William & Mary's traditional rival in football is the University of Richmond. William & Mary and Richmond have met 120 times since 1898, making the rivalry (sometimes referred to as "the South's oldest rivalry") the fourth most-played in Division I college football. Only Lafayette–Lehigh, Princeton–Yale, and Harvard–Yale have played more games. The winner of this annual W&M–Richmond match-up claims the Capital Cup (previously known as the I-64 Trophy), named for the last two Virginia state capitals, Richmond and Williamsburg. In 2008, William & Mary opened the Jimmye Laycock Football Center, a state-of-the-art facility housing the Tribe locker room, football players' classroom study sessions and tape review rooms.

The College of William & Mary has transitioned through several official nicknames since its athletic program began in 1893. From 1893 to 1916, William & Mary football players were known as the Orange and White because those were the old official school colors. From 1916 to 1977, all William & Mary athletes were known as the Indians. And, most recently, from 1978 to the present day they have been known as the Tribe.

The William & Mary Tribe football team has had sporadic success during Jimmye Laycock's tenure. Since his taking over as head coach, W&M have enjoyed occasional winning seasons. The long-time head-coach has led the Tribe to multiple playoff appearances, including the national semifinal game on two occasions. Most recently, the Tribe reached the semifinal against eventual champions Villanova in 2009, losing by a single point, the team has also appeared in three bowl games: the 1948 Dixie Bowl, 1949 Delta Bowl and 1970 Tangerine Bowl. The Tribe are 1–2 in those games, with the lone win being a 20–0 victory over Oklahoma A&M in 1949.

Marv Levy – Did not attend W&M, but coached William & Mary for five years (1964–68), earning two Southern Conference Coach of the Year awards and one SoCon title (1966); the 27–16 win over Navy in 1967 is considered by the NCAA to be one of the Top 10 greatest college football upsets in history

1.
Terry Driscoll
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Edward Cuthbert Terry Driscoll, Jr. is a former American college athletics administrator and professional basketball player. Until 2017, he served as director at the College of William & Mary. Driscoll played at Boston College from 1966 to 1969 and he was named Most Valuable Player of the 1969 National Invitational Tournament after leading his school to the tournament final. After graduating, he was selected by the Detroit Pistons with the pick of the 1969 NBA draft. He played a season in the Italian Serie A with Virtus Bologna before joining the Pistons for the 1970–71 NBA season, after one season with Detroit, he moved to the Baltimore Bullets in 1971, also staying a season. He spent the five years in Italy as a player and then a coach. After leaving professional basketball, Driscoll worked in marketing and sales for different sporting goods companies before moving to sports marketing. He worked as the Boston site venue executive director during the 1994 FIFA World Cup, Driscoll became the Athletic Director of William & Mary in 1995, he still holds the position as of September 2015. Terry Driscoll at Basketball-Reference. com Retrieved 4 September 2015

2.
Zable Stadium
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It is located centrally in the William & Mary campus, adjoining the Sadler Center building and situated on Richmond Road. The stadium is used for football and track & field and it has an official capacity of 12,672 fans. The attendance figures for William and Mary football games are usually inexact, however, the area of Cary Field behind the stadium was the baseball field for William and Mary until the opening of Plumeri Park in 1999. The Stadium at Cary Field was constructed in 1935 at a cost of $138,395 under a grant from President Franklin D. Roosevelts Public Works Administration. The namesakes of the stadium are Walter and Betty Zable, who made a $10 million contribution to William & Mary in 1990, adding the Zable moniker to the existing Cary Field. The construction of the stadium is distinct in that the entrance to the stadium is at the 50 yard line on one side. In order to secure the stadium, college officials had it designed for agriculture expositions with an entrance at midfield. No expositions, however, were held, but the midfield seats remained lost. The first football game played at the stadium was the 1935 season opener, Zable himself played in the game. The largest crowd in Zable Stadium history was more than 19,000 in the 1949 loss against the University of North Carolina, Zable did not feature permanent lighting for evening games until 2005, when gifts of $650,000 allowed the construction of lights over the stadium. The gifts were spurred by the 2004 NCAA Division I-AA playoff game that William & Mary hosted against James Madison University, the game was nationally televised by ESPN2, and portable lights were brought in on trucks to allow the game to be played in ESPNs evening time slot. The game featured the largest crowd in recent Zable history and created a demand for night games. Previously, displeasure from the Williamsburg community over night games had kept the demand for lights to a minimum, in 2006, Cary Fields natural grass surface was replaced with FieldTurf pro, the same turf used in over 20 NFL football stadiums. The project cost an estimated $840,000, on August 26,2014 the college unveiled the plans for the renovation and expansion that will be carried out by BCWH and McMillan Pazdan Smith. The project is estimated to cost $27 million, with $22 million already raised, an initial $10 million gift from the estate of Zable was supplemented by two $6 million gifts from James and Frances McGlothlin and Hunter Smith. The current plan is to renovate and expand the west side of the stadium, including a level, second deck of seating, press box. The east side of the stadium will also be renovated, as will existing bathrooms, the project is scheduled to begin in early 2015, and will be completed in time for the start of the 2016 football season. The construction will not interfere with the 2015 season, which will be played at Zable stadium

3.
FieldTurf
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FieldTurf is a brand of artificial turf playing surface. It is manufactured and installed by FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of French company Tarkett Inc. headquartered in Calhoun, Georgia, in the late 1990s, the artificial surface changed the industry with a design intended to replicate real grass. The new system quickly began taking market share from AstroTurf, and is now the leader in the industry, the surface is composed of monofilament polyethylene blend fibers tufted into a polypropylene backing. The infill is composed of a layer of silica sand, a middle layer which is a mixture of sand and cryogenic rubber. The fibers are meant to replicate blades of grass, while the acts as a cushion. This cushion is intended to improve safety when compared to earlier artificial surfaces and allows players to plant, each square foot of turf contains approximately 3 kg of sand and 1.5 kg of cryogenic rubber. FieldTurf does not use shock absorbency pads below its infill, the backing of the turf is a combination of woven and non-woven polypropylene. These materials are permeable and allow water to drain through the backing itself, jean Prévost bought the patent of the FieldTurf product in 1988 and originally named his Montreal-based company SynTenni Co. a name which would eventually be dropped in favor of FieldTurf Inc. In 1995, John Gilman, a former Canadian Football League player and coach, in 1997, FieldTurf made its first major installation for a professional team, at the training facility for the English Premierships Middlesbrough F. C. As of 2012, FieldTurf has installed over 7000 athletic fields, in 2005, French flooring manufacturer and minority shareholder Tarkett increased its share in FieldTurf, which led to the integration of the two companies. FieldTurf is now a part of the Tarkett Sports division, part of the holding company Tarkett SA, the FieldTurf head corporate office is located in Calhoun, Georgia. In May 2010, FieldTurf acquired EasyTurf of San Diego, California, by late 2016, press reports were describing the companys product as defective. A number of agencies in New Jersey had joined together to file a lawsuit against the firm. The suits allege that the DuraSpine product it sold was inferior, internal company documents showed the company knew its sales claims were false. There is evidence showing higher player injury on artificial turf, in a study performed by the National Football League Injury and Safety Panel, published in the October 2012 issue of the American Journal of Sports Medicine, Elliott B. Hershman et al. reviewed injury data from NFL games played between 2000 and 2009. the injury rate of knee sprains as a whole was 22% higher on FieldTurf than on natural grass. While MCL sprains did not occur at a significantly higher than on grass. There are conflicting studies of the safety of FieldTurf, a five-year study funded by FieldTurf and published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine found that injury rates for high school sports were similar on natural grass and synthetic turf

4.
Williamsburg, Virginia
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Williamsburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,068, in 2014, the population was estimated to be 14,691. Located on the Virginia Peninsula, Williamsburg is in the part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is bordered by James City County and York County, Williamsburg was founded in 1632 as Middle Plantation, a fortified settlement on high ground between the James and York rivers. The city served as the capital of the Colony of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and was the center of events in Virginia leading to the American Revolution. S. Presidents as well as other important figures in the nations early history. The citys tourism-based economy is driven by Colonial Williamsburg, the restored Historic Area of the city, along with nearby Jamestown and Yorktown, Williamsburg forms part of the Historic Triangle, which attracts more than four million tourists each year. Modern Williamsburg is also a town, inhabited in large part by William & Mary students. Prior to the arrival of the English colonists at Jamestown in the Colony of Virginia in 1607, by the 1630s, English settlements had grown to dominate the lower portion of the Virginia Peninsula, and the Powhatan tribes had abandoned their nearby villages. Jamestown was the capital of Virginia Colony, but was burned down during the events of Bacons Rebellion in 1676. The members of the House of Burgesses discovered that the location was both safer and more pleasant environmentally than Jamestown, which was humid and plagued with mosquitoes. A school of education had long been an aspiration of the colonists. An early attempt at Henricus failed after the Indian Massacre of 1622, the location at the outskirts of the developed part of the colony had left it more vulnerable to the attack. In the 1690s, the colonists tried again to establish a school and they commissioned Reverend James Blair, who spent several years in England lobbying, and finally obtained a royal charter for the desired new school. It was to be named the College of William & Mary in honor of the monarchs of the time, when Reverend Blair returned to Virginia, the new school was founded in a safe place, Middle Plantation in 1693. Classes began in temporary quarters in 1694, and the College Building, four years later, in 1698, the rebuilt Statehouse in Jamestown burned down again, this time accidentally. The government again relocated temporarily to Middle Plantation, and in addition to the better climate now also enjoyed use of the Colleges facilities. The College students made a presentation to the House of Burgesses, a village was laid out and Middle Plantation was renamed Williamsburg in honor of King William III of England, befitting the towns newly elevated status

5.
Colonial Athletic Association
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Most of its members are public universities, and the conference is headquartered in Richmond. The CAA was historically a Southern conference until the addition of five northeastern schools after the turn of the 21st century, the CAA was founded in 1979 as the ECAC South basketball league. It was renamed the Colonial Athletic Association in 1985 when it added championships in other sports, as of 2006, it organizes championships in 21 mens and womens sports. The addition of Northeastern University in 2005 gave the conference the NCAA minimum of six football programs needed to sponsor football, for the 2007 football season, all of the Atlantic 10 Conferences football programs joined the CAA football conference, as agreed upon in May 2005. The CAA has expanded in recent years, following the exits of longtime members such as the United States Naval Academy, the University of Richmond, East Carolina University, and American University. In 2001, the conference added four additional universities, Towson University, Drexel University, Hofstra University. Four years later the league expanded again when Georgia State University and Northeastern University joined, Virginia Commonwealth University left for the Atlantic 10 Conference in July 2012. More changes came in 2013, Old Dominion University left for Conference USA, Georgia State joined the Sun Belt Conference, in 2006, George Mason became the first CAA team to reach the Final Four. In 2011, the VCU Rams became the second CAA team to reach the Final Four, as well as the first team to win five games en route, on March 25,2013, George Mason University left the CAA to join the Atlantic-10 Conference. Shortly after, the CAA ceased sponsorship of wrestling due to the lack of teams, the 2015–16 basketball season saw the conference RPI reach its highest rating when it finished the season ranked 9th in the nation. Notes ‡ – Towson joined the league as a member in 1979, left in 1981 to join the ECAC-Metro Conference. Notes Full members Full members Assoc. members Assoc. member The CAA sponsors championship competitions in ten mens, twelve schools are associate members in three sports. Neither cheerleading nor dance team competitions are sponsored by the NCAA, RS = regular-season champion, T = tournament champion Note, The conference was known as the ECAC South from 1979 to 1985. In December 2012 the CAA announced that the 2014 through 2016 tournaments would be held at the then known as 1st Mariner Arena, now known as Royal Farms Arena. It marked the first time the tournament was held outside the state of Virginia, for this reason, there are no true football associate members as every member of CAA Football is a full-member of the football-only conference. In the 2004–05 academic year, the CAA had five schools that sponsored football, all of them as football-only members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. In 2005, as noted, Northeastern accepted the CAAs offer of membership. At that time, the CAA announced it would launch its new conference in 2007

6.
Southern Conference
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The Southern Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision, member institutions are located in the states of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college conference in the United States. Among conferences currently in operation, the Big Ten and Missouri Valley are indisputably older, the Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959, but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference, founded in 1915, as its own. The Southwest Conference was founded in 1914, but ceased operation in 1996 once the Big 12 Conference began play, the Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball. In 2015, Furman defeated UCF 16–15 and The Citadel topped South Carolina 23–22 for their win over the Gamecocks in the past three meetings. The SoCon also frequently sees multiple teams selected to participate in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship, talks of a new conference for southern athletics had started as early as fall of 1920. The conference was formed on February 25,1921 in Atlanta as fourteen member institutions split from the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, in 1922, six more universities – Florida, LSU, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt joined the conference. The first year of competition for the conference was in 1922, the new rules banned freshman play. Later additions included Sewanee, Virginia Military Institute, and Duke, the SoCon is particularly notable for having spawned two other major conferences. In 1932, the 13 schools located south and west of the Appalachians all departed the SoCon to form the Southeastern Conference, in 1953, seven additional schools withdrew from the SoCon to form the Atlantic Coast Conference. The SoCon became the first league to hold a basketball tournament to decide a conference champion. Although first played in 1921, it did not become official until 1922, held at the Municipal Auditorium in Atlanta from February 24 – March 2,1922, the first meeting was won by North Carolina who defeated non-member Mercer in the Finals 40-25. The SoCon Basketball Tournament continues as the nations oldest conference tournament, the next-oldest tournament overall is the SEC Mens Basketball Tournament, founded in 1933, but that event was suspended after its 1952 edition and did not resume until 1979. The all-sports membership changed to 10 schools in 2014 following the departure of Appalachian State, Davidson, Elon, and Georgia Southern, plus the arrival of East Tennessee State, Mercer, the current football membership stands at nine. UNC Greensboro does not sponsor football, while ETSU, which relaunched its previously dormant football program in 2015, on January 9,2014, the SoCon and Atlantic Sun Conference announced a new alliance in lacrosse that took effect with the 2014–15 school year. Under its terms, sponsorship of mens lacrosse shifted from the ASUN to the SoCon, bellarmine, which had announced it would join the ASUN for mens lacrosse for the 2015 season, instead joined the SoCon. The most recent additions to the associate membership came with the start of the 2016–17 school year, Full members Full members Other Conference Other Conference Due to space limitations, one portion of Washington and Lees affiliation history is not indicated in the table

7.
Yankee Conference
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The Yankee Conference was a collegiate sports conference in the eastern United States. It once sponsored competition in sports, but eventually became a football-only league. Although not under the charter, it is essentially an ancestor of todays Colonial Athletic Association football conference. The Yankee Conference essentially was formed in 1938 as the New England Conference, the NCAA however considers the Yankee Conference and New England Conference to be two separate conferences, as they were formed under different charters. In 1945, Northeastern University, the private school in the New England Conference. This led the four members, all land-grant universities in New England. The committee recommended that the four current members join with two New England land-grant institutions, the University of Massachusetts and the University of Vermont and this led to the formation of the Yankee Conference in 1946, with athletic competition beginning in the 1947–48 school year. In 1975 the conference allowed its members to choose conference participation on a sport-by-sport basis, later in the year, it opted to end sponsorship of all sports except football. Starting in the 1980s, a number of schools from outside New England joined the conference and it existed until 1997, when NCAA legislation limiting the influence of single-sport conferences over policy became effective. Facing extinction, the merged with the Atlantic 10 Conference. After membership changes in the Colonial Athletic Association over the following 10 years, the phrase Yankee Conference is alluded to in the modern Yankee Collegiate Football Conference, which fields teams at the club football level. The Yankee Conference was the first college football conference to implement college footballs current overtime rules, source List of defunct college football conferences

