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Testy. Urinalyses. Types of epileptic seizures. Whether you, or someone you know, has had a single seizure or has been diagnosed with epilepsy, it may help to identify the type of seizures that are relevant to you, and how they affect you.

Are all seizures the same? There are different types of epileptic seizures, but they all start in the brain. There are other types of seizures which may look like epileptic seizures but they do not start in the brain. Some seizures are caused by conditions such as low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) or a change to the way the heart is working. Some very young children have 'febrile convulsions' (jerking movements) when they have a high temperature. On this page when we use the word ‘seizure’ we mean epileptic seizure. The brain and epileptic seizures The brain has millions of nerve cells (or neurones) which control the way we think, move and feel. The brain has many different functions. How epilepsy is described You may see epilepsy described in two ways.

Epilepsy Foundation. What is it like?

Reflex epilepsies are a group of epilepsy syndromes in which a certain stimulus brings on seizures. The stimulus can be something simple in the environment or something more complex like reading, writing, doing arithmetic, or even thinking about specific topics.
Thalamocortical oscillations. Oscillatory activity is an emerging property of the thalamocortical system.

The various oscillatory rhythms generated in the thalamocortical system are mediated by two types of mechanisms: intrinsic mechanisms, which depend on the interplay between specific intrinsic currents. Extrinsic or network mechanisms, which require the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory neurons within a population. Intrinsic and network mechanisms can work alone (e.g., thalamic delta oscillations depend on the intrinsic properties of thalamic relay cells, cortical slow oscillation depends on network properties) or in combination (e.g., spindles depend on the interaction between thalamic relay and reticular neurons as well as on their intrinsic properties).

The patterns and the dominant frequencies of thalamocortical oscillations depend on the functional state of the brain.
Absence seizure. Absence seizures are one of several kinds of seizures.

These seizures are sometimes referred to as petit mal seizures (from the French for "little illness", a term dating from the late 18th century).[1] Absence seizures are characterized by a brief loss and return of consciousness, generally not followed by a period of lethargy (without a notable postictal state). Signs and symptoms[edit] The clinical manifestations of absence seizures vary significantly among patients.[2][3][4] Impairment of consciousness is the essential symptom, and may be the only clinical symptom, but this can be combined with other manifestations. The hallmark of the absence seizures is abrupt and sudden-onset impairment of consciousness, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward rotation of the eyes. If the patient is speaking, speech is slowed or interrupted; if walking, he or she stands transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on its way to the mouth. Video Example[edit]
Epilepsy Foundation.

What is an absence seizure?

An absence seizure causes a short period of “blanking out” or staring into space. Like other kinds of seizures, they are caused by abnormal activity in a person’s brain. You may also hear people call absence seizures petit mal (“PUH-tee mahl”) seizures, although that name is not common anymore. There are two types of absence seizures: Simple absence seizures: During a simple absence seizure, a person usually just stares into space for less than 10 seconds.