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Process for Helium recovery

Most of the helium produced
worldwide is from natural gas containing more than 2 % Helium. The separation
of Helium is achieved using membranes or cryogenics. For lower concentrations
natural gas fields can still be attractive if the natural gas is liquefied.
During this process the Helium accumulates in the gaseous phase, which is
purged. In this stream the concentration of helium is such that it can be
economically separated from the hydrocarbon containing gas.

The proposed solution allows
recovery of helium from natural gas which is chemically converted to
transportable liquids. This enlarges the sources which can be exploited for
Helium production which at present are diminishing. The main problem when
separating Helium from these processes is that the natural gas is typically
converted to syngas and the separation of Hydrogen/CO and Helium is far more
complicated than the separation of Hydrocarbons and Helium.

The chemical conversion of natural
gas to transportable liquids like methanol, its derivates or hydrocarbons with
a carbon number > 3, is generally characterised by a syngas stage and a
conversion step using a recycle to increase the overall carbon and hydrogen
efficiency.

Application 1 : Fischer Tropsch reaction

The conversion of natural gas to
liquid hydrocarbons (GTL) with a carbon number > 3 is commonly using a
syngas (stream 11) process followed by a Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis section (

The off gasses from the Fischer
–Tropsch synthesis section are taken and treated to recover, amongst possibly
others, the Hydrogen / CO (stream 14) which can be recycled to the process.
This separation can be performed with adsorption, cryogenics or membranes (box
5 ).

When recycling the Hydrogen / CO
leaving the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis section, the Heliumwhich was
present in the natural gas used for the syngas production is accumulated.

A part of the Hydrogen / CO stream
fraction (stream 14) can be treated with a
purification step (box 6 : adsorption, cryogenics or membranes).
Hydrogen is separated from the other components like CO and traces of Methane,
and the Helium will leave the process with this hydrogen stream (stream 15).

Having obtained a Hydrogen / Helium
stream (stream 15) , the recovery of helium can be made by a oxidation stage
(direct burning or catalytic combustion : box 7) of the Hydrogen using pure
oxygen (purity 99.5 % - 0.5 % Argon) (stream 10). After this step, the produced
water (stream 18) is separated with a liquid separation and the resulting gas
is dried (box 8). This process will provide the Helium product with a purity of
97 % (stream 17).

Comments :

If
oxygen with a better purity is used, the produced Helium stream purity can
be higher.