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World's Most Dangerous Cities: Port Moresby (PNG) BBC Stories Januar um Johns Hopkins University Press. She enclosed the half guinea I was afraid she must have had a world of trouble to get it out of Mr. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies. Washington and Londonpp. Andean immigrants in New York Deutsch guinea raise starburst free spins ohne einzahlung sell guinea pigs for meat, and some South American restaurants in gratis spiele rtl de cities in the United States serve cuy as a delicacy. Papua New Guinea portal. Foreign bodies, especially small pieces of hay aufstieg hannover 96 straw, can become lodged in the eyes of guinea pigs, resulting in excessive blinking, tearing, and in some cases an opaque film over the eye due to corneal ulcer. Cavia porcellus Linnaeus In the s, a minority scientific opinion emerged proposing that caviomorphssuch as zahlungsanbieter pigs, chinchillasand degusare not rodents and should be reclassified as a separate order of mammals similar to lagomorphs. This is not universal; for example, the common word in Spanish is conejillo de Indias little rabbit of the Indies. World Prehistory and Archaeology:

The argument lifted from the German paper began by stating that New Guinea fell into the Australian sphere but had been neglected; although the Portuguese had explored in the 16th century, it was the Dutch from the 17th century "who seemed better satisfied with the country than other European nations had been" but they had over-reached themselves and had fallen back towards Java, Sumatra and Celebes.

Recent explorations had given the basis for reconsideration: The publication of the Sydney Morning Herald article caused a sensation and not just in the colony of New South Wales: On his return to Germany from his — Pacific expedition, Otto Finsch joined a small, informal group interested in German colonial expansion into the South Seas led by the banker, Adolph von Hansemann.

Finsch encouraged them to pursue the founding of a colony on the north-east coast of New Guinea and the New Britain Archipelago even providing them with an estimate of the costs of such a venture.

He was an imperial judge at Herbertshoehe —98 , deputy governor of New Guinea — , and governor —14 As a judge he made three reforms: After Hahl attempted to apply his system to the whole of New Guinea, and although his success was limited, exports rose from one million marks in to eight million in He was forced to retire because of disagreements with Berlin officials, and became an active writer on New Guinea and was a leader in German colonial societies between the wars.

By the mids German church authorities had devised a definite program for missionary work in New Guinea and assigned it to the Rhenish Mission , under the direction of Friedrich Fabri —91 , a Lutheran.

The missionaries faced extraordinary difficulties, including repeated sickness from the unhealthy climate, psychological and sometimes violent tensions and fights between the colonial administration and the natives.

The natives rejected European customs and norms of social behaviour, with few embracing Christianity. Missionaries sponsored by the Catholic Church in Germany had better resources and influence, and proved more successful.

They put more emphasis on tradition and less on modernisation, and were more in line with native world-views and traditions.

European morality and discipline were often adopted, as were notions of dignity and prestige. German Mission societies in New Guinea [25].

These islands became a protectorate and were administered from German New Guinea. To expand the highly profitable plantations, the Germans needed more native workers.

The government sent military expeditions to take direct control of more areas from to Instead of voluntary recruitment it became a matter of forced mobilisation.

The government enforced new laws that required the tribes to furnish four weeks of labour per person annually and payment of a poll tax in cash, thereby forcing reluctant natives into the work force.

The government did explore the choice of voluntary recruitment of labourers from China, Japan, and Micronesia, but only a few hundred came.

After the government tried to ameliorate the impact by ending the recruitment of women in some areas and entirely closing other areas to recruiting.

The planters protested vehemently, deciding to go to war with the whites , and the government responded by sending 4 warships with troops to defeat the Sokeh workers and impose the forced labour policy.

They arrived in January and by February the Sokeh leader had surrendered. The Australians suffered six dead and four wounded — the first Australian military casualties of the First World War.

The German forces fared much worse, with one German officer and 30 native police killed and one German officer and ten native police wounded.

On 21 September all German forces in the colony surrendered. However, Leutnant later Hauptmann Hermann Detzner , a German officer, and some 20 native police evaded capture in the interior of New Guinea for the entire war.

Detzner was on a surveying expedition to map the border with Australian-held Papua at the outbreak of war, and remained outside militarised areas.

These claims were heavily disputed by various German missionaries, and Detzner recanted most of his claims in However, World War I broke out before the designs were finished and implemented and the symbols were never actually taken into use.

Following the defeat in the war, Germany lost all its colonies and the prepared coat of arms and flags were therefore never used.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Part of a series on the. Coats of arms of German colonies. German Empire portal Colonialism portal. Deutsche Schutzgebiete page on New Guinea.

Wehler Bismarck und der Imperialismus pp —15; E. University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics p The New Guinea Experience". Journal of Pacific History.

Details of table see page This table is a selection of the most common names and variations used by archival documents and published sources for those mission societies which worked in the Bismarck Archipelago and Kaiser Wilhelmsland at the beginning of WWI.

Some of these mission operations in the field were, however, only loosely linked to Germany and German motherhouses. Some had a variety of transnational connections, especially to Australia, France, and Switzerland.

Note also that mission societies such as the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart were part of a wide family of related organisations and sub-organisations.

Governor of German New Guinea. Papua New Guinea Portraits: Bedding made from red cedar Eastern or Western and pine , both softwoods , were commonly used in the past, but these materials are now believed to contain harmful phenols aromatic hydrocarbons and oils.

Guinea pigs do not generally thrive when housed with other species. Housing guinea pigs with other rodents such as gerbils and hamsters may increase instances of respiratory and other infections, [64] and such rodents may act aggressively toward the guinea pig.

Some published sources say that guinea pigs and rabbits complement each other well when sharing a cage. In geriatric boars or sows rarely in young ones , the muscles which allow the softer pellets to be expelled from the anus can become weak.

This creates a condition known as "anal impaction", which prevents the animal from redigesting cecotropes even though harder pellets may pass through the impacted mass.

Guinea pigs benefit from a diet of fresh grass hay , such as timothy hay , in addition to food pellets which are often based on timothy hay. Alfalfa hay is also a popular food choice and most guinea pigs will eat large amounts of alfalfa when offered it, [21] [75] though some controversy exists over offering alfalfa to adult guinea pigs.

Some pet owners and veterinary organizations have advised that, as a legume rather than a grass hay, alfalfa consumed in large amounts may lead to obesity , as well as bladder stones from the excess calcium in all animals except for pregnant and very young guinea pigs.

Like humans, but unlike most other mammals , guinea pigs cannot synthesize their own vitamin C and must obtain this vital nutrient from food.

If guinea pigs do not ingest enough vitamin C, they can suffer from potentially fatal scurvy. Poor diets for guinea pigs have been associated with muscular dystrophy , metastatic calcification , difficulties with pregnancy, vitamin deficiencies , and teeth problems.

A guinea pig may or may not eat poisonous material. Males reach sexual maturity in 3—5 weeks, while females can be fertile as early as 4 weeks old, and can carry litters before they are adults.

A sow can have as many as five litters in a year, but six is theoretically possible. Females can once again become pregnant 6—48 hours after giving birth, but it is not healthy for a female to be constantly pregnant.

The gestation period lasts from 59 days 1. Litter size ranges from one to six, with three being the average; [90] the largest recorded litter size is Cohabitating females assist in mothering duties if lactating; [95] guinea pigs practice alloparental care , in which a female may adopt the pup s of another.

This might take place if the original parents die or are for some reason separated from them. This behavior is common and is seen in many other animal species such as the elephant.

Toxemia of pregnancy hypertension is a common problem and kills many pregnant females. Signs of toxemia include: Females that do not give birth may develop an irreversible fusing of the pubic symphysis , a joint in the pelvis , due to calcification which may occur between 6 and 10 months of age.

The reason for potential calcification is a metabolic disease, like ochronosis. Female genitals are distinguished by a Y-shaped configuration formed from a vulvar flap.

While male genitals may look similar, with the penis and anus forming a similar shape, the penis will protrude if pressure is applied to the surrounding hair.

Common ailments in domestic guinea pigs include respiratory tract infections , diarrhea , scurvy vitamin C deficiency, typically characterized by sluggishness , abscesses due to infection often in the neck, due to hay embedded in the throat, or from external scratches , and infections by lice , mites , or fungus.

Mange mites Trixacarus caviae are a common cause of hair loss, and other symptoms may also include excessive scratching, unusually aggressive behavior when touched due to pain , and, in some instances, seizures.

Other causes of hair loss can be due to hormonal upsets caused by underlying medical conditions such as ovarian cysts.

Foreign bodies, especially small pieces of hay or straw, can become lodged in the eyes of guinea pigs, resulting in excessive blinking, tearing, and in some cases an opaque film over the eye due to corneal ulcer.

While it is normal for guinea pigs to sneeze periodically, frequent sneezing may be a symptom of pneumonia , especially in response to atmospheric changes.

Pneumonia may also be accompanied by torticollis and can be fatal. Because the guinea pig has a stout, compact body, it more easily tolerates excessive cold than excessive heat.

Guinea pigs are prey animals whose survival instinct is to mask pain and signs of illness, and many times health problems may not be apparent until a condition is severe or in its advanced stages.

Treatment of disease is made more difficult by the extreme sensitivity guinea pigs have to most antibiotics , including penicillin , which kill off the intestinal flora and quickly bring on episodes of diarrhea and in some cases, death.

Similar to the inherited genetic diseases of other breeds of animal such as hip dysplasia in canines , a number of genetic abnormalities of guinea pigs have been reported.

Most commonly, the roan coloration of Abyssinian guinea pigs is associated with congenital eye disorders and problems with the digestive system.

If handled correctly early in life, guinea pigs become amenable to being picked up and carried, and seldom bite or scratch.

In Switzerland, owning a single guinea pig is considered harmful to its well-being and forbidden by law. Domesticated guinea pigs occur in many breeds, which have been developed since their introduction to Europe and North America.

These varieties vary in hair and color composition. The most common varieties found in pet stores are the English shorthair also known as the American , which have a short, smooth coat, and the Abyssinian , whose coat is ruffled with cowlicks , or rosettes.

Also popular among breeders are the Peruvian and the Sheltie or Silkie , both straight longhair breeds, and the Texel , a curly longhair.

Cavy clubs and associations dedicated to the showing and breeding of guinea pigs have been established worldwide. Allergic symptoms, including rhinitis , conjunctivitis , and asthma , have been documented in laboratory animal workers who come into contact with guinea pigs.

As a result of their widespread popularity, especially in households with children, guinea pigs have shown a presence in culture and media. Some noted appearances of the animal in literature include the short story " Pigs Is Pigs " by Ellis Parker Butler , which is a tale of bureaucratic incompetence.

Two guinea pigs held at a railway station breed unchecked while humans argue as to whether they are "pigs" or "pets" for the purpose of determining freight charges.

Guinea pigs have also been featured in film and television. A guinea pig named Rodney, voiced by Chris Rock , was a prominent character in the film Dr.

Dolittle , and Linny the Guinea pig is a co-star on Nick Jr. Guinea pigs were used in some major advertising campaigns in the s and s, notably for Egg Banking plc , [] Snapple , and Blockbuster Video.

The Startling ", giant guinea pigs dressed in costumes rampage over the Earth. A video game based on the movie was also released.

A guinea pig named Bugsy appears in the film Bedtime Stories. A guinea pig named Cashew features prominently in the second season of the U. Traditionally, the animal was reserved for ceremonial meals by indigenous people in the Andean highlands, but since the s, it has become more socially acceptable for consumption by all people.

Because guinea pigs require much less room than traditional livestock and reproduce extremely quickly, they are a more profitable source of food and income than many traditional stock animals, such as pigs and cattle; [] moreover, they can be raised in an urban environment.

Both rural and urban families raise guinea pigs for supplementary income, and the animals are commonly bought and sold at local markets and large-scale municipal fairs.

Peruvians consume an estimated 65 million guinea pigs each year, and the animal is so entrenched in the culture that one famous painting of the Last Supper in the main cathedral in Cusco shows Christ and the 12 disciples dining on guinea pig.

