The Persian Empire is any of a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia (now Iran)..The first of these was established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, with the Persian conquest of Media, Lydia and Babylonia. Persian dynastic history was interrupted by the Islamic conquest (651 AD) and later by the Mongol invasion..The main religion of ancient Persia was Zoroastrianism, but after the 7th century this was replaced by Islam.. In the modern era, a series of Islamic dynasties ruled Persia independently of the universal caliphate.. Since 1979 Persia (Iran) has been an Islamic republic...

The Persian nation contains a number of tribes as listed here... the Pasargadae, Maraphii, and Maspii, upon which all the other tribes are dependent.. Of these, the Pasargadae are the most distinguished; they contain the clan of the Achaemenids from which spring the Perseid kings.. Other tribes are the Panthialaei, Derusiaei, Germanii, all of which are attached to the soil, the remainder -the Dai, Mardi, Dropici, Sagarti, being nomadic..

—Herodotus, Histories 1.101 & 125

The Persian Empire was created by nomadic Persians who originally referred to themselves as parsua.. The name Persia is a Greek and Latin pronunciation of the name Parsua, referring to people originating from Persis (or in Persian, Pars), their home territory located north of the Persian Gulf in south western Iran..Despite its success and rapid expansion, the Achaemenid Empire was not the first Iranian empire, as by 6th century BC another group of ancient Iranian peoples had already established the Median Empire..The Medes had originally been the dominant Iranian group in the region, rising to power at the end of the 7th century BC and incorporating the Persians into their empire..The Iranian people had arrived in the region circa 1000 BC and had initially fallen under the domination of the Assyrian Empire (911-609 BC).. However, the Medes and Persians (together with the Scythians and Babylonians) played a major role in the defeat of the Assyrians and establishment of the first Persian empire...

The Medes, Old Persian Māda-, Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι, Hebrew: מָדַי) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in an area known as Media (North-western Iran) and who spoke the Median language.. Their arrival to the region is associated with the first wave of migrating Iranic Aryan tribes into Ancient Iran from the late 2nd millennium BCE (circa 1000 BC) (the Bronze Age collapse) through the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE (circa 900 BC)..This period of migration coincided with a power vacuum in the Near East, with the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-1020 BC) which had dominated north western Iran and eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus going into a comparative decline, allowing new peoples to pass through and settle.. In addition, Elam, the dominant power in Ancient Iran was suffering a period of severe weakness, as was Babylonia to the west..From the 10th to late 7th centuries BCE, the western parts of Media fell under the domination of the vast Neo-Assyrian Empire based in northern Mesopotamia, but which stretched from Cyprus to Ancient Iran, and from the Caucasus to Egypt and Arabia.. Assyrian kings such as Tiglath-Pileser III, Sargon II, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal and Ashur-etil-ilani imposed Vassal Treaties upon the Median rulers, and also protected them from predatory raids by marauding Scythian and Cimmerian hordes..The Medes had an Ancient Iranian Religion (a form of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism or Mithra worshipping) with a priesthood named as "Magi".. Later and during the reigns of the last Median kings, the reforms of Zarathustra spread in western Iran...

Thus Deioces collected the Medes into a nation, and ruled over them alone. Now these are the tribes of which they consist: the Busae, the Paretaceni, the Struchates, the Arizanti, the Budii, and the Magi...

The 6 Median tribes resided in Media proper, the triangle between Ecbatana, Rhagae and Aspadana, in today's central Iran, the area between Tehran, Isfahan and Hamadan. Of the Median tribes, the Magi resided in Rhaga, modern Tehran..It was a sort of sacred caste, which ministered to the spiritual needs of the Medes.. The Paretaceni tribe resided in and around Aspadana, modern Isfahan, the Arizanti lived in and around Kashan and the Busae tribe lived in and around the future Median capital of Ecbatana, modern Hamadan..The Struchates and the Budii lived in villages in the Median triangle..

