Abstract:It is shown that the Doppler Effect calculation
at photon emission is possible only with the help of classical mathematical models.

Key
words:The Lorentz transformations, the
Doppler Effect, infrared and ultraviolet shift of the spectra, velocity of light, velocity of source.

Introduction

The results of our investigations confirm Albert Einsteins correctness in his
dispute with Niels Bohr [1], [2], [3]. Einsteins answer to the venerators of his
talent has proved to be a prophetic one: It seems to them that I look at the results
of my life with a halcyon satisfaction. But everything is to the contrary if examined
closely. There exists no concept, in relation to which I am sure that it will remain
inviolable, and I am not convinced that I am on the right track. (F. Gernek. Albert
Einstein. M., 1966, page 16) [4]. The following facts confirm equity of these words.

There are two interpretations of this effect: the
relativistic interpretation and the classical one [3], [5], [6], [7].

The
Relativistic Interpretation of the Doppler Effect

The relativistic interpretation is based on the second Einsteins postulate
[8]: Any ray of light moves
in the stationary system of co-ordinates with the determined velocity, whether the ray be
emitted by a stationary or a moving body. The Lorentz transformations originate from this wording
of the postulate(Fig. 1) [2], [3]:

;(1)

,(2)

where: and are spatial intervals measured in moving and stationary reference
systems, respectively (Fig. 1); and is time measured in moving and stationary reference systems, respectively; is traverse
speed of moving reference system;is velocity of
light.

Fig. 1. Diagram to analysis of the Lorentz transformations
[2], [3]

It is clear from Fig. 1 that and. If we insert these
values in the formula (1) or (2), well find

(3)

or

,(4)

where and are frequencies of electromagnetic emission in the
moving and stationary reference systems, respectively.

If we designate,well have

(5)

This is the relativistic mathematical model of the calculation of the Doppler
Effect [3], [8]. As,
it results from the ratios (4) and (5) that emission frequency of the moving source is greater than radiation
frequency of stationary
source, i.e. the mathematical models (4) and (5) describe only ultraviolet shift of the
spectra. Let us pay attention to the fact that in the ratios (4) and (5) the directions of
velocities of source and the emitted photon coincide with the directions of axes and.

If we write the ratio (5) in the following form

,(6)

it will show to what extent frequency of the photon emitted from the stationary source
(Fig. 1) is less than frequencyof the photon
emitted by the moving source, and it will not characterize the infrared shift of the
spectra. As in both formulas (5) and (6) , both formulas describe
the ultraviolet shift of the spectra, and we have no right to use the mathematical model
(6) for the calculation of the infrared shift of the spectra [3].

Let us prescribe several values and determine values (5) and(6)
for them (Table 1).

Table
1

Relativistic
results of calculation of the Doppler Effect

(5)

(6)

0.000001

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1.0000009

1.0000099

1.0000999

1.0010004

1.0100504

1.1055415

0.9999989

0.9999899

0.9998999

0.9990004

0.9900494

0.9045340

The results ofTable 1 show
unambiguously that frequency of the emitted photon is increased with the
increase of velocity of movement of the reference system (for example,
of a star). It means that an ultraviolet shift of the spectral lines is increased.
Physical sense being present in mathematical symbols and deprives us of the right to give another
interpretation of the mathematical models (5) and (6).

Thus, we have got an unambiguous answer: the relativistic mathematical models (5)
and (6) describe only ultraviolet shift of the spectra, and they are not connected with
their infrared shift [5].

In science, the Lorentz transformations (1) and (2) have been used for the
calculation of the so called relativistic effects for about a hundred years. Now we get to
know that they give the possibility to calculate the relativistic effects only for the
ultraviolet shift of the spectra and provide no information concerning the relativistic
effects by the infrared shift of the spectra. It means that the Lorentz transformations
misrepresent the reality. Now we can check this fact using the axiom of space-matter-time unity [2], [3].

Let us pay attention to the fact that formula (1) has coordinate , which is fixed in the moving reference system (Fig. 1),
and formula (2) has time , which flows in the same
reference system. Thus, in mathematical formulas (1) and (2) an oscillating quantity of
the spatial interval in the moving reference system is separated from
time , which flows in this reference system. As in reality it is
impossible to separate space from time, it is impossible to analyze these equations
separately. This is a set of equations, and it is necessary to analyze them together. This
analysis alone will correspond to the axiom of space-matter-time unity, and the results of such
analysis alone will reflect reality.

