• AEconomic gasiﬁcation model was developed to predict the production of syngas and biochar. • The heat and value of syngas and biochar production was evaluated based on the model. • The eﬀects of mass transfer in the reactor was modelled by a three-region approach. • various factors on syngas and biochar production were studied.

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Keywords: Syngas and biochar are two main products from biomass gasiﬁcation. To facilitate the optimization of the energy Biochar eﬃciency and economic viability of gasiﬁcation systems, a comprehensive ﬁxed-bed gasiﬁcation model has been Biomass gasiﬁcation developed to predict the product rate and quality of both biochar and syngas. A coupled transient representative Energy eﬃciency particle and ﬁx-bed model was developed to describe the entire ﬁxed-bed in the ﬂow direction of primary air. A Economics, syngas three-region approach has been incorporated into the model, which divided the reactor into three regions in terms of diﬀerent ﬂuid velocity proﬁles, i.e. natural convection region, mixed convection region, and forced convection region, respectively. The model could provide accurate predictions against experimental data with a deviation generally smaller than 10%. The model is applicable for eﬃcient analysis of ﬁxed-bed biomass gasi- ﬁcation under variable operating conditions, such as equivalence ratio, moisture content of feedstock, and air inlet location. The optimal equivalence ratio was found to be 0.25 for maximizing the economic beneﬁts of the gasiﬁcation process.

1. Introduction understanding the various physiochemical aspects of interaction within the reactor of gasiﬁcation. In addition, the model could be used as a cost The shortage of fossil fuel reserves and global warming sparked an eﬀective tool to predict and optimize the energy performance of gasi- eruption of research and development for renewable energy [1]. Among ﬁcation systems. The theoretical characterization of the four diﬀerent the plethora of renewable energy sources and technologies, thermo- zones in a ﬁxed-bed gasiﬁer and relevant reactions have been explored chemical conversion of biomass is regarded to be one of feasible routes extensively since the early 1930s [6]. Di Blasi ﬁrst proposed a complex to realize a sustainable future since biomass is a carbon neutral energy network of reaction equations that were classiﬁed into four diﬀerent source and can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels [2]. Downdraft gasiﬁcation stages: (i) drying, (ii) pyrolysis, (iii) combustion, and (iv) gasiﬁcation has been proved as a standout choice for small to medium reduction, with outputs being time-based axial gas composition and size throughputs [3,4] due to its higher eﬃciency as compared to other temperature proﬁles [8]. Later on, several researchers developed si- thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis, direct combustion and li- milar models to predict syngas composition, considering either single quefaction [5–7]. one stage (only reduction zone) or multi-stages of the process [9–12]. Recently, signiﬁcant attention has been paid to the numerical These models vary in several aspects, such as reactor conﬁgurations and modelling of the gasiﬁcation process which plays an important role in reaction kinetics [13].

However, most existing models focus only on the prediction of each cell, balance equations are solved for one representative particle temperature proﬁle and syngas composition without considering bio- and all the particles in the same cell are assumed to have the same char production [7,11,14–16]. Besides syngas, biochar is another va- characteristics. There are mainly two types of single particle models luable product from the gasiﬁcation process due to its potential ability which could be easily coupled with the ﬂuid phase: shrinking sphere of improving soil quality and sequestering carbon [17–19]. To predict model and shrinking core model [26,27]. In the shrinking sphere biochar production, the heat and mass transfer on a particle level needs model, the size of biomass particles reduces while their density re- to be considered. Some models do consider the particle-level heat and maining constant. The particle is assumed to be impervious with all the mass transfer but they treat both solid phase and gas phase as con- reaction details lumped at the gas-solid interface. As for the shrinking tinuous phases (which is also referred as Euler–Euler approach). This core model, both the size and density of biomass particles vary. Wur- approach is appropriate only if the inﬂuential parameters (e.g., particle zenberger coupled RPM with entire ﬁxed-bed ﬂuid model to simulate size, and temperature and species concentration gradient inside the pyrolysis and combustion processes [28,29]. In his work, the reactor particle) of a single particle on gasiﬁcation performance are negligible was discretized in the axial direction and the particle domain were [20]. However, it has been suggested that considering the single par- discretized in the radial direction so the model was also described as ticle parameters and-intra-particle phenomenon can signiﬁcantly im- 1D + 1D. Later on several research works have been conducted on prove the accuracy of gasiﬁcation models in predicting important de- multi-scale modelling of combustion and pyrolysis reactors using cou- sign parameters of reactor [8,21]. In this case, biomass gasiﬁcation pled 1D + 1D model [20,30]. modelling should be considered as a multi-scale problem [22]; that is, In addition, there is a diﬀerence in the velocity proﬁle between the the molecular level, single particle level and reactor level should all be region above air inlet and the region below air inlet. Inlet air mainly considered. One method to solve the multi-scale problem is the Discrete ﬂows towards the bottom of the reactor and within this region, heat and Phase Model (DPM). This modelling approach treats the gas phase as mass transfer is dominated by forced convection. In the region above quasi-continuous while each particle is tracked in a Lagrange approach. the air inlet, hot air tends to go up and the heat and mass transfer The governing equations of each particle are solved simultaneously within this region is mainly controlled by natural convection. In the with gas-phase balances in each time step. Several works have applied region near the air inlet, hot air tends to go up but pressure gradient this approach to simulate the thermochemical conversion of biomass forces the air to ﬂow towards the bottom. These two driving forces are [23–25]. However, this approach is only suitable for lab-scale gasiﬁers in the opposite direction and this special case is called mixed convec- with a limited number of particles due to the high computational power tion [31]. A number of studies have been conducted to investigate required [20]. An alternative method to solve solid phase with rea- natural convection, forced convection and mixed convection in ﬁxed- sonable computational time is Representative Particle Model (RPM). In bed [31–34]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the application of

44 Z. Yao et al. Applied Energy 209 (2018) 43–55

this three-region concept (i.e. natural convection region, mixed con- with RPM, as shown in Fig. 1. The reactor was discretized in the z- vection region and forced convection region, respectively) on the ﬁxed- direction and in each cell one representative particle was chosen and bed modelling has not been reported. modelled as a shrinking sphere [26]. The reactor was divided into three As mentioned above, there are few gasiﬁcation models which take regions in terms of diﬀerent velocity proﬁles: natural convection re- into account both syngas and biochar production and the application of gion, mixed convection region and forced convection region. A para- three-region modelling concept on ﬁxed-bed gasiﬁcation modelling has meter Lm was used to determine the boundary of mixed convection not been reported in the literature. In this work, we developed a cou- region. During the reaction, the biomass particle size decreased with its pled RPM and ﬁxed-bed model to predict the production rate and density being constant. The biomass particle was impervious with intra- quality of both syngas and biochar. Within each discretized cell of the particle diﬀusion and all the reaction details were lumped at the gas- reactor, one representative particle was chosen and modelled as a solid interface. The presented model considered drying, pyrolysis, shrinking sphere. The reactor was divided into three regions in terms of homogeneous gas reactions, and heterogeneous combustion/gasiﬁca- diﬀerent ﬂuid velocity proﬁles, i.e. natural convection region, mixed tion reactions, respectively. In the gas phase eight species (O2, N2, CO, convection region and forced convection region, respectively. The CO2, H2, H2O, CH4 and tar) were considered. The solid phase was boundary of mixed convection region was determined by sensitivity woodchips. In the solid phase, all the components obtained from ap- analysis. A multi-scale numerical solution procedure was adapted to proximate analysis (moisture, volatiles, ﬁxed carbon and ash) and ul- solve the partial diﬀerential equations (PDEs) of molecular, particle and timate analysis (C, H, O, N) were treated as the dependent variables of reactor levels. Economic evaluation was conducted taking into account time and space. economic value of syngas and biochar. The optimal equivalence ratio The conservation equations for the mass, momentum, and energy was found to be 0.25 for maximizing the economic beneﬁts of the ga- were solved for both gas phase and solid phase using the forward siﬁcation process. The model could facilitate the optimization of the Euler’s method. The exchange terms of momentum, mass and energy energy eﬃciency and economic viability of a gasiﬁcation system, which between gas phase and solid phase were treated as source terms in the is of signiﬁcant importance to its industrial application. conservation equations. To derive these equations, the following as- sumptions were made: 2. Mathematical model • The gasiﬁer reactor is cylindrical and isotropic. The properties in A 1-D model was developed to describe the entire ﬁxed-bed in the both gas phase and solid phase are assumed to vary with time only moving direction z of feedstock. It was assumed that all the species along the axial direction. were well-mixed and all the variables were uniform in the radial di- • Gaseous species are assumed as ideal gases due to the low Mach rection. In this model, the entire packed bed ﬂuid model was coupled number involved.

2.3. Heat and mass transfer coeﬃcient in each region To solve the governing equations, ﬁnite volume scheme was used for discretization. Cylindrical grid that has the same radius as the ga- 2.3.1. Mixed convection region siﬁer reactor and length Δz was used to describe the gasiﬁer reactor The air inlet locates at the mixed convection region. Uniform plug domain. In each volume, a representative particle was chosen and ﬂow is assumed at the air inlet with 79% N2 and 21% O2, temperature T0, and velocity u0. In this region the ﬂuid (gaseous mixture) ﬂows in a Table 2 Heterogeneous biochar reactions. “turbulent manner”. Due to the complex ﬂow patterns and ﬂuid dy- namics near the air inlet, this region was modelled as a black box where Reactions Kinetic reaction rate(m/s) Ref. all the variables distribute evenly along the axis direction, which meant RS1 rs1 [43] all the terms regarding spatial variation in the governing equations of 2 C+ O2 ⎯→ ⎯ 2CO rs1 = 2.3Ts exp(−11,100/ Ts ) gas phase were ignored. To calculate the heat transfer coeﬃcient, the rs2 rs1 RS2 2 C+ O2 ⎯→ ⎯ CO2 = 2512exp(−6420/Tg ) [44] Nusselt number was determined by the following formula [31]: rs2

modelled as a shrinking sphere, moving towards the bottom of the re- 2.5. Equivalence ratio (ER), higher heating value (HHV) and cold gas actor. The velocity proﬁle was speciﬁed at cell edges and the scalar eﬃciency (CGE) variables were speciﬁed at cell centers. Usually the unsteady reactive ﬂow problems are solved by fractional step methods or similar methods In order to encapsulate the eﬀects of both air ﬂow and biomass such as PISO (Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operator) [54–57], feeding rates, the ER is deﬁned as [60]: because the pressure correction equation (in multi-scale reactor models also the particle model) is solved just once per time step. The solution F ⎛ Fair ⎞ ER = ⎛ air ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟

algorithm is an extension of the algorithm introduced by Jakoben’s ⎝ Fs ⎠ ⎝ Fs ⎠Stoichiometric (25) group [20,55,56]. where Fair is the inlet air mass ﬂow rate (kg/s), Fs is the biomass feeding The detailed structure of the simulation procedure is shown in rate (kg/s). The CGE could be used to indicate gasiﬁer eﬃciency and is Fig. 2. The governing equations of mixed region were solved ﬁrst and deﬁned as the ratio of energy of the producer gas to the energy of the the results were set as boundary conditions for the other regions. After consumed biomass [61] Δt , all the properties φ (z,t) in gas phase and solid phase were updated to φ (z,t + Δt ) . In addition, to solve energy balance equations, NASA HHVg × Fg coeﬃcients were used to calculate reaction heat [58]. In this study, the CGE = HHVs × Fs (26) simulation program was coded in MATLAB R2014a. All the model in- puts, number of grids and time steps were summarized in Table 4. where HHVg is the higher heating value of syngas (MJ Nm−3) , Fg is the syngas production rate (kg s−1) , HHVs is the higher heating value of biomass, Fs is the feedstock feeding rate (kg s−1) .

a Gasiﬁcation time was set as 2 h. The model could reach steady state within 2 h gasiﬁcation running time.

HHV of feedstock and biochar was calculated based on the empirical fg = 6.78 × 10−3 "$"/MJ . HHVg is the higher heating value of syngas, correlation developed by Channiwala et al. [62]. MJ/Nm3. HHVs = 0.349 C+ 1.178 H+ 0.101S−0.103O−0.015N−0.021A (27) 3. Results and discussion where C, H, S, O, N and A represent carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, and ash content of material, respectively, expressed 3.1. Model validation in mass percentage on dry basis. Experimental results were obtained from our group’s previous ga- 2.6. Economic value of biochar and syngas siﬁcation experiments [11]. The experiments were conducted using a GEK ﬁxed-bed downdraft gasiﬁer manufactured by All Power Labs. The Syngas and biochar are two main products from the gasiﬁcation gasiﬁer has a capacity of 10kg/h and its geometrical parameters are process and both of them have considerable economic values. However, listed in Table 4. there are still limited studies that evaluate the overall economic beneﬁt Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the length of mixed in terms of both syngas and biochar production.. The total economic convection region Lm. The results are shown in Table 5. The standard value Vof the gasiﬁcation products is expressed as the following: deviation (SD) between the experimental and simulation results was V = Pc × R c + Pg × Rg ∑ (r − r )2 (28) deﬁned as: SD = n s e , where rs and re represent simulation results n−1 Where Pc is the unit price of biochar, $/kg; R c is the production rate of and experimental results, respectively. From the table we can see that biochar kg/kg feedstock; Pg is the unit price of syngas, $/Nm3; Rg is the the SDs across diﬀerent gaseous species was 3.1, 3.04, 3.02, 3.01, 3.03, production rate of syngas Nm3/kg feedstock. The unit prices of pro- and 4.17 at Lm/Lb ratio equalling 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1, re- duced biochar and syngas were obtained from literatures, which are spectively. The length of mixed convection region had a relatively small expressed as the following inﬂuence on the model prediction within the range from 0.02 to 0.1, while there was an obvious increase of SD from 3.03 to 4.17 with the PC = fc × HHVC (29) length ratio further increasing from 0.1 to 0.2. The SD reached its Pg = fg × HHVg minimum when the length ratio equals 0.08. The minimum average SD (30) was 3.01 at Lm/Lb = 0.08 and length ratio was chosen as one of the where fc is the price of biochar per mega joule [63], model inputs for further analysis. The results show this three-region fc = 2.528 × 10−3 "$"/MJ . HHVC is the higher heating value of biochar, modelling concept is appropriate to describe the ﬁxed-bed downdraft MJ/kg, fg is the price of syngas per mega joule [64], gasiﬁcation process.

49 Z. Yao et al. Applied Energy 209 (2018) 43–55

Table 5 and endothermic reduction reactions dominate. Correspondingly, the Comparison of predicted syngas composition under diﬀerent length of mixed convection mass reduction rate of biomass particle is closely related to the gaseous region. species concentration and the temperature distribution proﬁle inside Lm/Lb the reactor. In the natural convection region, there is a fast mass loss for biomass particles since volatiles are released by pyrolysis reactions. In 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.2 the mixed convection region, which is near the air inlet, the hetero- geneous reactions between carbon and gaseous species take place Syngas N2 45.62 48.47 48.47 48.63 48.63 48.8 50.42 composition CO 15.91 16.94 16.94 16.92 16.92 16.90 16.65 quickly leading to higher temperature and higher oxygen concentra- (vol%) H2 17.78 15.25 15.24 15.14 15.12 14.98 13.49 tion. In addition, it was noted that there was a similar trend for the CH4 2.01 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.54 2.53 2.50 particle mass change across the diﬀerent ER conditions and the particle CO2 12.62 16.79 16.81 16.78 16.79 16.77 16.94 mass decreased with the increase of ER. O2 2.12 0 0 0 0 0 0 CnHm 3.94 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2. Eﬀects of ER on syngas production rate and its quality Biochar C 85.77 79.63 79.64 79.66 79.67 79.69 77.35 composition H 1.52 1.04 1.64 2.12 2.45 2.45 2.60 (vol%) O 12.21 15.61 15.6 15.59 15.58 15.56 18.77 The eﬀects of ER on syngas production rate and CGE are shown in N 0.5 3.58 2.94 2.42 2.06 2.02 0.80 Fig. 4. The CO2 content and H2 content in the producer gas decreased S 0 0.14 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.28 0.48 from 27.78% to 8.10% and 25.02% to 9.00%, respectively as ER in- SD 3.10 3.04 3.02 3.01 3.03 4.17 creased from 0.1 to 0.6. Since biochar gasiﬁcation reactions with CO2 and steam are endothermic, they are favored at relatively high tem- The temperature and particle mass distributions along the axis di- peratures [65]. Increasing ER leads to the increase in temperature, rection of the gasiﬁer were predicted with the ﬁxed length (Lm/Lb) of which promotes the reverse water-gas shift reaction and decreasesH2 0.08 for the mixed convection region, as shown in Fig. 3. The tem- and CO2 concentrations. This ﬁnding is also in a good agreement with perature distribution inside the gasiﬁer was aﬀected by the ER. It was the literature [66]. The HHV of the producer gas decreased from 6.15 to found that the temperature at all locations of the gasiﬁer increased with 3.60 MJ/Nm3 as ER increased from 0.1 to 0.6. This is because (1) the the increase of ER. This is due to the fact that the higher air ﬂow rate signiﬁcant decrease in H2 and CH4 concentrations in the producer gas; promotes the exothermic combustion reactions. More reaction heat is (2) the inert N2 did not contribute to the HHV of syngas and its fraction generated and hence the temperature inside the gasiﬁer increases. increased with increasing ER. This result is consistent with the previous Moreover, the temperature reached its peak in the mixed convection works done by Sheth and Babu [9] and Seggiani et al. [67], who ob- region near the air inlet. The highest temperature was 1030, 1069, served the decrease of HHV when the ER increased. Both HHV of syngas 1235 °C based on the model prediction and 920, 998, 1131 °C based on and its production rate contribute to the CGE and their combined eﬀects the experimental data under the condition of ER = 0.35, 0.6, 0.85, on the CGE were evaluated by plotting CGE against ER. It was found respectively. This is because energy is generated by exothermic com- that the CGE ﬁrst increased with increasing ER from 0.1 to 0.25 and bustion reactions in this region. After oxygen was depleted, pyrolysis then dropped to 61.25% at ER of 0.6. The maximum CGE was 72.75% at ER = 0.25. The numerical values of the optimum ERs and maximum

CGE are presented below in Table 6, together with data procured from decreased from 0.22 kg/kg biomass to 0.14 kg/kg biomass as ER in- experiments conducted in other studies. creased from 0.1 to 0.6. The trend of both carbon content of biochar In this work, for a biomass sample of 100% wood chips, the op- and its production rate indicate that the total amount of carbon in timum ER was 0.25 which led to a CGE of 72.75%. In Dogru et al.’s [68] biochar decreased with increasing ER, which means the increase of ER study, an extremely high CGE of 80.91% was found for a relatively has negative eﬀects on the quality and production rate of biochar. The small equivalence ratio. On the other hand, Zainal et al. only manages results agree with the work by Meyer et al. [70], which reported that to achieve a CGE of 33.72% with a relatively high equivalence ratio of the biochar production rate from gasiﬁcation is around 10%. 0.39. Two main reasons could account for this diﬀerence. Firstly, it could be hypothesized that hazelnuts oﬀer a better alternative to fur- niture wood and charcoal as a biomass gasiﬁcation choice due to its 3.4. Evaluation of economic beneﬁts favourable elemental compositions. Another possible explanation could stem from the use of diﬀerent gasiﬁers. Dogru et al. made use of a pilot Fig. 6 shows the overall economic beneﬁts based on the production scale ﬁxed-bed downdraft gasiﬁer with a diameter ranging from rate and quality of both syngas and biochar predicted by the model. As 135 mm to 450 mm and a total height of 0.81 m [68], Zainal et al. ER increased from 0.1 to 0.6, the carbon content in biochar decreased utilized a blow-type downdraft gasiﬁer with a cone structure with a due to the speed up of heterogeneous reactions with the existence of main body diameter of 600 mm and total height of 2.5 m [69]. more oxygen, which further led to the decrease of biochar prices from 0.017$/kg feedstock to 0.009$/kg feedstock. However, with increasing ER the syngas price showed similar trend with its CGE. It ﬁrst increased 3.3. Eﬀects of ER on biochar production rate and its quality from 0.057$/kg feedstock to 0.091$/kg feedstock as ER increased from 0.1 to 0.25 and then dropped to 0.077$/kg feedstock at ER = 0.6. By In an industrial gasiﬁcation plant, biochar could be sold as barbecue considering the contributions of both syngas and biochar, the optimum materials and fertilizer after treatment [70,71]. The quality of produced biochar is closely related to its carbon content [72]. However, to the Table 6 authors’ best knowledge, most models focus only on the prediction of Comparison of simulation with literature. syngas composition without considering biochar production. In this model biochar is deﬁned as a mixture of bottom biochar and ash pro- Source Biomass type Optimum equivalence CGE ratio duced from a ﬁxed-bed downdraft gasiﬁcation system. Fig. 5 shows the eﬀects of ER on the production rate and the quality of biochar. With Dogru et al. [68] Hazelnut shells 0.28 80.91 increasing ER, more oxygen is fed into the reactor, speeding up the Zainal et al. [69] Furniture wood and 0.39 33.72 heterogeneous reactions to convert more carbon from solid phase into charcoal Sheth and Babu Furniture waste 0.20 56.87 gaseous species. Henceforth, the carbon content of the produced bio- [9] char decreased from 88.17% to 71.16% as ER increased from 0.1 to 0.6. This work 100% Wood chips 0.25 72.75 The similar trend was observed in the biochar production rate, which

