Dictum of Shaikh Nazami: “If a merchant should die in your country it is a perfidy to lay hands on his property”. Local village headmen and zamindars were made responsible for any loss that the merchant suffered on the roads.

Currency reforms; weights and measures

Chehra and dagh system

Tomb at Sasaram

Malik Md Jaisi during his time

Jizyah continued to be implemented.

Sher Shah was succeeded by his son Islam Shah in 1545

Mughals

Akbar

Born at Amarkot in 1542

1556: Second Battle of Panipat – vs Hemu

Zabti system of land revenue assessment aka Todar Mal’s bandobast

Other land revenue systems: dahsala, batai, ghalla-bakhshi, nasaq

Land

Polaj – in cultivation every year

Parati (fallow) – uncultivated polaj

Chachar – fallow for two to three years

Banjar – fallow for more than three years

Mansabdari system – 1577

1576: Battle of Haldighati with Rana Pratap

Birbal was killed in a battle with Afghans

Jahangir (1605-27)

Clash between Sikhs and Mughals began with the imprisonment and death of Guru Arjun by Jahangir on a charge of helping rebel prince, Khusrau