aeon; world-age; world-cycle; worldperiod. 2. the life-term; life-period;
the duration of life.
កប្បនា (Kappanà) 1. merit dedicated to
the departed. 2. េមីល អគារដាក់កប្បិយវត្ថុ
កប្បពិន្ទុ (Kappabindu) a smudge that
makes a new robe allowable; dark
mark or small black dot applied to a
new robe to make it lawful. v.
( ដាក់កប្បពិន្ទុ ) to make a robe
allowable by applying a disfiguring
smudge (by which the owner can also
identify it); mark with a smudge.
កប្បិយការកៈ (Kappiyakàraka) one who
makes things suitable for a monk;
attendant of a monk.
កម្ម (Kamma) 1. karma; kamma; a
volitional action; action; deed; good
and bad volition. 2. work; job;
activity; transaction.
កម្មកេិ លស (Kammakilesa) an action
causing impurity; depravity of action;
vice of conduct.
កម្មដ្ឋាន (Kammaååhàna) subjects of
meditation; meditation exercises; the
act of meditation or contemplation;
ground for mental culture.
កម្មនិយាម (Kammaniyàma) order of act
and result; the Law of Kamma.
កម្មបថ (Kammapatha) course of action;
way of action; kamma as the way
leading to the woeful or blissful
existences.
កម្មភព (Kammabhava) kamma-process;

(Kaåattàkamma) casual act;
cumulative or reserve kamma.
កឋិន (Kaåhina) the Kathin ceremony;
the
annual
robe-presentation
ceremony (in the month following
the end of the Rains Retreat);
postlenten robe-offering; Post-Retreat
Robe-Presen-tation.
កណ្ឌ (Kaäða) 1. a chapter, portion or
part (of a religious book). 2. a
sermon.

កដតា្ត កម្ម

កណ្ឌ េទស (Dhammadesanàpùjà*, Dham-

makathikadeyya*) offerings for a

sermon.

កតញ្ញតា
ុ (Kataññutà) gratitude; gratefulness; appreciation.

កតញ្ញូ (Kataññù) adj. grateful; obliging;
knowing the done favour.

កតញ្ញូកតេវទិតា (Kataññùkatavedità)

the
quality of being a grateful person;
gratitude; gratefulness.
កតញ្ញូកតេវទី (Kataññùkatavedì) one who
is thankful for benefits received and
reciprocates them.

កតតា្ត កម្ម

េមីល

កដតា្ត កម្ម

កតេវទី (Katavedì) one who reciprocates
the done favour.

កថាវត្ថុ (Kathàvatthu)

1. “Points of
Controversy”; name of the fifth book
of the Abhidhamma Piåaka. 2. a
subject of discussion.
កប្ប , កល្ប (Kappa) 1. an aeon; world-

(Gaäapùraka) one who
completes the quorum; quorumcompleting monk.
គណៈសង្ឃ (Saægha) the monastic order;
the Church, especially the Buddhist
monastic order; the Order; the

គណបូរកៈ

5

sense perception; a sense-object. 2. a
suitable place; resort for alms; alms
resort.
េគាចរគាម (Gocaragàma) a village
where a monk goes for alms or
obtains his food; alms-resort village.
េគាតម (Gotama) name of the clan to
which the Buddha belonged.
េគា្រត (Gotta) clan; ancestry; lineage.
្រគង (Ekaçsaç) v. to arrange the upper
robe over one shoulder (the left one).
្រគងចីវរ (Nivàseti, Pàrupati) v. to don;
wear; put on (the yellow robe).
្រគបបា្រត (Pattapidhàna) lid or cover for
an alms-bowl; alms-bowl lid.
្រគហស្ថ (Gahaååha) a householder;
layman; the laity.

those who measure or judge by voice;
those whose faith depends on sweet

voice or good repute; those attached
to voice.

ង
េងឿងឆ្ងល់

(muååhassati)

េងឿងឆ្ងល់ ,

confused;

muddled; deranged.

េសចក្តី

(sammosa)

confusion; falling into oblivion.

ច
ចក្ខុ (Cakkhu) the eye.
ចក្ខុទ្វារ (Cakkhudvàra) the

composed.

ចតុបច្ចយ
័ (Catupaccaya) េមីល បច្ច័យ
ចតុព្វិធពរ
(Catubbidhavara*)

eye-door;

the
fourfold blessing; the four excellent
things, viz., long life, beauty,
happiness and health.
ចតុរា រិយសច្ច (Cattàri Ariyasaccàni) the
Four Noble Truths; the Four Holy
Truths.
ចតុវគ្គ (Catuvagga) a chapter of four
monks.
ចន្ទគតិ (Candagati*) the system of a
lunar calendar.

eye-avenue.

ចក្ខុ វិញា្ញណ (Cakkhuviññàäa)

eye-con-

sciousness.

ច្រក , ច្រកធម៌ (Cakka)

the set of four
virtues, being like the four wheels of
a carriage, constituting the means to
prosperity; virtues wheeling to
prosperity.
ច្រកវាឡ (Cakkavàøa) a world-circle;
solarsystem; universe.

ចង្កូមែកវ
េមីល
ច្រង្កម (Caækama)

ទាឋធាតុ

ចេ្រមីន្រពះពុទម្ធ ន្ត

walking up and
down; a terraced walk. v. to walk up
and down.

ចង្វាក់សូ្រតធម៌

(Vatta,

Bhàäassara*)

mode of chanting.

ចណ្ឌ ាល (Caäðàla)

an outcaste; the

untouchable.

ចតុត្ថជ្ឈាន (Catutthajjhàna)

the fourth
Jhàna; the fourth absorption.

ចតុធាតុវវតា្ថ ន
analysis of
determining
contemplation
qualities of

(Parittabhaäana)

(K.)

(used for auspicious ceremonies) to
chant holy stanzas.
ចរណៈ (Caraäa) behaviour; conduct;
good conduct.
ចរិត (Carita) the intrinsic nature of a
person;
(the
six
types
of)
characteristic behaviour; character;
temperament.
ចរិយាបិដក (Cariyàpiåaka) “Modes of
Conduct”; name of the fifteenth
division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.
ចរិយាវត្ត (Cariyàvatta*) 1. customs and
manners to be observed; duties

(Catudhàtuvavatthàna)
the four elements;
of the elements;
on the four essential
which the body is

purification of consciousness.
ចិត្តសង្ខារ (Cittasaækhàra) mental formation; mental function, i.e. perception
and feeling.
ចិតា្តនុបស្សនា
(Cittànupassanà)
the
contem-plation
of
mind;
contemplation of various states of
mind; mindfulness as regards mental
states.
ចិត្តុប្បាទ (Cittuppàda) the rise of a
thought; thought; intention.
ចិន្តមយបញា្ញ (Cintamayapaññà) understanding through reasoning; wisdom
resulting from reflection.
ចីវរ (Cìvara) 1. the yellow robe (of a
Buddhist monk or novice); any of the
three garments of the monk. 2. (K.) the
upper or inner robe.
ចីវរអធិដ្ឋាន
(Adhiååhitacìvara) the
deter-mined robes; the three robes
determined for regular personal use.
ចុតិ (Cuti) shifting (out of one
existence to another); decease; the
final thought-moment of a particular
life; death.
ចុតិចិត្ត (Cuticitta) death-consciousness;
dying or death-consciousness; the
consciousness disconnecting the
present life.

Adhikàrapati*) the abbot who is an
Ecclesiastical Sub-District Chief as
well.
េចៅអាវាស (Vihàrapati*) the abbot.
ចាំវស្សា , ការ (Vassàvàsa) Vassaresidence; the rains-retreat; rainsresidence; keeping the Buddhist Lent;
keeping the rainy season; welling
permanently at a suitable place
throughout the three months of the
rainy season.

for truth and understanding. 2.
consent; declaration of consent to an
official act by an absentee; proxy
vote.
ឆន្ទ (Chanda) metrics; prosody; a
metre; metrical composition.
ឆន្ទាគតិ (Chandàgati) the wrong way of
behaviour consisting in predilection;

stanzas for the blessing or glory of
victory.
ជរា (Jarà) old age; decay.
ជលាពុជៈ
(Jalàbuja)
womb-born
creatures;
those born from the
womb; the viviparous.
ជវន (Javana) impulsion; apperception;
impulsive moment; a phase or stage
of the process of consciousness at
which there is full perception and at
which kamma is performed, usually
lasting for seven thought-moments.

ជាគរិយានុេយាគ

(Jàgariyànuyoga)

practice of watchfulness; avoidance
of sleep; wakefulness.
ជាតក (Jàtaka) 1. a birth story; the
stories of the Buddha’s previous

treatment towards kinsmen; the
helping of one’s relatives.
ញាតិសាេលាហិត (Ñàtisàlohita) relations
and blood relations.
ញាយ្យ , ញាយ្យធម៌ (Ñàya) right path;
right method; the Noble Path; truth;
Nibbàna.
េញយ្យធម៌ (Ñeyyadhamma) anything
that should be learnt or understood;
the knowable.
េញាម (Posì) appellation used by a
monk for his parents or his patron or
supporter.

