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fiw d w $) / &' 9 zi&%i yys&_w/&9_4f sfc/as # â– mmmmm m m^*^^^^*****^**r*mmmmmmm^m^*mmmmmmmmmmmmsmm*Â»*mt*nmm*tm ri,..wis.i.â€žn';,ri.",,s t.^.^'spjemwi'b.i tr!ift r ri 1 ,'!,! ____]&Â£ ""'"*â€¢' hav '^ e 'Â» wmce fiÂ»Â«1Â«*ftÂ»y ***** ind no fe,poÂ»sa in the heart ol the citizen and vbich wii be evaded with little remorse s â€ž^ ma /),-. chancing b rto.n craige sahsiuhv rowan county \. i monday m\y Â». 1 -.â€¢â– â€¢â– . vol mil su 1.4 f.'tfs and general signification that it is diffi cult to ti thoir pre is meaqing if seeing the accessary tendency and ef foci ct'tlie doetrina designed to be put forth on r in passage any one denies na truth such mny iniiiieilia ly be out bv the ns sertioh that it is not stute i as doctrine i ut m liist ,,, i del merely il'n be do nii-'l ts i ii 1 net it may ;â€žâ€¢ immedibtely said that il is not asaertod isusiibslao live tact l.m only n.s one inferred iv others previou-il dated ifthe correct in-ss nf tins inference is questioned then th h ester v fxkfililxn.x is published ouct n ir eie at tup hollars ;â– < r e â€ž â– â€ž i fhiiil irith n three month nr tiro 11 nl fifty rn is if pa nl nl any lh pit 1 within the yi ar v paper ,. â€¢// l iiuiti mud until all arrearage art mi unless nt the editor discretion 1 tuhsofiption xeilt bt received jor a less ten than our year 1 1 th re to noli < iln editor ofa teisti to ti irontinue onr m nth before tin eipira if a year irill be considered a j " fit ir , in'ti^einrnt t,s i mark no social connocion of am sort i firmer t have actually t listed it i.s merely said that wo verv earlv con sidered ourselves as connected and i.t what was tins iniaemarv eoin.ceti on nuted ; worn we inhabitants ofs com n 11 territory the vacant and unoccupied parts of which wore admitted to alii \... i>,,l e pi,s.....>s ||â€ž. ham religious faith ' no did there exist nnv cue institution which having been created or preserved in all was therefore common to all v b what lie then did tins people consider themselves to be con ted in th.-ir nolo nml state ' win i t e ne ofa supposed comm , interest \ before presi dent jiieksoii.ev.-r bought of inferring the existence of a community irom such a fact which if he believed to he sufficient to produce hai eflbct would consolidate probably one half the people i the whole world into one community and by so do ing would dissolve more than the half of all the societies n,,w existing whose mem bors do not even consider themselves as connected by any such tie n.il perhaps it w;ll he snid that i d the prosidonl wrong in supposing that he a il " thr people when he says â€¢' wo that in this personal pronoun lie did not mean t 1 t nil the colonists in their individual hu in the social characters which they bad long bad and which was denoted by the term colonies if so tins sentence becomes the simple annunciation ofa w.-ll known historical fact proved bv numerous documents in cur archives that even iu their colonial state the several colonies considered themselves asconnec ted with each olher by a common interest but as nil these doettiiients while estab lishing this fact establish also that tin belief of a common interest was neither designed or ever supposed to amalgamnti the different colonies bl whom it was en tcrtaitied into a single c.-iiiiiiunitv but merely to invite to their t*o operation eon federncy and union as iliitinct independent communities it is not ensv in discern how from such a fact the existence ,,| a single community could be inferred therefor and as the usu made of ihe assertion was afterwards manliest 1 was bound lu con si ler its iii suing to be such as i have sin ted especially as 1 found this word we iu an ad li-s of he president to liis " fel iom oitizens the people s much for the first proposition of thi ir,-inii",i which if considered iubnelighi a i a iiii'i directly in contradiction i it conclusion and if considered in south er asserts i..i only an unknown lint but one unimportant fii ,-. nil h known i which l ih.-se lights i was designed lobe seen lol he rules ofthe english lauguage a el lh ctlticlusiun of lhe argiiuie.it itself deter due mitll wh,,t l||e*>0 li-agues w 0 l.li.lle yel ns t w re cert ly made for cam m 11 , fence alj ihnen who mo he lis posted lo believe that " we"in the find sentence de-voted il colonists as in.li 1 11 is and 11.1t il colonies as commu'ni lie . will of curae ronoldde that these l ., â– -.,â– * were made by tlm same " we 1 ' with some community foreign io them wives â€” while li,,hit win understand " we in n different sense will a'rue al a couclllsiol diametrically opposetl lo tins â€” sn much for ihe second member ofthis nr i nt which like lbe lirsi is either true nr false a.-ei.rdii g t lhe meaning intend | i to be annexed by its author to tbe word " we nn.l â€¢- our ver lir in established '" rcjgiilale fin proceedings nf this congress w:is liiiii 111 determining questions each ''â– !â– , \ r fr vinee shi.nl i line m vole withoul any rsference tn ilie imn.tier of it dole gates present r of its ubportaoce iu any sense .. hatever upon such evidence i think myself justified iii saj in ihat lliii at hi.im atth sequent period il tn.iv | liblj l lound umi tl delegates united ma e.-nei;.l con gress in some rf their ordinal proceed ings and for brevity's sake may fierhaps have spoken of themselves ag thc dele?al8n of ihe united colonies yel in nil their solemn acts tl.e ars diflerepllj described rinisiiitlii mn import in i er which penally when these declarations â– â€ž. ut ter,-1 in fhe net itself mil i course ut i!k tinip ... perfo it tig it ll these plain propositions which every tin hns hitherto acknowledged t h true are still admitted to be correct it will ihi found difficult cer.ainl , nav impos sil.le pl..hiilily , ... ..-.- neile lie in with lfl i-seriio.ikof id president jvhen tbe il-.-i intended t be produced b ilte*e baser tmns is remembered the b|e i in view in making these assertione>is to prove i are b thnt by virtue of the declaration of independence wo acknowledged oiir.*c!vÂ»a to be one nation il.-i he presi lent says that decisive and important .-.. p was tiiuen jointly now it in this bo in ins to sb , merely , thai llu declaration it lhe in rk of many prisms co nperat i.il to produce it no matter iu what clii.r i.et i tlli'l iieled he na . i -. ,, del m ll'l important to l.is purp â– < i so i m i io : x iy une that il r ul . tua nh , i iu ilicmtis in utter it with auch apparent iirav ily if indeed it tvas_i_ocoe*ar to stale it in all hut if he moans to be understood ns asserting i bul tins declaration xx the joint act ofthe rcpresetitnlii s of nnv in gle body previously kn un as a t inn wealtu or nation besides tlm inst i icnl r ror coin i.iited he sl il what must in uit intelligible to all except t those who can comprehend how am single body can 1 any joint act i should have been disposed to consider this sentence as a men uc curacy cause i by lhe precipitate hnsl in whicli this state paper waa pruhnhlv pit pared nnd therefore lo have passed ii by unnoticed out that it is in exn,*t l_e ping wilh all the previous purls of this argu ment and moreover i in pt'.bstnncerepea led more impressively in the next sentence wherein it is said that we declared ur *, ives ii nnt ten by t joint not by sen rid nets ' w if we were a nation lieli.re il.e declaration of independence wns ut tered us it mis the purpose ol nil the pres vious pnrlsol this ni on to prove it would have been impossible for us as i na tion t pint liiini tins fuel by nnv j-iint net ni.d if i fore thai event . cein red w wars not n mution bul separate oominunit es Â» indiiidual_t.it suefns ditfi'eult to conceive how we whether the coldt.iesor cl i istsj could han dee.lan .! ourselves as u nation in mil other than sevt ral nets i he reason ofall ihis mvslilie t'.nti ind apparent ah-unlity till be obvious whop we ome to consider the de durations actually ini.de in the ivrlm...iiÂ»i i.f l.t.lep iitl-'id itself we ajlc_.ll then find that lh â€¢ in tiruinent instead of pp'claiii ing lie ol ouies to be one nati.-n declared lien to be free and independ nl states in i . nis hence us il waa impossible to infer tb ex i-ieiu-e .,;' one notion from su.h term in which this idea is so plan it and positive ly negatived resort was hail to the n-mi ner in which this declaration tins made nud we are told " that decisive and in pflr tunt-tcp was ti'keii jointly * and i at â– we declared ourselves a ati ii ly hjfin not by several acts â€” as ifthe plain . , - ol.vls ou.s ineaiiiiig of the net its if cmild is cl.dll gcd by any auch extrinsic circumstances i have now done with lhi purl i i'm argument of the pitsidenf the design of wbicb is to show unit these stat s never wore sovereign in shewing lhal they con stituted but parts of another sov-r ignly called be un ion i will notv proceed to give mv account of tli â– declaration of in dependence ; and therein to alate my ide as of its effects upon the several colonies wholly their representatives x^ete parties to thnt itiatrutne.it a discussion us to t lie tr-.c i ,,/ person won inn i tol stent suh mctib r h thr carulinian shall hatt ,. jnenth jm jut gratis â€” advertising 1 tbe u8u 1 1 lilies 1 /, tiers tmarested tn the fill tor mist br /'".' jui'i.t arthetf t ill not be attended to these terms v ii bo strictly adder l to meaning ii words employed to mat tin facts from which the inference n nii.ile : in,l hns discussion if it convicts ths author of error will also furnish bun an excuse i.t saying that he is i schol ar i'-.i skilled tn â€¢â€¢ nictuphysical subtlety iiiid then i ie mav li.ive iim',1 terms innp proprinie t . convey accurately ins own meaning which however is precise yours hct if iheaignificatinn of the words employed in this apparent nn.l simple nar rative is once admitted lo lie lha in Â« inch tbey art obviously used and if ilie i.i.i themselves so taken ar cnncctled.then no logical mm i can escape froth the couclll ston derived from such liicts id the pur p re pf this argument which i tn disprove the origiti.il sovereign rights ofthe stales is lolly attainted having ml rreil the existence of a sup posed community and also inferred n governmen lori in ths motje 1 have sin led ilie next tiling needful wus to bestow a nsmn upon tins itifbiil nation bul ns ll would have l-eell dlllieull to n i'i ii na winch could not hnve lmd anv pre viniis existence the presidenl was coin palled lo stale tlii-i name positively â€” therefore hu next says that â€¢' before the declaration of independence wo were known in ir aggregate character as tho i nited t'.,|.,.u,'s â€¢( america tho at tempt to infer any fact from any name thpj c ul i utter ilie iiii.iijshioii in ti.-tt washington as coipinahdnr in chief granted mi th 7th june 1775 tln-v stale themselves tbe delegati i die united colonies f new hampshire v nam in v eaoh ns before mid by timt ntu-,e nml in unit ch'arselor grant to inm nil the rights and authorities which he then bc quired tliemlorft the president aeema to inn i us link ground i'nr bestowing ll.it i low name f ii e i ni.,.,1 colonies of viner ca upon nil iln revi-ltiil polonies t col mists uf thai ley ffehe inn to bestow u..,,u he_ci.loin-.ls mi i such n^ei tfiiti cliniue political , ii.j'l tub nos polk u.illtld pui>1;)kn 1".s proclamation au 3 the people of tiiti several revolted col - f great bniuii , having become free sovereign and independent states in the b nil-r staled in rty last nrtinfber inn-t i inii continue o be such sovereigns i il.'ss ihey have done or buffered t iiii this iheir sovereignty was assumed whereby u - rights and powers i icen in hilled ilav.i hey done or bii i r sucli a"t ' t.ns is the quos i 1 .. ;.',, in my i-i iiiiuiher i proposed ( in iiithis itul a re-perusal ofthe i nation of the resident since this ji i was tiiiide having shcwn me v i tia-l not before observed that <| lit ir therein cust upon tho truth of in â€¢ ti n whicl asserted tbo prum ti â€¢ ign.v of tint several states ul t tt is often a limited by necessn r ip â– lol at leas , in mum otherpirts ef ni very instrument itself i think tt rig it to nude ivor t , reiii-ive all these doubts before 1 proc ed further in tbo ex edition f ine task i lave undertaken during the various discussions which i i iti-.ti of lhe q lestions as ... lhe ex te it if fho legitimate powers of the pre be .' i iverii,u,nt off-he united stales call e.l forth iu former days his asserted n if ml s iv.reigniv of tbe states was admit t ' i f 1 uni 1 by huh s.d-a and made ti . -. it l.usis of all lhe urijiim.'iits offod c lists and democrats respectively t l â€¢ iliseus.i ms the it was then brought l ither naity a-s niueli f z'-al of ind,is t f wisdom and ul laborious research u e . vi been manifested iu this coun ti iaf ire or since j md tint discussions w.,ie conducted on either hand by many oi ' , patriots ofthe devolution who were _____â– nilittr with all its t vents because tbey b i '. ii actors and advisers in thnt great t ne tih initio naj it iisml to bo then contended by either party that the jeal ous retainer by the states of t ii 1 s primi tive rights of sovereignty caused lite ne . i'n ihe then new rode ral c-.nsti.t t ru like holiorei m ck " nous a s>n . .... n_*e tout cela awl the new coll .- g if politicians httving younger and i.f ji-'irse wiser heads h.iie of into discuy-sr s ' ial nil this wus a mistake the fashionable doetrtnes oftho ptes < . , seams to be i hat these state ne c r ipere lorrreiifn ; that there was from tie i iiining some great central saver sign power ahnlnigs imewbere else than in . <â€¢ veriil states of which thev were en ij'-cts and all then peoplo lieges in i ition of this new doctrine ihe pro , on says thai " in our colonial state a t;li dependent u on uno.lier power tv wn early conaide ed ourselves as con c it'll by common interest with each oth or leagues were f rnied for common tl â€ž ,â€¢ ; and before the declaration of in ii eiico we were mown in our a^gre *. ii ni r af the uniled colonies of a -. that decisive and important step v .- â– .;.. ,. |. milt . vi e l.-cl.ir il 1 elves i ll n i i , um ni t by several acts \< < e mg cn ition iii winch this i , i mined io intended assertions â– â€¢ ', n w idle seat ling to narrate fuels in i in ii peni ig it obviously und , odli eaves ii r escape from these - , ,-â– *. be thereafter controverted inai 1 uipscxcite tlie u dn in hot of nun is train <â€¢ .' lining in the nates of diplomacy i vhen fund hi a state paper ottered li i inl magistrate uim.iiince.l by i â– i iujj intended for the edification i.i ut ion of those to whom it is ad dressed it can never meet the apprnba t â– in candid and ingenuous iisobvi oui ii|.,,*i .* t set as a poliilcal dog li i ' 1 the r veiled ol inies la'came one f iei j nation la re tb.-i i'i rail ss sn . lei.ignty up n themselves as in d.t aal s ti ; und to prove thai the bl ... w ire v leigu itut as this n doctrine was in direct cnlliet with i ur inst opinions snd ia seeming op i â– - lo much of mr p.isi histarv i Â« i.id lo blurt t in the public face a as doctrine ; therefore h ispreseo .' tremiuglt as a siinple fact nay it tt i exhibited as a substantive tii"t ihi in i it gun fa iii inference 1 f om â€¢ i ,--, , i â€¢ r fiu ' merely would be considered genernlli l'*r as thai under ivhieh he is supposed fo lull " bs an assumption iii 111 au inference asserl ihat they were then knot i ll i int.-r the facl ol u single nation whetliejf by the declaration of iodepen li--in the name of many unit od colonies peodence uttered in 17th either in the ur of many colonies united whether iii manner in which that decisive and im america or any where else is not only t portent step wus taken or in the inn grnutidless assumption but a plain pervcr 8w 8 of timt instrument we declared sion of the meauing of words unless t/ni ourselves a naiion and bo annulled or ted und consolidated the presidenl prevented nil he sovereign rights of the seems to have beer aware of this there s ' s - i a question i sl 1,1 have exam fore to do away solar as be could the d in this number oxeept for tbe reason elll'.t of liis own strong words united i have before slated hut mr editor i colonies used apparently to shew that tbe have already occupied so much of i nur colonies wore united and not consolidated space that i must not intrude upon ii t ia.o mi vis.s or nation be tells us thai present further than to say that this do â€¢â€¢Â».- were known m nur aggregate char cluratipr l mg ihe first act winch occurs , n ',."' bi this name â€” alilm 1 eimii.it bid m i'r history ibal pan be or is supposed , ,' sidflring ibis phrase uggri gate char '"â€¢ annul uiy ufllie seven igu rights ofthe inter ns very iufelicitious especially states us minute oxaininatiuii mado a when applied to united colonies yet l l iut "' '"> original plan which w.ll be freely admit tliut the excuse of the it he prosecuted iu my next numb r inrician ma be fiiuntl in the necessity ths a virginian politician has to employ it there were two no 1 differing parties interested iu the matter the declaration trf independence uttered he was desirous t please boll l.eâ€žlâ€ž,e iu n7 , i)w a s considered al ll.nl dâ€ži us from ih begi-imng ol his argument he â€ž. t . ,â€žâ€ž,, important act which bad ever " . i i 1 terms s general that either occurred in tl cpuniry und subsequeni nigh apply ihem to the.r own side ; but ,,,..â€ž hlu ,.,,, ttt ., lk â€ž, lt . j t|ic nntiiju il wh ,. he came o g.ve a name to lus nn u;m ben mtended lo inctdcale we still lion he lound at so c early indieuting ,. 0 ,â€ž, ,â€ž commemorate it ani.ui.llv on ., it ,. it us nol one consolidated muss but , ue ,, av of its date when all the citize.i of nauy distinct inassos united merely t these now un.tpd stales join with oueac zz ''"^ r > '" w ";' k '" ,' " ! l , rce u â„¢'' 8 * crd it bumble adoration and tlumksgiv hence he tells us that although ive wore jngtothat divine providpmse.undecwbosc united by name ye ,., character we were prot eciion the creat trffihs it announces aggregated that is to say qoiiaolidojed w ,.,. u ai tl . rw a,ds maiutaiiuxl and cstab i what source be piesideni muv fished but if the eflbct df this doclara have derived his iuformb.ion ns to aggie lion wns to consolidate nil the then colo gale character except rom its name 1 nics by whose representatives it was made luioiv not hut if bis information as to us one nation and to atiutlgatiiair tbeir in ur character is as inaccurate us his rep lu.b.iuuts into one people the fourth t en mi ii ol in mime but little reliance dai of july instead of being celebrated a should be paid to it i havo before mo a a jubiloe wnuld probably be pent much copy ofthe journal of the first congress more appropriately in weeping and wailing which met ai the carpenters hall iu wus such the true nature and intended ef the city of philadelphia pn monday the feet nf this declaration this is the quos 5th day of september 177t in ibis first tiui 1 propose now to examine and nuist iiullu hit d'-cuiuent which am in spooking of this declaration the one can consult to discover either tbeir president says in his proclui.ia.inn thnt name or character at that day both the decisive end important step was taken joint one ad the other is thus described we | v . vve declared ourselves a nation bi tin delegates of the several colonies of ajjninl not by several acta ll ia obvious new hampshire tic c naming each fiom this passage that its author designed deput 1 to represent them in a co-itiiienul t establish the existence t ,. nation bo congress under ibis name and in this loss by lbe uiauncr in whicli ihe declara i ii - â€¢!â€¢ r wus their first great act nf as lion w-ts tiuile lhan bv tl.o actual aster s.jeii.t ti entered into for non iii,,â€ž,itu tion of this instrument itsulf for n.i sat tiiui non consumption and noii-exputu isfied with staling that this step was luken tmn and recommended ' to the provincial jointly he adds that by such a joint act conventions and to the committees in the w e declared ourselves a nuiion i will respective colonics to bfc carried into ef examine into tlm truth of tech of these feet by them under the name and char assertions before i give uiy own views of iieii-r of " the delegates appointed l.y the the subject several english clonics of new hump a joint apt ex ri termini implies the shire izr naming each lo t sider of co-operation uf several agents by whose tlieir grievances in general congress united and joined agencies it has been was tlieir next great act ibe address t produced hence it would be a veri the people of great britain uttered un great solecism to speak of am ict done b der the nume and chiiracter of â€¢' we ibe one agent only as a ioiut act nnd there delegates of the colonies of new hump fl.re no corporate ci is ever properly dl sbire kc iiiimitig cneh deputed by the scribed as the joint act of u corporation inhabitants of the said colonies to rep even when such a body is composed of resent them in a general congress to ninnv members ; f.r although lhe iti.-.t cortsull together die wns tl.e address lo bers'iuay be many the corporation is but the inhabitants of the province of quebec e and tbe act if u cojporate act must put forth under the name und character be performed bv that one body only it of " we your majesty's faithful subjects is not evwy act effected bv be cn opera f.he colonies of new hampshire v tion nf several ugents however tint is naming each in behalf of ourselves and properly termed a joint act â€” because al ofthe inhabitants of these colonies who though considered in reference to the num have deputed s lo represent them iu gen b r ol its bullion every single net acc.ui oral congress was the address lo the p|,s|,ed bv the cooperation of several king ad pte i win h wns the lasl act of agaqts must ho tbeir joint uct yel ooo ibal rulighteuedaad patriotic body tl.e sl dcred iii reference to its intended eflfaets insl < ougress in short there raouot be as tliesa mav be many and attach to all i ond a siagln act of th fi'st congress in to acn or to some onlv of its ajfents the which thai body denominated itself as act jj regarded ss either joint or esaral " tbe uniled colonies f america or i-.o-ordiug lo the nature f ih.