Living without any or limited access to energy has been termed “energy poverty”—a simple name for a complex problem. Energy poverty has proven challenging to alleviate; it’s also been difficult to define. The World Bank’s Global Tracking Framework (GTF) is the world’s premier approach to tracking energy poverty. According to the GTF, about 1.2 billion people are living without household electricity and 2.8 billion without clean cooking and heating fuels.1 Those living in energy poverty are overwhelmingly rural, about 80%, and live primarily in two areas: Sub-Saharan Africa and developing regions in Asia. Efforts to reduce energy poverty have not demonstrated widespread success, although there has been some notable progress, namely in China.