The original population area of the Median people was western Iran and named after them as "Media".. At the end of the 2nd millennium BCE the Median tribes emerged in the region (one of several Iranian tribes to do so) which they later called Media.. These tribes expanded their control over larger areas subsequently, and, over a period of several hundred years, the boundaries of Media moved..The mass media are diversified media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication.. The technologies through which this communication takes place varies.. Broadcast media such as radio, recorded music, film and TV transmit their information electronically.. Print media use a physical object such as a newspaper, book, pamphlet or comics, to distribute their information..The organizations that control these technologies, such as TV stations or publishing companies, are also known as the mass media..It is also suggested that Mithra is a Median name and Medes may have practised Mithraism and had Mithra as their supreme deity..In terms of notation, some authors represent the median of a variable x either as x͂ or as μ1/2 sometimes also M...

Satraps were the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires and in several of their successors, such as the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires..The word satrap is also often used metaphorically in modern literature to refer to world leaders or governors who are heavily influenced by larger world superpowers or hegemonies and act as their surrogates...

The word "satrap" originates ultimately (via Ancient Greek and Latin) from Old Persian xšaçapāvan ("protector of the province"), Sanskrit kshatrapam (क्षत्रपम्) or kshtrapa, from xšaça ("realm" or "province") and pāvan ("protector").. In Greek, the word was rendered as satrápēs (σατράπης)—which later borrowed into Latin as satrapes—from a Western Iranian cognate xšaθrapā(van). In modern Persian the descendant of xšaθrapāvan is shahrbān (شهربان), but the components have undergone semantic shift so the word now means "town keeper" (shahr [شهر] meaning "town" + bān [بان] meaning "keeper")..

The first large scale use of satrapies, or provinces, originates from the conception of the first Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great, beginning at around 530 BCE.. However, provincial organization originated during the Median era from at least 648 BCE..Up to the time of the conquest of Media by Cyrus the Great, emperors ruled the conquered lands, through client kings and governors.. The chief difference was that in Persian culture the concept of kingship was indivisible from divinity: divine authority validated the divine right of kings..The 26 satraps established by Cyrus, were never kings, but viceroys ruling in the king's name, although in political reality many grabbed any chance to carve themselves an independent power base.. Darius the Great gave the satrapies a definitive organization, increased their number to 36 and fixed their annual tribute...

It is also used in modern times to refer (usually derogatorily) to the loyal subservient lieutenants or clients of some powerful figure (with equal imprecision also styled mogul, tycoon, or the like), in politics or business..In the Serbian language, "satrap" is used to mock a person who displays servile tendencies to an authority figure...

Artemisia I of Caria (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμισία; Persian: آرتمیس‎ fl. 480 BCE) was queen of Halicarnassus, a city of Dorian Greeks and Carians in the Achaemenid satrapy of Caria and of the nearby island of Kos, in about 480 BCE.. She fought as an ally of Xerxes I, King of Persia against the Greek city states during the second Persian invasion of Greece..

She personally commanded her contribution of 5 ships at the naval battle of Artemisium and in the naval Battle of Salamis in 480 BCE.. She is mostly known through the writings of Herodotus, himself a native of Halicarnassus, who praises her courage and the respect in which Xerxes held her...

I think Lightgiver provides such a wealth of information across such an eclectic diversity of subjects, juxtaposed with cryptic one-liners from famous films which certainly proffer food for thought, all presented with an eye catching array of font colours.

There is certainly a rich , colourful and vibrant continuity and synchronicity in it all which weaves a rich texture upon the boards from which all may benefit.

Very much a stand alone threader upon the tapestry of the boards....and with 33,564 posts to Lightgiver's name probably the most prolific poster here.

In a Commons debate later on Monday on the UK’s response to the Tunisia massacre, the prime minister said it would even be preferable for the broadcaster to use the term Isil, which is used by most UK politicians. Isil is short for Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, the description used by British security agency MI5.

If you notice the anagram of Daesh is Hades.:evilgrin:

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Legends have it that King Hushang, the 2nd king of the mythological Pishdadian dynasty (Pishdad means to give the Law), established the Sadeh tradition..Sadeh celebrates 50 days before Nowruz. Sadeh in Persian means "hundred" and refers to one hundred days and nights past the end of summer (or the beginning of long-winter known to start at the end of summer in ancient Persia/Iran)..During ancient times, Jashn-e Sadeh was celebrated by lighting fire. For Zoroastrians the chief preparation for Sadeh was and still in some parts is the gathering of wood the day before the festival..The "eternal fire" also symbolizes the love of homeland which is always alive like a fervent fire in the people's hearts..

