Transcription

1 In, made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government amended the Labor Code to increase fines for labor violations substantially, including child labor violations, and conducted 1,638 inspections to verify labor conditions for adolescent workers. The Government also converted the conditional cash-transfer program, Families in Action, into a national policy to combat poverty with a guaranteed budget allocation regardless of changes in the political administration. It established priority sectors in which to combat child labor under its national policy against child labor, including child labor in mining as well as sugar and coffee production. However, lack of interagency coordination and adequate resources hinder efforts to more effectively combat child labor and human trafficking. Children continue to be forcibly recruited by non-state armed groups and continue to engage in other worst forms of child labor, particularly in hazardous activities in agriculture and street work. Statistics on Working Children and Education Children Age Percent Working 5-14 yrs. 8.6 (752,526) Attending School 5-14 yrs Combining Work and School 7-14 yrs. 9.0 Primary Completion Rate Working Children by Sector, Ages 5-14 Agriculture 35.4% Other 1.7% Services 44.6% Manufacturing 18.3% Sources: Primary completion rate: Data from 2011, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2013.(1) All other data: Understanding Children s Work Project s analysis of statistics from ENNA Survey, 2011.(2) Prevalence and Sectoral Distribution of the Worst Forms of Child Labor Children in are engaged in the worst forms of child labor, many in hazardous activities in agriculture and street work.(3-7) In agriculture, some children are involved in the production of coffee and sugarcane. Although the extent of the problem is unknown, there are reports that children are also found working in cotton and rice production.(4, 8-10) Children are engaged in the production of illegal crops such as coca (an illegal stimulant). Evidence suggests that children as young as age 7 are engaged in the production of coca; in some cases, children are forced by non-state armed groups to work in its production and processing.(4, 11-13) Although evidence is limited, there are reports that children are involved in poppy and marijuana production.(4, 12) Children working in agriculture may use dangerous tools, carry heavy loads, and apply harmful pesticides.(14, 15) Children work and live on the streets. In Cali, more than 60,000 children work on the streets and 1,000 live on the streets; in Medellín, during the last 3 years, more than 11,000 children were forced to live on the streets due to domestic violence, poverty, unemployment, and displacement.(5, 16) Children who work on the streets are engaged in begging, commercial sexual exploitation, garbage scavenging, and street vending. Children involved in begging and commercial COLOMBIA findings on the worst forms of child labor 1

