Normal life in the West will be put on hold today as the biggest one-day strike in a generation affects everything from school lessons and hospital appointments to driving tests and rubbish collections.

Tens of thousands of public sector workers across the region will be walking out in protest at changes to pensions, and with the Government’s announcement of a pay rise cap further angering public workers yesterday, more strikes like today’s seem increasingly likely in the months to come.

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A previous teacher strike in 2008

The biggest effect of the strike will be felt by parents, as hundreds of schools across the region close for the day. The total number of schools closing was still being assessed last night, with some headteachers left in the dark over whether their staff would strike or not.

But yesterday, more than three-quarters of secondary schools and the vast majority of primary schools had already told parents they would be closed for the day, and all the others had warned of partial closures. In some parts of the West, special ‘strike clubs’ have been set up for the day in leisure centres, but for tens of thousands of parents the strike will mean emergency childcare or taking the day off work themselves.

Ambulance chiefs warned people dialling 999 for emergency medical care to think twice, and only call if it is ‘a life-threatening injury or serious medical emergency’ throughout the day.The Great Western Ambulance Service tried to reassure people that the 999 service would be ‘safe and effective’, but warned there could be problems as its staff decide whether or not to strike.

“GWAS is also urging those with less serious clinical conditions to seek the help they need elsewhere, rather than calling 999,” said interim chief executive Ken Wenman. “Our staff are passionate about patient care, but also feel strongly for their pensions.”

With more different unions than ever before joining the one-day strike action, disruption could happen in any aspect of public service. In law and order, police community support officers could strike along with police civilian workers, but police officers themselves can not strike.Court officials and prison officers are also stepping out on strike, which could disrupt court hearings, people trying to access services at places like Job Centres could be hit, while people taking their driving tests today have been told to turn up as usual, but warned their test might be cancelled when they get there.....read more

• Disruption across UK as many services come to virtual halt
• Airports, schools, rail services and hospitals affected
• Reform of public sector pensions is at heart of dispute

Strikers outside Birmingham Women's hospital at midnight as public sector unions begin action across the UK to oppose pension cuts. Photograph: David Jones/PA

The UK is experiencing the worst disruption to services in decades on Wednesday as more than 2 million public sector workers stage a nationwide strike, closing schools and bringing councils and hospitals to a virtual standstill.

The strike by more than 30 unions over cuts to public sector pensions started at midnight, leading to the closure of most state schools; cancellation of refuse collections; rail service and tunnel closures; the postponement of thousands of non-emergency hospital operations; and delays at airports and ferry terminals.

The TUC said it was the biggest stoppage in more than 30 years and was comparable to the last mass strike by 1.5 million workers in 1979. Hundreds of marches and rallies are due to take place in cities and towns across the country.

Pickets began to form before dawn at many hospitals, Whitehall departments, ports and colleges.

The strikes have been called over government plans to overhaul pensions for all public sector workers, by cutting employer contributions, increasing personal contributions and, it emerged on Tuesday, increasing the state retirement age to 67 in 2026, eight years earlier than originally planned.

Union leaders were further enraged after George Osborne announced that as well as a public sector pay freeze for most until 2013, public sector workers' pay rises would be capped at 1% for the two years after that.

In Scotland an estimated 300,000 public sector workers are expected to strike, with every school due to be affected after Scottish headteachers voted to stop work for the first time.

Mr Wain told the jury he had warned police in July 2001 that the sacks and sticky tape used to seal exhibits could degrade and therefore let in fibres or hairs.

He said: "I was aware that items had been in and out of the laboratory. I didn't have control of them outside the laboratory. I didn't know whether they'd been in the same location outside the laboratory.

"I knew that the packaging was deteriorating, I knew that the seals were deteriorating. I had concerns about contamination.",,read more

Police raided the home of a retired Special Branch detective (Alec Owens) who acted as a whistleblower on the failure of authorities to investigate media dirty tricks, just days before he is to give evidence as... read more

"Against the backdrop of governments and courts around the world ordering ISPs to block file-sharing sites, European commissioner Neelie Kroes has said people have started to see copyright as 'a tool to punish and withhold, not a tool to recognise and reward. ... Citizens increasingly hear the word copyright and hate what is behind it,' the EU's digital chief said, adding that the copyright system also wasn't rewarding the vast majority of artists."

