Networking Interview Questions and Answers

Computer networking is that the study of however computers may be connected to share information or data. The conception of connecting computers dates back to the Nineteen Sixties, once the Department of Defense led the primary decide to produce a electronic network that fastidiously linked one or two of computers around the U.S. Since then, wireless networking has embarked on and networking is currently thought of an important a part of computing. A pc while not a network, arguably, has little use in everyday life.

Node referred as 2 or a lot of computers ar connected directly by a fiber or the other cable. A node is a point wherever a connection established. it’s a network element that is used to send, receive and forward the electronic info.

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model was created by the international organization for Standardization (ISO), a world standard-setting body. it absolutely was designed to be a reference model for describing the functions of a communication system. it has seven layers, with every layer describing a special function of data traveling through a network.

Network topology is an arrangement of different devices of a network. It is used in data transmission and formation of interconnection of Nodes and links with each other. Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of a network.

There are two types of Network topologies:

Physical Topology: physical layout of the connected devices and nodes

Logical Topology: the pattern of data transfer between network nodes.

Both Physical and logical Network topologies can be categorized into many topologies

Point to Point topology: It is the simplest and the earliest type of topology that links two end points. This has been used by the telephonic systems and is the oldest type of network topology.

Bus topology: It is use of a single main cable which has terminators on both ends. All the other nodes like workstations, peripherals, etc. are connected to this main cable.

Mesh topology: In this type of arrangement every node participating in the network is connected to every other node.

Star topology: It is all the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the central node.

Ring topology: Ring topologies are similar to bus topologies, except they transmit in one direction only from station to station.

Tree topology: It is also known as the hierarchical topology. It can be considered as the combination of linear bus and star topologies as it contains systems with star topology connected to a linear bus main cable.

Hybrid topology: It is basically a combination of any two or more different types of network topologies

Daisy chain: Daisy chain is a networking term that describes one way that network devices can connect. It allows the workstation to be connected in such a way that the data which has to be sent is transmitted in a sequence.

NIC (Network Interface Card) is additionally mentioned as an ethernet card and network adapter. it’s a growth card that allows a computer to connect to a network; adore a home network, or the web using a coax with an RJ-45 connection.

File Transfer Protocol(FTP) was one amongst the primary internet services developed and it permits users to move files from one computer to a different. using the FTP program, a user will logon to a remote computer, browse through its files, and either download or transfer files (if the remote computer allows).

An IP Address is a distinctive variety (unique number) assigned to every and each device that is participating in a network. a device could be a laptop, a printer, or the rest that connects to either a local network or the net. All computers connected to the net use IP Addresses once communicating with each other.

MAC (Media Access Control) address is a 48-bit address that’s used for communication between 2 hosts in AN ethernet atmosphere. it’s a hardware address, which implies that it’s keep within the firmware of the network card.

IPv4(Internet Protocol Version 4) is that the most generally used version of the internet Protocol. it’s the fourth version within the development of the internet Protocol (IP) and also the 1st version of the protocol to be wide deployed.

IPv6 is that the new IP address that has been invented to use on the internet these days. as a result of IPv4 only provides four billion possible unique IP addresses, IPv6 was developed to expand this quantity and supply alternative, higher updates to the service as well. IPv6 uses what’s referred to as a 128-Bit format, that means that the entire number of unique IP addresses using the IPv6 format is equal to 2^128 addresses, about 300 and forty trillion trillion addresses.

VoIP (Voice over web Protocal) is additionally stated as IP telephone, web telephone, and internet line. the data is distributed digitally, using the internet Protocol (IP) rather than analog telephone lines

A default gateway is used for multiple devices on constant network to communicate with {each alternative and with those in other networks, transferring requests for info. One key method they’ll be used is for a browser requesting info from the internet. The request leaves the local network from a browser on a user’s computer or device via a default gateway, to the internet.

Ethernet is that the most well-liked manner for a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) to attach to devices, reminiscent of computers, printers and servers that need a connection to the internet.

PoE (Power over Ethernet) is a technology for wired LAN local area networks (LANs) that enables the electrical current necessary for the operation of every device to be carried by the data cables rather than by power cords.

UDP (User data gram Protocol) is another set of rules used once sending information between computers locally or over the internet. it’s used as an alternative to transmission control protocol and often in conjunction with IP.

SNAP (Sub network Access Protocol) is used within the IEEE 802.2 LLC (Logical Link Control) protocol as a mechanism for multiplexing a lot of protocols than is distinguished by the 8bit 802.2 SAP (Service Access Point) fields.

Using CIDR a Subnet Mask is allotted to the IP address. This mask indicated the length of the Network and Subnet half. The subnet mask is expresses either in binary, decimal or ‘/x’ notation. The meaning is always the same.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its ip address and different related configuration info such as the subnet mask and default gateway.

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) is a feature in Windows operating systems that permits computers to automatically self-configure an IP address and subnet mask once their DHCP server isn’t accessible. The IP address range for APIPA is 169.254.0.1-169.254.255.254, with the subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

FQDN (Fully Qualified domain name) is a complete and unambiguous domain name that specifies an explicit location for an object in a Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy. It specifies all domain levels, as well as the top-level domain and the root zone.

The process that permits a network to self-repair networks issues. The stations on the network notify the opposite stations on the ring once they aren’t receiving the transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI networks.

NBASE-T technology defines a brand-new form of ethernet that boosts that reinforces the speed of installed primarily based twisted-pair cabling well beyond the cable’s designed limit of one Gigabit per second (Gbps) for distances up to a hundred meters.

This cluster of leading technology vendors has formed the Multi-Rate Gigabit ethernet Base-T (MGBASE-T) alliance for the continued success and expansion of the ethernet technology. The addition of the two.5G and 5G ethernet link protocol speeds can enable cost-effective scaling of network bandwidth to enterprise networks.

Cloud networking (and Cloud primarily based networking) is a term describing the access of networking resources from a centralized third-party supplier using Wide area Networking (WAN) or Internet-based access technologies. Cloud networking is related the idea of cloud computing, during which centralized computing resources clients shared for customers or purchasers.