3 5.6 How to Upload, Download or Edit files in Yun Shield How to reset the Yun Shield? How to recover the Yun Shield in case firmware crash REFERENCE Yun Shield User Manual 3 / 32

4 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 What is Yun Shield Yun Shield is one of the most powerful shields for Arduino Board. Yun Shield is designed to solve the Internet connectivity and storage issue for Arduino Board. Yun Shield runs Open Source OpenWrt system (Same system as runs in Arduino Yun) and it is fully compatible with Arduino IDE v1.5.4 or later. Yun Shield is the ideally choice for Arduino Projects which require various internet connections and more storage. Basically, Yun Shield + Leonardo equally to the official Arduino Yun, but Yun Shield is more flexible because it can work with other Arduino board such as Uno, Duemilanove, Mega etc. And Yun Shield uses external wifi antenna which provides stability and possibility for various environments. 1.2 Specifications Processor: 400MHz, 24K MIPS Flash: 16MBytes RAM: 64MBytes Power Input: 4.75v ~ 23v via Arduino VIN pin 1 x 10M/100M RJ45 connector 150M WiFi b/g/n External Antenna via I-Pex connector 1 x USB 2.0 host connector, used for USB storage or 3G connection 1 x Reset button Compatible with 3.3v or 5v I/O Arduino. 1.3 Features Open source Linux (OpenWrt) inside Yun Shield User Manual 4 / 32

5 Low power consumption Compatible with Arduino IDE or later, user can program, debug or upload sketch to Arduino board via Arduino IDE. Managed by Web GUI, SSH via LAN or WiFi Software upgradable via network Built-in web server Support internet connection via LAN port, WiFi or 3G dongle. Support USB flash to provide storage for Arduino projects. Failsafe design provides robustly system. Compatible with Arduino Leonardo, Uno, Duemilanove, Diecimila, Mega 1.4 LEDs There are four LEDs on the Yun Shield. The functions of these LEDs are: PWR: Power Indicate LED. Turn on once there is power. LAN: Indicate there is LAN connection when it is on or blinking. WLAN: Indicate WiFi status. SYS: LED for USB storage. It is on if the USB flash are link to Arduino Yun default SD directory /mnt/sd and /www/sd Yun Shield User Manual 5 / 32

6 1.5 System Structure RJ45 Yun Shield SPI Failsafe Button WiFi Dragino HE module UART Arduino Leonardo, UNO, USB Host VIN +5V POWER: The Dragino HE is the core module of Yun Shield. The HE module requires around 200ma current when in full load, so it is powered by the Arduino VIN pins to avoid overheated in the Arduino onboard 5v LDO. So when Yun shield is in used, the Arduino board should be powered by DC port instead of USB port. The DC input can be 7v ~ 15v. Yun Shield User Manual 6 / 32

7 The USB Host of Yun Shield gets power from the Arduino +5v pin, since the +5v from Arduino comes from the +5V LDO, to avoid overheated on the Arduino Board, when the USB host is in used, it is recommended to use +7v DC. Interface: The RJ45, WiFi, USB Host and Failsafe are connected to the Dragino HE module directly. And the Dragino HE module use SPI and UART to communicate with Arduino Board. Yun Shield is compatible with 3.3v and 5v Arduino board. The on board jumper SV1 is used to set the SPI and UART to 3.3v or 5v level. The SPI interface is used to upload the sketches comes from the Arduino IDE. SPI interface only connects to Dragino HE during uploading so the Arduino SPI can still be used to connect to other SPI slave devices. The UART interface is used for the Bridge class in Arduino, there are lots of examples explain how to use the bridge class in the Arduino IDE. It is the core of Yun solution. We must make sure the serial Interface of Arduino is not used by other hardware. Yun Shield User Manual 7 / 32

8 2 CONFIGURE YUN SHIELD 2.1 Find the ip addresses The Yun Shield has a WiFi interface and a LAN port. Either of them has IP address, can be used for internet connection and device management. Factory IP of WiFi port At the first boot of Yun Shield, it will auto generate an unsecure WiFi network call Dragino2-xxxxxx User can use their laptop to connect to this WiFi network. The laptop will get an IP xxx and the Yun Shield has the default IP Fall Back IP A fall back IP / is assigned to Yun Shield's LAN port so user can always access Yun Shield with this ip if their laptop has the IP / Detect IP from Arduino IDE If Yun Shield s Ethernet port is connected to the uplink router or the WiFi interface is associated to the WiFi router. The PC in the same network can use Arduino IDE to detect Yun Shield s IP address as described in Detected Yun Shield. Yun Shield User Manual 8 / 32

