Mark, Monastery of St.

Said to be located on the site of the Last Supper and named after the
Evangelist, the monastery is situated on mount Zion in Jerusalem.
Mention of the ‘House of Mark’ appears in the 9th cent. in the writings of
Iwannis of Dara. An inscription, discovered in 1940, reads ‘This
is the house of Mary, the Mother of John who was called Mark. And it was
proclaimed a church by the Holy Apostles in the name of the Mother of God,
Mary, after the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ into heaven. It was built
a second time after Jerusalem was destroyed at the hands of King Titus the
year 73 of Christ’. The dating in the inscription is peculiar as one would
expect a Seleucid calendar date, not a Christian one. Afram Barsoum dated
the inscription to the 6th cent. on paleographical grounds, while later
scholars assign it to after the Monastery was acquired by the Syr. Orth. in
the 15th cent. A monastery in the name of the Mother of God was purchased
from the Copts in 1471/2, before which the Syr. Orth. had owned other
properties in the city. Kaufhold identified this monastery with St. Mark’s
based on a note in the 17th-
cent.
ms. London, Brit. Libr. Egerton 704 which
was written in the ‘Holy Monastery of the Mother of God, called the House of
Mark’, and ordination lists from the 18th cent. It was around the late 1400s
that St. Mark’s became the seat of the Syr. Orth.
bp. of Jerusalem. The
monastery was renovated a number of times, the earliest known renovation
being in 1718 by Gregorios Shimʿun of Ṣalaḥ, followed by another renovation
by his successor Gregorios ʿAbd al-Aḥad b. Fanna of Mardin. Other
renovations took place during 1738–44 by Gregorios Jirjis Fattal of Aleppo,
during 1780–92 by Gregorios Bshara, and during 1833–40 by Gregorios ʿAbd
al-Aḥad Dajjala. The last two renovations from the 19th cent. were done by
Ostethewos ʿAbd al-Nūr of Edessa during
1840–77, and Gregorios Jirjis of Ṣadad in 1882. The monastery’s library
includes a fine collection of mss., ca. 15 of which date from the 7th to the
15th cent. The library itself was established probably in the 16th or 17th
cent., and the early mss. must have been brought from other monasteries in
the city, especially from the Monastery of Mary Magdalene, and elsewhere.
Some of the mss. of Dayr al-Zaʿfarān were transferred to it after World War I. In turn,
some of its mss. were transferred by Patr.
Afram I Barsoum to the Patriarchate in Ḥimṣ prior to the
Arab-Israeli war of 1948, and later to Damascus. A few of
the mss. were brought by Athanasios Yeshuʿ Samuel to the USA in 1948 and are kept now at
St. Mark’s Cathedral, Teaneck, NJ. A catalog of the library was compiled by
Dolabani. The monastery became famous with the first publication of the
discoveries of the Dead Sea Scrolls titled The Dead Sea
Scrolls of St. Mark’s Monastery. In addition to the main church
inside the monastery, dedicated to St. Mark, there is an adjacent chapel
dedicated to Mar Behnam.