1874 – Greek politician Charilaos Trikoupis publishes a manifesto in the Athens daily Kairoi entitled “Who’s to Blame?” in which he lays out his complaints against King George. He is elected Prime Minister of Greece the next year.

1880 – France annexes Tahiti.

1888 – First (known) recording of classical music made, Handel’s Israel in Egypt on wax cylinder.

1895 – El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua form the Central American Union.

1914 – Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo by young Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip , the casus belli of World War I.

1919 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed in Paris, formally ending World War I between Britain, France, Italy, the United States and allies on the one side and Germany and Austria Hungary on the other side.

1922 – The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Free State forces.

1936 – The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China.

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1709 – Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava.

1743 – War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Dettingen On the battlefield in Bavaria, George II personally led troops into battle, the last time a British monarch would command troops in the field.

1759 – General James Wolfe starts siege of Quebec.

1806 – The British capture Buenos Aires during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata.

1844 – Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was murdered at the Carthage, Illinois jail, along with his brother, Hyrum Smith, by a mob.

1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Kennesaw Mountain.

1867 – The Bank of California is created.

1893 – Crash of the New York Stock Exchange.

1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.

1905 – Battleship Potemkin uprising: Sailors start a mutiny aboard the Battleship Potemkin, denouncing the crimes of autocracy, demanding liberty and an end to war.

1941 – German troops capture the city of Bialystok during Operation Barbarossa.

1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War.

1954 – The world’s first nuclear power station opens in Obninsk, near Moscow.

1957 – Hurricane Audrey kills 500 people in Louisiana and Texas.

1966 – The first broadcast of Dark Shadows is aired on ABC-TV.

1967 – The world’s first ATM is installed in Enfield, London.

1969 – The Stonewall riots that mark the beginning of the gay liberation movement begin in Greenwich Village in Manhattan.

1973 – The President of Uruguay dissolves Parliament and heads a coup d’état.

1974 – U.S president Richard Nixon visits the U.S.S.R..

1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda.

1986 – The International Court of Justice finds against the United States in its judgment in Nicaragua v. United States.

1991 – Slovenia, after declaring independence two days previous, is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten-Day War.

1998 – Opening of the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Malaysia.

2001 – International Court of Justice finds against the United States in its judgement in the LaGrand Case.

2001 – Pope John Paul II beatified 28 Ukrainian Greek Catholics, including 27 martyrs most of whom were killed by the Soviet secret police. Beatification took place at the service in Lviv, western Ukraine during his first visit to this country.

2003 – The United States National Do Not Call Registry, formed to combat unwanted telemarketing calls and administered by the Federal Trade Commission, enrolled almost three-quarters of a million phone numbers on its first day.

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363 – Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. General Jovian is proclaimed Emperor by the troops on the battlefield.

1284 – According to legend, the Pied Piper lures 130 children of Hamelin away.

1409 – Western Schism: The Roman Catholic church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.

1483 – Richard III becomes king of England.

1541 – Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in Lima by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego Almagro the younger. Diego is later caught and executed.

1718 – Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia, Peter the Great’s son, mysteriously dies after being sentenced to death by his father for plotting against him.

1723 – After a lasting siege and firing from the cannons Baku surrendered to Russians.

1848 – End of the June Days Uprising in Paris.

1857 – The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.

1870 – The Christian holiday of Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the United States.

1918 – World War I Western Front: Battle for Belleau Wood – Allied Forces under John J. Pershing & James Harbord defeat Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince.

1960 – Former British Protectorate of Somaliland British Somaliland gains its independence.

1963 – John F. Kennedy speaks the famous words “Ich bin ein Berliner” on a visit to West Berlin.

1973 – On Plesetsk Cosmodrome 9 people are killed in an explosion of a Cosmos 3-M rocket.

1974 – The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley’s chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio.

1975 – Indira Gandhi establishes authoritarian rule in India.

1975 – Two CIA agents and a member of the American Indian Movement are killed in a shootout on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in North Dakota; Leonard Peltier is later convicted of the murders in a controversial trial.

1976 – The CN Tower, the tallest free-standing structure on land in the world, was opened.

1977 – The Yorkshire Ripper kills 16 year old shop assistant Jayne MacDonald in Leeds, changing public perception of the killer as she was the first victim who was not a prostitute.

1978 – Air Canada Flight 189 to Toronto overran the runway and crashed into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of 107 passengers onboard died.

1981 – Couples For Christ, a Christian charismatic organization, established in the Philippines.

1991 – Ten-Day War- Yugoslav people`s army began Ten-Day War in Slovenia.

1993 – The U.S. launches a missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for a thwarted assassination attempt against former President George H.W. Bush in April in Kuwait.

1976 – Missouri Governor Christopher S. Bond issues an executive order rescinding the Extermination Order, formally apologizing on behalf of the state of Missouri for the suffering it had caused the Latter Day Saints.

1981 – Microsoft Inc. is restructured to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington.

1982 – Greece abolishes headshaving of the recruits in the military.

1991 – Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence from Yugoslavia.

1993 – Kim Campbell is chosen as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and becomes the first female Prime Minister of Canada.

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972 – Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces.

1128 – Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães. Portuguese forces led by Alfonso I defeat his mother D.Teresa and D.Fernão Peres de Trava. After this battle, the future king calls himself “Prince of Portugal,” the first step towards “official independence” in 1139, after the Battle of Ourique.

1314 – End of the Battle of Bannockburn. Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce defeat Edward II of England. Scotland regains its independence.

1340 – Hundred Years’ War: Battle of Sluys The French fleet was almost totally destroyed by the English Fleet commanded in person by Edward III of England.

1374 – A sudden outbreak of St. John’s Dance causes people in the streets of Aachen, Germany, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion.

1441 – Eton College founded.

1497 – John Cabot lands on North America in Newfoundland; first European exploration of the region since the Vikings.

1948 – Start of the Berlin Blockade. The Soviet Union makes overland travel between the West with West Berlin impossible.

1949 – The first Television Western, Hopalong Cassidy, is aired on NBC starring William Boyd.

1957 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment.

1963 – Zanzibar is granted internal self-government by the UK.

1975 – An Eastern Air Lines Boeing 727 crashes at John F. Kennedy Airport, New York. 113 people die.

1981 – What would be the world’s longest single-span suspension bridge for 17 years, the Humber Bridge opens, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.

1982 – British Airways Flight 9, sometimes referred to as the Jakarta incident, flew into a cloud of volcanic ash thrown up by the eruption of Mount Galunggung, resulting in the failure of all four engines.