Dorello's canal an occasional opening in the temporal bone through which the abducens nerve and inferior petrosal sinus enter the cavernous sinus.

facial canal a canal for the facial nerve in the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

femoral canal the medial part of the femoral sheath lateral to the base of the lacunar ligament.

Gartner's canal a closed rudimentary duct, lying parallel to the uterine tube, into which the transverse ducts of the epoöphoron open; it is the remains of the part of the mesonephros that participates in formation of the reproductive organs.

genital canal any canal for the passage of ova or for copulatory use.

haversian canal any of the anastomosing channels of the haversian system in compact bone, containing blood and lymph vessels and nerves.

Huguier's canal a small canal opening into the facial canal just before its termination, transmitting the chorda tympani nerve.

Huschke's canal a canal formed by the tubercles of the tympanic ring, usually disappearing during childhood.

hyaloid canal a passage running from in front of the optic disk to the lens of the eye; in the fetus, it transmits the hyaloid artery.

hypoglossal canal an opening in the occipital bone, transmitting the hypoglossal nerve and a branch of the posterior meningeal artery.

incisive canals the small canals opening into the incisive fossa of the hard palate, transmitting the nasopalatine nerves.

infraorbital canal a small canal running obliquely through the floor of the orbit, transmitting the infraorbital vessels and nerve.

inguinal canal the oblique passage in the lower anterior abdominal wall, through which passes the round ligament of the uterus in the female, and the spermatic cord in the male.

interdental canals channels in the alveolar process of the mandible between the roots of the central and lateral incisors, for passage of anastomosing blood vessels between the sublingual and inferior dental arteries.

interfacial canals a labyrinthine system of expanded intercellular spaces between desmosomes.

canal

adductor canal

A connective tissue channel, through which the femoral artery, femoral vein, and saphenous nerve pass inside the lower half of the inner thigh between the femoral triangle and the popliteal fossa. The channel is surrounded by the vastus medialis, adductor longus, and adductor magnus muscles, and it is covered by the sartorius muscle.

Alcock canal

alimentary canal

The digestive tract from the mouth through the anus.

alveolar canal

In the skull, any of the two or three channels leading from small holes along the middle of the infratemporal surface of the maxilla. These channels transmit the posterior superior alveolar blood vessels and nerves, which supply the upper molars and their surrounding gums.

Synonym: superior alveolar canal ; maxillary canal

ANAL CANAL

anal canal

The 4 cm long terminal section of the large intestine, beginning where the rectum passes downward and forward through the pelvic diaphragm and ending in the anus. The entire length of the anal canal is surrounded by sphincter muscles, and the canal remains closed except during defecation and passage of flatus.

See: illustration

Arnold canal

atrioventricular canal

In the embryo, the segment of the heart tube between the developing atria and ventricles. This segment will eventually give rise to the mitral and tricuspid valves and to portions of the interatrial and interventricular septa.

auditory canal

birth canal

The passageway comprising the cervix, vagina, and vulva, through which the products of conception, including the fetus, pass during labor and birth.

bony semicircular canal

Any of several canals located in the bony labyrinth of the internal ear and enclosing the three semicircular ducts (superior, posterior, and lateral) that open into the vestibule. They are enclosed within the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

carotid canal

The channel followed by the internal carotid artery (and its accompanying sympathetic nerves) as it passes through the bone of the skull. The oval external opening is in the petrous portion of the temporal bone just in front of the opening to the jugular canal. The carotid canal runs forward until, passing over the foramen lacerum, it turns up and opens into the middle cranial fossa along a groove at the base of the sella turcica.

central canal of bone

The Haversian canal of an osteon.

central canal of neural tube

The central lumen of the neural tube of the embryo. It is lined by the foot-processes of radial glial cells. Later, the central canal of the neural tube will become the ependyma-lined ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the medulla of the brainstem.

central canal of spinal cord

The remnant of the lumen of the neural tube. Largely obliterated in the adult spinal cord.

cervical canal

The passageway through the center of the cervix.

Cloquet canal

cochlear canal

Within the petrous portion of the temporal bone of the skull, the spiral space forming the outer wall the cochlea. This canal is a short spiral bony tube. Three fluid-filled, membranous tubes spiral fill the cochlear canal: the cochlear duct, containing the auditory receptor cells (the organ of Corti), is sandwiched between the scala vestibuli above and the scala tympani below. The cochlear canal is one segment of an interconnected series of bone cavities called the bony (osseus) labyrinth, which encloses the vestibulo-cochlear sensory apparatus of the inner ear. See: cochlea

condylar canal

A hole in the occipital bone of the skull for passage of the emissary vein from the transverse sinus. It opens anterior to the occipital condyle.

