The object of the
invention is a hydro-electric device, which exploits the kinetic energy
of a water jet for the purposes of generating electricity.

The invention is
characterised by a cone-shaped rotor, whose apex points towards the
outlet opening, and rotates about an axis common to both rotor and water
jet. The outer face of the cone is formed of upward-facing, concave,
corkscrew-like blades. In this way the water-jet is split up and
deflected from its path and imparts its full force to the rotor, so
that, with the appropriate proportions between the height of the cone
and the width of its base, and a suitable pitch of the blades, the size
of which is dependent on the velocity of the impacting water-jet, the
water flows from the machine quietly without creating spray.

An example of the
arrangement of the invention is schematically depicted in the diagram.

The
rotor, whose axle 1 is parallel and common to the axis of the jet
exiting from the jet-pipe 2, is formed of corkscrew-like blades 3. The
ends 4 of the blades 3 are curved upwards slightly towards the impacting
water-jet so as to deflect the jet and to effect the greatest possible
transfer of its kinetic energy to the rotor. In the jet-pipe 2
screw-like ribs 5 are incorporated, which, according to observations,
increase the velocity of the exiting water-jet and the efficiency of the
device.

Claims:

1. The jet-turbine is
characterised by a cone-shaped rotor positioned in the axis of the
water-jet, by means of which the water-jet is split up. Corkscrew-like
blades
(5) are incorporated around the cone's periphery (7).

2. In accordance with
Claim 1, the jetturbine is further characterised by a jetpipe (2)
incorporating rifling ribs (5), which impart a spin to the rotor in the
direction of its rotation.

I, VIKTOR SCHAUBERGER,
an Austrian citizen of I. Renngasse 6, Vienna, Austria, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by,

The following statement:

This invention relates to
means for improving the flow of water or the like in pipes, channels and
other conduits, made of such materials as conduits are normally made of,
for example, cast metal, sheet metal, wood, earthenware, and so forth.

It is already known to
improve the flow of water in pipes and channels by providing them with
guide-blades which project from the wall towards the centre, the faces
of the blades being curved in such manner as to force the water from the
wall towards the middle of the water-conduit, to which end the blades
are in the form of a plurality of helices, similar to multiple thread
rifling. Further it has been proposed heretofore to provide the faces of
guide-blades with grooves running spirally in the direction of flow of
the water.

The object of this
invention is to provide an improved construction or arrangement of
guide-blades whereby the forward motion of the water in the core zone is
favored in comparison with the flow of water in the region of the walls.
Simply stopping the flow of the wall zone would cause turbulence in the
region between the core and wall zones, and the production of a
sufficiently well formed core zone would be unfavorably influenced.

In the case of this
invention however, the wall zone of the water is divided up into
separate whirl formations which are of such a structure as to possess
sufficient interior stability to have little tendency to break up, and
therefore as a whole to produce a sheath of water favourable to the
progress of the core water.

In accordance with the
foregoing, according to the present invention, guide-blades are employed
which are twisted in the manner of turnings in such manner that two
co-operating guiding members having screw-like surfaces are formed, one
of which separates the wall zone of the water current from the core zone
whilst the subsequent guiding member in the direction of flow imparts a
rotary motion to the separated wall zone of the water, whereby the wall
zone of water is divided up into separate stable whirls. The invention
is preferably applied to guide-blades which are disposed in the conduit
along multiple spiral lines, producing a multiple rifling effect, so
that the wall zone of the water progresses with a generally spiral
motion.

In carrying the invention
into practice the guide blades may be in the form of substantially
rhomboidal strips, the diagonally opposite obtuse angled corners of
which are bent up towards the same surface of the blade.

The invention is
illustrated by way of example in the accompanying sheet of drawings in
which Figure 1 is a plan view of a guide blade, and Figure 2 shows a
pipe section with a guide blade therein, viewed against the direction of
flow. Figure 3 shows the developed surface of a guide blade.

The guide blades are
twisted in the manner of turnings, so that two guide members are formed,
one at each end, as shown in Figure 1. These two guide members impart a
spiral motion to the wall zone of water which flows generally in the
spiral direction 3, thus producing a spiral sub-motion of the wall zone
within its general spiral movement.

