Ladders for Assessing and Costing Water Service Delivery, 2nd Edition

This working paper provides a framework for data analysis of life-cycle costs. This paper explores costs at three levels including: 1) total aggregate services across the whole population; 2) within different service levels; and 3) between technology types. Service level is defined as a collection of indicators of service provision, together with acceptable ranges for these indicators. The ladder is a useful metaphor for the idea that a progression should take place from lower to higher levels of service. This structure helps data analysis in different countries, related not only to the technologies being used, but also to the terms of the domestic water services being received. This second edition reflects the experiences of applying this methodology in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique and India (Andhra Pradesh).

Differentiating between service levels helps to narrow the range of cost estimates for providing water services.
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The level of detail employed by the JMP ladder is insufficient in allowing the cross-comparison of costs and the multiple use service (MUS) ladder does not differentiate locations and assumes that all households have a demand for non-basic water consumption. Therefore, WASHCost's notion of a service ladder is introduced.
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WASHCost service ladder has four main indicators: quantity, quality, accessibility, and reliability.
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The WASHCost analytical and methodological framework is best used to assess and measure progress in achieving water sector development goals.
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It is difficult to make progress on costs with no prior agreement arrived amongst key stakeholders of water, sanitation and hygiene services.
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