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1 The format of this leaflet was determined by the Ministry of Health and its content was checked and approved by it in May WARNING: (A) PREMATURE DISCONTINUATION OF XARELTO INCREASES THE RISK OF THROMBOTIC EVENTS, (B) SPINAL/EPIDURAL HEMATOMA A. PREMATURE DISCONTINUATION OF XARELTO INCREASES THE RISK OF THROMBOTIC EVENTS Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant, including XARELTO, increases the risk of thrombotic events. If anticoagulation with XARELTO is discontinued for a reason other than pathological bleeding or completion of a course of therapy, consider coverage with another anticoagulant [see posology and method of administration (4.2), and special warnings and precautions for use(4.4)]. B. SPINAL/EPIDURAL HEMATOMA Epidural or spinal hematomas have occurred in patients treated with XARELTO who are receiving neuraxial anesthesia or undergoing spinal puncture. These hematomas may result in long-term or permanent paralysis. Consider these risks when scheduling patients for spinal procedures. Factors that can increase the risk of developing epidural or spinal hematomas in these patients include: use of indwelling epidural catheters concomitant use of other drugs that affect hemostasis, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), platelet inhibitors, other anticoagulants a history of traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal punctures a history of spinal deformity or spinal surgery optimal timing between the administration of XARELTO and neuraxial procedures is not known [see special warnings and precautions for use (4.4)]. Monitor patients frequently for signs and symptoms of neurological impairment. If neurological compromise is noted, urgent treatment is necessary [see special Warnings and Precautions for use (4.4)]. Consider the benefits and risks before neuraxial intervention in patients anticoagulated or to be anticoagulated for thromboprophylaxis [see special Warnings and Precautions for use (4.4)]. 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Xarelto 10 mg film-coated tablets 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each film-coated tablet contains 10 mg rivaroxaban. Excipient with known effect: Each film-coated tablet contains 27.9 mg lactose monohydrate, see section 4.4. For the full list of excipients, see section

2 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Film-coated tablet (tablet). Light red, round biconvex tablets (6 mm diameter, 9 mm radius of curvature) marked with the BAYER-cross on one side and "10" and a triangle on the other side. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery. 4.2 Posology and method of administration Posology The recommended dose is 10 mg rivaroxaban taken orally once daily. The initial dose should be taken 6 to 10 hours after surgery, provided that haemostasis has been established. The duration of treatment depends on the individual risk of the patient for venous thromboembolism which is determined by the type of orthopaedic surgery. For patients undergoing major hip surgery, a treatment duration of 5 weeks is recommended. For patients undergoing major knee surgery, a treatment duration of 2 weeks is recommended. If a dose is missed the patient should take Xarelto immediately and then continue the following day with once daily intake as before. Converting from Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA) to Xarelto When converting patients from VKAs to Xarelto, International Normalized Ratio ( INR) values will be falsely elevated after the intake of Xarelto. The INR is not valid to measure the anticoagulant activity of Xarelto, and therefore should not be used (see section 4.5). Converting from Xarelto to Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) There is a potential for inadequate anticoagulation during the transition from Xarelto to VKA. Continuous adequate anticoagulation should be ensured during any transition to an alternate anticoagulant. It should be noted that Xarelto can contribute to an elevated INR. In patients converting from Xarelto to VKA, VKA should be given concurrently until the INR is 2.0. For the first two days of the conversion period, standard initial dosing of VKA should be used followed by VKA dosing as guided by INR testing. While patients are on both Xarelto and VKA the INR should not be tested earlier than 24 hours after the previous dose but prior to the next dose of Xarelto. Once Xarelto is discontinued INR testing may be done reliably at least 24 hours after the last dose (see sections 4.5 and 5.2). Converting from parenteral anticoagulants to Xarelto For patients currently receiving a parenteral anticoagulant, Xarelto should be started 0 to 2 hours before the time of the next scheduled administration of the parenteral medicinal product (e.g. low molecular weight heparins LMWH) or at the time of discontinuation of a continuously administered parenteral medicinal product (e.g. intravenous unfractionated heparin). Converting from Xarelto to parenteral anticoagulants Give the first dose of parenteral anticoagulant at the time the next Xarelto dose would be taken. 2

