The elogium was the physiological process in which a female Ocampa became sexually mature, similar to puberty in Humans. The elogium happened only once in a lifetime - usually between the ages of four and five years. An Ocampa female needed to conceive during this time if she was to have a child. In order to prepare the female for conception, a mitral sac - where the offspring would grow - started developing in the posterior part of the neck. Some side effects of this condition included high fever, hypertension, a dangerously elevated heartbeat, and delirium with elements of anxiety and paranoia. A significant increase in appetite for strange food sources also developed. Perspiration, changes in eye color, and discoloration of the skin surrounding the eyes may have also been evident.

The Doctor performs the rolissisin

An Ocampan ritual to prepare a woman before conceiving was the rolissisin, in which the feet were massaged until the tongue swelled. This task was usually performed by the woman's father. The rolissisin was performed soon after the appearance of the ipasaphor. This bonding ritual was a time during which parent and child moved into a new kind of relationship, for when the child had her own child, the parent acknowledged her true adulthood. After the ipasaphor appeared, there were only fifty hours to begin the mating process, which consisted of the female remaining bonded to her mate for six days to ensure conception.

It was never actually explained how the Ocampa could survive as a species given the nature of the elogium, as it was explicitly stated that it would only occur once in an Ocampan's natural life, meaning the population would drop by half each generation. This, combined with their short lifespan, would normally cause a species to become extinct in a relatively short time. It is entirely possible that multiple births were possible (and, in fact, would need to be common) among the Ocampa, but this was never mentioned and dialogue suggested that Kes expected to only have one child.

In 2371, when the USS Voyager encountered a swarm of space-dwelling lifeforms, Kes' metabolic activities accelerated and she went through her elogium prematurely. In Kes' case, the rolissisin was performed by The Doctor because neither of her parents were present on Voyager. She wanted to mate with her partner, Neelix, who was initially somewhat unsure about becoming a father. However, when Voyager got out of the swarm, Kes' elogium stopped. The Doctor theorized that since it was brought on by an outside source, she would still be able to conceive at the proper age. (VOY: "Elogium")