engShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017313214117050مقاله پژوهشیBrucella abortus L7/L12 Recombinant Protein Induces Strong Th1 Response in Acute Brucellosis PatientsEsra Kazak1Sergio Costa Oliveria2Güher Goral3Halis Akalin4Emel Yilmaz5Yasemin Heper6Haluk Barbaros Oraloralb@uludag.edu.tr7Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, TürkiyeDepartment of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Immunology Unit, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, TürkiyeDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, TürkiyeDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, TürkiyeDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, TürkiyeDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Immunology Unit, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, TürkiyeBackground: Because of high morbidity of the brucellosis in humans and the potential use of the microorganism as an agent of biologic warfare, protection of effective vaccines and specific diagnostic reagents become necessary to eradicate brucellosis. Objective: In this study we aimed to investigate the cytokine responses and changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subgroups of acute brucellosis patients in response to L7/L12 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) recombinant proteins derived from Brucella abortus. Methods: levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 secreted from PBMCs of 25 acute brucellosis patients and 15 healthy controls, stimulated with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), L7/L12 or GAPDH were measured by ELISA. Furthermore alterations in lymphocyte subgroups in response to these Brucella antigens were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Extracellular IFN-γ levels were found to be elevated after stimulation with L7/L12 in patients with acute brucellosis, whereas no significant changes were found in IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Similar data was also obtained with GAPDH, but the stimulation of IFN-γ production was not observed in all patients and was not as strong as that observed for L7/L12. Moreover, when the distribution of lymphocytes subgroups (CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD4+CD25+, CD3+CD69+ and CD3+CD152+) was evaluated, it was found that the stimulation with L7/L12 and GAPDH only led to an increase in the percentage of CD3+CD69+ lymphocytes. Conclusion: These data indicate that Brucella abortus L7/L12 or GAPDH induce a Th1 type immune response in acute brucellosis patients. Additionally, these recombinant proteins, especially L7/L12, may be used in new vaccine preparations and diagnostic tests.http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17050_25ad85c56c0ce05cefa1fa7b5d2387e0.pdfBrucellosisCytokineRecombinant ProteinsT LymphocytesengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017314214917051مقاله پژوهشیCandida albicans Structural and Secreted Proteins Modulate CD4/CD8 Ratio in Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes of Spontaneous Adenocarcinoma Bearing MiceMarzieh Holakuyee1Mohammad Hossein Yadegariyadegarm@modares.ac.ir2Zuhair Mohammad Hassan3Mansour Bayat4Ariyo Shahin Jafari5Mohsen Abolhassani6Abbas Ali Amini7Mehdi Mahdavi8Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran | Department of Medical MycologyDepartment of Medical MycologyDepartment of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical and Veterinary Mycology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical and Veterinary Mycology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of IranBuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranBackground: Candida albicans is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens that suppress immunologic mechanisms of the host. It is speculated that structural and secretory proteins of C. albicans have immunomodulatory effects in cancer. Objective: To evaluate the effects of C. albicans structural and secreted proteins on intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio as well as the survival rate in BALB/c tumor model. Methods: Structural and secretory proteins from C. albicans were isolated and examined for their effects on tumor growth and survival of adenocarcinoma bearing mice. Results: The results indicated that in mice treated with C. albicans structural protein, the survival rate significantly decreased compared with the control groups. Also, mice treated with secretory proteins showed a decrease in survival rate but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Investigating the frequency of tumor infiltrated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes indicated that the percentages of tumor infiltrated CD4+ T lymphocytes in response to structural and secreted proteins were higher compared to the control groups. Conclusion: Our study suggests that C. albicans structural and secreted proteins modulate intratumor T lymphocyte infiltration.http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17051_b02369f7b5b77a151aaf9a82f6e7f545.pdfcandida albicansLymphocytesSpontaneous AdenocarcinomaStructural ProteinsSecreted ProteinsengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017315016117052مقاله پژوهشیThe Use of Crude Plasmodium falciparum Antigens for Comparison of Antibody Responses in Patients with Mild Malaria vs. Cerebral MalariaBabacar Mbengue1Birahim Niang2Bacary Diatta3Adama Tali4Olivier Garraud5Ronald Perraut6Alioune Dieyealioune.dieye@ucad.edu.sn7Laboratoire d&#039;Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odontostomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, SénégalHôpital Principal, Service de Réanimation, Dakar, Séné- gal,Hôpital Principal, Service de Réanimation, Dakar, Séné- gal,Unité d&#039;Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, SénégalGIMAP – EA 3064, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Etienne, FranceInstitut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, FranceLaboratoire d&#039;Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odontostomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, SénégalBackground: Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the major causes of death in African populations infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Only 1% of infected subjects develop CM. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood, but it is likely that the host humoral response against blood-stage antigens plays a role in protection from malaria, although the precise targets and mechanisms mediating immunity remain unclear. Objective: The purpose of this study was to distinguish between defined P. falciparum- specific Ab response patterns in patients presenting with mild malaria (MM) vs. CM. Methods: We used a panel of P. falciparum conserved antigens including crude blood-stage extracts schizont, merozoite and parasitised erythrocyte membranes and MSP-1p19, PfEB200, R23 and GST-5 recombinant antigens in a retrospective casecontrol study of symptomatic adults, one group presenting confirmed CM without fatal outcome and another group with MM. We further matched P. falciparum-specific Ab responses with those from individuals living in an endemic setting known to have protective immunity and considered them as “immune control” subjects (IC). Total IgG, IgM and IgG subclass Ab responses were determined using ELISA method. Results: Substantial Ab responses were found in symptomatic patients, significantly lower than the “immune control” subjects, and with a limited quantitative difference between MM versus CM. Interestingly, asynchronous IgM response was evidenced in CM contrary to MM. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the contribution of an efficient IgG response against parasite multiplication is of importance in the evolution towards CM manifestation without fatal outcome and deserves further analysis for vaccine candidates.http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17052_9b186ac857ac83addfaafbce24eabb63.pdfAntibody ResponseCerebral MalariaNon-Complicated MalariaPlasmodium falciparumengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017316217617053مقاله پژوهشیCharacterization of Immune Responses Induced by Combined Clade-A HIV-1 Recombinant Adenovectors in MiceSayeed Bayanolhagh1Mahtab Alinezhad2Kooroosh Kamali3Maryam Foroughi4Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid5Minoo Mohraz6Fereidoun Mahboudimahboudi@pasteur.ac.ir7Ali Akbar Pourfathollahpourfa@modares.ac.ir8Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityResearch and Development Complex, Pasteur Institute of IranDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical SciencesGenetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical SciencesBiotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityBackground: Numerous evidences indicate that in some HIV-1 positive patients, the humoral and cellular immune responses are induced against HIV-1 proteins and this is inversely related to the progress of infection. Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation of the Adenovectors containing HIV genes in induction of immune responses in mice. Methods: The HIV-1 genes including gag p24, rev, nef and exon-1 of tat were amplified from HIV-1 RNA (clade-A). The cDNA of each gene was cloned into a transfer vector. The transfer vector was then co-transformed into E. coli strain BJ5183 together with pAdenovector ΔE1/E3. The recombinant adenoviral construct was transfected into QBI-293A cells. Recombinant viruses were purified and titrated on 293 cell plates. Expression of transgenes was evaluated using western blotting. Then 1012 viral particles were injected into 15 groups of 5 mice and all patterns of combination of these 4 HIV-1 genes were evaluated. After 2 weeks, humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated using ELISA, cell proliferation and ELISpot (IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ) assays, consecutively. Results: It was demonstrated that each gene was expressed. The response targets were mostly toward Th1, though several Th2 responses were also observed. Single injection in our study induced a good cellular response but the humoral responses were not as strong as the cellular ones. Conclusion: Considering and comparing all results and evaluating the various possible interactions revealed that simultaneous injection of tat and gag has enhanced the humoral and cellular responses.http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17053_a56798beda5e895af717a769b7188892.pdfAdenovectorCellular ResponsesHIV VaccineHumoral Immune ResponsesengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017317718517054مقاله پژوهشیExpansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus InfectionTyebeha Hashempoor1Taravat Bamdadbamdad_t@modares.ac.ir2Shahin Merat3Ehsan Janzamin4Leila Nemati5Hossain Jabbari6Amir-Houshang Sharifi7Hediyeh Zamini8Department of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University of Medical Sciences | Research and Development Center for Biotechnology (RDCB), Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranDigestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesRooyan InstituteRooyan InstituteDigestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDigestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDigestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesBackground: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been involved in impaired immunity and may have a pivotal role in persistence of viral infections. Objective: To develop a simple and reliable in-house three color flow cytometery of peripheral blood to understand the role of HCV infection in the increase of Tregs. Methods: The level of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) in 20 chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients was compared to those of 15 healthy individuals by flowcytometry. In a different approach we performed permeabilization and intracellular staining before surface staining which allows the preservation of the surface molecules in the combined detection process and results in the normal frequency of nTregs in blood. Results: Using the optimized method, it was shown that a significantly higher proportion of nTregs in the total CD4+ T cell population was seen in the peripheral blood of chronic HCV patients (0.83 ± 0.21%, p=0.05) as compared to controls (0.26 ± 0.1, p=0.05). Conclusions: In accordance with other studies, we showed that HCV infection induces a dramatic increase in Tregs, which might contribute to the immune response failure during HCV infection.http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17054_3fa6a00df422ef11d15ec6eeca3fef3c.pdfHepatitis C VirusFlowcytometry MethodNatural Regulatory T CellsengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017318619217055مقاله پژوهشیImpact of Opium on the Serum Levels of TGF-β in Diabetic, Addicted and Addicted-Diabetic RatsGholamreza Asadikaramasadi_ka@yahoo.com1Majid Asiabanha2Ahmadreza Sayadi3Abdollah Jafarzadehjafarzadeh14@yahoo.com4Gholamhossein Hassanshahighassanshahi@gmail.com5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran | Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranDepartments of PsychologyImmunologyHematology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranBackground: Several cells of immune system such as regulatory T cells and macrophages secrete transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in response to different stimuli. This cytokine has inhibitory effect on immune system and diminished production of this cytokine is associated with autoimmune disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of opium addiction on serum level of TGF-β in male and female diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: This experimental study was performed on normal, opium addicted, diabetic and addicted-diabetic male and female rats. Serum level of TGF-β was measured by ELISA. Results: The results of our study indicated that the mean serum level of TGF-β in female addicted rats was significantly increased compared to control group (phttp://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17055_a30a7ba6e32a5214a80a718edb939bdc.pdfaddictionDiabetesopiumTGF-βengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017319319717056Association of Salivary sCD14 Concentration Levels with Early Childhood CariesMina Biriadr.biriam@gmail.com1Mandana Sattarimandana.sattari@gmail.com2Mojtaba Vahid Golpayegani3Fahimeh Kooshki4Department of Pediatric DentistryDepartment of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,IranDepartment of Pediatric DentistryDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Ghazvin University of Medical Sciences, Ghazvin, IranBackground: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a severe type of dental caries affecting infants and pre-school children. Because of the infectious nature of the disease, the immunologic response by the host plays an essential role in its development. Objective: This study investigated the association between the presence of salivary sCD14 and ECC. Methods: This study was carried out on 40 healthy children, of whom 20 were caries-free (CF) and 20 had ECC, within the ages of 36 to 71 months. Unstimulated saliva of the children was collected with disposable needle-less syringe from buccal and labial vestibules. Seven children with ECC received complete treatments. Saliva was collected for a second time after 3 months from this group. The sCD14 levels in salivary samples were analyzed by ELISA method. Results: Mean concentrations of sCD14 in ECC and CF groups were 57.82 and 31.92 ng/ml respectively (p=0.008). After three months, the mean concentration of sCD14 among the treated children decreased to 11.38 ng/ml, which was significantly lower compared to that of ECC children before intervention (phttp://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17056_b94f13ba6fde2a20d733678244b97a9e.pdfdental cariesSalivasCD14engShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017319820117057Detection of Autoantibodies against Gangliosides in Guillain-Barré SyndromeHong-Liang Zhanghongliang.zhang@ki.se1Su-Jie Gao2Yi Yang3Jiang Wu4Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China | Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Anaesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China | Central Lab, ChinaJapan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Chinahttp://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17057_94deaf503a8888c8f9ba407592abe62d.pdfengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2010-09-017319820117058Detection of Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies in Guillain-Barre SyndromeViroj Wiwanitkitwviroj@yahoo.com1Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand 10160http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17058_2a501ff19189b09c70ad1ca0ddbb7970.pdf