So what are panic attacks?

Tuesday 19 February 2002 00:00 BST

What are they?

A person having an attack is confused, frightened, and feels a loss of control. Symptoms include palpitations, dizziness, nausea and chest pains. A recent study suggests that blood supply to the heart is reduced, which could result in angina or, at worst, a heart attack. It is estimated 10 to 15 per cent of the population suffers panic attacks at some time.

What causes them?

Phobias, anxiety or stressful events. Caffeine and low blood sugar are thought to increase the risk. When blood sugar falls below the normal level, anxiety-inducing adrenaline is produced, so it is essential that blood sugar levels are stable.

How can attacks be prevented?

Relaxation and meditation can help. Cut out coffee, tea, chocolate and soft drinks that contain caffeine. Eat regular, healthy meals, especially foods which release energy slowly into the blood: meat and fish, brown rice, vegetables etc. Tranquillisers can be prescribed, but sometimes have side effects. Psychotherapy has also been used, but many doctors feel a sensible diet can often suffice.