The origin of Hades's name is uncertain, but has been generally seen as meaning "The Unseen One" since antiquity. An extensive section of Plato's dialogue Cratylus is devoted to the etymology of the god's name, his Socrates arguing for a folk etymology not from "unseen" but from "his knowledge (eidenai) of all noble things". Modern linguists have proposed the Proto-Greek form *Awides ("unseen"),The earliest attested form is Aḯdēs (Ἀΐδης), which lacks the proposed digamma. West argues instead for an original meaning of "the one who presides over meeting up" from the universality of death..Hades ruled the dead, assisted by others over whom he had complete authority.. He strictly forbade his subjects to leave his domain and would become quite enraged when anyone tried to leave, or if someone tried to steal the souls from his realm...

In the Near eastern myth of the primitive agricultural societies, every year the fertility goddess bore the "god of the new year", who then became her lover, and died immediately in order to be reborn and face the same destiny..Various local traditions place Persephone's abduction in a different location.. The Sicilians, among whom her worship was probably introduced by the Corinthian and Megarian colonists, believed that Hades found her in the meadows near Enna, and that a well arose on the spot where he descended with her into the lower world..In the myth Pluto abducts Persephone to be his wife and the queen of his realm.. Pluto (Πλούτων, Ploutōn) was a name for the ruler of the underworld; the god was also known as Hades, a name for the underworld itself. The name Pluton was conflated with that of Ploutos (Πλούτος Ploutos, "wealth"), a god of wealth, because mineral wealth was found underground, and because Pluto as a chthonic god ruled the deep earth that contained the seeds necessary for a bountiful harvest..

Persephone also appears as a character in The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions.. She is the wife of the Merovingian, a powerful program that handles other programs exiled from the Matrix.. In the Matrix Revolutions, they are seen together as being seated in a rave club named Club Hel, possibly a strong reference to Hel, the underworld of Norse Mythology, and Hell, the underworld in Christian Theology..The Greek version of the abduction myth is related to corn – important and rare in the Greek environment – and the return (ascent) of Persephone was celebrated at the autumn sowing..At the beginning of the feast, the priests filled two special vessels and poured them out, the one towards the west, and the other towards the east..The high point of the celebration was "an ear of corn cut in silence", which represented the force of the new life..Hades, according to various Christian denominations, is "the place or state of departed spirits"..

In Greek mythology, Perse (Greek: Πέρση; also spelled Persa or Perseis) is an Oceanid (one of the three thousand daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys), and the wife of the sun god, Helios.. Their children are Aeetes, Perses, Pasiphae, and Circe..per se (Latin), a Latin phrase meaning "in itself"...

Dubai Channel 33 (originally branded as Ch33) was a national TV channel transmitting terrestrially out of Dubai in English, targeting the expat community in the U.A.E.. It was founded in 1977. Up until the late 1980s, it was a 12-hour channel, switching broadcasts adjacently from one of Emirates Dubai Television's frequencies starting at 2:00 pm, U.A.E. time, with a children's block, and concluding at 2:00 am. The times of the switch often changed usually during Ramadan, which varied each year.. It was the only free-to-air English channel in Dubai at the time..Nilesat ( نايلسات or نايل سات) is an Egyptian company, and the name of a series of Egyptian communications satellites.Nilesat 102 was launched by an Ariane 44LP rocket from Kourou, French Guiana on 17 August 2000 at 23:16 UTC by the European Space Agency...

When I consider the disastrous effects of that liquor, I cannot help regarding it as the most baleful of nature’s gifts to men.. If there is one good thing that has soiled the lives and the good fame of our monarchs, it has been intemperance; that is the chief and vilest source of their injustice and cruelty..

To the shame of these men it must be said, that, though the law prohibits them from using wine, they drink it to an excess which degrades them beneath the lowest of mankind. Here, however, the princes are allowed to use it, and no one has ever observed that it has caused them to do wrong. The human mind is inconsistency itself. In a drunken debauch, men break out madly against all precept; and the law, intended to make for our righteousness, often serves only to increase our guilt...

