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Sunday, 22 July 2012

Black Holes Pt.1

Black holes are a topic of uncertainty.
Many different theories sweep through the scientific community as in
how they work, what do they do and why they exist. Really, no one
really knows what a black hole is, but there are a number of theories
that exist that try to explain how they work.

They normally originate from dead
massive stars that have collapsed under its own gravity. Allowing the
hole to grow by sucking in anything that comes to its end point,
anything from gas or dust and light to even the cosmic background
radiation. It can even suck in other star or planets, and even other
black holes. This makes the black hole a Super massive black hole
when that happens.

*Note* Our Galaxy's core is the home
of a super massive black hole, giving us a orbit for our solar system
to evolve around. (Currently 4.3 Million Solar Masses (Mo, in other
words it is the equivalent of

8.55027×10^36 kilograms (That is 36 orders of magnitude!!!!!!)

This makes the mass of this super-massive black hole absolutely
enormous. Mass that we could never be able to conjure.

A number of renown scientists such as
Steven Hawkins and Albert Einstein have contributed to their
understanding. Black holes have been understood as a region of
space-time where the immense gravitational field does not allow
particles and waves to operate or escape from the hole. This is due
to the theory of relativity where Einstein theorised that the more
mass a particle has the more influence it will have in space-time. So
if enough mass were present and compacted, the gravitational fields
would be strong. Where it would be weak then the field would be less.

Looking deeper into the rabbit hole

There are a lot of factors at play here
when it comes to a black hole, there are mathematical concepts and
theorems that explain certain aspects of the mechanics of a black
hole. The event horizon, which can also be called the point of no
return is an end point where all matter and light disappear, more
accurately, light and matter are sucked in at the speed of light.
“Spaghettifying” all matter that passes it, breaking the matter
down, atom by atom almost at the speed of light, this can also be
called the “noodle effect”. The centre of the hole is black,
thus the term the black hole, referring to the black body which is
known in thermodynamics.

Though the interior of a black hole is
unobservable directly, it can be seen by looking at other evidence
that correlated to the events and influences of the black hole, such
as the Electromagnetic radiation and matter being influenced by it.
As example of such would be where matter can be formed inside black
holes into these accretion disks, which is compressed matter (Such as
a star) giving of radiation, which can be read by an advanced
spectrometer. Other evidence can be orbital data where planets and
stars are orbiting around one point which can infer that a black hole
has its clutches on the system.

Credit: National Geographic Archives.

(This is a graphical representation of radiation emanating from a Black Hole. The sheer vortex of gravity sucking anything into its singularity)

It theorises that immense heat and
radiation is given of from the black hole, the type of radiation is
black body radiation and high thermal temperatures, this too is
predicted by quantum mechanics. The temperature levels are directly
proportional inversely to the mass of the black-hole itself. When
matter actually falls into a black hole, accretion disks are formed,
which are heated by friction. Then emitting massive amounts of energy
and light, making them to be the brightest objects in the universe. A
black-hole really only has 3 fundamental and independent properties:
Charge, angular momentum and mass. There are black-holes that don’t
have angular momentum or charge, these are simple black holes called
“Schwarzschild” black holes. Black holes can also have a neutral
charge.

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