Biographical Sketch: Karl Marx University career (1835 -1841): History, Philosophy, and Law Academic career ambitions ended Berlin Ministry of Education blacklisted him due to radical views

Biographical Sketch: Karl Marx Early 1840 s, Began longtime friendship and collaboration with Friedrich Engels Marx and family died due to poverty and ill health (early 1880 s)

Environment and Focus Reaction to dire economic and social conditions Due to industrial revolution Theory: Not only to interpret the world, but also to change it Focus: Economy Classes Forces of production

Economy Ways in which people satisfy their material needs Food, clothing, shelter, etc. PRODUCTION: Transform raw materials into things people use Products

Means of production & Relations of production The Means of Production: Land Natural resources Technology Factories

Relations of Production Social and technical relationships Among people as they Use the means of production Relations among individuals Between or among groups of people or classes

Mode of production Means of Production + Relations of Production= Mode of Production Mode of production changes Primitive Communism Feudalism Capitalism Socialism Cause of change: Process of “dialectical materialism”

Process of Dialectical Materialism http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=R 9 Cpuv 4 t. Syo Each historical period’s mode of production--economy (thesis) Challenged by a set of social forces (anti-thesis) New mode of production (synthesis)

Alienated Labor: “Alienation” Worker is: Alienated from production process Alienated from the product Does not control Where and how sold and price Alienated from Self

Alienated Labor: “Alienation” Worker spends 2/3 of waking hours in meaningless activity Little or no interaction with others Alienated from other people Alienated from humanity

Alienation 1. Worker from process of production 2. Worker from products of labor 3. Worker from self (selfestrangement) 4. Worker from other people 5. Worker from humanity

Social Class: Relationship to means of production Class consciousness: Recognize common relationship to means of production False consciousness: Unable to recognize oppression & exploitation Incorrectly identifying source of

Power of Money in Bourgeois Society Money: Universal medium of exchange For a specific good or object For human qualities such as beauty, talent, or honesty Connects people to life and Relationships with others Not who we are, but what we have the power to buy

TR Use-Value & Exchange Value Use-Value: Ability of a commodity to satisfy wants/needs Exchange Value: How much of a given commodity (e. g. , corn) it takes to equal the value of another commodity (e. g. , iron) Money: Universal exchange value

Commodities=Things made to be sold Labor Theory of Value: Value of product= amount of labor time to produce it Value=Workers’ labor time Workers sell their labor power in order to survive Exploitation inherent in capitalism

Commodities: Surplus Value Difference between workers’ wages and Price or value of goods they produce (profit) Price of goods-Wages=Profit

Capitalism Economic system based on: 1. Private ownership of the means of production 2. Pursuit of profit 3. Competition 4. No government intervention