Exhibits destructive autoimmune pancreatic insulitis as early as four weeks of age

Insulin-dependent diabetes is found in some females beginning at three months of age and in approximately 50% of females and approximately 15% of males by six months of age

Origin:

The NOD inbred model was developed by intercrossing ICR mice. The mice were inbred twenty generations by Makino. Taconic received stock in 1985. The mice were derived by hysterectomy. The Taconic foundation colony was at F76 in 2005.

Availability:

This model is not available to deliver at greater than 9 weeks of age for welfare reasons.

For some applications, weight may be critical. For orders where weight is critical, please place orders by weight, not by age. Taconic can routinely accept orders by weight for this model for females only. Please inquire for male options if weight is critical for your experiment. A minimum 3 gram span is required. All weights are weights at time of packing. Mice and rats can lose weight in transit. Orders for specific weight spans will be assessed a nominal fee. More detail on weight order policies is available.

n= 150 per sex at MPF, health standard from all global colonies. Data collected 2012-15.
High and Low represent mean +/- 2 standard deviations. Based on sample size the charts above represents ~90% of the population.
All growth curves represent animals housed in our barriers, at our standard density and fed NIH31-M diet. Variations at customer facilities will alter expected growth curves.
Growth charts are provided only as a guide, if a specific weight criteria is needed please order animals by weight.

Customize this chart by clicking the legend elements, then explore download options by hovering your cursor over the down arrow to the right of the chart title.

Diabetes onset in the 2017 Murine Pathogen Free™ (MPF™) colony was later (in females) and incidence was lower (males and females) compared to prior years. Taconic has replaced the MPF™ colony with an Excluded Flora (EF) production colony. Initial assessments of the EF colony indicate the phenotype is improved.

NOD Physiological Data Summary (July 2004; N=10/group):

Parameter

Units

NOD Males

NOD Females

Serum Chemistry

Avg ± S.D.

Calcium

mg/dL

10.6 ± 0.6

11.1 ± 0.3

Phosphorous

mg/dL

11.8 ± 2.0

10.2 ± 3.6

Glucose

mg/dL

116 ± 18

88 ± 17

Creatinine

mg/dL

0.1 ± 0.0

0.1 ± 0.1

BUN

mg/dL

22 ± 2

17 ± 6

Total Bilirubin

mg/dL

0.2 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.0

ALK

U/L

180 ± 11

184 ± 21

ALT U/L

U/L

67 ± 63

44 ± 11

Total Protein

g/dL

6.1 ± 0.6

6.2 ± 0.1

Blood Counts

Erythron

Red Blood Cells

X10^6/uL

8.54 ± 0.575

8.955 ± 0.476

Nucleated RBC

X10^6/uL

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

Hemoglobin

g/dL

15.2 ± 0.5

15.1 ± 0.7

Hematocrit

%

46.7 ± 3.5

46.2 ± 2.5

MCV

fL

55 ± 1

52 ± 0

MCH

pG

17.8 ± 1.0

16.9 ± 0.2

MCHC

%

32.7 ± 2.1

32.7 ± 0.4

Platelets

Platelets

X10^3/uL

1165 ± 334

1127 ± 291

Leukogram

White Blood Cells

x10^3/uL

3.654 ± 0.875

5.438 ± 1.234

Neutrophil

x10^3/uL

1.211 ± 0.326

2.011 ± 0.872

Bands

x10^3/uL

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

Lymphocyte

x10^3/uL

2.400 ± 0.999

3.380 ± 1.139

Monocytes

x10^3/uL

0.039 ± 0.068

0.016 ± 0.030

Eosinophil

x10^3/uL

0.003 ± 0.010

0.031 ± 0.063

Basophils

x10^3/uL

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

Others

x10^3/uL

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

Organ Weights

Stomach

g

0.275 ± 0.016

0.257 ± 0.025

Ileum

g

0.791 ± 0.062

0.799 ± 0.098

Colon

g

0.206 ± 0.042

0.192 ± 0.050

Lungs

g

0.228 ± 0.024

0.226 ± 0.025

Heart

g

0.174 ± 0.032

0.136 ± 0.017

Liver

g

1.139 ± 0.072

0.955 ± 0.076

Spleen/Pancreas

g

0.228 ± 0.032

0.193 ± 0.027

Kidney (L)

g

0.204 ± 0.017

0.137 ± 0.011

Kidney (R)

g

0.204 ± 0.017

0.138 ± 0.013

Testes (L)

g

0.103 ± 0.008

-

Testes (R)

g

0.189 ± 0.268

-

Ovary (L)

g

-

0.020 ± 0.008

Ovary (R)

g

-

0.021 ± 0.012

Urinalysis

Glucose

mg/dL

Negative

Negative

Blood

-

Negative

Negative

PH

-

6.85 ± 0.41

6.45 ± 0.16

Protein

mg/dL

Negative

Negative

Specific Gravity

-

1.01 ± 0.01

1.02 ± 0.00

Phenotyping Procedures:

Animal Receipt and Maintenance

A quantity of twenty mice (ten males and ten females) was submitted for testing, strain identified as Line NOD (NOD/MrkTac), age 7 weeks. Mice were received at RBU 3, Taconic Biotechnology, Albany NY and acclimated for three days on irradiated NIH31 diet and sterilized water ad lib, sterile contact bedding (paper chip) and a 12:12 light:dark cycle. All animals appeared normal during this period and routine health surveillance of this colony detected no microbial pathogens. Mice were assigned study unique identification numbers (males 1-10, females 11-20).

Urinalysis

All mice were fasted in metabolic cages and an overnight urine sample was collected. Urine analysis was performed using Multistix 10 SG (Bayer). Strips were read and recorded as per the manufacturer's instructions, and the results are presented in Table 2.

Clinical Chemistry and Hematology

A terminal blood sample was taken from Carbon Dioxide - anesthetized mice via cardiac puncture. The collected blood was divided into two samples. One sample was treated with EDTA and stored at 4°C for hematological evaluation. Another sample was allowed to clot at 4°C for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged at 7000rpm for 10 minutes, and the serum was decanted and frozen at -80°C for clinical chemistry analysis. A slide smear was made from a single drop of whole blood. Frozen serum, chilled whole blood and slides were delivered to LabCorp (RTP, NC) for analysis; the results are presented in Table 3. Unless otherwise indicated, serum chemistry data is generated from a Hitachi 717 automated analyzer and hematological data is generated from a Celldyne 3500. WBC differential counts are performed manually.

Necropsy and Organ Weights

All mice were euthanized and bodyweights were recorded. Representative tissues were collected, weighed, and immersion fixed in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin. Tissues were delivered to the Taconic lab for histological preparation and evaluation. Tabulation of organ weights is presented in Table 4. The pathologist's summary and detailed histological descriptions follow.

Discussion

All animals were thrifty on arrival and appeared clinically normal. Locomotor behavior was normal and there were no visible lesions or discharges at the mucous membranes. All tissues appeared normal on gross necropsy evaluation and weights were within normal limits. There were no unusual findings upon collection of these tissues nor otherwise observed in the body cavities.

The overall profile of these mice is consistent with expectations of a general-purpose mouse. None of the parameters are indicative of impaired system function.