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Abstract

A solution of the thermal fixing of holographic grating in paraelectric KTa1-xNbxO3 crystals based on flex-partial differential equation (FlexPDE) program has been proposed to solve the problem at large modulation depth. The Kukhtarev equations are rigorously solved by the algorithm of finite element method under the existing of nonlinear coupling effect. The distributions and time evolvement curves of space-charge filed, light-excitated electrons, ionized donors, compensating ionic species, and crystal refractive index are presented. The modulation of gratings becomes smaller along the propagating direction of writing beams because of the coupling effect. The simulation agrees well with the experimental result, and indicates that the finite element method is advantageous to reduce the difficulty of solving the Kukhtarev equations, and FlexPDE can display the forming of the fixed holographic grating dynamically on real time, with visualization.

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Journal of Applied Remote SensingJournal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and SystemsJournal of Biomedical OpticsJournal of Electronic ImagingJournal of Medical ImagingJournal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMSJournal of NanophotonicsJournal of Photonics for EnergyNeurophotonicsOptical EngineeringSPIE Reviews