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Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1861-04-30

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- ,"'.."r'"t:"""Ti': .r'w V kit vTTT -.; ' '"S i i I . - v a 1 4 VOLUIE XXV; MOtJNT VERNON; OHIO ,30;-1861. NTJMIiER 2; V . J- 35 32. HT 3 S5 353 3Cj 3Lb f ; . . WHOLESALE AKD HETAIL v . . O. 1, BUCKINGHAM'S BUILDTNd, Ulaln Street, Mount Vernon, Olllb. ' tTHEEE MAY BE FOUND A COMPLETE STOCK Of Drugs . Medicines, Chemicals. Paints. Oils. Dye Stuffs, VARNISHES, TURPE.NTINE, BHUSHES, ALCOHOL, BURMSG FLUID, CAMPHEJfE, PERFUMERY, FA 5fCY ARTICLES, &c. Dealers nd Coniumen can rely n the genniBcnecv of all articles tbat come from raf Eetblit,h-ment umoitdftheo are boorbt direct of the lmpoitera or Manufiteturen. All Good:VarrnU4 a represented, ana lor aj aa coeap mm am canfu . BOOTS AND SHOES, J1ES, WOMEN; BOYS, ivx i o g :ej si j dlilLlillENi AND I" ;: INFANTS. A Lurge Stock and eheap i - MILLER A WHITE'S, Mt. Vernon, May 17, 1860-tf. KNOX COUNTY D RUGr STORE. JAMES BLANCH ARB, TVholesale and Retail Dcnlc IN Drugs and Medicines, MAINSTREET, MTi VERNON, OniO. bRUGS, MEDICINES, CHE.MICALP, TUTTY rint8 Oils, Yarn iKbes, Brashes and Ire StuflV, rURE WINES AND .BRANDIES FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES ONLY, PERFUMERY, oOAF AN D F AN C Y AR T I C L E S SKUFF AND CIGARS, FAMILY MEDICINES, febRNErrs cocoine?.; ' J BURNETT)S kOlXlSTON, "BURNETT '3 LOR1MEL, Poal OIL And coal ojl lamps. ,-; i.-'vi r jAnracTnE or . fiANCHAllD'S INDIAN LINIMENT AND v u - AMi2f0NlAN COlIGri BALSOM. 1 Particular oar in eompoandlntc' Physicians Prescription aid ia preparinx reeip of all kinds 1000 YARDS CARPETING, ' from csr.Ta:TO &1.50 PER TD.i ' LSO OIL CLOTHS, MATTING AND HEARTH Kujr,. at Manufacturers Frices. at May 15.1860. . , " WARNER MILLER'S. tTtTf rail Tor Lincoln nnd CliO Coal : : -- .Oil Trauol O . MT. LIPPITT has DUt tha nrfM f Otl Oa itwn to 80 cants per gallcn, and Lamps 20ctav tower tbaa cau be bad any place la the city bav also just received another fioe assortcuant ot Umpf, ' Heavy Lamps, Chimneys, Globe, 4c, and also Cp1 ,Oif Burners of diorent sixes by which you ean en-' vert your fluid and all other kinds of Lamps Into Coal Oil Lamps, without mu'oh cost." .Wa will ir arners without, eharge.- Country u&iclMAtM tap. . jUad at eery low figttrea".- - - ' CsJl aad examine at th City Drutr Store. " JmlV A, W. LIPPITT. i"" tui o-t KEW GOODS I1 HE NEW STO EE G. i W. D. BROWNING, Arc jutt openiog an additional itock of NEW AND BEAUTIFUL GOODS Just purcbated at the erry lowest figures and p th lateat - NEW YORK STYLES, Which they are now prepared to offer their Friends, Cutn3erc and the public, on tearini as favorable su any House in this nectitm of tbe country in lki particular they do not intrnd to be outrfon. . ' Araontr their new clock will be found FREiNCH REPS. CASH MIERS, MERINOS, VaLEN'CIKS, MOHAIRjS,-DELAIN3, FRENCH & ENGLISH PRINTS, and a rariety of OTHER STYLES OF URE8S GOODS too numerous to mention. They weuld also call far(iouIar attcStiou t thir STOCK Or SHAWLS, which for tbeir sty les and quality, AT THE PRICE are not to be exceeded. They bavt also a freb supply f - lilliBONS AND DRESS TRIMMINGS. A fine assortmcu't of Ladles' and Children's Hoods. Please rail and examine tbeni. For Gentlemen, they have a good. fresh stock of - ... MENS WE A It, which for price and quality are not to bo Lcat in this market. SO- T II E Y T 41 I N K ! They have also on band aoiMlstnck of LADIES, CHILDUKN'f- and QESTLEM EN'S HOOTS 4D SHOES, of nearly every kind which they are oflerinsr at every low pri,ei. G. & W: D. BPkOWNlNG. JNov20.tr. TEMPLE OF ART! I desire to inform the pablie that my Splcudid Suit, of Photofiapb. ltobrns ARB COMPLETED! And now open Tor the reception of visitors. It is needless to comment upn ny work, as it recommends itself. .1 make Photographs from small miniatures to LIFE-SIZE, PLAIN or BE UTIFULLY FINISHED IN OIL, Water Colors, or If'-you have an old Duguerreetype or Ambrotype of a deceased friend, (no matter bow poor), it cau be enlarged to any sic) and colored trae to nature. I wish particularly to impress upon the miud of the publio this important branch uf Photography. I employ Mr. HALL, yf Cleveland, tbe acknowledged best C01.0UIST in Northern Ohio.; Specimens of old pictures enlarged can be seen at niy Gallery. AMBROTYPES And all small work done on short notice. Te extend a cordial invitation to all to call and exaiuine Sj'j-fMim-nn. ROOMS Corner Main and Gambler Streets, over Taylor, (Jan It A Co.' (or. utrauce same as Dr. Keli"' Denial Roa.uij'. N. H. The class of pictures termed 25 eent pie-turef positively not taken al these rooms. novia-ty. X. E LEWIS " -i M ' ,ii Dufif & JlcCoy'K COMMUCIAEL COLLEGE, COLUMBL'S, OHIO, TIIE.tliorouh maraer in which Students of this Inrtitutiou are drilled in all the routine of bu-siccss, bas gained for it tbo proud diatiuctioH of Tlie Business Marts College! Tbo eourre of Study is fall and thoroughly practical. All the late forius and improve tnefcua are introduced, and the Faculty will guarantee any one after be has eompleUd the course, to be fully qualified to keep the books of any business house. Daily Lectures delivered on Book-keeping, Pen tnaftbhip,' Commercial Calculations, Commercial Law P'iUtical Economy, Elocution, Jte. teunr: ' - For toll and anlituitrd Conrae, $40.1 Students can enter at any tiino and review at plea, sure. . The usual time to complete the eousa is from 8 to 10 weeks. Good bearding can be i$2, 50 per week. Cost of Hooks, Diploma. ., fire dollars: For full particular, adaress uov fi MeCOY A Co., Colurobn. 0. Gin us u iteiueulul AgreuC. TFn&-iF.t.inmns tonio stimulant. ESPECIALLY designed for the H of Medieal Profes lion and tbo Family, baring superseded the to-ealleo. . " Gint," " Arotnatio." Medioated," - fcconiipps - (., u now endorsed by all or the pro. mioant phyiciaas, chemists and connoisseurs, as possessing ail of those intrinsie ntedioioal qualities (tonia and diuretic) which belong to the OLD and PUKE Gin. Put up ia quart botUet aad (old bj all druggists, grocers, te. " . v V , , A. if. BlyfSGEB J cp (EsUblUbt ia 1778.) 6ol. P,priator, ' w " v 1 Broad wrraat, N. Y." Ourlonc exnerianM fVi!.-J lli.'v n. 1" quiremeute of -Drurslsta. A vIT,. . facilities, enabli u."to frnlh tb..TVL-v"" , quers for laadieal and family M. ja32-yl AMBKOTIPJES AND MELAINOTYPES.- - ' i- Is G .A 2XcOO!SAtnr,v . i. , r SUCCESSOU t Power A -MeDonald'reapeetfuUy announces to the citizens of Jdt. Yarnoai and fieinitv, that be still continues to take Ambro. ilelainotypes.lo the best style of art,' at his room g 'to Woodward Block. Froua a long experience l asiaesa be flatters himself that be will giva entire satistaetioB U all vba saay fvEbinvHb business Prices as low as the lowesU Pleasa give me a'esJI "gaging pietuxes aXMWAare. (.aaitc war material. The recent warlike mavetnenU in ibis ad for eigu countries have caused extensive preparations in all quarters for turning oat war material, to be used in case of an emergency, and great profi ciancy has been obtained in the manoacture of garrison and seacoast defences, among wbicb may be enumerated heavy Columbiada, Dablgreen guns, mortars, howitzers, and rocket batteries. To gi ve some idea of the great proficiency in. tbe art of warfare, we must compare tbe warlike tm pie meats of centuries gone bj" with those ot the present day and generation, and we will com mence by a f;w introductory remarks relative to the ware material of earlier generations. The principal military engines of. the Romans were the b&luta and the catapolata. The balista was used for throwing large stones, and is said to have been invented bj the Phoenicians, while the catapulta was used for throwing darts ; axd some writers report that both these engines of destruction were of Sicillian manufacture. Others were invented afterward for throwing fire. stones, javelins, &C-, Ac; and history states that one of the machines used by Edward I. at the seige of the Castle of Stirling thew stones weigh ing over 300 lbs. The explosive force of guu powder was known to Bacon in the twelfth cen tury, bat it was at a considerable later period th tt fire arms' began to. supersede tbe ancient ar tillery. Wo find that cannon were used by Edward III. in his first campaign against the Scots n 1.327, and tbe four cannon employed by the same monarch at the battle of Cresay in 134G, contributed i much to Ue iarprue, tiiat they occasioned to the French troops as by their ex. ecotion, to the success of the dev. The construction of the most ancient cannon we are in f irmed, was of pieces or bars of iron ; soldered to each other lengthwise and b und together by lead or iron boopi and the cannon balls used were of stoue. Caonon were first cast abjut tbe middle of the fifleetb century, about the end of which period bronze was used. Brass caDnon were first cast in England by J. Owen in 1533. A foundry w established in Edinburgh about IrVe, same lime, under James II. of Scotland. Nffrtarai w?re made in England duriug the rtigo of Henry VIII., and cast iron cannon daring the reign of Edward VL At the beginning of the fifteenth century they Legao to give, them names such as 'Falcon," 'Culverin," 'Ba8alisk,, Dragon, Syren," etc supposed to Se so called from some fanciful application to tbe in for