What is Retinal Detachment ?

Retinal detachment occurs when the thin lining at the back of your eye called the retina begins to pull away from the blood vessels that supply it with oxygen and nutrients. Without prompt treatment, it will lead to blindness in the affected eye. Most people will experience warning signs that indicate their retina is at risk of detaching before they lose their sight. These are -

the sudden appearance of floaters dark spots that float in your field of vision

sudden short flashes of light in one eye

blurred or distorted vision

There are three types of retinal detachment -

rhegmatogenous

tractional

exudative

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Symptoms of Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment itself is painless, but retinal detachment warning signs and symptoms almost always appear before it occurs or has advanced. Retinal detachment symptoms may include -

When the detachment progresses, a curtain or a shadow develops over the person’s visual field.

When a large number of floaters appear suddenly such as small pieces of debris appears in the vision field that seem like strings, hair or spots and are floating in the eyes.

When in the affected area, there are sudden flashes of light.

Causes of Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment can occur as a result of:

Advanced diabetes

Injury

An inflammatory eye disorder

Contraction or shrinkage of the vitreous gel which fills within the eye. This creates in retinal tear that leads to retinal detachment.

Treatment of Retinal Detachment

There are many ways to treat a detached retina. These include -

Laser (thermal) or freezing (cryopexy) - both of these approaches can repair a tear in the retina if it is diagnosed early enough.

Pneumatic retinopexy - this procedure can be used to treat retinal detachment if the tear is small and easy to close. A small gas bubble is injected into the eye (specifically, into the the clear, gel-like substance between the lens and the retina), where it then rises and presses against the retina, closing the tear. A laser or cryopexy can then be used to seal the tear.

Scleral buckle - this treatment for retinal detachment involves surgically sewing a silicone band (buckle) around the white of the eye (called the sclera) to push the sclera toward the tear until the tear heals. This band is not visible and remains permanently attached. Thermal treatment may then be necessary to seal the tear.

Vitrectomy - this surgery for retinal detachment is used for large tears. During a vitrectomy, the doctor removes the vitreous (the clear, gel-like substance between eye’s lens and retina) and replaces it with a saline solution.

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