3 Special populations Renal impairment Limited clinical data for patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance ml/min) indicate that rivaroxaban plasma concentrations are significantly increased. Therefore, Xarelto is to be used with caution in these patients. Use is not recommended in patients with creatinine clearance < 15 ml/min (see sections 4.4 and 5.2). No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance ml/min) or moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ml/min) (see section 5.2). Hepatic impairment Xarelto is contraindicated in patients with hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy and clinically relevant bleeding risk including cirrhotic patients with (Child Pugh B and C) (see sections 4. 3 and 5.2). Elderly population No dose adjustment. (see section 5.2). Body weight No dose adjustment. (see section 5.2). Gender No dose adjustment. (see section 5.2). Paediatric population The safety and efficacy of Xarelto in children aged 0 to 18 years have not been established. No data are available. Therefore, Xarelto is not recommended for use in children below 18 years of age. Method of administration For oral use. Xarelto can be taken with or without food (see section 4.5 and 5.2). For patients who are unable to swallow whole tablets, Xarelto tablet may be crushed and mixed with water or apple puree immediately prior to use and administered orally. The crushed Xarelto tablet may also be given through gastric tubes after confirmation of the correct gastric placement of the tube. The crushed tablet should be administered in a small amount of water via a gastric tube after which it should be flushed with water (see section 5.2). 4.3 Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. listed in section 6.1. Active clinically significant bleeding. Lesion or condition, if considered to be a significant risk for major bleeding. This may include current or recent gastrointestinal ulceration, presence of malignant neoplasms at high risk of bleeding, recent brain or spinal injury, recent brain, spinal or ophthalmic surgery, recent intracranial haemorrhage, known or suspected oesophageal varices, arteriovenous malformations, vascular aneurysms or major intraspinal or intracerebral vascular abnormalities. Concomitant treatment with any other anticoagulants e.g. unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparins (enoxaparin, dalteparin, etc.), heparin derivatives (fondaparinux, etc.), oral anticoagulants (warfarin, dabigatran etexilate, apixaban, etc.) except under the circumstances of switching therapy to or from rivaroxaban (see section 4.2) or when UFH is 3

4 given at doses necessary to maintain an open central venous or arterial catheter (see section 4.5). Hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy and clinically relevant bleeding risk including cirrhotic patients with Child Pugh B and C (see section 5.2). Pregnancy and breast feeding (see section 4.6). 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use Haemorrhagic risk Several sub-groups of patients, as detailed below, are at increased risk of bleeding. These patients are to be carefully monitored for signs and symptoms of bleeding complications and anaemia after initiation of treatment (see section 4.8). This may be done by regular physical examination of the patients, close observation of the surgical wound drainage and periodic measurements of haemoglobin. Any unexplained fall in haemoglobin or blood pressure should lead to a search for a bleeding site. Although treatment with rivaroxaban does not require routine monitoring of exposure, rivaroxaban levels measured with a calibrated quantitative anti-factor Xa assay may be useful in exceptional situations where knowledge of rivaroxaban exposure may help to inform clinical decisions, e.g., overdose and emergency surgery (see sections 5.1 and 5.2). Renal impairment In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) rivaroxaban plasma levels may be significantly increased (1.6-fold on average) which may lead to an increased bleeding risk.. Xarelto is to be used with caution in patients with creatinine clearance ml/min Use is not recommended in patients with creatinine clearance < 15 ml/min (see sections 4.2 and 5.2). In patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ml/min) concomitantly receiving other medicinal products which increase rivaroxaban plasma concentrations Xarelto is to be used with caution (see section 4.5). Interaction with other medicinal products The use of Xarelto is not recommended in patients receiving concomitant systemic treatment with azole-antimycotics (such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole) or HIV protease inhibitors (e.g. ritonavir). These active substances are strong inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and P-gp and therefore may increase rivaroxaban plasma concentrations to a clinically relevant degree (2.6 fold on average) which may lead to an increased bleeding risk (see section 4.5). Care is to be taken if patients are treated concomitantly with medicinal products affecting haemostasis such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicinal products (NSAIDs), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and platelet aggregation inhibitors. For patients at risk of ulcerative gastrointestinal disease an appropriate prophylactic treatment may be considered (see section 4.5). Other haemorrhagic risk factors As with other antithrombotics, rivaroxaban is to be used with caution in patients with an increased bleeding risk such as: congenital or acquired bleeding disorders uncontrolled severe arterial hypertension other gastrointestinal disease without active ulceration that can potentially lead to bleeding complications (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease) vascular retinopathy bronchiectasis or history of pulmonary bleeding 4

