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Maps of the chaetotaxy and scanning electron micrographs supplement a text description of the larva and pupa of Scrobipalpula patagonica Povolný (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae: Gnorimoschemini). Scrobipalpula patagonica is a gall inquiline of Suaeda divaricata Moq. (Amaranthaceae) in the “Monte” region of Argentina. The habitus of S. patagonica is provided along with images of the semiarid habitat of its host plant and associated gall. The parasitoids known to attack S. patagonica are summarized.

One new genus and one new species from Bolivia are described in the tribe Acanthocephalini (Coreidae). Photographs of the adult, the parameres, and male genital capsule are provided. Diagnostic information is given to distinguish Bermejanus bifidus from other genera and species of Acanthocephalini. A list of the genera included in the tribe is given.

Epinotia hopkinsana cupressi Heinrich is elevated to species status, and E. hopkinsana (Kearfott) and E. cupressi are differentiated based on morphological and host plant differences. Two new species of Epinotia Hübner, [1825] are described and illustrated: E. ephemerana, new species, from Plumas and Riverside counties, California, U.S.A.; and E. wrighti, new species, from Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah,Washington, andWyoming, U.S.A., British Columbia, Canada, and Durango, Mexico. The two new species and new status bring the total number of described species in the genus to 187.

Despite having only one named species, confusion surrounds the identity of Afroserphus wasps. We hereby describe Afroserphus masneri Buffington, Copeland and van Noort, new species, to accommodate some of the specimens previously attributed to Afroserphus bicornis Masner, and redescribe A. bicornis in the process, including description of the female. Afroserphus fisheri Buffington, Copeland and van Noort, new species, is described based on a unique male from Madagascar, extending the genus to that island. We also present new collection records for Afroserphus, as well as habitat preferences and phenological data.

The description of larval stages of Anastrepha species is a priority from both taxonomic and quarantine viewpoints. In this study, we describe and illustrate for the first time the second and third instar larvae of Anastrepha amita Zucchi, and the third instar larvae of Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi and Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi. All specimens analyzed herein were collected in Brazil. We also discuss character states that can be used to distinguish among the three species.

This is the first in a series of four papers reviewing the 55 species and one incertae sedis in the genus Cladonota Stål (Hemiptera: Membracidae). The genus Cladonota contains four subgenera: Cladonota Stål, Falculifera McKamey, Lecythifera Fowler, and Lobocladisca Stål. This paper treats the seven species of the subgenus Falculifera McKamey, which includes C. apicalis (Stål), C. benitezi Arnaud, C. bolivari (Peláez), C. clavigera (Stål), C. luctuosa (Peláez), C. rothschildi n. sp., and C. zeledoni (Peláez). Cladonota rothschildi n. sp. is from Costa Rica. Keys, illustrations, and diagnoses are given for each species treated.

Six species of Cecidomyiidae are described from five galls on mountainmint, Pycnanthemum spp.: Ametrodiplosis geminata n. sp. and Dasineura laquerrarum n. sp. from two leaf bud galls, Lasioptera lorrainae n. sp. and Neolasioptera truncata n. sp. from two stem galls, Ametrodiplosis recondita n. sp. from rhizome galls and Hypogeadiplosis (n. g.) intrusa n. sp., an inquiline in the rhizome galls. The genus Ametrodiplosis is redescribed and the five previously described other Nearctic species, including Ametrodiplosis piperitae (Felt), new combination, are reviewed. The several Neolasioptera species that occur on Lamiaceae are reviewed. Neolasioptera menthae Felt is unidentifiable and is considered a nomen dubium. Changes are made to the generic key of Gagné 2018 to accommodate the new genus Hypogeadiplosis.

A new species, Asphondylia uvarum Gagné, is reported that feeds on grape berries in southwestern USA and northern Mexico. It is described and illustrated and compared in detail to the Japanese Asphondylia baca Monzen that is also known from grape as well as other Vitaceae and Caprifoliaceae. A general description of the genus Asphondylia is presented. Asphondylia mimosae Felt and Asphondylia prosopidis Felt are removed from Asphondylia and placed as new combinations in Hemiasphondylia. Hemiasphondylia mimosae Möhn is a junior homonym and takes the available replacement name, Hemiasphondylia mimosicola Gagné.

