Internal Medicine

Journal of Internal Medicine Volume 1 Issue 2 published articles discussing Assessment of Antioxidant Micronutrients Levels in HIV/AIDS Patients in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria [1], An Unusual Case of Salmonella UTI in a Male Teen [2], Prospective Investigation on The Significance of Carboxyhemoglobin Level in out-of-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest [3], and Antiplatelet Pharmacogenomic Assessment in a Case of Coronary Artery Bypass [4].

HIV/AIDS patients are under chronic oxidative stress and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis and chronic complications of HIV/AIDS. Micronutrients may play an important role in the management of HIV/AIDS patients. Yeldu et al. [1]., aimed at assessing the serum antioxidant micronutrients levels in 50 controls and 200 HIV-positive adult patients attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria. The results indicated that HIV- positive patients were deficient in the vital micronutrients. Author says a further study is currently in progress that will further evaluate whether supplementation with these nutrients will replenish the body micronutrient contents for improved treatment plans of HIV patients. The obtained results indicated that HIV-positive patients were deficient in the vital micronutrients.

Yuan Liu and Thomas Waller [2]., presented a An Unusual Case of Salmonella UTI in a Male Teen. Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) is the leading bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infection globally and in the US. More than 90% of NTS infections are foodborne. NTS mostly causes acute self-limited colitis; bacteremia may develop in hosts with predisposing factors or with certain invasive serovars; focal disease may ensue due to immunosuppression and/or structural defects. Hydration is usually sufficient for colitis. Antibiotics are reserved for those who are immunocompromised, bacteremic, or at risk for severe focal disease. Author shared an unusual case of NTS urinary tract infection in an apparently healthy male teen, and this reflections on the universal, diverse, and potentially fatal NTS infection.

Global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induces the expression of Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) [1]. HO-1 is a ubiquitous inducible stress-response protein which serves a major metabolic function in heme turnover. HO-1 activity cleaves heme to form biliverdin-IXα, endogenous carbon monoxide (CO), and iron, which play a concerted role in cyto protection against oxidative stress and in the modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Yasumasa et al. [3]., prospectively investigated the significance of the level of carboxyhemoglobin following an out of hospital (OH) cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). There might be an association between carboxyhemoglobin level and ROSC, given that the level of carboxyhemoglobin tended to increase after ROSC.

Though a growing number of guidelines for the application of pharmacogenomic testing for the personalization of therapies is available from national health agencies like FDA, these are still limited in number, despite the important information that can be obtained which can potentially improve the pharmacologic outcome. In the cardiovascular field multidrug associations are common; often to prevent life threatening conditions and pharmacogenomics could help the optimization of the effectiveness of therapeutic regimens. Stefano Fortinguerra et al. [4]., Antiplatelet Pharmacogenomic Assessment in a Case of Coronary Artery Bypass. In conclusion, the case presented here brings an example of pharmacogenomics application in the cardiovascular context of aspirin-clopidogrel administration after artery bypass graft, where a dual antiplatelet therapy can be indicated.