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The Congress being opened as usual the Superintendant acquainted the Indians that the Governor and he had prepared a Treaty to be signed by both parties, & that he would now proceed to Read, & have the same explained to them; which was accordingly done as follows Viz*

At a Congress held at Mobille in the Province of West Florida, on the Twenty Sixth day of March, In the Year of Our Lord One thousand Seven hundred & Sixty five, by His Excellency George Johnstone Esqr Governor of West Florida, and the Honourable John Stuart Esquire Sole Agent & Superintendant of Indian Affairs in the Southern Department of North America.

A Treaty for the preservation and Continuance of a perfect peace and friendship between His most Sacred Majesty George the Third by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France & Ireland King, defender of the Faith, and so forth. And the Several Indian Chiefs Herein Named who are Authorised by the Chick- asaw ahd Chactaw Nations in their own & their Behalf s.

Article 1st That a perfect & perpetual Peace & Sincere friendship Shall be Continued between His Majesty King George, the Third, and all his Subjects, and the Said Nations the Chick-

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asaws & Chactaws, and the Said Nations of Indians hereby respectively engage to give the Utmost attention to preserve & maintain Peace & friendship between their people & the King of Great Brittain and his Subjects and Shall not Commit or Permit any kind of Hostility, injuries or damage whatsoever Against them from henceforward for any Cause or under any pretence Whatsoever & for Laying the Strongest and purest Foundations of a Perfect & perpetual peace & friendship His most Sacred Majesty has been Graciously pleased to Pardon & forgive all past Offences & injuries & Hereby declares there shall be a general Oblivion of all Crimes, Offences and injuries that may have been heretofore Committed or done by any of the Said Indians.

Article 2d The Subjects of the Great King George and the aforesaid Nations of Indians shall forever hereafter be looked upon as one People, and the Governor & Superintendant engage that they will encourage Persons to furnish & Supply the Said Nations of Indians aforesaid with all sorts of Goods usually carried amongst them, in the manner which they now are, and which will be Sufficient to answer all their wants.

3d The English Governor & Superintendant engage for them- selves and Successors, as far as they can that they will allways give due attention to the Interest of the Indians and will be ready on all occasions, to do them full & ample Justice, and the said Indian Parties do expressly Promise & engage, for themselves Severally & for their Said Nations, Pursuant to the full right & Power which they have so to do, that they will in all Cases & upon all occasions do full & ample Justice to the English, and will use their Utmost endeavours, to prevent any of their People from giving any disturbance, or doing any damage to them in the Settlements or elsewhere as aforesaid either by Stealing their Horses, killing their Cattle, or other- wise, or by doing them any personal hurt or Injury, and that if any damage be done as aforesaid. Satisfaction Shall be made for the same to the Party injured ; & that if any Indian or Indians, whatever, shall hereafter Murder or kill a white Man, the Offender or Offenders shall without any delay. Excuse or pretence whatever, be immediately Put to Death, in a Publick manner in the pres-

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ence of at Least two of the English who may be in the Neigh- bourhood where the offence is Committed.

Article 4th And if any white Man Shall kill or Murder an Indian, Such white man shall be tried for the offence, in the Same manner, as if he had Murdered a white Man & if found Guilty shall be executed accordingly in the Presence of some of the Relations, of the Indian who may be Murdered, if they choose to be present.

5th And to Prevent all disputes on account of Encroach- ments or Supposed Encroachments Committed by the Enghsh Inhabitants, of this or any other of His Majesties Provinces, on the Lands or hunting Grounds reserved & Claimed by the Chickasaw & Chactaw Indians, and that no mistakes doubts or disputes may for the future Arise thereupon, in Consideration of the great marks of friendship, benevolence & Clemency exten- ded to us the Said Chickasaw and Chactaw Indians, By His Majesty King George the third. We the Chiefs & Head Warriors distinguished by Great & Small Medals and Gorgetts & bearing His Majesties Commissions as Chiefs & Leaders of our respective Nations, by Virtue and in Pursuance of the full Right & Power which we now have, and are Possessed of. Have agreed and we do hereby Agree that for the future the Boundary be Settled by a Line Extended from Gross Point in the Island of Mount Lauis by the Course of the Western Coast of Mobille Bay to the Mouth of the Eastern Branch of Tombeckbe River, and North by the Course of Said River to the Confluence of Aliba- mont & Tombeckby Rivers, and afterwards along the Western Bank of Alibamont River to the Mouth of Chickianoce River and from the Confluence of Chickianoce and Alibamont Rivers, a Straight Line to the Confluence of Biance and Tombeckby Rivers, from thence by a Line along the Western Banks of Bance River ’till its Confluence with the Tallatekpe River, from thence by a Straight Line to Tombeckby River opposite to Atchalickpe, and from the Atchalickpe by a Straight Line to the most Norther- ly part of Buckatanne River, and down the Cource of Bucka- tanne River to its Confluence with the River Pascagoula and down by the Course of the River Pascagoula within twelve

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Leagues of the Sea Coast, and thence by a due West Line as far as the Chactaw Nation have a right to Grant.

And the said Chiefs for themselves and their Nations give and Confirm the property of all the lands contained between the above described Lines and the Sea to His Majesty the King of Great Brittain and his Successors, reserving to themselves full right & property in all the Lands to the Northward of Said Lines now possessed by them, and none of His Majesties White Subjects shall be Permitted to Settle on Tombeckby River to the Northward of the Rivulet called Centibouck.

6 Whereas His Majesty has been Graciously pleased to order that Commissaries be sent to the different Nations of Indians for the administration of Justice between the Traders & Indians, The Chiefs of the Chickasaw & Chactaw Nations, Hereby engage for themselves & their respective to Support the Authority & Protect the Persons of the Said Commissaries, from any insult or disrespect. That they will be aiding & assisting to them in the execution of their Offices in apprehending any White Person of what Nation soever against whom the Com- missary shall issue his warrant and for Conducting him or them to Such of the Neighboring Provinces as the Commissaries Shall direct, and they further engage for themselves and their respect- ive Nations to abide by the decision of the Said Commissary in all disputes relating to property between the Indians & the Traders provided Nevertheless that one or more Medal Chiefs be present and approve of Such decision,

7th And as much as possible to prevent all disputes and Jealousies between the Traders and the Indians in the Said Chickasaw & Chactaw Nations, as well as to fix and Ascertain the Prices & Rates at which Goods are henceforward to be Sold in the Said Nations that the Indians may not be imposed upon. The Governor & Superintendant engage for themselves & Suc- cessors as far as they can, that the several Sorts of Goods men- tioned in the annexed Schedule shall be furnished to the said Chickasaw & Chactaw Nations at the rates therein Specified, and the Chickasaw & Chactaw Chiefs agree & engage for them- selves and their respective Nations that the rates at which the Several Sorts of Goods are hereafter to be bartered for half

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dressed Deer Skins in their Country Shall be as Specified & set for in the annexed Schedule.

In Testimony Whereof we the Underwritten have Signed this present Treaty & put to it the Seals of om- Arms, The day & Year above written & the Several Kings and Chiefs of the Said Nations of Indians have also set their hands & Seals to the Same at the time and place aforesaid —

The Treaty having been Read & explained was Signed by the Contracting Parties; after which the Superintendant ac- quainted them that he had prepared Medals and Commissions for Such as were pitched upon to govern their Nation, and that he would immediately proceed to vest them with these Ensigns of Power and Authority.

He then called out and arranged the Chiefs for whom the Great Medals were prepared in the following Order —

Paya Mattaha Chickasaw Chief Shulustamastabe

Alibamo Mingo Tomatly Mingo

Captain Houma Nashuba Mingo

The Superintendant then delivered Six Great Medals into the hands of the Governor who hung them about the Necks of the Chiefs & at the same time, they received their Commissions from the Superintendant which Ceremony was accompanyed by a discharge of Seven Cannons from the Fort & the Fifes & Drums of the 22d & 34th Regiments playing in the room.

The Superintendant then gave a Charge to the Chiefs, explaining the Nature & Duties of their Office, & afterwards presented them to the Indians standing round, as their Chiefs requiring Strict Obedience & Respect to them as their Superiors.

The same Ceremony was observed in Installing the following Small Medal Chiefs under a Discharge of five Guns from the fort. Vizt Appopaye Oulactopaye

Mingo Ouma Poucha Houma

Toupa Houma

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This Ceremony being ended His Excellency the Governor, acquainted the Indians that the affairs of Government called him immediately to Pensacola & therefore took that Publick opportunity of taking his leave of them, and that the Superin- tendant would remain to conduct what Still remained to be done. And then the Congress Closed.

A True Copy of the Proceedings at the Congress at Mobile with the Chickasaws and Chactaws.

At a Congress held at the Town of Penzacola in the Province of West Florida, By His Excellency George Johnstone Esquire

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Governor of the Said Province, and John Stuart Esqr His Majesties Sole Agent & Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Southern District of North America, and the Several Chiefs & Warriors of the Creek Indians

This day a Messenger arrived from the Mortar* & the Warriors of the Upper Creek Nation acquainting his Excellency the Gov- ernor & his Majesties Superintendant of Indian affairs that the said Warriors were within half a mile of the Town and desired to know if it would be agreable, that they should wait on them, Lieut Colonel Wedderburne having offered to accompany Mons^ Montbereau, the Deputy Agent for Indian Affairs, to the Spot where the Indians were & Conduct them into Town his offer was accepted off. The above Gentlemen with the Indians having approached within an hundred Yards of the Gate halted & the Governor and Superintendent received a Message from the Mor- tar by one of the Interpreters desiring they would meet him at the Gate, in answer to which they Sent to acquaint him that it was their Constant Custom to receive Indians in the Council Chamber under the Great Kings picture. Upon which the Indians came into Town & were Saluted by a discharge of Great Guns. The Mortar being first Introduced to the Governor & Superintendant by Lieu* Colonel Wedderburne & Monsieur Mont- bereau, was followed by the other Chiefs, Colonel Wedderburne delivered to the Governor and Monsieur Montbereau to the Superintendant each a White Wing, as an Emblem of Peace and friendship from the whole Nation, afterwards Sir William Barnaby the Governor & Superintendant were Saluted with and fanned by the Eagles Tails.

The Indian Warriors being all Seated in Order, & after Smoaking as Customary on such Occasions, The Superintendant thanked them for the attention they had paid to his Invitation, Said he rejoiced at having an opportunity of taking the Mortar by the hand and Introducing him & his Warriors to the Governor of the Province: that the white Wings they had Sent were received Chearfully being looked upon as Emblems of Peace & the Purity of their Intentions.

^ The most influential chief of the Creeks. The firm friend of the French. Called by the French Le Loupe, by the natives Yahatatastonake.

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The Governor next told them that he received them with great Cordiahty & friendship that he was rejoiced at having an opportunity of talking to them, as from the opinion he had of their Wisdom and Justice, he did not doubt but all Jealousies & misunderstandings would be removed and Succeeded by mu- tual Confidence and Good Will.

The Mortar Said this was the day appointed by the Great Being for their Seeing one another that he at that time proposed no more than Shaking the Governor & Superintendent by the hands, that they would defer talking about Business till another day, which he hoped would be Clear and bright as that was, and that he expected to hear or give nothing but good Talks.

The next day was then appointed to proceed on Business. Monday May 27tt 1765.

And the following members of His Majesty’s Council for the Province of West Florida-

Hon. James Macpherson '

Hon. James Bruce

Hon. Elhas Durnford Esqfs

Hon. Jacob Blackwell |

Hon. WilUam Chfton J

Indian Chiefs Present The Mortar

* For facts concerning Stuart see the i9th Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, p. 203.

^ The Chevalier Montaut De Monberaut. He had great influence with the Indians, and was employed by the English as deputy superintendent of Indian affairs. It was through his influence that the Southern Indians were induced to make treaties with the English.

Tapulga & Several others

Capt AUeck J

The Young Lieutenant r Lower Creeks.

Emistisiguo

& Several others

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Divine Service having been performed by the Revd Docter Wilkinson the Congress was opened with Great Ceremony. And Sir Wm Bernaby was pleased to deliver the following Speech- Vizt

Friends Brothers Chief Warriors & Beloved of the Creek Nation

It Gives me infinite pleasure thai the Great King my Royal Master has been pleased to order me to this place as it has given me an opportunity of Shaking Hands with the Mortar and the rest of the great Warriors & Chiefs, Whose Noble feats in War, have been so much talked of from afar.

As they have been famed in War for their Brave actions, they have now an opportunity of Shining in the State, by Caus- ing the Paths to be made White, & all red Spots to be wiped away, that we are united in the Same Interest under one Great King the father of us all.

And as the Great King has been pleased to honour his Excel- lency the Governor with a Commission, to settle this Infant Colony, and to make all the Nations round him our friends. Whose experience as a Warrior, and whose Judgement & Abihties will in time convince them how happy they may be (& I hope will find themselves) under his administration.

