Educational Assessment of Students

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This highly respected text offers the most comprehensive discussion of traditional and alternative assessments of any classroom assessment text-explaining, giving examples, discussing pros and cons, and showing how to construct virtually all of the traditional and alternative assessments teachers use in the classroom. Book jacket.

The Bases for Assessment in the Classroom

Classroom Decision Making and Using Assessment

p. 1

About This Chapter

p. 2

Example of Assessments Used for an Educational Decision

p. 2

Teachers' Classroom Decisions

p. 3

Distinctions Among Assessments, Tests, Measurements, and Evaluations

p. 4

High-Stakes Assessment and Accountability

p. 8

Assessment and Educational Decisions About Students

p. 11

Acquiring the Competence to Assess Students

p. 14

Describing the Goals and Learning Targets of Instruction

p. 17

About This Chapter

p. 18

Importance of Specifying Objectives

p. 18

Educational Goals, State Standards, and Learning Targets

p. 19

Taxonomies of Learning Targets

p. 25

Cognitive Domain Taxonomies

p. 25

Choosing a Taxonomy

p. 31

Sources for Locating Learning Targets

p. 31

Evaluating the Learning Targets of a Course or Unit

p. 32

How to Write Specific Learning Targets

p. 32

Making Sure Assessment Tasks Are Aligned With Learning Targets

p. 33

Validity of Assessment Results

p. 37

About This Chapter

p. 38

General Nature of Validity

p. 38

Four Principles for Validation

p. 38

Validity of Teacher-Crafted Classroom Assessment Results

p. 40

Validity of Extraclassroom Assessments

p. 45

Categories of Validity Evidence

p. 48

Combining Evidence for Validity Judgments: An Argument-Based Approach

p. 60

Validity Issues When Accommodating Students With Disabilities

p. 61

Reliability of Assessment Results

p. 66

About This Chapter

p. 67

General Nature of Reliability

p. 67

Causes of Measurement Error or Inconsistency

p. 68

Types of Reliability Coefficients

p. 69

Obtained Scores, True Scores, and Error Scores

p. 75

Standard Error of Measurement

p. 76

Additional Factors Affecting Reliability and SEM

p. 78

Reliability of Mastery and Pass-Fail Decisions

p. 79

How to Improve Reliability

p. 81

Professional Responsibilities, Ethical Behavior, and Legal Requirements in Educational Assessments