Ātman (Hinduism)
ĀTMAN (/ˈɑːtmən/ ) is a
SanskritSanskrit word that means inner self or
soul . In
HinduHindu philosophy , especially in the
VedantaVedanta school of
HinduismHinduism , Ātman is the first principle , the true self of an
individual beyond identification with phenomena, the essence of an
individual. In order to attain liberation (moksha) , a human being
must acquire self-knowledge (atma jnana ), which is to realize that
one's true self (Ātman) is identical with the transcendent self
BrahmanBrahman . The six orthodox schools of
HinduismHinduism believe that there is Ātman
(soul, self) in every being, a major point of difference with Buddhism
, which does not believe that there is either soul or self
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Asteya
ASTEYA is the
Sanskrit term for "non-stealing". It is a virtue in
Jainism and
Hinduism .
Asteya is considered as one of five yamas in the Yoga school of
Hinduism, and as one of ten forms of temperance (virtuous
self-restraint) in Indian philosophy. The practice of asteya demands
that one must not steal, nor have the intent to steal another's
property through action, speech and thoughts. CONTENTS* 1
Hinduism * 1.1 Literature
* 1.2 Discussion
* 1.3 Related concepts * 2
Jainism
* 3 Difference between
Asteya and
Aparigraha
* 4 References
* 5 Sources HINDUISM
Hinduism LITERATURE
Asteya is defined in Hindu scripts as "the abstinence, in one's deeds
or words or thoughts, from unauthorized appropriation of things of
value from another human being"
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Kama
KAMA (
SanskritSanskrit ,
PaliPali ;
Devanagari : काम) means "desire, wish,
longing" in Indian literature.
KamaKama often connotes sexual desire and
longing in contemporary literature, but the concept more broadly
refers to any desire, wish, passion, longing, pleasure of the senses ,
the aesthetic enjoyment of life, affection, or love, with or without
sexual connotations.
KamaKama is one of the four goals of human life in Hindu traditions. It
is considered an essential and healthy goal of human life when pursued
without sacrificing the other three goals:
DharmaDharma (virtuous, proper,
moral life),
ArthaArtha (material prosperity, income security, means of
life) and
Moksha (liberation, release, self-actualization).
Together, these four aims of life are called
Puruṣārtha[...More...]

Ārjava
ĀRJAVA (Sanskrit: आर्जव) literally means sincerity,
straightness and non-hypocrisy. It is one of the ten
Yamas in
ancient Hindu and Jaina texts. CONTENTS * 1 Definition
* 2 Literature
* 3 See also
* 4 References DEFINITIONĀrjava means straightness, sincerity and harmony in one’s thought,
words and actions towards oneself and towards others. Kane translates
arjava as straightforwardness. It is explained in ancient Indian
texts as “self-restraint from hypocrisy", and "the absence of
hypocrisy”. It is included as one of several ethical virtuous
restraints in an individual's path to spirituality. The Maharashtrian
poet Vāmana in Avigita, at xvi.1, posits arjava is a form of honesty
and purity in a person, and an essential virtue so that one may treat
everyone equally, whether that other is one’s child, wife, relative,
friend, a stranger, someone hostile or oneself without any
discrimination
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Mitahara
MITAHARA (Sanskrit: मिताहार, Mitāhāra) literally
means the habit of moderate food.
Mitahara is also a concept in
Indian philosophy, particularly
Yoga , that integrates awareness about
food, drink, balanced diet and consumption habits and its effect on
one’s body and mind. It is one of the ten yamas in ancient Indian
texts. CONTENTS * 1 Definition * 2 Literature * 2.1 The virtue of mitahara
* 2.2 Dietectics and mitahara * 3 Related concepts
* 4 See also
* 5 References DEFINITION
Mitahara is a Sanskrit combination word, from Mita (मित,
moderate) and Ahara (आहार, taking food, diet), which
together mean moderate diet. In
Yoga and other ancient texts, it
represents a concept linking nutrition to the health of one’s body
and mind
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Shaucha
SHAUCHA (Sanskrit: शौच, also spelled Saucha, Śauca) literally
means purity, cleanliness and clearness. It refers to purity of mind,
speech and body. Saucha is one of the
Niyamas of
Yoga . It is
discussed in many ancient Indian texts such as the
Mahabharata and
Patanjali\'s
Yoga Sutras . It is a virtue in
Hinduism and Jainism. Saucha includes outer purity of body as well as inner purity of mind.
The concept of Saucha is synonymous with Shuddhi
(शुद्धि). LePage states that Saucha in yoga is on many
levels, and deepens as an understanding and evolution of self
increases. Shaucha, or holistic purity of the body, is considered essential for
health, happiness and general well-being. External purity is achieved
through daily ablutions, while internal purity is cultivated through
physical exercises, including asana (postures) and pranayama
(breathing techniques)
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Vishishtadvaita
VISHISHTADVAITA (
IASTIAST Viśiṣṭādvaita ; Sanskrit :
विशिष्टाद्वैत) is one of the most popular
schools of the
VedantaVedanta school of
Hindu philosophyHindu philosophy .
VedantaVedanta literally
means the end of the
VedasVedas . VishishtAdvaita (literally "Advaita with
uniqueness; qualifications") is a non-dualistic school of Vedanta
philosophy. It is non-dualism of the qualified whole, in which Brahman
alone exists, but is characterized by multiplicity. It can be
described as qualified monism or qualified non-dualism or attributive
monism . It is a school of
VedantaVedanta philosophy which believes in all
diversity subsuming to an underlying unity
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Purusharthas
PURUṣāRTHA ( /pʊrʊʃɑːrθ/ , Sanskrit
पुरुषार्थ) literally means an "object of human
pursuit". It is a key concept in Hinduism, and refers to the four
proper goals or aims of a human life. The four puruṣārthas are
DharmaDharma (righteousness, moral values),
ArthaArtha (prosperity, economic
values),
KamaKama (pleasure, love, psychological values) and Moksha
(liberation, spiritual values). All four Purusarthas are important, but in cases of conflict, Dharma
is considered more important than
ArthaArtha or
KamaKama in
HinduHindu philosophy.
MokshaMoksha is considered the ultimate ideal of human life
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Tapas (Sanskrit)
TAPAS is a
SanskritSanskrit word that means "to heat". It also connotes
certain spiritual practices in Indian religions. In
JainismJainism , it
refers to asceticism (austerities, body mortification); in Buddhism
to spiritual practices including meditation and self-discipline; and
in the different traditions within
HinduismHinduism it refers to a spectrum of
practices ranging from asceticism, inner cleansing to self-discipline.
The Tapas practice often involves solitude, and is a part of
monastic practices that are believed to be a means to moksha
(liberation, salvation)
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God In Hinduism
The concept of GOD IN HINDUISM varies in its diverse traditions.
HinduismHinduism spans a wide range of beliefs such as henotheism , monotheism
, polytheism , panentheism , pantheism , pandeism , monism , atheism
and nontheism . Forms of theism find mention in the
Bhagavad Gita . Emotional or
loving devotion (bhakti) to a primary god such as avatars of Vishnu
(
KrishnaKrishna for example),
ShivaShiva and
DeviDevi emerged in the early medieval
period, and is now known as
Bhakti movement . Other Hindus consider
atman within every living being to be same as
Vishnu or
ShivaShiva or Devi,
or alternatively identical to the eternal metaphysical Absolute
called (
Brahman ) in Hinduism
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Karma
KARMA (/ˈkɑːrmə/ ; Sanskrit : कर्म, translit. karma, IPA:
( listen ); Pali : kamma) means action, work or deed; it also
refers to the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and
actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that
individual (effect). Good intent and good deed contribute to good
karma and future happiness, while bad intent and bad deed contribute
to bad karma and future suffering.
KarmaKarma is closely associated with
the idea of rebirth in many schools of
Indian religions . In these
schools, karma in the present affects one's future in the current
life, as well as the nature and quality of future lives - one's
saṃsāra . With origins in ancient India, karma is a key concept in Hinduism ,
BuddhismBuddhism ,
JainismJainism ,
Sikhism , and
Taoism[...More...]

Jnana Yoga
JñāNA YOGA, also known as JNANAMARGA, is one of the several
spiritual paths in
Hinduism that emphasizes the "path of knowledge",
also known as the "path of self-realization". It is one of the three
classical paths (margas ) for moksha (salvation, liberation). The
other two are karma yoga (path of action, karmamarga) and bhakti yoga
(path of loving devotion to a personal god, bhaktimarga). Later,
new movements within
Hinduism added raja yoga as the fourth spiritual
path, but this is not universally accepted as distinct to other three.
The jnana yoga is a spiritual practice that pursues knowledge with
questions such as "who am I, what am I" among others. The
practitioner studies usually with the aid of a counsellor (guru ),
meditates, reflects, and reaches liberating insights on the nature of
his own Self (Atman, soul) and its relationship to the metaphysical
concept called
Brahman in Hinduism
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