Business process modeling and management approaches
are increasingly used and disclosed between organizations
as a means of optimizing and streamlining the business
activities. Among the various existing modeling languages, we
stress the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), currently
in version 2.0. BPMN is a widespread OMG standard
that is actually used either in academia and in organizations.
BPMN enables business process modeling, but does not facilitate
the modeling of the information infrastructure involved in the
process. However, interest in the data and its preservation has
increased in BPMN’s most recent version.
The aim of this paper is to study BPMN 2.0, particularly
on the usage and persistence of data, and present an approach
for obtaining an early data model from the business process
modeling, which may then be used as a starting data model in
the software development process.

This paper compares two datasets
designed to measure entrepreneurship. The Global
Entrepreneurship Monitor dataset captures early-stage
entrepreneurial activity; the World Bank Group
Entrepreneurship Survey dataset captures formal business
registration. There are a number of important differences
when the data are compared. First, GEM data tend to report
significantly greater levels of early-stage entrepreneurship
in developing economies than do the World Bank data. The
World Bank data tend to be greater than GEM data for
developed countries. Second, the magnitude of the difference
between the datasets across countries is related to the
local institutional and environmental conditions for
entrepreneurs, after controlling for levels of economic
development. A possible explanation for this is that the
World Bank data measure rates of entry in the formal
economy, whereas GEM data are reflective of entrepreneurial
intent and capture informality of entrepreneurship. This is
particularly true for developing countries. Therefore...

Women in post-conflict economies face a
number of challenges. Often their businesses stay at
embryonic stages only, due to three key limitations relating
to: knowledge of business vision and management; access to
finance and markets; and access to role models and networks.
Added to the complexity is the risk of having to start all
over again due to their countriesapos; political instability
and the limited infrastructure to make their businesses
proper and become more efficient over time. This report
presents findings on the situation of women entrepreneurs in
Liberia. It discusses the challenges that female
entrepreneurs face as well as enabling factors that they
encounter when operating their businesses in Liberiaapos;s
post-conflict environment. Through the voices and
experiences of women - as in the IFC series quot;Voices of
Women Entrepreneursquot; that inspires it - this report
sheds some light on the specificities of women doing
business in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS),
such as those in Liberia. It identifies operational lessons
and proposes recommendations on how to support women
entrepreneurs and contribute to their economic empowerment
in the transition from post-conflict to reconstruction and
development. The women interviewed for this report
highlighted how obstacles...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2016 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Austria.
To allow for useful comparison, the profile also provides
data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for
each indicator. Doing Business 2016 is the 13th edition in a
series of annual reports measuring the regulations that
enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business; for
2015 Austria ranks 21. A high ease of doing business ranking
means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the
starting and operation of a local firm. Doing Business
presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and
the protection of property rights that can be compared
across 189 economies from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe and over
time. Doing Business sheds light on how easy or difficult it
is for a local entrepreneur to open and run a small to
medium-size business when complying with relevant
regulations. It measures and tracks changes in regulations
affecting 11 areas in the life cycle of a business: starting
a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2016 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Bosnia
and Herzegovina. To allow for useful comparison, the profile
also provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2016 is the
13th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks 79. A high
ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory
environment is more conducive to the starting and operation
of a local firm. Doing Business presents quantitative
indicators on business regulations and the protection of
property rights that can be compared across 189 economies
from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business
sheds light on how easy or difficult it is for a local
entrepreneur to open and run a small to medium-size business
when complying with relevant regulations. It measures and
tracks changes in regulations affecting 11 areas in the life
cycle of a business: starting a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2016 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Brunei
Darussalam. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also
provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2016 is the
13th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Brunei Darussalam ranks 84. A high ease
of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment
is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local
firm. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on
business regulations and the protection of property rights
that can be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan
to Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business sheds light on how
easy or difficult it is for a local entrepreneur to open and
run a small to medium-size business when complying with
relevant regulations. It measures and tracks changes in
regulations affecting 11 areas in the life cycle of a
business: starting a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2016 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Czech
Republic. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also
provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2016 is the
13th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Czech Republic ranks 36. A high ease of
doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is
more conducive to the starting and operation of a local
firm. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on
business regulations and the protection of property rights
that can be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan
to Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business sheds light on how
easy or difficult it is for a local entrepreneur to open and
run a small to medium-size business when complying with
relevant regulations. It measures and tracks changes in
regulations affecting 11 areas in the life cycle of a
business: starting a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Mongolia.
To allow for useful comparison, the profile also provides
data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for
each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the 12th edition in a
series of annual reports measuring the regulations that
enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business; for
2015 Mongolia ranks 72. A high ease of doing business
ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive
to the starting and operation of a local firm. Doing
Business presents quantitative indicators on business
regulations and the protection of property rights that can
be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan to
Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business measures regulations
affecting 11 areas of the life of a business known as
indicators. Ten of these areas are included in this
year's ranking on the ease of doing business: starting
a business, dealing with construction permits...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for
Mozambique. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also
provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the
12th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Mozambique ranks 127. A high ease of
doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is
more conducive to the starting and operation of a local
firm. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on
business regulations and the protection of property rights
that can be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan
to Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business measures
regulations affecting 11 areas of the life of a business
known as indicators. Ten of these areas are included in this
year's ranking on the ease of doing business: starting
a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for
Timor-Leste. To allow for useful comparison, the profile
also provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the
12th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Timor-Leste ranks 172. A high ease of
doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is
more conducive to the starting and operation of a local
firm. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on
business regulations and the protection of property rights
that can be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan
to Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business measures
regulations affecting 11 areas of the life of a business
known as indicators. Ten of these areas are included in this
year's ranking on the ease of doing business: starting
a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for the Czech
Republic. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also
provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the
12th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 the Czech Republic ranks 44. A high ease
of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment
is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local
firm. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on
business regulations and the protection of property rights
that can be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan
to Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business measures
regulations affecting 11 areas of the life of a business
known as indicators. Ten of these areas are included in this
year's ranking on the ease of doing business: starting
a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for
Kazakhstan. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also
provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the
12th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Kazakhstan ranks 77. A high ease of doing
business ranking means the regulatory environment is more
conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on business
regulations and the protection of property rights that can
be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan to
Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business measures regulations
affecting 11 areas of the life of a business known as
indicators. Ten of these areas are included in this
year's ranking on the ease of doing business: starting
a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Kosovo.
To allow for useful comparison, the profile also provides
data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for
each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the 12th edition in a
series of annual reports measuring the regulations that
enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business; for
2015 Kosovo ranks 75. A high ease of doing business ranking
means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the
starting and operation of a local firm. Doing Business
presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and
the protection of property rights that can be compared
across 189 economies from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe and over
time. Doing Business measures regulations affecting 11 areas
of the life of a business known as indicators. Ten of these
areas are included in this year's ranking on the ease
of doing business: starting a business, dealing with
construction permits...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for Lebanon.
To allow for useful comparison, the profile also provides
data for other selected economies (comparator economies) for
each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the 12th edition in a
series of annual reports measuring the regulations that
enhance business activity and those that constrain it.
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business; for
2015 Lebanon ranks 104. A high ease of doing business
ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive
to the starting and operation of a local firm. Doing
Business presents quantitative indicators on business
regulations and the protection of property rights that can
be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan to
Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business measures regulations
affecting 11 areas of the life of a business known as
indicators. Ten of these areas are included in this
year's ranking on the ease of doing business: starting
a business, dealing with construction permits...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2015 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for
Mauritius. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also
provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2015 is the
12th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Mauritius ranks 28. A high ease of doing
business ranking means the regulatory environment is more
conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on business
regulations and the protection of property rights that can
be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan to
Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business measures regulations
affecting 11 areas of the life of a business known as
indicators. Ten of these areas are included in this
year's ranking on the ease of doing business: starting
a business, dealing with construction permits...

