Psychometric Qualities

Describe the relevance of psychometric properties in psychological testing.
Psychometric properties assist a therapist in measuring the mental factors or skills that a client possesses in order to complete certain mental tasks. These factors may influence the ways in which the clients react or the ways in which they perform in certain situations. These types of tests are extremely important to the testing process because they allow the researcher to determine how to provide the treatment and interventions that are best suited to their clients needs. In order to develop an appropriate treatment plan and appropriate interventions the effective school counsleor will need to measure the students ' strengths and weaknesses, assess behaviors and attitudes to certain factors as well as take into account the students personal traits, environment and hereditary factors. Psychometric properties call for the measuring and assessment of all of these factors.
Reliability and Validity are essential to assessing a client's behavior in the field of counseling. Internal consistent reliablity is an estimating reliabilty method which measures the consistency of results across the spectrum of items within a test. In essence, this method divides the testing instrument and correlates the scores to determine whether the scores are consistent, or whether there is lack or error within the instrument (Whiston, 2013). Internal consistency measures how closely related the items on a test measure the same thangs. When testing, assessing and measuring, the effective school counselor must choose assessment tools that maintain validity across all constructs and are determined to be reliable, valid and fair. Otherwise, inept assessment occurs.
Coffman, Guerin and Gottfried (2006) advised that the Parent-Child Relationship Inventory warrented additional review and analysis due to the fact…...

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: μ=12
: μ12
Corrective action will be take any time H0 is rejected.
The following samples were collected at hourly intervals during the first day of operation of the new statistical process control procedure. These data are available in the data set Quality .
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
11.55
11.62
11.91
12.02
11.62
11.69
11.36
12.02
11.52
11.59
11.75
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...Deming’s 14 Points – Total Quality Management
#8. Drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively for the company.
Encourage effective two-way communication and other means to drive out fear throughout the organization so that everybody may work effectively and more productively for the company.
Fear is a barrier to improvement: wherever there is fear, we get the wrong figures.
Fear in work is opposite to joy in work.
Fear of change is a big barrier to be overcome: remember, people don’t resist change, they resist being changed! The need is for everybody to be part of the change, and to own the change process.
Some common expressions of fear:
I am afraid that I may lose my job because the company will go out of business.
I have a feeling that Dave (higher up) may move to another company.
If he does, what will happen to me?
I could do my job better if I understood what happens next.
I am afraid that I may not always have an answer when my boss asks me something.
I am afraid to admit that I made a mistake.
My boss believes in fear. How can he manage his people if they don’t hold him in awe? Management is punitive.
Without an atmosphere of mutual respect, no statistically based system of management will work.
Deming always says that this point is one of the most important for management to work on, because it affects nine of the other points:
* break down departmental barriers
* cease dependence on mass inspection
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...Question 1
1.1 Discuss the differences between the following:
a) Psychological Testing
b) Psychometrics
c) Psychological Assessment
a) Psychological testing
Psychological tests are basically an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behaviour; it can be referred to as a measuring instrument or procedure that was developed to measure variables related to the field of psychology.
They set out three apparent characteristics:
1. It is a random sample test of for behaviour.
2. The random sample is obtained under standardized conditions
3. There are set rules for the marking of the instruments or obtaining of quantitative information of the random sample test.
b) Psychometrics
It is defined as a systematic and scientific way in which psychological measures are developed and the technical measurement standards required of measures. It is designed to show someone’s personality, mental ability, opinions, etc.
c) Psychological assessment
Psychological assessment is a process orientated activity aimed at gathering a wide array of information by using assessment measures and information from many other sources such as interviews, the information is then evaluated and integrated to make a conclusion or a decision.
1.2 Research participants want to know what anonymity and confidentiality are, explain.
The data that is collected should be private, an individual has the right to privacy which means he has the right to decide how much he wants......

...1. How is quality defined? What is the goal of total quality management (TQM)? Why is TQM important?
In general, quality may be defined as meeting or exceeding the requirements, needs, and expectations of the customer—whether or not those needs have been articulated.
Garvin (1988) identified eight dimensions of quality:
1. Performance: measurable primary characteristics of a product or service
2. Features: added characteristics that enhance the appeal of a product or service
3. Conformance: meeting specifications or industry standards
4. Reliability: consistency of performance over time
5. Durability: useful life of a product or service
6. Serviceability: resolution of problems and complaints
7. Aesthetics: the sensory characteristics of a product or service
8. Perceived: quality: subjective assessment of quality based on cues related to the product
Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988), identified five dimensions to service quality:
1. Reliability: ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately
2. Responsiveness: willingness to help customers and provide prompt service
3. Assurance: employees’ knowledge, courtesy, and their ability to inspire trust and confidence
4. Empathy: caring, individualized attention given to customers
5. Tangibles: appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and written material
TQM is a philosophy that involves everyone in an organization in a......