The guide blades 2 are
preferably, as shown, disposed in the pipe 1 along multiple spiral lines
3, it being understood that, for the sake of clearness, one blade only
is shown in the drawings. The guide member 4 of the blade 2 serves to
impart a spiral flow directed away from the centre of the conduit, so
that the wall zone becomes separated from the core zone of the water,
whilst on leaving the part 5 of the blade, a spiral movement directed
towards the middle of the conduit is imparted to the wall zone of the
water stream The action of the strips 2 is improved by ribs 6 provided
on the surfaces of the strips 2 as shown in the drawings, and the ribs
may be thicker at the roots than at the tips so that the intermediate
grooves narrow towards the surface proper of the strip 2.

Instead of being formed
from a common strip 2, the guide members 4 and 5 may be made separately
from each other. The guide blades may be made of metal, wood, clay,
earthenware, or of any other suitable stiff material.

Having now particularly
described, and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is: -

1. Water conduits having
blade like elements projecting from the wall towards the central portion
of the conduit, and providing guiding surfaces for the water, wherein
the guide blades are twisted like turnings, so as to produce two
co-operating blade like members having screw like guiding surfaces, one
of the said members separating the wall zone of the water current from
the core-zone, whilst the subsequent member in the direction of flow
imparts a rotary motion to the separated wall zone of the water, whereby
the wall zone of water is divided up into separate stable whirls.

2. Water conduit according
to claim 1, wherein the guide blades are disposed in the conduit along
multiple spiral lines, producing a multiple rifling effect, so that the
wall zone of the water progresses with a general spiral motion.

3. Water conduit according
to claim 1, in which the guide-blades are in the shape of substantially
rhomboidal shaped strips, the diagonally opposite obtuse angled corners
of which are bent up towards the same surface of the blade.

4. Guide members for use
in water conduits, or water conduits provided with guide members
constructed arranged and adapted to operate substantially as described
and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention corresponds to a
construction for creating wild brooks and flow-regulation through
the speed of water that is dammed, so that with oriented stones no
destruction may come along the course of the waterpath through the
damming constructs, and to place the central line of the watercourse
in the middle of the stream.

The invention is illustrated in the
drawings; Figure 1 is an example of water-conduction and
damming in the shape of transversely-placed dams.

The dams (1) are hollow and made of
concrete placed and anchored to the ground with suitable anchors
(2), so that they cannot be displaced by the streaming water. The
striations are placed against the direction of the waterflow, upon
which the water runs and along which it will sluice; through this
coursing the water loses the greatest portion of its energy and does
not strike too hard against the placed dams, forcing them out of
place.

The dams can be placed at far or
close distances from each other in the course of the constructed
brook. In order to lay the theoretical middle of the stream in the
midst of the flow in far-off places and also to prevent the
destruction of the river shore through erosion, we will place
constructions by the sides of the flow that will act as dams as seen
in Figure 2. In this figure the dams are indicated by (3),
while the stones are placed at (4) in opposite places. The middle
line of the waterflow (5) runs through them as illustrated.

Figure 3 shows in greater
detail one of such constructs and Figure 4 a transverse cut through
one of them.

The constructions (3) are essentially
triangular-shaped, and are jammed into the soil against the shore so
as to elevate and make the water flow towards a middle point.

The effect made by these
constructions is further illustrated in Figure 4, where the
dashed line (6)-(6) in the transversal cut of the ground before the
construction, which obliges the ground to place itself along the
dashed line because of the disturbed waterflow.

The oriented stones are placed
between the constructions (3) and this builds a zone of still water
close to them, next to the shore, and also serves the purpose of
directing the waterflow and to protect the shores from erosion
through water (Figure 3). The full line (5) indicates the
middle of the stream in the corresponding construction, while dashed
line (5?) indicates the middle line in the brook under the influence
of the constructs.

Figures 1-4

Austrian Patent
# 122,144
(April 10, 1931)

"Artificial
Channel for Transporting Logs"
by Viktor Schauberger

The transportation of logs and other
varied loads through water channels and other artificial channels,
though its low cost makes it competitive against other
transportation means, suffers under the condition that when moving
along the water flow some logs, especially in curves, tend to remain
stuck and in this way sop the following logs, diminishing the
general speed of the transport. This is especially true for hard and
dense woods that remain at the bottom of the channel and move
forward very badly.