Investigators find no forensic evidence he was carrying gun when killed

Investigators have found no forensic evidence that Mark Duggan was armed when shot by police in Tottenham on 4 August. Photograph: Rex Features

The investigation into the death of Mark Duggan has found no forensic evidence that he was carrying a gun when he was shot dead by police on 4 August, the Guardian has learned.

A gun collected by Duggan earlier in the day was recovered 10 to 14 feet away, on the other side of a low fence from his body. He was killed outside the vehicle he was travelling in, after a police marksman fired twice.

The new details raise questions about the official version of events. The shooting triggered some of the worst riots in modern British history, which began in Tottenham, north London, in response to the treatment of the Duggan family. The investigation into Duggan's death is being carried out by the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC), but the Guardian has learned new details of the shooting, and a much more complex picture than first revealed is emerging.

On the day Duggan was shot, there is overwhelming evidence he had obtained a firearm, and there is video supporting that. But the investigation is considering whether Duggan had a weapon in his possession when he was shot dead by the police.

The revelations raise questions for the Metropolitan police about the intelligence they had and its interpretation, the planning of the operation, tactics deployed, and the actions of its firearms officers.

The Crown Prosecution Service may have to consider if any officer should face criminal charges.

But the revelations also raise questions for the IPCC, whose public statements appeared to give a different impression of the shooting.

The IPCC had to correct the initial information it released, which came from the Met but which it adopted, saying Duggan had fired and that a bullet had lodged in a radio worn by a police officer. The IPCC later admitted the bullet was in fact most likely a ricochet from one fired by a police officer.

The day he was shot, Duggan hired a people carrier from a taxi firm. Officers from the Met's Operation Trident, which investigates gun crime within the African-Caribbean community, followed it.

Their intelligence that Duggan would obtain a firearm proved correct. A box, believed to have contained the weapon at some point, was found inside and at the back of the Toyota Estima people carrier.

Duggan was followed from an address in Hackney and one in Leyton, east London. As he entered Tottenham, police decided they would halt his vehicle and, fearing he had a weapon, decided to involve armed officers from their elite firearms unit, C019.

The new findings include:

• The weapon Duggan obtained was in a shoe box, in a sock, with a small hole cut away for the barrel.

• The weapon was a converted BBM "Bruni" self-loading pistol. It contained one bullet.

• Neither Duggan's DNA nor fingerprints have yet been recovered from the sock or the weapon. His fingerprints have been found on the shoe box, which was found in the back of the hired vehicle.

• Evidence suggests Duggan's weapon was not fired.

• Duggan appears to have known police were not just following him, but were going to stop him. At 6.05pm, some nine minutes before police say they shot him dead, he sent a BlackBerry message: "Trident have jammed me," he wrote, adding that people should look out for a maroon people carrier in which he believed officers from Trident were travelling.

• Toxicology tests indicate Duggan had some illegal drugs, namely ecstasy, in his blood stream. The effect on his behaviour, if any, is unclear.

• The vehicle was moved by police after the shooting, before independent investigators examined the scene.

Police following Duggan were from Operation Trident and believed the situation developing was "a crime in action", and were aware a relative of Duggan had been killed recently and that he might seek revenge for that.

A rival scenario detailed by a community source is that Duggan was obtaining a firearm after being attacked himself just days before.

Recent police shooting cases have shown that even where the person killed had no weapon, or it was some distance away, if officers can show they had a reasonable belief their life or that of others was in danger, they are highly likely to have a lawful defence.

Part of the reason the IPCC was set up was to have greater credibility within communities affected by police actions. But after the Duggan shooting, the dead man's relatives were critical of how they had been treated. The IPCC and police blamed each other for a failure to keep the family properly informed.

An IPCC spokesperson said: "The ongoing IPCC investigation into the death of Mark Duggan is examining a range of issues. We are providing updates and, where possible, answers to the family of Mr Duggan.

"This is a complex investigation that involves gathering information including witness statements, pathology, forensics and ballistics analysis and we have stated to the coroner that it will be completed within four to six months. We are unable to put information in the public domain until appropriate to do so. Ultimately, the evidence from our investigation will, rightly, be tested and challenged in a public forum before an inquest jury. We would urge people not to rush to judgment until they see and hear the evidence themselves."