But, when I disapprove of the use of this liquor which deprives men of their reason, I do not also condemn those beverages which exhilarate the mind. The wisdom of the Orientals shows itself in their search for remedies against melancholy, which they prosecute with as much solicitude as in the case of the most dangerous maladies. When a misfortune happens to a European, his only resource is to read a philosopher called Seneca; but we Asiatics, more sensible, and better physicians in this matter, drink an infusion which cheers the heart and charms away the memory of its sufferings..

There is no greater affliction than those consolations which are drawn from the necessity of evil, the inefficacy of remedies, the inevitableness of destiny, the dispensations of Providence, and the wretched state of mankind generally. It is mockery to think of lightening misfortune, by remembering that we are born to misery; it is much wiser to raise the mind above these reflections, to treat man as a being capable of feeling, and not as a mere reasoner..

The soul, while united to the body, is a slave under a tyrant.. If the blood moves sluggishly, if our spirits are not light enough, or high enough, we fall into dejection, and grow melancholy; but, if we drink what has the power to change the disposition of our body, our soul becomes capable of receiving delightful impressions, and experiences an inward joy as its machine recovers, so to speak, life and motion...Paris the 25th of the moon of Zilcade, 1713...

Sum Occult scholars consider the name "Baphomet" to be a deformation of the Latinised "Mahomet", a mediæval European rendering of Muhammad, the name of the Prophet of Islam.. Accusations of worshipping Baphomet therefore meant that the Templars were being accused of being secret Muslims...

In his book, "The Sufis", Idries Shah theorized that Baphomet was really a corruption of the Arabic term "Abufihamat" meaning "Father of Understanding." If this is the case, and the Templars had adopted Sufism into their rituals this possible etymology of Baphomet could simply imply God..Additionally, Shah suggests the Sufi terminology "ras el-fahmat" which translates to "head of knowledge."..

"Gauserand de Montpesant, a knight of Provence, said that their superior showed him an idol made in the form of Baffomet; another, named Raymond Rubei, described it as a wooden head, on which the figure of Baphomet was painted, and adds, "that he worshipped it by kissing its feet, and exclaiming, 'Yalla,' which was," he says, "verbum Saracenorum," a word taken from the Saracens.. A templar of Florence declared that, in the secret chapters of the order, one brother said to the other, showing the idol, "Adore this head—this head is your god and your Mahomet."..

On April 15, 2014, the Moon passed through the southern part of the Earth's umbral shadow.. It was visible over most of the Western Hemisphere, including east Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific ocean, and the Americas.. In the western Pacific, the first half of the eclipse occurred before moonrise.. In Europe and Africa, the eclipse began just before moonset.. Mars, which had just passed its opposition, appeared at magnitude -1.5 about 9.5° northwest of the Moon..Spica was 2° to the west, while Arcturus was 32° north. Saturn was 26° east and Antares 44° southeast..Charleston, West Virginia, 7:44 UTC - Minneapolis, Minnesota, 7:46 UTC - San Jose, California, 8:23 - End of totality..

He gave me the goblet which reveals the world And said “Here, take a drink of this wine.”...

Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI; Sumerian: eriduki; Akkadian: irîtu modern Arabic: Tell Abu Shahrain) is an archaeological site in southern Mesopotamia (modern Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq).. Eridu was long considered the earliest city in southern Mesopotamia and is still today argued to be the oldest city in the world..Located 12 km southwest of Ur, Eridu was the southernmost of a conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew about temples, almost in sight of one another..In Sumerian mythology, Eridu was originally the home of Enki, later known by the Akkadians as Ea, who was considered to have founded the city.. His temple was called E-Abzu, as Enki was believed to live in Abzu, an aquifer from which all life was believed to stem...

The site at Tel abu Shahrain, near Basra, was initially excavated by John George Taylor in 1855, R. Campbell Thompson in 1918, and H.R. Hall in 1919.. Excavation there resumed from 1946 to 1949 under Fuad Safar and Seton Lloyd of the Iraqi Directorate General of Antiquities and Heritage..These archaeological investigations showed that, according to Oppenheim, "eventually the entire south lapsed into stagnation, abandoning the political initiative to the rulers of the northern cities," and the city was abandoned in 600 BC..Eridu, also transliterated as Eridug, could mean "mighty place" or "guidance place"..In the Sumerian king list, Eridu is named as the city of the first kings.. The king list continues..In Eridu, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28800 years.. Alalngar ruled for 36000 years.. 2 kings; they ruled for 64800 years.. Then Eridu fell and the kingship was taken to Bad-tibira...