This economy profile presents the Doing
Business indicators for Mozambique. In a series of annual
reports, Doing Business assesses regulations affecting
domestic firms in 189 economies and ranks the economies in
10 areas of business regulation, such as starting a
business, resolving insolvency and trading across borders.
This year's report data cover regulations measured from
June 2012 through May 2013. The report is the 11th edition
of the Doing Business series.

This report assesses some of the more
significant doing business indicators including how easy it
is to register a business, obtain a license, transfer
property, connect basic utilities, and obtain an overdraft
in 8 regions of Tanzania. The time and cost of completing
these transactions play a significant role for local
investors in their decision of whether to operate in a
country's formal sector, thus affecting its investment
and growth performance. The doing business assessment
provides an index for measuring the ease of doing business
across 175 developing and developed countries. The
assessment promotes awareness of and focus on private sector
needs, and oftentimes competition in reform programs among
countries.The indicators look at 10 key operating areas for
a firm, ranging from starting up and getting credit to
closing the business. The report studies a theoretical firm.
Data is based on research of laws and regulations in a
country's main business city or capital. Input and
verification are supplied by local government officials...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2016 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for
Indonesia. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also
provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2016 is the
13th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Indonesia ranks 109. A high ease of doing
business ranking means the regulatory environment is more
conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on business
regulations and the protection of property rights that can
be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan to
Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business sheds light on how
easy or difficult it is for a local entrepreneur to open and
run a small to medium-size business when complying with
relevant regulations. It measures and tracks changes in
regulations affecting 11 areas in the life cycle of a
business: starting a business...

This economy profile for Doing Business
2016 presents the 11 Doing Business indicators for
Mozambique. To allow for useful comparison, the profile also
provides data for other selected economies (comparator
economies) for each indicator. Doing Business 2016 is the
13th edition in a series of annual reports measuring the
regulations that enhance business activity and those that
constrain it. Economies are ranked on their ease of doing
business; for 2015 Mozambique ranks 133. A high ease of
doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is
more conducive to the starting and operation of a local
firm. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on
business regulations and the protection of property rights
that can be compared across 189 economies from Afghanistan
to Zimbabwe and over time. Doing Business sheds light on how
easy or difficult it is for a local entrepreneur to open and
run a small to medium-size business when complying with
relevant regulations. It measures and tracks changes in
regulations affecting 11 areas in the life cycle of a
business: starting a business...