Jiang Weiping: Awardee 2001

JIANG WEIPING is a veteran journalist currently jailed on charges of "revealing state secrets" after pushing the boundaries of censorship and aggressively reporting on the taboo subject of official graft in China's industrial northeast region. He is former Dalian bureau chief for the newspaper Wen Hui Bao and reporter for the state news agency Xinhua. Jiang was detained in December 2000 after writing a series of articles exposing government corruption for the Hong Kong tabloid Front-Line. Jiang was sentenced to nine years in prison following a secret trial held on September 5, 2001.

Jiang's reporting uncovered several corruption scandals involving high-level officials, including such well-connected leaders as Bo Xilai, governor of Liaoning province and son of Communist Party elder Bo Yibo. Jiang also revealed that the vice mayor of Shenyang gambled away 30 million yuan (US$3 million) of public funds, and he reported that the mayor of Daqing used state money to buy apartments for each of his 29 mistresses.

Though Chinese government leaders have urged journalists to help fight corruption, few legal protections exist for reporters who do so. Courageous investigative journalists like Jiang who work independently to expose official impropriety risk harassment and imprisonment. According to CPJ records, at least 25 journalists are imprisoned in China, more than any other country in the world.
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Former Daqing Mayor Qian Dihua Arrested: Richest Man in the Area Who Kept 29 Mistresses

By Wen Qingtian* (translated from Chinese by CPJ)

*pen name for Jiang Weiping

Recently, a hot news story erupted in Daqing City, Helongjiang Province. In the city, which became world famous in the 1960s for the oil worker "Ironman" Wang, former mayor Qian Dihua, a man surnamed Wu who is deputy secretary of the Daqing City Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and many members of the committee and other high-level government officials were arrested on suspicion of economic and business crimes. The origin and development of the whole case is legendary and shocking.

The killing of Daqing Lianyi shareholding company presidentThe stocks of Daqing Lianyi, a well-known, state-run enterprise listed on the Shanghai stock exchange, were once so hot that many investors vied to buy and hold them for profit. But people familiar with the company's background disclosed that Daqing Lianyi is only an ordinary chemical oil refinery and marketing corporation controlled by the Daqing government. After elaborate scheming, this company--supported by Wang Xianmin, current deputy governor of Heilongjiang Province and former Daqing Communist Party Secretary--became hot in 1997 immediately after being listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, just because it was disguised as a new state-run enterprise under the gold-lettered signboard name of "Daqing Lianyi."

On June 5 this year, the Chinese stock market index showed that the lowest and highest stock prices of Daqing Lianyi were, respectively, 9.08 and 9.54 yuan. But in reality, the company had a weak economic foundation and no economic returns, except the beautiful label of a "state-run enterprise."

Some of the members of the city's Party Committee and high-level government officials were enthusiastic about having the stock listed. On one hand, they wanted to pursue the development of the city's economy through large-scale financing to make the state-run enterprises, whose economic returns are hindered by a backward system, more profitable. On the other hand, they also wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to make bogus listings for their own benefit. In order to ingratiate himself to higher officials, Lianyi's chairman of the board, a man with the surname Zhang, gave each of more than 60 cadres at or above the level of department head of the city Party Committee and the city government a certain amount of stock as a gift, with several thousand yuan being the lowest and tens of thousands of yuan the highest amount. Thus, when the stocks began trading in Shanghai, the officials all became rich overnight from the IPO stocks that were given to them just for their official titles. "The IPO price for each stock was one yuan, but now the highest trading price is over 20 yuan and the lowest price is about 10 yuan," a Daqing source familiar with the matter disclosed. "By making use of the opportunity to issue stock to take and offer bribes openly, and by putting state assets and investors' hard-earned money into the pockets of local officials, Zhang has helped them profit from other people's labor."

However, the strange thing was that Zhang, formerly a well-connected and respected person, was shot and seriously wounded this spring in the city. This probably happened because either Zhang did not make equal offers of stocks to officials, or the officials who received the bribes bit the hand that fed them, fearing that their bribery would be exposed. After receiving emergency treatment, Zhang was about to leave the hospital after narrowly escaping death several times during his recovery. But then at about 2 a.m. on the day before Zhang was to leave the hospital, two men claiming to be his close friends visited him and comforted him with nice words. They seemed to have a good talk. However, soon after the two men left the hospital, Zhang's illness unexpectedly worsened dramatically, and he died of unknown causes at 4 a.m. that morning. Police began investigating the case immediately but gave up because of a lack of evidence.

