This parameter is used to control and adapt flight behavior according to the

+

requirements of the pilot. It has significant impact on a pirouetting maneuvers (cyclic steering), but not pirouettes (rudder) itself.

+

Parameter has no impact on a stability. Generally, for bigger models higher value is recommended.

−

較低的參數值意味著模型將表現得更加一致，

+

''Lower values'' mean that the model will behave in a more consistent,

−

模型比校上受控和感覺更像機械化。

+

controlled manner and will feel more linear and robotic. It could introduce a delay to the steering. Angular momentum will be held more constantly.

−

更高的價值意味著更自然的行為。 相對上更敏捷的反應，

+

−

有點像有副翼一樣。

+

−

這參數不影響模型的穩定性。 大多數飛行員喜歡默認值為4。

+

''Higher values'' mean a more natural behavior. The response to stick movements will be more flybar-like where fast movement will introduce agressive response. But a small movements near the center will be more precise. It can help to make tic-tocs faster. End of each cyclic input will become faster.

+

+

Recommended value for the most pilots: 4.

'''通道分配 (Channels)'''<br />

'''通道分配 (Channels)'''<br />

Line 196:

Line 202:

您可以使用此功能同時配置3個不同的參數和功能(例如救援模式)。

您可以使用此功能同時配置3個不同的參數和功能(例如救援模式)。

−

If function ''(F)'' is assigned, it is engaged when it's value is equal to 1.

+

如果分配了功能“（F）”，當它的參數值等於1，這個功能將會打開。

−

Vibration analysis function allows you to measure vibrations during the flight. It is described later in the Diagnostic tab section.

When parameter tuning is complete, it is recommended to open the software and save the settings to the unit. Then unassign the parameter so the value can't be changed anymore.

+

參數調整完成後，建議打開軟件並將設置保存到Spirit FBL。 然後取消分配了的參數，使其值不能再更改。

−

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] It is recommended to always carry extreme caution to not loose control of the model!

+

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] 當你調校時請務必小心，不要失去控制！

}}

}}

−

=== DIAGNOSTIC TAB ===

+

=== 診斷選項 (DIAGNOSTIC TAB) ===

−

Once the settings in the previous tab have been completed, it is now

+

當你在上一個選項中設置完成，這時我們建議您請在遙控器裡作出任何調整和變更，使得遙控器控制與顯示中的系統有一樣的輸出。

−

recommended to make any adjustments and changes required in the

+

簡單來說，每個遙控器的操縱桿中心點從來都不一樣的。

−

transmitter so that the transmitter controls match the displayed system's

+

環境因數影響和磨損也可能產生影響令中心點常有波動。

−

outputs.

+

另一個考慮因素是每個通道裡的最大值和最小值。

−

Generally, each transmitter is different and the center of the channel is never

+

在這裡，您可以使用遙控器的舵機端點(Servo endpoint)來作調整。

−

exactly the same.

+

−

Wear and environmental influences can also have an effect causing the

+

−

center of the channels to fluctuate.

+

−

Another consideration is the maximum and minimum value of each channel.

+

−

Here, you adjust your throws using your transmitter's servo endpoint

+

−

adjustments.

+

[[File:3en.png|center|500px]]

[[File:3en.png|center|500px]]

−

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] For proper operation of the unit, it is necessary that movement of each

+

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] For a proper operation of the unit, it is necessary that movement of each

−

channel correspond with the bars. Direction of the movement must be same

+

channel correspond with the bars. Direction of the movement must match with the sticks as well.

−

as well.

+

}}

}}

−

Secondly it is necessary to check the values of aileron, elevator, pitch and

+

Secondly, it is necessary to check the values of aileron, elevator, pitch and

rudder channels. These channels must be centered at approximately 0%.

rudder channels. These channels must be centered at approximately 0%.

The unit automatically detects the neutral position during each initialization.

The unit automatically detects the neutral position during each initialization.

−

<u>Do not use subtrim or trim functions on your transmitter for these channels,</u> as the Spirit FBL unit will consider these as an input command.

+

請不要在遙控器上使用輔助微調(subtrim)或微調(trim)功能，因為Spirit FBL會將其視為輸入命令。

Ensure all subtrims and trims are zeroed.

Ensure all subtrims and trims are zeroed.

−

It is also recommended to set the maximum and minimum values.

−

It is also recommended to set the maximum and minimum values. Test the minimum and maximum throws for all channels, if these values are not equal to -100% and 100% in the diagnostic tab it is necessary to adjust your

+

還有建議設置最大值和最小值。 測試所有通道的最小和最大值，如果這些值在診斷選項中不等於-100％和100％，遙控器裡的端點將需要調整。

−

transmitter endpoints to correct this.

+

−

After these adjustments, everything should be configured with regards to the transmitter.

problem. With this information you can easily identify and fix any problems with your model.

+

−

To check condition of the model you can see "Vibrations" bar. This indicate general vibration amplitude in selected axis.

+

要檢查模型的狀態，您可以看到“振動”(Vibration)欄。 這顯示出所選那個軸的振動幅度。

−

It is possible to measure vibrations in three separate axes:<br />

+

振動分析可以在三個獨立的軸上測量振動：<br />

−

*''X - elevator axis''

+

*''X - 升降軸 (Elevator axis)''

−

*''Y - aileron axis''

+

*''Y - 副翼軸 (Aileron axis)''

−

*''Z - rudder axis''

+

*''Z - 尾軸 (Rudder axis)''

−

*''In-Flight - flight vibration player''

+

*''In-Flight - 飛行振動播放器 (Flight vibration player)''

−

The live graph shows frequencies for the currently selected axis. This enables you to see both the frequency and magnitude of the vibration on the selected axis.

+

這個圖實時顯示當前所選軸的頻率。 這使您能夠清楚看到所選軸上振動的頻率和幅度。

−

Vibrations are transmitted to each axes dependent on several, various factors. Frequencies and magnitude are dependent on the model construction. Generally, the vibrations are the highest on Y axis (aileron) but we recommend you check all axes each time you are doing measurement.

+

振動是根據多種因素傳輸到每個軸。 頻率和幅度取決於模型的結構。 通常的振動在Y軸（副翼）上是最高的，我們建議您在每次進行測量時檢查所有軸。

−

However vibrations should not exceed 50% for all axes at any time.

+

但請注意所有軸的振動不應超過50％。

−

In the case vibrations are at 90% or more, the model has an issue that needs to be rectified.

recommended to fix whatever issue is causing these extreme vibrations before flying the model. Even though Spirit FBL unit is highly resistant to vibrations, these could cause unwanted interactions with the Spirit FBL unit and could also cause mechanical failure of the model. Such high vibrations can cause Loctite to fail and other mechanical parts to break.

+

−

Vibration levels:<br />

+

振動級別：<br />

−

*Vibrations up to 50% - vibrations at a normal and acceptable level

+

*振動到達50％ - 振動在正常和可接受的水平 (Vibrations at a normal and acceptable level)

−

*Vibrations between 50% and 90% - raised vibration levels

+

*振動在50％和90％之間 - 振動提高水平 (Raised vibration levels)

−

*Vibrations exceeding 90% - extreme vibration levels

+

*振動超過90％ - 過高的振動水平 (Extreme vibration levels)

−

As well as overall vibration levels not exceeding 50%, any specific frequency (peak) should not exceed 50%. Anything above this level should be cause for concern and requires further investigation.

+

除了總體振動水平不超過50％，任何特定頻率（峰值）不應超過50％。 任何高於這一級別都需要進一步檢查。

−

For comparing the graphs, you can use the ''Freeze'' button. The current live graph is displayed and the graph captured using the ''Freeze'' button is saved and will be displayed as subgraph. This graph can be deleted with the ''Clear'' button.

It is possible to save the Spectrum analyser graphs. Using the ''To image'' button, the current graph will be saved as an image.

+

可以保存圖表的。 使用“To image”按鈕，把當前圖形將被保存為jpg。

−

The Spectrum analyser is able to detect the vibration frequencies up to 500Hz (rotating parts at speeds up to 30,000 RPM).

+

振動分析能夠檢測高達500Hz的振動頻率（轉速高達30,000 RPM的旋轉部件）。

[[File:3_1fen.png|center|500px]]

[[File:3_1fen.png|center|500px]]

−

'''Measurement procedure'''

+

'''測量程序'''

−

#Remove main and tail blades from the model.

+

從模型中移除主槳和尾槳。

−

#Place the model on a suitable, soft surface (e.g. carpet, grass).

+

−

#Set blade pitch at approximately 0° on both main and tail rotors.

+

−

#Run the Spectrum analyser (this also freezes all servos).

+

−

#Spin up the motor to the usual flight RPM.

+

−

#Switch between the X, Y and Z axes, saving an image of each.

+

−

#Check vibrations in all axes.

+

−

#Stop the motor.

+

−

'''Recognizing vibrations'''

+

1.將模型放置在合適的柔軟表面（如地毯，草坪）上。

−

To recognize which component or part is causing abnormal vibrations it is necessary to determine the speed of the highest peaks. The main rotor will have the lowest speed and the tail rotor speed will be approximately 4.5x higher. Generally, the smaller the size of the model, the higher the headspeed will be.

