From abstract: "In France, espionage might be considered a negative myth, a reluctance to discuss the topic can be traced back ... to the Ancien Régime.... [A]fter the French Revolution, disdain for the spy-business developed into a predominant theme in society.... The negative French sentiments ... culminated in the Dreyfus affaire (1894-1906) which, in turn, did not result in an open discussion of intelligence.... Charles de Gaulle ... might be regarded an antithesis to the spy-enthusiast Winston Churchill.... Even after the end of the Cold War..., a pronounced reluctance to talk about intelligence persists. Contemporary authors of popular fiction ... keep a certain distance from espionage, their protagonists are either not French or carry names that are not French; a glorious French spy hero has yet to make his appearance."

"The Echelon system was developed in the 1970's. It links computers in at least seven sites around the world to receive, analyze and sort information captured from satellite communications, newly declassified information shows. The computers watch and listen for key words in telephone, fax and Internet communications and route intercepted messages on a topic requested by a country."

[NSA/Echelon/00]

Becker,
Elizabeth. "They're Unmanned, They Fly Low, and They Get the Picture."
New York Times, 3 Jun. 1999. [http://www.nytimes.com]

"[L]ight unmanned aerial vehicles known as drones are crisscrossing the skies over Kosovo, acting as electronic scouts, finding and filming elusive targets, especially Serbian troops hidden in bunkers or woods, and sending those images immediately to fighter jets overhead.... The United States Army Hunter surveillance plane flies from the Skopje [Macedonia] airfield. The more sophisticated unmanned Air Force Predator is based in Bosnia, at Tuzla, according to NATO and Pentagon officials."

On 7 October 1999, JCS Chairman Gen. Henry Shelton announced the establishment of "a new center ... to defend the United States from hackers and to plot ways to attack an enemy's computer network.... The cyberwarfare center will take over what is now a scattered series of operations and will have headquarters in Colorado Springs under Gen. Richard Myers of the Air Force."

"In general, US open source publications provide the Soviets with certain types of military intelligence and other valuable scientific and technical information, while Soviet publications provide the US with a reliable index to the over-all development of the Soviet system and a multiplicity of facts about its current status."