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Science Form/Functio

Science Test March 2017 Form and Function

Anything made of parts put together for a particular purpose (or purposes)

What is the difference between Form and Function?

Form: the shape and physical appearance of a Structure
Function: the task or purpose of the structure

What is Force?

A push or a pull

What is the definition of Gravity?

The force of attraction between all objects

What are the effects of Gravity?

-Gravity that pulls objects of small mass together is weak *is noticeable when at least one of the objects has a large mass. *Gravity of objects w/ very large mass (earth) can move object w/ small mass (eraser) large distance- why objects fall to ground

What is the difference between Applied and Non-Contact Forces?

Applied Forces: forces that push or pull objects when objects come in contact with one another
Non-Contact Forces: forces that push or pull things without contact

Mass: the quantity of matter in an object
Weight: the force of gravity acting downward on an object

What instruments are used to measure mass?

Balance and a scale

What instruments are used to measure weight

Newton Spring Scale
**because weight is a measure of force, it has a magnitude and a direction. We might say that a mass of 1 kg had a weight of almost 10 N downward

What are the units used to measure mass?

Grams (g) and Kilograms (kg)

What are the units used to measure weight?

Newtons (N)

What are 2 different ways that we can describe force?

1. DIRECTION OF FORCE: up, down, left, right or sideways. in diagrams the direction of arrows shows the direction of force
2. MAGNITUDE OF FORCE: strength of force (greater/lesser) in diagrams the thicker the arrow the greater the magnitude

What is Load?

A force acting on a structure

What is a Static Load?

Loads acting downward on structures that result from gravity

What are 2 classes of Static Loads?

1. DEAD LOAD: the weight of the structure itself
2. LIVE LOAD: the weight of the objects that a structure supports

What are Dynamic Loads?

Loads on a structure that are caused by forces other than gravity

What are some examples of forces that act on a structure to create dynamic loads

Strong structure relying on solid construction materials to support loads. They have a large mass. A well made structure can last for a very long time

Examples of a Solid Structure

-Concrete Dam
-Wooden telephone pole
-Marble Statue

What is a Frame Structure?

Uses a network of materials that support each other. A single part of structure cannot support the mass of structure by itself. Individual parts are connected & require special support so they don't bend/collapse. Widely used, sturdy, lighter than solid

Internal Force that presses or squeezes the particles of an object together.
Examples: Mattress springs (when you lie on the mattress), laying your head on a pillow, stepping on the sole of shoe

What is Torsion Force?
Examples

Internal twisting forces created in an object as a result of a twisting motion being applied to the object. Can be created when both ends of a structure are twisted or when only one end of structure is twisted
Ex: ringing out a wash cloth, door knob

What is Shear Force?
Examples

Internal force acting on an object as a result of pushes/pulls in opposite directions usually causing rips or tears. Ex:: scissors, a strong wind blowing horizontally against a tree causing shear force inside tree, can cause it to bend or break.