Senin, 05 Maret 2018

Indianapolis
Metro Police Officer Shannon McComas was arrested Sunday night on a
preliminary murder charge following a shooting that killed a security
guard and injured four people outside an east-side Indianapolis pub on
New Year's Day.

McComas, 32, was also preliminarily charged with
assisting a criminal, 6News reported. He was being held without bond
Monday morning.

IMPD said he resigned his position after he was told
that he was suspended indefinitely without pay and that the police chief
intended to recommend his firing.

The shooting happened in the
early-morning hours at Durty Nelly's, a bar and pub. According to
police, McComas handed a semiautomatic gun to Sunungura Rusununguko, 29,
who was charged last week with murder in connection with the same
incident. Police said the shooting happened about six minutes later.

"We
don't have any information at this time of the officer making any kind
of statement to the suspect when he handed the gun to him," said IMPD
Sgt. Matt Mount. "There is video of what occurred in the club that
night. Right now, what exactly is on that video, the detectives aren't
releasing at this time, pending going to trial."

McComas was also the
focus of an IMPD investigation over alleged involvement and/or
ownership of the bar. His wife is the pub's manager, and his
father-in-law is the owner, police said. State law prohibits law
enforcement officers from holding a financial interest in an
establishment that serves alcohol.

McComas, who was with IMPD for six
years, was working at the bar on the night of the shooting and had
called in sick that night on his shift, police said.

Ronnie Croom
Jr., 30, died in the shooting, which happened after a disturbance
involving as many as 30 people began at a party thrown by a promotion
company shortly before 3:30 a.m.

Authorities said they believe
security guards working on behalf of the promotion company began
ushering people outside after the disturbance began. Croom, who was one
of the promotion company's guards, and four other people were shot
outside the pub, police said.

Witnesses told investigators they saw
Rusununguko -- a security guard working on behalf of the pub, not the
promotion company -- firing the shots that killed Croom, authorities
said. McComas was previously suspended for 45 days for driving a
department vehicle while intoxicated.

Jumat, 24 November 2017

The brain, spinal cord and nerves are the three body parts that make up the human nervous system. Together, all three function to control all body functions.

Some of the body functions that are controlled by the nervous system are:

Growth and development of the brain.

Sensation and perception.

Thoughts and emotions.

The process of learning and memory.

Movement, balance and coordination.

Sleep.

Recovery and rehabilitation.

Body temperature.

Breathing and heartbeat.

When there is interference in some nervous system, then patient can feel difficulty move, talk, swallow, breathe or learn. Patients can also experience a disturbance in memory, senses or mood.

There are three types of nerves in the human body:

Autonomic nerves. This nerve serves to control the movement of the body that is not conscious or half-conscious body movements such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and regulation of body temperature.

Motor nerves. The type of nerve that controls movement by sending information from the brain and the spine to the muscles.

Sensory nerves. These nerves will transmit information from the skin and muscles back to the spine and brain. This information is processed so that people feel pain or other sensations.

Symptoms of Nerve Pain

Symptoms of nerve pain vary, depending on the type of nerves that are damaged or damaged. Here are some symptoms that are distinguished from the type of nerves that are damaged or damaged:

Causes of Nerve Pain

Just like symptoms, the cause of neurological pain is very diverse. There are over 600 types of neurological diseases. Here are some causes of neurological pain as well as the disruption it causes:

Hereditary factors: Huntington's disease, muscular dystrophy.

Improper neural development: spina bifida.

Damage or death of nerve cells: Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Diseases of the blood vessels to the brain: stroke.

Injury: brain or spinal injury.

Cancer: brain cancer.

Seizure disorders: epilepsy.

Infection: meningitis.

Diagnosis of Nerve Pain

Some of the tests that doctors usually do to diagnose neuropathy are:

Laboratory tests, such as blood tests and urine tests to help diagnose the disease and understand more about the illness suffered by the patient. This test includes an initial examination of nerve pain.

Genetic testing, including amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and ultrasound ultrasound to determine if nerve pain is passed on to the child. The test also includes a preliminary neurological examination and aims to see whether there is a possibility of a disease in an infant with a family history of having a hereditary disease.

