Sample records for local energy accessible

A new type of complementary relation is found between locallyaccessible information and final average entanglement for given ensemble. It is also shown that in some well known distillation protocol, this complementary relation is optimally satisfied. We discuss the interesting trade-off between locallyaccessible information and distillable entanglement for some states.

and international experience, several bespoke energy strategies are identified that have significant potential to contribute to local energy demand reduction and lower CO2 emissions in the UK. The strategies identified include, Combined Heat and Power with District Heating (CHP?DH), Energy from Waste Facilities (Ef... Energy, Decentralised Energy, Energy Service Company (ESCo), CHP, District Heating JEL Classification Contact sjk64@cama.c.uk Publication January 2011 Financial Support 4CMR, Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge Trusts 1 The...

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directed off Energy.gov. Are you0 ARRA Newsletters 20103-03 AUDIT REPORT:Patricia DaviesEnergyAccess to

Access to foundational energy performance data is key to improving the efficiency of the built environment. However, stakeholders often lack access to what they perceive as credible energy performance data. Therefore, even if a stakeholder determines that a product would increase efficiency, they often have difficulty convincing their management to move forward. Even when credible data do exist, such data are not always sufficient to support detailed energy performance analyses, or the development of robust business cases. One reason for this is that the data parameters that are provided are generally based on the respective industry norms. Thus, for mature industries with extensive testing standards, the data made available are often quite detailed. But for emerging technologies, or for industries with less well-developed testing standards, available data are generally insufficient to support robust analysis. However, even for mature technologies, there is no guarantee that the data being supplied are the same data needed to accurately evaluate a product?s energy performance. To address these challenges, the U.S. Department of Energy funded development of a free, publically accessible Web-based portal, the Technology Performance Exchange(TM), to facilitate the transparent identification, storage, and sharing of foundational energy performance data. The Technology Performance Exchange identifies the intrinsic, technology-specific parameters necessary for a user to perform a credible energy analysis and includes a robust database to store these data. End users can leverage stored data to evaluate the site-specific performance of various technologies, support financial analyses with greater confidence, and make better informed procurement decisions.

capital costs of access and, using U.S. Census data, compute an average network cost per subscriber for a household and compute the future expected value to the providers. #12;3 2 Replacement Cost Data For this study, we developed our own cost data so that we could explicitly link these data to data from the U

Capacity Building on Access to Energy in Africa: Final Report Danish Support to EUEI Facilitation from African partner organisations and individuals Title: Capacity Building on Access to Energy (Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Cover: Solar home system installed at house near Chipata, Eastern

EERE's State and LocalEnergy Data (SLED) Tool provides basic energy market information that can help state and local governments plan and implement clean energy projects, including electricity generation; fuel sources and costs; applicable policies, regulations, and financial incentives; and renewable energy resource potential. Watch this video to learn more about the tool and hear testimonials from real users about the benefits of using this tool.

EERE's State and LocalEnergy Data (SLED) Tool provides basic energy market information that can help state and local governments plan and implement clean energy projects, including electricity generation; fuel sources and costs; applicable policies, regulations, and financial incentives; and renewable energy resource potential. Watch this video to learn more about the tool and hear testimonials from real users about the benefits of using this tool.

This paper discusses the work completed working with Global Arrays of data on distributed multi-computer systems and improving their performance. The tasks completed were done at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the Science Undergrad Laboratory Internship program in the summer of 2013 for the Data Intensive Computing Group in the Fundamental and Computational Sciences DIrectorate. This work was done on the Global Arrays Toolkit developed by this group. This toolkit is an interface for programmers to more easily create arrays of data on networks of computers. This is useful because scientific computation is often done on large amounts of data sometimes so large that individual computers cannot hold all of it. This data is held in array form and can best be processed on supercomputers which often consist of a network of individual computers doing their computation in parallel. One major challenge for this sort of programming is that operations on arrays on multiple computers is very complex and an interface is needed so that these arrays seem like they are on a single computer. This is what global arrays does. The work done here is to use more efficient operations on that data that requires less copying of data to be completed. This saves a lot of time because copying data on many different computers is time intensive. The way this challenge was solved is when data to be operated on with binary operations are on the same computer, they are not copied when they are accessed. When they are on separate computers, only one set is copied when accessed. This saves time because of less copying done although more data access operations were done.

RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Noninvasive ventilation reduces energy expenditure in amyotrophic with a shift of the burden of ventilation to extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles, including neck muscles prognostic value. We hypothesized that noninvasive ventilation (NIV) would relieve inspiratory neck muscles

In this study we provide an analysis of the factors underlying Congressional concern regarding model documentation, policies for public access, and evaluation procedures of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and ...

Energy-Efficient Management of UMTS Access Networks Luca Chiaraviglio, Delia Ciullo, Michela Meo by the telecommunication sector in Italy in the next ten years, the main culprit being customer premises networking

, for a holistic approach to energy efficient networking. In this paper we tackle the issue of energy-aware manage customer premises networking equipment. This situation, coupled with increasing energy costs, has generated

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AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directed off Energy.gov. Are you sure you want toworldPower 2010ConferencingOperationalDOE Plans DOE

It is difficult to relate the properties of liquids and glasses directly to their structure because of complexity in the structure which defies precise definition. The potential energy landscape (PEL) approach is a very insightful way to conceptualize the structure-property relationship in liquids and glasses, particularly on the effect of temperature and history. However, because of the highly multi-dimensional nature of the PEL it is hard to determine, or even visualize, the actual details of the energy landscape. In this article we introduce a modified concept of the localenergy landscape (LEL) which is limited in phase space, and demonstrate its usefulness using molecular dynamics simulation on a simple liquid at high temperatures. The localenergy landscape is given as a function of the local coordination number, the number of the nearest neighbor atoms. The excitations in the LEL corresponds to the so-called beta-relaxation process. The LEL offers a simple but useful starting point to discuss complex phenomena in liquids and glasses.

1 Local Renewable Energy Initiatives: The development of Lochem Energie provision. There are a number of local renewable energy initiatives that emerged from all over Europe typically face. Keywords: sustainability transitions, strategic niche management, local renewable energy

We set up and analyze a random matrix model to study energylocalization and its time behavior in two chaotically coupled systems. This investigation is prompted by a recent experimental and theoretical study of Weaver and Lobkis on coupled elastomechanical systems. Our random matrix model properly describes the main features of the findings by Weaver and Lobkis. Due to its general character, our model is also applicable to similar systems in other areas of physics -- for example, to chaotically coupled quantum dots.

An overview of some of the best practices for gaining support for energy efficiency projects from your local leaders , key data points and other items of interest that local leaders might look for when approached about supporting energy efficiency projects..

LocalizedEnergy-Aware Restricted Neighborhood routing (LEARN), which can guarantee the energy efficiency is the energy consumption of the least energy cost path connecting s and t. In this paper, we study an energyEnergy-Efficient Localized Routing in Random Multihop Wireless Networks Yu Wang, Senior Member

We prove exponential and dynamical localization at low energies for the Schr\\"odinger operator with an attractive Poisson random potential in any dimension. We also conclude that the eigenvalues in that spectral region of localization have finite multiplicity.

