Zinc

Introduction

Zinc is necessary for the functioning of over 300 different enzymes and, as such, it plays a vital role in an enormous number of biological processes. Much attention has been placed on this mineral for its role in the immune system. In humans, the highest concentrations of zinc are found in the liver, pancreas, kidneys, bone, and muscles.

The best dietary sources of zinc are lean meats, liver, eggs, and seafood (especially oysters). Whole grain breads and cereals are also good sources of zinc.

Dosage Info

Dosage Range

2-50mg elemental zinc daily. Doses of zinc sulfate as high as 220mg, three times a day have been evaluated for the treatment of sickle cell disease. (1)

Reported Uses

Zinc helps regulate a wide variety of immune system functions and it may stimulate anti-viral activity. (2) , (3) , (4) Because of these benefits, it has been studied for use as a treatment for the common cold. (5) , (6) It is also a component of one of the body’s important antioxidants and may facilitate wound healing, especially burns, surgical, and scars. (7)

Zinc also plays an important role in the reproductive system where it is necessary for the development of sperm, for ovulation and for fertilization. Zinc deficiency during pregnancy may have an effect on fetal and maternal health. It is also involved in sensory perceptions like taste, smell and vision. Zinc may also be involved with controlling blood sugar levels and has been studied for use in the support of the symptoms of diabetes. (8) , (9)

Zinc has been studied for use in a wide range of other disorders. Zinc supplementation may support healthy skin and inhibit acne, eczema and psoriasis. (10) , (11) , (12) Also, zinc may have anti-inflammatory properties that could benefit arthritis sufferers. (13) , (14) , (15)

Other potential benefits, zinc may support prostate health and prevent the progression of benign prostate enlargement. Zinc has been used with positive results to treat stomach ulcers and inflammatory bowel disease. (16) , (17) , (18) Zinc supplementation may support healthy vision and prevent macular degeneration. (19) , (20) And finally, because zinc enhances vitamin D activity, it may play a supportive role in fighting osteoporosis. (21) , (22) , (23)

Toxicities & Precautions

Introduction

Be sure to tell your pharmacist, doctor, or other health care providers about any dietary supplements you are taking. There may be a potential for interactions or side effects.

General

Doses of 45mg per day are safe, but regular intake greater than 150mg per day could be a problem. Zinc toxicity can cause diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting, loss of muscle coordination and lethargy. Tell your doctor if any of these effects occur.

Side Effects

Side effects are possible with any dietary supplement. The zinc gluconate lozenges may cause a mild stomach upset and a metallic taste in the mouth while using them. (24) Other forms of zinc supplementation have been associated with nausea and vomiting when taken in larger doses. Tell your doctor if these side effects become severe or do not go away.

Pregnancy / Breast Feeding

To date, the medical literature has not reported any adverse effects related to fetal development in well nourished pregnant women eating a well-balanced diet or to infants who are breast-fed. Proper nutrition is essential during pregnancy for the healthy development of the fetus. Numerous vitamins and minerals are a vital part of proper nutrition. If you are pregnant, think you might be pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or breast-feeding an infant, talk to your healthcare professional about supplementing your diet with appropriate vitamins and minerals.

Age Limitations

To date, the medical literature has not reported any adverse effects specifically related to the use of this dietary supplement in children. Vitamins and minerals are an essential part of proper growth and development. Talk to your healthcare professional about the appropriate use of vitamins and minerals in children. Do not use any vitamin or mineral in children under 2 years of age unless first discussed with your healthcare professional.