Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Definition

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic endocrine disorder in women. With PCOS, the ovaries make follicles, but the follicles do not mature and release a mature egg each month as they should. The immature follicles can turn into fluid-filled sacs called
cysts.

Causes

The cause is not exactly known. Genes may play a role. The problem appears related to insulin resistance that creates high levels of insulin. These high insulin levels cause too much androgen to be made by the ovaries. More androgen than normal can increase the presence of some masculine features. It also prevents ovulation and leads to enlarged, polycystic ovaries. Other features may include:

Hormonal Therapy

Birth control pills
regulate periods. Also, by causing the uterine lining to shed regularly, they reduce the risk of overgrowth or cancer. They also control abnormal hair growth and acne by suppressing androgen. Fertility drugs may be given to stimulate ovulation when a woman with PCOS is ready to become pregnant.

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent PCOS.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

Polycystic ovary syndrome. American Academy of Family Physicians Family Doctor website. Available at:
http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/polycystic-ovary-syndrome.html. Updated April 2014. Accessed June 6, 2016.