An engine is coupled to an input member of a hybrid transmission, the hybrid transmission operative to transfer power between the engine and a second torque machine and an output member. A method for controlling the engine includes monitoring an operator torque request, commanding operation of the hybrid...http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US20090118932?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20090118932 - Engine control system for torque management in a hybrid powertrain system

Engine control system for torque management in a hybrid powertrain systemUS 20090118932 A1

Abstract

An engine is coupled to an input member of a hybrid transmission, the hybrid transmission operative to transfer power between the engine and a second torque machine and an output member. A method for controlling the engine includes monitoring an operator torque request, commanding operation of the hybrid transmission in a continuously variable operating range state, determining engine commands comprising a first engine torque request and a second engine torque request based upon the operator torque request and the operation of the hybrid transmission, determining an engine torque constraint comprising a maximum engine torque based upon a capacity of the hybrid transmission to react the engine torque, and controlling engine operation based upon the first engine torque request only when the second engine torque request exceeds the engine torque constraint.

Images(8)

Claims(18)

1. Method for controlling an engine coupled to an input member of a hybrid transmission, the hybrid transmission operative to transfer power between the engine and a second torque machine and an output member, the method comprising:

monitoring an operator torque request;

commanding operation of the hybrid transmission in a continuously variable operating range state;

determining engine commands comprising a first engine torque request and a second engine torque request based upon the operator torque request and the operation of the hybrid transmission;

determining an engine torque constraint comprising a maximum engine torque based upon a capacity of the hybrid transmission to react the engine torque; and

controlling engine operation based upon the first engine torque request only when the second engine torque request exceeds the engine torque constraint.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling the engine operation based upon the second engine torque request when the second engine torque request is less than the engine torque constraint.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

monitoring an acceleration rate of the input member; and

determining the maximum engine torque based upon the acceleration rate of the input member and the capacity of the hybrid transmission to react the engine torque.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling engine spark advance timing to achieve the first torque request when the second engine torque request exceeds the engine torque constraint.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling engine fuel injection timing to achieve the first torque request when the second engine torque request exceeds the engine torque constraint.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second engine torque request comprises a preferred engine torque determined based upon engine operation.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising limiting the capacity of the hybrid transmission to react the engine torque input based upon a reactive torque limit across an applied clutch of the hybrid transmission.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising determining the capacity of the hybrid transmission to react the engine torque input based upon power limits of the second power generating device.

9. The method of claim 1, comprising

monitoring operator inputs to an accelerator pedal and a brake pedal;

determining an immediate accelerator output torque and a net immediate output torque based upon the operator inputs to the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal; and

determining the engine torque constraints comprising the maximum engine torque based upon the immediate accelerator output torque and a net immediate output torque.

10. The method of claim 1, comprising

monitoring operator inputs to an accelerator pedal and a brake pedal;

determining a predicted accelerator output torque and a net predicted output torque based upon the operator inputs to the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal; and

determining the first engine torque request and the second engine torque request based upon the predicted accelerator output torque and a net predicted output torque.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining an engine response type based upon the first and the second engine torque requests and the engine torque constraint comprising the maximum engine torque;

setting the engine response type to an active response only when the second engine torque request is outside the engine torque constraint; and

controlling the engine operation based upon the first engine torque request only when the engine response type is an active response.

12. Method for controlling an engine coupled to an input member of a hybrid transmission, the hybrid transmission operative to transfer power between the input member and a second torque machine and an output member, the hybrid transmission selectively operative in one of a plurality of fixed gear and continuously variable operating range states, the method comprising:

monitoring an operator torque request;

commanding a shift from a first fixed gear to a second fixed gear;

shifting operation of the hybrid transmission to a continuously variable operating range state and determining a preferred acceleration rate for the input member;

determining maximum and minimum input torque constraints to the hybrid transmission based upon a preferred acceleration rate for the input member;

determining maximum and minimum engine torque constraints based upon the maximum and minimum input torque constraints;

determining engine commands comprising a first engine torque request and a second engine torque request based upon the operator torque request; and

controlling engine operation based upon the first engine torque request only when the second engine torque request violates one of the maximum and minimum engine torque constraints.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining the maximum and minimum input torque constraints to the hybrid transmission based upon a preferred acceleration rate for the input member and a capacity of the hybrid transmission to react the input torque.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

connecting the second torque machine to an energy storage device; and

determining the capacity of the transmission to react the input torque based upon power limits of the energy storage device connected to the second torque machine.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the capacity of the transmission device to react the input torque based upon limitations of reactive torque across an applied clutch of the transmission device.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising controlling the second torque machine to generate power storable in the energy storage device based upon the first engine torque request.

17. The method of claim 12, further comprising selecting a preferred engine state comprising one of a full fuel state and a fuel cutoff state and one of an all-cylinder state and a cylinder deactivation state.

18. Method for controlling a powertrain system comprising an engine coupled to an input member of a hybrid transmission, the hybrid transmission operative to transfer power between the input member and first and second torque machines and an output member, the first and second torque machines connected to an energy storage device and the hybrid transmission selectively operative in one of a plurality of operating range states, the method comprising:

commanding a shift in the hybrid transmission to a continuously variable operating range state;

determining a preferred acceleration rate for the input member;

determining maximum and minimum input torque constraints to the hybrid transmission based upon a preferred acceleration rate for the input member;

determining maximum and minimum engine torque constraints based upon the maximum and minimum input torque constraints;

determining engine commands comprising a first engine torque request and a second engine torque request based upon the operator torque request;

controlling operation of the engine based upon the first engine torque request only when the second engine torque request violates the maximum and minimum engine torque constraints; and

controlling operation of the first and second torque machines to generate power storable in the energy storage device based upon the preferred acceleration rate for the input member.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001]

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/985,255, filed on Nov. 4, 2007 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002]

This disclosure pertains to control systems for hybrid powertrain systems.

BACKGROUND

[0003]

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

[0004]

Known hybrid powertrain architectures can include multiple torque-generative devices, including internal combustion engines and non-combustion torque machines, e.g., electric machines, which transmit torque through a transmission device to an output member. One exemplary hybrid powertrain includes a two-mode, compound-split, electromechanical transmission which utilizes an input member for receiving tractive torque from a prime mover power source, preferably an internal combustion engine, and an output member. The output member can be operatively connected to a driveline for a motor vehicle for transmitting tractive torque thereto. Machines, operative as motors or generators, can generate torque inputs to the transmission independently of a torque input from the internal combustion engine. The Machines may transform vehicle kinetic energy transmitted through the vehicle driveline to energy that is storable in an energy storage device. A control system monitors various inputs from the vehicle and the operator and provides operational control of the hybrid powertrain, including controlling transmission operating state and gear shifting, controlling the torque-generative devices, and regulating the power interchange among the energy storage device and the machines to manage outputs of the transmission, including torque and rotational speed.

