Drug Trade Research Paper

During the mid 90s, Afghanistan surpassed Myanmar, as the leading producer and exporter of opium in the world. Their rise has been attributed to the increased violence and anti-government organizations giving drug lords the ability to operate without much interference from the government. Afghanistan has extremely fertile lands, which makes growing poppy plants (opium is extracted from the poppy seed) very profitable considering the total opium market value is around $4 billion per year. The lack of governmental intervention coupled with the well suited growing conditions make Afghanistan along with other countries in the Middle East, the perfect manufacturing and shipping or distribution plant of opium in the world. Even though opium is used highly in western medicine when making morphine-based drugs to help relieve pain, opium in the drug trade most often comes in the illegal form of heroin; one of the most abused and highly addictive drugs used recreationally across the globe. Prolonged use causes dependency and constipation, along with the increased risk of contracting blood borne diseases such as HIV or hepatitis. Death by overdose is very prominent as well, around 100,000 per year die from heroin overdose, and around 30,000 of those deaths occur in Russia. “Afghan drug production is an international rather than a local or regional threat,” Russia’s drug control chief, Viktor Ivanov has said. The United States, along with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) have combined resources to eradicate the drug trade in the Middle East, spending close to $500 million this year, and around $6 billion in the past 10 years to try and get farmers to convert their crops, along with bombing already existing poppy fields with no avail. The drug trade out of Afghanistan has not been affected. While in Columbia, the United States paid a small fraction of that spraying existing coca fields with chemicals along with paying farmers to convert their crops, which has proven to be successful in decreasing the narcotic activity of the region. Which leads me to the topic of this paper, why aren’t the efforts of the United States, NATO, and the Russian government having an effect on decreasing the drug trade out of Afghanistan? One of the first things that came to mind when considering this issue was that there has been anti-drug operations carried out in other countries, which have resulted in significant declines in drug production. For example, Columbia, one of the largest producers and manufacturers of cocaine, which comes from the coca plant. When the United States partnered up with the Colombian government to solve the drug problem, they spent a total of around $700 million on aerial spraying of the coca plant fields along with paying farmers to convert their coca plant fields into growing other crops. It is possible for governments to solve their countries drug problems, but the one in Afghanistan has had significantly more resources poured into finding a solution but the opium production and trade continues to rise. My opinion to why I think that even through the frivolous efforts of these large organizations there has still not been an effect on decreasing the drug trafficking out of Afghanistan has mostly to do with the sheer size of the network. Afghanistan has produced on average from 2006-2012 somewhere between 6,000 and 7,000 tons of opium per year, resulting in about 95% of the heroin consumed globally per annum. With a total market price of around $33 billion per year, this is one of the main reasons why farmers would rather grow opium as opposed to any other sort of crops (Numbers taken from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime from World Drug Report 2012). With a market that large and that valuable, the number of people tied to it could be incredibly large, and trying arrest or track everyone involved would take a very long time as well as countless resources. The war and conflicts occurring in the middle east at this time are also increasing the number of farmers living in poverty, so they are more willing to take the risks of opium production in order to make enough money to feed and support their families. All of these factors are just facilitating the opium market in Afghanistan regardless of the outside resources being put in to prevent it. Unless there is an strong effort from the governments of the countries being affected by the opium trade to really crack down and eliminate or substantially decrease the amount opium being imported into their countries, I do not think we will really be able to make a dent in the Afghanistan opium market. The theory behind this idea comes from is that instead of trying to spend money on farmers trying to convert their crops or trying to spray the poppy fields with chemicals, if governments spent more resources on eradicating the opium problem from their own countries, for example Russia, then the producers in Afghanistan would have very few people to sell to leading to a massive decrease in the market. Many of the arguments surrounding the Afghanistan opium market revolve around the one basic principle, that once we eliminate the narcotics trade in Afghanistan, this will lead to much easier solutions to other problems in the area along with throughout the world. One of the biggest problems is what the opium market does for everyone involved. It provides farmers with security and protection, it pays the producers and traffickers very well, making it worth the risk, along with providing an extra stream of cash into powerful groups and officials who are a part of the Taliban as well as government workers. There are a lot of skeptics who argue that with the withdrawal of the NATO troops this only decreases the chances of success. “The withdrawal is one worry. As the money from the Western military and civilian aid programs dwindles, the relative importance of opium to the economy is likely only to increase, said Jean-Luc Lemahieu, the director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Afghanistan.” There is much talk that none of the efforts will be successful due to a decrease in support and funding from both the United States government along with NATO and other European countries. Adding to it, the amount of people who would stop benefiting from a decrease in the opium trade means that the anti-drug groups in the region have received much negativity and opposition making their job even harder than it already is.
There was a Chemical Bill trying to be passed during the George Bush Jr. Presidency, which was modeled after a very similar one that was adopted by Colombia, which would have allowed for aerial spraying of the opium fields to kill off the plants; but there were two issues with this bill. The first issue was that no one really believed the sprays involved would only affect the poppy plants and not have an adverse reaction in the environment, causing harm to the surrounding lands. The second issue with the Chemical Bill was that diplomats believed it would drive the poppy seed farmers further into poverty, in turn forcing them resort to turning to the Taliban for assistance which would only help the terrorist organization gain in power. One of the main reasons for the push to eradicate the opium trade out of Afghanistan is that the Taliban, an Islamic fundamentalist group that uses terrorism to spread their ideologies and attempt to gain political control, uses the opium trade as one of the main sources for their income to help supply them with weapons and transportation. Acquiring around $150 million per year from the drug trade out of Afghanistan, it is apparent how big of an impact it there would be if the narcotic market were to be severely impacted. This leads into the idea that a eliminating the opium market in Afghanistan would then lead to an overall wellbeing of the country, eliminating a major terror organization and hopefully bringing more peace to the area.
There is also a very strong tie with the drug trade’s influence over government officials and the police. Even though the job of the police is to locate areas with heavy illegal drug activity and arrest those involved, many of the police officers in the nation are reaping the benefits from being involved in one way or another with the opium trade. This leads to many problems. For starters, it goes against the duty of the police to be involved with any sort of criminal activity. They are supposed to be aiding the public by eliminating or reducing criminal activity; their strong involvement in the opium industry only perpetuates the problem. On a much larger scale though, opium cartels in Afghanistan have started to develop and this brings rise to competition. The police in one area will specifically send a raid team to a competing opium production facility in order to maintain continued security and payment from the opium cartel that they are supporting and involved with. This poses as one of the biggest problems of all, because if the United States and NATO are sending in troops and resources to try and combat the opium trade, many of the officials the troops would be working with would then be corrupt, leading to a waste of time and resources. One of the other arguments made on to why the opium trade may not be seeing a decline comes from Afghanistan’s deputy counter-narcotics minister, Ibrahim Azhar, “While Kremlin leaders pay lip service working to halt the flow of drugs from my country into Russia, they have little to actually show for it. They make loud statements to maintain their image and confidence in them…these statements have been made before but have not resulted in any success.” Coming from an Afghani official, he believes that Russia is not doing enough in their part to help eradicate the drug trade. Azhar believes that much of the opium problem in Afghanistan stems from Russia’s high demand for the drug, leading to increased illegal activity in order to transport the processed opium from Afghanistan to Russia. As previously stated, Russia accounts for around 30,000 of the total deaths per year by cause of heroin/opium overdose. This leads us to believe that there is a much higher amount of opium that is being illegally trafficked from Afghanistan to Russia. Now if Azhar is correct, that Russia is not doing enough to eradicate the drug problem, then this could very well be solution to the problem. When told of Azhar’s comment on Russia not doing enough to aid in the decline of the opium trade, Russia’s drug control chief Viktor Ivanov blamed NATO for their lack of ability to properly fight the poppy cultivation in Afghanistan during its 12 years of fighting the Taliban extremists. There is a trend of pointing fingers here. Each organization or country does not want to be fully blamed and have the responsibility for not being successful in his or her attempts to put an end to the massive opium trade coming out of Afghanistan.
