What geologic processes affect porosity (fracture, cementation, etc.) and how do they affect it?

Fracture and dissolution increase secondary porosity

Cementation, compaction, lithification decrease primary porosity

What is primary porosity? Secondary porosity?

Primary-space that remains between solids grains or crystals immediately after a sediment accumulates or a rock forms
Secondary-new pore space in rocks created sometime after a rock first forms

How does pumping affect the water table?

Lowers locally and creates cone shape

Be able to speculate where springs might be located.

-Where ground surface intersects the water table in a discharge area, such springs typically emit water upward into rivers, ponds, or valley floors
-where a perched water table intersects the surface of a hill
-where downward-percolating water runs into a continuous impermeable layer and migrates along the top surface of the layer to a hillslope
-where a particularly permeable layer or zone intersects the surface of a hill, water percolates down through the hill and then migrates along the permeable layer to the hill face
-where a network of interconnected fractures channels groundwater to the surface of a hill
-where flowing groundwater collides with a steep impermeable barrier, and pressure pushes it up to the ground along the barrier, faulting can create such barriers by juxtaposing impermeable rock against permeable rock
-ARTESIAN SPRINGS form if the ground surface intersects a natural fracture (joint) that taps a confined aquifer in which the pressure is sufficient to drive the water to the surface