Robert V. Phillips, 91; general manager and chief engineer of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power whose plan to ration electricity helped the city endure the early-1970s oil embargo (June 28)

Jesse Helms, 86; Republican senator from North Carolina who for half a century infuriated liberals with his race-baiting campaign tactics and maddened presidents of both parties with his use of senatorial privilege (July 4)

Julius Richmond, 91; pediatrician who helped create Project Head Start and later, as surgeon general, issued a 1979 report on the health risks of smoking that led to more informative warning labels on cigarette packs (July 27)

Anne Armstrong, 80; U.S. ambassador to Britain in the Ford administration (July 30)

James E. Ludlam, 93; a founder of healthcare law and a principal author of the Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act of 1975 (Aug. 12)

Stephanie Tubbs Jones, 58; Democrat who was the first black woman to represent Ohio in the U.S. House (Aug. 20)

John Sanford Todd, 89; Lakewood city attorney who created the so-called Lakewood Plan for cities to contract all services and not go broke (Aug. 30)

Calvin L. Beale, 85; Agriculture Department demographer who was among the first to recognize the transformation of America's rural landscape (Sept. 2)

Charles A. O'Brien, 83; Democratic California deputy attorney general who narrowly lost the 1970 race for state attorney general to Republican Evelle Younger (Sept. 3)