5 Hip fracture surgery Rivaroxaban has not been studied in clinical trials in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery to evaluate efficacy and safety in these patients. Therefore, rivaroxaban is not recommended in these patients. Spinal/epidural anaesthesia or puncture When neuraxial anaesthesia (spinal/epidural anaesthesia) or spinal puncture is employed, patients treated with anticoagulant agents for prevention of thromboembolic complications are at risk of developing an epidural or spinal haematoma which can result in long-term or permanent paralysis [See boxed warning]. The risk of these events may be increased by the post-operative use of indwelling epidural catheters or the concomitant use of medicinal products affecting haemostasis. The risk may also be increased by traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal puncture. Patients are to be frequently monitored for signs and symptoms of neurological impairment (e.g. numbness or weakness of the legs, bowel or bladder dysfunction). If neurological compromise is noted, urgent diagnosis and treatment is necessary. Prior to neuraxial intervention the physician should consider the potential benefit versus the risk in anticoagulated patients or in patients to be anticoagulated for thromboprophylaxis. To reduce the potential risk of bleeding associated with the concurrent use of rivaroxaban and epidural or spinal anesthesia/analgesia or spinal puncture, consider the pharmacokinetic profile of rivaroxaban [see section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties]. Placement or removal of an epidural catheter or lumbar puncture is best performed when the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban is low; however, the exact timing to reach a sufficiently low anticoagulant effect in each patient is not known. At least 18 hours should elapse after the last administration of rivaroxaban before removal of an epidural catheter. Following removal of the catheter, at least 6 hours should elapse before the next rivaroxaban dose is administered If traumatic puncture occurs the administration of rivaroxaban is to be delayed for 24 hours. Should the physician decide to administer anticoagulation in the context of epidural or spinal anesthesia/analgesia or lumbar puncture, monitor frequently to detect any signs or symptoms of neurological impairment, such as midline back pain, sensory and motor deficits (numbness, tingling, or weakness in lower limbs), bowel and/or bladder dysfunction. Instruct patients to immediately report if they experience any of the above signs or symptoms. If signs or symptoms of spinal hematoma are suspected, initiate urgent diagnosis and treatment including consideration for spinal cord decompression even though such treatment may not prevent or reverse neurological sequelae. Dosing recommendations before and after invasive procedures and surgical intervention other than elective hip or knee replacement surgery If an invasive procedure or surgical intervention is required, Xarelto should be stopped at least 24 hours before the intervention, if possible and based on the clinical judgement of the physician. If the procedure cannot be delayed the increased risk of bleeding should be assessed against the urgency of the intervention. Xarelto should be restarted after the invasive procedure or surgical intervention as soon as possible provided the clinical situation allows and adequate haemostasis has been established as determined by the treating physician (see section 5.2). Elderly population Increasing age may increase haemorrhagic risk (see section 5.2). Information about excipients Xarelto contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicinal product. 5