Local and Global Casimir Energies for a Semitransparent Cylindrical Shell InÂ´es Cavero the -function shell, the localenergy density diverges as the surface of the shell is approached; the divergence by physical boundaries, such as the Casimir energy due to a perfectly conducting spherical shell [1], has been

accuracy. In this paper, we show that the collaboration among proxy devices is helpful to energy-efficiently campuses. Next, we contemplate what is the best method for selfish mobile users to collaborate for energy-efficient localization, and suggest an energy-efficient and/or user fairness localization framework. Next, we develop

systems to date support remote control and automation but not access control, making them applicable to HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. SE has the potential of significantly access from a remote site over the Internet, in which case access control in the form of a shared key

In this paper we investigate the energy distribution of states of a linear scalar quantum field with arbitrary curvature coupling on a curved spacetime which fulfill some local thermality condition. We find that this condition implies a quantum energy inequality for these states, where the (lower) energy bounds depend only on the local temperature distribution and are local and covariant (the dependence of the bounds other than on temperature is on parameters defining the quantum field model, and on local quantities constructed from the spacetime metric). Moreover, we also establish the averaged null energy condition (ANEC) for such locally thermal states, under growth conditions on their local temperature and under conditions on the free parameters entering the definition of the renormalized stress-energy tensor. These results hold for a range of curvature couplings including the cases of conformally coupled and minimally coupled scalar field.

Multiple Access and Two-way Channels with Energy Harvesting and Bi-directional Energy Cooperation@ee.psu.edu Abstract--This paper considers the multiple access and two- way channels with energy harvesting, and optimal policies were found using a two-dimensional water-filling algorithm. In this paper, the bi

This document identifies and provides access to source documentation for the Site- Wide Environmental Impact Statement for Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico. Specifically, it lists agreements between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), DOE/NNSA/Sandia Site Office (SSO), Sandia Corporation, and local and state government agencies, Department of Defense, Kirtland Air Force Base, and other federal agencies.

In the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity the energy density of asymptoticaly flat gravitational fields can be naturally and unambiguously defined. Upon integration of the energy density over the whole three dimensional space we obtain the ADM energy. We use this energy density to calculate the energy inside a Schwarzschild black hole.

The aim of this study was to conduct a lifecycle wide analysis of the direct and indirect energy inputs and outputs flowing through a bioethanol pathway in Kenya using the life cycle energy assessment technique and energy performance indicators...

and education center at Iowa State University to develop sustainable agricultural practices that are both concern for stakeholders is access to capital. The good news is, there are funding options available from Initiative, Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, in collaboration with Iowa State University

The local Casimir energy density and the global Casimir energy for a massless scalar field associated with a $\\lambda\\delta$-function potential in a 3+1 dimensional circular cylindrical geometry are considered. The global energy is examined for both weak and strong coupling, the latter being the well-studied Dirichlet cylinder case. For weak-coupling,through $\\mathcal{O}(\\lambda^2)$, the total energy is shown to vanish by both analytic and numerical arguments, based both on Green's-function and zeta-function techniques. Divergences occurring in the calculation are shown to be absorbable by renormalization of physical parameters of the model. The global energy may be obtained by integrating the localenergy density only when the latter is supplemented by an energy term residing precisely on the surface of the cylinder. The latter is identified as the integrated localenergy density of the cylindrical shell when the latter is physically expanded to have finite thickness. Inside and outside the delta-function shell, the localenergy density diverges as the surface of the shell is approached; the divergence is weakest when the conformal stress tensor is used to define the energy density. A real global divergence first occurs in $\\mathcal{O}(\\lambda^3)$, as anticipated, but the proof is supplied here for the first time; this divergence is entirely associated with the surface energy, and does {\\em not} reflect divergences in the localenergy density as the surface is approached.

Energy Conversion Efficiency of Nanofluidic Batteries: Hydrodynamic Slip and Access Resistance Yu channels. INTRODUCTION Nanofluidic batteries are interesting energy generation systems for converting with this nanofluidic battery system has gained considerable attention. One of the challenges for the nanofluidic

carriers like hydrogen or methanol, etc. There is a general belief in unbroken scientific developmentEnergies 2009, 2, 839-850; doi:10.3390/en20400839 OPEN ACCESSenergies ISSN 1996-1073 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies reforms must clearly be made in our global energy system [1]. An increasing #12;Energies 2009, 2 840

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AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualProperty Edit with form History FacebookRegenesysRenewableStrategies (EC-LEDS) |

The local Casimir energy density for a massless scalar field associated with step-function potentials in a 3+1 dimensional spherical geometry is considered. The potential is chosen to be zero except in a shell of thickness $\\delta$, where it has height $h$, with the constraint $h\\delta=1$. In the limit of zero thickness, an ideal $\\delta$-function shell is recovered. The behavior of the energy density as the surface of the shell is approached is studied in both the strong and weak coupling regimes. The former case corresponds to the well-known Dirichlet shell limit. New results, which shed light on the nature of surface divergences and on the energy contained within the shell, are obtained in the weak coupling limit, and for a shell of finite thickness. In the case of zero thickness, the energy has a contribution not only from the localenergy density, but from an energy term residing entirely on the surface. It is shown that the latter coincides with the integrated localenergy density within the shell. We also study the dependence of local and global quantities on the conformal parameter. In particular new insight is provided on the reason for the divergence in the global Casimir energy in third order in the coupling.

The shift towards a energy Grid dominated by prosumers (consumers and producers of energy) will inevitably have repercussions on the distribution infrastructure. Today it is a hierarchical one designed to deliver energy from large scale facilities to end-users. Tomorrow it will be a capillary infrastructure at the medium and Low Voltage levels that will support localenergy trading among prosumers. In our previous work, we analyzed the Dutch Power Grid and made an initial analysis of the economic impact topological properties have on decentralized energy trading. In this paper, we go one step further and investigate how different networks topologies and growth models facilitate the emergence of a decentralized market. In particular, we show how the connectivity plays an important role in improving the properties of reliability and path-cost reduction. From the economic point of view, we estimate how the topological evolutions facilitate local electricity distribution, taking into account the main cost ingredi...

The effects of quantum fluctuations in fields confined by background configurations may be simply and transparently computed using the Green's function approach pioneered by Schwinger. Not only can total energies and surface forces be computed in this way, but localenergy densities, and in general, all components of the vacuum expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor may be calculated. For simple geometries this approach may be carried out exactly, which yields insight into what happens in less tractable situations. In this talk I will concentrate on the example of a scalar field in a circular cylindrical delta-function background. This situation is quite similar to that of a spherical delta-function background. The localenergy density in these cases diverges as the surface of the background is approached, but these divergences are integrable. The total energy is finite in strong coupling, but in weak coupling a divergence occurs in third order. This universal feature is shown to reflect a divergence in the energy associated with the surface, the integrated localenergy density within the shell itself, which surface energy should be removable by a process of renormalization.

Almost a third of the total energy consumed in South Asia is managed or administered by women. Yet there are no institutional arrangements available to prepare women for this task and there are few instances where women are given the training, information, knowledge, and skills to plan and manage the efficient utilization of energy, including the use of renewable energy sources in their daily lives. Women in Sustainable Energy Research (WISER) is set up to fulfill this need through the development of application oriented energy management programs and their dissemination to the women of South Asia. WISER will work in close partnership with the South Asia Women in Energy (SAWIE) network. WISER will be the training hub for SAWIE, showcasing clean energy technologies and incubating energy efficiency and renewable energy systems for women entrepreneurs in South Asia (SA). Through capacity building programs offered by WISER, women will be empowered, adopt sustainable development life styles and measures, and contribute to economic growth.

We present a manifestly local, diffeomorphism invariant and locally Poincare invariant formulation of vacuum energy sequestering. In this theory, quantum vacuum energy generated by matter loops is cancelled by auxiliary fields. The auxiliary fields decouple from gravity almost completely. Their only residual effect is an {\\it a priori} arbitrary, finite contribution to the curvature of the background geometry, which is radiatively stable. Its value is to be determined by a measurement, like the finite part of any radiatively stable UV-sensitive quantity in quantum field theory

Although energy efficiency has potential to be a significant energy resource in the United States, many energy efficiency projects continue to go unrealized. This is especially true in the residential sector, where efficiency ...

We derive a formula describing the transformation of the Hawking-Hayward quasi-localenergy under a conformal rescaling of the spacetime metric. A known formula for the transformation of the Misner-Sharp-Hernandez mass is recovered as a special case.