Kamis, 21 September 2017

Splenomegaly is an enlarged condition in the spleen organ. The spleen lies beneath the chest, behind the ribs arrangement to the left. In splenomegaly conditions, the spleen, which is naturally the size of a fist, may be a size between 11 cm and over 20 cm with a weight reaching or more than 1 kg. This condition can also affect the function of the spleen if not treated immediately. Some basic functions of the spleen may be impaired, namely the ability to filter healthy blood cells from damaged blood cells, and as storage of red blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells and platelets play a role in the blood clotting process. Excess red blood cell count in the spleen can clog the spleen, damage, or destroy some parts inside the spleen.

That way, splenomegaly can lead to other conditions that threaten the health of the patient, such as infection and bleeding easily.

Causes Splenomegaly

The following diseases or infections that play a role in the development of splenomegaly conditions, among others:

Viral infections, such as mononucleosis infections. In developing countries, infectious mononucleosis is the most common cause of splenomegaly.

Various types of hemolytic anemia, ie conditions that cause the destruction of red blood cells.

Metabolic disorders, such as Gaucher's disease and Niemann-Pick.

Pressure or freezing that occurs in the blood vessels of the spleen, or liver.

In addition to the consequences of disease and infection, some additional risk factors are also encountered by certain groups that make them vulnerable to splenomegaly. These risk factors, among others:

People living in the region or traveling to areas with a history of malaria epidemic spread.

Patients with Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick, or other derivative metabolic disorders that may affect the condition of the spleen and liver organ.

Children and adolescents who experience immune system disorders, neoplasia, hemolysis, or infections with mononucleosis.

Symptoms of Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly may not be accompanied by the appearance of symptoms in the patient. However, in some patients, it can be felt a lump in the upper left area of ??the abdomen and may cause pain. These lumps are risky extending toward the abdomen, chest, to the patient's left shoulder. Other symptoms that may be felt, among others:

Feel full without cause or after eating food in small portions. This is caused by an enlarged spleen that depresses the abdominal area.

Fatigue.

Anemia.

More frequent infections due to disruption of lymph organ function.

It is easier to bleed.

Pain gets worse when breathing.

Diagnosis of Splenomegaly

Usually the doctor can feel an enlarged spleen at the time of physical examination. To ascertain the cause of splenomagali, the patient may perform blood tests, ultrasound, and organ imaging to get and confirm the splenomegaly diagnosis. Blood tests are performed to determine the number of different types of blood cells in the body, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Body imaging tests CT scans or ultrasound tests may be performed to determine the size of the spleen and to see the state of other organs depressed by the size of the enlarged spleen. Meanwhile, an MRI scan can be performed to find out how well the blood flow in the spleen.

Scoliosis is an abnormally curved condition of the spine. This disease is more common in children before puberty with the age range of 10 to 15 years. Boys and girls have the same risk for mild scoliosis, but girls are more prone to worsening symptoms and therefore require adequate treatment.

Although most cases of childhood scoliosis are mild and require no treatment, they should be carefully monitored and recommended to regularly undergo X-rays to determine their progress and avoid further complications.

Difficulty breathing and severe pain will usually be felt by adolescent and adult scoliosis patients if the curved spine gets worse. Therefore, early detection is needed to prevent scoliosis from reaching further levels of severity.

Symptoms of Scoliosis

Scoliosis symptoms can be seen from changes in the appearance of the chest, hips, or shoulders. The following are the symptoms of scoliosis that can be seen from the physical appearance.

One hip looks more prominent.

The body of the scoliosis patient may be leaning to one side.

One shoulder is higher.

One shoulder blade appears more prominent.

Unbalanced leg length.

Scoliosis can also cause back pain, although not all people with scoliosis experience this. Adult scoliosis sufferers often have back pain at the point of the arch, and this pain may increase if the spinal cord is worsening.

The pain experienced by people with scoliosis is very diverse. Some scoliosis sufferers experience pain from the spine to the legs, hips, and even to the hands, especially when they are walking or standing. The pain subsided if they lay with their backs straight or on one side of the body. Some scoliosis sufferers experience constant back pain, regardless of their position. In addition to back pain, patients with severe scoliosis can also have difficulty breathing.

Scoliosis can also affect the nervous system if the nerve endings are compressed by one or more curved spines. This can cause the feet to feel numb or weak, incontinent or unable to resist urination or large. Some male scoliosis sufferers may experience erectile dysfunction.

