Virology Asia 2017

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ConferenceSeries Ltd is organizing International Conference on Virology and Mycology during May 11-12, 2017, in Singapore. The theme of the conference is “: NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN VIROLOGY AND MYCOLOGY.”. This congress is expecting audience such as experts from Microbiology, Mycologist,Virologist, Agriculture Microbioliogist, Scientists , Applied microbiology, Doctors and Experts from academics as well as industrialists.

In the forecast period Asia-Pacific regions of the world are considered as the most promising markets. In Asia Pacific virology market is anticipated to grow at a relatively faster rate throughout the forecast period, remaining the presence of high unmet demand in India and China,. 50% share is held by the hospitals and laboratory segments in the global virology market and it is forecasted to continue through 2025.

Viruses are small foreign particles which causes replication only inside the living cells of other organisms. Virus affects all types of living organisms, including animals,plants & microorganisms, and lastly to bacterias. They acts as a media for transferring genes between different species.Viruses are classified into diferent types.

Generally virology deals with the study of infectious agents such as Virulence,Viruses, Viral Taxonomy, Viral Cultures and Viral Genetics. It is a significant part of both microbiology and pathology. Virology is a part of applied sciences.

Viral evolution is the sub part of virology which is concerned in the evolution of viruses. It is an important aspect of sanitation of viral diseases. They are the largest reservoirs of unexplored genetic diversity on earth.

Viral Pathogenesis is the method of causing disease in their target hosts by biological viruses. Replication,dispersal and shedding are the mechanisms of action in viral pathogenesis.

Virulence is the ability of producing a disease by an infectious agent. It is a measurement of severity of a disease in an organism. Virulence factors are the molecules which gives contribution to the pathogenicity of the organism by colonization,immunosuppression,immunoevasion by pathogens.

Viral Latency is the ability of the pathogenic virus to remain latent within the cell by the following mechanism of action such as: episomal latency,proviral latency and maintaining latency.

On a molecular level the study of viruses are known as molecular virology. Viruses have large biological diversity as it successfully infect and parasitize plants animals and microorganisms.

Genomic virology deals with the genomes of virus which contains all genes required for the replication of viruses like all other genomes. The genes encoded here are either single stranded or double stranded on either DNA or RNA polymers.

Vaccines are the biological preparations which provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine can be prophylactic that is preventive healthcare or therapeutic that is pharmaceutical drug.There are some types of vaccine which are being followed till now such as live whole virus vaccines,killed whole virus vaccines,purified or recombinant viral antigen,recombinant virus vaccines,DNA vaccines,anti-idiotype antibodies. Antiviral Drugs are the class of medications used for the treatment in viral infections specifically. Acyclovir,cidofovir,delaviridine,entecavir,famciclovir,ribavirin and zidovudine are some antiviral drugs. Antiretroviral drugs are the class of drugs used in an attempt for the treatment of HIV infections. Monoclonal antibodies are the monospecific antibodies which are composed of identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.

Viro therapy or viral therapy is a treatment to convert tissues into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses using biotechnology technique to treat diseases. Main branches of viro therapy are as follows: anticancer oncolytic viruses,viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy. Virosomes are the drugs or vaccine delivery mechanism comprises of either mono or bilayer vesicle incorporating virus derived proteins which allows the virosomes to fuse with the target cells. They are not able to replicate.

Viral vectors are tools to deliver genetic matireal into cells used by the molecular biologists.Safety,low toxicity,stability,cell type specificity,identification are the key properties of a viral vector. Viral transformation is the process of change in the phenotype or indefinite reproduction of cells,growth by the introduction of inhertible matireal.

Viral replication is a process of formation of biological viruses in the target host cells during the infection process. Adsorption,penetration,viral genome replication,assembly,maturation and release are the major steps involved in viral replication. David Baltimore, a nobel prize winner in biology has created Baltimore classification system. Ribosomal frame shifiting is an alternative translation of mrna sequence by changing the open reading frame. Reverse transcriptase are the enzymes that are encoded and used by reverse transcribing viruses which is used in the viral replication process.

Herpes simplex virus are those kind of virus which spreads when an infected person produces and sheds the virus. They are contagious and ubiquitous. Watery blisters in the skin or mucous membrane of the mouth lips and genitals are the symptoms of herpes simplex virus. Two types of herpes virus are HSV 1 and HSV 2. Alzheimer’s disease occurs when HSV 1 damages the nervous system. The virus interacts with the components and receptors of lipoproteins which leads to alzheimer’s disease. Multiplicity reactivation is the process by which viral genomes forms a viable viral genomes containing inactivating damage interacted with an infected cell.

