This test was compiled according to the requirements of Course Outline 6 (see navigation bar, Course Outline
6 - Mass Media and Communication).

Instructor: Dr Algirdas Makarevicius

MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

TEST

Please encircle the letter of the correct answer (a, b, c, or d).

1. The Age of Printing began when in 1455 two hundred copies of Bible (the first
book) were produced. New method of printing was invented: individual letters were made of metal, so that they could be set
up in lines as needed. Steel punches were made and the letters were impressed in brass. Then a special lead alloy was poured
in and each letter was cast individually. It was an excellent system, and it remained in use for hundreds of years. Also,
a superior system for pressing the blank pages against the inked type was worked out.The inventor of this excellent system of printing was

a) James Franklin

b) William Caxton

c) Johannes Gutenberg

d) Stephan Day

2. A style of reporting related to coverage of governmental activity that leads
to exposes of wrongdoing is called

a) adversarial journalism

b) advocacy journalism

c) event-centered journalism

d) critical journalism

3. The act of publishing material with the intent of damaging a person’s reputation
is called

a) libido

b) kitsch

c) libel

d) open criticism

4. A newspaper whose pages are usually about five columns wide or about half the
size of a standard newspaper page. It was originally associated with sensationalism but today the term more commonly applies
to format, not to content:

a) free-distribution newspaper

b) tabloid newspaper

c) small-sized newspaper

d) specialized newspaper

5. In 1960s the criticism of objectivity inspires specific style of writing. This
style makes room for the emotions and personalities of reporters by allowing color and feeling in news writing. Some practitioners
of the style use interior monologues (reporting what people said they thought), extensive descriptions, and other methods
associated with fiction writing.We call this style of journalism

a) specific journalism

b) investigative journalism

c) precision journalism

d) new journalism

6. A late nineteenth-century type of newspaper publishing that placed profit above
truthfulness and significance, emphasizing sensationalism, human interest, and reader appeal at the expense of public responsibility
is called

a) public journalism

b) yellow journalism

c) sensational journalism

d) active precision journalism

7. Please encircle the correct statement:

a) to censor means to add part of a message in order to make receivers understand more
of its meaning; a person performing the additions is called a censor and the practice is called censorship

b) to censor means to change the content of a message in order to prevent receivers from
understanding its basic meaning; a person performing the change is called an editor and the practice is called adaptation

c) to censor means to delete part of a message in order to prevent receivers from understanding
part of its meaning; a person performing the deletions is called a censor and the practice is called censorship

d) to censor means to change the content of a message in order to prevent receivers from understanding
its basic meaning; a person performing the change is called an editor-in-chief and the practice is called censorship

8. Please encircle the incorrect definition:

a) newspaper is a set of large folded sheets of paper containing news, articles, advertisements,
etc., printed and sold daily or weekly

b) magazine is a sort of book with a paper cover and usually large pages, which contains
written articles, photographs, and ads, usually on a special subject or for a certain group of people, and which is printed
and sold every week or month

c) pamphlet is a newspaper which contains written articles, photographs, ads, and pornography,
usually on funny subjects, printed and sold daily

d) journal is a serious magazine, usually produced by a specialist society

9. Please encircle the correct definition:

a) Public relations is planned and organized communication process that links particular
elements of society together for particular purposes

b) Public relations is planned communication process that puts every effort to brainwash
people through fraud and irresponsible performance in order to achieve particular purposes

c) Public relations is a profession that deals with the relations of personality and a
unit or units to serve against the public interest

d) Public relations is a profession that deals with the relations of personality and a
unit or units which attempt to mislead or deceive the public

10. There are many elements in the process of film making but there is one person
who is the key figure in putting all these elements together. In most cases he or she is part of a film studio that has the
space, facilities, and personnel to complete the film. S/he carries the responsibility for most of the central decisions.
S/he initiates the development of a film by acquiring a story or a script, or may merely take an option on a story until s/he
sees if the talent and the money are available to produce the film. If financial backing is available and suitable acting
talent can be placed under contract, then s/he assembles a film-making team: actors, studio teamsters, costumers, makeup artists,
extras, projectionists, ornamental plasterers, cameramen, sound technicians, grips, electricians, etc. The key figure in putting
all these elements together is

a) film composer

b) film producer

c) film director

d) film editor

11. Who formulated public relations as a profession?

a) Walter Lippman

b) Ayatollah Khomeini

c) Edward Bernays

d) Anwar Sadat

12. Jazz journalism is characterized by the tabloid format and the extensive use
of dramatic photographs. It is nearly the same as

a) active journalism

b) investigative journalism

c) pornographic magazines

d) yellow journalism

13. Professionals who watch movies and tell consumers (usually in writing) how good
or bad the product is in terms of general appeal are called

a) reviewers

b) critics

c) editors

d) advertisers

14. Which definition of racism is the most scientific and correct, i.e. the best?

a) Racism is the belief that racial differences between people are the main influence on
their characters and abilities, and especially that one’s own race is the best

b) Racism is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities
and that white people are superior to black people

c) Racism is the belief that race accounts for differences in color of skin only, and that
the white race is superior to the black race

d) Racism is the belief that race accounts for differences in color of skin, eyes, hair,
character, customs, traditions, manners and behavior, and that the black race is inferior to the white race and the white
race is the best race in the world

15. Which definition is incorrect?

a) Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on sex; especially discrimination against
women

b) Sexism is behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles
based on sex

c) Sexism is attitudes, conditions, or behaviors that promote stereotyping of social roles
based on gender.

d) Sexism is anti-feminists’ theory based on prejudice and discrimination that practically
promotes and encourages sexually abusive roles against women and girls.

End of Test

NOTE: You can be awarded 35 points.
Questions 1-5, 3 points for each correct answer. Questions 6-15, 2 points for each correct answer.