Miller CR and Waits LP. 2003. The history of effective population size and genetic diversity in the Yellowstone grizzly (Ursus arctos): Implications for conservation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 100(7):4334-4339.

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Ursus arctos. Brown Bear.
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First online 12 October 2008

Content changed 12 October 2008

Citing this page:

Tree of Life Web Project.
2008. Ursus arctos. Brown Bear.
Version 12 October 2008 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Ursus_arctos/123666/2008.10.12in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

Each ToL leaf page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of
a group of organisms representing a leaf at the tip of the Tree of Life. The
major distinction between a leaf and a branch of
the Tree of Life is that a leaf cannot generally be further
subdivided into subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages.