The selective resonant tunneling model [1] has been successful in
describing 6 major
fusion cross-section data (d+T, d+D, d+He3, t+T, t+He3, p+D). The
new formula
needs only 3 parameters; however, it gives much better results
than what were given by
the 5-parameter formula in NRL Plasma Formulary. It provides an
opportunity to find
the resonance energy level which is necessary to explain the
Condensed Matter
Nuclear Phenomena in metal-hydrides. The proton-lithium fusion
data, the
astrophysical S-factor data, the K-electron capture data of
beryllium, and the
anomalous ratio of the isotope abundance of lithium in
palladium-hydride (7Li/6Li)
will be presented as an example for this justification. Thus,
selective resonant
tunneling model explains not only the 3 puzzles in Condensed
Matter Nuclear Science
(i.e. tunneling the Coulomb barrier, excess heat without
commensurate neutron
radiation, and the missing gamma radiation), but also 7 sets of
hot fusion data. It
predicts that there must be neutrino radiation accompanied with
Condensed Matter
Nuclear Phenomena in metal-hydrides.
\\[4pt]
[1] Xing Z. Li, et al., Nucl. Fusion 48 125003 (2008). [Preview Abstract]

An epitaxial mating of a metal layer to a chemically stable ionic
crystal minimizes
system energy for cold fusion based on Bloch function symmetry
and using gas
loading and nm-Pd at a favored interface.[1] To achieve epitaxy
second and third
metal layers need to have imperfections. One thinks of the stable
ionic crystal as a
template and the nano-Pd solid as a malleable lattice. The
interior volume of the
nano-Pd solid has a face-centered cubic structure. ZrO2 was the
template ionic crystal
used in A-Z gas loading studies at elevated T in (2005). A
template crystal using the
sapphire crystal equivalent of a double-layer graphene crystal is
suggested. Impurity
Rh and Ru are suggested as impurity atoms in the nano-metal (as
in gem-quality
Zircon) and a amall amount of interstitial H in addition to
dominant D as involved in
diffusion. Ref. [1] ``Interface Modeling of Cold Fusion,''
Talbot A. Chubb, Proc. ICCF14,
Book 2, pp 534-539 (2008). [Preview Abstract]

The history of cold fusion shows that the MIT heat conduction
calorimetry in 1990
reported a sensitivity of 40 mW while the Fleischmann-Pons
Dewar calorimetry
achieved a sensitivity of 0.1 mW. Additional information about
the MIT calorimetry
allows a more detailed analysis. The major finding is that the
MIT calorimetric cell was
so well insulated with glass wool (2.5 cm in thickness) that the
major heat transport
pathway was out of the cell top rather than from the cell into
the constant temperature
water bath. It can be shown for the MIT calorimeter that 58\% of
the heat transport was
through the cell top and 42\% was from the cell into the water
bath. Analysis of the
Fleischmann-Pons Dewar cell shows that under conditions similar
to the MIT
experiments, almost all of the heat flow would be from the Dewar
calorimetric cell to
the constant temperature water bath. Furthermore, the
sensitivity of the Fleischmann-
Pons temperature measurements was 0.001 K versus 0.1 K for the
MIT calorimetric
cell. Evaluations of the calorimetric equations and data analysis
methods leads to the
conclusion that the Fleischmann-Pons calorimetry was far
superior to that of MIT. [Preview Abstract]

Energy gain is defined as the energy realized from reactions
divided by the energy
required to produce those reactions. Low Energy Nuclear
Reactions (LENR) have
already been measured to significantly exceed the energy gain of
10 projected from
ITER,possibly 15 years from now. Electrochemical experiments
using the Pd-D system
have shown energy gains exceeding 10. Gas phase experiments with
the Ni-H system
were reported to yield energy gains of over 100. Neither of
these reports has been
adequately verified or reproduced. However, the question in the
title still deserves
consideration. If, as thought by many, it is possible to trigger
nuclear reactions that
yield MeV energies with chemical energies of the order of eV,
then the most optimistic
expectation is that LENR gains could approach one million.
Hence, the very tentative
answer to the question above is yes. However, if LENR could be
initiated with some
energy cost, and then continue to ``burn,'' very high energy gains
might be realized.
Consider a match and a pile of dry logs. The phenomenon termed
``heat after death''
will be examined to see if it might be the initial evidence for
nuclear ``burning.'' [Preview Abstract]

