This past weekend I spoke as part of the Poor People’s Campaign event: The Necessity of Moral Resistance in the Face of Militarism. Reverend William Barber was, of course, the main speaker, and if you are uncertain as to how war and militarism play a role in the demands of the Poor People’s Campaign or in the way war and militarism have always played an oppressive and devastating role in our society, then please listen to Reverend Barber’s sermon as he clearly and definitively explains those two things. My talk, on the effect of war on veterans, is here below, while Reverend Barber’s sermon and the comments from Phyllis Bennis are in the Youtube clip below. Wage Peace.

I did an interview with Scott Horton a couple of weeks back on Afghanistan and then the United States dropped the largest non nuclear bomb ever to be used against life in the history of mankind a couple of days later.

I know the district it was used in. I was close to Achin in 2009, maybe just a couple dozen miles away, but never in that district. Our media, the same media that drones on about Afghanistan repeating the same absurdities about the war, year after year, for 16 years now without self awareness, implies the area was near barren, desert like almost, a warren of just caves and tunnels, but that district is far from being empty of life, far from being devoid of parents and children, sisters and brothers, lovers, aunts and uncles, teachers, neighbors, and all the other sundry living beings that inhabit your own heart, your own soul and your own memories.

Like most of eastern Afghanistan, Achin’s mountain and river valleys are farmed upon and trafficked through, and as many as 100,000 people live in Achin. How many were killed, incinerated, melted and immolated in that super heated air burst from the Mother of All Bombs? We will not know any time soon enough. The US and Afghan governments are not reporting anything other than the typically specious body counts of dead ISIS fighters. Journalists from Reuters who visited the site reported no bodies, but such bodies, the bodily remains left that had not been incinerated by the fire ball created by the blast, would have been collected and buried by surviving local Afghans, or collected and disposed of by American and Afghan troops to hide their murders. That has certainly been done enough times during these wars and previous wars, I’m sure, if necessary, it was done again.

And the notion that the bomb was used against the tunnels? The lies just don’t stop in these wars, or in any wars. You don’t use a bomb that detonates above ground against a tunnel system. You use a weapon that will penetrate through the dirt, that will detonate below the surface to break apart the tunnels and cause them to collapse. Those journalists from Reuters found the tunnels intact, as they would from the MOAB blast, because the MOAB detonates above ground and would have had no effect on a tunnel system, no matter what our government and military says in their lies to us after they kill people. That bomb explodes above the surface, it is meant to kill people who are out in the open, people who are unprotected, and who are vulnerable; its purpose is simple: to punish people. There is no other reason for it. An American soldier was killed not far from there recently. We dropped the largest bomb ever to punish them. That is war. That is who we are as a people. Accept it.

Below is my interview with Scott, where we speak about Afghanistan and where we also speak about the costs of war to those who wage it. Not looking for any pity or sympathy here. The pain I experience is just, I think many of those who share in such guilt and who know the anguish of those in Achin and in all those places around the world, so many places, where the men, women and children cannot scream because of the oxygen snuffing heat, fire and pressure of our bombs, will agree.

More importantly, below that is a letter from my friend Kadir. Kadir fought with the Mujahadin in Afghanistan against the Soviets in the 1980s. He’s since lived in Michigan, but has always fought for his country and his people, has always fought against Afghanistan’s occupation and for Afghanistan’s peace. Below is the heartbreaking text of a letter he wrote after the United States dropped that bomb on the people of Achin. Please read it.

The U.S. has dropped its largest bomb in Achin District, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. This war crime needs to be Independently Investigated and the Perpetrators Prosecuted.

The United States committed a war crime when on Thursday April 13, 2017 it dropped the largest non-nuclear weapon ever, the GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb (“MOAB”), an indiscriminate killer, onto the Pashtun/Afghans of the Achin District of Nangarhar Province in Afghanistan. Approximately 100,000 Pashtun/Afghan civilians live in that “so-called” remote District. Many villages such as the Village of Assad Kheiloand the Village of Mohmandzai were at or near the allegedISIS/ mercenaries’ target. With a surface blast radius of a couple of miles wide, the world cannot see the civilian carnage, the Pashtun/Afghan innocent civilians’ bodies or crying babies’ faces, who were vaporized or blown into miniscule pieces when they were unlawfully killed by this indiscriminate, monstrous bomb, ordered and unleashed by Trump and his military war mongers, who want to kill the Pashtun villagers, who are in the middle of this war between the CIA ISIS mercenaries to control the heroin trafficking in that region. Who will be the voice of these unknown Pashtun/Afghan civilians, who today had the “shit” blown out of them by Trump? Sadly, it will be hard to find any evidence or trace of their human bodies or existence as Trump made sure of that fact.

The United States’ use and testing of this massive ordnance air blast weapon (MOAB) on the Achin District violated and was contrary to the rules of international law which are applicable in armed conflicts. Even if an area contained military objectives, the 1977, Protocol 1 Amendment to the Geneva Conventions, prohibits an indiscriminate attack on civilians, which occurred Thursday on the people of the Achin District. Article 50 of the Geneva Conventions provides in part that “the presence within the civilian population of individuals who do not come within the definition of civilians does not deprive the population of its civilian character.” Even though Trump and his war mongering generals allege that there were ISIS/mercenaries in alleged caves or tunnels in the Achin District, it does not deprive the population of approximately 100,000 in the Achin District of its civilian character. Article 51 of the Geneva Conventions prohibits indiscriminate attacks on civilian populations. The United States’ dropping of this monstrous 21,000 pound bomb onto the Achin District was a prohibited indiscriminate attack or must be considered an indiscriminate attack. The United States employed a means and weapon of combat the effects of which could not be limited to any alleged military target, any alleged tunnel or cave. This 21,000 pound MOAB weapon had a surface blast and not a penetrating effect. It had a blast radius of miles. If the alleged military target was tunnels or caves then why was a weapon with a carpet bombing, surface blast used instead of a penetrating, underground bunker buster bomb. This MOAB, which caused a surface blast with more than a two mile radius, was not limited to any alleged military target it was an indiscriminate attack, which was intended to cause superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering by the Pashtun/Afghan civilians. In addition, it must be considered indiscriminate as it was an attack on the Achin District with a monstrous, never-before used, air blast bomb which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.

Why did Trump and his war mongering generals drop this indiscriminate killer, the MOAB, onto the civilian populated Achin District Thursday, April 13, 2017? It is not a weapon the U.S. just produced this past week. It was developed a few years ago. Is it just a coincidence that last week a U.S. Green Beret was killed in that area and about a week later the U.S. drops this monstrous bomb onto that area?Based on the timing and Trump’s bizarre, impulsive and retaliatory behavior, one would doubt it. The characterization of it as a reprisal appears highly likely to a reasonable person. The U.S., led by Trump and his war mongering generals at the helm, sought to punish the Pashtun/Afghans in the Achin District for the very recent killing of the U.S. Green Beret. Reprisal is a prohibited conduct under Article 51 of the Geneva Conventions. If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it more than likely is a duck. If it looks like reprisal and sounds like reprisal, it more than likely is the prohibited, unlawful reprisal.

The Pashtun/Afghan civilians are human beings with human rights protected by international human right laws. The United States violated the human rights laws and did not treat the Pashtun/Afghans of the Achin District as “humans” when it dropped its indiscriminate killer, the MOAB, on that District.

It is shameful that the United States committed such a war crime. In the next few days the world will discover evidence that Pashtun/Afghan civilians were killed by this indiscriminate killer, the MOAB. Pashtun/Afghan lives matter. Every single life matters. A thorough independent investigation of this war crime must be conducted as soon as possible. Those responsible for the war crime must be prosecuted in lawful tribunals. Afghans have suffered enough these past four decades. This bombing with this monstrous weapon is the last straw, which should wake up the Pashtun, the largest native tribe in the world, to seek justice through lawful actions in tribunals and through peaceful and lawful actions to end this occupation of and war by the United States in Afghanistan.

Pashtun/Afghan civilian victims of this unlawful, horrendous, barbaric bombing you are not forgotten and good humans with compassion and peace in their hearts will seek justice for you in lawful and peaceful means.

Kadir A. Mohmand

One Afghan American with One Pen to Condemn such War Crimes, Tears on his Face, and Peace in His Heart

Following the news the US would be expanding airstrikes in Afghanistan I was interviewed by Charles Davis of Telesur. Charles’ article, which puts my comments into excellent context can be found here, while my full answers to Charles’ questions are below.

Are airstrikes likely to have a tangible impact?

-The renewed airstrikes against the Taliban in Afghanistan will have the same effect as the thousands and thousands of previous airstrikes we have conducted against the Afghan insurgency. American airstrikes will make for triumphant press releases from the US military in Kabul, and it will kill many Taliban fighters, and also many civilians, but, strategically and long term, the airstrikes will not significantly weaken the Taliban, and, very likely, may strengthen them by providing more public support due to the civilian casualties the air strikes will cause. Under General Petraeus, starting in 2010, the US initiated scores of airstrikes, as well as dozens of nighttime commando raids, daily against Afghan insurgent targets. Many of these strikes hit legitimate targets, but many more of them hit civilians. The surge in the increase of public support for the Taliban in the areas of the air and commando strikes is undeniable. Similarly, this surge in American attacks only saw an increase in Taliban attacks. Rather than weakening the Taliban, the Taliban’s ability to fight, judged by nearly all indicators (number of Americans killed and wounded, number of assassinations, number of IEDs, etc) increased, year by year. There should be no doubt as to the effectiveness of American air power against the Afghan insurgency in the achievement of strategic and political goals in Afghanistan: at best there is no evidence the air strikes had a positive strategic effect pursuant to American goals, except to provide political cover for the American withdrawal; and at worst the evidence is that the airstrikes were entirely counter-productive. In Afghanistan, during our nearly 15 year occupation, there has been no reliable, non-corrupt, non-predatory, local Afghan forces that have been able to hold ground against the Afghan insurgency, let alone claim the support of the Afghan population, primarily Pashtun, in the East and South of Afghanistan. Without a militarily capable and locally endorsed Afghan ground force, no amount of American air power will be successful.

In concert with local proxy forces they appear to be helping reduce ISIS’s hold on land in Iraq and Syria… does that mean they could work against the Taliban?

