Cancer Newsline - Audio

by MD Anderson Cancer Center

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Cancer Newsline is a weekly audio podcast series from MD Anderson Cancer Center. The aim of Cancer Newsline is to provide the audience with current information on cancer research, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

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Smokers with HIV/AIDS find quitting easier with cell phone counseling

A smoking-cessation intervention delivered through mobile phones to smokers who are HIV/AIDS positive has a better success rate compared to standard treatment. Listen to Ellen Gritz, Ph.D., professor and chair, and Damon Vidrine, Dr.P.H., assistant professor, both in Behavioral Science at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss their research findings.

Breast cancer has two main types: ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. These two types of breast cancer present and behave differently but they are treated the same way. Sharon Giordano, M.D., professor in Breast Medical Oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and chair of Health Services Research, discusses the differences between ductal and lobular carcinomas including in situ (noninvasive) cases. Giordano explains self-examination, diagnosis, treatment, screening recommendations and research in breast cancer.

A central nervous system tumor starts as a primary cancer originating in the brain, spinal cord or spinal fluid and then spreads to the nervous system. The most common form is glioblastoma multiforme. John DeGroot, M.D., associate professor in Neuro-Oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system tumors.

If appendix cancer is found early, surgery is the standard of care. Alternatives to surgery are available for advanced appendix cancer, but more data is needed to accurately treat this rare form of cancer. Cathy Eng, M.D., associate professor of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses options for non-surgical candidates including hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (heated chemotherapy). Eng explains treatment options as well as ways to expand research for appendix cancer.

Several cancer types can spread to the brain including lung, breast, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal tract cancers such as colon and rectal. Secondary brain cancer (cancer that has metastasized to the brain) is more prevalent than cancer beginning in the brain (primary cancer). Ivo Tremont, M.D., assistant professor in Neuro-Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses how cancer migrates to the brain, how it differs from primary brain cancer, as well as secondary brain cancer treatment and research.

A simple blood test currently approved to detect ovarian cancer disease recurrence is full of new possibility. It may, one day, detect invasive, high-grade disease at its earliest, most curable stage. Listen to Karen Lu, M.D., professor and chair of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, as she details the findings, and what they could, one day, mean for women.

Penile cancer is rare with less than 2,000 men being diagnosed in the US each year and around 26,000 worldwide. If caught early, penile cancer is curable but men tend to ignore symptoms until the disease has advanced. Lance Pagliaro, M.D., professor in Genitourinary Medical Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the basics, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of penile cancer.

Karen Basen-Engquist, Ph.D., professor in Behavioral Science and director of Energy Balance, works with patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center to change behaviors based on nutrition and physical activity. Basen-Engquist’s goal is to find the best psychological and social interventions to alter unhealthy behaviors that increase cancer risk. Listen to Basen-Engquist describe her research and also provide guidelines for diet and exercise.

Pediatric cancer affects the whole family. Stress may cause parents to focus only on their ill child, forgetting that their other children need help coping with the new family dynamic brought about by cancer. Morgan Henry, a social work counselor at MD Anderson Cancer Center, shares important conversations to have with cancer patients’ siblings, including telling them their brother/sister has cancer, and offers advice on handling related struggles.

Testicular cancer is the most common malignant cancer in males between the ages of 15 and 34, but it could strike at any age. Symptoms are not always obvious and self-examination is not a recommended way to screen for testicular cancer. Lance Pagliaro, M.D., professor in Genitourinary Medical Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the basics, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer.

Blue light cystoscopy (Cysview) reveals more than traditional white light cystoscopy since the bladder cancer cells that become visible in blue light may be invisible with traditional white light. A cystoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the bladder. Ashish Kamat, M.D., associate professor in Urology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, explains why blue light cystoscopy is so effective in detecting bladder cancer and discusses this disease in general.

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the seventh most common cancer in men and women in the United States and often misdiagnosed by primary care doctors. Symptoms may include headaches, confusion, nausea and fatigue. Jason Westin, M.D., assistant professor in Lymphoma/Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the basics of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and clinical trials.

Bevacizumab offers no benefit for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (brain) cancer patients, MD Anderson-led study finds. Mark Gilbert, M.D., professor in Neuro-Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Minesh Mehta, M.D., Ph.D., chairman of Radiation Oncology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, discuss their study in the front line setting for the treatment of glioblastoma.

“Being a senior does not necessarily mean that you’re old,” says Beatrice Edwards, M.D., associate professor in geriatric medicine at MD Anderson Cancer Center. “Yet, it’s important for elderly cancer patients to have their functional status evaluated in order to achieve successful cancer treatment outcomes.” In this podcast, Edwards shares tips on healthy aging for older adults and explains the role that a geriatrician can play in cancer treatment and survivorship.

