arthrogryposis

arthrogryposis

(är′thrə-grə-pō′sĭs)

n.pl.arthrogrypo·ses(-sēz)

The permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position.

arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

A rare sporadic condition characterised by joint contractures, dislocations, rigid skeletal deformities (e.g., clubfoot or talipes equinovarus), skin atrophy and replacement of limb muscles with fibrous tissue. AMC is not a sui generis disease, but rather a descriptive term that signifies multiple congenital contractures. The aetiologies encompass both neurogenic and primary myopathic diseases, but most cases are not due to neuromuscular disease.

PathogenesisUncertain; a common link may be intrauterine movement during a critical period of limb development.

ManagementArthrodesis.

ar·thro·gry·po·sis

(ahr'thrō-gri-pō'sis)

Congenital defect of the limbs characterized by contractures of multiple joints.

[arthro- + G.gryphōsis, a crooking]

arthrogryposis

Congenital fixation of the limb joints, usually in an extended position. The condition is probably due to a destructive disorder of the motor nerves to the muscles around the affected joints during the pregnancy.

arthrogryposis

1. persistent flexion of a joint.

2. tetanoid spasm.

congenital arthrogryposis with dysraphism

arthrogryposis with delayed or arrested closure of the neural tube. Called also arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. See also complex vertebral malformation.

occurs in catle, pigs and sheep. In cattle it is commonly associated with cleft palate, sometimes with other skeletal defects and also prolonged gestation.

lupine-induced arthrogryposis

occurs in calves whose dams have ingested Lupinus spp. that contain the teratogenic alkaloids anagyrine and/or ammodendrine between 35 and 100 days gestation. These alkaloids impair the natural active movement of the developing fetus so that it grows in a static state resulting in deformities of the limbs. Many western lupine species, bitter lupines, contain these teratogenic alkaloids but they are usually not palatable and not eaten. The alkaloid conine in Conium maculatum can also produce this syndrome.

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