3
During the use of mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume, the exceeding CO 2 arising from this “protective” technique is to be removed to avoid Acidosis. Low tidal volume High tidal volume

4
ARF (Acute Respiratory Failure) It’s an alteration in alveolar ventilation and / or a difficulty in pulmonary gas exchange, which can be determined by insufficient transport of oxygen to the tissues or by insufficient utilization of oxygen by peripheral tissues ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) ARDS is a severe acute respiratory failure resulting from pulmonary edema caused by increased permeability of the alveolar capillary barrier. ARDS is a specific lung disease, it is rather a severe pulmonary dysfunction due to underlying lung disease (sepsis, trauma, pneumonia).

5
Heart Kidney Brain CO 2 spreads from tissues and is moved to the alveolar capillaries in 3 different ways: from about 3 to 5% in a physically diluted form (solubility 0,00069 mL/mL/mmHg) from about 7 to 10% bound to the Hb through a carbaminic bind (carbo-hemoglobin) More than 80% “interacts” in the red blood cell to turn into HCO 3 - in the plasmatic water How is CO 2 distributed?

9
The adverse reaction arises when the blood oxygenation causes an increase in the acidity of Hb and it involves the following: A decrease in the buffer capacity with a release of ions H+ Hence: H + + HCO 3 - -> H 2 CO 3 -> H CO 2. And the CO 2 in excess is released How is CO 2 expelled ?

10
A decrease in the strength of the carbaminic binds between Hb and CO 2 allows the release of CO 2 by 7-10% transferred in the form of carbo-hemoglobin Inside capillaries the effect leads to a higher intake of CO 2 in blood because O 2 is released from Hb Inside pulmonary alveoli the effect leads to a higher output of CO 2 from blood due to the fact that the Hb binds with O 2 How is CO 2 expelled ?

11

12
The inclination of the solubility curve between 40 and 45 mmHg is 0,0045 (mL/mL)/mmHg Less than half of CO 2 released in lungs is due to the 5 mmHg excursion down the venous dissociation curve. The release of the remaining CO 2 occurs due to the downwards shift of the dissociation curve, meaning the Haldane effect occurring when the pO 2 changes from 40 mmHg (75% of O 2 saturation) to 100 mmHg (100% O 2 saturation)

13
The total quantity of CO2 in blood is proportional to its partial pressure

14
The factors that shift the dissociation curve of Hb With the same value of pO2 we have greater or lesser percentage of saturation of Hb

15
The factors that shift the dissociation curve of Hb With the same value of pO2 we have greater or lesser percentage of saturation of Hb