Imam Sadegh (Saalam of God be upon him) said: when the Messenger of God ( peace be upon him and his households) died and Abubakr took his position, he sent someone to the agent of Fatimah Zahra (peace of God be upon her) at Fadak and drove out of it . therefore, Fatimah (saalam of God be upon her) came to him and said: O Abu Bakr, you claimed that you are my father’s substitute and took his position and sent someone to my agent and expelled him out of Fadak while you know that my father had gifted it to me (and Fadak is mine) and I have witnesses for my assertions. Then Ali (salaam of God be upon him) told her: come to Abu Bakr (when he is alone) , really he is more fragile than the other one (Ummar) and told him: you have claimed that you are my father’s substitute and taken his position and even if Fadak was yours and I asked you for it , again you should give me it ( to show respect). When Fatimah Zahra (saalam of God be upon her) came to him and told him these words, Abu Bakr said: you are right; then he asked for a piece of paper and ordered to return Fadak to Fatimah Zahra (saalam of God be upon her).

Then Hazrat Sadegh (salaam of God be upon him) said: Hazrat Fatimah (saalam of God be upon her) came out while having the paper in her hands. Ummar saw her and said: O, the daughter of Muhammad, what is it in your hands? Hazrat said: this is a letter written by Abu Bakr ordering to return Fadak to me. Then he said: give me it. Hazrat refused to give the letter; then while she was pregnant Muhsen, Ummar kicked her and Mohsen was miscarried.

Whenever I see her, I think of events happening to her after my death. It seems I see her while humiliation entered her house , her respect violated, her right expropriated and deprived of her inheritance and her side broken and her son was miscarried and she calls O Muhammadah but nobody answers him… therefore, she is the first one of my households joining me. Then, she will come to me while she is angry and has benn treated unjustly and has been killed.

Ibrahim Ibn Sarrd Saghafi quotes from Agha Imam Sadegh (saalam of God be upon him) that he said: I swear by God that Ali (saalam of God be upon him) didn’t swear allegiance to( the households of Saghifah) until he see that smoke and (fire) has enclosed his house.

The book by Salim Ibn Gheis Helali- researcher: Ismael Ansari- ps 151 and 152; the part of the stories of Saghifah narrated by Salman Farsi.

Salim continues:

Then they dragged Ali (saalam of God be upon him) away to Abu Bakr while Ummar holding sword had stood above the head of Abu Bakr and Khalid Ibn Valid and Abu Abidah Ibn Jarrah and Sali Mula Abi Hazifah and Maaz Ibn Jabal and Moghayrah Ibn Shoabah and Asid Ibn Hazir and Bashir Ibn Saeed and others had sat around Abu Bakr while all of them had weapon.

The Book by Salim Ibn Gheis Helali – researcher: Ismael Ansari-P 152; the part of the events of Saghifah quoted by Salam Farsi.

Salam says: Ali (saalam of God be upon him) take away to Abu Bakr while he was saying: I swear by God that if I had sword, you would have known that you could never carry out this work. I swear by God that I don’t reprimand myself for fighting you and If I had forty companions, I would have scattered you but may God damn those tribes swearing allegiance to me and then made me humble.

As soon as Abu bakr saw Ali (saalam of God be upon him), he shouted: “release him”! Ali (saalam of God be upon him) said: Abu Bakr, how quickly and cruelly have you expropriated the position of the Prophet! You don’t have authority and position to invite people to swear allegiance to you. Didn’t you swear allegiance to me with the order of God and the Prophet (peace be upon him and his households)?

The book by Salim Ibn Gheis Helali – researcher: Ismael Ansari- P 155; the part of the events of Saghifah narrated by Salamn Farsi.

Ali (salam of God ) said: I swear by God that If those forty person taking swear allegiance to me were loyal, I launched a jihad in Allah’s way but I swear by God that you should know that none of your generation can possess the Caliphate until the day of Resurrection.

Regarding the events of not allowing the army of Amir Al- Momenin (saalam of God be upon him) to drink water, Ibn Abi Al- Hadid writes:

Amro Ibn Ass told Moaviyah: allow the army of Ali to drink water; know that Ali won’t’ be thirsty while you are satisfied. Ali has lots of horsemen and a large army. Ali looks at Forat to drink its water or was killed. And O, Moaviyah, you know that Ali is a brave man (and also the natives of Hejaz and Iraq have joined him) and frequently I have heard of him saying: If (the day that the enemies rushed to the house of Fatimah) I had forty companions, I would have scatter them.

The book by Salim Ibn Gheis Helali – researcher: Ismael Ansari- P 153; the part of the events of Saghifah narrated by Salamn Farsi.

