In Genesis 10, the Bible says that the world was divided about 100 years after the flood after the birth of Peleg.
This could refer to a division of the land and the people.
At the Tower of Babel, the languages were created and the people were forced to separate by language among the seventy descendants of the three sons of Noah.

No children listed. But Rosh is a name that is linked with these tribes

Javan

Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, Dodanim

Migration

The tribes migrated and settled into a few regions where there was a desert river valley.
East. Written evidence remains of the ancient civilizations that developed in the east in Sumer, Egypt, the Indus Valley and China around 2000 BC.
West. In the west The Etruscans moved to northern Italy and the Minoans settled in Crete. Their ancestors settled in Lydia (Asia Minor).
America. The Clovis people and Olmecs also migrated to central America.
Although scientists say it was from the Bering Straits, I believe it, or an earlier migration, could have been across North Africa when Pangea was still connected.
Evidence of giant human beings have been found in North America.

Glen Rose Tracks. A human skeleton of a woman 7 feet tall (210 cm).
In addition several footprints of giant men 8.3 - 11.8 feet (253-360 cm) tall have been found in the same region in Texas with dinosaur tracks and below dinosaur tracks!

Burdick Footprint.
Dr. Clifford Burdick found a 10.25 inch long and 3.5 inch wide footprint of a human wearing a sandal has been found with tribolites 2000 feet up on Swasey mountain, Utah.
Tribolites should have died about 300 million years ago according to evolution.
At least 80 more prints have been found since 1968.

See a map of other important migrations and people.
By 350 AD another important migration occurred as the Huns forced the native Barbarian people off the land and into the Roman empire. But they virtually disappeared as a people.
Around 1000 AD the Turks migrated off the steppes but they left no real traces.
In the thirteenth century (1227) the Mongols migrated off the steppes but left no lasting traces of themselves.

Steppes.
Civilizations developed on the plains or large, flat grassland areas. The civilizations in Europe developed faster because they had the horse and their plains were so large that they connected various civilizations.
In Eurasia the plains are called steppes. In Africa they are called veldts. In South America they are called pampas and prairie in North America.

Pangea: The Ancient Continent

This is a map of Pangea, the world before it was broken up.
The undivided earth looks like the description of the New Jerusalem,
with mountain ranges in the north and south.
If this was the description of the terrain, then the people could have traveled great distances without the
hindrance of huge mountains after the flood.

The land was divided according to tribes about 100 years after the flood.
Perhaps, the continents had not completed the drift.
So this shows a possible distribution of the nations by land route before the continents drifted far apart.
Other resettlements could have happened later.
However, the map shows that America could have been populated directly from Africa and Europe.

A 2000 mile (3200 Km) walk, like the Appalachian Trail, can be done in six months in mountainous terrain. That is about ten miles per day (16 Km).
I have seen people who have walked over thirty miles over very steep mountains in one day.
I was very out of shape and I could do eight miles in one day.
So, starting from a central point in Eden, all continents could be reached in one year with easy travelling. That is a distance of 3200 miles (5100 km).
See a map of the dispersion of animals on Pangea and Tectonic Plates.

Structure

Type

Location

Evolution Event

Age

Caldera

Size Km

Structure

Location

Age

Aira

Kyushu, Japan

22k

-

Aso

-

-

Kikai

Japan

-

-

Krakatoa

Indonesia

-

7

Campi Flegrei

Naples, Italy

-

-

Lake Toba

Sumatra

74k

30x100

Lake Taupo

New Zealand

330k

30x40

Siberian Traps

Russia

251m

-

Long Valley

California

3m

15x30

Valle Grande

New Mexico

1m

22

Yellowstone

Wyoming

2.1m

88

There have been other large explosive eruptions that formed collapsed regions called calderas.
They effect whole continents and spread ash worldwide.
The eruption of the Yellowstone super volcano would be equivalent to a half mile asteroid hitting earth, killing 1 billion people

Siljan

Crater

Sweden

Frasnian-Fammian

70% of sea life killed

364

Pripyat-Dniepr-Donetsk

Verneshot

Ukraine

364

Bedout

Crater

Australian Coast

Permian-Triassic

96% of all life killed

251

Wilkes Land

Crater

Antarctica

250

Siberian Traps

Verneshot, Flood basalt

Siberia. Near Tura, Yakutsk, Irkutsk, Noril'sk

251

Manicougan

Crater

Canada

Triassic-Jurassic

20% of life killed

214

Central Atlantic Magmatic Province

Verneshot

Sierra Leone coast

213

Chicxulub

Crater

Mexico

Cretaceous-Tertiary

60% of life killed. Dinosaurs are extinct

65

Deccan Traps

Verneshot, Flood basalt

India

65

Columbia River Plateau

Flood basalt

United States

Local destruction

17

Brazilian Highlands

Flood basalt

Brazil

Local destruction

-

Impact craters, catastrophic verneshot volcanos, calderas and flood basalt areas are remnants of the sites of great destruction that caused mass extinctions.
This is a list of the mass extinction structures.

Caldera. A depression caused by the collapse of the earth underneath a large supervolcano.

Impact Crater. A depression caused by a large object falling on the earth. It may come from outerspace or verneshots.

Verneshot. Large objects expelled by a catastrophic volcanic explosion.

Flood Basalts. These are areas that are built up by huge flows of lava.

Creation and Noah's Flood.
The events that caused global mass extinctions, must have occurred at the flood. Or it is possible that some of what we see is evidence of the forces at work during the first two days of creation.

Pangea: The Breaking Of The Continent

» Ring of Fire. It was created by the compression of the Asian and American continents as they moved in opposite directions and compressed the space between.
Notice that it is located on the edges of Pangaea.
» Western American Continent. The South American plates probably have more stress fractures because the continent moved a greater distance relative to North America.

Crater

Location

Width (Km)

Sudbury

Ontario

-

250

Manicouagan

Quebec

100

Chesapeake Bay

Maryland

-

90

Beaverhead

Montana

-

60

Charlevoix

Quebec

-

54

Montagnais

Nova Scotia

-

45

Saint Martin

Manitoba

-

40

Carswell

Saskatchewan

-

39

Clearwater West

Quebec

-

36

Manson

Iowa

-

35

Chicxulub

Yucatan

170

Araguainha

Brazil

-

40

Wilkes Land

Antarctica

484

Vredefort

Africa

-

300

Eltanin

Southern Ocean

40

Ewing?

Pacific

150

Bedout High

Australia

180

Tookoonooka

Australia

-

55

Woodleigh

Australia

40

Yarrabubba

Australia

-

30

Teague

Australia

-

30

Popigai

Russia

100

Puchezh-Katunki

Russia

-

85

Kara

Russia

-

65

Kara-Kul

Tajikistan

-

52

Siljan

Sweden

-

52

Mjølnir

Norway

-

40

Boltysh

Ukraine

-

24

Ries

Germany

-

24

Rochechouart

France

-

23

Lappajärvi

Finland

-

23

Possible impact sites at the flood

About 140-170 impact craters have been found on land and few in the ocean (Eltanin, Ewing and Bedout).

The flood began when the fountains of the sea "burst open" and it rained for 40 days.
... all the fountains of the great deep burst open, and the floodgates of the sky were opened.
(Genesis 7: 11)
We suspect that a large projectile cracked the foundations of the earth.

Large Object From Space
This object could have been a comet, meteor or asteroid struck the earth, tilted it and broke the foundations.
Water under pressure poured out on to the earth in a giant tsunami and it caused it to flood and rain.
There are several current craters that could have been caused at that time, but the meteors that broke the plates of the earth are probably buried in the sea.
Several strategically placed objects could have broken the plates and separated the land mass.
We can use what we have to make a guess about the location of the possible points of separation.

Pacific Ocean. The Philippine plate. Bedout and Woodleigh in western Australia and Ewing in the western Pacific ocean.

