SRI NARAYAN GURU DHARMA PARIPALNA
Founded by Sri Narayan Guru Swamy in 1902
Aimed to uplift lower castes
. Sri Narayan Guru from Ezhavas caste (toddy-tapers) of
Kerela
Issues taken up:
Right of admission to public schools
Recuritment to government services
Access to roads and temples
Political representation
.

JUSTICE PARTY
Founded 1917, dissolved 1944
Madras Presidency
CN Mudaliar, TM Nair and P. Tyagaraja/Theagaraya
To secure jobs and representation for non-brahmins in the
legislature
.1920 - won the first direct elections in Madras Presidency
Important player for securing reservation for lower castes
in the legislature
.Precedent for present-day Dravidian parties like DMK and
AIADMK
Mudaliar: non-Brahmin but elite caste which speaks Tamil

PERIYAR EV RAMASWAMY
1879-1973
.Founded the Self Respect Movement in 1925
.EVR member of INC for 6 years, but quit as he felt that INC
served interests of the Brahmins
. 1939: became head of the Justice Party
1944: changed the name of the party to Dravidar Kazhagam
The party split in 1949 to form another faction, DMK
Propagated rationalism, self-respect, women's rights and
eradication of caste

SELF RESPECT MOVEMENT
Aimed to achieve equal human rights for backward castes
Encouraged backward castes to have self-respect
. Wanted to remove the idea of superior' and 'inferior caste
Believed that true freedom would come with self-respect, not
with political freedom
Did not draw inspiration from the Vedas
.Emphasis on rational behavior, social and economic equality,
equality of caste, gender and religion
.Facilitated weddings without priests
Influential in Tamil Nadu, and in overseas areas with a Tamil
,
diaspora

TEMPLE ENTRY MOVEMENT
. 1888: Sri Narayan Guru, a lower caste, installed an idol of
Sri Narayan Guru, a
Siva at Aravippuram in Kerala
.Inspired the Temple Entry Movement
Many separate trends and leaders
1924: Vaikom Satyagrah led by KP Kesava in Kerala to open
roads and temples to untouchables (Gandhi supported this)
'
.1936: Maharaja of Travancore issued a proclamation that
mandated all government-controlled temples to be open to all
Hindus.
.1938: C Rajagopalachari did the same in Madras