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Art in Theory 1900-1990: An Anthology of Changing Ideas

Art in Theory, 1900-2000 : An Anthology of Changing Ideas

Summary

This popular anthology of twentieth-century art theoretical texts has now been expanded to take account of new research, and to include significant contributions to art theory from the 1990s. New edition of this popular anthology of twentieth-century art-theoretical texts. Now updated to include the results of new research, together with significant contributions from the 1990s. Includes writings by critics, philosophers, politicians and literary figures. The editors provide contextual introductions to 340 texts. Complements Art in Theory 1648-1815 and Art in Theory 1815-1900 to create a complete survey of the theories underpinning the development of art in the modern period.

Author Biography

Charles Harrison is Professor of History and Theory of Art and Staff Tutor in Arts at the Open University. He is the author of numerous books on modern art criticism and art theory.

Paul Wood is Senior Lecturer in Art History at the Open University. He is co-editor, with Charles Harrison and Jason Gaiger, of Art in Theory 1648–1815 (2001) and Art in Theory 1815–1900 (1998).

Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgements

xxv

A note on the Presentation and Editing of Texts

xxvi

General Introduction

1

(10)

I The Legacy of Symbolism

Introduction

11

(4)

IA Classicism and Originality

15

(44)

from Eugene Delacroix to Neo-Impressionism 1899

15

(3)

Paul Signac

Letter to Fontainas 1899

18

(3)

Paul Gauguin

from `On Dreams' 1901

21

(7)

Sigmund Freud

from Sex and Character 1903

28

(2)

Otto Weininger

`Imagination in Painting' 1904

30

(3)

Max Liebermann

Letter to Emile Bernard 1904--1906

33

(3)

Paul Cezanne

From Letters on Cezanne 1907

36

(3)

Rainer Maria Rilke

`Cezanne' 1907

39

(7)

Maurice Denis

`From Gauguin and Van Gogh to Neo-Classicism' 1909

46

(5)

Maurice Denis

`The Mediums of Art, Past and Present' 1904

51

(7)

Julius Meier-Graefe

`Mystery and Creation' 1913

58

(1)

Giorgio de Chirico

IB Expression and the Primitive

59

(73)

`The Beauty of Form and Decorative Art' 1897--8

59

(3)

August Endell

`Paragraphs from the Studio of a Recluse' 1905

62

(1)

Albert Pinkham Ryder

Letters to Vlaminck c. 1905--1909

63

(2)

Andre Derain

Programme of the Brucke 1906

65

(1)

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

from Abstraction and Empathy 1908

66

(3)

Wilhelm Worringer

`Notes of a Painter' 1908

69

(6)

Henri Matisse

`An Essay in Aesthetics' 1909

75

(7)

Roger Fry

from Concerning the Spiritual in Art 1911

82

(7)

Wassily Kandinsky

The Cologne Lecture 1914

89

(4)

Wassily Kandinsky

`The ``Savages'' of Germany' and `Two Pictures' 1912

93

(2)

Franz Marc

`Masks' 1912

95

(1)

August Macke

`On Primitive Art' 1912

96

(1)

Emil Nolde

`On the Nature of Visions' 1912

97

(2)

Oscar Kokoschka

`Neo-Primitivism' 1913

99

(3)

Alexander Shevchenko

`What is Art?' 1913

102

(5)

Benedetto Croce

`The Aesthetic Hypothesis' 1914

107

(3)

Clive Bell

`Negro Sculpture' 1915

110

(6)

Carl Einstein

from Expressionism 1916

116

(5)

Hermann Bahr

from Artistry of the Mentally Ill 1922

121

(11)

Hans Prinzhorn

II The Idea of the Modern World

Introduction

127

(5)

IIA Modernity

132

(52)

`The Metropolis and Mental Life' 1902--3

132

(4)

George Simmel

`Asceticism and the Spirit of Capitalism' 1904--5

136

(2)

Max Weber

`Party Organization and Party Literature' 1905

138

(3)

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

from Creative Evolution 1907

141

(3)

Henri Bergson

`Nature and Culture' 1908

144

(2)

Alexander Blok

`The Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism' 1909

146

(4)

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

`Futurist Painting: Technical Manifesto' 1910

150

(2)

Umberto Boccioni

`On the Construction of Reality in Pure Painting' 1912

152

(2)

Robert Delaunay

from Art and Social Life 1912

154

(4)

Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov

`Foreword' 1914

158

(1)

