The rulings came amid unprecedented criticism by CRIF, the umbrella group of French Jewish communities, and other French Jewish groups on judicial actions and decision that it said were too soft on antisemites, encouraged terrorism or amounted to a cover-up of hate crimes against Jews.

According to a report released this year by the Representative Council of Jewish Institutions (CRIF), one-third of all racist acts in France in 2016 were aimed at the country’s Jewish community, which represents just 1 percent of the French population.