Constitution, Government and Politics in India

In 1947, when India became independent from its British rulers, the country inherited a dismal economy. Owing to poor technological and scientific capabilities, industrialization was limited and lop-sided. India's agricultural sector exhibited features of feudal and semi-feudal institutions, resulting in low productivity. The political system was fragmented and national unity was in danger. Various factors were responsible for the political problems which were threatening the very existence of India as a nation. India's constitution, which became operative on January 26, 1950, provided for two layers of government: one at the central level and the other at the level of the states. A federal polity of this kind required a division of powers/responsibilities between the center and the states. Hence, the constitution described the legislative powers and functions of the two tiers of government. This book presents a comprehensive description and analysis of India's constitution, its system of government, and the dynamics of its politics.