Forerunners and contemporaries[edit]
When South African newspapers first revealed its existence in the late
1980s, the CCB appeared to be a unique and unorthodox security
operation: its members wore civilian clothing; it operated within the
borders of the country; it used private companies as fronts; and it
mostly targeted civilians. However, as the South African Truth and
Reconciliation Commission (TRC) discovered a decade later, the CCB's
methods were neither new nor unique. Instead, they had evolved from
precedents set in the 1960s and 70s by Eschel Rhoodie's Department of
Information (see Muldergate Scandal[6]), the Bureau of State Security
(B.O.S.S.)[7] and Project Barnacle (a top-secret project to eliminate
SWAPO detainees and other "dangerous" operators).[8]
From information given to the TRC by former agents seeking amnesty for
crimes committed during the apartheid era, it became clear that there
were many other covert operations similar to the CCB, which Nelson
Mandela would label the Third Force. These operations included Wouter
Basson's 7 Medical Battalion Group,[9] the Askaris, Witdoeke,
Experimental Group Program (also called "Clandestine Cooperation
Bureau") and C1/C10 or Vlakplaas.
Besides these, there were also political front organisations like the
International Freedom Foundation, Marthinus van Schalkwyk's Jeugkrag
(Youth for South Africa),[10] and Russel Crystal's National Student
Federation[11] which would demonstrate that while the tactics of the
South African government varied, the logic remained the same: Total
onslaught demanded a total strategy.[12]
Establishment[edit]
Inaugurated in 1986 with the approval of Minister of Defense General
Magnus Malan[13][14] and Chief of SADF General Jannie Geldenhuys, the
CCB became fully functional by 1988. As a reformulation of Project
Barnacle, the nature of its operations were disguised, and it
disassociated itself from all other
SpecialSpecial Forces and DMI
(Directorate Military Intelligence) structures. The CCB formed the
third arm of the Third Force, alongside
Vlakplaas C1 and the Special
Tasks projects.[15]
In his 1997 submission to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission,[16]
General Malan described the CCB as follows:

15.1 Let me now deal with the matter of the CCB. The CCB-organisation
as a component of
SpecialSpecial Forces was approved in principle by me.
SpecialSpecial Forces was an integral and supportive part of the South
African Defence Force. The role envisaged for the CCB was the
infiltration and penetration of the enemy, the gathering of
information and the disruption of the enemy. The CCB was approved as
an organisation consisting of ten divisions, or as expressed in
military jargon, regions. Eight of these divisions or regions were
intended to refer to geographical areas. The area of one of these
regions, Region Six, referred to the Republic of South Africa. The
fact that the organisation in Region Six was activated, came to my
knowledge for the first time in November 1989. The CCB provided the
South African Defence ForceSouth African Defence Force with good covert capabilities.
15.2 During my term of office as Head of the South African Defence
Force and as Minister of Defence instructions to members of the South
African Defence Force were clear: destroy the terrorists, their bases
and their capabilities. This was also government policy. As a
professional soldier, I issued orders and later as Minister of Defence
I authorised orders which led to the death of innocent civilians in
cross-fire. I sincerely regret the civilian casualties, but
unfortunately this is part of the ugly reality of war. However, I
never issued an order or authorised an order for the assassination of
anybody, nor was I ever approached for such authorisation by any
member of the South African Defence Force. The killing of political
opponents of the government, such as the slaying of Dr Webster, never
formed part of the brief of the South African Defence Force.

Reports about the CCB were first published in 1990 by the now-defunct
weekly Vrye Weekblad, and more detailed information emerged later in
the 1990s at a number of TRC amnesty hearings. General Joep Joubert,
in his testimony before the TRC, revealed that the CCB was a long-term
special forces project in the South African Defence Force. It had
evolved from the 'offensive defence' philosophy prevalent in P.W.
Botha's security establishment.[17]
Nominally a civilian organisation that could be plausibly disowned by
the apartheid government, the CCB drew its operatives from the SADF
itself or the South African Police. According to Joubert, many
operatives did not know that they were members of an entity called the
CCB.[18]
In the wake of the National Party government's Harms Commission, whose
proceedings were considered seriously flawed by analysts and the
official opposition, the CCB was disbanded in August 1990.[19] Some
members were transferred to other security organs.[20] No prosecutions
resulted.

