Resumen en inglés This paper shows the applicability of the carbon paste electrode-mineral (CPE-mineral) to study the dissolution mechanisms of minerals in powder form and in flotation concentrates. A potentiodynamic strategy to find the dissolution mechanism of galena (PbS) is presented. In this way, minerals less studied such as orpiment (As2S3) and realgar (As2S2) are investigated. The electrochemical activity of a more complicated mineral such as sphalerite (ZnS), containing 12.3 and 0 (mas) .43% of iron in solid solution, is discussed. The mechanism of a complex zinc concentrate (containing 63.4% ZnS, 20.1% FeS2, 5% CuFeS2, 0.33% PbS, 0.45% Cu12Sb4S13 and 0.4% FeAsS) is described. Finally, an electrochemical method for the detection of the different leachable and refractory silver phases (contained in two mineral concentrates) is presented. This paper reviews the power of the use of CPE-mineral coupled to electrochemical techniques in hydrometallurgy.

Resumen en inglés The electrochemical oxidation of glyphosate on an electrode of nickel and on one of copper was studied. With both electrodes electrochemical signals related to the glyphosate concentration were observed. However, the behaviour of the copper electrode was much better than that of the nickel electrode. A calibration curve was obtained of the electrical signal of this electrode as a function of the glyphosate concentration. The detection limit was 30 µM. In the case of nick (mas) el, an increase in the oxidation signal, which is related to the glyphosate concentration, was obtained. However, the results were less reproducible and additional information is necessary to propose an interaction mechanism between glyphosate and the electrode.

13 págs, 11 figs, 6 tabs.-- PMID: 15999323. | [EN] [Aim] To report our experience in the surgical treatment of temporal-lobe epilepsy. [Patients and methods] An analysis was performed of the outcomes of 137 patients submitted to surgery between 1990 and 2001, with a follow-up of more than two years....

Resumen en inglés The purpose of the study was to observe eletrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol using different materials as electrodes such as wires, nails, coins, razor blades, etc. Based on the experimental observations and the mechanisms proposed in the literature, students should be capable of analyzing their results in order to understand the phenomena studied. Students could then elaborate a mechanism of action consistent with the experimental results which could ration (mas) alize the formation of intermediates in the reaction and the dependence of ECL on solution pH in addition to other points of interest

Resumen en inglés The electropolymerization of phenylacetylene on a Pt electrode has been carried out in two different solvents, acetonitryle and propylene carbonate. The kinetic study carried out leads to values in the kinetic parameters which are significantly different in both solvents. The values deduced for na, Z (reaction order with respect to the phenylacetylene concentration) and activation enthalpy and entropy, were 0.75, 1, 25.3 kJ mol-1 and -87.0 J mol-1 K-1, respectively, in ac (mas) etonitrile, and 0.25, 0.5, 33.6 kJ mol-1 and -105 J mol-1 K-1, when working in propylene carbonate. The discrepancy in the values can be explained as a consequence of the change in the initiation step of the polymerisation induced by the adsorption of the acetonitryle molecules. The product obtained was isolated, purified and characterised to be formed by a polyenic chain with a linear trans structure. The average molar mass of the product was 3095, corresponding to a polymer formed from around 30 units of monomer.

Resumen en español Presentamos el caso de un paciente que sufrió como complicación de la estimulación eléctrica medular, implantado a causa de su dolor neuropático, un granuloma en la incisión lumbar, a nivel de la conexión intermedia. Este granuloma evolucionó pese a su correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, a una infección de tejidos profundos con migración de los electrodos, por lo que precisó la retirada de éstos. Resumen en inglés It is showed you a patient who presented a granuloma in the lumbar incision at the level of the intermediate connection as a complication of the spinal cord stimulation, due to his neuropathic pain. This granuloma developed a deep tissue infection with migration of the electrodes despite right diagnostic and early treatment. Removal of the electrodes was finally required.