The null infinity limit of the gravitational energy-momentum and energy flux determined by the covariant Hamiltonian quasi-local expressions is evaluated using the NP spin coefficients. The reference contribution is considered by three different embedding approaches. All of them give the expected Bondi energy and energy flux.

Zhao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, Davis, CA 94536 dynamics, channel fading statistics, and energy consumption characteristics of the secondary user.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any

The High Energy Physics community over the last 15 years has achieved so-called full green Open Access through the wide dissemination of preprints via arXiv, a central subject repository managed by Cornell University. However, green Open Access does not alleviate the economic difficulties of libraries as they are still expected to offer access to versions of record of the peer-reviewed literature. For this reason the particle physics community is now addressing the issue of gold Open Access by converting a set of the existing core journals to Open Access. A Working Party has been established to bring together funding agencies, laboratories and libraries into a single consortium, called SCOAP3 (Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics). This consortium will engage with publishers to build a sustainable model for Open Access publishing. In this model, subscription fees from multiple institutions are replaced by contracts with publishers of Open Access journals, where the SCOAP3 conso...

The World Bank, Washington DC, USA e International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxemberg Energyaccess Power system planning Electricity scenarios a b s t r a c t In order to reach a goal of universal access to modern energy services in Africa by 2030, consideration of various electricity sector

Energy Department and National Renewable Energy Laboratory develop the State and LocalEnergy Data (SLED) tool, a new website capable of analyzing and sorting data in real-time to quickly assess regional energy system, demand and resources.

Emission spectra and the dynamics of high energy density plasmas created by optical and Free Electron Lasers (FELs) depend on the populations of atomic levels. Calculations of plasma emission and ionization may be simplified by assuming Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE), where populations are given by the Saha-Boltzmann equation. LTE can be achieved at high densities when collisional processes are much more significant than radiative processes, but may not be valid if plasma conditions change rapidly. A collisional-radiative model has been used to calculate the times taken by carbon and iron plasmas to reach LTE at varying densities and heating rates. The effect of different energy deposition methods, as well as Ionization Potential Depression are explored. This work shows regimes in rapidly changing plasmas, such as those created by optical lasers and FELs, where the use of LTE is justified, because timescales for plasma changes are significantly longer than the times needed to achieve an LTE ionization balance.

This report takes a broad look at the status of local clean energy policies in the United States to develop a better understanding of local clean energy policy development and the interaction between state and local policies. To date, the majority of clean energy policy research focuses on the state and federal levels. While there has been a substantial amount of research on local level climate change initiatives, this is one of the first analyses of clean energy policies separate from climate change initiatives. This report is one in a suite of reports analyzing clean energy and climate policy development at the local, state, and regional levels.

Descriptions are presented for 20 major categories of energy actions providing background information needed for communities to implement energy management programs and explaining where financial and technical help may be available. Chapter 1 provides background on the energy problem, discusses Federal, state and local roles, and outlines the planning process. Chapter 2 is a list of 20 questions to help identify a range of potential actions that could become part of the energy management plan. Chapter 3 will help evaluate each of the twenty potential activities, and chapters 4 and 5 discuss implementing and monitoring the energy management plan. (MCW)

The Franson interferometer, proposed in 1989 [J. D. Franson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62:2205-2208 (1989)], beautifully shows the counter-intuitive nature of light. The quantum description predicts sinusoidal interference for specific outcomes of the experiment, and these predictions can be verified in experiment. In the spirit of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen it is possible to ask if the quantum-mechanical description (of this setup) can be considered complete. This question will be answered in detail in this paper, by delineating the quite complicated relation between energy-time entanglement experiments and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) elements of reality. The mentioned sinusoidal interference pattern is the same as that giving a violation in the usual Bell experiment. Even so, depending on the precise requirements made on the local realist model, this can imply a) no violation, b) smaller violation than usual, or c) full violation of the appropriate statistical bound. Alternatives include a) using only the measurement outcomes as EPR elements of reality, b) using the emission time as EPR element of reality, c) using path realism, or d) using a modified setup. This paper discusses the nature of these alternatives and how to choose between them. The subtleties of this discussion needs to be taken into account when designing and setting up experiments intended to test local realism. Furthermore, these considerations are also important for quantum communication, for example in Bell-inequality-based quantum cryptography, especially when aiming for device independence.

TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT; ENACTING THE RENEWABLE ENERGY FINANCING DISTRICT ACT; AUTHORIZING MUNICIPALITIES to encourage the development of distributed generation renewable energy sources and the installation. the creation and administration of renewable energy financing districts to facilitate the development

We investigate the energy relaxation process produced by thermal baths at zero temperature acting on the boundary atoms of chains of classical anharmonic oscillators. Time-dependent perturbation theory allows us to obtain an explicit solution of the harmonic problem: even in such a simple system nontrivial features emerge from the interplay of the different decay rates of Fourier modes. In particular, a crossover from an exponential to an inverse-square-root law occurs on a time scale proportional to the system size $N$. A further crossover back to an exponential law is observed only at much longer times (of the order $N^3$). In the nonlinear chain, the relaxation process is initially equivalent to the harmonic case over a wide time span, as illustrated by simulations of the $\\beta$ Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model. The distinctive feature is that the second crossover is not observed due to the spontaneous appearance of breathers, i.e. space-localized time-periodic solutions, that keep a finite residual energy in the lattice. We discuss the mechanism yielding such solutions and also explain why it crucially depends on the boundary conditions.

Applying Retirement-Planning Strategy to Sensor Networks: An Integrated Approach to Energy-Aware. INTRODUCTION A. An Integrated Approach to Energy-Aware Medium Access One of the critical operations in wireless and the residual energy of each sensor. The impact of incorporating these parameters in MAC design on network

Application for Locally Adopted Energy Standards by the City of Pacifica in Accordance With Section;Application for Pacifica Locally Adopted Energy Standards, 12/29/10 Page 1 Executive Summary The Pacifica City concerning public health and safety in the San Francisco Bay Area. A reduction of total and peak energy use

Strategie s for Walking on Potential Energy Surfaces Using Local Quadratic Approximations JACK on potential energy surfaces is further analyzed. This method utilizes local gradient and Hessian (Le., fust and second energy derivative) information to generate a series of "steps" that are folIowed to the desired

, CHP, intelligent metering. JEL Classification H 7 6 , L97 Contact m.pollitt@jbs.cam.ac.uk Publication October 2013 Financial Support EPSRC Flexnet Project EPRG 1314 Local Energy... the consumption of energy within city, the network of players within energy policy and two flagship aspects of the policy – the district heating scheme and the use of smart metering. The paper concludes that energy policy looks very different at local and national levels. Keywords: local energy policy, Leicester, energy transition, CHP...

. Accessibility indexes need to be developed that incorporate a number of characteristics that are currently affecting accessibility to dental services. More research needs to be conducted at a local level to provide better advice to health planners and policy...

The UN Secretary General established the Sustainable Energy for All initiative in order to guide and support efforts to achieve universal access to modern energy, rapidly increase energy efficiency, and expand the use of renewable energies. Task forces were formed involving prominent energy leaders and experts from business, government, academia and civil society worldwide. The goal of the Task Forces is to inform the implementation of the initiative by identifying challenges and opportunities for achieving its objectives. This report contains the findings of Task Force One which is dedicated to the objective of achieving universal access to modern energy services by 2030. The report shows that universal energyaccess can be realized by 2030 with strong, focused actions set within a coordinated framework.