Dorello canal

ethmoidal canal

Either of two grooves running transversely across the lateral mass of the ethmoid bone to the cribriform plate and lying between the ethmoid and frontal bones. The anterior ethmoidal canal transmits the anterior ethmoidal vessels and the nasociliary nerve; the posterior ethmoidal canal transmits the posterior ethmoidal vessels and nerve.

external auditory canal

The open, tubular passageway from the pinna (auricle) of the ear to the tympanic membrane (ear drum). It is lined by thin, sensitive skin, which continues as the outer covering of the tympanic membrane. Its outer edge is a channel in the temporal bone of the skull. The cartilage inside the pinna extends as a middle layer between the skin and the bone in the first third of the canal.

facial canal

The tunnel followed by the facial nerve through the temporal bone. Inside the skull, the facial canal begins in the internal auditory canal; outside the skull, it ends at the stylomastoid foramen. Within the bone, the canal makes two bends as it bypasses the inner ear. The first bend houses the geniculate ganglion, which sends sensory axons toward the brainstem as the intermediate component of the facial nerve. Near the second bend, the facial nerve gives off a branch to the stapedius muscle. In the final segment of the canal, the facial nerve gives off the chorda tympani nerve; thus, only motor axons remain as the facial nerve exits the canal.

fallopian canal

A canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The facial nerve passes through it.

gastric canal

Guyon canal

Haversian canal

In compact bone, tiny channels in the center of concentric cylinders of mineralized tissue. Nerves and blood vessels run through these channels, all of which interconnect. Each Haversian canal is the center of an osteon. See: bone; Havers, Clopton

Huguier canal

Hunter canal

Huschke canal

hyaloid canal

Canalis hyaloideus; a canal in the vitreous body of the eye extending from the optic papilla to the central posterior surface of the lens. It serves as a lymph channel. In the fetus the canal contains the hyaloid artery. This normally disappears 6 weeks before birth.

hypoglossal canal

A hole in the skull, just above the foramen magnum in the occipital bone, through which the hypoglossal nerve and a branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery pass.

inferior alveolar canal

infraorbital canal

An anterior-posterior bony canal or groove in the floor of the orbit. The infraorbital artery and nerve run in this canal, which opens anteriorly as the infraorbital foramen.

INGUINAL CANAL/ SPERMATIC CORD CONTENTS

inguinal canal

A tube made of the transversalis fascia and the aponeuroses of the abdominal wall muscles just above the inguinal ligament. The inguinal canal is a cylindrical passageway 4 cm long from the retroperitoneal space to the subcutaneous fascia. It begins at the deep (internal) inguinal ring inside the abdominal wall, approx. halfway between the anterior superior spine of the iliac bone and the pubic symphysis, 0.50 in (1.25 cm) above the inguinal ligament. It continues downward and toward the midline, and it ends at the superficial (external) inguinal ring under the skin at the pubic crest. The inguinal canal contains an outpouching of the peritoneum, blood and lymph vessels, and the ilioinguinal nerve. In males, it contains the spermatic cord; in females, it contains the round ligament of the uterus.

mandibular incisive canal

maxillary canal

maxillary incisive canal

One of the two channels connecting the incisive fossa (incisive foramen), in the palate behind the upper incisors, and the nasal floor. It contains the nasal terminations of the greater palatine artery and nasopalatine nerve.

medullary canal

The marrow cavity of long bones.

membranous semicircular canal

nasolacrimal canal

A small bony passageway in the skull inside the medial wall of the orbit between the lacrimal bone and the maxilla. Its top opens into the nasolacrimal fossa, a bony depression in lower medial corner of the front of the orbit. Its bottom opens into the nasal cavity under the inferior nasal concha. It contains the membranous nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears from the eye. Synonym: lacrimal canal

neurenteric canal

A temporary canal in the vertebrate embryo between the neural and intestinal tubes. It is the temporary communication between cavities of the yolk sac and the amnion.

Nuck canal

nutrient canal

obturator canal

An opening in the obturator membrane of the hip bone that transmits the obturator vessels and nerve.

optic canal

In the skull, a roughly spherical opening through the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone connecting the middle cranial fossa and the superior-medial edge of the back of the orbit. The optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery pass through the optic canal.

greater palatine canal

In the skull, a thin vertical channel between the nasal surface of the maxillary bone and the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone that contains the greater (anterior) and lesser (middle and posterior) palatine nerves and the greater and lesser palatine vessels.

pericardioperitoneal canal

Petit canal

pharyngeal canal

A canal between the sphenoid and palatine bones that transmits branches of the sphenopalatine vessels.

pleuroperitoneal canal

A tubular space extending ventrally and laterally from the coelom inside each half of the embryo and destined to form the pleural cavity for the lung.