8.
Atlantic 10 Conference
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The Atlantic 10 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Associations Division I. Although some of its members are state-funded, half of its membership is made up of private, despite the name, there are 14 full-time members, and two affiliate members that participate in womens field hockey only. The Atlantic 10 Conference was founded in 1975 as the Eastern Collegiate Basketball League, at that time, basketball was its only sport. After its first season, it added other than basketball. However, despite its official names, it was known as the Eastern 8. Further membership changes saw the league expand to its maximum of 16 members, from 1997 through 2006, the league also operated a football conference, during that period, more than 20 schools were participating in A-10 competition in at least one sport. This ended when the A-10 football programs all departed to join a new football conference sponsored by the Colonial Athletic Association, in 2012, Butler joined the conference after leaving the Horizon League and VCU joined after leaving the CAA. Conference realignment in 2013 saw the departure of Temple to the American Athletic Conference, Butler and Xavier to the reconfigured Big East, george Mason joined from the CAA, and Davidson from the Southern Conference announced they would join in 2014. The league office headquarters has been located in Newport News, Virginia since the Fall of 2009, prior to that, the headquarters was in Philadelphia, within a few miles of member schools Saint Josephs and La Salle. The conference currently has media deals with ESPN, CBS Sports Network, ^ – Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Richmond also played football within the A-10 from 1997 to 2006 after the Yankee Conference was absorbed. None of these institutions played football in the A-10 during their tenure as full members, membership dates include time in the Yankee Conference which merged into the A-10 in 1997. Notes Boston University dropped football after the 1997–98 season, connecticut moved to FBS after the 1999–2000 season, which eventually joined the Big East for that sport in the 2004–05 season. Hofstra dropped football after the 2009–10 season, Northeastern dropped football after the 2009–10 season. Villanova was originally a charter and full member of the A-10 during the 1976–77 through the 1979–80 seasons in all sports except football, Full members Full members Associate members Assoc. member Notes* - Virginia Tech did not participate in wrestling. There are a number of intense rivalries within the Atlantic 10, with rivalries that carry over from the Big 5 which includes Saint Josephs, La Salle, URI and UMass also have a long-standing rivalry. St. Bonaventure and Duquesne also maintain a rivalry that predates their affiliation with the conference, UMass and Temple also had a basketball rivalry while John Chaney was coaching Temple but it has died down a bit since, and even more so now that Temple has left the conference. Due to both sharing the Ram mascot, the Fordham - URI rivalry has increased in recent years as the competitions are heralded as The Battle of the Rams. The long-standing crosstown rivalry between Richmond and VCU, now known as the Capital City Classic, became a rivalry with VCUs arrival in the A10

9.
Capital Cup
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Coined as the Souths Oldest Rivalry, the Capital Cup is one of the longest-running college football rivalries in the United States. Contested yearly between the University of Richmond Spiders and College of William & Mary Tribe, only three rivalries have more games played, the Capital Cup is one of the oldest collegiate American football rivalries, played between the University of Richmond Spiders and College of William & Mary Tribe. The yearly contest is the third most played game in college football, played nearly continuously since 1898, there have only been three years that the game did not occur,1900,1902 and 1943. The game had recently been dubbed the I-64 Bowl, from 1984 though 2008. Beginning in 2009, however, the game was renamed the Capital Cup. The match is played as the final regular season game for both teams, but for many years used to be played on Thanksgiving Day. The November 21,2009 game marked the 119th meeting between the schools, place kicker Andrew Howard converted a game-winning 48-yard field goal as time expired. Then, in 2010, William & Mary clinched a share of the conference with the Capital Cup win, the Tribe had to beat Richmond and have Villanova upset Delaware in order to share the championship with Delaware, and both of those results occurred. The I-64 Trophy was a football trophy that went to the winner of the annual College of William & Mary versus University of Richmond football game from 1984 through 2008. Both Division I schools participate in the NCAA Football Championship Subdivision, the name for the trophy came from Interstate 64, which connects the schools through the short distance between Richmond and Williamsburg. A Capital Cup Most Valuable Player Award was created beginning with the 2009 match-up, thus it is not a mistake if the W-L column has identical years in them. ^2 Only Lafayette–Lehigh, Princeton–Yale, and Harvard–Yale have played more games, ^3 The 2008 game was the first in the history of the rivalry to be decided in overtime. Richmond would go on to win the 2008 NCAA Division I Football Championship by defeating the Montana Grizzlies 24–7 and it was the first team national championship for Richmond in any sport

10.
Nike, Inc.
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The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. It is one of the worlds largest suppliers of athletic shoes and apparel, as of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide. In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses. The company was founded on January 25,1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports, by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, the company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey between 1995 and 2008, and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro, in addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of Just Do It, Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports, was founded by University of Oregon track athlete Phil Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman in January 1964. The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, says Davis, I told Tom Brokaw that I was the first. I dont care all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me, in fact, I didnt like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight, but I saw Bowerman make them from the waffle iron, and they were mine. In 1964, in its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes grossing $8,000, by 1965 the fledgling company had acquired a full-time employee, and sales had reached $20,000. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in Wellesley. By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end, BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the Swoosh newly designed by Carolyn Davidson. The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18,1971, patent and Trademark Office on January 22,1974. In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, the following year, the agency created the first brand ad for Nike, called There is no finish line, in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U. S. athletic shoe market, together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nikes primary ad agency. Walt Stack was featured in Nikes first Just Do It advertisement, wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to Lets do it, the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed. Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its line to encompass many sports

11.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities

12.
College of William & Mary
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The College of William & Mary in Virginia is a public research university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. William & Mary educated U. S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, a young George Washington also received his surveyors license through the College. W&M students founded the Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society in 1776, the establishment of graduate programs in law and medicine in 1779 makes it one of the first universities in the United States. In addition to its program, W&M is home to several graduate programs. Named in honor of the reigning monarchs King William III and Queen Mary II, the original plans for the College date back to 1618 but were thwarted by the Indian Massacre of 1622, a change in government, events related to the English Civil War, and Bacons Rebellion. In 1695 before the town of Williamsburg existed, construction began on the College Building, now known as the Sir Christopher Wren Building and it is the oldest college building in America. The College is one of the countrys nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution, the Charter named James Blair as the Colleges first president. William & Mary was founded as an Anglican institution, students were required to be members of the Church of England, and professors were required to declare adherence to the Thirty-Nine Articles. In 1693, the College was given a seat in the House of Burgesses and it was determined the College would be supported by taxes and export duties on furs. The College acquired a 330 acres parcel for the new school,8 miles from Jamestown, in 1694, the new school opened in temporary buildings. Williamsburg was granted a charter as a city in 1722 by the Crown. During this time, the College served as a law center and it educated future U. S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler. The College has been called the Alma Mater of a Nation because of its ties to Americas founding fathers. A 17-year-old George Washington received his surveyors license through the College, William & Mary is famous for its firsts, the first U. S. institution with a Royal Charter, the first Greek-letter society, the first student honor code and the first law school in America. The College became a school in 1906 and became coeducational in 1918. In 1928, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. chose the College Building as the first building to be returned to its 18th-century appearance as part of the iconic Colonial Williamsburg restoration. During the period of the American Revolution, freedom of religion was established in Virginia notably with the 1786 passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, in 1779 the college became the first American university with the establishment of the graduate schools in law and medicine. The College of William and Mary is home to the nations first collegiate secret society, Society, popularly known as the Flat Hat Club, founded November 11,1750

