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Diarrhea in Immunocompromised Hosts Testing Algorithm

Diarrhea may be infectious or noninfectious and presents with acute (<14 days) or persistent (>14 days) symptoms. In patients who are HIV positive or who have a primary immunodeficiency, an initial workup should include a parasitic and viral panel, Clostridium difficile testing, and either a bacterial stool culture or a stool bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel. In patients who have had a solid or hematopoietic transplant, an initial workup should include Clostridium difficile testing, and viral testing. A parasitic panel by PCR should also be considered if the patient has unusual risks or documented exposures.