Catherine Young & Family, Page OneA family working in the Tifton (Ga.) Cotton Mill. Mrs. A.J. Young works in mill and at home. Nell (oldest girl) alternates in mill with mother. Mammy (next girl) runs 2 sides. Mary (next) runs 1 1/2 sides. Elic (oldest boy) works regularly. Eddie (next girl) helps in mill, sticks on bobbins. Four smallest children not working yet. The mother said she earns $4.50 a week and all the children earn $4.50 a week. Husband died and left her with 11 children. 2 of them went off and got married. The family left the farm 2 years ago to work in the mill. January 22, 1909. Location: Tifton, Georgia. Photo by Lewis Hine.

Memoires of a HeroinheadIt was over a year that I had been in France. I had gotten clean and then gotten dirty again. So it was good news one day when my mother phoned.

“Shane, there's a little surprise coming over your way! That fucking Irish John has just been around here, bought me two rocks of white and left twenty five quid to get you three of choice and post over. And you ya little bastard, you never told me he 'ad AIDS! An I've been sharing my fuckin' crackpipe with 'im!”

SFE: Science Fiction EncyclopediaWelcome to the beta text of the third edition of The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Some sample entries are below. Alternatively, you can browse the Encyclopedia through the search box above or the categories in the grey bar above.

Paris Review – The Grand Map, Avi Steinberg“And then came the grandest idea of all! We actually made a map of the country, on the scale of a mile to the mile!”
“Have you used it much?” I enquired.
“It has never been spread out, yet,” said Mein Herr. “The farmers objected: they said it would cover the whole country, and shut out the sunlight! So we now use the country itself, as its own map, and I assure you it does nearly as well.”

Nate Hallinan PortfolioThe Smurf is actually the result of a symbiotic relationship
between two organisms. We believe that Smurfs put their
'embryos' in the button of a developing mushroom. From a
distance, Smurfs seem like they are wearing a hat and pants
but as you can see this is a fallacy. The fungus provides
camouflage and protective epidermal layers for the creature,
while the creature provides nutrients and mobility for the
spreading of spores.

Main § Digital Atlas of Roman and Medieval CivilizationThe Digital Atlas of Roman and Medieval Civilization (DARMC) makes freely available on the internet the best available materials for a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach to mapping and spatial analysis of the Roman and medieval worlds. DARMC allows innovative spatial and temporal analyses of all aspects of the civilizations of western Eurasia in the first 1500 years of our era, as well as the generation of original maps illustrating differing aspects of ancient and medieval civilization.

The sad, sad demise of Greenpeace | COSMOS magazineGREENPEACE WAS ONCE a friend of science, helping bring attention to important but ignored environmental research. These days, it’s a ratbag rabble of intellectual cowards intent on peddling an agenda, whatever the scientific evidence.

A cherry picking tale, and an update on spinal manipulation science « Alternative Medicine « Health « Skeptic NorthSpinal manipulative therapy (SMT) has long enjoyed a solid reputation for the treatment of so-called “mechanical” low back pain, and is widely used by physical therapists as well as chiropractors. Even skeptics tend to give it a pass, regarding it as the one thing chiropractors offer that we don’t really have a complaint with, much the way we used to think maybe acupuncture had something going for it, until better evidence crushed our optimism. For instance, just recently Dr. David Gorski — as tough-minded a quackery critic as they come — casually mentioned that “no one argues that … manipulative therapies can’t help back pain.” Actually, skeptics who’ve been following the SMT science are now arguing exactly that.

They are quickly heading to the top of the charts of sheer stupidity. And what they don't realise is that, unlike the movie industry and—though to a somewhat lesser extent— the music industry, they have even less of a legitimate ‘raison d'être’ than their counterparts in those industries.

