Vietnam recognized the independence of Belarus on December 27th 1991. Vietnam and Belarus established official diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level on January 24th 1992. On January 24th 2007, the two sides celebrated 15th anniversary of diplomatic relations establishment. Belarus established its embassy in Hanoi in 1998. Vietnam established its embassy in Belarus in October 2003 and sent its resident ambassador to Belarus in March 2005.

Political ties between the two countries follow the tradition of friendship and cooperation. The two sides have exchanged their high-level delegations: President Lukashenko (April 1997), Prime Minister Sidorski (November 2004) and Chairman of the Council of the Republic G. V. Novitski paid official visits to Vietnam;

State President Tran Duc Luong (August 1998), Prime Minister Phan Van Khai (September 2000) and Secretary-General Nong Duc Manh (October 2002), and National Assembly Chairman Nguyen Van An (January 2003) paid official visits to Belarus. Many important cooperation documents were signed during their visits, which laid a strong legal foundation to promote Vietnam-Belarus relationships in all fields.

The trade turnover between the two countries reached USD 49.4 mil. in 2006, an increase of USD 7 mil. compared to that in 2005. Main exports from Vietnam to Belarus are natural rubber, rice, seafood, tea and cashew nuts, and imports from Belarus to Vietnam are potassium fertilizer, mining trucks, tractors, spare parts and motorbikes.

In December 2005, the Vietnam-Belarus inter-governmental committee for economic-trade cooperation met in Hanoi for the 5th review meeting. The 6th one is expected to be held in Minsk, September 2007.

During the Soviet era, Belarus trained a number of Vietnamese students and scientists. At present, about 700 Vietnamese people are living and doing business in Belarus.