Cytomel

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

The mechanisms by which thyroid hormones exert their physiologic action are
not well understood. These hormones enhance oxygen consumption by most tissues
of the body, increase the basal metabolic rate and the metabolism of carbohydrates,
lipids and proteins. Thus, they exert a profound influence on every organ system
in the body and are of particular importance in the development of the central
nervous system.

Pharmacokinetics

Since liothyronine sodium (T3) is not firmly bound to serum protein,
it is readily available to body tissues. The onset of activity of liothyronine
sodium is rapid, occurring within a few hours. Maximum pharmacologic response
occurs within 2 or 3 days, providing early clinical response. The biological
half-life is about 2-½ days.

T3 is almost totally absorbed, 95 percent in 4 hours. The hormones
contained in the natural preparations are absorbed in a manner similar to the
synthetic hormones.

Liothyronine sodium has a rapid cutoff of activity which permits quick dosage
adjustment and facilitates control of the effects of overdosage, should they
occur.

The higher affinity of levothyroxine (T4) for both thyroid-binding
globulin and thyroid-binding prealbumin as compared to triiodothyronine (T3)
partially explains the higher serum levels and longer half-life of the former
hormone. Both protein-bound hormones exist in reverse equilibrium with minute
amounts of free hormone, the latter accounting for the metabolic activity.

Last reviewed on RxList: 1/3/2011
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.