Modernist Cuisine: The Art and Science of Cooking"The most important book in the culinary arts since Escoffier" — Modernist Cuisine is a six-volume, 2,438-page set that is des­tined to rein­vent cook­ing. The lav­ishly illus­trated books use thou­sands of orig­i­nal images to make the sci­ence and tech­nol­ogy clear and engaging.

Jennifer Pournelle’s The Mote in God’s Eye sequel actually looks interesting | Wis[s]e WordsIntriguing — de dochter van de meneer van Chaos Manor schrijft een vervolg: "Sequels written to well loved science fiction classics by the children of the original writer never turn out right therefore you can safely ignore them. It’s a rule that saved me a lot of frustration, but I think I might break it for Jennifer Pournelle’s Outies, a sequel to her father’s and Larry Niven’s The Mote in God’s Eye. "

My Opposition – Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAfter the war many Germans would insist they knew nothing at all about The Holocaust. More recently, Holocaust deniers have questioned the extent, and even the existence of the Holocaust. Friedrich Kellner's diary counters such suggestions.

History Cookbook – Cookit!Welcome to the history cookbook. Do you know what the Vikings ate for dinner? What a typical meal of a wealthy family in Roman Britain consisted of, or what food was like in a Victorian Workhouse? Why not drop into history cookbook and find out? This project looks at the food of the past and how this influenced the health of the people living in each time period. You can also try some of the recipes for yourself. We have a wide range of historical recipes from Brown Bread Ice Cream to Gruel (Why not see if you would be asking for more – just like Oliver Twist).

Everything You Think You Know About the Collapse of the Soviet Union Is Wrong – By Leon Aron | Foreign PolicyEvery revolution is a surprise. Still, the latest Russian Revolution must be counted among the greatest of surprises. In the years leading up to 1991, virtually no Western expert, scholar, official, or politician foresaw the impending collapse of the Soviet Union, and with it one-party dictatorship, the state-owned economy, and the Kremlin's control over its domestic and Eastern European empires. Neither, with one exception, did Soviet dissidents nor, judging by their memoirs, future revolutionaries themselves. When Mikhail Gorbachev became general secretary of the Communist Party in March 1985, none of his contemporaries anticipated a revolutionary crisis. Although there were disagreements over the size and depth of the Soviet system's problems, no one thought them to be life-threatening, at least not anytime soon.

bradley’s almanac – the sims torture test (a mirror site)I guess people actually play this game to make their little sims happy. I'll admit that i did that for awhile, but to be honest, it just got boring. So of course I reverted to my typical gaming pattern of torturing innocents to death.

CK01 Standard/Honors Chemistry Kit – HomeDroool. Ik zou mijn linkerarm gegeven hebben voor zoiets als ik klein was: "Because chemistry is widely considered to be the most difficult lab course to do well—particularly on a tight budget—we offer the CK01 Standard/Honors Home School Chemistry Laboratory Kit. It provides a comprehensive, rigorous laboratory component for a first-year high school chemistry course, and does so affordably. With the exception of standard household items (such as table salt, sugar, vinegar, aluminum foil, foam cups, and so on) and other minor items that are readily available locally, the kit contains all of the special equipment and chemicals you'll need for a complete chemistry lab course."

Michele Bachmann’s Holy War | Rolling Stone PoliticsBachmann lies because she can't help it, because it's a built-in component of both her genetics and her ideology. She is at once the most entertaining and the most dangerous kind of liar, a turbocharged cross between a born bullshit artist and a religious fanatic, for whom lying to the infidel is a kind of holy duty.

What is International Baccalaureate?Hierzie, dat ge 't weet: "IBO lumps Christianity … into the category of what it calls "fundamentalism" — along with the Taliban and various terrorist groups, saying that these "fundamentalist" groups are all "dangerous." It would be difficult to imagine a more clear, and repugnant, attack on Christianity." "While IBO undermines Christianity, it also advocates its own religion. IBO promotes the worldview of New Age-Pantheism guru William Butler Yeats … Another New Age leader, Joseph Campbell, is often required reading for IBO students. Like Yeats, Campbell aggressively promotes "inclusive" New Age-Pantheistic doctrines while undermining Christianity."

Wikipedia talk:Dispute resolution – Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaI REPEAT, I DO NOT KNOW MR. STEVEN ZHANG FROM ADAM, I AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR HIM, HE IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ME, but JUST IN CASE HE MAY FEEL HIS PERSONA OR FEELINGS SO DEEPLY HURT BY MY MISTAKE, I BEG HIM FIRST OF ALL NOT TO HURT HIMSELF OR HURT OTHER HUMANS, including me, DUE TO UNDUE AGGRESSVITY POOTENTIALLY ARISEN FROM DEEP DISTRESS, especially if occuring on a VULNERABLE PRE-EXISTING SUBSTRATE, and SECOND of ALL NOT SUE ME, Eugen Craciun aka Rudolph Aspirant, beacuse HE, Mr. Steven Zhang WOULD LITERALLY OBTAIN NOTHING FROM ME, TOTAL PAUPER and INDEBTED TO THE HILT TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA GOVERNMENT, and to BOTH MY OWN MOTHER and MY FATHER.

Talk:Circumflex – Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaWHOEVER IS IN CHARGE HERE MUST IMMEDIATELY TRANSMIT THIS URGENT ESSENTIAL ERROR/FEIL TO GOOGLE-TRANSLATE, which I have just noticed myself today, 18, May, 2011, Anoo Domini, which is AN INEXCUSABLE ERROR, without PRECENT in ALL of the history I have used Google-translate for all sorts of purposes and reasons.

Imagine you ran a narrative report on a person in your genealogy database and you got this as a result:

Basilius Franciscus Gilliet, son of Benedictus (Benoit) and Françoise Ferdinande (Springael) Gilliet, was born on 20 December 1818 in the rue des Ecuries in Gent. Witnesses to the birth declaration were Basil Van Loo and Joseph Verschaffel. Basilius married Maria Ludovica Massaux before 1848. Basilius had a daughter before 1848. He had a son Julien Gilliet abt 1848. Basilius had a daughter Octavia Gilliet on 10 August 1850 in Gent. Basilius was employed as a lithograph in December 1850. He witnessed the birth of Marcellus Gilliet on 12 December 1850 in Gent. Basilius had a son Petrus Constantinus Gilliet there on 28 June 1862. Basilius died in Gent on 23 December 1890. Witnesses to the death were Petrus and Isidorus Campens.

Pretty good, right? Well, no. Not really.

In fact, pretty much all of this information is almost useless if you don’t know where it came from. You need to be able to check the data, and you need to know how reliable it is.

You may very well have different versions of the same story: a death certificate that says someone was born about 1812 and a marriage certificate that says the same person was born about 1807. How do you handle this? Easy—just enter all you discover in Genbox, and add source information for each thing you enter.

Let’s take a typical example. I’m looking for information about Basilius Gilliet and I have a copy of a birth certificate of a Marcellus Gilliet:

The certificate is dated 12 December 1850 and Basilius is mentioned as a witness. The certificate says that he’s thirty-two years old (“Basilius Gilliet, oud twee en dertig jaren”), so we can conclude he was probably born about 1818.

Here’s how we enter this information in Genbox (we’ll pretend we’re not interested in Marcellus Gilliet and only in Basilius for now).

Create a new person

Assuming Basilius Gilliet was not present in the database, add a new person. Click the Individual form or select View | Individual in the menu, then hit CTRL-N to add a new individual and fill in what you now about Basilius (his name, sex, and birth date—about 1818):

Generate an idividual report for this person (Reports | Individual | Basic > Make Report) and you’ll get this, short and to the point:

Basilius Gilliet was born abt 1818.

Next we’ll flesh this out.