2 COLOMBIA sexual exploitation are vulnerable to labor exploitation, human trafficking, and drug consumption.(5-7, 12, 16-18) Child garbage scavengers are exposed to dangerous waste and toxic substances such as lead and sulfuric acid.(18) Children are also engaged in artisanal mining, which exposes them to toxic gases, long hours, explosives, and dangerous chemicals such as nitric acid. They mine emeralds, gold, clay, and coal; they work breaking rocks, digging with picks or their bare hands, removing water from mines, and lifting heavy loads.(19-22) Limited evidence suggests that indigenous Wayúu children work alongside their families in the production of gypsum (a white or colorless mineral), salt, and talc, and that indigenous Kametsa and Inga adolescents are engaged in logging.(4) Domestic service is another common form of child labor in. Rural and indigenous families often send their children to urban households to become domestic workers. (4, 12, 23) These children may work long hours performing household chores; they are vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse at the hands of their employers, and they are often denied salaries and time off.(4, 15) There is evidence to suggest that some children are forced by adults and non-state armed groups to perform domestic work.(12) Children are also engaged in commercial sexual exploitation, including child pornography.(16, 24-26) In the province of Sucre, indigenous Zenous children are sometimes the victims of sex tourism. In Bogotá, underage boys and girls are solicited for sexual purposes.(4, 26) In Cúcuta, criminal groups use the Internet and cell phones to engage children in commercial sexual exploitation.(12, 26) Children are also trafficked domestically and internationally for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation.(12, 26-29) Reportedly, children from Ecuador are trafficked into for the purpose of labor exploitation.(12, 30, 31) Children are used by adults for illegal activities such as the transport and sale of illicit drugs. Indigenous Wayúu, Kankuamo, and Wiwa children have been involved in the illegal sale of gasoline from Venezuela.(4, 28, 29) Children continue to be forcibly recruited by illegal armed groups.(31-34) Reports estimate that 11,000 to 14,000 children, including indigenous children, act as combatants in various non-state armed groups.(35, 36) According to a study, boys and girls are recruited in rural and urban areas. They perform intelligence and logistical activities; store and transport weapons, explosives, and chemical precursors to process narcotics; and participate in operations.(33) Girls are subject to sexual exploitation as a way to gather information or pay favors. Although the Government of and the Armed Revolutionary Forces of (FARC) began peace negotiations in, the FARC continues to recruit children into its ranks.(37, 38) Child recruitment has not been included in the peace negotiations agenda.(39, 40) Children from Ecuador and Panama are also recruited by n nonstate armed groups.(34, 41, 42) Children s access to education is complicated by the armed conflict, displacement, long distances, and sometimesimpassable routes between their homes and schools.(43-46) Laws and Regulations on the Worst Forms of Child Labor The Code for Children and Adolescents sets the minimum age for work at 15. Children younger than age 15 may perform artistic, sports, or cultural work with authorization from the labor inspectorate or local authority, and adolescents ages 15 to 17 can work only with authorization from a labor inspector or relevant local government official.(47) The Code for Children and Adolescents also sets the minimum age for hazardous work at 18.(47) The Labor Code prohibits children younger than age 18 from work in underground mining and industrial painting.(48) To regulate the Code for Children and Adolescents regarding hazardous work, Resolution No of 2008 provides a more extensive list of activities identified as the worst forms of child labor within 11 occupational categories and subcategories. These include agriculture, livestock raising, hunting and forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport and storage, health services, and defense; they also include informal-sector activities such as street vending, domestic service, and garbage scavenging and recycling.(17) During the reporting period, the Government of increased the fines for labor violations, including those involving child labor, from up to 100 times minimum monthly wage to up to 500 times the minimum monthly wage. The Government also passed legislation to ratify ILO Convention 189 concerning decent work for domestic workers.(48-50) The Code for Children and Adolescents authorizes family ombudspersons (municipal government officials charged with protecting children s rights) to penalize parents or legal guardians for failing to protect children against economic exploitation; the worst forms of child labor; work harmful to the health, safety, and integrity of children; or work that limits children s right to education. Penalties include fines of up to 100 times the minimum monthly wage as well as imprisonment.(47) 2 united states department of labor s bureau of international labor affairs

3 International Conventions and Selected Laws on Child Labor and Education C138, Minimum Age 3 C182, Worst Forms of Child Labor 3 CRC 3 CRC Optional Protocol on Armed 3 Conflict CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and 3 Child Pornography Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons 3 Minimum Age for Work 15 Minimum Age for Hazardous Work 18 Compulsory Education Age 15 Free Public Education Yes The Constitution prohibits slavery, servitude, and human trafficking; the Penal Code establishes sanctions for violations of these prohibitions.(51) The Penal Code penalizes child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children (including prostitution, pornography, and sex tourism) with incarceration and fines.(52) It also punishes the use and recruitment of children for begging and illicit activities.(52) Laws 1336 of 2009 and 679 of 2001 penalize tourism agencies and hotel owners that facilitate child sex tourism with fines and cancellation of their right to operate; These laws also require that tourism agencies, airlines, and hotels adopt a code of conduct to prevent commercial sexual exploitation of children.(53, 54) The Penal Code punishes crimes involving the use of minors in cultivating, manufacturing, and trafficking illegal drugs, as well as the use of minors in terrorist activities.(52) Law 975 of 2005 establishes that non-state armed groups must place all underage recruits under the care of the n Institute for Family Well-being (ICBF) in order to participate in the Government s demobilization process.(55) The Code for Children and Adolescents, the Intelligence Law, and directives by the Ministry of Defense prohibit members of the National Armed Forces from using children in intelligence activities or operations, while the Penal Code sets penalties for the recruitment and involvement of minors in the armed conflict. (47, 52, 56-58) s law establishes compulsory education until the age of 18 and free education through high school.(59, 60) Under Law 548 of 1999, the National Armed Forces are banned from recruiting minors younger than age 18.(61, 62) n legislation relevant to the worst forms of child labor undergoes frequent changes. However, it is not clear whether those changes are effectively disseminated to the general public or specific relevant groups, including enforcement officials, employers, and civil society organizations.(63) Institutional Mechanisms for Coordination and Enforcement The Interagency Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor coordinates efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor. It is chaired by the Ministry of Labor (MOL) and includes 13 government agencies and representatives from trade unions, business associations, and civil society organizations.(64) The National Interagency Committee for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Commercial Sexual Exploitation directs efforts to combat the commercial sexual exploitation of children. It is also led by the MOL and includes 11 government agencies and representatives from business associations, trade unions, and civil society organizations.(53, 65) The Interagency Committee to Combat Trafficking of Persons leads efforts to combat human trafficking. It is chaired by the Ministry of Interior (MOI) and includes 14 government agencies such as the MOL, the Ministry of Justice, the ICBF, and the Attorney General s Office (AGO).(66, 67) To strengthen interagency coordination, the MOL also participates in working groups to combat child labor in mining, in indigenous communities, and child begging.(68, 69). In, the Government of expanded the scope of the Interagency Committee for the Prevention of the Recruitment and Use of Children by Illegal Armed Groups to include sexual violence against children perpetrated by non-state armed groups. This committee continues to be coordinated by the n Vice President and includes 21 government agencies.(70) Despite these efforts, it is not clear how effectively these interagency mechanisms coordinate activities and exchange information. Local authorities and international organizations have cited such lack of coordination as one of the main obstacles to addressing child labor and human trafficking.(5, 29) Child labor laws are enforced by the MOL, the MOI, the National Police (CNP), the ICBF, the AGO, the Offices of the Inspector General (IGO), the General Comptroller, and the National and Municipal Ombudsmen (ONO).(71) The CNP, COLOMBIA findings on the worst forms of child labor 3

