Библиографическое описание:

Historically learning, scientific
analyzing the issue of the position of the local representative
authorities in our national statehood is of great importance. Because
for realizing the gist of these or those historical events, foremost,
it can be observed how they happened in particular condition of this
or that historical step, what steps have been passed and what
configured and significant changes happened in its development.
Without this kind of approaching, today, especially in the years of
independence forming the local representative authorities which are
the ingredient of our national statehood and understanding the point
of the political reforms regarding to developing their activity,
evaluating them fairly are difficult.

One more methodological situation should be
mentioned regarding this matter. That is the existence and
development of the representative authorities of the government in
Uzbekistan is completely tied with the historical evolution of
existence and development of our parliament.

It is known to us, in the local
government system, especially, representative authorities being the
historical view of the democratic principles which came into being in
our country; it has formally and significantly changed for thousand
years and has a particular experience.

According to the evidence of the
historical facts, in the past there were great states, their
political institutions and systems in the area of present Uzbekistan.
It is necessary to note many examples concerning the history of our
country. Having a long past and wealthy history our country’s
political independence has been firmly established, now in order to
put the past way, all its trends and developing steps into effect, we
should restudy the different spheres of our history analyzing fairly
in detail.

Particularly, representative
authorities occupy the leading part in the local government
authorities of all developed countries. Because of being elected by
direct, general, equal and hidden way of voting, a representative
authority has a right to act for the sake of public and make
decisions from its name. According to the evidence of the historical
facts, from the ancient times in Uzbekistan all the important
decisions, questions, whether concerning the internal life of the
country or the external policy; they were accepted directly with the
agreement of public and its representatives’ congress. Because
it is known from the world practice, in any country’s
government system, if the people’s wish were not taken into
consideration that kind of system had faced to decline.

As a well-known historian I.
Jabborov mentioned, from the ancient times, special persons, the
leaders of mahalla that is the most respectful people of the mahalla
led the society. From time to time he was elected and a patkoramong the men and akayvoniyor arepresentativeamong the women was appointed as a
helper of him. Naturally at that time the population of mahalla was
classified into different classification on the base of the
principles of the feudal system of that time.

However, no matter who he was,
the old men’s opinion was the final and important in the social
meetings. Ancient tribal and community relationships were positively
kept by the new era.

Academic E. Rtveladze, a lawyer A. Saidov and E.
Abdullayev noted the same idea. “In the primitive society
governing is interpreted with the existence of social government
institutions. One of them was the general meeting of the tribe and
the important problems were discussed and solved in it”-
they emphasized.

This kind of idea is explained
in our holy book Kuran. Specifically, in it, that is as it is
indicated in the verse 38, “Their (faithful men’s) work
is done by mutual deliberating”.

So, as it is obvious, the question whether it
belongs to the whole country or the region, of course, it was solved
on the basis of deliberation and by the agreement of the
representatives. Relating this participation of the public in the
work of state and society was provided by its representatives or
leaders’ of mahalla and it has become tradition from the
ancient time.

In one of the important source
in studying the history of our country, Zardushts’ holy book
“Avesto” much valuable information about the political
system of the society is indicated. As it is known from “Avesto”,
the socio-political system at that time consisted of hierarchical
steps which depend on each other, that is, a state, a king (kavi), a
leader of society (vis), a military chief (dahyu sastar), a supreme
court (zaratushtroema), the leaders’ council (varzanapati). The
position of the leaders’ council in the political system of the
society was very high.

So, from the century II BC to
the century III AD in the ancient Fergana (Parkana) state the
importance of the leaders’ council in the state life as very
high too. The head of the state was Van, in governing the state he
acted depending on his two deputies and the court of law of the state
works administering. Because the leaders’ council which acted
under his rule had the right to solve the war ad peace problems and
even the fate of the king, it was a democratic authority whose
reputation was very strong in the state.

The doctor of history, Professor
Sh. Mahmudbekov also notes the idea close to it. Accordingly he said:
“In the ancient Fergana (Parkana) state leaders’ council
solved the important problems such as declaring wars, making
agreements, appointing ministers and taxes, mobilizing for the social
works.”Particularly
at the time of Chinese attacking at Fergana the leaders’
council stood on the side of making mutual agreement and achieved it.
The ruler Muguy who was found guilty for the events relating to the
Chinese conquest, was executed by the decision of the leaders’
council. In the course of this, “The leaders’ council
worked in the ancient state Davan being permanent sometimes solved
the fate of the kings and ambassadors. For instance, during the
negotiations a Chinese ambassador angrily knocked the golden horse
sculpture over. The leaders found it offence for them selves and he
as executed”.

In the century II BC in the state of Qang
including Sugdiana, Horezm, lower and middle stream of the Sirdarya
the areas of present Uzbekistan, Karakalpakistan, and Southern
Kazakhstan there was leaders’ council advising in the Khan’s
presence. It can be seen that in the ancient Qang state the elected
King’s authority was depended on the leaders’ council and
meanwhile it was limited by the council. Electing a new ruler and the
King’s decision which was bequeathed for his son or close
relative to sit on the throne was officially confirmed by the
leaders’ council. Such tradition was particularly observed in
the next steps of our history.

In the time of Sakhibkiran Amir Temur too a great
attention was drawn to the position and role of the advising
authority in the life of state and society. As it was indicated in
the book “Temur Tuzuklari” a great attention was given to
deliberating, consulting and expertise in maintaining the state.

In the
book it was said: “The nine parts of the state works are
congress, course of action and counseling, the rest one part is a
sword”. According to the well-known historian academic B.
Ahmedov, for the consulting and congress held in the presence of Amir
Temur we can indicate the kurultoy and state congress. Kurultoy was
the council of supreme feudal layer in the time of Temur and time by
time the important issues of state life were discussed in it.

According to the historical
sources, kurultoys were held in Balh, Karshi, Karabag and Samarkand.
Such ceremony peculiar to the East was even called Nation’s
Meeting. Having been victorious over Temur’s enemies, one of
such kurultoys was held in Balh on April 8,
1369, and the noblemen of Cigatoy Ulus, the armed mils of temur the
amirs who were enemy to hium before and later passed to his service
participated in it. The well-known Hungarian historian H. Vamberi
wrote about it like that: In the Kurultoy held in Balh according to
the ancient Turkish tradition Temur was seated on a white felt,
raised high, after a short prayer he was declared as the Amir of
Movaraunnahr.

Amir Temur worked on the issues of the
state importance consulting with the special;ists on a definite
sphere. For instance, in 1403 scientists and specialists were invited
to the meeting of the council in Baylakon and they suggested their
recommendations about building social buildings and constructions and
public services.

So, one can be agree with the following
conclusion of a lawyer A. Dadasheva: “From the historical point
of view the formation of modern local government authorities date
back to the time of Sakhibkiran Amir Temur.”

So, today in deepening the
democratic progress occurring in our state, interpreting
the political ideas about modernizing the country, talking about the
ancient traditions peculiar to the national statehood, we find it
useful naturally addressing to the past and ancient traditions.