Reactions of Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are organic materials that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms, these molecules can be saturated or unsaturated and acyclic, cyclic, or aromatic. In this experiment we used a variety of methods to examine the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. The first experiment we tested a variety of solvents to see if they dissolved our alkane (Decalin). One would expect that non-polar solvents will dissolve alkanes because they are non polar as well 1. If the solvent did not dissolve in the alkane we heated the solution with a heat gun, because higher temperature increases solubility because energy in the form of heat can break bonds and allow for the molecules to join together. This is the reversed for a decrease in temperature the molecules move around less so there is less interaction between solute and solvent. We also differentiated alkanes and alkenes. Alkanes only contain c-c single bonds, are saturated, and are the least reactive. Alkenes are c=c double bonds, more reactive than alkanes, and unsaturated. In the next part of the experiment we added bromine to alkenes. This caused an electrophilic halogenation reaction. If the bromine reacted with the alkene the bromine would discolor from orange and turn clear. Experiment

Part A) Solubility of Alkanes: 1 mL of nine solvents (water, methanol, n-butanol, ethylene, glycol, acetone, hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane.) was added to nine sample vials. Each vial then had 0.5 mL of the alkane decalin added to each one. The mixtures were stirred to determine if the materials dissolved. If the material was insoluble it was heated with an air gun to see if it would aid in dissolving the solution. This test helped us determine what kinds of solvents are useful for dissolving alkanes. Part B) Reactivity of Alkanes and Alkenes in Sulfuric Acid: 0.5 mL of cyclohexane was added to one vial and 0.5 mL...

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INTRODUCTION
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De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
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Five substances namely Hexane, Eugenol, Unknown hydrocarbon 1, Unknown hydrocarbon 2, and Acetylene gas was used for the selective reactivity of hydrocarbons to functional group tests; Bayer’s test, Bromine test light, Bromine test dark, and Tollen’s test. In Bayer’s test, only Acetylene, Eugenol and Unknown hydrocarbon 2 reacted positively and the rest retain the purplish color of KMnO4. On the other hand, the five compounds in Bromine test with light reacted positively. In Bromine test dark, Hexane and Unknown hydrocarbon 1 did not react because light (UV) is absent. Lastly, in Tollen’s reagent, only Acetylene reacted positively and all the other compounds gave a negative result since they are all hydrocarbons.
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Hydrocarbons are simple organic compounds with a distinct character of having Carbon and Hydrogen atoms only. They are divided into three main categories base on the type of orbital hybridization they have. The three main groups of Hydrocarbons are Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes (1).
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(e) For this reaction, write down an equation for:
(i) An initiation step
(ii) A propagation step
(iii) A termination step.
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(b) The number of moles of chloroethane that were formed
(c) The percentage yield
(d) The number of grams of...

...Analysis of Hydrocarbons
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