Neuro Virology deals with the study of viruses which affects the nervous system. Neurotropic virus is a virus capable of infecting the nerve cells. Herpes simplex encephalitis is a viral infection that affects the central nervous system. Mollaret’s meningitis is a chronic inflammation of the protective membranes known as meninges which covers the brain and spinal cord. In Neuroimaging CT-scans and MRI scans are beneficial to visualize inflammation and lesions caused by viral infection of the CNS. Serology is useful in diagonizing viral infections of the CNS when the polymerase chain reaction analysis returns negative results.

Sexually transmitted viral infections are the sexually transmitted disease that occurs by the means of viruses. It holds a crucial health prominence because of their overwhelming emotional,mental and physical impact in womans and infants. It is a veneral disease which typically transimits through some form of sexual contact but not necessarily only this mode of transmission. Some of the health implications of STD comprises of cervical cancer,infertility,pelvic inflammatory disease,perinatal and congenital infections. Most of the sexually transmitted disease are curable and can be treated but herpes,hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS & HPV are not curable.

Oncogenic viruses are the kind of virus that causes cancer. DNA viruses such as HPV,Epstein-Barr virus, Human cytomegalo virus causes cancer. RNA Virus such as Retroviruses causes cancer. Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus which is one of the retrovirus that causes AIDS in humans which leads cancers to thrive. Gag-Onc fusion protein is a fusion protein which plays a major role in development of cancer. Gag genes are the part of retroviruses which plays a role in the process of reverse transcription. Hodgkin’s lymphoma or Hodgkin’s disease is a kind of a lymphoma in which cancer originates from white blood cells. Radiation therapy,chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are the treatment methods for hodgkin’s disease. Adult T-cell Leukemia is a rare cancer that occurs in T-cell.Zidovudine,Pralatrexate and CHOP regimen(Cyclophosphamide-Hydroxydaunorubicin-Oncovin-Prednisolone) are the medications for the treatment of Adult T-cell Leukemia. Oncogenes are the group of genes that has a potential to cause cancer. In tumour cells oncogenes are mutated or expressed at higher levels. Mytogens,Receptor tyrosine Kinases,Regulatory GTPases are some of the oncogenes. In Carcinogenesis normal cells are being transformed into cancer cells.Characterized by uncontrolled cell division which results in formation of malignant mass. Oncolytic virus are the group of virus that preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. New castle disease virus,reovirus are preferentially used as oncolytic agents.

Viral respiratory infections are the kind of infections that occurs n the upper and lower respiratory tract. Viral respiratory infections are characterized by coughing, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat,fever,trouble breathing and headache. Bronchiolities, Common cold, Pneumonia,tonsillitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, flu,tuberculosis are some of the viral respiratory tract infections. VRT infections are caused by different types of viruses. It is spread from the mouth or nose through contact with mucous. Good hygienic practices which includes handwashing,covering the mouth and nose while coughing can prevent the spread of VRT infections. Ribavirin is used in the treatment of bronchiolitis. Zinc supplements and Vitamin C supplements are the medications for common cold. Amantadine and Zanamivir are the medications used in pneumonia. Rifabutin is used in the treatment of tuberculosis.

In general,Virology deals with virus-like agents and viruses. Their classification,structure,evolution, their way of infecting and exploiting cells for viral reproduction,viral diseases,isolation techniques and culturing them and also their application in therapy and research. The following are some current research works:

a. Cloning and rescue of the genome bombyx mori bidensovirus and characterization of a recombinant virus. In this bombyx mori bidensovirus has a potential tool as an expression vector and in biological pest control.

b. Development and Evaluation of non-ribosomal random PCR and next generation sequencing based assay for detection and sequencing of hand,foot, and mouth disease pathogens. Across the Asia-Pacific region hand,foot and mouth disease has become a major public health problem which occurs due to enterovirus A71 and cocksackievirus A6.

c. Important role of N108 residue in binding of bovine-foamy virus transactivator Tas to viral prmoters. In this Bovine foamy virus enhances the viral gene transcription by binding to the long terminal repeat promoter and internal promoter.

d. Isolation of an imported subgenotype B5 strain of human enterovirus A71. In this Enterovirus A71 which is responsible for the outbreaks of hand,foot and mouth disease.

e. Differences in viral load among human respiratory syncytical virus genotypes in hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections. Here,It is a viral etiology of lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia,bronchiolitis.

