''Ntpd'' can also be configured to be started by your network manager, so that the daemon only runs when the computer is online.

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''Ntpd'' can also be started by your network manager, so that the daemon only runs when the computer is online.

==== Netctl ====

==== Netctl ====

Revision as of 03:48, 26 February 2014

zh-CN:Network Time Protocol daemonNetwork Time Protocol is the most common method to synchronize the software clock of a GNU/Linux system with internet time servers. It is designed to mitigate the effects of variable network latency and can usually maintain time to within tens of milliseconds over the public Internet. The accuracy on local area networks is even better, up to one millisecond.

The NTP Project provides a reference implementation of the protocol called simply NTP. An alternative to NTP is Chrony, a dial-up friendly and specifically designed for systems that are not online all the time, and OpenNTPD, part of the OpenBSD project and currently not maintained for Linux.

This article further describes how to set up and run the NTP daemon, both as a client and as a server.

Installation

Configuration

The ntp package provides a default configuration file that should make ntpd work out of the box in client mode, without requiring custom configuration.

Also refer to the manual pages: man ntp.conf and the related man {ntpd|ntp_auth|ntp_mon|ntp_acc|ntp_clock|ntp_misc}.

Configuring connection to NTP servers

If you want to configure /etc/ntp.conf manually, first thing you define is the servers your machine will synchronize to.

NTP servers are classified in a hierarchical system with many levels called strata: the devices which are considered independent time sources are classified as stratum 0 sources; the servers directly connected to stratum 0 devices are classified as stratum 1 sources; servers connected to stratum 1 sources are then classified as stratum 2 sources and so on.

It has to be understood that a server's stratum cannot be taken as an indication of its accuracy or reliability. Typically, stratum 2 servers are used for general synchronization purposes: if you do not already know the servers you are going to connect to, you should use the pool.ntp.org servers (alternative link) and choose the server pool that is closest to your location.

The iburst option is recommended, and sends a burst of packets only if it cannot obtain a connection with the first attempt. The burst option always does this, even on the first attempt, and should never be used without explicit permission and may result in blacklisting.

Configuring your own NTP server

If setting up an NTP server, you need to add local clock as a server, so that, in case it loses internet access, it will continue serving time to the network; add local clock as a stratum 10 server (using the fudge command) so that it will never be used unless internet access is lost:

server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

Next, define the rules that will allow clients to connect to your service (localhost is considered a client too) using the restrict command; you should already have a line like this in your file:

restrict default nomodify nopeer noquery

This restricts everyone from modifying anything and prevents everyone from querying the status of your time server: nomodify prevents reconfiguring ntpd (with ntpq or ntpdc), and noquery prevents dumping status data from ntpd (also with ntpq or ntpdc).

You can also add other options:

restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

Note: This still allows other people to query your time server. You need to add noserve to stop serving time. It will also block time synchronization since it blocks all packets except ntpq and ntpdc queries.

If you want to change any of these, see the full docs for the "restrict" option in man ntp_acc, the detailed ntp instructions and #As a daemon.

Following this line, you need to tell ntpd what to allow through into your server; the following line is enough if you are not configuring an NTP server:

restrict 127.0.0.1

If you want to force DNS resolution to the IPv6 namespace, write -6 before the IP address or host name (-4 forces IPv4 instead), for example:

It is relatively difficult to be sure that your driftfile configuration is actually working without waiting a while, as ntpd does not read or write it very often. If you get it wrong, it will log an error; if you get it right, it will update the timestamp. If you do not see any errors about it after a full day of running, and the timestamp is updated, you should be confident of success.

Usage

This section will deal with the usage of ntpd and the other commands provided by the ntp package.

As a daemon

Warning: As of February 2014, ntpd used as a daemon is vulnerable to DDoS attacks in some configurations. Arch's default configuration for ntpd is not vulnerable to CVE-2013-5211 because noquery disables responses for the monlist command. If a user removes noquery from their configuration, and does not add disable monlist, then that user is vulnerable. See the arch-dev mailing list post and the aforementioned CVE report for more information.

The basic command to start the NTP daemon is:

# ntpd

However, it will run as root in the background. Hence, it should always be started specifying the user option:

Check that the daemon is working correctly

Use ntpq to see the list of configured peers:

$ ntpq -p

The delay, offset and jitter columns should be non-zero. The servers ntpd is synchronizing with are prefixed by an asterisk. It can take several minutes before ntpd selects a server to synchronize with; try checking after 17 minutes (1024 seconds).

Without daemon

System time can be synchronized without using the daemon as well. However, this would not be suitable for machines that run without rebooting for more than a few days. To synchronize the system clock just once without starting ntpd in the background, run:

# ntpd -q

Using the -q flag causes the ntpd daemon to set the time once and quit, i.e. not fork to the background.
If the operation is unsuccessful, your system clock will not be synchronized.

The system time also will not be synchronized if the ntp-server's time differs from the system clock by more than a given threshold (so-called panic-gate), in order to protect running system processes. However, the option -g can be used to disable the threshold and allow it to be exceeded, e.g. when the time is set for the first time or if the hardware clock is faulty. .

After updating the system clock, store the system time to the hardware clock so that it is preserved when rebooting:

# hwclock -w

Autostarting

systemd services

Ntpd can be autostarted by systemd at boot.

Start the daemon at boot

The ntp package provides ntpd.service for systemd. Enable it with systemctl to start the daemon at boot.

Alternatively use the command:

# timedatectl set-ntp 1

Synchronize once per boot

Warning: Using this method is discouraged on servers, and in general on machines that run without rebooting for more than a few days.