China's ambition to enter the supercomputing arena, among other
areas of world competitiveness, became clearer this week with a system
called Nebulae, built from a Dawning TC3600 Blade system with Intel
X5650 processors and Nvidia Tesla C2050 GPUs. Nebulae is currently the
fastest system worldwide in theoretical peak performance at 2.98
petaflops per second (PFlop/s). A petaflop is a measure of a computer's
processing speed and can be expressed as a thousand trillion floating
point operations per second. China now runs 24 of the top 500 computers
in the world, and two placed in the top 10.

The main objective of the TOP500 list,
compiled with the help of high-performance computer experts,
computational scientists, manufacturers and the Internet community in
general is to provide a ranked list of general purpose systems that are
in common use for high-end applications. The TOP500 list is compiled by
Hans Meuer of the University of Mannheim, Germany; Jack Dongarra of the
University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Erich Strohmaier and Horst Simon of
NERSC/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

The latest version of the TOP500 list, which is issued twice yearly,
will be formally presented June 31, in Hamburg, Germany. With an actual
performance of 1.271 PFlop/s, it holds the No. 2 spot on the 35th
edition of the Top 500 list of supercomputers for real-world capability
and the top spot for theoretical supercomputing performance.

Jaguar, which is located at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge
Leadership Computing Facility, held on to the top spot on the TOP500
with its record 1.75 petaflop/s performance speed running the Linpack,
or real-world performance, benchmark. Jaguar has a theoretical peak
capability of 2.3 petaflop/s and nearly a quarter of a million cores.

In part due to its NVidia GPU accelerators, Nebulae's reported
theoretical peak capability of almost 3 petaflop/s, is the highest ever
on the TOP500. The supercomputer is located in the Chinese city of
Shenzhen. Roadrunner, which was the first ever petaflop/s system at Los
Alamos in June 2008, dropped to No. 3 with a performance of 1.04
petaflop/s.

China's second entry in the TOP500 rankings, the Tianhe-1 (meaning
River in Sky), is installed at the National Super Computer Center in
Tianjin, China. The supercomputer ranked seventh on the list. Tianhe-1
and Nebulae are both hybrid designs with Intel Xeon processors and AMD
or Nvidia GPUs used as accelerators. Each node of Tianhe-1 consists of
two AMD GPUs attached to two Intel Xeon processors, the TOP500 list
explained.

The ranking organization announced IBM and Hewlett-Packard continued to
sell the bulk of systems at all performance levels of the TOP500. HP
lost its lead in systems to IBM and now has 185 systems (37 percent)
compared to IBM with 198 systems (39.8 percent). HP had 210 systems (42
percent) six months ago, compared to IBM with 186 systems (37.2
percent), the organization reported, noting in the system category,
Cray, SGI and Dell follow with 4.2 percent, 3.4 percent and 3.4
percent, respectively.