There may be large amounts of liquid _______ under the frozen surface of Europa.

water

The Uranian moon that shows the greatest amount of geological activity and disruption over time is _______.

miranda

What is unusual about Jupiter’s moon Io?

Io is the most volcanic object in the solar system. It has no surface craters

What property of Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, makes it of particular interest to astronomers?

Atmosphere is twice that of earth

What is unique about Miranda? Give a possible explanation for this uniqueness.

wide range of terrain

Seen from Earth, Saturn’s rings sometimes appear broad and bright but at other times seem to disappear. Why?

Saturn has a tilt of 27 degrees

How was Pluto discovered?

irregularities in orbits of uranus and neptune suggested a ninth planet

How was the mass of Pluto determined?

In the 1980s, eclipses of Charon and Pluto obscend

The largest moon in the solar system is _____.
a. Mercury
b. Io
c. Earth's Moon
d. Titan
e. Ganymede

e. Ganymede

The four largest moons of Jupiter were first discovered by which of the following scientists?
a. Isaac Newton
b. Johannes Kepler
c. William Herschel
d. Galileo Galilei
e. Tycho Brahe

d. Galileo Galilei

3. The rings of Saturn are most likely characterized by which of the following statements?
a. They are the result of an early collision of Saturn with Jupiter.
b. They are relatively young compared to the age of Saturn and the solar system.
c. They are a continuous solid sheet of reflective ice.
d. They are several hundred kilometers thick.
e. They are made of hydrogen and helium gas.

b. They are relatively young compared to the age of Saturn and the solar system.

Although Saturns ring system is tens of thousands of kilometers wide, it is only a few tens of meters thick. a. True b. False

a. true

Io has a noticeable lack of impact craters on its surface. a. True b. False

a. true

Pluto is larger than Earths Moon. a. True b. False

b. false

Pluto’s moon, Charon, is very small compared with Pluto. a. True b. False

b. false

Saturn is unique among the planets in having a ring system. a. True b. False

b. false

The surface of Europa is completely covered by water ice. a. True b. False

a. true

Titan’s atmosphere is denser than Earths. a. True b. False

a. true

Titan’s surface is obscured by thick cloud layers. a. True b. False

a. true

The part of the Sun we see is called the _______.

photosphere

Below the solar surface, in order of increasing depth, lie the _______ zone, the _______ zone, and the _______.

chromosphere

transition

cornoa

The _______ seen on the surface of the Sun is evidence of convective cells.

grandulation

The Sun appears to have a well-defined edge because the thickness of the _______ is only 0.1 percent of the solar radius.

photosynthesis

_______ is the most abundant element in the Sun.

hydrogen

_______ is the second most abundant element in the Sun.

helium

The two most abundant elements in the Sun make up about _______ percent of its composition.

99.9

The _______ is formed as the hot outer regions of the corona expand into interplanetary space.

solar wind

Sunspots appear dark because they are _______ than the surrounding gas of the photosphere.

cooler

The sunspot cycle is _______ years long; the solar cycle is _______ as long.

11

twice

A _______ is a violent explosive event in a solar active region.

flare

The solar neutrino problem is the fact that astronomers observe too _______ neutrinos coming from the Sun.

few

How massive is the Sun, compared with Earth?

300,000 times mass of earth

How hot is the solar surface? The solar core?

solar surface= 5800km, interior about 15 million

What evidence do we have for solar convection?

solar gandulation

What is the solar wind?

gas escapes from cornea beacuse so hot, rus of particles called solar wind

What is the cause of sunspots, flares, and prominences?

magnetic fields

What fuels the Sun’s enormous energy output?

the sun's energy output is fueled by fusion of hudrogen into helium

What is the period of rotation of the Sun?
a. 29.8 hours at the equator, 13.6 hours near its poles
b. 15.5 hours at the equator, 32.6 days near its poles
c. 14.3 days both at the equator and near its poles
d. 16.7 days at the equator, 43.5 days near its poles
e. 25.1 days at the equator, 36 days near its poles

What will happen to the absorption and/or emission spectral lines of an object moving away from Earth at high speed?

a. They will be shifted toward the red end of the spectrum.
b. They will be shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum.
c. They will be made more intense.
d. They will be made less intense.
e. They will be unaffected.

a. They will be shifted toward the red end of the spectrum.

The planet _______ is blue-green and virtually featureless.

average density

The planet _______ is dark blue, with white clouds and visible storm systems.

Uranus

The overall bluish coloration of Uranus and Neptune is caused by the gas _______.

methane

The main constituents of Jupiter and Saturn are _______ and _______.

hydrogen

helium

Jupiter’s clouds consist of a series of light-colored _______ and darker _______.

zones

belts

Saturn’s cloud layers are thicker than those of Jupiter because of Saturn’s weaker _______.

gravity

Uranus’s rotation axis is almost _______ to the ecliptic plane.

parallel

Jupiter emits about _______ times more radiation than it receives from the Sun.

two

Jupiter’s magnetic field is generated by its rapid rotation and by the element _______, which becomes metallic in the interior of the planet.

hydrogen

Saturn’s excess energy emission is caused by _______.

helium percipitation

Why did astronomers suspect an eighth planet beyond Uranus?

orbit different than predicted

Why have the jovian planets retained most of their original atmospheres?

lower temperature

higher gravity

What is differential rotation, and what evidence do we have that it occurs on Jupiter?

look it up bitch

Why does Saturn have a less varied appearance than Jupiter?

when equalatorial regions rotate faster than polar

. What is the Great Red Spot? What is known about the source of its energy?

redish spot in Jupiter seen for past 100 years. comes from the atmopsphere flows

What is unusual about the rotation of Uranus?

the tilt of 98 degress

What is responsible for Jupiter’s enormous magnetic field?

conduction material in bject

How are the interiors of Uranus and Neptune thought to differ from those of Jupiter and Saturn?

no liquid metallic hydrogen in interiors

Jupiter's strong magnetic field traps particles that spiral into its poles, interacting with its atmosphere to produce Northern and Southern Lights, called aurora. All planets with strong magnetic fields and atmospheres have auroras. Thus, the following planets in our solar system experience auroras:
a. Earth
b. Jupiter
c. Saturn
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The following Jovian planets have central cores larger than the Earth
a. Saturn
b. Neptune
c. Jupiter
d. Uranus
e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Uranus' rotational axis was likely flipped over by:
a. gravitational interactions with the Sun
b. a collision with a large planetoid
c. chemical changes in its outer atmosphere
d. the formation of its moons

b. a collision with a large planetoid

Which planets' magnetic fields are created by a rotating metallic hydrogen ocean rather than a rotating ammonia/water ocean or a rotating molten iron core?
a. Jupiter and Saturn
b. Saturn and Uranus
c. Jupiter and Neptune
d. Uranus and Neptune