Gabala - A titular see of Syria PrimaGabbatha - The Aramaic appellation of a place in Jerusalem, designated also under the Greek name of LithostrotosGaboon - Formerly called the Vicariate Apostolic of the Two GuineasGabriel the Archangel, Saint - One of the three archangels mentioned in the BibleGabriel, Brothers of Saint - Originally founded by St. Louis Grignon de Montfort in 1705, but it did not spread much till it was amalgamated with one founded in 1835 by Monsignor Deshayes. Vicar-General of RennesGabriel Possenti, Blessed - Passionist student, d. 1862Gabriel Sionita - A learned Maronite, famous for his share in the publication of the Parisian polyglot of the Bible; b. 1577, at Edden on the Lebanon; d. 1648Gad - A proper name which designates in the Bible, (I), a patriarch; (II), a tribe of Israel; (III), a prophet; (IV), a pagan deityGadara - A titular see of Palaestina Prima; there were two sees of this name, one in Palaestina Prima, the other in Palaestina SecundaGaddi, Agnolo, Giovanni, and Taddeo - Florentine artists, Taddeo being the father of Agnolo and GiovanniGaeta - Archdiocese in the province of Caserta in Campania (Southern Italy)Gaetano, Saint - Also known as St. Gaetano. Biography of the founder of the TheatinesGagarin, Ivan Sergejewitch - Of the Russian family which traces its origin to the ancient rulers of Starodub; born at Moscow, 1 August, 1814; died at Paris, 19 July, 1882Gagliardi, Achille - Ascetic writer and spiritual director; born at Padua, Italy, in 1537; died at Modena, 6 July, 1607Gahan, William - A priest and author; born 5 June, 1732, in the parish of St. Nicholas, Dublin; died there, 6 December, 1804Gaillard, Claude Ferdinand - French engraver and painter; b. at Paris, 7 Jan., 1834; d. there, 27 Jan., 1887Gal, Saint - The sixteenth and twenty-third bishops of Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergne) were both named Gal, and both are saints. The first St. Gal was bishop from 527 to 551, and the second, from 640-650Galantini, Ippolito, Blessed - Founder of the Christian Congregation of Florence, d. 1619Galatians, Epistle to the - Background on Galatia, purpose and date, a summary of its contents, its importance and a discussion of some difficultiesGalatino, Pietro Colonna - Friar Minor, philosopher, theologian, Orientalist; b. at Galatia (now Cajazzo) in Apulia; d. at Rome, soon after 1539Galerius, Valerius Maximianus - Galerius, a native of Illyria, was made Caesar 1 March, 293, by Diocletian, whose daughter Valeria he married and who in turn adopted her husbandGalien, Joseph - Dominican, professor of philosophy and theology at the University of Avignon, meteorologist, physicist, and writer on aeronautics; b. 1699Galilee - The native land of Jesus Christ, where He began His ministry and performed many of His works, and whence He drew His ApostlesGalilei, Alessandro - An eminent Florentine architect; born 1691; died 1737Galilei, Galileo - Although in the popular mind Galileo is remembered chiefly as an astronomer, it was not in this character that he made really substantial contributions to human knowledge, but rather in the field of mechanics, and especially of dynamics, which science may be said to owe its existence to himGalitzin, Elizabeth - Princess, religious of the Sacred Heart; born at St. Petersburg, 22 February, 1797; died in Louisiana, 8 December, 1843Gall, Saint - Late sixth- to early seventh-century Irish hermitGall, Abbey of Saint - In Switzerland, Canton St. Gall, 30 miles southeast of Constance; for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe; founded about 613, and named after Gallus, an Irishman, the disciple and companion of St. Columbanus in his exile from LuxeuilGalla, Saint - A Roman widow of the sixth century; feast, 5 OctoberGalla - Vicariate Apostolic embracing the territory of the Galla or Oromo tribes in AbyssiniaGallait, Louis - Flemish painter; born at Tournai, 10 May, 1810; died in Brussels, 20 November, 1887Galland, Antoine - French Orientalist and numismatist, b. at Rollot, near Montdidier, in Picardy, 1646, d. at Paris, 1715Gallandi, Andrea - Oratorian and patristic scholar, born at Venice, 7 December, 1709; died there 12 January, 1779, or 1780Galle - Diocese in Ceylon, created by Leo XIII 25 Aug., 1893Gallego, Juan Nicasio - Priest and poet; born at Zamora, Spain, 14 December, 1777; died at Madrid, 9 January, 1853Galletti, Pietro Luigi - Benedictine, historian and archaeologist; b. at Rome in 1724; d. there, 13 December, 1790Gallia Christiana - A documentary catalogue or list, with brief historical notices, of all the dioceses and abbeys of France from the earliest times, also of their occupantsGallicanism - This term is used to designate a certain group of religious opinions for some time peculiar to the Church of France, or Gallican Church, and the theological schools of that countryGallican Rite, The - The rite which prevailed in Gaul until about the middle or end of the eighth centuryGallicanus, Saints - Three saints by this name commemorated on 25 JuneGallienus, Publius Licinius Egnatius - Roman emperor; b. about 218; d. at Milan, 4 March, 268Gallifet, Joseph de - French Jesuit (1663-1749)Gallipoli - Diocese in the province of Lecce (Southern Italy)Gallitzin, Adele Amalie - Princess; b. at Berlin, 28 Aug., 1748; d. at Angelmodde, near Muenster, Westphalia, 17 April, 1806Gallitzin, Demetrius Augustine - Prince, priest, and missionary (1770-1840)Galloway, Diocese of - Situated in the southwest of ScotlandGalluppi, Pasquale - Philosopher, b. at Tropea, in Calabria, 2 April, 1770; d. at Naples, 13 Dec., 1846, where from 1831 he was a professor in the universityGalura, Bernhard - Prince-Bishop of Brixen; b. 21 August, 1764, at Herbolzheim, Bresigau; d. 17 May, 1856Gallwey, Peter - Famous London priest (1820-1906)Galtelli-Nuoro - Diocese in the province of Sassari (Sardinia), suffragan of CaglariGalvani, Luigi - Physician, b. at Bologna, Italy, 9 September, 1737; d. there, 4 December, 1798Galveston - The Diocese of Galveston was established in 1847 and comprises that part of the State of Texas, U.S.A., between the Sabine River on the east, the Colorado River on the west, the Gulf of Mexico on the south, and the northern line of the counties of Lampasas, Coryell, McLennan, Limestone, Freestone, Anderson, Cherokee, Nacogdoches, and Shelby on the northGalway and Kilmacduagh - Diocese in Ireland; an amalgamation of two distinct ancient seesGama, Vasco da - The discover of the sea route to East Indies; born at Sines, Province of Alemtejo, Portugal, about 1469; died at Cochin, India, 24 December, 1524Gamaliel - Famous Pharisee and RabbiGamans, Jean - Priest and missionary (1606-1684)Gambling - The staking of money or other thing of value on the issue of a game of chanceGams, Pius Bonifacius - Ecclesiastical historian (1816-1892)Gandolphy, Peter - Jesuit preacher; b. in London, 26 July, 1779; d. at East Sheen, Surrey, 9 July, 1821Gangra - A titular see in the province of PaphlagoniaGansfort, John Wessel - A fifteenth-century Dutch theologian, born at Groeningen in 1420; died there on 4 Oct., 1489Gap - Diocese; suffragan of Aix, includes the department of the Hautes-AlpesGarcía, Anne - Better known as Anne of St. Bartholomew. Biography of one of the first Discalced Carmelites. She died in 1626Garcia, Saint Gonsalo - Biography of the Franciscan martyr born in VasaiGarcía Moreno, Gabriel - Ecuadorean patriot and statesman; b. at Guayaquil, 24 December, 1821; assassinated at Quito, 6 August, 1875Garcilasso de la Vega - Spanish poet (1503-1536)Garcilasso de la Vega - Historian of Peru (1539-1617)Gardellini, Aloisio - Born at Rome, 4 Aug., 1759; died there, 8 Oct., 1829, famous chiefly for his collection of the decrees of the Congregation of RitesGaresché, Julius Peter - Soldier; born 26 April, 1821, near Havana, Cuba; killed at the battle of Stone River, Tennessee, U.S.A., 31 December, 1862Garet, Jean - Benedictine of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, born at Havre about 1627; died at Jumieges, 24 September, 1694Gargara - A titular see in the province of Asia, suffragan of EphesusGarin, André - An Oblate missionary and parish priest (1822-1895)Garland - A wreath of flowers or evergreens formerly used in connection with baptismal, nuptial, and funeral rites, as well as in solemn processionsGarland, John - English poet and grammarian, who lived in the middle of the thirteenth centuryGarlick, Venerable Nicholas - Short biography of the English priest and martyr. Also some information on fellow martyr Robert Ludlam. They died in 1588Garneau, François-Xavier - French Canadian historian (1809-1866)Garnet, Henry - English martyr, b. 1553-4; d. 1606Garnet, Saint Thomas - Biography of the English priest and martyr, who died in 1608Garnier, Charles - Short biography of the Jesuit missionary and martyrGarnier, Jean - Church historian, patristic scholar, and moral theologian; b. at Paris, 11 Nov., 1612; d. at Bologna, 26 Nov., 1681Garnier, Julien - Jesuit missionary, born at Connerai, France, 6 January, 1642; d. in Quebec, 1730Garrucci, Raffaele - A historian of Christian art, b. at Naples, 22 January, 1812; d. at Rome, 5 May, 1885Garzon - Suffragan diocese of Popayan in the Republic of ColombiaGaspare del Bufalo, Blessed - Founder of the Missionaries of the Most Precious Blood, died 1837Gaspe, Philippe-Aubert de - French Canadian writer, b. at Quebec, 30 Oct., 1786, of a family ennobled by Louis XIV in 1693, d. 29 Jan., 1871Gassendi, Pierre - French philosopher and scientist. Article by J.G. Hagen covers Gassendi's life and work in some detailGasser von Valhorn, Joseph - Austrian sculptor, b. 22 Nov., 1816 at Praegraten, Tyrol; d. 28 Oct., 1900Gassner, Johann Joseph - A celebrated exorcist; b. 22 Aug., 1727, at Braz, Vorarlberg, Austria; d. 4 April, 1779Gaston, William - Jurist: b. at Newbern, North Carolina, U.S.A., 19 Sept., 1778: d. at Raleigh, North Carolina, 28 January 1844Gatianus, Saint - First bishop of Tours, d. 301Gau, Franz Christian - Architect and archaeologist, b. at Cologne, 15 June, 1790; d. at Paris, January, 1854Gaubil, Antoine - French Jesuit and missionary to China, b. at Gaillac (Aveyron), 14 July, 1689; d. at Peking, 24 July, 1759Gaudentius, Saint - Successor of St. Philastrius as bishop of Brescia. Gaudentius died c. 410Gaudentius of Brescia - A theologian of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchins; b. at Brescia in 1612; d. at Oriano, 25 March, 1672Gaudete Sunday - The third Sunday of Advent, so called from the first word of the Introit at Mass (Gaudete, i.e. Rejoice)Gaudier, Antoine de - A writer on asectic theology; b. at Chateau-Thierry, France, 7 January, 1572; d. at Paris, 14 April, 1622Gaudiosus - Bishop of Tarazona (Turiasso), Spain; died about 540Gaul, Christian - The Church of Gaul first appeared in history in connexion with the persecution at Lyons under Marcus Aurelius (177)Gaultier, Aloisius-Edouard-Camille - Priest and schoolmaster; b. at Asti, Piedmont, about 1745; d. at Paris, 18 Sept., 1818Gaume, Jean-Joseph - French theologian and author, b. at Fuans (Franche-Comte) in 1802; d. in 1879Gavantus, Bartolommeo - Liturgist, a member of the Barnabite Order; b. at Monza, 1569; d. at Milan, 14 August, 1638Gaza - A titular see of Palaestina Prima, in the Patriarchate of JerusalemGazzaniga, Pietro Maria - A theologian, b. at Bergamo, Italy, 3 March, 1722; d. at Vicenza, 11 Dec., 1799Gebhard (III) of Constance - Bishop of that city and strenuous defender of papal rights against imperial encroachments during the Investitures conflict; b. about 1040; d. 12 November, 1110Gebhart, Emile - French professor and writer, b. 19 July, 1839, at Nancy; d. 22 April, 1908Gedeon - One of the Greater Judges of Israel. He belonged to the tribe of Manasses, and to the family of AbiezerGédoyn, Nicolas - A French translator and literary critic; b. at Orleans, 17 June, 1667; d. 10 August, 1744Gegenbauer, Josef Anton - An accomplished German historical and portrait painter, b. 6 March, 1800, at Wangen, Wuertemberg; d. 31 January, 1876, at RomeGeiler von Kayserberg, Johann - A celebrated German pulpit orator, b. at Schaffhausen, Switzerland, 16 March, 1445; d. at Strasburg, 10 March, 1510Geissel, Johannes von - Cardinal, Archbishop of Cologne, b. 5 February, 1796, at Gimmeldingen, in the Palatinate; d. 8 September, 1864, at CologneGelasius I, Pope Saint - An assessment of his pontificate. He died in 496Gelasius II, Pope - Reigned 1118-1119Gelasius of Cyzicus - Ecclesiastical writer, son of a priest of Cyzicus, and wrote in Bithynia, about 475, to prove against the Eutychians, that the Nicene Fathers did not teach MonophysitismGemblours - A suppressed Benedictine monastery on the river Orneau in Belgium, founded c. 945 by St. Guibert (Wibert) and dedicated to St. Peter the Apostle and the holy martyr ExuperiusGenealogy (in the Bible) - The word genealogy occurs only twice in the New Testament. In these passages commentators explain the word as referring to the Gentile theogonies, or to the Essene generation of angels, or to the emanation of spirits and aeons as conceived by the Gnostics, or to the genealogies of Jesus Christ, or finally to the genealogies of the Old Testament construed into a source of an occult doctrineGenealogy of Christ - Offers the genealogy according to Saint Matthew and Saint LukeGeneral Judgment - To it the prophets of the Old Testament refer when they speak of the 'Day of the Lord' (Joel 3:4; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), in which the nations will be summoned to judgment. In the New Testament the second Parusia, or coming of Christ as Judge of the world, is an oft-repeated doctrineGénebrard, Gilbert - Benedictine exegete and Orientalist, b. 12 December, 1535, at Riom, in the department of Puy-de-Dome; d. 16 Feb., 1597General Chapter - The daily assembling of a community for purposes of discipline and administration of monastic affairs has always included the reading of a chapter of the rule, and thus the assembly itself came to be called the chapter and the place of meeting the chapter-houseGeneration - Definitions include: a definite period of time, with a special reference to the average length of man's life; an indefinite period of time, of time past; the men who lived in the same period of time who were contemporaries; a race or class of men; and a dwelling place or habitationGenesareth - This is the name given to the Lake of Tiberias in Luke 5:1Genesius - Five people with this name including: Genesius of Rome; Genesius of Arles; Genesius, Bishop of Clermont; Genesius Count of Clermont; and Genesius of LyonsGenevieve, Saint - Patroness of Paris, d. 512Genezareth, Land of - By this name is designated in Mark, vi, 53, a district of Palestine bordering on the Sea of Galilee, and which in the parallel passage of Matthew (xiv, 34) is called 'the country of Genesar'Genga, Girolamo - A painter, born at Urbino in 1476; died at the same place, 1551Génicot, Edward - Moral theologian, b. at Antwerp, Belgium, 18 June, 1856; d. at Louvain, 21 February, 1900Gennadius I, Saint - Patriarch of Constantinople, d. 471Gennadius II - His original name was George Scholarius. Born about 1400, was first a teacher of philosophy and then judge in the civil courts under the Emperor John VIIIGennadius of Marseilles - A priest whose chief title to fame is his continuation of St. Jerome's catalogue 'De Viris illustribus'Gennings, Edmund and John - The first, a martyr for the Catholic Faith, and the second, the restorer of the English province of Franciscan friars, were brothers and converts to the ChurchGenoa - Archdiocese in Liguria, Northern ItalyGentile da Fabriano - Italian painter; b. probably about 1378 in the District of the Marches; d. probably 1427Gentiles - In the English versions of both Testaments it collectively designates the nations distinct from the Jewish peopleGentili, Aloysius - Proficient in poetry, displayed considerable musical aptitude, had a taste for mechanical and electrical science and