In other high profile incidents involving death after police conduct, the first official version has proved wrong, adding to the damage and suspicion surrounding police actions.

Police insiders stress that firearms officers have a highly dangerous job, the risks and realities of which are little understood outside law enforcement circles.

In another development, it emerged police are under investigation over the weapon found where Duggan was shot, after it emerged it may have been used a week earlier in an assault by another person. The IPCC said tests suggested the gun may have been carried by another man in an assault, before somehow being transferred to Duggan.

The IPCC also announced that two Metropolitan police officers are under investigation over whether the assault was investigated properly. It was reported to police and no arrests were made immediately afterwards.

Sarah Green, commissioner of the IPCC, said: "Our investigation will consider whether all investigative lines were promptly identified and acted upon by officers from the Metropolitan police service and to what extent, if any, the conduct of this investigation may have impacted on the supply of the firearm found at the scene of the shooting of Mark Duggan."

In a statement the Met said: "Due to concerns about the quality of the investigative response the MPS has voluntarily referred the investigation to the Independent Police Complaints Commission.

Lancashire law firm Forbes Solicitors is warning local businesses to make sure they fully understand the new UK Bribery Act and put procedures in place to ensure it is adhered to after the first person has been sentenced under the Act.

Having pleaded guilty to charges of Bribery and Misconduct in a Public Office, Mr Munir Patel has been sentenced to a total of six years in prison. The former Court Clerk was found guilty of accepting a £500 bribe to remove a speeding charge. He will serve a 3 year sentence under the Bribery Act and 6 years for misconduct in a public office.

Charlotte Mills, a business law expert at Forbes warns, "This sentence sends out a very clear message to all businesses and demonstrates just how seriously the new Act must be taken. It's only a matter of time before a business or its Directors are given a similar punishment under the Act, local companies must ensure they fully understand the Act and put procedures in place to ensure it isn't breached by any member of staff."

Stephen Lawrence's best friend Duwayne Brooks breaks down as he gives evidence at the teenager's murder trial at the Old Bailey. Photo: Julia Quenzler/central news

Stephen Lawrence's best friend struggled through overwhelming emotion to tell an Old Bailey jury how the dying teenager repeatedly asked him: "Look at me, what's happened to me?" in the final minutes of his life.

Duwayne Brooks, who was 18 at the time of the fatal stabbing, arrived at the central criminal court in London shortly after the death on Wednesday night of his father.

Despite his grief, Brooks, now 37, had insisted to the trial judge that he wanted to give his testimony about what happened on the night his best friend was killed.

Sitting in the witness box, he began calmly, at times reading directly from a statement he had made to police on the night of the murder in April 1993.

Above him the public gallery of court 16 was full. In the dock, the defendants, Gary Dobson and David Norris, who deny murder, sat taking notes or staring straight ahead.

As Brooks told the court how he and Lawrence fled after a group of white youths converged on his friend in Well Hall Road, Eltham, south London, he was clearly struggling to stay composed."We were running, he kept asking me to tell him what was wrong as he couldn't run properly," he said. "Blood was streaming out around his neck and through his jacket."

Breaking off, he emitted a low moan. Lawrence's mother, Doreen, clasped a hand over her mouth as he began to sob, wiping his tears away with the back of his hand.

He tried again: "So, we was running … we was running, his blood is dripping on the floor … " But again, he broke down.

The trial judge, Mr Justice Treacy, asked: "Do you want a break?" Brooks shook his head and tried to continue.

"I can deal with this quite quickly," said Mark Ellison QC, prosecuting.

But Brooks raised his voice: "No. I want to say what happened."

Recovering a little, he went on: "He kept saying to me: 'What's happened to me?' He kept saying: why is he running like this? Look at him. I must tell him what's happened?"

Brooks stopped again and explained that what he meant was that his friend was asking him this as they ran.

"Then we are running because I was frightened that these guys could come back round. He kept asking me, and I just said: 'Just run, please run.'

"He said to me one more time; 'Duwayne', and his voice was all funny and then he fell by a tree."

In the moments afterwards, the court sat in silence. One woman in the public gallery comforted a young girl next to her and several people within the courtroom wiped away tears.

Earlier, Brooks had told the jury how he and Lawrence had been friends since secondary school.