I flatter myself the Mortar & all the Great Warriors and Chiefs who are present will Contribute every measure in their Power, towards making a Long & Lasting Peace, by Living in Constant friendship with us. That their Children Great Grand Children & ours may Live & enjoy the Blessings of it. And future ages rejoice in Celebrating the Happyness of that day which gave universal Joy to all their people.

The Great King has been pleased likewise to appoint Mr Stuart Superintendant, Whose Skill in War & knowledge of Mankind must render him very acceptable among them. As I am fully persuaded he will extend his Power to the utmost in order to make them a Happy & Contented people by an equal Distribution of the Great Kings favours to his Children, & by giving them all the Indulgencies they can request & he can pos- sibly obtain for them.

As I shall soon Cross the Great Waters to execute the Great

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Kings Commands in other parts I hope when I return to find the Talks of this day, to have made so strong & lively an impres- sion on their Hearts & Minds as to have Convinced them that the only Point we had in View was that of making them a Rich & happy people, To hve well with them, and that there might not for the future be any bad Talks or cause of Complaint on our paths.

I have nothing further to recommend but peace & Harmony amongst themselves, the only means of making them a happy & Flourishing people.

The Admiral having finished his Speech His Excellency Gov- ernor Johnstone spoke as follows. Viz*

Chiefs & Warriors of the Creek Nation Friends & Brothers

The Great King George in sending me Hither directed that I should endeavour, to Estabhsh and maintain a perfect peace between his white & Red Children. In order to conclude so desirable an end. He also directed that Captain Stuart your Common father should meet me here. We have further made Choice of Mr Montbereau to manage the affairs of the Indians under us to remove aU Jealousies, from those who formerly espoused another Interest. It is not our design by this to give any diffidence to our old friends, but only Confidence to our new, & to shew we are all one people. We will never forgett those who have adhered to our Interest. But we are hkewise ready to receive those who did not with the joy of a Father who had lost his Son & found him again, and that all past Offences should be buried in Oblivion.

When Peace & friendship is to be established the kindness that should Reign in the Heart will not bear the Repetition of the evil Deeds which have past on either Side.

The Great God of the World has engraved the mark, of Jus- tice too strong on the minds of Man to need a Repetition of his Faults to make him sensible of them. This is the first Law which he has given, never do that to another which we would not wish He should do unto us.

The Great Points which I would recommend to you are. Peace & Harmony amongst yourselves. Justice & Fidehty in your dealings with the Traders, disregard to the Talks of Idle

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men which distract the mind, respect and Obedience to the Chiefs and great Warriors in your Nation without which there can be no dependence on any of your engagements, For if the Young are to Govern the old, and the fool to advise with the Wise man all things must run into Confusion.

Your Nation has certainly as many Wise & Great Men in it, as any other Nation of Indians. It is their Duty then to lead the others in the Paths of Justice and stand responsible for their Conduct.

We really have no object in View but what is entirely for the Good of yourselves, now that all other white Nations are gone.

The King wishes to establish Regulations amongst you, to prevent all future misunderstanding. He wishes to Establish Commissaries in your Nation to hear your Complaints & do i mm ediate Justice on the Traders, or others who may Commit Crimes against you. He wishes Likewise to establish, an Armourer amongst you to mend your Guns, & also to give you a plentyfull Trade from all parts of the world. He expects in return that you will not Shelter Wicked & runawaymen, who having Committed Crimes in their own Country come to dis- tract your Nation, but on the Contrary that you will deliver up all deserters, whither Blacks or whites for which a very reason- able reward will be settled in the Treaty. That you will refrain from killing the Cattle or Stealing the Horses of the white Men. That every Murderer on either Side shall be put to Death, can any thing then be more reasonable & Just than these Regula- tions, & is there a Mortal who looks up to the Great Spirit who governs the world with Justice, & with truth who does not wish they should be carryed into execution. For those who commit Crimes, However they may escape for the present here, will be punished hereafter; As Sure as the Murderer is seen to Start in his Dreams, the Sun to rise & enlighten the World, or the thunder to roll over the Heads of the Guilty; so sure will the Wicked meet with his reward. And tho after evil Deeds we may escape the Death of our Enemies, Yet it often happens that the Blasted Tree Shall tumble over our Heads, & the Snake Bite us in the Secret Path.

I have not heard of any Particular Complaints against our

13

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Nation except a Jealousy which is Spread abroad, that we wish to possess all the Lands of the Indians.' Nothing is so untrue, it is strictly the command of the Great King, that we shall not presume to possess any Lands belonging to Indians except such as shall be ceded with their own Consent, So that you are the entire Masters on that Subject. We really expect that you will Yield us some part to Subsist on, both to supply our wants & yours when you come among us; for you are Sensible, nothing can be produced in this Sand; but we are far from asking any large Tract of Country; what we wish most is to avoid Disputing; to fix a certain Limit rather than Large Possessions. I hope it will never be Said that this place where we have all met, this day with so much joy, has been deserted for want of food. At present we Subsist only by Supplys from over the Great Waters or Cattle from Mobille. I am Sure the Generosity of the Creeks will not allow it to be Said, that we shall feed their hungry hunters by the Produce of another Land, but I am far from prescribing what their Limits should be, your Wisdom will direct the Line, whatever you fix, I shall take care our people shall adhere to, when you find that I vary from my Word or bear a double Tongue, I desire you will Immediately mistrust & desert me. So long as I behave with Justice and Truth, I expect your friendship will Augment from day to day & Year to Year, till our Union shall become Strong as the Chain which holds the Ship, & Bright as the Sun in his Glory.

His Excellency having ended his Discourse The superin- tendant delivered himself as follows —

I meet you here this day by order of the Great King George Sovereign & Father of the British Nation; The Great Giver of Life who is the Author of all Goodness, has permitted the General meeting between so many Great Chiefs of the Brittish, as well as of your Nation, & I pray to him that Tranquihty mutual friendship, & lasting happyness may result from it.

^ Pontiac had used this charge to arouse the Indians against the English. As the English method of colonization was the cultivation of the soil, the fear of the Indians was entirely natural.

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The Great Chiefs who Commands upon the Waters and the Governor of this Province have already spoken to you, you have heard their Words, they are the words of Peace if your hearts are disposed like theirs what you have heard must have made an impression upon them.

