OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of this experiment is:-
i. To demonstrate the working principles of industrial heat exchangers ii. To investigate the efficiency of the heat exchanger in parallel and counter flow arrangements 1.0 INTRODUCTIONA heat exchanger is equipment in which heat exchange takes place between 2 fluids that enter and exit at different temperatures. The main function of heat exchanger is to either remove heat from a hot fluid or to add heat to the cold fluid. The direction of fluid motion inside the heat exchanger can normally categorised as parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow. For parallel flow, also known as co-current flow, both the hot and cold fluids flow in the same direction. Both the fluids enter and exit the heat exchanger on the same ends. For counter flow, both the hot and cold fluids flow in the opposite direction. Both the fluids enter and exit the heat exchanger on the opposite ends. Examples in practice in which flowing fluids exchange heat are air intercoolers and preheaters, condensers and boilers in steam plant, condensers, condensers and evaporators in refrigeration units, and many other industrial process in which a liquid or gas is required to be either cooled or heated. Heat exchanger works as hot water and cold water enters the exchanger, where the process of cold water gaining some heat and the hot water losing some takes place, before they both exit the exchanger. What is actually happening is, the hot water is heating either the inside or the outside of the tubes in the exchanger, depending on where it is flowing, by what is known as convection. Then the heat is conducted through the tubes to the other side, either the outside or the inside, where it is then convected back into the cold water raising its temperature. Convection is a mode of heat transfer that involves motion of some fluid that either absorbs heat from a source or gives heat to some surrounding. Conduction is a mode of heat transfer in which the heat is moving through a stationary object or fluid. For a heat exchanger that flows parallel or counter current then the coefficient of heat transfer is called the overall coefficient of heat transfer. It is calculated using the log mean temperature difference, which is found two different ways, depending on whether the flow is parallel or counter. 2.0 MATERIALS AND APPARATUS

Concentric tube heat exchanger
PROCEDURE
PART A – Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger
1. The circulation of cold water started.
2. The flow of cold water was set to parallel to the flow of hot water. 3. The main switch and the pump were switched on.
4. The temperature controller was set to 60°C.
5. The hot water flow rate was set to 2 L/min and the cold water flow rate to 1.5 L/min. 6. The temperature enabled to stabilize before recording the temperatures from T1 to T6.

PART B – Counter Flow Heat Exchanger 1. The temperature controller was set to 60°C, and the hot water flow rate and cold water flow rate to 2 L/min and 1.5 L/min respectively. 2. Upon reaching steady-state conditions, the temperature readings from T1 to T6 were recorded. PART C – Flow Rate Variation

1. A counter flow set up was used on the heat exchanger.
2. The temperature controller was set to 60°C.
3. The cold and hot water flow rate were set to 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0L/min.

PART D – Water Temperature Variation
1. A counter flow set up was used on the heat exchanger. 2. Both the cold and hot water flow rate were set to 2L/min. 3. The hot water temperatures were varied to 50°C, 55°C and 60°C. 4. Upon reaching steady-state conditions, the temperature readings from T1 to T6 were recorded.

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...Heatexchanger
An interchangeable plate heatexchanger
Tubular heatexchanger.
A heatexchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact.[1] They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heatexchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air.
Contents |
Flow arrangement
Countercurrent (A) and parallel (B) flows
*
Fig. 1: Shell and tubeheatexchanger, single pass (1–1 parallel flow)
*
Fig. 2: Shell and tubeheatexchanger, 2-pass tube side (1–2 crossflow)
*
Fig. 3: Shell and tubeheatexchanger, 2-pass shell side, 2-pass tube side (2-2 countercurrent)
There are three primary classifications of heatexchangers according to...

...HeatExchanger Network Design for the Cumene Process |
C.A.K.E. Because We’re Just that Delicious Iowa State University Ames IA, 50010 |
Crego, Courtney LHines, KirkMonterrubio, AmyToohey, Erin |
Abstract
Often a major consideration of a chemical process plant is the high cost of utilities used for heating and cooling of process streams. Heat integration of process streams is an effective way to reduce the cost of these utilities, and this process is often referred to as a MUMNE (minimum utility, and minimum number of exchangers) network. In this report three separate heat exchange designs were examined to find the best design in terms of cost. Each design used a different amount of heat integration for the same process streams. Case A used no integration, Case B used all the streams for integration, and Case C only used cold streams 1 and 2, and hot streams 1, 2, 3, and 5 to obtain the same end temperatures for each of the streams given. The specified minimum approach temperature was 15°C.
For each of the three cases, a heat exchange network was designed according to the criteria given in the specified case. Case A included no heat integration and the sizing parameters and cost analysis were done only using utilities. For Case B and Case C, a pinch analysis was performed to properly integrate the process streams. Once the pinch analysis was...

