Energy Essay Examples

723 words - 3 pages
The potential energy stored in chemical bonds holding the object together.
Chemical energy is released due to chemical reaction.
It is a type of potential energy. Chemical energy is stored within the bonds of the atoms and molecules that make up a substance. Once chemical energy is released from a substance, the substance is transformed into a new substance.
Chemical energy is stored inside a substance or object until it is involved in a chemical reaction.
Our bodies use chemical energy to perform daily functions.
Cooking is a good example of a chemical reaction that releases chemical energy. Batteries and explosives are other examples of objects that contain stored chemical energy
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1256 words - 6 pages
SOLAR ENERGY
INTRODUCTION
Without the sun, living life on earth is indeed impossible. Sun as we known is a ball of fire that gives us light and heat. The energy that we receive from the sun is called as the solar energy. With the help of this energy serious problems regarding energy that is needed everyday can be solved. Solar energy means capturing the rays of the sun and storing and its heat. This heat can be converted with the help of solar panels into heat or electrical energy. When we talk about solar energy, there are two kinds of solar energy namely, thermal energy and electrical energy.
Thermal energy is something which we can find everywhere and is totally free of
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655 words - 3 pages
Biofuel |
Hydro-Power |
Solar-Power |
Wind-Power |
Hybrid Systems |
Tradable Renewables |
REFIT |
|
|
| overview |
The White Paper on Renewable Energy (2003) [PDF, 2.28MB] has set a target of 10 000GWh of energy to be produced from renewable energy sources (mainly from biomass, wind, solar and small-scale hydro) by 2013.
Following Cabinet approval of the White Paper, the DoE proceeded with the development of its renewable energy strategy. The implementation plan of the various technologies was identified in a macroeconomic study undertaken in 2003.
The White Paper's target of 10 000GWh renewable energy contribution to final energy consumption by 2013 was
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646 words - 3 pages
Energy is something vital that drives everything- people, animals, plants, gadgets, industries, offices, and all the institutions or the activities one can imagine. It is the energy- be it a mechanical, chemical, tidal, wind or hydropower-that has created the world with different artificial stuffs and; compelled people to live in fantasies and search for newer ways to fulfill their dreams. This has been the same for quite a long period of time that people are eager to live better lives. A better life in a lay man understanding is to have good food, good clothes, good house to live in, a vehicle to transport to one’s work, a homely environment and various gadgets and so on so forth. As life
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813 words - 4 pages
Energy Industry
The energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all countries.
History
The use of energy has been a key in the development of the human society by helping it to control and adapt to theenvironment. Managing the use of energy is inevitable in any functional society. In the industrialized world the development of energy resources has become essential for agriculture, transportation, waste
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538 words - 3 pages
Taking In the Sunlight
Jennifer Hicks
Intro to Biology
Professor Sharpe
All living organisms need energy in order to survive. The way that the energy is obtained is through a process known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses energy from the sunlight, solar energy, to produce sugar where sugar is then converted into chemical energy. In order for a plant to use sugar to convert into chemical energy, the the plant must have water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight. These substances are then transported to the leaves where photosynthesis takes place. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages, light reactions and dark reactions. Light reactions take place in the day
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1781 words - 8 pages
Energy Management – Trends towards holistic thinking in Management
While the notion of thinking holistically has been around for a long time, Allan Savory is one of the first to develop a step by step process for holistic decision-making. His method can be used by individuals, families, communities, organizations, businesses, government agencies -- anyone or any group that needs to make a decision.
This method first helps the decision-makers identify all the important people and resources relating to the issue at hand, especially those that are very often forgotten. The next step is to bring these elements together into a new "whole", represented by a short "statement of purpose". With
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282 words - 2 pages
Natural Energy Boosters
If you are tired of feeling tired all the time, and you don’t want to use sugar and unhealthy methods to increase your energy levels, Dr. Oz shares some natural energy boosters to help you get to feeling great again. Here are five different ones for you to try.
