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it helps me sometimes to think of "X化(的)Y" as "an X form of Y". A "modern form/kind of factory", or 西方化的思维- "a western form of thinking." This can be an alternate to lazily translating everything as "...ized" which can easily be either hard to understand or completely incomprehensible.

Literally translated, 现代化 is "modernised". Actually I think the construction of Adj+化 in Chinese is actually mimicking the construction created by -ize in English.
Considering only the language aspect, I think 现代化 means the same as 现代(adj.) does. If there is any difference, 现代化 might implies a process of transforming something to be modern, hence ...

Fa as last name in Chinese is super rare. I can only think of one Chinese character 法 (Fa, 法正 was a guy from three kingdoms period, as an example)at the moment. So I really doubt Fa is the last name.
Jin has a common last name character 金, which is super common in China.
Yan as a character in given name, could probably be:
for girls:
妍(nice, ...

十余年 means more than ten years but less than twenty years.
Oxford Chinese-English Dictionary
余 (2)
C. 数
over
20余人
twenty-odd people
有百余人。
There are over a hundred people.
Modern Chinese Dictionary
余 (2)
(5) [数] 表示整数之外的零头，相当于“多”。
二十余人
So basically, when 余 follows a number, it often indicates the remainder ...

according to the context:
婉儿轻笑：“猪头，到底什么任务啊？” 东城月嘻嘻笑：“大约是失败就怀孕之类的任务吧……”
Most of the time, in our concept, 懷孕(pregnant) means one man should take responsibility for one woman, aka marry her.
Thus, this means that "東城月 want to play a joke to some man, and she wants to imply the man she love him."

Not judging OP's taste of literature, but stories like this would ruin your grammar.
Now the answer:
Obviously, the conversation is between a group of MMO players.
The part of the story here is 凫水囡囡 (ID of a player) wants to do a "task" 任务 which requires a five player team. So he/she, I assume it's a he but she is also possible as this could easily be ...

I am Cindy, a native Chinese teacher from iChineseLearning.
This would be the correct translation:
1. 给我礼物 - Give me (a) present.
2. 给谁的礼物 - Whom is (this) present for?
3. 这是给谁的礼物？
The third sentence actually has the same meaning as the second one. It just put an emphasis on 这 (this).
If you have further questions, you can raise your question at here: ...

Sometimes it is not possible to just build an expression without changing the meaning of the rest of the sentence. I would translate these into English as:
Give me (a/the) present (给我礼物)
A/the present to give to who? (给谁的礼物)
This is a present to give to who? (这是给谁的礼物)
If it was the expressions that you intended:
Give me a present (给我礼物)
Give who a ...

愣 is used pretty common in Chinese in a couple of ways. In this situation, the lady 她 could be a little bit shocked, amazed, and surprised. That kind of feeling made her to stare at the scene for a moment.

Native speaker.
In this context, 精益生产 is simply the translation of lean in lean manufactureing. So it means what ever lean means in the terminology, which can also be translated as 精实生产.
I don't think 精益 is a standard word (at least not a common one) except when used in 精益求精 and MBA terminologies like 精益生产、精益创业.
In 精益求精, you can understand 精 as the ...

First of all, I don't like the Chinese sentence in your question, because I consider it poorly organized. It sounds to me like being said by a janitor who didn't receive much education.
If you translate "总是" into "always", I'm sure you'll get confused. If you translate "总是" into "regularly" or "usually", it reduces the confusion.
Chinese are likely to ...

I am a native Chinese speaker of Northeastern Chinese origin.
"马马虎虎" can also be used when you are trying to be modest. For example, if someone praises you:
"Friso, 你的中文讲得好棒啊！" （Friso, your spoken Chinese is so good!)
Then you may reply with a smile, "马马虎虎，马马虎虎。"
People will interpret it as you're being modest, and they usually like a response like ...

You need to consider 总会 together:
ABC
be bound to; be inevitable; be sure to happen
总会 + 不时 = be sure to + often = he is bound to frequently.../he is sure to often...
ABC calls 总会, here, a:
Verb Phrase
Dòngcí Cízǔ 动词词组
This includes
(i) descriptive predicates that do not behave as stative verbs, e.g., ǎirán ‘amicable; amiable’, as ...

马虎 means careless, casual, perfunctory, etc.
So-so mean neither good nor bad, in between.
Example on how to use 马虎:
Question: 为什么你的数学考试打分呢么差？ (Why is your score so low on your math test?)
Answer: 我马虎了。 (I was a bit careless.)
马马虎虎 can be shortened to 马虎 in some cases, as shown in the example above.

将近 is used in conjunction with an amount or a time point, but not with another entity with the same attribute. See the following examples:
她短短一个月突然暴瘦到将近 80 斤。(Correct! "80 斤" is an amount)
他一直工作到深夜将近 1 点。(Correct! "1 点" is a time point)
我和他将近一样高。(Wrong! "他" is neither an amount nor a time point, but another entity. Should use 几乎 here)

1) 自主研发力量的薄弱 = weakness of independent research and development competence
2) 薄弱的自主研发力量 = weak independent research and development competence
Both of them are acceptable. From a grammar point of view, (I'm a native speaker, but my Chinese grammar got rusty after I learned English) both of them are 偏正短语 (modified phrase?). 偏正短语 consists two parts, one ...

Both expressions (the one you quoted and the one you wrote) are perfectly fine in Chinese.
薄弱 vs 'lack of' is a typical difference between language/culture mindsets. You can replace 薄弱 with 缺乏/缺失, which also sounds natural, but implies 'completely missing' to Chinese listeners. 薄弱 is the Chinese way to say 'somewhat/partially lack of'.

KEY
听取意见
listen to opinions or suggestions
对 xxx 有意见 is the most likely construct where 意见 would mean complaints or objections.
Or:
ABC
很有意见
hěn yǒu yìjian
strongly object
意见很大 is also a likely variant for complaints or objects.
It would be very unlikely to hear 听取意见 used for complaints though.

Here it means suggestions.
From 新汉英大辞典:
意见 [yì jian]
1.
（看法或想法） idea; view; opinion; suggestion:
a clash of opinions;
意见冲突
make suggestions for revision;
提出修改意见
2.
（反对或不满意） objection; differing opinion; complaint:
I have a lot of complaints about her.
我对她很有意见。
If there is no objection, the agenda is adopted.
如果没有意见， 议程就通过了。
BTW: 客户不 should be 客户部.