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ISBN: 978-84-617-3599-0;e-ISBN: 978-84-617-3617-1

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Book Description

Displacement
Measurement constitutes one of the most
challenging problems in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, crossing very
different applications and scales, from biomechanical and mechanical
components to long span bridges and aerospace structures.

The diversity of
applications, test conditions, displacement ranges and accuracy demands
have contributed to a continuous development in measurement technologies
and sensors since the establishment of Experimental Mechanics to the
present days. At the same time, the increasing potential of displacement
measurement in the context of structural observation and health
monitoring has fostered the dissemination of measurement techniques
across different areas of knowledge.

Displacement
Measurement is the second contribution
from the authors for the book series Measurement of Physical and
Chemical Quantities to be published by IFSA Publishing, focusing on
techniques and sensors to measure physical and chemical quantities.

Addressed to researchers
with different backgrounds, the book presents in an accessible and
concise form the various physical principles and associated techniques
for displacement measurement. These comprehend the most classical
techniques, based on the measurement of variations with displacement of
electrical resistance, capacitance and inductance, or else optical
techniques using electromagnetic, acoustic or interference wave
measurements, still with open fields of research and offering a wide
range of applications. Complementarily and in a clear and systematic
way, the authors discuss the advantages and limitations of the various
techniques and provide information on the ranges of measurements and
associated accuracy.

Written by
researchers and academics from the University of Porto with extensive
backgrounds in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, the book
Displacement Measurement is presented in a didactic, fluid and
synthetic form and constitutes therefore an important instrument for the
dissemination of knowledge in the various areas of research requiring
the observation and health monitoring.

The
present book entitled Displacement Measurement is the second title in
the series 'Measurement of Physical and Chemical Quantities'. This
volume is devoted to the measurement of displacement considering its
relevance in the engineering field. Invited authors also contribute to
specific topics adding valuable perspectives.

The
book starts by introducing the elementary concepts of position,
displacement and distance. A brief overview of the history of length
measurement is also included. Then the main traditional experimental
methodologies for measuring displacement are described.

In the
following chapters resistive and inductive transducers are introduced as
well as digital encoders and transducers based in optical fibre. The
chapters also include the basic instrumentation knowledge and techniques
associated with the types of transducers described.

Chapter 1. Elementary Concepts, conveys the fundamentals of
position, displacement and distance concepts and introduces a brief
history of their units. A broad synthesis of the working principles used
in the area is offered.

Chapter 2. Potentiometer Transducers, deals with the working
principle of the most elementary transducer type for middle range
displacements as well as its most relevant characteristics and
highlights simple technical instrumentation details.

Chapter 3. Inductive Transducers, describes the fundamentals of the
working principles of two inductive transducers, the LVDT and the
Foucault Current types. It also details their fundamental specifications
concerning signal instrumentation and conditioning as well as different
techniques that should be applied in order to minimize the main sources
of measurement error. Along the chapter the use of graphical
representation is used to clarify many aspects of signal specification.

Chapter 4. Digital Encoders, explains how digital encoders of
absolute and incremental types work. Their main characteristics are also
mentioned.

Chapter 5. Displacement Transducers Based in Optical Fibre Sensors,
is the contribution of the invited authors José Luís Santos, Luís
Alberto Ferreira, Francisco Moita Araújo. The chapter offers insights on
fibre optic based displacement sensors, providing a general
classification of contact and non-contact types and describing sensor
interrogation techniques and general characteristics.

The
authors hope to have contributed to cover both the main concepts and the
technical information on the topic of displacement measurement. This
contribution has been clearly enriched by the involvement of the invited
authors.