4 COLOMBIA AGO, IGO, and ONO have established children and youth units to enforce child labor legislation.(47, 71) The MOL has 545 labor inspectors. In, they conducted 10,006 general labor inspections and 1,638 additional inspections to verify labor conditions for adolescent workers.(71-74) The MOL further conducted 17,346 labor investigations, including 76 for violations of child labor laws. As a result of these 76 investigations, the MOL imposed five sanctions that totaled more than $14,000.(71, 74) However, there is no information publicly available about the number of working children who were found as a result of the inspections or whether the fines have been collected. The MOL operates a child labor monitoring system that, as of February 2013, had identified more than 43,000 children engaged in child labor and 92,000 children at risk of working. The purpose of the monitoring system is to refer identified cases to the ICBF, which has a mandate to provide social services to these children to remove or prevent them from entering into child labor.(75) However, there is no information on whether the children identified by the MOL were referred to or received social services. The ICBF also receives complaints regarding child labor; between January and July, it received 780 complaints.(76) However, it is unclear whether the ICBF forwarded the child labor complaints to the MOL and whether the ICBF took any follow-up actions to investigate these complaints. To combat child labor in mining, the ICBF requires that its regional offices work with the MOL and other government agencies to coordinate responses. The regional offices are required to collaborate with labor inspectors in periodic inspections of mines and quarries, provide social services to children who are found working, and notify the relevant authorities of child labor infractions.(77) However, it is unclear whether these requirements are actually implemented in practice. During the reporting period, the Government approved Law 1610 of 2013, which clarified the main responsibilities of the labor inspectorate system. These include ensuring that labor laws are obeyed, that sanctions are imposed, that conciliation and mediation are used to solve labor conflicts, and that gaps in enforcement are overcome.(50) The Government also established a national inspection system led by the MOL to coordinate labor law enforcement activities with all relevant government agencies that carry out on-site inspections.(78) The MOL trained inspectors in a number of areas, including on labor inspection procedures, child labor, and occupational health hazards.(77) Despite these important efforts, the Government of acknowledges that labor inspectors lack the resources to effectively carry out all their duties.(71) In April 2011, the United States and jointly agreed to the n Action Plan Related to Labor Rights an agreement to address serious and immediate labor concerns in.(79) In, the USDOL funded a 4-year, $4.82 million project to help strengthen the institutional capacity of the MOL to enforce labor laws, improve protective measures for trade union leaders, and promote social dialogue. Through these efforts to strengthen worker rights and improve working condition, the project should also lead to improvements in livelihoods for families and children at risk of child labor, particularly in sectors such as sugar production and mining.(79, 80) The MOI leads efforts to combat trafficking, including operating a hotline. Between January and November, the hotline received 9,477 calls.(12, 71) The ICBF also has a hotline to report cases of child commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking (separate from its child labor hotline). In,it received reports of 260 cases of child commercial exploitation, including 36 cases of child pornography and 39 cases of child trafficking.(81) The ICBF, in partnership with civil society organizations, also launched an Internet hotline to combat child commercial sexual exploitation and pornography. As of August 1,, it had received more than 200 complaints.(82) In addition to operating the trafficking hotline, the MOI tracks trafficking cases, coordinates investigations, and facilitates access to social services for victims.(12, 71) It is unclear whether these complaints were forwarded to or investigated by the relevant authorities. The AGO and the CNP also investigate cases of commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking.(29) During the reporting period, the Government conducted 14 operations involving these crimes, identified 38 victims of trafficking, and assisted 36 of them. It also opened 126 cases, captured 18 people suspected of human trafficking, and initiated 18 prosecutions.(29) The AGO convicted 10 individuals on human trafficking charges.(29) No information is available about how many of these cases involved children. The Government has acknowledged that it lacks adequate resources to effectively conduct investigations and prosecutions of human trafficking cases.(29) In February 2013, the MOL and UNODC signed an agreement to combat human trafficking for the purpose of labor exploitation. Under this agreement, UNODC will carry out research to determine the prevalence and risk factors of this crime and develop tools for labor inspectors to identify, 4 united states department of labor s bureau of international labor affairs

