The primary objective of this study is to compare progression-free survival (PFS) between patients in the treatment cohort and patients in the placebo cohort.

Inclusion Criteria:

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Determined at pre-screening: (1) Subjects ≥ 18 and ≤ 70 years of age at surgery who are capable of informed consent. (2) Patients must be able to understand and sign the informed consent indicating that they are aware of the investigational nature of this study. (3) Patients must have a life expectancy of > 8 weeks.

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Determined at or around surgery and prior to pre-leukapheresis: (1) Primary therapy must consist of surgical resection with the intent for a gross or near total resection of the contrast-enhancing tumor mass, followed by conventional external beam radiation therapy and concurrent Temodar
chemotherapy. Patients having a biopsy only will be excluded. (2) Patients with newly diagnosed, unilateral GBM (Grade IV) are eligible for this protocol. An independent central neuropathologist will review this diagnosis during the enrollment process. (3) All patients must have sufficient tumor lysate protein that was generated from the surgically obtained tumor material. This determination will be made by Cognate BioServices, Inc. (Cognate) and communicated to the clinical site through the
sponsor, or its designee.

Determined at baseline: (1) Patients must have a KPS rating of ≥ 70 at the Baseline Visit (Visit 5). (2) Patients may have received steroid therapy as part of their primary treatment.
Steroid treatment must be stopped at least 10 days prior to the first immunization with DCVax-Brain. (3) Patients in the investigational arm of the study must be willing to forego cytotoxic anti-tumor therapies except Temodar while being treated with DCVax-Brain. DCVax-Brain and placebo must be given as described and Temodar must be given essentially according to the Stupp Protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

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Determined at pre-screening: 1) History of prior malignancy except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or in situ cervical cancer or other cancers that were deemed fully resolved 10 or more years prior to Visit 1 of the study. 2) History of immunodeficiency or autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, polymyositis-dermatomyositis, juvenile onset insulin dependent diabetes, or vasculitis. Inability to obtain informed consent because of psychiatric or complicating medical problems. 3) Any known genetic cancer-susceptibility syndromes.

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Determined at or around surgery: (1) Bilateral or metastatic disease detected at diagnosis, during surgery or at postsurgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tumors may cross into, but not beyond the corpus callosum. (2) Post operative MRI scan evidence of biopsy only without significant tumor resection. (3) Implantation of Gliadel® wafers at surgery.

Determined at baseline: (1) Patients in the investigational arm of the study may not have radiographic evidence of disease progression at baseline, compared to the post surgery MRI. This will be verified by independent radiology review during the enrollment process. (2) Patients may not be taking medications that might affect immune function. The following are exceptions: nonprescription strength doses of NSAIDS, acetaminophen or aspirin. A list of such medications will be provided to investigators and updated as required.

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Safety considerations determined at baseline: The following exclusion criteria preclude patients from being enrolled in any arm of the study: (1) Acute infection: any active viral, bacterial, or fungal infection that requires specific antibiotic therapy must be completed at least 7 days prior to the first immunization. (2) Active uncontrolled infection. Examples are a sexually transmitted disease (STD), herpes, uncontrolled tuberculosis, malaria, etc. (3) Fever ≥ 101.5 degrees fahrenheit. If considered possibly transient, retesting is allowed. (4) Unstable or severe intercurrent medical conditions such as unstable angina, uncontrolled arythmias, Crohn’s Disease, ulcerative colitis, renal failure, etc. (5) Females of child-bearing potential who are pregnant or lactating or who are not using adequate contraception (surgical, hormonal or double barrier, i.e. condom and diaphragm).