In the dark II: Spatial choice when access to spatial cues is eliminated

Rats were tested in a specially constructed radial-arm maze that eliminated access to extramaze
visual cues and allowed any effects of intramaze cues to be controlled. Despite this, choice accuracy
was controlled by the spatial location of previously visited arms. Part of this control was attributed to
vestibular or kinesthetic cues. This conclusion was corroborated by the finding that when explicit
visual cues were moved from their standard (trained) spatial locations to novel locations, control of
spatial choices was completely disrupted. The latter finding indicates that cues intrinsic to the rat
(kinesthetic or vestibular information) and cues extrinsic to the rat (visual stimuli) operate in an
integrated fashion.