* The verdict to be delivered in Lucknow today considers a dispute over 2.7 acres of land in Ayodhya.
* The dispute was first taken to court 60 years ago

There are four title suits that ask the court to decide on:

* ownership of the land
* whether there was a temple at the site before 1538
* did the idols of Lord Ram, Sita and Lakshman exist inside the mosque, or were the idols placed inside on 22 December, 1949?

There was communal tension when an idol of Lord Ram was found inside in December 1949, and the government confiscated the site. That is when the lawsuits began.

* The Ramjanmabhoomi Trust holds that this land is the birthplace of Lord Ram
* The Waqf Board holds that the land was site of the 16th century Babri mosque
* In December 1992, thousands of kar sevaks, led by BJP and RSS leaders, demolished the Babri Masjid.

In his order dated February 24, 1885, the judge declined permission on the ground that, even though the land on which the chabootra stood belonged to the plaintiff, ‘it was so close to the existing masjid that it would be contrary to public policy to grant a decree authorising him to build a temple as desired by him.’

The Faizabad sub-judge who came to this decision was Pandit Hari Kishan, a Brahmin.

Das then appealed to Faizabad’s district judge, Colonel J E A Chambier, who, after a spot inspection on March 17, 1886, dismissed the appeal on the same grounds.

The Englishman also struck down the part of the sub-judge’s verdict which conceded the property to Das.

Judge Chambier ruled: ‘I found that the masjid built by Emperor Babar stands on the border of the town of Ayodhya… It is most unfortunate that a masjid should have been built on the land specially held sacred by the Hindus. But as it occurred 356 years ago, it is too late now to remedy the grievance. All that can be done is to maintain the parties in status quo.’

He went on to observe: ‘This chabootra is said to indicate the birthplace of Ram Chander… A wall pierced here and there with a railing hides the platform of the masjid from the enclosure in which stands the chabootra.’

When did the issue flare up again?

The District Gazetteer of 1905 confirmed that both Hindus and Muslims were offering prayers in the same building until 1855.

‘Since the mutiny of 1857, an outer enclosure has been put up in front of the mosque and the Hindus, who are forbidden access to the inner yard, make their offerings on a platform (chabootra) which they have raised in the outer one.’

Nothing significant was reported over the next 48 years until 1934, when a communal flare-up over the slaughter of a cow in a neighbouring village provoked an attack on the Babri Masjid.

Why was the idol not removed thereafter?

No one dared to move it, despite a directive to do so from then prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru to then Uttar Pradesh chief minister Gobind Ballabh Pant.

Then district magistrate K K K Nayyar expressed his inability to get the idol removed; he said he would prefer to be relieved of the charge rather than carry out the orders.

How did the Muslim community respond?

The ownership of the land, though, remained disputed as another local Hindu congregation, the Nirmohi Akhara, also staked its claim over it.

The following year, five Muslims from Ayodhya led by Mohammad Hashim moved a petition before the high court, seeking a vacation of the injunction.

In 1955, a division bench of the Allahabad high court ruled that the status quo needed to be maintained, but expressed the need for a final decision to be taken within six months, ‘in view of the seriousness of the matter.’ But nothing happened.

Six years later, in 1961, Mohammad Hashim filed another suit pleading for restoration of the property to the Muslims.

By 1964, the peripheral cases were settled and a date was fixed for the final hearing of this case.

To this end, a new receiver was appointed in 1968. However, his role became redundant as yet another appeal was filed before the Allahabad high court in 1971.

When did the Vishwa Hindu Parishad come in to the picture?

The 1971 case was not taken up until 1983, when the VHP launched its temple movement in a big way.

Even as the tempo of the temple movement increased, then Faizabad district judge K M Pandey ordered the gates of the disputed site to be unlocked late in the afternoon of February 1, 1986.

This was done on an application moved by local lawyer U C Pandey, who sought permission to offer prayers.

Simultaneously, VHP leaders S N Katju, Deoki Nandan Agarwal, both of whom were former Allahabad high court judges, and Shirish Chandra Dikshit, former UP director general of police, met the district magistrate, seeking permission for Lord Ram’s darshan.

Judge Pandey observed, ‘After having heard the parties, it is clear that the members of the other community, namely the Muslims, are not going to be affected by any stretch of imagination if the locks of the gates were opened and idols inside the premises are allowed to be seen and worshipped by the pilgrims and devotees.’

He also added that the ‘heavens will not fall if the locks of the gates are removed.’ But that did not hold true; the order sparked off communal clashes.

Following this, the Sunni Waqf Board and the Babri Masjid Action Committee moved the Allahabad high court against the district judge’s order.

The shilanyas in 1989 further aggravated the issue. The police firing ordered by then Uttar Pradesh chief minister Mulayam Singh Yadav’s government on the kar sevaks in 1990 polarised Hindu votes in favour of the Bharatiya Janata Party and brought Kalyan Singh to power in 1991.

Kalyan Singh ordered the acquisition of 2.75 acres of land around the mosque in a bid to show his party’s seriousness towards building the temple.

Meanwhile, Delhi-based Aslam Bhure moved the Supreme Court against the acquisition of land.

But the apex court transferred the case to the Lucknow bench, with the directive that the status quo be maintained until the high court decided on the five writs that were, by then, pending there.

When was the Babri Masjid brought down?

All hell broke loose on December 6, 1992 in Ayodhya, with violent Hindu mobs storming the 16th century mosque built by the first Mughal emperor Babur’s army commander Mir Baqi.

Even as security personnel stood by that fateful day. the mosque was torn down by kar sevaks even as the top BJP leadership — including L K Advani — watched.

Advani later expressed sorrow at the demolition — but it was clear to all that the forces unleashed by his rath yatra in favour of the temple in 1990 would be satisfied with nothing else.

Who were the leaders charge-sheeted in the Babri Masjid demolition case?

Among those charge-sheeted were leaders from the BJP, VHP, Shiv Sena and Bajrang Dal. Prominent among them were L K Advani, Dr Murli Manohar Joshi, Uma Bharti and Shiv Sena leader Bal Thackeray.

The M S Liberhan Commision probes the demolition

The commission was set up 10 days after the demolition and took 17 years and 48 extensions before it submitted the report on June 30, 2009.

Negating the theory handed out by Hindu groups that the Babri Masjid demolition was mob-driven, the Liberhan Commission said it had been ‘established beyond doubt’ that the events of December 6, 1992, in Ayodhya were ‘neither spontaneous nor unplanned.’

The Commission blamed the entire temple construction movement on the Sangh Parivar.

A former high court judge, Justice Liberhan called former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Advani and Dr Joshi ‘pseudo-moderates’ and condemned them for their role in the demolition.

‘It stands established beyond doubt that the events of the day were neither spontaneous nor unplanned nor an unforeseen overflowing of the people’s emotion, nor the result of a foreign conspiracy as some overly imaginative people have tried to suggest,’ the 1,029-page report saiid.

Please find here links to information about clinical investigators who have and/or are participating in clinical trials of pharmaceutical products as well as regulatory correspondence and restrictions resulting from noncompliance observed during bioresearch monitoring (BIMO) inspections.

Regulatory Activities

Clinical Investigator List

The Clinical Investigator Inspection List, maintained by the Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, contains names, addresses, and other information gathered from inspections of clinical investigators who have conducted studies with investigational new drugs or investigational devices reviewed by CBER. These inspections were conducted as part of the Food and Drug Administration’s Bioresearch Monitoring Program. This list contains information on inspections that were closed after 1989.

The information has been abstracted from FDA Forms 1571 and 1572 and other pertinent documents contained in IND submissions (e.g., C.V.s, cover letters, investigator lists, etc.). Please note that this file contains a separate entry for each time an investigator, CRO or IRB is identified in a new submission. For example, if an investigator is named in 10 INDs, his/her name will appear 10 times in this file.

The Clinical Inspection List, maintained by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, contains the names, addresses and other information obtained during FDA inspections of clinical investigators who have performed studies with human investigational drugs. The list contains information on investigators inspected since July 1977 whose files have been closed with a final classification.

A Warning Letter is an informal advisory to a firm communicating the Agency’s position on a matter but does not commit FDA to taking enforcement action. The Agency’s policy is that a Warning Letter should be issued for violations which are of regulatory significance in that failure to adequately and promptly take corrections may be expected to result in enforcement action should the violation(s) continue.

Formula One racing’s governing body, the FIA, has released the calendar for the 2011 world championship. The addition of the Indian Grand Prix makes for a 20-race season – one more round than in 2010 and the longest in Formula One history.

The Bahrain Grand Prix will kick off proceedings on March 13, followed by the Australian, Malaysian and Chinese rounds, before the championship heads to Europe. The inaugural Indian event will take place towards the end of the year on October 30, with the season drawing to a close in Brazil on November 27.

Whilst the 2010 calendar features three back-to-back races, the 2011 season will have four, with the Malaysia/China, Spain/Monaco, Germany/Hungary and Japan/Korea events all taking place on consecutive weekends.