Synonym: pericardioperitoneal canal

portal canal

The connective tissue (a continuation of Glisson capsule) and its contained vessels (interlobular branches of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct and lymphatic vessel) located between adjoining liver lobules.

pterygoid canal

In the skull, a small horizontal channel beginning inside the canal of the foramen lacerum (in the middle cranial fossa), passing through the root of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, and opening into the pterygopalatine fossa behind and below the medial wall of the orbit. It transmits the pterygoid nerve and vessels to the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Synonym: vidian canal

pterygopalatine canal

Canalis palatinus major, a canal between the maxillary and palatine bones that transmits the descending palatine nerves and artery.

pudendal canal

A tunnel inside the obturator fascia along the lower pelvic surface of the internal obturator muscle and running along the inner lower edge of the ramus of the ischium. It contains the pudendal nerve and vessels.

sacral canal

canal of Schlemm

semicircular canal

One of the three perpendicular tubular hollows, each forming two-thirds of a circle, that extend from the vestibule of the labyrinth in the inner ear. The semicircular canals are the bony shells that contain the similarly shaped semicircular ducts, membranous sensory organs that detect the angular acceleration and the orientation of the head.

spinal canal

spiral canal of the cochlea

spiral canal of the modiolus

Canalis spiralis modioli; a series of irregular spaces that follow the course of the attached margin of the osseous spiral lamina to the modiolus. They transmit filaments of the cochlear nerve and blood vessels. The spiral ganglion lies in the spiral canal.

vidian canal

Volkmann canals

canal

duct, channel

canal

A tubular channel which allows the passage of air, food, blood, excretions, secretions, or anatomical structures such as nerves or blood vessels.Cloquet's canalSeehyaloid canal.Hannover's canal A space about the equator of the crystalline lens made up between the anterior and posterior parts of the zonule of Zinn and containing aqueous humour and zonular fibres (Fig. C1).hyaloid canal A channel in the vitreous humour, running from the optic disc to the crystalline lens. In fetal life this canal contains the hyaloid artery, which nourishes the lens, but it usually disappears prior to birth. Syn. central canal; Cloquet's canal; Stilling's canal. Seehyaloid remnant.infraorbital canal A channel beginning at the infraorbital groove in the floor of the orbit and ending at the infraorbital foramen of the maxillary bone opening onto the face below the inferior orbital margin. It is a channel for the infraorbital artery and the infraorbital nerve.nasolacrimal canalSeeTable O4.optic canal A canal leading from the middle cranial fossa to the apex of the orbit in the small wing of the sphenoid bone through which pass the optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery. Syn. optic foramen. SeeTable O4.canal of Petit A space between the posterior fibres of the zonule of Zinn and the anterior surface of the vitreous humour (Fig. C1).Schlemm's canal A circular venous sinus located in the corneoscleral junction, anterior to the scleral spur and receiving aqueous humour from the anterior chamber and discharging into the aqueous and the anterior ciliary veins (Fig. C1). Syn. scleral sinus; sinus circularis iridis; sinus venosus sclerae; venous circle of Leber. Seetrabecular meshwork; scleral spur; aqueous vein.Stilling's canalSeehyaloid canal.

ca·nal

canal,

n the portion of the root that contains the pulp tissue and is surrounded by dentin.

canal, accessory root,

n a lateral branching of the main root canal, usually occurring in the apical third of the root. Also called lateral canal.

canal, alimentary,

n the entire digestive route, beginning at the oral cavity and ending at the anus, in which food enters, nourishment is extracted, and waste products are expelled.

canal, branching,

n See canal, collateral pulp.

canal, calcified,

n a root canal that has been subjected to calcification, the hardening of decaying of dead soft tissue.

canal, collateral pulp (branching canal),

n a pulp canal branch that emerges from the root at a place other than the apex.

canal, interdental (nutrient canal),

n the nutrient channels that pass upward through the body of the mandible. Present as radiolucent lines on radiographs.

canal, mandibular,

n a channel extending from the mandibular foramen on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible to the mental foramen. It contains mandibular blood vessels (arteries and veins) and a portion of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, the incisive nerve, and the inferior alveolar nerve.

canal, nutrient,

n See canal, interdental.