It is known that the speed displayed
by logs in water channels is greater than that of the waterspeed; at
those places the speed of the logs greatly surpasses that of the
transporting medium and it is seen from Figure 1 that the
floating log creates a frontal wave (0) as it moves.

While lighter wood (Figure 2)
floats witho0ut problems, heavier wood sits at the bottom of the
channel (Figure 3) and remains stuck; therefore the water
impulse in channels is not enough to produce the usual motion
through sliding without external water spillage.

The invention pertains to a discovery
that corrects these evils, namely the elimination of water spillage
through the implanting of wedges made of wood and the transportation
of hard and dense woods through sliding in the channels.

The speed of the water depends
overall also on its sliding over the channel walls; in the usual
slanted channels, this important factor is eliminated because of
their construction.

The channels? cross-section is not
semi-circular or straight, but rather, as seen in Figures 2, 3
and 4, semicircular (B) with an added semicircular bottom (U)
which radius is half that of the upper portion (B), so that along
the line (E)-(F) in Figures 2 and 3, a resting portion
(L) can be included; the internal wall at the upper semicircular
portion is of striated material (unretouched cement, directionally
nailed wood, etc.), and the underlying portion (U) of a sliding
material (flattened cement, polished wood, etc.), so that the water
speed in the lower region (U) is much greater than in the upper part
(B).

This causes at once the sinking of
water in the middle of the stream (Figure 4); in practice,
when a weight falls a certain distance, the water striking against
the striated channel walls moves further, maintaining the mass (H)
in the midst of the flowing medium by means of the polished
underzone (U) that displaces the water faster.

When transporting floating light
woods (Figure 2), this will not cause any disorder in the
flow of water, for the underzone (U) will run faster than the upper
zone (B); in this manner it will not be necessary to build dams
outside the channel to contain the spilled water.

From light woods we expect little
problem, but with hard and dense wood we must expect it to sink
deeper and to advance with difficulty, so that this kind of wood
will sink itself into the faster-running underzone (U), and advance
in this fashion as if advanced by a transporting band.

When transporting hard and dense
woods (Figure 3), different laws come into play; the wholly
submerged log (H) is entirely in the faster-running water, so that
the pressure upon (E) and (F) of the submerged sliding skids (L)
makes them enter into action, for this time the usual impulse of
water is not enough to make the log (H) advance. If these means are
not added the logs must remain stuck in the bottom of the channel.

In opposition to the present (1931)
transportation of hard wood through channels built with hardened
materials, the dense and hard wood will be transported by
doubly-concave channels with wall built with lighter materials, for
they are not obliged to withstand such heavy loads. In curves, where
the moving wood is obliged to follow them we can, through the proper
construction (Figure 5) of the channel, with only a one-sided
channel wall, make the log move towards the outside where it will be
held by the running water along the curve; if need be, we can add
sliding skids (L) as seen, which can be improved by the addition of
wheels.

Figures 1-5

Austrian Patent
# 134, 543
( August 25, 1933 )

"Conduction of
Water in Tubes & Channels"
by Viktor Schauberger

This invention relates to the
concentration of flowing water within polished conduits (pipes),
channels and tubes, so as to increase the amount of flowing medium
passing through them.

The inventor has discovered that when
a certain kind of turbulence happens in flowing water, then a
temperature difference takes place within it, producing also a
difference in the water speed, and that this happens especially in
Waltz-like flows.

It is known that to hinder
sedimentation, water channels and tubes are built of circular
cross-section, so that the flowing medium may drag with itself any
sediments left; this is to provoke a screw-like movement of water so
that it may attract all particles in its path.

This invention pertains to a further
development of this principle, to drag sedimented masses with moving
water.

The main idea of this invention is
seen in Figure 2, where the usual path of flowing water (4)
is detoured by a wedge-shaped device into a different way (5).

Figure 5 shows an improvement
of this idea by adding striations (6) to the wedge placed on the
inner wall of a channel or tube.

In Figure 1, we see the wedges
grouped (2)-(2?)-(2") in groupings of three, and producing as a
result the screw-like flow (3)-(3?)-(3") through the internal
portion of the conduit (1).

This makes the waterflow concentrate
at the center of the tube, with a concentrical motion, dragging
along any particles left upon the walls.

