Caesar cipherCaesar cipher, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques.
The transformation can be represented by aligning two alphabets,
the cipher alphabet is the plain alphabet rotated left or right by some number of positions.
When encrypting, a person looks up each letter of the message in the 'plain'
line and writes down the corresponding letter in the 'cipher' line. Deciphering is done in reverse.
The encryption can also be represented using modular arithmetic
by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1,..., Z = 25.
Encryption of a letter x by a shift n can be described mathematically as
Plaintext: dhritarashtra

cipher variations:

eisjubsbtiusb

fjtkvctcujvtc

gkulwdudvkwud

hlvmxevewlxve

imwnyfwfxmywf

jnxozgxgynzxg

koypahyhzoayh

lpzqbiziapbzi

mqarcjajbqcaj

nrbsdkbkcrdbk

osctelcldsecl

ptdufmdmetfdm

quevgnenfugen

rvfwhofogvhfo

swgxipgphwigp

txhyjqhqixjhq

uyizkrirjykir

vzjalsjskzljs

wakbmtktlamkt

xblcnulumbnlu

ycmdovmvncomv

zdnepwnwodpnw

aeofqxoxpeqox

bfpgrypyqfrpy

cgqhszqzrgsqz

Decryption is performed similarly,
(There are different definitions for the modulo operation.
In the above, the result is in the range 0...25. I.e., if x+n or x-n are not in the range 0...25,
we have to subtract or add 26.)
Read more ...Atbash CipherAtbash is an ancient encryption system created in the Middle East.
It was originally used in the Hebrew language.
The Atbash cipher is a simple substitution cipher that relies on
transposing all the letters in the alphabet such that the resulting alphabet is backwards.
The first letter is replaced with the last letter, the second with the second-last, and so on.
An example plaintext to ciphertext using Atbash:

Baconian CipherTo encode a message, each letter of the plaintext is replaced by a group of five of the letters 'A' or 'B'.
This replacement is done according to the alphabet of the Baconian cipher, shown below.

Affine CipherIn the affine cipher the letters of an alphabet of size m are first mapped to the integers
in the range 0..m - 1. It then uses modular arithmetic to transform the integer that each plaintext
letter corresponds to into another integer that correspond to a ciphertext letter.
The encryption function for a single letter is
where modulus m is the size of the alphabet and a and b are the key of the cipher.
The value a must be chosen such that a and m are coprime.Considering the specific case of encrypting messages in English (i.e. m = 26),
there are a total of 286 non-trivial affine ciphers, not counting the 26 trivial Caesar ciphers.
This number comes from the fact there are 12 numbers that are coprime with 26 that are less than 26
(these are the possible values of a). Each value of a can have 26 different addition shifts (the b value)
; therefore, there are 12*26 or 312 possible keys.Plaintext: dhritarashtra

cipher variations:

eisjubsbtiusb

kwazgbabdwgab

qkipsbibnksib

wyqfebqbxyeqb

cmyvqbybhmqyb

iaglcbgbracgb

ucwrabwblcawb

aqehmbebvqmeb

gemxybmbfeymb

msunkbubpskub

sgcdwbcbzgwcb

yuktibkbjuikb

fjtkvctcujvtc

lxbahcbcexhbc

rljqtcjcoltjc

xzrgfcrcyzfrc

dnzwrczcinrzc

jbhmdchcsbdhc

vdxsbcxcmdbxc

brfincfcwrnfc

hfnyzcncgfznc

ntvolcvcqtlvc

thdexcdcahxdc

zvlujclckvjlc

gkulwdudvkwud

mycbidcdfyicd

smkrudkdpmukd

yashgdsdzagsd

eoaxsdadjosad

kcinedidtceid

weytcdydnecyd

csgjodgdxsogd

igozadodhgaod

ouwpmdwdrumwd

uiefydedbiyed

awmvkdmdlwkmd

hlvmxevewlxve

nzdcjedegzjde

tnlsveleqnvle

zbtiheteabhte

fpbytebekptbe

ldjofejeudfje

xfzudezeofdze

dthkpeheytphe

jhpabepeihbpe

pvxqnexesvnxe

vjfgzefecjzfe

bxnwlenemxlne

imwnyfwfxmywf

oaedkfefhakef

uomtwfmfrowmf

acujifufbciuf

gqczufcflqucf

mekpgfkfvegkf

ygavefafpgeaf

euilqfifzuqif

kiqbcfqfjicqf

qwyrofyftwoyf

wkghafgfdkagf

cyoxmfofnymof

jnxozgxgynzxg

pbfelgfgiblfg

vpnuxgngspxng

bdvkjgvgcdjvg

hrdavgdgmrvdg

nflqhglgwfhlg

zhbwfgbgqhfbg

fvjmrgjgavrjg

ljrcdgrgkjdrg

rxzspgzguxpzg

xlhibghgelbhg

dzpyngpgoznpg

koypahyhzoayh

qcgfmhghjcmgh

wqovyhohtqyoh

cewlkhwhdekwh

isebwhehnsweh

ogmrihmhxgimh

aicxghchrigch

gwknshkhbwskh

mksdehshlkesh

syatqhahvyqah

ymijchihfmcih

eaqzohqhpaoqh

lpzqbiziapbzi

rdhgnihikdnhi

xrpwzipiurzpi

dfxmlixieflxi

jtfcxifiotxfi

phnsjiniyhjni

bjdyhidisjhdi

hxlotilicxtli

nltefitimlfti

tzburibiwzrbi

znjkdijigndji

fbrapiriqbpri

mqarcjajbqcaj

seihojijleoij

ysqxajqjvsaqj

egynmjyjfgmyj

kugdyjgjpuygj

qiotkjojzikoj

ckezijejtkiej

iympujmjdyumj

omufgjujnmguj

uacvsjcjxascj

aoklejkjhoekj

gcsbqjsjrcqsj

nrbsdkbkcrdbk

tfjipkjkmfpjk

ztrybkrkwtbrk

fhzonkzkghnzk

lvhezkhkqvzhk

rjpulkpkajlpk

dlfajkfkuljfk

jznqvknkezvnk

pnvghkvkonhvk

vbdwtkdkybtdk

bplmfklkipflk

hdtcrktksdrtk

osctelcldsecl

ugkjqlklngqkl

auszclslxucsl

giapolalhioal

mwifalilrwail

skqvmlqlbkmql

emgbklglvmkgl

kaorwlolfawol

qowhilwlpoiwl

wcexulelzcuel

cqmnglmljqgml

ieudslultesul

ptdufmdmetfdm

vhlkrmlmohrlm

bvtadmtmyvdtm

hjbqpmbmijpbm

nxjgbmjmsxbjm

tlrwnmrmclnrm

fnhclmhmwnlhm

lbpsxmpmgbxpm

rpxijmxmqpjxm

xdfyvmfmadvfm

drnohmnmkrhnm

jfvetmvmuftvm

quevgnenfugen

wimlsnmnpismn

cwubenunzweun

ikcrqncnjkqcn

oykhcnkntyckn

umsxonsndmosn

goidmninxomin

mcqtynqnhcyqn

sqyjknynrqkyn

yegzwngnbewgn

esopinonlsion

kgwfunwnvguwn

rvfwhofogvhfo

xjnmtonoqjtno

dxvcfovoaxfvo

jldsrodoklrdo

pzlidolouzdlo

vntypotoenpto

hpjenojoypnjo

ndruzoroidzro

trzklozosrlzo

zfhaxohocfxho

ftpqjopomtjpo

lhxgvoxowhvxo

swgxipgphwigp

ykonupoprkuop

eywdgpwpbygwp

kmetspeplmsep

qamjepmpvaemp

wouzqpupfoqup

iqkfopkpzqokp

oesvapspjeasp

usalmpaptsmap

agibypipdgyip

guqrkpqpnukqp

miyhwpypxiwyp

txhyjqhqixjhq

zlpovqpqslvpq

fzxehqxqczhxq

lnfutqfqmntfq

rbnkfqnqwbfnq

xpvarqvqgprvq

jrlgpqlqarplq

pftwbqtqkfbtq

vtbmnqbqutnbq

bhjczqjqehzjq

hvrslqrqovlrq

njzixqzqyjxzq

uyizkrirjykir

amqpwrqrtmwqr

gayfiryrdaiyr

mogvurgrnougr

scolgrorxcgor

yqwbsrwrhqswr

ksmhqrmrbsqmr

qguxcrurlgcur

wucnorcrvuocr

cikdarkrfiakr

iwstmrsrpwmsr

okajyrarzkyar

vzjalsjskzljs

bnrqxsrsunxrs

hbzgjszsebjzs

nphwvshsopvhs

tdpmhspsydhps

zrxctsxsirtxs

ltnirsnsctrns

rhvydsvsmhdvs

xvdopsdswvpds

djlebslsgjbls

jxtunstsqxnts

plbkzsbsalzbs

wakbmtktlamkt

cosrytstvoyst

icahktatfckat

oqixwtitpqwit

ueqnitqtzeiqt

asydutytjsuyt

muojstotdusot

siwzetwtniewt

ywepqtetxwqet

ekmfctmthkcmt

kyuvotutryout

qmclatctbmact

xblcnulumbnlu

dptszutuwpztu

jdbilubugdlbu

prjyxujuqrxju

vfrojuruafjru

btzevuzuktvzu

nvpktupuevtpu

tjxafuxuojfxu

zxfqrufuyxrfu

flngdunuildnu

lzvwpuvuszpvu

rndmbuducnbdu

ycmdovmvncomv

equtavuvxqauv

kecjmvcvhemcv

qskzyvkvrsykv

wgspkvsvbgksv

cuafwvavluwav

owqluvqvfwuqv

ukybgvyvpkgyv

aygrsvgvzysgv

gmohevovjmeov

mawxqvwvtaqwv

soencvevdocev

zdnepwnwodpnw

frvubwvwyrbvw

lfdknwdwifndw

rtlazwlwstzlw

xhtqlwtwchltw

dvbgxwbwmvxbw

pxrmvwrwgxvrw

vlzchwzwqlhzw

bzhstwhwazthw

hnpifwpwknfpw

nbxyrwxwubrxw

tpfodwfwepdfw

aeofqxoxpeqox

gswvcxwxzscwx

mgeloxexjgoex

sumbaxmxtuamx

yiurmxuxdimux

ewchyxcxnwycx

qysnwxsxhywsx

wmadixaxrmiax

caituxixbauix

ioqjgxqxlogqx

ocyzsxyxvcsyx

uqgpexgxfqegx

bfpgrypyqfrpy

htxwdyxyatdxy

nhfmpyfykhpfy

tvncbynyuvbny

zjvsnyvyejnvy

fxdizydyoxzdy

rztoxytyizxty

xnbejybysnjby

dbjuvyjycbvjy

jprkhyrymphry

pdzatyzywdtzy

vrhqfyhygrfhy

cgqhszqzrgsqz

iuyxezyzbueyz

oignqzgzliqgz

uwodczozvwcoz

akwtozwzfkowz

gyejazezpyaez

saupyzuzjayuz

yocfkzcztokcz

eckvwzkzdcwkz

kqslizsznqisz

qeabuzazxeuaz

wsirgzizhsgiz

dhritarashtra

jvzyfazacvfza

pjhorahamjrha

vxpedapawxdpa

blxupaxaglpxa

hzfkbafaqzbfa

tbvqzavakbzva

zpdgladauplda

fdlwxalaedxla

lrtmjataorjta

rfbcvabayfvba

xtjshajaithja

The decryption function iswhere a - 1 is the modular multiplicative inverse of a modulo m. I.e., it satisfies the equationThe multiplicative inverse of a only exists if a and m are coprime.
Hence without the restriction on a decryption might not be possible.
It can be shown as follows that decryption function is the inverse of the encryption function,Read more ...

ROT13 CipherApplying ROT13 to a piece of text merely requires examining its alphabetic
characters and replacing each one by the letter 13 places further along in the alphabet,
wrapping back to the beginning if necessary. A becomes N, B becomes O, and so on up to M,
which becomes Z, then the sequence continues at the beginning of the alphabet: N becomes A,
O becomes B, and so on to Z, which becomes M. Only those letters which occur in the English
alphabet are affected; numbers, symbols, whitespace, and all other characters are left unchanged.
Because there are 26 letters in the English alphabet and 26 = 2 * 13, the ROT13 function is its own inverse:

Polybius SquareA Polybius Square is a table that allows someone to translate letters into numbers.
To give a small level of encryption, this table can be randomized and shared with the recipient.
In order to fit the 26 letters of the alphabet into the 25 spots created by the table, the letters
i and j are usually combined.

1

2

3

4

5

1

A

B

C

D

E

2

F

G

H

I/J

K

3

L

M

N

O

P

4

Q

R

S

T

U

5

V

W

X

Y

Z

Basic Form:

Plain:

dhritarashtra

Cipher:

41322442441124113432442411

Extended Methods:Method #1

Plaintext: dhritarashtra

method variations:

inwoyfwfxnywf

osbtdlblcsdbl

txgyiqgqhxigq

ycmdovmvncomv

Method #2Bifid cipherThe message is converted to its coordinates in the usual manner, but they are written vertically beneath:

Permutation CipherIn classical cryptography, a permutation cipher is a transposition cipher in which the key is a permutation.
To apply a cipher, a random permutation of size E is generated (the larger the value of E the more secure the cipher).
The plaintext is then broken into segments of size E and the letters within that segment are permuted according to
this key.
In theory, any transposition cipher can be viewed as a permutation cipher where E is equal to the
length of the plaintext; this is too cumbersome a generalisation to use in actual practice, however.
The idea behind a permutation cipher is to keep the plaintext characters unchanged,
butalter their positions by rearrangement using a permutation
This cipher is defined as:Let m be a positive integer, and K consist of all permutations of {1,...,m}For a key (permutation) , define:
The encryption function The decryption function A small example, assuming m = 6, and the key is the permutation
:The first row is the value of i,
and the second row is the corresponding value of (i)The inverse permutation, is constructed by interchanging the two rows,
andrearranging the columns so that the first row is in increasing order, Therefore, is:
Total variation formula: e = 2,718281828 , n - plaintext length