1. THESE ITEMS ARE PRIMARILY FROM THE BOOK.
PRACTICE ITEMS FROM LECTURE HAVE BEEN REGULARLY
BEEN PRESENTED IN LECTURE.

2. THESE ITEMS HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED QUITE
AS CAREFULLY AS THOSE ON THE ACTUAL TEST,
SO IT IS SOMEWHAT MORE LIKELY FOR ERRORS
AND TYPOS TO HAVE CREPT IN HERE. THEY HAVE ALSO
NOT BEEN AS CAREFULLY SCREENED FOR AMBIGUITIES
OR JUST PLAIN POOR QUESTIONS.

STILL, THEY ARE GOOD PREP FOR THE TEST.

3. Jarret and I will be glad to discuss any of these items with you.
However, to do so, please bring your textbook, and be prepared to
discuss the page on which the test item indicates that the
answer appears.

4. The Page info at the end of each question shows where, in the book,
you can find the answer.Chapter 6 <>

A change in behavior or belief to
accord with others is called

obedience.

acceptance.

conformity.

compliance.

Page: 209Type:DEF

<>

Even though you really dislike wearing
a dress, you decide to wear one to your cousin's wedding. This is an
example of

obedience.

acceptance.

conformity.

compliance.

Page: 209Type:CON

After hearing a great
deal about the benefits of soy products from our friends, we decide to
drink soy milk instead of cow's milk. Our behavior is an example of

obedience.

acceptance.

conformity.

compliance.

Page: 209Type:CON

<>

Conformity that involves both acting
and believing in accord with social pressure is called

obedience.

acceptance.

conformity.

compliance.

Page: 209Type:DEF

After hearing so much about the
dangers of smoking cigarettes from the media and from seeing so many
others quit, we finally realize that smoking really is dangerous to our
health and therefore quit. Our behavior is an example of

obedience.

acceptance.

conformity.

compliance.

Page: 209Type:CON

<>

As a freshman, Tim became a vegetarian
in order to fit in with his new friends. Now, as a senior, Tim would
never consider eating meat again. What process does Tim's experience
illustrate?

compliance

acceptance

reactance

social facilitation

Page: 209Type:CON

<>

In his classic study of _____, Sherif
had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance a small
point of light appeared to move in a dark room.

obedience

group cohesiveness

norm formation

psychological reactance

Page: 210Type:FAC

<>

Studies involving __________________
most clearly demonstrate social influence taking the form of acceptance.

judgments of the length of lines

judgments of the autokinetic
phenomenon

shocking innocent victims

none of the above

Page: 210Type:FAC

<>

The autokinetic phenomenon refers to

a false group consensus.

an illusion of perceived movement of
a stationary point of light.

a form of self-efficacy.

an influential bias in social
judgment.

Page: 210Type:DEF

<>

A year after his original study,
Sherif's participants were retested alone and gave answers that
supported the original group's norm. This suggests that the process
involved was really

reactance.

compliance.

obedience.

acceptance.

Page: 210Type:FAC

<>

In spring of 1954, Seattle
residents were alarmed by widespread reports of damage by a mysterious
windshield-pitting agent. According to your text, the true cause of
public concern was most likely

fallout from recent Pacific testing
of the H-bomb.

mass suggestibility.

psychological reactance.

the autokinetic phenomenon.

Page: 211Type:FAC

<>

Asch's studies of
conformity differ in important ways from those of Sherif because

Asch's participants faced a more
ambiguous task.

Sherif's participants were dealing
with facts rather than opinions.

Asch's participants could clearly
see the correct judgment.

Sherif's participants were in the
physical presence of the pressuring group while Asch's participants
were not.

Page:
212Type:FAC

<>

While control participants were
correct about line-length judgments more than 99 percent of the time in
Asch's conformity study, his naive participants conformed to the
incorrect judgments of others _____ of the time.

12 percent

37 percent

65 percent

87 percent

Page: 214Type:FAC

When Milgram asked 100 psychiatrists,
college students, and middle-class adults to predict the results of his
experiment, the respondents said that they thought _____ would _____.

they themselves; never begin to
administer shock

they themselves; disobey by about
135 volts

other people; disobey by about 210
volts

other people; go all the way to 450
volts

Page: 217Type:FAC

<>

When Milgram conducted his first
series of experiments with a sample of 20- to 50-year-old men, he found
that over 60 percent of them

refused to deliver shocks beyond 150
volts.

refused to deliver shocks past the
300-volt level.

went clear to 450 volts.

asked to be released from the
experiment by 135 volts.

