Sub regions: Palaearctic region has been divided into four sub regions.

1. European Sub-region: Northern and central Europe, Black sea and caucasus rare included in it. It is represented by 85 families of vertebrates. Amphibians and Reptiles are represented with six families each. Myogale, only one genus of mammal is present. Bird like Tits, wagtails, mammals like wolf and moles are common in this sub-region.

2. Mediterranean Sub-region: Remaining parts of Europe; Africa and Arabian portions are included in it. 124 families of terrestrial vertebrates are present. Birds like Upupa and Pastor, mammals like elephant scurew, Hyaena and porcupine are seen in this sub-region.

3. Siberian sub-region: Northern Asia, Himalayas are included in it. 94 families of vertebrates are included in it. Families of Musk deer and Moles are ccnfined to this sub-region.