..We must avoid any disjunction between new upstream policy level interventions and the methods used to measure their effect--appropriate unto the intervention level must be the evaluation method thereof...

..A more theoretically based multilevel approach to diabetes, outlined for the 21st century, has an almost exclusive downstream curative focus, that ranges from midstream preventive programmes to upstream healthy public policy...

..Cross-sectional analyses indicate greatest bone strength among black men, and greater age-related differences in bone strength among Hispanic men than other subjects at the narrow neck and intertrochanter regions of the proximal femur...

A new surrogate variable for erectile dysfunction status in the Massachusetts male aging study

..In the present article, we report the results of a new discriminant function, based on the MMAS men at follow-up. We also compare the two methods and discuss our reasons for preferring the internally calibrated method...

Measurement of erectile dysfunction in population-based studies: the use of a single question self-assessment in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

..67 in the clinic sample. The self-scored screener developed in this study reliably detects men at risk of hypogonadism. The screener encourages at risk men to seek professional evaluation of their testosterone levels...

Risk factors for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men

..Risk associated with heart disease does not appear to be due solely to detection bias or to effects of heart disease medications. A wide variety of other characteristics appear to have no influence on risk for clinical BPH...

Prevalence of foot and ankle conditions in a multiethnic community sample of older adults

..Foot and ankle disorders are common in these older adults. Examination of their prevalence in different segments of the community may inform future studies to determine etiology and means of prevention...