What Is Tribunal?

WHAT IS TRIBUNAL ?
Tribunal is a board established under the law to adjudicate in a certain matter such as claims by an individual. In Malaysia, there is the Tribunal for consumer claims.The Tribunal for consumer claims is established under Part XII of the Consumer Protection Act 1999. It is an independent body and its primary function is to hear and determine claims lodged by consumers for losses suffered in respect of any goods or services acquired. It provides a speedy manner for the settlement of dispute between consumers and suppliers or manufacturers. Tribunal is much like court litigation, except it is less formal and much less expensive. Your claim can be filed under the Tribunal for consumer claims if the amount in dispute or the value of the subject-matter of the claim does not exceed RM$10,000.00. CAN I BE REPRESENTED BY AN ADVOCATE OR SOLICITOR ?

No.
No party in this proceedings can be represented by an advocate or solicitor. Each party must conduct its own case at a hearing.
IS IT COMPLICATED TO TAKE A CASE TO TRIBUNAL ?
Tribunal procedure is a very simplified procedure.
Nevertheless, those who are unfamiliar with the process may find it a bit complicated. This topic will provide you with a step-by-step guide to Tribunal proceedings.

CHAPTER 3

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ISLAMIC SOCIETY
AND THE CORRECT METHOD FOR ITS FORMATION

The message of Islam brought by the Messenger of God, Muhammad - peace be on him -was the last link in the long chain of invitations toward God by the noble Prophets. Throughout history, this message has remained the same: that human beings should recognise that their true Sustainer and Lord is One God, that they should submit to Him Alone, and that the lordship of man be eliminated. Except for a few people here and there in history, mankind as a whole has never denied the existence of God and His sovereignty over the universe; it has rather erred in comprehending the real attributes of God, or in taking other gods besides God as His associates. This association with God has been either in belief and worship, or in accepting the sovereignty of others besides God. Both of these aspects are Shirk [Shirk is an Arabic word which refers to ascribing the attributes, power or authority of God to others besides Him and/or worshipping others besides Him.] in the sense that they take human beings away from the religion of God, which was brought by the Prophets. After each Prophet, there was a period during which people understood this religion, but then gradually later generations forgot it and returned to Jahiliyyah. They started again on the way of Shirk, sometimes in their belief and worship and sometimes in their submission to the authority of others, and sometimes in both. Throughout every period of human history the call toward God has had one nature. Its purpose is 'Islam', which means to bring human beings into submission to God, to free them from servitude to other human beings so that they may devote themselves to the One True God, to deliver them from the clutches of human lordship and man-made laws, value systems and traditions so that they will acknowledge the sovereignty and authority of the One True God and follow His law in all spheres of life. The Islam of Muhammad - peace be on him-came for this purpose, as well as the messages of the earlier Prophets. The entire universe is under the authority of God, and man, being a small part of it, necessarily obeys the physical laws governing the universe. It is also necessary that the same authority be acknowledged as the law-giver for human life. Man should not cut himself off from this authority to develop a separate system and a separate scheme of life. The growth of a human being, his conditions of health and disease, and his life and death are under the scheme of those natural laws which come from God; even in the consequences of his voluntary actions he is helpless before the universal laws. Man cannot change the...

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...(a)Explain the role of tribunals.
(b)Evaluate the extent to which tribunals have been reformed.
Tribunals are an essential part of the British Legal System and are see as part of the popular Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Their main purpose was to give the public a means of settling disputes regarding their scial rights and various other areas such as employment law. For example if a person felt they were incorrectly dismissed from their employment, they would use a tribunal as means of settling the issue rather than a criminal court. Tribunals, more often than not, are attended by one legally qualified person and two people that have no specialized legal training but expertise in the relevant subject area. These people are known throughout the tribunal as Lay Persons.
These are the main types of tribunal;
Administrative- involving social and welfare rights.
Domestic- involving disputes within a private body e.g. a non-government funded organization.
Employment- dealing with disputes between employers and current or ex employees.
Tribunals offer a more cost effective method of settling disputes as each party pays their own costs. This makes it a cheaper alternative than a day in court. Parties are also encouraged to take their own cases without representation, hence, there are less costs on lawyers or solicitors. They also offer a far quick...

...WHAT THE H2!?
09-10-13
This is journal entry #20 10:30 AM 8/10/2050: The riots are still raging in the streets and gas prices are $200 a gallon. It has been 15 days since we have been told that there is no more fossil fuels. Our civilization is at the tipping point; like I said there is violent riots in the streets the lights are not turning on and neither is the water. My mom tells me it’s like this because when she was a kid everyone abandoned the idea of “clean energy” because they were told that scientists figured out how to clean up the pollution. No one thought of when we were going to run out fossil fuel and now we have. We need a new source of power, a clean and unlimited reserve of energy, hydrogen.
Hydrogen is a clean and unlimited resource. Hydrogen is a completely clean resource, when used in cars it’s only emission is water vapor and heat. Hydrogen is virtually unlimited when hydrogen runs out our universe will have ended ( most likely one hundred trillion years) 100,000,000,000,000 years from now.
Hydrogen is extremely efficient, it is 3 times more efficient than gasoline. You can get 480 miles a tank with the Toyota FCHV. From coral you can make it all the way to San Diego, CA and go another 156 mi on one tank.
Some argue that hydrogen is very flammable and can explode. Those that argue this are 100% correct but it is not any more flammable than the gasoline in your car right now.
Hydrogen is only $1.80 gallon and 3 times more...

...TRIBUNALS – Discuss the factor leading to the growth of administrative tribunals and state what are the advantages of administrative tribunals as compared to the system of ordinary courts.
In pursuance of administrative law, there can arise disputes. These disputes require adjudication. There are administrative agencies other than courts to adjudicate such issues arising in the course of day to day administration. It is more familiar called as administrative tribunals. An administrative tribunal is a body set up by legislation to adjudicate upon disputes in a specific area and which enjoys a degree of autonomy. Such tribunals seem to constitute the best mechanism to settle disputes outside the court system because they enjoy some element of separation and independence from the administration and come very near the model of a court.
The factors leading to the growth of administrative tribunals are basically similar with the growth of subsidiary legislation. Among the factors are :
1) Administrative tribunal, rendering justice, is a by-product of the Welfare state.
In the 18th and 19th centuries when laissez faire theory held sway, the law courts emerged as the custodians of the rights and liberties of the individual citizens. With the emergence of Welfare state, conditions of employment, manner of living and elementary necessities of...

...Alternative Dispute Resolution and Administrative Tribunals Before the introduction of Alternative Dispute resolutions, people were faced with one option-to go to court. Litigation can be a lengthy process and it can cause people unnecessary trauma. Going to Court can be expensive and the adversarial system can breed conflict rather than resolution and settlement. Different types of Alternative dispute resolutions have been introduced to try and solve such problems. They are not meant to replace the Courts but they can have advantages over litigation. Which method of dispute resolution you choose depends on how you want your problem dealt with and what sort of problem you have. Another popular and effective method of dispute resolution is Mediation and consolidation. This is voluntary, you can choose whether to mediate or not. A neutral third party can act as a go between, discussing conflicting issues with both parties, normally in separate rooms. It is completely confidential so would be a beneficial method of conflict resolution between parties. It is a particularly good method for separating couples as it allows both parties to reach a mutual agreement which is favourable for any children involved. Mediation is very cost effective and in most cases, disputes are often settled within a day. This is beneficial to the courts as it saves wasting their time or money. Arbitration must be agreed on by both parties before commencement. The...

..."FREEDOM"
"Freedom" (full)
The cry awoke Balintawak,
And the echoes answered back;
"Freedom!" (fading away)
All the four winds listened long
To the shrieking of that song; FREEDOM
Every poet struck his lyre
With those burning notes of fire; FREEDOM!
Girls:
All the women knelt to pray
In their hearts that frenzied lay.
Boys:
E'en the children and the old
Took to arms and shouted bold, (increasing volume)
"Freedom!"
All:
I heard it from the planters in the vales
I heard it from the traders tying bales;
I heard it where the fishers strike their sails—FREEDOM!
I heard it from the huskers 'neath the trees;
I heard it from the drivers of the seas,
I heard it from the pounders in the leas. FREEDOM!
Girls:
All the people raised to cry,
Fearing not to bleed or die; FREEDOM!
All the tombs of slave and sire
Broke to voice and great desire; FREEDOM!
*Up the mountain, down the plain (rising, then falling)
Lounder, lounder rang the strain, (increasing volume)
"Freedom!" (ringing)
Boys:
I heard it from the makers of the brooms;
I heard it from the weavers at their looms;
I heard it in the smoking smithy rooms. FREEDOM!
PAUSE… REPEAT *
I heard it in the bullet's whine at roars;
I heard it in the farthest islet shore.
We heard it and shall hear it evermore!
"Freedom!" (full)
PAUSE… REPEAT *
The cry of Balintawak,
And now our voices answer back--
"Freedom!" (joyously full)
| Republikang Basahan ni Teodoro A. Agoncollo...

...equilibrium position of the cylinder except the vertical position?
2. Consider a circular cylinder of homogeneous material of specific gravity, s =
0.5, length, L, and diameter, D, stable at the position shown in Fig. 3. Find the formulas for the immersion of the cylinder h at this position.
D
Fig. 3. Cylinder parallel to the water surface.
3. Consider a cylinder made with a plate thickness, t = D/20, but of a material such that the average value of s is still 0.5
shown in Figure 4. For L = 40cm and D = 4cm, find the t
position of stable equilibrium and the immersion, h.
4. Determine the ranges of D/L for which the positions of the cylinders (vertical and horizontal) are stable.
5. What will happen if we change the density of the D
fluid, using brine, say, instead of fresh water?
References
Fig. 4. Hollow cylinder
Roberson, J.A. and Crowe, C.T. (1993). Engineering Fluid Mechanics, 5th edition, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA
White, F.M. (1994). Fluid Mechanics, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY
Lab 2 Stability of a Floating Body
Data Sheet
Name
Section
Group Date
Sketch with notation and dimensions
Case
Mass (gm)
h(cm)
hb (cm)
Fresh( unstable)
Fresh (stable)
Results:
Name
R(cm)
L(cm)
mc...

...the enzyme change as its concentration is increased?
As the more of the enzyme is added, the time in minutes for the reaction to happen decreases. This means that enzyme activity is increased as the concentration of the enzyme is increased.
What are some reasons for these changes in activity?
The enzyme binds to or somehow interacts with the substrate to speed up the reaction. There are certain sites on the substrate that the enzyme will act on. So as you increase the concentration of enzymes it increases the number of successful collisions and so to a point the rate of reaction is directly proportional to enzyme concentration and the higher the concentration of the enzyme the faster the reaction.
2. (B) What is the effect of pH upon the relative enzyme activity?
Based on the graph, as the pH was increased, the activity also increased, even when the pH reached a high value. The data is somewhat erroneous since there should be an optimum pH for an enzyme and the graph should look like a mountain, the rate of reaction rising then peaks when reaching the optimum pH then declining beyond that optimum pH. The optimum pH of salivary amylase is 6.8 so the graph should’ve showed the least time in minutes close to pH=7.
What are some reasons for this effect?
pH affects the ionization of the amino acids that make up the active site of an enzyme (active site: where the subtrates are attached to). A change in pH causes...

...﻿
What is Federalism?
Carmen Torres
Prof. Tracy Herman
POL 110: US Government
May 18, 2014
Abstract
This paper will illustrate what is the meaning of federalism and what it does for us. I will talk about how it helps our political system and if it does us any good. How has federalism changed the behavior to our American society? Does federalism affect us or does it help us see a better political view? Things like this is something I would be covering in my paper. Everything you need to know about federalism I would be talking about it in this paper.
Federalism, what does federalism mean to you? Federalism is a political system that helps the government maintain independence for everyone. This means that the government has used a new way to help out the government to handle the independence and to set a good federation for the people. Federalism to me is to help out the people maintain a good set of rules and not have the government handle all the rules for the people. They need to let the people know that others, other than the government, are out there to help them and protect them of their rights.
American federalism was created on 1787 when the constitution was made. They did not want the confederal or the unitary models for the government that is when they chose to go with federalism. If they would have chosen the cofederal it would mean that the member...