Click on the English word to see information and examples of that word in use. Use these sentences to give yourself a feel for how each word can be used, and maybe even to expose yourself to the grammar that you will be learning shortly.

A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found here.

It would usually refer to there being a language barrier between the two people, and not some other type of communication problem. For example, if you were on a blind date with somebody and you just couldn’t have a good conversation, 의사소통 would usually not be used to refer to this type of “communication.” Instead, it would be better to use the word “대화” in these situations.

Examples:
어제부터 오랜만에 쉴 생각을 하니 설레었다
= Starting yesterday I got excited thinking of resting for the first time in ages.

우리가 오랜만에 만날 거라서 저는 친구에게 우리 집에 오라고 했어요
= It will be a long time since we last met, so I told him to come to our house

오랜만에 친구와 수다를 떠니 잠시 있고 있었던 옛 날 생각이 많이 났다
= (Because) I am chatting with an old friend for the first time in a long time, a lot of thoughts of the old days have come up

하지만 내가 하고 싶은 일을 시작해서 하루하루 잘 버티고 있다. 오늘은 오랜만에 여유가 있게 쉴 수 있는 날이다. 어제부터 오랜만에 쉴 생각을 하니 설레었다.
= But, because am starting work that I want to do, every day (day by day) I am enduring it well. Today is a day that I can rest leisurely/comfortably for the first time in a long time. From yesterday, because of the thought of resting for the first time in a while, I am excited.

Common Usages:
뛰어가다 = to run to (to go by running)
뛰어다니다 = to run around an area
뛰어오다 = to come by running
뛰어 넘다 = to run/jump over something
심장이 뛰다 = for a heart to be pounding

Examples:
복도에서 뛰는 것은 위험해요 = It is dangerous to run in the hallway
그렇게 빨리 뛰어서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t run that fast
너무 늦어서 학교에 뛰어갔어요 = I was very late, so I ran to school
말이 날뛰듯이 그의 심장이 뛰었다 = His heart was racing, as if a horse were bucking
아이들이 놀이터에서 뛰어다녔어요 = The kids were running around the playground
선생님이 복도에서 뛰지 말라고 했어요 = The teacher said not to run in the hallway
뛰다가 조심하지 않았다면 넘어졌을 거예요 = If I wasn’t careful when I was running, I would have fallen

Examples:
해물을 먹었다가 토했어요 = I ate seafood and then threw up
차에 제발 토하지 말라고 했어요 = I said ‘please don’t throw up’ in the car
제가 밥을 먹었을 때 거의 토할 뻔 했어요 = When I was eating I almost threw up

제가 어제 회사에서 조금 아팠잖아요…… 그래서 집에 가서 밥을 먹고 갑자기 토했어요~ 그래서 병원에 갔어요.
= Remember/don’t forget/as you know I was sick at work yesterday… Then, I went home and ate, and suddenly threw up, so I went to the hospital

Notes: The usage of 와중 is similar to the word 동안 in that it can’t be used by itself in a sentence. It is often described by a verb to indicate that something comes up “right while” some other action was processing. For example:

밥을 먹는 와중에 친구가 더러운 이야기를 해서 밥맛이 떨어졌어요
= Right when I was eating, my friend talked about something dirty so I lost by appetite

It can also be described by adjectives, the most common of which being “바쁜 와중” and “아픈 와중.” For example:

너무 바쁜 와중에 친구가 찾아왔기 때문에 친구와 시간을 보내지 못했어요
= Right when I was busy, my friend came looking for me so I couldn’t spend any time with him

It can also be placed after 그 to describe a time period referenced by context, for example:

You learned a lot about quoted sentences in the previous two lessons, but there is still more for you to learn. In this lesson, you will learn how to quote a command. Let’s get started.

Quoted Imperative Sentences: ~(으)라고

In Lesson 40, you learned how to make a command with the imperative mood. You learned that there are many ways to end a sentence when giving somebody a command. Aside from their respective differences in politeness, any of these could be added to a verb to make a command:

However, when quoting a clause that ends as a command, none of these additions are attached to the final verb in the clause. When quoting a command, you use an ending that is similar to the second one presented (~아/어라). Here is a list of verbs with that addition added to it:

가라
먹어라
뛰어라
읽어라
올라타라

When quoting these words as commands, you must attach ~(으)라고 to the stem of the verb. ~으라고 is added to the stem of a verb ending in a consonant (except ㄹ), and ~라고 is added to the stem of a verb ending in a vowel (and where the final consonant isㄹ). Notice that the first part of the addition is ~(으) and not ~아/어. The difference can be significant depending on the word. For example, here is a table showing how a verb will change depending on if ~(으)라 or ~아/어라 is added:

In addition to some basic words, I specifically chose a bunch of irregular verbs. It is a good exercise to look at this type of table. If you don’t know why these changes are being made, you might want to brush up on your irregulars from Lesson 7.

Verb (translation)

+ ~(으)라

+ ~아/어라

가다 (to go)

가라

가라

먹다 (to eat)

먹으라

먹어라

뛰다 (to run)

뛰라

뛰어라

읽다 (to read)

읽으라

읽어라

올라타다 (to get on)

올라타라

올라타라

하다 (to do)

하라

해라

먹이다 (to feed)

먹이라

먹여라

짓다 (to build)

지으라

지어라

걷다 (to walk)

걸으라

걸어라

잠그다 (to lock)

잠그라

잠가라

돕다 (to help)

도우라

도와라

자르다 (to cut)

자르라

잘라

듣다 (to hear)

들으라

들어라

만들다 (to make)

만들라

만들어라

Notice from the table that in some cases (가다, for example), there is no difference between how the two additions are added to a verb. However, in most cases, there is a difference.

Anyways, the addition we are looking at in this lesson is ~(으)라고. This addition can be added to a command that you want to quote. Below are many, many examples: