Established 1 July 1973, the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) is a command of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Eustis, Virginia. It is charged with overseeing training of Army forces and the development of operational doctrine. TRADOC operates 37 schools and centers at 27 different locations. TRADOC schools conduct 1,304 courses and 108 language courses, the 1,304 courses include 516,000 seats (resident, on-site and distributed learning) for 443,231 soldiers; 36,145 other-service personnel; 8,314 international soldiers; and 28,310 civilians.

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Training and Doctrine Command develops, educates and trains Soldiers, civilians, and leaders; supports unit training; and designs, builds and integrates a versatile mix of capabilities, formations, and equipment to strengthen the U.S. Army as America's Force of Decisive Action.[5]

TRADOC was established as a major U.S. Army command on 1 July 1973, the new command, along with the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM), was created from the Continental Army Command (CONARC) located at Fort Monroe, Virginia, that action was the major innovation in the Army's post-Vietnam reorganization, in the face of realization that CONARC's obligations and span of control were too broad for efficient focus. The new organization functionally realigned the major Army commands in the continental United States. CONARC, and Headquarters, U.S. Army Combat Developments Command (CDC), situated at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, were discontinued, with TRADOC and FORSCOM at Fort Belvoir assuming the realigned missions. TRADOC assumed the combat developments mission from CDC, took over the individual training mission formerly the responsibility of CONARC, and assumed command from CONARC of the major Army installations in the United States housing Army training center and Army branch schools. FORSCOM assumed CONARC's operational responsibility for the command and readiness of all divisions and corps in the continental U.S. and for the installations where they were based.

Joined under TRADOC, the major Army missions of individual training and combat developments each had its own lineage, the individual training responsibility had belonged, during World War II, to Headquarters Army Ground Forces (AGF). In 1946 numbered army areas were established in the U.S. under AGF command. At that time, the AGF moved from Washington, D.C. to Fort Monroe. In March 1948, the AGF was replaced at Fort Monroe with the new Office, Chief of Army Field Forces (OCAFF). OCAFF, however, did not command the training establishment, that function was exercised by Headquarters, Department of the Army through the numbered armies to the corps, division, and Army Training Centers. In February 1955, HQ Continental Army Command (CONARC) replaced OCAFF, assuming its missions as well as the training missions from DA; in January, HQ CONARC was redesignated U.S. Continental Army Command. Combat developments emerged as a formal Army mission in the early 1950s, and OCAFF assumed that role in 1952; in 1955, CONARC assumed the mission. In 1962, HQ U.S. Army Combat Development Command (CDC) was established to bring the combat developments function under one major Army command.[6]

1.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President

2.
Military recruitment
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Military recruitment is recruitment for military positions, that is, the act of requesting people, usually male adults, to join a military voluntarily. Involuntary military recruitment is known as conscription, to facilitate this process, armed forces have established recruiting commands. Military recruitment can be considered part of science if analysed as part of military history. Acquiring large amounts of forces in a short period of time, especially voluntarily. Recent cross-cultural studies suggest that, throughout the world, the broad categories may be used to define recruitment appeals. They include war, economic motivation, education, family and friends, politics, prior to the outbreak of World War I, military recruitment in the US was conducted primarily by individual states. Upon entering the war, however, the government took an increased role. The increased emphasis on an effort was reflected in World War I recruitment methods. Peter A. Padilla and Mary Riege Laner define six basic appeals to these recruitment campaigns, patriotism, job/career/education, adventure/challenge, social status, travel, between 1915 and 1918, 42% of all army recruitment posters were themed primarily by patriotism. In the aftermath of World War II military recruitment shifted significantly, with no war calling men and women to duty, the United States refocused its recruitment efforts to present the military as a career option, and as a means of achieving a higher education. A majority - 55% - of all recruitment posters would serve this end, and though peacetime would not last, factors such as the move to an all-volunteer military would ultimately keep career-oriented recruitment efforts in place. The Defense Department turned to syndication as a recruiting aid from 1957-1960 with a filmed show, Country Style. On February 20,1970, the President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force unanimously agreed that the United States would be best served by an all-volunteer military. In supporting this recommendation, the noted that recruitment efforts would have to be intensified. Much like the post-World War II era, these new campaigns put an emphasis on job opportunity. ”These new directives were to be combined with “an intensive recruiting effort. ”Finalized in mid-1973. In 1975 and 1976, military enlistments exceeded expectations, with over 365,000 men and women entering the military, indeed, recommendations made by the Presidents Commission continue to work in present-day recruitment efforts. Understanding the need for greater individual incentive, the US military has re-packaged the benefits of the GI Bill, though originally intended as compensation for service, the bill is now seen as a recruiting tool. Today, the GI Bill is no longer a reward for service rendered, while telephone prospecting is the most efficient, face to face prospecting is the most effective

3.
Recruit training
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Recruit training, more commonly known as basic training and colloquially called boot camp, is the initial instruction given to new military personnel, enlisted and officer. After completion of training, new recruits undergo Advanced Individual Training. Officer trainees undergo more detailed programs that may precede or follow the common recruit training in an officer training academy or in special classes at a civilian university. During recruit training, drill instructors do everything possible to push a recruit to his or her physical and mental limits, Recruit training varies by nation according to the national requirement and can be voluntary or mandatory. Approximately 100 nations, including the United Kingdom and United States, have a military service. In voluntary service an individual chooses to join and thereby agrees to be subjected to the process of building an organization in each life depends on the next person. The voluntary status has changed the culture of military service, Recruit training is oriented to the particular service. Navy and Coast Guard training usually focuses on water training, physical fitness, basic seamanship, and such skills as shipboard firefighting, basic engineering. Air force training usually includes physical training, military and classroom instructions. In all training, standard uniforms are issued and recruits typically have their hair cut or shaved in order to meet grooming standards, Recruits are generally given a service number. Recruit training must merge divergent trainees often from different levels of culture, a national basic training will include provision for the basic needs of the recruit and they will meet certain unit standards and unit requirements, such as mobility for an infantry unit. A recruit therefore will be issued basic provisions or equipment according to the requirements of the unit, Recruit training has changed over the years as tactics of war have changed. Infantry units no longer attack in formations, however, to move units around a base, formations are useful. A combat soldier on the ground who may call in artillery air strikes must be more intelligent. Recruits are typically instructed in drill, to stand, march, historically, drills are derived from 18th-century military tactics, soldiers in a fire line performed precise and coordinated movements to load and fire muskets. Although the particular tactics are now obsolete, drilling trains the recruit to act unhesitatingly in the face of real combat situations. Modern militaries have learned that a member often must make critical decisions on behalf of team. Drill serves a role in leadership training, Combat situations include commands to engage and put ones life in danger but also commands to disengage when military necessity so demands

4.
Military education and training
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Military education and training is a process which intends to establish and improve the capabilities of military personnel in their respective roles. Military education can be voluntary or compulsory duty, before any person gets authorization to operate technical equipment or be on the battlefield, they must take a medical and often a physical examination. If passed, they may begin primary training, the primary training is recruit training. Recruit training attempts to teach the basic information and training in techniques necessary to be a service member. To achieve this, service members are drilled physically, technically and psychologically, the drill instructor has the task of making the service members fit for military use. After finishing basic training, many service members undergo advanced training more in line with their chosen or assigned specialties, in advanced training, military technology and equipment is often taught. Many large countries have several military academies, one for branch of the service. However, academy graduates usually rank as officers, and as such have many options besides civilian work in their major subject, higher-ranking officers also have further educational opportunities. Resocialization is an important aspect of inducting a civilian into a military, resocialization as a sociological concept deals with the process of mentally and emotionally re-training a person so they can operate in an environment other than what they are accustomed to. Successful resocialization into a total institution involves changes to an individuals personality, key examples include the process of resocializing new recruits into the military so that they can operate as soldiers – or, in other words, as members of a cohesive unit. Another example is the process, in which those who have become accustomed to such roles return to society after military discharge. Resocialization from the life of a soldier to a civilian member of society often involves difficulties because of soldiers have seen. In the transition from civilian to soldier, the individual is trained to follow the command of his superiors. In some cases commands would go against certain natural aversions of the based on ones moral and ethical principles. While leaders effectively train their soldiers to accomplish the goal of battle preparedness, the evident psychological problems in post-combat situations may pose a threat to public safety because of the conditioning of individuals who might be made unstable because of their actions

