The fetch() function is built into all modern browsers... which is cool because we didn't need to install any outside libraries to make AJAX requests. Yay! Except... what about older browsers? I'm looking at you IE! Google for "caniuse fetch".

The good news is that fetch() is almost universal... ahem, IE 11. So... you might be ok to do nothing! But, for the rest of us that do have a few users on IE, yea, using fetch() will be a problem. But, a problem we can fix!

When we use new JavaScript syntaxes - like the arrow function - behind the scenes, Babel transpiles - basically rewrites - that code into old, boring syntax that all browsers support. So, that's already handled. But, when there is a totally new feature, like fetch(), Babel doesn't handle that. Instead, you need a polyfill: a fancy word for a library that adds a feature if it's missing.

Google for "fetch polyfill" to find a library from GitHub. Scroll down to find the library name: whatwg-fetch. Copy that, find your open terminal and:

yarn add whatwg-fetch --dev

To use a JavaScript polyfill, all we need to do is import the file. Internally, it will figure out whether or not the current browser has the feature, like the global fetch() function. If it does not, it will add it.

Super easy! To make sure fetch() is available everywhere, we can import it from our entry file: rep_log_react.js. Then, it will definitely be available in rep_log_api.js. But... I like to get even crazier! Open layout.js. Then look inside webpack.config.js. layout is configured as my "shared" entry... which is a fancy way of saying that layout.js is included on every page and so its code will always run. Inside that file, import 'whatwg-fetch'.

Every part of my app can now safely rely on the fact that the global fetch() function will be available.

Oh, and because I love digging in to see how things work, let's go check out the polyfill code! Open node_modules, search for whatwg, expand its directory and open fetch.js. This is the file we just imported.

Look all the way at the bottom: it's a self-executing function. It passes this into the function, which in a browser environment, is the global window object. Then, on top, that window object is passed as a self. And because all global variables & functions are actually propertieson the window object, it's able to ask:

Hey! Does the window variable have the global fetch() function on it?

If it does, it just returns. If it does not, the rest of this code works to define and add it. There it is: self.fetch =. This is a polyfill in action - kinda cool.

Go back to the fetch polyfill docs. Ah, it says that we also need to use a Promise polyfill for older browsers. We can literally see this inside of the fetch polyfill: it assumes that a Promise class is available.

Let's polyfill it to be safe: click into the library they recommend. Cool: copy the name, move over, and:

yarn add promise-polyfill --dev

When it finishes, head back to the docs. Interesting: this shows two different import options. You can use the second one to import a Promise object, but without adding a new global variable. Because we do want to guarantee that a global Promise variable exists, copy the first one. In layout.js, paste!