Why Rabbi Akiva is My Hero

10 life lessons from an accessible giant.

The period of counting the Omer is also a time of national mourning. The Talmud (Yevamot 62b) recounts that Rabbi Akiva, one of the greatest scholars of the Mishna, lost 24,000 students to plague during this time of year. The world was “desolate” until he raised five new students – who were able to restore the Torah to its full glory in that dark period.

Rabbi Akiva’s life is a fascinating tale of inspiration, of a man of humble origins who overcame it all to achieve greatness. I would like to outline some of the highlights of his life story – and demonstrate why I feel he serves as a personal role model to us all.

1. He was of Humble Origins

Rabbi Akiva began his life as a shepherd. He was entirely unlearned until his middle years. He likewise had no Jewish lineage to speak of (Talmud Brachot 27b). He descended from converts. And as he rose to greatness in his later years, he never forgot who he was or where he came from. His favorite principle was “Love your fellow as yourself” (Leviticus 19:18). Rich or poor, simple or scholarly, tall or short, strong or weak: We are all God’s children. God and His Torah are not the monopoly of the wise or the well-pedigreed. We are all precious to God.

2. He Saw Inspiration and Acted on it

The Midrash (Avot d’Rav Natan 6:2) records the turning point of Rabbi Akiva’s life. One day, at the age of 40, Akiva passed a well. He saw a rock with a hole carved into it. He inquired who shaped the rock, and was told it was caused by the slow but constant dripping of water on top of it.

Akiva then reasoned: If a substance soft as water can penetrate a rock with slow, persistent motion, so too the Torah, which is hard as iron, can slowly but surely penetrate my heart. And this was Akiva’s turning point. He promptly set off to study Torah – for an uninterrupted 24 years.

So many times in our lives are we moved by inspiring words or events. We know they are speaking to us, that God has a message for us. Yet the inspiration fades before we do anything about it – and life moves on. Not R. Akiva. He saw his moment – and he changed his life right then and there.

3. He Patiently Started from the Bottom

When Akiva went to study, he did not exactly hire a private tutor or join an adult study program. Nor did he sign up for an anonymous on-line course. The Midrash describes how he, together with his young son, went to cheder to learn the alef-bet together with the youngest children. And his past humility showed. He wasn’t fazed by the awkwardness; he didn’t care for his own dignity. He set right down to work.

4. He was No Super-Genius

It is not as if Rabbi Akiva really had an IQ of 180 all along but was just withering on the vine during his years as a shepherd. He had to work – and work hard – to become who he was.

The Talmud (Yevamot 16a) records a meeting R. Akiva had with a monumental scholar, to discuss a debate they had about a touchy subject in Jewish law. The other scholar was the raving genius type. No one could keep up with him in an argument – not even R. Akiva, by then the acknowledged leader of his generation.

The other scholar, after R. Akiva failed to convince him, had nothing but snide remarks for the supposed leading scholar of the generation. But as the Talmud continues, it didn’t faze Akiva in the slightest. He was still the shepherd-turned-scholar. He had no airs about him whatsoever.

5. He Asked All the Tough Questions

Rabbi Akiva, in spite of his late start, had a distinct advantage over his colleagues. Unlike they who began their study as small children, he came to it as an adult. And as a result, he approached the Torah with mature eyes. Nothing was taken for granted or viewed as, “Well, that’s just the way things are.” R. Akiva probed every aspect of Judaism – and discovered truths where others failed even to look.

R. Akiva discovered truths where others failed even to look.

We thus find Rabbi Akiva posing some of the most profound questions of life. In Pirkei Avot (3:19) he grapples with the contradiction between man’s free will and God’s knowledge of the future. If God already knows what I will do tomorrow, do I really have the free will to decide? He likewise discusses (3:20) how God’s governs and judges the world. The Midrash (Avot d’Rav Natan 6:2) describes R. Akiva as a persistent student, leaving no issue unexplored and unexplained. His colleague characterized him with the comment – “Matters hidden from people, R. Akiva has brought to light.”

6. It was All Because of His Wife – and He Knew it

So much of R. Akiva’s greatness was on account of his devoted wife Rachel. She “discovered” him. He served as shepherd for one of the wealthiest men of his time, Kalba Savua. Kalba’s daughter took a liking to the humble shepherd, whom she saw as modest and refined. She proposed to him – on condition that he agree to study Torah. He agreed and they married secretly. Kalba promptly disowned his daughter and for years the young couple lived in abject poverty (Talmud Ketuvot 62b).

If not for Rachel, Akiva would have no doubt remained an anonymous shepherd with little future. But she believed in him. Rachel left a life of fabulous wealth to make home for Akiva – because she knew he could become great – and she had the faith and the patience to see it happen. And when he was ready, she encouraged him to leave home to study – which he did for an uninterrupted 12 years.