-In Iraq and Syria US airstrikes have had a role in pushing back the Islamic State and its allied Sunni fighters, but the overwhelming reason for this has been increased success by sectarian forces, Kurdish in Syria and Shia in Iraq, on the ground against the Sunni forces. It is very important to realize the sectarian nature of this conflict and to note that all sides are committing atrocities, as noted by the UN, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International. Those atrocities, in turn, motivate continued sectarian conflict and provide an existential reason for Sunnis, Kurds and Shia to support their respective sides. You’ll note that in the cities in Iraq from where the Islamic State has been forced to retreat from, Ramadi and Tikrit particularly, the cities have been massively destroyed, widely looted and are mostly empty of their previous Sunni residents due to the occupation of the Shia militias. The Shia militias are the primary reason for the success of the counter-offensive against the Islamic State, as the Iraqi Army is still very corrupt and ineffective. American air strikes in Iraq and Syria are a supporting mechanism only and on their own cannot push the Islamic State from the (Sunni) territory they hold.

Is this a slippery slope that will lead to US troops eventually returning to a combat role?

-In terms of US troops going into full scale ground conflict in either Iraq or Syria, I don’t believe it will occur for any military reason, but rather will occur for a political reason such as the American president making a “red line” statement or due to an atrocity, both of which were the reasons offered by the Obama Administration to enter into the Syrian civil war in 2013 (in a manner that would have placed American forces in a position where their objectives and goals were directly aligned with those of al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and other Sunni jihadist groups). Regardless of the rationale, the reasoning will be political and it will be because the US president feels she or he needs to strengthen their display of American resolve in the Middle East, which would be in line with President Johnson’s decision(s) to escalate the Vietnam War and President Obama’s decision to escalate the war in Afghanistan in 2009. By saying there is no military reason, I mean that no mid- or long-term outcome can come out of American troop involvement in the civil wars in Iraq and Syria other than American boys and girls once again patrolling hostile city and village streets in a country half a world away they do not understand while being under constant guerrilla war attack. I think the biggest impetus on US troop involvement would be in protection of the Kurdish oil and gas fields in northern Iraq, particularly if the planned attack on Mosul, by the Iraqi government, Shia militias and Kurdish forces, fails (if the attack ever happens), and the Kurds, and the large number of American and European energy firms resident in the Kurdish capital of Erbil, feel threatened as they did in 2014.

Does the US even have a strategy?

-The US does not have a strategy in any way that any person who has ever put together a plan of action or strategy for a business, construction project or even a kids’ soccer game would expect. Rather the US is simply reacting to events in Syria and Iraq that failed to meet the hopes and aspirations of politicians and politically inspired planners in Washington DC over the last decade and a half. This really has been and continues to be a foreign and military policy based upon allegiance to neoconservative ideology, whether carried out by a Democratic or Republican administration, and propelled by “hope” that things will fall in line with expectations due to an unwavering belief in American superiority and faith in the righteousness of American supremacy. The US has found its role in both Iraq and Syria by unleashing sectarian conflict in Iraq and Syria and then being disappointed when those sectarian forces have ignited civil wars that cannot be controlled. For example, since 2011, in Iraq the US hoped to use the Shia dominated government to control Sunni discontent and to keep the violence of the Islamic State in check, while in Syria, right across the border, the US hoped to utilize Sunni discontent and the Islamic State’s violence to overthrow the Syrian government.

What is apparent is an American strategy in the Middle East that is astonishingly detached from reality, let alone history, both this and last century’s. The success of such a policy as America’s would require the intervention of a determinist deity, such as Atlas, to hold together the badly fracturing Middle East that had previously been held together, in definition, by America’s massive arms and financial support to despotic monarchies, revolutionary groups, and unquestioned support of Israel. Such a house of cards could never stand.

Last week, as part of Ralph Nader’s four-day conference in Washington, DC, Breaking Through Power, my friend Raed Jarrar, a Palestinian-Iraqi-American, and I gave a talk on the horrors of war. My perspectives of combat, occupation, colonial administration and war time politics, in Afghanistan, Iraq and Washington, were set besides Raed’s experiences of living in Baghdad following the Gulf War, through the years of sanctions, into the American invasion, yes, the glory of Shock and Awe, and for the first year of occupation. Raed left Baghdad in 2004, but returned to Iraq to help rebuild, before becoming a full-time peace and anti-war activist.

The video is below. I want to thank Ralph Nader and the Center for Study of Responsive Law for allowing Raed and I to share how we both came to the same understanding of our lives, our world, our leaders, our people, our wars and the need for peace, from the different ends of a rifle.

Last month I had the privilege of answering an interview from an Iranian research agency dedicated to studying acts of terror carried out against the Iranian people. By their count 17,000 Iranians have been killed in acts of terror over the last 3 1/2 decades. Quite an astounding number, isn’t it? I have no reason to believe this number is inflated or exaggerated, but, even if the real count is only a tenth of the pronounced figure of 17,000, it would still signify a horrendously systematic attack of political violence on a people that, as elections again this past weekend in Iran have displayed, possess a desire for progress, civility, toleration and modernity.

Just as many of us do not embody in our personal lives, beings and souls the worst aspects of our American government, our wars overseas and our mass incarceration at home, so too are the Iranian people not representative of their government’s acts of militarism and repression. I know, I know. Such a trite and cliched thing to say. But then why would so many in the US not know of the thousands killed by terrorism in Iran and why would many Americans say that those dead Iranians and their devastated families deserve it? If not for such a binary and Manichean way of looking at the world, we are good – they are bad, we could understand and communicate with one another better, and then, maybe, as a united and common people we could lead this world to prosperity and health, rather than to war, climate change and poverty.

“…in 2001, al-Qaeda only had about 200 members and the Islamic State did not exist. The United States validated the propaganda and the doctrine of the terrorists with our response to 9/11 and provided many thousands of young men with a rationale for leaving their homes and joining terror groups.”

In an exclusive interview with Habilian Association, Iranian Center for Research on Terrorism, Matthew Hoh has answered the questions about the US military interventions in the Middle East following 9/11 attacks in the name of “fighting against terrorism” and its implications for the people of the region, terrorism developments in the Middle East after 2001, America’s role in the empowerment of terrorist groups in the region, US imperialism around the world, relationships between the Media and government in the US, and Machiavellian view of American leaders to terrorist groups such as MeK. What comes below is the full text of the Habilian Association’s interview with him.

Habilian: At the beginning of the interview, please tell us when you did join the Army? Would you speak about your motives in wearing the Army Uniform?

Hoh: I joined the United States Marine Corps in 1998 for a number of reasons. I was bored with the work I was doing (I was working for publishing company in New York City), I wanted adventure, I wanted to prove myself while serving others, I wanted to be involved in something bigger than I was, and I wanted to take part in history. In short I possessed the motives of many bored and unchallenged young men.

Habilian: Following the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, George W. Bush delivered a speech at joint session of Congress, in which “War on Terror” was declared. In that speech, Bush raised some questions quoted from American peoples, including who attacked the US and why; and how Americans can punish them. Now, after more than 15 years of American interventions in the region that led to death of more than one million civilians, if you, as an American journalist, have an interview with Bush, what questions will you ask him about the war?

Hoh: The first question I would ask President Bush is why he is not remorseful. Does his desire for a positive view of his legacy preclude his ability to empathize with the millions who have suffered because of these wars? Secondly, I would ask him why can he not be humble and admit his policies were wrong and counter-productive. I would not be asking him to say the terror of 9/11 was not horrific and I am not asking him to compare himself with Osama bin Laden or al-Qaeda, but to simply recognize that the wars he launched and the wars that are still ongoing have made the world worse and not better. Two simple truths: the number of dead in the wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Pakistan, Somalia, Libya and other places number well past one million since September 12, 2001. Millions more have been wounded and are refugees from their homes. Those who suffer the horribly debilitating psychiatric and moral effects of the wars number in the tens of millions. And none of those wars are close to ending. The second truth is that, according to the American Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and based upon documents found in Afghanistan in 2001 and 2002, al Qaeda only consisted of approximately two hundred members in 2001. Now the organization has thousands of members in countries across the globe. Of course the Islamic State didn’t even exist in 2001 and only came into existence because of the United States’ invasion of Iraq in 2003. Clearly American policy in the Middle East has failed. I would ask President Bush how he ignores such truths. To be fair, I would ask President Obama the same.

Habilian: In the mentioned speech, George Bush had said that Americans are asking him what is expected of them, then listed his expectations of American people: “to live your lives, and hug your children”, “to uphold the values of America”, “to continue to support the victims of this tragedy with your contributions” and “continued participation and confidence in the American economy”. If we go back to September 20, 2001 and you had an opportunity to speak in Congress and announce your expectations from the government, what would you said?

Hoh: I am not sure if anything anyone said would be listened to. In 2001, we did have people in the United States counseling against acting on fear and anger. In Congress, however, we had only one member, Barbara Lee, from California, who voted against giving the President unlimited authority to carry out war, an authority that President Obama still utilizes nearly 15 years later. Out of 535 members of Congress only one had the wisdom, the intelligence and the courage to say that war was not just the wrong approach to terrorism, but that it would be foolhardy and prove to be counter-productive. Americans at that time were scared and angry. Politicians were scared and angry as well, but, more so, they were eager to capitalize on the public’s emotions for their own political advantage and security. So, sadly, I don’t think my stating my expectations of my government to follow the dictates of morality, justice and rule of law would have been listened to.

Habilian: On February 14, 2003, George W. Bush released “The United States’ strategy for combating terrorism” in which the US administration’s objectives in the War on Terror had been listed. The core of that strategy were weakening and isolating terror networks such as Al Qaeda. Regarding the rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria and its violent ambitions, do you believe that the announced goals of these wars have been achieved? In your opinion, are Al Qaeda typed groups stronger or weaker now?

Hoh: Terror groups are much stronger now than in 2001. The greatest recruitment for al-Qaeda and affiliated groups was not the murders of Americans in the 9/11 attacks, but the invasion of Iraq by the US in 2003, the continued occupation of Afghanistan, torture of prisoners by American guards, and the bombing of Muslim peoples throughout the world by the West. Remember, in 2001, al-Qaeda only had about 200 members and the Islamic State did not exist. The United States validated the propaganda and the doctrine of the terrorists with our response to 9/11 and provided many thousands of young men with a rationale for leaving their homes and joining terror groups. Of course, this is all a consequence of American military and diplomatic involvement in the Middle East since the end of the Second World War. As an American I have to understand that much of what we are seeing now in the Middle East is a consequence of decades of American backed coups, American backed dictatorships, American military interventions, American backed wars, unlimited American support for Israel, American arms sales and the American formation of religiously inspired cadres to fight the Soviet Union in the 1980s, one of which famously became al-Qaeda. However, I do not believe the wisest among us in the United States, of which I must admit I was not a part of in 2001, ever thought our policies would prove to be so disastrous.

