Titanium alloys are important
industrially because of their high strength-weight ratio,
particularly at temperatures up to 427°C. The density of the
commercial titanium alloys ranges from 4.50 to 4.85 g/cm3, or
approximately 70% greater than aluminum alloy and 40% less than
steel.

The purest titanium currently produced
(99.9% Ti) is a soft, white metal. The mechanical strength increases
rapidly, however, with an increase of the impurities present,
particularly carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

The commercially important titanium
alloys, in addition to these impurities, contain small percentages
(1% to 7%) of (1) chromium and iron, (2) manganese, and (3)
combinations of aluminum, chromium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, tin,
or vanadium.

The thermal conductivity of the
titanium alloys is low, about 15 W/m ⋅ K at 25°C, and the
electrical resistivity is high, ranging from 54 mΩ ⋅ cm for the
purest titanium to approximately 150 mΩ ⋅ cm for some of the
alloys.

The coefficient of thermal expansion of
the titanium alloys varies from 2.8 to 3.6 x 10–6 per degree
Celsius, and the melting-point range is from 1371 to 1704°C for the
purest titanium. The tensile modulus of elasticity varies between 100
to 120 GPa (15 to 17 # 106 lb/in2).

On the basis of the strength-weight
ratio many of the titanium alloys exhibit superior short-time tensile
properties as compared with many of the stainless and heat-resistant
alloys up to approximately 427°C.

However, at the same stress and
elevated temperature, the creep rate of the titanium alloys is
generally higher than that of the heat-resistant alloys. Above about
482°C, the strength properties of titanium alloys decrease rapidly.
The corrosion resistance of the titanium alloys in many media is
excellent; for most purposes, it is the equivalent or superior to
stainless steel.

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