compilator Ubuntu

What compilator should I install for the most new standards of C++ programming.
Now I have the new version g++ installed by command: sudo apt-get install g++,
but it doesn't work for example in the case of "auto" in the "lambda function"

Well it's clear, you cannot assign a lambda to a function pointer.
A lambda can only be stored in an auto variable or as a function template parameter.
(Also as a class template parameter with declspec).

But every lambda, even with the same inputs and outputs, has a uniquely generated type.

About the rest, you're maybe using the wrong compiler?
I'm not sure how to force G++4.8 tho