5.
General officer
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A general officer is an officer of high rank in the army, and in some nations air forces or marines. The term general is used in two ways, as the title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of captain general, the adjective general had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of General is known in countries as a four-star rank. However different countries use different systems of stars for senior ranks and it has a NATO code of OF-9 and is the highest rank currently in use in a number of armies. The various grades of general officer are at the top of the rank structure. Lower-ranking officers in military forces are typically known as field officers or field-grade officers. There are two systems of general ranks used worldwide. In addition there is a system, the Arab system of ranks. Variations of one form, the old European system, were used throughout Europe. It is used in the United Kingdom, from which it spread to the Commonwealth. The other is derived from the French Revolution, where ranks are named according to the unit they command. The system used either a general or a colonel general rank. The rank of marshal was used by some countries as the highest rank. Many countries actually used two brigade command ranks, which is why some countries now use two stars as their brigade general insignia, mexico and Argentina still use two brigade command ranks. As a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major, confusion arises because a lieutenant is outranked by a major. Originally the serjeant major was, exclusively, the commander of the infantry, junior only to the captain general, the distinction of serjeant major general only applied after serjeant majors were introduced as a rank of field officer. Serjeant was eventually dropped from both titles, creating the modern rank titles

6.
Fort Eustis
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Fort Eustis is a United States Army installation located near Newport News, Virginia. In 2010, it was combined with nearby Langley Air Force Base to form Joint Base Langley–Eustis, the post is the home to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, and also home to the U. S. Army Aviation Logistics School. Fort Eustis is the home of the Army Aviation Logistics School, other significant tenants include the Army Training Support Center and the Army Aviation Applied Technology Directorate. The headquarters of the Army Transportation Corps was located at Fort Eustis until 2010 when it moved to Fort Lee, an important event in Virginias history occurred in the James River off Mulberry Island in the summer of 1610. He had been shipwrecked on Bermuda in the Sea Venture lost his wife and child by this time, but still had the untried seeds. The turning point at Mulberry Island delivered both Lord Delaware and businessman-farmer John Rolfe, two different men, back to Jamestown, where they and the others were to find new success. Lord Delawares skills and resources combined with Rolfes new strain of tobacco to provide the colony with effective leadership structure as the new cash crop began financial stabilization by 1612, by 1614, Rolfe owned an interest in a tobacco plantation. That same year, he became the husband of Pocahontas, for the next 300 years, Mulberry Island remained very rural, until it was purchased by the Federal Government in 1918. On 7 March 1918, the Army bought Mulberry Island and the land for $538,000 as part of the military build-up for World War I. Approximately 200 residents were relocated, many to the Jefferson Park area nearby in Warwick County, Camp Abraham Eustis was established as a coast artillery replacement center for Fort Monroe and a balloon observation school. It was named for Brevit Brigadier General Abraham Eustis, a 19th-century U. S, a few miles upstream along the James River, a satellite facility, Camp Wallace, was established in 1918 as the Upper Firing Range of for artillery training. Camp Wallace included some rugged terrain and bluffs overlooking the river and it was the site of anti-aircraft training during World War II. Many years later, the Armys aerial tramway was first erected at Camp Wallace, the purpose of the tramway was to provide cargo movement from ship-to-shore, shore-to-ship, and overland. The tramway supplemented beach and pier operations, used unloading points deemed unusable due to inadequate or non-navigable waters, or to traverse land that was otherwise impassable. In 1971, the U. S. Army agreed to a swap with Anheuser-Busch in return for a larger parcel which is located directly across Skiffes Creek from Fort Eustis. Along with land owned by Colonial Williamsburg, the former Camp Wallace land became part of a massive development. Nearby, the Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park opened in 1975, as well as a brewery. Camp Abraham Eustis became Fort Eustis and a permanent military installation in 1923, in 1925 Eustis National Forest was established on the installation

7.
United States Army Forces Command
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United States Army Forces Command is the largest United States Army command and provider of expeditionary, regionally engaged, campaign-capable land forces to combatant commanders. Headquartered at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, FORSCOM consists of more than 750,000 Active Army, U. S. Army Reserve, and Army National Guard soldiers. Its organizations are expeditionary, campaign focused, and tailorable to provide combatant commanders the required capabilities to be decisive across the range of military operations, FORSCOM was created on July 1,1973, from the former Continental Army Command. The mission of the command, Forces Command trains and prepares a combat ready, globally responsive Total Force in order to build and sustain readiness to meet Combatant Command requirements. The vision of the command is, Combat ready and globally responsive Total Army Forces that are led, disciplined, trained. The Army command provides Army forces to the joint war fight, FORSCOM prepares U. S. Army conventional forces to provide a sustained flow of trained and ready land power to combatant commanders in defense of the nation at home and abroad. Organizations will be expeditionary, campaign focused, and tailorable to provide combatant commanders the required capabilities to be decisive across the range of military operations, FORSCOM has defined the sustainment mission command capability which institutionalizes the sustainment mission at brigade combat team level. Sustainment brigades, formerly reporting directly to FORSCOMs deputy commanding general, are assigned to individual installations. S. Those requirements range from preparing soldiers to fight on the battlefields of Afghanistan and Iraq, the command remains at the point of the effort to transform the Army into a more deployable and maneuverable lethal force. This shift to a modular force design increases the number of available to support regional combatant commanders. It will expand the available force pool and mandate a set of force structures organized and equipped to be interchangeable. FORSCOM has major units located at 15 installations, including the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, California and they present training scenarios constantly updated to reflect changing battlefield conditions and to incorporate lessons learned. Soldiers are presented with complex, cross-cultural challenges by large numbers of players who act as combatants. NTC and JRTC have urban combat landscapes and cave and tunnel complexes to simulate current, Army Reserve Command Headquarters facility completed construction at Fort Bragg, in June 2011. Forces Command hosted an Army Casing of Colors ceremony on 24 June 2011 at Fort McPherson, U. S. Army Forces Command 1993 – present U. S. Forces Command 1987 –1993 U. S and their responsibilities varied over time, but from the 1980s to the mid-1990s covered Reserve Component training supervision. FORSCOM currently commands U. S. Army Reserve Command, FORSCOM also commands three Army corps, I Corps at Fort Lewis, Washington, III Corps at Fort Hood, Texas, and XVIII Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. First U. S. Army is responsible for training, mobilization and deployment support to Reserve Component and they also execute FORSCOM missions within their geographic areas of responsibility

8.
United States Army Materiel Command
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The U. S. Army Materiel Command is the primary provider of materiel to the United States Army. The Commands mission includes the research & development of systems as well as maintenance. It was established on 8 May 1962 and was activated on 1 August of that year as a field command of the U. S. Army. The command is also the Department of Defense Executive Agent for the chemical weapons stockpile, AMC is currently headquartered at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, and is located in approximately 149 locations worldwide, including more than 49 American States and 50 countries. AMC maintains employment of upwards of 70,000 military and civilian employees, the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission decision relocated AMC to Redstone Arsenal in Alabama. AMC was previously headquartered on Ft. Belvoir, VA, for fifty years. This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document

9.
Materiel
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Materiel, more commonly matériel in US English but also listed as the only spelling in some UK dictionaries, is military technology and supplies in military and commercial supply chain management. In a military context, materiel relates to the needs of a force to complete a specific mission. The term is often used in a general sense to describe the needs of a functioning army. It includes provisioning, cataloging, requirements determination, acquisition, distribution, maintenance, the terms materiel management, materiel control, inventory control, inventory management, and supply management are synonymous. Military materiel is often shipped to and used in severe climates without controlled warehouses, packaging and labeling often needs to meet stringent technical specifications to help ensure proper delivery and final use. Matériel Inventory Military acquisition Military logistics Military supply chain management Supply chain Anti-materiel rifle The dictionary definition of materiel at Wiktionary

10.
Fort Monroe, Virginia
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Fort Monroe is a decommissioned military installation in Hampton, Virginia—at Old Point Comfort, the southern tip of the Virginia Peninsula. Surrounded by a moat, the star fort is the largest stone fort ever built in the United States. During the initial exploration by the mission headed by Captain Christopher Newport in the earliest days of the Colony of Virginia, beginning by 1609, defensive fortifications were built at Old Point Comfort during Virginias first two centuries. The first was a wooden stockade named Fort Algernourne, however, the much more substantial facility of stone to become known as Fort Monroe were completed in 1834. The principal facility was named in honor of U. S. President James Monroe, throughout the American Civil War, although most of Virginia became part of the Confederate States of America, Fort Monroe remained in Union hands. It became notable as a historic and symbolic site of early freedom for former slaves under the provisions of contraband policies, for two years thereafter, the former Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, was imprisoned at the fort. His first months of confinement were spent in a cell of the fort walls that is now part of its Casemate Museum. In the 20th century, it housed the Coast Artillery School and later the United States Army Training, Fort Monroe was decommissioned on September 15,2011, and many of its functions were transferred to nearby Fort Eustis. Several re-use plans for Fort Monroe are under development in the Hampton community, on November 1,2011, President Barack Obama signed a proclamation to designate portions of Fort Monroe as a National Monument. This was the first time that President Obama exercised his authority under the Antiquities Act and it has a 332-slip marina and shallow water inlet access to Mill Creek, suitable for small watercraft. The land area where Fort Monroe is became part of Elizabeth Cittie in 1619, Elizabeth River Shire in 1634, on their initial exploration, they recognized the strategic importance of the site at Old Point Comfort for purposes of coastal defense. They initially built Fort Algernourne at the location of the present Fort Monroe and it is assumed to have been a triangular stockade, based on the fort at Jamestown. Other small forts known as Fort Henry and Fort Charles were built nearby in 1610, in the latter part of August 1619, a Dutch ship, the White Lion, appeared off the coast of Old Point Comfort. Its cargo included more than 30 Africans captured from the slave ship Sao Joao Bautista, traded for work and supplies from the English, they were the first Africans to come ashore on British-occupied land in what would become the United States. Although the Bantu Africans from Angola were considered indentured servants, their arrival is considered to mark the beginning of slavery in America, another fort, known only as the fort at Old Point Comfort was constructed in 1632. In 1728, Fort George was built on the site and its masonry walls were destroyed by a hurricane in 1749, but the wood buildings in the fort were used by a reduced force until at least 1775. In 1781, during the Siege of Yorktown, the French West Indian fleet established a battery on the ruins of Fort George, throughout the Colonial period, fortifications were manned at the location from time to time. Following the War of 1812, the United States realized the need to protect Hampton Roads, in March 1819, President James Monroe came up with a plan of building a network of coastal defenses

