Our Wisdom

Tree of the MonthHawthorne • Crataegus sp.

by Gilbert A SmithISA Certified Master Arborist

Thirty five years ago this month Lesley, my pretty young bride, stepped out from behind a Hawthorn and right there we were married in the middle of a grove of Downey Hawthorns in full flower. Every year when the Downeys dress up in their creamy, white clusters of daisy like flowers, we remember that happy day. If you were to pin me down I might say that the Downey Hawthorn is my favorite tree.

Here are the other reasons I like it...

Its a tough, thorny, native, prairie tree, one of the few that could stand up to the harsh conditions northern Illinois threw at it, like fires, and still ably compete with the mighty prairie. I love the horizontal branches seeming to defy gravity as they gently arch almost to the ground. The sinewy trunk speaks of graceful aging, as each year older it looks more lovely. There are specimens that continue to live at the Morton Arboretum that pre-date the Arboretum itself perhaps older than 200 years.

The birds love them because of the thorny protection from predators and the berries that last into the winter. Native Americans used the fruit, leaves, and roots for heart and circulation problems. So also did the Greeks, and the Chinese as early as the year 659. Currently European physicians prescribe Hawthorn preparations for the treatment of early stages of heart failure.*

Beautiful in the summer as well as the winter, don’t let a few thorns point you away from the Hawthorn.

Bronze Birch Borer: Who is the bad guy, the Birch Borer, or the Birch Planter?

Backyard Wisdom by Gilbert A SmithISA Certified Master Arborist

Birches

Birch tree infested with Bronze Birch Borer exhibiting the classic D-shaped exit holes.When I see Birches bend left to right

Across the lines of straighter darker trees,I like to think some boy’s been swinging them.But swinging doesn’t bend them down to stayAs ice storms do. Often you must have seen themLoaded with ice a sunny winter morningAfter a rain. They click upon themselvesAs the breeze rises, and turn many-coloredAs the stir cracks and crazes their enamelSoon the sun’s warmth makes them shed crystal shellsShattering and avalanching on the snow-crust-Such heaps of broken glass to sweep awayYou’d think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load,And they seem not to break; though once they are bowedSo low for so long, they never right themselves:You may see their trunks arching in the woodsYears afterwards, trailing their leaves on the groundLike girls in hands and knees that throw their hairBefore them over their heads to dry in the sun.But I was going to say when Truth broke inWith all her matter-of-fact about the ice stormI should prefer to have some boy bend themAs he went out and in to fetch the cows-Some boy too far from town to learn baseball,Whose only play was what he found himself,Summer or winter, and could play alone.One by one he subdued his father’s treesBy riding them down over and over againUntil he took the stiffness out of them,And not one but hung limp, not one was leftFor him to conquer. He learned all there wasTo learn about not launching out too soonAnd so not carrying the tree awayClear to the ground. He always kept his poiseTo the top branches, climbing carefullyWith the same pains you use to fill a cupUp to the brim, and even above the brim.Then he flung outward, feet first, with a swish,Kicking his way down through the air to the ground.So was I once myself a swinger of birchesAnd so I dream of going back to beIt’s when I’m weary of considerations,And life is too much like a pathless woodWhere your face burns and tickles with the cobwebsBroken across it and one eye is weepingFrom a twig’s having lashed across it open.I’d like to get away from earth awhileAnd then come back to it and begin over.May no fate willfully misunderstand meAnd half grant what I wish and snatch me awayNot to return. Earth’s the right place for love:I don’t know where it’s likely to go better.I’d like to go by climbing a birch tree,And climb black branches up a snow-white trunkToward heaven, till the tree could bear no more,But dipped it’s top and set me down again.That would be good both going and coming back.One could do worse than be a swinger of birches. - Robert Frost

In Concord Massachusetts around Walden Pond the famous White Birch trees are dying. They are dying in Door County, Wisconsin where they are native and in the Chicago area where they are not native. If you Google it you will learn that the culprit killing our birches is the Bronze Birch Borer and the remedy is to kill the borer. Most people assume that the Birch Borer is an invader with no natural predators like the Emerald Ash Borer and that the only options are to give up on growing our beloved White Birch, or to pour on the pesticides. Don’t worry, there are other options.

So let me tell you a story about White Birches. They are, like our European ancestors, a pioneer species. They grow on the edges of the forest and they are the first to colonize burnt or logged out areas. A fast growing and relatively fast dying tree, in a sense Birch prepare the way for the slower growing, climax forest. That’s their job. They live about 100 years.

Coincidentally about 140 years ago we stopped using trees as our primary fuel source and so stopped creating massive empty spaces for the Birch to colonize. Today, the lovely stands of White Birch that Robert Frost was familiar with are old,weak and it is time for Maple and Beech to succeed them. Nature efficiently recycles everything and in this case the Bronze Birch Borer is the good agent of change. The female Borer beetle flies around avoiding healthy Birch trees and laying her eggs only on failing birches. She knows that her eggs will not survive in a healthy Birch so she doesn’t bother. To us, however it appears that the borer is killing the lovely stands of Birch in New England when what we’re seeing is just a normal, natural, healthy life cycle.

Travel 1000 miles west to our Prairie State and you will also observe dying, borer infested, White Birch. In this place the Birch are not weakened by normal aging but by being planted in heavy clay soil. They don’t like it. But we love them, and so we blame the poor Birch borer. Or we plant borer resistant River Birch or hybrid Birch. Neither of these like our alkaline, poorly drained, heavy, clay soil either and...its just not the same as a delicate Paper Bark Birch. I ask you, who is the bad guy, the borer or the one who plants the Birch?

But we just can’t help ourselves! We want, like Robert Frost, to imagine being “swingers of birches.” So what do we do? Here’s the secret that surprisingly most of the landscapers don’t know. These are the Morton Arboretum’s recommendations for non-chemical control of Bronze Birch Borer.

Enjoy your White Birch while it lasts which may be 50 years and then thank it and let it go.

Lichen, Should We Like it or Not?

Mother Nature's Momentby Lesley Bruce Smith ISA Certified Arborist

Several different species of lichen on a tree trunk. photos by: Lesley Bruce Smith

We so often get asked questions about the “green fungus thing” growing on trees, usually with concern that something is wrong with the tree. This is not just a fungus, but actually a unique composite organism of both fungus and a photosynthetic partner of algae. The fungus actually surrounds the algal cells and the resulting organism becomes much different than either the fungus or the algae separately. It is a pioneer “plant like” species called lichen that can grow on rocks, sterile soil, sand and tree bark. It is an important nitrogen fixer that supplies nutrients to the soil and can grow in very harsh conditions.

There are thousands of species of lichens and they are found in every corner of the globe, both in extreme cold and desert heat. Lichens are sensitive to pollution and as such are a good marker for environmental problems. If you have lichens, it means your air is less polluted. It is an important food source for caribou in the far north and we have seen it used in the nests of hummingbirds.

The important thing with regards to trees, is that lichens live in a happy relationship with the trees and are in no way harmful or an indication that anything is wrong with your trees. We usually see it on the north side of tree trunks or in more shady or moist conditions. So when it comes to lichens, we can like them.

Arborsmith, Ltd.® crafstman in the care of trees

Gilbert and Lesley Smith are ISA Certified Arborists, have university degrees, and have been caring for trees on Chicago's North Shore since 1980. Arborsmith. LTD., Lake Bluff IL | (847) 634-7734.

Proper tree preservation and maintenance can only be done by those who have advanced technical education in the art and science of arboriculture. Arborsmith. LTD has the hands of experience to care for your trees from the roots to the crown—from their planting to long term care. Arborsmith is able to deliver a level of care that is beyond the typical certified arborist.We have a passion for stewardship, to help you protect your corner of the earth.

Arborsmith alternative Ash tree replacements list:

Trees that don’t get planted very often because they are not ‘rock stars’ of the tree world.

With both common and scientific names you can go online and search about the way these trees look, their habits, their growing requirements, genetic size etc.

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