Century Radio was the first regional station for North East England and also was the first to use the Century brand, which followed a 'personality' format, mixing speech and music. The station was originally based beside the Tyne Bridge in Gateshead, before relocating to Team Valley in 2008 to share a building with GMG stations Smooth Radio and Rock Radio. The station was originally called Century Radio, before changing its name to Century FM and finally reverting to the original moniker in 2008.

A 'listener's club' was formed, with parties at locations around the region attended by the station's presenters. The Jingling Gate in Stanley, County Durham was the most common location, but other events were held at the Stadium of Light and the Dolphin Centre in Darlington.

Late-night phone-in presenter Mike 'The Mouth' Elliott once caused controversy by walking out during his show. Elliot took an extended break after this controversy, during which time he appeared in the film Billy Elliot as boxing coach George Watson. He was also fired in January 2000 when bosses claimed that he was intoxicated on air. However, Elliott claims that he was "stoned out of his tree" on Benylin while trying to fight off a heavy cold. He was reemployed when Capital Radio took over the station.[1]

Ex-Metro Radio presenter Steve Colman's highly marketed introduction to the breakfast show was very unpopular, and he was sacked after just three weeks in August 1996. It was revealed that audiences had decreased rapidly, and businesses had threatened to pull their advertising. Colman is now with Smooth Radio.

Border sold the Century brand to GCap Media, and Myers left the group to head GMG Radio, where he set up the similar Real Radio network. Simons rejoined Myers to establish the Real and Smooth FM regional stations. In October 2006 GMG, Radio acquired the Century brand from GCap.[1]Paul Smith, a former BBC and commercial radio producer, then joined Century as Programme Controller, and Sales Director Debbie Bowman was promoted to Managing Director. Smith left the company after the current Programme Director Kevin Howard joined the company in September 2007.

On 18 December 2008 it was announced that Century Radio was to be re-branded as Real Radio on 30 March 2009.[2]

The station has previously broadcast extensively on football, a passion in the north east, and had a particularly close relationship with both Newcastle United and Middlesbrough. The station began its association with the game with the 1994 launch of 'The Big Mal Football Phone-In' hosted by Teesside presenter and Boro fan Dave Roberts and flamboyant ex-manager Malcolm Allison. The station then signed an exclusive radio rights deal with Middlesbrough FC with Roberts and Allison joined by local BBC broadcaster Ali Brownlee and the resultant 'Roberts & Brownlee Show' was born – a radio show biased in its commentary style towards Middlesbrough, so much so that Roberts was attacked in his commentary position by a disgruntled Newcastle fan at half time during a Tyne Tees derby at St James's Park.

On 25 June 2012, it was announced Global Radio (the owner of stations such as Capital and Heart) had bought GMG Radio. The former GMG stations, including Real Radio, were placed under a hold separate company known as Real and Smooth Limited.[6][7]

As of 5 November 2012, the station's local programming consisted of a daily breakfast and weekday drivetime shows from Newcastle with most non-peak output broadcast from Salford Quays.[8]

On 6 February 2014, Global Radio announced it would be rebranding all Real Radio stations as Heart.[9] Real Radio North East began a gradual transition to the Heart branding on 24 March 2014. The Real Radio branding was phased out a month later ahead of a full relaunch as Heart North East on Tuesday 6 May 2014.[10] Around the time of the rebrand, the station's audience share was 3.8% (as of June 2014).

In May 2015, Heart North East moved to new studios at new studios at Wellbar Central in Newcastle city centre,[11] shared with sister station Capital North East and Communicorp-owned Smooth North East.

Local programming is produced and broadcast from Heart's Newcastle studios from 6am to 10am and 4 – 7pm on weekdays, 1 – 5pm on Saturdays and 12pm – 4pm on Sundays. All networked programming originates from Global Radio's London headquarters, including the syndicated Vodafone Big Top 40 on Sunday afternoons.

Heart North East broadcasts hourly regional news bulletins from 6am to 7pm on weekdays and from 6am to 12pm at weekends - including two ten-minute weekday programmes, Heart Morning News at 6am and Heart Nightly News at 6:45pm - and headlines on the half hour during weekday breakfast and drivetime shows.[12]

National news updates air hourly from Global's London headquarters at all other times. Global's Newcastle newsroom also produces news bulletins for Capital North East and Smooth North East (owned by Communicorp).

1.
North East England
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North East England is one of the nine regions of England that are classified at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It covers Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear, the region is home to three large conurbations, Teesside, Wearside, and Tyneside, the latter of which is the largest of the three and the eighth most populous conurbation in the United Kingdom. The city of Durham is the county town of County Durham, other large settlements in the region include Darlington, Gateshead, Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, South Shields, Stockton-on-Tees and Washington. The region is hilly and sparsely populated in the North and West. The highest point in the region is The Cheviot, in the Cheviot Hills, Peters Church in Monkwearmouth, Sunderland and St. Pauls in Jarrow also hold significant historical value and have a joint bid to become a World Heritage Site. The area has a strong religious past, as can be seen in such as the Lindisfarne Gospels. The work of the 7th-century Cuthbert, Bede and Hilda of Whitby being hugely influential in the church and are still venerated today. Bede is regarded as the greatest Anglo-Saxon scholar and his best known work is The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. This body of work is thought to have been done in honour of Cuthbert, British history changed forever that day and three hundred years of Viking raids, battles and settlement were to persist until William the Conqueror defeated King Harold at Hastings in 1066. The last independent Northumbrian king from 947–8 was Eric Bloodaxe who died in battle at the Battle of Stainmore, Westmorland, after Eric Bloodaxes death, all England was ruled by Eadred the grandson of Alfred the Great and so began the machinery of national government. Today the Viking legacy can still be found in the language and place names of Northeast England, the name Newcastle comes from the new castle built shortly after their conquest in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conquerors eldest son. North East England has a climate with narrower temperature ranges than further south in England. Met Office operates several stations in the region. The stations nearest significant urban areas are Durham, Stockton-on-Tees and Tynemouth, the warmest summers in the region are found in Stockton-on-Tees and the Middlesbrough area with a 1981-2010 July average high of 20.4 °C. The summers on the coastlines are clearly cooler than in the southern and central inland areas. Moving further inland, frosts during winter gets more common due to the higher elevation and these companies are members of the Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster. The early chemical industry in this region was however primarily Tyneside based and associated with the manufacture of soap and glass. The most important chemical activity in the 18th and 19th centuries was the manufacture of alkali to make soap, what came out of the industrial revolution was a period when the Northeast of Englands economy was dominated by iron and steel, coal mining and shipbuilding

2.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product

3.
Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin ⁡ = sin ⁡ d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope

4.
Bilsdale transmitting station
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The Bilsdale transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, located at Bilsdale West Moor above Bilsdale, close to Helmsley, North Yorkshire, England. It includes a steel tubular mast that is primarily used for radio. The height of the mast is 314 metres to the pinnacle and it is among the most powerful in the UK at 500 kW ERP and has recently been equipped with new aircraft warning lights, in the form of arrays of ultra bright red LEDs. Bilsdale was constructed in 1969 by the BBC to bring 625-line colour television on UHF to Teesside and it was built by J. L. Eve Construction. Coverage extends throughout Teesside and the regions, encompassing north North Yorkshire. A photograph Views of Bilsdale from Anoraks Guide to Radio in North Yorkshire

5.
Digital audio broadcasting
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Digital audio broadcasting is a digital radio standard for broadcasting digital audio radio services, used in several countries across Europe and Asia Pacific. The DAB standard was initiated as a European research project in the 1980s, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation launched the first DAB channel in the world on 1 June 1995, and the BBC and Swedish Radio launched their first DAB digital radio broadcasts in September 1995. DAB receivers have been available in many countries since the end of the 1990s, DAB may offer more radio programmes over a specific spectrum than analogue FM radio. Audio quality varies depending on the used and audio material. Most stations use a bit rate of 128 kbit/s or less with the MP2 audio codec, which requires 160 kbit/s to achieve perceived FM quality. 128 kbit/s gives better dynamic range or signal-to-noise ratio than FM radio, but a more smeared stereo image, however, CD quality sound with MP2 is possible with 256…192 kbps. An upgraded version of the system was released in February 2007, DAB is not forward compatible with DAB+, which means that DAB-only receivers are not able to receive DAB+ broadcasts. However, broadcasters can mix DAB and DAB+ programs inside the same transmission, DAB+ is approximately twice as efficient as DAB, and more robust. In spectrum management, the bands that are allocated for public DAB services, are abbreviated with T-DAB, where the T stands for terrestrial. More than 30 countries provide DAB transmissions, and several countries, such as Norway, UK, Australia, Italy, Malta, Switzerland, The Netherlands, in many countries it is expected that DAB will gradually replace FM radio. Norway was the first country to announce national FM radio analog switchoff starting from 2017, DAB has been under development since 1981 at the Institut für Rundfunktechnik. In 1985 the first DAB demonstrations were held at the WARC-ORB in Geneva, later DAB was developed as a research project for the European Union, which started in 1987 on initiative by a consortium formed in 1986. The MPEG-1 Audio Layer II codec was created as part of the EU147 project, a choice of audio codec, modulation and error-correction coding schemes and first trial broadcasts were made in 1990. Public demonstrations were made in 1993 in the United Kingdom, the protocol specification was finalized in 1993 and adopted by the ITU-R standardization body in 1994, the European community in 1995 and by ETSI in 1997. Pilot broadcasts were launched in countries in 1995. The UK was the first country to receive a range of radio stations via DAB. Commercial DAB receivers began to be sold in 1999 and over 50 commercial, the standard was coordinated by the European DAB forum, formed in 1995 and reconstituted to the World DAB Forum in 1997, which represents more than 30 countries. In 2006 the World DAB Forum became the World DMB Forum which now presides over both the DAB and DMB standard, in October 2005, the World DMB Forum instructed its Technical Committee to carry out the work needed to adopt the AAC+ audio codec and stronger error correction coding

6.
Adult contemporary
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Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and it is usually melodic enough to get a listeners attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure, the format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched, however, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers. An AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it excludes hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as these are popular among adults. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s, a common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart, over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including hot AC, soft AC, urban AC, rhythmic AC, and Christian AC. Some stations play only hot AC, soft AC, or only one of the variety of subgenres, therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music, it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres. Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, a few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17,1961, with 20 songs, the chart described itself as not too far out in either direction. Initially, the vocalists consisted of such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s. After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced, better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the charts most popular performers and these middle of the road stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs. Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or beautiful music stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient, hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody

7.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

8.
Global Group
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Global is a British media company formed in 2007, which owns a large number of radio stations across the country. The company has expanded through a number of acquisitions, including Chrysalis Radio, GCap Media, Global also has a television broadcasting division and runs artist management services. A year later on 31 October 2008 Global Radio officially took control of all GCap Media, the GCap Media name was dropped at this time. The GCap purchase gave Global the network of FM stations which GCap had operated as The One Network, plus Classic FM, XFM, Capital Xtra, Gold, following the acquisition of GCap Media, Global was required to sell off a number of stations in the Midlands. The stations were bought by Orion Media, headed by Phil Riley, the remaining stations briefly formed The Hit Music Network before being merged with the Galaxy network and Capital London into the Capital network. On 25 June 2012, Global acquired GMG Radio for a sum thought to be between £50 and £70 million, it continued to be run separately while a review was conducted. In May 2013, the Competition Commission ruled that Global would be required to sell seven stations across the network, when this failed Global Radio launched an appeal against the decision. The appeal was based on three grounds, Real and Smooth as alternatives to the Greater Manchester stations, reliance on significant adverse effects in the North-West Globals remedy proposal. On 6 February 2014, it was announced that a number of stations would be sold to the Irish broadcaster Communicorp, most stay under their current brands though the Real stations will be renamed Heart and carry the Heart network off-peak programming as provided by Global. Global will retain control of all stations, relaunching the existing Heart North West. Real XS in Paisley will be retained by Global and join the XFM network and it was announced in June 2015 that Darren Singer would be appointed as Globals Chief Financial Officer. In February 2017, Global changed its name from This is Global Limited to Global Media & Entertainment Limited. It also changed all its social media handles from thisisglobal to global, Global also combined the three sub-companies, Global Radio, Global Entertainment and Global Television into just Global. A group of playing chart music. On 3 January 2011, Capital London, The Hit Music Network, known as 95 –106 Capital, The UK’s No.1 Hit Music Station all stations ID locally as Capital. An all-urban station based in London, originally named Choice FM, until Summer 2010 it was sold as part of the Galaxy network for marketing purposes only, but retained its own separate branding and programming. From then on, with Galaxy ultimately absorbed into Capital, Choice sat as its own brand within Globals lineup, on 7 October 2013 Choice FM was rebranded as Capital Xtra and made available nationally via DAB radio. Heart is a network of adult-contemporary pop stations which currently broadcasts in numerous areas of England, Wales, the network began with a single regional station in the West Midlands and subsequently a second station in London

9.
Capital North East
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Capital North East is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global Radio as part of the Capital radio network. It broadcasts to North East England from studios in Newcastle, the station launched on 1 June 1999 as Galaxy 105–106, renamed in 2006 as Galaxy North East and rebranded on 3 January 2011 as 105–106 Capital. Originally called Galaxy 105–106, presenter Steve Furnell launched the station on Tuesday 1 June 1999, the station was based in Wallsend, North Tyneside at the Silverlink Business Park, near the junction of the A1058 and the A19,6 miles east of Newcastle City Centre. The name was changed to Galaxy North East in 2006, in line with other Galaxy stations and this year also saw a change in demographic from 15–29 to 15–34 and a new strapline of passion for music, passion for life. In 2008, their strapline was changed from passion for music, in 2008, they also changed their output format to include a more mainstream playlist. During late 2010, the changed to The North Easts No.1 Hit Music Station. Networked programming was broadcast from Galaxy Yorkshire in Leeds, the station was rebranded as 105–106 Capital on 3 January 2011 as part of a merger of Global Radios Galaxy and Hit Music networks to form the nine-stations of Capital. Steve Furnell and Karen Wight remained on breakfast Roger Bodg Howard on drive time, kim Miljus was appointed managing director of Capital North East, replacing Matt Bashford, she was the former station director of Metro Radio. Giles Eyre-Tanner became the programme controller on 5 October 2011. Long-serving weekday breakfast presenters Steve Furnell and Karen Wight left Capital North East to join rival station Metro Radio, weekday drivetime presenter Roger Bodg Howard, producer Matt Bailey and Take Me Out contestant JoJo Hatfield took over from the duo on 3 January 2012. Lee Sevenoaks was brought in as Breakfast Producer for the show,2010 Student Radio Awards winner Rob Howard joined the station and presented weekday drivetime for three years. In May 2015, Capital North East moved to new studios at new studios at Wellbar Central in Newcastle city centre, shared with sister station Heart North East, local programming is produced and broadcast from Capitals Newcastle studios from 6-10am and 4-7pm on weekdays and 12-4pm at weekends. All networked programming originates from Global Radios London headquarters, including the syndicated Vodafone Big Top 40 on Sunday afternoons, the stations local presenters are Roger Bodg Howard and Matt Bailey, Martin Lowes and Thomas Hannett. Capital North East broadcasts hourly news updates from 6am-7pm on weekdays. The Newcastle newsroom also produces news bulletins for Heart North East

10.
Smooth North East
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Smooth North East is a regional radio station owned by Communicorp and operated by Global Radio as part of the Smooth radio network. It broadcasts to North East England from studios in Newcastle, the station was designed to cover Newcastle and the surrounding areas, Sunderland, Durham, Darlington and Middlesbrough. It can also be heard much of North Yorkshire as far south as Northallerton, as far north as Morpeth. The licence for the station was awarded to the Saga Radio Group. However, GMG Radio inherited it following its purchase of Saga in December 2006, all stations concerned ceased broadcasting on Friday 23 March 2007, and were replaced the following Monday by the new network. Test transmissions for Smooth North East began on 22 November 2007, and this included television commercials featuring images of some of the music industrys most notable artists, such as Buddy Holly, Diana Ross and Rod Stewart. The station launched at 8am on 8 January 2008, the music format of the station was middle of the road, adult contemporary music, aimed at an audience aged 45 and over. Local programming originated from studios at Team Valley, Gateshead, networked programming was syndicated from sister station Smooth North West at Salford Quays, Manchester. In 2010 GMG announced that it would be merging its five Smooth stations in England to create a nationwide Smooth Radio service based in Manchester, the new station was launched on 4 October 2010 and could be heard both on DAB and on the locally on the FM frequencies. Global Radio reached an agreement to sell Smooth North East and seven others to Communicorp, under this agreement, Smooth would continue to broadcast on its regional frequencies, but would be required to provide seven hours of local output per day. The local studios are now shared with Global-owned stations Capital North East, in May 2015, all three stations moved to new studios at Wellbar Central in Newcastle city centre. Local programming is produced and broadcast from Smooths Newcastle studios from 6-10am and 4-8pm on weekdays, all networked programming originates from Global Radios London headquarters. The stations regional presenters are Steve Colman and Clive Warren, Smooth North East broadcasts hourly news updates every hour every day. Regional news bulletins from 6am-7pm on weekdays and 6am-12pm at weekends, the bulletins are produced for Communicorp by Global Radios Newcastle newsroom, which also produces bulletins for Heart North East and Capital North East. National news updates air hourly from Globals London headquarters at all other times, Smooth North East A smooth star is born in the North East Smooth Radio starts testing

11.
Radio broadcasting
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Radio broadcasting is a unidirectional wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a radio format. Audio broadcasting also can be done via radio, local wire television networks, satellite radio. The signal types can be either analog audio or digital audio, the earliest radio stations were simply radiotelegraphy systems and did not carry audio. For audio broadcasts to be possible, electronic detection and amplification devices had to be incorporated, the thermionic valve was invented in 1904 by the English physicist John Ambrose Fleming. He developed a device he called an oscillation valve, the heated filament, or cathode, was capable of thermionic emission of electrons that would flow to the plate when it was at a higher voltage. Electrons, however, could not pass in the direction because the plate was not heated. Later known as the Fleming valve, it could be used as a rectifier of alternating current and this greatly improved the crystal set which rectified the radio signal using an early solid-state diode based on a crystal and a so-called cats whisker. However, what was required was an amplifier. The triode was patented on March 4,1906, by the Austrian Robert von Lieben independent from that, on October 25,1906 and it wasnt put to practical use until 1912 when its amplifying ability became recognized by researchers. By about 1920, valve technology had matured to the point where radio broadcasting was quickly becoming viable, however, an early audio transmission that could be termed a broadcast may have occurred on Christmas Eve in 1906 by Reginald Fessenden, although this is disputed. Charles Herrold started broadcasting in California in 1909 and was carrying audio by the next year, in The Hague, the Netherlands, PCGG started broadcasting on November 6,1919, making it, arguably the first commercial broadcasting station. In 1916, Frank Conrad, an engineer employed at the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, began broadcasting from his Wilkinsburg. Later, the station was moved to the top of the Westinghouse factory building in East Pittsburgh, Westinghouse relaunched the station as KDKA on November 2,1920, as the first commercially licensed radio station in America. The commercial broadcasting designation came from the type of broadcast license, the first licensed broadcast in the United States came from KDKA itself, the results of the Harding/Cox Presidential Election. In 1920, wireless broadcasts for entertainment began in the UK from the Marconi Research Centre 2MT at Writtle near Chelmsford, England. A famous broadcast from Marconis New Street Works factory in Chelmsford was made by the famous soprano Dame Nellie Melba on 15 June 1920 and she was the first artist of international renown to participate in direct radio broadcasts. The 2MT station began to broadcast regular entertainment in 1922, the BBC was amalgamated in 1922 and received a Royal Charter in 1926, making it the first national broadcaster in the world, followed by Czech Radio and other European broadcasters in 1923

12.
Heart (radio network)
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Heart is a radio network of 21 adult contemporary local radio stations operated by Global Radio in the United Kingdom, broadcasting a mix of local and networked programming. Eighteen of the Heart stations are owned by Global, while the three are operated under franchise agreements. Heart began broadcasting on 6 September 1994, as 100.7 Heart FM being the UKs third Independent Regional Radio station, five days after Century Radio, the first song to be played on 100.7 Heart FM was Something Got Me Started, by Simply Red. Its original format of adult contemporary music included artists such as Lionel Richie, Simply Red. Reflecting this, its slogan was 100.7 degrees cooler. Heart 106.2 began test transmissions in London in August 1995, the test transmissions included live broadcasts of WPLJ from New York City. The Heart programming format was modified in 1996, the new format saw the soft AC music replaced with a generally more neutral Hot AC music playlist. Century 106 in the East Midlands became the station of the Heart network in 2005 after GCap Media sold Century. Chrysalis radio holdings were sold to Global Radio in 2007, Heart East Midlands was sold to Orion Media due to the same competition concerns that had forced its earlier sale to Chrysalis. Two Hit Music Network stations were closed and merged with Heart stations. Stations in Gloucestershire, Kent, London, the West Midlands, Heart Cymru, serving Gwynedd and Anglesey, moved its studios from Bangor to Wrexham but retained its extended local output of 10 hours on weekdays and 8 hours on Saturdays and Sundays. Heart North West and Wales retained an opt-out on 96. 3FM for Welsh language programming, the move saw Hearts networked programming replaced by local output from Nottingham. On 19 March 2012, Global Radio announced it had brought the Cornwall ILR station Atlantic FM from joint owners Tindle Radio and Camel Media. Atlantic FM became part of the Heart Network and merged with Heart Devon on Monday 7 May 2012 to form Heart South West, the Communicorp-owned stations use Hearts network programming and branding under a franchise agreement with Global. Global Radio extended the Heart network to the Real Radio network of stations from Tuesday 6 May 2014. The two stations based in Wrexham - Heart North West and Wales and Heart Cymru - became part of the Capital FM Network on the same date. Local programming is produced and broadcast live from the originating Heart stations studios and is broadcast from 6-10am and 4-7pm on weekdays, 1-5pm on Saturdays, however, some news content is produced from neighbouring stations. For example, news bulletins for the networks West Country, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire stations are all produced from Bristol

