In many cases the presence of a disinfectant residual in drinking water during distribution is a result of the application of chemical disinfection in water treatment; Decisions to treat and subsequently distribute drinking water with a disinfectant residual were taken in a period when knowledge about the effects of the disinfectant on various types of pathogens was limited and the formation of disinfection by-products could not yet be taken into account; the large amount of scientific information and practica1 experience which is now available about the effects of distribution on drinking water quality can be used to re-evaluate maintaining residual disinfectants in drinking water during distribution.

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