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The presence of large quantities of unreabsorbed solutes in the renal tubules causes...

an increase in urine volume called osmotic diuresis.
Solutes that are not reabsorbed in the proximal tubules exert an appreciable osmotic effect as the volume of tubular fluid decreases and their concentration rises.

What can produce osmotic diuresis?

It can be produced by the administration of compounds such as mannitol and related polysaccharides that are filtered but not reabsorbed.

Is diabetes mellitus considered an osmotic diuresis disease?

Yes. The glucose that remains in the tubules when the filtered load exceeds the TmG causes polyuria. It can also be produced by large infusions of NaCl or urea.

As the load of excreted solute is increased, the concentration of the urine approaches that of plasma. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE.

A reduction in GFR such as that caused by dehydration produces a decrease in the volume of fluid presented to the countercurrent mechanism. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE. The rate of flow in the loops declines and the urine becomes more concentrated.

The cells of the PCT and DCTs, like the cells of the gastric glands, secretw H+ ions. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE.

What is the reaction that is primarily responsible for H+ secretion in the PCT?