Sailors urged to join global study of plankton

A mobile phone app called Secchi has been launched to allow
thousands of seafarers around the world to take part in a global study of
plankton.

The unique public science project will measure the amount of
phytoplankton – the minute organisms that are at the very start of the ocean’s
complex food chain.

Scientists fear the population of the microscopic beings is
in decline due to rising sea temperatures.

If true, a lack of phytoplankton could have consequences for
every aspect of marine life as there would be less food around to support the
marine food chain.

To check the levels of phytoplankton in our oceans, marine
experts have developed a smart phone app for sailors and fishermen around the
world to use.

Because the phytoplankton – that are each thinner than a
strand of human hair – exist at the sunlit sea surface, mariners will need to
carry out a simple experiment using an easy to make, 30cm diameter, white disk
known as a Secchi Disk.

Attached to a measuring tape, the Secchi Disk is lowered
over the side of a boat and the depth at which it disappears from sight
estimates the amount of phytoplankton in the sea.

This depth is then uploaded to a database using the Secchi
app.

The scientists, based at Plymouth University, hope to build
up a map of the oceans that charts the seasonal and annual changes of
phytoplankton from now and into the future.

The free app is called Secchi after Father Pietro Angelo
Secchi, an astronomer who invented the disk device in 1865 to measure water
turbidity in the Mediterranean.

The project is being led by Dr Richard Kirby, a plankton
biologist at the Plymouth University’s Marine Institute.

He said: ‘As the phytoplankton live at the surface of
the sea they are being affected by rising sea temperatures due to climate
change.

‘A scientific paper published last year suggested that
since the industrial revolution the ocean’s plankton population had declined by
as much as 40 percent since 1950.

‘We need to know more about how the phytoplankton are
changing in order to understand the effects on the ocean’s biology.

‘Phytoplankton underpins the marine food chain, without
it the seas would be a barren wilderness.

‘Like all marine creatures, phytoplankton have a
preferred optimum sea temperature no matter where they are in the world and
therefore they will either move to different areas or decrease in number if the
sea temperature changes.

‘The Secchi Disks are still used by marine scientists
to study phytoplankton but there are too few scientists to survey the world’s
oceans as well as we would wish.’

He added:’This app enables seafarers around the world to take
part in a science project.

‘If we can just get a small percentage of the global
population of sailors involved we can generate a database that will help us
understand how life in the oceans is changing.

‘It would help us learn much more about these important
organisms at a crucial time when their habitat is altering due to climate
change.’

Sailors are encouraged to take a Secchi Depth reading
whenever and wherever they can.

Professor Sam Lavender, whose company Pixalytics Ltd is
maintaining the Secchi Disk database, said: ‘We hope that all seafarers,
whether a sailor or angler, will enjoy taking part and will see how easily they
can help create a truly unique and important scientific database for future
research.’

Over time, the interactive data set will be linked with
satellite remote sensing data of ocean colour to create a resource for both the
general public and scientists alike.

Dr Nicholas Outram, developer of the iOS smartphone app
said: ‘Our goal was to make the Secchi app as simple to use as possible
when at sea.

‘It will upload the data you collect automatically to
the Secchi Disk database when you reach port and get a network
connection.’

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