Abstract : Two main targets of European and French energy policies are reduction of energy dependency and greenhouse gas mitiga-tion. Energy conservation is unavoidable in order to reach these two goals. The Building sector is the largest end use in Europe, and also the largest CO 2 emitter (if power plant emissions are included in final energy consumption). It is now well admitted that drastic decrease of buildings energy consumption and CO 2 emissions need an intensive retrofitting of building stock, especially housing. This work evaluates various refurbishment scenarios outlook for 2030 of French dwelling stock: Business As Usual (BaU) or accelerate rates, usual technologies or Best Available Technologies (BATs). Emerging technologies (not yet available but with strong potential) are introduced among "on the shelf " technologies. Studied scenarios include energy efficiency actions as well as energy substitution. Estimations of technical investment cost of studied scenarios are presented. The calculations are done using the MIeL « Modeling of the Impact of Energy measures for housing » software, developed by EDF and built following a bottom-up approach.