a condition in a recipient that increases the risk for a serious reaction. a vaccine will not be administered when this is present

contraindication

a condition in a recipient that might increase the risk for a serious adverse reaction or that might compromise the ability of the vaccine to produce immunity. under usual circumstances, vaccination might be indicated because benefits outweigh risks.

precaution

most common cause of diarrhea in children less than 5yrs; infants 6-12mos most vulnerable
watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, passed through oral-fecal route, indirect contact, doesn't wash hands after changing diapers.

Tx: flavored oral rehydration or IV fluids.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus vaccine administration

po admin.

do not re-administer dose to infant that regurgitates, spits out, vomits during admin of vaccine.

continue with recommended schedule

administer even if infant has had previous rotavirus

ok to administer to infants who live in household with a pregnant woman or person with impaired immunne status

all household members should employ good hand hygiene measure after each diaper changes

caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diptheriae which produces systemic toxin which damages the tissues of the heart and cns.

diphtheria

caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium tetani, a bacteria that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.
produce spores found in soil, intestines, feces of many household and farm animal and humans, bacteria usually enters the human body through puncture wound.
there is no cure once a person develops symptoms.

Tetanus

a cough illness lasting at least 2 weeks with one of the ff:
paroxysms of coughing
inspiratory whoop
posttussive vomiting
caused by bacterial microorganism called Bordetella pertussis

Pertussis

vaccine for children less than 6 yrs of age

DTap Diphtheria, Tetanus, and acellular pertussis

vaccine for adolescents and adults
licensed 2005
now recommended to be administered with each pregnancy

Tdap Tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis

caused by a bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b.
type b account for 95% of all strains that cause invasive disease.
spread by direct contact or respiratory droplets.
the most common type of invasive Hib disease is meningitis.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

infections that are caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus.
most common infections: middle ear infections, pneumonia, bacteremia, sinus infections, and meningitis.
children at risk: under 2 yrs, children in group child care, children who have certain illnesses (sickle cell disease, HIV, chronic heart or lung conditions)

Pneumococcal disease

a virus spread via fecal-oral route
no cure.

vaccine: IPV

Polio

its vaccine is recommended for all people aged 6 months and older.
one dose annually, two doses recommended 4 weeks apart for children less then 9 yrs who are receiving the vaccine for the first time.

Influenza

a virus which is spread through the air by droplets and is highly contagious.

caused by varicella-zoster virus, highly contagious, spread by direct contact, through the air by coughing or sneezing.
continue to be contagious until all the blisters have crusted over (6-8 days)

complications: bacterial infection of skin, bones, lungs, joints and blood. can also lead to pneumonia and meningitis.

Varicell

live, attenuated virus vaccine.
all susceptible person should receive 2 doses of vaccine.
2nd dose catch up recommended for children, adolescents, adults who previously received 1 dose.
during outbreak, person who receive 1 dose of vaccine should receive a second dose

varicella vaccine (VAR)

Contraindicatoins to MMR and Varicell Vaccines

allergy to neomycin, gelatin.

pregnancy.

immunosuppression.

recent receipt of blood products.

may be administered on same day as varicella, or 4 weeks apart.

caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, spread to person to person through exchange of repsiratory and throat secretions (kissing, coughing, sharing eating utensils)
can infect the blood (septicemia), fluid of the spinal cord and brain (meningitis).

Meningococcal Disease

causes cancer, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers.
certain types cause most cases of genital warts in men and women.
commonn virus that is easily spread from skin to skin contact during sexual activity with another person.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

a strong weapon in prevention, these safe and effective vaccines are available to protect females and males against some of the most common HPV types and the health problems that the virus can cause.
this vaccine is not recommended for use in pregnancy.

HPV vaccine (Human Papilloma Virus vaccine)

contraindication of HPV vaccine

contraindicated to people with a history of immediate hypersensitivity to any vaccine component

precautions and adverse reactions to HPV vaccine

precautions:

minor acute illness such as diarrhea, or mild URI, with or without fever.