Habilian: Why despite the American intelligence agencies’ estimation that the ISIS poses no immediate threat to the United States, Obama administration decided to send the country on a military campaign against that group, knowing that such a war may take several years?

Hoh: There are a few different reasons for this. I think there are some in the US government that do believe the United States has an interest in trying to bring about stability to Iraq and Syria and that military means are the only, or the predominant, manner of doing so. I believe those assertions to be wrong, that those assumptions are not based on history or experience, but I do understand them to be sincere.

Unfortunately, there are a number of other reasons why President Obama is intervening militarily in Syria and Iraq. The most important is political. President Obama, and the Democratic Party, is afraid of being viewed as weak. It is that simple. Additionally, it is nearly impossible for an American politician to say he or she is wrong or made a mistake. American politicians would rather see more American soldiers killed, more American families devastated as a result of those losses, and more innocent civilians destroyed than to admit they are wrong. Again, it is just that simple.

There are those who believe that these wars in the Middle East can simply be broken down into terms of good people versus bad people and we, the US, are on the side of the good people. There are philosophical, religious, nationalist, racist, and other reasons for such beliefs, but simple binary thinking, much like the thinking that under lay the assumptions of the Cold War, is prevalent in Washington, DC and throughout America.

There is a lot of money involved in Iraq. American companies have a good deal of interest in the oil fields of northern Iraq and the US government is keen to see those oil fields in Kurdish control, while projected sales of weapons to the Iraqi government range from 15-30 billion dollars over the next one or two decades. Such money has enormous influence in Washington, DC and the fear of the loss of such money would motivate an American President to act militarily.

Finally, the United States has an empire around the world that it must maintain. This is different in appearance or in kind than say the British or Roman Empires of the past, but it is nonetheless an empire. The United States has over 800 military bases around the world, has client states across the globe, many of which are the worst human rights violators in power, depends upon weapons sales as one of the leading aspects of the American export economy, and spends approximately one trillion dollars a year in total in support of this complex. Any threat or challenge to this established system must be confronted. In this established system in Washington, DC, as well as in American universities and corporations, it is seemingly impossible to understand any other option for the world; in fact this world view of the United States being “responsible” for the rest of the world is taken as a praiseworthy virtue and any deviance from this view is considered naïve, ignorant or silly. Combine that with America’s cultural and religious view of itself as an “exceptional nation” or as a nation with divine purposes and you can understand why America is so quick to use its military tens of thousands of miles from its borders. It is worth noting only the Western allies of the US act similarly so far from the borders; no other nation behaves this way, with the exception of the recent limited Russian involvement in Syria.

Habilian: Daniel Benjamin, who served as the State Department’s top counterterrorism adviser during Mr. Obama’s first term, said the public discussion about the ISIS threat has been a “farce”. Why the US media are advertising this story?

Hoh: Terrorism scares and angers people, and fear and anger make for good audiences for the US media. The media in the US depends on ratings for advertising revenue (US media is privately funded) and so stories about terrorism get people’s attention causing more people to watch, listen or read, which brings in more money for the media.

There are also informal relationships between the media, the US government and politicians that lead all three to work together to support one another. The media needs the support of people in the government and politicians to get the best stories and get the best interviews, while the government and politicians need the media to present the best views of themselves and their policies. It is a mutually supportive relationship between many members of the media, the government and politicians that many in the United States see to be corrupt. That is why the American public has incredibly low opinions of the media, government and politicians in the US (recent opinion polls show that only about 10% of the public trusts these institutions).

Finally, there is the ongoing narrative of the United States being a morally correct and righteous nation that is on the side of “good” overseas. I believe the media feels it would cost them their audiences, and so their revenue, if they tried to explain world events, including terrorism and the wars, in a more complex yet accurate manner.

I must say that there are many good media sources in the US, but they tend to be small and independent of the larger corporate media that most Americans depend upon for their news. These men and women are often unfairly characterized as un-American, ideological or overly politically partisan, yet they are often the ones with the journalistic integrity the larger corporate media lacks.

Habilian: To this day MEK terrorists have been carrying out attacks inside of Iran killing political opponents, attacking civilian targets, as well as carrying out the US-Israeli program of targeting and assassinating Iranian scientists. In your opinion, how America’s government came to the conclusion that MeK no longer should be in the Terrorist List?

Hoh: The MeK has been very successful in the United States in paying American politicians and former government officials to represent the MeK. Along with the demonization with which the American government has colored Iran with since 1979, these political efforts by the MeK have succeeded in making many American leaders believe the MeK can be useful to US interests in the Middle East. Whether or not they know or care that the MeK has made many, many innocent Iranian people suffer is not something American leaders consider. I am quick to denounce the violent actions of my government, just as many Iranians are quick to denounce the violent actions of the Iranian government. Groups like the MeK and actions like the assassination of Iranian scientists serve only to prolong hostilities between the United States and Iran, hostilities that have gone on for far too long and which only serve the elites who hold power in both countries and which cause both the American and Iranian people to suffer.

…the civil society is fighting back with four full days (May 23, 24, 25, 26, 2016) at Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. with a civic mobilization designed to break through the power of the corporate/political complex.

Breaking through power means securing long-overdue democratic solutions made possible by a new muscular civic nexus connecting local communities and Washington, D.C.

On these four days, speakers will present innovative ideas and strategies designed to take existing civic groups to higher levels of effectiveness.

Day One — May 23, 2016 will feature an unprecedented series of presentations by seventeen successful citizen advocacy groups of long standing.

Day Two – May 24, 2016 brings together a large gathering of authors, documentary filmmakers, reporters, columnists, musicians, poets and editorial cartoonists who will demonstrate the need for wider audiences over the mass media.

Day Three – May 25, 2016 will be dedicated to enhancing the waging of peace over the waging of war. We will assemble leading scholars having military and national security backgrounds such as ret. Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson, former chief of staff to Secretary of State, Colin Powell, veterans groups such as Veterans For Peace, and long-time peace advocacy associations to explain how peace is more powerful than war.

Day Four — May 26, 2016 will unveil a new Civic Agenda (much of which has Left/Right support) that could be advanced by engaged and enraged citizens in each Congressional district. The agenda includes recognized necessities ignored by Congress for decades and will be presented by a veritable brain trust of recognized advocates for the well-being of present and future generations.

I’ll be speaking on the third day, May 25, along with an Iraqi friend who endured the first few years of the American occupation with his family in Baghdad.

More information, registration and tickets are here: Breaking Through Power. Please let me know if you can attend. As a further incentive the Mets are in town the first part of that week and I’ll buy the beer and hot dogs* 😉

An essay Ralph recently published on the motivations and purposes behind the conference can be found at Counterpunch.

*So long as the beer is non-alcoholic and the hot dogs are vegan. Ah sobriety and veganism you are the wretched twin children of boredom and lameness…

From an interview I did in the summer of 2011 on Afghanistan with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. This may be the most complete summation of my views on the war in Afghanistan, on counter-insurgency, and on American political and military decision making. I do not believe anything I said in this interview differs from what I said in 2009 when I resigned from my State Department position in Afghanistan and I don’t believe I have said anything different in the past four years as I have worked against these policies. Sadly, I think the results of our military and political policies in Afghanistan delivered the consequences I feared so greatly.

I am also horrified, four years later, that my t-shirt was showing during this interview…

The web page for the program also has other extended interviews with some of the other commentators on the program, including Major General Nicholson, whom I remember meeting and speaking with a number of times in Kandahar, I always liked him. Please give them a watch and let me know what you think. I am not looking to be told I was right, I am just looking to be told I am not crazy.

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Some Photos To Show How I Got Here (Nov. 2015)

I see this and I wait for King Kong to come out of the mists. But he’s a myth. Don’t let myths define you, don’t let outdated and irrelevant stories propel you, take your life and be your own reality.

With Kevin Lucy and Ray McGovern in NYC in May 2015. Ray was career CIA, having served as George W. Bush’s personal briefer. He is my mentor. Kevin’s son Jeff was a Marine who killed himself upon returning home from Iraq. Kevin courageously and unselfishly shares his and his family’s story to strangers in order to help people heal.

Meeting with my Iraqi engineer staff in September of 2004. I know at least three of them have been killed and one maimed since I left. If they are still in Salah ad Din, they live in the battleground of the Sunni Islamic State and the Shia government/militias.

Watching the oil on the ancient Tigris River drift by in January 2005.

With Code Pink and Ray McGovern speaking against the US and NATO intervention in Libya. Spring 2011.

Yep. This is real. From the Green Zone in 2004.

My half of my trailer in Baghdad. 2004/5.

Afghan men and boys gawk at a Western woman walking through the streets of their city. Qalat, Zabul Province, Southern Afghanistan.

Election day is approaching in Qalat, Zabul Province in August, 2009. The elections were masterfully corrupt and illegitimate. It was truly brilliant and beautiful election theft. Too bad so many young American boys bled out obscenely so far from home to make that happen.

Becoming a war tax resister.

Two brothers killed by American bombs in Syria in 2014. It’s quite rare to see such testimony of our wars abroad in American media, but overseas, on networks not headquartered in New York City, viewers have a full appreciation for what the US is doing.

Speaking in Dallas in August 2011. I had promised myself this was to be my last speaking event, that I was going to leave the wars behind and start a new life. Staying with friends that night in Dallas I was unable to drink as I needed and I lay awake wracked with anxiety, anger and sorrow. The alcohol I traveled with I had finished, alone, in their guest room, the night before. The next day, on the flight home, I took advantage of a first class upgrade in order to drink the three hours back to DC. Arriving back home I met my parents and girlfriend for dinner. Strengthened by the alcohol I was confident and happy in my new life. It didn’t happen. The only thing I was successful in was leaving my work. Within months my relationship was over, breakdowns were daily and suicide was the next step. A therapist in DC saved my life.

Dinner in Qalat with the Ambassador. Summer 2009.

One of my D9 armored bull dozers at work in Iraq in 2006 or 2007. We used these to berm in cities and destroy homes. Please see: https://matthewhoh.com/2016/03/16/remembering-rachel-corrie-letters-from-palestine/

A village from the air north of Baghdad in June, 2004. We flew low and fast, which to the villagers was a loud and near constant reminder of our presence.

With Amos Lee, Raleigh, NC.

Speaking at a local Peace Action Dinner in 2013. Sober for a year I approached speaking selectively and with hesitation. At this point I was working for $7.35 at the YMCA, but I was alive.

A young girl in Qalat, Zabul Province Afghanistan. At her age she has only a few years remaining of being outside, not covered, and not escorted by a male relative. When she reaches puberty she will be shut away with the remainder of the female members of her family until she is married off to start a family of her own. If she is lucky she will be a first wife.