9 2.2 Configure Method The Yun Shield runs Open Source Linux system. If user has a PC at the same network as Yun Shield, user can access its system via either Web Interface or Secure Shell (SSH) Access via web interface The recommended browsers to configure Yun Shield are Firefox and Chrome. Simply type the IP address into your browser and you will see the log in page of Yun Shield. Default User name and Password for Yun Shield is root/dragino Access via SSH Via SSH access, user can access to the Linux system directly and customized the system to support more features and applications. SSH Access: IP address: IP Address of Yun Shield Port: 22 User Name: root Password: dragino (default) Yun Shield User Manual 9 / 32

10 2.3 Web Configure Pages General Set Up After log in, the GUI will show the WIFI / ETH interface status. Click the Configure button and now user can configure the device password and network parameters. Select WiFi network and key in the password to connect your wifi router Arduino related set up Arduino Board Type: Define the bootloarder/mcu type/ fuse setting during Sketch upload. Operation Mode: make sure it is in Arduino Bridge mode so the Bridge class for Arduino Yun works. Yun Shield User Manual 10 / 32

11 2.3.3 Upgrade Yun Shield firmware can be upgraded via the GUI for bug fixes / system improvement or new features. Go to GUI Upgrade page and select the correct firmware to upgrade. The firmware used for web upgrade should be a sysupgrade type firmware, user can choose if keep settings or not after upgrade. Normally it will take about 2 minutes to flash the new firmware. Then all the LEDS will blink together which indicates that the system reboot with the new firmware. The firmware version info can be check from this link: Yun Firmware Change log Yun Shield User Manual 11 / 32

12 3 USE WITH ARDUINO BOARDS The Yun Shield use SPI for uploading sketch and use UART port for Bridge class to talk to the AVR. While connects Yun Shield to Arduino Board, below points should be checked: Whether the Arduino Board is power by DC jack If the board type setting is correct in Yun Shield. () If the board type setting is correct in Arduino IDE Whether the Arduino SPI and UART is not influenced by other hardware Make sure the UART mode is in Arduino Bridge mode. 3.1 Connects to Arduino Boards Connect to Leonardo Simply plug the Yun Shield on top of the Leonardo, and power the Leonardo via DC jack. In Arduino IDE, the board type should select Arduino Yun Connect to Arduino Uno 1) In UNO, the uart connection between mega328p and mega16u2 will influence the bridge feature with Yun Shield. So we have to disconnect it by set the mega16u2 into reset mode. As below: Note: USB upgrade/debug won t work after this change, User will have to upgrade sketch and debug via Arduino IDE via WiFi (see examples) 2) Add a Uno Yun board type in the file: Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\board.txt. as below and reopen the Arduino IDE: Yun Shield User Manual 12 / 32

14 3.1.3 Connect to Arduino Duemilanove/Diecimila 1) In Duemilanove/Diecimila, the mega avr uart interface is connected to the FTDI chip, we have to disconnect them as shown in below picture: 2) Add a Duemilanove Yun board type in the file: Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\board.txt. user can use the UnoYun board type if they has mega328p. for mega328/mega168/mega168p, they can modify the upload.maximum_data_size/ upload.maximum_size and build.mcu accordingly. 3) Put the Yun Shield on top of Duemilanove and power it via DC jack Connect to Arduino Mega2560 1) In Mega2560, the uart connection between mega2560 and mega16u2 will influence the bridge feature with Yun Shield. So we have to disconnect it by set the mega16u2 into reset mode. As below: 2) Add a Mega2560 Yun board type in the file: Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\board.txt. as below and reopen the Arduino IDE: ############################################################## Yun Shield User Manual 14 / 32

17 3.3 Upload Sketch 1) In the Arduino IDE, choose the correct board type for the AVR module. 2) In Arduino IDE port, choose the correct port. (should be Arduino Yun port with an ip address) 3) In the Yun Shield GUI Sensor page, choose the correct board type for upload. 4) Compile the sketch and upload it to the Arduino Board. During upload, The Yun Shield will ask you to key in the password, by default, the password is dragino. 3.4 Bridge Library The Bridge Library simplifies the communication between the Arduino Board and Yun Shield. Bridge commands from the AVR (Arduino Board) are interpreted by Python on the Yun Shield. Its role is to execute programs on the GNU/Linux side when asked by Arduino, provide a shared storage space for sharing data like sensor readings between the Arduino and the Internet, and receiving commands from the Internet and passing them directly to the Arduino. There are detail explain and lots of example to show how to use Bridge in the Arduino Official Website. Reference link is: Yun Shield User Manual 17 / 32

18 4 EXAMPLES 4.1 Example 1: Say hello to Linux Introduction: This example is a hello test between the Arduino and Yun Shield. The example can be found on the Arduino IDE--> File --> Examples --> Bridge --> ConsoleRead. Tutorial of this example can be found on Below listing the code and add some detail to understand it with the Yun Shield: Code: #include <Console.h> //use Console class for Arduino IDE debug over WiFi, similar to Serial class, String name; void setup() { // Initialize Console and wait for port to open: Bridge.begin(); Console.begin(); // Wait for Console port to connect while (!Console); Console.println("Hi, what's your name?"); //Data flow: Arduino --> Yun Shield --> Arduino IDE void loop() { if (Console.available() > 0) { char c = Console.read(); //read the next char received, data flow: IDE --> Yun Shield--> Arduino // look for the newline character, this is the last character in the string if (c == '\n') { //print text with the name received Console.print("Hi "); Console.print(name); Console.println("! Nice to meet you!"); Console.println(); // Ask again for name and clear the old name Console.println("Hi, what's your name?"); name = ""; // clear the name string else { // if the buffer is empty Cosole.read() returns -1 name += c; // append the read char from Console to the name string Screen Shot: Yun Shield User Manual 18 / 32

19 Yun Shield User Manual 19 / 32

20 4.2 Example 2: Upload data to IoT Server Introduction: This example shows how to log data to the public IoT server Xively. The example is a modified version(change Serial to Console to fit for different Arduino Board and debug over WiFi) from Arduino IDE--> File --> Examples --> Bridge --> XivelyClient. Tutorial of this example can refer Before upload the sketch, make sure: The Yun Shield already has internet access Input your FEED ID and API KEY according to the Tutorial. Note, The FEED ID should be within double quotation marks. Change Serial Class to Console class to fit for different AVRs. Below listing the code and add some detail to understand it with the Yun Shield: Code: // include all Libraries needed: #include <Process.h> //Process lib use to call Linux Commands in Yun Shield #include <Console.h> //Console lib, used to show debug info in Arduino IDE #include "passwords.h" // contains my passwords, see below /* NOTE: passwords.h is not included with this repo because it contains my passwords. You need to create it for your own version of this application. To do so, make a new tab in Arduino, call it passwords.h, and include the following variables and constants: #define APIKEY "foo" // replace your pachube api key here #define FEEDID 0000 // replace your feed ID #define USERAGENT "my-project" // user agent is the project name */ // set up net client info: const unsigned long postinginterval = 60000; //delay between updates to xively.com unsigned long lastrequest = 0; // when you last made a request String datastring = ""; void setup() { // start console: Bridge.begin(); Console.begin(); while (!Console); // wait for Network Serial to open Console.println("Xively client"); // Do a first update immediately updatedata(); senddata(); lastrequest = millis(); void loop() { Yun Shield User Manual 20 / 32