Page:
217Type:FAC

<>

In light of the Milgram studies, which
of the following is NOT one of the factors that determined obedience?

the victim's emotional distance

the victim's physical distance

the authority's closeness and
legitimacy

whether or not the authority was
institutionalized

Page: 218-219Type:FAC

<>

In a variation of the Milgram study,
the learner was in the same room as the teacher. Under these
conditions, ____ percent obeyed to 450 volts.

100

80

40

20

Page: 219Type:FAC

<>

Consistent with what is known about
depersonalization, Lydon and Dunkel-Schetter (1994) found that
expectant women expressed more _____ to their pregnancies after seeing
an ultrasound photo of the fetus.

apathy

resentment

commitment

hostility

Page: 219Type:FAC

<>

In Milgram's research, when the
experimenter gave the commands by telephone instead of in person, full
obedience

dropped to zero.

dropped to 21 percent.

dropped to 50 percent.

increased to 73 percent.

Page: 220Type:FAC

<>

In a study by Hofling
and colleagues (1966), 22 hospital nurses were telephoned by an unknown
physician and ordered to administer an obvious drug overdose. Results
showed that

most would not act on the order
unless the caller named a familiar physician as reference.

most nurses refused to comply unless
given the order in writing.

less experienced nurses complied but
more experienced ones challenged the order.

all but one proceeded to comply
without delay.

Page: 220Type:FAC

<>

Interpreting events differently after
hearing from others is what social psychologists call

norm formation.

conformity.

obedience.

none of the above.

Page: 220Type:FAC

<>

Doing as others do is what social
psychologists call

norm formation.

conformity.

obedience.

none of the above.

Page: 220Type:FAC

<>

_____ occurs when soldiers or
employees follow questionable orders, such as when nurses willingly
follow a physician's order to give a patient a dangerously high dosage
of medication.

Norm formation

Conformity

Obedience

Acceptance

Page: 221Type:FAC

<>

According to conformity research, a
group's social power is deflated when it loses its

agenda.

anonymity.

unanimity.

heterogeneity.

Page: 228Type:FAC

<>

The extent to which members of a group
are bound together, such as by attraction for one another, is called
_____.

conformity

cohesion

compliance

unanimity

Page: 230Type:DEF

<>

The relationship between the degree to
which a group is cohesive and the degree to which the group has power
over its members is a _______ one.

positive

negative

neutral

curvilinear

Page: 230Type:CON

<>

Group members who feel attracted to
the group are more responsive to its influence. This fact illustrates
the impact of __________ on conformity.

unanimity

status

cohesiveness

co-morbidity

Page: 231Type:FAC

<>

Bearman and Brueckner (2001) have
found that teens who make a public virginity-until-marriage pledge
become somewhat more likely to remain sexually abstinent than similar
teens who don't make the pledge. This is an example of how

status produces psychological
reactance.

a we-they feeling has evolved
between professional sports players and officials.

Conformity based on a person's desire
to fulfill others' expectations, often to gain their acceptance, is
called _____.

compliance

acceptance

normative
influence

informational
influence

Page: 234Type:DEF

<>

Conformity that occurs when people
accept evidence about reality that is provided by other people is
called _____.

compliance

acceptance

normative
influence

informational
influence

Page: 234Type:DEF

<>

In a foreign country, you find that
waving is an effective means to hail a taxi. As a result, you observe
other people's behavior to discover that sitting down on a sidewalk
bench is the only effective means. As a result, you have conformed to
the local behavior due to

compliance.

acceptance.

normative
influence.

informational
influence.

Page: 234Type:CON

<>

Conformity is greater when responding
before a group. This pattern reflects

compliance.

acceptance.

normative
influence.

informational influence.

Page: 357
and 235Type:FAC

<>

Conformity is greater when people feel
incompetent. This pattern reflects

compliance.

acceptance.

normative
influence.

informational influence.

Page: 235Type:FAC

<>

Which of the following statements is
true of conformity and obedience?

They are primarily collectivistic
phenomena.

They are primarily individualistic
phenomena.

They are universal phenomena that
vary by culture.

They are universal phenomena that
are uninfluenced by culture.

Page: 237Type:FAC

<>

Compared to people in individualistic
countries, those in collectivistic countries are

more likely to express psychological
reactance.

more responsive to others' influence.

more susceptible to the fundamental
attribution error.

none of the above.