+

2.在主槳夾和尾槳夾上設置大約0°。

−

In order to find out which part of the model is causing the unwanted vibrations, move cursor to the peak and check the head speed (RPM). The speed of the main rotor is usually in the range of 1500 to 3500 RPM. Therefore, if the speed is within this range, it is likely that there is a problem with the main gear, main shaft, main shaft bearings or rotor head itself.

+

3.使用振動分析儀（伺服器不會動）。

+

將電機旋轉到常規飛行轉速。

−

Most excessive vibrations are usually, although not always, tail related. To check if there are vibrations coming from the tail you should find the frequency peak that is approximately 4.5x higher than the frequency of the main rotor.

+

4.在X，Y和Z軸之間切換，保存每個圖像。

−

Once you identify which part of the helicopter is causing the unwanted vibrations, you can gradually remove components of the suspect assembly, repeating the measurement process until the vibration disappears.

+

5.檢查所有軸上的振動。

−

Once the vibration levels have dropped to an acceptable level, you have found the suspect component and can replace it.

+

−

Measuring with tail blades installed carries some safety concerns and will also show increased levels of vibration.

+

6.停止馬達。

−

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] Gasser motors shouldn't be operated without load! Vibration measurement can't be performed without blades.

This feature allows you to record vibration spectrum from any moment of the flight. By selected channel you can tell the unit when the spectrum should be taken. The spectrum can be later viewer in the Spirit Settings software with the ''In-Flight'' option in the Diagnostic/Spectrum analyzer. Saved vibration spectrum will be stored until unit will lost the power. Saved record is rewritten on repeated activation.

As soon as the value is equal to 1 the vibration spectrum is saved. The record is saved exactly at the moment when function will change it's state from 0 to 1.

+

一旦該值等於1，就可以保存振動頻譜。 當功能值從0改為1時，該記錄會立刻保存。

−

During flight it is enough to change state of selected switch of your transmitter (for example 2-state switch). After landing you can connect unit with the software and open the Vibration analyzer (select ''In-Flight'' axis to display the spectrum).

The tester is used for determining whether your power supply for the unit, receiver and servos is sufficient.

+

這個測試用於確定您的Spirit，接收器和伺服器電源是否足夠。

−

The purpose is to achieve the biggest current spike and verify that your supply voltage will not drop under the safe level.

+

這個測試目的是實現最大的電流值，並測試您的電源電壓不會下降到安全級別以下。

[[File:Becen.png|center|400px]]

[[File:Becen.png|center|400px]]

−

Click the ''Start'' button to start the test. After 20 seconds it should be finished.

+

單擊“開始”(Start)按鈕開始測試。 20秒後應該會完成。

−

If you will observe any issue, then your power supply is insufficient and should not be used. In this case power supply with higher current rating should used.

+

如果您發現任何問題，您的電源不足，請不要使用。 在這種情況下，您應使用可以准許電流較高的BEC。

−

'''LOG VIEWER'''

+

'''日誌查看 (Log Viewer)'''

−

The log is used to record events during flight. If a problem occurs and the reason isn't immediately known or evident, checking the log can help in identifying the issue.

+

日誌用於在飛行過程中記錄事件。 如果發生問題，您不能立即知道或不明顯的時後，檢查日誌可以幫助您識別問題。

−

It works in such a way that it records various events from the time the unit is powered on. If an event occurred you can see this in the log, reporting to the log is done every 10sec. When you click the ''Open log'' button you can see the current flight log which contains all the events from the last flight. When the power is disconnected, the log is cleared.

In the case of a major problem occurring during the flight [[File:Tr.png|20px]], the log is then saved permanently to the unit's memory and remains there until such time as the log is opened.

+

在飛行過程中出現重大問題的時後[[文件：Tr.png | 20px]]，日誌將永久保存到本機的內存中，並保留在該位置，直到日誌打開為止。

−

If there is a saved log in memory, the user is advised with the message “Log from previous flight is available!” and the log from the flight when the problem occurred is opened. For example, when a signal is lost or the power supply failed you can find this in the log. The log from the first flight where the major problem occurred is always saved. If this is not opened, then it will not be overwritten with a newer one. In this state, the user is also notified by different cyclic pitch pump during the initialization process - elevator servo will change it's movement direction.

:: <div style="font-size:small">Governor achieved requested RPM and is active from this moment.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">定速實現了所需的轉速，並在使用定速。 (Governor achieved requested RPM and is active from this moment.)</div>

−

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] Cyclic Ring Activated:

+

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] 循環開啟： (Cyclic Ring Activated:)

−

:: <div style="font-size:small">Cyclic achieved its maximum tilt angle. This indicates the model was unable to do the desired correction as necessary. In most cases it is not relevant. But it is possible that the value of the Cyclic Ring parameter is too low and the model can't rotate as fast as intended in the aileron/elevator axes. Alternatively, a too high value for rotational speed could be configured. It is also possible that in fast forward flight the model can pitch-up rapidly. We recommend to set this parameter as high as mechanically possible.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">循環螺距達到其最大攻角。 這表明模型無法根據需要進行所需的校正。 在大多數情況下，這是沒太大關係的。 但是如循環(Cyclic Ring)參數值太低，模型將不能按照副翼(Aileron)/升降(Elevator)軸中預期的滾動速度。 或者，可以配置了太高的轉速值。在快速飛行中(Fast Forward Flight)，模型可能會快速俯仰。 我們建議改變一下機械可許下的參數值。 (Cyclic achieved its maximum tilt angle. This indicates the model was unable to do the desired correction as necessary. In most cases it is not relevant. But it is possible that the value of the Cyclic Ring parameter is too low and the model can't rotate as fast as intended in the aileron/elevator axes. Alternatively, a too high value for rotational speed could be configured. It is also possible that in fast forward flight the model can pitch-up rapidly. We recommend to set this parameter as high as mechanically possible.)</div>

−

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] Rudder Limit Reached:

+

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] 尾舵限制：(Rudder Limit Reached:)

−

:: <div style="font-size:small">The rudder servo reached its configured limit. When this event occurs before or after a flight it is not a problem. If you see this during flight it indicates that the rudder did not operate correctly. In most cases it is visible during flight as poor rudder response or “blow out”. If the model is set up correctly then it could be due to low rudder efficiency such as the tail blades being too short or headspeed too low. There is also the possibility of a mechanical issue or with the rudder limits being inadequate.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">尾舵伺服器達到其配置極限。 當這個事件發生在飛行之前或之後，這不是問題。 如果在飛行過程中看到這一點，則說明尾舵沒有正常運行。 在大多數情況下，在飛行過程中可見尾舵反應不佳或控不住尾舵(Blow out)。 如果模型設置正確，那麼可能是由於尾舵伺服器太慢，如尾槳太短或者主轉速太低(Headspeed too load)。 還有可能是機械問題或尾舵限制不足。 (The rudder servo reached its configured limit. When this event occurs before or after a flight it is not a problem. If you see this during flight it indicates that the rudder did not operate correctly. In most cases it is visible during flight as poor rudder response or “blow out”. If the model is set up correctly then it could be due to low rudder efficiency such as the tail blades being too short or headspeed too low. There is also the possibility of a mechanical issue or with the rudder limits being inadequate.)</div>

−

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] RPM Sensor data are too noisy:

+

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] 轉速傳感器數據太嘈雜： (RPM Sensor data are too noisy:)

−

:: <div style="font-size:small">RPM readout is very unstable and are oscilating more than +/- 100 RPM. Data from the sensor are unusable for the Governor. Use additional shielding and mount a ferite rings. Increase value of the RPM Sensor filter parameter in the Expert settings.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">轉速讀數非常不穩定，轉速超過+/- 100 RPM。 傳感器的數據不可用於定速。 要使用額外的屏蔽和安裝鐵環(Ferite rings)。 在專家設置(Expert Settings)中增加轉速傳感器雜信過濾參數值。 (RPM readout is very unstable and are oscilating more than +/- 100 RPM. Data from the sensor are unusable for the Governor. Use additional shielding and mount a ferite rings. Increase value of the RPM Sensor filter parameter in the Expert settings.)</div>

−

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] Received Frame was Corrupted:

+

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] 接收裡有一幀是錯誤的： (Received Frame was Corrupted:)

−

:: <div style="font-size:small">Received frame is unusable and will be ignored. In the most cases it does not present any problem. If the event is occuring often, then connection between receiver can be wrong or there is excess noise. Verify quality of the link and check the cable between unit and receiver.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">接收裡有一幀是不可用的，它將被忽略。 在大多數情況下，它是沒有任何問題的。但如果事件發生頻密，則接收機之間的連接可能出錯或存在過多的雜信。 驗證連線的質量，並檢查Spirit和接收器之間的電綫。 (Received frame is unusable and will be ignored. In the most cases it does not present any problem. If the event is occuring often, then connection between receiver can be wrong or there is excess noise. Verify quality of the link and check the cable between unit and receiver.)</div>

