Confucius Temples in China

Confucius (551BC-479BC) also called Kongzi or Kongfuzi in Chinese, was a great thinker, educator and the founder of Confucianism in the late

spring and autumn period (770BC- 476BC), which occupies a dominant position in Chinese culture. Kongzi was among the best recognized sages of that period. He devoted his whole life to education. He had some 3,000 disciples and many of them were knowledgeable and highly talented.

In order to commemorate this great sage, Chinese people built Confucian temples in honor of his great contribution to Chinese culture. Confucian temples are called Kong Miao in Chinese; they are famous for their large scale, rich cultural relic collection and their artistic value. Among these holy temples, the Confucian temple in Qufu in
Shandong Province, which consists of Cemetery of Confucius (Kong Lin), Temple of Confucius (Kong Miao) and the Kong Family Mansion (Kong Fu) is regarded as one of the holy cities in the world. The Temples of Confucius in
Beijing , the Confucian Temple in
Nanjing and the Confucius Temple in Shanghai are also well worth visiting.

But building Confucius temples has experienced a frustrated way. During a long period after Confucius passed away, Confucian doctrines he created were not accepted by the public. In the qin dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC), Confucianism was to be destroyed, not to mention building temples to commemorate the Saint Confucius. In the early han dynasty (206BC-220), the cultural policy of "To Desert all Theories except Confucianism" was carried out but ended with little success. In the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) Dynasties when the country unified again, the thoughts explained by Confucian School and the value of Confucian Culture were recognized by the whole society. The Confucian temples mushroomed in the country. In the following dynasties, the specifications of Confucian temples were increased continually.

What's more, the Confucian temples have different styles in different places. For example, the Confucian temple in Hancheng in
Shaanxi Province has a glazed-tile five dragons screen wall which add much color to the temple and also declare the high statue of Confucius. The Confucian Temple in
Nanjing has a section of Qinhuai River as its pool, which is unique in design. In Wenchang City in
Hainan Province, the Confucian temple does not have Lingxing Gate. People should enter from the side entrance to worship Confucius. In
Yunnan Province, the pool in the Confucian temple is also called 'the sea of study', where in the middle is a small island, and on the island, there is a wooden structure Pavilion 'Sile Pavilion' (Missing Happiness Pavilion). The whole design reflects a strong local flavor.