Masjid

How would one characterize Islamic Architecture? How does one describe a mosque? What makes up a mosque? Is a minaret a symbol of Islamic Architecture? What building best describes Islamic Architecture?

While reading about Mosques, I found two different names for Mosques - Masjid and Jami‘. What is the difference between the names? Is one of these types of Mosque "better" or "more important" than the other type? If so; what makes them more important? Are they representative of different schism in Islam, for instance Sunni and Shia names?

My question is about dealing with non-Muslims temples when Islam is in power. It is said in some ḥadīths that don’t destroy the old temples or prayers places of non-Muslims but when Muslims got victory over Mecca the Prophet himself destroyed the idols of many gods which were inside the Kaba. So what was the situation there and in present time what should we do with this issue?