- Bashkir -

One of the greatest mysteries in the horse realm is to where the
Bashkir Curly horse came from; we still don't know its exact origin.
A popular theory remains that they are descended from the Russian
Bashkir...from where the breed gets its name. Upon close examination,
though, this explanation does not seem plausible. Shan Thomas, the
author of the book The Curly Horse In America -Myth and Mystery,
wrote about how the experts reviewing the breed and evaluating it
came to the unanimous agreement that there was absolutely no curly-haired
horse from the Bashkir lands. They did, however, confirm that the
Lokai, a pony found in the Tajikistan region, sometimes does display
the characteristic curly coat. Therefore, this horse may possibly
be the actual originator of the Bashkir Curly breed.

That, too, appears to be almost impossible. No mention of importation
of horses were made in ship's logs which brought Russian settlers
to the west coast of NorthAmerica. In addition, horses were
only used to a limited extent in Russian agricultureduring the
late 1700's and early 1800's. Stock breeding was not very successful
and most settlements were only able to keep a few livestock.
In 1817 there were only sixteen horses in Russian America. Goods
were transported to Okhotsk, the majorRussian port for ships
bound for Alaska, via pack horses. At the time, a trip across
Siberia to this port was very hazardous and nearly half of the horses
died each year. The horses of this region were the Yakut, named
after the local people. Soit seems that any horses that might
have been brought from Russia to Alaska wouldhave been of the
Yakut breeding not the Bashkir or Lokai breeds, both of which are
originated from much further south and west of the Yakut. Another
theory is that the ancestor of the Bashkir Curly might have crossed
the land bridge during the last Ice Age. But there is no fossil
evidence to support the existence of horses in the America's
from the last Ice Age until the reintroductionof horses to this
hemisphere by the Spanish.

Several other hypotheses as to
the origins of the Bashkir Curly exist but all havefailed to
be proven creditable upon closer examination, or simply remain untested.
In separate research the CS Fund has done blood typing on 200 curly
horses in theSerology Lab at UC-Davis. Although one can not
definitively identify a horse's breedby its bloodtype characteristics
there are characteristics common to an individualbreed. This
testing was seen as a method to determine if the Bashkir Curly did
infact display the blood characteristics of a distinct breed.

There were no findings which would identify the Bashkir
Curly as a genetically distinctbreed. The typing showed that
many other breeds have been used in their development,particularly
Quarter Horses and Morgans. The rare and unusual variants that did
emerge from this testing are found only in feral horses or those
breeds based onferal herds. No single common blood marker was
found.

Formation of the American Bashkir Curly Breed
Fortunately, the development of the modern Bashkir Curly much more
is clearly known.The modern day history of American Bashkir
Curly dates to 1898, when young PeterDamele (Duh-mel'ly) and
his father were riding the Peter Hanson mountain range inthe
remote high country of Central Nevada, near Austin. Peter, who passed
away in1981 at age 90, could vividly recall the strange sight
they saw of three horses with tight curly ringlets over their
entire bodies. It was intriguing to both fatherand son as to
where these horses had come from and just why they were there, questions
that as you can see are still not answered. However, from that day
to this, therehave always been curly-coated horses on the Damele
range, and Peter's son, BennyDamele, continued to breed them
for his ranch work. Many of the Bashkir Curly inthe U.S. can
be traced to the Damele herd. Establishing the American Bashkir
Curly Registry in 1971, the founders set out tosave these animals
from extinction in the U.S., as it was found that too many of
them, through ignorance, were being slaughtered. They then began
the process of establishing breeding traits. To accomplish this
U.S owners were asked to list thecharacteristics unique to the
Bashkir Curly. These, when compiled, brought out severalinteresting
features of the breed. One especially odd feature of the breed is
thefact that they can completely shed out the mane hair (and
sometimes even the tailhair) each summer, to grow back during
the winter. Even though the mane hair is usually extremely fine
and soft, it is quite kinky, and this ability to shed themane
is perhaps nature's way of coping with the corkscrew curls, as it
would becomequite impossible to manage if it became matted through
years of growth. Too, theirbody coat sheds out in the summer
and they become wavy or fairly straight on theirbody, with their
distinctive winter coat returning in late fall. Several winter
coat patterns have been observed, from crushed velvet effect,
to a perfect marblewave, to extremely tight ringlets over the
entire body.

The Bashkir Curly transmits the curly characteristic
to its offspring about fiftypercent of the time, even when mated
to horses without the curly coat. They alsoseem to be a hardy
breed and able to survive severe winter conditions. In the winter
of 1951-52, the Curly horses were the only ones to survive on the
range of Nevadawithout supplemental feeding.

Bashkir
Curly's appear in all common horse colors including Appaloosa and
Pinto.Physically they are of medium size, somewhat resembling
the early day Morgan in conformation, and a number of traits
have been found in this unique breed that linksthem to primitive
horses. Many individuals have been found without ergots. Some
have small, soft chestnuts. Their eyes have the wide set eyes
characteristic of Oriental breeds. This is said to give them
a wider range of vision. They are describedas having tough,
black hoofs are almost perfectly round in shape; an exceptionally
high concentration of red blood cells; stout round-bone cannon;
straight legs thatalso move straight; flat knees; strong hocks;
short back which indicates five lumbarvertebrae; round rump
without crease or dimple; powerful rounded shoulders; V'd chest
and round barrel. The foals arrive with thick, crinkly coats, curls
insidetheir ears and curly eyelashes.

In recent years
the Bashkir Curly has performed well in a wide range of equestrian
events including Barrel Racing, Pole Bending, Western Riding, Reining,
Gymkhana Events, Hunter, Jumper, Roping, English Equitation,
Western Pleasure, Gaited Pleasure,Competitive and Endurance
Trail Riding, Dressage and Driving.