When a ball is struck it starts moving by sliding over the grass. As it travels
the friction between the ball and the grass causes it to start rolling until
the rate of rolling is matched to its progress across the grass, that is, there
is no sliding. What is shown below is the kinetic energy of a rolling ball
is 5/7ths the kinetic energy of a sliding ball with equal energy. Alternatively
this can be expressed as the velocity of a rolling ball travels at ~84% of
the velocity of a sliding ball struck with equal force.

A consequence of this is when balls collide. When a moving ball collides with
(roquets) a stationary ball it is only the kinetic energy, not the rotational
energy, which is partitioned between the two balls. Energy locked up in the
rolling motion is not transferred to the stationary ball.

Consider a ball with an initial sliding velocity of u.
The total energy, ET , of the ball is solely its
kinetic energy, EK , the energy due to its skidding
or sliding velocity. The kinetic energy is given by the following:

The mass of the ball is given by m. For a rolling
ball with linear velocity v, there are two components
of energy; the kinetic energy as above and the rotational energy, ER.
The rotational energy for a body is given by the following equation, and the
components of it follow.

I is the moment of inertia. For a solid sphere,
i.e. the croquet ball, this is given by:

Again m is the mass of the ball and r is
its radius. 'w' is the rotational velocity in radians per
second:

Thus ER is:

For the rolling ball its total energy is the sum of the kinetic and rotational
energy:

We can now compare the linear velocities of two balls hit with the same energy,
one sliding and the other rolling. As ET is the
same,

At this point, given that kinetic energy is proportional to the square of
the velocity, we can see that the kinetic energy of the rolling ball is 5/7
(71.4%) that of a sliding ball.