How and why are we different from other people? Many scientists have addressed the answer to this question and developed various models of personality. All models mainly focus on the differences between people, which lead to the term “differential psychology." Here, you will learn about the principal models of personality, personality disorders as well as behavioral styles, and you will be optimally prepared for exams, the preliminary examination and the medical practice.

00:00
Okay, let’s talk about formation of identity.
00:04
And what are some of the things that
influence how we shape our identity?So Identity formation or Individuation is the
development of the distinct individual personality.
00:13
Now, if you were asked to describe yourself
in one word saying,“Tell me one word that describes your personality?”I think you would have an answer.
00:21
And if you ask five of your best friends,
it would have an answer as well.
00:25
So why are they able to come up with that?What are the things that are shaping that
identity that you have that personality?Let start take a look at some of those things.
00:35
Now when you’re born you’re not
necessarily born with an identity.
00:40
That something that develops overtime.
00:42
So typically as young newborns, you might have
certain traits that or actions that you do.
00:48
And people start to associate in that identity.
00:50
“Oh, little Timmy is a good sleeper.
So he's such a good kid.”I mean was that really reflective of that child’s identity?
Maybe not so much.
01:00
And at that point the child really isn’t doing a lot.
And so do they have a good identity?Versus an adult.
01:06
An adult now had a lot of experiences,
has personality traits which are quite consistentand has a profile in terms of what they do,
what they have accomplished.
01:17
And that help shaped their identity.
01:18
And as they continue to get older
this identity continues to morph.
01:22
and as they become an elderly, your view,
your stands, your identity changes.
01:27
And we’re also talking about changes
in identity within your own network.
01:33
A family and friends and where you
now fit in the scale overtime.
01:38
Okay, now, let’s take a look at
Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development.
01:43
And it proposes that different times
throughout our developmentand the crisis and conflicts that we encounter
and each of those stagesit will actually influence our identity development.
01:55
Erik Erikson was the follower of Freud Theory.
So you can kind of see some the consistencies throughout.
02:02
So let’s take a look at a Stage 1.
02:05
So here, we are calling that Trust versus Mistrust.
02:08
I’m not going to spend lots of time in every stage becauseI think for the purposes of the MCAT
you seem to be familiar withmaybe the names and the fact that there are several stages.
02:16
But we don’t need to spend lots of time for each one.
02:18
So this one would happen very,
very early on. So first year of life.
02:22
And this is where the question is,
is my world predictable and supportive?So are my parents, people I can trust?
Is they’re nurturing or they’re taking care of me?or is there a mistrust? Or they are not
there for me. Am I hurting myself?Am I not getting fed?And that needs to be met and addressed.
02:40
And say you have great parents.
They do take care of you.
02:43
which is hopefully almost always the case
that allows you to build that trust. Okay.
02:47
So then you would move on.
02:49
Now something as kind of important
as I mentioned here is thatif you have an inability to transition out of
that phase because that crisis was not metor you didn’t or weren’t able
to address that conflict,then it actually impacts
the development of your identity, okay.
03:07
So let’s take a look at the next stage.
The stage 2 would be Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt.
03:12
“Can I do things myself or must
I always rely on others?”And this is done the second or third years of your life.
03:17
And this is where it’s kind of an
important for you to light your young kids,kind of play around and feel
things out and realize that“Oh if I stand on this high rock,
am I falling and hurt myself?”As opposed to if you’re one
of those helicopter parentsthat you are constantly around your kids
and you don’t let them do anything,they don’t really understand
the consequences of their actions.
03:39
and so they don’t have a sense of autonomy.
03:41
And then they start to develop that sensation of
“I need help from others all the time.”and it will initiate Shame and Doubt.
03:46
Now, when you get into your fourth years
or a little bit older than that,around 4 and so on 4, 5 and
we have Initiative versus Guilt.
03:57
And this is where we are asking the individual
to take the initiative to do something or they not.
04:04
And so that help shape “Am I good or am I bad?”Now ages through 6 on through the puberty,
we have Industry versus Inferiority.
04:14
“Am I competent or am I worthless”.
04:16
So are you actually doing something?
Are you taking initiative?Are you going to be a productive member of society?
Or are you going to be more of a loafer.
04:25
We’re not doing this much and not as driven.
04:27
And so that’s the Industry versus Inferiority.
04:30
And then there’s adolescence through to
early adulthood, you have Industry versus Confusion.
04:38
So again this is “How am I going to
find the job, a vocation?What am I going to be? What I’m going to do?”And then this is I think something that
most of us encounter when your young.
04:48
You don’t know exactly what it is
that you’re going to do.
04:50
And then as you transition into adulthood,
we have things like Intimacy versus Isolation.
04:57
We have Generativity versus Self-AbsorptionWill I produce something of real value?
Am I going to have any worth?Am I going to do anything productive?And then finally, we have Integrity versus Despair.
05:12
So you start looking back and
reflecting on what have I done.
05:16
So this is where I was mentioning
you start transitioning.
05:18
and you can see it through all the
different aspects of time,how your identity can develop
in more often change.
05:24
So the stage relevant to identity
of formation takes placeduring the adolescent phase known as
Identity versus Role Confusion.
05:32
So we’re saying is that’s really an important stage
where you really form your identitybecause prior to that you’re pretty small.
05:40
And you’re just mapping out the basic
premises of your environmentand what’s surround you.
05:44
At the later stage is you already have
developed your identity.
05:47
and it’s more of self-reflection
and small adaptations of your identity.
05:51
So during the stage adolescence
form basic identitiesespecially concerning social and occupational identities.
05:57
So the social and vocational or occupational identities
really kicking out at this point.
06:03
After successfully passing through this stage,
they enter Intimacy versus Isolationwhere they will form string friendships
and a sense of companionship.
06:11
So the point here is that at adolescent stage,
you need to transition and move onto the Intimacy versus Isolation stage.
And each sets up the next.
06:21
So the one that kind of really relevant that
usually really grasp would be thatAdolescence stage of
Identity versus Role Confusionand that allows you to effectively move on into
the stage of Intimacy versus Isolation.

About the Lecture

The lecture Theories of Identity Development – Formation of Identity (PSY, SOC) by Tarry Ahuja, MD is from the course Self-Identity.

Included Quiz Questions

Which of the following is a factor in Erik Eriksons theory of identity development?

Conflict.

Peace.

Sexual influences.

Social influences.

Environmental influences.

How old would an individual in stage 3 of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development likely be?

Four years old.

Three years old.

Six years old.

Ten years old.

15 years old.

Which of the following refers to Stage 7 of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development?

Generativity vs self-absorption.

Autonomy vs shame and doubt.

Intimacy vs isolation.

Integrity vs despair.

Industry vs inferiority.

Quincy is a well adjusted child performing well academically with close friendships and wishes to become a doctor. What stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development would she likely be?

Stage 6.

Generativity vs self-absorption.

Stage 8.

Identity vs confusion.

Stage 4.

Author of lecture Theories of Identity Development – Formation of Identity (PSY, SOC)

Tarry Ahuja, MD

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