There are a lot of advantages with this option. Both mediums are dry and are blended on the working surface.

They do, however, have very different appearances and respond to handling in a different way

Primarily, Pastel makes an excellent base for Wax Type CP once it is 'Fixed'.

The surface provides a smooth yet absorbent layer that has just the right grip on the dry wax based pencil

The rule is - Use pastel first and CP on the top. It doesn’t work the other way round.

Pastel also works well as a base for watercolour pencil when the pastel surface is left unfixed, Both media are water soluble and will blend even when water is not used.

Hard Pastel, Pastel Pencil and Soft Pastel - how do they differ in use ?

Hard pastel sticks are usually those produced by pencil manufacturers and the medium is generally the same formula as that used for the core of pastel pencils.

Probably the largest range of colours in hard pastels ( Pastel Carre ) is found in the Conte range, but many other manufacturers make the same or similar products

Soft and hard pastel have their own individual advantages. Hard Pastel sticks are less messy than the more common soft pastel and produce a sharper and firmer line on the paper.

Soft pastel produces a more gentle result and the higher pigment level ( and lower level of filler) makes soft pastel the medium of choice for portrait artists and those wanting a softer effect.

Pastel Pencils use the hard pastel as a core but provide a clean handling method. They work well for detail, but are not at their best when trying to lay down large areas of colour

Notes on using Pastel as a base for CP

You will need a blob of white tac/blue tac to keep your hands clean - Pastel dust from soft pastels has a habit of covering every surface as well as the painted one. Hard pastel is the cleaner option, but you will still get some dust on your hands and the ball of blue/white tac held in your palm whilst working will enable you to keep the dust on your hands to a low level.

Manufacturers such as Cretacolour make available a hard pastel holder which is a metal sleeve the size of the cross section of the pastel stick and works similar to a simple metal propelling pencil. This works, but the fuss of reloading a fresh stick each time you change colour, makes the option more of a task than a benefit.

Layer light or white Pastel under other colours if you wish to preserve lightness.

You will find it difficult to recover white over another colour unless you used white first, as the white pigment powder will simply make a light blend if placed on the top of a darker colour

Dark will go over light, but like using white, tends to produce a blend rather than a crisp dark.

The best darks go over other darks

It is easier to blend adjacent colours from the colour wheel than contrasting colours which will tend to cancel each other out and result in dirty greys and browns.

Lay down the basic shapes and tones with pastel. Don't try to do detail – that is the work of the Coloured Pencil which will come later.

Your pastel will very quickly establish the image and enable some delicate shades of colour to be produced.

If you are using wax type coloured pencils, you may wish to FIX your image with a spray.

The spray should be used outdoors or in a very well ventilated space. Give the surface two or three coats to lock down the loose pastel.

Don’t be tempted to use a cheap aerosol hairspray as fixative, it will fix the pastel but darken it and also result in early breakdown of the fixed surface. Hairspray is not an archival material.

FIXATIVE will darken the colours and particularly darken the whites. This is a problem with fixatives. The varnish coats the crystalline pastel pigment and kills off the ability of the colour to sparkle and shine out.

Work your CP over the top of the pastel using a sheet of protective paper under your hand to avoid scuffing the lower surface.

I have an ‘L’ shaped piece of clear plastic that is ideal for protecting the surface below. It can be held in place by a couple of pieces of tape or tac, and you can see the whole picture through the plastic and work within the open area of the plastic shape.

The fixed pastel surface provides a quick base for the CP and also produces excellent backgrounds.

If you haven’t tried it, I strongly recommend that you give it a go.

THERE ARE STEP BY STEP EXAMPLES OF PASTEL UNDER CP ON THE ADJOINING PAGES

As alternatives

Hard Pastel and Pastel pencils also work well with dry watercolour pencils when they will blend and do not need to be fixed if they are worked on a suitable surface. See below for further information on this technique

Watercolour is transparent so will lightly tint the working surface

( and there are several ways to use Watercolour )

You can use Acrylic if you use it very thinly (and avoid a glossy acrylic)

Gouache is opaque and will produce a final surface similar to pastel.

Coloured Ink is another option –

and usually has the benefit of being permanent ( like acrylic )

Unfixed Pastel under Watercolour Pencils and Oil Based pencils

Test on an invented landscape image

I had tried a test using cartridge paper and hard pastel carre sticks to provide a foundation for working a picture.

This test used a variety of colours from the Caran d’Ache ‘Cube’ hard pastel range with white under the lighter areas of the picture.

The results were good and the picture worked well, as you can see.

This is the Foundation stage with the pastel powder rubbed into the cartridge paper surface.

I started off using the old formula Derwent watercolour pencils as this was the hardest Aquarelle I had in my collection and was the one used by the artist who demonstrated the technique to me. The colour blends into the pastel well, but I am not sure that it works as well as the Staedtler Karat pencils did

My next step is to put some sketch lines in to define shape in the trees and hedges. I am not touching the buildings until later.

The picture still has a light colour tone from the white of the foundation blending into the later colour

See in this detail, how the aquarelle brings up the pastel as it is worked over the surface. The pastel dust can be worked back into the paper with either a finger or a suitable blending tool. It beds back down quite easily but I think possibly the newer Derwent Watercolour pencils might have been a better choice. I decided to transfer brand at this point and go to the Caran d’Ache Museum Aquarelles. These are much softer and have a higher pigment level

As you can see from this detail shot, the aquarelle enables some detail to be added and stronger darks built up to give shape to the right hand side trees. The pencil is worked into the dry pastel surface, blended in and then further colour added as needed.

This detail of the sky shows how it is possible to introduce small openings in the cloud to show blue sky. Ultramarine is used here.

It is best to use a darker blue than you think, as the white pastel foundation will reduce the impact of the strong colour.

Don’t go too heavily into the picture adding large areas of blue sky unless you are confident that you can get a uniform blue. I have kept my sky predominantly white, though I may add some grey shadow to clouds later to give them shape.

Here is an overall view to give you a progress report to date.

I found that I had the sea too blue and the large tree on the left required balancing better into the composition

The Staedtler Karat Aquarelle pencils blended into the pastel well and also enabled a good depth of darks in the area around the farmhouse. The picture has an overall ‘watercolour’ look about it from the light tones and the nicely blended colour in the foreground and background.

This success led me to try a more elaborate test - again using a farmhouse scene but this time introducing more colour.

The picture was again worked on cartridge paper ( 220gsm weight ) but this time a white layer was applied and bedded into the paper over the whole of the picture area

Having worked some deeper colour into the farmhouse to provide a better balance to the composition, and also included some further detail into the hedge line along the road, I became less and less happy with the way things were going.

I felt that the picture had gone too far for the ‘watercolour’ effect, but not far enough for the traditional deeper colour that my other landscapes had. I decided to change brand again and test out Faber Castel Polychromos pencils over the assembled layers to date. These will provide deeper colour ( hopefully ) where required whilst being fairly transparent.

LESSONS LEARNED FROM THIS TEST

Pastel provides a fragile surface which is easy to blend into, but also easy to damage by scuffing with the working hand, so some sort of protection in the shape of either clear plastic or card is advised to have between hand and picture as you develop the picture.

From Test No 1 ( The Hill Farm ) it is clear the method of putting down a layer of hard pastel as a foundation works very well for any lightly coloured area of a picture where a light blended wash effect is required. Later players of coloured pencil blend readily into the powdery surface and subsequent layers of colour also blend in. I am please with the results from Test 1 which has a nice watercolour wash effect to it.

The sea and sky in the second test ( Above the Bay ) also worked well, though it proved that the white pastel may need selective application otherwise the darker coloured areas of a picture may be lightened too much to be effective for darker areas of contrast.

Whilst some of the harder Aquarelles ( e.g. Staedtler ), work well in blending colour, not all pencils work as well ( the old Derwent proved too hard and dry ). The Caran d’Ache Museum Aquarelle pencils worked well over the pastel base though, so softer Aquarelles my be the answer.

The final check using Polychromos to finish off the detail also worked well and the transparent waxy colour also blended into the pastel where necessary. I would use these again over Pastel.

I will certainly use the Pastel foundation method again, though not as a regular alternative to Aquarelles with water on watercolour paper which, I feel, make a better and more stable foundation for a picture.

Fixing the foundation pastel layer or the first stage of pastel with CP in the sky or in water scenes, may also prove helpful, and may be the next test I carry out in this section.

A useful test, and an inconclusive result. I don’t think CP over unfixed pastel will set the world alight !

The Polychromos also responded well over the accumulated surface and also blended into the pastel surface where the previous pencil layers had not impacted too much.

I have called it a day at this point as the picture has not come up to the standard I like.

As a test of techniques it worked fine. As a work of art it has not proved so successful. It doesn’t look to bad in a mount and frame though, so it may find a home !

Whilst there are problems over using coloured pencil ( both wax type and aquarelle ) over unfixed pastel, and some techniques work better than others, Pastel provides a perfect foundation for coloured pencil once it has been fixed. The fine granular surface left by the pastel grips the CP pigment and enables good coverage of the detail in a picture when the pastel is used as a background. See the further page in this section showing the working of an archway at Bellapais Abbey in Cyprus………