Resumen en español En este trabajo se presenta la instrumentación y construcción de una fuente de alto voltaje, la cual fue controlada por el puerto de comunicación de entrada/ salida de una tarjeta de adquisición de datos, utilizando el lenguaje de programación gráfica LabView®. La fuente fue utilizada para la fabricación de rejillas de periodo largo de fibra óptica mediante la técnica de arco eléctrico punto por punto, con el diseño y construcción de la fuente se logró fabri (mas) car rejillas de periodo largo con un costo de fabricación menor del 80 % con respecto a la fabricación de rejillas de periodo largo con una empalmadora de fibra óptica. El instrumento fabricado tiene un panel de control virtual para modificar el tiempo de duración del arco, el voltaje aplicado y la corriente eléctrica aplicada a dos electrodos y de esa manera modificar la estructura de la fibra óptica. Las rejillas fueron fabricadas con fibra óptica convencional SMF-28 y las rejillas pueden ser utilizadas en láseres de fibra óptica, filtros ópticos y en la implementación de sensores ópticos. Resumen en inglés In this work we present the instrumentation and construction of a source of high voltage, the source is controlled by the communication port Input/Output of a card of acquisition of data, we used programming language LabView®, is a tool for the design of acquisition systems, instrumentation and control. The source was utilize for to fabricate long period grating of optical fibers by means of inducing an electric arc with the point by point procedure, with this source is (mas) have low cost in the fabrication, this is 80 % down of technique with others devices. The instrument has a panel of virtual control to modify the time of duration of the arch, the voltage and the electric current applied to the optic fiber by means of two electrodes. The gratings were fabricated with SMF-28. These gratings can be used with optical fiber lasers as optical filters and in the implementation of optical sensors.