A serological diagnosis is prepared by detecting the rising titres of antibody or detection of IgM. By serological methods most of the common viral infections are diagonized. Western blot, Radioimmunoassay,Enzyme linked immunosorbet assay,Particle agglutination, Recombinant immunoblot assay are the newer techniques of serology. It is the main stay of viral diagnosis. Complement Fixation test, Virus Isolation, Electron microscopy, Haemagluttination inhibition test, Enzyme Linked Immuno Assay, IgG Antibody avidity ,Single radial haemolysis, ,Neutralization, , Immunoflurorescence Molecular methods are the commonly used viral serological methods used in the field of virology. ELISA was developed in 1970. Competitive,Sandwich and Antibody capture methods are the assay principles used in ElISA technique. In Haemagluttination inhibition test the main moto is to prevent haemogluttination caused by antibodies which goes against viral proteins.

Viral Bioweapons are the viral living organisms which reproduce and replicates within their host victims. They are the biological toxins with an intention to kill humans,animals or plants. High infectivity, High virulence, Non-availabilty of vaccines and efficient delivery system are the main characteristics of a bioweapon. Ebola virus ,Rift valley fever virus,Japanese encephalitis virus, Yellow fever virus are the viral agents used as bioweapons. Bioweapons also target fisheries,water based vegetations,target plants to destroy crops and defoliate vegetation in agriculture. Aerial spray tanks and cluster bombs are used as bioweapons for the treatment of wheat blast and rice blast disease. Bioherbicides and Mycoherbicides are used as bioweapons. Bioterrorism is the terrorism which involves the intentional release of biological agents such as viruses.

Plant Virology and Agricultural virology deals with the cyclic development of plant virus disease within plant population in time and space. Transgenic plants are those which are genetically modified using recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteritics. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a transgenic plant. Brome mosaic virus is a small icosahedral positive stranded RNA plant virus which is found where wheat and barley is grown. Tobacco-mosaic virus is a single stranded RNA virus that causes mottling and discolouration of tobacco leaves. Cucumber mosaic virus are the plant pathogenic virus that occurs in cucumber and tomato plants. Alfalfa mosaic virus is a phytopathogen that leads to yellow mosaics and necrosis on commercially important crops such as peas,lentils,clovers. Rice stripe virus is a RNA plant pathogen that infects plants such as wheat,corn and rice. Mycovirology is the study of viruses in which fungi is infected.

Viral hepatitis is condition in which there is inflammation in the liver due to viral infection. Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E are the hepatotropic viruses. It forms the majority of clinical cases of viral hepatitis.Hepatitis A virus are found mainly in the less developing countries of the world. Hepatitis C is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis A and E is caused due to consumption of food and water contaminated by the feces of the person infected. Bed rest and vaccination are the medications for Hepatitis A. Hepatitis B,C and D is caused due to puncture woods and contact with infectious body fluids. Antiviral drugs and Vaccinations are opted for this. Alfa interferon is used in the treatment of Hepatitis D. For Hepatitis E adequate rest,intake of enough nutrients,drink plenty of fluids and alcohol should be avoided.

Veterinary Virology or Animal Virology is the study of viruses dealing with animals only. It is a branch of veterinary medicine. Blue tongue virus are the kind of non-enveloped double stranded viruses which occurs in sheep,goat and cattle. West nile virus causes west nile fever which is a mosquito borne infection. Zoonotic diseases are those which are naturally transmissible to humans from vertebrate animals. Prion disease composed of the group of conditions that affects the nervous system in humans and animals. Mad cow’s disease affects the brains of the cattle that is infectious which occurs due to prions.

Viral diseases is one of the most paramount threats in aquaculture because of recent technologic advances and incrementing expertise in the aquatic veterinary field. whether the virus is considered endemic or exotic. In general, no approved or efficacious treatments subsist for viral diseases in aquaculture species. Channel catfish virus (CCV) disease is an acute, virulent herpesvirus infection of fry and fingerling channel catfish that can cause mortality of >80% at dihydrogen monoxide temperatures ≥25°C in diminutive fish (≤5 cm). No efficient treatment or vaccines subsist for these diseases and their control is thus by obviation of exordium and eradication by stamping-out in case of diseases outbreak. Due to close contact with circumventing dihydrogen monoxide the inter-dependence between wild and farmed fish and between individual fish farms the epidemiology in aquaculture is arduous. The prodigious majority of fish diseases are restricted to fish and pose no jeopardy to handlers or consumers.

Mycology is the division of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their utilization to humans as a source for tinder, medicine,food, and entheogens, as well as their hazards, such as poisoning or infection. The Mycology & Metabolic Diversity Research Center has constructed sizably voluminous microbial libraries consisting of more than 20,000 microbial isolates and 30,000 cultivated extracts. The diversity, unlikeness and ubiquitous nature of fungi inflated their status to the caliber of fifth kingdom and represent one of the three major metamorphic sections along with plants and animals. Fungi are placed in juxtaposition of arthropods and angiosperms in their richness. They are recognized to interact with plants,animals and microbes and lead mutualistic, symbiotic, saprophytic or pathogenic life.

Mycotoxins are a kind of pharmacologically active mold metabolites produced in a strain-specific way. Mycotoxins can also be outlined as secondary metabolites produced by a wide variety of organisms categorized as fungi, including mushrooms, yeasts and molds. Probably, mycotoxins have no biochemical significance on fungal growth; they may have developed to cater a defense system against insects, microrganisms, nematodes, animals and humans. Mycoses are the best-known diseases of fungal diagnosis, but toxic secondary metabolites produced by saprophytic species are also an important health risk. The term mycotoxin is an artificial practice used to describe pharmacologically active mold metabolites defined by vertebrate toxicity. Mycotoxins usually enter the body via ingestion of contaminated foods, but retention of toxigenic spores and direct dermal contact are also important routes.

Fungal communities in flown timber acts as a model system to investigate how the history of fungal community assembly controls ecosystem laboratory experiments that are being used to regulate whether the impacts of assembly history on environs work depend upon soil fertility and fungivory. To determine the relative consequentiality of assembly history contrary to the natural background of environmental variability the project will provide incipient ecological insights by exhibiting that historical information, though arduous to obtain in nature, can be essential for expounding ostensibly idiosyncratic variation in ecosystem functioning.

Medical mycology is a class of fungal infections. In immunocompromised hosts systemic fungal infections are customarily optically discerned. Systemic fungal infections lead to pulmonary infections. Fungal infections are customarily visually perceived on skin, nails, and hair. Mundane fungal infections are nail infections, Intertrigo, Thrush, and Pityriasis versicolor, Athlete’s foot, ring worm of the body, ring worm of the groin. Filamentous fungiare utilized by industry for manufacture of an immensely colossal variety of subsidiary products, all for the benefit of humankind. The products include metabolites, enzymes and pabulum. Fungal cells can grow at different environmental conditions and diversity. The chemical and physical circumstances utilized for fungal propagation which depends up on fungal genetics and biology will have a great impingement on the potential of these cells to accumulate the desired products. Fungi have high paramountcy in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical production units due to the diverse bioactive metabolites engendered by these organisms. Bioactive fungal metabolites have vigorously influenced the development of the modern pharmaceutical and agrochemical units. Mevinolin, β-lactam antibiotics, cyclosporine A, pneumocandins, ergotamine, strobilurins, and mycophenolic acid are some of the revolutionary pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals that have a fungal inchoation. The industrial revelation of bioactive fungal metabolites is an involute, integrated, but scarcely empirical process. However, recent advances in genomics, genetics of microbial secondary metabolite biosynthesis and metabolic engineering will play an ever-incrementing role in facilitating fungal bioactive metabolites revelation.

The presence of fungi in aliment has been both advantage and quandaries to victuals stores. Fungi can spoil immensely colossal quantities of victuals and engender perilous toxins that threaten human health; however, fungal spoilage in certain foods can engender a unique, highly prized aliment source and there are some very efficacious fungal derived medicines. An exhaustive understanding of the astronomical body of cognizance relating to victuals mycology requires an inclusive volume that covers both the salutary and detrimental roles of fungi in our aliment supply. These include victuals groups such as dairy products, bakery products, beverages (e.g. fruit juices), dried fruits and nuts, and confectionary. Fungi can present health risks by the engenderment of categorical toxic agents called mycotoxins, which are often poorly accepted, but are being progressively accepted as agents of both acute and chronic toxicity in humans and animals. This engenders an opportunity in research towards the fungi and yeasts, and the quandaries they can cause in foods, in terms of adulteration and health effects. It will present a balanced view of the consequentiality of these agents in the context of the modern aliment industry.

Veterinary mycology is a branch deals with identification of veterinary fungi, pharmacodynamics of antifungals in animals, pathophysiology and diagnosis of fungal infections, eradication and vaccine development against invasive veterinary fungal infections and epidemiology of animal mycoses.

Mycobacteria is responsible for paramount morbidity and mortality in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts which causes acute infections and leads to death . Both Mycobacterium avium intricate and Mycobacterium abscessus is a source of diverse range of infections that need to be encountered and identified correctly to avail in clinical decision making. Various open detection methods for Aspergillus,Candida and Malassezia, Paracoccidioidomycosis and Penicilliosis are available. Direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens represents concrete information on the culturing and incubation of cultures for the optimal instauration of fungi and methods for identification of fungi.

The mushroom is a fleshy fruit and spore bearing body of a fungus, which grows above ground on soil or on organic pabulum source. Spore is the most paramount microscopic feature for identification of mushrooms. Most of the mushrooms are basidiomycetes and gilled. Basidiospores, are engendered on the gills and fall in a fine rain of powder under the caps. Mushrooms are the fruit bodies of members of the order agaricales. Mushrooms have more uses in modern culinary cuisine than any other aliment crop. Mushroom cultivation is carried out indoor in any room, shed, basement, garage, etc. This should be well ventilated. Paddy straw mushroom can be grown outside in shady places additionally.

Viral haemorrhagic pyrexia or fever (VHFs) are a group of febrile illnesses caused by RNA viruses from several viral families. These highly infectious viruses lead to a potentially lethal disease syndrome characterized by pyrexia, malaise, regurgitating, mucosal and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, oedema, and hypotension. Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Rhabdoviridae are the families that cause haemorrhagic pyrexia. The viruses that cause VHF are distributed over much of the globe. Each virus is associated with 1 or more vector species or nonhuman host, which restricts the virus and hence the initial contamination to the areas are inhabited by these species. The diseases caused by these viruses are visually perceived in people living in or having visited these areas. For these enzootic diseases humans are incidental hosts; however, person-to-person transmission of some viruses can result in sizably voluminous human outbreaks.

After transplantation strategies to control viral infections includes antiviral drug therapy and reduction in immunosuppression, which sanctions for development of pathogen-categorical immunity to the aggressive virus. Aversion of viral infections is of the ultimate consequentiality, and this may be accomplished through vaccination, antiviral strategies and infection control measures.

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SINGAPORE, known as "the LION city," becomes a favourite destination because it is a global city and is a densely populated island with tropical flora,parks and gardens. Singapore is a global commerce,finance and transport hub.

Singapore is considered as an important center for higher education and harbours, healthcare,well reputed and prestigious colleges and Universities. Singapore conferences indeed play a vital role in promoting scientific information and ideas all over the world. It can be considered as a suitable medium for the relocation of valuable knowledge about research and novel advancements worldwide. The conferences taking part here would promote a variety of scientific ideas among contenders belonging to diverse areas of science and technology. They serve as a major center of attraction for reputed and highly affiliated global scientific leaders and provide an opportunity of conversing the various research highlights at an international podium.

Education: Education in Singapore consists of three stages primary,secondary and pre-university education.Singapore comprises of two main public universities which ranked among top 13 in the world: National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University. In all public schools English is the medium of instruction and communication.

Conference Highlights:

1. Virus & Viral Evolution,General Virology

2. Viral Pathogenesis & Latency,Virulence

3. Molecular & Genomic Virology

4. Vaccines & Antiviral Drugs

5. Viral Therapy & Viral Vectors

6. Viral Replication

7. Herpes Simplex Virus

8. Neuro Virology

9. Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections

10. Oncogenic Viruses

11. Viral Respiratory Infections

12. Current Trends and research in Virology

13. Serological Methods in Virology

14. Viral Bioweapon

15. Plant & Agricultural Virology

16. Viral hepatitis

17. Veterinary Virology

18. Aquatic Viral Disease

19. Mycology and its Diversity

20. Mycotoxins

21. Mycology and Ecology

22. Medical and Industrial Mycology

23. Food and Veterinary Mycology

24. Clinical Mycology and Mushrooms

25. Viral Haemorrhagic Fever

26. Transplant associated Viral Infections

Target Audience:

Scientists

Research Scholars

Associate Professors

Professors

Lecturers

M.Sc Students

Pharmaceutical Industries

Healthcare Industries

Directors of Associations and Societies

Virology Asia 2017 welcomes attendees, presenters, and exhibitors from all over the world to Singapore. We are delighted to invite you all to attend and register for the “10th World Congress on Virology and Mycology” which is going to be held during May 11-12, 2017 at Singapore. The organizing committee is gearing up for an exciting and informative conference program including plenary lectures, symposia, workshops on a variety of topics, poster presentations and various programs for participants from all over the world. We invite you to join us at the Virology Asia-2017, where you will be sure to have a meaningful experience with scholars from around the world. All the members of Virology Asia-2017 organizing committee look forward to meet you at Singapore.

