What Causes ‘Caffeine Withdrawal Headache’?

Does missing morning coffee makes you suffer from pounding headache and fatigue? Well, you're not the only one to experience such caffeine withdrawal symptoms.

Now, scientists have tried to explain why this happens.

Stacey Sigmon, Ph.D., research associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont College of Medicine and colleagues at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine sought to investigate the biological mechanisms of caffeine withdrawal in a new study.

Consumers of coffee and other caffeinated products have often reported that caffeine withdrawal brings with it many after effects, which include headache, fatigue, feeling less alert, less energetic and experiencing difficulty concentrating.

In the study, the researchers looked at brain electrical activity and blood flow during caffeine withdrawal to examine what was taking place physiologically during acute caffeine abstinence, including the likely mechanism underlying the common "caffeine withdrawal headache."

They examined caffeine's effects in a double-blind study, which involved the administration of caffeine and placebo capsules.

The researchers measured each participant's response to the caffeine or placebo using three different measures, brain electrical activity via electroencephalogram (EEG); blood flow velocity in the brain via ultrasound; and participants' self-reports of subjective effects via questionnaires.

It was shown that stopping daily caffeine consumption produces changes in cerebral blood flow velocity and quantitative EEG that are likely related to the classic caffeine withdrawal symptoms of headache, drowsiness and decreased alertness.

Acute caffeine abstinence also produced changes in EEG (increased theta rhythm) that has previously been linked to the common withdrawal symptom of fatigue.

Consistent with the above results, volunteers reported increases in measures of "tired," "fatigue," "sluggish" and "weary."

Overall, these findings provide the most rigorous demonstration to date of physiological effects of caffeine withdrawal.

Also, the researchers discovered a provocative and somewhat unexpected finding, that there were no net benefits linked with chronic caffeine administration.

"In addition to looking at caffeine withdrawal, this rigorous design also permitted comparison of chronic caffeine maintenance with chronic placebo maintenance, which provides unique information about the extent to which there are net beneficial effects of daily caffeine administration," said Sigmon, who is first author on the study.

He added: "In contrast to what most of us coffee lovers would think, our study showed no difference between when the participant was maintained on chronic placebo and when the participant was stabilized on chronic caffeine administration. What this means is that consuming caffeine regularly does not appear to produce any net beneficial effects, based on the measures we examined."

The study has been published recently in the online edition of the scientific journal Psychopharmacology.

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