Dogs share similar characteristics and lifestyles to human beings since both have been cohabitating for thousands of years. Because of this, canines have also developed cancers much like those of humans. Laurence Cooper, M.D., Ph.D., professor in Pediatrics at MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Texas A&M’s veterinary school, have teamed up to study oncology across species with hopes of finding positive results that can be applied to humans and animals alike. Current research focuses on dogs, but plans are to expand it to include other animals. In this podcast, Cooper explains this comparative oncology and discusses his research with canine/human T cells for lymphoma patients.

How do you tell a child their loved one is dying or has a terminal illness? There’s no one way, but Morgan Henry, a social work counselor at MD Anderson Cancer Center, works with families to help children cope when their loved one has a poor prognosis. Henry shares insights on how and when to start that conversation, how to answer kids’ questions, when to bring in a grief counselor and how to prepare the child for what’s next.

Attentive dental care is critical for cancer patients. Before beginning cancer treatment, patients should address pre-existing oral conditions and infections. During treatment, conditions may arise, such as chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (mouth lining breaks down forming ulcers); xerostomia (dry mouth); and poor blood flow which may result in bone rot causing jaw fractures. It’s important for cancer survivors to see their dentists regularly, too. Mark Chambers, D.M.D., professor in Head and Neck Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, gives an overview for cancer patients on what they need to know about their oral health before, during and after cancer treatment.

Male breast cancer accounts for approximately one percent of all breast cancer cases diagnosed in the United States each year. Listen to male breast cancer patient, Oliver Bogler, Ph.D.and his MD Anderson Cancer Center oncologist, Sharon Giordano, M.D., talk about male breast cancer, including the research, treatment, and Bogler’s experience as a “man in pink.”

Hospitalists at MD Anderson Cancer Center are internal medicine physicians who care for very ill hospitalized patients. Working closely with oncologists, they help patients manage other existing diseases and side effects of cancer treatment. Josiah Halm, M.D., and Maria-Claudia Campagna, M.D., both assistant professors in the Department of General Internal Medicine, discuss their roles as hospitalists at a major cancer center.

What is energy balance? It may sound like a strange term, but it basically means equalizing the amount of calories you take in with how much you burn through exercise, metabolism and body processes. Since obesity is one of the leading causes of cancer, Carrie Daniel-MacDougall, Ph.D., M.P.H. and Susan Schembre, Ph.D., R.D., both assistant professors in Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences at MD Anderson Cancer Center, study behaviors and biological processes associated with linking energy balance to cancer risk and survival. Listen to Daniel-MacDougall and Schembre share advice on how you can get the proper balance between eating and exercise to stay healthy.

Desmoid tumors, also known as "aggressive fibromatosis," develop from fibroblasts which are found throughout the body. Desmoid tumors may become life threatening when they constrict vital organs such as kidneys, lungs or intestines. Some physicians consider desmoid tumors non-cancerous since they do not metastasize, but there is a danger of undertreating. Raphael Pollock, M.D., Ph.D., professor of Surgical Oncology at MD Anderson, explains this extremely rare cancer and its relationship to familial adenomatous polyposis (Gardner’s Syndrome).

Hypnosis is an artificially produced state of consciousness which allows for greater responsiveness to suggestion. Ian Lipski M.D., associate professor in Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at MD Anderson Cancer Center, uses medical hypnosis to help patients manage cancer treatment side effects like anxiety, fear and pain. Medical hypnosis shifts the focus of power away from the medical staff and gives the patient control over his/her cognizance. Learn how Dr. Lipski helps patients at MD Anderson prepare for surgery and medical procedures by using medical hypnosis.

Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and is the most common cancer of women’s reproductive organs. Over 40,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with uterine cancer each year. Shannon Westin, M.D., assistant professor in Gynecologic Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center discusses symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and current research for uterine cancer.

African American women less likely to receive improved surgical procedure for breast cancer

African American women with early stage, invasive breast cancer were 13 percent less likely than Caucasian women with the same diagnosis to receive a minimally invasive technique, axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, years after the procedure had become the standard of surgical care, according to research from MD Anderson Cancer Center. The older technique, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), is associated with a higher rate of lymphedema and worse outcome. Dalliah Black, M.D., assistant professor in Surgical Oncology and Benjamin Smith, M.D., assistant professor in Radiation Oncology at MD Anderson, discuss their findings.

Deborah Kuban, M.D., professor, and Benjamin Smith, M.D., assistant professor, both in Radiation Oncology at MD Anderson, discuss a study examining the emergence of integrated urology-radiation oncology practices in Texas. They discovered prostate cancer patients generally travel further for treatment at the radiation oncology facility owned by their urologist, as opposed to traveling to the closest non-integrated facility. Kuban and Smith explain these findings.

