The National Security State and the Assassination of JFK
The CIA, the Pentagon, and the “Peace President” by Andrew Gavin Marshall

(1959)…”Among the recommended provocations and pretexts to justify a war, the Joint Chiefs suggested that, “a series of well coordinated incidents will be planned to take place in and around [the US military base at] Guantanamo to give genuine appearance of being done by hostile Cuban forces,” including starting rumours, landing “friendly Cubans in uniform” outside of the base to “stage attack on base” in Cuban uniform, capturing friendly “saboteurs inside the base,” and have friendly Cubans “start riots near the base main gate.”[30] Further recommendations were to “blow up ammunition inside the base; start fires,” as well as burning aircraft on the base, or sabotage a ship in the harbor, or to even, “sink [a] ship near harbor entrance. Conduct funerals for mock-victims.”[31] One startling recommendation was that, “We could blow up a US ship in Guantanamo Bay and blame Cuba,” or that, “we could blow up a drone (unmanned) vessel anywhere in the Cuban waters,” and blame Cuba, and that, “casualty lists in US newspapers would cause a helpful wave of national indignation.”[32] However, the most disturbing aspect of Operation Northwoods was the recommendation that:

“We could develop a Communist Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area, in other Florida cities and even in Washington. Honolulu fake documents! (Like all else: shark in Egypt waters blamed on Israel, 911, Rumors, etc)

With no danger to American Society, the entrapment from Bush /Obama “MANIPULATORS“…. “The object is to terrify the American Public, so that they will surrender their civil liberties–Possibly the greatest extortion scheme in U.S. history.” —It’s only the BEGINNING! See below creating subservient civilians, assassinations and torture goes on illegally anyway. Legalizing it is only for us civilians N.W.O.

The New (1975) weapon of war (mass destruction duped diversions) is out and was in the hands of Cult of Intelligence! HOW & WHY 911 mastermind/CONTROL ELF WEAPON! The root of all problems must be exposed and stopped before too late! See history collectively repeating by design! Cryptocracy’s Plan to Psycho-civilize you. Emulating, inducing the Scriptures. Duping ALL- Thomas Drake case Psychic Spy Programs hiding behind Dragnet and SSP since 1947! Macrocosm OFFICIALS and Corp. LEADERS…

CIA JOHN LOFTUS on brasschecktv.com 2 videos of ISRAEL, CIA BUSH/HITLER DoD Yale Secret Society, CIA John LOFTUSDEPT of JUSTICE belong in JAIL—— funded Prescott Bush and RECRUITED NAZIS and FUNDING TERRORIST GROUPS with BRITISH- To crush ISRAEL- BEFORE DULLES ARAB NAZIS in CIA-911 to AGENDA next &since 1920. THE SECRET WAR AGAINST JEWS and more. THE WITNESS TREE.—Part I and II http://www.brasschecktv.com/videos/money-madness/how-america-lost-its-way-.html– http://www.brasschecktv.com/videos/government-corruption/why-the-justice-department-doesntcatch-banksters-terrorists-and-other-enemies-of-the-nation.html

ALL HIDING BEHIND SSP, Patriot Act since 1947 conspiracy take over slowly being introduced as New World Order MASS Brainwash-chunked to accept! The launch of a New Holocaust in manifest after trickery and the people’s CONSENT of balancing LESS FREEDOM, Civil Rights and a suspension of the Constitution, after MISSION of COMMUNISM and Middle East. Tyranny infiltrations in the guise of 911. [Pg 9, 213] DARPA (trailing 50 yrs behind/suppressed) on BUDGET old CIA SCIENCE.

CYBERSYN; “The COUP for the Communist World: “It is said Henry Kissinger was the one who intervened to put an end to the GRAND experiment. Salvador Allende was assassinated by Chileans who are reported to have been in the PAY of CIA, and Cybersyn went by the wayside. They thought! Today FCC coup to regulate the INTERNET; COMMUNISM infiltrations and attempts, KGB/Gestapo style Domestic Surveillance mind manipulations after the fact & covertly hijacked www & humans. One World Brain Pg 241. N.S.A. has a five-thousand-acre campus at Fort Meade protected by iris scanners and facial-recognition devices. The electric bill there is said to surpass $$$ seventy million dollars a year.” For civility and DNA cloning and/or data-mining, etc. It does not protect.

CYBERNETICS; “Helms; can be used in molding of a child’s character” Subdue & Ripping senses while there. “ odd series of events” ARTICLES for decades on Ordinary folks Nationwide-leading to … Attached. –Strange cases and deaths on my website with other documents from this weapon of MIND Control events & tricks on whistleblowers & Civility especially CIVIL rights agenda.

