gismu rafsi: gid gi'a x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event). A guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated. See also jitro, ralju, sazri, tebende, jatna, fukpi, morna.

obsolete fu'ivla x1 (notion) is Absurd/is characterized by an Absurd nature in aspect x2, belonging to school of philosophy/type of Absurdism x3, according to standards/methodology/classification/claim x4flese is an experimental gismu and the short rafsi -les- is not officially assigned. For the term "Absurdism" itself, consider: te lesrxapsurdie. The Absurd in this case is that associated with, for example, Albert Camus and other philosophers.

gismu rafsi: mix xre x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2. x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places). See also salta, terunta, stasu, jicla, sanso.

lujvo x1 contrasts-with/is-distinguished-from/is-set-apart-from x2 in property/aspect x3 Things are parallel, analogous or equivalent in some property when they share that property, not when they differ in it, so the tepanra has to be the property which they share and makes them parallel. When the focus is on a property that they don't share, the things are said to contrast in that property, they are not parallel in it. See also panra.

fu'ivla x1 is the ISO designation/result/standard/code for topic x2 applied to specific case/individual/group/thing x3 according to rule/ISO specification x4 published by/according to mandating organization x5 (default: ISO) Theoretically, the standard organization/body could be other than ISO, but it should be prominent and/or international (and internationally recognized) in scope and nature; in such a case, replace each occurrence of "ISO" in the definition with the appropriate name/designation/title (of the organization, etc.). x1 need not be a name-designation/code (it could be the result of any rule), although it likely will commonly be so. Examples of possible x2-filling sumti: code-designations for language, country, currency, etc.. For an entity with a given code, use {te javniso} or {te se javniso} (specifying the type of entity being designated by use of the appropriate terbri j2); for a given ISO rule, consider {ve javniso}; for the organization ISO, consider {xe javniso}. See also: linga, landa, rucni, jvinjiata, jvinjica'o. This word is the fu'ivla version of: jviso; equivalent to jvaiso (for slightly abbreviated form that preserves some pronunciations of "ISO").

fu'ivla x1 is the ISO designation/result/standard/code for topic x2 applied to specific case/individual/group/thing x3 according to rule/ISO specification x4 published by/according to mandating organization x5 (default: ISO) Theoretically, the standard organization/body could be other than ISO, but it should be prominent and/or international (and internationally recognized) in scope and nature; in such a case, replace each occurrence of "ISO" in the definition with the appropriate name/designation/title (of the organization, etc.). x1 need not be a name-designation/code (it could be the result of any rule), although it likely will commonly be so. Examples of possible x2-filling sumti: code-designations for language, country, currency, etc.. For an entity with a given code, use {te jvaiso} or {te se jvaiso} (specifying the type of entity being designated by use of the appropriate terbri j2); for a given ISO rule, consider {ve jvaiso}; for the organization ISO, consider {xe jvaiso}. See also: linga, landa, rucni, jvinjiata, jvinjica'o. This word is the fu'ivla version of: jviso; equivalent to javniso.

obsolete fu'ivla x1 is the IATA (International Air Transport Association) designation/result/standard/code for general subject type x2 (contextless default probably: airports) applied to specific case/entity/procedure/group/hub/terminus/location x3 according to rule/IATA specification/publication x4 published by/according to mandating organization x5 (default: IATA) x1 need not be a name-designation/code (it could be the result of any rule), although it likely will commonly be so. Possible examples of x2-filling sumti include: the code designated to name certain (international) airports, codeshared railway stations, and separate Amtrak (railway) stations, etc.. x3 is probably outlined by IATA Resolution 763, but the exact publication of the IATA Airline Coding Directory could also be specified. For an airport (generalized)/hub that has such a specification, use {te jvinjiata} or {te se jvinjiata} (using the appropriate terbri for specifying the type of hub: tebri j2); for IATA, consider using {xe jvinjiata}. See also: jviso, jvinjica'o.

lujvo x1=j2=p3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) is the minor difference in/between x2=p2 and x3=p1 that is to be ignored, their similarity being by standard/in geometry x4; x2 is the same as/similar to/parallels x3 in standard/geometry x4 up to/modulo/except for/ignoring unimportant difference x1; x1 is not the focus of the main consideration concerning the similarity between x2 and x3; x2 belongs to/is an element of the same equivalence class as x3, which depends on x4 in some way and which ignores the property x1. For example, tetrominoes "L" and "7" are similar up to the unimportant property of 90-degree rotation; thus: loka carna keiku ly terpanryziltolju'i zebu loka mapti. x2 and x3 are symmetric; while with panra, x1 (which is x3 in terpanryziltolju'i) is possibly of importance/focus/attention, for terpanryziltolju'i, x2 is. Additionally, lo panra and lo se panra are identical, therefore conversion under te does not affect the x2 and x3 positions of panra, so the overall structure does not need to have undergone an additional conversion. See: panra, klesi, panrykle, panryzilbri

experimental cmavo selbri conversion question Asks for the SE word that is intended (or at least makes the sentence true). Subscript a set of numbers that represent the order of terbri in question; the subscripted set can be a set of ordered or unordered tuples, specifying exactly which terbri may be exchanged. 'la .ralf. se'u'o xi li re ce li ci pi'u li re cebo li ci klama by boi cy' = 'Did Ralph come to B from C or to C from B?' (notably, 'Did B come to Ralph from C?' is not a possible option for answering the question). An answer is a SE string that is allowed by the selbri and by the subscripts; continuing the example, if the response is 'Ralph went to C from B', one would respond with '.i setese'. Any SE word works for the general question possibility (which is the unrestricted/non-subscripted case). Essentially 'se'u'o xi sy' is equivalent to 'se xi li xo poi ke'a cmima sy' (where 'te' is basically understood as ' se xi li jo'i pa boi ci te'u ', etc.), but the answer can be a complicated ordered sequence/string of SE words; this word complements specifically fi'a in the typical/same way that SE complements FA. Typically, leaving the subscripted set vague or not completely free of every possible semantic or syntactic pathology is perfectly fine; syntax and practicality will typically restrict it enough for reasonable responses to be made. See also: re'au'e (which alone would be used in answering that 'Ralph goes to B from C' in the previous question).

fu'ivla x1 is an eigenvalue (or zero) of linear transformation/square matrix x2, associated with/'owning' all vectors in generalized eigenspace x3 (implies neither nondegeneracy nor degeneracy; default includes the zero vector) with 'eigenspace-generalization' power/exponent x4 (typically and probably by cultural default will be 1), with algebraic multiplicity (of eigenvalue) x5 For any eigenvector v in generalized eigenspace x3 of linear transformation x2 for eigenvalue x1, where I is the identity matrix/transformation that works/makes sense in the context, the following equation is satisfied: ((x2 - x1 I)^x4)v = 0. When the argument of x4 is 1, the generalized eigenspace x3 is simply a strict/simple/basic eigenspace; this is the typical (and probable cultural default) meaning of this word. x4 will typically be restricted to integer values k > 0. x2 should always be specified (at least implicitly by context), for an eigenvalue does not mean much without the linear transformation being known. However, since one usually knows the said linear transformation, and since the basic underlying relationship of this word is "eigen-ness", the eigenvalue is given the primary terbri (x1). When filling x3 and/or x4, x2 and x1 (in that order of importance) should already be (at least contextually implicitly) specified. x3 is the set of all eigenvectors of linear transformation x2, endowed with all of the typical operations of the vector space at hand. The default includes the zero vector (else the x3 eigenspace is not actually a vector space); normally in the context of mathematics, the zero vector is not considered to be an eigenvector, but by this definition it is included. Thus, a Lojban mathematician would consider the zero vector to be an (automatic) eigenvector of the given (in fact, any) linear transformation (particularly ones represented by a square matrix in a given basis). This is the logically most basic definition, but is contrary to typical mathematical culture. This word implies neither nondegeneracy nor degeneracy of eigenspace x3. In other words there may or may not be more than one linearly independent vector in the eigenspace x3 for a given eigenvalue x1 of linear transformation x2. x3 is the unique generalized eigenspace of x2 for given values of x1 and x4. x1 is not necessarily the unique eigenvalue of linear transformation x2, nor is its multiplicity necessarily 1 for the same. Beware when converting the terbri structure of this word. In fact, the set of all eigenvalues for a given linear transformation x2 will include scalar zero (0); therefore, any linear transformation with a nontrivial set of eigenvalues will have at least two eigenvalues that may fill in terbri x1 of this word. The 'eigenvalue' of zero for a proper/nice linear transformation will produce an 'eigenspace' that is equivalent to the entire vector space at hand. If x3 is specified by a set of vectors, the span of that set should fully yield the entire eigenspace of the linear transformation x2 associated with eigenvalue x1, however the set may be redundant (linearly dependent); the zero vector is automatically included in any vector space. A multidimensional eigenspace (that is to say a vector space of eigenvectors with dimension strictly greater than 1) for fixed eigenvalue and linear transformation (and generalization exponent) is degenerate by definition. The algebraic multiplicity x5 of the eigenvalue does not entail degeneracy (of eigenspace) if greater than 1; it is the integer number of occurrences of a given eigenvalue x1 in the multiset of eigenvalues (spectrum) of the given linear transformation/square matrix x2. In other words, the characteristic polynomial can be factored into linear polynomial primes (with root x1) which are exponentiated to the power x5 (the multiplicity; notably, not x4). For x4 > x5, the eigenspace is trivial. x2 may not be diagonalizable. The scalar zero (0) is a naturally permissible argument of x1 (unlike some cultural mathematical definitions in English). Eigenspaces retain the operations and properties endowing the vectorspaces to which they belong (as subspaces). Thus, an eigenspace is more than a set of objects: it is a set of vectors such that that set is endowed with vectorspace operators and properties. Thus klesi alone is insufficient. But the set underlying eigenspace x3 is a type of klesi, with the property of being closed under linear transformation x2 (up to scalar multiplication). The vector space and basis being used are not specified by this word. Use this word as a seltau in constructions such as "eigenket", "eigenstate", etc. (In such cases, teaigne is recommended for the typical English usages of such terms. Use zei in lujvo formed by these constructs. The term "eigenvector" may be rendered as cmimabeleteaigne). See also gei'ai, klesi, daigno