Lithosphere
LithosphereThe lithosphere is vital to life on earth. It supports the food webs that sustain life; it provides us with a vast collection of natural resources, and it plays a vital role in the purification of the water we drink. We also depend on it to dispose of some of our wastes. The increasing population within the world has had an impact on the lithosphere and consequently as led to the deterioration of this essential component of the biophysical environment.

Land degradation has become one of the primary issues of concern arising from the human interaction with the lithosphere. It encompasses soil degradation and the deterioration of natural landscapes and vegetation. It includes the adverse effects of overgrazing, excessive tillage, erosion, sediment deposition, extractive industries, urbanization, disposal of industrial wastes, decline of plant communities, and the effects of noxious plants and animals.

Whenever the natural balance is altered by developments for agricultures, mining, forestry, Industry etc., the lithosphere is a risk. From these human interactions land degradation take places or becomes worse. It has been called the AIDS of the Earth as it leaves farmlands white with crusted salt, shriveled crops and a dying landscape. Each year it leaves vast expanses of our Earth barren. Land degradation is not just a problem for framers but it probably the most fundamental environmental issue of our time.

Another global problem affecting the Lithosphere contributed by human impact is desertification that now threatens one-third of the earth's surface. Desertification occurs where land use practices in marginal areas leave the soil vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. The human practices that contribute to desertification include: · Overgrazing

· Improper soil and water resource management
· Cultivation of land with unsuitable terrain or soils
· Deforestation without adequate replanting

...Immigration in the Twenty-First Century: Accommodation and Change 486
Women in Math and Science 505
Finding Soldiers: The Volunteer Army, Recruitment, and the Draft 528
Wal-Mart and the Public Good 557
Sustainability and the Search for Clean Energy 578
Biotech Agriculture and the Ethics of Food Production 599
Argument Classics 623
Credits 659
Index 665
vi Brief Contents
Detailed Contents
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xxxviii
Part One Overview of Argument 1
1 Argument: An Introduction 2
What Do We Mean by Argument? 2
Argument Is Not a Fight or a Quarrel 2
Argument Is Not Pro-Con Debate 3
Arguments Can Be Explicit or Implicit 3
LOUIS W. SULLIVAN, M.D., Let the Facts Decide, Not Fear: Ban AB 1108 6
A former secretary of health and human services opposes a ban on a chemical that
makes toys soft and flexible.
The Defining Features of Argument 10
Argument Requires Justification of Its Claims 10
Argument Is Both a Process and a Product 12
Argument Combines Truth Seeking and Persuasion 13
Argument and the Problem of Truth 15
A Successful Process of Argumentation: The Well-Functioning
Committee 18
GORDON ADAMS (STUDENT), Petition to Waive the University Mathematics
Requirement 19
A student accepted to law school but delayed by a remaining math requirement argues
to be exempted.
Conclusion 23
2 Argument as Inquiry: Reading and Exploring 24
...

...Introduction
In this project I aim to explain the contributes to the environment by
the actions of humans and display the consequences.
I am going to divide the project into different sections and then sub
sections to make the project easier to navigate around and keep the
information in relevant sections.
• Section 1: HABITAT REDUCTION BY HUMANS.
* The building of houses and roads
* Quarrying
* Farming
* The draining of wetland areas
* Recreational uses
• Section 2: POLLUTION.
* WATER POLLUTION- sewage, fertilizers, chemicals and eutrophication.
ü AIR POLLUTION- Sculpture dioxide from burning fossil fuels leading to
acid rain, carbon dioxide from burning of fossil fuels and methane
from cattle and rice fields leading to greenhouse effect and global
warming.
* LAND POLLUTION - pesticides, herbicides, and nitrates wash into
rivers and lakes affecting food chains.
Habitat reduction by HumansHuman beings are dependent on the Earth's diversity of species for our
survival. Wild species play a vital role in the maintenance of the
planets ecological functions, yet everyday on the planet 40-100
species become extinct. Many countries across the world have not got
an endangered species act that is strong enough to protect varying
species from the destruction of humans.
All over the globe humans are determined in building...

...Assess the impacts of human activity on one or more deserts
Human activity is becoming more prolific in deserts in recent years as governments are seeing the important resources that the desert offers. Mining and mineral exploitation, farming, tourism, and growing populations have had both positive and negative effects on desert environments, providing both income for local communities but also affecting the desert ecosystem by depleting water and nutrient supply. Deserts in the US, Middle East and South America all have increasing human activity in their deserts.
In the Atacama Desert in Chile, the extraction of sodium nitrate has been a common practice from 1850. Over 170 mining towns such as Humberstone and Santa Laura sprang up throughout the desert. The Salar de Atacama is Chile’s largest salt lake and has been mined extensively by companies such as Codelco and Lomas Bayas for bischofite which is used in agriculture and medicine. However, after the production of artificial sodium nitrate in the mid 1930s, there was a severe decline and most mining towns were deserted. They are now ghost towns, which have been left to deteriorate and decline. Humberstone’s population of 3,700 have left and it is now empty. The mining was successful for around 50 years, and made up the majority of income for the desert towns. However, the dangers of mining in deserts were highlighted in 2010 when a group of miners were trapped...