13.
Newcastle upon Tyne
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Newcastle is the most populous city in the North East and forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation, the eighth most populous urban area in the United Kingdom. Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it became a county of itself, the regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is Geordie. Newcastle also houses Newcastle University, a member of the Russell Group, the city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conquerors eldest son. The city grew as an important centre for the trade in the 14th century. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the lower down the River Tyne, was amongst the worlds largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. Newcastles economy includes corporate headquarters, learning, digital technology, retail, tourism and cultural centres, among its icons are Newcastle United football club and the Tyne Bridge. Since 1981 the city has hosted the Great North Run, a marathon which attracts over 57,000 runners each year. The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius and it was given the family name of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who founded it in the 2nd century AD. This rare honour suggests Hadrian may have visited the site and instituted the bridge on his tour of Britain, Pons Aelius population at this period was estimated at 2,000. Fragments of Hadrians Wall are visible in parts of Newcastle, particularly along the West Road, the course of the Roman Wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort in Wallsend—the walls end—and to the supply fort Arbeia in South Shields. After the Roman departure from Britain, completed in 410, Newcastle became part of the powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, conflicts with the Danes in 876 left the river Tyne and its settlements in ruin. After the conflicts with the Danes, and following the 1088 rebellion against the Normans, Monkchester was all, because of its strategic position, Robert Curthose, son of William the Conqueror, erected a wooden castle there in the year 1080. The town was known as Novum Castellum or New Castle. The wooden structure was replaced by a castle in 1087. The castle was again in 1172 during the reign of Henry II. Much of the keep which can be seen in the city dates from this period. Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was Englands northern fortress, incorporated first by Henry II, the city had a new charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589

14.
Tyne Bridge Tower
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The Tyne Bridge Tower was a tower block that resided at the foot of the Tyne Bridge on the Gateshead side of the River Tyne, near the medieval St Marys Church and The Sage. It was constructed in the 1960s, the 13 floor building was used by the Inland Revenue until June 2005, after which it stood empty until its demolition in March 2011. The demolition was funded by One North East, a development agency. Total cost was just over £500,000, Tyne Bridge Tower to be sold off Tyne Bridge Tower comes down Fire during demolition

15.
Tyne Bridge
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The Tyne Bridge is a through arch bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead. The Bridge was designed by the engineering firm Mott, Hay and Anderson, who designed the Forth Road Bridge. The bridge was opened on 10 October 1928 by King George V and has since become a defining symbol of Tyneside. It is ranked as the tenth tallest structure in the city, the earliest bridge across the Tyne, Pons Aelius, was built by the Romans near the location of the present Tyne Bridge. Built around 122, it fell into disrepair, the next bridge built was one of stone in 1270. After 500 years, this was destroyed by the flood of 1771. In 1781, a new bridge across the Tyne was completed. Increased shipping activity led to the bridge being removed in 1866 to make way for construction of the present Swing Bridge. Work started in August 1925 with Dorman Long acting as the building contractors, despite the dangers of the building work, only one worker, Nathaniel Collins, a father of four and a local scaffolder from South Shields, died in the building of this structure. The Tyne Bridge was designed by Mott, Hay and Anderson and these bridges derived their design from the Hell Gate Bridge in New York City. The bridge was completed on 25 February 1928, and officially opened on 10 October by King George V and Queen Mary, the opening ceremony was attended by 20,000 schoolchildren who had been given the day off. Movietone news recorded the speech given by the King, the Tyne Bridges towers were built of Cornish granite and were designed by local architect Robert Burns Dick as warehouses with five storeys. But, the floors of the warehouses in the bridges towers were not completed and, as a result. Lifts for passengers and goods were built in the towers to provide access to the Quayside, the bridges design uses a parabolic arch. The bridge was painted green with special paint made by J. Dampney Co. of Gateshead. The same colours were used to paint the bridge in 2000, the bridge spans 531 feet and the road deck is 84 feet above the river level. Tram lines were built into the Tyne Bridge structure and ready for use after the opening ceremony in October 1928. Tram car No.289 was the last Newcastle tram to run into Gateshead over the Tyne Bridge on Sunday 5 March 1950 at approximately 10.55 pm, the tram lines were subsequently removed, although some vestiges of these remain such as redundant fixings for overhead power lines

16.
Gateshead
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Gateshead is a large town in Tyne and Wear, England, and the main settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. The local authority of Gateshead is also the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Gateshead lay in County Durham, in 1835 the town became part of Gateshead County Borough. After the Local Government Act 1972, in 1974, Gateshead became part of the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough local authority, the town lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Gateshead and Newcastle are joined by seven bridges across the Tyne, the town is known for its architecture, including the Sage Gateshead, the Angel of the North and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. Residents of Gateshead, like the rest of Tyneside, are referred to as Geordies, Gatesheads population in 2011 was 120,046. Gateshead is first mentioned in Latin translation in Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People as ad caput caprae at the goats head, although other derivations have been mooted, it is this that is given by the standard authorities. There has been a settlement on the Gateshead side of the River Tyne, around the old river crossing where the Swing Bridge now stands, the first recorded mention of Gateshead is in the writings of the Venerable Bede who referred to an Abbot of Gateshead called Utta in 623. In 1068 William the Conqueror defeated the forces of Edgar the Ætheling, during medieval times Gateshead was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Durham. At this time the area was largely forest with agricultural land. The forest was the subject of Gatesheads first charter, granted in the 12th century by Hugh du Puiset, an alternative spelling may be Gatishevede, as seen in a legal record, dated 1430. The earliest recorded coal mining in the Gateshead area is dated to 1344, as trade on the Tyne prospered there were several attempts by the burghers of Newcastle to annex Gateshead. In 1576 a small group of Newcastle merchants acquired the Grand Lease of the manors of Gateshead, in the hundred years from 1574 coal shipments from Newcastle increased elevenfold while the population of Gateshead doubled to approximately 5,500. However, the lease and the abundant coal supplies ended in 1680, the pits were shallow as problems of ventilation and flooding defeated attempts to mine coal from the deeper seams. William Hawks originally a blacksmith, started business in Gateshead in 1747, Hawks and Co. eventually became one of the biggest iron businesses in the North, producing anchors, chains and so on to meet a growing demand. There was keen rivalry between Hawks Blacks and Crowleys Crew. The famous Hawks men including Ned White, went on to be celebrated in Geordie song, throughout the Industrial Revolution the population of Gateshead expanded rapidly, between 1801 and 1901 the increase was over 100,000. This expansion resulted in the spread southwards of the town, in 1854, a catastrophic explosion on the quayside destroyed most of Gatesheads medieval heritage, and caused widespread damage on the Newcastle side of the river. Robert Stirling Newall took out a patent on the manufacture of ropes in 1840

17.
Smooth Radio
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Smooth Radio is a network of adult contemporary local radio stations broadcasting on FM and AM stations in the United Kingdom. Launched in March 2014, they replaced the national Smooth Radio that had launched in 2010 on FM, each FM station broadcasts localised breakfast and drivetime programming on weekdays, with networked shows simulcast from London at all other times. Three of the six FM stations, and all eighteen AM frequencies, are owned and operated by Global, most of the output was broadcast from Salford Quays in Manchester, with other programming coming from Castlereagh Street in London. On 25 June 2012, GMG Radios owners, Guardian Media Group sold its division to Global at an estimated price of between £50 million and £70 million. Global renamed GMG Radio Real and Smooth Radio Ltd, several rival radio groups expressed their concerns over the takeover and the effect it could have on commercial radio in the UK. Ofcom launched a review of the sale, and it was announced that GMG Radio, on the same day the Competition Commission announced it would publish its findings into the takeover by 27 March 2013. The Competition Commission published its report into the acquisition on 21 May 2013. Global subsequently appealed the decision, but this was rejected by the Competition Appeal Tribunal in November, Global announced in December that it would not contest the decision, and would instead begin the process of selling the assets as directed by the Commission. Under this agreement, Smooth would continue to broadcast on its regional frequencies, under a franchising agreement between the two firms, these stations would retain the Smooth Radio name, but relaunch airing a mixture of both regional content and networked programming from London. Smooth would also take over Golds medium wave frequencies, except in London, Manchester and this also coincided with the return of local programming at breakfast and drivetime. Many of the FM/AM stations, but not all, are also on DAB where this is provided in their coverage area, digital TV platforms carry the London version of Smooth

18.
Rock Radio
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Rock Radio was a brand of radio stations in the United Kingdom owned by GMG Radio. 96.3 Rock Radio was the first station in the network and it operated in West Central Scotland. The station was launched on the frequency which was used by Paisley local radio station Q96. A digital station named Rock Radio was launched on DAB on 1 April 2008 in the North East of England, and extended to Yorkshire and the Severn Estuary from 2010. It was initially a station, then switched to automated rock service similar to The Arrow. 106.1 Rock Radio launched in Manchester in May 2008, the station was a new city licence awarded to GMG under the name Rock Talk, which originally proposed to broadcast talk programming in peak hours and rock music in the off-peak. The station is available on FM in Manchester but is not currently on DAB in its target area. Since September 2009, automated evening content on 96.3 Rock Radio had been replaced by presented programmes from 106.1 Rock Radio, in September 2011106.1 Rock Radio was renamed 106.1 Real Radio XS

19.
Border Television
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The TV service previously covered the Isle of Man from 26 March 1965 until 15 July 2009. The licence for the region was transferred from Border TV to ITV Broadcasting Limited in November 2008, the legal name of the company was changed on 29 December 2006 from Border Television Ltd to ITV Border Ltd. This company is, along with most other companies owned by ITV plc. However, on 16 September 2013, a regional news service for the Border region was restored as part of an extensive relaunch of the stations local programming. A sub-regional service for the south of Scotland was reintroduced in January 2014, prior to this, the ITA had moved away from the idea of satellite stations towards companies that had strong local ownership. The contract covered two new transmitters at Caldbeck, near Carlisle and Selkirk, near Saint Boswells in the Scottish Borders, Granada Television and ABC Weekend Television had laid a claim to providing service via Caldbeck whilst Scottish Television expressed a strong interest in Selkirk. Two applications were received, one from Solway Television and another from Border Television, Border were chosen on the basis of their plans and management which was considered local but still featured names from large business and from the world of education. Launch was scheduled for February 1961 but construction problems with both transmitters resulted in delays until May of that year, as this led into the summer holiday period, Border asked for a launch delay as the break would affect advertising revenue. Accordingly, Border launched on Friday 1 September 1961, from Friday 26 March 1965, the Isle of Man was added to Borders coverage area. Initially, Border produced little for the network and concentrated on local programming, later, when ITV and the BBC were given permission to extend broadcasting hours to daytime, Border carved a niche for providing the ITV network with afternoon quizzes and light entertainment. Meanwhile, a 15-minute music show, The Sound of, was seen across several ITV regions and featured The Spinners, British folk music band The Settlers and other similar artists. Financial and industrial began to hit the company during the 1970s – a fall in net profits to just £13,587, led to job losses. From January 1982, Border began broadcasting to south Cumbria from the Kendal transmitter which previously carried Granada, the dispute led to several members of management resigning - with Jim Graham moving from the BBC to become managing director and Paul Corley joining as director of programming. Graham and Corley began to transform Border by targeting a greater presence on the ITV network, Graham hired Melvyn Bragg to present new programming. Melvyn Bragg went on to become deputy chairman of Border Television in 1985, in 1996, he left the post but remained on the board. In 1989, Border began providing a service for Scottish Borders viewers served by the Selkirk transmitter. In April 1999, the opt-out was extended to cover Dumfries and Galloway, the following August, Border began to use the opt-out service to provide split coverage of sports and occasional political programming. The station also opened an Edinburgh bureau to provide coverage of the Scottish Parliament, by May 1995, Grampian had brought out Borders stake in the company