6 Increased Risk of Thrombotic Events after Premature Discontinuation Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant, including Xarelto, in the absence of adequate alternative anticoagulation increases the risk of thrombotic events. An increased rate of stroke was observed during the transition from Xarelto to warfarin in clinical trials in atrial fibrillation patients. If Xarelto is discontinued for a reason other than pathological bleeding or completion of a course of therapy, consider coverage with another anticoagulant [for conversion instructions see Dosage and Administration (4.2)] 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitors Co-administration of rivaroxaban with ketoconazole (400 mg once a day) or ritonavir (600 mg twice a day) led to a 2.6 fold / 2.5 fold increase in mean rivaroxaban AUC and a 1.7 fold / 1.6 fold increase in mean rivaroxaban C max, with significant increases in pharmacodynamic effects which may lead to an increased bleeding risk. Therefore, the use of Xarelto is not recommended in patients receiving concomitant systemic treatment with azole-antimycotics such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole or HIV protease inhibitors. These active substances are strong inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and P-gp (see section 4.4). Active substances strongly inhibiting only one of the rivaroxaban elimination pathways, either CYP3A4 or P-gp, are expected to increase rivaroxaban plasma concentrations to a lesser extent. Clarithromycin (500 mg twice a day), for instance, considered as a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and moderate P-gp inhibitor, led to a 1.5 fold increase in mean rivaroxaban AUC and a 1.4 fold increase in C max. This increase is not considered clinically relevant. (For patients with renal impairment: see section 4.4). Erythromycin (500 mg three times a day), which inhibits CYP3A4 and P-gp moderately, led to a 1.3 fold increase in mean rivaroxaban AUC and C max. This increase is not considered clinically relevant. In subjects with mild renal impairment erythromycin (500 mg three times a day) led to a 1.8 fold increase in mean rivaroxaban AUC and 1.6 fold increase in CR max when compared to subjects with normal renal function. In subjects with moderate renal impairment, erythromycin led to a 2.0 fold increase in mean rivaroxaban AUC and 1.6 fold increase in CR max when compared to subjects with normal renal function. The effect of erythromycin is additive to that of renal impairment (see section 4.4). Fluconazole (400 mg once daily), considered as a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, led to a 1.4 fold increase in mean rivaroxaban AUC and a 1.3 fold increase in mean Cmax. This increase is not considered clinically relevant. Given the limited clinical data available with dronedarone, co-administration with rivaroxaban should be avoided. Anticoagulants After combined administration of enoxaparin (40 mg single dose) with rivaroxaban (10 mg single dose) an additive effect on anti-factor Xa activity was observed without any additional effects on clotting tests (PT, aptt). Enoxaparin did not affect the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban. Due to the increased bleeding risk care is to be taken if patients are treated concomitantly with any other anticoagulants (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). 6

7 NSAIDs/platelet aggregation inhibitors No clinically relevant prolongation of bleeding time was observed after concomitant administration of rivaroxaban (15 mg) and 500 mg naproxen. Nevertheless, there may be individuals with a more pronounced pharmacodynamic response. No clinically significant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions were observed when rivaroxaban was co-administered with 500 mg acetylsalicylic acid. Clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose followed by 75 mg maintenance dose) did not show a pharmacokinetic interaction with rivaroxaban (15 mg) but a relevant increase in bleeding time was observed in a subset of patients which was not correlated to platelet aggregation, P-selectin or GPIIb/IIIa receptor levels. Care is to be taken if patients are treated concomitantly with NSAIDs (including acetylsalicylic acid) and platelet aggregation inhibitors because these medicinal products typically increase the bleeding risk (see section 4.4). Warfarin Converting patients from the vitamin K antagonist warfarin (INR 2.0 to 3.0) to rivaroxaban (20 mg) or from rivaroxaban (20 mg) to warfarin (INR 2.0 to 3.0) increased prothrombin time/inr (Neoplastin) more than additively (individual INR values up to 12 may be observed), whereas effects on aptt, inhibition of factor Xa activity and endogenous thrombin potential were additive. If it is desired to test the pharmacodynamic effects of rivaroxaban during the conversion period, anti-factor Xa activity, PiCT, and Heptest can be used as these tests were not affected by warfarin. On the fourth day after the last dose of warfarin, all tests (including PT, aptt, inhibition of factor Xa activity and ETP) reflected only the effect of rivaroxaban. If it is desired to test the pharmacodynamic effects of warfarin during the conversion period, INR measurement can be used at the C trough of rivaroxaban (24 hours after the previous intake of rivaroxaban) as this test is minimally affected by rivaroxaban at this time point. No pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between warfarin and rivaroxaban. CYP3A4 inducers Co-administration of rivaroxaban with the strong CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin led to an approximate 50 % decrease in mean rivaroxaban AUC, with parallel decreases in its pharmacodynamic effects. The concomitant use of rivaroxaban with other strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g. phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital or St. John s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) may also lead to reduced rivaroxaban plasma concentrations. Therefore, concomitant administration of strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided unless the patient is closely observed for signs and symptoms of thrombosis. Other concomitant therapies No clinically significant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions were observed when rivaroxaban was co-administered with midazolam (substrate of CYP3A4), digoxin (substrate of P-gp), atorvastatin (substrate of CYP3A4 and P-gp) or omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor). Rivaroxaban neither inhibits nor induces any major CYP isoforms like CYP3A4. No clinically relevant interaction with food was observed (see section 4.2). Laboratory parameters Clotting parameters (e.g. PT, aptt, HepTest) are affected as expected by the mode of action of rivaroxaban (see section 5.1). 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and breast feeding Pregnancy Safety and efficacy of Xarelto have not been established in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). Due to the potential reproductive toxicity, the intrinsic risk of bleeding and the evidence that rivaroxaban passes the placenta, Xarelto is contraindicated during pregnancy (see section 4.3). Women of child bearing potential should avoid becoming pregnant during treatment with rivaroxaban. 7

8 Breast feeding Safety and efficacy of Xarelto have not been established in breast feeding women. Data from animals indicate that rivaroxaban is secreted into milk. Therefore Xarelto is contraindicated during breast-feeding (see section 4.3). A decision must be made whether to discontinue breast feeding or to discontinue/abstain from therapy. Fertility No specific studies with rivaroxaban in humans have been conducted to evaluate effects on fertility. In a study on male and female fertility in rats no effects were seen (see section 5.3). 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines Xarelto has minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Adverse reactions like syncope (frequency: uncommon) and dizziness (frequency: common) have been reported (see section 4.8). Patients experiencing these adverse reactions should not drive or use machines. 4.8 Undesirable effects Summary of the safety profile The safety of rivaroxaban has been evaluated in eleven phase III studies including 32,625 patients exposed to rivaroxaban (see Table 1). Table 1: Number of patients studied, maximum daily dose and treatment duration in phase III studies Indication Prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery Prevention of venous thromboembolism in medically ill patients Treatment of DVT and prevention of recurrent DVT and PE Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation Prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACS Number of patients* *Patients exposed to at least one dose of rivaroxaban 8 Maximum daily dose Maximum treatment duration 6, mg 39 days 3, mg 39 days 2,194 Day 1-21: 30 mg Day 22 and onwards: 20 mg 21 months 7, mg 41 months 10,225 5 mg or 10 mg respectively, coadministered with either ASA or ASA plus clopidogrel or ticlopidine 31 months The most commonly reported adverse reactions in patients receiving rivaroxaban were bleedings (see section 4.4. and Description of selected adverse reactions below). The most commonly reported bleedings ( 4 %) were epistaxis (5.9 %) and gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage (4.2 %). In total about 67% of patients exposed to at least one dose of rivaroxaban were reported with treatment emergent adverse events. About 22% of the patients experienced adverse events considered related to treatment as assessed by investigators. In patients treated with 10 mg Xarelto undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery and in hospitalised medically ill patients,

