In Canada, the United States, and other countries though,many democratic traditions came from England...The Magna CartaIn England, the Magna Carta, signed in 1215 A.D. Important landmark in England that eventually led to democracy in Britain. This great charter guaranteed the English people certain civil rights. The English monarch had to consult an elected parliament and to rule lawfully.civil war in EnglandBetween 1642 and 1651, the English fought a civil war to protect their rights.A civil war is a war fought between citizens of the same country.In the civil war, they beheaded an English King and became for a brief time a country without a monarch. This form of government is known as a republic.They later deposed a king in what is known as the "Glorious Revolution."Bill of RightsBy end of the century, English Monarchs became required to accept a bill of rights.This made England a Constitutional Monarchy, a government in which the monarch rules according to existing laws. Creation of Bill of Rights important to Britain, Canada, and the United States.People coming to North America brought democratic ideals shaped by the Bill of Rights.As we will learn about later, France was also influenced by English ideas about how countries should be governed.Where did the English Civil war Take Place?Took Place on Great Britain. Separated from the rest of Europe by a body of water called the English Channel.Britain encompasses three main regions: Scotland, Wales, and England.North Britain is hilly, mountainous, and has only a little farmable land.South Britain was low-lying, warmer, and well suited for farming.English society in the seventeenth centuryEngland becoming powerful and wealthy by the time Elizabeth I died in 1603.After the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, English ships were able to travel anywhere they wanted.England was free to settle in and control the lands of others. Became a colonizing nation and built colonies in North America, India, and the Carribbean.English society in the seventeenth centuryTrade with these colonies and the rest of the world enriched England enormously.English population rapidly grew. English entrepreneurs (people involved in risky-but-profitable business like merchants, manufacturers, and landholders) found new opportunities and became wealthy.English society becoming more unequal and divided. Hands-On-Mind-On:

Place the different types of people into the correct seventeenth century English social class. The 3 social classes are: upper class, middle class, and lower class.King Military OfficialsKing Advisers Mill WorkersNobles FarmersChurch Officials (Bishops) ServantsMerchants BlacksmithStone Masons CarpenterLandowners ShopkeepersDress makers Regular SoldiersAnswers:

Upper class: the king, king's advisers, nobles, and the high church officials such as bishops

Lower class: made up of thousands of ordinary workers, regular soldiers, servants, and farmersHow important do you think ships were to England during the seventeenth century? What do you think they used them for?Are ships an important method of transportation today?Different ClassesRead-Predict-Activity:

- Take a look at Figure 2-4 and 2-5 in your textbooks (pgs. 22-23)- What conclusions can you come to about English Society in the 17th Century?The middle classEnglish merchants went around the world bring back products to EnglandSkilled workers (carpenter, blacksmiths, stone masons, dressmakers) could earn a reasonable wage and afford a good life.Many belonged to organizations called guilds that protected their members and looked after them.The Lower classFarmers and ordinary workers did not do as well as skilled workers.Worked long hours for little pay.Homes were small and cramped with sometimes entire families living in one or two rooms.Many lived in poverty with little or no opportunity to improve their lives.Widows with children especially suffered badly with the loss of their husband's wage.Poor lived mainly of bread and beer. Could afford meat or cheese sometimes.Major changes occurring in English society during the seventeenth centuryEnglish diet and customs were changing rapidly because of goods and products arriving from around the world such as pineapple and chocolateMembers of the middle class aspired to join the upper classWhile upper classes were wealthy enough to own valuable possessions, many among the lower classes barely made enough to surviveOpening of coffee houses gave men an opportunity to talk about politics and gossip while drinking imported coffee and imported tobaccoClass Collaborative T Chart Activity:

- Rearrange tables and/or seats so one person is directly facing another. - With you group, work on a T Chart comparing the similarities and differences between seventeenth century British society and present day Canadian society- Provide your ideas in point form and be sure to add a title!- Move to the table/and or seat next to you when I say so- Share ideas you already have written down and add some new ones!What do you think he means?

Do you agree or disagree? Why?(two-three reasons/examples)True or False:In 17th century England,people believed witches always had big nose.People believed witches were always women.People suspected of witchcraft could only prove their innocence by being plunged into water until they died.Witchhunters existed in seventeenth century England.Religion in EnglandReligion very importantMajority of English protestantChurch of England (Anglicans) the official church headed by the Kings and Queens.Supported by taxes from the people.PuritansPuritans (Calvinists): opposed to decorations and ceremonies of Anglican Churches. Spread rapidly in 16th and 17th century.Opposed luxury, drinking, gambling, and theater.Believed laws needed to keep people from sinning.Puritans Vs. church of englandAt times tolerated.Puritans allowed to have services as long as they went to Anglican services.At other times, Puritans were fined and imprisoned by royal authorities.Puritans soon began leaving Britain for Holland and America.witches!Considered personification of the devil.Puritans considered women more than men to be witches.Believed them to be less able to resist evil.Witch-Hunt hysteria occurred in England, Scotland, and America.Torture and execution common.Single women and old wise women targeted.witches!Condemnation: ducked in water, thumbs tied to toes, until they drowned (proved innocence).Others hanged, burned, and pressed.Hysteria caused by fear. Even educated people persuaded to believe witches to be real and living among them...Class Activity

Imagine you needed to create a bill or rights for a class in order to protect yourself from a teacher like the one in this clip. He or she is super controlling and completely unreasonable. Worse, they punish students severely for the littlest things.

In groups of 4 create your own bill of rights (six to eight) Be sure to explain why each right is important to you.Monarchy in EnglandQueen Elizabeth dies in 1603Her nephew James Stuart becomes King of EnglandStuart Kings dislike democratic traditions of EnglandBelieves in absolute monarchy where Kings and Queens have unlimited powerClose ties to France and Catholic ChurchIntroduces idea of Divine Right of Kings to EnglandDivine Right of kingsDivine = Coming from GodBelief that monarchs were God's representative on EarthCould not be questioned by "ordinary people"Reign of King james IIntimidated his subjects to gain their loyaltyRewards bad advisers with titlesThis upsets many English noblesAlways short of money Allied with Church of England Disliked the PuritansAlways suspicious of witches and witchcraftAfter death, nation dividedMany powerful and angry peopledivine rights activityWhat do you think life would be like if one of you had the ”Divine Right?"

Prepare a 2-minute skit

Every member of your selected group must play a part

Be prepared to present to the class in 10 minutesReign of King Charles ISon of James I becomes KingBeliever in Divine Right of the KingsUnwilling to compromise with the English ParliamentMarried a Catholic... Constantly looking for moneyRaises money through corruptionEventually faces rebellion and warBeheaded by parliamentThink/Share/Brainstorm: Where is Charles sitting? What evidence is there from the picture that things will not go well for Charles I?T/S/B: In this version of the trial, do you think Charles I was treated fairly? Why or why not.T/S/B: In this version of the trial, do you think everyone in England was happy about Charles I being charged with treason? Are Charle's arguments more convincing than the court's? Why or why not?