The 694 dead birds were found in Schoolcraft County near the unincorporated village of Gulliver. They include 247 common loons, 152 horned grebes, 98 red-necked grebes, 73 long-tailed ducks and 64 white-winged scoters.

The Michigan Department of Natural Resources says Type-E botulism bacteria cause a toxin that paralyses birds and fish. Similar die-offs happened in the Upper Peninsula in 2007 and near Sleeping Bear Dunes National lakeshore in northern Lower Peninsula in 2006.

According to the DNR, affected birds may be lethargic, have difficulty holding their head out of the water, or be unable to fly.

Michigan water foul hunters are urged to harvest only waterfowl that act and look healthy; wear rubber, plastic, or disposable gloves while field dressing, skinning, or butchering waterfowl; and wash hands, utensils, and work surfaces before and after handling any meat. (More tips for hunters here – .pdf format).