5 address, and refer cases of human trafficking to the appropriate criminal authorities.(83) The Government of also partnered with UNODC to train officials from the AGO, the ICBF, the ONO, and the IGO as well as local law enforcement officials on how to respond to human trafficking. In addition, UNODC trained 721 officials from the MOI on human trafficking.(29) In, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection established a protocol to provide health services to victims of sexual violence, including child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking.(84) The ONO operates an early warning system to prevent the recruitment of children by illegal non-state armed groups, and the AGO investigates and prosecutes cases of child recruitment. (36) According to the n government, the AGO has investigated approximately 2,000 cases of child recruitment during the reporting period. The Justice and Peace Court sentenced one paramilitary leader to 7 years in prison for recruitment of children, among a number of other crimes.(85) In, there were no reported cases of the use of children as informants by members of the National Armed Forces.(86) The Armed Forces continued to operate 566 centers to submit human rights-related complaints throughout the country, which are monitored and evaluated by the Armed Forces IGO. (58) During the reporting period, the AGO developed a set of criteria to prioritize cases and use its resources more effectively; if the crime involves the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups, the case will be given top priority.(87) The Armed Forces also began setting up a database system to track human rights-related complaints; this system will be linked to the relevant criminal and judicial authorities.(58) The Government, in partnership with UNICEF, trained more than 800 members of the police and armed forces on international humanitarian law and on the protection of the rights of children in armed conflict. In addition, the National Police s mobile training teams replicated this training, and 11,000 police officers participated.(88) The Ministry of Defense trained 3,000 members of the Armed Forces on children s rights.(89) Government Policies on the Worst Forms of Child Labor The National Strategy to Eradicate the Worst Forms of Child Labor ( ) is the primary policy framework for addressing the worst forms of child labor in. In, the MOL helped 270 municipalities an increase from 262 municipalities in 2011 improve their capacity to implement the National Strategy and announced that it will target nine priority sectors in which to combat child labor. (64, 90) These sectors include coffee, tobacco, sugarcane, mining, street work, garbage scavenging, the illegal sale of gasoline, and the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups.(90) Despite these efforts, a report by the IGO on the implementation of the National Strategy in 2011 indicates that some of the country s provinces and main cities have neither fully implemented it nor allocated funding for child labor initiatives.(91) Law 985 of 2005 and the National Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2007-) guide government efforts to combat human trafficking, including the trafficking of children. The National Policy to Prevent the Recruitment of Children and Adolescents by Illegal Armed Groups guides actions to prevent the recruitment and use of children by nonstate armed groups.(28, 66, 92) The Government of has mainstreamed child labor concerns into the National Development Plan ( ), the 10-Year National Plan for Children and Adolescents ( ), and the National Strategy to End Extreme Poverty.(93-95) In, the Government released the results of the 2011 child labor survey. The survey includes current estimates of the number of working children in, including by sector of work.(96) However, the survey does not include in-depth information about child labor related health, occupational safety, or other risks, nor does it attempt to gather data on hard-to-reach populations, such as children involved in commercial sexual exploitation or illicit activities. The Ministry of Education released the results of the national school desertion survey, which identifies child labor as one of primary causes of school desertion in the Caribbean and Pacific regions of.(97, 98) In November, the MOL, along with local child labor committees, ILO-IPEC, and the Association of Sugarcane Growers, conducted a child labor baseline survey in five sugarcane-growing municipalities, which identified more than 400 children working in the collection of post-harvest residual sugarcane. The survey also identified more than 4,000 additional children engaged in other activities such as agriculture and construction, and 4,216 children at risk of entering into child labor.(99) Social Programs to Eliminate or Prevent the Worst Forms of Child Labor During the reporting period, the Government continued to implement actions in support of the National Strategies to Eradicate the Worst Forms of Child Labor and to Combat COLOMBIA findings on the worst forms of child labor 5

