1.
M1919 Browning machine gun
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The M1919 Browning is a.30 caliber medium machine gun that was widely used during the 20th century, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The M1919 saw service as an infantry, coaxial, mounted, aircraft. Many M1919s were rechambered for the new 7. 62×51mm NATO round, the M1919 was an air-cooled development of the standard US machine gun of World War I, the John M. Browning-designed water-cooled M1917. The emergence of machine guns in the 1950s pushed the M1919 into secondary roles in many cases. The United States Navy also converted many to 7. 62mm NATO, many NATO countries also converted their examples to 7.62, and these remained in service well into the 1990s, as well as up to the present day in some countries. A similar conversion of the M1917 also produced the larger M2 Machine Gun, using the basic operating principles and layout. The M1919 is distinguished by its size and the use of a pierced cheese-grater-like guard around the barrel used on most versions. The M1919 originally fired the.30 cal M1906 ball cartridge, a metal M1 link was later adopted, forming a disintegrating belt. The cocking handle was pulled back with the palm of the hand facing up. This advanced the first round of the belt in front of the bolt for the extractor/ejector on the bolt to grab the first cartridge, the cocking handle was pulled and released a second time. This removed the first cartridge from the belt, advanced the next round into position to be grabbed and moved the first round down into the chamber of the ready for firing. As the bolt went into battery, the extractor grabbed the next round on the belt that was advanced and was resting in the feedway waiting to be loaded. If the trigger was held down, the gun would continue to fire in full automatic, the guns original design was as a water-cooled machine gun. When it was decided to try to lighten the gun and make it air-cooled, gunners were trained to manage the barrel heat by firing in controlled bursts of three to five rounds, with a delay between bursts to delay its heating. When the gun was ready to fire, a round would be in the chamber and the bolt and barrel group would be locked together, with the locking block at the rear of the bolt. As the assembly of bolt, barrel and barrel extension recoiled to the rear of the gun upon firing, the recoiling barrel extension struck the accelerator assembly, a half-moon shaped spring-loaded piece of metal pivoting from the receiver below the bolt and behind the barrel extension. The tips of the accelerators two curving fingers engaged the bottom of the bolt and caused it to move rapidly to the rear. The extractor-ejector was a mechanism that pivoted over the front of the bolt, the rearward movement of the bolt caused the rear end of the feed lever to pull to the right, causing the feeding pawl at the other end to move left over the belt

2.
John Dos Passos
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John Roderigo Dos Passos was an American novelist and artist active in the first half of the twentieth century. Born in Chicago, Illinois, he graduated from Harvard College in 1916 and he was well-traveled, visiting Europe and the Middle East, where he learned about literature, art, and architecture. During World War I, he was a member of the American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps in Paris and in Italy, in 1920 his first novel, One Mans Initiation,1917, was published, and in 1925 his novel, Manhattan Transfer, became a commercial success. Dos Passos is best known for his U. S. A. trilogy, in 1998, the Modern Library ranked the U. S. A. Trilogy 23rd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century, by the 1950s, his political views had changed dramatically, and in the 1960s, he campaigned for presidential candidates Barry Goldwater and Richard M. Nixon. An artist as well as a novelist, Dos Passos created his own cover art for his books, was influenced by modernism in 1920s Paris and he died on September 28,1970, in Baltimore. Spences Point, his Virginia estate, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971, born in Chicago, Illinois, Dos Passos was the illegitimate son of John Randolph Dos Passos, a lawyer of half Madeiran Portuguese descent, and Lucy Addison Sprigg Madison of Petersburg, Virginia. The elder Dos Passos was married with a son several years older than John, although Johns father married his mother after the death of his first wife in 1910, he refused to acknowledge John for another two years, until he was 16. John Randolph Dos Passos was an authority on trusts and a supporter of the powerful industrial conglomerates that his son would come to oppose in his fictional works of the 1920s and 1930s. In 1912, he enrolled in Harvard College, following his graduation in 1916, he traveled to Spain to study art and architecture. In July 1917, with World War I raging in Europe,60 of the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, along with friends E. E. Cummings and Robert Hillyer. He worked as a driver in Paris, and in north-central Italy. By the late summer of 1918, he had completed a draft of his first novel, at the same time, he had to report for duty with the U. S. Army Medical Corps at Camp Crane in Pennsylvania. On Armistice Day, he was stationed in Paris, where the U. S. Army Overseas Education Commission allowed him to study anthropology at the Sorbonne, a character in Three Soldiers goes through virtually the same military career and stays in Paris after the war. Considered one of the Lost Generation writers, Dos Passos published his first novel in 1920 and it was followed by an antiwar story, Three Soldiers, which brought him considerable recognition. His 1925 novel about life in New York City, titled Manhattan Transfer, was a commercial success and these ideas also coalesced into the U. S. A. Trilogy, of which the first book appeared in 1930, a social revolutionary, Dos Passos came to see the United States as two nations, one rich and one poor. In 1928, Dos Passos spent several months in Russia studying socialism, in 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, he returned to Spain with Ernest Hemingway whom he had met in Paris in the 1920s, but his views on the Communist movement had already begun to change

3.
U.S.A. (trilogy)
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Trilogy is a series of three novels by American writer John Dos Passos, comprising the novels The 42nd Parallel,1919, and The Big Money. The three books were first published together in a volume titled U. S. A. by Harcourt Brace in January 1938. Houghton Mifflin issued two boxed three-volume sets in 1946 with color endpapers and illustrations by Reginald Marsh, the first illustrated edition was limited to 365 copies,350 signed by both Dos Passos and Marsh, in a deluxe binding with leather labels and beveled boards. The binding for the larger 1946 trade issue was tan buckram with red spine lettering and this illustrated edition was reprinted in various bindings until the Library of America edition appeared in 1996,100 years after Dos Passos birth. The trilogy covers the development of American society during the first three decades of the 20th century. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked U. S. A, 23rd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. In the fictional narrative sections, the U. S. A. trilogy relates the lives of characters as they struggle to find a place in American society during the early part of the 20th century. Each character is presented to the reader from their childhood on, while their lives are separate, characters occasionally meet. Some minor characters whose point of view is never given crop up in the background, the Camera Eye sections are written in stream of consciousness and are an autobiographical Künstlerroman of Dos Passos, tracing the authors development from a child to a politically committed writer. Camera Eye 50 arguably contains the most famous line of the trilogy, Newsreel 66, preceding Camera Eye 50, announcing the Sacco and Vanzetti verdict, contains the lyrics of The Internationale. The biographies are accounts of historical figures, the most often anthologized of these biographies is The Body of an American, which tells the story of an unknown soldier who was killed in World War I which concludes Nineteen Nineteen. The separation between these modes is rather a stylistic than a thematic one. Coherent quotes from newspaper articles are often woven into the biographies as well, the fragmented narrative style of the trilogy later influenced the work of British science-fiction novelist John Brunner. It also influenced Jean-Paul Sartres trilogy The Roads to Freedom and those characters who pursue the big money without scruple succeed, but are dehumanized by success. Others are destroyed, crushed by capitalism, and ground underfoot, Dos Passos does not show much sympathy for upwardly mobile characters who succeed, but is always sympathetic to the down and out victims of capitalist society. He explores the difficulty faced by winners and losers alike when trying to make a living for themselves as well as wanting to settle down in some means. The novel has been adapted a number of times, for such as radio. Paul Shyre created a dramatic revue, working together with Dos Passos, howard Sackler also adapted it for a well-received 1968 audio production with Caedmon Books

4.
Paris 1919 (album)
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Paris 1919 is the third studio album by Welsh musician John Cale. It was released in 1973 by Reprise Records, musicians such as Lowell George and Wilton Felder worked with Cale on the release. Its title is a reference to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, in contrast to the experimental rock of much of John Cales work before and after Paris 1919, the album is noted for its orchestral-influenced style, reminiscent of contemporary pop rock music. It has been suggested that a big reason for the sound was the employment of Chris Thomas as producer for Paris 1919, the album has received critical praise from several publications over the years. Reviewer Jason Ankeny of Allmusic labeled the album as one of John Cales very finest solo efforts, critic Stephen Holden of Rolling Stone called the release one of the most ambitious albums ever released under the name of pop, he considered it a masterpiece for the artist. AllMusic considers it the most accessible and traditional of Cales albums, the albums title makes reference to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, an event that established a new partitioning of Europe that as well as the assignment of unilateral war reparations. The album was released to critical reception. For example, the Los Angeles Times called Paris 1919 the idiosyncratic pinnacle to Cales thrilling yet perverse career, Rolling Stone writer Stephen Holden remarked, Paris 1919 is one of the most ambitious albums ever released under the name of pop. He stated that the means that it requires a great deal of listening in order for its full implications to be perceived. Subsequent positive reviews continued to be published years later. Allmusic critic Jason Ankeny gave the album four-and-a-half stars, praising its richly poetic songs for functioning as enigmatic period pieces strongly evocative of their time and place. He also wrote that theres little here to suggest either Cales noisy, never achieved a similar beauty again. Paris 1919 received a full reissue on 19 June 2006 by Rhino Records UK, notably, Pitchfork Media gave the reissue a 9.5 out of 10 rating. The show was staged again in 2010 in London, Norwich, Paris, Brescia, Los Angeles, and Melbourne, then in 2011 in Barcelona, Essen, the Wire placed Paris 1919 in their list One Hundred Records That Set the World on Fire. The February 2016 edition of Uncut placed the album at number 99 in their list of the Top 200 Greatest Albums of All Time, All tracks written by John Cale

5.
1919 (band)
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1919 -- also known briefly as Heaven Seventeen—are a post-punk band formed in Bradford, England in early 1980. The band was formed in late 1980 by Guitarist Mark Tighe, after starting life as Heaven Seventeen, and with early lineups including a pre-Zodiac Mindwarp Mark Manning, the band eventually settled as 1919 with Nick Hiles on Bass and Mick Reed on Drums. Their intention was, according to Reed, to create a heavy melodic intense dance band with no frills and no intentions. In 1982,1919 released a 7 white label promo of Repulsion//Tear Down These Walls,1982 would see the single re-released on Red Rhino Records, as well as the single Caged//After The Fall and the LP Machine. In 1983, Bassist Hiles was replaced by Steve Madden, during this period,1919 had also included Kev Aston and Sputnik at various times as part of their ensemble. The band called it a day in 1986, interest in 1919 was stirred up after Abstracts 2001 Cherry Red Records release of The Complete Collection on CD. However, with relations with Tilleard broken down and Maddens retirement from music, the lineup consisted of Tighe, with new members Richard Green, Ian Hardcastle, and Dave Green, and was released on Tighes own We Must Mutate label. Despite good reviews from Mick Mercer and others, the sound of the album proved divisive amongst fans. The album sold out of its run, but Tighe pulled the plug after the new lineup failed to live up to his vision of a 1919 return - even destroying the master tapes. The band would never live with this lineup. Thanks largely to the emergence of streaming sites, the work of the band continued to generate interest among fans. In 2014, Tighe started working on new material with bass player and their self-released download of Revenge, and accompanying video, came as a surprise to most fans but was received well. Mick Mercer again rated the track highly, and the band signed almost immediately with Deadfall Management, the band performed their first show, headlining Leipzigs Gothic Pogo Festival on Friday, May 22, and began to announce further dates across Europe