was devoted to the cultivation of modern languages, applying himself more particularly to the study of English (1801-1848)Genuflexion - To genuflect, to bend the kneeGeoffrey of Clairvaux - A disciple of Bernard, was b. between the years 1115 and 1120, at Auxerre; d. some time after the year 1188Geoffrey of Dunstable - Abbot of St. Alban's, d. at St. Alban's, 26 Feb., 1146Geoffrey of Monmouth - Abbot of St. Alban's, d. at St. Alban's, 26 Feb., 1146Geoffrey of Vendôme - A cardinal, b. in the second half of the eleventh century of a noble family, at Angers, France; d. there, 26 March, 1132Geography, Biblical - With the exception of the didactic literature, there is no book in the Bible which, to a greater or less extent, does not contain mention of, or allusions to, the geography and topography of the Holy LandGeography and the Church - Explains the nature of this science and the course of its evolutionGeorge, Saint - Long, scholarly article on St. George, martyr, patron saint of EnglandGeorge, Orders of Saint - Knights of St. George appear at different historical periods and in different countries as mutually independent bodies having nothing in common but the veneration of St. George, the patron of knighthoodGeorge Hamartolus - A monk at Constantinople under Michael III (842-867) and the author of a chronicle of some importanceGeorge of Trebizond - A Greek scholar of the early Italian Renaissance; b. in Crete (a Venetian possession from 1206-1669), 1395; d. in Rome, 1486George Pisides - A Byzantine poet who lived in the first half of the seventh centuryGeorge the Bearded - Duke of Saxony, b. at Dresden, 27 August, 1471; d. in the same city, 17 April, 1539Georgetown University - Founded immediately after the Revolutionary War, by the incorporated Catholic Clergy of Maryland, who selected from their Body Trustees, and invested them with full power to choose a President and appoint Professors. Since the year 1805, it has been under the direction of Society of Jesus'Georgia - The largest of the original thirteen United States; bounded on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina, on the east by the Savannah River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Florida, and on the west by Florida and AlabamaGeorgius Syncellus - The author of one of the more important medieval Byzantine chronicles, died after 810Gerace - Diocese in the province of Reggio in Calabria (Southern Italy)Gerald, Saint - English monk, Bishop of Mayo, d. 731. Brief biographyGeraldton - Diocese in Australia, established in 1898, suffragan of AdelaideGéramb, Baron Ferdinand de - In religion, Brother Mary Joseph; Abbot and procurator-general of La Trappe, came of a noble and ancient family in Hungary; b. in Lyons, 14 Jan., 1772; d. at Rome, 15 March, 1848Gérando, Joseph-Marie de - French statesman and writer, born at Lyons, 29 February, 1772; died at Paris, 10 November, 1842Gérard, Abbot of Brogne, Saint - Soldier turned monk, d. 959Gerard, Bishop of Toul, Saint - Biography of this tenth-century bishopGerard, Archbishop of York - Date of birth unknown; died at Southwell, 21 May, 1108Gerard, John - Jesuit; born 4 October, 1564; died 27 July, 1637Gerard, Ven. Miles - Priest martyred in 1590Gerard, Richard - Confessor; born about 1635; died 11 March, 1680Gerard Majella, Saint - Tailor, Redemptorist, called 'Father of the Poor,' d. 1755Gerard of Cremona - A twelfth-century student of Arabic science and translator from Arabic into Latin; born at Cremona, in 1114; died in 1187Gerardus Odonis - Also Geraldus Othonis, or Ottonis, a medieval theologian and Minister General of the Franciscan Order; born probably at Chateauroux, in the present department of Indre, France, date unknown; died at Catania, Sicily, 1348Gerasa - A titular see in the province of Arabia and the Patriarchate of AntiochGerberon, Gabriel - A Benedictine of the Maurist Congregation (1628-1711)Gerbet, Olympe-Phillipe - A French bishop and writer; b. at Poligny (Jura), 1798; d. at Perpignan (Pyrenees Orientales), 1864Gerbillon, Jean-François - French missionary; born at Verdun, 4 June, 1654; died at Peking, China, 27 March, 1707Gerdil, Hyacinthe Sigismond - Cardinal and theologian; b. at Samoëns in Savoy, 20 June, 1718; d. at Rome, 12 August 1802Gerhard of Zütphen - Born at Zuetphen, 1367; died at Windesheim, 1398; a mystical writer and one of the first of the Brothers of the Common Life, founded by Gerhard Groote and Florentius Radewyn at Deventer, in the NetherlandsGerhoh of Reichersberg - Provost of that place and Austin canon, one of the most distinguished theologians of Germany in the twelfth century, b. at Polling, Bavaria, 1093; d. at Reichersberg, 27 June, 1169Germain, Saint, Bishop of Auxerre - A married lawyer, rather worldly, became Bishop of Auxerre, d. 448 or 450. BiographyGermain, Saint, Bishop of Paris - Monk, Bishop of Paris, d. 576Germaine Cousin, Saint - Sickly, pious shepherdess, cruelly treated by her stepmother. St. Germaine died in 1601, at the age of 22German Gardiner, Blessed - Layman, the last martyr under Henry VIII. Executed at Tyburn on 7 March, 1544, for refusing to grant that the King was the head of the English and Irish ChurchGermanicia - A titular see in the province of Euphratensis and the patriarchate of Antioch; incorrectly called Germaniciana and located in Byzacene, AfricaGermanicopolis - A titular see in the province of Isauria, suffragan of SeleuciaGermans in the United States - Includes all German-speaking people, whether originally from Germany proper, Austria, Switzerland, or LuxemburgGermanus I, Saint - Patriarch of Constantinople, defender of the veneration of ikons, d. 733 or 740Germany - History divided by time periods, beginning with before 1556German Literature - History starting with the pre-Christian period to 800 A.DGermany, Vicariate Apostolic of Northern - Its jurisdiction covers the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Meeklenburg-Strelitz, the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe, the free Hanse towns, Hamburg, Luebeck, and Bremen, the Principality of Luebeck (capital Eutin), belonging to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, and the Island of HelgolandGermia - A titular see of Galatia Secunda, a suffragan of Pessinus; mentioned by Hierocles in the sixth centuryGerona - The Diocese of Geronia in Catalonia, Spain, suffragan of Tarragona, is bounded on the north by the Pyrenees, on the south and east by the Mediterranean, and on the west by the dioceses of Barcelona and VichGerrha - A titular see in the province of Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of Pelusium in the Patriarchate of AlexandriaGerson, Jean de Charlier de - Biographical article. Examines his view of conciliarism, and considers his mystical theologyGertrude of Aldenberg, Blessed - Longtime abbess of a Premonstratensian convent near Wetzlar. She died in 1297Gertrude of Hackeborn - Cistercian Abbess of Helfta, near Eisleben; born near Halberstadt in 1232; died towards the end of 1292Gertrude of Nivelles, Saint - Benedictine abbess of a double monastery, d. 659Gertrude the Great, Saint - Benedictine, mystic, author, d. 1301 or 1302Gertrude van der Oosten, Venerable - Beguine, had the stigmata and the gift of prophecy, died on Epiphany, 1358Gervaise, Dom François Armand - Discalced Carmelite, b. at Paris, 1660; d. at Reclus, France, 1761Gervase, George - Account of the dramatic life of this Benedictine priest and martyr, who died in 1608Gervase of Canterbury - English chronicler, b. about 1141; d. in, or soon after, 1210Gervase of Tilbury - Medieval writer, b. probably at Tilbury, in the County of Essex, England, about 1150; d. at Arlington, about 1220Gervasius and Protasius, Saints - Martyred in Milan, probably in the second centuryGéry, Saint - Bishop of Cambrai-Arras, d. between 623 and 626Gesellenvereine - German Catholic societies for the religious, moral, and professional improvement of young menGesta Dei per Francos - Title adopted by Guibert de Nogent (died about 1124) for his history of the First CrusadeGesta Romanorum - A medieval collection of anecdotes, to which moral reflections are attachedGethsemane - The place in which Jesus Christ suffered the Agony and was taken prisoner by the JewsGethsemane, Abbey of Our Lady of - An abbey of the Order of Reformed Cistercians, commonly called Trappists, established in 1848 in Nelson Co., Kentucky, in the Diocese of Louisville, being the first abbey on American soilGezireh - Seat of two Catholic residential sees, one Chaldean, the other SyrianGfrörer, August Friedrich - German historian; b. at Calw, Wuertemberg, 5 March, 1803; d. at Karlsbad, 6 July, 1861Ghardaia - Prefecture Apostolic in the French Sahara, separated in 1901 from the Vicariate Apostolic of Sahara and the SoudanGhent - Comprises the whole territory of East Flanders, one of the nine provinces of BelgiumGhibellines and Guelphs - Names adopted by the two factions that kept Italy divided and devastated by civil war during the greater part of the later Middle AgesGhiberti, Lorenzo di Cione - Sculptor; b. at Florence about 1381; d. there, December, 1455Ghirlandajo - Florentine painter; b. 1449; d. 11 Jan., 1494Ghislain, Saint - Hermit in Belgium, confessor, died c. 680Ghost Dance - The principal ceremonial rite of an Indian religion which originated about 1887 with Wovoka, alias jack Wilson, an Indian of the Piute tribe in NevadaGiannone, Pietro - Italian historian, born 7 May, 1676, at Ischitella in the province of Capinata, Naples; died at Turin, 27 March, 1748Gibail and Batrun - A Maronite residential seeGibault, Pierre - Missionary, b. at Montreal, Canada, 1737; d. at New Madrid, about 1804Gibbons, John - Jesuit theologian and controversialist; b. 1544, at or near Wells, Somersetshire; died 16 Aug. or 3 Dec., 1589Gibbons, Richard - Brother of Father John Gibbons, born at Winchester, 1550 or 1549; died at Douai, 23 June, 1632Giberti, Jean-Pierre - Canonist; b. at Aix, Provence, in 1660; d. at Paris in 1736Giberti, Gian Matteo - Cardinal, and Bishop of Verona, the natural son of Francesco Giberti, a Genoese naval captain, b. at Palermo in 1495; d. at Verona, 30 Dec., 1543Gibraltar - A rugged promontory in the province of Andalusia, Spain, about 6 miles in circumference. Its almost perpendicular walls rise to a height of 1396 feetGideon - One of the Greater Judges of Israel. He belonged to the tribe of Manasses, and to the family of AbiezerGiffard, Bonaventure - Bishop, born at Wolverhampton, England, 1642; died at Hammersmith, Middlesex, 12 March, 1734Giffard, Godfrey - Bishop of Worcester, b. about 1235; d. 26 Jan., 1301Giffard, William - Second Norman Bishop of Winchester from 1100 to 1129Gifford, William - Archbishop of Reims; b. in Hampshire, 1554; d. at Reims, 11 April, 1629Gift of Miracles - The gift of miracles is one of those mentioned by St. Paul in his First Epistle to the Corinthians (xii, 9, 10), among the extraordinary graces of the Holy GhostGift, Supernatural - Something conferred on nature that is above all the powers (vires) of created natureGilbert, Nicolas-Joseph-Laurent - Poet, b. at Fontenoy-le-Chateau, 1751; d. at Paris, 12 November, 1780Gilbert, Sir John Thomas - Irish archivist and historian, b. in Dublin, 23 January, 1829; d. there, 23 May, 1898Gilbert de la Porrée - Bishop of Poitiers, philosopher, theologian and general scholar; b. at Poitiers in 1076; d. in 1154Gilbert Foliot - Bishop of London, b. early in the twelfth centuryGilbertines, Order of - Founded by St. Gilbert, about the year 1130, at Sempringham, Gilbert's native place, where he was then parish priestGilbert Islands - Vicariate apostolic; comprises the group of that name, besides the islands of Ellice and PanapaGilbert of Sempringham, Saint - Short biography of the founder of the Gilbertines, who died in 1189Gildas, Saint - Biographical entry for St. Gildas the Wise, also called 'Badonicus,' born to a British family in Scotland, educated in Wales, monk, priest, died in 570Gil de Albornoz, Alvarez Carillo - A renowned cardinal, general, and statesman; b. about 1310 at Cuenca in New Castile; d. 23 Aug., 1367Giles, Saint - Also known as Aegidius. Hermit and then abbot in late seventh-century GaulGillespie, Eliza Maria - In religion Mother Mary of St. Angela. Born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, 21 February, 1824; died at St. Mary's convent, Notre Dame, Indiana, 4 March, 1887Gillespie, Neal Henry - Brother of the foregoing; b. in Washington county, Pa., 19 January 1831; d. at St. Mary's, Notre Dame, Indiana, 12 November, 1874Gillis, James - Scottish bishop; b. at Montreal, Canada, 7 April, 1802; d. at Edinburgh, 24 February 1864Gilmore, Patrick Sarsfield - A musician, born at Ballygar Galway, Ireland, 25 Dec., 1829; died at St. Louis, 24 Sept., 1892Gil of Santarem, Blessed - Portuguese Dominican, d. 1265Gindarus - A titular see of Syria Prima, in the Patriarchate of AntiochGinoulhiac, Jacques-Marie-Achille - A French bishop; b. at Montpellier (department of Herault) 3 Dec., 1806; d. there 17 Nov., 1875Gioberti, Vincenzo - An Italian statesman and philosopher; b. at Turin, 5 April, 1801; d. at Paris, 26 October, 1852Giocondo, Fra Giovanni - An Italian architect, antiquary, archaeologist, and classical scholar, b. in Verona, c. 1445; d. in Venice (?), c. 1525Giordani, Tommasso - A composer, b. at Naples in 1738; d. at Dublin, Ireland, February 1806Giordano, Luca - Neapolitan painter; b. at Naples, 1632; d. in the same place, 12 Jan., 1705Giorgione - Italian painter, b. at Castelfranco in or before 1477; d. in Venice in October or November, 1510Giotto di Bondone - A Florentine painter, and founder of the Italian school of painting, b. most probably, in the village of Vespignano near Florence; d. at Milan, 8 Jan., 1337Giovanelli, Ruggiero - Composer, b. at Velletri, near Rome, in 1560; d. at Rome, 7 January, 1625Giraldi, Giovanni Battista - Italian dramatist and novelist; b. at Ferrara, Italy, 1504; d. there, 1573Giraldi, Ubaldo - An Italian canonist; b. in 1692; d. in 1775Giraldus Cambrensis - Biographical article on the medieval ecclesiastic and writerGirard, Jean-Baptiste - Known as Pere Girard, a Swiss pedagogue, b. at Fribourg, 17 December, 1765; d. there, 6 March, 1850Girardon, François - A noted sculptor of the reign of Louis XIV, b. at Troyes, France, 1630; d. at Paris, 1715Giraud de Borneil - A Provencal troubadour, b. about the middle of the twelfth century, at Excideuil in the Viscounty of LimogesGirba - A titular see in the province of African TripoliGirgenti - The capital of a province in SicilyGisbert, Blaise - French rhetorician and critic; born at Cahors, 21 February, 1657; died at Montpellier, 21 February, 1731Giovanni Dominici, Blessed - Biography of the Dominican preacher and writerGiuliani, Veronica - Short biographical article on this Capuchin, who died in 1727Giulio Romano - A famous architect and painter, the best-known of Raphael's pupils, and the unique representative of the so-called 'Roman School'; b. at Rome in 1492; d. at Mantua in 1546Giuseppe Maria Tommasi, Blessed - Cardinal, scholar, and author, died 1713Giuseppe Giusti - A poet and patriot; b. 1809, at Monsumano near Pescia, Italy; d. 31 March, 1850Glaber, Raoul - Benedictine chronicler; b. in Burgundy before 1000; d. at Cluny about 1050Glabrio, Manius Acilius - Consul at Rome during A.D. 91, with TrajanGlagolitic - An ancient alphabet of the Slavic languages, also called in Russian bukvitsaGlaire, Jean-Baptiste - Priest, hebraist, and Biblical scholar; b. at Bordeaux, 1 April, 1798; d. at Issy, near Paris, 25 Feb., 1879Glanville, Ranulf de - Chief Justiciar of England; b. at Stratford, Suffolk, England, date unknown; d. before Acre, Palestine, 1190Glarean, Henry - Swiss humanist, poet, philosopher, geographer, mathematician, and musician, born at Mollis, near Glarus, Switzerland, in June, 1488, and died at Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 27 March, 1563Glasgow - Archdiocese in the southwest of ScotlandGlastonbury Abbey - Benedictine monastery, Somersetshire, England, pre-eminently the centre of early Christian tradition in EnglandGlebe - Originally signified, in common law, any farm, estate, or parcel of land, and the word is so used in the Theodosian Code. But in ecclesiastical law it has become the technical term for land permanently assigned for the maintenance of the incumbent of a parish, and is the oldest form of parochial endowmentGlendalough, School of - Founded by St. KevinGloria in Excelsis Deo - The great doxology (hymnus angelicus) in the Mass is a version of a very old Greek form'. It begins with the words sung by the angels at Christ's birth (Luke 2:14). To this verse others were added very early, forming a doxologyGloria, Laus et Honor - A hymn composed by St. Theodulph of Orleans in 810Glory - In the English version of the Bible the word Glory, one of the commonest in the Scripture, is used to translate several Hebrew terms in the Old Testament, and the Greek doxa in the New Testament. Sometimes the Catholic versions employ brightness, where others use gloryGlory Be - The doxology in the form in which we know it has been used since about the seventh century all over Western Christendom, except in one cornerGlosses, Scriptural - The word gloss designates not only marginal notes, but also words or remarks inserted for various reasons in the very text of the ScripturesGlosses, Glossaries, Glossarists - To gloss is to interpret or explain a text by taking up its words one after another. A glossary is therefore a collection of words about which observations and notes have been gathered, and a glossarist is one who thus explains or illustrates given textsGlossolalia - A supernatural gift of the class gratiae gratis datae, designed to aid in the outer development of the primitive ChurchGloves, Episcopal - Liturgical gloves are a liturgical adornment reserved for bishops and cardinalsGluttony - The excessive indulgence in food and drinkGnesen-Posen - Archdiocese in the Kingdom of PrussiaGnosticism - History of Gnosticism from its pre-Christian roots through its developed doctrines concerning cosmogony, the Sophia-myth, soteriology, and eschatology. Includes information on rites, schools, and literatureGoa - Archdiocese in IndiaGoajira, Vicariate Apostolic of - The most northern portion of South America is a peninsula running into the Caribbean SeaGoar, Saint - Priest, hermit, d. 649Goar, Jacques - Dominican and hellenist (1601-1653)Gobat, George - Moral theologian; born at Charmoilles, in the Diocese of Basil, now in the Department of the Doubs, France, 1 July, 1600; died 23 March, 1679Gobban Saer - Regarded in traditional lore as the greatest Irish architect of the seventh century, and popularly canonized as St. Gobban; b. at Turvey, near Malahide, Co. Dublin, about 560Gobelinus, Person - Westphalian known as an historian and an ardent reformer of monastic life in his native land (1358-1421)God - Links to five articles about the subject"God", Etymology of the Word - Anglo-Saxon God; German Gott; akin to Persian khoda; Hindu khoodaGod, Existence of - The arguments for God's existence are variously classified and entitled by different writers, but all agree in recognizing the distinction between a priori, or deductive, and a posteriori, or inductive reasoning in this connectionGod, Nature and Attributes of - Covered as natural reason and faithGod, Relation of the Universe to - Sections include essential dependence of the universe on God, divine immanence and transcendence, and possibility of the supernaturalGod, Three Persons of - The term employed to signify the central doctrine of the Christian religion, the truth that in the unity of the Godhead there are three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, these three persons being truly distinct one from anotherGodard, Saint - Benedictine abbot, bishop of Hildesheim, d. 1038Godden, Thomas - True name Tylden. Born at Addington, Kent, 1624; died in London, 1 Dec., 1688Godeau, Antoine - Bishop, poet and exegete; b. at Dreux in the diocese of Chartres, 1605; d. at Vence, 21 April, 1672Godeberta, Saint - Born in about 640, superior of a convent at NoyonGodelina, Saint - Physically and psychologically abused by her husband Bertolf and mother-in-law, until finally she was murdered at Bertolf's orders in 1070Godet des Marais, Paul - Bishop of Chartres, France; b. at Talcy, near Blois, 1647; d. at Chartres, 1709Godfrey of Bouillon - Duke of Lower Lorraine and first King of Jerusalem, son of Eustache II, Count of Boulogne, and of Ida, daughter of Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine; b. probably at Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1060; d. at Jerusalem, 18 July, 1100Godfrey of Fontaines - A scholastic philosopher and theologian; born near Liege within the first half of the thirteenth centuryGodfrey of Viterbo - German writer of the twelfth centuryGodinez - Mystical theologian, born at Waterford, Ireland (1591-1644)Godric - The name of two Abbots of CroylandGoesport, John Wessel - A fifteenth-century Dutch theologian, born at Groeningen in 1420; died there on 4 Oct., 1489Goetz, Marie Josephine - Second superior-general of the Society of the Sacred Heart, daughter of Joseph Goetz of Strasburg and Marie Anne Wagner; b. 7 March, 1817; d. 4 January, 1874Goffe, Stephen - Oratorian; b. 1605; d. at Paris, Christmas Day, 1681Goffine, Leonard - Priest and writer. Born at Cologne, or according to some, at Broich, 6 December, 1648; died 11 August, 1719Gog and Magog - Names, respectively, of a king and of his supposed kingdom, mentioned several times in chapters 38 and 39 of the Book of Ezechiel, and once in the Apocalypse (20:7)Golden Bull - A fundamental law of the Holy Roman Empire; probably the best known of all the many ordinances of the imperial dietGolden Calf - An object of worship among the Hebrews, mention of which occurs principally in Ex., xxxii, where the story of the molten calf of Aaron is narrated, and in 1 Kings 12 (cf. 2 Chronicles 11), in connection with the policy of Jeroboam after the schism of the ten tribesGolden Rose - A precious and sacred ornament made of pure gold by skilled artificers, which the popes have been accustomed for centuries to bless each year, and occasionally confer upon illustrious churches and sanctuaries as a token of special reverence and devotion, upon Catholic kings or queens, princes or princesses, renowned generals or other distinguished personages, upon governments or cities conspicuous for their Catholic spirit and loyalty to the Holy See, as a mark of esteem and paternal affectionGoldoni, Carlo - Brief biography of the Italian dramatistGoldwell, Thomas - Bishop of St. Asaph, the last survivor of the ancient hierarchy of England; b. between 1501 and 1515; d. in Rome, 3 April, 1585Golgotha - The place of the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristGómara, Francisco Lopez de - Chaplain to Cortes. Born 1510. Wrote a severely flawed history of the Spanish conquest of the New World, though he himself had never been thereGomes De Amorim, Francisco - Portuguese poet, dramatist, and novelist (1827-1891)Gondulphus - The name of three saints, of whom one was Bishop of Tongres (Maestricht), the second Bishop of Metz, while the third is known as Gondulphus of BerryGonet, Jean Baptiste - Theologian, b. about 1616 at Béziers, in the province of Languedoc; d. there 24 Jan., 1681Gonnelieu, Jérôme de - Theologian, ascetical writer, and preacher; born at Soissons, 8 Sept., 1640; died at Paris, 28 Feb., 1715Gonzaga, Saint Aloysius - Short biography of this Jesuit student, who died in 1591 at the age of 23Gonzaga, Ercole - Cardinal; b. at Mantua, 23 November, 1505; d. 2 March, 1563Gonzaga, Scipione - Cardinal; b. at Mantua, 11 November, 1542; d. at San Martino, 11 January, 1593Gonzalez, Saint Peter - Spanish Dominican, d. 1246. Patron saint of Spanish and Portuguese sailorsGonzález de Santalla, Thyrsus - Theologian and thirteenth general of the Society of