Architects & Artists F-G

Faith Craft Faith Craft Studios Faithcraft Faith-Craft Faith Craft was established on a small scale in 1916 by the Society of the Faith as a studio to provide vestments, fittings etc needed for Anglo-Catholic worship, but it was only after 1921 that it expanded significantly. The Society itself had been founded in 1905 by J A and C E Douglas, brothers who were both Anglican clergymen with catholic sympathies. After 1921 Faith Craft was headed by W Lawson, who remained until his death in 1946. It was initially based in Pimlico, but though the showrooms and offices remained in London, the works moved in 1928 to St Albans. The London premises were then in Buckingham Street, Charing Cross and remained there until 1935. From that year until it was wound up around 1970, it shared the Society’s premises in Tufton Street, Westminster, a handsome building which had been designed by E Lutyens in 1913 as the church institute of the parish of St John, Smith Square. Some design-work was done there, but particularly during the earlier period, this was also carried out in St Albans, where the art director, W Wheeler, was located from 1932-39; others working at St Albans included I Howgate and C E Power. The company employed some of the designers it used directly, but many others like Power, though closely connected, remained freelance designers. After Lawson died in 1946, the firm continued under George Walter Baden Beadle (1900-56), a native of St Albans, who recruited further staff from M Travers’s studio after he in turn died in 1948. From 1950 until closure the chief designer was F Stephens, who after Beadle’s death also assumed the responsibilities of managing director. Though Stephens’s had other interests besides the glass for which he was best known, his presence led to a strengthening of Faith Craft’s activities in this field. Like others in the field. the business was especially active following World War II, when many churches had to be repaired. Faith Craft was chiefly active in the London area and Hertfordshire, perhaps most notably at the rebuilt St Mary-le-Bow in the City. However, increasingly its hand-made products were becoming too expensive, whilst its approach was in any case increasingly at odds with contemporary thought on liturgy, which favoured the simple and even the abstract, so closure was probably inevitable. There is no consistency in the way Faith Craft is written. All the versions in the heading of this entry are found and yet more, but the Society of the Faith, which is taking an increasing interest in its one-time offshoot, prefers the unhyphenated form given first. For works by identified artists and craftsmen who worked for Faith Craft see under the various artists listed listed in this entryLit: R Gage (ed): All Manner of Workmanship, 2015Fittings: Brighton and Hove, – All Saints, Wilbury Road, statue (attr); East Preston, pulpit; Hastings, – Christ Church, London Road, stations of the CrossMemorial: Slindon (no artists or craftsman recorded)

Farmer and BrindleyWilliam Farmer (1823-79) and William Brindley (1832-1919) both came from Derbyshire. Farmer was initially in business by himself as a stonecarver and their first known joint work dates from 1856. By the late 1860s they had premises in Westminster Bridge Road, London, producing architectural sculpture for many prominent architects. In particular, Sir George G Scott gave them considerable freedom in designing for his churches. After Farmer died Brindley became increasingly interested in work in marble, which he supplied to G F Bodley and he also produced that in Westminster cathedral. He sold the business in 1905 for £50,000 and spent his last years at Christchurch, then in Hampshire and now in Dorset, where he took up painting. The firm lasted until 1929. An obituary for Farmer appeared as late as 1885 in BA 24 p164, but his death in 1879 is well attested in the records. Lit: Obit of William Brindley, BN 116 p128; E Hardy: Farmer and Brindley: Craftsman Sculptors 1850-1930, unpublished dissertation in the NALFittings: Arundel, reredos; Boxgrove, reredos; Little Horsted, font, reredos, pulpit and lectern Architectural carving: Brighton and Hove, – St Anne, Burlington Street, (dem); Eastbourne, All Souls

F R FarrowFrederic Richard Farrow (1856-1918) was originally articled as a quantity surveyor but then trained as an architect under Clement Dowling (1840-1906) of London. After a period as an assistant to several architects in succession, including J T Hanson, he started his own practice in London in 1882, three years before becoming an ARIBA. At this time he was associated with Edward Swinfen Harris (1841-1924) and together they designed Emmanuel, Upper Holloway (1884) of which little remains. It is unclear whether they were ever formally partners since Harris was normally based in north Buckinghamshire and in that same year Farrow became a partner of N C H Nisbett. Though Farrow is listed at a Brighton private address in 1899 (KD/S), this can at most have been a second address for in both 1901 and 1911 he was living in Hornsey and died in the area. With Nisbett he purchased in 1889 the practice in Winchester of the newly deceased Charles Richard Pink (1853-89) and in 1897 they were joined by J B Colson. Farrow continued alone after this practice was dissolved in 1905, though this was not announced until 1907 (London Gazette 4 June 1907). He was also active on the more theoretical and administrative side of architecture, having been secretary of the Architectural Association from 1887 to 1891 and then vice-president, before becoming editor of The Architect in 1910. He also wrote on architecture, mainly its technical aspects. During his later life he continued to practise from an office in New Bridge Street, EC (KD/L).Obits: The Builder 114 (1918) p375, RIBAJ 25 pp204-05Designed: Worthing, Emmanuel (old – later hall) (1911)Restored: Bosham (1903)

C FaulknerCharles Joseph Faulkner (1833-92) was a school contemporary of Sir E Burne-Jones in Birmingham, where he was born, and became a close friend of W Morris at Oxford. A mathematician and fellow of University College, he was interested in art and visited Italy with Burne-Jones. He also helped Morris on a number of projects, including the murals at the Oxford Union and the decoration of the Red House at Bexleyheath. In 1860, bored with university life, he started to train as an engineer in London and a year later was persuaded to become a founder-shareholder and bookkeeper of what was initially called Morris, Marshall and Faulkner, later reconstituted as Morris and Co. In 1864, despairing of achieving proper financial management for the company, he resumed his fellowship until resigning it in 1888 because of serious illness. In 1881 and 1891 he was living in Queen Square, London. He remained friendly with Morris – they visited Iceland twice and both supported radical socialist politics – Faulkner’s involvement in the latter was something of a joke in Oxford. Though primarily concerned with the financial side when working in Morris and Co, he was a competent draughtsman and worked on decorative schemes. His sisters, Kate and Lucy, also designed tiles, furniture and textiles, both for Morris and Co and others.Lit: DNBDecoration: Brighton and Hove, – St Michael, painted roof

J F FawknerJames Follett Fawkner (1829-98) was born in Plymouth and joined the practice of W G and M E Habershon in 1857, with a view to running a branch at Newport, Mon, though in 1861 he was actually living in Cardiff. When the Habershon brothers parted company in 1863, Fawkner went with W G Habershon and his new partner, Alfred Robert Pite (1832-1911), initially as managing clerk, but he became a full partner in 1870. By the following year, after moving to the practice’s London office, he was living with his sister in Bromley. After the almost simultaneous retirement of W G Habershon and Pite in 1877-78, he took sole charge, though he largely worked in South Wales, which is where most of his buildings are to be found. The practice at this time was general in character, including both secular and religious projects.Designed: Partridge Green (1890 – as Habershon and F)

H FeibuschHans Feibusch (1898-1998) was born a Jew in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and studied in Berlin and Paris. He became a successful Expressionist painter in Germany before coming to Britain in 1933, after the Nazis declared his works to be degenerate and some of them were burnt. He converted to Christianity and was taken up by Bishop George Bell of Chichester, who was instrumental in procuring Feibusch’s early commissions in the county. After a period when he was obliged to undertake much commercial work, his later work was largely religious and he produced murals in twelve post-war churches, mostly in the Diocese of Southwark, in close collaboration with the architect T F Ford (see this section below). In the 1970s he turned away from painting and took up sculpture, mostly still religious in nature (there are no examples in Sussex), though towards the end of his long life he reverted to Judaism.Lit: A Powers (ed): Feibusch Murals – Chichester and Beyond (Otter Memorial papers No 8), Chichester, 1997; R Drake: A Unique Alliance,C20 Journal, 2014, issue 2 pp22-27:Brighton and Hove, – St Wilfrid, murals; Eastbourne, – St Elisabeth, murals; Goring; Iden; Playden

C A FellowsCatherine A Fellows produced a monument at Petworth which is dated 1875. No other work by her has come to light, though she exhibited at the RA almost every year between 1867 and 1872 (Graves). She must be Catherine Allison Fellows (1829-1912), described in 1871 as a sculptor, who was the daughter of a Superintendent Registrar in Wolverhampton, where she was born and appears in every census after 1851. There were a number of semi-amateur and usually well-born woman sculptors by 1875, but it is unusual to find one from a middle class background. On the Petworth monument she signs herself as from London, but this cannot have been her address for long as she was back in Wolverhampton by 1881 without stating an occupation. In 1911 she was still there described as living off her own means.Monument: Petworth

A R G FenningArthur Richard George Fenning (1855-1937) was educated at Brighton and became a pupil and later assistant of W G Habershon, Pite and Fawkner in London. He moved to Eastbourne, where he had a wide practice and may have become partner of P D Stonham, with whom he worked on occasion, notably on Eastbourne, St Elisabeth, though it was only finished after his death. Before 1914, he divided his time between Eastbourne and London, where he had an office at 46 Lincoln’s Inn Fields (KD/L). At this time his practice ranged more widely geographically, e g the restoration of the tower of Blunham, Bedfordshire (commenced in 1910) and of Tysoe church, Warwickshire in 1912.Lit: BAL Biog fileDesigned: Eastbourne, – St Elisabeth (1935-38 with Stonham)Restored: Barcombe (nd)Extended/altered: Eastbourne, – All Saints (nd and 1927-29); – Holy Trinity (1909-10); – St John, Meads (1904 and 1911)

B FerreyBenjamin Ferrey (1810-80) was of Huguenot origin and a pupil of Augustus Charles Pugin (1762-1832), on whom and on his more famous son he wrote a book. He travelled with the latter in England and France, before joining the office of William Wilkins (1778-1839), whom he assisted with the drawings for the National Gallery. After going into practice for himself in 1834 he was in his early years involved with laying out the new resort of Bournemouth. He subsequently designed many country houses, mainly in the classical style, though the nearly 60 churches he designed are gothic. He restored many more churches, later in partnership with his son (see immediately below). He was diocesan architect of Bath and Wells from 1841 and much of his church work is thus in Somerset. He was a Consulting Architect to the ICBS. His well built churches are mostly devoid of originality.Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Builder 39 pp281-83Designed: Barcombe (1859 – unexecuted); Brighton and Hove, – St Anne, Burlington Street (1862 – dem); Eastbourne, – Christ Church (1859); Pett (1864); Slinfold (1861); Staplefield (1847); Treyford (new) (1849 – dem)Restored/extended: Eastbourne, – Holy Trinity (1855); Funtington (1858-59); Harting (1854); Lewes, Southover (1847 – with J L Parsons); Mid Lavant (nd – doubtful); Westbourne (1864)

B E FerreyBenjamin Edmund Ferrey (1845-1900) was the only son of B Ferrey (see immediately above). His name is also found as Edmund Benjamin and he was usually known as Edmund, no doubt to distinguish him from his father . He was designng buildings in his own name as early as 1871 (a school at Lower Slaughter, Gloucestershire), though the census of that year shows him still living with his father in Inverness Terrace, Paddington. The two were in partnership by the mid-1870s, when there are several references to them under the name of Ferrey and Son. After his father died, the son, who was noted for his ritualist sympathies, continued to practise alone. He restored quite a few churches, mainly in the West Country,the latest of which, Chalford, Gloucestershire, dates from 1890, and he also designed new churches, the majority of which are in London.Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Builder 78 p426Altered: Framfield (1892-95) Field, Poole and Sons See Poole and Son.

