About Shmoop

How We Cite Our Sources

Shmoop content is written primarily by Ph.D. and Masters students from top universities,
including Stanford, Harvard, U.C. Berkeley, and Yale. We base our work on credible academic
sources and we cite our sources.

In Shmoop US History, Civics, and Biography, we use Chicago style citations to document our sources. We offer a bibliography for each learning module under the "Citations" tab.

In Shmoop Literature, Bestsellers, and Poetry, we use in-line citations with links to carefully screened sources.