An early derivative experiment of the original Fleischman-Pons
electrochemical
experiment [1-3] was that of Szpak et al [4-5]. Szpak et al.
chose to electro-
deposit bulk metal palladium on a conductive metal substrate from
a deuterium
oxide (D2O) solution of a Pd salt, as opposed to electrolytically
loading a bulk Pd
cathode in a D2O solution. Recent work, by Boss et al [6] has
concentrated on
using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD, specifically
CR-39) to search for
evidence of nuclear particles. In most of these experiments the
CR-39 was
immersed in the electrolyte, which makes the interpretation of
the tracks potentially
ambiguous because of the possibility of chemical damage.
However, different
interpretations of results presented have concluded that the data
argue for the
generation of alpha particles, protons, and/or neutrons. We have
chosen to
reproduce one version of these recent experiments using CR-39
immersed and
separated from the electrolyte with a 6 $\mu$m thick piece of
Mylar$^{\textregistered}$ film. A 60 $\mu$m
thick piece of polyethylene, used as a protective cover during
handling, was
occasionally allowed to remain on the film to facilitate
thermalization of possible
product neutrons. 1. Fleischmann, M., S. Pons, and M. Hawkins,
``Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium''. J.
Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 261, 301 [Preview Abstract]

During the last two years I have been working on BEC cluster densities deposited just
under the surface of wires, using cavitation, and other techniques. If I get the
concentration high enough before the clusters dissipate, in addition to cold fusion
related excess heat (and other effects, including helium-4 formation) I anticipate that
it may be possible to initiate transient forms of superconductivity at room
temperature. [Preview Abstract]

My working hypothesis of the conditions required to observe low
energy nuclear
reactions ( LENR ) follows:
1) High fluxes of deuterium atoms through interfaces of
grains of metals that
readily accommodate movement of hydrogen atoms interstitially is
the driving
variable that produces the widely observed episodes of excess
heat above the total
of all input energy.
2) This deuterium atom flux has been most often achieved at
high
electrochemical current densities on highly deuterium-loaded
palladium cathodes
but is clearly possible in other experimental arrangements in
which the metal is
interfacing gaseous deuterium, as in an electrical glow discharge.
3) Since the excess heat episodes must be producing the
product(s) of some
nuclear fusion reaction(s) screening of options may be easier
with measurement of
those ``ashes'' than the observance of the excess heat.
4) All but a few of the exothermic fusion reactions known
among the first 5
elements produce He-4. Hence helium-4 appearance in an experiment
may be the
most efficient indicator of some fusion reaction without
commitment on which
reaction is occurring.
This set of hypotheses led me to produce a series of sealed tubes
of wire electrodes
of metals known to absorb hydrogen and operate them for $>$100
days at the $ [Preview Abstract]

In 1989, when Fleischmann and Pons (FP) claimed they had created
room temperature,
nuclear fusion in a solid, a firestorm of controversy erupted.
Beginning in 1991, the
Office of Naval Research began a decade-long study of the FP
excess heat effect. This
effort documented the fact that the excess heat that FP observed
is the result of a form
of nuclear fusion that can occur in solids at reduced
temperature, dynamically,
through a deuteron (d)+d?helium-4 reaction, without high-energy
particles or ? rays.
This fact has been confirmed at SRI and at a number of other
laboratories (most
notably in the laboratory of Y. Arata, located at Osaka
University, Japan). A key reason
this fact has not been accepted is the lack of a cogent argument,
based on
fundamental physical ideas, justifying it. In the paper, this
question is re-examined,
based on a generalization of conventional energy band theory that
applies to finite,
periodic solids, in which d's are allowed to occupy wave-like,
ion band states, similar
to the kinds of states that electrons occupy in ordinary metals.
Prior to being
experimentally observed, the Ion Band State Theory of cold fusion
predicted a
potential d+d?helium-4 reaction, without high energy particles,
would explain the
excess heat, the helium-4 would be found in an unexpected place
(outside heat-
producing electrodes), and high-loading, x?1, in PdDx, would be
required. [Preview Abstract]

The hydrogen region of nanostructured Pd in the cyclic
voltammetry in 1 M H2SO4 was
more resolved than that of plain Pd because of the thin walls of
the nanostructure and
the high surface area. We could distinguish the hydrogen
adsorption and absorption
processes. The permeation of hydrogen into the Pd metal lattice
occurs with fast
kinetics when the Pd surface is blocked by either crystal violet
or Pt. We believe that
the hydrogen absorption process takes place without passing
through the adsorbed
state so that hydrogen diffuses directly into the Pd bulk. This
process speeds up when
the formation of adsorbed hydrogen is suppressed by the coverage
of poisons. These
results were compared to those obtained in a heavy water solution
to which the Pd
electrode was exposed. Adsorption characteristics of deuterium on
the Pd metal
surface are slightly different to those obtained for hydrogen in
previous studies.
Diffusion of deuterium into the Pd metal lattice works with fast
kinetics under
appropriate surface modification.
We are also interested in studying the Pd structure before and
after long term
electrolysis in light and heavy water using electron probe
micronanalysis (EPMA) with a
energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS)
[Preview Abstract]