23 4.3 Example 3: Log Data to USB flash Introduction: This example shows how to log data to a USB flash. The sketch used in this example is same as h. And the source code is in this link. The Yun Shield will auto mount the USB flash to directory /mnt/sda1. And the sketch will append the sensor data to the file /mnt/sda1/data/datalog.csv. So make sure there is such file in the USB flash before running the sketch Code: #include <FileIO.h> #include <Console.h> //FileIO class allow user to operate Linux file system //Console class provide the interactive between IDE and Yun Shield void setup() { // Initialize the Console Bridge.begin(); Console.begin(); FileSystem.begin(); while(!console); // wait for Serial port to connect. Console.println("Filesystem datalogger\n"); void loop () { // make a string that start with a timestamp for assembling the data to log: String datastring; datastring += gettimestamp(); datastring += ", "; // read three sensors and append to the string: for (int analogpin = 0; analogpin < 3; analogpin++) { int sensor = analogread(analogpin); datastring += String(sensor); if (analogpin < 2) { datastring += ","; // separate the values with a comma // open the file. note that only one file can be open at a time, // so you have to close this one before opening another. // The USB flash card is mounted at "/mnt/sda1" by default File datafile = FileSystem.open("/mnt/sda1/data/datalog.csv", FILE_APPEND); // if the file is available, write to it: if (datafile) { datafile.println(datastring); datafile.close(); // print to the serial port too: Console.println(dataString); // if the file isn't open, pop up an error: else { Yun Shield User Manual 23 / 32

25 4.4 Example 4: Use MQTT Introduction: MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M)/"Internet of Things" connectivity protocol. It was designed as an extremely lightweight publish/subscribe messaging transport. It is useful for connections with remote locations where a small code footprint is required and/or network bandwidth is at a premium. For example, it has been used in sensors communicating to a broker via satellite link, over occasional dial-up connections with healthcare providers, and in a range of home automation and small device scenarios. It is also ideal for mobile applications because of its small size, low power usage, minimised data packets, and efficient distribution of information to one or many receivers. This example shows how to use Yun Shield with SSL MQTT protocol. Install required packages Install below packages for MQTT: opkg update opkg install libcares opkg install libopenssl opkg install libmosquitto opkg install mosquitto-client Test with public MQTT test server: test.mosquitto.org is a hosts a publicly available Mosquitto MQTT server/broker. User can post and subscribe to this MQTT server for testing. To test this server with SSL connection, user has to download the certificate authority file mosquitto.org.crt to verify the server connection. Open two SSH windows. In the first window, we subscribe to a topic with below command: mosquitto_sub -h test.mosquitto.org -p cafile mosquitto.org.crt -t dragino/device0/temperature This command will listen to this topic and display any change on the server. And in the other window, we publish the change by another command: mosquitto_pub -h test.mosquitto.org -p cafile mosquitto.org.crt -t dragino/device0/temperature -m 31 Once the publish command is issued, we can see the result will display in the subscribe command. Yun Shield User Manual 25 / 32

26 5 FAQ 5.1 What is the difference between the official Arduino Yun and Yun Shield? In Hardware Aspect Both Arduino Yun and Yun Shield have the same CPU, Memory size and RAM size for the Linux system. The Arduino Yun is an integrated of Linux Part and MCU part, Yun Shield is designed as a shield which can be used with exist Arduino boards. Basically, The Yun Shield + Arduino Leonardo equally to an Arduino Yun, but Yun Shield is more flexible because it can be used with other Arduino boards such as Arduino Uno, Duemilanove, Diecimila etc. Yun Shield is duplicable and producible: The design of Yun Shield is open and the most complicate and difficult parts are done in the Dragino HE module. User can purchase the Dragino HE module separately to customized their IoT project and release their variant Yun Solution. Stable and Flexible WiFi performance: Arduino Yun use chip antenna design, if there is a shield on top of the Arduino Yun, the wifi will be greatly shielded and lead to a poor wifi performance. Instead, Yun Shield use external Antenna design, user can connect different type of antennas to the i-pex connector of Yun Shield, this make the installation is more flexible and possible to transfer the signal to several km distance. In Software Aspect The Yun Shield software is derived from Arduino Yun with some bugs fixed; feature added and support more board types. 5.2 Is Yun Shield compatible with a variant Arduino Board? If the Arduino board is a variant from the boards described in Support Board Type, then it should be compatible. Below is the check list for the compatibility. The variant has 7~15v power in the VIN pin to power the Yun Shield. The variant has same definition and position of SPI pins in the ICSP header as the official board. The variant has same definition and position of D0 and D1 pins in the ICSP header in the official board. Check whether there are ICs connected to the SPI and UART of the AVR and evaluate if they will influence the communication between Yun Shield and the AVR MCU. The system structure section well explains the working principle of Yun Shield, if user still not sure if Yun Shield is compatible with their board or having trouble in the compatibility. Then can send the board info to and our support team will review and check it. Yun Shield User Manual 26 / 32