ដ
ដាក់បា្រត (Piäðadàna) v. to offer food
to the monks on their almsround.
11

ដាក់សពំ ត់

[

បង្សុកូល

(Paçsukùlacìvaranik-khipana)

]

(K.) v.

to lay a robe (as an offering to a
monk at a funeral or memorial
ceremony); lay down a funeral robe.

to a monk. 3. (K.) written request for
donation. 4. (K.) petition; appeal.

ដុំថ្មនមិ ិត្តសីមា (Sìmànimittùparisilàpaååa)

ដាក់អាយុសង្ខារ (Àyusaækhàra-vossajjana)

boundarymarking slab (usually made
of stone and erected over a buried
boundary-marking stone to show its
place). េមីល លូកនិមិត្ត

to relinquish the vital force; the
Buddha’s announcement of his
coming death.
ដីកា (Åìkà) 1. a sub-commentary. 2. (K.)
a letter of invitation or invitation card

ឋ
ឋាន (Åhàna*)

entourage.

pedestal (as of a

ឋានានុសក្កិ (Åhànànusatti)

the authority
based on one’s rank or dignity.
ឋិតិ , ឋីតិ (Åhiti, Åhìti) duration; static
moment; the moment of standing.

Buddha image).

(Åhànànukkama*)
the
ecclesia-stical order of retinue;
assistants
or
staff
members;

ឋានានុ្រកម

ត
(Tacapañcaka-

តចបញ្ចកកម្មដា្ឋ ន

kammaååhà-na) the “skin pentad” of
meditation subjects; the subject for
meditation comprising the five
constituents ending with the skin (the
four others being hair, body hair,
nails and teeth)
តជ្ជនីយកម្ម (Tajjanìyakamma) the formal
act of censure.
តណ្ហ ា (Taähà) craving; desire; thirst.
តតិយជ្ឈាន (Tatiyajjhàna) the third
Jhàna; the third absorption.

(Tatramajjhattatà)

ត្រតមជ្ឈត្តតា
equanimity;
balance.

តថាគត

equipoise;

(Tathàgata)

mental

the
Accomplished One; the Thus-come;
1.

12

the Thus-gone; the Truthwinner; an
epithet of the Buddha. 2. an Arahant.
3. a being.

inflicting a penalty on one who is at
fault; decision for specific depravity.
តាបស (Tàpasa) a hermit; ascetic.
តាលបត្ត (Tàlapatta) a palm leaf. (K.) a
fan made of palm-leaves, with a long

handle, used by a monk in
ceremonies; ceremonial fan. េមីល ផ្លិត

ដំែណង
តាវត្តិង្ស , តាវត្តឹស (Tàvatiçsà) the realm

(or heaven) of the Thirty-three Gods;
name of the second heavenly abode,
of which Sakka is the king.

តិណវតា្ថ រកវិនយ
័

(Tiäavatthàrakavinaya)

pro-cedure for covering over (as)
with grass, (a reconciliation of both
parties without need for clearing up
the rights and wrongs).

តិរចា្ឆ ន , កំេណីត
េមីល
តិរចា្ឆ នេយានិ
តិរចា្ឆ នកថា (Tiracchànakathà)

a variety
of worldly talk; childish talk; aimless
talk.
តិរចា្ឆ នេយានិ
(Tiracchànayoni)
the
animal kingdom; the realm of the
brute creation.
តិរចា្ឆ នវិជ្ជា (Tiracchànavijjà) a low art;
pseudosciences; any study tending to
be an obstacle on the way to
Nibbàna.
តិ រិយ្ថ (Titthiya) an adherent of another
religion; heretical teacher.

តិសរណគមនូបសម្បទា (Tisaraäagamanùpa-

sampadà) ordination by taking the
Threefold Refuge.
តុេរៀបេ្រគឿងសកា្ក រៈ (Pùjanapìåha*) a set of
altar tables.
តុសិត (Tusità) the realm of delight; the
delightful realm; the heaven of the
satisfied gods; name of the fourth
heavenly abode, of which Santusita is
the king.

13

(Tejokasiäa)
firecontempla-tion; fire as a meditational
device.
េតេជាធាតុ (Tejodhàtu) fire-element; the
element of heat; heat.
េតវាចិក (Tevàcika) lit. pronouncing
three words or three times; especially
one who pronounces the threefold
formula of refuge, the first being
Yasa’s father.
្រតាស់ដឹង (Bodhi) Enlightenment. v. to
be enlightened; attain enlightenment.
ៃ្រតចីវរ (Ticìvara) the three robes of a
Bhikkhu, consisting of the under, the
upper and the outer robes; Triple
Robe.
ៃ្រតទ្វារ (Tidvàra) the three doors or
avenues of action: body, speech, and
mind.
ៃ្រតបិដក (Tepiåaka) lit. the Three
Baskets; the Tipiåaka; the three
divisions of the Buddhist Canon, viz.,
Vinaya, Sutta and Abhidhamma,
generally known as the Pali Canon.

េតេជាកសិណ

ៃ្រតភព , ៃ្រតភូមិ (Tibhava, Tebhùmi)
the Three Spheres, viz., the Sense
Sphere, the Form Sphere and the
Formless Sphere; three realms; three
worlds; three planes of existence.
ៃ្រតមាស , ្រតីមាស (Temàsa) three
months, especially those of the rainy
season.
ៃ្រតរតន៍ (Ratanattaya) the Three Jewels;
the Three Gems; Triple Gem. េមីល

រតន្រត័យ
ៃ្រតលក្ខណៈ

(Tilakkhaäa)

the

Three

Refuge;
Guide.

Charac-teristics; the Three Signs of
Being; also called the Common
Characteristics. េមីល សាមញ្ញលក្ខណៈ
ៃ្រតេលាក (Tiloka) the three worlds. េមីល

ៃ្រតភព
ៃ្រតេវទ (Tiveda)

Three

Refuges;

Triple

ៃ្រតសរណគមន៍ (Tisaraäagamana)

taking
the Threefold Refuge; going to the
Buddha, the Dhamma, and the
Sangha for refuge.
ៃ្រតសិកា្ខ (Sikkhàttaya) the Threefold
Learning; the Threefold Training; the
Three Studies: morality, concentration and wisdom, (preferably,
training in higher morality, in higher
mentality, and in higher wisdom).

the three
knowledges; the three Vedas; the
three divisions of the Brahmanic
canon of authorized religious
teaching and practice, viz., Irubbeda,
Yajubbeda and Sàmaveda, to which
the fourth, Athabbana, was added
later.
ៃ្រតសរណៈ (Tisaraäa) the Threefold
lit.

(Theyyasaçvàsa) living
clandestinely with the monks;
disguising oneself as a monk;
communion by theft.
េថរៈ (Thera) an elder; a senior member
of the Order; a senior monk (of at
least ten years’ standing).
េថរគាថា (Theragàthà) “Psalms of the
Brethren”; “Verses of the Elders”;
name of the eighth division of the
Khuddaka Nikàya.
េថរវាទ (Theravàda) the Doctrine of the
Elders; Teaching of the Elders; the
Southern School of Buddhism.
េថរានុេថរៈ (Therànuthera) senior monks
in general.
េថរី (Therì) a woman elder; senior nun.

េថយ្យសំវាស

េថរីគាថា (Therìgàthà)

ៃថ្ងេពញបូរណ៍ (Puääamìdivasa)

“Psalms of the
Sisters”; “Verses of the Women
Elders”; name of the ninth division of
the Khuddaka Nikàya.
ៃថ្ងេការ (Kesoropaäadivasa*) Shaving
Day; the eve of a Buddhist holy day.
ៃថ្ងចូលវស្សា (Vassùpanàyikàdivasa) the
first day of the rains-retreat;
beginning of the rains-residence;
Rains-Entry Day.
ៃថ្ងេចញវស្សា (Pavàraäàdivasa) the last
day of the rains-residence; end of the
rains-retreat; Retreat-Ending Day.
ៃថ្ងបវារណា (Pavàraäàdivasa) the last day
of the rains-residence, on which the
Pavàraäà ceremony is performed;
Pavàraäà Day.

ៃថ្ងឧេបាសថ២ (Uposathadivasa) 1. េមីល ៃថ្ង
ឧេបាសថ១ 2. observance day; the day
on which the Fundamental Rules of
the Buddhist monks are recited.
ថ្វាយ (Deti) v. to offer, give or present
(to a monk or a prince).
ថ្វាយ្រពះេភ្លីង
(Sarìrajjhàpana)
the
cremation ceremony.

ទ
ទក្ខណ
ិ ា (Dakkhiäà)

a gift; donation;
dedicatory gift; an intercessional
expiatory offering; donation given to
a holy person with reference to unhappy beings in the Peta existence,
intended for the alleviation of their
sufferings.

ទក្ខណ
ិ ានុប្បទាន

(Dakkhiäànuppadàna*)

offering made to a monk or monks on
behalf of the dead.
ទក្ខណ
ិ ាវដ្ដ (Dakkhiäàvaååa) winding to
the right; clockwise.

