Abstract
We analyze firms’ incentives to cluster in an industrial district to benefit from
reciprocal technology spillovers. A simple model of cumulative innovation is presented
where technology spillovers arise endogenously through labor mobility. It is
shown that firms’ incentives to cluster are the strongest when the following three
conditions are met: 1) technological progress is rapid; 2) competition in the product
market is relatively soft; 3) the probability of a single firm to develop an innovation
is neither very high nor very low. We show that some trade secret protection is always
beneficial for firms’ profits and stimulates clustering. Excessive protection may
impede technology spillovers and reduce firms’ incentives to cluster.
JEL Codes: J3, K2, L1, O32, O34.
Keywords: Cumulative innovation, industrial districts, intellectual property rights,
technology spillovers.

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We study a situation in which an R&D department promotes the introduction of an innovation, which results in costly re-adjustments for production workers. In response, the production department tries to resist change by improving the existing technology. We show that firms balancing the strengths of the two departments perform better. This principle is employed to derive several implications concerning the hiring of talents, monetary incentives, and technology investment policies. As a negative effect, resistance to change might distort the R&D department’s effort away from radical innovations. The firm can solve this problem by implementing the so-called ”skunk works model” of innovation where the R&D department is isolated from the rest of the organization. Resistance to change, innovation, skunk works model, contest.