Biological psych 12,14,18

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Uncommon condition where output from the autonomic nervous system to the body fails, either completely or almost completely

pure autonomic failure

rapid breathing in particular makes people worry that they are suffocating, and they experience this, marked by extreme sympathetic system arousal

panic attack

forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus-regarded as critical for emotion

limbic system

Activity of the left hemisphere, especially its frontal and temporal loves, marked by low to moderate autonomic arousal and a tendency to approach, which could characterize either happiness or anger

Behavioral Activation System

increased activity of the frontal and temporal loves of the right hemisphere is associated with this, which increases attention and arousal, inhibits action, and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust

Behavioral Inhibition System

serotonin's main metabolite

5-HIAA

response to an unexpected loud noise

startle reflex

response to any threat to the body (stress), in addition to its specific effect

generel adaptation syndrome

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

cortisol

the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland

HPA axis

hormone that stimulates the human adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol, which enhances metabolic activity and elevates blood levels of sugar and other nutrients

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

cells that protect the body against viruses, bacteria, and other intruders

immune system

most important element of the immune system

leukocytes

Y-shaped proteins that attach to particular kinds of antigens

antibodies

surface proteins

antigens

small proteins that combat infections and also communicate with the brain to elicit appropriate behaviors

cytokines

set of axons that the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex exchange information

corpus callosum

division of labor between two hemispheres

lateralization

section of the temporal cortex that is larger in the left hemisphere for 65% of people

planum temporale

connects the anterior parts of the cerebral cortex

anterior commissure

language impairment

aphasia

area of brain that, if damaged, tends to result in aphasia

Broca's area

characterized by poor language comprehension and impaired ability to remember the names of objects

Wernicke's aphasia

difficulty recalling the names of objects

anomia

belief that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently

dualism

belief that the universe consists of only one kind of substance

monism

view that everything that exists is material, or physical

materialism

view that only the mind really exists and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it

mentalism

view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in different terms

identity position

brief visual stimulus is preceded and followed by longer interfering stimuli

masking

difficulty of ignoring words and saying the color of the ink

stroop effect

tendency to ignore the left side of the body or the left side of objects

spatial neglect

operate by blocking the transporter proteins that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron after their release