SUMMARY

[0005]

An engine is coupled to an input member of a hybrid transmission, the hybrid transmission operative to transfer power between the engine and a second torque machine and an output member. A method for controlling the engine includes monitoring an operator torque request, commanding operation of the hybrid transmission in a continuously variable operating range state, determining engine commands comprising a first engine torque request and a second engine torque request based upon the operator torque request and the operation of the hybrid transmission, determining an engine torque constraint comprising a maximum engine torque based upon a capacity of the hybrid transmission to react the engine torque, and controlling engine operation based upon the first engine torque request only when the second engine torque request exceeds the engine torque constraint.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006]

One or more embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0007]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary hybrid powertrain, in accordance with the present disclosure;

[0008]

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary architecture for a control system and hybrid powertrain, in accordance with the present disclosure;

[0009]

FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic flow diagrams of a control scheme, in accordance with the present disclosure; and

[0010]

FIGS. 5 and 6 are datagraphs, in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011]

Referring now to the drawings, wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating certain exemplary embodiments only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, FIGS. 1 and 2 depict an exemplary hybrid powertrain. The exemplary hybrid powertrain in accordance with the present disclosure is depicted in FIG. 1, comprising a two-mode, compound-split, electromechanical hybrid transmission 10 operatively connected to an engine 14 and torque machines comprising first and second electric machines (‘MG-A’) 56 and (‘MG-B’) 72. The engine 14 and the torque machines, e.g., the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, each generate power which can be transferred to the transmission 10. The power generated by the engine 14 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 and transferred to the transmission 10 is described in terms of input and motor torques, referred to herein as TI, TA, and TB respectively, and speed, referred to herein as NI, NA, and NB, respectively.

[0012]

The exemplary engine 14 comprises a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine selectively operative in several states to transfer torque to the transmission 10 via an input shaft 12, and can be either a spark-ignition or a compression-ignition engine. The engine 14 includes a crankshaft (not shown) operatively coupled to the input shaft 12 of the transmission 10. A rotational speed sensor 11 monitors rotational speed of the input shaft 12. Power output from the engine 14, comprising rotational speed and engine torque, can differ from the input speed NI and the input torque TI to the transmission 10 due to placement of torque-consuming components on the input shaft 12 between the engine 14 and the transmission 10, e.g., a hydraulic pump (not shown) and/or a torque management device (not shown).

[0013]

The exemplary transmission 10 comprises three planetary-gear sets 24, 26 and 28, and four selectively engageable torque-transferring devices, i.e., clutches C170, C262, C373, and C475. As used herein, clutches refer to any type of friction torque transfer device including single or compound plate clutches or packs, band clutches, and brakes, for example. A hydraulic control circuit 42, preferably controlled by a transmission control module (hereafter ‘TCM’) 17, is operative to control clutch states. Clutches C262 and C475 preferably comprise hydraulically-applied rotating friction clutches. Clutches C170 and C373 preferably comprise hydraulically-controlled stationary devices that can be selectively grounded to a transmission case 68. Each of the clutches C170, C262, C373, and C475 is preferably hydraulically applied, selectively receiving pressurized hydraulic fluid via the hydraulic control circuit 42.

[0014]

The first and second electric machines 56 and 72 preferably comprise three-phase AC machines, each including a stator (not shown) and a rotor (not shown), and respective resolvers 80 and 82. The motor stator for each machine is grounded to an outer portion of the transmission case 68, and includes a stator core with coiled electrical windings extending therefrom. The rotor for the first electric machine 56 is supported on a hub plate gear that is operatively attached to shaft 60 via the second planetary gear set 26. The rotor for the second electric machine 72 is fixedly attached to a sleeve shaft hub 66.

[0015]

Each of the resolvers 80 and 82 preferably comprises a variable reluctance device including a resolver stator (not shown) and a resolver rotor (not shown). The resolvers 80 and 82 are appropriately positioned and assembled on respective ones of the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. Stators of respective ones of the resolvers 80 and 82 are operatively connected to one of the stators for the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The resolver rotors are operatively connected to the rotor for the corresponding first and second electric machines 56 and 72. Each of the resolvers 80 and 82 is signally and operatively connected to a transmission power inverter control module (hereafter ‘TPIM’) 19, and each senses and monitors rotational position of the resolver rotor relative to the resolver stator, thus monitoring rotational position of respective ones of first and second electric machines 56 and 72. Additionally, the signals output from the resolvers 80 and 82 are interpreted to provide the rotational speeds for first and second electric machines 56 and 72, i.e., NA and NB, respectively.

[0016]

The transmission 10 includes an output member 64, e.g. a shaft, which is operably connected to a driveline 90 for a vehicle (not shown), to provide output power to the driveline 90 that is transferred to vehicle wheels 93, one of which is shown in FIG. 1. The output power at the output member 64 is characterized in terms of an output rotational speed NO and an output torque TO. A transmission output speed sensor 84 monitors rotational speed and rotational direction of the output member 64. Each of the vehicle wheels 93 is preferably equipped with a sensor 94 adapted to monitor wheel speed, the output of which is monitored by a control module of a distributed control module system described with respect to FIG. 2, to determine vehicle speed, and absolute and relative wheel speeds for braking control, traction control, and vehicle acceleration management.

[0017]

The input torque from the engine 14 and the motor torques from the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 (TI, TA, and TB respectively) are generated as a result of energy conversion from fuel or electrical potential stored in an electrical energy storage device (hereafter ‘ESD’) 74. The ESD 74 is high voltage DC-coupled to the TPIM 19 via DC transfer conductors 27. The transfer conductors 27 include a contactor switch 38. When the contactor switch 38 is closed, under normal operation, electric current can flow between the ESD 74 and the TPIM 19. When the contactor switch 38 is opened electric current flow between the ESD 74 and the TPIM 19 is interrupted. The TPIM 19 transmits electrical power to and from the first electric machine 56 by transfer conductors 29, and the TPIM 19 similarly transmits electrical power to and from the second electric machine 72 by transfer conductors 31 to meet the torque commands for the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 in response to the motor torques TA and TB. Electrical current is transmitted to and from the ESD 74 in accordance with whether the ESD 74 is being charged or discharged.