But that was only half of it. The Talmud (Ketuvot 62-3) records that on his return, already an accomplished scholar, R. Akiva was about to enter his home. Just then he overhears a conversation. An elderly man challenges Rachel: “How long will you live as a widow with your husband alive?” She responds, “If [my husband] would listen to me, he would remain for another 12 years in yeshiva!” On that providential note, R. Akiva returns for another 12 years of study.

At last, after 24 years, R. Akiva returns to his hometown, now the leading scholar of the generation, escorted by an entourage of 24,000 students. His wife, still dressed in her simple house clothes, goes out to greet him. She falls before his feet. It creates a scene – an elderly woman thrusting herself before great rabbi surrounded by scores of devoted students. They move to push her away. But R. Akiva stops them, uttering a line which has since become famous: “Leave her. What is mine and what is yours is hers.”

7. He Never Forgot His Origins

R. Akiva “made it” in every sense of the word. By the end of his life he was the acknowledged spiritual leader of world Jewry. He became wealthy. He was revered and admired by all. His opinion was sought and regarded on all matters Jewish. Yet he never forgot where he came from. He was still one of the masses. He knew what it was like to be poor, to be unknown, and to be unlearned.

And his love for humanity showed. His favorite verse was Leviticus 19:18: “Love your fellow as yourself” (Sifra 4:12). In Pirkei Avot (3:18), he states, “Beloved is man for he was created in the image [of God],” as well as, “Beloved are the Children of Israel for they are called children of the Lord.” We are all precious to God. There is no favoritism in Heaven.

R. Akiva in fact well remembered his past hatred for Torah scholars (Talmud Pesachim 49b). He knew what it was like to be coarse and ignorant. And he remembered the resentment – and the hatred – felt by the underprivileged classes. He had love and patience for all – because he was one of them himself, and he realized how difficult it is to outgrow one’s past mindset.

8. He Lost All – and Kept Going

After achieving fame, R. Akiva became teacher and spiritual mentor to an astounding 24,000 students. As the Talmud (Yevamot 62b) recounts, every one of them died in an exceedingly brief period of time – during the several week period between Passover and Shavuot – due to epidemic. And as the Talmud puts it, the world was desolate. The human tragedy was devastating, the loss to the Torah world unimaginable.

But apart from all of that, R. Akiva personally witnessed his entire lifeworks go down the drain. Years of training the greatest minds of the next generation were lost to R. Akiva, with nothing remaining to show for himself.

If there were anyone in this world who could be forgiven for spending his remaining years wasting away feeling sorry for himself, it was R. Akiva. Could there have been a clearer sign from heaven that God was not interested in R. Akiva’s works, that his precious legacy was just not meant to be? How could a human being not become paralyzed from misery and indecision at that point?

But R. Akiva picked himself up and started again. As the Talmud continues, he found 5 new students – five to replaced 24,000. Rather than attempting to amass students without number, he focused on 5 precious souls, who would between them restore the Torah to its past glory.

He didn't let his inability to explain stand in the way of achievement.

No doubt R. Akiva never recovered from the pain of the loss. As we saw, his way was to ponder the most difficult questions of life. Yet he didn’t let his inability to explain stand in the way of his life’s mission. We all have questions in life we cannot answer. Even with his great intellect – or perhaps because of it – R. Akiva was no exception. But questions and doubts did not stop him. The rabbi’s intellect was far from assuaged, but he kept on going – and ultimately persevered.

9. He Always Saw the Positive

Looking back at his difficult life, Rabbi Akiva saw God’s goodness in all that transpired – not only in his personal life but in all the events of the world. He became famous for the saying, “Whatever God does is for the good.”

The Talmud (Brachot 60b) recounts how R. Akiva was once traveling. He had with him a lantern, a rooster, and a donkey. He came to a village seeking lodging. No one took him in. Undaunted, his trademark reaction went through his mind: “Whatever God does is for the good.” He set up camp in the wilderness nearby. During the night a wind blew out his lamp, a cat ate his rooster, and a lion slew his donkey. R. Akiva took it all in stride.

He awoke the next morning to find that during the night soldiers had sacked the village which refused him lodging. Not only would the rabbi have been captured with the other residents had he been there, but had his light or animals betrayed his camp he would have equally been doomed.

His colleagues cried at the pathetic sight but R. Akiva laughed.

The Talmud (Makkos 24b) relates that once R. Akiva and a number of colleagues passed by the former location of the Temple in Jerusalem (they lived shortly after its destruction). They saw a fox run out of the place of the Holy of Holies. The colleagues began crying at the pathetic sight. R. Akiva, however, laughed. To his surprised colleagues he explained: "We have both the prophecy of Uriah and of Zechariah. Uriah foretold, ‘Zion shall be plowed like a field’ (Micha 3:12). Zechariah foretold, ‘Again shall old men and old women sit in the streets of Jerusalem... and the streets of the city shall be filled with boys and girls playing’ (Zechariah 8:4-5). Until the prophecy of Uriah was fulfilled (fully and literally) I was fearful lest the prophecy of Zechariah not be fulfilled. Now that the prophecy of Uriah was fulfilled, it is clear that Zechariah's prophecy will be fulfilled – to the final detail."

R. Akiva lived through it all, yet he never lost hope. The very sights that brought others to tears of despair filled him with undying hope. All that occurs in this world, both the good and the bad, emanate from an infinitely-good Creator. But life isn’t always for us to understand. We must at times just be patient and wait.

10. He Died a Hero’s Death

We might hope that after living so troubled yet heroic a life, R. Akiva and Rachel would at last settle down to live happily ever after. But that was denied them as well.

The Talmud (Brachot 61b) describes Rabbi Akiva’s bitter end. He was incarcerated and tried by the Romans for his “crime” of publicly teaching Torah. He was found guilty as charged. They tortured him to death, flaying off his skin with sharpened iron combs.

R. Akiva spent his final moments on earth reciting the Shema, accepting upon himself the yoke of Heaven. His students asked him: “Our teacher, this far?!” He answered: The Shema teaches us to love God with all our souls (Deuteronomy 6:5), which I understood to mean “even if they are taking your soul.” My entire life I agonized over this verse: Would I really love God even if my soul were being taken? I at last have the opportunity to demonstrate this. How could I not do so now? And as the rabbi recited “the Lord is one” his soul left him.

R. Akiva is counted as one of the “ten martyrs” slain by the Romans – the ten leading Torah giants killed during and shortly after the destruction of the Second Temple. Most of the other scholars, in spite of their greatness, you might not have even heard of if you are not a Talmudic scholar yourself. But not R. Akiva. He was one of us: His story is our story, his life is our life. He began his days simply and humbly as so many of us, yet he grew to become whom we all know we too could be. May his memory be for a blessing.

About the Author

Dovid Rosenfeld, a native of the Washington, D.C. area, works both as a programmer for aish.com and as a responder for its Ask the Rabbi service. He also serves as a volunteer writer for Torah.org. He lives with his wife and family in Ramat Beit Shemesh, Israel.

Rabbi Rosenfeld's son Zvi recently published his first book, The Ring of Fate, a riveting, fast-paced fantasy novel which is also completely kosher in both language and subject matter. It is available as both book and ebook. It is sold by Booklocker.com, as well as by Amazon.com and all the major on-line sellers.

The opinions expressed in the comment section are the personal views of the commenters. Comments are moderated, so please keep it civil.

Visitor Comments: 22

(20)
Yaakov Herber,
April 30, 2017 2:20 PM

Never recovered from the pain

Excellent article, Very inspiring!One point. In #8, "No doubt R' Akiva never recovered from the pain of the loss." I would argue, that since R' Akiva fully understood "whatever G-d does is for the good", R' Akiva, had no pain. And if there was a brief moment of pain, which would be unlikely, he surely recovered from it!

Dovid Rosenfeld,
October 26, 2017 9:35 AM

possibly but debateable

Thank you for your comment. You might be right that R. Akiva's trust in God would have been great enough for him not to be pained by the loss of his students. But I think it can be argued otherwise.

It's been pointed out that R. Akiva's teacher, Nachum Ish Gamzu - who was known for saying "gam zu l'tova" - "this too is for the good," was greater than his student. R. Akiva merely said that whatever God does, He does for the good. I.e, we can't see the good, but we trust it is ultimately for the best. His teacher, however, said "this is good." He was fully trusting and happy whatever occurred to him in life. The student accepted this powerful message, but very possibly at least in part as an article of faith, rather than through 100% knowledge. Thus, it is probably reasonable to say that R. Akiva was saddened and mourned over the terrible loss, but he carried on regardless.

(19)
Miriam,
April 26, 2017 3:19 AM

An inspirational leader, and namesake

When my husband and I were trying to think of names for our newborn son, we were both inspired by Rabbi Akiva, for all the reasons listed in this article. We named our son Akiva, and pray that he strive to live a remarkable life, like his namesake.