11.
Fort Belvoir
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Fort Belvoir /ˈbɛlvwɑːr/ is a United States Army installation and a census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Originally, it was the site of the Belvoir plantation, today, Fort Belvoir is home to a number of important United States military organizations. With nearly twice as many workers as The Pentagon, Belvoir is the largest employer in Fairfax County, Fort Belvoir actually comprises three geographically distinct properties, the main base, Davison Army Airfield, and the Fort Belvoir North Area. The base was founded during World War I as Camp A. A. Humphreys, named for Union Civil War general Andrew A. Humphreys, who was also Chief of Engineers. Fort Belvoir was initially the home of the Army Engineer School prior to its relocation in the 1980s to Fort Leonard Wood, as a result of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, Fort Belvoir had a substantial increase in the number of people stationed or employed there. The cost of the new center was $2.4 billion, in addition, Fort Belvoir is home to National Reconnaissance Offices Aerospace Data Facility-East. Lord Fairfax came to America in 1747 and stayed less than a year at the Belvoir estate before moving to Greenway Court, the Fairfax family lived at Belvoir for over 30 years, but eldest son George William Fairfax sailed to England on business in 1773, never to return. The manor home was destroyed by fire in 1783, the ruins of the Belvoir Mansion and the nearby Fairfax family grave site are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. William Fairfax served in the Royal Navy as a man and all of his sons served in uniform. The Army Historical Foundation announced in March 2017 that construction will begin on the National Museum of the United States Army on Fort Belvoir. The museum, set on 84 acres, will tell the stories of the 30 million men and women who have served in the Army since 1775. The 185,000 square-foot museum will feature state-of-the-art technology throughout the dramatic historical galleries, an interactive Experiential Learning Center, there will also be outdoor venues including a Memorial Garden, Amphitheater, Parade Ground, and Army Trail. It is expected to open in late 2019, Fort Belvoir is also a census-designated place. Neighboring CDPs are Mount Vernon to the east, Woodlawn and Groveton to the northeast, Hayfield and Kingstowne to the north, as of the census of 2010, there were 7,100 people,1,777 households, and 1,700 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 809.9 people per square mile, there were 2,018 housing units at an average density of 230. 2/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 64. 9% White,21. 7% African American,0. 6% Native American,2. 5% Asian,0. 5% Pacific Islander,2. 5% some other race, and 7. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13. 2% of the population,4. 1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0. 1% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.80, and the family size was 3.90

12.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day

13.
Air Education and Training Command
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Air Education and Training Command was established 1 July 1993, with the realignment of the former Air Training Command and the extant Air University. It is one of the U. S. Air Forces ten major commands and reports to Headquarters, AETC is headquartered at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. Its commander is Lieutenant General Darryl Roberson, with Lieutenant General Douglas H. Owens as vice commander and Chief Master Sergeant Gerardo Tapia, more than 48,000 active duty and Air Reserve Component members and 14,000 civilian personnel make up AETC. The command has responsibility for approximately 1,600 aircraft, AETCs mission is to recruit, train and educate Airmen to deliver air power for America. AETCs mission begins with the Air Force Recruiting Service, an AETC activity also headquartered at Randolph AFB, Texas. Recruiters in more than 1,000 offices worldwide recruit the men and women needed as both enlisted airmen and commissioned officers to meet the demands of the U. S. Air Force. AFRS recruitment of commissioned officers is limited to 4-year college/university graduates via Air Force Officer Training School, the first stop for all Regular Air Force, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Command enlisted personnel is Basic Military Training at Lackland AFB, Texas. More than 36,000 new airmen will complete this recently lengthened eight-and-a-half-week program each year, a recently established technical training institute at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, also conducts training in several medical career fields. Each base is responsible for a portion of formal technical training airmen require to accomplish the Air Force mission. 2 AF also conducts specialized training for military working dogs and dog handlers at Lackland AFB, Texas, for the entire Department of Defense and the Federal Aviation Administration. Additionally, the Inter-American Air Forces Academy at Lackland AFB hosts more than 160 courses in aviation specialties, taught in Spanish, the Air Education and Training Command, along with the USAF Academy, are responsible for teaching these principles throughout the Air Force. When AETC was established in 1993, Nineteenth Air Force was also established as a numbered air force to 2 AF within AETC. On 12 July 2012,19 AF was temporarily inactivated for budgetary reasons in an effort to gain efficiencies, Air Force pilot candidates begin their flying careers with Initial Flight Screening at Pueblo Memorial Airport, Colorado. S. Air Force Academy, Air Force ROTC and Air Force OTS and this program was terminated on 25 July 2013 with the graduation of the final USAF student pilot from primary training at NAS Whiting Field. S. Air Force and various European air forces, during the primary phase, students master contact, instrument, low-level and formation flying. After the primary phase of SUPT and ENJJPT, student pilots elect one of three advanced training tracks based on their class standing and those qualified for fighter or bomber assignments are assigned to the fighter/bomber track and train in the T-38 Talon at the SUPT and ENJJPT bases. Following completion of the track, graduates will be assigned to the A-10, F-15 Eagle, F-15E Strike Eagle, F-16, F-22 and F-35, B-1. NOTE, The U-2 is not an option for new graduates of the Fighter/Bomber track, prospective U-2 pilots must be qualified in another fighter, bomber, reconnaissance or mobility aircraft before applying to fly the U-2

14.
David G. Perkins
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David Gerard Perkins is a United States Army four-star general. He commands U. S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, David Gerard Perkins was born in Keene, New Hampshire on November 12,1957, and was raised in Fairport, New York. Perkins earned his Boy Scouts of America Eagle Scout award in 1974 and he graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1980 and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant of Armor. In 1988, he received a Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Perkins completed both Ranger and Airborne Schools. He then served in armor assignments from platoon leader to battalion and he commanded 1st Battalion, 63rd Armor from 1996 to 1998. The battalion served in Macedonia, and took part in a United Nations mission to monitor Macedonias borders with Albania, Kosovo, in 1999, Perkins received a masters degree from the Naval War College. In 2003, Perkins commanded 2nd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division during the invasion of Iraq and his unit was the first across the border, and first to enter the downtown government areas of Baghdad. Perkins is featured prominently in the book Thunder Run, The Armored Strike to Capture Baghdad, Perkins received the Silver Star for his part in the invasion. In 2004 and 2005, Perkins was executive assistant to the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, from 2005 to 2007, he commanded the Joint Multinational Training Command in Germany. From 2007 to 2008, Perkins was the G-3 for United States Army Europe, in 2008, he became the director for strategic effects for Multi-National Force-Iraq. In this capacity, he coordinated and implemented political, economic, and communications activities on behalf of MNF-I, from 2009 to 2011, he commanded the 4th Infantry Division at Fort Carson. From 2011 to 2014, Perkins was commander of the Combined Arms Center and commandant of the United States Army Command, on March 14,2014, Perkins assumed command of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command from Robert W. Cone. Perkins is married to Ginger Perkins and they have two children, Cassandra and Chad, both of whom serve in the Army. Media related to David G. Perkins at Wikimedia Commons

15.
United States Secretary of the Army
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The Secretary of the Army is nominated by the President and confirmed by the U. S. Senate, the Secretary of the Army is a non-Cabinet position serving under the Secretary of Defense. Robert M. Speer took office as Acting Secretary on January 20,2017 and he will perform his duties until the U. S. Senate confirms a new Army Secretary, Karl M. Schneider will perform the duties of Undersecretary of the Army. Mr. Speer was formerly Assistant Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Army is in effect the chief executive officer of the Department of the Army, and the Chief of Staff of the Army works directly for the Secretary of the Army. The Secretary presents and justifies Army policies, plans, programs, and budgets to the Secretary of Defense, other executive branch officials, the Secretary also communicates Army policies, plans, programs, capabilities, and accomplishments to the public. As necessary, the Secretary convenes meetings with the leadership of the Army to debate issues, provide direction. The Secretary is a member of the Defense Acquisition Board, other offices may be established by law or by the Secretary of the Army. No more than 1,865 officers of the Army on the active-duty list may be assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Army and on the Army Staff

