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1 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TULSA DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS POST OFFICE BOX 61 TULSA, OKLAHOMA REPLY TO ATTENTION OF FEASIBILITY REPORT FLOOD CONTROL ON MC GRATH CREEK WICHITA FALLS, TEXAS This feasibility report is a supplement to the Survey Report on Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek, Texas, and it contains a supplement to the Final Environmental Impact Statement on Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek. US Army Corps of Engineers Southwestern Division Tulsa Dis tric t FINAL July 1985

2 ;'.. ~'.\.J~:"' JS.'::.J.:tS?O.R:: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY OFFICE OF TH E CHIEF OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON, D.C. Z CECW-PM REPLY TO ATTENTION 01": SUBJECT: McGrath Creek, Wichita Falls, Texas THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY 1. I submit for transmission to Congress my' report on McGrath Creek, Wichita Falls, Texas. It is accompanied by the reports of the District and Division Engineers. The report presents the results of feasibility measures to reduce flood damages in the McGrath Creek watershed at Wichita Falls, Texas. The study was conducted to supplement the Survey Report on Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek, Texas, which was authorized by P.L , 99th Congress, 2nd Session in accordance with the report of the Chief of Engineers dated 9 July The District and Division Engineers recommend implementation of a flood control project in Wichita Falls, Texas. The project consists of a new spillway for the existing Sikes Lake and a 3,600-foot-long concrete-lined channel along McGrath Creek from the new spillway to the confluence with Holliday Creek. Total first cost of the plan, based on October 1987 price levels, is estimated to be $9,100,000. Average annual charges, based on a 100-year period for economic analysis and an interest rate of 8-5/8 percent, are $926,000. Average annual benefits are estimated to be $1,511,000, and the benefit-to-cost ratio is I note that the recommended plan maximizes net National Economic Development benefits. I likewise note that the recommended plan for McGrath Creek fully complements the proposed project for Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek, Texas, which is reported in House Document and authorized by P.L , 2nd Session of the 99th Congress. The McGrath Creek project is considered too large in scope and in costs to be incorporated as a modification of the Holliday Creek project and, consequently, is the subject of a separate request for authorization. The McGrath Creek project is dependent upon the Holliday Creek project in that it requires the Holliday Creek improvements to provide an adequate outlet for its flood flows. *This report contains the proposed recommendations of the Chief of Engineers. The recommendations are subject to change to reflect SUbstantive comments.

3 CECW-PM SUBJECT: McGrath Creek, Wichita Falls, Texas 4. I concur in the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the reporting officers and recommend implementation in accordance with cost sharing, financing, and other requirements of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (WRDA 86). Based on the cost sharing reflected in WRDA 86, the estimated non-federal costs would be $2,300,000, consisting of $700,000 as a cash contribution and $1,600,000 in lands, easements, rights-of-way and relocations. 5. The recommendations contained herein reflect information available at this time and current Departmental policies governing formulation of individual projects. They do not reflect program and budgeting priorities inherent in the formulation of a national civil works construction program nor the perspective of higher review levels within the Executive Branch. Consequently, the recommendations may be modified before they are transmitted to the Congress as proposals for authorization and/or implementation funding. E. R. HEIBERG III Lieutenant General, USA Chief of Engineers 2

6 NARRATIVE:. 1 Midwestern State University Si kes Lake The enbankment on f.'cgrath Creek was built by a private individual over th irty years ago us ing mater i al dredged from the area upstream of the dec" McGrath Creek is a small. natural drainage channel tllat is dry exccrt during excessive rainfall runoff. Midwestern State University purchased the property about 1972 and further dredged the lake so that the facility could be used for instructional pur~ poses for sailing and boating. The lake is presently being used for til's purpose and no water is otherwise diverted or benefic ially used" Tne da'li, spillway and shoreline on MSU property is maintained by the University. I" I I I 1 1 I "1

9 SYLLABUS his report presents the results of studies of the feasibility of measures educe flood damages in the McGrath Creek watershed at Wichita Falls,."" '. The study was conducted to supplement the Survey Report on Lake ~";ld'lta, Holliday Creek, Texas. The recommended plan for Lake Wichita, HollIday Creek was published as House Document and is currently awaiting Congressional authorization for construction. The McGrath Creek study involved an analysis of the flood hazards, the development and evaluation of plans, and finally the recommendation of a plan of action which would complement the Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek project. The 5. 6-square-mile McGrath Creek watershed is a highly urbanized area within the city limits of Wichita Falls, Texas; a city with a population of 94,200 located in north-central Texas. McGrath Creek is a tributary of Holliday Creek which flows into the Wichita River. Sikes Lake, a shallow 20-acre impoundment, is located on McGrath Creek about 0.9 mile upstream of its confluence with Holliday Creek. The flood hazards of the area are depicted through the devastation of the May 12 and 13, 1982, flood. The McGrath Creek watershed experienced an estimated $21.5 million in flood damages, $19 million of which occurred to properties downstream of Sikes Lake. Average annual damages in the McGrath Creek flood plain are estimated at $1.59 million with $1.25 million occurring to high value residential developments between Sikes Lake and the confluence with Holliday Creek. Several channelization plans for flood damage reduction were developed and analyzed during the course of this study. Various levels of flood protection were also evaluated. Plan la (the National Economic Development Plan) was selected as the recommended plan of action. It would provide a 100-year level of protection to properties subject to flooding along McGrath Creek between Sikes Lake and its confluence with Holliday Creek and it would also reduce flood damages to properties immediately upstream of Sikes Lake. The

10 improvements would consist of a new 110-foot-wide spillway at Sikes Lake and a 3,600-foot-long, rectangular, concrete-lined channel with a 35-foot botto~ width from the new spillway to a drop structure at the mouth of McGrath Creek. The channel would be constructed generally along the existing creek alignment. The estimated construction cost of the selected plan is $8.46 million (April 1985 price levels). The estimated annual cost, at an 8-3/8 percent discount rate and a 100-year period of analysis, is $830,000, which includes $56,000 for annual operation and maintenance and major replacements. Under traditional cost sharing policies, the Federal construction cost would be $7.0 million and the non-federal construction cost would be $1.46 million. The annual benefits would be $1.41 million. The benefit-to-cost ratio is 1.7 to 1.0. The city of Wichita Falls and local residents strongly support the Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek Project which is currently before Congress, as evidenced by the city's willingness to contribute toward the cost of construction at a level greater than traditionally required. Local interests also support the plan of action for flood damage reduction on McGrath Creek. The plan recommended for McGrath Creek could be integrated with the proposed plan for Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek to achieve comprehensive flood reduction measures for a major portion of Wichita Falls, Texas. The Tulsa District Commander finds a need to reduce flood damages along McGrath Creek and recommends that the selected plan, Plan la, be authorized for construction. The following map shows an overview of the McGrath Creek and Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek project areas.

12 "Post Flood Report, Wichita Falls, Texas, Flood of May 12-14, 1982", Tulsa District, Corps of Engineers, August Following the Wichita Falls flood of May 12-14, 1982, a post-flood evaluation report was prepared under the authority of Public Law 84-99, as amended. The report documented the storm, the water surface elevations, and the resulting flood damages on Holliday Creek, McGrath Creek, and Main Branch Plum Creek. "Flood Insurance Study, City of Wichita Falls, Texas", US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance Administration, April The study was performed by the Tulsa District Corps of Engineers and published by the Federal Insurance Administration (currently part of the Federal Emergency Management Agency). The study and report were prepared under the authority of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended. The study inc luded water surface profi les and flooded area maps for the Wichita River, Holliday Creek, McGrath Creek, and other significant flood sources ~n the city. The profiles and maps were the basis for establishing flood insurance premiums for the National Flood Insurance Program. "Phase I Inspection Report, National Dam Safety Program, Sikes Lake, Wichita County, Texas, 1976". Inventory Number - TX01016, Fort Worth District, Corps of Engineers, April The inspection of Sikes Lake Dam on McGrath Creek was conducted and a report of findings was prepared under the authority of the National Dam Inspection Act of 1972, Public Law The purpose was to make a detailed, technical inspection and evaluation of the embankment and appurtenant structures and to review available engineering data to determine if the dam constitutes a danger to human I ife or property. The report stated that observations during the site inspection did not reveal any unsafe conditions. The report further stated that the structure did not meet recommended guidelines for spillway design flood. However, there were no problem areas requiring urgent action, and no Phase II inspection was required. 3

13 "Flood Plain Information Report, Holliday and McGrath Creeks, Wichita Falls, Texas", Tulsa District, Corps of Engineers, May The report was prepared at the request of the City of Wichita Falls through the Texas Water Development Board under the authority provided by Section 206 of the Flood Control Act of 1960, as amended. The report included flood hazard information as an aid 1n planning for the best use of flood-prone lands and to contribute to the solution of local flood problems. The study area included 11.4 stream miles of Holliday Creek and about 2.0 miles of McGrath Creek. "Survey Report on Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek, Texas", Tulsa District, Corps of Engineers, This report was prepared under the authority of a resolution of the Commi t tee on Rivers and Harbors, House of Representat i ves, adopted February 25, The report recommended the construction of a plan for flood control on Holliday Creek which included raising and repairing the Lake Wichita Dam embankment, replacing the existing spillway, and constructing a 9.2-mile, grass-lined channel from the dam to the confluence with the Wichita River. The report was approved by the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) and transmitted to Congress on April 25, The report, along with pertinent correspondence and supplemental information, has been published as House Document No "Final Environmental Impact Statement, Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek, Wichita Falls, Texas", This environmental impact statement was prepared by the US Army Engineer District, Tulsa, Oklahoma, March 1979, 1n accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 4321, et. seq. The environmental statement was filed with the Environmental Protection Agency on March 5, 1981 and published in the Federal Register on March 13,

14 EXISTING WATER PROJECTS Currently, no existing Federal water resource projects directly affect the McGrath Creek watershed. However, the proposed Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek project, which ~s in the detailed design phase of planning and engineering, would have to be constructed, or at least substantially underway, prior to initiating construction of any plan for McGrath Creek which would increase discharges or lower the channel invert at the confluence with Holliday Creek. The proposed plan for Lake Wichita, Holliday Creek would provide protection against the IOO-year frequency flood below the Lake Wichita Dam. 5

15 BASE INFORMATION Me Grath Creek Wat.,sh.d--- DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA McGrath Creek is a tributary of Holliday Creek, a tributary of the Wichita River. The McGrath Creek watershed contains approximate ly 5.6 square mi les and is about 90 percent urbanized, lying entirely within the corporate limits of wichita Falls. The basin has an average slope of about 30 feet per mile. Sikes Lake is located at the confluence of two drainage courses (called the north and south tributaries in this report) of McGrath Creek about 0.9 mile 6

16 upstream of the confluence with Holliday Creek (see figure 1). The northern tributary of McGrath Creek extends about 2.3 miles, and the southern tributary extends about 1.6 miles, upstream of the Sikes Lake Dam. Over 90 percent of the watershed's drainage area is upstream of the impoundment. Three-quarters of McGrath Creek and its tributaries are concrete lined. Concrete-lined Channel on McGrath Creek Immediately upstream of Sikes Lake 1S a commercial and residential area. The upper reaches of the southern tributary (west of Kemp Boulevard) are comprised of single-family residences. On the northern tributary (near Lawrence Road), the watershed opens into an industrial park. Further upstream along the northern tributary (near McNiel Boulevard) commercial and retail properties and s ingle-fami ly hous ing are predominate. Downs tream 0 f Sikes Lake, a series of low water dams form pools along McGrath Creek to create an aesthetically pleasing landscape for the single and multiple family housing developments adjacent to the streambank. 7

17 McGRATH CREEK WATERSHED Figure 1 8

18 Apartments Located Immediately Adjacent to the McGrath Creek. SIKES LAKE Sikes Lake is a shallow (4 to 5 feet deep>, 20-acre impoundment owned and operated by Midwestern State university. The lake is on the university campus and is used for recreational and educational purposes. The uncontrolled spillway is a 50-foot-long concrete weir with a short downstream apron, also of concrete. No stilling basins or other facilities have been constructed to dissipate the flowing water's energy; therefore, bank erosion occurs to the unimproved channel immediately downst,ream. A narrow paved roadway traverses the earthen side slopes of the lake and across the concrete weir of the spillway. The roadway is part of a service road/jogging trail which surrounds the main body of the lake. A 300-foot-long earthen dike across the northern arm of Sikes Lake creates a 4-acre subimpoundment. The dike is paved with concrete and is also part of the service road/jogging trail. 9

20 In 1978, Sikes Lake Dam was inspected under the authority of the National Dam Safety Inspection Act of 1972 (Public Law ). The purpose of the inspection was to determine if the project constituted a danger to human life and/or property. The lake was categorized as a Class I (high hazard), project because of collilllercial and residential development illilllediately downstream. It 1S important to note that this classification 1S based solely on the dam's location with respect to local developments, not to its structural integrity. The inspection revealed that the lake could be better described as a pool formed by a cut in natural ground rather than a body of water impounded by a typical built-up emban~ent. The east and south banks of the lake, usually referred to as the "embankment", are about 7 feet above the spillway crest (elevation 960.0). Based upon the size of the lake and its high hazard classification, the spillway design flood should be the Standard Project Flood (SPF). Since it was determined through hydrologic analyses that the present embankment and spillway can only pass a flood with a magnitude of about 28 percent of the SPF without overtopping, the project 1S deficient from a recommended design standpoint. However, because there is no built-up embankment, a catastrophic break resulting in the release of a "wall of water" is not likely. Therefore, an inherently unsafe condition does not exist. No problem areas requiring urgent action were identified and no further inspection was recommended. The report summarized that any measures taken to reduce the design deficiency at Sikes Lake that would involve increasing the embankment height could create additional flood problems. It was therefore recommended that, if the deficiency were corrected, consideration should be given to increasing the spillway capacity. In August 1984, the Texas Department of Water Resources (TDWR) reviewed the Sikes Lake Dam Safety Report and concurred with the view that although the structure does not meet recommended guidelines for the spillway design flood, there appears to be no significant hazard to downstream lives or property. The TDWR further stated that no corrective dam safety measures are anticipated to be required (see TDWR letter in Appendix B). 11