The Assassin's Web[citation needed]

Structure[edit]
The CCB consisted of four groups with different functions:[21] an
executive, a management board, two staff functions, eight operational
sections known as regions, and an ad hoc collection of contractors.
The overall size of the CCB never exceeded 250-300 full-time
personnel.[22]
Executive[edit]
There is much dispute about what senior military officers knew when.
However it is common cause that the CCB was a unit of special forces
at first controlled by the
General Officer CommandingSpecialSpecial Forces,
Major-General Eddie Webb[23]:53[24] who reported to the Chief of the
SADF.
Management board[edit]
The CCB operated as a civilian entity, so it had a chairman of the
board and a group of 'directors'. The GOC
SpecialSpecial Forces – Major
General Joep Joubert (1985–89) followed by Major General Eddie Webb
from the beginning of 1989 - was the chairman. The rest of the board
included Joe Verster (managing director), Dawid Fourie (deputy MD), WJ
Basson, Theuns Kruger, and Lafras Luitingh.
Staff functions[edit]
Although there is consistent evidence that the CCB had two staff
functions[23]:53 it is not clear what the names of these groups were
and whether these remained the same over the life of the CCB. Region
9, is sometimes referred to as Intelligence or Psychological Warfare
and elsewhere as Logistics. Region 10 is known as Finance and
Administration or simply Administration.[25]
Operational sections[edit]
Each region had an area manager and its own co-ordinator who reported
to the managing director.

Region 1: Botswana - regional manager up to 1988 was
Commandant Charl
Naudé and thereafter Dawid Fourie, while Christoffel Nel handled the
intelligence function.
Region 2: Mozambique and Swaziland - the manager was
Commandant Corrie
Meerholtz until the end of 1988. He was replaced by the operational
co-ordinator, Captain Pieter Botes. while the intelligence function
was performed by Peter Stanton, one of the few remaining ex-Rhodesians
from the D40 and Barnacle eras.
Region 3: Lesotho - Fourie was also the manager in region 3.
Region 4: Angola, Zambia and Tanzania - Dawid Fourie was also
responsible, taking it over in 1988 from Meerholtz. Christoffel Nel
handled the intelligence function while Ian Strange was also involved
in this region.
Region 5: International/Europe – Johan Niemoller appears to have
been coordinator. In 1987, he was suddenly withdrawn following the
arrest of a number of individuals living in England on charges of
plotting to kill ANC leaders. Eeben Barlow, the founder of the private
military company, Executive Outcomes, then took command of Region
5.[26]
Region 6:
South AfricaSouth Africa - formed on 1 June 1988; Staal Burger was
regional manager; operatives included 'Slang' Van Zyl, Chappies Maree
and Calla Botha. The TRC later receives eight amnesty applications
related to four operations: 1) the attempted killing of Abdullah Omar,
2) the planned killing of Gavin Evans, 3) bombing of the Early
Learning Centre in Athlone
Cape TownCape Town on 31 August 1989, 4) the
harassment of Archbishop
Desmond TutuDesmond Tutu in
Cape TownCape Town in 1989.
Region 7: Zimbabwe - Various CCB members co-ordinated this region
including WJ Basson and Lafras Luitingh. Others involved in
sub-management were Ferdi Barnard (for a brief period) and Alan
Trowsdale. Kevin Woods and three members of a CCB cell, Barry Bawden,
Philip Conjwayo and Michael Smith conducted a Bulawayo bombing action.
Region 8: South West Africa - headed by Roelf van Heerden.

