From a business perspective AI is a set of
very powerful tools, and methodologies for using those tools to solve business
problems.

From a programming perspective, AI includes
the study of symbolic programming, problem solving, and search.

Typically AI programs focus on symbols rather than
numeric processing.

Problem
solving - achieve goals.

Search -
seldom access a solution directly. Search may include a variety of techniques.

AI programming languages include:

LISP, developed in the 1950s, is the early
programming language strongly associated with AI. LISP is a functional
programming language with procedural extensions. LISP (LISt Processor) was
specifically designed for processing heterogeneous lists -- typically a list of
symbols. Features of LISP are run- time type checking, higher order functions
(functions that have other functions as parameters), automatic memory
management (garbage collection) and an interactive environment.

The second language strongly associated with AI is
PROLOG. PROLOG was developed in the 1970s. PROLOG is based on first order
logic. PROLOG is declarative in nature and has facilities for explicitly
limiting the search space.

Object-oriented languages are a class of languages
more recently used for AI programming. Important features of object-oriented
languages include: concepts of objects and messages, objects bundle data and
methods for manipulating the data, sender specifies what is to be done receiver
decides how to do it, inheritance (object hierarchy where objects inherit the
attributes of the more general class of objects). Examples of object-oriented
languages are Smalltalk, Objective C, C++. Object oriented extensions to LISP
(CLOS - Common LISP Object System) and PROLOG (L&O - Logic & Objects)
are also used.

Artificial
Intelligence is a new electronic machine that stores large amount of
information and process it at very high speed

The
computer is interrogated by a human via a teletype It passes if the human
cannot tell if there is a computer or human at the other end

The
ability to solve problems

It is the
science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to
understand human intelligence