16.
Chief of Staff of the United States Army
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The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army. As the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, the CSA is the military advisor. The CSA is typically the officer on active-duty in the U. S. Army unless the Chairman and/or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are Army officers. The Chief of Staff of the Army is a position based in the Pentagon. While the CSA does not have command authority over Army forces proper. The current Chief of Staff of the Army is General Mark A. Milley, the CSA also directs the Inspector General of the Army to perform inspections and investigations as required. In addition, the CSA presides over the Army Staff and represents army capabilities, requirements, policy, plans, under delegation of authority made by the Secretary of the Army, the CSA designates army personnel and army resources to the Commanders of the Combatant Commands. Like the other counterparts, the CSA has no operational command authority over army forces. The CSA is served by a number of Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the Army, such as G-1, Personnel. The CSA base pay is $21,147.30 per month plus Personal Money Allowance of $333.33, basic allowance for subsistence of $253.38, the Chief of Staff of the Army is nominated by the President and must be confirmed by the Senate. By statute, the CSA is appointed as a four-star general, the Chief of Staff of the Army has an official residence, Quarters 1 at Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall, Virginia. The Chief of Staff holds an annual future study program called Unified Quest, prior to 1903, the senior military officer in the army was the Commanding General, who reported to the Secretary of War. The first chief of staff moved his headquarters to Fort Myer in 1908, the rank listed is the rank when serving in the office. Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer Sergeant Major of the Army Bell, appendix B, Chronological List of Senior Officers of the United States Army. Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005, Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Armys Senior Officer, United States Army Center of Military History. Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005, Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Armys Senior Officer, United States Army Center of Military History. Chief of Staff, Prewar Plans and Preparations, United States Army in World War II. United States Army Center of Military History, - full text The short film Big Picture, Top Soldier is available for free download at the Internet Archive

17.
Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army
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The Vice Chief of Staff generally handles the day-to-day administration of the Army Staff, freeing the Chief of Staff to attend to the interservice responsibilities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. By statute, the Vice Chief of Staff is appointed as a general in the United States Army while so serving. The incumbent Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, since August 2014, is General Daniel B, under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of the Army the Vice Chief of Staff assists the Chief of Staff on missions and functions related to their duties. The Vice Chief of Staff also assists the Chief of Staff in the management/oversight of U. S. Army installations, the Vice Chief of Staff is the designated Army representative to the Joint Requirements Oversight Council. If the Chief of Staff is incapacitated or otherwise relieved of duty, the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among the general officers of the Army

18.
Sergeant Major of the Army
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The Sergeant Major of the Army is a unique non-commissioned rank and position of office in the United States Army. The SMA is appointed to serve as a spokesman to address the issues of enlisted soldiers to all officers, from warrant officers, as such, he is the senior enlisted advisor to the Chief of Staff of the U. S. Army. The exact duties vary depending on the chief of staff, though much of the SMAs time is spent traveling throughout the Army, observing training and talking with soldiers and their families. Kenneth O. Preston held the rank from 15 January 2004, through 28 February 2011, SMA Raymond F. Chandler III was succeeded by Command Sergeant Major Daniel A. Dailey, on 30 January 2015. While the SMA is an officer, the billet is the protocol equivalent of a lieutenant general. The rank and position were based on those of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, the Chief of Staff of the Army created the position in 1966 after asking leaders of the major commands for a personal recommendation. He asked that it not be considered a near-retirement type assignment and he listed seven duties and functions he expected the Sergeant Major to perform, including service as a personal adviser and assistant on matters pertaining to enlisted soldiers. From 4,700 proposed candidates,21 nominees were selected, finally chosen was the only one then serving in Vietnam, Sergeant Major William O. Wooldridge of the 1st Infantry Division. These six positions are referred to as senior enlisted advisors. The collar insignia of the SMA is the portion of the collar insignia of an aide-de-camp to the Army Chief of Staff, placed upon an enlisted collar disk of gold color. The insignia worn by SMA Wooldridge was hand-soldered by Colonel Jasper J. Wilson from the cannibalized insignia, the insignia was approved on 4 July 1966. Originally, the SMA would wear the device on each collar and this insignia is also worn in place of a unit insignia on the SMAs beret, garrison cap, and pull-over sweater. The SMAs cap device, worn on the front of the service cap is a gold-colored rendering of the United States coat of arms. The cap device for all other U. S. Army enlisted soldiers is a rendering of the United States coat of arms on a gold-colored disk or surrounded by a gold colored ring. The chief master sergeant of the Air Force has the same cap device as the SMA, first considered in 1992, the SMAs color has been authorized since 22 March 1999. It is based on the design of his insignia and the positional flag of the Chief of Staff. Like the SEACs collar brass, the SEACs positional color was patterned after the SMAs color

19.
United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
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The Armed Services Committee was created as a result of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 following U. S. victory in the Second World War. It merged the responsibilities of the Committee on Naval Affairs and the Committee on Military Affairs, Department of Defense, the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force, generally. Maintenance and operation of the Panama Canal, including administration, sanitation, national security aspects of nuclear energy. Naval petroleum reserves, except those in Alaska, pay, promotion, retirement, and other benefits and privileges of members of the Armed Forces, including overseas education of civilian and military dependents. Strategic and critical materials necessary for the common defense

20.
United States Army Reserve
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The United States Army Reserve is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the Army element of the Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces. On 30 June 2016, Lieutenant General Charles D. Luckey became the 33rd Chief of Army Reserve, on 23 April 1908 Congress created the Medical Reserve Corps, the official predecessor of the Army Reserve. This organization provided a pool of trained Reserve officers and enlisted men for use in war. The Organized Reserve included the Officers Reserve Corps, Enlisted Reserve Corps, the Organized Reserves were redesignated 25 March 1948 as the Organized Reserve Corps. Recognizing the importance of the Organized Reserve to the World War II effort, Congress authorized retirement, a tentative troop basis for the Organized Reserve Corps, prepared in March 1946, outlined 25 divisions, three armored, five airborne, and 17 infantry. These divisions and all other Organized Reserve Corps units were to be maintained in one of three categories, labeled Class A, Class B, and Class C. The troop basis listed nine divisions as Class A, nine as Class B, eventually the War Department agreed and made the appropriate changes. Although the dispute over Class A units lasted several months, the War Department proceeded with the reorganization of the Organized Reserve Corps divisions during the summer of 1946. That all divisions were to begin as Class C units, progressing to the categories as men and equipment became available. Also, the War Department wanted to take advantage of the pool of trained reserve officers, by that time Army Ground Forces had been reorganized as an army group headquarters that commanded six geographic armies. The armies replaced the nine areas of the prewar era. The First United States Army declined to support a division. After the change, the Organized Reserve Corps had four airborne, the Second Army insisted upon the number 80 for its airborne unit because the division was to be raised in the prewar 80th Divisions area, not that of the 99th. Finally, the 103rd Infantry Division, organized in 1921 in New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona, was moved to Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, a major problem in forming divisions and other units in the Organized Reserve Corps was adequate housing. While many National Guard units owned their own armories, some dating back to the nineteenth century, although the War Department requested funds for needed facilities, Congress moved slowly in response. During the summer and fall of 1951 the six army commanders in the United States, staff agencies, the army commanders urged that all divisions in the Organized Reserve Corps be infantry divisions because they believed that the reserves could not adequately support armored and airborne training. They thought thirteen, rather than twelve, reserve divisions should be maintained to provide a geographic distribution of the units

