This study examined the accuracy that produced using various types and combinations of landslide-related factors from landslide susceptibility index maps. A database of landslide-related factors was adopted by the landslide locations that obtained from aerial photographs, and the topographic factors that derived from airborne LiDAR observations and digital maps, and various soil, forest, and land cover. Landslide susceptibility index maps were calculated by logistic regression and frequency ratio from the landslide susceptibility index. The correlation between airborne LiDAR data and digital map was shown strong similarities with one another. Landslide susceptibility index maps indicated the existence of a strong correlation and high prediction accuracy, especially when the frequency ratio and airborne LiDAR were used. Therefore, we concluded that the Airborne LiDAR will contribute to the development of effective landslide prediction methods and damage reduction measures.

Recently, the direct georeferencing has been becoming a common method in the aerial photogrammetry. As this direct georeferencing method using converged sensor of the digital photogrammetry camera and GPS(Global Positioning System)/INS(Inertial navaigation System), more rapid and accurate aerial photogrammetry has improved following advanced performance in photogrammetry. Since the accuracy of EO parameters from the direct georeferencing is determined by GPS/INS accuracy, it is significant to calculate the exact attitude information using values of INS rotations. For following calculations, the misalignment, such as INS rotation and the gap of GPS/INS, has to be decided. Because the number of ground control points are used for tirangulation and boresight calibration, those results should be different according to array and location of ground control points. In the study, those location and array of ground control points were tested to be used boresight calibration. As a result, there is no significant change of misalignment and exterior orienation parameters in the case when ground control points were at all course. On the contrarily, the difference has been shown in the case of no ground control point at course.

This paper evaluated the possibility for 1/5,000 digital topographic mapping by using PLEIADES images of 0.5m GSD(Ground Sampling Distance) resolution that has recently launched. Those results of check points by applying the initial RPC(Rational Polynomial Coefficient) of PLEIADES images came out as; RMSE of those were $X

The data of buildings and structures take over large portions of the mapping database with large numbers. Furthermore, those shapes and attributes of building data continuously change over time. Due to those factors, the efficient methodology of updating database for following the most recent data become necessarily. This study has purposed on extracting needed data, which has been changed, by using overlaying analysis of new and old dataset, during updating processes. Following to procedures, we firstly searched for matching pairs of objects from each dataset, and defined the classification algorithm for building updating cases by comparing; those of shape updating cases are divided into 8 cases, while those of attribute updating cases are divided into 4 cases. Also, two updated dataset are set to be automatically saved. For the study, we selected few guidelines; the layer of digital topographic map 1:5000 for the targeted updating data, the building layer of Korea Address Information System map for the reference data, as well as build-up areas in Gwanak-gu, Seoul for the test area. The result of study updated 82.1% in shape and 34.5% in attribute building objects among all.

The accurate geo-referencing processes that apply ground control points is prerequisite for effective end use of HRSI (High-resolution satellite imagery). Since the conventional control point acquisition by human operator takes long time, demands for the automated matching to existing reference data has been increasing its popularity. Among many options of reference data, the airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data shows high potential due to its high spatial resolution and vertical accuracy. Additionally, it is in the form of 3-dimensional point cloud free from the relief displacement. Recently, a new matching method between LiDAR data and HRSI was proposed that is based on the image projection of whole LiDAR data into HRSI domain, however, importing and processing the large amount of LiDAR data considered as time-consuming. Therefore, we wmotivated to ere propose a local LiDAR chip generation for the HRSI geo-referencing. In the procedure, a LiDAR point cloud was rasterized into an ortho image with the digital elevation model. After then, we selected local areas, which of containing meaningful amount of edge information to create LiDAR chips of small data size. We tested the LiDAR chips for fully-automated geo-referencing with Kompsat-2 and Kompsat-3 data. Finally, the experimental results showed one-pixel level of mean accuracy.