−

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] RPM Sensor data are lost:

+

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] GeoLink function is imprecise:

−

:: <div style="font-size:small">Sensor data reading failed - RPM sensor malfunction probably occured. Sensor is not sending data for 2 seconds or longer. Make sure, that the sensor wiring is correct and that the motor is spinning when Hold is disarmed.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">GeoLink feature is not functioning properly. GeoLink Compass might require new calibration. Make sure there are no nearby motors, servos or magnets near the module.</div>

−

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] Receiver Signal Lost:

+

[[File:Zv.png|20px]] GeoLink Data were Corrupted:

−

:: <div style="font-size:small">Signal lost suddenly. This problem should not occur at any time and must be resolved before the next flight. There could be a problem with the receiver and/or transmitter antennas. It could be a faulty receiver cable or the connection between the unit and receiver. In some cases signal loss can happen because of electrostatic discharge caused by static build up, this usually occurs in belt driven helicopters.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">GeoLink communication quality is imperfect. Verify cable between GeoLink and Spirit unit. Make sure there are no static discharges coming from a belt. Use the shortest possible cable.</div>

−

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] Main Loop Hang Occurred:

+

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] 轉速傳感器數據丟失： (RPM Sensor data are lost:)

−

:: <div style="font-size:small">The main loop was delayed. This can happen when wiring is incorrect or there is abnormal electrical noise interference with the unit, for example, from a BEC. If using the configuration software it could mean the link to the Spirit FBL unit is slower than it should be.</div>

:: <div style="font-size:small">Power supply voltage is lower than 2.9V. This mean you have to use a BEC that is capable of handling higher loads. In rare cases it could be faulty connections in cables.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">信號突然消失。 這個問題不應該在任何時候發生，請必須在下一次飛行之前解決。 接收機和/遙控器天線可能存在問題。 有可能是故障的接收器電綫或Spirit和接收器之間的連接。 在某些情況下，由於靜電積聚引起靜電放電，可能會引發信號丟失，這通常發生在皮帶驅動的直升機中。 (Signal lost suddenly. This problem should not occur at any time and must be resolved before the next flight. There could be a problem with the receiver and/or transmitter antennas. It could be a faulty receiver cable or the connection between the unit and receiver. In some cases signal loss can happen because of electrostatic discharge caused by static build up, this usually occurs in belt driven helicopters.)</div>

−

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] Vibration Level is very high:

+

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] 主循環發生停頓： (Main Loop Hang Occurred:)

−

:: <div style="font-size:small">Vibration level achieved the level that is not normal and can affect integrity of the helicopter. During hard 3D maneuvers the event can occur more frequently.</div>

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">主循環延遲或停頓了。 可能是當前接線不正確或與Spirit有異常的電子干擾（例如BEC），可能會發生這種情況。 如果使用配置軟件，這可能意味著與Spirit的USB鏈接速度比正常的慢。 (The main loop was delayed. This can happen when wiring is incorrect or there is abnormal electrical noise interference with the unit, for example, from a BEC. If using the configuration software it could mean the link to the Spirit FBL unit is slower than it should be.)</div>

+

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] 電源電壓低： (Power Voltage is low:)

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">電源電壓低於2.9V。 這意味著您必須使用能夠處理更高負載的BEC。 在極少數情況下，電綫連接可能有故障。 (Power supply voltage is lower than 2.9V. This mean you have to use a BEC that is capable of handling higher loads. In rare cases it could be faulty connections in cables.)</div>

−

All reviewed logs are saved as PDF files into Documents directory.

+

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] 振動非常高： (Vibration Level is very high:)

+

:: <div style="font-size:small">振動水平達到不正常水平，可影響直升機的控制完整性。 在高難度或過激烈的3D操作過程中，事件可能會發生得更頻繁。 (Vibration level achieved the level that is not normal and can affect integrity of the helicopter. During hard 3D maneuvers the event can occur more frequently.)</div>

−

=== SERVOS TAB ===

+

[[File:Tr.png|20px]] GeoLink connection is broken:

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:: <div style="font-size:small">GeoLink module communication stopped unexpectedly. All GeoLink features will be unaccessible. Please verify cable between GeoLink and Spirit unit. Make sure that GeoLink LED light is not flashing after landing.</div>

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This tab is used for servo configuration, care should be taken to ensure correct frequencies are used and that the directions are set correctly.

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所有飛行的日誌都將保存為PDF文件到Documents目錄。

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=== 伺服器選項 (SERVOS TAB) ===

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此選項用於伺服器配置，請注意確保伺服器正確的工作頻率，並設置使用的方向。

[[File:4en.png|center|500px]]

[[File:4en.png|center|500px]]

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'''Type'''<br />

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'''類型 (Type)'''<br />

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In this section, set the values for neutral pulse and frequency according to your servo manufacturer specifications.

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在這裡，根據您的伺服器製造商的規格設置中位，脈沖和頻率的值。

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For analog servos the frequency is usually a maximum of 60Hz.

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對於舊式舵機，頻率通常最大為60Hz。

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'''Subtrim (tuning)'''<br />

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'''輔助微調 (調校) (Subtrim (tuning))'''<br />

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Ideally, without the rotor head installed, use a swash leveler to align the swash and servo horns so that the swashplate and servo horns are horizontal and perpendicular to the main shaft.

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在沒有安裝主旋頭的情況下，使用十字盤調平器對齊十字盤和伺服臂，使十字盤和伺服臂對主軸呈90度。

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This is done by ticking the item Subtrim (tuning). This will put the Spirit FBL unit into a special mode where the collective position will be neutral with the servos centered. In addition, stabilization will be disabled.

Servos can easily be adjusted at this time. When completed, the swashplate should be exactly perpendicular to the main shaft and in addition collective pitch should be at 0° (it is possible to measure the pitch angle using a pitch gauge with rotor head and blades attached).

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此時您可以輕鬆調整伺服器。 完成後，循環螺距與主軸完全垂直，此外，集體螺距應為0°（您也可以使用主槳來量度槳距角）。

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In most cases, it is also necessary for servo horns to be perpendicular to the main shaft.

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在大多數情況下，伺服臂也必須對主軸呈90度。

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All servos, i.e., CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4, are set separately on individual sliders. CH1 and CH3 are the aileron servos. CH2 controls the elevator and CH4 controls the rudder.

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所有舵機，CH1，CH2，CH3和CH4可分別設置在軟件各選項上。 CH1和CH3是副翼舵機。 CH2控制升降，CH4控制尾舵。

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It is also necessary to set the subtrim and mechanics of the rudder so that the servo horn is perpendicular to its case and rudder pitch is at 0°.

Once set up, un-tick the ''Subtrim (tuning)'' check box to turn off this special mode.

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一旦設置，可以取消勾選 微調（Subtrim）關閉此特殊模式。

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] After exiting the special mode, stabilization and rudder will work again. Be sure your collective pitch channel is configured correctly in the transmitter. That means you should see -100% to 100% in the diagnostic tab. Double check that 0% in diagnostic tab corresponds with middle position of your collective/throttle stick (with linear -100% - 100% collective pitch curve).

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] '''Micro helicopters and µSpirit:''' When Tail rotor is driven by a dedicated motor, the Rudder ESC performance can be noticeably improved by configuring ''Low RPM'' value to achieve the lowest spinning RPM for the Tail rotor. This can be configured by ''Subtrim (CH4) - Low RPM'' - the value has impact on lift off and symmetrical turning performace. }}

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'''Servo reverse'''<br />This allows you to choose which servos should have their direction of motion reversed. While changing the collective pitch all servos should move in same direction. After this settings the model should react correctly to the sticks movement.

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'''This parameter is the most important!'''

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'''Servo travel correction'''<br />Here, you are able to modify and correct travel for each servo individually. Some servos are not very accurate in regards to travel at their limits and this inaccuracy may have a negative impact on flight characteristics. Once in this section of the software, the unit switches to a mode for doing these corrections.

The procedure is such that you should use a swash leveler to determine whether there is any deviation on any of the servos in the lowest and highest points of collective throw. For both positive and negative positions, it is necessary to set the values separately – this is the reason for 6 sliders. If the travel is less than required, increase the value. If too much, decrease. To activate sliders in the secondary part move your collective to opposite direction.

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This correction is also useful if there is asymmetric geometry on the helicopter causing issues such as the inability to achieve equal positive and negative pitch values. In this case, it is necessary to modify the positive or negative sliders for all three servos.

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] The settings here should be done very carefully to avoid damage to the model or it's associated electronics. Otherwise a boomstrike can occur.

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] The settings here should be done very carefully to avoid damage to the model or it's associated electronics. Never exceed recommended angles by manufacturer of the model, otherwise a boomstrike can occur.

using a -100% to 100% linear collective pitch curve in the transmitter.

using a -100% to 100% linear collective pitch curve in the transmitter.

Now it is time to set the ''Aileron/Elevator'' maximum cyclic pitch range.<br />

Now it is time to set the ''Aileron/Elevator'' maximum cyclic pitch range.<br />

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Try to set the largest possible deflection. This parameter does not directly affect the speed of rotation, but if it is too low, the model may not have consistent pitch and roll rates.