"How close had you become?" asked Ellison. "We had become best friends," Brooks replied.When Lawrence went into the sixth form of Blackheath Bluecoats school, Brooks had left school to begin a course at Lewisham college.

On the day of the murder, Brooks met Lawrence outside his school and the friends travelled to Eltham. At the railway station they caught a 286 bus and got off at the stop on Well Hall Road.Reading from his statement, he said it was 10.38pm when the friends decided to leave the stop to look for a bus.

As they walked, Lawrence was some distance behind Brooks. "I noticed on the left hand side that a group of boys were crossing the road," he said. "I made a mental note of how many there were."

"How many were there?" said Ellison.

"Six", he replied.

"I looked back, Stephen was about 8 to 10 yards behind me. I said: 'Can you see the bus?' Then I heard a voice on my left hand side. Then these guys crossed the road and one of them shouts: 'what what nigger'."

Brooks said he immediately felt threatened. "I started running back [to the bus stop] and I shouted: 'Steve run'."

He said he turned round to Lawrence again as he ran. He could see him in the road and the group a few feet from him.

"The group converged on him. I was running back, jogging backwards. A tree had blocked my view of the road. One of the other guys came round, it looked like round the tree, but I couldn't see. He has come round the tree and he is chasing me. I was running backwards, probably jogging, I was in fear.

"When I looked back I see that member of the group, if you want to call him the leader, the guy with the weapon, ran straight into him and 'wham' he hit him."

As he spoke Brooks raised his right hand to make an overarm stabbing movement. Asked how long the weapon was, he put his hands about a foot apart. "It was something shiny," he said.Brooks said the youth who had been chasing him then ran back to Lawrence and struck him with what he thought was a metal bar. The group then moved away down Dickson Road."Stephen jumped up and I was kind of relieved, I thought he had just got a kicking and we ran, we ran across the road."

Lawrence made it a few hundred yards before, heavily blooded, he fell to the ground.Challenged in cross examination by Tim Roberts QC for Dobson as to why his testimony about when he first saw the youths differed to a statement he had made in a magistrates court in 1995, Brooks said: "What I was saying in 1995, I was saying while I was suffering from post traumatic stress disorder. In a sense I wasn't in the right frame of mind to have been giving evidence."

A statement from Conor Taaffe and his wife, Louise, who were leaving mass at a church in Well Hall Road that night, was read to the court.

Taaffe described how he saw Lawrence collapse as the two young men ran along the road: "The one in front was trying to egg on the other one. Stephen was bending forward from his middle while running, he was holding his upper chest. I saw him crash on to the pavement. What grabbed my attention was the noise of him falling. He collapsed face first and face down."Going to Lawrence's aid, Taaffe said: "I put my right hand on his back and my left hand on his head. I could feel he was still breathing. I was praying over him in whispers. I said things like 'Bless him Lord Jesus, heal him. Have mercy on him'."

When a paramedic arrived minutes later and checked Lawrence's pulse he shook his head and said: "Nothing."

Dr Richard Shepherd, a Home Office pathologist, said the knife wounds on Lawrence measured 12cm and 13cm deep by 3.5cm to 4cm wide. He said the knife used to inflict them must have been at least 13cm long and 3cm wide.

Nick Clegg has ordered a fresh review of the lopsided extradition treaty between the US and UK after rejecting an official study that concluded it was fair.

The deputy prime minister has broken Government ranks to set up a Liberal Democrat review amid fears the Conservatives will not reform the controversial act.

Sir Menzies Campbell, who is a QC, is to chair a panel to examine how the arrangements could be reformed.

The treaty has been criticised as unfair by the families of Britons facing extradition, particularly Janis Sharp, the mother of Gary McKinnon, the autism sufferer wanted by US authorities to answer hacking charges.

An official review by retired judge Sir Scott Baker concluded last month that the Extradition Act was not biased despite the fact nine times as many Britons have been extradited as Americans.

Mr Clegg, who attacked the treaty in opposition, believes his conclusions were “questionable” but fears the Conservatives will accept them and not attempt to reform the act. .. read more

Wednesday, November 16, 2011

Stephen Lawrence was stabbed to death in an alleged racist attack in Eltham, south-east London, in 1993. Photograph: Rex Features

The killing of the black teenager Stephen Lawrence was carried out by five like-minded white youths motivated by nothing more than racial animosity and the colour of his skin, an Old Bailey jury has been told on the opening of a murder trial the dead boy's family have waited 18 years to witness.