[0018]

The TPIM 19 includes the pair of power inverters (not shown) and respective motor control modules (not shown) configured to receive the torque commands and control inverter states therefrom for providing motor drive or regeneration functionality to meet the commanded motor torques TA and TB. The power inverters comprise known complementary three-phase power electronics devices, and each includes a plurality of insulated gate bipolar transistors (not shown) for converting DC power from the ESD 74 to AC power for powering respective ones of the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, by switching at high frequencies. The insulated gate bipolar transistors form a switch mode power supply configured to receive control commands. There is typically one pair of insulated gate bipolar transistors for each phase of each of the three-phase electric machines. States of the insulated gate bipolar transistors are controlled to provide motor drive mechanical power generation or electric power regeneration functionality. The three-phase inverters receive or supply DC electric power via DC transfer conductors 27 and transform it to or from three-phase AC power, which is conducted to or from the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 for operation as motors or generators via transfer conductors 29 and 31 respectively.

[0019]

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the distributed control module system. The elements described hereinafter comprise a subset of an overall vehicle control architecture, and provide coordinated system control of the exemplary hybrid powertrain described in FIG. 1. The distributed control module system synthesizes pertinent information and inputs, and executes algorithms to control various actuators to meet control objectives, including objectives related to fuel economy, emissions, performance, drivability, and protection of hardware, including batteries of ESD 74 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The distributed control module system includes an engine control module (hereafter ‘ECM’) 23, the TCM 17, a battery pack control module (hereafter ‘BPCM’) 21, and the TPIM 19. A hybrid control module (hereafter ‘HCP’) 5 provides supervisory control and coordination of the ECM 23, the TCM 17, the BPCM 21, and the TPIM 19. A user interface (‘UI’) 13 is operatively connected to a plurality of devices through which a vehicle operator controls or directs operation of the electromechanical hybrid powertrain. The devices include an accelerator pedal 113 (‘AP’), an operator brake pedal 112 (‘BP’), a transmission gear selector 114 (‘PRNDL’), and a vehicle speed cruise control (not shown). The transmission gear selector 114 may have a discrete number of operator-selectable positions, including the rotational direction of the output member 64 to enable one of a forward and a reverse direction.

[0020]

The aforementioned control modules communicate with other control modules, sensors, and actuators via a local area network (hereafter ‘LAN’) bus 6. The LAN bus 6 allows for structured communication of states of operating parameters and actuator command signals between the various control modules. The specific communication protocol utilized is application-specific. The LAN bus 6 and appropriate protocols provide for robust messaging and multi-control module interfacing between the aforementioned control modules, and other control modules providing functionality including e.g., antilock braking, traction control, and vehicle stability. Multiple communications buses may be used to improve communications speed and provide some level of signal redundancy and integrity. Communication between individual control modules can also be effected using a direct link, e.g., a serial peripheral interface (‘SPI’) bus (not shown).

[0021]

The HCP 5 provides supervisory control of the hybrid powertrain, serving to coordinate operation of the ECM 23, TCM 17, TPIM 19, and BPCM 21. Based upon various input signals from the user interface 13 and the hybrid powertrain, including the ESD 74, the HCP 5 determines an operator torque request, an output torque command, an engine input torque command, clutch torque(s) for the applied torque-transfer clutches C170, C262, C373, C475 of the transmission 10, and the motor torques TA and TB for the first and second electric machines 56 and 72.

[0022]

The ECM 23 is operatively connected to the engine 14, and functions to acquire data from sensors and control actuators of the engine 14 over a plurality of discrete lines, shown for simplicity as an aggregate bi-directional interface cable 35. The ECM 23 receives the engine input torque command from the HCP 5. The ECM 23 determines the actual engine input torque, TI, provided to the transmission 10 at that point in time based upon monitored engine speed and load, which is communicated to the HCP 5. The ECM 23 monitors input from the rotational speed sensor 11 to determine the engine input speed to the input shaft 12, which translates to the transmission input speed, NI. The ECM 23 monitors inputs from sensors (not shown) to determine states of other engine operating parameters including, e.g., a manifold pressure, engine coolant temperature, ambient air temperature, and ambient pressure. The engine load can be determined, for example, from the manifold pressure, or alternatively, from monitoring operator input to the accelerator pedal 113. The ECM 23 generates and communicates command signals to control engine actuators, including, e.g., fuel injectors, ignition modules, and throttle control modules, none of which are shown.

[0023]

The TCM 17 is operatively connected to the transmission 10 and monitors inputs from sensors (not shown) to determine states of transmission operating parameters. The TCM 17 generates and communicates command signals to control the transmission 10, including controlling the hydraulic control circuit 42. Inputs from the TCM 17 to the HCP 5 include estimated clutch torques for each of the clutches, i.e., C170, C262, C373, and C475, and rotational output speed, NO, of the output member 64. Other actuators and sensors may be used to provide additional information from the TCM 17 to the HCP 5 for control purposes. The TCM 17 monitors inputs from pressure switches (not shown) and selectively actuates pressure control solenoids (not shown) and shift solenoids (not shown) of the hydraulic control circuit 42 to selectively actuate the various clutches C170, C262, C373, and C475 to achieve various transmission operating range states, as described hereinbelow.

[0024]

The BPCM 21 is signally connected to sensors (not shown) to monitor the ESD 74, including states of electrical current and voltage parameters, to provide information indicative of parametric states of the batteries of the ESD 74 to the HCP 5. The parametric states of the batteries preferably include battery state-of-charge, battery voltage, battery temperature, and available battery power, referred to as a range PBAT—MIN to PBAT—MAX.

[0025]

A brake control module (hereafter ‘BrCM’) 22 is operatively connected to friction brakes (not shown) on each of the vehicle wheels 93. The BrCM 22 monitors the operator input to the brake pedal 112 and generates control signals to control the friction brakes and sends a control signal to the HCP 5 to operate the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 based thereon.

