Sofia was a strong willed youngster and there are stories of her resorting to her fists when she did not get her own way, this strong character would help her later in life as she faced many obstacles, not least the prejudices against women in society.

While Sofia's learning was blossoming her sister was becoming acquainted with many young women in nihilist circles and was beginning to entertain ideas of a university education herself, even though she had not received the formal training necessary to embark on one.

Sofia duly obliged and produced three dissertations for them of a standard so high that she was not required to defend them or to sit an exam, as was the usual procedure.

Sofia was educated by tutors and governesses, lived first at Palabino, the Krukovsky country estate, then in St. Petersburg, and joined her family's social circle which included the author Dostoevsky.

This marriage caused problems for Sofia and, throughout its fifteen years, it was a source of intermittent sorrow, exasperation and tension and her concentration was broken by her frequent quarrels and misunderstandings with her husband.

Kovalevskaya's last published work was a short article Sur un théorème de M. Bruns in which she gave a new, simpler proof of Bruns' theorem on a property of the potential function of a homogeneous body.

Sofia was educated by tutors and governesses, lived first at Palabino, the Krukovsky country estate, then in St.Petersburg, and joined her family's social circle which included the author Dostoevsky.

Kovalevskaya's further research on this subject won a prize from the Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1889, and in the same year, on the initiative of Chebyshev, Kovalevskaya was elected a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences.

Kovalevskaya's last published work was a short article Sur un theoreme de M. Bruns in which she gave a new, simpler proof of Bruns' theorem on a property of the potential function of a homogeneous body.

SofiaKovalevskaya is honoured by names of lunar crater and minor planet (asteroid): minor planet (NMP)"1859 Kovalevskaya" discovered in 1972, September, 4th, in Nautchny-Observatory in Crimea (former USSR), and preliminary numbered as 1972 RS2, is named by its discoverer L.V. Zhuravleva after this famous russian woman.

Kovalevskaya found a third completely integrable case, in which the moments of inertia of the body are related by a particular way and when integration is done by means of hyperelliptic functions of time.

Kovalevskaya studies Laplace's results in planetary rings stability and finds out that his conclusion about the elliptic shape of a rotating thorus-like ring cross-section is not enough exact and can be consider as the first order solution only.

Kovalevskaya and her husband decided to consummate their relationship, and Kovalevskaya's only child, Sofia, was born in 1878.

Kovalevskaya returned to her study of mathematics and through the efforts of a friend and fellow student of Weierstrass, Gosta Mittag-Leffler, Kovalevskaya was offered a position at Stockholm University as a privatdozent (a licensed lecturer who could receive payment from students but not from the university) in 1884.

Kovalevskaya died in 1891 of influenza when she was only 41 years old, at the height of her mathematical career.

In Heidelberg, Kovalevskaya received a special authorization to attend the lectures without being officially a student, since matriculation was not permitted for women.

However, Weierstrass was unable to find Kovalevskaya an academic position because she was a woman, so she returned to Russia and settled in St. Petersburg, her husband's home town, upon completion of her doctorate.

During the next six years she devoted herself entirely to her family (her daughter Fufa was born in 1878), to scientific journalism and to the promotion of women's right to higher education, while she completely neglected research.

One of its central characters may or may not be based on the mathematicianSofiaKovalevskaya; the former German culture minister, Michael Naumann, alleged he'd assisted Pynchon in conducting research on her.

Kovalevskaya had a crush on Fyodor Dostoevsky 'n practiced her favourite piano work, Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata, to receive her attention, but he was locused on the first sister Anna 'n he very doubtless contemplated to her.

Tyrtov argued with Sofia's father that she should be encouraged to study mathematics further but it was everal years later that he permitted Sofia to take private lessons.

The paper on the reduction of abelian integrals to simpler elliptic integrals is of less importance but it consisted of a skilled series of manipulations which showed her complete command of Weierstrass's theory.

Sophia Kovalevskaya's life makes quite an extraordinary story - not only because she was an extremely able mathematician, but also because she fought for her right to study mathematics at a time when university studies were not available to women.

Despite this doctorate and letters of strong recommendation from her teacher who himself was a famous mathematician, Kovalevskaya was unable to obtain an acadmic position for long time.

In 1884 however she got a position at the University of Stockholm, and in June 1889 became the first woman since physicist Laura Bassi and Maria Gaetana Agnesi to hold a chair at a European university.

Kovalevskaya had a crush on Fyodor Dostoevsky and practiced his favourite piano work, Ludwig van Beethovens Piano Sonata No. 8 (Beethoven), to get his attention, but he was focussed on the older sister Anna and he very probably proposed to her.

Some came from her father, accidentally, he had studied calculus in the army, and when they ran short of proper wallpaper for one house, used his old notes instead.

I would like to react to Sofia’s writing in my journal and hand mine down with hers so that the future may be able to discern my sense of place through the same process that I can feel my distant relative, Sofia’s.

This experience is, I think, what Sofia was trying to communicate in her journal and what I have learned by observing a similar structure on my own campus.

Sofia is teaching me that there is definite value in preserving the past, but its value’s true nature isn’t always so easy to articulate.

www.cwrl.utexas.edu /~bump/VSA/Jessicaheidelburga.htm (2117 words)

Sofia Sofia Has First. "on-sky" Tests! Photons From Star Seen By Sofia Telescope And Hipo Instrument.(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)

Sofia Gubaidulina was born in Chistopol in the Tatar Republic of the Soviet Union.

SOFIA is an airborne observatory that will study the universe in this contribution to science progress, SOFIA will be a major factor in.

SOFIA will host a complement of scientists, computer engineers, graduate students, and educators on nightlong research missions.