When they took Ali (saalam of God be upon him) to Abu Bakr, Ummar told Ali offensively: “pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr and abandon Abateil”!

Ali (ssaalam of God be upon him) said: if I don’t carry out this work. What do you do? They said: we make you humble and kill you. Ali (saalam of God be upon him) said: so you have hilled the servant of God and his prophet’s brother! Abu Bakr said: you are right that you are the servant of God but we don’t confess to your position as the prophet’s brother! Ali (saalam of God be upon him) said: do you deny that the prophet (peace be upon him and his households) considered me as his brother? They said: yes! And Hazrat repeated this issue tree times.

Aloosi- one of the Sunni scholar- quoting from the book by Aban Ibn Ayyash, writes:

The interpretation of the Soul of Definition- Al- Aloosi, vol 3, p 124.

Ummar told Ali (saalam of God be upon him) : pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr. Ali (saalam of God be upon him) said: if I don’t carry out this work, what is your reaction? Ummar said: I swear by God that we will cut off your neck. Ali (saalam of God be upon him) said: I swear by God that you lie. O, the son of Sahak, you ddon’t have such a power to do this work and you are so weak to cut off my neck.

Ziyad Ibn Kalib said: Ummar Ibn Khattab came to the house of Ali while Talheh and Zobair and a group of Mohajerin gathered there. Ummar said: I swear by God that I will burn the house unless you pledge allegiance to us. Zobair came out of the house, unsheathing his sword. Suddenly his foot slipped and the sword felt from his hands. Then, others attacked him and caught his sword.

When Ansar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, Bani Hashem and Zobeir Ibn Avam, considering themselves as the tribe of Bani Hashem, had gathered around Ali Ibn Abi Talib, Ali and Abbas Ibn Abd Al- Motalleb ( the prophet’s uncle) and Bani Hashem came to their ( the houses of Bani Hashem) houses and Zobeir Ibn Avam accompanied them. Ummar came to them along with a group of persons, among them were Asid Ibn Hazir and Salameh Ibn Aslam and told them :pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr. They refused to do this; Zobir came out of the house with his sword (and attacked them). Ummar said: arrest Zobeir. Asid Ibn Hzir attacked him and caught his sword and struck it on the wall. Then they took away him and he pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr. Bani Hashem came too and sworn allegiance to Abu Bakr…

Then, they took away Ali (saalam of God be upon him) to Abu Bakr while he was saying: I am the servant of God and the Prophet’s brother. They told him: pledge allegiance to abu Bakr. Ali (saalam of God be upon him) said: regarding the issue of the status of Caliphate, I am more suitable than you and I don’t swear allegiance to you ( and if it is supposed to swear allegiance), you should pledge allegiance to me. When Ansar claimed that the Caliphate should be theirs, you raised the issue of closeness to the Messenger of God and consider it as a justification of taking the responsibility of Caliphate and expropriate the Caliphate from us, Ahlulbayts too. Didn’t you consider yourselves as the groups having precedence over Ansar in taking the position of Caliphate only because the Prophet belonged to your tribe (Ghgoraysh)? They gave you the authority to leader the society and deliver you the Caliphatye. And I will present you the same reasons that you resorted to them to take the Caliphate opposing Ansar: we have precedence over others with regard to all the affairs of the Messenger of God (including Caliphate and so forth) whether during his life or his death (because if the issue of closeness to the Messenger of God can be considered as the criterion, we, the households of the Prophet, are the closest persons to the Messenger of the God). I you have faith in God, judge us justly and if you don’t have faith in God, treat us cruelly while you know that your behavior is cruel. Ummar said: we don’t leave you alone until you pledge allegiance to us. Ali (saalam of God be upon him) said: your share is protected and today you strengthen the foundation of the Abubakr’s government because he will return it to you after his death ( and appoint you as the Caliph after his death). Then he said: I swear by God that O, Ummar, I don’t accept your words and pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr said: if you don’t allegiance to me, I don’t force you to do this.

Abu Obaydeh Jarrah told Ami (saalam of God be upon him): O, the son of my father’s brother, you are young ( Hazrat was 33 years old in that time) and among your tribe, they are older than you and they have more knowledge and experience that you do (with regard to the issue of Calaiphate) and regarding this issue, I consider Abu Bakr more powerful than you are. So give the Caliphate to him and if you are alive in the future, you will be worthy to take the Caliphate because of your eminence, superiority, faith, knowledge and your record in Islam and ancestry and your position as the son-in-law of the Messenger of God. Then, Ali (saalam of God be upon him) said: O, Mohajerin, for God’s sake, don’t take out of the house the substitute of Muhammad and don’t possess it (unjustly) and don’t deprive Ahlulbayt of their real right and also their real position among people. I swear by God that O, Mohajerin, we have precedence over everyone with regard to the Messenger of God because we are his Ahlulbayt and we have precedence over you with regard to the issue of Caliphate and the substitution of the Messenger of God. I swear by God that (among people),we are the recite of the Book of Allah, more jurisprudent in religion, more knowledgeable in the Sunnah of the Messenger of God, more careful about the subordinates, more careful about making them avoid sin and more fair than fair than everybody is and we are the exact instance of performing this works. So , don’t follow the carnal desires resulting going away from the path of Allah and the right.1433, kollan 2290.

