..As the lateral horn has been implicated in innate responses to repellent odorants, we propose that MB-V2 neurons recruit the olfactory pathway involved in innate odor avoidance during memory retrieval...

A pair of inhibitory neurons are required to sustain labile memory in the Drosophila mushroom body

..Immunohistological analysis showed that mushroom bodies are densely innervated by dopaminergic axons. Thus, the circuit from the dopamine system to mushroom bodies is crucial for choice behavior in Drosophila...

Amphiphysin is necessary for organization of the excitation-contraction coupling machinery of muscles, but not for synaptic vesicle endocytosis in Drosophila

Amphiphysins 1 and 2 are enriched in the mammalian brain and are proposed to recruit dynamin to sites of endocytosis. Shorter amphiphysin 2 splice variants are also found ubiquitously, with an enrichment in skeletal muscle...

..dap160 mutant synapses have decreased levels of essential endocytic proteins, including dynamin, endophilin, synaptojanin, and AP180, while other markers of the active zone and periactive zone are generally ..

A molecular pathway for light-dependent photoreceptor apoptosis in Drosophila

..Together, these data define the proapoptotic molecules in Drosophila photoreceptors and indicate a novel signaling pathway for light-activated rhodopsin molecules in control of photoreceptor viability...

..Oscillations were weakened by ARM-inducing massed training and were enhanced during LTM formation. Our results indicate that oscillations of two pairs of dopaminergic neurons control ARM levels and gate LTM...

Synchronized endocytosis studied in the oocyte of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Drosophila melanogaster

T TsuruharaDivision of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010Cell Tissue Res 259:199-207. 1990

..The observations suggest that these organelles transform one into another within this sequence...

..Our results suggest that in associative conditioning, different memories are formed of the same odor under different circumstances, and that they are linked to the respective motivational systems by their specific modulatory pathways...

..We propose that these proteins polarize trafficking of Cadherin-containing exocyst vesicles during junction remodeling. This may be a common mechanism for the action of planar cell polarity proteins in diverse systems...

..Eps15 is enriched in the larval neuromuscular junction in endocytic 'hot spots' in a pattern similar to Dynamin. Eps15 mutants show a decrease in the alpha-Adaptin levels at the larval neuromuscular junction synapse...

..We also suggest that endocytosis and exocytosis might not be important for membrane remodeling. This system should be suitable for analysis of defects in male sterile mutants and for investigating other steps of spermatogenesis...

..Using dynamin;endo double-mutant photoreceptors, we provide further evidence that ultimately the function of Endophilin is ..

Synaptotagmin I is necessary for compensatory synaptic vesicle endocytosis in vivo

Kira E PoskanzerDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, USANature 426:559-63. 2003

..By inactivating Syt I only during endocytosis, we demonstrate that Syt I is necessary for the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles that have undergone exocytosis using a functional Syt I protein...

Endocytic trafficking of Wingless and its receptors, Arrow and DFrizzled-2, in the Drosophila wing

..Altogether, the efficiency of effector genes depends on properties of the targeted neurons. Thus, we conclude that the selection of the appropriate effector gene is critical for evaluating the function of neural circuits...

..At low contrast, L1 and L2 depend upon each other for motion processing. Of the two minor pathways, amc/T1 specifically enhances the L1 pathway at intermediate contrast. L3 appears not to contribute to motion but to orientation behavior...

The endocytic pathway and formation of the Wingless morphogen gradient

By screening for mutants exhibiting interactions with a dominant-negative dynamin, we have identified the Drosophila homologue of receptor-mediated endocytosis (Rme) 8, a J-domain-containing protein previously shown to be required for ..

b>Dynamin is a GTPase protein that is essential for clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membranes. The Drosophila dynamin mutation shi(ts1) changes a single residue (G273D) at the boundary of the GTPase domain...

..have been previously implicated in cellularization and/or cytokinesis, including KLP3A, Anillin, Septins, and Dynamin. We now show that a novel MMAP, Lava Lamp (Lva), is also required for cellularization...

Requirements for presenilin-dependent cleavage of notch and other transmembrane proteins

G StruhlDepartment of Genetics and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USAMol Cell 6:625-36. 2000

..Hence, Notch, beta-APP, and perhaps other proteins may be targeted for Presenilin-mediated transmembrane cleavage by upstream processing events that sever the extracellular domain from the rest of the protein...

Synaptic vesicle size and number are regulated by a clathrin adaptor protein required for endocytosis

..Cytochalasin D treatment eliminated the reserve pool and reduced synaptic transmission evoked by high frequency stimulation. Thus, the reserve pool may play a crucial role for sustaining high frequency synaptic transmission...

..of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of mutant L3 larvae carrying the temperature-sensitive allele of dynamin, shibire. D-endoA null mutants show severe defects in motility and die at the early L2 larval stage...

Drosophila Amphiphysin is implicated in protein localization and membrane morphogenesis but not in synaptic vesicle endocytosis

A C ZelhofInstitute of Neuroscience, HHMI, University of Oregon 1254, Eugene, OR 97403, USADevelopment 128:5005-15. 2001

..The strong misexpression phenotype coupled with the mild mutant and lack of phenotypes suggests that Amphiphysin acts redundantly with other proteins to organize specialized membrane domains within a diverse array of cell types...

Multiple forms of dynamin are encoded by shibire, a Drosophila gene involved in endocytosis

The function of the GTPase dynamin has been discussed for several years. It clearly plays a role in vesicle budding, but, despite recent insights, precisely how it functions in this process is still a matter of debate...

..Before presenting this data and the significance of the finding for the regulation of neurotransmission, we will briefly review the use of Drosophila genetics as a tool for dissecting synaptic transmission...