▪Pseudo Unit: Operated by ex S.A.D.F. members. Members named: John
McCloud (ex Rhodesian) (aka:Ausie), Willem Schalk Van Der Merwe,aka:(
William Reid,William Bennet).
Blue plans and red plans[edit]
Operatives were required to have a 'blue plan'. This referred to a
front operation (mostly a business) funded by the CCB. Slang Van Zyl,
for instance, started a private investigation business while Chappies
Maree ran an electronic goods export company called Lema. Operatives
were allowed to keep the proceeds of their activities.[27] Proceeds
from all blue plan activities vastly exceeded the funding CCB received
from the state. A large private sector was created, which employing
tens of thousands of people. Former security officers not in the CCB
ran these companies alongside CCB officers.[22] In the December 1993
Goldstone Commission, the task group found that ex CCB members were
involved in various illegal activities including gun and drug
smuggling
Red plans, on the other hand, detailed the activities they would
undertake against the enemy. Operations could be of a criminal nature
as long as they had prior approval from the CCB bureaucracy. These
mostly began with a feasibility study. If the report showed merit it
was verified, then reviewed by a panel of five: the operative, the
manager or handler, the coordinator, the managing director and in the
case of violent operations, the chairman. Where loss of life was
anticipated the chairman was required to obtain approval from the
Chief of the Army or the Chief of Staff.[27]
The 'red plan' targeted victims and detailed action to be taken
against them. The scenario, as described by Max Coleman in A Crime
Against Humanity: Analysing the Repression of the
ApartheidApartheid State, was
as follows:

Step 1: A person or a target would be identified as an enemy of the
State. A cell member would then be instructed to monitor the 'target'.
Step 2: A project - i.e. the elimination of a target would be
registered with the co-ordinator. The co-ordinator would then have the
project authorised by the regional manager and the managing director.
Step 3: The CCB member would then do a reconnaissance to study the
target's movements with a view to eliminating him or her.
Step 4: The operative would propose the most practical method to the
managing director. If the director felt this method was efficient, he
would sign the proposal at what was called an 'in-house' meeting.
There adjustments could be made to the plan before it was approved.
The budget would be considered and finance would be made available for
the project. The finance would come from the budget the Defence Force
allocated to CCB activities. Indications are that money was always
paid in cash.
Step 5: The co-ordinator would be requested to make available the
necessary arms and ammunition such as limpet mines, poison and/or live
ammunition or other logistical support such as transport, etc.
Step 6: The project would be carried out and the target would be
eliminated. To do this the cell member could engage the assistance of
what were termed 'unconscious members'. These were essentially
underworld criminals who would, for money, kill as instructed. These
'unconscious' members were never told of the motive or the SADF
connection - a false motive was usually supplied.[28]

Known and suspected operations[edit]
To date there is no published record covering all operations conducted
during the CCB's five-year existence. Some of the active operations
conducted included:

Alleged harassment of

Afrikaner dissident and
Vrye Weekblad editor
Max du PreezMax du Preez by pointing
an
RPG7RPG7 at him while forcing him to consume a large amount of mampoer
or moonshine[29]
actor and playwright Hannes Muller for his role in Somewhere on the
Border, a play banned by the authorities for its criticism of the
South African Border War[30]

Alleged shooting of Danger Nyoni – 12 December 1986
Attempted contamination of drinking water in a Namibian refugee camp,
by introducing cholera bacterium into it, in an effort to disrupt that
country's independence from South Africa[31] – August 1989[32]
Attempted assault on UN
SpecialSpecial Representative, Martti Ahtisaari, in
NamibiaNamibia – 1989. According to a hearing in September 2000 of the
South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, two CCB operatives
(Kobus le Roux and Ferdinand Barnard) were tasked not to kill
Ahtisaari, but to give him "a good hiding". To carry out the assault,
Barnard had planned to use the grip handle of a metal saw as a
knuckleduster. In the event, Ahtisaari did not attend the meeting at
the Keetmanshoop Hotel, where Le Roux and Barnard lay in wait for him,
and thus escaped injury.[33]
Attempted killing of

Jeremy Brickhill in
HarareHarare – 13 October 1987[34]
Reverend
Frank ChikaneFrank Chikane by poisoning – 1989
Father Michael Lapsley,[35] who lost both hands and an eye in a letter
bomb attack in
HarareHarare – 28 April 1990
Godfrey Motsepe in
BrusselsBrussels – 4 February 1988
January Masilela — known as "Che O'Gara", his Umkhonto we Sizwe
nom-de-guerre.[36] On 30 September 2002, Masilela wrote to the South
African
SpecialSpecial Forces League conferring the Defence Minister's
recognition of the SFL as being "legally representative of the
interests of military veterans."
Dullah Omar[37] – 1989
Anton Roskam – incorrectly spelled Rosskam in TRC transcripts,
received threatening letters, car was set alight[38]
Albie SachsAlbie Sachs – by bombing in
MaputoMaputo in which he lost an arm and sight
in one eye while in a car borrowed from
Indres Naidoo thought to have
been[39] the actual target – 7 April 1988