Page: 237Type:FAC

<>

Compared to Euro-American cultures,
Asian cultures are more likely to teach their children

independence.

collectivism.

to follow their own conscience.

to respect another's privacy.

Page: 237Type:FAC

<>

Knowing that someone is trying to
coerce you may prompt you to do the opposite of that person's wishes.
This response is predicted by

reactance theory.

the theory of normative social
influence.

Milgram's theory of obedience.

social norms theory.

Page: 238Type:FAC

<>

Heilman (1976) found that when
potential petition signers were told that others believe that “people
absolutely should not be allowed to distribute or sign such petitions,”
the rate of signing

increased.

decreased.

stayed the same.

fluctuated wildly.

Page: 239Type:FAC

<>

Heilman (1976) found that when
potential petition signers were told that others believe that “people
absolutely should not be allowed to distribute or sign such petitions,”
the rate of signing increased. This study demonstrates

reactance theory.

the theory of normative social
influence.

Milgram's theory of obedience.

social norms theory.

Page: 239Type:FAC

When William McGuire and his YaleUniversity colleagues
invited children to “tell us about yourself,” they found that the
children were most likely to mention their

gender.

nationality.

distinctive attributes.

most common personal characteristics.

Page: 240Type:FAC

<>

Verute has blonde hair, a sister and a
brother, and parents who are both teachers. Verute was born in Lithuania,
and her family moved to New York
when she was six. She attends a state university in the midwestern United
States and majors in journalism. If
you asked Verute to “tell us about yourself,” she is most likely to
mention that

she has blonde hair.

she has a brother and a sister.

she was born in Lithuania.

her parents both attended college.

Page: 240Type:CON

Chapter
9

<>

>

____ is a negative attitude; ____ is a
negative behavior.

Stereotype; racism

Racism; stereotype

Discrimination;
prejudice

Prejudice;
discrimination

Page: 334Type:DEF

<>

Institutional practices that
subordinate people of a given race are called _____.

racism

prejudice

discrimination

all of the above

Page: 334Type:DEF

<>

Institutional practices that
subordinate people of a given sex are called _____.

sexism

prejudice

discrimination

all of the above

Page: 334Type:DEF

<>

<>

A state police force has set a height
requirement of 5 feet 10 inches for all officers. This requirement is
irrelevant to job effectiveness but generally excludes Hispanics,
Asians, and women from the force. Such a requirement most clearly
reflects

racism and sexism.

scapegoating and ingroup bias.

stereotyping and prejudice.

Gause's law and realistic conflict
theory.

Page: 334Type:CON

Most Americans agree
that

the activities of married women are
best confined to the home and family.

they would probably move if Black
people came to live in great numbers in their neighborhood.

the two sexes are equally emotional.

they would vote for a qualified
woman whom their party nominated for president.

Page: 341Type:FAC

<>

Eagly's (1994) “women-are-wonderful”
effect is an example of _____.

a form of prejudice

a favorable stereotype

hostile sexism

all of the above

Page: 341Type:FAC

<>

Which of the following is an example
of benevolent sexism?

“Women have a superior moral
sensibility.”

“Once a man commits, she puts him on
a tight leash.”

“Women are less skilled in
mathematics than men.”

All of the above.

Page: 341Type:CON

<>

Sex-selective abortions and
infanticide in China
and India
have led to _______ “missing women.”

seven million

seventy-six thousand

seventy-six million

twenty million

Page: 343Type:FAC

<>

____ help rationalize ____.

Gender stereotypes; gender roles

Gender roles; gender stereotypes

Gender roles; benevolent sexism

Gender roles; hostile sexism

Page: 344Type:FAC <>

A consistent finding concerning
Christianity in North America is that, in
comparison to nonmembers, church members show _____ than nonmembers.

more racial prejudice

less racial prejudice

more sexism but less racism

more conformity but less
authoritarianism

Page: 346Type:FAC

<>

Which of the following is true?

Faithful church attenders are more
prejudiced than occasional attenders.

Those who score highest on Gallup's
“spiritual commitment” index are less accepting of a person of another
race moving in next door.

Those for whom religion is an end in
itself express less prejudice than those for whom religion is more a
means to an end.

All of the above.

Page: 346Type:FAC

<>

A consistent finding is that however
religious commitment is assessed,

the less devout are less prejudiced.

commitment bears no relation to
prejudice.

the very devout are less prejudiced.

the very devout are the most
prejudiced.

