1.
19 (number)
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19 is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. In a 24-hour clock, the hour is in conventional language called seven or seven oclock. 19 is the 8th prime number, the sequence continues 23,29,31,37. 19 is the seventh Mersenne prime exponent,19 is the fifth happy number and the third happy prime. 19 is the sum of two odd discrete semiprimes,65 and 77 and is the base of the 19-aliquot tree. 19 is the number of fourth powers needed to sum up to any natural number. It is the value of g.19 is the lowest prime centered triangular number, a centered hexagonal number. The only non-trivial normal magic hexagon contains 19 hexagons,19 is the first number with more than one digit that can be written from base 2 to base 19 using only the digits 0 to 9, the other number is 20. 19 is The TCP/IP port used for chargen, astronomy, Every 19 years, the solar year and the lunar year align in whats known as the metonic cycle. Quran code, There have been claims that patterns of the number 19 are present a number of times in the Quran. The Number of Verse and Sura together in the Quran which announces Jesus son of Maryams birth, in the Bábí and Baháí faiths, a group of 19 is called a Váhid, a Unity. The numerical value of this word in the Abjad numeral system is 19, the Baháí calendar is structured such that a year contains 19 months of 19 days each, as well as a 19-year cycle and a 361-year supercycle. The Báb and his disciples formed a group of 19, There were 19 Apostles of Baháulláh. With a similar name and anti-Vietnam War theme, I Was Only Nineteen by the Australian group Redgum reached number one on the Australian charts in 1983, in 2005 a hip hop version of the song was produced by The Herd. 19 is the name of Adeles 2008 debut album, so named since she was 19 years old at the time, hey Nineteen is a song by American jazz rock band Steely Dan, written by members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen, and released on their 1980 album Gaucho. Nineteen has been used as an alternative to twelve for a division of the octave into equal parts and this idea goes back to Salinas in the sixteenth century, and is interesting in part because it gives a system of meantone tuning, being close to 1/3 comma meantone. Some organs use the 19th harmonic to approximate a minor third and they refer to the ka-tet of 19, Directive Nineteen, many names add up to 19,19 seems to permeate every aspect of Roland and his travelers lives. In addition, the ends up being a powerful key

2.
19 BC
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At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Saturninus and Vespillo. The denomination 19 BC for this year has been used since the medieval period. In Rome, Lucius Cornelius Balbus receives the honor of a triumph on the Forum Romanum, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa completes the Aqua Virgo, the aqueduct is 21 kilometers in length and supplies the city of Rome with about 100,000,000 liters of water every day. The Cantabrians, living on the northernmost coast of Spain, are brought under Roman control, the region is completely subdued until 16 BC. Vipsania Julia Agrippina, daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder Virgil, Roman poet Albius Tibullus, Roman poet

