D. General pathology

Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, comprise part of the epigenetic machinery leading to abnormal gene expression and chromatin instability in disease. Epigenetic changes, particularly in human cancers, are now being considered as novel biological markers for diagnostic and therapeutic utility.
See also
epigenetics
biomarkers

Heat stroke is associated with high ambient temperatures and high humidity. Thermoregulatory mechanisms fail, sweating ceases, and core body temperature rises. Body temperatures of 112° to 113°F have been recorded in some terminal cases. Clinically, a rectal temperature of 106°F or higher is considered a grave prognostic sign, and the mortality rate for such patients exceeds 50%.
The underlying mechanism is marked generalized peripheral vasodilation with peripheral pooling of blood and a (...)

The problems of undernutrition and overnutrition, as well as specific nutrient deficiencies, have been discussed; however, the composition of the diet, even in the absence of any of these problems, may make a significant contribution to the causation and progression of a number of diseases. A few examples suffice here.
Currently one of the most important and controversial issues is the contribution of diet to atherogenesis. The central question is, Can dietary modification prevent or (...)

Blast Injury a violent increase in pressure either in the atmosphere (air blast) or in water (immersion blast). With air blast, the compression wave impinges on the side toward the explosion and so may collapse the thorax or violently compress the abdomen, with rupture of internal organs. The pressure wave may enter the airways and damage the alveoli. The following wave of decreased pressure, with its sudden expansion of the abdomen and thorax, may rupture the intestines or lungs. In (...)

Prolonged exposure to low ambient temperature leads to hypothermia, a condition seen all too frequently in homeless persons. Lowering of body temperature is hastened by high humidity in cold, wet clothing and dilation of superficial blood vessels as a result of the ingestion of alcohol. At about 90°F, loss of consciousness occurs, followed by bradycardia and atrial fibrillation at lower core temperatures.
Local Reactions.
Chilling or freezing of cells and tissues causes injury in two ways: (...)

Hyperthermia, in its advanced state referred to as heat stroke or sunstroke, is an acute condition which occurs when the body produces or absorbs more heat than it can dissipate. It is usually caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
The heat-regulating mechanisms of the body eventually become overwhelmed and unable to effectively deal with the heat, causing the body temperature to climb uncontrollably. Hyperthermia is a medical emergency which requires immediate treatment. (...)

WP
Definition: Environmental diseases are diseases that can be directly attributed to environmental factors (as distinct from genetic factors or infections ).
Apart from the true genetic monogenic diseases, environmental diseases may determine the development of disease in those genetically predisposed to a particular condition.
Agents
diet
toxins
radiations
chemicals
If a disease process is concluded to be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factor (...)

Accidents, illness, and premature deaths threaten the health of 130 million workers in the United States. Occupational health risks are even greater in developing countries, where children and women constitute a larger proportion of the work force. In the United States, the annual rate of occupational injuries is 7400 per 100,000 workers.
The overall fatality rate is 4.8 per 100,000 workers; the highest rates occur in the mining, agricultural, construction, transportation, and public (...)