Page: 346Type:FAC
<>

When the cause of our frustration is
intimidating or unknown, we often redirect our hostility. This
phenomenon is known as

prejudice.

displaced aggression.

realistic group conflict.

institutional supports.

Page: 349Type:DEF

<>

More lynching of Blacks took place in
the old South during years when cotton prices were low, suggesting that
prejudice is partly explained by

ingroup bias.

the just-world hypothesis.

displaced aggression.

institutional supports.

Page: 350Type:FAC

<>

John has just failed a chemistry test.
He goes back to his apartment and criticizes his roommate's choice of
music. What term best describes John's behavior?

institutionalized aggression

just-world action

displaced aggression

authoritarian regression

Page: 350Type:CON

<>

In a famous experiment by Miller and
Bugelski (1948) , college-age men staying at a summer camp were asked
to state their attitudes toward Japanese and Mexicans. Some did so
before, and then after, being forced to stay in camp to take tests
rather than going to a long-awaited free evening at a theater. Results
most clearly supported

realistic group conflict theory.

the scapegoat theory of prejudice.

the principle that unequal status
breeds prejudice.

the just-world hypothesis.

Page: 350Type:FAC

<>

Realistic group conflict theory
suggests that prejudice arises

whenever people try to live together.

when a new group moves into an area.

between groups who fail to
communicate clearly with each other.

when groups compete for scarce
resources.

Page: 350Type:DEF

<>

Palmer (1996) has found that since
1975, there is a ____ relationship between opposition to immigration
and the unemployment rate.

positive

negative

neutral

none of the above

Page: 350Type:FAC

Between classes, you notice how the
smokers congregate outside the doors, and when interacting with one
another, they seem to behave as if they identify as quite different
from those who happen to be outside the door but do not smoke. What
term would best describe the group of smokers?

an ingroup

an outgroup

a clan

an ethnocentric group

Page: 351Type:CON

<>

According to Myers, many superpatriots
define themselves by their national identity, which is their way of

justifying their racial
discrimination.

justifying their religious
discrimination.

establishing social dominance.

seeking self-esteem.

Page: 351Type:FAC

<>

A tendency to favor one's group is
called _____.

ethnocentrism

an ingroup bias

a prejudice

none of the above

Page: 351Type:DEF

<>

The favoring of one's own group that
takes place with an ingroup bias reflects

a liking for the ingroup.

a dislike for the outgroup.

a and b.

none of the above.

Page: 353Type:FAC

<>

Betty and Tina, both third-graders in
the same classroom, are assigned by their teacher to different groups
that will compete in a spelling bee. Betty and Tina each believe that
their own group is composed of the better spellers. The girls' beliefs
best illustrate

the just-world phenomenon.

ingroup bias.

the fundamental attribution error.

authoritarianism.

Page: 353Type:CON

Monteith (1993) has found that those
with _____ attitudes toward homosexuals may feel uncomfortable sitting
with a gay male on a bus seat.

accepting

disapproving

rejecting

a and b

Page: 356Type:FAC

<>

Which of the following statements is
true?

Categorization can provide useful
information about people with minimum effort.

It is difficult to resist
categorizing people into groups.

Categorization provides a cognitive
foundation for prejudice.

All of the above.

Page: 357Type:FAC

<>

The phrase “they are all alike, but we
are diverse” reflects

outgroup bias.

the outgroup homogeneity effect.

ethnocentrism.

categorization bias.

Page: 359Type:DEF

<>

Taylor and Fiske (1978) have found
that a Black in an otherwise White group, a man in an otherwise female
group, or a woman in an otherwise male group seems

less prominent than the others in
the group.

less influential.

to be the cause of whatever happens.

none of the above.

Page: 360Type:FAC

<>

Your co-worker tells you that she has
both a pet snake and a pet dog at home. You are likely to describe her
to new office employees as a

snake owner.

dog owner.

a and b.

none of the above.

Page: 361Type:CON

<>

Your new roommate introduces himself
as having an Irish and Tahitian background. You are most likely to
introduce your roommate to your friends as

Irish.

Tahitian.

both Irish and Tahitian.

none of the above.

Page: 361Type:CON

Hamilton and Rose's
(1980) research in which students read sentences describing
accountants, doctors, and salespeople reveals that

preexisting stereotypes lead us to
“see” correlations that do not exist.

vivid information is irrelevant to
occupational stereotypes.

positive information is better
remembered if it describes doctors.

distinctive information is ignored
in forming impressions.

