The Lubavitcher Rebbe (1902-1994)

[from //chabad.org/TheRebbe]

The Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, of righteous memory,
the seventh leader in the Chabad-Lubavitch dynasty, is considered to have been
the most phenomenal Jewish personality of modern times.To hundreds
of thousands of followers and millions of sympathizers and admirers around the
world, he was -- and still is, despite his passing -- "the Rebbe,"
undoubtedly, the one individual more than any other singularly responsible for
stirring the conscience and spiritual awakening of world Jewry.

His Ancestry: The Rebbe was born in 1902, on the 11th day of Nissan,
in Nikolaev, Russia, to the renowned kabbalist, talmudic scholar and leader
Rabbi Levi Yitzchak and Rebbetzin Chana Schneerson. Rebbetzin Chana (1880-1964)
was known for her erudition, kindness and extraordinary accessibility. Her courage
and ingenuity became legend when during her husband's exile by the Soviets to
a remote village in Asian Russia she labored to make inks from herbs she gathered
in the fields -- so that Rabbi Levi Yitzchak could continue writing his commentary
on kabbalah and other Torah-subjects. The Rebbe was named after his great-grandfather,
the third Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Lubavitch, with whom he later shared
many characteristics.

To Save a Life: There is a story told about the Rebbe's early life that
seems to be almost symbolic of everything that was to follow. When he was nine
years old, the young Menachem Mendel courageously dove into the Black Sea and
saved the life of a little boy who had rowed out to sea and lost control of
his small craft. That sense of "other lives in danger" seems to have
dominated his consciousness; of Jews drowning in assimilation, ignorance or
alienation--and no one hearing their cries for help: Jews on campus, in isolated
communities, under repressive regimes. From early childhood he displayed a prodigious
mental acuity. By the time he reached his Bar Mitzvah, the Rebbe was considered
an illuy, a Torah prodigy. He spent his teen years immersed in the study of
Torah.

Marriage in Warsaw: In 1929 Rabbi Menachem Mendel married the sixth
Rebbe's daughter, Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka, in Warsaw. (The Rebbetzin, born in
1901, was chosen by her father, the sixth Rebbe, to accompany him in his forced
exile to Kostroma in 1927. For sixty years she was the Rebbe's life partner;
she passed away on 22 Sh'vat in 1988.) He later studied in the University of
Berlin and then at the Sorbonne in Paris. It may have been in these years that
his formidable knowledge of mathematics and the sciences began to blossom.

Arrival in the U.S.A.: On Monday, Sivan 28, 5701 (June 23, 1941) the
Rebbe and the Rebbetzin arrived in the United States, having been miraculously
rescued, by the grace of Almighty G-d, from the European holocaust. The Rebbe's
arrival marked the launching of sweeping new efforts in bolstering and disseminating
Torah and Judaism in general, and Chassidic teachings in particular, through
the establishment of three central Lubavitch organizations under the Rebbe's
leadership: Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch ("Central Organization For Jewish
Education"), Kehot Publication Society, and Machne Israel, a social services
agency. Shortly after his arrival, per his father-in-law's urging, the Rebbe
began publishing his notations to various Chassidic and kabbalistic treatises,
as well as a wide range of response on Torah subjects. With publication of these
works his genius was soon recognized by scholars throughout the world.

Leadership:
After the passing of his father-in-law, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, in
1950, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson reluctantly ascended to the leadership of
the Lubavitch movement, whose headquarters at 770 Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn,
New York. Soon Lubavitch institutions and activities took on new dimensions.
The outreaching philosophy of Chabad-Lubavitch was translated into ever greater
action, as Lubavitch centers and Chabad Houses were opened in dozens of cities
and university campuses around the world.

Passing: On Monday afternoon (March 2, 1992), while praying at the gravesite
of his father-in-law and predecessor, the Rebbe suffered a stroke that paralyzed
his right side and, most devastatingly, robbed him of the ability to speak.
Two years and three months later, the Rebbe passed away in the early morning
hours of the 3rd of the Hebrew month of Tammuz, in the year 5754 from creation
(June, 12 1994), orphaning a generation.

Uniqueness: With the Rebbe's teachings propelling them and his example
serving as a beacon to emulate, Lubavitch has rapidly grown to be a worldwide
presence, and all its various activities are stamped with his vision. Small
wonder then, that many ask, "What is it about his leadership that was --
and, in so many ways, still is -- so unique? Why do leading personalities of
the day maintain such profound respect and admiration for him?"

Past, Present and Future: Many leaders recognize the need of the moment
and respond with courage and directions. This is their forte -- and an admirable
one. Others, though their strength may not lie in "instant response"
to current problems, are blessed with the ability of perceptive foresight --
knowing what tomorrow will bring and how to best prepare. Still other leaders
excel in yet a third distinct area, possessing a keen sense of history and tradition;
their advice and leadership is molded by a great sensitivity to the past.

But one who possessed all three qualities was truly unique, standing alone
in leadership. Such was the Lubavitcher Rebbe -- the inspiration and driving
force behind the success of Lubavitch today. Radiating a keen sense of urgency,
he demanded much from his followers, and even more from himself. The Rebbe led,
above else, by example.

Initiation, Not Reaction: He was a rare blend of prophetic visionary
and pragmatic leader, synthesizing deep insight into the present needs of the
Jewish people with a breadth of vision for its future. In a sense, he charted
the course of Jewish history -- initiating, in addition to reacting to, current
events. The Rebbe was guided by inspired insight and foresight in combination
with encyclopedic scholarship, and all his pronouncements and undertakings were,
first and foremost, rooted in our Holy Torah. Time and again, what was clear
to him at the outset became obvious to other leaders with hindsight, decades
later.

Everyone's Unique Role: From the moment the Rebbe arrived in America
in 1941, his brilliance at addressing himself to the following ideal became
apparent: He would not acknowledge division or separation. Every Jew -- indeed
every human being -- has a unique role to play in the greater scheme of things
and is an integral part of the tapestry of G-d's creation.

For nearly five of the most critical decades in recent history, the Rebbe's
goal to reach out to every corner of the world with love and concern has unfolded
dramatically. No sector of the community has been excluded -- young and old;
men and women; leader and layman; scholar and laborer; student and teacher;
children, and even infants.

He had an uncanny ability to meet everyone at their own level -- he advised
Heads of State on matters of national and international importance, explored
with professionals the complexities in their own fields of expertise, and spoke
to small children with warm words and a fatherly smile.

"Actualize Your Potential!" With extraordinary insight, he
perceived the wealth of potential in each person. His inspiration, now accessible
through his writings and videos, boosts the individual's self-perception, ignites
his awareness of that hidden wealth and motivates a desire to fulfill his potential.
In the same way, many a community has been transformed by the Rebbe's message,
and been given -- directly or indirectly -- a new sense of purpose and confidence.
In each case the same strong, if subtle, message is imparted: "You are
Divinely gifted with enormous strength and energy -- actualize it!"