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Try to set the largest possible deflection. Generally the Cyclic pitch angles (range) should be equal or lower than Collective pitch.

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This setting should be done with 0° collective pitch. Then carefully check

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This parameter does not directly affect the speed of rotation, but if it is too low, the model may not have consistent pitch and roll rates.

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maximum stick deflection in all directions to ensure that mechanical binding

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The setting should be done with 0° collective pitch. Then carefully move with sticks in all directions to ensure that mechanical binding

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does not occur. This should also then be done with maximum and minimum collective pitch. Generally there is no reason to set deflection higher than maximum collective pitch angle. This parameter act as a so called ''Cyclic Ring''.

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does not occur. This should also be done for the maximum and minimum Collective pitch.

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If you increase the collective pitch range, this parameter must then be

If you increase the collective pitch range, this parameter must then be

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checked and in some cases adjusted to insure no binding occurs at your new

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checked and in some cases adjusted to ensure no binding occurs at your new

maximum and minimum pitch ranges.

maximum and minimum pitch ranges.

If the selected cyclic ring range is insufficient, it is possible that pitch-up can happen during fast forward flight (even if the pitch-up compensation is at its maximum value). This is because the model will not be able to add sufficient corrections with the configured range.

If the selected cyclic ring range is insufficient, it is possible that pitch-up can happen during fast forward flight (even if the pitch-up compensation is at its maximum value). This is because the model will not be able to add sufficient corrections with the configured range.

allowed range by the manufacturer of the helicopter. Otherwise, the rudder

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可能無法跟上高難度3D動作時的偏航(Yaw)方向。

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may not be able to keep the yaw direction during demanding maneuvers and

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請不要超過您的模型允許的限制。

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tail blow outs may occur.

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Do not exceed allowed limit for your model.

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=== SENSOR TAB ===

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] '''Micro helicopters and µSpirit:''' When Tail rotor is driven by a dedicated motor, the Rudder ESC must be connected at the CH4 port. Rudder end-points are then used to set available Throttle range for the Rudder ESC from 0% (Stop) to 100% (Full). We recommend to set Stop limit to 126 and Full limit to 150 for the beginning. }}

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This tab is the last important part of the settings which must be configured.

'''Cyclic gain''' – The higher the value is, the higher the accuracy within the control loop. The default value is preconfigured to 55% gain, for most models an optimal value of around 60% is suggested.

'''Rudder Common Gain''' – 1.00x means no multiplication. This is the recommended value for 550-class helicopters and smaller. For bigger helicopters it is often higher. 1.3x could be fine. Gyro Gain in your transmitter should be configured to approximately 50% for the first flight.

'''Rotation speed'''<br />The default value is 8 and will favor beginners more, the higher the value, the faster the rate of rotation. This factor also depends on the mechanical linkage ratio or D/R (Dual Rate) in the transmitter and also on the Aileron/Elevator limit.

The Spirit unit offers you the options of model stabilization and rescue mode.The stabilization function, once activated, will recover the model to a horizontal position without any other input from the pilot, this can be used as a “bail-out” feature when trying new maneuvers and can help with the learning process.

Rescue mode complements the normal operation of the Spirit unit. If activated, the model will recover to a horizontal position and add collective pitch as per the settings. This function can be used any time when the pilot loses orientation or control of the model.

*[[Rescue (Acro)|Rescue (Acro)]] - Recovers the model to a horizontal position, inverted or upright, whichever is closer at the time of activation. For intermediatte and advanced pilots that are flying acrobatic manouvers.

*[[Stabilization (Normal)|Stabilization (Normal)]] - stabilization mode - skids always to the ground. This mode is good for learning the basics such as hovering and slow transitions. Model is always pushed to the horizontal position.

*[[Stabilization (Acro)|Stabilization (Acro)]] - stabilization mode - inverted or upright, whichever is closer at the time of activation. This mode is used for learning the basics of acrobatic maneuvers. If the sticks are in the center, the model has tendency for returning to the horizontal position.

*[[Coaxial|Coaxial]] - stabilization mode - inverted or upright, whichever is closer at the time of activation. The steering behavior is very similar to a coaxial helicopters. Great for learning a hovering practices.

{{Quote|If using these modes, be sure your helicopter is initialized on a flat surface, not tilted to any side. Do not tilt the helicopter for more than 5 seconds.

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{{Quote|如果使用這些模式，請確保您的直升機在平坦的表面上初始化，而不是傾斜到任何一側。 不要傾斜直升機超過5秒鐘。

}}

}}

<p></p>

<p></p>

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{{Quote|'''The rescue mode is very demanding on the BEC. Be sure your BEC can handle such peak loads. In case it is is not sufficient your model could crash! Never exceed angles recommended by manufacturer of the model, else the mechanics can be damaged during the flight!'''}}

'''Flybar mechanic'''<br />If your helicopter is equipped with traditional flybar mechanics, you have to enable this parameter in order to use the stabilization or rescue modes. All settings are the same for flybarred helicopters except this parameter.

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] Flybarless helicopters must be configured and operated with the Flybar mechanic parameter disabled!

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] 無副翼直升機必須禁用副翼機械調整(Flybar mechanic)此參數！

}}

}}

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'''Rescue collective pitch'''<br />This determines how fast the model will ascend during the rescue mode.

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'''救援模式的集體螺距 (Rescue collective pitch)'''<br />這參數設定在救援模式下模型拉高上升的速度。

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100% means the maximum deflection of the blades, which was configured in the Servos tab.

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100％表示在“伺服器”(Servos)選項中設置的集體螺距最大偏轉。

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It is very important to check whether the rescue mode works correctly before the first flight (on the bench without the motor/rotors running).

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在第一次飛行之前（在沒有馬達/主漿上運行）檢查救援模式是否正常工作是非常重要的。

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Collective pitch should be always positive with the rescue engaged - while helicopter is on the ground

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當直升機在地面上時，在救援模式下集體螺距或十字盤會推上或是正角度

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'''Sticks priority'''<br />Specifies the amount of control while configured mode is activated.

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'''遙控杆優先權 (Sticks priority)'''<br />這參數設定配置模式激活時的控制量。

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The higher the value, the more the model will react to stick movements.

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值越高，模型越會跟據遙控杆給陀來反應。

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'''Direction control rate'''<br />This specifies the rate of controlling direction for the stabilization mode.

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'''方向控制率 (Direction control rate)'''<br />這設定穩定模式時的方向控制率。

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Low values are well suited for beginners to get coaxial like behavior. Higher values are more appropriate for scale flying.

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低值非常適合初學者感覺上像開同軸直昇機的行為。 高的值更適合於比例模型飛行。

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'''Acro Delay'''<br />Specifies a time period for the Rescue (Normal), when the model is recovered from the inverted flight. Until the period is reached, the rescue has the same behavior as the Rescue (Acro). In this way, faster ascending to a safe level can be achieved.

This tab is for more advanced configuration of the Spirit FBL unit. It is recommended that you fully understand these parameters before adjusting them. However, <u>it is essential to set geometry</u>. Other parameters, however, depend on the preferences of the pilot.

'''Geometry 6° (tuning)'''<br />For proper operation of the Spirit unit, it is necessary to set this parameter correctly. Here, the unit is switched to a special mode for settings 6° of cyclic pitch on the main blades. It is necessary to set the value so that the blades angle is at 6° in the aileron axis. You need to rotate your rotor head with blades to be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the model. A higher value increases the angle; a lower one decreases the angle. Optimal head geometry should be in the range of about 90 – 160. If not in this range, it is recommended to adjust the distance of a ball link on the servo horns or perform other mechanical adjustments.

If this value is too high it can lead to a soft feeling in the elevator. We recommend using the default value of 1 to begin with.

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如果該值太高，則可能導致升降軸柔軟的感覺。 我們建議使用默認值1來開始調。

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'''Cyclic feed forward'''<br />

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'''循環前進 (Cyclic feed forward)'''<br />

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This parameter is used to set amount of direct feel between your sticks and

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此參數用於設置您的遙控杆和模型之間的黏手感覺。 值越高越黏手和對於你給陀的反應更快。

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your model helicopter. The higher the value, the more aggressive the model

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如果該值非常高，會可能會發生升降軸反彈。

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will feel and the faster the model will react to stick movements.

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在tic-toc過程中，您還可以觀察到較高的馬達負載或副翼軸振盪，因為該模型不夠快地反應。

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If the value is very high, elevator bounce-back effect can occur.

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如果模型感覺不連貫並且不黏手，您可嘗試增加這值。

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During a tic-toc maneuver you can also observe higher motor load or aileron oscillations, because the model is unable to react fast enough.

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Setting this value too high can result in elevator bounce.

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If the model feels disconnected and there is a lag between stick inputs and

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the model, try increasing this value.

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'''Rudder delay'''<br />This is parameter to smooth out a rudder movements. It also helps to stabilize the rudder – it is a kind of electronic damping, similar to a derivative term of regulation. The faster the servo is, the lower the ''Rudder delay'' should be. For analog servos it is recommended to set this value to around 20 - 25. For slower digital servos it is mostly between 10 - 15. For fast servos (~0.04s/60°) the value is around 5. In case of a brushless servos it is recommended to set the value of 0 - 2.