Figure 3 also shows, in a
lateral view, how the normal water path (4) is changed to a
concentrical one (5), to generate a concentrical flow in the flowing
medium.

Figure 4 shows how open
semi-circular channels can also be adapted to the same purpose.

Figures 1-5

Austrian Patent
# 136,214
(January 10, 1934)

"Installation &
Correction of Flow in Draining Channels by a Contention &
Stabilization of Dammed Water"
by Viktor Schauberger

This invention pertains to an
installation related to the conduction and regulation of flwo in
water channels by contention and stabilization in higher levels by
means of dams integrated into them that depend on the outer
temperature of flowing water and mixing at will of light and hard
water conducted out of the basin by its own means, with which it is
convenient to direct the outer-flowing hard water for cooling the
layers of lateral walls of the dam of the basin, as will be shown
herein.

It is known that for the management
of water channels in all channel-building techniques that a weighty
argument, such as water temperature in earth vessels and air
temperature as the temperature difference between still and running
water, is always left out; and it is also known that the temperature
differences between two or more watercourse modifies their speed
when they mix.

So far, only through artificial
constructs in dams, the naturally-built water channels running
underground or only through ramparts (where only hard water with a
temperature close to +4 degrees C. comes out), or by means of
aquaducts placed atop dams (through which channels of only light
water of high temperature flows), find obstacles in their coursing
through the channel and cause erosion in their shores.

However, through a channel can also
flow those waters with the corresponding right temperature, so that
they can be directed to damming the water masses and to diminish
their forward-going impulse or to increase their speed and their
forward-going impulse in the willed direction. We can also affect
works of shore-correction just by correct regulation of water
temperature and also through the emplacement of dams which capacity
of endurance is directly proportional to the amount of water dammed
and also to achieve an obstacle-free flow of water. The widening of
the channel through the emplacement of stones or elimination of same
(ballast banks) and the elevation of the shore, especially in
curves, can be made by the corresponding directing, but usually
provokes a counterflow that erodes the whole work. Through several
devices that will be explained here, it is possible to steer both
light and hard waters, corresponding to the temperatures of each and
also to the related fall of temperature, so that by means herein
explained each water will run along its own level.

At the same time with the regulation
of the waterflow, it is necessary to install in the construction of
the closing dam of the basin, pipes that will effect the cooling of
the dam?s pores through the sides of the dam by means of small
watercourses directed through the materials.

Then as temperature diminishes, the
water within the dam?s pres loses its attraction for dissolving salt
and other stuffs, until it reaches its balance point at +4 degrees
C, at which its capacity for dissolving is the least and the
filtration in the dam?s wall is the strongest. So far, it is then
when the light water infiltrated in the wall for cooling will go
inside the materials through the pores; in this moment, the channel
walls close to the dam are filled with hard water at a temperature
of +4 degrees C, which lose their salts into the neighboring ground
as they move, creating in a few weeks of impregnation a further
barrier against erosion, and if frost comes, it will also contribute
to the strengthening of the walls

In the drawings we find a further
explanation of a device for this kind of installation; it is seen in
transverse cut in Figure 1 and in upper view in Figure 2;
at Figure 3 we see an internal cutaway view of the apparatus
for steering water.

For the sake of regulating the flow
of cold hard water and warm light water, ground nozzles (O) are
placed in the dam chamber (K) of basin (B) on both sides of the dam,
which doors are activated through a floating device (G) that moves
because of temperature differences. The pipes (W) of the nozzle (O)
lead up to the upper-placed potion (K1) where the flow conduits
(U1)-(U2)-(U3), which are closed through gravity-activated valves
(V1)-(V2), branch in different heights from the upper-going pipe
(W), and that lead further into the lateral wall of the basin,
spreading out there into the corresponding casts. At the foot of the
dam?s internal wall will be conveniently placed the outstanding
portion (K2) to produce a whirling and better mixing of the water
masses flowing over the wall. The door (T) in the nozzle (O) cleaves
the soil of the water channel, sinking itself into it, and is
connected vertically by means of a shaft (F), coursing inside the
dam?s wall (H), with the floating device (G) that is built as a
submersible bell. In the illustrated wall (H), we find at different
heights over the ground-nozzle (O) tube-shaped outlets (A) that
communicate with the tube leading upwards to the bell (G) and allow
the automatic emptying of the water basin.