Bashir Ibn Saad Ansari said: O, Ali, If Ansar had informed of your words before pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr, they would have sworn allegiance to you and even no dispute would have been seen between two persons regarding your rightfulness.

After attacking the house of Ali (saalam of God be upon him),when the enemies understood that they could not force Amir (saalam of God be upon him) to swear allegiance to , they decided to use a new tactic,so they decided to assassinate Hazrat and Abu Bakr appointed Khalid Ibn Valid to carry out this work.

He was the native of Kufah… and he died in the month of Shavval of the year 250 H. Gh.

He continues:

A group of clergies and AAemmah being expert in Hadeeth like Muhammad Ibn Ismaeal Bokhari have reported tradition from him..

Hadith of Abu bakr addressing Khalid Ibn Valid and telling: Khalid didn’t perform his assighned duty, is one of the traditions quoting from him.

Samani says: in Kufah, I asked a question about the definition of this Hadeeth from my professor, Ummar Ibn Ibrahim Husseini. He replied: Abu Bakr had commissioned Khalid Ibn Valid to kill Ali. Then he regretted and ordered him not to do this work.

Expropriation of Fadak

When the enemies understood that it was not advisable to kill Ali (saalam of God be upon him), they decided to use a new tactic. This time, they used the method of economic embargo and expropriated Fadak denoted to Seddighah Tahereh (saalam of God be upon her) by the Messenger of the Mercy and the order of God and a couple of years, the workers of Hazrat Zahra were working there.

It has been reported from Imam Sadegh saying: when all the Mohajerin and Ansar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr and his Caliphated was fixed, he sent a group of people to expel the representative of Fatimah, the daughter of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his households).

Fatimah got angry of Abu Bakr

Bokhari says:

أن فاطمة غضبت على أبي بكر فهجرته حتى توفيت .

Fatimah got angry of Abu Bakr and avoided his company (sarcastically, tiff) until she died.

Sahih Al- Bokhari in the book of Al- Khoms, the part of Farz Al- Khoms, 4/504,H 1265.

Whenever I see her, I think of the events happening to her. As if I see her while humbleness entering her house and her respect broken and her right expropriated and her side broken and her son miscarried and deprived of her inheritance and calling O, Muhammadah but nobody will answer her… so, she is the first person of my households joining me while she is sorrowful and suffering hardship and has been killed.

O, my God, curse everyone oppressing her and harass everyone expropriating her right and make humble everyone making humble her and harass everyone forever assaulted her son until he was miscarried. Then, the angles say, Amin.

Ummar told Abu Bakr: come to go to Fatimah because really we made him angry. Therefore, they came together. They wanted Fatimah to enter her house but she didn’t allow. Therefore, they came to Ali and talked with him. He took them to Fatimah. When they sat near to Fatimah, she turned her face toward the wall. They said hello to her but she didn’t answered. Then, Abu Bakr said, O, the beloved of the Messenger of God, I swear by God that I favor the households of the Messenger of God more than my households and I favor you more than. I liked to die and didn’t alive when your father died. Tell me, is it possible that I would inform of your erudition and honor and expropriate your inheritance?! Be aware that I heard from your father saying we don’t leave inheritance and what has been left is Sadagheh.

Fatimah said: if I quote a tradition from the Messenger of God, for God’s sake,will you knowhis right and perform it?They said: yes. She said: for God’s sake, didn’t you hear that the Messenger of God said: I will be satisfied if Fatimah is satisfied and I Will be anger, if Fatimah becomes angry. Whoever loves Fatimah, he or she Loves me and whoever satisfies Fatimah, he or has satisfied me? They said: yes. We hear these words from the Messenger of God.

