Dental implants are commonly used in clinical situations for replacement of natural teeth. Despite many advances in materials, techniques, and implant design, implant failure is a significant concern for the dentist and patient. Peri-implantitis and lack of osseointegration are considered to be the major factors leading to implant failure. Occlusal overloading, medical status of the patient, smoking, and implant characteristics are among the other causes for implant failure. The purpose of this concise review is to discuss the etiology of implant failures by highlighting the various classification put forth by different authors and formulating a new classification.

Introduction: Dental implants are considered one of the best treatment options for completely or partially edentulous patients. But due to lack of knowledge and education many patients especially in the region of underdeveloped or developing countries do not opt for this. In current study the knowledge, attitude and awareness about dental implants was studied in a referral center and its outreach centers in Nepal.
Purpose: To determine the status of knowledge, attitude and awareness about dental implants in a tertiary care hospital and its outreach centers.
Materials and Methods: 192 patients were asked about dental implants using a standard questionnaire. Their response were recorded and analyzed statistically.
Results: Among the respondents 52.6% were aware of implant therapy, however in specific knowledge only 24.5% could attribute the jaw as site for implant placement. It was also found that rather than dental professionals (17.7%), friends and acquaintances (30.2%) play a role in awareness.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study limited knowledge and awareness about dental implants was noticed and role of dentists for the information is lacking in our part of world.

Introduction: As implant dentistry becomes popular with each passing, need to understand its awareness in the general population exists. The aim of this study was to assess the public awareness of dental implants as a treatment option and its demographic distribution in the Indian Metropolitan City of Mumbai.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey consisting of 12 questions on implant treatment awareness was conducted on randomly selected 1000 individuals attending eight dental clinics in the city of Mumbai, India. Distribution for each question was assessed using frequencies and percentages for various sociodemographic groups.
Results: 32.30% of the participants were aware of dental implants as an option to replace missing teeth, without significant variance in gender and age groups ranging from 18 to 70 years. Awareness of dental implant treatment increased with the increase in socioeconomic status. Dentists were the main source of information on implants, followed by the internet. 46.8% of the participants wanted additional information on dental implants. Among those aware of implants, 62.85% of the participants regarded high cost of the treatment as the biggest disadvantage, 31.89% of the participants blamed their dental professional for the failure of implants, 48.92% of the participants thought implants would last a lifetime, and 85.45% of the participants were ready to restore their missing teeth with implant-based treatment options.
Conclusion: This study reveals that there is a lack of awareness of dental implants and implant-based treatment in the population, especially in those with a low socioeconomic status. However, a significant portion of the population wanted to have more information on dental implants. Special efforts to improve doctor-patient communications will be needed to bridge the information gap.

Treatment of a Class II Division I malocclusion using miniscrews: A case report

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Divij Dinesh JoshiDOI:10.4103/0974-6781.202155

This case report describes the use of temporary anchorage devices for an 18-year-old Indian girl with a skeletal Class II malocclusion. Class II skeletal base indicating a vertical growth pattern with prognathic maxilla and orthognathic mandible in relation to the anterior cranial base, bilateral Angle's Class II molar and canine relationship with proclined and forwardly placed upper and lower incisors with an overjet of 7 mm and an overbite of 2 mm, and a convex soft tissue profile with an acute nasolabial angle and potentially competent lips. The treatment includes the extractions of the maxillary first premolars and mandibular second premolars, fixed appliance mechanotherapy, miniscrew-aided maxillary anterior retraction, and protraction of mandibular molars. The Angle's Class II Division I malocclusion, proclined upper and lower anteriors, overjet of 7 mm, and convex soft tissue profile with potentially competent lips were corrected. The crowding and rotation along with proclined incisors were corrected significantly improving patient's facial profile. The trending use of implants in orthodontics for everyday troublesome and complicated protocols is comparatively much efficient and quicker with the aids of mini-implants.

The most frequent single molar to be replaced is the first mandibular molar because this tooth is lost first. Implantation in the posterior area is a predictable procedure over time. The low rate of complications in addition to the high long.term success rate makes implant restoration a reliable solution to treat posterior partial edentulism. The use of two implants to replace a single molar seems a logical treatment solution. The following case deals with the replacement of the lower right first molar having a previously failed root canal treatment with two narrow implants of diameter 3.5. mm and height 10. mm. Replacing a single missing molar with two narrow dental implants serves as a viable treatment option providing good and predictable long.term results.

Insufficient bone volume is a common problem encountered in the rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with implant-supported prostheses. The bone available for implant placement may be limited by the presence of the maxillary sinus together with loss of alveolar bone height and it may be increased by augmentation. This case report presents the rehabilitation of the right maxillary molar region using direct sinus lift followed by immediate placement of the implant. It helps in reducing the treatment time and increases the patient comfort.

Success of implant technology is due to several other factors such as biologic factors, local factors, and clinician and implant-related factors. Dental implant surface technologies have evolved rapidly in the recent times to enhance the bone formation on their surface. Following the placement of the implant, there is a predictable sequence of bone turnover and replacement at the interface that allows the newly formed bone to adapt to the implant surface. Chemical composition of the implant surface can differ markedly due to manufacturing, finishing, thermal treatment, blasting, etching, coatings, and even sterilization procedures. Based on these considerations, a careful control of implant surface composition becomes a relevant procedure to produce high-quality devices. This paper reviews the impact of various macrotopographical, microtopographical, and nanotopographical features at various stages of osseointegration and gauges the relative merits of various current innovations to the surface topography of titanium endosseous implants.