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NHS Focus on Geography Series – Manitoba

Demographic characteristics of Aboriginal people

In 2011, 16.7% (195,895) of the population of Manitoba had an Aboriginal identity.Aboriginal Peoples Footnote 1 Of those, 58.3% (114,230) reported a First Nations identityAboriginal Peoples Footnote 2 only, 40.2% (78,835) reported a Métis identity only and 0.3% (580) reported an Inuit identity only. An additional 1,055, or 0.5%, reported other Aboriginal identities and 1,200, or 0.6%, reported more than one Aboriginal identity.

Table 1 – Population by Aboriginal identity, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents the population by Aboriginal identity. The column headings are: population; Manitoba and Canada. The columns Manitoba and Canada are divided into number, percentage of total population and percentage of Aboriginal identity population. The rows are: total population; Aboriginal identity population; First Nations single identity; First Nations single identity (Registered or Treaty Indian); First Nations single identity (not a Registered or Treaty Indian); Métis single identity; Inuit single identity; multiple Aboriginal identities; Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere; non-Aboriginal identity population.

Table 1 – Population by Aboriginal identity, Manitoba, Canada

Population

Manitoba

Canada

Number

% of total population

% of Aboriginal identity population

Number

% of total population

% of Aboriginal identity population

Total population in private households

1,174,345

100.0

...

32,852,325

100.0

...

Aboriginal identity population

195,895

16.7

100.0

1,400,685

4.3

100.0

First Nations single identity

114,230

9.7

58.3

851,560

2.6

60.8

First Nations single identity (Registered or Treaty Indian)

105,820

9.0

54.0

637,660

1.9

45.5

First Nations single identity (not a Registered or Treaty Indian)

8,410

0.7

4.3

213,900

0.7

15.3

Métis single identity

78,835

6.7

40.2

451,790

1.4

32.3

Inuit single identity

580

0.0

0.3

59,440

0.2

4.2

Multiple Aboriginal identities

1,200

0.1

0.6

11,415

0.0

0.8

Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere

1,055

0.1

0.5

26,475

0.1

1.9

Non-Aboriginal identity population

978,450

83.3

...

31,451,635

95.7

...

In Manitoba, the Aboriginal population is younger than the non-Aboriginal population. In 2011, the median age of the Aboriginal population was 24.4 years compared to 40.7 for the non-Aboriginal population. The median age is the age where exactly one-half of the population is older and the other half is younger.

The median age and age distribution of First Nations people, Métis and Inuit are shown in table 2.

Table 2 – Age distribution and median age by Aboriginal identity, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents the population by Aboriginal identity and distribution by various age groups, as well as the median age. The column headings are: population; Manitoba and Canada. The columns Manitoba and Canada are divided into percent distribution by age groups and median age (years). The column percent distribution by age groups is further divided into: total - age groups; 0 to 14 years; 15 to 24 years; 25 to 64 years and 65 years and over. The rows are: total population; Aboriginal identity population; First Nations single identity; First Nations single identity (Registered or Treaty Indian); First Nations single identity (not a Registered or Treaty Indian); Métis single identity; Inuit single identity; multiple Aboriginal identities; Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere; non-Aboriginal identity population.

Table 2 – Age distribution and median age by Aboriginal identity, Manitoba, Canada

Living arrangements of First Nations, Métis and Inuit children aged 14 and under are illustrated in table 3.

Table 3 – Percentage distribution of the population aged 14 and under by living arrangement for selected Aboriginal identity categories, Manitoba

Table summary

This table presents the percentage distribution of the population aged 14 and under by living arrangement for selected Aboriginal identity categories. The column headings are: living arrangements; percentage distribution of the population for: total Aboriginal identity population; First Nations single identity; Métis single identity; Inuit single identity; non-Aboriginal identity population. The rows are: total population aged 14 and under; children of both parents; stepchildren; children of lone parent; of male lone parent; of female lone parent; grandchildren in skip-generation family; foster children; children living with other relatives.

Table 3 – Percentage distribution of the population aged 14 and under by living arrangement for selected Aboriginal identity categories, Manitoba

Living arrangements

Total Aboriginal identity population

First Nations single identity

Métis single identity

Inuit single identity

Non-Aboriginal identity population

Percentage (%) distribution of the population

Table note(s):

Footnote 1

Includes children in a two-parent family where there may also be step siblings or half-siblings present. Also includes children in a two-parent family for whom it cannot be determined if they are stepchildren.

Language and Aboriginal peoples

In Manitoba, 43,040 Aboriginal people, or 22.0% of the population who had an Aboriginal identity, responded that they were able to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language. In 2011, the Aboriginal languages most frequently reported by Aboriginal people were: Cree languages (23,330), Ojibway (10,125) and Oji-Cree (7,700).

In 2011, 18.4% of the Aboriginal identity population reported an Aboriginal language as mother tongue, defined as the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood.

As well, 18.3% of Aboriginal people reported speaking an Aboriginal language at home: 10.3% spoke it most often while another 8.0% spoke it on a regular basis.

Linguistic characteristics of First Nations people, Métis and Inuit are shown in tables 4 to 6.

This table presents number and proportion of Aboriginal identity population, First Nations people, Métis and Inuit for selected Aboriginal language indicators. The column headings are: selected Aboriginal language indicators; total Aboriginal identity population; First Nations single identity; Métis single identity; Inuit single identity. The last four columns are divided into number and percentage of population. The rows are: ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language; Aboriginal language as mother tongue; Aboriginal language spoken at least regularly at home; Aboriginal language spoken most often at home; Aboriginal language spoken regularly at home.

This category excludes individuals who reported speaking one Aboriginal language most often at home and speaking another Aboriginal language regularly at home. These individuals are included only in the category 'Aboriginal language spoken most often at home.'

In Manitoba, 91.6% of the Aboriginal identity population reported that they were able to conduct a conversation only in English or only in French. Additionally, 8.1% of Aboriginal people reported that they were able to conduct a conversation in both of Canada's official languages. The other 0.3%, or 585, reported that they were not able to conduct a conversation in either of these two languages.

Table 5 – Percentage distribution of the population by knowledge of official languages for selected Aboriginal identity categories, Manitoba

Table summary

This table presents the percentage distribution of the population by knowledge of official languages for selected Aboriginal identity categories. The column headings are: knowledge of official languages; percentage distribution of the population for: total Aboriginal identity population; First Nations single identity; Métis single identity; Inuit single identity; non-Aboriginal identity population. The rows are: total population; English only; French only; English and French; neither English nor French.

Table 5 – Percentage distribution of the population by knowledge of official languages for selected Aboriginal identity categories, Manitoba

Knowledge of official languages

Total Aboriginal identity population

First Nations single identity

Métis single identity

Inuit single identity

Non-Aboriginal identity population

Percentage (%) distribution of the population

Total population in private households

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

English only

91.4

98.1

81.8

87.9

89.9

French only

0.2

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.1

English and French

8.1

1.4

17.9

11.2

8.7

Neither English nor French

0.3

0.5

0.0

0.0

1.3

In Manitoba, among the 43,040 Aboriginal people who reported being able to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language, 79.7% reported that same language as their mother tongue. The other 20.3% reported a different language, such as English or French, as mother tongue, which suggests these individuals have acquired an Aboriginal language as a second language.

On the other hand, among the 36,130 Aboriginal people who reported an Aboriginal language as mother tongue, 5.1% could no longer conduct a conversation in this language, despite the fact that they still understand it.

Table 6 – Population who reported an ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language that is not their mother tongue and population who reported an Aboriginal mother tongue but who could not conduct a conversation in that language, for selected Aboriginal identity categories, Manitoba

Table summary

This table presents the population who reported an ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language that is not their mother tongue and the population who reported an Aboriginal mother tongue but who could not conduct a conversation in that language, for selected Aboriginal identity categories. The column headings are: selected Aboriginal identity categories; persons reporting an ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language that is not their mother tongue; persons reporting an Aboriginal mother tongue but who could not conduct a conversation in that language. The last two columns are divided into number and percentage of population. The rows are: total Aboriginal identity population; First Nations single identity; Métis single identity; Inuit single identity; non-Aboriginal identity population.

Table 6 – Population who reported an ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language that is not their mother tongue and population who reported an Aboriginal mother tongue but who could not conduct a conversation in that language, for selected Aboriginal identity categories, Manitoba

Selected Aboriginal identity categories

Persons reporting an ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language that is not their mother tongue

Persons reporting an Aboriginal mother tongue but who could not conduct a conversation in that language

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Aboriginal identity: The term 'Aboriginal identity' refers to whether the person reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or being a Registered or Treaty Indian, (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or being a member of a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Family: The term 'family' in this document refers to the census definition of 'census family,' but for simplicity, the term 'family' is used throughout this report. A census family is composed of a married or common-law couple, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling. Couples can be of the opposite sex or of the same sex.

Stepchild: A stepchild is a child in a couple family who is the biological or adopted child of only one married spouse or common-law partner in the couple, and whose birth or adoption preceded the current relationship.

Foster children: The population in private households who have been reported as foster children on the NHS questionnaire. Foster children are considered as 'other relatives' outside of a census family.

Immigrant population

According to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), 184,500 (15.7%) of the population of Manitoba were foreign-born (immigrants), 981,205 (83.6%) were Canadian-born (non-immigrants) and 8,640 (0.7%) were non-permanent residents.Ethnocultural Footnote 1 In comparison, the proportion of the population of Canada who were immigrants was 20.6%, 78.3% were non-immigrants, and 1.1% were non-permanent residents.

Figure 1 Percentage of Canadian born (non-immigrants), foreign born (immigrants) and non permanent residents in Manitoba

Figure description

This vertical bar graph shows the percentage of Canadian born (non-immigrants), foreign born (immigrants) and non-permanent residents. The y-axis is the percentage of population and the x-axis, from left to right, shows Canadian born (non-immigrants), foreign born (immigrants) and non-permanent residents.

Of the immigrants living in Manitoba in 2011, 57,655 came to Canada between 2006 and 2011. These recent immigrants made up 31.2% of the immigrants in the province.

The three most common countries of birth of immigrants living in Manitoba were: Philippines (accounting for 24.5% of the immigrant population in Manitoba), United Kingdom (7.2%) and India (6.6%). In comparison, the top three countries of birth of immigrants living in Canada were: India (accounting for 8.1% of the immigrant population in Canada), China (8.1%) and United Kingdom (7.9%).