Bombing of a
Western CapeWestern Cape kindergarten – the Early Learning Centre
– on the evening of 31 August 1989[40]
Harassment of Archbishop Desmond Tutu, by hanging a baboon foetus in
the garden of his
Cape TownCape Town home in 1989 in the hope that it would
bewitch him[41]
Killing of

Tsitsi Chiliza, the wife of an ANC member killed in an operation
targeted at
Jacob ZumaJacob Zuma – 11 May 1987
SWAPO activist Anton Lubowski[42]
Jacob 'Boy' Molekwane
ANC activist, Gibson Ncube (also known by the surname Mondlane) by
poisoning
Matsela Polokela[43] – some TRC documents misspell the surname
'Pokolela'[44]
Dulcie SeptemberDulcie September in
ParisParis – 29 March 1988. French Secret Service
involvement is alleged.[3]
David Webster –
Wits UniversityWits University academic and anti-apartheid activist
killed by Ferdi Barnard 1 May 1989, outside the Eleanor Street,
Troyeville,
JohannesburgJohannesburg home he shared with partner Maggie
Friedman[4]

Supplying materials to SAP members for the 1986 killing of KwaNdebele
cabinet minister Piet Ntuli[5]

Operations planned but not executed[edit]
According to TRC records,[45][46][47] CCB operatives were tasked to
seriously injure Martti Ahtisaari, UN
SpecialSpecial Representative in
Namibia,[48] and to eliminate the following:

Known associates[edit]
While the CCB was a section of the SADF's
SpecialSpecial Forces they were
joined on many operations by individuals from other parts of the
state's broad security apparatus,[50] sometimes making it difficult to
ascertain whether a specific person was part of the CCB or not. Of the
estimated one hundred covert members, evidence exists that the
following individuals were deployed as administrators or
operatives:[51]
Senior military decision-makers[edit]

Magnus MalanMagnus Malan – General, Minister of Defence (1980–1991)
Jannie Geldenhuys – General, and Chief of the SADF (1985–1990)[52]
Joep Joubert – held the rank of major general, Chairman of the
management board (1985–89)
Kat Liebenberg – General, and Chief of the SADF (1991–1993)
Eddie Webb – held the rank of major general, Chairman of the
management board (1989–1990)
Pieter Johan Verster – mostly known as 'Joe' Verster, aliases
'Gerhard',[53] 'Dave Martin', 'Jack van Staden' and 'Rick van Staden',
held the rank of colonel, CCB Managing Director or general manager

Operatives and associates[edit]

