Ventricular Septal Defect

Definition

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the wall called the septum that is between the heart's 2 lower chambers called the ventricles. A septal defect is often referred to as a hole in the heart.

Normally, the right side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood and pumps it to the lungs where it is filled with oxygen. The blood is then sent back to the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. But with VSD, the heart pumps inefficiently. The oxygen-rich blood is pumped back to the lungs.

VSD can lead to enlargement of the heart and high blood pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs.

Causes

Most VSDs are a type of congenital heart defect, meaning they are present at birth. It is unclear why VSDs develop, but genetics may play a part. Although rare, some VSDs can occur after a
heart attack
or trauma.

Risk Factors

VSD is more common in young infants and children. Other factors that increase your chances of VSD include:

Symptoms

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your child's symptoms and medical history. The exam will include listening to your child's heart to detect a heart murmur. If a heart problem is suspected, your child will likely be referred to a pediatric cardiologist. This is a doctor who specializes in heart problems in babies and children.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

What are holes in the heart? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website.
Available at:
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/holes/holes%5Fwhatare.html.
Updated July 1, 2011. Accessed June 30, 2015.