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Countries sometimes postpone consolidations until the economy recovers  consolidation will be associated with good economic outcomes

If a country is committed to deficit reduction path and the economy falls into recession  it may implement further measures, associating fiscal consolidations with unfavorable economic outcomes

Focus on sustained consolidations (method frequently adopted in the literature) could bias toward finding expansionary effects: countries may sustain consolidation if economy recovers, but may suspend in case on unfavorable outcomes

Spending cuts: politically more difficult ones (such as wages and entitlements) contribute more to success and boost credibility more

Jens Henriksson (2007) - Lesson six (from his Ten lessons of about budget consolidation) „Act structurally but be consistent”: spending cuts should apply to all items, yet education should be preserved and poverty traps be avoided

Is fiscal consolidation needed now? Likely yes in the short term, and surely yes in the medium/long term, for all countries, but country specific factors matter a lot in the timing and magnitude of adjustments

When the shock is private deleveraging (especially in the aftermath of a financial crisis) and this is expected to continue at a significant scale: non-Keynesian effects of even well designed fiscal consolidations can be weaker

Prudent policies based on conservative growth and interest rate assumptions are needed

Low public debt is the greatest contribution of fiscal policy to growth