White Paper: Collection of Solid-State Lighting Standards (I)

The setting and development of solid-state lighting standards is able to enhance lighting industry and market. American DOE(Department of Energy) has planned to provide technical assistance and support to Lighting standards regulation, of which including performance test, statistical review, data collection and analyses, as well as document revision, for purpose of improving solid state lighting standards development and implement.

Here bellow is the standards white paper formulated at present:

(Note: Some documentary information is for reference only, which is not included in the support work of DOE; or is not applicable in the industry.)

ANSI C78.377-2011: Specifications for the Chromaticity of Solid State Lighting Products

Chroma and CCT are two kernels for lighting design. The purpose of this standard is to specify the range of chromaticities recommended for general lighting with solid state lighting products as well as to ensure that the white light chromaticities of the products can be communicated to consumers. This standard applies to LED-based SSL products with control electronics and heat sinks incorporated.

ANSI C136.37-2011: Solid State Light Sources Used in Roadway and Area Lighting

This is the first solid state lighting (SSL) standard produced by ANSI accredited standards committee 136 (C136). This standard defines interchangeability of and some requirements for SSL source fixtures (also referred to as luminaries and/or LED (light-emitting diode) fixtures). These are used in roadway and off-roadway illuminates that meets various ANSI C136 standards. The standard provides useful references to existing regional and international SSL standards and current practices for roadway and area lighting and makes recommendations on how these may be applied to solid state. This standard includes requirements for operating temperature, correlated color temperature, mounting provisions, dimming, ingress protection and wiring and grounding. In addition, it sets protocol for surge-test wave forms, the basic insulation test and specific product ratings.

CIE127-2007: Measurement of LED's

This standard has prescribed the spectral measure of Eds , measurement of luminous flux, as well as measurement of averaged LED intensity.

This report is an update of the previously published CIE Technical Report CIE 127-1997.

There are significant differences between Eds and other light sources which necessary for the CIE to introduce new quantities for their characterization with precisely defined measurement conditions. New quantities introduced here are "Averaged LED Intensity" and "Partial LED Flux".

The report describes in detail the measurement conditions for ALI (Averaged LED Intensity), Total and Partial LED Flux and Spectral Power Distribution. It is shown that measurements by substitution method using LED standards can be simpler; however it is important to compare similar colored LEDs or use color correction on the measurement results. The standard LEDs need to be calibrated by National Metrology Laboratories or a laboratory traceable to National Metrology Laboratories.

CIE177-2007: Color Rendering Of White LED Light Sources

This Technical Report reviews the applicability of the CIE colour rendering index to white LED light sources based on the results of visual experiments. The currently recommended colour rendering index (CRI) calculation method was officially introduced in 1974, and is described in the current publication CIE 13.3-1995 (CIE, 1995). Visual experience has shown that the current CRI based ranking of a set of light sources containing white LED light sources contradicts the visual ranking.

In this Technical Report, three recent visual experiments (including simulations) on colour rendering including white LED light sources are described that confirm this contradiction. It was concluded from these visual colour rendering results that the current CRI method did not describe well those situations where white LED light sources were involved i.e. if white LED light sources were visually ranked together with other light sources. Low correlation was found between the visual colour differences and the computed colour differences if the current CRI method was applied to calculate those colour differences. The conclusion of the Technical Committee is that the CIE CRI is generally not applicable to predict the colour rendering rank order of a set of light sources when white LED light sources are involved in this set.

The Committee recommends the development of a new colour rendering index (or a set of new colour rendering indices) by a Division 1 Technical Committee. This index (or these indices) shall not replace the current CIE colour rendering index immediately. The usage of the new index or indices should provide information supplementary to the current CIE CRI, and replacement of CRI will be considered after successful integration of the new index.The new supplementary colour rendering index (or set of supplementary colour rendering indices) should be applicable to all types of light sources and not only to white LED light sources. Possibilities for an improved description of colour rendering are summarized in the Appendix of this Technical Report.

This standard describes the method of measuring and specifying the center beam intensity and the associated beam angle(s) of reflector lamps. It applies to incandescent, tungsten halogen and gas-discharge and LED based reflector lamps for general lighting purposes. It does not apply to lamps for special purposes such as projection lamps. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1994 and constitutes a technical revision. Due to the increasing use of reflector equipped LED lamps, the scope has been broadened and measurement conditions been included in order to take account of these lamps. Further, for easier understanding of the relation between the different axis and different intensities, two figures have been added. The luminous intensity distribution shall be reported instead of the center beam intensity, if the latter is very low ("butterfly" distributions).

IEC62031: LED Modules For General Lighting-Safety Specifications

This International Standard specifies general and safety requirements for light-emitting diode (LED) modules:

LED modules without integral control gear for operation under constant voltage, constant current or constant power; self-ballasted LED modules for use on d.c. supplies up to 250 V or a.c. supplies up to 1 000 V at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

This standard presents terms and definitions relevant for lighting with LED light sources. It provides both descriptive terms (such as "built-in LED module") and measurable terms (such as "luminance").

IEC/ PAS62717: LED modules for general lighting -- Performance requirements

This PAS specifies the performance requirements for LED modules, together with the test methods and conditions, required to show compliance with this PAS.

The following types of LED modules are distinguished:

– Type 1: Self-ballasted LED modules for use on d.c. supplies up to 250 V or on a.c. supplies up to 1 000 V at 50 Hz or 60 Hz;

– Type 2: LED modules operating with external control gear connected to the mains voltage, and having further control means inside (“semi-ballasted”) for operation under constant voltage, constant, current or constant power;

– Type 3: LED modules where the complete control gear is separate from the module for operation under constant voltage, constant current or constant power.