At Utter Access, many of the common problems we see posted by new members can be traced back to a poorly normalized table structure. There are a number of good references already available, including Jerry’s Treatise on NormalizationRecently, I decided to extract a chapter from GPG on Access with a very basic introduction to the concepts behind data modeling and table design. It's available as a PDF: Chapter 3--Data Modeling 101Because it's a 30 page PDF, it tends to load slowly, but I hope it might be useful as a reference.George