Gano's father Mark Gano was a United States Navy Master Chief Petty Officer stationed in Scotland when Graham Gano was born. Graham Gano has a long line of ancestors who served in the military, including his grandfather Richard Gano, of Martinsburg, WV.[2] Gano grew up in Pensacola, Florida, attended J.M. Tate High School, where he was a two-sport star in football and track. In high school football, he was an All-American First-Team selection by USA Today and the nation's third-ranked kicker by Rivals.com.[3] Gano played in the CaliFlorida All-Star game, completing a 50-yard field goal in the game. During his senior season, Gano kicked three field goals over 55 yards (57, 64 and 65 yards) and had a 71-yard field goal made which was negated by a penalty. 36 of his 38 kickoffs were touchbacks and he averaged better than 42 yards per punt as a senior.[3]

Also a standout track & field athlete, Gano was one of the state's top performers in the sprinting events. He captured three state titles in track at the 2005 FHSAA 3A District 1, winning the 100-meter dash, with a time of 10.55 seconds, the 200-meter dash, with a time of 21.70 seconds, and the 400-meter dash, with a time of 48.00 seconds.[4]

During his senior year in 2008, Gano finished first in the FBS for field goals made, percentage of field goals converted and 50-yard field goals made, and was the Lou Groza Award winner as the nation's top kicker. He was one of only two kickers in college to make over 90% of his field goal attempts in 2008. He was the highest scoring kicker in America and fourth overall in the FBS in scoring. He also was a Rivals.com, Scout.com and CBS Sports first team All-American. Gano was listed as Walter Camp, Associated Press, Sporting News, SI.com and Phil Steele second team All-American. He earned All-ACC First Team honors as well.

Gano was four-time ACC Specialist of the Week for his kicking performances against NC State, Virginia Tech, Clemson and Maryland. He also was a two-time Lou Groza Star of the Week honoree for his performances in Florida State's victories over NC State and Clemson. He was named offensive special teams player of the year for the Seminoles as selected by the Florida State coaching staff. He also led the ACC in field goals per game with a career-high 2.2 field goals per game average. Gano has the highest FG percentage in the ACC; in 2008 he made 92.3 percent of his field goal attempts (24 of 26) and led the league in field goals made with 24. He was also the ACC's leading scorer with 105 points and a 9.5 points per game average. Gano was also the only kicker in FSU history to convert over 90% of his field goals in a season. He is the only punter ever to be named the MVP of a bowl game, when he was named the Most Valuable Player in the Champs Sports Bowl. He holds the Seminoles single season record for 50-yard field goals, completing five straight attempts from 50 yards or longer. Despite only kicking for one season, he finished second in career 50-yard field goals at FSU behind two time Lou Groza Award winner Sebastian Janikowski.[3]

Gano was signed by the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League after being cut by the Ravens. He earned the first points for the league after converting a 32-yard field goal, and hit what was at the time a UFL record long field goal of 53 yards. He was also responsible for the winning field goal which gave the Locomotives the first ever UFL championship.[5] He finished the season leading the league in scoring and field goals made.[6]

On December 8, 2009, he was signed by the Washington Redskins, replacing Shaun Suisham. He successfully connected on his first NFL field goal attempt, a 46-yarder against the Oakland Raiders on December 13, 2009. Gano continued to play for the Redskins in the 2010 season. He cemented his status as a clutch kicker for the Redskins by contributing to 3 overtime game-winning field goals when playing the Green Bay Packers, Tennessee Titans, and Jacksonville Jaguars.

Due to his inconsistency in the 2010 season, the Redskins brought Shayne Graham to compete.[7] After a good performance in the preseason and horrible performance by Shayne Graham in the first preseason game, Gano was kept on the final roster before the start of the new season. In Week 9 against the San Francisco 49ers of the 2011 season, he kicked a 59-yard field goal breaking the Redskins' franchise record of 57 yards.[8] At the end of the season, he made 31 of 41 field goal attempts with five of the ten misses being blocked kicks.[9]

On March 3, 2012, the Redskins tendered a contract with Gano establishing exclusive negotiating rights and guaranteeing him a league minimum salary.[10] He was once again forced to compete for his job after the team signed Neil Rackers.[11] Originally it seemed that once again, Gano kept his spot on the Redskins' roster after Rackers was cut on August 27.[12][13] In a surprise transaction by the Redskins, Gano was released the next day after the team signed Billy Cundiff.[14]

On November 20, 2012, Gano was signed by the Carolina Panthers, replacing Justin Medlock. He would play the last six games of the season under head coach Ron Rivera and would convert nine out of eleven field goal attempts. For 2013, as of October 27, he is 10 for 10 with 3 for 3 past 50 yards.

On February 28, 2014, it was announced that Gano had signed a new four year contract with the Panthers worth $12.4 million.[15]