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The large-capvalue investment style is one of the most popular styles among U.S. investment managers. Intuitively, this makes sense, as it involves following large, well-known companies in an attempt to see when their share prices dropped below what would be justified by their fundamentals.
But large-cap value isn’t the only investment style there is.
Marrying Quality & Value
Clearly, the focus in value strategies is on how price relates to fundamentals such as dividends, earnings or book value. Quality factors focus on the inherent stability of the fundamentals themselves, making the two approaches interesting complements. Robert Novy-Marx wrote:1

Because strategies based on profitability are growth strategies, they provide an excellent hedge for value strategies, and thus dramatically improve a value investor’s investment opportunity set. In fact, the profitability strategy, despite generating significant returns on its own, actually provides insurance for value.

We tested this premise using the MSCI USA Quality and MSCI USA Value indexes. To function as an “insurance” characteristic, the MSCI Value and MSCI Quality should not be outperforming or underperforming at the same time.
MSCI USA Quality vs. MSCI USA Value—Excess Returns against the MSCI USA Index (Rolling Three-Year)
• Excess Returns Appear to Offset Each Other: When the MSCI USA Quality Index was outperforming the MSCI USA Index, the MSCI USA Value Index was underperforming it—and to a similar degree. With the exception of the most recent three-year period, the potential cited by Novy-Marx appears intact.
We also wanted to further test another statement made by Novy-Marx, which was, “Adding a profitability strategy on top of an existing value strategy actually reduces overall portfolio volatility …”2 To test this, we looked at how a 50/50 allocation split between the MSCI USA Quality Index and the MSCI USA Value Index (Value & Quality Blend) did compared to the MSCI USA Value Index alone.
• Did the Value & Quality Blend Outperform the MSCI USA Value Index by Itself? The percentage of rolling periods when the Value & Quality Blend outperformed the MSCI USA Index was higher than it was for just the MSCI USA Value Index—and we tested rolling periods of 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years in order to see a wide range of different time frames.
• Did the Value & Quality Blend Lead to an Improved Sharpe Ratio Compared to the MSCI USA Value Index Alone? As the length of the rolling periods increased—similar to what we saw with the excess returns earlier—the percentage of times the Sharpe ratio improved also increased. Even on the shorter end, rolling three-year periods, the Sharpe ratio increased more than half the time, i.e., in more than 50% of the rolling periods examined.
Marriage of High Dividend & Quality Dividend Growth
WisdomTree has two strategies that look at different types of dividend-paying stocks to fit in these categories:
• Value: The WisdomTree High Dividend Index (High Dividend) searches for relatively higher-yielding U.S. dividend payers, thereby establishing a value type of exposure. With the extended period of low interest rates that we’ve seen, these types of stocks have tended to become more expensive, as they are seen as sources of potential income generation.
• Quality Dividend Growth: The WisdomTree U.S. Quality Dividend Growth Index (Quality Dividend Growth) focuses on growth and quality factors in its selection process, thereby establishing a quality type of exposure. We think the fact that these stocks represent one of the more exciting valuation opportunities in U.S. equities—given their (usually) lower debt, higher return on equity (ROE) and higher growth expectations—these stocks could command a more premium multiple.
It’s worth noting that the two Indexes share 34 common constituents, comprising approximately 21% of the weight of High Dividend and 29% of Quality Dividend Growth.3Current State of Complementarity
In creating a 50/50 blend of these two Indexes today, we see:
• Smaller Sector Bets Compared to the S&P 500 Index: By itself, Quality Dividend Growth was 12% under-weight Financials, whereas High Dividend was 17% under-weight Information Technology. The 50/50 blend was still under-weight Information Technology, but now by only 8.8%. The biggest over-weight for the 50/50 blend was 5.8% to Consumer Staples.
• Attractive Valuation Characteristics: The 50/50 blend exhibited a 15.6x price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio and a 3.43% dividend yield. That’s compared to about 15.3x and 2.2%, respectively, for the S&P 500.
• Emphasis on Quality: Looking at the median three-year average return on equity of the 50/50 blend, we see 14.1%, while the number for the median three-year average return on assets is 5.7%,—figures that are actually very close to the S&P 500. Had we not complemented High Dividend with Quality Dividend Growth, we would be looking at 9.1% for the median three-year average ROE and less than 3.0% for the median three-year average ROA.
For those interested in WisdomTree’s thoughts on quality, please see our full research paper The Dividends of a Quality and Growth Factor Approach.
1Robert Novy-Marx, “The Other Side of Value: The Gross Profitability Premium,” 6/12.
2Robert Novy-Marx, “The Other Side of Value: The Gross Profitability Premium,” 6/12.
3Weight in common constituents as well as weight sourced from Standard & Poor’s, with data as of 9/25/15.

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