@zedee Hmm it would take many moons to cover my full process and since i'm not frontend guy i tend to spend quite some time on basic tasks

What i can do is to share any information or way of me doing things for something specific.

So you scaffold-ed theme and now you have blank page.
First thing i do is create my layouts based on flatty master layout and index page.
I use bower for any vendor assets i need for example bootstrap.

If you have DebugBar enabled (which it is by default) you can see all available variables and what view/s being called.

(Un)fortunately I have to take care of the front and the backend, so I'm the guy for everything

So far so good. Following the theme creation via scaffolding now I see it more clearly. At first time I think I did it by copying the same file&folder structure that one of the demo themes, hence being a bit confused about the process.

I'm also not much used to the bower/gulp workflow, as we've been doing pretty much of this stuff in the old school way. I'm trying to make this become a de facto standard in my work, but before that I need to achieve some mastery about the process.

Now with a completely blank theme I think I'll found my way to build it. Thanks for pointing me to the Scaffolding way!

Well CMS only provides you with controller responses.
What you do with those responses(variables) depends on you.

Themes are totally decoupled from CMS itself, only tied by Core module and Stylist Theme package. But that should be no concern.
You basically have full control of freedom to do whatever you want with your theme.

Modular behavior changes would already become another topic as you would need your own rewrite modules.

I can help with any specific question, but for a broad view you would have to figure it our by trying and analyzing AdminLTE.

But I'm driving nuts about how the publishing is done in AdminLTE ? I'm only being able to publish via Elixir, but I can't find how to publish the vendor folder as well...

Also, I had trouble with touching asgard.core.core.php assets. I've removed all with the theme key, but then an AssetMissingException is thrown.

Well, I'll try to analyze in deepness everything about AdminLTE. The only drawback is that I'd need that days had 96 hours instead of 24 to stay on schedule... My research time is starting to get tight!