Eastern American Continent. Chicxulub. Or an object cracks the Caribbean, African and North American plate.

South West American Continent. The Pacific plate cracked and the continent became more mobile when the Nazca, Scotia and Cocos plates formed.

South Pole. Eltanin, Wilkes Land. Separates four continents.

North Pole. Popigai. Separates Asia from America at Greenland.

Verneshot: Large Object From A Volcanic Explosion
There is another theory that does not conflict with the bible.
A catastrophic gas explosion that is caused by pressure from a stream of lava building up under a thick chunk of rock (craton). A supervolcano.
The blast causes an earthquake of magnitude 11 and throws large chunks of rocks which form craters where they land.
They believe that this blast occurred in the Deccan Traps of India and that it caused the Chicxulub crater.
» A Circular Debris Pattern.
If you look at the map above you will notice that the large craters seem to be in a circle with the focus in India. The force of the blast was in the direction of North America. Most of them landed in Canada, and more debris fell within that triangle than in any other place.
The rocks missed the Middle East where the ark was located. The debris that was thrown into the air that would have caused a nuclear winter
was washed away in the global rain that lasted for forty days.

The Science Of Carbon Dating.
Pangea and the possible location of some asteroid impacts actually verify what we believe about the cause of the flood and the effects.
We believe that the earth is 6000 years old, therefore we do not believe in the millions of years between events that is the basis of current scientific belief.
So how do we reconcile those long periods of time and the timeline proposed by carbon dating?
Carbon dating can give a difference of ages of millions of years for different parts of the same body.
Also, any sample that is carbon dated will be affected if the object has been submerged in water, because water changes the rate of decay of carbon 14!
This is what we claim happened in the flood when the entire planet was submerged and subjected to forces that broke the foundations of the earth.
Also, slight changes in the speed of light can also cause such enormous changes in radioactive decay so that dates calculated at millions of years are reduced to thousands of years.
The speed of light is decreasing.
But can all these events happen in less than 6000 years?

Craters.
So we see these craters as recent events. Some might be the objects that helped to break up the land.
Others might have fallen on a softened earth and made larger craters. Other evidence might be washed away into the sea.
One large object from space might have triggered the process. When it smashed into the earth, it tilted the planet, put pressure on the
mantle and made the internal stress that caused the verneshots.

Continental Drift. The soft continents could have moved 4000 miles in 400 years. This is less movement than an earthquake.
However, the current configuration of the continents could have formed when the land between them was submerged under the ocean.

Ark Science. We also show how all the species could have been loaded on the Ark with room to spare!

The nation will exist at the end of time. But the original, ancient city will never be rebuilt. Alexander the Great and Saddam Hussein have tried to rebuild it. It was also known as Sumer, the Land of the Chaldees and the Akkadian people

Persia (Parthia)

Iran

The nation will exist at the end of time, but not as a significant empire.

Media

Iran

Thrace

Greece

The nation will exist at the end of time, but not as a significant empire. The ancient Greeks were also known by the name Javan and Macedonians.

Rome

Italy

The original empire will be divided until the end of time

Gaul

France

Would be the source of a demonic doctrine. Causes the fall of the church

Ships of Kittim invade the Roman empire. Kittim might be a word that refers to any rampaging evil empire

Edom, Moab and Ammon

Jordan

Will escape destruction in the last wars, but will be defeated when it attacks Israel

Israel (The Levant)

Israel

Will accept the Messiah during a time of great conflict

Aram, Assyria

Syria

The land is part of the New Jerusalem

Nubia, Cush

Sudan

Will pay homage to God

Philistia

Gaza

Not prophesied

Khorason

Afghanistan and West Pakistan

Ten lost tribes exiled here

Bactria (Balkh)

Afghanistan

Not prophesied

Bharata

India

Not prophesied

Scandinavia

Norway, Sweden, Finland

Not prophesied

Nubia

Egypt-Sudan

Not prophesied

The Birth Of Empires

Century

Africa

Europe

Middle East

Asia

America

West

East

North

West

Holy Land

Persia

India

Chinese

Russia

North

South

3300-1500

West

Kush

Egypt

Minoan

Levant - Mesopotamia

Dasyus

Xia

-

-

-

1500 BC

Tribal

Kush

Egypt

Tribal

Israel

Medes Persia

Sakas

Shang (Yin)

Tribes

Tuniit

Clovis

Olmec

721-605BC

Egypt, Nubian

Assyrian

Magadha

Zhou

Tuniit

Olmec

605-586BC

Babylon

539-334BC

-

Persian (Achaemenid)

Nanda

Zhou Qin

334-197BC

Tribal

-

(Ptolemy) Greek (Seleucid)

Mauryan

197BC-70

Roman

Parthian

Indo-Greek

Han

Hopewell

Maya, Nazca

70AD-224

Aksum

Roman

KunindaKushan

224-476

Barbarian Invasion

Sassanid

Kushan

476-630

Egypt, Numidia

Catholic Bishops

Byzantine

Gupta

Sui

Khazaria

Thule, Pueblo

Maya, Zapotec

632-661

Rashidun

660-750

Ghana

Umayyad

Prathihara

Tang

Hohokam

Maya, Chaco

750-1000

Abbasid

Pala

Kiev Rus

1000-1200

Mali

Fatimid

Holy Roman Empire

Seljuk

Abbasid

Solanki Sena

Song, W. Xia, Jin

Kiev Rus

Anasazi

Toltec

1200-1250

Mali, Kilwa, GreatZimbabwe, Songhay

Ayyubid

Seljuk Sultan of Rum

Delhi Sultanate

Yuan (Mongol)

Inuit Cahokia

Inca

1250-1300

Mamluk

1300-1400

Ottoman

AbbasidTimurid

Ming

Duchy of Moscow (Muscovy)

Inca Aztec

1400-1500

Pueblo

Slaves

New World

1500-1800

BritainPortugual

Ottoman

Safavid

MughalMaratha

Quing

Romanov

Britain, France

Spain, Portugual

1800-1922

Britain, France

Qajar

Britain

Quing

1933-1945

Democracy Republic

Nazi

Islam

Communism

Democracy Republic

1947-1981

Islam

Islam

1981-Now

Jewish

Areas under Christian or Jewish influence who were exposed to the gospel and people of God

Christian

Muslim

Areas under Muslim influence

Hindu

At its peak, the Indian empire stretched from Bangladesh to Afghanistan. But Islam converted the west

Buddhist

Areas under Buddhist influence

Symbols

Democracy
Communism
Islam

The Empires In The Prophecies Of Daniel.
People ask why Bible prophecy did not include many great civilizations.
The primary reason is that the prophecies monitor civilizations who affect the people of God.
But an examination of the chart above also shows that many of the other great civilizations organized themselves after the
world empires of the Bible. And they were really still decentralized, feudal systems.
So Daniel was even true on a global scale. After the Roman empire, the world fractured into many strong and weak kingdoms.
After this many great civilizations emerged.

Modern Empires

Empires

British

European

Spanish

French

Portuguese

Chinese (Quing Dynasty)

Other

Russian

The modern empires of the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries were mostly made by the strong members of the Roman empire.
The British empire eventually absorbed the Ottoman empire.

Trading Route

Location and Products

Silk Road

1

A trading route which extended from China to Constantinople. It included several routes over land and sea

Vikings

2

The Vikings conquered Russia by sailing from the Baltic to the Black Sea through the Russian river systems

Triangle Slave Trade

3A

 Slaves were shipped from West and South East Africa to the North and South American continent.

3B

 Sugar, tobacco, cotton and other products of slave labor were shipped to Europe from America.

3C

 Other manufactured goods were taken from Europe to be used to trade for slaves.

Global

Today our global trading routes are driven by the need for energy in the form of oil, gas and coal. These are mostly in the Middle East. See the list of energy reserves by country below.

