Monday, August 3, 2015

Teaching Faith Using Fairy Tales

This past year, I designed a new unit for fables and folk tales, and for the first time, I included fairy tales in the mix. On one of my long drives, I brainstormed a new way to connect all of these literary styles together as a lesson in finding our faith in all that we do. I'm not alone in thinking that fairy tales can be a timeless way of teaching children about the battle between good and evil. Check out these quotes from C.S. Lewis, G.K. Chesterton, and Hans Christian Anderson:

"Since it is so likely that children will
meet cruel enemies let them at least have heard of brave knights and heroic
courage." ~C.S. Lewis

"Every person's life is a fairy tale written by God's fingers." ~Hans Christian Anderson

"Fairy tales, then, are not responsible for
producing in children fear, or any of the shapes of fear; fairy tales do
not give the child the idea of the evil or the ugly; that is in the
child already, because it is in the world already. Fairy tales do not
give the child his first idea of bogey. What fairy tales give the child
is his first clear idea of the possible defeat of bogey. The baby has
known the dragon intimately ever since he had an imagination. What the
fairy tale provides for him is a St. George to kill the dragon. Exactly
what the fairy tale does is this: it accustoms him for a series of
clear pictures to the idea that these limitless terrors had a limit,
that these shapeless enemies have enemies in the knights of God, that
there is something in the universe more mystical than darkness, and
stronger than strong fear.” ~G.K. Chesterton

I wanted this unit to promote independent thinking and offer student choice. I collected a large stack of books from my classroom and our school library and set out with this overall plan:

Days 1-2: Introduction, notetaking on genres, class example using book Many Moons.

Days 3-7: Student and partner choose five books from approved stack, read, and complete a book study on each, recording observations in their unit booklet (printable and key at end of post). Goal was to complete one book each day, allowing for some students to move a little faster or a little slower.

Days 8-9: Assessment strategy using two previously unread books and having students record observations independently to demonstrate understanding.

If you are interested in doing a study like this in your classroom, I'd love to share some more details and ideas with you, as well as a list of some of the books we used. A free printable of the booklet we used throughout the study as well as my "key" is available at the bottom of the post.

On our first two days of study, we had a class discussion about what makes a work of literature fall into the category of fable, folk tale, or fairy tale. Here are the basic ideas that we include in our notes:

Folk Tales:

story passed down by oral tradition from one generation to the next with no known author

folk tales are often specific to the traditions of a culture at a certain time and place

Plot-involves challenges and rewards, explains the world, gives a moral or lesson

Characters- universal (simple) characters, animals, magical

Setting- often in general, non-specific locations in the past ("the forest" "a castle")

universal but unique- similar folk tales can be seen in many cultures

Fables:

folk literature often with animals as characters that teaches a moral or lesson

fables often show quick right vs. wrong situations that are rewarded and punished

Plot- explains the world, explains origins, contains moral

Characters- animals with human characteristics, tricksters

Setting- general and happened a long time ago

tricksters are often specific animals in a culture- spider, wolf, rabbit, fox

Fairy Tales:

folk literature often using royalty and magical people as characters where good wins over evil

fairy tales often show a simple, common, or underappreciated character being rewarded and contains a strong sense of good vs. evil

Plot- often involves impossible task achieved through virtue or self sacrifice, and sometimes help from a magical source

Characters- royalty, magical characters, common people

Setting- often in a magical kingdom long ago

often contains- "once upon a time," "happily ever after," patterns of 3s and 7s, lesson/moral

After discussion those three genres, we had a class discussion about finding our faith in everything that we read (and everywhere else as well!). This unit was taught towards the end of the school year, so we had a year of experiences and discussions to relate back to. Here were the notes that we took about looking for our faith in what we read:

Finding Faith

you should strive to find Christ & your faith in all things, including what you read and watch

look for good vs. evil, reward of virtue, morality

Plot- look for patterns of 3s, 7s, 40s (and other holy numbers), make connections to Bible Stories, connections to Sacraments, and look for messages pointing to a greater truth outside of the story

Characters- look for people who remind you of people from the Bible, Saints, and Christ

Setting- folk tales are often not specific about setting, so you can connect it to any time and place

After completing our notes and discussion, I read aloud the book Many Moons and we found ways to connect this story both to a genre and to our faith. Using that as an example, the kids then chose a partner and were given the task of reading five fables/fairy tales/folk tales over the next five days. I didn't have any set requirements, but encouraged them to try some from varying genres, monitored the difficulty level of the books and encouraged them to go a little easier/more challenging, and also kept an eye on the length of the books that they were choosing to make it fair. Groups with a super short book, for example, might then have to read a couple of short stories from a folk tale collection and verbally compare them for me before going on to their next book study. Again, we did this unit at the end of the year, so they were pretty clear on my expectations for quality work.

When the kids did their book studies, they had the following pages in the unit booklets to record their observations in:

Here is a snap of some student work so you can see how they recorded their observations:

After completing their five books with their partners, we used these two books as assessments. I have used both The Squire and the Scrolland The Princess and the Kiss for kids' retreats at church (A Princess Celebration and Armor of God Retreat), but had not used them specifically in the classroom. As could be expected, the boys thought that the Princess one was a little too girly for their liking, but they survived. :) To gauge their understanding of our unit, we used their Reading/Writing notebooks to record observations from the book as I read it outloud. They could ask me to pause or reread something, but we did not discuss this book until after they had turned in their observations.

I could have made a printable for this activity, but their notebooks worked just as well. The split each page into four sections: evidence of genre, evidence of faith, summary, and opinion/connection. The two evidence sections could be recorded in list form, and the other two had to be in a paragraph. Here are a few examples of student work:

And finally, during the end of the unit and then continuing after, I used The Tale of Despereaux as a read-a-loud, and the kids loved it. There is so much symbolism to talk about, and the simplicity of the beauty of the story is easy to enjoy. I also like how the book tells the story of several different characters and then brings all of the narratives together, which is a good structure to model with kids (as it can often be difficult to follow for lower readers).

How can you not be intrigued by the opening page?

We were easily able to find lots of evidence, symbolism, and themes that connected to our faith in the story of Despereaux. It was a book that the kids enjoyed and was a nice wrap up to our unit.

I think that a unit like this could be taught in many different ways with different levels of kids. Here are the printables that I used in my classroom. If you teach a similar unit, especially if you are at a Catholic/Christian School, I'd love to hear how you teach it, what books you recommend, and how you use it to lead the kids to knowing Christ. Chime in down in the comments!

Click on the image below for the printable that you can use with your own students:

"Not all are called to be artists in the specific sense of the term. Yet, as Genesis has it, all men and women are entrusted with the task of crafting their own life: in a certain sense, they are to make of it a work of art, a masterpiece." -Saint John Paul the Great

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