W FiggWilliam Figg (1799-1866) was a founder-member of the Sussex Archaeological Society, who was born in Lewes, where from 1841-61 he is recorded as a land surveyor or agent. The William Figg listed in LBPB from 1818 must be the man of the name known to have surveyed roads in the Lewes area between 1807 and 1827 and he may be presumed to be his father – between 1830 and 1833 Figg and Son did similar work. The son became an FSA and wrote about Bishopstone church in SAC 2. This immediately followed a restoration by an unknown architect and Figg’s close knowledge of it suggests strongly he was involved. Restored: Bishopstone (1849 – attr)

J FlaxmanJohn Flaxman (1755-1826), the son of a sculptor in Yorkshire of the same name, moved to London, where he first exhibited at the RA aged 16. He was skilled in the Grecian style and made many reliefs, some for Josiah Wedgwood’s (1730-95) pottery. Flaxman spent from 1787 to 1794 in Rome, where he became famed as a draughtsman. He was held in high regard and in 1810 became the RA’s first professor of sculpture. The mechanical appearance of his work, for which he was criticised, resulted from his use of assistants to carve the finished product from his model.Lit: D Irwin: John Flaxman, Sculptor, Illustrator, Designer, 1979Memorials: Ashurst; Brightling (attr); Burwash; Cuckfield; Eartham; Petworth; Rye; West Grinstead; Withyham, – St Michael

P FlemingPeter Fleming occurs as an architect between 1962 and 1977, with an address at Fern House, West Ashling, Chichester. He was a member of the RIBA. Repaired: Burpham (1977); Felpham (1976); West Itchenor (1962)

F FlorisFrans Floris (1517-70) was a painter of Antwerp who came of a long line of painters and masons and travelled widely in Italy between 1541/42 and 1545. There he saw the works of Michelangelo and other Mannerist painters and his work after his return reveals their strong and continuing influence. He was equally adept at religious and mythological subjects, as well as portraits and was the most successful painter of his time in his native city.Painting: (Probably a late C16 product of his school) Lewes, – St John- sub-Castro

~~~~ FlyntonOnly the surname of the sculptor of the monument to Richard Covert (d1579) at Slaugham has survived, together with the fact that he was paid £30 for his work. He is otherwise unknown, but the sophistication of the work suggests he may have been a London mason.Monument: Slaugham

A S FordAlan Scott Ford was a partner in T F Ford and Partners (see below) and is mentioned in the records between 1959 and 1986. He was the son of T F Ford (see this section below) and much of his work was in close conjunction with his father. During his time the practice continued to be strong in south east London and Kent. For work given to him, see under T F Ford and Partners below.

E S FordEmily Susan Ford (1850-1930) was born in Leeds, the daughter of a prosperous Quaker lawyer, and was not baptised into the Church of England until she was 39. In the 1870s she trained at the Slade School in London and subsequently established herself with studios at 23 Glebe Place, Chelsea and at her parental home at Adel, outside Leeds. Particularly after her baptism she specialised in religious art, both glass and painting. Her glass was mostly made by Lowndes and Drury and she shared with M Lowndes a strong commitment to the women’s suffrage movement. She was particularly involved with the Artists Suffrage League, for which she produced posters and banners (The Victorian no 46 (July 2014) p34),and with the movement more generally in the Leeds area. At an exhibition of her work in 1902 she showed, as well as glass and paintings, book illustrations and sculpture. Most of her work was destined for schools or churches, though among her paintings there are also landscapes and portraits. There is no known link with William Ford (b1858), recorded as an artist in stained glass (1881) and as a glass cutter (1901) in St Pancras. Lit: Emily Ford: Catalogue of Exhibition of Devotional Art, London, Continental Gallery, 1902Glass: Boxgrove

H H FordHugh Hubbard Ford (1906-1980) trained under Sir Albert Richardson (1880-1964) and then became an assiatant in Sir A Webb’s practice, though Webb himself had largely withdrawn n health grounds. Thereafter Ford set up in practice in Eastbourne, which became substantial before being made formally a partnership in 1965. He was responsible for much post-war planning and housing in the town, though in 1974 the partnership also had offices in Brighton and London and they designed a hotel as far afield as Burnley, Lancashire in 1959. Among the partners were Herbert Frank Wilson (HFW) and William Morling (1921-97) (WM) who worked on churches; but in neither case is it possible to find out more about them. There is also a record of a person of the same name who was born in 1898/99, but there is little doubt that the above dates are correct, as they are also given in his obituary in RIBAJ, following his death in Brighton Lit: BAL Biog fileDesigned: Eastbourne, – St Richard, Langney (1956-58)Completed: Bexhill, – St Augustine (1960-63)Repaired: East Blatchington (1970-71 – as H H Ford and Partners, responsible partner WM)); Jevington (1963-64 as H H Ford and Associates, responsible partner HFW)

J FordJulie Ford was supervised by A Wright of the Hastings College of Art and Technology when with J Blyth she designed some glass for St Peter and St Paul, Parkstone Road in 1998. She is likely to have been a pupil.Glass: Hastings, St Peter and St Paul, Parkstone Road

T F Ford T F Ford and Partners Ford and Harkess Thomas Francis Ford (1891-1971) established this leading practice of church architects, now T F Ford and Partners and situated in Sydenham. Ford trained at the Architectural Asociation and RA Schools and was in the office of W A Forsyth (see this section below) and briefly a partner, before starting his own practice in 1926 – most of his early work was commercial, though he was already deeply religious. He had been a conscientious objector during World War I and in 1948 he and his brother were responsible for a new translation of the New Testament, whilst he also formed a large collection of Bibles. By 1929 the practice was called Ford and Harkess with an address at 12 City Road, the other parrtner being William Harkess (1891-1977). Harkess had Sussex connections for he married at Thakeham in 1920 and in 1923 was living at Pulborough. Little is known about the subsequent history of the practice before 1939 beyond directory entries at the same address in 1934 and 1938. Given his place of residence, it is possible that Harkess was primarily responsible for the work of the practice in Sussex, at least in the 1930s. He had emigrated to Australia by 1958, having had previous links with the country. Ford worked extensively in south east London (he lived at Eltham) from about 1930, specialising increasingly in churches- he became Diocesan Architect for Southwark, He was not known for his love of advanced modern architecture and his churches derive from a number of styles, though many show primarily the influence of Sir John Soane (1753-1837) and other architects of the Regency. After World War II he was active in rebuilding damaged churches and designing new ones, again mainly in south east London. Most are modest, reflecting the constraints of the period, though he used H Feibusch (see above) extensively as a painter of murals. Later partners in the practice have included both T F Ford’s sons, one of them A S Ford (ASF – see this section above), and his son-in-law. The practice still works on churches, though it has also been reponsible for secular projects, consisting mostly of alterations and improvements to older buildoings…Lit: BAL Biog file; Profile of the practice, CBg 42 (Nov/Dec 1996) pp31-33; R Drake: A Unique Alliance, C20 Journal, 2014, issue 2 pp22-27:Designed: Crawley, – St Alban (1961-62) Restored/repaired: Storrington (1933 as F and Harkess); Worth (1974 – ASF)

D ForsdykeSee under D BurgessJ ForsythJames Forsyth (1827-1910) was born in Kelso, Scotland, but moved to London early in his life and became one of the leading sculptors and stonecarvers of the age. He produced many memorials and worked on various fittings for churches, but was best known in his earlier career for his work for architects, who included S S Teulon, W Slater, A Salvin and R N Shaw. Of his sons, James Nesfield (1864-1942) followed him as an architectural carver and was also a sculptor, William Adam (see below) was an architect and John Dudley (1874-1926) specialised in stained glass.Obit: Building News 98 (1910) p199Fittings and architectural carving: Angmering, carving, including capitals and pulpit; Chichester, – All Saints, Portfield, carving on reredos made for Chichester cathedral and subsequently in Brighton and Hove, – St Saviour; Etchingham, pulpit; Framfield, pulpit; Hastings, – St Leonard, Hollington, carving in chancel; Singleton, carving on reredos(My thanks to Bernice Forsyth, who provided the above information about the Forsyth family).

