In just one more month, you'll be finished writing the first draft of your research paper. The hard part is almost over.

In-text Citation:In today's lesson, we learned to use use in-text citation. There are three types of in-text citation that you can use in your research paper:a. quotationsb. paraphrasesc. summaries

We need to use in-text citation to support our own ideas. If we use the opinions of others and statistical information, this improves the credibility of your research paper. In other words, the reader will trust your opinions. Also, we need to use in-text citation to avoid plagiarism (= copy somebody’s idea and claim it as your own). If you use another person’s idea, you must tell the reader where you got that information.

Quotations:We looked at different styles of using in-text citation and focused on how to cite direct and second-hand quotes. Pay careful attention to difference between direct and second-hand quotes.

1. Direct QuoteWhen you use a direct quote, you are quoting the information directly from your source. For example:

James (2001, p. 3) says that “Less than half of all internet users use English as their native language, and this figure continues to decrease."

This tells us that James said the quote and you can find the quote on page 3 of James’ source.

2. Second-hand QuoteWhen you use a second-hand quote, you are quoting a quote from your source. For example,

President of the Council of Ministers for the European Union, Anna Lindh, says that “Russian, Mandarin, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese have all been guilty of extinguishing other languages” (as cited in James, 2001, p. 3).

This tells us that Lindh said the quote, but Lindh did NOT write the source. James uses this quote in his source and you can find it on page 3.