Thomas Wolfe was born to Julia and W.O. Wolfe in 1900. The youngest of eight children, he grew up living in the boardinghouse operated by his mother in Asheville, North Carolina. His childhood experiences influenced him greatly and aided the development of his future literary topics. Known as Asheville’s favorite son, he eventually became one of America’s most famous authors. The characters in his 1929 bestseller, Look Homeward, Angel, are loosely based on members of his family and other Asheville citizens. Upon its publication, the depictions were deemed so scandalous that Wolfe and his family were severely criticized in their hometown. This led to another book with the now-famous anecdotal title, You Can’t Go Home Again. However, history and Asheville have forgiven Thomas Wolfe. Today he is remembered by his works and honored by a State Historic Site preserving his boyhood home annexed to a modern museum – all located in downtown Asheville.

Wolfe’s Family and Childhood

William Wolfe was a successful Pennsylvania stonecutter who had relocated to Asheville when his second wife became ill with tuberculosis. Like George Vanderbilt before him and E. W. Grove later, Wolfe hoped the mountain air would have a curative effect on his ailing wife. After her death, William met and married Julia Westall, an Asheville native, who became Tom’s mother. It is a strange, regional coincidence how the dreaded affliction, tuberculosis, influenced the lives of Vanderbilt, Grove, Thomas Wolfe, and ultimately, Asheville.

Julia had a keen mind for business and real estate. By 1906, she had bought and was running a 29-room boardinghouse in downtown Asheville. Called the Old Kentucky Home, it was located near the Wolfe family’s house which sat where the YMCA is located today. Finding it difficult to maintain two households, Julia eventually took young Tom and moved into the boardinghouse permanently. She was still active as mother and wife within her family; however, she and Tom now permanently occupied the house “across the street.”

Growing up in the Old Kentucky Home had a profound, formative effect on young Tom. It was a place where, smothered by the constant nearness of his mother’s boarders, he never really felt at home. His brothers and sisters came and went at the boardinghouse. Here Tom developed a special attachment to his older brother, Ben – in part because Ben took his own special interest in Tom. Ben had time for Tom, and the boy never forgot it.

Wolfe’s Life and Works

Thomas Wolfe grew quickly, physically and academically. The world beyond Asheville’s mountains beckoned, and Tom answered. He was only fifteen, already standing six feet, seven inches tall, when he enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In a literature class, Tom was assigned an essay titled “Who I Am.” Without hesitation, he wrote about his colorful family; his classmates were certain it was fiction. This experiment with autobiographical writing foreshadowed his later works.

After graduation, Tom enrolled at Harvard and eventually ended up teaching and writing in New York City. He found an opportunity to travel and made one of several trips to Europe. He lived fast and worked hard, soon exhausting himself writing, revising, and teaching. By March 1928 his first novel was complete.

The autobiographical nature of the novel was forthright and brutally frank. Tom feared that his book might not be well received in his home town. He journeyed to Asheville with a preemptive warning for his family. Each parent, brother, and sister was a vivid character in the story, as were numerous citizens of Asheville. Their lives – under the thin guise of fiction – were about to be offered for the general perusal of the world. When the book, Look Homeward, Angel, was published in 1929, Tom’s premonitions of Asheville’s reactions were fulfilled. He and his family suffered the community’s anger for many years.

Over the next eight years, Tom published additional books and articles, and his fame continued to increase. His name was mentioned synonymously with other great living authors like Hemingway and Fitzgerald. However, his life ended much too early. In 1938 he was stricken and died of cerebral tuberculosis. He was only 37 years old.
In death Tom accomplished something he could never reach in life, the forgiveness and recognition by his beloved hometown of Asheville. After a wake at the Old Kentucky Home, funeral services were held at the First Presbyterian Church. The church was packed with townspeople paying homage. With bowed heads, citizens from throughout western North Carolina lined the streets to the cemetery as the hearse passed on its way to Riverside Cemetery. Thomas Wolfe had finally come home.

Wolfe Remembered

Today, fans of heritage, history, and Thomas Wolfe can visit the The Old Kentucky Home in Asheville. It is beautifully preserved with original furnishings arranged by family members very much the way it appeared when the writer lived there. Guests can relax in rocking chairs on the spacious front porch much like boarders did one hundred years ago. The house is adjacent to a contemporary, modern museum. Together they make up the Thomas Wolfe Memorial Historic Site. The spacious and comfortable museum features an audiovisual biography of Wolfe and a self-guided exhibit hall that is rich with artifacts, photos, and information about Wolfe’s life and times. Be sure to take note of the regional relationship emphasized by the exhibit. Interpreters are available to answer questions and provide regular tours of the house.

The web links below provide useful information for those planning a visit to the Wolfe Memorial or for those simply interested in the author – and wishing to learn more about the heritage we all share with late 19th- and early 20th-century Asheville.

Online Resources:

Multimedia:

Below is the Digital Heritage Moment as broadcast on the radio:

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About The Digital Heritage Project

DigitalHeritage.org includes essays, video interviews, and other materials created by the students of Western Carolina University. It also includes regional lesson plans created by teachers participating in the Adventure of the American Mind project sponsored by the Library of Congress. Radio spots created by WCU faculty and students may be heard on stations WKSF-FM, WMXF-AM, WPEK-AM, WWCU-FM, and WWNC-AM. A print version is available each month in the Laurel of Asheville.