Átírás

1 United Nations E/CONF.101/CRP24 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL 23 July 2012 Tenth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names New York, 31 July 9 August 2012 Item 8(e) of the provisional agenda* National standardization Toponymic guidelines for map editors and other editors Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors, Hungary Submitted by Hungary** * E/CONF.101/1. ** Prepared by Béla Pokoly of the 3rd and previous editions prepared by Ervin Földi, former Chairman, Hungarian Committee on Geographical Names

4 Long consonants are doubled. Doubling of digraphs and the trigraph is carried out only for the first character. Therefore, long consonants originating from single characters become digraphs, those from digraphs become trigraph, and the trigraph becomes a tetragraph. Long consonants are as follows: bb, cc, ccs, dd, ddz, ddzs, ff, gg, ggy (its obsolete, traditional form: dgy), hh, jj, kk, ll, lly, mm, nn, nny, pp, rr, ss, ssz, tt, tty, vv, yy, zzs. 2. Alphabetic sequence The alphabetic sequence of Hungarian words and names usually follows the above table where each of the 37 unit is considered as an independent letter, while short and long pairs represent only one and the same sequential element. Double consonants always follow the short ones. Some examples: Balaton Cibakháza Zákány Bálvány Concó Zala Bana Cuha Zubogy Bánfa Csabacsűd Zsadány Baracs Csákvár Zsédeny etc. etc. etc. * occurs in foreign words, in names originating from other languages, or in traditional family names. 3. Spelling rules of Hungarian geographical names The rules summarized here, were adopted by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and published in A magyar helyesírás szabályai, 11. kiadás (Rules of Hungarian orthography, 11th edition, first printed in 1984). a) The first or only word of geographical names is always capitalized. b) Geographical names consisting of two or more words (elements) are written together in case of short names of countries where the last element is ország (=country), e.g. Magyarország, Franciaország, etc. compound names of physical and ethnic regions, e.g. Dunántúl, Kisalföld, Nagykunság etc. names without a generic term and an attribute of geographical character, e.g. Kőember, Széplány, Nekaszáld, etc. names of cities and towns, communes (villages), their inhabited parts, and usually, names of all inhabited places irrespective of their constituent words, e.g. Hódmezővásárhely, Nagyút, Sárospatak, Újfehértó, Alsóbélatelep, Feketebokormajor, Alsókirálytanya, etc. c) Geographical names consisting of two or more words (elements) are hyphenized (with the exception of names of large physical and ethnic regions, of streets, of cities, towns, communes and of their parts). names containing a final generic term, where the generic term has an initial lower case character, e.g. Arany patak, Diós völgy, Első tábla, Csepel sziget, János hegy etc. Most of the geographical names fall into this category. Remark: the term attribute of geographical character refers to words like alsó (=lower), felső (=upper), nagy (=great), kis (=little), etc. names consisting of a final word other than a generic term, being capitalized, and having an initial attribute of geographic character, e.g. Alsó Lőverek, Felső Figura, Kis Erebe, Nagy Patkó, Holt Tisza, etc. 4

