The German Fern Universität at Hagen has developed more than 1,600 courses for tertiary education at the graduate and postgraduate levels. The university is a public state university with study centres located all over Germany as well as at neighbouring countries such as Austria, Switzerland and the Czech Republic. Historically, teaching was delivered by… (More)

Starting from some basic characteristics of instructional video and TV steps in production and organization will be described in detail. Then the scope is extended to discuss more general design concepts in instructional filming. As video sequences frequently form part of multimedia instructional software the respective production and design concepts gain… (More)

Orthodontic tooth movement along the arch wire is associated with a frictional force between bracket and wire. There is as yet little certainty as to how much force is lost as a result of friction. Therefore a measuring apparatus was used to measure torque in relation to bracket angulation. In all, five types of wire, each of different dimensions were… (More)