Frostbite

Definition

Frostbite is frozen water in body tissues. Like
burns
, frostbite injuries can be ranked in severity. First-degree frostbite is the mildest. Fourth-degree frostbite is the most severe. It may result in loss of the affected body part.

Causes

Frostbite happens when skin is exposed to freezing temperatures. This can cause the body tissue to freeze. Ice crystals actually form within the frozen body part. Blood cannot flow adequately through the frozen tissue. This causes the frozen tissue to be deprived of blood and oxygen. The combination of freezing and oxygen deprivation causes tissue damage or tissue death. Rewarming may also ultimately lead to tissue death.

Receiving
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
. This is a special chamber under greater pressure than normal. It will help with blood flow and tissue repair.

Amputation of all or part of the affected body part. This may be necessary in severe frostbite cases.

If you are diagnosed with frostbite, follow your doctor's
instructions
.

Prevention

To help prevent frostbite, dress properly when going outside in cold weather. For example:

Cover your head, face, hands, and feet adequately.

Wear layers of clothing.

Wear materials that provide good insulation. It should keep moisture away from the skin. (eg, wool, polyester, polypropylene)

Make sure you wear a waterproof outer layer and stay dry.

Avoid drinking alcohol when you will be in cold weather.

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Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY.
Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.