It's not the first time for hired killers When discussing Daqing, ordinary people in Hong Kong would first think of thick fog, chilling wind, squat houses, dusty roads, and marshland. But those who have been to Daqing could not help but be surprised. About 500 stores and bustling restaurants stand side by side along its famous Jingliu Street, nearly as famous as Causeway Bay in Hong Kong. As the richest place in Northeast China, the city has not only a steady stream of petroleum and a series of processed and refined oil products, such as lubricants, but also an advanced transportation system. The city, which has the air of a modern business capital, attracts a never ending flow of guests from all over the country, including famous businessmen and tycoons.

It is said that with prosperity comes prostitution. This is true in the city of Daqing. Officials, with the power to handle the wholesale and retail marketing of petroleum, get rich by trading their power for money. In the "red-light district" on Jingliu Street, there are not only massage girls offering the disguise of shampooing and foot-bathing services while openly soliciting guests on the street, but also a notorious gigolo joint named "Ran Qing Sui Yue" (Years of Burning Passions), a place where rich ladies come for sexual pleasure. Here, those young, handsome, Northeastern men, dressed in Western-style clothes, have become the "Little Tiger Team" much sought and favored by those lonely city women.

In such a thriving place filled with prostitutes, public security has become a challenge. As a result of the unequal distribution of wealth, serious crimes such as murder, robbery, kidnapping, and blackmail continue to take place. According to well-informed sources, during the last three years, dozens of murders occurred in Daqing, with none of the cases solved. A shooting that shook the city two years ago is very similar to that of the Lianyi chairman. Gunmen shot the general manager of a certain company in front of his residence on his way home from work. The manager, while being rushed to the hospital, was killed on the way by three additional shots. The case has not yet been solved.

Another official, the financial section head of Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau, who was afraid of being persecuted, committed suicide by jumping off a building after hearing unconfirmed reports that his business practices would be audited. After his death, several million yuan were found at his home, with some 100-yuan bills found at the bottom of flowerpots on the balcony. Even law enforcement officials were very surprised by this case. This and other similar cases were all closed without having been solved.

President's murder uncovers more than 60 corrupt officialsDuring the investigation of the shooting case, the public security personnel, pressured from above, had to organize special task forces and spared no efforts to work around the clock to solve the case. But it was very difficult to carry out the investigation, because the local killers had reached very high professional levels. They are cruel in execution and leave no trace behind.

Unexpectedly, the public security personnel found a related case during the investigation: While investigating Zhang's business account, they found that more than 60 cadres, at or above the level of department heads of the city Party Committee and the city government, were involved in fraudulent Lianyi stocks. Former mayor Qian Dihua, Deputy Party Secretary Wu, and others collaborated with Zhang in the stock embezzlement and bribery.

Elderly mayor keeps 29 mistressesMost unthinkable is that 63-year-old Mayor Qian, who has been an official for many years and is one of the richest men in the area, is so energetic and strong that he kept 29 mistresses aged 19 to 40. Besides buying apartments for each of them, three of whom are government officials, Qian also bought a car for each of them, while using them to satisfy his own sexual desire. Two of them even gave birth to his children. It's really ridiculous that while the Communist Party is strictly implementing the "family planning" policy today, Mayor Qian's ignorance of the party's discipline and state laws and regulations has allowed his life to be so corrupted.

"It is obvious how much money the mayor has since he was able to keep 29 mistresses, buy more than 20 apartments and several town cars, and pay a large amount for their living expenses," someone close to Qian disclosed. "This kind of tragedy can only happen in such a small city like Daqing, which is lacking in a supervisory and regulatory mechanisms, and where the power of one man could viciously grow to such a degree that only his words count!"

Local officials are trying to block the news, so it is still not known for sure how much money Qian Dihua and other corrupted officials embezzled during their terms of office. But from the fact that he kept mistresses, it can be easily reckoned that the figure must be astronomical.