“Secretary Geithneralso highlighted …Bear Stearnsformer Chief Operating Officer of Fixed Income, Paul Friedman, stated “Rumors were untrue until the telling of rumors made them true.” This is how they do it (Project Stargate/Spacestar research DUPED by 2nd LEVEL as all else, and playing psychics). Then, GAO report (INVOKED TO SELL by FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD), PLANS selectively REDISTRIBUTING/TRANSFER OF WEALTH from Jews, and agenda unwittingly. (odd/strange series of events on individuals across Country/Globe) and CONGRESSMAN KUCINICH AGAIN how the TRANSFER OF MONIES with WARS——— after presenting a bill for SPACE PRESERVATION ACT to ban this mind control WEAPON. Including Mark Zuckerburg Facebook. Donation of millions for “Science & Tech” while setting him up for years.

The CIA succeeded in developing a whole range of psycho-weapons to expand its already ominous psychological warfare arsenal. With these capabilities, it was now possible to wage a new kind of war: a war which would take place invisibly, upon the battlefield of the human mind… [p. 19]

1997 DoD Briefing: ‘Others’ can set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotelyusing electromagnetic waves By Lori Price 28 Feb 2010 Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen, 28 April 1997: ‘There are some reports, for example, that some countries have been trying to construct something like an Ebola Virus [OMG! Who would do such a thing?], and that would be a very dangerous phenomenon, to say the least. Alvin Toeffler has written about this in terms of some scientists in their laboratories trying to devise certain types of pathogens that would be ethnic specific so that they could just eliminate certain ethnic groups and races; and others [LOL] are designing some sort of engineering, some sort of insects that can destroy specific crops. Others are engaging even inan eco- type of terrorism whereby they can alter the climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of electromagnetic waves.’ —Just switch ‘yours,’ ‘others’ and ‘they’ with ‘U.S.,’ ‘U.S.’ and ‘U.S.’. Imagine, after eight years of George W. Bush turbo-funding these lunatics, what they can do now.

(WAVES, Seismic, radio frying us …) BP mind control transmitted human error! Tried to warn CONGRESS in 2008 and dismissed by disbelief. ELF CANCER directed energy at INDIVIDUALS being covered up as if from lame excuses and now Natural Disasters Corruptions infiltrated as all else. WATERFRONT Properties FL to NYunder attack! Induced Climate ELF & Seismic Waves to De-populate and redistribute wealth/—again. 2nd LEVEL CIA (Terrorists) Mind CONTROLLING GLOBALIST to do THEIR MISSION for them. HUMANS are all PAWNS used in their U.S. Matrix since Alien Hallucinations to going Global!

“Only the small secrets need to be protected. The big ones are kept secret by public incredulity.” —Marshall McCluhan

“If both the past and the external world exist only in the mind, and if the mind itself is controllable—what then?” —George Orwell

Published 1985 MACROCOSM: NEW WORLD ORDER MILLIONS Will go THROUGH “The PROCESS” (brainwash programming) INCLUDING MOST OF AMERICA’S CORPORATE LEADERS and OFFICIALS from Navy/ EDUCATION-“It was estimated that Millions of persons were (1985) put through this type of PROCESSINGBreaking down of personalities and recondition…” Many already manipulated into their office long ago. College manipulations no one knows about. “Weird things happen when you join the bureau”. Their shadow. Collectively-What do you think they’ve been doing and how we got here! Making sense of 50 years in the manifest-Wake up America! Wake up Washington! NSA transmissions Article, Leading psychiatrist, Dr. Walter BOWART pg 4 and more.

“It was either invisible warfare or PEACE, and everyone seemed to agree the economy would “suffer” from peace. Without war, it was believed, the economy would falter and depression would be the dividend of peace. Thus the advisors to the president began to think about what might motivate the U.S. economy as well as war did. They came up with several possibilities, the most fantastic of which was to fake an invasion from outer space… Resource Tab 1973-90% JFK believed CIA conspiracy today BUT IT IS UNWITTINGLY mind controlled!!! Dr. Walter Bowart Pg 6 #21, 39.

The Weapon of Mass Destruction: DoD, Psychotronics, Synthetic Telepathy, DOE and a CIA’s-2nd Level–Spinning our wheels and putting out fires/band aids for yrs won’t solve humanity’s mind control at the root. THE FORCE BEHIND THE FORCES! Unveil them. Their own shadow is within (1973). Tesla’s Chinese wall of defense… Information warfare psyops transmitted thoughts, Article on MIND manipulating our SENATE STILL decades later…2nd level CIA FOIA 1972, “His God lurks Behind the electronic curtain, we find: The SORCERER, MANIPULATOR, CYBERNETICIST, the weaver of the DREAMscape” Jim Keith pg 245 Brilliant video below. They all said Abolish CIA and NSAct 1947. See Russia slide. It’s ALL about you, it AFFECTS YOU daily and un-wit.