13.
Virginia
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Virginia is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, the capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond, Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealths estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million, the areas history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony, slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colonys early politics and plantation economy. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, the Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008 and it is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginias economy changed from agricultural to industrial during the 1960s and 1970s. Virginia has an area of 42,774.2 square miles, including 3,180.13 square miles of water. Virginias boundary with Maryland and Washington, D. C. extends to the mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, the border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Chesapeake Bay separates the portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginias Eastern Shore. The bay was formed from the river valleys of the Susquehanna River. Many of Virginias rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, the Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay, the Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic era. The region, known for its clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains around Charlottesville. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state. The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains and includes the Great Appalachian Valley, the region is carbonate rock based and includes Massanutten Mountain. The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the southwest corner of Virginia, in this region, rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin

14.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States

15.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football

16.
Lou Holtz
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Louis Leo Lou Holtz is a former American football player, coach, and analyst. Holtzs 1988 Notre Dame team went 12–0 with a victory in the Fiesta Bowl and was the national champion. Holtz is the college football coach to lead six different programs to bowl games. Holtz also coached the New York Jets of the National Football League during the 1976 season, over the years, the slender, bespectacled Holtz has become known for his quick wit and ability to inspire players. He is often found as a guest on the popular Richmond, in 2005, Holtz joined ESPN as a college football analyst. On May 1,2008, Holtz was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame, Holtz was born in Follansbee, West Virginia and grew up in East Liverpool, Ohio, where he was raised as a Roman Catholic. He graduated from East Liverpool High School, after high school, Holtz attended Kent State University. He was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity, played football as an undersized linebacker. He began his career as a graduate assistant in 1960, at Iowa. From there, he stops as an assistant at William & Mary, Connecticut, South Carolina. The 1968 Ohio State Buckeyes football team won a championship with Holtz as an assistant. Holtzs first job as coach came in 1969, at The College of William & Mary. In 1970, he led the William & Mary Indians to the Southern Conference title, in 1972, Holtz moved to North Carolina State University and had a 33–12–3 record in four seasons. His first three teams achieved final Top 20 rankings, including a final Top 10 finish in the 1974 Coaches Poll and his 1973 team won the ACC Championship. His Wolfpack teams played in four games, going 2–1–1. Holtz received offers to become the Tulane head coach and he at first accepted the offer from David Dixon, the New Orleans Saints founder, then Holtz called Dixon saying he wouldnt come to Tulane. Following the 1975 season, Holtz accepted an offer to college football. Holtzs lone foray into the ranks began when he was appointed as head coach of the New York Jets on February 10,1976

17.
Richmond Spiders football
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The Richmond Spiders are a college football team representing the University of Richmond in Richmond, Virginia. Richmond was the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision champion for the 2008 season, Richmond currently competes in the Colonial Athletic Association of the NCAAs Division I Football Championship Subdivision. In 2008, #7 Richmond beat Eastern Kentucky, Appalachian State, in the FCS National Championship Game on December 19,2008, they defeated Montana 24–7 to win the first team NCAA national title for the University of Richmond in any sport. Richmonds traditional rival in sports is the College of William & Mary. Richmond and William & Mary have met 123 times since 1898, only Lafayette-Lehigh, Princeton–Yale, and Harvard-Yale have played more games. They were FCS National Champions in 2008

18.
Princeton University
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Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The institution moved to Newark in 1747, then to the current site nine years later, Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton has the largest endowment per student in the United States. The university has graduated many notable alumni, two U. S. Presidents,12 U. S. Supreme Court Justices, and numerous living billionaires and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princetons alumni body. New Light Presbyterians founded the College of New Jersey in 1746 in order to train ministers, the college was the educational and religious capital of Scots-Irish America. In 1754, trustees of the College of New Jersey suggested that, in recognition of Governors interest, gov. Jonathan Belcher replied, What a name that would be. In 1756, the moved to Princeton, New Jersey. Its home in Princeton was Nassau Hall, named for the royal House of Orange-Nassau of William III of England, following the untimely deaths of Princetons first five presidents, John Witherspoon became president in 1768 and remained in that office until his death in 1794. During his presidency, Witherspoon shifted the focus from training ministers to preparing a new generation for leadership in the new American nation. To this end, he tightened academic standards and solicited investment in the college, in 1812, the eighth president the College of New Jersey, Ashbel Green, helped establish the Princeton Theological Seminary next door. The plan to extend the theological curriculum met with approval on the part of the authorities at the College of New Jersey. Today, Princeton University and Princeton Theological Seminary maintain separate institutions with ties that include such as cross-registration. Before the construction of Stanhope Hall in 1803, Nassau Hall was the sole building. The cornerstone of the building was laid on September 17,1754, during the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall, making Princeton the countrys capital for four months. The class of 1879 donated twin lion sculptures that flanked the entrance until 1911, Nassau Halls bell rang after the halls construction, however, the fire of 1802 melted it. The bell was then recast and melted again in the fire of 1855, James McCosh took office as the colleges president in 1868 and lifted the institution out of a low period that had been brought about by the American Civil War. McCosh Hall is named in his honor, in 1879, the first thesis for a Doctor of Philosophy Ph. D. was submitted by James F. Williamson, Class of 1877. In 1896, the officially changed its name from the College of New Jersey to Princeton University to honor the town in which it resides

19.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity

20.
William & Mary Tribe
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The William & Mary Tribe are the athletic teams for the College of William & Mary. The name Tribe now refers to the unity and camaraderie that William & Mary student-athletes share when competing in the classroom, William & Mary has transitioned through several official nicknames since its athletic program began in 1893. From 1893 to 1909, William & Mary football players were known as the Orange, from 1910 to 1916, the team colors changed to orange and black, leading to a change in nickname to The Orange and Black. From 1916 to the mid-1980s, William & Mary athletic teams were referred to as the Indians, and, most recently, from 1978 to the present day they have been known as the Tribe. During the 2006-07 school year, then–College President Gene Nichol chose to remove the two tribal feathers from William & Marys logo due to NCAA regulations, on April 6,2010, it was revealed that a griffin would become the new mascot. The College has more championships than any other school in the Colonial Athletic Association. As of the end of the 2010-11 academic year, the Tribe had won 101 conference championships, dating back to the athletic programs beginning, there have been over 159 conference titles in all. Plumeri also funded the Joseph J. Plumeri Endowment Fund for baseball scholarships for the school. The baseball team has qualified for the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship in 1983,2001,2013 and 2016, the football team has won eight conference championships. While a member of the Southern Conference, W&M were champions or co-champions in 1942,1947,1966, in the 1960s, future Willis Group Holdings Chairman & CEO Joe Plumeri played on the football team on scholarship as a halfback for Lou Holtz. After joining the Yankee Conference, the Tribe won the Mid-Atlantic Division in 1993, after the Yankee Conferences 1997 merger with the A-10 Conference, the Tribe were co-champions in 2001 and 2004. After the Colonial Athletic Association began sponsoring football with the 2007 season, the 2004 season saw William & Mary reach the Division I-AA national semi-finals before finally falling to rival James Madison University. In 2008, the Tribe played Richmond, at home, on the very last game of the season. While Richmond was assured of a berth in the playoffs, having played and won a game due to a 12-game schedule that year. William & Mary trailed by 14 points going into the 4th quarter, the Tribe lost in overtime after Richmond blocked a field goal attempt during the Tribes possession, then kicked a successful field goal during its possession. By failing to beat the Spiders William & Mary missed the playoffs, in 2009, the Tribe played the Virginia Cavaliers, in a season opening match-up for both schools in Charlottesville for the first time since 1986. It was the second Tribe win over Virginia in as many tries and mirrored several other recent wins by CAA programs over those in the ACC, including three by Richmond over Duke. The Tribe finished the year 11-3, after a run to the semifinals that ended with a 14-13 loss to CAA rival and eventual champion Villanova

21.
Villanova Wildcats football
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The Villanova Wildcats football program represents Villanova University in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. The Wildcats currently compete in the Colonial Athletic Association for football only and they play on campus at Villanova Stadium with capacity of 12,000, with some games at PPL Park in Chester with capacity of 18,000. Andy Talley has been coach of the program since it was reinstated in 1985. The Wildcats football team played their first game 122 years ago in November 1894 coached by Mike Murphy, on April 14,1981, the program was officially disbanded due to weak attendance and monetary reasons cited by the university board of directors. Athletic Director Ted Aceto had stated they had sold only 750 season tickets for the 1980 season with 95 scholarship players, the Wildcats 1980 season record was 6–5. Under heavy pressure from alumni and students, the program was reinstated by the Board of Trustees in April 1984, led by current head coach Andy Talley, they began playing a couple of regulation NCAA games in September 1985. The reborn program had instant success, beginning with an undefeated five-game schedule against Division III competition, the program moved up to Division I-AA and joined the Yankee Conference in 1987, beginning official competition in 1988. Led by quarterback Kirk Schulz and wide receiver Robert Brady, the Wildcats reached the I-AA playoffs in 1989, bowing to eventual champion Georgia Southern in a spirited, high scoring game. With All-American linebacker Curtis Eller, the Cats returned to the I-AA playoffs in 1991 and 1992, All-American wide receiver Brian Finneran led the Wildcats to the I-AA playoffs in 1996 before bowing to East Tennessee State. The 1997 season marked Villanovas first undefeated, untied regular season, the 1997 Cats featured two future Payton Award winners- Finneran and freshman running back Brian Westbrook. The Cats defeated Colgate in the I-AA playoffs before falling a 3rd time to nemesis Youngstown State, in 2002, led by All-American QB Brett Gordon, Villanova advanced to the NCAA I-AA semifinals, defeating Fordham and Furman before falling to McNeese State. In 2008, a squad led by all-purpose back Matt Szczur. Ijalana was drafted the 2nd highest in history, behind Hall-of-famer Howie Long. Linebacker Darrell Young was a talented player, who ended up signing onto the Washington Redskins. Young made the switch from linebacker in college, to fullback in the NFL which is almost unheard of in this day. Other players that contributed were Brandyn Harvey, Norman White, Phil Atkinson, Aaron Ball, Angelo Babbaro, Tony Canci, Ross Ventrone, Ramin Mobasseri, Fred Maldonado, and many others. Harvey ended up signing with the Atlanta Falcons, and Ventrone was on the New England Patriots in 2012, appearing in the Super Bowl, the 4th Wildcat to do so. Ventrone became wildly popular in the NFL locker rooms for his off the field comedic antics, Tony Canci and Ramin Mobasseri were walk-ons who earned scholarships through their play

22.
Oklahoma State Cowboys football
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The Oklahoma State Cowboys football program represents Oklahoma State University–Stillwater in college football. The team is a member of the Big 12 Conference and competes at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level, the Cowboys are led by Mike Gundy, who is in his tenth year as head coach. Oklahoma State plays their games at Boone Pickens Stadium in Stillwater. The Oklahoma A&M Aggies played their first season of football in 1900 and joined their first conference for the start of the 1915 season, in 1925, the Oklahoma A&M program joined the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association. In 1928, the MVIAA split into the Big Six Conference, A&M was the only large school that joined the smaller MVC. Jim Lookabaugh led the Cowboys for eleven seasons, which included a 9–0 campaign, Lookabaugh was an OSU alum who lettered in multiple sports. In October 2016, Oklahoma State was retroactively awarded the 1945 National Championship by the American Football Coaches Association, Lookabaugh stepped down after the 1949 season, finishing his tenure with a mark of 58–41–6. From 1950 to 1954, Jennings B, whitworth coached at Oklahoma A&M, and compiled a 22–27–1 record, which included only one winning season, a 7–3 campaign in 1953. Whitworth departed A&M to accept the coaching position at Alabama following the 1954 season. Cliff Speegle took the reins of the Oklahoma A&M Cowboys, under Speegles tutelage, the Cowboys compiled a record of 36–42–3, which included three winning seasons from 1957 to 1959. The losing record, combined with an 0–8 mark against rival Oklahoma, in 1956, A&M announced it was joining what had become the Big Seven for the 1958–59 academic year. As part of a period, the Cowboys went independent for two years. On May 15,1957, Oklahoma A&M changed its name to Oklahoma State University and they officially became a part of the renamed Big Eight Conference in 1958. Longtime Bear Bryant assistant Phil Cutchin led Oklahoma State to its first win over Oklahoma in 20 years, Cutchin was replaced by the OSU administration eager to see a winning product on the field. Oklahoma State continued to struggle under head coach Floyd Gass, an OSU alum, during his tenure, he led the team to three straight losing seasons. Fan and administration support became increasingly hard to come by as the on-field production slipped, despite the lack of football success, Gass would serve in multiple capactities at OSU, including athletics director for several years after his resignation as football coach. The Cowboys were finally able to enjoy a winning season —their first in nine years—in 1974 under the leadership of head coach Dave Smith, however, Smith wouldnt stick around, as he departed for the head coaching position at SMU after just one season in Stillwater. Jim Stanley, a defensive coordinator at OSU, returned to Stillwater to become the head coach of the Cowboys in 1973

23.
University of Richmond
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The University of Richmond is a private, nonsectarian, liberal arts college located in the city of Richmond, Virginia, with small portions of the campus extending into surrounding Henrico County. After 1834, the Columbia House was the academic building of Richmond College. During the American Civil War, the student body formed a regiment. Richmond Colleges buildings were used as a hospital for Confederate troops, the college invested all of its funds in Confederate war bonds, and the outcome of the war left it bankrupt. In 1866, James Thomas donated $5,000 to reopen the college, Williams School of Law opened in 1870. In 1894, the college elected Dr. Frederic W. Boatwright president, President Boatwright would serve for 51 years. The universitys main library, Boatwright Memorial Library, is named in Boatwrights honor, symbolically, the library and its soaring academic gothic tower occupy the highest spot on the grounds. Its grounds were landscaped in 1913, by Warren H, Manning under the supervision of Charles Gillette. The institution was renamed University of Richmond in 1920 with the college renamed Richmond College. The distinction of colleges was phased out in the late 20th century, but the parts of the campus continue to be referred to as the Westhampton. In 1949, the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business opened, followed by the School of Continuing Studies in 1962, in constant dollars, it remains among the largest. Robins goal was to make Richmond one of the best private universities in the country, in partnership with the Universitys president E. Bruce Heilman and development director H. Gerald Quigg the $10 million matching grant component of the gift raised over an additional $60 million, during World War II, Richmond was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. In 1987, a donation of $20 million by Robert S. Jepson, the school, which opened in 1992, was the first of its kind in the U. S. In 1990, the missions of Richmond and Westhampton Colleges were combined to form the School of Arts. On October 15,1992, candidates George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, addressing a crowd of nearly 9,000, President Obama visited the University of Richmond to present the American Jobs Act on September 11,2011. Dr. Ronald A. Crutcher is the current president of the University of Richmond and he is former member of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He is recognized to be the first cellist to receive the doctor of arts degree from Yale

