Household saving is defined as the difference between a household’s disposable income (wages, income of the self-employed and net property income) and its consumption (expenditures on goods and services.)

Middle Eastern investment bankers are looking on the bright side of things, following
the damage to regional financial markets caused by the steep drop in oil prices and a cloudy economic outlook. Most of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have substantial monetary reserves and have said they will continue high levels of government spending. These countries could speed up efforts to diversify their economies, stimulating growth of the non-oil sector, bankers say. Nonetheless, some planned equity issues have been shelved owing to the market turmoil, and a sense of caution prevails.

The planned opening ofSaudi Arabia’s stock market, the Tadawul, to investors from outside the region by the end of June could attract billions of dollars of inflows. The $500 billion Tadawul in Riyadh, which trades the shares of 163 companies, is by far the largest and most active exchange in the region.

Katounas, QInvest: As Middle Eastern markets become more important as global hubs, we will see more cross-border mergers and acquisitions.

GCC debt markets remain a safe haven, bankers say, and there is a possibility that anticipated budget deficits will lead to more issuance by entities in both the public and the private sectors. The limited supply of debt has been outrunning demand in recent years, especially for sukuk. With investors buying and holding on to new issues, the secondary market has had a tough time developing. An increase in supply may help solve this problem.

There was a 23% rise in the value of announced mergers and acquisitions in the Middle East in 2014, compared with 2013, according to Thomson Reuters. Qatar’s overseas acquisitions accounted for 65% of the region’s outbound M&A activity last year. The largest deal was the Qatar Investment Authority’s and Brookfield Property Partners of Canada’s successful $4 billion bid for Canary Wharf, London’s financial district.

“As Middle Eastern markets, particularly those in the GCC, become more and more important as global hubs, I expect we will see more cross-border mergers and acquisitions into and out of the region,” says Michael Katounas, deputy CEO and head of investment banking at QInvest, a leading Qatar-based Islamic investment bank and asset manager.

“Families and private wealth will play an increasing role, both for intra-MENA [Middle East and North Africa] transactions and for outbound investments to Europe and the United States,” Katounas says. “Last year was hugely exciting for those in the Islamic finance space, with 19 jurisdictions tapping the global sukuk market, the highest number ever. We expect increased external financing in the region as a result of budget cuts, and the Islamic market is likely to get more than its fair share of the pie, given the ample liquidity that is looking for a home,” he says.

In Qatar, government spending linked to strategic projects is unlikely to be affected by oil price fluctuations, Katounas says. “At the same time, the diversification of the economy away from hydrocarbons and the increased sophistication of project financing are likely to push for a higher involvement of the private sector, either through direct equity or debt investments, or through public-private partnerships,” he says.

In Kuwait, growth in investment banking will depend on the government’s commitment to infrastructure spending, as well as on regional political stability and improved market performance, says Manaf Alhajeri, CEO of Markaz, a Kuwaiti investment bank and asset manager. “The Kuwaiti government is expected to finance 523 projects for the country’s five-year development plan—from 2015 to 2020—and has set aside $155 billion, with the capital spending calculated on a budgeted oil price of $45 per barrel,” Alhajeri says. “In 2015 the government plans to spend about $22.5 billion, of which $7.2 billion will be directed toward construction.”

To further support spending, the Kuwaiti government is considering slashing subsidies on gas and utilities, following announcements of reduced subsidies on diesel, kerosene and aviation fuel. “The government wishes to diversify its income sources by improving the private sector and has planned its spending over the next five years to that end,” Alhajeri says. “But it remains to be seen whether the implementation will be successful.”

Kuwait’s equity market remains undervalued, compared with those of its regional peers, according to Alhajeri. “Corporate earnings have lagged behind otherGCC countries, and investors hope for a reasonable increase in earnings, which would aid market performance,” he says. Equity capital market issuance in the Middle East rose 173% last year to $11.4 billion, according to Thomson Reuters. The total was boosted by the record $6 billion issue by National Commercial Bank in Saudi Arabia.IPO activity is expected to lag in 2015 but could pick up once market conditions improve.

WAIT-AND-SEE APPROACH

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“Some companies decided to delay or abort their IPO plans in the fourth quarter of 2014 due to declining oil prices,” Alhajeri says. “Both international and regional investors are wary of downward-trending oil prices and the resultant impact on infrastructure spending. Companies have adopted a wait-and-see approach, with the hope that oil-price volatility settles down soon,” he says.

Investors are also concerned about a potential interest-rate increase by the US Federal Reserve, but Alhajeri says relatively strong growth in emerging markets and accommodative monetary policies in Japan, the European Union and China will counter any Fed tightening. “With close to $19 billion of debt maturing in 2015, we expect money to continue to flow to the regional bond markets,” he says.

If the oil price slide has a truly bright side for the region, it is the major benefit it provides to such oil-importing nations as Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon. “The Egyptian stock market has rallied recently, buoyed by the economy’s brightening prospects and hopes that the central bank’s decision to loosen its grip on the pound marks a shift toward more orthodox policymaking,” says Jason Tuvey, Middle East economist at London-based economic research company Capital Economics.

It appears that Egyptian policymakers are trying to restore external competitiveness by breaking the pound’s effective peg to the rising dollar, Tuvey says. The currency needs to fall to around 8.25 to the dollar to restore competitiveness, he says.

Capital Economics expects oil prices to rebound to around $60 per barrel by the end of this year. “While this should provide some support to equity markets in the Gulf, we’re not going to see a repeat of the large gains seen in recent years,” Tuvey says. “After all, economic growth looks set to slow. And lower oil prices will continue to hit the revenues of petrochemical companies, which, in the case of Saudi Arabia, make up around a fifth of the stock market,” he says.