swiftness, force, cruelly or other attributes which were a fancied resem blance. At the present day they are principally designated by weight and calibre fir instance a piece carrjing a ball weighing '.VI lbs., is called a 32-poundet; 12 lbs a 12-poubder and C lbs. a 6-pounder. A field bittery such as is usually termed light battery tonhists of six guns, comprising four six-pouifder howitzers, while a seiire battery consists of , guns of a heavier calibre, such as 18, 24, and 32 plunder; We will more particularly designated tbe different guns under their proper headings, and we will fir.t notice : 1javt ounixaxOK. Ileavy ordinance id manufactured from cast iron and brass, and of late years, of wrought iron. . Brasi fiyid piecps are made of gun.tnetal which is an alloy of two parts of copper to one tin, C.tniioii. were firmerly cast with a cave or hallow, but are now cast slid, being stronger and less liable to burst; the metal is freer from honeycombing and the bore is rendered more perfect. Iu boring cannon the gun is made to revolve about the bit or borer, the size of which issue ceasively iudreased. Tae heaviest piece of ordinance known to exist is a brass cannon at Bee- japoor, cast in memory of the capture of that plai e in 1 G85, by Alum Greer. Its length is 14 feet 1 inch, diameter of bore 2 feet 4 inches, and which requires an iron shot to fit it weighing over 1.600 -pounds. Another enormous guu, Mons. Weg," is obown to the curious traveler on the ramparts at the Castle at Edinburgh, Scot land. It is madd of iron and carried a heavy stone ball weighing over two hundred pounds; it is now only used as an ornament, being imperi feet iu it construction. One of the largest gunl made in modern times was one made for tbe British Government in 1856, by the Messrs. florae fall of Liverpoo!. Its material is wrought iron welded, 15. feet long, 3 feet 10 inches in diameter at the large end, 2 feet 10 inches at the mall end, and weighed 26 tons." It required 40 men in its construction, who were employed soveo weeks day and night, and when completed, after boring, its weight was 21 tons 13 cwt. Its capacity is for a ball weighing 302 lbs., to be propelled by a charge of 90 lbs. of powder, and its range is five miles. In America are several very heavy pieces of ordinance. A monster gun was recently cast in Pittsburgh, Pa., weighing over 20 tons in the Brooklyn Navy Yard is a heavy ship gun capable of carrying an iron or stone ball weighing over two hundred pounds. It is of wrought iron' a'od la t. companion to the celebrated M Peacemaker " which in its ex perimenta under . Commodore Stockton ou the United States steamier Prineeto'n, resulted so seriously in scattering death and , desr notion around. This gun was made of hammered wrought iron, strengthened bv iron bands, and it is snpposed that ia its construction some parts of the iron were allowed to cool too rapidly which caused it to crfstalize, thus weakening it, and at each . successive discbarge these crystals separated, honeycombing it, and caosiog il to burst. Fearful that a similar test to the remain. lag grxn woutd result ia Jtfiila'r 'saanner, eotDpaniop to the "Peacemaker? baa never been tested, svod remains ( the Brooklyn Navy J"ard as a sad: memento of tbe past, for all enquirers arei told it b the nTate to the Teacemaker,M thus bringing! flie' ta'd remtoisenceii to the mind of tbe visitor. Heavy guns for seacoast defences and naval service are oqw being used extensively by the G'oveVnm'eni 'of 'the'. United? States, and the vuiu' of our' OVdina'oce Seers to .the forttfica-' tio'ne andf ship yards of Europe Ea've feen of immense service, Within the but decade we have constructed and brought into; practical nse the heavy Coinmbiad and Dahlgreen guns, which we will speak more particularly ' hereafter. There are also n'sed 42, 32, 24, 18, 14, 6 end 4 pounder gans of brass and iron, some tor sea-cosst ana field eervice, and others for iiaVe! purpoaee. The length of sv 32'poondeir gdn, nsed on the lower of a line-of-battle ship, is 9 feet 6 inches, weigh ing 55 cwt., being about 192 limes the weight of the ball. 18 poanders, are rarely used at the present day. 12 pounders, a brass field gun, are 6 feet 6 inches in length, weighing 18 ewt-, witb a'ealibre of 4-6 in diamter. The length of 18, 12, 9, 6. and 3 poonder brass guns, is 17 eaKbre. About 18 calibres is the maximnm of (he American service, while in the Epglish it is from 14 to 16. Since the war in the Crimea, heavy aiege and naval guns have been general I v adopted, and have proved by their great force and terrible ac-utacy to be invaluable. One of lie most excellent of these war implements is the celebrated ' V ' LAVCASTKB CV. This large and effective siege gun waa invented a few years previous to the late European war, by Mr. Lancaster, an English gentleman. It is of great weight and is constructed on the principle of the application of rotating shot to guns of eliptical bore, which causes the bail to proceed like that from a rifle. They are used either for solid shot or shell, but are more successful with the spherical solid ball. Their range is from 4 J to 5 miles, and they are said to be the most effective gun in use. At ; Inkermann and Bataklava they did terrible execution, and also at the Redan mad6 terrible breaches in the works, and no forti- tification could stand against them. They are, however, not always to be relied on for accuracy and strength, but whether h is owing to their be' ing too light for their charge and weight of the ball, or the teudencj of the ball to go straight forward, and thus wedge iuetf in attempting to pas the very gradual rifle bore, is undetermined. Que oljectioo to tbem is their great weight, which is a serious impediment in tbe taansporta- lion, of a seige or a field gun ; and another disadvantage is the Cost of sustaining them, for each charge costs at the lowest calculation 20, or $100. The average cost of a Lancafister guu complete is about 200, or $10,000. Among the other rifled gens used in foreign service, are CATAILI AKD WaBREXO GVSS. These .pieces of rifled ordnance were rsted in 1846, and found to be practical. : Tney are breach loading, but. for long continued nse are not as safe as other heavy guna. -That of Cavilli is perhaps1 considered the besL,and was invented by Col. Cavilli of the Sardinia army, upon prettj-much the same principle as the Lancaster gun, consist'og of an oblong form of cast iron, pointed at the top, convex toward the powder, and having two ribs, running lengthwise to correspond with grooves in the gun. The Prussian Ordnarce Department have some few heavy rifled guns, but, as jet, they have not been snfSciantly. tested to prove a perfect success. We now turn to the ordnance department of the American Army, and notice the great improvements our scientific officers have made in heavy ordnance. The most celebrated guns used by our Government, in its fortifications and for seige and garrison purposes, is the COLCMBIAD CU'J. The Colu'ro'biad is a recently invented gun of a great range, combining the essential qoalities of tbe ordinary sea coast gun, howitzer aod mortar. They are of eihl and ten inch calibre, and are capable of projecting a solid shot or shell with a large charge of powder at an angle of from 5 deg. below to 35 deg. above the horizon. In Outer appearance the Columbiad is similar to the ordinary sea coast cannon, but in internal shape more like the howitzer. Its full range is about two miles, with an extra range of three, t'he eight-inch weighs about 9,000 fc'i. arid the charge of powder used is 10 lbs. The weight of the solid shot is 46 lbs. the shell 38 lbs. The ten-inch gun weighs 15,000 lbs. and the charge nsed is 16 lbs. of powder tie solid shot weighing 128 lbs. and the" shell 100. lbs.f In 1859. there were 2,519 eight end ten inch Columbiads and sea coast bowitzera in nse in pur fortifications, of wnicn dOd were Columbiads, and we are informed by an officer of the ordinance, that up to the present time, there are over 1,000 in nse, and new ones being . manufactured daily. Most of our heavy fortifications from Maine to Florida, have in use these terrible guns.