ER was found to be 0.25 in terms of economic beneﬁts of the gasiﬁ- 3.5. Eﬀects of moisture content on syngas composition and reaction cation process. The maximum economic beneﬁt could reach 0.11$/kg temperature feedstock based on the model prediction. The results could facilitate the optimization of the energy eﬃciency and economic viability of a gasi- To investigate the eﬀects of moisture content on producer gas ﬁcation system, which is of signiﬁcant importance to its industrial ap- quality, the simulation was conducted at the optimal ER of 0.25 under plication. diﬀerent moisture contents (0–30%) of the feedstock. The results are

shown in Fig. 7. From the ﬁgure we can see that when the moisture region above air inlet to the total length of the reactor. Fig. 8a shows content increased from 0 to 0.3 the volume fraction of CO2, H2, and the eﬀects of air inlet location on syngas composition and its HHV. HHV of syngas increased from 20.45%, 18.09%, and 5.39 MJ/Nm3 to There was no signiﬁcant variation of CO and CH4 within the range of 27.12%, 23.99%, and 5.48 MJ/Nm3, respectively. Conversely, the vo- La/L from 0.2 to 0.8. However, the volume concentration of H2 in- lume fraction of CO decreased from 18.67% to 13.49%. In addition, creased from 8.19% to 20.41% as La/L increased from 0.2 to 0.5, and produced syngas temperature decreased from 992.3 K to 834.6 K as the then dropped to 14.51% at La/L = 0.8. The similar trend of HHV of moisture content increased from 0 to 0.3, due to the fact that the in- syngas was observed, which increased from 4.07 to 5.52 MJ/Nm3 as La/ crease of moisture content causes more energy consumption for eva- L increased from 0.2 to 0.5, and then dropped to 4.64 MJ/Nm3 at La/ poration. L = 0.8. The results indicate that to achieve highest HHV of syngas, the The volume fractions of H2 and CO2 increased as the increase of air inlet should be located at the middle of the ﬁxed-bed gasiﬁer. To the moisture content because the increasing moisture content favours re- best of authors’ knowledge, there is no detailed experimental data being actions RS3 (Table 2) and RG5 (Table 3) to produce more H2 and CO2. reported to show how the air inlet location aﬀects the syngas compo- Reaction RS1 (Table 2) is a heterogeneous reaction between gas phase sition. However, a rough guideline about the geometry design was and solid phase, but reaction RG4 (Table 3) and RG5 (Table 3) are provided by Albrecht Kaupp [74], who concluded that downdraft ga- homogeneous reactions in the gas phase. Henceforth, the consumption siﬁers with middle air inlet are preferred and this type of gasiﬁer has rate of CO in homogeneous reactions is higher than the production rate been most extensively studied. in the heterogeneous reaction. This would lead to a decrease in CO The eﬀects of air inlet location on biochar production is shown in concentration with the increasing moisture content. Although the CO Fig. 8b. The production rate of biochar and its carbon content decreased concentration decreased with increasing moisture content of feedstock, from 21.19% to 19.26% kg/kg feedstock and from 87.13% to 84.32% as the HHV of syngas still increased due to the increasing concentrations La/L increased from 0.2 to 0.5, respectively. As La/L increased from 0.5 of CH4 and H2. The same trends were observed in the experiments to 0.8, the production rate of biochar and its carbon content increased conducted by Xie and colleagues [73]. from 19.26% to 19.37% kg/kg feedstock and from 84.32% to 84.51%, respectively. Since the residence time and ER remain constant, the biochar production is only aﬀected by the temperature proﬁle inside 3.6. Eﬀects of air inlet location on the gasiﬁcation performance the reactor, which is shown in Fig. 8c. Biomass particles enter the re- actor with room temperature and it will undergo heterogeneous reac- This model could facilitate the design of gasiﬁer reactor by pro- tions and be preheated before reaching the mixed convection region. In viding an insight into the eﬀects of air inlet location on the temperature the cases of La/L=0.2, La/L=0.3, and La/L=0.4, biomass particles proﬁle, syngas production, and biochar production. The results are reach the mixed convection region (where the air inlets locate) without shown in Fig. 8. In this session, La/L is the ratio of the length of the

being fully preheated, thus peak temperatures were lowered down, Acknowledgements which would further lead to the lower temperature proﬁles in other regions. Heterogeneous reactions are slowed down due to lower tem- This research programme is funded by the National Research perature. That’s why the production rate of biochar and its carbon Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister’s Oﬃce, Singapore under its Campus content decreased as La/L increased from 0.2 to 0.5. As La/L increased for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) pro- from 0.5 to 0.8, peak temperature remains constant, while biomass gramme. Grant Number R-706-001-101–281, National University of particles stay longer time in the lower temperature region. This leads to Singapore. The authors acknowledge the technical support of Wei- the increases of the production rate of biochar and its carbon content as Cheng Yan on the project. La/L increased from 0.5 to 0.8. References

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Global Biochar Market 2018 Research Objectives:

1. To examine and analyze the global Biochar market outlook, Dynamics, risk factors, and development plans.2. To study global Biochar market by leading players, top countries, product type, and application.3. To investigate and provide Biochar market share, growth rate, sales volume, and Biochar market trends for the forecast period 2018-2025.4. To recognize the critical aspects of Biochar market such as production volume, capacity, cost structure, supply chain analysis represented in the form of charts, tables, figures, and graphs that makes Biochar report easy to understand.5. To analyze Biochar industrial chain structure, Biochar manufacturing cost structure by upstream, downstream raw materials and suppliers.6. The Biochar report focuses on providing SWOT and PESTEL analysis of each Biochar manufacturers along with the Biochar market competitive landscape.7. To investigate the worldwide Biochar market Advantages, Opportunity, prospects, Potential, and challenges in the Biochar market.8. To analyze Biochar market expansion, technological developments, Biochar market acquisitions, partnership agreement, new product launches and, Biochar research programs.

The Almond market research provides a complete analysis of the market which brings out the complete understandings of the industry, the report aims to deliver an opportunity for companies to recognize the modern trends, present Almond market situation, government initiatives, and technologies related to the market. In addition, it helps the venture investors in understanding the businesses well and take good decisions.

The research report “Global Granular Biochar Market Analysis report 2018” provides market and technology analysis, and strategic forecasts for granular biochar, sizing the market with the aid of product type, end-use sector, and geography. The report provides historical data from 2013 to 2018 alongside current market estimates for granular biochar, and five-year forecasts to 2023. The report is the crucial planning tool for granular biochar businesses, you can identify commercial enterprise opportunities using quantitative market forecasts and employ a detailed breakdown of market sizes to design future strategies with conviction.

The report considered various factors to examines the global market for granular biochar to 2023, including developments relating to the granular biochar products; technology advancement in this field; profiles of leading market players and suppliers; recent developments activities in the granular biochar industries influence the market. The report additionally gives the info related to global granular biochar market actual drivers, restraints, challenges, emerging markets, pricing structure, latest trends and industrial policies across the globe that will affect granular biochar business in the future. The report also maintains the study of rapidly growing geographies in the granular biochar market.

The crucial part of the report provides a comparative study of top leading players in the granular biochar market. The analysis phase begins with the company profile followed by product introduction and cost structure, granular biochar manufacturing base and capacity, market plans, recent development activities and future prospects of the granular biochar company. In short, the competitive analysis provides you an authoritative and expert view of leading market players alongside technologies and market strategies that will affect the granular biochar industry in the future.

The report provides exclusive insights into the granular biochar market has broken down by product type, end-use sector, and regional market. The main objectives of this study are to identify market areas that give major impact on the growth of the global granular biochar market.

How will this Market Intelligence Report Benefit You?

— The report offers statistical data in terms of value (US$) and Volume (units) for the global granular biochar market today and to 2023.

— Exclusive insight into the key trends affecting the granular biochar industry, although key threats, opportunities and disruptive technologies that could shape the global granular biochar market supply and demand.

— The report tracks the leading market players that will shape and impact the global granular biochar market most.

— The data analysis present in the granular biochar report is based on the combination of both primary and secondary resources.

— The report helps you to understand the real effects of key market drivers or restrainers on granular biochar business.

— The report offers a five-year strategic forecast for the global granular biochar market, segmented by key product type, end use sector, and region and country worldwide.

Global Biochar Market Report 2018 provides information to run predicated requirement and forecasts the specific implementations projections. The Biochar market report contains information that’s accumulated from primary resources. The data gathered was encouraged by the Biochar analysts which analyzed the report a beneficial resource for analysts, managers and industry specialists in addition to other people to get accessibility and self-analyzed the investigation which helps comprehend global Biochar market trends and technological developments, along with specifications and market conflicts.

The research highlights many Biochar existing technological progress along with new releases which enable our clients to prepare their view based services makes sensible business decisions to fulfill the requirements.

• North America • Europe • Asia-Pacific • South America • The Middle East • Middle East and Africa

The Importance of the international Biochar market:

➜ The Biochar research report additionally provides the forecast for current industry trends and analytical methods. Biochar profile finishes significant change over the type version, production procedures, and development platforms.

➜ Moreover, the global Biochar market report, in addition, includes the market significant strategic improvements including development and research, new product launch, acquisitions & mergers, partnerships, structures, joint ventures & collaborations, together with the regional development of crucial participants of the market from the local and global base.

➜ The Biochar report covers data in their global market players along with their scope between the market dealing together with lots of analytical tools. The analytical tools such as market return investigation, Biochar PESTEL analysis, and feasibility analysis are utilized to try the primary global market player.

➜ The analysis is also helpful documentation that aids sellers, clients, suppliers, investors & the ones which are considering the Biochar market.

2) The Biochar industry share, regions, and also Biochar size by regions market analysis are examined.

3) Plenty of different facets a part of global Biochar market report with growth factors, limiting factors, challenges that are faced, and also the technological progress, emerging segments, along with trends of the market.

Different facets of the global Biochar market-like manufacturing capability, product price, and variables, supply chain, and logistics, profit, and reduction, as well as the growth factor, are discussed at the accounts. The Biochar industry analytic tools such as investment return analysis, SWOT analysis, and feasibility analysis is useful to research by global market player’s growth in the industry.

The Worldwide Biochar Market — Global Business Prospect, Extensive Analysis, and Forecast 2017-2026 throughout the foreseen period and Biochar market report offers thorough research updates and information associated to bolster increases, demands, and opportunities over the globe.

The Global Biochar Market report provides deep insights and study on developments affecting enterprises and businesses on the regional and worldwide level. The review includes the Biochar market execution regarding revenue contribution from different sections and conveys a comprehensive analysis of important trends, drivers, and constraints, and changes impacting earnings rise of the worldwide Biochar market. This report proposes that the Biochar market size, global Biochar industry status and prognosis, contention landscape and increase aspects. This research report describing the Biochar market by organizations, region, type, application and end-use trade.

The study provides in-depth segmentation of this global Biochar market-depends on technology, application, and region

By technology:

Pyrolysis Gasification Hydrothermal Others By application:

Agriculture Water & waste water treatment Others

Key region-wise sections analysed in this Biochar research included using its new classification as above stated and important Biochar market nations as Colombia, Spain, Turkey, Egypt, South Africa, Italy, UAE, Mexico, India, Chile, Japan, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Benelux, France, China, Brazil, Australia, Germany, UK, Italy, Argentina, South-East Asia and The United States. This segmentation includes the requisite for Biochar allegation on various services and products in most areas and states. Europe has regulated Biochar markets in 2017. North America and the Asia Pacific are rising at a tremendous speed in Biochar market as a result of employment, traditional tools, and improvement.

Biochar Fertilizer Market Research and Developments 2018 to 2025

1 August, 2018

The research report presents a comprehensive assessment of the Biochar Fertilizer market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry validated market data. It also contains projections using a suitable set of assumptions and methodologies. The research report provides analysis and information according to categories such as market segments, geographies, type of product and deal landscapes. The report concludes with the profiles of major players in the global Biochar Fertilizer market such as Biogrow Limited, Anulekh, GreenBack, Global Harvest Organics LLC, Pacific Biochar, American BioChar, Pyrotech Energy, AIRTERRA, MBD Industries. The major market players are evaluated on various parameters such as company overview, product portfolio, and revenue of Biochar Fertilizer from 2013 to 2025.

Biochar Fertilizer Global Market Report from Market Insights Reports covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market.The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.The market size section gives the electronic equipment market revenues, covering both the historic growth of the market and forecasting the future. Drivers and restraints looks at the external factors supporting and controlling the growth of the market.Market segmentations break down the key sub sectors which make up the market. The regional breakdowns section gives the size of the market geographically.

Competitive landscape gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in the last five years are identified.The trends and strategies section highlights the likely future developments in the x market and suggests approaches.

The research includes historic data from 2013 to 2017 and forecasts until 2025 which makes the reports an invaluable resource for industry executives, marketing, sales and product managers, consultants, analysts, and other people looking for key industry data in readily accessible documents with clearly presented tables and graphs.

The report also Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type and also Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Biochar Fertilizer in each application.

Several important Key questions answer covered in this Biochar Fertilizer market research report:

The Global Biochar Fertilizer Market Research Report Forecast 2018-2025 is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the Biochar Fertilizer industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the value chain and its distributor analysis. This Biochar Fertilizer market study provides comprehensive data which enhances the understanding, scope and application of this report.

About Us:

MarketInsightsReports provides syndicated Market research reports to industries, organizations or even individuals with an aim of helping them in their decision making process. MarketInsightsReports has a targeted view to provide business insights and consulting to assist its clients to make strategic business decisions and achieve sustainable growth in their respective market domain.

“Global Biochar Market Research Report 2018” accountable for its research which provides a top to bottom evaluation of this market so far as sales and developing business sector. The Biochar report comprises business overview, product offering, revenue share, strategies, and service offering of these prominent players.

This report covers several vital regions from the global Biochar market. International market trends are examined with currently available data regarding the amount of both Biochar businesses and their market share. The report discusses how recent advances in Biochar economy, ethical troubles, and also the challenges and hurdles which could restrict the market.

Geographically this report is divided in to various vital regions, together with revenue (Mn/Bn USD), growth speed and market share (percent), production, and ingestion of global Biochar industry in these regions, by 2012 to 2023 (projection), covering Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa, Europe, North America and South America as well as its share (percent) and also CAGR for its projected period 2018 to 2023.

From the Biochar market research reports, the following points are included with detailed study at every stage:

Manufacturing Analysis — Generation of this Biochar is analyzed depending on top countries, types, and applications. Here, price analysis of varied Biochar market vital players will be additionally covered.

Revenue and Sales Evaluation — Both, earnings and sales are studied for different elements of this global Biochar market. Still another significant facet, the price that plays an essential role in the sales creation can be appraised in this section for several regions.

Segments and Effectiveness — In continuation of using earnings, this report studies furnish and ingestion to its Biochar market. This report also sheds light on the difference between consumption and supply, export and import data.

Competition — In this section, many global Biochar industry-leading players have been studied depending on their company profile, product portfolio, capacity, price, price, and earnings.

Other Analysis — Aside from the above information, demand and supply investigation to the Biochar economy, contact information from leading manufacturers, providers and key consumers can also be awarded.

The study, ‘Global Biochar Market’ — Worldwide Industry Prospect, Extensive Analysis, and Forecast, 2017-2026, exhibits all-encompassing data of this Biochar market which examines the market size and estimates the market study over the predicted period 2017-2026. The pronouncement segments of this Biochar market are perceptible with insight information covering their revenue’s, summary of all the business, latest developments, product classification, etc. The key players of the Biochar market are also included within this report.

Competitive Outlook

The following part of this Biochar report offers a comparative study of influential market players. In progression supply, a dashboard view of the dominant players Biochar report covering organization profile, marketing plans enclasp, Biochar product specification, technology development in production, company Biochar market shares and accomplishment in the previous years. The Biochar report experts will assist to projected the Biochar strategies build up by dominant market players also to develop impressive market plans accordingly.

Geographically Biochar report is bifurcated into several key regions, with Biochar information related by manufacturing and utilization patterns, containing revenues (Mn/Bn USD), Biochar market share and increased rate of global Biochar market in these regions, for a decade from 2017 to 2026 (forecast), comprising, along with it’s share and also CAGR value (percent) for its predicted period 2017 to 2026.

For more comprehensive understanding of the global Biochar market current trends and chances, the report is classified into various sections like Biochar technology, application, and region. It is supportive to examined the emerging market for Biochar and foresight. Each Biochar market segment is analyzed separately in the accounts to apprehend the same contribution to worldwide Biochar market development.

This record canvassed thorough Biochar data regarding the important players hired in the market. This Biochar report includes a business outline, revenue, advantages, recent events, Biochar product offering, and technique of those players. The improvement of the vital Biochar companies along with their resources such as improvements, price, and client fulfilment are covered in the Biochar research report about the worldwide Biochar market.

By the provider’s specific requirements, we could even provide customization for global Biochar market with all the particular information.

Global Biochar Fertilizer Market Research Report 2018

National Biochar Roundtable

1 August, 2018

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Frontier Impact Group is excited to announce the international and Australian speakers for the upcoming Biochar Leadership Roundtable. Biochar is considered a “game changer” in California and this roundtable seeks to leverage the extensive international trials and research, enabling participants to capitalise on the extensive knowledge and expertise that has been developed. The California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research see biochar as a solution to many key environmental challenges. They will share the Californian legislative changes in relation to biochar and the lessons learnt from the change process, in addition to the impact on biochar projects that are currently underway.

OBJECTIVES OF ROUNDTABLE

– Increase awareness of the benefits and significance that biochar has to solve many of our immediate and ongoing problems here in Australia; and

– Discussing the key learnings that may be most relevant for Australia in order for us to leverage the economic, environmental and social successes of California.

This report studies the Biochar market, Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment.

Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years. Biochar is a fragmented industry with a variety of manufacturers, among which most are small privately-owned companies. The top 5 producers account for just 38.34% of the market. Also, many companies are emerging companies that specialized in the production of biochar, and a large share of their products is sold by traders and online. A key variable in the performance of biochar producers is raw material costs, specifically the speed at which any increase can be passed through to customers. The materials of biochar include wood, rice stove, corn stove and other biomass materials. Wood now is the major raw material of biochar, but its price would be higher than other derived product. The price of crop raw material fluctuates with agricultural market in local market. The global Biochar market is valued at xx million US$ in 2017 and will reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2018-2025.

Application Analysis: This report provides an advance approach to the market growth with a detailed analysis of the overall competitive scenario of the Global Biochar market. The market is segmented by Application such as Soil Conditioner, Fertilizer & Others with historical and projected market share and compounded annual growth rate.

Industry Growth: An in-depth study about key trends and emerging drivers with market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional breakdowns, competitive landscape, shares, trend and strategies for Biochar market. The market is expected to estimate at XX million by 2023 growing at a CAGR of XX%.

Key questions answered in this comprehensive study – Global Biochar Market Professional Survey Report 2018 What will the market size be in 2023 and what will the growth rate be? What are the key market trends? What is driving Global Biochar Market? What are the challenges to market growth? Who are the key vendors in Global Biochar Market space? What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the Global Biochar Market? What are the key outcomes of the five forces analysis of the Global Biochar Market? What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the Global Biochar market? Get in-depth details about factors influencing the market shares of the North America, United States, Canada, Mexico, Asia-Pacific, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Singapore, Rest of Asia-Pacific, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Russia, Rest of Europe, Central & South America, Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America, Middle East & Africa, Saudi Arabia, Turkey & Rest of Middle East & Africa?

Thanks for reading this article; you can also get individual chapter wise section or region wise report version like North America, Europe or Asia.

About Author: HTF Market Report is a wholly owned brand of HTF market Intelligence Consulting Private Limited. HTF Market Report global research and market intelligence consulting organization is uniquely positioned to not only identify growth opportunities but to also empower and inspire you to create visionary growth strategies for futures, enabled by our extraordinary depth and breadth of thought leadership, research, tools, events and experience that assist you for making goals into a reality. Our understanding of the interplay between industry convergence, Mega Trends, technologies and market trends provides our clients with new business models and expansion opportunities. We are focused on identifying the “Accurate Forecast” in every industry we cover so our clients can reap the benefits of being early market entrants and can accomplish their “Goals & Objectives”.

