Firearm reviews, maintenance, and modification

Firearms

It’s often been said that two things in life are certain: death and taxes. Make it three: death, taxes, and ever-increasing prices of cheap, powerful centerfire rifles. For that reason, the Turkish M38 Mauser remains one of the best values in the whole firearms market. If you come across one in serviceable condition for $200 or less and you don’t already have at least two of these incredible rifles, buy it. Even if you simply stash it for resale later, you will more than likely profit on the deal as the incoming supply of old war rifles grows smaller every year and politicians become increasingly eager to fuel gun-buying hysteria.

Think about it: how many other battle rifles can be bought for approximately $200 in good condition? Just three that I’m aware of: the Turkish Mauser, its kissing cousin M24/M48 from Yugoslavia patterned on the K98 (price depends on a number of variables), and the ubiquitous Mosin Nagant. Value for money alone is reason enough to buy a Turk, especially for those on a budget.

Still skeptical about a cheap, powerful, good-looking centerfire rifle for an extremely reasonable price with an illustrious history and potential to make money on the deal as time marches on like the soldiers that held it prior? Don’t worry, the Turk has you covered with more positives than you can shake your stick of butter at. Almost as if it’s been greased with butter, the Mauser action operates so smoothly that my particular rifle’s bolt can be worked easily with just one finger and with complete reliability every time the action is cycled. I have never experienced a failure to feed or failure to eject with my rifle and it is a fair assumption that most others in good condition will function equally flawlessly as well. Next to Nagants, Mausers are essentially the AK-47 of bolt guns, but with loads more refinement. You can even stick a big giant bayonet on the end of it! This pairing has many potential functional uses: backscratcher, channel changer (for those times when the remote is just too far away), toothpick, and zombie poker, among many others.

Five feet of reach before firing makes for quite a formidable rifle.

Very few, if any, modern rifles can claim such smoothness. This may be due in part to the straight bolt handle, which has unfortunately died out due to bent bolts necessary for scoped guns and the prevalence of semiautomatic rifles. Not to say that straight bolts are superior to their angled brethren; far from the contrary, in fact. There is just something incredibly satisfying about yanking that straight piece of steel to cycle another round into the chamber as the extractor flings brass into next week. Rifles such as this are where the contrived “this car shifter feels like a rifle bolt” expression comes from. There are not many higher compliments that can be paid to a rifle’s action.

However, a great action is nothing without accuracy to match. Given a stable rest, my poor eyesight, good handloads, and narrow open sights, my rifle printed groups measuring approximately two inches at 100 yards. Predictably, it was able to ring an eight inch plate at 200 yards with authority. A six pound, eleven ounce two-stage trigger provides consistent and even pulls that take the guesswork out of shooting accurately. The first three or so pounds of the pull provide the take-up (this is merely the rifle asking, “Are you sure this is what you want me to shoot, boss?”), and the remaining four break like glass. In short, the rifle shoots better than I can and I have no doubt that group size would shrink if given a magnified optic. As an added bonus, my rifle’s front sight was already adjusted for 100 yards when I bought it and did not require adjustment like some of its period brethren that were intended for longer engagements.

With all these positive aspects, there is just one negative: the cost and availability of quality non-corrosive 8×57 Mauser ammunition. Ordinary Remington factory ammo, et al. is roughly $35 per box of 20 rounds, which is frankly ridiculous considering that approaches the cost of common magnum rounds. This is due mostly to lack of demand for factory production 8mm Mauser, which has steeply cut the supply and jacked up the price accordingly. Handloading is consequently one of the most cost-effective methods for obtaining consistently accurate rounds at a price that will not break the bank, though sourcing components at an affordable price can occasionally be challenging. My personal favorite load that I have found to be safe, accurate, and powerful is 51 grains of IMR 4064 topped with a 150 grain Sierra Pro-Hunter in Prvi Partizan brass. If handloading is not an option, Prvi Partizan (PPU) factory ammunition is a viable alternative that will provide good results as well. It can commonly be found at gun shows for approximately $18 per box of 20, which in turn makes it one of the most economical full-power centerfire calibers to shoot. That’s a bargain if I’ve ever seen one.