3.
1919
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As of the start of 1919, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. January 1 The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the free city of Pressburg. HMY Iolaire sinks off the coast of Scotland,206 die, edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company. January 5 Spartacist uprising, Socialist demonstrations in Berlin, Germany turn into an attempted communist revolution, in Germany, the German Workers Party, predecessor of the Nazi Party, is formed by merger of Anton Drexlers Committee of Independent Workmen with journalist Karl Harrers Political Workers Circle. January 7 The beginning of the Tragic Week in Argentina, an anarchist uprising in Buenos Aires, Estonian War of Independence, With Soviet Russian forces just 40 km of the capital Tallinn, Estonian forces start a general and successful counter-offensive against the Red Army. January 9 – Friedrich Ebert orders the Freikorps into action in Berlin, January 10–12 – The Freikorps attacks Spartacist supporters around Berlin. January 13 – Workers councils in Berlin end the general strike, January 14 – Estonian War of Independence, Estonian forces liberate Tartu from the Red Army. January 15 Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are murdered following the Spartacist uprising, great Molasses Flood, A wave of molasses released from an exploding storage tank sweeps through Boston, Massachusetts, killing 21 and injuring 150. January 16 The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing Prohibition, is ratified, pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes the second Prime Minister of Poland. January 18 World War I, The Paris Peace Conference opens at the Palace of Versailles, Estonian War of Independence, Estonian forces liberate Narva, expelling the Red Army from Northern Estonia. Bentley Motors Limited is founded in England, January 19 The Monarchy of the North is established in Northern Portugal. January 21 Dáil Éireann meets for the first time in the Mansion House, in the first shots of the Anglo-Irish War, two Royal Irish Constabulary men are killed in an ambush at Soloheadbeg in Tipperary. Gojong, the first emperor of the Korean Empire, dies, January 23 – The Khotin Uprising breaks out in Khotyn, Ukraine. January 25 – The League of Nations is founded in Paris, January 31 – Battle of George Square, The British Army is called in to deal with riots during negotiations over working hours in Glasgow, Scotland. February 1 – Estonian War of Independence, Estonian forces liberate Valga and Võru, february 3 – Soviet troops occupy Ukraine. February 4-5 – Pressburg becomes capital of Slovakia, february 6 – The Seattle General Strike begins in the United States, affecting over 65,000 workers. February 11 Friedrich Ebert is elected first President of Germany by the Weimar National Assembly, the Seattle General Strike ends when Federal troops are summoned by the State of Washingtons Attorney General. February 12 – Ethnic Germans and Hungarian inhabitants of Pressburg start a protest against its incorporation into Czechoslovakia, february 14 – The Polish–Soviet War begins with the Battle of Bereza Kartuska

4.
19 (Adele album)
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19 is the debut studio album by British singer Adele. It was first released on 28 January 2008, through XL Recordings, following Adeles graduation from the BRIT School for Performing Arts & Technology in May 2006, she began publishing songs and recorded a three-song demo for a class project and gave it to a friend. The friend posted the demo on Myspace, where it very successful. Adele wrote most of the albums material solely, but did work with a few writers and producers including Jim Abbiss, Eg White. Their collaborations created a blue-eyed soul album with lyrics describing heartbreak,19 also won and was nominated for numerous accolades including a Mercury Prize, and the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. The second single, Chasing Pavements also won the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards. Four singles were released from the album, with Chasing Pavements and Make You Feel My Love reaching the top ten on the UK Singles Chart and the former becoming Adeles first Billboard Hot 100 entry. 19 debuted at one on the UK charts during its release. Peaking at number four on the US Billboard 200 in 2012, the album has sold over 3 million copies in the United States. Four months after graduation, she published two songs on the issue of the online arts publication PlatformsMagazine. com. She had recorded a demo for a class project and given it to a friend. The friend posted the demo on Myspace, where it very successful and led to a phone call from Richard Russell. She doubted if the offer was real because the record company she knew was Virgin Records. Nick Huggett, at XL, recommended Adele to manager Jonathan Dickins at September Management, September was managing Jamie T at the time and this proved a major draw for Adele, a big fan of the British singer-songwriter. Huggett then signed Adele to XL in September 2006, Adele recorded a cover of Bob Dylans Make You Feel My Love on the recommendation of her manager Jonathan Dickins, who loved the song. The first single released from 19 was Chasing Pavements, which Adele wrote in collaboration with Eg White, Chasing Pavements was inspired by an incident Adele had with a former boyfriend of six months. After learning he had cheated on her, she went to the bar he was at, after being thrown out, Adele walked down the street alone and thought to herself, What is it youre chasing. She sang and recorded it on her phone and arranged the chords when she got home

5.
19 (Evan Yo album)
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19 is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Evan Yos debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released by Sony Music Taiwan on 6 October 2006, the album is named 19 because Yo was nineteen when the album was released and all the tracks are composed by him. A second edition was released on 12 December 2006, 19+1 Celebration Edition and it included a bonus DVD with three music videos and behind-the-scenes footage, as listed in the Music video section. Intro 夢不落帝國 Can You Hear Me 城外 超人不在家 我可以 旋轉門 簡單 熱氣球 翻不完的夏天 我想要說8 Bit 城外 MV 我可以 MV 翻不完的夏天 MV