6 COLOMBIA Trafficking in Persons. It carried out awareness-raising campaigns to combat child labor, child commercial sexual exploitation, sex tourism, and human trafficking, and it assisted victims of such practices.(29, 71, 100) The Government funded a $1.6 million ILO project to promote social dialogue and good practices in combating child labor developed by government agencies, employers, unions, and civil society organizations in and other Latin American countries. (101, 102) In, the Government conducted national campaigns to prevent the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. It continued to partner with UNICEF on a campaign to prevent the recruitment of children by these groups; the campaign has reached more than 47,000 children.(71, 88, 89) The ICBF removed 483 children who were recruited by non-state armed groups during.(71) The program also launched the Healthy Generations program, previously known as Juvenile Clubs, to promote children s rights and ensure they are protected. This program provides cultural and recreational activities to children ages 6 to 17 who are identified as vulnerable to child labor and recruitment by non-state armed groups.(103) In, the program benefited more than 122,000 children in 669 municipalities.( ) The ICBF also partnered with Telefónica Foundation to carry out an awareness-raising campaign using smartphones to report cases of child labor to relevant authorities and began to implement an initiative aimed at children and adolescents in urban areas. The latter initiative includes actions to prevent child labor, including child commercial sexual exploitation and the recruitment of children in non-state groups.(106, 107) To reduce poverty, the Government of supports Families in Action, a conditional cash-transfer program that benefits 2.6 million families.(103, 108, 109) In, the Government converted the Families in Action Program into a national policy with a guaranteed budget allocation regardless of changes in political administration. The Families in Action Program seeks to end and prevent poverty as well as build human capital through conditional cash transfers.(110) This program will be implemented throughout the country and target vulnerable families with children, including displaced and indigenous families. Families will be required to ensure that their children attend school, do not work, and are not subject to malnutrition, physical and sexual abuse, or fail to receive cash subsidies.(110) The Families in Action program also began to develop specific strategies to prevent child labor in mining and fight teen pregnancy, support poor families with disabled members, and improve child nutrition.(111) A 2011 evaluation of Families in Action found that the program has increased high school completion rates among child beneficiaries particularly girls and rural children and that it has improved infant health.(112) The Government also implements the United Network program to promote coordinated actions to reduce inequality and end extreme poverty, including through access to social services such as education, health, and job training. It benefits 1.4 million families in 1,037 municipalities.(103, 113) In, the Government launched the Youth in Action program, which will complement the Families in Action and the United Network programs and will be aimed at vulnerable urban youth ages 16 to 24.(114) Youth in Action will enroll 120,000 young people and provide technical job training opportunities and a conditional cash transfer to program participants.(115) To improve access to education, the Government implements initiatives to keep children in school, such as a national awareness-raising campaign to increase enrollment and a program that provides meals to children attending school. During the reporting period, the Government continued to provide meals to more than 4 million school children across the country.(116, 117) In, the Government began to provide free public education from kindergarten through high school, increased public school capacity by 41,000, and enrolled 68,000 children from rural areas.(118) Under the Fund to Assist Children and After-School programs, more than 450,000 children participated in after-school programs, including children vulnerable to child labor.(119) continued its participation in the MERCOSUR s Southern Child Initiative and the Regional Action Group for the Americas. The Southern Child Initiative aims to defend the rights of children and adolescents in the region by raising awareness about the commercial sexual exploitation of children, improving country legal frameworks, and exchanging best practices.( ) is also a member of the Joint Regional Group for the Americas, which conducts child labor prevention and awareness-raising campaigns.(123, 124) 6 united states department of labor s bureau of international labor affairs

