The field of adipose tissue biology has been expanding at a very rapid pace in the last few years. Numerous advances have been made since publication of the first edition of this book, in terms of basic adipocyte biology, understanding of the determinants of obesity, distribution of body fat and weight loss, as well as the mechanisms linking excess adiposity to various co-morbidities. Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease, Second Edition contains updated chapters from the previous volume but as the field has evolved, some areas covered in the first edition have been refocused to address the new knowledge. The volume is divided in four sections: the first two deal with basic adipose tissue and adipokine biology, while the last two address the problem of obesity and alterations in adipose tissue function from an epidemiological and clinical standpoint. The chapters are written by experts in their fields and include the most up to date scientific information. Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease, Second Edition is a useful resource for physicians interested in adipose tissue biology and basic scientists who want to know more about applied aspects of the field. The book targets endocrinologists, residents and fellows, internists, nutritionists and general practitioners who are exposed to an ever-expanding obese population.

Amenorrhea: A Case-Based Clinical Guide is a comprehensive review of the current knowledge regarding normal female reproductive physiology. Replete with interesting case vignettes and providing diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic strategies for amenorrhea, Amenorrhea: A Case-Based Clinical Guide is divided into three sections. The first section is composed of two chapters that provide a thorough review of basic science and clinical knowledge about the organ systems responsible for normal physiology of the menstrual cycle. The second section includes discussion about menstrual cycle disruption as it relates to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, surgical and natural menopause, genetic defects, premature ovarian failure/insufficiency and the effects of caloric excess and restriction. The third section offers an update on the physiological effects of prolonged amenorrhea induced surgically or by hypothalamic dysfunction and also includes an original chapter that focuses solely on the impact of race and ethnicity on the prevalence and diagnosis of amenorrhea. Amenorrhea: A Case-Based Clinical Guide brings together chapters from renowned experts who offer state-of-the-art, clinically useful information in a case-based, reader-friendly fashion. This title will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of all clinicians who practice in women's health settings.

"Atlas of Endocrine Pathology provides a comprehensive compendium of photomicrographs of common and uncommon entities in endocrine pathology. The volume includes histologic features of normal features, reactive conditions, hyperplasia, and tumors. The most helpful diagnostic features are illustrated to provide direction and clues to the diagnosis of endocrine tumors. Furthermore, photomicrographs highlight the most pertinent diagnostic features in problematic diagnoses in endocrine pathology. Authored by a nationally and internationally recognized pathologist, Atlas of Endocrine Pathology is an important learning tool for those becoming familiar with the diverse entities encountered in endocrine pathology and a valuable reference for practicing pathologists faced with challenging diagnoses in endocrine pathology."--Publisher's website.

1. Rationale for bone health assessment in childhood and adolescence -- 2. Tools for measuring bone in children and adolescents -- 3. Dual-energy X-Ray absorptiomery technology -- 4. Indications for DXA in children and adolescents -- 5. Acquisition of DXA in children and adolescents -- 6. Analysis and evaluation of DXA in children and adolescents -- 7. Reporting DXA results for children and adolescents -- 8. DXA evaluation of infants and toddlers -- 9. DXA in children with special needs -- 10. Bone mineral density as a predictor of vertebral fractures in children and adolescents -- 11. Lessons learned from clinical research using QCT, pQCT, and HR-pQCT -- 12. Evaluation of fracture without known trauma: use of DXA in differential diagnosis -- 13. What's next in the field of bone health in pediatrics? Research considerations -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- Appendix D -- Index.

Written by internationally acclaimed specialists, Breast, Endocrine and Surgical Oncology provides pertinent and concise procedure descriptions spanning benign and malignant problems and minimally invasive procedures. Complications are reviewed when appropriate for the organ system and problem, creating a book that is both comprehensive and accessible. Stages of operative approaches with relevant technical considerations are outlined in an easily understandable manner. The text is illustrated throughout by photographs that depict anatomic or technical principles. Forming part of the series, Surgery: Complications, Risks and Consequences, this volume Breast, Endocrine and Surgical Oncology provides a valuable resource for all general surgeons and residents in training. Other healthcare providers will also find this a useful resource.

Care for Children Born Small for Gestational Age is a comprehensive handbook that serves to synthesize the extensive recent literature in the area to provide a practical resource aimed at a wide range of healthcare professionals, including obstetricians, midwives, neonatologists, and primary care physicians. This comprehensive handbook includes an in-depth survey of the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and long-term monitoring of children born small for gestational age, as well as related conditions such as intrauterine growth restriction, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the short and long-term psychiatric and social consequences of this condition are addressed.

Inflammation is characterized by the influx and activation of leukocytes to sites of tissue damage. Upon recruitment, immune cells become activated and can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemoattractants that can modulate cellular responses and leukocyte trafficking. However, if inflammation occurs inappropriately, it can lead to unwanted tissue damage to the host or can affect metabolic processes (e.g. glucose metabolism or bone metabolism). Evidence indicates inflammation also occurs in adipose tissue during obesity and that adipose tissue leukocytes secrete cytokines that can contribute to systemic, chronic inflammation. The mechanisms that regulate inflammation and mediate its effects on metabolism are not fully understood. To help clarify what factors mediate inflammation, we sought to determine the role that the chemerin receptor, CMKLR1, may play in mediating immune cell trafficking to inflamed tissue. We found CMKLR1 is expressed by murine peritoneal macrophages, which can migrate to chemerin in vitro. CMKLR1 was upregulated by TGF[Beta] and downregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR ligands. Furthermore, we found that CMKLR1 exacerbated the progression of experimental murine autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Chemerin was expressed in inflamed central nervous system (CNS) tissue, and microglial cells and CNS-associated myeloid dendritic cells expressed CMKLR1 in mice with EAE. Additionally, we discovered CCRL2 as a novel receptor for chemerin and determined it is a non-signaling decoy receptor which may bind and present chemerin to CMKLR1. We found that CCRL2 is expressed by mouse mast cells and can enhance tissue swelling and tissue leukocyte infiltration during mast cell-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. In an attempt to uncover a role for chemerin/CMKLR1 in obesity development or obesity-related inflammation, we discovered an unexpected role for the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-17, in adipocyte metabolism. IL-17 was upregulated in obese adipose tissue by T cells. IL-17 KO mice were more susceptible to diet-induced obesity. IL-17 inhibited adipocyte development and insulin stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes. Furthermore, young IL-17 deficient mice were more insulin sensitive than their WT counterparts. Overall, our data indicate a role for chemerin and chemerin receptors in leukocyte migration and function in inflammatory diseases, and suggest that IL-17 regulates metabolic responses associated with obesity.

Circadian rhythms are such an innate part of our lives that we rarely pause to speculate why they even exist. Perhaps this is the reason why in the medical practice the circadian variability of hormones, metabolites, physiological behaviors or the relevance of time in the presence or absence of different pathologies, have been practically ignored in the past. Some studies have suggested that the disruption of the circadian system may be cause for obesity and manifestations of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Shift-work, sleep-deprivation and bright-light-exposure at night are related to increased adiposity (obesity) and prevalence of MetS. Chronobiology and Obesity examines recent advances that have led to researchers to find the relevant link which exists between chronobiology and obesity, but, as it is emphasized throughout the book, there is much more that needs to be explored between the connection.

Developed via a peer review process that included 25 experienced endocrinologists and utilizing the best current evidence, The Cleveland Clinic has created a practical set of protocols for over 25 commonly used dynamic endocrine tests. The cornerstone of clinical endocrinology, these evidence-based protocols play an important role in clinical decision-making and are important element of billing and compliance with high quality standards. Included here are various tests for pituitary and adrenal disorders, thyroid disorders, and glucose metabolism and pancreatic disorders, presented systematically with indications, preparation, materials needed, precautions, procedure, interpretation, and caveats. Filling the gap left by a lack of national guidelines, The Cleveland Clinic Manual of Dynamic Endocrine Testing is an up-to-date practical guide for endocrinologists, nurses, and their staff, inside or outside of the US, who need to perform and interpret dynamic endocrine testing in their everyday practice, as well as medical students, residents and fellows who have interest in endocrinology.

Clinical Care Pathways in Andrology provides a valuable resource for understanding clinical decision-making in the context of the predominant male reproductive and sexual disorders for which patients commonly seek evaluation and treatment. Conditions that are less well-known but can be severely bothersome to patients, such as penile sensory loss, are also presented. Based on clinical evidence and expert consensus, practical clinical care pathways are featured for each condition. Each clinical care pathway consists of an algorithm that delineates the overall structure of decision-making for each condition, describes initial clinical presentations, and guides the reader through diagnostic testing and treatment.

Clinical Management of Thyroid Disease is an exciting new book edited by Fredric Wondisford, MD, developer of the revolutionary new drug, Thyrotropin, and Sally Radovick, MD, with contributions from experts in the field. It fulfills the niche of a succinct, clinical resource to help you translate research into practice. This full-color volume offers valuable information on thyroid cancer and non-cancerous lesions, the effect of drugs on thyroid function, genetic disorders, and more in an accessible, easy-to-read consistent format. Presents the expertise of authors and editorial staff comprised of leaders in the field of thyroid research and clinical management for the best-qualified guidance on diagnosis and treatment. Provides a full-color, comprehensive approach that makes valuable information easy to locate and quick to read. Covers relevant topics applicable to all levels of training and expertise to serve as a detailed clinical reference on everything from the basic to the sophisticated. Captures research advances on hot topics such as thyroid cancer and non-cancerous lesions, the effect of drugs on thyroid function, and genetic disorders so that you can incorporate them into the way you treat patients.

This book covers interesting and yet often challenging cases among adult patients in a unique Question-Answer format. Simulating the bed-side case discussions during the ward rounds, one question logically leads to another question thereby generating curiosity and promoting evidence-based medicine. Taking the readers through the entire spectrum starting from etiology and pathophysiology to clinical presentation to management principles, each question addresses one key aspect of the disorder. Described in a very simple and lucid narrative, this book ensures sound conceptual understanding while covering each topic comprehensively. This volume covers important topics such as acromegaly, Cushing syndrome, osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism, thyroid disorders, and diabetes in adult patients. These cases are not only seen by endocrinologists, but are also managed by internists, orthopedic surgeons, obstetricians and gynecologists. Less common disorders such as adrenal disorders and androgen excess have also been covered.

This color atlas is a detailed guide on how to perform open, endoscopic, and robotic thyroidectomy techniques safely and effectively. Each chapter offers step-by-step descriptions of essential surgical procedures and techniques. Relevant information is included on surgical anatomy, and clear guidance is provided on preoperative set-up, draping, instrumentation, and complications and their treatment. The description of endoscopic thyroidectomy techniques focuses on the bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA), while in the case of robotic thyroidectomy both BABA and the bilateral axillo-postauricular approach are described. In each case, the evidence supporting the technique is carefully examined. In the closing chapter, the role of new energy sources in thyroid surgery is discussed. The lucid text is supported by more than 200 full-color illustrations clarifying surgical anatomy, instrumentation, and procedures, and surgical video clips are also available to readers via a website. This atlas will be invaluable in enabling surgeons to achieve optimal outcomes when performing thyroid surgery.

Obesity is a relatively new and controversial field of medicine. Some of the controversies surrounding obesity can be dismissed as myths, others reveal the lack of consensus and comprehensive knowledge which exist in obesity and its complex relationship with diabetes and other serious long-term conditions. Controversies in Obesity takes the unique approach of assessing the controversies surrounding obesity, thus seeking to debunk the myths and highlight and explore the genuine science, whilst demonstrating areas where there is healthy debate. This book will appeal to primary care physicians, trainees and specialist nurses involved in care of the obese patient, and would be of interest to anyone who wishes to gain a better understanding of the complex nature of obesity and its management.

