Pharmacology 2016 focuses on the importance to understand drugs and how they can affect human physiology. It is with better understanding of Pharmacolo­gy one can know the right dosage and dosage forms of drugs. More research in pharmacology deals with identifying and responding to drug interactions and its side effects along with its mechanism of action, its therapeutic index and thereby treat ac­cordingly. More intensive study with the interaction between drug and its therapeutic effect helps to identify the properties of ideal drugs.

Psychopharmacology is the learning of the effects of medication on the psyche (psychology), observing changed behaviors and how molecular events are manifest in a measurable behavioral form. Neuropharmacology is the study of the effects of medication on central and peripheral nervous system performance. Principles related to psychopharmacology. Neurogenesis and repair deal with other aspects on the indications for medications prescribed to address psychiatric and behavioral problems, that are associated with, including antipsychotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant medications, acquired brain injury and Neurocognitive effects associated with therapeutic drugs also include mood stabilizers and treatments prescribed for disorders of attention. The treatments may cause side effects such as induction of the metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes related to the medications prescribed for management of psychiatric and behavioral disorders and disturbances. Ethnopsychopharmacology also deals with the biotransformation and metabolism of medications, as well as specific differential actions: i.e., CYP450 enzymatic inhibition and induction of metabolism of psychopharmacological and herbaceutical substrates.

Clinical Pharmacology has been practiced for centuries through observing the effects of herbal remedies and early drugs on humans. The pharmacologic effect that a medication has on the body is known as pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters become important because of the association between host drug concentrations, microorganism eradication, and resistance. Since long scientific advances allowed scientists to come together with the study of physiological effects with biological effects Receptor theory for drug effects and its discovery with clinical pharmacology has stretched out to be a multidisciplinary field and has contributed to the findings of drug interaction, therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Drug interactions and pharmacological compatibilities include the study of pharmacokinetics that includes the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs. The pharmacologic effect that a medication has on the body is known as pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters become especially important because of the association between drug application, microorganism abolition, and resistance.

Psychopharmacology is the learning of the effects of medication on the psyche (psychology), observing changed behaviors and how molecular events are manifest in a measurable behavioral form. Neuropharmacology is the study of the effects of medication on central and peripheral nervous system performance. Principles related to psychopharmacology. Neurogenesis and repair deal with other aspects on the indications for medications prescribed to address psychiatric and behavioral problems, that are associated with, including antipsychotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant medications, acquired brain injury and Neurocognitive effects associated with therapeutic drugs also include mood stabilizers and treatments prescribed for disorders of attention. The treatments may cause side effects such as induction of the metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes related to the medications prescribed for management of psychiatric and behavioral disorders and disturbances. Ethnaophsychopharmacology also deals with the biotransformation and metabolism of medications, as well as specific differential actions: i.e., CYP450 enzyme inhibition and induction of metabolism of psychopharmacological and herbaceutical substrates.

Cardio pharmacodynamics of digitalis is most frequently used to increase the adequacy of the circulation in patients with CCF and to slow the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter NB: the main action of digitalis is its ability to increase myocardial contractility its positive isotropic action results in, a. increased cardiac output, b. decreased heart size, c. decreased venous pressure, d. decreased circulating blood volume, e. diuresis and relief of edema as digitalis frequently causes a dramatic reduction in the ventricular rate, it was originally believed this was the main effect subsequently shown to be beneficial irrespective of the HR, its predominant effects being on contractility in addition to the cardiac effects, digitalis has a direct action on, a. vascular smooth muscle b. neural tissue the later being responsible for indirect cardiac actions of the drug finally, changes to the circulation brought about by digitalis frequently result in reflex autonomic & hormonal changes which effect the CVS. Role of drugs in coronary circulation the circulatory system is busy providing oxygen and nourishment to every cell of the body, let's not forget that the heart, which works hardest of all, needs nourishment, too. Coronary circulation refers to the movement of blood through the tissues of the heart. The circulation of blood through the heart is just one part of the overall circulatory system. Pharmacology of vascular endothelium deals with alterations of endothelial cells and the vasculature play a central role in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of the most dreadful of human diseases, as endothelial cells have the key function of participating in the maintenance of patent and functional capillaries. The endothelium is directly involved in peripheral vascular disease, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, insulin resistance, chronic kidney failure, tumor growth, metastasis, venous thrombosis, and severe viral infectious diseases. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is thus a hallmark of human diseases. In this review the main endothelial abnormalities found in various human diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and viral infections are addressed.

