The paper presents an interpretation of the Bulgar military title syubigi, of the name of the idol Fa, and of the sign IYI. These elements may serve as evidence of Bulgar contacts with China during the first centuries AD

Al-Biruni’s description of the Khorezmian "kalandas" festival, which is similar to those of the Balkans, the north Pontus and the Caucasus
Khazar-Khorezmian relations, Judean influences from Khorezm to Khazaria