Table – Immigrants by country of birth, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table shows the most common countries of birth of immigrants. The column headings are: immigrants by country of birth along with the selected geography showing both numbers and percentages. The rows are: total immigrants and the most common countries of birth of immigrants.

Table – Immigrants by country of birth, Manitoba and Canada

Immigrants by country of birth

Manitoba

Canada

Count

%

Rank

Count

%

Rank

Total immigrants

184,500

100.0

...

6,775,765

100.0

...

Philippines

45,240

24.5

1

454,335

6.7

4

United Kingdom

13,235

7.2

2

537,040

7.9

3

India

12,180

6.6

3

547,890

8.1

1

In 2011, among Manitoba's immigrant population, 56.5% spoke English and/or French most often at home. Meanwhile, the three most frequently reported non-official languages spoken most often at home by immigrants in Manitoba were Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino), German and Panjabi (Punjabi). This compared to the top three non-official languages in Canada, which were Cantonese, Panjabi (Punjabi) and Chinese, n.o.s..Ethnocultural Footnote 2

Table – Immigrants by non-official languages spoken most often at home, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents the most common non-official language spoken most often at home for immigrants. The column headings are: immigrants by non-official language spoken most often at home with the selected geography showing both numbers and percentages. The rows are: the most common non-official language spoken most often at home.

Table – Immigrants by non-official languages spoken most often at home, Manitoba

The median age of immigrants in Manitoba was 44.1 years in 2011, compared to 47.4 years for the immigrant population at the national level.

Visible minority population and ethnic origins

The 2011 NHS estimated that 153,630 individuals in Manitoba belonged to a visible minority group, accounting for 13.1% of its total population.Ethnocultural Footnote 1 In comparison, visible minorities comprised 19.1% of Canada's population.

The largest visible minority groups living in Manitoba were Filipino, South Asian and Black. In Canada, the three largest visible minority groups were South Asian, Chinese and Black.

The median age of the visible minority population in Manitoba was 31.2 years in 2011, compared to 33.4 years for the visible minority population at the national level.

Table – Population showing visible minority groups, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table shows the population by visible minority groups. The column headings are: population showing visible minority groups along with the selected geography showing both numbers and percentages. The rows are: total population; total visible minority population; South Asian; Chinese; Black; Filipino; Latin American; Arab; Southeast Asian; West Asian; Korean; Japanese; visible minority, n.i.e., multiple visible minorities and not a visible minority.

The most frequently reported ethnic origins in Manitoba, for people reporting either one or multiple ethnic origins, were English, German and Canadian. This compared to the top three in Canada, which were Canadian, English and French.

Table – Most frequently reported ethnic origins, Manitoba and Canada

Table summary

This table shows the most common ethnic origins. The column headings are: ethnic origin along with the selected geography showing both numbers and percentages. The rows are: the most common ethnic origins.

Table – Most frequently reported ethnic origins, Manitoba and Canada

Most frequently reported ethnic origins

Manitoba

Canada

Count

%

Rank

Count

%

Rank

English

255,535

21.8

1

6,509,500

19.8

2

German

218,490

18.6

2

3,203,330

9.8

6

Canadian

216,865

18.5

3

10,563,800

32.1

1

Religion

According to the 2011 NHS, 73.5% of the population in Manitoba reported a religious affiliation, while 26.5% said they had no religious affiliation.Ethnocultural Footnote 1 At the national level, 76.1% of the population reported a religious affiliation, while 23.9% had no religious affiliation.

The most frequently reported religious affiliation in Manitoba was Roman Catholic, reported by 294,495 (25.1%) of the population. Other frequently reported religions included: United Church (11.1%) and Christian, n.i.e. (7.8%). In comparison, the most frequently reported religions in Canada were: Roman Catholic (reported by 38.7% of the population of Canada), United Church (6.1%) and Anglican (5.0%).

Table – Most frequently reported religions, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table shows the most common religions. The column headings are: religion along with the selected geography showing both numbers and percentages. The rows are: the most common religions.

Table – Most frequently reported religions, Manitoba

Most frequently reported religions

Manitoba

Canada

Count

%

Rank

Count

%

Rank

Total population in private households

1,174,345

100.0

...

32,852,320

100.0

...

Total reporting a religious affiliation

863,240

73.5

...

25,001,715

76.1

...

Roman Catholic

294,495

25.1

1

12,728,880

38.7

1

United Church

130,220

11.1

2

2,007,610

6.1

2

Christian, n.i.e.

91,780

7.8

3

1,475,575

4.5

4

Total not reporting a religious affiliation

311,105

26.5

...

7,850,610

23.9

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

For details on the concepts, definitions, universes, variables and geographic terms used in the 2011 National Household Survey, please consult the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For detailed explanations on concepts and for information on data quality, please refer to the reference guides found on the NHS website.

These counts include both single non-official language responses and multiple language responses. A multiple language response is a combination of non-official language response with a response of English and/or French.

In 2011, 53.6% of the 781,450 adults aged 25 years and over in Manitoba had completed some form of postsecondary education, compared with 59.6% at the national level.