20.
John Myers (radio executive)
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John Myers is a former British radio executive, consultant and presenter. He is the former Chairman of the UK Radio Academy Awards, The Commercial Radio Awards, Myers developed the Century Radio brand for Border Radio Holdings in the early 1990s, launching two more stations later in the decade. He presented programmes under the pseudonym John Morgan and he then became Chief Executive of GMG Radio, developing the Real Radio, Smooth Radio and Rock Radio brands and overseeing GMG Radios acquisition of the Century network from GCap Media. He served as Chief Executive of The Radio Academy from April 2011 until June 2012 and the founding Chairman of TeamRock, retiring in May,2016. In 2009, he was asked by the Labour Government to produce a report on the future of radio in the UK which was published by the Department for Culture, Media. A number of his recommendations were taken up by the Digital Economy Act 2010, leading to, amongst others, mergers within the Heart and Smooth Radio networks. Myers reviewed efficiencies at four BBC radio stations during the first quarter of 2011 and, in late 2011, Myers started his radio career in 1980 as a Station Assistant for BBC Radio Cumbria. He was the stations first country music presenter while also presenting and producing a number of music programmes and he became a presenter in 1982 for Red Rose and then, Radio Tees in 1984. He remained in television presentation for four years returning to Red Rose Radio in 1989 and he became managing director of Border Radio Holdings in 1993, launching their independent local radio station, CFM. Myers presented the breakfast programme, the Friday night phone-in and a Sunday lunch-time programme, in September 1994, he launched Century Radio in North East England. He again presented the breakfast show, this time under the pseudonym of John Morgan, Myers later released a compilation cassette of the wind-ups from his show, and even a novelty single, called Three Rosettes, under the further pseudonym of Mr Martin. He also co-presented other shows, such as the Sunday lunch time Fun on the Phones, during this time he also presented segments on Tyne Tees Televisions magazine show. Ratings fell when Myers stepped down from presenting the breakfast show, Myers returned for another 12 months until Paul Gough replaced him in 1997. In 1997 Myers left the North East to launch 106 Century FM in the East Midlands, a year later the BBC television fly on the wall documentary Trouble at the Top followed the launch of 105.4 Century FM in North West England. Myers moved to Guardian Media Group after they announced they planning to enter the radio stations Market, sir Robert Phillis, the former GMG chief executive, enlisted him to establish GMGs radio division after seeing Myers on the documentary programme Trouble at the Top. Myers became managing director of GMG Radio in 1999, winning the first licence for GMG, Real Radio, Myers resurrected the Fun On The Phones presenting as John Morgan, with John Simons occasionally presenting. The breakfast show was presented by Terry Underhill and Sarah Graham in the first few years of the station and he became chief executive of GMGR in 2002, and joined the board of directors of the Guardian Media Group in 2006. In October 2006, GMG Radio bought the two remaining Century stations from GCap, bringing Myers to control the brand he started in 1994

21.
Pseudonym
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A pseudonym or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their original or true name. Historically, they have taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms. Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones, actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use stage names, for example, to mask their ethnic backgrounds. A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons, for example the co-authors of a work, such as Ellery Queen, the term is derived from the Greek ψευδώνυμον, literally false name, from ψεῦδος, lie, falsehood and ὄνομα, name. A pseudonym is distinct from an allonym, which is the name of another person and this may occur when someone is ghostwriting a book or play, or in parody, or when using a front name, such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the 1950s and 1960s. See also pseudepigraph, for falsely attributed authorship, sometimes people change their name in such a manner that the new name becomes permanent and is used by all who know the person. This is not an alias or pseudonym, but in fact a new name, in many countries, including common law countries, a name change can be ratified by a court and become a persons new legal name. He then changed his name again to Malik El-Shabazz when he converted to Islam, likewise some Jews adopted Hebrew family names upon immigrating to Israel, dropping surnames that had been in their families for generations. The politician David Ben-Gurion, for example, was born David Grün in Poland and he adopted his Hebrew name in 1910, when he published his first article in a Zionist journal in Jerusalem. Criminals may use aliases, fictitious business names, and dummy corporations to hide their identity, a pen name, or nom de plume, is a pseudonym adopted by an author. Some female authors used male pen names, in particular in the 19th century, the Brontë family used pen names for their early work, so as not to reveal their gender and so that local residents would not know that the books related to people of the neighbourhood. The Brontës used their neighbours as inspiration for characters in many of their books, anne Brontë published The Tenant of Wildfell Hall under the name Acton Bell. Charlotte Brontë published Shirley and Jane Eyre under the name Currer Bell, emily Brontë published Wuthering Heights as Ellis Bell. A well-known example of the former is Mary Ann Evans, who wrote as George Eliot, Another example is Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, a 19th-century French writer who used the pen name George Sand. In contrast, some twentieth and twenty first century male romance novelists have used pen names. A few examples of male authors using female pseudonyms include Brindle Chase, Peter ODonnell and Christopher Wood. A pen name may be used if a real name is likely to be confused with the name of another writer or notable individual. Authors who write both fiction and non-fiction, or in different genres, may use different pen names to avoid confusing their readers, in some cases, an author may become better known by his pen name than his real name

22.
105.4 Century FM
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Heart North West is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global Radio as part of the Heart network. The station broadcasts to North West England from studios at Exchange Quay, originally known as Century Radio and Century FM, and from 2009 Real Radio North West, the station relaunched as Heart North West on Tuesday 6 May 2014. The station opened as Century Radio on 8 September 1998 as the second Century station in the country, owned and operated by Border Television, Century was founded by managing director John Myers, who had also established the north east station. Like the first station, Myers also presented the breakfast show under the pseudonym John Morgan, the stations launch was the subject of an episode of a BBC Two fly-on-the-wall documentary Trouble at the Top, mainly following Myers. The episode, entitled Degsy Rides Again, showed Myers attempts to train lunchtime phone-in host Derek Hatton, Myers was not confident enough in Hatton for him to appear on pre-launch publicity, although his show The Degsy Debate performed well at the first RAJAR. Also amongst its launch presenters was controversial shock jock Scottie McClue, the documentary also covered the stations acquisition of exclusive commentary rights for Manchester United F. C. s games. They remained Uniteds official radio partner for almost a decade until selling the rights to Xfm Manchester for the 2007–08 season, Myers left the group to head GMG Radio, overseeing the launch of the similar Real Radio brand. Capital Radio bought the Century network, and was acquired by GCap Media. GMG Radio acquired the Century stations in October 2006, reuniting Myers, Century was re-branded as Real Radio on Monday 30 March 2009. On 15 October 2012, Real Radio announced the station would increase its amount of networked programming, on 25 June 2012 it was announced Global Radio had bought GMG Radio. The former GMG stations, including Real Radio, continued to operate separately as Real, on 6 February 2014, Global Radio announced it would be rebranding all Real Radio stations as Heart. Real Radio North West began a transition to the Heart branding on 24 March 2014. On 1 May 2014, local programming moved from Laser House in Salford to nearby Exchange Quay, sharing facilities with sister stations Capital Manchester, the full relaunch as Heart North West took place at 6am on Tuesday 6 May 2014. Local programming is produced and broadcast from Hearts Salford studios from 6-10am and 4-7pm on weekdays, 1-5pm on Saturdays, all networked programming originates from Global Radios London headquarters, including the syndicated Vodafone Big Top 40 on Sunday afternoons. The stations local presenters are Joel Ross and Lorna Bancroft, Russ Morris and Carl Spencer. 45pm - and headlines on the hour during weekday breakfast. National news updates air hourly from Globals London headquarters at all other times, Globals Salford newsroom also produces news bulletins for Capital Manchester, Smooth North West and XS Manchester

23.
Stanley, County Durham
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Stanley is a former colliery town and civil parish in County Durham, England. Centred on a hilltop between Chester-le-Street and Consett, the town lies south west of Gateshead, Stanley was formerly divided into three distinct settlements – the main town of West Stanley and the mining villages of East Stanley and South Stanley. Through a process of expansion, these have become amalgamated into one town, with East. The current Parish covers the vast majority of the former Stanley Urban District Council area, with the exception of Dipton, Stanley was first mentioned in 1211, however, some neolithic and Roman remains have been found in the area. The towns name is derived from the Old English for Stoney Field, in John Speeds map of Co. Durham Stanley appears called Standley. Local businesses in Stanley town centre were also affected by the development of the giant MetroCentre shopping complex in nearby Gateshead. The Harry Ramsdens chain sued, citing breach of copyright, with Ramadan backing down shortly after the publicity had subsided. Soon thereafter, the took on new ownership and adopted the new name Jump 4 Joys before closing down entirely in 2001. Faced with this opposition, the company dropped its proposals to open a club on the site and instead converted the venue into a hotel. In 2005, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister granted permission to plans to form a Stanley Town Council. This followed a campaign by local people, including a petition of over 2000 names, campaigners promised that the new Town Council would increase the pace of regeneration within the town. In 2008, an arson attack left a building on Stanley Front Street in ruins along with a billiards club. November 2008 saw the demolition of the burnt buildings, Durham County Council was created in 1888 and covered the whole of County Durham. The Urban District Council area of Stanley was created in 1894, prior to this, Stanley had been administered for the purposes of the Poor Law and sanitation by the Lanchester Union. The initial Stanley District comprised West Stanley, Shield Row and South Moor, whilst separate Urban District Councils were created in Annfield Plain and Tanfield. After a governance review in 1937, the three Councils were combined and Craghead was transferred from the Lanchester Rural District to form a larger Stanley Urban District. Politically the local authority is dominated by the Labour Party, with 7 of the towns 8 allotted seats on Durham County Council being held by the party. The town lies in the North Durham Parliamentary constituency, which it shares with Chester-le-Street, prior to 1983 the town formed part of the Consett constituency

24.
Stadium of Light
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The Stadium of Light is an all-seater football stadium in Sunderland, England and home to Sunderland A. F. C. With space for 49,000 spectators, the Stadium of Light has the eighth-largest capacity of any English football stadium and is the sixth-largest capacity Premier League stadium, the stadium primarily hosts Sunderland A. F. C. home matches. According to Sir Bob Murray then chairman of Sunderland F. C, a Davy lamp monument stands at the entrance to reflect the coal mining industry that brought prosperity to the town. As well as hosting Sunderland games, the stadium has hosted three matches for the England national football team, as well as one England under-20 football team match. With an original capacity of 42,000, it was expanded in 2002 to seat 48,707 and its simple design is apparently to allow for redevelopments up to a capacity of 66,000 though this is unlikely to ever be required. The attendance record at the Stadium of Light is 48,353 set on 13 April 2002, along with hosting football matches, the stadium has played host to performers such as Beyoncé, Rihanna, Oasis, Take That, Kings of Leon and Coldplay. The ground also holds conference and banqueting suites, the Black Cats Bar, following the release of the Taylor Report in January 1990, Sunderland was obliged to make plans to turn their Roker Park home into an all-seater stadium. Roker Park was a ground that mainly consisted of standing terraces, enclosed by residential streets on all sides, expansion was practically impossible. So, by 1991, Sunderland chairman Bob Murray began investigating the possibility of relocation to a new stadium, the front-runner that emerged was a proposed stadium located on an area of land adjacent to the Nissan car plant. The 49,000 all-seater ground was labelled the Wembley of the North by Sunderland fans, the plans did not come to fruition. Shortly after the plans were announced in 1992, Nissan launched an official objection, in 1995, Sunderland put forward a plan to build a stadium on the former site of Wearmouth Colliery, which had closed in December 1993. The area, on the bank of the River Wear in the Sheepfolds district of Sunderland, was only a few hundred yards from Roker Park. In 1993, Sunderlands planned new stadium was on the shortlist for Euro 96 venues, however, it soon become clear that a new stadium in Sunderland would not be ready in time for the tournament. On 13 November 1995, the Sunderland chairman Bob Murray announced that the Tyne and Wear Development Corporation had approved plans for Sunderland to build a 34, 000-seater stadium on the site. Ballast Wiltshier plc, a company that had built the Amsterdam Arena, was contracted to build the stadium at an initial cost of £15 million. In June 1996, as the capacity rose to more than 40,000. The capacity was revised again in early 1997, and the stadium was completed on time, during construction, the stadium had not adopted an official name, and had been known colloquially as the Wearside Stadium and New Roker Park. The name was revealed as the Stadium of Light, a reference to a miners lamp

