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“The single biggest threat to man's continued dominance on the planet is the virus!” -Joshua Lederberg, Ph.D, Nobel laureate 1969 (won prize with Beadle and Tatum) Actually, he won the prize for discovering that bacteria can exchange genes… but what a great quote!

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EMERGING VIRUSES: HOW? HOW?HOW? HOW? Mutations of existing virus

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Dissemination from a small, isolated population Increasing viral traffic ie. new roads can allow virus to spread between previously isolated areas

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Mutated form spread from animals

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How to combate Virus?  VACCINES - - * variants of pathogen *stimulates the immune system to “arm” and “defend”