Insight into mechanism of aged biochar for adsorption of PAEs

1 August, 2018

Biomass derived biochar is a stable carbon-rich product with potential for soil amendment. Introduced into the natural environment, biochar will naturally experience ‘ageing’ processes that are liable to change its physicochemical properties and the mobility of sorbed pollutants over the longer term. To elucidate the reciprocal effects of biochar ageing and heavy metal adsorption on the affinity of biochar for organic pollutants, we systematically assessed the adsorption of diethyl phthalate (DEP), representative of phthalic acid esters (PAEs), to fresh and aged biochars with and without coexistence of Cd2+. Long-term oxidative ageing was simulated using 5% H2O2 and applied to biochar samples made from corn cob, maize straw and wheat straw made by pyrolysis at both 450 °C and 650 °C. Our results showed that biochar made at lower temperature (450 °C) and from straw exhibited the higher adsorption capacity, owing to their greater polarity and abundance of O-containing functional groups. The adsorption of DEP onto fresh biochars was found to be driven by van der Waals force and H-bonding. Biochar made at the higher temperature (650 °C) displayed higher carbon stability than that produced at lower pyrolysis temperature. Oxidized biochar showed lower adsorption capacity than fresh biochar owing to the formation of three-dimensional water clusters on biochar surface, which blocked accessible sites and decreased the H-bonding effect between DEP and biochars. The coexistence of Cd2+ suppressed the sorption of DEP, via competition for the same electron-rich sites. This indicates that cation/π-π EDA interactions are the primary mechanism for PAE and Cd2+ stabilization on biochar. Our study sheds light on the mechanism of organic pollutant sorption by biochar, as well as the potential susceptibilities of this sorption to ageing effects in the natural environment.

Chloramphenicol interaction with functionalized biochar in water

1 August, 2018

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Biochar Market report provides significant statistics on the state of the Biochar Market. The Biochar Market research report is a treasured source of information and direction for companies and individuals. Basic summary of the Biochar Market report is provided at the beginning of the report which consists of applications, classifications, specifications policy analysis, Biochar Market news analysis and definitions.

Other topics covered in the Biochar Market research report are supply and figures, gross margin by regions, revenue, import/ export, cost, price and production. Market size, end users as well as segment markets are analysed by types, applications and companies.

The report is a thorough analysis of leading key players of the Biochar Market with significant information like capacity, gross, price, cost, product picture & specifications, revenue, contact information, company profile and production.

Transparent Graphic Film Market report provides significant statistics on the state of the Transparent Graphic Film Market. The Transparent Graphic Film Market research report is a treasured source of information and direction for companies and individuals. Basic summary of the Transparent Graphic Film Market report is provided at the beginning of the report which consists of applications, classifications, specifications policy analysis, Transparent Graphic Film Market news analysis and definitions.

Other topics covered in the Transparent Graphic Film Market research report are supply and figures, gross margin by regions, revenue, import/ export, cost, price and production. Market size, end users as well as segment markets are analysed by types, applications and companies.

Some of the TOC Points Which Covered in Transparent Graphic Film Market Report:

The report is a thorough analysis of leading key players of the Transparent Graphic Film Market with significant information like capacity, gross, price, cost, product picture & specifications, revenue, contact information, company profile and production.

The global report of Biochar market highlights major factor of current economic affairs and offers the summary of the worldwide market. The Biochar report has a detailed analysis of a micro and macroeconomic factor which are influencing the growth of the market. The Biochar market has cardinal frameworks which include market outlook, Biochar current strategies, establishment, size, revenue and latest trends of Biochar market from 2017-2026.

The Biochar research report examines and guides all factor which affects the development of Biochar market.The Biochar report also have detail analysis on significant growth and focus on current situation for the establishment of Biochar market. For reader/viewers, it will offer you detail information about buyer analysis, competitive outlook, current Biochar market trends and future scenario.

The global Biochar market growing at a CAGR X.X% and the revenue value at USD XX.XXmillion in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX.XX million in 2026.

The Biochar report also gives an overview of manufacturing data which include: size, revenue(US$), statistics, development, value and Biochar market price. The research for Biochar analyzes current and future prospects to know the stability of Biochar in a market. The global Biochar have comprehensive prospect which covers the various aspect of Biochar market. The Biochar is arranged by existing phenomenal and current market situation.

Various tools such as feasibility which helps to analyze the Biochar market and attract to study overall picture for improving according to Biochar market condition. The report customizes global Biochar market by cost updates, revenue and market hypothesis from (2017-2026). It also gives information about the feasibility of the product in the Biochar market based on their production cost, structural value, supply-demand cost, and Biochar description of the worldwide market in terms of revenue.

The report on global Biochar market serves the brief study of Biochar which have current analysis and footprint of the overall market. The prevalent study includes present Biochar market size, key challenges, restraint, technologies, and foresight.

Key Reasons to buy the report:

1 To get a discriminating survey of Biochar market and have the significant meaning of the global Biochar market and its comprehensive landscape

2 Assess global Biochar market production processes, major problems, and solutions to decrease the growth risk.

3 To understand the most immense drives and restraint forces in Biochar market and its collision in the global market

4 To have the overview about Biochar market strategies that are being applied by leading respective industries

5 To understand the comprehensive outlook and prospects for Biochar market

Available Customizations:The following customization options are available for the report:Regional and country-level analysis of the Granular Biochar Market, by end-use.Detailed analysis and profiles of additional market players.

This analysis discusses new advancements and opportunities from global Biochar market 2018, enhancement in Biochar lately has caused significant improvements in great caliber in full cost, and it includes considerate investments from private businesses internationally. All Biochar market account aims to learn development trends, upcoming opportunities, pinpointing emerging application areas across businesses.

Global Biochar market research report 2018-2023 is a resource, at which many numbers and other crucial facets of this Biochar industry are clarified. Most of the stakeholders may find thoughtful analysis necessary in making decisions or decisions.

• North America • Europe • Asia-Pacific • South America • The Middle East • Middle East and Africa

At the next area of the report, the statistics linked to this Biochar industry are included. The production and capacity of Biochar and revenue summary are given. Supply, ingestion and also the difference between them is clarified. Additionally, import/export details together with Biochar share, price, gross profit and gross margin have been all provided.

Scope: global Biochar market opportunities assesses the growth rate and the current market value based on market dynamics and growth causing variables. The comprehensive knowledge is centered on the latest Biochar industry information, changes, and trends. The analysis comprises an extensive market analysis and market landscape along with Biochar SWOT analysis of the important vendors.

Biochar market size report can be a precious resource for executives who have interests in the business. It’s been demonstrably modified for global Biochar industry analysis and decision makers to permit opportunities, developing technologies, market trends, and risks, and to focus on business plans.

Additionally, it also acts as a vital Biochar tool to businesses active throughout the value chain and even to get new participants by enabling them to exploit the open doorways of their chances and create business plans.

It turns out that the current way of life full of stress, lack of physical exercise, high-levels of tech engagement are taking a toll on night sleep leading to high …

Global Biochar Market 2017 can be defined as a board in which proficiency test is done to get the statistical surveying Biochar market information which will be useful for the new market participants or recognized Biochar players. Huge information is covered in Biochar examine through which a record of an advantageous hot spot for investigators, administrators, Biochar industry specialist and additionally other important individuals prepare to-access alongside Biochar self-structured examination together side tables and charts which help deriving Biochar market patterns, drivers and currency or financial battles. As a combination of the Linear Motors data coordination and investigation limits with the findings that are appropriate. Similarly this report has predicted a strong future rise of this Biochar market in each geographic and its segments.

The analysis starts up by Biochar market survey and continues on expanded probabilities of this Biochar market. By considering all elements examination of this Biochar market is done from the report. Upstream/downstream, customer analysis, development platform, Biochar industry change tendency, recommendations, firm outlook, income offer are also included in this Biochar examination. In this report SWOT analysis of their best players from the Biochar market are also provided.

The remarkable market occasions are featured in the Biochar report, for example, most recent technological development in Biochar industry and new item dispatches that empower market players for designing their upcoming items and to see Biochar business binding necessities.

Major classifications are as follows:

By technology:

Pyrolysis Gasification Hydrothermal Others By application:

Agriculture Water & waste water treatment Others

Historic progress and current market measurements alongside ten years predicted perspective of the Biochar market is given in report, to grasp the conduct of the worldwide Biochar market in near future. Complete business profile of Biochar market is given in the aggressive analysis segment of the report which also consists of noteworthy commitment in Biochar market development.

Europe, North America, China, Japan and Southeast Asia have been studied which helps to gain a better idea about the expansion of this Biochar market in respective regions. A list of key Biochar manufacturers has been offers major value to ensure their busniess strategies are understood in this Biochar market.

Global Hydraulic Workover Unit Market 2017 can be defined as a board in which proficiency test is done to get the statistical surveying Hydraulic Workover Unit market information which will be useful for the new…

The report starts with a succinct summary of the global Biochar market and moves onto rate the important trends of this market. The basic patterns changing the dynamics of this Biochar market are scrutinized in addition to the related current affairs, that will be affecting the market. Drivers, restraints, opportunities, and dangers of this global Biochar market are examined from the report. What’s more, the important sections and also the sub-segments that represents the current Biochar sector are clarified from the report.

The Biochar business report supplies an executive-level routine of this market which helps customers to create strategies to enlarge their market strategies. The analysis on the Biochar market can be definitely an in-depth study which covers most of the characteristics of this business. Along with that, the secondary and primary Biochar research contains reviews from industry pros correlation, regression, and time series models are within the accounts that it might offer insightful analysis of the global Biochar industry trends.

Global Biochar Market Profiles that the following Organizations, which comprises:

Along with Geography — International Biochar Forecast to 2023 is just indeed a skilled and comprehensive research study on the entire world’s major regional countries, concentrating on the significant regions Europe, South America, Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific and North America.

➜ To reevaluate chances for stakeholders by identifying high-growth parts of the market;

➜ To ascertain and predict the Biochar client participation solutions market predicated on the role, installation kind, business dimensions, vertical, and regions in 2018 to 2023, and also analyze different macro- and microeconomic variables which influence market development;

➜ Biochar comprehensive information about important factors like drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges affecting the development of the market;

➜ To analyze every sub-market connected to individual expansion tendencies, prospects, and growth in the market;

➜ To profile essentially global Biochar market players and supply comparative evaluation based on company overviews, merchandise offerings, regional existence, company plans, and crucial financials with the assistance to comprehend the competitive landscape;

The Biochar historical data from 2013 to 2017 and forecast until 2023 helping to make the report a valuable resource for industry executives, and sales managers, advisers, analysts, and different individuals searching for vital industry data in readily accessible records with clearly exhibited tables and charts.

Global Biochar Size, Status, Top Players, Trends and Forecast to 2023

2 August, 2018

MarketResearchNest.com adds “Global Biochar Market 2018 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2023” new report to its research database. The report spread across in a 135 pages with table and figures in it.

This report studies the Biochar market, Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment.

Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.

Scope of the Report:

This report focuses on the Biochar in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.

Biochar is a fragmented industry with a variety of manufacturers, among which most are small privately-owned companies. The top 5 producers account for just 38.34% of the market. Also, many companies are emerging companies that specialized in the production of biochar, and a large share of their products is sold by traders and online.

A key variable in the performance of biochar producers is raw material costs, specifically the speed at which any increase can be passed through to customers. The materials of biochar include wood, rice stove, corn stove and other biomass materials. Wood now is the major raw material of biochar, but its price would be higher than other derived product. The price of crop raw material fluctuates with agricultural market in local market.

The worldwide market for Biochar is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly — -% over the next five years, will reach — — million US$ in 2023, from — — million US$ in 2017.

MarketResearchNest.com is the most comprehensive collection of market research products and services on the Web. We offer reports from almost all top publishers and update our collection on daily basis to provide you with instant online access to the world’s most complete and recent database of expert insights on Global industries, organizations, products, and trends.

Abhilasha biochar

2 August, 2018

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Abhilasha biochar is a by-product of the process that makes Abhilasha Biofuel. It can be used as a soil amendment after treatment with natural manures and biofertilizers like compost. Biochar is great to sequester Carbon, improve soil fertility, improve water retention and aid in absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, thereby increasing crop yield.

Additionally, biochar can also be used in the construction industry. This can be mixed with cement or concrete or made into bricks. Many Green Construction companies are increasingly using biochar as it is also cost effective, has some unique properties — has low thermal conductivity and the capacity to absorb water upto 5 times its weight. In combination with clay biochar can be used as an additive for Mortar. Checkout this link to find out more.

Besides, Biochar can also be used by the Steel Industry and is a subject that is well documented in several research works.

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Highlights Of United States Biochar Market for Forecast Period 2018 – 2025

2 August, 2018

United States Biochar Market Research Report gives bits of knowledge of United States Biochar industry over recent years and an estimate until 2025.Report examinations the United States Biochar Market status and future pattern in market, parts United States Biochar by type and by applications, to completely and profoundly investigate and cover the market circumstance and future figure. United States Biochar Market report would prove to be useful to comprehend your rivals and give you a knowledge about deals; volumes, incomes in the United States Biochar business, helps with settling on vital choices. It decreases the dangers associated with settling on choices and also procedures for organizations and people intrigued by the United States Biochar business. Both set up and new players in industry can utilize answer to comprehend the market.

United States Biochar Market report contains demonstrated investigation by areas, particularly for North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, cantering top makers in market, with Production, value, income and piece of the overall industry for every producer, covering Key players.

On competitive landscape, this report incorporates finish profiles of United States Biochar Market key players. For every player contact data is given. Their product elements, limit, value, cost, gross and revenue are accommodated better understanding.

The major regions present in the continents like United States, Germany, Japan and China and their contribution to global Granular Biochar market is elaborated in this research document. In next section, the report discusses industry policies and plans, cost structures, the outline of Granular Biochar market globally, manufacturing processes. The growth rate exhibited by Granular Biochar market based on consumption ratio, consumer volume, market gains is included in this report.

The Global Granular Biochar report gives a thorough situation of the present and gauge Granular Biochar showcase procedures, improvement methodologies and development openings. Starting a discussion on the contemporary condition of Granular Biochar showcase, the report extra dissects the market powerful moving each area begun in it.

The report additionally concentrates the Granular Biochar bits of knowledge of the organizations and suggestions that will help the perusers to have progressive learning of the Granular Biochar showcase.

A principal diagram of the Granular Biochar market is introduced to the perusers with the assistance of market definition, order, different applications, and production network examination. The Granular Biochar report covers the investigation of conventional and the developing markets. The report more expresses the Granular Biochar showcase rivals, their business profiles, freshest news, their piece of the overall industry, developing arrangements and methodologies, client volume and creating strategies.

All in all, it is an exhaustive research report which will help perusers to break down the possibility of interest in Granular Biochar advertise.

The biochar market has further been segmented based on technology distinguished by process such as fast & intermediate pyrolysis, slowpyrolysis, gasification, and microwave pyrolysis; by equipment/ technology suchas continuous pyrolysis kiln, batch pyrolysis kiln, gasifier& cook stoveand others (rotary kiln & microwave pyrolysis). The study provides forecast and estimates market for each type in terms of revenue and volume during theforecast period from 2015 to 2021. Each type has been further analyzed based on regional and country levels from 2014 to 2021 in terms of volume and revenue.

Biochar is charcoal produced by pyrolysis of biomass and utilized to endow soil modification. It is carbon rich solid which can sustain in soilfor many years. It helps in augmenting fertility in acidic soil and agricultural productivity. It protects the soil against foliar and soil-bornediseases. Research is been carried to investigate carbon sequestration for the production of negative carbon dioxide emission.

The Biochar Market is segmented on the Basis of Applications Type, Technology Type, Feedstock Type and Regional Analysis.By Applications Type this market is segmented on the basis of Energy Based and Non-Energy. Energy Based is segmented on Source for Power Plant and Other Energy generation. Non-Energy Based is segmented on Carbon Sequestration, Forestry, Mine Reclamation, Gardening, Agriculture and Others.

By Technology Type this market is segmented on the basis of Process and Equipment/ Technology. Process is segmented into Fast & Intermediate Pyrolysis, Slow Pyrolysis, Gasification and Microwave Pyrolysis. Equipment/ Technology Type is segmented into Continuous Pyrolysis Kiln, Batch Pyrolysis Kiln, Gasifier& Cook stove and Others.By Feedstock Type this market is segmented on the basis of Forestry Waste, Biomass Plantation, Agriculture Waste and Animal Manure.By Regional Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America and Middle East And Africa.

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IN DEPTH: Vietnamese Farmers Replacing Chemicals with Biochar from Wastes

3 August, 2018

A project backed by UN Environment and the Global Environment Facility is boosting the sustainability of soil amendments in Vietnam using biochar made from agricultural wastes.

A 15 to 20% increase in crop yield and a 50% drop in fertilizer use have made Luan a firm advocate for biochar use by Vietnamese farmers.

Biochar is highly porous and rich in carbon, helping the soil to retain nutrients and water.

Luan makes biochar at home by heating agricultural waste such as rice husks or straw in a small stove.

A three-year research and knowledge dissemination project, backed by UN Environment and the Global Environment Facility is boosting the sustainability of soil amendment in Vietnam using biochar made from agricultural wastes…

At age 56, Vietnamese farmer Luan is still actively working the land. She is also still learning new things and open to fresh ideas. In 2015, she agreed to turn part of her smallholding into a demonstration site as part of the Biochar for Sustainable Soils project.

With assistance from researchers at Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Luan learned to produce biochar, an organic soil enhancer, in her home and apply it to her crops. She is one of 100 farmers in Vietnam’s Bac Kan province to be trained in its use as a natural alternative to chemical fertilizers.

Biochar is made from heating organic or agricultural ‘waste’, such as rice husks or straw, without the presence of oxygen. This produces a charcoal-like substance which is not only rich in carbon, but is highly porous, helping the soil to retain nutrients and water.

Biochar use among subsistence farmers is believed to be thousands of years old, yet research on its potential to enrich soil and mitigate the impact of increasingly severe land degradation on global food security is still in its infancy. While trials have so far mainly been confined to laboratories, the Biochar for Sustainable Soils project was carried out at field sites across six different countries, allowing opportunities for knowledge sharing on a global scale.

Here in Quang Chu commune, Luan’s smallholding is one of ten experimental sites set up to demonstrate and promote biochar use among local farmers.

Luan says she used to think that fertilizer was essential for a good harvest and spent a substantial amount of the household budget on purchasing chemical fertilizers.

“My parents always used it; so I used it too,” she explains. “But each year we had to apply more to achieve the same yield. We were spending around three million dong per year (US$130) just on fertilizer.”

Aside from the expense, the decline in soil quality on her plot gave her doubts about her method. “The soil became more compact and acidic,” she says. “It was hard to plough.”

Luan says she also noticed chemical residues floating in the village’s water source. Tests proved that the water contained abnormally high calcium levels.

While at first she was sceptical when the university offered her training on how to mix burnt rice husks with animal dung, the benefits soon became clear.

The Biochar for Sustainable Soils team provided her with a subsidised stove on which to make the natural fertilizer and divided the demonstration plot into two sections: the first relied on agrochemicals as usual, while the second received regular biochar boosts. As time passed, the colour and texture of the soil on the second plot became noticeably different. A 15 to 20 per cent increase in yield for her rice, maize, and cassava crops was enough to make Luan a staunch advocate of the new approach. She has now more than halved her fertilizer use, saving over US$75 a year – in addition to the income boost from her land’s increased productivity.

And she is not alone; farmers across the Biochar for Sustainable Soils project’s demonstration sites have shown an eagerness to adopt this organic alternative to conventional fertilizers.

With more than 500 farmers already trained in biochar use – from Ethiopia to Peru, Kenya, China, Indonesia, and Vietnam – Biochar for Sustainable Soils technical committee Chair and Agriculture NSW Principal Research Scientist Annette Cowie says the project has shown the great potential of biochar as an effective soil amendment for sustainable land management.

“The project has shown that biochar made from locally available biomass residues can enhance plant growth and reduce fertilizer requirements, in a range of soil types, across six countries,” Cowie says.

With farmers across the six project countries keen to put biochar to use, the project team is now working on overcoming barriers to more widespread adoption, such as

biochar’s time-consuming production process. In Vietnam, this means encouraging commercial production to upscale and mainstream biochar.

“Collaboration between scientists, commercial manufacturers, and farmers is needed to produce biochar at affordable prices,” Biochar for Sustainable Soils research team leader and Deputy Head of the Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environment at Thai Nguyen University of Sciences Mai Thi Lan Anh says. “Farmers are willing to buy it!”

“From improving the productivity of soil to achieve higher yields, to helping manage waste and increasing carbon sequestration capacity – the advantages are clear. It’s now time to think about how to upscale the findings of the project to reach even more farmers globally.”

To learn more about the Biochar for Sustainable Soils project and UN Environment’s work in Land Degradation, contact Ersin Esen.