When the pipe (W) is allowed to fill
through the opening of door (T), it will allow a communication
between the pipe and the basin that will release pressure from door
(T) unilaterally, and in this fashion allow its free motion upwards.
The door (T) should be built of wood to allow the free motion of the
bell (G) when the right water level is attained. The floating bell
(G), which connecting shaft (F) goes downward, can in this fashion,
and because of the only motion it is allowed to make, float upwards;
the bell (G) in Figure 3 has an air valve (P) through which opening
can be introduced pressurized air within, so that the door (T) will
be activated at once. Through both an open end and with the
outstanding tube (R), we can create a flow of water through the
floating up or down of the bell.

When the diving bell is fully sunk,
without any air margin, it acts to totally close the valve; and when
we inject air within it, then raises to allow the opening of door
(T).

In normal work, the atmosphere
imprisoned within the bell (G) is equal to the usual atmospheric
pressure and thus the outer temperature of the environment acts as a
control; depending on the imprisoned air volume within (G), the
outer temperature will make t raise or descend, allowing the
steering of door (T) upwards, so that the mass of hard water that
will be conducted through the nozzle (O), the pipe (W) and the flow
tubes (U1)-(U2)-(U3), will depend on the changes of outer
temperature; the light water flows over its own flowing plate placed
atop the dam?s crown in the basin.

The interpenetration of light and
hard waters can be improved through the construct (K2) placed at the
foot of the dam?s inner wall, and also because of the fact that hard
water falls vertically while light water does so spirally through
flow tubes (U1)-(U2)-(U3), so that during their fall they will
combine.

Through heating from the sun?s rays,
the diving bell (G) will further raise the door (T), and through the
channel a greater percentage of hard water will be eliminated with
respect to the light water that flows over the dam?s top, and
instead with cooler external temperatures the door (T) will remain
either totally or almost totally closed and the channel will only
conduct warm overflowing liquid.

For a better mixing of light and hard
water flowing over the dam?s top, I have placed the flow tube (U2)
in the lower part of the dam?s wall (K), so that it or (T) will
prevent the water from overflowing the basin?s level.

The water flowing within the dam?s
lateral walls contributes to further cooling them and also to leave
deposited salts and other stuffs that it loses when reaching a
temperature of +4 degrees C.

By opening the flow tube (U3) atop
the dam?s wall, the upper portion of the dam can be affected as
indicated in the former paragraph; the welfare of the dam?s wall (in
all its portions) needs this process of impregnation so that its
pores are closed and no filtration may happen.

The upper plate (M) serves to allow
the overflowing of light water and to separate the hard water
flowing through the conduit (U3), thus helping to further its
endurance.

Figures 1-3

Austrian Patent
# 138,296
(July 10, 1934)

"Water
Conduction"
by Viktor Schauberger

This invention pertains to a further
improvement of the tubes and channels shown in Austrian Patent #
134,543, where the water flowing within a conduit is led into
the middle of the pipe to force it to effect a circular motion, as
seen in the forementioned patent.

This invention pertains to an
improvement of said idea by conveniently placing in the water?s path
a device to produce whirling motions in the fluid.

The simple emplacement in the outer
zone of the device will create turbulence between the center and the
perimeter, so as to generate a well-defined flow zone in the center
and layers of well-established stability from the perimeter inwards.
The emplaced devices are of the kind illustrated in Figure 1,
where we have an element (2) with its two ends bent (4)-(5) and
striations dug out at the back (6); this device, when inside the
tube (1) as seen in Figure 2, will meet the incoming flow and
twist it along the new path (3), so as to createa circular motion in
the liquid.

Figure 3 shows the device of
Figure 1 straightened out so as to show its true shape.

Figures 1-3

Austrian Patent
# 142,032
(June 11, 1935)

"Construction
for Fabricating Tap Water like that of Natural Springs"
by Viktor Schauberger

It is known that, to fabricate
mineral water through devices, without any unhygienic condition in
the pipes or through the mixing of salts and compressed gases under
pressure of at least 2-3 atmospheres, this is usually made under an
even higher pressure.

It is also known that to generate
soda water the water will be mechanically made to flow through
carbonic acid under a pressure of 12 atmospheres, so that the
corresponding enrichment in the forementioned cells make the water
"active". In other procedures, this is done through "cracking".

