Determining Amounts of Fertilizer for Small Areas

Transcription

1 Determining Amounts of Fertilizer for Small Areas Guide H-119 Revised by Robert Flynn 1 Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences This publication is scheduled to be updated and reissued 3/14. Fertilizers can promote vigorous growth of plants and good production. However, fertilizing will not correct problems with ph, salinity, or sodium in soils. Successful gardening begins with soil testing in order to get the most out of your dollar for fertilizer. Soil testing can tell you what to do before fertilizing in order to have a successful garden (such as salinity control or managing sodium). Prescription fertilizer recommendations can be made for your specific conditions if your soil is tested. Timing fertilizer applications will be important once a recommended fertilizer rate is determined from the soil test. Plants vary in their requirements, and soils can contain different amounts of plant-available nutrients based on their history. Fertilizer packaging is required by law to state clearly the percentage nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2 ), and potash (K 2 O) by weight. For example, if a container or package reads , this means that for every hundred pounds of this fertilizer there would be 16 pounds of nitrogen, 4 pounds of P 2 and 8 pounds of K 2 O. The rest of the weight, all 72 pounds worth, is a carrier of the N, P 2, or K 2 O. For example, K 2 O is often present as potassium chloride (KCl) or potassium sulfate (KSO 4 ). The chloride or sulfate helps carry the nutrient of interest, in this case, potassium (K). NMSU soil test interpretations report fertilizer application rates on a per-acre basis, pounds per 1,000 square feet, or the pounds needed for the size of the garden or lawn specified on the form submitted with the sample. Other labs may provide recommendations in pounds of fertilizer per acre. Tables 1 through 6 can help estimate how much material is needed for those managing small areas. Table 1. Conversion from Pounds Per Acre to Pounds Per 100 or 1,000 Square Feet Rate per 1,000 Rate per acre Rate per 100 sq. feet sq. feet lb lb ounces lb + ounces , , , , , , , 6 1, , 15 2, , 15 General Formula: Desired pounds = [(pounds per acre) 43,560] x (square feet to be fertilized) 1 acre = 43,560 square feet, 1 pound = 16 ounces, 454 g = 1 pound. You can also calculate exactly what you need for your specific space with a little practice. Example: Determine the amount of ammonium sulfate needed by a 1,000 square-foot lawn if the soil test fertilizer recommendation suggests 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Lawn: 1,000 square feet Fertilizer: ammonium sulfate (21-0-0) Nutrient Rate: 50 pound of nitrogen per acre Square feet per acre: 43,560 Step 1. Divide pounds N per acre by 43,560. This is the pounds needed per square foot. (50 lb N/Acre) (1 acre/43,560 sq feet) = Extension Agronomist, Agricultural Science Center at Artesia, Department of Extension Plant Sciences, New Mexico State University. To find more resources for your business, home, or family, visit the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences on the World Wide Web at

2 Step 2. Multiply by square feet to fertilize. This is the pounds of nitrogen needed x 1,000 = 1.15 lb N Step 3. Divide the percent N in the fertilizer by %N 100 = 0.21 Step 4. Divide the result in Step 2 by the result in Step = 5.48 pounds = 5 pounds 8 ounces This is the amount of ammonium sulfate needed over 1,000 square feet to supply an equivalent of 50 lb N per acre. On the other hand, only 2½ pounds of urea would be needed since urea contains 46% nitrogen. The NMSU fertilizer recommendation would present pounds of ammonium sulfate needed for the specified area of interest. It would state that 239 pounds per acre of ammonium sulfate would be needed, or 5.48 pounds per 1,000 square feet. From tons to teaspoons When working with small areas, flower pots, or garden boxes we often switch from using pounds and ounces to units of volume including pints, cups, tablespoons, and teaspoons. Though it is easy to over-apply fertilizers in this manner the following tables should help when trying to use fertilizer recommendations based on soil testing. The fertilizer can be mixed with the soil to be put in the pot, or the fertilizer can be dissolved in water and then poured into the pot containing the soil. It is important, however, not to put all the nitrogen or potash material into the pot at one time, especially in liquid form. This can lead to excess salinity in the pot or loss of nitrogen and potash by leaching. Slow-release fertilizers should be added in the granular form. Many potting soils are sold with nutrients already mixed into the media, and additional fertilization is often not needed. Soil test based fertilizer recommendations are given as weight per unit area. Converting to volume measures means that the fertilizer density needs to be known. Fertilizers do not all have the same density. One cup of urea does not weigh the same as one cup of ammonium sulfate. Blended fertilizers vary in density based on what is used to arrive at the grade or percent N, P 2, and K 2 O. Density refers to weight per unit volume. Table 2 lists the approximate weight per level cup of different fertilizers. Worksheet 1 shows how to calculate teaspoons of fertilizer for a given square footage, for any fertilizer. Table 2. Fertilizer Densities (ounces per cup) Used to Make Volume Calculations for Fertilizer Rates (densities are for dry, loose, not packed or tamped, unless otherwise noted; blended fertilizers vary in density based on what products are used to make the blend) Nitrogen Sources (Urea) Ammonium Sulfate ( S) Granular Prilled (tamped) Loose Tamped Phosphorus Sources (DAP ) (MAP ) (TSP ) S Potassium Sources (Langbeinite) Potassium (Muriate of Potash) Magnesium Sulfate Loose Tamped Loose Tamped Elemental Sulfur Sources 90% Soil Granular Acidifier Granular (loose) (tamped) Flake (tamped) Di-ammonium Phosphate Mono-ammonium phosphate Triple superphosphate Ammonium phosphate sulfate If you are using a blended fertilizer it is best to tare, or zero out, a 1-cup measure on a scale, fill the cup with the fertilizer level with the top, and weigh. Keep in mind that Tables 3 and 4 are for conversion purposes only and are not to be used as recommendations. Recommendations come from actual soil testing. Guide H-119 Page 2

8 Original author: Esteban Herrera, former Extension horticulturalist Contents of publications may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. For permission to use publications for other purposes, contact or the authors listed on the publication. New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and educator. NMSU and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Revised March 2009 Las Cruces, NM Guide H-119 Page 8

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