Debating Nate Fick of Generation Kill fame on the CBS Evening News with Katie Couric in December 2009.

My first effort with my friend Danny Davis. We were rejected by about 15 newspapers before Defense News ran it. August 2010.

A statue of Salah ad Din was prominent on our base in Tikrit. Born in Tikrit in the 12th century, Salah ad Din would lead the Muslim reconquest of Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187. As modern day crusaders most of us aboard the base were ignorant of such history and blind to the symbolism of the great general to the Iraqi, Arab and Muslim people.

Afghan villagers endure our speeches and await our paying a family for killing their sons.

My security team at an outdoor restaurant in Sulimania, Kurdistan. Sit outside, smoke cigs, talk to people and be nice. Heading to Kurdistan, with a stop first in Kirkuk, every six weeks was like R&R.

Checking on the status of road work in southeastern Afghanistan. Summer 2009.

Ashore in Thailand in 2001.That’s Thailand’s aircraft carrier behind me. I’d bet dollars to donuts she still hasn’t put out for operations yet. But, hey, Thai admirals get to say they have an aircraft carrier…

A simple plaque to remember the presence of United States Marines in Australia at the War Shrine in Melbourne, Australia.

Speaking in NJ. Winter 2011.

One of my meetings with local Afghans. Sometimes you would get someone representing the Taliban. Their message: we are tired of fighting, but we are not going to surrender. Surrender of course being the only thing I was authorized to communicate to them. Zabul Province, Afghanistan, September 2009.

The sandbags of the embassy compound in Baghdad. 2004/5

You know, things are often right outside your door that you don’t take the time to notice.

Boys and girls perform for Paul Bremer, CPA staff and Iraqi guests at the transitioning of the Ministry of Youth and Sport to Iraqi control. This was over eleven years ago. What happened to these children? What have they become if they have survived?

Due to my position, which really was seniority by default, because no one else showed up, I had my own bedroom with working bath. Here’s my toilet and bidet. I had a hot shower for half the year which was an unbelievable luxury compared to nearly everyone else in the country, soldier, insurgent or civilian (our hot water tank was located outside). Tikrit, Iraq, 2004/5

Sam Winstead, who fought at Peleliu and Okinawa in World War II, speaks at the Swords to Plowshares Memorial Bell Tower during Veterans Day observations in Raleigh, NC, 2014. Each year Sam rides his bike to Washington DC to speak for peace.

Day laborers I supervised one day on the grounds of the CPA compound. These men filled sandbags all day for 7 or 8 dollars a day (maybe a little more or less). I liked these men much more than I liked most of the CPA/Embassy staff. Interestingly, most of these men were Shia, however they spoke reverently of the Sunni uprising in Fallujah of April 04. Not many of us were talking to local people, or at least local people who were not on long term, well paying contracts.

Afghan war widows cleaning raisins. These were the only women allowed to work in the province. Summer 2009.

My first sergeant and I inspect a pipeline we ruptured in Barwahna, Iraq in November 2006. I still have that uniform with the oil stains.

Yes.

Just some guns my friends had in Baghdad…2004.

A view of Iraq from an open Humvee. This photo would have been from the Fall of 2004. A year and a half after the invasion we were still operating in vehicles open and exposed to enemy gunfire, rockets and IEDs, while welding our own armor onto the vehicles for protection.

That’s right.

These parakeets could be bought in the bazaar in the Green Zone, not more than a couple of blocks from the US Embassy. When suicide bombers hit the bazaar, one of them hit this store. I’ve always worried about what happened to these birds.

Che lives! On the border with Pakistan in southeastern Afghanistan a vendor sells Che Guervara stickers. I still have one. Summer 2009.

Reconstruction and governance team with PSD team leaders. Early 2005. Tikrit, Iraq.

Hugh Elsea’s wedding, Southwest Virginia near Lyhchburg, October 2012. This was the first event I ever attended as a sober person. Thankfully it was a dry wedding.

Yes, who would he torture?

One of my Huskies. You placed a Marine inside of this vehicle and he drove along the road with metal detectors under the vehicle. Its modular design allowed it to be blown to pieces without the Marine suffering visible wounds, usually. Of course, a minor design flaw was that the detector was behind the front wheels. My Marines drove these vehicles daily looking for bombs in and on the side of the roads. They never complained.

Building a better Iraq. Nothing like tempting people with the possibility of clean water for their children but then delivering a civil war onto them.

Attending the weekly Salah ad Din Provincial Council meeting in 2004 or 2005. The provincial council chairman (seated beneath the flag) would be killed not very long after I left Iraq. The man I am talking to is my friend, Khaled, the provincial head of construction, I have no idea if he is alive. In my suit pants pocket would have been my .32 Llama pistol.

The Tim Hortons at Kandahar Air Base in southern Afghanistan. This was not your grandfather’s or your father’s war. May 2009

Nothing is so strong as gentleness, nothing so gentle as real strength. -Saint Francis de Sales

A lone Iraqi soldier stands guard as we drive by. I wonder if he is alive. 2004 or 2005, Tikrit, Iraq.

From 2004 in Iraq. By the time I left Iraq, for the last time, in the spring of 2007 such destroyed and damaged buildings were common.

My Marines train to go to Iraq. 29 Palms, CA, summer 2006. We had a lot of trouble getting enough ammunition to train, among other problems, as we prepared to deploy. Officers senior to me lied about our shortages and it took the personal intervention of the 4th Marine Division Commanding General for us to get the ammunition, equipment and facilities to be properly trained for Iraq. Semper Fi and fuck you 4th CEB.

Young men, and some young women, saw this view every day for a year. Every day. Sometimes their mission would be broken up by the vehicle in front or behind getting blown up. Sometimes it was their vehicle. Other times they would take small arms or maybe RPG fire, and, of course, kids would throw rocks at them. They didn’t speak the local language, watched as local people fled the streets when they approached, didn’t know the local history, believed Iraq was involved in 9/11, received letters and emails telling them their girlfriends and wives were leaving them, used toilets that overflowed, slept in freezing AC to keep away the mosquitos and the disease the bugs carried, and ate shitty food, but they had each other.

Nothing seems like it can be so simple, so pure, so honest or so beautiful after war. All the stories, tales and narratives don’t make sense anymore.

The banner from my appearance with Jonathan Landay on one of Bill Moyers’ last shows. September 2014

My good friend Shea. Race car driver, blues guitarist and Quaker. Our friendship began the same time as my first attempt at sobriety.

New Years Day, 2005, Tikirt, Iraq. With Suzanne, State Department, and Gail, USAID. Two of my best friends. Behind the tree is a $10,000 copy machine that worked for about a week before the dust jammed it. It was impossible to fix without a technician and Ricoh wouldn’t send one to Iraq, I called.

My cat. My pets have allowed me to renew relationships of trust as well as maintain a connection to the present. Two things that PTSD takes away from you.

With Bradley Walker at the Marine Corps Marathon in 2008. Not pictured are Brad’s two artificial legs. Brad lost his legs when the vehicle he was in hit an IED in December 2006. My vehicle had driven over that IED just seconds before Brad’s did.

Find it.

An example of a self-armored vehicle that we rode in until late in 2004. This wasn’t a vehicle I ever rode in, but it was similar to one I often rode in in Salah ad Din Province. Baghdad, Spring or Summer 2004.

In a new apartment, I conduct a Skype interview with BBC from my bedroom. Don’t let anyone tell you being an anti-war agitator is a path to financial prosperity ;) October 2013

My latest tattoo. From the Rumi poem Bewilderment, in Farsi, it reads: “I have tried prudent planning long enough. From now on I’ll be mad.”

Working for six dollars a day these young men made us look very good to the staff of the US embassy and to the politicians in Washington, DC. Progress was being made, we can attest to it because we are spending money…

Speaking against torture outside the governor’s mansion in Raleigh in 2014. North Carolina is home to an airfield utilized in the US government’s rendition and torture program. While clearly illegal, under existing local, state and federal laws, no elected or appointed official has had the courage, or political need, to enforce the law.

Afghan soldiers prepare to be inspected by the governor of Zabul Province. None of these soldiers were from the province, very few spoke Pashto and even less were Pashtun. August 2009

Young Iraqi men. How long did those smiles last after 2004?

Mona and Risahla. Mona was Shia, Risahla Kurdish. Mona treated me, every day, like her son for nearly a year. I have no idea if she is alive.

Downtown Hit, Iraq. One of the oldest cities it was a very, very tough place for the Marines and Soldiers stationed here. In every window there could be a sniper, every piece of trash could be an IED, and every person might be a suicide bomber. I have the greatest respect for our young men who lived here, for months on end, enduring that insanity. It is right to be angry at what we put them through.

Greeting Ambassador Karl Eikenberry alongside the Commander of 3rd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division. At this point I was the acting political officer for four provinces in northeastern Afghanistan. Spring 2009.

Parliament, Westminster and MI5 from RT’s London studio. November 2014.

My pills and my dog’s pills. We are quite the pair.

Combat wasn’t the only danger in Iraq. Accidents accounted for many, many American and Iraqi lives. While this incident was nothing more than a gigantic pain in the ass, such rollovers and submersions could be deadly. Heavy vehicles would collapse the farm roads, rolling over into a water filled ditched. The vehicle would sink into the mud. Encased, unable to open the vehicle doors and hatches, the crew would slowly drown to death. The other members of the patrol would be unable to dig out the vehicle and would have to wait helplessly for a recovery team while their mates died.

Our deck in Tikrit. We could eat from the date palms. Fortunately you could usually hear the outgoing fire from insurgent mortars before the rounds reached the base giving us enough time to get back inside. I will say watching incoming mortar rounds fall short and detonate on the Tigris was a bit thrilling.

My favorite dog we worked with in Anbar Province in 2006 and 2007. This was Cisco. He was very sweet and would climb in your lap. He was trained for both bomb detection and attack and was on at least his third deployment. Like many of our war dogs he suffered from PTSD. His teeth had been replaced with titanium. When a dog sinks into an arm or leg they will bite into the bone and not release. Regular teeth may break, titanium won’t. To know what we have done to these creatures in pursuit of our wars is to know what war is.

Flying to Baghdad in 2004/5. This was often very cold and loud, or very hot and loud, but much, much safer than driving back and forth on Route Tampa.

Oil floods the Tigris River in January 2005. This became more common as the year went on.

Speaking in defense of Bowe Bergdahl’s family on CNN, 2014.

