Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis is an intestinal infection caused by Salmonella bacteria. This bacteria lives in the intestinal tracts of animals and birds. The illness is transmitted
to people when they eat food that has been contaminated. Contaminated foods are often of animal origin (beef, poultry) but other foods such as eggs, unpasteurized milk and even
fruits and vegetables can become contaminated.

Causes

Salmonellosis most commonly occurs when we eat contaminated foods that have not been cooked properly or that have come into contact with the bacteria. Although more uncommon, the illness can
be transmitted through pet excrement (cats and dogs). Reptiles, such as lizards, turtles and iguanas almost always carry the bacteria and coming into contact with these animals can also cause this illness.
Having a reptile as a pet, especially if you have young children, is therefore not recommended.

Young children, seniors and those with weakened immune systems (weakened by AIDS or cancer) are at risk for more severe symptoms caused by salmonellosis.

Symptoms

In a small number of cases, Salmonella infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, causing severe illness such as typhoid fever, meningitis, pneumonia or Reiter syndrome.
Reiter syndrome is characterized by eye irritation, pain when urinating and joint pain. If left untreated, the syndrome can lead to arthritis.

Diagnosis

Since many different illnesses cause the same symptoms as Salmonella, the only way to make a diagnosis is through a stool culture. Once the bacteria has been identified, the type of Salmonella
and the appropriate treatment can be determined.

Treatment

Salmonella usually disappears on its own within 4 to 7 days after the start of symptoms. To prevent dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea, it is recommended that those infected drink electrolyte
replacement solutions (ex. Gastrolyte™, Pedialyte™). Since the risk of dehydration is greater in young children and seniors, they should be closely monitored. To learn more about the signs
and symptoms associated with dehydration, see the information sheet on DIARRHEA published by Vigilance Santé. In severe cases of dehydration, intravenous rehydration, done in hospital, is required.

In cases where the infection has spread to the blood stream, antibiotic treatment may be required.

The patient information leaflets are provided by Vigilance Santé Inc. This content is for information purposes only and does not in any manner whatsoever replace the opinion or advice of your health care professional. Always consult a health care professional before making a decision about your medication or treatment.