As in our century, the dramatic advance of the science and medical technologies has led the advance of living standards. Even though the elderly people are increasing, the underwear for elderly women is not so various. As getting older, women`s body shape is changing. But the most of underwear in the market are designed for the twenties whose body shape and proportion is generally stable. Besides, as the color and material of underwear are designed for young women, the elderly women have a poor choice of the underwear. The results of this study are listed in the following: (a) analyzing the current status of the underwear market for elderly women (b) searching what elderly take inconvenience in underwear, and (c) wearing test for search what elderly take inconvenience in brassier.

The purpose of this study was to segment home-shopper market by using the demographic characteristics. This study enables a better unders landing of home-shoppers and improving the strategy of marketing. The specific objects of this study are as follow: First, it was to exam market segmentations by demographic factors using mixture model. Second, it was to exam shopping orientations of fashion merchandise according to segmentation groups. The data was collected from 637 subjects who had used the home shopping more than one time in a year. The data was analysised through frequencies, factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan`s mutiple range tests with SPSS 12.0 and Mixture model. The results of data are as follows: 1. The result of market segmentation as demographic factor using Mixture model was extracted to 4 market segments called 20`s/ unmarried stage, 30`s/ children bearing & rearing stage, 40`s/ families with children`s education stage, 50`s/ aging stage. 2. Shopping orientations were extracted to 5 factors called a pleasure oriented, convenience oriented, off-line oriented, human oriented, thrift oriented.

The objectives of this study were to group female consumer types according to cosmetics benefits sought at online and off-line cosmetic shopping malls, and to investigate the differences in consumer values, cosmetic purchase behaviors, and demographic variables according to the consumer types. Subjects were 451 females residing in Seoul, of whom 212 were online shoppers and 239 were off-line shoppers. Five dimensions of cosmetics benefits sought were derived by factor analysis. These were functionality, economy, brand, fashion, and practicality. The female consumers were classified into four benefits sought types by cluster analysis of the five dimensions: T.1 `practicality sought type`, T.2 `economy sought type`, T.3 `brand function sought type`, and T.4 `economic function sought type`. Economy sought consumers purchased cosmetics much more from online shopping malls than from off-line. The cosmetics expenses of practicality sought online consumers were low and many of them were in their 20`s and middle-class. Economy sought online consumers preferred domestic brand, their cosmetics expenses were low, and many of them were career women. Practicality sought off-line consumers were high in independent value. Economy sought off-line consumers were low in independent value and social approval value, preferred domestic brand, and distributed more in college students than in career women. Brand function sought off-line consumers purchased cosmetics at department store and regarded social approval value as important. Economic function sought off-line consumers were distributed in middle-class and in diverse age range.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of product variables(i.e., fashionability, brand fame) and situational variables(i.e., time constraint, usage occasion) on the internet browsing behavior (i.e., prepurchase search; ongoing search for products, stores, fashion trends, promotions, and post-purchasing information) for fashion products. This study developed hypothetical scenarios based on the factorial design of the two independent variables for the survey with a questionnaire. All items in the questionnaire were measured on a six-point scale. By convenience sampling and on-line survey, a total of 209 usable responses were used for further analyses. The results show as follows; firstly, respondents more intensively browse for information search on products, stores and fashion trends when the style of browsing products is trendy. Secondly, whether the fashion products have a famous brand name or not has a significant influence on browsing behavior for stores and fashion trends information search. Thirdly, time constraint is found to influence significantly on respondents` browsing for promotions information search. Lastly, occasion for product worn shows a significant influence on browsing behavior for stores and fashion trends information search. The managerial implications are provided based on findings.

Toes socks are used widely for the health of feet. However, discomfort is one of the major complains from toes socks users. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of functional fibers on the physiological response and wearing sensation of toes socks. For experiment, two different toes socks with cotton/warm fiber(WS) and cotton/chitosan fiber(CS) were knitted automatically by a computer controlled flat knitting machine. The control toes socks with cotton/nylon/polyurethan(TS) were prepared to compare the properties. Experiments were conducted in a climate room of , R.H. The results of this study were as follows. The change of heart rate, pulse rate, and mean skin temperature showed no difference among three different socks. However, skin temperature of TS was evaluated higher than that of WS and CS. After exercise wearing WS both instep temperature and sole temperature of women tend to higher compared to men. Wet sensation and overall comfort sensation of toes socks were significantly influenced by different fiber contents. Subjects evaluated WS and CS more comfortable than TS.