Iraqi men play soccer on a pitch in Sadr City, Baghdad, May 2004.

Live in the present. It may not be Maui at Christmas, but find yourself in the present wherever you are. You owe that to those who can no longer do so themselves.

Testing suicide bomber detection devices on a very cold day in Massachusetts in January 2009. They didn’t work. That didn’t stop the vendors from complaining to Congress though.

Speaking to members of Congress in July 2010. Bob Pape of the University of Chicago is beside me.

The Golden Dome Mosque in Samarra. Revered in Shia society, al Qaeda would destroy its beautiful dome in February 2006. The civil war between Iraqis had begun well before al-Qaeda’s attack, so much that we began recording and reporting to Baghdad Iraqi civilian deaths in early 2005. That we didn’t do so for nearly two years into our war there tells a lot about us. In October 2004, Iraqi and American special operations troops stormed the mosque to root out insurgents. In doing so they destroyed the front door. We, the US, paid $100,000 to purchase a replacement. War is racket folks…

I’m on the left heading to inspect one of the berms we had built outside of Haqlaniyah, Anbar Province, Iraq, December 2006. As part of a larger campaign, Marines, Soldiers and Sailors, with Iraqi police and army units, led by Sunnis, and blessed off by local tribal leaders, began to clear the cities of the Euphrates River Valley leading to Ramadi. We constructed large berms around the cities, allowing only one way in and out. Marines and Iraqi soldiers went house to house and cleared the city. Local people gave up the al-Qaeda cells that were operating in their cities. They did that, not because they liked us, but because we had finally talked to and worked with their local leaders and limited the interference from the Shia government in Baghdad. We replaced the Shia leaders of Iraqi soldiers and police with Sunnis and Anbaris. With no need for al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) the Sunnis gave them up. What was fascinating was that the AQI cells were quite small. Violence dropped dramatically. It became so quiet it was scary. In the end it was politics that had them fighting us, simple, easy to understand grievances that our hubris, ignorance and arrogance would not previously let us consider.

One of my 7-ton trucks post IED strike. My three Marines walked away from this, but were never tested for traumatic brain injury upon returning home to the US. Upon getting home we did receive a one hour PTSD briefing from a kind person who had never been to war. We didn’t give it much mind. 2007

Ashore in Indonesia less than 20 kilometers from the equator in 2001.

Doing local news in Raleigh, NC. Local news allows you to reach audiences you wouldn’t ordinarily reach.

My Kurdish colleague’s family would host us. Here is a spread Karzan’s mom and sister made for me and my security team.

Those left behind. I was in Melbourne, Australia in 2012 to keynote an Australian national security conference. My talk to a couple hundred people was roughly well received by half those at the conference center in the Melbourne Cricket Stadium. The others, primarily from senior government, the defense industry, and those looking to join the defense industry or senior government was not so receptive. Simply put, my talk proffered the question: why is Australia jumping into the quicksand of Afghanistan (at this time the Australians were replacing the Dutch in Uruzgan province in southern Afghanistan).

My girl Sky. Please consider helping veterans by donating to any of the many organizations that pair veterans with rescued dogs.

An M1 Abrams crew in Salah Ad Din Province in October 2004. Note the green paint on the tank. A year and a half into the war and we still didn’t have equipment that was even the right color… During my second deployment, as a Marine, I came to greatly value the firepower of a tank.

My parents’ home in NC. As a 40 year old man I spent a year at their home, recovering and trying to get sober, completely broke and unable to work. I am lucky to have such a family, other guys aren’t. Without them I would have had to live in my car and I doubt I’d still be here today.

Sunni boys come running as we drive past. They always came running. It would scare the hell out of you because we were always capable of being attacked or hitting an IED. My stomach sinks now as my body and mind remember kids like this running towards us and being so afraid, so afraid, they would be killed.

Speaking with a local municipality engineer during post combat operations in either Samarra or Bayji, Fall 2004. I have no excuse for the sideburns. It was a tough time for us all…

An early appearance on CNN in November 2009. Prior to this my last appearance in the American press was in the Hunterdon County Democrat in 1991 for high school track.

I doubt that flag is still there.

For a long time I lost my pride in what I did as a Marine, of how my Marines behaved and performed. Through therapy I have come to put my emotions, memories and feeling in perspective, to understand what we did and how we acted, how we tried to be as moral as possible in an immoral position. I have the greatest respect and fondest memories of the majority of Marines I served with, particularly those I led. Our nation’s sins should not be ours to bear alone in our own mindful hate, anger, despair and sorrow.

FOB Danger, Tikrit, Iraq. In the hill on the left of the photo, beneath the minaret, were millennia old living spaces and caves, including an ancient pre-Mohamdian church. On the right, across the bridge, was a zoo the Baath Party had run for the wealthy and the privileged. Twice, on our patio, at night, I saw the lynx that was once caged in that zoo. This was an odd place.

Talking to peace people in NC.

In 2004 I sit next to a gentlemen who would be killed just a few days later. HIs funeral would be attacked and bombed, slaughtering family and friends mourning a good man, which he was, he was one of the few. Years later my own government would attack funerals with drones and airstrikes.

Second Lieutenant Hoh, 1998.

Stockholm, March 2011. The last day of a 17 day speaking tour through Denmark, Finland, Holland and Sweden.

A Marine gets ready for patrol. Anbar Province, Winter 2007.

A message supporting diplomacy with Iran from Spring 2015.

A view of the pool at CPA Headquarters/American embassy. Spring or Summer 2004.

A co-worker attracts attention while supervising day laborers on the CPA grounds. Spring 2004. Green Zone, Baghdad. Our women got lots of attention from local men not used to form flattering clothing.

Atop the Al Malawiya Shrine in Samarra. April 2005.

The view from a lavender farm, Maui, March 2015.

Boys in Sadr City, Iraq, Spring 2004. By the time our occupation ended, seven years later, many of these boys would, if they had survived, been part of the Mahdi Army. Note the open top Hummvee at the top of the photo.

A Marine hoists our colors over Um Qasr, Iraq the first day of the invasion in March 2003. I am seeing this from my desk at the Pentagon, upset I wasn’t taking part, afraid I was going to miss the war.

A cold and frozen day in NC in 2013. I look at this now and I see old sentiments about country, people and values frozen and dead in my own heart. Still there, still resident, but frozen and dead.

In Oslo, November 2014 with my very brave friends and heroes: John Johns, Colleen Rowley, Kirk Wiebe and Normon Solomon.

On the Pakistan border a local man tells us he has no need for any of us.

I can feel the heat, I can taste the dust, I can feel my shirt and my pants sticking to me from the sweat, I am cognizant of needing to keep drinking water and forcing myself to eat. I keep an eye on not getting ahead of my security and I have a body guard right near me. I search every Iraqi with my eyes and I wait for the sound of AK fire, the retort of an outgoing mortar, or the shock and blast of a suicide bomber. I’d rather die than lose my eyes or my balls, and I’d rather die than any of my friends around me. Sitting in Wake Forest, NC on November 19, 2015, those feelings are as genuine as they were over 11 years ago in Bayji, Iraq.

Beautiful American women visited us from time to time to tell us they were proud of us.

Camp Fuji, Japan, Winter 2001. Within the year al-Qaeda would let the US know the world had changed.

With Jesse Ventura on his television show in early 2015. I have appeared on a couple of occasions with Governor Ventura and each time I get many, many more views and comments than I do from traditional cable news media.

Downtown Qalat. A provincial capital, Qalat set on the main highway between Afghanistan’s two major highways. 14 years after the war began that highway is still not controlled by Afghan government forces. August 2009

Speaking with Chris Hayes on MSNBC the night the US launched strikes agains the Islamic State in 2014. A year later the Islamic State is only larger, stronger, and has a global presence throughout the Muslim world. In the past two weeks they have successfully inspired the mass bombings in Beirut, attacks in Paris and the downing of a Russian airliner.

Everyone of us behaved like a tourist at some point. I always thought of this scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMFLZuAen0k

Destruction was all around us, including the buildings you lived next to. But, I guess, you become numb or you explain it away. This building had been hit by cruise missiles and airstrikes in 2003.

We couldn’t get bulletproof glass for our guard towers, equipment to repair our jammers to protect us from IEDs, or even cold weather gear that would not catch fire if our vehicles were hit, but we sure had a lot of candy! Charlie Company, 4th Combat Engineer Battalion, Regimental Combat Team 7, Anbar Province, 2006.

The joy I felt when I took off this bracelet upon Bowe’s release was nothing compared to the revulsion at the base and petty politically motivated hatred of Americans towards Bowe and his family.

Why every American wanted to visit Kurdistan.

A palace on FOB Danger. My home for nearly a year in 2004-5.

In northern Iraq, in Sulamania, a Kurdish city and province, we could drop our body armor and rifles, and walk the streets. Among the Kurds we were seen as liberators.

Dave and Majeed. Baghdad, 2004. Majeed and his family were fortunate to have been accepted into the asylum program in the US. A civil engineer, he now drives a truck.

Raleigh NC Town Hall w/ 3 US congressional reps and 2 state reps. Betsy Crites of NC Peace Action on the right. February 2012. I was newly sober.

My friend Sean delivers the flag to his father at Sean’s brother’s funeral.

With Tomi Lauren of the One America News Network, a network created because Fox News isn’t conservative enough…Go and speak to all.

Near daily view in 2004 and 2005 as we leave the FOB.

Palace living in Baghdad.

NYU Public Theater December 2010 with Alec Baldwin and fellow veterans.

At the infamous Green Zone Disco. It was as I would imagine a disco would have been like at a Howard Johnson’s in the late 1970s. Spring 2004.

They will be here long after we leave. Learn from them.

Speaking with Ammar and Damar in Tikrit shortly before leaving Tirkit to head home to the US after a year in Iraq. Upon returning home I would work as a consultant for the State Department on Iraq policy. Within a few months of being at the State Department, I had volunteered for mobilization with the Marine Corps.

Ladies and gentlemen, Consumerism has arrived in Baghdad. Please visit the al-Rasheed to shop and get the first tastes of a gloriously provisioned Iraq.

Brian, one of our Army Corps of Engineers civilians with some cash from one of my safes. Tikrit, Iraq, 2004/5

Afghan men and soldiers dance at an Afghan Independence Day celebration. The holiday commemorated defeating the British (multiple times) and the Soviets. My British colleagues were a bit unnerved by some of the referencing to killing Brits in their speeches and songs. Note the photo of Ahmed Shah Massoud in the top left corner of the photo. The ANA truly stood for the Army of the Northern Alliance.