9 bleeding events occurred in approximately 6.8% and 12.6% of patients, respectively, and anaemia occurred in approximately 5.9% and 2.1% of patients, respectively. In patients treated with either 15 mg twice daily Xarelto followed by 20 mg once daily for treatment of DVT or PE, or with 20 mg once daily for prevention of recurrent DVT and PE, bleeding events occurred in approximately 27.8% of patients and anaemia occurred in approximately 2.2% of patients. In patients treated for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism, bleeding of any type or severity was reported with an event rate of 28 per 100 patient years, and anaemia with an event rate of 2.5 per 100 patient years. In patients treated for prevention of atherothrombotic events after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), bleeding of any type or severity was reported with an event rate of 22 per 100 patient years. Anaemia was reported with an event rate of 1.4 per 100 patient years. Tabulated list of adverse reactions The frequencies of adverse reactions reported with Xarelto are summarized in table 2 below by system organ class (in MedDRA) and by frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common ( 1/10) common ( 1/100 to < 1/10) uncommon ( 1/1,000 to < 1/100) rare ( 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000) very rare (< 1/10,000) Not known( cannot be estimated from the available data). Table 2: All treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported in patients in phase III studies Common Uncommon Rare Not known Blood and lymphatic system disorders Anaemia (incl. Thrombocythemia respective (incl. platelet laboratory count increased) A parameters) Immune system disorders Allergic reaction, dermatitis allergic Nervous system disorders Dizziness, headache, Eye disorders Eye haemorrhage (incl. conjunctival haemorrhage) Cardiac disorders Cerebral and intracranial haemorrhage, syncope Tachycardia Vascular disorders Hypotension, haematoma Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Epistaxis haemoptysis Gastrointestinal disorders 9

11 Common Uncommon Rare Not known Increase in transaminases Increased bilirubin, increased blood alkaline phosphatase A, increased LDH A, increased lipase A, increased amylase A, increased GGT A Bilirubin conjugated increased (with or without concomitant increase of ALT) Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Postprocedural haemorrhage (incl. postoperative anaemia, and wound haemorrhage), contusion, wound secretion A Vascular pseudoaneurysmpc A: observed in prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery B: observed in treatment of DVT, PE and prevention of recurrence as very common in women < 55 years C: observed as uncommon in prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACS (following percutaneous coronary intervention) Description of selected adverse reactions Due to the pharmacological mode of action, the use of Xarelto may be associated with an increased risk of occult or overt bleeding from any tissue or organ which may result in post haemorrhagic anaemia. The signs, symptoms, and severity (including fatal outcome) will vary according to the location and degree or extent of the bleeding and/or anaemia. (see section 4.9 Management of bleeding). In the clinical studies mucosal bleedings (i.e. epistaxis, gingival, gastrointestinal, genito urinary) and anemia were seen more frequently during long term rivaroxaban treatment compared with VKA treatment. Thus, in addition to adequate clinical surveillance, laboratory testing of haemoglobin/haematocrit could be of value to detect occult bleeding, as judged to be appropriate The risk of bleedings may be increased in certain patient groups e.g. those patients with uncontrolled severe arterial hypertension and/or on concomitant treatment affecting haemostasis (see Haemorrhagic risk in section 4.4). Menstrual bleeding may be intensified and/or prolonged. Haemorrhagic complications may present as weakness, paleness, dizziness, headache or unexplained swelling, dyspnoea and unexplained shock. In some cases as a consequence of anaemia symptoms of cardiac ischaemia like chest pain or angina pectoris have been observed. Known complications secondary to severe bleeding such as compartment syndrome and renal failure due to hypoperfusion have been reported for Xarelto. Therefore, the possibility of haemorrhage is to be considered in evaluating the condition in any anticoagulated patient. Post-marketing observations Angioedema and allergic oedema have been reported post-marketing in temporal association with the use of Xarelto. The frequency of these adverse reactions reported from post-marketing experience cannot be estimated. In the pooled phase III trials, these events were uncommon ( 1/1,000 to < 1/100). 11

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HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use XARELTO (rivaroxaban) safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for XARELTO. XARELTO

Dabigatran (Pradaxa) Guidelines Dabigatran is a new anticoagulant for reducing the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor, similar to warfarin, without