Jesus, b. at Arganda, Spain, 18 January, 1624; died at Rome, 27 October, 1705González, Zeferino - Dominican, cardinal, theologian, and philosopher (1831-1894)Gonzalo de Berceo - Spanish poet, active between 1220 and 1242Good - The moral good (bonum honestum) consists in the due ordering of free action or conduct according to the norm of reason, the highest faculty, to which it is to conformGood, Highest, The - (1)Utilitarianism, when the highest good is identified with happiness; (2)Rational Deontologism, when the highest good is identified with virtue or duty; (3)Rational Eudaemonism, or tempered Deontologism, when both virtue and happiness are combined in the highest goodGood Faith - A phrase employed to designate the mental and moral state of honest, even if objectively unfounded, conviction as to the truth or falsehood of a proposition or body of opinion, or as to the rectitude or depravity of a line of conductGood Friday - The Friday on which the Church keeps the anniversary of the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristGood Hope, Cape of (Eastern) - Established in 1847, when the Vicariate of the Cape of Good Hope was divided into Eastern and WesternGood Hope, Cape of (Western) - The Western vicariate and the Central prefecture, although different in name, are virtually oneGodfrey Goodman - Anglican Bishop of Gloucester (1582-3-1656)Goodman, Ven. John - Priest and martyr; born in the Diocese of Bangor, Wales, 1590; died 1642Good Samaritan, Sisters of the - A congregation of Tertiaries Regular of St. Benedict, established 2 February, 1857, at Sydney, AustraliaGood Shepherd, Our Lady of Charity of the - The aim of this institute is to provide a shelter for girls and women of dissolute habits, who wish to do penance for their iniquities and to lead a truly christian lifeGoossens, Pierre-Lambert - Cardinal, Archbishop of Michlin (Belgium), b. at Perck, near Vilvorde, 18 July, 1827; d. at Michlin, 25 January, 1906Gordian - There were three Roman emperors of this name, who reigned between A.D. 237-44, and all of whom met with violent deathsGordianus and Epimachus, Saints - Roman martyrs under Julian the Apostate. Both died in 362. Although they did not die together, they are buried together, and the cemetery is named after them. Identifies two other martyrs named Gordianus, considers several named EpimachusGordon, Andrew - Monk and physicist (1712-1751)Gordon Riots - This agitation, so called from the head and spirit of the movement, Lord George Gordon, convulsed the metropolis of England from 2 June till 9 June, 1780Gordos - A titular see in the province of Lydia, suffragan of SardisGorgonius, Saint - Identifies six martyrs of this name. Article concentrates on an imperial official who suffered in the Diocletian persecution and whose feast is 9 September. His cult was strong in FranceGorkum, The Martyrs of - Their beatification took place on 14 Nov., 1675, and their canonization on 29 June, 1865Görres, Guido - Historian, publicist, and poet; b. at Coblenz on 28 May, 1805; d. at Munich on 14 July, 1852Görres, Johann Joseph - Writer and professor of physics (1776-1848)Gortyna - A titular see, and in the Greek Church metropolitan see, of the Island of CreteGörz - Capital of the Austrian crown-land Goerz and GradiskaGoscelin - Benedictine biographical writer (d. 1099)Gospel and Gospels - The word Gospel usually designates a written record of Christ's words and deedsGospel in the Liturgy - From the very earliest times the public reading of parts of the Bible was an important element in the Liturgy inherited from the service of the SynagogueGospel of Mark - The Second Gospel, like the other two Synoptics, deals chiefly with the Galilean ministry of Christ, and the events of the last week at JerusalemGoss, Alexander - Bishop of Liverpool (1814-1872)Gossaert, Jan - Flemish painter; b. about 1472; d. at Middelburg about 1533Gosselin, Jean-Edmé-Auguste - Ecclesiastical author; b. at Rouen, France, 28 Sept., 1787; d. at Paris, 27 Nov., 1858Gother, John - Priest and controversialist; b. at Southampton, date unknown; d. at sea on a voyage to Lisbon, 2 October, 1704Gothic Architecture - History of the styleGottfried von Strasburg - Middle High German epic poetGotti, Vincent Louis - Cardinal and theologian (1664-1742)Gottschalk, Saint - Wendish prince, considered a martyr, d. 1066Gottschalk of Orbais - A medieval theologian; b. about 800, d. after 866, probable 30 October, 868Göttweig, Abbey of - A Benedictine abbey situated on a hill of the same name, south of Krems, in Lower AustriaGoulburn - One of the six suffragan sees of the ecclesiastical province of Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaGounod, Charles-François - An article focusing especially on his religious compositions and the effect of his beliefs on his compositionsGoupil, René - Short biography of the Jesuit missionary, martyred in 1642Gousset, Thomas-Marie-Joseph - French cardinal and theologian; b. at Montigny-les-Charlieu, a village of Franche-Comte, in 1792; d. at Reims in 1866Government Authority - The moral power of command, supported by physical coercion, which the State exercises over its membersGower, John - Poet; born between 1327-1330, probably in Kent; died October, 1408Goya y Lucientes, Francisco José de - Painter and etcher, b. in Fuendetodos, Aragon, Spain, 31 March, 1746; d. in Bordeaux, 16 April, 1828Goyaz, Diocese of - Co-extensive with the state of the same name, one of the twenty states which, with the Federal District, comprise the Republic of BrazilGozo, Diocese of - Comprises the island of Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea and the islet of CominoGozzi, Carlo - Italian author, born at Venice, 1720; died 1806Gozzoli - Painter; b. at Florence, 1420; d. at Pisa 1497Gozzolini, Saint Sylvester - Founder of the Sylvestrines. Canon, hermit. Died 1267Grace - Leads to four articles on the subjectGrace, Actual - A grace that is given for the performance of salutary acts and is present and disappears with the action itselfGrace, Supernatural - Treatise on this fundamental building block of ChristianityGrace, Controversies on - Controversies that are concerned chiefly with the relation between grace and free willGrace, William Russell - Philanthropist and merchant, born at Cork, Ireland, 10 May, 1832; died at New York, 21 March, 1904Grace at Meals - One of the most ancient formulae of prayer at meals is found in a treatise of the fourth century, attributed without foundation to Saint AthanasiusGradual - In English often called Grail, is the oldest and most important of the four chants that make up the choir's part of the Proper of the MassGradual Psalms - Fifteen psalms, namely Psalms 119-133Gradwell, Robert - Bishop; b. at Clifton-in-the-Fylde, Lancashire, 26 Jan., 1777; d. in London, 15 March, 1833Graffiti - The term in common usage among archaeologists to designate a class of rude inscriptions scratched on the walls of ancient monuments, generally sepulchral, as distinguised from the formal inscriptions engraved on the tombs of the deceasedGraham, Patrick - First Archbishop of St. Andrews and Metropolitan of Scotland, date of birth uncertain; d. 1478Grail, The Holy - The name of a legendary sacred vessel, variously identified with the chalice of the Eucharist or the dish of the Pascal lamb, and the theme of a famous medieval cycle of romanceGramont, Eugénie de - Religious of the Society of the Sacred Heart; b. at Versailles, 17 September, 1788; d. at Paris, 19 November, 1846Gran - Located in HungaryGranada - Archdiocese in Spain, founded by St. Cecilius about the year 64, was made an archiepiscopal see by Alexander VI, 23 Jan., 1493Granada, University of - The origin of this university is to be traced to the Arab school at Cordova, which, when the city was captured by St. Ferdinand in 1236, was removed to Granada and there continuedGrancolas, Jean - Doctor of the Sorbonne, theologian, liturgist; b. near Chateaudun, about 1660; d. at Paris, 1 August, 1732Grande