Tunable Nanoscale Plasmon Antenna for Localization and Enhancement of Optical Energy Douglas Howe....................................................................................................................... 4 Surface Plasmons used. The coupling of optical energy with the surface plasmons that occur on the surface of metals

and ultimately heat ex- change through a local, transient vegetation energy balance. The wind ®eld is aectedRelative importance of local and regional controls on coupled water, carbon, and energy Żuxes John, USA Received 19 July 2000; received in revised form 13 February 2001; accepted 14 March 2001 Abstract

Web Accessibility #12;Accessibility Webaim This is a pre-y prolific site that vary based on the type of web content. StaFc, content managed and dynamic web sites can benefit from our accessibility review service. Rich media

energy models based on synthesized router designs and different link wire types, we show that 1Spatial Locality Speculation to Reduce Energy in Chip-Multiprocessor Networks-on-Chip Hyungjun Kim performance and energy targets. In this work, we target the root cause of network energy consumption through

1 DOES THE LOCAL EMBEDDEDNESS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT underlines the spatial transition of energy production relating to the spreading of wind turbines Europe. From a rural perspective, the spreading of wind energy parks is the comeback of energy production

The 1981 LocalEnergy Initiatives survey documents continued momentum at the local level to reduce energy costs and boost reliance on alternative, renewable energy sources. California Cities and Counties have designed and implemented cost-effective, environmentally sound energy practices in internal management and resource development, and in the fields of planning, land use, transportation, and education. In California, a clear shift has been made in energy use. Leadership has moved from the federal to state and local levels. Local officials deserve much of the credit for what California has accomplished so far; our energy initiatives are pacing similar activity nationwide. Recent projections by the California Energy Commission reaffirm the urgency of continued local government involvement in alternative energy development. The Energy Commission's biennial report, charts an overall decline in energy end-use consumption, and a primary energy supply mix that relies more heavily on wind, geothermal, biomass, solar, and hydroelectric power. CEC maintains that California's 0.3 percent annual decline in energy consumption corresponds to increased efficiency through conservation and not to deprivation. On the supply side, the Commission's report predicts that renewable energy sources will supply 22 percent of California's energy needs by 2000; today that share is only 5 percent. In electrical generation, the renewable share will grow from 23 percent of total generation in 1979 to 72 percent in 2000. The one certainty in the Energy Commission's 20-year energy projection is that the energy mix will be different in 2000. It is a question of whether we will control our energy problems or allow ourselves to be controlled by them. Described here are replicable examples of how we can make our future more secure and, in so doing, protect the economic and environmental well-being of our communities. This may be the hardest and most rewarding task facing local government.

The purpose of this study is to generally inform the U.S. Department of Energy’s Building Energy Codes Program of the local, effective energy code adoption rate for a sample set of 21 states, some which have adopted statewide codes and some that have not. Information related to the residential energy code adoption process and status at the local jurisdiction was examined for each of the states. Energy code status information was gathered for approximately 2,800 jurisdictions, which effectively covered approximately 80 percent of the new residential building construction in the 21 states included in the study.

The aim of the project was to develop an effective, in-house energy review process for County building design, covering new buildings and major renovations of existing buildings. Montgomery County enacted regulations for energy efficient design of buildings in July 1986. In essence, the regulation sets energy consumption limits for buildings and calls for life-cycle-cost analysis of design choices. In the course of this project significant achievements were realized in the following areas: Energy Design Guidelines were established or refined in several areas of energy technology and design practice. The Energy Review Process was formalized and implemented. Energy personnel received supplemental training in lighting technologies and design methods, energy analysis programs and commercial design standards. The key technical findings of the project are as follows: A combination of energy design tools was found to provide optimum results, including energy analysis, life-cycle-cost analysis, prescriptive standards and guide specifications. There is a dramatic decrease in design energy consumption in buildings processed under the guidelines, ranging from 30 % to 50 % decrease in energy consumption compared to existing County buildings. On average, it was found that energy-efficient new buildings cost no more to build than energy-hog buildings. An economic analysis indicates a very high rate of return in utility savings compared to the cost of implementing the program. 10 figs.

PGAS models like OpenSHMEM provide interfaces to explicitly initiate one-sided remote memory accesses among processes. In addition, the model also provides synchronizing barriers to ensure a consistent view of the distributed memory at different phases of an application. The incorrect use of such interfaces affects the scalability achievable while using a parallel programming model. This study aims at understanding the effects of these constructs on the energy and power consumption behavior of OpenSHMEM applications. Our experiments show that cost incurred in terms of the total energy and power consumed depends on multiple factors across the software and hardware stack. We conclude that there is a significant impact on the power consumed by the CPU and DRAM due to multiple factors including the design of the data transfer patterns within an application, the design of the communication protocols within a middleware, the architectural constraints laid by the interconnect solutions, and also the levels of memory hierarchy within a compute node. This work motivates treating energy and power consumption as important factors while designing compute solutions for current and future distributed systems.

power demand and over 50% of annual energy consumption. The Ministry of Energy has to meet the growing demand for electricity by building new power plants that require high investments. This paper highlights the advancement in the Energy Conservation... the fuel consumption at the power plants and will indeed result in less emission of Carbon Dioxide and better environment. Key words: energy efficiency, air-conditioning, control strategies, thermal storage, greenhouse gas emission. 1...

Local Casimir Energies for a Thin Spherical Shell InÂ´es Cavero-PelÂ´aez, Kimball A. Milton. In the limit of zero thickness, an ideal -function shell is recovered. The behavior of the energy density of surface divergences and on the energy contained within the shell, are obtained in the weak coupling limit

1 Non-Blocking, Localized Routing Algorithm for Balanced Energy Consumption in Mobile Ad Hoc relevant nodes but also to balance individual battery levels. Unbalanced energy usage will result achieves a trade-off between balanced energy consumption and shortest routing delay, and at the same time

RENORMALIZED ENERGY EQUIDISTRIBUTION AND LOCAL CHARGE BALANCE IN 2D COULOMB SYSTEMS SIMONA ROTA of the "Coulomb renormalized energy" of Sandier-Serfaty, which corresponds to the total Coulomb interaction point charges with Coulomb pair interaction, in a con- fining potential (minimizers of this energy also

, Albuquerque : United States (2009)" #12;The paper is composed as follows: the different terms of the energy an experimental setup developed to locally estimate the terms of the energy balance associated with high cycle during HCF. An improved combined image processing was developed to obtain 2D patterns of energy balances

DOE’s Technical Assistance Program (TAP) supports the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program (EECBG) and the State Energy Program (SEP) by providing state, local, and tribal officials the tools and resources needed to implement successful and sustainable clean energy programs.

This report aims to provide an initial overview of the current local clean energy policy landscape to develop a better understanding of the current policy environment and identify areas for further research.

of Networking and Multimedia c Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan or levels of services based on the location information, supplied by localization systems. Much recent. In the context of localization system, the energy consumption of a mobile unit is proportional to the sampling

This presentation, given through the DOE's Technical Assitance Program (TAP), provides information on the Energy-Water Nexus: State and Local Roles in Efficiency & Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants.

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Increasing the energy efficiency of low- to moderate-income and minority-occupied households could significantly reduce energy consumption in the United States. Strategies to access these 'hard to reach' households, however, ...

In this paper we analytically compute the strength of nonlinear interactions in a triad, and the energy exchanges between wavenumber shells in incompressible fluid turbulence. The computation has been done using first-order perturbative field theory. In three dimension, magnitude of triad interactions is large for nonlocal triads, and small for local triads. However, the shell-to-shell energy transfer rate is found to be local and forward. This result is due to the fact that the nonlocal triads occupy much less Fourier space volume than the local ones. The analytical results on three-dimensional shell-to-shell energy transfer match with their numerical counterparts. In two-dimensional turbulence, the energy transfer rates to the near-by shells are forward, but to the distant shells are backward; the cumulative effect is an inverse cascade of energy.