-. . . , TBB DABLOaEEK CtX Is used for ship eervice aud naval batteries, and is the most perfect naval gnn ever coostrncted. It was invented by commandef John A. Dahlgreen of the United States Navy, to be nsed either for shell or solid shot.. Its merit consul of a reduction of the proportion of metal be tween tbe muzzle and its trunnions, which is found in gnus of the common pattern largely in excess. The greater part uf metal at the breech of a gun iustead of at the muzzle, not only gives the greater strength at the part where the danger of bursting ia the greatest, but also tends jo diminish the force T the recoil. The Pahlgreen guns are 8 and .,,1 0 inch in calibre in the ship guns, and the boat guns are of 12 and 24 Jb. cat. ibre, and are nsed for firing shells, scbrapnell and eannlster shot. So satisfied bave been the Board Of Ord nance with - the Pahlgreen 8 and 1 0 inch guns,, that, all oar new. steam sloops and gun' boats hava .been, armed, with them.4 Af hej are atmilaf Id the ColdTmbiads, their ; weight, range, and weight of shot are Dearly similar. Tbej have stood severe tests -of trial and ' proof, and e!re nndoubtedly the best cava) guns nsed in the world. Rifled cannon for field s'-rvice are Dow attracting much attention among military men. About three years since it neW model gun was Jested at Aues manufactory in Cabotville, Mass!, called '" ' " " ; ' ' ' yr:; . . .TBZ JAUCS BI7LED CAVJCOy. . ' '' f -J-' . THis new invention was' patented by General dfamea of. Rhode, Uland in 1853, and is brass field piece' f lfght batteries, riHed, an eliptical bore, with a cenical shot of curious construction-The great advantages claimed by General Barnes are, tfiat owing to tbo pccaliax coaitru'cU'ob of tbe ball iti passage thtougb the grooyed.eh amber of the piece, saves the windage, giving to the shot a greater rotation, greater force and gretev precision. Its range is 2g to 3 miles, and in the experiments tried by a board of officers convened for that purpose in 1859, one shot was made with 1 J lbs. of powder which projected a slug ball oealy 3 miles. The pressure, however, is tremendous, and it is to.be doubted, whether it would answer the purpose of firing shell without danger. It has not been adopted by our Government we believe, ajd we learn that the inventor is applying the principle to a .breech loading gun of six pounds calibre. The ball nsed isi in conical shape like the Minnie ball; hollowed out at ihe base with an air chamber, in which are grooves which presses the air by the force of the powder on to a lead and canvas covering, forcing the sheet lead into the rifled grooves of the chamber and slugging the ball, thus saving tbe widage and producing Ihe effects above described.' Whetber it will be brought into nse by onr Government remains to be seen, but it seems to be a practical gun, and we hope to learn of its success as an arm of the service! . MORTARS. Mortars are as ancient as cannon, and were employed to throw red hot iron and stones before the invention of shells. The first shells were used in 1435 when Naples was beseiged by Charles VIII, at which they were said to have made terrible havoc among Abe enemy! -They are manufactured of iron and brass. The Iron are 8 10 and 13 inch calibre and the brass 5 and 4 2 5 inch in bore. The 13 inch iron require 9 pounds to the charge; the 10 inch 4 pounds, and the 8 inch 2 pounds. The largest mortar in the world was cast by M. Mallet, for the British Gov ernment, to carry a shell weighing over 16 ton but it proved a failure. It was 36 inch bore. Mortars are very little used at tbe present time, having given place to howitzers and the uew rifled guns. " ' HOWITZERS. ' "' ' . Howitzers are pieces of ordnance of medium lenpth between tbe canon and tbe mortars, used for throwing shells or large balls at a point blank range, or a email elevation. J They are nsually made of brass. The first howitzer was said to have been invented by Belidor, in Germany, and was used at the seige oi Alh, 1667 - ITowit" zers range 32 24, 12 and 6 pounder, tbw latter size beiag used for light batteries in field service. There are also I and I J pounders, light piece a. hich are very effective in a mountainous or billy country, and are called mountain howitzers. They can.be transported by drag ropesor packed oa the backs of moles, so light is their construe- tinn. Or8Te nnd umail shot are used in tbem to defend mountain paases. . Tbey were very effect ive in the last war with Mexico, and Lieut. Ben oro, of the Ordnance department, used tbem with great success: A 32 pound howitzer requires 3 1 pounds of powder for a charge; ?4 pound howit- zers 2 pounds; a 12 pound howitzer 1 J pound, and a 6 pounder 8 or 10 ounces to a charge. Bo w i zers are used more for firing shell than the mortar, and the United States army are' provided with a largo number of seige howitzers, a very heavy gun. CARROKASE8. Carronades are skor. howitzers, first cast at tbe Carron works, from which they derived their names, .Workmeu were fir.t eoplnyed on tbes guos about tbe year 1779. They are mostly fed on ship board, and are now ab&odoned for guns of a more recent construction. The carronades nsed in the British Navy are from 4 to 5 feet in length, and of tbe calibre of from 8 to 10 inches. Most of our set vice vessels are arsied with carronades, which are daily being displaced by the terrible Columbiads and the formidable Dablgreen guns. Having thus spoken of heavy ord nance we will now notice V ','.- PROJECTILES OF WAR. Projectiles of war are round shot, spherical case shot, shell, echtapnell, grape, cannister and chain shot. A shell is a hollow sphere of iron filled with guDpowder, iron, balls, Jcc, fired from a howitzer, mortar or Columbiad. The charge is introduced into a bole about an inch in diam-eter, d fired by means of a "use the fuse is a tube of wovd or compotition filled, with mealed with mealed powder, sulphur and saltpeter and is cut at Just tbe length the shell is calculated to explode. GreaV precision and accuracy have been attained in the measuring and calculation ofdistauces by scientific artillerists, and such is the precision by whieh tbey are fired that a skill ful gunner can place his shot or shell within an inch or two of the object he wishes his shell to atrilie, fachrapnell Shell's are shells filled with" a quantity of musket balls, wh ch when tbo shell explodes are projected about 150 yards further. Tbey are fired with guns, mortars and howitzers and are terribly e ffective. A six rounder spherical ,case shot contains 17 musket l.aJJ. Grape Shot iit a qdantitj of small shot put into a canvas bag and corded together in a cylinder form, adap ted to the calibre of the. piece from wlich it is fired. Cannister Shot is a number ot metallic shot enclosed in a metsUic case, adapted to tbe calibre of tbe gun, which, when it bursts', scatters the shot in every direction, . Chain Shot eonsiats of a-pnmber ., of balls. connected together by mall chain, which, when fired from a cannon, li ejected, from it in a rotary manner,, and striking into a close column, produces terrible d est taction. -Chain shot are, however," but little used at the present day. Round an3 Conical Shot are nsed more particularly in siege batteriesVaod are the most common of .war prjeetiIesrTheTe are also hand grenades used. being shells filled with small shots and scraps of Iron an.d gla'aawtiicb are very destructive in cloe conflict. .In cfarlo-iion of the war" projectiles we shall notice r - 'W' ' " ". Rocxerm. . . ' . "Rockets are composed of nolTow jpepef t wood or iroc cases, filled with a composition of cxplo give material, nsed as signals,: and in iome cases are ain implement jpf warfa"ret being filled wiih b-tlls. The iren roclret was tbe invention of Sir Wm, Congreve, of. England, and was a hollow iron caser filled with explosive nsaterial and ball, and was first used with success at the bombardment of Copenhagen. The LTaTe rocket is an invoalion of later date, and ie adapted into the United : Stale army. - Experiments have been doade with them for siege purposes, but up to the prase at time with but little success, as they cm net be depended on to do much execution. ' For si nals they are invaluable, and they have attained for this purpose a great state of perfection. .There have also been many improvements in mall arms, within the last 15 or 20 y eat a. Look at the com pariacn between the old flint lock musket, first manufactured in New Haven, Con. by Eli Whitney, ia 1803, and the splendid'Minnie arm turned out at tbo present .day by our government manufacturers. The old jnosket scarce attained a range of 500 yards, while ihe Minnie musket ranges truly at over 1,000 yards, and has been known to propel a ball one and a quarter raileal We have breech loading an J revolving riflis of every description and pattern. Pistols, among which we may enumerate the celebrated Colt's revolver, which has suc-b a world wide reputation, and last, though not least, the Minnie breeeh loading rifle, with sword and bayonet, a terrible weapon for skirmishing. New models of light and heavy ordnance are being turned out daily at ti e different manufactories of fabrication, in the Union. In point' of heavy ordnance, tha United States are far ahead of all nations of the world, and her board of ordnance officers have a reputation which cannot be excelled. Improvements are being made in gun car-carriages, and a number of gun carriages have been manufactured of wrought iron for heavy sea-coast howitzers and Columbiads; it having been proven in the English service, that they were more durable, less likely to recoil, and cheaper in construction according to service. There has, however, been one cause of complain which has been the want of ... . A XATIOXAL ARMORY. The heavy ordnance used by the Uuited States has been obtaioedat private contract from private armories, and tbe great need of a national armory located at some central point, has attracted the attention of the Government. Most of Onr arms of defence have been manufactured at the Cold Spring (N. Y.) foundry, AlgeraV Iron Works, South Boston, the Allegheny foundry and ' at the Works of tbe Ames Manufacturing Com-pany at Cabctville, Mass. : The cost of manufacture by contract has been double to the Government compared!, with the manufacture at a permanent armory, -Add to this tbe travel and ex pease of inspection aud inspection officers, the large prices paid fsr material and labor, and the coaparalivcly careless manner in which all work baa been completed, and those interested wul at oee sea the great expense which is actually thrown sway ia the fabriesMtoei ot ordnance and ord nance, f "yea. Oar Government seeds both a aaxtoaal foundry and a aaxiooaJ armory, no that il will not be obliged to depend spoa private manaractoH avvftfy- o lata taaieriaL Ovejraeaeat aboud tak esdL saeasts as to estab-liah a foaadry so tkaZ ar criaaacw should be thoroughly maaafeciai-i. .