death of all members of a species

Microevolution

change within a population or species

Macroevolution

change to a new population or species

Coevolution

species adjust together to maintain relationship

Convergent Evolution

similar phenotypes arise in unrelated species as a result of environmental similarities

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Divergent Evolution

different phenotypes arise as related species encounter environmental similarities

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Allopatric Speciation

occurs a result of geographical isolation, one group separates from the population, separate evolutionary pressures cause different genetic changes in both groups, most common mechanism

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Sympatric Speciation

occurs in the same location, due to ecological isolation or polyploidy

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Speciation by Polyploidy

occurs for plants that have a sudden change in numbers of chromosome sets (chromosomes duplicate but do not separate, continued breeding with the offspring of a plant whose chromosomes duplicated but did not separate)

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Premating Isolating Mechanism

prevent mating between individuals of different species

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Postmating Isolating Mechanism

interferes with development, viability, or fertility, or offspring from matings between species

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Behavioral Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

species-specific signals and elaborate behaviors to attract mates

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Ecological Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

difference in way of life

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Ecological Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

difference in way of life

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Geographical Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

the separation of two populations of the same species or breeding group by a physical barrier

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Mechanical Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

differences in structure of sexual organs

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Temporal Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

difference in timing

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Gametic Incompatibility (Postmating Isolating Mechanism)

the sperm of one species will not fertilize the egg of another species