Ibn Hawqal

(CE:1266b)
IBN HAWQAL. Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Hawqal al-Nasibi (d. 988) was an Arab traveler who seems to have visited Nubia and the Sudan in 955. He later wrote a book based on his travels, of which two versions survive: an earlier version called Kitab al-Masalik wa-al-Mamalik (Book of Ideologies and Countries), and a revised version called Kitab Surat al-Ard (Book of the Image of the Earth). His description of the Christian Nubian kingdoms is relatively brief, and on that account is of less value than is the work of IBN SALIM AL-ASWANI. However, Ibn Hawqal is unique among medieval writers in having visited the kingdom of ‘ALWA in person. His most valuable and detailed information pertains to the BEJA TRIBES of the Sudan, in whose territory he apparently traveled extensively.
WILLIAM Y. ADAMS

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(CE:1266b)
IBN HAWQAL. Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Hawqal al-Nasibi (d. 988) was an Arab traveler who seems to have visited Nubia and the Sudan in 955. He later wrote a book based on his travels, of which two versions survive: an earlier version called Kitab al-Masalik wa-al-Mamalik (Book of Ideologies and Countries), and a revised version called Kitab Surat al-Ard (Book of the Image of the Earth). His description of the Christian Nubian kingdoms is relatively brief, and on that account is of less value than is the work of IBN SALIM AL-ASWANI. However, Ibn Hawqal is unique among medieval writers in having visited the kingdom of ‘ALWA in person. His most valuable and detailed information pertains to the BEJA TRIBES of the Sudan, in whose territory he apparently traveled extensively.
WILLIAM Y. ADAMS