Liu Liying moving into Building No. 9It is a Daqing practice that if you're a distinguished guest coming from afar, you will be invited to stay at Building No. 9 at the West Wind Guesthouse, no matter which city leader is your host. You will enjoy magnificent banquets held in your honor, much like [Chinese president] Jiang Zemin receives high-ranking state guests at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse. It is a way to show Daqing people's warmest hospitality to their guests. When state leaders come to Daqing for inspection, they are sure to be invited to stay at Building No. 9.

Following the death of Mr. Zhang, which shed light on Mayor Qian's economic fraud and sexual scandals, Liu Liying, deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Central Commission for Discipline, came north to Heilongjiang with her team and stayed at Building No. 9. Anyone called for a meeting with Ms. Liu would be scared to death, for she is well known as the present-day "Female Baogong," or the Just and Merciless Judge.

Well-informed sources said that Ms. Liu, leading an army of strong-minded and capable people from the Central Disciplinary Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of State Security, came to Daqing after reading through reports from the Daqing police. Therefore, with their own notorious deeds in mind, Mayor Qian and a number of high-ranking local officials realized how bad a situation they were facing. They knew that Ms. Liu was somebody who would only come with good reason or would not come at all. And they shuddered when they imagined themselves falling into the positions of those who had been sentenced recently, such as Zhu Shengwen, former deputy executive mayor of Harbin City, and Wang Shubin, former party secretary of Qiqihar City.

But Mayor Qian, having weaved a widespread network of connections, would not give up without a final gamble. He and his son secretly planned to transfer a huge amount of money from their home to a certain bank in Jiamusi City.

Well-informed sources disclosed that, right after she came with her special task force, Liu Liying first blanket-swept all the corrupted officials around Qian. She didn't show her hand until she acquired substantial evidence of Qian's wrongdoing.

What Qian never imagined was that Liu used the world's most advanced, state-of-the-art eavesdropping equipment. She therefore knew every word Qian and his family said about transferring the huge amounts of illicit money after the first subpoena. Later, Qian and the 58-year-old deputy party secretary Wu, were arrested nearly at the same time and put in a Shijiazhuang prison, in Hebei Province, far away from Daqing.

What awaits the incumbents?The current mayor of Daqing City is Yang Xin, and the former secretary of the City Party Committee is Wang Xianmin. Yang performed courageous deeds in the battle against the floods last year. During his term in office, he also made an extraordinary contribution to the city's economic construction, while attracting foreign investment and business. Meanwhile, Wang, though he personally pushed the Daqing Lianyi stock into the market and had countless ties with Zhang, has been promoted to deputy governor of Heilongjiang Province, because he has very close connections with officials in Beijing. So for now, the fate that is awaiting these two, and whether they will be investigated, is still unclear.

According to sources in Daqing, Yang Xin and many officials in the city government were more or less involved in the "Lianyi stock scandal" by trading stock in violation of the law and by making a profit through abuse of power. According to the sources, however, they complained that they were fooled because Zhang did not tell them the whole truth. They therefore could be cleared if they give up their shares and repay the money.

But according to a different source, the Lianyi case involved Wang Xianmin, whose escape was sheer luck because a certain high official in the Central Party Committee tried every means to protect him. However, another Heilongjiang insider, who is very familiar with the operations inside the Chinese Communist Party, said that Yang Xin and others were safe only because Liu Liying and her team followed the principle of "investigating and punishing key people, attacking the difficult ones, and protecting the hotspot." Liu let Yang and others alone for the time being because she did not want to deal with too many people at the same time, so that the city's economy and the morale among officials would not be dampened. But they would be dealt with later.

Nevertheless, Daqing's Qian Dihua belongs to the third wave of high-ranking local officials in Heilongjiang who were thrown in prison for committing economic crimes, following former Harbin deputy mayor Zhu Shengwen and former Qiqihar party secretary Wang Shubin. Once the shady deals are exposed, a large group of corrupt officials will lose their vested interests. Such a situation reminds us that if a large-scale and prompt reform of the political system cannot be implemented to meet the demand of the diversified economy, it will be impossible to establish a real supervisory and regulatory mechanism. Corruption will continue, and, just like the poem says: "Not even a prairie fire can destroy the grass; it grows when the spring breeze blows."