21.
Army National Guard
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The Army National Guard, in conjunction with the Air National Guard, is a militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States. They are simultaneously part of two different organizations, the National Guard of the states, territories and the District of Columbia. The Army National Guard is divided into units stationed in each of the 50 states. Members or units of the Army National Guard may be ordered, temporarily or indefinitely, if mobilized for federal service, the member or unit becomes part of the Army National Guard of the United States, which is a reserve component of the United States Army. Individuals volunteering for active service may do so subject to the consent of their governors. Governors generally cannot veto involuntary activations of individuals or units for federal service, the President may also call up members and units of the Army National Guard, in its status as the militia of the several states, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or enforce federal laws. The Army National Guard of the United States is one of two organizations administered by the National Guard Bureau, the other being the Air National Guard of the United States. The Director of the Army National Guard is the head of the organization, Militia members were required to equip themselves, take part in regular training, and report to their units when called. This war resulted in hundreds of deaths, hundreds of Native Americans sold into slavery or scattered throughout North America, the militias of the Southern New England colonies fought Native Americans again in King Philips War from 1675 to 1676. This conflict led to the defeat of the Narragansets, further straining relationships between Native Americans and white Europeans, but enabling continued white settlement of New England. In addition, the colonists had little interest in paying the taxes to maintain permanent garrisons of British troops, the militias were also an early experiment in democracy, with company grade officers often elected by their men, and the higher officers appointed by colonial governors or legislatures. The colonies did not exert centralized control over the militias or coordinate their efforts, Training typically took place during musters each summer, with militia members reporting for inspection and undergoing several days of training in drill and ceremony. Militia members served throughout the Revolution, often near their homes, Militia units served in combat, as well as carrying out guard duty for prisoners, garrisoning of forts, and local patrols. On some occasions, militia members performed ineffectively, as at the Battle of Camden in North Carolina, on other occasions they performed capably, including the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Bennington, Battles of Saratoga, and Battle of Cowpens. Perhaps the most important role played by the militia was off the battlefield, during the period of the Articles of Confederation, the weak federal government reduced the Continental Army to a handful of officers and soldiers. The Articles of Confederation required each state to maintain a militia, such consent was not forthcoming in an era when the population still harbored a distrust of a standing army, so Congress largely left the defense of the new nation to the state militias. During the Constitutional Convention in 1787, Federalist delegates argued for a federal government. Federalists anticipated using the military to defend the country if it were attacked, anti-Federalists advocated limited federal government, and wanted continued state control over the militias

22.
Reorganization plan of United States Army
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In 2006 a new deployment scheme known as Grow the Army was adopted that enabled the Army to carry out continuous operations. The plan was modified several times including an expansion of numbers in 2007. On 25 June 2013, plans were announced to disband 13 modular brigade combat teams and expand the remaining brigades with a maneuver battalion, extra fires batteries. Up to 60% of the budget is spent on personnel. On November 22 and 23,2002, the Belfer Center for Science, the conference was held at the Belfer Center at Harvard Universitys John F. Kennedy School of Government. The United States Army War College and the Dwight D. Eisenhower National Security Series were co-sponsors, in some respects this could be said to have been the birthplace of Transformation as a formal paradigm. In March 2004, a contract was awarded to Anteon Corporation to provide Modularity Coordination Cells to each transforming corps, division, each MCC contained a team of functional area specialists who provided direct, ground-level support to the unit. The MCCs were coordinated by the Anteon office in Atlanta, Georgia, history of ARFORGEN The Secretary of the Army approved implementing ARFORGEN, a transformational force generation model, in 2006. In support of transformation for the future, TRADOC, upon the advice of the Armys stakeholders, has assembled 20 warfighting challenges and these challenges are under evaluation during annual Army warfighting assessments, such as AWA17.1, held in October 2016. AWA17.1 is an assessment by 5,000 US Soldiers, Special Forces, Airmen, and Marines, as well as by British, Australian, Canadian, Danish, and Italian troops. Grow the Army was a transformation and re-stationing initiative of the United States Army which began in 2007 and was scheduled to be completed by fiscal year 2013. This grew the force from 42 Brigade Combat Teams and 75 modular support brigades in 2007 to 45 Brigade Combat Teams and 83 modular support brigades by 2013. On 25 June 2013, US Army Chief of Staff General Raymond T. Odierno announced plans to disband 13 brigade combat teams, while the number of BCTs will be reduced, the size of remaining BCTs will increase, on average, to about 4,500 soldiers. That will be accomplished, in cases, by moving existing battalions. Two brigade combat teams in Germany had already been deactivated and a further 10 brigade combat teams slated for deactivation were announced by General Odierno on 25 June, eleven brigades were inactivated by 2015. The remaining brigades as of 2015 are listed below, the fact that this modernization is now in place has been acknowledged by the renaming of the Brigade Modernization Command to the U. S. Army Joint Modernization Command, on 16 February 2017. Modular combat brigades are self-contained combined arms formations and they are standardized formations across the active and reserve components, meaning an Armored BCT at Fort Hood will be the same as one at Fort Stewart. Reconnaissance plays a role in the new organizational designs

23.
United States Army Africa
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United States Army Africa, also known as the Southern European Task Force, is the United States Army service component command of United States Africa Command. USARAFs headquarters are located on Caserma Ederle and Caserma Del Din, Vicenza, the current commanding officer|commanding general of USARAF is Major General Major General Joseph P. Harrington. SETAF, now known as USARAF/SETAF has been stationed in Italy since 1955 and has a history of operating on the African continent. During the past 15 years, SETAF has provided crisis response, disaster relief, according to the Army Times, this marked the end of the airborne chapter of the unit’s history and the beginning of its new role as the Army component of AFRICOM. The vision for U. S. Army Africa is to be a trusted and respected partner, ultimately, when these items mentioned are met, American interests are protected and African land forces are able to address African security challenges. Means by which the DoD encourages and enables countries and organizations to work with the U. S. to achieve strategic objectives, consists of official, cooperative and generally non-combat interactions between Army elements, active duty, or U. S. National Guard and Reserve components. Department of State managed program that trains 20-30 battalions of peacekeepers throughout Africa annually, ACOTA trains and equips contingents from selected African militaries with enhanced capacity to respond quickly and effectively to peace support and humanitarian relief situations on the continent. ACOTA is a part of Global Peace Operations Initiative, ADAPT is a theater logistics engagement activity that helps build deployment capacity for African partners who conduct peacekeeping, counter-terrorism, or humanitarian relief operations in Africa. Funded by the Department of State, the ADAPT program aims to enhance the capabilities of African militaries to support these mission requirements. Provides assistance to enhance the capabilities of a foreign national military forces. Designed to build relationships and satisfy the Army’s Title 10 responsibilities and this is typically a five-day event where the team participates with partner nation’s military on different types of non-training related events. S. Bi-lateral and multi-lateral exercises where U. S. forces train with and these are designed to train U. S. medical elements and specialists as well as host nation personnel. This increases interoperability and enhances relationships, reform or rebuild a state’s security sector. Focuses on where a security sector is unable to provide security to the state and its people effectively. Multiple week-long training program with the goal of establishing a self-sustaining indigenous HMA program in select partner nations, engagement opportunity that brings together land forces chiefs of staff from African nations and military leadership from the U. S. Army to discuss African security challenges. The unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local and this is a National Guard Bureau program. This program provides unique partnership capacity building capabilities to combatant commanders through partnerships between U. S. states and partner nations and this is a U. S. Army Cadet Command program. This program utilizes immersion training within a deployment to a partner nation, in the fall of 2008, SETAF went through major organizational changes as it restructured to support AFRICOM

24.
United States Army Central
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The United States Army Central is a military formation of the United States Army, which saw service in World War I and World War II, in the 1991 Gulf War, and in the coalition occupation of Iraq. It is best known for its campaigns in World War II under the command of General George S. Patton, Third Army is currently denoted USARCENT, headquartered at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina with a forward element at Camp Arifjan, Kuwait. On the 15th, Major General Joseph T. Dickman assumed command, the third Army consisted of three corps and seven divisions. On 15 November 1918, Major General Dickman was given the mission to move quickly and he was to disarm and disband German forces as ordered by General John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces. The march into Germany for occupation duty was begun on 17 November 1918, by 15 December the Third Army Headquarters at Mayen opened at Coblenz. Two days later, on 17 December 1918, the Coblenz bridgehead, consisting of a pontoon bridge, Third Army troops had encountered no hostile act of any sort. In the occupied area, both food and coal supplies were sufficient, the crossing of the Rhine by the front line divisions was effected in good time and without confusion. Troops, upon crossing the Rhine and reaching their assigned areas, were billeted preparatory to occupying selected positions for defense. The strength of the Third Army as of 19 December, the date the bridgehead occupation was completed, was 9,638 officers and 221,070 enlisted men, the southern boundary was as has been previously mentioned. Before the advance, the 1st Division passed to the command of the III Corps, the four bridges available for crossing the river within the Coblenz bridgehead were the pontoon bridge and railroad bridge at Coblenz, the railroad bridges at Engers and Remagen. On 13 December the advance began with the American khaki crossing the Rhine into advanced positions. On the same day the 42d Division passes to the command of the IV Corps, which, in support of the III Corps, continued its march to occupy the Kreise of Mayen, Ahrweiler, Adenau, and Cochem. The VII Corps occupied under the order that portion of the Regierungsbezirk of Trier within army limits. On 15 December, Third Army Headquarters at Mayen opened at Coblenz, III Corps Headquarters at Polch opened at Neuwied and IV Corps Headquarters remained at Cochem, with the VII Corps at Grevenmacher. In crossing the Rhine on the shortened front—from Rolandseck to Rhens on the west bank—the Third Army encountered no hostile act of any sort, in the occupied area both food and coal supplies were sufficient. By the night of 14 December, Third Army troops had occupied their positions on the perimeter of the Coblenz bridgehead, during January 1919, the Third Army was engaged in training and preparing the troops under its command for any contingency. A letter of instruction was circulated to lower commanders prescribing a plan of action in case hostilities were resumed, installations were set up throughout the Army area to facilitate command. On 4 February, the control of the Stadtkreis of Trier was transferred from GHQ to the Third Army

25.
United States Army Europe
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United States Army Europe is an Army Service Component Command of the United States Army. It is responsible for directing US Army operations throughout the United States European Command Area of Responsibility, during the Cold War, HQ USAREUR supervised ground formations primarily focused upon the Warsaw Pact militaries to the east as part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisations Central Army Group. Since the Revolutions of 1989, USAREUR has greatly reduced its size, dispatched US forces to Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm, and increased security cooperation with other NATO land forces. Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United States Army was a United States Army formation which directed U. S. Army operations in parts of Europe from 1942 to 1945. It commanded Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and it was bordered to the south by the North African Theater of Operations, US Army, which later became the Mediterranean Theater of Operations. As the armies advanced, both these zones and the areas into which they were divided would shift forward to new areas of control. The Seventh Army landed on beaches in southern Sicily and captured the city of Palermo on 22 July. During the fighting, the elements of the Seventh Army killed or captured over 113,000 enemy soldiers, the invasion was originally given the code name of Operation ANVIL but was changed to Operation DRAGOON before the landing. In March 1944, Lt. General Alexander Patch was assigned to command the Army which moved to Naples, Italy, on 15 August 1944, Seventh Army units assaulted the beaches of southern France in the St. Tropez and Saint-Raphaël area. Within one month, the Army employing three American Divisions, five French Divisions, and the First Airborne Task Force had advanced 400 miles and had joined with the Normandy forces. In the process, the Seventh Army had liberated Marseilles, Lyon, Toulon, Seventh Army then assaulted the German forces in the Vosges Mountains, broke into the Alsatian Plain, and reached the Rhine River after capturing the city of Strasbourg. During the Battle of the Bulge, the Seventh Army extended its flanks to take much of the Third Army area which allowed the Third to relieve surrounded U. S. forces at Bastogne. Along with the First French Army, the Seventh went on the offensive in February 1945 and eliminated the enemy pocket in the Colmar area. The Seventh then went into the Saar River valley, crossed the Rhine, captured Nuremberg and Munich, crossed the Brenner Pass, when the war ended in Europe on 8 May 1945, the ETOUSA headquarters was located in Versailles, France, just outside Paris. ETOUSA was redesignated Headquarters, United States Forces European Theater on 1 July 1945, within a year rapid redeployments had brought the occupation forces down to fewer than 290,000 personnel, and many of the larger formations had departed or been inactivated. Seventh Army headquarters remained in control of the portion of the American zone. In November 1945, the two army commanders organized district constabularies based on cavalry groups, and on 1 May 1946. Seventh Army was inactivated in March 1946, in Germany, reactivated for a time at Atlanta, Georgia

26.
United States Army Pacific
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The United States Army Pacific is an Army Service Component Command of the United States Army and is the army component unit of the United States Pacific Command. The main areas that this command has jurisdiction in include Hawaii, Alaska and it also performs missions in Southeast Asia, in the countries such as the Philippines and Bangladesh. The United States Eighth Army in Korea has operational command and control on US Forces in Korea since January 2012, however, subordinate units of this command sometimes perform humanitarian missions in places such as Haiti, Cuba, and the Middle East. Command Group Commanding General, General Robert B. Brown Deputy Commanding General - South, Major General Deputy Commanding General - North and this became the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System, which was finally deactivated in 2001. Treat 1917 BG John Philip Wisser 1917 BG Augustus P. Blocksom 1918 BG John W. Heard 1918–1919 MG Henry C, winans 1930 MG William Lassiter 1930–1931 MG Briant H. Wells 1931–1934 MG Halstead Dorey 1934–1935 MG Hugh A. Drum 1935–1937 MG Andrew Moses 1937–1938 LTG Charles D. Herron 1938–1941 LTG Walter C, richardson, Jr. 1943–1945 LTG Robert C. Rosson 1970–1973 GEN Donald V. Bennett 1973 GEN Frederick C, weyand 1973 GEN Donald V. Bennett 1973–1974 GEN Richard G. Stilwell 1974 MG Donnelly P. Bolton 1975 MG Thomas U

27.
United States Army North
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The United States Army North is a formation of the United States Army Service Component Command of United States Northern Command. As the joint force land component command, it is responsible for defense and defense support of civil authorities. It is garrisoned at Fort Sam Houston, Texas and it was officially activated on 5 January 1943 at Oujda, French Morocco and made responsible for the defence of Algeria and Morocco. Writing to Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers in late March 1944, Clark explained the difficulties of the fighting in Italy so far, which could be said of the whole campaign. The Fifth Army first saw action during the Salerno landings, the landings at Salerno, part of the Allied invasion of Italy. Due to the low numbers of American troops available in the Mediterranean Theater it was made up of one American. They were the U. S. VI Corps, under Major General Ernest J. Dawley, at Salerno, VI Corps landed on the right flank, and X Corps on the left flank. Progress was initially slow, due in part to a lack of initiative by Dawley, the VI Corps commander, however, heavy naval and air bombardment, along with a parachute drop by elements of the U. S. On 20 September, by time the Fifth and Eighth Armies had linked up, Major General Dawley. Dawley was temporarily made deputy commander, and was soon replaced in command of VI Corps by Major General John P. Lucas. Progress was then good for a couple of weeks and the Fifth Army crossed the Barbara Line and they had established a position on the Winter Line, which included the formidable defensive positions at San Pietro Infine in the Liri Valley and at Monte Cassino. By this point, Fifth Army had been reinforced by a second American corps, II Corps, commanded by Major General Geoffrey Keyes. By the end of November Clarks Fifth Army had almost doubled in size, with the addition of French General Alphonse Juins French Expeditionary Corps, from 130,247 men to 243,827. VI Corps, with its experience of amphibious landings at Salerno, was chosen for the assault and withdrawn from the line and they made a second attempt to capture Monte Cassino in conjunction with the amphibious assault by VI Corps, which again failed. VI Corps landed at Anzio, unopposed, on 22 January 1944 in Operation Shingle, the fault, however, was not due to Lucass incompetence, it was due instead to wishful thinking, faulty operational planning, and the German armys ability to respond forcefully and aggressively. After the failure of Shingle, a reorganisation took place. Previously the Apennines had been the rough dividing line between Fifth and Eighth Armies, however, the dividing line was shifted westwards, to allow the concentration of both armies on the western side of Italy for maximum firepower to break through to Rome. British V Corps was left on the Adriatic coast to pin down any German units there, Fifth Army was relieved of responsibility for Cassino and the final phases of that battle saw Indian, New Zealand and finally Polish troops thrown against the fortress

28.
United States Army South
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It is headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. U. S. Army South conducts and supports multinational operations, Southern Command area of responsibility in order to counter transnational threats and strengthen regional security in defense of the homeland. On 8 Mar.1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed an Isthmian Canal Commission, composed primarily of Army officers, to govern the Canal Zone and to report directly to the Secretary of War. In 1907, President Roosevelt appointed Army Lt. Col. George W. Goethals to the post of Chief Engineer of the ICC, on 4 Oct.1911, a regiment of the U. S. Army 10th Infantry arrived at Camp E. S. Otis, on the Pacific side of the isthmus, together these troops, under the control of the ICC, were known as the Panama Canal Guard. On 1 July 1917, the Panama Canal Department was established as a geographic command with headquarters at Quarry Heights. Units included the 19th Brigade, composed of the 14th and 33rd Infantry, the 42nd Field Artillery, the 11th Engineers, and special troops. By 1939, the strength in the Canal Zone was about 14,000 and by early 1940. In January 1943, the troop strength peaked at just over 67,000, as the Coastal Defense Network grew to include guns, barrage balloons. Army aircraft patrolled the Caribbean Sea searching for enemy German submarines, thus was the principle of unified commands established and the U. S. Caribbean Command was designated on 1 Nov.1947. On 15 Nov.1947, the Panama Canal Department became U. S. Army Caribbean, one of its primary missions, from 1951 to 1999, was the task of keeping jungle warfare alive in the Army. Fort Sherman became the home for USARCARIB’s Jungle Warfare Training Center, many Soldiers destined for Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War first received their jungle training at Fort Sherman. On 6 June 1963, the United States Caribbean Command was re-designated as the United States Southern Command, to reflect primary responsibility in Central and South America, meanwhile, the United States Army Caribbean was re-designated the United States Army Forces Southern Command. During the 1970s, the troop strengths averaged between 10,000 and 14,000 soldiers. On 4 December 1986, the United States Army South was activated as a Major Army Command, operation Just Cause, the United States military action used to depose Panamanian dictator, General Manuel Antonio Noriega, was officially conducted from 20 December 1989 to 31 January 1990. United States Army South Headquarters became the Headquarters for Joint Task Force-South, during the Panama Invasion the total troop numbers increased to 27,000. Of these,13,000 were already stationed in Panama and 14,000 were flown in from the United States. As part of a larger Army transformation in response to the demands of post-9/11 operations worldwide, in addition, U. S. Army South incorporated the lineage and hearldry from Sixth U. S. Army

29.
United States Army Special Operations Command
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The United States Army Special Operations Command is the command charged with overseeing the various special operations forces of the United States Army. Headquartered at Fort Bragg, NC, it is the largest component of the United States Special Operations Command. Its mission is to organize, train, educate, man, equip, fund, administer, mobilize, deploy and sustain Army special operations forces to successfully conduct worldwide special operations. These missions make special forces unique in the U. S. military, often SF units are required to perform additional, or collateral, activities outside their primary missions. These collateral activities are coalition warfare/support, combat search and rescue, security assistance, peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, humanitarian de-mining and counter-drug operations. In 2016, the 1st Special Forces Command manages seven Special Forces Groups, psychological Operations is a part of the broad range of U. S. political, military, economic and ideological activities used by the U. S. government to secure national objectives. Used during peacetime, contingencies and declared war these activities are not forms of force, persuading rather than compelling physically, they rely on logic, fear, desire or other mental factors to promote specific emotions, attitudes or behaviors. The ultimate objective of U. S. PSYOP is to enemy, neutral. In addition to supporting commanders, PSYOP units provide interagency strategic influence capabilities to other U. S. government agencies, in operations ranging from humanitarian assistance to drug interdiction, PSYOP enhances the impact of those agencies’ actions. Their activities can be used to spread information about ongoing programs, the 95th Civil Affairs Brigade enable military commanders and U. S. Ambassadors to improve relationships with various stakeholders in an area to meet the objectives of the U. S. government. 95th Civil Affairs Brigade units can deploy to remote areas with small villages. They may be involved in prevention, management, and recovery. 95th Civil Affairs Brigade soldiers are soldiers first, but are adept at working in foreign environments, Brigade teams may work for months or years in remote areas of a host nation. Together the units of the brigade ensure that U. S. Army Special Operations Forces are equipped to perform their missions, the 528th Sustainment Brigade is capable of deploying three Army Support Operations Teams in support of three ARSOF-based Special Operations Task Forces or a SOF-based JTF. ARSOF Liaison Elements soldiers are embedded in Army regional theaters’ staff and they plan and coordinate with theater Army, Special Operations Command and Army Special Operations Command to ensure support during operations and training. As a theater Army staff member, these officers and non-commissioned officers’ knowledge of theater-specific requirements, the medical section is robust enough to provide combat health support on an area basis for approximately 450 personnel. Communications expertise allows ARSOF to shoot, move and communicate on a continuous basis, Soldiers assigned to ARSOF units are taught to operate and maintain a vast array of unique equipment not normally used by their conventional counterparts

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Surface Deployment and Distribution Command
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The command is responsible for surface transportation and is the interface between DOD shippers and the commercial transportation carrier industry. This includes movement of DOD member household goods and privately owned vehicles, SDDC is the USAs largest customer to the moving industry with more than 500,000 household goods moves a year. The command also provides transportation for troops and materiel to ports of departure in the U. S, Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command traces its organizational lineage to the Armys former Office of the Chief of Transportation, established 31 July 1942. Fourteen years later, the Defense Department established an agency to carry out traffic management functions. On 1 May 1956, SDDCs original mandate began when the Secretary of Defense designated the Secretary of the Army as the manager for military traffic within the United States. On 1 July 1956, the Army established the Military Traffic Management Agency to carry out those single-manager functions, originally, MTMA did not operate military ocean terminals, a function held by the U. S. Army Transportation Terminal Command. The original MTMA did not feature port commands but did include five offices, eastern, western, central, southwestern. This arrangement essentially lasted until 1965, only the Oakland headquarters remained the same after that time. MTMA and then DTMS called the field offices traffic regions, MTMA lasted only five and one half years. Then, as part of his overall DOD restructuring, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara transferred the organization to the newly established Defense Supply Agency, on 1 January 1962, he re-designated MTMA as the Defense Traffic Management Service. The United States Army Materiel Command then took over the military ocean terminals, however, DOD and congressional concerns over duplication in military logistics soon led to further reorganizations. To execute this centralized management concept, a joint service planning staff formed up to establish an agency, DOD then formally activated MTMTS as a jointly staffed Army major command on 15 February 1965. MTMTS assumed all responsibilities assigned to the Defense Traffic Management Service, the formation of the Military Traffic Management and Terminal Service resulted in tremendous change in the commands organization. Since MTMTS now operated military ocean terminals, it focused its area command structure on ports, upon the commands formation the former eastern traffic region headquarters moved to Brooklyn Army Terminal in Brooklyn, NY, and became Eastern Area. Western Area headquarters remained at Oakland, CA, MTMTS abolished the southwestern and southeastern field offices. For two years, however, MTMTS retained its central command in St. Louis, MO. To streamline operations further, the command then disestablished that headquarters in early 1967, MTMS maintained its Eastern Area Headquarters at Brooklyn, N. Y. until September 1975 when it moved Bayonne N. J. In 1966 the Transportation Engineering Agency, Fort Eustis, VA, MTMTS provided support for the Vietnam War through cargo operations at its Military Ocean Terminals at Oakland CA, Bayonne, New Jersey and Sunny Point, NC as well as commercial ports

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United States Army Cyber Command
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U. S. Army Cyber Command is the Army service component command supporting U. S. Cyber Command, for information dominance of cyberspace operations. The command is intended to be the Armys single point of contact for external organizations regarding cyberspace, the single point of contact is accomplished by dual-hatting the single commander for Cyber Command and Second Army. ARCYBER was established on 1 October 2010 and its first commander was Lt. Gen. Rhett A. Hernandez, its second commander was Lt. Gen. Edward C. As of 14 October 2016 the current commander is Lt. Gen. Paul M. Nakasone, Army Cyber is the Army service component command supporting U. S. Cyber Command. 2d Battalion - Conducts Army cyber opposing force operations at military training centers worldwide, the command was originally announced to be named Army Forces Cyber Command. The command was established on Oct. ober 1,2010 with the name Army Cyber Command, there are plans for the command to move to Fort Gordon, in Augusta, Georgia home of the services Signal Center and Signal Corps. Fort Gordon is now home to the United States Army Cyber Center of Excellence, Home of the U. S Army Cyber Corps and Signal Corps. PLA Unit 61398 United States Cyber Command U. S. Army Cyber News U. S. Army Cyber Command Army Cyber Command NCOs take hands-on tour at U. S. Army Womens Museum

32.
Second United States Army
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Second Army was most recently located at Fort Belvoir, Virginia as a Direct Reporting Unit to Headquarters U. S. Army, Chief Information Officer /G-6. This mission ended after a 2017 reorganization, and Second Army was inactivated, Second Army, American Expeditionary Forces, was established in October 1918 during World War I and demobilized in April 1919. A new Second Army operated from 1933 to 1966, and 1983 to 1995, as a training army in the continental United States. On 1 October 2010, U. S. Army Cyber Command was formed as the Army service component command supporting U. S. Cyber Command, commanded by Lt. Gen. Rhett A. Hernandez. On 6 March 2014, Army headquarters activated Second Army as a reporting unit of Army CIO/G-6 with Commander, ARCYBER. The history of the Second Army began as an army on the battlefields of France in the waning days of World War I. Bullard, a Spanish–American War veteran, earned Pershings confidence and reputation as a commander, after leading the 1st Infantry Division during the battle of Cantigny. At Cantigny, Bullard delivered the first American victory of the war, bullard’s orders for Second Army were to hold the line on a portion of the St. Mihiel sector along the Lorraine front. In November, General Pershing ordered Second Army to advance toward Metz, Bullard subsequently launched rigorous attacks against the Germans on 10 November. The 7th, 28th, 33rd, and 92nd divisions, then on the Second Army front, during its first month of combat operations,102 soldiers serving under Second Army earned the Distinguished Service Cross. After the armistice, Second Army occupied an area in Belgium and Luxembourg, remaining there until the end of March 1919, Second Army earned distinction as a training army during World War II, preparing nearly one million men to fight. The U. S. Army activated a new Second Army in October 1933, with headquarters at Chicago, Illinois, in December 1940, the Army moved Second Army’s headquarters to Memphis, Tennessee, and designated it as a training army, which conducted training in 24 states. In June 1944, the Army reconstituted the World War I Second Army, AEF, and consolidated it with the existing Second Army in order to perpetuate the lineage and honors of the World War I unit. During World War II, Second Army trained 11 corps,55 divisions, Second Army continued its training role after the war. In June 1946, Second Army moved its headquarters to Baltimore, Maryland, Second Army encompassed the seven states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, and the District of Columbia. In June 1947, Second Army Headquarters moved to Fort George G. Meade, on 1 January 1957, the Army redesignated Second Army as Second United States Army, as one of the six Zone of Interior Armies of the United States. At the height of the Cold War, Second U. S. Army helped mobilize forces for potential conflict. During the September 1961 Berlin Crisis, Second U. S. Army mobilized 39 National Guard and Army Reserve units in the seven state area and eight Army Reserve units from other Army areas

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United States Army Medical Command
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The U. S. Army Medical Command is a direct reporting unit of the U. S. MEDCOM is commanded by the Army Surgeon General, currently Lt. Gen. Nadja West. The Surgeon General is also head of the U. S. Army Medical Department, MEDCOM is divided into Regional Health Commands that oversee day-to-day operations and exercise command and control over the Medical Treatment Facilities in their regions. S. U. S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Warrior Transition Command U. S. Army Dental Command MEDCOM maintains day-to-day health care for soldiers, retired soldiers, many Army medical facilities report on their own quality-of-care standards on their individual website. When Army field hospitals deploy, most clinical professional and support personnel come from MEDCOMs fixed facilities, in addition to support of combat operations, deployments can be for humanitarian assistance, peacekeeping, and other stability and support operations. Under the Professional Officer Filler System, up to 26 percent of MEDCOM physicians and 43 percent of MEDCOM nurses are sent to field units during a full deployment, to replace PROFIS losses, Reserve units and Individual Mobilization Augmentees are mobilized to work in medical treatment facilities. The department also provides trained medical specialists to the Armys combat medical units, many Army Reserve and Army National Guard units deploy in support of the Army Medical Department. The Army depends heavily on its Reserve component for medical support—about 63 percent of the Armys medical forces are in the Reserve component. As the post–Cold War Army shrank, the U. S. Army’s Health Services Command decided to change the way it did business, in 1992, HSC launched “Gateway To Care”, a businesslike approach to health-care delivery. This was to be localized managed care, with improved quality, access, in a design based more on catchment-area management than the previous “CHAMPUS Reform Initiative”, U. S. Army hospital commanders received more responsibility and managerial authority. Eleven “Gateway to Care sites opened in the spring of 1992, by that fall, all HSC facilities had submitted business plans which were favorably received. Starting in 1994, “Gateway To Care” was gradually absorbed into a new regional Defense Department tri-service managed-care plan called TRICARE, in August 1993, the U. S. Army Chief of Staff approved a plan to reorganize the AMEDD. The merger of several medical elements resulted in a new, expanded medical major command under the Surgeon General, in October 1993, the U. S. Army Medical Command began a one-year process of replacing HSC and absorbing other AMEDD elements. Surgeon General Lt. Gen. Alcide M. LaNoue commanded the provisional MEDCOM, the next month, seven MEDCEN commanders assumed command and control over care in their regions. The new Health Service Support Areas, under the MEDCOM, had responsibility and authority than the old HSC regions. The MRDALC was soon renamed the U. S. Army Medical Research, then, in June 1994, an additional HSSA was formed to supervise medical care in Europe, replacing the 7th Medical Command, which inactivated. That summer, the Army Environmental Hygiene Agency formed the basis of the provisional Center for Health Promotion, thus, in an unprecedented process of unification, U. S. Army medicine gradually came together in a new home under the command of the Surgeon General. Except for the medical units commanded by the combat commanders. The MEDCOM became fully operational, dropping the provisional, in October 1994, in 1996, the HSSAs were renamed Regional Medical Commands

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United States Army Criminal Investigation Command
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The United States Army Criminal Investigation Command investigates felony crimes and serious violations of military law within the United States Army. By position, the USACIDC commanding general is also the Armys Provost Marshal General. S, CID special agents may be military personnel, or appointed civilian personnel. USACIDC was established as a United States Army command in 1971 and is headquartered at Marine Corps Base, Quantico, worldwide, the organization has slightly fewer than 3,000 soldiers and civilians, of whom approximately 900 are special agents. The newly created Criminal Investigation Division was headed by a chief who served as the advisor to the Provost Marshal General on all matters relating to criminal investigations. However, operational control of CID still remained with individual provost marshals, at the end of the war, the United States Army was reduced in size during the transition to peacetime and the size of CID shrank dramatically. However, by early 1942, investigations of crimes committed by military personnel were considered to be a command function to be conducted by local military police personnel. As the Army had expanded, the rate had risen. The organization exercised supervision over criminal activities, coordinated investigations between commands, dictated plans and policies, and set standards for criminal investigators. After the war, the CID was once again decentralized, with control of criminal investigations transferred to area commands in the 1950s, beginning in 1965, criminal investigative elements were reorganized into CID groups corresponding to geographical areas in the United States. In 1966, the concept was introduced to units in Europe, however, this arrangement did not fully resolve all the coordination problems, and in 1969, the U. S. Army Criminal Investigation Agency was established to supervise all CID operations worldwide. On 17 September 1971, the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command was established as a major Army command, vested with command, Military Special Agent candidates must be currently serving in the active Army or Army Reserve. There are no active Army National Guard CID units, candidates must be enlisted soldiers who are US citizens, at least 21 years of age, and in the ranks of E4 or E5. Candidates must have demonstrated leadership potential, management abilities and good communication skills. CID does not employ Commissioned Officers as Special Agents, CID Battalions and Brigades are commanded by Commissioned Officers from the Military Police Corps. These officers do not supervise the conduct of criminal investigations, Criminal investigations are conducted by field Special Agents and are typically supervised by senior Warrant Officer Special Agents. Military Special Agent candidates initially receive training at the US Army Military Police School at Fort Leonard Wood, for official photographs, and certain duty assignments, they wear the uniforms, rank and insignia of any other soldier of their respective ranks. The design of the sleeve insignia has the central star. Red, white, and blue are the national colors, the CID distinctive unit insignia has a central star symbolizing centralized command

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United States Army Corps of Engineers
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The United States Army Corps of Engineers, also sometimes shortened to CoE is a U. S. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, the Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U. S. hydropower capacity. The corps mission is to Deliver vital public and military engineering services, partnering in peace and war to strengthen our Nations security, energize the economy and their most visible missions include, Planning, designing, building, and operating locks and dams. Other civil engineering projects include flood control, beach nourishment, design and construction of flood protection systems through various federal mandates. Design and construction management of military facilities for the Army, Air Force, Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve and other Defense and Federal agencies. The history of United States Army Corps of Engineers can be traced back to 16 June 1775, colonel Richard Gridley became General George Washingtons first chief engineer, however, it was not until 1779 that Congress created a separate Corps of Engineers. One of its first tasks was to build fortifications near Boston at Bunker Hill, the first Corps of Engineers was mostly composed of French subjects who had been hired by General Washington from the service of Louis XVI. that the said Corps. Shall be stationed at West Point in the State of New York, until 1866, the superintendent of the United States Military Academy was always an officer of engineer. During the first half of the 19th century, West Point was the major and, for a while, the General Survey Act of 1824 authorized the use of Army engineers to survey road and canal routes. Separately authorized on 4 July 1838, the U. S and it was merged with the Corps of Engineers on 31 March 1863, at which point the Corps of Engineers also assumed the Lakes Survey District mission for the Great Lakes. In 1841, Congress created the Lake Survey, the survey, based in Detroit, Mich. was charged with conducting a hydrographical survey of the Northern and Northwestern Lakes and preparing and publishing nautical charts and other navigation aids. The Lake Survey published its first charts in 1852, in the mid-19th century, Corps of Engineers officers ran Lighthouse Districts in tandem with U. S. Naval officers. The Army Corps of Engineers played a significant role in the American Civil War, many of the men who would serve in the top leadership in this institution were West Point graduates who rose to military fame and power during the Civil War. Some of these men were Union Generals George McClellan, Henry Halleck, George Meade, and Confederate generals Robert E. Lee, Joseph Johnston, the versatility of officers in the Army Corps of Engineers contributed to the success of numerous missions throughout the Civil War. They were responsible for building pontoon and railroad bridges, forts and batteries, the destruction of supply lines. The Army Corps of Engineers served as a function in making the war effort logistically feasible. This method of building trenches was known as the zigzag pattern, from the beginning, many politicians wanted the Corps of Engineers to contribute to both military construction and works of a civil nature. During World War II the mission grew to more than 27,000 military, included were aircraft, tank assembly, and ammunition plants, camps for 5.3 million soldiers, depots, ports, and hospitals, as well as the Manhattan Project, and the Pentagon

In June 2009, Armed Services Committee senators Joe Lieberman, Carl Levin (chair), and John McCain, listen to Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus deliver his opening remarks for the fiscal year 2010 budget request in June 2009.

United States Army Africa (USARAF), also known as the Southern European Task Force (SETAF), is the United States Army …

Shoulder sleeve insignia

U.S. Army Africa Commander Maj. Gen. David R. Hogg gives kudos to members of the 490th Civil Affairs Battalion for coordinating the distribution of more than 5,000 backpacks for school children at 16 schools in the Ali Sabieh area