Ancient Perception Of The World

Empire

Period

Land

Population

GDP

Km2

%Earth

Million

%

$Billion

British

1583-1945

33.7

22.63%

458

20.0%

$918.7

Mongol

1206-1368

24.0

16.11%

110

25.6%

$257.7

Spanish

1516-1899

20.0

13.43%

68.2

12.3%

$

Qing

1644-1912

14.7

9.87%

432.2

36.6%

$241.3

Russian

1721-1917

23.7

15.91%

176.4

9.8%

$

Umayyad

661-750

13.0

8.73%

62

29.5%

$

Roman

27BC-476AD /1453

6.5

4.36%

65-88

29.2-39.5%

$

Old Persian

550-330BC

8.75

5.85%

49.4

20%

$

French

1534-1980

13.0

8.73%

112.9

5.1%

$234.1

Italian

1861-1914

3.8

2.55%

51.9

2.3%

$143.4

Portuguese

1415-1912

10.4

6.98%

12.6

%

$

Nazi Germany

1933-1945

6.4

4.30%

75.4

%

$375.6

Macedonia

800-146 BC

5.2

3.49%

-

%

$

Ottoman

1299-1923

5.2

3.49%

39

7.10%

$26.4

» Sea Of Darkness. The ocean was populated with dragons.
» American Continent. It was discovered in 1492, but people believed that they were on the west shores of India (West Indies) until the theory of a new continent emerged in 1504.
» Flat Earth. Most people believed the earth was flat.

Lydian

1200-546BC

0.5

.336%

-

%

$

Neo-Babylonian

626-539BC

0.5

.336%

-

%

$

Aztec

1428-1521

0.22

.148%

-

%

$

The Old World. This is a map of what people in the fifteenth century thought the world looked like. The American continent was missing and nobody dared to cross the sea of darkness which was populated with monsters.
» Tordesillas Line (1493). Pope Alexander VI's line dividing the earth between Spain (west) and Portugal (east hemisphere).

Egypt

The Pyramids.
Egypt has over 90 major pyramids built between 2600-1500BC.
The vast majority are found in the north, in the Nile delta region.
They are all located on the west bank of the Nile.
The most famous are the structures found at Giza, built during the fourth dynasty.

The Great Pyramid (Khufu). It is the only surviving structure of the seven wonders of the ancient world. See a map of the seven wonders.

Khafre. Son of Khufu, grandson of Sneferu

Menkaure. Son of Khafre.

The Sphinx. Half lion and half man.

Israel.
Israel lived in the land of Goshen during a prosperous period of many building projects.
They probably built some of the pyramids.

Nubia.
This is the kingdom which is south of Egypt. They have over 180 pyramids. Many are small buildings.

The Nile is the longest river in the world (6825 Km).
It flows from Africa to the Mediterranean Sea through two main tributaries which meet in Khartoum, Sudan.
Blue Nile. Its head waters are in Lake Tana in Ethiopia.
White Nile. The most distant head waters are in the Nyungwe Forests of Rwanda. They and many feeder rivers flow to Lake Victoria then to Lake Albert.

The Exodus.
Israel escaped from Egypt by crossing the Red sea at the northern tip, during the reign of either Amenhotep 1 or his son Tutmoses 1.
Nefure was the daughter of Tutmoses 1 who rescued Moses. She became queen Hatshepsut.
They lived in Egypt from about the twelfth dynasty to the eighteenth.
They wandered through the desert and eventually arrived in Palestine after forty years.
It is a trip that should have taken two or three months.

History: Alexander the Great.
After Alexander conquered Egypt in 331BC, he was guided by ravens as he crossed the desert to visit the temple of Amon-Ra.
There he wanted to know if he was the son of God like other pharaohs. He was made pharaoh by the Egyptians.
He also built the city of Alexandria in his honor.

History: Napoleon.
When the French conquered Egypt in 1798, they blew the nose off the Sphinx when they used it for target practice.
They found the Rosetta stone, blasted the circular zodiac out of the temple in Dendera carried many Egyptian objects to their museums in France.

The Empire of Assyria

The Hittites invaded the north regions of Assyria and assimilated into the region.
The Ten Lost Tribes.
In 722 BC the Assyrian empire, under King Shalmaneser V and Sargon II, captured the northern kingdom of Israel, destroyed the capital in Samaria and took away ten tribes and their priests to Khorason.
They became known as the ten lost tribes.
The Jews".
Only the tribes of Judah and Benjamin and their priests remained in the south and became "the Jews".
They would be taken into exile by Babylon in 586BC.

This empire is not described in any of the prophecies relating to the distant future end of time.
This is because the experience of the ten "lost tribes" did not become a model of the church of God at the end of time.

Hittites (1295 BC)

Assyrian (800 BC)

Assyrian (600 BC)

Israel (North) 10 Tribes

Judah (South) 2 Tribes

The Empire of Babylon

Routes :

Hebrew Captives (605 BC)

Hebrew Captives (586 BC)

Desert Route (605 BC)

Babylon controlled Israel for seventy years (609-539 BC).
» 605. Daniel taken captive. Nabopolassar died and Nebuchadnezzar returned to Babylon by a short route across the desert.
» 597. More captives. Ezekiel and Jehoiachin
» 588-586.
Siege of Jerusalem. Solomon's temple in Jerusalem destroyed.
Zedekiah and other captives taken.

This is the empire described as the head of gold and the lion with wings in prophecy.
Babylon became a model of the circumstances at the end of time because
it will destroy the religion of God and the church will be rescued by God from a similar captivity.

The Medo-Persian Empire

The Medo-Persian empire ruled from 539 BC to 331 BC. It defeated three nations:

 Lydia. 547 BC.
 Babylon. 539 BC.
 Egypt. 538 BC.

The leader was Cyrus the Great. He allowed the Jewish captives to go home with their sacred objects.
He respected all religions and people and rebuilt the religious temples of the gods and freed all exiles.
In the time of Christ, this empire was known as the Parthian empire.

This was prophesied as a bear with three ribs in its mouth.

The Greek Empire

The bronze empire, that was also described as a leopard with four wings.
It ruled from 331 BC to 168 BC under the leadership of Alexander the Great. He defeated Darius III of Persia.
The Greeks defeated Persia in three decisive battles.
 Battle of Granicus (334 BC).
 Battle of Issus (333 BC).
 Battle of Arbela (Gaugamela). 1 October 331 BC. One million Persians against 50,000 Greeks.

 Siege of Tyre (332 BC). 7 months
 Egypt (spring 331 BC). Temple of Amon-Ra
 Battle of Hydaspes (326 BC). The last battle was against King Porus and an Indian elephant corp

The Hellespont (Dardanelles) is the location where Alexander crossed from Macedonia to Asia Minor in 334 BC with his chief officers Antigonus, Ptolemy and Seleucus and an army of 35,000 Macedonians and 7,600 Greeks to begin his war against Darius III and Persia

Alexander the great, was described as a "notable horn" which was broken into four horns

The Divisions Of The Greek Empire

The Greek Empire lasted from 331 BC to 168 BC.
The kingdom was divided among his generals, the diadochi.
But they fought among themselves for the kingdom.
 Battle of Ipsus 301 BC.
Antigonus attempted to reunite Alexander's empire under his control. He invaded Egypt, but his forces and those of his son Demetrius were defeated.
Antigonus was killed.
Asia Minor was taken by Lysimachus.
 Battle of Corupedion 281 BC. Lysimachus was defeated by Seleucus I.

 Battle of Raphia/Gaza 217 BC. Ptolemy IV defeats Antiochus III.

4 Divisions

Location

Years

Conquerer

2 Divisions

Roman

Battle

West

Cassander

Greece, Macedonia

321-168

Lysimachus (288)

North

Aemilius Paullus

Pydna (168)

North

Lysimachus

Thrace, Asia Minor

323-281

Seleucus (281)

Pompey (63 BC)

-

East

Seleucus

Syria, Babylon, Persia

312-63

Ptolemy Ceraunus

Pompey (63 BC)

-

South

Ptolemy

Egypt, Palestine

323-30

-

South

Octavian (31 BC)

Actium

Alexander the Great died June 11, 323BC leaving a half brother Arridaeus (Philip II) and a pregrant queen Roxanne and Perdiccas, a commander Alexander had named as his successor.
After the death of Alexander without an heir, the Greek empire was eventually divided among four successors.
Ptolemy, Seleucus and Lysimachus were his generals and Cassander was the son of his general Antipater.
After a while, the empire was reduced to a northern and southern kingdom.

Diadochi Wars.
South. The Greeks started a new dynasty of kings (Ptolemies) in Egypt. They were defeated in the battle of Actium in 31 BC.
North. The generals in the north were at war.

Lysimachus. In 288 BC, Lysimachus allied with Pyrrhus of Epirus and invaded Macedonia then he expelled Pyrrhus in 285. Now he controlled Greece, Macedonia, Thrace and Asia Minor.

Seleucus 1 Nicantor. In 281 BC, he killed Lysimachus in the battle of Corupedion. Now everything except Egypt belonged to him, but not for long.

Roman Conquest.
Aemilius Paullus. In 168 BC, He defeated Perseus in the Battle of Pydna and the Greek kingdom came under Roman rule.
Attalus III. In 133 BC, Asia Minor was willed to Rome by Attalus. In 63 BC Pompey ended all rebellion against Rome.
Pompey. In 63 BC, he conquered Asia Minor, Syria and Palestine.
Mark Anthony and Cleopatra. In 31 BC, they were defeated by Octavian (Augustus Caesar) in the battle of Actium.

 Battle of Chalons (451 AD). June 20. Western Rome defeats the Huns in Gaul.
The Huns never establish a lasting kingdom.

The prophecy stated that the Messiah would die during the rule of this empire.
It also described two kings that would rule during His life, Augustus Caesar and Tiberius Caesar.

Roman Empire. These German tribes migrated into the Roman empire after the Huns chased them from their homes.
Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals, Burgundians, Lombards, Franks and Suevi.
Germany. These German tribes stayed in Germany. Saxons, Alemanni, Thuringians and Rugians.
These old tribal areas became the stem duchies when Germany separated into East Francia.
England. By 410 Britain was deserted by the Romans who were struggling with the Goths and Huns. So the Angles and Saxons went to assist the Celts and defeated the Picts and Scots who were invading Celtic Britain. But they eventually stayed and occupied the country.
Heruli. They were Norsemen from Scandinavia. Some may be mixed with the Scyrri.
Others. Alans - Iranian people who were not from the Germanic tribes.

Europe - The Ten Divisions

The northern border of the Roman empire was the Danube and Rhine river, the Carpathian mountains and the Black Sea.

Tribe

European Nation

Franks

France

Allemanni

Germany

Lombards

Italy

Suevi

Portugal

Anglo-Saxons

England

Burgundians

Switzerland

Visigoths

Spain

Heruli

Destroyed (493)

Vandals

Destroyed (534)

Ostrogoths

Destroyed (538)

The Lombards migrated to Italy after the Heruli and Ostrogoths were removed.
These are the ten toes of the statue and the ten horns of the beast in the prophecies of Daniel

The Club of Rome is a global think tank founded in April 1968 at Accademia dei Lincei in Rome by Italian industrialist Aurelio Peccei and Alexander King, a Scottish scientist.
Their mission is to maintain a thorough interest in environment and resources, globalization, world development, social transformation and peace and security.
They are best known for two reports.
The first book "Limits to Growth" in 1972 was produced by a group of MIT researchers who examined the future evolution of the global economy.
They concluded that unless specific measures were taken, the world’s economy would likely collapse in the 21st century by a combination of resource depletion, overpopulation, and growing pollution.
On September 17, 1973, they released a report called the "Regionalized and Adaptive Model of the Global World System". It revealed the Club’s goal of dividing the world into ten political/economic regions called kingdoms which unite the world under a single form of government.
The kingdoms appear to be based on cold war era divisions, religion, politics, race, power and oil in an attempt to keep the economic status quo and balance of power. It is a new attempt at colonialism.

South Africa. Was it placed with Australia because at that time it was a white-ruled government?

Israel. Notice the attempts to find a group for Israel. Even the French have suggested that Israel become a part of the EU.

Mexico. It is now part of North America and Canada probably because of their oil reserves, although they culturally fit better with South America.

Japan. There is no reason for Japan to be an economic kingdom by itself unless Japan was too wealthy at that time to be considered a part of any of the the other surrounding kingdoms and the west could not see wealthy Japan as part of communist China.

If it follows the prophetic pattern of the original ten divisions of Rome, then three of these divisions will be absorbed by another, leaving seven.
However, this could occur in the final year or month on earth.

Roman Provinces

#

Old Name

Region

1

Italia

Italy

2

Sicily

Sicily

3

Corsica

Corsica

3

Sardinia

Sardinia

5a

Achaea

Greece

5b

Epirus

Greece

5c

Macedonia

Greece

20

Thracia

Bulgaria

14

Moesia

Romania

18

Dacia

Romania

23

Noricum

Austria

22

Raetia

Switzerland

21a

Dalmatia

Yugoslavia Croatia Bosnia

21b

Illyricum

15

Pannonia

Hungary

16

Armenia

Armenia

7

Asia (Pergamum)

Turkey

8a

Bithynia

Turkey

8b

Pontus

Turkey

31

Lycia

Turkey

32

Pamphylia

Turkey

33

Armenia Inferior

Turkey

34

Galatia

Turkey

35

Cappadocia

Turkey

36

Lycaonia

Turkey

37

Cilicia

Turkey

38

Pisidia

Turkey

39

Commagene

Turkey

30

Cyprus

Cyprus

29

Cyrenacia and Creta

Crete

40

Colchis (Lazica)

Georgia

41

Crimea

Moldova

44

Langobardi, Cherusci, Sugambri

Germany

Byzantine and Southern Roman Empire

#

Old Name

Region

13

Aegyptus

Egypt

24

Cyrenaica

Libya

11

Numidia

Algeria, Libya

6

Africa (Carthage)

Tunisia

25

Mauretania

Algeria, Morocco

10

Judea Palestina

Israel

26

Arabia Petraea

Jordan

9

Syria

Syria, Lebanon

27

Sophene

Syria

28

Osroene

Syria

42

Mesopotamia

Iraq

43

Assyria

Iraq (Kurd)

16

Armenia

Armenia, Iran

Some kingdoms were left to the Roman Empire as an inheritance.
Cyrenacia, Bithynia and Pergamum (Asia)

Western Roman Empire (Europe)

#

Old Name

Region

4a

Tarraconensis

Hispania

Spain

4b

Baetica

Spain

4c

Baleares

Spain

4d

Lusitania

Portugal

12a

Narbonensis

Gallia (Gaul)

France

12b

Aquitania

France

12c

Lugdunensis

France

12d

Belgica

Belgium

12e

Alpes Penninae

France

12f

Alpes Cottiae

France

12g

Alpes Maritimae

Monaco

19a

Germania Superior

Germany

19b

Germania Inferior

Germany

17a

Britannia

England

17b

Caledonia

Scotland

17c

Hibernia

Ireland

The African and Middle East nations are not in the European Union.

Only these seven regions contained armies from Christ until about 114 A.D. They were the centers of power at His birth.

Hitler and Charlemagne were one of many who tried to unite Europe and recreate the old Roman empire.
Prophecy states that the divisions of the Roman empire (Europe and the Byzantine empire) will never unite to form another Roman Empire.
It specifically mentions attempts to unite through families.