21 SOCIAL SETTING AND POPULATION Wichita Falls ~s a city with a population of 94, census) in north-central Texas, approximately 12 miles south of the Texas-Oklahoma state line. Originally a trading center on the Fort Worth and Denver rail line, the city has grown to include a variety of manufacturing plants and a large military installation, Sheppard Air Force Base. The city is the major retail trade center between Dallas and Amarillo. The population has generally declined over the past 20 years. The 1970 population was 96,654 compared to the 1960 population of 101,724. A major factor in the decline is attributable to a decrease ~n military personnel at the Air Force base. Civilian population in the city grew by 4 percent between 1970 and 1980, from 83,570 to 86,936. Some areas ~n the city experienced rapid growth in the last ten years. The population in the McGrath Creek watershed immediately downstream of Sikes Lake grew by 34.8 percent between 1970 and This area is characterized by relatively high ~ncome and high-value residential properties. It ~s estimated by the city of Wichita Falls that 1,847 residential housing units were constructed in the area of Sikes Lake between 1970 and ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING McGrath Creek and its tributaries are intermittent streams. Aquatic life in the stream is extremely limited and streambank vegetation is predominantly bermuda grass. Sikes Lake contains several species of organisms. Siltation, shallow water, and poor water quality prohibit the development of a more diverse aquatic system. Midwestern State University (MSU) utilizes the lake for teaching biology and recreation courses. The McGrath Creek flood plain downstream of Sikes Lake is obstructed by residential developments. This reach has several concrete-lined segments. The area from Taft Boulevard to Midwestern Parkway has a series of low water dams. Poo Is formed by these dams offer 1 imi ted habi tat for aquat ic spec ies. Primarily, the same species inhabiting Sikes Lake are found in these pools. 12

22 Only terrestrial species adaptable to an urban environment are present. Some migratory waterfowl and domestic waterfowl use Sikes Lake and the low water pools. Cedar Elm Bridge and Low Water Dam 13

23 No Federally proposed or listed threatened or endangered species inhabit the McGrath Creek watershed. More specific information on the environmental setting 1S included 1n the Environmental Impact Statement immediately following this report. FLOODING PROBLEM In the Wichita Falls area, intense, localized thunderstorms may occur during any time of the year, but generally occur from May through October. Such storms may produce severe flooding on commercial, residential, industrial, and public properties located in the flood plain of McGrath Creek. The area of greatest flood damage potential 1S below Sikes Lake which has a channel capacity less than the discharge of the 5-year frequency flood. The Sikes Lake spillway has a discharge capacity less than the 50-year frequency flood event. Obstructions in the floodway include residential and commercial buildings, bridges, fences, acute bends in the channel alignment, debris, and low water dams. Average annual damages on McGrath Creek are estimated at $1,590,000 of which $1,250,000 are downstream of Sikes Lake (see Appendix A). Figure 2 shows the Standard Project Flood (SPF) Flood Plain in the McGrath Creek watershed. FLOOD OF MAY 1982 On May 12 and 13, 1982, a slow-moving frontal system crossed Texas and Oklahoma. The moist, unstable air mass of this system combined with a strong upper-level disturbance to generate heavy thunderstorms over the Wichita Falls area in the afternoon and evening of the 12th and the next morning. By 7:00 a.m., May 13th, Wichita Falls had received over 5 inches of rain at the official weather station. Unofficial rain gage reports 1n Wichita Falls indicated that up to 10 inches of rain fell in the McGrath Creek watershed in a 12-hour period. Highwater marks indicated that the May 1982 flood was between a 50- and 100-year frequency event. On McGrath Creek, severe flooding occurred along both tributaries and below Sikes Lake. Flooding extended from immediately west of Kemp Boulevard to the mouth of McGrath Creek. However, the greatest damages were downstream of Sikes Lake. About 90 percent of the 14

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