-'v4Jy inspected, that it be theogk?7S5r V PP118 this plan a proper ca be made, and articles f.bviectd X-Ki't -: pablie eye will be worthy of tie Amid all these internal commotions w Lo!d not forget oar great Waahragtoo'e maxim, Ia time cf peace-prepare fcr war." -dm. Gez. ) . At tbia xplo ioa lka Secretary ef tbe Kary, E-eretary of War. Commodore Keanoo aad many others, were killed aad woended, aad President Tyler. MMm" T TT7 x. l "f lii r VZ . V4 synmar of 1541, oa board ef the baited States! Prineeton, oa tbe Potomao, below VTajhingtoa t;y, tTbe cbaree of the to inch was formerly IS lb bat it has been reduced to 2 Ibs and in the same manaer has tbe 8 ineh been redwood. , Tbe .estreodo range of tbe 10 iaeb is front 2 to 2 1-1 lbs. at an an of 3i deg. above the borisoa. See Ordnanee ilanuaLJ . Point blank range Is the distance to which a shwk fired is carried in a horizontal direetioaV The Fight in Baltimore. The Attack: At Baltimore rtpoa tlie United States Troops. Tbe Fennsy lrnnians Compelled to so back. Tbi morning upon the arrival of the Maes a-chasetts voluBteers at tbe President street depot at 10 J o'clock, a great crowd has assembled, evidently to give them an unwelcome reception. The arrangements contemplated the passage of thirtj-aix cars occupied by volunteers, from President street depot to the Camden station of the Baltimore and ; Ohio Railroad, over the intervening space occupied by (be Pratt street track. The cars were despatched one after the other by horses, and upon the arrival of the first car at the intersection of Gay and Pratt streets, a vast assemblage' having, cojlected there, demonstrations were made which, evidently contemplated tbe stopping of the Hoops at that point. Just there, repairs of tbe road were iu progress, and a onmber of paving stores Were Tying ia reaps, .which were seized by the crowd and used for purposes of aAsault..,'... . , . Ten of the cars bad 8acceed"ed ia passing on their way before the crowd were able to aceom-plish their purpose of barricadiog the track, which they now began to .effect . by palacing large heavy anchors lying in the yicioitv, direct-fy a'cross the rails.. Some sevsa or eight were bora by lb crowd and laid on the .track, and thus the paisage of the cart , were effectually in terroptedV - - - . ; Having accomplished : thie-objee, the crowd set to lustil cheering for the South' cr Jefferson Davis, Soetb Caroling and secession.-and groans for sundry ebnoxione parties. - loathe meanwhile the troops-thos delayed atfthe depot remained quietly t the care until ti.red of their inactioe,' and apprehending a more formidable demonstration they came to the conclusion to face the mosic and march th rough tie eity. ; ," " I - They accordingly eya'caated the rs, and rapidly gathering on the street . north of ihe -depot, formed In line end prepared to make the sttempt. The word a-ss' given to f march " and the head of the line bad advanced soroe fifteen pacet, when it was driven back i pan the mio body bj lh immense wwd,'sti:r.furtbcr incressel,by a body of mes who marched down, to the depot beariog at their bead a Confdderati Cs. . , thzriot. i.; " Eight of tbe carax started from the President street depot and passed safely to the Camden atsv tian. The ninth started, but soon ret creed, the track having been torn sp and obstructed at lie corner of Pratt and Gay streets. After considerable delay was determined ia make tbe attempt to march tbe troops tbroogb the city. There were then the contents of twaa. ty-two cars, only sixty of whom were supplied with arms. The remainder were recruits, and 64 cupied second-class and baggage cars. Just before the movement was made from the cars a large crowd of persons went down Preai dent street with a Southern flag, and met the troops as they emerged from the cars. Tbe Southern Sag was then carried in front of the column, and hooting and yelling began, aud as soon as they turned out of Canton avenue they X wet e reeted with a volley of stones. , . At the corner of Fawn street two of tie eolt diers were struck with stones, and knocked down; one of them was taken by tbe potice-to the drug store of J. T. Pitt, at the corner -of Pratt and High streets, and the other to the Eastern police station. . ' . Tbe yelling continued and the stones flew l&idc and fast. At Pratt street bridge a gun was fired, said by policeman" No. 71 to hare been fired frota-the ranks of the soldiers. - f . . L Then the crowd pressed stronger, until the body reached the corner of day street, where the trsops presented arms aud fired. Several person fell on the first round, and the crowd became furious. A number of revolvers were used, and their shots' took effect in the ranks. People then ran in every direction in sesjxTa-of arms, but the armories of the military companies of the city were closely guarded, and pone could be obtained. The firing continued . from-Frederick street to South street in quick secession, but how many fell cannot now be ascertained. : : Among those wounded was a young maa oimed Francis Ward, who resides at tbe corset i ... of Baltimore and AUquitb streeta, He was shot in the groin, but the wound Is dot thought to be fatal. e. ' . , A young man named James Clark, formerly connected with No. 1 - Hook and Ladder Company, wai shot through the head, and Instantly killed. . . ' James Myers, residing on Fayette street, was shot in the right side of the back, near tbe sj-iae, and the tall, a Minnio, passed through him, and lodged among the faUe ribs. He -was mortally wounded. John McCapo, of 2iO. 2, North Bond street, waa mprtalfy wounded, ' . At the central police station, one soldier was taken in dead, as were alao two citizens. Three soldiers and one citizen were tacen to the same' pUee wo'iaded. - The crowd passed da ep Pratt street, and near Li ht street there waa"aciUier roily fired. At Light street wharfs a boy named WiCiana Heed, a band oa board the Oyster sloop Wild! Piteon cf York county, V a-, received a ball through the abdomesv, and waa dying sit tbe Is at accounts, ia tbe hold of the schooner. , - Another boy, Patrick GrifSn, employed svt the Green House, Pratt street, was shot through the biwels while looking from the door. -A frenzied j'rowd retarnieg the fire from revolvers, and with bricks. Andrew Robbios, a'' member of a volunteer company from Stoning Conn-, " shot in the back uf the bead, and . fell from the ranks. He was taken into the dro store of Jesse S. Hart. His wound is danger' ous. - : . .; .Another soldier, S. N. Needham, a member of . the MasSachuseets regiment, was struck by brick aad knocked insensible from the rank.-He waa taken into the bookstore of T. T Hor." in Pratt street. He was auppoeed to be dyin,'.' Prof. J. W. Dunbar wm very active tn' rea2eri aasistance. . " At the corner of Howard and Dover etrvei,' tbe troops in the cars fired a volley at the citizen- on the corner," and several were wounded, t-.-t their names could not be ascertained. Tbe trouv embarked at the Camden staliop, and the crow. i,' many thousands it number, -et out ia si r along the railroad track of the Waahicgio Branch, obstructing the track as they went wiii great logs aud blocks of marble. Tbe police followed, removing the obstructions . Atpon'g the citizens shot dead is Mr, Davis, of the arm of Pay iter, Davis & Co. Jtis4hoctiog' was done by a soldier as the tnio, .after. having passed through the citj, was psWog out cf lhe( Camden street depot for WaahingtoW Pte sho was fired from the last car. Mr. D. was alttTag quietly on the bill opposite the gaa Louse.' Q was shot through the "ielt side, . r -tJ . A crowd of several thousand started cl pa desperate run to a point beyond tb'e city limits, with tbe avowed intention uf tearing c'p the. track, The departure of the train iVr . Waahingtc was delayed until nearly .1 oVlock. this -aiierBOOf) when it left. . There were majors of an attack tbe train at the viaiuct and olLer pvinM, bsf these oed cocfirmatwn. -JS. Pua. . ; . . Rriefi rr flan Pack At the great meeting held at Dctrioi ted;. need ay evening, under tbe direction if the EToard. of "frede of that city. Gen. Cass spoke as fcUowf iFAXlxwCtTl2ENS--I bav not con scalf a speecbj my time-fur engaging t itticsJ tip Cussions baa pasaed' away. v I haveewmf to do honor to that glorious old Hg which yea .fcevsj just unfurled to tae.Dresze-toafc uz icj tz ever waved triumpbauUy at Lome saa atr:,!.; was born nnder i. I baTe.peni riy llTe.RTjf tr and when my last hours shall cone, I iir::rl hope mj fsta msj rest upon it jritb iu stara Buaiamei and iu stripes ensevered. Cheers. J Ai d I hope the Almighty Beiag will, in Lis mtl-' ey yet at retch forth bis- bands, save ns fro si the. caUusuy ercivafwsr aad restore m fraternal Usl iug among these Elates. lit be jaclic th4 bearu of onr people to reatoreourg'orioas Cmou ' and secure iU perpetuity ! j . . . , . : CA subscript'on by pritare cit"z!csf I : . Lis been made for the beotfit cf o!--";:r t -, families amounting $453 6L Tlis u tells t .J bespeaks the proper seal Si Csr:

