Make these sentences passive.Example Germany has exported thousands of carsto Asia.Thousands of cars have been exportedto Asia from Germany.

1 They have made hundreds of employees redundantin local government.Hundreds of employees _____________________ .

2 Do you know if they have completed the tunnelyet?Do you know if the tunnel ___________________ ?3 The people of the region have chosen a new mayor.A new mayor ______________________________ .4 They have made huge improvements in thedevelopment of drugs.Huge improvements ________________________ .5 Teenagers in Europe have voted Michael Jacksonas one of the best singers of the year.Michael Jackson ___________________________ .6 Can you tell me if they have delivered my parcelyet?Can you tell me if my parcel ________________?

4 Circle the correct form of the verb.Example I wanted to speak /speaking/speak toyou yesterday.

1 They enjoyed be/being/to be on holiday by the sea.2 The weather was awful. It didnt stop raining/to rain/rain all week.3 We hope arriving/to arrive/arrive by half pastseven.4 My sister has agreed help/helping/to help with thedecorating.5 She loves to work/work/working for herself.6 Please let me to pay/pay/paying for the drinks.7 My health wasnt very good so I stopped smoking/to smoke/smoke.8 We chose travelling/travel/to travel by boat ratherthan by plane.9 The food was awful. It made me feeling/feel/to feelill.10 They managed save/saving/to save enough to buy acar.

5 Complete the sentences using the verb in brackets +somebody + to + infinitive.

Example Please get some stamps, she said to him.(ask)She asked him to get some stamps.1 Would you like to go to a party? Helen said toAnn. (invite)Helen ____________________________________ .2 You should go to the doctors, my friend said tome. (advise)My friend _________________________________ .3 Dont forget to pay the phone bill, he said to her.(remind)He _______________________________________ .4 Turn the TV down! my Dad shouted to us. (tell)My Dad __________________________________ .5 Be careful not to sunbathe for too long, Jamessaid to Chris. (warn)James ____________________________________ .6 Id rather you didnt smoke in the house, she saidto them. (would prefer)She ______________________________________ .

6 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (-ing orto + infinitive).Example Weve finished decorating (decorate) thehouse.1 I cant stand __________ (work) in an office.2 We expect you __________ (arrive) on time.3 It was a wonderful holiday. I will always remember__________ (see) Niagara Falls.4 I would hate __________ (miss) your party.5 They cant promise __________ (finish) the worktoday.6 He hates __________ (use) computers.7 Im really looking forward to __________ (start)my new course.8 They cant help us __________ (move) house.9 She refused __________ (answer) the phone.

7 Write indirect questions or statements.Example What time is it?Could you tell me what time it is?1 Whos that girl over there?I wonder __________________________________ .2 Have you had any experience of working withchildren?Id like to know_____________________________ .3 Wheres the directors office?Do you happen to know _____________________ ?4 What day is the meeting on?I cant remember ___________________________ .5 Does she still work in marketing?Im not sure _______________________________ .6 Did you feel satisfied with the service?Can you tell me ____________________________ ?7 How far is it from Manchester to Birmingham?Ive no idea ________________________________ .8 Should we wear formal or casual clothes for theparty?Ive no idea ________________________________ .9 Have you ever applied to this company before?Would you mind telling me___________________ ?10 What time does the next train leave?Have you any idea __________________________ ?

8 Report the questions and statements.Example Have you got a ticket for the concert?they asked.They asked me if I had a ticket for theconcert.1 Will you be able to play in the team? he asked.He asked _________________________________ .2 What do you think of the new art gallery? sheasked them.She asked them ____________________________ .3 We must leave early tomorrow, they told us.They told us _______________________________ .4 Ive been travelling a lot for my work, she said.She said __________________________________ .5 I may look for a new flat in a couple of months,he told me.He told me ________________________________ .6 We didnt enjoy the holiday very much, they said.They said _________________________________ .