In the new bioeconomy, Virus and Fungi play a very important role in addressing major global challenges, being instrumental for improved resource efficiency, making renewable substitutes for products from fossil resources, upgrading waste streams to valuable food and feed ingredients, counteracting life-style diseases and antibiotic resistance through strengthening the gut biota, making crop plants more robust to survive climate change conditions, and functioning as host organisms for production of new biological drugs.

This range of new uses of virus and fungi all stand on the shoulders of the efforts of virologists and mycologists over generations: the scientific discipline virology and mycology has built comprehensive understanding within viral and fungal biodiversity, classification, evolution, genetics, physiology, ecology, pathogenesis, and nutrition. Applied Virology and Mycology could not make progress without this platform. To unfold the full potentials of what virus and fungi can do for both environment and man we need to strengthen the field of virology and mycology on a global scale.

MARKET ANALYSIS:

VIROLOGY:

In 2012 the market of global cancer immunotherapies had extended to $30.8 billion. In 2013 it is expected that this market will progress to nearly about $34.3 billion and $67.9 billion in 2018 over the period of 5 years with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.7% from 2013 to 2018.

ANTIVIRAL DRUGS:

In 2013,The global market for HIV therapeutics is expected to reach about $18.2 billion and $19.6 in 2018, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.5%.

VIRUS REPLICATION:

In 2014,the global market for selected healthcare-acquired infection (HAI) treatments had reached nearly about $15.2 billion. This market is expected to grow nearly from $17.1 billion in 2015 to $23 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1% from 2015 to 2020.

IMMUNOLOGY:

In 2014,the global market for genome had increased $206.0 million and $395.0 million in 2015. The market is expected to reach over $2.0 billion by 2020,corresponding to a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 38.9% from 2015 to 2020.

Global allergy diagnostic and treatment market is promoted to increase nearly about $35.3 billion by 2015 from $31.5 billion in 2014. In 2020,this market is expected to progress about $46.8 billion by 2020,growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8% from 2015 to 2020.

The global cancer immunotherapies market is projected to increase $30.8 billion in 2012. This market should extend to nearly $34.3 billion in 2013 and $67.9 billion in 2018 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.7% over the period of 5years from 2013 to 2018.

MICROBIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY:

In 2015,the global bioplastic market had reached to 1.6 million metric tons and should extend nearly about 6.1 million metric tons in 2020 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 30.0% for the period of 5years from 2015 to 2020.

In 2012,The global synthetic biology market had totalled nearly about $2.1 billion and $2.7 billion in 2013. This market should reach upto $11.8 billion in 2018 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 34.4% over period of 5years from 2013 to 2018.

In 2012,the consumables, equipment and technology markets in the microbiology industry had extended nearly to $7.7 billion. This total should roughly grow from $8.5 billion in 2013 to $11.4 billion in 2018, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1% for the period of five years from 2013 to 2018.

The global advanced drug delivery market is expected to grow roughly from $178.8 billion in 2015 to nearly $227.3 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.9%.

The global market for drug discovery technologies had progressed nearly about $39.5 billion and $46.5 billion in 2013 and 2014. This market is should grow rougly at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.3% to nearly $79.5 billion for the period of 5 years.

In 2013,the global market for agricultural biotechnology had reached $26.4 billion and $27.8 billion in 2014. This indication is expected to extend $46.8 billion in 2019,corresponding a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.0% for the next five years period.

MYCOLOGY:

The ecumenical market for human antifungal therapeutics reached proximately $11.6 billion in 2012 and $11.8 billion in 2013. Over the period of five years this market is expected to grow to proximately $13.9 billion in 2018 with a compound annual magnification rate (CAGR) of 3.2% from 2013 to 2018.

MYCOTOXINS:

In 2015 the indoor air quality market in the U.S. totaled $7.8 billion. The market should total $8.3 billion in 2016 and $10.8 billion by 2021, incrementing at a compound annual magnification rate (CAGR) of 5.3% from 2016 to 2021.

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