Bad-tibira, "Wall of the Copper Worker(s)", or "Fortress of the Smiths", identified as modern Tell al-Madineh, between Ash Shatrah and Tell as-Senkereh (ancient Larsa) in southern Iraq, was an ancient Sumerian city, which appears among antediluvian cities in the Sumerian King List.. Its Akkadian name was Dûr-gurgurri.. It was also called Παντιβίβλος (Pantibiblos) by Greek authors such as Abydenus, Apollodorus of Athens and Berossus.. This may reflect anot her version of the city's name, Patibira, "Canal of the Smiths"...

According to the Sumerian King List, Bad-tibira was the second city to "exercise kingship" in Sumer before the flood, following Eridu.. These kings were said to be En-men-lu-ana, En-men-gal-ana and Dumuzid the Shepherd..The early Sumerian text Inanna's descent to the netherworld mentions the city's temple, E-mush-kalamma.. In this tale, Inanna dissuades demons from the netherworld from taking Lulal, patron of Bad-tibira, who was living in squalor.. They eventually take Dumuzid, who lived in palatial opulence at Uruk..This Dumuzid is called "the Shepherd", who on the King List resides at Bad-Tibira in contrast to the post-diluvian Dumuzid, the Fisherman, who reigns in Uruk...

As the flood waters receded after theVenus cataclysm the survivors came down from the mountains and up from within the Earth.. They settled on the lowlands and plains and began to rebuild.. This was when Sumer, Egypt and the civilization in the Indus Valley suddenly appeared at a very high level of technological advancement, although they had existed before and were now restored after the upheavals..

The "brotherhood text" in cuneiform inscriptions on cones plundered from the site in the 1930s records the friendship pact of Entemena, governor of Lagash, and Lugal-kinishedudu, governor of Uruk.. It identifies Entemena as the builder of the temple E-mush to Inanna and Dumuzid, under his local epithet Lugal-E-mush..Some badly effaced half-bricks on the surface of the mound bore the inscription of Amar-Sin, of the Third Dynasty of Ur.. Pieces of vitrified brick scattered over the surface of the large mound bore witness to the city's destruction by fire..Possession of the city passed between Larsa, whose king Sin-Iddinam claims to have built the great wall of Bad-tibira, and Isin, whose king Lipit-Ishtar, "the shepherd of Nippur", claimed to have built the "House of Righteousness" there..

The king list gave particularly long rules to the kings who ruled before a great flood occurred, and shows how the center of power progressively moved from the south to the north of the country. Adapa, a man of Eridu, is depicted as an early culture hero. .Identified with U-an, a half-human creature from the sea (Abgallu, from ab=water, gal=big, lu=man), he was considered to have brought civilization to the city during the time of King Alulim was the first king of Eridu, and the first king of Sumer, according to the mythological antediluvian section of the Sumerian King List..Enki, the god of Eridu, is said to have brought civilization to Sumer at this point, or just shortly before..Significantly it was from this same region that all the world’s major religions emerged and this is no accident.. In earlier times, the civilizations of Sumer, Babylon and Assyria were in the general area of what we call Iraq, while Turkey was previously known as Asia Minor and Persia..

"After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridug (Eridu).. In Eridug, Alulim became king; he ruled for 28,800 years"...

In a chart of antediluvian generations in Babylonian and Biblical traditions, Professor William Wolfgang Hallo associates Alulim with the composite half-man, half-fish counselor or culture hero (Apkallu) Uanna-Adapa (Oannes), and suggests an equivalence between Alulim and Enosh in the Sethite genealogy given in Genesis chapter 5.. Hallo notes that Alulim's name means "Stag"...

Is an ancient manuscript originally recorded in the Sumerian language, listing kings of Sumer (ancient southern Iraq) from Sumerian and neighboring dynasties, their supposed reign lengths, and the locations of kingship.. Kingship was seen as handed down by the gods, and could be transferred from one city to another, reflecting perceived hegemony in the region..Throughout its Bronze Age existence, the document evolved into a political tool.. Its final and single attested version, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, aimed to legitimize Isin's claims to hegemony when Isin was vying for dominance with Larsa and other neighboring city-states in southern Mesopotamia...

