Aminoaciduria

Aminoaciduria: Description, Causes and Risk Factors:Aminoaciduria is an abnormal amount of amino acids in the urine. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins in the body. The term aminoaciduria is applied when more than 5% of the filtered load is detected in the urine. It may result from an inherited metabolic abnormality, in which case the aminoaciduria is a permanent finding, or it may be an acquired abnormality which may either be transient or become permanent.Three distinct groups of inherited aminoacidurias are distinguished, based on the net charge of the target amino acids at neutral pH:Acidic (negative charge).

Basic (positive charge).

Neutral (no charge).

Types:A deficiency in an enzyme resulting in a defect of amino acid metabolism is referred to as primary aminoaciduria.

Defects in molecular transporters responsible for transport and absorption of an amino acid are classified as secondary aminoaciduria.

Both types of aminoaciduria may be inherited, mostly in an autosomal recessive pattern, but some may be acquired secondary to several diseases such as hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma, osteomalacia, rickets, and viral hepatitis.Transient aminoacidurias may occur during the diuretic phase after acute renal insufficiency, or as a result of a deficiency of potassium.Aminoacidurias of longer duration occur as a result of poisoning with heavy metals, particularly cadmium and uranium, but also with lead or mercury.There is aminoaciduria found in patients with Wilson's disease; it is associated with the toxic effect of copper on the renal tubule, which characteristically accumulates in patients with this disease.Under normal circumstances, the renal tubules reabsorb in excess of 93% of the amino acids filtered from the plasma, influenced by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). When the filtered load of amino acids is increased, there is an increase in both the amounts reabsorbed and those excreted. However, the ability of the renal tubule to respond to an increased filtered load of amino acids is so great that a maximum rate of reabsorption has not been found in the human. In some instances, the aminoaciduria is generalised; there is increased excretion of all of the amino acids occurring in the plasma. In other instances, the aminoaciduria is more specific, in that there are increased amounts of some amino acids in the urine while all others are excreted in normal amounts. Secondary or 'overflow' aminoaciduria can also be seen in conditions in which there is hyperaminoacidaemia.Symptoms:Clinical symptoms include a light-sensitive skin rash, cerebellar ataxia, and occasional psychotic symptoms. They are not observed in all patients and usually cease after childhood when the demand of amino acids for protein biosynthesis decreases. Iminoglycinuria is a benign syndrome, defined by elevated amounts of proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine in the urine. The disorder is genetically complex. Because of the lack of clinical symptoms, iminoglycinuric individuals have only been identified during urine mass screening programs in the US, Canada, and Australia. Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria also appears to be a largely benign syndrome and is thought to arise from mutations in the apical aspartate/glutamate transporter EAAC1.Diagnosis:An Aminoaciduria test is done to screen the increased levels of amino acid in urine which indicates possible errors of metabolism caused by enzyme deficiency.A clear sample of urine is necessary to conduct this test. It is done at a pathological testing laboratory.Before this test is taken, another test is taken 24-hours before this test. This test takes a quantitative urine chromatography which is necessary to measure the elevated levels of specific amino acids.Increased level of amino acids is also shown in the blood plasma.If the test is performed early on young infants and the defect is treated, severe mental retardation can be prevented in the infant.Early tests may prevent many disorders like alkaptonuria, cystinosis, galactosemia, rickets, Wilson's disease and other metabolism related disorders.Since this disorder is also common among neonates, it is essential to perform the test only after the neonate has ingested dietary protein. But, it is difficult to perform this test on the neonate since the neonate would not always consume protein diet.Treatment:There is no known cure for aminoaciduria. Aminoaciduria is often treated with a restrictive diet, to minimize or eliminate exposure to a particular amino acid.Treatment options may include:Diet restrictions.

NOTE: The above information is for processing purpose. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.DISCLAIMER: This information should not substitute for seeking responsible, professional medical care.

The first randomized clinical trial, performed by the researchers from the University of Minnesota Medical School, shows that hydroxychloroquine is not able to prevent the development of COVID-19. The randomized placebo-controlled trial aimed to test if...

Scientists have successfully transplanted functional miniature livers into rats. The organs were grown in the lab from reprogrammed human skin cells donated by the volunteers. Researchers transplanted organs into five rats, and the tiny livers appeared to be...

[WpProQuiz 1]

Featured Products

No Results Found

The page you requested could not be found. Try refining your search, or use the navigation above to locate the post.

When it is so hot outside you still can find hundreds of ways to cool yourself and drinking a mocktail is one of them. Here are few wonderful recipes for you to try. Kiwi Sour 1 oz orange juice 3 slices kiwi 0.75 oz demerara green tea syrup 0.75 oz lime juice 1 oz...

Many people are motivated for active sports in spring. However, before you buy a membership, you should check which exercises are useful to you and which ones should not be done in any way. Unfortunately, nowadays there are practically no people with an absolutely...

In childhood, many of us dreamed of learning to jump high. Now, after years, it became easier - Kangoo Jumps has appeared. This is one of the relatively new, but quickly gaining popularity types of fitness training. There are several advantages of jumpers. ...

This website uses cookies to provide basic functionality and improved security. 3rd-party cookies are used to improve the browsing experience and targeted advertising. View our Privacy Policy. AcceptRejectRead More

Privacy & Cookies Policy

Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience.

Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.

Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.