M ForsythMoira Forsyth (1906-91) was the daughter of Gordon Mitchell Forsyth (1879-1952), a pottery designer, who worked in Manchester and also designed stained glass that reveals the influence of C Whall. The family in 1911 was living in Salford, and despite suggestions to the contrary, was not related to J Forsyth and his family (see immediately above). In 1920 they moved to Stoke on Trent, where initially she followed her father’s example and trained and worked in ceramics, with sufficient success to exhibit her work. However, in 1926 she went to the Royal College of Art, where she studied under M Travers. There she became familiar with the design and making of stained glass and it was to this that she was to devote her life. After the RCA she appears for the first time in 1933 as a stained glass artist with an address at 1 St Oswald Studio in Fulham (KD/L), where some years previouslyF G Christmas had also worked, though there is no known connection. At this time she also worked at Lowndes and Drury, particularly with W Geddes. Though a Catholic, she had close links to Sir E Maufe, for whom she worked at Guildford cathedral and elsewhere, and her glass for the rose window at Guildford was particularly admired. She spent her last years at Farnham, Surrey.Obit: The Times 15 April 1991Glass: Eastbourne, – St Mary, Hampden Park; Friston

W A ForsythWilliam Adam Forsyth (1872-1951) was a son of James Forsyth (see this section above) and became a pupil of Sir R W Edis. He practised in London and was close to the Arts and Crafts movement. In his early career he designed houses in ‘heavy handed stripped variants of the Cotswold style’ (P Davey p109) and was known for his designs of gardens, but he became primarily involved with churches and schools – the latter included work at Eton. He advised Sir J N Comper on technical questions and was architect to Salisbury and Blackburn cathedrals; he produced the first and unfinished scheme for the enlargement of the latter after the parish church had been raised to the status of a cathedral. In 1896 he went into partnership with Hugh Patrick Guarin Maule (1873-1940), a fellow pupil of Edis and the practice also worked on secular buildings, on which Maule probably took the lead. They remained together until 1929, though there are many later buildings by both individually. Forsyth also designed memorials and other fittings.Obit: The Times 13 Nov 1951Repaired: Eastbourne, – St Elisabeth (1949-50)Fitting: Boxgrove, memorial

M HolgateFosterMargaret Holgate Foster has been credited with the design of the east window of 1878-79 at Ticehurst (see BE(E) p634). However, this has also been given to Lavers, Barraud and Westlake, though they could have been the makers rather than designer, but the only certainty about Holgate Foster is that she is the person commemorated. There is a record of a Margaret Holgate Foster (born 1857), the daughter of a fund-holder who was living in Regent’s Park in 1861. Ten years later she was living with her widowed mother in what appear straitened circumstances in St Leonards after which she cannot be traced further, possibly after marriage. The Sussex connection looks promising but there is no apparent link with Ticehurst and if she is the right person, her age makes it less than likely that she designed the window.Glass: Ticehurst (attr)

Fouracre and Sons Fouracre and SonJohn Thomas Fouracre (1844-1915), the son of a painter and decorator, owned a glass-making firm in Plymouth. The exact date that this was founded is not known, though in 1871 the son was still living with his parents and described himself as a decorator and plumber. However there is some evidence that the company existed by the later 1860s, for there is a reference in 1866 to Fouracre and Watson and Fouracre’s stated profession of plumber in 1871 is related to that of stained glass making All that is known of Watson, the presumed partner. is that he was called Henry. The latest reference to Fouracre and Watson is in 1913, but it does not follow that Watson was active in the firm then or for most of the preceding time. Nothing is known about Fouracre’s training but he clearly prospered for in 1881 he called himself a stained glass artist and decorator, employing 20 men and 6 boys; the retention of the term ‘decorator might suggest that his firm had emerged from his father’s business, but the sequence of events has yet to be established. Despite the survival of the name Fouracre and Watson the alternative form of Fouracre and Son or Sons is also found and it is likely that the various names were to some extent interchangeable until after the death of J T Fouracre when the firm became generally known by the latter title. This illustrates once more the lack of certainty about the company, for John Thomas Fouracre’s only son, John Leighton Fouracre (1878-1954) became an architect. This may suggest that in fact an outsider was in charge in this later phase which lasted until at least 1948, the date of the latest mention in Plymouth directories. Latterly it was associated with Osborne and Phillips, another glassmaker there. Unsurprisingly, throughout its existence most of the firm’s work is to be found in Devon and Cornwall.Glass: Rusper

P FourmaintrauxFrancois Pierre Fourmaintraux (always known by his second name) (1896-1974) was born in Northern France, where his father owned a ceramics factory, in which he initially worked. He married an English wife and settled in England, ultimately in Harrow, where he died. While still in France he produced some conventional leaded stained glass, but he changed after World War II to a method known as dalle de verre, consisting of abstract designs, made of thick, small, dark pieces of glass set in concrete. This emerged first in France and was taken up in Britain by J Powell and Sons; for whom Fourmaintraux produced designs. The style was especially popular in Roman Catholic churches.See under J Powell and Sons for his work

J FowlerJames Fowler (1825-92), though born at Lichfield and trained there and in Manchester, lived and worked after 1849 in Louth, Lincolnshire, where from 1851-59 he was partner of Joseph Maughan (1825-92), who afterwards became borough surveyor – the co-incidence of birth and death dates is well attested. Fowler became known widely as ‘Fowler of Louth’, and was five times mayor. His extensive practice was concentrated in Lincolnshire, but extended to other parts of eastern England and further afield, designing at least one new church in London. He had a deep interest in theology and Christian history, so it is unsurprising that for the most part he was a church architect and restorer, but he also designed schools and other buildings. He was also from 1871-86 Diocesan Surveyor for Lincolnshire.Lit: BAL Biog fileRestored: Brede (1890); Pulborough (1880)

E R Frampton juniorEdward Reginald Frampton junior (1872-1923), son of the stained glass artist, E R Frampton senior (see immediately below), trained as a painter in Italy and France, though in 1891 he was assisting his father and called himself a stained glass artist – a few windows by him are known, none of them in Sussex, though there may be some confusion with his father. During his training he was influenced by Symbolism and came to specialise in paintings with a religious subject. He was a member of the Art Workers Guild.Decoration: Hastings, – All Saints, chancel walls

E R Frampton seniorEdward Reginald Frampton senior (1845-1928) was born in Woolwich and trained as a glassmaker with Clayton and Bell. In the mid-1870s he worked with W F Dixon and Charles George Hean (1848-1926) and formed a partnership with the latter until its dissolution was announced in the London Gazette of 2 October 1877.. He set up business in his own premises in Buckingham Palace Road around 1881. In 1891 he was living in Sutton, Surrey, still described as an artist in stained glass. In the same year his son of the same name (see immediately above) was assisting him, though he was otherwise better known as a painter.Glass: Alfriston

Friars Glass StudiosThis studio, which in 1978 produced a window at Keymer to the design of I McFarlane is not otherwise recorded in this name. It is possible but unlikely that it is connected with White Friars Stained Glass Ltd of Regina, Canada. By 1978 the firm of J Powell and Sons, otherwise known as Whitefriars Glass, which might otherwise have been a candidate, had ceased producing stained glass so this cannot be a misreading.Glass: Keymer

V FrickerVal Fricker studied at the West of England College of Art in the 1960s and painted watercolours initially in a conservative idiom. However, a sojourn in the USA in the early 1990s led to a change of direction towards abstraction and the use of other media including driftwood. Since returning to Britain in 1994 the artist has lived at Rye Harbour and is active in the local Society of Artists.Altarpiece: Rye Harbour

R FrogbrookRoger Frogbrook was a carpenter, who with the mason T Pokyll contracted with the churchwardens of Bolney to built a new tower in 1536; it was complete by 1540. Unlike Pokyll there is no other certain record of him, but someone said to have been his son died in 1565 in Bolney and there are further references to members of the Frogbrook family in the Bolney parish records in the later C16, so he was clearly local and only working with Pokyll there on an ad hoc basis.Carpentry: Bolney

J FulleyloveJoan (also found as Jean) Elizabeth Fulleylove (1886-1947) was the daughter of John Fulleylove (1845-1908), a landscape artist, and trained first as a painter at the Slade School, before attending the Central School of Art, where she studied stained glass and book production under under Karl Parsons (1884-1934) and A J Drury (see under Lowndes and Drury). The link with the last named extended also to the other partner, M Lowndes, with whom she had close links and whose suffragist sympathies she shared. It is therefore unsurprising that her glass was made by Lowndes and Drury. She assisted M Esplin and completed her glass for Khartoum cathedral, adding some of her own. Subsequently, she had her own studio in Hampstead until the 1930s, when she moved to Henfield, where she appears to have spent the rest of her life. It is not known what connection she had with Barnham church, where she designed a window, dated 1949, which was also a memorial to her. Glass: Barnham

