North Korea defies warnings, launches long-range rocket

South Koreans watch a public TV reporting a news about North Korea's rocket launch at Seoul Railway Station in Seoul, South Korea, Wednesday, Dec. 12, 2012. (AP)

North Korea successfully fired a
long-range rocket on Wednesday, defying international warnings as the regime of
Kim Jong Un took a giant step forward in its quest to develop the technology to
deliver a nuclear warhead.

The United States, South Korea and Japan quickly condemned
the morning launch, which came as something of a surprise after Pyongyang had
indicated technical problems might delay it. That it succeeded after several
failed attempts was an even greater surprise.

The regime's stated purpose for firing its long-range Unha-3
rocket was to put a peaceful satellite into orbit, but the United Nations, as
well as the U.S. and its allies see it as cover for a test of technology for
missiles.

About two hours after the launch, North Korea's state media
proclaimed it a success, prompting customers in the coffee shop at Pyongyang's
Koryo Hotel to break into applause during a special television broadcast. The
North American Aerospace Defense Command, or NORAD, later confirmed that North
Korea did appear to have put an object into space.

Wednesday's launch is likely to bring fresh sanctions on the
North, and the White House called it a "highly provocative act that
threatens regional security."

NORAD said the rocket traveled south with the first stage
falling into the Yellow Sea and a second stage falling into the Philippine Sea
hundreds of kilometers (miles) farther south. "Initial indications are
that the missile deployed an object that appeared to achieve orbit," NORAD
said in a statement.

Japan protested the launch and said one part of the rocket
landed west of the Korean Peninsula, and the Philippines said another part
landed 300 kilometers (186 miles) east of its shores. South Korean President
Lee Myung-bak held an emergency national security council meeting Wednesday, and
South Korean Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan warned that North Korea will face
grave consequences.

Japan's Foreign Ministry said Tokyo immediately requested
consultations on the launch within the U.N. Security Council. The council will
hold closed-door consultations on the launch Wednesday at the request of one
council member and two other countries, according to the U.N. Mission for
Morocco, which holds the rotating council presidency.

A similar North Korean launch in April broke apart shortly
after liftoff.

"Clearly this is much more successful than their last
attempt," said Jonathan McDowell of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics. "It's at least as good as they've ever done. They've proved
the basic design of it."

He said success would be defined as "something that
completes at least one orbit of the Earth."

Rocket tests are seen as crucial to advancing North Korea's
nuclear weapons ambitions. North Korea is thought to have only a handful of
rudimentary nuclear bombs. But Pyongyang is not yet believed capable of
building warheads small enough to mount on a missile that could threaten the
United States.

North Korea has spent decades trying to perfect a
multistage, long-range rocket. Experts say that ballistic missiles and rockets
in satellite launches share similar bodies, engines and other technology. This
is the fifth attempt at a long-range launch since 1998, when Pyongyang sent a rocket
hurtling over Japan. Previous launches of three-stage rockets weren't considered
successful.

North Korea under new leader Kim has pledged to bolster its
nuclear arsenal unless Washington scraps what Pyongyang calls a hostile policy.

Kim took power after his father Kim Jong Il died on Dec. 17
last year, and the launch is seen by some as an attempt to commemorate that. It
also comes less than a week before presidential elections in South Korea and
about a month before President Barack Obama is inaugurated for his second term.

The launches Wednesday and in April came from a site on the
west coast, in the village of Tongchang-ri, about 56 kilometers (35 miles) from
the Chinese border city of Dandong, across the Yalu River from North Korea. The
site is 70 kilometers (45 miles) from the North's main Yongbyon nuclear
complex, and is said to have better roads and facilities than previous sites
and to allow a southerly flight path meant to keep the rocket from flying over
other countries.

Tensions are high between the rival Koreas. The Korean
Peninsula remains technically at war, as the 1950-53 conflict ended in a truce,
and Washington stations nearly 30,000 troops in South Korea as a buttress
against any North Korean aggression. Tens of thousands more are in nearby
Japan.

This year is the centennial of the birth of national founder
Kim Il Sung, the grandfather of Kim Jong Un. According to North Korean
propaganda, 2012 is meant to put the North on a path toward a "strong,
prosperous and great nation."

The launch also follows South Korea's recent cancellation,
because of technical problems, of an attempt to launch its first satellite from
its own territory. Two previous attempts in 2009 and 2010 failed.

The U.N. Security Council has imposed two rounds of
sanctions on North Korea following its nuclear tests, and a 2009 resolution
orders the North not to conduct any launch using ballistic missile technology.

The council condemned the failed North Korean launch in
April and ordered seizure of assets of three North Korean state companies
linked to financing, exporting and procuring weapons and missile technology.

Under Security Council resolutions, nations are also barred
from buying or selling weapons with North Korea, a key source of revenue for
its authoritarian government.

North Korea has capable short- and medium-range missiles,
but long-range launches in 1998, 2006, 2009 and in April of this year ended in
failure. North Korea is believed to have enough weaponized plutonium for at
least half a dozen bombs, according to U.S. experts. In 2010 it revealed a
uranium enrichment program that could provide a second source of material for
nuclear weapons.

Six-nation negotiations on dismantling North Korea's nuclear
program in exchange for aid fell apart in early 2009.

A February deal for the United States to provide 240,000
metric tons of food aid in exchange for a freeze in nuclear and missile
activities collapsed after the North's April launch.

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