Legal with government issued licence for medical or industrial purposes. On April 20, 2016, Health Minister Jane Philpott announced that new legislation would be introduced in spring 2017 to legalize and regulate marijuana. See Legislation: "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act"

Cannabis as a drug is legal to possess, consume, or grow for medicinal purposes under conditions outlined in the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations issued by Health Canada. In June 2015, the City of Vancouver regulated the sale of medical cannabis from municipally licensed dispensaries.

The cultivation of the hemp plant of the genus Cannabis (family Cannabaceae) is currently legal in Canada for seed, grain and fibre production only under licenses issued by Health Canada.