- ,"'.."r'"t:"""Ti': .r'w V kit vTTT -.; ' '"S i i I . - v a 1 4 VOLUIE XXV; MOtJNT VERNON; OHIO ,30;-1861. NTJMIiER 2; V . J- 35 32. HT 3 S5 353 3Cj 3Lb f ; . . WHOLESALE AKD HETAIL v . . O. 1, BUCKINGHAM'S BUILDTNd, Ulaln Street, Mount Vernon, Olllb. ' tTHEEE MAY BE FOUND A COMPLETE STOCK Of Drugs . Medicines, Chemicals. Paints. Oils. Dye Stuffs, VARNISHES, TURPE.NTINE, BHUSHES, ALCOHOL, BURMSG FLUID, CAMPHEJfE, PERFUMERY, FA 5fCY ARTICLES, &c. Dealers nd Coniumen can rely n the genniBcnecv of all articles tbat come from raf Eetblit,h-ment umoitdftheo are boorbt direct of the lmpoitera or Manufiteturen. All Good:VarrnU4 a represented, ana lor aj aa coeap mm am canfu . BOOTS AND SHOES, J1ES, WOMEN; BOYS, ivx i o g :ej si j dlilLlillENi AND I" ;: INFANTS. A Lurge Stock and eheap i - MILLER A WHITE'S, Mt. Vernon, May 17, 1860-tf. KNOX COUNTY D RUGr STORE. JAMES BLANCH ARB, TVholesale and Retail Dcnlc IN Drugs and Medicines, MAINSTREET, MTi VERNON, OniO. bRUGS, MEDICINES, CHE.MICALP, TUTTY rint8 Oils, Yarn iKbes, Brashes and Ire StuflV, rURE WINES AND .BRANDIES FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES ONLY, PERFUMERY, oOAF AN D F AN C Y AR T I C L E S SKUFF AND CIGARS, FAMILY MEDICINES, febRNErrs cocoine?.; ' J BURNETT)S kOlXlSTON, "BURNETT '3 LOR1MEL, Poal OIL And coal ojl lamps. ,-; i.-'vi r jAnracTnE or . fiANCHAllD'S INDIAN LINIMENT AND v u - AMi2f0NlAN COlIGri BALSOM. 1 Particular oar in eompoandlntc' Physicians Prescription aid ia preparinx reeip of all kinds 1000 YARDS CARPETING, ' from csr.Ta:TO &1.50 PER TD.i ' LSO OIL CLOTHS, MATTING AND HEARTH Kujr,. at Manufacturers Frices. at May 15.1860. . , " WARNER MILLER'S. tTtTf rail Tor Lincoln nnd CliO Coal : : -- .Oil Trauol O . MT. LIPPITT has DUt tha nrfM f Otl Oa itwn to 80 cants per gallcn, and Lamps 20ctav tower tbaa cau be bad any place la the city bav also just received another fioe assortcuant ot Umpf, ' Heavy Lamps, Chimneys, Globe, 4c, and also Cp1 ,Oif Burners of diorent sixes by which you ean en-' vert your fluid and all other kinds of Lamps Into Coal Oil Lamps, without mu'oh cost." .Wa will ir arners without, eharge.- Country u&iclMAtM tap. . jUad at eery low figttrea".- - - ' CsJl aad examine at th City Drutr Store. " JmlV A, W. LIPPITT. i"" tui o-t KEW GOODS I1 HE NEW STO EE G. i W. D. BROWNING, Arc jutt openiog an additional itock of NEW AND BEAUTIFUL GOODS Just purcbated at the erry lowest figures and p th lateat - NEW YORK STYLES, Which they are now prepared to offer their Friends, Cutn3erc and the public, on tearini as favorable su any House in this nectitm of tbe country in lki particular they do not intrnd to be outrfon. . ' Araontr their new clock will be found FREiNCH REPS. CASH MIERS, MERINOS, VaLEN'CIKS, MOHAIRjS,-DELAIN3, FRENCH & ENGLISH PRINTS, and a rariety of OTHER STYLES OF URE8S GOODS too numerous to mention. They weuld also call far(iouIar attcStiou t thir STOCK Or SHAWLS, which for tbeir sty les and quality, AT THE PRICE are not to be exceeded. They bavt also a freb supply f - lilliBONS AND DRESS TRIMMINGS. A fine assortmcu't of Ladles' and Children's Hoods. Please rail and examine tbeni. For Gentlemen, they have a good. fresh stock of - ... MENS WE A It, which for price and quality are not to bo Lcat in this market. SO- T II E Y T 41 I N K ! They have also on band aoiMlstnck of LADIES, CHILDUKN'f- and QESTLEM EN'S HOOTS 4D SHOES, of nearly every kind which they are oflerinsr at every low pri,ei. G. & W: D. BPkOWNlNG. JNov20.tr. TEMPLE OF ART! I desire to inform the pablie that my Splcudid Suit, of Photofiapb. ltobrns ARB COMPLETED! And now open Tor the reception of visitors. It is needless to comment upn ny work, as it recommends itself. .1 make Photographs from small miniatures to LIFE-SIZE, PLAIN or BE UTIFULLY FINISHED IN OIL, Water Colors, or If'-you have an old Duguerreetype or Ambrotype of a deceased friend, (no matter bow poor), it cau be enlarged to any sic) and colored trae to nature. I wish particularly to impress upon the miud of the publio this important branch uf Photography. I employ Mr. HALL, yf Cleveland, tbe acknowledged best C01.0UIST in Northern Ohio.; Specimens of old pictures enlarged can be seen at niy Gallery. AMBROTYPES And all small work done on short notice. Te extend a cordial invitation to all to call and exaiuine Sj'j-fMim-nn. ROOMS Corner Main and Gambler Streets, over Taylor, (Jan It A Co.' (or. utrauce same as Dr. Keli"' Denial Roa.uij'. N. H. The class of pictures termed 25 eent pie-turef positively not taken al these rooms. novia-ty. X. E LEWIS " -i M ' ,ii Dufif & JlcCoy'K COMMUCIAEL COLLEGE, COLUMBL'S, OHIO, TIIE.tliorouh maraer in which Students of this Inrtitutiou are drilled in all the routine of bu-siccss, bas gained for it tbo proud diatiuctioH of Tlie Business Marts College! Tbo eourre of Study is fall and thoroughly practical. All the late forius and improve tnefcua are introduced, and the Faculty will guarantee any one after be has eompleUd the course, to be fully qualified to keep the books of any business house. Daily Lectures delivered on Book-keeping, Pen tnaftbhip,' Commercial Calculations, Commercial Law P'iUtical Economy, Elocution, Jte. teunr: ' - For toll and anlituitrd Conrae, $40.1 Students can enter at any tiino and review at plea, sure. . The usual time to complete the eousa is from 8 to 10 weeks. Good bearding can be i$2, 50 per week. Cost of Hooks, Diploma. ., fire dollars: For full particular, adaress uov fi MeCOY A Co., Colurobn. 0. Gin us u iteiueulul AgreuC. TFn&-iF.t.inmns tonio stimulant. ESPECIALLY designed for the H of Medieal Profes lion and tbo Family, baring superseded the to-ealleo. . " Gint," " Arotnatio." Medioated," - fcconiipps - (., u now endorsed by all or the pro. mioant phyiciaas, chemists and connoisseurs, as possessing ail of those intrinsie ntedioioal qualities (tonia and diuretic) which belong to the OLD and PUKE Gin. Put up ia quart botUet aad (old bj all druggists, grocers, te. " . v V , , A. if. BlyfSGEB J cp (EsUblUbt ia 1778.) 6ol. P,priator, ' w " v 1 Broad wrraat, N. Y." Ourlonc exnerianM fVi!.-J lli.'v n. 1" quiremeute of -Drurslsta. A vIT,. . facilities, enabli u."to frnlh tb..TVL-v"" , quers for laadieal and family M. ja32-yl AMBKOTIPJES AND MELAINOTYPES.- - ' i- Is G .A 2XcOO!SAtnr,v . i. , r SUCCESSOU t Power A -MeDonald'reapeetfuUy announces to the citizens of Jdt. Yarnoai and fieinitv, that be still continues to take Ambro. ilelainotypes.lo the best style of art,' at his room g 'to Woodward Block. Froua a long experience l asiaesa be flatters himself that be will giva entire satistaetioB U all vba saay fvEbinvHb business Prices as low as the lowesU Pleasa give me a'esJI "gaging pietuxes aXMWAare. (.aaitc war material. The recent warlike mavetnenU in ibis ad for eigu countries have caused extensive preparations in all quarters for turning oat war material, to be used in case of an emergency, and great profi ciancy has been obtained in the manoacture of garrison and seacoast defences, among wbicb may be enumerated heavy Columbiada, Dablgreen guns, mortars, howitzers, and rocket batteries. To gi ve some idea of the great proficiency in. tbe art of warfare, we must compare tbe warlike tm pie meats of centuries gone bj" with those ot the present day and generation, and we will com mence by a f;w introductory remarks relative to the ware material of earlier generations. The principal military engines of. the Romans were the b&luta and the catapolata. The balista was used for throwing large stones, and is said to have been invented bj the Phoenicians, while the catapulta was used for throwing darts ; axd some writers report that both these engines of destruction were of Sicillian manufacture. Others were invented afterward for throwing fire. stones, javelins, &C-, Ac; and history states that one of the machines used by Edward I. at the seige of the Castle of Stirling thew stones weigh ing over 300 lbs. The explosive force of guu powder was known to Bacon in the twelfth cen tury, bat it was at a considerable later period th tt fire arms' began to. supersede tbe ancient ar tillery. Wo find that cannon were used by Edward III. in his first campaign against the Scots n 1.327, and tbe four cannon employed by the same monarch at the battle of Cresay in 134G, contributed i much to Ue iarprue, tiiat they occasioned to the French troops as by their ex. ecotion, to the success of the dev. The construction of the most ancient cannon we are in f irmed, was of pieces or bars of iron ; soldered to each other lengthwise and b und together by lead or iron boopi and the cannon balls used were of stoue. Caonon were first cast abjut tbe middle of the fifleetb century, about the end of which period bronze was used. Brass caDnon were first cast in England by J. Owen in 1533. A foundry w established in Edinburgh about IrVe, same lime, under James II. of Scotland. Nffrtarai w?re made in England duriug the rtigo of Henry VIII., and cast iron cannon daring the reign of Edward VL At the beginning of the fifteenth century they Legao to give, them names such as 'Falcon," 'Culverin," 'Ba8alisk,, Dragon, Syren," etc supposed to Se so called from some fanciful application to tbe in for swiftness, force, cruelly or other attributes which were a fancied resem blance. At the