The purpose of this paper was to present the proximity of clothing to self(PCS) which is a subjective measure developed by Sontag and Lee(2004). PCS is the scale to examine the relationship between self and clothing. Since PCS scale was prepared for American consumers, it is necessary to verify the validity as a measure to Korean consumers. Consumers` quality of life are functionally related to satisfaction with all of life`s domain and subdomains. Clothing in life facilitates the creativity and expressiveness to the wearer, especially to adolescent. The concept of bottom-up spillover effect developed by Lee et al.(2002) was adopted as research model. Data were gathered by surveying university students using convenient sampling, 419 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. It was proved that PCS scale was effective measure to Korean consumers. And also PCS scale could be a proxy indicator in view of the fact that clothing was deeply related to consumers` quality of life.

Eco-friendly processing using enzymes has been focused in textile industry in order to reduce environmental pollutions. This paper was suggested to hydrolyze non-cellulose, such as fats and waxes in cotton fabrics by lipase treatment. Enzymatic treatment conditions were controlled according to pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and treatment time. The physical properties of the lipase-treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by measuring weight loss, moisture regain and dyeing properties. The surface morphology of lipase-treated cotton fabrics were observed by SEM. As a result, the optimum conditions for the lipase treatment were at pH 4.2, temperature 50, concentration 50%, and treatment time 90 minutes. Calcium chloride and Triton X-100 were effective auxiliaries in lipase treatment.

The present study analyzed the differences of advertisement design, expression method, and appeal types in the men`s fashion product advertisement from men`s magazines between 1996 and 2006, according to the year, season, and the type of the magazine. The magazines chosen for the analysis were Korean Esquire, GQ, and Shin-dong-a. 2058 advertisement out of 88 sample magazines were chosen and analyzed by frequency, and chi-square using SPSS statistic package. The results of the study were as follows. First of all, there were more advertisements without copy, and even when the copy was used, it was used as a headline only. Secondly the poster style layout was used more frequently than other layouts, and one male model wearing the product was the most popular. Thirdly the types of appeal in advertisement, sensuous appeal was most frequently used. The results of the study showed that there is little advertisement differentiation in men`s fashion product advertisement. Therefore in order to draw consumer`s attention. various and unique advertisement design should be implemented.

The effects of resin finish and dyeabilities of four kinds of Iyocell fabrics that were manufactured by four kinds of pulps were investigated. The dyeabilities of Iyocell fabrics were similar, but differed from cotton fabric. In early stage of 30 minutes, cotton fabric was shown higher dye exhaustion ratio than Iyocell fabrics, however after then cotton fabric did not increase dye exhaustion, Iyocell fabrics increased continuously. At last, the dye exhaustion ratio of Iyocell fabrics were about 75% and that of cotton fabric was 65%. Two kinds of experimental procedures were applied for Iyocell fabrics. One was what the fabrics were treated with resins and washed with cellulase, and then dyed with reactive dyes. The other procedure was the fabrics were dyed with reactive dyes, and then applied the resin treatments and cellulase washing. After fibrillation and washing the undyed Iyocell fabric and the Iyocell fabric that was dyed with C.I.Reactive Red 120, their weight loss ratios were 3.5% and 2.8%, respectively. Dyeing with reactive dyes caused the crosslinking between cellulose and dyes and the crosslinking decreased fibrillation. The weight loss by enzyme washing of Iyocell fabrics decreased by the glyoxal and melamine resin treatments. The reduction of weight loss can be caused by fibrillation decrease. Dyeing and resin treating can be showed the synergic effect on the reduction of fibrillation. The effect of glyoxal resin on the reduction of fibrillation was a little better than that of melamine resin.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze how differences in lifestyle affect the consumer decision making process on Korean and Chinese consumers. We conducted a survey on 210 female college students to gather the data needed. Through this study we were able to distinguish five different type of lifestyles; the confident, the charismatic, the vogue pursuing, the competitive, and the sociable. We also found out that the consumers of Korea and China with different lifestyles act differently throughout the decision making process. Chinese consumers were more influenced by advertising than Korean consumers. Korean and Chinese consumers also showed a difference in the perception of cosmetic prices, purchasing motivations, types of cosmetics, and where it was made from. Both Chinese and Korean consumers are influenced by salesperson more than any other marketing variables at point of purchase. The findings of this study are expected to help marketer make successful marketing strategy for cosmetics business in China.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clothing materials on the atopic determatitis of atopic patients. A questionnaire was used as the measurement tool of this study. The survey of questionnaire was performed for atopic patients of 987. For the statistical analysis of data, -test and percentage of SPSS were used. In the analysis results of the clothing materials which are both effective and ineffective against atopic determatitis, the results indicate that the most effective clothing materials for atopic determatitis were the those containing natural aroma and the most ineffective clothing materials for atopic determatitis were the those containing nylon. In the difference analysis results of both the relapse materials and the relapse factors for atopic determatitis according to demographic variables, both the relapse materials and the relapse factors for atopic determatitis showed a significant difference according to gender, age, educational background, monthly income, and occupation. Consequently, the results of this study will help develop the clothing materials suitable for atopic patients and lay the foundation for managing atopic determatitis more effectively through the rational choice of clothing of atopic patients.

The gaiter is one of the personal protective equipments worn in various industrial sites. This study was performed on humans to investigate the physiological strain of wearing gaiters and to compare control gaiters that are currently on the market and new gaiters that are developed for alleviating heat stress. Experiments were conducted in a climatic chamber of WBGT under five differed experimental conditions: None, Control A, Control B, New A, New B. The results were as follows. The temperature inside gaiters was significantly lower in both New A and New B than in both Control A and Control B and the difference between news and controls was 1 (p in wearing gaiters than in no gaiters. Skin temperatures in lower body were lower in Control than in New and skin temperature in upper body were higher in Control than in New (p

The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences in clothing consumption behaviors among female consumer groups in their twenties and to understand the type of consumer group pursuing fast fashion. Questionnaire survey was conducted to 230 female consumers residing in Seoul and Kyung Gi area from June 18 to 29 in 2007, and 178 were used for data analysis. Data analysis were conducted with SPSS 12 program on the reliability test, factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan`s multiple range test. Factors analyses were employed for the attitude toward fashion and shopping, and shopping motives. Four factors were formulated for the attitude toward fashion: interest in fashion, fashion-orientation, fashion leadership and fashion conformity. Six factors for the attitude toward shopping were found: information searching, shopping enjoyment, store patronage, impulse buying, brand-orientation and convenience. Buying motives for fashion goods were classified into 3 factors: for matching & occasion, to-be-in-fashion and for necessity. Four clusters were identified based on the attitude toward fashion: the fashion-interested, the fashion-indifferent, fashion leaders and the individuality-oriented. Among the groups, significant differences were found in information searching, shopping enjoyment and store patronage. Fashion leaders tended to spend more for expensive and up-to-dated fashion items, and for higher quantity than other groups. Consequently fashion leaders showed attractive customer characteristics for the fast fashion companies.

This study aims at examining how male college students` extent of mass media exposure affects their sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance orientation. It also investigates how these variables show difference depending on the individual`s self-efficacy. For the study, data were collected from 397 male students by means of stratified random sampling. The results are as follows: 1. Male college students `sociocultural attitude toward appearance was shown in two factors of appearance internalization and appearance awareness. Appearance orientation was shown in two factors of interest in appearance and interest in body weight. 2. Male college students were exposed to mass media in order of videos, movies, TV entertainment shows, music and movie magazines. The influence of video media was strong. 3. Male college students` extent of mass media exposure exerted indirect influence through sociocultural attitude toward appearance rather than exerting direct influence on appearance orientation. 4. Male college students` appearance orientation varied depending on the extent of self-efficacy, and higher self-efficacy showed higher appearance orientation and appearance attitude. Especially the group with higher self-efficacy showed higher appearance attitude when the extent of exposure to mass media increased.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of motif categories and motif colors on evaluating impressions of dress wearers. The research was conducted on a quasi experimental basis, with subjects numbering 187 male and 207 female college students. Data were collected in the period from march 19th to march 31st, 2007. A set of stimuli of dress wearers and semantic differential scales were developed. The stimuli were thirteen photographs editing by Youngwoo CAD system. Variables included; (a) motif colour(red, blue, achromatic and white) (b) motif categories(flower, paisley, stripes, zebra effect and plain). The semantic differential scale to measure impressions of dress wearer stimuli included 22 sets of hi-polar adjectives. The data were analysed by factor analysis and ANOVA and the major finding were as follows. Four factors emerged to account for dimension of impression. There were salience, attractiveness, comfort and femininity. The motif category effected on the four impression dimensions while the motif color effected on salience, comfort and softness sensory dimensions, and the results supported the gestalt theory of the impression perception.