Annual reports contain information on the activities of the SIG for the year, issues addressed by the SIG members, future activity planning and any changes to the operations or constitution of the SIG.

I.NAME: The name of this group shall be The SCIENTIFIC INTEREST GROUP on Light Sources (formerly) Synchrotron Radiation.

II.PURPOSE: The purpose of this group of the American Crystallographic Association (hereafter ACA) is to further the advancement of all aspects of synchrotron x-ray research and to promote communication between persons interested in such techniques and results.

III.RELATIONSHIP TO THE AMERICAN CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION: The constitution of this organization shall be consistent with the Constitution, By-laws, and Operating Rules of the ACA. In the event of conflict the Constitution, By-laws and Rules of the ACA shall prevail.

It is no secret that detectives have an insatiable appetite to procure a confession from a suspect. Most would tell you it is a great and satisfying result of their tedious efforts besides a token to their communication skills when successful. One of the most controversial police procedures is the use of trickery by law enforcement agents during an investigation but particularly in the course of obtaining a confession or admission.

In my police career, I have claimed to have evidence which did not exist and used many other ruses in order to extract information.Whether it is lying to a suspect, using a scheme, or introducing a staged event, the public still criticizes the legitimacy of police craftiness. The courts have ruled that telling a suspect certain evidence was found at a crime scene when in fact it was not, would not compel him or her to lie about whether they were in or on the premise, in possession of stolen property, or committed the criminal act. Therefore, skulduggery would not be the same as coercion, forcing them to confess to false events, nor would it be entrapment.

Standard law enforcement training cautions against overzealous law enforcement practices in order to uphold the integrity of a properly obtained confession, evidence, and to avoid any type of entrapment issues. Specific to police conduct, the courts declared in
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, “Criminal activity is such that stealth and strategy are necessary weapons in the arsenal of the police officer.” At the same time, the justices had acknowledged the dangers and illegality of entrapment and warned against improper government conduct. Throughout history, however, numerous courts have upheld the use of deception by an investigator to obtain a confession is legal.

Yet, sometimes society still grasps with approval of this concept which they may surmise tarnishes the moral fiber of law enforcement. Defense attorneys love to use the deceptive strategies as a means to discredit the police to juries. Keeping these factors in mind, trickery is a risky practice and should be used with caution. For example, if a suspect calls your bluff or you expose the truth too soon, your credibility may be irreparable. The suspect may subsequently withdraw from conversations and a confession never secured. So why is it a police praxis? Because it is effective.

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