Mutations in the HIV-1 pol gene associated with resistance to anti-retroviral drugs in therapy-naïve Hungarian individuals transmitted as primary infection had been analyzed. Drug resistance genotyping of HIV RT and PR genes were done by in situ DNA hybridization, direct DNS sequencing and Truegene HIV-1 Genotyping System. Resistance mutations in the pol gene were detected in 14% of the subjects. The highest rate of resistance to a single class of inhibitors was detected towards PR inhibitors (12%), followed by NRTI (8%) and NNRTI (5%). 25 % of viruses transmitted by homosexual activity had mutations led to resistance to NNRTI .Multiple drug resistant viruses (2-3 drug classes) were present in 3.5%. Non-B subtypes and CRFs were also detected, indicating penetration of non-B subtypes and recombinant African variants into Hungary. Our study was the first survey for detection prevalence of transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains in our country. Findings indicate the evolution of drug resistance showing a correlation with the time of introduction of combination therapy in our country, confirm drug-resistant HIV in therapy-naïve patients and raises serious clinical and public health consequences as this viruses escape the control of drug combination therapy and cause AIDS progression. Based upon our work, resistance testing at the time of diagnosis became a standard of clinical care, and a systematic nationwide monitoring of HIV-1 drug resistance has been initiated .