Volume 4 (2018) - Issue 2, Jul-Dec

Review Articles

Background- Astroblastoma is partially understood, poorly reported and rare in occurrence tumor with significant dilemma regarding cellular origin, diagnostic criteria, clinical behavior, and management protocol. Material and method– Thorough search of published English scientific literature was made with search word Astroblastoma through Google Search, PubMed, Research Gate and Cochrane Library till June 2018. The reports thus collected were examined for data regarding age, gender, location and laterality of disease, pathological grade, treatment received, and outcome of treatment. Results– Data of 161 patients was retrieved from 72 publications. Median age at presentation was 18 years. Females were affected much more frequently than males. Most common site of involvement was the frontal lobe. Laterality data was inconsistent and sparingly reported. Most common presenting complaint was headache followed by history of seizure. Surgery was performed in majority of patients-79.6% of the patients underwent a gross total resection, 45% (44 out of 98 reported) had a high-grade tumor. Sixty patients received adjuvant radiation with a median dose of 54 Gy (Range 20-72), mostly for high grade, residual or recurrent disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 25 patients. Median follow-up was 43 months (range 1-238). Median overall survival was 138 months. Patients with a higher-grade tumor had significantly worse overall survival. Conclusion- Astroblastoma is rare but known to have two distinct grades, with higher-grade tumors bearing significantly poor survival. Maximal safe surgery is the standard. Though there is lack of consensus, adjuvant radiotherapy with or without Temozolamide should be considered in view of high rates of local...

Case study

Partial nephrectomy is performed more commonly for small, low-stage renal tumors. The main advantage of partial nephrectomy over radical nephrectomy is the avoidance of renal insufficiency. The major disadvantages are the possibility of local recurrence and perioperative complications. In this article, we discuss the technical aspects of the nephron-sparing surgery and review the literature pertaining to it, in order to put the management of renal cancer into a modern...