present day they are principally designated by weight and calibre fir instance a piece carrjing a ball weighing '.VI lbs., is called a 32-poundet; 12 lbs a 12-poubder and C lbs. a 6-pounder. A field bittery such as is usually termed light battery tonhists of six guns, comprising four six-pouifder howitzers, while a seiire battery consists of , guns of a heavier calibre, such as 18, 24, and 32 plunder; We will more particularly designated tbe different guns under their proper headings, and we will fir.t notice : 1javt ounixaxOK. Ileavy ordinance id manufactured from cast iron and brass, and of late years, of wrought iron. . Brasi fiyid piecps are made of gun.tnetal which is an alloy of two parts of copper to one tin, C.tniioii. were firmerly cast with a cave or hallow, but are now cast slid, being stronger and less liable to burst; the metal is freer from honeycombing and the bore is rendered more perfect. Iu boring cannon the gun is made to revolve about the bit or borer, the size of which issue ceasively iudreased. Tae heaviest piece of ordinance known to exist is a brass cannon at Bee- japoor, cast in memory of the capture of that plai e in 1 G85, by Alum Greer. Its length is 14 feet 1 inch, diameter of bore 2 feet 4 inches, and which requires an iron shot to fit it weighing over 1.600 -pounds. Another enormous guu, Mons. Weg," is obown to the curious traveler on the ramparts at the Castle at Edinburgh, Scot land. It is madd of iron and carried a heavy stone ball weighing over two hundred pounds; it is now only used as an ornament, being imperi feet iu it construction. One of the largest gunl made in modern times was one made for tbe British Government in 1856, by the Messrs. florae fall of Liverpoo!. Its material is wrought iron welded, 15. feet long, 3 feet 10 inches in diameter at the large end, 2 feet 10 inches at the mall end, and weighed 26 tons." It required 40 men in its construction, who were employed soveo weeks day and night, and when completed, after boring, its weight was 21 tons 13 cwt. Its capacity is for a ball weighing 302 lbs., to be propelled by a charge of 90 lbs. of powder, and its range is five miles. In America are several very heavy pieces of ordinance. A monster gun was recently cast in Pittsburgh, Pa., weighing over 20 tons in the Brooklyn Navy Yard is a heavy ship gun capable of carrying an iron or stone ball weighing over two hundred pounds. It is of wrought iron' a'od la t. companion to the celebrated M Peacemaker " which in its ex perimenta under . Commodore Stockton ou the United States steamier Prineeto'n, resulted so seriously in scattering death and , desr notion around. This gun was made of hammered wrought iron, strengthened bv iron bands, and it is snpposed that ia its construction some parts of the iron were allowed to cool too rapidly which caused it to crfstalize, thus weakening it, and at each . successive discbarge these crystals separated, honeycombing it, and caosiog il to burst. Fearful that a similar test to the remain. lag grxn woutd result ia Jtfiila'r 'saanner, eotDpaniop to the "Peacemaker? baa never been tested, svod remains ( the Brooklyn Navy J"ard as a sad: memento of tbe past, for all enquirers arei told it b the nTate to the Teacemaker,M thus bringing! flie' ta'd remtoisenceii to the mind of tbe visitor. Heavy guns for seacoast defences and naval service are oqw being used extensively by the G'oveVnm'eni 'of 'the'. United? States, and the vuiu' of our' OVdina'oce Seers to .the forttfica-' tio'ne andf ship yards of Europe Ea've feen of immense service, Within the but decade we have constructed and brought into; practical nse the heavy Coinmbiad and Dahlgreen guns, which we will speak more particularly ' hereafter. There are also n'sed 42, 32, 24, 18, 14, 6 end 4 pounder gans of brass and iron, some tor sea-cosst ana field eervice, and others for iiaVe! purpoaee. The length of sv 32'poondeir gdn, nsed on the lower of a line-of-battle ship, is 9 feet 6 inches, weigh ing 55 cwt., being about 192 limes the weight of the ball. 18 poanders, are rarely used at the present day. 12 pounders, a brass field gun, are 6 feet 6 inches in length, weighing 18 ewt-, witb a'ealibre of 4-6 in diamter. The length of 18, 12, 9, 6. and 3 poonder brass guns, is 17 eaKbre. About 18 calibres is the maximnm of (he American service, while in the Epglish it is from 14 to 16. Since the war in the Crimea, heavy aiege and naval guns have been general I v adopted, and have proved by their great force and terrible ac-utacy to be invaluable. One of lie most excellent of these war implements is the celebrated ' V ' LAVCASTKB CV. This large and effective siege gun waa invented a few years previous to the late European war, by Mr. Lancaster, an English gentleman. It is of great weight and is constructed on the principle of the application of rotating shot to guns of eliptical bore, which causes the bail to proceed like that from a rifle. They are used either for solid shot or shell, but are more successful with the spherical solid ball. Their range is from 4 J to 5 miles, and they are said to be the most effective gun in use. At ; Inkermann and Bataklava they did terrible execution, and also at the Redan mad6 terrible breaches in the works, and no forti- tification could stand against them. They are, however, not always to be relied on for accuracy and strength, but whether h is owing to their be' ing too light for their charge and weight of the ball, or the teudencj of the ball to go straight forward, and thus wedge iuetf in attempting to pas the very gradual rifle bore, is undetermined. Que oljectioo to tbem is their great weight, which is a serious impediment in tbe taansporta- lion, of a seige or a field gun ; and another disadvantage is the Cost of sustaining them, for each charge costs at the lowest calculation 20, or $100. The average cost of a Lancafister guu complete is about 200, or $10,000. Among the other rifled gens used in foreign service, are CATAILI AKD WaBREXO GVSS. These .pieces of rifled ordnance were rsted in 1846, and found to be practical. : Tney are breach loading, but. for long continued nse are not as safe as other heavy guna. -That of Cavilli is perhaps1 considered the besL,and was invented by Col. Cavilli of the Sardinia army, upon prettj-much the same principle as the Lancaster gun, consist'og of an oblong form of cast iron, pointed at the top, convex toward the powder, and having two ribs, running lengthwise to correspond with grooves in the gun. The Prussian Ordnarce Department have some few heavy rifled guns, but, as jet, they have not been snfSciantly. tested to prove a perfect success. We now turn to the ordnance department of the American Army, and notice the great improvements our scientific officers have made in heavy ordnance. The most celebrated guns used by our Government, in its fortifications and for seige and garrison purposes, is the COLCMBIAD CU'J. The Colu'ro'biad is a recently invented gun of a great range, combining the essential qoalities of tbe ordinary sea coast gun, howitzer aod mortar. They are of eihl and ten inch calibre, and are capable of projecting a solid shot or shell with a large charge of powder at an angle of from 5 deg. below to 35 deg. above the horizon. In Outer appearance the Columbiad is similar to the ordinary sea coast cannon, but in internal shape more like the howitzer. Its full range is about two miles, with an extra range of three, t'he eight-inch weighs about 9,000 fc'i. arid the charge of powder used is 10 lbs. The weight of the solid shot is 46 lbs. the shell 38 lbs. The ten-inch gun weighs 15,000 lbs. and the charge nsed is 16 lbs. of powder tie solid shot weighing 128 lbs. and the" shell 100. lbs.f In 1859. there were 2,519 eight end ten inch Columbiads and sea coast bowitzera in nse in pur fortifications, of wnicn dOd were Columbiads, and we are informed by an officer of the ordinance, that up to the present time, there are over 1,000 in nse, and new ones being . manufactured daily. Most of our heavy fortifications from Maine to Florida, have in use these terrible guns.-. . . , TBB DABLOaEEK CtX Is used for ship eervice aud naval batteries, and is the most perfect naval gnn ever coostrncted. It was invented by commandef John A. Dahlgreen of the United States Navy, to be nsed either for shell or solid shot.. Its merit consul of a reduction of the proportion of metal be tween tbe muzzle and its trunnions, which is found in gnus of the common pattern largely in excess. The greater part uf metal at the breech of a gun iustead of at the muzzle, not only gives the greater strength at the part where the danger of bursting ia the greatest, but also tends jo diminish the force T the recoil. The Pahlgreen guns are 8 and .,,1 0 inch in calibre in the ship guns, and the boat guns are of 12 and 24 Jb. cat. ibre, and are nsed for firing shells, scbrapnell and eannlster shot. So satisfied bave been the Board Of Ord nance with - the Pahlgreen 8 and 1 0 inch guns,, that, all oar new. steam sloops and gun' boats hava .been, armed, with them.4 Af hej are atmilaf Id the ColdTmbiads, their ; weight, range, and weight of shot are Dearly similar. Tbej have stood severe tests -of trial and ' proof, and e!re nndoubtedly the best cava) guns nsed in the world. Rifled cannon for field s'-rvice are Dow attracting much attention among military men. About three years since it neW model gun was Jested at Aues manufactory in Cabotville, Mass!, called '" ' " " ; ' ' ' yr:; . . .TBZ JAUCS BI7LED CAVJCOy. . ' '' f -J-' . THis new invention was' patented by General dfamea of. Rhode, Uland in 1853, and is brass field piece' f lfght batteries, riHed, an eliptical bore, with a cenical shot of curious construction-The great advantages claimed by General Barnes are, tfiat owing to tbo pccaliax coaitru'cU'ob of tbe ball iti passage thtougb the grooyed.eh amber of the piece, saves the windage, giving to the shot a greater rotation, greater force and gretev precision. Its range is 2g to 3 miles, and in the experiments tried by a board of officers convened for that purpose in 1859, one shot was made with 1 J lbs. of powder which projected a slug ball oealy 3 miles. The pressure, however, is tremendous, and it is to.be doubted, whether it would answer the purpose of firing shell without danger. It has not been adopted by our Government we believe, ajd we learn that the inventor is applying the principle to a .breech loading gun of six pounds calibre. The ball nsed isi in conical shape like the Minnie ball; hollowed out at ihe base with an air chamber, in which are grooves which presses the air by the force of the powder on to a lead and canvas covering, forcing the sheet lead into the rifled grooves of the chamber and slugging the ball, thus saving tbe widage and producing Ihe effects above described.' Whetber it will be brought into nse by onr Government remains to be seen, but it seems to be a practical gun, and we hope to learn of its success as an arm of the service! . MORTARS. Mortars are as ancient as cannon, and were employed to throw red hot iron and stones before the invention of shells. The first shells were used in 1435 when Naples was beseiged by Charles VIII, at which they were said to have made terrible havoc among Abe enemy! -They are manufactured of iron and brass. The Iron are 8 10 and 13 inch calibre and the brass 5 and 4 2 5 inch in bore. The 13 inch iron require 9 pounds to the charge; the 10 inch 4 pounds, and the 8 inch 2 pounds. The largest mortar in the world was cast by M. Mallet, for the British Gov ernment, to carry a shell weighing over 16 ton but it proved a failure. It was 36 inch bore. Mortars are very little used at tbe present time, having given place to howitzers and the uew rifled guns. " ' HOWITZERS. ' "' ' . Howitzers are pieces of ordnance of medium lenpth between tbe canon and tbe mortars, used for throwing shells or large balls at a point blank range, or a email elevation. J They are nsually made of brass. The first howitzer was said to have been invented by Belidor, in Germany, and was used at the seige oi Alh, 1667 - ITowit" zers range 32 24, 12 and 6 pounder, tbw latter size beiag used for light batteries in field service. There are also I and I J pounders, light piece a. hich are very effective in a mountainous or billy country, and are called mountain howitzers. They can.be transported by drag ropesor packed oa the backs of moles, so light is their construe- tinn. Or8Te nnd umail shot are used in tbem to defend mountain paases. . Tbey were very effect ive in the last war with Mexico, and Lieut. Ben oro, of the Ordnance department, used tbem with great success: A 32 pound howitzer requires 3 1 pounds of powder for a charge; ?4 pound howit- zers 2 pounds; a 12 pound howitzer 1 J pound, and a 6 pounder 8 or 10 ounces to a charge. Bo w i zers are used more for firing shell than the mortar, and the United States army are' provided with a largo number of seige howitzers, a very heavy gun. CARROKASE8. Carronades are skor. howitzers, first cast at tbe Carron works, from which they derived their names, .Workmeu were fir.t eoplnyed on tbes guos about tbe year 1779. They are mostly fed on ship board, and are now ab&odoned for guns of a more recent construction. The carronades nsed in the British Navy are from 4 to 5 feet in length, and of tbe calibre of from 8 to 10 inches. Most of our set vice vessels are arsied with carronades, which are daily being displaced by the terrible Columbiads and the formidable Dablgreen guns. Having thus spoken of heavy ord nance we will now notice V ','.- PROJECTILES OF WAR. Projectiles of war are round shot, spherical case shot, shell, echtapnell, grape, cannister and chain shot. A shell is a hollow sphere of iron filled with guDpowder, iron, balls, Jcc, fired from a howitzer, mortar or Columbiad. The charge is introduced into a bole about an inch in diam-eter, d fired by means of a "use the fuse is a tube of wovd or compotition filled, with mealed with mealed powder, sulphur and saltpeter and is cut at Just tbe length the shell is calculated to explode. GreaV precision and accuracy have been attained in the measuring and calculation ofdistauces by scientific artillerists, and such is the precision by whieh tbey are fired that a skill ful gunner can place his shot or shell within an inch or two of the object he wishes his shell to atrilie, fachrapnell Shell's are shells filled with" a quantity of musket balls, wh ch when tbo shell explodes are projected about 150 yards further. Tbey are fired with guns, mortars and howitzers and are terribly e ffective. A six rounder spherical ,case shot contains 17 musket l.aJJ. Grape Shot iit a qdantitj of small shot put into a canvas bag and corded together in a cylinder form, adap ted to the calibre of the. piece from wlich it is fired. Cannister Shot is a number ot metallic shot enclosed in a metsUic case, adapted to tbe calibre of tbe gun, which, when it bursts', scatters the shot in every direction, . Chain Shot eonsiats of a-pnmber ., of balls. connected together by mall chain, which, when fired from a cannon, li ejected, from it in a rotary manner,, and striking into a close column, produces terrible d est taction. -Chain shot are, however," but little used at the present day. Round an3 Conical Shot are nsed more particularly in siege batteriesVaod are the most common of .war prjeetiIesrTheTe are also hand grenades used. being shells filled with small shots and scraps of Iron an.d gla'aawtiicb are very destructive in cloe conflict. .In cfarlo-iion of the war" projectiles we shall notice r - 'W' ' " ". Rocxerm. . . ' . "Rockets are composed of nolTow jpepef t wood or iroc cases, filled with a composition of cxplo give material, nsed as signals,: and in iome cases are ain implement jpf warfa"ret being filled wiih b-tlls. The iren roclret was tbe invention of Sir Wm, Congreve, of. England, and was a hollow iron caser filled with explosive nsaterial and ball, and was first used with success at the bombardment of Copenhagen. The LTaTe rocket is an invoalion of later date, and ie adapted into the United : Stale army. - Experiments have been doade with them for siege purposes, but up to the prase at time with but little success, as they cm net be depended on to do much execution. ' For si nals they are invaluable, and they have attained for this purpose a great state of perfection. .There have also been many improvements in mall arms, within the last 15 or 20 y eat a. Look at the com pariacn between the old flint lock musket, first manufactured in New Haven, Con. by Eli Whitney, ia 1803, and the splendid'Minnie arm turned out at tbo present .day by our government manufacturers. The old jnosket scarce attained a range of 500 yards, while ihe Minnie musket ranges truly at over 1,000 yards, and has been known to propel a ball one and a quarter raileal We have breech loading an J revolving riflis of every description and pattern. Pistols, among which we may enumerate the celebrated Colt's revolver, which has suc-b a world wide reputation, and last, though not least, the Minnie breeeh loading rifle, with sword and bayonet, a terrible weapon for skirmishing. New models of light and heavy ordnance are being turned out daily at ti e different manufactories of fabrication, in the Union. In point' of heavy ordnance, tha United States are far ahead of all nations of the world, and her board of ordnance officers have a reputation which cannot be excelled. Improvements are being made in gun car-carriages, and a number of gun carriages have been manufactured of wrought iron for heavy sea-coast howitzers and Columbiads; it having been proven in the English service, that they were more durable, less likely to recoil, and cheaper in construction according to service. There has, however, been one cause of complain which has been the want of ... . A XATIOXAL ARMORY. The heavy ordnance used by the Uuited States has been obtaioedat private contract from private armories, and tbe great need of a national armory located at some central point, has attracted the attention of the Government. Most of Onr arms of defence have been manufactured at the Cold Spring (N. Y.) foundry, AlgeraV Iron Works, South Boston, the Allegheny foundry and ' at the Works of tbe Ames Manufacturing Com-pany at Cabctville, Mass. : The cost of manufacture by contract has been double to the Government compared!, with the manufacture at a permanent armory, -Add to this tbe travel and ex pease of inspection aud inspection officers, the large prices paid fsr material and labor, and the coaparalivcly careless manner in which all work baa been completed, and those interested wul at oee sea the great expense which is actually thrown sway ia the fabriesMtoei ot ordnance and ord nance, f "yea. Oar Government seeds both a aaxtoaal foundry and a aaxiooaJ armory, no that il will not be obliged to depend spoa private manaractoH avvftfy- o lata taaieriaL Ovejraeaeat aboud tak esdL saeasts as to estab-liah a foaadry so tkaZ ar criaaacw should be thoroughly maaafeciai-i. .