Abstract

Bird surveys and long-term bird monitoring in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park were conducted between 1998 and 2009 to obtain comprehensive data on the bird species in the area. Compilation of bird data from this study and other studies have recorded a total of 271 species, which is about 53.4% of all Javan birds (507 species) or 16.9% of all Indonesian birds (1605 species). As an important bird area, Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park is home to 43 Indonesian and Javan endemic species. Among the endemics, 32 species are restricted range species. Gaps in the protection status of the bird species are discussed. The results of this study show that Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park has the highest richness of bird species in the Java-Bali region and the conservation of its endemic and threatened species should be given main priority.

Abstract

The Wallacean Region continues to be widely unexplored even in such relatively well-known animal groups as birds (Aves). We report on the results of an ornithological expedition from late Nov 2013 through early Jan 2014 to eastern Sulawesi and a number of satellite islands (Togian, Peleng, Taliabu) as well as Ternate. The expedition targeted and succeeded with the collection of 7Ã¢â¬â10 bird taxa previously documented by us and other researchers but still undescribed to science. In this contribution, we provide details on numerous first records of bird species outside their previously known geographic or elevational ranges observed or otherwise recorded during this expedition. We also document what appears to be a genuinely new taxon, possibly at the species level of kingfisher from Sulawesi that has been overlooked by previous ornithologists. Our results underscore our fragmentary knowledge of the composition of the avifauna of eastern Indonesia, and demonstrate that there continues to be a high degree of cryptic, undescribed avian diversity on these islands more than a century and a half after they were visited by Alfred Russel Wallace and other collectors.

Abstract

The avifauna of Rote Island in the Lesser Sundas is not well studied and generally considered to be similar to that of adjacent Timor Island. However, some cases of bird endemism have recently been documented on this island. A population of Myzomela honeyeater is one such example. First observed in October 1990, it has been subsumed with Myzomela dammermani from Sumba Island given its superficially similar appearance. Based on extensive morphological inspection and bioacoustic analysis, we here describe this population as a new taxon to science. Apart from previously overlooked plumage distinctions, the new taxon bioacoustically differs from M. dammermani in the presence or absence of several unique call types and considerable differences across two parameters in shared call types. Considering the importance of bioacoustics in avian species delimitation, we propose that the new Rote Myzomela be considered a distinct species. Given continued habitat conversion across its small range, we propose the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) threat status Vulnerable for the species.

Abstract

Crescent-chested Babbler is endemic to the island of Java and Bali, Indonesia and protected by the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 7/ 1999. Its population is suspected to be declining due to ongoing habitat destruction and fragmentation. Information on its eco-biology is very poorly known. There is a need to obtain the information in order to conserve this species and its habitat. Morphometric and molt stages were recorded from 23 individuals captured by mist-nets between February and April 2016. There were variations in morphometric measurement in weight, head bill length, wing length and tail length in Cisarua Forest habitat, but no significant difference was found (F2.19 = 0.822, P> 0.05) in body weight among the three different habitats. This habitat has sufficient resource for Crescent-crested Babbler for molt activity during the study.

Abstract

ABSTRACTThere are six species of cockatoos in Indonesia which are well known as exotic, smart, and they can be trainedÂ in a variety of attractions. Thus, many people want to keep those birds as pets. All of pets which have been keptÂ by community should be evaluated from various aspects before being reintroduced to their natural habitat. TheÂ examination of sex and species of illegal cocktoos play as a key role for the reintroduction programme. Theobjective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and effectivity of evaluation technique of morphometricÂ and molecular for reintroduction programme of cockatoos. We used the COI gene sequences from 68individuals of cockatoos from pet communities in and around Jakarta and four sequences from GenBank. TheÂ phylogenetic analysis used the neighbor-joining method, in which the genetic distance matrix calculations withÂ Kimura 2-parameter models that are implemented on a pairwise distance calculation in the MEGA programÂ version 6:05. The result of the genetic variation of the cockatoo species which shows intraspecific divergenceÂ was Cacatua alba (n=4)= 0%, C. galerita (Australia n=9)= 0.6%, C. galerita (Indonesia n=53)= 0.3%,Â C .goffiniana (n=3)= 0%, C. moluccensis (n=7)= 0.1%, and C. sulphurea (n=2)= 0.3%, with a range of 0-0.6%.Â The results indicate that the average of intraspecific of COI in the cockatoos community was 0.25Â±0.055%, andÂ interspecific divergences ranged from 3.1 to 11.6%. The phylogenetic tree shows the monophyletic clade ofÂ cockatoo species in Indonesia. In addition, DNA barcode analysis and molecular sexing could correct the errorÂ and doubts the result of five individual species identification and two individual sexing identification of C.galerita by morphological identification. The results of morphological examanation base on body weight, bodyÂ length and head-bill length of C. galerita triton were not significantly different (P?0,5). Finally, 19 individualsÂ C. galerita triton and two individuals P. aterrimus were reintroduced to their natural habitat.Keywords: cockatoo, barcodes DNA, reintroduction

Abstract

Experimental work on captive Goffin’s cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) has highlighted the remarkable cognitive abilities of this species. However, little is known about its behavior in the natural habitat on the Tanimbar Archipelago in Indonesia. In order to fully understand the evolutionary roots leading to cognitively advanced skills, such as multi-step problem solving or flexible tool use and manufacture, it is crucial to study the ecological challenges faced by the respective species in the wild. The three-month expedition presented here aimed at gaining first insights into the cockatoos’ feeding ecology and breeding behavior. We could confirm previous predictions that Goffin’s cockatoos are opportunistic foragers and consume a variety of resources (seeds, fruit, inflorescence, roots). Their breeding season may be estimated to start between June and early July and they face potential predation from ground and aerial predators. Additionally, the observational data provide indications that Goffin’s cockatoos are extractive foragers, which together with relying on multiple food sources might be considered a prerequisite of tool use.

Abstract

DARJONO & DEWI MALIA PRAWIRADILAGA 1987. Effect of level of Phaseolus lunatus seeds in the native chicken ration on feed consumption, and body weight gain Suppl. Berita Biologi 3 :61 -65. The experiment was aimed to obtain a basic guide of the amount of P., lunatus in chicken ration during growing period. Observation using 25 cockerels and 25 pullers, was based on Completely Randomized Design. The treatment consisted of level of P. lunatus in the ration, namely RK (as control ration), RI, RII, RIII, and RIV, containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively. Data was analyzed using Analysis of Variant, and the difference was tested by Honestly Significant Different Test. The results showed that the level of P. lunatus up to 20% had no significant effect (P > 0,05), on feed consumption and body weight gain during growing period. The highest feed efficiency for the cockerels was RI (0,0593) followed by RK (0,0559), RIII (0,0506), RIV (0,0478), and RII (0,0350) respectively; whereas for the pullets was RII (0,0267) followed by RK (0,0262), RI (0,0225), RIII (0,0220), and RIV (0,0102) respectively.

Abstract

The avifauna of Rote Island in the Lesser Sundas is not well studied and generally considered to be similar to that of adjacent Timor Island. However, some cases of bird endemism have recently been documented on this island. A population of Myzomela honeyeater is one such example. First observed in October 1990, it has been subsumed with Myzomela dammermani from Sumba Island given its superficially similar appearance. Based on extensive morphological inspection and bioacoustic analysis, we here describe this population as a new taxon to science. Apart from previously overlooked plumage distinctions, the new taxon bioacoustically differs from M. dammermani in the presence or absence of several unique call types and considerable differences across two parameters in shared call types. Considering the importance of bioacoustics in avian species delimitation, we propose that the new Rote Myzomela be considered a distinct species. Given continued habitat conversion across its small range, we propose the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) threat status Vulnerable for the species.