3 Annual Report OREA Annual Report 2014 OREA Mission Statement The Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology covers essential prehistoric and early historical cultural developments from the Orient to Europe. This mission is reflected in the three core departments Europe, Egypt & the Levant, and Aegean & Anatolia. The orient and occident are frequently understood as counterpoints in different worlds and explored separately. In this research institute, these areas are deliberately considered a common cultural bracket for crucial advances of human (pre)history and are therefore explored together. The focus of basic research lies in the time horizon from the Quaternary, about 2.6 million years ago, to the transformation of societies into historical epochs in the first millennium BC. Research methods include archaeological field work (excavations and surveys), material culture studies with diverse archaeometric methods, and interdisciplinary cooperations with a range of different disciplines include archaeozoology, archaeobotanics, anthracology, biological anthropology, palaeogenetics (adna), climatology, geoarchaeology and landscape modelling. The basic analysis and interpretation of early cultures lies at the core of research efforts, which aim to include all possible sources. The study of chronologies, art and early writing as well as a broad socio-cultural spectrum including religion, ideologies and identities compliment research at the institute. OREA scientists cover a wide range of subjects from Prehistoric Archaeology, Egyptology, Sudanese Archaeology, Near Eastern and early Greek Archaeology to various philologies. Targeted research on different priorities is concentrated in research groups spanning departments and designed to be trans-regional and diachronic. Research groups are constantly being initiated and developed to pick up new trends in the research landscape and trigger new scientific impetus. The Institute publishes six publication series and two international journals. The publications reflect the core research areas and comply with the highest scientific standards through international evaluation procedures and advisory boards. Scientific Activity 2014 (Abstract) The substantive merger of the previous commissions (now departments with substantive modifications) to the new concept of OREA since 01/06/2013 is reflected in the establishment of research groups and a significantly enhanced research focus. The merger led not only to a large archaeological research institute at the Academy, but also to a new international and interdisciplinary research profile. In this sense additional topics were added to the existing research areas from 2014, existing priorities have been developed that combine both the latitude and the chronological depth with socio-cultural research questions of early human development. In 2014 six research groups at OREA were active, including archaeological studies, surveys and excavations in the Central European Danube Region, Italy, Aegean, Anatolia, the Middle East, Egypt and Sudan. New research initiatives in the Balkans during the course of 2014 led to collaborations and projects in South Eastern Europe, which now extend the research field of OREA essential and will close gaps in content. These include new projects with the Institut za Arheologiju in Zagreb and the Muzej u Doboju in Sarajevo, as well as the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in each regional studies that began in With the award of the FWF START Prize to Bettina Bader, she started in 2015 to set up a new research group on Material Culture in Egypt and Nubia in OREA. The activities of the six in 2014 already active research groups are summarized as follows:

4 2 OREA Quaternary Archaeology (Research group leader: Ch. Neugebauer-Maresch) The successfully running branch in Krems ( Gozzoburg ) continues to be used by the state of Lower Austria as a research platform for field work in Krems-Wachtberg and neighboring localities. The unique study of a Palaeolithic micro-region with focused and interdisciplinary research on Palaeolithic stations continues. The since 2005 ongoing excavations at Krems Wachtberg were completed, which give us important new insights into the life of a hunter-gatherer culture around 30,000 years ago. The archaeological and interdisciplinary analysis of this important discovery will still take several years to complete and will be presented in several books. First results were made known in both exhibitions (MAMUZ Asparn / Zaya) and scientific publications (currently Quaternary International 351, 2014). Other activities of the Group included major rescue excavations in the region and monitoring of potential glacial localities. The inventory of the finds from Kammern-Grubgraben (20,000 years) in cooperation with the University of Cologne (Prof. J. Richter) was pursued intensively and is to be completed in These studies form the necessary basis for a proposed stratigraphic evaluation of the already dug site in the future. Financing: running third-party project FWF P-23612, Federal state of Lower Austria and by the City of Vienna. Goesing, Schneiderkeller, palaeolithic rescue excavation 2014 Goesing, Schneiderkeller, palaeolithic rescue excavation 2014 Microdenticulates 1 and 2

