Leadership Across Disciplines

The University of South Carolina’s inaugural Leadership Week has showcased and celebrated
student leadership with a focus on spreading the idea that a spark of leadership can
be ignited within each of us. To cap off Leadership Week, the Center for Teaching
Excellence interviewed Kirk Randazzo, former director of the Carolina Leadership Initiative.

Dr. Randazzo is a highly sought speaker and scholar, both internationally and across
the United States. As a public speaker, his presentations focus on developing fundamental
leadership skills and strategies for successful conflict management, team motivation,
and public speaking. He received a bachelor’s degree in Music from the University
of South Carolina and his Ph.D. in political science from Michigan State University.
From 2003-2008 he taught at the University of Kentucky and in 2008 returned to his
alma mater as a Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina.

CTE:How did you first become interested in incorporating leadership skills and concepts
into your teaching?

Randazzo: I actually have been interested in leadership for about 20 years now. I’m a public
speaker and talk about leadership and conflict management, public speaking all around
the country. I’ve been doing that for probably about 10 or 15 years. What actually
got me started at USC was I received a teaching grant to do a leadership class and
it was originally a hybrid political science leadership class and I took a group of
20 students to Washington D.C. over spring break. We met with some members of South
Carolina’s delegation, we met with the chief judge of the D.C. court of appeals, met
with the program director for the National Science Foundation and had an opportunity
to essentially interview all of these leaders and after that experience it was just
a class I wanted to teach more. This was around the time I became director of the
Carolina Leadership Initiative and we were putting this Leadership minor together
and we said we need a gateway course for this minor and my class essentially became
it.

CTE: What are some of the leadership skills and concepts that you really wanted to
focus on in the class?

Randazzo: I wanted to do a combination of a theoretical approach but also applied skills and
strategies. I wanted my students to understand some of the underlying principles of
leadership. Things like developing visions, the importance of values—stuff like that.
But I also didn’t want the class to focus solely on theory. I wanted to develop skills
on conflict management, public speaking, team building, communications strategies
so that my students would understand some of that theoretical approach but then have
the confidence to be able to incorporate it into their lives right away. So I felt
that building up these skills was an important part.

CTE: What are some of the things that make USC a good place for students to develop
leadership skills?

Randazzo: I think part of what started this all was President Pastides and the vision that
he outlined for the university that focused primarily on leadership. Things like Graduation
with Leadership Distinction, the Carolina Leadership Initiative, the minor. I think
he very much wanted students to learn not just the substance of a particular discipline
but how to engage and lead within that discipline. That’s a message that I fundamentally
believe. I think this university more so than some others has really tried to make
leadership a central component for every student regardless of what they major in.

CTE: What did you learn from the experience of developing the leadership minor?

Randazzo: I probably learned two fundamental things and one sort of reinforced what I already
suspected. It’s that leadership exists across disciplines. It’s not a subject that
is best talked about in isolation of something else. And I think too often that’s
what happens on campuses. We talk about leadership as if it exists in a vacuum and
we don’t connect it into the laboratory or the practice room or the classroom or the
office or things like that. And I think the more we can connect leadership to specific
disciplines the better that resonates with students.

The second thing that I’ve learned is that leadership, because it affects all disciplines,
it truly is multidisciplinary. It’s interdisciplinary. Even though we need to connect
it into each of those disciplines, we have to be very very careful that we don’t isolate
ourselves from what’s happening in other disciplines because my students in political science can learn from students in pharmacy, in
public health, in music about leadership and they can borrow some of the experiences
or the skills that students in some of these other areas have and use that to shape
their own leadership styles.

CTE: What are some of the most interesting or successful projects that resulted from
that experience of developing the minor?

Randazzo: One that I was really proud of was developed by my students-my leadership scholars
and that was to try and bring leadership to all 30,000 students on campus but to do
so in a way that they would meet students where they lived rather than try and get
the students to come to us. So they developed a slogan called “Spurred to Lead.” And
that slogan captured a leadership model and approach that had three levels. It had
an individual level. It had a small group, team level. Then it had a larger community,
society level. And they started organizing events that would showcase all three of
those levels. And this is currently what is the leadership week that the university
has. So on one day they would have just individual students demonstrate what they
love to do. Maybe one person would be painting out on the horseshoe. Another person
would be playing his saxophone in front of the Russell House. Then they organized
a group or team level and they showcased the numerous associations that we have on
campus. Then they connected in with the days of service that the university sponsors
and did community wide project to make a change there. And I thought that was really
cool to see that student sort of creativity come alive and get manifested across campus.

The second thing that I was really proud of was in terms of the minor itself. When
we started there were a handful of individuals that expressed an interest and when
the minor first launched I think immediately we had three people enroll. But within
a year – and using some of the teaching grants to get more courses approved – those
three individuals exploded and now we have I think approximately 75 that have officially
minored in leadership studies. After doing some research across some other state flagship
institutions, those that have minors in leadership, and not all do, those that do
typically only get about a dozen or 15 students that enroll. So the fact that we 75
is a tremendous testament to what we’re doing at USC in terms of leadership. I think
that’s great.

CTE: What advice and guidance would you give to faculty who are interested in integrating
leadership into their courses?

Randazzo: I think there are two ways that you can go about incorporating. One is a case study
approach. No matter what discipline someone is teaching in, I think if they can identify
a couple of prominent leaders within that field and have students do a case study
on those individuals. How they became leaders. What challenges they faced and where
their failures and successes occurred. That’s a great way to get students thinking
about leadership from a discipline specific standpoint.

Another approach would be to think about the fundamental or substantive skills that
students need in that area and then talk about how one would lead through those skills.
So if it’s in music, proficiency in one’s instrument or with their voice. What kind
of leadership skills would one need in the practice room or with an ensemble? If it’s
for nursing, what kind of skills do nurses need in terms of medicine, health care,
patient relationships? Those kind of things. And then talk about how one would lead
across acquiring those skills and implementing those skills in their discipline. I
think a combination of those two approaches would be really good for any class that
we have on campus.

CTE: What direction would you like to see the leadership initiative on campus move
toward?

Randazzo: Fundamentally what I would love to see is a continued yet more direct focus on developing
student’s as leaders. From that standpoint, I think that where we are now is that
most of the leadership development happens on the extracurricular side of student
experience. So in the division of student life there’s a leadership and service center
in the Russell House. They have a variety of programs that are designed to help students
become better leaders but those aren’t connected to the curricular side of the student
experience. That’s where I think we’re lacking. I think we have made some strides
in that area but we still have a tremendous way to go.

My concern is that if leadership development stays solely as an extracurricular phenomenon
then students aren’t necessarily going to see the importance of leadership in their
lives. They may recognize that leadership is important but they won’t see how it directly
connects to what they’re studying unless it comes through the classroom. So I think
we need to do more to get additional faculty teaching about leadership either as an
explicit focus or sole or primary focus in a class or at least as a component for
every class that we teach on this campus.

CTE: What do you think will be the benefit to the university overall?

Randazzo: The benefit for the university will be producing generations of individuals who on
day one after graduation can go out and make a change a very positive change in their
corners of the world. We want students to engage. We want them to lead. We want them
to be role models for citizens around this country and around the world. I think the
more that we can give them leadership skills and confidence to try and not worry about
potential failure but use that as learning opportunities to continue to grow. The
more we can give our students that kind of confidence, the more I think we will see
USC make a tremendous impact in the greater community.