OPERATION MIND CONTROL: CRYPTOCRACY’S PLAN TO PSYCHOCIVILIZE YOU-

WITNESS in COURT NO Plane hit PENTAGON, TANGIBLE coupled with fear TRANSMISSIONS to manipulate and BRAINWASH you to VOTE for PATRIOT ACT is one example——————————BEWARE!—— Facts below and on line with Appendices! There is a 18 U.S.C. § 241Conspiracy against rights since MLK, JFK unwitting false blame—

CIA are NAZIS: Magnus Olsson; Below CIA Vet Milt Beardon states; “That you know of 911 etc, They play a lot with Memory and make you invest to lose or win $$$ -inventing ills, Aliens, and enemies. Magnus Olsson Sweden also stated CIA has NAZIS. A plan to fascism for another Holocaust in MANIFEST if the CONSTITUTION IS NOT restored. 90 Billion Hadassah Jerusalem Hosp…Pg 7

ALL RELATED TO PATRIOT ACT, disarming etc. DUPLICITOUS plans to take down Israel and WWIII still being manipulated behind the scenes duping everyone. This 2nd level CIA is behind the electronic CURTAIN on Long Island Tower inception and JP Morgan funding…

Bush was to be assassinatedin the 1980’s by Duncan O’Finioan; didn’t know why, but was intercepted, overridden by CIA & (triggered) to cancel mission (shoot)as ALL ELSE. CIA were the Aliens among us “We are not alone” since big Brother’s watching was the buzz. Toggling between families homes. French civilians were transmitted Bush was controlled by Aliens for psyops.

Bowart, Walter, “Leading PsychiatristBlows Whistle on Profession: Proves 50 + years of Mind Control“Were we Controlled?” JFK Adventures and False Memory Syndrome Foundation,Schizophrenic offshoot since HITLER Weapon of Mass… pg 9 Synthetic ills and Crimes & AZ. Cancer Jim Keith-Mass Control Human Engineering. (Pushed/fell??? to his death) Cults in sheep skin! Duplicitous sabotaging behind the scenes APA and AMA (while in bed with DoD; Amy Goodman Standing up to the Madness) enemies close to take them down…, to Medical books also for 50 years. FALSE RECORDS & Character/Perception ETC! And JFK “no official of my Administration…” Psychotronics-Psychotechnologies, Psychoenergetics WARFARE also on APA & AMA in your doctor’s office/Lawyer… skewed medicine, list of ills below. (1975) Planted false memories in psychologist’s patients and blamed them as with medical manipulations in Hospitals & offices.

THE STRANGE CASE OF JOSEPH MOSHE:
This “Joseph Moshe” arrested in L.A. is likely a MOSSAD agent with a CONSCIENCE – and has apparently been extradited immediately to Israel. Now his “testimony”, whatever it would have been, is still “secure”. Notice, the “federal agents” used an electro-magnetic pulse – which knocked out his car, as well as any cell phone so he couldn’t contact the “U.S. Attorney” he was obviously going to meet with. (As I)…ELF immune scapegoats to hide as all else with propaganda mind controlled.

The immune system is so overloaded by the presence of the “shadow” diseases that its effectiveness is thinned out….“In short, alter the internal wavestructure, and one creates a curved spacetime ‘engine’ that acts on mass in any fashion one chooses to design — including initiate diseases . . . Now visualize one of these ‘vacuum engines’ or ‘spacetime curvature engines’ that acts on mass to generate the exact effects produced by anthrax. (Or any other disease one wishes) . . . Call the virtual state of a disease engine the disease pattern in the “shadow” state, just prior to becoming observable. . Tom Bearden Army Lt. Col. (www.mireilletorjman.comfor all articles with notations)

Has America become a nation of psychotics? You would certainly think so, based on the explosion in the use of antipsychotic medications. In 2008,…while old people with dementia are dosed, in large numbers, with drugs once reserved largely for schizophrenics. Americans and bipolar… Mass psychosis in the US – Opinion – Al Jazeera English Pfizer –(Drugs (Rx tax)-IT’S ALL FOR TAX REVENUE & POWER) as USA 1970’s deployed VETS non-traced, GULF war & Ground 0.

Research Links Rise in Falluja Birth Defects and Cancers to US Assault • Defects in newborns 11 times higher than normal • ‘War contaminants’ from 2004 attack could be cause by Martin Chulov enclosed… Published on Friday, December 31, 2010 by The Guardian/UK

The Dark Side of the Force: Creating and broadcasting disease

Speaking of the scalar wave induction of disease by longitudinal wave patterns Bearden refers to work by French scientist Kervran Russian scientist Kaznacheyev, who proved that any disease could be transmitted electromagnetically. How to “Broadcast” Diseases Longitudinal EM Biowars