Advanced Care Planning (ACP) – communicating end of life choices in advance

Advanced care planning is not about giving up, emphasizes Katherine Pisters, M.D., professor in Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, and Donna Zhukovsky, M.D., professor in Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, both at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Rather, it’s a way for cancer patients to tell their loved ones what’s important to them as they approach the end of life. MD Anderson’s new advance care planning program makes the patient’s whole health care team aware of his/her goals, spiritual values and wishes. Pisters and Zhukovsky discuss this pilot initiative.

Around 15,000 people in the United States are diagnosed each year with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). MDS occurs when the bone marrow does not properly produce one or more of the following: red blood cells, white blood cells and/or platelets. In the past it was thought MDS was only deadly when it developed into acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), but current research shows MDS can be fatal without reaching the stage of AML. Guillermo Garcia-Manero, M.D., professor in Leukemia, explains the basics, diagnosis, treatment and new therapies for myelodysplastic syndrome. MDS is part of MD Anderson’s Moon Shots Program; is a highly-concentrated effort to rapidly and dramatically decrease suffering and death in several major cancers.

The time has come to say, “Your cancer is terminal and you need to get your life in order.” Who has this difficult job and how can they help ease the pain? David Hui, M.D., medical director of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, and Chaplain Steven Thorney, are part of MD Anderson’s Supportive Care Center. Here they help patients get their physical and emotional symptoms under control and work with them to establish end-of-life goals. In this podcast, Hui and Thorney reflect on ways they support and comfort patients as they near their passing.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurs when too many immature blood cells are produced by the bone marrow. Anemia, infection and bleeding may result and become life threatening. Guillermo Garcia-Manero, M.D., professor in Leukemia at MD Anderson Cancer Center, explains the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Acute myeloid leukemia.

Inspired by America’s drive a generation ago to put a man on the moon, MD Anderson’s Moon Shots Program is a highly-concentrated effort to rapidly and dramatically decrease suffering and death in several major cancers, including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); lung; melanoma; prostate and two cancers linked at the molecular level: triple-negative breast and ovarian. Focused teams are building on new technology and scientific knowledge that has rapidly expanded in recent years. What is learned with the first moon shot cancers will advance knowledge for all others. Ronald DePinho, M.D., president of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, shares more about this program that’s unprecedented in scope and ambition for a single institution.

More than 50% of palliative care cancer patients have serious issues with constipation leading to emergency room visits. It’s important for cancer patients to bring up concerns about constipation with their oncologists, but some are reluctant, says Knox Todd, M.D., department chair in Emergency Medicine at MD Anderson. In this podcast, Todd discusses causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer-related constipation and makes suggestions for how to avoid associated emergency room visits.

Shane Leonard was a high school student who had to give up a coveted engineering internship to be treated for salivary gland cancer at MD Anderson Cancer Center. It turned out to be one of the best experiences of his life. During Leonard’s treatment at MD Anderson’s Proton Therapy Center, he formed a bond with Richard Amos, senior medical physicist. Leonard’s mentoring experience at MD Anderson helped him become a much sought-after college applicant, and he received a full paid scholarship to Stanford University. Leonard and Amos discuss their journey together.

Multiple myeloma is a cancer caused by malignant plasma cells. Plasma cells help the human body fight infection, but when they multiply out of control, the myeloma cells overpower the bone’s healthy cells causing harmful side effects; such as bone fractures and infections. Sheeba Thomas, M.D., assistant professor in Lymphoma/Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the basics, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment options for this rare cancer.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare form of blood cancer belonging to the disease group classified as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Only 3-6% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cases in the United States are MCL. Michael Wang, M.D., associate professor, and Jorge Romaguera, M.D., professor, both in Lymphoma/Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss this disease that forms in the lymph node region known as the mantle zone.

Melanoma is on the rise in the United States. In the United States 2011, one person died of melanoma every hour. Learn to protect yourself from melanoma and know skin cancer warning signs. Ana Mercedes Ciurea, M.D., assistant professor in Dermatology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses these topics as well as shares what population is most susceptible to developing melanoma.

A study published in the June Lancet Oncology reports early stage breast cancer patients who produce circulating tumor cells (CTC) may be at greater risk for breast cancer recurrence. Until now, lymph node biopsy has been the best predictor of prognosis. More research is needed to learn how to apply this new discovery, but the study is a step forward in understanding what is happening biologically. Anthony Lucci, M.D., professor, and Isabelle Bedrosian, M.D., associate professor, both in Surgical Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss their research.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) differs from traditional radiation therapy for cancer patients. Treatment takes less time (four days versus seven weeks), it’s double the radiation dose and it spares the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor. SBRT is commonly used to treat lung and pancreatic cancers, as well as cancers that have spread to the liver, lung, adrenal glands and spine. Joe Chang, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor in Radiation Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, explains why this treatment may be best option for some cancer patients, and gives reasons why MD Anderson is the leader in SBRT treatment.

