Reverse Mortgages: Customers Have Little to Fear as Wells Fargo and Bank of America, Two Biggest Players, Exit Business

Wells Fargo has reversed itself on reverse mortgages. The bank, one of two biggest providers of such loans (along with Bank of America), said last week it would be exiting the business, although jittery customers apparently have little to fear.

Bank of America previously announced its own departure earlier this year. The two accounted for more than 40 percent of all such loans, according to Reverse Market Insight, which aggregates and analyzes industry data.

News that the two biggest players have turned their backs has left some elderly borrowers, who depend on reverse mortgages to fund retirements costs and pay medical bills, surprised and concerned.
"I'm in shock," said a retired California dentist, 83, asked for anonymity.

The man took out a Bank of America reverse mortgage two years ago on his Sausalito home. He uses the $5,500 a month he gets from it to pay medical expenses for his wife, who suffers from Alzheimer's and needs full-time care.

"It's not anything I've heard of," he said of Bank of America's decision. "I haven't been notified. I presume people who have mortgages are still going to have them honored? I certainly plan to call the young lady who negotiated my loan and ask her what's going on."

Both banks say holders of existing loans can rest easy. While they will not originate any new reverse mortgages, they will continue to honor and service their existing ones.

Greg Gwizdz, Wells Fargo's national sales manager, reassured borrowers. "We will continue to service all of our portfolio," he said in a phone interview. "Don't expect any changes in terms."

He expects any slack created by his bank's and Bank of America's exits to be taken up by other lenders.

John Lunde, president of Reverse Market Insight, agreed with that prediction. Moreover, he says, people who might need such a loan in the future should have no trouble finding one. "These products will continue to play a role for the foreseeable future."

The providers of reverse mortgages, though, might change. "Maybe you won't find them offered by the institution where you do your checking. It may not be a big bank but an insurance company like MetLife, or some smaller, independent specialist."

Reverse mortgages, officially called Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECMs), were created by the Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1987 to benefit home owners aged 62 or older. Federally insured, they make it possible for owners to borrow against their equity after first having received counseling on their obligations and their alternatives.

The loan is repaid after the owner dies, leaves the home or it is sold.

There's also a list of HUD-approved providers of counseling for people wondering if a reverse mortgage is right for them, including GreenPath Debt Solutions.

Elaine Bloom of Lawrence, Mich., calls her reverse mortgage a godsend. She and her husband, she says, "got a good rate. It's specified in our contract how much it can rise and how often. It's very controlled. I'm sure that's not appealing to most banks."

She professes sympathy for Wells Fargo and Bank of America. "It's too bad they're getting out, but I guess I understand why: Banks are in business to make money. I suspect the reason these two got out is it's too government-controlled; they can't make the money they'd like to."

Some Banks Fear Borrower Credibility

She's right. Wells, in a news release, cited two reasons for getting out: The unpredictability of today's home values. And, second, HUD restrictions "that make it difficult to determine seniors' abilities to meet the obligations of homeownership and their reverse mortgage" -- for example, their ability to pay property taxes and homeowners' insurance.

Regulations prevent lenders from obtaining financial information that would answer those questions about applicants.

Although lenders have long sought from HUD greater freedom to obtain financial information on borrowers, those efforts have not borne enough fruit soon enough to keep Wells Fargo and Bank of America in the game.

Gwizdz of Wells Fargo says having such information would make reverse mortgages "a safer product" for lenders. As it is, however, "If you're not able to verify the information, a senior may have no money in the bank and no ability to pay home owners insurance or taxes or to maintain the property. So, the lender is at risk from day one."

If property values fall and unpaid fees accumulate, the amount owed can soon exceed the value of the property.

It's a recipe for foreclosure, says Lunde of Reverse Market Insight, an outcome that "doesn't do the lender or the borrower any favor. Nobody wants a loan that winds up in foreclosure."

Mandatory pre-loan counseling is supposed to protect borrowers from that outcome by forcing them to consider solutions to their money needs other than a reverse mortgage. Somebody who needs money to fix up their home, say, might be better off finding a federal or state program that makes home-improvement loans.

The counseling system, however, isn't fool-proof. The 83-year old Sausalito dentist, for example, based his decision to get a reverse mortgage on conversations he had with friends who already had them. He can't now remember, he says, if he got the required counseling.

Bloom says she and her husband took out their loan in December and are using it to make enhancements -- "little fix-it things" -- that they hope will make their home easier to sell. "We're optimistic. The market here right now is picking up," she said. "Our goal is to list the house in the first part of July."

If it sells, they'll use the proceeds to pay off the mortgage, then kick up their heels and look to greener pastures. "We'll move to somewhere warm," she said, "where my husband can play golf."