9 Report the following statements and questions.Examples Im not feeling very well, he said.He said that he wasnt feeling very well.Do you know Mr Anderson? she asked.She asked if I knew Mr Anderson.1 Do you want to go for a drink? they asked.They asked ________________________________ .2 Weve decided to get married, they told theirparents.They told their parents ______________________ .3 How many times have you been to the UnitedStates? she asked me.She asked me ______________________________ .4 I wont be able to leave until seven oclock, he toldme.He told me ________________________________ .5 I cant swim very well, she said.She said __________________________________ .6 We took a taxi to the station, they told me.They told me ______________________________ .7 Our luggage has been damaged, they said.They said _________________________________ .8 Are you going to school tomorrow? he asked me.He asked me ______________________________ .9 We may stay until the weekend, they said.They said _________________________________ .10 Where have you been living? they asked.They asked ________________________________

10 Change the sentences into indirect speech using thereporting verbs in the box. Use each word once.

tell refuse remind offer advise agree inviteorder beg promise warnExampleTidy your bedroom! Chris said to the children.Chris told the children to tidy their bedroom.1 I think you ought to see the doctor, Jo said to me.Jo _______________________________________ .2 Dont play with matches or youll burn yourself,Sally said to her son.Sally _____________________________________ .3 Shall we invite the neighbours to the party? Johnasked me. Yes, OK, I said.I ________________________________________ .4 Please, please, please help me! Im desperate! theman said to us.The man __________________________________ .5 Dont worry! You can rely on me  Ill sort out theproblem, Jane said.Jane _____________________________________ .6 Dont forget to call the dentists! I said to him.I ________________________________________ .7 Ill carry your case for you, my son said.My son ___________________________________ .8 Shut up and sit down! the soldier said to them.The soldier ________________________________ .9 I wont speak to him! she said.She ______________________________________ .10 Would you like to go for a drink? they said to us.They _____________________________________ .

11. Complete the sentences using must, cant, could, ormight. Sometimes more than one modal verb is possible.Example Im not sure if hes a singer or a musician.He might be a singer or a musician. ORHe could be a singer or a musician.1 Were absolutely sure theyve got our money.They _____________________________________ .2 Perhaps shell arrive this afternoon.She ______________________________________ .3 Its impossible that they are brother and sister.They _____________________________________ .4 Im not sure if hes Spanish or Italian.He _______________________________________ .5 I cant believe that hes the new manager.He _______________________________________ .6 Im certain that shes in the office.She ______________________________________ .7 Perhaps the bag belongs to Helen.The bag __________________________________ .8 Im convinced that its his fault.It ________________________________________

12 Respond to the statements or questions using the wordsin brackets.Example Its snowing and you arent wearing ajacket. (must, very)You must be very cold!1 All the lights are off and no one is answering thedoor. (cant, at home)__________________________________________ .2 He looks like her and hes too young to be herhusband. (must, son)__________________________________________ .3 I dont know where the cat is. (could, under the bed)__________________________________________ .4 Whose car is that outside our house? (might,neighbours)__________________________________________ .5 I can hear Louise playing the violin. (must, practisefor her exam)__________________________________________ .86 Theyre only in their fifties but neither of themwork. (cant, retired)__________________________________________ .7 Weve got a letter with the postmark Edinburgh.Who do you think its from? (could, William)__________________________________________ .8 Ive tried phoning the office several times buttheres no answer. (might, have lunch)__________________________________________ .

13 Respond to the statements or questions using the wordsin brackets.Example She didnt reply to my letter. (cant,receive)She cant have received it.1 Why arent they speaking to each other? (might,have an argument)__________________________________________ .2 I have just seen a bank robbery. (must, befrightened)__________________________________________ .163 I dont want my dinner. (cant, finish already)__________________________________________ .4 She walked straight past me without saying hello.(cant, see)__________________________________________ .5 The team lost 50. (must, play badly)__________________________________________ .6 Theyve bought two new cars and a boat in the lastmonth. (could, win the lottery)__________________________________________ .7 They came back from holiday three days early.(might, have bad weather)__________________________________________ .8 Wheres my calculator? (could, leave it at school)_________________________________________

Example Im leaving in July.1 She started acting __________ the age of twelve.2 Its been raining __________ early this morning.3 They got divorced __________ they were livingabroad.4 I saw them __________ last Sunday.5 Im tired. Weve been walking __________ hours.6 She left the house hours __________ .7 Shall we meet __________ half past nine?8 We all had a wonderful time __________ theirwedding day.9 I felt really sick __________ the flight toNew York.10 My parents were born __________ the 1930s.

