Malachite green (MG) and crystal (gentian) violet (CV) are triphenylmethane dyes used in aquaculture as fungicides and ectoparasiticides. They are rapidly metabolised to the leucomalachite green (LMG) and leucocrystal (gentian) violet (LCV) metabolites that persist in fish tissue. MG and CV are banned in many countries due to their mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, but may still be used illegally. Monitoring methodologies must be able to detect the compounds at 1 ng/g (US) or 2 ng/g (EU). In order to meet these LODs for complex matrices such as oily fish, and the low UV absorbance of the leuco forms, LC-MS-MS is the analytical method of choice. This application note focuses on ease of use when compared to other methods, and describes a QuEChERS based approach incorporating the use of aluminium oxide in enhanced dispersive SPE to reduce the levels of fat in the final extract. Additional cleanup is provided by polymeric EVOLUTE SPE columns, and the resulting extract demonstrated low ion suppression. Analyte recoveries of 60-105%, with low rsds, are achieved. The method is also applicable to Brilliant green.
Malachite green, Leuco malachite green, Crystal violet, Leuco crystal violet, Brilliant Green, EVOLUTE, EVOLUTE CX, QuEChERS, LC/MS/MS, Salmon, Contamination, Gentian violet, SPE, Solid Phase Extraction, Polymer, Resin,Tags: Application Notes,
Brilliant Green,
Column,
Crystal Violet,
Fish,
Food,
Food,
Gentian Violet,
LC-MS/MS,
Leuco Crystal Violet,
Leuco Malachite Green,
Malachite Green,
Salmon,
Triphenylmethane Dyes,
Veterinary drugs

Matrix components, particularly salts, proteins and
phospholipids, can lead to ion suppression resulting in
inaccurate quantitation and reduced detection limits.
Resin-based mixed-mode cation exchange SPE sorbents
are widely used for the extraction of basic compounds
from biological fluids. The dual retention mechanism
allows a two stage interference wash protocol, which
results in extremely clean extracts.
This poster will investigate the performance of
EVOLUTE™ CX for the extraction of a wide range of basic
drugs from plasma, showing high analyte recovery and
advanced extract cleanliness. The analyte suite was
selected to cover a variety of basic analytes with wide
ranging polarities (LogP values). Extract cleanliness
experiments were performed showing overall ion
suppression, then individual matrix components examined
in terms of protein and phospholipid removal.Tags: Plasma,
Posters

Matrix components, particularly salts, proteins and phospholipids, can lead to ion suppression resulting in inaccurate quantitation and reduced detection limits.
Resin-based mixed-mode cation exchange SPE sorbents are widely used for the extraction of basic compounds from biological fluids. The dual retention mechanism allows a two stage interference wash protocol, which results in extremely clean extracts. This poster will investigate the performance of EVOLUTE™ CX for the extraction of a wide range of basic
drugs from plasma, showing high analyte recovery and advanced extract cleanliness. The analyte suite was selected to cover a variety of basic analytes with wide ranging polarities (LogP values). Extract cleanliness experiments were performed showing overall ion suppression, then individual matrix components examined
in terms of protein and phospholipid removal.Tags: Basic drugs,
Biological fluids,
Posters

EVOLUTE® CX combines non-polar and strong cation exchange functionality for extraction of basic analytes from biological fluids and other aqueous samples through a dual, mixed-mode mechanism. This provides additional selectivity and clean-up for complex samples, with salts, phospholipids and proteins eliminated from extracts. Sorbent performance is not compromised by drying during processing. Available in a variety of formats, including modular and 96-well plates and SPE columns, and two different particle sizes (30 µm and 50 µm) depending on application requirements.

The sorbent consists of the EVOLUTE® backbone, surface modified with sulfonic acid groups.

EVOLUTE® CX sorbent is available in EVOLUTE® EXPRESS 96-well plate format for use with fast Load-Wash-Elute procedures. Eliminate traditional conditioning and equilibration and increase throughput without compromising performance.

High Selectivity Provides Ultra-clean Extracts

EVOLUTE® sorbents have a narrow pore diameter, tailored to eliminate co-extraction of proteins from biofluids. Removal of proteins during sample preparation avoids transfer in to the analytical system, reducing matrix effects in LC-MS/MS, and avoiding contamination of the analytical column. This minimises the need for frequent backflushing and guard columns replacement.

Available in EVOLUTE® EXPRESS plates for fast Load-Wash-Elute procedures

About Biotage

Biotage is a global Life Science company that develops innovative and effective solutions for separation within organic and analytical chemistry, as well as for industrial applications. Biotage is listed on NASDAQ Stockholm.