1.5 Treaty of Versaille

It was hoped that it would bring reform at hope and spread democracy abroad, US administration propaganda by 'rallying the nation behind his (Wilson) crusade for a new and finer world order, propaganda was targeted towards immigrants fear of loyalty

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What were the arguments against America entering WW1?

It was seen as a capitalist war, immoral and would lead to intolerance not reform

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How many people were arrested under sedition laws?

1,500

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What happened in the case of Eugene Debs?

He was imprisoned for 10 years for discussing the economic causes of the war and was only released in 1912

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What were Wilson's 14 points?

Wilson's summarised war aims and what he hoped would form peace treaties after WW1

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What was Wilson's most important of his 14 points and why?

The League of Nations because if all nations were involved in this organisation there would be no need for forming alliances to protect themselves

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What was the balance of power replaced by in the League of Nations?

Collective security - no one would start war as they would have to take on the whole league

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When was the Treaty of Versaille and which nations were present?

January 1919, Britain, France, Italy and America

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What was Wilson's aim going into the Treaty of Versaille?

He wanted make the world democratic, nations work together and governed by international laws, not just end the war. 'ask nothing for ourselves'

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Why was Wilson criticised for going to Europe?

He was a bad negotiator and didn't understand the Allies position, had no Republicans in his team and so lost touch at home

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Why did Wilson lose the 1918 mid terms?

Because he spent 4 months in Europe doing the Treaty of Versaille and lost touch at home

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Why did Britain and France disagree with America's peace treaty aims?

They wanted Germany to pay for the war and to extend their own power

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Which part of the Treaty did Germany hate most?

The war guilt clause - which blamed Germany and allies for the war and justified them paying reparations, this anger made the new German Republic weak

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Why was the democracy Wilson fought for under threat?

There was a fear of the spread of communism through revolutions in Russia and Bolsheviks and failed revolutions in Hungary and Germany

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What did 39 senators sign in March 1919?

Round Robin Resolution, warning that they wouldn't ratify the treaty as it went against the Monroe Doctrine

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What would the League of Nations have done if one nation caused war?

It would enforce economic, trade and military sanctions and use collective security

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What did the Irreconcilables believe in and what are some examples?

Didn't want the US in LoN, didn't want to be tied up in the policies of other nations, League was too idealistic and weakened Monroe Doctrine (Borah and La Follette)

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What did the Reservationists believe in and what is an example?

They were afraid the LoN would weaken the position of the US + oppose promise of article 10, would sign if Congress could control which conflicts the US would intervene in, would sign if changes made (Lodge)

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What was the main reason why the treaty failed?

Wilson proved unable + unwilling to compromise and refused to accept any changes to the treaty.

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What did Wilson do to promote the League of Nations but what ruined his campaign?

Did 800 miles in 2 days across the US for support, suffered a stroke in October 1919 which weakened him severely

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When was the treaty rejected and what did this lead to?

March 1920, the Republicans winning the 1920 election with a large majority, they signed the Treaty of Versaille without the clause on the League of Nations