H2: Introduced species experience biotic resistance in new region (BRH)
a. Prediction: Introduced species compete with native species
b. Prediction: Introduced species accumulate novel enemies over time

H3: Introduced species diverge evolutionarily from native populations
a. Prediction: Introduced populations experience a reduction in genetic diversity compared to native populations (bottlenecks)
b. Prediction: Multiple independent introductions to one region increases genetic diversity (hybridizing and outcrossing with native species or other invaders)
c. Prediction: (adaptive evolution) Introduced species locally adapt to new biotic environment, and members of the invaded community adapt to the presence of the invader.

H2b+ H3c = Introduced species will experience an increase in enemies over time as enemy relationships in the new range evolve.
a. Prediction: Historical invasions will have a subset of enemies from the range of origin and a subset from the current range.
b. Prediction: Historical invasions will be parasitized by a greater proportion of local parasite species compared to contemporary invasions
c. Prediction: Historical invasions provide a glimpse into the evolutionary future of contemporary invasions

H1a + H2a + H2b +H1b = Introduced species invading communities with phylogenetically similar species will experience a smaller demographic advantage from lack of parasites
a. Prediction: Parasites will shift from native to use phylogenetically similar introduced species
b. Prediction: Introduced species invading areas with close relatives should be less invasive

H1a + H2b + H3b + H3c = Hybridization and outcrossing can alter relationships with natural enemies, competitors or other novel aspects of the environment, directly facilitating invasion, and providing variation necessary for adaptive evolution.
a. Prediction: The most invasive species are likely to be those that are outcrossed and experience enemy release.