I am well known to the Warriors of your Nation, you have before heard me Speak, I cannot say that my Words were entirely blown away by the Wind. The Kings Talk delivered by me at Augusta, I hope you still retain in your memory, I have not forgott the answers which you gave, and the Obliga- tions which you, the four Governors & I, mutually entered into ; they were calculated for the Good of the red Men as well as the white.*

The King, who is the Tender and Benevolent Father, of Red, as well as white Men, has been graciously pleased to appoint me Superintendant of Indian affairs, it is my Duty to be attentive to your happyness, to shew you the Streight Path & remove the Thorns which may hurt your feet. I will allways be ready (as far as I am Capable) to advise you, I will upon all occasions attentively Listen to your Complaints, and apply to His Majesty or his Governors, on your Behalf for Redress of your Grievances; in return I expect that you will upon all occasions receive my Messages, listen to my advice & act in Conformity, you will always find them Calculated for your Welfare and prosperity.

This meeting is by the Special order of the Great King, that our former engagements may be renewed and Strengthened, and such new ones entered into as may be judged most Conduc- ive, to keep the Chain of friendship bright & entire.

You this day see & take by the hand a New friend the Gov- ernor of this Province ; he Landed in this Country fully possessed of his Sovereign’s Intentions of giving you happyness, & receiv- ing you into the Royal Protection; You will allways experience from him. Justice, Moderation, & friendship; he will Convince you of his truth and good faith, by the most exact observation on his part of the Engagements we shall now enter into. I hope you bring with you intentions equally Amicable & just, and that Like Wise men & true Lovers of your Country, you will pursue

' Congress held November 5, 1763, between the English and the Chickasaws’ Creeks, Cherokees and Choctaws, Treaty of limits and trading privileges.

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every measure by which Lasting Peace may be Secured & the Possibihty of future disputes & contention removed. The fixing and clearly ascertaining a Boundary Line between the Brittish Province & you, is a Step which I recommend as essentially necessary for attaining these desirable objects; this I hope you will Consider of, & that your determination will be Such as will evince your Wisdom, Gratitude and good intentions, to your white Brethren, from whom you receive such Benefits, without whose assistance you cannot Support Life, who are wilhng & able to assist you & Supply your wants upon equitable and mod- erate terms.

I shall not mention what has passed since the Late Congress, on the Contrary, I will join the Governor. In humbly Begging the Great King to forgive all past Offences, provided you will Convince us of your determined resolution to do justice for the future, by giving Life for Life, nor will it be any attenuation that any person Murdered is only a poor back Settler, the Kings Paternal care Extends as well to the poorest of his Subjects, as to the Richest; and justice wid be as Strenuously insisted upon for the one as the other. On our parts we will correspond in rendering you exact justice as Stipulated in the former treaty.

I am to inform you that a proper person is to be sent into your Nation, who will be authorised to decide disputes between your people & the Traders, he will take care that justice be done in weights and measures, all Talks from the Governors & from me will be delivered by him, and he will Convey to us whatever Messages you may have to Send, as he will be sent with a View to your happyness, we expect that you will respect him, that you will protect him from any Insult, assist him in the execution of his office, or any orders he may receive from us, and Aid him in Apprehending the Person of any white Man who has or may merit Punishment.

I recommend to you, to restrain your Young Men from acts of injustice and Violence, and Admonish them, not to Steal Horses, or kill the Cattle of the Inhabitants of this, or any other Province, as Necessary for the Preservation of Peace & good Neighborhood. You will also order restitution for any Horses so taken from the Traders or Settlers.

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I have now only to acquaint you that as the Kings Business Calls me away from this Province, Monsieur de Montbereau will take Charge of your affairs in my absence, imder the direction of the Governor. You are so well acquainted with him, that my saying any thing further will be Needless. Being now in the King of Great Brittains Service will demonstrate the Confi- dence & Harmony that now Subsists between the Brittish & french Inhabitants of this Province.

I now Speak to you Yahatatastonake, you are come this day to take the Brittish by the hand we hope you will be as faithfull to us as you was to the french. In Confidence of your Sincerity we receive you into the Great King’s Protection, time will Shew you & your Nation the Wisdom of the resolution you have taken, and of the Generosity, Justice & Goodness of the Brittish Nation, for whom, I hope you, & your Warriors, will return home filled with Sentiments of Love & friendship.

The Superintendant having thus Ended his Discourse Captn Aleck, a Leading head Man of the Lower Creek Nation arose & Spoke as follows.

I am now in the presence of the Governor and Superintend- ant, the Great Kings representatives. I have heard what they have Said, I am well acquainted with & have so long hved among the white people in my Nation that I look upon myself as much a white as a Red man. I have allways lived in Amity with the Enghsh & hope to continue so, tho an Indian I am Sensible that the white people were first sent to our Land by the Will of the Great Being. They gave me the Name I now bear for which I ought & do respect them. When I was first called to this Con- gress, I was prevented from coming by the evil reports which were Spread all over the Nation. But now I rejoice to find they were false, & to receive good Talks from the Governor this day. I was sent from Carolina with good Talks into my Nation, there are now present the Abekas, Tallepousses & Alebamons, I am their Elder Brother, & the white Wings which we now present are Emblems of lasting Peace, & firm friendship, & every one here is inclined from this day forwards to live in the Strictest tye of mutual Amity.

I remember when the Superintendant who is my Elder

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Brother, Spoke to my Nation at the Congress lately held at Augusta, I never expected that the Abekas would have seen him again, but I rejoice to find them together this day. I Likewise look upon the Governor as my Elder Brother, and shall allways be happy to receive Instructions from him, whereby I may be set to Rights When I err, I now have nothing more to Say.

Captain Aleck having ended his Discourse as above, Emis- teseguo the Mortars Head Warrior arose and spoke as follows.

I am now got up with an Intent to dehver my Sentiments to you. I have observed that the Admiral, whom I look upon as a Warrior of the Great Kings, has spoke before the Governor, who is the King on this Land, and as I am a Warrior in my Nation as the Admiral is in yours, I will follow his Example & will reply before my King the Mortar; I received many Messages from the King of Great Brittain by different Conveyances, and am happy in the opportunity, I this day have of Conversing with my white Brethren, I well remember what was Said at the late Congress at Augusta, all which I faithfully recounted on my return home to my Nation and In Compliance wherewith I continue to hold the Enghsh fast by the hand; I observe the Superintendant who came round by Water, is safe arrived here, & now I will converse with him again; as we cannot make a Long stay here from our Nation, we expect that all our Business & Talks will be ended to morrow : And that the Governor will dehver to us his final Speech.

I observe that amongst the white people Friendship is Com- pared to a Chain which links people together, in our Nation friendship is Compared to a Grape Vine, which tho’ Slender and Weak when Young, Grows Stronger as it grows Older.

