Per-capita health care spending in the United States is disproportionally higher than that of other industrialized nations, while life expectancy is appreciably lower. In 2013, US health care spending totaled $2.9 trillion.1 At $9255 per person, this was 42% higher than the next highest per-capita spender. Yet, the United States ranks 50th for life expectancy among 221 nations and 27th out of the 34 industrialized Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. With a focus on maximizing the return of health care spending, of interest are best practices for reducing the use of medical procedures that offer low net benefit or, at the population level, possible net harm.