from north america down to mississippi
fur trapping and trading
lived in marmony with the native americans

Spanish

southwest
converted and colonized
made native americans part of colonies

English

east coast
colonized
removed native americans moving them west

Impact of Disease

killed between 50-90% of native population

impact of horses

allowed sedentory tribes to move west and settle in the great plains

impact of trade

especially wanted firearms
led to intertribal conflicts

French and Indian War

-Extension of the seven year war in Europe
-Iraquois allied themselves with the British (trade)
-Almost all the other tribes sided with the French
-French raid English settlements
-British won the war
-Bad for tribes who sided w/ the french *Iroquois allience with British fell apart *Beginning of end of Iroquois confederacy
-British and Iroquois continued to fight over trade in Ohio valley

Revolution

Patroits advise native Americans to stay out of the way (most did.. some sided with British because they thought they could protect them from the patroits - limit settlement in western land)
Patroit victory meant increased westward movement which negatively impacted Native Americans

Erie Canal

1825
Connected Hudson River (NYC) to Lake Erie- land etc in Ohio and points west

Gold in California

Sutters Mill California 1848- Gold!
100,000 of people came looking for Gold

Railroad

-1869 Promontary- joining of transcontinental railroad
-US gov offered land and money loans to encourage more railroad developement
-moved settlers quickly into the west

Homestead Act

1862
Very small fee
160 acres of land
make improvements
live on it for 5 years
only 400,000 stayed on the land long enough to earn their claims

Henry Comstock
Gold and Silver
Nevada- had to import everything they needed

Ranching

-Mexican tradition of catthe ranching Texas
-open range
-1866 1st cattle drive from the range to the railroad head
-Most of the cattle died but they proved that this could be done
-Chisvolm trail: san Antonio, Texas to abilene, Kansas
-Cowboys: confederate army veterins.. many were african americans

Range wars

between farmers (who wanted fences) vs cattmen (open range)

Farming

1865-1900 farming becomes more international
Farming for profit not just for substence
1880 drought-bad for farmers
overproduction
led to failure of farm
many moved back east
farmers were mat at railroads- prices for transportation *banks- 10-25% interest rates *prices for goods too high

In the constitution

-regulate trade with indian tribes

Jefferson

Noble savages: unciviled but not inferior people
-help trives by giving them western education

1789 the northwest ordinance

said that as settlers moved west they were not allowed to take native americans land w/o their consent

Battle of Tippecannoe

william henry harrison (governor of indiana)
tecumsen and indian confederation
tecumsen was defeated and the confederation was over

1819 purchase of florida

Many native american tribes had fled to spanish controlled florida
Seminoles: 1)combination of tribes and escaped slaves 2)they would raid US and return to florida
Andrew Jackson led raid to put down seminoles
seminoles were moved on to a reservation after the purchase of florida from spain

In the constitution

-regulate trade with indian tribes

Jefferson

Noble savages: unciviled but not inferior people
-help trives by giving them western education

1789 the northwest ordinance

said that as settlers moved west they were not allowed to take native americans land w/o their consent

Battle of Tippecannoe

william henry harrison (governor of indiana)
tecumsen and indian confederation
tecumsen was defeated and the confederation was over

1819 purchase of florida

Many native american tribes had fled to spanish controlled florida
Seminoles: 1)combination of tribes and escaped slaves 2)they would raid US and return to florida
Andrew Jackson led raid to put down seminoles
seminoles were moved on to a reservation after the purchase of florida from spain

In the constitution

-regulate trade with indian tribes

Jefferson

Noble savages: unciviled but not inferior people
-help trives by giving them western education

1789 the northwest ordinance

said that as settlers moved west they were not allowed to take native americans land w/o their consent

Battle of Tippecannoe

william henry harrison (governor of indiana)
tecumsen and indian confederation
tecumsen was defeated and the confederation was over

1819 purchase of florida

Many native american tribes had fled to spanish controlled florida
Seminoles: 1)combination of tribes and escaped slaves 2)they would raid US and return to florida
Andrew Jackson led raid to put down seminoles
seminoles were moved on to a reservation after the purchase of florida from spain

1828 Cherokee Nation V. Georgia

Cherokee were unciviled tribe but adopted western
*farming, houseing, clothing, and education
*created a written language and published their own newspaper
When white settlers wanted their land the state of Georgia tride to take it from Cherokkes
Court ruled in favor of cherokees

1830 Indian Removal Act

President Andrew Jackson decreed that all Native AMericans still in the eastern part of the us should be removed west of the mississippi
1000's died on the "trail of tears"

Battle of Little Bighorn

Col George Armstrong Custer and 250 men killed by 4500 soux and Cheyanne

1887 Dawes Act

Each family 160 acres of land on the reservations
land owners had to stop traditional tribal practices and follow western style
estra reservation land could be sold to white settlers
a lot of native american culture was lost
many children were sent to boarding schools (live carsle to learn western way that they were expected to take back to the reservation)

Hopi (Allie)

- Chief Loloma cooperative with the US - his cooperation divide the Hopi nation
- very small reservation in the middle of Navajo Reservation - Navajo took most of Hopi Land

Nez Perce (Laura)

- Chief Joseph along with a small band of Nez Perice out ran the US government troops for 14,000 miles before
he surrendered
- they were running away because of a misunderstand between the tribe and the US government

Pueblo (Jackie)

US in Treaty of Guldalipe Hidalgo agreed to allow Pueblo to keep their land

Iroquois (Steffi)

lost land in New York State
- 1831- removed to Ohio
- 1865- removed to Oklahoma