The detection of Deraeocoris orientalis (Distant) [Heteroptera: Miridae] from Oahu and Maui, Hawaii, provides the first Hawaiian and U.S. records for this deraeocorine plant bug, which becomes the first member of the mainly predatory subfamily Deraeocorinae recorded from the state. A Neotropical psyllid, Euceropsylla orizabensis (Crawford) [Auchenorrhyncha: Psyllidae], from Oahu was found with D. orientalis at several sites, also is a new addition to Hawaii and the U.S. fauna. A few specimens of another Neotropical psyllid, Heteropsylla hausachae Caldwell, previously recorded from Hawaii, also were associated with D. orientalis. Both psyllids probably serve as prey for the mirid. Diagnoses, descriptions, and illustrations of the adult male and female of D. orientalis and E. orizabensis are provided to facilitate identification of these newly discovered hemipterans. Adults and nymphs of both species, along with H. hausachae, were found on monkeypod, Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. [Fabaceae] on Oahu.

Six species of the subgenus Mucidus Theobald, genus Aedes Meigen, in the Afrotropical Region are treated in a pictorial key based on diagnostic morphological features of female and male adults. These are Ae. (Muc.) scatophagoides, Ae. (Muc.) sudanensis, Ae. (Muc.) mucidus, Ae. (Muc.) grahamii, Ae. (Muc.) nigerrimus and Ae. (Muc.) lucianus. Images of the diagnostic morphological structures of the adult head, legs and wings are included.

The sexual generation of Andricus wuhanensis Ide, Abe, Su and Zhu, new species is described from Mainland China. The gall of this species is similar to the sexual generation galls of A. pseudocurvator Tang and Melika and A. moriokae Monzen, but the adult wasps of the three species differ morphologically. The asexual generation gall of A. pseudocurvator was previously reported as that of A. moriokae from Japan, but the adult morphology has not yet been described; therefore, we here describe the asexual generation adult of A. pseudocurvator for the first time. Andricus pseudocurvator is here first recorded from Mainland China and Japan.

In 1998, the Japanese cedar longhorned beetle, Callidiellum rufipenne (Motschulsky, 1861), was discovered in Connecticut where its larvae bored into living plants in the Cupressaceae. A survey conducted between 1999 and 2005 indicated that the alien beetle was restricted to the southern part of the state. In 2015, adults were reared from dead wood collected north of the range known in 2005. A new survey was conducted in 2016–2017 to ascertain how far the exotic beetle had spread since the first survey. In the new survey, adults were captured in cross-vane panel traps that had lures of mixed (six-carbon) ketones and ethanol. At least one of the ketones apparently was an aggregation or sex pheromone. In two areas without traps, adults emerged from dead cedar wood. Based upon adult captures in traps and upon rearing, the Japanese cedar longhorn has spread northward to the border with Massachusetts. It was discovered in 157 (95.2%) of 165 towns surveyed. Of 187 panel traps with lures, 171 (91.4%) captured adults, suggesting that the trapping method was effective. Cupressaceous plants, especially stressed ones, in garden centers, landscaped areas, and natural areas are now at risk of attack statewide.

Based on a recent phylogenetic analysis, Toxotrypana Gerstaecker (1860) is here placed in synonymy with Anastrepha Schiner (1868). Although Toxotrypana is the senior name, Anastrepha is recognized as valid because of the much greater economic significance of its species. Changing the names of the many pest species of Anastrepha would cause major nomenclatural instability and confusion in the applied literature, therefore a proposal to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has been submitted to validate this usage. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Anastrepha australis (Blanchard 1960), new combination, Anastrepha curvicauda (Gerstaecker 1860), new combination, Anastrepha littoralis (Blanchard 1960), new combination, Anastrepha nigra (Blanchard 1960), new combination, Anastrepha picciola (Blanchard 1960), new combination, Anastrepha proseni (Blanchard 1960), new combination, Anastrepha recurcauda (Tigrero 1992), new combination (all transferred from Toxotrypana), and Anastrepha nigrina Norrbom, new name for Anastrepha nigra Norrbom and Korytkowski (2009). Some changes to the species group classification within Anastrepha are also discussed.