If the value is too high, the rudder could start to oscillate, wag or it could cause too smooth rudder stopping.

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如果該值太高，尾舵可能會振盪，晃動或者會導致太滑的尾舵停止。

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'''Rudder dynamic'''<br />If the rudder does not stop correctly, for example it overshoots, this behavior can be changed with this parameter.

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'''尾舵動態 (Rudder dynamic)'''<br />如果尾舵沒有正確停止，例如它有回彈，您可以使用此參數更改。

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6 – is the default value.

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6 - 是默認值。

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The larger the value, the more aggressive the behavior of the tail.

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值越大，尾陀煞停得越強烈。

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If the tail overshoots in stops, the value is too high.

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如果尾陀超過停止點而回彈，值則太高。

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This parameter also affects the response speed of the stick movement; a higher value means a faster response.

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該參數也影響遙控杆給陀的響應速度; 更高的值意會有更更快的響應。

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If you cannot reach a symmetric stop on both sides you will need to make sure that the tail is centered at 0°. Alternatively, you can lower the rudder limit for that side.

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如果您無法在尾舵左右達到對稱停止，則需要確保尾部中心為0°。 或者，您可以降低尾舵左右盡頭的限制。

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'''Rudder – Revomix'''<br />Revomix (tail pre-compensation) adds rudder in response to collective pitch changes, when the tail needs increased holding. Revomix is independent of the transmitter. By default it is turned off, the user must set the amount required of the pre-compensation.

Allowed values are 0 to 10 with 0 being disabled; in most cases it is not necessary to use this parameter, however, when using low headspeed or on helicopters with a poor performing tail, this setting can be used.

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允許值為0到10，0是禁用; 在大多數情況下，不需要使用此參數，但是，使用較低的速度或性能較差的直升機時，可以使用該值設置。

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'''Pirouette consistency'''<br />This parameter determines the consistency of pirouettes and holding performance. If pirouettes are not consistent during certain maneuvers, increase the value of this parameter.

'''Stick deadband'''<br />Determines the area, around center stick, where the system does not recognize any stick movement. If channel readings are inprecise the value should be increased. This can be verified in the Diagnostics tab. This parameter does not replace the Exponential function.

'''Elevator pitchup compensation'''<br />If, during fast forward flight, the model reacts to inputs too rapidly or if the model pitches up, increase this value until this no longer occurs. If the helicopter pitches up abruptly, this could be caused by a cyclic range that is too low and/or too much collective pitch. In this case, you will have to increase the Aileron/Elevator range as high as the model can handle without any binding. If this doesn't fix the problem, you can add more pitch-up compensation.

For example a value of 90 will rotate the elevator to aileron. This feature is recommended for models with multi-blade rotor heads. For most other models, we recommend a zero value.

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'''Pitch Pump Booster'''<br />To achieve flybar-like collective pitch behavior, you can increase the value until desired feeling is achieved. Remember that higher values are too demanding for power supply and servos on the model.

'''Signal processing'''<br />This parameter is used for operation on models with extreme vibrations that can't be eliminated in any way. This should be enabled only in cases when is absolutely necessary, because flight performance could be affected. It should increase precision of flight and also the precision of rescue and stabilization modes.

'''RPM Sensor Filter'''<br />In case that your RPM sensor has noisy output then RPM readout can be very unstable. This can lead to various problems with Governor. There may be a problem with spool up, flight mode switching or head speed jittering. To make RPM readout very precise, you may need to increase the value.

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'''熄火降落馬達重啟比率 (Autorotation Bailout rate)'''<br />

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On the other hand, too high value can lead to a delay, that is unwanted for optimal Governor performance. So the value should be as low as possible while RPM readout is still precise. Variation of 1-20 RPM against the Requested RPM is optimal.

When performing autorotation the Bailout feature is available. The bailout is used to recover the headspeed faster than normally in order to achieve flying RPM. In this way pilot can regain full control of the model and continue in the flight. When using Spirit governor you can use this parameter to precisely set spoolup rate during the bailout. When Spirit governor is disabled, this settings has no affect.

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With µSpirit units it is possible to enable support for the tail rotor driven by dedicated motor. In this case two ESCs are used, where Rudder ESC is connected at the CH4 port. Important thing is to set ''Limits/Rudder ESC - range'' appropriately since these are defining available Throttle range for the ESC from 0 to 100%.

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Normally this parameter is available in the Setup Wizard.

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====TELEMETRY SETTINGS====

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====數據記錄設置 (TELEMETRY SETTINGS)====

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ESC Telemetry is feature that enables transmission of the telemetry variables from the ESC to your radio. Covered in the [[ESC telemetry|ESC Telemetry page]].

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ESC數據記錄是將數據記錄從ESC傳輸到遙控器的功能。 覆蓋在[[ESC telemetry| ESC Telemetry page]]。

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=== BACKUP TAB ===

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=== 備份選項 (BACKUP TAB) ===

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Here, you can save the settings to your Spirit unit before powering off, you can also save the settings to your computer here, Should you need to reload them at a later date.

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在這裡，您可以在關閉電源之前將設置保存到Spirit裡，如果您需要在以後重新加載，您可以在此處將設置保存到電腦。

[[File:9en.png|center|500px]]

[[File:9en.png|center|500px]]

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'''Profile'''<br />This section allows you to ''Save'' and ''Load'' complete settings of the unit to a specified file. If you have more than one of the same model, it is not necessary to carry out a complete setup again, just load the stored settings easily with the ''Load'' button.

'''Unit'''<br />Any changes to the configuration can be saved at any time to the internal flash memory of the unit.

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'''單元 (Unit)'''<br />設置的任何更改都可以隨時保存到Spirit的內部閃存。

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To put all settings to a factory defaults, click ''Factory Settings''.

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要將所有設置設置為出廠默認值，請單擊“出廠設置”(Factory Settings)。

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png]] Remember to save the settings each time you want to store the settings permanently. You must press the Save button. Otherwise, the changes will be lost after the Spirit FBL unit is turned off.

'''Bank Switching'''<br />In case that the Bank Switching is enabled, you can save the settings from single bank or even all banks. To see the differences between Banks you can use Bank Comparison feature.

First select the data file containing the firmware (*.4df) – ''Select button''.Once the file is selected, press the ''Flash button''. The upgrade progress will be displayed here. After completion, a confirmation dialog box should indicate a successful update.

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First select the data file containing the firmware (*.4df) – ''Select button''. Once the file is selected, press the ''Flash button''. The upgrade progress will be displayed here. After completion, a confirmation dialog box should indicate a successful update.

Then, unplug the unit from its power source.

Then, unplug the unit from its power source.

Upon the next start it will load with the newly flashed firmware.

Upon the next start it will load with the newly flashed firmware.

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Configuration of the unit is not changed, so you do not need to save/load it.

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Spirit的設置不變，所以不需要再保存/加載。

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You can get firmware from: [http://spirit-system.com/ spirit-system.com.]

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您可以從[http://spirit-system.com/ spirit-system.com]獲取固件。

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== BANK SWITCHING ==

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== 用遙控器通道改變已設定的全部參數 (BANK SWITCHING) ==

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This functionality allows you to switch between saved settings during a flight. Switching is done through the transmitter, so that channel's value is changed.

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此功能允許您在飛行中用遙控器通道切換已設置的全部參數

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This mean that a Bank can store one unique settings. The unit is able to store 3 different banks.

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。 Spirit FBL能夠存儲3個不同的所有參數。

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With a transmitter you are able to use a three position switch to switch freely between banks.

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使用遙控器，您可以使用三個位置開關自由切換。

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Bank switching is disabled by default, so you can decide whether it is useful in your application. You have to activate it by the assignment of ''Bank'' function in the ''General/Channels'' window. Generally, it is assigned to channel 7.

Initial settings for ''Bank 1'' and ''Bank 2'' are equal to ''Bank 0''. ''Bank 0'' allow you to configure all parameters, while ''Bank 1, 2'' does not allow to set main parameters. For safety, ''Bank 1 and 2'' does not allow you to set any main parameters.

The Bank switching is great for switching between flight styles, sensor gains for low or high RPMs, for slow acro or 3D. Alternatively it can be used just for tuning your settings.

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設置切換對於切換飛行風格，低或高轉速，傳感器增益，例如使於慢速特技或高難度3D是非常好的。 您也可以僅用於調整您的設置。

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png|18px|]] If the software is connected with the unit then bank switching by the transmitter is disabled. Then, Bank switching is performed using the software in

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png|18px|]] If the software (or a transmitter integration) is connected with the unit then bank switching by assigned switch of the transmitter is temporarily disabled. Then, Bank switching is performed using the software in bottom part of the window.

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bottom part of the window.

