Russia has laws that allow for the confiscation of proceeds of drug trafficking, drug money laundering, and other offenses. Provisions also exist which enable for tracing, freezing, and seizing of these criminal proceeds. As long as a case of this nature is opened and goes to trial, legal provisions are available for seizure of criminally derived assets connected to the offense. Russian laws also permit banking authorities and offshore banking authorities to share information with law enforcement authorities. The Russian government may share account transaction and other customer information with foreign law enforcement authorities

Russia has signed and ratified the 1988 Vienna Convention. Russia became a member of the Council of Europe in 1996. Russia's proposed anti-money laundering law is patterned after provisions in the Strasbourg Convention. Russia also recognizes all treaties and international conventions signed by the Soviet Union. This includes Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) signed with current and former socialist countries and members of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Intergovernmental agreements which may be applicable to money laundering offenses have been signed with Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Finland, Sweden, and the United States. Russia has intergovernmental agreement proposals with Germany, Norway, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary. Some of these intergovernmental agreements may be applicable for civil offenses only, and, when applicable for criminal purposes, the information exchanged is for operational purposes only.

There is no maximum limit on the import or export of monetary instruments. Reporting of these instruments takes place at the border if they are physically carried into the country. Under current Russian laws, monetary instruments used as a means of committing criminal activities or received as the proceeds of criminal acts can be seized and their existence reported to foreign authorities. No provisions exist for extradition in money laundering cases with other countries, since money laundering itself is not a crime.

Under the proposed anti-money laundering legislation, banks and businesses will be required to report any non-cash transaction to the tax authorities. Transaction reports involving monetary instruments will be forwarded to the proper law enforcement and regulatory agencies, entered into a searchable database, and made available to foreign law enforcement authorities through applicable agreements and restrictions.

The proposed legislation contains an article recognizing judgement handed down in foreign countries for the purpose of establishing liability for money laundering. The foreign confiscation order may be executed in the Russian Federation, and all or part of such money may be transferred to the country in which its confiscation was ordered, in accordance with the principle of reciprocity and under bilateral agreements.

1. Can all the signed agreements be applied both to civil and criminal cases?

2. Does extradiction take place in money laundering cases?

3. Is the confiscated money transferred to the country in which its confiscation was ordered?

A star, a mountain, a tree, a waiter, the queen, a man, a woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, a city, a boy, a goose, a watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, a sheep, a tooth, a child, an ox, a deer, a life, a tomato, this man, that match, this tea-cup, this egg, that wall, that picture, this foot, that mountain, this lady, that window, this knife.

1. A new house is in our street. 2. This story is very interesting. 3. There was a woman, a man, a boy and a girl in the room. 4. In the farm-yard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow and a goose. 5. Put this knife on that table. 6. Why don't you eat this potato? 7. This strawberry is still green. 8. A yellow leaf has fallen to the ground. 9. Can you see a bird in that tree? 10. Does your tooth still ache?

Almost everything we do is governed by some set of rules. There are rules for games, for social clubs, for sports and for adults in the workplace. There are also rules imposed by morality and custom that play an important role in telling us what we should and should not do. However, some rules -- those made by the state or the courts -- are called "laws". Laws resemble morality because they are designed to control or alter our behavior. But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a law -- whether you like that law or not -- you may be forced to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison.are some rules so special that they are made into laws? Why do we need rules that everyone must obey? In short, what is the purpose of law?we did not live in a structured society with other people, laws would not be necessary. We would simply do as we please, with little regard for others. But ever since individuals began to associate with other people -- to live in society --laws have been the glue that has kept society together. For example, the law in our country states that we must drive our cars on the right-hand side of a two-way street. If people were allowed to choose at random which side of the street to drive on, driving would be dangerous and chaotic. Laws regulating our business affairs help to ensure that people keep their promises. Laws against criminal conduct help to safeguard our personal property and our lives.in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. If two people claim to own the same piece of property, we do not want the matter settled by a duel: we turn to the law and to institutions like the courts to decide who is the real owner and to make sure that the real owner's rights are respected.need law, then, to ensure a safe and peaceful society in which individuals' rights are respected. But we expect even more from our law. Some totalitarian governments have cruel and arbitrary laws, enforced by police forces free to arrest and punish people without trial. Strong-arm tactics may provide a great deal of order, but we reject this form of control. The legal system should respect individual rights while, at the same time, ensuring that society operates in an orderly manner. And society should believe in the Rule of Law, which means that the law applies to every person, including members of the police and other public officials, who must carry out their public duties in accordance with the law.our society, laws are not only designed to govern our conduct: they are also intended to give effect to social policies. For example, some laws provide for benefits when workers are injured on the job, for health care, as well as for loans to students who otherwise might not be able to go to university.goal of the law is fairness. This means that the law should recognize and protect certain basic individual rights and freedoms, such as liberty and equality. The law also serves to ensure that strong groups and individuals do not use their powerful positions in society to take unfair advantage of weaker individuals., despite the best intentions, laws are sometimes created that people later recognize as being unjust or unfair. In a democratic society, laws are not carved in stone, but must reflect the changing needs of society. In a democracy, anyone who feels that a particular law is flawed has the right to speak out publicly and to seek to change the law by lawful means.

1. Put the box on the shelf. 2. I have hurt my foot. 3. This is an English dictionary. 4. Where is the knife? 5. This story is very long. 8. The speech was very interesting. 9. He left the key on the table. 10. Where is the brush? 11. I like his new play. 12. The roof of the house was covered with snow. 13. The wife of the sailor came to the shore. 14. A copy of the contract was sent to Leningrad. 15. The cargo of the steamer consists of different raw materials.

1. Mount Everest is (high) mountain in the world. 2. Sherlock Holmes was (good) detective in London. 3. Go and pick an apple from (near) tree. 4. Tokyo is (big) city in the world. 5. Rebecca is (nice) than Jane. 6. Mrs. Brown is (tall) than Mrs. Taylor. 7. I think English is (easy) than French. 8. John is (bad) skier in the school. 9. This is {funny) joke I know. 10. Cindy is (clever) girl in the class.

The party bringing the suit is called theplaintiff; the party being sued is called thedefendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case.Civil Cases. Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done. For example, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to fix a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they feel is responsible for the injury.

The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. The next paper filed is usually theanswer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case acounterclaimwill be filed along with the answer.

It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant. In each civil case the judge tells the jury the extent to which the plaintiff must prove the case. This is called plaintiff’sburden of proof, a burden is to prove the case by apreponderance of evidence, that is, that the plaintiffs version on what hap­pened in the case is more probably true than not true.

Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only ten jurors need to agree upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors: live must agree if there are six jurors.

Criminal cases. A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person or persons accused of having committed a crime. The state, city, or county is called theplaintiff; the accused person is called thedefendant. The charge against the defendant is called aninformation or acomplaint. The defendant has pleaded not guilty and should presume the defendant's innocence throughout the entire trial unless the plaintiff proves the defendant guilty. The plaintiff’s burden of proof is greater in criminal case than in a civil case. In each criminal case you hear the judge will tell you all the elements of the crime that the plaintiff must prove; the plaintiff must prove each of these elementsbeyond reasonable doubt before the defendant can be found guilty. In criminal cases the jury's verdict must be unanimous, that is, all jurors must agree that the defendant is guilty in order to overcome the presumption of innocence.

1. The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant.

2. It is up to the jury to prove the case against the defendant.

3. The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated.

1. Put the box on the shelf. 2. I have hurt my foot. 3. This is an English dictionary. 4. Where is the knife? 5. This story is very long. 8. The speech was very interesting. 9. He left the key on the table. 10. Where is the brush? 11. I like his new play. 12. The roof of the house was covered with snow. 13. The wife of the sailor came to the shore. 14. A copy of the contract was sent to Leningrad. 15. The cargo of the steamer consists of different raw materials.