Important Statistics of Indian Railways

Certain statistical data of Indian Railways regarding passenger and freight traffic, operating efficiency, railway employees and their training, and social costs of Indian Railways as well as engineering data are given in the following sections.

Passenger Traffic

Indian Railways carried 5112 million originating passengers in 2003-04. Some of the salient features of passenger traffic are given in Table 1.10.

Table 1.10 Passenger traffic on Indian Railways

Item

Unit

Non-suburban

traffic

Suburban

traffic

Total

Number of originating

Million

2126

2986

5112

passengers

(%)

(41.6)

(58.4)

(100)

Total passengers

Million

445,227

95,981

541,208

(%)

(82.3)

(17.7)

(100)

Revenue earned (Rs)

Million

120,040

12,560

132,600

(%)

(90.5)

(9.5)

(100)

Source: Indian Railways Year Book 2003-04.

The analysis of passenger figures for the last 50 years leads to the following conclusions.

1. Over the years, there has been a steady increase in passenger traffic output in terms of passenger kilometres.

2. Since 1950-51, originating passengers have increased by 298% and passenger kilometres by 71.3%.

3. Suburban as well as mail/express traffic has shown a higher rate of growth since 1950-51 than the overall average growth rate.

Freight Traffic

With the pace of economic growth picking up, Indian Railways is being called upon to provide greater and stronger infrastructure support to the economy. Some important statistics on revenue-earning freight traffic for the year 1950-51 as well as those for 2003-04 are given in Table 1.11.

Table 1.11 Freight traffic on Indian Railways

Item

Unit

1950-51

2003-04

Revenue traffic

Million tonnes

73.2

557.4

Average lead

Kilometre

513

684

Net tonnes kilometre

Million

37,565

381,241

Wagon kilometre

Million

4370

28,811

The Railways as a means of transport are more suitable (for carrying) bulk traffic in train loads, which is mainly offered by the core sector. However, there has been a decline in the Railways, share of transport, particularly in the case of cement, petroleum, and iron and steel, largely on account of competition from other modes of transport, namely, highways, pipelines, coastal shipping, etc.

The Railways, besides rationalization of the freight structure and effecting no across-the-board increase in freight rates during the last two years, has taken several initiatives to retain and attract traffic.

Utilization of Assets

The utilization indices of tracks and other assets for the year 1950-51 as well as for the year 2003-04 are given in Table 1.12.

Operating Efficiency Index

The operating efficiency indices of Indian Railways compare favourably with some advanced railway systems of the world as shown in Table 1.13.

Table 1.13 Operating efficiency of world railways

Railway

Wagon km/ wagon/day

Net tonne km/ wagon/day

Net tonne km/tonne of wagon capacity

French National Railways

73.4

1600

11,681

German Federal Railways

70.6

1115

9,139

Italian State Railways

53.4

962

8,006

Japanese National Railways

258.4

3481

36,713

Indian Railways (BG) 2002-03

204.6

2468

40,341

2003-04

187.3

2570

42,237

Source: Indian Railways Year Book 2003-04; International Railway Statistical Book.

Railway Employees

Indian Railways has employed a workforce of 1.441 million employees with a wage bill of Rs 209,280 million during the year 2003-04 as per the break up given in Table 1.14.

Table 1.14 Staff strength as on 31 March (in thousands)

Year

Group A and B

Group C

Group D

Total

Expenditure (Rs in million)

1950-51

2.3

223.5

687.8

913.6

1,138

1970-71

8.1

583.2

782.9

1374.2

4,599

1990-91

14.3

891.4

746.1

1651.8

51,663

2000-01

14.8

900.3

630.2

1543.3

188,414

2003-04

14.3

860.1

567.1

1441.5

209,287

Source: Indian Railways Year Book 2003-04.

Training of Railway Employees

Indian Railways has developed its own facilities for conducting extensive training programs for its officers and staff to enable them to improve upon their skill/abilities and equip them with the latest technological developments. Training for officers is organized in six centralized training institutions (CTIs):

1. The Railway Staff College, Vadodra

2. Indian Railways Institute of Civil Engineering, Pune

3. Indian Railways Institute of Signal and Telecommunication Engineering, Secunderabad

4. Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Jamalpur

5. Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering, Nasik

6. Indian Railways Institute of Transport Management, Lucknow

Apart from probationary training, the CTIs also cater to the various specialized training needs of serving officers. The Railway Staff College provides inputs in general management, strategic management, and function-related areas for serving railway officers. Other CTIs conduct specialized technical training courses in their respective functional areas.

The training needs of non-gazetted staff are being taken care of by over 200 training centres located in different parts of the country. Training has been made mandatory at different stages to make it more effective for staff belonging to some of the safety categories.

Social Costs of Indian Railways

Indian Railways is a public utility undertaking of the Government of India. They do not have the freedom to adjust their freight and fare rates corresponding to the increase in the prices of the various inputs used by them. They also carry certain essential commodities, as also passenger traffic, at rates which do not even cover their cost of movement. In addition, traffic bound for flood-affected and drought-hit areas is carried at concessional rates. Certain non-remunerative branch lines are also being operated purely in public interest. Such social obligations, which Indian Railways has carried out all along, are not usually borne by purely commercial undertakings. Losses incurred on this account are termed Social Service Obligation.

The net Social Service Obligation borne by IR in 2003-04 was Rs 38,390 million excluding staff welfare cost (Rs 12,770 million) and law and order cost (Rs 7750 million).

The main items involved in this Social Service Obligation are the following.