Cypseloides niger

Order

Family

Code 4

Code 6

ITIS

ILLUSTRATION

PHOTOS

CONSERVATION STATUS

The Black Swift has a large breeding range of 1,270,000 square kilometers. It breeds behind waterfalls and on coastal cliffs in scattered areas of western Canada and the western United States, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Wintering areas for this species are unknown but expected to be in South America. The Black Swift has an estimated breeding population of 190,000 and a conservation rating of Least Concern.

SUMMARY

Overview

Black Swift: Large, bulky swift, black overall. Wrist (wing angle) is very close to body. Long, slightly forked tail, often fanned out. It is the largest North American swift. Spends most of its time thousands of feet in the air. It flies on stiff, shallow wingbeats. Soars on thermals and updrafts.

Range and Habitat

Black Swift: Breeds from extreme southern Alaska south to southern California and east to Montana and Colorado, and the breeding range extends south into Mexico. Spends winters in the tropics. Resident in Jamaica, Haiti, and Dominican Republic. Preferred habitats include mountains and coastal cliffs.

Black Swift SONGS AND CALLS

Black Swift A1

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Call is a soft, high-pitched twitter.

Black Swift A2

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Calls from birds flying near the mouth of a cave.

Similar Sounding

Voice Text

"ci-chi-chi-chit"

INTERESTING FACTS

Breeding Bird Survey trend analysis shows a 6.3% per year decline from 1966-2001. Of major concern is the fact that some of the greatest declines are in its British Columbia breeding range where it has traditionally occurred in highest abundance.

The Black Swift is the largest swift in the U.S. and Canada. Often called the cloud swift, these birds feed on aerial insects and hunt in the rising air masses that sweep large numbers of insects into the sky.

They are thought to winter in South America but the location of its wintering grounds remain a mystery. In general they never occur in very high abundance except occasionally, flocks of thousands have been seen in its British Columbia range.

A group of swifts are collectively known as a "box", "flock", "screaming frenzy", and "swoop" of swifts.

SIMILAR BIRDS

RANGE MAP NORTH AMERICA

About this North America Map

This map shows how this species is distributed across North America.

FAMILY DESCRIPTION

Swifts (Apodidae)

ORDER

The taxonomic order APODIFORMES (pronounced a-poh-dih-FOR-meez) is made up of four families of birds that occur on all continents except for Antarctica and includes the glittering hummingbirds, the strange owlet-nightjars, and the swifts.

FAMILY TAXONOMY

The Apodidae (pronounced a-POH-dih-dee) family is composed of one hundred and one species of swifts in nineteen genera found nearly throughout the world.

NORTH AMERICA

Twenty-five species of the Apodidae in nine genera have occurred in North America. Among these are included the Chimney Swift, the White-throated Swift, and the mysterious Black Swift.

KNOWN FOR

Like their names, swifts are known for their rapid flight. Aerialists such as the Chimney Swift are often seen in the skies above towns and cities as they spend hours on the wing, twittering and foraging in the sky.

PHYSICAL

The Chimney Swift has been called the “flying cigar”; a fairly accurate description of the shape of its tubular body, short tail, rounded head, and long, thin pointed wings. Most swifts share this body shape with slight differences in their wings and tails. Their legs are extremely short and their small feet adapted to clinging on vertical perches. The bills of swifts are also extremely short with wide gapes.

COLORATION

Swifts have dark plumages, either black or dark brown with gray highlights. Some species have white markings on the body and face, but most have very similar dark plumages which, when combined with their fast flight, can make them difficult to identify.

GEOGRAPHIC HABITAT

Swifts occur in the skies above a variety of North American habitats except for the boreal zone and the tundra. In the eastern United States and Canada, the Chimney Swift is the only commonly occurring species and is very common due to it having become adapted to nesting in chimneys and other human-made structures. It is replaced on the west coast by the Vaux’s Swift, and in the Rocky Mountains by the White-throated Swift. In the Pacific Northwest, the Black Swift occurs where waterfalls provide nesting sites.

MIGRATION

Although the White-throated Swift is a short distance migrant, other North American species migrate to Central and South America.

HABITS

Swifts are social birds that typically nest in colonies and are often seen foraging in flocks. Foraging takes place on the wing with birds fluttering high overhead and quickly flying back and forth to harvest “aerial plankton” – the multitude of insects and other arthropods blown into the air by winds and essentially “trapped” in the sky by updrafts. Before and during rainstorms, swifts fly lower to capture insects that are likewise flying lower.

CONSERVATION

While other swifts are common, the Black Swift has suffered population declines. Although it isn’t endangered yet, conservationists are concerned because these declines have occurred in a core area of its range (British Columbia) and very little is known about its natural history, including its wintering range, that would help to formulate implement conservation plans.

INTERESTING FACTS

The Black Swift nests and roosts behind waterfalls. Since these birds are often too difficult to see as they forage high up in the air, a good way to see this species is to watch for them zipping in and out of one of their waterfall roosting sites at dawn or dusk.