-s l mded iu which its membera denominated them eifects hut as the intent ofthe act can li u delegates of or to any body of , t possibly 1st inferred fr.-tu the number ib.it n-iiie s f d r from it all lies ac.s ofagentl co-operating ... us accomplish a!:,w ipon fbeir very face ihat they wore ! ment while it is admitted that several as the arts of individuals retires tiling rt well as joint effects may-tad do result even ipectiyely not one but several constituent from a joint net the nature of such an act t be and these individuals as tbo rep | c an only be ascertained fro at the intention resencatiaea f web constituent bodies uf i agents this intenlion iâ€žâ€ž*t al re-pa-lively were u-d t is a-.se hle,l in wai a lai *.,.| k i r and iwrnllv is la-st a g aeral l.'-.i.grc i , inr-i.er proof of o.and-sle.l â– , ||,. '.,-'â– ,.â€ž,.,â€ž'.' â– ,.,. juc4 a mj uht t stwu ked ti uio.bgtuacnio'.jj-sd tj pcuÂ»rt*j ita est t the ingenuity of an argument thus con slructed undoubtedly lias merit but it is n it such merit as ingenuous candor can ever claim lt imposes upon ell who may deny its conclusion the laborious ask of unravelling a long tissue of supposed er rors and when they have done so it ex poses them t.i the sneer of having labored to disprove what it will lhen be suid was never affirmed on the oilier ha.nl.iftliev pass hv such tilings unnoticed they imme dintelv full into the snare laid for them from which limy cannot then easilv exlri ente themselves l-'cr one 1 greatly pre fer to undertake the labor and lo subject mysrlfto the sheer tli in tn incur lhe other hazards thurelore i will bung the whole i tins narrative and argumentative passage n the l-sl ofa strict aiin lysis lis importance justifies its mt requires this the object of this argument confess id in iis conclusion is to prove ihat ihr i'm pie of sonic of these now united tst.ites while in their colonial state declared themselves to be a nation in the ll lur utioii ,,!' independence made in 17tu ,,,, d.r which they became one people the necessary und inevitable result i this would be that the people having once re solved themselves in one nation could not the rea iter c real â– themselves intusepar ui an i independent sovereignties other wise thii hi tnrcc or by common con sent but ns no one has presumed as yet at le.isi i establish or attempt t , establish sovereignly here by force and as there evists ii-.t tin slightest memorial of any common consent on the part uf this sup insed nation to its own disme iib-rui it therefore the s ivereignty ofthe si ilea nc ver could have existed tha author f tins proclamation does not seem to have been uw.ire ofthe fact which i stated in mv last nitml-r that before the declara tion of independence in julv 1tt8 the people of virginia cortuinlv and ol cer lain of tho other colonies i believe in.l severally mx independence in totally dis solving tbeir former government and or darning new governments for themselves respectively hut if such a fact had been known to him it would not have changed the intended eqoct of hia conclusions be cruise as this new nation ia said tn have be.-iicreated by lhe people a part of which people lhe creators of state sovereign were their last act would of course have abrogated and annulled their first and so put an ond to the sovereignty which thei bad created but a short time before s that the sovereignty ofall tie states which had declared themselves sovereign botore the declaration ol independence in july 1776 is as certainly annulled as the exia lence of ibe sovereignty ofthe si.-nes who bud not then declared it is prevented bt the mere assertion of thia simple lhel of nur existence as one nation if that fi t was true a matter fo imp rl mt iu its consequences ought not uu i would not be conceded to the mere say s of an man although that man might be lbe pr.-st lent therefore it became wdisjtensibly necessa ry lliul be siioiild prove it hence lh alt pt to d so let u.e now examine what these proofs ure having inferred tlio existence of one greai community composed ofall the iv phi uf the different revolting col , while yet in llioir colonial state the n exl step necessary io be taken in tlieurgtiine.it designed >-â€¢ prove their subsequent , us tehee ns one nation was to superinduce a government u i his groat community ; for n nation without u government would indeed be a noii-descrip't us horrible in the political as aii of tbe fabled monsters ol the natural world â€” here as belore il iild not do lo ullirm the establishment of u.ii sneh government at the time referred to that is to ay in pur colonial slate as u positive fact fur this would be in di re t contradiction of the other affirmation , i our dependence oh another power j tit of such u fuel too there does not exist am scintilla of proof iu any ofour histories or slate papers there-lore the existence of such a government like that ofthe enm inanity was to be inferred now from what is this second inference to be made 'â€¢ league were formed for common de fence says the president ; and as lea gues can only be formed by cojmwuuities acknowledging some government author ised to speak und so to connect for them ifthe fuel be conceded that leagues were formed by this great comiiiuuil v it eatab lishes beyond doubt not onlv tbe actual ex isten ,- of buch a obuumlnity but of its a ivernmenl too but mnk the caution displayed iu tins ass r tion also the presi dent does not say in terms i.t least that these cdagues were so firmed but m du i-li at ids to state by whom or with whom they were formed â€” the cause ot ihis obscurity is not difficult to be explain ed ifn hud been assorted us an histori . il f.e.i that in their colonial state the col nisi being conn icted together as one ,- m-tiiiiiily hud in iiai eh meter enter ed into au league whatever this i'u-t , 11 i t hai heen proved simply he cause it neither is ., r could i fine but if u had been said that these letgues w.-re l'-rme.l by lbe bff'ren col iiisiniii each oilier us separate ind independent i eninraanities ni asserting tins well known historical truth easily t be proved lo , reference t tha leagues i iv u selves t5e piesideni would have dissalsm completely bis imaginary great community umi win it the govern pent t regulate the affairs f this supposed naiion nay he then would have established beyond d'.ui.t the separate and independent existence f tl.e c-iloines as acknowledged bv ihemselves in sue i l-ea_.'i.Â«.s to avoid this il-iuuin tt btll'l " ' ' : l i lii-llii'l , i i - i-l uw^ly s*inj.re t g tl|b ct iu h'auos aad â€¢Â» z the true nuture and intended , 1 â– ' ," f the declaration can never be un.l.i t . 