Natural Energy Boosters
Dr. Oz decided to go to a local coffee shop and surprise the customers there by taking their orders. He told them they didn’t need to eat bacon, french toast and home fries, too. He asked many of them what they thought their energy levels were on any given day, and the answers seemed to be anywhere from 5 to 8. When Dr. Oz asked each of them what they did to keep their energy
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305 words - 2 pages
Lloyd 1
Alternative Energy Sources
Energy is all around us. Almost everything that you can see or touch is energy or took energy to make. Even our bodies are made up and made from energy and we can also produce energy but it takes energy to do so. So when you think of it in that way how can anyone say that the United States and even the world may be entering an energy crisis? We are though and some parts of the world already have.
Even though it maybe true that some sources of nonrenewable energy sources are virtually inexhaustible because of technological advancements. However, these resources such coal, oil, and natural gas are slowly killing us, the environment, and the whole
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873 words - 4 pages
Daniel Munoz
English135
Prof Layton
3/24/13
Essay#1-Explanatory
Alternative Energy
What is Alternative Energy? It’s an energy generated, in ways that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment. There are about four types of natural alternative energy. Each energy has a different element used to create energy. The types of energy are wind power, solar power, geothermal power, hydroelectric power, and nuclear energy. In the next paragraphs, I’m going to explain the reasons why the world needs alternative energy and how the energy is harnessed.
First type of alternative energy is wind power. Using large blades can capture the winds power. The wind causes the blade to
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626 words - 3 pages
Melisa Horton
SC300 – Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to Mutation
Unit Four: Energy: How Work Gets Done
“Energy Alternatives”
January 15, 2013
Energy is used on a daily basis by all living creatures on Earth. Energy consumption can be achieved in multiple ways. Some examples of energy sources are electricity, natural gas, water, propane gas, gasoline, solar, biofuel, coal, geothermal, hydrogen, hydropower, petroleum, uranium and wind. Some forms of energy are renewable and constantly recharge or reproduce themselves. Others are non-renewable and once used are gone forever. Non-renewable energy is something that new construction is trying to minimize or even avoid to build
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1051 words - 5 pages
Energy to Change
Non renewable energy sources, are exactly that, NON RENEWABLE, then why do we depend on them so much? The U.S is the number one consumer of non-renewable energy resources such as fossil fuels. The U.S consumes so many of these resources that we must import them from other countries. With the hour glass slowly empting down, many solutions have been theorized. And many of these theories are now in use. Solar power, wind energy and hydropower are some of the more popular and more widely used sources of renewable energy. The issue now isn’t coming up with a solution, it’s getting the people to accept and promote the solution.
With the U.S acquiring 92% of its energy, from
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1306 words - 6 pages
Energy Inc.
Date: February 15, 2013
Prepared by: Christiana Egwakhe
Reviewed by: Professor Robert Elya
ISSUE: Accounting for loss provisions under the different fact patterns.
BRIEF BACKGROUND
Energy Inc. (Energy), a Public Company, operates in the oil industry. Energy’s operations sometimes result in soil contamination. Energy cleans up this contamination when required to do so under the laws of the particular country in which it operates. Energy Inc. has a widely published environmental policy in which it undertakes to clean up all contamination that it causes. Energy, Inc. has a record of honoring this published policy.
Energy is currently evaluating certain fact patterns to
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1507 words - 7 pages
Energy Transformation
Energy transformation is the process of changing energy from one form to another. This process is happening all the time, both in the world and within people. When people consume food, the body utilizes the chemical energy in the bonds of the food and transforms it into mechanical energy, a new form of chemical energy, or thermal energy. Energy transformation is an important concept in the application of the physical sciences. The ability for energy to be transformed automates, lights, entertains, and warms the world in an astounding multitude of ways.
The concept of energy transformation can be illustrated in a number of common activities. An engine, such as the
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539 words - 3 pages
The use of Solar Energy by Maltese Households
By Dimitar Dimitrov
About Solar Energy
Solar energy is the collection of light from the sun (by the use of solar panels) which is turned into energy.
Solar panels consist of many small solar cells each of which convert attracted light rays into electricity.
The solar panels themselves are made out of silicon and have a matt black colouring which makes the attraction of light rays much easier.
One benefit it has over fossil fuels is that it produces a lot less, if not no, pollution than the use of fossil fuels which are very pollutant.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy
Advantages:
Solar
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810 words - 4 pages
Dark energy what is it? Dark energy is a unknown energy said to take up 70 percent of the universe. The energy is a repulsive gravitational effect that is causing the universe to accelerate out-ward. No one knows exactly what dark energy is or where it comes from.
Dark Energy is a new idea. Little is known about dark energy, yet it takes up a huge amount if the universe.
Scientist were able to show the universe was expanding at an accelerated rate by measuring the red-shift of an object by comparing the spectral lines of the elements and the spectral lines of the same elements measured in a lab. The
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1178 words - 5 pages
rapid increase in global population and its consequences in the last century, some hold that sustainable population growth is the only key to a thriving civilization hereafter. However, sustainable energy is argued to have an important part in that progress. With regard to the inextricable relationships between energy and the economy on the one hand and energy and the environment on the other hand, the essential role of sustainable energy in ensuring the future of our society will be examined in this essay.
Firstly, sustainable energy is likely to be the backbone of the future world. Generally, almost every economic activity needs energy in order to maintain healthy conditions and thus be
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1638 words - 7 pages
‘‘PERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE’’
Solar power is a viable source of energy.
‘INTRODUCTION’
ATTENTION GETTER: It’s the human condition to underappreciate what we are given when we become accustomed to its presence .The everyday convenience of electricity isn’t fully appreciated until a power line goes down and you’re thrust back into the colonial times with candles and fire stoves. Unfortunately as Pakistani’s we visit the dark ages several times a day. So now I ask you to imagine a Pakistan where unlike the false promises of politicians there is actually electricity in every house, where you don’t have to hear the gyrating noise of a generator everywhere you go. A Pakistan which isn’t
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5103 words - 21 pages
Renewable Energy
Summary
Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth (biomess) and geothermal heat. According to the International Energy Agency (2002), “Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.”
Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over the world. Compare to other
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3161 words - 13 pages
Research suggests that solar energy is the best option for sustainable energy in this country because it generates clean, reliable electricity, it helps the economy, and it contributes to reducing the environmental impact generated by other energy sources
Ricardo Araujo
Westerns Governors University
Energy production and usage continue to pose significant environmental challenges. Various administrative organizations have established various mechanisms through which environmental protection can get achieved (Growing Significance of Renewable Energy (Presentation), 2007).
The threat emerges from the continuous usage of fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel that produce large amounts
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720 words - 3 pages
Research in Sustainable Energy Economics
Shuddhasattwa Rafiq
Greenpeace Video on Sustainable Energy.mp4
Presentation Plan
• Motivation • Research areas • Papers and proposals in different research areas
Motivations
To undertake meaningful academic and professional research in the field of energy economics which would ultimately lead to delivering key sustainability principles in regional, national and international levels. Pure data driven analytical studies based on recent quantitative research underpinnings strengthen sustainable energy planning to ensure community involvement, inter-generational equity, biological diversity, ecological integrity, and precautionary social
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2321 words - 10 pages
Even though it is too large of a task to handle, the human race altogether needs to understand what energy conservation provides because energy conservation may save human lives as well as the entire human population as a whole; the greatness about energy conservation is that it can save households and businesses money. The world today is built upon speed, demand, and the power of energy. Today's human way of life works around consuming energy in many aspects of daily life because we use an enormous amount of transportation, heat, and electricity. Energy conservation is the basic performance of diminishing the amount of energy consumption that takes place in our daily lives. Enormous
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1510 words - 7 pages
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy sources have a huge contribution to make in creating a sustainable energy system.
They help to mitigate climate change, increase the security of our global energy supply system and give
developing countries access to affordable energy in support of the UN Millennium Development Goals.
Renewable energy could meet almost half of global energy demand by 2050 according to the
International Energy Agency’s ambitious BLUE MAP scenario published in Energy Technology Perspectives 2008. Under this scenario, world greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are halved. By the end of the century, it is conceivable that global energy needs could be supplied mainly from
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1170 words - 5 pages
Alternative Energy
English Composition 122
May 30, 2010
The need for alternative and sustainable sources of energy has never been more compelling. The development of clean energy sources is essential if the United States is to reduce greenhouse gases and slow global warming. Today, electrical generation is responsible for 41 percent of the Unites States’ carbon dioxide emissions. The majority of electrical generation comes from conventional, fossil fuel run, power plants, with nuclear power being the leading alternative. But neither source is renewable or sustainable, furthermore, nuclear energy is beset with many problems.
Alternative energy refers to energy sources
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1156 words - 5 pages
The extinction of fossil fuels was never an issue back in the day until the mid-1700s when the Industrial Revolution caused a major spike in the use of these resources. Now it's a crucial problem and there are predictions that by 2088, fossil fuels will completely run out (Ecotricity).These fossil fuels also have caused major issues with the environment in regards to global warming. In contrast to all these negatives, many countries rely on these fuels as a source of income and a major exported product. In order to not run out of these fossil fuels and save the earth, humans need to heavily consider alternative energy sources because they will last throughout history.
Fossil fuels are
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1053 words - 5 pages
Only 50 years ago, nuclear energy was an exotic, futuristic technology-the subject of experiments and the stuff of science fiction.How things have changed.Today, we Americans get more electricity from nuclear energy than from any other source, except coal. In many states, nuclear energy is the leading source of electricity. And because all the "lower 48" states are interconnected by power lines, the vast majority of Americans get some electricity from nuclear power plants.That means nuclear energy helps you enjoy the convenience of your microwave, the comfort of your electric blanket, and the fun of your CD player-even if there isn't a plant near your home.Do we get any other benefits from
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1687 words - 7 pages
Christian A. Damico
Elaine E. Whitaker
ENGL 1101-08
November 17, 2012
The Nuclear Solution
The need for electricity has risen to an all time high, as the number of electronic devices in use increases along side that of America’s growing population, consumption has began to exceed that of production. In order to meet these demands energy needs to be produced in a more efficient and effective manner. Although there is no shortage of renewable resources such as water, wind, and the sun, these resources have yet prove their ability to provide us with the extensive amount of energy we require. On the other hand nuclear power has shown great success and I believe may be the solution to
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579 words - 3 pages
Today one of the most popular and well known alternative forms of energy is solar power. There are two types of solar energy, Passive Solar - which uses natural processes without mechanical equipment, and additional electrical or gas energy to operate, and Active Solar - which uses nature's resources with the inclusion of mechanical equipment and hardware driven by electricity and gas.Solar energy has many advantages. It is an easy, quiet, reliable source of energy. Solar energy was first used it was used in satellites, and has since grown to prove that it can be used for many other things. "Nowadays the use of solar electricity is widespread. In remote areas where there is no connection to
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960 words - 4 pages
Associate Program Material
Cell Energy Worksheet
Answer the following questions:
Cellular respiration:
• What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages?
Cell respiration is the most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food. It is a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. ATP is a high energy molecule, and is also expended by the working cells. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and has three main stages which include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport.
• What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products
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2072 words - 9 pages
Introduction
The absorption of one company by the other has grown to a big emerging trend in many developing economies. Absorptions also have been the drivers of growth through the search for new markets which has increased competition within the local markets. There are various issues that may arise from Big energy in the absorption of XYZ Energy which shall be discussed in detail. There are various strategies that Big Energy could use to deal with the issues which will be discussed further below.
Q1.
Values
In the event of absorption like this one between Big Energy Company and XYZ Energy job satisfaction of employees would be a problem and lead to value changes. The company being
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683 words - 3 pages
My – Health 350 Week 3 DB – Energy Drinks
Something I learned in my last Health class is the ever-increasing use of today’s new “Energy Drinks.” Caffeine is the single most used drug in America. How many of us must have that morning cup of coffee before heading out the door? How many college students are staying up late at night preparing for a mid-term or final exam by drink these new, all natural, safe, energy drinks? You may want to read their labels and adjust your thinking. You may want to include a little research in regards to these drinks.