Page: 365Type:FAC

Explaining away
outgroup members' positive behaviors and attributing negative behaviors
to their dispositions is known as

the scapegoat theory of prejudice.

the just-world bias.

outgroup discrimination.

group-serving bias.

Page: 365Type:DEF

Which of the following
would be an example of the group-serving bias?

Cheryl believes that women are
unemployed because of discrimination while men are unemployed because
of low motivation.

Sue believes that members of her own
family are prejudiced while her husband's family is tolerant.

Chuck believes that mistakes made by
both men and women are due to low intelligence.

Bill believes that groups outperform
individuals in solving problems.

Page: 365Type:CON

Linking good fortune
with virtue and misfortune with moral failure enables fortunate people
to feel pride and to avoid responsibility for the unfortunate. This is
an example of the _____ phenomenon.

retribution

just-world

ingroup bias

stereotype invulnerability

Page: 367Type:CON

____ occurs when
groups of individuals who don't fit their stereotype are thought of as
a special category.

Subtyping

Subgrouping

Prejudice

Discrimination

Page: 370Type:DEF

<>

____ occurs when a new stereotype is
formed about groups of individuals who don't fit their stereotype.

Subtyping

Subgrouping

Prejudice

Discrimination

Page: 370Type:DEF

<>

____ are exceptions to the group;
_____ are acknowledged as part of the overall group.

Subgroups; subtypes

Subtypes; subgroups

Ingroups; outgroups

Outgroups; ingroups

Page: 370Type:FAC

<>

Sally's parents have commented that
the nice new family on the block, who is Black, represents
“professional, middle-class Blacks.” Sally's parents are engaged in

subgrouping.

subtyping.

discrimination.

prejudice.

Page: 370Type:CON

<>

Nicole mentions to you that she only
takes courses with “young, hip professors.” Nicole is engaged in

subgrouping.

subtyping.

discrimination.

prejudice.

Page: 370Type:CON

Chapter
10

<>

>

Which of the following would be an
example of aggression as defined in the text?

Luisa urges her classmates not to
vote for Marcy for dormitory senator, citing some rumors about Marcy's
social life.

Carla, a dentist, delivers a shot of
Novocain before pulling her patient's diseased tooth.

Joe's eagerness and enthusiasm
result in his being promoted to sales manager in a very short time.

Page: 381Type:CON

<>

>

_____ aggression aims to hurt only as
a means to some other end.

Manipulative

Duplicitous

Hostile

Instrumental

Page: 381Type:DEF

<>

>

Most terrorism is _____ aggression.

manipulative

duplicitous

hostile

instrumental

Page: 381Type:FAC

<>

>

Most murders are _____ aggression.

manipulative

duplicitous

hostile

instrumental

Page: 381Type:FAC

<>

>

Of the following, which is the best
example of instrumental aggression?

An angry football player tackles a
quarterback after he has attempted a long pass.

A jealous wife finds her husband
with another woman and shoots them both.

A group of mercenaries, hired to
kill the dictator of a small country, arrange to poison him.

A man smashes his TV set after he
cannot make it work.

Page: 382Type:CON

<>

>

Cold, calculated mob murders should be
classified as

genetically based.

hostile aggression.

instrumental aggression.

silent aggression.

Page: 382Type:DEF

Which theory is most susceptible to
the criticism of trying to explain aggression by naming it?

instrumental aggression theory

instinct theory

frustration-aggression theory

social-learning theory

Page: 382Type:FAC

<>

>

Which one of the following is NOT one
of the reasons that Buss and Shackelford (1997) believe aggression was
adaptive for our distant ancestors?

It was a strategy for gaining
resources.

It helped people defend against
attacks.

It intimidated or eliminated male
rivals for females.

None of the above.

Page: 383Type:FAC

<>

>

A study of brain activity in the
prefrontal cortex of murderers found

no differences between these men and
normal controls.

14 percent less activity than normal.

95 percent less activity than normal.

95 percent more activity than normal.

Page: 383Type:FAC

<>

>

How intense and reactive we are in
infancy reflects our

serotonin levels.

aggressive instinct.

temperament.

social learning.

Page: 384Type:DEF

<>

>

Research has found that when measured
in infancy, temperament

usually changes.

usually endures.

sometimes changes given the
occurrence of stressful life events.

b and c.

Page: 384Type:FAC

MacDonald and others (2000) have found
that intoxicated people administer stronger shocks and feel angrier
when thinking about

their physical shortcomings.

their grades in college.

relationship conflicts.

all of the above.

Page: 384Type:FAC

<>

>

Research on alcohol and aggression has
indicated that

over half of rapists surveyed report
they had been drinking before committing their offense.

people who have been drinking commit
more than half of all homicides.

in experiments, intoxicated people
administer stronger shocks.

all of the above.

Page:
384-385Type:FAC

<>

>

Studies of hormonal influences on
aggression indicate that

hormonal influences are as strong in
humans as they are in lower animals.

after age 25, testosterone and rates
of violent crime decrease together.

variations in testosterone seem to
have no effect on behavior within the normal range of teen boys and
adult men.

all of the above.

Page: 385Type:FAC

<>

>

Jessie's car had a flat tire in the
rain. After she managed to fix it, she arrived home late only to have a
parking spot just in front of her apartment taken by a faster driver.
Coming home, she kicks her pet cat who is waiting at the door. Jessie's
behavior is perhaps most easily explained in terms of

frustration-aggression theory.

the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Murphy's law.

social learning theory.

Page: 385Type:CON

<>

>

The redirection of aggression to a
target other than the source of frustration is referred to as

displacement.

substitution.

instrumental aggression.

projection.

Page: 386Type:DEF

<>

>

Displaced aggression is most likely
when the target _____ to the instigator.

shares no similarity

shares some similarity

is somehow related

all of the above

Page: 386Type:FAC

<>

>

Research indicates that there is a
_____ relationship between the unemployment rate in the United
States and the incidence of violent
crime.

positive

negative

neutral

a or b, depending on the season

Page: 388Type:FAC

<>

>

After the Detroit
riots of 1967, the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
concluded that when there occurs a “revolution of _____,” frustrations
can escalate even while conditions improve.

poverty

abstinence

helplessness

rising expectations

Page: 388Type:FAC

<>

>

The perception that one is less well
off than others to whom one compares oneself is referred to as

the adaptation level phenomenon.

relative deprivation.

Parkinson's second law.

the unjust-world principle.

Page: 389Type:DEF

<>

>

Arvid didn't work very hard on his
last class essay assignment, so he was relieved at first to find he'd
gotten a “C” on it. But when he learned that most of his classmates had
gotten “B's” and “A's”, he felt unhappy and angry about his grade.
Arvid's experience is best explained in terms of

the adaptation-level phenomenon.

the relative deprivation principle.

displacement.

Parkinson's second law.

Page: 389Type:CON

<>

>

Jeremy instigates more and more fights
with younger children on the school playground because it gains him the
attention and respect of his friends. This most clearly suggests that
his aggression is

the result of frustration.

instinctive.

a learned response.

the result of displacement.

Page: 390Type:CON

<>

>

Compared to the national rate, abused
children are _______ times _______ likely to abuse their own children.

4; less

4; more

30; more

40; more

Page: 391Type:FAC

<>

>

In the Southern culture of honor,
White men are

twice as likely as rural Midwestern
White men to have guns for protection.

half as likely to agree that “a man
has a right to kill to defend his home.”

twice as likely to be against
spanking.

half as likely to support wars.

Page: 392Type:FAC

<>

>

Which of the following has NOT been
linked with aggressive behavior according to your text?

offensive odors

cigarette smoke

air pollution

dog barking

Page: 394Type:FAC

<>

>

In relation to aggression, the most
studied environmental irritant is

pain.

cigarette smoke.

air pollution.

heat.

Page: 394Type:FAC

<>

>

Violent crimes are more likely

in the winter than summer months.

when the weather is hot.

on nights with a full moon.

none of the above.

Page: 394Type:FAC

Given the review of research on heat
and aggression in your text, you can conclude that the relationship
between these two variables is _____.

positive

negative

neutral

curvilinear

Page: 394Type:CON

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Berkowitz and LePage (1967) found that
frustrated men delivered more shocks when

guns happened to be in the room.

badminton rackets happened to be in
the room.

they had just received a shot that
lowers serotonin levels.

they were initially depressed.

Page: 396Type:FAC

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Which of the following has been found
to be an effect of modeling sexual violence in movies and television?

Women are more likely to believe
rape is a serious crime.

Men become more accepting of
violence against women.

Women become more aggressive toward
other women.

All of the above.

Page: 398Type:FAC

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“Watching violence on television gives
people a harmless opportunity to vent their aggression.” This statement
is most clearly consistent with the _____ hypothesis.

sensitization

catharsis

frustration-aggression

social learning

Page: 404Type:CON

As part of therapy, a clinical
psychologist encourages her patients to install a punching bag in their
homes to release hostility. The therapist apparently believes in

social learning theory.