canal, pulp,

n the space in the radicular portion of the tooth occupied by the pulp.

canal, root,

n See canal, pulp.

canal, root, measurements,

n.pl a technique employing the use of radiographs to determine the length of the root canal.

the terminal portion of the alimentary canal, from the rectum to the anus.

atrioventricular canal

the common canal connecting the primitive atrium and ventricle; it sometimes persists as a congenital anomaly.

birth canal

the canal through which the fetus passes in birth.

carotid canal

one in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone, transmitting the internal carotid artery to the cranial cavity.

carpal canal

on the palmar surface of the equine carpus where the carpal groove is converted into a canal by the flexor retinaculum which stretches from the accessory carpal bone to the medial side of the carpus. It houses the flexor tendons.

central brain canal

lumen of the neural tube of the embryo within the brain.

cervical canal

the part of the uterine cavity lying within the cervix.

condyloid canal

in the occipital bone; transmits a vein.

canal of Corti

a space between the outer and inner rods of Corti.

external ear canal

the canal from the external auditory meatus to the eardrum.

facial canal

osseous tube in the temporal bone that transmits the facial nerve.

femoral canal

in the groin on the medial aspect of the thigh; contains the femoral artery and vein.

c's of Gartner

in the ventral wall of the vagina; they are remnants of the mesonephric ducts and very variable in their occurrence. Called also ductus epoophori longitudinales.

openings between the bile canaliculi and the cholangioles, the terminal ducts of the biliary duct system. Called also cholangiole.

hyaloid canal

central canal of the vitreous humor running from the lens to the optic disk.

hypoglossal canal

an opening in the occipital bone, transmitting the hypoglossal nerve and a branch of the posterior meningeal artery; called also anterior condyloid foramen.

infraorbital canal

a canal running obliquely from the front of the orbit to the side of the muzzle, transmitting the infraorbital vessels and nerve. In the horse it passes through the maxillary sinus.

inguinal canal

the oblique passage in the caudal abdominal wall on either side, through which passes the round ligament of the uterus in some females such as the bitch and the spermatic cord in the males.

intestinal canal

small and large intestines.

lacrimal canal

the nasolacrimal canal.

lateral canal

a small canal in the root of a tooth which emerges on the side, rather than the apex. Called also accessory canal.

mandibular canal

a passageway within the mandible for conduction of the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve; the inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandibular canal through the mandibular foramen and exits at the mental foramen supplying nerves to the lower cheek teeth in passing.

medullary canal

1. vertebral canal.

2. the cavity, containing marrow, in the diaphysis of a long bone; called also marrow or medullary cavity.

metatarsal canal

formed by the metatarsal fascia on the plantar aspect of the chief metatarsal bone of the horse; transmits the tendons of the digital flexor muscles.

modiolar canal

in the cochlea of the internal ear; it transmits blood vessels and nerves to the cochlea.

nasolacrimal canal

in the maxilla it transmits the nasolacrimal duct.

nutrient c's

large vascular canals through the cortex of bones. See also haversian canal.

omasal canal

the direct passage through the omasum from the reticulum to the abomasum.

optic canal

a passage for the optic nerve through the cranium into the orbit.

palatine canal

formed by the maxilla and the palatine bone; transmits the palatine artery and nerve.

the venous sinus of the sclera, a circular canal at the junction of the sclera and cornea that receives the aqueous humour. Called also scleral venous sinus.

semicircular c's

the canals (anterior, lateral and posterior) of the bony labyrinth of the ear. See also semicircular canals.

spinal canal, vertebral canal

the canal formed by the series of vertebral foramina together, enclosing the spinal cord and meninges.

supraorbital canal

in the frontal bone; transmits the frontal vein, passing through the zygomatic process to the orbital cavity.

tarsal canal

formed by the plantar annular ligament of the tarsus which roofs over the tarsal groove; transmits the deep digital flexor tendon and plantar vessels.

triosseus canal

the foramen at the junction of the coracoid, clavicle and scapula which transmits the tendon of a flight muscle, the supracoracoideus, in the avian skeleton.

vertebral canal

spinal canal.

Volkmann's c's

canals communicating with the haversian canals, for passage of blood vessels through bone from the periosteum.

Patient discussion about canal

Q. How much does a root canal hurt? I have to get a root canal for my bottom tooth. I was wondering how much they hurt. And do you have any suggestions that help distract from the pain? Thanks.

A. i did one about two years ago- even the injection wasn't too bad! didn't feel a thing. but after the anesthesia worn off it hurt. but then the dentist told me to take Advil or any other NSAID and it helped.

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