(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of appropriate safety directives

This hardware includes:

shackles,

links,

rings,

swivels,

turnbuckles,

eye bolts,

hoist rings,

wire rope clips,

wedge sockets, and

rigging blocks.

Definitions:

Abnormal operating conditions: environmental conditions that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for the operation of a piece of detachable hardware, such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures; exposure to weather; corrosive fumes; dust laden or moisture laden atmospheres; and hazardous locations. angle of loading: the acute angle between horizontal andthe leg of the rigging, often referred to as the horizontal angle.

bow, shackle: the curved portion of the shackle body opposite the pin, often referred to as the bail, the body, the die, or the bowl

dead end: the section of wire rope that is not tensioned under load

design factor: ratio between nominal or minimum breaking strength and rated load of the rigging hardware.

designated person: a person who is selected or assigned by the employer or employer’s representative as being competent to perform specific duties.

ears,shackle: portion of the shackle body which supports the shackle pin

hardware service:

normal: service that involves use of loads at or below the rated load.

severe: service that involves normal service coupled with abnormal rigging or operating conditions.

shackle: a U-shaped load-bearing connector designed to be used with a removable pin .

shock load: any condition which causes a momentary increase in the forces in a load-supporting component beyond the weight of the actual load being lifted.

pin, shackle: a steel bolt made to span the two shackle ears .

primary load fitting: the fitting on a rigging block that carries the highest applied load during use.

proof load: the specific load applied in performance of the proof tests.

proof test: a nondestructive load test made to a specific multiple of the rated load of the rigging hardware.

qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recognized degree in an applicable field or certificate of professional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work.

rated load: the maximum allowable working load established by the rigging hardware manufacturer. The terms “rated capacity” and “working load limit” are commonly used to describe rated load.

turnbuckle: an adjustable device consisting of three primary components: a body, a right-hand threaded endfitting, and a left-hand threaded end fitting

Shackles - Selection, Use, and Maintenance:

Types and materials:

(c) Shackles other than those detailed in this chapter shall be used only in accordance with recommendations of the shackle manufacturer or a qualified person.

The shackle shall have sufficient ductility to permanently deform before losing the ability to support the load at the temperatures at which the manufacturer has specified for use.

Design factor:

(a) The design factor for shackles up to and including a 150 ton rated load shall be a minimum of 5.

(b) The design factor for shackles over 150 ton rated load shall be a minimum of 4.

Rated loads:

Rated load shall be in accordance with the recommendation of the shackle manufacturer. The terms“rated capacity” and “working load limit” are commonly used to describe rated load.

Proof Test Requirements:

(a) Shackles are not required to be proof tested unless specified by the purchaser.

(b) If proof tested, a shackle shall be inspected after the test for the conditions stated.

Proof Load Requirements:

(a) The proof load for a shackle up to and including a 150 ton rated load shall be a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 2.2 times the rated load unless approved by the manufacturer.

(b) The proof load for a shackle over a 150 ton rated load shall be a minimum of 1.33 and a maximum of 2 times the rated load unless approved by the manufacturer.

Identification:

Shackle Body Identification:

Each new shackle body shall have forged, cast, or die stamped markings by the manufacturer to show

(a) name or trademark of manufacturer

(b) rated load

(c) size

Shackle Pin Identification:

Each new shackle pin shall have forged, cast, or diestamped markings by the manufacturer to show

(a) name or trademark of manufacturer

(b) grade, material type, or load rating

Maintenance of Identification:

Shackle identification should be maintained by the user so as to be legible throughout the life of theshackle.

Effect of Environment:

Temperature:

When shackles are to be used at temperatures above400°F (204°C) or below 40°F (40°C), the shackle manufacturer or a qualified person should be consulted.

Chemically Active Environments:

The strength of shackles can be affected by chemicallyactive environments such as caustic or acid substances or fumes. The shackle manufacturer or a qualified person should be consulted before shackles are used in chemically active environments.

Inspection, Repair and Removal:

Initial Inspection:

Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired shackles shall be inspected by a designated person to verify compliance with the applicable provisions of this Chapter. Written records are not required.

Frequent Inspection:

(a) A visual inspection shall be performed by the user or other designated person each day before the shackle is used. Semi-permanent and inaccessible locations where frequent inspections are not feasible shall have periodic inspections performed.

(b) Conditions such as those listed or any other condition that may result in a hazard shall cause the shackle to be removed from service. Shackles shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person.

Periodic Inspection:

(a) A complete inspection of the shackle shall be performed by a designated person. The shackle shall be examined for conditions such as those listed and a determination made as to whether theyconstitute a hazard.

(b) Periodic Inspection Frequency. Periodic inspection intervals shall not exceed one year. The frequency of periodic inspections should be based on

(1) frequency of shackle use

(2) severity of service conditions

(3) nature of lifts being made

(4) experience gained on the service life of shackles used in similar circumstances

(5) Guidelines for the time intervals are

(a) normal service – yearly

(b) severe service – monthly to quarterly

(c) special service – as recommended by a qualified person

Removal Criteria:

Shackles shall be removed from service if damage such as the following is visible and shall only be returned to service when approved by a qualified person: