In the United States, six states have legalized it: Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, in addition to the District of Columbia and two Native American tribal jurisdictions.

In 1996, under President Bill Clinton, the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was passed to prevent the federal government from recognizing gay marriage, allowing each U.S. state to refuse recognition of same-sex marriages performed elsewhere. Support for gay marriage has grown considerably in the U.S. since the start of the 21st century.

Mexico City also recognizes gay marriage, although Mexico as a whole doesn't.

Adoption for gay couples is more widespread, being allowed in 13 countries including in Brazil and the United Kingdom. France would become the 14th country where gay couples can adopt.