Global Biochar Fuel Market 2018 Research report reveals paramount frameworks of Biochar Fuel industry including market share, price, market size, segmentation and global trends from 2018 to 2022, considering 2018 as the base year of study. Further, it highlights important definitions related to Biochar Fuel study, product scope, product classification, market overview and industry chain structure of Biochar Fuel industry. Further, examination of forecast analysis over seven years is done to apprehend figures in terms of volume. It performs SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and threats) analysis and Porter’s five forces analysis such as supplier power, the threat of New Entry, competitive rivalry, buyer power and the threat of substitution.

Entire report is segregated according to major key players, geographical zones, product types, and opportunities.

As you move forward while reading the Biochar Fuel business report we will notice different plans and policies of the top enterprises, their company profiles, product images, import/export details, relation between supply and chain, market gains, market statistics in the form of tables and charts, consumption ratio and Biochar Fuel industry chain structure.

The Biochar Fuel study report divulges confrontations faced followed by purchasing benchmarks in the Biochar Fuel market. The developing trends of the Biochar Fuel market and various market conveniences and threats are also cited in this Biochar Fuel research report. Correspondingly, primary weaknesses and strengths of top players and current augmentations are revealed in this Biochar Fuel business report. Finally, it delivers research findings, conclusions, abbreviations, and appendix.

New Mexico Courier Express has been providing an independent voice in New Mexico for nearly a decade.The first English edition launched online in 2007 followed by the first print edition in 2011. Our beginnings have instilled in New Mexico Courier Express staff an unwavering commitment to objective reporting and socially responsible business practices, as well as respect for human rights and freedom.

Biochar Market Demand Response By End Users

3 August, 2018

The Biochar Market offers an in-depth analysis of the Biochar Market. It presents a succinct outline of the Biochar Market and explains the major key elements of the market. Additionally, the report highlights significant players in the Global Biochar Market along with their investment in the market to assess their growth during the estimated time. The foremost market players in the industry are also included in this report for a better understanding of business strategies, growth analysis, sales and revenue and growth factors. The report discusses the most recent expansions while predicting the development of the key players in the near future.

The report assesses the Global Biochar Market volume in the recent years. It estimates the Global Biochar Market in terms of revenue [USD Million] and quantity [k MT]. Additionally, the report also highlights the key controllers and drivers determining the market expansions. It also uncovers the estimate of the market for the predicted time. The report emphasizes the emergent trends related to development possibilities of the Global Biochar Market. Moreover, the market report includes the main product category and industry key segments as well as the sub-segments of the Global Biochar Market.

Additionally, the total value sequence of the market is also portrayed in the report linked with the analysis of the downstream and upstream constituents of the market. The Global Biochar Market is divided based on the category of product and the customer request segments. The market analysis includes the growth of every segment of the Global Biochar Market. The data introduced in the report are gathered from varied industry bodies to estimate the growth of the segments in the upcoming time.

Geographically, this report is segmented into several key regions, with sales, revenue, market share (%) and Growth Rate (%) of Biochar Market in these regions during the forecast period, covering major regions

As one of the lead news writers & editiors on financialcounselor24, Hiren’s specialization lies in the science and technology domains. His passion for the latest developments in cloud technology, connected devices, nanotechnology, and virtual reality, among others, shines through in the most recent industry coverage he provides. Hiren’s take on the impact of digital technologies across the science, technology, and business domains gives his writing a fresh and modern outlook.

The Global Biochar Market 2018 report includes every aspect of the Biochar industry along with the progress performance. It evaluates the past and current Biochar market values as well as pristine study of the Biochar market to predict future market directions between the forecast period from 2018 to 2025 providing you with vital data for your business decisions.

The greatest strength of the latest Biochar market report is its comprehensive as well as readable nature. The report packs diverse data points in the form of tables, graphs, and pie-charts. Data is primarily obtained from secondary sources including magazines, internet, journals and press releases. All the retrieved information is validated using primary interviews and questionnaires.

This study takes care of all focal points providing an important walkthrough of the Biochar business. The report enables you to get insights into the work entities and enterprise profiles of Biochar market, their contact details, strategy and planning, Biochar manufacturing guidelines, gross margin of Biochar industry and consumer volume.

For straightforward reading, Biochar market report delivers a wide coverage of all the factors – positive as well as negative – that influence decision making of industry experts along with convoluted and profitable augmentations. The report gives a list of top traders, distributors, and suppliers of Biochar industry along with research findings, conclusions, and appendix.

• Forecast Period: The report identifies and provides the growth nature of the Biochar market for a period of 7 years.

• Focus on Proven Strategies: The Biochar Market report features different approaches and procedures implemented and endorsed by the key players to make vital business decisions.

• Vital Statistics: The report depicts parameters such as production value, capacity in a statistical format that accurately reveals a comprehendible picture of the Biochar market.

• Readability: Major part of the Biochar market report includes graphical representation of data in the form of tables, graphs, and pie-charts that makes the report highly readable and easy to understand.

The “Biochar Market (2018 — 2023): Global Industry Analysis” research publication offers readers with a comprehensive knowledge of the biochar market scenario in forthcoming years. This report guides through various segments of the global biochar market with market size status and forecast 2023. These segments are determined by sizing the market with biochar type, end-use segment, and geography. Furthermore, the report offers strategic perspectives on market growth factors such as drivers, restraints, biochar market demand and supplier opportunities, technological developments and how they will shape the biochar industry.

Market Summary: The main objective of the report is to track the market events such as product launches, biochar market ups and downs in terms of volume US$ (mn) and volume (units) from 2013 to 2023, various development activities related to biochar products, latest trends, and technologies used in this field. The first overview section of the report comprised with a definition of the global biochar market, classification and regional outlook of the market. The regional analysis being used in this report that specifies opportunities available and growth prospects of the global biochar market within the specified regions. It additionally provides information related to value chain with a curated list of raw materials suppliers, distributors, biochar manufacturers, technological solutions providers and end users of the biochar.

The crucial section of the report describes the vendor landscape of the global biochar market, it includes the profile of leading market players currently operating in the market. The analysis provides information about their market revenues, products manufactured by them, biochar manufacturing process and plants, opportunities that are motivating these players and business strategies followed by them. The biochar report helps businesses compete better using this scale of reference, although planning their future developments to counter the movements of the other players and stay ahead in the competition.

List of Market Players Profiled in the Report

Segments Covered in the Global Biochar Market Report

The research study examines forecasts revenue growth of biochar market at global, regional & country levels and provides inclusive insight on the market developments and opportunities available in various segments of the biochar market from 2013 to 2023. For the purpose of this study, report segmented the global market based on region, end-user, and biochar type. The market shares contributed by these segments are formulated to give the readers a 360-degree assessment of the global biochar market.

— A comprehensive analysis of current and future market demand for the biochar, covering six world regions, end-use industries, growing markets for the biochar.

— The report employs a combination of primary and secondary research methods for segmenting and estimating quantitative facets of the global biochar market.

— Exclusive research on established and emerging market players to get competitive advantage of the global biochar market.

— Extensive analysis of the market drivers, restraints, review of latest trends and technologies used, market openings for the biochar.

— Details of biochar market sizes and five-year forecasts, segmented by product type, end use segment, and region and country worldwide.

Michael Dulaney is an research enthusiast for last 12 years. He has keen interest and knowledge of research industry. He works as a Sr. Head Research. His goals are simple – to stay happy, healthy and to keep writing and exploring as long as he possibly can.

The Worldwide Biochar Fuel Market report is a momentous structure of the major segmentation of the Biochar Fuel market. Each sector is briskly and steadily advancing and inspected through Biochar Fuel examination. The market witnessed, serving of the Biochar Fuel market, and size of every segment and sub-segment. The key intense believable outcomes related to the Biochar Fuel primary expeditiously developing fragments of the Biochar Fuel market additionally are added in this report.

Also, order reinforce regions likewise the patterns propelling the main region-wise Biochar Fuel markets are studied. The world Biochar Fuel market report swathe regional and sub-regional Biochar Fuel market: China, India, Japan, USA, South East Asia and Europe. Geographically, this Biochar Fuel report is categorized into a major geologies, with policies, sales volume, Biochar Fuel market share(%) and growth ratio (%) in different areas, from 2018 to 2023.

Necessary and important sources are mostly Biochar Fuel industry expertize from the well-established endeavor, and Biochar Fuel players, producer, dealers, specialist co-ops, and corporation classified with all Biochar Fuel segments of the business manufacturing network. The Biochar Fuel bottom-up access was utilized to assess the Worldwide Biochar Fuel market size including end-applications Biochar Fuel industry and regions.

To describe competitive nature of the Biochar Fuel market globally the report focused on the leading market players with detailing Biochar Fuel company profile depends on SWOT analysis. Moreover, company latest Biochar Fuel market improvement, market shares, tie-ups and acquisition with other Biochar Fuel leading establishments, financial agreements which affect the Biochar Fuel market in recent years are analyzed. In addition, Biochar Fuel company long term and short term Biochar Fuel business strategies include in the report to study future Biochar Fuel market growth and proposals towards the Biochar Fuel market.

The following Biochar Fuel market segmentation bifurcates the Biochar Fuel market into various divisions. Here the representation of each segment in Biochar Fuel market is evaluated. The Biochar Fuel market region-wise and country-wise level breakdown provides size and study of the Biochar Fuel market in each geographical regions by comparing past and futuristic development. Furthermore, the Biochar Fuel report represents comparison depends on country populations and development in the economies for Biochar Fuel industry.

The “Biochar Fuel Market (2018 — 2023): Global Industry Analysis” research publication offers readers with a comprehensive knowledge of the biochar fuel market scenario in forthcoming years. This report guides through various segments of the global biochar fuel market with market size status and forecast 2023. These segments are determined by sizing the market with biochar fuel type, end-use segment, and geography. Furthermore, the report offers strategic perspectives on market growth factors such as drivers, restraints, biochar fuel market demand and supplier opportunities, technological developments and how they will shape the biochar fuel industry.

Market Summary: The main objective of the report is to track the market events such as product launches, biochar fuel market ups and downs in terms of volume US$ (mn) and volume (units) from 2013 to 2023, various development activities related to biochar fuel products, latest trends, and technologies used in this field. The first overview section of the report comprised with a definition of the global biochar fuel market, classification and regional outlook of the market. The regional analysis being used in this report that specifies opportunities available and growth prospects of the global biochar fuel market within the specified regions. It additionally provides information related to value chain with a curated list of raw materials suppliers, distributors, biochar fuel manufacturers, technological solutions providers and end users of the biochar fuel.

The crucial section of the report describes the vendor landscape of the global biochar fuel market, it includes the profile of leading market players currently operating in the market. The analysis provides information about their market revenues, products manufactured by them, biochar fuel manufacturing process and plants, opportunities that are motivating these players and business strategies followed by them. The biochar fuel report helps businesses compete better using this scale of reference, although planning their future developments to counter the movements of the other players and stay ahead in the competition.

List of Market Players Profiled in the Report

Segments Covered in the Global Biochar Fuel Market Report

The research study examines forecasts revenue growth of biochar fuel market at global, regional & country levels and provides inclusive insight on the market developments and opportunities available in various segments of the biochar fuel market from 2013 to 2023. For the purpose of this study, report segmented the global market based on region, end-user, and biochar fuel type. The market shares contributed by these segments are formulated to give the readers a 360-degree assessment of the global biochar fuel market.

Biochar market research helps to understand the competitive outlook of Biochar market’s key players and leading brands. The Biochar report provides form charts, tables, graphs, and figures which helps to analyze the market growth rate, market share, and trends. Additionally, the report provides the forecast of the Biochar market for the next four years which assist Biochar industry analyst in building and developing Biochar business strategies. The Biochar market report contains industry top manufacturers discussion based on the company’s profiles, financial analysis, overview, market revenue, and opportunities by top geological regions.

The Biochar market research report is a resource, which provides current as well as upcoming technical and financial details of the industry. The detailed study in this report enables CEOs, traders, investors, and dealers to realize the market in a better way and based on that data make knowledgeable decisions.

Waste not, want not

3 August, 2018

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Global and Regional Biochar Market by Type, Stage, End-User

3 August, 2018

MarketResearchNest.com adds “2018-2023 Global and Regional Biochar Industry Production, Sales and Consumption Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report” new report to its research database. The report spread across 180 pages with table and figures in it.

Biochar market size will grow from — — Million in 2017 to — — Million by 2023, at an estimated CAGR of _ _%. The base year considered for the study is 2017, and the market size is projected from 2018 to 2023.

Biochar is a charcoal which is obtained by heating different waste products such as wood waste, agricultural waste, animal manure and forest waste. These waste products are used as feedstock for production of biochar. Biochar is produced mainly through modern pyrolysis processes in which direct thermal decomposition of biomass waste in the absence of oxygen, resulting into biochar along with bio-oil and syngas. Biochar obtained is rich in carbon content and is fine grained residue. Biochar can also be obtained using different technologies such as gasification, microwave pyrolysis, etc.

Scope of Biochar: Biochar Market report evaluates the growth rate and the market value based on market dynamics, growth inducing factors. The complete knowledge is based on latest industry news, opportunities, and trends. The report contains a comprehensive market analysis and vendor landscape in addition to a SWOT analysis of the key vendors.

The prime objective of this report is to help the user understand the market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends, and the challenges that the market is facing. Deep researches and analysis were done during the preparation of the report. The readers will find this report very helpful in understanding the market in depth. The data and the information regarding the market are taken from reliable sources such as websites, annual reports of the companies, journals, and others and were checked and validated by the industry experts. The facts and data are represented in the report using diagrams, graphs, pie charts, and other pictorial representations. This enhances the visual representation and also helps in understanding the facts much better.

MarketResearchNest.com is the most comprehensive collection of market research products and services on the Web. We offer reports from almost all top publishers and update our collection on daily basis to provide you with instant online access to the world’s most complete and recent database of expert insights on industries, organizations, products, and trends.

Biochar Market To Witness Significant Growth Based On Rising Demand For Organic Food By 2025

3 August, 2018

The global biochar market is expected to reach USD 3,146.1 million by 2025, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Globally increasing consumption of organic food has been a major factor driving market growth. In addition, growing awareness regarding the advantages of biochar as soil amendment is further supplementing demand for the global market.

Biochar is an emerging industry and the product is at its nascent stage. The product is expected to be a key factor for increasing agricultural productivity and crop yield in the near future. Its ability to enhance soil fertility and plant growth is expected to be a key factor on account of growing global population and rising demand for organic food. Agriculture was the largest product category in 2017 and is expected to grow substantially over the forecast period. Farming was the major application segment in agriculture with a share of over 51.8% in 2017.

Application in agriculture segment is expected to observe the fastest growth over the next nine years with an estimated CAGR of around 12.5% from 2018 to 2025. Biochar is primarily used in agriculture to enhance soil fertility, improve plant growth, and provide crop nutrition. As a result, it, improves the overall productivity. It has also gained considerable popularity in livestock farming as an animal feed. The livestock sector is extremely crucial for biochar, especially in regions such as the North America and Europe where meat is important for human consumption.

The global demand stood 353.4 kilo tons in 2017 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.2% from 2018 to 2025

Agriculture emerged as the largest application segment in 2017 and is estimated to generate revenue over USD 2,441.2 million by 2025

Global demand in pyrolysis was USD 737 million in 2017 and is anticipated to witness staggered growth over the next nine years

The industry in Asia Pacific is projected to witness substantial growth over the next decade owing to rising popularity of organic farming and increasing application in animal feed.

Key players including Diacarbon Energy Inc, Vega Biofuels Inc. and Agri-Tech Producers, LLC have invested heavily in gasification technology and are expected to expand their production facilities over the forecast period. The market has also witnessed an increase in the number of pyrolysis equipment manufacturing companies such as Earth Systems and Clean Fuels B.V. In April 2014, Phoenix Energy announced construction of a biomass gasification facility in California, in order to strengthen its business presence.

Grand View Research, Inc. is a U.S. based market research and consulting company, registered in the State of California and headquartered in San Francisco. The company provides syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. To help clients make informed business decisions, we offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across a range of industries, from technology to chemicals, materials and healthcare.

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Biochar Effects on Ecosystems

4 August, 2018

Eco-Friendly Utilization of Nutrient Enriched Biochar from Sugar Industry Wastes and Its Effect on …

4 August, 2018

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Organic high quality Biochar

Biochar

4 August, 2018

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Biochar has become a hot topic in bioenergy circles, not only for its potential as a replacement for coal, but because of its many potential non-energy uses ranging from soil amendments to animal feed supplements to electronic components. However, one thing that is often not realized by many is that biochar is not a single, uniform material but is instead a wide range of products with varying properties and uses.

With all of these variables to work with, it is clear to see that a successful producer or user of biochar needs to have a good understanding of the different types of biochar and the critical properties that impact its performance. How does one do this? A good starting point is Penn State Extension’s Biochar and Torrefied Biomass Short Course, to be held on October 24-25 in State College, PA. With National Bioenergy Day being October 24th, the short course promises to be a great way to observe the holiday while gaining an in-depth understanding of biochar properties and business opportunities. Presenters from business and academia will be sharing their expertise, and networking opportunities will be a notable feature at the event. For more information, visit the short course website.

Production and characterization of a value added biochar mix using seaweed, rice husk and pine …

4 August, 2018

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Taguchi's L4 Array was adopted to assess the effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar.

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Effect of three different types of feedstock on pyrolysis was tested.

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Macroalgae, rice husk and pine wood were mixed in a definite proportion and pyrolyzed.

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Temperature and mixing ratio are the most crucial factors affecting biochar quality.

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A temperature of 500 °C and 70% algae mix was the optimum pyrolysis condition.

Taguchi's L4 Array was adopted to assess the effect of pyrolysis conditions on biochar.

Effect of three different types of feedstock on pyrolysis was tested.

Macroalgae, rice husk and pine wood were mixed in a definite proportion and pyrolyzed.

Temperature and mixing ratio are the most crucial factors affecting biochar quality.

A temperature of 500 °C and 70% algae mix was the optimum pyrolysis condition.

A parametric study employing Taguchi's design of experimental technique was conducted to produce a value added novel biochar mix from three different origin feedstock and evaluate the effect of process parameters on biochar quality. Three feedstocks sourced from different origins (macroalgae: Sargassum sp, agricultural waste: rice husk and lignocellulosic waste: pine wood) were mixed in a definite proportion and pyrolyzed following the L4 experimental layout. Results indicated that temperature and mixing ratio were the most influential contributing factor. A temperature of 500 °C and 70% algae mix was the optimum condition to get an enhanced biochar in terms of thermal stability, aromaticity, pH balance, ash content and yield. Among the 4 Taguchi combination char S3 stands out as the best condition that resulted in high aromaticity, 40% high ash content, highly alkaline pH (10.3), 1–2% higher nitrogen and sulfur content. Potential application of biochar in agronomy as a soil ameliorant and/or in contaminant remediation as an adsorbent is suggested.

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As part of our effort to develop a greenhouse gas emission reduction offset quantification protocol for biochar projects, Biochar Protocol Develoment held a webinar with members of the biochar community June 15, 2010, titled Biochar Science, Feedstocks and Technology. For more information, visit www.biocharprotocol.org

On the basis on the end users/applications, Biochar Fertilizer market report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, including: Cereals, Oil Crops, Fruits and Vegetables

Biochar Fertilizer Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with sales, revenue, market share of top players in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast), like:

Finally, Biochar Fertilizer Market report is the believable source for gaining the market research that will exponentially accelerate your business. This research report provides analysis and information according to market segments such as geography, technology and applications. Biochar Fertilizer Industry report gives the principle local, economic situations with the item value, benefit, limit, generation, supply, request and market development rate and figure and so on. Biochar Fertilizer industry report additionally Present new task SWOT examination, speculation attainability, and venture return.

Effect of sulfur-iron modified biochar on the available cadmium and bacterial community structure …

7 August, 2018

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Sulfur and iron were loaded on the raw biochar successfully.

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S-BC and SF-BC addition increased the content of soil organic matter.

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The exchangeable Cd in soil was significantly decreased by S-BC and SF-BC.

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The S-BC and SF-BC significantly increased the alpha diversity indices.

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The S-BC and SF-BC changed soil bacterial community structure.

Sulfur and iron were loaded on the raw biochar successfully.

S-BC and SF-BC addition increased the content of soil organic matter.

The exchangeable Cd in soil was significantly decreased by S-BC and SF-BC.

The S-BC and SF-BC significantly increased the alpha diversity indices.

The S-BC and SF-BC changed soil bacterial community structure.

Cadmium contamination in paddy soils has aroused increasing concern around the world, and biochar has many positive properties, such as large specific surface areas, micro porous structure for the heavy metal immobilization in soils. However there are few studies on sulfur-iron modified biochar as well as its microbiology effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Cd immobilization effects of sulfur or sulfur-iron modified biochar and its related microbial community changes in Cd-contaminated soils. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed that sulfur and iron were loaded on the raw biochar successfully. Sulfur-modified biochar (S-BC) and sulfur-iron modified biochar (SF-BC) addition increased pH value and the content of soil organic matter, and also decreased DTPA-extractable Cd. There was a negative significant correlation between organic matter content and the available Cd (P < 0.05). During a 45-d incubation period, the fractions of Cd are mainly with the exchangeable (25.16–35.79%) and carbonate (22.01–25.10%) fractions. Compared with the control, the concentrations of exchangeable Cd in soil were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 12.54%, 29.71%, 18.53% under the treatments of BC, S-BC, SF-BC respectively. The S-BC and SF-BC treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased Chao1, observed, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices compared with the control and biochar treatments. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria increased, whereas the abundance of Acidobacteria and Germmatimonadetes decreased.

Capsule: Sulfur-modified and sulfur-iron modified biochar applications decreased the available Cd and changed the microbial community.

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Biochar Market: phenomenal pace of 2016–2024

7 August, 2018

All you need to know, a new report on “Biochar Market: Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecasts 2016–2024”

The global Biochar Market research report offers detailed information on the current Biochar Market situation. The Biochar Market report updates the user about various market growth strategies and management. It states the various terminologies used in the global Biochar Market. The global Biochar Market report covers data over the industries and markets, technologies and abilities of the market. It collects the facts and figures over the revenue of the global market and conditions. The report provides the explanation related to the market values and potential market players’ future scope.

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This report highlights the facts and figures of the Biochar Market in the earlier years. It also studies the revenue and the volume of the industry. The report predicts the future aspects and calculations of the market on the basis of previous circumstances along with the volume of global Biochar Market.

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The report entitled “Biochar Market: Global Industry Analysis 2017 – 2026” is an extensive research document presents significant data on the Biochar industry. The research analysis stipulates a complete overview of the Biochar market growth factors like drivers, constraints, Biochar current market trends, and technology improvement in the Biochar market, previous and the estimated future of the Biochar market (market size in terms of revenue (in US$ Mn)). Moreover, the Biochar report classified the Biochar market size by technology, application, and region. A Biochar report is an important tool that tracks and record the performance of the Biochar industry and guides readers to make important decisions for business growth and Biochar profitability.

It has been noticed that competition in the global Biochar market is becoming intensive with the increase in technological innovation and collaboration & acquisitions activities across the world. The motive of the Biochar report is to observe the key market events like Biochar product launches, advancement activities globally, dominant market players in the Biochar market. Furthermore, the Biochar report focuses on the vital trends impacting the Biochar market on worldwide and regional level. Topographical regions that are included to observe the performance of Biochar market, namely North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South America.

The Biochar report offers a comparative analysis of conventional players in the Biochar market, which includes company profile, product landscape, capacity, Biochar production value, latest improvement activities, Biochar market shares of the company, business strategies, and Biochar forthcoming prospects. Additionally, to these SWOT investigation of Biochar market players to analyses the potential of the key players together with their Biochar mergers and acquisition strategies to have growth in global Biochar market share.

Global Biochar Market: Segment Overview

The report section explains the Biochar market segments and their relevant market share from 2017 to 2026. The global Biochar market is segmented based on the technology, application, and region. The report studied the performance of each specified Biochar market segment at worldwide as well as a regional scale that explains the Biochar market size, supply/demands, and growth opportunities, Biochar market areas that require to work on.

— The report covers recent project investment feasibility study in global Biochar market that describes the technical feasibility of the project, the expected cost of the project, and will be beneficial or not.

Ronnie has been into market research industry for last 5 years. He has a keen interest and deep knowledge of research industry. He has a stint of experience working as Research Analyst. His goals in life are simple – to keep writing as long as he possibly can.

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Biochar derived from swine manure digestate and applied on the removals of heavy metals and …

7 August, 2018

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A high yield of biochar rich of ash and C-O groups was derived from SMD.

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HCl, NH3.H2O and KMnO4 modification increased the SBET and total pore volume of BC.

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HCl-BC, NH3-BC and Mn-BC were all negative charged while the original BC was positive.

•

The ash of BC demonstrated great efforts to adsorb Cu and As.

•

Mn-BC had the best potential in the removals of Cu, Zn, As, SDM, ROX and TYL.

A high yield of biochar rich of ash and C-O groups was derived from SMD.

HCl, NH3.H2O and KMnO4 modification increased the SBET and total pore volume of BC.

HCl-BC, NH3-BC and Mn-BC were all negative charged while the original BC was positive.

The ash of BC demonstrated great efforts to adsorb Cu and As.

Mn-BC had the best potential in the removals of Cu, Zn, As, SDM, ROX and TYL.

Swine manure digestate (SMD) is rich of functional groups. In this work, raw biochar (BC) was prepared from SMD by oxygen-limiting pyrolysis, and HCl-BC, NH3-BC and Mn-BC were obtained by modifying BC with HCl, NH3.H2O and KMnO4. The modified biochar was negatively charged and showed a larger specific surface area and total pore volume, and higher contents of Si-O-Si and O-H bonds and aromatic rings with C=O bond. Among them, Mn-BC, was given a new Mn-O group. The adsorption capacities of biochar were determined using a model aqueous solution containing some metals and antibiotics. The adsorption experiment results showed that Mn-BC had a quite good capacity for Cu and Zn removal. And the removal efficiency of As (III), sulfadimidine and tylosin of 83.98%, 83.76%, and 77.34% respectively, was also observed by using Mn-BC. Mn-BC was considered to be a promising material for the adsorption of heavy metals and antibiotics.

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Biochar derived from swine manure digestate and applied on the removals of heavy metals and …

7 August, 2018

Swine manure digestate (SMD) is rich of functional groups. In this work, raw biochar (BC) was prepared from SMD by oxygen-limiting pyrolysis, and HCl-BC, NH3-BC and Mn-BC were obtained by modifying BC with HCl, NH3.H2O and KMnO4. The modified biochar was negatively charged and showed a larger specific surface area and total pore volume, and higher contents of Si-O-Si and O-H bonds and aromatic rings with C=O bond. Among them, Mn-BC, was given a new Mn-O group. The adsorption capacities of biochar were determined using a model aqueous solution containing some metals and antibiotics. The adsorption experiment results showed that Mn-BC had a quite good capacity for Cu and Zn removal. And the removal efficiency of As (III), sulfadimidine and tylosin of 83.98%, 83.76%, and 77.34% respectively, was also observed by using Mn-BC. Mn-BC was considered to be a promising material for the adsorption of heavy metals and antibiotics.

The Biochar Market report covers data on global market including historical and future trends for supply, market size, prices, trading, competition and value chain as well as major vendorrsquo;s information.

Along with Biochar Market research analysis, buyer also gets valuable information about global Biochar Production and its market share, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, Supply, Consumption, Export, import volume and values for following Regions: —USA, EU, Japan, China and Others.

On the basis on the end users/applications, Biochar market report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, including: —Application 1, Application 2, Application 3

The Biochar Market report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, Contact Information of manufacturer and market shares for each company.

In the end, the Biochar Market report makes some important proposals for a new project of Biochar Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2023 Global and Chinese Biochar Industry covering all important parameters.

The 2018 Appalachian Energy Summit brought industrial leaders and students from around the world for three days to Appalachian State University.

Sustainable energy techniques were demonstrated and future policy goals discussed. Several students opted to visit two small greenhouse farms in the Boone area that utilize student designed biomass heating systems that maximize heat in order to promote longer growing seasons in the Appalachian Mountain area.

“The 2018 Appalachian Energy Summit focuses on current and future leaders who work to make the world a better place,” says Dr. Lee Ball, Chief Sustainability Officer at Appalachian State University. “Whether through the continuing development of clean energy or the advancement of sustainable communities, leaders of today and tomorrow have an opportunity to lead with integrity for the good of all.”

The first tour was at the Springhouse Farm in Vilas.

Next up, interested observers traveled to Against the Grain Farm in Zionville for a tour of the 35-acre farm located about 15 minutes from downtown Boone.

Global Biochar market study report 2018-2023 offers a unique tool for measuring the market, important opportunities, and helpful planned and preventive policymaking. This report witnessed that in this quick developing and modest situation, latest marketing data is crucial to display performance and make serious choices for progress and efficiency.

This Biochar market report provides respected data for firms like manufacturers, distributors, traders, suppliers, investors, customers, and people who have benefits in this industry.

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Biochar Sales Market research report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Biochar Sales Industry.

The Biochar Sales Market Report provides a basic overview of the Biochar Sales industry including definitions, classifications, Applications and chain structure. The Biochar Sales market report addresses forecast and growth patterns by company, Region and types or Application from 2021. Present day status of the Biochar Sales Market in key Region is stated and industry policies and news are analyzed.

The report starts with a basic Biochar Sales market overview. It also acts as a vital tool to industries active across the value chain and for new entrants by enabling them to take advantage of the opportunities and develop business strategies.

Biochar Sales market report helps the companies to better understand the market trends and to grasp opportunities and articulate critical business strategies. Also includes company profiles of market Key Players contact information, gross capacity, product details of each firm, price, and cost are covered.

Top Key Players of industry covered in Biochar Sales Market Research Report:

After the basic information, the Biochar Sales market report sheds light on the production, production plants, their capacities, production and revenue are studied. Also, the Biochar Sales Market growth in various Region and R&D status are also covered.

Along with this, analysis of depreciation cost, manufacturing cost structure, manufacturing process is also carried out. Price, cost, and gross analysis of the Biochar Sales market is also included in this section.

The Biochar Sales industry research report is a valuable source of guidance and direction. It is helpful for established businesses, new entrants in the market as well as individuals interested in the market. New Investment Feasibility analysis is included in report.

The Biochar Market Report provides key statistics on the market status of the Biochar Manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the Biochar Industry. The Biochar Market report delivers a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. Also, the Biochar Industry report explores the international Major Market players in detail.

Along with Biochar Market research analysis, buyer also gets valuable information about global Biochar Production and its market share, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, Supply, Consumption, Export, import volume and values for following Regions: —USA, EU, Japan, China and Others.

On the basis on the end users/applications, Biochar market report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, including: —Application 1, Application 2, Application 3

The Biochar Market report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, Contact Information of manufacturer and market shares for each company.

Further in the report, Biochar Market is examined for price, cost and revenue. In prolongation with this data sale price for various types, applications and region is also included.

In the end, the Biochar Market report makes some important proposals for a new project of Biochar Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2023 Global and Chinese Biochar Industry covering all important parameters.

Pune, India—Stats and Reports announced the publication of new research report titles as Global Granular Biochar Market. The report has been studied on the various parameters such as Type, Application, Region which offers deep insights about the historic market scenarios along the future growth and prospects. The report covers certain key geography analysis including North America, United States, Canada, Mexico, Asia-Pacific, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Singapore, Rest of Asia-Pacific, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Russia, Rest of Europe, Central & South America, Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America, Middle East & Africa, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Rest of Middle East & Africa which not only helps in understanding the current market scenario but allows you in better business expansion decision.

The report Global Granular Biochar Market published by Stats and Reports includes the latest trends and market data along with the future trends which helps you to identify the key profitable products/services and major application driving the revenue growth. The report also helps in understanding the growth of regions/countries which helps in making the important business decisions such as new product launch, merger, acquisition, partnership and expansion.

Which are the top 3 regions of the Global Granular Biochar Market Which company is dominating the market with what percentage? What are the major strategies followed by each company? What are some major trends which is driving the market growth? What are some major challenges which is hampering the market growth? Which segment is showing promising growth and what are the investment avenues in it? What are the opportunities for new players/start-ups? Who are the major distributors in the Global Granular Biochar Market

Table of Content

Chapter 1, 2 and 3 includes methodology & data sources, market overview and market analysis by application. The market overview chapter provides segment information by type including the revenue (million USD) and sales volume (K Units) along with market share and year-on-year growth analysis. Market analysis by application provides insights on the different application/end users of the Global Granular Biochar Market including the sales volume by sub application types.

Chapter 4, 5 and 6 includes global market sales, revenue, price and growth rate analysis by regions, Market Competition by Players/Manufacturers which includes global market share, price by manufactures as well as sales and revenue by individual market players. Continue…

Research Methodology

The research report has been prepared by conducting various rounds of primary interviews with key management of several Tier-I and II companies. The primary research percentage of all of reports are above ~80% whereas ~20% of secondary research includes data from hoovers, factiva, one source avention and other government published records. Both top-down approach has been applied for the calculation of market size, volume, import and export and has been validated thoroughly.

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SERDANG, July 27 – Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) researchers have successfully produced Biomass Microwave Carbonizer (BMC), an innovation that offers an environmental friendly production of biochar, that produces high quality biochar and doubles the production capacity to over 20 percent within a very short time period of between one and two hours.

BMC offers a clean and innovative technology that utilises pyrolysis with the help of microwave technology to burn agricultural wastes or biomass to produce green charcoal known as bio-charcoal.

Incineration is at least 50 percent faster than conventional pyrolysis, saving over 50 percent of energy with less than 70 percent carbon release.

The process of making biochar or ‘instant charcoal’ through BMC is totally different from the traditional or conventional process which is time-consuming and involves high smoke emission.

The head of the research group, Prof. Dr. Azni Idris from the Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, said BMC provides an innovative solution in managing excessive agricultural wastes and biomass by converting them into a better quality product in a short period of time.

Among the biomass used are the empty fruit bunches from oil palm that can be easily obtained as the palm oil industry in this country produces 7 million tonnes of empty bunches per year, kenaf, bamboo, paddy, wood chips and coconut shells.

“The method used is pyrolysis, which is an oxygen-free burning with the help of microwave technology,” he said.

The incineration process occurs in a well-balanced burning chamber under low heat temperature (250-300°C) with a controllable and adjustable automatic panel to optimise the temperature so that it achieves the highest ratio of biochar production which is as high as 50 percent.

BMC technology offers the best performance as compared to the current alternatives such as open burning and conventional pyrolysis. BMC system provides better results in terms of process control, heating time, the quality of bio-charcoal produced, and it is environment friendly with a higher ratio of bio-charcoal produced as compared to open burning and conventional pyrolysis.

“Bio-charcoal is a type of green fossil fuel with the ability to reduce greenhouse gasses (GHG) that is usually emitted during the burning of charcoal and biomass in the process of obtaining energy which causes severe air pollution,” he stated.

He added that bio-charcoal comes in the form of powder and briquette which can be utilised in various fields including the energy industry, agriculture, cosmetic, water treatment and medicine.

As a fuel in the energy industry, he said that bio-charcoal burns 30 percent more efficiently and is 90 percent greener as almost no smoke is emitted during the burning process compared to the conventional charcoal currently available in the market.

As for agricultural usage, bio-charcoal has the ability to fertilise and neutralise soil, reducing 20 percent of fertilizer and water usage, as well as increasing growth of between 30 and 70 percent, depending on the types of plants.

According to Prof. Dr. Azni, bio-charcoal produced using the BMC system is aimed to be used as a fuel in the energy sector. It is targeted to be used in boiler systems in factories, food service industry such as catering, restaurants and hotels and the retailer sector for barbeque purposes.

The target consumers for the usage of bio-charcoal as a plant booster are the farming and the agricultural industries.

He said that BMC innovation can give an impact on the socio-economy and increase the income level and livelihood of those in the rural areas as they can sell and supply biomass materials such as empty fruit bunches of oil palm, bamboos, coconut shells, kenaf, wood chips and rice husks.

BMC innovation has won the golden award at the International Invention & Technology Exhibition (ITEX) 2018, nominated in the final category of Tech Planter Malaysia 2018 and in the semi-final of Global Cleantech Innovation Programme (GCIP) Malaysia 2016. –UPM

26 Nov 2015 , In this study, biochar production under self-sustained pyrolysis of oil palm biomass in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunch was tested in a 3-t , (2008) Utilization of oil palm as a source of renewable energy in Malaysia

aDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Treatment of PalmOil Mill Effluent (POME) after the anaerobic digestion process has been carried out using.

bunch Methane capture from the anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent was found to result in , In Malaysia oil palm plantations take up 143% of the total land area with an average and relatively , The production of 176 million tons of crude palm oil (CPO) and 21 million ton crude palm kernel oil , The CO2 savings from the three pyrolysis set-ups (optimal bio-char/bio-oil/gas) for the respective.

In this paper, a review about production and application potential of biochar from oil palm biomass in Malaysia is given , 6% and 23%, respectively, the total solid biomass generated from all palm oil mills (453) alone in Malaysia was 3605.

from palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced 7422 % of the total GHG emissions from palm oil based biodiesel production , primary life-cycle stages of palm oil production include the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), crude palm oil

11 Apr 2016 , The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus (UNMC) recently launched Centre of Sustainable Palm Oil Research (CESPOR), which , Located adjacent to Havys Oil Mill Sdn Bhd in Palong, Negeri Sembilan, the team at CESPOR comprises of researchers from the , technologies in converting palm-based biomass into biofertiliser, fibre mat, palm pellets, dried long fibre and biochar,.

Malaysia occupies a strategic position in palm oil production and export in the world , as bio-composite materials like the production of plywood/particle boards, fibre-mats, bio-char and activated carbon , The management of the palm oil mills effluent is one major area where the Malaysia palm oil industry is still lagging.

biochar were used in this study: empty fruit bunch biochar (EFB), wood biochar , In the oil palm sector, the palm oil milling process produces oil palm solid , Biochars are produced and used in Malaysia; however, few research studies have

Abstract Carbonization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biomass for the production of high mineral content biochar under an uncontrolled , Malaysia has 362 palm oil mills, processing 713 million tons of fresh fruit bunch per year and.

Studies about production of bio-char from oil palm biomass are still lacking in Malaysia , oil industry generates an abundance of oil palm biomass such as the Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), shell, frond, trunk and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Abstract Carbonization of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biomass for the production of high mineral content biochar under an uncontrolled , Malaysia has 362 palm oil mills, processing 713 million tons of fresh fruit bunch per year and.

and yield from palm oil mill effluent (POME) anaerobic batch and continuous fermentation systems by utilizing added oil palm biomass 2 To evaluate performance of biogas scrubbing system using mill treated river water and biochar.

Purpose Production of oil palm seedling in the nursery mainly utilises top soil as polybag medium These soils, especially in tropical regions, are acidic and have low organic matter content The aim.

bunches (EFB) and palm pressed fibres (PPF), palm shells and palm oil mill effluent palm (POME) However, the , Malaysian renewable energy sources is that the palm oil mill is self-sufficient in energy, using PPF, EFB and shell ,, biochar from EFP and also the first large-scale biochar production plant in the region They

Custodian of the well being of the Malaysia palm oil industry Research , Compost* MDF**, Plywood, Fibremats , bio-char and activated carbon etc , From the 434 palm oil mills operating at total capacity of 9492 million tonnes of FFB.

As the world’s second largest producer and exporter of palm oil, Malaysia’s palmoil industry leaves behind huge amounts of biomass waste from its plantation and milling activities such as empty fruit bunch, palm kernel shell (PKS), palm frond.

producers of palm oil and oil palm products may have a production capacity of CPO (crude , Charcoal and bio-char , produced and at the oil mill another 30-50 million ton of biomass (Table 1) Malaysia and Indonesia are by far the largest.

1 Dec 2016 ,Biochar – edited by Viktor J Bruckman November 2016 , Presently, the majority of biomass residues in Malaysia are generated by the palm oil industry The palmoil industry generates residues from its two main activities: plantation management and oil milling Major residues from the planting activiti

21 Sep 2015 , This study aims to prepare the bio-char from residues of palm oil mill sludge (POMS) after anaerobic digestion , Malaysia plays a major role in palm oil industry as world’s largest exporter of palm oil and second largest.

such as the Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), shell, frond, trunk and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) For 88 , Studies about production of bio-char from oil palm biomass are still lacking in Malaysia So, this study was aimed to: (i) determine the effect of.

Keywords: Microwave gasification, biochar, oil palm biomass, syngas, carbon conversion , In Malaysia about 50 million tons of palm oil mill effluents , Biochars that are used in this research are empty fruit bunch (EFB) and oil palm shell

3 Jul 2017 , Currently Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, beating Malaysia with CPO production of more than 23 million tonnes / year with the number of oilpalm mills reaching more than 600 Right now approximately.

Download Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology book pdf

9 August, 2018

Biochar Production Equipment for Sale – Biochar Making Machine

Granular Biochar Market research report is a respected source of information which offers a telescopic view of the current market status to both established and new players in the Granular Biochar industry for complete understanding of the market. Various key factors are discussed in the report, which will help the buyer in studying the Granular Biochar market trends and opportunities.

Both established and new players in the Granular Biochar industry can use this report for complete understanding of the market. The Granular Biochar market is a highly diligent research on competitive landscape analysis, prime manufacturers, marketing strategies analysis, Market Effect Factor Analysis and Consumer Needs by major regions (including United States, EU, Japan, China, India, Southeast Asia, types, applications in United States market considering the past, current and future state of the Granular Biochar industry.

This report studies on United States market, especially on United States, EU, Japan, China, India, Southeast Asia focuses on top manufacturers in United States market, with Production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

Several important areas are covered in this Granular Biochar market research report. Some key points among them: —

Topics such as sales and sales revenue overview, production market share by product type, capacity and production overview, import, export, and consumption are covered under the development trend section of the Granular Biochar market report.