... |
Executive summary
The following report outlines the quality philosophy, system and approaches of Food and Beverage department in IHG and production process of Haier; discuss similarities and evaluate the differences of them.
This report also concerns on how different quality system and approaches have impact on IHG in terms of innovation, change and competitiveness. In addition, recommendation given for IHG to overcome problems they are facing.
Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. Compare and contrast the different quality philosophy ,systems and approaches
3. Analyse the differences and evaluate the impact of these differences on innovation, change, and competitiveness.
3.1 analyse the differences
3.2 evaluate the differences impact on innovation, change and competitiveness
4. Recommendations
1. Adopting an external measures
4.1.1 Adopting external measures impact on change
4.2 Training and Reward
4.2.1 Training and reward impact on innovation
2. Training and reward impact on competitiveness
4.3 Further area to consider
5. Conclusion
6. Reflection
1. Introduction
Quality is “the totality of features and characteristics of product or service which bears on its ability to meet stated or implied needs” (Holmes, 1992). Traditional approaches to quality were focus on inspection. In the modern commercial environment,......

...cannot afford to use organizational funds negligently. Thirdly, negligent hiring practices may lead to unnecessary lawsuits filed against organizations in the long term (Carrigan, 2007).
One of the critical elements in ensuring outstanding organizational performance is the selection and development of excellent staff. International as well as local research has demonstrated the role that psychometric assessment can play in significantly improving the selection process for both new entrants and internal promotions. Effective psychometric assessment can also play a key role in staff development processes – an important challenge presently facing EastWest Banking Corporation.
Given the high costs of staff turnover and the heightened importance of identifying key staff, proper psychometric assessment can make a major contribution to human resource management in EastWest Banking Corporation. In line with the aforementioned statements, the researcher chose to do the study for the reason that in doing so; it will help the researcher have a clearer picture of the company’s utility of the psychometric reports and as to what skills or attributes do they consider in the rank and file position.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
To add further on the definition of psychological assessment: Burden (1996) defines it as the process of collection of data, usually by a psychologist, with specific purposes in mind. Purposes may include making decisions about placement, diagnosis, referral,......

...reducing and preventing hospital acquired infections (Pratt, Pellowe, & Wilson, 2007). Despite CDC guidelines stating that hand washing is the single most important procedure to prevent nosocomial infection and the relative simplicity of this procedure, adherence to hand hygiene recommendations of healthcare workers is unacceptably low, usually well below 50% (Pittet, Allegrazi, & Boyce, 2009).
Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicator
The use of nursing-sensitive indicators as a measure of quality care is a relatively new development in the healthcare industry. It wasn’t until the mid-1990s that many national healthcare organizations and regulatory agencies began to recognize a correlation between certain interventions performed by nurses and the overall quality and safety performance of healthcare institutions (Erickson, 2011). A broad definition of nursing-sensitive quality indicators might be: a set of standardized performance measures intended to help hospitals assess the extent to which nursing interventions have an impact on patient safety, quality, and the professional environment (Erickson, 2011).
Hospital Acquired Infections
Nurses play a pivotal role in preventing hospital acquired infections, not only by ensuring that all aspects of their nursing practice is evidence based, but also through nursing research and patient education. As patient advocates, nurses are in the unique position to affect change to improve patient standards. The nurse has many......

...Case Study:
Quality Management in the Oil Industry
Assignment Questions
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1. As Doug Friesen, what would you do to address the seat problem? Where would you
focus your attention and solution efforts?
2. What options exist? What would you recommend? Why?
3. Where, if at all, does the current routine for handling defective seats deviate from the principles of the Toyota Production System? Please explain.
4. What is the real problem facing Doug Friesen? Please analyze carefully and provide details.
Instructions
1. Work in groups of 3. i.e. Two “independent” groups.
2. Before you meet with your group, please read the case at least twice: First time a fast read, second time by paying attention to details. After your meeting, before the class, read it again.
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...effectiveness of PMDS policy on employees of Tintswalo hospital.
2.2 The Term Performance
Snell and Bohlander (2007: 332) define performance as “an individual’s actual efforts that are undertaken in order to carry out the work and relate to a person’s ability to perform tasks and duties expected for a specific job”.Byars and Rue (2008:481)refers to Performance as the “degree of accomplishment of the task that make up an employee’s job. It reflects how well an employee is fulfilling requirement of a job.
EPMDS (Employee Performance Management and Development System(2007:6) refers to performance as a “process in which resources are used in an effective ,efficient and productive way to produce results requirement that satisfy requirement of time, quality and quantity, and which are the effect or outcome of the actions or behaviour of a performer in the work process”. To attain an acceptable level of performance, a minimum level of proficiency must exist in each of the performance components .similarly, the level of proficiency in any one of the performance components can place an upper boundary on performance( Byars and Rue 2008:481).In order to further understand the term performance, one should define what performance management is all about.
2.3 The Term Performance management
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...Task 1
Quality is an important aspect in any business. Quality is what makes an organisation stand out from their competitors.
I have been saying that quality is important but what is really quality. According to ISO (9000:2005) states: “Degree to which set of inherent characteristics fulfil requirements”. Therefore in other words MFS ltd to set such characteristics in their supermarket outlets and make sure that these characteristics are being followed; so that MFS ltd will achieve quality.
This is further supported by Dale, Wiele and Iwaarden (2013) where in their book they wrote that quality “is the process of transformation by which all parts of the organisation has to focus on quality with the ultimate objective of customer satisfaction and delight.” Therefore this is basically stating that for an organisation such as MFS ltd so that they reach the ultimate goal i.e. customer satisfaction.
Additionally Haigh and Morris (1994) state that quality “is a process that embraces conscious striving for zero defects”. From this one can understand that MFS ltd should aim for zero defects in their service in the supermarkets which will help them get the best quality that they can reach. They are also saying that even when MFS ltd thought they have the best quality they should try to aim to improve it more (Allotey, 2013)
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...Quality Improvement Implementation Paper
The following paper we will learn about the manufacturing process of Hartman Industries. We will also learn about what the organization should do in order to improve its business processes with the help of quality management system. The paper will also tell what quality management system the organization should implement. We will also learn about the manufacturing process of Hartman Industries while discovering how the organization can benefit from application of our chosen recommendations.
Quality Management System
Quality management system process is a method by which an organization can easily improve its processes. It is a part of quality management system and is a business excellence process. This process will be very useful in improving processes of Hartman Industries. Hartman Industries are the leader of plastic injection molding industry. It specializes in creating innovative plastic designs and has earned international acclaim for these designs. The attributes which give competitive edge to this organization are attention to detail, good quality control standards and precision in work. If quality management system processes are applied to this organization then the organization can further improve its processes (Gitlow, 2001).
The organization has incorporated the use of best practices and components in its manufacturing system. It uses high quality of polymer in manufacturing; it has a well maintained R&D......