1 i vou i a consideration of lhe manner iu which it was executed merely wheth er it was produced by lhe agency i one only,or by the joint agency of u.iny or by the scvural agencies ofdifftrmd persons cooperating to lhe same end is of litlle cnseipience its nbjeet and intended ef fects must be inferred limn iis language although if that is ambiguous those y very properly be sought for ill ex il.e os eii'ciiiii-laiices of any ki'.d whether t!,,-so t remittances nre lound in the menu f tl execution of lhe instrument or in ms thing else bet ua then turn to thn net it - il und judge from in contents i iis end and object bef re we attempt lo discover lh *â€¢â€¢ last in any other v/i.y wh n so examined the declaration of independence seems to bc u 111.11111 1 nd dicssed to lhe world ihat is to sal . i the i_ivi.___.--a world designed to inform it of the pre-existei.ee ofa new event inlet st in to humanity mid of causes and cn mu tallies 11 hell had ia.-ca.-i ned the - â€¢ ir rem b i this new fnet take the manifes to that general boquinpoiiies or itntnedi nteli follows every ticdeni declaration â€ž{ war which iu announcing the new te li tmus of the belligerents an i mu ruling imw these b.iie been produced it so cun.nina an implied appeal t other slates and to liosle.ily f.r tl.e justification of those by whom ibis n-w state ol things ha 1 en made necessary considered in tl â€¢â€¢ lig it it asserts nothing but whal had previously xisted although but recently ; ami na object is confined to the justlflcalii.il j that pre-existing state of things b-lucli it so aim ninces if tins was its purp --. it eannot i e insider 1 1 rrestiog am new in ,,,, hi . j â€¢ r laming uu n-w x n . 3 ui b*.-ivivi'.f hpjf i,';w uagy but as tl.e object was t prove the existence of a nati-.n tin first step of the process must necessarily he to urove the pre exis i.-iic ol u c-iiiin null government being superinduced upon tins ddtnmunitv n would tin ii become a nation so fir at leas as all the members <>!" that community were concerned the irs point to be pn.ied then was the existence l a c in 11111:11.y composed of all ho people wh ii.-re afterwards ... i.e line lhe siihj-rts ,,| the nation â€” now how is this e-lubh-hed ' -â€¢ iu ur colonial state says lhe presi dent although dependant mi another pow er we very curly considered our ives as connected by common interest with ach other a more flimsy pretext from which to inf.-r il.e existeiire fa simile c uitnu i li . ' um ti i i asili linn i - â– selected ui u in r in â€¢ i.e ii i it i ' lin up uus fitiieiit eouid titi ivelijine ucuudo i j 'â€¢Â» jtmi-.ti uj bsucied ojuia of such brood _. m v p

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fiw d w $) / &' 9 zi&%i yys&_w/&9_4f sfc/as # â– mmmmm m m^*^^^^*****^**r*mmmmmmm^m^*mmmmmmmmmmmmsmm*Â»*mt*nmm*tm ri,..wis.i.â€žn';,ri.",,s t.^.^'spjemwi'b.i tr!ift r ri 1 ,'!,! ____]&Â£ ""'"*â€¢' hav '^ e 'Â» wmce fiÂ»Â«1Â«*ftÂ»y ***** ind no fe,poÂ»sa in the heart ol the citizen and vbich wii be evaded with little remorse s â€ž^ ma /),-. chancing b rto.n craige sahsiuhv rowan county \. i monday m\y Â». 1 -.â€¢â– â€¢â– . vol mil su 1.4 f.'tfs and general signification that it is diffi cult to ti thoir pre is meaqing if seeing the accessary tendency and ef foci ct'tlie doetrina designed to be put forth on r in passage any one denies na truth such mny iniiiieilia ly be out bv the ns sertioh that it is not stute i as doctrine i ut m liist ,,, i del merely il'n be do nii-'l ts i ii 1 net it may ;â€žâ€¢ immedibtely said that il is not asaertod isusiibslao live tact l.m only n.s one inferred iv others previou-il dated ifthe correct in-ss nf tins inference is questioned then th h ester v fxkfililxn.x is published ouct n ir eie at tup hollars ;â– < r e â€ž â– â€ž i fhiiil irith n three month nr tiro 11 nl fifty rn is if pa nl nl any lh pit 1 within the yi ar v paper ,. â€¢// l iiuiti mud until all arrearage art mi unless nt the editor discretion 1 tuhsofiption xeilt bt received jor a less ten than our year 1 1 th re to noli < iln editor ofa teisti to ti irontinue onr m nth before tin eipira if a year irill be considered a j " fit ir , in'ti^einrnt t,s i mark no social connocion of am sort i firmer t have actually t listed it i.s merely said that wo verv earlv con sidered ourselves as connected and i.t what was tins iniaemarv eoin.ceti on nuted ; worn we inhabitants ofs com n 11 territory the vacant and unoccupied parts of which wore admitted to alii \... i>,,l e pi,s.....>s ||â€ž. ham religious faith ' no did there exist nnv cue institution which having been created or preserved in all was therefore common to all v b what lie then did tins people consider themselves to be con ted in th.-ir nolo nml state ' win i t e ne ofa supposed comm , interest \ before presi dent jiieksoii.ev.-r bought of inferring the existence of a community irom such a fact which if he believed to he sufficient to produce hai eflbct would consolidate probably one half the people i the whole world into one community and by so do ing would dissolve more than the half of all the societies n,,w existing whose mem bors do not even consider themselves as connected by any such tie n.il perhaps it w;ll he snid that i d the prosidonl wrong in supposing that he a il " thr people when he says â€¢' wo that in this personal pronoun lie did not mean t 1 t nil the colonists in their individual hu in the social characters which they bad long bad and which was denoted by the term colonies if so tins sentence becomes the simple annunciation ofa w.-ll known historical fact proved bv numerous documents in cur archives that even iu their colonial state the several colonies considered themselves asconnec ted with each olher by a common interest but as nil these doettiiients while estab lishing this fact establish also that tin belief of a common interest was neither designed or ever supposed to amalgamnti the different colonies bl whom it was en tcrtaitied into a single c.-iiiiiiunitv but merely to invite to their t*o operation eon federncy and union as iliitinct independent communities it is not ensv in discern how from such a fact the existence ,,| a single community could be inferred therefor and as the usu made of ihe assertion was afterwards manliest 1 was bound lu con si ler its iii suing to be such as i have sin ted especially as 1 found this word we iu an ad li-s of he president to liis " fel iom oitizens the people s much for the first proposition of thi ir,-inii",i which if considered iubnelighi a i a iiii'i directly in contradiction i it conclusion and if considered in south er asserts i..i only an unknown lint but one unimportant fii ,-. nil h known i which l ih.-se lights i was designed lobe seen lol he rules ofthe english lauguage a el lh ctlticlusiun of lhe argiiuie.it itself deter due mitll wh,,t l||e*>0 li-agues w 0 l.li.lle yel ns t w re cert ly made for cam m 11 , fence alj ihnen who mo he lis posted lo believe that " we"in the find sentence de-voted il colonists as in.li 1 11 is and 11.1t il colonies as commu'ni lie . will of curae ronoldde that these l ., â– -.,â– * were made by tlm same " we 1 ' with some community foreign io them wives â€” while li,,hit win understand " we in n different sense will a'rue al a couclllsiol diametrically opposetl lo tins â€” sn much for ihe second member ofthis nr i nt which like lbe lirsi is either true nr false a.-ei.rdii g t lhe meaning intend | i to be annexed by its author to tbe word " we nn.l â€¢- our ver lir in established '" rcjgiilale fin proceedings nf this congress w:is liiiii 111 determining questions each ''â– !