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Do Now:. H ow has geography and geographic features effected civilizations in the past? Use prior Knowledge. The Mongols. Genghiz Khan & The Mongolian Empire. Steppes and grasslands of central Asia

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Do Now:

How has geography and geographic features effected civilizations in the past? Use prior Knowledge.

The Mongols

Genghiz Khan & The Mongolian Empire

Steppesand grasslands of central Asia

Allowed horse-riding, nomadic*herdsman known as the Mongols to sweep out across large parts of Asia and Europe.

Geography

The Mongols

The Mongols often brought peace, stability and prosperity wherever they conquered.

China, India and Russia

Their tolerance and open trade helped to create the Pax Mongolia thanks to the re-opening of the Silk Road.

Pax Mongolia= Peace in Mongolia

The Silk Road

The Silk Road was used during the Song and Tang Dynasties in China

The Mongols reopened the routes

They also provided safety for travelers

Goods and ideas such as porcelain, gunpowder, paper making and windmills flowed West.

Genghis Khan

Born Temujin

Earned the title Genghis Khan or World Leader

Was a prisoner of war at a very early age

Known for his brutal and cunning tactics in combat

Led skilled horsemen into battle

Included women in society

Russia

In Russia, the Golden Horde took control of Russia demanding that it pay tribute* to the Khan. Mongol rule on had two long term effects on Russia:

A) Absolutism: The Mongol rulers served as a model for later Russian czars Russia became a (subordinate) state

B) Isolation: Mongol rule isolated Russia from Europe for 250 years at a critical time when many advances in art, science and government were made during the Renaissance

India

In India, a descendent of Temujin called Akbar the Great would begin a Golden Age* in India.

This was called The Mughal Empire

Mongol Empire 13th Century

2

Mongols

Once a conquest was complete, the Mongols were not oppressive rulers. They often allowed conquered peoples to live much as they had — as long as they paid tribute to the Mongols.

The heirs of Genghiz Khan established peace and order within their domain. (PaxMongolica)

Reasons Why the Mongols are Awesome

Restarted Eurasia Trade (Silk Road)

Increased Communication throughout Eurasia (Yam System)

Cultural Diffusion

Tolerance.

Reasons why the Mongols aren’t Awesome

Brutal

Killed millions of people

Empire only lasts 80 years

No achievements in art or architecture

Helped start Black Plague

AIM: How did Mongol rule influence China?

Do Now: Imagine that a foreign nation conquered the United States. How would you react? How would you feel?

2

Mongols in China

Genghis Khan and his son were able to conquer a large amount of territory in their lives. This land included Northern China.

However Southern China would remain free from Mongol rule until Genghis’ grandson Kublai Khan conquered the remainder of Chine once he rose to power.

2

Khan Dynasty

Kublai became the first foreigner to rule over China.

He started Yuan Dynasty.

Under the Yuan Dynasty;

China was united

Trade increased

The mongols were tolerant of Chinese culture and govt

2

Mongol Empire

2

Visitors

Prior to the Mongol rule, China was isolated from the rest of the world.

Kublai invited Europeans to visit the Empire.

One of the more important guests was Marco Polo

Polo would write about the ordeal

AIM: How did geography affect life in the Korean peninsula?

The Empire that came under a golden age under Akbar the Great

The Dynasty established in China after Genghis’ death in 1227

Do Now: Matching

The Name by which the Russians knew the Mongols

The Grandson of Genghis

His other name translates to World Leader

He was invited to visit China by the Khan. He wrote about it.

2

Review

In the 1200s, Genghiz Khan united Mongol tribes and conquered a vast empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe.

Genghiz Khan imposed strict military discipline and demanded absolute loyalty. His highly trained armies contained some of the most skilled horsemen in the world.

In their conquest of China, the Mongol armies faced the problem of attacking walled cities. Mongol and Chinese armies used missile weapons against each other.

It took 150 years for the Mongols to complete their conquest of China.

2

Mongol Empire

2

Mo’ Review

Once a conquest was complete, the Mongols were not oppressive rulers. They often allowed conquered peoples to live much as they had — as long as they paid tribute to the Mongols.

The heirs of Genghiz Khan established peace and order within their domain. Historians today refer to this period as the Pax Mongolica, or Mongol Peace.

2

Even Mo’ Review

Only Mongols could serve in the military or hold the highest government jobs.

A mix of Chinese and foreign customs developed.

Foreigners were welcomed into China and a number of Chinese products, such as gunpowder and porcelain, were introduced in Europe.

Regent Question

The Mongols played a significant role in Russian history by

A. supporting Czar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution

B. supporting the rule of Ivan the Terrible

C. ending the reign of Catherine the Great

D. isolating Russia from Western Europe during the early Renaissance

3

Korea and Its Traditions

How did geography affect life in the Korean peninsula?

How did Korea maintain its unity and independence despite Chinese influence?

What were the major achievements of the Choson dynasty?

3

Geography of the Korean Peninsula

Seventy percent of Korea is mountainous. Because farming is difficult in the mountains, most Koreans live along the western coastal plain, Korea’s major farming area.

Korea has a 5,400 mile coastline with hundreds of good harbors. Since earliest times, Koreans have depended on seafood for protein in their diet.

Korea’s location on China’s doorstep has played a key role in its development.

3

Korea United

Prior to the Mongols;

As early as Han times, China extended its influence to Korea. Although Koreans absorbed many Chinese traditions, Korea was able to preserve its independence and maintain a separate and distinct culture.

Koreans adapted and modified Chinese ideas.

3

The Choson Dynasty

They reduced Buddhist influence and set up a government based upon Confucian principles.

Over time, Confucianism greatly influenced Korean life.

They developed hangulto replace the complex Chinese writing system. The use of hangul led to an extremely high literacyrate, or percentage of people who can read and write.

In 1392, the Koreans overthrew their Mongol conquerors and set up the Choson dynasty. Choson rulers made important contributions to Korean culture.

3

Section 3 Assessment

More than half of the Korean peninsula is made up of

a) mountains.

b) coastal plains.

c) deserts.

d) valleys.

With the development of hangul,

a) Chinese influence in Korea ended.

b) Buddhism spread more quickly through Korea.

c) Korean peasants were allowed to take the civil service examination.

d) the literacy rate in Korea increased.

3

Section 3 Assessment

More than half of the Korean peninsula is made up of

a) mountains.

b) coastal plains.

c) deserts.

d) valleys.

With the development of hangul,

a) Chinese influence in Korea ended.

b) Buddhism spread more quickly through Korea.

c) Korean peasants were allowed to take the civil service examination.

d) the literacy rate in Korea increased.

AIM: How did the Song and Tang Dynastys influence Chinese development?

Do Now:

Take two minutes and list the types of achievements made during a Golden Age of a civilization.