An EnergyLocalization Principle and its Application to Fast Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109 Abstract Simulation of heteroepitaxial growth using kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) is often based on rates determined by differences in elastic energy between two configurations

In a recent analysis it was found that the local (z=0) rate at which gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) produce energy in 1 MeV photons, Q_GRB(z=0), is 300 times lower than the localenergy production rate in ultra-high energy cosmic-rays. This may appear to be in contradiction with earlier results, according to which Q_GRB(z=0) is similar to the localenergy production rate in >10^{19} eV cosmic-rays, Q_{10EeV}(z=0). This short (1 page) note identifies the origin of the apparent discrepancy and shows that Q_GRB(z=0) \\sim Q_{10EeV}(z=0) holds.

An Energy-aware Multi-start Local Search Heuristic for Scheduling VMs on the OpenNebula Cloud methods in order to consume less energy. In this paper, we present an Energy-aware Multi-start Local Terms--energy-aware scheduling, cloud distribution, cloud computing, resource allocation, Open

This paper presents a summary of building energy standards adoption by state and major local governments and how the standards apply to new commercial buildings. Numerous public and private sector agencies and organizations develop energy standards and codes for commercial buildings. These documents serve, among others, state and local legislators and regulators who are interested in requiring their use to reduce the energy consumption of new commercial buildings. Through adoption or adaptation of these documents by state or local governments, minimum acceptable design and construction criteria for new commercial buildings are established in law. The energy standard or code adopted, or used as a basis for a state developed standard, may be any one of a number of documents. The authority of the state to regulate construction may apply throughout the entire state, only to a few types of buildings, or may be absent, in which case local government has regulatory authority. The means of adoption may be by legislation, regulation, municipal code, or other legal vehicle. At the present time there are widespread differences in the energy standards adopted by state and local government and the application of these standards to new commercial buildings.

From the 'quasi-local' definition of horizons, e.g. isolated horizon and dynamical horizon, the consequence quasi-localenergy-momentum near horizons can be observed by using the idea of frame alignment. In particular, we find the horizon news function from the asymptotic expansion near horizons and use this to describe the gravitational flux and change of mass of a black hole.

In the model of flat expansive homogeneous and isotropic relativistic universe with total zero and local non-zero energy the gravitation energy of bodies and the elecromagnetic energy of charged bodies can be localised.

of the total primary energy use in 2100 - WEC scenarios. (82% - phasing out most fossil fuel and CO2 below 450 costs, taxes (local and import), subsidies and energy prices Technical Lack of access to the technology

A strong local form of the ``4/3-law'' in turbulent flow has been proved recently by Duchon and Robert for a triple moment of velocity increments averaged over both a bounded spacetime region and separation vector directions, and for energy dissipation averaged over the same spacetime region. Under precisely stated hypotheses, the two are proved to be proportional, by a constant 4/3, and to appear as a nonnegative defect measure in the localenergy balance of singular (distributional) solutions of the incompressible Euler equations. Here we prove that the energy defect measure can be represented also by a triple moment of purely longitudinal velocity increments and by a mixed moment with one longitudinal and two tranverse velocity increments. Thus, we prove that the traditional 4/5- and 4/15-laws of Kolmogorov hold in the same local sense as demonstrated for the 4/3-law by Duchon-Robert.

Reducing energy demand and/or increasing renewable energy generation from state and local clean energy initiatives—such as goals, standards, codes, funds, and programs—can generate many benefits, including: ••Security, diversity, and overall reliability improvements for the electric system. ••Improved environmental quality, human health, and quality of life. ••Positive economic gains through energy costs saved, avoided medical costs, higher disposable incomes, increased labor productivity, and more jobs. This brief is part of a series and focuses on environmental and human health benefits. State and local governments can analyze their clean energy initiatives using methods and tools described in EPA’s Assessing the

The small- and large-sphere limits of the quasi-localenergy recently proposed by Liu and Yau are carefully examined. It is shown that in the small-sphere limit, the non-vacuum limit of the Liu-Yau quasi-localenergy approaches the expected value \\frac{4\\pi}{3} r^3 T(e_0, e_0)$. Here, T is the energy-stress tensor of matter, e_0 \\in T_p M is unit time-like and future-directed at the point p located at the center of the small sphere of radius $r$ in the limit r \\to 0. In vacuum, however, the limiting value of the Liu-Yau quasi-localenergy contains the desired limit \\frac{r^5}{90} B(e_0, e_0, e_0, e_0), where B is the Bel-Robinson tensor, as well as an extra term. In the large-sphere limit at null infinity, for isolated gravitational sources, the Liu-Yau quasi-localenergy is shown to recover the Bondi mass and Bondi news flux, in space-times that are asymptotically empty and flat at null infinity. The physical validity of the Liu-Yau model in view of these results is discussed.

Vaidya metric as an integral part of the Expansive Nondecelerative Universe (ENU) model enables to localize the energy of gravitational field and, subsequently, to find a deep interrelationship between quantum mechanics and the general theory of relativity. In the present paper, stemming from the ENU model, ionisation energy and energy of hyperfine splitting of the hydrogen atom, energy of the elementary quantum of action, as well as the proton and electron mass are independently expressed through the mass of the planckton, Z and W bosons and fundamental constants.

Recently, we introduced [N. N. Lathiotakis, N. Helbig, A. Rubio, and N. I. Gidopoulos, Phys. Rev. A 90, 032511 (2014)] local reduced density matrix functional theory (local RDMFT), a theoretical scheme capable of incorporating static correlation effects in Kohn-Sham equations. Here, we apply local RDMFT to molecular systems of relatively large size, as a demonstration of its computational efficiency and its accuracy in predicting single-electron properties from the eigenvalue spectrum of the single-particle Hamiltonian with a local effective potential. We present encouraging results on the photoelectron spectrum of molecular systems and the relative stability of C{sub 20} isotopes. In addition, we propose a modelling of the fractional occupancies as functions of the orbital energies that further improves the efficiency of the method useful in applications to large systems and solids.

The recently constructed two dimensional Sen connection is applied in the problem of quasi-localenergy-momentum in general relativity. First it is shown that, because of one of the two 2 dimensional Sen--Witten identities, Penrose's quasi-local charge integral can be expressed as a Nester--Witten integral.Then, to find the appropriate spinor propagation laws to the Nester--Witten integral, all the possible first order linear differential operators that can be constructed only from the irreducible chiral parts of the Sen operator alone are determined and examined. It is only the holomorphy or anti-holomorphy operator that can define acceptable propagation laws. The 2 dimensional Sen connection thus naturally defines a quasi-localenergy-momentum, which is precisely that of Dougan and Mason. Then provided the dominant energy condition holds and the 2-sphere S is convex we show that the next statements are equivalent: i. the quasi-local mass (energy-momentum) associated with S is zero; ii.the Cauchy development $D(\\Sigma)$ is a pp-wave geometry with pure radiation ($D(\\Sigma)$ is flat), where $\\Sigma$ is a spacelike hypersurface whose boundary is S; iii. there exist a Sen--constant spinor field (two spinor fields) on S. Thus the pp-wave Cauchy developments can be characterized by the geometry of a two rather than a three dimensional submanifold.

To assist in global access to cutting-edge clean energy analysis tools, databases, and other resources, the U.S. government has established the U.S. OpenLabs Web site. OpenLabs provides access to a broad array of resources across the U.S. national laboratory network organized to answer specific technical needs and questions related to clean energy development and deployment.

The automotive industry has been pressed to satisfy more rigorous fuel efficiency requirements to promote energy conservation, safety features and cost containment. To satisfy this need, high strength steel has been developed and used for many different vehicle parts. The use of high strength steels, however, requires careful analysis and creativity in order to accommodate its relatively high springback behavior. An innovative method, called local warm forming with near infrared ray, has been developed to help promote the use of high strength steels in sheet metal forming. For this method, local regions of the work piece are heated using infrared ray energy, thereby promoting the reduction of springback behavior. In this research, a V-bend test is conducted with DP980. After springback, the bend angles for specimens without local heating are compared to those with local heating. Numerical analysis has been performed using the commercial program, DEFORM-2D. This analysis is carried out with the purpose of understanding how changes to the local stress distribution will affect the springback during the unloading process. The results between experimental and computational approaches are evaluated to assure the accuracy of the simulation. Subsequent numerical simulation studies are performed to explore best practices with respect to thermal boundary conditions, timing, and applicability to the production environment.

We discuss a possible form for a theory akin to local density functional theory, but able to produce van der Waals energies in a natural fashion. The usual Local Density Approximation (LDA) for the exchange and correlation energy $E_{xc}$ of an inhomogeneous electronic system can be derived by making a quasilocal approximation for the {\\it interacting} density-density response function $\\chi (\\vec{r},\\vec{r} ^{\\prime},\\omega)$, then using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and a Feynman coupling-constant integration to generate $E_{xc}$. The first new idea proposed here is to use the same approach except that one makes a quasilocal approximation for the {\\it bare} response $\\chi ^{0}$, rather than for $\\chi $. The interacting response is then obtained by solving a nonlocal screening integral equation in real space. If the nonlocal screening is done at the time-dependent Hartree level, then the resulting energy is an approximation to the full inhomogeneous RPA energy: we show here that the inhomogeneous RPA correlation energy contains a van der Waals term for the case of widely-separated neutral subsystems. The second new idea is to use a particularly simple way of introducing LDA-like local field corrrections into the screening equations, giving a theory which should remain reasonable for all separations of a pair of subsystems, encompassing both the van der Waals limit much as in RPA and the bonding limit much as in LDA theory.

Modelling Danish local CHP on market conditions 1 6th IAEE European Conference: Modelling in Energy Economics and Policy 2 - 3 September, ZĂĽrich, Switzerland Modelling Danish local CHP on market conditions, the development of local combined heat and power (CHP) plants has been characterised by large growth throughout

We argue that the physics of interacting Kelvin Waves (KWs) is highly non-trivial and cannot be understood on the basis of pure dimensional reasoning only. A consistent theory of KWs turbulence in superfluids should be based on explicit knowledge of the details of their interactions. To achieve this, we present a detailed calculation and comprehensive analysis of the interaction coefficients for KWs, thereby fixing previous mistakes stemming from unaccounted contributions. As a first application of this analysis, we show that the previously suggested Kozik-Svistunov energy spectrum of KWs, which has been often used for analysis of experimental and numerical data in superfluid turbulence, is irrelevant, because it is based on an erroneous assumption of the locality of the energy transfer through scales. We also demonstrate weak non-locality of the inverse cascade spectrum with a constant particle-number flux and find resulting logarithmic corrections to this spectrum.

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, weight, cost and diverse oper- ating conditions. It is widely recognized that battery energy is, perhaps of the system architecture, and the software has a key role to play in conserving the battery energy on mobile devices (PDAs, laptops, etc.) can be subject to very different operating conditions com- pared

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We propose a 4-dimensional Kaluza-Klein approach to general relativity in the (2,2)-splitting of space-time using the double null gauge. The associated Lagrangian is equivalent to the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian, since it yields the same field equations as the E-H Lagrangian does. It is describable as a (1+1)-dimensional Yang-Mills type gauge theory coupled to (1+1)-dimensional matter fields, where the minimal coupling associated with the diffeomorphism group of the 2-dimensional spacelike fibre space automatically appears. Written in the first-order formalism, our Lagrangian density directly yields a non-zero local Hamiltonian density, where the associated time function is the retarded time. From this Hamiltonian density, we obtain a positive-definite local gravitational energy density. In the asymptotically flat space-times, the volume integrals of the proposed local gravitational energy density over suitable 3-dimensional hypersurfaces correctly reproduce the Bondi and the ADM surface integral, at null and spatial infinity, respectively, supporting our proposal. We also obtain the Bondi mass-loss formula as a negative-definite flux integral of a bilinear in the gravitational currents at null infinity.

A city planner or a neighborhood activist may wish to initiate a local conservation and passive solar retrofit program but may not have previous experience in doing so. This sourcebook is designed to assist interested individuals with their energy planning efforts, from determining retrofit potential, to financing and implementing the program. An approach or methodology is provided which can be applied to determine retrofit potential in single-family residences, mobile homes, multifamily residences, and nonresidential buildings. Case studies in Albuquerque, New Mexico, are given as examples. Guidelines are provided for evaluating the economic benefits of a retrofit program through benefit-cost analysis and economic base studies at the city and neighborhood levels. Also included are approaches to community outreach, detailing how to get started, how to gain local support, and examples of successful programs throughout the US. The need for financing, the development of a local strategy, public and private financing techniques, and community energy service organizations are examined. In addition to the Albuquerque case studies, a brief technology characterization, heat-loss calculations, economic tools, and a list of resources are appended.

Reducing energy demand and increasing renewable energy generation from state and local clean energy initiatives—such as goals, standards, codes, funds, and programs—generate many benefits including: ••Security, diversity, and overall reliability improvements for the electric system. ••Improved environmental quality, human health, and quality of life. ••Increased economic prosperity. This brochure is part of a series and focuses on economic benefits. What are the economic benefits of clean energy? Clean energy initiatives, including those that advance energy efficiency, renewable energy and clean distributed generation can: ?Lower ? energy costs. ?Increase ? personal disposable income. ?Increase ? revenue for businesses. ?Increase ? income, employment, and output. ?Reduce ? fuel costs and new electric power plant construction costs. ?Reduce ? health care costs as a result of better air quality and public health. How do clean energy initiatives benefit the economy? ?Direct ? Economic Benefits: Companies that provide the equipment, technologies, and services needed to implement an initiative benefit from increased demand, which increases their revenue and their ability to hire more people. In the case of energy efficiency, consumers and companies both benefit by spending less money on electricity. ?Indirect ? Economic Benefits: Suppliers to clean energy equipment and service providers benefit as demand for their inputs and revenues increase. With higher demand, these suppliers may also hire more workers. ?Induced ? Economic Benefits: Income generated from the direct and indirect effects is spent in the regional economy, such as when employees use their paychecks to buy groceries, eat out, and entertain themselves, all of which support jobs in those sectors. What’s Inside: • Why assess the economic benefits of clean energy? • How can policy makers estimate the macroeconomic benefits of clean energy? • A Benefits Flash with quantitative examples of how clean energy initiatives result in economic, air quality, and public health benefits. • Where to go for more information. Direct economic benefits of a wind initiative could increase: • Sales of wind turbines. • Revenue of local turbine manufacturers.

Local Casimir Energies for a Thin Spherical Shell Inâ??es CaveroÂ­Pelâ??aez, # Kimball A. Milton of the energy density as the surface of the shell is approached is studied in both the strong and weak coupling light on the nature of surface divergences and on the energy contained within the shell, are obtained

, with hydro, wind and solar renewable power providing 50%, 25% and 7.5%, respectively, of the total renewable.mdpi.com/journal/energies Article Stochastic Modeling and Optimization in a Microgrid: A Survey Hao Liang * and Weihua Zhuang-contained microgrids, in addition to a large-scale electric power backbone. By utilizing microsources

with renewable energy could pro- vide part of the solution since most renewable technologies do not produce an increase in renewable capacity with incentives such as the federal production tax credit for wind power to 40% of generation coming from qualifying renewable resources (Database of State Incentives

This document is meant to assist state and local decision makers in understanding how the financing of energy savings performance contract projects can effectively fit into the structure of a revolving loan fund.

A method of a search for local sources of superhigh energy gamma rays is described in the paper.It is shown that the method is more effective then the usually used method extracting excess from total intensity if gamma ray burst durations are short.Using the suggested method,the information detected with the Baksan installation ``Carpet'' during 1992-1996 years was analyzed.An excess of event numbers was found at the confidence level of 6.5$\\sigma$ in the direction to Mrk 501.

