The controversial copyright- and trademark-related trade agreement previously provoked massive rallies and demonstrations across Europe. A petition against ACTA accrued two million signatures. In an editorial on the resounding defeat, where MEPs held up placards post-vote which read "Hello Democracy Goodbye ACTA", The Guardian's technology editor Charles Arthur said the agreement "didn't stand a chance". Arthur pointed out that some of the counterfeiting problems ACTA was, in part, supposed to address are ones which should concern people, particularly the risks associated with fake drugs. However, with the vague wording of the trade agreement raising the possibility of travellers' electronic devices being searched for copyright-infringing content at customs and border checkpoints, he concluded the secretly-negotiated deal "never stood a chance against the internet tidal wave" of opposition.

Arthur also highlighted that secrecy surrounding the drafting of ACTA encouraged widespread public opposition; negotiations began under the presidency of George W. Bush, which rebuffed requests from the Electronic Frontier Foundation stating that all but ten of 800+ pages of related material were "classified in the interest of national security". Following Barack Obama taking office, another Freedom of Information request was filed; again, access was denied with the Obama administration asserting that national security concerns justified the entire draft and related documents remaining secret.

"ACTA has become a symbol for policy made in secrecy"((de)), stated Sebastian Nerz, vice-president of the Pirate Party of Germany. "We are hopeful now that Brussels has taken a stance against lobbyist interests. Upholding fundamental rights and civil liberties online seems no longer to be merely empty words for the European Members of Parliament."((de))

Protesters criticised the vague wording and legal uncertainty ACTA would have introduced. Widespread censorship of the internet and curtailment of freedom of speech were feared; patent regulations were highlighted as having potentially adverse impact on access to medicines and crop seeds. The trade agreement, which US-based pressure group Accessnow.org described as "giving the U.S. a structural competitive advantage over other countries", had already amongst its signatories Australia, Canada, Japan, Morocco, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, and the United States.

The long-running campaign against ACTA can in part be traced to publication of a leaked draft of the agreement on whistleblowing site Wikileaks. Their analysis concluded one part of the document was "a 'Pirate Baykiller' ", and the then-leaked draft would force internet service providers to provide "perfunctionary[sic] disclosure of customer information" and would "likely outlaw multi-region CD/DVD players."

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