The combination of Strength Training (ST) with Aerobic Training (AT) exercises in the same training session, which commonly appears in literature as the concurrent training, is widely used in fitness and physical condition programs, especially when the aim is to increase the energy expenditure during and after training session. The ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological and biological factors associated with ultra-endurance performance. Fourteen male runners volunteered to run on a treadmill as many kilometers as possible over a 24-h period (24TR). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), velocity associated with VO(2max)(VO(2max)) and running economy (RE) at 8 ...

Lifestyle-related diseases are associated with overeating and lack of exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and high-fat diet on plasma adiponectin and nesfatin levels. Mice were housed for 4 weeks in 4 groups, which included the non-exercise and normal diet (SN), exercise and ...

A 4-mm patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was serendipitously diagnosed during intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for a noncardiac procedure in an obese adult patient with a history of decreased exercise tolerance and dyspnea, despite a negative preoperative transthoracic examination. This uncommon event poses questions regarding the relevance of this finding to the ...

This study investigated the effects of a long bout of aerobic exercise on hunger and energy intake and circulating levels of leptin and acylated ghrelin. Ten healthy male subjects undertook two, 4 h trials in a randomized crossover design. In the exercise trial subjects ran for 105 min at 50% ...

Visfatin is a highly expressed protein with insulin-like functions located predominantly in visceral adipose tissue and has been linked to obesity and increased health risks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of combined exercise training on visfatin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese ...

An emphasis on increasing self-regulation is an alternate to nutrition education, which has had poor results in the behavioral treatment of obesity. Although appropriately designed weight-loss treatments may enhance one's self-regulatory ability to control eating, whether improvements are moderated by psychosocial factors such as initial self-regulatory skills use, self-efficacy to ...

In order to understand whether exercise and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has an effect on obesity and weight control, we investigated the effects of CAPE, and exercise on lipid parameters (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C), and adipokine substances such as leptin and resistin in rats. 40 male rat were ...

The purposes of this study were to investigate the distribution characteristics of CAG repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of androgen receptor gene and the association of CAG polymorphism with VO₂max response to hypoxic training in North China Han men. Sixty-five healthy young men completed a 30-day HiHiLo training (living high, ...

The purpose of this study was to assess cardiac function and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO(2) difference) at rest and during exercise in young, normal-weight (n = 20), and obese (n = 12) men and women who were matched for age and fitness level. Participants were assessed for body composition, peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)), and ...

Exercise has been shown to be beneficial for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but for some CF patients there is a risk of desaturation, although the predicting factors are not conclusive or reliable. We sought to determine the relationship between the diffusion capacity of the lungs for nitric oxide and ...

To establish the value of an early post-stroke evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness in hemiparetic patients using a one-leg cycling exercise test and to analyze the impact of an adapted physical activity programme 12 weeks after the stroke. Eighteen hemiparetic stroke patients participated in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned ...

This study compared the parameter estimates of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO(2p)), heart rate (HR) and muscle deoxygenation (Δ[HHb]) kinetics when several moderate-intensity exercise transitions (MODs) were performed during a single visit versus several MODs performed during separate visits. Nine subjects (24 ± 5 years, mean ± SD) each completed two successive cycling MODs on six ...

Exercise capacity as measured by peak oxygen uptake (Vo₂(peak)) is low in hemodialysis patients. The present study assesses determinants of VO₂(peak) in patients with chronic kidney failure who either changed kidney replacement modality to frequent hemodialysis therapy or received a kidney transplant. Cohort study with assessment at baseline and 6 ...

Diminished functional capacity is common in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), although the underlying mechanisms are complicated. We studied the prevalence of chronotropic incompetence and its relation to exercise intolerance in patients with HCM. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in 68 patients with HCM (age 44.8±14.6years, 45 males). Chronotropic incompetence was defined ...

Exercise intensity is an important aspect of enhancing health-related fitness. Relationships between the percentages of heart rate reserve (%HRR), maximal oxygen uptake (%VO(2max)) and oxygen uptake reserve (%VO₂R) have been proposed as being effective for exercise intensity prescription. The present paper reviewed experimental studies published between 1966 and 2010, which ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate, for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), the extent to which peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2)peak) can be predicted by the results on submaximal tests. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Three MS clinics in the Greater Montreal region, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: A center-stratified random sample of 135 women and 48 men ...

Increased work of breathing is considered to be a limiting factor in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) performing aerobic exercise. We hypothesized that adolescents with CF and with static hyperinflation are more prone to a ventilatorily limited exercise capacity than non-static hyperinflated adolescents with CF. Exercise data of 119 adolescents ...

We investigated whether the characteristic slowing of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics during "work-to-work" exercise is attributable to elevations in baseline metabolic rate (VO2) as opposed to the elevated baseline work rate, per se. We hypothesized that a step transition to a higher work rate from "unloaded" cycling, but with ...

It has recently been reported that dietary nitrate (NO(3)(-)) supplementation, which increases plasma nitrite (NO(2)(-)) concentration, a biomarker of nitric oxide (NO) availability, improves exercise efficiency and exercise tolerance in healthy humans. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with L-arginine, the substrate for NO synthase (NOS), would elicit similar responses. In ...

