Flegrei Fields Park-Naples

Flegrei Fields Park-Naples

The park of Campi Flegrei is located in a vast area north-west of Naples.
Peculiar is the fact that it extends behind densely populated areas of a part of the city of Naples, the towns of Pozzuoli, Bacoli and Monte di Procida.
This aspect would seem to contradict the function of the park which by its institutional and operational derivation has the raison d'être in natural environments to be protected and safeguarded.

But this contradiction is only apparent because the territory of the park, by geomorphology and by stratification, strongly characterized by the volcanic nature, if on the one hand frightens man, on the other is to be preserved and protect to be source of wealth Extraordinary and unrepeatable having designed a beautiful natural territory for scenic beauty, fertile in its volcanic soils shining with vines unique in the world and safe in its numerous and precious landings offered to lovers of the sea.
This territory is singular for the biodiversity linked to very diversified ecosystems that the agricultural and maritime activities respectfully connected to it have been able to preserve over the centuries.
The territory is the expression of a volcanic system that has numerous eruptive mouths, some of which are still active, responsible for continuous changes in the morphology of the territory that together with the phenomenon of bradyseism, determine, cyclically, Ground level variations.
All this, represents a terribly fascinating geomorphological phenomenon in evoking the breath of a land that wants to keep vigilant and attentive those who entrust its fate, but from which it is often not respected for irreverent behavior.
This strong and at the same time fascinating nature is the matrix of a landscape enriched by the presence of different and interesting, from the ecological point of view, the lake formations, some of them are of volcanic origin, like the Lago of Avere and the smaller Lake Lucrino, of Brackish nature.

Of lagoon origin instead are the brackish lake and molten Lake, on the western side of the park.
These aquifers represent a landing place for sedentary and migratory avifauna, but also a unique ecosystem for the complex interaction between them, the earth and the surrounding sea that presents a variegated fauna and a typically Mediterranean flora, where still You can meet the fireflies, and where among butterflies and insects very different, fascinates the flight of birds of prey that coexist harmoniously with waterfowl and sea gulls of the Mediterranean.

The park also includes a precious dune system that, starting from the base of the promontory of Cuma, develops along the protected coast on the ground from forests of Holm oaks and that represents the ideal landing for the spawning of sea turtles.
On the coastal side, included in the protected area, the tuffaceous cliffs of Monte di Procida make the scenario unique to the testimony of recurring eruptive cycles of explosive type Ultramillenari that make these real ribs "geological monuments", to The presence of marine areas that are also protected.

Among the most famous volcanic formations in the world in the territory of Pozzuoli is the Solfatara, elliptical ellipsoidal crater still active, whose fumaroles give rise to phenomena of continuous emissions of vapours and sulphurous fumes.
The volcanic complex of the Gauro, with its three peaks, is the highest of the Flegrei fields, while the crater of the Astros represents a particular ecosystem for the phenomenon of the inversion vegetational inside.
Interesting evidence of the never dormant eruptive force of the Phlegraean volcanic system is represented by the new mount, for its origins.
In fact it is a small volcano of 140 m originated in a single night by an eruption of 1538, today is a naturalistic oasis.
The traveler who meets these places will be in the presence of a natural world that has been and is a source of culture, full of evocations and suggestions literary, pictorial, theatrical, but also of fascinating folk stories where men, peasants, sailors or Fishermen leave this territory as a treasure.
To love, to protect, to safeguard, to use, respecting and valorizing, with sustainable actions to make it more and more a rich heritage to love.
The park authority is only the instrument made available to all those who care about the future history of the "Phlegraean World".

BRAIDISISMO
The signs of the sea level left on the Roman ruins of the Serapeum (pictured in the years 60) in Pozzuoli, indicate the unequivocal movement of the area. These slow soil movements are called "bradyseism", from the Greek Bradi (slow) and Sismo (movement).
The soil movement, begun to be studied from 1800, downwards continued until 1968 and then reversed.
The two most recent episodes of raising that have affected Pozzuoli date back to periods 1970-72 and 1982-84 which produced a lifting (calculated from the previous leveling) respectively of 170 cm and 182 cm at the maximum deformation point.
The circular geometrical shape of the lifting is the same as that of the lowering observed until 1968, which centered on Pozzuoli, has a regular decrease of the deformation towards the margins of the caldera.
The rise of 1970-72 was subsequently reduced by about 20 cm and, similarly, about 70 cm of deflation (still in progress) occurred after 1984.

The downward movement observed until 1968 is thought to be due to the compaction of the pyroclastic products that fill the bottom of the calderic trough and, in this sense, represent a normal dynamic of the area.
On the contrary, the sudden episodes of elevation are to be considered anomalous events related to the movement of the magma underlying the caldera.
In the spring of 1983, in conjunction with the lifting, a seismic crisis began. Mainly located in the coastal region around Pozzuoli. Only a few deeper were in the Gulf area and no earthquake was located outside the Flegrei fields. The Ipocentri were located at a depth varying from a few hundred meters up to five kilometers. The maximum recorded magnitude was 4 (Richter scale) and the highest energy events were those that occurred at the faults bordering the caldera.
The caldera of the Campi Flegrei, including the sites of Baia and Gaius, is the first area in the world where the phenomenon of bradyseism has been analyzed and described in depth and this helps to justify its UNESCO candidacy in the course of evaluation.

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