5 names being the combination of the previous two categories, e.g. Rohonci Arany patak, Alsó Diósvölgy, Kis Hosszú dűlő, Ér tói rét, Forgács tagi dűlő, Hosszú szigeti dűlő, Holt Tiszai csatorna, etc. The second word of such names is either capitalized or written with a lower case initial. names which consist of two or more geographical names used also independently, where the capitalization of the second or third word is preserved, e.g. Kál Kápolna, Érd Ófalu, Hajdú Bihar, Borsod Abaúj Zemplén etc. d) Geographical names consisting of two or more words (elements) are written separated in case of full (or official) names of countries, where all words are capitalized: Francia Köztársaság, Német Szövetségi Köztársaság, Srí Lanka Demokratikus Szocialista Köztársaság, etc. names of administrative regions only with respect to the final generic term, e.g. Baranya megye, Heves megye, Jász Nagykun Szolnok megye etc. names designating streets, roads, avenues, squares, only with respect to the final generic term, e.g. Üllői út, Váci utca, Margit körút, Andrássy út, Bajcsy Zsilinszky út, etc. names containing an accusative ending, a postposition, a possessive or adverbial suffix, where the second or last word is written in lower case initial, e.g. Keveset érő, Rétek alatt, Urak asztala, Pozsonyiné kertje, Duna mente, Székre járó, Rétre dűlő etc. e) Geographical names are sometimes combined of the types described in the previous para graphs, e.g. Dél afrikai Köztársaság, Józsefhegyi út, etc. 4. Dialects Hungarian dialects represent no significant differences as compared to each other or to the standard language. Six so called dialect types are represented inside Hungary: Western, Transdanubian, Southern, Tiszai (the central part of the Hungarian Plain), Palóc (part of North West), and North Eastern. There are two rules followed in using dialect geographical names. According to the first one, dialect forms are preserved also in the standardized geographical names. This applies to dialect words unknown to, or known with different meaning in the standard language, as well as in the case of dialect forms representing a rather strong and unusual deviation as compared to the standard language. Sporadic dialect phenomena not characteristic to the area of the dialect type are also preserved. On the other hand, in applying the second rule, dialect geographical names are modified according to the standard language. This method is applied in cases where the dialect forms reflect a widely known general trend, and they are characteristic to a given area. 5. Minority languages The Fundamental Law (Constitution) of Hungary states in Article XXIX that " (1) Nationalities living in Hungary shall be constituent parts of the State. Every Hungarian citizen belonging to any nationality shall have the right to freely express and preserve his or her identity. Nationalities living in Hungary shall have the right to use their native languages and to the individual and collective use of names in their own languages, to promote their own cultures, and to be educated in their native languages." 5

6 According to the Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of Nationalities in Hungary (further: Act), the following qualify as nationalities: Bulgarian, Greek, Croatian, Polish, German, Armenian, Roma, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene and Ukrainian. Though no recent research has been made on the impact of minority languages on geographical names, it can be still stated that only Croatian, German, and Slovak may appear in a considerable number on detailed topographic maps. 6. of the Act states: " (1) In localities where the ratio, as registered in the census, of a nationality reaches ten per cent, at the request of the local nationality self government concerned operating in its territory of jurisdiction, the local municipality shall ensure that: d) the inscriptions of signs displaying locality and street names shall, in addition to Hungarian wording and writing, also display the traditional nationality names in the mother tongue of the nationality, or in the absence thereof, the names thereof shall also be displayed in the mother tongue of the nationality with the same contents and in the same form as the Hungarian names. " Besides those above, the Act states the collective rights of nationalities. Some of them relevant to geographical names: "17. It is the inalienable collective right of nationalities a) to preserve, foster, reinforce and pass on their identity, b) to preserve and develop their historical traditions and mother tongue and to foster and enrich their material and spiritual culture. 18. In exercising their rights attached to the use of communal names, nationalities have the right to use historically established locality names, street names and other geographical designations intended for the community. " A more detailed regulation can be found in 5 of Gov. Decree No. 303/2007. (modified by Gov. Decree No. 36/2011): "...(4) A minority language name can also be established based on the rules given in the previous point (1). A minority language name for features belonging to points a), c) and e) to j) of 3, can be established parallel with the Hungarian name." This means that in case of names of the relief, nature conservation, transport and communication, names of built up areas of cities and communes, names of outskirt settlements, and street names only parallel minority language names can be applied. In all other types of geographical names a single minority language name can be given as an official name. Minority language geographical names appear on the present topographical and other large scale maps, written in the Hungarian alphabet. Preparations have been made to change minority geographical names into the respective orthography. Difficulties arise from the fact that some minorities use the names in a dialect form, while in most cases standard forms are required. B. NAMES AUTHORITIES AND NAMES STANDARDIZATION 1. Administrative names As to names of communes, towns, and cities, decisions are made by the President of the Republic, as to names of counties, by the Parliament. The standardized form of this group of names is regularly published by the Central Statistical Office, and can be accessed at the following website: 2. Other names As to other geographical names, responsibility is split between the local governments (street names, names of the parts of cities, towns and communes, including the names of outskirt settlements), and the 6