Time

Method

Leader

Result

538-1798

Religion

Popes and kings

Successful religious union by force for western empire from 538-1798.

768-814

War

Charlemagne

Region of France, Germany and Italy (Holy Roman Empire)

936-973

War

Otto I the Great

Unsuccessful political union. Germany, north Italy. He was able to promote church and state union but he did not unite the territory of the old Roman empire.

1294-1328

War

Charles IV

Unsuccessful political union.

1300-1922

War

Ottoman Turks

Turkey, eastern Europe and Middle East influence.

1643-1715

War

Louis XIV

Unsuccessful political union.

1795-1812

War

Napoleon

Unsuccessful political union. Britain and most of the Holy Roman empire escaped

1866-1871

War

Bismark

German unification. Prussian who wanted to unite Germany. Prussia, north and south Germany, France (Lorraine, Alsace)

538-1918

Marriage

Queen Victoria

European Royalty

Unsuccessful political union even though European royal families were related. Carlos 1 of Spain and Queen Victoria of England were two examples.

Queen Victoria was called the "Grandmother of Europe" because she successfully married her nine children to many royal families. But political unity was elusive. Prophecy predicts an unsuccessful union by marriage.

1914

War

Kaiser Wilhelm

Unsuccessful political union in World War 1. Germany, Belgium, Prussia

1940s

War

Adolph Hitler and Mussolini

Unsuccessful political union in World War 2. Most of the European continent were either allies or directly occupied, there were allies in parts of North Africa. But England, Switzerland, Spain, Egypt, Palestine and most of the far eastern Roman Empire were not captured. Mussolini invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia)

2001

Economy

European Union

Successful economic union of parts of the Roman empire. Prophecy does not support a political union under one government, but it does support a religious union under the church.

2005

Political

The union is now in doubt as France and the Netherlands rejected the constitution in 2005. Prophecy remains true.

Several attempts have been made to unite Europe. None have achieved the unity present
under the Roman empire during the reign of the Caesars.
Various attempts to unite the nations included war, marriage between the royal houses, religion and the latest attempt at an economic union.

For a long period there was a successful but turbulent union with the church. But the nations (notably Britain and France)
were constant enemies. There has never been a successful political union under one ruler since the Caesars.
All attempts have failed. Britain seems to be the country that continues to escape.
Prophecy says that there never will be a successful political union under one ruler.
At least not one that will last.

Attempts To Unite The World Languages

Distribution Of Languages

Babel. God scattered the language at Babel but every world empire has imposed a common language on the conquered people.
The distribution of language and writing scripts is clearly seen in the official and common languages of many conquered nations hundreds of years later.

The source of much of the world languages is Europe
(Greece, Rome, Britain, Spain, France and Portugal).
Islam spread Arabic.

Walls.
» Murus Romuli ("Wall of Romulus"). Built by Romulus to protect the Palatine Hill.
» Servian. A 12 ft (3.6m) wide defensive wall around Rome built in the fourth century BC.
» Aurelian (271-275). Built by emperors Aurelian and Probus.

Campus Martius (Field of Mars). A plain in the north west of Rome where military training was held.

Roman Forum.
Located in the valley between the Capitoline and Palatine hills which held the important government buildings.
» Regia. The residence of the Roman kings and the office of the Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the Roman religion.
» Temple of Vesta. A round temple with the entrnce facing east.
» House of the vestal Virgins. The home of the priestesses of Vesta. It was once the house of the Pontifex Maximus.
» Palladium. A statue of Athena (Minerva). It was an image of great antiquity on which the safety of a city depended.
» Arch Of Titus.
South east of the forum was a monument built after the Romans defeated the Jews in 70 AD. It depicts the menorah and other spoils of war taken by the Romans.
The money and treasure stolen was also used to build the Coliseum.

Water 11 Aqueducts carried water, usually to public baths.
» Thermae. Public baths built 212-216 AD

Temples. The city was full of temples dedicated to various gods.
» Pantheon (126 AD). A temple which had statues of all the gods of ancient Rome arranged in a circle around the building
» Templum Divii. Temples erected for the people who were deified.
Templum Divii Claudii who was deified in 54 AD, Templum Divii Romulii, Templum Divii Caesaris,
and Templum Divii Iulii (Temple of Caesar) 29 BC, dedicated to Julius Caesar.
Entertainment And Public Life» Circus. A stadium for mass entertainment and chariot racing like the Greek Hippodrome.
» Circus Maximus. Holds 150,000 spectators. Located in the valley between the Palatine and Aventine hills.
» Coliseum (Flavian Ampitheatre) [72-80 AD].
It was an arena which seated 50,000 spectators to entertain the public. It was used for gladiator combats. Armed combatants fight each other, wild animals and condemned criminals such as Christians.
» Naumachia. A field where ancient land or sea battles and victories were reenacted using prisoners condemned to death. Caesar created the first in 46 BC. It was bloodier than gladiator sports.
Vatican City. Located west of the Tiber in the north west of Rome.
Established 1929, it is the smallest independent state. 110 acres, 836 population, army (Swiss guard), currency.

The United States Expansion

Empires

Dates

States

British

1776-90

13 Colonies

Tribes

1787

Northwest Territory

Tribes

1795

Yazoo Land (AL, MS)

French

1803

Louisiana Purchase

Mexico

1819

Florida

Mexico

1846-47

Texas, California

Spanish

1819-90

Oregon Country

Russia

1867

Alaska

Hawaii

1898

Hawaii

Important Routes to the West

Dates

Louis and Clark

1804

Trail of Tears (East to Oklahoma)

1838

Oregon Trail

-

Transcontinental Railroad

1869

Route 66

1950's

The United States expanded from the Atlantic to the Pacific by taking over or buying the territories of other empires.
 The Native Americans were driven off their land and forced to move to reservations or walk to Oklahoma.
 Louisiana purchase from France for $15 million. France was in debt after the revolution.
 (Adams-Onis Treaty). Florida is given up by Spain. We paid $5 million.
 Texas is taken after the Mexican war.
 Mexico surrenders California and the Mexican Territory after the Bear Flag Rebellion.
 Alaska was purchased from Russia for $7.2 million.
Mississippi River. This river runs from northern Montana to New Orleans along the eastern border of the Louisiana purchase territory. It is an important trade route that is a link to some of the major rivers which carry grain cargo and the oil from the Gulf of Mexico and cargo from foreign ships at the port in Louisiana.

Tornado Alley. An area in the Great Plains of the central United States that is mostly west of the Mississippi river, between the Rocky Mountains in the west and the Appalachian Mountains in the east. It generates the most tornadoes at the front where the warm air masses from the gulf of Mexico and the polar air from Canada collide during the tornado season (March to September).
The states in this region are east Colorado and east Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, South West Minnesota, West Kentucky and West Tennessee.

Fault Lines. There are four major fault zones in the continental United States and one in Alaska.

San Andreas Fault. The active fault is located in California at the boundary of the Pacific and North American plates is 816 miles (1300 km) long.

New Madrid Fault. It is a 120 mile (191 km) fault located in 5 states between Memphis and St. Louis and has produced some of the strongest earthquakes.

Ramapo Fault. This is a 70 mile (112 km) fault located in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. It was last active in 1884 with a 5.2 earthquake. There is also a fault line running east to west along 125th street from the Hudson to the East river.

Cascadia Subduction Zone. This fault zone in the Pacific northwest is located out in the ocean off the shores of Washington and Oregon.

Denali Fault. This active fault is located in Alaska.

Other Zones.
There have also been earthquakes in South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and Washington DC.

§ Eurozone countries (Euroland 2004). These have completed their currency conversion on January 1, 2002.

Division By Religion (Thirteenth Century)

Western Rome.Catholic.
After the division of the Roman empire into a western and eastern part, each came under the dominance of one religion.
In the West, the bishop of Rome with the help of the European governments worked to make Roman Catholicism the state religion.