Integrative Pharmacological Investigations include conglomeration of more number of pharmacological aspects and aggregated scientific research of two or more drugs. Natural products of chemistry in drug discovery play a vital role in bringing advances in traditional drug treatments. Chemistry and structural elucidation of drugs accelerate potential treatment options in the evolving developmental changes. Natural and synthetic derivatives in pharmacological studies are important aspect of advances in the development and investigation that avoid adverse drug reactions of the synthetic medicine. Mere change in the structures of the drugs can cause potential differences in efficacy and therapeutics of drug treatment.

Recent advances in DNA repair are DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are lesions caused by a variety of endogenous metabolites, ecological exposures, and cancer chemotherapeutic agents that have two reactive groups. The general feature of these diverse lesions is that two nucleotides on opposite strands are joined covalently. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are clearly correlated. The somatic mutation theory of cancer holds that these agents cause cancer by causing the mutation of somatic cells. A unique feature of inter-strand cross-links repair is that both strands of DNA must be incised to completely remove the lesion. Drug dosing guidelines accomplished in sequential steps to prevent creating multiple double-strand breaks. Understanding the specificity of mutagens in bacteria has led to the direct implication of certain environmental mutagens in the causation of human cancers.

Toxicology is the study of the undesirable effects of chemicals on living organisms. It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people. Principles of management of a poisoned patient and relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism deals with important criterion regarding the toxicity of a chemical is the dose, i.e. the amount of exposure to the substance. Hypothesis and data driven research focuses on substances that are toxic under the right conditions. The term LD50 refers to the dose of a toxic substance that kills 50 percent of test population. LD50 estimations in animals are no longer required for regulatory submissions as a part of pre-clinical development package. Toxicity associated with metabolites is the conventional relationship has been challenged in the study of endocrine disruptors. There are various specialized sub disciplines within the field of toxicology that concern diverse chemical and biological aspects of this area. Toxicology has played a significant role in verifying conclusions drawn on the basis of epidemiological findings.

Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the utilization and effects of drugs in large numbers of people; it provides an estimate of the probability of beneficial effects of a drug in a population and the probability of adverse effects. It can be called a bridge science spanning both clinical pharmacology and epidemiology. Pharmacoepidemiology concentrates on clinical patient outcomes from therapeutics by using methods of clinical epidemiology and applying them to understanding the determinants of beneficial and adverse drug effects, effects of genetic variation on drug effect, duration-response relationships, clinical effects of drug-drug interactions, and the effects of medication non-adherence. Pharmacovigilance is a part of Pharmacoepidemiology that involves continual monitoring, in a population, for unwanted effects and other safety concerns arising in drugs that are already on the market. Pharmacoepidemiology sometimes also involves the conduct and evaluation of programmatic efforts to improve medication use on a population basis.

Reverse pharmacology includes drug screening deals with reverse pharmacology and forward pharmacology are two approaches to drug discovery. Target based drug discovery is the process through which potential new medicines are identified. It involves a wide range of scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry and pharmacology, screening of chemical libraries and its pharmacology, methods to determine biological targeting, by systematically perturbing and interrogating biological pathways with synthetically novel chemical tools, preclinical validation of target biology is beginning to illuminate a more cost effective and efficient paradigm for the development of novel drugs modulating novel targets.

Liposomes and nanoparticles:Nanoscale drug delivery systems using liposome’s and nanoparticles are rising technologies for the rational delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment various ailments. Nanoparticles present possible dangers, both medically and environmentally. Most of these are due to the high surface to volume ratio, which can make the particles very reactive or catalytic. They are also able to pass through cell membranes in organisms, and their interactions with organic systems are relatively. It is unlikely the particles would enter the cell nucleus, and other internal cellular components due to the particle size and intercellular agglomeration. For drug delivery, Epigenetic mechanisms of importance for drug treatment. Pharmacometrics is the science which deals with quantitative description of disease, drug effects and variability. There are varies and applied techniques used in accelerator mass spectrometry to pharmacology and toxicology.

Ocular Pharmacology deals with the pharmacological effects of drugs that act on ophthalmic diseases. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ocular drugs is essentials for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Advanced studies in the drugs related to eye is important to for faster drug delivery and hence the drug action.

It is based on principles of drug action. Biochemical pharmacology uses the methods of biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, and cell physiology to define the mechanisms of drug action and how drugs influence the organism by studies on intact animals, organs, cells, sub cellular compartments and individual protein molecules. It explores the range of biochemical targets and mechanisms. It covers research on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs and non-therapeutic xenobiotics. It also involves in elucidation of cellular and tissue functions at the biochemical and molecular levels, the modification of cellular phenotypes by genetic, transcriptional or translational or drug or compound-induced modifications.