â– , \ r fr vinee shi.nl i line m vole withoul any rsference tn ilie imn.tier of it dole gates present r of its ubportaoce iu any sense .. hatever upon such evidence i think myself justified iii saj in ihat lliii at hi.im atth sequent period il tn.iv | liblj l lound umi tl delegates united ma e.-nei;.l con gress in some rf their ordinal proceed ings and for brevity's sake may fierhaps have spoken of themselves ag thc dele?al8n of ihe united colonies yel in nil their solemn acts tl.e ars diflerepllj described rinisiiitlii mn import in i er which penally when these declarations â– â€ž. ut ter,-1 in fhe net itself mil i course ut i!k tinip ... perfo it tig it ll these plain propositions which every tin hns hitherto acknowledged t h true are still admitted to be correct it will ihi found difficult cer.ainl , nav impos sil.le pl..hiilily , ... ..-.- neile lie in with lfl i-seriio.ikof id president jvhen tbe il-.-i intended t be produced b ilte*e baser tmns is remembered the b|e i in view in making these assertione>is to prove i are b thnt by virtue of the declaration of independence wo acknowledged oiir.*c!vÂ»a to be one nation il.-i he presi lent says that decisive and important .-.. p was tiiuen jointly now it in this bo in ins to sb , merely , thai llu declaration it lhe in rk of many prisms co nperat i.il to produce it no matter iu what clii.r i.et i tlli'l iieled he na . i -. ,, del m ll'l important to l.is purp â– < i so i m i io : x iy une that il r ul . tua nh , i iu ilicmtis in utter it with auch apparent iirav ily if indeed it tvas_i_ocoe*ar to stale it in all hut if he moans to be understood ns asserting i bul tins declaration xx the joint act ofthe rcpresetitnlii s of nnv in gle body previously kn un as a t inn wealtu or nation besides tlm inst i icnl r ror coin i.iited he sl il what must in uit intelligible to all except t those who can comprehend how am single body can 1 any joint act i should have been disposed to consider this sentence as a men uc curacy cause i by lhe precipitate hnsl in whicli this state paper waa pruhnhlv pit pared nnd therefore lo have passed ii by unnoticed out that it is in exn,*t l_e ping wilh all the previous purls of this argu ment and moreover i in pt'.bstnncerepea led more impressively in the next sentence wherein it is said that we declared ur *, ives ii nnt ten by t joint not by sen rid nets ' w if we were a nation lieli.re il.e declaration of independence wns ut tered us it mis the purpose ol nil the pres vious pnrlsol this ni on to prove it would have been impossible for us as i na tion t pint liiini tins fuel by nnv j-iint net ni.d if i fore thai event . cein red w wars not n mution bul separate oominunit es Â» indiiidual_t.it suefns ditfi'eult to conceive how we whether the coldt.iesor cl i istsj could han dee.lan .! ourselves as u nation in mil other than sevt ral nets i he reason ofall ihis mvslilie t'.nti ind apparent ah-unlity till be obvious whop we ome to consider the de durations actually ini.de in the ivrlm...iiÂ»i i.f l.t.lep iitl-'id itself we ajlc_.ll then find that lh â€¢ in tiruinent instead of pp'claiii ing lie ol ouies to be one nati.-n declared lien to be free and independ nl states in i . nis hence us il waa impossible to infer tb ex i-ieiu-e .,;' one notion from su.h term in which this idea is so plan it and positive ly negatived resort was hail to the n-mi ner in which this declaration tins made nud we are told " that decisive and in pflr tunt-tcp was ti'keii jointly * and i at â– we declared ourselves a ati ii ly hjfin not by several acts â€” as ifthe plain . , - ol.vls ou.s ineaiiiiig of the net its if cmild is cl.dll gcd by any auch extrinsic circumstances i have now done with lhi purl i i'm argument of the pitsidenf the design of wbicb is to show unit these stat s never wore sovereign in shewing lhal they con stituted but parts of another sov-r ignly called be un ion i will notv proceed to give mv account of tli â– declaration of in dependence ; and therein to alate my ide as of its effects upon the several colonies wholly their representatives x^ete parties to thnt itiatrutne.it a discussion us to t lie tr-.c i ,,/ person won inn i tol stent suh mctib r h thr carulinian shall hatt ,. jnenth jm jut gratis â€” advertising 1 tbe u8u 1 1 lilies 1 /, tiers tmarested tn the fill tor mist br /'".' jui'i.t arthetf t ill not be attended to these terms v ii bo strictly adder l to meaning ii words employed to mat tin facts from which the inference n nii.ile : in,l hns discussion if it convicts ths author of error will also furnish bun an excuse i.t saying that he is i schol ar i'-.i skilled tn â€¢â€¢ nictuphysical subtlety iiiid then i ie mav li.ive iim',1 terms innp proprinie t . convey accurately ins own meaning which however is precise yours hct if iheaignificatinn of the words employed in this apparent nn.l simple nar rative is once admitted lo lie lha in Â« inch tbey art obviously used and if ilie i.i.i themselves so taken ar cnncctled.then no logical mm i can escape froth the couclll ston derived from such liicts id the pur p re pf this argument which i tn disprove the origiti.il sovereign rights ofthe stales is lolly attainted having ml rreil the existence of a sup posed community and also inferred n governmen lori in ths motje 1 have sin led ilie next tiling needful wus to bestow a nsmn upon tins itifbiil nation bul ns ll would have l-eell dlllieull to n i'i ii na winch could not hnve lmd anv pre viniis existence the presidenl was coin palled lo stale tlii-i name positively â€” therefore hu next says that â€¢' before the declaration of independence wo were known in ir aggregate character as tho i nited t'.,|.,.u,'s â€¢( america tho at tempt to infer any fact from any name thpj c ul i utter ilie iiii.iijshioii in ti.-tt washington as coipinahdnr in chief granted mi th 7th june 1775 tln-v stale themselves tbe delegati i die united colonies f new hampshire v nam in v eaoh ns before mid by timt ntu-,e nml in unit ch'arselor grant to inm nil the rights and authorities which he then bc quired tliemlorft the president aeema to inn i us link ground i'nr bestowing ll.it i low name f ii e i ni.,.,1 colonies of viner ca upon nil iln revi-ltiil polonies t col mists uf thai ley ffehe inn to bestow u..,,u he_ci.loin-.ls mi i such n^ei tfiiti cliniue political , ii.j'l tub nos polk u.illtld pui>1;)kn 1".s proclamation au 3 the people of tiiti several revolted col - f great bniuii , having become free sovereign and independent states in the b nil-r staled in rty last nrtinfber inn-t i inii continue o be such sovereigns i il.'ss ihey have done or buffered t iiii this iheir sovereignty was assumed whereby u - rights and powers i icen in hilled ilav.i hey done or bii i r sucli a"t ' t.ns is the quos i 1 .. ;.',, in my i-i iiiiuiher i proposed ( in iiithis itul a re-perusal ofthe i nation of the resident since this ji i was tiiiide having shcwn me v i tia-l not before observed that n . .... n_*e tout cela awl the new coll .