Cold fusion now has more than 600 successful experiments in multiple
laboratories, as shown by Fox et al., by a large number of different
scientists in different countries and at different times.

To anyone believing in the scientific method, where experiment rather
than
theory determines what is real and what is not, then the phenomenon of
cold
fusion has been clearly established and the present theory of "hot
fusion
only" has to be changed.

Directly related to this is also some important work going on in
forefront
thermodynamics. Rigorously the second law of thermodynamics is based
on
statistical mechanics, and the second law can be and is violated
temporarily
in normal transient fluctuations of proper statistical systems. There
are
several fluctuation theorems, and a particularly rigorous and useful
one is
given by D. J. Evans and D. J. Searles, "Equilibrium microstates which
generate second law violating steady states," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 50,
1994,
p. 1645-1648. The theorem was further generalized by Gavin E. Crooks,
"Entropy production fluctuation theorem and the nonequilibrium work
relation
for free energy differences," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 60, 1999, p.
2721-2726.
These theorems have been rather widely applied and successful.

What this means is that, in a transient fluctuation, the normal
reactions in
the system in that fluctuation zone are "running backwards" for a
moment or
for a short time. So normally excluded "backward interactions" can and
will
then occur, and negative entropy can be produced for awhile as well.

As an example, in certain solutions this transient fluctuation or
reaction
reversal zone can be at the cubic micron level and it can last for up
to two
seconds or more. For experimental proof, see G. M. Wang, E. M. Sevick,
Emil
Mittag, Debra J. Searles, and Denis J. Evans, "Experimental
Demonstration of
Violations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for Small Systems and
Short
Time Scales," Physical Review Letters, 89(5), 29 July 2002, 050601.

By the way, in water a cubic micron would contain something on the
order of
30 billion ions etc. So that is a lot of ions and charges that can
"experience reversed reactions" momentarily for up to two seconds.

Let us reason together for a moment. Normally, like charges repel and
unlike
charges attract. But in a "reversed reaction" fluctuation zone,
temporarily
conditions can exist such that like charges attract and unlike charges
repel! In that case, e.g., two H+ ions (which are just two free
protons) do
not repel but can conceivably attract, and they can attract each other
so
closely that each enters the strong force region of the other. That
defeats
the magic "coulomb barrier" which usually prevents the free protons
from
getting so close together that the strong force binds them. So
transient
fluctuations can be, and are, means of momentarily overcoming the
coulomb
barrier, if conditions are "just right".

Then as the reversal fluctuation turns from its departure and comes
back to
normal, the coulomb force is restored and the protons would normally
repel
again. However, the strong force in its region is stronger than the
coulomb
force, and it can hold those two protons together during the return to
normalcy so that one quark in one of them flips its orientation,
turning
that proton into a neutron. Voila! That final interaction just created
a
residual deuterium ion D+. We have previously postulated that this is
the
main "cold fusion" reaction producing the excess deuterium noted in
many of
the experiments. Attraction of two deuterons during the "reversal
zone"
period could result in formation of a He4 ion, without having to even
flip
quarks. That's an alpha particle, and we postulated it as one of the
mechanisms probably producing the excess alpha particles in so many of
the
successful cold fusion experiments. Three H+ ions with two quark flips
would
produce tritium, or a D+ ion attracting and gluing to a H+ ion with
one
quark flipping when the reversal zone decayed back to normal, would
yield
tritium also. Such interactions could thus account for the excess
tritium
observed in so many of the successful experiments. We posited these
interactions in 1998, and of course included them in our book, Energy
from
the Vacuum: Concepts and Principles, in 2002.

Note that "hot fusion" temperatures are not necessary for such
reactions
occurring in "reaction reversal zones" -- i.e., in known transient
fluction
zones of up to a cubic micron in size, and for up to two seconds.

In short, if the orthodox "hot fusion is all there is" folks will get
off it
and get with scientific method, and believe the experiment refuting
the
theory requires the theory be changed, then cold fusion could and
would
readily come into its own.

Note also our paper, just recently placed on the website, dealing with
precursor engineering. Eventually, it will be possible to engineer
forces in
the nuclei and between particles as one desires, once precursor
engineering
is developed. In a sense, the successful cold fusion experiments are
additional indicators that precursor engineering will someday become a
viable engineering and the major engineering being practiced.