Symptoms of scoliosis in children may not be realized because it usually does not cause pain and its appearance slowly. If you suspect your child has symptoms of scoliosis, see your doctor immediately for further examination.

Causes of Scoliosis

Most scoliosis diseases can not be prevented because often this condition is unknown cause. There are several types of scoliosis that are grouped according to the cause as below.

idiopathic scoliosis. The case of unknown cause of scoliosis is called idiopathic. This idiopathic scoliosis can not be prevented, and is not affected by age, exercise, or posture. Genetic factors are thought to play an important role in the occurrence of this condition. Idiopathic scoliosis affects as much as 80 percent of the number of people with scoliosis.

degenerative scoliosis. Degenerative scoliosis occurs due to spinal damage of the spine slowly. This type of scoliosis afflicts adults because as they get older, some parts of the spine become weak and narrow. In addition there are several diseases or disorders associated with the spine that can cause degenerative scoliosis, such as osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis, and spinal damage caused by surgery.

Senin, 18 September 2017

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that causes the sufferer to experience delusions, hallucinations, chaotic thoughts, and behavioral changes. This usually long-lasting condition is often interpreted as a mental disorder considering the difficulty of the sufferer distinguishing between reality and the mind itself. Schizophrenia disease can be affected by anyone, both men and women. The age range of 15-35 years is the age most vulnerable to this condition. Schizophrenia is estimated by one percent of the world's population.

According to data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenkes) published in 2014, the number of people with schizophrenia in Indonesia is estimated at 400 thousand people.

In Indonesia, access to treatment and mental health services is inadequate. As a result, most of the population in this country, especially in remote villages, often treats mental patients with inappropriate actions such as deprivation.

The cause of schizophrenia

In fact, experts do not know what the cause of schizophrenia is certain. This condition is thought to be at risk formed by a combination of psychological, physical, genetic, and environmental factors.

Diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia

If you have relatives or friends who show symptoms of schizophrenia, immediately take it to the doctor. The sooner the disease is detected, the better. The chances of a cure for schizophrenia will be greater if treated as early as possible.

Because schizophrenia is one type of mental disorder, the examination should be performed by a psychiatrist or psychiatrist. Schizophrenia disease will be detected in the patient if:

Significant reduction in daily tasks, including a decrease in work productivity and school performance due to the above symptoms.

The above symptoms are not caused by other conditions, such as bipolar disorder or side effects of drug abuse.

In treating schizophrenia, doctors will usually combine cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with antipsychotic drugs. To increase the chances of a cure, treatment should also be supported by the support and attention of the people closest.

Although already recovered, people with schizophrenia should still be monitored. Usually doctors will continue to prescribe drugs to prevent symptoms of relapse. In addition, it is important for the patient to recognize the signs of acute episodes and be willing to talk about the condition with others.

The symptoms of schizophrenia are divided into two categories, namely negative and positive. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia illustrate the loss of certain traits and abilities that normally exist in normal people. As an example,

Reluctance to socialize and uncomfortable to be close to others so prefer to stay home.

Loss of concentration.

Sleep patterns that change.

Loss of interest and motivation in all aspects of life, including interest in relationships

Changes in sleep patterns, unresponsiveness to the situation, and the tendency to isolate themselves are the initial symptoms of schizophrenia. Sometimes the symptoms are difficult for other people to recognize because they usually develop in adolescence so that others only consider it as a teenage phase.

When the patient is experiencing negative symptoms, he or she will appear apathetic and flat emotionally (eg monotonous speech without intonation, speech without facial expression, and no eye contact). They also become indifferent to the appearance and personal hygiene, and increasingly withdraw from the association. Attitude does not care about appearance and apathy can be misinterpreted by others as lazy and disrespectful attitude. This often leads to the destruction of the patient's relationship with the family or with friends.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious and rare disorder of the skin, mucous membranes, around the genitals, and the eyes. The mucous membrane is a soft layer of tissue that lines the digestive system from the mouth to the anus, as well as the channels of the reproductive organs and eyeballs.

This syndrome generally arises from the body's reaction to drugs or infections. People affected by Stevens-Johnson syndrome usually require immediate medical treatment, and must undergo hospitalization at the hospital.

