Related content

Who's involved?

Federal prosecutors say 50 people took part in a scheme that involved either cheating on standardized tests or bribing college coaches and school officials to accept students as college athletes -- even if the student had never played that sport.

How did this scheme work?

It was all orchestrated by William Rick Singer, CEO of a college admissions prep company called The Key. Singer pleaded guilty to four charges Tuesday and admitted that everything a prosecutor accused him of "is true."

"One was to cheat on the SAT or ACT, and the other was to use his connections with Division I coaches and use bribes to get these parents' kids into school with fake athletic credentials."

Here's how the standardized test cheating apparently worked:

Some parents paid between $15,000 and $75,000 per test to help their children get a better score, prosecutors said.

Singer arranged for a third-party -- usually Mark Riddell -- to take the test secretly in the students' place or replace their responses with his own.

How did Riddell allegedly take the tests without being noticed by the test administrators? Singer bribed those test administrators, prosecutors said.

Igor Dvorskiy, who administered SAT and ACT tests in Los Angeles, and Lisa "Niki" Williams, who administered the tests at a public high school in Houston, are both accused of accepting bribes to allow Riddell to take the tests. Both are charged with conspiracy to commit racketeering.

"I want to communicate to everyone that I am profoundly sorry for the damage I have done and grief I have caused those as a result of my needless actions," Riddell said in a statement provided by his attorney. "I understand how my actions contributed to a loss of trust in the college admissions process. I assume full responsibility for what I have done."

Here's how the fake athletic credentials worked:

In some cases, parents allegedly took part in Singer's scheme to bribe college coaches and athletic officials.

While college coaches don't explicitly decide who gets accepted into their universities, they do make recommendations on which recruited athletes should be accepted.

Loughlin, who played Aunt Becky on "Full House," and her fashion designer husband, Mossimo Giannulli, allegedly agreed to pay bribes totaling $500,000 to have their two daughters designated as recruits to the University of Southern California crew team.

But neither of Loughlin's daughters ever competed in crew, a complaint states. Instead, the parents sent photos of each of their daughters on a rowing machine.

What's the reaction been like?

A group of parents and college students who were rejected from the schools filed a federal lawsuit against them, saying they would not have wasted their time and money applying had they known the process was "warped and rigged by fraud."

Those students said their degrees are not worth as much because prospective employers might question whether they were accepted to their schools on their own merits.

And the son of a California businesswoman implicated in the plot said he was unknowingly involved and apologized.

"I know there are millions of kids out there both wealthy and less fortunate who grind their ass off just to have a shot at the college of their dreams," said Jack Buckingham, son of Jane Buckingham.

"I am upset that I was unknowingly involved in a large scheme that helps give kids who may not work as hard as others an advantage over those who truly deserve those spots. For that I am sorry."

Jack Buckingham added that while he's caught in an unpleasant situation, "I take comfort in the fact that this might help finally cut down on money and wealth being such a heavy factor in college admissions. Instead, I hope colleges may prioritize [looking at] an applicants' character, intellect and other qualities over everything else."

How are universities responding?

The University of California said it is investigating anyone from the university system affiliated with those implicated in the scandal. Two of the system's 10 campuses -- UC Berkeley and UCLA -- are investigating current or former students.

A spokesman for UC Berkeley said it's investigating a former student who allegedly submitted fraudulent SAT scores. The student has since graduated, and it's not clear what actions the university might take.

The student's father, David Sidoo, was indicted in the alleged scheme, according to court documents. A family publicist said the Sidoos have no comment.

"Integrity in our admissions process is critically important," UC Berkeley said in a statement. "Students who do not adhere to that value may have their admissions offer revoked, enrolled students may be dismissed, and diplomas conferred may be revoked."

UCLA has put men's soccer head coach Jorge Salcedo on leave as he faces a charge of conspiracy to commit racketeering.

The campus is also reviewing a currently enrolled student and a prospective student, both of whom might have ties to the investigation, UCLA spokesman Tod Tamberg said.

While USC is not directly accused of wrongdoing, the school said it is identifying funds it received in connection with the alleged scheme and reviewing its admissions processes "broadly to ensure that such actions do not occur going forward."

Georgetown University said it was "deeply disappointed" to learn former tennis coach Gordon Ernst is charged in the scheme, but said Ernst "has not coached our tennis team since Dec. 2017, following an internal investigation that found he had violated University rules concerning admissions." The admissions cycle at Georgetown is proceeding forward as planned, according to the school, which says Ernst is no longer there and thus cannot potentially affect admissions processes.

Yale University said it will continue cooperating with investigators after former women's soccer coach Rudolph "Rudy" Meredith was charged.

What don't we know?

We don't know whether more people are involved in this scandal, or whether more charges will be filed.

"I will say that the investigation remains active," prosecutor Lelling said. "These are not the only parents involved. We suspect these probably aren't the only coaches involved, and so we will be moving ahead to look for additional targets."

It's also not clear whether any of the students in this scandal will face charges.

"We're still considering that," Lelling said. "The parents, the other defendants, are clearly the prime movers of this fraud. It remains to be seen whether we charge any of the students."