HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON P SYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 1 Chapter 10 Question: What are the major theories of development? MAJOR THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT.

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Presentation on theme: "HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON P SYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 1 Chapter 10 Question: What are the major theories of development? MAJOR THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT."— Presentation transcript:

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON P SYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 1 Chapter 10 Question: What are the major theories of development? MAJOR THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT Some psychologists believe that biological factors play a greater role in development, while others contend that environmental factors are most important Some psychologists also assert that development occurs in stages, while others believe that development occurs continuously Section 1: The Study of Development

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON P SYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 3 Chapter 10 Question: What are some of the ways infants and children develop socially? SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN Attachment Attachment – begins at about the age of 4 months when infants develop specific attachments to their main caregivers Styles of Parenting Styles of Parenting - 2 types Warm or Cold – warm parents show a great deal of affection to their children but cold parents may not be as affectionate toward their children Strict or Permissive – strict parents impose very strict rules whereas permissive parents impose fewer rules Child Care Child Care – has both positive and negative effects on social development Self-Esteem Self-Esteem – value or worth that people attach to themselves Section 3: Social Development

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON P SYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 4 Chapter 10 Question: What are the stages in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development? PIAGET’S THEORY Four stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development: 1.Sensorimotor Stage 1.Sensorimotor Stage – learning to coordinate sensation and perception with motor activity 2.Preoperational Stage 2.Preoperational Stage – children begin to use language to represent objects 3.Concrete-Operational Stage 3.Concrete-Operational Stage – begins at about the age of seven when children begin to show signs of adult thinking 4.Formational-Operational Stage 4.Formational-Operational Stage – begins at about puberty and represents cognitive maturity Section 4: Cognitive Development

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON P SYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 5 Chapter 10 Question: What are the stages in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? KOHLBERG’S THEORY Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development follows a specific sequence: 1.Preconventional Level 1.Preconventional Level – through the age of nine most children base their judgment on the consequence of behavior 2.Conventional Level 2.Conventional Level – judgments are made in terms of whether an act conforms to conventional standards of right and wrong 3.Postconventional Level 3.Postconventional Level – reasoning based on a person’s own moral standards of goodness Section 4: Cognitive Development