T and E Gaffin R Gaffin Gaffin and CoAccording to Roscoe, Thomas (1780-1855) and Edward (1819-1869) Gaffin (EG) were father and son, who owned a long-running business of statuaries and masons, known at various addresses in London and which lasted as Gaffin and Co until the early C20; they were sufficiently prosperous to afford premises in Regent Street. However, census records consistently give Edward as having been born in County Mayo, Ireland in 1780/81 and Thomas as born in various years between 1814 and 1819, also in County Mayo – his death in 1869 is well attested. Hence it would seem that the entry in Roscoe has them the wrong way round; there is corroboration for this at Hatley St George church, Cambridgeshire in the form of a monument dated 1806 and signed by Edward, though if correct that date would have obliged him to return to Ireland before the presumed birth of Thomas. In addition, Thomas signs a monument dated as late as 1862 at Ramsey, Huntingdonshire. Thomas had a son, another Edward (1843/44-71), who followed in the family trade and probably took charge of Gaffin and Co after his father’s death for the rest of his short life; the later ownership of the firm is unrecorded. There is a single monument at Hartfield dated 1829 signed by R Gaffin (RG), who is said also to have had an address in Regent Street. Neither Edward senior nor Thomas had a son with this initial and 1829 seems too early for him to have been involved with Gaffin and Co after the death of Edward junior, unless the monument was made much later or there is an error in the initial. If the latter, the most likely author would be Edward senior (assuming his earlier date of birth is correct). The work of all those known to have been associated with the company consists of routine tablets and the like, often in the gothic style.Memorials: Ardingly; East Grinstead, – St Swithun; Hartfield (also RG?); Salehurst (EG); Trotton; Wartling

R GaneRichard Gane (1839-77) was the son of a builder of the same name in Trowbridge, Wiltshire who around 1853 was articled locally to C E Giles (see this section below). Gane completed his articles in London, probably because Giles had moved there in 1856 before his articles ended. After that he returned to work with his father in Trowbridge, where he was still to be found in 1871. However, he evidently kept in touch with Giles, for two years previously, when the latter’s health started to give way, he had bought a share of Giles’s practice. In 1873 he took over the rest of it, including its London office at 6 Mecklenburgh Square and subsequently, in 1875-77, moved to Furnival’s Inn. For much of his time in practice in England Gane retained the name of Giles in the practice, but appears to have worked on his own. Gane designed a variety of buildings and his best known one is the former Abbey Cloth Mills, the most conspicuous building in Bradford on Avon (1875). Sadly, he proved unable to cope and took to drink until he moved to Australia by 1877, the year in which he died there. My thanks to Julian Orbach for most of the above information on both Gane and Giles. Lit: BAL Biog fileRestored/extended: Storrington (1876) W J GantWilliam John Gant (1824-1906) was a pupil of Thomas Leverton Donaldson (1795-1885) and then an assistant of Sir William Tite (1798-1873) and W Moseley. He was born in Kingsland, Middlesex but moved to Hastings between 1841 and 1851, presumably on completion of his training as he gave his profession in 1851 as architect, and spent the rest of his life there. He was surveyor to several large estates in the town for which he designed houses. Late in life, in 1892, he was elected FRIBA. Designed: Hastings, – Fishermen’s Church (1853-54)

T GarrattThomas Garratt (1851-after 1911) was born in Dogsthorpe, Northamptonshire. His father died at an early age and he and his mother were living in Peterborough in 1861. However, he moved back to Northampton, where in 1871 he described himself as an architectural student; in fact he was articled to E F Low and Son of that town, a prolific local practice about whom there is little information. After this he became an early student of the RIBA and by 1873 was at 15 Prince’s Row, Buckingham Palace Road, London. During this time he won several prizes, including in 1875 a medal of merit for drawing (Proc RIBA). After becoming ARIBA in 1879, he moved to Shepherds Bush and in 1882 and 1883 he was at 19 Queen Anne’s Gate, Westminster (KD/L and B 45 p9). However, he was back in Shepherds Bush in 1891 and 1895, living at 110 Percy Road. By 1908 he was living and practising in Kingston Hill, Surrey, where in 1911 he gave his occupation as architect and surveyor, HM Office of Works. Unless it was by virtue of this employment, his resignation from the RIBA in 1911 may have been caused by ill-health, in which case he is likely to have died soon afterwards, but no likely record of his death is to be found. His name was sometimes misspelled ‘Garrett’ but he is not to be confused with Thomas Garrett or Garratt of Ship Street, Brighton (see below).Fittings etc: Bexhill, – St Peter (1892-93); Lewes, – St Thomas (1888 – no longer present); Seaford (1908)

J GarrettJohn Garrett who altered Southwick church in 1835 is little documented, to the extent of being omitted from Colvin after the first edition. He appears to have worked in an unspecified way with J Butler on this project. Interestingly, the only other definite reference to Garrett links him with W Ranger, of whom a little more is known and who had produced an earlier design for Southwick in 1833, but nothing is certain. A possible candidate is John Garrett or Garratt (1799/1800-after 1871), who was born in Lewes and first appears in the records in 1851 when well into middle age, as Superintendent Architect at the dockyard at Sheerness, Kent. In 1861 he was in Portsea as a civil engineer (it is a reasonable guess that he was connected with the dockyard there as well) and by 1871 he had retired to Northwood, Hampshire, though there is no likely record of his death. He does not appear in any directories for Kent or Hampshire for the relevant periods. A second, even more local alternative for the nam who worked on Southwick church is another John Garrett who was a builder at 16 New Road Brighton in 1832 (Pigot’s Directory) but who is equally shadowy.Rebuilt: Southwick (1835)

T GarrettThomas Garrett (1864-1942) was born in Brighton, the son of a prosperous builder who left over £32, 000 at his death in 1914, and became a pupil of Henry Branch in London, who had Brighton connections – he became the partner of Thomas Simpson (1825-1908), a prolific designer of schools and nonconformist chapels there. Garrett himself returned in 1889 to Brighton where he lived in Hanover Crescent, though he spent his last years at Small Dole near Henfield. His practice was at 34 Ship Street and was extensive – among the housing projects on which he worked was South Moulsecoomb. By 1931 he was in partnership with his son, Sidney Colston Garrett (1889-1949) and the practice continued as Thomas Garrett and Son until around 1969 (KD/Brighton). In 1907 (KD/S) Garrett also had an office in Haywards Heath, near Scaynes Hill. His name in the 1891 census and in WWA 1914 is given as Garratt. Described as ‘architect of Hove’ (Clarke papers), the architect named only as ‘Garrett’ who extended Scaynes Hill is probably the same, particularly in view of his second office in Haywards Heath. He is not to be confused with Thomas Garratt of Shepherds Bush (see above).Extended: Scaynes Hill (1913 – probably)Restored: Pyecombe (1913)

T J GawthorpThomas John Gawthorp (1831/32-1911) was born in Hull but established an art metal works, Gawthorp and Sons Ltd, in London. He enjoyed some success. particularly in the provision of memorials and reredoses, and the company was appointed metal workers to Queen Victoria and much later to George V. In 1884 and 1915 (KD) its premises were in Long Acre, Covent Garden and it continued until 1936, latterly under the founder’s son, Walter Edmund Gawthorp (1859-1936) and it was probably as a consequence of his death that it was taken over by J Wippell and Co. However, even after this there is a reference to the company under its own name only in the London Gazette for 3 January 1938.Reredos: Selmeston

W GeddesWilhelmina Margaret Geddes (1887-1955) was Irish by birth and from an early age lived in Belfast, where she studied glassmaking and drawing at the Municipal Technical Institute, before in 1911 joining An Túr Gloine Co-operative in Dublin, where she was taught by A E Child. From the start of her career as a glass designer her work was intense in colour and heroic in scale, with figures that often took up almost all the available space. She saw the glass at Chartres at an early stage which left a deep impression on her. Her earliest work in England is at St Luke, Wallsend, Northumberland (1912 and another of 1922), At some point by the early1920s she had returned to Belfast and in 1925 she moved permanently to London, where she took a studio in the Glass House (see under Lowndes and Drury). There she advertised herself as a separate business from 1934 (KD/L), though she received technical support from the company, especially with her late commissions. Because of her poor health, both mental and physical, her output was small and its characteristics remained constant from her earlier work. The design of some windows can seem overpowering and even over-complex, but this does not detract from overall high standard of her work, which was well above that of most of her contemporaries in Ireland or Britain. Her contemporaries remarked on the incongruity of such work being produced by a small and often sickly woman. .She was also famed for her graphics including illustrations and needlework.Lit: DNB; N Gordon Bowe: Wilhelmina Geddes: Life and Work, 2015Glass: Northchapel

N di P GeriniNiccolo di Pietro Gerini (c1340-1414) was a prominent Florentine painter of the late gothic period, whose works are widely found in Tuscany and in galleries outside Italy including the National Gallery, London. His earliest known work dates from 1368.Paintings: Withyham, – St Michael (formerly)