Donald Dolan Acheson – an Irish mercenary nicknamed 'The
Cleaner'[54]
Eeben BarlowEeben Barlow – also referred to incorrectly as "Eeban Barlow",
intelligence operative, ex-member of 32 Battalion and at one point
commander of Region 5[55]
Ferdi Barnard – prominent Region 6 operative, convicted and jailed
in 1998 for the murder of David Webster[56]
Wouter Jacobus Basson – alias Christo Britz, one time coordinator of
the Zimbabwe unit, not to be confused with his cousin Dr. Wouter
Basson[57]
Johannes Basson[58]
Barry Bawden – cousin of Kit and Gary, Region 4 operative and member
of Zimbabwe-based CCB cell known as Juliet[59]
Guy Bawden – brother of Kit, Region 4 operative and member of
Zimbabwe-based CCB cell known as Juliet[59]
Kit Bawden – Region 4 operative and head of Zimbabwe-based CCB cell
known as Juliet[59]
Petrus Foster Botes – alias Bobby Greeff,[50] held the rank of
captain
Carl Casteling Botha – nicknamed Calla, a one time forward for the
Transvaal rugby team[60]
Gray Branfield – alias major Brian, and Mr. Z,[61] killed 2004 in
Kut,
IraqIraq during a gunfight between Shi'ite radicals and Ukrainian
forces[62]
Ron Butterweck – a German (or Dutch?) mercenary/agent, active in
Angola around 1985/86
Phillip Conjwayo – Zimbabwean policeman, Region 4 operative and
peripheral member of Zimbabwe-based CCB cell known as Juliet[59]
José Daniels – CCB operator working for Petrus Botes, in the period
just prior to the first democratic elections in Namibia, was
instructed to dump four bottles containing cholera bacterium into the
water supply of a camp near Windhoek[63]
Daniel du Toit Burger – also referred to as Daniël Ferdinand du
Toit,[64] alias Staal (meaning steel in Afrikaans) Burger also the
name of an
AfrikaansAfrikaans radio comedy of the time,[65] held the rank of
colonel, erstwhile owner of the Breakers Hotel in Berea,
Johannesburg[66] and minder of a state-funded brothel,[67] recruited
into the CCB by Verster on 1 June 1988 after vacating his position as
head of the SAP's Brixton Murder and Robbery Unit[68]
Trevor Mark Floyd[69] – testified in the trial of
Wouter Basson that
he smeared poisonous ointment received from Basson[70] on the door
handle of the car belonging to Peter Kalangula; Basson denied the
allegation; Implicated in the same trial by Danie Phaal, a Project
Barnacle colleague, of murdering a fellow operator known only as
Christopher in February 1983[71]
Dawid Fourie – alias 'Heine Müller', held the rank of commandant
and one time deputy head of the CCB[72]
Edward James Gordon – nicknamed 'Peaches', informer, involved in the
attempt on the life of Dullah Omar[73]
[Gordon Proudfoot] –
SpecialSpecial Forces operative associate of Ferdi
Barnard[74]
André Wilhelmus Groenewald – alias Kobus Pienaar[75]
Isgak Hardien – nicknamed Gakkie, an informer and gangster based in
the
Western CapeWestern Cape who earned R18,000 for placing a limpet mine on the
premises of the Early Learning Centre[76]
Theodore Hermansen[75]
André Klopper[77]
Koos – CCB medical coordinator, who received, on the instructions of
Wouter Basson, 16 bottles containing the cholera bacterium on 4 August
1989, and six more twelve days later from Dr. A. Immelman of
Roodeplaat Research Laboratories[63]
David Komansky, (not to be confused with the Merrill Lynch executive
of the same name) a commodities broker from
JohannesburgJohannesburg who received
R29 million from the CCB to establish a business in Britain for
procuring arms.[78]
Theuns Kruger – alias 'Jaco Black', financial manager
Kobus le Roux implicated with Ferdi Barnard in the plot to kill
Ahtisaari[33]
Jackie Lonte – recruited to deal with United Democratic Front
supporters, founder of the 10,000 strong
Cape FlatsCape Flats gang 'The
Americans'
Hans Louw[79][80]– claimed he belonged to a squad which plotted to
kill president Samora Machel
Lafras Luitingh – held the rank of major, one time coordinator of
Zimbabwe unit[81]
Leon André Maree – nickname 'Chappies' (also the name of a popular
South African chewing gum)
Cornelius Alwyn Johannes Meerholz – nicknamed Corrie, alias
'Kerneels Koekemoer', held the rank of commandant, after transferring
to 5 Reconnaissance Regiment
Tai Minnaar[82] – once held the rank of major-general in the SADF,
founder member of the Bureau of State Security, had been a CIA
operative in 1970s Cuba[83]
Mr J- alias' Verkyker'held the rank of lieutenant – operated in
Mozambique and Swaziland, once delivered a parcel to Windhoek on
behalf of Pieter (most likely Petrus) Botes[84]
Mr R – alias 'Frans Brink', medical doctor, member until the
beginning of 1990[85]
Edwin Mudingi, former Selous Scout member of the same cell as Hans
Louw[86]
Christoffel Nel – alias 'Derek Louw', held the rank of colonel, one
time head of intelligence unit[42][72]
Johan Niemoller Jr. – also referred to as Joseph Niemoller, until
1987 coordinator of (European and International) unit
Nico Palm[87] – foreign operative, involved in the CCB front company
Geo International Trading as an explosives expert
Danie Phaal[88] – or DJ Phaal,[63] CCB head of security, also known
as Frank, James or Johan
Jao Pinta – involved in the murder of Florence and Fabian
Ribeiro[89]
Ruiz da Silva – involved in the murder of Florence and Fabian
Ribeiro[89]
Eugene Riley[90] – also referred to as Eugene Reilly
Noel Robey – involved in the murder of Florence and Fabian
Ribeiro[89]
Michael Smith – ex-Rhodesian soldier, Region 4 operative and member
of Zimbabwe-based CCB cell known as Juliet[91]
Migiel Sven Smuts-Muller – ex-31 Battalion member[85]
Peter Stanton – ex-Rhodesian, intelligence operative[72]
Pierre Theron – auditor of CCB books and keeper of share transfer
certificates for related front companies[92]
Ian Strange – alias Rodney, involved in the Angola, Zambia and
Tanzania region[72]
Alan Trowsdale[72]
Charles Wildschudt (formerly Neelse)[72]
Stefaans van der Walt – alias Anton du Randt[85]
Willie van Deventer – claimed membership of CCB, and to have been
part of the Gaborone raid in which ANC member, Matsela Pokolela, was
killed[93]
Roelf van Heerden – alias 'Roelf van der Westhuizen', one time head
of South West Africa operations[72]
Ferdi van Wyk[94] – Brigadier, also named as the Military
Intelligence contact used by
Marthinus van SchalkwykMarthinus van Schalkwyk in the covert
funding of the front organisation Jeugkrag[95]
Abram van Zyl – aliases 'Thinus de Wet'[96] and 'Andries Rossouw',
nickname 'Slang' (pronounced 'slung', means snake in Afrikaans),
responsible for the
Western CapeWestern Cape operations of Region Six, and for
Ferdi Barnard; left the CCB in October 1989
Leonard Veenendal[97]
Athol Visser[98] – nickname 'Ivan the Terrible', a high-ranking CCB
operative, posted to London in the 1980s to plan the elimination of
key opponents of apartheid that allegedly included Swedish prime
minister Olof Palme.
Gary Strout – Region 4 operative and member of Zimbabwe-based CCB
cell known as Juliet[59]
Eugene Halliday[99] – alias "Wolf", was a member of the Clandestine
Cooperation Bureau, linked to the assassination of Godfrey Mafuya[100]
in Saulsville (1985). His involvement in European missions has never
been confirmed

Associates who died mysteriously[edit]

Edward James Gordon – killed 1991[101]
André Klopper – murdered Thursday 11 May 1995 a week after amnesty
ensured his release from jail; found next to a road in Elandsfontein;
ex-SADF
SpecialSpecial Forces members Mathys de Villiers (Kaalvoet Thysie)
and Heckie Horn were tried for his murder and acquitted[102]
Jackie Lonte – murdered in the 1990s[103]
"Corrie" Alwyn Meerholtz – died in a car crash on 24 November
1989[104]
Tai Minnaar – died in September 2002[105] after a chemical and
biological weapons deal in which he was involved went wrong[106]
Eugene Riley – was killed in January 1994[107] after probing the
killing of Chris Hani[108][109]) – Died under suspicious
circumstances.[85]

...the CCB was a creation of the SADF and an integral part of South
Africa's counter-insurgency system which, in the course of its
operations, perpetrated gross violations of human rights, including
killings, against both South African and non-South African citizens.
The Commission finds that the activities of the CCB constituted a
systematic pattern of abuse which entailed deliberate planning on the
part of the leadership of the CCB and the SADF. The Commission finds
these institutions and their members accountable for the aforesaid
gross violations of human rights.

to infiltrate and penetrate the enemy;
to gather Information; and
to disrupt the enemy.

In his testimony before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Malan
declared that he had never issued an order or authorised an order for
the assassination of anybody, and that the killing of political
opponents of the government never formed part of the brief of the
South African Defence Force.[111]
Negative outcomes[edit]
The front company Oceantec among others was used to embezzle $100
million US from private investors and a collateral trading house as
part of a supposed sanctions busting operation between 1989 and
1991.[112]
CCB member Eben Barlow and Michael Mullen recruited other CCB members
to start
Executive OutcomesExecutive Outcomes a private military contractor that
provided combatants, training and equipment.
See also[edit]

3 SAI
SA Army Combat Training Centre (SAACTC)
Army Gymnasium
Army College
de Brug Training Area
General de la Rey Training Area Potchefstroom
Oustshoorn Training Area
Touwsriver Training Area
Wallmannsthal Training Area

Boschhoek Training Area
Grahamstown Training Area
Hellsgate Training Area
Heidelberg Military Area
Madimbo Corridor
Mosita Training Area
Pomfret Training Area
Riemvasmaak Training Area
Soutpansberg Military Area
Walvis Bay Military Area