Text 1: What does open source mean?

Transcrição

1 FACULDADE DE TECNOLOGIA DE AMERICANA Curso de Análise de Sistemas e Tecnologia da Informação Exame de Proficiência em Língua Inglesa Módulo I - 2º semestre de 2008 Instruções: 1- Leia os textos e as questões atentamente e escolha apenas UMA alternativa para cada questão, de acordo com os textos. 2- Preencha a Folha de Respostas Definitiva, conforme instruções. 3- Ao final da prova, entregue ao fiscal da sala o caderno de questões e a Folha de Respostas Text 1: What does open source mean? Most software that you buy or download only comes in the compiled readyto-run version. Compiled means that the actual program code that the developer created, known as the source code, has run through a special program called a compiler that translates the source code into a form that the computer can understand. It is extremely difficult to modify the compiled version of most applications and nearly impossible to see exactly how the developer created different parts of the program. Most commercial software manufacturers see this as an advantage that keeps other companies from copying their code and using it in a competing product. It also gives them control over the quality and features found in a particular product. Open source software is at the opposite end of the spectrum. The source code is included with the compiled version and modification or customization is actually encouraged. The software developers who support the open source concept believe that by allowing anyone who's interested to modify the source code, the application will be more useful and error-free over the long term. 1 To be considered as open source software by the software development industry, certain criteria must be met: The program must be freely distributed (It can be part of a package that is sold though, such as Red Hat has done with Linux in the example below). Source code must be included. Anyone must be allowed to modify the source code. Modified versions can be redistributed. The license must not require the exclusion of other software or interfere with the operation of other software. Let's take a look at a real world example of open source software. In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, developed a new operating system based on Minix, a derivative of Unix, which he dubbed Linux. Torvalds released version 0.02 of Linux under the GNU General Public License, which provides a good legal definition of open source software. A lot of people around the world downloaded Linux and began working with it. Many of these users were programmers in their own right and made modifications to the source code that Torvalds had included. Over the next three years, Torvalds received these modified versions from the other programmers and incorporated many of the changes into the baseline version and released Linux version 1.0 in A common concern for end-users who wish to use open source software is the lack of a warranty and technical support. Because the software's license encourages modification and customization, it is nearly impossible to support. This is why Red Hat Software, founded in 1994, created the "Official Red Hat

2 Linux" and is able to sell this normally "free" software. The main value that Red Hat adds to the package is a warranty and technical support. For most businesses, the assurance of technical support has been a key factor in the decision to buy Linux instead of simply downloading it for free. In addition to Red Hat, there are several other companies that have packaged Linux, usually with additional software, for resale. Besides Linux, Mozilla (Netscape browser core), Apache (Web server), PERL (Web scripting language) and PNG (graphics file format) are all examples of very popular software that is based on open source. tao246.htm&url=http://www.howstuffworks.com/que stion435.htm 1. De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo do texto, é possível afirmar que o termo compiled, no fragmento...compiled readyto-run version, significa que a) o código fonte foi desenvolvido apenas para fazer downloads. b) o código aberto foi desenvolvido para o programa atual. c) a versão já está atualizada para rodar softwares livres. d) o código fonte já foi convertido para a linguagem de máquina. e) a linguagem de máquina já foi traduzida para o código fonte. 2. Releia o fragmento abaixo e indique a alternativa que apresenta o sentido equivalente, em português. It is extremely difficult to modify the compiled version of most applications and nearly impossible to see exactly how the developer created different parts of the program. a) Os desenvolvedores de softwares modificam as versões do programa de forma extremamente difícil, de maneira que é praticamente impossível perceber exatamente como foram criadas as diferentes partes do programa. b) É muito complicado modificar a versão compilada da maioria das aplicações e 2 praticamente impossível perceber, com exatidão, como o desenvolvedor criou diferentes partes do programa. c) É extremamente difícil compilar a versão modificada de grandes aplicações e impossível perceber, com exatidão, como o desenvolvedor criou diferentes partes do programa. d) É muito complicado converter aplicações compiladas em grande parte das versões porque o desenvolvedor não percebe exatamente o passo-a-passo do programa. e) Os desenvolvedores de softwares consideram extremamente difícil converter códigos-fonte em versões compiladas. 3. In the excerpt Most commercial software manufacturers see this as an advantage that keeps other companies from copying their code and using it in a competing product, this refers to a) commercial software. b) software manufacturer. c) the difficulty in modifying the compiled version. d) the advantage that keeps other companies from copying their code. e) the code of competing product. 4. One of the advantages of the Open Source is that a) the user can modify the source code, which makes the application completely free of errors after some time. b) only the developer can modify the source code, which makes the user safer from making mistakes. c) the user can develop a source code, which modifies the compiled version. d) the user, who is unable to modify the source code, is a potential developer. e) the user can download, over a long term, a new version of the compiled version. 5. Observe os enunciados abaixo que indicam alguns critérios que devem ser estabelecidos para que um software seja considerado como um Open Source. I- O programa deve ser distribuído livremente.