6.
19 (Alsou album)
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19 is Alsous fourth studio album, was released in Russia on January 23,2003. This album includes songs in Russian and Tatar languages, Alsou wrote one of the songs. The album was successful in Russia, with the sales of over 800,000 copies. To support this album, Alsou gave live performances during 2003 and 2004 in Russia, Tatarstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Israel, the tour was very successful as well. Official website Алсу - 19- Russian CDs

7.
19 (song)
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19 is a song by British musician Paul Hardcastle released as the first single from his self-titled third studio album Paul Hardcastle. The song has a strong message, focusing on Americas involvement in the Vietnam War. The track was notable for use of sampled and processed speech, in particular a synthesized stutter effect used on the words nineteen. It also includes various non-speech, re-dubbed sampling, such as crowd noise, in 2009, the song placed at 73 on VH1s 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the 80s. 19 became the single in 13 countries. This was helped by the fact that versions of the song, spoken by local news anchors, were recorded in French, Spanish, German. The song received the Ivor Novello award for Best-selling single of 1985, the songs English-language release came in three different 12 versions - Extended Version, Destruction Mix and The Final Story, each with an alternative cover design. I was out having fun in pubs and clubs when I was 19, not being shoved into jungles, the title 19 comes from the documentarys claim that the average age of an American combat soldier in the war was 19, as compared to World War IIs 26. This claim has since been disputed, undisputed statistics do not exist, although Southeast Asia Combat Area Casualties Current File, the source for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, shows a large number of deaths were ages 19 or 20. According to the source,23 is the average age at time of death. The song also comments that while the tour of duty was longer during World War II, the songs pivotal hook, the repetitive N-n-n-n-nineteen, was chosen due to the limitations of the early sampling technology used. The E-mu Emulator could only sample for two seconds, so the hook was based around the bit of the narrative that made sense in two seconds. Hardcastle wasnt optimistic about the chances in the charts. His previous two singles for independent labels had failed to make it into the UKs Top 40 and the policy at Radio 1 was felt to be unsupportive of dance music. News interest in the song helped, with the 10th Anniversary of the End of the Vietnam War seeing Hardcastle interviewed by Alastair Stewart of ITN. Tony Blackburn, then breakfast DJ for Radio London was a supporter of the song and it quickly reached number 1 in the UK. Hardcastle produced different mixes of the song to maintain interest in it. The songs reliance on sampling also caused problems with legal clearance, Ken Grunbaum recalled in 2012 that there were no precedents for something like this

8.
Nineteen (song)
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Nineteen is a song written by Tom Hambridge, Jeffrey Steele, and Gary Nicholson. The song was recorded by Waycross, whose version peaked at number 54 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in July 2007. Taylor Hicks later recorded the song on his 2009 album The Distance and it was then recorded by country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus, on his album Im American, which was released on June 28,2011. Cyrus version of the song was released as the second single on September 26,2011. Clayton Bellamy also recorded it on his 2012 album Everyones a Dreamer, nineteen tells the story of a high school football standout, who turns down the University of Tennessee to serve in the Marines after watching the September 11 attacks. Taste of Country positively reviewed the song, rating it 4 stars out of five, the reviewer, Billy Dukes, comments on how many times the song has been recorded, but mentions that the song deserves the attention of the mainstream country audience. The song debuted at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week ending October 8,2011 and it is Cyrus first chart entry since A Good Day peaked at number 59 on the country chart in September 2009