Lastly, the feasibility analysis of new project investment is done in the report, which consist of a detailed SWOT analysis of the Granular Biochar market. Both established and new players in the Granular Biochar industry can use this report for complete understanding of the market.

EXAFS spectroscopy and static batch

9 August, 2018

A new environmentally friendly and low–cost adsorbent was produced from the camphor tree leaves (BC@CTL) and used to remove U(VI) from waste water via batch capture experiments under varying pH, time, and U(VI) concentration. The resultant biochar was characterized by SEM, BET, zeta-potentials, and FTIR spectroscopy. The capture process was strongly dependent on pH and independent of ionic strength. The capture experimental results indicated that U(VI) was quickly captured to BC@CTL with a maximum capture capacity of 0.41 mmol U(VI) g−1 obtained by Langmuir model fitting. The results of EXAFS analysis revealed that the interaction mechanism of U(VI) on the BC@CTL was primarily controlled by inner-sphere surface complexation. The investigation was meaningful for the “treating wastewater with wastes” strategy implementation, especially biochar can be regarded as a promising candidate for the pre-concentration and immobilization of radionuclides from aqueous solutions in environmental remediation.

Characterization and quantification of electron donating capacity and its structure dependence in …

10 August, 2018

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Quantification of the relationship between EDCs and phenolic groups and conjugate π-electron system were reported.

•

At low and intermediate temperatures, the EDCs were mainly attributed to the phenolic groups.

•

At high temperatures, the conjugated π-electron system associated with aromatic structure dominated the EDCs of biochar.

•

The results will help us to consider developing biochar with controlled redox properties for specific environmental applications.

Quantification of the relationship between EDCs and phenolic groups and conjugate π-electron system were reported.

At low and intermediate temperatures, the EDCs were mainly attributed to the phenolic groups.

At high temperatures, the conjugated π-electron system associated with aromatic structure dominated the EDCs of biochar.

The results will help us to consider developing biochar with controlled redox properties for specific environmental applications.

Biochar has shown a unique electrochemical property being involved in various redox reactions in soil and water. In this study, the electron donating capacities (EDCs) of biochar pyrolyzed at 200–800 °C from pine wood, barley grass and wheat straw were investigated by using the mediated electrochemical oxidation method. The EDC values for all biochar were in the range of 0.18–1.83 mmol e− (g biochar)−1, showing the increase as the temperature increased from 200 °C to 400 °C, the decrease from 400 °C to 650 °C, and then increase from 650 °C until to 800 °C. At low and intermediate temperatures of 200–650 °C, the EDCs were mainly attributed to the phenolic hydroxyl groups, while the conjugated π-electron system associated with aromatic structure dominated the EDCs of biochar at the high temperatures of over 650 °C. The barley grass- and wheat straw-derived biochar had higher EDCs than the pine wood-derived biochar, resulting from the higher phenolic hydroxyl groups in the former samples than the latter one. In conclusion, the reductive property of biochar was mainly attributed to both phenolic hydroxy group and conjugated π-electron system associated with aromatic structure, depending on the pyrolytic temperature and feedstock source. The results will help us to obtain a complete view on the role of biochar in biogeochemical redox reactions and consider developing biochar with controlled redox properties for specific environmental applications such as electron shuttle and catalyst material.

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The research report on Granular Biochar Market Mainly elaborates the Definition, Types, Applications and Major Players of Granular Biochar industry in details. Deep analysis about Market status (2013-2018), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry Development trends (2018-2023), Regional industrial layout characteristics and Macroeconomic policies, Industrial policy has also been included in this Granular Biochar Market Report. From raw materials to downstream buyers of Granular Biochar industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Granular Biochar Market.

On the basis on the end users/applications, Granular Biochar market report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each Application, including: Animal Husbandry,Soil Improvement,Environmental Protection,Energy Production,Industrial Applications

The report covers the top Granular Biochar manufacturing industry players from regions like Europe, North America, China, Japan, Southeast Asia. It also characterizes the market based on geological regions.

In the Biochar Fuel market study and forecast for 2018-2023, the market reached “XX USD” and is witnessed to latter increase between 2018-2023, as well as Biochar Fuel growth estimated boom at a hefty CAGR over the forecast period 2018-2023.

The global Biochar Fuel market report explores the market status and standpoint of the market across the world, from different prospects, like from the main manufacturers in Biochar Fuel industry, regions, various segmentation such as types of Biochar Fuel product and application. This Biochar Fuel market report lamps on the key driving forces, restraints, Biochar Fuel opportunities, threats and challenges in the competitive Biochar Fuel market.

It also provides rigorous Biochar Fuel study on the market spike, categorization, and revenue evaluation. The Biochar Fuel market report provides market position from the reader’s viewpoint, providing certain Biochar Fuel market statistics and business hunch. The worldwide Biochar Fuel market serves past and futuristic information about the Biochar Fuel industry. It also contains company profiles of every Biochar Fuel market player, scope, profit, Biochar Fuel product specification, cost, and so on.

Major market vendors comprise in the Worldwide Biochar Fuel Industry research report:

* What will be the worldwide and region-wise Biochar Fuel market volume and the futuristic possibilities analogous to the development of Biochar Fuel market during the forecast period 2018-2023?

* Who are the leading manufacturers/players/distributors of global Biochar Fuel market, together with the explanation of product, company profiles, Biochar Fuel market outline?

* What are the market situation and current trends in Biochar Fuel market by segmentation?

* What are the different driving factors associated with Biochar Fuel market growth, major challenges, and Biochar Fuel opportunities?

* What are the Biochar Fuel market dynamics, the scope of production, a study on the complete pricing of the top manufacturer?

* What are the key Biochar Fuel driving forces, for every segment by product type, application, and geographical regions?

Why should you purchase the Biochar Fuel market report?

The global Biochar Fuel market research report is a significant source for management, updated trends, various ways of tracking Biochar Fuel data and for guidance benefits. The Biochar Fuel market report will updated prominent firms as well as new rivals or small-scale Biochar Fuel industrialist to evaluate the volume of the market report that would guide the companies in catching better market position. Biochar Fuel companies prefer for this report can go for various of the Biochar Fuel business strategies included or even can make a collection of all beginning stages, such as market congestion, Biochar Fuel product extension/invention, market development, market expansion, and economic assessment for obtaining the superior Biochar Fuel market share.

Biochar Industry research report is a meticulous investigation of current scenario of the market, which covers several market dynamics. The Market Report also provides an analytical assessment of the prime challenges faced by Biochar Market currently and in the coming years, which helps Market participants in understanding the problems they may face while operating in this Market over a longer period of time.

* Forecast information related to the Biochar market size and growth, consumer base and emerging market segments are elaborated in-depth in this Biochar report. * Region-wise Biochar analysis will cover all the key factors related to revenue and Biochar market share of the leading industry players. and market share of the leading industry players. * Analysis of growth opportunities, challenges, and barriers to the market development are covered in this report. * An in-depth study of business profiles of the top Biochar players along with their revenue, consumer volume will help in planning business strategies. * Marketing strategies, emerging market segments and comprehensive analysis of Biochar will lead to market development.

Thus, Biochar Market report is essential to guide for all the market aspirants like traders, distributors, manufacturers, suppliers and emerging market sectors.

Global “Biochar Market” report is made by executing a superb research process to gather key information of this global Biochar market. The analysis is dependant on just two segments, especially, chief research and extensive secondary research. The preliminary study contains a realistic Biochar market inspection and segmentation of the industry. Additionally, it highlights essential players at the Biochar Market. On the flip side, the key research targets the transport station, place, and product category.

Biochar market research report highlights the increase in opportunities on the market which assist the consumer to organize upcoming expansions and improvements in the International Biochar market in an estimated place. All the warnings, statistics, as well as other data, are finely crafted and represented by the requirements.

Sub-segmentsSoil Conditioner and Fertilizerof the global Biochar market are a part of this report.

Geographically, this Biochar report is split into crucial positions, size, production, consumption, revenue (Mn/Bn USD), and also market share and increase pace of Biochar market in these regions, in 2018 by 2023, covering Europe, South America, Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific and North Americaas well as its share and also CAGR for its forecast interval.

The global Biochar industry share and size are now growing at a quick pace with the development in technical innovation, rivalry and M&A tasks in the business many regional and local vendors are offering special Biochar application services and products to get varied end-users. The new entrants from the Biochar market are finding it tough to compete with all the worldwide vendors based on reliability, quality, and inventions in engineering.

Read Biochar for Environmental Management

Global Biochar Market Report 2018 includes a total amalgamation of assessable trends and predicting analysis. This Biochar analysis offers an approach for a large number of clients. Employing accredited global Biochar market data resources together with various practices and tools to successfully get and study information, our accredited group of analysts, researchers, and advisors has obtained extra efforts in calling the global sector. The Biochar report suggests that the newest and also the very consistent statistics necessary for organizations in the global industry as a way to sustain in a competitive sector.

The report introduces the Biochar basics: definitions, categories, software and market review; product specifications; fabricating procedures; cost arrangements, development and so forth. Subsequently, it studied the international major Biochar industry market requirements, for example, merchandise price, profit, capacity, production, distribution, market and demand growth speed and prediction, etc. In the long run, the report introduced a new Biochar SWOT analysis, feasibility, and revenue investigation.

Biochar Report from Types, Application, along with Geography — International Forecast to 2023 is just indeed a skilled and comprehensive research study on the world’s major regional economy states, concentrating on the significant regions likeNorth America, Middle East and Africa, South America, Europe and Asia-Pacific and the top states like Germany, India, Colombia, Russia, Southeast Asia, Italy, Egypt, China, Canada, United States, France, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, South Africa, Korea, Brazil, Japan, UAE, Argentina, UK and Nigeria.

By application and country, the global Biochar report highlights the magnetism of top nations and segment together with the assistance of various tools.

The general study contains Biochar value chain analysis which provides comprehension of significant players from the distribution chain, especially which range from manufacturers to end-users. Moreover, the report supplies the Biochar international economic competition with the assistance of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis.

Fine Biochar Powder Market research report is a proven source of information which offers a telescopic view of the current market trends, situations, opportunities and status. Both established and new players in the Fine Biochar Powder industry can use this report for complete understanding of the market.

Various key factors are discussed in the report, which will help the buyer in studying the Fine Biochar Powder market on competitive landscape analysis of prime manufacturers, trends, opportunities, marketing strategies analysis, Market Effect Factor Analysis and Consumer Needs by major regions, types, applications in Global market considering the past, present and future state of the Fine Biochar Powder industry.

Topics such as sales and sales revenue overview, production market share by product type, capacity and production overview, import, export, and consumption are covered under the development trend section of the Fine Biochar Powder market report.

Lastly, the feasibility analysis of new project investment is done in the report, which consist of a detailed SWOT analysis of the Fine Biochar Powder market.

Ephrata may host manure-to-electricity power plant as part of Chesapeake Bay cleanup

12 August, 2018

A gasifier in Nebraska by Earthcare that would be similar to one proposed for Ephrata Borough.

Biochar made from burning manure.

A gasifier in Nebraska by Earthcare that would be similar to one proposed for Ephrata Borough.

Land next to a sewage-treatment plant in Ephrata Borough could become the home of a strategic manure-to-electricity plant to boost efforts to reduce farm-related runoff pollution into the Chesapeake Bay.

Borough Council is scheduled to vote Monday night on a nonbinding letter of interest to work out details of the project, which is being pushed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

EPA is already providing technical assistance to the borough for the project.

Borough officials said they were told the agency hopes the venture can be a model elsewhere in Pennsylvania and even other states with large waterway cleanups .

“The Ephrata gasification project provides a great example of achieving multiple benefits for the borough and the watershed,” said EPA spokesman David Sternberg.

Initially, it’s envisioned that poultry farmers in northern Lancaster County and southern Lebanon County would bring poultry litter to a gasification plant that would be built at the borough’s wastewater plant at 405 Reading Road (Route 272), across from the Ephrata Public Library.

Manure from cows and swine could also be considered.

The manure would be burned in a gasifier to produce electricity, some of which would be purchased by the borough at a savings.

The plant could cost $6 million to $8 million, according to Earthcare, formerly called Coaltec Energy, the Indiana-based company that would build and operate it.

The mulch-looking end product, a fertilizer called biochar, could be sold to the public as a garden supplement. EPA has been in discussions with Walmart officials to sell the product at local stores.

Biochar is promoted as an all-natural, nutrient-rich boost to soil quality that eliminates the need for chemical fertilizers. Also, biochar proponents claim remaining nutrients are locked into the product and resist runoff if placed on fields.

Michael McGolden, Earthcare president, said the high-heat process and biofilters mean there would be no malodors off the property.

“We will not contribute to the existing odors. Hopefully, we will make it better outside,” he said.

Biochar made from burning manure.

Earthcare would build, own and operate the plant.

EPA sought out the borough as a desirable site as it looks for new ways to stem the flow of nutrients — especially from agriculture — flowing off fields and into streams that eventually reach the Chesapeake Bay.

Making the manure a power source would keep excess manure off of fields, where runoff can occur.

Lancaster County is the largest source of nutrient runoff in Pennsylvania, which is way behind in its commitment to reduce the pollutants.

Too much phosphorus and nitrogen in the bay causes algae blooms that use up oxygen needed for fish, grasses and other living things.

“It has value for the environment and the borough. It just looks like a win-win for everybody,” Tom Natarian, Ephrata’s director of operations, said of the proposal.

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Added state Rep. David Zimmerman of East Earl, who has been involved in the project, “I think there’s tremendous benefit here.

“In this county, we do have more manure than we can manage, so this would be one way to utilize some of that while getting it out of the fields.

“These are the kinds of things that our state and federal governments should get involved in.”

Ephrata officials appear to have embraced the project as a complement to other “green” initiatives such as the nearly complete solar farm at its other wastewater plant in Ephrata Township, the Lititz-Ephrata Rail Trail and a restoration project on Cocalico Creek.

Still to be determined is whether local poultry farmers will be paid anything for their manure.

Even if they are not paid, some local farmers are already having to find places to take excess manure and this could be a more convenient alternative.

The biochar process is a fairly new but growing alternative to anaerobic digesters found on some Lancaster County farms.

Unlike digesters, the dry process of gasification does not require adding water to the manure that then has to be controlled, backers say.

There is currently only one other manure gasification plant in Pennsylvania. It is near Gettysburg and is owned by EnergyWorks.

McGolden would like to see the Ephrata plant operate 24 hours a day and said efforts would be made to keep stockpiles of poultry litter on the property at a minimum.

To run continuously, the plant would need about 50 tons of manure a day, McGolden said.

The low electronic conductivity of sulfur and the high solubility of polysulfide seriously hindered the practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Therefore, the incorporation of sulfur and carbon-based materials is considered as a suitable solution. Here, porous pomelo biochar/graphene composite (PBG) was prepared via a simple and green method combining hydrothermal carbonization and KOH activation. The obtained material was used as a host to encapsulate sulfur for the cathode of Li-S batteries, and the three-dimensional pore structure with enhanced conductivity is beneficial to the utilization of sulfur and absorption of soluble polysulfide. As a result, the PBG-S composite (63.3 wt% sulfur) delivered an initial discharge capacity of 1053 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C=1675 mA g−1) and retained 418 mAh g−1 at 3 C, even with a high sulfur loading of 4.0 mg cm−2. In addition, the performance of the composite was further improved by reducing the content of sulfur to a proper ratio in PBG-S composite. The optimized PBG-S composite (48.6 wt% sulfur) exhibits high initial discharge capacity of 1368 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and retained 638 mAh g−1 and 3 C, and the discharge capacity remained as high as 664 mAh g−1 and 354 mAh g−1 even after 200th and 600th at 1 C, respectively. The results indicated that PBG, with excellent electrochemical properties, is an ideal electrode material for lithium-sulfur batteries, which can also be prepared economically for industrialization.

The article was received on 11 Jul 2018, accepted on 05 Aug 2018 and first published on 10 Aug 2018

The Demand for Biochar Market Industry is anticipated to be high for the next six years. By considering this demand, we provide latest Global Biochar Market Report which gives complete industry analysis, size, growth, market outlook, and forecast till 2023. This report will assist in analyzing the current and future business trends, revenue and sales forecasts.

Global Biochar Market analysis of the Industry drivers and restraints, key trends from the supply and demand side, which are operating the Global Biochar Market. Global Biochar Market is valued at USD XX million in 2018 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2023, growing at a CAGR of XX%.

The exploration, for the most part, covers Global Biochar Market in Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa), North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Biochar Europe industry (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (Southeast Asia, China, Korea, India and Japan), Biochar South America industry (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia). The Biochar report likewise performs SWOT (Opportunities, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Threats) with XX CAGR esteems, and XX USD of past(2013-2017) and Biochar forecast(2018-2023) supported the development and economic scenario following with the live of Global Biochar Market.

The Global Biochar Market trends and opportunities are also taken into consideration in Biochar Market industry report focus on the following section is to analyze the Biochar industry by adoption among various segments; the primary product types covered under the scope of the report.

The Global Biochar Market is further segmented in terms of applications, end-user, end-use, geographic presence, by-products as well as services. In addition, the situation depends on specialists evaluating the enterprise provide an all-inclusive category-specific enterprise outlook. A comprehensive collection of facts on fundamental organizations occupying a robust foothold within the industry provides immense value to the overall research.

The assessment of the winning strategies followed by these companies can help business owners not only strategize but also execute business operations by referring to the statistics about competitor analysis. Careful assessment of the industry analysis across different regions along with vital information on the market size, share and growth rate makes this report a wonderful resource for business evangelists.

This study discusses the key regional trends contributing to the growth of the Global Biochar Market on the international basis, as well as analyses the degree at which global drivers are influencing Global Biochar Market in each region.

What You Must Know When Searching For A Biochar Production Equipment For Sale

To create biochar, you have got to invest in a device that can convert various kinds of material into biochar. This is called a biomass pyrolysis pilot plant, and they are available in a variety of sizes. If you have a large amount of plastic, rubber, as well as organic material, it is easy to convert this into this excellent form of charcoal. It happens to be the solid byproduct with this process through which these materials are separated into individual components, a few of which is likewise liquid biofuels. And this is what you need to know should you be looking for the biochar production plant, or just the gear essential to process a tiny amount of these materials.

The Way To Assess The Price Of These Appliances

There is a number of strategies which can be used to first find these products. It is possible to check out websites where they are selling pyrolysis machines. In case they have those, it is likely that they have various sizes. You can then choose between all that they have in stock. After that you can help make your payments and have it shipped out straight away. Most of these companies can be found in China. In fact, in order to obtain the best deal possible, this is amongst the top places you should search. International classifieds will list many of the best firms that offer them. After you have a few picked, you will certainly be prepared to make the choice depending on the specifications and also the company you are getting them from.

How To Get A Good Deal About Them

The best deals have a tendency to are derived from firms that are exceptional. As an example, they are going to be maybe a couple decades old. They will likely have affordable prices and ideal reviews on all of the machines which they sell. After evaluating them based upon these parameters, it must be very easy to also locate one that offers a fantastic deal. Even though prices are only a few thousand dollars less, yet still money that you will save. If you can spare the time, begin looking as soon as you can for these particular pyrolysis plant firms that will have one which will help your enterprise create just as much biochar as you need for your personal business.

What If You Wish To Sell The Biochar?

The biochar can be sold easily. This can be a merchandise that is in demand all over the world. They can be used barbecues, cooking, or just for heating. They have many uses and when you can produce an adequate amount of it, there will be a large amount of profit. Several of the companies which will provide you with these deals are also selling you high quality pyrolysis reactors. They are large enough to accommodate a lot of materials that can be converted into the biochar within hours. This will allow you to quickly pay back the device that you are buying, and as a lot of this as possible produce can be sold.

Trying to find charcoal equipment is an extremely simple process. By searching online for international companies, you will probably find several which can be exceptional. The prices which they charge will be either listed, or you might have to contact every person company for a quote. The firms that offer the best prices are the types that you will want to buy from, as long as they have a great reputation. If your goal would be to sell biochar, use the techniques to easily discover companies that sell the very best ones.

STRUBIAS TWG: Technical working group for the development of possible process and product criteria for sturvite, biochar and ash based products for use in fertilisng products. The Commission services have selected 31 members and 2 observers for STRUBIAS expert group on recovery rules for fertilising products. Terra Humana Ltd. has been selected as a Member of the STUBIAS expert group. The full list of members is available on: http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/newsroom/cf/itemdetail.cfm?it… The STRUBIAS…

Bio4Energy researchers have won funds for carrying out scientific studies on reducing soot formation in biomass gasification for making biofuels, as well as two projects on water purification in developing countries. The prestigious Swedish Research Council (VR) announced a number of decisions on research funding this week, with the grants to Bio4Energy`s researchers corresponding to the `Natural and Engineering Sciences` and `Development Research` categories. Bio4Energy PIs Kentaro Umeki, Stina Jansson and…

TDP-2-200 is the solution for critical waste management in oil and gas industry. It processes drilling waste and oil sludge and converts them into valuable substances: boiler fuel, gas and high quality biochar. The final products of pyrolysis process are not only excellent substitute for fossil fuels but as commodity yielding significant value in green applications.

