Types

PROSTATE CANCER

Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer cells develop in the prostate gland. The cancer cells divide without control or order and form a mass called tumor.

How does my doctor know for sure that I have prostate cancer?

Doctor use 2 tests to screen for prostate cancer- a PSA (Prostate-Specific-Antigen) blood test and DRA (Digital Rectal Exam). If both or either these tests are not normal, the doctor may then perform a biopsy. Only a biopsy can confirm the presence of a prostate cancer.

PSA

It is a protein made by prostate cells. Elevated levels can suggest prostate cancer.

PSA Levels

Under 4

Normal*

4 to 10

Border line risk for prostate cancer

Over 10

Higher risk for prostate cancer

*Normal PSA values vary by age and race

Digital Rectal Exam

During this exam, the doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any hard or lumpy areas that could be a sign of cancer.

Biopsy

Usually guided by ultrasound. The doctor quickly inserts needles into different areas of the prostate to remove small samples of tissue. The prostate tissue samples are viewed under a microscope to see if cancer cells are present.

What now?

If your biopsy results are positive for prostate cancer, your doctor will order more tests and use the results to describe the stage, or extent, of your cancer. Then, your doctor will discuss treatment options with you. Options may include ‘watchful waiting’ (not treating the cancer and monitoring it closely), surgery, radiation, hormonal therapy or chemotherapy.