9.
The Con (album)
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The Con is the fifth studio album by Canadian indie rock duo Tegan and Sara, released on July 24,2007. The album charted at number 4 in Canada, going gold, two singles were released from the album, Back in Your Head and The Con which both had music videos filmed for them. Guest performers on the album include Jason McGerr of Death Cab for Cutie, Matt Sharp of The Rentals and formerly of Weezer, Hunter Burgan of AFI, the album was written during a period of intense emotional turmoil for both Tegan and Sara. Sara was struggling with Canadian immigration to get her American-born girlfriend a working visa so they could live together, the twins were also mourning the death of their grandmother who, according to Tegan, had been like a second mother to them. She stated that these combined to make The Con very dark and also very much about reflecting on getting older, long-term relationships. The songs Tegan wrote for The Con were heavily influenced by Against Me. s album Against Me. as the Eternal Cowboy, the DVD edition of the album reveals the title track The Con was tentatively titled Encircle Me and Like O, Like H was previously titled SOS. In March 2007, the announced the release of The Con, along with the track listing. The Con was released on July 24,2007 on CD, vinyl, as announced on their MySpace blog, a special edition CD/DVD was released at the same time as the CD-only version. The CD/DVD release has a Parental Advisory warning for profanity on the DVD, the album debuted at number 4 in the Canadian Albums Chart. The album also debuted at number 34 on the U. S. Billboard 200, on week 2, the album fell out of the top 50, at No. 69, selling about 10,000 that week, totaling at 29,000, the album continued to chart that year until September, when it charted at number 192 before it fell out of the chart completely. In November, they released the Ill Take the Blame EP, which featured Back in Your Head, a remix of that song, and two new songs, released on CD and as a digital download. In 2008, the first single from the album was released which was Back in Your Head, released on CD and digital download in February, and a music video was filmed for the song. The second single released from the album was for The Con, a music video for Call It Off was also released on September 15,2008. They also went on tour for the album, and for the United States portion of their tour of this album. The Con received positive reviews from the media, scoring 80 out of 100 on review aggregator Metacritic, adding But this isnt to say that theres a kind of disparity or harsh contrast on The Con. BBC said that Throughout The Con Tegan and Sara navigate a course that is experimental and faithful to their pop music past. Alongside the lighter, less emotionally fraught leanings is a countering sharpness that cuts to the quick, ending the review saying With chameleonic deftness, Tegan and Sara have created a mystifyingly absurd but extraordinary album

10.
Renault 19
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The Renault 19 is a small family car that was produced by the French car manufacturer Renault between 1988 and 1996. In Turkey and in Argentina, production continued until 2000, the internal development code for the 19 was X53, with the five-door receiving the B53 chassis code, the three-door being the C53, the Chamade the L53, and the Cabriolet the D53. The R19 was presented in June 1988, with sales in the domestic French market beginning in September 1988 and it was the replacement for the 9 and 11, both of which were ageing and outdated by the late 1980s. The R19 went on sale in right-hand drive form for the British market in February 1989, the R19 was styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro, featuring Renaults new E-type 1.4 L engine and F-type 1.7 L versions. Base models originally used the OHV C-type Cléon 1.2 and 1.4 L engines, while originally only available with an atmospheric diesel engine, a turbocharged version appeared in early 1992. Intended to be Renaults last numeric-named car, the 19 ushered in a new naming policy, the saloon version was launched in 1989. In many markets the Chamade badge was dropped following the 1992 facelift, in 1991 a convertible bodystyle built by Karmann was first shown, few of these were built with the phase I design, as it was facelifted shortly afterwards. Although the R19s exterior design received a response, it was praised for its interior comfort. For the fuel injected top versions a four-speed automatic transmission became available in the fall of 1990, lesser versions still made do with four or five-speed manuals or a three-speed automatic. A convertible version appeared in early 1992, only available with the two most powerful engine options. With the facelift, smaller Energy-series units gradually replaced the old pushrod items, the R19 was sold in most of Europe until 1996, and was produced for South American markets in Argentina until 2000. Turkish production lasted a longer than in the rest of Europe. The R19s platform and running gear would continue to be used in its replacement, the first generation Renault Mégane, which lasted for seven years. The Renault 19 was awarded the 1989 Car of the Year in Spain and Germany,1990 Car of the Year in Ireland, the Renault 19 16S hot hatch, added to the lineup in the autumn of 1990, was the only Renault 19 with 16-valve engine. The S is for Soupapes, French for valves and it was praised for its excellent handling and rev-happy F7P engine which along with the advanced Renix ECU made it faster and more fuel efficient compared to most competitors. The braking system was uprated to include 259 mm vented discs on the front and 237 mm discs on the rear as well as a lower suspension setup. The very last models were called Executive and came with leather interior as standard, a 16S version was also produced in Europe which was equipped as above - however, the earliest models did not sport the bonnet vent. The phase 2 models gear ratios were revised to allow for the extra weight found in the safety equipment the later models carried