Apart from its riparian habitat P. chlamydospora has been associated with what may be largely opportunistic root infections of Abies and Pseudotsuga in Christmas tree plantations, root rot of ornamental Prunus and Chamaecyparis; and, in one instance, with stem cankers on tanoak (N. densiflorus) in a natural forest (Table 1). Artificial inoculations of several plant species have confirmed that P. chlamydospora can be pathogenic on stems and roots (Navarro et al. 2014, Reeser et al. 2008). However, true status of P. chlamydospora as a pathogen in forests has yet to be established. Where it is locally abundant in streams there is usually no visible evidence of disease in adjacent vegetation. In contrast, P. chlamydospora appears to be a pathogen of horticulturally valuable species in managed systems where it can cause both root and foliar disease on a range of woody hosts.