Shock

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Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. Lack of blood flow means the cells and organs do not get enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Many organs can be damaged as a result. Shock requires immediate treatment and can get worse very rapidly. As many 1 in 5 people who suffer shock will die from it.

First Aid

Even if the person is able to breathe on their own, continue to check rate of breathing at least every 5 minutes until help arrives.

If the person is conscious and DOES NOT have an injury to the head, leg, neck, or spine, place the person in the shock position. Lay the person on the back and elevate the legs about 12 inches (30 centimeters). DO NOT elevate the head. If raising the legs will cause pain or potential harm, leave the person lying flat.

Give appropriate first aid for any wounds, injuries, or illnesses.

Keep the person warm and comfortable. Loosen tight clothing.

IF THE PERSON VOMITS OR DROOLS

Turn the head to one side to prevent choking. Do this as long as you do not suspect an injury to the spine.

If a spinal injury is suspected, "log roll" the person instead. To do this, keep the person's head, neck, and back in line, and roll the body and head as a unit.

DO NOT

In case of shock:

DO NOT give the person anything by mouth, including anything to eat or drink.

DO NOT wait for milder shock symptoms to worsen before calling for emergency medical help.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call 911 any time a person has symptoms of shock. Stay with the person and follow the first aid steps until medical help arrives.

Prevention

Learn ways to prevent heart disease, falls, injuries, dehydration, and other causes of shock. If you have a known allergy (for example, to insect bites or stings), carry an epinephrine pen. Your health care provider will teach you how and when to use it.

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