I'm looking for broad information regarding how horn speakers work. This is for an academic project, so sources to cite would be awesome. Any books, periodicals, or web sites would be very helpful. This webpage has been very helpful, but I need materials that I can cite with credibility. The more the better. I know the bare basics, I'm looking for some deeper descriptions/explanations. Thanks,

While by no means a complete listing nor any any particular order, but between these and their bibliographies you should be fairly 'up to speed' :

GM

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L.F. Horn Design & Driver Parameters

[001] Title: Design Factors in Horn-Type Speakers
Publication: AES-J, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 276 (1953)
Author: Daniel J. Plach
Abstract: Maximum efficiency in a horn unit can be
achieved only if a conjugate match exists between
driver and horn. This match is possible only if the
unloaded resonance of the driver is greater than horn
cutoff frequency. Since the throat resistance of a
finite

[002] Title: On the Specification of Moving-Coil
Drivers for Low-Frequency Horn-Loaded Loudspeakers
Publication: AES-J, Vol. 27, No. 12, pp. 950 (1979)
Author: W. Marshall Leach, Jr.
Abstract: A procedure is presented for the design
from specifications of moving-coil drivers for
low-frequency horn-loaded loudspeakers. The method
permits specification of the upper and lower system
cutoff frequencies, the volume of the cavity behind
the driver,

[007] Title: Suitability of Low-Frequency Drivers for
Horn-Loaded Loudspeaker Systems
Publication: AES-P, No. 1251, Cnv. 57, (1977-05)
Author: Richard H. Small
Abstract: The efficiency, bandwidth and power
capacity of low-frequency horn-loaded loudspeaker
systems are directly affected by the parameters of
the driver used. Three new composite driver
parameters, formed by simple combination of the basic
parameters, give a

[016] Title: The Dual Coil Inductively Coupled
Loudspeaker System Performance Optimization and the
Application of an Acoustic Phase Correction Plug
Publication: AES-P, No. 2780, Cnv. 86 ( 1989-03)
Author: Boaz Elieli
Abstract: Analysis of the dual coil inductively
coupled loudspeaker system using an electrical
equivalent circuit is presented, and some of the
practical design aspects relating to the system
optimization are discussed. The application of an
acoustic phase correct

[018] Title: An Investigation of the Air Chamber of
Horn Type Loudspeakers
Publication: ASA-J, Vol. 25, No. 2, Pg. 305-312,
Mar-1953
Author: Bob H. Smith
Abstract: The front air chamber design is treated as
a boundary value problem which yields a solution of
the wave equation for the general case in which the
horn throat enters the air chamber in a
circumferentially symmetrical manner.

[020] Title: Acoustical Studies of the Tractrix Horn.
I
Publication: ASA-J, Vol. 26, No. 6, Pg. 1024-1033,
Nov-1954
Author: Robert F. Lambert
Abstract: Acoustical properties of the tractrix horn
are modeled, measured and compared in a two part
article.

[024] Title: A Modeling and Measurement Study of
Acoustic Horns
Author: Post, John Theodore
Publication: Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University Of Texas
at Austin, 1994. Source: Dissertation Abstracts
International, Vol. 55-06, Sec. B, Pg. 2246, UMI Co.
Abstract: Although acoustic horns have been in use
for thousands of years, formal horn design only began
approximately 80 years ago with the pioneering effort
of A. G. Webster. In this dissertation, the
improvements to Webster's original horn model are
reviewed and the lack of analytical progress since
Webster is noted. In an attempt to augment the
traditional methods of analysis, a semi-analytical
technique presented by Rayleigh is extended. Although
Rayleigh's method is not based on one-dimensional
wave

__________________Loud is Beautiful if it's Clean! As always though, the usual disclaimers apply to this post's contents.

[109] Title: Prediction and Measurement of the
One-Parameter Behavior of Horns
Publication: AES-J, Vol. 39, No 5, pp. 315 (1991)
Author: K. R. Holland
Author: F. J. Fahy
Author: C. L. Morfey
Abstract: It is investigated to what extent aspects
of the performance of horns can be modeled using
Webster‚?Ts one-parameter horn equation. A computer
model, based on Webster‚?Ts equation, is described.
Its results are compared to measurements. It is shown
that a ‚?¶

Propagation in any horn with flared walls is not 1P;
thus, Webster's equation is only an approximate
solution whose accuracy deteriorates with the flair
angle. Pressure across the isophase surface is not
uniform nor is the phase velocity between these
surfaces. I suspect that vector sum of spreading
velocity and forward propagation total to some "c"
that may be a function of frequency. You must cast
your formula in an orthogonal coordinate system for
the flair formula you are using. At a minimum, a 2p
model should yield better results. At high
frequencies, my conjecture is that sound propagation
follows the caustic in the case of a spiral. If this
were true, the process of transformation would be an
extremely important discovery.
When ever I think about your Cornu, hurricanes,
tornadoes, dust devils and toilet flushes come to
mind, which arouses the suspicion that their may be
an advantage to guiding sound propagation in this
fashion.
Well, enough speculation and on to some more
references regarding horn modeling: