San Miniato

"San Miniato" in Tuscany, Italy 2018

"San Miniato" is located in the lower Arno valley, on the
south-eastern hills dominating the river plains, halfway between Pisa and Florence, in Tuscany,
Italy.
The mediaeval village of San Miniato is in the centre of Tuscany and it preserves an historic
centre set on the hill top with the Cathedral, the Episcopal Palace, the Municipal Palace and the Tower Fortress dominating all the surrounding Arno, Era and Egola valleys.

San
Miniato was historically known as "San Miniato al Tedesco"
to distinguish it from San Miniato al Monte, famous for its exquisite church and located
just above the Piazzale Michelangelo in Florence, Italy.

San
Miniato is the centre of a white truffle zone
and host of an excellent truffle festival.

History
of San Miniato

The municipal territory of San Miniato, situated in the Lower Valdarno,
covers 102 sq km on the heights dominating the plain of the Arno between the
valley of the Egola and the
Val
d'Elsa.

San Miniato is an extremely ancient settlement, as is demonstrated by the discovery of
prehistoric artifacts in the area. San Miniato's importance in the
Mediaeval period
was above all
due its position at the meeting point of the rivers Arno and Elsa, and
of the road from Pisa to Firenze and the
Via
Francigena. Its origins seem tied to a village developed around a chapel founded in the
8 C and given in yearly lease in 938 to a noble from
Lucca. It was already highly populated and surrounded by a moat in 999,
and it was
fortified in the XII C. In 1178 and 1185, Federick Barbarossa stayed
here. As
a Ghibelline municipality with a certain autonomy, San Miniato received numerous privileges from Emperor
Federick II, who stayed there in 1226 and initiated an urban restructuring
that was largely for military purposes. At the same time, he made it the Seat of an Imperial Vicar
who was be forced to abandon Tuscany in 1284 after the defeat of Pisa,
his most important protector, at Meloria.

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In 1291, San Miniato was united to the
Guelph league headed by Florence, fighting with them in 1307 against Arezzo and the
exiled
Ghibellines. San Miniato was the scene of the territorial battles and devastation for all of the XIV
C. In 1313 alone, it lost various territories that rebelled against its dominion or
were conquered by Pisa. These territories re-entered its possession in 1317
as a result of the peace treaty concluded within its walls between the
Tuscan communities, even though the controversies continued until the
treaty of Montopoli in 1329. In 1347, it was placed under the direct dominion of
Florence against whom it rebelled in 1367 on the instigation of Pisa. After a long siege, it was reconquered in 1370 by the
Florentines who substituted the Nickname “al Tedesco” with that of “Fiorentino”.
San Miniato was elected Seat of the Vicarate of the Valdarno Inferiore
and remained from then on under the authority of Florence.

In 1622, San Miniato obtained an Episcopal seat and title of City. A stay by
Napoleon in 1797 persuaded many to enroll in the "Revolutionary" army. After an uncertain participation in the movement of ’48,
San Miniato manifested support of Leopold II, soliciting at the same time the enactment of the constitution. Nevertheless, numerous
individuals from San Miniato participated in the war of independence in 1859. From 1929, San Miniato
developed a discreet, clandestine antifascist organisation and during the resistance formed a partisan brigade. Among its illustrious sons are Francesco I Sforza (1401-1466), the artist Ludovico Cardi called Il Cigoli (1559-1613),
the architect Antonio Piccolini (1772-1850) and the philosopher Augusto Conti (1822-1905).
.

Things to see in San Miniato

The Tower, on the summit of the hill at an altitude of 192 metres, dominates
the entire Valdarno. This tower was established in the 1200s but destroyed by the
bombs during the last war. It was reconstructed in 1958. It is called “di Federico” because Federico II had it built.

Palazzo dei Vicari, Otho I had it constructed in the XII century,
incorporating one of the oldest known crenelated towers. The interior has frescoes.

The Cathedral, named for Assunta and S. Genesio, it is a vast building
that has been remodelled many times. The Matilde Tower, the most ancient tower of the fortified
complex, is the bell tower of the cathedral. The triple nave, Latin cross interior of the Cathedral preserves precious works of art from diverse
eras.

Diocese Museum of Sacred Art, where the works of Filippo Lippi, Neri di Bicci, Fra
Barlomeo and other artists are on show.

S. Domenico, a church with an incomplete façade, of extremely ancient establishment, was constructed in the
1300s. Among other important works is a terracotta by Luca della Robbia.