[0026]

Each of the control modules ECM 23, TCM 17, TPIM 19, BPCM 21, and BrCM 22 is preferably a general-purpose digital computer comprising a microprocessor or central processing unit, storage mediums comprising read only memory (‘ROM’), random access memory (‘RAM’), electrically programmable read only memory (‘EPROM’), a high speed clock, analog to digital (‘A/D’) and digital to analog (‘D/A’) circuitry, and input/output circuitry and devices (‘I/O’) and appropriate signal conditioning and buffer circuitry. Each of the control modules has a set of control algorithms, comprising resident program instructions and calibrations stored in one of the storage mediums and executed to provide the respective functions of each computer. Information transfer between the control modules is preferably accomplished using the LAN bus 6 and SPI buses. The control algorithms are executed during preset loop cycles such that each algorithm is executed at least once each loop cycle. Algorithms stored in the non-volatile memory devices are executed by one of the central processing units to monitor inputs from the sensing devices and execute control and diagnostic routines to control operation of the actuators, using preset calibrations. Loop cycles are executed at regular intervals, for example each 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 100 milliseconds during ongoing operation of the hybrid powertrain.

[0000]

Alternatively, algorithms may be executed in response to the occurrence of an event.

[0027]

The exemplary hybrid powertrain selectively operates in one of several states that can be described in terms of engine states comprising one of an engine-on state (‘ON’) and an engine-off state (‘OFF’), and transmission operating range states comprising a plurality of fixed gears and continuously variable operating modes, described with reference to Table 1, below.

[0000]

TABLE 1

Engine

Transmission Operating

Applied

Description

State

Range State

Clutches

M1_Eng_Off

OFF

EVT Mode 1

C1 70

M1_Eng_On

ON

EVT Mode 1

C1 70

G1

ON

Fixed Gear Ratio 1

C1 70

C4 75

G2

ON

Fixed Gear Ratio 2

C1 70

C2 62

M2_Eng_Off

OFF

EVT Mode 2

C2 62

M2_Eng_On

ON

EVT Mode 2

C2 62

G3

ON

Fixed Gear Ratio 3

C2 62

C4 75

G4

ON

Fixed Gear Ratio 4

C2 62

C3 73

[0028]

Each of the transmission operating range states is described in the table and indicates which of the specific clutches C170, C262, C373, and C475 are applied for each of the operating range states. A first continuously variable mode, i.e., EVT Mode 1, or M1, is selected by applying clutch C170 only in order to “ground” the outer gear member of the third planetary gear set 28. The engine state can be one of ON (‘M1_Eng_On’) or OFF (‘M1_Eng_Off’). A second continuously variable mode, i.e., EVT Mode 2, or M2, is selected by applying clutch C262 only to connect the shaft 60 to the carrier of the third planetary gear set 28. The engine state can be one of ON (‘M2_Eng_On’) or OFF (‘M2_Eng_Off’). For purposes of this description, when the engine state is OFF, the engine input speed is equal to zero revolutions per minute (‘RPM’), i.e., the engine crankshaft is not rotating. A fixed gear operation provides a fixed ratio operation of input-to-output speed of the transmission 10, i.e., NI/NO. A first fixed gear operation (‘G1’) is selected by applying clutches C170 and C475. A second fixed gear operation (‘G2 ’) is selected by applying clutches C170 and C262. A third fixed gear operation (‘G3 ’) is selected by applying clutches C262 and C475. A fourth fixed gear operation (‘G4 ’) is selected by applying clutches C262 and C373. The fixed ratio operation of input-to-output speed increases with increased fixed gear operation due to decreased gear ratios in the planetary gears 24, 26, and 28. The rotational speeds of the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, NA and NB respectively, are dependent on internal rotation of the mechanism as defined by the clutching and are proportional to the input speed measured at the input shaft 12.

[0029]

In response to operator input via the accelerator pedal 113 and brake pedal 112 as captured by the user interface 13, the HCP 5 and one or more of the other control modules determine torque commands to control the torque generative devices comprising the engine 14 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 to meet the operator torque request at the output member 64 and transferred to the driveline 90. Based upon input signals from the user interface 13 and the hybrid powertrain including the ESD 74, the HCP 5 determines the operator torque request, a commanded output torque from the transmission 10 to the driveline 90, an input torque from the engine 14, clutch torques for the torque-transfer clutches C170, C262, C373, C475 of the transmission 10; and the motor torques for the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, respectively, as is described hereinbelow.

[0030]

Final vehicle acceleration can be affected by other factors including, e.g., road load, road grade, and vehicle mass. The engine state and the transmission operating range state are determined based upon a variety of operating characteristics of the hybrid powertrain. This includes the operator torque request communicated through the accelerator pedal 113 and brake pedal 112 to the user interface 13 as previously described. The transmission operating range state and the engine state may be predicated on a hybrid powertrain torque demand caused by a command to operate the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 in an electrical energy generating mode or in a torque generating mode. The transmission operating range state and the engine state can be determined by an optimization algorithm or routine which determines optimum system efficiency based upon operator demand for power, battery state of charge, and energy efficiencies of the engine 14 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The control system manages torque inputs from the engine 14 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 based upon an outcome of the executed optimization routine, and system efficiencies are optimized thereby, to manage fuel economy and battery charging. Furthermore, operation can be determined based upon a fault in a component or system. The HCP 5 monitors the torque-generative devices, and determines the power output from the transmission 10 at output member 64 that is required to meet the operator torque request while meeting other powertrain operating demands, e.g., charging the ESD 74. As should be apparent from the description above, the ESD 74 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 are electrically-operatively coupled for power flow therebetween. Furthermore, the engine 14, the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, and the electromechanical transmission 10 are mechanically-operatively coupled to transfer power therebetween to generate a power flow to the output member 64.

[0031]

FIG. 3 shows a control system architecture for controlling and managing signal flow in a hybrid powertrain system having multiple torque generative devices, described hereinbelow with reference to the hybrid powertrain system of FIGS. 1 and 2, and residing in the aforementioned control modules in the form of executable algorithms and calibrations. The control system architecture is applicable to alternative hybrid powertrain systems having multiple torque generative devices, including, e.g., a hybrid powertrain system having an engine and a single electric machine, a hybrid powertrain system having an engine and multiple electric machines. Alternatively, the hybrid powertrain system can utilize non-electric torque machines and energy storage systems, e.g., hydraulic-mechanical hybrid transmissions using hydraulically powered torque machines (not shown).