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When a bank is switched using the software it is necessary to save your settings

When a bank is switched using the software it is necessary to save your settings

to the unit before you switch Banks, or your settings will be returned to the previous (unchanged) state.}}

to the unit before you switch Banks, or your settings will be returned to the previous (unchanged) state.}}

<p></p>

<p></p>

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png|18px|]] To verify that the Bank switching is working properly, please start the software and look at the Diagnostic tab. There you can see Bank indicator with the channel bar. Try to change position of assigned switch. If everything is correct, you will see that the Bank number will change there.}}

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{{Info|[[File:Info.png|18px|]] Always close the software or any connected app before flying. Otherwise it will be not possible to change Banks by assigned switch of your transmitter.}}

You can use this feature instead of internal governor from your ESC or other governor. It is designed to work with electric, nitro and gasser helicopters. This can make flight performance even better because of constant head speed.

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To achieve proper function it is very important to configure your ESC and then the unit. First from all make sure that internal governor is disabled in the ESC.

It is necessary to disassemble rotor blades from your model prior to the governor setup. Do not make any adjustments with motor turned on.

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要正確使用止功能，配置您的ESC是非常重要的。 首先從ESC確認內部的定速器是禁用。

−

Governor feature can be used with the following receiver types:<br />

+

在調速器設置之前，需要將主槳從模型拆下來。 馬達開啟時不要進行任何調整。

+

+

以下接收器類型以使用調速器這功能：<br />

''Spektrum DSM2/DSMX, Futaba S-BUS, Jeti EX Bus, SRXL/SUMD.''

''Spektrum DSM2/DSMX, Futaba S-BUS, Jeti EX Bus, SRXL/SUMD.''

−

It is necessary to use throttle output from the unit when using governor. Throttle output is at the AUX port. You must connect the ESC or throttle servo there.

+

用定速時，請使用Spirit的的油門輸出。 油門輸出在AUX插口。 您必須連接ESC或油門伺服器。

−

=== Sensor Wiring ===

+

=== 傳感器接線 ===

−

Signal from a RPM sensor should be connected to the PIT pin (middle pin of the ELE/PIT/AIL port - Spirit and Spirit Pro).

+

Signal from a RPM sensor should be connected to the PIT pin (middle pin of the ELE/PIT/AIL port - '''Spirit and Spirit Pro'''; P pin, red wire - '''μSpirit''').

−

*'''ESC with RPM output'''

+

*'''電調有轉速輸出'''

−

:: For electric helicopters the best and the easiest solution. You can use RPM output cable that is present on the ESC.

+

:: 對於電動直升機來說最好的和最簡單的解決方案。 您可以使用電調上的轉速輸出電綫。

−

*'''ESC without RPM output'''

+

*'''電調無轉速輸出'''

−

:: In case that your ESC has no RPM output you will need a separate RPM sensor that can be connected to phases of the motor. Important is to power the sensor properly. Voltage can't exceed allowed level for the sensor. Recommended voltage range can be obtained from the sensor manufacturer. In case that the sensor require 3.3V you can connect it to the satellite connector in the unit (Details in the following photo). You can also use the Spektrum adapter.

:: '''In case that the sensor is powered improperly it can be damaged along with the unit.'''

+

:: '''在傳感器供電不正確的情況下，可能會與Spirit一起損壞。'''

−

*'''Magnetic sensor'''

+

*'''磁力傳感器'''

−

:: For Combustion helicopters is necessary to use a sensor working on principle change magnetic field. In case that your ESC has no RPM output you will need a separate RPM sensor that can be connected to phases of the motor. Important is to power the sensor properly. Voltage can't exceed allowed level for the sensor. Recommended voltage range can be obtained from the sensor manufacturer. In case that the sensor require 3.3V you can connect it to the satellite connector in the unit (Details in the following photo). You can also use the Spektrum adapter.

#Set throttle range in your transmitter so that 0% and 100% throttle position matches with value of the throttle bar in the diagnostics tab. This can be done by Subtrim function in your transmitter and/or Travel Adjustment function.

+

'''油門範圍 (Throttle Rang)'''<br />

−

#Re-calibrate throttle range according to instructions of your ESC. In the most cases it can be configured by powering the model with throttle stick with 100% throttle and then by moving the stick down to 0%.

#If possible, configure fast spoolup mode in the ESC so the governor will be unaffected.

+

−

'''Nitro / Gasser'''<br />

+

'''油門範圍 - 最小 (Throttle Range - Min.)'''<br />

−

: Set the throttle range in your transmitter so that 0% and 100% throttle position matches with value of the throttle bar in the diagnostic tab. This can be done by Subtrim function in your transmitter and/or Travel Adjust function.

+

最低油門信號值。 默認值：1100μs。 對於電動直升機，該值應由電調的製造商指定。 它通常以毫秒（ms）值來指定。

+

“參數是可選的” - 如果您的電調支持油門校準（例如通過遙控杆），您則不需要更改參數。

−

=== Activation ===

+

當馬達不再旋轉時，該值為最低位置 - 停止。 在設置這個時，馬達有可能會啟動，所以你必須非常小心。

−

To activate Governor feature in the unit, you will need to assign Throttle function in the General tab/Channels. Then you will be able to enter Governor Settings in the General tab.

+

For combustion helicopters it is important to set the value at the point when Engine carburetor is fully closed, but right before point it starts to be open.

−

=== Settings ===

+

'''油門範圍 - 最大 (Throttle Range - Max)'''<br />

+

最高油門信號值。 默認值：1900μs。 對於電動直升機，該值應由電調的製造商指定。 它通常以毫秒（ms）值來指定。

+

“參數是可選的” - 如果您的電調支持油門校準（例如通過遙控杆），您則不需要更改參數。

−

First from all basic settings are necessary so the governor can control the head speed correctly.

+

該值應設置為與電調中編程的100％油門輸出或馬達全速匹配。 如果此參數不夠高，您將無法調節定速器，因為沒有足夠的油門空間補償高負載。

−

[[File:Goven.png|center|350px]]

+

如果配置太高，那麼您可以觀察到高負載後的速度可以在幾秒鐘不會立即下降。

+

For combustion helicopters it is important to set the value at the point when Engine carburetor is fully open, but right before point the valve is closing.

+

The best is to check the carburetor valve optically to see in which position it is. Adding more than required will cause overspeeding issue.

−

'''Throttle frequency'''<br />

+

'''油門掉轉 (Throttle Reverse)'''<br />

−

To achieve the fastest governor reaction it is necessary to set the highest possible frequency. For ESC it could be only 60Hz, but mostly all can work even with 200Hz. If you are unsure, please contact manufacturer of the ESC. For combustion helicopters it is max. operating frequency of the throttle servo.

+

特別是對於油機，您可以在這裡為引擎伺服器設置正確的補償方向。

−

'''Throttle Range'''<br />

+

'''齒輪設置 - 感應器馬達分隔 (Gear Settings - Sensing Divider)'''<br />

−

This parameter can affect output from the unit so you can fine-tune ranges precisely. For electric helicopters this parameter is optional. But in case that your ESC does not allow to calibrate throttle range correctly, you can do so here. For Nitro and Gasser helicopters you have to configure it always so the Throttle servo range matches range for the motor.

Value of the highest throttle signal. Default value: 1900 μs. For electric helicopters this value should be specified by manufacturer of the ESC. It is often specified in value of miliseconds (ms).

+

配置馬達從零到工作轉速所需時間。 對於初始測試，我們建議慢的(Slow spoolup)速率。

−

''Parameter is optional'' - you do not have to change it if your ESC support the throttle calibration (e.g. by sticks).

+

−

The value should be configured to match with 100% throttle output programmed in your ESC or full throttle of the motor. If this parameter is not high enough you will be unable to tune Governor because there will be not enough room to compensate high loads.

+

'''微調 – 從零到工作轉速所需加速 (Fine-Tuning - Spoolup Rampup)'''<br />

−

If configured too high then you can observe that after high load head speed will not drop immediately but can be there even for few seconds.

+

將在馬達從零轉速到工作轉速所需加速的值 - 當油門關閉(Hold)時。 如果馬達轉得不順，馬達開始轉時會

+

“咔”一聲的，這代表該值太高。 如果加速有延遲，則該值太低。 在大多數情況下，默認值為50μs，應該能正常工作。

−

'''Throttle Reverse'''<br />

+

'''微調 – 定速器反應 (Fine-Tuning - Governor Response)'''<br />

−

Especially for Nitro and Gasser motors you can set correct compensation direction for the servo here.

<u>Nitro/Gasser motor:</u> Number of all active magnets. Mostly it is 1 – 2.

+

−

'''Gear Settings - Gear Ratio'''<br />

+

'''Fine-Tuning - Holding Limit'''<br />

−

Gear Ratio of the helicopter between the main wheel and pinion of the motor. For example: 120T main gear / 12T pinion = 10.

+

Prevents from prolonged overspeeding after demanding maneuvers. If head speed is higher than requested after demanding maneuver then by decreasing percentage value it is possible to shorten or eliminate this odd behavior. If Limit value is too low then Holding Performance will not affect Governor performance. It is recommended to use 80% for the most helicopters. Usually combustion helicopters might need to decrease the Limit. Changing the Limit as the last parameter of the Governor is recommended - once a proper Governor Response and Holding Performance values are configured.

