Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used as a tool for assessinggenetic diversity and species relationships among five species from Rutaceae family [Sourorange (Citrus aurantium L.); Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck); Mandarin (Citrusreticulata Blanco); Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) and Grapefruit (Citrus paradisiMacf.)] and four species from Apiaceae [Carrots (Daucus carota L.; Celery (Apium graveolens(Mill.) Pers.); Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and Dill (Anethum graveolus L.)]. These plantswere collected from a different region at Hilla city in Iraq. A total of 50 polymorphicamplified products from 170 bands were obtained from eight primers (OPC2, OPC8, OPC14,OPB11 ,OPB18 ,BH10 ,BH11 and BH14) in Citrus species and the value of Jaccard’scoefficient ranged from 0.246 to 0.690. In contrast of 81 polymorphic amplified products from129 bands in four species in Apiaceae and the value of Jaccard’s coefficient ranged from 0.080to 0.269. Based on the bivariate (1-0) data and genetic similarity with the use of the UPGMAcluster method, the dendrogram separated the studied species. Therefore, it could beconcluded that RAPD technique an efficient technique for studying the molecularcharacterization and used for resolving relationships among plant populations.