Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an increased accumulation of fluid in the brain due to an interruption in the flow of the fluid that may have been caused by developmental anomalies, infection, injury or brain tumours. The condition results in enlargement of the skull and may cause damage to the brain.

Spina Bifida is a birth defect along the spinal cord characterized by small spaces in the vertebral arches of the spine. As a result, the membranes of the cord are pushed through the opening, forming a tumour.