To improve thermal environments in urban area, the structural characteristic analysis of thermal environments of the certain area should be preceded to analyze and supplement its problems. With Landsat-8, we measured the centrality estimation, the distribution map, and the spatial statistical analysis of Daegu Metropolitan City in January and August, which of data applied in analyzing the structure of thermal environments following to its spatial property. The thermal infrared band of satellite images has been used to analyze the standard normal deviated scores, which extract the centrality, while the cluster map, based upon Local Local Moran`s I, has composed for understanding the autocorrelation of local spatial within environment space structure. Understanding the distribution features as well as the pivot center of thermal environments with satellite images provides principle database for updating urban thermal environments` policies and plans; because those are reference materials that should have precedence over for diverse thermal environment policies.

The main goal of this study is on developing a proper brand-new data of national base map and Data Based(DB) model for new information technology environments. To achieve this goal, we generated a brand-new Hybrid spatial information model which is specialized in the spatio-temporal map structure, the framework map for information integration, and the multiple-layered topology structure. The DB structure was designed to reflect the change of objections by adding a new dimension of `time` in the spartial information, while the infrastructure was able to connect/converge with other information by giving the unique ID and multi-scale fusion map structure. Furthermore, the topology and multi visualization structure, including indoor and basement information, were designed to overcome limitations of expressing in 2 dimension map. The result from the performance test, which was based on the Hybrid spatial information model, confirms the possibility in advanced national base map and conducted DB model through implementing various information and spatiotemporal connections.

The correlation between regional Walkability Index and their physical socio-economic characteristics has evaluated by the spatial statistical analysis to understand the urban pedestrian environments, where has been emerging the significance, recently. Following to the study, the Walkability Indexes were calculated quantitatively from two administrative districts of Busan and measured Global Local spatial autocorrelation indices. Additionally, the Geographically Weighted Regression model was applied to define the correlation between Walkability Indexes and urban environmental variables. The spatial autocorrelation values and clusters on the Walkability Indexes were derived in statistically significant level. Furthermore, the Geographically Weighted Regression model has been derived more improved inference than the OLS regression model, so as the influence of local level pedestrian environment was identified. The results of this study suggest that the spatial statistical approach can be effective on quantitative assessing the pedestrian environment and navigating their associated factors.

The study has planned to analyze the most typical specification validation in Korea and the other countries, which shows the well-formed and schema validation, in purpose to enhance users` conveniences. Also, we suggested the validation system to provide the information compatibility regarding to application programs for non-expert. The featured KML specification supported by the VWorld 3D Desktop and the Google Earth. Based on this above estimation, the system has been designed to inform potential problems and the applicability in 3D Desktop and Google Earth for the user. The KML information passed through the proposed validation is simply expressed on the map, so as instructed the information on the program selection and additional details instruct users as a text file. When not being suitable for the proposed program, another program can be considered, and the problems which may be occurred are also announced to increase the compatibility of KML.

Most space-borne optical scanning systems adopt linear arrayconfigurations. The well-knownthree different types of space-borne sensors arealong-track line scanner, across-track linescanner, and three line scanner. To acquire accurate location information of an object on the ground withthose sensors, the exterior and interior orientation parameters are critical factors for both of space-borne and airborne missions. Since the imaging geometry of sensors mightchange time to time due to thermal influence, vibration, and wind, it is very important to analyze the Interior Orientation Parameters (IOP) effects on the ground. The experiments based on synthetic datasets arecarried out while the focal length biases are changing. Also, both high and low altitudes of the imagingsensor were applied. In case with the along-track line scanner, the focal length bias caused errors along the scanline direction. In the other case with the across-track one, the focal length bias caused errors alongthe scan line and vertical directions. Lastly, vertical errors were observed in the case ofthree-line scanner. Those results from this study will be able to provide the guideline for developing new linearsensors, so as for improving the accuracy of laboratory or in-flight sensor calibrations.