A 40 yr old male who was seropositive for HIV experienced abdominal pain, fatigue, and low grade fever 38C?for two weeks. A chest x-ray examination revealed lung infiltrates. Gram and acid fast stains were negative. A viral culture revealed the cause of his symptoms: a large, enveloped polyhedral virus with double stranded DNA. What is the disease? Which virus caused it? Why was the viral culture done after the Gram and acid fast stain results were obtained?

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The Gram stain and acid-fast stains were done first to rule out the more common infections that could cause lung infiltrates in an HIV patient such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and