A peptide vaccine appears to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence in women with varying levels of HER2 expression, according to research presented at this year’s Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). This vaccine educates the immune system to recognize HER2 as an invader. After years of false starts, immunotherapy is a burgeoning and promising field for cancer discovery. Elizabeth Mittendorf, M.D. in Surgical Oncology and Patrick Hwu, M.D., professor and chair of Melanoma Medical Oncology, both at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss the new findings as well as ongoing vaccine research in other cancers.

About 20% of colon cancer cases are related to a strong family history of colon cancer. Eduardo Vilar-Sanchez, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor in the Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, focuses his discussion on the main types of genetic colon cancers including hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome or HNPCC (also called Lynch syndrome) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

Beverly Gor, Ed.D., postdoctoral fellow in the Center for Health Equity and Evaluation Research at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses healthy lifestyle choices you can make for your children to help prevent the development of certain adult cancers; such as prostate, breast and colon. Gor stresses the importance of healthy nutrition and exercise to reduce the risk of developing cancer later in life.

Valerae Lewis, M.D., Associate Professor in The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, discusses the many surgery options for bone cancer patients. Limb salvage surgery replaces the cancerous bone with either a bone graft from another person (allowgraft), a metal implant or a combination of the two (allo-prosthetic). After amputation of the lower leg, rotationplasty moves the ankle joint to where the knee once was to function as the knee joint. MD Anderson is highly experienced in treating bone cancer specializing in less invasive procedures that have minimum impact on your body’s appearance.

Amy Heimberger, M.D., Associate Professor in the Department Neurosurgery at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the basics, history and the incidence of brain cancer. She is joined by Gail Goodwin, MD Anderson employee and brain cancer survivor, and Lanie Rose, founder of Run for the Rose (annual run raising funds for brain cancer research) for an engaging discussion about new advances in brain cancer research and how there is hope for more long-term brain cancer survivors.

Bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) is rare. There are 4,000 – 5,000 newly-diagnosed cases in the United States each year, and the numbers are growing. It’s important to get the disease treated at a multidisplinary facility that specializes in bile duct cancer. Thomas Aloia, M.D., Assistant Professor in Surgical Oncology; Boris Blechacz, M.D., Assistant Professor in the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; and Milind Javle, M.D., Associate Professor in the Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, all at The University of Texas MD Anderson, discuss the basics including treatment, and surgery options for bile duct cancer patients.

New cancer research for stage 1 lung cancer is being investigated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. It’s led by Jack Roth, M.D., professor in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. This clinical trial called STARS (Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Verses Surgery) compares a new type of radiation treatment with a traditional surgery approach. Roth describes this promising new treatment and explains how lung cancer patients may get involved.

Uveal melanoma is a very rare cancer that forms on the eye’s skin tissue, usually in the back part of the eye under the retina (choroid). Sapna Patel, M.D., Assistant Professor in the Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the causes, symptoms and treatment of uveal melanoma. Patel also explains why it is important for everyone to have their eyes examined, even if your vision is 20/20.

Fertility Issues for Parents to Consider before Child’s Cancer Treatment

The best way to preserve your child’s fertility during cancer treatment depends on age, sex and if the child has reached puberty. This concern is best addressed before cancer treatment starts. Anna Franklin, M.D., Assistant Professor, and Donna Bell, Advanced Nurse Practitioner, both in the Department of Pediatrics Patient Care at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss ways to preserve your child’s fertility and offer helpful resources

Proton therapy has several advantages in treating liver cancer over traditional radiation therapy. Since the proton beam is so exact, larger dosages of radiation can be applied to the affected area, while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. Proton therapy also successfully addresses technical challenges, including liver movement during treatment when the patient breathes. Christopher Crane, M.D., Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses proton therapy as well as other options available to liver cancer patients.

CYCORE (Cyberinfrastructure for Comparative Effectiveness Research) was a clinical trial conducted by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego and University of Alabama at Birmingham, that studied the use of sensing devices to wirelessly send health-related data from the patient’s home to the cancer research facility. The purpose of this study is for other researchers to use CYCORE’s technology to gather more detailed information in their own clinical trials. Susan Peterson, Ph.D., M.P.H., lead investigator on the study and associate professor in the Department of Behavioral Science at MD Anderson, discusses the results.

Childhood leukemia is the most common childhood cancer with more than 3,500 children in the U.S. diagnosed each year. Patrick Zweidler-McKay, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Children’s Cancer Hospital, talks about symptoms, diagnoses and treatment of this blood disease. Zweidler-McKay also discusses health problems that may occur decades after treatment and encourages long term follow-up doctor visits.

The number of new throat cancer cases in the United States has jumped by 125% in the last two decades. The main reason for this alarming increase in throat cancer HPV (Human Papillomavirus), the same virus that causes cervical cancer. Floyd Christopher Holsinger, M.D., Associate Professor of Head and Neck Surgery at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses this topic as well as other causes, diagnoses, and treatment options for throat cancer, including the minimally invasive surgical technique called robotic thyroidectomy.

Old age is the main focus of a geriatrician, a doctor who is board certified in medicine and in geriatrics. Patients faced with old age and cancer have a lot to deal with, especially managing drug intake. Holly Holmes, M.D., Assistant Professor in the Department of General Internal Medicine and a certified geriatrician at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, states her main focus is to help the senior cancer patient remain as functional and independent as possible. Being old in years does not mean you are old mentally and physically, so Holmes works with each patient individually.

An anti-obesity drug that homes in on and destroys blood vessels that support fat reduced the weight of obese rhesus monkeys by 11 percent in one month. It also trimmed their waistlines by eradicating 27 percent of their abdominal fat. Obesity raises a person’s risk for developing breast, ovarian, prostate, colon and other cancers and also hinders treatment for cancer patients. Scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center who developed the drug discuss results of the study published in Science Translational Medicine.

Proton therapy treatment for brain tumors is the best option for certain cases of brain tumors. Proton therapy causes fewer side effects than traditional radiation and major long term complications are avoided. Radiation is delivered as a proton beam directly to the brain tumor site, sparing healthy tissue. Proton therapy treatment should especially be considered if the affected area includes both the brain and spine (craniospinal). Paul Brown, M.D., Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, answers questions about brain tumors and proton therapy, including what brain tumors are best treated with proton therapy.

Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma are the most common bone tumors found in children. In the past, amputation was the preferred method for removing tumors, but now there are less invasive bone cancer surgery options available. Valerae Lewis, M.D., Associate Professor in the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, discusses limb salvage surgery using an expandable prostheses, rotationplasty (the ankle functions as the knee), distraction osteogenesis (regrowing bone), and amputation (still best option for some patients). Lewis stresses how important it is for the child to be involved in the procedure decision.

Erectile dysfunction is an adverse side effect for many prostate cancer patients that often causes unhappiness for the man’s partner as well. Leslie Schover, Ph.D., professor in the Department of Behavioral Science at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, recently completed a clinical trial studying the effectiveness of counseling through face-to-face interaction verses counseling using the Internet only. The study, called Counseling About Regaining Erections and Sexual Satisfaction (CAREss), not only counseled the patient but also the female counterpart with the goal of both partners finding satisfaction through their sexual interaction. Dr. Schover discusses the trial, explains what is next, and offers advice on sexual fulfillment for couples dealing with cancer.

Hope for Restored Sexual Function for Prostate Cancer Patients and their Partners

Reliability of firm erections after prostate cancer surgery generally is not a common occurrence. Also, some cancer patient partners are not very sexually motivated anymore for a number of reasons including frustration from erectile dysfunction. Leslie Schover, Ph.D., professor in the Department of Behavioral Science at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses her clinical trial called Counseling About Regaining Erections and Sexual Satisfaction (CAREss).

Leslie Schover, Ph.D., professor in the Department of Behavioral Science at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, explains her findings from the clinical trial, Counseling About Regaining Erections and Sexual Satisfaction (CAREss). The results examine which group, face-to-face or Internet, had a better sex counseling experience, and also assesses if the partner received improved sexual function as well as the male prostate cancer patient

Vulvar cancer is rare, with around 4,000 women in the United States diagnosed each year. Doctors often misdiagnose vulvar cancer as an abscess, but if caught early it is highly curable with little disfigurement or sexual dysfunction. Charles Levenback, M.D., and Anuja Jhingran, M.D., both professors in the Department of Gynecologic Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss the basics, diagnoses and treatment of vulvar cancer.

Vaginal cancer is rare, with 2,000 new cases diagnosed in the United States each year. Along with cervix and vulvar cancers, the most common cause of vaginal cancer is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Charles Levenback, M.D., and Anuja Jhingran, M.D., both professors in the Department of Gynecologic Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss the basics, diagnoses, and treatment for vaginal cancer.

Most rare among all childhood cancers, osteosarcoma affects about 400 children in the United States every year under the age of 20, most being adolescents. Najat Daw, M.D., Professor, and Dennis Hughes, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, both in the Division of Pediatrics at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss symptoms, treatment, and upcoming research on this pediatric bone cancer.

Is it true that people with darker pigmented skin are not as subject to skin cancer? Susan Chon, M.D., Assistant Professor in the Department of Dermatology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, answers this question and also gives sun safety tips for all skin tones.

Endocrine tumors include thyroid, adrenal, pituitary and parathyroid glands. Although usually not fatal, childhood endocrine tumors can cause complications with child’s growth, metabolism and sexual development. Steven Waguespack, M.D., Associate Professor and Deputy Chair of Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses this rare childhood disease as well as his patient care role in the Department of Pediatrics.

Rare in the United States, tongue cancer is the most common cancer in India due to the social custom of eating gutka (mixture containing tobacco). Lifestyle choices are the main cause of tongue cancer. There are usually little or no symptoms. Ann Gillenwater, M.D., Professor in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery at MD Anderson Cancer Center, talks the talk about tongue cancer’s diagnosis, treatment and side effects.

Andrea Smith Johnson, community representative in Blood Donor Services at MD Anderson Cancer Center, describes the four components of blood, the function of white blood cells, and how donating white blood cells is very different than whole blood donations.

The esophagus is a difficult organ to treat with radiation therapy since it is so close to the heart, lungs, and spine. Proton Therapy allows the radiation oncologist to only target the cancer cells, sparing surrounding tissues. Daniel Gomez, M.D., Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology, discusses this treatment option for esophagus cancer and gives general facts and statistics about the disease.

Deborah Mac Farlane, M.D., Director of MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Mohs Unit in the Department of Dermatology, explains what makes Mohs micrographic surgery unique and why it is important to have this procedure done at a multidisciplinary center, where departments like Radiation Oncology, Diagnostic Imaging, Dermatology, Plastic Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery and Melanoma Medical Oncology collaborate to care for skin cancer patients.

The New England Journal of Medicine recently published the results of the National Lung Screening Trial led by the National Cancer Institute with MD Anderson Cancer Center a main participant. This first-of-its-kind study found computed tomography (CT) scans detect lung cancer at an earlier, more curable stage compared to traditional X-rays resulting in 20% fewer deaths. Reggie Munden, M.D., Professor in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Therese Bevers, M.D., Professor in the Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, discuss this breakthrough that has lead to the first screening for lung cancer.

In the next decade, the number of cancer patients in the United States who require radiation therapy will increase by 22%, while the number of full time radiation oncologists entering the workforce will increase by just 2%. In this podcast, Benjamin Smith, M.D., Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at MD Anderson, talks about his findings from his study of his serious issue.

Skull base tumors are rare. Only about 300 are diagnosed in the United States each year, and specific expertise is required for their treatment. Franco DeMonte, M.D., Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Neurosurgery at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses skull base tumor research, symptoms, diagnoses, and non-traditional surgery options.

At the MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center, physicians treat a variety of childhood cancers using a unique form of radiation that targets the tumor area directly and spares the surrounding healthy tissue. Anita Mahajan, M.D., Director of Pediatric Radiation Oncology, discusses the difference between proton therapy and traditional radiation, what types of cancers are treated at MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.

Scientists, led by Patrick Hwu, M.D., of MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Douglas Schwartzentruber, M.D., of Goshen Center for Cancer Care, have developed a vaccine for advanced melanoma. When combined with Interleuken-2, the cocktail stimulates the body’s immune system to recognize and ultimately fight cancer cells. Drs. Hwu and Schwartzentruber explain their findings, which are published in the New England Journal of Medicine, and discuss other recent advances in the treatment and research of this aggressive disease.

Phase 1 clinical trial. Customizing targeted therapies to each tumor’s molecular characteristics, instead of a one-size-fits-all approach by tumor type, may be more effective for some types of cancer, according to research conducted by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

On March 11, 2011, the tsunami following the 9.0 magnitude earthquake triggered a nuclear crisis in Fukushima, Japan. James Cox, M.D., professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, is an expert in radiation effects and shares his thoughts.

Many women and men develop lymphedema following cancer surgery. Its onset can occur as far out as two–five years later. Kathleen Smalky, M.D., associate professor in the Department of General Internal Medicine at MD Anderson Cancer Center, explains how lymphedema occurs, why self-care is important, and discusses what research is being conducted to help those who have this common condition.

Of the 50,000 people in the United States who are diagnosed with kidney cancer each year, 90% have renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Standard cancer treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation generally are ineffective when treating kidney tumors. MD Anderson Cancer Center is conducting new research to determine the best drug sequence for fighting this disease. Nizar Tannir, M.D., associate professor in the Genitourinary Medical Oncology department, discusses his kidney cancer clinical trial, Sequential Two-agent Assessment in Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy (the START trial), as well as provides facts about the disease.

Not Just in Your Head – Salivary Gland Cancer Is Rare But Real - April 25, 2011

Salivary glands are what produce saliva in the mouth, and are the first to aid digestion of food. With little information on this disease and less than 1% of all cancers diagnosed in the United States being of the salivary gland, these tumors are best managed by experienced clinicians. Michael Kupferman, M.D., assistant professor in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery at MD Anderson Cancer Center, talks about salivary gland cancer as well as the commonalities between salivary ductal and breast cancers.

Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent and persistent problem after cancer treatment. Leslie Schover, Ph.D., professor, and Elaine Schneider, research nurse, in Behavioral Science at MD Anderson Cancer Center, have created an internet-based, multimedia educational and counseling tool to promote recovery of sexual satisfaction in men treated for cancer. Schover and Schneider discuss their program, including treatments for erectile dysfunction, and give advice for cancer patients’ sexual partners.

Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the toughest brain tumors to treat and also is one of the most aggressive. Paul Brown, M.D., professor in Radiation Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses a ground-breaking clinical trial that treats glioblastoma with intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Also in this podcast, Brown explains other new discoveries in adult and childhood brain cancer research and the importance of a skilled proton therapy center.

New research shows most women receiving a mastectomy for breast cancer also have breast reconstruction. In 2007, 63% of patients received breast reconstruction, up from 46% in 1998. The new study shows women receiving radiation are less likely to get reconstruction; there are geographic variations for those undergoing the procedures; and more women are getting implants rather than using tissue from other parts of their bodies. Senior author Benjamin Smith, M.D., associate professor in Radiation Oncology, and author Steven Kronowitz, M.D., professor in Plastic Surgery, both at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss their findings.

Breast cancer, ovarian cancer and colon cancer are the most common cancer types that are tested for an inherited mutation. Banu Arun, M.D., professor of Breast Medical Oncology; Karen Lu, M.D., professor and chair of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; and Nancy You, M.D., assistant professor of Surgical Oncology and Affiliate Faculty; all part of MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, discuss the role of genetics in cancer.

Is it safe to exercise when you have cancer? Are there specific exercises that should be avoided or are there warning signs to stop your workout? Whether you’re an athlete or have never exercised, this advice is for the cancer patient/survivor who wants to increase longevity through exercise. Carol Harrison, senior exercise physiology technologist at MD Anderson Cancer Center, offers suggestions and shares information to help cancer survivors stay on track with their exercise programs.

Throat cancer is a general term, but it is often used to refer to cancer of the pharynx and larynx. These tumors are becoming more prevalent in young patients due to exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) through sexual contact. Steven Frank, M.D., medical director for the Proton Therapy Center at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses how head and neck cancers, primarily throat cancer, can be treated using proton therapy radiation, while sparing nearby healthy tissues and minimizing side effects. Frank also discusses new research and the importance of an expert team of medical professionals.

Myeloid leukemia (AML) involves an overgrowth of immature blood cells while myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) concerns the bone marrow producing too few blood cells. MD Anderson Cancer Center is the world’s largest and most innovative practice for treating AML and MDS. Guillermo Garcia-Manero, M.D., professor in Leukemia at MD Anderson, discusses achievements made with this MD Anderson Moon Shots platform, including new research with immunotherapy and ways to make stem cell transplantation less toxic.

The moon shot for breast and ovarian cancer focuses on two diseases: triple-negative breast cancer and high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Jennifer Litton, M.D., associate professor of Breast Medical Oncology, and Shannon Westin, M.D., assistant professor of Gynecologic and Reproductive Medicine, discuss several new and exciting projects underway that can quickly make a difference in the detection and treatment of these cancers.

The number of thyroid cancer cases is growing each year and it’s unclear why. In the United States, there were about 60,000 new thyroid cancer cases (45,310 in women, and 14,910 in men) in 2013. Thyroid cancer has a high cure rate, but it’s important to go to a specialized, multidisciplinary center to ensure proper care. Naifa Busaidy, M.D., associate professor in Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses all forms of thyroid cancer: follicular, hurthle cell carcinoma, medullary and anaplastic.

Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML) involves an overgrowth of immature blood cells, while myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) happen when the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells. MD Anderson Cancer Center is the world’s largest practice for treating AML and MDS. Guillermo Garcia-Manero, M.D., professor in Leukemia at MD Anderson, discusses milestones made with this MD Anderson moon shots, including new research with immunotherapy and ways to make stem cell transplantation less toxic.

Cancer immunotherapy treats the immune system rather than the tumor. Jim Allison, Ph.D., professor in Immunology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, has developed an innovative approach that will open doors for treating all types of cancer. Padmanee Sharma, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor in Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Immunology, is lead scientist on immunotherapy clinical trials. Listen to Allison and Sharma discuss their collaboration on MD Anderson’s Moon Shots Program to develop therapies that unleash patient’s immune systems to attack their cancers.

When diffuse large b-cell lymphoma returns after the cancer patient is initially treated, it is called relapsed diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). If this happens, other therapies besides the standard R-CHOP (chemotherapy drugs cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) may be successful in fighting the disease. Jason Westin, M.D., assistant professor in Lymphoma/Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses these therapies, including high dose chemotherapy combined with stem cell transplantation, as well as clinical trials for relapsed diffuse large b-cell lymphoma.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia. Michael Keating, M.D., professor in Leukemia at MD Anderson Cancer Center and one of the leaders in the CLL Moon Shot, discusses new advances in treating CLL, including alternatives to chemotherapy and using one’s own immune system to fight this disease.

