Boeing's maintenance workers at the Williamtown RAAF base in New South Wales went on strike during 2005-2006 in a campaign to achieve a collective agreement in the face of Boeing's determination to rely on individual-based industrial instruments. This dispute was one of the longest in Australia's recent history and ended with the defeat of the strike. Although Australia has ratified International Labour Organization Conventions on the right to bargain collectively, the dispute demonstrates the absence under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth) of any legal mechanism to resolve disputes over union recognition and, more broadly, the lack of genuine choice available to workers who seek to bargain collectively with and employer.