With my friend Leslie Cockburn at her book launch in Fall 2013. Leslie’s novel, Baghdad Solitaire, is a vivid depiction of life in Iraq under occupation. So vivid I had to stop reading it for awhile.

Without makeup on MSNBC.

Your heart might be black and dead, that’s why you need to take something into your heart to help it heal. These two do it for me.

John Fields one of my PSD team leaders outside Samarra, April 2005. A Brit and a very, very good man.

In Crystal City, Virginia, 2008/9, at the Joint IED Defeat Organization, with former Marines and soldiers, engineers, and scientists to find technologies to detect suicide bombers and IEDs buried in the ground.

A young girl watches us walk by. If she is alive, she is now a young woman, having survived a war that has seen a million dead, millions wounded and maimed, millions displaced and nearly everyone mentally and emotionally traumatized. If she is still living in that house she is either under Islamic State oppression or subject to the abuses of Shia militias.

On my wall, and maybe, at some point, on my forearm.

Sitting alongside NSA whistleblower Tom Drake at the National Press Club in Washington, DC in 2013.

With one of my PSD teams above Sulimania, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Needless to say I root for the apes in the Planet of the Apes movies…

Men under my employ and pay work in Salah ad Din province in 2004. I ran a program with money from the Development Fund for Iraq, money that came from seized Iraqi assets, oil revenue and the UN oil for food program. The program was $50 million dollars and I received no written instructions as to its operation. When we needed more cash we would fly down to Baghdad and fill a duffel bag, or two, with cash from the vault. You can get $6 million dollars in a standard military duffel/sea bag. We would then fly back to Tikrit and put the money in two safes I kept in my bedroom. We would pay our contractors directly, while involving the local Iraqi government and ministries. Because we had no written instructions the program was fungible and we utilized the cash to employ public servants and conduct emergency post-battle reconstruction. I provided copies of my records to both contracting and financing officers in Kirkuk and Baghdad, as well as kept hard and digital copies in Tikrit I actually received special recognition for our work by the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction. It didn’t matter, we didn’t understand the politics of the war or the reality of being occupiers. And, of course, all the records were mysteriously lost as time went on. War is a racket.

Two of my NCOs grill for their Marines in between missions and patrols. I was blessed, company wide, with tough, smart and dependable corporals and sergeants. They kept their Marines alive. Rahwah, Anbar Province, Iraq, 2006/7

As the year went on we needed to add more blast protection to our house. Tikrit, Iraq, 2005

Ashore in Jakarta with Indonesian Marines in 2001.

Kurdistan. History matters.

With Andy, one of my platoon commanders. Haditha, Iraq, December 2006.

Saint Patrick’s Day 2010. I would wake up on my floor the next day, clean my self up and go and brief the Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Ike Skelton. After briefing him, Chairman Skelton told me I was the first person to have ever come into his office and tell him things weren’t going well in Afghanistan. This was 2010.

My friend Dave stands next to one of the structurally decapitated heads of Saddam Hussein. Baghdad, Spring 2004.

When your mom has a crush on Chris Coumo you give him a hug and get a photo. Summer 2014

Off they go. They will arrive in a village with their guns and maybe some money, and then they will leave. They will do this for an entire deployment. Lagham Province, Afghanistan, 2009

There is a lot to fight for at home. There is really no reason to go abroad looking for monsters. We have too many here.

Mazin. Spring 2005. I still have the prayer beads you gave me my friend.

Members of the Ministry of Youth and Sport in Baghdad May 2004. Nada was one of our Iraqi employees. As I understand she is safe in the United States. Worrying what became of her haunted me for years. The gentleman to my right, Dave, was an executive with Nike who volunteered his time from home and family to try and do something good in Iraq. The gentleman to Nada’s left, Lynn, was an Army chaplain. A kinder, wiser and more gentle man I’m not sure I ever knew. RIP Lynn.

Speaking at the venerable Cleveland Club in the summer of 2011. I’m sweating out last night’s booze, beginning to feel needy for alcohol, and calculating how soon I can be at the airport in order to maximize time in the bar.

My favorite statue in Washington DC. Think big thoughts but remember it all may be absurd.

A joint Iraqi-US reconstruction team meeting. Anyone who tells you we weren’t doing counter-insurgency prior to General Petraeus’ assumption of command in Iraq in 2007 simply doesn’t know what they are talking about. Here we were utilizing millions and millions of dollars in American resources and money in collaboration with Iraq institutions, norms and personnel. Yet, every week, the insurgency grew stronger. A well financed and charitable occupation is still an occupation.

T walls and concertina lined the roads in the Green Zone (GZ). I was first stationed in Baghdad in spring 2004 before moving north to Tikrit, but I returned to the embassy roughly every 6 weeks. Each time I returned to the GZ more fortifications, barricades and obstacles had been constructed. Yet, inside the Embassy, assessments of Iraq were rosy…

Viva La Papa.

Always nice when one of your former Marines, who had a rough go of it on several occasions in both Iraq and Afghanistan, has a child. Semper Fidelis Ethan.

Laborers employed under my public works program. Monthly I would disperse tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars to Iraqi communities in Salah ad Din Province to maintain public services. At its peak I had 3,000 employees. Sure, plenty of it got stolen, but the work did get done and it was done transparently and through the Iraqi ministries and local governments. The insurgency still blossomed bloodily.

Boys watch a grader at work in a town in Salah ad Din Province, Iraq. These boys are all fighting age now.

Marrying Bryce and Casey. May 2011.

With First Sergeant Scott Miller in a makeshift company headquarters in Haditha, Iraq, Fall/Winter 2006. No better friend, no better counsel than 1stSgt Miller. Semper Fidelis Scott.

Speaking with Lauren Lyster of RT News. I would not drink before doing media, but would almost always spend the rest of the afternoon and evening making friends with the pain in my head via alcohol. Washington, DC. Summer, 2010

Through the end of 2004 until I left Tikrit at the end of May 2005, smoke clouds from the oil fires of Bayji were near daily.

My first and, only, boss, Chuck, in Tirkit, posing in front of an armored Humvee on FOB Danger. The rumor was that that vehicle had belonged to Michael Jackson. I don’t know if that is true, but what is true is that the US government and its allies were incredibly unprepared for the war in Iraq. Over a year of believing it would get better in Iraq by politicians, bureaucrats and generals finally evaporated and in 2004 the US government purchased and requisitioned armored vehicles across the world to protect its people in Iraq. If I recall right this vehicle was delivered without the keys. Eventually KBR came and took it away.

With the incomparable Ray McGovern and two very bad ass ladies from Code Pink, Asheville, NC, July 2014.

My home and office. FOB Danger, Tikrit, Iraq, 2004-5.

With Daniel Ellsberg in LA. November 2009.

My friend’s patio in Maui. The kindness of friends has saved me.

RIP Danny.

Speaking as an alum at Tufts University, April 2011.

An aerial view of the Presidential palace in the Baghdad. It would serve as headquarters for the US Coalition Provisional Authority and then the US Embassy in Iraq.

Our house staff in Tikrit, Iraq. Mostly Shia and Kurds, what happened to them, particularly the women, haunts me and is a root cause of my PTSD and moral injury.

A young Iraqi digs a ditch in Salah ad Din province in 2004 or 2005.

Visiting Julian Assange in London in November 2014.

First Lieutenant Hoh with North Korea behind him in the winter of 2001.

Speaking at the Carr Center at Harvard University in November 2010. Yeah, that fish I caught was that big…

A market we drove by. We rarely, if ever, stopped at such places, none of us wanted to kill their business by scaring away the customers. Also, it wasn’t very safe for us.

A visit from an American and British delegation from Kabul. Qalat, Zabul Province, Southeastern Afghanistan, Summer 2009.

Meticulously researched and documented. One of the first books I suggest to anyone who is looking to understand the wars we are in.

Heading through a checkpoint in 2004.

Iraqi police move past us in October 2004. Riding 7 or 8 to an unarmored pick up truck these men were easily killed by insurgents. By 2005 the insurgents had begun placing canisters of fuel on the IEDs to create a fire ball to burn those hit in open vehicles and to scare those in the vicinity.

A medevac following a successful IED attack against American forces in between Tikrit and Kirkuk, 2005.

My favorite interview. From the Spanish newspaper La Pais. In it the correspondent refers to me as burly and affable. We did the interview in one of my local bars, I’m pretty sure the correspondent kindly substituted burly and affable for fat and drunk.

Steel from the World Trade Center at my father’s old church, the Church of the Good Shepard in Inman, Manhattan, January 2013.

Welcome to Samarra. October, 2004.

With my friend, General Abdullah. He wouldn’t wear the glasses because he didn’t want his enemies to see him in them. His enemies executed him in April 2011.

Iraqi kids giving us thumbs up and hoping for candy as we drive to Baquba. I’m not sure if these were Sunni or Shia children, but regardless, I can’t imagine they would be so friendly today.

What it looks like when some foreign ambassadors and generals visit your city. October 2004

Bryan and I with our largest single pay day. $3.3 million dollars. I was 31 years old, a Department of Defense civilian employee and a captain in the US Marine Corps Inactive Reserve.

We believed that if we showed progress to the Iraqi people, that if we delivered services, got the government working again, made their communities nicer and modern, that the people, including tribal leaders, would forget the occupation, acquiesce to usurpation, allow traditional rivals to profit, forgive our atrocities and mistakes, and not respond to the fear brought by jihadists. We were fools.

With Contessa Brewer on MSNBC in December 2010.

What it looks like when a rocket strikes next to your office. Our office was the second window on the left, close to the impact point. No one was hurt. I was eating downstairs in the chow hall, but Rita, our Christian-Iraqi secretary was in the office at the time. Whoever applied the mylar coating that prevented the window from becoming shrapnel saved Rita’s life. Baghdad, May 2004.

At Jalalabad Airbase in northeastern Afghanistan, Spring 2009. An old Soviet warplane lays broken, placed upon American HESCO, while nearby are the steps where Osama bin Laden announced his arrival in Afghanistan and declared continued war against the US. Bin Laden made that statement several months before the Taliban conquered this area; the Taliban effectively inherited bin Laden. Meanwhile, the man who actually brought bin Laden to Afghanistan, Abdul Rasoul Sayaf is today a prominent member of the Afghan Parliament who has run as a candidate for President. He actually won Kandahar Province in voting in 2014.

Damn right Snoopy.

