Engineering the physical properties of particles, especially their size, is an important parameter in the fabrication of successful carrier systems for the delivery of therapeutics. Here, various routes were explored for the fabrication of particles in the nanosize regime. It was demonstrated that the use of a charged species and/or solvent with high dielectric constant can influence the size and distribution of particles, with the charged species having a greater effect on the size of the particles and the solvent a greater effect on the distribution of the particles. In addition to the fabrication of nanoparticles, their fractionation into specific size ranges using centrifugation was also investigated. The in vitro particle uptake and intracellular transport of these nanoparticles was studied as a function of size and incubation period. The highest level of intralysosomal localization was observed for the smallest nanoparticle group (average of 174 nm), followed by the groups with increasing sizes (averages of 378 and 575 nm), most likely due to the faster endosomal uptake of smaller particles. In addition, the internalization of nanoparticle clusters and number of nanoparticles per cell increased with longer incubation periods. This work establishes a technological approach to compartmentalized nanoparticles with defined sizes. This is especially important as relatively subtle differences in size can modulate cell uptake and determine intercellular fate. Future work will need to address the role of specific targeting ligands on cellular uptake and intracellular transport of compartmentalized nanoparticles.

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 30. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 19 July 2016.

All research outputs

#626,325

of 14,458,612 outputs

Outputs from Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

#6

of 110 outputs

Outputs of similar age

#17,456

of 265,882 outputs

Outputs of similar age from Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

#1

of 12 outputs

Altmetric has tracked 14,458,612 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 95th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.

So far Altmetric has tracked 110 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.8. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its peers.

Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 265,882 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 93% of its contemporaries.

We're also able to compare this research output to 12 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 91% of its contemporaries.