By deconstructing the technical performance of the squat, this movement can be used as a dynamic screening assessment tool to identify functional deficits within the neuromusculoskeletal system which can provide a more accurate target for corrective therapies and exercise.

The back squat assess the Kinetic Chain for:

Neuromuscular control

Strength

Stability

Mobility

Ultimately, the squat tells you where the faulty movement lies within the body, which potential muscles and joints are involved and where to focus corrective strategies for the treatment of pain and injuries, prevention of future injuries and optimizing sports performance.

As an exercise, the back squat is is one of the most effective ways to enhance performance as it necessitates the coordinated interaction of numerous muscle groups and strengthens the prime movers needed to support explosive athletic movements, such as jumping, running, and lifting.

In addition, proficiency of the back squat translates to everyday tasks, such as lifting and carrying heavy objects, which relates this exercise to improve quality of life.

The back squat exercise is performed in a standing position with the feet flat on the floor, the knees and hips in a neutral, extended anatomical position, and the spine in an upright position with preservation of its natural curves.

The squat movement begins with the descent phase as the hips, knees, and ankles flex. A common instruction is to descend until the top of the thigh is at least parallel with ground and the hip joint is at least level with or slightly below the knee joint.

Ascent is achieved primarily through triple extension of the hips, knees, and ankles, continuing until the individual has returned to the original extended, starting position.Identification of Biomechanical Deficits During The Back Squat

The basic squat movement can highlight biomechanical deficits at the major KInetic Chain checkpoints that can help to explain the cause of pain or recurrent injuries, predict future injuries and possible ways to enhance performance,

These deficits can be categorized as:

Inefficient motor coordination or recruitment

Muscle weakness

Strength asymmetry

Joint instability (strength)

Joint immobility

Muscle tightness (mobility)

The Overhead Squat Assessment (Try this at home in front of a mirror or with a partner)

Once the dysfunctional kink(s) in the Kinetic Chain are identified with the screen, isolated range of motion and manual muscle testing can hone in on the precise structures involved, thereby streamlining the most efficient corrective interventions.

Key Points

The squat assessment allows a professional to identify biomechanical deficits

Biomechanical deficits can cause pain and/or injuries, as well as impede performance

The squat effectively helps to target corrective strategies such as manual therapies and corrective exercises which can address these functional limitations and imbalances