The article presents recent results of archaeological excavations at Kampyrtepa, an ancient site on the river Oxus located 30 km west of Termez. In particular, three building periods have been identified for Hellenistic Kampyrtepa. During the first period, dating from the end of the 4th century BC up to 235/230 BC, a strongly fortified phrourion was built – φρούριον – with towers, gates, bastions, and other defences. A large sanctuary was established at the same time inside the φρουρίον. Based on written sources and archaeological records the author claims that the first Graeco-Macedonian φρούριον ever built in Transoxiana by Alexander the Great was at the site of Kampyrtepa.

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