Pratapgad Fort

Pratapgad (also transcribed Pratapgarh or Pratapgadh) is a large fort located in
Satara district, in the state of Maharashtra in India. Significant as the site
of the Battle of Pratapgad, the fort is now a popular tourist
destination.Pratapgad is located 15 kilometres from Poladpur and 22 kilometres
from Mahabaleshwar, a popular hill-station in the area. This fort stands 1,080
metres above sea level.The fort is built on a spur which overlooks the road
between the villages of Par and Kinesvar.

History

The Maratha king Shivaji commissioned Moropant Trimbak Pingle, his prime
minister, to undertake the construction of this fort in order to defend the
banks of the Nira and the Koyna rivers, and to defend the Par pass. It was
completed in 1656.The Battle of Pratapgarh between Shivaji and Afzal Khan was
fought below the rampants of this fort on November 10, 1659. This was the first
major test of the fledgling kingdom's army, and set the stage of the
establishment of the Maratha empire.Pratapgad continued to be involved in
regional politics. Sakharam Bapu, a well-known minister of Pune, was confined by
his rival Nana Phadnis in Pratapgad in 1778. He was later moved from fort to
fort until he finally died at Raigad. In 1796, Nana Phadnis, while escaping from
the intrigues of Daulatrao Shinde and his minister Baloba, assembled a strong
garrison in Pratapgad before heading to Mahad.In 1818, as part of the Third
Anglo-Maratha War, Pratapgad surrendered by private negotiation. This was a
great loss to the Maratha forces, as Pratapgad was an important stronghold, had
a large garrison, and could annoy much of the country round Wai.A 17-foot high
equestrian bronze statue of Shivaji was unveiled by Javaharlal Nehru, then Prime
Minister of India, on the 30th November 1957, the same year a road was
constructed by the Public Works Department from Kumbhrosi village up to fort. A
guest house and a national park were built inside the fort in 1960.The fort is
currently owned by Udayan Raje Bhosale, the heir of the Satara princely state

Architecture

The fort can be divided into the lower fort and upper fort.The upper fort was
built upon the crest of the hill. It is roughly square, 180m long on each side.
It has several permanent buildings, including a temple to the god Mahadev. It is
located at the northwest of the fort, and is surrounded by sheer cliffs with
drops of up to 250m.The lower fort is around 320m long and 110m wide. It is
located at the southeast of the fort, and is defended by towers and bastions ten
to twelve metres high.The Afzul tower extends out from the fort proper and
defends the approach to the fort. It is said to have been constructed after the
Battle of Pratapgad, and Afzul Khan's head is said to be buried under the
tower.In 1661, Shivaji was unable to visit the temple of the goddess Bhavani at
Tuljapur. He decided to dedicate a temple to the goddess at this fort itself.
This temple is on the eastern side of the lower fort. The hall has been rebuilt
since the original construction, and consists of wooden pillars about 50' long,
30' broad and 12' high. The shrine is made of stone, and contains a clothed
black stone image of the goddess. The roof of the temple is flat inside, but
covered in lead covering put up by the Satara Raja Pratapsinh (1818-1839). A
small spire or shikhar covers the shrine.A darga of Afzul Khan is located a
short while away from the fort to the south-east.