Parkinson's second law.

the catharsis hypothesis.

the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Page: 404Type:CON

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Gallup
youth surveys show that the percent of 13- to 17-year-olds feeling
there was too much movie violence has _____.

increased

decreased

stayed the same

changed depending on geographic area

Page: 409Type:FAC

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Gallup
youth surveys show that the percent of 13- to 17-year-olds feeling
there was too much movie violence has decline from ___ percent in 1977
to ____ percent in 2003.

98; 52

76; 43

42; 27

23; 08

Page: 409Type:FAC

According to Anderson
(2003), three dozen available studies on video games and their effects
reveal ____ consistent effects.

0

2

5

7

Page: 411Type:FAC

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Which of the following is not one of
the five consistent effects that Anderson
(2003) has found to be associated with video games?

increased interest in drugs and
alcohol

increased aggressive thinking

increased arousal

decreased prosocial behaviors.

Page:
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Anderson's
(2003) research on the effects of video games has reported that there
is_____ relationship between violent game play and frequency of
arguments with teachers.

a positive

a negative

a neutral

no

Page: 412Type:FAC

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Bushman (2002) invited angered
participants to hit a punching bag while either ruminating about the
person who angered them or thinking about becoming physically fit. A
third group of participants did not hit the punching bag. When given a
chance to administer loud blasts of noise to the person who angered
them, people in the _____ condition felt angrier and were more
aggressive.

not punching bag

punching bag plus fitness thoughts

punching bag plus rumination

none of the above

Type:FAC

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Bradshaw's books on “reclaiming your
inner child” suggest techniques that are consistent with what social
psychologists call

inhibiting impulses.

the cathartic effect.

diffusing responsibility.

providing role models.

Page: 418Type:FAC

Chapter
12

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While walking down the street with
your friend Sabrina the other day, she stopped to ask a child why he
was crying. The boy said that he was lost, so Sabrina took time out of
her busy day to help the child find his way home. Sarbrina's behavior
can be characterized by

the social responsibility norm.

egoism.

social-exchange theory.

altruism.

Page: 477Type:DEF

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According to the text, _____ provides
the classic illustration of pure altruism.

the parable of the Prodigal Son

the parable of the Good Samaritan

the Kitty Genovese case

the Sylvia Likens case

Answer: BPage: 477Type:FAC

The opposite of altruism is _____.

apathy

antipathy

egoism

selfishness

Page: 477Type:FAC

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Altruism is to _____ as egoism is to
_____.

Gouldner; Batson

reciprocity; social justice

evolutionary theory; social norms
theory

another's welfare; one's own welfare

Page: 479Type:CON

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Francine, who is 6, realizes how
upsetting it is for another child in her class to lose her backpack.
Social psychologists would predict that Francine

would take pleasure in helping the
other child find her backpack.

would take pleasure in helping the
other child find her backpack, but only if she were to gain recognition
for helping.

would not take pleasure in helping
the other child find her backpack.

none of the above.

Page: 481Type:CON

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Few findings have been more consistent
than the fact that _____ people are helpful people.

happy

well-rested

well-educated

easy-going

Page: 482Type:FAC

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Studies of the effects of mood on
helping suggest that adults who feel _______ are more likely than those
in a neutral control condition to help.

guilty

sad

happy

all of the above

Page: 482Type:FAC

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According to research cited in the
text, which of the following is the correct order?

After Mr. Walters' neighbor helped him
paint his house, Mr. Walters felt obligated to offer to help the
neighbor remodel his kitchen. Mr. Walters' sense of obligation most
likely resulted from the

door-in-the-face phenomenon.

social responsibility norm.

reciprocity norm.

equal status norm.

Page: 484Type:CON

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The relationship between the ability
to reciprocate and how demeaned one feels by accepting help is

positive.

negative.

neutral.

curvilinear.

Page: 484Type:FAC

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Ian is from England,
Panayiotis is from Greece,
and Tikh is a man from India.
Which one of these people is most likely to support and act on the norm
of social responsibility?

Ian

Panayiotis

Tikh

Ian and Panayiotis are both more
likely than Tikh

Page: 485Type:CON

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The research on gender and helping
norms reveals that ____ offered more help when the persons in need were
females, and ____ offered help equally to males and females.

men; women

women; men

older men; younger women

younger men; older women

Page: 486Type:FAC

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____ are twice as likely as ____ to
seek medical and psychiatric help.

