Global Handwashing Day - why you probably have poo on your phone.

Apparently yesterday was Global Handwashing Day! This is a day designed to encourage awareness of proper handwashing procedures and in the spirit of this I thought I'd take a look at a paper that came out recently about the amount of faecal matter found on mobile phones in the UK.

Carried out by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine the report measured the bacterial load of people's hands and phones, including the amount of the faecal bacteria E. coli. E. coli is a strange little bacteria because it has two separate incarnations, good and evil. Good E. coli are the harmless little bugs that are used for general laboratory research, but some E. coli, particularly the strains naturally found in the human digestive tract, can be very dangerous if they stray from the part of the body they are meant to be found in.

The research focused on sampling from major cities, and the data for the average number of bacteria found on phones looks like an advertisement by the Southern Snob tourist board. London, Brighton, Cardiff and Exeter have the lowest, while Glasgow, Edinburgh and Newcastle show the highest bacterial load. This is the load of all bacteria though, many of which will be completely harmless, and the data for the presence of E. coli looks surprisingly different. Birmingham has the dubious distinction of winning, with 41% of sampled phones containing faecal E. coli while Glasgow (5%) and Newcastle (9%) come off relatively lightly [link to all data below the article].

Surprisingly enough the city with the lowest percentage of E. coli on phones is Carlisle, which also has a relatively low bacterial load. For those readers who don't live in the UK, or are geographically challenged, there's a map below:

Map from wikimedia, captions by me. The dots might not be in *exactly* the right places, but they are approximately correct.

Although the first response to this research is to shrink away in disgust, this isn't really that surprising. Hands are often not washed correctly, with soap and water, nearly enough times during the day. And as humans in general are bacteria-attracting machines it is hardly surprising that 95% of people were found with bacteria on their hands. I'd be worried about the other 5% myself. These studies always bring up the numbers, which are changed into nice headlines for the press releases, but the one question never addressed is "is this worrying."

The press release tells us that "Every year, 3.5m children under the age of five are killed by pneumonia and diarrhoeal diseases" but I'm pretty sure those aren't children from Glasgow. Also I know that nowadays mobile phones are all in, but how many children under five own one? Washing hands is important, vitally important if you're a doctor, nurse, or schoolteacher, but the number of people who get E. coli infections from their mobile phones in negligible. The largest E. coli scare of recent times happened because of bean-sprouts. That would not have been prevented by anyone washing their hands (although washing the bean-sprouts would, admittedly, have helped a bit).

I'm also a bit saddened by the sample size here. The researcher's went to "12 cities and took 390 samples" which by my mathematics works out as 32.5 samples per city. That means that not only did some poor guy travel all the way from London to Glasgow just to collect around 30 samples, it means that unless someone was carrying half a phone they didn't even sample the same numbers per city. And thirty is not a large number. Sampling fourty random street commuters in London and twenty-five people who've just rushed out the loo in the train station in Birmingham would be enough to skew the odds significantly.

Washing hands with soap and water is an incredibly effective way of getting rid of bacteria, far more effective and convenient than those little alcohol gels at the hospital, or packets of tissues. On the other hand, while studies like this are good to boost awareness every now and again, they probably aren't as panic-worthy as they sound. Yes there are bacteria on your phone. And your hands, your doorknobs, your skin, your sofas cushions and basically anything you come into contact with. But it's all far less likely to hurt you than crossing the road, or eating undercooked meat.

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