- g if politicians httving younger and i.f ji-'irse wiser heads h.iie of into discuy-sr s ' ial nil this wus a mistake the fashionable doetrtnes oftho ptes < . , seams to be i hat these state ne c r ipere lorrreiifn ; that there was from tie i iiining some great central saver sign power ahnlnigs imewbere else than in . original plan which w.ll be freely admit tliut the excuse of the it he prosecuted iu my next numb r inrician ma be fiiuntl in the necessity ths a virginian politician has to employ it there were two no 1 differing parties interested iu the matter the declaration trf independence uttered he was desirous t please boll l.eâ€žlâ€ž,e iu n7 , i)w a s considered al ll.nl dâ€ži us from ih begi-imng ol his argument he â€ž. t . ,â€žâ€ž,, important act which bad ever " . i i 1 terms s general that either occurred in tl cpuniry und subsequeni nigh apply ihem to the.r own side ; but ,,,..â€ž hlu ,.,,, ttt ., lk â€ž, lt . j t|ic nntiiju il wh ,. he came o g.ve a name to lus nn u;m ben mtended lo inctdcale we still lion he lound at so c early indieuting ,. 0 ,â€ž, ,â€ž commemorate it ani.ui.llv on ., it ,. it us nol one consolidated muss but , ue ,, av of its date when all the citize.i of nauy distinct inassos united merely t these now un.tpd stales join with oueac zz ''"^ r > '" w ";' k '" ,' " ! l , rce u â„¢'' 8 * crd it bumble adoration and tlumksgiv hence he tells us that although ive wore jngtothat divine providpmse.undecwbosc united by name ye ,., character we were prot eciion the creat trffihs it announces aggregated that is to say qoiiaolidojed w ,.,. u ai tl . rw a,ds maiutaiiuxl and cstab i what source be piesideni muv fished but if the eflbct df this doclara have derived his iuformb.ion ns to aggie lion wns to consolidate nil the then colo gale character except rom its name 1 nics by whose representatives it was made luioiv not hut if bis information as to us one nation and to atiutlgatiiair tbeir in ur character is as inaccurate us his rep lu.b.iuuts into one people the fourth t en mi ii ol in mime but little reliance dai of july instead of being celebrated a should be paid to it i havo before mo a a jubiloe wnuld probably be pent much copy ofthe journal of the first congress more appropriately in weeping and wailing which met ai the carpenters hall iu wus such the true nature and intended ef the city of philadelphia pn monday the feet nf this declaration this is the quos 5th day of september 177t in ibis first tiui 1 propose now to examine and nuist iiullu hit d'-cuiuent which am in spooking of this declaration the one can consult to discover either tbeir president says in his proclui.ia.inn thnt name or character at that day both the decisive end important step was taken joint one ad the other is thus described we | v . vve declared ourselves a nation bi tin delegates of the several colonies of ajjninl not by several acta ll ia obvious new hampshire tic c naming each fiom this passage that its author designed deput 1 to represent them in a co-itiiienul t establish the existence t ,. nation bo congress under ibis name and in this loss by lbe uiauncr in whicli ihe declara i ii - â€¢!â€¢ r wus their first great act nf as lion w-ts tiuile lhan bv tl.o actual aster s.jeii.t ti entered into for non iii,,â€ž,itu tion of this instrument itsulf for n.i sat tiiui non consumption and noii-exputu isfied with staling that this step was luken tmn and recommended ' to the provincial jointly he adds that by such a joint act conventions and to the committees in the w e declared ourselves a nuiion i will respective colonics to bfc carried into ef examine into tlm truth of tech of these feet by them under the name and char assertions before i give uiy own views of iieii-r of " the delegates appointed l.y the the subject several english clonics of new hump a joint apt ex ri termini implies the shire izr naming each lo t sider of co-operation uf several agents by whose tlieir grievances in general congress united and joined agencies it has been was tlieir next great act ibe address t produced hence it would be a veri the people of great britain uttered un great solecism to speak of am ict done b der the nume and chiiracter of â€¢' we ibe one agent only as a ioiut act nnd there delegates of the colonies of new hump fl.re no corporate ci is ever properly dl sbire kc iiiimitig cneh deputed by the scribed as the joint act of u corporation inhabitants of the said colonies to rep even when such a body is composed of resent them in a general congress to ninnv members ; f.r although lhe iti.-.t cortsull together die wns tl.e address lo bers'iuay be many the corporation is but the inhabitants of the province of quebec e and tbe act if u cojporate act must put forth under the name und character be performed bv that one body only it of " we your majesty's faithful subjects is not evwy act effected bv be cn opera f.he colonies of new hampshire v tion nf several ugents however tint is naming each in behalf of ourselves and properly termed a joint act â€” because al ofthe inhabitants of these colonies who though considered in reference to the num have deputed s lo represent them iu gen b r ol its bullion every single net acc.ui oral congress was the address lo the p|,s|,ed bv the cooperation of several king ad pte i win h wns the lasl act of agaqts must ho tbeir joint uct yel ooo ibal rulighteuedaad patriotic body tl.e sl dcred iii reference to its intended eflfaets insl < ougress in short there raouot be as tliesa mav be many and attach to all i ond a siagln act of th fi'st congress in to acn or to some onlv of its ajfents the which thai body denominated itself as act jj regarded ss either joint or esaral " tbe uniled colonies f america or i-.o-ordiug lo the nature f ih.-s l mded iu which its membera denominated them eifects hut as the intent ofthe act can li u delegates of or to any body of , t possibly 1st inferred fr.-tu the number ib.it n-iiie s f d r from it all lies ac.s ofagentl co-operating ... us accomplish a!:,w ipon fbeir very face ihat they wore ! ment while it is admitted that several as the arts of individuals retires tiling rt well as joint effects may-tad do result even ipectiyely not one but several constituent from a joint net the nature of such an act t be and these individuals as tbo rep | c an only be ascertained fro at the intention resencatiaea f web constituent bodies uf i agents this intenlion iâ€žâ€ž*t al re-pa-lively were u-d t is a-.se hle,l in wai a lai *.,.| k i r and iwrnllv is la-st a g aeral l.'-.i.grc i , inr-i.er proof of o.and-sle.l â– , ||,. '.,-'â– ,.â€ž,.,â€ž'.' â– ,.,. juc4 a mj uht t stwu ked ti uio.bgtuacnio'.jj-sd tj pcuÂ»rt*j ita est t the ingenuity of an argument thus con slructed undoubtedly lias merit but it is n it such merit as ingenuous candor can ever claim lt imposes upon ell who may deny its conclusion the laborious ask of unravelling a long tissue of supposed er rors and when they have done so it ex poses them t.i the sneer of having labored to disprove what it will lhen be suid was never affirmed on the oilier ha.nl.iftliev pass hv such tilings unnoticed they imme dintelv full into the snare laid for them from which limy cannot then easilv exlri ente themselves l-'cr one 1 greatly pre fer to undertake the labor and lo subject mysrlfto the sheer tli in tn incur lhe other hazards thurelore i will bung the whole i tins narrative and argumentative passage n the l-sl ofa strict aiin lysis lis importance justifies its mt requires this the object of this argument confess id in iis conclusion is to prove ihat ihr i'm pie of sonic of these now united tst.ites while in their colonial state declared themselves to be a nation in the ll lur utioii ,,!' independence made in 17tu ,,,, d.r which they became one people the necessary und inevitable result i this would be that the people having once re solved themselves in one nation could not the rea iter c real â– themselves intusepar ui an i independent sovereignties other wise thii hi tnrcc or by common con sent but ns no one has presumed as yet at le.isi i establish or attempt t , establish sovereignly here by force and as there evists ii-.t tin slightest memorial of any common consent on the part uf this sup insed nation to its own disme iib-rui it therefore the s ivereignty ofthe si ilea nc ver could have existed tha author f tins proclamation does not seem to have been uw.ire ofthe fact which i stated in mv last nitml-r that before the declara tion of independence in julv 1tt8 the people of virginia cortuinlv and ol cer lain of tho other colonies i believe in.l severally mx independence in totally dis solving tbeir former government and or darning new governments for themselves respectively hut if such a fact had been known to him it would not have changed the intended eqoct of hia conclusions be cruise as this new nation ia said tn have be.-iicreated by lhe people a part of which people lhe creators of state sovereign were their last act would of course have abrogated and annulled their first and so put an ond to the sovereignty which thei bad created but a short time before s that the sovereignty ofall tie states which had declared themselves sovereign botore the declaration ol independence in july 1776 is as certainly annulled as the exia lence of ibe sovereignty ofthe si.-nes who bud not then declared it is prevented bt the mere assertion of thia simple lhel of nur existence as one nation if that fi t was true a matter fo imp rl mt iu its consequences ought not uu i would not be conceded to the mere say s of an man although that man might be lbe pr.-st lent therefore it became wdisjtensibly necessa ry lliul be siioiild prove it hence lh alt pt to d so let u.e now examine what these proofs ure having inferred tlio existence of one greai community composed ofall the iv phi uf the different revolting col , while yet in llioir colonial state the n exl step necessary io be taken in tlieurgtiine.it designed >-â€¢ prove their subsequent , us tehee ns one nation was to superinduce a government u i his groat community ; for n nation without u government would indeed be a noii-descrip't us horrible in the political as aii of tbe fabled monsters ol the natural world â€” here as belore il iild not do lo ullirm the establishment of u.ii sneh government at the time referred to that is to ay in pur colonial slate as u positive fact fur this would be in di re t contradiction of the other affirmation , i our dependence oh another power j tit of such u fuel too there does not exist am scintilla of proof iu any ofour histories or slate papers there-lore the existence of such a government like that ofthe enm inanity was to be inferred now from what is this second inference to be made 'â€¢ league were formed for common de fence says the president ; and as lea gues can only be formed by cojmwuuities acknowledging some government author ised to speak und so to connect for them ifthe fuel be conceded that leagues were formed by this great comiiiuuil v it eatab lishes beyond doubt not onlv tbe actual ex isten ,- of buch a obuumlnity but of its a ivernmenl too but mnk the caution displayed iu tins ass r tion also the presi dent does not say in terms i.t least that these cdagues were so firmed but m du i-li at ids to state by whom or with whom they were formed â€” the cause ot ihis obscurity is not difficult to be explain ed ifn hud been assorted us an histori . il f.e.i that in their colonial state the col nisi being conn icted together as one ,- m-tiiiiiily hud in iiai eh meter enter ed into au league whatever this i'u-t , 11 i t hai heen proved simply he cause it neither is ., r could i fine but if u had been said that these letgues w.-re l'-rme.l by lbe bff'ren col iiisiniii each oilier us separate ind independent i eninraanities ni asserting tins well known historical truth easily t be proved lo , reference t tha leagues i iv u selves t5e piesideni would have dissalsm completely bis imaginary great community umi win it the govern pent t regulate the affairs f this supposed naiion nay he then would have established beyond d'.ui.t the separate and independent existence f tl.e c-iloines as acknowledged bv ihemselves in sue i l-ea_.'i.Â«.s to avoid this il-iuuin tt btll'l " ' ' : l i lii-llii'l , i i - i-l uw^ly s*inj.re t g tl|b ct iu h'auos aad â€¢Â» z the true nuture and intended , 1 â– ' ," f the declaration can never be un.l.i t . 1 i vou i a consideration of lhe manner iu which it was executed merely wheth er it was produced by lhe agency i one only,or by the joint agency of u.iny or by the scvural agencies ofdifftrmd persons cooperating to lhe same end is of litlle cnseipience its nbjeet and intended ef fects must be inferred limn iis language although if that is ambiguous those y very properly be sought for ill ex il.e os eii'ciiiii-laiices of any ki'.d whether t!,,-so t remittances nre lound in the menu f tl execution of lhe instrument or in ms thing else bet ua then turn to thn net it - il und judge from in contents i iis end and object bef re we attempt lo discover lh *â€¢â€¢ last in any other v/i.y wh n so examined the declaration of independence seems to bc u 111.11111 1 nd dicssed to lhe world ihat is to sal . i the i_ivi.___.--a world designed to inform it of the pre-existei.ee ofa new event inlet st in to humanity mid of causes and cn mu tallies 11 hell had ia.-ca.-i ned the - â€¢ ir rem b i this new fnet take the manifes to that general boquinpoiiies or itntnedi nteli follows every ticdeni declaration â€ž{ war which iu announcing the new te li tmus of the belligerents an i mu ruling imw these b.iie been produced it so cun.nina an implied appeal t other slates and to liosle.ily f.r tl.e justification of those by whom ibis n-w state ol things ha 1 en made necessary considered in tl â€¢â€¢ lig it it asserts nothing but whal had previously xisted although but recently ; ami na object is confined to the justlflcalii.il j that pre-existing state of things b-lucli it so aim ninces if tins was its purp --. it eannot i e insider 1 1 rrestiog am new in ,,,, hi . j â€¢ r laming uu n-w x n . 3 ui b*.-ivivi'.f hpjf i,';w uagy but as tl.e object was t prove the existence of a nati-.n tin first step of the process must necessarily he to urove the pre exis i.-iic ol u c-iiiin null government being superinduced upon tins ddtnmunitv n would tin ii become a nation so fir at leas as all the members <>!" that community were concerned the irs point to be pn.ied then was the existence l a c in 11111:11.y composed of all ho people wh ii.-re afterwards ... i.e line lhe siihj-rts ,,| the nation â€” now how is this e-lubh-hed ' -â€¢ iu ur colonial state says lhe presi dent although dependant mi another pow er we very curly considered our ives as connected by common interest with ach other a more flimsy pretext from which to inf.-r il.e existeiire fa simile c uitnu i li . ' um ti i i asili linn i - â– selected ui u in r in â€¢ i.e ii i it i ' lin up uus fitiieiit eouid titi ivelijine ucuudo i j 'â€¢Â» jtmi-.ti uj bsucied ojuia of such brood _. m v p