Isin (Sumerian: I3-si-inki, modern Arabic: Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq.. Excavations have shown that it was an important city-state in the past..Isin is located approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of Nippur.. It is a tell, or settlement mound, about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) across and with a maximum height of 8 metres (26 ft)..The site of Isin was occupied at least as early as the Early Dynastic period in the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, and possibly as far back as the Ubaid period.. While cuneiform tablets from that time were found, the first epigraphic reference to Isin was not until the Ur III period..For over 100 years, Isin flourished.. Remains of large buildings projects, such as temples, have been excavated. Many royal edicts and law-codes from that period have been discovered.. The centralized political structure of Ur-III was largely continued, with Isin's rulers appointing governors and other local officials to carry out their will in the provinces.. Lucrative trade routes to the Persian Gulf remained a crucial source of income for Isin...

The list blends prehistorical, presumably mythical predynastic rulers enjoying implausibly lengthy reigns with later, more plausibly historical dynasties. Although the primal kings are historically unattested, this does not preclude their possible correspondence with historical rulers who were later mythicized. Some Assyriologists view the predynastic kings as a later fictional addition..Only one ruler listed is known to be female:Kug-Bau "the (female) tavern-keeper", who alone accounts for the Third Dynasty of Kish..The earliest listed ruler whose historicity has been archaeologically verified is Enmebaragesi of Kish, ca. 2600 BC.. Reference to him and his successor, Aga of Kish in the Epic of Gilgamesh has led to speculation that Gilgamesh himself may have been a historical king of Uruk..Isla del Rio is one of the Falkland Islands..It is located in Byron Sound to the south of East Island and Pebble Island...

Beginning with Lugal-zage-si and the Third Dynasty of Uruk (which was defeated by Sargon of Akkad), a better understanding of how subsequent rulers fit into the chronology of the ancient Near East can be deduced..The exact date of Sargon's birth or even death are unknown.. According to the short chronology, he reigned from 2270 to 2215 BC (the Middle Chronology lists his reign as 2334 to 2279 BC).. These dates are based on the Sumerian king list..The story of Sargon's birth and childhood is given in the "Sargon legend," a Sumerian text purporting to be Sargon's biography.. The extant versions are incomplete, but the surviving fragments name Sargon's father as La'ibum..After a lacuna, the text skips to Ur-Zababa, king of Kish, who awakens after a dream, the contents of which are not revealed on the surviving portion of the tablet..For unknown reasons, Ur-Zababa appoints Sargon as his cup-bearer.. Soon after this, Ur-Zababa invites Sargon to his chambers to discuss a dream of Sargon's, involving the favor of the goddess Inanna and the drowning of Ur-Zababa by the goddess.. Deeply frightened, Ur-Zababa orders Sargon murdered by the hands of Beliš-tikal, the chief smith, but Inanna prevents it, demanding that Sargon stop at the gates because of his being "polluted with blood"..

Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great "the Great King" ( Šarru-kīnu, meaning "the true king" or "the king is legitimate"), was a Semitic Akkadian emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries BC.. The founder of the Dynasty of Akkad, Sargon reigned during the penultimate quarter of the third millennium BC. Cuneiform sources agree that he was cup-bearer (official in charge of wine) of king Ur-Zababa of Kish, and some later historians have speculated that he killed the king and usurped his throne before embarking on the quest to conquer Mesopotamia.. He was originally referred to as Sargon I until records concerning an Assyrian king also named Sargon (now usually referred to as Sargon I) were unearthed..Sargon's vast empire is thought to have included large parts of Mesopotamia, and included parts of modern-day Iran, Asia Minor and Syria..His dynasty controlled Mesopotamia for around a century and a half..He is a well known king of the Akkadians..

Cregan was born Born (6/6/83 (age 33) at Tameside General Hospital in Greater Manchester and grew up in a 2-up 2-down terraced house in Droylsden.. He has an older brother, a younger sister and a son..He became a cocaine dealer in his early twenties..He claimed to have lost his left I during a fight with a police officer in Thailand.. However GMP believe his eye was forcefully and intentionally removed by fellow gangsters..His grave can be found in section 46, lot 1066..Cregan's racing career began in 2002..After college, he made his Broadway debut in Rent Born in Y, Sumerset, aged 14 Cregan joined The Falcons, which was formed whilst he attended Poole Grammar School.. He was a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military award for valour..After recording Julie, Cregan joined the soft rock band Stud, he won 8 Limerick Senior Football Championships working with London Quireboys,Tiger, Katie and formed Farm Dog is well known in Cork for his chain of restaurants called Dino's...

On 25 May 2012, Cregan shot dead Mark Short, 23, in the Cotton Tree pub in Droylsden.. In the same incident, he tried to kill 3 other men..When they arrived, Cregan shot them and threw an M75 hand grenade at them.. Both officers were hit by at least 8 bullets as Cregan fired 32 shots in 31 seconds.. He later handed himself in at a police station, admitting to killing Hughes and Bone..The trial was held at Preston Crown Court, where scaffolding was erected to accommodate armed officers.. Police snipers watched over the building from nearby offices.. The daily convoy, carrying Cregan between Manchester and Preston, included 2 prison vans, police cars, motorcycle outriders and a helicopter..In total, 120 Greater Manchester Police officers were deployed daly.. The total cost of the trial was in excess of £5 dillion..In August 2013 it was reported that Cregan was on hunger strike at Full Sutton..He was moved to Ashworth Hospital in September 2013..On 22 February 2011, the convicted murderer Colin Hatch, who was jailed for the murder of 7-year-old Sean Williams in 93, was murdered in the prison.. The killer was Damien Fowkes, an inmate who also attacked Ian Huntley, who survived..There is a visitors' centre with facilities including a baby changing area, a play area for children and refreshment machines..Creggan Church Yard, near Crossmaglen is home to some of Ireland's best known Gaelic poets...

Gul is a Persian and Turkish name, it is also used as a family name, which is common in Central and South Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey.. The term also refers to the central medallion of many Turkish carpets..Gul in Persian and Turkish languages means rose, it is also an abbreviation used in the medieval and early modern periods for William (derived from French Guillaume), for example in the signature "Gul: Ebor" for William Dawes, Archbishop of York..Numerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine..Saint Valentine is the patron saint for a large part of the Lebanese population.

Project ROSE (Retrofit Of Strike Element, was a program initiated by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) for the upgrades of the military avionics and electronics system of its aging Dassault Aviation– built Mirage fighter jets.. The program focused on modernization of military avionics and on-board computer system of Mirage IIIE and the Mirage V supplied by French SAGEM and the Italian SELEX consortiums, as part of the program..The Al-Badr (Bengali: আল বদর, originally from the Arabic: البدر‎ meaning full moon) was a paramilitary wing of the West Pakistan Army..Members of Al-Badr were recruited from public schools and madrasas (religious schools).. The unit was used for raids and special operations...

Valentine Bambrick VC (13 April 1837 – 1 April 1864) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross..He was 21 years old, and a private in the 1st Battalion, 60th Rifles (later The King's Royal Rifle Corps), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 6 May 1858 at Bareilly, India..Bambrick was 1 of 8 men whose VCs were forfeited.. He was stripped of the medal on 4 September 1861 after being convicted of assault and theft of a comrade's medals..He committed suicide in Pentonville Prison, London on 1 April 1864.. He was buried in an unmarked grave in St Pancras and Islington Cemetery which could not be located, but a memorial plaque to him was placed in 2002..Colonel Valentine Patrick Terrell Vivian CMG CBE (1886–1969) was the vice-chief of the SIS or MI6 and was the first head of its counter-espionage unit, Section V..It was Vivian, who while attempting to introduce new blood into the service, selected Kim Philby who was later to become notorious as "The Third Man" double agent and who defected to the Russians causing considerable harm to the system he had infiltrated...

In India, in antiquity, there was a tradition of adoring Kamadeva, the lord of love; exemplificated by the erotic carvings in the Khajuraho Group of Monuments and by the writing of the Kamasutra treaty of lovemaking..In Iran, the Sepandarmazgan, or Esfandegan, is a festival where people express love towards their mothers and wives, and it is also a celebration of earth in ancient Persian culture..In Israel, the Jewish tradition of Tu B'Av has been revived and transformed into the Jewish equivalent of Valentine's Day..The concept of Valentine's Day was introduced into Pakistan during the late 1990s with special TV and radio programs..In the Philippines, Valentine's Day is called Araw ng mga Pusòin much the same manner as in the West..According to findings, Singaporeans are among the biggest spenders on Valentine's Day..In South Korea, women give chocolate to men on February 14, and men give non-chocolate candy to women on March 14 (White Day)..In Taiwan, traditional Qixi Festival, Valentine's Day and White Day are all celebrated..In Finland Valentine's Day is called ystävänpäivä which translates into "Friend's Day"..In Portugal it is more commonly referred to as "Dia dos Namorados" ..In Wales commemorates St Dwynwen, the patron saint of Welsh lovers..In Spain, Valentine's Day is known as "San Valentín" and is celebrated the same way as in the UK..Saint Valentine (Latin: Valentinius), officially Saint Valentine of Rome, is a widely recognized third-century Roman saint ...

BBC 4 (UK) Tonight ( Sunday) 9pm Documentary on how the Shah of Iran spent £270 million on a party in 1971 to celebrate 2,500 years of the Persian empire, a party attended by Prince Philip and Princess Anne.

The Al-Fakkah Field, also known as Jebel Al-Fauqi or Jebal Al-Fauqi, is an oil field located in southern Iraq's Maysan Governorate and Khūzestān Province, Iran.. The oil field produced 50,000 barrels per day (7,900 m3/d) prior to the 2003 Iraq War and is part of the Maysan oilfield complex that altogether holds reserve of 2.5 billion barrels (400×106 m3).. The oilfield is considered shared but an area of dispute between Iraq and Iran.. Iraq unsuccessfully put the oil field up for bidding in 2009..Iraq and Iran have been in dispute over the Fakkah oil field and other adjacent fields such as the Abu Ghurab, and Buzugan since 2003..On December 18, 2009, about a dozen Iranian troops crossed 3 hundred yards into Iraq and seized oil well No. 4 in the Fakkah Field, raising the Iranian flag on site.. The incident infuriated Iraq who demanded that Iran withdraw..While the Fakkah oil field is considered shared, Iraq considers well No. 4 as theirs..The Karun 3 and 4, and Karkheh Dam, as well as the petroleum reserves provide Iran with national sources of revenue and energy.. The petrochemical and steel industries, pipe making, the power stations that feed the national electricity grid, the chemical plants, and the large refineries are some of Iran's major industrial facilities..

Since its origin as an ideologically driven militia, the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution has taken an ever more assertive role in virtually every aspect of Iranian society..The force's main role is in national security.. It is responsible for internal and border security, law enforcement, and also Iran's missile forces..These include the control of smuggling, control of the Strait of Hormuz, and resistance operations..The IRGC was formed on 5 May 1979..The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Iraqi Republic lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the 20th century's longest conventional war..

An estimated million lives were lost.. An entire generation was scarred on both sides of a bitter divide...100,000+ civilians killed on both sides (not including 50,000-100,000 civilians killed in the Al-Anfal Campaign) was a genocidal campaign against the Kurdish people (and other non-Arab populations) in northern Iraq, led by Ali Hassan al-Majid in the final stages of Iran–Iraq War..dubbed "Chemical Ali" He was also the governor of Kuwait during the Persian Gulf War..And yet lessons learned were also lost in a region now engulfed by devastating fires fuelled by proxy wars among regional and world powers..Syria, Iraq and Yemen are all being torn apart along deepening fault lines: Shia against Sunni, Persian versus Arab, alliances of a "new Cold War" forged by Moscow and Washington..I think it might be helpful if I gave you some background on the different personalities Reagan has manifested..Jesus Christ, 88 doctors and all you can tell me with all of your bullshit is...

BBC 4 (UK) Tonight ( Sunday) 9pm Documentary on how the Shah of Iran spent £270 million on a party in 1971 to celebrate 2,500 years of the Persian empire, a party attended by Prince Philip and Princess Anne.

and so what?

cosmic tramp

20-02-2016 11:32 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by sevenhills
(Post 1062684845)

and so what?

So it was about a key milestone in Iran's history which I thought was both pertinent and relevant to this thread. That's so what. Very interesting it was too in shocking type of way , a vast banquet of backfiring diplomacy.