Component of Animal Cells

It is a spherical molecule enclosed by a single membrane and contains digestive enzymes

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What is another term for digestive enzymes within a lysosome?

Hydrolytic enzymes

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Where are the digestive enzymes produced?

Produced by the golgi apparatus or the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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What are the functions of a lysosome?

Fuse with each other or vesicles to breakdown the contents and enzymes can be reused.

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What are examples of functions of the lysosome?

Break down bacteria within white blood cells and fuse with membrane to release extracellular enzymes-digestion.

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What is it called when lysosomes self destruct?

Apoptosis

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How does apoptosis occurs?

When the entire cells is damage, the lysosome will rupture releasing its enzymes into cell destroying the cell content.

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What are the structure of microtubules?

tiny protein tubes which are found singly or in bundles. Mostly made up of globular proteins called tubulin.

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What are the functions of microtubules?

involved in the movement of cell components e.g involved in nuclear division as they make up the spindle fibres. Also form centromere- found in animal cells besides the nucleus.

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What is the structure of centrioles?

made of up a bundle of nine tubules. Arranged at a right angle to each other.

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What are the centrioles function?

When cell divides, the centrioles pull apart to produce the spindle fibres involved in the movement of chromosomes.

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What are the structure of mitochondria?

Rod shape- surrounded by a double membrane with the inner memebrane folded inward into finger like projections called cristae. Aqueous soluion of metabolite and enzymes called matrix and contains its own DNA and ribosomes.

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What is the function of mitochondria?

site of aerobic respiration. It can replicate itself under the control of nucleus and energy produced is in the form of ATP.

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What kind of cells would have a small amount of mitochondria?

In fat storage cells.

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What kind of cells would have a large amount of mitochondria?

ones which carry a lot of active transport.

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What is the function of the cytoplasm?

contains nutrients needed for the cells to carry out its day to day activities.

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What is the origin of the endoplasmic reticulum?

From the outer membrane of the nucleus and it spreads out through the whole of the cytoplasm.

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What is the strucuture of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

series of tubular sacs enclosed by a singular membrane.

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What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

site of synthesis for lipids and steroids.

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What are some examples of the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Found in testes where the steroid hormone testerones is produced and also in the cytoplasm of voluntary muscle fibres is the site of storage of calcium ions which helps with contraction of muscle fibres.

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What is the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

series of flattened sacs enclosed by a single membrane with ribosomes attached to the outer surface.

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What are the functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Has a large surface area for the synthesis of all proteins and stores and transports the protein from inside to outside.

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What kind of cells have a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

in cells that secret materials e.g those that produce digestive enzymes.

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What is the structure of the nucleus?

surrounded by a double membrane and has many pores. Inside the membrane are proteins and nucleic acid.

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What are the functions of the nucleus?

Contaisn chromosomes which are visible when the cell divides and when not divided they are attached to a protein to form a chromatin.

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What is the structure of the nucleolus?

an extra dense area of pure DNA.

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What is the function of the nucleolus?

involved in the production of ribosomes.

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What are the structures of the ribosomes?

built in two sub units and don't have a membrane. Made up of proteins and nucleic acid of RNA

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What are the functions of the ribosomes?

Involved in protein synthesis.

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What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

Made up of stacks of parallel flattened membrane pockets called cisternae. On other side, they have vesicles formed from the swelling of the margins.

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What are the functions of golgi apparatus?

site of synthesis of particular proteins that are packaged into vesicles.