All major vendors offering advanced visualization software now offer structural heart planning. This is an example of GE Healthcare's Valve Assist software being used to determine the best location of a transseptal puncture to deliver a left atrial appendage (LAA) occluder.

Microscopic images of a normal heart valve in a mouse, left, and a heart valve grown in a lab with heart-derived macrophages blocked, right. Without those macrophages, the valves are thick and deformed. Image courtesy of Developmental Cell/UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center.