J G GibbinsJohn George Gibbins (1843-1932) was an architect of Brighton and Hove, who was articled to W G Habershon and Alfred Robert Pite (1832-1911), like Sir W Emerson, and worked in W Burges’s office. He became a prolific designer, mainly of hospitals and public buildings and from 1867-69 was partner of the resoundingly named Horatio Nelson Goulty (1830-69), whose name the practice retained at least until 1887 – Goulty was a nonconformist and, among other things, a successful designer of chapels. In 1883 and 1889 Gibbins had a professional address in London (BN 56 p300) as well as Brighton. By 1899 the Brighton practice bore his name only and in 1907 was known as Gibbins and Son (KD), though none of his three recorded sons became an architect. He died in Hurstpierpoint and is buried at Ditchling.Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Builder 143 p568Altered/restored: Brighton and Hove, – St Luke Prestonville (1882); Patcham (nd – attr)

A GibbsAlexander Gibbs (1832-86) was one of three sons of Isaac Alexander Gibbs (1802-51), who first appears in directories as a maker of stained glass in 1849 at an address in Hampstead Road (KD/L), and who exhibited glass at the Great Exhibition (Catalogue p127 item 75), shortly before his death; none of his work is recorded in Sussex. Confusingly, all three sons were given the name Alexander and the youngest also shared the name of Isaac (see this section below). Alexander (with no other name) inherited his father’s business together with Charles Alexander (see immediately below), but by 1857 he had established his own business with two addresses in Bloomsbury (KD/L), which was known as Alexander Gibbs and Co. Among those working for him was Isaac Alexander junior (see this section below), though as the latter was only born in 1849, this must have been well ibto the 1860s . Alexander was prepared to conform to W Butterfield’s requirement for clarity and lack of clutter and worked with him for the rest of his life. After his death, the firm continued the association and it is said not to have closed until 1915, though the name disappears from KD/L after 1908.Glass: Arundel; Battle; Boxgrove; Brede; Brighton and Hove, – St Patrick; Copthorne; Cowfold (posthumous); Guestling; Iford; South Malling

C A GibbsCharles Alexander Gibbs (1825-77) was the eldest son of Isaac Alexander Gibbs and thus brother of Alexander Gibbs (see immediately above), with whom he carried on their father’s business after his death – in 1854 it was still known as Isaac Gibbs, but by 1855 it was Charles and Alexander Gibbs (KD/L). Alexander set up his own business in 1857 in Bloomsbury, whilst Charles Alexander remained in what had been his father’s premises in Marylebone Road, London and the firm continued after his death. Like Alexander he appears to have worked for W Butterfield. There are also other stained glass companies with the name Gibbs, including William Gibbs of Brunswick Place, City Road in 1865 and 1866 only (ibid). There is also James Gibbs and Watson of 32 Gloucester Road, Regent’s Park which makes an equally brief appearance in 1875 and 1876, but it is not known whether either is linked in any way to the main family. Glass: Angmering; Arundel; Brighton and Hove, – St Patrick Designed by Butterfield); Hastings, – All Saints; Iford (?); Pett; Worthing, – St Mary, Broadwater

I A Gibbs W W Howard Gibbs and HowardIsaac Alexander Gibbs junior (1849-99) was the youngest son of Isaac Alexander Gibbs senior and appears to have assisted his brother, Alexander (see this section above),after Alexander had set up his own business, probably in the earlier 1860s in view of his age. Subsequently he went into partnership with William Wallace Howard (1856-after 1915), the son of a banker. The earliest documentary reference to the business is in 1879, when they were at 64 Charlotte Street (KD/L), though it is stated to have started in 1873 and there is a window by them at Houghton St Giles, Norfolk that is dated 1877. Subsequently they moved to Great Portland Street, where Howard continued alone after Gibbs’s death (KD/L) until about 1915. The firm also made tiles.Glass: Herstmonceux; Seaford

‘Gibbs and Co’A company of this name produced some painted decoration at Ovingdean church in 1893, but it is not at all clear whether it is one of the various known companies of this name and if so which one (see immediately above). The responsible artist was named as A Saville, about whom equally little is known for certain, though some conjecture is possible. Painting: Ovingdean

J GibsonJohn Gibson (1790-1866) started as a cabinetmaker. Whilst still an apprentice in Liverpool, he took up marble carving. He went to London and then Rome, where he was taught by Antonio Canova (1757-1822) and then the great Danish master Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770-1844). He spent the rest of his life there, living frugally and carving mostly works inspired by the classics. Many of these he sent back to Britain, which he visited only fleetingly, though unsurprisingly there is a concentration of his works in Lancashire. Nevertheless, his reputation was high and he became a Royal Academician in 1836. He continued to work in a neo-classical idiom after most sculptors had abandoned it and started in 1846 to use colour in his work.Lit: Eastlake, Lady: Life of John Gibson, 1870; DNBMemorial: Pulborough

C E GilesCharles Edmund Giles (1822-1881) was born at Frome, Somerset, but at the age of 14 he was articled to a London architect, Henry Shaw (there is a Henry Shaw of 25 New Bond Street, but he is only recorded as a practising architect between 1868 and 1914). This arrangement proved highly unsatisfactory and though he transferred to another architect, known only by his surname, Alexander, he was no better. Thus in 1842 Giles returned to Frome, where he purchased a ten-year partnership with Richard Carver (c1792-1862) of Taunton, a prolific designer of churches and county surveyor of Somerset. Although Giles became Carver’s son-in-law, this partnership proved to be yet another cause of dissatisfaction and in 1849 Giles gave it up prematurely. After this he worked on his own, mostly in the county, and by 1853 was taking pupils, including his subsequent partner R Gane (see this section above). Giles worked prolifically on churches and other buildings, many of them in or near Frome, even after in 1856 he had moved to London, where he established both his main residence and a branch of the practice. This appears to have been the main one thereafter, and even though most of the buildings he designed were in the West Country, he worked on churches and at least one school as far away as Lincolnshire. He also designed some buildings in London itself and also a church at Ventnor, Isle of Wight. That was in 1861-62, at which time, however, he was said still to be ‘of Taunton’, although the earlier 1860s wre to prove his most prolific period overall. In 1865 he took his former assistant Walter Robinson (who cannot be more fully identified) as a partner, since his health was starting to give way, and in that year they restored Chewton Mendip church, Somerset. Giles moved his place of residence to Shenfield, Essex in 1866 and resigned from the RIBA in 1868, but he remained professionally active and in the following year Robinson, who was said to be a drinker, was replaced as partner by Gane. In 1873 Giles’s continuing ill-health caused him to retire altogether, handing the practice over to Gane, though it continued to be known as Giles and Gane, e g in 1875 when Gane worked on a church at Midsomer Norton, Somerset. Giles’s only known later work was some alterations to a house in Churchill, Somerset for his brother in 1877. After retirement he travelled extensively on the continent and died at Rome. My thanks to Julian Orbach for most of the above information about both Giles and Gane. Lit: BAL Biog fileRestored: Storrington (1872)

E GillArthur Eric Rowton Gill (always known as Eric) (1882-1940) was born in Brighton, the son of a clergyman who became vicar of West Wittering. After initial training at Chichester, he was apprenticed to W D Caröe as an architect, but even before he left Caröe’s office his interests had moved to letter-cutting and design and he never practised. Later he was also famed as a sculptor and draughtsman and his work is in Westminster cathedral and on public buildings in London, including Broadcasting House. He was a member of the Art Workers Guild and while living from 1907 to 1924 at Ditchling Common, he was instrumental in establishing the Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic, an association of independent Roman Catholic craftsmen. During this period he produced a considerable body of work in Sussex, much of it in Anglican churches, but after he moved away to Wales this dropped markedly. This was to the benefit of his pupil J Cribb, who took over responsibility for the Guild which was only wound up in 1989. Gill wrote extensively and was the elder brother of M Gill (see immediately below).Lit: E R Gill: The Inscriptional Work of Eric Gill, 1964; F McCarthy: Eric Gill, 1989Fittings etc: Bognor Regis, – St Wilfrid, symbols of the Evangelists (probably); Ditchling, sundialInscriptions: Ovingdean; Rye; Westdean (E)Memorials: Amberley; Bognor Regis, – St Wilfrid; Burgess Hill, – St John: Burpham; Ditchling (3); Eastdean (E); Harting, war memorial; Iden; Mayfield; Newick; Poling; Steyning; Storrington (3); Walberton; Westmeston; West Grinstead; West Wittering, war memorial; Wivelsfield (2)

M GillLeslie Macdonald Gill (1884-1947) was born in Brighton and was always known by his second name which was usually shortened to Max. He was Eric Gill’s (see immediately above) younger brother and was first articled to Leonard Pilkington,(1860-1909) an architect in Bognor, where his father was curate of St Wilfrid’s church at the time. Thereafter he moved to London, where he worked as an assistant for Sir C Nicholson and H C Corlette from 1903 to 1908 when he started his own practice. He was to retain premises in London for the rest of his life, but after World War I he moved back to Sussex, where he later built his own house at West Wittering since his father was now vicar there. Before that, in 1924, his practice was in Chichester (KD) and he was a member of the Imperial War Graves Commission. In 1927 he undertook the painted decoration of the chancel of Edward Schroeder Prior’s (1852-1932) St Andrew, Roker, County Durham, probably because Prior also lived in Chichester Like his brother, he was a member of the Art Workers Guild and also like him devoted himself increasingly to lettering and the graphic arts – his inscriptions were mostly carved by J Cribb. In his lifetime he was best known for his maps and prospects of areas and buildings, which were often decorated with figures and other graphics. He did a considerable amount of work for London Transport and also painted murals. He was buried at Streat.Sources::www.macdonaldgill.com; obit: The Times 16 Jan 1947Designed: Findon Valley (first church – 1935-36); Crawley, – St Richard, Three Bridges (1934 – first church, since replaced)Restored: Binsted (1932);Chichester, – St Bartholomew (1921-29); Southbourne (1925)

T GilliamTony Gilliam is a glass engraver whose studio is at Alresford, Hampshire. He has designed quite a few types of objects, including windows in various techniques. He first trained as an illustrator and only became a self-taught engraver some 30 years later. Since 1990 he has been a Fellow of the Guild of Glass Engravers. Glass window: Clayton

L J GinnettLouis John Ginnett (1875-1946) was born in Leamington, but was raised mainly in Brighton. After study in London and Paris, he became a successful painter, whose portraits were particularly esteemed. For nearly 40 years he lived at Ditchling where he was a leading member of the artistic community that developed there; among those with whom he was closely associated was C Knight, initially a pupil. Ginnett taught for many years at the Brighton School of Art and was responsible for the large series of murals at the former Brighton and Hove Grammar school. In style, many of his paintings show the rather hard light and almost exaggerated realism of contemporaries like Meredith Frampton (1894-1984). He also designed stained glass, some of it made by the Warham Guild and Cox and Barnard. Glass: Burgess Hill, – St Andrew; Sayers Common; SteyningPaintings: Hove, – St Patrick (stations of the cross – designed) W GlasbyWilliam Glasby (1863-1941) was the son of a warehouse-porter and spent his youth in Battersea. He was apprenticed to J Powell and Sons in 1876 and rose to be their chief painter. H Holiday insisted that he be used for his own work for the company and in 1891, when living in Hampstead, he joined Holiday’s new workshop after he left Powell’s. By about 1897 Glasby was producing his own designs in a style heavily influenced by Holiday and began also to work for Morris and Co as a painter, which he did increasingly after Holiday had closed his business in 1906. He was in business on his own account from around 1919, making other fittings besides stained glass; amongst the media in which he worked, was a form of mosaic. He worked from addresses in Kensington and later Putney, but in 1939 he moved to Horsham. Before starting his own business he designed glass for W B Simpson (e g at Herstmonceux) though otherwise he generally used Lowndes and Drury to make his glass, which never lost its essentially late Victorian character. After his death, the business was carried on for a while by his two daughters, neither of whom married, Daisy (1886-1961, listed as a glasspainter in 1911) and Phyllis (1893-1975),who both moved in 1946 to Henfield, where they died. Lit: D Green, D Hadley and J Hadley: The Life and Work of William Glasby, JSG 32 (2008) pp91-107Glass: Brighton and Hove, – St Matthias; Dallington; Herstmonceux; Pulborough; Worthing, – St Matthew Memorial: Eastbourne, – St Philip, war memorial (attr)

I L GloagIsabel Lilian Gloag (1865-1917) was born in London, the daughter of parents said to have been of Scottish ancestry, though her mother was born in Australia and her father in India. She studied in London (at the Slade School among others) and Paris. She had her own studio in London by 1893 and her work is largely pre-Raphaelite in inspiration. Particularly around 1900, she also produced designs for stained glass, which were mostly for M Lowndes, so her glass was made by Lowndes and Drury. She suffered from ill-health for most of her life and in 1911 was living with her widowed mother, but she became a popular book-illustrator, whose works are still available in reproduction today.Glass: Henfield (attr)

Goddard and GibbsThe firm was formed in the 1930s by the merger of two older companies; one of them was Walter Gibbs, founded in 1868 and formerly at Shoreditch. The works of the merged company were initially at Stratford, E15 but today it is based at Corsham, Wiltshire and the older firm of J Hardman and Co has become part of the group. After World War II they were much involved in repairing and replacing war damage and they continue to restore old glass. For 24 years A E Buss (AEB) was chief designer, followed from 1970 to 1997 by John Nicholas Lawson (1932-2009), son of W Lawson. Under Lawson, the firm undertook a number of major projects including the west window of Henry VII’s Chapel at Westminster Abbey and several in the Middle East. The company’s glass of this time is to be found in both secular buildings such as offices and in churches. Unsurprisingly in view of its former location, it is well represented in east London. Other designers used by the company have included G B Cooper-Abbs, D Smart and C Swash.Lit: J Lawson: Faith Craft Works and Goddard & Gibbs Studio Ltd, JSG 23 (1999) pp55-61Glass: Crawley, – St Alban; Eastbourne, – St Elisabeth; Felpham; Lewes, – St Anne; Lodsworth; New Shoreham; Ninfield; Pevensey Bay (AEB); Wartling; Worthing, – St Matthew

A GodfreyAngela Godfrey (b1959) studied in Newcastle and has been active as a sculptor and a teacher. Much of her work has been for churches, in Ireland as well as England and she has designed and carved fittings of stone for at least two Roman Catholic churches in east London. She now lives in Roydon, Essex.Sculpture: Horsham, – St John, Broadbridge Heath

W E GodfreyWalter Emil Godfrey (1913-82) was the son of W H Godfrey (see immediately below) and lived for many years in Lewes. He studied architecture at the Regent Street Polytechnic and after World War II went into partnership with Andrew Carden (1910-96), with a particular view to undertaking the restoration of war-damaged churches and other buildings. Outside this practice, he appears also to have worked with his father on some projects of a similar kind, such as the restoration of the Temple Church. As with his father, the practice specialised in restoring and adapting historic buildings, including Fishbourne Roman Palace and the Bishop’s Palace at Chichester, though it has also done a relatively small amount of new work. Between 1951 and 1982 N McFadyen (N McF) was also present and in the 1970s his name was incorporated in the partnership. Carden and Godfrey still exists in Clerkenwell (see R Andrews and R James) and the works listed below are certainly not all the practice has undertaken in Sussex.Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Times 16 Aug 1982Designed: Brighton and Hove, – St Richard, Hangleton (1960-61)Restored/Repaired/Extended: Beddingham (1957-58); Bishopstone (1952-54 – with father); Brightling (1966); Etchingham (1962-67); Hammerwood (1963); Lewes, – St John-sub-Castro (2016 – planned); – St Michael (1982 – N McF responsible); Poynings (1963); Rodmell (1950-51); Southease (1949-50); Tarring Neville (1957); Tidebrook (2009-10)

W H GodfreyWalter Hindes Godfrey (1881-1961) is today best known as a historian, a writer about Sussex churches and the town of Lewes and as founder of the National Buildings (now Monuments) Record. He was a pupil of James Williams, the surviving partner of George Devey (1820-86), and he and another pupil, Edmund Livingstone Wratten (1877-1925) took the practice over and renamed it in 1905. Initially, they continued to design large houses. Even after Wratten’s death his name was retained and in 1938 the practice was at Church Lane, Lewes (KD/S), where Godfrey lived at Bull House, about which he wrote. Before founding the NMR Godfrey was active in the London Topographical Society. Increasingly he became known for his restoration and conservation work, as much on secular buildings as churches. In the 1930s the former included Herstmonceux castle but though he worked extensively in Sussex, his work is to be found as far afield as Sudeley castle,. Gloucestershire. Following the destruction of historic buildings in World War II, much of his later work comprised the repair of bombed buildings. Some of the latter projects were carried out in conjunction with his son, W E Godfrey (see immediately above) and they also worked together on some church restorations, though they were never formally partners.Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Times 18 Sept 1961Restored/altered: Bishopstone (1952-54 – with son); Boxgrove (1931); Friston (1920s); Hamsey (1928 – attr); Keymer (nd); Lewes, – St Anne (1927); Plumpton (1932); Seaford (1938); Up Marden (1924 – attr); Westham (c1937 – attr); Worthing, – St Symphorian, Durrington (1941); Yapton (1939-41) Fittings: Alfriston (choir stalls – with Wratten)

C R B Godman Godman and Kay Charles Richard Bayly Godman (1879-1946) was from 1907 partner of F Wheeler and his son in Horsham (KD). By 1921 both Wheelers were in London and the partnership was dissolved. From then until his death Godman’s partner was Claude John Kay (1878-1969), Wheeler’s former assistant. They built many banks and houses and the practice continues under the same name at Cowfold, close to Horsham and it has remained active in the field of churches. In 1949 the partner concerned with such work was E W Owen (EWO) and in the 1960s and 1970s L H Parsons (LHP) and N F Gossage (see this section below) (NFG) were both active. In 1994 S Reid was the responsible partner for work at Findon church.Lit: BAL Biog fileDesigned: Littlehampton, – St James (1908-10 – with Wheeler; alterations in 1949 by EWO) Restored/altered: Brighton and Hove, – St Luke, Prestonville (1968-69 by NFG); Coldwaltham (1923-25 – as G and Kay); Itchingfield (1962 – LHP); Lower Beeding (1949 – as G and K, but Godman was dead); Patcham (1970 – LHP); Petworth (1935 – as G and Kay); Slinfold (1974-75 – LHP); Southwater (1909-10 and 1974-75 – as G and Kay – the latter repairs were by LHP)

J GoldsmithJoseph Goldsmith, is known for certain only from a single reference of 1810, which calls him ‘the younger’,and is presumably connected with James Goldsmith of Lewes, joiner, who is listed in the Universal BritishDirectory (1793) and probably also with James Goldsmith senior (LBPB 1826). However, he is most likely to be the Joseph Goldsmith listed in the LBPB for 1796 without any details except his occupation of carpenter Both Joseph and James, in turn, are probably related to T Goldsmith (see immediately below), also of Lewes.Renovated: Beddingham (1810)