-'v4Jy inspected, that it be theogk?7S5r V PP118 this plan a proper ca be made, and articles f.bviectd X-Ki't -: pablie eye will be worthy of tie Amid all these internal commotions w Lo!d not forget oar great Waahragtoo'e maxim, Ia time cf peace-prepare fcr war." -dm. Gez. ) . At tbia xplo ioa lka Secretary ef tbe Kary, E-eretary of War. Commodore Keanoo aad many others, were killed aad woended, aad President Tyler. MMm" T TT7 x. l "f lii r VZ . V4 synmar of 1541, oa board ef the baited States! Prineeton, oa tbe Potomao, below VTajhingtoa t;y, tTbe cbaree of the to inch was formerly IS lb bat it has been reduced to 2 Ibs and in the same manaer has tbe 8 ineh been redwood. , Tbe .estreodo range of tbe 10 iaeb is front 2 to 2 1-1 lbs. at an an of 3i deg. above the borisoa. See Ordnanee ilanuaLJ . Point blank range Is the distance to which a shwk fired is carried in a horizontal direetioaV The Fight in Baltimore. The Attack: At Baltimore rtpoa tlie United States Troops. Tbe Fennsy lrnnians Compelled to so back. Tbi morning upon the arrival of the Maes a-chasetts voluBteers at tbe President street depot at 10 J o'clock, a great crowd has assembled, evidently to give them an unwelcome reception. The arrangements contemplated the passage of thirtj-aix cars occupied by volunteers, from President street depot to the Camden station of the Baltimore and ; Ohio Railroad, over the intervening space occupied by (be Pratt street track. The cars were despatched one after the other by horses, and upon the arrival of the first car at the intersection of Gay and Pratt streets, a vast assemblage' having, cojlected there, demonstrations were made which, evidently contemplated tbe stopping of the Hoops at that point. Just there, repairs of tbe road were iu progress, and a onmber of paving stores Were Tying ia reaps, .which were seized by the crowd and used for purposes of aAsault..,'... . , . Ten of the cars bad 8acceed"ed ia passing on their way before the crowd were able to aceom-plish their purpose of barricadiog the track, which they now began to .effect . by palacing large heavy anchors lying in the yicioitv, direct-fy a'cross the rails.. Some sevsa or eight were bora by lb crowd and laid on the .track, and thus the paisage of the cart , were effectually in terroptedV - - - . ; Having accomplished : thie-objee, the crowd set to lustil cheering for the South' cr Jefferson Davis, Soetb Caroling and secession.-and groans for sundry ebnoxione parties. - loathe meanwhile the troops-thos delayed atfthe depot remained quietly t the care until ti.red of their inactioe,' and apprehending a more formidable demonstration they came to the conclusion to face the mosic and march th rough tie eity. ; ," " I - They accordingly eya'caated the rs, and rapidly gathering on the street . north of ihe -depot, formed In line end prepared to make the sttempt. The word a-ss' given to f march " and the head of the line bad advanced soroe fifteen pacet, when it was driven back i pan the mio body bj lh immense wwd,'sti:r.furtbcr incressel,by a body of mes who marched down, to the depot beariog at their bead a Confdderati Cs. . , thzriot. i.; " Eight of tbe carax started from the President street depot and passed safely to the Camden atsv tian. The ninth started, but soon ret creed, the track having been torn sp and obstructed at lie corner of Pratt and Gay streets. After considerable delay was determined ia make tbe attempt to march tbe troops tbroogb the city. There were then the contents of twaa. ty-two cars, only sixty of whom were supplied with arms. The remainder were recruits, and 64 cupied second-class and baggage cars. Just before the movement was made from the cars a large crowd of persons went down Preai dent street with a Southern flag, and met the troops as they emerged from the cars. Tbe Southern Sag was then carried in front of the column, and hooting and yelling began, aud as soon as they turned out of Canton avenue they X wet e reeted with a volley of stones. , . At the corner of Fawn street two of tie eolt diers were struck with stones, and knocked down; one of them was taken by tbe potice-to the drug store of J. T. Pitt, at the corner -of Pratt and High streets, and the other to the Eastern police station. . ' . Tbe yelling continued and the stones flew l&idc and fast. At Pratt street bridge a gun was fired, said by policeman" No. 71 to hare been fired frota-the ranks of the soldiers. - f . . L Then the crowd pressed stronger, until the body reached the corner of day street, where the trsops presented arms aud fired. Several person fell on the first round, and the crowd became furious. A number of revolvers were used, and their shots' took effect in the ranks. People then ran in every direction in sesjxTa-of arms, but the armories of the military companies of the city were closely guarded, and pone could be obtained. The firing continued . from-Frederick street to South street in quick secession, but how many fell cannot now be ascertained. : : Among those wounded was a young maa oimed Francis Ward, who resides at tbe corset i ... of Baltimore and AUquitb streeta, He was shot in the groin, but the wound Is dot thought to be fatal. e. ' . , A young man named James Clark, formerly connected with No. 1 - Hook and Ladder Company, wai shot through the head, and Instantly killed. . . ' James Myers, residing on Fayette street, was shot in the right side of the back, near tbe sj-iae, and the tall, a Minnio, passed through him, and lodged among the faUe ribs. He -was mortally wounded. John McCapo, of 2iO. 2, North Bond street, waa mprtalfy wounded, ' . At the central police station, one soldier was taken in dead, as were alao two citizens. Three soldiers and one citizen were tacen to the same' pUee wo'iaded. - The crowd passed da ep Pratt street, and near Li ht street there waa"aciUier roily fired. At Light street wharfs a boy named WiCiana Heed, a band oa board the Oyster sloop Wild! Piteon cf York county, V a-, received a ball through the abdomesv, and waa dying sit tbe Is at accounts, ia tbe hold of the schooner. , - Another boy, Patrick GrifSn, employed svt the Green House, Pratt street, was shot through the biwels while looking from the door. -A frenzied j'rowd retarnieg the fire from revolvers, and with bricks. Andrew Robbios, a'' member of a volunteer company from Stoning Conn-, " shot in the back uf the bead, and . fell from the ranks. He was taken into the dro store of Jesse S. Hart. His wound is danger' ous. - : . .; .Another soldier, S. N. Needham, a member of . the MasSachuseets regiment, was struck by brick aad knocked insensible from the rank.-He waa taken into the bookstore of T. T Hor." in Pratt street. He was auppoeed to be dyin,'.' Prof. J. W. Dunbar wm very active tn' rea2eri aasistance. . " At the corner of Howard and Dover etrvei,' tbe troops in the cars fired a volley at the citizen- on the corner," and several were wounded, t-.-t their names could not be ascertained. Tbe trouv embarked at the Camden staliop, and the crow. i,' many thousands it number, -et out ia si r along the railroad track of the Waahicgio Branch, obstructing the track as they went wiii great logs aud blocks of marble. Tbe police followed, removing the obstructions . Atpon'g the citizens shot dead is Mr, Davis, of the arm of Pay iter, Davis & Co. Jtis4hoctiog' was done by a soldier as the tnio, .after. having passed through the citj, was psWog out cf lhe( Camden street depot for WaahingtoW Pte sho was fired from the last car. Mr. D. was alttTag quietly on the bill opposite the gaa Louse.' Q was shot through the "ielt side, . r -tJ . A crowd of several thousand started cl pa desperate run to a point beyond tb'e city limits, with tbe avowed intention uf tearing c'p the. track, The departure of the train iVr . Waahingtc was delayed until nearly .1 oVlock. this -aiierBOOf) when it left. . There were majors of an attack tbe train at the viaiuct and olLer pvinM, bsf these oed cocfirmatwn. -JS. Pua. . ; . . Rriefi rr flan Pack At the great meeting held at Dctrioi ted;. need ay evening, under tbe direction if the EToard. of "frede of that city. Gen. Cass spoke as fcUowf iFAXlxwCtTl2ENS--I bav not con scalf a speecbj my time-fur engaging t itticsJ tip Cussions baa pasaed' away. v I haveewmf to do honor to that glorious old Hg which yea .fcevsj just unfurled to tae.Dresze-toafc uz icj tz ever waved triumpbauUy at Lome saa atr:,!.; was born nnder i. I baTe.peni riy llTe.RTjf tr and when my last hours shall cone, I iir::rl hope mj fsta msj rest upon it jritb iu stara Buaiamei and iu stripes ensevered. Cheers. J Ai d I hope the Almighty Beiag will, in Lis mtl-' ey yet at retch forth bis- bands, save ns fro si the. caUusuy ercivafwsr aad restore m fraternal Usl iug among these Elates. lit be jaclic th4 bearu of onr people to reatoreourg'orioas Cmou ' and secure iU perpetuity ! j . . . , . : CA subscript'on by pritare cit"z!csf I : . Lis been made for the beotfit cf o!--";:r t -, families amounting $453 6L Tlis u tells t .J bespeaks the proper seal Si Csr: