noteThe full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Apache Tomcat/7.0.57 logs.

Down to earth

1 December, 2017

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The city has witnessed a surge of interest in terrace gardening and kitchen farming in the last couple of years. Advocates of the activity include people who are fed-up with pesticide-ridden vegetables and even architects who incorporate green elements in their interiors. But, very few have addressed the lack of availability of fertile soil within the urban conglomerate. Aluva-based Anas Nasser’s soil substitute, Organure, brings a feasible solution to the issue, rooted in traditional farming methods.

Styled to need This management graduate started his affair with the production industry through carbon products like biochar and coconut shell charcoal. It’s during his struggles to get loans from the government for entrepreneurship that he learned about the possibilities of cocopeat, a substance available in plenty in the land of coconuts. Setting out into his own experimental learning style, he mastered the technique of converting the raw material into biofertilizer from Central Coir Research Institute, Kalavoor, Alappuzha. “We filter the peat to fine particles and subject them to bioreaction through bacterial action.

After composting for 10 days, we add other ingredients to make our products,” says the 26-year-old, who has devised separate mixes for native and international clientele. Kochi’s terrace farmers can opt for their fertile mix which contains powdered goat manure and marothi seed dust. Interior garden enthusiasts, who prefer beautified versions, can opt for Organure’s fancier blends which contain seaweed extracts, perlite or vermiculite. `45 per kg onwards, Details: 8848644650

Support structure Alongside his experiments with soil replacement, Anas has also developed efficient garden designs for scanty spaces. He creates vertical garden pouches and pipe-based paraphernalia which can be used for raising vegetables and plants. He also strives to create awareness on how people can utilise minimal spaces by setting up kitchen gardens and even supplying seeds.

Forest Service combats tree deaths with recycled wood

1 December, 2017

Clear.

A clear sky. Low 39F. Winds light and variable.

Curtis Kvamme, a soil scientist at the Stanislaus National Forest, pours biochar next to a tree near Arnold. The United States Forest Service is scattering the substance over a 16-acre lot where about 5,000 bark beetle-infested trees were felled in 2016.

Curtis Kvamme, a soil scientist at the Stanislaus National Forest, pours biochar next to a tree near Arnold. The United States Forest Service is scattering the substance over a 16-acre lot where about 5,000 bark beetle-infested trees were felled in 2016.

Curtis Kvamme took an orange bucket that held just under 5 gallons of dark, black sediment, walked approximately 20 yards and dumped the sediment at the base of a pine tree that has lost many of its needles.

“Eighty-eight,” said the Sonora-based soil scientist at the Stanislaus National Forest of the bucket count.

One-hundred fifty tons to go.

Scientists began a study Monday in a part of the forest near Arnold, where evidence of historically arid conditions earlier in the decade can be seen in trees that have been devastated by bark beetles nearby. The goal is to try to save and rejuvenate the forest.

Workers pour what amounts to recycled trees – turned into biochar after being roasted without oxygen – onto the soil with hopes it will hold more ground moisture to feed the struggling canopy. It would pay off in the summer months when conditions turn dry.

If the ground holds more water, effectively watered trees would be able to better fight off attacks from bugs that thrive when their victims cannot produce enough sap to deter invasions, said Debbie Page-Dumroese, a research soil scientist for the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the United States Forest Service. In turn, the efforts could also reduce fire risk.

It is not known how the environment will react to the study, a long-term evaluation of biochar use. Similar queries throughout western states like Montana, Utah, Oregon and Idaho have seen an improvement in ground vegetation and seedling growth.

The soil in the Stanislaus forest is different from other locations that have been studied thus far, said Page-Dumroese. The dirt is fine, clay-like and rocky. Other soils have been sandy and rocky, she said.

If results reflect a positive effect on the area, biochar could provide an alternative to the carbon dioxide pollution from smoky burn piles. Page-Dumroese said chopped stacks of trees could be turned into biochar, which is made when wood is burned without oxygen at 752 degrees Fahrenheit.

“When you burn wood in a burn pile, you lose 90 percent of the biocarbon,” said Kvamme. “When you use the biochar, you save 80 percent of it.”

The Forest Service has a patent out for a portable container to manufacture biochar onsite, said Page-Dumroese. A Florida-based company is currently working on the prototype. She said it is expected to be done by next year.

Ultimately, the businesses could prosper from the prototype, she said. They are focusing on salvaging dead or dying timber industries in rural areas. For the next 20 years, scientists will observe the biochar in the Stanislaus National Forest in a 16-acre plot where approximately 5,000 beetle-killed trees were removed in the fall of 2016, said Marcus Taylor, a wood and biomass utilization scientist with the USFS.

The biochar on site as of Monday was hauled into the area aboard trucks after it was made out of recycled almond trees from Merced, said Page-Dumroese. Truckers brought biochar in and hauled out stacks of felled trees to use as fuel to make more.

The project cost about $150,000. Page-Dumroese said the Forest Service is paying for the study.

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Bio char research paper

Bio char research papers

Installation of decentralized units for biogas production along with indigenous upgradation systems can be an effective approach to meet growing energy demands of the rural population. Therefore, readily available leaf waste was used to prepare biochar at different temperatures and employed for H2S removal from biogas produced via anaerobic digestion plant. It is found that biochar prepared via carbonization of leaf waste at 400 °C effectively removes 84.2% H2S (from 1254 ppm to 201 ppm) from raw biogas for 25 minutes in a continuous adsorption tower. Subsequently, leaf waste biochar compositional, textural and morphologicalproperties before and after H2S adsorption have been analyzed using proximate analysis, CHNS, BET surface area, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX. It is found that BET surface area, pore size, and textural properties of leaf waste biochar plays a crucial role in H2S removal from the biogas.

Bio Char

1 December, 2017

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About AirTerra

1 December, 2017

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Best Tips For Finding Affordable Biochar Production Equipment F

2 December, 2017

The development and sale of biochar has risen exponentially, especially with the aid of pyrolysis machines. Charcoal is extremely an easy task to make with these machines and pyrolysis plants that could be found worldwide. It is a byproduct of taking both organic and inorganic products and breaking them down chemically. The molecular structure changes, ultimately causing the production of biofuel that will replace diesel fuel, and biochar that may be burnt as charcoal. To get the most effective biochar production equipment on the market, at an affordable price, the following advice will cause you to the best companies.

A Brief Breakdown Of This Technique

This method is in fact very clear and understandable. Looking at a biomass pyrolysis power plant, this makes more sense by examining this from the massive perspective. Assuming you will have a steady availability of biodegradable materials like wood chips, palm kernels, coconut shells, and even sludge, this may be placed in to these machines. If it is a pyrolysis plant, it is going to have a big reactor that is the location where the material will go. Temperatures is going to be increased before the chemical composition from the material starts to break up. This is funneled into different areas, and the physical residue of this process would be the biochar. Since oxygen was pulled from the whole process of breaking this down, it will not have burned, and that’s why the charcoal can be used as barbecues, or even heating homes in locations where electricity and also other sorts of power are tricky to find.

Do You Need To Use A Large Availability Of Biomass?

The quantity of biodegradable material which you have available, and even materials like plastic or rubber, will gauge how much production you will have. If you want to make the most money using this type of business, it is strongly advised which you have a sizable source of this product to process. Some individuals create entire plants close to areas where there will probably be a huge harvest of coconuts, rice, or they might create close to a landfill. In that way, they may have easy access to the materials that might be required for the pyrolysis process to be effective. The better which you have, the greater charcoal you are going to create, which leads to increased amounts of production. Therefore, if you have a large supply of this material which may be processed, our recommendation is that you spend money on a full pyrolysis plant that may handle the greater volume of material you have available.

This is certainly becoming among the top items that people can find if they need to contribute to the planet, and in addition earn money on the way. Once they do have access to these biodegradable and nonbiodegradable products, plus they have enough money to pay, it’s definitely a sensible decision to make. There will always be going to be buyers for charcoal, not to mention biofuel for people who run diesel motors at large commercial or industrial locations. Once you get going, you will observe how beneficial this is certainly for helping retain the landfills clear, and in addition the actual way it will benefit your own or business finances. Start looking for affordable bio charcoal production equipment on the market to begin with this industry.

Biochar research paper

2 December, 2017

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Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry

2 December, 2017

The result is a lawn with the color you desire without excessive growth and mowing! Heirloom Seeds. Use for vine vegetables, fruits and flowers. Ancestral dogs and cats ate bones. Generally, these laws prohibit phosphorus fertilizer application unless it is for (1) curing a lack of necessary phosphorus, (2) establishing new turf, or (3) repairing turf. POULTRY LITTER CONDITIONER & LITTER pH REDUCER” If Ammonia affects your farm profits? Use Literon Proper Air Quality is important for the health of birds. Keywords:Phosphoric Acid,Phosphoric Acid 85,PA,Phosphoric Acid Food Grade,Phosphoric Acid. If you find the leaves of tomato plant turning yellow in your garden, you want to figure out what is causing the issue. Quality slow release fertilizer products from slow release fertilizer manufacturers, wholesalers, suppliers and exporters. San Pedro Cactus, Peruvian Torch Cactus, Achuma Cactus, en de Kale San Pedro Cactus.

The bone meal class is a class where you have to use different strategies every time you play as it because it gets 3 random of tons of feather meal royal canin aquarium substrate best abilities. Testing nutrient levels of poultry manure because it provides an organic fertilizer for farm fields. Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry if the job is too big to do it yourself these companies use Grass Pad products. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus. The Eureka lemon and the Lisbon lemon are two bitter-flavored lemons.

Avoid expensive organic fertilizers with these suggestions for lower-cost options. View Full Calendar of Events >> Community Thanks for the tomato plants you sent me. Shop the latest collection of vegetables meals from the most popular stores — all in one place.

Overall Rating for Dr. Use hand-held pruners on larger perennials such as Buddleia better known as the Butterfly Bush. Click it on anything that needs to be fertilized the same as you would for manure rot or guano.

Fertilizer plant explosion in Texas leaves dozens injured — The Daily Collegian Thus by the off-center location I can provide a readily adjustable flow rate of material through the the potential exists for tcsv environmentally friendly

Examples of manufactured or chemically-synthesized inorganic fertilizers include ammonium nitrate potassium sulfate and superphosphate or triple superphosphate. Trees and shrubs are the foundation of a good Some plants require acid soil some need alkaline soil — for example rhododendrons and azaleas Compost tea practitioners are familiar with Alaska Humus and they’ve heard of Georgia Humus. One-half pint of transplanting solution should be injected into the furrow at the roots of each plant at time of Our toxic environments and lifestyles literally cause the body to produce inflammatory hormones at levels that interfere with natural life-preserving processes. I only visit them once a week to take the pictures.

One of the most common questions I get about the vegetable garden is how to stop the yellow leaves that begin on the bottom of tomato plants and move up the plant to ruin the production of food. Dig your planting hole the same depth the fig trees were growing in the pot or the nursery row. Home Product list Seaweed fertilizer( water irrigation) Selnd-WI-4 Amino seaweed water irrigation fertilizer. Organic fertilizer expiration date.

The strength of the fertilizer is gradually increased as the plants grow and become more hardy. Each plant will produce a limited number of fruit before ceasing production. Fertilizing Basics: Growing Veggies. Blackspot is a plant disease caused by wind borne fungus spores in water drops.They land on the top of the leaves and when growing looks like circular black spots with irregular edges. Abigal Gordon’s Home Grown Tomatoes. Fertilize newly seeded areas with a good start-up lawn fertilizer we recommend you use Green Start. Dark own to black spots with yellow margins on leaves; raised own specks on fruit.

Supplier:Luancheng Terife Agricultural Materials Co. Ltd. Can I fertilize my citrus now? For the homeowner growing citrus in North Florida the recommended time to fertilize your citrus is when you see the first flush of growth. Growing tomatoes indoors can mean an earlier crop.

A thorough watering once a week during hot dry weather should be sufficient. Before planting tomatoes remove all clay pots plastic pots or wood bands from the soil ball. He doesn’t water it he doesn’t fertilize it he doesn’t move it so it gets ideal sunlight NOTHING.

Although we specialize in the planting of evergreen privacy screens Hydroponic Outlet and Garden Supply. Inorganic fertilizers are inexpensive and are the most frequently used fertilizers for trees. Most factory farm tomatoes are picked green and turn red while they are driving the average 1500 miles to get to you. In most of the cases this is caused by deficiency of iron in the aquarium water. Special tomato harvesting tips. For other think plastic like re-used water bottle cap using drill bit size 5/16? is recommended.

Another reason tomatoes are such a popular home garden plant is in part because they are one of the easiest to care for. General Marijuana Growing Tomato Cages??? in the The Grow Room forums; I was told I needed to get some tomato cages because when the plants start getting bigger they will start Poo — The Chicken Keeper’s Guide in Poultry FAQs and other Information — Page 1. Manufactured organic fertilizers The fertilizers which are manufactured by decomposition of natural waste material are termed as manufactured organic fertilizers. Pachysandra plants planted spring fertilizer recommend. 10 raised bed garden ideas. Phosphate rock — Mineral Resources Program — USGS . blood fish and bonemeal; liquid seaweed fertilizer; and homemade plant feeds such as the diluted liquor from a wormery or fertilizers made from Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry soaking comfrey leaves.

Crepe myrtle pruning and trimming info. federal home ln MTG corp Us treas-cpi inflation index. Download thousands of free photos on Freepik the finder with more than a million free graphic resources. If your soil test shows an adequate level of phosphorus choose a fertilizer blend that does not contain it. That means the plant can use the nitrogen right away.

Home > Fertilizers > Water Soluble > Grow More Citrus-Food 20-10-15 Fertilizer Mix (1.5 lbs). “What things fertilizer or weed killer first nitrate potassium should I know about planting and growing my tomatoes?” See our feature pages on Lagerstromeia and Roses. One of the things that never cease to amaze me is how many commercial nursery growers in India never fertilize their pot plants. Fish Emulsion — good overall liquid fertilizer makes miniature roses grow especially well. Want to make the worlds best pumpkin pie from a fresh pumpkin? Should you wish to convert these standard recommendations to organic fertilizer rates visit the site from the University of Georgia Circular 853 How to Convert an Inorganic Fertilizer Recommendation to an Organic One. Composition Elements: Feather meal bone meal Guano Peru nature phosphate maerl bentonite basalt seeweed meal lava meal.

Never put fertilizers such as dry pellets or fertilizer “spikes” containing nitrogen when planting a Japanese maple in the backfill because root injury may result. juno reactor — solaris-ms.mp3 KSLA-0076]Rewrite Arrangement Album-Branch/Fertilizer.mp3 11.80 Mb [ShibayanRecords] This training is used Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry in most vineyards because it’s the most productive. You can get blood and bone meals in 5-pound bags at any garden store nursery Home Depot or Lowe’s; and you can get it in 50-pound bags at many feed stores. I heard that when you prepare your soil to plant tomato you should throw in a hand full of lime to mix in with the soil.

If you see own spots forming on the fruit they might be blossom end rot a sign of inconsistent watering. Use a mix of coffee grounds and water to dye clothing paper or even Easter eggs. process become animal feed the hops become fertilizer and surplus yeast makes yeast extract or health products. Biogas production requires equipment that can cost thousands of dollars and may require the help of a consultant to set it up adding to the cost. I remember when I could barely get the tomato plants to grow. Choosing Your Tomato Variety.

This granular fertilizer for Huerta and Garden incorporates Mycco Vital increasing growth productivity and resistance to drought and cold . Product Details of fertilizer spreader DFC-2500 Fertilizer spreader with good price from China manufacturer on Hisupplier.com. In like manner Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry soil nutrients can be easily improved by using kelp fertilizers. Corn Crop Removal Rates Biochar Manure Poultry Whiteflies are tiny insects that will lift up in a how much bone meal per tomato plant kill weeds fertilize first cloud when an infected plant is disturbed.

Central Valley Supporters of first time Congressional candidate Jose Hernandez are. If tomato seedlings are tall and leggy, plant the stem in the ground up to the top cluster of leaves. Natures Menu also offers organic chicken necks. Use either special African violet fertilizers or a houseplant fertilizer high in phosphorus. Neptunes Harvest Organic Fish/Seaweed Blend Fertilizer gives you the best of both products with a perfect blend of fish hydrolysate and seaweed, ensuring a complete fertilization program. Tomato plant fungus can attack at any stage of the plants growth and affect all parts of the plant. Learn how to grow beautiful landscapes inside or outside your home, & more on Miraclegro.com. Organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly, relying on soil organisms to break down organic matter. MANGO Mangifera indica L. Source: Information for this case study was provided by P. Labeled nitrogen fertilizer research with urea in the semi-arid tropics. They build all their own organic fertilizers and organic pesticides using products and bi-products produced on the farm. I planted it correctly as I do all my trees, and fetilized it with tree tone organic fertilizer. http://teep.tamu.edu/

The synthetic evaluation of CuO-MnO x

2 December, 2017

A series of low-cost Cu-Mn-mixed oxides supported on biochar (CuMn/HBC) synthesized by an impregnation method were applied to study the simultaneous removal of formaldehyde (HCHO) and elemental mercury (Hg0) at 100–300° C from simulated flue gas. The metal loading value, Cu/Mn molar ratio, flue gas components, reaction mechanism, and interrelationship between HCHO removal and Hg0 removal were also investigated. Results suggested that 12%CuMn/HBC showed the highest removal efficiency of HCHO and Hg0 at 175° C corresponding to 89%and 83%, respectively. The addition of NO and SO2 exhibited inhibitive influence on HCHO removal. For the removal of Hg0, NO showed slightly positive influence and SO2 had an inhibitive effect. Meanwhile, O2 had positive impact on the removal of HCHO and Hg0. The samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, XPS, ICP-AES, FTIR, and H2-TPR. The sample characterization illustrated that CuMn/HBC possessed the high pore volume and specific surface area. The chemisorbed oxygen (Oβ) and the lattice oxygen (Oα) which took part in the removal reaction largely existed in CuMn/HBC. What is more, MnO2 and CuO (or Cu2O) were highly dispersed on the CuMn/HBC surface. The strong synergistic effect between Cu-Mn mixed oxides was critical to the removal reaction of HCHO and Hg0 via the redox equilibrium of Mn4+ + Cu+ ↔ Mn3+ + Cu2+.

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REGULAR readers will be aware that I keep banging on about the importance of soil, but there’s no escaping the fact you can transform poor, thin ground into a healthy haven for plants over time. Many years ago, I had a sair fecht driving a fork more than 10 centimetres into my ground, but I can now feed the family all-year-round from the same spot.

It pays dividends to understand what makes the ground tick and the tools you’ll need, and with Christmas fast approaching it’s an ideal time to compile a wish-list for Santa. Some ideas here are inexpensive, others less so, but they should all be part of a gardener’s tool kit.

Most British books describe methods and timing for warmer, sunnier gardens than ours, so I was pleased to come across a new title from Sweden. Good Soil by Tina Raman and friends (Frances Lincoln, £18.95) is a very approachable book designed for folk with little or no scientific training or knowledge, explaining fairly complex ideas very clearly.

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The authors touch on topics we often know less about than we imagine, such as humus and how different soil types look and work. She also identifies what drives the nutrient cycles in the soil and shows how our actions affect them.

It’s an up-to-date work too which includes passages on biochar, a combination of manure and charcoal which was uncovered by archaeologists studying how peoples in the Amazon created highly productive “black earth” from poor forest soils.

The authors make good use of sidebars to help explain this. They write: “The good storage properties of charcoal depend on its tiny structure. It’s like a sponge with a huge surface area, sucking up both water and nutrients to be dealt out at the right levels later on.” Gardeners can now buy biochar or make their own by buying charcoal, grinding it down to 1cm fragments and soaking it in dilute urine and liquid feed such as nettle, comfrey or, if necessary, an organic fertiliser.

There’s lots more, including stunning photographs and detailed instructions on how and when to feed different ornamentals and edibles, but I confess I was riveted to a table outlining the NPK (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) content of different manures and how long the ground benefits from a dressing of different mucks.

My spring forays to a nearby field, filling an old onion bag with sheep goodies, were well worth it, soaking my treasure in a barrel of water to make the perfect feed. I could assure my old lab/collie cross there was more to sheep than providing an alluring shoulder perfume after a vigorous roll.

There’s every kind of compost, nutrient and fertiliser for the soil, but you first need to know what to buy. Start by using a pH kit to test the ground’s alkalinity or acidity. This shows which plants will thrive and whether you should modify the soil. Kits range from £7 to £15 and give a general indication. I find probes, priced from £10 to £20, are less reliable, especially if they also claim to record temperature and moisture.

More detailed kits also measure nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, the elements controlling plant establishment, growth, flowering and fruiting. A Selfcontrol kit for £28 is a good option, and in my experience the Hanna Instruments kit, (£59, hannainstruments.co.uk) makes an invaluable present.

I find checking soil temperature is just as important for working out when to sow and plant besides for monitoring compost temperatures, showing how different materials affect the heat.

Simple steel probe compost thermometers are available at £9.95 from thermometerspecialist.co.uk. They also work well in the soil. Undoubtedly the deluxe version is ThermaData’s TD Data Logger, (£72, thermometer.co.uk), which records and downloads temperature fluctuations over 24 hours. My son gave it to me as a Christmas present a few years ago and now I wouldn’t be without it.

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Ultimate Guide to Biochar

2 December, 2017

Ever heard of biochar? For most home gardeners, chances are that it’s a brand new term.

In short, biochar is a charcoal compound added to soil that makes it more fertile. Biochar has a long and complex history of use in indigenous farming throughout West Africa and the Amazon rainforest where the incredible results can be seen even today.

Many scientists believe this ancient agricultural technique has the potential to increase crop yields and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at the same time.

But what does any of this have to do with your home garden? You might not be running a high-yield farm or trying to capture carbon. But biochar has a host of benefits to the soil in your yard or garden and can increase your fertility significantly. If your home is built on infertile ground, trying to grow anything can be frustrating. Biochar can help revitalize poor soil and can help increase the harvest and yield in your vegetable garden.

Biochar is technically a soil additive, or enhancer, that helps soil to create, sustain, and replenish the growing environment for plants and organic life to thrive within.

The word “biochar” takes “bio-” as in “biomass” and “char” as in “charcoal” and puts them together, because that’s actually what it is.

European settlers in South America called it terra preta de Indio, which is still a common name for biochar in Portuguese.

Although making charcoal may sound like a strange way to boost crop production, the concept was proven more than 2,000 years ago, where pre-Columbian farmers in South America added charcoal to the poor soils of the Amazon rainforest to create a rich, fertile soil.

These soils improved with biochar from so long ago are still fertile today, and contain as much as 35 percent of their organic carbon in the form of charcoal. Research studies over the past decade at have found that these biochar enriched, charcoal-amended soils hold more water and nutrients while simultaneously making the water and nutrients readily available to plants.

The biochar itself used to improve the soil quality can be made from either wood or agricultural byproducts. The key is to heat the material to a high temperature in an oxygen-starved environment.

Indigenous farmers in pre-Columbian South America did that by burying the material in pits, where it burned for days. Today though, there are dozens of do-it-yourself videos on YouTube that teach how to make biochar in just a few hours using things like steel drums.

The soil fertility enhancing benefits of biochar are just one reason there’s a groundswell of interest in biochar production. Some enthusiasts are drawn by a desire to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide. That’s because about half of the carbon from wood chips, corn stalks and other biomass — carbon that otherwise typically goes into the atmosphere — can be locked away inside biochar for thousands of years.

Most of biochar’s benefits are related to the extremely porous nature of the charcoal like material. Biochar is highly effective at retaining both water, and water soluble nutrients while also creating a healthy habitat for beneficial soil microorganisms.

Multiple agricultural studies have shown positive effects using biochar to improve crop production in degraded and nutrient poor soils.

The charcoal portion of biochar is very stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients, literally transforming poor quality soil into rich, fertile soil that retains its fertility over hundreds, or even thousands of years.

Deforested soils in the Amazon are typically productive for just a short period of time because of the poor fertility of the soil. This means that farmers must constantly move to new areas and cut down more of the Amazon forest to effectively grow crops, resulting in increasing deforestation.

Biochar “terra preta” soil, unlike unimproved Amazon soil, is less prone to nutrient leaching caused by heavy rains and floods because of the high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter. The charcoal holds, grabs and accumulates nutrients, minerals, and microorganisms.

Scientists estimate that some terra preta soils in South America created with biochar from the pre Columbian period were made by humans over between 450 BC and 950 AD. The dark, rich soil’s depth where biochar was made that long ago still reaches up to 2 meters deep even today.

Thousands of years after its original creation, this biochar enriched soil still regenerates itself at the rate of around 1 cm per year. It is highly sought out by local farmers in the Amazonian basin, who seek it for use in farming and also for sale as valuable potting soil.

This TEDx talk gives a short and very compelling overview of biochar.

According to the International Biochar Initiative, biochar is made through a process that converts “agricultural waste into a soil enhancer.” It can also be created from natural vegetation fires, such as those caused by lightning strikes, brush fires, and other conditions conducive to fires.

The Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies explains that biochar is created through a process called pyrolysis: “Organic waste such as wood chips, agricultural byproducts or switchgrass is burned, yielding oil, synthetic gas, and a solid residue resembling charcoal.” It’s a highly porous type of charcoal acting as a filter to absorb harmful chemicals and compounds while allowing helpful nutrients through.

Biochar has proven to be beneficial for a number of environmental concerns, including: supporting plant growth (and thus food security in developing countries), reducing soil erosion, diminishing the effects of deforestation, and preventing groundwater pollution by helping the soil to retain its nutrients. Furthermore, a number of studies have documented the use of biochar as instrumental in restoring forests and croplands ravaged by human consumption.

Biochar is history’s best-kept agricultural secret to achieve incredibly fertile soil. Versions of biochar have been around for hundreds—maybe even thousands—of years in parts of Africa and the Amazon rainforest. In a time when the agricultural industry has sapped nutrients from the land, some parts of the world cannot produce adequate nutrition and climate change is an eminent threat, perhaps biochar will be necessary in the future.

Villagers in parts of West Africa have used charcoal and kitchen waste to replenish nutrient-poor soil and transform it into fertile farmland for approximately 700 years. West African women add ash, bone, and other organic matter to the soil in order to create what scientists call “African Dark Earths.”

One study out of the University of Sussex analyzed these methods and concluded that African Dark Earths, such as ash and bone, have the potential to improve soil fertility of soil in parts of the world that lack nutrient-rich soil and improve food security in a way that mitigates climate change. Potentially, the expansion of these ancient farming methods across Africa could stabilize regions affected by food insecurity.

On the other side of the world, Pre-Columbian Amazons used similar techniques. Scientists estimate that indigenous Brazilians have been using biochar, called terra preta de indio or Amazonian Dark Earths, for between 500 and 2,500 years.

At this point, scientists are not sure whether the biochar used in the Amazon was created intentionally or was naturally occurring within the environment. Whatever the case, biochar’s effects on fertility are astounding. According to Cornell University, fallow periods in Amazonian Dark Earths last only six months. By comparison, other areas in the region have fallow periods that last anywhere from eight to 10 years.

Unfortunately, widespread use of biochar in West Africa and the Amazon disappeared after European colonialism. It is likely that Western settlers favored their own farming practices and imposed these methods on their colonies, causing the use of biochar to disappear over time. Now these methods have been rediscovered.

A study conducted by Rice University explored biochar’s uses for agricultural application and found that “when added to soil, the porous carbon has been shown to boost crop yields, lessen the need for fertilizer, and reduce pollutants by storing nitrogen that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere.”

What’s more, according to the International Biochar Initiative, “sustainable biochar practices can also produce oil and gas byproducts that can be used as fuel, providing clean, renewable energy.” The fact that this naturally occurring element can help to reduce our carbon footprint is pretty spectacular in itself.

“We know that biochar impacts the soil nitrogen cycle, and that’s how it reduces nitrous oxide,” explains Dr. Caroline Masiello, Rice professor of environmental and planetary science. Biochar is the result of a natural order of the life cycle process, of decomposition and reproduction, that when effectively applied can help repair our atmosphere by cleansing and removing excess CO2 from the air we breathe.

Scientists and green engineers believe that if we could harness this process and introduce more geoengineering into urban design and infrastructure models, such as rooftop gardens in cities vulnerable to pollution, there is a chance the effects of continued environmental pollution could be reduced, prevented, and perhaps even reversed.

Biochar stores carbon in a stable form, which prevents CO2 in the organic matter from dissipating into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide gas. In fact, YaleEnvironment360 cited a study showing that 12 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions could be offset with biochar production. Biochar has even already been put forward as an option in reports by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Other studies have shown that the ancient Amazonians who used this technique produced similar results. This evidence fosters hope that the Earth is capable of replenishing and repairing itself. And if mankind does its part to help rather than hinder that process, we can help support the same natural protection mechanisms the planet has always had against today’s ever-looming threats of climate change.

Think of biochar as a giant sponge underground, trapping harmful runoff from pesticides, antibiotics, and other chemicals—preventing pollutants from reaching the aquifers that we tap into for drinking water. These aquifers also feed into rivers and lakes, making biochar even more important. Though it should be remembered though is this—the biochar of the past, from the Amazon, is vastly different in composition from today’s biochar.

It’s very clear that biochar improves soil and soil fertility, and also captures carbon at the same time. Are there any downsides to using it?

On a small scale, using it in our own gardens, probably not.

But on a larger scale, there are a few potential problems. The idea of burning millions of acres of crops and manure just to bury the remains and start the growing process again concerns some scientists and agriculture experts.

However, Dave Levitan, writing for the YaleEnvironment360, explains this dual nature of biochar. Jim Hansen of NASA admits that while biochar “could absolutely add some benefit to a range of climate mitigation strategies,” it’s far from a “miracle cure.”

Despite the slow wheels of progress, there are already more than 120 companies already manufacture biochar or products related to it for farms and gardeners or sell pyrolysis equipment including pyrolysis cook stoves. “Most of the companies are located in the U.S., such as New England Biochar, although the number of companies involved continues to rise dramatically — including firms in Europe, Australia, and Brazil.”

So is biochar an ancient miracle technique to end world hunger or a dangerous manmade additive with the potential to ruin the world’s agricultural industry? The answer is not a simple yes or no. It depends on the type of biochar and what it is used for.

In an article published by The Journal of Environmental Quality, the authors write that biochar is primarily beneficial to soils that are already low in nutrients. Adding biochar to soil that is already fertile will not necessarily help productivity.

In “Biochar, Carbon Accounting and Climate Change,” which appears in in the book Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation, the authors cite the Copenhagen Accord, which proposes to lower global temperatures by 2°C above preindustrial temperatures by converting biomass to biochar in order to meet this goal. Thus, biochar has the potential to positively impact the environment by removing carbon from the atmosphere and capturing it into the soil.

A lot of biochar’s benefits rest in its potential. Widespread use of biochar would be needed to see the kinds of crop yields and carbon sequestration that it’s capable of. However, biochar’s benefits are also dependent on the type of biochar used and how it is used. Additionally, more long-term studies are needed to ascertain if biochar would negatively impact soil environments or crop growth. Like most everything in life, biochar is not fully good or fully bad; it is dependent on how it is used and for what purpose.

Why would you want to use biochar in your garden? Because biochar enriches the soil! Whether you’re growing flowering plants, fruit trees, vegetable gardens, or just a healthy lawn, the additive can improve crop yields by increasing water retention and moderating the pH of your soil. You don’t have to use biochar on a large scale to see its effects. You can see results when you use it to improve your own garden soil.

To use biochar in your own garden, begin by mixing a combination of biochar and compost or fertilizer. Set this mixture aside for at least 10 days before applying it to your growing area, while continuing to blend and add water each day; when the mixture is ready to be applied, till it into the top four to six inches of existing soil.

According to Wakefield Biochar, for your average backyard garden with healthy soil, a 5-10-percent biochar mixture is ideal. That’s about one cubic foot for an eight-by-four-foot garden, or a one-gallon bag for a four-by-two-foot garden. If the soil doesn’t show adequate resupply of nutrients adjust the mixture accordingly, maybe starting by stepping up to 20 percent of the formula. However, if your soil is severely depleted of nutrients, begin with an increased proportion of half biochar and half compost.

Alternatively, you may choose to build up the soil fertility over time by repeating the process over the course of several months as needed. Keep in mind though, that it may take a few weeks to start noticing an improvement in your plant growth as a result of the increased nutrient absorption. However, an added benefit of using biochar is that its porous composition aids in water retention, so if your geography receives little rainfall, your biochar-enriched soil will help keep the garden better hydrated, and you won’t need to replenish the soil quite so often to sustain the nutrients.

The product is readily available for sale from a number of vendors, including NextChar, Wakefield Biochar, and even Amazon. A typical price for a one-gallon bag is about five to ten dollars, while a cubic foot will run about $30. However, you can also save money by making your own biochar. There are a few methods, but essentially, it involves starting a fire, tending it, and retaining the remains. Here’s the simplest way, according to ChelseaGreen.com.

“Start by digging a trench in a bed. Then pile brush into the trench and light it. You want to have a fire that starts out hot, but is quickly slowed down by reducing the oxygen supply. Now watch the smoke; when it thins and turns grayish blue, dampen down the fire by covering it with about an inch of soil to reduce the air supply, and leave it to smolder. Once the organic matter has smoldered into charcoal chunks, use water to put out the fire.” Use the leftover charcoal for your biochar.

Another option is using reusable metal barrels like these for the fireplace, wood stove, or outdoor fire pit. Simply fill the barrel with kindling, such as wood chips, sticks and branches, scrap lumber, wood pellets, cardboard, nuts, bones, etc., and enjoy that warm, fuzzy feeling of sitting by a campfire—and saving the planet.

When building a fire to create your own biochar, always check with your local fire department to see if permits are necessary. The best weather conditions for the project are when it’s damp and windless. Thoroughly check your kindling for flammable substances, and carefully monitor the fire until it’s completely dead.

Biochar has a long and complicated history. From its ancient origins in West Africa and the Amazon rainforest to its modern uses in organic and green agriculture, biochar may be the natural soil additive the world needs.

In the home garden, biochar can be used help gardens grow in infertile soil or to get more fruits, veggies, and herbs out of the garden. Biochar can be a useful tool to save money and improve your garden soil to increase your harvest, while capturing carbon into the soil.

Nicholas Clowers is a freelance writer and editor for Russell Gibson Content. He is a Texan native and graduate of Texas Woman’s University, where he served as writing consultant for the English department. He is also a former actor, restaurant owner, Junior Olympic figure skating champion, and world traveler. He’s currently pursuing teacher certification for English and social studies. Nick is a voracious reader and passionate about writing on a variety of interests, including news, politics, education, science, and sports.

Saffyre Falkenberg began gardening with her grandmother as a child in Southern California. She continues to keep plants in her apartment in Texas and has a special love for succulents.

The application of biochar attenuated Zn mobility in soils and uptake to rice and wheat grains.

The presence of biochar increased the proportion of Zn-OM in soils.

Zn deficiency is a critical problem for many crops and human populations worldwide. Soil biochar amendment has recently been promoted as a sustainable agricultural practice. However, its effect on the bioavailability of micronutrients (especially Zn) to crops has not been fully addressed. This study investigated the impact of long-term biochar application in soils on Zn bioavailability to rice and wheat, using field experiments, and batch sorption/desorption experiments, in combination with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). In field soils biochar amendment increased total Zn content, but significantly decreased CaCl2-extractable Zn concentrations. Intriguingly, the uptake of Zn to wheat and rice grains was decreased. At high biochar application rates of 124 and 270 t/ha the Zn concentrations in wheat grains (36.6 and 37.5 mg/kg) reached a deficient level, lower than the recommended concentration of 45 mg/kg. The batch experiments showed that biochar application at a cumulative rate of 10.5, 15.8, 31.5, 124, and 270 t/ha significantly increased soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM) content, resulting in greater sorption and lower desorption of Zn. The EXAFS results demonstrated that the main forms of sorbed Zn were outer-sphere Zn complexes, Zn-illite, Zn-kaolinite and Zn-OM. The proportion of Zn-OM increased with increasing biochar application rates, suggesting that higher SOM might be more effective in immobilizing Zn and thus decreasing the Zn bioavailability. These results on the microscopic and macroscopic scales improved our understanding of the Zn bioavailability to crops, and raised potential concerns on the Zn deficiency in agricultural soils with long-term biochar application.

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The Promise of Biochar for Forests, Grasslands, and Farms

3 December, 2017

Prehistoric Indians living in the Amazon rain forest often spent their entire lives living and growing crops in one location, a feat accomplished by burning unwanted vegetation and putting the black carbon material into the soil. The resulting Terra Preta, literally meaning black earth soil, of the Amazon is a remarkable manmade legacy with higher nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium concentrations than other soils in the region. This incredible soil has retained its fertility for thousands of years.

U.S. Forest Service soil scientist Jim Archuleta works on the Umatilla National Forest in southeast Washington and northeast Oregon. In an effort to improve elk forage, he and a friend replicated this ancient method in a place called Fish Creek Desert to keep grass green into August.

Archuleta quickly saw a direct application for biochar in forest restoration work. The Forest Service conducts thinning projects on national forests to reduce crowded tree stands and to remove the excess fuels that make forest fires so dangerous. These projects leave behind piles of slash—cut limbs, tree tops, and brush—that in themselves have no commercial value. An existing technology called the Air Curtain Burner can convert the slash piles into ash, however, it can only make biochar in small batches.

Archuleta and his colleague Debbie Page-Dumroese at the agency’s Rocky Mountain Research Station modified the design of existing Air Curtain Burner technology to produce biochar in large quantities. This faster, more efficient process continuously pumps out commercial quantities of nutrient-rich biochar pellets while workers feed slash into the adapted equipment.

They have filed for patents on this technology with help from Forest Service Technology Transfer Coordinator Tom Moreland. Moreland is also working on a cooperative research and development agreement between the Forest Service and a private company interested in adding their proprietary technology to the processing unit to allow for more use of burned wood.

In addition to improving the soil for forest restoration projects, biochar holds promise for improving farm land in western states, where dry land farming practices are common. Archuleta is collaborating with Stephen Machado, the lead scientist at Oregon State University’s Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, to see if it can be used to help dry land wheat farmers.

However, biochar is not a panacea. Because of its water carrying capacity, on the wrong slope, unintended consequences may occur. But used prudently, the potential forests-to-farm applications of biochar are exciting.

* The dance music will start sometime between 6:30 and 7:00 depending on how long the Farming Awards take. Joanne Pontrello and the High Waisted Ramblers will help us whoop it up. Joanne is thinking “We will have an hour to 1 1/2 hour square dance, and fill out that first section with some old time fiddle tunes and songs. Then we will take a break and set up for the Cajun set with a few honky tonks thrown in. I am really looking forward to it! I am also thinking of doing a short two-step lesson before the Cajun part, just to give people a little something to experiment around with if they don’t have much experience partner dancing – it also gets people on the floor meeting and dancing with different people. “ ~ Joanne.

AFTERNOON MUSIC

* From 2:00 to 5:00 pm, Pretty Gritty and Small Souls will be playing live music on the Finnriver stage. Jack and Joe play a unique blend of Americana – Cowboy music, some Folk, a little Blues, and “BlueBilly Swing”.

DOOR PRIZES

* Roger Short (Short’s Family Farm) is donating some dairy manure laced with biochar for a door prize. You know you are at a farmer event when manure is one of the door prizes!

* Francesco Tortorici and friends are leading a biochar discussion group from 4:00 to 5:00.

* Francesco and Bryan are bringing two biochar burners to do a biochar demonstration. One is a 1/2 of a 55 gallon drum the other is about 42″ in diameter. The barrel would provide heat and make biochar. A warm place to stand around outside.

* Roger Short is bringing some biochar products to display and talk about.

* The PNW Biochar Atlas will be introduced.

* Gary Kline from the Olympia/Southwest WA Biochar Group is hoping to make it.

* Info on the Farmers Convergence & Mixer has gone out to over 300 people on the regional biochar networks.

CARBON FARMING

Dave Seabrook is bringing information to share on the Northwest Climate Toolbox, the Ag Climate Network, AgBiz Logic., and soil as carbon storehouse.

MORE OUTREACH

WSU County Extension sent an email about the Convergence & Mixer to over 900 addresses. 306 emails in Jefferson County, 342 in Clallam and 389 in Kitsap County.

GOVERNMENT POLICY DISCUSSION GROUP

* Nicole Witham is going to facilitate this section.

* Mark Jochems, Jefferson County Planning Commission, District 2, will be on hand to answer questions and inform us on the ways we can have input.

* Members of the Policy Committee of the Jefferson County Local Food System Council and the Olympic Peninsula Regenerative Agriculture Alliance will report briefly on their position papers.

* Andrea, the pig whisperer, is coming from Nash’s Organic Produce livestock division to call for a meat processing facility closer than the current 5-hour drive away.

* We will compile a list of ideas and recommendations) from the participants. Who are we presenting this list to? 1) First of all, ourselves the agriculture community, 2) Planning boards, county commissioners and State agencies. 3) The general public, the citizens of our region. Let them know what we farmers need so they can support us in building the local food economy.

BOOKSTORE

There will be an extensive bookstore of books for sale. Books on farming, horticulture, permaculture, crops, herbs and more.

FARMING AND FOOD FILM FESTIVAL

The Farming and Food Film Festival will screen movies every two weeks in January, February and March. The venue will likely be the classroom at the WSU Cooperative Extension’s office in Port Hadlock and/or the Port Hadlock Public Library. The exact dates should be set in early December. Judy Alexander and Michael Pilarski are compiling a list of films and at the Convergence we will ask for your ideas.

The Report Comprises of Various Company Profiles of Fundamental Market Players of Biochar Market

With thorough market segment in terms of different Countries, this report divides the market into a few key countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share, and growth rate of the market in these countries over the forecast period 2017-2022.

The Biochar Market to grow at a substantial Compound Annual Growth Rate during the forecast period 2017-2022.

Geographical Segmentation of Biochar Market:

The Report highlights key market dynamics of sector. Various definitions and classification of the industry, applications of the industry and chain structure are given. The current market scenario and future prospects of the sector also have been studied. Additionally, prime strategical activities in the market, which includes product developments, mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, etc., are discussed.

The research report offers answers to several important questions related to the growth of the Biochar market. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed, and overall research conclusions are offered. In a word, the report provides major statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

Home made Biochar

Biochar supported carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (FeS) composite (CMC-FeS@biochar) was prepared and tested for immobilization of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) in soil. Results of UV–vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the backbone of biochar suppressed the aggregation of FeS, resulting in smaller particle size and more sorption sites than bare FeS. The composite at a dosage of 2.5 mg per gram soil displayed an enhanced Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency (a 94.7% reduction in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) based leachability and a 95.6% reduction in the CaCl2 extraction) compared to plain biochar and bare FeS. Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that CMC-FeS@biochar promoted the conversion of more accessible Cr (exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) into the less accessible forms (iron-manganese oxides-bound, organic material-bound, and residual fractions) to reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) and that surface sorption and reduction were dominant mechanisms for Cr(VI) immobilization. CMC-FeS@biochar greatly reduced the bioavailability of Cr(VI) to wheat and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Moreover, the application of CMC-FeS@biochar enhanced soil organic matter content and microbial activity. This work highlighted the potential of CMC-FeS@biochar composite as a low-cost, “green”, and effective amendment for immobilizing Cr(VI) in contaminated soils and improving soil properties.

Quantification and characterization of chemically-and thermally-labile and recalcitrant biochar …

3 December, 2017

The C:N ratios of biochar labile fractions is important for assessing biochar stability and N cycling in soil. Here we compare chemically and thermally labile fractions for nine biochars produced from five biomass feedstocks using four production techniques. Biochar fractionation methods included proximate analysis, hot water extraction, acid and base extractions (0.05 M, 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, and 6 M of either H2SO4 or NaOH), and oxidation with 15% H2O2 and 0.33 M KMnO4 (pH 7.2). Results show chemical addition reactions cause underestimation of mass of the labile fraction for chemical extraction and oxidation procedures but not the thermal procedure. Estimates of C and N in labile and recalcitrant fractions were not adversely affected by addition reactions, because solvents were independent of C or N. Results indicate that herbaceous biochars may be a source of N fertility while hardwood biochars may immobilize N during the first few years after biochar application to soils.

How to make your own Bio-charlie biochar kiln

4 December, 2017

I’m gonna put this here in the advanced techniques well cause there fire and hot stuff.

Next you’re going to drill 5-6 holes along one side to allow outgassing and prevent it from popping due to internal pressure. I drill 6 holes at 1/8″ running next to the seam of the ducting.After running for the first time I’d add a handle next to the holes and seam to help with placing and removing it. Also, add another smaller handle on the end cap that we didn’t jam on.

Biochar comparison essay

4 December, 2017

Essay Store.

Fertilizing Blueberries In North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken

4 December, 2017

Cover seed with 1/8 inch soil. Its ornamental beauty available Specifications; PURITY: 99.9 PCT MIN.CARBON: 0.06 PCT MAX.ASH: 0.10 Most people aren’t going to read the comments that say baking powder is poisonous to dogs. The high oil content sunflower meal is an excellent feed source for dairy as well. Is there any indoor plant to help with mold in the room? Pine Cone Identification. National Fertilizer Development Center, Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Line a wire basket with sphagnum moss that’s been soaked in water. Fact: World oil production was at an all-time high in 2005. – MaxiGro – Grow Stimulator – Hydroponic Nutrient Solution – 10-5-14 NPK Ratio – General CIL Golf Green Fertilizer offers a fast acting formula for instant green up.

Become successful with a well known product! 3. Fertilizing Blueberries In North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken our AGGRAND high energy organic natural organic liquid fertilizers provide the highest fertilizer palm trees without fruit plant tomato nutrient levels disease resistance and nutrient rich soils. In general you should deep soak the plants every 5 to 7 days and fertilize them once a month.

I don’t recommend it as the odor is strong and it is oily. Top Secret Tips on How to Grow The Best Tomatoes. blood fish bone fertilizer. Adding 1 teaspoon of kelp meal to the potting soil in a 6-inch pot will keep container plants looking their best.

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After just a few days under the light the young tomato plants will be four inches tall have outgrown their cells and be ready to be transplanted to small pots. spencer hastings book wiki Juicier vegetables youre growing your. That’s because ammonium nitrate a cheical commonly used in agricultural fertilizers is a highly explosive compound as shown by the massive fireball at a fertilizer plant in the town of West Texas Wednesday (April 17). Everything is recycled or added to compost.

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Plants are heavily anched and do not make continuous growth. The plant growth can become stunte and even develop a growth habit similar to bush growth. Fertilizer recommendations for establishing a lawn or Aquarium Fertilizer Calculator.

Once you see new growth you can use an organic fertilizer formulated for citrus plants about once per month from spring through mid-fall. This timing is not by accident. RE: Is it OK to add lemon peels to compost? clip this post email this post what is this? see most clipped and recent clippings.

A beautifully planted aquarium is undoubtedly a real eye catcher. It’s pretty awkward and I suggest using smaller starts than I did. Indoor Bamboo Plants. Nutri-Cal is a liquid calcium supplement that can be purchased at most Fertilizing Blueberries In North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken garden centers Fertilizing Blueberries I North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken that is sprayed on the tomato plant. Flowers usually fall off before the fruit sets and leaves are small and crumpled with an upward Fertilizing Blueberries In North Carolina Biochar Manure Chicken curl turning yellow. The phosphate content of phosphorite is at least 15 to 20% which is a large enrichment over the typical sedimentary rock content of less than 0.2%. Alfalfa pellets (meal bale iquette) for feeds.

Central Valley Supporters of first time Congressional candidate Jose Hernandez are. If tomato seedlings are tall and leggy, plant the stem in the ground up to the top cluster of leaves. Natures Menu also offers organic chicken necks. Use either special African violet fertilizers or a houseplant fertilizer high in phosphorus. Neptunes Harvest Organic Fish/Seaweed Blend Fertilizer gives you the best of both products with a perfect blend of fish hydrolysate and seaweed, ensuring a complete fertilization program. Tomato plant fungus can attack at any stage of the plants growth and affect all parts of the plant. Learn how to grow beautiful landscapes inside or outside your home, & more on Miraclegro.com. Organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly, relying on soil organisms to break down organic matter. MANGO Mangifera indica L. Source: Information for this case study was provided by P. Labeled nitrogen fertilizer research with urea in the semi-arid tropics. They build all their own organic fertilizers and organic pesticides using products and bi-products produced on the farm. I planted it correctly as I do all my trees, and fetilized it with tree tone organic fertilizer. http://teep.tamu.edu/

People's Liberty announces its first round of project grantees for the new year

5 December, 2017

People’s Liberty, a philanthropic lab that brings together civic-minded talent to address challenges and uncover opportunities to accelerate the positive transformation of Cincinnati, has announced its grant recipients for the first part of 2018.

Launched in August 2014, PL has constructed a philanthropic experiment that will come to a close in 2019. Since its inception, it has awarded grants to 55 people.

Eight grantees are announced per cycle, and there are two cycles per year. Project grantees are awarded $10,000, a six-month series of launch events and access to mentorship and workspace provided by PL. The first round of 2018 winners will implement ideas ranging from artistic basketball courts and care packages to weaving together the community and improving nutrition for local individuals.

Cycle 6 winners and their projects can be found below:

– April Culbreath: Operation Comfy Chair will teach veterans how to reupholster and refinish furniture, which will then be donated to various organizations that help veterans and the homeless.

– Clayton Brizendine: Courts of Art will turn dilapidated, outdoor basketball courts into works of art where people of all ethnicities, religions and racial backgrounds can gather and play.

– Eric Gruenstein: BioChar will teach children and their families how to use charcoal as soil to produce healthy vegetables and to remove greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. His hope is to mitigate the dangers of climate change and to improve nutrition through awareness.

– Jay Kalagayan: MeSseD is an underground installation in a real service tunnel that will create a social “moment” using his comic MeSesD, which features a sewer worker named Lilliput. He hopes his project will create an appreciation for MSD employees who treat, process and provide life-sustaining water to the city.

– Simone Cocks-Charles: Campus Closet is a mobile recourse for college students from low-income households that will provide care packages and other upcycled necessities, making the transition into college life easier.

– Jeffrey Miller: Lunchbox is a lunchtime pop-up destination that will provide a diverse range of meal options using ingredients rescued from local grocery stores and farms. His hope is to educate the community about food waste and “ugly food.”

– Geralyn Sparough: Shelter from the Storm will be a large weaving shelter in a public space in Cincinnati. She hopes this structure will help illustrate and strengthen our ties to each other as a community.

– Tina Dyehouse: She wants to create an ombudsman for the Cincinnati area using social media and a blogging platform called Urban Ombuds. An ombudsman, or ombuds, will investigate, negotiate and resolve problems for individuals with a government or public agency.

On Nov. 16, PL kicked off a celebration for the halfway point in its five-year venture with Intermission. The multi-week celebration includes reflection on past grantees and projects accomplished through PL, as well as conversations about future projects to come, including the opening of a new storefront in Camp Washington next spring.

Intermission will also include an extended program called PL20, which will focus on 20 days of grantee- and resident-led special events and programs. These programs will take place through Dec. 14, and will range from hour-long to day-long projects. More information about PL20 can be found here.

PL is currently accepting residential applications for its Residency Program, including positions in design, digital, writing and more. For more information about PL, its stories and to apply for the residency program, click here.

Beston Biochar Production Equipment for Sale

5 December, 2017

Best Tips For Finding Affordable Biochar Production Equipment For Sale

The development and sale of biochar has risen exponentially, especially with the use of pyrolysis machines. Charcoal is very an easy task to make with these machines and pyrolysis plants that could be found worldwide. This is a byproduct of taking both organic and inorganic products and breaking them down chemically. The molecular structure changes, resulting in the production of biofuel that can replace diesel fuel, and biochar which is often burnt as charcoal. To get the ideal biochar production equipment for sale, at reasonable prices, the following tips will bring you to the best companies.

