You can do that to some extent, but you will probably need to at least sign back into your accounts and rearrange the home screen to your liking. You can use something like this: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=2525026 (you can also do this manually with adb commands) or just one of the back up apps on the Play Store. Some are free, some are paid. Depends on how quick and easy you want the back up to go if you don't want to use the PC tool. Once you do that, then you can unlock the bootloader, root, then restore your stuff.

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