As far as customization is concerned, the only limit is the height of your imagination and the depth of your pockets. If I were to hypothetically ruin…errr, customize my rifle, I would shorten the barrel to twenty four inches, put it into a more modern (possibly synthetic) stock, and clamp a no-drill rail on the rear sight in order to accommodate something like a See All Open Sight. While Turkish Mausers are relatively cheap, plentiful, and generally receptive to modification, I personally think they are best enjoyed in their original form. Being as though these are not made anymore, it would be a shame to see a good specimen fall under Bubba’s knife.

While you won’t exactly be clearing houses with one any time soon due to its size, the Turk Mauser can still excel in many areas as a hunting rifle, range toy, or intermediate range precision instrument if so equipped for such duty. Given that fact, there is little to no reason not to buy one, or even a few if financially feasible. The Mauser action does not have its impeccable reputation for nothing. Strike while the iron is hot and the demand is not.

BUYER BEWARE: If possible, avoid buying 8mm Mausers of any type that were made prior to 1905, as these are most likely chambered for an earlier version of the cartridge that uses a .318 diameter bore (as opposed to the more modern .323 diameter). Shooting a .323 bullet in a .318 bore will cause immense damage to the rifle in addition to the distinct possibility of injuring the operator. Unless you’re prepared to go through the time and expense of securing proper .318 ammunition, older 8mm Mausers will most likely be relegated to duty as wall-hangers, which is a job they will do quite admirably.

Specs

Unloaded weight: 8.5 lbs.

Overall length (OAL): 49 inches

Barrel length: 28 ¼ inches

Caliber: 8x57mm Mauser (.323 diameter)

Trigger pull: 6 pounds, 11 ounces

Magazine capacity: 5 rounds

Finish (or what’s left of it): Blued

Price: $200 (more or less depending on condition and your haggling skills, or some combination thereof)

Every man needs a rifle. Some would even go so far as to say that the rifle makes a man. If that’s the case, why not have one of the manliest guns that has ever dared to exist? Enter the 91/30 Mosin Nagant, a 120 year-old design with a legacy that eclipses nearly every other semi-modern firearm. Mauser? Get a cat. Springfield? What is that, some sort of retreat for pansies? Garands? Mmmm, cinnamon rolls. Where was I? Oh right, the history lesson.

Beautiful bunch, ain’t it?

For the uninitiated, the Mosin Nagant is the rifle that really won World War II for the Allies alongside General Winter. It shot, stabbed, and crushed its way through the Third Reich in the harshest battlefield conditions imaginable and kept on chugging in frontline Russian military service as a sniper/designated marksman weapon until 1963 when it was officially replaced by its handier semiautomatic grandson with which it shares a caliber, the SVD Dragunov. Even the NVA and Viet Cong utilized Nagant-based PU sniper rifles to great effect in the Vietnam War. Since then, the Mosin Nagant has enjoyed a resurgence in popularity among shooters looking for cheap entry into the world of centerfire rifles. That’s essentially the same thing as your grandfather working his entire life until he’s 70 years old and then taking up ultramarathons as a hobby on the side (assuming he’s made of steel and wood, of course, which some men back then practically were). This is all well and good in theory; the allure of a good-looking, yet virtually unbreakable gun is a powerful force indeed.

However, there are a few things you should know about Natasha before you pull the creepy, stiff, and sometimes mushy trigger to bring her home in your arms. She is not to be treated like any old internet bride, bought sight unseen unless the seller is completely honest about the condition and any issues that may possibly crop up, as Natasha can sometimes be in the habit of hiding things. Because 37 million of these rifles were made and a large majority have sat in storage for decades, the condition varies so widely between examples that some can pose more of a threat to the operator than they do to the potential target. This virtually eliminates most online purchases (with the exception of reputable dealers) for that reason. You don’t buy an old car without kicking the tires first and Natasha is no different.

When scoping out a potential purchase, the first thing you must do is check the condition of the bore. Pull the bolt rearward as far as it will travel and depress the trigger, then continue to pull the bolt out of the receiver. Look down the bore into a light source, carefully checking for excessive pitting and worn down grooves in the rifling. It’s almost a given that an average Nagant will not produce accuracy that is anything to write home about unless it’s been given the tender loving care it deserves. If the barrel has been completely shot out or is pitted beyond contempt, you may be able to hit the barn if you’re inside the building and pressing the muzzle to it.

If the bore of your perspective purchase doesn’t look like this or slightly worse, look for something in better shape.

The same can be said for the tip of the muzzle. If the crown is beat to hell or there is evidence of counterboring (a smooth section with no rifling), you’re better off with a different specimen because both of these conditions can pose a serious detriment to accuracy. A beat-up crown or improperly counterbored rifle will cause the bullet to ‘keyhole’ as it impacts the target due to the barrel’s failure to stabilize it as it leaves the muzzle, which will consequently have terrible effects on group sizes. In addition to openings in group size and keyholing, degradations in the rifling and the crown that fail to stabilize the bullet create the oft-purported devastating wounds created by 7.62x54R. If the bullet tumbles through the air on the way to the target, it creates a dramatic wound channel upon impact. This is not an inherent property of the round itself, but rather a side effect of a poorly cared for barrel. You want Natasha to be as good or even better of a shooter than you are and a rusted smoothbore tube screwed to your rifle is the best way to ensure that doesn’t happen.

This crown is just a few jewels shy of being a thing of beauty.

Next, you will need to check that the rifle in question is headspaced properly so that it doesn’t spontaneously transform into grenade or shoot the bullet in one direction and the bolt back out of the gun in the other. Headspacing is absolutely crucial to ensuring the rifle operates safely and only requires a headspace gauge between the chamber and the bolt face. Once the barrel checks out, reinsert the bolt into the receiver (depressing the trigger allows it to return to the normal operating position) and insert the headspace gauge. If the bolt closes on a no-go or field type headspace gauge, put the rifle down and find another. Your fingers, face, and wallet will thank you.

Assuming that everything is good up to this point, begin to look at the overall fit and function of the gun. If the action is relatively smooth and the pieces look like they were fit together by an actual human being with even a vague understanding of what the word ‘tolerances’ means, you’re in pretty good shape. Pre-WWII manufactured rifles are preferable due to higher factory standards during peacetime that allowed for more time to be spent crafting each rifle as opposed to simply churning them out, quality be damned. Keep in mind that these were made by the same country that couldn’t guarantee every soldier a rifle during wartime, so quality control certainly wasn’t the biggest priority. Stamped (as opposed to “electropenciled” digits, which were employed to force-match parts) matching serial numbers are a bonus for both collector value and ensuring all the parts play well with one another, as evidenced by conditions such as poor bolt lock-up, non-functioning safety, or a host of other ills. Discord among the ranks of parts does not a happy operator make. In addition, keep an eye out for rifles with hexagonal receivers or markings indicating it was made by Remington or New England Westinghouse Company, as these factors increase the value (especially the latter two). Rifles that have been fettled by the Finns fetch a pretty penny as well.

Electropencil numbers on the left, stamped numbers on the right.

When handling a potential purchase candidate, don’t be dissuaded by the feel of the trigger, even though you will be fortunate to find one that consistently breaks in the neighborhood of seven to eight pounds. That is easily remedied with some sanding in crucial places on the trigger sear, but that will be covered at another time. Before making a purchase, make sure the rear tang of the receiver fits in well with the top of the grip area of the stock. A large gap between the tang and the stock will impair accuracy because that void lets the whole action recoil inside the stock as the bullet travels down the barrel. An action that recoils within the stock under recoil is no good for precision.

