Modes of Authorship in the Middle Ages deserves a warm welcome. The articles, centred on the relationships between individual creativity and communal tradition, illustrate the interplay of the two by ranging broadly across medieval cultures and genres.

The volume opens with three articles that discuss changing con­cep­tualizations of key terms (principally ‘author’ and ‘author­ship’) in literary theory. The next seven papers consider the relations between medieval theory and practice in the attitudes towards authorship of specific Latin, German and Italian writers as diverse as Meister Eckhart, William of Malmesbury, John of Salisbury, Lawrence of Durham, the verse of Peter Riga, Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso and late exegesis on the Book of Psalms. These are followed by four papers which apply medieval and modern ideas about distributed authorship to various genres of Old Norse literature, by five which consider the contri­bu­tions of scribes, redactors, translators and compilers to the mak­ing of Old Norse literary manuscripts, and finally by two which approach the idea of authorship in medieval art and in com­mem­orative rune stones.

A striking feature of the collection is the attempt by several contributors to advance the debate by applying ideas and develop­ments in a number of scientific and humanistic disciplines, including neuroscience, evolutionary biology, ‘old’ and ‘new’ philology, and folklore studies. The result is a cross disciplinary approach that will stimulate scholars of literary history, theory, manuscript studies and art history to view notions of agency, originality, and textuality in a new light.

Christopher McDonough, University of Toronto

John McKinnell, Durham University

"(...) This volume is a dense and rich collection of scholarship. (...) Layered authorship or single texts with multiple authors, scribes or compilers as authors, the role of tradition in textual production--these are all issues that have previously been well-established as important for understanding medieval literary culture. But the application of these questions to the variety of new sources and figures represented in this volume has greatly expanded their scope and, in many cases, led to remarkable new insights that point the way forward."