Therefore, Fatimah said: therefore, the angles and God are my witnesses that you have made me angry and don’t satisfy me and definitely if I see the Messenger of God, I will complain against you. Then, Abu Bakr said: I seek refuge in God from the anger of the Messenger of God and your anger, O, Fatimah. Then, Abu Bakr started to cry even he was on the threshold of dying. Fatimah Zahra was saying: I swear by God that I curse you after performing all of my prayers. Then, he came out of the house while he was crying. People gathered around him. He said: each of you sleep alongside his wife at night while happy with his family but leaving me alone with this situation. I don’t need to your allegiance. Leave it (swearing allegiance to me) off. They said: O, the Caliph of the Messenger of God, this work (caliphate) cannot be completed without you. You are more knowledgeable than us in performing this work. If such a work becomes true, the religion won’t be fixed. Therefore, he said: I swear by God that after I heard the words of Fatimah and saw her behavior, if I didn’t take fright at the weakness of this rope, I would not sleep while a Muslim has sworn allegiance to me.

He said: Ali didn’t swear allegiance to me until Fatimah was alive and Fatimah was not more than seventy five days alive after the death of his father.

By little deliberation into the traditions of the Sunnis and Shias, we can discover this point that the reasons of her martyrdom were these irritating and bothering behaviors towards her and also her miscarriage. Pay attention to these words:

Whenever I see her, I think of the events happening to her. As if I see her while humbleness entering her house and her respect broken and her right expropriated and her side broken and her son miscarried and deprived of her inheritance and calling O, Muhammadah but nobody will answer her… so, she is the first person of my households joining me while she is sorrowful and suffering hardship and has been killed.

You see that the sacred and blessed being of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his households) has used the word of (killed or Maghtolah) after mentioning the offensive behaviors have been done towards Hazrat Zahra (peace and saalam of God be upon her) and explicitly this word considers these offensive behaviors as the reasons of her martyrdom.

The sources of the Shias:

The same offensive behaviors considered by the sources of the Sunnis as the reasons of the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah Zahra (saalam of God be upon her) have been mentioned in the sources of the Shias. Of course, in some of these traditions, the name of the killer has not been mentioned but in other traditions, the name of the killer has explicitly been mentioned. Below, I will refer to some of these traditions:

We have authentive tradition quoted by Imam Sadegh (saalam of God be upon him) as saying:… and the reason of her death was that Ghonfoz, the slave of that man knocked her with the scabbard of his sword , therefore, Muhsen was miscarried.

When the Messenger of God ment to Meraj, he heard a call at the heaven (sky) that9 O, Muhammad), the Almighty God examines you tree times to test your patience, the High regarded Prophet said: O, my God, I as submit to your will and don’t any power upon patience except from you. Then he said: what are these affairs? A call reached him… the third affair: and this is the issue of killing your households happening to them after your death and your brother Ali,… He will be treated offensively and impertinently and being assaulted and reprimanded by these people and they deprive him of his right and deny his definite right and oppress him and finally martyr him. The Messenger (peace be upon him and his households) said: O, my God, I accepted all these issues and I am satisfied with your satisfaction and I demand you for giving me patience and success upon these affairs. And your daughter: she will be oppressed and deprived of her right and they will expropriate the right determined for her by you and she will be assaulted in her course of pregnancy and without her permission, they will enter her house and privacy and then he will suffer humbleness and won’t find a solution to it and what is in her belly will be miscarried as a result of this stroke and she will die as a result of the same stroke.

Imam Sadegh (Saalam of God be upon him) said: when the Messenger of God ( peace be upon him and his households) died and Abubakr took his position, he sent someone to the agent of Fatimah Zahra (peace of God be upon her) at Fadak and drove out of it . therefore, Fatimah (saalam of God be upon her) came to him and said: O Abu Bakr, you claimed that you are my father’s substitute and took his position and sent someone to my agent and expelled him out of Fadak while you know that my father had gifted it to me (and Fadak is mine) and I have witnesses for my assertions. Then Ali (saalam of God be upon him) told her: come to Abu Bakr (when he is alone) , really he is more fragile than the other one (Ummar) and told him: you have claimed that you are my father’s substitute and taken his position and even if Fadak was yours and I asked you for it , again you should give me it ( to show respect). When Fatimah Zahra (saalam of God be upon her) came to him and told him these words, Abu Bakr said: you are right; then he asked for a piece of paper and ordered to return Fadak to Fatimah Zahra (saalam of God be upon her).

Then Hazrat Sadegh (saalam of God be upon him) said: Hazrat Fatimah (saalam of God be upon her) came out while having the paper in her hands. Ummar saw her and said: O, the daughter of Muhammad, what is it in your hands? Hazrat said: this is a letter written by Abu Bakr ordering to return Fadak to me. Then he said: give me it. Hazrat refused to give the letter; then while she was pregnant Muhsen, Ummar kicked her and Mohsen was miscarried.

Therefore,,Hazrat passed her life accordingly and was sick for seventy five days as a result of the stroke delivered to her by Ummar and finally died.

The group of answering the doubts under the authority of research Institute Hazrat Valiasr (A.j). 2142