Cyclophosphamide treatment of steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome

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Cyclophosphamide and the related nitrogen mustard –derived alkylating agent ifosfamide were developed by Norbert Brock and ASTA (now Baxter Oncology). Brock and his team synthesised and screened more than 1,000 candidate oxazaphosphorine compounds. [47] They converted the base nitrogen mustard into a nontoxic "transport form". This transport form was a prodrug, subsequently actively transported into cancer cells. Once in the cells, the prodrug was enzymatically converted into the active, toxic form. The first clinical trials were published at the end of the 1950s. [48] [49] [50] In 1959 it became the eighth cytotoxic anticancer agent to be approved by the FDA . [20]