Bearden explains how the new quantum potential weapons can be used to induce disease-at-a-distance in a population, or to “spread” the immune system so thin that a conventional bio-attack would be greatly potentiated. By “broadcasting” virtual disease patterns over a population, the immune system is so overloaded by the presence of the “shadow” diseases that its effectiveness is thinned out. “In short, alter the internal wavestructure, and one creates a curved spacetime ‘engine’ that acts on mass in any fashion one chooses to design — including initiate diseases . . . Now visualize one of these ‘vacuum engines’ or ‘spacetime curvature engines’ that acts on mass to generate the exact effects produced by anthrax. (Or any other disease one wishes) . . . Call the virtual state of a disease engine the disease pattern in the “shadow” state, just prior to becoming observable. . . (see June 13, 1975)

“7. In 1967, after Ramparts magazine exposed secret CIA funding of the National Student Association and numerous nonprofit organizations, President Johnson forbade CIA support of foundations or educational institutions. Inside the Agency there was no notion that this order meant ending relationships, such as the one with Geschickter. In his case, the agile CIA men simply transferred the funding from the foundation to a private company, of which his son was the secretary-treasurer.

8. Lying to Congress followed the pattern of lying to the press that some MKULTRA veterans adopted after the first revelations came out. For example, former Human Ecology Society director James Monroe told The New York Times on August 2, 1977 that “only about 25 to 30 percent” of the Society’s budget came from the CIA—a statement he knew to be false since the actual figure was well over 90 percent. His untruth allowed some other grantees to claim that their particular project was funded out of the non-Agency part of the Society.” Pentagon’s source selection Board repeatedly recommended a bid by Boeing as both better and cheaper… DoD awarded to Gen. Dynamics” 2nd level manipulated.

DoD: McNamara, wrote in March 1969, issue of Washington Monthly Mag.; “ Few Americans are aware that about 90 % of the Major weapons systems that the defense Dept. procures ends up costing the Country at least twice as much as was originally estimated. “ The American Tax Payer is not getting their money’s worth???????? SAIC FBI lawsuit & Pursuant with Lawsuit by BOEING.

2 different thoughts etc; transmitted at the same time to create arguments, chaos, dis-information! Thoughts interfering on your speech, hearing, decisions for decades. First they build TRUST while set up.

Your destinies are being led or misled, mostly no coincidences and “YOUR THOUGHTS are NOT your own.”Dumbed down, Obese, busy, De-sensitized & Dehumanized robots by mind control individuals. Immigration mind controlled Americans as dumbed down and lazy to justify immigration; part of agenda.

SOA: Mind Manipulated in law impeding truth, creating doubts, infiltrations, and worse-GEORGE GREEN, ROBERT BAER CIA bomb makers. COVERT FEMA camps and Thousands built caskets under guise of HR 645 UNWIT. Massive ops wiki and brainwash underway! American homes and jobs, with our children since Apollo13 but with shadow Apollo 11 documented-7 witnesses never returned (Satellite) REMOTE VIEWING 24/7 spying is manipulating. Armies trained by our School of AMERICAS and set up mind controlling their people; South America now Working on ASIA. All Invaded Countries… Breaking The SOUND Barrier;Democracy NOW! pg 214+. BEAM WARFARE. SOA…It’s everywhere including CIA VALERIE PLAME technology weapons, Bay of Pigs invasion, and Juan Cole Scandals. RIK and Air Force waste as SAIC etc. AGNA’s Contract guard’s behaviors, linguistics and security in Embassies, F-22 waste… DC, Govt lock down, & impeded, information warfare, in (bubble) kept in dark for yrs. during process and false beliefs! Why is Palestine’s economy growing 10% a yr. with new Malls and we can’t Revolution in mass accordingly!

“Death Ray” for planes was Tesla’s invention in 1940 and a $2,000,000.00 device to zap and melt an airplane motor 250 miles away and an Invisible Chinese Wall of defense was built around the Country, no matter how large an attack, (Teleforce, manifests FREE energy and creates rays; zapping beams, the new invisible war). (Dr. Becker, Naomi Wolf, and Sharon Weinberger “Imaginary Weapons)., this Warden cliff Tower is in full action in Long Island NY, along with 36 other stations or sites as GWEN, Globally that beam massive volume of Free Energy. (The New York Times, Sunday September 22, 1940-Science and Patents, Education News) One COSTLY energy zap causes by NLP suggestion transmitted to individuals; confusion, mistakes, trip/fall, body temp-freeze, heat, miscommunication, fatigue, focus/ concentration, radio-sleep (Kucinich-US patented under MKDELTA), and stalling any engine. HAARP, Body Electric, and Mass Control Human Engineering.

Israel-framed while dividing all people to conquer!CIA predicts, (no creating) to carry out- water (WAR) and pricing shortage, 2015-mind control transmissions zaps dry heat in body and energy-taking us down, Israel, Africa. De-population Pentagon video staging us for next invasion ASSASSINATEDAllison Des Forges in Hudson River mind control plane Crash–Staged and Senator Ed Ted Kennedy zapped. Both Civil Rights Africa, Water and Dry Land zapped already planning to invade them and brainwash one world govt. Emulating the Torah scriptures! Manchurians, and IRS, CIA bldgs/files in WT7! Surreptitious!