On a day of drama at the central criminal court in London, the jury was taken back to the night in April 1993 when the life of the promising A-level student was cut short by a group of white youths, who with a shout of "what, what nigger" rushed Lawrence, overwhelmed him, forced him to the ground and thrust a knife twice into his body. Each knife wound, one in the right collar bone, the second in the left shoulder, severed an artery.

"The only discernible reason for the attack was the colour of his skin," prosecuting counsel Mark Ellison, QC, told the jury in court 16.

"The way in which the attack was executed indicates that this group were a group of like-minded young, white men who acted together and reacted together. They shared the same racial animosity and motivation."

With the two defendants – Gary Dobson and David Norris, who deny murder – sitting in the dock above him, Stephen Lawrence's father Neville appeared unable to listen. Now grey and slightly stooped by age, he stood up and left the courtroom, leaving the boy's mother Doreen and their only surviving son Stuart to take in the proceedings.

Yet another incident of a public official abusing their access to information has arisen, this time in Liverpool.

DCI Mike Lawlor has been charged with six counts of accessing personal information held by the police without authorisation.

As highlighted by the Liverpool Echo, He worked at the Intelligence and Security Bureau (ISB) at Merseyside police’s Canning Place headquarters and was first arrested in June.Big Brother Watch published a report earlier this year exposing how more than 900 police staff and officers had breached the Data Protection Act

While there is the potential for an unlimited fine for breaching the DPA, there is no possibility of a custodial sentence. This power has been legislated for, however the Coalition has yet to

This case once again highlights how there is a clear need for such a punishment to be available to the courts. It also demonstrates how such incidents are not confined to low level staff, but those working at a highly sensitive level.

Big Brother Watch will be keeping a close eye on the punishment handed down, and will continue to argue for custodial sentences to be brought into force as soon as possible.

Just the other day, President Obama urged other countries to stop censoring the Internet. But now the United States Congress is trying to censor the Internet here at home. A new bill being debated in Congress would have the Attorney General create an Internet blacklist of sites that US Internet providers would be required to block.

This is the kind of heavy-handed censorship you'd expect from a dictatorship, where one man can decide what web sites you're not allowed to visit. But the Senate Judiciary Committee is expected to pass the bill quickly -- and Senators say they haven't heard much in the way of objections! That's why we need you to sign our urgent petition to Congress demanding they oppose the Internet blacklist.

PETITION TO THE SENATE: Censoring the Internet is something we'd expect from China or Iran, not the U.S. Senate. You need to stop this Internet blacklist in its tracks and oppose S. 3804. ..read more

The government is trying to push through a set of electronic surveillance laws that will invade your privacy and cost you money. The plan is to force every phone and Internet provider to allow "authorities" to collect the private information of any Canadian, at any time, without a warrant.This bizarre legislation will create Internet surveillance that is:

Warrantless: A range of "authorities" will have the ability to invade the private lives of law-abiding Canadians and our families using wired Internet and mobile devices, without justification.

Invasive: The laws leave our personal and financial information less secure and more susceptible to cybercrime.

Costly: Internet services providers may be forced to install millions of dollars worth of spying technology and the cost will be passed down to YOU.

If enough of us speak out now the government will have no choice but to stop this mandatory online spying scheme. Sign the petition now, and forward it to everyone you know →

Gary Dobson and David Norris to appear at Old Bailey accused of killing teenager in 1993

Stephen Lawrence murder: Gary Dobson, left, and David Norris are accused of killing the 18-year-old student at a bus stop in Eltham, London, in 1993. Photograph: CPS/PA

Two men are going on trial charged with the murder of Stephen Lawrence at a London bus stop in 1993.

Gary Dobson, 36, and David Norris, 35, will face a jury in a trial at the Old Bailey that will be attended by Stephen's parents, Doreen and Neville Lawrence.

The murder of Stephen Lawrence in Eltham, south-east London, is one of the most high-profile unsolved murders in Britain.

The 18-year-old was a talented student who dreamt of being an architect. As he and a friend, Duwayne Brooks, waited for a bus on 22 April 1993, they were attacked by a gang of youths who shouted abuse before fatally stabbing Stephen.

Before the jury can start hearing the evidence, they must be selected from a panel of potential candidates. Defence and prosecution lawyers may also want to make submissions to the judge without the jury being present.

The trial, which starts on Monday, is scheduled to last until mid-December, though arrangements have been made in case it runs into the new year.

Dobson and Norris have denied involvement in the murder, which took place when they were teenagers. The case will be heard before Mr Justice Treacy.

Sunday, November 13, 2011

Copyright law strikes a balance between private rights and public interests. Not everyone likes the balance the law sets. Copyright owners complain that it does not adequately protect them from infringement of their works. Critics contend that copyright law tilts too far in favor of the interests of copyright owners and does not safeguard the rights of consumers.

Yet because copyright law is public law—enacted by Congress, enforced where appropriate by the President, and interpreted and applied by the courts—there is plenty of opportunity to monitor the effects of the law and to debate the ways in which it should be reformed.

Increasingly, however, copyright law is being privatized. Its meaning and application are determined not by governmental actors but by private parties, and in particular by deep-pocketed copyright owners. Increasingly, the balance between private rights and public interests is set by private lawmaking.

My new book, Copyfraud and Other Abuses of Intellectual Property Law, shows how copyright owners, unhappy with the scope of protections that Congress has given them, routinely grab more rights than they are entitled to under the law. They do this at the expense of consumers and of the public at large.

One example is the widespread use of contractual provisions that enhance the rights of copyright owners. Many works, especially works delivered in digital form, are made available only to people who agree to give to the provider broader rights of ownership than copyright law itself actually confers.

For instance, the Copyright Act protects the right of fair use but in contracts accompanying digital works consumers waive the right to make any use of the work without the copyright owner’s permission. Copyright law permits consumers to give, lend, or sell their copy of a work after they are done using it. However, terms of use imposed by the supplier prohibit any transfer at all.

While copyright law permits reverse engineering of software to develop interoperable products, contractual terms imposed upon the customer prohibit all reverse engineering. Some contracts even require the customer to agree not to contest the content provider’s claim of copyright ownership, raising the possibility that works that are not even protected by copyright are subject to limitations that mirror those available for works that truly are copyrighted....read morehttp://forum.prisonplanet.com/index.php?topic=222037.msg1314496&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter#msg1314496

It has emerged in media reports that both Scotland Yard and the Surrey Police are understood to be "targeting" Anthony Clarke Chairman of the British Business Angels Association and the Angel Capital Group based in Pall Mall London who are close affiliates of the Federation of Small Businesses now based at Carroll House.

Further sources have confirmed that Anthony Clarke in his previous capacity as the Chief Executive of the Carroll Global Corporation for nearly twenty years incorporated a startling array of twenty eight fraudulent UK Companies House dummy corporations to provide a corporate screen off for the embezzlement of millions of dollars of the Carroll Foundation’s liquid funds believed to have been held on deposit at both HSBC International and the Queen’s bankers Coutts Bank & Co London. In a bizarre twist a UK Companies House leaked source has disclosed that Anthony Clarke also incorporated a further shell company known as Clarke Capital Corporation Ltd. in 1996/1997 which was then dissolved in 2007 to continue to provide a further smoke screen for this huge fraud spanning three continents.

UK Government leaked sources have now disclosed that the Carroll Trust's Carroll Aircraft Corporation group were utilised within the framework of a trans-national crime syndicate operation which effectively triggered the criminal liquidation and tax fraud embezzlement of a staggering one billion dollars of the trust's world wide interests.

Further sources have revealed that both the FBI and Scotland Yard who are charged with this case have recently obtained Carroll Aircraft prosecution files which are understood to contain a startling litany of forged and falsified UK Companies House registered Farnborough Aerospace Development Corporation Plc Carroll Aircraft Corporation Plc and Strategic Research & Development Corporation Plc dummy shell corporations directly linked to fraudulent HSBC 8-12 Victoria Street Westminster bank accounts.

It has emerged that a former Conservative Party HQ Central Office Director who has been named as Sir Anthony Garner is also seriously implicated in his capacity as a former Director of the Farnborough Aerospace Development Corporation Plc.

The Carroll Aircraft Corporation's interests are known to have embraced over two hundred and fifty million dollars of military-industrial complex investment holdings including aviation assets which are thought to have involved a full spectrum of civilian/military jets and helicopters.