% RANSACFITHOMOGRAPHY - fits 2D homography using RANSAC
%
% Usage: [H, inliers] = ransacfithomography(x1, x2, t)
%
% Arguments:
% x1 - 2xN or 3xN set of homogeneous points. If the data is
% 2xN it is assumed the homogeneous scale factor is 1.
% x2 - 2xN or 3xN set of homogeneous points such that x1x2.
% t - The distance threshold between data point and the model
% used to decide whether a point is an inlier or not.
% Note that point coordinates are normalised to that their
% mean distance from the origin is sqrt(2). The value of
% t should be set relative to this, say in the range
% 0.001 - 0.01
%
% Note that it is assumed that the matching of x1 and x2 are putative and it
% is expected that a percentage of matches will be wrong.
%
% Returns:
% H - The 3x3 homography such that x2 = H*x1.
% inliers - An array of indices of the elements of x1, x2 that were
% the inliers for the best model.
%
% See Also: ransac, homography2d, homography1d
% Copyright (c) 2004-2005 Peter Kovesi
% School of Computer Science & Software Engineering
% The University of Western Australia
% http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/
%
% Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
% of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
% in the Software without restriction, subject to the following conditions:
%
% The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
% all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
%
% The Software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind.
% February 2004 - original version
% July 2004 - error in denormalising corrected (thanks to Andrew Stein)
% August 2005 - homogdist2d modified to fit new ransac specification.
function [H, inliers] = ransacfithomography(x1, x2, t)
if ~all(size(x1)==size(x2))
error('Data sets x1 and x2 must have the same dimension');
end
[rows,npts] = size(x1);
if rows~=2 & rows~=3
error('x1 and x2 must have 2 or 3 rows');
end
if npts < 4
error('Must have at least 4 points to fit homography');
end
if rows == 2 % Pad data with homogeneous scale factor of 1
x1 = [x1; ones(1,npts)];
x2 = [x2; ones(1,npts)];
end
% Normalise each set of points so that the origin is at centroid and
% mean distance from origin is sqrt(2). normalise2dpts also ensures the
% scale parameter is 1. Note that 'homography2d' will also call
% 'normalise2dpts' but the code in 'ransac' that calls the distance
% function will not - so it is best that we normalise beforehand.
[x1, T1] = normalise2dpts(x1);
[x2, T2] = normalise2dpts(x2);
s = 4; % Minimum No of points needed to fit a homography.
fittingfn = @homography2d;
distfn = @homogdist2d;
degenfn = @isdegenerate;
% x1 and x2 are 'stacked' to create a 6xN array for ransac
[H, inliers] = ransac([x1; x2], fittingfn, distfn, degenfn, s, t);
% Now do a final least squares fit on the data points considered to
% be inliers.
H = homography2d(x1(:,inliers), x2(:,inliers));
% Denormalise
H = T2\H*T1;
%----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Function to evaluate the symmetric transfer error of a homography with
% respect to a set of matched points as needed by RANSAC.
function [inliers, H] = homogdist2d(H, x, t);
x1 = x(1:3,:); % Extract x1 and x2 from x
x2 = x(4:6,:);
% Calculate, in both directions, the transfered points
Hx1 = H*x1;
invHx2 = H\x2;
% Normalise so that the homogeneous scale parameter for all coordinates
% is 1.
x1 = hnormalise(x1);
x2 = hnormalise(x2);
Hx1 = hnormalise(Hx1);
invHx2 = hnormalise(invHx2);
d2 = sum((x1-invHx2).^2) + sum((x2-Hx1).^2);
inliers = find(abs(d2) < t);
%----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Function to determine if a set of 4 pairs of matched points give rise
% to a degeneracy in the calculation of a homography as needed by RANSAC.
% This involves testing whether any 3 of the 4 points in each set is
% colinear.
function r = isdegenerate(x)
x1 = x(1:3,:); % Extract x1 and x2 from x
x2 = x(4:6,:);
r = ...
iscolinear(x1(:,1),x1(:,2),x1(:,3)) | ...
iscolinear(x1(:,1),x1(:,2),x1(:,4)) | ...
iscolinear(x1(:,1),x1(:,3),x1(:,4)) | ...
iscolinear(x1(:,2),x1(:,3),x1(:,4)) | ...
iscolinear(x2(:,1),x2(:,2),x2(:,3)) | ...
iscolinear(x2(:,1),x2(:,2),x2(:,4)) | ...
iscolinear(x2(:,1),x2(:,3),x2(:,4)) | ...
iscolinear(x2(:,2),x2(:,3),x2(:,4));