7 Based on the reporting above, the following actions would advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor in : Area Coordination and Enforcement Suggested Actions Better disseminate information on child labor, including by Providing up-to-date information about changes in child labor legislation to provincial and municipal governments and to labor inspectors and law enforcement officials. Establishing a one-stop online tool with updated information about child labor laws for employers, social-service providers, workers, and families. Develop mechanisms to enhance coordination among interagency committees, including by improving coordination between the ICBF and MOL to enforce child labor laws and provide services to children engaged in or at risk of entering into child labor. Include the cessation of the recruitment of children by the FARC as part of the formal peace negotiations. Year(s) Action Recommended 2009, 2010, 2011, COLOMBIA Policies Social Programs Strengthen monitoring and enforcement of child labor related laws, including by Making information publicly available about child labor law enforcement efforts such as the number of complaints forwarded and investigated, the number of violations identified, the number of children rescued from child labor, including human trafficking, and the number and amount of fines imposed and collected for child labor violations. Ensuring that children identified by the MOL s child labor monitoring system are withdrawn from child labor and receive appropriate social services. Ensuring that labor inspectors have adequate equipment and resources to perform inspections in priority areas with reported high incidences of child labor. Providing adequate resources to law enforcement officials to conduct investigations and secure convictions for cases of human trafficking and other illicit exploitation of children. Strengthen the implementation of the National Strategy to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor by Increasing resources to municipalities and provinces to implement action plans to combat the worst forms of child labor, with a focus on identified priority areas. Encouraging, including through financial and technical assistance incentives, municipalities and provinces to carry out activities related to the worst forms of child labor, with a focus on identified priority areas. Carry out initiatives to combat child labor in agriculture with a focus on identified priority sectors such as coffee, tobacco, and sugarcane. 2009, 2010, 2011, 2010, 2011, findings on the worst forms of child labor 7

Colombia The Government of Colombia continued to strengthen its legal and policy framework to combat the worst forms of child labor by enacting additional laws and policies against commercial sexual exploitation

Panama The Government of Panama has a strong policy framework to combat the worst forms of child labor. However, gaps remain in legal prohibitions on some worst forms of child labor. In addition, children

PERU Peru The Government of Peru has comprehensive prohibitions on the commercial sexual exploitation of children and child trafficking. However, gaps remain in social protection programs for the prevention

In 2013, Botswana made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government continued its Stay-in-School Program which is focused on training educators and social

Bolivia BOLIVIA The Government of Bolivia has strengthened its legal and policy framework to address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in the sugar cane sector. However, hazardous child labor

In 2013, Armenia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government adopted a National Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons for years 2013 2015,

In 2013, Chile made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government, in collaboration with the ILO, published a national survey on child labor. The Ministry

In, made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government approved and began implementing its second National Strategy for the Prevention and Eradication

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic s new Constitution bolsters protections against slavery, servitude, and trafficking. However, many children continue to engage in exploitive labor, particularly

In 2013, El Salvador made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government increased the budget allocation for labor inspections, employed additional labor

In 2014, Georgia made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Georgia has received an assessment of minimal advancement because the Government lacked a labor inspectorate

GUATEMALA CHILD LABOUR DATA COUNTRY BRIEF International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) SELECTED SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS Population (millions) 12.3 Population under 15 years (percentage

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC/C/OPSC/VEN/CO/1 Distr.: General 19 September 2014 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol

In 2013, Burundi made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government collected and published data on the prevalence and nature of child labor for the first

Dear Delegates, It is a pleasure to welcome you to the 2016 Montessori Model United Nations Conference. The following pages intend to guide you in the research of the topics that will be debated at MMUN

Supplementary information report submitted by the Human Rights Commission of the Legal Clinic at the PUCP to the CESCR regarding trafficking in persons in Peru 1. Presentation The present report is the