ZeroPoint Clean Tech, Inc. (ZeroPoint) today announced that its second biomass gasification deployment is producing carbon negative heat and power. The second site to achieve successful grid connection is in Newry, Ireland. The first site is operational in Germany. ZeroPoint`s carbon negative process utilizes biomass to create renewable gas and yields biochar as a co-product. Biochar is a highly stable form of sequestered carbon with multiple uses in agriculture and industry. Renewable gas from the ZeroPoint…

Cleantech Transit Inc. (“Cleantech or the Company”) (OTCBB: CLNO) is pleased to announce that a byproduct known as Biochar, which results from the gasification process at the 500 KW Merced County plant, has been produced without any additional processing at the power plant. Biochar is a fine-grained charcoal made by pyrolysis. Pyrolysis means heating biomass (wood, manure, crop residues, solid waste, etc.) with limited to no oxygen in a specially designed furnace that captures all emissions, gasses and oils for…

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Biochar Market Research Report covers the existing situation and the progress predictions of the Biochar Industry for 2018-2023. Biochar Market, has been prepared based on detailed market analysis with inputs from industry experts.

Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment. Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.

Global Biochar market report provides vital data associated to the complete market shares, growth rate, revenue, challenges, opportunities prediction over a five-year period, from 2018 to 2023. In this Biochar market report, the analysts have presented important statistics which tells to the production and consumption forecast for the key areas that the Biochar market is considered into, production forecast by type, and consumption forecast by the application.

Biochar market shares of positive growth as investors cheered its financial results for the last some years. The companyrsquo;s profit for the last some years more than doubled and expertrsquo;s analysis shows the Biochar market will continue with more profit than this for 2018-2023.

Additionally, Biochar market report is examined for price, cost and gross revenue. These three points are analyzed for types, companies, and regions. In continuation with this information sale price for various types, applications and region are also included. The Biochar Industry consumption for major regions is given. Furthermore, type wise and application wise consumption figures are also given in Biochar market report.

The main objective of this study is to define, describe, and forecast the Granular Biochar market based on type, end-use industry, and region. In this report, the Granular Biochar market has been studied in North America, Europe, APAC, the Middle East & Africa, and South America. The report includes detailed information about the major factors such as drivers, opportunities, restraints, and challenges influencing the growth of the ion exchange resins market across the globe. The report strategically analyzes market segments with respect to individual growth trends, growth prospects, and contribution to the overall Granular Biochar market.

The report could be customized according to the clients specific research requirements. No additional cost will be required to pay for limited additional research.

Each major players companies overview, revenue and financial analysis, revenue split by business segment and by geography, recent news are covered in the report. Competitors regional analysis is done where as high, low and medium penetrating regions are analyzed.

To determine and forecast the customer engagement solutions market based on component, deployment type, organization size, vertical, and region from 2018 to 2025, and analyse various macro- and microeconomic factors that affect market growth

To forecast the size of market segments with respect to 5 main regions, namely, North America, Europe, Asia Pacific (APAC), the Middle East & Africa (MEA), and Latin America

To provide detailed information regarding major factors such as drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges influencing the growth of the market

To strategically analyse each submarket with respect to individual growth trends, prospects, and contribution to the market

To analyse opportunities for stakeholders by identifying high-growth segments of the market

To profile key market players and provide comparative analysis based on business overviews, product offerings, regional presence, business strategies, and key financials with the help of in-house statistical tools to understand the competitive landscape

The research methodology used to estimate and forecast the size of the market began with obtaining data on key vendor revenues through secondary sources, such as annual reports, white papers, certified publications, and databases, such as Factiva and Hoovers, press releases, and investor presentations of customer engagement solutions vendors, as well as articles from recognized industry associations, statistics bureaus, and government publishing sources. Vendor offerings were taken into consideration to determine the market segmentation. The bottom-up procedure was used to arrive at the overall size of the customer engagement solutions market by estimating revenues of key market players. After arriving at the overall market size, the total market was split into several segments and subsegments, which were verified through primary research by conducting extensive interviews with key individuals, such as Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Vice Presidents (VPs), directors, and executives. Data triangulation and market breakdown procedures were employed to complete the overall market engineering process and arrive at the exact statistics for all segments and subsegments.

This study estimates the size of the organic pigments market for 2018 and projects its growth by 2023. It provides a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the organic pigments market. Secondary sources such as D&B Hoovers, Bloomberg Business Week, and Factiva were used to identify and collect information useful for this extensive, commercial study of the organic pigments market. Primary sources such as experts from related industries and suppliers of organic pigments were interviewed to obtain and verify critical information and assess prospects of the organic pigments market.

About Us:�� MarketInsightsReports�provides syndicated Market research reports to industries, organizations or even individuals with an aim of helping them in their decision making process.�MarketInsightsReports�has a targeted view to provide business insights and consulting to assist its clients to make strategic business decisions and achieve sustainable growth in their respective market domain.

The Biochar market overview, which is the beginning of the report, consists of various factors such as definitions, applications, and classifications of the Biochar.

Biochar Market report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure, and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Biochar by product, region and application, in addition, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and companyprofile, besides, marketpriceanalysis and value chain features are covered in this report.

Deep analysis about market status (2013-2018), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise Products, industry development trends (2018-2023), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also been included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analysed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Biochar market.

* Forecast information related to the Biochar market size and growth, consumer base and emerging market segments are elaborated in-depth in this Biochar report.* Region-wise Biochar analysis will cover all the key factors related to revenue and Biochar market share of the leading industry players. and market share of the leading industry players.* Analysis of growth opportunities, challenges, and barriers to the market development are covered in this report.* An in-depth study of business profiles of the top Biochar players along with their revenue, consumer volume will help in planning business strategies.* Marketing strategies, emerging market segments and comprehensive analysis of Biochar will lead to market development.

Thus, Biochar Market report is essential to guide for all the market aspirants like traders, distributors, manufacturers, suppliers and emerging market sectors.

In this research report readers can expect answers to various important questions pertaining to the development and challenges of the Biochar market, few of which are given below-

Besides, the market study affirms the leading players across the globe in the Biochar market. Their key marketing dispositions and advertising enterprise have been highlighted to offer a clear understanding of the Biochar market.

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With the slowdown in world economic growth, the Biochar industry has also suffered a certain impact, but still maintained a relatively optimistic growth, the past four years, Biochar market size to maintain the average annual growth rate of 16.11% from 230 million $ in 2013 to 360 million $ in 2016, Industry analysts believe that in the next few years, Biochar market size will be further expanded, we expect that by 2021 , The market size of the Biochar will reach 590 million $

Biochar market report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including market size, volume and value, as well as price data. The Region Coverage as per bellow:

In the end, the Biochar Market report includes investment come analysis, and development trend analysis. The key rising opportunities of the fastest growing international Biochar industry segments are coated throughout this report. This report additionally presents product specification, producing method, and products cost structure. Production is separated by regions, technology and applications. In conclusion, it is a deep research report on Global Biochar market. If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Biochar is one of the most promising candidates of the cost-effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment. Herein, a novel hierarchical porous activated biochar derived from Enteromorpha prolifera (EPAC) was synthesized via an oily sludge-assisted “one-step” carbonization and activation approach. The results proved that the oily sludge additive acts as a natural structure directing agent during the EPAC preparation. The resultant EPAC possesses favorable properties such as high surface area and hierarchical pore distribution, which bring about its outstanding adsorption capability (910 mg g−1) for Methylene Blue dyes from wastewater. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and the effect of pH and the background ionic species on the adsorption process were investigated. The adsorption data could be well illustrated by Langmuir models and pseudo-second-order models. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The adsorption process was influenced by the solution pH and background ionic species because of the competitive adsorption. Moreover, the regeneration analysis demonstrates a presentable recyclability of the EPAC. In view of its good adsorption performance, the EPAC prepared in this study has the potential of treating dye wastewater in practical applications.

The article was received on 08 Jun 2018, accepted on 03 Aug 2018 and first published on 16 Aug 2018

Information about reproducing material from RSC articles with different licences is available on our Permission Requests page.

Fe immobilized on modified biochar for removal of carbon tetrachloride

17 August, 2018

Air-breathing bio-cathodes based on electro-active biochar from pyrolysis of Giant Cane stalks

17 August, 2018

An innovative low-tech solution to fabricate electro-active biochar (e-biochar) electrodes for bio-electrochemical systems (BES) is proposed. Ligno-cellulosic stalks of Giant Cane (Arundo Donax L.) were subjected to pyrolysis treatment at 900 °C for 1 h. The material kept its original hollow cylindrical shape, rigid morphology and porous texture, as confirmed by 3DX-ray micro-computed tomography. These characteristics are suitable for its use at the air-water interface in BES, as air-breathing bio-cathodes. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) specific surface area was equal to 114 ± 4 m2 g−1, with more than 95% of pores in the microporosity range (pore diameter < 1 nm). Surface electrocatalytic activity was sufficient to sustain oxygen reduction reaction at pH 7, in terms of both onset potential (−0.02 V vs Ag/AgCl) and reduction limiting current density (1 A m−2). Electrical resistivity measurements confirmed sufficient conductivity (8.9 × 10−3 ± 1 × 10−4 Ω m) of the material and Raman spectroscopy allowed to estimate a graphitization degree in relation to the ID/IG, equal to 2.26. In parallel, the e-biochar were tested as air-exposed bio-cathodes in BES, coupled to carbon cloth bio-anodes. After inoculation with wastewater from swine-farming, current densities were generated in the range of 100–150 mA m−2, along more than 2 months of operation, under sodium acetate feeding. Confocal laser scanning imaging revealed consistent biofilm formation on the water-side surface of the cathodes, while a nearly-complete absence of it at the air-side.

These e-biochar electrodes might open innovative perspectives to scale-up BES for different applications. Here, consistent salts depositions on the material after 70 days of exposure to the wastewater, suggest that e-biochar biocathodes might serve to recycle nutrients to agricultural soils, through minerals-enriched biochar.

Geographically the leading manufacturers, exporters, and retailers(if applicable) around the world are analyzed for this research report. Below are the business entities covered in the report: Biogrow Limited Anulekh GreenBack Global Harvest Organics LLC Pacific Biochar American BioChar Pyrotech Energy AIRTERRA MBD Industries Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering North America Europe China Japan Southeast Asia India Other Regions (India, Southeast Asia, Central & South America and Middle East & Africa)

We can also provide the customized separate regional or country-level reports, for the following regions: North America United States Canada Mexico Asia-Pacific China India Japan South Korea Australia Indonesia Singapore Rest of Asia-Pacific Europe Germany France UK Italy Spain Russia Rest of Europe Central & South America Brazil Argentina Rest of South America Middle East & Africa Saudi Arabia Turkey Rest of Middle East & Africa

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into Organic Fertilizer Inorganic Fertilizer Compound Fertilizer On the basis of the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application, including Cereals Oil Crops Fruits and Vegetables Others

The key objectives covered in this report are: To analyze and study the global Biochar Fertilizer capacity, production, value, consumption, status (2013-2017) and forecast (2018-2025); Focuses on the key Biochar Fertilizer manufacturers, to study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in future. Focuses on the global key manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the market competition landscape, SWOT analysis. To define, describe and forecast the market by type, application and region. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks. To identify significant trends and factors driving or inhibiting the market growth. To analyze the opportunities in the market for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments. To strategically analyze each submarket with respect to individual growth trend and their contribution to the market To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Biochar Fertilizer are as follows:History Year: 2013-2017 Base Year: 2017 Estimated Year: 2018Forecast Year 2018 to 2025

For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2017 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

TBI partners exclusively with global publishers to provide clients single-point access to top-notch market research.TBI’s repository is updated every day to assist clients to be the first in identifying the next trend by enabling access to competitive intelligence, product, and service trends.

It turns out that the current way of life full of stress, lack of physical exercise, high-levels of tech engagement are taking a toll on night sleep leading to high …

BiocharFX receives CFIA approval for sale in Canada

20 August, 2018

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Biochar

21 August, 2018

Latest post from MARKSVEGPLOT — a blog about food and gardening in England”

Biochar is a is a potent soil improver made with eco-friendly charcoal. It is designed to improve soil fertility and water retention – and so boost plant health and crop yields. It looks very much like garden compost…

Digging biochar into the soil is actually an ancient practice. It was first used in settlements on the banks of the river Amazon, deep within the rainforest. Surprisingly, the soils of tropical forests are extremely poor – acidic and low in minerals and nutrients. When they took up farming, the indigenous people got round this problem by engineering extremely potent soils using charcoal. These human-made super soils, known as Terra Preta, still cover up to 10% of the Amazon basin today. Scientists have dated them back at least 2,500 years – some even as far back as 6,000 years.

I have been sent a sample of a biochar product that is shortly (1 Sept 18) to be launched onto the market by an organisation called Sacred Earth, or to give it its full name, the Sacred Earth Community Benefit Society. Based in Horam, East Sussex, this is an environmental organisation that connects people with nature. Specialising in experiential learning, it runs courses and events designed to help people establish better relationships with themselves, each other and the natural world on its 40-acre, off-grid site. It also rents out land to entrant biodynamic farmers at affordable rates, offering them infrastructure and support. As a Community Benefit Society (CBS), all profits made are returned to the community organisation, rather than being distributed among members or external shareholders.

According to Sacred Earth “The structure of biochar makes it the perfect home for the beneficial mycorrhizal fungi and friendly bacteria that are essential to healthy soil. Made by burning sustainable plant and wood waste at low temperatures, in the absence of oxygen, biochar is more porous and absorbent than common charcoal. Its surface is pitted with minuscule nooks and crannies, in which beneficial micro-organisms and fungi can flourish. When a healthy microbial ecosystem is established, a plant’s root mass will become larger, which in turn allows the plant to take up more water and nutrients.” If you want to know more about the product and its production process, have a look HERE.

Sacred Earth have kindly sent me a 1kg sample of the product, despatched (in accordance with their principles) in a compostable bag contained within a recyclable cardboard box.

When the product goes on sale in September it will be supplied only in 3kg paper sacks, again with a compostable liner. The price for 3kgs will be £9.99.

Biochar can be applied directly to the soil, or mixed in with compost and then dug in. If using the former method the recommended ‘dosage’ is approximately 1kg per square metre, if your soil isn’t good and a little less if it’s not too bad. If you want to add it to established plants, Sacred Earth suggest incorporating a good few handfuls around the roots. You’ll need at least 1kg for a small tree. If you decide to add it to compost first, they recommend one part Biochar Soil Booster to nine parts compost. I’m planning to apply my sample directly to the smallest of my raised beds.

It will be interesting to see what results it produces, but I’m very conscious that the product comes with a warning not to expect instant results: “Please note: the revival or establishment of microbial ecosystems can take time, depending on the current health and makeup of your soil. Please be patient. Sacred Earth’s Biochar Soil Booster is designed to improve the long-term health of your garden soil. You might not see its benefits the first season, but it will greatly improve your soil’s function over time.”

There is one other important fact to note. Sacred Earth suggest that you use your Biochar Soil Booster as soon as you receive it, because it’s a live product, bursting with the fungi and beneficial bacteria essential to soil health. They say that “due to the product’s dampness and living vibrancy, it really should be used within two weeks of purchase – to avoid it decomposing its own packaging.” That’s not much of a Shelf Life, is it?? It will take a lot to persuade me that this stuff is superior to my own 1-year-aged Garden Compost!

Broads trial aims to turn natural waste into useful charcoal

The Broads Authority is seeking landowners, contractors, conservation organisations and volunteer groups to try turning their unwanted natural material such as forestry or fen waste into useful charcoal in a transportable kiln.

If there is sufficient interest in the project, the authority says it will purchase the equipment and potentially begin trials with the interested parties in May 2019.

The kiln, known as a carbon composter, burns biomass in reduced-oxygen conditions to create two products – charcoal for cooking or heating and fine biochar which improves soils.

It is hoped that groups and individuals working in the Broads will get involved with the European-funded pilot scheme and give feedback on the results.

Andrea Kelly, senior ecologist to the Broads Authority, said: “This initiative is aimed at managing our landscapes and growing small rural enterprise around the Broads National Park.

“The addition of biochar to soil is positive for growers. Biochar increases crop yield and improves water retention and produces a more fertile soil PH.

“It also helps to suppress greenhouse gases, decreasing the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. We really hope that landowners and organisations alike will be willing to get involved with our research and will hopefully come away with an additional income source as a result of recycling their waste products.”

The Broads Authority will provide free training in how to use the kiln, and support will be provided for marketing and retailing the resulting charcoal and char products. All profits from these sales will be returned to the parties involved, minus a 20pc hiring fee for the use of the kiln.

The initiative is led by the Broads Authority as part of its role as lead partner of CANAPE (Creating A New Approach to Peatland Ecosystems), a match-funded project which has secured more than 500,000 euros from the European Regional Development Fund to research new ways of managing peatland ecosystems for the benefit of the environment.

• For more information or to register interest in the trial, contact Andrea Kelly on andrea.kelly@broads-authority.gov.uk or 01603 756015, or biochar project member Abigail Alford on abigail.alford@broads-authority.gov.uk or 01603 756082.

Views:4194|Rating:4.61|View Time:2:27Minutes|Likes:35|Dislikes:3alright hey guys sorry it's been a while um last round went okay with the no-till I tried them in the 10 gallon containers I really like the results I don't necessarily like to talk yield so and whatnot but we did okay the yields were low we switched to these four by eight beds we've got a biochar enriched water only mix from keep it simple farms up here in Washington we got Ken's original granddaddy purple I was able to track down a kind of a black licorice phenotype that I gave away a year ago and finally got it back and we're gonna run this before running some clown shoes and whatnot but in grease monkey I'm really happy we got the barley straw down we're gonna be running eight kavita's 36,000 BTU mini split it's gonna be fed by blue mats I got to get the the tubing in so like I said really really happy with the no-till results and especially in four by eight beds we just they just do really well we get really nice root development the plants are really healthy and happy in this mix oh these got transplanted in here about a week ago just a little over a week ago and there's absolutely no transplant stress things are looking really really well happy to say things have been pinched and running my vapor pressure deficit I'm paying attention to my vapor pressure deficit this time excuse me and keeping my humidity levels a little higher trying to see if that'll help but I think I've since I got this through this three-ton mini split it keeps he was getting the air very very very dry 30 percent humidity and my vapor pressure deficit was off the charts and it could result in some stunted growth which could have been why was vegging was taking so long last so I'm paying close attention to my VPD this cycle and and charting growth and hoping to see a difference and I'll keep you all posted on the progress alright guys peace

Were did you get your 4×8 beds how deep are they

ABOUT A WEEK AGO

Hello JS, did you purchase the Bio-char mix or mix it up yourself? I am assuming you mixed it being your were running SS. If mixed, could you share the recipe? Thanks for your time and vids brother.

When you start vegging your clones under Gavitas it runs at 100%? Thanks

You should look into building SIP beds, they go great with the no till system.

Awesome set up. Ive been thinking about doing 4×8 beds as well. Have you put any thought into alternating HPS/LED lights in a checkerboard type sequence? Ive been doing a lot of research and it appears that by doing so you'll get the benefit of the hps intensity along with the broader spectrum of light from the led.

Biochar Market report provides key statistics on the market status of the Biochar Manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the Biochar Industry.

In the end, the Biochar Market report makes some important proposals for a new project of Biochar Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2023 Global and Chinese Biochar Industry covering all important parameters.

The Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide provided both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.

•

The adsorption capacity of biochar for Cr(VI) was clearly improved after modification.

•

The adsorption was better described by Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model.

•

The regeneration efficiency of modified biochar was 54% after three cycles.

The biochar was modified by Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide.

The Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide provided both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.

The adsorption capacity of biochar for Cr(VI) was clearly improved after modification.

The adsorption was better described by Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model.

The regeneration efficiency of modified biochar was 54% after three cycles.

To efficiently remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution, the cationic surfactant Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) was used to modify the Auricularia auricula dreg biochar (AADB), and the adsorption characteristics and mechanism of modified AADB (MAADB) were investigated as compared with those of AADB. The analyses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other physiochemical methods demonstrated that the cationic surfactant modification enhanced the adsorption capacity of biochar for Cr(VI) by providing hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, such as hydroxide, phosphate, carbonate and carboxyl. According to the single factor experiments, the appropriate adsorption of Cr(VI) onto MAADB occurred at adsorbent dosage of 3 g/L, pH 2.0, Cr(VI) initial concentration of 20 mg/L, 25 °C, contact time of 120 min. CTAB modification improved the adsorption rate and quantity for Cr(VI) by 6.4% and 8.0%, respectively. The adsorption process was well described by the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second order equation. After three biosorption-desorption cycles, the final regeneration efficiency of MAADB was 54%.