The creation of artificial mineral
water will also include carbonic acid under more or less great
pressure of at least 1 atmosphere, so that the salts will mix
evenly, as is done in several kinds of mineral water; and in other
kinds of waters there is a slight dissolution of carbonates (for
example, sodium bicarbonate) that also include carbonic acid,
obtaining from this a prickling taste. In the forementioned
procedures it is necessary, for producing a good mineral water, that
the ingredients not be in free form but in combination and in
relation so that the final product be as similar as possible to
natural spring water.

As shown in the Figure 1,
sterilized water flows through cold mercury light in tube (M) and
mixes with the diluted salts coming from (1). In container (C) the
mentioned salts are diluted in water and well mixed by revolving fan
(G). The mixture and kinds of salts direct themselves naturally
through the sterile water outlet, and do so with different and
permanent degrees of hardness.

On the other side, so that the
concentration is not too high, the artificially generated mineral
water?s hardness must not exceed factor 12 so that industry may not
be hindered by it; anyway, outgoing water needs for every 10 liters
output 1 liter of diluted salts in the following constituency and
proportions:

The kind and proportion of these
salts are the results of several hundreds of experiments. While the
calcium oxide dissolves itself in water, on the other hand the
calcium hydrate is very sensitive to the oxygen in the carbonic
acid, and thus is affected by it and the mercury light.

For the sake of regulating the liquid
flowing out of the container (C), this is inside at a constant
pressure of 0.1 atmosphere = 1 meter of acid water; the concentrated
diluted salts will fall dropping along the pipe (1) and when mixed
with the contents from (A) will flow into the apparatus (D) which
turns them into droplets, where they will jump from the outflow
holes of pipe (N) towards the walls of the apparatus (D); during the
process the water already processed through carbonic acid will flow
outside through the tube (K).

The droplets of both mixed liquids
fall downwards and mix in the way as happens in nature, where the
droplets of rain first lose their salts and diluted gases when
hitting the ground. This mixed water flows within and through the
tulip-glass device (E), where it always goes up in the outer tulip
glasses and down in the inner ones, so that it will pass into the
other following tulip-glass vessel after it has climbed into the
innermost one of the former stage and thus continues its flow. The
water makes a meandering motion to carry on the following indicated
goal.

The gas, especially carbonic acid,
collects itself in the upper portion of the tulips and will then,
through the corresponding growing pressure, flow through pneumatic
tube (R), in which fine nozzles is also injected water for flowing,
so that the carbonic acid that is not already combined with the
water will be later. On the axis of this device?s stages are placed
alternately gold and silver foils, isolated form each other; between
both metals there is an electric potential that creates a reduced
ionization in the flowing liquid.

In its further motion, water
penetrates into the main mixer (F), which is insulated against heat
and silvered within, and within which is located an upwardly
spiraling path which direction of winding goes against that of the
snail and is made out of wire mesh.

On the spiral?s surface are orderly
placed cooling spirals that take the temperature of water from 17
degrees C to 4 degrees C. The goal of this temperature fall is to
properly combine the chemical elements. The absorption of the gases
in water will be increased by the cooling, and otherwise makes
possible the combination and enrichment of free carbonic acid of the
resulting masses without the use of pressure.

The Ca(HCO3)2 presents a weak
exterior combination that the enrichment with the forementioned
carbonic acid had worked out, but the enrichment of Ca(HCO3)2 with
carbonic acid is possible only through cooling in water and the
maintenance of an even temperature.

The temperature of outflowing water
must not be over 20 degrees C and its final temperature (once it was
processed) should not be over 4 degrees C; it must also be taken
into consideration that the speed of flow must not be too fast to
allow the proper mixing of liquids; after leaving the container (F),
the liquid is made to flow through gold and silver foils until it
reaches vessel (I), which is divided into chambers (G) and (H).

First, the water that overflows from
(G) falls into chamber (H), and so on out of the device (Z).

By the treatment of water as
indicated, many reactions are produced; first of all, the water is
made wholly drinkable. It is also necessary to eliminate any
possible exposure to light during the process, for light falling on
the treated liquids produces a loss of quality in the final results.

