Taxabwe income

Taxabwe income refers to de base upon which an income tax system imposes tax.[1] Generawwy, it incwudes some or aww items of income and is reduced by expenses and oder deductions.[2] The amounts incwuded as income, expenses, and oder deductions vary by country or system. Many systems provide dat some types of income are not taxabwe (sometimes cawwed non-assessabwe income) and some expenditures not deductibwe in computing taxabwe income.[3] Some systems base tax on taxabwe income of de current period, and some on prior periods. Taxabwe income may refer to de income of any taxpayer, incwuding individuaws and corporations, as weww as entities dat demsewves do not pay tax, such as partnerships, in which case it may be cawwed “net profit”.

Most systems reqwire dat aww income reawized (or derived) be incwuded in taxabwe income. Some systems provide tax exemption for some types of income.[4] Many systems impose tax at different rates for differing types (e.g., capitaw gains or sawaries) or wevews of income (e.g., graduated rates). In de United States, gross income incwudes aww income reawized from whatever source, but excwudes particuwar tax exempt items, such as municipaw bond interest. In 2010, de United Kingdom and de United States bof provided reduced rates of tax for capitaw gains and dividends.

Most systems and jurisdictions awwow businesses to reduce taxabwe income by cost of goods or oder property sowd, as weww as deductions for business expenses.[5] Many systems wimit some sorts of business deductions. For exampwe, deductions for automobiwe expenses are wimited in de United Kingdom and United States.

Some systems awwow tax deductions for certain nonbusiness expenses (sometimes cawwed personaw or domestic expenses).[6] Such outways may incwude personaw expenses, such as a home mortgage interest deduction, and vary widewy by jurisdiction, uh-hah-hah-hah. In addition, many systems onwy wevy taxes on earnings above an income tax dreshowd, awwow deductions for personaw awwowances or a minimum deemed amount of personaw deductions. The United States federaw tax system awwows a deduction for personaw exemptions, as weww as a minimum standard deduction in wieu of oder personaw deductions. Some states in de United States awwow few personaw deductions.