7 Committee on Geographical Names = Földrajzinév bizottság (all other names). The Committee is an interministerial body situated in the Ministry of Rural Development at the following address: Földrajzinév bizottság Vidékfejlesztési Minisztérium H 1860 Budapest 55, P.O. Box 1. Secretary: President: Registration and maintenance of standardized geographical names is carried out in the Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing. Its address: Földmérési és Távérzékelési Intézet, 1149 Budapest XIV. Bosnyák tér 5. Postal address: H 1592 Budapest P.O.B. 585, Hungary Website: Also in the framework of this Institute, the Database Gazetteer of Hungary (FNT) is under development, containing records. See below: C. Source materials, point 3. C. SOURCE MATERIALS 1. A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévtára (Detailed Gazetteer of the Republic of Hungary) Contains the names of communes, towns, cities as well as smaller inhabited places with population, area and other data as of As to names inside cities, towns and communes, this is the most recent source available at present. Központi Statisztikai Hivatal/ Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Budapest, Website: 2. A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 1st January január 1. (Gazetteer of the Republic of Hungary, 1 st January, 2011). Contains summary data on different type of administration, detailed data of localities, changes in regional structuring, etc. Only the names of cities, towns, and villages are given without outskirt settlements. Központi Statisztikai Hivatal/ Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Budapest, Website: More information: by clicking on Publications then Gazetteer. 3. Database Gazetteer of Hungary (FNT) This information is based on the website, where the database can be found by using the English language option, by clicking on the British flag on the left margin, then Product/Hungarian Gazetteer (FNT1). The database of the Gazetteer contains the names of settlements, parts of settlements, landscapes, smaller units (ridges, forests etc.) nature conservation areas, relief and hydrography, names of conspicuous points (ruin, lookout tower, castle etc.) usually marked on the maps as well as the names of the most important objects of traffic, altogether 40 types of geographic names. A name record determines the location of an object marked with geographic name together with the names of the county, the settlement and an EOV and/or geographic coordinate pair. The name record contains the type of the geographical name and its variations both with their sources. Other attributes: 7

8 population, elevation, connecting points of watercourses. In the field of Notes there are remarks on the changes of public administration, the parent or subordination relations among names or about the case if the name extends over the area of another settlement. By its content, the database is structured by settlements (excepted landscapes and counties), which means that a geographical object extending over more settlement can be found as many times as the number of the settlements. By logic, the structure of the database consists of name records; there is no hierarchy among the records. Upgrading the Database Gazetteer of Hungary A revision of microtoponyms though field work has been going on in Hungary for over two decades. The programme will cover the entire area of Hungary with the added aim of delineating the extent of each small areal feature on map at scale 1: Performed by the Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing, nearly half of the country s area has already been revised. Though work has slowed recently, 126 communes were completed this way in the past 5 years, plus several dozen villages with their wine producing field names. Involvment of local self governments are indispensable in this programme.. Owner FÖMI Contact person Gábor Mikesy 8

13 szőlő(hegy) 1. vineyard; 2. hill or hillside with vines tábla 1. field, patch, plot, strip; 2. large cultivated field tag = tábla tájvédelmi körzet natural reserve district, a natural reserve of local importance tanya detached farm(stead), a small detached settlement in the fields of a village or town consisting of a residential and one or more farm building társközség associate commune, a commune without local council [obsolete] telek 1. a piece of ground, allotment; 2. a small cultivated field or pasture in the surroundings of a farm telep 1. settlement, premises; 2. = lakótelep település a designation: all kinds of inhabited places településrész a designation: named part of inhabited places temető cemetery tér place, square tető summit, peak of a mountain or hill tó, tavak lake, lakes új út utca vár várhegy város városkörnyék városrész várrom vasútállomás vasúti megállóhely railway stop víz vízfolyás völgy zártkert zátony zug new road street castle 1. castle hill; 2. mountain, hill town, city town district, a former second order administrative unit consisting of a town as a center, and several communes [obsolete] quarter, district or ward of a town ruins of a castle or fortress railway station 1. water; 2. = patak water course valley an obsolete designation and former legal entity: a part of the area outside of the inhabited centre of a commune or town, cultivated in small strips by individual farmers as opposed to other lands cultivated (previously) by cooperatives or state farms sandbank, shallow corner, rook 13

EIGHTH UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Berlin, 27 August 5 September 2002 Item 9. e) of the Provisional Agenda TOPONYMIC GUIDELINES FOR MAP AND OTHER EDITORS HUNGARY

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