Rabu, 14 November 2012

An idiom
is a word or phrase which means something different from what it says - it is usually
a metaphor.Idioms are common phrases or terms whose meaning is
not real, but can be understood by their popular use.

Because
idioms can mean something different from what the words mean it is difficult
for someone not very good at speaking the language to use them properly. Some
idioms are only used by some groups of people or at certain times. The idiom shape
up or ship out, which is like saying improve your behavior or leave if
you don't, might be said by an employer or supervisor to an employee, but
not to other people.

Idioms are
not the same thing as slang. Idioms are made of normal words that have a
special meaning known by almost everyone. Slang is usually special words that
are known only by a particular group.

To learn a
language a person needs to learn the words in that language, and how and when
to use them. But people also need to learn idioms separately because certain
words together or at certain times can have different meanings. In order to
understand an idiom, one sometimes needs to know the culture the idiom comes
from.

To know the
history of an idiom can be useful and interesting, but is not necessary to be
able to use the idiom properly. For example most native British English
speakers know that "No room to swing a cat" means "there was not
a lot of space" and can use the idiom properly, but few know it is because
200 years ago sailors were punished by being whipped with a whip called a
"cat o'nine tails".[source?] A big space
was cleared on the ship so that the person doing the whipping had a lot of room
to swing the cat.

A better
understanding of an idiom is that it is a phrase whose meaning cannot be
understood from the dictionary definitions of each word taken separately.

Definition: As used in this site, "idiom" most often refers to a phrase or
expression that cannot be understood by knowing what the individual words in
the phrase mean. For example, "to roll out the red carpet" is to
extravagantly welcome a guest; no red carpet is needed. The phrase is
misunderstood when interpreted in a literal fashion. An example of a Spanish
idiom is "no está el horno para bollos, which literally means
"the oven isn't ready for bread rolls." The phrase generally means
"the time isn't right." Although most idiomatic phrases are of
primarily colloquial usage, there are many that are acceptable in standard
speech and writing.

Another meaning for "idiom" is a specialized
language or a distinctive pattern in the usage of a language. As such, it can
refer to the way a language is used in a given region; in such usage, an idiom
usually isn't seen as distinctly different as a dialect is, although sometimes
"idiom" and "dialect" are used interchangeably. An idiom
can similarly refer to the language patterns used within a certain profession
or other subgroup. For example, it might be said that college students have
their own idiom.

Functions of
Idioms

http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/idiomterm.htm

"People use idioms to make their language richer and more colorful
and to convey subtle shades of meaning or intention. Idioms are used often to
replace a literal word or expression, and many times the idiom better describes
the full nuance of meaning. Idioms and idiomatic expressions can be more
precise than the literal words, often using fewer words but saying more. For
example, the expression it runs in the family is shorter and more succinct
than saying that a physical or personality trait 'is fairly common throughout
one's extended family and over a number of generations.'"
(Gail Brenner, Webster's New World American Idioms Handbook. Webster's
New World, 2003)

SWEARING WORDS

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/swearing

Purpose

1. To make a solemn declaration, invoking a deity or a sacred person or thing,
in confirmation of and witness to the honesty or truth of such a declaration.

2. To make a solemn promise; vow.

3. To use profane oaths; curse.

4. Law To give evidence or testimony under oath.

v.tr.

1. To declare or
affirm solemnly by invoking a deity or a sacred person or thing.

2. To promise or
pledge with a solemn oath; vow: He swore his oath of allegiance to the queen.
See Synonyms at promise.

3. To utter or
bind oneself to (an oath).

4. Law To administer
a legal oath to: All the witnesses have been sworn.

How to Use Swear Words in English

Are you scared of swear words? Are you unsure of when to use them? It’s good
to be cautious, because it’s delicate.
Swear words can be one of the most difficult parts of a language to master,
as you have to be careful when practicing them. Some people may get really
offended by their use.
But even if you don’t want to use swear words, you still need to understand
them as they are quite common in the English language. You may not say them,
but you still want to understand what’s going on during TV, a movie, a book, a
conversation or any other type of English you may be trying to understand.

Why Use Swear Words?