Avoid gaps between the rear tang of the receiver and the stock.

One thing that bears mentioning is Natasha’s longstanding relationship with her good friend cosmoline. Ol’ Cosmo will be a pain in your ass initially, until you realize it’s solely responsible for keeping Natasha fresh and invigorated through retirement, in which case you begin to appreciate it. Until the first time you get the rifle hot (which won’t take very long, due to the relatively thin profile of the barrel)and your bolt jams due to cosmoline seeping out, that is. Fear not: all it takes to break up Natasha’s decades-long marriage with Cosmo is a toothbrush, some hot water, and a magical solvent called Brakleen that can be found at most any auto parts store worth its salt. Spray the Brakleen on the affected areas, let it sit for a few seconds to dissolve the cosmoline, and then scrub it with the brush under the hot water. Nagant bolts are usually quite sticky because they are packed with goop. A thorough cleaning and disassembly of the bolt and chamber face almost always makes it feel like new. In addition, you may want to refinish the stock by soaking it with a degreasing agent it and giving it a thorough scrub, followed by your choice of stain for a more aesthetically-pleasing color and linseed oil or tung oil for protection. Depending on how you feel about having an unknown Ivan’s 50+ year old sweat stains on your rifle, this step is strictly optional.

Now that she’s not all sticky from past relations with Cosmo and Ivan and you’re reasonably sure Natasha won’t explode in your face like a malevolent girlfriend, it’s time to schlep all eight pounds, four feet to the range. If Ivan could carry it across Russia while merely subsisting on rations that were “guaranteed to keep for years, guaranteed to be loaded with calories, and guaranteed to be hard to chew yet virtually flavorless,” you can haul it around for a few hours. Quit complaining, анютины глазки. Surplus ammo is cheap and readily available, but it comes at the price of corrosion if neglected and lack of accuracy, as well as being constructed with a steel core FMJ projectile. This is largely a nonfactor if you have stock in the company that makes Windex and you’re looking to blast some holes in something for very little money. If you want much more respectable results with none of the surplus drawbacks, however, save yourself the headaches and get thee some Prvi Partizan (PPU) brass cased ammunition Brown Bear lead nose hunting rounds, or reload like a real man. This is especially critical if armor-piercing rounds are verboten at your chosen shooting venue. The range masters won’t take kindly to you slowly but surely transforming their steel into something resembling but not as tasty as swiss cheese.

Pictured: Prvi Partizan vs. surplus

Most shooters will slap a target on something at 100 yards, claw through the marshy swamp that is the trigger, and be distressed to find that the round didn’t land anywhere near the ten ring. This is because most Nagants were sighted in from the factory with a 300 yard zero (and some had the bayonet on, while others did not), which means it will be shooting approximately three to four inches high and likely a few inches left at 100 yards. Again, have no fear, for there is a cheap and simple solution to the problem. Find a place that sells cotton ear swabs and buy the type that have a brightly colored plastic tube connecting the middle. Use a small pair of scissors to snip it to the appropriate length (about half an inch long) and then slot it over the front sight. You may need to drill out one end in order for it to fit over the front sight post. Trim it after each shot until your rifle’s elevation is appropriate for a 100 or 200 yard zero, depending on your preference. Use the rest of the swabs to clean your ears or the smaller parts of the rifle. If you think you’ll want to stretch Natasha’s long Russian legs a little bit, put a small dot of fluorescent paint or brightly colored nail polish at the point where the plastic and the tip of the front sight intersect, so as to preserve the original aim point for 300 yards. Explain to your significant other that you need the nail polish for “reasons.” In effect, you now have a vague facsimile of a fiber optic sight except without the whole “fiber optic” part.

This section of cotton swab has been promoted from ear cleaning duty to serving on the front sight.

