There were a couple more options in the wiki, but I didn't include it . The information is indeed quite a lot and I can see that it would not be a good experience for newcomers. Maybe the information can be condensed further or perhaps its best to leave all that info in the wiki and provide a link to it.

I would vote for adding an additional link to the Wiki. Maybe a link from an additional box of the same style located above or under the 3 columns. And maybe having an "important icon", signaling the link should be clicked. On the Wiki to list all options that are currently available. Wiki is easier to edit, for download page i could imagine we will need to have links adjusted for each point release, likely monthly!

Looks good. Maybe i would delete this section completely (remove bloat and to focus on download experience):

Please note that FreeCAD has still not reached a version 1.0 status in our view, and might not be ready for production use. Nevertheless multitudes of users use it. To find out if FreeCAD is appropriate for your project, please check out the FreeCAD forum. To find out what's new, see the release notes. You will find SHA256 checksums (to verify integrity of your download) and Windows portable versions on the 0.17 Release page on GitHub. (Older portable builds have been pruned. Availability will return in the future)

As we have top navigation bar offering such information already, like link to forum. And in another discussion we have somehow decided we won't be warning people against using FreeCAD anymore. As we consider we have reached version 1.0 already, now we just have to figure out on how to make that a reality and for the actual number to start being reflected in the real world. I would add this:

For distro-specific instructions, such as Ubuntu PPA, and other ways to install on Linux, please check out the wiki.

As some wanted for the PPA to be explicitly mentioned on the download page. Below i see you added a link to FreeCAD releases page and verbose description is provided over there already.