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On Sept. 15, 2008, Senator Pimentel called to attention the double insertion of 200Million appropriated separately for the construction of Carlos P. Garcia Ave and C-5 Road which was said to cover the same stretch. Lacson further stated that when he investigated on the double entry, it led to Senator Villar, then Senate President. On October 8, 2008 Senator Madrigal introduce P.S. Resolution 706, which states that there was indeed double entry of said project, with overwhelming evidence of abuse of authority of the Senate President (Villar) to profit from such project. It also stated that the acts of the Senate President are indeirect violation of the Constitution, the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, the Code of Conduct and Ethical standards of Public Officers. Therefore it was resolved to direct the Committee on Ethics and Privileges to investigate the conduct of Senate President Villar. On Nov. 17, 2008, Senator Enrile was elected Senate President and the Ethics Committee was reorganized with the Election of Lacson as Chairperson. On Dec. 16, 2008, Senator Lacson inquired whether the Minority was ready to name their representatives. After consultation, Senator Pimentel informed the body that there would be no members from the Minority in the Ethics Committee On Jan. 26, 2009, Senator Lacson reiterated his appeal to the Minority to nominate their representative to the Ethics Committee. Senator Pimentel stated that it is the stand of the Minority no to nominate any of their members to the Ethics Committee. Thereafter, the Senate adopted the Rules of the Senate Committee on the Ethics and Privileges. On April 20, 2009, Senator Villar on a privilege speech where he stated that he would answer the accusations against him on the floor and not before the Ethics Committee. On Apr. 27, 2009, Senator Lacson stated that the Ethics Committee is not a kangaroo court. However, due to the accusation that the Ethics Committee could not act with fairness on Senator Villar’s Case, Senator Lacson moved that the responsibility of the Ethics Committee be undertaken by Senate, acting as a whole. The motion was approved with ten members voting in favour, none against, and five absentation.

ISSUE: 1.

WON the transfer of the complaint against Senator Villar from the Ethics Committee to the Senate Committee of the Whole is violative of the Senator Villar’s right to equal protection; 2. WON the adoption of the Rules of the Ethics Committee as Rules of the Senate Committee of the Whole is a violative of Senator Villar’s right to due process and the majority quorum requirement under Art. VI, Section 16(2) of the Constitution.

RULING: WHEREFORE, we GRANT the petition in part. The referral of the complaint by the Committee on Ethics and Privileges to the Senate Committee of the Whole shall take effect only upon publication of the Rules of the Senate Committee of the Whole. RATION DECIND: 1. The court does not agree with the Petitioners. – The rules of the Ethics Committee provide that “all matters relating to the conduct, rights, privileges, safety, dignity, integrity and reputation of the Senate and its Members shall be under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Senate Committee on Ethics and Privileges”. However, in this case, the refusal of the Minority to name its members to the Ethics Committee stalled the investigation. In short, while ordinarily an investigation about one of its members’ alleged irregular or unethical conduct is within the jurisdiction of the Ethics Committee, the Minority effectively prevented if from pursuing the investigation when they refused to nominate their members to the Ethics Committee. Given the circumstances, the referral of the investigation to the Committee of the Whole was an extraordinary remedy undertaken by the Ethics Committee and approved by a majority of the members of the Senate. 2. The court also disagrees. It was reiterated that, considering the circumstances of this case, the referral of the investigation by the Ethics Committee to the Senate Committee of the Whole is an extraordinary remedy that does not violate Senator Villar’s right to due process. The Constitutional right of the Senate to promulgate its own rules of proceeding has been recognized and affirmed by the court. Section 16(3), Art. VI of the Philippine Constitution: “Each House shall determine the rules of its proceedings. This provision has been traditionally construed as a grant of full discretionary authority to the House of Congress in the formulation, adoption and promulgation of its own rules. As such, the exercise of this power is generally exempt from judicial supervision and interference, except on a clear showing of such arbitrary and improvident use of the power as will constitute a denial of due process. x x x. The issue partakes of the nature of a political question which, under the Constitution, is to be decided by the people in their sovereign capacity, or in regard to which full discretionary authority has been delegated to the legislative or executive branch of the government. Further, pursuant to his constitutional grant of virtually unrestricted authority to determine its own rules, the Senate is at liberty to alter or modify these rules at any time it may see fit, subject only to the imperatives of quorum, voting and publication.23 The only limitation to the power of Congress to promulgate its own rules is the observance of quorum, voting, and publication when required. As long as these requirements are complied with, the Court will not interfere with the right of Congress to amend its own rules.