Andre kurs

Andre modeller

In this lecture we discuss alternative bioeconomic modelling approaches along the following lines:

Modifications/extensions of the Gordon-Schaefer model, including the use of other surplus production models

Cohort models

Multispecies modelling

Modifications/extensions of the Gordon-Schaeffer model

A bioeconomic model is made up of the following components: A biological growth model, a harvest production function including costs of input factors and a revenue function.

The classical Gordon- Schaefer model includes a logistic biomass growth function, a short term catch equation linear in effort and stock biomass, constant unit cost of effort and constant unit price of harvest.

You may investigate the Mathematica demonstration of the well-known Beverton and Holt model by clicking at the figure. This demonstration includes however not any economic module. Beverton and Holt believed the envelope curve of the yield curves of varying tc-values (tc: Age of first catch) could be used as an connection to market economy. This envelope curve (called the eumetric curve) has however some specific properties which makes it less useful (or even useless) as the biological part of a bioeconomic model.

The three links above present webMathematica pages where it is possible to calculate (Evaluate) graphs and equations (including analytical equations) of different inputs.

Multispecies modelling

Different dynamic systems are presented, all expressed by two differential equations. Equilibriums are shown in phase plots as the intersections between the two isoclines of the system (blue lines). The phase plots also display vector fields representing the dynamics of each system.

Open access

Open access dynamics are well known and could be expressed by the two differential equations below:

A stable solution is found.

Predator - Prey

Lotka - Volterra

A famous predator-prey relationship was expressed by Lotka and Volterra in 1925/1926. The system results in stable cycles (limited cycle), which orbit depends on the intial conditions.

Normal Predator - Prey

A more general expression, opening for stable equilibrium solutions.

Competition

One dominant

The competitive exclusion principle proposed by Gause. The equilibrium defined by the intersection of the two isoclines is not stable, while the two equilibriums where each isocline intersect its own axis are stable.