ទក្ខេិ ណយ្យបុគ្គល

(Dakkhiäeyyapuggala)

an individual deserving a donation;
one worthy of a donation.
ទក្ខេិ ណាទក (Dakkhiäodaka) water of
dedication; consecrated water.

of heavenly beings; reflection on
deifying virtues as found in oneself.
េទវតាពលី (Devatàbali) an offering to
the deity.
េទវទូត (Devadùta) lit. gods’ messenger;
divine messenger; a symbolic name
for those things which remind man of
his future and rouse him to earnest
striving.
េទវធម៌ (Devadhamma) divine virtue;
the virtues that make divine, i.e.
moral shame and dread.
េទវរូប (Devarùpa*) an image of a deity;
idol.
េទវេលាក (Devaloka) world of gods;
heaven; celestial realm.
េទសកាល (Desakàla) a season for meritmaking and local festivals.
េទសនា (Desanà) preaching; discourse;
sermon; instruction. v. to preach;
expound the Doctrine; give a sermon.

(K.) “Great-Birth Sermon”; a sermon
on the great birth story of the
Bodhisatta Vessantara.

ធ
ធម៌ - េមីល ធម្ម ធម៌ វិន័យ (Dhammavinaya)

DhammaVinaya; the Norm-Discipline; the
Doctrine and the Discipline.
ធម្ម , ធម៌ (Dhamma) 1. the Dharma;
the Dhamma; the Doctrine; the
Teachings (of the Buddha). 2. the
Law; nature. 3. the Truth; Ultimate
Reality. 4. the Supramundane,

sion; religious talk; talk on the
Dhamma; Dhammalecture.
ធម្មកថិក (Dhammakathika) one who
preaches the Doctrine; a preacher.
ធម្មកាមតា (Dhammakàmatà) the quality
of one who loves the Dhamma; love
of Truth.
ធម្មក្ខន្ធ (Dhammakkhandha) a portion
of the Dhamma; a main article of the
Doctrine; a textual unit; a category of
the Dhamma.
ធម្ម្រកក (Dhamakaraka) a filter; waterstrainer.
ធម្មគណ
ុ
(Dhammaguäa) virtue or
quality of the Dhamma.

ធម្មញ្ញតា
ុ (Dhammaññutà) the quality of

ធម្មចក្កប្បវត្តនសូ្រត

(merit) connected with, or to be
gained through, preaching; the way
of making merit consisting in moral
instruction.
ធម្មធរៈ (Dhammadhara) “Dhamma
bearer”; one versed in the Dhamma;
an expert in the Dhamma.
ធម្មធាតុ (Dhammadhàtu) 1. a mental
object. 2. the cosmic law.
ធម្មនិយាម (Dhammaniyàma) order of
the norm; law of the Dhamma;
certainty or orderliness of causes and
effects; general law of cause and
effect.

(Dhammacakkappavatta-nasutta) the

discourse of setting in motion the
Wheel of the Doctrine; the Discourse
of the Foundation of the Kingdom of
Righteousness; the First Sermon.
ធម្មចក្ខុ (Dhammacakkhu) the Eye of
Truth; the Eye of Wisdom.
ធម្មច្រក (Dhammacakka) the Wheel of
the Doctrine; the Wheel of the Law;
the Wheel of Truth; the Kingdom of
Righteousness; the First Sermon.
ធម្មច រិយា (Dhammacariyà) observance
of righteousness; righteous conduct.
ធម្មចា រិកៈ (Dhammacàrika) wandering
Dhamma-preacher; spiritual-welfare
worker.
ធម្មេចតីយ៍ (Dhammacetiya) a shrine in
which sacred texts are housed; a
shrine of theDoctrine; doctrinal

19

one who knows the Law; knowing
the cause or origin; knowing the
principles.
ធម្មតា (Dhammatà) general rule;
nature; the law of nature; cosmic law.
ធម្មទាន (Dhammadàna) the Gift of
Truth; gift of the Dhamma.
ធម្មទតូ
(Dhammadùta*) Dhammamessen-ger; Buddhist field-preacher;
Buddhist missionary.

ធម្មេទសនា

(Dhammadesanà)

expounding the Dhamma; preaching;
exposition of the Doctrine; a sermon.

ធម្មេទសនាមយៈ

ធម្មបដិសម្ភិទា

(Dhammadesanàmaya)

(Dhammapaåisambhidà)

Dis-crimination
of
the
Law;
analytical knowledge of the Law;
discrimina-ting
knowledge
of
reasons, conditions or causal
relations.

ធម្មបទ (Dhammapada)

1. “Way of
Truth”; “An Anthology of Sayings of
the Buddha”; name of the second
division of the Khuddaka Nikàya. 2. a
line or stanza of the Doctrine; a word
of the Doctrine; talk or discourse on
the Dhamma.
ធម្មប រិយាយ (Dhammapariyàya) disquisition.

ធម្មប្បមាណិកា

(Dhammappamàäikà)

those who measure or judge by righteousness; those whose faith depends
on the Dhamma or on righteous
behaviour.

ធម្មយុត្តិ ,

ធម្មយុត្តិកនិកាយ

(Dhammayuttika-nikàya*)

the
Dhammayutika Sect; “Law-Abiding
Sect”; Smaller Sub-Order (of the
Khmer
Monkhood);
smaller
denomination. េ្របៀបេធៀប មហានិកាយ
ធម្មវាទី (Dhammavàdì) one who speaks
according to the Dhamma; speaker of
the doctrine; speaker of the rightful
things.
ធម្ម វិច័យ (Dhammavicaya) investigation
of the Truth or the Doctrine; (K.)
research on the Dhamma; search of
Truth.
ធម្ម វិជ័យ (Dhammavijaya) conquest by
piety; conquest by righteousness.

ធម្ម វិភាគ

(Dhammavibhàga)

classification
of
enumeration of the
Dhamma classification.

ធម្មសង្គណី

dhammas;
Dhamma;

(Dhammasaægaäi)

“Classifica-tion
of
Dhammas”;
“Enumeration of Phenomena”; name

20

of the first book of the Abhidhamma
Piåaka.
ធម្មសភា (Dhammasabhà) the Hall of
Truth; a hall for the discussion of the
Dhamma; a place for religious
meeting.

generalis-simo of the Dhamma;
Commander in Chief of the Law; an
epithet of the Venerable Sàriputta.
ធម្មស្សវនៈ (Dhammassavana) hearing
the Dhamma; hearing the preaching
of the Dhamma; hearing a sermon;
listening to the good teaching.

ធម្មស្សវនមយៈ

(Dhammassavanamaya)

(merit) connected with, or to be
gained through, hearing a sermon; the
way of making merit consisting in
listening to the Dhamma.

ធមា្ម ធម្មបដិបត្តិ
(Dhammànudhammapaåi-patti)
practice in perfect conformity to the
Dhamma.

ធមា្ម ធិដ្ឋាន

(Dhammàdhiååhàna)

exposition in terms of ideas; teaching
with reference to ideas.

ធមា្ម ធិបេតយ្យ

(Dhammàdhipateyya)

regard of the Dhamma (the Law or
righteousness) as being supreme;
supremacy of the Dhamma; dominant

ធាតុកថា (Dhàtukathà) “Discussion with

influence by the Dhamma; rule of the
true law; rule of righteousness.
ធមា្ម នុបស្សនា (Dhammànupassanà) the
Con-templation of Mind-object;
contem-plation
of
phenomena;
mindfulness as regards the Dhamma.

reference to the Elements”; name of
the third book of the Abhidhamma
Piåaka.

ធាតុកម្មដ្ឋាន េមីល ចតុធាតុវវតា្ថ ន
ធាតុេចតីយ៍ (Dhàtucetiya) a

shrine over
the Buddha’s relic; dagoba.

(Dhammànussati)

ធមា្ម នុស្សតិ

recollection
of
the
Doctrine;
reflection on the virtues of the
Dhamma.

under-standing
of
the
Truth;
conversion
to
the
Dhamma;
enlightenment.
ធមា្ម រម្មណ៍ (Dhammàrammaäa) a mindobject; cognizable object; cognoscible object.
ធមា្ម សនៈ (Dhammàsana) the Dhammaseat; a seat on which a monk sits
while preaching; pulpit.
ធម្មីកថា (Dhammìkathà) religious talk;
discussion concerning the Doctrine;
Dhamma talk.
ធាតុ (Dhàtu) 1. an element; natural
condition; that which carries its own
characteristic mark. 2. a relic,
especially that of the Buddha or an
Arahant.

released from dependence, or
independent of protection; a legally
independent monk; a monk who has
completed five years of living in
dependence on the preceptor.
និស្សរណវិមតុ ្តិ (Nissaraäavimutti) deliverance by escaping from defilements;
freedom by deliverance; Nibbàna.
នីវរណៈ
(Nìvaraäa)
(the
five)
hindrances; obstacles.
េនក្ខម្ម (Nekkhamma) renunciation;
giving up the world; escape from
sensual-ity; absence of greed;
independence of sensual desire and
pleasures;
self-denial;
selfabnegation.

េនក្ខម្ម វិតក្ក

(Nekkhammavitakka)

thought of renunciation; thought free
from selfish desire.

េនន េមីល សាមេណរ
េនយ្យ (Neyya) one who is to be led or
instructed; one requiring guidance; a
trainable or teachable person.

េនវសញា្ញ នាសញា្ញ យតនៈ

(Nevasaññànàsaññà-yatana)
the
Realm of neither Perception nor Non-

perception; the fourth immaterial

sphere.

