Analysis of key competition issues to be considered on an international joint venture. The main focus is on EU and US antitrust laws. Use the drop down menu to include specific information (updated periodically) on issues in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, UK, United Arab Emirates and US. Alternatively, see the related content links for notes on competition law issues in those countries.

The wide geographical scope of international merger and acquisition activity often means that the competition law aspects of such transactions will be considered by a large number of different regulators. Identification of jurisdictions where filings are required and of the key strategic steps to be taken is essential. This Practice note gives practical guidance on the effective management of international competition issues.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in China. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-guide.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in India. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to merger control law in Greece. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Japan. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-guide.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Turkey. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-guide.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Iceland. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

This article examines the application of European competition rules on vertical agreements in the context of online trading. In particular, the article: Provides an overview of the current approaches under European competition law, which are consistent in treating online and offline traders equally in many respects. Provides a critical analysis of these approaches. Outlines alternative approaches. Highlights the need to apply competition law in a way that promotes innovation. This article is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

This article looks at a recent decision of the Turkish Competition Board, which pursued an improper approach in applying Article 9(3) of the Turkish Competition Law. The article critically analyses the decision in detail and looks at how misapplication of competition rules and the imposition of fines for hypothetical breaches can prevent new market entrants as well as distort competition. This article is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Romania. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Croatia. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Serbia. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Slovenia. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

This article sets out the principal considerations to take into account in bringing or defending a claim for damages in England and Wales relating to an infringement of competition law. It looks at: When and how a claim can be brought. Jurisdiction and governing law. Forum. Limitation. Procedure. Relief. Settlements and contribution. Costs and funding. This article is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

This article is a general overview of the legal regime governing anti-competitive abuse of market dominance in Turkey, covering: The relevant legislation and regulatory bodies. The assessment of market dominance. Specific conduct which constitutes abuse, including representative or significant decisions and practical recommendations for undertakings on how to mitigate the risks involved. This article is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Costa Rica. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Ireland. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Switzerland. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Cyprus. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-guide.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Finland. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Israel. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in South Korea. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in The Netherlands. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Norway. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in the EU. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in France. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg.

﻿A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Germany. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in the UK (England and Wales). For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Mexico. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Italy. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Argentina. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

In Cyprus, the Control of Concentrations Between Undertakings of 83(I) of 2014 (Law) is the new legislative instrument providing the substantive and procedural framework for the notification, assessment and clearance of concentrations between undertakings. Enacted in late June 2014, the Law repeals and replaces the previous merger control regime in place since 1999. Foreign-to-foreign mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures fall under its scope where the relevant thresholds are met. This article examines some of the key issues covered by the Law. This article is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Botswana. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in the Ukraine. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Australia. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Austria. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

This article outlines the UK and EU proposals to reform private enforcement. The combined effect of these changes will greatly increase the number of private actions taken in the UK against infringing companies and the size of damages awards. Underpinning this will be an overhaul of the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT) and Competition Markets Authority (CMA), which will both benefit from an enhanced jurisdiction and new powers. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

This table is part of the global guide to competition and leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. Please note that law stated dates for each jurisdiction may differ. Click on each jurisdiction to see the full answers and to check the law stated date.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in South Africa. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

China's influence on global mergers and acquisitions is steadily increasing. The introduction of the Anti-Monopoly Law on 1 August 2008 heralded a new era for merger control enforcement in the country. The article below provides an overview of merger review decisions made in China since the Anti-Monopoly Law took effect, and highlights (with case studies where relevant) some of the key issues that parties to a transaction need to consider when concluding an international deal. This article is part of the Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

This chapter offers a comparative examination of Canada's anti-cartel regime and that of the US, with a particular focus on each regime's criminal anti-cartel provisions, penalties on conviction, defences available to per se charges, exclusion for exports, private rights of action for violations of criminal anti-trust provisions, immunity/leniency programmes, and non-criminal enforcement in respect of agreements among competitors. This article is part of the PLC Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Canada. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