[0032]

A strategic optimization control scheme (‘Strategic Control’) 310 determines a preferred input speed (‘Ni_Des’) and a preferred engine state and transmission operating range state (‘Hybrid Range State Des’) based upon the output speed and the operator torque request and based upon other operating parameters of the hybrid powertrain, including battery power limits and response limits of the engine 14, the transmission 10, and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The predicted accelerator output torque request and the predicted brake output torque request are input to the strategic optimization control scheme 310. The strategic optimization control scheme 310 is preferably executed by the HCP 5 during each 100 ms loop cycle and each 25 ms loop cycle. The desired operating range state for the transmission 10 and the desired input speed from the engine 14 to the transmission 10 are inputs to the shift execution and engine start/stop control scheme 320.

[0033]

The shift execution and engine start/stop control scheme 320 commands changes in the transmission operation (‘Transmission Commands’) including changing the operating range state based upon the inputs and operation of the powertrain system. This includes commanding execution of a change in the transmission operating range state if the preferred operating range state is different from the present operating range state by commanding changes in application of one or more of the clutches C170, C262, C373, and C475 and other transmission commands. The present operating range state (‘Hybrid Range State Actual’) and an input speed profile (‘Ni_Prof’) can be determined. The input speed profile is an estimate of an upcoming input speed and preferably comprises a scalar parametric value that is a targeted input speed for the forthcoming loop cycle.

[0034]

A tactical control scheme (‘Tactical Control and Operation’) 330 is repeatedly executed during one of the control loop cycles to determine engine commands (‘Engine Commands’) for operating the engine 14, including a preferred input torque from the engine 14 to the transmission 10 based upon the output speed, the input speed, and the operator torque request comprising the immediate accelerator output torque request, the predicted accelerator output torque request, the immediate brake output torque request, the predicted brake output torque request, the axle torque response type, and the present operating range state for the transmission. The engine commands also include engine states including one of an all-cylinder operating state and a cylinder deactivation operating state wherein a portion of the engine cylinders are deactivated and unfueled, and engine states including one of a fueled state and a fuel cutoff state. An engine command comprising the preferred input torque of the engine 14 and a present input torque (‘Ti’) reacting between the engine 14 and the input member 12 are preferably determined in the ECM 23. Clutch torques (‘Tcl’) for each of the clutches C170, C262, C373, and C475, including the presently applied clutches and the non-applied clutches are estimated, preferably in the TCM 17.

[0035]

An output and motor torque determination scheme (‘Output and Motor Torque Determination’) 340 is executed to determine the preferred output torque from the powertrain (‘To_cmd’). This includes determining motor torque commands (‘TA’, ‘TB’) to transfer a net commanded output torque to the output member 64 of the transmission 10 that meets the operator torque request, by controlling the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 in this embodiment. The immediate accelerator output torque request, the immediate brake output torque request, the present input torque from the engine 14 and the estimated applied clutch torque(s), the present operating range state of the transmission 10, the input speed, the input speed profile, and the axle torque response type are inputs. The output and motor torque determination scheme 340 executes to determine the motor torque commands during each iteration of one of the loop cycles. The output and motor torque determination scheme 340 includes algorithmic code which is regularly executed during the 6.25 ms and 12.5 ms loop cycles to determine the preferred motor torque commands.

[0036]

The hybrid powertrain is controlled to transfer the output torque to the output member 64 to react with the driveline 90 to generate tractive torque at wheel(s) 93 to forwardly propel the vehicle in response to the operator input to the accelerator pedal 113 when the operator selected position of the transmission gear selector 114 commands operation of the vehicle in the forward direction. Similarly, the hybrid powertrain is controlled to transfer the output torque to the output member 64 to react with the driveline 90 to generate tractive torque at wheel(s) 93 to propel the vehicle in a reverse direction in response to the operator input to the accelerator pedal 113 when the operator selected position of the transmission gear selector 114 commands operation of the vehicle in the reverse direction. Preferably, propelling the vehicle results in vehicle acceleration so long as the output torque is sufficient to overcome external loads on the vehicle, e.g., due to road grade, aerodynamic loads, and other loads.

[0037]

FIG. 4 details signal flow in the tactical control scheme (‘Tactical Control and Operation’) 330 for controlling operation of the engine 14, described with reference to the hybrid powertrain system of FIGS. 1 and 2 and the control system architecture of FIG. 3. The tactical control scheme 330 includes a tactical optimization control path 350 and a system constraints control path 360 which are preferably executed concurrently. The outputs of the tactical optimization control path 350 are input to an engine state control scheme 370. The outputs of the engine state control scheme 370 and the system constraints control path 360 are input to an engine response type determination scheme (‘Engine Response Type Determination’) 380 for controlling the engine state, the immediate engine torque request, the predicted engine torque request, and the engine response type.

[0038]

The input from the engine 14 can be described in terms of an engine operating point including engine speed and engine torque which can be converted into the input speed and input torque which react with the input member from the transmission 10. When the engine 14 comprises a spark-ignition engine, a change in the engine operating point can be effected by changing mass of intake air to the engine 14 by controlling position of an engine throttle (not shown) utilizing an electronic throttle control system (not shown), including opening the engine throttle to increase engine torque and closing the engine throttle to decrease engine torque. Changes in the engine operating point can be effected by adjusting ignition timing, including retarding spark timing from a mean-best-torque spark timing to decrease engine torque. When the engine 14 comprises a compression-ignition engine, the engine operating point is controlled by controlling the mass of injected fuel and adjusted by retarding injection timing from a mean-best-torque injection timing to decrease the engine torque. The engine operating point can be changed to effect a change in the input torque by controlling the engine state between the all-cylinder state and the cylinder deactivation state, and, by controlling the engine state between the engine-fueled state and the fuel cutoff state wherein the engine is rotating and unfueled.

[0039]

In operation, operator inputs to the accelerator pedal 113 and to the brake pedal 112 are monitored to determine the operator torque request. Present speeds of the output member 64 and the input member 12, i.e., No and Ni, are determined. A present operating range state of the transmission 14 and present engine states are determined. Maximum and minimum electric power limits of the electric energy storage device 74 are determined.

The immediate accelerator output torque request is determined based upon a presently occurring operator input to the accelerator pedal 113, and comprises a request to generate an immediate output torque at the output member 64 preferably to accelerate the vehicle. The control system controls the output torque from the hybrid powertrain system in response to the immediate accelerator output torque request to accelerate of the vehicle. The immediate brake output torque request comprises an immediate braking request determined based upon the operator input to the brake pedal 112 and torque intervention controls. The control system controls the output torque from the hybrid powertrain system in response to the immediate brake output torque request to decelerate the vehicle. Vehicle deceleration effected by control of the output torque from the hybrid powertrain system is combined with vehicle deceleration effected by a vehicle braking system (not shown) to decelerate the vehicle to achieve the operator braking request. The immediate accelerator output torque request may be modified by torque intervention controls based on events that affect vehicle operation outside the powertrain control. Such events include vehicle level interruptions in the powertrain control for antilock braking, traction control and vehicle stability control, which can be used to modify the immediate accelerator output torque request.

