The idea that past phenomenon should be explained as the results of natural processes now in operation is one of the principles of

a. catastrophism

b. creationism

c. anachronism

d. uniformitarianism

What did the 19th century British demographer say about population and food supply?

a. populations increase slower than food supply

b. food supply increase faster than populations

c. populations increase faster than food supply

d. None of the above

Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic acid (nDNA)

a. was studied during Darwin's lifetime

b. is the "recipe for all biological characteristics and functions"

c. was discovered by Mendel

d. is stored in the cells as ribosomes

The field of genetics concerned with the laws of inheritance is known as

a. Malthusian genetics

b. Mendelian genetics

c. Darwinian genetics

d. Lamarkian genetics

In 1962, Watson and Crick were awarded the Nobel Prize for their 1953 discovery that the structure of the nuclear DNA molecule was

a. a triple helix

b. circular

c. linear

d. a double helix

Human paleontology is

a. the study of the evolution of nonhuman primates through the analysis of fossilized primate skeletal remains

b. the study of trauma on modern human skeletal remains and estimation of race, sex, age, and stature

c. the study of the behavior and material culture of past human societies

d. none of the above

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, variation in a population is critical for survival

a. true

b. false

A hypothetical population has people with the following genotypes: AA=50; Aa=100; and aa=50. What are the genotype frequencies of this population?

a. AA=0.25; Aa=0.50; aa=0.25

b. AA=0.50; Aa=1.00; aa=0.50

c. AA=0.50; Aa=0.50; aa=0.00

d. AA=0.00; Aa=0.50; aa=0.50

Imagine a locus with two alleles, A and a. If there are people with the following genotypes: AA=72; Aa=96; aa=32, what is the frequency of the A allele?

a. 0.32

b. 0.60

c. 0.72

d. 1.00

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Imagine a locus with two alleles, A and a. If A allele=50 and the a allele=150, what is the frequency of the A allele?

a. 0.15

b. 0.33

c. 0.50

d. 0.25

In a human being there are 23 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes

a. true

b. false

_____DNA is heteroplasmic, meaning it can differ among different parts of a person's body

a. nuclear

b. all

c. ribosomal

d. mitochondrial

Recessive traits are expressed when two copies of the gene coding for the trait are inherited: one from the mother and one from the father

a. true

b. false

Assume a population with the following genotypes: AA=25; Aa=50; aa-25. How many A alleles are in the population?

a. 25

b. 50

c. 100

d. 200

In nuclear DNA (nDNA), the base Adenine pairs with the base

a. cytosine

b. guanine

c. thymine

d. lymine

Gametes are

a. diploid

b. haploid

c. produced during mitosis

d. none of the above

Mutation is the only source of

a. natural selection

b. inheritance

c. new variation

d. none of the above

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes

a. strong selection pressure on the trait(s) being studied

b. a significant mutation rate from generation to generation

c. gene flow that is equal both into and out of the population

d. no gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift, and no natural selection

There are two alleles for the PTC-tasting locus in humans: T, which codes for tasting and t which codes for non-tasting. T is dominant and t is recessive. Imagine two parents who are tasters have a child who is a non-taster. Given this information, the genotypes of the parents could only be

a. Tt and Tt

b. TT and Tt

c. Tt and TT

d. TT and TT

the physical location of a gene within the genome is called the

a. ribosome

b. nucleus

c. address

d. locus

Biocultural approach

a. combines cultural studies with archaeology

b. examines the interaction between biology and culture in understanding human condition

c. is strictly a biological science

d. is strictly a cultural science

Anthropology is holistic because it includes the study of

a. the structure and use of language in human societies

b. fossil humans and their closest relatives

c. prehistoric human artifacts and behavior

d. all of the above

An alternate (variant) of a gene is called

a. hereditary variants

b. an allele

c. gene morphs

d. subgenes

How many chromosomes are found in the human sex cells?

a. 23 pairs

b. 23

c. 46

d. none of the above

Physical anthropology as a discipline is concerned with

a. skeletal pathology

b. primate biology

c. fossilized human remains

d. all of the above

Assume a population with the following genotypes: AA=31; Aa=54; aa=22. How many total alleles in the population?

a. 31

b. 54

c. 107

d. 214

Imagine an allele frequency of 0.7 in given population. If this population meets the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequency will _____ in the next generation

a. decrease

b. stay the same

c. increase

d. none of the above

You visit a random mating population and find that the observed genotype frequencies are not what would be expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What does this suggest?

a. evolution has not occurred

b. evolution has occurred

c. Hardy and Weinberg were wrong

d. your data must be contaminated

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of other traits

a. true

b. false

Assume two alleles, A and a at a given locus. If the frequency of the A allele is 0.6 and the frequency of the a allele is 0.4, using the Hardy-Weinberg formula (p2+2pq+q2) the expected genotype frequencies are:

a. AA=0.16; Aa=0.42; aa=0.36

b. AA=0.60; Aa=0.00; aa=0.40

c. AA=0.36; Aa=0.48; aa=0.16

d. AA=1.00; Aa=0.00; aa=0.00

Transcription

a. occurs in the nucleus

b. occurs in the ribosomes

c. results in the production of proteins

d. results in the transformation of mitochondria

Translation

a. occurs in the nucleus

b. occurs in the mitochondria

c. results in the production of mRNA

d. results in the production of amino acid chains and proteins

If a woman with genotype AB (blood type) mates with a man with genotype BO (blood type), the expected proportion of BO offspring is

a. 25 percent

b. 50 percent

c. 75 percent

d. 100 percent

Messenger RNA differs from Nuclear DNA in that it uses

a. uracil instead of adenine

b. uracil instead of guanine

c. guanine instead of uracil

d. uracil instead of thymine

"Fitness" in an evolutionary sense, refers to an individual's

a. reproductive success: probability of survival and reproduction

b. aggressiveness

c. strength

d. age at death

The type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is