Basal Cell Carcinoma

Definition

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. This cancer usually grows slowly and rarely spreads to other tissues in the body.

Basal cell carcinoma is rarely fatal, but it can cause damage to the nearby tissue. If there is risk of damage, the cancer may need treatment or removal.

Causes

Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without control or order. Eventually these uncontrolled cells form a growth or tumor. The growths invade and take over nearby tissue. It is not clear exactly what causes these problems in the cells, but is probably a combination of genetics and environment.

Risk Factors

Areas of skin that are damaged have a higher risk of cancer. Skin that is regularly exposed to the sun is most likely to develop skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma may also develop in skin that has scars, burns, or inflammatory skin diseases.

Treatment that suppresses the immune system, such as having an organ transplant

Certain rare genetic disorders, such as Gorlin’s syndrome

Symptoms

Symptoms of basal cell carcinoma include:

A sore that may crust, bleed, or ooze for 3 weeks without healing

A raised, red patch that may be itchy

A shiny bump that can be pearl-like in appearance or, less often, dark in color, much like a mole

A pink growth with a slightly raised border and dip in the middle

A patch of skin that seems shiny and tight, much like a scar

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. This includes a thorough examination of the skin and any skin lesions.

Samples of skin lesions can be biopsied and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer. A biopsy will also help determine the stage and type of the cancer if it is present.
The information will be used to guide treatment and make a prognosis.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.