Other pages in this set

Page 2

Here's a taster:

Group Display ­ SportsAO1Group display in sport can be seen as having replaced tribal warfare, where one identifiabletribal team goes into ritualised battle against another. Sports involve displays and trials ofstrengths and skill, behaviours attractive to females who select winning males in the basis oftheir display of genetic fitness. With its highly ritualised nature, sport allows much competitionbetween males without incurring the risk of serious injury (though this can occur).…read more

Page 3

Here's a taster:

MacDonald ­ suggests that from an evolutionary perspective, it is adaptive to exaggerate negative stereotypes about outsiders, as the over perception of threat is less costly than its under perception.AO2Application ­ An important issue that the research into the evolutionary explanations ofaggression as group display in sports is the knowledge obtained regarding the power ofxenophobia. This research into xenophobia and how it evokes violence has motivated footballclubs to take steps to minimise its influence.…read more

Page 4

Here's a taster:

Wolfson's research clearly highlights the potential role of environmental factors. Furthermore,a more eclectic approach towards understanding group display is needed taking into accountour ancestors, biochemistry, environment and other social psychological factors ­ thusreflecting the complexity of human aggression.Supporting Research ­ Evan and Rowe provide supporting research for the evolutionaryexplanation of sporting group display, finding more aggression associated with the EnglishNational football games than the English Club games.…read more

Page 5

Here's a taster:

Costly displays signal commitment promotion of group solidarity, particularly in times of collective action. Irons ­ costliness of permanent displays such as scars and mutilation means that they serve as honest signals of commitment to the group. By engaging in such displays, individuals demonstrate their commitment and loyalty to the group, so can benefit from the profits of warfare against another group.…read more

Page 6

Here's a taster:

Brown foundthat Belgian soldiers whom wore hoods actually became more selfconscious rather thanaggressive. Furthermore, both explanations logically explain group display, having facevalidity, but there is no concrete evidence as to why this behaviour arises, thereforeneither the evolutionary theory, nor the social psychological theory accurately explain thecomplexity of group display in warfare.…read more