Conciling the development of wind energy and biodiversity policy: new guidelines

Wind energy is mostly not a threat to nature, however, wind farms poorly located or poorly designed can be harmful to species and habitats. The European Commission has published, 29 October 2010, guidelines for the development of wind energy in protected natural areas. These guidelines apply to the Natura 2000 network, which is both the cornerstone of EU policy on biodiversity, but also a crucial instrument for achieving the goal set by the EU to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity by 2020.

Wind energy has an important role to play in meeting the EU target of 20% renewable energy in Europe’s total energy consumption by 2020, and its deployment in Natura 2000 areas is not automatically excluded. But such developments need to be evaluated on a case by case basis.
Janez Potocnik, European Commissioner for the Environment said htat these new guidelines would give Member States and industry clarity regarding the undertaking of wind energy development activities in accordance with Natura 2000 requirements. According to him, there is no change of legislation or policy, but merely guidance on existing law. The European Commission 's aim is to ensure that renewable energy targets are met while fully respecting EU law on species protection.
Strategic planning is key
The guidelines published today are aimed at avoiding conflict between wind energy development and biodiversity conservation in Natura 2000 protected areas. They highlight the importance of strategic planning and the need for good quality appropriate assessment of new developments. The guidelines contain examples of best practice, and show how wind energy developments can avoid damage to nature sensitive areas.
Planning wind farm developments in a strategic manner over a broad geographical area is one of the most effective means of minimising the impacts of wind farms on nature and wildlife from the start of the planning process. It not only leads to a more integrated development framework but should also reduce the risk of difficulties and delays at later stages at the level of individual projects.
Background
Europe has set itself a target of obtaining 20% of its energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020, and wind energy is destined to make a significant contribution to achieving that goal. Wind energy also helps to substantially reduce greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions, as well as freshwater consumption associated with conventional power generation in the EU. Wind energy has grown rapidly over the last decade, and in 2009 it accounted for some 4.8% of the EU’s total electricity consumption. This is expected to at least triple by 2020.
Natura 2000 is an EU-wide ecological network of nearly 26 000 sites in the 27 EU countries, established under the 1992 Habitats Directive and covering almost 18% of the EU’s land area. The aim of the network is to assure the conservation and sustainable use of areas of high biodiversity value and long-term survival of Europe's most valuable and threatened species and habitats. Natura 2000 is not a system of strict nature reserves where all human activities are excluded. Whereas the network will certainly include nature reserves, most of the land is likely to continue to be privately-owned and the emphasis will be on ensuring that future management is sustainable, both ecologically and economically.