We describe two new species of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from the Western Hemisphere that feed on Fabaceae: Stigmella mimosae Diškus and Stonis, new species, on Mimosa albida Willd. (Caesalpinioideae), and Acalyptris minimus Diškus and Stonis, new species, on Centrolobium ochroxylum Rose ex Rudd. (Faboideae). Centrolobium ochroxylum is an economically important tree in South America that is exported for timber. The new species are illustrated with photographs of the adults, genitalia, and the leaf mines.

Pygmy moths (Nepticulidae) associated with Asteraceae are poorly known and very rare worldwide. Recently, we discoveredmany leaf-mining nepticulids in South America feeding on Asteraceae. We review all known records of Asteraceae-feeding Nepticulidae, which in the Neotropics (including the Andes and Patagonia) previously included only Stigmella Schrank. We describe six new species of Stigmella from equatorial South America: S. jungiae Diškus and Stonis, n. sp. (feeding on Jungia L.f.), S. aeneola Diškus and Stonis, n. sp., S. violea Diškus and Stonis, n. sp., S. bracteata Diškus and Stonis, n. sp. (feeding on Liabum Adans.), S. spatiosa Diškus and Stonis, n. sp. (feeding on Ageratina Spach), and S. auripennata Diškus and Stonis, n. sp. (feeding on Baccharis L.). All new taxa are illustrated with photographs of the adults, their genitalia, and leaf mines. Additionally, leaf mines of three unknown nepticulid taxa on Jungia (aff. J. polita Griseb.), Piptocoma discolor (Kunth) Pruski, Gynoxys laurifolia (Kunth) Cass., and G. acostae Cuatrec. are documented for the first time. We diagnose and designate two new species groups and one new species complex in Stigmella.We discuss the origin and diversity of Asteraceae in the Neotropics and illustrate the distribution of Stigmella species feeding on representatives of Asteraceae at the tribal level.

A new harpactorine species is herein described: Authenta nigriventris Swanson, n. sp. from Tanzania. An updated key to the species of AuthentaBergroth, 1894 and the first record of Authenta subsimilis Horváth, 1914 from Nigeria also are included.

Condylops (Neocondylops) obrieni Wittmer is a small (1.8 mm long), shiny blue melyrid of the subfamily Malachiinae. It is the only Nearctic member of an otherwise Old World genus. Described from Florida in the late 1980s, it has been collected in southeastern Alabama and is newly reported from Georgia, with additional records from Alabama and Florida. Seasonality and mating behavior were observed in the Ohoopee Dunes system of southeastern Georgia from 2011 to 2016 and in 2018. Adults were found from early February to early May in ultra-xeric communities, especially on Florida rosemary (Ceratiola ericoides Michx.; Ericaceae) and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens [W. Bartram] Small; Arecaceae). The wider leaf blades of saw palmetto facilitated behavioral observations, in contrast to the needlelike leaves of Florida rosemary. Males typically appeared a few days before females, whereas females began to predominate by early April. Early in the season, solitary adults (mainly females) fed on pine pollen adhering to leaves of saw palmetto. Sexual interaction began by late February, with males running up and down leaves behind females. Periodically, a pair would stop, the male circling the female, before the pair initiated antennal interplay; after separating, some pairs resumed head-to-head contact. Of the approximately 75 pairs that were observed, courtship resulted in only two copulations. In pairs already found in copula, males remained immobile, slightly above the substrate ventral surface up, as the female walked up and down leaves. Males remained unresponsive when approached by other males.

Porpomiris curtulus (Reuter), a plant bug of the mirine tribe Stenodemini, is newly reported from Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, and South Dakota. Additional records from Nebraska (26 counties) and one from New Jersey are presented. All specimens (except those from New Jersey) were taken on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.; Poaceae). Nymphs were collected in Nebraska from reproductive structures of switchgrass in roadside plantings in areas of the once-extensive eastern tallgrass prairie, Sandhills prairie of north-central counties, and mixed-grass prairie west to the eastern fringe of shortgrass prairie in the panhandle. Overwintered eggs hatched in mid-June to early July as inflorescences of switchgrass were emerging from leaf sheaths, with adults appearing in July during flower expansion (anthesis). Nymphs of a second generation fed on developing and ripened seeds in mid- to late summer, with late-hatching first instars of a second generation observed in southern Nebraska in early September. Adult females sometimes persisted until late September. At a coastal site in New Jersey, adults were collected from redtop panicgrass (Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees), suggesting that this congeneric grass might also support nymphal development.