Alternatively, get a clamp-on rail and inexpensive long eye-relief or ‘scout’ scope (Hi-Lux makes a good one on the cheap, as pictured at the top of the article) for increased accuracy if your eyes let you down as much as mine do. One last thing: if, like me, you have trouble operating the safety (and let’s face it, nearly everyone lacking superhuman strength with fingers of carbotanium and/or proper technique does), you can essentially remove the mechanical safety from the equation altogether without compromising the safety of the firearm by cutting a section of thick rubber tubing, heater hose, etc. into a half-moon shape about two inches long then inserting it behind the trigger and around the rear of the trigger guard in order to prevent the trigger from traveling far enough rearward that it causes a discharge. When you’re ready to fire, just remove the section of hose from behind the trigger. You will find this method is much easier than wrestling with the safety in dismay as your quarry (quadruped or otherwise, depending on the circumstance) escapes with nary a single 7.62mm hole in it or proceeds to put several ancillary ventilation holes in you, after which you will assume room temperature. Natasha exists to make other things assume room temperature. Natasha is simple like that.

This ten-cent piece of rubber will save your non-carbotanium fingers by effectively replacing the much maligned safety.

Side note: when loading the rifle with individual rounds, make sure the rim of the case goes nearly all the way to the rear of the magazine so that it feeds reliably. When loading rounds into the stripper clip, stack the rim of the top case in front of the one below it to avoid a special type of jam called ‘rimlock,’ wherein the rim of the top cartridge runs into the rim below it, which consequently prevents the bolt from picking up rounds in the magazine. Additionally, brass cases tend to feed better than their steel and copper-colored surplus counterparts, as do genuine (non-reproduction) stripper clips. Curves are great on a number of things, but Nagant clips are not one of them. Good stripper clips can be identified by straight lines on the side of the clip and sharp angles within the body that hold the cartridge more securely. When it’s time to load the rifle, lift up on the top round and use it to push down on the rest so they are fully seated in the magazine. Close the bolt and the stripper clip should pop right out. Easy as kulebyaka. If you have followed these instructions up to this point, your groups should look something like this:

My rifle was able to put two rounds right next to one another at 100 yards with open sights and good factory Prvi Partizan ammo. I have no doubt the rifle is capable of better accuracy with proper magnification and handloads.

The more you read about, shoot, and tinker with Nagants, the more you realize that they offer absurd value for money, endless customization, and an addictive ownership experience with history to boot. Удачной охоты, товарищи! (Happy hunting, comrades!)

Other helpful Mosin Nagant resources (that should cover most anything I somehow managed to leave out):

7.62x54R.net (a comprehensive, if a bit dry, guide to the famous Russian rifle and all of its accessories, this represents almost literally everything you could possibly need to know about Nagants): http://7.62x54r.net/MosinID/MosinIDII.htm

The following are the most basic tenets of firearms safety. If you see someone breaking these rules, do the right thing and correct them immediately so they don’t look foolish, or worse still, injure or kill someone accidentally. When you are holding a firearm, YOU are personally responsible for whatever happens while it is in your hands. Thus the phrase, “Guns don’t kill people; people kill people.” Gun safety is no laughing matter: if you refuse to adhere to these rules, you will inevitably end up on the evening news, in prison, and give millions of responsible gun owners around the world a bad name. Accordingly, when a firearm is not in active use:

Visually check the chamber(s) and magazine to make sure it is unloaded. Work the action at least once or twice to verify.

DO NOT point the muzzle of any firearm at anything or anyone you don’t intend to destroy. Even if the firearm is empty, avoid pointing it at people. The only person or animal you should ever point a firearm at is someone that intends to do serious harm to you or your loved ones.

Keep your finger well away from the trigger guard in its entirety until you are sighted on your target and ready to fire.

Verify exactly what your target is and what lies beyond it in the event that your round overpenetrates. You are responsible for every bullet that comes out of your gun and every inch it travels beyond your target.

Assuming you follow these rules religiously, you will be on your way to enjoying firearms safely and responsibly. When proper care is exercised, firearms can be among the most useful, powerful, exciting, safe, and valuable possessions you will ever own.