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...The Introduction of Shipping Containers
Until the 1960s, shipping had not changed much in decades. Handling cargo was a labor-intensive activity, and transportation costs and times—whether by land or by sea—were huge obstacles to trade, often making transcontinental, let alone global, and trade economically unfeasible. However something happened that changed that. That was the invention of the shipping container.
The birth of the shipping container dates back to April 26, 1956 when a crane lifted fifty-eight aluminum truck bodies aboard an a ship called the Ideal-X docked in Newark, New Jersey. Five days later, the ship sailed in Houston, where fifty- eight trucks waited to take on the metal boxes and take them to their destinations. This heralded the beginning of a new era.
Decades have passed since that fateful day which changed the world. Today we live in a globalized world so it is very difficult for us to even imagine the extent to which the container changed the world. In 1956, China was not the world's workshop. It was not common to find Japanese electronics and cars in the middle of Dhaka. Western apparel brands didn’t have their products manufactured in Bangladesh either. Before the advent of the container, transporting goods was expensive. So expensive that it did not pay to ship many things halfway across the country, much less halfway around the world.
The introduction of the...

...INTRODUCTION
A container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles, for onward transportation. The transshipment may be between ships and land vehicles, for example trains or trucks, in which case the terminal is described as a maritime container terminal. Alternatively the transshipment may be between land vehicles, typically between train and truck, in which case the terminal is described as an inlandcontainer terminal.
Maritime container terminals tend to be part of a larger port, and the biggest maritime container terminals can be found situated around major harbours. Inlandcontainer terminals tend to be located in or near major cities, with good rail connections to maritime container terminals.
Both maritime and inlandcontainer terminals usually provide storage facilities for both loaded and empty containers. Loaded containers are stored for relatively short periods, for onward transportation, whilst unloaded containers may be stored for longer periods awaiting their next use. Containers are normally stacked for storage, and the resulting stores are known as container stacks.
In recent years methodological advances regarding...

...CONCEPT OF CONTAINERIZATION
The conteainerization is a physical distribution method that uses a container as a way of tranporting the cargo. Is an inter-modal system of transporting the general cargo or product in lots. With containerization goods are moved easier from one place to another with the help of the containers which can be loaded intact onto the container ships, trucks, railroad cars and planes. Nowadays, containerization is the innovative key in the field of logistics that helps to organize cargo in an efficient, better and save way.
Benefits of containerization
If you visit a port, you would notice that all shipping containers are very similar in form. The introduction of containerization has revolutionised the way cargo is handled. The standardization of container sizes, shapes, and forms lowered freight charges and costs.
Containerization also improved cargo security. First, the box effectively hides whatever cargo from the casual viewer. Next, the container doors are sealed upon closing. The doors also prevent the cargo from falling out the back of the box. Finally, uniformly sized shipping containers reduce railway cargo problems that are caused by incompatible rail measures in different countries, making trans-shipment between different measure trains faster and easier.
When transporting goods to an international location, there are many...

...﻿16 Types of Container Units and Designs for Shipping Cargo
Container units form the most integral part of the entire shipping industry, trade, and transport. These shipping containers are the structures that store various kinds of products that need to be shipped from one part of the world to another. Moving containers protect contents on the long journeys they make and ensure they make it back to you in one piece.
As such, depending on the type of products to be shipped or the special services needed from them, container units may vary in dimension, structure, materials, construction etc. various types of shipping containers are being used today to meet requirements of all kinds of cargo shipping. Some of the most common types of shipping containers in use today are mentioned below.
1. Dry storage container
The most commonly used shipping containers; they come in various dimensions standardized by ISO. They are used for shipping of dry materials and come in size of 20ft, 40 ft and 10ft.
2. Flat rack container
With collapsible sides, these are like simple storage shipping containers where the sides can be folded so as to make a flat rack for shipping of wide variety of goods.
3. Open top container
With a convertible top that can be completely removed to make an open top so that...

