If the history of American anarchism seems longer on gesture than triumph, consider RUDOLF ROCKER (1873–1958). Born Catholic in Mainz, Germany, Rocker was an orphaned teenage Socialist and apprentice bookbinder, which trade he shared with Johann Most, the influential German-American anarchist whose biography he’d later author. In 1893, Rocker moved to Paris, immersing himself in the Jewish anarchist community there before leaving two years later for London, home of exiles Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta. Here Rocker met his lifelong partner, Milly Witkop, a Ukrainian-born Jew; learned Yiddish; tirelessly wrote (often for Der Arbeter Fraynd — The Worker’s Friend — which he’d eventually edit), organized, and lectured until 1914, when the Rockers were sent to the Alexandra Palace internment camp. Back in Germany for the 1918–19 revolution, Rocker remained staunchly anti-authoritarian, denouncing — in 1921 — Russian communism and later co-founding the syndicalist book club, Gilde Freiheitlicher Bücherfreunde, for whom he translated William Godwin’s remarkable 1794 proto-anarchist novel, Caleb Williams. Shortly after the February 1933 Reichstag fire, Rocker fled: Switzerland; Saint-Tropez, France, where he was re-united with longtime friend Emma Goldman; the U.S.A. All Rocker brought with him was an intellectual history-in-progress, Nationalism and Culture. Published by Covici-Friede in 1937, its greatest praise came two years later in Los Angeles, where the program for a banquet honoring Rocker and Bertrand Russell included encomiums from Albert Einstein (“Extraordinarily original and illuminating”); Charles Beard; Will Durant; Thomas Mann; Lewis Mumford (“worthy to be placed on the same shelf that holds Candide, the Rights of Man and Mutual Aid.”)