A religious celebration known as jaca tsariy "collecting the cuys" is a major festival in many villages in the Antonio Raimondi province of eastern Peru, and is celebrated in smaller ceremonies in Lima.

Peruvian research universities, especially La Molina National Agrarian University , began experimental programs in the s with the intention of breeding larger-sized guinea pigs.

Andean immigrants in New York City raise and sell guinea pigs for meat, and some South American restaurants in major cities in the United States serve cuy as a delicacy.

Many efforts have also been made to promote guinea pig husbandry in developing countries of West Africa , [] where they occur more widely than generally known because they are usually not covered by livestock statistics.

However, it has not been known when and where the animals have been introduced to Africa. The use of guinea pigs in scientific experimentation dates back at least to the 17th century, when the Italian biologists Marcello Malpighi and Carlo Fracassati conducted vivisections of guinea pigs in their examinations of anatomic structures.

In English , the term "guinea pig" is commonly used as a metaphor for a subject of scientific experimentation, or any experiment or test in modern times.

This dates back to the early 20th century; the Oxford English Dictionary notes its first usage in this capacity in Schlink and Arthur Kallet wrote a book entitled ,, Guinea Pigs , extending the metaphor to consumer society.

This is in part because research into the genetics of guinea pigs has lagged behind that of other rodents, although geneticists W.

Castle and Sewall Wright made a number of contributions to this area of study, especially regarding coat color.

The guinea pig was most extensively implemented in research and diagnosis of infectious diseases. Complement , an important component for serology , was first isolated from the blood of the guinea pig.

Guinea pig strains used in scientific research are primarily outbred strains. Aside from the common American or English stock, the two main outbred strains in laboratory use are the Hartley and Dunkin-Hartley; these English strains are albino , although pigmented strains are also available.

Hairless breeds of guinea pigs have been used in scientific research since the s, particularly for dermatological studies.

A hairless and immunodeficient breed was the result of a spontaneous genetic mutation in inbred laboratory strains from the Hartley stock at the Eastman Kodak Company in From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Redirected from Ginny pig. This article is about the small rodent species. For the domestic pig breed, see Guinea hog.

For other uses, see Guinea pig disambiguation. List of guinea pig breeds. The Biology of Hystricomorph Rodents. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Oxford English Dictionary online subscription access required. World Prehistory and Archaeology: The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Animal use at the Tibes Ceremonial Center.

People, power, and ritual at the center of the cosmos. An Inventory of Renaissance Zoology. Guinness Book of World Records.

Africa - the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean.

Guinea ghinea [21 scellini]. References in classic literature? To make the lesson more complete, he took a guinea , and lowering it into the hole, said, "Put in SO.

Marner wanted the heaps of ten to grow into a square, and then into a larger square; and every added guinea , while it was itself a satisfaction, bred a new desire.

He then gave him a guinea , bid him return to his bed, and wished him a good march; adding, he hoped to overtake them before the division reached Worcester.

I lost no time, I promise you; and when I came back into the round-house, I found the gentleman had taken a money-belt from about his waist, and poured out a guinea or two upon the table.

She enclosed the half guinea I was afraid she must have had a world of trouble to get it out of Mr. One guinea , for advising me to keep her quiet; another guinea for telling me to trust to time.

The money with which he bought the bulbs was borrowed, and now he left Leyden to make the tour of Europe burdened already with debt, with one guinea in his pocket, and one clean shirt and a flute as his luggage.

I ask you to accept the post of private physician to this household for the space of one--it may be two months, and I offer you also, as an honorarium, the fee of one thousand guineas.

Having won twenty guineas at whist, and taken leave of his friends, Phileas Fogg, at twenty-five minutes past seven, left the Reform Club.

Rebecca had never seen a Baronet, as far as she knew, and as soon as she had taken leave of Amelia, and counted the guineas which good- natured Mr.

Guinea - a republic in western Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in French Guinea , Republic of Guinea capital of Guinea , Conakry , Konakri - a port and the capital of Guinea Africa - the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean Niger , Niger River - an African river; flows into the South Atlantic Guinean - a native or inhabitant of Guinea.