ប
បករណ៍ (Pakaraäa)

a literary work;
book; canonical text; scripture.
បក្ខ (Pakkha) a fortnight; one half of
the lunar month; (lunar) half-month.
បង្កាន់ៃដ (Ratanapàkàra) consecrated
wall; a parapet (surrounding a sacred
building).
បង្គន់ (Vaccakuåì) the water closet;
toilet (for monks); privy.
បង្សុកូល (Paçsukùla) lit. soiled or
loathesome as dirt; like a dust
heap; discarded; disposed of;
unwanted. 1. rags from a dust heap;
a robe made of rags taken from dustbins; discarded cloth; rag-robe. 2. (K.)
a yellow robe dedicated to a deceased
person. v. to take such robes after
contemplating on the imper-manence
of compounded things; meditate and
take a funeral (or memorial) robe.

បង្សុកូលចីវរ

(Paçsukùla-cìvara,

Assàmika-vattha)

“Forest Robe”;
សំពត់បង្សុកួល )
cloth
(probably,
discarded in the forest or on a charnel
ground; discarded cloth; (K.) a robe
left for the monks to take as a
discarded cloth. v. ( ដាក់សពំ ត់ ) to
leave a robe (together with other
offerings) for the monks to take as a
discarded cloth; hold a Forest-Robe
Presenta-tion Ceremony.
បច្ចន្រ្ត បេទស (Paccantadesa) the outskirts of a country; bordering regions.

បច្ចយសន្និស្សិតសីល (Paccayasannissitasìla)
discipline as regards the four
requisites; conduct in connection
with the necessities of life.
បច្ចយាការៈ (Paccayàkàra) “the Mode of
Dependency.” េមីល បដិច្ចសមុប្បាទ
បច្ចេវក្ខណៈ (Paccavekkhaäa) reflection;
consideration; reviewing.
បច្ចុបដ្ឋាន (Paccupaååhàna) appearance;
mode of appearance; phenomenon.
បេច្ចកពុទ្ធ (Paccekabuddha) a private
Buddha; a Silent Buddha; a Buddha
who has won enlightenment by
himself, but does not teach others;
one who gains liberation for himself
alone.
បចា្ឆ ភត្ត (Pacchàbhatta) afternoon; after
the mealtime of the monk.
បចា្ឆ សមណៈ (Pacchàsamaäa) a junior
monk who walks behind a senior on
his rounds; accompanying monk;
attend-ant.
បច្ឆិមជាតិ (Pacchimajàti) the last birth.
បច្ឆិមភត្តកាល (Pacchimabhattakàla*) the
limited time for the second and last
meal of the monk; lunchtime for
Buddhist monks, (11.00 A.M. to 12.00
noon); forenoon meal.

(Pacchimayàma) the last
watch (from 2:00 to 6:00 a.m.).
បច្ឆិមវាចា (Pacchimavàcà) the last word;
the last saying.
បច្ឆិមឱវាទ (Pacchimaovàda) the last
instru-ction; the last advice or
exhortation.
បច្ឆិមិកាវស្សា (Pacchimikà) the later
period for keeping the rains.
បញ្ចក្ខន្ធ (Pañcakkhandha) the Five
Aggre-gates; the five groups of
existence;
the
five
causally
conditioned elements of existence
forming a being or entity, viz.,
corporeality, feeling, perception,
mental
forma-tions
and
consciousness.

បច្ឆិមយាម

(Pañcappatiååhitena
vandana) five-point prostration; the

បញ្ចង្រ្គ បតិសា្ថន

method of veneration or obeisance by
prostra-ting oneself or kneeling and
touching the ground with five parts of
the body, viz., the knees, elbows and
forehead.
បញ្ចទ្វារ (Pañcadvàra) the five sensedoors: eye, ear, nose, tongue and
body.
បញ្ចធម៌ (Pañcadhamma) the five ennobling virtues.
បញ្ចវគ្គយ
ិ (Pañcavaggiya) “belonging to
the group of five”; the five Bhikkhus;
the five ascetics; the five mendicants,
namely, Aññàkoäðañña, Vappa,
Bhaddiya, Mahànàma, and Assaji.
បញ្ចសីល (Pañcasìla) the Five Precepts;
the Five Rules of Morality; the Five

consciousness
of
impurity;
perception of loath-someness.
បដិគា្គហកៈ (Paåiggàhaka) a recipient;
one who receives.
បដិឃៈ (Paåigha) repulsion; irritation;
anger; illwill; grudge.
បដិច្ចសមុប្បាទ (Paåiccasamuppàda) the
Dependent Origination; the Law of
Causation; the Chain of Causation;
the Law of Dependent Arising; the
Chain of Phenomenal Cause and
Effect; the Conditional Arising and
Cessation of All Phenomena; (the
twelve links of) conditioned coproduction.
បដិញា្ញតករណ៍ (Paåiññàtakaraäa) doing
according to what is admitted;
proceeding on the acknowledgement
(by the accused monk).
បដិបត្តិ (Paåipatti) the practice.
បដិបទា (Paåipadà) path; way; method;

mode of progress; means of reaching
a goal; practice; line of conduct.

relinking moment; the initial thoughtmoment of life; the initial thought-

26

process.

បដិសន្ធិ វិញា្ញណ

(Paåisandhiviññàäa)

rebirth-consciousness;
conscious-ness.

បដិសម្ភទិ ា

relinking

(Paåisambhidà) (the four)

Discrimination; analytic insight;
Analytical Knowledge; discriminating knowledge.
បដិសម្ភទិ ាមគ្គ (Paåisambhidàmagga) “the
Way of Analysis”; the Way of
Discriminating Knowledge”; name of
the twelfth division of the Khuddaka
Nikàya.

បដិសារណីយកម្ម

(Paåisàraäìyakamma)

formal act of reconciliation.
បដិស្សវៈ (Paåissava) promise; assent.
បដ្ឋាន (Paååhàna) “the Book of Causal
Relations”; name of the seventh book
of the Abhidhamma Piåaka.
បឋមជ្ឈាន (Paåhamajjhàna) the first
Jhàna; the first absorption.
បឋមេទសនា (Paåhamadesanà) the First
Sermon; the First Discourse. េមីល ធម្ម

ordination of a novice; admission to
novicehood; Initiation.
បពា្វ ជនីយកម្ម (Pabbàjanìyakamma) the
act of banishment; exile; the
punishment made to a monk
deserving to be expelled.

បមាទ ,

េសចក្ត្រី បមាទ

(Pamàda)

heedlessness;
carelessness;
negligence; indolence; remissness.

បរចិត្ត វជិ ្ជា េមីល េចេតាបរិយញា្ញ ណ
បរទារកម្ម (Paradàrakamma)

adultery;
unlawful intercourse with others’
wives.
បរនិម្មិតវសវត្តី (Paranimmitavasavattì) the
realm of gods who lord over the
creation of others; name of the sixth
heavenly abode of which Vasavatti is
the king.
បរមត្ថ , បរមត្ថធម៌ (Paramattha) 1. the
highest good; the highest ideal; the
highest gain; the highest benefit; the
final goal; the Absolute Truth; the
Ultimate Reality; Nibbàna. 2. (the
four) Ultimates; Ultimate Realities.
បរមត្ថសច្ច
(Paramatthasacca)
the
absolute truth; ultimate truth.
បរមធាតុ , ្រពះ (Dhàtu) the Buddha’s
relics.
បរេលាក (Paraloka) the other world; the
world beyond; the world to come.
បរវាទី (Paravàdì) the opponent (in
argument or controversy.)
បរិកម្ម (Parikamma) 1. arrangement;
pre-paration; preliminary action. 2.
repetition;
pronouncing
(K.)
incantations; recitation (or to recite)

for the purpose of making sacred.
(Parikkhàra) requisite; (the
eight) requisites of a Buddhist monk:
the three robes, the bowl, a razor, a
needle, the girdle and a waterstrainer; accessory; equipment.
បរិចា្ចគ (Pariccàga) donation; charity;
sacrifice. v. to donate; give; give up.
បរិចា្ចគ (Pariccàga) giving up; sacrifice.
បរិេច្ឆទ (Pariccheda) a chapter;
fascicule.
បរិញា្ញ (Pariññà) accurate or exact
knowledge;
full
understanding;
comprehension.
បរិញា្ញ (Pariññù*, Pàliññù*) one versed
or learned in Pali studies; one who
has passed the examination of any of
the seven higher (3 to 9) grades of
Pali studies; eccl. graduate of Pali
studies; Pali graduate; Pali scholar.
បរិេញ្ញយ្យធម៌ (Pariññeyyadhamma) that
which is to be known accurately; that
which should be understood or
comprehended, i.e. suffering (or all
conditioned things).
បរិត្ត (Paritta) verses of protection or
safeguard; protective chants; holy
stanzas.
បរិេទវៈ (Parideva) lamentation.
បរិនិពា្វន (Parinibbàna) the final or
complete Nibbàna; the complete
extinction of all passions; the final
release from the round of rebirth; the
Great Decease of the Buddha; death
(after the last life-span of an Arhant).
បរិពា្វជក (Paribbàjaka) a wandering

បរិកា្ខរ

28

religious mendicant; wanderer.

