Self fulfilling prophecy - Rosenthal & Jacobson found negative labelling led to failure.Teahcer makes a judgement then acts accordingly then of which the pupil internalises it.

Streaming -schools group students together by ability for all subjects. Keddie - says that limits a puils working success. Gillborn & Youdell - argue that the pressure on schools to improve their league table position is the cause of this A*-C economy.