Politicians and journalists are two completely different professions, but the two have a very close relationship. The former use various capacities to execute power, while the latter use various methods to disseminate information and execute the power of knowledge to serve the masses. Objectively, journalists have a restrictive effect on politicians by providing public supervision, so press freedom frequently can be the chief opponent of those who abuse power. In a society ruled by law, journalists become the "fourth estate," but in a centralized autocracy, "news" becomes propaganda and is just one part of the ruling apparatus. For example, under an autocratic, one-party system like China's, journalists are just the mouthpieces and tools of the party, in reality nothing more than propaganda workers.

From this perspective, take the case of the Wen Hui Bao reporter Jiang Weiping. Because he revealed the corruption scandals of Bo Xilai, governor of Liaoning and a representative member of the "princelings," Jiang was imprisoned on fabricated charges. (Recent reports indicate that Jiang has been sentenced by an "internal decision" to nine years in prison.) Measured against the professional responsibilities of a propagandist under an autocratic system, Jiang indeed overstepped his authority by "offending higher authorities" and "airing dirty laundry in public."

The problem is that he was not willing to act merely as a mouthpiece and tool for party authorities, and so he unconsciously performed a journalist's function--to uncover the truth and help the people execute the power of knowledge. Chinese society is experiencing a historic transformation, and Jiang Weiping, in serving the journalistic world, transformed himself from party propagandist into a news reporter, in line with the choice of historical development. Since China's reform and opening began, a number of journalists, both old and young, have emerged, including Hu Jiwei (who termed the principle that the people's spirit transcends that of the party) and Jiang Weiping.

The harsh way that Bo Xilai and others in the dictatorship dealt with Jiang Weiping demonstrates that the autocratic centralization of the party's ruling apparatus is still very strong. Today's Number One in the Communist Party, Jiang Zemin, relied on the closing of the World Economic Herald during the June 4th incident to rise to the top. Furthermore, he has a hobby of suppressing journalists--Wu Shichen and his wife, Bai Weiji and his wife, Gao Yu, and a number of other journalists were all imprisoned and sentenced under his watch.

And those below must follow the habits of those above: A few days ago at the APEC meeting, Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan followed the example and reprimanded a Taiwanese journalist. Now Bo Xilai is using his public office to condemn Jiang Weiping, not only in an attempt to do everything he can to be promoted during the 16th Party Congress but also because in the depths of his heart he hopes to follow in Jiang Zemin's path and supersede the core of the fourth generation. The treatment of journalists by politicians like Jiang Zemin, Tang Jiaxuan, and Bo Xilai runs counter to the transformation of Chinese society. Although they try to protect their own power, public opinion and a sense of justice will soon nail them to history's pillar of shame.

China has already experienced great changes and will continue to experience even bigger change. Clinton's encounter with media supervision is already known throughout China. Although, like the Gang of Four prior to their downfall, Jiang Zemin traces any so called political rumors to their source, the common people will never again willingly be deceived. They have already begun to have independent choice. Although Bo Xilai is able to put Jiang Weiping in prison and even to sentence him, he also created a hero in pursuit of press freedom. Not long ago, the New York­based Committee to Protect Journalists gave the International Press Freedom Award to Jiang Weiping. Contrary to his intentions, Bo Xilai's actions helped spread news of his corruption scandals far and wide.

The future China should make a choice between Bo Xilai and Jiang Weiping: In the end, will they choose a politician like Bo Xilai, who maintains the inertia of autocratic politics, or Jiang Weiping, who advances China's historic transformation by strengthening and perfecting the function of public opinion and supervision? Every responsible politician in China can learn a lesson from the relationship between Jiang Weiping and Bo Xilai. No matter if their only concern is avoiding the burden of a bad reputation or helping the media portray their public image, fair treatment of journalists and a conscious acceptance of public supervision is a necessary part of the job.

During these days without your father
Keep yourself company, treasure yourself.
When you're watching television,
do not ignore your mother's joy and sorrow.
I can't help but shiver on these cold nights
but feel better knowing that your mother's love
covers you like spring rain,
Now that you admit that you've grown up,
you must be strong like your mother.
No matter how long the three of us are separated,
in our dreams we are always together,
Though the road home has many twists and turns,
your Daddy believes that we will be reunited soon,
This world contains so many things that are not eternal:
status, money, reputation, power;
only truth and justice truly rule
the drama of human life
Your old father will not be toppled on this cold night,
The wild mountain peaks make character strong
The sun is truly bright and red,
The giant dragon strides into a new century,
Your old father stands on the giant's shoulders,
He will certainly pick up his pen once again!