Cereal Boxes and Milk Crates Zine Libraries and Infoshops are… Now

“[…] It’s hard to find library
materials that challenge the for-profit, corporate culture. Our
well-stocked county, community college, and university libraries,
though publicly funded, primarily serve private middle-class constituencies
– businesses, professions, students, job-seekers, and consumers.
There’s not much there for those who don’t share the
American Dream.” [Fn1]

In some circles a radical statement, in others, a
motivation for action. Zine libraries, infoshops, bookmobiles, street
libraries, and zine vending machines are all very different spaces
and ideas, but all with the same purpose to provide access to information
outside the corporate mainstream. I’m especially interested
in how people who don’t fit neatly into categories create
venues for their own access to information, specifically through
the establishment of zine libraries and infoshops.

Here’s the breakdown: A zine library is a collection
of zines (handmade books like the one you’re reading) organized
by zine-lovers and makers (often referred to as zinesters) in the
hopes of preserving and making accessible obscure materials. Since
most zines typically have runs of 1-500, each and every one is rare.

An infoshop is what its name implies: a place to go
for information. Infoshops are usually, but not always, run by anarchists,
but not necessarily for anarchists. They are volunteer-run non-hierarchical
spaces where people can go to for lectures, meetings, events, concerts,
and activist resources. Some infoshops house libraries and reading
rooms. Many have cafés or at least a cup of tea available.
Infoshops sprung up in Europe and have caught on in the US in the
past fifteen years. Infoshops are ideal for activist travelers,
functioning as a place to stop in to find out where the coop is,
where to crash, and to find people with similar interests. They
usually have free internet access too.

The term “street library” hasn’t
caught on as much as “infoshop” has, but it is basically
the same idea with a twist. A street librarian is a one who doesn’t
leave the library when they leave the physical structure. Many librarians
who are also activists will offer their resource skills at protests
and events, and are able to bring their abilities wherever they
go. People can go to a street librarian to gain information on “underground”
activities and events. Although they’re hard to pin down,
when they’re around you’ll be sooo happy.

There are millions of inventive and creative ways
of getting resources and materials to the interested. Zine bookmobiles
and vending machines are some venues I’ve stumbled across.
Tool lending libraries and zine recycling programs are another.
It’s surprising how many new ways there are of exposing people
to self-published media. All of these resource centers have something
in common: The aim of fulfilling the need for access to materials
and information otherwise difficult to obtain. You won’t find
People magazine proudly showcased in these venues. I’m mainly
focusing on infoshops and zine libraries, as they are the most enduring
and organized forms of information centers, and have more evolved
methods of collection maintenance. It’s interesting to see
what happens when people who aren’t librarians by profession,
or even by education, get together to form a library or resource
center.

Why do these people need their own library?
Can’t they just go to the public or academic library?

No. There’s a reason why so many alternative
libraries exist. There is a clear gap in the information world.
As stated above, most libraries keep to the middle of the road.
It is very hard to find any materials published outside the mainstream,
and especially hard to find materials that have been self-published
(zines and factsheets), or non-mainstream periodicals, newspapers
and tabloids. Also, infoshops and zine libraries tend to have later
hours, be connected with galleries, music show spaces, and other
resource venues such as darkrooms or screenprinting shops, as is
the case at ABC No Rio in New York City. It also seems these types
of libraries draw the paranoid, and rightfully so. Since the PATRIOT
Act was enacted, library records are no longer private information.
Activists and anarchists, and even sometimes artists are watched
by the FBI. Rather than give the government fodder to harass them,
through questionable library research, the use of a zine library
for information results in trackless searching. “In many groups
[…] there is an emphasis on self-education […] Groups
often establish their own small “libraries” of relevant
books, periodicals and papers, sometimes in collaboration with a
local alternative bookshop or information centre. The rise of the
“infoshop” in recent years throughout Europe and the
US is one manifestation of such local activity. Usually based around
a local anarchist group, although it is of benefit to more than
anarchists, it acts as a communication and distribution point for
any number of local, national and international groups, movements
and projects […] The infoshop emphasizes empowerment, providing
information freely (or very cheaply) to enable people to work together,
directly on issues that affect their lives.” [Fn2]

What kind of spaces are they housed in? How could you possibly have
a library in a house or old gas station?

The people organizing these types of places
aren’t going for glamorous. In most cases, they’re going
for whatever they can get. This is why you’ll find these libraries
in people’s living rooms, trucks, basements, in tenements,
galleries and student centers. Unless a non-profit organization
is backing the infoshop or library, be prepared for creative solutions
to space problems. Cheap rent in a bad neighborhood usually equals
a great place for an infoshop or zine library. “Besides financial
problems, neighborhood communication difficulties are common [...]
many infoshops are organized by white youth in communities populated
by minorities. The subculture that patronizes the shop […]
sticks out in contrast to the surrounding neighborhood. Residents
may perceive the infoshop as a beach-head in the gentrification
happening in that town.”[Fn3]

The Mobilivre out of Canada travels across the
continent in a stylish Airstream trailer, bringing zines and workshops
with them. The Anchor Archive Regional Zine Project in Nova Scotia
offers an artist-in-residence program where artists can stay in
a storage shed in the backyard for a few weeks to make a zine. A
few libraries accompany “Food Not Bombs”, an organization
in several cities handing out free food at different parks or public
areas weekly. In Japan, there are bunkos. “Typically run by
groups of women for their neighborhood children” […]
bunko is a network of “tiny outposts which may be found in
homes, converted train cars, community centers, or even log cabins.”
[Fn4]

What are in these libraries? How are they
run? How do they acquire materials if they’re anarchists?
I heard anarchists don’t like money.

It’s true. They don’t. But some infoshops
sell things. Patches, t-shirts, books, videos, art, etc. Most places
operate collectively, which often involves paying out of collective
member’s pockets, and most frequently relying on donations
of materials from people with a lot of zines lying around, other
zine libraries with duplicates, or donations of cash. Zine-makers
tend to understand a zine library’s motives, and since they
aren’t making zines to make money anyway, feel great donating
their creation to the library. It provides another venue for a reader
to stumble across their hand-bound lovingly screenprinted handmade
book.

A way most libraries pay rent is through benefit
concerts or sometimes art auctions, or anything else that might
be fun and also raise money. In the case of the Papercut Zine Library,
the group of librarians was able to trade building labor for a free
room.[Fn5]
Rarely are materials bought outright. Sometimes library dumpsters
are raided for discarded books, and also for organizational materials
(bookshelves, magazine racks, etc.) Dumpstering is a fantastic way
to get a lot of what you need for free. But that’s another
topic. However these libraries obtain their materials, almost all
ask the subject matter not be racist, sexist, or homophobic. Collective
action entails each member committing to the project, coming to
meetings and voting on each major decision, and each being equally
responsible to maintain the space, and everyone is also able to
plan events or enact ideas within the space. No one person is in
charge of a collective. A collective is a cooperative effort, which
if done with a certain amount of enthusiasm and respect for each
other, can work out fantastically. If those basic values aren’t
in place, there will be burn out, and the space could fail. Luckily,
people working on fun projects like zine libraries just want to
see the library succeed and grow, and they do!

How can you possibly organize information
that hasn’t already been cataloged by another person?

Easy. You make it up. This is where Sanford Berman would argue the
access part comes in. How easy is it to find this information? In
some instances, there is no organization. Your findings are left
up to fate, chance, and synchronicity. Which is great if your psychic
skills are honed. Several zine libraries stick to the alphabetical
system, but most zine libraries catalog by topic. If you go in to
the library searching for a good book on bicycle maintenance, you’ll
also find a zine on good routes to ride without getting hit, how
to weld your own tall bike, and riding safely, if you’re searching
the bicycling section. Since zine and infoshop library collections
tend to be radical in nature, their subject headings are unique.
DIY (do-it-yourself) is a HUGE category, with several subsets to
the category. A few others you won’t find in the public library
are- radical menstruation, squatting, dumpstering, protesting, XXX,
sustainable living, fat, and grrrls. The people cataloging this
material respond to their material through topics and organizational
methods appropriate for their subject matter. It’s important
to point out that although there are librarians by profession involved
in infoshops and zine libraries, most zine librarians are either
still in library school, or have never had any experience working
in a library at all. They just want to give people access to information
they might not even know was out there.

Take for instance the Papercut Zine Library,
in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[Fn6]
Even though this library is housed in the Harvard Social Hall, in
the same neighborhood as some of the world’s biggest and best
libraries, this library is thriving. There is obviously a need within
the community for zines and all the information they contain and
offer. With over 2,000 zines organized by topic on small shelves,
and an online searchable catalog, the volunteer zine librarians
running the place have figured out how to catalog and organize their
material without burying it underneath unsearchable databases or
vague subject headings. None of these libraries use cataloging terminology
or systems. None of them have scanable barcodes, use the LC or Dewey
Decimal systems. I’m sure they have never once consulted the
Library of Congress subject headings to make sure they’re
using the appropriate heading for the zine on home dentistry. Most
record which zine or book belongs in what section, maintain a list
of what they have and what gets checked out, if theirs in a circulating
collection, and forget the rest. The extents to which the digital
cataloging systems go are Filemaker or LibraryThing, making the
catalog available online. It’s important to realize that even
though these zine librarians aren’t trained in cataloging,
they’ve merged systems that have already been invented with
their own original systems.

Although each system is different-some might throw
zines into a box and let you sort through, some cut the tops off
cereal boxes for organizational systems, and some have book racks,
displaying items more like a store, all have invented innovative
ways of cataloging and finding the material.

Who uses zine libraries? How do they find
out about them?

Anyone who wants to access information not available
at their public library uses zine libraries or infoshops. Anyone
interested in zines, underground publishing, little magazines, one-offs,
tabloids, art, quirks, or free speech in general are excited by
zine libraries. Researchers, students, zinesters, artists, old hippies
and beatniks, those on the political left and outfield use them.
Zine libraries and infoshops don’t advertise in newspapers
or magazines because they’re poor. They’re found through
word of mouth, posters put up in co-ops, bike shops and on telephone
poles. There are a few websites about zines that mention library
locations. They are often moving and sadly closing. But new ones
are always opening, in different forms. The Zine Machine, for instance,
is a vending machine with zines inside. For a dollar or two you
can have your own zine to take home. Some are in university libraries,
and they are much more organized and professional-looking and operating,
which is why I didn’t choose to focus on them here. Some libraries
are connected to other ventures, and if you look, or go to any zine-related
event (store, reading, zine fair), you’ll be sure to find
a trail to the zine library or infoshop.

How do the libraries attract users? Who are
these libraries geared toward? Do I have to pay to get in?

Other than word of mouth, libraries will often bring
cross-sections of their collection for on-site checkout to zine
fairs and events, anarchist book fairs, or to zine and book readings
in the punk community. The libraries aren’t necessarily geared
toward anarchists or punks, but due to the radical materials and
DIY ethics of zines, these groups are a large user base. These libraries
are frequented by anyone interested in the subjects they cover,
and most importantly, it is almost always free to check out a book
or zine, if they don’t think their collection is too valuable
or rare to let off-site. It is because of this idea of libraries
for all that such a wide variety of people are drawn to the zine
library or infoshop.

Are zine libraries really libraries? I don’t
know about this...

Zine librarians take the stance that if anyone says
it’s a library, it is. If Duchamp can say found objects are
art, zine librarians spending hours cataloging and organizing ephemera
and oddities can call themselves librarians and their creations
libraries. In this sense, anyplace that provides access to information
in a somewhat organized or searchable form, can be considered a
library. The word library seems so authoritative and smarty-pants.
Zine librarians are taking the word and applying its meaning to
a wide range of information resources, including a roomful or bagful
of books or zines.

I do hope that zine libraries and infoshops
grow in popularity and use. I hope that the collectives running
them find reliable methods of funding so fewer are closing. And
I do hope that public libraries will become hip to the idea of zines
and alternative/non-mainstream periodicals and other materials.
Some are starting to realize what a valuable resource they are in
terms of documenting cities, contemporary culture and events otherwise
not covered by the media. However, there will always be a need and
space for infoshops and zine libraries. No matter how much information
makes it into public and academic libraries, unless these libraries
are suddenly taken over by zine librarians, the board of directors
booted, and the institutions are run collectively, zine libraries
and infoshops will be filling the information gap in storefronts,
garages and shacks.