So it is to be hoped the friendship & Harmony aheady Com- menced between the Great King’s White and Red Children, will daily increase & that as they grow up their hearts hke the Ten- drils of the Vine may be by time more Strongly United & Knit together. I have nothing more to say at Present till we meet tomorrow.

Then the Mortar arose and Spoke as follows.

The admiral whom I look upon as A Head Warrior, of the

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Great King has already Spoke, so has my Head Warrior Emis- tisiguo

It has pleased the Great Spirit to ordain that I should meet the Governor & Superintendant, here this day & therefore I wiU now dehver my Sentiments to them.

This is the Land of the Red people & but very poor; These white Wings are Emblems of Peace, which I now Present you, untainted & Spotless, as Marks of my really Good & friendly intentions; & henceforward you shall hear of no Act of mine, which does not tend to promote friendship & Harmony. My Warriors are Striped of their Warhke Implements which are now all buried in Obhvion, and White Talks daily Increase in the Nation.

I am the Voice of my People who are all to abide by what I say or do. I am determined that the Path shall not only be made white & streight here but every where. I am King & made such, in order to preserve Peace & good order in my Nation, & I now look upon the Surrounding White Nations as all United & Children of the same Family: And as I shall use my utmost endeavours to regulate & direct my Young People to do nothing but what is friendly & right, I hope my Elder Brothers will take the same Steps in their Country.

I understand the Superintendant is going away to the North- ward. I have therefore held many Talks with the Cherokees, Chickasaws, & other Nations, but shall henceforward listen to none but the English.

I have left many Warriors behind in my Nation, as well as Women, and Children, all whom I expect to find peaceable, & happy at my return; & when I have conversed with them, you shall hear from me; but at present it would avail Nothing for one to pretend to talk about Land, or where a boundary Line should be fixed, as my people are not all here.

The Talks are now all made White & Good between us & the White people; and friendship, which is at present but in its infancy, will daily increase & soon grow up, & then when im- powered by the Consent of my Whole Nation, I shall soon Settle all matters of Boundary & every other differences with the Eng- lish.

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He then presented a Belt of Whampum which he had kept in his hand all the Time he was Speaking, one end whereof he desired the Governor to hold & held the other himself as a mark of Unanimity and Friendship, and having gone thro’ the same Ceremony with the Admiral & Superintendant, he gave the Belt to the Governor.

The Superintendant then Said that he was now to dehver a short Talk from the Governor of East Florida.

The Governor of East Florida who arrived at Saint Augustine about the time of my Arrival here, is Likewise charged with a Talk to your Nation from the Great King George, and has some presents to distribute amongst you as a mark of the Royal favour. I therefore now desire you to appoint the time which will be most Convenient, for you to meet the Said Governor and me at Saint Augustine. The Object of that Meeting is the same as of this to remove all differences, and to obviate the Possibility of future disputes, by clearly defining & ascertaining the Line that is to devide that province from your Lands; & to enter into such mutual Obhgations, as will best tend to Establish Peace, & Harmony, on the most permanent and equitable footing. I mention this now that you may have time to consult & give a determined answer before you go away.

The Superintendant then gave a String of white Beads, to the Mortar, Capt. Aleck, & Emistiseguo.

To which Emistisiguo answered in the manner following.

I would not have the Superintendant depend on meeting me at St Augustine, as it will be impossible for me, to be there at the time he mentions, I have always used my utmost endeavours to preserve peace & estabhsh good Order, but cannot be at the Meeting at St Augustine. The Superintendant is now about to return home over the Great Water, where Peace reigns in like manner as over this Land; but I am going to the Northward & as I propose going down the Cherokee River as far as the fort at Massiac, I beg the favour of the Superintendant to give me a Letter of recommendation to the English Officer who Commands at that fort, from thence I propose proceeding down the River to New Orleans, thence to Mobille, cross the Coussa River & so home again; I am to sett out on this Journey as soon as the

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Green Corn Dance is over, I should be glad to be informed of the particular Rivers upon which the French are forbid to Trade, as I shall endeavour to be aiding & assisting in preventing & rriRking prisoners of such of them as I may find carrying on Such illicit Trade.

The Congress being opened as usual, Emistisiguo arose & Spoke as follows.

This is the day That I & my Elder Brothers the White people have met, & now I shall Speak my Sentiments to you.

The Eagles Tail which I hold in my hand, is the Custom of my Country, & spreads hke a Sheet of Paper.

The Governor is Now on this Ground. We are not so Num- erous as we have been but are the remains of a Great Nation, We will return home in friendship with the White people, & all bad Talks, shall be Wiped away.

The Words of Friendship & Peace have began to fall like Snow on the Ground, they are as yet but thinly Spread over the Land but as they continue falhng they will soon Cover us over, & make us all White.

There is now three parts of my Nation here & they cannot Say but they have heard your Talks, which is like the Eagles Tail, White, & Covers us all over.

I now sit on my Kings left hand, I hold in my hand the Em- blem of Peace, what I say are his Sentiments, & that of all the Nation.

With Respect to Talks which we shall Send you, or which We may receive from you none shall be Listened to, but such as are agreed upon by the meeting of the Head Men.

I have no more to say, but to put the Superintendant in mind of the Rum he promised us at the late Congress at Augusta, which we have Often Wished for. And to acquaint him that as the Women in My Nation are apt to Steal Horses as well as the

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Young men, it will be necessary to give them some presents, in hopes to remedy that Evil, and if that does not produce the desired Effect I am affraid it is incurable.

The Mortar then arose and spoke as follows.

All I said yesterday was friendly and I propose that what I say this day shall be so too; there is a great Number of Red men here present, we are all together in a white house & our Talks shall be White also.

The Talks sent into our Nation by the Enghsh were all very good and the Interpreters can inform you that our not being all met together was the only cause of their meeting with any in- teruption.

As to the proposed boundary Line, I acknowledge I did not clearly understand its situation but am informed by Monsieur Montbereaut that it runs along by the Forks of the Alibamont and Tombeckb^ Rivers Oposite to the Interpreters House.

I readily concur in the promise the Wolf King made at Augusta during the Late Congress held there and am far from wishing to alter the Line he fixed on that Occasion.

Here the Governor wanted to describe to him the Boundary already fixed by the Wolf, which he prevented by saying.

If the Peace and Friendship now concluded between the White and red people continues for Four Years, then there will be an Addition made to the Lands already granted, but your exceeding the present Limits before that time will occasion great Disturbances in the Nation, for that was the real Cause of the Spaniards being Killed who attempted to settle on the Indian Territories without Permission.