24.
James Madison University
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James Madison University is a public coeducational research university located in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States. The university is situated in the Shenandoah Valley, with the campus located on South Main Street. Founded in 1908 as a college, James Madison University was established by the Virginia General Assembly. It was originally called The State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, in 1914, the name of the university was changed to the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg. At first, academic offerings included only todays equivalent of technical training or junior college courses, during this initial period of development, the campus plan was established and six buildings were constructed. In 1976, the name was changed to James Madison University. The first president of the university was Julian Ashby Burruss, the university opened its doors to its first student body in 1909 with an enrollment of 209 students and a faculty of 15. Its first 20 graduates received diplomas in 1911, in 1919, Julian Burruss resigned the presidency to become president of Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Samuel Page Duke was then chosen as the president of the university. During Dukes administration, nine buildings were constructed. Duke served as president from 1919 to 1949, in 1946, men were first enrolled as regular day students. G. Tyler Miller became the president of the university in 1949. During Millers administration, from 1949 to 1970, the campus was enlarged by 240 acres and 19 buildings were constructed, major curriculum changes were made and the university was authorized to grant masters degrees in 1954. In 1966, by action of the Virginia General Assembly, the university became a coeducational institution, Ronald E. Carrier, JMUs fourth president, headed the institution from 1971 to 1998. Carrier Library is named after him, in early 2005, JMU purchased the Rockingham Memorial Hospital campus just north of the main JMU campus for over $40 million. The hospital has since moved to a new location, and JMU now occupies the former hospital site after having made substantial renovations to the hospital campus. Additionally in June 2005, the university expanded across South High Street by leasing the former Harrisonburg High School building from the City of Harrisonburg, in May 2006, the university purchased the property. The sale was approved in June 2005 for $17 million, the university named the old HHS building Memorial Hall

25.
Virginia Military Institute
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The Virginia Military Institute is a state-supported military college in Lexington, Virginia, the oldest such institution in the United States. Unlike any other Senior Military College in the United States, and in keeping with its principles, VMI enrolls cadets only. VMI offers cadets strict military discipline combined with a spartan, physically and academically demanding environment, the Institute grants degrees in 14 disciplines in engineering, the sciences, and the liberal arts. While VMI has been called the West Point of the South, for example, the living conditions at VMI are far more austere than at the service academies. S. military branches upon graduation. The Board of Visitors is the board of the Virginia Military Institute. The Board appoints the Superintendent and approves appointment of members of the faculty, Code §2. 2-4002, some of its regulations are codified at 8VAC100. The Executive Committee conducts the business of the Board during recesses, the Board has 17 members, including ex officio the Adjutant General of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Regular members are appointed by the Governor for a four-year term, the Executive Committee consists of the Boards President, three Vice Presidents, and one non-alumnus at large, and is appointed by the Board at each annual meeting. Current law makes provision for officers of the Virginia Militia to be subject to orders of the Governor, the cadets are a military corps under the command of the Superintendent and under the administration of the Commandant of Cadets, and constitute the guard of the Institute. In the years after the War of 1812, the state of Virginia built, in the 1830s Lexington attorney John Thomas Lewis Preston belonged to a debate club known as the Franklin Society. After debate and revision of the proposal, the Franklin Society voted in favor of Preston’s concept. Crozet was also the Chief Engineer of Virginia and someone whom Thomas Jefferson referred to as, the board delegated to Preston the task of deciding what to call the new school, and he created the name Virginia Military Institute. Preston was also tasked with hiring VMI’s first Superintendent and he was persuaded that West Point graduate and Army officer Francis Henney Smith, then on the faculty at Hampden–Sydney College, was the most suitable candidate. Preston successfully recruited Smith, and convinced him to become the first Superintendent, after Smith agreed to accept the Superintendent’s position, Preston applied to join the faculty, and was hired as Professor of Languages. Classes began in 1839, and the first cadet to march a sentinel post was Private John Strange, with few exceptions, there have been sentinels posted at VMI every hour of every day of the school year. The Class of 1842 graduated 16 cadets, living conditions were poor until 1850 when the cornerstone of the new barracks was laid. In 1851 Thomas Stonewall Jackson became a member of the faculty, under Jackson, then a major, and Major William Gilham, VMI infantry and artillery units were present at the execution by hanging of John Brown at Charles Town, Virginia in 1859. VMI cadets and alumni played instrumental roles in the American Civil War, on 14 occasions, the Confederacy called cadets into active military engagements

26.
University of Delaware
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The University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. The main campus is in Newark, with campuses in Dover, Wilmington, Lewes. It is considered an institution with approximately 18,500 undergraduate and 4,500 graduate students. UD is a privately governed university which receives funding for being a land-grant, sea-grant, space-grant and urban-grant state-supported research institution. UD is classified as a university with very high research activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. It is one of four schools in North America with a major in art conservation. In 1923, UD was the first American university to offer a study abroad program, the school from which the university grew was founded in 1743, making it one of the oldest in the nation. However, UD was not chartered as an institution of learning until 1833. Its original class of ten students included George Read, Thomas McKean, the University of Delaware traces its founding to 1743, when Presbyterian minister Francis Alison opened up his Free School in his home in New London, Pennsylvania. The school changed its name and location several times, ending up as the Academy of Newark in 1769, since Delaware was part of the Pennsylvania colony until 1776, the academy was denied charter as a college in order to prevent its competing with the University of Pennsylvania. In 1833, the Delaware General Assembly passed An Act to Establish a College at Newark, and it changed its name in 1843 to Delaware College and it merged with the Academy of Newark. The school closed from 1859 until 1870 and it reopened in 1870 due to the support of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts. In 1921, Delaware College was renamed the University of Delaware, plans call for this facility to be repurposed into a world-class research facility. Initial plans include the new home of the College of Health Science, in 2010–2011, the university conducted a feasibility study in support of plans to add a law school focused on corporate and patent law. At its completion, the study suggested that the addition was not within the universitys funding capability given the nations economic climate at the time. Capital expenses were projected at $100 million, and the deficit in the first ten years would be $165 million. The study assumed an initial class of two hundred students entering in the fall of 2015, widener University has Delawares only law school as of 2011. S. News & World Report ranked UDs undergraduate program tied for 79th among national universities, the Bloomberg Businessweek review of the Best Undergraduate B-Schools ranked UDs Lerner College of Business and Economics 96th among the 187 U. S. programs reviewed

27.
James Madison Dukes football
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The James Madison Dukes football team, founded in 1972, plays at Bridgeforth Stadium and is currently coached by Mike Houston. The JMU football team was rarely the centerpiece of JMU sports until the hiring of coach, Mickey Matthews. Since then, JMU has gained recognition as one of the top programs in NCAA Division I FCS football, just five years after Madison College had become a coeducational institution, the Dukes fielded their first football team. Football was the brainchild of Dr. Ronald Carrier, Madisons president at the time, the first game took place on October 7,1972 against Shepherd Colleges junior varsity team at Harrisonburg High School. The team consisted of a few dozen walk-ons and was coached by 30-year-old Challace McMillin, in 1975, the Dukes had their first – and, to date, only – undefeated season and won the Virginia College Athletic Association title. Two players, Madison Hall of Fame quarterback Les Branich and offensive guard Jeff Adams, for the 1980 season, Madison made the jump from NCAA Division III to NCAA Division I-AA where they played as an Independent through 1992. After twelve seasons the Dukes would join the Yankee Conference, which would become the Atlantic 10 Conference in 1997 and they were the first and only team to win three games on the road to advance to the National Championship Game. They returned to the playoffs in 2006 but suffered an early exit to the hands of Youngstown State University, the Dukes went to the playoffs again in 2007, traveling to Appalachian State in the first round. While down 27–28, JMU lost the game with a fumble on the ASU 8-yard line in the seconds of the fourth quarter. In 2008, they posted a 10–1 season record and received the top seed in the playoffs behind sensational quarterback Rodney Landers, after defeating Wofford and Villanova, they were defeated by the Montana Grizzlies in the semi-final round after Landers went down with an ankle injury. A $62 million stadium expansion to Bridgeforth was completed in 2011, adding an upper deck, bridgeforths official seating capacity is approximately 24,877, and is designed so it may be expanded to seat over 40,000. Matthews gained his 100th career victory on October 6,2012 in a 13–10 win over the Towson Tigers. On December 21,2013, Everett Withers, assistant head coach and co-defensive coordinator at Ohio State was named as the head coach in the programs history by athletic director. Prior to his work at Ohio State, Withers was interim head coach for North Carolina during the 2011 season after the dismissal of Butch Davis and his first win as interim head coach at North Carolina was against the Mickey Matthews led James Madison Dukes on September 3,2011. While at JMU Withers compiled a 19-7 overall mark while making appearances in both of his years in Harrisonburg. He also helped JMU receive national attention when ESPNs College GameDay show traveled to Harrisonburg to feature the 2015 Dukes, on January 18,2016 James Madison University named Mike Houston as head coach of the Dukes football program. Houston was formerly head coach of the Lenoir-Rhyne Bears and Citadel Bulldogs, Houston was very successful at Lenoir-Rhyne claiming three conference championships and an appearance in the NCAA Division II Football National Championship. At The Citadel, Houston led the Bulldogs to their first SoCon conference championship since 1992, in the 2016 FCS playoff second round, he and the Dukes defeated the University of New Hampshire 55–22

28.
VMI Keydets football
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The VMI Keydets football team represents the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia. The Keydets compete in the Southern Conference of the NCAA Division I FCS, VMI plays their home contests at 10, 000-seat Alumni Memorial Field, as they have since 1962. Historically VMIs biggest rival was Virginia Tech, today, VMIs biggest rival is the The Citadel, as the two teams have battled 70 times, with The Citadel leading the series 38–30–2. The winner of each receives an award known as the Silver Shako. The last contest occurred on November 22,2014, in which The Citadel rushed for nearly 400 yards en route to a 45–25 victory, in addition to The Citadel, VMI has minor rivalries with William & Mary and Richmond. The Tribe and the Keydets first met in 1908, and William & Mary leads that series 52–33–2, VMIs competition with Richmond goes back farther, to just their third year of existence. Richmond has won 41 games to VMIs 40, and the teams have tied five times, also, the Keydets have played Virginia and Virginia Tech 82 and 79 times, respectively. VMI football dates back to 1873 with a season, featuring a 4–2 loss to Washington. No player or coaching records are known from that game, the Keydets would not have another intercollegiate team until 1891 under coach Walter Taylor III. Taylor was the son of Walter H. Taylor, a Civil War lieutenant colonel, the Keydets went 3–0–1 in 1891, with a win and tie against Washington and Lee and defeats of St. Johns and Pantops Academy. VMI had two undefeated seasons in 1892 and 1894, and a total record of 32–10–2 during the 19th century. Although they were undefeated in 1899 by a virtue of a lone win over Washington & Lee. VMI continued to have success on the field during the early 1900s, ropers brief two-year tenure was highlighted by wins over NC State and Davidson. After several seasons of mediocrity, VMI returned to their ways in 1911 under Alpha Brummage. After Brummage left VMI for Kentucky, where he would become the football and basketball coach. VMI joined the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association in 1918, many of the members of which formed the bulk of the Southern Conference after the disbandment in 1921. In 1920, Blandy Clarkson led VMI to its third of only four seasons with a 9–0 record. With the finished construction of Alumni Field in 1921, VMI football no longer needed to play on the Parade Ground situated in front of the barracks, the stadium was placed around the same place it is today, and was completed at a total cost of $69,000

29.
Virginia Cavaliers football
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The Virginia Cavaliers football team represents the University of Virginia in the sport of American football. The Cavaliers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, starting in the early 1900s, the program has played an outsized role in the shaping of the modern games ethics and eligibility rules. Three traditional rivals—North Carolina, Virginia Tech, and Maryland—have all played the Cavaliers more times than any other among their chief rivals, however, Virginia and North Carolina have played 121 games against each other, whereas Georgia and Auburn have played 120. The Cavaliers also compete for the Commonwealth Cup against in-state rival Virginia Tech, both the Tarheels and the Hokies play in the Coastal Division of the ACC alongside the Cavaliers. The previous winners of the Cup have enjoyed far greater football successes, UVA has a Nike contract paying $3.5 million per year that is also significantly more lucrative than a similar agreement with its in-state rival. But no record has been found of the score of this contest, there is record of a game between Washington & Lee and VMI in 1873, the first such game in the south. In 1874, University students were introduced to the sport of rugby when they played to a tie against a team of Englishmen from Albemarle County. Eight years later, in November 1883, a club was reorganized, a constitution drawn up. 75 men competed against one another, but not against another collegiate club, the University Magazine describes how pluck is cultivated by throttling ones competitor and violently throwing him to the ground. Finally, in the fall of 1887, Willcox and Reid, after garnering interest in their fellow students throughout the year, but in these early days they had had no one to play. Fortunately, Pantops Academy, a school founded just up the road from the UVA Grounds. After playing to a tie, a rematch was scheduled for March 1888. The historic first touchdown was scored by quarterback Herbert Barry and the University won 26–0, the following season, on December 8,1888, UVA would play their first intercollegiate game, a 26–0 loss to Johns Hopkins. The loss did not dampen their enthusiasm for the sport, Virginia returned the favor with a 58–0 drubbing of Hopkins the following season when they went 4–2, with a 180–4 margin in its victories and two close losses to an eight-win Lehigh team and Navy. The 1889,1890,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896, the 116–0 drubbing by Princeton in 1890 signaled footballs arrival in the south. The Souths Oldest Rivalry started in 1892, when Virginia split games with North Carolina, the 1897 team had a scoreless tie with Vanderbilt in a game billed as the championship of the South. The 1900,1901,1902,1908,1914, and 1915 teams claim Southern championships, in 1900 the team gave the Sewanee Tigers its first loss since 1897. The teams captain was tackle John Loyd, Virginia lost to Pop Warners Carlisle Indians

30.
Thomas Jefferson
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Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he was elected the second Vice President of the United States, Jefferson was primarily of English ancestry, born and educated in colonial Virginia. He graduated from the College of William & Mary and briefly practiced law and he became the United States Minister to France in May 1785, and subsequently the nations first Secretary of State in 1790–1793 under President George Washington. Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System, as President, Jefferson pursued the nations shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. He also organized the Louisiana Purchase, almost doubling the countrys territory, as a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. Jeffersons second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former Vice President Aaron Burr, American foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act of 1807, responding to British threats to U. S. shipping. In 1803, Jefferson began a process of Indian tribe removal to the newly organized Louisiana Territory. Jefferson mastered many disciplines, which ranged from surveying and mathematics to horticulture and he was a proven architect in the classical tradition. Jeffersons keen interest in religion and philosophy earned him the presidency of the American Philosophical Society and he shunned organized religion, but was influenced by both Christianity and deism. He was well versed in linguistics and spoke several languages and he founded the University of Virginia after retiring from public office. He was a letter writer and corresponded with many prominent and important people throughout his adult life. His only full-length book is Notes on the State of Virginia, Jefferson owned several plantations which were worked by hundreds of slaves. Most historians now believe that, after the death of his wife in 1782, he had a relationship with his slave Sally Hemings and fathered at least one of her children. Various modern scholars are more critical of Jeffersons private life, pointing out the discrepancy between his ownership of slaves and his political principles, for example. Presidential scholars, however, consistently rank Jefferson among the greatest presidents, Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13,1743, at the family home in Shadwell in the Colony of Virginia, the third of ten children. He was of English and possibly Welsh descent and was born a British subject and his father Peter Jefferson was a planter and surveyor who died when Jefferson was fourteen, his mother was Jane Randolph. Peter Jefferson moved his family to Tuckahoe Plantation in 1745 upon the death of a friend who had named him guardian of his children, the Jeffersons returned to Shadwell in 1752, where Peter died in 1757, his estate was divided between his sons Thomas and Randolph. Thomas inherited approximately 5,000 acres of land, including Monticello and he assumed full authority over his property at age 21