Figure 1

Austrian Patent
#166,644
(August 25, 1950)

"Plow"
by Viktor Schauberger

It resulted from numerous experiments
that a better plowing of the soil can be achieved with
copper-covered plows instead of using plows made of iron or steel.
This difference becomes stronger when one notices that the speed of
plowing becomes faster and that the friction between the ground and
the corresponding portion of the plow is greater.

This effect of greater speed produces
the slow disintegration of the copper cover, and the minute copper
particles deposited in the soil produces a catalytic effect that in
turn generates better water retention in the ground and also a
further increase in the quality of plowing.

These findings were made when passing
a plow which body was either covered or entirely made of copper.

But as the building in whole of the
plow with copper is disadvantageous, it will be convenient to cover
those portions with copper layers in hardened condition, which can
be made through several different methods. The deposit of copper
particles under the ground does not break the magnetic permeability
of the soil, as does iron or steel.

Two embodiments are shown in the
illustrations. Figures 1 and 2 show a lateral view and
Figures 3 and 5 show a transverse cut, a
longitudinal cut, and one plowing protrusion.

In Figures 1 and 2 is
illustrated a plow with point (1) made of steel as usual, but it can
also be covered with the corresponding copper cover; this portion
cuts through the ground, generating friction in the process; another
is in the smaller portion (2), upon which upper portion there is
usually a small heap of sol because of pressure when the plow moves
forward. It will be furnished with an endtail (3), also made of
copper, that will create a "screwing" motion in the soil by means of
sunk "screw" (4) located at portion (2). In order to make the whole
of this latter portion hard enough, it must be hammered during
construction.

The plowing protrusion (5),
corresponding to Figure 3 to 5, is made with a
backward open sheet (6) of copper; to fasten upon the protrusion the
usual arrow, we use lock (7) of protrusion (5) placed at a high
location and which is furnished with the corresponding key; here it
is also convenient to place the copper cover by hammering upon the
protrusion.

Figures 1-5

Austrian Patent
# 196,680
(March 25, 1958)

"Tubing for
Flowing & Gaseous Media"
by Viktor Schauberger

Already there are many propositions
for the conduction of fluid or gaseous media so as to eliminate
losses in pressure or speed of motion. Thus it is to prevent the
formation of air vesicles that it is suggested an increase in
resistance to flow as in British Patent #409,528, wherein is
described a tubing that has spirals engraved within and which area
in transverse section will be limited by two segments of circle
arcs.

From the British Patent #28,543
(1913) comes a tube which transverse section is egg-shaped, which is
furnished with guiding means to prevent the formation of water
whirls. In the US Patent #1,655,197, as in the Swiss Patent
#126,637, are indicated either conical or cylindrical tubes for the
sake of limiting the sedimentation where the tube serves as axis for
the dragging of sediments; this is further explained in Austrian
Patent #28,099 exhibiting indented piping.

This invention pertains to a tube for
flowing and gaseous media to prevent the formation of incrustations
and to hinder the loss of flow speed, which cross-section is made
out of several circle arcs, being the tube wound helically and
having its cross-section an egg-shape with an indentation (Figure
1), and helically wound (Figures 2-4) around different
forms.

With the aid of such tubing, the
reduction in friction losses and the hindrance of incrustations
within the pipe will follow; for the sake of increasing the former
properties it is convenient to wrap the tubing and its cover around
circular conduits. This axis of winding will also serve as axis for
dragging along sedimentary materials, and will also contribute to
reduce in scale the cross-section of the tube for winding.

Figure 1 shows the
cross-section of the proposed tubing, and Figures 2-4 the
different ways of winding the conduit.

In Figure 1 is shown the
employed egg-shape with an indentation close to the (---) line; the
winding of the conduit can be made as shown in Figures 2-4
around an imaginary solid or in the form of a circular spiral, or in
any other convenient way.

In the winding or in its cover, in
Figures 3 and 4, we can scale the shape of the winding to
make it turn around those imaginary bodies or in a straight line.
One can also arrange the tubing, in relation to the fluids
conducted, to make the axis of winding equal to the one of dragging
sedimentary materials to reduce incrustations and losses in flow
speed.

It is known that impellers can be
caused to rotate by moving air. It is equally known that an air
current can be generated through evacuation. The present invention,
however, makes use of mechanical and physical forces.