My Nation are said to be a mad people, but at present I have in my hand the Tail of the Eagle, the King of Birds which is a proof of my good Intentions & I hope my Warriors will always be well used when they come down here.

There are many bad, low white people who spread Bad Talks thro’ the Nation, but henceforward they will not be listened to.

I understand the Admiral is going away over the Great Waters; I shall not recount what I have seen here where ever I go thro’ Different Nations & I hope that hereafter the White people will embrace the Red people’s Children as they would their own.

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If my People here present have any esteem for me or expect to be looked upon in the future as mine, they must attend to what I am now going to say; I will never from this day, quit the White People or their Interest, and when any of my Young People come here they shall have no Rum to drink for any but head Men, and return immediatly to their Nation, for I look upon the English as my Brothers and hope they think equally well of me.

It will not be prudent to send a Commissary or Armourer it (to) my Nation before I have spoke properly to the Young People, who are very uncivilized and unacquainted with every Kind of Regularity or good Order, and then I will advise you when they may be Sent up among us.

I am extreamly glad to find the Path white as it now is & hope you will always continue to use the Red People well, other- wise I shall Imagine you have forked Tongues.

I now offer one hand to the beloved Men here Present and bear the Tail of the Eagle the King of Birds in the other which I desire they will hold fast and preserve that when any Indians pass this way, they may know that the Creeks have made Peace with the Enghsh.

The Talks of this day are now finished, I do not hke to be tedious or sit long at a time, but tomorrow have something to mention concerning the Chactaws.

Then Capt Aleck a head Man of the Lower Creek Nation got up & Spoke as follows,

I have been Silent hitherto this Morning as being unac- quainted with the Situation of the Lands near this place, for I am of the Lower Creek Nation. It is true there are but very few of my people here present, but I think myself Capable of bearing whatever Talks may be given out here, to my Nation & I shall accordingly inform you of their Disposition, the Upper Creeks have ended their Talks, but this is not the last Conversa- tion I shall have with you, for I intend to meet the Superintend- ant, at the ensuing Congress to be held at S* Augustine.

If you chuse to estabhsh a Ferry it will make odds to us, whether it be within or without the Boundary Line ; at the Head of St Roses Bay, we give a tract of Land, to Mr Forest the Inter-

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preter, where if you think proper the said ferry may be estab- lished.

I have nothing more to say at present & now beg leave to observe that what I have allready Said has been Spoken openly & above board.

You must look upon us as a poor People & your younger Brothers who are now come to Converse with you, in former times we were entirely unacquainted with the Customs of the White People, but since they have come among us, we have been Cloathed as they are, and accustomed to their Ways, which makes it at this day absolutely necessary, that we should be supplyed with the goods in the Nation.

The King of England knows his Red Children are very Numerous, & must be Cloathed, they are all indigent & I hope the King, the Governor, the Superintendant & all other White people are sensible that they are so, & as I have this day con- sidered the Conveniency of the Enghsh in granting them Land to plant, so I expect, they will in return Consider me and my People, This Land was formerly part of our hunting Groimd, but now many of us, are grown old & Incapable, to kill Deer enough to purchase Cloathing. We had formerly good Success in hunting but are now obUged to Cross the Cherokee River for Game, which Considerations induce me to desire, that as Deer skins are become Scarce, The Trade may be reduced in propor- tion, so that we may be enabled to Clothe & maintain our Fam- ilies, that is to say, that we may be able to buy a Blanket, for four pound Leather, when we come to Trade at Pensacola; a Pair of boots for 21b. Leather; a flap for 11b. a Blankett for 6lb. a Gun for 121b. a Check Shirt 31b. a White 21b. a hatchett lib. Callico ^ Yd. 21b. as some of their Women are very big. Garter- ing ^ ps 31b. Nonsopretties lib. Silk Ribbon 2 yds. for lib. Broad

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hoes one for 21b. fine Shirts 51b. Rum^ Bottle lib. Leather, Price of Kettles to be reduced, in the price one pound, Baley Corn & small Beads 12 strands for lib. Leather, Sixty Bullets for one Skin, 16 flints for one skin the Quantity of Gunpowder to be increased from the old Measure, the price of handfs of every kind to be Lowered lib. Leather, Looking Glasses to be reduced in the price, lib. Leather. Thick Saddlers Laces, 6 yds for lib. Leather, Small black Duffles for 41b. Leather, fine broad Ribbon, to stand as it does, these are the rates at which I expect to Buy Goods in my Nation: which, I imagine the English can afford to sell them at, & as their Merchandize arrives here without the Expence of Land Carriage upon Horses, they can afford to reduce the prices at Pensacola Still lower. Paint is an article of which the Red people are very fond and the Traders now in our Nation only give a httle on the point of a knife for one pound Leather therefore I hope the Superintendant, will direct a proper measure for selling Paint, I expect to buy knives at the same Price at which they are Sold by the White People in the Woods, if I have omitted any thing I desire that some of my Warriors may mention it, & if the Trade is fixed upon, the above footing it will make them happy & I desire that they will im- mediately restore whatever they may have taken at different times from the White People.

I shall meet the Superintendant in the Cherokee Nation, & should be glad to have the Trade in my Nation, fixed upon the same footing as amongst the Cherokees.

I have reason to Suppose that you do not receive me like a friend, as I observe all the Flags you hang out, are Crossed with Red, Whereas I expected to see every thing White, were you to go into my Nation & see me with all my Warlike Implements about me you would think of me as I now do of you. here he ended his Discourse.

To which the Governor made the following answer.

I know that your people are poor, it has pleased God to make us Richer, than them, & that we shall Supply them with what they may want as far as we Can and altho’ You have Granted to the English these Points of Land on which you used to hunt, yet you may still Continue to do so.

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The Trade being reduced too Low amongst you will fre- quently occasion a scarcity of Goods, no person of any repute Trades to the Cherokee Nation which was in a great measure the occasion of the late Cherokee War.

Your endeavours to serve your Country, by Lowring the Trade, are highly Commendable You have spoke hke a Man, & as such will no doubt be easily convinced upon hearing our reasons, that it will be for the Good of your Country that the Trade should Continue upon the old footing, it is very true some articles might bare a Little Lowring but those people who, in time of War, at so great a risque, carryed Goods into your Nation, must have Proffitts Equivolent, as Trading Licences are granted, from each province in America, indiscriminately it is not in the power of any Single Governor to reduce, or Augment the Trade, in the mean time, however, for your Satisfaction, I will call a meeting of the Traders to your Nation & Consult them upon that Head, altho I am well assured that if the Trade is Lowered, none but Vagabons & runagadoes will go to trade among you.

The Superintendant has long known the Cherokee Nation, but never yet has found a Trader amongs them Who dare go down to Charlestown least he should be apprehended, for Debt, or some missdemeanor.

The Superintendant is going round the different Provinces, & will Consult the Governors what Steps will be most Prudent to take in that affair, after which. The Mortar & his Nation shall be fully acquainted of the final determination of the said Gov- ernors concerning the Tariff of the Creek Trade.

As to the Red Cross in our Colours, it is no Emblem of War, but what we allways use, & you have often Seen amongst us.

The Congress being opened with the usual Ceremony, the Governor acquainted the Indians, that the Superintendant was now going to reply to the Talks which they had given in answer

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to what he & the Superintendant had said to them at their first meeting.

He explained the Nature of the Superintendants Office & his Majesties intentions in the appointment of such an Officer & then the Superintendant proceeded as follows.

I am now going to answer for the whole. I will first answer Captn Alecks Talk.

I am Glad to find you in the same Good disposition in which I left you at Augusta, of which you have given so many Proofs, during the Course of your Life; the White People must allways put a Value on your friendship, as the Governor & I ever will, we are very sensible of the effect, & Influence, your Talks have had on your Nation, & we desire you may continue them.

We observe the Confirmation of the Grant of Land as far as the flowing of the Sea, which was made at Augusta and hkewise the Grant which you have given to the King in favour of For- rest at St Rose’s Bay, and hkewise the Request of making Ferrys for your Conveniency and Ours all of which wiU be complied with in Time.

Some of our People are gone to cut Wood at St Andrew’s Bay for building here, and have erected a Hutt to cover them from the Sun, we hear that this has given Uneasiness, and as the Grant is now pubhckly made and confirmed by your own Consent we hope no Jealousy will arise for the Future and that Our People will meet with no Obstruction from any of your Young men.

The Superintendant then presented a String of white Beads to Captain Aleck.

I come now to answer Emistisiguo’s Talk.

It pleases me much, and as you held in your hand when you spoke, the Eagles Tail which you compared to Our Paper, and as your Talk was delivered in the presence of all the Chiefs, so I hope the Impression will be as lasting & true as if on our Paper, I am sorry you cannot immediately answer for the Justice of your People in delivering the Horses, Negroes and other things belonging to the White People; I am hkewise sorry to hear that your Women have been concerned in these Depredations; it is a sign the Evil is grown to a very great head whenever Women and Children are become parties thereto, nor can it be corrected

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by the Chiefs. However we will in the meantime give a few of such articles as you have asked for, not by way of buying our own again, as we expect restoration thereof from the Justice of your Chiefs.

And then the superintendant presented him with a String of White Beads.

I now Speak to the Mortar.

The Talks which you have deliver’d and the solemn Tokens of Friendship which you have given us, please us much, as we sincerely wish upon all Occasions to execute the great King’s Orders to maintain Peace and Harmony in such a manner that the Red People may be convinced His Majesty never wished to disturb them, and that even now when all other white Nations are at Peace and retired from you and we at Peace with the whole World, he wishes as much as ever to preserve their Friend- ship and make them a happy People.

We are extreamly Satisfied with the Land you have granted to us and our only Reason for attempting to have the Bounda- ries exactly described is really to prevent all Disputes for the future, and now as soon as the limits are Described we will set up Marks and if any white People settles beyond them we shall never enquire how they came to be Killed.

You may be assured that a Commissary and Gun Smith being sent into your Nation was intended solely for your Good & Conveniency, of which you may be easily convinced from the frequent misunderstanding of Talks in the Nation which your- self have repeated here.

We shall pay no regard to any Talk that is not held at a general meeting, and in return desire they may pay no regard to any Talk that is not Signed by the Governor or me.

You may depend on our Observing what you recommend in regard to your Young men receiving no rum to drink when they come down here.

You said you would take notice how your People were used; I am now going to tell you what treatment they will receive; the young men will be allowed to bring their Venison and Skins and sell them to the People here, and get their Guns mended

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& some particulars who may behave well will receive some Powder, shot and such provisions as we may have at the Time they come; all Justice will be done them, only the Chiefs will receive any Rum, and we are going to build a House for them.

We expect that, as Lewis Surman has been the Author of great Mischiefs you will deliver him up together with the Negroe he has possessed himself of.

We heartily wish aU Happiness may attend You and Your Nation, but at same time it is impossible that Peace can ever be perfectly estabhshed unless the Chiefs will concur with us in bringing the White People in their Nation to Order and regular- ity.

The Superintendant having Spoke as above, & ended his Discourse, The Mortar Spoke as follows.

I am a King of the Ancient Bear family, the Chief part of our Talks are now finished & I shall only say a few Words to you, as it is necessary for the Superintendant to go round & Consult with the different Governors, so it is necessary for me to return to my Nation, in order to speak to my people whom I have left behind.

There are many Traders in the Nation who make it their Business to spread bad Talks about, & instill evil Notions into our Minds, a few days ago I heard things among my People that made me uneasy, but now I am totally satisfied, & hope the Talks which I have dehvered have been kindly received, I am going over the Mountains & if I find that your Talks are the same there that they are here, I shall Conclude from thence, that a perpetual Peace & friendship is settled with you.

The Superintendant is going away & I am about to return to my Nation where I will call my People together & acquaint them with the Superintendants Intention of holding a Congress at St Augustine & his desire of meeting the Head Men of the Nation there, & at the same time will do what I can to induce some of them to go there as to myself, it will be impossible for me to meet him at that time as I shall be on the other side of the Mountains.

His Excellency the Governor, John Stuart Esqr Superintd Monsr Montberaut, Deputy Superintendant Colonel Wedderburne & A Great Number of other Gentn Indian Chiefs & Interpreters as Usual.

The Congress being opened with the usual Ceremony & this being the Anniversary of His Majesties Birth Day

The following Indian Chiefs were Vested with the Authority of Great & Small Medal Chiefs, under the Discharge of the Great Guns of the Fort & those of His Majesties Ships in the Harbour, & had Great & Small Medals & Commissions given them accordingly. Vizt

Great Medal Chiefs

The Mortar

Emistisiguo

Gun Merchant .... Devols Land Lord

Upper Creeks

Small Medals

Topalga

The White Lieut

The Beaver Tooth King .

Lower Creeks

Which Ceremony was Likewise attended with fifes and Drums.

