Latest items for DLB-DATA-1

"More than half of rural households (53%) travel 30 minutes or longer round trip to fetch drinking water. In both rural and urban households, adult women are most likely to be responsible for fetching drinking water (17% in urban households and 68% in rural households)" (10).

"Women and children carry much of the burden of the impact of illicit drugs as men are most likely to be drug users in the community. Due to their husband’s drug use, married women of drug users are commonly left with all the burdens of raising a family, including income generation, household work and childcare; In the family of drug addicted, there are increased rates of violence and instability and increased hardship for the family as they tend to become impoverished, with husbands stealing women’s earnings as money for drug use. Source: Palaung Women's Organization (PWO) and the Shan Women’s Action Network (SWAN)" (page 43).

“The National Alliance for Caregivers and AARP study (2009) found that, on average, caregivers spent 20 hours per week providing care, rising to almost 40 hours per week for those who lived with the person who needed care. The weekly time spent is not much lower for those who are employed: the 2014 Older Adult Caregiver Study found that adults who worked full-time while providing care for someone aged 50 and older spent a median of 16 hours per week on such care (Matos 2014). Time spent on support for parents and in-laws is twice as high for families living in poverty than it is for high-income families” (91)more

"The persistence of patriarchal attitudes and discriminatory stereotypes about the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, which perpetuate violence and discrimination against women in areas such as education, employment and health" (page 6). "The low percentage of men exercising their paternity leave, notwithstanding the legislation that provides for paternity leave entitlements in all sectors of employment" (page 11).

"In 2014 the second national survey on time use was conducted. It showed that women’s unpaid workload is twice that of men. True, men are gainfully employed for more hours than women, but when unpaid work is factored in, women have an overall weekly workload that is significantly greater. Sixty-six per cent of women’s labour is unpaid work, while among men it is only 33 per cent of their work (Figures 12 to 14)" (page 40).

"In Tokelau culture, there is a clear demarcation between male and female roles. In the traditional social system, women have relatively high status, derived from their right to occupy the house owned by their kin groups and to manage domestic economies . . . At the same time it is evident that the traditional demarcation between male and female roles is becoming less marked" (page 56).

"The interventions take into account time constraints, which are as a result of women’s numerous domestic responsibilities" (Para 11). This piece of information is part of a program to help rural female farmers be more productive. It is implied that women are time poor and do not have the time resources to accomplish everything they need to in the economy (EJ-Coder Comment).

"The Committee is, however, concerned about...The unequal division of household tasks between women and men, with women continuing to perform a larger share of domestic work, even when working full-time" (10).

"South Korean men hold the record for doing the least amount of housework among the men in the world’s most developed countries — an average of just 45 minutes per day, or one-fifth of the time a South Korean woman spends" (pp 15)

"The Committee is concerned about the high rates of unemployment among women in the State party. It also notes with concern the continued occupational segregation between women and men in the labour market and the low representation of women in managerial positions in the private sector. The Committee is also concerned that, notwithstanding the concentration of women in domestic work in private households, it has not ratified the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189), of the International Labour Organization. It is further concerned at the lack of statistical data on cases of sexual harassment in the workplace and measures taken to address it. In addition, the Committee is concerned that...more

"The action is designed to highlight the fact that women are not only penalized in the work place by being paid less than their male counterparts but they also do by far the largest share of unpaid work" (para 5).

"The action is designed to highlight the fact that women are not only penalized in the work place by being paid less than their male counterparts but they also do by far the largest share of unpaid work" (para 5).

The Committee is concerned at the persistence of adverse cultural practices and traditions and patriarchal attitudes and deep-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men in the family and in society, especially those portraying women as caregivers. The Committee notes that such stereotypes contribute to an increase in the practices of child and/or forced marriage, abduction of girls and polygamy and hence to the disadvantaged and unequal status of women in society. The Committee urges the State party: (a) To intensify media and other efforts to educate the public and raise awareness about existing sex-based stereotypes that persist at all levels of society, with a view to...more

"There is no Responsible Paternity Act, but there have been implemented measures in its favor; the LFT incorporated paternity leave, and in 2016 the LGIMH was reformed for the equal division of family responsibilities, and all branches have the obligation to grant paternity leave. The same occurs with the federal judicial branch which includes maternal and paternal care leave, in favor of public servants. Coahuila and CDMX have 'Guidelines for Responsible Paternity and Maternity' to guarantee harmony and balanced coexistence of families and the 'Register of Alimony Debtors and Defaulters' (mostly men). The Civil Code of the State of Mexico indicates that in cases of divorce, when one of the...more

"Off-farm income (where people earn money in parallel careers) tends to be a feature of Australian farms – it helps families ride out the peaks and troughs of inclement weather and fluctuating demand for produce. About 50% of women on farms in Australia are working off-farm to help provide for their families" (Para 6-7).

"In 2008 the Government commissioned Statistics Sweden (SCB) to carry out a time use study. The study makes it possible to describe similarities and differences between the living conditions of women and men concerning the activities and organisation of everyday life. On the basis of the aim that women and men should share unpaid work equally, the statistics indicate that women and men in Sweden are more gender equal today than in the past. Women are reducing their housework while men are devoting at least as much time to housework as in the past. This reduction of housework has, in turn, provided the opportunity for more paid work" (page 23)....more

"The hit [from an oil spill caused by militant groups] to the country’s economy is significant, as more than than two-thirds of state budget comes from crude exports. But what do these numbers not show? How this disaster has shrunk the time that many women had to do paid work by increasing their unpaid work load. The labor that keeps the women in the Niger Delta busy tends to be care work—looking after children, the elderly, the ill—as well as cooking and cleaning. This is work that technically has a market value, but is done for free inside the home, and therefore traditional productivity measures like GDP don’t capture it....more

"Relying on this provision, the CEDAW Committee has urged Singapore to combat the 'persistence of patriarchal attitudes and deep-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men within the family and society at large,' and expressed its concern that, 'despite the legal equality accorded to spouses, discriminatory traditional cultural attitudes that continue to utilize “the head of the household” concept, assigning this role to men, persist' within that state"(78)

"Under the same provision of the CEDAW Convention, the CEDAW Committee expressed its concern about the 'emphasis on the role of women as mothers and caregivers' in the Russian Federation, noting that 'a shift from a focus on women primarily as wives and mothers to individuals and actors equal to men in society is required for the full implementation of the Convention and the achievement of equality of women and men'"(79)

"Time reallocations resulting from Nepal’s joining the Vegetable and Fruit Cash Crop Programme (VFC) were investigated in 1991–1993. The VFC aimed to encourage commercialization of fruits and vegetables by quality and productivity improvements, for the benefit of families who had hitherto produced fruits and vegetable for their own consumption. Using various methodologies to observe 264 households, researchers found that VFC participation increased the time dedicated by women (and even moderately by men) to children under 5 years of age in families with more than one preschooler. In contrast, in households with only one preschooler, parents tended to spend more time on cultivation, especially for the cash crops, at the expense...more

"Women commonly face difficulties in reconciling responsibilities in the care economy—particularly the minding and educating of children of pre-school age—and employment on farms. In addition to modes of remuneration, the unavailability of public child-care services combined with poor transportation services may lead women to bring children with them to work on plantations. This has been documented in the horticultural sector in Punjab (Gill 2001), and in informal settlements established near plantations during the working season in South Africa (Barrientos, Dolan, and Tallontire 2003)"(47)

"Studies in Thailand and Iran found that children whose mothers worked in the formal sector (Thailand) or spend more than 3 hours per day outside the home (Iran) could experience worsened nutritional or health outcomes because of the reduced time allocated to care by the mother. These studies conclude that 'reduced maternal care effects' predominate over 'income effects' when the mother takes up employment outside the home (Chutikul 1986; Rabiee and Giessler 1992)"(69)

"Even when most contracted work is performed by the wife and other family members, it is not unusual for the contract to be signed by the husband, as head of household. This is seen in sugar contract farming in South Africa"(37)

"Most studies, however, including a major study using household-level data in the Philippines in 1985 and in 2003–2004, conclude instead that income effects predominate. Although time dedicated to care may in some cases decline, the welfare of children generally is increased when mothers augment their income with employment outside the home (Salazar and Quisumbing 2009)"(69)."An oft-cited example is the work by the international NGO Helen Keller International, launched initially in Bangladesh in the 1980s, and expanded later to Cambodia, Nepal, and the Philippines (Ianotti, Cunningham, and Ruel 2009; Meinzen-Dick et al. 2011b). Working together with local partners, Helen Keller International supports women’s production of nutritious food on family plots, with...more

"Training in Papua New Guinea by the United States Agency for International Development could not be attended by most women because of the required travel and 3 days away from family responsibilities (Cahn 2008)"(30)

"An oft-cited example is the work by the international NGO Helen Keller International, launched initially in Bangladesh in the 1980s, and expanded later to Cambodia, Nepal, and the Philippines (Ianotti, Cunningham, and Ruel 2009; Meinzen-Dick et al. 2011b). Working together with local partners, Helen Keller International supports women’s production of nutritious food on family plots, with significant reductions in micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin A, iron, and zinc) in the households concerned. In addition to increasing dietary diversity, such strategies may allow women to build economic assets (with the raising of poultry, for example), and improve their role in decision making within the family while fulfilling their domestic and child-care responsibilities. Women’s...more