The influence of a very fast ramp rate on cardiopulmonary variables at ventilatory threshold and peak exercise during a maximal arm crank exercise test has not been extensively studied. Considering that short arm crank tests could be sufficient to achieve maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂), it would be of practical interest ...

Dietary nitrate (NO(3)(-)) supplementation with beetroot juice (BR) over 4-6 days has been shown to reduce the O(2) cost of submaximal exercise and to improve exercise tolerance. However, it is not known whether shorter (or longer) periods of supplementation have similar (or greater) effects. We therefore investigated the effects of ...

An increased minute ventilation ($$\dot{\hbox{ V }}$$e)/carbon dioxide production (Vco(2)) relationship, an expression of ventilatory inefficiency (VI), is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). A direct link between VI and a specific cardiac abnormality has not been established. We analyzed cardiopulmonary exercise ...

A functional evaluation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism was performed in a group of obese adolescents (OB). The various components of pulmonary O(2) uptake (Vo(2)) kinetics were evaluated during 10-min constant-load exercises (CLE) on a cycloergometer at different percentages of Vo(2max). The relationships of these components with the gas exchange ...

Obesity and exercise are important elements associated with lifestyle-related diseases, and studies suggested that these factors may also be related to periodontitis. This study investigates the relationship between obesity and physical fitness and periodontitis. One thousand, one hundred and sixty Japanese subjects, aged 20 to 77 years, who participated in ...

Anticipation before the start of exercise may influence the cardiopulmonary responses during exercise. If anticipation influences the responses differently with maximal and submaximal exercises, normative values for submaximal responses will not be comparable unless exercise has been continued to the same end point. Twelve healthy subjects (five men) aged 18-27 ...

Across various populations, verification testing is used to confirm VO(2)max attainment and has repeatedly shown similar VO(2)max values to those obtained from incremental exercise. Yet, many individuals show meaningful differences in VO(2)max between protocols, and an explanation for this is unknown. The aim of the study was to elucidate this ...

To determine the exercise capacity of children and adolescents with Friedreich's Ataxia (FA) and to evaluate the effects of 6 months of idebenone treatment on exercise capacity. Exploratory endpoint in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial designed to investigate the effects of idebenone on a biomarker of oxidative ...

The blood flow regulation in vertebral system during dynamic exercise in humans remains unclear. We examined the blood flow responses in both the internal carotid artery (QICA) and vertebral artery (QVA) simultaneously during graded dynamic exercise by Doppler ultrasound to evaluate whether cerebrovascular responses to exercise were similar. In the ...

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that subjects having faster oxygen uptake (VO(2)) kinetics during off-transients to exercises of severe intensity would obtain the smallest decrement score during a repeated sprint test. Twelve male soccer players completed a graded test, two severe-intensity exercises, followed by 6 min of ...

Little is known about the effect of training on genetic markers for mitochondrial biogenesis in elite athletes. We tested the hypothesis that low-volume sprint interval exercise (SIE) would be as effective as high-volume interval exercise (IE). Ten male cyclists competing on national elite level (W (max) 403 ± 13 W, ...

Persons with Down syndrome (DS) have diminished submaximal and peak work capacity. This study evaluated the dynamic response of oxygen uptake at onset and recovery (VO(2) kinetics) of constant-load exercise (moderate intensity 45% VO(2peak)) in adults with DS. A total of 27 healthy participants aged 18-50 years performed graded treadmill ...

Lacking responses to endurance training (ET) have been observed for several variables. However, detailed analyses of individuals' responses are scarce. To learn more about the variability of ET adaptations, patterns of response were analyzed for each subject in a 1-year ET study. Eighteen participants [42±5 years, body mass index: 24±3 kg/m(2) ...

The present study examined the effect of priming exercise on O(2) uptake (Vo(2)) kinetics during subsequent very heavy exercise in eight 9- to 13-yr-old boys. We hypothesised that priming exercise would 1) elevate muscle O(2) delivery prior to the subsequent bout of very heavy exercise, 2) have no effect on ...

Each participant completed an arm-crank ramp exercise test to volitional exhaustion. To assess the utility of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to predict peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak) during arm ergometry in able-bodied participants and those with poliomyelitis. University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. In all, 16 able-bodied and 15 participants ...

Maximal endurance exercise capacity is determined by a variety of factors, including maximal ability to transport O₂ to the muscle mitochondria and to use this O₂ for ATP generation ((.)V(O₂MAX)). This analysis combines the individually well-known O₂ mass conservation equations for the four critical steps in the O₂ transport pathway ...

Before the influence of divergent factors on gross efficiency (GE) [the ratio of mechanical power output (PO) to metabolic power input (PI)] can be assessed, the variation in GE between days, i.e. the test-retest reliability, and the within day variation needs to be known. Physically active males (n = 18) ...

It is not known to what extent exercise programs increase maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) in patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exercise interventions on VO(2max) in subjects with CHD. Database search of randomized controlled trials was conducted from PubMed. ...