Byzantine Empire.Islam.
However, in the east the Byzantine empire came under the attack of the invading Turks and the Moslem religion became dominant.
Eastern Orthodox.
The surviving Christian religion in those regions became the Eastern Orthodox, Armenian and the Coptic church.

Roman Catholic

Eastern Orthodox

Islam

Pagan

Buddhist

Hindu

Judaism

Coptic

Animist

Protestant Distribution

Germany.
The Lutherans were mostly in northern Germany and Scandinavia.

France.
The Protestants were mostly in the south of France, northern Italy, northern Spain and even in southern Italy.

Eastern Europe.
Bohemia and Moravia were 80% Hussites before they were killed.

Spain.
Protestantism never really gained ground in Spain because of the Spanish Inquisition.

Huguenot

Albigenses

Waldenses

Hussites

Lutheran

Anabaptist

Anglican (Episcopal)

This map is an approximate distribution of Protestants in the sixteenth century.
It was created from the descriptions of where these people operated.
So it is not an adequate map of boundaries but as a map that shows spheres of influence.

The 10/40 Window

The 10/40 window, or the "resistant belt", covers the region that has the least amount of Christians.
It is located between ten degrees north and 40 degrees north of the equator. Most of the Moslem, Hindu and Buddhist people reside in this region.
This region poses the last obstacle in fulfilling the "Great Commission".
This task is the last sign before the end of the world.
Unfortunately, prophecy predicts two simultaneous efforts to reach the world.

The Gospel must be preached to all the world as a witness to all the nations
and then the end will come. (Matthew 24: 14)

The Islamic Caliphates

Invasions» Crusaders
» Turks
» Mongols

Arabia-North Africa

Egypt

Berber (Sunni)

Persian (Shia)

Turkish (Sunni)

» Rashidun (632-661)
» Umayyad (661-750)
» Abbasid (750-1517)

 Fatimid (909-1171)
» Ayyubid (1171-1341)
» Mamluk (1250-1570)

» Cordoba (756-1031)
» Almoravid (1040-1147)
» Almohad (1121-1269)

 il-khanate (1256-1335)
» Timurid (1370-1526)
 Safavid (1501-1736)

» Seljuk (1037-1194)
» Ottoman (1299-1923)

Modern Middle East

Regional Oil, Gas and Coal Reserves

Location

Oil

Gas

Coal

Middle East

743.41

2585.40

462

Eastern Europe

79.22

1964.09

279,778

North America

213.05

265.08

279,506

South America

103.36

250.84

21,928

Africa

102.58

485.84

55,486

Asia Pacific

35.94

391.66

327,264

Western Europe

14.99

189.26

36,389

Strategic Petroleum Reserve

0.70

0

0

Most of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are located in the Middle East.

Daily Consumption.
The U.S. consumes about 20 million barrels (3 million m3) of petroleum every day.
This is about 25% of the daily world consumption of 80 million barrels.
China and India are experiencing energy consumption, economic growth and pollution rates at a faster pace than anticipated.
Therefore, the energy reserves, global warming pollutants and energy crisis wars are expected much sooner.

Global Reserves.
There are about 1212.88 billion barrels of global oil reserves in the known fields and about 1900 billion barrels if new fields are added.
Therefore, at present rates of consumption, the proven reserves will last only 41.5 years or 65 years if the predicted new fields are found.
That is 2044 or 2069.

Strategic Petroleum Reserves. Since the 1973 oil crisis, the USA has created an underground reserve with the capacity to hold 700 million barrels (111 million m3) of crude oil.
It is 93% full and expected to be filled in March 2005. It is held at four sites in the Gulf of Mexico.
Big Hill and Byran Mound in Texas.
West Hackberry and Bayou Choctaw in Louisiana.

America's Shale Oil Revolution.
Since the summer of 2010, USA domestic crude oil production of Shale oil by fracking and horizontal drilling has reversed the decline in US oil production.
Production is expected to reach 10 bpd (billion barrels per day) by the end of 2015 matching the record set in 1970.
In summer 2014 the USA passed Saudi Arabia as the world's largest oil producer.
Canada also produces shale oil.

Heavy Oil. Thicker, high sulfur and heavy metal contamination that needs more refining. Found in the Orinoco region of Venezuela and probably in the Andes Mountain region down to Argentina.
Venezuela may have 1.20 trillion barrels.

Tar Sands, Oil Sands, Bitumen. About 10% oil mixed with sand and rock that must be mined and processed. Mostly found in two places, Athabasca tar sands of Alberta, Canada (1.8 trillion barrels). The Orinoco oil sands of Venezuela.
Two tons of rocks makes 1 barrel of oil!

Oil Shale. Fine grained rock mixed with an organic material called kerogen. Found in the United States, Brazil, India and Malagasy.
In the United States it is found in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and some parts of the east. It must be mined. There is also a new technology of heating the rocks to 650ºC and pumping the melted oil. It is estimated that there is 1 trillion barrels of oil.
But it needs three gallons of water for each gallon of oil and lots of electricity to recover. And a way must be found to protect the ground water from the recovery technology.
One ton of rocks makes 1 gallon of oil!

Since tar existed in Mesopotamia before the flood, the rapid burial of plants and animals is not the only source of oil.

Israel

Ancient Israel

Modern Israel

Jerusalem (Ancient).
It was the site of the ancient Jewish temples which were destroyed twice.
» Babylon. 586BC.
» Rome. 70AD.

Jerusalem (Modern).
The temple mount, or "the noble sanctuary" has the following structures.
» The Wailing Wall. Ruins of the Jewish temple destroyed in 70AD.
» Dome of the Rock. Islamic site built 687-691AD.
» Al-Aqsa Mosque. Islamic temple at the Dome of the Rock.

Geography.
Size.
The land of Israel is 290 miles (470 km) long from north to south and about 85 miles (135 km) across at its widest point between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean sea.
Borders. It is bordered by Lebanon in the north, Egypt in the southwest, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east and the Mediterranean Sea in the west.
Climate.
It has a temperate climate with much sunshine, and a rainy season from November to April producing 20-30 inches (50-75 cm) in the north and about an inch (about 3 cm) in the south.
Regional climatic conditions vary considerably:

Crusaders (1099-1291). Captured Jerusalem and had spotty influence over the region.

Mamluk-Islamic (1291-1516).

Ottoman-Islam (1517-1917).

British (1918-1948).

Modern State Of Israel (14 May 1948). Israel regains autonomy after 2670 years.

Jerusalem: United Nations International City

The 1947 United Nations resolution 181 proposes the following boundaries for the special regime of Jerusalem.
The City of Jerusalem shall include the present municipality of Jerusalem plus the surrounding villages and towns, the most eastern of which shall be Abu Dis; the most southern, Bethlehem; the most western, 'Ein Karim (including also the built-up area of Motsa); and the most northern Shu'fat.

The Exodus Journey

The Exodus is the forty year journey of Moses and the Jews (Israel) at the end of their 430 year slavery in Egypt until they crossed the Jordan river
into the Promised Land.

In the New Jerusalem, Levi replaces Dan and Joseph replaces Ephraim.
There are no special tribes of priests around the city, because all tribes that surround the city are priests.
We have an entire lesson on the sanctuary and the meaning of the symbols.

North and South : 20 pillars. West: 10 pillars East : 10 pillars and gate

Linen. 10 panels

28-4

560-80

1484-212

Goat's Hair. 11 panels

30-4

600-80

1590-212

Red Ram's skin

Probably 50-30

Porpoise skin

Probably 50-30

The Temples :
Two permanent temples were built in Jerusalem.

Solomon's Temple. It was built 490 years after the exodus and destroyed by Babylon in 586 BC.

