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Canada became a country in 1867, but it was much smaller than it is now, and did not include the parts of the country to the west. From 1670 to 1870, the southern part of Alberta was included in "Rupert's Land," land owned by the Hudson Bay Company. The land was owned by the company so that they could catch animals to kill for fur, which they sold. The northern part of Alberta was called the "Northwest Territories." Today, the Northwest Territories still exist but they are north of Alberta.

Alberta was made a province of Canada in 1905, at the same time as Saskatchewan.

The Aboriginal peoples are referred to as First Nations or by the Name of their Nation. Mixed (European/Aboriginal) People are called Metis.