According to the Department of Energy, fuel cells make possible to store electricity from intermittent, carbon free resources like wind and solar power as well as generate electricity from the energy stored in fuels like natural gas or hydrogen.

Researchers will use new materials and processes to achieve advancements such as increasing battery energy capacity while preventing short circuits and battery degradation.

ARPA-E Director Ellen Williams said: “While battery technologies have improved by leaps and bounds over the past few years, there remain some imposing physical and chemical barriers that have stifled further innovation. Solid ion conductors made of affordable, easily produced materials could replace today’s mostly liquid electrolytes and expensive fuel cell parts, helping create a next generation of batteries and fuel cells that are low-cost, durable and more efficient.”