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Summary

The Federalist by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay constitutes a text central to the American political tradition. Written and published in newspapers in 1787 and 1788 to explain and promote ratification of the proposed Constitution for the United States, which were then bound by the Articles of Confederation, The Federalist remains of singular importance to students of liberty around the world. The Liberty Fund edition of Federalist includes a new introduction notes to The Federalist, a glossary, and the entirety of the Articles of Confederation, the Declaration of Independence, and the United States Constitution. Adjoining the text of the Constitution are cross-references linking provisions of the Constitution to the pertinent passages in The Federalist that address the specific term, phrase, section, or article within the Constitution.

Table of Contents

Editors' Introduction

xvii

Reader's Guide to The Federalist

lvii

Preface to the Gideon Edition

lxxxv

THE FEDERALIST

Introduction

1

(4)

Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force & Influence

5

(4)

The same Subject continued

9

(4)

The same Subject continued

13

(4)

The same Subject continued

17

(3)

Concerning Dangers from War between the States

20

(6)

The subject continued, and Particular Causes Enumerated

26

(6)

The effects of Internal War in producing Standing Armies, and other institutions unfriendly to liberty

32

(5)

The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard against Domestic Faction and Insurrection

37

(5)

The same Subject continued

42

(7)

The Utility of the Union in respect to Commerce and a Navy

49

(6)

The Utility of the Union in respect to Revenue

55

(5)

The same Subject continued, with a view to Economy

60

(2)

An Objection drawn from the Extent of Country, Answered

62

(6)

Concerning the Defects of the Present Confederation, in Relation to the Principle of Legislation for the States in their Collective Capacities

68

(7)

The same Subject continued, in relation to the same Principles

75

(5)

The Subject continued, and Illustrated by Examples, to show the tendency of Federal Governments, rather to Anarchy among the Members, than Tyranny in the Head

80

(4)

The Subject continued, with further Examples

84

(6)

The Subject continued, with further Examples

90

(5)

The Subject continued, with further Examples

95

(4)

Further defects of the present Constitution

99

(5)

The same subject continued, and concluded

104

(8)

The necessity of a government, at least equally energetic with the one proposed

112

(5)

The subject continued, with an answer to an objection concerning standing armies

117

(5)

The subject continued, with the same view

122

(4)

The subject continued, with the same view

126

(6)

The subject continued, with the same view

132

(4)

The same subject continued

136

(4)

Concerning the militia

140

(5)

Concerning taxation

145

(5)

The same subject continued

150

(4)

The same subject continued

154

(4)

The same subject continued

158

(4)

The same subject continued

162

(5)

The same subject continued

167

(5)

The same subject continued

172

(7)

Concerning the difficulties which the convention must have experienced in the formation of a proper plan

179

(7)

The subject continued, and the incoherence of the objections to the plan, exposed

186

(7)

The conformity of the plan to republican principles: an objection in respect to the powers of the convention, examined

193

(6)

The same objection further examined

199

(8)

General view of the powers proposed to be vested in the union

207

(8)

The same view continued

215

(7)

The same view continued

222

(8)

The same view continued and concluded

230

(7)

A further discussion of the supposed danger from the powers of the union, to the state governments

237

(5)

The subject of the last paper resumed; with an examination of the comparative means of influence of the federal and state governments

242

(7)

The meaning of the maxim, which requires a separation of the departments of power, examined and ascertained

249

(7)

The same subject continued, with a view to the means of giving efficacy in practice to that maxim

256

(4)

The same subject continued, with the same view

260

(4)

The same subject continued, with the same view

264

(3)

The same subject continued, with the same view, and concluded

267

(5)

Concerning the house of representatives, with a view to the qualifications of the electors and elected, and the time of service of the members

272

(4)

The same subject continued, with a view of the term of service of the members

276

(6)

The same subject continued, with a view to the ratio of representation

282

(4)

The same subject continued, in relation to the total number of the body

286

(5)

The subject continued, in relation to the same point

291

(4)

The same subject continued, in relation to the supposed tendency of the plan of the convention to elevate the few above the many

295

(5)

The same subject continued, in relation to the future augmentation of the members

300

(5)

Concerning the regulation of elections

305

(5)

The same subject continued

310

(5)

The same subject continued, and concluded

315

(4)

Concerning the constitution of the senate, with regard to the qualifications of the members; the manner of appointing them; the equality of representation; the number of the senators, and the duration of their appointments

319

(6)

A further view of the constitution of the senate, in regard to the duration of the appointments of its members

325

(7)

A further view of the constitution of the senate, in regard to the power of making treaties

332

(5)

A further view of the constitution of the senate, in relation to its capacity, as a court for the trial of impeachments

337

(5)

The same subject continued

342

(5)

Concerning the constitution of the president: a gross attempt to misrepresent this part of the plan detected

347

(4)

The view of the constitution of the president continued, in relation to the mode of appointment

351

(4)

The same view continued, with a comparison between the president and the king of Great Britain, on the one hand, and the governor of New York, on the other

355

(7)

The same view continued, in relation to the unity of the executive, and with an examination of the project of an executive council

362

(7)

The same view continued, in regard to the duration of the office

369

(5)

The same view continued, in regard to the re-eligibility of the president

374

(5)

The same view continued, in relation to the provision concerning support, and the power of the negative

379

(5)

The same view continued, in relation to the command of the national forces, and the power of pardoning

384

(3)

The same view continued, in relation to the power of making treaties

387

(4)

The same view continued, in relation to the appointment of the officers of the government

391

(5)

The view of the constitution of the president concluded, with a further consideration of the power of appointment, and a concise examination of his remaining powers

396

(5)

A view of the constitution of the judicial department in relation to the tenure of good behaviour

401

(7)

A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the provisions for the support and responsibility of the judges

408

(3)

A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the extent of its powers

411

(6)

A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the distribution of its authority

417

(9)

A further view of the judicial department, in reference to some miscellaneous questions

426

(4)

A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the trial by jury