Pinyin

Combinations of initials and finals

These are the syllables of Mandarin Chinese as shown in the combinations of initial and final sounds and as spelled in Hanyu Pinyin.

b

p

m

f

d

t

n

l

g

k

h

z

c

s

zh

ch

sh

r

j

q

x

⁂

a

ba

pa

ma

fa

da

ta

na

la

ga

ka

ha

za

ca

sa

zha

cha

sha

a

o

bo

po

mo

fo

o

e

me

de

te

ne

le

ge

ke

he

ze

ce

se

zhe

che

she

re

e

ai

bai

pai

mai

dai

tai

nai

lai

gai

kai

hai

zai

cai

sai

zhai

chai

shai

ai

ei

bei

pei

mei

fei

dei

tei

nei

lei

gei

kei

hei

zei

zhei

shei

ei

ao

bao

pao

mao

dao

tao

nao

lao

gao

kao

hao

zao

cao

sao

zhao

chao

shao

rao

ao

ou

pou

mou

fou

dou

tou

nou

lou

gou

kou

hou

zou

cou

sou

zhou

chou

shou

rou

ou

an

ban

pan

man

fan

dan

tan

nan

lan

gan

kan

han

zan

can

san

zhan

chan

shan

ran

an

ang

bang

pang

mang

fang

dang

tang

nang

lang

gang

kang

hang

zang

cang

sang

zhang

chang

shang

rang

ang

en

ben

pen

men

fen

den

nen

gen

ken

hen

zen

cen

sen

zhen

chen

shen

ren

en

eng

beng

peng

meng

feng

deng

teng

neng

leng

geng

keng

heng

zeng

ceng

seng

zheng

cheng

sheng

reng

eng

ong

dong

tong

nong

long

gong

kong

hong

zong

cong

song

zhong

chong

rong

u

bu

pu

mu

fu

du

tu

nu

lu

gu

ku

hu

zu

cu

su

zhu

chu

shu

ru

wu *

ua

gua

kua

hua

zhua

chua

shua

rua

wa *

uo

duo

tuo

nuo

luo

guo

kuo

huo

zuo

cuo

suo

zhuo

chuo

shuo

ruo

wo *

uai

guai

kuai

huai

zhuai

chuai

shuai

wai *

ui

dui

tui

gui

kui

hui

zui

cui

sui

zhui

chui

shui

rui

wei *1

uan

duan

tuan

nuan

luan

guan

kuan

huan

zuan

cuan

suan

zhuan

chuan

shuan

ruan

wan *

uang

guang

kuang

huang

zhuang

chuang

shuang

wang *

un

dun

tun

nun

lun

gun

kun

hun

zun

cun

sun

zhun

chun

shun

run

wen *2

ueng

weng *

i

bi

pi

mi

di

ti

ni

li

zi †

ci †

si †

zhi ‡

chi ‡

shi ‡

ri ‡

ji

qi

xi

yi +

ia

dia

lia

jia

qia

xia

ya +

ie

bie

pie

mie

die

tie

nie

lie

jie

qie

xie

ye +

iao

biao

piao

miao

diao

tiao

niao

liao

jiao

qiao

xiao

yao +

iu

miu

diu

niu

liu

jiu

qiu

xiu

you +3

ian

bian

pian

mian

dian

tian

nian

lian

jian

qian

xian

yan +

iang

niang

liang

jiang

qiang

xiang

yang +

in

bin

pin

min

nin

lin

jin

qin

xin

yin +

ing

bing

ping

ming

ding

ting

ning

ling

jing

qing

xing

ying +

iong

jiong

qiong

xiong

yong +

ü

nü

lü

ju ※

qu ※

xu ※

yu ※

üe

nüe

lüe

jue ※

que ※

xue ※

yue ※

üan

juan ※

quan ※

xuan ※

yuan ※

ün

jun ※

qun ※

xun ※

yun ※

Notes:

⁂ Represents a zero initial (i.e. where nothing comes before the final sound in the far left column)

* Whenever u comes at the beginning of a syllable, it is written w. W, however, must not appear without an additional vowel, so u as a complete syllable is not written as w by itself but as wu.

† The i in zi, ci, si is different from most other uses of i in that it is short, not long. It is represented in IPA by ɿ .

‡ The i in zhi, chi, shi, ri is different from most other uses of i in that it is short, not long. It is represented in IPA by ʅ .

+ Whenever i comes at the beginning of a syllable, it is written y. Thus, Y, however, must not appear without an additional vowel, so not y, yn, yng but yi, yin, ying.

※ Hanyu Pinyin simplifies the spellings of syllables with ü by using the u form instead in cases where no ambiguity could result. This is merely a spelling convention; the u's here are still pronounced ü.

1wei: ui is actually an abbreviation of uei. This is why Hanyu Pinyin uses, for example, shui, not shuei, and dui, not duei.

2wen: un is actually an abbreviation of uen.

3you: iu is acutally an abbreviation of iou. Thus, since i
is written y at the beginning of a syllable, the spelling becomes you
instead of yu (which would be not only misleading but wrong).