Franz Marc

`Contemporary Achievements in Painting' 1914

159

(3)

Fernand Leger

`Our Vortex' 1914

162

(1)

Percy Wyndham Lewis

`Gaudier-Brzeska Vortex' 1914, and `Vortex Gaudier-Brzeska' 1915

163

(4)

Henri Gaudier-Brzeska

`Instructions for Painting Pictures of the Metropolis' 1914

167

(4)

Ludwig Meidner

from `In These Great Times' 1914

171

(2)

Karl Kraus

from Cubism and Futurism to Suprematism: The New Realism in Painting 1915--16

173

(11)

Kasimir Malevich

IIB Cubism

184

(42)

`Note on Painting' 1910

184

(1)

Jean Metzinger

`The Cubists' 1911

185

(1)

Guillaume Apollinaire

`On the Subject in Modern Painting' 1912

186

(1)

Guillaume Apollinaire

`The New Painting: Art Notes' 1912

187

(1)

Guillaume Apollinaire

from The Cubist Painters 1912

188

(2)

Guillaume Apollinaire

`Present Tendencies in Painting' 1912

190

(4)

Jacques Riviere

from Cubism 1912

194

(7)

Albert Gleizes

Jean Metzinger

`The Origins of Painting and its Representational Value' 1913

201

(4)

Fernand Leger

`The Bases of the New Creation' 1913

205

(3)

Olga Rozanova

from The Rise of Cubism 1916--20

208

(6)

Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler

`Thoughts on Painting' 1917

214

(1)

Georges Braque

`Picasso Speaks' 1923

215

(11)

Pablo Picasso

III Rationalization and Transformation

Introduction

221

(5)

IIIA Neo-Classicism and the Call to Order

226

(24)

`Notes on Cubism' 1916

226

(2)

Amedee Ozenfant

`The New Spirit and the Poets' 1918

228

(2)

Guillaume Apollinaire

from The Decline of the West 1918

230

(2)

Oswald Spengler

`Our Antiquity' 1916--18

232

(4)

Carlo Carra

`Tradition and Cubism' 1919

236

(1)

Leonce Rosenberg

`The Return to the Craft' 1919

236

(3)

Giorgio de Chirico

`Purism' 1920

239

(3)

Charles Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier)

Amedee Ozenfant

`The Dada Case' 1920

242

(3)

Albert Gleizes

`On Raphael' 1920

245

(1)

Andre Derain

`The Children of the New Epoch' 1921

245

(1)

Percy Wyndham Lewis

Reply to a Questionnaire 1921

246

(1)

Juan Gris

`Reply to a Questionnaire' 1922

247

(3)

Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub

IIIB Dissent and Disorder

250

(26)

`Dada Fragments' 1916--17

250

(2)

Hugo Ball

`The Richard Mutt Case' 1917

252

(1)

Marcel Duchamp

`Dada Manifesto 1918' 1918

252

(5)

Tristan Tzara

`First German Dada Manifesto' 1918

257

(2)

Richard Huelsenbeck

`What is Dadaism and what does it want in Germany?' 1919

259

(1)

Richard Huelsenbeck

Raoul Hausmann

from En Avant Dada 1920

260

(3)

Richard Huelsenbeck

`The Decline of Humanism' 1918

263

(2)

Alexander Blok

Novembergruppe Draft Manifesto 1918 and `Guidelines' 1919

265

(2)

Novembergruppe Opposition `Open Letter to the Novembergruppe' 1921

267

(2)

Reply to Arbeitsrat fur Kunst Questionnaire 1919

269

(1)

Walter Gropius

`Creative Credo' 1918--20

270

(1)

Max Beckmann

`Creative Credo' 1920

271

(1)

Max Pechstein

`My New Pictures' 1921

272

(2)

George Grosz

`Thank you, Francis!' 1923

274

(2)

Francis Picabia

IIIC Abstraction and Form

276

(57)

Introduction to a Catalogue 1915

276

(1)

Hans Arp

Statement 1916

277

(1)

Man Ray

from `Art as Technique' 1917

277

(4)

Viktor Shklovsky

`Manifesto 1' 1918

281

(1)

De Stijl

from Principles of Neo-Plastic Art 1915--25

281

(3)

Theo van Doesburg

`Dialogue on the New Plastic' 1919

284

(5)

Piet Mondrian

Neo-Plasticism: The General Principle of Plastic Equivalence 1920--1

289

(3)

Piet Mondrian

`Non-Objective Art and Suprematism' 1919

292

(1)

Kasimir Malevich

The Question of Imitative Art 1920

293

(5)

Kasimir Malevich

`The Realistic Manifesto' 1920

298

(2)

Naum Gabo

Anton Pevsner

Unovis `Programme of a United Audience in Painting of the Vitebsk State Free Workshops' 1920

300

(2)

`Plan for the Physico-psychological Department of the Russian Academy of Artistic Sciences' 1921

302

(2)

Wassily Kandinsky

`Analyses of the Old Masters' 1921

304

(2)

Johannes Itten

Diary Extracts 1922--3

306

(3)

Oskar Schlemmer

`The Theory and Organization of the Bauhaus' 1923

309

(5)

Walter Gropius

`Declaration of the International Fraction of Constructivists of the First International Congress of Progressive Artist' 1922--3

314

(2)

Theo van Doesburg

EI Lissitsky

Hans Richter

`What is legitimately called the New Art...' 1924

316

(1)

Wladyslaw Strzeminski

`A. and Pangeometry' 1925

317

(4)

EI Lissitsky

`The painter' c.1920

321

(2)

Hannah Hoch

from The Dehumanization of Art 1925

323

(10)

Jose Ortega y Gasset

IIID Utility and Construction

333

(29)

KOMFUT `Programme Declaration' 1919

333

(1)

`The Initiative Individual in the Collective' 1919

334

(1)

Vladimir Tatlin

Catalogue Statement 1919

335

(1)

Lyubov Popova

`The Monument to the Third International' 1920

336

(3)

Nikolai Punin

`Slogans' and `Organizational Programme' 1920--1

339

(2)

Alexander Rodchenko

`Programme of the First Working Group of Constructivists' 1922

341

(2)

Alexander Rodchenko

Varvara Stepanova

from Constructivism 1922

343

(1)

Alexei Gan

Statement by the editors of Veshch 1922

344

(1)

EI Lissitsky

Ilya Ehrenburg

LEF editorial `Whom is LEF alerting?' 1923

345

(2)

`The So-Called ``Formal Method'' 1923

347

(1)

Osip Brik

`From Picture to Calico-Print' 1924

348

(4)

Osip Brik

`Report of the Section for Material Culture's Research Work' 1924

352

(10)

Vladimir Tatlin

IV Freedom, Responsibility and Power

Introduction

357

(5)

IVA The Modern as Ideal

362

(40)

from On Modern Art 1924

362

(7)

Paul Klee

from Foundations of Modern Art 1928

369

(2)

Amedee Ozenfant

`On the Aims of Art' 1931

371

(3)

Hans Hofmann

Editorial Statements 1932 and 1933

374

(2)

Abstraction-Creation

Statements 1932 and 1933

376

(2)

Wladyslaw Strzeminski

On the concept of the `archetype' 1934 and 1938

378

(3)

Carl Gustav Jung

from Cubism and Abstract Art 1936

381

(2)

Alfred H. Barr Jr

Statements to Teriade 1936

383

(1)

Henri Matisse

`The Constructive Idea in Art' 1937

384

(3)

Naum Gabo

`Plastic Art and Pure Plastic Art' 1937

387

(6)

Piet Mondrian

`Sculpture' 1937

393

(3)

Barbara Hepworth

American Abstract Artists Editorial Statement 1938

396

(1)

`On Inventing Our Own Art' 1938

397

(1)

Ibram Lassaw

`Notes on Abstract Art' 1941

398

(4)

Ben Nicholson

IVB Realism as Figuration

402

(40)

`On Proletarian Culture' 1920

402

(1)

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

AKhRR `Declaration' 1922

403

(1)

AKhRR `The Immediate Tasks of AKhRR' 1924

404

(2)

`A Declaration of Social, Political and Aesthetic Principles' 1922

406

(1)

David A. Siqueiros

Red Group `Manifesto' 1924

407

(1)

`The Object is Primary' 1927

408

(1)

Otto Dix

ARBKD (Asso) `Manifesto' and `Statutes' 1928

408

(3)

from `My Life' 1928

411

(1)

George Grosz

from The Myth of the Twentieth Century 1930

412

(1)

Alfred Rosenberg

``Tendency'' or Partisanship?' 1932

413

(4)

Georg Lukacs

Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party `Decree on the Reconstruction of Literary and Artistic Organizations' 1932