それでは英字新聞 読解スタートです！

Tokyo (CNN) — For anyone planning on visitingJapan, our team in Tokyo has helped pull together a handy list of don’ts to stay on the right side of Japanese customs.

So to avoid the social media firestorm that Patrick Schwarzenegger — son of action hero and former California governor Arnold — caused when he posted an Instagram video (since removed) of him tickling an unsuspecting fellow visitor’s ear with a twig, take a look at our handy hints below.

twigは小枝です。

faux pas (noun)

Macmillan dictionaryによると ” something embarrassing that you say or do in a social situation “ という風に記載されていますね。

例文：

I made some remark about his wife’s family, and then realized I’d made a serious faux pas.

She made the faux pas of referring to Wales as “part of England.”

pull together (phrasal verb)

Macmillan dictionaryによると ” to combine different things so that they form a single unit “ という風に記載されていますね。

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” to touch someone lightly with your fingers, making them slightly uncomfortable and often making them laugh:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

Stop! You’re tickling me!

I tickled her feet and she laughed.

My nose is tickling, I think I’m going to sneeze.

The dog rolled over, waiting for his tummy to be tickled.

1. No jaywalking

Many Japanese drivers are sticklers for the rules and will honk disapprovingly — even from a considerable distance — if they see someone crossing the road at any point other than a designated crosswalk.

To jaywalk (verb)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” to walk across a street at a place where it is not allowed or without taking care to avoid the traffic“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

You got ticketed for jaywalking?

stickler (noun)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” someone who thinks that a particular thing is very important and who thinks that other people should feel the same“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

a stickler for rules/details/accuracy

He’s a stickler for detail/accuracy/efficiency.

He was a stickler when it came to office manners.

disapprovingly (adverb)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” in a way that shows that you feel something or someone is bad or wrong:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

They looked at her disapprovingly.

He folded his arms and shook his head disapprovingly.

considerable (adjective)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” large or of noticeable importance:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

The fire caused considerable damage to the church.

He exhibited considerable skill in driving through the snowstorm.

a considerable amount of money

2. Smokers can be fined for lighting up outside

While there are no laws against smoking in bars and restaurants or any privately owned business, perversely it’s the great outdoors that can present problems.

Smokers shouldn’t even think about lighting up on the street, as many Japanese cities — including Tokyo and Osaka — have ordinances prohibiting lighting up outdoors, except in designated “tobacco corners.”

Defying this ban is punishable by fines up to 50,000 yen (about $400).

They defied an evacuation order and stayed in town during the hurricane.

The commander defied a direct order to surrender.

3. Don’t litter

While many other countries would turn a blind eye to a plastic carrier bag or cigarette butt adorning their streets, a zero-tolerance stance on street trash is taken in Japan.

cigarette butt はシケモクです。

Expect disapproving stares and/or aghast looks if that candy wrapper is disposed of in a less-than-proper fashion. There isn’t really any excuse, anyway, as public trashcans are liberally spreadthroughout Japan’s major cities.

turn a blind eye (phrase)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” to ignore something that you know is wrong:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

Management often turn a blind eye to bullying in the workplace.

We’re not supposed to park here, but the authorities usually turn a blind eye.

To adorn (verb)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” to add something decorative to a person or thing:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

Several original paintings adorn the walls.

The bride’s hair was adorned with white flowers.

disapproving (adjective)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” a disapproving expression or reaction shows that someone does not approve of something“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

a disapproving look

dispose of (phrasal verb)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” to get rid of something; throw out or destroy:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

Please dispose ofyour litter thoughtfully.

Every month he must dispose of the oil his restaurant uses to fry potatoes.

liberally (adverb)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” given or used generously:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

The food was liberally seasoned with salt.

4. Throw litter in the correct trashcan

And anyone disposing of refuse in a designated receptacle should make sure to do this properly, too. At the very least trash is separated into ‘burnable’ and ‘non-burnable’ bins, as Japan deals with much of its waste by incinerating it. Even fast-food outlets insist garbage is broken into plastics, papers and so on.

The company is accused of incinerating hazardous waste without a license.

5. Don’t point fingers at people

Again, this is fairly universal, but it’s considered rude to point directly at someone, be it with a finger, chopstick or foot. If it’s necessary to indicate someone, this should be done with a hand gesture, while keeping that outstretched finger under control.

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” if something is under control, people are able to limit it or make it do what they want it to do“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

He sometimes has difficulty keeping his temper under control.

It was several hours before firefighters could get the blaze under control.

6. It’s very rude to cut in line

From trains to escalators in Japan, masses of people can be seen lining up in an orderly fashion.

Barging in is a strict no-no especially on trains where embarking passengers stand to the side to let disembarking passengers alight before piling in.

Major city subways and commuter trains can get seriously busy, particularly during morning rush hour, but manners still hold. Conversely, however, it isn’t customary to hold doors open for anyone who may be following.

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” with the same colour, pattern, or design“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

a deep blue jacket and matching skirt

a green dress with matching green handbag

it goes without saying (phrasal verb)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” used to mean that something is obvious:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

Of course, it goes without saying that you’ll be paid for the extra hours you work.

It goes without saying that I’m sorry.

9. No need to tip when eating out or taking taxis

Service providers here won’t accept it. Service is almost universally included, and stories abound of diligent restaurant employees chasing foreign patrons down the street to return their “forgotten” change.

One other thing about taxis to note — they are equipped with automatic doors controlled by the driver, and shouldn’t be manually opened or closed.

To abound (verb)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” to exist in large numbers:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

Theories abound about how the universe began.

Rumours abound about the breakup of her marriage.

diligent (adjective)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” careful and using a lot of effort:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

a diligent student

Leo is very diligent in/about his work.

Their lawyer was extremely diligent in preparing their case.

They made diligent efforts to carry out their programs.

impeccable (adjective)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” perfect in every way“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

impeccable behaviour

The standards of service are impeccable.

impeccable taste/manners/credentials

His English is impeccable.

She was always impeccably dressed.

gratuity (noun)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” a small amount of money that you give to someone to thank them for doing something for you“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

The guides sometimes receive gratuities from the tourists, which supplement their salaries.

10. No swimsuits in onsens — go naked instead

Many Japanese consider it downright weird to see someone wear swim trunks or a bikini in a hot spring.

Bathers should remember to scrub up and rinse off before getting in the water, either in a public bath or at someone’s home. The Japanese are used to sharing hot water so the actual cleaning part happens before jumping in the tub.

But while less clothing is the general rule when bathing, tattoos should be covered when at onsen, or public gyms, for that matter. They‘re often associated with the Yakuza, the Japanese mafia.

downright (adjective)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” completely or extremely: used for emphasizing how bad someone or something is“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

She was downright rude!

I think the way she was treated is a downright disgrace.

Their working conditions were downright unhealthy.

scrub up (phrasal verb)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” if a doctor or nurse scrubs up, they wash their hands and arms thoroughly before doing a medical operation“というふうに記載されていますね。

To rinse (verb)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” to wash something quickly, especially in flowing water, in order to remove soap or dirt“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

I’ll just rinse my hands.

Ella rinsed her hair thoroughly.

There was no soap, so I just rinsed my hands with water.

Don’t forget to rinse the dishes off.

Did you rinse out your bathing suit?

manually (adverb)

Cambridge Dictionaryによると ” by hand:“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

Few of the machines are operated manually.

an old manual typewriter

for that matter (phrase)

Macmillan Dictionaryによると ” used for emphasizing that something else is also true“というふうに記載されていますね。

例文：

He doesn’t like young women, or any women for that matter.

Ming’s never been to Spain, or to any European country for that matter.