−

'''Max. Head Speed'''<br />

+

=== Transmitter ===

−

Configure max. head speed that should be achieved with 100% throttle curve. For example: If you know that you won't exceed 2500 RPM then you can set the value to 2500. With 80% throttle curve your head speed will be 2000 RPM (2500 * 0.80 = 2000).

+

−

'''Fine-Tuning – Spoolup rate<br />

+

Flat Throttle Curve above 50% is necessary in order to use Governor feature. Under 50% Governor is immediately disarmed and instead motor will be driven directly by throttle curve. As soon as it will exceed 50% spoolup procedure is engaged until Requested RPM is reached.

Only when Flight log will show '''Governor was Engaged''' then Governor is maintaining Head-Speed. If this message is not present it mean that Governor is still in the spoolup procedure.

−

'''Fine-Tuning – Spoolup Rampup'''<br />

+

In order to achieve different Head Speeds on demand you can set different flat curves (for example for each flight mode).

−

Value that will be added at the beginning of motor spoolup – when Hold is turned off. If the spoolup is not smooth, i.e. motor will start with a kick, the value is too high. If the spoolup has a delay, the value is too low. Default value of 50 μs should work fine in the most cases.

+

−

'''Fine-Tuning - Governor Response'''<br />

+

Governor can be deactivated in flight by switching to a Bank where Governor is disabled in the Spirit Settings. It can be also re-activated by switching back to a Bank with enabled Governor.

−

This parameter is the most important one to achieve fast and proper response of the governor. It determine how fast the governor should react to a short-term load. Thus optimal settings are required. If configure too low or too high, rudder will not hold properly and can oscillate. Governor can greatly affect rudder performance so you can achieve better holding behavior. Too high value will result in overspeeding during e.g. pitch pump.

+

−

'''Fine-Tuning - Holding Performance'''<br />

+

With a combustion motors we recommend to go from Idling (Throttle Curve around 10%) directly to 50% flat curve and above. This will trigger smooth spoolup.

−

Determine how well the head speed is maintained during a long-term load. If value is too low then during e.g. tic-toc maneuver head speed can drop gradually. In case it is too high then after the tic-toc head speed can be higher than necessary and can even return to requested RPM with noticeable delay. It is better to start governor tuning process with low value.

+

−

=== Fine-Tuning Procedure ===

+

=== 微調程序 (Fine-Tuning Procedure) ===

−

Firstly you have to finish basic setup including ''Max. Head Speed''. Throttle curve in the transmitter must be FLAT. We recommend to set the throttle curve for example to flat 70%, 80% or 90%.

+

首先你必須完成基本設置，包括“ 主轉速 “。 遙控器中的油門曲線必須平坦。 我們建議將油門曲線設置為70％，80％或90％。

−

After disarming Throttle Hold you should immediately see ''Requested RPM'' in the software – this is desired head speed that should be maintained. ''Current RPM'' is head speed that is currently on the rotor head.

If ''Current RPM'' is not calculated properly, then there is a problem with Gear Settings. In case that you can see zero or random ''Current RPM'' value then there is a problem with RPM Sensor and must be fixed.

#You should start with increasing the Governor Response. You can do so until RPM is constant enough while doing aggressive collective pitch changes during hovering. When you will notice an overspeeding (RPM is higher than initially was) then the value is too high. In case that the value is too low or too high then the rudder performance can be affected negatively as well.

#When the Governor Response is well tuned, you can continue with increasing the Holding Performance parameter. In case that the value is too low, you will notice poor holding performance during demanding maneuvers with longer duration such as loop or tic-toc. If the value is too high, you can observe that the head speed is unstable even during stationary hovering.

Governor Response: 6 and Holding Performance: 5 may work fine for wide range of the helicopters.

+

定速器反應：6和定速表現：5可適用於廣泛的直升機。

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]]

{{Info|[[File:Info.png]]

Line 812:

Line 848:

*You should see “Governor was Engaged” event in the log after spoolup with enabled governor.

*You should see “Governor was Engaged” event in the log after spoolup with enabled governor.

*Governor Bailout function can be activated whenever the throttle signal is higher than 1250 μs which is approx. 12% throttle curve. If the signal is lower then smooth spoolup sequence is activated.

*Governor Bailout function can be activated whenever the throttle signal is higher than 1250 μs which is approx. 12% throttle curve. If the signal is lower then smooth spoolup sequence is activated.

−

*In case that the ''Current RPM'' value is 4000 RPM measurement is out of range. It may be needed to change count of the active magnets.

+

*In case that the ''Current RPM'' value is 8000 RPM measurement is out of range. It may be needed to change count of the active magnets.

*If governor does not react correctly during Throttle Curve changes or even during spoolup, it is most probably result of an excess noise in the RPM sensor or connection. You may consider to use a proper shielding. Increasing value of the RPM Sensor filter in the Expert settings can solve the problem.

*If governor does not react correctly during Throttle Curve changes or even during spoolup, it is most probably result of an excess noise in the RPM sensor or connection. You may consider to use a proper shielding. Increasing value of the RPM Sensor filter in the Expert settings can solve the problem.

}}

}}

−

=== Sensor List and Troubleshooting ===

+

=== 傳感器列表和故障排除 ===

−

List of supported RPM sensors and their wiring is available on the [[Governor|Governor]] page.

+

支持的轉速傳感器列表及其接線可在 [[定速器|定速器]] 頁。

−

You can also find there solutions for a various problems related with the Governor.

+

你也可以找到與定速器有關的各種問題的解決辦法。

−

== SOFTWARE KEYBOARD CONTROL ==

+

== 軟件鍵盤控制 ==

−

For fast and easy configuration we have implemented keyboard controls in the software.

飛行風格 (Flight style)
Sets how the model will behave in flight.
This parameter is used to control and adapt flight behavior according to the
requirements of the pilot. It has significant impact on a pirouetting maneuvers (cyclic steering), but not pirouettes (rudder) itself.
Parameter has no impact on a stability. Generally, for bigger models higher value is recommended.

Lower values mean that the model will behave in a more consistent,
controlled manner and will feel more linear and robotic. It could introduce a delay to the steering. Angular momentum will be held more constantly.

Higher values mean a more natural behavior. The response to stick movements will be more flybar-like where fast movement will introduce agressive response. But a small movements near the center will be more precise. It can help to make tic-tocs faster. End of each cyclic input will become faster.

5.3 診斷選項 (DIAGNOSTIC TAB)

For a proper operation of the unit, it is necessary that movement of each
channel correspond with the bars. Direction of the movement must match with the sticks as well.

Secondly, it is necessary to check the values of aileron, elevator, pitch and
rudder channels. These channels must be centered at approximately 0%.
The unit automatically detects the neutral position during each initialization.
請不要在遙控器上使用輔助微調(subtrim)或微調(trim)功能，因為Spirit FBL會將其視為輸入命令。

該模型狀況良好。 Spirit沒有任何問題。 (The model is in good condition. The unit did not recognize any problems.)

校準完成： (Calibration Finished:)

傳感器校準成功。 (Sensor calibration was successful.)

定速開啟: (Governor was Engaged:)

定速實現了所需的轉速，並在使用定速。 (Governor achieved requested RPM and is active from this moment.)

循環開啟： (Cyclic Ring Activated:)

循環螺距達到其最大攻角。 這表明模型無法根據需要進行所需的校正。 在大多數情況下，這是沒太大關係的。 但是如循環(Cyclic Ring)參數值太低，模型將不能按照副翼(Aileron)/升降(Elevator)軸中預期的滾動速度。 或者，可以配置了太高的轉速值。在快速飛行中(Fast Forward Flight)，模型可能會快速俯仰。 我們建議改變一下機械可許下的參數值。 (Cyclic achieved its maximum tilt angle. This indicates the model was unable to do the desired correction as necessary. In most cases it is not relevant. But it is possible that the value of the Cyclic Ring parameter is too low and the model can't rotate as fast as intended in the aileron/elevator axes. Alternatively, a too high value for rotational speed could be configured. It is also possible that in fast forward flight the model can pitch-up rapidly. We recommend to set this parameter as high as mechanically possible.)

尾舵限制：(Rudder Limit Reached:)

尾舵伺服器達到其配置極限。 當這個事件發生在飛行之前或之後，這不是問題。 如果在飛行過程中看到這一點，則說明尾舵沒有正常運行。 在大多數情況下，在飛行過程中可見尾舵反應不佳或控不住尾舵(Blow out)。 如果模型設置正確，那麼可能是由於尾舵伺服器太慢，如尾槳太短或者主轉速太低(Headspeed too load)。 還有可能是機械問題或尾舵限制不足。 (The rudder servo reached its configured limit. When this event occurs before or after a flight it is not a problem. If you see this during flight it indicates that the rudder did not operate correctly. In most cases it is visible during flight as poor rudder response or “blow out”. If the model is set up correctly then it could be due to low rudder efficiency such as the tail blades being too short or headspeed too low. There is also the possibility of a mechanical issue or with the rudder limits being inadequate.)