Of the population aged 25 years and over in Manitoba, 25.0% had a university certificate or degree. An additional 17.9% had a college diploma and 10.7% had a trades certificate.

The share of the adult population that had completed a high school diploma as their highest level of educational attainment was 24.9%, and 21.4% had completed neither high school nor any postsecondary certificates, diplomas or degrees.

This table presents the population aged 25 years and over by highest level of educational attainment. The column headings are: highest level of educational attainment; Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are: total population aged 25 years and over; no certificate, diploma or degree; high school diploma; a subtotal for postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree: trades certificate which is a subtotal of the rows for trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship) and registered apprenticeship certificate; college diploma; university certificate below bachelor; university degree which is a subtotal of the rows for bachelor's degree; university certificate above bachelor; degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry; master's degree; earned doctorate.

Table 1 – Population aged 25 and over by highest level of educational attainment

Overall, successive generations of Canadians have been completing high school and attaining postsecondary qualifications in increasing proportions. In 2011, 41.7% of Canadians aged 65 years and over had a postsecondary credential; this compares with 69.5% among adults between the ages of 25 and 44. As well, 35.7% of those aged 65 years and over had not completed any certificate, diploma or degree compared with 9.5% of individuals aged 25 to 44.

In Manitoba, 39.2% of those aged 65 years and over had a postsecondary credential, compared to 59.9% of adults aged 25 to 44; 38.2% of individuals aged 65 years and over had no certificate, diploma or degree, compared to 14.4% of 25 to 44 year-olds.

Manitoba – Proportion of the population aged 25 years and over by level of educational attainment and age groups

Figure description

This vertical bar graph shows the proportion of the population aged 25 years and over by level of educational attainment and age groups. The age groups are: 25 to 44, 45 to 64 and 65 and over. The y-axis is the percentage of the population and the x-axis is level of educational attainment including: No certificate, diploma or degree; High school diploma; Trades certificate; College diploma; University certificate below bachelor; Bachelor's degree; University above bachelor.

Major field of study

Table 2 – Most common fields of studyEducation Footnote 9 for the population aged 25 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by level of educational attainmentEducation Footnote 1, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents the five most common fields of study by level of educational attainment for the population aged 25 years and over with postsecondary qualifications. The column headings are: field of study; Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number, percentage and rank. The rows are: the five most common fields of study under the educational attainment levels of: trades certificate; college diploma; university.

Manitoba – Proportion of the population aged 25 years and over by level of educational attainment and age groups
Table 2 Canada, #currentGeo# – Most common fields of study for the population aged 25 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by level of educational attainment

In 2011, there were 419,245 residents of Manitoba aged 25 years and over with postsecondary credentials. Of these graduates, 74.8% had studied in Manitoba, 11.1% had studied in another province or territory and 14.1% had studied outside Canada. Nationally, 72.5% of graduates had studied in the same province/territory in which they lived in 2011, 10.4% had studied in another province or territory and 17.1% had studied outside Canada.

In all provinces, individuals with trades or college certificates were more likely than those with university credentials to have earned their highest certificate, diploma or degree in the province in which they lived in 2011.

Table 3 – Population aged 25 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by location of study and by level of educational attainment, Manitoba

Table summary

This table presents location of study compared with the province or territory of residence in 2011 for the population aged 25 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by level of educational attainment. The column headings are: educational attainment; location of study divided into studied in Manitoba, studied in another province / territory, studied outside Canada further divided in number and percentage. The rows are: total population aged 25 years and over with postsecondary qualifications; trades certificate; college diploma; university certificate below bachelor; bachelor's degree; university above bachelor.

Table 3 – Population aged 25 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by location of study and by level of educational attainment, Manitoba

Educational attainment

Location of study

Studied in Manitoba

Studied in another province/territory

Studied outside Canada

number

%

number

%

number

%

Total population aged 25 years and over with postsecondary qualifications

313,540

74.8

46,620

11.1

59,085

14.1

Trades certificate

67,930

81.3

8,060

9.7

7,540

9.0

College diploma

112,560

80.3

16,500

11.8

11,130

7.9

University certificate below bachelor

25,290

70.4

3,230

9.0

7,415

20.6

Bachelor's degree

77,690

73.5

10,435

9.9

17,515

16.6

University above bachelor

30,070

55.7

8,395

15.6

15,490

28.7

Note(s):

Footnote 1

The terms 'Educational attainment,' 'level of educational attainment' and 'highest level of educational attainment' used in this document refer to the Highest certificate, diploma or degree completed by a person. The portion of the population that completed each type of education noted is the portion that completed it as their highest certificate, diploma or degree.

'Trades certificate' refers to 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' and is an aggregation which includes both 'Registered Apprenticeship certificate' as well as 'trades certificate or diploma (other than apprenticeship).'

'University certificate below bachelor' refers to 'university certificate or diploma below bachelor level.' Comparisons with other data sources suggest that this category was over-reported in the NHS. It is recommended that users interpret the results for this category with caution. For further information, please refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey.

'University' in this table refers to 'university certificate, diploma or degree,' and includes all university certificates, diplomas and degrees including university certificates below the bachelor level, bachelor's degrees and university certificates and degrees above the bachelor level.

