INFOtextarticle2015engInternational Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68149

v.

2

no.

201500http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_2043_77345ffc8e23a2237d5a4d6ab4a65e21.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2015.2043Coating seeds with endophytic fungi enhances growth, nutrient uptake, yield and grain quality of winter wheatG.CollaDepartment of Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, via San Camillo De Lellis snc,
01100 Viterbo, ItalyauthorY.RouphaelDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, ItalyauthorP.BoniniAtens Agrotecnologias Naturales S.L., 43762 La Riera de Gaia, Tarragona, Spain.authorM.CardarelliConsiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l&#039;analisi dell&#039;economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per lo studio delle
relazioni tra pianta e suolo, 00184 Roma, Italy.authortextarticle2015engThe aim of this study was to assess whether seed coating with microbialconsortium based on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradicesBEG72, Glomus mossae and Trichoderma atroviride MUCL 45632 could improveseedling establishment, yield and grain quality (protein content and mineralcomposition) of wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). As a first step, a laboratoryexperiment was conducted in a growth chamber to verify the capability of seedcoating with endophytic fungi to promote emergence and plant growth of wheatseedlings. Two additional experiments were carried out under open fieldconditions, to evaluate the effects of coating with beneficial fungi on SPAD index,chlorophyll fluorescence, yield, grain quality and mineral composition of winterwheat. In the growth chamber experiment, 17 days after sowing, the SPAD index,the number of leaves, shoot and root dry biomass of seedlings were significantlyhigher by 10.0%, 28.6%, 23.1% and 64.2%, in coated as compared to uncoatedwheat seeds. In the open field trials, use of the uncoated seeds led to a significantreduction in grain yield by 24.3% and 7.7%, during the first and second growingseason, respectively, compared to the coated seeds. Grain quality of wheat, inparticular protein content, K, P, Fe and Zn concentrations were improved by AMfungi and Trichoderma inoculation. Uncoated wheat plants exhibited a strongvariation of yield between the two growing cycles (2.8 and 3.6 t ha-1 for 2011-12and 2012-13, respectively) in comparison to coated seeds (3.7 and 3.9 t ha-1 for2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively). The increase in grain yield and yield stability with coating seed treatment was associated with an increased level of macro andmicronutrient uptake, higher SPAD index and photochemical activity of PSII. Theapplication of coated seeds containing Glomus and Trichoderma can improve thecrop performance of wheat in a sustainable wayInternational Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68149

v.

2

no.

2015171190http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_2042_c68c7bdcaf6b36b4b7eb9128aeb53d33.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2015.2042Cotton reproductive and fiber quality responses to nitrogen nutritionS.B.LokhandeDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, 117 Dorman Hall, Box 9555, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
State, MS 39762authorK.Raja ReddyDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, 117 Dorman Hall, Box 9555, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
State, MS 39762.authortextarticle2015engNutrient (N) stress affects cotton growth, primary physiological processes andfiber properties. This study utilized two sunlit growth chambers to compare cotton(cv. TM-1) responses to two levels of N nutrition imposed at the onset of floweringstage of development, 100 and 0% of optimum N, in plants grown under otherwiseoptimal temperature and soil moisture conditions. Flowers and bolls were taggeddaily to estimate boll maturation period (BMP). Leaf N concentration wasdetermined every four days from flowering to maturity. Plant height and main stemnodes were determined every four days from emergence to 25 days after treatment(DAT) and photosynthetic measurements were recorded weekly from 0 to 56 DAT.Plant and boll-component dry weights were recorded at end of the experiment.Fiber quality was determined in samples of lint that were grouped based on averageleaf N concentration during the BMP. Total plant biomass was reduced 23% by Ndeficient treatment and these plants produced 14 bolls per plant as compared with21 bolls in N sufficient plants. Stress-induced decrease in leaf N was associatedwith linear decreases in leaf photosynthesis (r2=0.92) and stomatal conductance(r2=0.86). Fiber length and strength increased linearly with increase in lean Nconcentration, while fiber micronaire and uniformity declined linearly withincrease in leaf N concentration. Among the measured fiber properties, fibermicronaire was the most sensitive to changes in leaf N followed by strength, lengthand uniformity. Knowledge of the functional relationship between leaf Nconcentration and a fiber property can be used to develop a fiber quality submodelfor cotton under optimal temperature and water conditions.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68149

v.

2

no.

2015191210http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_2044_94e1b7ffb8ef986c229058dd67c39e1a.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2015.2044Physio-agronomic performance of spring cultivars T. aestivum and T. spelta grown in organic farming systemK.Zuk-GolaszewskaDepartment of Agrotechnology and Crop Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,
Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandauthorT.KurowskiDepartment of Phytopatology and Entomology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego
17, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.authorD.ZałuskiDepartment of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 3,
10-724 Olsztyn, PolandauthorM.SadowskaDepartment of Agrotechnology and Crop Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,
Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.authorJ.GolaszewskiDepartment of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 3,
10-724 Olsztyn, Poland.authortextarticle2015engOne of the goals of organic crop production is to grow species which combinetraditional pro-healthy properties, innovative cultivation practices and harmonywith the environment. Among the ancient species the spring spelt is especiallypredisposed for organic farming. In comparison with common wheat spring spelthas a relatively short research history on physiological analysis of growth anddevelopment. The objective of this study has been to compare the agronomicperformance and growth characteristics of spring varieties of Triticum spelta L. andTriticum aestivum L. cultivated in the organic farming system and sown ondifferent dates. The basis for the research were data from field plot experimentsarranged in completely randomized blocks carried out in 2010 and 2011. Thefactors were cultivars: two cultivars of T. aestivum (Trappe, Waluta) and twocultivars of T. spelta (Roter Sommerkolben, Speltz aus Tzaribrod) and sowingterms: optimal and postponed by two weeks. During the seasons there wereassessed: weed infestation and disease resistance, leaf chlorophyll index, biometricmeasurements associated with plant morphology and yielding and nutritional valueof grains. It was stated that cultivars of T. spelta are more tolerant to unfavorableenvironmental conditions than cultivars of T. aestivum, showing better adaptabilityto habitat conditions, when-due to the worse weather-the uptake of nutrients fromsoil can be limited, stronger competitiveness against weeds and higher tolerance todiseases of leaves and stems. The content of chlorophyll in spelt wheat grown in organic cultivation as well as yields are very stable across years. Underunfavourable weather conditions during the season, spelt wheat can give yieldswhich compare to yields of common wheat, but when in the favorable weatherconditions common wheat varieties generate yields higher by 42% (cv. Trappe) upto 47% (cv. Waluta).International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68149

2015237256http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_2046_c9a467be05f49a2f178834c7376bf26d.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2015.2046Influence of mineral and organic fertilizers on yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheatŠ.BuráňováDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural
Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.authorJ.ČernýDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural
Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.authorM.KulhánekDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural
Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.authorF.VašákDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural
Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.authorJ.BalíkDepartment of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural
Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.authortextarticle2015engThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term (16-years) nitrogenefficiency after the application of organic and mineral fertilizers at two sitesLukavec (S1) and Suchdol (S2) with different soil and climatic conditions in theCzech Republic (Central Europe) and to determine grain yield and nitrogen contentwith regard to the requirements of protein content for baking quality of wheat.After the application of NPK treatment the highest average values from both sitesof grain yield (6.22 t ha-1), nitrogen content (2.01%) and nitrogen uptake (123.6kg ha-1) were determined, which means 78%, 26% and 121% increases comparedto the unfertilized treatment. At the less fertile S1, located on Cambisol, thesignificant effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield was observed. The yield of theNPK treatment was by 144% higher compared to the unfertilized Controltreatment. The limit of 11.5% of protein content for bakery wheat was not achievedfor any of treatments at S1, at S2 for unfertilized treatment and treatments withorganic fertilizers. Lower values of recovery efficiency of nitrogen and N inputoutput balance were found at S2 situated on Chernozem.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68149

v.

2

no.

2015257272http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_2047_43b32ffe1eee66b5fba3a609fd3f35f3.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2015.2047Effect of controlled drainage in the wheat season on soil CH4 and N2O emissions during the rice seasonB.JiangAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China.authorSh.Y.YangAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China.authorX.B.YangAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China.authorY.H.MaAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaauthorX.L.ChenAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaauthorH.F.ZuoAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaauthorD.F.FanAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaauthorL.GaoAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaauthorQ.YuAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China
Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123,
Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.authorW.YangAnhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, Chinaauthortextarticle2015engThe effect of draining crop fields during the wheat season on the soil CH4 andN2O emissions during the rice season in this article. There were four treatments:traditional cultivation during the wheat season + cultivation without fertilizationduring the rice season (CK1 field), traditional cultivation during the wheat season +traditional cultivation during the rice season (CK2 field), draining the fields throughshallow furrows + traditional cultivation during the rice season (CQ field) anddraining the fields through deep furrows + traditional cultivation during the riceseason (CS field). The results are listed as follows. (1) Draining the field throughfurrows during the wheat season significantly reduced the CH4 and N2O emissionsduring the rice season. Compared with the CK1 field, the total CH4 emissions fromthe CQ and CS fields decreased by 43.1% and 39.9%, respectively; compared withthe CK2 field, the total CH4 emissions from the CQ and CS fields decreased by58.1% and 55.7%, respectively; compared with the CK2 field, the total N2Oemissions from the CQ and CS fields decreased by 33.6% and 32.7%, respectively.N2O emissions from the CQ and CS fields caused by fertilization declined by44.0% and 42.9% compared with that from the CK2 field. (2) Draining the wheatfield in winter changed the CH4 emission pattern during the following rice season.The daily average CH4 emission flux from the winter flooded CK1 and CK2 fieldswere comparable before the field sunning and after the re-flooding and the fluxesfrom the drained CQ and CS fields before the field sunning were close to that fromthe CK1 and CK2 fields but were significantly greater than that from the drainedCQ and CS fields after the field re-flooding. (3) The soil CH4 emission flux was significantly negatively correlated to the soil Eh. But the correlation was weakenedby the drainage treatment in the wheat season. In summary, draining the crop fieldin the wheat season should be an effective approach to reducing soil greenhousegas emissions in the rice season.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68149

v.

2

no.

2015273290http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_2048_c10d9f1d4b2f4060c2227b15bbf03802.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2015.2048Physiological basis of drought tolerance in potato grown under long-term water deficiencySh.ShiCollege of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, China.authorM.FanCollege of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, China.authorK.IwamaResearch Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.authorF.LiCollege of Ecology & Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019 China.authorZ.ZhangCollege of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, China.authorL.JiaCollege of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, China.authortextarticle2015engCoping with water shortages without compromising tuber yield is a majorchallenge for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in northern China. In thisstudy, we used three potato cultivars with different sensitivities to drought toevaluate the effect of long-term drought stress on morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics under field conditions during three growing seasons (2009-2011).Our aim was to identify the specific drought tolerance traits of the potato cultivarsto enable their cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. Our results show that thedrought-tolerant cultivars had higher tuber yields under conditions of drought duean increased number of tubers per hill and increased individual tuber weight.Compared with the drought-sensitive cultivar Neishu no. 7, the drought-tolerantcultivars Kexin no. 1 and Konyu no. 3 had stronger root systems and a highercapacity for water absorption at later developmental stages and a higher leafrelative water content, which conferred enhanced water retention under droughtconditions. Moreover, the levels of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide werelower and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase, were higher in the drought-tolerant cultivars underdrought stress conditions. These combined characteristics allowed the cultivars toexhibit different levels of water deficiency. The above agro-morphological andphysiological parameters could be used as a basis for breeding potato varieties withenhanced drought tolerance.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68149

v.

2

no.

2015305320http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_2050_b78bc02d94c5f8ce9f2feaf4cb75b9b7.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2015.2050Nitrogen yield and nitrogen use of chickpea compared to pea, barley and oat in Central EuropeR.W.NeugschwandtnerBOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Division of
Agronomy, Konrad Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.authorH.WagentristlBOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Experimental
Farm Groß-Enzersdorf, Schlosshoferstr. 31, 2301 Groß-Enzersdorf, Austria.authorH.-P.KaulBOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Division of
Agronomy, Konrad Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austriaauthortextarticle2015engEuropean agriculture suffers from a substantial deficit of protein sources forlivestock and the projected changes in agro-climatic conditions in Central Europeinclude a higher risk of drought. To address these challenges, the drought resistantlegume crop chickpea was compared with pea, barley and oat regarding its nitrogen(N) yield, protein yield and N use and utilization efficiency under CentralEuropean growing conditions. The two year trial was conducted in eastern Austriawith calcium ammonium nitrate or the depot fertilizer Basacote® Plus 6M at twolevels of N rate each besides an unfertilized control. In 2006, chickpea had thelowest grain yield and grain N yield among the four crops while under droughtconditions in 2007 chickpea attained a higher grain protein yield that surpassedthose of barley and oat. Under both, the more humid conditions in 2006 and thedrier weather in 2007, chickpea maintained a constant partial factor N useefficiency (PFNUE: grain yield per unit fertilizer N) and a consistently high Nutilization efficiency (NUtE: grain yield per unit N in the above-ground dry matter)for grain production whereas these parameters were severely decreased by droughtwith pea, barley and oat. Results indicate that chickpea could be an alternative in afuture more dry climate for achieving a reasonable protein yield in Central Europethrough its ability to maintain high PFNUE and NUtE under conditions of drought.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68149