We represent N-body Coulomb energy in a localized form to achieve massive parallelism. It is a well-known fact that Green's functions can be written as path integrals of field theory. Since two-body Coulomb potential is a Green's function of Poisson equations, it reduces to a path integral of free scalar field theory with three spatial dimensions. This means that N-body one also reduces to a path integral. We discretize real space with a cubic lattice and evaluate the obtained multiple integrals approximately with the Markov-chain Monte Carlo method.

More than 1.3 billion people in the world lack access to electricity and this energy poverty is a major barrier to human development. This paper describes a new concept of peer-to-peer electricity sharing which creates a ...

The zero energy community considered here consists of tens to tens-of-thousands of residences coupled to a central solar plant that produces all the community's electrical and thermal needs. A distribution network carries fluids to meet the heating and cooling loads. Large central solar systems can significantly reduce cost of energy vs. single family systems, and they enable economical seasonal heat storage. However, the thermal distribution system is costly. Conventional district heating/cooling systems use a water/glycol solution to deliver sensible energy. Piping is sized to meet the peak instantaneous load. A new district system introduced here differs in two key ways: (i) it continuously distributes a hot liquid desiccant (LD) solution to LD-based heating and cooling equipment in each home; and (ii) it uses central and local storage of both LD and heat to reduce flow rates to meet average loads. Results for piping sizes in conventional and LD thermal communities show that the LD zero energy community reduces distribution piping diameters meeting heating loads by {approx}5X and meeting cooling loads by {approx}8X for cooling, depending on climate.

Technical Assistance Project: Wind and Hydropower Program provides information to state and local officials regarding the U.S. Department of Energy's Technical Assistance Project (TAP). The TAP program provides access to wind energy experts at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories, including the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL).

Tidal power has been identified as one of the most potential commercial-scale renewable energy sources. Puget Sound, Washington, is a potential site to deploy tidal power generating devices. The risk of injury for killer whales needs to be managed before the deployment of these types of devices can be approved by regulating authorities. A passive acoustic system consisting of two star arrays, each with four hydrophones, was designed and implemented for the detection and localization of Southern Resident killer whales. Deployment of the passive acoustic system was conducted at Sequim Bay, Washington. A total of nine test locations were chosen, within a radius of 250 m around the star arrays, to test our localization approach. For the localization algorithm, a least square solver was applied to obtain a bearing location from each star array. The final source location was determined by the intersection of the bearings given by each of the two star arrays. Bearing and distance errors were obtained to conduct comparison between the calculated and true (from Global Positioning System) locations. The results indicated that bearing errors were within 1.04ş for eight of the test locations; one location had bearing errors slightly larger than expected due to the strong background noise at that position. For the distance errors, six of the test locations were within the range of 1.91 to 32.36 m. The other two test locations were near the intersection line between the centers of the two star arrays, which were expected to have large errors from the theoretical sensitivity analysis performed.

The paper describes the study that led to the development of a carbon dioxide emissions matrix for the Oeiras municipality, one of the largest Portuguese municipalities, located in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. This matrix takes into account the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to an increase of electricity demand in buildings as well as solid and liquid wastes treatment from the domestic and services sectors. Using emission factors that were calculated from the relationship between the electricity produced and amount of treated wastes, the GHC emissions in the Oeiras municipality were estimated for a time series of 6 yr (1998 - 2003). The obtained results showed that the electricity sector accounts for approximately 75% of the municipal emissions in 2003. This study was developed to obtain tools to base options and actions to be undertaken by local authorities such as energy planning and also public information. 11 refs., 12 tabs.

This fact sheet proposes a framework for how states and localities can build policy portfolios by first setting the stage for clean energy in the market with low cost policies, and then growing the market with successive policies until the need for financial incentives can be reduced and eventually eliminated.

The Science and Technology Facilities Council's (STFC) Hartree Centre has provided local SME ACAL Energy with the supercomputing capability they required to gain a better insight into their fuel cell technology, enabling them to solve a technical performance problem. Work with us The Science and Technology

This fact sheet proposes a framework for how states and localities can build policy portfolios by first setting the stage for clean energy in the market with low cost policies, and then growing the market with successive policies until the need for financial incentives can be reduced and eventually eliminated.

The purpose of the proposed directive is to replace the information contained in DOE N 206.4, "Personal Identity Verification," approved June 29, 2007, and to establish a DOE directive on Identity, Credential, and Access Management (ICAM). Implementation of ICAM will result in cost avoidance and cost savings allowing reinvestment in DOE mission related work.

This paper explores the application of contemporary land use planning principles in the Kingdom of Saudi Aramco, the world`s largest oil company, relative to Company-controlled land located in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom. The Eastern Province is the world`s most productive hydrocarbon resource. The Province has witnessed extraordinary industrialization over 25 years due to the exploitation of the oil resource. Saudi Aramco commissioned the planning study to set a course of action which fully considers the consequences such development may have on the social, economic and environmental characteristics of the metropolitan area. In addition to existing developed areas, the study area encompasses a unique desert environment including salts flats, native vegetation, habitat for migrating wildlife and extraordinary geologic formations overlying an important water resource. A Master Plan established a framework of land use, open space, transportation and infrastructure to guide the development of the region over the next 25 years. The Plan emphasizes the redevelopment of industrialized areas for other uses leveraging capital investment to improve quality of the built environment and establishes institutional mechanisms necessary to fully achieve implementation. The study is innovative because (1) a global energy company assumes a leadership role in stewarding its land resource, (2) incorporates contemporary land use planning techniques within a context where such planning is absent, (3) emphasizes redevelopment of industrialized areas, where historically development has simply been directed to the next available undeveloped site, and (4) applies the principles of sustainable land use planning by responding to cultural influences, strengthening local economies and preserving important natural assets. The study establishes a precendent for {open_quotes}corporate environmentalism{close_quotes}and offers a model approach to land use planning in the developing world.

, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, UniVersity of Western Australia, Australia ReceiVed: August 7, 2006 between Bond Length, Bond Critical Point Properties, LocalEnergy Densities, and Bonded Interactions G. V; In Final Form: December 6, 2006 Bond critical point and localenergy density properties together with net

We present a systematic study of the existence and stability of discrete breathers that are spatially localized in the bulk of a one-dimensional chain of compressed elastic beads that interact via Hertzian contact. The ...

The training objectives are: Describe the Local Emergency Squad's goals and responsibilities during the damage assessment process and relate its importance to the protection and recovery of plant personnel following an earthquake.

Adopted Energy Standards 1 Table of Contents Green Building Ordinance Summary page 2 Cost before the full California Energy Commission for approval. The Cupertino City Council approved a Green-alone energy ordinance? Green Building Ordinance that references third- party standards that include energy

China has set an ambitious goal of reducing its energy use per unit of GDP by 20% between 2006 and 2010. Since the industrial sector consumes about two-thirds of China's primary energy, many of the country's efforts are focused on improving the energy efficiency of this sector. Industrial energy audits have become an important part of China's efforts to improve its energy intensity. In China, industrial energy audits have been employed to help enterprises indentify energy-efficiency improvement opportunities for achieving the energy-saving targets. These audits also serve as a mean to collect critical energy-consuming information necessary for governments at different levels to supervise enterprises energy use and evaluate their energy performance. To better understand how energy audits are carried out in China as well as their impacts on achieving China's energy-saving target, researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) conducted an in-depth study that combines a review of China's national policies and guidelines on energy auditing and a series of discussions with a variety of Chinese institutions involved in energy audits. This report consists of four parts. First, it provides a historical overview of energy auditing in China over the past decades, describing how and why energy audits have been conducted during various periods. Next, the report reviews current energy auditing practices at both the national and regional levels. It then discusses some of the key issues related to energy audits conducted in China, which underscore the need for improvement. The report concludes with policy recommendations for China that draw upon international best practices and aim to remove barriers to maximizing the potential of energy audits.

