Celebrating Banned Books Week in Egypt and Beyond

This is the start of the U.S.-based “Banned Books Week,” a week that highlights the benefits of free access to books and the harm that comes from censorship. Although “Banned Books Week” doesn’t have much traction outside the U.S., it’s as good a time as any to re-examine book censorship in Egypt and around the Arabic-reading region.

The AUC Press’s Trevor Naylor put it succinctly in a recent interview when he said that “censorship is still an open question.”

Egyptian authors can, as before, publish anything that isn’t censored by the publisher, editor, or printer. If there are “public” complaints, a book can be yanked from shelves, which is what happened to Magdy al-Shafee’s Metro,which will be published in English translation next year but is not available in Arabic. After the yanking, the case then goes to court. Al-Shafee and his publisher were fined 5,000LE for offending public morals.

Attorneys can also launch their own hesba cases against authors and publishers for “offensive” material. Brian Whitakerexplains hesba—and the failed case against1,001 Nights—in The Guardian.

None of these involve the censorship office. Their main literary work is, as before, in the policing of imported books. This not only goes for foreign titles, but also for books that were shipped abroad for a book fair, such as Ibrahim Farghali’s Sons of Gebelawi, and then returned to Egypt. This both limits what’s available to readers and makes planning very difficult for book buyers and bookstores.

As in the U.S., interest groups (usually religious) also make it their business to try to ban books. Khaled al-Berry’s very interesting and readable Life is More Beautiful than Paradise was banned by Al-Azhar’s Islamic Research Council, although it’s widely available.

Mohamed Choukri’s For Bread Alone was pulled from the syllabus of a literature course at the AUC in 2005 after pressure from students and parents. The celebrated classic has also faced censorship in Morocco, where it only became available in 2000.

Works by exceptionally talented Lebanese authors Hanan al-Sheikh and Elias Khoury were recently pulled from the Cairo International Book Fair, as was the Nubian author Idris Ali’s The Leader is Getting a Hair Cut. Other books banned from the fair include A Banquet for Seaweed by the Syrian writer Haidar Haidar, works by the Czech author Milan Kundera, Choukri’s For Bread Alone, and Saudi writer Ibrahim Badi.

Taha Hussein’s beautiful The Days also has faced censorship attempts from Al-Azhar.

Other Arabic-reading nations also have their struggles with censorship. Anecdotally:

KUWAIT

An anonymous publisher told the Kuwait Times that “Kuwaiti censorship is not only worse than all other Gulf Cooperative Council book fairs but also the worst censorship in the world.” This was after Kuwait banned numerous titles, notably (at least) 35 Egyptian works, from its 2010 book fair. These included novels by Ahdaf Soueif, Ibrahim Aslan, Alaa al-Aswany, Gamal al-Ghitani, Khairy Shalaby, Galal Amin, and Ibrahim Farghali.

QATAR

The author of a June 2010 report in Qatar Living was told “‘off the record’ [that] the Virgin Megastore [was] ‘pressured’ to remove [books] from public display, most of its stock and had great restrictions in importing books.”