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Maslow’s Theory of Motivation

Abraham
Maslow was a foremost Psychologist. He developed a theory (Human Needs) in
which he identified seven vital human needs according to level of urgency or
exigency.

These needs according to the Maslow are:

1.Physiological
Needs:

These
are the biological or survival needs of man. They are the most basic needs that
control the other needs. Until these needs are fulfilled or satisfied, man will
not be able to go to the next level. Examples of these needs are the desire to
eat food when hungry, drink water when thirsty or the need for rest, sex, air
or to excrete unwanted materials from the body systems. After these survivals
needs have been adequately taken care, they become less important and one moves
to the next which is the desire for security and safety.

2.Safety
and Security Needs:

Human beings require safety and protection
from danger or external aggressors. After one has successfully dealt with
physiological needs, it is desirable to cater for psychological needs. At this
point, Man will be thinking of where to live and efforts will be made to keep
him/herself from impending dangers, threats or hazards. The hallmark of these
needs is the quest by an individual to seek for conducive or peaceful abode.
For example, the desire of war victims to migrate from their original country
to become refugees in another country is the need for safety and security.
Also, a chicken that quickly hibernates under its mother on sighting an eagle
did so because of its desire for safety.

3.Love
and Belongingness Needs:

This involves the aspiration of man to
establish a cordial relationship with others. It is the need of man to love and
be loved. At this level of need, people will like to extend their hands of
fellowship or comradeship to their friends, mates, co-workers or neighbours.
They equally will expect that such gestures be reciprocated by others. Onyehalu
(1988) believes that this need is manifested in our affiliations and
friendships.

4.Achievement
Needs:

Achievement needs are divided into two. These
are the need to achieve success and the need to avoid failure or setback. The
need to attain success or freedom drives man to go extra miles. This need
motivates an individual to emit a behaviour that will make him/her command
respect from others.

5.Self-Esteem
Needs:

These are the things we desire in order that
our ego will be boosted. After the individual has been accorded respect or
recognition by others, the next thing for him/her is to start seeking for the
things that will make him/her enjoy considerable influence from others. The
ability of someone to fulfil this condition makes him/her feel superior and
self-confident. Inability to fulfil this need, makes a person feel dejected or
inferior.

6.Aesthetic
Needs:

These needs include the desire of people to
pursue or admire beautiful things; their desire for beautiful and expensive
cars, houses, materials, gorgeous and expensive dresses and beautiful
surroundings with well trimmed and maintained flowers.

7.Self-Actualization
Needs:

When a person has successfully achieved or
gained the most basic needs or wants, then such an individual will want to get
a rare opportunity. It is the time when a person will like to distinguish
him/herself, by seeking for power or extra-ordinary achievement. At this point
person is said to have reached the peak of his potentials.