The Well Test Wall of Shame

There's a bit of Barnum in these natural gas producers' press releases.

Something's been bothering me about certain press releases from oil and gas companies lately. I'm not even talking about the sickening swell of follow-on share offerings by the likes of Anadarko Petroleum(NYSE:APC), Delta Petroleum, and Mariner Energy, either.

I'm talking about the preponderance of PR that proclaims eye-popping initial production rates. The more I scrutinize the language in these releases, the less informative I find them. Some are downright misleading.

Can I see some IP?From a stakeholder's point of view, a well's initial production (IP) rate can be useful knowledge, insofar as it provides some indication of future productivity and expected ultimate recoveries (EURs). For example, a rule of thumb in the Barnett and the Cotton Valley is that for every million cubic feet of a well's initial gas production rate, EURs bump up by a billion cubic feet.

The problem is that there seems to be no reporting standard whatsoever when it comes to initial production rates. Some companies quantify this production period (24 hours, 30 days, and so on) while others don't bother. Some report the results of a production test, which implies the use of test equipment that may or may not match real-world production conditions, while others report the average volumes actually flowing through surface equipment to sales.

A few operators even have the audacity to present a well's absolute open flow rate (a theoretical figure that generally multiples higher than the rate sustained under actual production conditions) as a proxy for the well's expected performance. If you ever see this trick, run away. Fast.

Drilling deeperConsider Goodrich Petroleum's (NYSE:GDP) announcement following its first horizontal well completion in the Haynesville/Bossier play of Louisiana, which "tested at a rate of approximately 14.5 MMcf per day on a 24/64 inch choke with 6,000 psi." This kind of reporting leaves many questions unanswered:

What kind of test was performed? What sort of equipment was used?

Was this only one of several tests conducted? If so, is this the result of a single test run, or is it a composite?

What was the duration of the test -- 72 hours … 30 minutes ... something else?

Was the rate sustained across the entire test period, or just a portion of it?

Without more context, this test rate doesn't really tell me a lot about the well's reserve or production profile.

Mind the declineIf a well continued to produce at or near its initial production rate over the ensuing weeks and months, I wouldn't make a stink about the shoddy state of IP reporting. But the fact is, we are seeing some stunning declines in today's horizontal gas plays, even within the first weeks of production.

Cabot Oil & Gas(NYSE:COG) has drilled 50 wells in its County Line play in East Texas, with an average IP rate of 10 million cubic feet per day. The average 30-day rate is just half of that, at 5 million per day.

Haynesville shale wells, the hottest horizontal play around, tend to come online so strong, and decline so rapidly, that old rules of thumb for calculating per-well reserves are getting thrown out the window. That 1:1 IP-to-EUR ratio I mentioned earlier? According to top-tier reserve evaluators Netherland, Sewell, the ratio's tracking closer to 1:0.37.

In other words, these Haynesville well tests make for big headlines, but the EURs aren't tracking the IP number nearly as closely as many investors are used to seeing. Haynesville players such as Goodrich and Petrohawk Energy(NYSE:HK) tend to shout their often vague initial production rates from the rooftops, but I worry that these announcements don't serve investors particularly well, especially at this very early stage of development. It's far from clear today what the "average" Haynesville well will look like over the course of its productive life. Variability is actually running quite high.

I should note that the state of Louisiana invites ambiguity with its requirement that deliverability tests merely "be of such length as to determine an accurate gauge." Texas' guidelines are clearer, requiring that "all deliverability tests shall be performed by producing the subject well at stabilized rates for a minimum time period of 72 hours." The biggest, baddest Haynesville wells appear to lie mostly on the Louisiana side of the border, however.

The prudent way to playConsidering the combination of non-standardized initial production figures and dramatic early declines in many of today's hottest drilling targets, I am much more partial to the practice of reporting 30-day IP rates. That is, the average daily rate of actual production over the first month of a well's life. EQT(NYSE:EQT) stands out for its steadfast commitment to this format, and I doff my jester's cap to this company. Penn Virginia(NYSE:PVA) is good about highlighting its 30-day IP results, as is EnCana(NYSE:ECA).

As for those E&Ps that are sparing with their details, while the SEC may never force a higher reporting standard upon them, I'm going to hold them to one anyway. They're going on my Well Test Wall of Shame until they put down the pom poms and get with the 30-day program.