-omics, -ome, -omes

(Greek: said to be a stem for "all, every, whole", or "complete"; that is, a field of study in biology that refers to the whole set of omics including their -omics and -ome subfields in order to understand life as a holistic existence and organic beings as a whole)

Bioinformatists and molecular biologists are thought to be among the first scientists to start to apply the -ome suffix in several scientific areas.

Bioinformatics is an information science that analyzes life processes using computational tools for solving biological problems and to give direction or an overview in biology.

Ome and omics are convenient ways to describe a holistic way of looking at complex systems. In the mid 1990's bioinformatists started realizing the convenience of -omics and used terms for many fields; such as, metabolome, textome, interactome, bacteriome, eukaryome, functome, patentome, neurome and so on.

Omics was coined by scientists to present the realization of the importance of information processing in biology that was proposed by many biologists and as such, it was made possible by the development of personal computers and personal computer operating systems; such as, Windows, Linux, and Apple.

The study of substances of interest and species and their interactions, transformations, and functions in biological systems.

Focusing on the distributions and compositions of all metalloproteins in proteome, and the characterization of their structures and functions, may be regarded as the overlap of metallomics and proteomics.

The exome is the part of the genome formed by exons (nucleic acid sequences), coding portions of genes in the genome that are expressed; that is, it provides the genetic blueprint used in the synthesis of proteins and other functional gene products.

exomics

1. Research in the region of a gene that contains the code for producing protein.

Each exon codes for a specific portion of the complete protein and exons are separated by introns, long regions of DNA that have no apparent function.

2. The study of a segment of a gene that contains information used in coding for protein synthesis.

Genetic information within genes is discontinuous, split among the exons that encode for messenger RNA and absent from the DNA sequences in between, which are called introns.

exposome

1. A system for determining the environmental influences on human health and disease which include scientific advances that may be used in the identification, quantification, and control of environmental impacts on human health.

Exposome represents everything a person is exposed to in the environment including stress, diet, lifestyle choices, recreational and medicinal drug use, and infections; and it changes throughout life as our bodies, diets, and lifestyles change.

2. The record of all exposures, both internal and external, that an individual receives over his or her lifetime, from conception onward.

These exposures range from chemicals in the environment to the body’s response to infection or psychological stress.

3. Everything that a person encounters in daily life; from diet and drug use to stress, and what risks these exposures pose to an individual's health, and to unravel the causes of disease.

As biomonitoring tools become wearable to monitor an individual's exposure to environmental pollutants, and when such devices can work in real time, people will have better control of their exposome existence.

In this way, the exposome could pave the way for the personalized medicine that the human genome has promised but which has not yet been achieved.

4. An approach using various genomic, proteomic (structure and analysis of proteins occurring in living organisms), and metabolomic (chemical reactions in living organisms to maintain life) methods to gather the information needed to characterize the exposome; for example, measuring gene expression, protein adducts, metals, and metabolites in human blood, and then using data analysis to sort out which ones are related to a disease.

exposomics

1. An person's environmental exposures; including, the prenatal environment of individuals.
2. A proposed term and field of study of disease-causing effects of environmental factors; also featuring the "nurture" component of "nature versus nurture".

genome, genomes

1. The full complement of genetic information that an organism inherits from its parents, especially the set of chromosomes and the genes they carry.
2. An organism's genetic material.
3. All of the inheritable traits of an organism.

A discipline in genetics (heredity in living organisms) concerning the study of the genomes (modern molecular biology and genetics where the genome is the entirety of an organism's hereditary information) of organisms.