

1963

Sir John Carew Eccles, Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley - for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane.

1961

Georg von Bekesy - for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea.

1940s

1949

Walter Rudolf Hess - for his discovery of the functional organisation of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs.
Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz - for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses.