Miscarriage

Definition

Miscarriage refers to the premature end of a pregnancy before the developing baby is able to survive outside the uterus. Miscarriage can occur during the first or second trimester, before 20 weeks. Most occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. They often are unexpected and isolated events. About 15%-20% of recognized pregnancies end this way.

Symptoms

Miscarriage may cause:

Vaginal bleeding

Pink or brown discharge

Cramping

Passing the fetus, placenta, and surrounding membranes through the vagina

Fever

Recurrent Miscarriage

While miscarriage usually is a one-time occurrence, up to 1 in 20 couples experience two miscarriages in a row, and 1 in 100 have three or more.
In some cases, these couples have an underlying problem. Couples who have experienced two or more miscarriages should have a complete medical evaluation to learn the cause and how they can prevent another one from occurring.

Cause of repeat miscarriages may include:

Chromosome problem in one member of the couple

Uterine abnormalities

Hormone problems

Immune system problems

Unknown causes

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms, the length of your pregnancy, and when you first noticed a change in your condition. The doctor will perform physical and pelvic exams.

Treatment

Immediate care usually involves observation only, especially in early or first trimester miscarriages. Medication may be indicated in the event of heavy bleeding or cramping.

A dilation and evacuation (D&E) may be needed if uterine contents are not spontaneously passed through the vagina. During a D&E, the doctor dilates the cervix, inserts a tool into the uterus, and suctions out remaining material.

Support Services

To help you deal with your loss, the doctor may refer you to a counselor. You may also benefit from participating in a
support group
.

Prevention

Before you start to plan your next pregnancy consider the following regarding your health:

Is your diet ready to support another pregnancy?

Are there habits you should change prior to another pregnancy?

What medications are you taking and will they affect a pregnancy?

How is your health?

Are there issues you should resolve before trying another pregnancy?

If a specific cause of the miscarriage was found, certain treatments may help prevent future miscarriages. Treatments may include:

Medications such as

Antibiotics to treat related infections

Hormone (progesterone) supplements

Aspirin and other medications to treat blood-clotting problems

Surgery for uterine problems such as:

Uterine fibroids

Septate uterus (tissue in the center of the uterus)

Incompetent (weakened) cervix

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.