Five days of eating fatty foods can alter how muscle processes nutrients from food, research

Five days of eating fatty foods can alter how muscle processes nutrients from food, research

Many consumers might think that they can get away with eating fatty foods for a few days without it making any significant changes to the body. However, new research suggests otherwise.

After just five days of eating a high-fat diet, the way in which the body’s muscle processes nutrients changes, which could lead to long-term problems such as weight gain, obesity, and other health issues, a new study from Virginia Tech University has found.

“Most people think they can indulge in high-fat foods for a few days and get away with it,” said Matt Hulver, an associate professor of human nutrition, foods, and exercise in the Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. “But all it takes is five days for your body’s muscle to start to protest,” he said.

First study to show speed of metabolism change

In an article published recently in the online version of the journal Obesity, Associate Professor Hulver and other Virginia Tech researchers found that the manner in which muscle metabolises nutrients is changed in just five days of high-fat feeding. This is the first study to prove that the change happens so quickly.

“This shows that our bodies are can respond dramatically to changes in diet in a shorter time frame than we have previously thought,” said Associate Professor Hulver, who is the head of the department and a Fralin Life Science Institute affiliate.

“If you think about it, five days is a very short time. There are plenty of times when we all eat fatty foods for a few days, be it the holidays, vacations, or other celebrations,” Associate Professor Hulver said. “But this research shows that those high-fat diets can change a person’s normal metabolism in a very short timeframe,” he said.

How the metabolism works with muscle

When food is eaten, the level of glucose in the blood rises. The body’s muscle is a major clearinghouse for this glucose. It may break it down for energy, or it can store it for later use. Since muscle makes up about 30 percent of our body weight and it is such an important site for glucose metabolism, if normal metabolism is altered, it can have dire consequences on the rest of the body and can lead to health issues.

Associate Professor Hulver and his colleagues found that muscles’ ability to oxidise glucose after a meal is disrupted after five days of eating a high-fat diet, which could lead to the body’s inability to respond to insulin, a risk factor for the development of diabetes and other diseases.

Study method

To conduct the study, healthy college-age students were fed a fat-laden diet that included sausage biscuits, macaroni and cheese, and food loaded with butter to increase the percentage of their daily fat intake. A normal diet is made up of about 30 percent fat and students in this study had diets that were about 55 percent fat. Their overall caloric intake remained the same as it was prior to the high fat diet.

Muscle samples were then collected to see how it metabolised glucose. Although the study showed the manner in which the muscle metabolised glucose was altered, the students did not gain weight or have any signs of insulin resistance.

Further research to find long-term effects

The researchers said they were now interested in examining how these short-term changes in the muscle can adversely affect the body in the long run, and how quickly these deleterious changes in the muscle can be reversed once someone returns to a low-fat diet.

Associate Professor Hulver worked on this study with Associate Professor Brenda Davy, Professor Kevin Davy, Assistant Professor Madlyn Frisard, and Research Assistant Professor Ryan McMillan, all from the Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise. Former graduate students Angela Anderson, Kimberly Haynie, Kristin Osterberg, and Nabil Boutagy also contributed.

The research was sponsored by the American Diabetes Association and the National Institutes of Health.