...of packages like bamboo baskets are still prevalent. Other types of packages generally used are wooden boxes and gunnysacks. Use of corrugated fiber board boxes is limited. Baskets besides being unhygienic also do not allow adequate aeration and convenience of easy handling and stocking. Better packaging should be of immediate value in reducing waste; for example edible packaging which can be eaten after using.
Milk packaging has had a good recycling rate in the past, with glass bottles having the ability to be reused up to 40 times before needing to be recycled. The majority of milk being sold through supermarkets where a variety of packaging formats have been used including Tetra Pak cartons and low density polyethylene plastic milk containers but the latest method of packaging is using plastic bags. The co-operative launched eco-pouches aimed at environmentally conscious customers who were trying to reduce the plastic garbage. As the initial response was positive, the milk bag was awarded the 'Best New Product' at the 2008 Green Business Awards. However, due to poor demand for the milk bags a lot of milk remained unsold, resulting in losses to the company so they stopped selling milk in eco pouches. While plastic milk cartons were declared to be recycled successfully, estimates suggested only one in four was recycled. It's now purchased in 1L bags to fit a reusable plastic jug, which must be purchased separately. The jug can fit into any refrigerator...

...OUTER BURIAL CONTAINERS
Outer burial container: any container which is designed for placement in the grave around the casket, including, but not limited to containers commonly known as burial vaults, grave boxes and grave liners. Provides ground support and may or may not limit the intrusion of outside elements.
o Materials: Metal, Concrete, Plastic
• Burial Vault: an outer enclosure which offers protection from the earth load as well as possessing sealing qualities.
o Purposes:
 Support the load of the earth
 Limit intrusion of outside elements
o Construction Materials
 Concrete:
• With a steel reinforcement
• Without a steel reinforcement
o Interior Lining
 A plastic derivative
 Polystyrene
 ABS Material
 Stainless Steel
 Copper
 Bronze
 Asphalt
 Metal:
• Made so that the casket is placed on the bottom portion and the dome is secured to the bottom
• Measured in Gauge
• Types:
o Steel (7, 10 and 12 gauge)
o Stainless Steel (10 and 12 gauge)
o Copper (10 or 12 gauge)
 Dome:
• The top of an air seal burial vault that entraps air as it is put in position. It also supports the weight of the earth above.
Other Construction Materials include Polypropylene and Fiberglass
Methods of Closure
o Air Seal: a method of sealing a vault that utilizes the air pressure created by placing dome of the vault onto the base of the vault. Uses a diving bell or inverted glass under water...

...Are Childproof containers really childproof??? Not really or you could say that they are (semi) child proofing but I say no! To me if 5-10 children can et the so called childproof container top off te its not childproof. Their not really childproof if the child can bang it on a hard surface for a while and manage to get the top off. A child can really get the cap off a pill bottle by throwing it or banging it on a hard surface cause I've seen it before i started this research and with one of my test subjects. The containers aren't child proof they're just a little tougher for old people to get them open and child resistant. I chose to this project cause I wanted to know :
1. What were childproof containers invented to prevent?
2. How does childproof containers work?
3. Are childproof containers really childproof?
4. Can a young child learn to open a childproof container?
I went into this project wanting to know the answers to these questions. So I did this by gathering four "childproof" containers and cleaning them thoroughly and sanitizing them . I gathered a cough medicine botle, prescription pill bottle, a toilet bowl cleaner bottle, a over the counter pill bottle, a cleaning supplies spray bottle, disposable gloves, test subjects, stop watch, masking tape, a permenant marker, a lab notebook, and graphing paper. With all this I tested a good...

...LOGISTICS
ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
Optimizing Export Yards Using an automated system in Alexandria container and cargo handling company
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Master in International Transport and Logistics
By
Eng. Baher M. Mansour
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Mohamed ElFayumy
January 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract​3
1.​Introduction​3
2.​Literature review​5
3.​Research methodology​5
4.​Problem description and solution approach​6
4.1.​Problem Description​6
4.1.1.​Import container in terminal process​6
4.1.2.​Export container in terminal process​9
4.2.​Solution Approach​11
5.​Conclusion​13
References​14
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Vessel after loading BAPLIE File​6
Figure 2. Scan view after loading BAPLIE​7
Figure 3. Alexandria Yard plan view​8
Figure 4. Loading and discharging process.​8
Figure 5. Loading container into a ship​11
Figure 6. Change in loading order​12
Figure 7. Swapping storage location on ship without changing loading order​12
ABSTRACT
Container terminal business is spreading all over Egypt and the competitions between terminals are very high. Operation mangers must face the fact that not only the fees will attract shipping lines but also the efficiency in the yards and quayside operations, the main objective is to minimize the loading and discharging time. The container...