It results from equation (1) implicitly that by the spatial interval value is reduced. Thereof modern physicists make a
conclusion that the spatial interval value is reduced with the increase of velocity of movement of
the moving reference system. Then, they take one equation (2) for the analysis[1].
It appears from this implicitly that by the spatial interval value is reduced. Thereof they make a conclusion that if
traverse velocity of the moving reference system is increased, flow rate of time in it is
reduced.

Let us correct erroneous interpretation. As in reality it is impossible to separate
space from time, let us analyze equations (1) and (2) together; for this purpose, let us
divide the fist one by the second one; as a result, well have

(7)

Now mathematical formula (7) reflects dependence of coordinate on time . It appears from this
that formula (7) operates within the framework of the axiom of space-matter-time unity, i.e. within the
framework of reality.

It
is clear from Fig. 1 that is the coordinate of position of a light signal in
the stationary reference system. If we insert in the given formula (7), well get
coordinate , which positions the light signal in the moving reference
system. Where is this signal situated? As we change coordinates and , in time and it is situated
on coinciding axes and, i.e. in point
(Fig. 1).
Geometrical sense ofthe Lorentz
transformations is very simple. Coordinate of point in the moving reference system and its coordinate in the
stationary reference system are positioned in them. It is a crossing point of a light
sphere with axes and (Fig. 1). This is the essence of the Lorentz
transformations. There is no other information in these transformations, and they reflect
no physical effects [2], [3].

Classical Interpretation of the Doppler Effect at Photon Emission

We
have already shown that total energy of the photon is equal to the sum of energies of its
translational motion and
rotational motion and that this
amount depends on the value of speed and
direction of radiation source motion [1],
[2], [3]. If the angle between the direction of velocity vector of source motion and the direction of velocity vector of the photon
being emitted (Fig.2) is equal ,
total energy of the emitted photon will be written in the following way [7].

Fig. 2. Diagram of addition of velocities of the source
and the photon

(8)

If we take into
account thatand designate, well
find after conversion of the equation (8)

(9)

If the directions
of the motion of the source and the photon being emitted coincide, it means thatand

(10)

When
the directions of the motion of the source and the photon being emitted are counter, it
means that and

(11)

In
Table 2, the calculation results are given according to the classical formulas (10) and
(11) and relativistic formulas (5) and (6). Analysis of this table shows that the
classical formula (10) gives the result, which is close to the result of the relativistic
formula (5), and classical formula (11) gives the result, for which there is no
relativistic formula,

Relativists use
the formula (6) for the calculation of the infrared shift of the spectra having no
mathematical right for it. Such right and such accuracy are given by the classical
mathematical formula (11) (Table 2).

Table 2

Calculation results of Doppler Effect

(10)

(11)

(5)

(6)

0.000001

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1.0000010

1.0000100

1.0001000

1.0010005

1.0100500

1.1050000

0.9999990

0.9999900

0.9999000

0.9990005

0.9900500

0.9050000

1.0000009

1.0000099

1.0000999

1.0010004

1.0100504

1.1055415

0.9999989

0.9999899

0.9998999

0.9990004

0.9900494

0.9045340

The results of the simultaneous registration of the usual spectral lines of the
hydrogen atom received from the space object SS433 and the spectral lines shifted to the
ultraviolet and infrared field of the spectrum can serve as an experimental fact, which
confirms equity of mathematical models (10) and (11) [9]. It proves the fact that the main
part of the space object SS433 is stationary in relation to space, and two other parts
move in relation to space. The part, which generates the ultraviolet shift, moves to the
Earth, and the part, which generates the infrared shift at that time, moves from the
Earth. Periodicity of the change of values of these shifts is registered [9].

CONCLUSION

The relativistic mathematical model (6), which originates from the Lorentz
transformations, has nothing to do with the Doppler Effect.

The ultraviolet and infrared shifts of the spectra describe the classical
mathematical models (10) and (11) only.