16 Complete the sentences with a multi-word verb from thebox. Put a pronoun in the correct place wherenecessary.look after give up run out of get over look uppick up turn on not take off bring upExample My mother worked when I was young somy aunt looked after me.

1 Can you go to the supermarket because we____________________ bread?2 I was worried about learning Spanish but I____________________ really quickly.3 I __________ just __________ his number in thephone book but I cant find it.4 Were going to be late because the plane____________________ yet.5 My favourite programme is on TV. Can you____________________ ?6 My parents travelled a lot so my sister__________ me __________ .7 He must be very strong. He __________ already__________ his accident.8 I didnt really enjoy learning French so I____________________ .

17 Complete the sentences with the correct form of thephrasal verbs from the box. Some of the verbs are in thepassive. Not all the verbs are used.

put on / take off / take after / take out / put offtake back /put out / put away / put downput up with take over

Example She puts on make-up twice a day.

1 My new computer didnt work so I ____ it ____ tothe shop.2 My memory is hopeless. I have to ____ everything____ in my diary.3 Theyre worried about their jobs. Their company____________________ next month.4 I wont ____________________ any rudeness fromthe children.5 Start your homework now! __________ it ____until later!6 Theres no danger now as the fire____________________ .7 After a lot of financial difficulty, her businesssuddenly __________ last year.8 You should help me tidy up the house. Im fed upwith __________ everything ____ myself.

18 Complete the sentences with the correct form of thewords in brackets.Example I hit my head and I dont know how longI lay on the floor unconsciousandhelpless. (conscious, help)

1 My friend told lies about me  I was shocked at her__________ and __________ . (kind, loyal)2 The boys broke into an old, __________ factoryand caused __________ damage. (use, measure)3 The two main qualities I need are __________ and__________ . (mature, reliable)4 Thanks to extra teachers and money, thegovernments campaign against __________ hasbeen __________ . (literate, success)5 I complained to the manager because the staff were__________ and __________ . (polite, help)

19 Read the text. Mark the statements true (T) orfalse (F).YOU ASK WE ANSWER!Q WHY DO WOMEN LIVE LONGER THAN MEN?A Women generally live six years longer than men.Evidence suggests that boys are the weaker sexat birth, which means that more die in infancy.Also women do not have as much heart diseaseas men. In terms of lifestyle, men smoke morethan women and thus more die of smokingrelateddiseases. They also drink more and aregenerally more aggressive in behaviour,particularly when driving cars, so they are morelikely to die in accidents. Also, they generallyhave more dangerous occupations, such asbuilding work.Historically, women died in childbirth and men inwars. Hence nuns and philosophers often lived togreat ages. Now, childbearing is less risky andthere are fewer wars. The country with thehighest life expectancy is Japan, where theaverage age for men is 76 and for women 82.

1 More boys die as babies or small childrenthan girls. ____2 Women suffer more from heart disease andsmoking-related diseases than men. ____3 Men have more car accidents whendriving drunk. ____4 Nuns used to live for a long time becausethey didnt have children. ____5 Nowadays having children is less dangerousto womens health than it used to be. ____6 The difference in average life expectancyof women compared with men is greaterin Japan than in other countries.

1 You should have told me about theproblem.2 We wish you wouldnt speak to us likethat.3 Id rather you hadnt told her.4 I should have helped them.5 If only we could have got to thehospital.6 Wed rather have spoken to the manager.7 If only Id paid the fine on time.8 I wish I hadnt spent so much thismonth.

