Single shot caudal epidural block is one of the most widespread technique for pediatric pain management after infraumbilical surgical procedures.However, in a significant proportion of patients, despite good initial analgesia from a caudal block with local anesthetic, pain develops after the block resolves.

Dexmedetomidine is used increasingly in pediatric anesthesia practice to prolong the duration of action of caudal block with a local anesthetic agent.But which route of administration of clonidine is the most beneficial remains unknown.

The investigators performed prospective randomized double-blind study to compare the effects of caudal dexmedetomidine with intravenous dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia after caudal levobupivacaine for inguinal herniorrhaphy or orchidopexy surgery.

Patient has history of allergy, intolerance, or reaction to dexmedetomidine

Infections at puncture sites

Bleeding diathesis

Preexisting neurological disease

Diabetes mellitus

Children with uncorrected cardiac lesions

Children with heart block or liver impairment

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Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01701778