THE HERBAL CLASSIC OF SHEN NONG: "Expels pathogens; eliminates toxic heat and tightness in the chest, calms the mind, assuages pains of the limbs and trunk arising from hemiplegia and numbness of muscles. It clears the skin in cases where pores have been blocked because of nervousness, and clears sepsis from wounds."

SUPPLEMENT TO THE COMPENDIUM OF MATERIA MEDICA: "Sour in taste, promoting the secretion of sperm and appetitive, this herb astringes the lungs, arrests watery diarrhoea, arrests vomiting and astringes sweating. It allays asthma and ascariasis. Cold in nature, it can resolve pyogenic infections due to toxic heat. Astringent in property, it can relieve watery diarrhoea or dysentery." "Effective in cases of diabetes, night sweats, vomiting and loss of blood, prolonged dysentery and inflammation of the throat."