...﻿
Humanimpact on biodiversity and ecosysytem loss
Magdaléna Jilečková
The English College in Prague
Abstract
Biodiversity and ecosystem are crucial issues that have an impact to the human well-being now and in the future. Biodiversity depends on many factors but the most influentive is the habitat loss which influences the biodiversity worldwide. Humans converts native areas into agriculture and industrial areas without realising how much impact it has now and will have in the future. Habitat loss is connected with fragmentation which influence the increasing amount of extinction. The specific climate is essential to be maintained for some species. If it is changed some species may not be able adjust to new conditioins such as extreme weather conditions like drought or flooding and long term changes in water and air temperature. It causing species to die out. It is a huge threat for the ecosystem because every specie is dependet on another one. Another global threat are alien species that become invasive and suppress the native habitants. In addition, species dependent on the suppressed ones will have to adobt or they will become extint.
Out of the 44, 838 species living on the earth, 905 are already extinct and 16, 928 are listed to be endangered and possibly become...

...000-00 1818
Geog 222 Section (1)
Mrs Sandra Burrows
Date: November 4, 2008
The HumanImpact on Coastal Landscape
The relationship between humans and their environment is a topic that engenders much debate. Humans are intellectual. They can think, reason, feel and make deductions or hypothesis and seek to solve or prove their deductions or theories. The environment on the other hand is inanimate and exists by means of natural laws and principles that govern the universe. It cannot prevent man’s exploitations; it cannot take up arms and fight. However, in its own way, by natural laws, it makes efforts to purge and renew itself from the effects of man’s endeavors. Mangor (2002) argues that like the ocean that shapes coastal landforms, the coasts are dynamic aspects of the environment that are in constant change. Thus, by means of its natural processes such as sea level rise, waves and various phenomenon, erosion, accretion and reshaping of coasts, flooding and the creation of continental shelves it defends itself against man. A specific aspect of the environment that engenders conversation is the coastal landscape: its beauty, its purpose, its abuse, and its future.
Other aspects of the coastal landscape that engender discussion are those animate expressions of nature such as fossils and vegetations, birds and crustaceans, fishes and other wild life that depend on it for survival....

...e
L.S.C.
JULY’12
London School Of Commerce
MANAGING HUMAN CAPITAL
TASMINA ZAMAN
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the
Degree of MBA
List of Figures
Critically evaluate the issues Human Resources Managers need to take into consideration when there are changes in external environmental factors . Analyse what HR practices will help organizations gain sustainable competitive advantage. Critically discuss and debate using relevant examples.
Introduction
Planning is about change and change management is a difficult. Rise and fall of strategic planning indicates organizations find tools to help to navigate organization's ship into the uncertain water of change. Success of a program is difficult to assess, as changing objectives and goals and the results are not simply measurable (Martinez: 1999).
The organizations always are attempting to coordinate their resources, feasibilities, tools and capital in certain framework for to achieve organizational goals. In this attempt should be identify the role of each component. The most important component of the organization is human resource and appropriate use of its capabilities and competencies, a certain strategic planning is required that called "strategic human resources planning", and is one of the key discusses of human resource management....

...Humans have impacted on natural activities in the Sahel region and the desert biome region by over-cropping, overgrazing and deforestation. The Sahel is a narrow strip of land between the Sahara to the north and the Savanna and equatorial rain-forest to the South. It is a dry (Semi-Arid) region receiving rain in the wet Season from June to September. The Sahara desert is growing South by up to 5-10 Kilometers each year. Which is mainly due to human activity.
Overgrazing:
the people of the region were traditionally Nomadic. They moved following the rain and pasture- land. Wealth was defined by animal ownership by the tribes of the Sahel. As the number of cattle and goats increased so did the competition for grazing land. They allowed the animals to graze the land more than it could sustain. Young trees were also grazed. Herders also moved animals onto marginal grazing land until there was little or no vegetation remaining.
Wells were sunk to provide water for all the animals. This made herders remain longer in the one area applying more pressure on the land. The wells used up all the ground water causing the water tables to fall. Eventually the wells dried up along with the land around it.
As the human population increased farming methods changed, Nomadic herding was replaced with a more settled style of herding. Farmers began to fence in land and work it more intensely. Leading to soils being overused an d...