Since its introduction in May 2009, the Indian anti-trust regulator, the Competition Commission of India (CCI), has been fairly pro-active in its enforcement endeavours. This article provides a brief introduction to the current anti-trust regime in India and outlines the CCI's approach to handling cases under the Competition Act 2002 since its inception, particularly in relation to anti-competitive agreements, cases of abuse of dominance, penalties, and merger control. This article also provides details and a brief analysis of the new Competition Amendment Bill 2012. This article is part of the PLC Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Brazil. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in the Russian Federation. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

The editorial board of the Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide comprises senior in-house counsel and private practitioners, based in companies and law firms around the world, included for their expertise in competition/anti-trust law and practice.

Romania's competition laws and leniency programme have been in place since 2004. However, since its introduction, there has been only one confirmed case of a successful immunity application. This article attempts to analyse why the introduction of the leniency programme has failed to produce the expected results, and as such, has failed to help Romania become a more competitive market place. This article is part of the PLC Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

In the UK, the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 has made substantial amendments to the criminal cartel offence in the Enterprise Act 2002. These amendments removed the "dishonesty" element from the offence, introduced a series of circumstances preventing an agreement from amounting to a criminal cartel and introduced three substantive defences to the criminal cartel offence. This article considers: the reasons for the dishonesty element in the criminal cartel offence under the Enterprise Act; the extent to which the dishonesty element of the offence was successful in achieving its original objectives; whether reform was necessary; how the reforms sought to address the problems of the previous system; and the effect the reforms will have on the enforcement of competition law and the conduct of companies and their employees. This article is part of the PLC Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

This article examines the merger control laws of five of the former Yugoslavian countries. Despite the region's relatively small population and developing economy, it has had a disproportionate number of merger control cases (almost as many as the European Commission) due mainly to low jurisdictional thresholds. This article examines the substantive tests for merger control in the region; effect of the low merger thresholds on companies and the regional competition authorities; and the potential benefits of the higher number of merger control cases. This article also provides a case study to illustrate how the application of modern economic tests based on the EU model can fail when replicated in an underdeveloped economic environment; and whether and how the EU model could be applied or adapted to accommodate less developed markets. This article is part of the PLC Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Bulgaria. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Sweden. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in the United States. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

This table is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg. Please note this project is currently being updated so will not include all available jurisdictions in this subject area.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Indonesia. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

This chapter offers a comparative examination of Canada's anti-cartel regime and that of the US, with a particular focus on each regime's criminal anti-cartel provisions, penalties on conviction, defences available to per se charges, exclusion for exports, private rights of action for violations of criminal anti-trust provisions, immunity/leniency programmes, and non-criminal enforcement in respect of agreements among competitors. This article is part of the PLC Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

Following substantial amendments to Canada's Competition Act in 2009, the Competition Bureau has undertaken a varied programme of development and revision with a view to updating and improving its framework for merger review. This chapter considers three key aspects of the Bureau's merger modernisation initiative, undertaken throughout 2011: procedural revisions, amended substantive guidance, and renewed enforcement activity. This article is part of the PLC Competition and Cartel Leniency multi-jurisdictional guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A flowchart providing an overview of the merger control notification process. This flowchart is part of the Q&A guide to competition law in Spain. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

This chapter is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to competition. On 14 December 2010 the European Commission (Commission) published its revised Guidelines on the applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to horizontal co-operation agreements (OJ 2011 C11/01) (EU Guidelines). This chapter covers the underlying approach; Focus area A: information exchange; Focus area B: co-marketing and co-selling; other areas of interest; and key areas of convergence and divergence. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competitionhandbook.

The impact of EU state aid rules on all fields of the law and economy has become particularly apparent due to the financial crisis. State aid law plays an increasing role in the area of public services and public private partnerships (PPPs), and in such fields as tax law and environmental law. It is also used by the European Commission (Commission) to restructure entire industry sectors, in particular the European banking sector. This chapter provides a summary of the current status of EU state aid law and recent developments from September 2009 to October 2010. This chapter is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to competition. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competitionhandbook.

This article provides an overview of the Brazilian merger control process, outlines Brazilian practitioners' key criticisms of the system and examines the key merger control aspects of the competition reform bill currently pending approval by the Brazilian Congress.

Article 102 of the TFEU (formerly Article 82 of the EC Treaty) prohibits abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position within a market in the EU or a substantial part of the EU. There have been recent important developments in Article 102 enforcement, in particular, demonstrating the European Commission's (Commission) move towards an approach based more on the effect of market practices rather than their form. This resulted in the Commission issuing Guidance on the Commission's enforcement priorities in applying Article 102 to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings (Guidance), published on 3 December 2008. This article reviews recent developments in the application of Article 102 in the context of the Guidance, and goes on to consider areas not covered by the Guidance. Against this background, the article considers: Dominance. Exclusionary abuses: general framework of the Guidance. Status of the Guidance. Exclusive dealing and rebates (Intel). Tying and bundling. Predation (France Télécom). Refusal to supply and margin squeeze. Areas not covered by the Guidance: For example: discrimination (Clearstream); exploitative abuses: DSD and patent licensing cases; other abuses: EC pharmaceutical inquiry. Remedies.

This article discusses the possibility that, if an OS solution or platform has considerable market power or is a de facto standard in a relevant market, the OS licence's terms (requiring redistribution free of charge) and/or the GPL's Copyleft provisions might be found to be exclusionary or unfair to a non-OS operator who is an intellectual property (IP) right holder. The article focuses specifically on the arguments surrounding unfair and/or exclusionary terms of access to a market, by looking at the way in which this issue has previously been assessed in the context of standard setting.

This article reviews Canada's new regime, in comparison to the cartel regimes of the UK, the US and Australia, including: Conduct subject to criminal penalties. Penalties for criminal cartel activity. Criminal versus civil prohibitions. Possible defences and exemptions to criminal prosecution. Reducing exposure to criminal penalties.

In June 2005, the European Commission (Commission) launched a comprehensive reform of state aid rules and procedures in the State Aid Action Plan (SAAP). The Commission's aim was to ensure that the EC Treaty's state aid rules were better suited to encouraging member states to contribute to the Lisbon Strategy. Following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009, the state aid rules are now set out in Articles 107 and 108 of the TFEU. This article discusses: The legal framework applying to EU state aid control. Proposed legislative reforms. Commission state aid policy in response to the global financial crisis and in other areas.

Anti-cartel enforcement has been the subject of increased focus in recent years. This has led to the development of stricter systems and tougher penalties. This chapter examines aspects of the criminal provisions relating to cartel conduct in Canada, the US, the UK and Australia, including criminal penalties, types of cartel conduct, possible defences, corporate exposure to criminal prosecution and methods of reducing this exposure.

This chapter considers the main instruments used for implementation of the merger control regime in the EU, and includes an overview of non-horizontal merger guidelines, recent significant European Commission decisions, recent judgments of the Court of First Instance and the European Court of Justice, and the future of merger proceedings.

Leniency programmes represent a key development in competition law enforcement both for competition authorities and undertakings. This chapter looks at the history, recent developments and future considerations for leniency programmes worldwide. It also sets out the key features of a successful leniency programme and the problems faced by potential leniency applicants.

Anti-trust planning is a central part of every transaction and public takeover bids are no exception. This chapter focuses on how US anti-trust rules impact on mergers and acquisitions, pointing out (where applicable) any differences which apply when the contemplated transaction is a public bid.

This chapter considers recent developments in cartel prosecution in the US and the EU, including attempts to deter cartels, the current status of leniency programmes and developments in the area of private anti-trust litigation.

On 19 February 2016, the European Council and the British Prime Minister, David Cameron, reached an agreement on a set of arrangements, which are compatible with the Treaties, but will change the relationship between the EU and the UK.

On 31 March 2011, Christine Varney, Assistant Attorney General in charge of the US Department of Justice's Antitrust Division (DOJ) and Jon Leibowitz, Chairman of the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), together with Felipe Irarrazabal, Chile's National Economic Prosecutor signed an Agreement on Antitrust Cooperation between the US and Chilean antitrust agencies. The agreement will enable the antitrust agencies in the US and Chile to improve their law enforcement relationship, providing for co-operation and co-ordination, conflict avoidance and confidentiality between the two countries.

On 15 February 2010, Christine A. Varney, Assistant Attorney General of the Department of Justice (DOJ) Antitrust Division, gave a speech at the Institute of Competition Law New Frontiers of Antitrust Conference in Paris, France. Varney's speech focused on the need for antitrust agencies around the world to work together to review international mergers and assess effective remedies.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in the UK (England and Wales). The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in South Africa. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Jamaica. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Jamaica. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Jamaica, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Jamaica: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Jamaica. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Jamaica. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Jamaica, visit, Merger control in Jamaica: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in France. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Switzerland. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Switzerland, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Switzerland: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Switzerland. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Switzerland, visit Merger control in Switzerland: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in China. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in the EU. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Mexico. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Ukraine. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in China. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in China. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in China, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in China: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Romania. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Romania. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Romania, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Romania: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Ukraine. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Ukraine. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Ukraine, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Ukraine: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in the United States. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in the United States. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the United States, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in the United States: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in China. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in China. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in China, visit Merger control in China: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Romania. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Romania. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Romania, visit Merger control in Romania: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Ukraine. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Ukraine. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Ukraine, visit Merger control in Ukraine: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in the United States. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the United States. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in the United States, visit Merger control in the United States: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in India. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in India. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in India, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in India: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in India. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in India. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in India, visit Merger control in India: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Colombia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Greece. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable laws and guidance, and the regulatory authorities in Greece. In particular, it covers the scope of application, availability of immunity from civil and criminal liability, application procedural rules, circumstances when leniency can be withdrawn, scope of leniency protection, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel Leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Hong Kong. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Iceland. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Japan. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Slovenia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable laws and guidance, and the regulatory authorities in Slovenia. In particular, it covers the scope of application, availability of immunity from civil and criminal liability, application procedural rules, circumstances when leniency can be withdrawn, scope of leniency protection, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel Leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in The Netherlands. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Turkey. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Costa Rica. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Costa Rica. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Costa Rica, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Costa Rica: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Cyprus. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Cyprus. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Cyprus, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Cyprus: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Finland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Finland. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Finland, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Finland: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Greece. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Greece. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Greece, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Greece: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Hong Kong. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Hong Kong. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Hong Kong, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Hong Kong: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Iceland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Iceland. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Iceland, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Iceland: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Ireland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Ireland. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Ireland, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Ireland: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Japan. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Japan. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Japan, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Japan: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in South Africa. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in South Africa. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in South Africa, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in South Africa: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in The Netherlands. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in The Netherlands. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in The Netherlands, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in The Netherlands: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Turkey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Turkey. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Turkey, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Turkey: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in the UK (England and Wales). The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in the UK (England and Wales). It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the UK (England and Wales), visit Restraints of trade and dominance in UK (England and Wales): overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Costa Rica. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Costa Rica. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Costa Rica, visit Merger control in Costa Rica: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Cyprus. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Cyprus. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Cyprus, visit Merger control in Cyprus: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Finland. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Finland. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Finland, visit Merger control in Finland: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Greece. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Greece. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Greece, visit Merger control in Greece: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Iceland. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Iceland. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Iceland, visit Merger control in Iceland: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Ireland. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Ireland. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Ireland, visit Merger control in Ireland: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Japan. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Japan. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Japan, visit Merger control in Japan: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in South Africa. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in South Africa. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in South Africa, visit Merger control in South Africa: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Turkey. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Turkey. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Turkey, visit Merger control in Turkey: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in The Netherlands. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in The Netherlands. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in The Netherlands, visit, Merger control in The Netherlands: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in the UK (England and Wales). The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the UK (England and Wales). In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in the UK (England and Wales), visit Merger control in UK (England and Wales): overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Germany. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Germany. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Germany. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Germany, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Germany: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Brazil. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Brazil. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Brazil, visit, Merger control in Brazil: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Germany. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Germany. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Germany, visit Merger control in Germany: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Australia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Hong Kong. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Hong Kong. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Hong Kong, visit Merger control in Hong Kong: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Mexico. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the EU. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Mexico, visit Merger control in Mexico: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in the Russian Federation. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Indonesia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, whether immunity from civil fines is available for individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Italy. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable laws and guidance, and the regulatory authorities in Italy. In particular, it covers the scope of application, availability of immunity from civil and criminal liability, application procedural rules, circumstances when leniency can be withdrawn, scope of leniency protection, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel Leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Indonesia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Indonesia. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Indonesia, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Indonesia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Italy. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Italy. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Italy, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Italy: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Indonesia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Indonesia. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Indonesia, visit Merger control in Indonesia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Italy. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Italy. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Italy, visit, Merger control in Italy: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Brazil. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Argentina. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Argentina. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Argentina. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Argentina, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Argentina: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Canada. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Canada. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Canada, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Canada: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Argentina. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Argentina. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Argentina, visit Merger control in Argentina: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Canada. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Canada. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Canada, visit Merger control in Canada: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Canada. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Singapore. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Croatia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Croatia. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Croatia, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Croatia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Serbia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Serbia. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Serbia, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Serbia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Slovenia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Slovenia. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Slovenia, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Slovenia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Croatia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Croatia. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Croatia, visit, Merger control in Croatia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Serbia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Serbia. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Serbia, visit, Merger control in Serbia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Slovenia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Slovenia. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Slovenia, visit, Merger control in Slovenia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Ireland. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in South Korea. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in South Korea. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in South Korea, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in South Korea: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in South Korea. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in South Korea. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in South Korea, visit Merger control in South Korea: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in South Korea. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Israel. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Israel. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Israel, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Israel: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Israel. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Israel. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Israel, visit, Merger control in Israel: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Norway. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Norway. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Norway, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Norway: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Norway. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Norway. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Germany, visit Merger control in Norway: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Botswana. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Botswana. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Botswana, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Botswana: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Brazil. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Brazil. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Brazil, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Brazil: overview. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in France. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in France. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in France, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in France: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in the EU. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in the EU. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the EU, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in the EU: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in France. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in France. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in France, visit Merger control in France: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in the EU. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the EU. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in the EU, visit Merger control in the EU: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Australia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Australia. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Australia, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Australia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Mexico. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Mexico. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Mexico, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Mexico: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Australia. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Australia. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Australia, visit Merger control in Australia: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in the United States. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide and www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Austria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Austria. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Austria, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Austria: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Austria. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Austria. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Austria, visit Merger control in Austria: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Botswana. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Botswana. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Botswana, visit Merger control in Botswana: overview. This Q&A is part of the global guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-guide. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-guide.

A Q&A guide to public procurement law in UK (England and Wales). The country-specific Q&A gives a high level overview of applicable legislation, recent trends, use of the four EU procurement procedures, review procedures, remedies, transparency, contracts outside the scope of Consolidated Public Service Directive and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Public Procurement Country Q&A tool and EU Public Procurement Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to public procurement. For a full list of jurisdictional Public Procurement Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/publicprocurement-mjg.

Search the Country Q&A in the Cartel Leniency Global Guide by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction.

A Q&A guide to merger control in the Russian Federation. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in the Russian Federation. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the Russian Federation, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Russian Federation: overview. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in the Russian Federation. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in the Russian Federation. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Russian Federation, visit Merger control in Russian Federation: overview.This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Norway. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel Leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A Q&A guide to competition law in Australia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures. In particular, it covers relevant triggering events and thresholds, notification requirements, procedures and timetables, third party claims, exclusions and exemptions, penalties for breach, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Competition law Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to competition law in Cyprus. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures. In particular, it covers relevant triggering events and thresholds, notification requirements, procedures and timetables, third party claims, exclusions and exemptions, penalties for breach, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Competition law Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to competition law in the EU. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures. In particular, it covers relevant triggering events and thresholds, notification requirements, procedures and timetables, third party claims, exclusions and exemptions, penalties for breach, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Competition Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to competition law in South Korea. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures. In particular, it covers relevant triggering events and thresholds, notification requirements, procedures and timetables, third party claims, exclusions and exemptions, penalties for breach, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Competition Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to competition law in Ukraine. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures. In particular, it covers relevant triggering events and thresholds, notification requirements, procedures and timetables, third party claims, exclusions and exemptions, penalties for breach, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Competition law Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Bulgaria. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Bulgaria. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Bulgaria, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Bulgaria: overview. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Sweden. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Sweden. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Sweden, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Sweden: overview. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Bulgaria. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Bulgaria. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Bulgaria, visit Merger control in Bulgaria: overview.This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Sweden. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Sweden. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Sweden, visit Merger control in Sweden: overview. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

Search the EU Country Q&A in the Public Procurement Multi-jurisdictional Guide by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction.

Search the Country Q&A in the Public Procurement Multi-jurisdictional Guide by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Austria. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A Q&A guide to cartel leniency law in Spain. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities. In particular, it covers the conditions to be satisfied, the method of making an application, availability of immunity from civil fines to individuals, the scope of leniency, circumstances when leniency may be withdrawn, leniency plus, confidentiality and disclosure, and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the Cartel leniency Country Q&A tool. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Competition Q&As, which provide a high level overview of merger control, restrictive agreements and practices, monopolies and abuse of market power, and joint ventures in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/competition-mjg.

A Q&A guide to merger control in Spain. The Q&A gives a high level overview of merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Spain. It also covers notification requirements, procedures and timetables, publicity and confidentiality, third party rights, substantive test, remedies, penalties, appeals, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Spain, visit Restraints of trade and dominance in Spain: overview. This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

A Q&A guide to restraints of trade and dominance in Spain. The Q&A gives a succinct overview of restraints of trade, monopolies and abuses of market power in Spain. In particular, it covers the regulatory authorities and the regulatory framework, the scope of rules, exemptions, exclusions, statutes of limitation, notification, investigations, penalties and enforcement, third party damages claims, EU law, joint ventures and proposals for reform. For information on merger control, regulatory framework and regulatory authorities, relevant triggering events and thresholds in Spain, visit Merger control in Spain: overview.This Q&A is part of the multi-jurisdictional guide to competition and cartel leniency. For a full list of jurisdictional Restraints of Trade and Dominance Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/restraintsoftrade-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Merger Control Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/mergercontrol-mjg. For a full list of jurisdictional Cartel Leniency Q&As, which provide a succinct overview of leniency and immunity, the applicable procedure and the regulatory authorities in multiple jurisdictions, visit www.practicallaw.com/leniency-mjg.

Search the Country Q&A in the Competition Global Guide: Merger Control section by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction.

Search the Country Q&A in the Competition Global Guide: Restraints of Trade and Dominance section by question and jurisdiction. Step 1: Check the boxes to select the questions and the jurisdictions for comparison. Step 2: Click the "submit" button. Step 3: Scroll down to view answers and check law stated dates for each jurisdiction.