Resumen en español El Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC) es un trastorno psiquiátrico crónico, clínicamente heterogéneo, multidimensional, caracterizado por la presencia de obsesiones y compulsiones, en el cual la ansiedad es un componente fundamental del cuadro clínico. Los estudios de imágenes tienen una gran resolución espacial que permite la identificación de las alteraciones presentes en esta entidad pero tienen menor resolución temporal y son de mayor costo que los estudios (mas) electrofisiológicos. Entre las técnicas electrofisiológicas más utilizadas para investigar el TOC se encuentran el electroencefalograma (EEG) y los potenciales relacionados con eventos (PREs). El EEG es el registro de la actividad eléctrica cerebral, es decir, de las diferencias de voltaje entre dos electrodos situados sobre el cuero cabelludo, en función del tiempo. Los PREs son las fluctuaciones de voltaje que están asociadas temporalmente a la presencia de un evento físico o mental. El tipo de EEG más conocido es aquél que se analiza por inspección visual (EEG tradicional: EEG-T) y que se describe mediante la presencia y distribución topográfica de cuatro tipos de actividades electroencefalográficas: delta (δ), theta (θ), alfa (α) y beta (β). Las bandas δ y θ se identifican como actividades lentas mientras que las bandas α y β se conocen como actividades rápidas. En el TOC se ha referido la actividad lenta como la anormalidad más común en el EEG-T, especialmente la actividad de tipo θ, aunque también se han descrito EEGs normales. Por otra parte, las medidas espectrales de banda ancha (MEBAs) han comprobado este exceso de actividad lenta además de anormalidades en las bandas rápidas, particularmente en la α. Entre las MEBAs más utilizadas se encuentran la potencia absoluta y la potencia relativa. Se ha demostrado, tanto con las MEBAs como con el análisis de generadores del EEG, que aquellos pacientes que tienen un exceso de a en regiones anteriores y medias responden mejor a los inhibidores de la recaptura de serotonina, lo cual es de gran utilidad clínica. Los PREs se dividen en dos tipos: exógenos y endógenos. En este trabajo se hará referencia a los endógenos o cognitivos. Entre los componentes de los PREs cognitivos más característicos están el N200 y el P300. En los pacientes con TOC se han descrito amplitudes mayores y latencias más cortas en los componentes P3b y N200, lo cual se ha atribuido a hiperalertamiento cortical y sobrefocalización de la atención. También se han observado correlaciones positivas entre la amplitud del componente N200 y la cronicidad del trastorno y entre la amplitud del componente P300 y la severidad de la sintomatología del TOC. Los pacientes con este trastorno tienen la sensación de que > y se > en respuestas de verificación excesiva. Esto se ha asociado con una alteración en el proceso de monitorización de la acción, que representa una de las funciones ejecutivas a cargo de las regiones frontales, particularmente del cíngulo anterior, el cual posiblemente se > en los pacientes con TOC cuando tienen la sensación de haber cometido un error. La > (NRE) es una onda negativa, alrededor de los 50-150 ms, posterior a que el sujeto cometió un error o cuando está seguro de haberlo cometido. Se ha encontrado que los pacientes con TOC (niños y adultos) muestran un incremento de la negatividad de este componente en comparación a sujetos controles y se ha propuesto que pudiera considerarse como un marcador biológico del TOC. El EEG y los PREs pueden contribuir de manera importante, junto con los estudios clínicos e imagenológicos, a la identificación de las estructuras y circuitos involucrados en la fisiopatología del TOC. Además, hay evidencias que apoyan la utilidad de estas técnicas electrofisiológicas como estudios complementarios en la evaluación clínica y terapéutica de los pacientes con TOC. Resumen en inglés The obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a diverse and multidimensional psychiatric syndrome, characterized by obsessions and compulsions, where anxiety is considered to be a key clinical component. Imaging studies have shown brain abnormalities in patients with OCD involving mainly the frontotemporal circuits, the orbitofrontal and the anterior cingulate cortex. These techniques have a high spatial resolution to identify brain alterations in this disorder but have less (mas) time resolution and are more expensive than electrophysiological studies. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) are the most common electrophysiological techniques used in the research of OCD. The EEG represents the electrical activity of the brain as recorded by electrodes placed on the scalp. The ERPs are voltage fluctuations that are temporarily linked to the presence of a physical or mental event. The best-known type of EEG is the > (analyzed by visual inspection), which is characterized by the presence and topographic distribution of four frequency bands: delta (δ),theta (θ), alfa (α), and beta (β). The δ and θ bands are identified as slow activities while the α and β bands are known as fast activities. The slow activity has been referred to as the most common abnormality in OCD, specially in the θ band. Moreover, the Broad Band Spectral Parameters (BBSPs) have contributed, for more than two decades, to the study of psychiatric patients and their values can be presented in a compact form as a topographic map on the scalp (Brain Mapping in the frequency domain). The Absolute Power (AP) and the Relative Power (RP) are the most common BBSPs used. Is difficult to determine if AP is abnormal at certain age due to the fact that AP values vary with age. To solve it, it is suggested to transform AP's values, in every band, into Z values which indicate how close is the subject to the average values of normal individuals of the same age. Since abnormal increases and decreases have been described in the anterior brain regions by the slow bands (δ and θ) and the fast bands (α and β), some authors have considered inconsistent the alterations that have been observed with the BBSPs. Nevertheless, in accordance with traditional EEG studies, other authors have confirmed the excess of theta activity in patients with OCD. Of special interest for the clinical practice is that some authors have demonstrated, using the BBSPs, the existence of two OCD patients subgroups, which were homogeneous from the clinical point of view: one group with an excess of θ in the RP values, specially in the frontal and fronto-temporal regions, and a significative increase of α RP values for the other group. Eighty per cent of the patients of the first subgroup did not improved with selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors treatment, whereas 82.4 % of the patients of the second group improved. These results were confirmed ten years later and the α RP excess, present in those patients who improved, decreased after three months of treatment. However, it must be reminded that the generator of abnormal brain electrical activity, could be originate in a distant place to the location shown by the scalp electrodes. LORETA and VARETA are two methods used to calculate the origin of the generators above mentioned. The first investigation using LORETA was published in 2005, and it was observed that compared to controls, the OCD group showed an excess of β activity in the cingulate gyrus (mainly in the middle cingulate gyrus), as well as in the adjacent frontal, parietal and occipital regions. Two years later, in another EEG sources study, but using VARETA, has been found an excess of α activity with abnormal EEG sources located in the striatum and in the orbito-frontal and temporo-frontal regions, which decreased after successful treatment with paroxetine. Therefore, it is also heartening to confirm, through the study of generators of the EEG, a result of great clinical value previously proved with BBSPs. The ERPs are divided into two types: exogenous and endogenous. In this paper we shall refer to the endogenous or cognitive type which depends on the nature of the interaction between the subject and the stimulus, so it will vary with attention, relevance of the task and the processing required. The ERPs are small voltage fluctuations that are identified by their latency (time of appearance in milliseconds), its amplitude (voltage in microvolts) and its polarity (positive or negative voltage). Among the most characteristic ERPs components are the N200 and the P300. In most cases these components are elicited through a classical > paradigm, in which an infrequent stimulus (>) is randomly interspersed within an ongoing train of a different repeating stimulus (>). There are at least two subcomponents of the P300: a frontal/central maximum amplitude component, the P3a that appears after the occurrence of unexpected distracters, regardless of its relevance for the task and represents an orienting response. The other one is the P3b, which has been more studied, it has a central/parietal distribution and evaluates attention and working memory.

