Authoritarian theoryAuthoritarian theory describe that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication (information or news). The press is an instrument to enhance the ruler’s power in the country rather than any threats. The authorities have all rights to permit any media and control it by providing license to the media and make certain censorship. If any media violate the government policies against license, then the authority has all right to cancel the license and revoke it. The government have all right to restrict any sensitive issues from press to maintain peace and security in the nation. Censorship:

Censorship is a suppression of any communication which may consider as harmful to the people, King, government and its nation. Especially these censorship methods are much familiar in press which against the freedom of speech and freedom of expression. In some other cases, the censorship helps to protect the rulers and authorities from sensitive issues. There are different types of censors like

For right Nikolai Yezhov, standing near Stalin was removed from this photograph after he shot dead in 1940. These types of censors are common during Stalin’s reign. * Here, Journalist or any media persons should not have any rights to comment, discriminate or stand against the government. Sometimes, an authority gives considerable freedom to minority thoughts and cultural issues to promote them if it doesn’t make any threats to authority or ruler. * King – King is the authority, who has all rights to control the communication and no one can question against the king. “The French king Louis XIV was concentrated...

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Required:
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Introduction
Accounting is a subject that is guided with principles and regulations. Thus, it is often regarded as a rigid, rigorous, and highly analytical discipline with very precise interpretations. However, this is far from the truth. For instance, two organizations that are otherwise homogeneous can apply different valuation methods giving entirely distinct but equally correct answers. One may argue that a choice between accounting schemes is merely an “accounting construct” the sorts of “games” accountants play that are exclusively of relevance to them but have no pertinent in the “real world.” Once again this is entirely false. For example, valuation of inventory using either LIFO (Last-in-last-out) or FIFO (First-in-first-out) has an impact on income tax,...

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Personal Theory
Deana Micheal
Theories and Practice: Human Services in Criminal Justice CJHS/400
October 20, 2014
Tracey Newman
Personal Theory
Throughout my experience my current course, Theories and Practices: Human Services in Criminal Justice, I have learned plenty of information about the various theories of psychotherapy in counseling. Some of these theories operate on the basis of recognizing errors in thinking and correcting those errors. Other theories operate on the basis of multiculturalism and the fact that all clients are unique and deserve to be treated as such. As a result of learning from my readings and of my discussions with class mates, I was able to create my own intervention theory for counseling.
Explanation of Theory and why I believe in it
Any student in a human service course should be able to develop his or her own intervention theory by the time the course ends. My personal theory will involve both cognitive and multicultural approaches to therapy. Cognitive approaches to therapy operate on the assumption that by correcting the clients’ faulty beliefs, they can learn to behave more appropriately, how to think differently, and how to act on these learnings (Jones-Smith, 2012). On the other hand, Multicultural approaches to therapy suggest that counseling theories...

...﻿Expectancy Violation Theory
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Theories and Hypotheses: The Differences and Similarities
Abstract
This paper is an examination of theories and hypotheses, their differences and similarities. The four major types of theories studied are Deductive, Inductive, Grounded and Axiomatic. Each type of theories is introduced and explained. Additionally, a hypothesis is defined in relation to a theory, and the key differences between the two explained. The variables which exist between the theories and the hypotheses is also explored.
Theories and Hypotheses: The Differences and Similarities
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...Abstract
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...IV: Theories in Scientific Research
Theories- are explanations of natural or social behaviour, event or phenomenon.
Scientific Theory- is a system of constructs (concepts) and propositions (relationship between those constructs). It presents a logical, systematic and coherent explanations of a phenomenon of interest.
Theories should explain why things happen rather than describe or predict. Prediction requires “correlations” while Explanations require “causations” or understanding the cause and effect.
Three conditions of establishing “causations”
1. Correlation between two constructs
2. Temporal precedence ( the cause must precede the effect in time)
3. Rejection of alternative hypothesis through testing.
Two types of Explanations
1. Idiographic Explanations- are those that explain a single situation or event in idiosyncratic detail.
2. Nomothetic Explanations- seek to explain a class of situations in general.
Benefits of using theories in research
1. Theories provide the underlying logic of the occurrence of natural or social phenomena by explaining what are the key drivers and outcomes of the target phenomena.
2. Helping us synthesize prior empirical findings within a theoretical framework and reconcile contradictory findings by discovering contingent factors influencing the two constructs.
3. Provide guidance for future research by helping identify constructs and relationship.
4....

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...Question: Focus on one particular Political Economy Theory studied during the
Course and apply it to the economic history of Canada. Criticize and/or
Support its explanatory power and suggest possible avenues to improve the theoretical framework?
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