It is a curious fact of our federal system that state courts are not required to follow the rulings of lower federal courts. However, lower state courts are required to follow the rulings of state supreme courts. The Alabama Supreme Court ruled that the state Constitution does not offend the U.S. Constitution.

A lower federal court ruled that it does, but enjoined only the state's attorney general from enforcing it. As you state, the federal judge may well make the same ruling in other cases, but that does not make her decision binding upon Alabama courts.

Lower courts in Alabama are thus required to continue to follow the ruling of the Alabama Supreme Court. I think Moore's conduct in general is reprehensible, but on this legal issue he is correct.

Rustin was part of Martin Luther King Jr.'s inner circle and was credited with influencing King's Gandhi-like peaceful protest philosophy. He organized the March on Washington and was also deeply involved in the Selma, Ala., march.

In fact, Thomas might not be where he is today if it were not for people like Rustin.