Basic configuration in SAP FI to create GL accounts

The
Variant Principle is a Three Step Method used in the SAP system to assign
particular properties to one or more objects, the steps are;

1.Define
The Variant.

2.Determine
Values For The Variant.

3.Assign
The Variant To The Object.

Maintain
Fiscal Year Variant:

A Fiscal
Year or the Financial Year is usually a period of twelve months for which a
company regularly creates an inventory and financial statements. The screen shot
explains the navigation and the creation of Fiscal Year Variant. The Fiscal year
variant is categorized into three types namely

1.Year
Independent FYV.

2.Year
dependent FYV.

3.Shortened
FYV.

Year
Independent:

The starting date and the ending
date of the Fiscal doesn’t change according to the year, this type of FYV
is called year independent. For e.g. FY of INDIA, irrespective of the year the
FYV is from APRIL 1ST to MARCH 31st. Creation of this type
of FYV is explained below with screen shorts.

Year
Dependent:

The
starting date and the ending date change every year, this type of FYV which is
dependent on the year is called year dependent FYV. The FYV must be changed
every year to carry out transaction. For e.g. FY of USA, changes every year.

Shortened
FYV:

This type of FYV is used to compensate the difference or the gap which
occurs between FY usually this FYV will have less than 12 periods. Usage of SFYV
is shown below with business scenarios as examples.

Scenario 1: Say the FY of USA is from JAN 1ST to NOV 31st
this year (2011), and next year they use FY from MARCH 1ST TO DEC 31ST
(2012), For this type of scenario Shortened FYV is incorporated to fill the GAP
between DEC 1ST (2011) TO FEB 28TH (2012).

Scenario 2: Suppose the business of an Company starts in between there
FYV say OCT 1ST and ends at MAR 31stso to do posting SFYV is created and used for the first year of their
business.

Fiscal
Year Variant ‘LO-YEAR INDEPENDENT’ is defined in the screen above, The
periods of the FYV is determined below which is a 12period & 4special
posting period variant. The Fiscal year followed in India is Year Independent
which is from APRIL 1ST to MARCH 31ST irrespective of the
year.

The year
shift which indicates ‘-1’ is the months of last year and the year shift
‘0’ indicates the months of the present years.

Thus the
FYV is assigned to Company Code 1000 & 2000.

Note: The fiscal year variant doesn’t specify whether a period
is open or closed, it only defines the number of periods and their start &
finish days.

Special
Posting Period:

In order
to ensure that you can compare the closing months with the other periods of the
fiscal year, we make closing posting in the special periods for e.g. 12 posting
periods & 4 special posting periods. These special posting periods could be

1.Accruals
& deferrals.

2.Audit
posting.

3.General
meeting of share holders.

4.Adjustment
Postings. Etc .

Posting
Period variant:

It is
responsible for the opening & closing of periods in a Fiscal year for
posting to take place. You can specify which company codes are open for posting
in a posting period variant. Posting period variants are cross-company code and
you have to assign them to your company codes. The posting periods are then
opened and closed simultaneously for all company codes via the posting period
variants.

Working
with posting period variants is recommended if you are responsible for a large
number of company codes. Since you only have to open and close the posting
period once for the variant, your work is considerably reduced. Posting Period
Variant can control posting according to the account type also. The
configuration of Posting Period variant is explained below

The
Posting Period Variant is defined for the company 4623. According to the variant
principle the next step is to determine values for the variant,

Navigation
is shown.

As the
Screen shot explains the posting period can be maintained per account type and
the year which is to be open & closed can be easily managed. ‘+’
determines the Masked account type applicable for all the account type, the
posting is possible from 2011 to 2020 for periods 1 to 12 and the for periods 13
to 16 it is open from 2011 to 2021.

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