Abstract：As the most abundant renewable resource on the earth, lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into energy fuels and high value-added chemicals and synthesize renewable bio-based materials by biological, physical or chemical methods. While separation of the biomass components is the key to its full use. Based on the introduction of lignocellulosic biomass compositions and characteristics, the separation methods of lignocellulosic biomass components were summarized, and the application of liquid hot water method, organosolv method and deep eutectic solvent method is reviewed in detail. Furthermore, an effective and green separation idea in liquid hot water coupling deep eutectic solvent is proposed.