បរិេភាគេចតីយ៍ (Paribhogacetiya)

a tree,
shrine, dwelling, bed, etc. used by the
Buddha and consequently remindful
of him and sacred; the monument of
the Buddha’s utility; shrine by use (or
by association).
បរិយត្តិ (Pariyatti) the Scriptures; study
of the Scriptures; the Teachings to be
studied.
បរិវារៈ (Parivàra) “Epitome of the
Vinaya”; “the Accessory”; name of
the last book of the Vinaya Piåaka.
បរិវារ (Parivàra) 1. retinue; suite; pomp;
followers; following. 2. accessories.
បរិវាស (Parivàsa) probation.
បរិេវណវត្ត
(Àvàsapariveäa)
the
compound of a monastery; the Wat
compound.
បរិសញ្ញតា
ុ (Parisaññutà) the quality of
one who knows the assembly;
knowing the assembly; knowledge of
groups of persons.
បរិស័ទ (Parisà) surrounding people; an
assembly; company: association; the
four assemblies of the Buddhist
devouts: the assemblies of monks,
nuns, male and female lay devotees.
បលាសៈ (Palàsa) rivalry; envious
rivalry; domineering.
បលិេពាធ
(Palibodha)
obstruction;
hindran-ce; obstacle; impediment;
drawback.
បល្ល័ង្ក (Pallaæka) a couch; throne;
crossedlegged sitting.

បល្ល័ង្កដម្កល្រ់ ពះពុទ្ធរបូ

(Mahàpaåimà-

patiååhà-na) base (for the principal
Buddha image); pedestal.
បវារណា (Pavàraäà) 1. invitation; giving
occasion or opportunity; allowance.
2. invitation to ask. 3. invitation to
speak; the act of inviting others to
advise one or to speak of one’s
offences or any unbecoming behaviour; the ecclesiastical ceremony at
the end of the rains retreat, in which
monks invite one another to speak of
any offences or unbecoming behaviour they have seen, heard or
suspected to have been committed
during the rains. v. to invite to ask or
to speak.
បសាទៈ
(Pasàda)
confidence;
satisfaction; joy; calm and clarity of
mind; appreciation; faith.
បស្សទ្ធិ
(Passaddhi)
tranquillity;
quietude; calmness; repose; serenity;
relaxa-tion.
បស្សាសៈ
(Passàsa)
out-breathing;
exhala-tion.
បហាតព្វធម៌ (Pahàtabbadhamma) that
which is to be eradicated or
abandoned, i.e. the Cause of
Suffering.
បហានៈ
(Pahàna)
giving
up;
abandoning; removal; eradication;
overcoming.
បហានបធាន (Pahànapadhàna) the effort
to discard evils that have arisen; the
effort to overcome unwholesome
states.
បាច (Abbhukkirati, Siñcati) v. to
sprinkle.

29

(Pàcittiya)
1.
“Minor
Offences”; one of the books of the
Vinaya; 2. an offence entailing
expiation.
បាដិេទសនីយៈ (Pàåidesanìya) an offence
to be confessed.

បាចិត្តិយៈ

បាដិេមាក្ខ ,

បាតិេមាក្ខ

(Pàåmokkha,

Pàtimok-kha)

“the Fundamental
Precepts”; the fundamental rules of
the Order; the 227 disciplinary rules
binding on Bhikkhus; a collection of
the fundamental precepts of the
Order recited every fortnight;
fortnightly
recitation
of
the
fundamental precepts; Disciplinary
Code.

Buddhahood (or by those who are
determined to become Paccekabuddhas or Arahant disciples of a
Buddha).
បារាជិក (Pàràjika) 1. “Major Offences”;
the first of the two divisions of the
Suttavibhaæga of the Vinaya. 2. a
grave offence involving expulsion
from monkhood; Defeat. 3. one who
has committed the grave offence of
expulsion; defeated one.
បារិសុទ្ធិសីល (Pàrisuddhisìla) the four
kinds of Higher Sìla; the fourfold
moral
purity;
morality
for
purification; morality consisting in
purity.
បាលី (Pàli) 1. Pàli language; the
language adopted by the Theravàdins
as the language in which to preserve
the memorized teachings of the
Buddha. 2. Tipiåaka; the text of the
Pali Canon; the Buddha’s teachings
as contained in the Tipiåaka.
បាវចនៈ (Pàvacana) the fundamental
text; the Scriptures; the Dhamma and
the Vinaya; the Doctrine and the
Discipline.
បិដក (Piåaka) a basket; any of the three
main divisions of the Pàli Canon. េមីល

“Description
of
Individuals”;
“Designation of Individuals”; name
of the fourth book of the
Abhidhamma Piåaka.

បុគ្គលាធិដ្ឋាន

(Puggalàdhiååhàna)

exposition in terms of persons;
teaching with reference to persons;
teaching by means of personification.
cf. Dham-màdhiååhàna.

បុចា្ឆ វិស្សជ្ជនា

(Pucchàvissajjanà)

catechism; question and answer.

food received in
the alms-bowl (of a Bhikkhu); almsgathering; almsfood. v. to go for alms;
go for collecting alms; go for almsgathering; go on an almsround;
receive food-offerings.
បិតមាស (Suvaääàlepa) v. to gild; cover

housewarming ceremony.
(Puthujjana) a worldling;
worldly person; ordinary man.
បុព្វកតបុញ្ញតា (Pubbekatapuññatà) the
state of having done meritorious
actions in the past; to have done good
deeds in the past; having prepared
oneself with good background.
បុព្វកម្ម (Pubbakamma) a former deed; a
deed done in a former existence.
បុព្វករណ៍ (Pubbakaraäa) preliminary
works.
បុព្វកា រី (Pubbakàrì) one who does a
favour before; a previous benefactor.
បុព្វកិច្ច
(Pubbakicca)
preliminary
function; preliminary duties.
បុព្វនមិ ិត្ត (Pubbanimitta) a foregoing
sign; prognostic; portent.
បុព្វេបតពលី (Pubbapetabali) offerings
dedi-cated to the deceased.

បុថុជ្ជន

បុេព្វនិវាសានុស្សតិញាណ
31

(Pubbenivàsànussati-ñàäa)
Reminiscence of Past or Previous
Births; the recollection of former
lives; supernormal know-ledge which
enables one to remember the various
past courses of one’s own existences.
បុេព្វសន្និវាស (Pubbesannivàsa) living
toge-ther in the past; previous
association; cohabitation in a
previous life.
បុ រិមិកាវស្សា (Purimikà) the earlier period
for keeping the rains.
បូជនីយបុគ្គល
(Pùjanìyapuggala)
a
venerable person; person worthy of
honour; one entitled to homage.
បូជនីយវត្ថុ (Pùjanìyavatthu*) an object
of worship.

បួស , ការ (Pabbajjà, upasampadà)
giving up the world; adopting the
ascetic life; ordination. v. to go forth;
give up or renounce the world;
become an ascetic, a Bhikkhu or a
novice; be ordained; join or enter the
Order.
េបតវត្ថុ (Petavatthu) “Stories of the
Departed”; name of the tenth division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.

physical
organic order; biological laws.
ពុទ្ធ (Buddha) the Buddha; a Buddha;
enlightened one.
ពុទ្ធកាល (Buddhakàla) the time of the
Buddha (or a Buddha); the advent of
the Buddha.
ពុទក្ធ ិច្ច (Buddhakicca) the Buddha’s
daily routine; duty of the Buddha.
ពុទគ្ធ ុណ (Buddhaguäa) the quality
(virtue or character) of the Buddha.
ពុទច្ធ ្រក (Buddhacakka) the Buddhist
monastic order.
ពុទច្ធ រិយា (Buddhacariyà) the Buddha’s
conduct; the Buddha’s course of
conduct; the Buddha’s career or style
of life; the Buddha’s life activities;
the way of the Buddha.
ពុទន្ធ ្តរ (Buddhantara) a Buddhainterval; the period between the
appearance of one Buddha and the
next.

ពុទប្ធ ដិមា េមីល ្រពះពុទ្ធបដិមា
ពុទប្ធ រិស័ទ (Buddhaparisà)

the Buddhist
assembly; the four assemblies of
Buddhists; Buddhists (collectively).
ពុទបា
្ធ ទ (Buddhapàda) the Buddha’s
footprint.
ពុទ្រ្ធ បវត្តិ (Buddhapavatti*) the life of
the Buddha; life-story of the Buddha.
ពុទ្ធភាសិត (Buddhabhàsita) what was
said by the Buddha; the Buddha’s
sayings.

(Buddhamàmaka)
one
devoted to the Buddha; one who
professes Buddhism; Buddhist.

ពុទ្ធមាមកៈ

ពុទរ្ធ បូ េមីល ្រពះពុទរ្ធ បូ
ពុទវ្ធ ចនៈ (Buddhavacana)

the word of
the Buddha; (K.) any sayings or
teachings of the Buddha.
ពុទវ្ធ ំស (Buddhavaçsa) “the History of
the Buddhas”; name of the fourteenth
division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.
ពុទ្ធសករាជ (Buddhasaka*) the Buddhist
Era (B.E.).

ពុទសា
្ធ សនា េមីល ្រពះពុទសា
្ធ សនា
ពុទសា
្ធ សនិក
(Buddhamàmaka)

a

Buddhist; adherent of Buddhism.
recollection
of the Buddha; reflection on the
virtue of the Buddha.
ពុទ្ធាវាស (Buddhàvàsa*) ‘residence of
the Buddha’; the sanctuary or public
precincts of a monastery.
ពុទច្ធិ រិត (Buddhicarita) the intellectual;
the wise; one whose behaviour or
character is wisdom; an intelligentnatured person.
េពាជ្ឈង្គ (Bojjhaæga) (the seven) Constituents (or Factors) of Enlightenment;
enlightenment factors.
េពាធិ៍ ( េដីម ) (Bodhirukkha) the “Bo”
tree; the Bodhi Tree; pipal tree; the
Ficus Religiosia.
េពាធិញាណ (Bodhiñàäa) Enlightenment;
supreme knowledge.

more or less permanently for
worship; Buddha image (to be) set
(on an altar) for worship; altar
Buddha-image.

the Brahma
world; the Fine-Material and Immaterial Worlds.
្រពហ្ម វិហារ (Brahmavihàra) (the four)
Divine States (of mind); the four
noble sentiments; the Highest
Conduct; the sublime states of mind.
្រពាហ្មណ៍ (Bràhmaäa) a Brahmin; man
of the Brahmin caste; a priest.
្រពះ្រកាប (Abhivàdanacela*) cloth for
placing the forehead on when bowing
down; prostrating cloth.
្រពះ្រគូ (Garuååhàniyabhikkhu*) the title
of a monastic dignitary lower than
Chao Khun; Phra Khru; Venerable
Teacher.
្រពះដ៏មាន្រពះភាគ (Bhagavà) the Blessed
One; the Exalted One.
្រពះធម៌ (Dhamma) Dhamma; Dharma;
the Doctrine; the Teachings; the Law;
the Norm.
្រពះបរមសាសា្ត (Satthu) the Master; the
Teacher; the Great Master; the
Buddha.
្រពះពុទ្ធ (Buddha) the Buddha; Lord
Buddha; the Enlightened One; the
Awakened One.
្រពះពុទប្ធ ដិមា (Buddhapaåimà) a Buddha
image.

depreciation of
another’s worth; detraction.
មគ្គ (Magga) the Path; the Way; the
Noble Path; the Noble Eightfold
Path; the Path leading to the
Cessation of Suffering.
មគ្គនាយក (Magganàyaka*) lay leader of
a congregation (or, of a Wat lay
community).
មង្គល (Maægala) festivity; good omen;
auspice; auspicious ceremony; (the
thirty-eight) blessings. adj. auspicious.
មច្ចុ (Maccu) death.
មច្ចុរាជ (Maccuràja) the king of death;
the Death.
មច្ឆ រិយៈ (Macchariya) meanness; avariciousness; stinginess; possessiveness.
មជ្ជ (Majja) an intoxicant.
មជ្ឈិម (Majjhima) middler; a monk
who has been ordained between 5
and just under 10 years.

មជ្ឈិមនិកាយ

(Majjhimanikàya)

“Collection
of
Middle-length
Discourses”; “Further Dialogues of
the Buddha”; name of the second of
the five main divisions of the Sutta
Piåaka.

action; good conduct in thought.
(Manta) a charm; spell;
incantation; sacred or magical
formula or invocation; verbal
formulas used as incantations in the
magic of sound. េមីល សូ្រតមន្ត

(the thirty-two) marks of the Great
Man.

មន្ត

ម្រន្តីសង្ឃ

(Saæghamanti-gaäa,

~-

samajjà*)

Council of Saægha
Ministers; Eccl. Cabinet.
មមង្ការ (Mamaækàra) lit. the making of
the
utterance
‘my’;
selfish
attachment; the notion of ‘my’; ‘my’making. េ្របៀបេធៀប អហង្ការ
មរណៈ (Maraäa) death.
មរណភាព (Maraäabhàva*) death (of a
monk or novice).
មរណសតិ (Maraäasati) mindfulness of
death; meditation on death.
មលៈ (Mala) dirt; impurity; stain;
refuse; dust.
មហា (Mahà*) the title of a អ្នកធំ
មហាជាតិ (Mahàjàtaka) the Great Birth
Story; story of the Buddha when he
was born as Prince Vessantara. េមីល

េទសនាមហាជាតិ
មហាេថរសមាគម (Mahàtherasamàgama*)
Mahathera

Council;

Council

of

38

មហាភិេន្រស្កមណ៍

(Mahàbhinikkhamana)

the Great Renunciation; the going
forth of the Bodhisatta into the
homeless life.
មហាភូតរូប (Mahàbhùtarùpa) (the four)
primary elements; great essentials;
material qualities of matter.
មហាយាន (Mahàyàna) “the Great
Vehicle”; the school of the Great
Vehicle (of salvation); the Northern
School of Buddhism.
មាឃបូជា (Màghapùjà) Worship on the
Full-Moon Day of the third lunar
month in commemoration of the
Great Assembly of Disciples.
មាតាបិតុឧបដ្ឋាន (Màtàpituupaååhàna) the
support of mother and father;
ministering to parents; looking after
parents.
មាតិកា (Màtikà) 1. matrix; schedule;
list; heading. 2. (K.) funeral chanting
(of Abhidhamma matrices or
schedules).
មាតុគាម (Màtugàma) a woman;
women-folk; women (collectively).
មាតុឃាត (Màtughàta) matricide.

basic
meditation subject (comprising the
five exposed parts of the body, viz.,
head hair, body hair, nails, teeth and
skin).
មូលបញ្ញត្តិ (Paññatti, Mùlapaññatti) rootregulation; main rule; principal or
primary rule.
េមគណ (Gaäàdhipati*) 1. chief monk of
an administrative division; eccl. chief
officer; eccl. governor. The term
Ecclesiastical, or its abbreviation Eccl.
can be prefixed to the title of a
government administrative officer at

39

different levels to designate its
equivalent in the Ecclesiastical
Order, e.g. Eccl. District Officer, for
អនុគណ 2. chief monk of a
monastery- section.

យ
យក្ស (Yakkha) 1. a demon. 2. an
attendant of Kuvera or Vessavaäa. 3.
a messenger of Yama. 4. a fallen
angel; deity. 5. Sakka. 6. any of the
Four Great Kings. 7. the individual
soul.
យញ្ញ (Yañña) 1. (in Hinduism)
sacrifice; offerings. 2. (in Buddhism)
alms-giving; charity.
យថាភូតញាណទស្សនៈ
(Yathàbhùtañàäadassana)
absolute
knowledge; the knowledge and vision
according to reality; knowing and
seeing things as they are.
យមកៈ (Yamaka) “The Book of Pairs”;
name of the sixth book of the
Abhidhamma Piåaka.
យមកបាដិហារ្យ (Yamakapàåihàriya) the
Twin Wonder; the Twin Miracle; the
miracle of the double appearances,
consisting in the appearance of
phenomena of opposite character in
pairs, as streaming forth of fire and
water at the same time.
យមរាជ (Yama) the Lord of the Underworld; ruler of the kingdom of the
dead; death.
យស (Yasa) glory; fame; repute;
success; honour; high position.
យាមា (Yàmà) the realm of the Yàma
gods; name of the third heavenly

40

abode, of which Suyàma is the king.
decision
according to the majority.
េយាគៈ (Yoga) 1. effort; endeavour;
application; undertaking. 2. bond; tie;
attachment.
េយាគាវចរ (Yogàvacara) one who
practises spiritual exercise; meditator.
េយាគី (Yogì) one who devotes himself
to spiritual things; an earnest student;
one devoted to mental training;
meditator.
េយាជន៍ (Yojana) a measure of length; a
distance of about 10 miles, or 16
kilometres.
េយានិ (Yoni) 1. origin; way of birth;
place of birth; realm of existence;
source; (the four) Modes of Births. 2.
thoroughness; knowledge; insight.

1. taste; sapid object;
flavour. 2. function.
រាគៈ (Ràga) lust; passion; excitement;
greed; attachment.
រាគចរិត (Ràgacarita) the lustful; one
whose habit is passion; one of
passionate behaviour; the lustfulnatured; one of lustful temperament.
រាជពលី (Ràjabali) offering to the king
or the government, as by paying
taxes.
រាជពិធី (Ràjavidhi*, Ràjapùjàvidhi*) a
royal ceremony.

(Ràjàgaäayati,

រាជាគណៈ

Cùøasaægharàjà*)

(a
dignitary
belonging to) the Royal Chapter (of
monks); Chao Khun.

រាន្រពះភូមិ

(Bhummadevaååhàna*)

(guardian-) spirit house.

រាយមាយ ,

េសចក្តី

(uddhacca)

41

restlessness; distraction; flurry.
1. matter; form; material;
body; shape; corporeality. 2. object of
the eye; visible object.
រូបជ្ឈាន
(Rùpajhàna)
Jhànas
(Absorptions) of the Fine-Material
Sphere.
រូបរាគៈ (Rùparàga) desire for life in the
world of form; craving for form;
attachment to realms of form; greed
for fine-material existence.
រូបេលាក (Rùpaloka) the world of form;
the Form Sphere.
រូបារម្មណ៍ (Rùpàrammaäa) visible object.
រូបាវចរភូមិ (Rùpàvacarabhùmi) the Plane
of Form; the Form Plane; FineMaterial Sphere.

dependence on public opinion;
following the influence of the world;
supremacy of the world; dominant
influence by (the censure of) the
world.