Swear words, love them or hate them, are an integral part of a language. To
master fluency, you must master swear words. But why do people use them? What’s
the point?
When you use swear words, they allow you to convey emotion that would
otherwise not be as easy to communicate. Swear words increase your vocabulary
and give you a wider range of emotions to invoke than if you didn’t use any.
Some swear words are extremely versatile and can be used in many different
ways. When you begin to overcome your negative gut-reaction, you may start to
see the beauty in all of these amazing swear words.
Of course, it’s important not to overuse swear words, just like you wouldn’t
want to overuse any word. However, because some swear words are so
interchangeable, it can become easy to just rely on a few swear words as the
majority of your vocabulary.
The most important lesson to take home from swear words is to just notice
how they make you react and ask yourself why these feelings arise inside you.
Below is a list of the nine most common swear words in English with the many
different ways in which they are used.
It’s important that when you practice swear words that you do it with close
friends who can help guide you towards the proper time and place to use them.
But when in doubt, use them with people who are near your age.

Translating Swear Words

It’s almost impossible to translate swear words, because they are so
colloquial and unique to the culture. However, we will do our best to help you
understand the words in relation to Portuguese. If you have any suggestions or
better translations please feel free to let us know in the comments!

DAMN

Definition

A light
swear word, can be said on TV and radio. Damn means to condemn (a person) to
suffer eternal punishment in hell, but is more commonly used when expressing
surprise or disgust.

PG version –
darn (droga)

Different
Uses

To express
pain or being upset or mad.

“God dammit / damn / dammit”
(Que bosta)

To express
that you are upset with another person.

“Hey man, I lost your phone.”
“Damn you (to hell!)“

Expression
of awe or wonder.

‘Woah, check out the sunrise.”
“Daaaaamn.”
(Porra)

Expression
of dismay or disappointment.

“I can’t find my keys.”
“Damn….”
(Porra)

To express
how little you care.

“Hey, what do you want for
dinner?”
“I don’t give a damn.”
(eu estou nem aí!)

NOTE: Don’t
confuse damn, with dam. Dam, without the “n” (though it is pronounced the
same), is a barrier constructed to hold water back and raise its level, the
resulting reservoir being used in the generation of electricity or water
supply.

HELL

Definition

Another
light swear word, can be said on TV. Hell is a spiritual realm of evil and
suffering, often described as a place of perpetual fire beneath the earth where
the evil people go to be punished after death.

PG version –
heck

Different
Uses

To express
how unlikely it is for an event to occur.

“Hey man, do you think Julia
will go out with me?”
“Yeah, when Hell freezes over.” or “You got a snowball’s chance
in Hell.”

Expression
of anger.

“I want to break up with you.”
“Go to Hell!”
(vai pro inferno)

It’s not
important.

“I can’t find a condom”
“To hell with it!”
(azar!)

Used as
emphasis for yes/no questions.

“Do you want to come to the
Real Life Yoga on Sunday at 2pm at Praça Floriano Peixoto?
“Hell yeah!”

Cock can
also be mean a male chicken (rooster), though it it’s not as common to use it
this way. The most common use of cock for rooster is where two roosters fight
each other, called cock fights.

Dick can be
used to mean penis too, but it’s also short for the name Richard. I have no
idea how they got that..

PG version –
penis

Different
Uses

To deny
someone an opportunity to hook up with a girl.

“Dude, that girl just grabbed
her friend and took her away from.”
“What a cock block.”
(empata foda)

A mean or
selfish person.

“That dick took up two parking
spots.”

SHIT

Definition

A vulgar
word for fecal matter.

PG version –
poop

Different
Uses

Can mean
horrible or great.

“That movie was shit!”
(uma bosta) and “that movie was the shit!” are opposites. When “the”
is added into the front of “shit,” it becomes really good, the best of the
best. Note that there is an emphasis on THE in “the shit.”

Vulgar words
for vagina. Cunt is a derogatory term for a woman, considered by many Americans
to be the most offensive word in the English language—not the case for
Australians, they frequently use the term. Pussy can also be used when talking
about a “pussy cat.”

PG version –
vagina

Different
Uses

“What a
pussy.” – means you are afraid, “what a chicken” has the same meaning without
being vulgar.

Conclusion

Swear words can be fun, and funny, when used in the right context. Just be
sensitive to the people around you when you say these words. And remember to
practice with your friends to find out exactly how to use the different words.
Okay mother fucker?? Let us know what you think, and how we are doing with our
Portuguese translation of these delicate, hard to translate words.

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siapa saya?

Luki Puspita Sari was born in Sukoharjo Indonesia, at march 15th 1993.
the first education in State Elmentary School Palur 03.
then, State Junior High School 2 Mojolaban.
and the last graduated from State Vocational High School 7 Surakarta.
and now, she is studying in State Islamic Institute in English Program Study.