This brings me to the argument that I find most convincing comes from Zarar Ahmed Muqbel Osmani, the minister for counternarcotic. He has been a forefront leader in increasing the poppy eradication efforts to make it possible for farmers to grow other crops and has been lobbying for an alternate crop program. When asked what it would take to really affect the Afghani’s drug problem, “Political will.” This is statement was very powerful to me when I read it. The problem lies in the infrastructure of the government. For so many years the people of Afghanistan have relied heavily on the opium trade as a means for survival; even people who aren’t as poor as the farmers such as the police officers and the government officials are deeply connected with the opium market. Everyone has become so used to the lifestyle that it brings, a constant flow of cash and security, that they do not realize its affects outside of their country. Where HIV and other blood born pathogens are running rampant as more and more people get a hold of the heroin and other morphine based products that are derived from the poppy plant. Now Afghanistan is not all to blame for the deaths and spread of these diseases, because there are other countries that grow the poppy and process it into opium. Since Afghanistan cultivates almost 5 times as much opium poppy than all other countries combined, it is safe to assume that a solution to the opium trade out of Afghanistan would significantly decrease the amount of heroin and other opiates available worldwide leading to a decline in the number of people contracting and transmitting blood born pathogens. A more realistic example of this situation can be found in the following situation. Country A is a country that uses Now if the solution to the drug trade in Afghanistan lies in the lack current lack of political will, what would this mean for the countries and organizations such as Russia, the United States, and NATO’s efforts spending time and resources trying to combat the trade? It means that no matter how much money and resources are spent trying to solve the problem, it will be almost impossible for any real progress to be made without the full support of the Afghani government. This means that until the corrupt officials and police officers are brought to justice and realize the global effects of their actions, it will be extremely difficult for outside forces to make any dent in the opium trade. Some of the empirical indicators that would give way to validating this potential solution to the problem would be along the lines of other examples where an increase in political will was able to solve a problem. Plan Colombia is a perfect example of this. In the year 2000, President Andres Pastrana pledged $4 billion of Colombian resources in order to fight the narcotics trade (growing the coca plant and its manufacturing and processing into cocaine) and to help bring peace to the region. The rest of the resources came internationally, and the United States provided around $700 million in support of the movement. Plan Colombia was successful, resulting in a 12.8% decrease in production of cocaine that would reach the consumer markets (about 52,000 kilograms) from 2000 to 2006, an elimination of around 40,000 hectares of coca producing land. I believe one of the biggest reasons that Plan Colombia was this successful was due to the fact that President Andres Pastrana was the forefront of the operation. He willingly was able to take action and get results. It also helped that there were not as many corrupt officials in the government and police officers in Colombia during this time. Pastrana was able to summon the help of international organizations, such as the United States, because he knew it was a difficult task and would require more resources than he could provide. This strong political will of the government in Colombia is one of the reasons it was such a success. With this information, we can understand more what Afghanistan could be doing wrong in trying to make a negative impact on the opium trade. Many of their leaders recognize the problem, and many of them are doing as much as they can to, but until the whole government is on board, and the corrupt police and officials either change their ways or are apprehended, then a successful mission to eliminate the Afghani drug problem cannot be accomplished.
I acquired the evidence for this paper from various sources, including articles in the New York Times, published papers on the matter, official documents released by the United States State Department, as well as information found on the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime website. All sources were cited and footnoted. Some of the graphs on the World Drug Report from 2012 sent out by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime deemed very resourceful when finding out numbers that were needed when discussing the production and exportation of opium and opium related products coming out of Afghanistan. Below are a few charts that I used heavily when acquiring this data, taken from the 2012 World Drug Report.

In conclusion, there is a serious drug problem going on in Afghanistan, not only affecting the lives of the locals, but the lives of people across the globe. A solution to this problem could also help solve many of the current disputes that are occurring in the country right now. Judging from past events, a strong backing from the Afghani government should make progress in eradicating poppy fields along with decreasing the drug trade various other countries. The problem could be much deeper than that though, and a simple change in the mindset of the government could have no affect at all.

...Organized Crime and Drug Trade
Organized crime and the illicit drug trade is a fairly recent ordeal occurring throughout the world, both strongly linked with drug trafficking. Organized crime refers to the unlawful activities of the members of a highly organized, disciplined association engaged in supplying illegal goods and services, including gambling, prostitution, loan- sharking, narcotics, and labor racketeering (Schmalleger, 2011, pg.234). Drug trafficking, which is a type of organized crime, consists of manufacturing, distributing, dispensing, importing, and exporting (or possessing with intent to do the same) a controlled or counterfeit substance (Schmalleger, 2011). These two come hand in hand because the powerful people/ organizations from different parts of the world are the ones who control the illicit drug trade industry. Without the drug traffickers the industry would consist of suppliers who would have no way to deliver their product to the consumer. It is estimated that the illegal drug trade generates up to 500 billion dollars a year, making it the second most lucrative industry after the arms industry (Jenner, 2011). The reason drug trafficking occurs can be due to the high consumption of illicit drugs throughout the world which in turn fuels this business. Like any other industry, there will always be organizations that control it. For example in the automotive industry in the U.S., “the big three” – GM, Chrysler, and Ford are the ones who dominate it,......

...“‘gateway drug’ to other illicit substances [such as] marijuana, cocaine, Ecstasy or heroin.”(2)
Marijuana, also known as “weed” or “pot”, is the next most common drug taken by adolescents. Marijuana contains a “chemical…called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, [also known as], THC.” (4. “Marijuana.” NIDA for Teens. USA.gov. March 2012 <http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php>) THC is the “mind-altering ingredient” (4) that gives marijuana so much appeal. “In 2011, 6.6 percent of 12th graders reported using marijuana daily, compared to 5.0 percent in 2006.” (4) Some of the more prominent effects of are “memory [loss], judgment, perception, slower reaction time, and increasing heart rate.” (4) As a result of these side effects, marijuana is illegal in every state in the U.S.. However California, “as of January 1, 2011, legalized the possession and growth of medical marijuana,” (5. “Guide to California’s Marijuana Laws.” California NRML. 2011. <http://www.canorml.org/canormlmission.html>) because it can have some good effects on extremely ill patients. Even with that exception, marijuana is still extremely addictive and life altering.
There is currently no known “cure” for a marijuana addiction, but there are rehab groups, just as there are rehab groups for recovering alcoholics. Both drugs can be extremely dangerous, and change the course of teenager’s lives in a matter of moments. At the end of the day, it is best to just say “D! I won’t do......

...Drug Testing In The Workplace
Drug Testing in the workplace can seem impersonal and invasive towards employees but it is a process that is done when an employer has reasonable suspicion that employees are using drugs at work coming from a variety of sources such as tips, accidents or behavioral problems, actual observation of drug use, and symptoms of drug usage. Today businesses feel that they have to be well aware that their workplace is a drug free place and that their employees are stable and productive and in doing so, employers result to drug testing. Many feel that drug testing is a good tool to use to have an ideal workplace culture and that most would feel like they have nothing to hide so why object? But not everyone feels the same, others do feel that drug testing like said before, is a violation of privacy and has no sense to be done. Even though one can feel this way that doesn’t make that employee a drug user just that most actually feel that drug testing is degrading. Drug abuse in the work place can affect performance and safety on the job and how an organization see’s it is that drug testing will help eliminate those poor factors. A clear written policy that outlines the employer’s expectations concerning drug use will allow for drug testing in a drug free workplace environment program. The program does have to include training the management on the signs and symptoms that would allow them to perceive with drug testing on employees. Also programs teach...

...PROBLEMS ON THE EFFECTS OF PEER PRESSURE TO ST. PAUL COLLEGE FOUNDATION INC. IN HAVING VICES
Hi-way Road, Bakilid Mandaue City
A research paper presented to the Students of
St. Paul College Foundation Inc.
Hi-way Road, Bakilid Mandaue City, Philippines
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN ENGLISH IV
By:
CLAIRE BLOOM LUMONTAD
BRUSETTE CASTAÑOS
YASMIN MARIE S. RODRIGO
APPROVAL SHEET
The research paper attached here is entitled “EFFECTS OF PEER PRESSURE TO ST. PAUL COLLEGE FOUNDATION INC. IN HAVING VICES” prepared and submitted by CLAIRE BLOOM LUMONTAD, BRUSETTE CASTAÑOS AND YASMIN MARIE S. RODRIGO
MS. APRIL LOUISE D. AYATON
PANELIST
MS. K-ANNIE MARIE SAYON
PANELIST
MS. DONNAHLOU LAO
PANELIST
MS. COLLEEN B. SOBREVEGA
teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wanted to take this opportunity to give thanks to people who made a great part of this research paper we have conducted. To our dear Parents, for the financial support they’ve bestowed upon us and of course their unconditional love & concern they have showed us while making these. To our adviser, Mr. Reyno Cañas, who never cease to understand us that she To Ms. Colleen Sobrevega, who had provided us the guidelines on how to come-up with this research paper and broaden more our knowledge about this. To the Panelist, Ms. April Louise D. Ayaton, Ms. K-Annie Marie Sayon, Ms. Donnahlou Lao, who exerted time to lend their ears for criticizing our work that made it better. To our respondents, who were...

...Research Paper
Child protection is an area of interest for me due to the vulnerability of children. I come from an abusive relationship where my ex-husband is addicted to heroin. During our separation the police had to be called a few times, because of that I learnt so much when it came to protecting my own children. I currently work as a day care provider, providing a safe place for children to come while their parents are at work. Doing this type of work (and because of my children having a father that will be absent most of their lives) I have done a lot of research about the developing brain and attachment. Understanding about brain development and attachment are essential in raising a healthy child. I strongly believe that attachment theory is necessary in Educational Assistant curriculum due to the impact that attachment has on the developing brain.
The journal article that I researched was “The Enduring Effects of Abuse and Related Adverse Experiences in Childhood: A Convergence of Evidence from Neurobiology and Epidemiology”. The article discussed the impact of abnormal stress on the developing brain. Evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences such as, “childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, as well as, household dysfunction including, parental drug or alcohol use, loss of family members, incarceration of family member or witnessing domestic violence” affect the “health and quality of life throughout the lifespan” (Anda et al., 2005, p...

...Running head: DRUG PROFILE PAPER
Drug Profile Paper
Sherita Brown
Axia College of UOP
Drug Profile Paper
In this paper I will examine abused substances and their various effects; I will also explain the psychology and Physiology of drug addiction. Addiction begins as a high, as an illusion of being in control, but it eventually turns on the individual. The results are pathological relationships to a mood altering experience that brings negative, life destructive consequences.
People become addicted to drugs due to a combination of factors. For example, genetic factors: some people may inherit a vulnerability to the addictive properties of drugs, meaning that the risk of substance use disorders is higher for individuals who have close relatives with substance abuse disorders (www.drugpolicy.org). The environment is another factor, for example, the home; neighborhood or community where people live has an influence on whether or not an individual develops a substance abuse problem. Additionally, research shows that more than half of people with substance problems also have mental health issues such as anxiety or depression. We can become addicted to anything that alters the consciousness and alters the mood.
Psychological characteristics of an addict are more impulsive and more lacking in impulse control, they are inclined to act in accordance with their mood of the moment and tend not to plan for the future. The most common illegal stimulant is cocaine......

... RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENT DRUG ABUSE
NIH GUIDE, Volume 25, Number 37, November 1, 1996
PA NUMBER: PA-97-005
P.T. 34, AA
Keywords:
Drugs/Drug Abuse
National Institute on Drug Abuse
PURPOSE
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is firmly committed to support of research in the area of adolescent drug abuse. The purpose of this program announcement (PA) is to encourage further investigations in this area, particularly with regard to gaps in current knowledge.
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000
The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2000," a PHS-led national activity for setting priority areas. This PA, Research on Adolescent Drug Abuse, is related to the priority area of alcohol and other drugs. Potential applicants may obtain a copy of "Healthy People 2000" (Full Report: Stock No. 017-001-00474-0 or Summary Report: Stock No. 017-001-00473-1) through the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 (telephone 202-512-1800).
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
...

...English 101-26
14 October 2014
Research Paper: Why Airport Security Should Be Stronger
When we think of airport security, it’s words like “ugh” or “phew” that come about in our minds because we all know how frustrating getting onto airplanes can be. We have to be body searched, our bags have to go through an airport baggage system, and flights may get delayed due to natural causes. While it is true that airport security is an impatient job, it does not necessarily follow that airport security should not be stronger. September 11, 2011 will be a day that I will never forget. Being picked up from kindergarten by my mother, listening on the radio and hearing the fear in my mother’s voice, something was wrong. Being five years old, I knew very little as to what the situation was.
At 8:45 AM ET on that day, the first plane hijacked the north tower of the World Trade Center. The building goes into smoke as bodies jump to their deaths, one by one, as life flashed before their eyes. Exactly 18 minutes later, at 9:03 AM ET, the second plane crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Center. America knew that this wasn’t an accident, but this was a terrorist attack on the United States. Situations as such make me question how strong airport security really is. It is not just terrorism that I am worried about when it comes to the strength of airport’s security systems, but other situations like Ebola coming from Africa into the United States and illegal drug smuggling concerns......

...Eight Steps to Effectively Controlling Drug Abuse And the Drug Market
The United States has been fighting a losing war against drugs for decades. Budgets have increased dramatically over the last two decades and drug-related incarcerations consistently reach new records yet drug problems worsen: adolescent drug abuse is increasing, overdose deaths are at record levels, heroin and cocaine are cheaper, more pure and more available than ever before, and health problems related to drugs, especially the spread of HIV/AIDS are mounting. Meanwhile an expensive and ineffective international counter narcotics policy entails growing human rights and environmental costs. Drug problems can be reduced at less cost if we change course and adopt strategies that work. At a time when the federal budget is limited programs need to be re-evaluated. Funding needs to go to programs that work. We need new ideas to save lives – we can't afford to continue to be wrong.
Below are eight steps that are effective methods of controlling drugs and reducing drug-related harms. (To download a copy of this as a PDF, click here.)
1. Shift Resources Into Programs That Work 2. Make Treatment Available on Request Like Any Other Health Service
3. Prevent Drug Abuse By Investing in American Youth and Providing Them with Accurate Information 4. Focus Law Enforcement Resources on the Most Dangerous and Violent Criminals
5. International Drug Control Efforts Should Be Demilitarized and Focus on Economic......

...edu/mba_student
Part of the Education Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons
Repository Citation
Wang, Qingya; Chen, Wei; and Liang, Yu, "The Effects of Social Media on College Students" (2011). MBA Student Scholarship. Paper
5.
http://scholarsarchive.jwu.edu/mba_student/5
This Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the The Alan Shawn Feinstein Graduate School at ScholarsArchive@JWU. It has been
accepted for inclusion in MBA Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of ScholarsArchive@JWU. For more information, please contact
egearing@jwu.edu.
Running Head: EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON COLLEGE STUDENTS
1
The Effects of Social Media on College Students
Qingya Wang, Wei Chen, and Yu Liang
Johnson &Wales University
Feinstein Graduate School
RSCH5500-Research & Analysis
Submitted to Professor Martin Sivula, Ph.D.
November, 2011
Peer Reviewers: Frederic Juillet , Anne Catelotti, Jennifer Gay, Rohan Kichlu, Christina
L. Blundin, and Volha Ban
2
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON COLLEGE STUDENTS
Abstract
As social media sites continue to grow in popularity, it is our premise that
technology is a vital part in today’s student success equation. This descriptive,
exploratory research study drew a random sample (N=48) of males (n=26) and females
(n=22) who were administered a student perception questionnaire on how social media
affects college students. Thirty-five percent of the participants were......

...Week 9
Research Paper
COM/156
August 11, 2013
Week 9 Research Paper
“Marijuana is the finest anti-nausea medication known to science, and our leaders have lied about this consistently. [Arresting people for] medical marijuana is the most hideous example of government interference in the private lives of individuals. It’s an outrage within an outrage within an outrage”.
Peter McWilliams
Author and Advocate for Medical Marijuana
Medical Marijuana has found its place once again as the medical plant that is recognized for its healing potential and properties. How the Government has suppressed its positive potential and healing powers for over 25 years. With the help from many patients, loved ones, research departments and advocate groups to get the Government’s attention to see and understand that the terminally ill and the sick should not be treated as common criminals. They are only trying to find some peace and serenity in their last days. The struggle and fight that has been going on for the last 25 years against the Government. The people were finally heard, with the legalization of Medical Marijuana.
The Government wants to regulate everything for their own best interest, the positive effect of decriminalizing marijuana for the terminally ill and the positive economic benefits for our community.
Cannabis Sativa, Marijuana, Weed, Herb, Mary Jane these are just a few names that this little 5......

...Drug Influence Research
January 24, 2016
Thomas Alexander, PhD
The first step in the student’s guide to research is knowing how and where to search efficiently and effectively in order to find the best information for the research process. This involves determining the sources for finding information that would be useful in the research process. A research that has no valid sources is not likely to yield the desired results.
One of the major assumptions and bias that underlie drug research in the drug industry is that the studies often apply generalizations, which may not be valid on the evaluation of people. Generalizations are likely to make the researcher to inaccurately evaluate characteristics. Such generalizations may include the assumption that the side effects of a drug are common to everyone. The other bias that may affect the drug research process is based on gender; stating that males have a stronger body system and therefore require more effective drugs than females.
Arguably the most prestigious medical journal in the world, the New England Journal of Medicine regularly features articles over which pharmaceutical companies and their employees can exert significant influence.
“The billions that the drug companies invest in such experiments help fund the world’s quest for cures. But their aim is not just public health. That money is also part of a high-risk quest for profits, and over the past decade corporate interference has repeatedly muddled......

...Drug Profile Paper
5/17/16
PSY/425 Chemical Dependency in the Workplace
Stacey Lederberg
Explain the psychological and physiology of addiction:
Simply put phycology is the understanding of human behavior and physiology is the study of the physical function of humans. In the following paragraphs I will discuss the psychological and physiological issues of addiction.
According to psychologists there are a few different causes for addiction. Some people get into an addiction or harmful behavior because of an abnormality. Another reason people get into an unhealthy addiction because of the environment they are in. The last one is someone’s beliefs or thoughts create feelings that cause addiction because these feelings are not realistic.
When you think about addiction there are actually quite a few definitions. This is because there are so many substances that are addictive and each one has its own disorder. Addiction can be many things from illegal drugs, prescriptions, inhalants to gambling, hoarding, sex etc. The cause of an addiction has many factors that encompass it including biological, psychological and environmental.
Because humans are wired to seek out reward and avoid discomfort it makes sense that addictions pacify the seeking of pleasure and erase pain. In the brain of an addicted person drugs, alcohol or any other substance target the CNS (central nervous system). The substance causes a hostile takeover in the......

...International Trade
International Trade
Learning Team C
November 15, 2010
ECO/212
Nancy Irizarry
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
International trade is very important to a global economy. When countries can trade products and services that they produce with other nations without obstacles, it creates a robust economy for those exporting and importing their products and services. However, there has to be a balance between the nations to prevent protectionism, isolationism and high tariffs on imports, which can lead to trade wars. The debate over free trade and tariffs is a very complicated process as evident with the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). “The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business” (WTO, 2010, p.1)
Free trade has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages and disadvantages depends on the frame of thought regarding trade. Within the simulation for international trade, one such advantage was the ability of a country to have a comparative advantage over another . When speaking in terms of a comparative advantage, its referring to a nations ability to produce a product or service at a lower price than another nation. Producing a product or service at a lower cost is the foundation of international trade. All countries who trade have the comparative...