os_win32.txt For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2017 Mar 21
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by George Reillywin32Win32MS-Windows
This file documents the idiosyncrasies of the Win32 version of Vim.
The Win32 version of Vim works on Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10. There are
both console and GUI versions.
The 32 bit version also runs on 64 bit MS-Windows systems.
1. Known problems win32-problems
2. Startup win32-startup
3. Restore screen contents win32-restore
4. Using the mouse win32-mouse
5. Running under Windows 95 win32-win95
6. Running under Windows 3.1 win32-win3.1
7. Win32 mini FAQwin32-faq
Additionally, there are a number of common Win32 and DOS items:
File locations dos-locations
Using backslashes dos-backslash
Standard mappings dos-standard-mappings
Screen output and colors dos-colors
File formats dos-file-formats:cd command dos-:cd
Interrupting dos-CTRL-Break
Temp files dos-temp-files
Shell option default dos-shellWin32GUIgui-w32
Credits:
The Win32 version was written by George V. Reilly <george@reilly.org>.
The original Windows NT port was done by Roger Knobbe <RogerK@wonderware.com>.
The GUI version was made by George V. Reilly and Robert Webb.
For compiling see "src/INSTALLpc.txt".win32-compiling==============================================================================
1. Known problems win32-problems
When doing file name completion, Vim also finds matches for the short file
name. But Vim will still find and use the corresponding long file name. For
example, if you have the long file name "this_is_a_test" with the short file
name "this_i~1", the command ":e *1" will start editing "this_is_a_test".==============================================================================
2. Startup win32-startup
Current directory win32-curdir
If Vim is started with a single file name argument, and it has a full path
(starts with "x:\"), Vim assumes it was started from the file explorer and
will set the current directory to where that file is. To avoid this when
typing a command to start Vim, use a forward slash instead of a backslash.
Example:
vim c:\text\files\foo.txt
Will change to the "C:\text\files" directory.
vim c:/text\files\foo.txt
Will use the current directory.
Term option win32-term
The only kind of terminal type that the Win32 version of Vim understands is
"win32", which is built-in. If you set 'term' to anything else, you will
probably get very strange behavior from Vim. Therefore Vim does not obtain
the default value of 'term' from the environment variable "TERM".
$PATH win32-PATH
The directory of the Vim executable is appended to $PATH. This is mostly to
make "!xxd" work, asitis in the Tools menu. And it also means that when
executable() returns 1 the executable can actually be executed.
Command line arguments win32-cmdargs
Analysis of a command line into parameters is not standardised in MS Windows.
Vim and gvim used to use different logic to parse it (before 7.4.432), and the
logic was also depended on what it was compiled with. Now Vim and gvim both
use the CommandLineToArgvW() Win32 API, so they behave in the same way.
The basic rules are: win32-backslashesa)A parameter isa sequence of graphic characters.
b) Parameters are separated by white space.
c) A parameter can be enclosed in double quotes to include white space.
d) A sequence of zero or more backslashes (\) and a double quote(")is special. The effective number of backslashes is halved, rounded
down. An even number of backslashes reverses the acceptability of
spaces and tabs, an odd number of backslashes produces a literal
double quote.
So:
" isa special double quote
\" isa literal double quote
\\" isa literal backslash and a special double quote
\\\" isa literal backslash and a literal double quote
\\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a special double quote
\\\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a literal double quote
etc.
Example:
vim "C:\My Music\freude" +"set ignorecase" +/"\"foo\\" +\"bar\\\"
opens "C:\My Music\freude" and executes the line mode commands:
set ignorecase; /"foo\ and /bar\"
These rules are also described in the reference of the CommandLineToArgvW API:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb776391.aspxwin32-quotes
There are additional rules for quotes (which are not well documented).
As described above, quotes inside a file name (or any other command line
argument) can be escaped with a backslash. E.g.
vim -c "echo 'foo\"bar'"
Alternatively use three quotes to get one:
vim -c "echo 'foo"""bar'"
The quotation rules are:
1. A" starts quotation.
2. Another " or "" ends quotation. If the quotation ends with "", a"is produced at the end of the quoted string.
Examples, with [] around an argument:
"foo" -> [foo]
"foo"" -> [foo"]
"foo"bar -> [foobar]
"foo" bar -> [foo], [bar]
"foo""bar -> [foo"bar]
"foo"" bar -> [foo"], [bar]
"foo"""bar" -> [foo"bar]
==============================================================================
3. Restore screen contents win32-restore
When 'restorescreen'is set (which is the default), Vim will restore the
original contents of the console when exiting or when executing external
commands. If you don't want this, use ":set nors".'restorescreen'==============================================================================
4. Using the mouse win32-mouse
The Win32 version of Vim supports using the mouse. If you have a two-button
mouse, the middle button can be emulated by pressing both left and right
buttons simultaneously - but note that in the Win32 GUI, if you have the right
mouse button pop-up menu enabled (see 'mouse'), you should err on the side of
pressing the left button first. mouse-using
When the mouse doesn't work, try disabling the "Quick Edit Mode" feature of
the console.
==============================================================================
5. Running under Windows 95 win32-win95windows95windows98windowsme
Windows 95/98/ME support was removed in patch 8.0.0029 If you want to use it
you will need to get a version older than that.