T GoldsmithThomas Goldsmith (1805-75) is in LBPB from 1826 (called ‘junior’) to 1847 at Spring Gardens, Lewes. He was generally described as a carpenter, except in 1841, when he was put down as a yeoman. However, in fact he carried on the business of a wheelwright at various addresses in Southover. Joseph (see immediately above) and James Goldsmith, the latter a joiner, are probably related.Refitted: Lewes (Southover) (1845)

H GoodallThere is an attribution, now thought to be almost certainly erroneous, of a stained glass window at Alfriston to ‘H Goodall’. The more likely of two possible candidates was considered to be Herbert Goodall (1852-1907), He was a member of an artistic family, specifically the son of Frederick Goodall RA (1822-1904), a successful artist particularly known for his Orientalist works. The son trained as an architect in G E Street‘s office, where he was afterwards an assistant for a time. However, he also studied at the RA Schools and spent most of his life as a painter. He specialised in watercolours, especially landscapes and there is no indication of his having designed stained glass. Nevertheless, he would have been a far more plausible candidate than the alternative, the firm of Herbert A Goodall and Co, who were in Shoe Lane, City by 1902, though with no suggestion of involvement in stained glass. Until the 1920s they called themselves ‘manufacturers and merchants’ and by 1930 they were in Vauxhall Bridge Road, described as brush manufacturers and hardware merchants. They disappear from directories after 1934.Source: www.goodallartists.caGlass: Alfriston (attr wrongly)H S Goodhart-RendelHarry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel (1887-1959) was an architect of private means, who after studying music at Cambridge and under the French composer Andre Messager (1853-1929) in Paris, was articled briefly to Sir C Nicholson, but was otherwise largely self-taught when he set up his own practice in 1911. His father died young and he added his mother’s name Rendel in recognition of the life interest in a substantial estate that he received from her father. He wrote perceptively about Victorian architecture when it was deeply unfashionable. In the case of Sussex, he produced a series of articles in the Architectural Review in 1918 on C19 Brighton churches. His card index of Victorian churches (now in the BAL), remains a valuable source. He also wrote on church design and belonged to the Art Workers Guild and the Committee of Consulting Architects of the ICBS, the latter until he became a Roman Catholic. Many of his churches combine a generally traditional approach to planning with more contemporary detailing; Elain Harwood has summed it up neatly in her comment that he used every device of the gothic except the pointed arch. His secular work reveals his interest in contemporary Scandinavian and Dutch architects more obviously and despite his declared aversion to the Modern Movement, some of his larger projects in the 1930s, such as the Hays Wharf building on London’s south bank, show its influence. He never entirely lost a reputation for frivolity, as shown in his musical interests, which as a result perhaps of his association with Messager, inclined towards Victorian light music. Pevsner in his preface to Some Architectural Writers of the Nineteenth Century deplored his failure to produce a promised fuller study to follow his much admired English Architecture sincethe Regency and remarked that he lacked stamina. In Pevsner’s eyes that would have been demonstrated sufficiently by Goodhart-Rendel’s attitude to the Modern Movement. However, he was sufficiently esteemed among his fellow-architects to be elected President of the RIBA in 1937-39.Lit: T Devonshire Jones: Romanesque Renewal, CBg 118 (July/Aug 2009) pp56-57; A Powers (ed): H S Goodhart-Rendel 1887-1959, 1987; DNBDesigned: Brighton and Hove, – St Wilfrid (1933-34 – secularised and altered); Hastings, – St John Upper Maze Hill (1951-58) Restored: Nuthurst (1951); Stansted (1925 and 1947)Fitting: Winchelsea, reredos

A GoodmanAnn (or Annie) Goodman is first recorded as a glass-designer in 1982. She trained at Goldsmiths College, London and in Brighton and is also a painter, as well as producing books. Much of her work is in the area round Steyning.Glass: Brighton and Hove, – St Mary; Steyning; Sullington; West Itchenor

A Goslett and CoAlfred Goslett and Co were founded in 1835 as glass merchants and Goslett’s Yard, off Charing Cross Road, still commemorates them. In 1880 they are described as glass merchants in Soho Square, which is very close by, so it is quite possible that they had not moved when in 1903 they were referred to as builders merchants in Charing Cross Road. There they remained until at least 1941. Like other later C19 London glass merchants, they dealt in glass for churches, though this was probably bought in. Glass: South Bersted

N F GossageNeil Frederick Gossage (1908-72) was one of at least two members of the long-established practice of Godman and Kay (see this section above), who were responsible in the 1960s for church work.Repaired: Brighton and Hove, – St Luke, PrestonvilleL M Gotch Gotch and PartnersLaurence Mursell Gotch (1881-1964) was a pupil of his uncle, John Alfred Gotch of Kettering (1852-1942), before spending four years in Canada. On return, he continued to work in Northamptonshire – his latest recorded work there dates from 1936 and he also worked for the Midland Bank and with Lutyens on major projects. After 1945 he founded Gotch and Partners in Brighton and London, which still existed under this name in 1969 (KD/Brighton), though its work after he retired in 1955 is by others. In about 1972 it was renamed Wells-Thorpe and Partners. in recognition of the fact that since the late 1950s, the practice had effectively been led by J Wells-Thorpe (J W-T).Designed: Brighton and Hove, Resurrection, South Woodingdean (1958-59 – J W-T)Repaired: Patcham, All Saints (1967); Pyecombe (1970-72 – completed as Wells-Thorpe and Partners)

A D GoughAlexander Dick Gough (1804-71), after travel on the continent, became a pupil of Benjamin Dean Wyatt (1775-1852) and worked with him on several major projects in London, including Apsley House and the Duke of York’s column. He remained as Wyatt’s assistant until 1836, when he went into partnership with his fellow pupil, Robert Lewis Roumieu (1814-77), after whom his third son, Hugh Roumieu Gough (1843-1904), also an architect, was named. Despite their classical grounding, they designed gothic churches, many of which are of wilful originality, along with schools, houses and other public buildings, though in the 1840s Gough was also much involved in the planning and construction of new railways. There are grounds for suspecting that many of the less conventional aspects of the works that he and Roumieu designed jointly were the contribution of the latter. After the partnership ended in 1848, A D Gough continued on his own until he was joined by his two sons, the elder another Alexander Dick (1841-1900(?)) and Hugh Roumieu. In due course they took over the practice, though Alexander junior’s role may have been short-lived – in 1871 and 1891 the only person of the right name and age was in a mental asylum. The father lived in Islington and then other parts of north and west London, as well as being surveyor to several small railway companies.Obit: The Builder 29 p749; DNBDesigned: Hastings, – Christ Church, Ore (1858-59) Restored: Winchelsea (1850 – plans)

D GrantDuncan James Corrowr (sic) Grant (1885-1978) was of Scottish descent and after a conventional schooling studied painting in Paris. Back in London he became closely involved with the Bloomsbury group, notably with V Bell, with whom he lived for the rest of his life and had a daughter, despite many homosexual relationships. As an artist, after a period before World War I close to the avant garde, he reverted to figures and landscapes for the rest of his long life. He and Vanessa lived at Charleston Manor and are buried at West Firle.Lit: R Shone: The Art of Bloomsbury, 1999; DNBPaintings: Berwick

W L GrantWilliam Leonard Grant (1850-1942) was born in Wiltshire, where he was articled to Henry Weaver (1816/17-86), who was county surveyor and surveyor to the diocese of Salisbury. By 1881 Grant had a practice at Sittingbourne in Kent where he was still active in 1914 (WWA) and continued to live in retirement. He designed many buildings in that area and designed or altered a number of churches, including Catholic and nonconformist ones. In addition, he was active in local public life, as surveyor and sanitary inspector, churchwarden and school manager. In later life he went into partnership with Thomas Francis Wiltshire Grant (1885-1965) his son. It is not known what his professional relationship to C S Spooner was, with whom he worked on the completion of Rye Harbour.Lit: BAL Biog fileAltered: Rye Harbour (1911-12)

G K GrayGeorge Edward Kruger Gray (1880-1943), who was born Kruger, took his wife’s maiden name on marriage in 1918, possibly because of anti-German prejudice, though his father came from the Channel Islands and he was born in Kensington; his new name is also found with a hyphen. His studies culminated at the Royal College of Art, where he was taught stained glass design by C Whall and more generally trained by William Richard Lethaby (1857-1931). An accomplished watercolourist, Gray’s glass designs, in a technique described as ‘somewhat ‘hard and insensitive’ in his obituary, show his skills to best advantage. He was interested in liturgical development and designed a few fittings (not in Sussex), but he came increasingly to specialise in heraldic designs. In addition to seals and other such devices, he designed coins for Britain and several other countries of the Empire. A member of the Art Workers Guild, he lived mostly in London, but died at Chichester and there is a memorial window to him in Fittleworth church.Obit: The Times 4 May 1943; DNBGlass: Upper Dicker

J GrayJane Campbell Gray (born Jane Ross in 1931) trained at Kingston School of Art and then the Royal College of Art under L Lee. She was his assistant for a total of eight years at his studio at New Malden, including the time in which he was working on the glass he was commissioned to make for Coventry cathedral. She then opened her own studio and now lives and works in Shropshire. See under J Ross for her works.