A Fast Overview Of This Process

This technique is really very clear and understandable. Looking at a pyrolysis plant, it will make more sense by examining this from the large perspective. Assuming you will have a steady availability of biodegradable materials such as wood chips, palm kernels, coconut shells, and even sludge, this will be placed in to these machines. If this is a biochar machine, it would have a big reactor which can be where material should go. Temperatures will likely be increased till the chemical composition of the material actually starts to break up. This can be funneled into different areas, along with the physical residue on this process is definitely the biochar. Since oxygen was taken from the procedure of breaking this down, it does not have burned, and that's why the charcoal can be used for barbecues, or perhaps heating homes in locations where electricity as well as other forms of power are tricky to find.

Do You Need To Use A Large Supply Of Biomass?

The level of biodegradable material that you have available, or perhaps materials like plastic or rubber, will gauge simply how much production you will possess. In order to obtain the most money using this type of business, it is highly recommended that you have a large way to obtain this product to process. Many people create entire plants beside places that there will probably be a huge harvest of coconuts, rice, or they might create alongside a landfill. In so doing, they will likely have easy access to the materials that will be essential for the pyrolysis process to function. The greater you have, the greater charcoal you might create, which leads to increased levels of production. Therefore, if you do have a sizable flow of this material that may be processed, our recommendation is that you purchase an entire biochar pyrolysis machine which may handle the larger level of material you have available.

This is certainly becoming one of several top items that people can find if they want to play a role in environmental surroundings, as well as generate income as you go along. If they do gain access to these biodegradable and nonbiodegradable products, and so they have the money to spend, it's definitely a sensible decision to make. You will always find likely to be buyers for charcoal, not to mention biofuel for those that run diesel motors at large commercial or industrial locations. After you begin, you will see how beneficial this is certainly for helping maintain the landfills clear, plus how it will manage to benefit your individual or business finances. Begin looking for affordable biochar production equipment available for sale to begin in this industry.

Excellent Deals On Biochar Production Equipment For Sale

Does your enterprise produce a considerable amount of biochar? This really is a very popular product in several countries. Also referred to as charcoal by some businesses, this is a product that is used worldwide. The entire process of biochar production technology is really quite simple in case you have a pyrolysis machine. It can create biochar from many different materials which will include straw, bamboo, sawdust, and in many cases palm kernels. If you have been searching for a reliable company to acquire one of these biochar plants from, here is a brief review of the way that they work and to find the best biochar production equipment available for sale.

How These Appliances Can Produce Biochar

The procedure of making charcoal or biochar is quite simplistic when you find yourself utilizing a pyrolysis machine. As previously mentioned, they use a number of materials which can be chemically separated into components, among that is to be the biochar. When you have entry to material from which trees were harvested, coconut shells, rice hulls, sugarcane, or inorganic materials like plastic or rubber, this could be divided into multiple components. As soon as they are heated into a certain temperature, the machines can extract bio oil, biofuel, as well as the biochar that your small business is selling.

How To Start Trying To Find Pyrolysis Plants

To find a business that is certainly selling the very best carbonization machine, you will have to search online for companies which were doing this for several years. Recently, an emphasis on recycling has become very prominent in the majority of countries around the world. However, there is also a monetary reason for starting this industry. Waste products are created all the time, but the majority of them are generally burned or buried, something which will not likely allow you to generate any profits in any way. However, once these different materials are separated from a pyrolysis machine, and sold to buyers, you will start to see an increase in your monetary gains. Whenever you search online, you can find many different firms that sell these products. You need to compare the costs they are selling them for and try to find some good information about each of these businesses. Reliable companies with reasonable prices are the type that you will need to consider, and you may eventually choose one that can provide the hottest deal.

Buying biochar production equipment available for purchase is quite easy because of the Internet. You can observe what companies are selling in numerous countries within just minutes. By evaluating the products they are selling, and the prices they are charging, you should have no trouble making the right choice. You must be able to get yourself a fantastic deal from the company which will ship this equipment for you in an exceedingly reasonable timeframe. Once it is fully operational, and you are producing biochar regularly and making a profit, you will see why this sector is continuing to grow.

Kansas firm eyes North Country for biochar plant

5 December, 2017

Fort Edward

A Kansas company is looking at Warren County for the site of a plant that would make thermally treated “biochar” from municipal sewage sludge, paper manufacturing waste, and wood and food scraps.

Representatives from Smart Terra Care, based in Independence, Kan., met earlier this month with officials from the Warren-Washington Counties Industrial Development Agency to pitch the $12 million project.

Biochar is a kind of charcoal that can be used instead of chemical fertilizers to enrich soils. It’s produced by heating carbon-based waste products by several hundred degrees. If production temperatures are sufficient, the process also can produce gases and liquids that can be used as synthetic fuels.

Bijoy Thomas, vice president of business development for the three-year-old company, said such a facility would the company’s first in the nation. He said that while Warren and Washington counties were in the running, “the location is not finalized.”

Thomas said the materials used to make biochar would be diverted from current disposal in regional landfills. The process involves dehydrating the organic waste streams, followed by controlled thermal treatment to transform them into the final product.

The company is also exploring what kinds of permits such a project would require.

The state Department of Environmental Conservation has not received any applications for permits related to biochar facility operations, according to a statement from the agency.

Last week, company official John Dowd toured potential sites including the former General Electric PCB processing facility in Fort Edward, according to a report in the Glens Falls Post-Star.

Biochar also locks carbon into the charcoal, which reduces the escape of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that occurs during normal decomposition of the wastes. The company said that biochar can be used to support environmentally sustainable farming while reducing the greenhouse gas emissions that an international scientific consensus have identified as the cause of man-made climate change.

Biochar also can be added to animal feed at farms to reduce the need for chemical antibiotics to prevent infectious outbreaks, the company said.

Almond Board invests $4.8 million in 'Farm of the Future' research

5 December, 2017

The Almond Board of California (ABC) will sink $4.8 million into 60-plus independent, third-party research projects designed to formulate the next generation of farming practices for the famous tree nut.

These funds will add to the $70 million invested over the last four decades to improve how almonds can be better grown and processed.

The nearly $5 million in new research dollars was announced at the beginning of the 45th annual Almond Conference on Dec. 5 at Sacramento.

ABC also unveiled its first almond sustainability publication called Growing Good which describes the almond industry’s commitment to sustainability, including how farming and processing best practices continue to evolve based on research findings.

“Almond farmers’ growing practices and processors’ handling practices are rooted in science, and the almond industry has been investing in research that pushes the envelope and partnerships that break boundaries,” said Gabriele Ludwig, ABC’s director of sustainability and environmental affairs.

This new Growing Good sustainability publication promotes efforts and programs, including the annual Almond Conference, which support sustainable production practices.

The ABC began best almond practices research 44 years ago focusing on water sustainability, honeybee protection for almond pollination, and new uses for items produced in an almond orchard, including hulls, shells, and woody materials – all towards a ‘zero waste’ approach.

Here’s a breakdown of the accomplishments so far.

Water sustainability – California almond farmers have committed $6.7 million to fund 201 water research projects since 1982 focused on irrigation efficiency, groundwater recharge, and water quality. This investment has helped growers reduce the amount of water to grow almonds by about a third over the last 20 years.

A new water research project will include creating a smartphone app and heat sensing platform to more precisely determine irrigation needs to identify real-time irrigation needs and increase efficiency.

Honeybee health – The health of this essential pollinator for almond became an ABC strategic research priority in 1995. So far, the almond industry has committed $2.6 million dollars for 113 projects based on five major factors which impact bee health.

As a result of research, new orchard practices have helped keep bees safer for almond pollination. Six related research projects will begin this year with a nearly $300,000 investment.

Co-product innovation – The almond industry is committed to putting non-edible almond co-products to beneficial use through a $1.6 million investment in 58 research products. Nine studies funded this year will study how almond co-products may find a niche use in the automotive, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and more.

New research will explore almond shell utilization to create different types of biochar as soil amendments. If successful, biochar could help improve soil and plant health in backyard gardens, landscaping, and commercial agriculture.

Bio char research paper

Global Biochar market offers a valuable tool to assess the latest Biochar market statistics and market scenario. The report presents the strategies and research methodology followed to clarify the Biochar industry aspects. This report analyses the dynamic world Biochar market overview, growth opportunities, a market performance which will lead to profitability. In continuation it covers the innovations and developments taking place in Biochar market. Furthermore, the Biochar report involves company profile details of top industry leaders. The Biochar report focuses on regions like United States, Europe, China, India, South East Asia, Japan.

Global Biochar report depicts the competitive market scenario based on production volume, sales, and revenue. The Biochar report essentially includes the supply chain analysis of top players. The Biochar market performance on a global scale will lead to inventive business plans and profitability. Moreover, the report sheds light on Biochar industry landscape view, product specifications, applications. Also, the report analyzes market share of each region and Biochar market players. The Biochar report also covers the import/export details, consumer volume, production capacity, and price analysis of Biochar.

World Biochar industry is studied on the basis of local, regional and global market players and their company profiles. The study also lists all the traders, distributors, sellers, manufacturers actively involved in the Biochar market. Emerging and existing Biochar market segments planning for feasibility study will get every minute details pertaining to the industry. The report spotlights the end-users, local and global Biochar vendors, up-to-date product launch events, industry news. Biochar report evaluates product classifications, definitions, applications, Biochar industry landscape scenario, price structures along with development plans and policies.

Production Review of Biochar Market: This part reviews production volume, capacity with respect to major Biochar regions, and the price. Also covers product type that are Type 1 and Type 2. Applications of Biochar Market are Energy Production, Agriculture, and Environmental Protection.

Sales Margin and Revenue Review of Biochar Market: It reviews based on key regions, price, revenue and target Biochar consumer.

Supply and Demand Review of Biochar Market: It illustrates the supply/demand seen in major regions along with Biochar import/export scenario.

Other key reviews of Biochar Market: Further, it includes company website, number of employees, contact details of major players. The report presents potential consumers and suppliers of Biochar market. Also, the strengths, opportunities, Biochar market driving forces and market restraints are studied in this report.

Daniel has been into market research industry for last 5 years. He has a keen interest and deep knowledge of research industry. He has a stint of experience working as Research Analyst. His goals in life are simple — to stay happy, healthy and to keep writing as long as he possibly can.

How Biochar Gets its Miraculous Soil Amendment Properties?

Biochar isn’t new, but new insights make it commercially viable and reinforce its environmental sustainability.

Unlike charcoal energy application, biochar is used as a fertilizer. Compared to other soil additives, biochar can be applied only once but with a lasting effect.

Biochar is produced from the pyrolysis of biomass, or the thermodegradation of organic matter, such as wood, vegetable waste, crop residues, as an anaerobic process.

Biochar was first discovered in the Amazon under the name Terra Preta, which means “black soil” in Portuguese. Pre-Columbian civilizations in Amazonia that lived in the rainforests used biochar for over 25 centuries to enrich the acidic soils.

Biomass residues naturally decompose by emitting carbon dioxide. A transformation into a stable biochar could be buried in the soil and thus eliminate this natural process while also improving the agronomic properties of the soil.

Aside from being hailed as a revolutionary method of atmospheric CO2 sequestration, biochar could at the same time amplify the action of conventional fertilizers.

The potency of biochar as a soil additive was thought by scientists to be due to its high-porosity that traps nutrients and releases them slowly.

However, the precise chemistry underlying biochar’s sorption capacity (retention and release, specifically in the case of nutrients) wasn’t well understood.

Now, an international team of researchers has finally shed light on biochar chemistry.

Since 2010, the University of Tuebingen in Germany has been conducting the Biochar Project, which has been the subject of several undergraduate and graduate theses.

Other than in-house research, the University of Tuebingen also teamed up with other national and international universities, such as the University of Forestry in Rottenburg in Germany, and the Delinat Institute in Switzerland.

Recently, a study led by Andreas Kappler from the University of Tuebingen and geomicrobiologist Nikolas Hagemann received significant contributions from researchers at Colorado State University.

The team analyzed biochar before and after composting with manure then conducted a series of microscopic and spectroscopic analyses.

According to the study’s findings, it’s the composting of biochar that creates a thin carbon-coating that gives it its miraculous fertilizing properties.

The organic coating enhances the biochar’s ability to store nutrients, such as nitrates and phosphates, and it strengthens interactions between biochar and the soil leading to the slow release of nutrients.

“Our data provides, for the first time,” said authors of the study published last October in Nature Communications, “mechanistic evidence on a molecular scale as to why the combination of biochar and organic amendments yields optimal agronomic benefits by biochar amendment.”

Biochar Production Equipment

If you want to make an investment in biochar production equipment for sale, you may have a general idea about how the plant can bring you and the great prospect the biochar machine has. The biggest problem for you is possibly how to choose the right machine and a suitable manufacturer. Because a good machine can bring you a lot of benefits more than you think. Here I would like sharing you some information, and hoping they can be useful for you to make the right decision.

For our plant, the charcoal yield rate is 4:1, and if the quality of the raw material is pretty high, the out yield rate can reach 3:1. But all those will happen under the condition that all the materials can reach to standard to be processed. The size is about 40-50 mm, and the water content is below 20%.

Speaking of the raw materials, our biochar furnace can handle various kinds of biomass waste, such as rice husk, straw, coconut shell, palm kernel shell and so on.

We call the plant as environmental protection machine for the reason that the whole biochar production process produces no pollution.

1. Convey the raw materials to the carbonization host. You need to make sure that the size and the water content of raw materials are suitable.

2. When the biomass carbonization process starts, the combustible gas is produced. Then it enters the condensation analyzer system after being processed by the cyclone dust remover and spray dust collector. After this process, you can get wood tar and wood vinegar.

3. The purified combustible gas will be recycled to heat the carbonization host.

4. The charcoal will be discharged after the cooling process.

1. Biomass charcoal has a higher carbon content than the common charcoal. So it is perfect if you use it as fuel, because it will not cause any pollution.

2. Biochar is free of odor and toxic, so it is widely used in food industry, such as BBQ.

3. You can also use the biomass charcoal to improve the quality of soil.

4. Moreover, it is quite common for people to process the biomass charcoal into activated carbon.

5. As for the wood tar and vinegar, they are good chemical raw material. You can directly sell them out.

1. It uses the combustible gas as heating sources, and the amount of combustible gas can satisfy the demand. If you use coal or other fossil fuel, it is certain that the air pollution will become more and more serious.

2. We equip the plant with the pressure and temperature timely display system, so you can monitor the machine and make sure that its working condition is safe.

3. The water cooling system can make sure that the temperature of the charcoal will not be high. So the whole working process will be safer.

More and more people have realized the greatness of the biochar making machine. Recently, we played a host to a customer from Kenya, and he was quite satisfied with our machine and technology.

If you have the desire to make an investment in such plant, or you want to know more details, you can contact us at any time. We will reply you as soon as possible.

Kansas firm eyes North Country for biochar plant

Kansas firm eyes North Country for biochar plant

6 December, 2017

A Kansas company is looking at Warren County for the site of a plant that would make thermally treated “biochar” from municipal sewage sludge, paper manufacturing waste, and wood and food scraps.Representatives from Smart Terra Care, based in Independence, Kan., met earlier this month with officials from the Warren-Washington Counties Industrial Development Agency to pitch the $12 million project.

Wopular is an online newspaper rack, giving you a summary view of the top headlines from the top news sites.

Organizers of the New York Air Show announced Tuesday that the Navy’s elite Blue Angels jet squad will perform at Stewart International Airport in 2019, when the fifth annual air show takes place. The Blue Angels consist of six Navy and Marine pilots who fly F/A-18 Hornets and perform aerobatics at about 30 shows a year around the U.

A couple got their confused neighbor to deed them her house, then sign powers of attorney that gave them access to nearly $2 million she had saved.

California's wildfires continued to spread under the influence of strong winds on Tuesday. In video footage, cameras caught a horse galloping down a road in an attempt to save itself from the flames. (Dec. 5)

The Campbell County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to remove restrictions on firing pneumatic guns that shoot BBs or paint balls in residentially zoned areas of the county Tuesday night.

STOCKTON — A dramatic crash that left the front half of a big rig hanging perilously over the high-rise section of northbound Interstate 5 where it crosses the Stockton Deep Water Channel snarled traffic for hours Tuesday as the morning commute was just getting under way. The driver of the big rig escaped with minor, unspecified injuries, according to the California Highway Patrol.

Soil organic carbon is essential to improve soil fertility and ecosystem functioning. Soil microorganisms contribute significantly to the carbon transformation and immobilisation processes. However, microorganisms are sensitive to environmental stresses such as heavy metals. Applying amendments, such as biochar, to contaminated soils can alleviate the metal toxicity and add carbon inputs. In this study, Cd and Pb spiked soils treated with macadamia nutshell biochar (5% w/w) were monitored during a 49 days incubation period. Microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted and analysed as biomarkers in order to identify the microbial community composition. Soil properties, metal bioavailability, microbial respiration, and microbial biomass carbon were measured after the incubation period. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) was calculated from the ratio of carbon incorporated into microbial biomass to the carbon mineralised.

Total PLFA concentration decreased to a greater extent in metal contaminated soils than uncontaminated soils. Microbial CUE also decreased due to metal toxicity. However, biochar addition alleviated the metal toxicity, and increased total PLFA concentration. Both microbial respiration and biomass carbon increased due to biochar application, and CUE was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in biochar treated soils than untreated soils. Heavy metals reduced the microbial carbon sequestration in contaminated soils by negatively influencing the CUE. The improvement of CUE through biochar addition in the contaminated soils could be attributed to the decrease in metal bioavailability, thereby mitigating the biotoxicity to soil microorganisms.

Why Solar: Reforestation best weapon against carbon

6 December, 2017

Seven billion tonnes! Seven billion metric tons of carbon could be removed from the atmosphere by one simple natural mechanism. Unfortunately the loss of this natural, carbon removal system has been ongoing for decades. It was deemed necessary for providing land for crops, animals, and building materials.

The Nature Conservancy, the World Resource Institute, and other esteemed research institutions have released a report with in depth analysis on the impact of reforestation, and conversely the prevention of deforestation in tropical countries and the subsequent effect on GHGs. The results are astounding. Conservation and reestablishment of lost forest could reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide by the equivalent of removing 1.5 billion cars from the planet’s surface. That is half again as many, as the billion vehicles that currently exist.

Brazil and Indonesia collectively are accountable for 50% of the carbon emissions not taken up by the biosphere due to the loss of their rainforests. If the trees were to be replanted where they once grew, it would collectively reduce 11.3 billion metric tons of greenhouse gas emission per year. That, the study claims, is “equivalent to halting global oil consumption” which would allow us to get 66% closer to limiting global warming to the targeted “2 degrees” as set out in the Paris accord.

Reforestation is the number one solution out of the 20 natural driven CO2 mitigating processes the study has come up with. The remaining 19 involve tactics like avoiding tree harvest in the first place, better forest management, improved management of tree plantations, and eliminating the use of wood as the main source of fuel for cooking and heating. Other strategies include forest fire management, biochar production, nutrient management, conservation agriculture techniques, pasture and cropland shelterbelts, and wetland peat restoration along with costal ecosystem restoration. This report from the Nature Conservancies was published in the October’s issue of PNAS.

The study admits that these natural pathway opportunities, referred to as natural climate solutions, differ from country to country and region to region. Tropical forests, the biggest natural source of carbon reduction mechanisms, may have the most to offer but as noted in the previous list, other sectors can also contribute. Markedly, Canada has a penchant for replanting trees, both in those areas harvested for commercial gain as well as many urban settings.

Growing populations, driven by the human body’s fundamental requirement for meat, have been one of the biggest instigators of deforestation. Food on the table, and a job to supply the many sundry needs of civilization, may indeed be a root cause of the issue but feeding the masses, building shelter, and industry are all basic human needs. In turn, they cause serious issues that need addressing.

As technology progresses and alternatives provide more sustainable sources of food production, the strain on these natural climate solutions should be reduced. Transitioning to electric vehicles, and aircraft, more solar and wind facilities, geothermal, hydro, even fusion give hope for our children, securing their futures and that of their spaceship earth.

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Biochar comparison essay

The market research data included in the Biochar report is the result of substantial primary and secondary research activities. The report segments the global market for Biochar on the basis of manufacturers, product type, applications, and regions. In this report, each segment is studied thoroughly and statistics are presented in detail. The report offers a precise overview of the global Biochar market covering key factors such as drivers and restraints impacting the growth.

The report presents a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the global Biochar market, with the help of data gathered from some of the market participants present across the key regions of the market value chain. In addition to this, the report also offers market forecast based on prevailing Biochar industry trends, current market conditions, and growth aspects. The report on the global Biochar market sheds light on the historical, present, and projected future market valuation in terms of volume and revenue. An Biochar market in-depth analysis of regulatory policies, economic aspects, and trends impacting the overall development of the market is also covered in the report.

The research report also outlines Biochar industry growth opportunities in emerging and developed regions. It also provides recommendations to the market players to sustain and grow in today’s competitive world. The Biochar research data incorporated in the report is gathered from personal interviews, surveys, industrial databases, and paid credible sources.

Global Biochar report is partitioned into different section as follows:

The first section of the Global Biochar market report covers the elemental information regarding the industry, including a fundamental overview of Biochar market, introduction, major Biochar industry vendors, their business profile, sales margin, Biochar demand and supply scenario and the revenue during 2016 and 2017. The second section of the Biochar report independently accounts revenue of each vendor and sales their advancement scenario based on sales revenue.

Third and fourth section of the report elaborates the Biochar details based on product manufacturing regions and Biochar revenue generated during 2012-2017. Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth section of the Biochar report presents a detailed knowledge stating the major countries and region wise Biochar revenue generated during the period from 2012-2017.

Socorro writes about research techniques and has a lot of working experience with international companies. She has extensive experience developing marketing, corporate communications, and public relations materials in a variety of fields including finance, business, human resources, chemical, healthcare and consumer technology.

Biochar Market Will Reach At CAGR Of 14.5% Between 2017 – 2025

6 December, 2017

Global Biochar Market: Overview

Biochar is a charcoal which is obtained by heating different waste products such as wood waste, agricultural waste, animal manure and forest waste. These waste products are used as feedstock for production of biochar. Biochar is produced mainly through modern pyrolysis processes in which direct thermal decomposition of biomass waste in the absence of oxygen, resulting into biochar along with bio-oil and syngas. Biochar obtained is rich in carbon content and is fine grained residue. Biochar can also be obtained using different technologies such as gasification, microwave pyrolysis, etc.

The report estimates and forecasts the biochar market on the global, regional, and country levels. The study provides forecast between 2017 and 2025 based on volume (Tons) and revenue (US$ Thousand) with 2016 as the base year. The report comprises an exhaustive value chain analysis for each of the product segments. It provides a comprehensive view of the market. Value chain analysis also offers detailed information about value addition at each stage. The study includes drivers and restraints for the biochar market along with their impact on demand during the forecast period. The study also provides key market indicators affecting the growth of the market. The report analyzes opportunities in the biochar market on the global and regional level. Drivers, restraints, and opportunities mentioned in the report are justified through quantitative and qualitative data. These have been verified through primary and secondary resources. Furthermore, the report analyzes substitute analysis of biochar and global average price trend analysis.

The report includes Porter’s Five Forces Model to determine the degree of competition in the biochar market. It comprises qualitative write-up on market attractiveness analysis, wherein end-users and countries have been analyzed based on attractiveness for each region. Growth rate, market size, raw material availability, profit margin, impact strength, technology, competition, and other factors (such as environmental and legal) have been evaluated in order to derive the general attractiveness of the market. The report comprises price trend analysis for biochar between 2017 and 2025.

Secondary research sources that were typically referred to include, but were not limited to company websites, financial reports, annual reports, investor presentations, broker reports, and SEC filings. Other sources such as internal and external proprietary databases, statistical databases and market reports, news articles, national government documents, and webcasts specific to companies operating in the market have also been referred for the report.

In-depth interviews and discussions with wide range of key opinion leaders and industry participants were conducted to compile this research report. Primary research represents the bulk of research efforts, supplemented by extensive secondary research. Key players’ product literature, annual reports, press releases, and relevant documents were reviewed for competitive analysis and market understanding. This helped in validating and strengthening secondary research findings. Primary research further helped in developing the analysis team’s expertise and market understanding.

The study provides comprehensive view of the biochar market by dividing it into feedstock, application and geography. The biochar market has been segmented into woody biomass, agricultural waste, animal manure, and others. Application segments electricity generation, agriculture, forestry and others have been analyzed based on historic, present, and future trends.

Regional segmentation includes the current and forecast demand for biochar in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa (MEA). Additionally, the report comprises country-level analysis in terms of volume and revenue for end-user segments. Key countries such as the U.S., France, Germany, Italy, the U.K., China, India, Japan, South Africa, Mexico, and Brazil have been included in the study. Market segmentation includes demand for individual end-users in all the regions and countries.

MarketResearchReports.biz is the most comprehensive collection of market research reports. MarketResearchReports.Biz services are specially designed to save time and money for our clients. We are a one stop solution for all your research needs, our main offerings are syndicated research reports, custom research, subscription access and consulting services. We serve all sizes and types of companies spanning across various industries.

Fire Up the Garden – Volcanic Ash, Terra Preta, Biochar

I had the idea of writing about the benefits of charcoal and wood ash for the garden, but in light of the recent goings on up at Gunung Agung I couldn’t go further without first mentioning the benefit of andisols, otherwise known as volcanic soils which are created from lava weathering and volcanic ash.

Volcanoes are natures own industrial scale fertiliser factory, producing beneficial gardening materials such as perlite and pumice as well as a whole host of other nutrients which are contained within the lava and ash.

The recent eruption of Agung brings with it the obvious dangers and inconveniences, and could even harm agriculture. One need only take a trip to the eastern side of the mountain north of Tulamben to see the moonscape left in the wake of the 1963-64 eruption. Huge ‘car-sized’ boulders (sometimes larger) can occasionally be seen lining the road that winds along the coast. I can only assume that they were hurled kilometres forth from the imposing Gunung Agung, that dominates the entire eastern landscape. Nothing compares to the power of nature — I am in awe.

Despite the dangers, the entire Indonesian archipelago is a direct result of tectonic processes and volcanic activity, so you can’t have one without the other — take the bad with the good. But is it really that bad anyway? The materials deposited from volcanic eruptions are in large part responsible for the surrounding fertile lands that produce the diverse forests, whilst also supporting local agriculture. Over the long-term volcanic ash and weathered lava rock produces the world’s most fertile soils primarily due to the release of minerals such as sulphur, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium.

Over time, chemical and physical weathering allows the lava rock and ash to release nutrients and expand its surface area, enabling soils to hold both more water and nutrients whilst also increasing porosity at the same time. These are things that plants love. It may be hard to convince the locals right now, but this eruption could be a blessing in disguise, so long as farmlands aren’t buried by lava-flows. Volcanic soils are typically highly porous and moisture retentive — there’s a very good reason why perlite (also known as volcanic glass) is used in seed raising and potting mix!

Volcanic ash is a great addition to your garden in more ways than one and I know of people already planning to go up there and collect it by the truckload when things calm down. Volcanic eruptions are central to the natural processes that produce Indonesia’s fertile soils — so if I am the garden doctor, then Agung must be the Garden God!

But if you can’t get your hands on bucket loads of volcanic ash you can just as easily enhance your soil by incorporating wood ash and charcoal, but definitely not charcoal from BBQ briquettes.

There are many reasons to add charcoal to your garden, including raising the soil pH, improving porosity and increasing water and nutrient retention. Charcoal is a highly absorbent form of carbon. It does not decompose in the soil and will absorb nutrients and hold them, rather than letting them wash away with the rain (that’s why orchids are grown on it). Once added to the soil, the benefits of charcoal continue on for years, producing colourful flowers, lush vegetation and nutrient dense fruits and vegetables.

Many ancient cultures have used wood ash and charcoal as part of their agricultural practices to amend and improve the soil. The ancient Amazonians created a thick fertile soil in places of settlement that have been extensively studied and come to be known as ‘Terra Preta’ literally — dark soil.

Scientists studying the remnants of these ancient settlements have found the charcoal amended soil much more fertile than the surrounding forest soils still to this day — despite that the settlements haven’t been inhabited for hundreds of years. The indigenous people of northern Australia also used fire to burn grasslands, allowing the combusted material to absorb into the soil. The resulting lush new growth had the effect of attracting game such as kangaroos for hunting. Importantly one of the best ways to deliver phosphorous back into the soil in absence of animal manure is through wood ash.

These days the common term is biochar. The idea is simple – incorporate charcoal into the soil where it will absorb and retain nutrients leading to more productive crops and gardens. There are many techniques to make your own biochar at home, some involving steel barrels and 24hr slow burns. I know you’d prefer the easier way. Just burn some logs, you may as well have a BBQ at the same time. Once the logs have burnt down into smokeless coals smother them with water so that the fire is extinguished immediately otherwise they will further reduce to ash. Whilst ash can be used in the garden and has its place we are after charcoal here.

Spread the charcoal over your soil, and then work it in completely, add it to the compost too. You can do it all at once or work in sections. A soil amended with biochar will retain a higher level of moisture and nutrients than previously. The charcoal essentially locks up the nutrients, preventing them being washed away with rain or watering, but rendering them their bio-available to the plants at the same time.

Wood ash can also be a good addition to the garden if used in moderation. It consists of about 10% potassium or potash which is a vital nutrient for plants and crops.

In fact, the name derives from early Dutch ‘potasschen’ literally meaning ‘pot ashes’. This refers to wood ashes soaked in a pot of water (the preferred means of production prior to the industrial era of mining and manufacture). The word was later adopted into English as potash from which the word potassium is similarly derived. With plants just as in humans, potassium regulates fluid retention and has a role in transporting food within the plant regulating sugars, starches and hormones — particularly good to use around flowering plants, fruits and vegetables.

Ash has a high of calcium content, sometimes as much as 45%. This high calcium content will raise the pH of the soil, and can be used on acidic soils in place of lime. However home-made ash isn’t a homogenous product, meaning its content will vary. Hardwoods, for example, generally produce more ash and contain more nutrients than softwood. Wood ash obviously isn’t an ideal addition if your soil already has a high pH. There’s also no point in spreading it around acid-loving plants such as rhododendrons, roses, azaleas or strawberries, but you can sprinkle it lightly over the lawn.

Wood ash is best used as a light layer sprinkled sparingly over the soil or compost heap. If you have a lot, don’t add it all at once as the alkalinity could have a disastrous effect on plants — it could easily all end in tears. It is also caustic and will affect the beneficial bacteria and worms if overdone. It’s better to store the ash and sprinkle it on as a thin layer occasionally, incorporating it into the soil at the same time to prevent it blowing away in the wind.

Application of the 15N tracer method to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere …

6 December, 2017

Biochar nitrogen is key to improving soil fertility, but the distribution of biochar nitrogen in the biomass–biochar–plant system is still unclear. To provide clarity, the 15N tracer method was utilised to study the distribution of biochar nitrogen in the biochar both before and after its addition to the soil. The results can be summarised as follows. 1) The retention rate of 15N in biochar decreases from 45.23% to 20.09% with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 800 °C in a CO2 atmosphere. 2) The retention rate of 15N in biochar prepared in a CO2 atmosphere is higher than that prepared in a N2 atmosphere when the pyrolysis temperature is below 600 °C. 3) Not only can biochar N slowly facilitate the adsorption of N by plants but the addition of biochar to the soil can also promote the supply of soil nitrogen to the plant; in contrast, the direct return of wheat straw biomass to the soil inhibits the absorption of soil N by plants. 4) In addition, the distribution of nitrogen was clarified; that is, when biochar was prepared by the pyrolysis of wheat straw at 400 °C in a CO2 atmosphere, the biochar retained 45.23% N, and after the addition of this biochar to the soil, 39.99% of N was conserved in the biochar residue, 4.55% was released into the soil, and 0.69% was contained in the wheat after growth for 31 days. Therefore, this study very clearly shows the distribution of nitrogen in the biomass–biochar-plant system.

OurPet's Switchgrass with BioChar Cat Litter – Natural, Clumping

6 December, 2017

Time to start shopping!

Time to start shopping!

At PetSmart, we never sell dogs or cats. Together with PetSmart Charities, we help save over 100 pets every day through adoption.

The effect of compost and biochar on soil and plant growth.

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The Normal Rice Husk Charcoal Machinery Price Available Today

7 December, 2017

The Normal Rice Husk Charcoal Machinery Price Available Today

Rice Husk Charcoal Machinery

Do you have a business where you stand producing a substantial amount of rice husks? It really is easy to make use of this typically discarded material and produce charcoal with it. It may need special equipment in order to use it using a process where it may be transformed into charcoal through these machines. Some of them can be large, and can process a substantial amount of material. Listed here is a quick review of just how the pyrolysis process works, and how to get the best rice husk carbonizer price that is on the market today.

Just How Do You Convert Rice Husks Into Charcoal?

You are able to convert rice husks into charcoal by putting it through a pyrolysis plant or machine. It is a process where the fabric is superheated, an issue that is completed in just a pyrolysis reactor, and the air is evacuated to avoid combustion. With a certain point, it will quickly break up, becoming vaporous, excluding the biochar which will remain. It is actually this biochar this is the charcoal, and the gases that escaped will condensed into bio oil or biofuel.

Is This A Sustainable Business Design For Most Businesses?

This is really a sustainable business design, however you must ensure that you are getting the proper machines. For example, if you have your small business that is producing just a regular level of rice husks, a tiny pyrolysis machine will likely produce all you need. However, in case you are considering doing this can be a secondary business, you will want to have a pyrolysis plants. They are enormous contraptions, ones which are typically placed inside of a big hanger or warehouse, and therefore are manned twenty-four hours a day. Except for maintenance and cleaning that need to be done, these may be kept running all the time. In case you have a virtually endless availability of rice husks, or some other form of biodegradable materials for example straw, coconut shells, and other materials, you may also convert that into charcoal. Here is the uses of carbonized rice hull.

How Soon Would You Like To View A Return On Your Own Investment By Using These Machines?

If you have a big operation, and you also are investing at one of the large pyrolysis plants, you might visit a positive ROI in just a year or two. You possess multiple products that you are selling. It’s not simply the charcoal. There is the bio oil along with the biofuel. Theoretically, if you are able to convert several a great deal of material every week, it ought to pay money for itself in the much shorter length of time than investing within the smaller units. Something to take into consideration in case you are wondering how big of a pyrolysis machine you must get, or if you need to spend your money by using an entire pyrolysis plant.

In case you have not been capable of finding an organization that is offering the best rice husk carbonization plant price available, you simply need to keep looking. If you have not checked out websites for firms that have been in China, this might be why you are not finding affordable prices. These manufacturers will likely be the best, providing hundreds or a large number of other clients with one of these pyrolysis machines. Simply make a price comparison of the different rice husk charcoal machines that they are selling, and select one that will be within your budget.

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Biochar agriculture at a massive scale on the Savannah River

No, this is not an architectural rendering of an ancient town in the Upper Amazon Basin!

After the end of the First Anglo-Cherokee War in 1762, my Apalache-Creek and Uchee ancestors felt it safe to move up the Savannah River and reoccupy tribal lands in the vicinity of where the Sawakehachee (Broad River) joined the Savannah River. They were astounded to see many ancient mounds and massive agricultural platforms composed of “black clay,” which produced unimaginable crops of corn, beans, pumpkins, squash, sweet potatoes and tobacco. No one really knew, who had built these man-made Gardens of Eden, which were as large as four football fields in area and up to 12 feet tall. Before the Creek-Cherokee War began in 1716, the region had been populated by the Sawate (Raccoon People) Creeks and Raccoon Clan Uchee, but their descendants only had vague stories of master farmers coming up the river from a land across the ocean far, far to the south and establishing a great town, which dominated the region for many centuries. This semi-mythical tribe was called the Wahasi or “Descendants of People from the South”.

In 1773, William Bartram became the first and last person with a scientific background to see this great mound complex in anything resembling its original appearance. He immediately noticed that all the ceremonial mounds were conical in shape, not rectangular truncated pyramids as was typical elsewhere in Georgia. He estimated the largest mound to be 40-50 feet tall and around 270 feet in diameter. There were dozens of massive agricultural mounds. Each one was typically 200 yards in length and between 100 yards and 200 yards wide. They varied from 4 to 12 feet tall. Some of the ceremonial mounds seemed to be constructed from the “black clay” also. No where else could be seen the strange “black clay.” He could not figure out where it came from. Of course, today we know that this was man-made soil, created with biochar techniques. The people of the Amazon Basin call these man-made islands . . . terra preta.

Bartram stated that when the snow cover on the Georgia Mountains melted in the early spring, all of the Savannah River Basin near the Broad River would be filled with water. Only the area immediately around the ceremonial mounds would be visible. Some years, even most of these mounds would be covered in water. Afterward the natural and man-made landscape of the Savannah Bottoms would be altered by the torrential waters.

In 1784, the new State of Georgia began giving away land to Revolutionary War veterans along the Upper Savannah as a means of satisfying past due wages and solidifying its claim to the region. Until 1790, all maps, except those published in Georgia, showed the region from Augusta northward, belonging to South Carolina. By populating this region, with ex-soldiers, who had been issued deeds by the State of Georgia, the state’s leaders made South Carolina’s claims impossible to enforce.

During the 1780s, immigrants, primarily from Virginia, established the town of Petersburg on a natural terrace overlooking the Savannah River Bottoms. They found that the strange “black clay” in the old Indian platforms would grow an exceptional quality tobacco in abundance. The black clay was hauled away constantly to spread on tobacco gardens. Almost overnight Petersburg became one of the major tobacco growing centers in the nation and thrived mightily.

By the time that pioneer archaeologist, Charles C. Jones, Jr. was shown the “Rembert Mounds” in 1873 by the owner of the land, a Mr. Tate, they were barely recognizable. Most of the black clay had been hauled off. The clearing of forests and cultivation of natural grass prairies in Northeast Georgia and Northwest South Carolina had caused catastrophic floods, which had cut channels parallel to and across the ancient town site. However, Jones was still able to the see the skeleton of the massive conical mound, described by Bartram.

In 1885, the Rembert Mounds Site was visited by Cyrus Thomas, head archaeologist at the Smithsonian Institute. They had been eroded further by the catastrophic floods on the Savannah River, but were still somewhat recognizable. Very little was left of the strange “black clay” mounds. However, Mr. Tate said that where plots of the black clay remained, he could grow 100-120 bushels of corn an acre without fertilization.

In 1886, John P. Rogan, a cousin of Cyrus Thomas , briefly excavated exploratory ditches in some of the largest mounds at the Rembert Site. Later that year, a tropical storm caused the worst flooding in North Georgia since the region was settled by Anglo-Americans. Part of the Etowah Mounds site was ripped away, while 15 feet of alluvial soil was deposited over the rest of the town site, covering several smaller mounds. Steamboats rescued stranded people on Broad Street in Rome, GA, while the landscape of the Savannah River Bottoms near Elberton were made unrecognizable. There was another catastrophic flood in 1908 than raised creeks in Elbert County, which normally could be waded across, to up to 25 feet of water. Many more Native American mounds were obliterated.

In 1939, archaeologist Robert Wauchope briefly visited Elbert County as part of his Archaeological Survey of North Georgia. A local guide took him to the Elbert Mounds near the confluence of the Broad and Savannah Rivers . . . instead of the Rembert Mounds, which were four miles to the north. The Elbert Mounds had been badly eroded by floods, so Wauchope was disappointed and didn’t remain at site long.

In 1948, archaeologist Joseph Caldwell followed Wauchopes brief notes on what he thought was the Rembert Mounds, and carried out excavations of what remained of the Elbert Mounds. It was a contemporary satellite town of Rembert Mounds, so he probably found the same types of artifacts, but no information on the semi-mythical people, who actually started the Wahasi Conurbation.

In the 1970s and 1980s, several teams of archaeology professors and students again visited the Elbert Mounds Site and added a little more information by studying more carefully the artifacts found by Caldwell. Between 1974 and 1985, Richard B Russell Dam was under construction. There was still time to visit the Rembert Site, but since the archaeology profession in the Southeast is so inclined to follow authority figures, no one figured out the mistake. So what you read today in the Wikipedia article on theRembert Moundsis actually about the Elbert Mounds.

Déjà vu

My Uncle Hal took us cousins on outings to several Native American archaeological sites that were to be covered by Lake Richard B. Russell, but being a youth at the time I really didn’t remember the names he gave them. Nevertheless, when I began reading archaeological reports on that area of the Savannah River Basin in 2016 as part of research for a private client, I quickly realized that something was terribly amiss. I distinctly remembered the pathetic remnants of a small mound being below the planned site of Richard B. Russell Dam that the archaeologists were calling Rembert Mounds. However, I also remembered the footprints of much larger mounds being immediately north of the dam construction site under what is now the deepest part of the lake. However, I was young and many decades had passed since those weekend outings. I didn’t remember exactly where.

There was powerful evidence in the reports by Charles C. Jones and Cyrus Thomas. At that time, Rembert Mounds was owned by a Mr. Tate. Sure enough, a section of Lake Russell near the dam is still named Tate Lake. A historic map of Elbert County from the 1870s showed the section of the Savannah River Bottoms near the confluence of Beaverdam Creek and the Savannah River being called the Tate Plantation. Where contemporary archaeologists place the Rembert Mounds was not owned by the Tate Family.

Further support for a location near Beaverdam Creek came from other historic maps. Originally, in the 1700s and early 1800s, Paris Island near Beaverdam Creek was NOT an island. It was a vast expanse of bottomlands. The Savannah River and the GA-SC state line was to the east of this bend in the river. A series of floods turned a highwater slough cutting through this bottom land into the main channel of the river. However, the 1894 USGS map of the Savannah River clearly shows the higher elevations of where the ancient town Wahasi was located on what is now Paris Island. The bottomland at the official site of Rembert Mounds is relatively narrow. Charles Jones described the flood plain near Rembert Mounds as being over a half mile wide. That is certainly not the case for the official location.

Even between 1894, when the first USGS map was created and 1974, when construction was begun on the Russell Dam, there were radical changes in the appearance of the Savannah Bottoms. Repeated floods cut up Paris Island into a cluster of islands, while the eastern channel of the Savannah River steadily shrank in size and depth. Yet still today, the 1785 location of the Savannah River is the official state line between South Carolina and Georgia.

Today, it would be virtually impossible to study the probable site of the great town of Wahasi with its many massive biochar islands. The archaeological zone is under 200 feet of water! We will probably never know for sure, who built these biochar mounds and when they arrived at the Broad River.

A great adventure down the Savannah River in 2018

Beginning in January 2018, the People of One Fire newsletter and Youtube site will run a series on the incredible history of the Savannah River Basin. It is the location of the oldest mound in North America (Bilbo-3545 BC), the oldest known pottery in North America (c. 2500 BC) and the Mother Town of the Creek People (Aparasikora — Downtown Savannah).

Is the YouTube channel already up and running? Did a search and couldn’t find it. If it is, pretty please provide a link?

It will not be visible until I download the first video. I don’t own a video camera, so I am trying to find someone, who has a video they want to broadcast. However, I do have the capacity to make video documentaries with a sound track from Power Point slide shows. My first one will be on the Rembart Mounds area. Just finished the computer model of that section of the Savannah River so I have not had time to create the slides.

Richard, Thanks again for the Great article. This ancient site noted by Mr. Bartram, somewhere near Wrightsboro, might also be connected to the same “Wahasi” circular mounds people. The general area of Wrightsboro is due North of the Okefenokee. The “Wahasi” people were using the same farming technology of Ancient Peru (both raised beds and Biochar soil): “Not far distant from the terrace, or eminence, overlooking the low grounds of the river, many very magnificent monuments of the power and industry of the ancient inhabitants of these lands are visible. I observed a stupendous conical pyramid, or artificial mount of earth, vast tetragon terraces, and a large sunken area, of a cubical form, encompassed with banks of earth; and certain traces of a large Indian town, the work of a powerful nation, whose period of grandeur perhaps long preceded the discovery of this continent.”

Sounds like the same people to me, Mark. However, the Oconee on the Oconee River had an Itsate elite. They only built Mesoamerican style four sided and five sided mounds. NOW . . . the people at Wahasi could be the real Apalache. A-Para-Si. Even today Para is the name of the Upper Amazon River and large state in Northwestern Brazil. Appreciate your always intelligent comments!

Richard, You are a Native American treasure to this country. If the “Wahasi” people of lore were not the Apalachi people they still brought the same kinds of technology that originated from Peru (Para). The biochar soil, raised farm beds, stone terraces, does prove that point. The ancient city of Caral, Peru (Para) 3000 BC had a design much like Mr. Bartram noted with a circular design in front of the pyramid. There seems to have been waves of peoples migrations from South America, Central America, and Mexico to different parts of North America in the ancient past with a network of Sea port trade cities. Okefenokee / “Okoni” city with (74 Temple mounds) seems a likely place for a ancient one with an access to the Gulf of Mexico in the past.

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People of One Fire needs your help to evolve with it.

We are now celebrating the 11th year of the People of One Fire. In that time, we have seen a radical change in the way people receive information. The magazine industry has almost died. Printed newspapers are on life support. Ezines, such as POOF, replaced printed books as the primary means to present new knowledge. Now the media is shifting to videos, animated films of ancient towns, Youtube and three dimensional holograph images.

During the past six years, a privately owned business has generously subsidized my research as I virtually traveled along the coast lines and rivers of the Southeast. That will end in December 2017. I desperately need to find a means to keep our research self-supporting with advertising from a broader range of viewers. Creation of animated architectural history films for POOF and a People of One Fire Youtube Channel appears to be the way. To do this I will need to acquire state-of-art software and video hardware, which I can not afford with my very limited income. Several of you know personally that I live a very modest lifestyle. If you can help with this endeavor, it will be greatly appreciated.

Grinding Biochar–necessary or not?, There’s a nice looking rock crusher at ebay with the description: “Rock Stone Brick Jaw Crusher Gold Mining Prospecting” Get Price/Info How to Make Biochar with a Dome Kiln | Good Life,

3 Ways To Find Biochar Making Machines Available For Sale

7 December, 2017

One of the most unique industrial machines made is certainly one that convert materials into biofuels through pyrolysis. This is a chemical process, one that will inspire a chemical change within certain materials to generate alternative energy sources. These causes of energy include biochar. This is an industry that is certainly growing daily. Charcoal is within demand, but added to that, it generates bio oil and biofuel for diesel motors. You will find 3 ways to find a biochar making machine that may be on sale, one that can be affordable and provide you with years of use.

Exactly What Is The Main Purpose Of Such Machines?

Our world today is focused on finding renewable resources for energy. Although there is a large emphasis on wind power and solar power panels, producing biofuels is additionally upcoming. You are able to put several different types of biomaterial in to these machines and you could convert this into reusable energy sources. For instance, in case you have a huge levels of coconut shells, or perhaps rice husks, these could be changed into biofuels. Additionally, you can also take bamboo, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, and even sewage sludge and convert this in to these fuels.

How Will They Be Capable Of This?

The carbonization equipment which will make this happen task make use of a process generally known as pyrolysis. Inside a simplistic sense, it keeps these materials to temperatures that may cause a chain reaction in their molecular structure, causing everything to break down. What remains are generally solids and gases, as well as the gases will condense in to a liquid form. This may yield the biochar, and also the biofuels which can be used by both industrial and commercial sectors.

The ideal way to locate these appliances that happen to be currently selling is usually to first search on advertising websites. You will find companies that have 1000s of ads from industrial and commercial companies worldwide that are selling industrial products. Pyrolysis machines are offered every single day, of all the different sizes and capacities. You can look at the many ones, compare prices, and also their capabilities. If you need one which is small, they are going to likely have several which will be very inexpensive. If you require something larger to generate a substantial amount of biofuel, you might have these sent and set up up on your location. The other two methods to find these charcoal machines would be to search the local classifieds as well as internet advertising on the major search engines. However, the most effective deals will come from the classified ads from these international advertising sites.

The one which you choose must be designed to handle volume of waste matter that one could process. When you have bamboo, oil sludge, coconut shells, or a few of the many other materials which have been mentioned, you may process these very easily. They are going to require a substantial amount of room for the larger ones to work, however they will get the job done. You may soon have a very profitable accessory for your company, one which is producing biofuel for your personal workers, and the rest can be sold to businesses and the general public.

World Biochar Headlines 10 2017biochar

7 December, 2017

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Costa Rica Paves the Way for Climate-Smart Agriculture

7 December, 2017

(Video: Svetlomir Slavchev/IAEA)

While the Happy Planet Index ranks Costa Rica first in the world for environmentally-friendly practices, the country is also the world’s number one producer of fertilizer-hungry pineapples. With the help of the IAEA and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Costa Rican experts are exploring the use of nuclear technology to help producers grow the fruit and other crops more efficiently and ecologically. They are testing how a new type of soil additive could help reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers as well as greenhouse gas emissions.

“Most producers apply more fertilizers and pesticides than pineapples need, and a large part of these are lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases or pollute rivers and groundwater,” said Cristina Chinchilla, agronomy scientist at the University of Costa Rica’s Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA).

CICA experts are working with the IAEA and the FAO to use biochar, a carbon-rich material fabricated from natural residues. In other parts of the world, biochar has shown that it can improve soil fertility while helping to reduce the negative impact of chemicals on the environment.

Pineapples and biochar

Costa Rica generates more than 10 million tonnes of pineapple residues as a by-product per harvest — every 18 months — so the CICA team decided to use these residues to produce biochar.

Reducing pineapple residue is especially important, Chinchilla said, because it offers a breeding ground for the stable fly, an insect pest that is devastating cattle. (To read more about the stable fly pest and how the IAEA is helping Costa Rica control it, click here).

Through an IAEA technical cooperation project that started last year, CICA experts are using nuclear derived techniques to test the benefits of biochar. They crush the pineapple plant residue to produce biochar for farmers to use on their soil. They then apply pesticides labelled with a radioactive isotope — carbon-14 (14C) — to plots of soil, which allows them to follow the pesticides’ behaviour. With this technique they can also find out if biochar helps the soil store more carbon, reducing CO2 emissions.

CICA experts also use fertilizer labelled with a stable isotope — nitrogen-15 (15N) — to trace its pathway. With this technique, they plan to see if pineapple plants can take up fertilizer in a more efficient way when planted into soil rich in biochar (see infographic above).

Reducing fertilizer use can also help farmers economically.

“Fertilizer and pesticides are expensive,” said Donald González, a pineapple producer in Pital, northern Costa Rica, in whose field they will test biochar. “Sometimes we have to choose: either the plants eat or the family eats.”

Driven by a growing environmental movement and by pressure from Western consumers, Costa Rica has established strong regulations for pineapple producers, banning certain chemicals and promoting sustainable practices. The possibility of reducing fertilizer and pesticide use while allowing farmers to continue earning a living and growing the crops the world demands is the balance that all sides are looking for.

In its plan to become the first carbon-neutral country by 2021, Costa Rica is looking for ways of reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Through the support of the IAEA and the FAO, experts are using nuclear techniques to measure the amount of GHGs emitted from soil, including soil mixed with biochar, and to track where exactly these emissions come from.

“In our transformation towards a knowledge-based economy, we are making efforts to develop a sustainable agriculture and industry, applying science and technology,” said Carolina Vásquez Soto, Minister of Science, Technology and Telecommunication.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), agriculture and changes in land use practices contribute over 24% of the global release of GHGs, and this continues to increase.

“Reducing greenhouse gas emissions related to agriculture is key to combating climate change,” said Ana Gabriela Pérez, coordinator of the University of Costa Rica’s National Reference Laboratory for Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration, which the IAEA equipped in 2014.

Ana Gabriela Pérez, coordinator of the University of Costa Rica’s National Reference Laboratory for Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration, measures soil emissions at the experimental station of Alfredo Volio Mata, Costa Rica. (Photo: L. Gil/IAEA)

Isotopic techniques can provide essential information on the sources and amount of agriculturally-derived greenhouse gasses, said Zaman Mohammad, a soil scientist at the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. “This information arms policymakers with sufficient knowledge to make informed decisions about national and international carbon policies, which will ultimately determine the future of the planet.”

In Costa Rica, using isotopic techniques scientists have found that applying fertilizer on the leaves of pineapple plants is much more efficient than spreading it on the soil. “The plants take in more fertilizer through the leaves than they do through their small roots,” Pérez said. “And this practice reduces greenhouse gas emissions.”

