Signs and symptoms of heat-related illness

What to do:

Stop activity and move to a cooler location

Drink water

Seek medical attention if cramps persist for more than one hour

Heat exhaustion can develop after several days of exposure to high temperatures and inadequate replacement of fluids. Those most prone to heat exhaustion are elderly people, people with high blood pressure, and people working or exercising in a hot environment.

If you see someone with these symptoms, call 911 immediately—this is a medical emergency.

At risk:

People aged 65 years or older. They are less likely to sense and respond to changes in temperature. Many people, particularly older adults, also don’t feel thirsty until they’re already dehydrated. You should check in on older adults to make sure that they are staying cool and hydrated.

Infants and young children (under age 4). Young children are sensitive to the effects of excessive heat and must rely on their caregivers to stay cool and hydrated.

People with some chronic medical conditions, like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and asthma. They are less likely to sense and respond to changes in temperature. Also, they may be taking medications that can contribute to dehydration or interfere with the body’s ability to regulate body temperature. Patients should check with their healthcare provider for more information about how specific chronic conditions and medications may affect them during extreme heat events.

Even people without chronic conditions can be at risk during hot weather. People who are homeless, pregnant, work outdoors, or are athletes should be especially careful to stay hydrated.

Chronic medical conditions

Diabetes–People with diabetes get dehydrated more quickly. High temperatures can change how your body uses insulin. People with diabetes may need to test their blood sugar more often and adjust their insulin dose and what they eat and drink.

Cardiovascular disease–People with heart disease may be more vulnerable to heat stroke. Some medicines commonly used to treat high blood pressure, like diuretics (water pills), can worsen dehydration.

Respiratory diseases, (asthma)–High temperatures can also impact air quality and worsen respiratory conditions, like asthma. Visit AirNow to check air quality ratings each day and plan your activities accordingly.