Cases of melanoma and deaths from this form of skin cancer are on the rise. MD Anderson is ideally suited to tackle this growing challenge because of our unparalleled resources and capabilities. Michael Davies, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of Melanoma Medical Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the recent advances made in the organization’s Melanoma Moon Shot program.

MD Anderson Cancer Center is the first hospital in the United States to implement a new technology that will greatly improve chemotherapy quality control. Our main goal is patient safety. Kelley Reece, assistant manager in Pharmacy, explains how this software helps standardize the delivery of care across technicians and clinics. She also gives a behind the scenes look at how chemotherapy drugs are individually prepared for each unique patient.

MD Anderson Cancer Center now has a more strategic approach to treating ovarian cancer which results in a 68% higher rate of removing the whole cancer tumor. Previously, all new ovarian cancer patients would undergo surgery to explore the extent of the disease and remove as much of it as possible. Under this new protocol, all patients undergo this procedure to determine if chemotherapy may shrink the tumor before surgery. Anil Sood, M.D., professor of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine at MD Anderson, explains.

You can reduce your cancer risk by following these simple guidelines from Ernest Hawk, M.D., vice president of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Many diseases can be avoided by changing your lifestyle. Learn what you can reduce your risk for cancer.

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD), which is also referred to as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC), is a rare complication of cancer where the disease spreads to the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Having a diagnosis of LMD may feel grim, but Cynthia Weisinger, a LMD and stage four breast cancer patient at MD Anderson Cancer Center, represents hope. Cynthia was diagnosed with LMD by Ivo Tremont, M.D., assistant professor of Neuro-Oncology, in October 2013 and is now receiving maintenance LMD treatment. Listen as they discuss this rare disease and how together they cope with LMD.

Acoustic neuroma is a benign (not cancerous) tumor that forms in the head cavity. Acoustic neuroma generally affects hearing, balance and facial nerves. Although acoustic neuroma is not cancer, tumors can be dangerous if they grow large and press against the brainstem or brain. Paul Gidley, M.D., and Franco DeMonte, M.D., both professors in Head and Neck Surgery at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss advances in treatment and detection of acoustic neuroma, including the use of MRIs and the gamma knife radiosurgery.

MD Anderson Cancer Center has a program focused on minimally invasive surgery that includes patient care, training for health care professionals and research into new minimally invasive and robotic surgical advances. Called MINTOS (Minimally Invasive New Technologies for Oncologic Surgery), the program also involves perioperative telemedicine aimed at extending specialized surgical care to underserved communities using mobile technologies. Surena Matin, M.D., medical director for MINTOS, and Jermaine McMillan, program manager, tell us more about this program’s collaborative efforts.

Gallbladder cancer is often misdiagnosed as liver cancer and is difficult to detect early since there are no symptoms at onset. Approximately 5,000 cases are diagnosed in the United States each year, but incidence is increasing with young Latinos in the southern part of the country. Listen to Milind Javle, M.D., associate professor in Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, explain risk factors, treatment, and why it’s important to be seen for gallbladder cancer at a specialized cancer hospital.

During cancer treatment, adverse nerve and muscular side effects are common. Unfortunately, there is no treatment that will prevent these conditions, but there are therapies to help relieve these side effects. Ivo Tremont, M.D., and Karin Woodman, M.D., both assistant professors in Neuro-Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discuss some of the common neurologic and muscular disorders that patients may experience during cancer treatment, and what can be done to help.

Minimally invasive, or endoscopic, surgery takes advantage of advances in computer imaging and robotics to provide effective surgical cancer treatment with a much smaller impact on the patient. Surena Matin, M.D., medical director of the Minimally Invasive and New Technology in Oncologic Surgery (MINTOS) Collaborative Group at MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses treatment options using this treatment option for diseases such as prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer and gynecologic cancers.

Yoga nidra (sleep yoga) is the state of sleep with awareness that is executed in the asana (lying down) position. Achieving restful sleep is a primary aid in helping patients get through cancer treatment. For many, slowing down the mind at bedtime is difficult. Yoga nidra retains your system to reach states of deep relaxation after stressful periods. Smitha Mallaiah, mind/body intervention specialist in Integrative Medicine at MD Anderson Cancer Center, explains what research is being done at MD Anderson with yoga nidra.

Ongoing clinical research at MD Anderson is finding promising new therapies for a rare and aggressive type of lymphoma that becomes resistant to treatment. Although mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) currently has no cure, combinations of new targeted therapy drugs are dramatically improving survival and treatment response rates for MCL patients. MD Anderson lymphoma specialists Jorge Romaguera, M.D. and Michael Wang, M.D., discuss these mantle cell lymphoma treatments and their search for new pathways that may lead to a cure.