Herod's Temple. It was started after the seventy year exile to Babylon was over and was finally completed years later when Herod did extensive remodeling that lasted 46 years.
It was destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D.

Now the Moslem mosque of Omar stands on the rock where these temples stood.

Top View of the Most Holy Place

Curtain

Poles

Columns

Boards

Boards to support side walls

Bars and Rings

Ark of the Covenant

Altar of Incense

Interesting Fact:
I created a scale model of the sanctuary and discovered that it was impossible to orient
the Ark of the Covenant with the poles aligned North to South as shown in most illustrations.
The distance between the columns was too narrow. The room was also too narrow. The ark could only be placed in the room if the poles and the long sides were aligned East to West.

So I did further research and found the following information about the ark.

Archaeology. The rectangular depression in the floor of the sanctuary where the ark stood for about 1000 years showed that it was oriented with the longest side east to west.
Archaeologist Leen Ritmeyer made these discoveries and published it in the January/February 1996 issue of the
Biblical Archeology Review Magazine.

The Long Poles. The width of the square room was nine cubits. Therefore, the poles were too long to fit north to south or east to west.
However, since the east side was not a solid wall, the poles could extend beyond the curtain. 1 Kings 8: 8.

1 Kings 8: 8. The Bible describes the ten cubit long poles of the ark as touching the curtain that separated the two rooms.

But the poles were so long that the ends of the poles could be seen from the Holy Place before the inner sanctuary, but they could not be seen outside.

Mathematics. The 1.5 cubit wide ark with the long poles on each of the long sides could be carried between the columns in only this configuration.
The entrance to the holy place was 2.25 cubits wide between the center of the columns and 3 cubits wide in the Most Holy Place.
So each column could be a least half a cubit wide and still allowed the ark to pass through.

Babylon (Babylonia) and The Holy Land

Mesopotamia The Land between the rivers (Euphrates and Tigris). It can be divided into several sections.
 Assyria. North
 Akkad. Center
 Sumer. South
 Babylonia. Akkad and Sumer
 Chaldea. South
 Land of Shinar. Babylon

Southern Mesopotamia was known as Babylon after Hammurabi's reign in 1792 BC.

The Center of Idolatry  Tower of Babel.
 Image of Gold.
 City of Babylon.

Modern PeopleModern Iraq is divided among three groups.
 Kurd. North (ethnic Sunni)
 Sunni. West (religious)
 Shia. South (religious)

Other Empires  Mitanni. Syria
 Hittite. Turkey

Sodom and Gomorrah. They were located near Zoar (Genesis 13: 10-11). Abraham could see the land in the east from his location near Bethel and Ai at the "oaks of Mamre".
The location is the best guess that I can find from all the maps and literature.
Hebron is apparently the same place as Mamre.

Abraham's Journey. Abraham traveled North from Ur in the Chaldees along the Euphrates and then South from Haran through Canaan to Egypt.
Most of these cities became cities of refuge by law. Numbers 35: 6. Genesis 11: 31-12:6.

The Fall Of Ancient Babylon

The Ancient City of Babylon

The ancient city of Babylon is sixty miles south west of Baghdad.
It is about 14 miles (22.5 km) on each side, surrounded by a moat.
The wall had 250 towers 450 feet high (37m) and it was 35 feet (10.7m) below ground.
The wall was 56 miles long (90 km), 300 feet high (91m) and 25 feet (7.6m) thick. A chariot could be driven on the wall.
There was a second wall 75 feet (23m) behind the first.

Two Possible Locations of the Tower of Babel.
 Ruins seven miles north of the city.
 Etemenanki (E-temen-an-ki). "The house that is the foundation of heaven and earth". It was a ziggurat made of seven terraces and eight towers. It was a cube 92 meters tall (300 feet).

Structures.
 Processional Way. The 70 feet (21.4m) wide road from the Ishtar gate to the Esagila. The walls were lined with lions.
 Palace. Near the Ishtar gate and the hanging gardens.
 Hanging Gardens. They may have been located in the palace complex next to the Processional Way.
 Esagila.
"The temple that raised its head", was the Babylonian name of the temple of Marduk. It was built at the center of the world as the axis of the universe.
It was either founded by the god Lugal-du-azaga or built by Marduk.
 Plains of Dura. It was where Nebuchadnezzar built the statue of gold for worship.

Gods and TemplesThere were 53 Temples and 180 altars to the goddess Ishtar.
Nine gates are named after the gods.

God

Gate

Comment

Marduk

East

The great god of Babylon. (Bel or Baal)

Zababa

East

Warrior god

Enlil (Ellil)

South

God of Earth and wind

Urash

South

Earth goddess

Shamash (Babbar, Utu)

South

Sun god

Adad

West

Storm or weather god

Lugalgirra

North

One of twin gods

Ishtar

North

Goddess of fertility

Sin (Nannar)

North

Moon god

Girra (Gibil)

-

Light and fire

The Ishtar Gate

Ninurta

-

War god

Ea

-

Water and wisdom. Father of Marduk

Nabu (Nebo)

-

Knowledge, writing, scribe of the gods

Gula

-

Homes, earth, health

Belit-Nina

-

Both names were applied to Ishtar

Ninmach

-

Mother goddess, creator

Tammuz

-

Fall season. Sun, vegetation, rebirth

Dagon

-

Underworld, fertility

The Persian Conquest.
Cyrus, the Persian king from the east, conquered the city on October 12, 539 BCE (Tishri 16) during an annual festival when everyone would be drinking and dancing.
He diverted the Euphrates in the north of the city and lowering the river up to the thighs.
Then the army entered under the gates through the river bed.
There were also walls on either side of the river running through the city.
These had 100 brass gates. 25 gates connected the city to the river, but the gates were left open.
If the gates had been closed the Persian army could only have marched from one end of the river to the other and never entered the city.

The Babylonians thought that they were secure and had stored enough food to last 20 years.
Cyrus divided the soldiers into three groups. He used some soldiers to dig a canal and divert the river into a marsh near by. He positioned other soldiers at the northern and southern regions of the city where the river flowed through the walls.
Gobryas (Ugbaru) the governor of Gutium defected to Cyrus and came with the troops.
Read the prophecy about the fall of Babylon.

Ishtar Gate.
The original blue Ishtar Gate, decorated with horses and dragons, is now in the Berlin Museum. Saddam Hussein rebuilt this gate as part of his failed efforts to rebuild the city of Babylon.
During the war in Iraq, American and Polish soldiers stayed at this ancient site and ruined the ancient artifacts.

Armageddon Forces

Israel and Armageddon

Prophecy

This is a map of the time when Israel is surrounded by her enemies.
It is a combination of Muslim, Jewish and Christian prophecies.
 Muslim prophecies.
 Christian prophecies.
The Preparation.
» Zechariah 12.
» Daniel 11: 44-45.

The War.
» New Jerusalem.
» Hamon-Gog.
The preparation for Armageddon will involve some conflict in the Middle East that will be a sign that there will be global persecution for the church.

Islamic Holy Sites.
» Mecca (Makkah). The holiest place on earth. Site of a building made by Abraham and Ishmael.
» Medina. Muhammad is buried here. It is the destination of the Hegira, his flight from persecution.
» Jerusalem. Muhammad ascended to heaven from this spot. Site of Jewish and Islamic temples.

Shi'a Holy Sites.
» Najaf. Shrine of the Imam Ali. The founder of Shi'a Muslims.
» Karbala. Shrine of the Imam Husain, grandson of Ali. Martyred in 680AD. A gate of Paradise.
» Samarra. Site of the Askariya Mosque ("Gold Dome Mosque") and shrine of the tenth and eleventh Imam (Ali al-Hadi and his son Hassan al-Haskari) and the cave where the twelfth imam (Madhi) disappeared and is still hiding.
» Kadhimiya. Shrine of the Imam Musa al-Kadhim, the seventh Imam.
» Jamkaran, Iran. Site of the holy well where Imam Madhi was seen in 947AD.
» Mashad, Iran. Shrine of Imam Reza, the eighth imam. He was poisoned.
» Qom, Iran. Shrine of the sister of Imam Reza.

Imam Madhi.
He is the twelfth imam who died and disappeared in 878AD and was seen at a well in Jamkaran, Iran in 947AD.
He is being kept alive by God and he is hidden. He will return at the end of time to bring justice to the world,
riding to battle on a white horse to prepare the way for the coming of Isa (Jesus).

On 7 June 1981, Israel destroyed the Iraqi nuclear facility at Osiraq near Baghdad.

The real war of Armageddon described in the Bible will be fought after the final judgment which is after the millennium.
In it, the forces of evil, led by Satan, attempt to fight against God and are immediately destroyed in hell fire.
Preparations for the war actually begin in the sixth plague when all the forces on the earth attempt to destroy the persecuted people of God.
They are interrupted when Jesus Christ rescues the saints at the Second Coming.
However, to understand other popular thinking and interpretation of prophecies I present this map.

The New Jerusalem

Map of The New Jerusalem
Zechariah 14 describes the map of the area.
The land will be changed.

Mount of Olives (Verse 4). This mountain will split and form a mountain range in the north and south.

Valley (Verse 5, 10). The city will be located on the plains of a valley between these mountains.

Hill (Verse 10). Jerusalem will be on a hill on this plain.

River (Verse 8). A river of living water flows east and west from Jerusalem into a sea in the east and a sea in the west.
This is the same river of life that flows from the throne of God. (Revelation 22: 1)

Sun, Moon and Stars (Verse 7). Outer space will change also. Their light will be dimmer than the light coming from the new earth. (Revelation 21: 23)

New Jerusalem. The city comes from heaven, through space, and lands on the Mount of Olives. (Revelation 21: 2, 10)

Green Square. 375 mile border.
Blue Square. 1500 mile border.

The New Jerusalem

Mount of Olives.
And his feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east, and the mount of Olives shall split in the middle of it toward the east and toward the west, and there shall be a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward the south.
And you shall flee to the valley of the mountains; for the valley of the mountains shall reach to Azal: yes, you shall flee, like as you fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah:
and the Lord my God shall come, and all the saints with you.
(Zechariah 14: 4-5)

Size.
The city is laid out as a square, and its length is as great as its width;
and he measured the city with the rod; fifteen hundred miles; its length and width and height are equal.
(Revelation 21: 16)
Since the language is ambiguous, the length of each side of the city could be either 375 miles or 1500 miles.

375 Miles (604 kilometers).
The New Jerusalem is 375 miles long and 375 miles wide.
It extends from the bottom of the Sinai peninsula to the middle of Syria.
And from Cairo to the western border of Iraq.
This essentially enclosed the actual area of the Promised Land (Deuteronomy 11: 23-25).

It is also 375 miles high. This extends over 200 miles higher than where the space shuttle flies.

Putting this in perspective, clouds can extend up to 11 miles, the space shuttle orbits at about 150 miles and
the space station orbits at about 220 miles.
Our tallest buildings are about a quarter of a mile high.

1500 Miles (2414 kilometers).
If the city is 1500 miles in all three direction,
then it extends from the western border of Egypt to eastern Iraq. And from the top of the Black sea to the southern border of Saudi Arabia.
Notice that at this size these facts become very important.

Garden of Eden. The center of the eastern wall, the center gate is located exactly in the place where the Garden of Eden is believed to exist.

The Gate of God. "Babel" means the gate of God. Notice that it was built near the Garden of Eden.

Magog. The Land of Magog is just outside the city. According to Revelation 21, when the New Jerusalem is surrounded, they will come from Gog and Magog.

Egypt and Assyria. They are a part of this enclosed structure. This fulfills the following prophecy.

In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with Assyria, even a blessing In the midst of the land: Whom the Lord of hosts shall bless, saying, "Blessed be Egypt my people and Assyria the work of my hands, and Israel mine inheritance."
(Isaiah 19: 24-25)

Egypt "My People". Two tribes, the children of Joseph were half Egyptian.

Assyria "The Work of My Hands". Abraham was a Syrian from Babylon.

Israel "My inheritance". This is the nation God created through a covenant.

The Garden Of Eden
"And the Lord God planted a garden towards the east in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed"
"And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it was parted, and became four rivers.
The name of the first is Pishon: it flows around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.
And the name of the second river is Gihon: if flows around the whole land of Cush.
And the name of the third river is Hiddekel [Tigris]: it flows east of Assyria.
And the fourth river is Euphrates."
(Genesis 2: 8, 10-14)
So He drove the man out; and at the east of the garden of Eden He stationed the Cherubim and the
flaming sword which turned every direction to guard the way to the tree of life.
(Genesis 3: 24)

There are several theories about the location of the Garden of Eden.

Iraq. On land, near Ur where the Tigris and Euphrates join before flowing into the Persian Gulf.

Persian Gulf. Under the waters of the shores of the Persian Gulf near Iraq.

Turkey. Where the Tigris and Euphrates originate. Although it is a possible source, this is not located east of Israel or east of Babylon. So this may be wrong.

United States. In the south east, along the Florida, Georgia and Alabama border. The United States was joined to Africa in Pangea, but it was not east of Israel. So this is wrong.

Jerusalem. This is my theory.
Calvary was the same mountain where Abraham offered Isaac. So, given the history and use of symbolism, Jerusalem may have been the location of the Garden of Eden.

Eden. Located in eastern Israel. God planted Adam the same place where He planted Israel.

Tree of Life. May have been located in Gethsemane.

Tree of Knowledge. May have been on Calvary.

Jordan River.
The Jordan may have been the river flowing out of Eden to water the garden from which the four named rivers branched.
When God's throne is relocated here the Jordan may be the river flowing out of the throne of God.

Problems In The Garden
The Gihon and the Pishon no longer exist.
But the location of the Gihon river has been a problem for all theories, because it does not flow through Cush.
In fact, it flows north from the head of all four rivers.
There are some possible explanations:

Nimrod, the Son of Cush. The Gihon flowed through the land of Nimrod. He lived in that area and built the tower of Babel.
So, technically, that area is also the land of Cush.

A Circluar River The Gihon could have made a circle around the Arabian coast and joined with the Nile.
In fact, there are reports of an Egyptian legend that the Nile was circular.
Babylonians mentioned a great river named the "Bitter River" which encircled the earth.
Josephus wrote that the River of Eden encircled the earth and was the source of four great rivers.

The Nile and Jordan Rivers. Beginning at the source in Turkey, the Jordan could be part of a tributary that fed the Nile.

Jesus said to him, I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father but through Me. John 14: 6

Time: 120 minutes Print: 33 pages

CopyrightUpdated : June 2006
Author: Laverna Patterson. Editor: Patterson (January 2008)
Credits: The information was compiled from various sources.
All images were created by Laverna Patterson and are the property of teachinghearts.
Maps were created by Teachinghearts.org by using PowerPoint and Paint.
Free maps of the modern world are available from Graphic Maps (Worldatlas.com)
CIA World Factbook has maps in the public domain
Strategic Petroleum Reserves. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Petroleum_Reserve
Troop placements. motherjones.com
Map of the city of Babylon. Combination of Unger and other maps
Ancient Europe. URL: http://www.friesian.com/francia.htm
Paul's Missionary Journeys. A combination of maps from the NASB and other sources.
Verneshot. URL: http://www.meta-religion.com/Archaeology/Other/verneshot_cause_of_dinosuars.htm
Migration of Early Civilizations URL: http://www.friesian.com/upan.htm
List of largest empires. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_empires
Foreign Occupation Of Israel. URL: http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/History+of+Israel/HISTORY-%20Foreign%20Domination