42

េលាកបាល េមីល ចាតុម្មហារាជ
េលាកមា្ច ស់ (Bhikkhu, Pabbajita)

title
used when speaking of a Buddhist
monk; venerable. 2. a Bhikkhu;
Buddhist monk; monk; (in other
religions)
a
priest;
minister;
clergyman; etc.
េលាកវជ្ជ (Lokavajja) worldly fault;
breach of the ordinary moral law;
action reprehended in the world; that
which is blamable by the world.
1.

េ្របៀបេធៀប បញ្ញត្តិវជ្ជ

(Lokiya) adj. mundane;
worldly; belonging to the world.
េលាកុត្តរ (Lokuttara) adj. supramundane;
transcendental; beyond these worlds.
េលាកុត្តរធម៌ (Lokuttaradhamma) (the
nine) supramundane states: the Four
Paths, the Four Fruits and Nibbàna.
េលាកុត្តរភូមិ (Lokuttarabhùmi) the Supramundane Plane (of consciousness).
េលាភៈ (Lobha) greed; covetousness;
acquisitiveness.
េលាហិតុប្បាទ (Lohituppàda) wounding of
a Buddha; causing a Buddha to suffer
a contusion or to bleed.
លះ (ចីវរ ជាេដីម ) (Paccuddharaäa) to
give up the use (of an old robe);
remove; revoke.

“the Book of
Divisions”; “the Book of Treatises”;
name of the second book of the
Abhidhamma Piåaka.
វិភវតណ្ហ ា (Vibhavataähà) craving for
selfannihilation; craving for (or
attachment to) sensual pleasures
connected with the view of nihilism;
craving for non-existence.
វិមាន (Vimàna) a celestial mansion;
fairy-palace.
វិមានវត្ថុ (Vimànavatthu) “Stories of
Celestial Mansions”; “Stories of the
Mansions”; name of the ninth
division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.
វិមុត្តិ
(Vimutti)
deliverance;
emancipation; release; salvation;
liberation; freedom.
វិមុត្តិសុខ (Vimuttisukha) Bliss of Emancipation; bliss of freedom.

answer;
explanation; exposition; elucidation.
វិស័យ (Visaya) 1. range; reach; scope;
sphere; realm; power; capacity. 2.
sense-object.
វិសាខបូជា (Visàkhapùjà) Worship on the
Full-Moon Day of the sixth lunar
month in commemoration of the
Buddha’s Birth, Enlightenment and
Passing; the Buddhist New Year; the
Festival of the May Full Moon;
widely known as Wesak or Vesak, but
preferably,Vesakh or Wesakh.
វិសុទ្ធិ (Visuddhi) purity; purification;
stage of purity.
វិសុំគាមសីមា (Visuçgàmasìmà) a land
grant (set apart for the Saægha of a
monastery); consecrated boundaries;
consecrated area; concession; a tract
of land (now, usually a small
rectangular plot of ground) officially
granted to the Saægha for establishing the boundaries of the jurisdiction
of a community of monks (now, for
consecrating as the site of the
Uposatha hall of a monastery).
វិហារ (Vihàra) 1. a dwelling-place (for
monks); retreat; monastery; abode. 2.
a state of mind; mode of life. 3. (K.) a
temple; repository of Buddha images;

vigour;
endeavour;
exertion;
perseverance.
េវទនា (Vedanà) feeling; sensation.
េវទនានុបស្សនា (Vedanànupassanà) the
contemplation of feelings; the
contemplation of sensations; mindfulness as regards feelings.
េវេនយ្យ (Veneyya) one who is
accessible to instruction; one who is
ready to receive the Teaching (of the
Buddha); a tractable person; trainable

្រពះ (Sakadàgàmì) the
Once-Returner; one who has attained
the second stage of the Path and will
be reborn on the earth only once
before
attaining
the
final
emancipation.

សកទាគាមី ,

សកលមហាសង្ឃបរិណាយកៈ (Sakalamahàsaæ

gha pariäàyaka) top leader of the
entire Great Sangha; head of the
national Sangha; the secondary title

46

attached to the title of សេម្តច្រពះសង្ឃរាជ
(Saægharàja), i.e. the Supreme
Patriarch, or chief of the Buddhist
Order of Thailand.
សកវាទី (Sakavàdì) the affirmative;
proposer.
សកា្ក យទិដ្ឋិ (Sakkàyadiååhi) self-illusion;
the delusion of self; belief in a
personal self; theory of soul; egoistic
view.
សកា្ក រៈ (Sakkàra) honour; worship;
hospitality.

សគ្គ េមីល សួគ៌

ស្រង្កាន (Mahàsaækanti) (K.) the festival
celebrated on the day of the passage
of the Sun to Aries, the first sign of
the Zodiac; Songkran Festival; waterthrowing festival; the traditional
Khmer New Year.
សង្ខតធម៌ (Saækhatadhamma) things
condi-tioned by causes; things
produced by combination of causes;
conditioned or compounded things.
សង្ខារ (Saækhàra) 1. compounded
things;
component
things;
conditioned things; the world of
phenomena; all things which have
been made up by pre-existing causes,
(as in Sabbe Saækhàrà aniccà). 2.
volitional
activities;
formation;
kamma
forma-tions;
mental
formations; mental predispositions;
volitional impulses; impulses and
emotions; volition; all the mental
factors except feeling and perception
having volition as the constant factor,
(as in the Five Aggregates and in the
Law of Causation). 3. essential
conditions; the sum of the conditions
or essential properties for a given
process or result; constructing or
formative
factors,
(as
in
Àyusaækhàra, Kàyasaæ khàra). 4.
conducive factors; instiga-tion (as in
Sasaækhàrika, Asaækhàrika).

សង្គណី េមីល ធម្មសង្គណី
សង្គហវត្ថុ (Saægahavatthu)

objects of
sym-pathy; objects of favour;
principles of kindly treatment;
principles of service and social
integration.

47

សង្គាយនា , សង្គីតិ (Saægìti)

rehearsal; a
Council; general convocation of the
Sangha in order to settle questions of
doctrine and to fix the text of the
Scriptures.
សង្គីតិកថា (Saægìtikathà*) preaching or
chanting on the account of the First
Council of Buddhism.
សេ្រង្គាះ (Saægaha) 1. to treat kindly;
give help; favour; aid. 2. to compile;
collect; comprise; include; group.
សង្ឃ
(Saægha)
community;
assemblage; a chapter of (not less
than four) Buddhist monks; the
Sangha; the Order; the Buddhist
clergy; the Buddhist church; Holy
Brotherhood.
សង្ឃកម្ម (Saæghakamma) an act or
ceremony performed by a chapter of
Buddhist monks assembled in solemn
conclave; a formal act.
សង្ឃគុណ (Saæghaguäa) (the nine)
virtues of the Saægha.

សង្ឃដីកា

ឬ

ឆាយា

(Suddhipaååa*)

identity card; identification papers.
សង្ឃទាន (Saæghadàna) offering to the
Order; gift to the Sangha; offering
dedicated to the Sangha; gift
dedicated to the Community as a
whole.
សង្ឃនាយក (Saæghanàyaka*) Eccl.
Prime Minister.
សង្ឃេភទ
(Saæghabheda)
schism;
causing dissension among the Order;
the creation of a schism in the
Saægha.

attentiveness;
detached watching; awareness.
សតិប្បដ្ឋាន (Satipaååhàna) (the four)
Foundations of Mindfulness; setting
up of mindfulness.
សតិ វិន័យ (Sativinaya) verdict of innocence; procedure for the acquittal of
an Arahant who has fully-developed
mindfulness.
សេតកិចា្ឆ (Satekicchà) adj. curable;
amendable; remediable. n. monastic
offences which can be corrected
through some kinds of punishment,
i.e. all offences except the four grave
ones called Pàràjika. េ្របៀបេធៀប អេតកិចា្ឆ
សតា្ត វាស (Sattàvàsa) (the nine) spheres
inhabited by beings; abodes of
beings.

សតា្ត ហករណីយៈ

(Sattàhakaraäìya)

business to be attended to within
seven days; grounds or occasions on
which monks are permitted to leave
the rains-residence for the limited
time of seven days.
សត្វ (Satta) a being; living being;
creature; person.
សថូប (Thùpa) a relic mound; reliquary
mound; tope; cairn; monument
erected over the ashes of a holy
person; stupa.

សទារសេន្តាស

(Sadàrasantosa)

contentment with one’s own wife.
សទ្ទារម្មណ៍ (Saddàrammaäa) audible

object; sound.

favourable condition.

សទ្ធម្ម (Saddhamma) the true Dhamma;
true doctrine; doctrine of the good;
good law; good principle.

who has been
well enlightened or has thoroughly
understood; a Buddha; the Buddha.

សេមា្ព ធ េមីល ឆ្លង
សម្ភេវសី (Sambhavesì)

lit.

seeking birth

or existence. 1. a living being at the
first stage of life or during the birthprocess; a being yet to be born. 2. a
being subject to rebirth; worldling. 3.
(K.) a spirit seeking (or awaiting)
rebirth. េ្របៀបេធៀប ភូត
សម្មតិ (Sammati; Sammuti) convention;
agreement; consent; authorization;
appointment; election.

សម្មតិសង្ឃ

(Sammatisaægha;

Sammutisaægha)
Saægha
by
convention; conventional Saægha;
community of ordained monks.

Thought; Right Mental Attitude;
Right Motives; Right Aspiration.
សមា្ម សតិ
(Sammàsati)
Right
Mindfulness; Right Attentiveness.

51

សមា្ម សមាធិ

(Sammàsamàdhi)

Right

Concentration.

(Sammàsambuddha) the
Fully (or Perfectly) Enlightened One.
សមា្ម អាជីវៈ
(Sammààjìva)
Right
Livelihood; Right Living; Right
Means of Livelihood; Right Pursuits.
សម្មុខាវិន័យ (Sammukhàvinaya) verdict
in the presence of (a Sangha, the
persons and the matter concerned,
and the Doctrine and Discipline).

the
Common Characteristics (of component things), viz., impermanence,
state of conflict and not-self.
សាមេណរ (Sàmaäera) a novice; one who
is ordained by taking the Three
Refuges and observes the Ten
Precepts.
សាមេណរី (Sàmaäerì) a female novice;
female apprentice of a nun.
សាមីចកិ ម្ម (Sàmìcikamma) proper act of
respect; opportune gestures of
respect.
សាយ (Saækharoti; Abhisaækharoti) to
think under the influence of some
passion or motive; proliferate.
សារម្ភ (Sàrambha) contention; vying;
presumption.
សារាណីយធម៌ (Sàràäìyadhamma) states
of conciliation; virtues for fraternal

adher-ence to mere rules and rituals;
clinging to rules and vows;
overestimation regarding the efficacy
of rules and observances.
សីលព្វតុបាទាន (Sìlabbatupàdàna) clinging
to mere rules and rituals; adherence
to rites and ceremonies; attachment
to the belief in the efficacy of
religious ceremonies and rituals.
សីលមយៈ (Sìlamaya) (merit) to be
gained through, or connected with,
morality.
សីល វិសុទ្ធិ (Sìlavisuddhi) purity of
morality; purification of morality.
សីលសម្បទា (Sìlasampadà) achievement

53

of virtue;
conduct.

fulfilment

of

moral

សីលសាមញ្ញតា (Sìlasàmaññatà)

equality
in moral conduct; unity in moral or
disciplinary practices.

សីលសិកា្ខ េមីល អធិសីលសិកា្ខ
សីលាចារវត្ត
(Sìlàcàravatta*)

moral
conduct, manners and duties; moral
habits, mien and deportment; the way
of behaving and observing one’s
duties.
សីលានុស្សតិ (Silànussati) recollection of
morality; reflection on the advantages of morality or on one’s own
morals.
សីហេសយ្យា (Sìhaseyyà) lying like a lion;
lying on the right side.
សឹក (Uppabbajati, Vibbhamati) v. to
leave the Order; leave monkhood;
disrobe. េមីល លាចាកសិកា្ខបទ
សឹង (Seyyaç kappeti) v. (of a monk or
novice) to sleep.
សុក្ខ វិបស្សកៈ (Sukkhavipassaka) a dryvisioned
Arahant;
bare-insight
worker.
សុខ (Sukha) 1. happiness; ease; joy;
comfort; pleasure. 2. physical or
bodily happiness or ease.
សុគត (Sugata) the Happy One; the
Well-Farer; the Buddha.
សុគតិ (Sugati) (the two or twentyseven) Happy States; blissful states
of existence; good bourn.
សុច រិត (Sucarita) right conduct; good
conduct; uprightness.

សុតៈ (Suta)

that which is heard or
learnt; hearing; learning.

(Sutamayapaññà)

សុតមយបញា្ញ

understand-ing acquired by learning;
wisdom resulting from study.
សុត្តនិបាត (Suttanipàta) “Collected
Discou-rses”; “Woven Cadences of
Early Buddhists”; name of the fifth
division of the Khuddaka Nikàya.
សុត្តន្តបដិ ក (Suttantapiåaka) “The Basket
of Discourses”; The Basket of
Sermons”; the second main division of
the Pali Canon containing discourses.

សុទ្ទ េមីល សូ្រទ
សុទ្ធាវាស (Suddhàvàsa)

(the Five) Pure
Abodes (in the Form Sphere) where
the Non-Returners are reborn.
សុភាសិត (Subhàsita) pleasant speech;
well-spoken words; a proverb.

recitation; chanting (especially of
protective verses); rehearsal. v. to
recite (the Buddha’s teachings);
chant; chant the holy stanzas.
សូ្រទ (Sudda) a person of the lowest
caste; the workers; those who
contribute the necessary physical
labour; a Sudra; servant; menial;
workpeople.
សួគ៌ (Sagga) a place of happiness;
heaven; heavenly abode.
េសក្ខ , ្រពះ (Sekha; Sekkha) the
learner, i.e. one who is in the course
of perfection; one who has reached
one of the stages of holiness, except
the last, and has yet to undergo a
higher training.

Collection of Connected Discourses;
Book of the Kindred Sayings; name
of the third main division of the Sutta
Piåaka.
សំេយាជនៈ (Saçyojana) (the ten) Fetters
(that bind man to the round of
rebirth).
សំវរៈ (Saçvara) 1. to be composed;
self-controlled; restrained; decorous;
sedate. 2. commingled; mixed (food).
សំវរៈ (Saçvara) restraint.
សំវរបធាន (Saçvarapadhàna) the effort
to prevent the arising of unrisen evils;
the effort to avoid unwholesome
states.
សំវាស (Saçvàsa) communion.
សំេវគ (Saçvega) sense of urgency.
សំេវជនីយសា្ថ ន (Saçvejanìyaååhàna) a
place apt to rouse the sense of
urgency; (the Four) Holy Places of
Buddhism.

សំសារ (Saçsàra, Saçsàracakka)

lit.

faring on; the Round of Rebirth; the
Round of Existence; the Wheel of
Rebirth; the Wheel of Life; the Life
Process; Rebirth process; the Process
of Birth and Death.

the undergarment of a Buddhist
monk, nun or novice; the under robe.
្រសង់ទឹក (Nhàyati) v. (of a monk or
novice) to bathe.
េ្រសាមបា្រត (Pattathavikà) the bag with a
sling, used for carrying an alms-bowl

settling of a case, a question, a
dispute or a lawsuit; transaction;
settlement of legal processes.
អធិកវារៈ (Adhikavàra) intercalary lunar
day; (a year with) an extra day (15th
of the seventh waning moon).

the Path
of Never-Returning; the Path of the
Non-Returner.
អនាគាមី , ្រពះ (Anàgàmì) a NeverReturner; Non-Returner; one who has
attained the third stage of holiness.
អនាគារិក (Anàgàrika) lit. a homeless
one; one who enters the homeless life
without formally entering the
Saægha.

the theory of causelessness; the
theory that there is no cause of a
phenomenon; doctrine of noncausality.
អេហាសិកម្ម (Ahosikamma) defunct
kamma; an act or thought which has
no longer any potential force.

discipline as regards purity of
livelihood; Purity of Conduct
connected with Livelihood.
អាជ្ជវៈ (À jjava) honesty; integrity.
អាត្មន័ (Attà; Sanskrit: Àtman) the self;
soul.
អាទិកម្មិកៈ (Àdikammika) 1. name of the
first main division of the Vinaya
Piåaka. 2. the beginner; the first
transgressor; the first doer.

អាទិ្រពហ្មច រិយៈ

(Àdibrahmacariya)

rudiments of the training in the Holy
Life; fundamentals of the Sublime
Life; fundamental or major precepts.
អាទីនវៈ (Àdìnava) disadvantage; peril;
defect; danger.

dais or raised platform for monks.
អាសន្នកកម្ម (Àsannakamma) deathproximate kamma; a kamma done
immediately before death; proximate
kamma.
អាសវៈ (Àsàva) mental intoxication or
defilement;
worldly
influxes;
accumulation; outflows; corruption;
canker; taint; pollution.
អាសវក្ខយញា្ញ ណ (Àsavakkhayañàäa) the
knowledge of the cessation of mental
intoxication; knowledge of the
destruction of cankers; knowledge
that the outflows are extinct.
អាសាឡ្ហបូជា (Àsàøhapùjà) worship on the
full-moon day of the Àsàøha month
(the eighth lunar month) in
commemoration of the First Sermon
and the foundation of the Buddhist
order.

priest;

monk.

អ្នកបួស២ (Yati, Vatavantu)

one who
takes up a religious practice or
observes a religious vow; ascetic;
recluse; hermit.
អ្នក្របកបេដាយធម៌ (Dhammika*) one
learned in the Doctrine; Doctrineknower; one who has passed the
examination of any of the three
grades of Dhamma-study; eccl.
graduate of Dhamma studies;
Dhamma graduate; Dhamma scholar.
អ្នកសូ្រត (Dhammagàyaka*) a chanter.

(Upasampadà) full (or
higher) ordination; taking up the
Bhikkhu-ship; Full Admission to the
Saægha; Ordination Ceremony. v. to
be ordained; enter the monkhood;
join the Order.
ឧបសម្បន្ន (Upasampanna) the ordained;
a Bhikkhu or Bhikkhunì.
ឧបាទាន
(Upàdàna)
attachment;
clinging; grasping.