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Manure Biochar Creates a Revenue Opportunity

Intervals of clouds and sunshine in the morning with more clouds for later in the day. High around 80F. Winds SSE at 5 to 10 mph..

Partly cloudy. Low 61F. Winds light and variable.

Biochar, or soil-applied charcoal, can be made from a variety of carbon-based materials such as sugarcane fiber, shown here, or more commonly, wood.

Biochar, or soil-applied charcoal, can be made from a variety of carbon-based materials such as sugarcane fiber, shown here, or more commonly, wood.

WILMINGTON, Del. — Biochar, a form of highly absorbent charcoal that has many ag and industrial uses, can be made from all kinds of carbon-based material.

Wood, often. Sugarcane fiber, if you’ve got it.

Manure, if you’re on the cutting edge.

Yes, animal waste burned using a special process can make farms more productive and friendlier to the environment.

“There is a wealth of opportunity to not only make environmental improvements but generate jobs and generate revenues for farmers,” said Mike McGolden, CEO of Coaltec Energy.

McGolden was part of a panel discussion at the Biochar 2018 conference on Aug. 22 at the Chase Center on the Riverfront in Delaware.

McGolden has, for starters, applied manure char to fields to increase crop yields. He’s worked with plain biochar and an enhanced formulated product his company developed.

Biochar increases soil’s ability to store water and nutrients.

Applying the black stuff to fields is perhaps the most obvious use of farm biochar, but it’s also the hardest sell. A farmer often needs two or three years to judge if there’s a return on investment, McGolden said.

Pennsylvania state Rep. David Zimmerman, R-East Earl, is excited about a proposed manure-to-energy biochar plant in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania’s top animal ag county.

“Our Lancaster County farmers are going to need to find something else to do with that (manure) because they cannot continue to put it and pile it on the farm fields like they have for years and years,” he said.

The plant would reduce that amount of land-applied manure that could run off and cause nutrient pollution in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Land-applied biochar could also enhance stormwater management projects by increasing their water-holding capacity and removing more nutrients, said Jennifer Egan, principal scientist at the Skelly and Loy consulting firm.

Building government agencies’ appreciation for biochar, however, will likely take public-private partnerships, said Dominique Lueckenhoff of the Environmental Protection Agency.

Including the private sector in a project can increase efficiency and help ensure the plan will work in the real world, she said.

Government entities are risk averse, so when introducing a new tool like biochar, it’s best to start with a large-scale demonstration project.

EPA and state regulators have to work together on the project and make sure the local permits get expedited. “You’ve really got to set them up to win,” Lueckenhoff said.

Once the concept has been proven, other agencies become more willing to try the new practices themselves, she said.

August 25, 2018

Take a look at what we have to offer in Lancaster Farming: crop research, market reports, business trends, scientific innovation and more.

Riverbend Park's soccer fields green for first time since Oroville Dam crisis

25 August, 2018

OROVILLE — The soccer fields at Riverbend Park are finally green again, a major step toward restoring the park since it flooded during the Oroville Dam crisis in February 2017.

Crews began laying sod earlier this week and are expected to wrap up next week, said Shawn Rohrbacker, project manager for Melton Design Group.

The park will have more eco-friendly features this time around, including drought-tolerant plants and biochar, a type of soil amendment. The biochar is called Oyster X SmartSink and it’s made from pine trees killed by bark beetles.

Previously, Greg Melton of Melton Design Group said that a 30 percent reduction in water use and a 70 percent savings in maintenance costs were expected because of the biochar alone.

He said these would be the first soccer fields in the nation with the material. A special irrigation system is also being installed, which allows water to penetrate the soil quickly. Melton said that means water savings and that it’s better for the turf material.

The system also has sensors and releases water automatically as needed, based on the soil moisture.

After a delay, Melton said the fields should be ready to play on by Oct. 1 and that phase one at the park should be finished by the end of November. At that point, the park should reopen. During phase two, which should start in spring, small sections of the park will be closed off for restoration.

The repairs at Riverbend Park have been estimated to cost more than $10 million, which should be covered by insurance.

Biochar Market provides detailed Overview along with in-depth analysis of industry’s gross margin, cost structure, consumption value, and sale price. The leading companies of the Biochar Market, manufacturers, and distributors are profiled in the report along with the latest Industry development current and future trends. Biochar Industry has been segmented based on product type, application and geography.

Besides estimating the Biochar market potential, analyzes on who can be the market leaders and what partnerships would help them to capture the market share. The report gives an overview about the dynamics of the market, by discussing various aspects such as drivers, restraints, Porter’s 5 forces, value chain, customer acceptance and investment scenario

It likewise indicates a complete research of Global Biochar market competitive panorama, marketplace drivers, demanding situations, key upgrades, propensities, destiny regulations, strategies and well worth chain. From that point record offers a specific synopsis of different development openings, innovative enterprise strategies, product scope, advertise degree, improvement estimations, marketplace income, current and up and coming change developers. Moreover, Biochar file offers a point by using point profile of market gamers which might be depended on upon to live dynamic among the belief. Investigation Process consists of a business enterprise profile and financial execution, overdue advancements, innovation offerings, product diagram and enterprise tentative arrangements.

Lastly, in this Biochar Market analysis, traders and distributors analysis is given along with contact details. For material and equipment suppliers also, contact details are given. New investment feasibility analysis is included in the report.

The report offers answers to several important questions related to the growth of the Biochar market. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed, and overall research conclusions are offered.

Biochar Market report offers Biochar market investment valuation, market share analysis by top organizations in various regions, vital speculation suggested for new players, Strategic supports in key business fragments in view of the Biochar advertise estimations.

The main consideration affecting on the development of Biochar advertise is expanded request and supply local and comprehensively. Likewise, the report features the gainful market investigation and openings with future patterns. This report portrays the up and coming improvements of the overall Biochar showcase.

Effect of biochar from peanut shell on speciation and availability of lead and zinc in an acidic paddy …

26 August, 2018

Biochar has been used to reduce the mobility and availability of heavy metals in contaminated paddy soils. A pot experiment was carried out to analyze the effects of peanut shell biochar (PBC) on the speciation and phytoavailability of Pb and Zn in contaminated acidic paddy soil using rice (Oryza sativa L.) as an indicator plant. Peanut shell biochar was applied to an acidic paddy soil contaminated with Pb and Zn at four rates (0%, 1%, 2%, and 5% w/w), and rice plants were grown in this soil. The soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), water-soluble SO42–, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CaCl2-extractable heavy metals, and speciation of heavy metals were determined. Additionally, biomass and concentrations of heavy metals in rice tissues were determined. The application of PBC significantly increased the pH, CEC, water-soluble SO42–, and DOC in the paddy soil, but decreased the content of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn. The CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn showed significant negative correlations with the pH, CEC, water-soluble SO42–, and DOC (p < 0.05). Following the application of biochar to the contaminated paddy soil, the Pb and Zn concentrations in the CaCl2 extracts were reduced by 41.04–98.66% and 17.78–96.87% (p < 0.05), respectively. Sequential chemical extractions showed a reduction in the acid-soluble Pb and Zn fraction and an increase in the reducible fraction following the addition of biochars. PBC obviously inhibited the uptake and accumulation of Pb and Zn in the rice plants. The Pb concentrations in the rice grain were significantly reduced by 60.32%, with the addition of 5% PBC. Neither of the biochars significantly changed the Zn concentrations in the rice grain. The influence of biochar on Pb and Zn phytoavailability varied not only with the application rate of biochar, but also with the kind of metals. Overall, the use of peanut shell biochar at a high application rate is more effective in immobilizing Pb and Zn in the acidic paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals, especially in reducing the phytoavailability of Pb to the rice plants.

The Biochar market report offers a detailed competitive background of the worldwide market. It includes company market share analysis, product collection of the major industry participants. The report provides detailed segmentation of the Biochar market based on product segment, technology segment, end-user segment, and region. Biochar market report product specification, innovation, product type, manufacturers, and production analysis considering major factors, such as revenue, cost, gross and gross margin.

Market Analysis by Applications: Each application is studied as Sales and Market Share (%), Revenue (Million USD), Price, Gross Margin and more similar information.Soil ConditionerFertilizerOthers

Biochar in Global Biochar market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type, and application. Biochar market analysis report speaks about the manufacturing process, Type, and Applications.

Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global Biochar market including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis.

Technology In Granular Biochar Market Forecast to 2023: How it is Going to Impact on World …

29 August, 2018

Summary:

Historical data available in the report elaborates on the development of theGranular Biochar marketon national, regional and international levels. The report uses this data on current state of the market to further list trends that have brought market shifts. In addition to this, the supervisory scenario of the market has been covered in the report from both, global and regional, perspectives.

The fundamental purpose of Granular Biochar Market report is to provide a correct and strategic analysis of the Granular Biochar industry. The report scrutinizes each segment and sub-segments presents before you a 360-degree view of the said market.

This study report on global Granular Biochar market throws light on the crucial trends and dynamics impacting the development of the market, including the restraints, drivers, and opportunities.

The Granular Biochar Market research study relies upon a combination of primary as well as secondary research. It throws light on the key factors concerned with generating and limiting Granular Biochar market growth. The latest trends, product portfolio, demographics, geographical segmentation, and regulatory framework of the Granular Biochar market have also been included in the study.

The report further highlights the development trends in the global Granular Biochar market. Factors that are driving the market growth and fueling its segments are also analyzed in the report. The report also highlights on its applications, types, deployments, components, developments of this market.

Additionally, the report quotes worldwide certainties and countenance of Granular Biochar industry along with a downstream and upstream analysis of leading players. Numerous research findings and conclusions stated in the report will help decision makers to take imperative decisions in the near future.

The Granular Biochar Market report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies.

The main points which are answered and covered in this Report are-

What will be the total Granular Biochar Market in the coming years till 2023? What will be the key factors which will be overall affecting the industry? What are the various challenges addressed?Which are the major companies included?

Thank You For Visiting Our Report : you can likewise get singular part astute segment or locale insightful report form like Asia, United States, Europe.

”

Draft:Finnish Biochar Association

30 August, 2018

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The Finnish Biochar Association (Template:Lang-fi) is a member-based[1] organization in Finland, based in Helsinki. It was established during the 1st Finnish Biochar Workshop on 18 March 2017 in Siuntio, Finland. [2]

The FBA regularly publish updates and news on official web-page in English and Finnish. [4] Workshop materials can be accessed from the web-page as well. [3] In addition FBA activities, [5][6] event invitations and relevant biochar news are shared over social media, such as Twitter[7] and Facebook[8].

Biochar being a product in its emerging stage, its industry is an up-and-coming one. Biochar is anticipated to be one of the major factors resulting in increased productivity agriculture as well as crop yield in the coming years. The ability of biochar to improve fertility of soil and also plant growth is further anticipated to act as the major reason of increasing world population and growing organic food demand. Chiefly, biochar is utilized in agriculture sector in order to improve fertility of soil, enhance plant growth, and offer better nutrition to crop. Therefore, it enhances the whole productivity on its positive side. In addition, biochar has obtained significant recognition as an animal feed specifically in livestock farming.

Rising organic food consumption all around the world and biochar’s ability to improve fertility of soil as well as plant growth are factors anticipated to boost the growth of the global biochar market in the near future. Biochar being is an important soil improvement owing to its ability to eliminate all sand pollutants and poisonous elements from the soil has gain importance worldwide in agriculture field. Moreover, it prevents fertilizer runoff, soil leeching, and also helps maintain the level of moisture in the soil. At present, synthetic as well as other bio-based fertilizers are expected to influence the agricultural sector. However, numerous initiatives in order to spread awareness about the product use and its advantages are further impacting the growth of the global biochar market; this trend is anticipated to be followed in the near future. As a result, all these factors are expected to open up considerable opportunities in the global biochar market in the near future.

Global Biochar Market: Segmentation

The global biochar market is segmented on the basis of technology, application, region, and others. On the basis of technology, the global biochar market is classified as gasification, pyrolysis, and others. Based on the application, the global biochar market is diversified into agriculture and others. The agriculture segment is further sub-segmented as livestock, farming, others.

North America is anticipated to influence the global biochar market and expected to continue this trend in future. The considerable growth in North America is mainly owing to growing organic food need and increased meat consumption. In North America, the awareness of biochar in terms of its use and benefits is better comparatively. As a result, farmers have knowledge regarding the long-term advantages, which results in high demand of product in the market; this in turn propels the growth of the global biochar market. Furthermore, Asia Pacific is anticipated to experience fast growth in the near future in the global biochar market. Developing countries including India and China will also show significant growth on the global biochar market in future.

Global Biochar Market: Competitive Players

Some of the major players in the global biochar market include Airex Energy Inc., BSEI, and Diacarbon Energy. Few other research institutions involved in production and research of biochar are Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Aberystwyth University, University of East Anglia, and Massey University.

About Zion Market Research Zion Market Research is an obligated company. We create futuristic, cutting edge, informative reports ranging from industry reports, company reports to country reports. We provide our clients not only with market statistics unveiled by avowed private publishers and public organizations but also with vogue and newest industry reports along with pre-eminent and niche company profiles. Our database of market research reports comprises a wide variety of reports from cardinal industries. Our database is been updated constantly in order to fulfill our clients with prompt and direct online access to our database. Keeping in mind the client’s needs, we have included expert insights on global industries, products, and market trends in this database. Last but not the least, we make it our duty to ensure the success of clients connected to us—after all—if you do well, a little of the light shines on us.

Global Biochar Market offers an estimation of the general market measure regarding esteem (US$) and in volume (kilo tons). The Biochar look into report likewise exhibits an intensive evaluation of the market key portions and its relative piece of the overall industry, most recent patterns, and innovations utilized in Biochar industry, an informational review on seller scene and topographical increase of the market. The exploration contemplate inspects the Biochar advertise with help of various criteria, for example, the item composes, application, and its geological development. The pieces of the pie contributed by these sections are defined to give a sharp guide to the peruses of the Biochar showcase.

Biochar Market Report Covers an extensive view of Key Players, Market situation and circumstances which are covered deeply in this Report. Global Biochar market explains the current industry situations on large scale that give you the Biochar market developments tendencies, market size and progression approximations. These data help the consumer know about the competitors better. It also covers different industries client’s information, which is very essential.

Scope of the Report: This report focuses on the Biochar in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application. Major manufacturers of Biochar are mainly in US, EU, Japan and China. The main production is gradually shifted to China. There are less than 10 large manufacturers all over the world and Biochar is produced industrially in large quantities. However, Biochar business may not expanse because of the effect of raw material cost and technology. Since the earthquake of Japan and the unexpected stop of Shell Biochar equipment, China is becoming a driver of Biochar market in international trade. The worldwide market for Biochar is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly xx% over the next five years, will reach xx million US$ in 2023, from xx million US$ in 2017, according to a new study.

The BiocharMarket report contains detailed information about the following points:

Biochar Industry Overview: Definitions, applications, classification and other basic information about the industry is covered in this part. Chain structure of the industry is given along with an analysis of various policies and news. Development of the industry is assessed with the information of current status of the industry in various regions.

Production Analysis: Capacity and production are analysed for various types, regions and manufacturers. Also, revenue analysis for Biochar market is given with respect to these three aspects.

Methodological Data: Assembling process for the Biochar is contemplated in this area. The investigation covers crude material providers, gear providers, material cost, hardware cost, work cost and different expenses. Limit and creation of different assembling plants, their circulation and R&D status are additionally given.

Key Points Covered in TOC:

There are 15 Chapters to deeply display the global Biochar market.Chapter 1, to describe Biochar Introduction, product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market risk, market driving force;Chapter 2, to analyze the top manufacturers of Biochar, with sales, revenue, and price of Biochar, in 2016 and 2018;Chapter 3, to display the competitive situation among the top manufacturers, with sales, revenue and market share in 2016 and 2018;Chapter 4, to show the global market by regions, with sales, revenue and market share of Biochar, for each region, from 2013 to 2018;Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, to analyze the market by countries, by type, by application and by manufacturers, with sales, revenue and market share by key countries in these regions;Chapter 10 and 11, to show the market by type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2013 to 2018;Chapter 12, Biochar market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2018 to 2022;Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe Biochar sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source

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Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Market report provides vital information on every parameter which is required for making strategic decisions and development of every business in policies. players are growing their existence, native vendors are result it tough to contest with them, particularly concerning features such as quality, technology, and price.

Various policies and news are also included in the Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Market report. This includes labour cost, depreciation cost, raw material cost and other costs. The production process is analysed with respect to various aspects like, manufacturing plant distribution, capacity, commercial production, R&D status, raw material source and technology source. By Product Analysis the Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Industry is Segmented into Glass Fibre, Carbon Fibre and by End Users/Applications Analysis the Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Market is segmented into: Chemical and Others.

Further in the Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Industry research report, following points Production, Sales and Revenue, Supply and Consumption and other analysis are included along with in-depth study of each point. Production of the Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder is analysed with respect to different regions, types and applications. Here, price analysis of various Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Industry key players is also covered. Both, sales and revenue are studied for the different regions of the Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Market. Another major aspect, price, which plays important part in the revenue generation, is also assessed in this section for the various regions. In continuation with sales, this section studies supply and consumption for the Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Industry.

This part also sheds light on the gap between supply and consumption. Apart from the aforementioned information, trade and distribution analysis for the Asia-Pacific Fine Biochar Powder Market, contact information of major manufacturers, suppliers and key consumers is also given. In continuation with this data sale price is for various types, applications and region is also included. Additionally, type wise and application wise consumption figures are also given.

Variables governing the initial stages of the synergisms of ultrasonic treatment of biochar in water …

31 August, 2018

The objectives of a series of our researches are to determine the feasibility of applying ultrasonic pretreatment prior to biochar gasification. As per the initial results, the heating value (HV) of biochar significantly increased after acoustic treatment in water with dissolved CO2 (AIChE Journal, 2014;60:1054–1065). Accordingly, emphasis of the current work is placed on the parameters governing the HV of biochar in the early stage of the treatment. Switchgrass and miscanthus biochars were treated under different conditions. The reactant ratio, biochar:water:CO2, exhibited profound impacts on the synergism. The highest (but not yet systematically optimized) ratio of HV increase (or HV Gain, HG) to ultrasound energy supplied (ES) takes place when biochar-to-water ratio, or BC:W, equals 0.06 g/ml. The observed HG/ES is about 10, suggesting that the energy consumption is only a fraction of the acoustic energy supplied. Miscanthus biochar’s HV increases by up to 4.6% after treatment at 5% amplitude for 135 s (HG = 33 cal/g). For the same run, miscanthus biochar’s H content increased by 42.7%. Changes in HV can be mediated by mineral leaching, C or H fixation, or O content loss. Mineral leaching is influenced by pH and CO2 concentration. CO2 and water are the sole contributors to C and H gains, respectively. CO2 concentration in the solution during the treatment is also affected by mass transfer limitations, ultrasound power, and design of the three-phase reactor. Increasing the BC:W ratio initially enhances the cavitation nuclei on the fluid/solid surface, and therefore sonolysis. The subsequent decrease in HV with increasing BC:W may be due to the limitation in ultrasound penetration and H supply from water. Carbon and hydrogen fixation may be connected to the formation of H2, CO, formic acid, formaldehyde, and associated radicals during sonolysis of aqueous CO2.

Impacts of biochar application rates and particle sizes on runoff and soil loss in small cultivated …

31 August, 2018

Increasing literature suggests that biochar can be used to improve soil fertility and subsequently benefit crop yield. However, the effects of biochar application rates and particle sizes on soil erosion processes have yet to be fully identified. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of biochar with different application rates and particle sizes on soil erosion. Addition of biochar to loess generally increased the mean time to runoff by 19.47% relative to the control. The time to runoff decreased with an increase in the biochar application rates and fluctuated with a decrease in biochar particle sizes. The combined 1% and <0.25 mm biochar treatment yielded the longest time to runoff (2.97 min) and the lowest runoff (36.23 kg m−2 h−1) and soil loss (1.33 kg m−2 min−1). Biochar addition decreased the total runoff volume by 12.21% and generally inhibited soil loss under lower application rates (1% and 3%) while promoting soil loss under higher application rates (5% and 7%). With a decrease in biochar particle size, total runoff volume increased under the 5% and 7% biochar, but no uniform trend was observed under the 1% and 3% biochar treatments. The total soil loss increased with increasing biochar application rates, whereas a negative trend was observed with decreasing biochar particle sizes. The contribution of biochar application rates to runoff and soil loss rates was distinctly greater than the biochar particle sizes. Additionally, biochar addition could increase >2 mm water-stable soil aggregates and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in this study. We inferred that the positive effects on soil and water loss were potentially due to the improvement in >2 mm water-stable soil aggregates and Ksat. The results implied that soil-biochar additions could be a potential measure for conserving soil and water in the Loess Plateau.