3 Gary Wills, Cincinnatus: George Washington and the Enlightenment (Garden City: Doubleday, 1984); Gordon Wood, The Creation of the American Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).

4 Ellis, American Sphinx, 50-55.

5 Jeffrey Pasley, Andrew Robertson, and David Waldstreicher (eds.) Beyond the Founders: New Approaches to the Political History of the Early American Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004).