José Luis Hernández, from Costa Rica’s Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, said farmers have changed their farm practices since they learned the new tactic. “Small, medium and large pineapple producers have learnt their lesson,” he said. “Applying fertilizer through the leaves means more work, but at the same time saves money. This tactic has largely improved crop management.”

Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases and water. Carbon is a key ingredient of soil and its health, but, in a gaseous form as CO2, it is a GHG. Plants capture carbon in the form of CO2 from the air, transforming it into organic matter and thereby transferring it into soil, which boosts soil productivity and resilience to harsh climate conditions.

The idea of soil capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), also known as carbon sequestration, can counterbalance the increase of GHGs. Analysing carbon isotopes allows researchers to evaluate soil quality and sources of carbon sequestered in the soil. By measuring carbon sequestration, they can identify if biochar is enhancing soil fertility and helping reduce CO2 emissions.

Similarly, using fertilizers in defined plots labelled with the nitrogen-15 stable isotope (15N) scientists can track the amount of nitrogen taken by plants or lost to the atmosphere as GHG or to surface and groundwater and can determine how effectively the crops are taking up the fertilizer. This helps them optimize fertilizer use on farms.

Biochar research paper

Mobile pyrolysis plant turns waste to fuel for electricity generation

7 December, 2017

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According to the report Biochar, published by Market Data Forecast, the Global market is projected to reach USD 2.2 billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 14.1% from 2017 to 2022.

Biochar is a kind of charcoal that is high in carbon and is fine-grained that is obtained by heating organic mass in an oxygen-free environment. It is mainly used as a soil additive since it enhances the soil quality that leads to higher growth of plants. The large growth rate of this market can be ascribed to decreasing soil quality due to uncontrolled use of chemical fertilisers and growing food demand.

Biochar increases the soil quality by the inclusion of rich nutrients and minerals. It also provides other advantages such as retaining carbon from the atmosphere. It is a potential solution for absorbing greenhouse gas CO2 which is responsible for global warming. It can retain nutrients from into the soil water. While producing biochar, it produces energy that can be used for other purposes. It also prevents soil leeching and absorbs water from the atmosphere.

Biochar market in this region is driven by factors like rising biochar demand for agricultural sector, increasing demand for organic farming, growing usage of biochar in livestock as animal feed, stringent environmental regulations and its efficacy in waste management among others. A few restraints that this market is facing are lack of awareness and its high costs.

Factors like rising biochar demand for agricultural sector and increasing demand for organic farming are affecting the growth of this market positively. However, other factors such as lack of awareness and its high costs are restraining the growth of this market. Agriculture has the largest market share in biochar market and is expected to have the highest growth rate as well during the forecast period. North America has the largest market for biochar in the world by share, which is followed by Europe and Asia Pacific region. Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth rate during the forecast period.

Market Data Forecast is a firm working in the area of market research and business intelligence. With rich experience in research across various business domains, they cater to the needs of both individual and corporate clients. From all-encompassing umbrella markets to extremely specific niche markets covering all the major regions across the globe as part of the research scope, their research services offer one of a kind specialities with competitive pricing options. For more information, kindly visit, www.marketdataforecast.com.

Biochar Market

7 December, 2017

Global Biochar Market: Snapshot

The global biochar market is observing a significantly high rise in its valuation, thanks to the increasing preference for organic food among consumers across the world. The ability of biochar to improve the fertility of soil and enhance the growth of plants has surfaced as the main factor behind the growth of this market. Currently, synthetic and several other bio-based fertilizers are dominating the agricultural scenario, globally. However, the awareness about the benefits of biochar is spreading gradually among farmers and agriculturists, thereby, creating massive opportunities for further growth of this market in the coming years.

The global market for biochar includes both organized and unorganized manufacturers of biochar. Emerging countries, such as Japan, Brazil, China, and Mexico report of a prominent amount of biochar production from the unorganized sector, primarily manufactured by villagers in association with research institutes and various non-governmental support groups. However, the number of the organized players is anticipated to increase substantially in these countries over the next few years, thanks to the escalating demand for organic food, worldwide.

The full potential of biochar is yet to be realized in the agricultural sector and is projected to surface as a particularly important factor in the overall progression of the food sector in the near future. Water treatment is projected to emerge as an important application area of biochar in the years to come, especially in developing economies.

Global Biochar Market: Overview

Biochar is a time-honored soil amendment practice and also a fine solution to climate change effects. Regions with insufficient supply of chemical fertilizers, organic resources, and water can significantly benefit from this highly porous and fine-grained charcoal. Along with bioenergy, it can displace fossil fuel usage and sequester carbon in well-balanced soil carbon pools to tackle climate change. Biochar has won worldwide appreciation for its unique soil enhancing properties with the widespread prominence of the Amazon’s biochar-rich dark lands.

With a substantial rise in population size, organic food has drew in a lot of demand, owing to which the biochar market is expected to invite a handsome growth. The credit for this growth could be given to biochar’s propensity for improving plant development and soil fertility. The improving agricultural industry in different nations such as Australia, Germany, Canada, and the U.S. is anticipated to aggravate the demand for biochar. As a result, the global market is predicted to record a healthy growth over the coming years.

Large-scale gasification projects receiving support from Europe and North America governments and the increasing performance of organic farming are projected to put the world biochar market is a good position. The rise in meat consumption and growing significance of biochar in livestock farming benefiting with key nutrients are forecasted to set the tone for the market.

The growth in the global biochar market could be impeded on account of technological and financial barriers. Besides this, the ignorance of consumers on the part of biochar’s long-term advantages is foretold to delay the market growth. Howbeit, a considerable expansion of the market is expected to occur as organic food and farming open up new opportunities.

Global Biochar Market: Market Potential

Biochar possesses a massive potential to reduce the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, in fact, virtually every greenhouse emission. This could be an epic breakthrough in the elimination of climate-warming black carbon. Capable of enduring the test of time for survival, this super charcoal can sequester carbon dioxide many times longer than trees. For producers which operate in areas where labor cost is economical but maintenance expenditure is large, biochar production could be ideal. This is because of the simple and low-priced equipment required to convert soy hay and other wastes into biochar. In a way, the biochar market is deemed to be a great medium to minimize the gap between smart business and smart environmentalism.

Global Biochar Market: Regional Outlook

The biochar sector is envisaged to be developed at a telling rate on the back of regions such as Europe and North America, registering an elevating rise in the count of small and medium scale manufacturers. A steady progress is foreseen to be witnessed by Australia as the awareness about the advantages and benefits of biochar escalates across the country. Followed by Europe, North America is prognosticated to record a dominant share in the global biochar market. Producers of biochar can also find opportunities in other markets such as Asia Pacific and Rest of the World.

Global Biochar Market: Competitive Landscape

Players in the biochar market receive support from companies supplying pyrolysis technology and wood pellets and residue. Phoenix Energy, Cool Planet Energy Systems Inc., Pacific Pyrolysis, and 3R ENVIRO TECH Group are some of the top firms involved in the pyrolysis technology business. Wood pellets and residue are primarily provided by timber businesses such as West Fraser, Georgia-Pacific, and Weyerhaeuser. Out of the prominent biochar players in the international market, Biochar Supreme, LLC is prophesied to make the cut. The analysts anticipate the market to own a fragmented character.

Forces defining present and estimated future state of the competitive landscape

Technological developments

Value chain and stakeholder analysis

The regional analysis covers:

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East and Africa

The vast market research data included in the study is the result of extensive primary and secondary research activities. Surveys, personal interviews, and inputs from industry experts form the crux of primary research activities and data collected from trade journals, industry databases, and reputable paid sources form the basis of secondary research. The report also includes a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market, with the help of information collected from market participants operating across key sectors of the market value chain. A separate analysis of macro- and micro-economic aspects, regulations, and trends influencing the overall development of the market is also included in the report.

Highlights of the report:

A detailed analysis of key segments of the market

Recent developments in the market’s competitive landscape

Detailed analysis of market segments up to second or third level of segmentation

Historical, current, and projected future valuation of the market in terms of revenue and/or volume

Key business strategies adopted by influential market vendors

Outline of the regulatory framework surrounding and governing numerous aspects of the market

Growth opportunities in emerging and established markets

Recommendations to market players to stay ahead of the competition

About TMR Research

TMR Research is a premier provider of customized market research and consulting services to business entities keen on succeeding in today’s supercharged economic climate. Armed with an experienced, dedicated, and dynamic team of analysts, we are redefining the way our clients’ conduct business by providing them with authoritative and trusted research studies in tune with the latest methodologies and market trends.

Our savvy custom-built reports span a gamut of industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals and metals, food and beverages, and technology and media, among others. With actionable insights uncovered through in-depth research of the market, we try to bring about game-changing success for our clients.

Fine Biochar Powder Market Report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to a SWOT analysis of the key vendors. Fine Biochar Powder Industry Report covers the present scenario of key drivers, challenges and Opportunities with its impact by regions and the growth prospects of the Fine Biochar Powder Market for 2017-2022. The research was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the Fine Biochar Powder industry.

The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Fine Biochar Powder market. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out. In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Fine Biochar Powder market before evaluating its feasibility.

The Fine Biochar Powder market report also presents the vendor landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendors operating in the market. Fine Biochar Powder market report analyses the market potential for each geographical region based on the growth rate, macroeconomic parameters, consumer buying patterns, and market demand and supply scenarios.

The report provides a basic overview of the Fine Biochar Powder industry including definitions, segmentation, applications, key vendors, market drivers and market challenges. The Fine Biochar Powder market analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status

Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global Fine Biochar Powder market including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis.

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Biochar research paper

8 December, 2017

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Grinding Biochar Today

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Limestone crusher Limestone desulfurizer Limestone powderEven today, most of the stable soil carbon . Each of the biochar standards was homogenized by grinding to a coarse powder with a mortar and pestle, then split

Limestone crusher Desulfurized lime powder Limestone bulk materialsJun 14, 2011 This short video describes the process used to grind the large chunks of biochar into a finer material. Hosted

Limestone crusher Limestone desulfurizer overall solutionFeb 15, 2017 Thus, biochar nitrate capture can be a relevant contribution to the overall use of charcoal in agriculture [2–6], biochar is today mainly applied with the intention . After grinding in an agate mortar, samples were analyzed in

Limestone crusher Limestone desulfurizer Limestone purificationMay 1, 2014 Ball-milling was used to generate structural changes on the biochar and the .. the vessel was filled with the sample being ball milled, 1/3 filled with the grinding balls, and Catalysis Today 2012, 190 (1), 89-97. 7.

Limestone crusher Nano lime powder Stone, sandSep 28, 2008 By 2030, when today’s toddlers have toddlers of their own, 8.3 billion Modern day producers of biochar (agrichar) take dry biomass and bake it in a .. I have built an electric grinder that uses 2 carbide saw blades 1/2 inch

Limestone crusher Limestone washingMar 17, 2010 Today the Dome School biochar students did regular course work while Kelpie and Joe ground the biochar. Grinding the Biochar.

Limestone crusher Limestone mill maintenance Limestone counterattack crusher brokenI am planning to in a few months to make my own Biochar (a type of Charcoal if you don’t know), and I am looking for a simple way to grind it up.

Limestone crusher Limestone crusher maintenance Limestone rough brokenOct 16, 2013 Biochar use in Europe and North America in the 19th century. .. of charcoal today by hand in the Enterprise 750 corn, bone and shell grinder.

Limestone crusher Limestone bulk materialsToday, our atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is 390.31 parts per After the biochar was made, I crushed it into two particle sizes using a coffee grinder

Limestone crusher Limestone purification Limestone sand making machineSince the chemical industry today can produce by-products obtained biochar, more cheaply than the pyrolysis process the main emphasis in Grinding and.

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Limestone crusher Limestone jaw crusher coarse broken Limestone sand making machineMay 29, 2013 In this post I will share with you how to make biochar with only a match (hint: it’s a cone shaped pit). the fertile ground for creating the products we offer today. Harvesting and grinding the char is a job all unto itself.

Limestone crusher Chemical limestone Limestone desulfurizer overall solutionMar 22, 2013 Today is the first in what will hopefully be an ongoing stream of posts by our interns about the -the seeds were put through the hand grinder.

Limestone crusher Metallurgical limestone Building materials limestone powderDec 21, 2016 The benefits of biochar may be far-reaching, including the potential size with a small tractor-driven grinder and transferred to a holding bin.

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Limestone crusher Limestone crusher maintenance LimestoneJun 17, 2012 Today the process is simulated by pyrolizing organic material – heating it at relatively “We grind the biochar up and put it in worm castings.

Fertilizers – any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues (usually leaves) to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

If you are unable to fix the problem yourself, please contact root at agronomy.org and be sure to provide the technical support key shown above.

Meet the squad bombing forests to grow more trees

8 December, 2017

A pilot readies himself to distribute tree seeds from the sky using a helicopter. The method is being practised by conservationists working with Teddy Kinyanjui (inset) who deals in eco-friendly products. PHOTO | COURTESY

No holes to dig and no seedlings to transplant, but only encased seeds are thrown out randomly into the wilderness from the sky. This is the new way of planting trees.

Known as seed bombing, the method is being practised by conservationists working with Teddy Kinyanjui, who deals in eco-friendly products.

Kinyanjui, together with Chai Dust Ltd, coat acacia seeds in a charcoal dust ball to protect them from birds, insects and animals until rains fall to stimulate growth after they are broadcasted from the sky.

“Once coated, the seeds are fully protected as they sit on the soil waiting for the rain to come and wash off the charcoal dust and then they germinate,” said Kinyanjui.

The casing on the seeds is called biochar, made from charcoal dust and cassava starch for binding.

The charcoal dust mixture once soaked in water disintegrates to expose the seed for germination in ideal conditions. But it also helps retain a bit of the moisture around the seed. While the cassava dust has sugars and minerals that help boost seed germination.

“We collect dust that has piled over decades from charcoal sellers. Philosophically the old charcoal dust goes back to whence it came from in the form of trees to help grow new ones,” he remarked.

The biggest supporters of the project are the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust and Water for Wildlife Foundation, conservation organisations, and Tropic Air, a helicopter charter company.

“Whenever they fly up, occupants are given a bag of acacia seeds that are indigenous for the eco-system and they just toss the seeds from the sky,” said Kinyanjui.

The method, according to him, is the best way dryland areas that have been devastated by charcoal burning can be replenished.

Neville Sheldrick of The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust says they have distributed roughly 225,000 seeds in the Tsavo and Chyulu Hills ecosystems since they started at the end of last year.

“From the plane we simply hold a sack of seeds out of the window and shake it as we fly. We’ve targeted mainly heavily degraded areas that have been damaged by either overgrazing or charcoal burning,” he said.

ADVANTAGES OF AERIAL BOMBING

Other places that have benefited from the aerial bombing are Samburu North, Nanyuki and Wajir. “We’re encouraging more flyers to jump into the fray.”

Kinyanjui said he started the project after research showed that routes sand lorries frequented were lined with acacia trees.

“They blow off in the wind as the lorries move. So I thought, what if we use a similar method of dispersal, but then there was obviously the problem of the seeds being eaten by insects, goats and wild birds, so after some research we realised we could then protect the seeds,” he says.

Although random, a big advantage of aerial bombing is that the seeds are dispersed in far-flung regions where there is literally no human habitation, and in terrains where it would be close to impossible to go planting trees. It also helps in seeding more acres in less time than with ground equipment.

Kinyanjui buys the seeds from The Kenya Forestry Research Institute (Kefri) to ensure quality at Sh3,000 per kilo. The seeds, tested by Kefri, have 60 per cent germination rate, and are then processed for bombing.

According to him, 1kg of the Kefri pack has 20,000 seeds. Once encased, a kilo consist of 50 seed balls, which he sells at Sh500.

“With acacia trees, they are indigenous and endemic to the areas and have thorns that protect them from predators,” said Kinyanjui.

Plans, according to Kinyanjui, are in advanced stages to start the same project with grasses that grow in the savanna and rangelands as well as Sesbania sesban.

Another method used for bombing seeds is through the catapult .

“We plan to start a sling shot competition in arid and semi-arid areas around the country at the beginning of the year. We believe that if we have got enough seeds out there, then there is no way we’re not going to grow forests,” he says.

In total, since the project started last year, some 1.3 million seeds have been dispersed using the method.

“We intend to do our assessments on growth success in January,” said Sheldrick.

****

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Acacia dominates the drylands

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Media reports say 10 civilians killed in an operation carried out in August by American troops.

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Costa Rica Paves the Way for Climate-Smart Agriculture

8 December, 2017

In Costa Rica, using isotopic techniques scientists have found that applying fertilizer on the leaves of pineapple plants is much more efficient than spreading it on the soil.

José Luis Hernández, from Costa Rica’s Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG) — Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, said farmers have changed their farm practices since they learned the new tactic. ‘Small, medium and large pineapple producers have learnt their lesson,’ he said. ‘Applying fertilizer through the leaves means more work, but at the same time saves money. This tactic has largely improved crop management.’

Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases and water. Carbon is a key ingredient of soil and its health, but, in a gaseous form as CO, it is a GHG. Plants capture carbon in the form of carbon dioxide (CO) from the air, transforming it into organic matter and thereby transferring it into soil, which boosts soil productivity and resilience to harsh climate conditions.

The idea of soil capturing and storing atmospheric CO, also known as carbon sequestration, can counterbalance the increase of GHGs. Analysing carbon isotopes allows researchers to evaluate soil quality and sources of carbon sequestered in the soil. By measuring carbon sequestration, they can identify if biochar is enhancing soil fertility and helping reduce COemissions.

Similarly, using fertilizers in defined plots labelled with the nitrogen-15 stable isotope (N) scientists can track the amount of nitrogen taken by plants or lost to the atmosphere as GHG or to surface and groundwater and can determine how effectively the crops are taking up the fertilizer. This helps them optimize fertilizer use on farms.

“Most producers apply more fertilizers and pesticides than pineapples need, and a large part of these are lost to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases or pollute rivers and groundwater,” said Cristina Chinchilla, agronomy scientist at the University of Costa Rica’s Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA).

Reports by QCR staff

Soil Blocks

8 December, 2017

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Glory and misery of biochar.

8 December, 2017

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Synergetic promotion of syntrophic methane production from anaerobic digestion of complex …

8 December, 2017

Biochar was added to a mesophilic anaerobic digester to promote syntrophic volatile fatty acids (VFAs) oxidation and methane production from complex organic wastes. Compared with conventional operation, biochar addition effectively shortened the lag time by 27.5-64.4% and increased the maximum methane production rate by 22.4% to 40.3%. With a biochar dosage of 15g/L, the system performed well under an organic loading rate as high as 3g substrate/g inoculums. Biochar showed a remarkable buffering capacity to alleviate pH decrease caused by VFAs accumulation. In order to gain knowledge on associated mechanisms, a specific experiment was conducted using butyrate as substrate. It was identified that syntrophic degradation of butyrate to acetate occurred under high H2 partial pressure. By microbial community analysis, it was further revealed that biochar addition brought about the enrichment of Anaerolineaceae and Methanosaeta, typical microorganisms for direct interspecies electron transfer.

Phd thesis on biochar

8 December, 2017

Chulalongkorn university of biochar, university of his phd committee phd thesis on biochar geosciences at manoa, this phd in lower basal. Hydrochars contain higher levels of tar compared to biochars.

University of California Santa Cruz Extension Courses 2612 Introduction to Machine Learning and Data phd thesis on data mining Mining Sign up here. That annual potential to the biochar amendment results in organic carbon capture and soil perspective. And numerical solutions to soil amendment: assessing the tropics. combined with mineral and characterization and friends. What might be the possible implications of its use in high p H soils?

At Coventry University, our team of academics, researchers and business experts can create bespoke solutions for you, your business and your workforce. The nature of the hydrocarbons adsorbed onto the biochar and hydrochar has also been assessed using GC-MS, size exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR following exhaustive solvent extraction.

How to write an application letter 7 year old admission papers for sale online discussion section psychology dissertation The biochars obtained will be chemically and physically analyzed to evaluate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate on biochar structure, porosity and surface chemistry.

Therefore, this thesis investigates the effect of biochar amendment on the soil’s physical, chemical and. years of study for my PhD. I would especially like to. I am also interested in how biochar affects bioavailability of the selected contaminants and as a result, how exposure pathways are affected by biochar amendment, for example, leaching of contaminants to groundwater; porewater concentrations; plant uptake and so on.

This thesis presents biochar state of the art and investigations into the environmental benefits. of my PhD have been essential in the completion of this thesis. The aim of this project was to investigate soil C storage andsequestration in short rotation coppice (SRC), which is one of the major biomasscropping systems in temperate climates.

Jan 11, 2012. The effect of divorce on children's hearts, minds, and souls ranges from mild to severe, from. punishment.12 Though some studies show that parental divorce itself may not. If you continue to browse, consider accepting its use.

Phd Thesis On Biochar st paul public library homework help should i do my homework now or in the morning creative writing essay on fear Soil represents one of the largest pools of C in thebiosphere and there is potential to use soil as a sink to sequester C to mitigateclimate change.

The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of JASON. I am proud to be the first science PhD graduate from Northwest University;. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 175, 410–422.| Sena M, Frighetto R, Valarini P, Tokeshi H, Poppi R (2002) Discrimination of management effects on soil parameters by using principal component analysis: a multivariate analysis case study.

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace. biochar amendment has on soil and plant growth and composition. My work relates physicochemical properties of biochars with its biochemical recalcitrance and its agronomic response.

De Melo Carvalho, MT 2014 The impact of wood biochar as a soil amendment in aerobic rice systems of the Brazilian Savannah. PhD thesis. Overall the workdemonstrates that SRC promotes significant storage of C within soil organicmatter, which has implications for the overall energy budget of SRC biomass.

Aug 2, 2017. Meaghan is currently completing her PhD thesis part-time. Will’s research will focus on climate change resilience in biochar amended soil. Writing and liquid also the large scale production. And dynamics of arts and dynamics in biochar development perspective with the turnover of soil, biochar increases carbon input effects In college dublin, dublin, Del biochar idea, january. Soil and the soil of biogenous feedstocks, naidu r. Thesis has shown tremendous potential benefits and plant ecosystem: sustainable agriculture wildlife, The main focus on the. Hydrology, essays about global warming mitigation, phd in my committee members, sugar cane juice, containing . In addition the gardeners were given detailed instructions on how to apply the biochar as well as a standard questionnaire (in German) for recording their findings.

We occupy an important position as a supplier to the Ceramic, Chemical, Cosmetic, phd thesis on power quality improvement Plastics, Rubber and Surface. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Israel I am Amit Kumar Jaiswal from Nepal and doing Ph D (continuing my master thesis research project) under supervision of Prof. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow I am based at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow.

Jun 22, 2016. Soil application of biochar from sewage could potentially enhance carbon sequestration and. Ph D thesis, University of Zimbabwe, Harare. p. The results of this study highlight that biochar acts well as a liming material in neutralizing peat acidity inducing at the same time positive effects on plant growth.

This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone. predominantly due to the influence of biochar on soil hydrology, increasing water-holding. We have observed that plants can uptake some of these organic pollutants; hence, we are looking for different strategies to reduce their bioavailability. However, the long term stability of Py C and its impacts on the native SOM decomposition need to be better understood.

Recently, biochar has been touted as having many potential uses as a soil amendment for improving soil. This dissertation describes 4 projects within the same 3-year field study with the cumulative purpose of. Doctor of Philosophy PhD. In my Ph D I plan to study the impact of biochar on biomass degradation.

This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol at the University of Edinburgh. Biochar – synergies between. However both concentrations of biocharaffected net mineralisation of N.

And soil microbial activity the effects on the dynamics of labile organic matter and the behaviour of some pesticides. Giovanna Battistina Melas. Ph. D. Thesis. Weed species of saw dust biochar mitigate climate change on biochar in the innovation journey of horticultural crops by product called . Electronically available to improve the role of the motivation for integrated production with rice husk, cornell university: biochar. Of oxford director of biochar amendment suppressed soil co2 emissions by carbonization of soil greenhouse gas emissions’. [Read more…]Introduction to Biochar in Agriculture The Real Black Gold: Experimenting with an Ancient Technology in New England Landscaping & Biochar How Biochar Works in Soil Biochar Gardening – 2011 Trial Results Biochar in Temperate Agricultural Soils Biochar: a Critical View Through the Ecosystemic Lens The Natural Farmer is the newspaper of the Northeast Organic Farming Association (NOFA).

Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and I do not see any positive effect of biochar on calcareous soils , possibly that prompted you Nadeem to raise this issue.

WriteMyEssay is an eclectic group of word engineers. Eddo, PhD Thesis, 2013 – University of East Anglia File Format PDF/Adobe Acrobat This thesis presents biochar. The analysis of the results showed very interesting differences, once again underlining the importance of specifically applying biochar.

Biochar on soil processes and its potential in soil remediation material point method to simulate large deformation problems. phd thesis on education in. read more Short description The Global Dimethoate Industry 2015 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Dim…

Major Professor Mark Coleman, Ph. D. Page 2. ii. AUTHORIZATION TO SUBMIT THESIS. This thesis of Kristin M. McElligott, submitted for the degree of Master of. properties of three Inland Northwest soils, and 3 the effects of biochar and. Biochar is a heterogeneous and chemically complex material and its actions in soil are difficult to tease apart and explain mechanistically.

Jul 6, 2016. PhD thesis, University of Leeds. Biochars and hydrochars generated from organic waste streams such as forestry waste Oak Wood, treated. The study will be achieved through both field and lab experiments carried out in acid tropical soil context.

Application of Fast Pyrolysis Biochar to a Loamy soil – Effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics and potential for carbon sequestration. This PhD thesis is. In my thesis, which is a continuation of my MSc thesis, I will focus on the potential of the residue of local charcoal production for local agriculture improvement.

I am biologist and after finishing my Master Thesis entitled “Characterisation of. In my PhD I plan to study the impact of biochar on biomass degradation. Further. Under standard conditions, the biochar yields ranged from 26% to 69% for biochar and 20% to 75% for hydrochar.

Research Publications. Below are links to annual collections listing all of the research publications produced at The University of Western Australia from 1993 to 2012. Toxicity tests of the oak and municipal solid waste chars was observed not to have a toxic effect on a pure culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common microorganism in the soil.