European-Americans; Asian-Americans

Asian-Americans; European-Americans

Men; women

Women; men

Page: 486Type:FAC

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Evolutionary psychology contends that
the essence of life is

gene survival.

self-actualization.

holistic health.

the discovery of meaning.

Page: 487Type:DEF

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>

According to evolutionary theory,
genetic selfishness predisposes us toward helping based on

reciprocity.

social responsibility.

social justice.

egoism.

Page: 487Type:FAC

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The idea that evolution has selected
altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of
mutually shared genes is referred to as

evolutionary kinship.

altruistic selection.

kin selection.

self-serving helpfulness.

Page: 487Type:DEF

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People who live in _____ are least
likely to relay a phone message, mail lost letters, cooperate with
survey interviewers, do small favors, or help a lost child.

big cities

small towns

rural environments

apartments

Page: 488Type:FAC

Since we are born selfish,
evolutionary psychologists such as Richard Dawkins propose that we
attempt to

develop a drug that will encourage
altruism.

develop an “altruistic gene.”

teach altruism.

live only in small, isolated
communities.

Page: 488Type:FAC

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>

According to the text, which theory of
altruism provides a coherent scheme for summarizing a variety of
observations?

social norms

social-exchange

evolutionary

all of the above

Page: 489Type:FAC

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___ is an emotion evoked by sympathy
for another.

Egoism

Empathy

Altruism

Voyeurism

Page: 490Type:DEF

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>

Latané and Darley (1968) had
university students complete questionnaires in a small room, and then
had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working_____tended to notice the smoke _____.

in groups; in less than five seconds

alone; in less than five seconds.

on a challenging task; in about 20
seconds

on a rote task; in less than five
seconds

Page:
496-497Type:FAC

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The tendency to overestimate others'
ability to “read” our internal states is called the illusion of _____.

deceit

visibility

awareness

transparency

Page: 497Type:DEF

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Which of the following factors is
likely to increase helping behavior?

the presence of others who offer help

the presence of others who do nothing

time pressure

being nonreligious

Page: 503Type:FAC

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DeBruine (2002) found that when
students played an interactive game with a supposed other player,
participants were ______ when the other person's pictured face had some
features of their own face morphed into it.

more trusting but less generous

more trusting and more generous

less trusting but more generous

less trusting and less generous

Page: 504Type:FAC

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Confederates who were dressed either
conservatively or in counterculture garb approached either “straight”
or “hip” college students and asked for change to make a phone call.
Results of this experiment confirmed a _____ bias in helping.

familiarity

similarity

credibility

complementarity

Page: 505Type:FAC

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Compared to low self-monitoring
people, high self-monitoring people are especially helpful if they
think that

no one is watching them.

helping will be effective.

helpfulness will be socially
rewarded.

no one else is likely to help.

Page: 506Type:FAC

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A racial bias in helping is least
likely to emerge when

norms for appropriate behavior are
well-defined.

norms for appropriate behavior are
ambiguous.

the victim is well-dressed.

the situation is ambiguous.

Page: 507Type:FAC

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According to the text, individuals who
identify as ______ in terms of spiritual commitment were most likely to
report working among the poor, infirm, or elderly.

highly uncommitted

moderately uncommitted

moderately committed

highly committed

Page: 508Type:FAC

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Which of the following is an effective
way to increase helping behavior?

reduce the ambiguity of the situation

model prosocial behavior

make people feel guilty

all of the above

Page:
508-509Type:FAC

Researchers have found that with
door-to-door solicitation, there is more success when requests for
contributions are

random.

systematic.

large.

small.

Page: 511Type:FAC

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Which of the following is NOT one of
the ways Myers suggests to socialize altruism?

teach moral inclusion

learn about egoism

model altruism

attribute helping behavior to
altruism

Page:
512-513Type:FAC

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Regarding people who are different as
within one's circle of moral concern is called

moral exclusion.

moral inclusion.

exclusive altruism.

ingroup moralism.

Page: 512Type:DEF

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Both European Christians who risked
their lives to rescue Jews during the Nazi era and civil rights
activists of the 1950s report that

they came from families who
themselves had been victims of some form of social injustice.

they had warm, close relationships
with at least one parent who was a “strong moralist,” committed to
humanitarian causes.

their efforts were in part a
reaction to having been raised in a troubled family environment in
which parents and children were in frequent conflict.

they were firstborn or only children
whose parents had taught them courage and independence.