Part A: General Topics -- Controversies in the Management of Nodular Thyroid Disease -- The Use of Ultrasound in the Management of Thyroid Disorders -- Pre and Post Thyroidectomy Voice Assessment -- Intraoperative Neuro-monitoring of the Laryngeal Nerves During Thyroidectomy -- Who Should Do Thyroid Surgery? -- Ambulatory Thyroid Surgery-Is This the Way of the Future? -- Robotic Thyroidectomy: Is There Still A Role? -- Graves' Disease-What is the Role and Timing of Surgery? -- Vocal Fold Paralysis and Thyroid Surgery -- Part B: Cancer Topics -- Optimal Treatment for Papillary Microcarcinoma -- Molecular Profiles and the "Indeterminate" Thyroid Nodule -- Controversies in the Surgical Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma -- Central Lymph Node Dissection for Well-Differentiated Cancer -- The Role of Risk Stratification in the Treatment of Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer -- Imaging for Preoperative Assessment and Staging of Thyroid Cancer -- Anaplastic Cancer and Rare Forms of Cancer Affecting the Thyroid -- The Role of Targeting Therapies or Non-Surgical Treatment of Thyroid Malignancies: Is Surgery Being Replaced?.

"Reduced production of DHEA associated with the diseases that accompany aging has led to its use as a nutritional supplement for antiaging, metabolic support, and other purposes. While animal studies have clearly shown substantial benefits of DHEA in combating various disease states, the effect of low levels of DHEA in humans is less established, and the mechanisms of action and potential involvement in illnesses remain unclear. DHEA in Human Health and Aging reviews the past ten years of research into this hormone and explores its potential for future study."--Publisher's description.

"Diabetes and Kidney Disease reviews the most up-to-date research on diabetic nephropathy, the current understanding of its pathophysiology, renal structural alterations and clinical features, and summarizes recent evidence-based clinical treatment modalities for the prevention and management of diabetic kidney disease. General clinical aspects are covered, as well as an overview to the novel approaches being designed by leading researchers in the field. A convenient compendium for physicians involved in the care of diabetic patients with varying degrees of kidney involvement, Diabetes and Kidney Disease is also a handy resource for medical residents and students interested in the current status and future approaches to reducing the burden of diabetes and diabetic kidney disease."--Publisher's website.

In Diabetes and Peripheral Vascular Disease, a panel of distinguished leaders in the field of medicine, podiatry, and vascular and endovascular therapy assimilate the latest literature on these issues and others for an in-depth review of the management of peripheral vascular disease. Providing an overview of the management of diabetes and diabetic foot changes as well as providing a view of cutting-edge and emerging topics in optimization of arterial status, this important title addresses pathophysiology, anatomy, diagnosis and management of diabetic peripheral vascular disease, emphasizing a multi-disciplinary approach. The first chapter of the book provides an overview of this complex disease process and discusses the teamwork required for optimal management. The chapters continue with the basic pathophysiology of diabetic atherosclerosis and a contemporary review of the management of diabetes. The genesis of diabetic foot ulceration and prevention and management strategies is covered, as is the effects of neuropathy and microvascular changes in the diabetic foot. In addition, Diabetes and Peripheral Vascular Disease covers the microbiology of diabetic foot infections, the role of endovascular interventions and vascular surgery as well as the management of the complications of these procedures, the process of amputation for those patients who have progressed beyond a limb salvage situation, and the effects of diabetes on the cerebrovascular system as well as its implications in patients with aortoiliac disease. An invaluable addition to the literature on diabetes and peripheral vascular disease, the book will be of great interest internists, family practitioners, surgeons, podiatrists, wound care specialists, and vascular specialists. Students, residents, and fellows in surgical and medical specialties should also find this book of significant value and interest.

This is a unique compilation, by experts worldwide, addressing how diabetes impacts the nervous system. For example, diabetic polyneuropathy, a disorder more common than MS, Parkinson's disease, and ALS combined, is a major source of disability to diabetic persons worldwide. This book addresses diabetic polyneuropathy and how diabetes alters other parts of the nervous system.

