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Ethical Implication of Technology

Developmentsin technology usually do not in themselves raise ethical or moral issues. Instead it is the use to which theseDevelopmentsare put which raises basic questions, and from the perspective of history almost any use of a product of technological innovation can be made into a moral issue. A good illustration of this is the button which developed in the late medieval period. On the surface the button seems harmless enough, yet the Old Order Amish felt it was wrong to wear buttons because they were not mentioned in the Bible. Wearing or not wearing buttons became a moral issue for them. These latestDevelopmentsare all covered in theManagement homework helpandassignment helpattranstutors.com.

Fortunately few people adopted the attitudes of the Old Order Amish. Moreover the Old Order Amish, like most of the rest of us, were inconsistent. The horse drawn plow is not mentioned in the Bible, neither are buggies, nor iron pots for cooking, iron stoves, or chimneys, neither glass windows nor any number of other things developed after the Christian Bible was committed to writing. The point of this illustration is to emphasize that we, both as individuals and a society, select the kind of technological issues on which we take a stand.

What kind ofethical issuesshould we be concerned with? One such issue is the traditional one associated with technological change and which goes by the term Luddism. The term originated from a series of disturbances in Yorkshire in England in 1812 when croppers (shearmen) endeavored to stem the rapid rise and installation of the cloth dressing machinery. Though the Luddites ultimately were unsuccessful in preventing technological innovation, and the name often seems to imply a kind of blind unreasoning opposition to technological change, it is often forgotten that they had good reasons for their hostility. Though we regard the devices about which they were protesting as ultimately helpful, we forget that a single spinning Jenny displaced some nine or ten warp spinners and thirteen or fourteen abb (weft) spinners while a scribbling engine displaced fifteen or sixteen scribblers. One man using a gig mill could do what a dozen shearmen had done before, while the shearing frame made an additional three or four shearmen redundant. Scribblers and shearmen each accounted for around IS percent of the pre-industrial adult male work force in England, and so the result was a massive displacement as the men involved in such situations found their skills useless and their labor superfIous when new machinery was introduced. This, to my mind, raises a moral issue which no humanist can ignore, although it is not the introduction of the technologicalDevelopmentswhich raise the moral issue, but the lack of concern over what happens to the people involved. Technological development tends to imply change, and often this ultimately is for the better, but we need to be concerned about what happens to the individual during such a period of change.

The Luddite problem is a continuing one, and is very much part of the American scene today as computers, robotics, and otherDevelopments, are forcing rapid Humanism Today technological change in traditional American industries from printing to the manufacture of steel, from mining to agriculture, from retailing to the professions. Humanists need to put forth both sides of the dispute, and emphasize the necessity of reeducation and compensation for those displaced.

Sometimes technological change will probably be slower than we want it to be. Our moral concern is with the victims of technological change. Some uses of technological innovation have the possibility of having many more innocent victims than others. A good example has been the use of nuclear technology. It has great potential for helpful uses and also for tremendous harm. The moral issue is clear, at least in my mind. We oppose thoseDevelopmentswhich have the potential for killing vast numbers of people, and try to make certain that the so called "peaceful" uses of atomic power have enough safeguards to prevent contamination of the environment and the people in the area.

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