...Introduction
Shell and TubeHeatExchanger
Shell and tubeheatexchanger is a type of heatexchanger design . It is most commonly used in oil refineries and other large chemical processes factory. As the name implies, it is consist of a shell with bundles of tube inside. One fluid flow through the tube while other flows over thetubes. The types consist of U-tube/straight-tubeheatexchanger. Uses of this heatexchanger is to cool the hydraulic fluid and oil in engines, transmissions and hydraulic packs. The upside is they are often easy to service. Referring to “Perry’s chemical Engineers” handbook, it is said that shell and tubeheatexchanger can provide reliable heat transfer by utilizing multiple passes of one or both fluids. The material uses for construction of the heatexchanger need a good thermal conductivity to avoid any heat loss or absorbed to surroundings. It also required to be compatible with both shell and tube side fluids for long periods under operating conditions.
Referrences: Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook(6th edition)
HeatExchangers: Selection, Rating and...

...CFD SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN SHELL AND TUBEHEATEXCHANGER
KHAIRUN HASMADI OTHMAN
A t hesis submitted in fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor in
Che mical Engineering (Gas Technology)
Faculty of Che mical and Natural Resources Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Pahang
APRIL 2009
i
ABSTRACT
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is a useful tool in solving and analyzing
problems that involve fluid flows, while shell and tubeheatexchanger is the most
common type of heatexchanger and widely use in oil refinery and other large chemical
processes because it suite for high pressure application. The processes in solving the
s imulation consist of modeling and meshing the basic geometry of shell and tubeheatexchanger using the CFD package Gambit 2.4. Then, the boundary condition will b e set
before been simulate in Fluent 6.2 based on the experimental parameters. Parameter that
had been used was the same parameter of experimental at constant mass flow rate of
cold water and varies with mass flow rate at 0.0151 kg/s, 0.0161 kg/s and 0.0168 kg/s of
hot water. Thus, this paper presents the simulation of heat transfer in shell and tubeheatexchanger model and validation to heat transfer in Shell...

...and hydraulic design response report to a heatexchanger problem where ethylene glycol and a poor quality feed of water are put through a shell and tubeexchanger with the objective of cooling the ethylene glycol feed. A shell and tubeexchanger was chosen over several other exchangers due to its high efficient performance and its relative ease of maintenance in processing these fluids.
From the data given and specific heat capacity researched for ethylene glycol, a MatLab script was constructed to calculate values from a range of formulae for a variety of variables including the initial duty, which was calculated to be 1486.1 KW. It was chosen, that as water is a more corrosive fluid and has a higher operating pressure, the water should pass through tubes made of stainless steel, which are easier to clean, and the ethylene glycol through the shell side. From here the Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD), Heat Transfer Coefficient (U = 714) and Total Interfacial Heat Transfer Area (A = 40.16m2) and a Reynolds number were all calculated using MatLab. A number of 336 tubes for the exchanger were established and it was concluded that a 1-4 Shell Tube design was most appropriate with tubes of inner diameter 15.05mm and an outer diameter of 19.05mm with a triangular...

...lean/rich MEA heatexchanger E-114. This heatexchanger is a counter flow shell and tubeheatexchanger and is designed to heat up the rich MEA stream flowing from the CO2 absorber to the stripper. The principle that is applied is heat exchange between cold stream and hot stream which in this case the heat energy is transferred from the lean MEA stream to the rich MEA stream. Apart from this, the chemical engineering design for this heatexchanger includes the determination of its dimensions and heat exchange coefficient as well as pressure drop. The mechanical design covers the design of pressure vessel, head, supports and piping. In addition, the operating design which includes the commissioning, start-up, shutdown and maintenance procedures, process control, and HAZOP study is considered.
2.0 Process Description
Figure 2.1 Schematic of rich/lean MEA heat exchange process flow sheet
The lean/rich MEA heat exchange process is presented in Figure 2.1. The MEA-2 stream containing rich CO2 is flowing from CO2 absorber and enters the heatexchanger to be heated up from 61°C to 80°C by MEA-7 before entering the stripper. The MEA-7 is then cooled down from 105°C to 84°C when pass through the heatexchanger...

...Forced Convection Convection Heat Transfer.doc
EXPERIMENT ON FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER 8.1 OBJECTIVES To study experimental data for heat transfer in order to evaluate the overall heat transfer coefficients and heat balances for the following cases of heat transfer in a .shell and tubeheatexchanger. (a) Natural convection and (b) Forced convection. 8.2 THEORY A basic diagram of a shell and tubeheatexchanger is shown in Figure 8.1. Here steam at a temperature of Tv is sent to the shell side at the port A at a rate of W kg/s. The steam transfers heat to a fluid at the tube side .The steam condenses during this process and leaves the shell side at the port B at a temperature Ts. The tube side fluid enters the heatexchanger at C with a flow rate of M kg/s at a temperature Ti and leaves at D at a temperature To. The heat loss QH from the steam can be expressed as QH = W(λ + CpH.(Tv-Ts)) Similarly, the heat gained by the tube side fluid QC can be expressed as QC= M.CpT. (Ti-To) The heat transfer coefficient for the shell side and tube side hH and hc can be estimated using QH = hH .ΔTM and QC = hC. ΔTM .
Page 1 of 15
Experiment 8 - Free & Forced...