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This pilot clinical trial studies vaccine therapy and temozolomide in treating patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Vaccines made from a person's white blood cells mixed with tumor proteins may help the body build an effective immune response to kill tumor cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as temozolomide, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving vaccine therapy and temozolomide may be an effective treatment for glioblastoma.

IV. Assess the relationship between efficacy endpoints (survival, progression-free survival, tumor response) and evidence of immunosuppression at baseline and over time with combined autologous or allogeneic tumor lysate / DC vaccination and adjuvant temozolomide.

Incidence of significant toxicity, defined as grade 3 or higher adverse event that is possibly, probably, or definitely related to treatment measured using National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 [ Time Frame: Up to 84 days ]

Incidence of significant toxicity will be estimated by the number of patients with significant toxicity divided by the total number of evaluable patients.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

Change in immunologic correlates [ Time Frame: Baseline to up to 5 years ]

Change in immunologic correlates before and after vaccination treatment will be evaluated and summarized both quantitatively and graphically. Spearman rank correlation coefficient will be used to assess the correlations between baseline levels as well as between changes before and after treatment in these immunologic markers.

Clinical benefit rate [ Time Frame: Up to 5 years ]

The clinical benefit rate will be estimated by the number of patients with an objective status of stable disease (SD) for at least 12 months or an objective status of CR or PR at any time divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals for the true clinical benefit rate will be calculated.

Duration of response [ Time Frame: Up to 5 years ]

Duration of response will be summarized descriptively.

Overall response rate [ Time Frame: Up to 5 years ]

The overall response rate will be estimated by the number of patients with an objective status of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals for the true overall response rate will be calculated.

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Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Willing and capable of undergoing apheresis for collection of mononuclear cells

Negative pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only

Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent

Willing to return to Mayo Clinic Rochester for follow-up

Willing to provide tissue and blood samples for mandatory correlative research purposes

Fixed or decreasing dose of corticosteroids (or no corticosteroids) >= 7 days prior to registration

Completed standard external beam radiation with temozolomide

Achieved a gross total or sub-total resection at time of surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

Current or prior treatment for this cancer with immunotherapy and/or any other investigational agents

Any of the following

Pregnant women

Nursing women

Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception

Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the prescribed regimens

Immunocompromised patients (other than that related to the use of corticosteroids) including patients known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B (HepB), or hepatitis C (HepC) positive

History of other malignancy including treated lower grade gliomas; EXCEPTIONS: non-melanotic skin cancer, carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix, or lower grade glioma that has never been treated previously; NOTE: if there is a history or prior malignancy, they must not be receiving other specific treatment for their cancer

History of myocardial infarction =< 180 days (6 months), or congestive heart failure requiring use of ongoing maintenance therapy for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias

Active infection =< 5 days prior to registration or fever > 38 degrees Celsius (C) on day of registration

History of tuberculosis or positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test