Causes of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Drugs or infections can trigger the appearance of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Some of the drugs at risk for Stevens-Johnson syndrome are:

Drugs of uric acid.

Pain relief.

Antibiotic medication.

Seizures medicine.

Radiation therapy.

Some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

In children, this syndrome is usually caused by a viral infection although in a few cases it can be caused by a bacterial infection. Some of the infections that can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome are:

Pneumonia.

Hepatitis.

HIV.

Herpes.

Mumps.

Flu.

Coxsackie and Epstein-Barr virus.

Risk Factors for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Some of the factors that can make a person more susceptible to Stevens-Johnson's syndrome are:

Families who have had Steven-Johnson syndrome.

Weakening of the immune system, usually due to HIV / AIDS, organ transplants, or autoimmune diseases.

Viral infections, such as herpes, viral pneumonia, HIV, hepatitis.

Ever had Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.

Having a specific gene, such as Gen HLA-B 1502 or HLA-B 1508 that makes a person at risk of developing this syndrome if taking seizures or drugs for psychiatric disorders.

Diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Doctors will usually perform several diagnostic steps in patients suspected of having Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Some of the diagnostic steps are:

Physical examination and medical records. Often doctors can identify this syndrome after evaluating medical records, the patient's physical condition, as well as patient-reported symptoms.

Skin biopsy. The doctor will take a sample of skin tissue for further study in the laboratory when necessary.

Treatment of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

In many cases, patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome should be admitted to the hospital for intensive care. If the patient is undergoing treatment, then generally the doctor's first step is to stop the treatment.

Some of the medicines that doctors usually treat against Stevens-Johnson syndrome are:

A strong dose of antinyeri medication, to relieve pain from open wounds on the skin.

Mouthwash, which contains anesthesia and antiseptics to make the mouth numb while, so the process of swallowing food becomes easier.

Antibiotics, if the patient is suspected of having sepsis.

Corticosteroid drug, drug administration aims to control the inflammation that occurs, and given in accordance with the recommendations of doctors.

Einsenmenger's syndrome is a serious complication due to congenital heart defects, where the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood throughout the body. About 1 in 110 babies are suspected of having congenital heart defects at birth. If not handled before the child turns 2 years of age, this disorder will cause disruption of circulation in the body, called Eisenmenger syndrome. To better understand the process of Einsenmenger's syndrome, it's good we understand how normal heart work. The human heart is divided into 4 bulkheads, two on the right and two on the left. The right heart pumps blood to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood will be enriched by oxygen, which will then be channeled into the left heart. The left side of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood throughout the body through the aortic vessels.

When there are abnormalities, for example there is a hole between the right and left heart, blood from the left heart will also flow into the right heart. This is because the left heart has a higher pressure than the right heart. In the end, the blood will accumulate in the lungs and damage the blood vessels inside.

Blood stacks in the lungs over time will cause increased pressure in the lungs, so that the blood flow will reverse from the right heart to the left heart. As a result, oxygen-rich blood will mix with dirty blood (blood that has not entered the lungs) to be pumped throughout the body. Ultimately, the organs and tissues will not get enough oxygen and this will lead to a life-threatening condition.

The disorder of Eisenmenger syndrome usually begins when the patient is 2 years or older. However, symptoms do not always appear fully and may take years to be felt by the patient. Generally, patients begin to feel it at the time of adolescence or adulthood. Eisenmenger's syndrome is also at risk for patients undergoing heart abnormalities or by people with heart-related illnesses that are not monitored and handled appropriately.

What causes Eisenmenger's syndrome?

Most cases of Eisenmenger's syndrome are caused by a congenital abnormality of holes or damage between the heart chambers. Conditions related to it include:

Ventricular septal defect. The hole between the right and left ventricle (ventricle) becomes the most common cause of Eisenmenger's syndrome.

Atrial septal defect. Holes between the right and upper left ventricle chambers (atria).

Ductus arteriosus. A hole between the aorta (the blood vessel that supplies blood throughout the body) and the pulmonary artery (the blood vessels that supply blood to the lungs).

Atrioventricular canal defect. Deep hole between the atrium (the upper heart barrier) and the ventricles (the lower heart barrier). In this case, some heart valves do not work well.

Because the main cause of Eisenmenger's syndrome is heart abnormalities at birth, it is advisable to perform an early examination. In addition, examination is also recommended if you have family members with the same case or with other heart disorders.

Symptoms of Eisenmenger Syndrome

Given a greater risk to infants, parents should be more vigilant if their child is born with a heart condition or has a risk of inheriting from family genetics. Immediately see a doctor if your child has symptoms of Eisenmenger's syndrome, such as blue or pale skin color, decreased appetite, often sweating for no apparent reason, slow growth, or lung infections.

Jumat, 15 September 2017

Brugada syndrome is a very serious heart disorder and causes the rhythm or heartbeat to be too fast, too slow, or irregular. This condition makes the heart can not pump blood throughout the body optimally. If this happens, the impact will be very fatal and can threaten a person's life.

Brugada syndrome is one of the leading causes of sudden deaths among young people who are otherwise healthy and have no heart problems. More worryingly, the case of death caused by Brugada syndrome often occurs suddenly, without showing any symptoms at all.

Brugada syndrome is a rare disease, where the majority of sufferers are Japanese and Southeast Asian. Many suspect this disease is caused by genetic factors or family-derived diseases. The facts prove that the disease is more common in adolescent and adult males. This disease is rare in children.

Symptoms of Brugada Syndrome

As mentioned earlier, the occurrence of Brugada syndrome is often asymptomatic. This disease is generally only detected when a person performs an electrocardiogram (EKG) test. But in some people, Brugada syndrome can show symptoms that are not much different from other heart disease patients, among others:

Shortness of breath

Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)

High fever

Seizures

Fainting

To prevent a fatal impact, call your doctor immediately if you suddenly experience one or more of the above.

Causes of Brugada Syndrome

Someone with Brugada syndrome has a normal structure or heart shape, but they have problems with ions that regulate electrical activity in the heart.

Each heart muscle cell has an ion channel that functions to drain compounds such as sodium, calcium, and potassium to get out and enter the heart muscle. These are the three ions that control the electrical performance of the heart, so the heart can contract and perform its function as a blood pumper in the body.

In Brugada syndrome, there is damage to the heart ion channel so that the electrical flow of the heart becomes irregular. As a result, the heart will contract with a very fast rhythm and the blood is not able to be pumped effectively throughout the body. If it happens for only a moment, the patient will usually faint or lose consciousness temporarily. But if this heart rhythm remains abnormal within a few minutes, the patient will have a heart attack.

Several studies have been developed to find out the genetic disorders underlying this disease. Nearly a third of cases of Brugada syndrome are caused by mutations in the SCN5A gene. Under normal conditions, this gene serves to regulate the flow of sodium ions in the heart. At the time of mutation, the amount of sodium ions will decrease so that the activity of heart contraction becomes disturbed.

In many cases, Brugada syndrome appears as a hereditary disease. But there are several other factors that can trigger this disease, including:

Often use cocaine.

Has a high calcium content in the blood.

Use drugs to treat high blood pressure, depression, and chest pain.

Have potassium levels that are too high or too low.

Risk Factors Brugada Syndrome

The risk of developing Brugada syndrome may increase due to several things. The following are a number of factors that can trigger the appearance of Brugada syndrome:

Descendants. If one of your family members has Brugada syndrome, you are also at risk of contracting the disease.

The brain, spinal cord and nerves are the three body parts that make up the human nervous system. Together, all three function to control all body functions.

Some of the body functions that are controlled by the nervous system are:

Growth and development of the brain.

Sensation and perception.

Thoughts and emotions.

The process of learning and memory.

Movement, balance and coordination.

Sleep.

Recovery and rehabilitation.

Body temperature.

Breathing and heartbeat.

When there is interference in some nervous system, then patient can feel difficulty move, talk, swallow, breathe or learn. Patients can also experience a disturbance in memory, senses or mood.

There are three types of nerves in the human body:

Autonomic nerves. This nerve serves to control the movement of the body that is not conscious or half-conscious body movements such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and regulation of body temperature.

Motor nerves. The type of nerve that controls movement by sending information from the brain and the spine to the muscles.

Sensory nerves. These nerves will transmit information from the skin and muscles back to the spine and brain. This information is processed so that people feel pain or other sensations.

