* William Hoffman
* Walden University
* Richard W. Riley School of Education and
Leadership
* EdD Student
* EDUC 8101-2
*Learning Theories and the Kick
A. Historical significance
1. The student will be shown the history associated with an athletic
technique.
2. Although the individual technique will not be broken down, each
student will begin to grasp an understanding that athletic techniques
are governed by laws that have been studied forcenturies.
B. Practical significance
1. The student will be shown various learning theories as they evolved
and how each one may be applied to the athletic technique.
2. The student will be expected to grasp one-several of the learning
theories and be able to utilize the theory(s) in their own individual
coaching style.
3. Players may also grasp various learning theories and apply them to
their own individual technique.
*
Aristotle
*Archimedes
*
*
*Law of Inertia
*Force = Mass x Acceleration
*Law of action/reaction
*Newton’s Three Laws
*Ivan Pavlov
*Behaviorism
*Operant Conditioning
*Discovery
*Experiential
*Humanist
*VMBR
*Learning theories and the art
of kicking a football.
*
EDWARD THORNDIKE’S
“Connectionism”
Acts get stronger
with positive
reinforcement.
“the idea that bonds between
stimulus and response take the
form of neural connections.
Learning involves the "stamping in"
of connections, forgetting involves
"stamping out" connections”
(Cooper, n.d.).
*Animal Intelligence
* Law of Effect
a) Responses to a situation that are followed by
satisfaction are strengthened; and b) Responses that
are followed by discomfort are weakened (Human
Intelligence, 2007).
* Law of Readiness
a series of responses can be chained together to
satisfy some goal which will result in annoyance if
blocked (Tip, n.d.).
* Law of Exercise
The law of exercise specifies that the connection was
established because the S-R pairing occurred many
times (the law of effect) and was rewarded (law of
effect) as well as forming a single sequence (law of
readiness) (Tip, n.d.).
*THORNDIKE’S THREE LAWS
*SATISFACTION
*Improvement through reward,
immediate feedback.
*Repetition will strengthen
learning.
*Law of Effect
*learning is dependent
on the
learners readiness to act
*a series of responses can be
chained together to satisfy some
goal which will result in
annoyance if blocked
*Law of Readiness
*Come to practice ready to learn.
*Explanation of material will be dealt
with in the following fashion.
*Visualization- Players will be shown
the proper technique
*Explanation- Material and techniques
will be presented orally
*Demonstration- Proper execution by
one of the accomplished players
*Law of Readiness
PROPER SPEED
* ½ speed for understanding
* ¾ speed for confidence
* Full speed for perfection
*Law of Exercise
*B.F. Skinner
* “the behavior is followed
by a consequence, and the
nature of the consequence
modifies the organism's
tendency to repeat the
behavior in the future.” A
behavior followed by a
reinforcing stimulus
results in an increased
probability of that
behavior occurring in the
future” (Boeree, C.G.,
1998).
*Operant Conditioning
*Jerome Bruner
Discovery Learning
*Techniques are
broken down
from simple to
complex.
*A vivid picture
should occur.
*Discovery Learning
*Experiential Learning
*
*Humanistic Learning
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
*VMBR
*Have the
philosophies of
learning
changed
throughout
time?
*
*As the world
around us
changes, will
we constantly
be in a
learning
process?
*
*
* 1. How would Edward
Thorndike coach a kicker?
* 2. Let’s assume a kicker gets
homesick and wants to drop
out of school. What advice do
you think Abraham Maslow
would have for him?
* 3. How would you explain
VMBR or mental rehearsal to
someone?
* 4. The game is tied and you
are the coach. What do you
tell the kicker before he
attempts the game winning
field goal? What learning
theorist would it parallel?
* Amaral, J., & Sabbatini, R. (n.d.). What is a conditioned reflex? Retrieved
from
http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n09/mente/pavlov_i.htm
* Aristotle. (1945). Progression of animals. Translated by E.S. Foster.
Cambridge: Harvard University
* Armand, T. (2007, August 9). Motivation-why?. Retrieved from
http://www.armannd.com/motivation.html
* Assis, AKT. (2008). The law of gravity and the first law of mechanics.
Montreal: C. Roy Keys.
* Atherton, J. S. (2010). Learning and teaching: Experiential learning.
Retrieved from
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/
experience.html
* Behaviorism. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.funderstanding.com/content/behaviorism
* Boeree, C. G. (1998). B. F. Skinner. Retrieved September 19, 2003 from
http://www.ship.edu/%7Ecgboeree/skinner.html
* Connectionism theory (E. Thorndike). (n.d.) Retrieved from
http://tip.psychology.org/thorn.html
* Cooper, J., & Glassow, R. (1972). Kinesiology. Saint Louis: The C.V. Mosby
Company.
*
* Cooper, S. (n.d.). Theories of learning in educational psychology. Retrieved from
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/
Thorndike.html
Constructivist theory (J. Bruner). (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://tip.psychology.org/bruner.html
Discovery Learning (Bruner) at Learning Theories. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.learning-theories.com/discovery-learning-bruner.html
Gisel, H. (n.d.). Does your mind limit your body?. Retrieved from
http://ezinearticles.com/?Does-Your-Mind-Limit-Your-Body?-Get-To-Know-YourPhysical-Limits!&id=5160128
Hall, K.J. (n.d.). Carl rogers. Retrieved from
http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/rogers.htm
Heath, T.L. (1953). The works of archimedes. New York: Dover Publications.
Infed. (n.d.). david a. kolb on experiential learning. Retrieved from
http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-explrn.htm
Knowledge Base. (n.d.). Experiential learning (Kolb). Retrieved from
http://www.learningtheories.com/experiential-learning-kolb.html
PBS. (1998). Watson launches behaviorist school of psychology.
Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dh13wa.html
*
*
Simons, J. (1987). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Retrieved from
http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/
intranet/committee/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/maslow.htm
*
Sports. (n.d.). Law of readiness. Retrieved from
http://sports.jrank.org/pages/9303/law-
*
Nobel Foundation. (2010). The Nobel Prize in
Physiology or
Medicine 1904: Ivan Pavlov. Retrieved November 15,
2010,
from
http://nobelprize.org/nobelprizes/medicine/la
ureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html
*
Operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner). (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://tip.psychology.org/skinner.html
*
Theories in practice: Operant conditioning. (n.d.).
http://tip.psychology.org/skinner.html
*
Thorndike, E. (1932). The fundamentals of learning. New
Teachers College Press.
*
Thorndike, E. (1911) Animal Intelligence. New York: The
Macmillan company
*
USD. (n.d.). History of biomechanics and kinesiology. Retrieved from
http://people.usd.edu/~jarichar/HIST.html
*
readiness.html
Retrieved from
York: