Whereas theoretical models of resource allocations within families are cast in terms of decisions by all family decision-makers, empirical studies typically rely on data collected only from co-resident family members. This reflects the fact that most surveys are designed to collect information on individuals and, in some cases, other members of their households. Very few surveys collect detailed information about behaviors of non co-resident family members which limits generalizability of empirical results in, for example, contexts where married couples do not co-reside.