In 2014, El Salvador made a significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government signed the Alliance for Prosperity in the Northern Triangle, a development initiative

United Nations CEDAW/C/ETH/Q/6-7 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 4 November 2010 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination

In 2013, Nicaragua made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government expanded its Program Love to include children from birth to age 6 and, with support

In 2013, Honduras made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Honduras passed a Legislative Decree harmonizing legal protections for children and

Human Rights Council Eleventh Session Resolution 11/3. Trafficking in persons, especially women and children The Human Rights Council, Reaffirming all previous resolutions on the problem of trafficking

United Nations Study on Violence against Children Response to the questionnaire received from the Government of the Republic of GUYANA 1 MINISTRY OF LABOUR, HUMAN SERVICES & SOCIAL SECURITY RESPONSE TO

In 2012, made a moderate advancement in its efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government passed the Human Trafficking Deterrence and Suppression Act, which criminalizes trafficking.

Spain (Kingdom of Spain) General Country Information: Population: 45,929,476 Female population: 23,258,614 Member of Council of Europe: 1977 Member of European Union: 1986 CEDAW ratified: 1984 CEDAW Optional

To The Human rights council Geneva Stockholm 13 June 2014 Alternative report from UNICEF Sweden re. the UPR process re. Sweden Introduction This is a comment to the coming Universal Periodic Review (UPR)

CRC/C/Q/FIN/3 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD Fortieth Session Pre-sessional Working Group 12 30 September 2005 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD List of

UNITED NATIONS Press Release Committee on the Rights of the Child 16 January 2009 The Committee on the Rights of the Child this morning reviewed the initial report of the Netherlands on how that country

Child Labour What is child labour? In 2010, the International Labor Organization estimated that there are over 306 million children aged 5-17 in the world who are economically active. This includes most

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC/C/OPSC/SWE/CO/1 Distr.: General 23 January 2012 Original: English Committee on the Rights of the Child Fifty-eighth session 19 September 7 October

FACT SHEET: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 1 (Definition of the child): The Convention defines a 'child' as a person below the age of 18, unless the laws

Committee against Torture Forty-fifth session 1-19 November 2010 List of issues prior to the submission of the second periodic report of Qatar (CAT/C/QAT/2) 1 ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Specific information

In, the made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Despite some initiatives to address child labor, the received this assessment because its birth certificate requirement

Page 1 of 4 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Home > Research Program > Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests (RIR) respond to focused

REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON MIGRATION REGIONAL GUIDELINES FOR SPECIAL PROTECTION IN CASES OF THE REPATRIATION OF CHILD VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON MIGRATION REGIONAL GUIDELINES FOR SPECIAL

Operational indicators of trafficking in human beings Results from a Delphi survey implemented by the ILO and the European Commission First published in March 2009 Revised version of September 2009 What

United Nations S/RES/1674 (2006) Security Council Distr.: General 28 April 2006 Resolution 1674 (2006) Adopted by the Security Council at its 5430th meeting, on 28 April 2006 The Security Council, Reaffirming

Clarification for Civil Rights Non-Discrimination Statement There have been several questions about using the short version of the USDA nondiscrimination statement on NSLP and SBP menus. It is acceptable

Vol. 10, No. 1 November 2013 Anti-trafficking laws and arrest trends in Illinois By Jessica Reichert, ICJIA Senior Research Analyst While some is known about domestic sex trafficking victims in the United

Submission of the Jesuit Refugee Service to the Peace Forums organised by the United Nations and Universidad Nacional on resolution of armed conflict in Colombia Jesuit Refugee Service The Jesuit Refugee

COUNTRY PROFILES AMERICAS Argentina The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Argentina covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Victims Detected victims of

US$150,000,000,000 Profits and poverty: The economics of forced labour The global integration of economies, including labour markets, has brought many opportunities for workers and businesses and has spurred

United Nations CEDAW/C/DEU/Q/6 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 12 August 2008 Original: English ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Committee on the Elimination

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC/C/OPAC/NLD/CO/1 Distr.: General 5 June 2015 ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION Original: English Committee on the Rights of the Child Concluding observations