27 5.3 How to set up /www/sd and /mnt/sd? To use the /www/sd and /mnt/sd as the same as Arduino Yun, user can prepare a USB flash and create directory /arduino and /arduino/www at the root of USB flash. Then input the USB flash into the Yun Shield and it will automatically create /www/sd and /mnt/sd and link to /arduino and /arduino/www 5.4 Arduino IDE doesn t detect Yun Shield Check below points if this issue happens: The Arduino IDE version is or later Your PC and Yun Shield are in the same network. If Yun Shield boot in advance than Arduino IDE, this may happen. So try to power off/on the Yun Shield and check again. 5.5 Where can I find the source code of Yun Shield? The Yun Shield source can be found at: https://github.com/dragino/linino 5.6 How to Upload, Download or Edit files in Yun Shield Yun Shield has a built-in Linux system and support SCP protocol. User can upload, download or edit the Linux files using SCP tools. In windows OS, the scp tool is winscp. Install it and log into Yun Shield as below: Host Name: Yun Shield IP address User Name: root Password: arduino (default) Protocol: SCP The log in process will alter two warning, just ignore it. After log in, a management panel will appear. The left part of this panel is your PC s directories and the right part shows the directories of Yun Shield, you can upload/download files by dragging, or double click the files to modify its content. Yun Shield User Manual 27 / 32

28 Yun Shield User Manual 28 / 32

29 5.7 How to reset the Yun Shield? Yun Shield has a toggle button which can be used for reset. When the system of Yun Shield is running, user can press the toggle button to reset the device. If pressing the toggle button and release after 5 seconds, it will reset the WiFi setting and other settings will be kept. If pressing the toggle button and release after 30 seconds, it will reset ALL the setting to factory default. 5.8 How to recover the Yun Shield in case firmware crash There are some cases that the Yun Shield fails to boot, for example upgrade an improper firmware or lost power during upgrade. User is still able to recover the Yun Shield system by using the Failsafe u-boot of Yun Shield. An instruction in Windows is as below: Set up TFTP server Download the tftp server (recommend tftp32d.exe). And download the latest Yun firmware from The firmware we need is the kernel and rootfs-squashfs files. Put these firmware files and tftp32d at the same directory. Start the tftp server. Download Hercules utility Download Hercules, this is the tool we use to transfer commands to Yun Shield in Failsafe mode. Run Hercules and input correct parameters as below: Protocol: UDP Module IP: Port: 6666 Local port: 6666 Connect your PC to Yun Shield Connect the PC and Yun Shield via an Ethernet cable. Set up PC with below LAN IP and netmask Disable PC s firewall. Power up Yun Shield to Failsafe mode Yun Shield User Manual 29 / 32

30 Press the Failsafe button and power up Yun Shield; user will see all the LEDs blink together, release the button after 10 seconds and there are some messages will pop up in the Hercules panel, which means the Yun Shield has been in Failsafe Netconsole mode and ready to access commands. User can type the commands in Hercules to transfer and upgrade Yun Shield to the latest firmware with factory settings. The update commands are as below, replace the xxx with the actually version. Note when typing command in Hercules: user must add <CR> at the end of each command; $ is a special char in Hercules, user should double it (key two $$) when typing. Upgrade Kernel tftpboot 0x ms14-arduino-yun-kernel-xxx.bin erase 0x9fea x cp.b 0x x9fea0000 $filesize Upgrade rootfs tftpboot 0x ms14-arduino-yun--rootfs-squashfs-xxx.bin erase 0x9f xe50000 cp.b 0x x9f $filesize Reset to the new firmware reset Warning: User should use exactly address number in the erase and cp.b shows, wrong address number may properly destroy the boot-loader of Yun Shield and the device won t boot anymore. Or destroy the radio data of Yun Shield which may lead to a poor wifi performance or incorrect MAC addresses. Recover in Linux is similar with Windows, the mail different is that the tool use in Linux is nc and runs with nc -kul Below shows that the Yun Shield has been in Failsafe Netconsole mode and detected by nc. Yun Shield User Manual 30 / 32

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