[0042]

The predicted accelerator output torque request is determined based upon the operator input to the accelerator pedal 113 and comprises an optimum or preferred output torque at the output member 64. The predicted accelerator output torque request is preferably equal to the immediate accelerator output torque request during normal operating conditions, e.g., when torque intervention controls is not being commanded. When torque intervention, e.g., any one of antilock braking, traction control or vehicle stability, is being is commanded, the predicted accelerator output torque request can remain the preferred output torque with the immediate accelerator output torque request being decreased in response to output torque commands related to the torque intervention.

[0043]

The immediate brake output torque request and the predicted brake output torque request are both blended brake torque requests. The immediate brake output torque request is determined based upon a presently occurring operator input to the brake pedal 112, and comprises a request to generate an immediate output torque at the output member 64 to effect a reactive torque with the driveline 90 which preferably decelerates the vehicle. The immediate brake output torque request is determined based upon the operator input to the brake pedal 112, and the control signal to control the friction brakes to generate friction braking torque.

[0044]

The predicted brake output torque request comprises an optimum or preferred brake output torque at the output member 64 in response to an operator input to the brake pedal 112 subject to a maximum brake output torque generated at the output member 64 allowable regardless of the operator input to the brake pedal 112. In one embodiment the maximum brake output torque generated at the output member 64 is limited to −0.2 g. The predicted brake output torque request can be phased out to zero when vehicle speed approaches zero regardless of the operator input to the brake pedal 112. As desired, there can be operating conditions under which the predicted brake output torque request is set to zero, e.g., when the operator setting to the transmission gear selector 114 is set to a reverse gear, and when a transfer case (not shown) is set to a four-wheel drive low range. The operating conditions whereat the predicted brake output torque request is set to zero are those in which blended braking is not preferred due to vehicle operating factors.

[0045]

The axle torque response type comprises an input state for shaping and rate-limiting the output torque response through the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The input state for the axle torque response type can be an active state or an inactive state. When the commanded axle torque response type is an active state, the output torque command is the immediate output torque. Preferably the torque response for this response type is as fast as possible.

[0046]

Blended brake torque includes a combination of the friction braking torque generated at the wheels 93 and the output torque generated at the output member 64 which reacts with the driveline 90 to decelerate the vehicle in response to the operator input to the brake pedal 112. The BrCM 22 commands the friction brakes on the wheels 93 to apply braking force and generates a command for the transmission 10 to create a negative output torque which reacts with the driveline 90 in response to the immediate braking request. Preferably the applied braking force and the negative output torque can decelerate and stop the vehicle so long as they are sufficient to overcome vehicle kinetic power at wheel(s) 93. The negative output torque reacts with the driveline 90, thus transferring torque to the electromechanical transmission 10 and the engine 14. The negative output torque reacted through the electromechanical transmission 10 can be transferred to the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 to generate electric power for storage in the ESD 74.

[0047]

The tactical optimization control path 350 acts on substantially steady-state inputs to select a preferred engine state and determine a preferred input torque from the engine 14 to the transmission 10. The inputs originate in the shift execution and engine start/stop control scheme 320. The tactical optimization control path 350 includes an optimization scheme (‘Tactical Optimization’) 354 to determine preferred input torques for operating the engine 14 in the all-cylinder state (‘Input Torque Full’), in the cylinder deactivation state (‘Input Torque Deac’), the all-cylinder state with fuel cutoff (‘Input Torque Full FCO’), in the cylinder deactivation state with fuel cutoff (‘Input Torque Deac FCO’), and a preferred engine state (‘Engine State’). Inputs to the optimization scheme 354 include a lead operating range state of the transmission 10 (‘Lead Hybrid Range State’) a lead predicted input acceleration profile (‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Predicted’), a predicted range of clutch reactive torques (‘Predicted Clutch Reactive Torque Min/Max’) across each applied clutch in the lead operating range state, predicted battery power limits (‘Predicted Battery Power Limits’), a predicted accelerator output torque request (‘Output Torque Request Accel Prdtd’) and a predicted braking output torque request (‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’). The predicted output torque requests for acceleration and braking are combined and shaped with the axle torque response type through a predicted output torque shaping filter 352 to yield a net predicted output torque (‘To Net Prdtd’) and a predicted accelerator output torque (‘To Accel Prdtd’), which are inputs to the optimization scheme 354. The lead operating range state of the transmission 10 comprises a time-shifted lead of the operating range state of the transmission 10 to accommodate a response time lag between a commanded change in the operating range state and the actual operating range state. Thus the lead operating range state of the transmission 10 is the commanded operating range state. The lead predicted input acceleration profile comprises a time-shifted lead of the predicted input acceleration profile of the input member 12 to accommodate a response time lag between a commanded change in the predicted input acceleration profile and a measured change in the predicted input acceleration profile. Thus the lead predicted input acceleration profile is the predicted input acceleration profile of the input member 12 occurring after the time shift. The parameters designated as ‘lead’ are used to accommodate concurrent transfer of torque through the powertrain converging at the common output member 64 using devices having varying response times. Specifically, the engine 14 can have a response time of an order of magnitude of 300-600 ms, and each of the torque transfer clutches C170, C262, C373, and C475 can have response times of an order of magnitude of 150-300 ms, and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 can have response time of an order of magnitude of 10 ms.

[0048]

The optimization scheme 354 determines system power costs for operating the engine 14 in the engine states to meet the operator torque request, which comprise operating the engine fueled and in the all-cylinder state (‘PCOST FULL FUEL’), operating the engine unfueled and in the all-cylinder state (‘PCOST FULL FCO’), operating the engine fueled and in cylinder deactivation state (‘PCOST DEAC FUEL’), and operating the engine unfueled and in the cylinder deactivation state (‘PCOST DEAC FCO’). The aforementioned costs for operating the engine 14 are input to a stabilization analysis scheme (‘Stabilization and Arbitration’) 356 along with the actual engine state (‘Actual Engine State’) and an allowable or permissible engine state (‘Engine State Allowed’) to select one of the engine states as the preferred engine state (‘Preferred Engine State’). The preferred engine state comprises the engine state which has the minimum system power cost for operating the engine 14 to meet the operator torque request, and can be based upon factors including specific fuel consumption.

[0049]

The preferred input torques for operating the engine 14 in the all-cylinder state and in the cylinder deactivation state with and without fuel cutoff are input to an engine torque conversion calculator 355 and converted to preferred engine torques in the all-cylinder state and in the cylinder deactivation state (‘Optimal Engine Torque Full’) and (‘Optimal Engine Torque Deac’) and with fuel cutoff in the all-cylinder state and in the cylinder deactivation state (‘Engine Torque Full FCO’) and (‘Engine Torque Deac FCO’) respectively, by taking into account parasitic and other loads introduced between the engine 14 and the transmission 10. The preferred engine torques for operation in the all-cylinder state and in the cylinder deactivation state and the preferred engine state comprise inputs to the engine state control scheme 370.

[0050]

The costs for operating the engine 14 include operating costs which are determined based upon factors that include vehicle driveability, fuel economy, emissions, and battery usage. Costs are assigned and associated with fuel and electrical power consumption and are associated with a specific operating points of the hybrid powertrain. Lower operating costs can be associated with lower fuel consumption at high conversion efficiencies, lower battery power usage, and lower emissions for each engine speed/load operating point, and take into account the present operating state of the engine 14.

[0051]

The preferred engine state and the preferred engine torques in the all-cylinder state and in the cylinder deactivation state are input to the engine state control scheme 370, which includes an engine state machine (‘Engine State Machine’) 372. The engine state machine 372 determines a target engine torque (‘Target Engine Torque’) and an engine state (‘Target Engine State’) based upon the preferred engine torques and the preferred engine state. The target engine torque and the target engine state are input to a transition filter 374 which monitors any commanded transition in the engine state and filters the target engine torque to provide a filtered target engine torque (‘Filtered Target Engine Torque’). The engine state machine 372 outputs a command that indicates selection of one of the cylinder deactivation state and the all-cylinder state (‘DEAC Selected’) and indicates selection of one of the engine-fueled state and the deceleration fuel cutoff state (‘FCO Selected’).

[0052]

The selection of one of the cylinder deactivation state and the all-cylinder state and the selection of one of the engine-fueled state and the deceleration fuel cutoff state, the filtered target engine torque, and the minimum and maximum engine torques are input to the engine response type determination scheme 380.

[0053]

The system constraints control path 360 determines constraints on the input torque, comprising minimum and maximum input torques (‘Input Torque Hybrid Minimum ’and ‘Input Torque Hybrid Maximum’) that can be reacted by the transmission 10. The minimum and maximum input torques are determined based upon constraints to the transmission 10 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, including clutch torques and battery power limits, which affect the capacity of the transmission 10 to react input torque during the current loop cycle. Inputs to the system constraints control path 360 include the immediate output torque request as measured by the accelerator pedal 113 (‘Output Torque Request Accel Immed’) and the immediate output torque request as measured by the brake pedal 112 (‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’) which are combined and shaped with the axle torque response type through an immediate output torque shaping filter 362 to yield a net immediate output torque (‘To Net Immed’) and an immediate accelerator output torque (‘To Accel Immed’). The net immediate output torque and the immediate accelerator output torque are inputs to a constraints scheme (‘Output and Input Torque Constraints’) 364. Other inputs to the constraints scheme 364 include the lead operating range state of the transmission 10, a lead immediate input acceleration profile (‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Immed’), a lead immediate clutch reactive torque range (‘Lead Immediate Clutch Reactive Torque Min/Max’) for each applied clutch in the lead operating range state, and the available battery power (‘Battery Power Limits’) comprising the range PBAT—MIN to PBAT—MAX. A targeted lead input acceleration profile comprises a time-shifted lead of the immediate input acceleration profile of the input member 12 to accommodate a response time lag between a commanded change in the immediate input acceleration profile and a measured change in the immediate input acceleration profile. The lead immediate clutch reactive torque range comprises a time-shifted lead of the immediate clutch reactive torque range of the clutches to accommodate a response time lag between a commanded change in the immediate clutch torque range and a measured change in the immediate clutch reactive torque range. The constraints scheme 364 determines an output torque range for the transmission 10, and then determines constraints comprising the minimum and maximum input torque constraints (‘Input Torque Hybrid Minimum’, ‘Input Torque Hybrid Maximum’) that can be reacted by the transmission 10 based upon the aforementioned inputs, including input speeds, battery power and clutch reactive torques. A general governing equation for determining the minimum and maximum input torque constraints for the exemplary transmission 10 operating in one of the continuously variable operating range states is set forth in Eq. 1 below:

wherein {dot over (N)}I comprises the lead immediate input acceleration profile for the input member 12, and No comprises a time-rate change in the speed of the output member 64, TImisc and TOmisc comprise input and output torque contributions due to input speeds, clutch reactive torque(s) of applied clutch(es) and clutch slipping of non-applied clutch(es), and a11-a22 and b11-b22 are system-specific scalar values. A range of input torques, i.e., the minimum and maximum input torque constraints can be determined by executing Eq. 1 taking into account the net immediate output torque and the immediate accelerator output torque, the input and output member accelerations, and the clutch reactive torque(s). The minimum and maximum input torque constraints are input to the engine torque conversion calculator 355 and converted to minimum and maximum engine torque constraints (‘Engine Torque Hybrid Minimum’ and ‘Engine Torque Hybrid Maximum’ respectively), by taking into account parasitic and other loads introduced between the engine 14 and the transmission 10.

[0054]

The filtered target engine torque, the output of the engine state machine 372 and the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints are input to the engine response type determination scheme 380, which determines the engine commands (‘Engine Commands’) that are communicated to the ECM 23 for controlling the engine state, the immediate engine torque request and the predicted engine torque request. The engine commands include an immediate engine torque request (‘Engine Torque Request Immed’) and a predicted engine torque request (‘Engine Torque Request Prdtd’) that can be determined based upon the filtered target engine torque.