25.
Darlington
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Darlington is a large market town in County Durham, in North East England, and part of the Tees Valley. With a population of 106,000 in 2011, the lies on the River Skerne. The town is colloquially referred to as Darlo. Darlington started life as an Anglo-Saxon settlement, the name Darlington derives from the Anglo-Saxon Dearthington, which seemingly meant the settlement of Deornoths people, but by Norman times the name had changed to Derlinton. During the 17th and 18th centuries the town was known by the name of Darnton. Darlington has a market area in the town centre. Built in 1183, the Grade I listed St Cuthberts Church is one of the most important early English churches in the north of England. However the oldest church in the town happens to be that of St Andrews Church built around 1125 and presides in the Haughton area of Darlington. Visiting during the 18th century, Daniel Defoe noted that the town was eminent for good bleaching of linen, however he also disparaged the town, writing that it had nothing remarkable but dirt. The Durham Ox came from Darlington, during the early 19th century, Darlington remained a small market town. As the century progressed, powerful Quaker families such as the Pease and Backhouse families were prominent employers, darlingtons most famous landmark, the clock tower, was a gift to the town by the industrialist Joseph Pease in 1864. The clocks face was produced by T. Cooke & Sons of York, and these bells were in fact the sister bells to those which are inside the Elizabeth Tower at the Houses of Parliament in London, the most famous of which is called Big Ben. The Darlington Mechanics Institute was opened in 1854 by Elizabeth Pease Nichol, the 91-acre South Park was redeveloped into its current form in 1853, with financial backing from the Backhouse family. George Gordon Hoskins was responsible for much of the architecture in this period. Darlington is known for its associations with the birth of the modern railway and this is celebrated in the town at Darlington Railway Centre and Museum. On the 27th of September 1825 George Stephensons engine Locomotion No, the town later became an important centre for railway manufacturing. An early railway works was the Hopetown Carriage Works which supplied carriages and locomotives to the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the engineering firm of William and Alfred Kitching also manufactured locomotives in the 19th century. To commemorate the contribution to the railways, David Machs 1997 work Train is located alongside the A66

26.
Billy Elliot
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Billy Elliot is a 2000 British dance drama film about a boy becoming a professional ballet dancer, set in north-eastern England during the 1984–85 coal miners strike. The film was released on 29 September 2000 by Universal Pictures. The film received reviews from critics and it earned £72,853,509 on a £3 million budget. In 2001, author Melvin Burgess was commissioned to write the novelisation of the based on Lee Halls screenplay. The story was adapted for the West End stage as Billy Elliot the Musical in 2005, it opened in Australia in 2007 and on Broadway in 2008. In 1984, Billy Elliot, an 11-year-old from the fictional Everington Village in County Durham, England, Billys father sends him to the gym to learn boxing, but Billy dislikes the sport. He happens upon a class that is using the gym while their usual basement studio is temporarily being used as a soup kitchen for the striking miners. Unknown to Jackie, Billy joins the ballet class, when Jackie discovers this, he forbids Billy to take any more ballet. But, passionate about dancing, Billy secretly continues lessons with the help of his dance teacher, Sandra Wilkinson. Mrs. Wilkinson believes Billy is talented enough to study at the Royal Ballet School in London, over Christmas, Billy learns his best friend, Michael, is gay. Although Billy is not, he is supportive of his friend, later, Jackie catches Billy dancing in the gym and realises his son is truly gifted, he resolves to do whatever it takes to help Billy attain his dream. Mrs. Wilkinson tries to persuade Jackie to let her pay for the audition, Jackie attempts to cross the picket line to pay for the trip to London, but Tony stops him. Instead, his fellow miners and the neighbourhood raise some money and Jackie pawns Billys mothers jewelry to cover the cost, and Jackie takes him to London to audition. Although very nervous, Billy performs well, but he punches another boy in frustration at the audition and he is sternly rebuked by the review board, but when asked what it feels like when he is dancing, he describes it as being like electricity. Seemingly rejected, Billy returns home with his father, sometime later, the Royal Ballet School sends him a letter telling him he has been accepted, and he leaves home to attend. Fourteen years later, Billy takes the stage to perform the Swan in Matthew Bournes Swan Lake, as Jackie, Tony and he was heavily influenced by photographer Sirkka-Liisa Konttinens book Step by Step, about a dancing school in nearby North Shields. Writing in 2009, Hall said that almost every frame of Billy Elliot was influenced by Step by Step. as every member of the team carried around their own copy. Due to Easington Collierys pit closure in 1993, the scenes were filmed at the Ellington and Lynemouth Colliery in Northumberland, with some filming in Dawdon

27.
Benylin
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Benylin is a brand name owned by Johnson & Johnson for a range of cough, cold and flu medications. Some Benylin products also contain codeine, which is used to treat pain, cough, the flagship cough syrup and cold care brand is marketed in several countries as Benylin DM, for its active ingredient, dextromethorphan. However, the range of products available in both solid dosage and liquid forms have formulations with multiple ingredients including pseudoephedrine, paracetamol and guaifenesin

28.
Metro Radio
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Metro Radio is a local radio station owned and operated by Bauer Radio as part of the City 1 network. It broadcasts to County Durham, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear from studios in Newcastle, the stations output is shared with sister North East station TFM. The Newcastle-based station, broadcasting to North East England, launched on 15 July 1974, the first show also included messages of congratulations from Kenny Everett at the equivalent local commercial station in London, Capital Radio. The station transmitted from a studio in Swalwell, Gateshead, which, in later years, would be adjacent to the MetroCentre. In 2005 Metro, and sister station Magic 1152 moved to the former BT building, previously known as Swan House, now known as 55° North, until 2005 the station broadcast live football commentary for the regions two biggest clubs — Newcastle United and Sunderland. In an attempt to boost ratings, the commentary was stopped. However, a response from football fans prompted the owners to cover all Newcastle. As of Monday 8 April 2013, all Metros programming is shared with TFM, however, the Metro branding is retained along with separate advertising. The two stations were able to co-locate without consultation as the Metro Radio licence area is located in one approved broadcast area, all programming on Metro Radio - local, networked and syndicated - is shared with TFM. The majority of the programming is produced from Newcastle. Other networked programming originates from Key 103 in Manchester via the Bauer City 1 network, the Vodafone Big Top 40 is syndicated from Global Radio at its Capital studios in London for broadcast on over 145 commercial radio stations across the UK. The stations main presenters include Steve Furnell and Karen Wight, Brian Moore, Dan Moylan, Alan Robson, Chris Felton, Metro Radio broadcasts local news bulletins hourly from 6am to 7pm on weekdays, from 7am to 1pm on Saturdays and Sundays. Headlines are broadcast on the hour during weekday breakfast and drivetime shows, alongside sport. National bulletins from Sky News Radio are carried overnight with bespoke networked bulletins on weekend afternoons from Key 103s Manchester newsroom, the DJ and TV presenter James Whale launched his radio career on Metro, presenting the Nightowls show between 1974 and 1980. Other notable former presenters include, Official website Metro Radio - Cash for Kids History of the Radio Station Burnhope transmitter Fenham transmitter Newton transmitter

29.
TalkSPORT
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Talksport, owned by Wireless Group, is a sports radio station and the Global Audio Partner of the English Premier League. Its content includes coverage of sports, exclusive interviews with the leading names in sport and entertainment, phone-ins. In the United Kingdom, Talksport is available on 1053 kHz,1071 kHz,1089 kHz, and 1107 kHz, DAB, Sky, Virgin Media, Freeview, on mobile, Talksport will be available on Freesat from April 2016. Outside the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, Talksport broadcasts live commentary of every Premier League match around the world in multiple languages including English, Spanish, on 25 June 2016 Rupert Murdochs News Corp announced that it was acquiring the parent Wireless Group company for $296 million. The station was originally and officially launched as Talk Radio UK on 14 February 1995, with Sean Bolger, however the first live broadcast had been Caeser the Geezers phone-in which aired the previous night. Other presenters on Talk Radio included Jeremy Beadle, Scott Chisholm, Moz Dee, Tommy Boyd, Anna Raeburn, Gary Newbon, Terry Christian, Ronnie Barbour, Jonny Gould, also joining the line-up were Caesar the Geezer and Wild Al Kelly, dubbed as shock jocks. A year later Talk Radio launched a new breakfast show presented by Paul Ross, former BBC Radio 1 DJ Simon Bates also joined the station along with James Whale, Ian Collins, and Mike Dickin. Talk Radio made their first foray into the world of sports radio rights bidding, by purchasing the rights to broadcast the Football League from BBC Radio Five Live for the 1997–98 season. In addition, the station broadcast their first FIFA World Cup from France in 1998, with bringing in the Sky Sports commentary team of Alan Parry. Tony Lockwood, Clive Allen, and Dave Roberts covered additional games in France, Talk Radio also acquired up the rights to broadcast Manchester Uniteds matches in the Champions League for the 1998–99 season. On 12 November 1998 TalkCo Holdings, whose chairman and chief Executive was former Sun Editor Kelvin MacKenzie, in late 1999, TalkCo, rebranded as The Wireless Group, announced a relaunch of Talk Radio to become the UKs first national commercial sports radio station called Talksport. The relaunch occurred at midnight on 17 January 2000 and was accompanied by the moving from Oxford Street to a new studio in Hatfields on the South Bank of the River Thames. Almost all the talk show presenters were axed at the time, including The Big Boys Breakfast with David Banks and Nick Ferrari, with only James Whale, Ian Collins. The new line-up involved a number of presenters and commentators. They included Alan Brazil, Mark Nicholas, Chris Cowdrey, Geoffrey Boycott, Mike Parry, Peter Shilton, Brian Moore, Brough Scott, Tom Watt, Gary Newbon, Ian Darke, Tony Banks, and Alvin Martin. Talksports programming consists of talk, live coverage, discussion. Jim White follows with a look at the days sport with interviews. Hawksbee & Jacobs present through the afternoon with sports gossip, interviews and chat, followed by Drive Time with Adrian Durham, Kick Off, hosted by Mark Saggers, then guides listeners through the evenings sporting action with live commentary and discussion

30.
City of Salford
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The City of Salford is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. The city has a population of 218,000, and is administered from the Salford Civic Centre in Swinton, the current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government districts. It is bounded on the south east by the River Irwell, which forms its boundary with the city of Manchester and by the Manchester Ship Canal to the south, the metropolitan boroughs of Wigan, Bolton and Bury lie to the west, northwest and north respectively. Some parts of the city, which lies directly west of Manchester, are highly industrialised and densely populated and this is because the western half of the city stretches across an ancient peat bog known as Chat Moss. Salford has a history of human activity stretching back to the Neolithic age, there are over 250 listed buildings in the city, including Salford Cathedral, and three Scheduled Ancient Monuments. With the Industrial Revolution, Salford and its neighbours grew along with its textile industry, the former County Borough of Salford was granted city status in 1926. The city and its industries experienced decline throughout much of the 20th century, since the 1990s, parts of Salford have undergone regeneration, especially Salford Quays, home of BBC North and Granada Television, and the area around the University of Salford. Salford Red Devils are a rugby league club in Super League. Although the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford was a 20th-century creation, Neolithic flint arrow-heads and tools, and evidence of Bronze Age activity has been discovered in Salford. In 1142, a cell and priory dedicated to St. Leonard was established in Kersal, Salford became a free borough in about 1230, when it was granted a charter as a free borough by the Earl Ranulph of Chester. The cell in Kersal was sold in 1540 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, a 16th-century manor house, called Kersal Cell, was built on the site of the priory. In the English Civil War between King Charles I and parliament, Salford was Royalist, during the Industrial Revolution, Salford grew as a result of the textile industry. Although Salford experienced an increase in population, it was overshadowed by the dominance of Manchester, on 15 September 1830, Eccles was site of the worlds first railway accident. Although Huskisson was taken to Eccles for treatment he died of his injuries, in 1894, the Manchester Ship Canal was opened, running from the River Mersey to Salford Quays, when it was complete it was the largest navigation canal in the world. Along the route of the canal, it was necessary to create an aqueduct carrying the Bridgewater Canal over the Ship Canal, the Barton Swing Aqueduct, designed by Sir Edward Leader Williams, is 100 metres long and weighs 1,450 metric tons. At the start of the 20th century, Salford began to due to competition from outside the UK. A survey in 1931 concluded that parts of Salford were amongst the worst slums in the country, Salford was granted city status in 1926. During World War II, Salford Docks were regularly bombed, in the decades following the Second World War there was a significant economic and population decline in Salford

31.
106 Century FM
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Gem 106 is an English regional radio station broadcasting to the East Midlands, owned and operated by Bauer Radio. The station is transmitted from the Copt Oak transmitter close to the M1 north of Leicester in the National Forest, Radio 106 launched at 6am on Tuesday 23 September 1997. Billed as Radio for Grown Ups, the new station was led by ex-Radio Trent managing director Ron Coles with former Centre Radio MD Ken Warburton as programming controller. The first presenter on air was Dickie Dodd, Radio 106s launch schedule included a heavy emphasis on speech content, including daily guests on mid-morning shows and a nightly 3-hour phone-in. Specialist music output featured country, soul and motown at weekends, the stations launch team included Kevin Fernihough, Mark Keen, Willie Morgan, Kenny Hague, Jake Yapp, Peter King and Sarah Graham. In April 1998, John Myers took control of the station, other additions to the team included Steve Jordan and Bernie Keith. In May 2000, Century 106, along with the other Century stations in the North East, David Lloyd left the station to join Galaxy 105 in Leeds while presenter Adrian Allen walked out mid-show in protest. The sale to Capital brought an increase in the sports coverage - as emphasised in the slogan music, fun. More new presenters joined Century, including Ian Skye, Jason King, Stuart Ellis, when Capital later merged with GWR, the Office of Fair Trading ordered Century to be sold off. Heart 106 was launched on 29 August 2005, a further, more subtle rebrand was applied in September 2006 which saw the dropping of the frequencies from station names across the Heart Network. On 25 June 2007, Chrysalis announced the sale of Heart, along with its sister stations The Arrow, LBC and Galaxy, for £170 million to Global Radio. Following Globals takeover of GCap Media, the Office of Fair Trading again ordered Global to sell off Heart and four other Midlands stations - BRMB, Mercia FM, Wyvern FM and Beacon Radio. In May 2009, the stations were sold to Orion Media, on 9 November 2010, Orion Media announced that Heart 106 would be relaunched and renamed as Gem 106 on 1 January 2011. Under the rebrand, the station ended its agreement with Global Radio which allowed it to use the Heart identity. Gem 106 was launched at midnight on Saturday 1 January 2011 with a programme presented by Orions director of programming and marketing David Lloyd. The GEM name stands for Great East Midlands, the created and used from 1988 onwards for GEM-AM an AM. The majority of the programming is locally produced and broadcast from Nottingham. The station also carries the nationally syndicated Vodafone Big Top 40 With Marvin Humes on Sunday afternoons, as of March 2016, Gem refreshed their imaging and jingle package using a custom package from Wise Buddah

32.
Nottingham
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Nottingham is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, England, located 128 miles north of London, in the East Midlands. Nottingham has links to the legend of Robin Hood and to the lace-making, bicycle and it was granted its city charter in 1897 as part of Queen Victorias Diamond Jubilee celebrations. Nottingham is a tourist destination, in 2011, visitors spent over £1.5 billion - the thirteenth highest amount in Englands 111 statistical territories. In 2015, Nottingham had an population of 321,550 with the wider urban area. Its urban area is the largest in the east Midlands and the second largest in the Midlands, the population of the Nottingham/Derby metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,610,000. Its metropolitan economy is the seventh largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $50. 9bn, the city is also ranked as a sufficiency-level world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. It is also a sporting centre, and in October 2015 was named Home of English Sport. The city also has rugby, ice hockey and cricket teams, and the Aegon Nottingham Open. This accolade came just over a year after Nottingham was named as the UKs first City of Football, on 11 December 2015, Nottingham was named a Unesco City of Literature, joining Norwich, Melbourne, Prague and Barcelona as one of only a handful in the world. The title reflects Nottinghams literary heritage, with Lord Byron, DH Lawrence and it has two universities, the University of Nottingham and Nottingham Trent University, which are attended by over 70,610 students. In modern Welsh it is known poetically as Y Ty Ogofog, when it fell under the rule of a Saxon chieftain named Snot it became known as Snotingaham, the homestead of Snots people. Some authors derive Nottingham from Snottenga, caves, and ham, Nottingham Castle was constructed in 1068 on a sandstone outcrop by the River Leen. Following the Norman Conquest the Saxon settlement developed into the English Borough of Nottingham and housed a Town Hall, a settlement also developed around the castle on the hill opposite and was the French borough supporting the Normans in the castle. Eventually, the space between was built on as the town grew and the Old Market Square became the focus of Nottingham several centuries later, defences, consisted initially of a ditch and bank in the early 12th century. The ditch was later widened, in the mid 13th century, a short length of the wall survives, and is visible at the northern end of Maid Marian Way, and is protected as a Scheduled Monument. On the return of Richard the Lionheart from the Crusades, the Castle was occupied by supporters of Prince John and it was besieged by Richard and, after a sharp conflict, was captured. In the legends of Robin Hood, Nottingham Castle is the scene of the showdown between the Sheriff and the hero outlaw. By the 15th century Nottingham had established itself as a centre of an export trade in religious sculpture made from Nottingham Alabaster

33.
GCap Media
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GCap Media was a British commercial radio company formed from the merger of the Capital Radio Group and GWR Group. The merger was completed in May 2005 and it was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE250 Index. On 31 March 2008 the company agreed a takeover by Global Radio for £375 million and this was completed on 6 June 2008, and the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Global Radio. On 1 November 2008, Global Radio discontinued using the name GCap Media, Capital Radio Group was, until May 2005, a London-based British radio group. The company was set up to operate a General Entertainment Independent Local Radio service in October 1973. Capital Radio was the second commercial radio station to launch in the UK. In the 1980s the station was allowed to operate services on AM. In 1993, Capital bought BRMB, and in 1994 the Southern Radio Group which owned, fox FM in Oxfordshire and Red Dragon FM in Wales were also purchased in the 90s. Capital also acquired the Century FM stations in 2000 as well as Border Television in order to acquire its radio stations, all in all, Capital Radio Group controlled 22 analogue and 59 digital radio licences. In July 1998 Capital Radio Group bought the financially troubled alternative radio station, in the early 21st century, Capital Radio Group expanded its range of FM stations, and also started broadcasting digital-only stations such as Capital Disney and Capital Life. GWR Group was a British radio company with assets including the nationwide station Classic FM. The letters GWR were chosen because its launch coincided with the reopening of the Great Western Railway in Bristol in 1985, between 1996 and 1999 GWR was a major shareholder in London News Radio, which owned and operated Londons LBC and News Direct radio stations. These stations were sold to Chrysalis Radio in 2002, GWR was owned by Daily Mail and General Trust plc, various asset management firms, Sir Peter Michael and other small shareholders. Until the merger, the group was chaired by Ralph Bernard and its office was in Passage Street. During its existence, GWR acquired the Marcher Radio Group, Mid Anglia Radio Group, Chiltern Radio Group and East Anglian Radio Group to name,1985, Wiltshire Radio merges with Radio West to form GWR. 1988, GWR joins Classic FM partnership,1996, GWR acquires full control of Classic FM. 1998, GWR wins Digital One license,1999, Digital One begins broadcasting, launches Internet radio broadcasts. This allowed it to syndicate a number of programmes across its network of radio stations, on Friday and Saturday evenings the network splits, with most stations taking Non-Stop Party and Party Anthems while the other stations take School Daze and Hairbrush Divas

34.
GMG Radio
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GMG Radio, and for a short while Real and Smooth Limited, was a company which owned the Real Radio and Smooth Radio networks. Myers had featured in an episode which followed Myers as he prepared to launch Century 105 in the North West for Border Radio Holdings. John had left the Century stations and, after a spell in charge of Radio Investments Ltd, created GMG Radio Holdings Ltd. In June 2001, Scot FM was brought from The Wireless Group for £25. 5m John Myers, said and they gave an impression that they were going to do Radio 4 type speech and then they went and hired Scottie McClue. For the first time, Scot FM will have an owner that might actually give Scottish Radio Holdings a run for their money. Real Radio Scotland began broadcasting at 8am on Tuesday 8 January 2002 with breakfast presenter Robin Galloway introducing the first song to be played, on 6 July 2001, the company won its second licences West/South Yorkshire regional FM licence, which launched on 25 March 2002. In May 2002, GMG radio made a bid of £41 million to Jazz FM plc at 180p a share, herald Investment Management who had a 7. 7% stake in the company and Aberforth Partners were not happy with the 180p a share bid. On 6 June, GMG raised its bid to 195p a share to secure the institutional shareholders who were holding out for a better bid, Richard Wheatly announced that he would leave Jazz FM once the takeover was complete. The offer was declared unconditional on 5 July. In December 2002, GMG moved its sales operation from Clear Channel Radio Sales to the Chrysalis Group, on 12 July 2004 GMG Radio relaunched ejazz. fm, a dedicated jazz website. In January 2005 it launched a service, named Hear It, Buy It, Burn It, in February 2005, Myers announced that they have scrapped plans to launch Channel M Radio, a 24-hour news and talk station for Manchester due to commercial viability issues. In March 2005, the Guardian Media Group rejected a £115 million bid from the Chrysalis Group for the GMG Radio division, in June 2005 London station 102.2 Jazz FM was rebranded to 102.2 Smooth FM after disappointing RAJAR figures. At the same time, ejazz. fm was renamed to jazzfm. com and initially appeared on DAB in Yorkshire, South Wales, in August 2006 GMG sold its share in Rolling News channel DNN. The five regional stations on DAB were then closed down by Chrysalis to be replaced by LBC, on 18 December 2006, it was announced that GMG Radio had bought the four Saga Radio branded stations. GMG rebranded the Saga stations along with its existing Smooth FM stations in March 2007 to Smooth Radio, in November 2008 GMG was awarded with the last analogue licence in the UK. They intend to operate the licence using the Real Radio format basing its studios in Wrexham, on 18 October 2006, it was announced that GMG Radio had bought the two Century branded stations from Gcap Media. The Century brand was launched by Myers and Simons in North East England in 1994. On 18 December 2008, it was announced that Century Radio was to be re-branded as Real Radio on 30 March 2009

35.
Real Radio
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Real Radio was a network of five regional radio stations broadcasting to Northern England, Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire. Each station broadcast a mix of local and networked programming, on Tuesday 6 May 2014, the stations were merged with the Heart network. Sir Robert Phillis, the former GMG chief executive, enlisted John Myers to establish GMG Radio, Myers became the companys managing director in 1999, and won GMG its first licence in South Wales in April 2000. Real Radio launched on Tuesday 3 October 2000, initially serving south and west Wales, the station expanded to north and mid Wales in January 2011, over two years after winning a second licence. In June 2001, Scot FM was acquired from the Wireless Group for £25.5 million, Scot FM would become Real Radios second station at 8am on Tuesday 8 January 2002. A bid to expand the service to Aberdeenshire in 2006 proved unsuccessful, Real Yorkshire, the third station, launched on 25 March 2002 and broadcast to South & West Yorkshire. In 2008, John Myers convinced the GMG board to invest £1 million in documentaries, Real North East and Real North West were introduced from the Century Network on 30 March 2009. Both stations were founded by GMG Radio chief executive John Myers, the Discover the Real You strapline was introduced to all stations. In July 2008, networked programming was introduced across all stations during evening and overnight timeslots, most networked programming was broadcast from studios in Salford Quays. Notable presenters included Chris Tarrant and Ryan Seacrest who fronted a bespoke version of his syndicated US entertainment show On Air with Ryan Seacrest, the most recognised strapline Real good, feel good radio, was introduced in March 2012. In August 2012, the two former Century Network stations, in the North East and the North West, were gaining just half the listeners they once had. Both saw a decline in Listening Share In TSA % when comparing Q2 period in 2011 and 2012, from 6. 30% to 4. 8%, figures for Scotland also lowered whilst Wales and Yorkshire steadied. On 25 June 2012, Global Radio announced it had bought GMG Radio, secretary of State Maria Miller announced in October 2012 that the sale would not be investigated on the grounds of plurality. The Competition Commission was due to publish its report on 27 March 2013. A holding company called Real and Smooth Limited was formed, on 21 May 2013, the Competition Commission ruled Global would have to sell radio stations in seven areas of the UK - including all areas served by a Real Radio station. A subsequent appeal by Global was rejected at a tribunal, on 6 February 2014, Global Radio announced it would be rebranding all Real Radio stations as Heart and be selling Real Radio Yorkshire and the Northern licence of Real Radio Wales to Communicorp. Hearts network programming and brand name will be used under a franchise agreement, on 25 March 2014, the stations began a transition period to the Heart branding. The Real Radio branding was phased out on Sunday 20 April 2014 - for the time being, the full launch of the new Heart stations took place at 6am on Tuesday 6 May 2014

36.
Smooth FM
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Smooth Radio is a network of adult contemporary local radio stations broadcasting on FM and AM stations in the United Kingdom. Launched in March 2014, they replaced the national Smooth Radio that had launched in 2010 on FM, each FM station broadcasts localised breakfast and drivetime programming on weekdays, with networked shows simulcast from London at all other times. Three of the six FM stations, and all eighteen AM frequencies, are owned and operated by Global, most of the output was broadcast from Salford Quays in Manchester, with other programming coming from Castlereagh Street in London. On 25 June 2012, GMG Radios owners, Guardian Media Group sold its division to Global at an estimated price of between £50 million and £70 million. Global renamed GMG Radio Real and Smooth Radio Ltd, several rival radio groups expressed their concerns over the takeover and the effect it could have on commercial radio in the UK. Ofcom launched a review of the sale, and it was announced that GMG Radio, on the same day the Competition Commission announced it would publish its findings into the takeover by 27 March 2013. The Competition Commission published its report into the acquisition on 21 May 2013. Global subsequently appealed the decision, but this was rejected by the Competition Appeal Tribunal in November, Global announced in December that it would not contest the decision, and would instead begin the process of selling the assets as directed by the Commission. Under this agreement, Smooth would continue to broadcast on its regional frequencies, under a franchising agreement between the two firms, these stations would retain the Smooth Radio name, but relaunch airing a mixture of both regional content and networked programming from London. Smooth would also take over Golds medium wave frequencies, except in London, Manchester and this also coincided with the return of local programming at breakfast and drivetime. Many of the FM/AM stations, but not all, are also on DAB where this is provided in their coverage area, digital TV platforms carry the London version of Smooth

37.
Football (soccer)
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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England

38.
Newcastle United F.C.
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Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne. Following the clubs most recent relegation from the top-flight during the 2015–16 season, Newcastle returned to the Football Leagues 2nd tier, the Championship, for the 2016–17 campaign. Newcastle United was founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End, the ground was developed into an all-seater stadium in the mid-1990s and now has a capacity of 52,354. They have won four League Championship titles, six FA Cups and a Charity Shield, as well as the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Newcastle United has the ninth highest total of trophies won by an English club. The clubs most successful period was between 1904 and 1910, when they won an FA Cup and three of their First Division titles. The club were successful in the Premier League in the 1990s and early 2000s, but have been mostly struggling since the 2006–07 season. Newcastle has a local rivalry with Sunderland, and the two clubs have engaged in the Tyne–Wear derby since 1898. The clubs traditional kit colours are black and white striped shirts, black shorts and their traditional crest takes elements of the city coat of arms, which features two grey seahorses. The club has been owned by Mike Ashley since 2007, succeeding long term chairman, the club is the seventeenth highest revenue producing club in the world in terms of annual revenue, generating €169. 3m in 2015. Historically, Newcastles highest placing was in 1999 when they were the fifth highest revenue producing club in the world. The first record of football being played on Tyneside dates from 3 March 1877 at Elswick Rugby Club, later that year, Newcastles first football club, Tyne Association, was formed. The origins of Newcastle United Football Club itself can be traced back to the formation of a club by the Stanley Cricket Club of Byker in November 1881. This team was renamed Newcastle East End F. C. in October 1882, to avoid confusion with the club in Stanley. Rosewood F. C. of Byker merged with Newcastle East End a short time later, in 1886, Newcastle East End moved from Byker to Heaton. In August 1882, Newcastle West End F. C. formed from West End Cricket Club, and in May 1886, the two clubs became rivals in the Northern League. In 1889, Newcastle East End became a team, before becoming a limited company the following March. However, on the hand, Newcastle West End were in serious financial trouble. With only one club in the city for fans to support

39.
Middlesbrough F.C.
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Middlesbrough Football Club is a professional association football club based in Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Formed in 1876, they have played at the Riverside Stadium since 1995 and they played at the Linthorpe Road ground from 1882 to 1903 and at Ayresome Park for 92 years, from 1903 to 1995. They were one of the members of the Premier League in 1992. The clubs main rivals are Sunderland and Newcastle United, there is also a rivalry with fellow Yorkshire club Leeds United. The clubs highest league finish to date was third in the 1913–14 season, the club came close to folding in 1986 after experiencing severe financial difficulties before it was saved by a consortium led by then board member and later chairman Steve Gibson. Middlesbrough were deducted three points for failing to fulfil a fixture against Blackburn Rovers in the 1996–97 Premier League season and they were promoted the following season and spent 11 seasons in the top division before being relegated again in 2009. Middlesbrough won the League Cup in 2004, the clubs first and they reached the 2006 UEFA Cup Final, but were beaten by Spanish side Sevilla. After seven years in the Championship, Middlesbrough secured promotion to the Premier League in 2016 after finishing in second place, the clubs traditional kit is red with white detailing. The various crests throughout the history, the most recent of which was adopted in 2007. They won the FA Amateur Cup in 1895 and again in 1898, the club turned professional in 1889, but reverted to amateur status in 1892. They turned professional permanently in 1899, after three seasons, they won promotion to the First Division, where they would remain for the next 22 years. In 1903, the moved to Ayresome Park, their home for the next 92 years. In 1905, the club sanctioned the transfer of Alf Common for £1,000, over the next few years, their form fluctuated greatly, rising to sixth in 1907–08 before dropping to 17th two seasons later. The club rose to their highest league finish to date, third, World War I soon intervened and football was suspended. Before league football resumed, Middlesbrough won the Northern Victory League and they remained in the First Division for the next few seasons, but were relegated in 1923–24 after finishing bottom, ten points adrift of their nearest rivals. Three seasons later, they won the Division Two title, during that season, debutant George Camsell, who had signed from Third Division North side Durham City the previous season, finished with a record 59 league goals, which included nine hat-tricks. He would continue as top scorer for each of the ten seasons. Their tenure back in the top flight lasted one season

North East England
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North East England is one of the nine regions of England that are classified at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It covers Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear, the region is home to three large conurbations, Teesside, Wearside, and Tyneside, the latter of which is the largest of the three and the eighth most populous conur

1.
12th-century wall-painting of St Cuthbert in Durham Cathedral

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North East region in England

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Lindisfarne Castle

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Wynyard Park circa 1880 now a fine Country House Hotel, Wynyard Hall

Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the o

1.
In 1995, FDA's assertion of authority to regulate tobacco drew heavy opposition from the tobacco community, which erupted into lawsuits and slogans urging "Keep FDA Off the Farm."

Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval betwe

1.
A resonant-reed frequency meter, an obsolete device used from about 1900 to the 1940s for measuring the frequency of alternating current. It consists of a strip of metal with reeds of graduated lengths, vibrated by an electromagnet. When the unknown frequency is applied to the electromagnet, the reed which is resonant at that frequency will vibrate with large amplitude, visible next to the scale.

2.
As time elapses – represented here as a movement from left to right, i.e. horizontally – the five sinusoidal waves shown vary regularly (i.e. cycle), but at different rates. The red wave (top) has the lowest frequency (i.e. varies at the slowest rate) while the purple wave (bottom) has the highest frequency (varies at the fastest rate).

4.
Modern frequency counter

Bilsdale transmitting station
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The Bilsdale transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, located at Bilsdale West Moor above Bilsdale, close to Helmsley, North Yorkshire, England. It includes a steel tubular mast that is primarily used for radio. The height of the mast is 314 metres to the pinnacle and it is among the most powerful in the UK at 500 kW

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The Bilsdale mast stands high above the hills of the North York Moors

Digital audio broadcasting
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Digital audio broadcasting is a digital radio standard for broadcasting digital audio radio services, used in several countries across Europe and Asia Pacific. The DAB standard was initiated as a European research project in the 1980s, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation launched the first DAB channel in the world on 1 June 1995, and the BBC and

Adult contemporary
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Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and it is usually melodic enough to get a listener

1.
Adult contemporary artist Celine Dion is one of the biggest international stars in music history, selling more than 220 million albums worldwide.

2.
Johnny Mathis concentrated on romantic readings of jazz and pop standards for the adult contemporary audience of the 1960s and 1970s.

3.
In terms of record sales and career longevity, Barry Manilow is one of the most successful adult contemporary singers ever and the most best-selling of the 1970s.

4.
" Careless Whisper " stayed at the #1 spot in the adult contemporary chart for 18 weeks. The song was George Michael 's first solo single.

Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a

1.
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.

