The Department of Defence has spelled out clearly to a
Senate enquiry that climate change is increasing demand and will create
"concurrency pressures" for the Australian Defence Force as a rise in
disaster relief operations continues.

"The ADF is … built around
the most demanding and most complex of its roles, the warfighting role,"
the Defence Department told a Senate enquiry into climate change and
security last month.
"Due to the nature of its capabilities it is
able to make a contribution to Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster
Relief (HADR), though the force is not structured around this task."
At the moment, while Australia has no large-scale war commitments, Defence says its can handle the workload.

"However,
the forecast level of commitment may create concurrency pressures for
Defence from as early as the middle of the next decade, or earlier if
climate change-related impacts on security threats accelerate."

"Climate
change may also eventually contribute to greater irregular migration
pressure in vulnerable countries to Australia's north, potentially
becoming a substantial security threat for Australia."
The Senate
report concluded that "the consensus from the evidence (is) that climate
change is exacerbating threats and risks to Australia's national
security".
"These include sea level rise, bushfires, droughts, extreme rainfall events, and higher-intensity cyclones".

Currently serving senior defence figures in Australia rarely speak publicly about climate security.
"To
do that would necessarily mean putting your head above the parapet, so
to speak," said Associate Professor Matt McDonald from the University of
Queensland.

"That's where I
think there is a concern — that you don't want to be engaging in what is
a toxic politics around climate change in Australia."

Admiral, Home Affairs see climate change as common threat
Contributing to the enquiry was the former head of the Australian Defence Force, Admiral Chris Barrie.

When he was the Defence chief, it was his job to perceive future threats to Australia.
Now
retired, the Admiral worries that climate change could cause huge
security issues for the nation and no longer bound by office he is free
to speak his mind.
Admiral Barrie has posed the scenario of what
would happen if a Cape Town-style water crisis hit right across Asia,
driven by receding glaciers in the Himalayan mountains.
"I'm
talking China, around the Mekong river into Burma, Bangladesh, India,
Pakistan. What will billions of people be doing about that problem?" he
said.

"Well, one of the scenarios of course is, I think, they'll be looking for a new home."

The former Department of Immigration and Border Protection, now
called Home Affairs, has also followed the logic of threat
multiplication in its Senate enquiry submission.
"Climate change
is likely to exacerbate the complexity and unpredictability of existing
migratory pressures around the world and for Australia," it wrote.
"In
most cases, climate change-related migration will not eventuate as
straightforward cause and effect, but will be shaped by the interaction
of climate change with cultural, economic and political processes."

Environment's 'threat multiplier' gets on Defence radar
Military
interest in the consequences of climate change can be traced back to a
landmark report commissioned by the US Department of Defense in 2007.
The
report, National Security and the Threat of Climate Change, was
overseen by Sherri Goodman, a former deputy undersecretary of Defense.
She
assembled a military advisory board of twenty retired admirals and
generals who concluded that "projected climate change poses a serious
threat to America's national security".

Ms Goodman coined the term "threat multiplier" — meaning climate
change may exacerbate existing threats rather than be a threat unto
itself.
She reprised her 2007 message in a submission to
Australia's recent Senate enquiry, advising Government to "recognise
climate change as a global existential risk, and a direct threat to the
national security of Australia".
The term and the ideas in the report had already caught on in Washington.
The
Trump administration's current US Defense Secretary, General James 'Mad
Dog' Mattis, at his confirmation hearing, seemed out of lock step with
his soon-to-be commander-in-chief, stating:

"Climate
change can be a driver of instability and the Department of Defense
must pay attention to potential adverse impacts generated by this
phenomenon."

Mr Trump has previously said the concept
of climate change was created by and for the Chinese in order to make
US manufacturing uncompetitive.

Study reinforces regional climate issues
A
new study led by Australian scientist Dr Andrew King from the
University of Melbourne paints a stark picture of this interaction
between climate change and economics among Australia's neighbours in the
Asia-Pacific region.
A map produced for the paper titled The
Inequality of Climate Change from 1.5 deg C to 2 deg C of Global Warming
shows a sea of red to Australia's north.
It indicates that
poorer, tropical countries from India to Melanesia will notice a
disproportionate amount of abnormal heat as temperatures increase by
more than 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Comparatively wealthy Australia on the other hand is predicted to be once again the lucky country.
Increases in temperatures here would not be as noticeable.
"We're
using a quantitative measure of local climate change and then
overlaying that with population data and GDP data," Dr King said.
"What
we're really showing, and this does compliment what studies have shown
before, that it's the poorest who will be worst affected by climate
change."