2002 Gujarat riots

The 2002 Gujarat riots, also known as the 2002 Gujarat violence and the Gujarat pogrom, was a three-day period of inter-communal violence in the western Indian state of Gujarat. Following the initial incident there were further outbreaks of violence in Ahmedabad for three weeks; statewide, there were further outbreaks of communal riots against the minority Muslim population for three months. The burning of a train in Godhra on 27 February 2002, which caused the deaths of 58 Hindu pilgrims karsevaks returning from Ayodhya, is believed to have triggered the violence.

According to official figures, the riots resulted in the deaths of 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus; 2,500 people were injured non-fatally, and 223 more were reported missing. Other sources estimate that up to 2,000 Muslims died. There were instances of rape, children being burned alive, and widespread looting and destruction of property. The Chief Minister at that time, Narendra Modi, has been accused of initiating and condoning the violence, as have police and government officials who allegedly directed the rioters and gave lists of Muslim-owned properties to them.

1969 Gujarat riots

The 1969 Gujarat riots refers to the communal violence between Hindus and Muslims during September–October 1969, in Gujarat, India. The violence was Gujarat's first major riot that involved massacre, arson and looting on a large scale. It was the most deadly Hindu-Muslim violence since the 1947 partition of India, and remained such until the 1989 Bhagalpur violence.

According to the official figures, 660 people were killed, 1074 people were injured and over 48,000 lost their property. Unofficial reports claim as high as 2000 deaths. The Muslim community suffered the majority of the losses. Out of the 512 deaths reported in the police complaints, 430 were Muslims. Property worth 42 million rupees was destroyed during the riots, with Muslims losing 32 million worth of property. A distinctive feature of the violence was the attack on Muslim chawls by their Dalit Hindu neighbours who had maintained peaceful relations with them until this point.

The riots happened during the chief ministership of the Indian National Congress leader Hitendra Desai. The Justice Reddy Commission set up by his government blamed the Hindu nationalist organizations for the violence. Various writers trace the causes of the riots to a mix of socioeconomic and political factors (see Background below). The actual violence was triggered by an attack on a Hindu temple on 18 September 1969. The riots started in Ahmedabad, and then spread to other areas, notably Vadodara, Mehsana, Nadiad, Anand and Gondal. By 26 September, the violence had been brought under control, however some more violent incidents happened during 18–28 October 1969.

Gujarat

Gujarat (/ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/Gujǎrāt[ˈɡudʒ(ə)ɾaːt]) is a state in the western part of India known locally as Jewel of the Western part of India. It has an area of 196,204km2 (75,755sqmi) with a coastline of 1,600km (990mi), most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula, and a population in excess of 60 million. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea, as well as the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west. Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati-speaking people of India.

The state encompasses major sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, such as Lothal and Dholavira. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first seaports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires, and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties from the Western Satraps era, whose geographic territories included Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, South Sindh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states.

As, also those involved in other such mass killings which took place after it, whether it was 2002Gujaratriots or the 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots," Kejriwal told reporters ... It also named 2002 post-Godhra Gujaratriots and Muzaffarnagar riots in Uttar Pradesh in 2013 among other mass killings since 1947 where minorities were targeted....

As, also those involved in other such mass killings which took place after it, whether it was 2002Gujaratriots or the 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots,” Kejriwal told reporters ... It also named 2002 post-Godhra Gujaratriots and Muzaffarnagar riots in Uttar Pradesh in 2013 among other mass killings since 1947 where minorities were targeted....

The Delhi High Court linked the 1984 anti-Sikh riots with similar mass killings in the country, such as Mumbai (1993), Gujarat (2002), Kandhamal (2008) and Muzaffarnagar (2013), and demanded a separate law to deal with such instances of "genocide" or "crimes against humanity"....

The Congress’s reaction to the conviction of Sajjan Kumar in a case related to the 1984 anti-Sikh riots was on predictable lines — the law should take its course, he holds no position in the party and what about the Gujaratriots and those involved in it ... positions in Gujarat....

With large parts of the state reeling under drought-like conditions, the Gujarat government on Monday sought financial assistance of Rs 1,725 crore from the Centre to carry out various relief works in the affected regions ...Delhi HC sends Sajjan Kumar to jail for life in 1984 anti-Sikh riots case....

The 1984riots are a blot on the country ... But, as the court said, such challenges to the legal system are not limited to the anti-Sikh riots but to ‘’the killings in Mumbai in 1993, to Gujarat in 2002 and Muzaffarnagar in 2013, to name a few’’ ... 1984 anti-Sikh riots. Anti-Sikh riots....

Cong rakes up Guj riots issue. Stating that conviction of party leader Sajjan Kumar in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots case should not be politicised, the Congress on Monday raked up the 2002Gujaratriots demanding punishment for BJP leaders alleged to be involved in the communal violence that claimed over 1,000 lives....