轉速傳感器數據太嘈雜： (RPM Sensor data are too noisy:)

轉速讀數非常不穩定，轉速超過+/- 100 RPM。 傳感器的數據不可用於定速。 要使用額外的屏蔽和安裝鐵環(Ferite rings)。 在專家設置(Expert Settings)中增加轉速傳感器雜信過濾參數值。 (RPM readout is very unstable and are oscilating more than +/- 100 RPM. Data from the sensor are unusable for the Governor. Use additional shielding and mount a ferite rings. Increase value of the RPM Sensor filter parameter in the Expert settings.)

接收裡有一幀是錯誤的： (Received Frame was Corrupted:)

接收裡有一幀是不可用的，它將被忽略。 在大多數情況下，它是沒有任何問題的。但如果事件發生頻密，則接收機之間的連接可能出錯或存在過多的雜信。 驗證連線的質量，並檢查Spirit和接收器之間的電綫。 (Received frame is unusable and will be ignored. In the most cases it does not present any problem. If the event is occuring often, then connection between receiver can be wrong or there is excess noise. Verify quality of the link and check the cable between unit and receiver.)

GeoLink function is imprecise:

GeoLink feature is not functioning properly. GeoLink Compass might require new calibration. Make sure there are no nearby motors, servos or magnets near the module.

GeoLink Data were Corrupted:

GeoLink communication quality is imperfect. Verify cable between GeoLink and Spirit unit. Make sure there are no static discharges coming from a belt. Use the shortest possible cable.

轉速傳感器數據丟失： (RPM Sensor data are lost:)

轉速傳感器數據讀取失敗 – 有可能是傳感器故障。 傳感器沒有發送數據2秒以上。 請確保傳感器接線正確，並且確定油門沒有切斷(Throttle Hold), 馬達正在旋轉。 (Sensor data reading failed - RPM sensor malfunction probably occurred. Sensor is not sending data for 2 seconds or longer. Make sure, that the sensor wiring is correct and that the motor is spinning when Hold is disarmed.)

接收器信號丟失： (Receiver Signal Lost:)

信號突然消失。 這個問題不應該在任何時候發生，請必須在下一次飛行之前解決。 接收機和/遙控器天線可能存在問題。 有可能是故障的接收器電綫或Spirit和接收器之間的連接。 在某些情況下，由於靜電積聚引起靜電放電，可能會引發信號丟失，這通常發生在皮帶驅動的直升機中。 (Signal lost suddenly. This problem should not occur at any time and must be resolved before the next flight. There could be a problem with the receiver and/or transmitter antennas. It could be a faulty receiver cable or the connection between the unit and receiver. In some cases signal loss can happen because of electrostatic discharge caused by static build up, this usually occurs in belt driven helicopters.)

主循環發生停頓： (Main Loop Hang Occurred:)

主循環延遲或停頓了。 可能是當前接線不正確或與Spirit有異常的電子干擾（例如BEC），可能會發生這種情況。 如果使用配置軟件，這可能意味著與Spirit的USB鏈接速度比正常的慢。 (The main loop was delayed. This can happen when wiring is incorrect or there is abnormal electrical noise interference with the unit, for example, from a BEC. If using the configuration software it could mean the link to the Spirit FBL unit is slower than it should be.)

電源電壓低： (Power Voltage is low:)

電源電壓低於2.9V。 這意味著您必須使用能夠處理更高負載的BEC。 在極少數情況下，電綫連接可能有故障。 (Power supply voltage is lower than 2.9V. This mean you have to use a BEC that is capable of handling higher loads. In rare cases it could be faulty connections in cables.)

振動非常高： (Vibration Level is very high:)

振動水平達到不正常水平，可影響直升機的控制完整性。 在高難度或過激烈的3D操作過程中，事件可能會發生得更頻繁。 (Vibration level achieved the level that is not normal and can affect integrity of the helicopter. During hard 3D maneuvers the event can occur more frequently.)

GeoLink connection is broken:

GeoLink module communication stopped unexpectedly. All GeoLink features will be unaccessible. Please verify cable between GeoLink and Spirit unit. Make sure that GeoLink LED light is not flashing after landing.

Micro helicopters and µSpirit: When Tail rotor is driven by a dedicated motor, the Rudder ESC performance can be noticeably improved by configuring Low RPM value to achieve the lowest spinning RPM for the Tail rotor. This can be configured by Subtrim (CH4) - Low RPM - the value has impact on lift off and symmetrical turning performace.

The settings here should be done very carefully to avoid damage to the model or it's associated electronics. Never exceed recommended angles by manufacturer of the model, otherwise a boomstrike can occur.

First, set your desired Collective range, for example, +/-12°. We recommend
using a -100% to 100% linear collective pitch curve in the transmitter.
Now it is time to set the Aileron/Elevator maximum cyclic pitch range.
Try to set the largest possible deflection. Generally the Cyclic pitch angles (range) should be equal or lower than Collective pitch.
This parameter does not directly affect the speed of rotation, but if it is too low, the model may not have consistent pitch and roll rates.
The setting should be done with 0° collective pitch. Then carefully move with sticks in all directions to ensure that mechanical binding
does not occur. This should also be done for the maximum and minimum Collective pitch.

If you increase the collective pitch range, this parameter must then be
checked and in some cases adjusted to ensure no binding occurs at your new
maximum and minimum pitch ranges.
If the selected cyclic ring range is insufficient, it is possible that pitch-up can happen during fast forward flight (even if the pitch-up compensation is at its maximum value). This is because the model will not be able to add sufficient corrections with the configured range.

Micro helicopters and µSpirit: When Tail rotor is driven by a dedicated motor, the Rudder ESC must be connected at the CH4 port. Rudder end-points are then used to set available Throttle range for the Rudder ESC from 0% (Stop) to 100% (Full). We recommend to set Stop limit to 126 and Full limit to 150 for the beginning.

Rudder - Control Type
With µSpirit units it is possible to enable support for the tail rotor driven by dedicated motor. In this case two ESCs are used, where Rudder ESC is connected at the CH4 port. Important thing is to set Limits/Rudder ESC - range appropriately since these are defining available Throttle range for the ESC from 0 to 100%.
Normally this parameter is available in the Setup Wizard.

5.10 更新選項 (UPDATE TAB)

如果要更新固件，可以在此選項中進行。

固件 (Firmware)
First select the data file containing the firmware (*.4df) – Select button. Once the file is selected, press the Flash button. The upgrade progress will be displayed here. After completion, a confirmation dialog box should indicate a successful update.
Then, unplug the unit from its power source.
Upon the next start it will load with the newly flashed firmware.

If the software (or a transmitter integration) is connected with the unit then bank switching by assigned switch of the transmitter is temporarily disabled. Then, Bank switching is performed using the software in bottom part of the window.
When a bank is switched using the software it is necessary to save your settings
to the unit before you switch Banks, or your settings will be returned to the previous (unchanged) state.

Always close the software or any connected app before flying. Otherwise it will be not possible to change Banks by assigned switch of your transmitter.

For combustion helicopters it is important to set the value at the point when Engine carburetor is fully open, but right before point the valve is closing.
The best is to check the carburetor valve optically to see in which position it is. Adding more than required will cause overspeeding issue.

Fine-Tuning - Holding Limit
Prevents from prolonged overspeeding after demanding maneuvers. If head speed is higher than requested after demanding maneuver then by decreasing percentage value it is possible to shorten or eliminate this odd behavior. If Limit value is too low then Holding Performance will not affect Governor performance. It is recommended to use 80% for the most helicopters. Usually combustion helicopters might need to decrease the Limit. Changing the Limit as the last parameter of the Governor is recommended - once a proper Governor Response and Holding Performance values are configured.

7.5 Transmitter

Flat Throttle Curve above 50% is necessary in order to use Governor feature. Under 50% Governor is immediately disarmed and instead motor will be driven directly by throttle curve. As soon as it will exceed 50% spoolup procedure is engaged until Requested RPM is reached.
Only when Flight log will show Governor was Engaged then Governor is maintaining Head-Speed. If this message is not present it mean that Governor is still in the spoolup procedure.

In order to achieve different Head Speeds on demand you can set different flat curves (for example for each flight mode).

Governor can be deactivated in flight by switching to a Bank where Governor is disabled in the Spirit Settings. It can be also re-activated by switching back to a Bank with enabled Governor.

With a combustion motors we recommend to go from Idling (Throttle Curve around 10%) directly to 50% flat curve and above. This will trigger smooth spoolup.

You should see “Governor was Engaged” event in the log after spoolup with enabled governor.

Governor Bailout function can be activated whenever the throttle signal is higher than 1250 μs which is approx. 12% throttle curve. If the signal is lower then smooth spoolup sequence is activated.

In case that the Current RPM value is 8000 RPM measurement is out of range. It may be needed to change count of the active magnets.

If governor does not react correctly during Throttle Curve changes or even during spoolup, it is most probably result of an excess noise in the RPM sensor or connection. You may consider to use a proper shielding. Increasing value of the RPM Sensor filter in the Expert settings can solve the problem.