The superintendant then gave a Charge to the Chiefs, explain- ing the Nature & Duties of their respective Offices, & afterwards presented them to the Indians standing Round, as their Chiefs requiring there strict Obedience and Respect to them as their Superiors.

This Ceremony being ended. His Majesties Health was drunk, & the Congress closed.

A True Copy of the Proceedings at the Congress with the Creeks at Panzacola.

Arthur Gordon

Secretary.

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Text of the Treaty.

At a Congress held at Panzacola in the Province of West Florida on the Twenty eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand Seven hundred & Sixty five by His Excel- lency George Johnstone Esquire Governor of West Florida & the Honourable John Stuart Esqr Sole Agent & Superintendant of Indian affairs in the Southern Department of North America. A Treaty for the preservation & Continuance of a perfect Peace & Friendship between His most Sacred Majesty, George the third by the Grace of God of Great Brittain, France, & Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith and so forth. And the Several Indian Chiefs herein Named, who are authorized by the Upper & Lower Creek Nations in their own & their Behalfs.

[Article 1st] That a Perfect and Perpetual Peace & sincere Friendship, shall be Continued between His Majesty King George the Third, and all his Subjects and the said Nations the Upper & Lower Creeks; and the said Nations of Indians hereby respectively engage to give the utmost attention to preserve & maintain peace and friendship between their People & the King of Great Brittain & his Subjects & shall not Commit or Permit any kind of Hostihty Injury or Damage whatsoever against them from henceforward for any Cause, or under any pretence whatsoever, and for Laying the strongest & purest foundation for a perfect & perpetual Peace & friendship. His most Sacred Majesty has been graciously pleased to pardon & forgive all past offences and injuries and hereby declares there shall be a general obhvion, of all Crimes, Offences & injuries that may have been heretofore committed, or done by any of the said Indians : and the several Subscribing Chiefs for themselves and their Nation, do hereby ratify, confirm and forever Grant unto His Majesty and Successors the Cession of the Land made by a Treaty concluded at the Congress held at Augusta on the 10 *^ day of November in the year of our Lord 1763 .

Article 2 The Subjects of the Great King George and the aforesaid Nations of Indians, shall forever hereafter be looked upon as one people, and the Governor & Superintendant engage that they will encourage Persons to furnish and Supply the

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said Nations of Indians with all sorts of Goods usually carried amongst them, in the manner which they now are, & which will be Sufficient to answer all their wants.

3d The English Governor & Superintendant engage for themselves and Successors as far as they can, that they will allways give due attention to the Interest of the Indians and will be readey on all occasions, to do them full & Ample Justice, and the Said Indian parties do expressly promise & engage for themselves Severally & for their said Nations, pursuant to the full Right & Power, which they have so to do, that they will in all Cases & upon all Occasions, do full & ample Justice to the English, and will use their Utmost endeavours, to prevent any of their People, from giving any disturbance or doing any dam- age to them, in the Settlements, or elswhere as aforesaid, either by Steahng their Horses, Killing their Cattle, or otherwise, or by doing them any personal Hurt or injury, and that if any Damage be done as aforesaid. Satisfaction shall be made for the same, to the party injured, and that if any Indian or Indians whatever shall hereafter Murder or kill a white man the Offen- der, or Offenders, shall without any Delay, Excuse or Pretence whatever, be immediately Put to Death in a Pubhck manner, in the presence of at Least two of the Enghsh who may be in the Neighbourhood where the Offence is Committed.

Article 4th And if any white Man shall kill or Murder an Indian such white Man, shall be tried for the offence, in the same manner as if he had Murdered a White man & if found Guilty shall be executed accordingly in the presence of some of the Relations of the Indian who may be Murdered if they chuse to be present.

5th And to prevent all Disputes on Account of encroach- ments or supposed Encroachments committed by the English Inhabitants of this or any other of His Majesties Provinces on the Lands or hunting Grounds reserved & Claimed by the Upper & Lower Creek Nations of Indians & that no mistakes, Doubts, or Disputes may for the future arise thereupon, in Consideration of the Great Marks of Friendship, Benevolence, & Clemency, extended to us the said Indians of the Upper & Lower Creek Nations by His Majesty King George the third. We the said

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Chiefs & head Warriors Leaders of our Respective Nations by Virtue & in pursuance of the full Right & Power we have & are possessed of, Have agreed and we do hereby agree that for the future the Boundary be at the dividing Paths going to the Nation and Mobille where is a Creek, that it shall run along the Side of that Creek untill its Confluence with the River which falls into the Bay, then to run round the Bay & take in all the Plantations which formerly belonged to the Yammasee Indians, that no Notice is to be taken of such Cattle or Horses as shall pass the Line; that from the said Dividing paths towards the West the Boundary is run along the path leading to Mobille to the Creek called Cassaba, and from thence still in a straight Line, to another Creek or great Branch within forty Miles of the ferry, and so to go up to the Head of that Creek and from thence turn round towards the River, so as to include all the old french Settlements at Tassa; the Eastern Line to be deter- mined by the flowing of the Sea in the Bays as was Settled at Augusta, and we do hereby Grant & confirm unto His Majesty His Heirs and Successors all the Land contained between the Said Lines & the Sea Coast.

6^^ And as much as possible to prevent all disputes and Jealousies between the Traders, and the Indians in the Said Upper & Lower Creek Nations as well as to fix & ascertain the Prices and Rates at which Goods are henceforward to be Sold in the Said Nations, that the Indians may not be imposed upon. The Governor & Superintendant engage for themselves & Successors as far as they can, that the Several sorts of Goods, mentioned in the annexed Schedule, shall be furnished to the Said Upper & Lower Creek Nations at the Rates therein Speci- fied, and the Upper & Lower Creek Chiefs agree & engage for themselves and their respective Nations that the Rates at which Goods of the Said Several Sorts are hereafter to be bar- tered, for half dressed Deer skins in their Country, shall be as Specified and set forth in the annexed Schedule.

In Testimony Whereof We the underwritten have Signed this Present Treaty, and put to it the Seals of our Arms, the day & year above written, and the Several Kings and Chiefs,

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of the said Nations of Indians have also set their hands & Seals to the Same, at the time & place aforesaid

AT A CONGRESS held at the Town of Mobille in the Province of West Florida, By His Excellency George Johnstone Esquire Governor of the said Province, and the Honourable John Stuart Esquire, His Majestys Sole Agent & Superintendant of Indian Affairs in the Southern District of North America And the Several Chiefs and Warriors of the Chickasaw & Chactaw Nations.