(18)
Norman Karr,
January 3, 2017 2:34 PM

My hero

Dear Rabbi Rosenfeld, Your article brought tears of joy, that in a cynical world there are still heroes. Rabbi Akiva’s life was so fantastic, but there was one part of your paean that touched me deeply and personally. His favorite verse was Lev. 19:18: “Love your fellow as yourself.” That was when I remembered my own hero, Rabbi Herman Schaalman of Emanuel Congregation of Chicago, for that also is his favorite verse, along with another from Lev. 19 that may be even more favorite (because more difficult): “But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself.” He so lived his life according to these commandments that Cardinal Bernardin asked him on his death bed if he would speak at his funeral, which he did. I am not a Jew, but when I asked if I could sit in on his Torah Study, I was welcomed with no qualifications, as was everyone. He is 100 now, still leading his Torah Study when he is able, and still seeking to live up to the high calling of Lev. 19. In his last Yom Kippur sermon in 2014, he said, “This world is in such turbulence, in a search for something to believe in, some ideal that would perhaps inflame the emotions and passions of human beings to live by them, and I remembered that that is really what the whole Torah is about.” Every time I am in his presence, I feel Lev. 19:18 as a living reality.

Dovid Rosenfeld,
April 19, 2017 12:38 PM

thank you!

Dear Norman,

Thank you for sharing your touching thoughts (belatedly - I just saw your comment now). May your rabbi (as well as you) be blessed with many more healthy, productive years.

(17)
Thomas Salado,
May 1, 2016 11:09 PM

Thank you!

Akiva is my Hebrew name!

(16)
Bracha Goetz,
May 1, 2016 7:04 PM

Wonderful!

(15)
Nancy,
May 1, 2016 12:43 PM

Rabbi Akiva is helping me so much!

I was extremely touched by what you wrote here. I was raised in a Secular Jewish home and received precious little religious education. Two years ago I began studying Hebrew and am working hard on improving my proficiency. Right now I can read about as well as a preschooler, and that is just fine with me. It is so helpful to have aish as a resource. I am also extremely thankful for my good friends and wonderful rabbi.

(14)
Don Krausz,
August 1, 2015 8:45 PM

There are many wonderful human examples in Judaism.

I have spent years studying religions and have found Judaism the most inspiring of all.

(13)
Shraga,
May 1, 2015 1:15 AM

Nice job!

Rebbe Akiva was a great idealist and also a stark realist. see Talmud - Nedarim 50a.

(12)
Anonymous,
December 16, 2014 6:26 PM

that article so touch my heart.

There are so many thing in the article that is a lesson in this like

(11)
BOB PROPP -RASHI,
May 28, 2014 5:38 PM

G-D GAVE US TIME - THE HOLIEST THING- USE IT WELL

84,000 MITZVAHS EVERY DAY- EVERY SECOND OF EVERYDAYUSE IT WELL.

(10)
viktor,
May 21, 2014 5:23 AM

I thought the exact same

I was just thinking about the exact same thing, thank you for this beautiful article! Rabbi Akiva is my role model and a role model for us all. Baruch has hem, and remember, love your neighbor as you love yourself, and don't forget to love yourself. :)

(9)
Akiva's mom,
May 18, 2014 4:33 PM

So inspirational

My husband and I are so inspired by R' Akiva, perhaps the greatest Baal teshuva of all time, that we named our son after him, so he may be inspired to greatness for all his life.

(8)
Anonymous,
May 16, 2014 4:44 PM

I was very moved by rhe story of R.akiva, every morning i saythe shema,before I go for my walk, and it makes me feel very good.

(7)
David,
May 16, 2014 12:26 PM

Don't forget R' Shimon Bar Yochai!

Thank you for this remarkably instructive perspective on one of our foremost Gedolim.

Also of note, of course, is the fact that one of his 5 'new' talmidim was R' Shimon Bar Yochai, who brought us (presumably derived from what he had learned from R' Akiva) the 'deep secrets' of the Zohar and all [e.g. chassidus] that has flowed from it.

(6)
Helen Schwab (Chaiah),
May 16, 2014 5:44 AM

Thank you for reminding us of R' Akiva's greatness

I will tell over some of this to my grandkid, B"H.

(5)
Judith,
May 15, 2014 11:37 PM

Rabbi Akiva

A very special man. His story was well told and I learned so much more about Rabbi Akiva. I often use his saying too s they are most appropriate for the occasion. Thank you.

(4)
Kelly Rebekah ben Maimon,
May 15, 2014 11:12 PM

Thank you for sharing Rabbi Rosenfeld

This just what I needed to hear. Thank you for sharing, Rabbi Rosenfeld. Was crying uncontrollably beforehand, on hearing that one of my non Jewish childhood friends had died suddenly, earlier this evening.
Your comments about a great Sage made me smile. Thank you! Keep on writing. We need to hear about inspirational characters.

(3)
Devorah,
May 15, 2014 10:26 PM

He is my hero too

Great article, rabbi Akiva is my hero and role model too

(2)
Don,
May 15, 2014 6:16 PM

Great piece!

beautiful and comprehensive!!

(1)
Shraga,
May 15, 2014 1:11 PM

Wonderful article

It's too bad that more Jews don't know about Rebbe Akiva. He was a genuine hero!