The Vermont Biofuels initiative (VBI) is the Vermont Sustainable Jobs FundĂ˘Â?Â?s (VSJF) biomass-to-biofuels market development program. Vermont is a small state with a large petroleum dependency for transportation (18th in per capita petroleum consumption) and home heating (55% of all households use petroleum for heating). The VBI marks the first strategic effort to reduce VermontĂ˘Â?Â?s dependency on petroleum through the development of homegrown alternatives. As such, it supports the four key priorities of the U.S. Department of EnergyĂ˘Â?Â?s Multi-year Biomass Plan: 1.) Dramatically reduce dependence on foreign oil; 2.) Promote the use of diverse, domestic and sustainable energy resources; 3.) Reduce carbon emissions from energy production and consumption; 4.) Establish a domestic bioindustry. In 2005 VSJF was awarded with a $496,000 Congressionally directed award from U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy. This award was administered through the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG36- 05GO85017, hereafter referred to as DOE FY05) with $396,000 to be used by VSJF for biodiesel development and $100,000 to be used by the Vermont Department of Public Service for methane biodigester projects. The intent and strategic focus of the VBI is similar to another DOE funded organizationĂ˘Â?Â? the Biofuels Center of North CarolinaĂ˘Â?Â?in that it is a nonprofit driven, statewide biofuels market development effort. DOE FY05 funds were expensed from 2006 through 2008 for seven projects: 1) a feedstock production, logistics, and biomass conversion research project conducted by the University of Vermont Extension; 2) technical assistance in the form of a safety review and engineering study of State Line Biofuels existing biodiesel production facility; 3) technical assistance in the form of a safety review and engineering study of Borderview FarmĂ˘Â?Â?s proposed biodiesel production facility; 4) technology and infrastructure purchases for capacity expansion at Green Technologies, LLC, a waste vegetable biodiesel producer; 5) technical assistance in the form of feasibility studies for AgNorth Biopower LLCĂ˘Â?Â?s proposed multi-feedstock biodigester; 6) technology and infrastructure purchases for the construction of a Ă˘Â?Â?Cow PowerĂ˘Â?Âť biodigester at Gervais Family Farm; and 7) the education and outreach activities of the Vermont Biofuels Association. DOE FY05 funded research, technical assistance, and education and outreach activities have helped to provide Vermont farmers and entrepreneurs with important feedstock production, feedstock logistics, and biomass conversion information that did not exist prior as we work to develop an instate biodiesel sector. The efficacy of producing oilseed crops in New England is now established: Oilseed crops can grow well in Vermont, and good yields are achievable given improved harvesting equipment and techniques. DOE FY05 funds used for technology and infrastructure development have expanded VermontĂ˘Â?Â?s pool of renewable electricity and liquid fuel generation. It is now clear that on-farm energy production provides an opportunity for Vermont farmers and entrepreneurs to reduce on-farm expenditures of feed and fuel while providing for their energy security. Meanwhile they are developing new value-added revenue sources (e.g., locally produced livestock meal), retaining more dollars in the local economy, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The Energy Box is an always-on background processor automating the temporal management of one's home or small business electrical energy usage. Cost savings are achieved in a variety of environments, ranging from at pricing ...

's homes and buildings are responsible for 41% of the energy consumption in the European Union and control. This leads to unnecessary energy consumption. Especially in homes and buildings, energy can conditioning, etc.. Both home and building automation heavily rely on sensors and actuators that interchange

The ultimate electric and magnetic energy densities that can be attained by bandlimited electromagnetic pulses in free space are calculated using an ab initio quantized treatment, and the quantum states of electromagnetic fields that achieve the ultimate energy densities are derived. The ultimate energy densities also provide an experimentally accessible metric for the degree of localization of polychromatic photons.

of which require a comprehensive understanding of molecular dynamics. Generally, elementary chemical analysis, valid at low excitation energies, inaccurate. The molecular potential energy surfaces (PESs of vibrationally excited and reacting molecules. As found for general nonlinear dynamical systems with a few

established energy data monitoring and management system, orenergy-related measurements, reporting and analysis. Monitoring and Evaluation After the internal management and reporting systemsenergy- conservation evaluation of the central enterprises, and to supervise the establishment of energy-saving management, monitoring and evaluation systems

under the state's 2008 Building Energy Efficiency Standards after January 1, 2010. Gabel Associates has,582 sf Single family house: 2-story 2,025 sf Low-rise Multi-family building, 8 dwelling units: 2-story used in the case studies is based on a design process for buildings that meet or exceed the energy

This presentation given through the DOE's Technical Assitance Program (TAP) is part two in the series Partnering with Utilities:Advanced Topics for Local Governments in Creating Successful Partnerships with Utilities to Deliver Energy Efficiency Programs.

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Abstract: Providing access to and utilization of medication assisted treatment (MAT) for the treatment of opioid abuse and dependence provides an important opportunity to improve public health. Access to health services comprising MAT in the community is fundamental to achieve broad service coverage. The type and placement of the health services comprising MAT and integration with primary medical care including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, care and treatment services are optimal for addressing both substance abuse and co-occurring infectious diseases. As an HIV prevention intervention, integrated (same medical record for HIV services and MAT services) MAT with HIV prevention, care and treatment programs provides the best “one stop shopping ” approach for health service utilization. Alternatively, MAT, medical and HIV services can be separately managed but co-located to allow convenient utilization of primary care, MAT and HIV services. A third approach is coordinated care and treatment, where primary care, MAT and HIV services are provided at distinct locations and case managers, peer facilitators, or others promote direct service utilization at the various locations. Developing a continuum of care for patients with opioid dependence throughout

Water condensation on surfaces is a ubiquitous phase-change process that plays a crucial role in nature and across a range of industrial applications, including energy production, desalination, and environmental control. ...

A program was developed to coordinate governmental, research, utility, and business energy savings efforts, and to evaluate future potential actions, based on actual field data obtained during the implementation of Phase I of the State Resource Plan. This has lead to the establishment of a state conservation and energy efficiency fund for the purpose of establishing a DSM Program. By taking a state wide perspective on resource planning, additional savings, including environmental benefits, can be achieved through further conservation and demand management. This effort has already blossomed into a state directive for DSM programs for the natural gas industry.

A program was developed to coordinate governmental, research, utility, and business energy savings efforts, and to evaluate future potential actions, based on actual field data obtained during the implementation of Phase I of the State Resource Plan. This has lead to the establishment of a state conservation and energy efficiency fund for the purpose of establishing a DSM Program. By taking a state wide perspective on resource planning, additional savings, including environmental benefits, can be achieved through further conservation and demand management. This effort has already blossomed into a state directive for DSM programs for the natural gas industry.

Applying the background field method, we construct by explicit computation the leading-order nonlocal quantum correction to the on-shell effective action for $\\phi^3$ theory in six dimensions. We then use the resulting action to obtain the nonlocal correction to the energy-momentum tensor. At leading order, we find that this nonlocal correction modified the virial current when the scalar field is minimally coupled to gravity. On the contrary, it only corrects the traceless part of the energy-momentum tensor in the classically Weyl invariant case.

Washington State's geothermal potential is wide spread. Hot springs and five strato volcanoes existing throughout the Cascade Range, limited hot spring activity on the Olympic Peninsula, and broad reaching, low temperature geothermal resources found in the Columbia Basin comprise the extent of Washington's known geothermal resources. Determination of resource ownership is the first step in proceeding with geothermal exploration and development activities. The federal and state processes are examined from pre-lease activity through leasing and post-lease development concerns. Plans, permits, licenses, and other requirements are addressed for the federal, state, and local level. Lease, permit, and other forms for a number of geothermal exploration and development activities are included. A map of public lands and another displaying the measured geothermal resources throughout the state are provided.