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Phnom Penh: Mohammed Ibrahim took time off selling warm roti on the crowded streets of the Cambodian capital to greet a fellow Rohingya man who was arriving in the country under Australia's controversial $55 million agreement to resettle refugees from Nauru.

Phnom Penh. Cambodia is still a poor country. Photo: AP

Mr Ibrahim felt empathy for the single man in his early 20s who had decided to abandon hopes of reaching Australia to take a one-way ticket to one of the world's poorest nations.

"I want to help him ... life is very difficult for us here," he said, as he waited at the gate of Phnom Penh's airport on a stifling hot morning in June.

But the man and three other Iranian refugees – the first and only group so far to arrive from Nauru – were whisked past him in a van and taken to a luxury villa in a Phnom Penh suburb.

Over the following weeks 32-year-old Mr Ibrahim made repeated attempts to contact the newly arrived Rohingya, including asking the Australian embassy to arrange a meeting, but was blocked each time.

Mr Ibrahim says he became increasingly worried that something was amiss, amid reports the man was unhappy living in Phnom Penh, despite being showered with Australian taxpayer-provided benefits, and wanted to return to Myanmar.

"I couldn't work out why he wouldn't want to meet other Rohingya here," he says.

"It took me a long time to realise the truth."

Fairfax Media can reveal that the refugee was wrongly assessed as a Rohingya fleeing persecution in Myanmar, as Australian immigration officials on Nauru were trying to convince hundreds of other refugees and asylum seekers on the Pacific island to take up the Cambodian offer.

Under the agreement Cambodia has agreed to accept only people assessed as refugees fleeing persecution in their home countries.

The so-called "Rohingya" man left Cambodia in mid-October after his father had flown to Phnom Penh to back his son's new claim that he was not a Rohingya, but in fact a Burmese Muslim.

Myanmar's government does not recognise Rohingya, claiming they are illegal migrants from Bangladesh, despite hundreds of thousands of them having lived in the country's western Rakhine state for centuries.