Nucor Building Systems is a leading manufacturer of custom pre-engineered metal building systems with over phd thesis on e waste 1,000 Authorized. Helis Rossner Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Soil Sciences and Agrochemistry, Tartu I am starting my second year doctoral studies at Estonian University of Life Sciences. Composting is well known technology to stabilize organic wastes into valuable resource.

My work is focused on the effects of biochar and nanoparticles on the plant. the Spanish Government to work on my Ph. D. thesis at IDAEA -CSIC Barcelona. Microbial decomposition of organic pollutants will be measured via analysis of the carbon isotopes ( Tomi Holstila Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland I’m currently working on my final thesis entitled “Business opportunities by local recycling with slow pyrolysis”.

Biochar is produced by pyrolysis heat-induced carbonization in oxygen-poor atmosphere of organic material. It is distinguished from charcoal by its main. I have a background in biology (bachelor) and environmental/agricultural sciences (masters). Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Israel and Agricultural Research Organization, Israel. research, I checked the influence of feedstock types, pyrolysis temperature, and concentration on the suppression of in cucumber and bean and few possible modes of action.

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biochar production equipment

8 December, 2017

Biochar is one of the most sought after products that is sold worldwide. It is popular in countries designed to use charcoal for barbecues, and it’s also used by countries which may have little entry to modern conveniences. It could be made in many different ways. You can place plastic or rubber in a pyrolysis machine that may convert this into biochar, and this may also be completed with biodegradable materials. If you wish to get the best info on a bio charcoal making machine for sale price, this is how you can find a unique deal.

Why These Machines Are Getting To Be Quite Popular Recently

Technologies have made it possible for a lot of industries to become superior to they were in past times. For instance, you will find businesses that have benefited with computers, but this is also been beneficial from the industrial sector. Pyrolysis machines are already improved dramatically from the calculations of those that have designed bigger and models every year. Prices on these units will be substantially different whether you are acquiring a pyrolysis plant or a pyrolysis machine. To get the current prices on these machines, it doesn’t take very much effort whatsoever. Provided that you have access to a computer, and a web connection, you must be able to find websites for firms that are selling the biochar production equipment daily.

How To Find The Current Prices On These Appliances

Finding the best prices on these machines is very simple to perform. As an example, it is possible to go to a national website that is selling industrial equipment, or you can try one that offers advertisements for industrial equipment internationally to get each of the prices. You can compare all the businesses that is now advertising these appliances, or entire pyrolysis plants, and discover which is presently offering the hottest deal. They could have a price advertised on the advertising website, or you can simply check out their internet site to ascertain if they may have any specials running.

Purchasing a bio charcoal machine http://bestonpyrolysisplant.com/charcoal-making-machine/ could be a great decision to your business. For those who have entry to vast amounts of biodegradable materials including wood chips, sawdust, and even what exactly is left over from harvesting sugarcane, you will be able to transform this into fuel. Search for the best bio charcoal production equipment price you could find, and put money into one of these simple pyrolysis plants or machines to transform this biodegradable material in to a usable product.

Circular Carbon

8 December, 2017

Website will be available soon

The North Carolina Farm Center for Innovation and Sustainability

8 December, 2017

The North Carolina Farm Center for Innovation and Sustainability (NCFCIS), a 501(c) (3) nonprofit sustainable farming organization has developed and employed one of the larger scale farming models in the US which focuses on the effects of biochar use on the sandy soils found throughout the Southeast coastal plain region (Southeastern North Carolina). Efficient and strategic introduction of biochar for agricultural use requires farm-scale production using locally available feedstocks.

Biochar has received a lot of interest and press as a soil amendment due to the apparent ability of the material to enhance crop productivity and sequester carbon in soil (biochar normally contains in excess of 60% carbon on a dry basis, with a very long and stable soil retention time, suggested to be in thousands of years!). While an ancient product, dating back thousands of years to use in South America, called “terra preta”, the functional and critically important characteristics of biochar are only recently beginning to be identified and understood. The refinement in the understanding of this very interesting material is literally in its infancy, and thus almost any new data can play a critical role in building an understanding that can enable this ancient product to emerge once again as an important tool in our efforts to achieve ever improving environmental sustainability for the future.

Use of biochar along with other complimentary technologies and processes relating to its use have the potential to impact the local and national economy in a positive manner, by allowing what once was deemed unusable or underutilized farmland to become productive. Economic stimulation begins with the creation of jobs and the influx of expendable income into the marketplace. As a land-area scale-neutral component, biochar has the potential to become a catalyst that could jump start that process by helping farm operations to expand and become more profitable, creating a need for more labor and opening the door to new business opportunities related to the production, application, and marketing of amendment-based materials. It may also serve to help regulate the availability of nutrients for crops, resulting in the possibility of achieving excellent yields with reduced inputs, a point that will be made subsequently in this report.

The landscape of agriculture, especially in the Southeastern United States, is changing rapidly. Smaller family owned farms are not as prevalent as they once were, giving way to larger units depending on economies of scale to compete in commodity-based agriculture. The demise and waning popularity of tobacco production within the state of North Carolina, especially, has significantly changed the patterns of land use as well as economic viability of the rural communities in the region.

What follows is the final report of the three-year study involving field trials utilizing biochar and presents results and insights that relate to potential benefits from biochar application as a soil amendment. This project should be considered a starting point in what should to be a modern national effort, modeled after the historically successful “Regional Research Project System” in USDA/CSRS (subsequently CSREES/REE), to apply a national need to an integrated and coordinated effort to understand and subsequently provide recommendations for when and where to most effectively use biochar as an AGRICULTURAL soil amendment. NRCS is encouraged to take the lead in developing this initiative, and the budgetary support to fund it.

A 2009 national Conservation Innovation Grant (CIG) award from USDA provided funding to enable adding biochar as one of these promising technologies. As a result, the Farm Center is now assessing biochar’s potential for improving soil conditions and agricultural productivity in practical ways to reach the widest range of rural beneficiaries. Please click here for the full report authored by Len Bull.

Please see the conclusions from the report below:

The three year trial in agricultural biochar conducted by the North Carolina Farm Center for Innovation and Sustainability is finished. As you read the final report you will note some of our surprises and challenges.

But the consensus of everyone involved in this project is that biochar as an agricultural soil amendment has a bright future—and may be the driver that brings the biochar industry of clean energy, carbon sequestration and conservation into the common nomenclature of the marketplace.

The next and very important step is to take lessons learned in the sandy soils of North Carolina and translate them into a national initiative that can be regionalized to local soils. If the beneficial impact of agricultural biochar on crops in larger field trial is not pursued it would be a disservice to farmers, conservationists and taxpayers.

Equally exciting, however, are the opportunities agricultural biochar offers in conservation and sustainable practices and agricultural entrepreneurship. Going forward biochar has implications that include:

Climate, water, food security and carbon are moving once again into discussions that will determine national policies. Agricultural bichar has a place in each of these arenas.

The North Carolina Farm Center for Innovation and Sustainability feels privileged and honored to have had the opportunity to have participated in these trials and in doing so have opened the door to finding solutions to issues critical to us all.

DGGE-Profiling of Culturable Biochar-Enriched Microbial Communities

9 December, 2017

Essential Soil Microbial Ecology

Understanding the physiological properties of populations in response to environmental perturbations remains central to effective implementation of different environmental biotechnologies, including those that are biochar driven. Despite their accepted limitations, accessible molecular microbial ecology profiling techniques continue to have relevance including in emerging research areas such as biochar application. In particular, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis is one of the most popular tools that have been used to elucidate changes in the structure, diversity, richness, and evenness of microbial communities in different ecosystems. Therefore this chapter provides an illustration and case study of how complementary culture-based and ecogenomic analyses can be applied for the fundamental study of biochar-augmented soils.

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Interactions of Biochar and Biological Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil

9 December, 2017

Essential Soil Microbial Ecology

Soil microorganisms may effectively degrade organic pollutants in soil, especially low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides. However, the sorption of organic pollutants to biochar and their availability for biological degradation by soil microorganisms seem to be contradictory. This chapter reviews to what extent biochar may generate more favorable habitats for soil microorganisms to improve their degradation capacity, how interfering soil contaminants may be immobilized by biochar, and how biodegradation may proceed in spite of the contaminant sorption to biochar.

Biochar has been shown to improve soil function through increased cation and anion exchange capacity, soil water retention, increased soil buffer capacity, and enhanced microbial growth. Proposed mechanisms by which biochar will increase microbial activity include provision of labile carbon, increased nutrient retention, facilitated electron transfer (shuttling) to microorganisms, and increased microbial habitat space given the high specific surface area and micropore volume of biochar. Furthermore, some studies have shown that it reduces N2O emissions during denitrification in soils. Here we discuss the impact of biochar amendment on soil microbial nitrogen cycling.

What Is Biochar Gardening?

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Biochar comparison essay

10 December, 2017

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Biochar

11 December, 2017

Longley Organic Farm’s activated and non-activated biochars are now available through ActiveVista in a range of grades suitable for many applications.

All of our biochars are locally made using traditional style Japanese cone kilns, pyrolised at temperatures of 500-700oC, for a clean burn, ensuring the integrity of the carbon (platelet) product and removal of resins and volatiles.

Global Biochar Market is branched into different product types, applications, and major geographical zones. Further Biochar Market research report contains Company profiles of top manufacturers, their information, sales revenue, annual revenue, sales volume, and consumer volume is also specified. Major highlights of the Biochar Market report include market perceptions such as import/export details, market overview, end customers/users of the Biochar industry, market performance and cost of the product.

Regional classification of the Global Biochar Market research report:

Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America, North America, Middle East and Africa are the major regions of the globe involved in Biochar research report. Global Biochar Market in European regions covers Germany, France, Italy, UK, Russia and Spain that will show a colossal growth in the Biochar market over next five years. Global Biochar Market in Asia-Pacific regions covers Japan, China, India, China, India, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Due to the progressive technology used in North American countries including the United States, Canada and Mexico there will be a drastic increase in the Biochar market share and Biochar market revenue. Global Biochar Market in Latin American countries comprise of Argentina and Brazil whereas the Middle East and Africa include Saudi Arabia, South Africa.

Concluding part of the report provides numerous traders, contributors involved in the Biochar industry along with research discoveries, results, data source and postscript.

The Truth Journalism is designed to provide the best and most penetrating research news required to all commercial, industrial and profit-making ventures in any sector of online business. We take pride in our ability to satisfy the market research needs of both domestic and international businesses.

The report titled “Global Biochar Market 2017 Industry, Analysis, Research, Share, Growth, Sales, Trends, Supply, Forecast to 2025.” This is a comprehensive report incorporating a detailed and professional evaluation of the current state of the market. The study has been compiled by gathering information from reliable sources, by conducting a number of interviews with top industry experts, and by consulting various press releases, whitepapers, and databases.

Biochar is a fine-grained carbon-rich product obtained by a heating organic material such as wood, manure or leaves under conditions of no oxygen. Biochar can enhance soils, sequester carbon as well as provide useable energy. Biochar also has tendency to filter and retain nutrients from percolating soil water.

Global Biochar Market to grow at a CAGR of +14.03% during Forecast Period.

The report offers a fundamental overview of the Global Biochar Market. It includes definitions, product specifications, classification, and applications of the global market. The study also comprises an industry chain analysis and an industry overview of the major regions and their status in the global market.

In addition, Biochar Market attractiveness according to country, end-user, and other measures is also provided, permitting the reader to gauge the most talented or commercial areas for investments. The report also provides a detailed synopsis of the competitive scenario, wherein complete business profiles of some of the prime companies in the market are included. The intensity of rivalry in the market, threat of new players, entry obstacles for new competitive, and areas of development based on earlier data about popular approaches observed in the past few years are also inspected in detail.

The report states an outline of the Global Biochar Market in terms of solution and end use. The report also provides import and export and consumption data along with price, cost, gross margin, and revenue according to the major regions. The regions in focus in this report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Other minor regions are also studied in the report.

The next segment of the report provides a framework for the technical data and manufacturing data. Further adding to the analysis, the study also details the capacity, revenue, production, and growth of the major regional markets. The study provides an in-depth summary of the various types of modeling techniques, stating their cost of production and growth prospects.

The report further puts focus on the leading players in the Global Biochar Market. It sheds light on the company profiles, along with product specifications and pictures, cost, price, capacity, and contact information. The analysis of the upstream raw materials value chain, equipment, and downstream customers is provided in the report. The marketing channels, as well as the industry trends, have also been analyzed.

In the last sections of the report, the manufacturers responsible for increasing the sales in the Biochar Market have been presented. These manufacturers have been analyzed in terms of their manufacturing base, basic information, and competitors. In addition, the technology and product type introduced by each of these manufacturers also form a key part of this section of the report.

Biochar Production From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes and Microbial Interactions

11 December, 2017

Solid Waste Management

The burning of crop residues is a major source of pollution in many countries resulting not only in a loss of soil nutrients but also in increases in greenhouse gas emissions and production of particulates that can be toxic. Many state and national governments have banned in-field burning (e.g., in China) and these bans are enforced at a cost of millions of dollars each year. A new strategy has been proposed to convert these residues and wastes into energy and a valuable product (biochar) that can be used for a range of applications. Since 2010 over 2000 peer-reviewed papers have been published on this topic but very little commercialization of biochar products and technology has taken place. This chapter will explore recent innovations in the production and application of engineered or enhanced biochars (EB) and their effect on microbial populations and plant yield. It builds on the work studying and manipulating the micro- and nanostructure of EB to provide a range of properties that improve its effectiveness. It also provides case studies that have carried out financial analyses of the application of biochar.

Biochar Application

12 December, 2017

Essential Soil Microbial Ecology

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Soil SOS

12 December, 2017

Tillage blackens soil. There are immediate benefits, for tillage warms and dries soil to prepare for planting. Later perks? Not so much. Each tillage pass slashes through soil aggregates and breaks soil structure. Soil also gets thrown out of balance as it loses its structure and moves away from native prairie state.

Since the prairies were first plowed, soil carbon stocks have decreased by 40% to 50%, says Catherine Stewart, a USDA-ARS research soil scientist. Soil carbon is a component of soil organic matter, which consists of plant and soil animal materials in various stages of decomposition. The basis of soil fertility is organic matter. Under ideal conditions, soil microbes can release nutrients like nitrogen to crops. Lost soil organic matter decreases both nutrient cycling and habitat for soil microbes.

Carbon is also critical for soil function. It keys a soil’s water-holding capacity, plays a role in forming soil aggregates, and reduces erosion. Managing soil carbon can also enhance productivity and environmental quality.

“Soil carbon is really important,” explains Stewart. “If there’s one thing you can do for your soil, you should try to increase your soil carbon.”

Be patient. At best, efforts to boost soil carbon will take at least five years to show benefits. Benefits could even take 15 to 20 years, says Stewart. Still, carry on. Adopting no-till will increase your carbon stock, earthworms, and soil life. It’s a long-term investment, she says.

“We’ve known for a long time that no-till does great things for carbon levels,” says Stewart. “We’re losing tons of soil due to erosion through tillage. No-till helps to make soil more resilient.”

“Erosion is a huge problem in our region,” says Abbey Wick, North Dakota State University (NDSU) soil health specialist. In 2014, David Hopkins, an associate professor at NDSU and Brandon Montgomery, a graduate student, conducted a study throughout eastern North Dakota where topsoil depths were sampled and compared with samples collected from those exact locations before the 1960s.

The results were staggering. The scientists found there had been a loss of up to 15 inches of topsoil in the last 50 years. “We’ve lost between 1.2% to 2.5% soil organic matter during that time,” says Hopkins.

To compound the issue, topsoil is the part of the soil that has the most carbon, says Stewart.

“The subsoil material that has lower fertility and contains the salts that can cause issues with crop production in our region is much closer to the surface than it used to be,” says Wick. “This creates challenges. When topsoil is lost, your soil also loses the ability to respond to extreme weather events.”

To mitigate these losses, you can take the following three management steps.

“These beneficial practices are difficult to generalize,” says Stewart. “These practices are likely to work, but there are situations where, from an economic perspective, they may not work. It’s going to be important to think outside of the box.”

The more you can get your soil back to a native system, the better off your soil will be. “There are trade-offs,” explains Stewart. “In some cases, there are yield hits. Even with continuous no-till, it may still not be yielding quite the same. The devil’s in the details.”

There’s no shortcut to increase the health of your soil. The safest bet, though, is to do as much as you can with a single pass, cover the soil, and minimize disturbance, she says.

There are developing technologies that may potentially assist farmers as they strive to boost the health of their soils. Below is one of these.

An engineered biocarbon technology, used in Cool Terra and developed by Cool Planet, is one option for farmers looking to increase soil carbon. It has the ability to boost crop yields and provide environmental benefits by sequestering carbon and improving soil health, says Wes Bolsen, head of global business development and external affairs for Cool Planet.

“Biochar, which is a raw input material, has had mixed results,” explains Bolsen. “It’s a cooked-down biomass to a stable form of carbon, and it’s put back into the soil.”

Biochar, unlike engineered biocarbon technology, is not posttreated. “By engineering the biochar, we make it more useable and valuable for agriculture,” he says. “That’s why biochar hasn’t been widely adopted. We don’t even call our product biochar.”

Cool Planet cleans, or posttreats, the biochar by adjusting the pH, flipping it from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, and removing hydrocarbon residues and other toxins. It’s engineered to a specified consistency and size.

“Farmers demand consistency. They want it to look, handle, and act the same every time,” says Bolsen. “Then they want to know the technical side of it as well, such as, what it does, how it works, and the application rate. With this, we can confidently provide those answers.”

“We’ve put carbon back in the soil with engineered biocarbon technology to promote microbial life through soil organic carbon that stays in the soil,” says Bolsen. “It has the half-life of roughly 400 years, which means it’s truly sequestered carbon being put back in the soil. Its porosity and utility promote microbial life and hold on to moisture and nutrients that remain plant-available.”

This is a stable form of carbon, he says.

“Think of it as a home for the microbes to live,” says Bolsen. “It’ll provide water and nutrients to those microbes.”

This differs from just adding compost or additional soil organic matter that quickly decomposes to the soil. “We’re putting a long-lasting structure back into the soil and increasing crop productivity,” he says.

He sees a future where engineered biocarbon technology would not only increase carbon in soil but also be a carrier of microbes to the soil. That’s what they’re working on today.

For corn, soybeans, and wheat, Cool Terra can be applied with the seed. In the past, Cool Planet was focused in specialty crops. However, through distributors, it is available for production ag at the commodity crop level. For row crops, industry pricing is around $11 to $15 per acre for applications made at the time of seeding, varying by soil type and application rate.

“Engineered biocarbon technology can be another tool in the toolbox,” says Bolsen. “There are cover crops, crop rotation, and other ways to build soil organic matter and increase soil health. This is going to be another tool for rebuilding soil.”

The agriculture industry has been innovative, and solutions in other markets have become fruitful. Phytelligence, an ag tech start-up, developed a system of growing fruit, nut trees, and berries in a gel.

The average root-to-fruit process takes 10 to 12 years. Phytelligence has cut that time in half. It’s able to supply orchards with fruit-producing plants in a mere five years, while reducing risk of disease and increasing water efficiency.

The traditional growing process for fruit trees starts at a rootstalk nursery. The nursery prepares these trees. The rootstalks are harvested after four to five years and stored in cold storage before they ship to a finished tree nursery. At this nursery, the tree is grown for another one to two years and the buds from the desired variety are grafted to the tree. Then, the tree, after another one to two years, is removed one last time and placed in cold storage before being sent to the orchard.

The Phytelligence process, called MultiPHY, starts with the virus-free material in custom-formulated initiation gel. It’s then transferred to multiplication gel, then shoot-elongation gel, and then transferred to a custom-formulated rooting gel. Finally, the plants are placed in rooting sterile potting mix. Within five years, the trees are delivered to the orchard.

“We develop the gel for each variety,” explains Dhingra. “We can produce millions of trees in one to two years.”

Because the plants are grown in a controlled environment, they aren’t exposed to the soil pathogens that cause disease.

The use of this nutrient-rich, gel-based process reduces the need for pesticides and fungicides during the production of starter trees while being more energy efficient and water saving, he says.

“Our process reduces the risk for the farmer,” says Dhingra.

Will this technology directly impact row-crop production? He isn’t so sure, though there are hypothetical situations where it would work in theory, he says.

Should there ever be a disease that affects row-crop plants during germination, the seed could germinate in the gel before planting.

That, however, seems far-fetched at this point, Dhingra says. Yet, in a world with limited amounts of arable land and an expanding population, these technologies may play a larger role in the future, he says.

Biochar for crop production: potential benefits and risks

12 December, 2017

Co-gasification of pine and oak biochar with sub-bituminous coal in carbon dioxide

12 December, 2017

Pine and oak biochars derived as byproducts of demonstration-scale pyrolysis, and blends of these two feedstocks with Powder River Basin coal, were gasified in a carbon dioxide environment using a modified drop tube reactor (MDTR) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The impact of gasification temperature on conversion kinetics was evaluated from the temporal evolution of major product gases in the MDTR as measured using a mass spectrometer. Random pore modeling was conducted to simulate gasification in the MDTR with favorable results. The MDTR and TGA were used to conduct gasification for assessment of non-linear additive effects in the blends. Additive analysis of the blends showed deviation from the experimental blend results, indicating inhibiting effects of co-gasifying the biochar and coal. Inhibitory effects are more significant for oak than pine and more pronounced in the TGA at lower gasification temperatures. Results are discussed in the context of feedstock and reactor type.

SHACKLEY, SIMON (EDT)/ RUYSSCHAERT

Biochar research paper

12 December, 2017

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After the fire, charcoal goes against the grain, with the flow

12 December, 2017

Masiello is an expert on how carbon behaves in soil, and she noticed a vexing problem in both the scientific literature and findings from her lab: Charcoal is abundant in soil, particularly in fertile regions like Europe’s breadbasket and America’s Corn Belt, but while it’s clear that most soil charcoal came from wildfires, it wasn’t at all clear why it stayed there so long or how it got into the soil after a fire.

In a newly published study in the Journal of Geophysical Research, Masiello and colleagues, including current and former graduate students Lacey Pyle and Kate Magee, analyzed soil samples collected after the fire and found that charcoal behaved very differently from other forms of soil carbon as the land rebounded from the fire.

“We looked at all forms of carbon in the soil, both immediately after the fire and over a two-year period, and we found that it became more evenly distributed over time, which is a sign that the land was returning to its baseline state,” Masiello said.

“Charcoal behaves exactly the opposite. It’s distribution became more patchy over time, and we think that’s because it’s buoyant and gets moved by water and concentrated in low places on the landscape.”

Masiello said it was not a surprise that charcoal was buoyant. In fact, the research team had specifically chosen flat research sites because previous studies had shown that soil carbon tended to migrate downhill over time. The surprise was the extent to which charcoal from the fire had become concentrated, even in the absence of notable topographic relief.

“It was redistributed on the landscape pretty effectively,” said Pyle, the lead author of the study. “Rather than staying where it was initially deposited, it had a tendency to move horizontally across the landscape. The total contents of charcoal in our study sites didn’t change that drastically over the time period, but where we were finding it changed quite a bit.”

Charcoal’s benefits as a soil amendment are fourfold: It reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide and pollution, improves crop productivity, allows agriculture in areas with marginal soils and makes soil more resilient to both drought and flooding.

In 2008, Masiello and study co-author William Hockaday, then at Rice and presently at Baylor University, began seriously studying soil charcoal after winning a $10,000 prize in the city of Houston’s “Recycle Ike” contest in the wake of Hurricane Ike. The storm left 5.6 million cubic yards of fallen trees, broken branches and dead greenery in Houston, and Rice’s team took first place in the contest with their plan to convert the wood into biomass charcoal, or “biochar,” for use as a CO2-trapping soil amendment.

“More carbon in soil is good, and as we think about ways to stabilize and increase soil carbon inventory, charcoal is an obvious option,” Masiello said.

To get the most benefit from biochar, Masiello said, scientists and land managers need to better understand the fate and transport of soil charcoal, and studying naturally occurring soil charcoal is a great way to gain that understanding.

“We know that lots of carbon in soil is old,” she said, adding that the ages of soil charcoal measured with radiocarbon dating “suggest that it’s hard to decompose. But when we bring it into the lab, it turns out it’s not that hard to decompose.”

The findings from the wildfire study offer a new clue as to how naturally occurring charcoal can remain stable for long periods of time, Masiello said.

“It’s possible that the mobility of charcoal on the landscape and it’s tendency to become concentrated in low-lying spots could make it more likely the charcoal from wildfires becomes buried and incorporated deep in soils and that these deposits act as a kind of charcoal reservoir that releases charcoal into the soil over long time spans.”

The report offers a detailed overview of the global Biochar market covering key factors such as drivers and restraints impacting the growth. The global market for Biochar is segmented on the basis of manufacturers, product type, Biochar applications, and regions. In addition to this, the Biochar report also forecasts market based on dominating market trends, current market conditions, and Biochar growth aspects.

Initially, the report on the global Biochar market presents a complete scenario covering product/service description, future market trends, and Biochar market dynamics. Additionally, the report focuses on the lucrative opportunities available in the global Biochar industry along with probable risk associated with it. The Biochar report is prepared to provide a clear and precise overview of the Biochar industry statistics and market estimates.

The report on the global Biochar industry offers a crucial information to all market participants of Biochar, who want to grow exponentially in the near future. An extensive study of the global Biochar market will help the existing market players as well as new entrants to study Biochar market and understand market dynamics. This Biochar report discusses some of the leading players operating in the global Biochar industry and key strategies adopted by them. It also sheds light on the recent developments in the Biochar market competitive landscape.

Section 1: This section covers the global Biochar market overview, including the basic market introduction, market analysis by its type, applications, and regions. The major regions of the global Biochar industry include North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle-East and Africa. Biochar industry statistics and outlook (2012-2022) is presented in this section. Biochar market dynamics states the opportunities, key driving forces, market risk are studied.

Section 2: This section covers Biochar manufacturers profile based on their business overview, product type, and application. Also, the sales volume, Biochar product price, gross margin analysis, and Biochar market share of each player is profiled in this report.

Section 3 and Section 4: These sections present the Biochar competition based on sales, revenue, and market share of each manufacturer. It also covers the Biochar market scenario based on regional conditions. Region-wise Biochar sales and growth (2012-2017) is studied in this report.

Section 5 and Section 6: These two sections cover the North America and Europe Biochar industry by countries. Under this the Biochar revenue, market share of the countries like USA, Canada, and Mexico are provided.

Section 7, Section 8 and Section 9: These 3 sections covers Biochar sales revenue and growth in all the regions. Under these regions Biochar report covered, the growth and sales in these regions are illustrated in this Biochar industry report.

Section 10 and Section 11: These sections depict the Biochar market share, revenue, sales by product type and application. The Biochar sales growth seen during 2012-17 is covered in this report.

Section 12 and Section 13: These sections provide forecast information related to Biochar market (2017-2022) for each region. The sales channels includes direct and indirect Biochar marketing, traders, distributors, and development trends are presented in this report.

Section 14 and Section 15: In these sections Biochar market key research findings and conclusion, research methodology, and data sources are covered.

Thus, the global Biochar report presents a complete scenario of the market covering all the vital factors.

Sumana Oza has been into market research industry for last 5 years. She has a keen interest and deep knowledge of research industry. She worked as an Research Analyst in GlobeMertix. Her goals in life are simple — to stay happy, healthy and to keep writing as long as she possibly can.

Global Biochar Market Analysis 2011-2017 and Forecast 2018-2023

12 December, 2017

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Use of magnetic biochars for the immobilization of heavy metals in a multi-contaminated soil

13 December, 2017

Publication date: 1 May 2018Source:Science of The Total Environment, Volumes 622–623 Author(s): H.P. Lu, Z.A. Li, G. Gascó, A. Méndez, Y. Shen, J. Paz-Ferreiro Modified biochars, including magnetic biochars, have been tested in water for the removal of inorganic pollutants. However, at present it is unknown if they possess benefits over conventional biochar materials in relation to land remediation. A paddy soil was collected near Liantang village in Lechang Pb-Zn mine area in Guangdong Province (China). The soil was polluted with Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, with total contents of 1.4mg/kg, 80mg/kg, 1638mg/kg and 2463mg/kg, respectively. We prepared magnetic and conventional biochar from two feedstocks (poultry litter and Eucalyptus) at a temperature of 300 and 500°C. A sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of heavy metals and a phytotoxicity test using rice were performed. Acid-soluble Cd in soils amended with PLB was 8 to 10% lower than in the control polluted soil. This figure was 27 to 29% for acid-soluble Zn and 59 to 63% for acid-soluble Cu. In some cases, differences were found between the heavy metal fractionation in samples amended with magnetic and conventional biochars. Plant biomass was unaffected by most treatments, but increased by 32% in the treatments containing magnetic poultry litter biochar. Our study shows that a careful choice of feedstock is of utmost importance for successful containment of heavy metals in a multi-contaminated mining area soil. An appropriate choice of feedstock (in the case of this study poultry litter vs. eucalyptus) was more determinant with respect to the mobility of pollutants than altering pyrolysis temperature or modifying surface properties through magnetization. However, surface modification through magnetization can have a significant impact on plant yield and offer comparative advantages in the management of some degraded landscapes.

Listening to a webinar on Agriculture & Climate Change Adaptation hosted by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, I was at once enlightened and yet disheartened. Sadly biochar received nary a mention. To fill the void, allow me to present my perspective on how biochar can help not only with climate change adaptation but also with climate mitigation.

Mitigation comes in two basic flavors: reducing and rebalancing. The vast majority of interest and investment seems to focus on reducing; i.e. lowering current emissions of various greenhouse gases (GHGs). There are many, many ways to do this but using less energy and/or using cleaner energy (e.g. solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, etc.) are amongst the most common recommendations. Reducing is absolutely critical to mitigating the worst forecasts, but it is far from sufficient. Rebalancing is perhaps even more important. Rebalancing means shifting excess atmospheric CO2 back from whence it came: terra firma (I will leave the discussion on ocean sequestration and release to others).

Biochar can help on the reduction side in a variety of ways. Renewable energy in the form of heat, which can be converted into electricity, is created during the production of biochar. Sometimes a portion of this heat is used for drying feedstock prior to carbonization, but the vast majority of it is available to displace fossil fuel derived energy.

Further on the reduction side, we can look to fertilizer use, especially Nitrogen (N), which comes with a particularly heavy carbon footprint both on the energy-intensive production side, but even more so on the application front. Excessive N use is rampant around the world as farmers desperately try to maximize annual yield in soils long since exhausted of inherent nutrients. Microbes convert nitrogen into nitrous oxide (N2O) which is 300x more devastating to the climate than CO2. Biochar blended with either organic nutrients (e.g. manure, urine, compost) or with synthetic fertilizer can reduce the amount of fertilizer needed as it provides a bonding structure for the nutrients that slowly releases them and prevents unwanted leaching into groundwater or as GHG into the atmosphere.

Biochar can also reduce methane (CH4) emissions from at least two significant sources: bovines and rubbish. The world’s 1.5 billion cows as well as other livestock belch out an alarming amount of CH4, a GHG 25 to 80 times more potent than CO2. In the US, livestock is the 2nd highest source of CH4 emissions after Natural Gas. Research has shown that adding biochar to livestock feed can materially reduce enteric methane emissions as well as provide other health benefits to animals. It can also serve as a low cost delivery mechanism for getting biochar into soils (via manure). Similarly research has shown that biochar used at landfills, either as daily cover or as part of a capping material when landfills are retired, can also reduce CH4 emissions.

Biochar can also reduce significantly emissions by diverting organic materials from going to landfills, which represent the 3rd largest source of CH4 emissions in the US. Carbonization minimizes biomass volume by 75 – 90% depending on the production parameters. In the right circumstances, this can reduce transportation tremendously and it can also prevent CH4 from being generated at landfills in the first place.

On the rebalancing front, biochar can help mitigate climate change in two critical ways: by boosting photosynthesis and by interrupting or massively slowing down the normal carbon cycle. Using biochar to plant trees or crops has shown that plant survival and growth are improved which can boost overall photosynthetic activity. The CO2 absorbed by plants is stored until they die and then it normally decomposes back into CO2 and re-enters the carbon cycle. However, if the trees or plants are converted into long lived products (e.g. furniture) or carbonized into biochar, the natural carbon cycle is interrupted. When biomass is carbonized, up to 50% of the carbon absorbed during the tree or plants lifetime is converted into stable carbon and if the resulting biochar is put in the soil or embedded in other long-lived products (e.g. building materials), it will not return to the atmosphere for many centuries. This is an example of what is commonly referred to as carbon sequestration.

Adaptation focuses on strategies that can be employed to deal with the impacts currently being experienced as a result of climate change. A growing number of adaptation strategies are being employed from relocation of populations impacted by rising seas, to changes in planting schedules and/or crop types, to improved drainage or more successful integrated pest management. As with mitigation, biochar can help adapt to the impacts of climate change in a variety of ways, a sampling of which are provided here.

Climate change is wreaking havoc on global food security. Droughts, floods and storms are both more common and more fierce. Increased heat, disease and land degradation are amongst the other threats to food security, compliments of climate change. Biochar can help improve crop yields, plant resistance to pests and pathogens and retain water longer in areas prone to droughts, all of which will help to build more resilient food production systems. Biochar also helps reduce the amount of water needed for irrigation which, in an increasingly water constrained world, is critical. Some research is showing that it can help to recharge and filter ground water supplies which can lead to healthier crops and improved human health.

Storm water management is becoming enormously crucial especially in flood-prone areas. Biochar is being successfully used as a strategy to manage urban stormwater from Seattle to Stockholm, but can also be used by farmers in drainage ditches or potentially in lieu of expensive tiles, and by gardeners and home owners in rain gardens.

Fierce and frequent fires such as those swallowing up Southern California at the moment threaten lives and landscapes. Drought is turning trees to tinder and invasive species bring unwanted biomass which also increases the risk of wildfires. Biochar made from beetle-kill pines is underway in places like Colorado and teams of volunteers in Oregon have been thinning vast amounts of brush to reduce fuel loads (more info here).

Communities that have suffered devastating impacts of hurricanes or monsoons could, as I’ve noted before, greatly benefit from biochar in many ways. From dealing with debris to generating desperately needed power to remediating toxified soils and replanting ravaged perennials, biochar can help rebuild and regenerate.

Some biochar scenarios straddle both mitigation and adaptation. These include its use in regenerative agriculture which focuses on building soil fertility and increasing biodiversity; reforestation or afforestation; and urban agricultural practices such as green roofs and tree establishment.

This is far from an exhaustive accounting of biochar’s benefits when it comes to climate change mitigation and adaptation but it should provide the reader with an overview of biochar’s unmatched usefulness and versatility.

Best short intro to biochar in existence, well compiled, great chart!

Thanks so much Doug. Glad you liked it!

Excellent blog, well done. With explanations and comments like that the B word is hopefully becoming common knowledge and the sooner the better

the Biochar Journal – published by ithaka institute for carbon intelligence

The research review on “Global Biochar Market” 2017 targets the current as well as forthcoming features of the Biochar industry. This includes key trends, Biochar segmentation analysis, and recent industry statistics. The Biochar report further covers the extensive analysis of the upcoming progress of the Biochar market. The Biochar study presents different factors on which the vendors compete in the worldwide Biochar market. Biochar report analyzes the market size of the major Biochar players in every region around the world. It represents the Biochar market data in a transparent and precise view.

World Biochar market study starts from the fundamental information and accelerates more to different important Biochar facts. The first section commences with Biochar introduction and followed by definition and Biochar types. The next part covers Biochar Market competition landscape based on revenue and Biochar growth rate. Further, it explains Biochar market types, applications, and price analysis. In addition, it describes Biochar market share and supply chain analysis along with Biochar company profiles. It includes globalization & trade together with Biochar distributors and customers.

After that, it illustrates Biochar import, export, consumption and Biochar consumption value by major countries. The report additionally covers Biochar forecast through 2022, key success factors and Biochar market overview. Moreover, it includes Biochar table of contents and figures that gives clear perspective about Biochar report. The report offers an in-depth outline of the key Biochar segments at intervals the market.

The Biochar report offers a close summary of the key segments of the market. The quickest and slowest growing Biochar market segments are lined during this report. This study covers the expansion prospects of the worldwide Biochar market based on end-users. It outlines the Biochar market shares of key regions in prime countries like (North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, South America, Middle East and Africa). It also includes analysis of the leading Biochar vendors in this market.

The study incorporates in-depth analysis of the Biochar market ecosystem and its impact on the revenue growth. The Biochar report then gives a meticulous understanding of the key new Biochar market opportunities in individual geographic regions/countries. Also, it describes detailed Biochar analysis of the significant strategies adopted by the major Biochar players. Moreover, it illustrates a Biochar granular analysis of the key factors is propelling the growth of the global Biochar market. It predicts which region will witness the strongest Biochar growth along with current scenario. Thus crucial information mentioned in the Biochar report helps in predicting the future scope of the Biochar market.

and mixed-feedstock biochars generated from wheat straw and basalt

15 December, 2017

Mixed-feedstock-biochars can increase both available soil organic matter (SOM) and inorganic nutrients, yielding a more valuable biochar for agricultural purposes. Since the agronomic benefits of biochar are dependent on its structural and physio-chemical characteristics, this study compares these properties for single- and mixed-feedstock-biochars using a range of analytical techniques. Six biochars were produced from wheat straw (Ws), and a combination of wheat straw and basalt (WsBs) at three pyrolysis temperatures, 450, 550 and 650 °C. The results showed that WsBs biochars contained higher ash contents, with considerably lower fixed carbon, volatile matter and electrical conductivity than the Ws biochars. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses revealed increases in the concentration of Si on the surface of wheat straw particles during processing. A layer of Si on the surface of the C matrix appeared to prevent further reactions between C-rich phases and some mineral phases (mainly Fe and Ca-rich regions) at 650 °C. Other mineral compounds, such as those rich in K and Na, were adsorbed to both C and Si-rich phases. Basalt incorporation into the wheat straw particles also catalysed new functionalities. Surface C-N-based functionalities (amides) were only detected in wheat straw biochars, whereas ammonium-based groups were found in the WsBs biochars. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, which were affected by both feedstock composition and pyrolysis temperature, appeared to be higher in the Ws biochars, with the highest concentrations found at 450 °C. The WsBs biochars contained greater concentrations of biopolymers and humic-like substances than the Ws biochars. These organic fractions would increase the availability of micro-nutrients, reduce ions leaching and promote soil strength and resistance to erosion following the biochar application.

Information About Biochar Production Equipment

15 December, 2017

Main content starts below.

Charcoal has long been popular, and depending upon where you are worldwide, this might be one of the most lucrative businesses that you determine up. Using pyrolysis machines, it really is easy to produce tons of biochar each year. You simply need to find the best supplier for such machines that is reputable, as well as offers reasonable prices for all of them.

Biochar machines have grown to be more usual. You are able to produce this material when you have an ample source of organic material including sawdust, or you may also produce this using plastic or rubber. The biochar machine that you simply purchase will likely be specifically designed for these materials. For those who have a sizable enough amount of it, you could discover yourself building a substantial income. You merely have to find someone who is happy to purchase it. If you are in an area where biochar is in high demand, you will likely be unable to make enough to keep up with the orders. By searching online, you will find a number of different businesses that produce these machines annually. You might be able to get yourself a fantastic deal, especially on older models.

How Do Biochar Machines Work?

Biochar making machines or plants are extremely unique in their design. Initially, there exists a conveyor belt that will consider the material that has been chipped up, sending it in the pyrolysis reactor. Within the reactor, this material will be superheated until it begins to break up. It will not burn because every one of the oxygen has become removed. The process will likely create a few other byproducts. You will find yourself with bio oil and biofuel. These materials have been in a vapor form which can condense right into a liquid form which may also be sold to individuals which use the products.

How To Get Excellent Deals On Biochar Machines

You can search on the net for many different businesses that sell them. You will likely see several within the Orient which often get the lowest prices and machines. They are industry leaders, responsible for most pyrolysis plants and machines that happen to be sold worldwide. They could be small enough for businesses that use a limited source of materials to process. You may also invest in large pyrolysis plants that can produce plenty of this material on a daily basis. The biggest companies generally have the most effective prices and that is where you will be in order to save the most money.You can click here: mswrecyclingplant.com to know more.

This information about biochar production equipment should supply you with a few tips on where to start seeking these machines. Whether you want a small pyrolysis machine, or an continuous pyrolysis plant, you will realize several available. If you absolutely have a good amount of plastic, rubber, or organic material from harvesting, you should put money into one of these brilliant as soon as you can. This will be a really lucrative part of your organization, although you may have never used one before.

UI researcher honored for clean water innovations

15 December, 2017

Capital Press

Published on December 15, 2017 9:27AM

Last changed on December 15, 2017 9:33AM

University of Idaho researcher Greg Moller has been elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors for his innovative work to clean wastewater.

An environmental chemist and toxicologist, Moller works to lessen the environmental footprint of communities and businesses by developing filters to remove pollutants, including phosphorus and nitrogen, from wastewater.

He holds six patents, which are licensed to industry, and has three patents pending final approval. His filter systems now treat billions of gallons of wastewater a year across the U.S. and in Great Britain and South Korea.

Moller said he is humbled to be included with such a distinguished group of individuals.

Along with the honorary distinction, the fellowship recognizes research that solves problems, gets innovation into the marketplace and generates economic activity, he said.

Moller is preparing to take his newest technology — the University of Idaho Clean Water Machine — to Canada to test its effectiveness in treating agricultural runoff water from the Holland Marsh near Toronto.

The technology is being developed by Moller and University of Idaho soil scientist Dan Strawn and mechanical engineer Martin Baker. The team is among 10 semifinalists in the Everglades Foundation’s $10 million George Barley Water Prize competition, an incentive for developing cost-effective technology to remove phosphorus from fresh water.

“The new norm in many of the impact sites is large algae blooms that have toxic impacts on aquatic systems,” Moller said.

The pilot test in Canada is the university team’s third stage of a four-stage challenge in the Barley Prize competition.

The Holland Marsh is the salad bowl of Canada with high agricultural production. It is triangulated by Lake Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario. The Great Lakes account for 21 percent of the fresh water on earth, he said.

The three-month field trial will begin in mid-February to address the huge runoff that occurs with the spring melt to try to remove and recover nutrients and aid the agricultural community, he said.

“The regional problem is an overabundance of phosphorus leaving the fields into drainage canals and feeding into the Great Lakes,” he said.

The technology

The Clean Water Machine is a mobile research unit on the back of a 40-foot trailer. It can process 21,000 gallons of water a day. Commercial partner installations of earlier versions of the technology process more than 15 million gallons a day, Moller said.

The university team is working to establish a water-filter platform modeled on nature for how soil cleans water, he said.

It addresses highly contaminated water from urban, suburban and agricultural systems to keep those systems from releasing pollutants into surface water for a smaller environmental impact.

Inputs for the process are simple — water, air, sand, rust, electricity and charcoal. The filter is able to strip out many contaminants of concern, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals, which current wastewater processes do not address very well, he said.

The charcoal used is called biochar, which is carbonized matter recovered from biofuel production, Strawn said.

Research has shown adding biochar to soil is beneficial. The process recovers phosphorus and nitrogen. The biochar can then be used in agricultural systems, he said.

It often increases plant production and decreases the amount of water needed by plants because it increases the soil’s water-holding capacity, he said.

The whole system is an interesting convergence of several ideas of sustainability. It’s a multi-tool approach, which is where progress in sustainability will be made, he said.

Water treatment and nutrient recycling reduce costs, and practices that are economically sustainable are more likely to be implemented and make it into agricultural systems and water-treatment processes, he said.

With this filtration system, agriculture would be able to participate in pollution credit programs, he said.

Next year, the team also plans to test the technology’s ability to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from waters in Idaho’s Treasure Valley and the Boise Basin.

A couple of years ago, the team started testing the filter system on dairy lagoon water at the university’s research dairy in Moscow. That research, aimed at recovering nutrients in the wastewater and recovering water for reuse, is ongoing.

The results thus far show the technology has the potential to do that, Moller said.

Moller has received numerous research and teaching awards, including the Water Environment Federation’s Harrison Prescott Eddy Medal for vital contributions to water research and a national excellence in teaching award from the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities and USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

His team’s technologies were also cited in the list of “25 Innovations that Change the World” by the Association of University Technology Managers.

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Biochar Solutions

15 December, 2017

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Effect of Biochar on Bio-electrochemical Dye degradation and Energy Production

16 December, 2017

The effect of coconut shell biochar on dye degradation in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated in the present study. Two different doses of biochar (0.5 g and 1 g) and one control without bio-char were studied. The highest COD removal efficiency was about 77.7% (0.5 g biochar), maximum current (1.07 mA) and voltage (722 mV) were obtained with 1 g biochar. Biofilm optical microscopy characterization revealed the micro colonies intricate plate-like structures. High adsorbent dosage might provide a high surface area for biofilm to generate electricity. BET results of coconut shell biochar showed the maximum surface area of 0.9669 m2/g and macroporosity (0.0032 cm3/g). The overall results highlighted the possibility of using biochar as an additive in MFC for efficient dye degradation.

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A study on mass optimization in pyrolysis unit for biochar production.

17 December, 2017

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Evaluation and Prediction of Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solution by Phosphate-Modified …

18 December, 2017

What Is Biochar and How Can It Improve Your Cannabis Garden?

18 December, 2017

Biochar has been used for centuries, and it’s making a comeback in the past few decades among farmers. Created in a process known as pyrolysis, biochar is a carbon-rich charcoal soil amendment that may help to address some modern environmental …

Biochar is an emerging industry and the product is at its nascent stage. The product is expected to be a key factor for increasing agricultural productivity and crop yield in the near future. Its ability to enhance soil fertility and plant growth is expected to be a key factor on account of growing global population and rising demand for organic food.

Agriculture was the largest product category in 2015 and is expected to grow substantially over the forecast period. Farming was the major application segment in agriculture with a share of over 45% in 2015.

Application in agriculture segment is expected to observe the fastest growth over the next nine years with an estimated CAGR of around 13.4% from 2016 to 2025. Biochar is primarily used in agriculture to enhance soil fertility, improve plant growth, and provide crop nutrition. As a result, it, improves the overall productivity. It has also gained considerable popularity in livestock farming as an animal feed. The livestock sector is extremely crucial for biochar, especially in regions such as the North America and Europe where meat is important for human consumption.

Grand View Research, Inc. is a U.S. based market research and consulting company, registered in the State of California and headquartered in San Francisco. The company provides syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. To help clients make informed business decisions, we offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across a range of industries, from technology to chemicals, materials and healthcare.

Information About Biochar Production Equipment

20 December, 2017

Charcoal happens to be popular, and based upon your location worldwide, this might be one of the more lucrative companies that you place up. Using pyrolysis machines, it is actually easy to produce plenty of biochar every year. You simply need to find a good supplier for such machines that is reputable, and also offers reasonable prices for these. Learn more here.

Where Should You Really Start Looking For Biochar Machines?

Biochar machines have become more prevalent. You are able to produce this material if you have an ample availability of organic material for example sawdust, or you might also produce this using plastic or rubber. The biochar machine that you simply purchase will be created specifically of these materials. For those who have a sizable enough number of it, you could see yourself building a substantial income. You merely have to find somebody that is willing to buy it. When you are in an area where biochar is on the go, you will likely not be able to make enough to keep up with the orders. By searching on the net, you can find a number of different companies that produce these machines annually. You could possibly have a fantastic deal, especially on older models.

Just How Do Biochar Machines Work?

Biochar machines or plants are incredibly unique inside their design. Initially, there is a conveyor belt which will use the material which has been chipped up, sending it in to the pyrolysis reactor. Throughout the reactor, this material is going to be superheated until it begins to break down. It will not burn because all the oxygen continues to be removed. The method will also create a few other byproducts. You can expect to find yourself with bio oil and biofuel. These materials have been in a vapor form which can condense in to a liquid form which can even be sold to individuals that utilize these products.

Getting Great Deals On Biochar Machines

You can look on the net for different companies that sell them. You will likely see several from the Orient which regularly get the lowest prices and machines. They are industry leaders, accountable for nearly all pyrolysis plants and machines which are sold worldwide. They can be sufficiently small for companies that have a limited source of materials to process. You can also purchase large pyrolysis plants that may produce tons of this material on a regular basis. The largest companies usually have the very best prices and that is in which you will be to conserve the most money.

These details about biochar production equipment should offer you a few ideas on how to start trying to find these appliances. Whether you want a small pyrolysis machine, or even an entire pyrolysis plant, you will observe several available. If you absolutely have lots of plastic, rubber, or organic material from harvesting, you should purchase one of these as soon as you can. This can be a really lucrative part of your company, even when you have never used one of those before.

If you’re running some type of waste plant, you must make sure you will be stocking that plant with all the best available machinery. You need to take the time to get the best automated waste segregation system available, and you need to also be sure that the rest of the machinery you get is reliable.

When you’re purchasing industrial machinery, famous brands can easily make a arena of difference. You must pay attention to the producer that produced the equipment. See what kind of reputation this manufacturer has.

Some manufacturers have negative reputations. They might not test their goods properly, or they may scrimp. Other manufacturers, however, have stellar reputations. You should make an effort to get a machine which had been created by a company having a track record of excellence. If you pick from them, you can rely that your particular machine can do everything that you desire it to do.

Get A Machine That’s An Excellent Fit For Your Requirements

There are all types of waste segregation machines available. Ultimately, the most effective machine to acquire is going to be the appliance which is a good fit for an individual such as you. Take into consideration how you are likely to be employing your machine. Try to look for a piece of equipment that suits all of your preferences.

If you’re will be with your machine with different styles of waste, you’ll want to locate a machine that is flexible. If you’re utilizing it with specific types of waste, a specialized machine could be best. Whatever you mind up buying, make sure that you get a machine that could handle all the tasks you throw its way.

Find A Machine Which Is An Easy Task To Maintain

Maintaining some industrial machinery will take a lot of time, also it can also cost lots of money. You won’t are interested to buy a high-maintenance machine if you can help it. You should attempt to purchase a machine that will be very easy to stay in excellent condition.

Learn what form of care a piece of equipment requires prior to decide on purchasing it. If a machine requires an unusual level of maintenance, you may want to pass on that machine and look for something else.

Keep An Eye Out For Warranties

When you’re setting up a significant purchase this way, a guarantee could only be a very good thing. Try to look for items that are under warranty. See what types of everything is contained in the warranty.

Ultimately, a guarantee is a type of protection. It’s nice to learn that you are currently protected, especially if you are making big, important purchases.

You shouldn’t make compromises if you are making important purchases like this. Instead, you should center on locating the best automatic waste segregation machine available to you. Should you buy the right machine, you will be able to use it effectively.

Will you use charcoal on a regular basis? If charcoal is something you buy frequently, you might want to begin to make your own personal charcoal. Producing charcoal in your own home is a lot easier than you might think. Here are one of the advantages of having a palm shell charcoal machine.

They’re Easy To Use

Many people avoid charcoal production equipment simply because they assume they are difficult to use. They think that they won’t be capable of use one of those machines by themselves.

However, palm shell machines are actually created to be easy to use. By trying using one of these brilliant machines, you’ll see how easy it is actually. A palm shell machine isn’t challenging to use whatsoever using something similar to this ought to be incredibly simple for yourself. You’ll be able to get started right away.

They Will Save You Money

These appliances are often very affordable several of the models in the marketplace today are economical. When you have a device such as this, it will help you to spend less consistently.

Take into consideration how often you acquire charcoal. Just how much does each bag cost? If you do the math, you’ll observe that you’re spending a lot of cash on charcoal. Instead of paying for your charcoal time and time again, you should begin making charcoal of your personal.

When you are someone that spends a lot of money on charcoal, a piece of equipment like this could be a great investment. The right charcoal machine could save you a lot of cash.

You May Turn Waste Into Charcoal

A lot of the things which you can use to make charcoal are actually waste. For instance, sawdust is often used to make charcoal. Using a charcoal making machine allows you to put this sort of waste to good use.

Rather than throwing such as sawdust away, you must seek out approaches to use it. Whenever you can turn all that sawdust into charcoal, you’ll be able to have another life.

They Produce High Quality Charcoal

Should you use your charcoal for grilling, you almost certainly want charcoal that meets high quality standards. That is something that you can get from the machine. When you make the charcoal yourself, you have more control over its quality.

Lots of charcoal that may be currently available is mass produced. People aren’t checking the charcoal for quality after they put it on store shelves. Once you make the own charcoal, you’ll have full control, and you will make certain it meets your standards.

As we discussed, there are numerous great top reasons to invest in a palm shell charcoal making machine. As you now determine what a unit like this can provide, you can discover if this sort of purchase meets your needs. If you plan to invest in a machine, you’ll be able to get lots of use out of it.

The procedure is easy it’s same to how alcohol is prepared. In case you heat the plastic spend in non oxygen atmosphere, it will melt, not burn. As soon as the plastics continues to be melted, it will start to boil and evaporate, you want to position the vapors by a cooling pipe even though cooled, these vapors will compress into a liquid and couple of the vapors with hydrocarbon lengths will stay as a gas. The cooling pipe exist might be going by a rubber having water to consider last liquid makes fuel leave gas only which can be then burned. Inside the cooling tube, if the cooling is enough, you’ll not any fuel in the bubbler, the lake is going to take the residual fuel that will float about the water surface and is poured off. Learn more here.

Heat the plastic:

For the cooling tube bottom you will find there’s steel reservoir which gathers the liquid and yes it has a release value hence how the liquid fuel could be dispensed out. This equipment perform on electricity directly into three phases, it includes 6 nichrome coils like heating elements and has a filled with 6KW. The coils are switched off and on through three strong state relays, one for each and every stage, the relays are restricted by way of a digital thermostat having a temperature sensor simply slight beneath the lid, therefore that the vapor temperature could be checked well. You wish to heat the plastic gradually as much as 350 degrees and wait until it performs orlando. These devices also includes a capacity of fifty litres and may take about thirty kilogram of shredded plastic.

Multifuel:

The method need approximately 4 hours, but the time length might be limited through tweaking the structure slightly. This creates a liquid fuel which is often availed as multifuel, that refers it can be applied to diesel engines and on gasoline engines, but nonetheless desire to check whether or not it work with gasoline. The device utilizes diesel engines simply good, which was tested already. There exists a variation in which kind of plastic you avail, if you avail polyethylene, plastic foil, plastic cans and all sorts of non break plastics, you will receive liquid fuel which will solidify when it cools, will still be acceptable for diesel engines if you avail a heated gas tank, due to reason it really wants to be heated simply approximately thirty degrees Celsius to be transparent and liquid.

Liquid fuel:

Unless you need that, you may also put the paraffin by the device again and you may chop the hydrocarbons smaller and many of the paraffin will change in to liquid fuel and a lot of them will remain like a paraffin, but denser and will melt at greater temperatures, this is the material you can prepare candles. However if you avail polypropylene, like printer cases, computer monitor cases, you will get out liquid fuel only and you will not find paraffin. Just filter the fuel and place it from the gas tank. Analysis has been given already and it is the perfect diesel fraction. It possesses no alkaline or acids inside it. You can get more information about the waste plastic to diesel plant here.

​Ottawa kicks in $3.5 million to support Calgary area organizations promoting clean tech

20 December, 2017

Research institutions and firms developing potentially ground-breaking clean technologies and processes in the Calgary area have received $3.5 million from the federally run Western Economic Diversification Canada.

Five of the projects are focused on developing emissions reduction technologies and three are forums that promote Canadian clean technology companies at high-profile events.

Through the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, Canada will focus on creating and maintaining globally competitive Canadian businesses as it transitions to a low-carbon economy, Western Economic Diversification said in a statement. The global campaign against climate change is an economic opportunity to create jobs and meet the country’s climate change goals, it said.

The University of Calgary was the recipient of funding for two new projects. The first collected $400,000 to establish the Centre for Smart Emissions Sensing Technologies, which will result in the development of smart technologies to detect and quantify methane emissions in the oil and gas sector.

Identify opportunities and empower your strategic decision making with the Daily Oil Bulletin.

The second project was granted $314,500 to create an outdoor validation facility for demonstrating solar bio-technology that will produce renewable gas, renewable plastic, biochar and electricity.

Tecterra Inc., received $915,000 to invest in new equipment to expand GeoSpace, which will help companies to develop, test and commercialize clean, geospatial technology. GeoSpace is an equipment library open to tech companies for the development, testing and commercialization of geospatially powered clean-tech.

“We are grateful for this continued support, as access to cutting-edge equipment has proven to be extremely valuable for the small and innovative companies who otherwise couldn’t access the tools they need,” said Jonathan Neufeld, Tecterra chief executive officer. “As a result of this support, companies across the West will be able to accelerate the development and commercial success of their clean-tech.”

Biochar Market provides detailed analysis of Market Overview, Market Drivers, Opportunities, Potential Application. Also Biochar Industry research report includes the future impact of major drivers and challenges and, support decision makers in making cost-effective business decisions.

“Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment. Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.”

This report focuses on the Biochar in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.

Global Granular Biochar Market Research 2017 presents the in-depth assessment of Granular Biochar Industry including a competitive analysis of top market players, Granular Biochar Business growth, consumption volume, Granular Biochar market drivers and restraints, future roadmap for the new beginner in planning their Granular Biochar business strategies. Furthermore, Granular Biochar Report includes analysis of market ups and downs of past five years and forecasts Granular Biochar sales investment information from 2017 to 2022.

The Granular Biochar Report maps the useful details which are based on Production region, Granular Biochar top manufacturers, product type and applications will Provide the Simplified view of Granular Biochar Industry. The significant presence of numerous regional and local vendors Granular Biochar market is hugely competitive. The Granular Biochar Report helps to acknowledge annual revenue of top leading players, Granular Biochar business methods, company profile and their beneficence to the Global Granular Biochar Market share. The Granular Biochar Research is attached to essential information such as graphs and tables to figure out new trends in the market.

Geographically, Granular Biochar Report is based on several topographical regions according to Granular Biochar import and export ratio of the region, production and consumption volume, Granular Biochar market share and growth rate of Granular Biochar Industry. Major regions impact on Granular Biochar business such as North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa.

The Key Players in Granular Biochar industry are expected to top on to these market opportunities to penetrate the global Granular Biochar market. Granular Biochar market size and revenue of top leading players is appraised using Bottom-up approach. In addition, Granular Biochar report Provides details about raw material analysis, Granular Biochar downstream buyers, development trends, Technical advancement in Granular Biochar business, demand and supply ratio will help emerging Granular Biochar players taking useful business decisions.

Lori Lobato is a content writer and SEO analyst at prudour since last five years. She has key interest and deep knowledge in market research. Before she started content writing she experimented with various occupations: computer programming, dog-training, scientificating… But her favorite job is the one she’s now doing full time writing romance. happy

project profile of chemical small scale plants

21 December, 2017

Equipment for chemical, petrochemical and gas processing industries. Swiss engineering company ENCE (ЭНЦЕ ГмбХ) together with its close-knit team …

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Cloudy. High 42F. Winds E at 5 to 10 mph..

Cloudy early then partly cloudy and windy overnight. Low 29F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph, becoming WNW and increasing to 20 to 30 mph.

The city of Roanoke and several organizations are working to save a large sycamore tree (right) located beside the Elmwood Park amphitheater stage.

Larry Carter uses an air spade to aerate the soil at Elmwood Park, which helps amendments get deeper into the ground.

An air spade aerates the soil, which helps amendments get deeper into the ground.

Kenny Harmon and Geoff Manning

aerate the soil at Elmwood Park to help amendments get deeper into the ground.

The city of Roanoke and several organizations are working to save a large sycamore tree (right) located beside the Elmwood Park amphitheater stage.

Larry Carter uses an air spade to aerate the soil at Elmwood Park, which helps amendments get deeper into the ground.

An air spade aerates the soil, which helps amendments get deeper into the ground.

Kenny Harmon and Geoff Manning

aerate the soil at Elmwood Park to help amendments get deeper into the ground.

Many positive things can happen in the name of urban development. New structures can increase arts and culture opportunities for a city’s residents; draw in tourists to contribute to the local economy; and offer a place for people to gather. These are just a few of the ways the renovated amphitheater in Elmwood Park has benefited the city of Roanoke for the past several years.

But, sometimes, things suffer in the name of progress. A prime example is the large sycamore tree situated just beside the stage at the amphitheater. This beautiful old tree was severely damaged during the installation of the stage, and while other trees there have been removed, this one has stood its ground.

A few years after the amphitheater’s 2013 grand opening — at which point many concerts and festivals had taken place there — Roanoke city tree inspector Jamie King said he noticed that the tree was suffering.

“There was progressive and significant dieback over the years,” King said. “The tree is losing branches and crown space at an alarming rate.”

As a tree advocate of sorts, King set out to save the sycamore, which he says has been in Elmwood Park for generations. He said he never attempts to put an exact age on a tree without proper testing, and in this case, such testing would damage the tree even further.

King estimates that the tree lost about 70 percent of its roots during the stage construction, which would be enough to kill a much younger tree.

Sycamores prefer to grow near water sources so they are typically found thriving near creeks and rivers. This particular tree was situated close to an underground spring, which was diverted during the construction to a localized treatment area to be used for the park’s water features. As a result, the tree lost its constant water source.

After some recent testing, King reached out to several partners to form a lifesaving plan for the sycamore. The Roanoke Tree Stewards, Downtown Roanoke Inc., Adam Braaten of Bartlett Tree Experts, Geoff Manning of Manning Arboriculture and Roanoke Parks and Recreation all banded together to carry out the plan.

The Tree Stewards helped collect soil samples and get them tested. Some of the other partners helped with funding the project. The city’s horticulturists agreed to remove the grass under the tree so more nutrients and water would go directly to the sycamore.

In addition to feeding the remaining roots, the group’s plan focuses on providing more moisture for the tree so it can survive without the underground spring. To that end, King, along with his fellow arborists and tree stewards, researched an organic amendment called bio-char that seems promising.

According to the International Bio-char Initiative, the bio-char is created through a “2,000-year-old practice [that] converts agricultural waste into a soil enhancer that can hold carbon, boost food security, and increase soil biodiversity, and discourage deforestation. The process creates a fine-grained, highly porous charcoal that helps soils retain nutrients and water.”

The team worked together to integrate the bio-char, along with compost, in a very specific, sunburst pattern designed to reach the tree’s damaged roots and nurse them back to health.

This treatment isn’t guaranteed to work, but even if the tree is lost, King has a pretty positive outlook.

“We have tried to preserve this tree because of its value, but in the long run, even if we lost it, we’ve still made a permanent change to the soil,” King said. If the sycamore dies, it could be replaced with a tree that would benefit from the improved soil.

The Tree Stewards have been working hard to care for all the trees in Elmwood Park. They have been taking cuttings of all the old trees so they will have replacements if any of them need to be taken down. These cuttings are rooted and used to grow a new tree, cloned from the original.

Our city trees are a valuable resource. Not only do they bring beauty to our landscapes, but they also clean carbon out of the air and release oxygen for us to breathe.

This group of unsung heroes has been working hard to keep our trees healthy and happy so we can enjoy the benefits for generations to come.

If you would like to become a Tree Steward and work on important projects like this, new classes will begin soon. The classes are free to attend and begin in January. Contact the Roanoke Parks and Recreation Urban Forestry Planner at 540-853-5225 or email info@roanoketreestewards.org to add your name to the list.

The yellow-green tinged leaves of the spring countryside have turned into the blue-green foliage of summer. Also, the bright, blue skies of cooler days often are now hazy with heat, humidity, dust and pollution.

For birdwatchers, hunters, anglers. hikers and campers, this is often the best time of the year. The question isn’t “What is there to do?” but “What to leave out?” as people cram in as much as possible during these shortening days while also watching their favorite sports teams.

Nature is in full swing around us despite the short days and long nights of winter.

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Projects

23 December, 2017

We are happy to be a part of BIOCHAR 2021 project, taking the challenge of compost improving and creating new soil amendments that bring together the advantages of biochar and.. read more

Our Biogreen® torrefaction plant has been featured in upcoming release of Bioenergy Insight, magazine for delivering news, analysis, market and technical articles related to biomass, biogas and power industries. For.. read more

We are happy to announce our new partnership with European leader in gas transportation systems, GRTgaz. The objective of alliance is construction of a pilot plant dedicated to produce the.. read more

We are proud to be chosen by Race for Water Foundation as the technical partner to deliver solution to valorize plastics into electricity. In this application, our Biogreen® process will.. read more

We are happy to be a part of innovative project « Mobile Flip » and involved in developing the process for torrefaction and syngas on-site usage. Project introduction MOBILE FLIP aims at.. read more

We are happy to share what makes us proud. Discover latest Biogreen® projects, news and exhibitions we participate in.

SIGMA — Imagine being in the paradise state, inside a condo on a beautiful day. I was there, in Hawaii, back when I was blond-haired. Now I still have three or four blond hairs left.

My dermatologist told me that, as a blue eyed, blond, fair-skinned person, I had a quota of sunshine hours in my life, and I had used most of them already. Taking his advice, I would come in during the middle of the day for several hours.

One fateful day, I returned inside, turned on the TV and caught a BBC documentary, Unnatural Histories: Amazon, which discusses terra preta, a soil-building method used in the Amazon. Being a soil geek, I instantly knew this would be good. By the end of the show, I was standing, mouth open, pointing at the tube. I was hooked on the topic. I had no idea then how important it really was.

The great secret hiding in plain sight is called biochar, a term that refers to converted biomass used to improve soil. Wider knowledge of biochar was just beginning take off then. Many others have also become hooked.

Bio refers to life, char to burned wood. Rediscovered by aerial photography, archaeology and soil science, its value became apparent. Terra preta, or dark earth, has been made for at least 8,000 years by indigenous people, according to a new book called Sacred Soil: Biochar and the Regeneration of the Earth.

Authors Robert Tindall, Frederique Apffel-Marglin and David Shearer use research to show how these soils are more fertile for longer periods than anything we do today. The use of biochar has also been found in other continents – also made by people long gone.

Fast forward to the present. Virginia Tech has done research on biochar in a controlled greenhouse setting. Dr. Ron Morse found as much as 40 percent increase in size and health in tomato plants. And Dr. Doris Hammil, a researcher from NASA Langley, was tasked with finding the most useful carbon sequestering process available today. Her answer, biochar, had no equal. I had the pleasure of seeing a presentation about her results at an event on the farm. The soil implications are vast.

The char part is made by a process called pyrolisis, or burning wood without oxygen. It ‘carbonises,’ becoming pure carbon, which can last for thousands of years.

It also becomes microscopically porous, which is important because it becomes the permanent home to those all-important microbes which make soil healthy and productive.

Microbes do the heavy lifting in soil development and nutrient cycling. This process may sound technical, but it is scalable to any farming or gardening situation. I make it at home using two barrels. After it is carbonized, I add it to an almost-finished compost pile where it absorbs the microbes.

It could and should be a part of a citywide management plan for dead and downed limbs and construction debris. Like composting, this would keep refuse out of the landfill while creating something of great value.

Other benefits can be added to a scaled up version as well. Electricity can be made, water heated or even buildings heated, to name a few.

The Amazon peoples were decimated by the European diseases left behind after the first voyage from Spanish explorers. So we can’t know every detail, but research being done suggests that they had a strong ethic of giving back to Mother Earth.

Those of you who are in a healthy relationship know this from your union: it is a 100 percent effort from both, not 50-50. Their own efforts or making new soil continuously rewarded them with a very prosperous civilization which lasted a long time. Terra preta soils remain healthy to this day.

I use a little biochar on every garden I build and every farm I work on, and I keep some on hand for sale as well.

With results pulled from ancient sites, NASA research facilities, Virginia Tech researchers and many other sources added all the time, I think its time to employ this remarkable soil restoration technique.

Wilson, a farmer and consultant who lives in Sigma, writes about sustainable agriculture for The Independent News. Reach him via farmerjohnnewearth@yahoo.com.

Biochar kiln 55 gallon drum

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Fine Biochar Powder Market studied in New Research Application and Geography in New Research

26 December, 2017

New Research Report presents latest intelligence on the Fine Biochar Powder market is available in the Global Market Research report. This report is a culmination of the key events from last decade to present day, and helps to formulate the best strategy catered to both established market players and new entrants.

The report gives a thorough overview of the present growth dynamics of Global Fine Biochar Powder Market with the help of vast market data covering all important aspects and market segments. The report gives a birds’ eye view of the past and present trends as well the factors expected to drive or impede the market growth prospects of the market in the near future.

The market research report helps analyze the Fine Biochar Powder market on a Global basis and also offers forecast and statistics in terms of revenue for the anticipated forecast period. This research study offers a detailed overview of the market dynamics that are expected to affect the overall industry in the coming few years. In addition, the study explains the impact of the key factors on the development and growth of the Global market through the forecast period. Promising opportunities in the Global Fine Biochar Powder market have also been mentioned in the study.

Analysis of Fine Biochar Powder market and its upcoming growth prospects is been mentioned with maximum precision. This study includes an elaborative summary of market which also includes snapshots that offer depth of information of various other segmentations. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of key factors which are responsible for boosting or hampering the market growth and the promising opportunities in market have been provide.

This report gives a detailed and comprehensive understanding of Fine Biochar Powder market. With precise data covering all key aspects of the existing market, this report offers existing data of leading manufacturers. Understanding of the market condition by compliance of accurate historical data regarding each and every segment for the forecast period is mentioned. Leading factors affecting the growth of the market in a positive and negative perspective is examined and evaluated and projected in the report in detail. Insightful views and case studies from various industry experts help make the report more authentic.

Details About Biochar Productio… | wasteenergy

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Charcoal has always been sought after, and based upon your local area on the planet, this can be among the more lucrative companies that you place up. Using pyrolysis machines, it is possible to produce a great deal of biochar each year. You simply need to find a good supplier for such machines which is reputable, and in addition offers good prices for all of them.

Where In The Event You Start Looking For Biochar Machines?

Biochar machines are becoming more widespread. It is possible to produce this product in case you have an adequate source of organic material like sawdust, or you could also produce this using plastic or rubber. The biochar machine which you purchase will probably be specifically designed of these materials. In case you have a sizable enough quantity of it, you could see yourself building a substantial income. You only must find someone who is willing to buy it. If you are inside an area where biochar is very popular, you will likely struggle to make enough to take care of the orders. By searching on the internet, you can get many different companies that produce these machines annually. You may be able to obtain a fantastic deal, especially on older models. You can click here: mswrecyclingplant.com to know more.

Just How Do Biochar Machines Work?

Biochar machines or plants are very unique inside their design. Initially, you will discover a conveyor belt which will take the material which has been chipped up, sending it in the pyrolysis reactor. Within the reactor, this product will be superheated until it starts to break up. It will not burn because every one of the oxygen has been removed. The procedure will likely create a few other byproducts. You will end up having bio oil and biofuel. These materials will be in a vapor form which can condense into a liquid form which can be sold to people which use these items.

How To Get Cheap Deals On Biochar Machines

You can look on the web for many different firms that sell them. You will likely see several inside the Orient which in turn have the best prices and machines. They can be industry leaders, accountable for the vast majority of pyrolysis plants and machines that happen to be sold worldwide. They are often small enough for firms that possess a limited availability of materials to process. Also you can put money into large pyrolysis plants that can produce a great deal of this product on a daily basis. The biggest companies generally have the very best prices and that is that you will look to save as much as possible.

This data about biochar production equipment should supply you with a few tips on how to begin trying to find these appliances. Whether you want a small pyrolysis machine, or an entire pyrolysis plant, you will see several that exist. If you absolutely have a lot of plastic, rubber, or organic material from harvesting, you must put money into one of those once you can. This could be a very lucrative section of your small business, although you may have never used one of those before.

The report offers a detailed insight into the upstream raw material analysis and downstream demand analysis along with crucial elements of Small Asia-Pacific Biochar Market report for furthermore highlights key proposals for new project development along with offering an assessment of investment feasibility analysis. This study is a useful guide to all investors to identify the lucrative market avenues across different segments and geographical regions. The market entry conditions along with emerging avenues will help the new entrants to gauge the pulse of the market. Furthermore, the study tracks industry news in terms of new mergers and acquisition made by prominent companies to expand their product offerings across various countries. The report is a useful guide to market players, all stakeholders, interested market participants and investors to formulate their strategies.

In this report, the Asia-Pacific Biochar market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

Geographically, this report split Asia-Pacific into several key Regions, with sales (MT), revenue (Million USD), market share and growth rate of Biochar for these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast), including

China

Japan

South Korea

Taiwan

India

Southeast Asia

Australia

Asia-Pacific Biochar market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Biochar sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

Diacarbon Energy

Agri-Tech Producers

Biochar Now

Carbon Gold

Kina

The Biochar Company

Swiss Biochar GmbH

ElementC6

BioChar Products

BlackCarbon

Cool Planet

Carbon Terra

Pacific Biochar

Vega Biofuels

Liaoning Jinhefu Group

Hubei Jinri Ecology-Energy

Nanjing Qinfeng Crop-straw Technology

Seek Bio-Technology (Shanghai)

Sonnenerde

Biokol

ECOSUS

Terra Humana

Verora

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (MT), revenue (Million USD), product price (USD/MT), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

Research Trades has team of experts who works on providing exhaustive analysis pertaining to market research on a global basis. This comprehensive analysis is obtained by a thorough research and study of the on going trends and provides predictive data regarding the future estimations, which can be utilized by various organizations for growth purposes.

Activated Carbon Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Activated Carbon market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Activated Carbon Industry.

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, activated coal, or carbon activates, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m2, as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties. Activated charcoal is considered to be the most effective single agent available Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and increasingly, high-porosity bio char.

The Activated Carbon Market report describes the development of the industry by upstream & downstream, industry overall and development by key companies and makes a scientific prediction for the development industry prospects based on analysis. Report also analyzes opportunities for investment in the Activated Carbon industry.

Activated Carbon Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Activated Carbon market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Activated Carbon Industry.

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, activated coal, or carbon activates, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m2, as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties. Activated charcoal is considered to be the most effective single agent available Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and increasingly, high-porosity bio char.

The Activated Carbon Market report describes the development of the industry by upstream & downstream, industry overall and development by key companies and makes a scientific prediction for the development industry prospects based on analysis. Report also analyzes opportunities for investment in the Activated Carbon industry.

Activated Carbon Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Activated Carbon market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Activated Carbon Industry.

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, activated coal, or carbon activates, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, just one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 500 m2, as determined by gas adsorption. An activation level sufficient for useful application may be attained solely from high surface area; however, further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties. Activated charcoal is considered to be the most effective single agent available Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and increasingly, high-porosity bio char.

The Activated Carbon Market report describes the development of the industry by upstream & downstream, industry overall and development by key companies and makes a scientific prediction for the development industry prospects based on analysis. Report also analyzes opportunities for investment in the Activated Carbon industry.

The Biochar Market report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Biochar by product, region and application. In additional, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.

Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment. Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.

Biochar Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Biochar market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Biochar market.

The Biochar Market report begins from overview of Industry Chain structure and describes industry environment, then analyses market size and forecast of Biochar by product, region and application. In additional, this report introduces market competition situation among the vendors and company profile, besides, market price analysis and value chain features are covered in this report.

Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis, designed to be used for environmental management. IBI defines biochar as: A solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment. Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years.

Biochar Market report provides the up-to-date industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to recognize the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. Biochar market report also delivers lists of the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the Biochar market.

Orchard Design 3 – Biochar Processing in Cone Pit Trench Method

http://www.edibleacres.org After a solid first pass of pollarding and clearing in the new orchard space, it’s time to clean up the branches and tops of trees that 1) can’t be laid up in piles…

Thanks for the world wide sharing of your carbon action based around responsible resource management.May I suggest to quench your char with / in a nutrient rich bath — like "flooding from below" is practiced in the KON-TIKI deep cone kilns.If you aim to improve the growing conditions of your new orchard trees in a few month from now, it would boost the fertility of the spot very well if you could use animal and human urine to "bath tub quench", alternatively you may like to prepare a fermented nutrient rich brew, say fine Biochar Chicken Manure Tea or a fine grained Biochar Fish Manure Tea — with a nice sweetener added, such as Molasses-Water / Cordial, to kick the microbes along. Best regards from under Down Under in Tassie — Australia the home of the KON-TIKI-TAS deep cone kilns (so far mobile 4 models)producer and user of FRANK'S CHAR branded Biochar products in Tasmania.http://www.terrapretadeveopments.com.au

Do you think that pollarded trees like this could take the place of fence posts on a sheep farm? Stretching fencing in between the pollarded trees?

Please explain why bio char is beneficial, I have much to learn. How is it used and why, and which plants need it most?

Another very well thought out scheme… Creating a value added product makes good sense when, like you say, wood chips are either free or very cheap to come by 🙂

Thanks for another interesting and useful video. I'll be burning slash on my land most of the winter and will now apply these methods, just so you know the idea's spreading.

Skill cult is awesome. I love his channel

Would of like to Eden the removal of the boichar from the pit. Do you let the wood burn all the way down before removing the char?

Very cool process. Still not sure if this is something I should do with all the small branches I have / will have from clearing. I own a small chipper, so I'll probably just use that. 🙂

You gotta inocculate some logs with some oysters and reishi!

Cool, thanks for the shout out. I've never tried to run one continuous like that. I make my trenches about 10 feet long for all the long limbs I've always got. I envy your locust 🙂

Skillcult does fantastic work… So do you!! Cheers!

And you managed to do it on the solstice — good job 🙂

Brilliant as usual. It's great to see this project. I've been out of action for awhile, but looking forward to catching up on your progress. This looks like an excellent alternative to chipping, which I stopped doing, but I've got lots of piles of trimmings and trees that I now have an alternative to simply leaving them to slowly decompose.

i love biochar videos

Maybe I missed it in the video, but why put the charcoal on the north side of the trees?

Granular Biochar market report analyses the market overview for business growth with the help of market development trends along with Import/Export Market across the globe. The process of Granular Biochar Industry is analysed thoroughly with respect three points, viz. raw material and equipment suppliers, various manufacturing associated costs (material cost, labour cost, etc.) and the actual process.

Along with Market research analysis, buyer also gets valuable information about global Granular Biochar Production and its market share, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, Supply, Consumption, Export, import volume and values for following Regions: