Somalie wis never formally colonized. Muhammad Abdullah Hassan's Dervish State successfully repulsed the Breetish Empire fower times an forced it tae retreat tae the coastal region. Due tae thir successfu expeditions, the Dervish State wis recognised as an ally bi the Ottoman an German Empires. The Turks an aa named Hassan Emir o the Somali naition, an the Germans promised tae offeecially recognise ony territories the Dervishes wur tae acquire. Efter a quarter o a century o haudin the Breetish at bay, the Dervishes war finally defeatit in 1920 as a direct consequence o Breetain's new policy o aerial bombardment. As a result o this bombardment, umwhile Dervish territories war turned intae a protectorate o Breetain. Italy faced seemilar opposition frae Somali Sultans an armies, an did nae acquire full control o pairts o modren Somalie til the Fascist era in late 1927. This occupation lasted til 1941, an wis replaced bi a Breetishmilitar admeenistration. Northren Somalie wad remain a protectorate, while soothren Somalie became a trusteeship. The Union o the twa regions in 1960 formed the Somali Republic. A civilian govrenment wis formed, an on 20 Julie 1961, throuch a popular referendum, a new constitution that haed first been drafted the year afore wis ratified.