C. A woman with a history of previous postpartum depression has 50% risk of PD in her next pregnancy.

D. For women with history of Major Depressive disorder, the risk of MDD relapse is much less during postpartum period

E. Increased risk factor exposure to adversity significantly increased the odds of depression in children over and above the influence of maternal depression.

2. Which of the following is a true statement?

A. Adoptive mothers are found to have more depressive symptoms after adoption.

B. Treatment of parental depression is associated with reductions in children’s symptoms of emotional, behavioral problems and psychiatric diagnoses.

C. Depressed fathers have very similar symptoms to depressed mothers.

D. Infants who are born to depressed caregivers can be as healthy as other infants if their caregiver gets better after a year.

E. Adolescents are less likely to be negatively affected by their depressed mothers due to their development phase of independence.

3. When considering management of caregiver depression, all of the following are true, EXCEPT:

A. The best evidence based treatment for depression in adults is a combination of antidepressant treatment and psychotherapy.

B. The pediatric provider can start the caregiver on an antidepressant with follow up in one month.

C. It is very important to discuss the black box warning for young adults prior to prescribing an antidepressant.

D. If a caregiver voices any suicidal ideation, it is important to arrange for an emergent assessment.

E. It is important to educate the caregiver about the negative impact of parental depression on child development.

4. Which of the following have been described in infants of depressed mothers?

A. Prematurity

B. Unpredictable and irritable temperament

C. Reduced ability to learn and act on their environment

D. All of the above

5. Which of the following caregiver behaviors promote healthy cognitive and language development in the newborn?

A. Positive affect

B. Speech directed to the infant

C. Affectionate touch

D. All of the above

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