Juergen Klinsmann was included among the coaches after leading United States to the last-16 of the World Cup but Jorge Luis Pinto and Jose Pekerman, who took Costa Rica and Colombia respectively to the quarter-finals, were overlooked.

There was room for Bayern Munich's Pep Guardiola, even though his team's most important match of the year, a Champions League semi-final at home to Real Madrid, ended in a 4-0 defeat.

The players' list showed similar anomalies and appeared to be based more on European club football than FIFA's flagship tournament.

Last year's winner Cristiano Ronaldo was duly named along with Real Madrid teammates Gareth Bale (Wales) and James Rodriguez (Colombia).

Manchester City and Ivory Coast midfielder Yaya Toure was the only African player short-listed, Neymar was Brazil's sole representative, and there were none at all from CONCACAF region or Asia.

Notable absentees included United States goalkeeper Tim Howard and Costa Rica stopper Keylor Navas, both outstanding in Brazil, and Costa Rica defender Giancarlo Gonzalez, who many critics saw as one of the tournament's most influential players.

FIFA, who organise the award jointly with France Football, said the final three candidates for both awards, officially known as the Ballon d'Or, would be announced on December 1 with the award ceremony in Zurich on January 12.