Public Policy Disabilities

3. The experience of this particular disadvantaged group has generally been one of exploitation, exclusion, dehumanisation and regulation.’ (Barton, 1986: 276).Discuss this in relation to the role of public policy in the lives of disabled people.

Through the implementation of public policies the government has been able to improve the lives of disabled people within the United Kingdom, providing more tailored goods and services thanks to communicating with pressure groups and forming task driven committees to help accommodate people with special needs. This essay discusses the way in which these individuals are perceived in society and whether it is a problem to be solved by medical means, or should society adapt to ease their inclusion. Also discussed are the improvements made in the treatment of disabled people, with reference to employment, independent living and care from a young age. The essay goes on to find that although disabled people have been given greater rights to equality in recent years, there are still areas where they are disproportionately missing out on state provided benefits.

Historically there have been ideals of how the human body should look, and disabled people were often treated poorly due to little being known about many conditions. Through education and understanding, overtime this minority has gained a voice on the national stage to have their wants satisfied. But before we discuss the effects of government intervention through public policy on the lives of disabled people we must first define disabilities as seen from a contemporary society. Under The Equality Act 2010, you are disabled if you have a “physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long term negative effect on your ability to do normal daily activities”. The initial statement regarding impairment is fairly straight forward, if there is a physical or mental defect stopping an individual from carrying out a task it could be said they are disabled. The reference to “normal daily activities” (The Equality Act 2010) is more complex, evoking the question, what is normal? This is a key point to our understanding and treatment of disabled people. The debate as how best to treat individuals continues, and whether it should be done through medical means or socio-economic.

The medical model of disability treats impairments as a tragic problem that an individual has been unfortunate enough to be born with or develop later in life. This model likens disabilities to diseases and defines a clear problem that should be fixed so the person can be more like everyone else. There is a lot of stigma involved in branding an individual in such a way and can lead to social problems, like losing out on education, employment opportunities and housing. “government policies over the last 20 years have gone some way to improve the lives of impaired citizens, but further labelling and segregation of people only makes things worse”(Morris, 2011). In her report Morris argues that grouping people with a wide range of disorders under one heading can lead to greater problems of exclusion and dehumanisation. In some cases this may be true, people have a hardwired craving to feel included and the separation from mainstream society may have negative social consequences, but the grouping together of individuals into a collective means a bigger voice which is much harder to ignore. Conversely to Morris, some commentators believe the grouping together of people with similar ailments can have a beneficial effect and give people a “sense of community and belonging” (Biklen, 2005). Although some people may not enjoy being labelled as disabled it does seem to be an effective way to be heard and get access to much needed funds.

The social model for the treatment of disabilities attempts to invert the problem and discuss what society can do to better facilitate all citizens, regardless of ability. Under this model, an impairment is no longer seen as...

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

...Publicpolicies are tools of governments used satisfy certain wants and needs of the citizenry that they cannot effectively satisfy individually or that are better served through collective action. PublicPolicy is governmental laws, rules and regulation, funding and courses of actions that are measured by the government. Publicpolicies can be complex and can rapidly change under most circumstances. According to Medical University of South Carolina, Individuals and groups often attempt to shape publicpolicy through education, advocacy, or mobilization of interest groups ( MUSC, 2012). The study of publicpolicies is the examination of the creation, by the government, of the rules, laws, and goals, and standards that determine what government does or does not do to create resources, benefits, costs, and burdens. There are many different areas related to Publicpolicy that affect every one individual by way of education, economic development, health care, housing, employment & income, and immigration just to name a few. There are also international policies as well that affect the US such as importing and exporting goods that go out into the economy, weapons, and terrorism. any level of government, whether federal, state, or local may be involved in a particular policy effort...

...Paper PublicPolicy M. Phil Semester One
Q.1. Define the following terms.
1. Problem:
A Sudden happening or a thing that is difficult to deal with or to understand.
2. PublicPolicy:
PublicPolicy is the action taken by government to address a particular public issue. It is implemented by local, state and federal government.
3. Goal:
The achieved point of any action is call goal or you can say the ending point.
4. Output:
The formal action that government takes to pursue its goal is call output.
5. Outcome:
The effects/impact such actions have on society is called outcome.
6. Legitimacy:
The thing or action that is according to law is call legitimate act and legitimacy mean allowed and acceptable according to the law.
8. Authority:
The power to make laws, execute that law and legitimate that law is call authority.
Q.2.
Short Question and their answers:
Q.NO.1. Stages of the PublicPolicy Formulation?
1. Problem identification
2. Agenda setting
3. Policy formulation
4. Policy legitimacy
5. Policy implementation
6. Policy evaluation
Q.NO.2. Steps to analyze publicpolicy.
1. Problem identification:
a. Nature of problems.
Whether it is real or created
b. Emergence.
When it emerge and why it late etc
c. Identification.
When it identified,...