Major cities experiment to increase crime in the 70’s by mind control EVOLVED never ceased GENERATING BIGGER GOVT, INDUCING MISHAPS-MISFORTUNES, entrapment and now TERRORISM? Infiltrations of BRAINWASHING SCHOOLS-WEAKEN their ARMY take down ISRAEL and America going Global Agenda. Infiltrated Palestinians–Wars provoked still in manifest; Under the Auspices/ScapegoatingDrugs they brought in Conspiracy. NOT from drugs or your TV- SEE TIME photo/Article (Oct 1971) below… Infiltrations and excuses on all aspects of ELF attacks.

Egypt largest Military, Turkey Sibel gaggedSSPcreated doubts and to hide conspiracy agenda of NWO) CIA masterminds. A public brainwashed to allow it unwittingly, in the White House, to next calamity and Global Domination Conspiracy of the minds! Connecting 50 yrs of dots! ie; General Anthony Zinni (wikepidia)Changed minds! (Brainwash on the job as many others, see how it’s done) CIA Predicts The Future 2015 – Water Resources. 2007 video/comments. (Unwitting agents channeled to Infiltrate) “Waging War” since the Church Committee 1974! Charges were made 2 administrations concerned and NEVER ABOLISHED. “May be drawn into the fight trying to stop it” John McWethy. Taking over the Globe under the disguise of helping others tactics. An unwitting population targeted in advance! DARPA (trailing Science 50 yrs as new MKULTRA) Psyops deployed 50 yrs on civilians. ELECTRONIC WARFARE! http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=bb0_1180923539 Mc Wethy video

Larry Silverstein OWNER of 911 TOWER 7, set up in advance to get insurance and transmittedforced speech/DECISIONto “pull” to firefighters as if involved-NSA transmissions-SABOTAGED as Russell Tice Article “Is the NSA conducting war on Americans” (YES, tip of iceberg) 2006 and Media asked, why press didn’t pick it up other than NBC? Operation Mockingbird propaganda unwittingly, updated remote viewing and impairment mind control as misunderstandings.

Un-Covered documentary CONGRESS MARIONETTESnot READING info zapped, to invade Iraq.Mind controlled Out-Foxed video for years-media mockingbird unwittingly, UNREALIZED, updated! The joke culture, misfits in the pentagon cult of intelligence and a dysfunctional country! Allen Dulles 1957″ Berle wrote in his diary. “If the scientists do what they have laid out for themselves, men will become manageable ants.“Below www.mireilletorjman.com FULL disclosures.

Hadassah 90 Billions in Ponzi sabotage away from Jersusalem HOSP (Laser/vision) funding. Re-Distributing the WEALTH from Jews manipulating our economy further than Corporations. Always keeping their enemy close, destroying files & buildings. They took down the economy behind the scenes!

Alien UFO Hallucinations Scapegoating with LSD (that CIA brought in and sold to kids). Making Million off the Pharmaceutical (Rx) TAXES (as ALCOHOL INDUCED URGES), now being sued from synthetic side effects and transmitted Synthetic illnesses. After they mind controlled you and your teacher, professor to push prescriptions and the greed transmitted to make commercial on your drug inducement on Americans- VETS Agent Orange non-traceable! Military CANCER and Leukemia, lumps, to all under the disguise of microwaves cells… infiltrating crimes & wars! GROUND 0.

Playing GOD (Project Voice of GOD) & devil-The CIA Cult of Intelligence born with National Security Act in 1947, Weapons Stations need to be dismantled ASAP. Buzz in Pentagon“Synthetic Telepathy and Psychotronics” predicted in 1967 video instant communication in the news un-wit, after…

Public Speeches “Repeatedly staying the course” to brainwash invaded Countries with (excuses), GULF war, “The ENERGY will be just fine“, (Not at all)”we will help one soul at a time“. Hillary “I will not channel my husband” (as in ghost-like transmissions sabotaged Clinton… Rumsfeld: “There is what you know, you don’t know…..” “Didn’t mean to say that or that’s not what I meant”… Obama dividing the people to conquer with “They like to do that, one against the other” Called JACKETING in psyops. (Side effects of brainwash, and Mind Control conflictions). America; The Remote Cult of Intelligence!

SEARCH for MANCHURIAN ego state—such as an imaginary childhood playmate—and build it into a separate personality, unknown to the first. The hypnotist would communicate directly with this schizophrenic offshoot and command it to carry out specific deeds… kamikaze pilot. Manchurian crimes creating a subservient society was not out of sight- by mind control waves.” And worse.