F E GreenFrancis Ernest Green (1902-73) was born in London, the son of the secretary of a railway company who had himself been born at Seaford. This previous link with Sussex may have led to the son becoming an architect in Hove, though there is no certain record of him there before 1961. Professional details beyond the two churches below are few; in particular, the circumstances of his training are not known.Completed: Lancing, – St Michael (1958-59)Repaired: Clayton (1963)

H J GreenHerbert John Green (1852-1918) was born near Ipswich and was a pupil of Sir A W Blomfield before joining his office. His first recorded restoration of a church was at Hemingford Abbots, Huntingdonshire in 1872-76. At that time he was said to be ‘of London’ and he is known to have had an address in Lincolns Inn Fields in 1881. However, by that year he was also in practice in Norwich, where as Diocesan Surveyor he did much work on churches in Norfolk and Suffolk, mostly between the mid-1870s and the 1890s, as well as designing at least one hotel (now gone) at Sheringham. In 1894 he was judged bankrupt (BN 64p335), but references to him as an architect continue thereafter and he was living in the same house in Norwich in 1911 as he had in 1891. As late as 1908 he was still the Diocesan Surveyor when he restored the church of St Swithun, Noewich and in the same year he designed a new county hall in the Georgian style for the Isle of Ely at March. At his death he left over £6000, yet more evidence of his having retrieved his fortunes.Extended: Forest Row (1877)

T GreenThomas Green (c1659-c1730?) was a leading statuary in Camberwell by 1697. He was responsible for some of the largest and most elaborate early C18 church monuments, which are widely scattered through England. However, he also worked in a simpler vein, as his only work in Sussex shows. Mainly in his final years, he was also noted as a heraldic carver, especially of the Royal Arms for public buildings.Memorial: Ticehurst

T GreenshieldsThomas Greenshields (1801/02(?)-after 1845) initially practised in Reading, but moved to Oxford, where he appears in directories (PD) of 1830 and 1842; in 1841 he was living in St John’s Street. He designed a number of vicarages and rectories in the south of England, but otherwise most of his surviving work is in Oxford and he restored several churches in Oxfordshire. He is not to be found in the city after 1845, but there is no reliable record of his death. Moreover, there is an isolated reference in 1851 to a Thomas Greenshields in Randwick, Gloucestershire (born 1801/02 in Middlesex) who described himself as an architectural civil engineer and who could well be the same man, though the lack of any other reference makes the identification unprovable.Rebuilt: Iping (1840)

F GrigsFrancis Grigs is suggested as the sculptor of one monument at Wadhurst, dated 1651. It is advanced in style for the date with various coloured marbles. At Framlingham, Suffolk Grigs signs a similarly impressive monument with the date 1638, which according to Margaret Whinney is his only known work, though there is also a signed brass of 1640, now at Monkhopton, Shropshire. The combination of a brass effigy with sculpture is frequently found at thia time and if the work at Wadhurst and others attributed to him are indeed by his hand, he was clearly an established mason with a substantial career, almost certainly based in London. However, he is not listed in Gunnis or Roscoe, so his identity remains unclarified.Memorial: Wadhurst (attr)

R GrimshawRosalind Grimshaw (b1945) trained with J Bell and Son of Bristol and worked for them until the company closed in 1996, though at the same time she also made glass on her own account. Subsequently she went into partnership with Patrick Costeloe, also a trainee of Joseph Bell and Son, with whom she shares a studio in Clifton.and with whom she collaborates on occasion..Glass: Balcombe; Scaynes Hill

J GristJames Grist (1809-76) is described in 1841, 1851 and 1855 (KD/S) as a builder and stonemason of Midhurst and in 1861 was also High Bailiff. In 1867 he is given as a surveyor, in 1871 a master mason, whilst in that year and 1874 KD/S calls him a builder. Whatever his precise trade, by 1871 he owned a substantial business, employing 40 men and five boys. At Lodsworth he was working with A Brown, who was described as surveyor, and Grist was said to have been the builder, but in view of his later career, his involvement in the design cannot be excluded.Reconstructed: Lodsworth (1840-42 and later)

M A E GrosholzH F Price of Weston-super-Mare had a partner identified only as ‘Grosholz’ of whom there are mentions between 1875 and 1877 (KD/Somerset 1875 and BA 4 (27 Nov 1875) p vii) and whose name is also found as ‘Gropholz’. This must be Matthias August Edward Grosholz (1851-78) of whose baptism in Baden, Germany in 1851 there is a record. It is not known why he left Germany, but he was in England by 1873 when he married an English wife in Norfolk and the following year he was an executor of his sister’s will. At that time they were both living at Baden House, Kewstoke, Somerset, a house-name and a location that further support the identification. Despite his youth, he had acquired an architectural training, for there is an announcement (London Gazette 24 October 1873) of the dissolution of his partnership with Joseph Houghton Spencer (1844-1914) of Taunton and Weston-super-Mare. This partnership must have been of short duration, like that with Price which followed,; one further project by Price and Grosholz together is known, the completion of Christ Church, Weston-super-Mare in 1877. Grosholz had three children, the last born in 1878, but it seems that he went to New Zealand soon after the ending of his partnership with Price, for there is a record of his burial in Wellington the following year. His widow and family continued to live in England.Restored: Cowfold (1876-77 – with Price)

L GrosséLtdLouis Grossé Ltd, a firm of church suppliers, is found in England from 1911 to its closure in 1980, but can be traced back to a business established at Bruges, Belgium in 1783. This expanded its range of activities and lasted until at least the late C19, when the firm of L Grosse-De Herde of that city supplied stained glass to the church of All Saints, Southend on Sea, Essex. There is also an altar-frontal in Hereford cathedral, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1873 which is also ascribed to the Bruges company, but without the De Herde. The precise relationship of the two companies is not clear, though the London one also prospered and became a leading importer and supplier of fittings, mostly in the Italian, Spanish and French styles which came to be preferred by Anglo-Catholic churches. Their vestments and altar-frontals were especially renowned and it is probable that much of this was supplied from Bruges. On the other hand, glass known to be by the company was possibly bought in. The name is often found without the accent and in 1911 they had premises in Baker Street, London. They moved twenty years later to Manchester Square, their address in 1939, and thence to Manchester Street.Fittings: Crawley, – St Peter, West Green, rood; Eastbourne, – St Saviour, statue

J T GrovesJohn Thomas Groves (c1761-1811) was the son of a builder in London, who decided on the same career. However, it would appear that he had artistic interests, for he exhibited views at the Royal Academy and visited Italy. On return, he was appointed Clerk of Works for St James’s, Westminster and Whitehall. Such an appointment brought him into contact with the Surveyor, J Wyatt, whose cavalier conduct of official business was matched by that of Groves. He also had an extensive private practice, mostly domestic in nature.Lit: DNBCompleted: East Grinstead, – St Swithun (1811)

H GryllsHarry Grylls (1873-1953) took over the family business of Burlison and Grylls after the death of his father, Thomas John Grylls (1845-1913), one of its founders, and his death was followed by the closure of the firm, after a final upsurge of activity after World War II. Grylls corresponded extensively with leading church architects and artists during this period. In addition to work for the family firm, he appears also to have worked on his own as a designer. Glass: East Grinstead, – St Swithun

GuercinoFrancesco Barbieri (1591-1666), known as Guercino, was born near Bologna, where he was trained. He worked extensively there and in Rome, producing large altarpieces and mythological works. The latter were especially prized in C18 England.Painting: Netherfield (after)

F GunbyFrancis Gunby was a Yorkshire craftsman in both wood and plaster, who is found during the 1630s. To him are attributed the fittings of St John, Briggate, Leeds, some of the finest of their period in the country (made 1632-34) and a ceiling at Temple Newsam house, now on the outskirts of the city..Fitting: Rotherfield, pulpit (previously at Bishopsthorpe palace near York)