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The origins of this city are quite old but the proper town was established by the British in 1903.[2] Although it was a small town in the beginning, the British Royal Air Force built an airport here due to its strategic location.[3] It gained greater importance after the partition of Indian subcontinent as the newly formed Pakistan Air Force established one of its bases here.

Sargodha is located 172 kilometres west of Lahore, in the Sargodha District. Sargodha is located roughly 94 km northwest of Faisalabad and connected by a road. Sargodha comprises flat plains although there are few small hills on the Sargodha-Faisalabad Road. The area is particularly fertile as it is located between rivers Jhelum and Chenab

The city has a climate of extreme heat in the summers and moderate cold in the winters. The maximum temperature reaches 50 °C (122 °F) in the summer while the minimum temperature recorded is as low as freezing point in the winter.

Majority of the people in the city speak Punjabi.[3]Urdu is the mother tongue of few people but being the national language of Pakistan, it is spoken and understood by most of the population. English is the official language and the sole medium of instruction from higher secondary level education.

Sargodha is an agricultural as well as an industrial city. The vast and fertile fields in the region allow the farmers to cultivate a range of crops. Some of the main crops include wheat, rice, and sugar cane which are exported to the other cities as well as internationally. Citrus fruits, especially kinnows, and guavas are the main fruits grown in the region. Jamun, pear, dates, pomegranate, falsa and almonds are also cultivated here. Pakistan is the 6th largest producer of oranges in the world[citation needed]. Sargodha is famous for oranges which are exported around the world. Many different types of citrus fruits are cultivated here like Kinnow, Malta, Red Blood, Fruter and Mussami. Along with agriculture, the city has also seen development of many industries in the area including Sugar refineries and Textile mills.

Pakistan Air Force'sPAF Base Mushaf is situated in Sargodha. The airbase is also home to the Combat Commanders School (CCS), formerly the Fighter Leader's School, an elite training facility for training Pakistan Air Force pilots in fighter tactics and weapons. Sargodha is also nicknamed the "City of Eagles" because of the air base located here.