British passenger ship sunk by the Germans, 128 Americans died, turned public opinion in the war

Zimmerman Telegram

decoded message from German diplomat to Mexico offering U.S. territory (Texas) if Mexico fought the U.S. in WWI.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Rejected President Wilson's 14 points and was the main driving force behind the U.S. not approving the Treaty of Versailles

Espionage and Sedition Act

Congress made it illegal to speak out against the government's war efforts, incite disloyalty or persuade men from avoiding the draft, and outlawed disloyal or profane language directed against the constitution, military uniforms & flag

Wilson's 14 Points

plan for organizing post-war Europe in order to avoid future wars

League of Nations

international organization of nations formed in 1919 to prevent future wars

Reparations

war payments made by a losing country after war

General John Pershing

leader of the U.S. AEF forces in Europe

American Expeditionary Force

the U.S. armed forces sent over to fight in Europe during WWI. Not a legitimate army

War to End All Wars

the idea that WWI would, with all its destruction & devastation, end warfare

no man's land

A strip of land between the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WW1

total war

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion

armistice

A temporary peace agreement to end fighting.

Von Schlieffen Plan

A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts, attacking France first, then Russia.

Eastern Front

In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.

Western Front

in WWI, the region of northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other

U-Boat warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

reparations

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.

ultimatum

A demand or threat that is final

main causes of the war

militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism

Allies of World War I

Composed of France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy, the Allies fought the Central Powers in World War I. The United States joined the Allies in 1917.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Kaiser Wilhelm II

militaristic and nationalistic leader of Germany during the last decade of the 1800's and most of WWI

stalemate

A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other.

U-boat

German submarine - u boat is short of the German word, Unterseeboot (Under Sea Boat)

barbed wire

was laid out between the trenches to slow down advancing enemy forces

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