Answer: the glomerulus is a system of arterial capillaries inside the Bowman's capsule with an afferent vessel and an efferent vessel.

6. Describe what happens at the glomerulus.

Answer: blood enters via the afferent vessel and leaves via the efferent vessel; water and solutes leave the blood and enter the Bowman's capsule; blood cells and blood proteins are retained in the blood.

7. Name four things that are secreted into the nephron.

Answer: hydrogen ions, potassium ions, ammonia, drugs and toxins.

8. Name four things that are reabsorbed into the blood at the nephron.

Answer: water, sodium ions, vitamins, nutrients (eg sugar).

Urinary bladder and micturition

9. Describe the urinary bladder. What is the major difference in males and females?

Answer: reservoir composed of smooth muscle, two ureters enter and the urethra leaves. The female urethra is shorter than the male urethra.