A. Peiginsky, Ph.D.

New York City.

ISAAC BEN MEÏR OF NARBONNE –
French liturgical poet of the first half of the twelfth century. He is mentioned as a liturgical poet by Joseph Ḳara in his commentary to Job. He was probably the author of the following five poems: "Yomam 'Enenu," pizmon, in...

ISAAC B. MENAHEM THE GREAT –
French Talmudist; flourished in the second half of the eleventh century. Isaac, who lived at Orléans, was a pupil of Eliezer the Great of Mayence, and the teacher of Eliezer ben Judah of Châlons (Gross, "Gallia Judaica," p....

ISAAC BEN MERWAN HA-LEVI –
French Talmudist; flourished in the first third of the twelfth century; elder son of Merwan of Narbonne. As highly respected in the community as his father, he was elected rabbi of Narbonne. He is often quoted, his Talmudic...

ISAAC BEN SAMSON HA-KOHEN –
Bohemian Talmudist; died May 30, 1624, in Prague. He was assistant rabbi and magistrate of the community, and was son-in-law of the chief rabbi of Prague, Lewa ben Bezaleel, and the father of Ḥayyim ha-Kohen (rabbi at...

ISRAEL BEN URI SHRAGA –
German tosafist of the thirteenth century; died before 1298. Little is known of his life or of his family. He was a pupil of the tosafist Samuel of Bamberg, and, about 1250, was called to succeed his teacher as rabbi of Bamberg....

ISRAEL OF VALABREGUE –
French Talmudist of the first half of the fourteenth century. He lived apparently at Tarascon, and was among the small number of Jews that remained in France after the expulsion in 1306. Israel was a pupil of Immanuel of...

JACOB BEN BENJAMIN ZEEB SAK –
Page from the First Edition of Jacob ben Asher's "Arba' Ṭurim," Piove di Sacco, 1475.(In the Library of Columbia University, New York.)Lithuanian Talmudist; born in the first half of the seventeenth century at Wilna, Russia;...

JACOB OF ORLEANS –
French tosafist; died as a martyr in London Sept. 3, 1189. He was one of the most distinguished pupils of Rabbenu Tam, being often called by his teacher's name. According to "'Emeḳ ha-Baka" (ed. Cracow, p. 52), Jacob was still...

JACOB BEN SOLOMON –
French tosafist; born at Courson, department of the Yonne; flourished between 1180 and 1250. He was a pupil of Samson of Sens and, apparently, teacher of Meïr of Rothenburg (Meïr of Rothenburg, Responsa, ed. Cremona, No. 144)....

JEREMIAH BEN JACOB BEN ISRAEL NAPHTALI –
German Talmudist and philanthropist; died in Halberstadt before 1664. Like his father, Jacob (Jockel Halberstadt), Jeremiah was parnas of the congregation. His wealth, which heused for the benefit of the community, his learning,...

JOSEPH OF CHINON –
French Talmudist; lived about the middle of the thirteenth century. According to Zunz, Joseph was a son of Nathanael the Holy, but Gross points out that this was not the case. He is quoted in "Minḥat Yehudah" (Renan-Neubauer,...

JOSEPH OF DREUX –
French Talmudist of the first half of the thirteenth century. His name occurs in a manuscript in the British Museum collection of commentaries on the Pentateuch (MS. Brit. Mus. Add. No. 22,092; see Geiger's "Jüd. Zeit." ix....

JOSEPH ḤAZZAN BEN JUDAH OF TROYES –
Page From the First Edition of the "Yosippon," Mantua, 1475-80.(In the Library of Columbia University, New York.)French Talmudist and ḥazzan; flourished at Troyes about the middle of the thirteenth century. From quotations in...

JOSEPH B. ISAAC OF CHINON –
French tosatist; lived in the second half of the twelfth and at the beginning of the thirteenth century. He is mentioned as a prominent Talmudist in "Ha-Terumah" (ed. Zolkiev, No. 44) and in "Roḳeaḥ" (ed. Lemberg, p. 475). He is...

JOSEPH BEN JACOB OF PINCZOW –
Lithuanian Talmudist of the seventeenth century. He was a pupil of Ẓebi Hirsch, rabbi in Lublin. In 1687 he was rabbi at Kosowi, Russia, whence he was called to Syeltzy. In 1702, compelled to leave Syeltzy on account of the...

JOSEPH BEN MOSES OF TROYES –
French Talmudist of the first half of the twelfth century. Isaac ben Samuel the Elder quotes in his responsa Talmudic explanations which he received orally from Joseph of Troyes. The latter is probably identical with Joseph ben...

JOSEPH BEN SOLOMON OF CARCASSONNE –
French liturgical poet of the eleventh century. He wrote a Ḥanukkah "yoẓer" beginning "Odeka ki anafta," which is mentioned by Rashi in his commentary on Ezek. xxi. 18. Joseph took the material for this yoẓer from various...

JUDAH BEN ABRAHAM –
Pupil of Rashi; flourished at the beginning of the twelfth century. He studied under Rashi with Shemaiah (father-in-law of Rashbam), with whom he was engaged in literary work. Together they arranged the posthumous writings of...

JUDAH BEN DAVID OF MELUN –
French tosafist of the first half of the thirteenth century; son of the tosafist David of Melun (department of Seine-et-Marne). In Perez of Corbeil's tosafot to Baba Ḳamma (ed. Leghorn, p. 53a) he is quoted under the name "Judah...

JUDAH BEN ELIEZER –
Lithuanian Talmudist and philanthropist; born at Wilna; died there March 18, 1762, having officiated as dayyan, communal secretary, and, for a short time, rabbi. Although so eminent as a Talmudist that he was consulted in the...

JUDAH ZEEB BEN EPHRAIM –
Hungarian Talmudist of the seventeenth century; son of Ephraim ben Jacob ha-Kohen, whose home in Ofen he left for Jerusalem in 1685. Judah edited his father's responsa, "Sha'ar Efrayim," published at Prague in 1686. He added...

KARMI –
Family name, the Biblical "Carmi" (Num. xxvi. 6); it was used, according to Gross, as a gentilic adjective to the French "Crémieu" or "Crémieux" (= "Kerem Ṭob"), name of a county of the department of Isère, where many Jews were...

KARMI –
Family name, the Biblical "Carmi" (Num. xxvi. 6); it was used, according to Gross, as a gentilic adjective to the French "Crémieu" or "Crémieux" (= "Kerem Ṭob"), name of a county of the department of Isère, where many Jews were...

KRÄMER, MOSES BEN DAVID –
Lithuanian Talmudist of the seventeenth century; died at Wilna Oct. 19, 1683. After officiating as rabbi in a number of Lithuanian cities, he in 1623 went in the same capacity to Wilna. His contemporaries, who refer to him...

LATTES (LATTAS) –
Family that includes many scholars among its members. The name frequently occurs with the prefix "De" ( , ), and seems to have originated in Lattes, a little town near Béziers, France (Steinschneider, "Cat. Bodl." No....