Symptoms of Nerve Pain

Symptoms of nerve pain vary, depending on the type of nerves that are damaged or damaged. Here are some symptoms that are distinguished from the type of nerves that are damaged or damaged:

Causes of Nerve Pain

Just like symptoms, the cause of neurological pain is very diverse. There are over 600 types of neurological diseases. Here are some causes of neurological pain as well as the disruption it causes:

Hereditary factors: Huntington's disease, muscular dystrophy.

Improper neural development: spina bifida.

Damage or death of nerve cells: Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Diseases of the blood vessels to the brain: stroke.

Injury: brain or spinal injury.

Cancer: brain cancer.

Seizure disorders: epilepsy.

Infection: meningitis.

Diagnosis of Nerve Pain

Some of the tests that doctors usually do to diagnose neuropathy are:

Laboratory tests, such as blood tests and urine tests to help diagnose the disease and understand more about the illness suffered by the patient. This test includes an initial examination of nerve pain.

Genetic testing, including amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and ultrasound ultrasound to determine if nerve pain is passed on to the child. The test also includes a preliminary neurological examination and aims to see whether there is a possibility of a disease in an infant with a family history of having a hereditary disease.

Toothache is a condition when there is pain in or around the teeth and jaw. The severity of the pain may vary, from mild to severe. The pain of toothache can be felt continuously throughout the day or may appear and disappear repeatedly uncertainly.

Often the pain of toothache worsens when the patient eats or drinks (especially hot or cold food or drink) and when the patient lies down at night.

When toothache occurs, the jaw region adjacent to the infected tooth will also feel pain and palpable soft. Sometimes pain sources are difficult to distinguish. An example is pain that comes from the ear in cases of lower molar infections and pain that come from the sinus tract (the air space behind the cheekbones and forehead) in cases of upper molar infections.

In addition to pain, other symptoms of toothache are:

Swelling around the infected tooth.

Dizziness.

Flavor and odor of infected teeth.

Fever.

Causes of Toothache

Inside the tooth is a dental pulp. The dental pulp is the deepest layer of tooth structure consisting of blood vessels and sensitive nerves. Toothache occurs when the pulp is inflamed. Causes of inflammation can vary, including:

Tooth decay (this condition is often caused by the surface of cavities).

Dredging pus at the base of the tooth due to bacterial infection (periapical abscess).

Gum depreciation.

Teeth cracked.

Faulty patches (on teeth that have been patched).

In addition to dental pulp inflammation, there are a number of other conditions that can cause pain symptoms resembling toothache, including:

Sinusitis.

Periodontal abscess.

Injury to the temporomandibular joint (the joint that connects the jaw with the skull).

Swelling of the gums or gums ruptures as teeth grow.

Gum tumors.

Teething (usually experienced by infants and children).

Relieves Toothache at Home

Should see a doctor if you experience toothache to find out the cause and can be treated appropriately. But as long as you can not see a doctor, there are several ways you can do at home to relieve toothache, including:

Cleaning between your teeth by using dental floss or dental floss to clean the plaque and food scraps that stuck in between teeth.

Gargle with warm water.

Apply clove oil on the teeth or gums are sick.

Apply an antiseptic drug containing benzocaine to a sore tooth or gum.

Compressing the cheek with a cold compress when toothache is caused by trauma to the teeth.

Take over-the-counter painkillers at pharmacies (eg ibuprofen, paracetamol, or aspirin). As a reminder, these drugs should not be used in a way put directly in the gums because it can damage the gum tissue. In addition, aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age.

In case of toothache following, you are required to immediately see a doctor, that is:

Rabu, 13 September 2017

Abdominal pain is a pain that appears between the chest and pelvis. Patients with abdominal pain can feel the sensation of cramps, stiffness, and punctured in the abdominal area. Almost everyone has experienced abdominal pain. Most do not have a serious cause, but there are some stomach aches that become symptoms of other more serious and dangerous diseases. We should be able to recognize the symptoms that appear on abdominal pain to know the cause so that it can be treated quickly and precisely.

Pain in the abdomen may refer to abdominal cramps or any abdominal pain. Usually this condition is temporary and not dangerous. If severe abdominal pain occurs suddenly and is concentrated at a certain point, it is usually a sign of an emergency. Call your doctor immediately if this happens.

Cause

Abdominal pain can be caused by many factors. Here are some causes of abdominal pain based on the conditions that accompany it:

Stomachache due to Diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the most common conditions among Indonesians, especially in children. Abdominal cramps that often appear accompanied by diarrhea may signal a condition called gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by viral or bacterial infections. People who suffer from gastroenteritis usually have diarrhea and also vomiting. This condition is generally caused by norovirus and also bacteria that cause food poisoning, namely salmonella and campylobacter.

Norovirus infection is contagious. It usually spreads through contaminated food and drink. We can also be infected through direct contact with an infected person.

Severe stomach cramps accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting can make the condition of the body greatly decreased. The body will become dehydrated if too much fluid is wasted through diarrhea and vomiting. If you experience this condition, make sure you always consume plenty of fluids. This condition can generally improve on its own. However, if these conditions occur for several days, this may be caused by other diseases that need to be wary of. Immediately consult a doctor to confirm your condition.

In addition to gastroenteritis, a common cause of abdominal pain with diarrhea is dysentery, allergic reactions, worm infections, typhoid, premenstrual syndrome, and side effects of drugs.

Stomach Cramps due to Wind Entry

Wind is the result of the biological process of digestion of food and drink. The symptoms that will be experienced when people catch a cold are belching, bloating, and stomach feeling full. Some foods that cause colds are onions, broccoli, cabbage and soft drinks. High fiber foods can also increase the amount of wind produced.

Colds are a common condition. This condition can cause stomach cramps and also bloating. To overcome the colds, lots of over-the-counter medicines in pharmacies and do not require a doctor's prescription. You can also relieve symptoms by eating slowly and ensuring the position of dentures (when using) to fit properly without causing a gap.

Sudden and Severe Stomach Pain

Although almost all pain or abdominal cramps will heal by itself, but if the abdominal pain experienced is very torture, see your doctor or the hospital immediately. Could be this is a symptom of a serious illness. If so, this condition should immediately get the right handling.

A headache is a pain that pops up around the head. Most of the headaches that occur are not serious and can be overcome easily, such as by taking painkillers, drink enough water, and more rest. But there are some types of headaches that require more treatment because of sustained or even life threatening.

Headaches do not have a certain period of time, can last less than an hour or even for several days, and can appear suddenly or slowly.

Causes of Headaches

The cause of headaches can be caused by various things, but in general headaches can be grouped by cause, ie headaches that are not associated with other diseases or called primary headaches and headaches caused by other diseases or also called secondary headaches.

Some of the most common types of headaches are as follows:

Tension headache

Migraine

Cluster headache

In addition, below are some of the common causes of secondary headaches:

Headaches caused by infectious conditions such as meningitis. Infections may also originate from other parts of the body other than the head, as occurs in cases of sinusitis, flu, ear infections, and dental infections.

Trauma. For example due to collision or after an accident.

The presence of bleeding or blockage of blood vessels in the brain.

Brain cancer.

Pengar (hangover).

Rebound headache. This headache is caused by consuming too much painkiller

See a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and further treatment because the headache suffered may be a symptom of a more serious illness.

Headache Treatment

Headache treatment should be seen from the symptoms experienced and based on the cause, because not all types of headaches can be overcome by taking headache relief medication alone. See a doctor to diagnose health problems that cause headaches.

If you experience any of the following symptoms other than a headache, go to the nearest hospital:

Difficulty speaking

Impaired vision

One side of the body becomes weak or paralyzed

Neck stiff

Missing awareness

High fever

Difficult to walk

There are several things you can do to help prevent headaches, such as adequate rest, manage stress well, and exercise regularly.

In addition, you should also find out what triggers the headache you are experiencing and try to avoid it.

Headache can be caused by various things. Doctors can determine the exact cause and treatment based on a complete examination.

In general, headaches can be grouped by cause, ie headaches that are not associated with other diseases or called primary headaches and headaches caused by other diseases or also called secondary headaches. Here is an explanation.

Primary Headache

The primary headache is a headache caused by a pain-sensitive headache disorder and is not a symptom of another illness.

There are several factors that play a role in primary headaches, including disorders of the neck and head muscles, chemical activity in the brain, blood vessels or / and nerves. In some people, primary headache is a hereditary condition in the family. The following are some of the most common types of headaches.