Implementation of Legislation: Monitoring and Overseeing Government Action Session 5 Rosalyn Park, The Advocates for Human Rights Why Monitor? What Can You Monitor? Government activities, protocols, and

PHILIPPINES CHILD LABOUR DATA COUNTRY BRIEF International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) SELECTED SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS Population (millions) 81.6 Population under 15 years (percentage

Committee on Migrant Workers General Discussion Day Workplace exploitation of migrants François Crépeau, Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants A major pull factor for migration is the need

Child Labor Family Survival Strategies and Their Impact on Child Development-A A Call to Action DeBrenna L. Agbényiga, PhD, LMSW Michigan State University School of Social Work Introduction Childhood is

GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN S RIGHTS Council of Europe Standards G ender equality is central to the protection of human rights, the functioning of democracy, respect for the rule of law, and economic growth

PARLIAMENTS UNITED in combating sexual violence against children Legal protection of children from sexual exploitation: The Lanzarote Convention and the ONE in FIVE campaign Tanja Kleinsorge Head of the

UNITED NATIONS Economic and Social Council Distr. GENERAL E/C.12/SWE/CO/5 18 November 2008 Original: ENGLISH E COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Forty-first session Geneva, 3-21 November

COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS Recommendation Rec(2006)8 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on assistance to crime victims (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 14 June 2006 at

How is the World Bank harnessing Big Data for development? Isabelle Huynh Sr Operations Officer World Bank How is the World Bank harnessing Big Data for development? Isabelle Huynh Sr Operations Officer

Alliance for Labor Rights - Peru Labor Standards and Levels of Implementation and Compliance by Peru: Analysis of Chapter 17 of the United States Peru Free Trade Agreement Introduction Executive Summary

Turkish Juvenile Justice System Dr. Gonca Gülfem BOZDAĞ Ministry of Justice Head of Department, DG for International Law and Foreign Relations gonca.gulfem.yilmaz@adalet.gov.tr Presentation Outline 1/2

COMMUNITY PROTOCOL FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CASES PURPOSE: The County Attorney, Sheriff, Police Chief, Court Service Officer and DV Agency have mutually agreed upon this community protocol to encourage the

PLEDGE OF COMMITMENT BY ECLT FOUNDATION BOARD MEMBERS I. PREAMBLE ECLT Foundation Board members pledge to work collaboratively with the relevant local, national, regional and international stakeholders

A CHILD-RIGHTS APPROACH ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND CHILD TRAFFICKING: A UNICEF PERSPECTIVE United Nations Children s Fund International migration and child trafficking affect a significant number of

CRC, CRC/C/43/3 (2007) Annex IV LIST OF SUBMISSIONS TO THE DAY OF GENERAL DISCUSSION To speak, participate and decide - the child s right to be heard Children s Submissions (1) Iraqi Children s Art Exchange

Children Used by Adults to Commit Crime Guidelines for Role-players in the Criminal Justice System Children Used by Adults to Commit Crime: Guidelines for Role-players in the Criminal Justice System Prepared

MOFA Brief on Labour Rights in the UAE May 2014 Expatriate labour comprises a significant and valued part of the UAE s workforce. They are also an important source of income for their home countries: according

Embassy of Sweden Guatemala October 25-2011 Swedish bilateral development cooperation with Guatemala The Swedish strategy for development cooperation with Guatemala for the years 2008-2012, governs bilateral

Chairman's Summary of the Outcomes of the G8 Justice and Home Affairs Ministerial Meeting (Moscow, 15-16 June 2006) At their meeting in Moscow on 15-16 June 2006 the G8 Justice and Home Affairs Ministers

Erbil Declaration Regional Women s Security Forum on Resolution UNSCR 1325 The Women s Security Forum on Resolution No 1325 for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region concluded its work in Erbil

www.coe.int/oneinfive 28 April 2012 Council of Europe campaign to stop sexual violence against children 1. Getting the picture: Sexual violence is a complex, sensitive and alarmingly widespread problem

The General Assembly, Distr. GENERAL A/RES/48/104 23 February 1994 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women General Assembly resolution 48/104 of 20 December 1993 Recognizing the urgent

PROTOCOL TO PREVENT, SUPPRESS AND PUNISH TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS, ESPECIALLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN, SUPPLEMENTING THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME Advance copy of the authentic