Chapter XVIII.—The
Emperor Constantine abolishes Paganism and erects many Churches in
Different Places.

After this the emperor became
increasingly attentive to the interests of the Christians, and
abandoned the heathen superstitions. He abolished the combats of the
gladiators, and set up his own statues in the temples. And as the
heathens affirmed that it was Serapis who brought up the Nile for the
purpose of irrigating Egypt, because a cubit was usually carried into
his temple, he directed Alexander to transfer the cubit to the church.
And although they predicted that the Nile would not overflow because of
the displeasure of Serapis, nevertheless there was an inundation in the
following year and afterwards, taking place regularly: thus it was
proved by fact that the rising of the Nile was not in consequence of
their superstition, but by reason of the decrees of Providence. About
the same time those barbarians the Sarmatians and Goths made incursions
on the Roman territory; yet the emperor’s earnestness respecting
the churches was by no means abated, but he made suitable provision for
both these matters. Placing his confidence in the Christian
banner,218218τροπαί& 251·: see
above, chap. 2.
he completely vanquished his enemies, so as even to cast off the
tribute of gold which preceding emperors were accustomed to pay the
barbarians: while they themselves, being terror-struck at the
unexpectedness of their defeat, then for the first time embraced the
Christian religion, by means of which Constantine had been protected.
Again he built other churches, one of which was erected near the Oak of
Mamre, under which the Sacred Oracles declare that Abraham entertained
angels. For the emperor having been informed that altars had been
reared under that oak, and that pagan sacrifices were offered upon
them, censured by letter Eusebius bishop of Cæsarea, and ordered
that the altars should be demolished, and a house of prayer erected
beside the oak. He also directed that another church should be
constructed in Heliopolis in Phœnicia, for this reason. Who
originally legislated for the inhabitants of Heliopolis I am unable to
state, but his character and morals may be judged of from the [practice
of that] city; for the laws of the country ordered the women among them
to be common, and therefore the children born there were of doubtful
descent, so that there was no distinction of fathers and their
offspring. Their virgins also were presented for prostitution to the
strangers who resorted thither. The emperor hastened to correct this
evil which had long prevailed among them. And passing a solemn law of
chastity, he removed the shameful evil and provided for the mutual
recognition of families. And having built churches there, he took care
that a bishop and sacred clergy should be ordained. Thus he reformed
the corrupt manners of the people of Heliopolis. He likewise demolished
the temple of Venus at Aphaca on Mount Libanus, and abolished the
infamous deeds which were there celebrated. Why need I describe his
expulsion of the Pythonic demon from Cilicia, by commanding the mansion
in which he was lurking to be razed from its foundations? So great
indeed was the emperor’s devotion to Christianity, that when he
was about to enter on a war with Persia, he prepared a tabernacle
formed of embroidered linen on the model of a church, just as Moses had
done in the wilderness;219219Ex.
xxxv.–xl.
and this so constructed as to be adapted to conveyance from place to
place, in order that he might have a house of prayer even in the most
desert regions. But the war was not at that time carried on, being
prevented through dread of the emperor. It would, I conceive, be out of
place here to describe the emperor’s diligence in rebuilding
cities and converting many villages into cities; as for example
Drepanum, to which he gave his mother’s name, and Constantia in
Palestine, so called from his sister. For my task is not to enumerate
of the emperor’s actions, but simply such as are connected with
Christianity, and especially those which relate to the churches.
Wherefore I leave to others more competent to detail such matters, the
emperor’s glorious achievements, inasmuch as they belong to a
different subject, and require a distinct treatise. But I myself should
have been silent, if the Church had remained undisturbed by divisions:
for where the subject does not supply matter for relation, there is no
necessity for a narrator. Since however subtle and vain disputation has
confused and at the same time scattered the apostolic faith of
Christianity, I thought it desirable to record these things, in order
that the 23transactions of the
churches might not be lost in obscurity. For accurate information on
these points procures celebrity among the many, and at the same time
renders him who is acquainted with them more secure from error, and
instructs him not to be carried away by any empty sound of sophistical
argumentation which he may chance to hear.