3 II- O código fonte deve estar disponível. III- Apenas as pessoas autorizadas podem modificar o código fonte. IV- As versões modificadas podem ser redistribuídas. V- Há algumas restrições para programas que são distribuídos juntos com o programa licenciado. Em relação aos enunciados acima e, de acordo com o texto, é verdadeiro afirmar que a) todos os enunciados estão b) apenas os enunciados I e III estão c) apenas os enunciados III e V estão d) apenas os enunciados II e IV estão e) apenas os enunciados II e V estão 6. In the sentence: It can be part of a package that is sold though, such as Red Hat has done with Linux in the example below, though has the same meaning as a) although. b) even though. c) however d) nevertheless. e) also. 7. What is the most appropriate meaning of dubbed in the sentence which he dubbed Linux? a) Something that can be copied onto another program. b) Something that can be understood in more than one way. c) To copy a language from a program onto another program. d) To change the original spoken language into another language. e) To give something or someone a name that describes them in some way. 8. Mark the alternative that expresses correctly one of the drawbacks of using open source softwares for end-users. a) If there is a problem, the user cannot count on technical support. 3 b) If there is a problem, the technical support is not trustworthy. c) If the user modifies anything, he must change the software s license. d) It is impossible to replace the software after a year, due to its warranty. e) It is impossible to customize the softwares. 9. Qual o principal papel desempenhado pela Red Hat Software? a) Implantar a distribuição oficial do Linux. b) Viabilizar a comercialização de suporte técnico e customização de softwares livres. c) Oferecer suporte técnico gratuito aos usuários do Linux. d) Facilitar o download de softwares livres. e) Estabelecer a concorrência no mercado de software livre. 10. The main purpose of the text is a) to provide some information about open source softwares. b) to persuade people to use open source softwares. c) to sell users open source softwares. d) to make users download open source softwares. e) to inform users about the benefits of Linux. Text 2 - Ericsson & Intel Can Remotely Lock Laptops Thursday, December 11, by Daniel A. Begun Ericsson and Intel have announced that they are collaborating on a way to keep your laptop's contents safe when your laptop goes MIA. Using Intel's Anti-Theft Technology - PC Protection (Intel AT-p) and Ericsson's Mobile Broadband (HSPA) modules, lost or stolen laptops cans be remotely "locked." Similar to Lenovo's recently announced Lockdown Now PC technology, the Ericsson-Intel technology uses SMS messages sent directly to a laptop's mobile broadband chip. Once the chip receives the lock-down message, it passes it to the Intel AT-p function, which is integrated into Intel's Centrino 2 with vpro technology platform. "When a loss or theft is detected, Intel Anti- Theft PC Protection technology can lock the

4 laptop, rendering it useless, by blocking the boot process, and when working in conjunction with third-party encryption hardware or software can protect data by deleting cryptographic keys or similar essential code for decryption." Unlike Lenovo's anti-theft solution, the Ericsson module includes GPS functionality. The example that Ericsson uses in its press release as to how the integrated GPS could be utilized is that if a laptop is moved outside of a pre-defined area (a "geo-fence"), the laptop would automatically lock itself down. We image that the GPS could also be used to allow law enforcement to track down the location of stolen laptops as well. Of course, for the GPS function to actually work, the laptop would have to be outdoors or near a window with a southern exposure; so while the GPS functionality is a nice added value, its practical usage is somewhat limited. Once a laptop is recovered, another SMS message can be sent to the laptop to unlock it. One potential limitation to these designs is that the laptops have to be powered on in order to receive the SMS "kill" message. So if an enterprising thief is aware of the antitheft technology, he might be able to disable the remote functionality simply by removing or disabling the broadband module. Therefore, if you are concerned about your data falling into the wrong hands, you'd be well advised to also password protect your laptop in both hardware and software, encrypt the hard drive, and even set up a policy that locks the laptop after repeated failed log-in attempts. Ericsson states that its anti-theft technology will be available in Centrino 2-based laptops by the second half of Remotely-Lock-Laptops/ 11. The aim of the text is a) to inform about Centrino 2. b) to give a SMS "kill" message. c) to disable a broadband module. d) to announce a new PC protection technology. e) to present GPS functionality. 12. According to the context, what does MIA (1 st paragraph) stand for? a) Missing In Action. b) Made In America. c) Mobile Intelligent Agent. d) Modal Interval Analysis. e) Multiplex Interface Adapter. 13. Assinale a alternativa que indica as semelhanças entre as tecnologias Lenovo e Ericsson & Intel. a) Ambas recebem uma mensagem da função Intel AT-p. b) Ambas bloqueiam o laptop após receberem uma mensagem SMS. c) Ambas são desconectadas da funcionalidade do GPS. d) Ambas utilizam a funcionalidade GPS. e) Ambas são bloqueadas pelo sistema Intel s Centrino Os enunciados abaixo indicam alguns mecanismos de atuação da tecnologia de proteção Intel Anti-Theft PC, quando é detectado perda ou roubo do equipamento. I- Há o bloqueio do processo de inicialização. II- Exclui chaves de codificação. III- Inclui códigos de decifração. IV Desbloqueia o laptop tornando-o inutilizável. De acordo com o texto, marque a alternativa apropriada. a) Apenas os enunciados I e III estão corretos. b) Apenas os enunciados II e IV estão corretos. c) Apenas os enunciados III e IV estão corretos. d) Apenas os enunciados I e II estão corretos. e) Apenas os enunciados II e III estão corretos. 15. What is the difference between Lenovo s and Ericsson & Intel s technologies? a) Lenovo s computer is locked down when moved outside of a pre-defined area. b) Ericsson & Intel s computer receive a SMS message in order to unlock the computer. c) Lenovo incorporates GPS functionality. 4

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