Institution Rights and Document Citation

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Institution Rights and Document Citation

Reproduced by permission of Shakespeare Birthplace Trust

Terms of useThe Shakespeare Birthplace Trust has graciously contributed images under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommerical ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Visitors may download, link to and cite the images for personal research only. Any further use, including, but not limited to, unauthorized downloading or distribution of the images, commercial or third party use, is strictly prohibited. Visitors must contact the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust to request additional use, at: images.scla@shakespeare.org.uk

Institution Rights and Document Citation

Reproduced by permission of Shakespeare Birthplace Trust

Terms of useThe Shakespeare Birthplace Trust has graciously contributed images under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommerical ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Visitors may download, link to and cite the images for personal research only. Any further use, including, but not limited to, unauthorized downloading or distribution of the images, commercial or third party use, is strictly prohibited. Visitors must contact the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust to request additional use, at: images.scla@shakespeare.org.uk

Joan, John and Mary Shakespeare’s first child, was baptized on September 15, 1558, according to the Holy Trinity Church parish register. Next to the entry, an “X” added by a later hand highlights its significance. Stratford’s parish registers do not survive earlier than March 1558, but, given that Mary Shakespeare was single when her father, Robert Arden, made his will two years earlier in November 1556, there is no real doubt that Joan was her first child. Therefore, unless Mary was already pregnant at the time of her marriage to John Shakespeare, or Joan was born prematurely, we can date John and Mary’s marriage to mid-to-late 1557.

This is the only known reference to Joan. She presumably died soon afterwards, possibly during the severe influenza and typhus epidemics of the late 1550s, which some historians believe reduced the country’s population by up to 20%. However, a record of her burial has not been traced. Stratford’s burial register does show a very high mortality rate from September 1558 to March 1559, but this is followed by a mere trickle of burials for the rest of the year and for much of 1560. This cannot represent a sudden and dramatic reduction in Stratford deaths, but more likely reflects a breakdown in recordkeeping as the result of the severe epidemic, one victim of which was probably John Shakespeare’s daughter.

The register shown here is a 1600 copy of the one in use in 1558. If the recordkeeping was muddled or incomplete because of high mortality in the 1550s, this would have been readily apparent from the state of the original register. Its copying in 1600, however, makes it more difficult to detect the collapse in burial registration.