EconStor Collection: Discussion Papers, Abteilung Migration, Integration, Transnationalisierung, WZBhttp://hdl.handle.net/10419/49705
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Perceptions of ethno-cultural diversity and neighborhood cohesion in three European countrieshttp://hdl.handle.net/10419/104066
Title: Perceptions of ethno-cultural diversity and neighborhood cohesion in three European countries
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<br/>Authors: Koopmans, Ruud; Schaeffer, Merlin
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<br/>Abstract: The question whether ethnic diversity is associated with declining social cohesion has produced much controversy. We maintain that more attention must be paid to cognitive mechanisms to move the debate ahead. Using survey data from 938 localities in Germany, France, and the Netherlands, we explore a crucial individual-level mechanism: perceptions of diversity. We not only consider perceptions of the amount, but also of the qualitative nature of diversity. By asking about various qualitative aspects of diversity, we test the cognitive salience of three explanations that have been proposed in the literature for negative diversity effects: out-group biases, asymmetric preferences and coordination problems. We show that all three mechanisms matter. Perceptions both mediate statistical diversity effects, and have important explanatory power of their own. Moreover, we are able to address the question to what extend the relationship of perceived diversity and neighborhood social cohesion varies across policy contexts. Based on assumptions in the literature about positive impacts of inclusive and culturally pluralist immigrant integration policy approaches, we hypothesize that ethno-cultural diversity is less negatively related to neighborhood social cohesion in more inclusive policy contexts. Our results provide partial support for this hypothesis as perceived diversity has a significantly stronger negative impact on neighborhood cohesion in Germany.Tue, 29 Oct 2013 22:58:59 GMTPerceptions of ethno-cultural diversity and neighborhood cohesion in three European countrieshttp://hdl.handle.net/10419/104066
Title: Perceptions of ethno-cultural diversity and neighborhood cohesion in three European countries
<br/>
<br/>Authors: Koopmans, Ruud; Schaeffer, Merlin
<br/>
<br/>Abstract: The question whether ethnic diversity is associated with declining social cohesion has produced much controversy. We maintain that more attention must be paid to cognitive mechanisms to move the debate ahead. Using survey data from 938 localities in Germany, France, and the Netherlands, we explore a crucial individual-level mechanism: perceptions of diversity. We not only consider perceptions of the amount, but also of the qualitative nature of diversity. By asking about various qualitative aspects of diversity, we test the cognitive salience of three explanations that have been proposed in the literature for negative diversity effects: out-group biases, asymmetric preferences and coordination problems. We show that all three mechanisms matter. Perceptions both mediate statistical diversity effects, and have important explanatory power of their own. Moreover, we are able to address the question to what extend the relationship of perceived diversity and neighborhood social cohesion varies across policy contexts. Based on assumptions in the literature about positive impacts of inclusive and culturally pluralist immigrant integration policy approaches, we hypothesize that ethno-cultural diversity is less negatively related to neighborhood social cohesion in more inclusive policy contexts. Our results provide partial support for this hypothesis as perceived diversity has a significantly stronger negative impact on neighborhood cohesion in Germany.Tue, 29 Oct 2013 22:58:59 GMTReligious fundamentalism and out-group hostility among Muslims and Christians in Western Europehttp://hdl.handle.net/10419/94367
Title: Religious fundamentalism and out-group hostility among Muslims and Christians in Western Europe
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<br/>Authors: Koopmans, Ruud
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<br/>Abstract: [Introduction] In the controversies over immigration and Islam in the early 21st century, Muslims have widely become associated with religious fundamentalism. Others have argued that religiously fundamentalist attitudes characterize only a small minority of Muslims living in the West, and can be found to similar extents among adherents of other religions, including Christianity. Claims on both sides of this debate lack a sound empirical base. Little is known about the extent and determinants of religious fundamentalism among Muslims of immigrant origin, and virtually no evidence is available that allows a comparison with Christians of native stock. Whether religious fundamentalism among Muslims should be considered as a relatively harmless form of strong religiosity or whether it is associated with hostility towards other groups is also an open question. Research on Christian fundamentalism has repeatedly demonstrated that there is a strong connection with out-group hostility, but no solid evidence is currently available that allows us to determine whether this also holds true for Muslims. On the basis of a survey among Turkish and Moroccan immigrants and their offspring as well as native comparison groups in six West European countries this paper investigates four key questions: - What is the extent of religious fundamentalism among Muslim immigrants and their offspring and how does it compare to native Christians? - What are the socio-economic determinants of religious fundamentalism among Muslims and to what extent are they similar to those among Christians? - Can religious fundamentalism among Muslims be distinguished from other indicators of religiosity, as research has found to be the case for Christian fundamentalism, or is it an inherent component of strong Islamic religiosity? - What is the relationship between religious fundamentalism and hostility towards other groups and is this relationship similar among Muslims and Christians?Tue, 29 Oct 2013 22:58:59 GMTReligious fundamentalism and out-group hostility among Muslims and Christians in Western Europehttp://hdl.handle.net/10419/94367
Title: Religious fundamentalism and out-group hostility among Muslims and Christians in Western Europe
<br/>
<br/>Authors: Koopmans, Ruud
<br/>
<br/>Abstract: [Introduction] In the controversies over immigration and Islam in the early 21st century, Muslims have widely become associated with religious fundamentalism. Others have argued that religiously fundamentalist attitudes characterize only a small minority of Muslims living in the West, and can be found to similar extents among adherents of other religions, including Christianity. Claims on both sides of this debate lack a sound empirical base. Little is known about the extent and determinants of religious fundamentalism among Muslims of immigrant origin, and virtually no evidence is available that allows a comparison with Christians of native stock. Whether religious fundamentalism among Muslims should be considered as a relatively harmless form of strong religiosity or whether it is associated with hostility towards other groups is also an open question. Research on Christian fundamentalism has repeatedly demonstrated that there is a strong connection with out-group hostility, but no solid evidence is currently available that allows us to determine whether this also holds true for Muslims. On the basis of a survey among Turkish and Moroccan immigrants and their offspring as well as native comparison groups in six West European countries this paper investigates four key questions: - What is the extent of religious fundamentalism among Muslim immigrants and their offspring and how does it compare to native Christians? - What are the socio-economic determinants of religious fundamentalism among Muslims and to what extent are they similar to those among Christians? - Can religious fundamentalism among Muslims be distinguished from other indicators of religiosity, as research has found to be the case for Christian fundamentalism, or is it an inherent component of strong Islamic religiosity? - What is the relationship between religious fundamentalism and hostility towards other groups and is this relationship similar among Muslims and Christians?Tue, 29 Oct 2013 22:58:59 GMT