human urinary system

...volume of ultrafiltrate (
i.e., a liquid from which the blood cells and the blood proteins have been filtered out) is produced by the glomerulus into the capsule. As this liquid traverses the
proximal convoluted tubule, most of its water and salts are reabsorbed, some of the solutes completely and others partially;
i.e., there is a separation of substances that must be retained...

As the filtrate passes along the proximal tubule, most of its water and salts are reabsorbed into the blood of the network of capillaries around the tubules. Of other substances, some are reabsorbed completely, others in part, because this portion of the nephron separates substances that must be retained in the body from those destined for excretion in the urine. The function of the proximal...

kidney

...about one-fifth of a millimetre (0.008 inch) in diameter, known as Bowman’s capsule, into which projects a tuft of capillary blood vessels, the glomerulus. Bowman’s capsule is continuous with the
proximal convoluted tubule, which also lies in the cortex. Following the
proximal convoluted tubule is the loop of Henle, which descends into the medulla and then runs straight up again to the cortex...

The tubules of the nephrons are 30–55 millimetres (1.2–2.2 inches) long. The corpuscle and the initial portion of each tubule, called the
proximal convoluted tubule, lie in the renal cortex. The tubule descends into a renal pyramid, makes a U-shaped turn, and returns to the cortex at a point near its point of entry into the medulla. This section of the tubule, consisting of the two...

kidney pharmacology

...The glomeruli are contained within the nephrons, the so-called functional units of the kidneys. The nephrons can be divided into distinct regions in which the absorptive processes are different: the proximal tubule, leading directly from the glomerulus; the loop of Henle; the distal tubule, leading away from the loop; and the collecting duct. These processes underlie the kidneys’ ability to form...

loop of Henle

The liquid entering the loop is the solution of salt, urea, and other substances passed along by the
proximal convoluted tubule, from which most of the dissolved components needed by the body—particularly glucose, amino acids, and sodium bicarbonate—have been reabsorbed into the blood. The first segment of the loop, the descending limb, is permeable to water, and the liquid reaching...