GUANTANAMO scapegoats displays and focused on the wrong Weapons of mass destruction, brainwash and intelligence masterminded. (Nano thermal debris removed quickly). Cathy O’Brien, Book TRANCE-formation SSP impeding truth. Never getting to full truth—INNOCENT and display for false blame. TIME/DELAYS for false confession Brainwash out memory & PLANT new before public contacts.

How the CIA Missed Stalin’s Bomb, 1946-50-printed 2007 but updated 2008. —Remote Viewing and surveillance CANNOT prevent anything as London Subway Bombing-(Staged)!!! Water and Odd/even days Petrol, CIA sabotage since 70’s as drugs and crime all un-natural-inducing more plans for Florida.

Market inflations and real estate pricing and gouging was all induced from the mind on each individual and as a mass, and part of conspiracy agenda. Corrupting American Minds. And, the suicide??? of a Jewish CFO after 3 months as interim accountant atFANNIE MAE fraud.

Jewish Aaron Russo died of Cancer recently after going public that Rockefeller told him the only reason the WOMEN’S liberation was allowed to occur successfully was to COLLECT TAXES from them. They also manipulate couples lives as “The Firm” John Marks also wrote only the participant knows of this and is not only army. Invading Countries Under pretex of oil etc. for take over of humanity.

Did you know CIA operates on the ground wearing Yamacas & M.C. soldiers to frame Jews, destroying fruit trees and crops against the Torah scriptures +, as with our organic natural farms in the U.S. Why?

Did you know that the ISRAELI ART STUDENTS were framed and mind controlled where to live and accepted only in the areas to live as guided to set up and look involved? CONTRARY OF CIA GUILT CREATING DOUBT and so much more BEARING FALSE WITNESS from a neighbor, false memory, fake Gov’t help spinning their wheels. INTERNET & Google lawsuit, libraries, false accusations & false detainments? Capable and do manipulate all Internet remotely with passwords and minds from spying surveillance. As with False imprisoned masses. Sabotaged 911 Commission never to see the light, as 9 DOJ Attorneys asking questions-Fired at once when they could not be brainwashed to go along, and Generation GAPS again. (see Bay of Pigs framing College Students in air recommendations in 1959 etc)

Did you know Mind Controlled People and Media is set up with tricks of false thoughts transmitted during conversation and output of written documents to put a SPIN on JOURNALISTS & civilians thus unknowingly creating PROPAGANDA, until now covering their tracks with blatant lies from our government? Decades of news from misunderstanding mind games, disputes, & slanders. No one high enough Q clearance! The behavioral sciences (Modification). Nevertheless, the final result is not the whole story of the CIA’s attack on the mind. No one knows except the PARTICIPANT.

He called it “Pain-Drug-Hypnosis” and said it “is a vicious war weapon … The extensiveness of the use of this form of hypnotism in espionage work is now so widespread that it is long past the time when people should have become alarmed about it.” [p. 75] Report

Duplicitous-Framing ISRAEL & piggybacked shadowing to scapegoat and set up! See how CIA tab +. INJECTED IDEOLOGY covertly INFILTRATING WORSE OVER TIME TO CHUNK & ACCEPT. BRAINWASH society and worse yet if not stopped and reversed. AND everything is being mis-applied!

Israel, Seismic Energy to part sea & leave crevice, Israel small land & surrounded by 50 yrs of vast constant attacks, Israel has Palestinians who were EVICTED by their own people, Israel can’t have chicken or cow suffer with Kosher scriptures and suffering—2nd level shadow CIA proven Diabolical! STOP Shadow CIA attacks-50 yrs PRESS FANNING Anti-Semitism and spinning all 2nd level CIA, Goldstone Report and 911, SS liberty … dis-info, hallucinations, cognitive infiltrations, illusions, wearing Yamacas on the Ground in disguise, psyops on Israel and cover-ups. Catherine Fitts Whistleblower Cracks everywhere now. Leave Israel alone and we will have world peace! (Tice Article on SABOTAGE on all aspects of life.)

Inducing mind control on rioters coupled with funding them in Egypt to take them down WW3 as planned every time we invade a Country- see also George Green link video. 9/2010 Press release in SUPREME COURT below this one of ISRAEL whistleblowing CIA to take them down (1947 to current activities fanning opposites) as all our NEWS for decades by design. Information Warfare [1973].

DATA-MINING, why and SINCE 1973 FOIA includes genetics & 2nd Level CIA See Lt. Col Bearden slides and more of NEW frightening weapon the World has ever seen! RUSSIAN SCIENTIST SLIDE.

Mind Control-Directed Energy Weapons are responsible for MOST ILLNESSES,

Have you been mind controlled not to believe? Diabolical did not stop with what you already know today, that, I assure you, was the burned part. Targeted for 5 years, tortured, and attempts to recruit for the CIA, now trained in NLP and the software from NASA with Woodpecker Scalar Waves that reach Russia but SHIELDED. It is intercepted in our air space as all else. I am a witness in danger and need to come forward and be heard to WARN the grave dangers, cover ups and every excuse possible for doubt including medicinal, that are in manifest.

