Obama declares Chimney Rock a national monument

New findings from the Chimney Rock archaeological site near Pagosa Springs, Colo., suggest that resident elites were dining on elk and deer, unlike the workers who constructed the site, who were eating smaller game, according to CU-Boulder Professor Steve Lekson, who directed the excavation. The royalty at Chimney Rock -- an "outlier" of the brawny Chaco Canyon culture centered 90 miles away in northern New Mexico that ruled the Southwest with a heavy hand from about A.D. 850 to 1150 -- were likely tended to through a complex social, economic and political network, Lekson said. Image courtesy CU-Boulder

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DURANGO, Colo. (AP) - A dramatic rock formation in southwestern Colorado that was home to ancestors of the Pueblo Indians 1,000 years ago now has protection as a national monument - a potential boost for tourism in a state key to the presidential election.

President Barack Obama signed a proclamation Friday creating Chimney Rock National Monument, preserving nearly 5,000 acres of high desert around the spires that hold spiritual significance for tribes.

The designation - celebrated at the site Friday by Interior Secretary Ken Salazar, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and Democratic Sen. Michael Bennet - comes as Obama and Republican Mitt Romney intensify their battle for the presidential vote in Colorado, considered a swing state. Romney returns to Colorado on Sunday to campaign.

Yet both Democrats and Republicans - including Republican Rep. Scott Tipton, who represents southwest Colorado - had worked for years to create the monument in the San Juan National Forest west of Pagosa Springs.

"With President Obama's action and the strong support of the Native American community and others throughout the region, this new monument will bring new economic opportunity to Archuleta County and the Four Corners region," Vilsack said in a prepared statement.

A study commissioned by the National Trust for Historic Preservation said a monument designation could double the site's economic impact on the region from $1.2 million today to $2.4 million by 2017.

Some presidential designations of national monuments have been strongly opposed.

President Bill Clinton's designation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah in 1996 angered many residents and politicians who wanted to tap underground energy deposits there. Montana ranchers and others oppose a contentious federal proposal to convert a vast swath of eastern Montana into a new national monument.

When Obama took office, some Western conservatives were suspicious his administration would go on a national monument-creating spree. Obama has designated two other national monuments: Fort Ord National Monument in California, and Fort Monroe, a former army base in Virginia that was a safe haven for slaves during the Civil War.

Ancestral Puebloan farmers in the Chimney Rock region built more than 200 homes and ceremonial buildings high above the valley floor to be near the sacred twin rock pinnacles. They inhabited the region for more than 1,000 years but had left by 1300. Their disappearance is still a mystery.