Ordering Principle
Interdependence
Balance of Power
Chance for Cooperation

Ordering Principle

Anarchy or Hierarchy

Anarachy

Lack of government
All states are the same when broken down
Capabilities only distinguishing aspect
Horizontal power organization

Hierarchy

Government
Vertical power organization

Realism

Anarchy
Individual State Capabilities determine POWER
states fend for themselves
system changes little if at all

Defense of Post-Cold War Realism

Interractions have not changed, politics simply changed from bipolar to unipolar.
Democracy did not bring the end of the Cold War.

Balance of Power

International Status quo, States counter each other

Classical/Human Nature Realism

States led by "will to power" human beings
will to power pushes each state to strive for supremacy
Anarchy causes state to worry about BoP
human nature is the deep cause of security competition.

Defensive Realism/NeoRealism

States aim to survive and seek security
great powers pay careful attention to BoP; want to maintain status quo
Anarachy forces defensive competition for power
Anarchy is the cause of security competition

Offensive Realism/NeoRealism

States behave aggressively because Power is key to maximizing odds of survival in anarchical system
BoP rarely found, int'l system creates incentives for states to look for opportunities to gain power and use offensively.
State's ulitmate goal is to be HEGEMON in the system (regionally)
Anarchy is the cause of security competition.

Liberalism/Neo-Liberal Institutionalism

Needs to be more cooperation b/t rival states; Iterated interactions lead to trust
norms and rules of regimes affect behavior if used by states and corparations engaging in a process of mutual adjustment
states in international system should be interdependent, despite anarchial nature
self-abnegation rare, but possiple

self-abegnation

accepting losses for sake of relationship

Constructivism

State behavior shaped by ideology
claims the existence of an intersubjective conception of process with identities and interest endogenous to interaction.
identity based on social context
"Anarchy is what states make of it"

3 Cultures of Anarchy

Hobbesian
Lockean
Kantian

Hobbes

anarchy based on enmity.
reacts to enemies as deep revisionist, discounting the future and anticipating the worst case
Self-sustaining offense.
Leviathan maintains order in anarchy.
Violence unchecked: Kill enemies before they kill you.

Locke

anarchy based on rivalry
rivals expect the other to act as if they recognize unalienable rights and therefore try not to conquer others.
Self-Sustaining Defense
Live and let live limitation on violence.

Kant

anarchy based on friendship
disputes not settled with war or the threat of war.
Collective Security instead of Leviathan. "all for one and one for all"