It reads, in English letters over the Arabic, of course: “The United States Army in partnership with the Iraqi people for a better future.” I don’t believe that sign is still standing…

Pay day in Tikrit. We worked in cash. Things did get built and the money bought influence, but building things does not bring justice and influence is not loyalty. The insurgency got stronger. Note the black plastic bag, most of our contractors would walk out the gate of FOB Danger into Tikrit, with tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars in those black plastic bags, nearly the same time, every week. I never heard once of one of them getting robbed…

Christmas morning, 2004. General Abdullah, the deputy governor, and Sheik Naji, the Tribal Council leader, brought us the tree. They are both dead.

At the Marine Corps Ball with my company staff after my second Iraq Deployment. Finer men I’ve never known.

Speaking with my operations chief, Master Sergeant Kent Samuels, the best Marine I ever served with, on a clear and beautiful December day in Iraq. Two of my Marines would be severely wounded just hours after this photo.

The hardest thing of war: trying to be moral in the immoral world of war.

With my friend, hero and inspiration, Shea Brown at the 2013 Ridenhour Awards.

Afghan men greet us as we approach a school. Zabul Province, Afghanistan.

Two of my best friends to this day. Suzanne and Ryan. FOB Danger, Tikirt, Iraq, December 2004.

My friend Erica running the Marine Corps Marathon in 2008 with the name of my radio operator on her back.

While the rest of Iraq burned we had a pretty excellent pool party at CPA headquarters in Baghdad. Memorial Day, 2004.

A Bradley stands guard at one of our gates. I once saw an insurgent RPG team attack a Bradley at a checkpoint in daylight. The Bradely’s coaxial machine gun killed them very quickly. I watched it happen with a cup of coffee in my hand.

As a guest at a Bahai summer retreat in FL in July 2015. Although I am an atheist 6 1/2 days of the week it doesn’t mean I stop exploring, stop questioning, stop seeking and stop trying to understand. Isn’t that photo dramatic? ;)

Letting go is not forgetting.

Staff Sergeant Lange briefs his Marines before a patrol to find IEDs on a cold winter day in Haditha, Iraq. I love everyone of those kids. 2006

Getting ready to fly out. I was involved in a deadly helicopter crash in 2006, after that, whenever I flew, I was always one of the last to board and first to get off. Zabul Province, Afghanistan, Summer 2009.

With Karzan at a meeting of generals and governors in Sulimania, Kurdistan, Iraq, April 2005. Note the photo of Talabani and the Kurdish flag.

Gus. RIP my friend.

One of my tattoos. Originally the design was something my friend and engineer in Iraq, Ammar, and I came up with. Based on the idea, in 2004, that we were rebuilding the country. For my tattoo, a decade later, I replaced one of the shovels with an ax and added a drop of blood. It’s more honest that way.

My good friend’s brother’s grave in Arlington.

Teaching soldiers and civilians how we were doing governance and reconstruction operations in 1st Infantry Division’s AO in 2004. We were a model of success for the rest of Iraq, but the success was only on paper. Sure we built and repaired a lot, some of it competently (almost always when we worked through the Iraqi ministry and not Western contractors), but as we spent millions of dollars per week, worked to ensure elections would occur and to create an Iraqi government, the insurgency gained in strength every week.

Share this please.

We drive past a lone Iraqi policeman at his checkpoint. When an Iraqi police man or soldier was posted in the middle of the road, by themselves, we would refer to those positions as suicide posts. Here the Iraqi policeman is not wearing a mask or baclava indicating the area was somewhat controlled and sympathetic to Iraqi government and coalition forces.

Two Iraqi women walk along the Euphrates River in Anbar Province in 2006 or 2007. For most of our time in Anbar this was as close as many civilians would come to us.

Throughout the wars it was forbidden to have an American flag on our vehicles. The reason: because it would make the local people feel occupied. As if that heavy machine gun wasn’t enough to make them feel occupied…

Bradleys and a concrete box to hide in from mortar and rocket fire near the ancient Malawiya temple in Samara.

I wrote a short post on this photo earlier this year: https://matthewhoh.com/2015/02/27/smoke-from-bayji/

In Kunar Province in northeastern Afghanistan a US army captain explains the area to me. Spring 2009. At this point, the US Army was spending $100 million on construction and development projects in this part of the country (the four provinces of Nangahar, Nuristan, Kunar and Laghman, known collectively as N2KL), while USAID was spending an additional $100 million. There was nearly zero coordination between the the two organizations, although representatives on the ground did try and work through issues on a personal level. However, at regional command, Jalalabad, where there was no USAID presence, national command, Kabul, and strategic command, Washington, DC, there was no cooperation between these two organizations that were spending hundreds of millions of taxpayers dollars in this region and billions nationally. The lack of results was to be expected, not just in achieving success on the project level, but success in terms of winning the war. By the way, the fact that I am wearing a blazer, khaki pants and drinking a Sprite, while she has two weapons, is not lost on me.

The Australians remember that war destroys not just the bodies and soul of men, but animals as well. Bless the Australians for such a remembrance. Melbourne, Australia, 2012.

Sadr City in the spring of 2004. Well over a year after our occupation had begun this was the reality of the streets of Baghdad. A reality very distant from the conversations at the Embassy and in Washington.

I can go on for a very long time about Batman. A man challenged by his own society who destroys all around him in a quest for justice and vengeance, slaughtering his soul in a Sisyphean task of trying to reform the past and atone for his own inaction and culpability. Batman, like our desire for a just world, accountability and vengeance, is a heartbreaking tale of self destruction. At its worst it will manifest as a tragic self-immolation of our lives, our minds and our souls, and those belonging to our friends and family, at best it is Adam West riding a miniature elephant.

Don’t ever say our occupation wasn’t classy….

Paying villagers in Zabul Province, Afghanistan for the death of villagers by our Apache helicopters. August 2009. I’m standing, in the blue shirt.

Orange soda and snacks.

A market in Sadr City in either 2004 or 2005.

By all means, let’s make sure we have clean water to swim in. The Iraqis can wait. Also, why won’t the Iraqis just learn English already??? Green Zone, Baghdad, Spring 2004.

Contractors inside the Horsegate, September, 2004, Tikrit, Iraq. They are waiting to be paid, in cash, in amounts varying between a few thousand dollars and millions. This occurred weekly.

Tacos and the beach. Do things like this. Live, try and live, it’s all you can do. You know too many who can’t even do that anymore.

Prior to the Marines’ assault on Fallujah in November 2004, we conducted a campaign against Samarra in October. A shaping operation, the intent was to disrupt insurgent networks prior to the battle in Fallujah, while denying sanctuary to insurgents who would attempt to escape Fallujah. Here a column of fuel tankers awaits entry into Samarra. We did a massive Phase IV post combat reconstruction effort in Samarra intended to connect the local people to their government and convince to support us and not the insurgents. It didn’t work.

My friend Bryan with the Golden Dome mosque of Samarra behind him. Al-Qaeda would destroy the mosque, an important Shia pilgrimage and heritage site, in February 2006.

The 1st Infantry Division Headquarters in Tikrit, Iraq. Named FOB Danger, we were housed in an extremely large compound built by the Baath Party in Tikrit, Iraq. With dozens of palaces and villas, manmade lakes and waterfalls, and a zoo, it was an absurdist realization of a fever dream combining Disneyworld, Las Vegas, and the sets of Elizabeth Taylor’s Cleopatra. The division headquarters, pictured here, was located on the cliff overlooking the Tirgis River where, according to legend, the great Muslim general Salahaddin was born. By the time I left we had a trailer selling Subway sandwiches, a coffee shop where Bangladeshi workers would make you a cappuccino and Zumba classes.

Hello from Oslo. November 2014. Working with fellow activists, many of them courageous and lawbreaking whistleblowers, from four other countries.

We often need to be refreshed. Rumi. 13th century.

My friend Durga. Baghdad 2004. We became friends after I let him use my computer to email his family back in Nepal. Kindness has its rewards. Durga was the Nepalese guard company quarter master. I never suffered without whenever I was in Baghdad after that.

Love and joy. Lost through war and PTSD, renewed through dogs.

I have a fantasy, I have always had it, of walking cross country. With PTSD it becomes a fantasy of escape, and, every now and again, I contemplate it. But I know it is just a means for me to try to run, to try to avoid and that, at some point, it would have to end. When does it end?

The Horsegate, Forward Operating Base Danger, Tikrit, Iraq. 2004/5 Supposedly Saddam’s carriage, pulled by the most beauteous white horses would enter and leave through here. I taught my friend Mazin how to drive in that parking lot.

On the border of Afghanistan and Pakistan in the summer of 2009. Honestly, I might even have been in Pakistan.

JFK memorial in Melbourne, Australia. It’s nice to be overseas and see a monument to the United States representative of something other than fast food.

Bob Herbert’s column of July 9, 2009 had a very deep effect on me when I read it in Zabul Province, Afghanistan that summer. It was an honor to be included in his book.

Afghan elders await a session with Americans and Afghans from Kabul to begin in the summer of 2009. Zabul Province, Afghanistan.

Speaking at the dedication of the Expose Facts’ Daniel Ellsberg billboard outside the US State Department in May 2014.

Young boys and girls in a school in Salah ad Din province in Iraq in 2004 or 2005. Sunni kids. How many are fighting for the Islamic State now?

Iraqi boys wave for the cameras. Taken over a decade ago these boys are young men now. If they have survived, if they are not refugees…I wonder about them. These were Sunni boys. Do they fight for the Islamic State? Most assuredly I believe they do. Our simple and chauvanistic tales and narratives of Manichean sides of good and evil do not withstand such knowledge of the Islamic State’s fighters as joyful youths. These boys weren’t made evil by their people, their faith, their culture, but rather by over a decade of war, suffering, hate, desperation and fear.

With Jess Radack, Tom Drake and Peter van Buren at the National Press Club in Washington, DC. If you don’t know who these folks are, how brave they are and how they have taken on the worst in our government, please google them.

As CPA transitioned to the US Embassy in the spring of 2004 I went north from Baghdad to Tikrit, Saddam Hussein’s home city. Incoming (civilian) and outgoing (mostly military) members of the reconstruction and governance team in Salah ad Din province.

Somewhere some poor bastard has it worse than you. A Marine burns shit in Haditha, Iraq, December 2006.

As a member of the Secretary of the Navy’s office in the summer of 2003.

How I traveled. An armored Land Crusier, my cup of coffee and my trusty AK-47. I’d wear body armor, and if wearing a suit, would put my jacket over the body armor. I’d rarely wear a helmet and I would often have a small pistol in my front right pants pocket with an extra magazine in my left pocket. Sometimes, but not always, I’d have a bag of cash. My program was $50 million dollars. The most I ever had in my possession at one time was $26 million which I kept in my bedroom in two safes.

