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Psych for AP - Ch 1

Psychology's History and Approaches

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation. (p. 3)

structuralism

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind. (p. 4)

functionalism

a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. (p. 5)

experimental psychology

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method. (p. 6)

behaviorism

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). (pp. 6, 218)

humanistic psychology

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth. (p. 6)

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture. (p. 8)

natural selection

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. (pp. 8, 103)

levels of analysis

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. (p. 10)