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Officer Caesar Goodson is having a bench trial in connection with Gray's death

Baltimore (CNN)The driver of the transport van in which prosecutors say Freddie Gray suffered a fatal spinal injury took him on a "rough ride," said the chief deputy state's attorney.

Officer Caesar Goodson, who faces the most serious charges in a controversial case that sparked days of unrest in Baltimore, ran a stop sign and veered into another lane of traffic while making a turn because of the speed he was traveling, prosecutor Michael Schatzow said during opening statements Thursday.

Goodson bears the "ultimate responsibility" for the fate of his prisoner, Schatzow said. Gray was not wearing a seat belt when he was being transported after an arrest in April 2015.

But Andrew Graham, Goodson's attorney, told the court his client was a good officer who followed department procedure.

Evidence of a rough ride by Goodson does not exist, Graham argued. Gray's injuries were caused in part by his own agitation and thrashing around in the van, the attorney said.

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"Freddie Gray's death was a tragedy," Graham said, adding that convicting a good cop out of what he calls a desire to assign blame makes a tragic situation worse.

A "rough ride" is a reputed police tactic reserved for particularly resistant suspects.

Judge Barry Williams on May 23 acquitted Officer Edward Nero, one of three bicycle officers involved in the initial police encounter with Gray.

Before opening arguments, Williams declined a defense request to dismiss the charges against Goodson, but he blasted the state for not disclosing a meeting last year with a man who was being held in the van at the same time as Gray. In the meeting with Dante Allen, prosecutors said no notes were taken.

Williams suggested that Schatzow did not understand the rules surrounding discovery and asked the state to take inventory of pending cases and immediately disclose any information they may be withholding.

"I'm not saying you did anything nefarious," Williams said. "I'm saying that you don't understand what exculpatory means."

CNN legal analyst Andrew Alperstein said a bench trial could help Goodson. Williams has demonstrated an ability to put aside the emotions that surrounded Gray's death, he said.

Gray died after suffering a spinal injury during an arrest in April 2015.

Seat belt use key part of testimony

In opening arguments, Schatzow said Goodson was "no rookie, no inexperienced officer." Goodson knew he was not in danger from Gray and should have put a seat belt on the prisoner, he said.

"Before Mr. Gray entered that vehicle, he could walk, he could run ... He could bear his own weight," he said. "After, he was fatally injured because he got in a rough ride."

A seat belt would have saved Gray's life, the prosecutor argued.

"The defendant had the keys to the vehicle," Schatzow said. "No one could get in or out without him."

Graham countered that his client didn't commit any crime and wasn't even involved in Gray's arrest. "The fact that seat belting did not occur with Mr. Gray was the norm, rather than the exception," he said.

The defense argued that Gray kicked and banged around in the back of the van. The prisoner injured himself in what the medical examiner initially termed a "freakish accident," according to Graham.

Baltimore police officer Dennis Smith testified Thursday that it's department policy to place prisoners in seat belts as long as it's safe for an officer to do so. Smith said an officer can use his or her own judgment on deciding whether a prisoner is combative and that he didn't train Goodson on doing so with a combative prisoner.

Smith and Lt. Scott Dressler testified they only taught students how to place belts on prisoners in police cruisers, not transport vans.

Herbert Reynolds, a Secret Service employee who taught a first responder first-aid course, testified he instructed Goodson and many other officers.

Reynolds said most first responders have "limited first aid equipment and training" and that it's not an officer's job to determine whether a prisoner is faking an injury. That's a doctor's job, he testified.

On cross-examination, defense attorney Matt Fraling asked whether an officer has a duty to act if he or she doesn't observe any medical distress. Reynolds said no.

The death of Gray, who was black, ignited a wave of protests as debate surged nationwide over whether police use excessive force, particularly against African-Americans.

Prosecutors have said that Gray complained of having trouble breathing and asked for medical help as he was driven in a police van. When he arrived at a police substation, he was unconscious. A week later, Gray died at a hospital from a spinal injury.

People hold hands during a rally at Baltimore City Hall on Sunday, May 3. The death of Freddie Gray, who died in police custody, sparked rioting in Baltimore and protests across the country.

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Members of the National Guard board a truck at an armory staging area on May 3 in Baltimore. After a night of relatively peaceful protests, the city lifted a curfew, the National Guard is preparing its exit and a mall that had been a flashpoint in the protests has been reopened.

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Medics take a man away after police pepper-sprayed him on Saturday, May 2, in Baltimore's Sandtown neighborhood where Freddie Gray was arrested in April.

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Police detain a man on May 2 in Baltimore's Sandtown neighborhood.

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Protesters hold signs on May 2 in the Sandtown neighborhood.

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Protesters march from the Gilmor Homes housing community, where Freddie Gray was arrested, to City Hall on Saturday, May 2, in Baltimore.

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Police in riot gear enforce a 10 p.m. curfew and clear Baltimore streets of protesters and media on Friday, May 1.

Demonstrators celebrate the announcement that six officers were charged May 1 in Gray's death.

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Demonstrators march through the streets of Baltimore after the charges against the officers were announced May 1.

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Police on horseback block a Baltimore street on May 1.

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A demonstrator celebrates in Baltimore the charges were announced on May 1.

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A member of the National Guard stands outside Baltimore City Hall as protesters gather on Wednesday, April 29.

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High school and college students march from Baltimore's Penn Station to City Hall on April 29.

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A community organizer later identified as Joseph Kent paces in front of riot police with his hands up during a curfew in Baltimore on Tuesday, April 28. Moments later, he was seen being arrested by police live on CNN. Kent's lawyer said on April 30 that his client had been released from jail. While some protesters defied the curfew and faced off with police, demonstrations Tuesday were largely peaceful.

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State Sen. Catherine E. Pugh embraces a protester while urging the crowd to disperse ahead of the 10 p.m. curfew.

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People attempt to stop protesters from approaching a police line on April 28.