Chartreuse, La - The mother-house of the Carthusian Order lies in a high valley of the Alps of DauphineGranderath, Theodor - Known for his monumental labours on the Vatican CouncilGrandidier, Philippe-André - Priest and historian, b. at Strasburg, Alsace, 9 Nov., 1752; d. at the Abbey of Luntzel (Lucelles), Sundgau, 11 Oct., 1787Grandmont, Abbey and Order of - Abbey and Order in the department of Hte-Vienne, FranceGrand Rapids - Diocese created 12 May, 1882 out of the diocese of DetroitGrant, Thomas - First Bishop of Southwark; b. at Ligny-les-Aires, Arras, France, 25 Nov., 1816; d. at Rome, 1 June, 1870Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de - Named Archbishop of Mechlin in 1559 and cardinal in 1561Gras, Venerable Louise de Marillac Le - Founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, d. 1660Grasse, François-Joseph-Paul - Count and Marquess de Grasse-Tilly, lieutenant-general of the naval forces; b. near Toulon, 1723; d. at Paris, 11 January, 1788Grässel, Lorenz - Coadjutor-elect of Baltimore; born at Ruemannsfelden, Bavaria, 18 August, 1753; died at Philadelphia, U.S.A., October, 1793Grassis, Paris de - Master of ceremonies to Julius II and Leo X; b. at Bologna, about 1470; d. at Rome, 10 June, 1528Gratian - Details on this Roman Emperor who was the son of Valentinian I. He was born at Sirmium, 359 and died at Lyons, 383Gratian, Jerome - Spiritual director of St. Teresa and first Provincial of the Discalced Carmelites; born at Valladolid, 6 June, 1545; died at Brussels, 21 September, 1614Gratian, Johannes - The little that is known concerning the author of the 'Concordantia discordantium canonum', more generally called the 'Decretum Gratiani', is furnished by that work itself, its earliest copies, and its twelfth-century 'Summae' or abridgmentsGratianopolis - A titular see in Caesarea Mauretania, AfricaGratius, Ortwin - Humanist; b. 1475 at Holtwick, near Coesfeld, Westphalia; d. at Cologne, 22 May, 1542Gratry, Auguste-Joseph-Alphonse - French priest and writer; b. at Lille, 30 March, 1805; d. at Montreux, Switzerland, 7 February, 1872Gratz, Peter Aloys - Schoolmaster and exegete, b. 17 Aug., 1769, at Mittelberg, Allgaeu, Bavaria; d. at Darmstadt, 1 Nov., 1849Gravier, Jacques - Jesuit missionary; born 1651 at Moulins, where he studied classics and philosophy under the Jesuits; died in Louisiana in 1708Gravina, Dominic - Theologian; b. in Sicily, about 1573; d. in the Minerva, at Rome, 26 Aug., 1643Gravina, Giovanni Vincenzo - Italian jurist and litterateur of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; b. at Rogliano, Calabria, 21 January, 1664; d. at Rome, 6 January, 1718Gravina and Montepeloso - Gravina is a town in the Province of Bari (Southern Italy), since the ninth century an episcopal see, suffragan of Acerenza and Matera. In 1818 it was united aeque principaliter with Montepeloso, which dates back to the twelfth century (some say the fifteenth) and was suffragan of PotenzaGraz, University of - Located in the capital of the Province of Steiermark, owes its establishment to the Counter-Reformation and the efforts of Archduke Karl von Steiermark, who, in 1584, requested Pope Gregory XIII to grant autonomous university privileges to the Jesuit college of GrazGreat Falls - Created by Pope Pius X, 18 May, 1904; comprises the following counties in the State of Montana: Carbon, Cascade, Chouteau, Custer, Dawson, Fergus, Park, Rosebud, Sweet Grass, Valley, and YellowstoneGreco, El - Spanish artist. Born in Crete, between 1545 and 1550; died at Toledo, 7 April, 1614Greece - History of the country and churchGreek Catholics in America - Includes the history and statisticsGreek Church - Details the history and various divisions of the churchGreek Orthodox Church in America - The name Orthodox Church is generally used to distinguish those of the Greek Rite who are not in communion with the Holy SeeGreek Rites - People who speak of the Greek Rite generally mean that of ConstantinopleGreen, Hugh - An English priest who had converted to Catholicism. He was martyred in a brutal way in 1642Green, Thomas Louis - Priest and controversialist; b. at Stourbridge, Worcestershire, 1799; d. at Newport, Shropshire, 27 Feb., 1883Green Bay - Diocese established 3 March, 1868, from the territory of the Diocese of MilwaukeeGreenland - An island stretching from within the Arctic Circle south to about 59 degrees N. latitude, being between 20 degrees and 75 degrees W. longitudeGregorian Chant - Short description and history, with links to more informationGregory I, Pope Saint - Biographical article on this Doctor of the Church, d. 604Gregory II, Pope Saint - Also known as Gregory Junior, or Gregory the Younger, d. 731Gregory III, Pope Saint - A Syrian, was elected the successor of Pope St. Gregory II by acclamation, d. 741Gregory IV, Pope - Reigned 827-44Gregory V, Pope - Reigned 996-999Gregory VI, Pope - Reigned 1045-46Gregory VI - Eleventh-century antipopeGregory VII, Pope Saint - Also known as Hildebrand: 'one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs and one of the most remarkable men of all times.' He died in 1085. Biographical articleGregory VIII, Pope - Reigned 1187Gregory VIII - Antipope placed upon the papal chair by Emperor Henry V, 8 March, 1118Gregory IX - Reigned 1227-1241Gregory X - Biographical article on this thirteenth-century pope. Includes bibliographyGregory XI - Reigned 1370-1378Gregory XII - Reigned 1406-1415Gregory XIII, Pope - Reigned 1572-1585Gregory XIV, Pope - Reigned 1590-1591Gregory XV, Pope - Reigned 1621-1623Gregory XVI, Pope - Reigned 1831-1846Gregory Bæticus - Bishop of Elvira, in the province of Baetica, Spain, from which he derived his surname; d. about 392Gregory of Heimburg - Humanist and Statesman, b. at Wuerzburg in the beginning of the fifteenth century; d. at Tharandt near Dresden, August, 1472Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint - Biographical article on this Doctor of the Church, known in the Christian East as St. Gregory the TheologianGregory of Neocaesarea, Saint - Also known as Gregory Thaumaturgus, converted to Christianity by Origen, became a bishop, d. between 270 and 275Gregory of Nyssa, Saint - Bishop, one of the Cappadocian Fathers, d. after 385 or 386Gregory of Rimini, Saint - Augustinian theologian, d. 1358Gregory of Tours, Saint - Lengthy article about this bishop, historian, and theologian. He died in 593 or 594Gregory of Utrecht, Saint - Missionary companion of St. Boniface, and later an abbot, d. 775 or 780Gregory of Valencia - Professor of the University of Ingolstadt, b. at Medina, Spain); d. at Naples, 25 April, 1603Gregory the Illuminator - Patron of Armenia. Husband and father, bishop, d. possibly in 337Greifswald, University of - The oldest university of Prussia, founded in 1456Greith, Karl Johann - Bishop and church historian, b. at Rapperswyl, Switzerland, 25 May, 1897; d. at St. Gall, 17 May, 1882Gremiale - A square or oblong cloth which the bishop should wear over his lap, when seated on the throne during the singing of the Kyrie, Gloria, and Credo by the choir, during the distribution of blessed candles, palms or ashes, and also during the anointments in connection with Holy ordersGrenoble - Comprises the Department of Isere and the Canton of Villeurbanne (Rhone)Gresemund, Dietrich - German humanist; b. in 1477, at Speyer; d. 1512, at MainzGreslon, Adrien - French Jesuit missionary (1618-1697)Gresset, Jean Baptiste - Born 29 August, 1709; died 16 June, 1777, at AmiensGretser, Jacob - A celebrated Jesuit writer; b. at Markdorf in the Diocese of Constance in 1562; d. at Ingolstadt in 1625Greuze, Jean-Baptiste - French painter, b. at Tournus in Ardeche, 21 August, 1725; d. at Paris, 21 March, 1805Grey Nuns - The Order of Sisters of Charity of the Hopital General of Montreal, commonly called Grey Nuns because of the colour of their attire, was founded in 1738Grey Nuns of the Cross - A community founded in 1745 at Monteal by Madame d'Youville, known as the Grey Sisters, or