Global Group
–
Global is a British media company formed in 2007, which owns a large number of radio stations across the country. The company has expanded through a number of acquisitions, including Chrysalis Radio, GCap Media, Global also has a television broadcasting division and runs artist management services. A year later on 31 October 2008 Global Radio offic

1.
Global Radio

Capital North East
–
Capital North East is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global Radio as part of the Capital radio network. It broadcasts to North East England from studios in Newcastle, the station launched on 1 June 1999 as Galaxy 105–106, renamed in 2006 as Galaxy North East and rebranded on 3 January 2011 as 105–106 Capital. Originally called Galax

1.
Capital North East

Smooth North East
–
Smooth North East is a regional radio station owned by Communicorp and operated by Global Radio as part of the Smooth radio network. It broadcasts to North East England from studios in Newcastle, the station was designed to cover Newcastle and the surrounding areas, Sunderland, Durham, Darlington and Middlesbrough. It can also be heard much of Nort

1.
Smooth Radio's studios in Team Valley, Gateshead

2.
Smooth North East

Radio broadcasting
–
Radio broadcasting is a unidirectional wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a radio format. Audio broadcasting also can be done via radio, local wire television networks, satellite radio. The signal types can be either analog audio or digital audio, the earli

Heart (radio network)
–
Heart is a radio network of 21 adult contemporary local radio stations operated by Global Radio in the United Kingdom, broadcasting a mix of local and networked programming. Eighteen of the Heart stations are owned by Global, while the three are operated under franchise agreements. Heart began broadcasting on 6 September 1994, as 100.7 Heart FM bei

1.
Heart

Newcastle upon Tyne
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Newcastle is the most populous city in the North East and forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation, the eighth most populous urban area in the United Kingdom. Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it b

Tyne Bridge Tower
–
The Tyne Bridge Tower was a tower block that resided at the foot of the Tyne Bridge on the Gateshead side of the River Tyne, near the medieval St Marys Church and The Sage. It was constructed in the 1960s, the 13 floor building was used by the Inland Revenue until June 2005, after which it stood empty until its demolition in March 2011. The demolit

1.
Circa 2009

Tyne Bridge
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The Tyne Bridge is a through arch bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead. The Bridge was designed by the engineering firm Mott, Hay and Anderson, who designed the Forth Road Bridge. The bridge was opened on 10 October 1928 by King George V and has since become a defining symbol of Tyneside. It is

1.
Tyne Bridge looking towards the modern Sage Gateshead with the now moved Tuxedo Princess moored below. The banner is advertising the 2006 Great North Run

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The 1781 stone bridge, with the High Level Bridge in the background, from an 1861 illustration

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Tyne Bridge viewed from Side, Newcastle Quayside

4.
The Tyne Bridge, in green, seen from the Gateshead Millennium Bridge.

Gateshead
–
Gateshead is a large town in Tyne and Wear, England, and the main settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. The local authority of Gateshead is also the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Gateshead lay in County Durham, in 1835 the town became part of Gateshead County Borough. After the Local Government Act 1972, in 1974, Gateshead becam

1.
Gateshead Waterfront

2.
Gateshead Quays across the River Tyne at night – Gateshead Millennium Bridge and the Sage Gateshead

Smooth Radio
–
Smooth Radio is a network of adult contemporary local radio stations broadcasting on FM and AM stations in the United Kingdom. Launched in March 2014, they replaced the national Smooth Radio that had launched in 2010 on FM, each FM station broadcasts localised breakfast and drivetime programming on weekdays, with networked shows simulcast from Lond

1.
Smooth Radio

Rock Radio
–
Rock Radio was a brand of radio stations in the United Kingdom owned by GMG Radio. 96.3 Rock Radio was the first station in the network and it operated in West Central Scotland. The station was launched on the frequency which was used by Paisley local radio station Q96. A digital station named Rock Radio was launched on DAB on 1 April 2008 in the N

1.
v

Border Television
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The TV service previously covered the Isle of Man from 26 March 1965 until 15 July 2009. The licence for the region was transferred from Border TV to ITV Broadcasting Limited in November 2008, the legal name of the company was changed on 29 December 2006 from Border Television Ltd to ITV Border Ltd. This company is, along with most other companies

1.
ITV Border (2004-) Border Television (1961-2004)

John Myers (radio executive)
–
John Myers is a former British radio executive, consultant and presenter. He is the former Chairman of the UK Radio Academy Awards, The Commercial Radio Awards, Myers developed the Century Radio brand for Border Radio Holdings in the early 1990s, launching two more stations later in the decade. He presented programmes under the pseudonym John Morga

1.
John Myers at the Radio Festival 2008

Pseudonym
–
A pseudonym or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their original or true name. Historically, they have taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms. Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones, actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use stage names, for examp

1.
A young George Sand (real name "Amantine Lucile Dupin")

105.4 Century FM
–
Heart North West is a regional radio station owned and operated by Global Radio as part of the Heart network. The station broadcasts to North West England from studios at Exchange Quay, originally known as Century Radio and Century FM, and from 2009 Real Radio North West, the station relaunched as Heart North West on Tuesday 6 May 2014. The station

1.
Heart North West

Stanley, County Durham
–
Stanley is a former colliery town and civil parish in County Durham, England. Centred on a hilltop between Chester-le-Street and Consett, the town lies south west of Gateshead, Stanley was formerly divided into three distinct settlements – the main town of West Stanley and the mining villages of East Stanley and South Stanley. Through a process of

1.
St. Andrew's Church, Stanley

2.
Stanley from the nearby Consett to Sunderland branch of the Coast to Coast cycle route.

Stadium of Light
–
The Stadium of Light is an all-seater football stadium in Sunderland, England and home to Sunderland A. F. C. With space for 49,000 spectators, the Stadium of Light has the eighth-largest capacity of any English football stadium and is the sixth-largest capacity Premier League stadium, the stadium primarily hosts Sunderland A. F. C. home matches. A

1.
The North Stand of the Stadium

2.
Exterior view of Stadium above the River Wear

3.
East Stand of the Stadium

4.
Statue of former Sunderland manager Bob Stokoe outside the South East corner of the Stadium

Darlington
–
Darlington is a large market town in County Durham, in North East England, and part of the Tees Valley. With a population of 106,000 in 2011, the lies on the River Skerne. The town is colloquially referred to as Darlo. Darlington started life as an Anglo-Saxon settlement, the name Darlington derives from the Anglo-Saxon Dearthington, which seemingl

1.
Darlington town centre

2.
St Cuthbert's Church

3.
Russian Crimean War Cannon from Sevastopol in South Park

4.
Darlington memorial hospital

Billy Elliot
–
Billy Elliot is a 2000 British dance drama film about a boy becoming a professional ballet dancer, set in north-eastern England during the 1984–85 coal miners strike. The film was released on 29 September 2000 by Universal Pictures. The film received reviews from critics and it earned £72,853,509 on a £3 million budget. In 2001, author Melvin Burge

1.
UK theatrical release poster

2.
Jamie Bell played the title character for his debut role in the film.

3.
Just short of the patch of grass where Andrew and Alnwick Streets once stood. The street in view is Avon Street.

4.
Billy Elliot advert on a lorry in London

Benylin
–
Benylin is a brand name owned by Johnson & Johnson for a range of cough, cold and flu medications. Some Benylin products also contain codeine, which is used to treat pain, cough, the flagship cough syrup and cold care brand is marketed in several countries as Benylin DM, for its active ingredient, dextromethorphan. However, the range of products av

1.
The Benylin logo.

Metro Radio
–
Metro Radio is a local radio station owned and operated by Bauer Radio as part of the City 1 network. It broadcasts to County Durham, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear from studios in Newcastle, the stations output is shared with sister North East station TFM. The Newcastle-based station, broadcasting to North East England, launched on 15 July 1974,

1.
Metro Radio on the Swan House roundabout in Newcastle upon Tyne

TalkSPORT
–
Talksport, owned by Wireless Group, is a sports radio station and the Global Audio Partner of the English Premier League. Its content includes coverage of sports, exclusive interviews with the leading names in sport and entertainment, phone-ins. In the United Kingdom, Talksport is available on 1053 kHz,1071 kHz,1089 kHz, and 1107 kHz, DAB, Sky, Vir

1.
Talksport

City of Salford
–
The City of Salford is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. The city has a population of 218,000, and is administered from the Salford Civic Centre in Swinton, the current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government district

1.
A view over Salford, Greater Manchester

2.
Kersal Cell, built in the 16th century, was a manor house built on the site of a Cluniac priory.

3.
The Barton Swing Aqueduct in the closed position.

4.
The River Irwell marks the border between Salford & Manchester

106 Century FM
–
Gem 106 is an English regional radio station broadcasting to the East Midlands, owned and operated by Bauer Radio. The station is transmitted from the Copt Oak transmitter close to the M1 north of Leicester in the National Forest, Radio 106 launched at 6am on Tuesday 23 September 1997. Billed as Radio for Grown Ups, the new station was led by ex-Ra

1.
Gem 106

Nottingham
–
Nottingham is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, England, located 128 miles north of London, in the East Midlands. Nottingham has links to the legend of Robin Hood and to the lace-making, bicycle and it was granted its city charter in 1897 as part of Queen Victorias Diamond Jubilee celebrations. Nottingham is a tourist destinatio

GCap Media
–
GCap Media was a British commercial radio company formed from the merger of the Capital Radio Group and GWR Group. The merger was completed in May 2005 and it was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE250 Index. On 31 March 2008 the company agreed a takeover by Global Radio for £375 million and this was completed on 6

1.
GCap Media

GMG Radio
–
GMG Radio, and for a short while Real and Smooth Limited, was a company which owned the Real Radio and Smooth Radio networks. Myers had featured in an episode which followed Myers as he prepared to launch Century 105 in the North West for Border Radio Holdings. John had left the Century stations and, after a spell in charge of Radio Investments Ltd

1.
GMG Radio

Real Radio
–
Real Radio was a network of five regional radio stations broadcasting to Northern England, Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire. Each station broadcast a mix of local and networked programming, on Tuesday 6 May 2014, the stations were merged with the Heart network. Sir Robert Phillis, the former GMG chief executive, enlisted John Myers to establish GMG Ra

1.
Real Radio logo, 2001–2012

2.
Real Radio

Smooth FM
–
Smooth Radio is a network of adult contemporary local radio stations broadcasting on FM and AM stations in the United Kingdom. Launched in March 2014, they replaced the national Smooth Radio that had launched in 2010 on FM, each FM station broadcasts localised breakfast and drivetime programming on weekdays, with networked shows simulcast from Lond

1.
Smooth Radio

Football (soccer)
–
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the ga

1.
The attacking player (No. 10) attempts to kick the ball beyond the opposing team's goalkeeper and between the goalposts and beneath the crossbar to score a goal

2.
Children playing cuju in Song dynasty China

3.
Ebenezer Cobb Morley, who is regarded as the "father of football"

4.
A women's international match between the United States and Germany

Newcastle United F.C.
–
Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne. Following the clubs most recent relegation from the top-flight during the 2015–16 season, Newcastle returned to the Football Leagues 2nd tier, the Championship, for the 2016–17 campaign. Newcastle United was founded in 1892 by the merge

1.
Harry Hampton scores one of his two goals in the 1905 FA Cup final against Aston Villa

3.
Kevin Keegan (pictured in his second spell in 2008) guided Newcastle to promotion and Champions League football from 1992 to 1997, turning United into one of the biggest clubs in England despite not winning the league

4.
Newcastle made an immediate return to the top-flight in 2010 after their relegation the year prior

Middlesbrough F.C.
–
Middlesbrough Football Club is a professional association football club based in Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Formed in 1876, they have played at the Riverside Stadium since 1995 and they played at the Linthorpe Road ground from 1882 to 1903 and at Ayresome Park for 92 years, from 1903 to 1995. They were one of the members of the Premie

1.
The 2004 League Cup Final at the Millennium Stadium.

2.
Middlesbrough

3.
Middlesbrough shirts, 1994–2010

4.
The Riverside Stadium in 2006, with the old gates to Ayresome Park in the foreground