==============================================================================
6. Running under Windows 3.1 win32-win3.1win32swindows-3.1gui-w32swin16
There was a special version of gvim that runs under Windows 3.1 and 3.11.
Support was removed in patch 7.4.1363.
==============================================================================
7. Win32 mini FAQwin32-faq
Q. How doI change the font?
A. In the GUI version, you can use the 'guifont' option. Example:
:set guifont=Lucida_Console:h15:cDEFAULT
In the console version, you need to set the font of the console itself.
You cannot do this from within Vim.
Q. How doI type dead keys on Windows NT?
A. Dead keys work on NT 3.51. Just type them as you would in any other
application.
On NT 4.0, you need to make sure that the default locale (set in the
Keyboard part of the Control Panel) is the same as the currently active
locale. Otherwise the NT code will get confused and crash! This isa NT
4.0 problem, not really a Vim problem.
Q. I'm using Vim to edit a symbolically linked file on aUnix NFS file server.
When I write the file, Vim does not "write through" the symlink. Instead,
it deletes the symbolic link and creates a new file in its place. Why?
A. On Unix, Vim is prepared for links (symbolic or hard). Abackup copy of
the original file is made and then the original file is overwritten. This
assures that all properties of the file remain the same. On non-Unix
systems, the original file is renamed and a new file is written. Only the
protection bits are set like the original file. However, this doesn't work
properly when working on an NFS-mounted file system where links and other
things exist. The only way to fix this in the current version is not
making abackup file, by ":set nobackup nowritebackup" 'writebackup'
Q. I'm using Vim to edit a file on aUnix file server through Samba. When I
write the file, the owner of the file is changed. Why?
A. When writinga file Vim renames the original file, this isabackup (in
casewriting the file fails halfway). Then the file is written asa new
file. Samba then gives it the default owner for the file system, which may
differ from the original owner.
To avoid this set the 'backupcopy' option to "yes". Vim will then make a
copy of the file for the backup, and overwrite the original file. The
owner isn't changed then.
Q. How doI get to see the output of ":make" while it's running?
A. Basically what you need is to puta tee program that will copy its input
(the output from make) to both stdout and to the errorfile. You can find a
copy of tee (and a number of other GNU tools) athttp://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net or http://unxutils.sourceforge.net
Alternatively, try the more recent Cygnus version of the GNU tools athttp://www.cygwin.com Other Unix-style tools for Win32 are listed athttp://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/
When you do get a copy of tee, you'll need to add
:set shellpipe=\|\ tee
to your _vimrc.
Q. I'm storing files on a remote machine that works with VisionFS, and files
disappear!
A. VisionFS can't handle certain dot (.) three letter extension file names.
SCO declares this behavior required for backwards compatibility with 16bit
DOS/Windows environments. The two commands below demonstrate the behavior:
echo Hello > file.bat~ dir > file.bat
The result is that the "dir" command updates the "file.bat~" file, instead
of creating a new "file.bat" file. This same behavior is exhibited in Vim
when editing an existing file named "foo.bat" because the default behavior
of Vim is to create a temporary file with a '~' character appended to the
name. When the file is written, it winds up being deleted.
Solution: Add this command to your _vimrc file:
:set backupext=.temporary
Q. How doI change the blink rate of the cursor?
A. You can't! This isa limitation of the NT console. NT 5.0 is reported to
be able to set the blink rate for all console windowsat the same time.
:!start
Q. How can I asynchronously run an external command or program, or open a
document or URL with its default program?
A. When using :! to run an external command, you can run it with "start". For
example, to run notepad:
:!start notepad
To open "image.jpg" with the default image viewer:
:!start image.jpg
To open the folder of the current file in Windows Explorer:
:!start %:h
To open the Vim home page with the default browser:
:!start http://www.vim.org/
Using "start" stops Vim switching to another screen, opening a new console,
or waiting for the program to complete; it indicates that you are running a
program that does not affect the files you are editing. Programs begun
with :!startdo not get passed Vim's open file handles, which means they do
not have to be closed before Vim.
To avoid this special treatment, use ":! start".
There are two optional arguments (see the next Q):
/min the window will be minimized
/b no console window will be opened
You can use only one of these flags ata time. A second one will be
treated as the start of the command.
Q. How doI avoid getting awindow for programs that I run asynchronously?
A. You have two possible solutions depending on what you want:
1) You may use the /min flag in order to run program in a minimized state
with no other changes. It will work equally for console and GUI
applications.
2) You can use the /b flag to run console applications without creating a
console window for them (GUI applications are not affected). But you
should use this flag only if the application you run doesn't require any
input. Otherwise it will get an EOF error because its input stream
(stdin) would be redirected to \\.\NUL (stdout and stderr too).
Example for a console application, run Exuberant ctags:
:!start /min ctags -R .
When it has finished you should see file named "tags" in your current
directory. You should notice the window title blinking on your taskbar.
This is more noticeable for commands that take longer.
Now delete the "tags" file and run this command:
:!start /b ctags -R .
You should have the same "tags" file, but this time there will be no
blinking on the taskbar.
Example for aGUI application:
:!start /min notepad :!start /b notepad
The first command runs notepad minimized and the second one runs it
normally.
windows-icon
Q. I don't like the Vim icon, can I change it?
A. Yes, place your favorite icon in bitmaps/vim.ico in a directory of
'runtimepath'. For example ~/vimfiles/bitmaps/vim.ico.
vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: