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TOPIC 6

CATTLE, COTTON, & RAILROADS

WHY WAS THERE A CHANGE IN LIFESTYLE OF AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBES AFTER THE CIVIL WAR?

TRIBES WERE REMOVED TO RESERVATIONS

WHAT WAS A BUFFALO SOLDIER?

NICKNAME GIVEN TO AFRICAN AMERICAN REGIMENTS OF THE U.S. ARMY THAT HELPED TO KEEP PEACE AMONG AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE WEST AFTER THE CIVIL WAR

WHO WAS KNOWN AS THE LAST OF THE COMANCHE CHIEFS AND SON OF AN AMERICAN WOMAN CAPTURED BY THE COMANCHES?

QUANAH PARKER

THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO HAD THE GREATEST IMPACT ON WHO?

AMERICAN INDIANS IN THE GREAT PLAINS REGION

WHAT WAS THE LONG-TERM EFFECT OF THE BATTLE OF PALO DURO CANYON ON THE COMANCHE TRIBE?

WITHOUT A SAFE HAVEN, WINTER SUPPLIES, AND THEIR HORSES, THE COMANCHE WERE FORCED TO RETURN TO THE RESERVATION

WHO WERE THE COMBATANTS OF THE TEXAS-INDIAN WARS OF 1820 - 1875?

EUROPEAN SETTLERS AND SOUTHERN PLAINS INDIANS

WHY WERE NATIVE AMERICANS FORCED OUT OF TEXAS AND INTO INDIAN TERRITORY?

DUE TO WESTWARD EXPANSION

WHAT BECAME INCREASINGLY URBAN THROUGHOUT THE 19TH CENTURY?

THE POPULATION

WHAT BECAME INCREASINGLY INDUSTRIAL IN THE YEARS AFTER THE CIVIL WAR?

THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY

AFTER THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR, THE DEMAND FOR BEEF IN THE EAST BROUGHT RAPID GROWTH TO WHAT INDUSTRY?

THE CATTLE INDUSTRY

WHAT WAS ONE REALITY THAT COWBOYS FACED ON CATTLE DRIVES?

POSSIBLE STAMPEDES

AFTER THE CIVIL WAR, WHAT WERE ADDED TO SUPPORT THE GROWING CATTLE INDUSTRY IN TEXAS?

NUMEROUS CATTLE TRAILS

WHY DID THE CATTLE INDUSTRY GROW THROUGHOUT THE 19TH CENTURY?

AS A RESULT OF AN INCREASING DEMAND FOR BEEF

WHO WERE THE FIRST COWBOYS?

SPANISH VAQUEROS

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF COWBOYS WERE MEXICAN, AFRICAN AMERICAN, NATIVE AMERICAN, OR FEMALE?

50% (ONE-HALF) OR MORE

WHAT TWO WOMEN WERE NOTABLE FOR OWNING RANCHES AND RUNNING THEIR OWN CATTLE DRIVES?

AMANDA BURKE AND LIZZIE JOHNSON

WHAT DID THE GROWTH OF RAILROADS EFFECT?

CATTLE DRIVES AND OPEN RANGES ENDED; NEW CITIES GREW UP ALONG THE RAIL LINES; TEXAS MOVED FROM SUBSISTENCE FARMING TO COMMERCIAL FARMING

WHAT 4 THINGS CONTRIBUTED TO TEXAS BECOMING AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE?

THE DISCOVERY OF OIL, THE COTTON INDUSTRY, THE RAILROADS, THE CATTLE INDUSTRY

WHAT INCENTIVES DID TEXAS OFFER THE RAILROADS?

LOANS, LAND GRANTS, BONDS

WHY WAS THE END OF THE RED RIVER WARS CONSIDERED AN "END OF AN ERA"?

IT WAS THE END OF THE PLAINS INDIAN LIFESTYLE. MOST ACCEPTED DEFEAT AND FOLLOWED THE SOLDIERS TO OKLAHOMA (INDIAN TERRITORY)

WHAT NEGATIVE EFFECT OF THE GROWTH OF THE RAILROADS IN TEXAS AND THE GREAT PLAINS WAS THERE?

RAILROADS BROUGHT BUFFALO HUNTERS WHO KILLED THE ANIMALS BY THE THOUSANDS FROM THE WINDOWS OF THE RAILROAD CARS.

IN TEXAS, RANCHERS FENCING LAND WITH BARBED WIRE CAUSED WHAT?

THE RANGE WARS OF THE LATE 1800s

WHAT RANCH WAS THE LARGEST RANCH IN THE STATE?

XIT RANCH

NAME 3 POLITICAL EFFECTS OF THE OPENING OF WEST TEXAS TO FARMING, RANCHING, AND RAILROADS.

1. INCREASED NUMBER OF LEGISLATORS FROM THE WESTERN PORTION OF THE STATE; 2. INCREASED NUMBER OF GOVERNMENTAL UNITS SUCH AS TOWNS AND COMMUNITIES; 3. INCREASED NUMBER OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS SUCH AS JUDGES, LAW ENFORCEMENT, AND COMMUNITY OFFICES

WHY DID COWBOYS OPPOSE THE USE OF BARDED WIRE?

IT LIMITED THE OPEN RANGE

AS THE WESTERN FRONTIER CLOSED, WHAT DID FARMERS AND RANCHERS ENGAGE IN?

RANGE WARS

WHAT WERE FARMERS THAT RENTED LAND, TOOLS, SEEDS, AND HOUSES AND THEN USED THEIR HARVEST TO PAY RENT KNOWN AS?

SHARECROPPERS

HOW DID THE TEXAS LEGISLATURE RESPOND TO RANGE WARS?

BY MAKING IT A FELONY TO CUT A FENCE

FARMERS WHO RENTED LAND AND GREW CROPS TO PAY RENT WERE KNOWN AS WHAT?

TENANT FARMERS

WHAT WAS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE TEXAS RANGERS FOR THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS?

PROTECT TEXANS FROM AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBES

HOW DID THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILROADS IMPACT URBANIZATION IN TEXAS?

IT MEANT THAT LARGE URBAN CENTERS COULD BE PROVIDED WITH GOODS AND SERVICES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF A GROWING POPULATION.

WHAT HAD THE GREATEST EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF TEXAS CITIES IN THE MID- TO LATE 1800s?

CONSTRUCTION OF RAILROADS

WHAT WERE CONSTRUCTED IN GREATER NUMBERS AND DENSITY IN 1909 THAN 1860?

RAILROADS

WHICH ERA IN TEXAS HISTORY IS ASSOCIATED WITH CATTLE DRIVES?

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (1860 - 1920)

CATTLE DRIVES AND WAR WITH AMERICAN INDIAN TRIBES CHARACTERIZED SOCIETY IN TEXAS DURING WHAT TIME PERIOD?

1860 - 1900

WHAT INVENTION MOST HELPED SHAPE THE COTTON, CATTLE, AND RAILROADS ERA?