Background: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and etiology of acquired ataxia in Al-Kharga district, New Valley, Egypt.
Methods: A population-based study of acquired ataxia was conducted in a defined geographical region with a total population of 62,583. A door-to-door survey was used to identify cases of acquired cerebellar ataxia. Patients with acquired cerebellar ataxia at any age and of both genders were included. Cases of known inherited cerebellar ataxia, acquired neurological disorders with ataxia as a minor feature, or pure acquired sensory ataxia, were excluded.
Results: We identified 17 cases of acquired ataxia, of which eight were vascular, six were an ataxic cerebral palsy subtype, and three involved postencephalitic ataxia. The crude prevalence rate for acquired ataxia was 27.16/100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.3–40.1). The mean age of the patients at interview was 31.8 (range 4–72) years, with a male to female ratio of 2.1:1. The most frequent presenting complaint was disturbance of gait (90.7%). The majority (92%) were ambulatory, but only 9.3% were independently self-caring.
Conclusion: This population-based study provides an insight into acquired cerebellar ataxia within a defined region, and may inform decisions about the rational use of health care resources for patients with acquired cerebellar ataxia. The most common causes of acquired cerebellar ataxia in this region were cerebrovascular injury and cerebral palsy.

Abstract
Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital condition where the greater portions of the cerebral hemispheres and the corpus striatum are replaced by cerebrospinal ﬂ uid and glial tissue. The meninges and the skull are well formed, which is consistent with earlier normal embryogenesis of the telencephalon. Bilateral occlusion of the internal carotid arteries in utero is a potential mechanism. Clinical features include intact brainstem reﬂ exes without evidence of higher cortical activity. The infant’s head size and the spontaneous reﬂ exes such as sucking, swallowing, crying, and moving the arms and legs may all seem normal at birth. However, after a few weeks the infant usually becomes irritable and has increased muscle tone and after a few months of life, seizures and hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal ﬂuid in the brain) may develop. Other symptoms may include visual impairment, lack of growth, deafness, blindness, spastic quadriparesis (paralysis), and intellectual deﬁ cits. Since the early behaviour appears to be relatively normal, the diagnosis may be delayed for months sometimes. There is no deﬁ nitive treatment for hydranencephaly. The outlook for children with hydranencephaly is generally poor, and many children with this disorder die before their ﬁrst birthday.

ABSTRACTSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with multiple pathologies that can affect every organ system of the body including central nervous system. Intracerebral aneurysms ad ubarachnoid Hemorrhages are one of the comparatively rarer manifestation of Central Nervous System SLE. Here we present a case of known SLE complicated by the rupture of intraerebral aneurysm atthe basilar artery ttip which was successfully treated with endovascular coiling.