Documenting the event

Double click the “Birth” event. You’ll be taken to the “Events” tab for Basilius Gilliet:

There’s a great number of things we can enter here, amongst others:

the birth date

the birthplace (and a local place, like a hospital or a street in a town)

the child’s father

the child’s mother

any number of witnesses to the birth

Next to each of the data items you can enter you’ll find a button—plus one extra button (circled) next to the name of the event:

You can choose to individually document everything, or you can choose to add sources to the entire event. Or you can choose a mixture of the two.

Create a source record

We’ve got a source that tells us when the person was born and nothing else, so we’re just going to add a source to the birth date. Click the button next to the date field; this will take you to a form where you can select the source from a list or create a new one:

The source is where you got the information. In this case we got the information (Basilius’ birth circa 1818) from birth certificate (“geboorteakte”) #3600, which is part of the Gent birth records for 1850, which are part of the civil records of the city of Gent.

There are many ways you could enter this information. This is one way to go about it.

First we’ll enter the name of the source:

Click “add new” and Genbox will open two new windows—a Citation form and a Source form:

We’ll first flesh out the source and then turn to the citation.

The source type is a Birth Certificate (City Level); the rest is a matter of filling in the blanks and making sure you have enough information to be able to locate the actual source (microfilm, photocopy, book, …) if you ever needed to. And if you have an image of the source—as we have—you can add it to the source record too:

If you want to go the extra mile, you can move on to the Evidence tab and add a transcript of the document:

That’s it for now. We’ll close the source window and turn our attention to the Citation window.

Citations

The citation window is where the source we created is connected to Basilius’ birth date.

The Assertion tab holds information about the thing you’re documenting. Note that you can have more than one citation for a given assertion. In that case you’ll have more than one source listed on the Assertion tab, like so:

In our example, there’s just the one source for the date of the birth event for the individual Basilius Gilliet:

Double click the source on the Assertion tab to go to the Cited Sources tab:

This is where you see how the source (Marcellus’ birth certificate) relates to the assertion.

In our case the source is quite specific: just one birth certificate, identified by year and number, so you don’t need to fill in the “where in source” field. Some alternative ways to go about things:

if you’ve defined the source as…

enter this in “where in source”

Gent Civil Records

Birth Records 1850, #3600

Gent Birth Records

1850, #3600

Gent Birth Records 1850

#3600

As for the other fields on the form:

Lead text is where you can optionally put a short introduction to the citation.

Annotation: is where you can optionally put another short text which will appear at the end of the citation. Use it to put an appreciation of the source, or any other, well, annotations.

Support level for assertion indicates how well the source supports the assertion, ranging from Primary and Direct Support (indicating the source was an eye witness, or that the source specifically talks about the event) to Direct Conflict (indicating the source says something completely different than the assertion). Do not leave the support level set to “Undetermined”!

Credibility: how much you think the source should be believed.

the box under the Credibility drop-down: a new field since 3.1.11, named “Rationale”. This is to store text that briefly explains why you believe the cited source is relevant to the current assertion. It is for your own personal research purposes, and does not normally appear on output reports. You can store here the reasons why you assigned a low/high support level or low/high credibility, or the facts extracted from the source that you think make your case, or personal reminders of work yet to be performed.

An example:

If you’ve entered a transcript of the source, you can optionally move on to the third tab (Excerpts). You’ll see the transcript you entered before:

Locate the bit in the text that supports the assertion, select it and click the “Mark” button. The relevant part of the transcript will be highlighted:

One last thing: go back to the Assertion tab, and decide with all you’ve just entered about the source in the back of your mind just how sure you are of the assertion. We’re going for “probable conclusion”:

Note that if there’s more than one source you have to take into account the combination of all the sources.

Now, to put it all together, take a look at the Formatting tab to see what the citation will look like in a report:

…or to see what it will look like in the contect of a “real” report, click the preview button on Basilius’ birth event:

If we do the same for all the different assertions in the statement, we can get something like this: