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10.4. Substage and Illuminator

Beneath the stage is the substage, which consists of the condenser, the condenser mount, and the field diaphragm for microscopes with an internal illuminator. Research microscopes allow the condenser to be removed and replaced with a darkfield, phase contrast, or interference contrast condenser. In addition, it allows the condenser to be focused and centered. A sliding dovetail mount or a simple sleeve may be used; however, there must be a provision for centering darkfield condensers and a means for focusing them. Typically, this is accomplished with a rack and pinion.

If the substage does not have an inter changeable condenser mount, the microscope will have limited ability to control lighting or to expand its ...

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