KEY 3

1 Hundreds of employees have been maderedundant in local government.2 Do you know if the tunnel has beencompleted yet?3 A new mayor has been chosen by thepeople of the region.4 Huge improvements have been made in thedevelopment of drugs.5 Michael Jackson has been voted (as) one ofthe best singers of the year by teenagers inEurope.6 Can you tell me if my parcel has beendelivered yet?

KEY 4

1. being 2. raining 3. to arrive 4. to help 5. working

6.pay 7. smoking 8. to travel 9. feel 10. to save

KEY 5

1. Helen invited Ann to go to a party.

2. My friend advised me to go to the doctor's.

3. He reminded her to pay the phone bill.

4. My dad told us to turn the TV down.

5. James warned Chris not to sunbathe for too long.

6. She would prefer them not to smoke in the house.

KEY 6

1. working 2. to arrive 3. seeing 4. to miss 5. to finish 6. using

7. starting 8. to move 9. to answer 10. driving 11. to set up 12. to stay up

KEY 7

1 I wonder who that girl is over there.2 Id like to know if/whether you have hadany experience of working with children.3 Do you happen to know where thedirectors office is?4 I cant remember what day the meeting ison.5 Im not sure if/whether she still works inmarketing.6 Can you tell me if/whether you felt satisfiedwith the service?7 Ive no idea how far it is fromManchester to Birmingham.8 Ive no idea if/whether we should wearformal or casual clothes for the party.9 Would you mind telling me if/whetheryou have ever applied to this companybefore?10 Have you any idea what time the nexttrain leaves?

KEY 8

1 He asked me if/whether I would be ableto play in the team.2 She asked them what they thought ofthe new art gallery.3 They told us they had to leave early thenext day.4 She said she had been travelling a lot forher work.5 He told me he might look for a new flatin a couple of months.6 They said they hadnt enjoyed theholiday very much.

KEY 9

1 They asked if I wanted to go for a drink.2 They told their parents they had decidedto get married.3 She asked me how many times I hadbeen to the United States.4 He told me he wouldnt be able to leaveuntil seven oclock.5 She said she couldnt swim very well.6 They told me they had taken a taxi tothe station.7 They said their luggage had beendamaged.8 He asked me if I was going to schooltomorrow.9 They said they might stay until theweekend.10 They asked where I had been living.

KEY 101 Jo advised me to see the doctor.2 Sally warned her son not to play withmatches.3 I agreed to invite the neighbours to theparty.4 The man begged us to help him.5 Jane promised to sort out the problem.6 I reminded him to call the dentists.7 My son offered to carry my case.8 The soldier ordered them to shut up andsit down.9 She refused to speak to him.10 They invited us to go for a drink.

KEY 11-12-13

1 They must have our money.2 She might/could arrive this afternoon.3 They cant be brother and sister.4 He might/could be Spanish or Italian.5 He cant be the new manager.6 She must be in the office.7 The bag might/could belong to Helen.8 It must be his fault.

1 They cant be at home.2 He must be her son.3 It could be under the bed.4 It might be the neighbours.5 She must be practising for her exam.6 They cant be retired.7 It could be from William.8 They might be having lunch.

1 They might have had an argument.2 You must have been frightened.3 You cant have finished already.4 She cant have seen you.5 They must have played badly.6 They could have won the lottery.7 They might have had bad weather.8 You could have left it at school.

KEY 14

1. at 2. since 3. while 4. -- 5. for 6. ago 7. at 8. on 9. during 10. in

Key 15

1. lazy 2. unreliable 3. shy / reserved 4. easy-going / happy

5. impatient 6. insensistive 7. unambitious 8. optimistic

KEY 16

1 have run out of2 picked it up3 have just looked up4 hasnt taken off5 turn it on6 brought me up7 has already got over8 gave (it) up

KEY 17

1 took it back2 put everything down3 is being taken over4 put up with5 Dont put it off6 has been put out7 took off8 putting everything away