Two antennas met on a roof, fell in love and got married.
The wedding wasn't anything special... but the reception was excellent!

Tutorial: 5G Wireless

Now that 4G cellular mobile is settled, talk is now turning to 5G.

The first thing to know about 5G is that there are currently no standards, no detailed agreement on what exactly it will be. But we have a number of general indicators to guide the discussion:

1. 5G will employ radio frequencies well above what is currently used for cellular.
The current frequency bands for 3G/4G cellular top out at about 2.6 GHz. Proposals for frequency bands for 5G include "millimeter wave" bands, that is, wavelengths varying between 1 and 10 mm, which correspond to frequencies between about 30 and 300 GHz. No doubt, in the future, there will be unified 5G systems with variations operating in all frequency bands; but the current emphasis is on new technology in the millimeter wave bands.

2. 5G will provide very high bit rates.
With carrier frequencies at 30 GHz and above, very wide frequency bands around those center frequencies can be employed, allowing the radio frequency modems to achieve high numbers of bits per second. In addition, Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) designs can implement massive parallel communications, radically increasing the capacity available to a user. Initial designs and trials have measured 5 Gb/s (5,000 Mb/s). No doubt, this will be pushed beyond 10 Gb/s.

3. Initially, 5G will not be a replacement for 4G.
At millimeter wave frequencies, in-building penetration and refraction around obstacles is poor, and the atmosphere attenuates (diminishes) the signal to the point that line-of-sight between the antennas is necessary, and useful transmission range is measured in the hundreds of meters (yards). This means that the first deployments of 5G will be in environments where base stations can be closely spaced.

One application for all this bandwidth is traffic control: going beyond today's standalone self-driving vehicles to vehicles communicating with each other and with traffic control systems, with base stations deployed on street lights as suggested by the picture.

At Teracom, we are constantly updating our courses. The latest update is a revision of Course 130 (which is Thursday and Friday of BOOT CAMP) to include new chapters on The Internet of Everything and IP Security.

Non-technical people who write news articles have recently latched on to the phrase "Internet of Things" (IoT)... but this is missing the bigger picture: in the future, EVERYTHING will be connected to the Internet.

We are therefore today announcing that the phrase is changed to "the Internet of Everything".

5G wireless with Gigabits per second to connected vehicles is a good example. Heart monitors with kilobits per second and 10-year battery life is another. Brain implants for virtual reality experiences (and you know which kind will end up being the most popular...) are not far off.

And, of course, the more things that are connected, the more potential there is for criminals to take control of them, holding them for ransom, using them to collect private information including video and audio, and using it for insider trading, fraud, extortion... the list goes on and on. Connectivity and security must go hand-in-hand.

Accordingly, Course 130, (Thursday and Friday of BOOT CAMP) has been updated to build on the solid foundation of Course 101 (Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday) with Voice over IP, SIP and SIP Trunking, VoIP systems, IP security, and finishing Friday afternoon with The Future: the Internet of Everything, how everything will be online - from toasters to 5G wireless and self-driving trucks, and all of the different enabling technologies... including 5G.

You may register for just the first three days of BOOT CAMP, which is Course 101, or just the last two days of BOOT CAMP, which is Course 130, as best meets your needs. But with the low incremental cost and wall-to-wall training, the full-week BOOT CAMP is a great opportunity.

Your colleagues may be interested... would you please forward this to them?

Many thanks,
Eric Coll, Director
Teracom Training Institute

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