Oh, I'm getting crasy with this. This is still not the Solitaire Mahjong I was searching for. It is an adoption of a other Mahjong inspired game.

After a lot of research I found the following candidates:
1) A python based collection of Solitaire gameshttp://pysolfc.sourceforge.net/
Not sure if the python package is able to run it or all libs are there (e.g. https://code.google.com/archive/p/python-ttk/)
Would be nice to get it working as it implements about 1000 Solitaire card and Mahjong based games.
2) xmahjongg
Looks like a simple implementation in C with only basic requirements. No idea what lib is used for graphic output. For me it looks like it only uses direct X11 calls.http://www.lcdf.org/xmahjongg/
Compiles on Ubuntu without problems. Need to be started with parameter -B that points the the share directory (e.g. ./xmahjongg -B '/home/user/Dokumente/Kindle/Mahjongg/xmahjongg-3.7/sahre')
3) Lopan
A simple SDL based Version. The homepage is gone, but archive.org has a copy of the latest src archive.http://web.archive.org/web/201603100....com/sdllopan/

Use -I flag to add the include path in the build command(s) to wherever you put them.
You didn't see that error during the native compile because your native install has them in the native compiler's default search path.

It also reads as if you need to do something about that default output test in configure.
It isn't compatible with your gcc version.
So:
Search if it has been fixed by someone (probably just using a recent auto-reconfigure to regenerate the configure file will do);
Fix it yourself ;
Skip it by forcing the correct answer ;
Use an older compiler (for instance, the version used to build the Kindle firmware);

I would suggest diving into Buildroot see how they fixed auto-configure for the newer compiler versions.