...﻿P1
What are the responsibility of the government in the uk
The central government is charged with a number of responsibilities including policy making on matters of education, crime and justice, employment and foreign relations. The central government is also charged with delegation of duties to the local government as well as coordination of these local governments.
Usual responsibilities of this level of government which are not granted to lower levels are maintaining national security and exercising international diplomacy, including the right to sign binding treaties. Basically, the central government has the power to make laws for the whole country, in contrast with local governments.
P2
What is the impact of policies on different public services
Public services are provided by various levels of Government ... some (like pension & post office) are federal, while other (like library & police) are local ... so any cutbacks at the national level will mainly impact federal/national services, not town/city services.
The politicians decide on overall policies, but once any changes are decided it's usually left to the civil service to implement the decisions. Some are specific and there is no room for choice of how the change is made (e.g. decision to decommission an aircraft carrier), but other (e.g. a certain budget cut to a Ministry) can be implemented in different ways.
Budgets pay for...

...exist to analyze the creation and application of publicpolicy. Analysts use these models to identify important aspects of policy, as well as explain and predict policy and its consequences.
Some models are:
Institutional model
It focuses on the traditional organization of government and describes the duties and arrangements of bureaus and departments. It considers constitutional provisions, administrative and common law, and judicial decisions. It focuses on formal arrangements such as federalism executive reorganizations, presidential commission, etc. Traditionally political science has studied government institutions--Congress, presidency, courts, political parties, etc.--that authoritatively determine, implement, and enforce publicpolicy. Strictly speaking, a policy is not a publicpolicy until it is adopted, implemented and enforced by some governmental institution.
Government lends legitimacy to policies, they are then legal; Government extends policies universally to cover all people in society; Government monopolizes the power to coerce obedience to policy, or to sanction violators.
Traditional studies using the institutional approach focused on institutional structures, organization, duties and function, without investigating their impact on publicpolicy....

...Introduction
Publicpolicy refers to the product of activities aimed at the resolution of public problems in the environment by different actors whose relationship is structured and this process involves overtime .Public process involves developmental series of stages ,which interacts with each other for the outcome of expected results. Publicpolicy stages can be also called publicpolicy cycle as it is a continuous process. There are six different stages of publicpolicy which include agenda setting, policy formulation, policy implementation, policy evaluation, and policy change and policy termination. However there are some of the scholars which took problem definition as the first stage. Some scholars define publicpolicy stages in a different way as:
Conveyer belt in which issues are first recognised as a problem ,course of action are considered ,and policies are adopted ,implemented by agency personnel ,evaluated changed and finally terminated on the basis of their success .(Stewart, etal 2008)
Problem definition
Baker (2001),put problem definition as the first stage ,before agenda setting ,but Stewart ,etal (2008) , considered...

...PublicPolicy In Bangladesh
Introduction:
Government is one of the most important influences in our lives. With or without our expressed consent, Government makes decisions about which societal problems to address, then identifies and formulates solutions to those problems. Government implements publicpolicies by utilizing legislative mechanisms and instruments (e.g. making decisions about taxing, spending and budgeting) to fund, monitor, and evaluate policy effectiveness and efficiency. Taken collectively, these decisions and non-decisions of Government constitute the ‘whole’ that we call
public policymaking. Quite simply, publicpolicy is what government does whether as planned action, unplanned action or planned inaction. By formulating and implementing publicpolicy, Government determines what we do attend school, work or start a business, wage pre-emptive war or curtail citizenship rights and benefits. By enacting publicpolicy, various levels of government influence and in some cases, determine what products we can buy, the prices we pay for them and the food we eat.
Problems of formulating publicpolicies in banlgadesh:
In the Bangladeshi political system, publicpolicy formulation is a...

...Why Study PublicPolicy?
Start by considering these five reasons why the study of publicpolicy should be important to you:
1. As inheritors of an enduring democracy, also the sole superpower, we have both the opportunity and the responsibility to participate in civic affairs. We need know-how: the analytical, ethical, and practical skills necessary to effectively engage in public affairs. Regard this responsibility as a life-long duty.
2. The sheer extent of the intervention of government in society, the economy, and world affairs makes the study of publicpolicy essential for a conscientious citizen. Similarly, the amount of spending by government at all levels makes this an important subject. As taxpayers, we have a stake in effective publicpolicy and the overall scope of the government in our lives. We consume a vast and varied bundle of public services. A detailed, current discussion of the dimensions, growth, and composition of government spending will be provided in chapter five, which deals with the budget as part of the policy cycle.
3. Understanding policy analysis permits us to actualize solutions to practical problems which are brought to the agenda of government. These may be our own problems, those of our community, our profession, or problems to which we feel a special...

...A publicpolicy
Instrument constitutes a device that is both technical and social, that organizes
speciﬁc social relations between the state and those it is addressed to, according
to the representations and meanings it carries. It is a particular type of institution, a technical device with the generic purpose of carrying a concrete concept
of the politics/society relationship and sustained by a concept of regulation
It is possible to differentiate between levels of observation by distinguishing between “instrument,” “technique,” and “tool”: for the sake of
clarity we suggest to understand
1. The instrument as a type of social institution (census taking, map
making, statutory regulation, taxation).
2. The technique as a concrete device that operationalizes the instrument (statistical nomenclature, a type of graphic representation, a
type of law or decree).
3. The tool as a micro device within a technique (statistical category,
the scale of deﬁnition of a map, the type of obligation provided for
by a legal text, presence/absence of sanction).
[pic]
The ‘menu’ of policy instruments available to governments falls into four broad categories:
• Suasive approaches: policy tools that encourage changes in behaviour through the provision of information, such as via general education programs, guidelines and codes of practice, training programs, extension services...