5 Annual Report Digital Archaeology (Research group leader: E. Aspöck) The cross-institutional necessity led in 2014 to set up a new group Digital Archaeology.The topics of the research group Digital Archaeology are archaeological e-infrastructures, integration and homogenization of archaeological research data, inter alia, using ontologies and the area of data management. As part of ARIADNE, already implemented at OREA, a data inventory was carried out at OREA, metadata of the analogue and digital resources of projects of the institute have been added. As part of the study also user needs in the area of data management were recorded, workshops on the subjects and the development of the institute s internal standards are planned. Another activity under ARIADNE consists in the mapping of resources of OREA to CIDOC CRM standard, as well as contributing to the expansion of the CIDOC CRM for archaeological data (CRM ARCHAEO; currently excavation data). Two new projects ( Digitizing Early Farming Cultures and A Puzzle in 4D : as-of end of 2014/beginning of 2015) of the research group Digital Archaeology deal mainly with the integration of archaeological research data. During the building up of the new group in 2014 projects to solve digital data complexes were designed that have already been successfully reviewed and approved. In close cooperation with the newly founded Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities ACDH at the Academy as well as various national and international partners, these new projects (as-of late 2014 / early 2015) deal mainly with the integration of archaeological research data. The results of the projects are designed to have a lasting effect on both archaeological level (e.g. constant expansion of the database and development of common terminology) as well as in the field of e-infrastructures (e.g. open access, ontologies to achieve homogenization of data). An international workshop on repositories Save the Data! was held on as part of the Tage der digitalen Geisteswissenschaften in co-operation with the ACDH at the Academy in Vienna, including an impressive range of presentations from representatives of Austrian and Research history Subsistence & Production Site Site Type Stratigraphic unit/feature Chronology Settlement Quarry Graves & Cemeteries Caves & Rockshelters Finds Pottery Small finds Lithics Botany Animal remains Mindmap of the data base for Digitizing Early Farming Cultures

6 4 OREA Grafic documentation of finds via 3D-scanning and data processing international repositories, all evolving around different solutions to data preservation, often in connection to online publication. Financing: EU/ARIADNE, DOC Team Projekt, two ACDH Projects: Digitizing Early Farming Cultures und A Puzzle in 4D Tell el Dab a (Research group leader: M. Bietak) After successful negotiations concerning future co-operation with the Austrian Archaeological Institute (licensee of the excavations) research projects were continued in The aim of the 5-year program is the publication of the excavation results to these topics. To this end, research visits to the processing of materials in Egypt were conducted. The already existing OREA archive of analog and digital primary data from the decades of excavations was sighted and prepared for planned digitization. Under the direction of Tell el-dab a archivist K. Kopetzky a digital archiving scheme was created in collaboration with the research group Digital Archaeology, being an essential basis for the planned repository in ACDH. In close collaboration with the University of Bochum (C. v. Rüden) restoration, documentation and scientific processing of the famous Minoan wall paintings of Tell el-dab a was continued, already providing important new insights. With the aid of the Academy an international workshop on the wall-paintings of Tell el-dab a took place in December 2014, where future research concerning strategy was discussed and planned. Research was discussed and defined in co-operation with the Austrian Archaeological Institute.

7 Annual Report Finally, thanks to the commitment of M. Bietak the organization and hosting of the 10th international ICAANE (International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East) could be obtained preparation has been running since Financing: FWF project P25945-G2; OENB Jubilee Fund Project 15554; INSTAP project Evaluating Minoan Paintings from Avaris ; DFG project, ACDH Project A puzzle in 4D. Imported Levantine fabric from area F/I, Tell el-daba Imported jug from early 18th dynasty building found at Tell el-daba in area H/VI, Inv.no U Shist weight (?) from area A/II, Tell el-daba

8 6 OREA Across Borders (Research group leader: J. Budka) The since 2012 successfully running ERC Starting Grant with fieldwork in Sai and different material studies was continued in 2014 with further field campaigns. Excavations on the island of Sai (Sudan) took place from January to February 2014; Field research on Elephantine (Egypt) between October until December The discovery of the walled city in the west of the Pharaonic city of Sai is particularly noteworthy. Excavations and especially the processing of ceramic materials have contributed to a better understanding of the genesis of this important temple town in Nubia. Work on Elephantine focused on a large building of the early 18th Dynasty, House 55 (in cooperation with the Swiss Institute of Egyptian Archaeology and Ancient History) and provided further, very insightful parallels to the material on Sai. In addition to the evaluation of the architecture, processing small finds and the creation of a ceramic typology of the two localities Sai and Elephantine, scientific analyses of raw materials of the Egyptian and Nubian pottery from Sai in 2014 were in the foreground (petrographic studies of thin sections and OM and chemical analyzes with INAA and electronic microprobe ). On December 11, 2014 Julia Budka received her certificate of appointment as Professor of Egyptian Archaeology and Art History at the University of Munich from April 1, 2015 onwards. The ERC project will follow her to Munich. Her current FWF START project will be continued in the framework of a cooperation with the LMU at OREA. Financing: ERC Starting Grant Budka, FWF START Budka Anatolian Aegean Prehistoric Phenomena (Research group leader: B. Horejs) The Research Group has developed from several individual projects and the ERC Starting Grant Prehistoric Anatolia and was cross-linked with Eva Alram and Greek research. The main goal is to gain insight on regional developments, leading to basic socio-cultural changes in the Aegean-Anatolian area from the early Holocene (Epipalaeolithic / PPN A) to the 3rd millennium BC. The aim of the Neolithic excavations at Çukuriçi Höyük was to uncover earlier settlement phases, as well as questions regarding the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age period. The main objective was to continue the excavation of pre-early Bronze Age settlement layers of the late 4th millennium BC. In 2014 excavations, surveys and material studies at different sites in Turkey and Greece were conducted. Work on the monograph on Visviki Magoula by E. Alram could be completed in 2014 and is expected to appear in A symposium organized by B. Horejs and M. Mehofer (VIAS, University of Vienna) on Western Anatolia before Troy? was published as the first volume of the new series OREA in In collaboration with the group Digital Archaeology in the project Digitizing Early Farming Cultures (line E. Aspöck) the combination and processing was started with the homogenization of existing digital research data Overview of the excavation area at Çukuriçi Höyük in 2014 from the many sub-projects. The (photo: N. Gail)

9 Annual Report structure of the research group was further supported by a 2014 PostDoc project of M. Brami and by a DOC scholarship to Ch. Britsch. A new FWF project of E. Alram on Platia Magoula Zarkou will start in On the Neolithic International Symposium On-Site in Ephesus / Çukuriçi Höyük was organized with the support of the Presidency of the Academy. Financing: ERC Starting Grant Horejs; FWF START Horejs; Horejs FWF Project P G19; Horejs Marie Curie ITN BEAN; Alram FWF Projects P24798-G18; P27159-G18; ACDH Project: Digitizing Early Farming Cultures. Beads in different shapes and materials from Neolithic Çukuriçi Höyük (photo: N. Gail) Neolithic smoothener, Çukuriçi Höyük (photo: N. Gail)