...notes for quality from quality book
HEALTHCARE QUALITY AND THE PATIENT
Maulik S. Joshi and Donald Berwick
Quality in the U.S. healthcare system is not what it should be. People
were aware of this issue for years from personal stories and anecdotes.
Around the end of the last century, three major reports
revealed evidence of this quality deficiency:
• The Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) National Roundtable on Health Care
Quality report, “The Urgent Need to Improve Health Care Quality”
(Chassin and Galvin 1998)
• To Err Is Human (Kohn, Corrigan, and Donaldson 2000)
• IOM’s Crossing the Quality Chasm (IOM 2001)
These three reports made a tremendous statement and called for
action on the state of healthcare, its gaps, and the opportunity to improve
its quality in the United States to unprecedented levels.
Before we begin discussion of these reports, however, let us begin
by defining quality, its evolution, and its implications on our work as healthcare
professionals.
Avedis Donabedian, one of the pioneers in understanding approaches
to quality, discussed in detail the various definitions of quality in relation
to perspective. Among his conceptual constructs of quality, one view of
Donabedian’s (1990) rang particularly true: “The balance of health benefits
and harm is the essential core of a definition of quality.” The question
of balance between benefit and harm is empirical and points to medicine’s
essential chimerism: one part science and one part art......

...Companies’ Use of Psychometric Tests for Recruitment: A Review of the Literature
Word count: 2995
PART 1
PART 1
Introduction
This paper surveys the literature on the use of psychometric testing by employers as part of the recruitment process and considers the general usage by different types of businesses. Companies spend high amount of money each year on psychometric test which measures personality type, learning styles and personal preferences of individuals. Since the 1980’s business in the UK have been making the use of psychometric test as part of the selection process for job vacancies. Over the years the usage has increased to a level where 80% of the Fortune 500 companies in the USA and by over 75% of the Times Top 100 companies in the UK are using some kind of psychometric testing (PSYCHOMETRIC-SUCCESS, 2009). However the benefits and drawbacks of using psychometric testing vary from business to business and sometimes even according to the demographics of the location where the test are conducted.
Types of psychometric testing
A good psychometric test features reliability, validity, discriminating and NORMs. (Kline, 1992). The significance of Psychometric Testing is able to indicate a reason why Psychometric Testing is widely used, as Kline (1992) suggests that, the efficiency of personnel selection and appraisal will go up as the efficiency of Psychometric test goes up, the necessity of appraisal may disappear as the testing is......

...GM588 Final Project Proposal Outline Gary Silva
Title - “Quality for Life through Best in Quality Practice”
Name of Organization and Background - Diabetes Care is a rapidly growing and emerging company which employs approximately 30, who appear to either meet or exceed their company’s expectations, with net sales of approximately $3.2 million.
Classified as a medical device manufacturer. To be more specific their Primary SIC Code is Medicinals and botanicals (2833), in simpler terms, they manufacture medical devices.
Primary products are Insulin delivery systems. Some of the major components of the assembly are made from and injection molding process using thermal plastics then moved to a secondary plastics joining assembly operation using a unique process technology offered by BRANSON Ultrasonics Corp. called Radiance Laser Welding.
Introduction of the Problem - Quality is essential. They must produce product under the scrutiny of FDA guidelines, which in itself is a very costly and extensive process. Therefore it is imperative that they get things right. Goal is similar to any other company, which is, increased sales and market share.
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