You ask what "progress" there has been made in (etc.), which implies that you are asking about what developments there has been from some starting point. What is it that you already know? Are you just asking whether there exists some characterization? Do you mind if there isn't a characterization, but a description of some subgroups of the Clifford group which are isomorphic to the Pauli group? Do you care if you get an answer which restricts to inner automorphisms of $\mathrm{GL}(2^n)$ or do you want a more complete theory? What base knowledge are you assuming when you say "progress"?

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