In the accompanying diagram (see
fig. 19), the object of the invention is portrayed in Sections
A-A and B-B. A snailshell-shaped housing a in which the impeller
b is mounted is connected to a double-spiral pipe c by means of
a hollow shaft d. The double-spiral pipe c is joined to an
egg-shaped, hollow body e at f, which is divided into two spaces
by means of a wire mesh g. In the inner chamber of e gas-burners
or electric arc-throwers are incorporated that combust the
inflowing gas at about 2,000?C (3,632?F). The inner chamber is
connected to an exhauster via a heatable double-spiral pipe h.
To this exhauster, streamlined, egg-shaped nozzles i are
attached and the whole arrangement is activated by an external
force.

The impeller incorporated
inside the snailshell housing is constructed in such a way
that fresh air can only enter the hollow shaft d when the
impeller blade k passes over the slot j incorporated in the
hollow shaft. The flywheel l, whose cross-sections are
egg-shaped and which is mounted on the hollow shaft d, is
installed in an externally airtight housing m. The air
present in the hollow space n is sucked out through a
connecting passage o, so that in the highly rarefied space n
the flywheel is offered very little resistance to rotation.
To maintain the combustion process, a combustible gas is
introduced at p. The double-spiral pipe c mentioned at the
beginning has been granted an Austrian patent, No. 138296.
This pipe consists of an external pipe made of wooden staves
and an asbestos sleeve. Within the latter there is a metal
sleeve, which has wood-shaving-like metal elements bent out
from the periphery, whose axis is inclined towards the
pipe-axis at an angle of 30? to 45?. [3] [3: consult patent
138296] These metal elements are aligned along several
spiral pathways. The peripheral air-masses will thus be
forced to describe a path corresponding to a spiral within a
spiral.

The inner metal sleeve
is heated electrically. In addition, the heat arising
from friction on the outer walls leads to the warming of
the outer air-masses, through which in particular all
the oxygen contained in the air expands, concentrates
itself at the pipe-walls, becoming even warmer on its
multi-spiral path along the pipe-walls. The remaining
gases contained in the air pass down the centre of the
pipe and rise through the agency of the gas introduced
at p. Because the warmer and therefore more aggressive
oxygen brushes along the outer pipe-walls and the colder
residual components of the air flow through the inner
region of the pipe, inner tensions arise between the
materials due to the temperature differences obtaining,
which become more pronounced the longer the distance
travelled, until interactions ultimately occur. These
interactions proceed in the form of small explosions and
assist the reaction that takes place through the
combustion of the highly energised gases within the
egg-shaped safety mesh g.

In the egg-shaped
body e a sieve (safety mesh) g is incorporated,
outside of which the separated oxygen mentioned
earlier accumulates, passes through the sieve into
the centre, wherein, with the aid of the electric or
gas arcs, it contributes to the almost complete
combustion of the centrally conducted combustible
gases. As a result a much greater vacuum evolves
than has hitherto been achieved using currently
known methods. At the same time the exhaust gases
are reduced to a minimum and extracted mechanically
via h and i. Through the creation of the vacuum in e,
the air will be sucked in with even greater force,
setting the impeller in motion in the process.

Claims

1. The
air-turbine is characterised by the fact
that the air-masses in a doublespiral pipe
can be so strongly moved, that due to
frictional heat and externally supplied heat
between the peripheral air-masses and those
streaming down the pipe-axis, differences in
temperature arise, which lead to cold
interactions in the air flowing through the
double-spiral pipe, whose end-product is an
almost total vacuum.

2. In
accordance with Claim 1 the air-turbine
is further characterised by the complete
combustion that takes place in a
partitioned chamber by means of a safety
mesh having a pipe-shaped extension
towards its base.

3.
In accordance with Claims 1 & 2, the
air-turbine is characterised by the
fact that the attached flywheel is
caused to rotate in a rarefied space.

4. In accordance with Claims
1-3, the air-turbine is
characterised by the fact that
the supply of air takes place
pulsatingly through a slot in
the hollow shaft.

5. In
accordance with Claims 1-3,
the air-turbine is
characterised by the fact
that the discharge of
exhaust gases takes place by
means of a heated pipe in
which a temperature higher
than that of the exhaust
gases prevails.