6 Lebendiges Geld Living money Das lateinische Wort für Vieh lautet pecus. Davon leitet sich in der Sprache der alten Römer der Begriff pecunia für Geld ab. Vieh wurde in frühen Kulturen häufig auch als Geld genutzt. Es diente dabei allerdings vor allem als Wertmaßstab und Recheneinheit, also als ein Gut, an dem der Wert eines anderen Gutes bemessen wird. Zum unmittelbaren Tauschen waren Rinder sicherlich wenig geeignet. Im Laufe der Geschichte haben sich deshalb andere Geldformen, wie etwa Münzen, als Zahlungsmittel durchgesetzt. Symbolisch für das tierische Geld steht am Eingang des Geldmuseums ein nachgebildetes Rind. The Latin word for a head of cattle is pecus ; this is the origin of the Latin term pecunia, meaning money. In ancient cultures, cattle were often used as a means of payment. However, they were mainly used as a measure of value or an arithmetical unit a good against which the comparative value of another good could be measured. Cows would certainly not have been very suitable as objects of direct exchange. For this reason, other means of payment, such as coins, became more widely accepted in the course of time. The life-size model of a cow at the entrance of the Money Museum symbolises this use of animals as a form of money.

7 ecus

8 Eulen aus Athen Owls from Athens Die ältesten Münzen stammen aus dem östlichen Mittelmeerraum und lassen sich in die Mitte des 7. Jahrhunderts vor Christus datieren. Damals wurden Metallklümpchen mit einer Prägung versehen und als Zahlungsmittel eingesetzt. Die Idee von genormten und geprägten Münzen verbreitete sich schnell. Die frühen Münzen zeigen Symbole aus Natur und Mythologie, später folgten Herrscherporträts. Weit verbreitet waren Silbermünzen aus Athen. Sie zeigen auf der einen Seite einen Athenakopf und auf der anderen Seite eine Eule. Die Griechen sind dieser Tradition treu geblieben und bilden auf ihrer heutigen Ein-Euro-Münze eine Eule ab. The oldest coins come from the Eastern Mediterranean and date back to the middle of the seventh century BC. At that time, pieces of metal would be embossed and then used as a form of payment. The idea of using standardised embossed coins spread rapidly. The early coins bore symbols inspired by the natural world and mythology; later came portraits of leaders. Silver coins from Athens were distributed very widely. They show a portrait of Athena on one side and an image of an owl on the other. The Greeks have kept this tradition alive to this day their one euro coins still bear the image of an owl. E

12 rutu Atte Eine mörderische Prägung Murderous messages Brutus ließ auf die von ihm geprägten Münzen sein Bildnis setzen, wie auch eine Kappe und zwei Dolche. Durch Bild und Inschrift tat er kund, dass er, zusammen mit Cassius, das Vaterland befreit hatte. Das Ereignis, auf das der römische Geschichtsschreiber Cassius Dio hier hinwies, war das Attentat auf Caesar am 15. März 44 vor Christus, das von Brutus und anderen Verschwörern begangen wurde. Diese Begebenheit illustriert, dass Münzen immer auch ein Kommunikationsmittel waren. Sie liefen im ganzen Land um und konnten damit Botschaften und Informationen verbreiten, zum Beispiel wie der Landesherr aussah oder welche Frisur die Kaiserin trug. Brutus stamped upon the coins which were being minted his own likeness and a cap and two daggers, indicating by this and by the inscription that he and Cassius had liberated the fatherland. The event described here by Roman historian Cassius Dio was the murder of Caesar on 15 March 44 BC, which was perpetrated by a group of conspirators led by Brutus. This is a good example of how coins have always had an additional function as a means of communication. They would circulate throughout a country and could therefore be used to pass on messages and information, such as what the ruler of the country looked like or how the empress was styling her hair.

13 s ntat

14 Gewo Verwendet richtige Waagen Ye shall have just balances ein Schekel soll bei euch zwanzig Gera entsprechen heißt es schon im Alten Testament. Bereits in frühen Münzbezeichnungen wie Schekel, Stater oder Litra sind Bezüge zu Waagen und Gewichten erkennbar. and the shekel shall be twenty gerahs This quote comes from the Old Testament. Even the early names for coins, such as shekel, stater and litra, clearly reflect the relationship between money, weights and scales. Bis in das 19. Jahrhundert hinein waren Münzwaagen im täglichen Geldverkehr unentbehrlich, da Münzen aus Edelmetall nach Gewicht und Feingehalt gehandelt wurden. Es galt zu prüfen, ob eine Münze das festgesetzte Gewicht und den vorgeschriebenen Feingehalt und damit den Kaufwert besaß, den ihr Äußeres versprach. Coin scales formed an essential part of day-to-day transactions until the 19th century, as coins made from precious metals were traded according to their weight and metal standard. It was important to check whether the weight and standard and thus also the value of each coin were really as good as they outwardly seemed. My dear friend, these scales will show you most accurately where the heaviest money lies. On a weighing scale by Johann Wilhelm Herbertz

24 ie Mark Eine wechselvolle Geschichte An eventful history Die Geschichte der Mark begann mit der deutschen Reichsgründung im Jahre Sie löste die alten Landeswährungen Taler (Norddeutschland) und Gulden (Süddeutschland) ab. 130 Jahre rechneten und dachten die Deutschen dann ausschließlich in Mark : Goldmark, Papiermark, Reichsmark, Rentenmark, D-Mark oder Mark der DDR. Der Abschied von ihrer D-Mark fiel den Deutschen schwer. Schließlich zählte sie nach ihrer Einführung im Jahr 1948 über ein halbes Jahrhundert hinweg zu den stabilsten Währungen der Welt. The story of the German mark began when the German Reich was founded in The mark replaced the thaler (in northern Germany) and the gulden (in southern Germany). For 130 years, Germans did all of their sums and, indeed, thought in Mark : the Goldmark, the Papiermark, the Reichsmark, the Rentenmark, the Deutsche Mark and the Mark of the GDR. Many Germans did not find it easy to give up their Deutsche Mark. After all, following its introduction in 1948, it had gone on to become one of the most stable currencies in the world for half a century.

34 Welt gel Alles Geld der Welt All the money in the world Derzeit gibt es weltweit über 160 offizielle Währungen, die von den jeweiligen Zentralbanken herausgegeben werden. Die Banknoten gelten bisweilen als die Visitenkarte eines Landes. Häufig werden die Porträts bedeutsamer Persönlichkeiten sowie nationale Symbole auf Banknoten abgebildet. Auch Motive aus der heimischen Tier- und Pflanzenwelt finden sich oft, zudem traditionelle Zahlungsmittel, die einen Bezug zur eigenen Geldgeschichte herstellen. Die Bezeichnungen für frühere Geldformen wurden vereinzelt sogar für moderne Währungen übernommen: Kina eine Muschelart in Papua-Neuguinea und Cauri eine Schneckenart im afrikanischen Guinea. There are currently over 160 official currencies in the world, which are issued by the respective central banks. Banknotes are sometimes viewed as a country s calling card. Banknotes often bear portraits of notable individuals or national symbols. Designs featuring the flora and fauna of the place in question are also common, as well as depictions of traditional means of payment as a reference to local monetary history. In a few cases, the names for earlier forms of money were even used for modern currencies: the kina a type of shell in Papua New Guinea, and the cowrie a species of snail in Guinea (West Africa).

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