en fr Contribution to the study of the last steps in the biosynthesis of anatoxin-a, a neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria Contribution à létude des dernières étapes de la biosynthèse de lanatoxine-a, une neurotoxine produi

Abstract : Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic ubiquiterious prokaryotes which produce a high range of secondary metabolites including toxins. Among these cyanotoxins anatoxin-a is a potent neurotoxin which causes the rapid death on ingestion. The death is caused by respiratory failure because these alkaloid are potent agonists of the nicotinic alcetylcholine receptor. The team in which I did my PhD thesis studies the biosynthesis of anatoxin-a and of its derivatives in cyanobacteria. Preceding works by our team have permitted the identification of the cluster of genes that is responsible for the biosynthesis of anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a in the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. PCC 6506. A biosynthetic pathway from proline was also proposed by the team. I have worked on the final stages of this biosynthesis pathway which probably involves a polyketide synthase PKS, AnaG, and a thioesterase, AnaA. During these stages, the homoanatoxin-a precursor is likely condensed to one acetate unit, and then it is subjected to a methylation, a hydrolysis and a decarboxylation , to yield homoanatoxin-a. The PKS AnaG possesses neither a thioesterase domain nor a decarboxylase domain, and the last steps of the biosynthesis are therefore not well defined. We have chosen to express different domains of AnaG in Escherichia coli to obtain more information on these steps. We have also attempted by chemical synthesis to prepare an analog of the substrate of AnaG. With these tools in hand and with the use of mass spectrometry we hope to be able to confirm the biosynthetic pathway we have put forth. We have also studied the biosynthesis of dihydroanatoxin-a in Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417.