National Affairs: TOWARD OPEN SOCIETIES

The Anglo-American relies upon personal interest to accomplish his ends,
and gives free scope to the unguided strength and common sense of the
people; the Russian centers all the authority of society in a single
arm. The principal instrument of the former is freedom; of the latter,
servitude.

De Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835

DURING the turbulent fortnight preceding President Eisenhower's
declaration that "a world of open societies" is a major U.S. goal, many
voices in the West bemoaned the strategic disadvantages of an open
society...