@etheoma I'm busy with other stuff and probably won't touch AA unless new KSP patch breaks something. You can set AoA limit to desired value and pitch up to it FBW mode. Keep in mind the limit is considered strating from some non-zero dynamic pressure, moderation turns off in upper atmosphere.
Imprecise, but it's not like there is any foundation behind the exact number you would enter in that text field you mention.

AFAIK AFBW dlls are actually different for NT and POSIX, at least I remember some ifdef-alike structures in source code. And my dll was built on Windows. You probably should try to rebuild one from taninwa's master, or poke him.

1). Object's getComponents can take base type and will return instances of derived types, so typeof(MonoBehaviour) or typeof(Component) should return all sorts of stuff.
2). By reading the docs of components I've found \ googling similar questions, if the class in question is stock and not developed by Squad. If it is, reversing is the fastest way to learn how to use it.
3). Unity scripting docs. https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/ScriptingImportantClasses.html
https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/GameObject.html
etc.. Or create your own.
For your case, I think you can try to assign new sprite to an image, by creating it from the texture (your second code snippet, assing sprite itself instead of it's texture): https://docs.unity3d.com/460/Documentation/ScriptReference/Sprite.Create.html
but i'm not an expert in Unity's UI.

@Kobymaru I think changing the version on http://ksp-avc.cybutek.net/ should be enough, wich I just did. Not sure about actual local file, it may or may not be irrelevant. Even after PR, I'm too lazy to publish it in three places just for one changed number in text file.

I believe there's no general way to know the mod name of a part ingame. It's very easy to do from your OS though - remember the name of the part and then go to Gamedata and use text search tool, specific to your OS. grep for GNU, findstr for windows ( findstr /sinp /c:"ModdedPartName" C:\Games\KSP\Gamedata* ). It should show you the files that define this part, and the location of those files gives you the mod.

Enter "Unity3d" in google. First sentence I see, quote: "Unity is the ultimate game development platform. Use Unity to build high-quality 3D and 2D games, deploy them across mobile, desktop, VR/AR, consoles or the..."
I expect much more from an ultimate platform for high-quality games.

They depend on part-sun orientation\relative position, wich requires said position. Unity does not allow to qeury and modify it's objects from threads other than main, wich forces the programmer to reinvent the wheel and move most of the game state to C# runtime. And the reason for that is very simple - crap engine.