At this time there is no long-term research to report on in regards to energy drinks. What we do know is that these drinks have
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908 words - 4 pages
Nuclear Energy
In the article Bad Reactors, Mariah Blake argues that there are problems with the resurgence of nuclear energy as a viable option to our increasing energy demands. Blake discusses the fact that new nuclear construction projects are still prone to the same delays and multi-billion cost overruns that the industry was plagued with decades ago. She also discusses the financial risk involved with the companies that build or finance the reactors and the financial burdens put on the American taxpayers. Blake also keys in on the problem that the huge subsidies given to the nuclear energy industry is crowding out the growth of the renewable energy industry such as wind and
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1317 words - 6 pages
Some may ask what nuclear energy is, the dictionary defines this as:
1. The energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or fusion.
2. Nuclear energy regarded as a source of power. Also called atomic energy
Nuclear power was first known to be researched in the early 1900's, and by the world war; it reached its greatest peak by demonstrating to the world its power to destroy. Nuclear energy can be good or bad, depending on how the person works with this material; it is used for both sides good and bad.
Scientists were unsure from the beginning of how it was possible to get energy from the material called Uranium. They were sure that with its uniqueness it
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950 words - 4 pages
Energy Summary
SCI/362
April 25, 2011
Energy Summary
This summary of Energy will review three cases, The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Yucca Mountain, and The Three Gorges Dam. It will identify each type of energy source, its relative abundance and environmental impact along with evaluating the economic and ethical issues of each energy source highlighted by these three cases. The summary will identify the interests of prominent stakeholders, and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each energy source according to each stakeholder’s point of view and present possible strategies for solving the limited-resource issues raised in these case studies with explaining the role
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530 words - 3 pages
Module 5 Written assignment: Alliant Energy
1. Who are the main players (name and position)?
The main player is Alliant Energy.
2. In what business or businesses and industry or industries is the company operating?
Alliant Energy is a power and utility industry that provides electrical power and natural gas.
3. What are the issues and problems facing the company? (Sort them by importance and urgency.)
The current issue that Alliant Energy is facing is maintaining diversity within supplies and employees.
4. What is the primary problem for the company/organization in this case?
The main problem that Alliant Energy is facing is that their employees are confused about
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1792 words - 8 pages
Energy Conservation
Tips for Energy Efficient Home
Robin Pitts
Axia College
Energy use and conservation is a much publicized topic in the world today. There are many different sources of energy and the focus of this paper will be on home uses. Energy used in the homes comes from a few different sources. Most home uses as of today are from nonrenewable resources. Resources that cannot replenish will be depleted forever, and future generations will need to create alternative sources of energy. Electricity is used to light homes and run appliances. Many electric companies use coal to create electricity. Oil and natural gas are used to heat our homes. This energy is wasted
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1651 words - 7 pages
Green Wind Energy
All we hear about anymore is green this and green that along with what are you doing to contribute to the green way of living? What changes have you made in your daily life to ensure the future of our earth? A lot of information and talk centers on our energy generating techniques and safer ways it can be done without the use of fossil fuels. One of them being the use of wind energy, harness the air that it already moving around without causing anymore damage to our earth. Sounds like a reasonable request but what does it all entail…
Lets do some research into how long this idea has been used and the different approaches that have been taken to make it happen. Wind is
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2738 words - 11 pages
Energy Saving Through Smart Home
By M.VINOD KUMAR 09H71A0256 K.V.P.CHAND 10H75A0206
EEE, B-tech IV year
MIC College of Technology
Kanchikacherla
1
Abstract-Energy saving is considered as one of the most important issue affects the
consumers, power system quality and the global environment. The high energy demanded by home appliances, air conditioning and lighting makes homes to be considered as one of the most critical area for the impact of energy consumption. Smart home technology is a good choice for people not only care about security, comfort but energy saving as well. In this paper, a smart home energy management technique based on a set of sensors is presented. It minimizes the
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549 words - 3 pages
Energy Flow
Energy Flow
Holly Regan
SCI/275
August 10, 2014
Stacy Murphy
Energy Flow
The position of an organism in a food chain is called its trophic level. Producers are on the first trophic level because they are the self-producers. Producers are organisms like grass, plankton, and plants. Herbivores are on the second level, which are considered the first-order consumers. The first-order consumers eat the grass, plants, or plankton, and these consumers are mainly insects, small animals or small fish. Carnivores are on the third level, which is considered the second-order consumer. The second order consumer feeds on the producers and first-order consumers.
When comparing
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5609 words - 23 pages
Solar energy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about all uses of solar energy. For generation of electricity using solar energy, see Solar power.
Nellis Solar Power Plant in the United States, the largest photovoltaic power plant in North America.
Renewable energy |
|
Biofuel
Biomass
Geothermal
Hydroelectricity
Solar energy
Tidal power
Wave power
Wind power |
v · d · e |
Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar radiation, along with secondary solar-powered resources such as wind and wave power
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744 words - 3 pages
What does it cost to turn on a light switch, run the TV all day, or take a long hot shower? How many hours a day, week, or year do we have to work just to pay for the gas in our cars, air conditioning and heating in our homes, or storage of old leftover food in our refrigerators? How early could a person retire if he never had to pay an electric bill his entire life? How many people would not be impoverished if they could forgo the monthly electric bill debt? Free energy, an untapped resource, means self-sufficiency, pride, and a better standard of living.
My first visible sign of infatuation with the free energy concept began with a high school chemistry project. I do not know if it
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3067 words - 13 pages
Can Nuclear Energy Be the Answer?
It is only possible to mitigate global warming if the world-wide consumption of fossil fuels can be drastically reduced in the next 10 to 15 years. There is simply no room for a scenario as it is depicted by Lester R. Brown in the book Plan B 4.0 Mobilizing to Save Civilization. The scenario plays out like a horror movie, poverty, depleted water supply, food shortages, terrorism, over population, disastrous floods, erratic changes in ocean currents and global warming. What is causing global warming? Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to
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978 words - 4 pages
April 29, 2013
Noble Energy Announces Organizational And Executive Leadership Changes In Support Of Multi-Year Growth Agenda
HOUSTON, April 29, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Noble Energy, Inc. (NYSE: NBL) today announced that it has enhanced its organizational structure to support the material growth it is anticipating over the next several years, as well as to continue the development of its senior leadership team. The new organizational structure has been designed to better align business units with common activities by taking advantage of natural synergies and to better balance responsibilities to facilitate growth. The new structure includes three major operating regions: U.S. Onshore
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2202 words - 9 pages
Prepaid Energy Meter (AT89S52)
A scheme of Electricity billing system called "PREPAID ENERGY METER WITH TARIFF INDICATOR" can facilitate in improved cash flow management in energy utilities and can reduces problem associated with billing consumer living in isolated area and reduces deployment of manpower for taking meter readings.
Every consumer can buy a memory card (is nothing but an EEPROM IC) with a password stored inside it using a MC program. The memory card is available at various ranges (ie. Rs 50, Rs 100, Rs 200 etc).In our project we have given the name for memory card as smart card.
When the consumer insert a smart card into the card reader which is connected kit.Then the card
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2014 words - 9 pages
Final
Environmental Science
Tiffany Garris
April 15, 2012
Marc Romine
Energy Conservation
Energy conservation is a simple way to solve many problems but the one we are focusing on today is called acid rain. Acid rain is a devastating effect of energy consumption. The only way to reduce it is to use less natural resources, or energy conservation. Energy consumption and air pollution has become a hot topic recently and is so linked to each other that you cannot have one without the other. One of the worst places for acid rain is China. This is due to their massive consumption of energy sources. The nonrenewable resource they mostly use is coal. Their
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4003 words - 17 pages
4129
JUNE 19, 2009
TIMOTHY A. LUEHRMAN
JOEL L. HEILPRIN
Midland Energy Resources, Inc.: Cost of Capital
In late January 2007, Janet Mortensen, senior vice president of project finance for Midland Energy
Resources, was preparing her annual cost of capital estimates for Midland and each of its three
divisions. Midland was a global energy company with operations in oil and gas exploration and
production (E&P), refining and marketing (R&M), and petrochemicals. On a consolidated basis, the
firm had 2006 operating revenue and operating income of $248.5 billion and $42.2 billion,
respectively.
Estimates of the cost of capital were used in many analyses within Midland, including
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