10 8 OREA Reconstruction of architectural remains of Kakovatos, indicating SH IIB storage and production areas. This complex formed the political center of power within the region of Triphylia in the western Peloponnese (Greece) in early Mycenaean times The Mycenaean Aegean (Research group leader: B. Eder) The traditional and internationally known research focus for Mycenaean Aegean was transformed in 2014 into a research group that brings together many previously ongoing individual studies and projects. The focus is on the study of the Bronze Age palace and literate cultures of the 2 nd millennium BC in the Aegean and their genesis and transformation. This applies to works and projects on the political structures of Mycenaean Greece and its political geography, on the northern and western regions of Mycenaean Greece, the relations between the Greek mainland and Crete during the Late Bronze Age, the written records of the Linear B tablets over to Mycenaean religion and rituals, but also to Middle Helladic and early Mycenaean burials and graves. The Small terracotta birds from the settlement of Kynos were Mycenaean figurines with religious connotations and form part of regional developments in Central Greece in the 12 th century BC (photo: E. Alram-Stern) Linear B logograms for sword or lance / javelin and appropriate representations of Aegean imagery: Detail of a fresco from Pylos (sword fighting) and Tiryns (spearman). The similarities in the illustrations of offensive weapons are suggestive of the influence of the Aegean iconography on the design of the Linear B logograms geographical area includes all areas of the Mycenaean civilization of Crete to Thessaly and the Ionian Islands to the Dodecanese and the Asia Minor coast of Miletus and Halicarnassus. The publication of the 2012 conference on Political Systems and Modes of Interaction in the Aegean and the Near East in 2 nd Millennium BC was completed and appeared in 2015 as a volume of the new series OREA. The group was founded in 2014 and was a successfully supported by a FWF project for studies on the excavations and surveys in Kakovatos and the wider region (B. Eder). The major international conference AEGEUM entitled Meta-

11 Annual Report physis Ritual, Myth and Symbolism in the Aegean Bronze Age, which was developed in collaboration with the University of Vienna (F. Blakolmer) and Liege (R. Laffineur) was on th April 2014 very successfully organized by E. Alram-Stern und J. Weilhartner. The publication of the proceedings of this conference is currently in preparation. Financing: FWF P27568 Project B. Eder Other individual studies and special projects 2014 Overall further 33 individual research projects are going to be integrated in already existing or 2015 newly established research groups. These are including various scholarships and third-party projects (DOC-scholarships, APART scholarships, FWF Herta Firnberg, FWF Lise Meitner, FWF individual projects, Marie Curie, Jubileefund of Vienna), which began or have been awarded in Find more details: Other Activities OREA 2014 The regular series of scientific lectures at OREA initiated in 2013 have been successfully continued with several international guests in They are frequently visited by the local scientific community and students. Focussed scientific debates including various national institutions took place as workshops, like Abfallhaufen oder kultische Ablagerungen? on 5 th of June, organized by V. Müller und Ch. Knoblauch; the workshop results are actually prepared for publication. Various international conferences and workshops have been organized: 15 th AEGEUM conference Metaphysis, the Neolithic On-Site Symposion, the ESF workshop The Sea Peoples Up-to-Date, the workshop Save the Data! as well as the Wallpaintings from Tell el-dab a. OREA continued editing six publication series (monograph and conference proceedings) and two journals; all of them internationally peer reviewed. The successful re-launch of Archaeologia Austriaca should be mentioned. This journal on the Archaeology of Europe is managed by new Editorial and Advisory Boards and got a new design. The first volume of the recently founded new monograph series Oriental and European Archaeology could have been published in A broader public have been addressed with presentations and interactive events at the Lange Nacht der Forschung on 4 th of April 2014 in Krems and in Vienna. A wide spectrum of OREA research activities have been presented, including Egyptian Writing, Mycenaean Cooking, Iron Age leader shoes and paleolithic tool production. The actual around 60 scientists working in OREA were additionally active in international scientific commissions (reviews, evaluation) and are teaching at universities in Vienna, Tübingen and Tel Aviv. Highlights 2014 Research Award of the City of Vienna for scientific achievements in the humanities for Barbara Horejs START Prize of the Austrian Science Fund for Bettina Bader (new research group about Material Culture in Egypt and Nubia from 2015 onwards) APART Scholarship for Felix Höflmayer International Neolithic On-Site Symposium (11 th 12 th October 2014, Selçuk/TR)

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