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree was completed. Here, location of study is compared with province or territory of residence to indicate whether the location of study is the same province or territory as the person's residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada.

Labour

In Manitoba, 597,290 people were employed and 39,550 were unemployed for a total labour force of 636,835 in May 2011. The employment rate was at 63.1% and the unemployment rate was at 6.2%.

Table 1 Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents the labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over. The column headings are: labour force status; Manitoba and Canada. The rows are: total population aged 15 years and over with sub-totals of: in the labour force (number) and not in the labour force (number). In the labour force (number) there are two components: employed (number) and unemployed (number). Rates are also presented for: participation rate (%); employment rate (%); and unemployment rate (%).

Table 1 Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status

Within Manitoba, 15.1% of the employed labour force was aged 15 to 24 and 15.4% was aged 55 to 64. This compares to 13.1% and 15.3% respectively for Canada.

Table 2 Employed labour force by age groups, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents the employed labour force by selected age groups. The column headings are: age groups and Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are: total; age groups; 15 to 24 years; 25 to 34 years; 35 to 54 years; 55 to 64 years; 65 years and over.

Table 2 Employed labour force by age groups

Age groups

Manitoba

Canada

number

%

number

%

Total

597,290

100.0

16,595,035

100.0

15 to 24 years

89,995

15.1

2,180,880

13.1

25 to 34 years

117,415

19.7

3,394,445

20.5

35 to 54 years

273,555

45.8

7,912,010

47.7

55 to 64 years

92,135

15.4

2,535,655

15.3

65 years and over

24,195

4.1

572,045

3.4

Within Manitoba, the top occupations were: Retail salespersons; Managers in agriculture; Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses. For Canada as a whole the top occupations were: Retail salespersons; Retail and wholesale trade managers; Administrative assistants.

Within Manitoba, the top industries were: Elementary and secondary schools; Hospitals; Farms (except aquaculture). For Canada as a whole the top industries were: Elementary and secondary schools; Hospitals; Grocery stores.

This table presents the top industries. The column headings are: industry, Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are: the top industries.

Table 4 Top industries for the employed labour force

Industry

Manitoba

Canada

number

%

Rank

number

%

Rank

Elementary and secondary schools

36,355

6.1

1

777,015

4.7

1

Hospitals

26,540

4.4

2

614,440

3.7

2

Farms (except aquaculture)

24,695

4.1

3

318,295

1.9

9

Nursing and residential care facilities

18,025

3.0

4

341,915

2.1

8

Provincial and territorial public administration

16,125

2.7

5

317,545

1.9

10

Other federal services

15,120

2.5

6

371,190

2.2

6

Grocery stores

15,015

2.5

7

405,685

2.4

3

Limited-service restaurants

14,035

2.3

8

366,245

2.2

7

Full-service restaurants

13,970

2.3

9

397,965

2.4

4

Local, municipal and regional public administration

11,835

2.0

10

372,630

2.2

5

The number of self-employed in Manitoba amounted to 64,060 or 10.7% of all total employed workers.

Table 5 Employed labour force by class of workers, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents class of worker. The column headings are: class of worker; Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are: total employed labour force; with subtotals of employee (number and percent) and total – self-employed (number and percent). The total – self-employed there are two components: self-employed (incorporated or unincorporated) and unpaid family worker.

Table 5 Employed labour force by class of workers

Class of worker

Manitoba

Canada

number

%

number

%

Table note(s):

Footnote 1

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

In 2011, 9.2% of commuters within the province used public transit to get to work. This compares to a national level of 12.0%. 73.7% of the population used a car, truck or van as a driver, while 7.2% used a car, truck or van as a passenger. The average commuting time to work in the province was 21.4 minutes, this compares to a national commuting time of 25.4 minutes.

Within Manitoba, 81.9% of the employed labour force aged 15 years and over worked at their usual place, 6.8% worked at home and 11.1% had no fixed workplace address.

This table presents the employed labour force by mode of transportation. The column headings are: mode of transportation; Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are: total employed labour force with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address; car, truck or van as driver; car, truck or van as passenger; public transit; walked; bicycle; other.

Table 6 Employed labour force by mode of transportation

Mode of transportation

Manitoba

Canada

number

%

number

%

Total employed labour force with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address

This table presents time leaving for work. The column headings are: time leaving for work; Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are: total; 5 to 5:59 a.m.; 6 to 6:59 a.m.; 7 to 7:59 a.m.; 8 to 8:59 a.m.; 9 to 11:59 a.m.; 12 p.m. to 4:59 a.m.

Table 8 Employed Labour force by time leaving for work

Time leaving for work

Manitoba

Canada

number

%

number

%

Total

555,310

100.0

15,385,940

100.0

5 to 5:59 a.m.

24,615

4.4

980,550

6.4

6 to 6:59 a.m.

99,195

17.9

2,782,690

18.1

7 to 7:59 a.m.

169,350

30.5

4,472,745

29.1

8 to 8:59 a.m.

128,075

23.1

3,397,085

22.1

9 to 11:59 a.m.

50,920

9.2

1,593,230

10.4

12 p.m. to 4:59 a.m.

83,155

15.0

2,159,630

14.0

Table 9 Employed labour force by place of work status, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents place of work. The column headings are: place of work; Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are: total; usual place of work; worked at home; worked outside Canada; no fixed workplace address.

Table 9 Employed labour force by place of work status

Place of work

Manitoba

Canada

number

%

number

%

Total employed labour force

597,290

100.0

16,595,035

100.0

Usual place of work

489,200

81.9

13,517,690

81.5

Worked at home

40,480

6.8

1,142,640

6.9

Worked outside Canada

1,495

0.3

66,455

0.4

No fixed workplace address

66,110

11.1

1,868,245

11.3

In Manitoba, 97.3% (663,085) of the population aged 15 years and over who worked in 2010 or 2011 reported English only as the language used most often at work, 0.9% (5,930) reported French only and 0.3% (2,155) said they used both official languages (English and French) equally. In addition, 0.4% of the population aged 15 years and over who worked in 2010 or 2011 reported using an official language and a non-official language equally most often at work and 1.1% a non-official language only.

Furthermore, 1.3% (8,655) of the population aged 15 years and over who worked in 2010 or 2011 reported working in English on a regular basis, 1.9% (12,855) in French on a regular basis and 0.0% (0) in the country's two official languages on a regular basis. In addition, 0.1% (585) of of the population aged 15 years and over who worked in 2010 or 2011 reported using an official language and a non-official language on a regular basis at work and 3.5% (23,575) a non-official language only.

In Canada, 76.4% (14,622,905) of the population aged 15 years and over who worked in 2010 or 2011 reported English only as the language used most often at work, 20.0% (3,831,535) reported French only and 1.7 (317,135) said they used both official languages (English and French) equally. Furthermore, 0.6% of the population aged 15 years and over who worked in 2010 or 2011 reported using an official language and a non-official language equally most often at work.

As for the language used at work on a regular basis in Canada, the proportions are as follows: 6.0% (1,148,980) reported using English; 3.4% (645,075) use French; 0.0% (1,925) use both official languages; 0.2% (34,290) reported using an official language and a non-official language; and 2.2% (411,735) a non-official language only.

Table 10 Languages used at work, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents the languages used most often and regularly at work. The column headings are: languages used at work; language used most often at work and language used regularly at work for Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are: Total population 15 years and over who worked since 2010; English only; French only; other language only; English and French; English and other language; French and other language; English, French and other language.

In Manitoba, the non-official languages most used, most often or regularly, with or without an official language, are German, Tagalog (Pilipino,Filipino) and Cree languages, which account respectively for 0.6% (7,690), 0.4% (5,655) and 0.4% (5,595) of the population aged 15 years and over who worked in 2010 or 2011.

In Canada, the non-official languages most used, most often or regularly, with or without an official language, are Chinese languages, Spanish and Panjabi (Punjabi), which account respectively for 1.2% (224,195), 0.4% (82,050) and 0.4% (71,430) of the population aged 15 years and older who worked in 2010 or 2011.

Table 11 Non-official languages used at work, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table presents non-official languages used at work. The column headings are: languages used at work; language used at least regularly at work, language used most often at work and language used regularly at work for Manitoba and Canada, which are divided in number and percentage. The rows are the top non-official languages used at least regularly at work.

Income composition

The total income for the population in private households can be broken down into two basic components: market incomeIncome Footnote 1 and government transfers.Income Footnote 2 In Manitoba, 87.5% of total income was from market income in 2010 and 12.5% was from government transfers. (Aggregate total income for Manitoba was 33.1 billion dollars in 2010.)

Figure 1 Income composition for the population in private households in 2010

Figure description

This stacked horizontal bar figure shows income composition for the population in private households. The y-axis is Canada and the provinces and territories. The x-axis is percentage of income composition (market income and government transfer payments).

Market income's main component was employment income. In Manitoba, it accounted for $86.10 of every $100 of market income, slightly above the figure for Canada of $85.20. For the two components of employment income, wages and salaries represented $81.10 and net income from self-employment, $5.00.

The other components of market income were smaller than employment income: in Manitoba, investment income represented $4.20 per $100 of market income, retirement income, $8.00 and $1.70 came from other private sources of money.

The government transfers received in Manitoba were Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan with $31.00 of every $100 of total government transfers received, Old Age Security (OAS) pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement ($27.60), Other income from government sources ($15.10), Child benefits ($14.80), and Employment Insurance benefits ($11.60).

Table 1 – Income composition for the population in private households in 2010, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table shows income composition for the population in private households in 2010. The column headings are: income composition, Manitoba and Canada. The rows are: aggregate total income in millions of dollars which has main components of market income and government transfer payments. Market income is further divided into: employment income in percentage (including wages and salaries in percentage and self-employment income in percentage); investment income in percentage; retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities in percentage; other money income. Government transfer payments is further divided into: Canada / Quebec pension plan benefits in percentage; Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement in percentage; employment insurance benefits in percentage; child benefits in percentage and other income from government sources in percentage. Also included are income taxes paid (as a percent of total income) and after-tax income (as a percent of total income).

