Management of Security in a Steel Plant The operation of a steel plant requires careful attention to safety, security and safeguards. Security is aimed at preventing intentional acts that might harm the steel plant or result in the theft of materials. Security personnel play a very important role in the steel plant and they are an integral part of the management team. The levels of control required to be provided for security of the steel plant are to be suitable and to meet the threat environment, give proper protection to information, people and physical assets, and to provide assurance to management, employees and various agencies working in the steel plant about safe and secure environment. Fundamental to security is the concept of risk. The risk is ‘a threat or hazard assessed for likelihood and impact’. A threat is ‘an event with negative consequences, brought about through malicious human intent’. A hazard is ‘an event with negative consequences, brought about through natural, environmental or non-malicious human intent’. Steel plant security system is to be based on the physical security mitigation measures to protect people and physical assets on their identified risks. The measures are to reduce the security risks to acceptable levels in the plant by providing minimum controls determined by the impact level of the security risks. Controls needed for the secure operation of the steel plant are to take into account threats which are there both from outside as well as from inside. There are four types of security (Fig 1) that are provided in the steel plant. These are namely (i) preventive security, (ii) protective security, (iii) detective security and (iv) punitive security. The security measures in the steel plant are distinguished from the ‘safety’ functions which aim at protection from damages...