Resumen en español El desarrollo de la tecnología en las últimas décadas del siglo XX ha conllevado disponer de dispositivos, como los neuroestimuladores espinales, que han permitido un salto cualitativo muy importante en el tratamiento de pacientes con dolor severo y de difícil control. En general, las complicaciones que pueden surgir tras la colocación de un electrodo de estimulación de cordones posteriores son mínimas, pero se han descrito algunas de ellas, como son: el desplazami (mas) ento del electrodo, la infección y la rotura del electrodo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven, ingeniero técnico agrícola, con antecedente de alergia a ácaros del polvo, que presentó tras la picadura de un insecto (Simulium Dam-nosum) en miembro superior derecho, un cuadro de shock séptico, con ingreso durante 48 horas en Reanimación. Durante la hospitalización presentó dolor neuropático severo con escasa respuesta a tratamiento convencional. Tres años y medio después de la picadura del insecto, fue remitido a la Unidad del Dolor de nuestro centro, donde se procedió a primer tiempo de implante de electrodo de estimulación de cordones posteriores, que hubo de ser retirado a los seis días por una infección del electrodo por Estafilococo Aureus. El paciente fue sometido a las pruebas epicutáneas con las sustancias habituales y con las sustancias procedentes de los componentes del neuroestimulador. Se descartó la posibilidad de alergia a alguno de los componentes del sistema implantable que fuera el responsable de una reacción inflamatoria y posterior sobreinfección del catéter. Es necesario destacar que la mejor manera de evitar las infecciones es extremar las medidas de asepsia y debemos valorar la realización de las pruebas de alergia en pacientes con historia de reacciones alérgicas o atopia que aseguren no causarán rechazo del sistema. Resumen en inglés Technological developments in the last decade of the 20th century have led to the design of devices such as spinal cord stimulators for the management of severe and intractable pain. Complications after the implantation of the electrodes are infrequent, but some as breakage, infection and displacement have been reported. The case of a young technical agricultural engineer with a medical history of allergy to acarus is described. He developed a septic shock following the s (mas) ting of an insect (Simu-lium Damnasum) on the top right limb, being admitted to intensive care for 48 hours. During his hospital stay, he had severe neuropathic pain with a poor response to conventional treatment. Three and a half years after this event, the patient was sent to the Pain Management Unit, where the first stage of an electrode implantation for a spinal cord stimulator was carried out. The system was withdrawn after six days due to a Staphylococcus Aureus infection. A series of epicutaneous test for regular substances and for those from the spinal cord stimulator components were made. The likelihood of an allergy to some component of the implantable device, responsible for an inflammatory reaction and subsequent infection of the catheter, was ruled out. It is important to point out that careful asepsis is still the best means to avoid infections. In patients with a medical history of atopia or allergic reactions, allergic tests should be considered as a measure to prevent rejections of devices.

The electrochemical homopolymerization of o-aminobenzoic acid has been performed on both gold and graphite surfaces in perchloric acid aqueous medium by cyclic scanning of the potential. Electroactive polymeric materials are formed in all cases but the amount of electropolymerization products seems ...

8 pages, 8 figures.-- Available online on Oct 10, 2007. | A novel impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of a wide variety of compounds, based on a two coplanar non-passivated interdigitatedmetallic μ-electrodes and non-labeled immunoreactives, has been designed and developed. A very useful de...

Resumen en inglés Objective. We review our experience with surgical treatment in tuberous sclerosis and refractory epilepsy. Method. Between june 1995 and june 2008 , surgery was performed in 12 patients with tuberous sclerosis and refractory epilepsy. Median age: 6 years (r=6 months-19 years). 6 males and 6 females. Epilepsy began during the first year of life. They have been studied with RMI and video-EEG. Two patients were studied with intracranial electrodes. Electrocorticography was p (mas) erformed in 7, somatosensory evoked potentials in 2 and cortical stimulation in 1. Epileptogenic region was frontal in 4 , temporal in 3, parietal in 2, occipital in 1 and bilateral in 2. Surgical procedures were resection of the epileptogenic regions and associated tuber(s) in 6, temporal lobectomy in 1, callosotomy in 1, parietal lobectomy in 1, frontal polectomy and vagus nerve stimulation in 1. A second surgery was performed in 1 case. Results. The outcome of seizures was classified with Engel's outcome classification : 7 patients were in class I , 2 in class II and III . Callosotomy and vagus nerve stimulation were performed in 2 patients who had multifocal abnormality , seizure freedom was achieved in more than 60%.

Experimental and theoretical evidence of plasmon-enhanced Kerr rotation in purely ferromagnetic membranes with sufficiently small dimensions to be out of extraordinary optical transmission conditions (45 nm pore diameter, 90nm lattice constant), is reported in this work. It is shown that the spectra...

5 pages, 4 figures.-- PMID: 19190760 [PubMed].-- PMCID: PMC2629847. | We demonstrate that human electrophysiological recordings of the local field potential (LFP) from intracranial electrodes, acquired from a variety of cerebral regions, show a ubiquitous 1/f2 scaling within the power spectrum. We d...

12 pages, 13 figures.-- Printed version published on Aug 8, 2007. | A novel impedimetric immunosensor for atrazine detection, a widely used pesticide, is described. It is based on a two coplanar non-passivated interdigitated metallic μ-electrodes (IDμE) and the differential measurement of the impeda...

Resumen en inglés The mining industry around the world produces an important amount of wastes, which by their high toxic metal and iron sulfide content present a serious environmental problem. Iron sulfide oxidation under weathering conditions provokes the main environmental problem of the mining industry, the generation of Acid Rock Drainage (ARD). Up to now the prediction methodologies do not allow the study of important factors that influence the generation of ARD, producing in some cas (mas) es erroneous or uncertain conclusions. This paper shows the utilization of cyclic voltammetry using carbon paste electrodes (CPE-Mineral) as an alternative tool in the study of the oxidation capacity of iron sulfides and mining wastes. This electrochemical technique constitutes a novel methodology to establish and understand the factors involved during generation of ARD. Results of several studies including selected sulfide samples and sulfide mining wastes have been described in order to show the capacity of this methodology as a complementary tool in the prediction of the generation of ARD.

Resumen en español La estimulación magnética transcraneana (EMT) es una técnica neurofisiológica nueva que permite inducir una corriente eléctrica en el interior del cerebro mediante un campo magnético que atraviesa el cuero cabelludo y el cráneo sin causar dolor. Debido a esto no se requiere anestesia alguna. Existen dos tipos de aplicación: EMT simple y EMT repetitiva (EMTr). La primera hace referencia a la aplicación de estímulos únicos. La EMTr es la aplicación de estímulos (mas) repetidos con regularidad a una misma zona de la corteza cerebral. La EMT es segura y no tiene efectos colaterales la mayoría de las veces. No obstante, los más frecuentes son la presencia de cefalea o dolor en el cuello, leves en intensidad y ceden fácilmente con Aspirina o acetaminofén. Las contraindicaciones absolutas incluyen a las personas que tengan algún objeto metálico en la cabeza, con excepción de las prótesis dentales. También quienes tienen implantado marcapasos, bombas de infusión y aumento de la presión endocraneana. En personas con antecedentes personales o familiares de epilepsia debe guardarse especial precaución, debido al riesgo de convulsiones. La EMT se está estudiando como un tratamiento potencial para la depresión y otros trastornos neurológicos y psiquiátricos. Algunos estudios sugieren su utilidad en lugar de la terapia electroconvulsiva en pacientes con depresión resistente al tratamiento con antidepresivos. Resumen en inglés Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new neurophysiologic technique that allows the induction of a electrical current in the brain using a magnetic field that can penetrate the subject's scalp and skull. The effect of the magnetic field and the induction of the current in the brain are not painful. The procedure is done while the subject is awake and no anesthesia is needed. There are two kinds of administration: single-pulse TMS and repetitive TMS (rTMS). Single- (mas) pulse TMS is the administration of single stimulus. rTMS is the administration of repetitive stimulus to same area of cerebral cortex. TMS is safe and free of side-effects in most situations. However, there are some adverse effects. The principal is the induction of a muscle tension headache or a neck ache in approximately 3 of every 100 subjects studied. These are generally mild and respond easily to an aspirin or acetaminophen. There are relative and absolute contraindications to rTMS. rTMS should not be in patients with metal anywhere in the head, excluding the mouth, in subjects with cardiac pacemakers and implanted medication pumps, in patients with electrodes inside the heart and in persons with increased intracranial pressure. Subjects with a history of seizures or a family history of epilepsy are at increased risk of a seizure and caution is needed when applying rTMS to this persons. TMS is being studied as a potential treatment for depression and other neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Some studies have suggested that repetitive TMS may be very useful instead of electroconvulsive therapy in treatment of drug-resistant depression.

Resumen en inglés Objective: To describe the presentation and the management of the Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (ETM) in adult patients and to evaluate the results of the presented series. Description: the authors selectioned 3 cases among 53 adults who underwent surgical treatment with ETM diagnosis. Case 1: Female patient, 32 years old. Antecedents of complex partial crisis since 6 years old, some of the crisis related to febrile episodes. Aura related like unpleasent gastroesophageal sens (mas) ation, break of contact, right hand dystonia, cephalic turn to right and oroalimentary and manual automatism. RMI and EEG-Video: injury compatible with left ETM. Case 2: Male patient, 24 years old. Antecedents of complex partial crisis since 13 years old. Break of contact, verbal automatisms (repeats unintelligible sounds) and sensation of postictal sickness. RMI: increase of signal (FLAIR) in both hippocampus, impressing rigth atrophy. EEG-Video with profund electrodes implanted: start of the crisis on a rigth mesial temporal level. Case 3: Female patient, 21 years old. Antecedents of complex partial crisis since 12 years old. Complex partial crisis with bimanual and oroalimentary automatisms with an episode of generalization. RMI and EEG-Video: injury compatible with rigth ETM. Intervention: Case 1 and 2 were resolved by the realization of an anteromesial resection of Spencer. In case 3 a selective amygdalo hippocampectomy was practiced. Conclusion: ETM is the paradigm of the refractory epilepsy in an adult population. Precocious diagnosys and treatment allow to obtain a high index of cure with small amount of significant sequels.

7 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables.-- Printed version published Jul 1, 2008. | This paper reports on the electrochemical performance of carbon-based electrodes subjected to thermal treatment. Changes in texture and chemical composition were evaluated and used to assess the effect of thermal treatment on t...

Resumen en inglés Background: Implantable defibrillators are the most effective means to prevent sudden death in patients with malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The availability of this type of devices is limited in Chile, due to their high price. Aim: To report the first patients treated with implantable defibrillators in our hospital. Patients and methods: Nine males and one female aged 13 to 65 years old are reported. Three presented with ventricular fibrillation (presenting out o (mas) f the hospital in three) and the rest had ventricular tachycardia resistant to drugs or radiofrequency ablation. Results: All implants were performed using intracardiac electrodes. The generator was implanted in the pectoral region in nine and in the abdomen in one. A successful defibrillation was obtained with less than 15 J in four patients, with 20 J in three and with 24 J in three. There were no complications during the procedure. After a 12 months follow up, four patients have been treated by the implantable device. One of these subjects had a ventricular fibrillation in two occasions. One patient died of a bronchopneumonia two years after the implant. Conclusions: Implantable defibrillators are an effective therapy for the treatment of malignant ventricular arrhythmias with a high risk of sudden death

Diffusional transport theory for micro- and nano-ring-recessed disc microelectrodes has been developedusing finite difference methods. The device is typically operated in generator–collector mode with thedisc acting as generator and the ring as the collector. The collection efficiency, defined as ...

The present study compared the response of rust-free and corroded steel electrodes in Ca(OH)2-saturated solutions and in cement mortar, essentially defined in termsof polarization resistance as measured with gravimetric, metallographic and electrochemical methods. Answers were sought for the follow...

6 pages, 7 figures.-- Printed version published Jul 1, 2008. | The electrochemical behaviour of a chemically activated carbon with oxygen-containing surface groups was studied using a conventional macroelectrode configuration with disc electrodes and the single particle microelectrode technique. The...