Diabetes, in all of its forms, now constitutes a growing health concern, affecting all segments of the world's population. There is great interest in the factors which influence its etiology and progression. Among these, a number of viruses feature prominently. Hindered by technological limitations, research into this relationship has hitherto been scarce. Recent advances, however, have opened up the field and there is a burgeoning body of literature on the subject. Unfortunately, this literature has been diffuse and often difficult to access.For the first time, this book compiles the views of many of the world's experts in the field. It addresses questions, ranging from how viruses may destroy or modify the function of pancreatic islets; to which viruses are the most likely culprits; to whether vaccines or etiologic therapies might be used to prevent virus-induced diabetes. Diabetes and Viruses is the first comprehensive volume on an important and expanding field of research that is of interest to clinicians, healthcare managers, epidemiologists, veterinarians, and basic scientists.

The Epidemiology of Diabetes in Older People -- Type 2 Diabetes and Dementia -- Depression in Older People with Diabetes -- Hypoglycaemia and the Older Person -- Cardiovascular Risk, Glucose and Targets for Management of Diabetes in Older People -- Diabetes and Frailty -- Perceptions of Users and Carers in Supporting Diabetes Care: Practical Guidance, Support and Information for Carers -- Management of Elderly People with Diabetes in Primary Care.

Dyslipidemias: Pathophysiology, Evaluation and Management provides a wealth of general and detailed guidelines for the clinical evaluation and management of lipid disorders in adults and children. Covering the full range of common through rare lipid disorders, this timely resource offers targeted, practical information for all clinicians who care for patients with dyslipidemias, including general internists, pediatric and adult endocrinologists, pediatricians, lipidologists, cardiologists, internists, and geneticists. For the last twenty years, there has been a growing recognition worldwide of the importance of managing dyslipidemia for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease, especially coronary heart disease. This has been mainly due to the publication of the guidelines of National Cholesterol Education Programs Adult Treatment Panel and Pediatric Panel from the United States. These guidelines have stimulated generation of similar recommendations from all over the world, particularly Europe, Canada, Australia and Asia. Developed by a renowned group of leading international experts, the book offers state-of-the-art chapters that are peer-reviewed and represent a comprehensive assessment of the field. A major addition to the literature, Dyslipidemias: Pathophysiology, Evaluation and Management is a gold-standard level reference for all clinicians who are challenged to provide the best care and new opportunities for patients with dyslipidemias.

This volume updates its classic predecessor in both content and format. Written by two of the respected authorities in diagnostic endocrinology, it includes detailed information on how to perform and interpret those laboratory test procedures used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of the majority of known endocrine disorders. Newly designed, it provides a standardized format that makes it easier to access complete information about the diagnosis, screening, and management of traditional and newly perceived endocrine disorders. It provides sample calculations to assist with complex formulas as well as ICD-9 codes for all procedures.

Introduction to the endocrine system -- Endocrine function of the gastrointestinal tract -- Energy metabolism -- Calcium and phosphate homeostasis -- Hypothalamus-pituitary complex -- The thyroid gland -- The adrenal gland -- Life cycle of the male and female reproductive system -- The male reproductive system -- The female reproductive system -- Fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation.

Endocrine Emergencies: Recognition and Treatment offers a state-of-the-art update on the management of endocrine, diabetic, and metabolic emergencies. Developed by renowned experts, this comprehensive and easy to read title brings the field fully up to date, setting a high standard for diagnosis and treatment in each category. All chapters begin with a summary that presents, in concentrated form, what the physician needs to know to begin the evaluation and emergency treatment of the known endocrine emergencies. This is followed by an extended discussion of the pathophysiology that can be read after initial treatment has begun. Covering such areas as hypoglycemia, acute adrenal insufficiency, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, thyroid storm, and pituitary apoplexy, just to name several, Endocrine Emergencies: Recognition and Treatment is an invaluable, practical resource that will be of great interest to endocrinologists, internal medicine and emergency room physicians, fellows and residents.

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