* Candidate has a very good knowledge and understanding in chemistry. He/she master all the facts and concepts in chemistry * The explanation given is accurate, short and precise * Candidate use the chemical terms and spelling correctly * Candidate show all the calculation very well and can state the correct unit * The diagram drawn is functional and labeled completely * Enriched vocabullary and proper English used in essays * Correct spelling

GOOD CANDIDATES

* Candidate can understand facts and concepts in chemistry fairly * Explanations given are correct but sometimes too long causing the candidates lose mark * Candidate write answer for calculation without unit * The chemical equation unbalanced * The label of diagram is not complete * Moderate vocabulary with correct key words / terms used * Certain mistakes in spelling

SATISFACTORY CANDIDATES

* Candidate can only understand basic chemistry at the lower level * The candidates do not understand what is being asked by the question. Therefore the answer is short, blur and the message conveyed is quite difficult to understand * The candidates left blank space for explanation question * Candidate can not write the chemical formula, chemical equation and calculation correctly * Candidate does not understand the chemical process involved * Candidate also weak in using correct term, correct grammar and limited vocabulary used

SUGGESTION TO CANDIDATES :

1. Read the question carefully to understand the task.2. Should plan in writing the answer to make sure the answers are correct, accurate and precise including using the right terms.3. Answer should contain accurate and precise facts in detail to avoid misunderstanding, wrong interpretation and doubt.4. Must fully master all basic chemistry concepts especially the mole concept and periodic table of element.5. Always do exercise in drawing correct diagram and label it completely6. Understand when to use the formula and name7. Write unit when doing calculation8. Memorize chemical symbol in order to write balance equation9. Can differentiate between atom, ion and molecule10. Can differentiate between electrochemical series and reactivity series.11. Use scientific term correctly, correct grammar and language in answering the question.

SUGGESTION TO TEACHERS :

1. Teaching and learning must cover all chapters.2. Give exercise right after teaching each topic to enhance learning.3. Enhance teaching and learning by mastering chemistry concept especially mole concept.4. Teach student how to draw correct diagram with complete labeling – not by asking the student to copy it from text book.5. Always give student task with question at difference level of difficulty.6. Guide student to understand task and on how to write good answers.7. Expose students on how to write good essay8. Teacher should ensure that the candidates understand the application that is being taught in everyday life because some of questions on application to daily life.9. Always use correct and accurate terms and give accurate meaning of concept in teaching and learning.

10. Always encourage student to use correct grammar and language in answering question.

Wednesday, August 20, 2008

Thursday, August 14, 2008

Sunday, July 13, 2008

Chemistry can be divided into branches according to either the substances studied or the types of study conducted. The primary division of the first type is between inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. Divisions of the second type are physical chemistry and analytical chemistry.

The original distinction between organic and inorganic chemistry arose as chemists gradually realized that compounds of biological origin were quite different in their general properties from those of mineral origin; organic chemistry was defined as the study of substances produced by living organisms. However, when it was discovered in the 19th cent. that organic molecules can be produced artificially in the laboratory, this definition had to be abandoned. Organic chemistry. is most simply defined as the study of the compounds of carbon. Inorganic chemistry. is the study of chemical elements and their compounds (with the exception of carbon compounds).

Physical chemistry. is concerned with the physical properties of materials, such as their electrical and magnetic behavior and their interaction with electromagnetic fields. Subcategories within physical chemistry are thermochemistry, electrochemistry, and chemical kinetics. Thermochemistry is the investigation of the changes in energy and entropy that occur during chemical reactions and phase transformations (see states of matter). Electrochemistry concerns the effects of electricity on chemical changes and interconversions of electric and chemical energy such as that in a voltaic cell. Chemical kinetics is concerned with the details of chemical reactions and of how equilibrium is reached between the products and reactants.

Analytical chemistry. is a collection of techniques that allows exact laboratory determination of the composition of a given sample of material. In qualitative analysis all the atoms and molecules present are identified, with particular attention to trace elements. In quantitative analysis the exact weight of each constituent is obtained as well. Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the weights of the chemicals participating in chemical reactions. See also chemical analysis.

Friday, April 11, 2008

Chemistry is the science that deals with and investigates the composition, properties, and transformation of substances and various elementary forms of matter. The chemistry major provides broad and comprehensive training in all areas of modern chemistry.The program includes course work in the major subdisciplines of chemistry - inorganic, organic, physical, biological and analytical.The curriculum is designed to permit the student a wide range of career choices including, but not limited to, chemistry, medicine, law, business, chemical physics, environmental science, and secondary school teaching.