Table 1 – Income composition for the population in private households in 2010, Manitoba, Canada

Income composition

Manitoba

Canada

Aggregate total income (million $)

33,064.3

1,053,582.1

Composition of total income in 2010 (%)

100.0

100.0

Market income (%)

87.5

87.6

Employment income (%)

75.4

74.7

Wages and salaries (%)

71.0

70.3

Self-employment income (%)

4.4

4.4

Investment income (%)

3.7

4.6

Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (%)

7.0

6.7

Other money income (%)

1.5

1.7

Government transfer payments (%)

12.5

12.4

Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (%)

3.9

3.5

Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement (%)

3.4

3.1

Employment Insurance benefits (%)

1.4

1.8

Child benefits (%)

1.8

1.5

Other income from government sources (%)

1.9

2.6

Income taxes paid – as a % of total income

16.3

16.4

After-tax income – as a % of total income

83.7

83.6

High total income

Among the Canadian population in private households aged 15 years and over, ten percent had total incomes of more than $80,400 in 2010. To be in the top five percent, Canadians needed to have a total income of slightly above $102,300 and to be in the top one percent required just over $191,100, nearly seven times the national median income of $27,800.Income Footnote 3

In Manitoba, 3.3% percent of the population aged 15 years and over had total income that put them in the top five percent and 0.6% in the top one percent. This compared with 5.0% and 1.0% in Canada.

Table 2 – Population aged 15 years and over by total income, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

The following table presents the population aged 15 years and over by total income. The column headings are: total income, Manitoba and Canada. The rows are: population aged 15 years and over by total income (count); without income or less than $27,815 in percentage; without income or less than $12,025 in percentage; $12,025 to $27,814 in percentage; $27,815 and over in percentage; $27,815 to $51,304 in percentage; $51,305 and over in percentage; $80,420 and over (top 10 percent) in percentage; $102,305 and over top 5 percent) in percentage and $191,150 and over (top 1 percent) in percentage.

Table 2 – Population aged 15 years and over by total income, Manitoba, Canada

Employment income

Of those persons with employment income in Manitoba, 53.2% worked full year, full timeIncome Footnote 4 in 2010 compared to 50.3% in Canada. The median employment income was $43,621 for these workers ($47,868 for those in Canada).

The top three most common occupations for those working full-year full-time in 2010 in Manitoba were Managers in agriculture; Retail and wholesale trade managers; and Retail salespersons.

Table 3 – Median earnings of the most common full-year, full-time occupations in 2010, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

The following table presents the most common occupations for full-year, full-time workers in 2010. The column headings are: population with earnings who worked full-year, full-time in 2010, Manitoba divided into number and median earnings in dollars and Canada divided in median earnings in dollars. The rows are the most common occupations.

Table 3 – Median earnings of the most common full-year, full-time occupations in 2010, Manitoba, Canada

Family income

The median after-tax income of economic families in Manitoba in 2010 was $62,819, the median for couple families was $67,934 and for lone-parent families, $38,788. For persons not in economic families (persons living alone or with non relatives only), the median after-tax income was $25,288.

These compare to the medians in Canada of $67,044 for after-tax family income of all economic families, $72,356 for couple families, $42,401 for lone-parent families and $25,761 for persons living alone or without relatives.

Table 4 – Median after-tax income in 2010 for economic families and persons not in economic families, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table shows median after-tax income in 2010 by economic family structure and sex. The column headings are: economic family structure and sex, Manitoba divided into number and median after-tax income in dollars and Canada divided into median after-tax income in dollars. The rows are: all economic families (couple families, lone-parent families, other economic families); persons not in economic families (males, females).

Table 4 – Median after-tax income in 2010 for economic families and persons not in economic families, Manitoba, Canada

Economic family structure and sex

Manitoba

Canada

number

median after-tax income ($)

median after-tax income ($)

All economic families

323,260

62,819

67,044

Couple families

267,475

67,934

72,356

Lone-parent families

47,340

38,788

42,401

Other economic families

8,450

48,473

55,484

Persons not in economic families

166,010

25,288

25,761

Males

80,310

27,306

28,197

Females

85,710

23,308

23,917

Figure 2 Median after-tax income in 2010 for Manitoba and Canada

Figure description

The following vertical bar figure shows the median after-tax income in 2010 by economic family structure and sex. The y-axis is the median after-tax income in dollars. The x-axis is economic family structure and sex including: all economic families; couple families; lone-parent families; other economic families; persons not in economic families; males not in economic families and females not in economic families.

Families came in different sizes and larger families may have benefited from pooling of resources and economies of scale. In Manitoba, based on their after-tax income adjusted for family size, 43.8% of the population was in the top half of the income distribution, below the rate of 50.0% in Canada.

In Manitoba, the percentage of the population in the lowest income decile groupIncome Footnote 6 at 12.4% was higher than in Canada (10.0%). The percentage of the population in the highest decile group was 6.2%, lower than in Canada (10.0%).

Table 5 – Population in private households by adjusted after-tax family income in 2010, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

The following table shows the population in private households by adjusted after-tax income in 2010. The column headings are: percentage of private households in decile groups of adjusted after-tax income in 2010, Manitoba and Canada. The rows are: population in private households as count, decile groups.

Table 5 – Population in private households by adjusted after-tax family income in 2010, Manitoba, Canada

Population in private households by decile groups of adjusted after-tax income in 2010

In the NHS, a relative measure is used to classify persons by income status: the low-income measure based on after-tax income (LIM-AT). For this measure, the income threshold is half the Canadian median of after-tax household income. The income has been adjusted to account for household size. Persons in households with a household income below this thresholdIncome Footnote 8 were considered to be in low income.

Based on the after-tax income low-income measure, the proportion of the population in low income in Manitoba was 16.4%, above the rate of 14.9% observed in Canada. In Manitoba, compared to the population of all ages, for persons under 18, the rate was higher (21.9%) and for the population aged 65 years and over, it was lower at 15.8%.

This table shows income status based on the after-tax low-income measure in 2010. The column headings are: income status, Manitoba and Canada. The rows are: total - persons in private households for income status statistics (count); proportion in low income (based on LIM-AT) in percentage; under 18 years in percentage; under 6 years in percentage; 18 to 64 in percentage; 65 years and over in percentage.

Government transfers include Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security (OAS) pension and the Guaranteed Income Supplement, Employment Insurance benefits, child benefits and other income from government sources.

The income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the economic families adjusted after-tax income distribution. The population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population.

The low-income estimates from the National Household Survey (NHS) are not directly comparable to estimates from other sources such as earlier censuses or the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics but comparisons of different groups or geographies with sufficient sample size within the NHS are of good quality.

For the purposes of low-income statistics, households in the territories and in First Nations communities were excluded. The use of a statistic based only on money income could be misleading in areas where there are substantial in-kind transfers or non-cash activities. In Manitoba, 62,965 persons in private households were excluded.

Housing

The number of households in Manitoba was 465,805. The homeownership rate in Manitoba was 70.1%, which was higher than the national homeownership rate of 69.0%.

Canada, provinces and territories – Homeownership rate in 2011

Figure description

The following vertical bar chart shows the homeownership rates in percentage for Canada and the provinces and territories. The y-axis is the percentage in homeownership and the x-axis is the provinces and territories from east to west. The homeownership rate for Canada is represented as a horizontal line.

This table shows the number of households by housing tenure for Canada and the provinces and territories. The column headings are: geographic name; housing tenure including total households; owner; renter and band housing. The rows are: Canada and the provinces and territories from east to west.

Households in Manitoba that paid 30% or more of household total income toward shelter costs represented 19.4% of non-farm, non-reserve households with total income greater than zero. This proportion was lower than the national proportion (25.2%).

A lower proportion of owner households paid 30% or more compared to tenant households in Manitoba (13.0% for owners versus 35.4% for renters).

Households in Manitoba paid an average monthly shelter cost of $848 – which was lower than the national amount of $1,050. The average monthly shelter cost for tenant households was $716. This was lower than the average monthly shelter cost for owner households of $901.

This table shows the percentage of households spending 30% or more of 2010 total income on shelter costs for the selected geography. The column headings are: housing indicator; housing tenure; Manitoba and Canada. The rows are: percentage of households spending 30% or more of 2010 total income on shelter costs and average monthly shelter cost ($). Both are further divided into total, owner and renter.

Table note(s):

In Manitoba, 10.7% of households reported living in dwellings that required major repairs. This was higher than the national proportion of 7.4%. The proportion of households reporting major repairs requirements was lower for owners than renters (8.6% for owner-occupied dwellings and 12.0% for renter-occupied dwellings).

Table 3 – Need for major repairs by housing tenure, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table shows percentage of households who reported that their dwelling was in need of major repairs. The column headings are: housing indicator; housing tenure; Manitoba and Canada. The row under housing indicator is: percentage of households reporting that their dwelling was in need of major repairs, which is further divided into total, owner, renter and band housing.

Table 3 – Need for major repairs by housing tenure, Manitoba, Canada

Housing indicator

Housing tenure

Manitoba

Canada

Percentage of households reporting that their dwelling was in need of major repairs

Total

10.7

7.4

Owner

8.6

6.4

Renter

12.0

9.1

Band housing

50.9

43.5

Manitoba – Suitability

In Manitoba, 7.0% of households in Manitoba lived in dwellings that were not suitable; that is, the dwelling was crowded because there were not enough bedrooms based on the National Occupancy Standard.Housing Footnote 3 This was higher than the national proportion of 6.0%. The proportion of households in dwellings that were not suitable was lower for owners than renters (4.2% owner households and 11.9% for renter households).

Table 4 – Housing suitability by housing tenure, Manitoba, Canada

Table summary

This table shows percentage of households living in dwellings that were not suitable. The column headings are: housing indicator; housing tenure; Manitoba and Canada. The rows are: percentage of households living in dwellings that were not suitable, which is further divided into total, owner, renter and band housing.

Table 4 – Housing suitability by housing tenure, Manitoba, Canada

Housing indicator

Housing tenure

Manitoba

Canada

Percentage of households living in dwellings that were not suitable

Total

7.0

6.0

Owner

4.2

3.8

Renter

11.9

10.6

Band housing

31.7

25.2

Note(s):

Footnote 1

In 1986, the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) and the provinces agreed to use the 30% threshold to measure affordability for the purposes of defining need for social housing. This agreement was reached during the development of the federal/provincial social housing programs.

The need for major repairs is based on the judgment of the respondent. Examples of major repairs provided to respondents included defective plumbing or electrical wiring, structural repairs to walls, floors or ceilings, etc.