Frank Hecker

Howard County likely voters in the 2010 general election, contd.

4 minute read

In my previous post I made some projections about the likely percentages of Democratic, Republican, and unaffiliated and other voters in the upcoming general election, projections that I thought were reasonably well supported by the evidence. In this post I wanted to publish more data for anyone who’s interested, and also explore a little further a topic that I touched on in the last post.

First, the data. From various Maryland State Board of Elections
reports I’ve collected together two related data sets, one of which I
discussed in the last post and one that’s new:1

Turnout statistics for general elections in Howard County from 1988 through 2008 (available as a Google spreadsheet, Excel file, or a text file suitable for loading into R). Note that there’s one very minor problem with this data: In one of the years a total reported by the Maryland State Board of Elections for all parties and unaffiliated and other voters was off by 3 compared to the sum of the individual numbers for all parties and unaffiliated voters. I made a correction to eliminate the discrepancy (adding three voters to the unaffiliated and other category), but unfortunately have now forgotten which year I made this correction for. If I ever have time I’ll go back and track this down and restore the numbers to what was actually reported (which I think would have been the best course of action).

Turnout statistics for primary elections in Howard County from 1988 through 2008 (like the other results, available as a Google spreadsheet, Excel file, or R-compatible text file). Unfortunately this data set is missing data for 1996, a year in which the Maryland State Board of Elections apparently didn’t report turnout numbers for the primary. Again, if I ever have time I’ll try to track down these numbers somewhere else.

The open question has to do with the relative percentage of unaffiliated and other voters in recent elections. (Incidentally, I use the term unaffiliated and otherbecause it’s more accurate than independent; this group does include some people who belong to political parties, albeit small ones, and as I’ve previously written there are good reasons for believing that unaffiliated voters actually have consistent partisan preferences.)

One of the things I found interesting is that the percentage of those
voting in general elections who are unaffiliated has shown an almost
perfectly linear upward trend over the years, closely matching the
growth in the number of voters who register as unaffiliated. By
contrast the share of Republican and Democratic voters has fluctuated
back and forth: in some elections Republicans form a relatively
greater share of those voting, at the expense of the Democratic share,
and sometimes the situation is reversed.

Presumably Democratic and Republican turnout (and hence relative share
of those voting) is influenced by party members’ feelings about their
party’s candidates on the ballot, their general level of enthusiasm
about the election, and other factors. Why don’t these factors
likewise affect independents and cause their share of the voting
population to fluctuate as much as Democrats and Republicans?

There are at least two possible answers I can think of. First, it’s
possible that any fluctuations in the share of unaffiliated and other
voters are not that apparent because their share is much smaller than
that of the two parties (about half that of Republicans, and just over
a third that of Democrats), and also because fluctuations from
election to election are masked by the strong secular growth in the
number of unaffiliated and other voters.

The second possibility is more interesting: If most independent voters
are actually closet partisans, then their propensity to turn out for a
given election will likely mirror that of members of the particular
party they prefer. In other words, unaffiliated voters who lean
Democratic will tend to turn out at the same rates as actual
Democrats, and unaffiliated voters who lean Republican will tend to
turn out at the same rate as Republicans.

Thus, for example, if Republicans were more enthusiastic than
Democrats in a given election cycle and turned out in greater relative
numbers, then Republican-leaning unaffiliated voters would turn out in
greater relative numbers as well. However the increased turnout on the
part of those voters would be offset by decreased turnout on the part
of unaffiliated voters who lean Democratic. The result would then be
that the overall reported share of all voters who were unaffiliated
would remain relatively constant, while under the covers (so to speak)
the actual composition of that group of voter (i.e., Republican
leaners vs. Democratic leaners) would change from election to
election.

It’s a nice hypothesis, but how to prove it? I’m not really sure, in
the absence of detailed data about the partisan preferences of
unaffiliated voters. However one suggestive piece of data is that
turnout of unaffiliated and other voters is slightly more closely
correlated with Democratic turnout than with Republican turnout.[^2]
This is exactly what we’d expect to see if the partisan preferences of
unaffiliated voters mirrors that of Howard County voters overall.

But of course correlation is not causation, as the saying goes, so for
now this is just an interesting idea. If anyone else is interested in
this question feel free to take the data and do your own blog post.

Using the R-compatible text file for general election turnout linked to above, cor(PctTurnoutD, PctTurnoutOther) is 0.982 while cor(PctTurnoutR, PctTurnoutOther) is 0.939. ↩