History

1800s

In 1802, while serving as
President of the United States,
Thomas Jefferson wrote to artist
Charles Willson Peale that his concept of the new university would be "on the most extensive and liberal scale that our circumstances would call for and our faculties meet," and that it might even attract talented students from "other states to come, and drink of the cup of knowledge".[15] Virginia was already home to the
College of William and Mary, but Jefferson lost all confidence in his alma mater, partly because of its religious nature – it required all its students to recite a
catechism – and its stifling of the sciences.[16][17] Jefferson had flourished under
William & Mary professors
William Small and
George Wythe decades earlier, but the college was in a period of great decline and his concern became so dire by 1800 that he expressed to British chemist
Joseph Priestley, "we have in that State, a college just well enough endowed to draw out the miserable existence to which a miserable constitution has doomed it."[16][18][19] These words would ring true some seventy years later when William and Mary fell bankrupt after the
Civil War and the Williamsburg college was shuttered completely in 1881, later being revived in a limited capacity as a small college for teachers until well into the twentieth century.[20]

In 1817, three Presidents (Jefferson,
James Monroe, and
James Madison) and
Chief Justice of the United States Supreme CourtJohn Marshall joined 24 other dignitaries at a meeting held in the Mountain Top Tavern at
Rockfish Gap. After some deliberation, they selected nearby Charlottesville as the site of the new University of Virginia.[21] Farmland just outside
Charlottesville was purchased from
James Monroe by the Board of Visitors as Central College. The school laid its first building's cornerstone late in that same year, and the Commonwealth of Virginia chartered the new university on January 25, 1819.
John Hartwell Cocke collaborated with
James Madison, Monroe, and Joseph Carrington Cabell to fulfill Jefferson's dream to establish the university. Cocke and Jefferson were appointed to the building committee to supervise the construction.[22] Like many of its peers,[23] the university owned slaves who helped build the campus.[24] They also served students and professors.[24] The university's first classes met on March 7, 1825.[25]

In contrast to other universities of the day, at which one could study in either medicine, law, or divinity, the first students at the University of Virginia could study in one or several of eight independent schools – medicine, law, mathematics, chemistry, ancient languages, modern languages, natural philosophy, and moral philosophy.[26] Another innovation of the new university was that higher education would be separated from religious doctrine. UVA had no divinity school, was established independently of any religious sect, and
the Grounds were planned and centered upon a library,
the Rotunda, rather than a church, distinguishing it from peer universities still primarily functioning as seminaries for one particular strain of Protestantism or another.[27] Jefferson opined to philosopher
Thomas Cooper that "a professorship of theology should have no place in our institution", and never has there been one. There were initially two degrees awarded by the university: Graduate, to a student who had completed the courses of one school; and Doctor to a graduate in more than one school who had shown research prowess.[28]

James Madison was the 2nd rector of the University of Virginia until 1836

Jefferson was intimately involved in the university to the end, hosting Sunday dinners at his
Monticello home for faculty and students until his death. So taken with the import of what he viewed the university's foundations and potential to be, and counting it amongst his greatest accomplishments, Jefferson insisted his grave mention only his status as author of the
Declaration of Independence and
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, and father of the University of Virginia. Thus, he eschewed mention of his national accomplishments, such as the
Louisiana Purchase and any other aspects of his presidency, in favor of his role with the young university.

Initially, some of the students arriving at the University matched the then-common picture of college students; wealthy, spoiled aristocrats with a sense of privilege which often led to brawling, or worse. This was a source of frustration for Jefferson, who assembled the students during the school's first year, on October 3, 1825, to criticize such behavior; but was too overcome to speak. He later spoke of this moment as "the most painful event" of his life.[29]

Although the frequency of such irresponsible behavior dropped after Jefferson's expression of concern, it did not die away completely. Like many universities and colleges, it experienced periodic
student riots, culminating in the shooting death of Professor
John A. G. Davis, Chairman of the Faculty, in 1840. This event, in conjunction with the growing popularity of temperance and a rise in religious affiliation in society in general, seems to have resulted in a permanent change in student attitudes, and the streak of seriously antisocial behavior among students which had so bothered Jefferson finally vanished.[29]

In the year of Jefferson's death, poet
Edgar Allan Poe enrolled at the university, where he excelled in Latin.[30] The
Raven Society, an organization named after Poe's most famous poem, continues to maintain 13 West Range, the room Poe inhabited during the single semester he attended the university.[31] He left because of financial difficulties. The
School of Engineering and Applied Science opened in 1836, making UVA the first comprehensive university to open an engineering school.

Unlike the vast majority of peer colleges in the South, the university was kept open throughout the
Civil War, an especially remarkable feat with its state seeing more bloodshed than any other and the near 100%
conscription of the entire
American South.[32] After
Jubal Early's total loss at the
Battle of Waynesboro, Charlottesville was willingly surrendered to Union forces to avoid mass bloodshed and UVA faculty convinced
George Armstrong Custer to preserve Jefferson's university.[33] Although
Union troops camped on the Lawn and damaged many of the Pavilions, Custer's men left four days later without bloodshed and the university was able to return to its educational mission. However, an extremely high number of officers of both Confederacy and Union were alumni.[34] UVA produced 1,481 officers in the
Confederate Army alone, including four major-generals, twenty-one brigadier-generals, and sixty-seven colonels from ten different states.[34]John S. Mosby, the infamous "Gray Ghost" and commander of the lightning-fast
43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry ranger unit, had also been a UVA student.

Thanks to a grant from the Commonwealth of Virginia, tuition became free for all Virginians in 1875.[35] During this period the University of Virginia remained unique in that it had no president and mandated no
core curriculum from its students, who often studied in and took degrees from more than one school.[35] However, the university was also experiencing growing pains. As the original
Rotunda caught fire and
was gutted in 1895, there would soon be sweeping change afoot, changes much greater than merely reconstructing the Rotunda in 1899.

1900s

Edwin Alderman was UVA's first president between 1904 and 1931, and instituted many reforms toward modernization

Jefferson had originally decided that the University of Virginia would have no president. Rather, this power was to be shared by a rector and a
Board of Visitors. But as the 19th century waned, it became obvious this cumbersome arrangement was incapable of adequately handling the many administrative and fundraising tasks of the growing university.[36]Edwin Alderman, who had only recently moved from his post as president of
UNC-Chapel Hill since 1896 to become president of
Tulane University in 1900, accepted an offer as president of the University of Virginia in 1904. His appointment was not without controversy, and national media such as Popular Science lamented the end of one of the things that made UVA unique among universities.[37]

Alderman would stay 27 years, and became known as a prolific fund-raiser, a well-known orator, and a close adviser to U.S. President and UVA alumnus
Woodrow Wilson.[36] He added significantly to the University Hospital to support new sickbeds and public health research, and helped create departments of geology and forestry, the
Curry School of Education, the
McIntire School of Commerce, and the summer school programs at which a young
Georgia O'Keeffe would soon take art.[38] Perhaps his greatest ambition was the funding and construction of a library on a scale of millions of books, much larger than the Rotunda could bear. Delayed by the
Great Depression, Alderman Library was named in his honor in 1938. Alderman, who seven years earlier had died in office en route to giving a public speech at the
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, is still the longest-tenured president of the university.

The university first admitted a few selected women to graduate studies in the late 1890s and to certain programs such as nursing and education in the 1920s and 1930s.[39] In 1944,
Mary Washington College in
Fredericksburg, Virginia, became the Women's Undergraduate Arts and Sciences Division of the University of Virginia. With this branch campus in Fredericksburg exclusively for women, UVA maintained its main campus in Charlottesville as near-exclusively for men, until a civil rights lawsuit of the 1960s forced it to commingle the sexes.[40] In 1970, the Charlottesville campus became fully co-educational, and in 1972 Mary Washington became an independent state university.[41] When the first female class arrived, 450 undergraduate women entered UVA, comprising 39 percent of undergraduates, while the number of men admitted remained constant. By 1999, women made up a 52 percent majority of the total student body.[39][42]

The University of Virginia admitted its first black student when Gregory Swanson sued to gain entrance into the university's law school in 1950.[43] Following his successful lawsuit, a handful of black graduate and professional students were admitted during the 1950s, though no black undergraduates were admitted until 1955, and UVA did not fully integrate until the 1960s.[43] When Walter Ridley graduated with a doctorate in Education, he was the first black person to graduate from UVA.[43] UVA's Ridley Scholarship Fund is named in his honor.[43]

In December 1953, the University of Virginia joined the
Atlantic Coast Conference for athletics. At the time, UVA had a football program that had just broken through to be nationally ranked in 1950, 1951, and 1952, and consistently beat its rivals North Carolina and Virginia Tech by such scores as 34–7 and 44–0. Other sports were very competitive as well. However, the administration of
Colgate Darden de-emphasized athletics, barely allowing the school to join the nascent ACC. It would take until the 1980s for the bulk of programs to fully recover, but approaching the 2000s UVA was again one of the
most successful all-around sports programs with NCAA national titles achieved in an array of different sports.

2000s

Due to a continual decline in state funding for the university, today only 6 percent of its budget comes from the Commonwealth of Virginia.[44] A Charter initiative was signed into law by then-
GovernorMark Warner in 2005, negotiated with the university to have greater autonomy over its own affairs in exchange for accepting this
decline in financial support.[45][46]

The university welcomed
Teresa A. Sullivan as its first female president in 2010.[47] Just two years later its first woman rector,
Helen Dragas, engineered a forced-resignation to remove President Sullivan from office.[48][49] The attempted ouster elicited a faculty Senate vote of no confidence in Rector Dragas, and demands from student government for an explanation.[50][51] In the face of mounting pressure including alumni threats to cease contributions, and a mandate from then-Governor
Robert McDonnell to resolve the issue or face removal of the entire Board of Visitors, the Board unanimously reinstated President Sullivan.[52][53][54] In 2013 and 2014, the Board passed new bylaws that made it harder to remove a president and possible to remove a rector.[55]

In November 2014, the university suspended fraternity and sorority functions pending investigation of
an article by Rolling Stone concerning an alleged rape story, later determined to be a "
hoax" after the story was confirmed to be false through investigation by The Washington Post.[56][57][58][59] The university nonetheless instituted new rules banning "pre-mixed drinks, punches or any other common source of alcohol" such as beer kegs and requiring "sober and lucid" fraternity members to monitor parties.[60] In April 2015, Rolling Stone fully retracted the article after the
Columbia School of Journalism released a report of what went wrong with the article in a scathing and discrediting report.[61][62] Even before release of the Columbia University report, the Rolling Stone story was named "Error of the Year" by the
Poynter Institute.[63]

UVA experienced significant triumphs of both academia and athletics in 2015 as Science found its faculty to have discovered two of the world's top ten scientific breakthroughs that year, and the athletics department was awarded the
Capital One Cup for fielding the nation's top overall men's sports program.[8][14] In the same year, Charlottesville (largely because of UVA founders and funders) was named the No. 1 fastest growing U.S. metropolitan area for
venture capital, and UVA won the 2015 Paul Simon Award for Comprehensive Internationalization on the basis of its
global citizen initiatives.[64][65]

Grounds

Grounds, a term commonly used to refer to the UVA campus,[67] is known for its Jeffersonian architecture and place in U.S. history as a model for college and university campuses throughout the country. The campus straddles the border between the city of Charlottesville and Albemarle County.[68]

Academical Village

Throughout its history, the University of Virginia has won praise for its unique
Jeffersonian architecture. In January 1895, less than a year before the Great Rotunda Fire, The New York Times said that the design of the University of Virginia "was incomparably the most ambitious and monumental architectural project that had or has yet been conceived in this century."[69] In the
United States Bicentennial issue of their AIA Journal, the
American Institute of Architects called it "the proudest achievement of American architecture in the past 200 years."[70]

Jefferson's original architectural design revolves around the Academical Village, and that name remains in use today to describe both the specific area of the Lawn, a grand, terraced green space surrounded by residential and academic buildings, the gardens, the Range, and the larger university surrounding it. The principal building of the design, the Rotunda, stands at the north end of the Lawn, and is the most recognizable symbol of the university. It is half the height and width of the
Pantheon in
Rome, which was the primary inspiration for the building. The Lawn and the Rotunda were the model for many similar designs of "centralized green areas" at universities across the country. The space was designed for students and professors to live in the same area. The Rotunda, which symbolized knowledge, showed hierarchy. The south end of the lawn was left open to symbolize the view of cultivated fields to the south, as reflective of Jefferson's ideal for an agrarian-focused nation.

Flanking both sides of the Rotunda and extending down the length of the Lawn are ten Pavilions interspersed with student rooms. Each has its own classical architectural style, as well as its own walled garden separated by Jeffersonian Serpentine walls. These walls are called "serpentine" because they run a sinusoidal course, one that lends strength to the wall and allows for the wall to be only one brick thick, one of many innovations by which Jefferson attempted to combine aesthetics with utility.[71]

Inside the Dome Room

On October 27, 1895, the Rotunda burned to a shell because of an electrical fire that started in the Rotunda Annex, a long multi-story structure built in 1853 to house additional classrooms. The electrical fire was no doubt assisted by the unfortunate help of overzealous faculty member
William "Reddy" Echols, who attempted to save it by throwing roughly 100 pounds (45 kg) of
dynamite into the main fire in the hopes that the blast would separate the burning Annex from Jefferson's own Rotunda. His last-ditch effort ultimately failed. Perhaps ironically, one of the university's main honors student programs is named for him. University officials swiftly approached celebrity architect
Stanford White to rebuild the Rotunda. White took the charge further, disregarding Jefferson's design and redesigning the Rotunda interior—making it two floors instead of three, adding three buildings to the foot of the Lawn, and designing a president's house. He did omit rebuilding the Rotunda Annex, the remnants of which were used as fill and to create part of the modern-day Rotunda's northern-facing plaza. The classes formerly occupying the Annex were moved to the South Lawn in White's new buildings.

The White buildings have the effect of closing off the sweeping perspective, as originally conceived by Jefferson, down the Lawn across open countryside toward the distant mountains. The White buildings at the foot of the Lawn effectively create a huge "quadrangle", albeit one far grander than any traditional college quadrangle at the
University of Cambridge or
University of Oxford.

In concert with the
United States Bicentennial in 1976, Stanford White's changes to the Rotunda were removed and the building was returned to Jefferson's original design. Renovated according to original sketches and historical photographs, a three-story Rotunda opened on Jefferson's birthday, April 13, 1976.
Queen Elizabeth II came to visit the Rotunda in that same year for the Bicentennial, and had a well-publicized stroll of The Lawn.

The university, together with Jefferson's home at
Monticello, is a
World Heritage site, one of only three modern man-made sites so listed in the U.S. with the
Statue of Liberty and
Independence Hall. The first collegiate World Heritage site in the world, it was codified as such by UNESCO in 1987. The university was listed by Travel + Leisure in September 2011 as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States and by
MSN as one of the most beautiful college campuses in the world.[72][73]

Libraries

Inside the Law Library

The University of Virginia Library System holds 5 million volumes. Its Electronic Text Center, established in 1992, has put 70,000 books online as well as 350,000 images that go with them. These e-texts are open to anyone and, as of 2002[update], were receiving 37,000 daily visits (compared to 6,000 daily visitors to the physical libraries).[74] Alderman Library holds the most extensive Tibetan collection in the world, and holds ten floors of book "stacks" of varying ages and historical value. The
Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library features a collection of American literature as well as two copies of the
original printing of the
Declaration of Independence. It was in this library in 2006 that Robert Stilling, an English graduate student, discovered an unpublished
Robert Frost poem from 1918.[75] Clark Hall is the library for SEAS (the engineering school), and one of its notable features is the Mural Room, decorated by two three-panel murals by Allyn Cox, depicting the Moral Law and the Civil Law. The murals were finished and set in place in 1934.[76] As of 2006[update], the university and
Google were working on the digitization of selected collections from the library system.[77]

Since 1992, the University of Virginia also hosts the
Rare Book School, a non-profit organization in study of historical books and the history of printing that began at
Columbia University in 1983.

Billionaire
John Kluge donated 7,379 acres (29.86 km2) of additional lands to the university in 2001. Kluge desired the core of the land, the 2,913-acre
Morven, to be developed by the university and the surrounding land to be sold to fund an endowment supporting the core. Five farms totaling 1,261 acres (510 ha) of the gift were soon sold to musician
Dave Matthews, of the
Dave Matthews Band, to be utilized in an
organic farming project to complement his nearby
Blenheim Vineyards.[81] Morven has since hosted the Morven Summer Institute, a rigorous immersion program of study in civil society, sustainability, and creativity.[82] As of 2014[update], the university is developing further plans for Morven and has hired an architecture firm for the nearly three thousand acre property.[82]

Student housing

Fifty-four students are selected to live on The Lawn during their final year

The primary housing areas for first-year students are
McCormick Road Dormitories, often called "Old Dorms," and
Alderman Road Dormitories, often called "New Dorms." The 1970s-era Alderman Road Dorms are in the process of being fully replaced with brand new dormitory buildings located in the same area. The replacements feature hall-style living arrangements with common areas and many modern amenities. Instead of being torn down and replaced like the original New Dorms, the Old Dorms will see a $105 million renovation project between 2017 and 2022.[84] They were constructed in 1950, and are also hall-style constructions but with fewer amenities. The Old Dorms are closer to the students' classes.

It is considered a great honor to be invited to live on The Lawn, and 54 fourth-year undergraduates do so each year, joining ten members of the faculty who permanently live and teach in the Pavilions there.[85] Similarly, graduate students may live on The Range.
Edgar Allan Poe formerly lived in 13 West Range, and since 1904 the Raven Society has retrofitted and preserved his room much as it may have existed in the 1820s.

In 2006, then-President Casteen announced an ambitious $3 billion capital campaign to be completed by December 2011.[86] During the
Great Recession, President Sullivan missed the 2011 deadline, and extended it indefinitely.[87] The $3 billion goal would be met a year and a half later, which President Sullivan announced at graduation ceremonies in May 2013.[88]

As of 2013[update], UVA's $1.4 billion academic budget is paid for primarily by tuition and fees (32%), research grants (23%), endowment and gifts (19%), and sales and services (12%).[89] A mere 10% of academic funds come from state appropriation from the Commonwealth of Virginia.[89] For the overall (including non-academic) university budget of $2.6 billion, 45% comes from medical patient revenue.[89] The Commonwealth contributes less than 6%.[89]

Although UVA is the flagship university of Virginia, state funding has decreased for several consecutive decades.[44] Financial support from the state dropped by half from 12 percent of total revenue in 2001-02 to six percent in 2013-14.[44] The portion of academic revenue coming from the state fell by even more in the same period, from 22 percent to just nine percent.[44] This nominal support from the state, contributing just $154 million of UVA's $2.6 billion budget in 2012-13, has led President Sullivan and others to contemplate the partial privatization of the University of Virginia.[6] UVA's Darden School and Law School are already self-sufficient.

Hunter R. Rawlings III, President of the prominent
Association of American Universities research group of universities to which UVA is an elected member, came to Charlottesville to make a speech to university faculty which included a statement about the proposal: "there's no possibility, as far as I can see, that any state will ever relinquish its ownership and governance of its public universities, much less of its flagship research university".[6] He encouraged university leaders to stop talking about privatization and instead push their state lawmakers to increase funding for higher education and research as a public good.[6]

The
Jefferson Scholars Foundation offers four-year full-tuition scholarships based on regional, international, and at-large competitions. Students are nominated by their high schools, interviewed, then invited to weekend-long series of tests of character, aptitude, and general suitability. Approximately 3% of those nominated successfully earn the scholarship.
Echols Scholars (College of Arts and Sciences) and
Rodman Scholars (School of Engineering and Applied Sciences), which include 6-7% of undergraduate students, receive no financial benefits, but are entitled to special advisors, priority course registration, residence in designated dorms and fewer curricular constraints than other students.[94]

Research

UVA was recently recognized by Science as leading two of the top 10 scientific discoveries in the world in 2015.[8]

The first breakthrough was when
UVA School of Medicine researchers Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau discovered previously unknown vessels connecting the
human brain directly to the
lymphatic system.[8] The discovery "redrew the map" of the lymphatic system, rewrote medical
textbooks, and struck down long-held beliefs about how the
immune system functions in the brain.[8] The discovery may help greatly in combating neurological diseases from
multiple sclerosis to
Alzheimer's disease.[8] The second globally recognized breakthrough of 2015 was when UVA psychology professor Brian Nosek examined the reproducibility of 100 psychology studies and found that fewer than half could be reproduced.[8] The discovery may have profound impacts on how psychological studies are performed and documented.[8] More than 270 researchers on five continents were involved, and twenty-two students and faculty from UVA were listed as co-authors on the scientific paper.[8]

The University of Virginia has been an elected member of the
Association of American Universities since 1904, and remains today the only Virginia-based member of this research organization of leading American universities.

In addition to McIntire and SEAS, the
Darden School has spawned highly innovative graduates and entrepreneurs. For example, a wearable glove that helps to rehabilitate stroke patients was brought to market by a Darden graduate in
South Korea during 2015.[97] According to a study by researchers at the Darden School and Stanford University, UVA alumni overall have founded over 65,000 companies which have employed 2.3 million people worldwide with annual global revenues of $1.6 trillion.[9]

Washington Monthly ranked UVA 36th in its non-traditional 2017 ranking, which attempts to measure social mobility and public service.[110] Another non-traditional ranking, from The Daily Caller, ranks UVA 1st overall, and states it "blows away the competition" for the second consecutive year as of 2015[update], when additional factors such as cost, professor ratings, and "student hotness" are added to the more traditional methodology.[111][112] In its 2016 report, Business Insider, which strives to measure preparation for the professional workforce, ranks UVA 9th overall and 1st among public universities.[113]

The University of Virginia has also been recognized for consistently having the highest
African American graduation rate among national public universities.[115][116][117][118] According to the Fall 2005 issue of Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, UVA "has the highest
black student graduation rate of the
Public Ivies" and "by far the most impressive is the University of Virginia with its high black student graduation rate and its small racial difference in graduation rates."[119]

Admissions and financial aid

For the undergraduate Class of 2022, the University of Virginia received 37,222 applications, admitting 26.4 percent.[122] The university has seen steady increases in the applicant pool throughout the past decade, and the number of applications has more than doubled since the Class of 2008 received 15,094 applications.[123] Interested applicants may arrange an overnight visit through the Monroe Society, a student-run organization.[124] In 2014, 93% of admitted applicants ranked in the top 10 percent of their high school classes.[124][125] Matriculated students come from all 50
states and 147 foreign countries.[126][124] The average
LSAT score was 169 at the
School of Law, while at the
Darden School of Business the average
GMAT score was 706.[127][128]

Financial aid is an area of focus at UVA, and its students value the emphasis to the extent that the America's Best Colleges edition of U.S. News and World Report has described the public university as "chock full of academic stars who turn down private schools like
Duke,
Princeton, and
Cornell for, they say, a better value."[129] The university meets 100 percent of demonstrated need for all admitted undergraduate students, making it one of only two public universities in the U.S. to reach this level of financial aid for its students.[130][131] For 2014, the university ranked 4th overall by the Princeton Review for "Great Financial Aid".[132] In 2008 the Center for College Affordability and Productivity named UVA the top value among all national public colleges and universities; and in 2009, UVA was again named the "No. 1 Best Value" among public universities in the United States in a separate ranking by USA TODAY and the Princeton Review.[133][134][135]Kiplinger in 2014 ranked UVA 2nd out of the top 100 best-value public colleges and universities in the nation.[136]

Student life

Student life at the University of Virginia is marked by a number of unique traditions. The campus of the university is referred to as the "Grounds." Freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors are instead called first-, second-, third-, and fourth-years in order to reflect Jefferson's belief that learning is a lifelong process, rather than one to be completed within four years.

William Faulkner once lived at UVA, discussing his works with students but with his only responsibility to write, not teach

Student-faculty interaction and connections

Professors are traditionally addressed as "Mr." or "Ms." at UVA instead of "Doctor" (although medical doctors are the exception) in deference to Jefferson's desire to have an equality of ideas, discriminated by merit and unburdened by title. UVA facilitates close interactions between students and professors in a number of ways.

First-year students in the College of Arts & Sciences have the opportunity to take two University Seminars, one per semester, which are later made available to other students as well. These small classes, numbering from 4 to 19 students each, provide opportunities to work closely with professors at the university from the outset of a student's academic career. The small groupings also help facilitate more frequent and intense discussions between students in this closer environment.

Reflecting this close student-faculty interaction at UVA, it welcomed Nobel Laureate
William Faulkner to a position as "Writer-in-Residence" in 1957.[137] He had no teaching responsibilities, and was paid merely to live among the students and write. He was badly injured in a horse riding accident in 1959, and did not return to the state before his death in 1962.[137] Faulkner then bequeathed the majority of his papers to Alderman Library, giving UVA the largest Faulkner archives in the world.[138]

Global citizenship initiatives

UVA has several programs in place to make each of its students a citizen of the globe, not just of the United States.

The
International Residential College is a
residential college at UVA that attracts and celebrates students from across the globe who choose to attend the university. It is one of three major residential colleges at UVA. Students there come from 45 different countries, representing 40% of the student population; but U.S. students are encouraged to live at IRC as well to learn about the countries from which their classmates have journeyed to attend UVA.

UVA has been the academic sponsor for
Semester at Sea since 2006. Throughout the history of the program since 1963, nearly 55,000 undergraduate students[139] from more than 1,500 colleges and universities have participated in Semester at Sea. During the spring and fall semesters, the approximately 100-day program circumnavigates the globe, with up to 720 undergraduates[140] traveling from
North America heading either east across the
Atlantic or west across the
Pacific, visiting from 8 to 11 countries in
Asia,
Africa,
Europe and
South America, before ending the voyage in another North American port. The program previously had voyages that would sail through the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal, but due to piracy concerns in the
Gulf of Aden, voyages now typically travel around Africa. Past lecturers and guests of Semester at Sea include
Mikhail Gorbachev,
Nelson Mandela, and
Mother Teresa.

UVA received the 2015 Paul Simon Award for Comprehensive Internationalization, by the Association of International Educators.[65] This award confirms the university's success and commitment in educating its students on a global scale as well as nationally.[65]

Student leadership opportunities

There are a number of UVA undergraduate leadership opportunities that are offered in addition to the standard student government or fraternity and sororiety positions found at many universities. They include UVA's
secret societies and debating societies, the
student-run honor committees, and the chance to be recognized as a fourth-year student at the pinnacle of student leadership by being asked to live on
The Lawn.

Secret societies

The mark of
one out of
many secret societies active on Grounds at the university

Student societies have existed on grounds since the early 19th Century. Secret societies have been a part of University of Virginia student life since the first class of students in 1825. While the number of societies peaked during the 75-year period between 1875 and 1950, there are still six societies active that are over 100 years old, and several newer societies.

Honor system

On my honor, I have neither given nor received aid on this assignment.

The nation's first codified honor system was instituted by UVA law professor
Henry St. George Tucker, Sr. in 1842, after a fellow professor was shot to death on
The Lawn. There are three tenets to the system: students simply must not
lie,
cheat, or
steal. It is a "single sanction system," meaning that committing any of these three offenses will result in expulsion from the university. If accused, students are tried before their peers – fellow students, never faculty, serve as counsel and jury.

The honor system is intended to be student-run and student-administered.[142] Although Honor Committee resources have been strained by mass cheating scandals such as a case in 2001 of 122 suspected cheaters over several years in a single large Physics survey course, and federal lawsuits have challenged the system, its verdicts are rarely overturned.[143][144][145] There is only one documented case of direct UVA administration interference in an honor system proceeding: the trial and subsequent retrial of Christopher Leggett.[146]

Student activities

Many events take place at the University of Virginia,
on the Lawn and across grounds. One of the largest events at UVA is Springfest, hosted by the University Programs Council. It takes place every year in the spring, and features a large free concert, various inflatables and games. Another popular event is
Foxfield, a
steeplechase and social gathering that takes place nearby in
Albemarle County in April, and which is annually attended by thousands of students from the University of Virginia and neighboring colleges.[147]

The University Amphitheater is often used for outdoor lectures and student gatherings

The student life building is called Newcomb Hall. It is home to the Student Activities Center (SAC) and the Media Activities Center (MAC), where student groups can get leadership consulting and use computing and copying resources, as well as several meeting rooms for student groups. Student Council, the student self-governing body, holds meetings Tuesdays at 6:30 p.m. in the Newcomb South Meeting Room. Student Council, or "StudCo", also holds office hours and regular committee meetings in the newly renovated Newcomb Programs and Council (PAC) Room. The PAC also houses the University Programs Council and Class Councils. Newcomb basement is home to both the office of the independent student newspaper The Declaration, The Cavalier Daily, and the Consortium of University Publications.

In 2005, the university was named "Hottest for Fitness" by Newsweek magazine,[148] due in part to 94% of its students using one of the four indoor athletics facilities. Particularly popular is the Aquatics and Fitness Center, situated across the street from the Alderman Dorms. The University of Virginia sent more workers to the
Peace Corps in 2006[149] and 2008[150] than any other "medium-sized" university in the United States. Volunteerism at the university is centered around Madison House which offers numerous opportunities to serve others. Among the numerous programs offered are tutoring, housing improvement, an organization called Hoos Against Hunger, which gives leftover food from restaurants to the homeless of Charlottesville rather than allowing it to be discarded, among numerous other volunteer programs.

As at many universities, alcohol use is a part of the social life of many undergraduate students. Concerns particularly arose about a past trend of fourth-years consuming excessive alcohol during the day of the last home football game.[151] President Casteen announced a $2.5 million donation from
Anheuser-Busch to fund a new UVA-based Social Norms Institute in September 2006.[152] A spokesman said: "the goal is to get students to emulate the positive behavior of the vast majority of students". On the other hand, the university was ranked first in Playboy's 2012 list of Top 10 Party Schools based on ratings of sex, sports, and
nightlife.[153]

Greek life

The University of Virginia has a number of
Greek organizations on campus, encompassing the traditional social fraternities and sororities as well as coeducational
professional,
service, and
honor fraternities. Social life at the university was originally dominated by debating societies.[154] The first fraternity chapter founded at UVA was
Delta Kappa Epsilon in 1852, and it was quickly followed by many more; the University of Virginia was the birthplace of two national fraternities,
Kappa Sigma and
Pi Kappa Alpha, which exist at the university to this day.[155][156][157] Through the twentieth century, the Greek system at UVA evolved to encompass social sororities, professional fraternities and sororities, service fraternities, honor societies, black fraternities and sororities, and multicultural fraternities and sororities. Roughly 30% of the student body are members of social Greek organizations, with additional students involved with service, professional, and honor fraternities.[158]Rush and pledging occur in the spring semester for most organizations. Three social fraternities hold reserved rooms on the Lawn.[159]

Athletics

The Cavaliers lead the 15-team
Atlantic Coast Conference in NCAA championships for men's sports with 18, and are second in women's sports with seven.[160] They have been the Cavaliers
since 1923, predating the NBA's
Cleveland Cavaliers by five decades, and have competed in the ACC since 1953. The Athletic Director is
Craig Littlepage, the first
African American to hold that position anywhere in the ACC when hired in August 2001. Since then, UVA has added many significant hires who have demonstrated success near the top of their respective sports, including
Tony Bennett,
Brian O'Connor,
Bronco Mendenhall, Lars Tiffany, Todd DeSorbo, and
Brian Boland, who led UVA men's tennis to an undefeated run of 140–0 in ACC matches spanning more than an entire decade (2006–2016), unprecedented in any sport.[161] Among coaches who have longer tenures,
George Gelnovatch has won two NCAA men's soccer national titles since 2009. Steve Swanson has led women's soccer teams to six ACC titles and 24 consecutive winning seasons. Kevin Sauer has led UVA women's rowing to two NCAA titles since 2010 and nine consecutive Top 6 national finishes as of 2015[update].

The 'Hoos, as their sports teams are known colloquially, have one of the most dedicated fanbases in the region, drawing large crowds to sporting events that don't typically receive the amount of recognition as football or basketball (events like tennis). The rabid fanbase has supporters all over the country, including a particularly dedicated contingent from New York City.

UVA lacrosse has won 10 national championships, including 8 national titles since NCAA oversight began.

Championships

In the 21st century alone, UVA has won twelve NCAA team national championships. The men's teams have won recent NCAA titles in baseball (2015); soccer (2014 and 2009); lacrosse (2011, 2006, and 2003); and tennis (2017, 2016, 2015, and 2013). UVA women have won recent NCAA titles in lacrosse (2004) and rowing (2012 and 2010).

Under
Tony Bennett the Cavaliers have experienced a basketball renaissance, winning the ACC Tournament in 2014 (over Duke) and 2018 (over North Carolina) and outright regular season championships in 2014, 2015, and 2018. UVA recently became just the third program in ACC history, after Duke and UNC, to win 30 or more games in consecutive seasons.

Rivalries

Official ACC designated rivalry games include the
Virginia–Virginia Tech rivalry and the brand new Virginia–
Louisville series. These two rivalries are guaranteed home-and-away games each year in all sports but football, in which there is a guaranteed annual game. The Cavaliers competed against the Hokies in the Commonwealth Challenge and more recently compete in the Commonwealth Clash, under new rules, for many sports in which they compete head-to-head. The Cavaliers were 2–0 against the Hokies in the Challenge and are 2–2 in the Clash (4–2 overall) as of 2018[update]. Perhaps the most significant rivalry game ever played against the Hokies was on March 1, 2007. The two teams played a men's college basketball game in which the winner would clinch at least a share of the ACC regular season title. UVA won the game 69–56 and took their fifth (of now eight) ACC titles. The stakes have never been so high, yet, for the annual football game to contest the rivalry's
Commonwealth Cup which has been dominated by the opposition in recent history.

In addition to these, the Virginia football team competes in the
South's Oldest Rivalry against
North Carolina, an old and historic rivalry game which a sitting President of the United States,
Calvin Coolidge, made time to attend in Charlottesville in 1924. UVA currently trails in the long series against both North Carolina and Virginia Tech however, a lasting vestige of the period when
Colgate Darden de-emphasized football and turned down a bid to the
1952 Orange Bowl at a time when
Art Guepe was attaining national top 10 rankings for Virginia football and regularly beating both of its primary rivals by scores such as 34–7 and 44–0. The 1960s and 1970s were thus particularly dark decades for the football program, which later experienced a resurgence in the 1980s and 1990s under
George Welsh. Coach Welsh led the program to most of its bowl bids beginning with the very first it was able to accept, the
1984 Peach Bowl. Welsh, who even attained several AP No. 1 rankings for the program throughout October 1990, is now a member of the
College Football Hall of Fame after ranking second for most wins in ACC history behind
Bobby Bowden of Florida State.[167] In a historic rivalry between two legendary coaches, Welsh finished two games up in the head-to-head series against Virginia Tech coach
Frank Beamer, 8–6. He was also downright dominant against UNC in the South's Oldest Rivalry, finishing 13–5–1, including a perfect 10–0 record against North Carolina at
Scott Stadium.

Sponsorship

The Cavaliers are sponsored by
Nike, from which the program receives $3.5 million per year.[168]

People

Faculty

Faculty were originally housed in the
Academical Village among the students, serving as both instructors and advisors, continuing on to include the McCormick Road Old Dorms, though this has been phased out in favor of undergraduate student resident advisors (RAs). Several of the faculty, however, continue the university tradition of living on Grounds, either on the Lawn in the various Pavilions, or as fellows at one of three residential colleges (
Brown College at Monroe Hill,
Hereford College, and the
International Residential College).

Larry Sabato has, according to The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post, become the most-cited professor in the country by national and regional news organizations, both on the Internet and in print.[172] Civil rights activist
Julian Bond, a professor in the Corcoran Department of History from 1990 to 2012, was the Chairman of the
NAACP from 1998 to 2009 and was chosen to host the Nobel Laureates conference in 1998.

Alumni

As of December 2014[update], the University of Virginia has 221,000 living graduates.[9] According to a study by researchers at the Darden School and Stanford University, UVA alumni have founded over 65,000 companies which have employed 2.3 million people worldwide with annual global revenues of $1.6 trillion.[9] Extrapolated numbers show companies founded by UVA alumni have created 371,000 jobs in the state of Virginia alone.[9] The relatively small amount that the Commonwealth gives UVA for support was determined by the study to have a tremendous
return on investment for the state.[9]

^
abSmith, Stephen (September 4, 2017).
"Shackled Legacy: History shows slavery helped build many U.S. colleges and universities". American Public Media. Retrieved June 9, 2018. The university bought a number slaves to work with free black and white laborers. Slaves did all facets of the work, leveling the ground, planing the timber, quarrying the stone and firing the bricks. [...] More than 100 slaves worked on campus at a given time, serving more than 600 students and faculty, records show.

^
abEncyclopedia Virginia
President Edwin AldermanArchived December 28, 2011, at the
Wayback Machine. "By the turn of the 20th century the administrative affairs had grown to such an extent that the old form of government became too cumbersome. The appointment of Alderman brought a new era of progressivism to the university and service to Virginia." Retrieved January 25, 2012

^The Hook, a Charlottesville weekly, posted a series of articles detailing events as they occurred, collected at Hawes Spencer.
"The Ousting of a President". The Hook.
Archived from the original on November 13, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2014.(2012-13)

^UVa's main grounds lie on the border of the City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County. Although maps may include this area within the city boundaries, most of it legally is in the county. Exceptions include the University Hospital, built in 1989 on land that remains part of the city. Detailed PDF maps are available at: "Space and Real Estate Management: GIS Mapping". University of Virginia. Retrieved April 25, 2008. See also: Loper, George (July 2001).
"Geographical Jurisdiction". Signs of the Times. Archived from
the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2008.

^Rector and Visitors of The University of Virginia (1995).
"Chapter 4: University Regulations: Honorary Degrees". Rector and Visitors of The University of Virginia. Archived from
the original on August 31, 2006. Retrieved May 7, 2006. "The University of Virginia does not award honorary degrees. In conjunction with the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, the University presents the Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture and the Thomas Jefferson Award in Law each spring. The awards, recognizing excellence in two fields of interest to Jefferson, constitute the University's highest recognition of scholars outside the University."

^"No honorary degrees is an MIT tradition going back to ... Thomas Jefferson". MIT News Office. June 8, 2001.
Archived from the original on April 14, 2006. Retrieved May 7, 2006.:"MIT's founder, William Barton Rogers, regarded the practice of giving honorary degrees as 'literary almsgiving ... of spurious merit and noisy popularity ...' Rogers was a geologist from the University of Virginia who believed in Thomas Jefferson's policy barring honorary degrees at the university, which was founded in 1819."