Retrobulbar hematoma

A premature infant born at 31 weeks' gestational age was evaluated for periocular laceration and retrobulbar hematoma secondary to injury during a percutaneous fetal procedure. He later developed optic nerve atrophy.

INTRODUCTION: Retrobulbar hematoma (RBH), a rare but serious condition, can result in permanent vision loss. Although it is a known complication following trauma or facial fracture reduction, sinus surgery, or blepharoplasty, factors related to patient outcomes are not well-defined. A systematic review was performed to determine the relation of patient/treatment factors to outcomes. METHODS: Articles retrieved from a PubMed search (1989-2017) were reviewed. Demographic information, etiology, symptoms, and final vision outcomes were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests, single and multiple predictor logistic regression...

BACKGROUND: Among coagulation disorders, primary fibrinogen deficiency is very rare in dogs. It is divided into hypofibrinogenemia, afibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia. Afibrinogenemia has been described in three dogs. There are, however, no published case reports of primary hypofibrinogenemia in dogs. CASE PRESENTATION: A 1.5 year-old male German Pointer dog was evaluated for a locked-jaw syndrome associated with eye protrusion which appeared after a minor head trauma...

PURPOSE: Retrobulbar hematoma is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication following repair of orbital fractures. Since 2007, the senior author routinely fenestrates the solid porous polyethylene implants commonly used for orbital reconstruction. The perforated implant may facilitate drainage of postoperative bleeding and may potentially reduce the risk of retrobulbar hematoma. This study examines the rates of retrobulbar hematoma in patients who underwent orbital fracture reconstruction with placement of fenestrated or nonfenestrated implants...

Orbital fractures are a common result of facial trauma. Sequelae and indications for repair include enophthalmos and/or diplopia from extraocular muscle entrapment. Alloplastic implant placement with careful release of periorbital fat and extraocular muscles can effectively restore extraocular movements, orbital integrity, and anatomic volume. However, rare but devastating complications such as retrobulbar hematoma (RBH) can occur after repair, which pose a risk of permanent vision loss if not addressed emergently...

This case report discusses the case of a 23-year-old male patient who experienced retrobulbar pain, diplopia, proptosis, and mild lower eyelid bruising after consuming 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. The symptoms settled over 10 days and vision returned to normal without intervention. The authors discuss the differential diagnosis relevant to the presenting complaints and propose several mechanisms linking 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine use to spontaneous nontraumatic intraorbital hematoma.

BACKGROUND: The oculocardiac reflex is a decrease in heart rate caused by ocular compression or traction upon the extraocular musculature. Multiple instances of this phenomenon have been described in anesthesia, trauma, craniofacial, and ophthalmology literature, but there is a sparsity of documentation in the emergency medicine literature. CASE REPORT: We describe the observation and management of the oculocardiac reflex in a 26-year-old man with retrobulbar hematoma and intraocular trauma caused by a self-inflicted gunshot wound...

This article aims to bring attention to the morbidity and fatality of hemorrhage, how expanding hematoma and air compromise neck/face N/F injuries and present challenges. Large neck vessel ballistic injuries may lead to hemorrhage and expanding hematoma, resulting in airway compromise, due to injuries to the internal and/or external carotid arteries, internal jugular veins "internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, internal jugular vein," and the external carotid artery deep branches. This also leads to injuries to the cervical fascial layers (barriers of deep spaces) that facilitate pooling blood and hematoma into compartmental and large potential space which effects the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and trachea...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical findings and management of a case of retrobulbar hematoma formation secondary to performance of a maxillary nerve block in a dog. CASE SUMMARY: An 11-year-old dog was presented for a routine dental procedure including dental extraction to be performed under general anesthesia. After premedication with intramuscular methadone, anesthesia was induced with intravenous alfaxalone until depth of anesthesia was sufficient to allow orotracheal intubation...

BACKGROUND: Limitation in performing restoration of orbital structures is the narrow, deep, and dark surgical field, which makes it difficult to view the operative site directly. To avoid perioperative complications from this limitation, the authors have evaluated the usefulness of computer-assisted navigation techniques in surgical treatment of blowout fracture. METHODS: Total 37 patients (14 medial orbital wall fractures and 23 inferior orbital wall fractures) with facial deformities had surgical treatment under the guide of navigation system between September 2012 and January 2015...

We evaluate the safety and efficacy of the transcaruncular approach for reconstruction of medial orbital wall fractures and the combined transcaruncular-transconjunctival approach for reconstruction of large orbital defects involving the medial wall and floor. A retrospective review of the clinical and radiographic data of patients who underwent either a transcaruncular or a combined transcaruncular-transconjunctival approach by a single surgeon for orbital fractures between June 2007 and June 2013 was undertaken...

Spontaneous retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare phenomenon observed after surgery not directly involving the orbit. When it occurs, presentation is usually obvious, and it carries high morbidity unless emergent and timely surgical treatment is instituted. There are only a handful of cases associated with cardiac surgery, and to our knowledge no cases with heart transplantation. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation for peripartum cardiomyopathy and developed spontaneous retrobulbar hemorrhage...

Posttraumatic carotid-cavernous fistula is a very rare complication that can occur in patients with craniomaxillofacial trauma. Symptoms involve headache, diplopia, ptosis of the upper lid, conjunctival chemosis, pulsating exophthalmos, and ophthalmoplegia. Diagnosis can be challenging because various pathologic entities can present with similar symptoms such as superior orbital fissure syndrome, orbital apex syndrome, retrobulbar hematoma, and cavernous sinus syndrome. However, accurate and early diagnosis is of utmost importance because treatment delay may lead to blindness or permanent neurologic deficits...

BACKGROUND: Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare complication of midface injury, blepharoplasty, facial fracture surgery, periorbital surgery, and circumbulbar anesthesia. The incidence of postoperative retrobulbar hemorrhage is 0.3% to 4% after the reduction of facial bone fracture. The purpose of this study was to estimate the postoperative bleeding after the reduction of a blowout fracture and to demonstrate the effectiveness of a negative-pressure drainage system with a scalp vein set tube...

In endoscopic sinus surgery, the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) is usually identified as it traverses obliquely across the fovea ethmoidalis, posterior to the bulla ethmoidalis and anterior to or within the ground lamella's attachment to the skull base. Injury to the AEA may result in hemorrhage, retraction of the AEA into the orbit, and a retrobulbar hematoma. The resulting increase in intraorbital pressure may threaten vision. Waardenburg's syndrome (WS) is a rare congenital, autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, distinguished by characteristic facial features, pigmentation abnormalities, and profound, congenital, sensorineural hearing loss...

The retrobulbar hematoma is a rare complication after orbital surgery. Despite of its rareness, the retrobulbar hematoma may be disastrous to the patient's vision (Chen et al. in J Craniofac Surg 20:963--967, 2009). Since 2007, I have applied the combined use of a scalp vein set and a vacuumed blood sampling bottle in all of the orbital surgeries. In my study, I achieved a good result, and I will introduce this simple method as one of alternatives for the prevention from the postoperative intraorbital hematoma including the retrobulbar hematoma...

We experienced and report on a case of retrobulbar hematoma caused by bleeding from the orbital branch of the infraorbital artery after a medial orbital wall reconstruction.A healthy 28-year-old man struck his left eye while playing baseball before admission. A computed tomographic scan revealed an approximately 13 × 12-mm-sized fracture of the left orbit medial wall. The medial orbit wall was reconstructed through a subciliary approach on the 18th day after the injury. Approximately 15 hours after the orbit wall reconstruction, the patient complained of pain in the left orbital area, headache, and vomiting...