Dogs in Russia. The basic elements of life, including compassion and suffering, are not restricted by geographical borders or species.

Conducting post combat reconstruction operations in Samarra, October 2004. I had several hundred thousands of dollars in cash, plus several million dollars in contracts to award and restart. The army partnered with the Iraqi ministries to rebuild and renew services to the people. It was classic COIN and it didn’t work. This was over two years prior to General Petraeus and his COINdinistas arriving in Iraq to “win” the war. General Petraeus was in Iraq at this point, leading a failed effort to train Iraqi security forces, allowing open sectarian dominance in those security forces, and losing hundreds of thousands of weapons and millions of pounds of ammunition; all while penning op-eds for the Washington Post, informing Americans how well the war was going in Iraq and not so subtly encouraging them to vote Bush-Cheney in 04.

Tora Bora seen from Jalalabad Airfield in Spring 2005, Northeastern Afghanistan. These were the mountains that bin Laden and his few remaining allies escaped to in 2001. From here he escaped into Pakistan. When I took this photo in 2009 I thought what would have happened if we had got bin Laden in 2001. If we had captured or killed him in those mountains. How different would history be, how different our lives, how many lives would not be devolving in the ground, how many dreams and promises to love ones would have been kept? Over four years after killing bin Laden our wars continue. The same would have occurred in 2001. We were a nation bent on war and once entered into war, by petty men and women devoid of worldly, historical, cultural and religious knowledge, but conditioned to obey the campaign dollars and the public opinion polls., We always surrender our options and free will to the gods of war. The Romans and the Greeks named forces outside of human control as gods. Chief among the gods were Mars (Rome) and Ares (Greece). Such a god still exists as war, a force beyond human manipulation, control or understanding. Ask the dead in Paris, Beirut, the Sinai, Raqaa, Baghdad and Kabul if they disagree.

As if out of central casting, an Afghan village elder hears our latest take on a war he has lived through since the 1970s. Zabul Province, August 2009

Memorial Day party at CPA headquarters, Baghdad, Iraq, May 2004. I had been in Iraq for a few weeks at this point. While Baghdad was hit daily with car bombs we drank Amstel Light.

It’s hard to forget such a face. And with remembering comes wondering.

One of the many palaces and villas built by the Baath Party in Tikrit, Iraq.

A guard stirs the tea he made for me with the cleaning rod from his rifle. Qalat, Zabul Province, Southern Afghanistan, May 2009

My movement from Baghdad to Tikrit in June 2004.

DVDs, all pirated, and some of them porn. As the car bombs were rocking Baghdad and Sunni and Shia uprisings were shaking nearly every city, in spring 2004 I heard CPA senior advisors at a meeting discuss the prevalence of pirated DVDs and the need to respect the interests of Jack Valenti and the motion picture industry. I’m serious. Jerry Bremer could have been Moses, Abe Lincoln and Gandhi rolled into one and he still would have been a failure in Baghdad because of those who populated the CPA.

With my good friend Pete Dominick. Pete I hope you know how much your friendship means to me.

Young Shia boys gather outside their homes in Sadr City, Baghdad in 2004 or 2005. By now these boys are old enough to fill out the ranks of the Shia militias or the Shia dominated Iraqi Army. That is if they were lucky enough to survive the last decade. A decade that has seen nearly one million Iraqi deaths.

Speaking to an American financed Afghan television program are three Americans and one Romanian, translated by an Afghan though. We are telling the Afghan people why it is important for them to vote. August 2009.

When the ambassador shows up in your city you meet him at the landing zone with your corrupt governor, your non Pashto speaking army commander, and your KHAD (communist) trained intelligence chief.

With my good friend Jared. Jared’s sharing of his experiences going through some tough times was of unbelievable help to me as I began my recovery. Thank you Jared. Peace brother.

My friend. I don’t know if he is alive or dead. He liked my ties and kept his pistol in that man-purse.

Commemorating the compassion of a man and his donkey amidst the slaughter, suffering, insanity, and the profound and mean stupidity of the Gallipoli campaign in 2015. Melbourne, Australia.

At the announcement of the Afghanistan Study Group in September 2010 in Washington, DC.

With my good friend and liberty mate Scott Macintyre at Camp Fuji, Japan the winter of 2000.

Brits, Americans and one Iraqi, late summer 2004, enjoying some local Iraqi cuisine.

Heavy equipment from my engineer task force getting ready to drop and berm a city in western Anbar Province, Iraq in November 2006. My task force was composed of nearly 300 Marines, Sailors and Soldiers and 100 pieces of rolling equipment, including nearly 50 pieces of engineer equipment. I was later told I had commanded the largest Marine Corps engineer operation of the Iraq War. Within a few years I would not be able to hold a job for more than a few months at a time.

At an outdoor restaurant in the Green Zone. By 2004 Western staffers were unable to leave the Green Zone, safely, without armed escort, and going to dinner in one of Baghdad’s many restaurants was impossible. Rocket and mortar fire were common in Baghdad, so wearing body armor during a dinner out, in one of the restaurants and bars that existed within the confines of the Green Zone, was often seen as a minor inconvenience.

Speaking at a Washington, DC showing of Jeremy Scahill’s Dirty Wars in May 2013.

With Dylan Ratigan on MSNBC in December 2011 discussing the removal of the American forces from Iraq. My anger was at its peak. I remember struggling to maintain my composure as I asked Dylan who would be held responsible for the war, when we as a people would have the courage to face the wrongs, honor the dead and take on the villains. At this point breakdowns were occurring daily, my relationship was in pieces and the numbing narcosis of alcohol was the only thing keeping me alive.

Drinking and eating at the Green Zone Cafe in Baghdad in September 2004, obviously before the suicide bomber hit it.

Marrying my friends Dan and Marsha May 2013 in Maryland. Dan, a Naval officer, would shortly deploy. I can’t say I am prouder of anything more than the Marines I led in Iraq, but in terms of the best things I have done in my life, marrying my friends Dan and Marsha, and Bryce and Casey, are it.

That’s the capitalist spirit Kurdistan! Sulamania, Iraq, 2005.

My route clearance team. Anbar Province, Iraq, 2007. Their job was to drive the roads looking for IEDs. The two burst bombs on the side of the Buffalo indicate that the Buffalo was hit twice, I believe it was hit again after this photo. Other vehicles were hit far more often. I don’t believe any of these Marines were screened for traumatic brain injuries upon our return to the US even though some of them were in at least 7 or 8 IED strikes on their vehicles. I believe I personally was in about 10 convoys and patrols that were hit with IEDs, although, somehow, my vehicle was never hit, just those in front and behind me. Whether that was due to Fortune or dumb luck I don’t know. Not to be outdone, the other Marines in my company searched for IEDs and weapons caches with handheld mine detectors on foot. All of us, on multiple occasions, would dismount our vehicles and walk on foot in front of the vehicles looking for mines and IEDs, at night we would do it with flashlights.

With my good friend Pat, a former Army Ranger. This was the night before I made my first attempt at sobriety. The bar at the top of the W Hotel in Washington, DC overlooking the Treasury Building and the White House, January 31, 2012. The next day I would appear on Hardball with Chris Matthews on MSNBC afraid I would vomit on the set and desperate for an end to it all. Knowing hundreds of thousands of people were watching I decided I couldn’t take my own life and going on as I was was just too painful. I’m still alive.

In Norway.

Malaysia in 2001 with Frank, Bez and some Malaysian paratrooper friends. We got to go places that rich people pay thousands and thousands of dollars to visit.

Sulamania in Kurdistan. Unlike the rest of Iraq is so, so many ways.

When I started speaking publicly against the Afghan War, nearly five years before this interview, I couldn’t have imagined we would be debating war in Iraq again. September, 2014

Visiting Samarra to inspect post-combat reconstruction efforts, either October or November 2004. Note the camera in my left hand. Myself, US Army and Iraqi engineers would diligently photograph our work to document progress, account for expenditures, and illustrate/illuminate a victory narrative for the American command in Baghdad and politicians in Washington, DC. Of course, pictures will not explain the fear, anger and desperation of a people that feel usurped, occupied, displaced and living under existential threat from foreigners, religious extremists, and rivals within their own society, such as the Shia dominated government.

My friend Bryan and a translator confer with a local Iraqi as we conduct post-combat reconstruction efforts in Samarra, a city, 11 years later, that is still a bloody battleground. The man in the suit is dead. The man next to him was once kidnapped and threatened with beheading. Bryan and I had decided to use money we controlled to ransom him, however he was released. Whether he was actually kidnapped is something I could never completely determine, such were the alliances and personalities that existed in the midst of guerrilla and civil war, corruption, and collapse. The boy with the soccer ball…he would be in his twenties now, is he alive, a refugee, an amputee? PTSD, nightmare, depression, chronic health problems most definitely. Does he fight for the Islamic State now out of necessity, survival, hatred, faith…I don’t know, but I would guess, yes, it is very possible he does.

Our single largest one time payout was $1.16 million in October, 2004. Our man calmly put it his briefcase and walked out into Tikrit.

Thanksgiving aboard FOB Danger, November 2004.

The middle of the day sometime in 2005 in Tikrit. Smoke from the constant oil pipeline fires. In the spring the insurgents would seemingly detonate a pipeline nearly every morning, so much that the detonation, from over 20km away, would often serve as my alarm clock.

Paul Bremer transitions the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sport to Iraqi control in June 2004. The various ministries had been divvied up to various Iraqi political groups. In this case, the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI) whose militia, the Badr Corps, fought against many of my friends. With Bremer’s transfer of the ministry went nearly $20 million in cash, directly to SCIRI. $20 million bought a lot of AKs, RPGs and explosives in the summer of 2004…

Courage can be contagious.

War Resisters League. Photo from a Vice News interview I did while in London in November 2014.

At the Sulimania Palace Hotel in Kurdistan, January 2005 with my Kurdish engineer and friend Karzan. The Palace Hotel in Kurdistan was a mainstay for Westerners and foreigners in Sulimania. Able to drink beer in the hotel restaurant, use wi-fi and watch Seinfeld (subtitled in Kurdish) the dissonance in the realities of Iraq could be overwhelming. The Palace was the scene of a modern Great Game, with Americans, Brits, Russians, Turks, Chinese, Koreans and others filling the rooms. Many of them were oil and gas representatives, others were intelligence officers, and some were both.

The majority of Marines and Sailors I led waiting for the flight to take us home at Al Asad Airbase, Anbar Province, Iraq. About 20 of my Marines and Sailors had to remain in Anbar for a few extra weeks. That still bothers me. April 2007.