As you read this, millions of people worldwide are in desperate need
of a source of fuel for cooking their food. Millions of people live in
homes that do not have electric lights, much less appliances that
improve the quality of life in all those countless ways that we, in
developed countries, take for granted. There are health clinics in
tropical countries around the world that are at risk of ruining badly
needed medicines because they cannot keep them adequately refrigerated.
Surfing closer to home, if you are reading this in California, your
computer may flick off without warning as rolling blackouts deprive
portions of the state of power, seemingly at random.

The issue in most of these cases is not too little power. Rather,
the issue is we humans dont effectively and efficiently make use
of the power resourcesall of the resourcesavailable to us. We in the
western world are accustomed to thinking in terms of building more power
plants so we can burn more coal and fossil fuels to feed our insatiable
demand for power. But we must also aggressively explore how to better
take advantage of those sources of energy that nature gives us freely,
and replenishes constantly. The sunlight that reaches the Earth every
hour is greater than the amount of energy used by the Earths
entire population in a year. There are many regions in our world that
receive at least 4 kilowatt hours of sunlight per square meter per day.
This energy could be used to, say, bake a chicken or boil a stew. You
could even power most of your home, except for heating and air
conditioning!

In much of the world there is no elecricity, no deliveries of home heating oil,
and no natural gas piped into the home. These regions are dependent on fuels such as wood and animal dung for
home heating and cooking. Such fuels are dirty and inefficient, and often in short supply. Alternative
energy sources such as solar power and wind energy can provide necessary energy, but they need to be placed in appropriate
areas with enough sun and wind. (Photograph copyright Martin Beland)

Many people who live in underdeveloped countries spend more of their
disposable income on fuel for cooking food than they have to spend on
food itself. Most of these are tropical countries where, ironically,
there is ample sunlight to power many of the peoples basic needs.
In certain areas, there is often an abundance of wind energy.
Turbines can easily capture enough of this wind energy to, say, power
light bulbs or charge batteries.

What is lacking is the technologyat an affordable price for those
who need it mostfor people to tap into these and other sources of
natural renewable energy. Before engineers can develop such technology,
they need to know how much of a given type of energy is available, and
precisely when and where. Specifically, for any given locale, engineers
need accurate data collected over a long period of time. Any system for
harnessing a natural renewable energy resource must be adapted for the
location where the technology is to be used.

Arid areas with few cloudy days are ideal locations for solar power, as long as they arent
too far north or south (if you want electricity in the winter, at least). This experimental solar power station in Californias
Mojave Desert uses light reflected by mirrors to heat molten salt to 565°C (1050°F). The salt then boils water which drives
a steam turbine to generate electricity. Other solar power technologies are smaller and more distributed, such as photovoltaic solar cells
and even low-tech solar ovens. (Photograph courtesy National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

Thanks to the initiative of a team of scientists at NASAs
Langley Research Center (LaRC), engineers and amateur inventors
worldwide now have free access to global-scale data on insolation (or
incoming sunlight), wind speed and direction, and a range of
meteorological variables. Moreover, the LaRC team translated these data
into an easy-to-use format so that they plug seamlessly into a new
generation of software tools that engineers use to design
energy-efficient systems. Already, private companies are
using these NASA data to design, build, and market new systems for
harnessing renewable energy resources. But the best part is
that these new systems will be marketed at affordable prices in
underdeveloped countries for those who need them most.