Development of medication is a vital concern to medicine. The metabolic stability and the reactivity of a library of candidate drug compounds have to be assessed for drug metabolism and toxicological studies. Many methods of pharmacological tests have been proposed for quantitative predictions in drug metabolism. If the chemical structure of a medicinal compound is altered to some extent, this could slightly or noticeably alter the medicinal properties of the compound based on the level of alteration as it relates to the structural composition of the substrate or receptor site on which it exerts its medicinal effect, a concept referred to as the structural activity relationship (SAR). When a useful activity has been identified, chemists will make many similar compounds called analogues, in an attempt to maximize the desired medicinal effect(s) of the compound.

Pharmacology for nurses is one of the most important elements in nursing education. It is the field is science that is related to management of drugs as per the disease profile of the patient. Nursing pharmacology is dealt with vigilance over the drug action on the patients from the initial stage of drug administration and further monitoring and observing the effects.

‘Pharmacology’ is an international forum to present and discuss current perspectives in drug research. Pharmacology is the unified study of the properties of chemicals and living organisms and all aspects of their interactions. It is an integrative rather than an autonomous science, drawing on the techniques and knowledge of many allied scientific disciplines. Hence it will be a platform for researchers, scientists, professional involved with drug development. Professors and Students from Academia in the study of Marketing and Advertising filed. Directors/Managers & Business Intelligence Experts, Departmental Managers, Vice Presidents/Directors & Brand Manufacturers/Marketers of Consumer Products. Retailers, Marketing, Advertising and Promotion Agency Executives, Solution Providers (digital and mobile technology, P-O-P design, retail design, and retail execution). As outsourced services in developing countries such as China and India move up the value chain to cover phase 1/2 trials, the total contracts value may increase to $30 billion by 2015.

Pharmacology 2016 focuses on the importance to understand drugs and how they can affect human physiology. It is with better understanding of Pharmacolo­gy one can know the right dosage and dosage forms of drugs. More research in pharmacology deals with identifying and responding to drug interactions and its side effects along with its mechanism of action, its therapeutic index and thereby treat ac­cordingly. More intensive study with the interaction between drug and its therapeutic effect helps to identify the properties of ideal drugs.

Why to attend???

Join your peers around the world focused on learning about Pharmacology and related advances, which is your single best opportunity to reach the largest assemblage of participants from the Pharmacology community, conduct demonstrations, distribute information, meet with current and potential professionals, make a splash with a new research works, and receive name recognition at this 3-day event. World-renowned speakers, the most recent research, advances, and the newest updates in Pharmacology are hallmarks of this conference.

Target Audience:

Students, Scientists, Researchers, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical

Universities, Medical Colleges, Researchers from Pharmaceutical

Companies, Pharmacy Associations and Societies, Business

Entrepreneurs, Training Institutes, Software developing companies,

Manufacturing Medical Devices Companies, CRO and Data

Management Companies.

Pharmacology 2016 welcomes attendees, presenters, and exhibitors from all over the world to Birmingham, UK. We are delighted to invite you all to attend and register for the “3rd World Congress on Pharmacology” (Pharmacology 2016) which is going to be held during August 08-10, 2016 at Birmingham, UK.The organizing committee is gearing up for an exciting and informative conference program including plenary lectures, symposia, workshops on a variety of topics, poster presentations and various programs for participants from all over the world. We invite you to join us at the Pharmacology-2016, where you will be sure to have a meaningful experience with scholars from around the world. All members of the Pharmacology-2016 organizing committee look forward to meeting you in Birmingham, UK.

‘Pharmacology’ is an international forum to present and discuss current perspectives in drug research. Pharmacology is the unified study of the properties of chemicals and living organisms and all aspects of their interactions. It is an integrative rather than an autonomous science, drawing on the techniques and knowledge of many allied scientific disciplines. Hence it will be a platform for researchers, scientists, professional involved with drug development. It is important to understand drugs and how they can affect living things. It is with better understanding of Pharmacology one can know the right dosage of drugs. More research in pharmacology deals with identifying and responding to drug interactions reactions and side effects and treat accordingly. It is useful to understand the process of drug intake, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. More intensive study with the interaction between drug and its effect helps in identify the properties of ideal drugs and otherwise.

Why UK??

A new method of projecting drug spending in the UK forecasts that the total market will show annual growth rates of 3.1%-4.1% to 2015, while sales in the branded segment will increase 0.5%-1.8% a year and total generics sales will grow 10%-11% yearly over the period. The UK pharma market is likely to experience real growth of 0.4% between 2010 and 2015. This is still better than a 3.2% real terms fall in Europe for the same period.The Office's new study, on the other hand, projects medicines expenditure in the UK to 2012 using a "product-by-product, pack-by-pack, expert-driven, bottom-up approach." This makes it possible to base forecasts on what is most likely to change in the medicines market.

Conference Highlights:

Clinical Pharmacology and its applications

Neuro pharmacology and its advances

Psychopharmacology

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety

Toxicology

Theoretical pharmacology

Posology

Forensic pharmacology and toxicology

Vascular pharmacology

Environmentalpharmacology

Why to attend???

With members from around the world focused on learning about drug developments and pharmacological studies; this is your single best opportunity to reach the largest assemblage of participants from the Pharmacology community. Conduct presentations, distribute information, meet with current and potential scientists, make a splash with new drug developments, and receive name recognition at this 2-day event. World-renowned speakers, the most recent techniques, developments, and the newest updates in Pharmacology are hallmarks of this conference. A Unique Opportunity for Advertisers and Sponsors at this International event:

The graph represents the percentage of CROs. A significant portion of R&D budgets are spent on outsourcing services (domestic and/or international) offered by the CRO industry, approximately $15 billion in 2007.This figure is expected to grow at 15% over the next seven years and should increase further with the broadening of the spectrum of services outsourced to cover the entire value chain. As outsourced services in developing countries such as China and India move up the value chain to cover phase 1/2 trials, the total contracts value may increase to $30 billion by 2015.

Glance at Market of Pharmacology:

These data describe the outcome of the patient as defined in U.S.reporting regulations. Serious means that one or more of the following outcomes were documented in the report: death, hospitalization, life threatening. There is a need to impede serious adverse effects caused by the drugs by enhancing drug targeting through research in pharmacology.

Top Universities in UK:

University of Cambridge

Cardiff University

Bath University

Strathclyde University

Nottingham University

East Anglia University

Aston University

Manchester University

University College London

Welcome Message

by

Dr. Karen Mulkijanyan

I am happy to learn that the ConferenceSeries Ltd is organizing the 3rd World Congress on Pharmacology, in Birmingham, UK, in August 08-10, 2016.

It is a great pleasure to meet multi-disciplinary group of scientists from around the world to present and share most recent advances in major areas of pharmacology and relatedsciences.

I strongly believe that the Congress will contribute to the development of our amazing science and give a push to new international linkages and joint researches.

The scientific program will provide an excellent opportunity for participating scientists to exchange new ideas and information on many issues covering Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Neuropharmacology, Psychopharmacology, Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Ethnopharmacology, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Toxicology, Ocular Pharmacology and other aspects of pharmacology and Drug Discovery. High standard plenary and keynote lectures will be provided by outstanding scholars invited from prestigious research centers. The Congress will be an excellent occasion for the participants to make new acquaintances and strengthen networking and research collaboration. As always, the Organizing Committee is sincerely making full efforts to feature wide-ranging scientific program to ensure that you are up-to-date with the latest developments on current research in general fields of rapidly growing pharmacological science.

I hope that during three days multiple trails of new knowledge will be actively explored by participants and merged into new Broadway of advances and breakthrough in relevant field of pharmacology.

On behalf of Tbilisi State Medical University I am pleased to welcome all participants to enjoy a rich, varied and attractive scientific and cultural program. I cordially wish you benefit from pleasant interaction with colleagues and carry home good memories of the 3rd World Congress on Pharmacology.

Prof. Karen MulkijanyanHead of the Department of Preclinical Pharmacological ResearchTbilisi State Medical University
Institute of PharmacochemistryGeorgia

Pharmacology 2016 Pre-Conference Workshop

Pharmacology 2016 & Tbilisi State Medical University Institute of Pharmacochemistry hosted Pre-Conference Workshop on Pharmacological Research on October 21, 2015 at Conference Hall of TSMU Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia.

We would like to thank all the dignitaries, speakers, workshop attendees and students, for makingthePre-Conference Workshop on Pharmacological Research a wonderful event!

The conference was initiated with a series of lectures delivered by distinguished speakers and research scholars. The list includes:

· Karen Mulkijanyan, TSMU Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Georgia

· Vakhtang Barbakadze, TSMU Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Georgia

· Maia Okujava, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

· Natia Nizharadze, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

· Sopio Gokadze, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

· Malkhaz Getia, TSMU Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Georgia

OMICS International offers its heartfelt appreciation to the Organizing Committee Member, Dr.Karen Mulkijanyan, for his initiative and kind efforts in organizing the workshop.

With the grand success of Pre-Conference Workshop, OMICS International take the immense pleasure to announce the “3rd World Congress on Pharmacology" to be held during August 8-10, 2016 at Birmingham, UK.

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Highlights from last year’s Convention!

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