[0055]

The immediate engine torque request is determined based upon a presently occurring operator input to the accelerator pedal 113, and comprises a request to generate an immediate engine torque based upon the system operating conditions. The predicted engine torque request comprises a preferred engine torque request that can be determined based upon the operator torque request including an operator input to the accelerator pedal 113. The predicted engine torque request takes into account engine operating efficiency and power losses over a range of engine operating points. Other engine commands control the engine state to one of the engine fueled state and the fuel cutoff state (‘FCO Request’) and to one of the cylinder deactivation state and the all-cylinder state (‘DEAC Request’). Another output comprises the engine response type (‘Engine Response Type’). When the filtered target engine torque is within the range between the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints, the engine response type is inactive. When the filtered target engine torque is outside minimum and maximum engine torque constraints, the engine response type is active, indicating a need for an immediate change in the engine torque. An immediate change in the engine torque can be accomplished through engine spark control and ignition timing retard to change the engine torque to cause the engine torque to fall within the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints when the engine 14 comprises a spark-ignition engine. An immediate change in the engine torque can be accomplished through timing of fuel injection to change the engine torque to cause the engine torque to fall within the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints when the engine 14 comprises a compression-ignition engine.

[0056]

System operation is described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. An operator torque request is monitored, and the transmission 10 is operated in one of the continuously variable operating range states, including transitioning between a fixed gear operating range state and a continuously variable operating range state, such as occurs during a shift. The operator torque request is monitored, and engine commands comprising a first, e.g., immediate torque request and a second, e.g., predicted torque request are determined based upon the operator torque request and operation of the hybrid transmission. Engine torque constraints are determined based upon a capacity of the hybrid transmission to react engine torque, preferably by generating electric power storable in the ESD 74. Engine operation is controlled based upon the first engine torque request only when the second engine torque request exceeds the engine torque constraint, indicating a need for an immediate change in the engine torque.

[0057]

FIG. 5 graphically shows system operation, described with reference to the exemplary powertrain described in FIGS. 1 and 2 and executed with reference to the control system described in FIGS. 3 and 4. Engine input speed, a lead transmission operating range state (‘Lead Hybrid Range State’), an input acceleration profile, and engine torques are depicted. At a first point in time (‘A’) the system is operating in one of the fixed gear operating range states. The input speed is depicted as increasing, and the input acceleration profiles, comprising the lead predicted and lead immediate input acceleration profiles (‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Prdtd’, ‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Immediate’) are decreasing. The filtered target engine torque is within the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints, and therefore the engine response type is inactive and the engine commands comprise the predicted engine torque request and any requests for cylinder deactivation and fuel cutoff. At a subsequent point in time (‘B’), the system commands a change in the lead operating range state to one of the continuously variable operating range states, e.g., Mode 1 or 2. As depicted, this operation can be an element of a transition from operating in a first fixed gear to operating in a second fixed gear having a corresponding decrease in the input speed necessary to effect an upshift to the second fixed gear. Alternatively, this operation can be an element of a transition from operating in a first fixed gear to operating in a second fixed gear having a corresponding increase in the input speed necessary to effect a downshift to the second fixed gear.

[0058]

During an upshift, the lead predicted input acceleration profile follows a continuous slope downward, whereas the immediate lead input acceleration profile deviates from the lead predicted input acceleration profile, decreasing rapidly to slow the engine speed, due to effects of system inertia, because a transmission upshift typically requires reduced engine speed to effect the upshift. The reduction in the lead input acceleration profile results in a reduction in capability of the exemplary transmission 14 to react the engine input torque and an immediate decrease in the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints, which are determined as described with reference to the system constraints control path 360. So long as the predicted engine torque request is within the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints output from the system constraints control path 360, the engine response type is inactive and the engine torque command is the predicted engine torque request. Engine torque generated during this time is converted to electric power and stored in the ESD 74, such engine torque including inertial torque generated when slowing the engine speed in response to the operator torque request.

[0059]

When there is a shift in the maximum engine torque constraint output from the system constraints control path 360, e.g., due to reduction in the lead immediate input acceleration profile, and the predicted engine torque request falls outside of one of the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints, the engine response type becomes active and the engine torque command is shifted to the immediate engine torque request. The immediate engine torque request leads to engine control to cause an immediate change in the engine torque in response to the input acceleration profile, so long as the predicted engine torque request falls outside one of the maximum and minimum engine torque constraints. When the change in the maximum and minimum engine torque constraints change, e.g., due to a change in the input acceleration profile, and the predicted engine torque request falls within the constraints, the engine response type becomes inactive, and engine torque command is shifted to the predicted engine torque request for controlling engine operation.

[0060]

FIG. 6 graphically shows system operation, described with reference to the exemplary powertrain described in FIGS. 1 and 2 and executed with reference to the control system described in FIGS. 3 and 4. Engine input speed, a lead transmission operating range state (‘Lead Hybrid Range State’), an input acceleration profile, and engine torques are depicted. At a first point in time (‘A’) the system is operating in one of the fixed gear operating range states. The input speed is depicted as increasing, and the input acceleration profiles, comprising a predicted and an immediate lead input acceleration profile (‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Prdtd’, ‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Immediate’) are decreasing. The filtered target engine torque is within the constraints comprising the minimum and maximum engine torques, and therefore, the engine response type is inactive and the engine commands comprise the predicted engine torque request and any requests for cylinder deactivation and fuel cutoff. At a subsequent point in time (‘B’), the system commands a change in the lead operating range state to one of the continuously variable operating range states, e.g., Mode 1 or 2. As depicted, this operation can be an element of a transition from operating in a first fixed gear to operating in a second fixed gear.

[0061]

FIG. 6 shows the lead predicted input acceleration profile following a continuous slope downward, whereas the lead immediate input acceleration profile deviates from the lead predicted input acceleration profile, decreasing rapidly. The reduction in the lead immediate input acceleration profile can result in an immediate decrease in the minimum and the maximum engine torque constraints. In this case, the predicted engine torque request remains within the minimum and maximum engine torque constraints output from the system constraints control path 360, the engine response type remains inactive and the engine torque command remains the predicted engine torque request. Therefore, engine operation is unaffected, and the hybrid system operates to absorb power in the form of input torque from the engine 14 to generate electric power storable in the ESD 74 and operates to control the system to achieve the input acceleration profile, thus effecting the upshift in the operation shown without resorting to engine control measures such as spark retard which can consume fuel without correspondingly generating output power. This permits engine operation in response to the predicted engine torque request, and system operation to achieve the input acceleration profile and corresponding change in input speed required to effect the upshift. Power output out of the engine 14 is used by the transmission 10 to generate electric power which can be stored in the ESD 74.

[0062]

It is understood that modifications are allowable within the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure has been described with specific reference to the preferred embodiments and modifications thereto. Further modifications and alterations may occur to others upon reading and understanding the specification. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the disclosure.