In the modern information age it is imperative for the organization to have its information at its fingertips. To meet this need for information, additions to systems are often developed to give consolidated management overviews of the operational information. Often, consolidated views require information from several operational systems and this leads to separate systems, often referred to as MIS (management information systems) or decision support systems. Sometimes the consolidated management information is represented in a specialized system often referred to as a data warehouse.