Revision as of 16:40, 2 September 2019

Description

The Oroboros O2k is the modular system for high-resolution respirometry (HRR) for mitochondria and cell research. HRR is the basis for combined measurement of respiration and ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, Ca2+, or pH. With the Oroboros O2k, small amounts of biological samples can be used for bioenergetic and OXPHOS analysis, ranging from isolated mitochondria, permeabilized tissues and permeabilized cells to intact cells and tissues slices. The modular O2k-concept is supported by DatLab 7 with high flexibility for extension by add-on O2k-Modules or economical first steps with the Startup O2k-Respirometer.

The Oroboros O2k: development and distribution

Named the O2k for the ability to measure oxygen (O2) in 2 experimental chambers (k: Kammern, German for chambers), the O2k is also the 2nd generation of our high-resolution respirometers. The first model of our system was available as of 1992. Development of the O2k started in 2k (2000) with the first O2k being delivered in 2002. option for alternative text to first few bullet points that relate to how the parts of the name#LT

O2k: The O2k is the 2nd generation of our high-resolution respirometers. The first model was available as of 1992. Development of the new O2k started in 2k (2000) and the first O2k was delivered in 2002.

O2k: The O2k has two experimental chambers (k: Kammern, German for chambers). Why 2 mL?

The O2k-Core (O2k-Series D - G with the O2k-Fluo LED2-Module) and the O2k-FluoRespirometer (O2k-Series H) are the basis for combined measurement of respiration and fluorometric signals. next is what, it sounds like there is more information following

Why buy an Oroboros O2k and not a different Oxygraph?

What is the O2k

Rename this section or add into the description? Seems like if I have read this far and am still asking what is the O2k, we've gone wrong in the above content#LT

O2k: The O2k has two experimental chambers (k: Kammern, German for chambers). Why 2 mL?- move to Development section#LT

O2k: The O2k measures oxygen (dioxygen, O2) as a gas dissolved in aqueous solution. - move to Development section#LT

With the O2k, experimental data are displayed not only of oxygen concentration over time; but real-time transformation of these data allows the experimenter to follow respiration (oxygen consumption, oxygen flux) of biological and biochemical samples while the experiment is still running. - move to Description section#LT

An Oxygraph is not used to measure oxygen concentration in a tissue, but for high-resolution analysis of respiratory activity of biological or biochemical samples transferred into the experimental chamber. - remove #LT

Specific substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocols are applied in studies of cell respiration or mitochondrial activity. - signpost to SUIT protocols in description and take out the rest. Might be too much detail? #LT In experiments with intact cells, different coupling control states can be studied to evaluate ROUTINE respiratory activity, respiration coupled to ATP production, respiratory excess capacity, residual oxygen consumption, and, by extension of conventional protocols, intactness of cell membranes. In mitochondrial preparations such as isolated mitochondria, permeabilized cells and tissue samples, or homogenized tissue, quantitative information is obtained on selected mitochondrial pathways, particularly of the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria and bacteria. Comprehensive OXPHOS analysis leads us beyond the highly informative process of oxygen consumption, when high-resolution respirometry is combined with O2k-MultiSensor modules to simultaneously measure the production of reactive oxygen species or mitochondrial membrane potential, nitric oxide production, acid-base balance or calcium with O2k-FluoRespirometry or ion selective electrodes. In the O2k, these bioenergetic parameters are always evaluated in combination with the measurement of oxygen concentration and respiration.

In contrast to merely offering an oxygen measuring device, the Oroboros O2k is integrated into a systems approach to high-resolution respirometry. This spans from experimental tools which are invaluable in the lab (e.g. ISS), or little aids that are crucial for tissue preparation (forceps), mitochondrial respiration medium (MiR05-Kit), substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocols, and the unique O2k-Workshops. - remove information sounds more like it is about Oroboros Intruments and not the modular concept #LT

Oroboros O2k: O2k and High-Resolution Respirometry

High-Resolution Respirometry (HRR) is the result of our long-term expertise in instrumental design, software development, mitochondrial physiology, clinical and pharmacological applications, and world-wide scientific cooperation. The innovative O2k-developments provide a system of highest quality and distinguish HRR as a method and concept.

Instead of long information of HRR should we just add the link? Agree, it has already been mentioned above#LT

HRR is defined on the basis of instrumental features of the O2k. The limit of detection of oxygen flux is as low as 1 pmol O2.s-1.mL-1. Oxygen backdiffusion at zero oxygen is <4 pmol.s-1.mL-1. Oxygen consumption by the polarographic oxygen sensor at air saturation and standard barometric pressure (100 kPa) is 2.7 pmol.s-1.mL-1 (± 0.9 SD; 114 test runs at 37 °C). These highly standardized instrumental background fluxes are a linear function of oxygen concentration, which is used for automatic background correction of oxygen flux (DatLab). Typical exponential time constants of the oxygen sensors are <4 s, used for dynamic corrections in kinetic studies. Signal noise at zero oxygen concentration is <0.05 µM O2.

The Oroboros O2k is the unique state-of-the-art instrument for HRR - where high-resolution counts:

Today, such high resolution meets rapidly increasing demands, reflected by the increasing number and high level of O2k-Publications. Applications of the O2k in leading O2k-Network Labs are the driving forces for a rapid advancement of mitochondrial physiology. Open access to the O2k-Manual is an integral part of the concept of Oroboros Instruments on Gentle Science and Scientific Social Responsibility. With sharing of O2k-Procedures and implementation of quality control, the study of mitochondrial and cell respiration emerges as a quantitative science. Thus high-resolution respirometry provides the foundation for comparative mitochondrial physiology, biomedical research, translation into clinical applications, establishing quantitative functional mitochondrial diagnosis.

The O2k is used in basic and applied research to study the respiration of tissues, cells and mitochondria. Fairly simple to highly complex, comprehensive experimental protocols can be applied to assess either basal mitochondrial characteristics or obtain diagnostic insight into respiratory pathways. Topically, studies using the O2k range from comparative physiological investigations addressing evolutionary and environmental aspects of mitochondrial metabolism over the energetics related to exercise physiology, nutrition and life style, to aspects of clinical interest such as the impact of metabolic diseases, cancer, or pharmacological interventions.