Grey Nuns, from the colour of the costumeGriffin, Gerald - A novelist, dramatist, lyricist; b. 12 December, 1803, at Limerick, Ireland; d. at Cork, 12 June, 1840Griffin, Martin Ignatius Joseph - Journalist, historian (1842-1911)Griffiths, Thomas - Born in London, 2 June, 1791; died 19 August, 1847; the first and only Vicar Apostolic of the London District educated wholly in EnglandGrillparzer, Franz - An Austrian poet, b. at Vienna, 15 January, 1791, d. 21 January, 1872Grimaldi, Francesco Maria - Italian physicist, b. at Bologna, 2 April, 1618; d. in the same city, 28 Dec., 1663Grimaldi, Giovanni Francesco - An eclectic painter of the Bolognese school; b. at Bologna, 1606; d. at Rome, 1680Grimmelshausen, Johann Jacob Christoffel von - German novelist of the seventeenth centuryGröne, Valentin - Catholic theologian (1817-1882)Groote, Gerard - Founder of the 'Brethren of the Common Life', b. 1340 at Deventer, Gelderland; d. 20 Aug., 1384Gropper, John - An eminent jurist and theologian, b. 24 Feb., 1503, at Soest, Westphalia; d. at Rome, 13 March, 1559Grosseteste, Robert - Bishop of Lincoln and one of the most learned men of the Middle Ages; b. about 1175; d. 9 October, 1253Grosseto - Suffragan diocese of SienaGrosswardein - A diocese of the Latin Rite in Hungary, suffragan of Kalocsa-BacsGrottaferrata, Abbey of - A Basilian monastery near RomeGrueber, Johann - German Jesuit missionary in China and noted explorer of the seventeenth centuryGrün, Anastasius - Pseudonym for Anton Alexander (Maria), Count von Auersperg, a nineteenth-century Austrian poetGuadalajara - Archdiocese in Mexico, separated from the Diocese of Michoacan by Paul III, 31 July, 1548Guadalupe, Shrine of - Guadalupe is strictly the name of a picture, but was extended to the church containing the picture and to the town that grew up aroundGuadeloupe - Diocese in the West Indies, comprises the islands of Guadeloupe, Les Saintes, Marie-Galante, La Desirade, and the French portions of St. Martin and St BartholomewGuadix, Diocese of - Diocese in Spain, comprises the greater part of the Province of Granada and a portion of the Province of AlmeriaGuaicuri Indians - A group of small tribes, speaking dialectic forms of a common language, probably of distinct stock, formerly occupying part of Lower CaliforniaGuamanga, Diocese of - A Peruvian diocese, suffragan to LimaGuaraní Indians - A tribal group of South America, having the former home territory chiefly between the Uruguay and lower Paraguay Rivers, in what is now Paraguay and the Provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios of ArgentinaGuarantees, Law of - A law passed by the senate and chamber of the Italian parliament, 13 May, 1871, concerning the prerogatives of the Holy See, and the relations between State and Church in the Kingdom of ItalyGuarda, Diocese of - Province of Beira, PortugalGuardi, Francesco - Venetian painter (1712-1793)Guardian Angels - The lowest orders of angels are sent to menGuardian Angels, Feast of - This feast, like many others, was local before it was placed in the Roman calendarGuardianship, in Civil Jurisprudence - A person intrusted by law with the interests of another whose youth, inexperience, mental weakness or feebleness of will, disqualifies him from acting for himself in the ordinary affairs of life, and who is known as the wardGuarini, Battista - An Italian poet, b. at Ferrara, 1538, d. at Venice, 7 Oct., 1612Guarino da Verona - A humanist, b. 1370, at Verona, Italy; d. 1460, at FerraraGuastalla, Diocese of - Situated in the province of Reggio Emilia (Central Italy) on the left bank of the Po at its junction with the CrostoloGuastallines - Luigia Torelli, Countess of Guastalla (b. about 1500; d. 29 Oct., 1559 or 1569), widowed for the second time when she was twenty-five, resolved to devote her life to the service of GodGuatemala, Santiago de - Archdiocese conterminous with the Republic of Guatemala, in Central AmericaGuayaquil - The capital of the Ecuadorian province of GuayasGubbio - Diocese of Eugubinensis, in the province of Perugia in Umbria (Central Italy)Gudenus, Moritz - German convert to the Catholic faith from the Protestant ministry; b. 11 April, 1596, at Cassel; d. February, 1680Gudula, Saint - Born in Brabant, one of a family of saints. She died in the early eighth centuryGuelphs and Ghibellines - Names adopted by the two factions that kept Italy divided and devastated by civil war during the greater part of the later Middle AgesGuéranger, Prosper Louis Pascal - Benedictine and polygraph; b. 4 April, 1805, at Sable-sur-Sarthe; d. at Solesmes, 30 January, 1875Guérard, Robert - Writer, born at Rouen, 1641; died at the monastery of Saint-Ouen, 2 January, 1715Guérin, Anne-Thérèse - In religion, Mother Theodore. Born at Etables (Cote du Nord), Brittany, France, 2 October, 1798; died 14 May, 1856Guérin - Eugenie de Guerin, a French writer; b. at the chateau of La Cayla, in Languedoc, 15 January, 1805; d. there 5 June, 1848. Georges-Maurice de Guerin, a French poet, brother of Eugenie; b. at the chateau of La Cayla, in Languedoc, 5 August, 1810; d. there, 19 July, 1839Gügler, Joseph Heinrich Aloysius - Born at Udligerschwyl, near Lucerne, Switzerland, 25 August, 1782; died at Lucerne, 28 February, 1827Guglielmini, Giovanni Battista - Scientist, b. at Bologna, 16 August, 1763; d. in the same city, 15 December, 1817Guiana - The name given to all that region of South America which extends along the Atlantic coast from the Orinoco to the AmazonGuibert of Ravenna - An antipope, known as Clement III, 1080 (1084) to 1100; born at Parma about 1025; died at Civita Castellana, 8 Sept., 1100Guicciardini, Francesco - Biographical article by Edmund G. Gardner on the historian and statesman, who died in 1540Guido of Arezzo - Article with life and summary of his contributions to musical theory and compositionGuigues du Chastel - Medieval Carthusian (1083-1137)Guijon, André - Bishop and orator (1548-1631)Guilds - Voluntary associations for religious, social, and commercial purposesGuiney, Patrick Robert - Soldier, born at Parkstown, Co. Tipperary, Ireland, on 15 Jan., 1835; died at Boston, 21 March, 1877Guiscard, Robert - Duke of Apulia and Calabria, founder of the Norman state of the Two Sicilies; born about 1016; died 17 July, 1085Guise, House of - A branch of the ducal family of Lorraine who played an important part in the religious troubles of France during the seventeenth centuryGuitmund - A Bishop of Aversa, a Benedictine monk, theologian, and opponent of Berengarius; born at an unknown place in Normandy during the first quarter of the eleventh century; died between 1090-95, at Aversa, near NaplesGulf of St. Lawrence - Vicariate erected 12 September, 1905, and formed from the prefecture Apostolic of the same name organized 29 May, 1882Gunpowder Plot, The - Oath taken May, 1604, plot discovered November, 1605. Robert Catesby, the originator of the Powder Plot, owned estates at Lapworth and Ashby St. LegersGunther, Blessed - Lay brother, penitent, hermit in Bohemia, d. 1045Günther, Anton - Philosopher; b. 17 Nov., 1783, at Lindenau, near Leitmeritz, Bohemia; d. at Vienna, 24 February, 1863Günther of Cologne - An archbishop of that city, died 8 July, 873Gurk - A prince-bishopric of Carinthia, suffragan to SalzburgGury, Jean-Pierre - Moral theologian; b. at Mailleroncourt, Haute-Saone, 23 January, 1801; d. at Merc ur, Haute Loire, 18 April, 1866Gusmão, Bartholomeu Lourenço de - Naturalist, and the first aeronaut; b. in 1685 at Santos in the province of Sao Paulo, Brazil; d. 18 November, 1724, in Toledo, SpainGutenberg, Johann - Inventor of printing (1400-1467)Guthlac, Saint - Brief biography of this soldier, monk, and hermit, who died in 714Guyon, Jeanne-Marie-Bouvier de La Motte- - Essay on the life, experiences, and teachings of this seventeenth-century French mysticGuzmán, Fernando Pérez de - Senor de Batres; Spanish historian and poet (1376-1458)Györ - A Hungarian see, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Gran