31.
University of Virginia
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The University of Virginia, frequently referred to simply as Virginia, is a public research university and the flagship for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Declaration of Independence author Thomas Jefferson, UVA is known for its foundations, student-run honor code. UNESCO designated UVA as Americas first and only collegiate World Heritage Site in 1987, the university was established in 1819, and its original governing Board of Visitors included Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. Monroe was the sitting President of the United States at the time of its foundation, former Presidents Jefferson and Madison were UVAs first two rectors and the Academical Village and Jefferson conceived and designed the original courses of study. The universitys research endeavors are highly recognized, in 2015, Science honored UVA faculty for discovering two of its top 10 annual scientific breakthroughs, from the fields of Medicine and Psychology. UVA is one of 62 institutions in the Association of American Universities and it is the only AAU member university in Virginia. UVA is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation, the university was the first non-founding member, and the first university of the American South, to attain AAU membership in 1904. UVAs academic strength is broad, with 121 majors across the eight undergraduate, students compete in 26 collegiate sports and UVA leads the Atlantic Coast Conference in mens NCAA team national championships with 17. UVA is second in womens NCAA titles with 7, UVA was awarded the Capital One Cup in 2015 after fielding the top overall mens athletics programs in the nation. Students come to attend the university in Charlottesville from all 50 states and 147 countries, the historic 1, 682-acre campus is internationally protected by UNESCO and considered one of the most beautiful collegiate grounds in the country. UVA additionally maintains 2,913 acres southeast of the city, the university also manages the College at Wise in Southwest Virginia, and until 1972 operated George Mason University and the University of Mary Washington in Northern Virginia. In 1817, three Presidents and Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court John Marshall joined 24 other dignitaries at a meeting held in the Mountain Top Tavern at Rockfish Gap, after some deliberation, they selected nearby Charlottesville as the site of the new University of Virginia. Farmland just outside Charlottesville was purchased from James Monroe by the Board of Visitors as Central College, the school laid its first buildings cornerstone late in that same year, and the Commonwealth of Virginia chartered the new university on January 25,1819. John Hartwell Cocke collaborated with James Madison, Monroe, and Joseph Carrington Cabell to fulfill Jeffersons dream to establish the university, Cocke and Jefferson were appointed to the building committee to supervise the construction. The universitys first classes met on March 7,1825, another innovation of the new university was that higher education would be separated from religious doctrine. Jefferson opined to philosopher Thomas Cooper that a professorship of theology should have no place in our institution, Jefferson was intimately involved in the university to the end, hosting Sunday dinners at his Monticello home for faculty and students until his death. Thus, he eschewed mention of his accomplishments, such as the Louisiana Purchase. This was a source of frustration for Jefferson, who assembled the students during the schools first year, on October 3,1825, to such behavior

32.
Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football
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The Delaware Fightin Blue Hens football team represents the University of Delaware in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Championship Subdivision college football. The team is led by head coach Danny Rocco and plays on Tubby Raymond Field at 22, 000-seat Delaware Stadium located in Newark. The Fightin Blue Hens have won six titles in their 117-year history –1946,1963,1971,1972,1979. They returned to the FCS National Championship game in 2007 and 2010, the programs long history began in the late 1800s, but the tradition did not truly begin to take shape until the arrival of Bill Murray in 1940. During his 11 seasons at the helm, the Fightin Blue Hens compiled a record of 49–16–2 with one National Championship in 1946 and that was good for an impressive.747 winning percentage. After Murray departed to take over at Duke University in 1950, during his years at UD, Nelson developed the Delaware Wing-T offensive system. This system, strongly rooted in running the football and deceptive fake hand-offs, Nelson also brought with him another icon of Delaware football, the winged helmet. The iconic Michigan style helmet was developed by Nelsons coach at Michigan, Fritz Crisler, Nelson played for Crisler when Crisler was head coach at Michigan, and Nelson brought the helmet design with him to every team he coached. In 1966, an assistant football and baseball coach named Harold Tubby Raymond took over, while Nelson developed the Delaware Wing-T, Raymond perfected it. When he retired in 2001, Raymond had racked up 300 wins against 119 losses and his teams earned 14 Lambert Cup Trophies, four national semi-finals, and three National Championships in 1971,1972, and 1979. His 300 wins account for half of the football victories in school history. These three men are all enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame in South Bend, Indiana, Georgia Tech is the only other school to place three consecutive coaches into the College Football Hall of Fame. The team has had success on the field. In addition to the championships listed above, notable program victories include multiple wins over Football Bowl Subdivision schools Navy, Maryland, Rutgers. Speculation regularly exists regarding whether the Blue Hens will move up to the FBS level at some point, the University of Delaware has more than 60 wins against opponents playing at the highest level, whether that was FBS, I-A, or the University level. Were the LSU, were the Georgia, the Florida of Division I-AA, theres some people who have better resources than we do, but in general, the college campus we have is in one of the greatest college towns in America, and the academics. We led the nation last year in out-of-state applications, more than Michigan or Texas, but thats what this school has become – everybody wants to come to school here. Since Delaware Stadium opened in 1952, it has four major expansions to come to its current capacity of 22,000

33.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
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The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are a professional American football franchise based in Tampa, Florida. The Buccaneers currently compete in the National Football League as a team of the National Football Conference South division. Along with the Seattle Seahawks, the joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team. After the season, the club switched conferences with the Seahawks, during the 2002 league realignment, the Bucs joined three former NFC West teams to form the NFC South. The club is owned by the Glazer family, and plays its games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa. They are also the first team since the merger to complete a season when starting 10 or more rookies. In 1976 and 1977, the Buccaneers lost their first 26 games, after a brief winning era in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the team suffered through 14 consecutive losing seasons. Over the course of 41 seasons, the Buccaneers have compiled an record of 256–402–1, with a regular-season record of 250–393–1. Unlike in the case of Green Bay, Wisconsin, there is no municipality known as Tampa Bay. The Tampa Bay in the names of local professional sports franchises, such as the Buccaneers, Rowdies, Rays, Lightning and Storm, denotes that they represent the entire region, the Tampa Bay expansion franchise was originally awarded to Tom McCloskey, a construction company owner from Philadelphia. McCloskey soon entered a dispute with the NFL, so the league found a replacement in Hugh Culverhouse. A name-the-team contest resulted in the nickname Buccaneers, a reference to the legends of Southwest Florida. They were one of the few teams to wear white home uniforms, the teams first home was Tampa Stadium, which had recently been expanded to seat just over 72,500 fans. Steve Spurrier was the quarterback for Tampa Bay during their expansion season, the Buccaneers joined the NFL as members of the AFC West in 1976. The following year, they were moved to the NFC Central, while the other 1976 expansion team, the Seattle Seahawks, switched conferences with Tampa Bay and joined the AFC West. This realignment was dictated by the league as part of the 1976 expansion plan, instead of a traditional schedule of playing each division opponent twice, the Buccaneers played every conference team once, plus the Seahawks. Tampa Bay did not win their first game until the 13th week of their second season, until the Detroit Lions in 2008, the 1976 Bucs held the dubious title as the worst team in NFL history. Their losing streak caused them to become the butt of late-night television comedians jokes and their first win came in December 1977, on the road against the New Orleans Saints

34.
Ivan Fears
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Ivan Fears is an American football coach who is the current running backs coach for the New England Patriots of the National Football League. Fears attended John Yeates High School in Suffolk, Virginia, and was a letterman in football, in football, he was twice named the schools Outstanding Player of the Year, and as a senior, was also an All-State selection. He attended The College of William & Mary, where he played football as a back from 1973 to 1975. Fears began his career in 1976 with his alma mater, William & Mary as a graduate assistant. In 1979, he served as the quarterbacks coach before moving to Syracuse University in 1980 as the wide receivers coach. Fears joined the Patriots coaching staff in 1991 and he spent two seasons with the Patriots before moving on to coach the Chicago Bears wide receivers starting in 1993, but rejoined the New England coaching staff in 1999 as their wide receivers coach. In 2002, he was reassigned to running backs coach