Design

Setting

A diabetes clinic in New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Patients

77 patients who were 12–20 years of age, had no other health problems except for treated hypothyroidism, had been treated
with insulin for ≥1 year, had a recent glycated haemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) of 7% to 14%, had no severe hypoglycaemic events in the previous 6 months, and were in a school grade appropriate to age
within 1 year. Follow up was 97% (mean age 14 y, 57% girls, 92% white).