“It may have been the biggest story since the atom bomb. The headline, however, was small and ignored the larger issue. “Drug Tests by CIA Held More Extensive Then Reported in ’75,” said the New York Times on July 16, 1977. .”“Zombie is a quaint, old-fashioned folklore word but its meaning becomes obscene when our children’s minds are being controlled … [p.17][Note:1]

Ron Paul says: CIA runs Everything but this website content is HOW: SHADOW/2nd leveltook off (1973) one year prior Church Commission Report with psyop MHchaos-FOIA-NO WONDER BIG BROTHER has been into every ASPECT and PROFESSION of AMERICANS. Keeping enemies close. Picking up on everyone and their genetics and events or cults or investigation, TAMPERING with MINDS NOT JUST OUR CULTURE. Mistakes, Accidents, coincidences, your soul/ karma.

ELF directed energy weapon of mass…. Spread the word. We need a Revolution Abolish CIA 2nd level and NSAct. BP framed to cover up Gov’t Lab Venice FL RED TIDE-ELF infects since 1947 below Democracy NOW Air Force paralysis with a decision made one way or other. TRIED TO WARN CONGRESS in 2008 with dismissed manipulations, sabotage, and disbelief. 911 Kamikaze Pilots Mind Controlled robots on US Soil (Manchurians) suicide bombers as areGlobalists. Bohemian Grove culture burning babies etc…Our ENGINEERED CULTURE of INFILTRATIONS, COVER UPS and WHITEWASH (2008) The ROOT of ALL Problems, still in manifest! The Matrix began long ago and the spying is after the fact of CIA 2nd level-took off in 1973 one year prior. How you are letting mind control happen with brainwashing of disbelief… trickery of your will! Beliefs of their thoughts planted/transmitted as your own-daily manipulations.

The rest of the world didn’t askuntil 1976 the type of questions we were facing in 1965…. Everybody was afraid of building the supersoldier who would take orders without questioning, like the kamikaze pilot. 70’s Manchurian crimes Creating a subservient society was not out of sight”- by mind control.

FBI HOOVER “clandestine warfare avowed objective had been WORLD DOMINATION by whatever means and COST!” FBI DirectorJ. Edgar Hoover, who ordered FBI agents to “expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize” the activities of these movements and their leaders. Hoover disclosed how horrific these weapons were thus, hard to believe …”

INVENTING/INDUCING and APPLIED (NLP) Paranoid Schizophrenia, Moods, Mental BLOCKS, Grandeur Aggrandizement, etc. is only a thought from a trigger and anchors NSA CIA shadow transmissions, amplifications. Tavistock: Best kept secret in America and Gov’t RAND Corp primary function Brainwash -CIA NLP not Freudian mind control ills! AMA-Synthetic telepathy, false memory syndrome/ confession/ bearing false witness. Montauk Project (1943) A group which has as it’s prime goal the further acquisition of ever-greater raw, oppressive power over the actual lives of it’s own continued aggrandizement and enrichment at the expense not only of Earth’s people but most certainly of the planet itself and all its many life forms…Start of a LOCKED DOOR SOCIETY transmitted fears…

“Pretex for Tyranny” Gifford Shooting always a new law to infiltrate the whitewashing of The Constitution & Human Rights. FREEDOM! Gifford decoy/ EXPLOIT of Manchurian Synthetic ills and CRIMES- Surreptitious ASSASSINATION of a FEDERAL JUDGE by Manchurians crimes. Civil rights African crops and surreptitious cover up-CIA MASTERMINDS/CONTROL. Surveillance under the AUSPICES of and in disguise of existing remote viewing from Satellite Engineered a Human Matrix! Suggested Moods, pre-and post Manipulations.

Civil rights Africa… CIA MASTERMINDS of AGENDA too busy, to dismiss this, & sensory deprivation unrealized stress induced and another year goes by of 50 with unwitting cognitive infiltration un-wit in disconnects in White House to next calamity. IT’S not the PRESIDENT, it’s MIND CONTROL!

“Secrets are for a reason and secret abuses are impossible to correct unless you know they are going on. Knowing their plans before they are implemented to oppose before they occur. If they are exposed by the people already suffering by the abuse, then the abuse has already occurred and it is too late.”

M. Monroe mind control suicides…! Mind Control redistribution of wealth. [See Home Page]

“When even one American -who has done nothing wrong- is forced by fear to shut his mind and close his mouth, then all Americans are in peril. Harry S.Truman

JFK speechThe very word “secrecy” is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify it. Even today, there is little value in opposing the threat of a closed society by imitating its arbitrary restrictions. Even today, there is little value in insuring the survival of our nation if our traditions do not survive with it. And there is very grave danger that an announced need for increased security will be seized upon by those anxious to expand its meaning to the very limits of official censorship and concealment. That I do not intend to permit to the extent that it is in my control. And no official of my Administration, whether his rank is high or low, civilian or military, should interpret my words here tonight as an excuse to censor the news, to stifle dissent, to cover up our mistakes or to withhold from the press and the public the facts they deserve to know.”

PLANNED WARS TO INFILTRATE COMMUNISM! Dividing all to conquer! Brainwashing & WHITEWASHING HISTORY is underway! THE MOTHER OF ALL EVIL-CIA Technology Changing minds and hearts, including Presidents! And vice versa CONTROLLING MENTAL BLOCKS.

Disarming you-Gun Control, for a manipulated REVOLUTION hijacked passwords, www in the 90’s, 911, now Exec. Order 11005 take over waterways martial law Katrina Massacres, Plans, to HR 1955 reversed freedom of thought! Unwittingly infiltrating NLP tactics Psyops. OPPOSITES! Dr. Robert Becker was the major researcher and writer on health dangers from electromagnetic fields; he died a few months ago, in summer 2008 warned INDUCED ELF/EMF–disconnects in White House to next calamity.

JUDICIAL SYSTEM, AND SCHOOL BOOKS WITH FALSE MEDICINE and FALSE TESTS RESULTS and Engineered lives all from the mind! Voting, www. and all tests can and are tampered. Have you read “Lies the Government told you”? READ twice- Perceptions in AMERICA-LONDON Subway CIA- INSIDE JOB- Remote Viewing, Surveillance and Searches-STAGED!

John Marks-CIA BUILDING/Search MANCHURIANS since Hitler (who had electronic epilepsy himself) and MKULTRA on German Soldiers—-http://www.freedomwatch.org/ Our Soldier admits guilt to representation of TERRORISM.

Press release below June 2008 was impeded from going out in Boston. The sender reported Disappeared; “A growing number of Americans have reported symptoms that include but are not limited to severe physical trauma such as shocks, stings, burning, nausea, and sleep deprivation. Targeted individuals of domestic terrorism originate from many different backgrounds and are affected in a physical, psychological, social, and financial manner as a result of directed energy weapons assaults. “The average American would be astonished to learn the extent to which secret surveillance technology has advanced from remote viewing and manipulation; torture of the human mind and body horrendous abuses. Measures must be taken to free…”“The mind control examined in this book is the control of ONE individual’s mind by ANOTHER!” Guided, misled, by the public UNWITTINGLY used as pawns (jacketed) one against the other with everything the OPPOSITE, manipulated, and dysfunctional! (1973)

First. Then they came for the communists. I didn’t object bc I wasn’t a communist. Then they came for the trade-unionists. I didn’t object bc I wasn’t a trade-unionist. Then they came for the Jews. I didn’t object bc I wasn’t a Jew. Then they came for me and there was no one left to help me. “We must hang together or we will surely hang separately” …Ben Franklin

130 Facts and Examples, see induced ills; LIST on bottom left and (Pharma (Rx) Taxes; Tab)- Collectively by a Mind Control victim Expert Witness (NLP) Federal Whistleblower 1st hand, Warning “We the People” “Impeded, Gagged, tortured, squashed, disrupted, threatened, for 5 years, now being set up +. Never believe anything until it is officially denied”. Illusions scapegoating our Media after 50 yrs victims of created spin, dis-information WARFARE etc… by mind control UNREALIZED & cognitive impairment infiltrations on all people. “Why hasn’t the press–aside from MSNBC–-covered NSA Tice’s revelations! Or mine. Let the people decide; Millions would come forward. BREACHED contracts OVERSEAS SPYING to manipulate. Massive brainwash also in manifest! Another layer!

Dr. Robert O Becker was the major researcher and writer on health dangers from electromagnetic fields, he died a few months ago, in summer 2008 warned INDUCED ELF/EMF-“John Wayne and Susan Hayward died CANCER decades after movie and unexpecded wind shift and MONSETTO wind? FARMING cases!” ANY ADDICTION, and FRAMING Tobacco Co. Page 307/347 THE BODY ELECTRIC DoD!

Summary information: CIA brainwashing “We the People” for decades engineering our lives and culture unwittingly with mind and body control, corruptions to destroy humanity (jacketing) one against the other divide and conquer world Domination selecting who will live. Wake up America. Wake up Washington! The secret holocaust & WWIII in MANIFEST. Un-realized and programmed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeMZGGQ0ERk&feature=player_embeddedTHIS video is about the PROCESS. WASHINGTON will be shot after the CRISIS step 4 of mind control Brainwash over decades- slow kills… Do you believe a RUSSIAN or are you targeted? They always kill you when you are done serving. See below creating subservient civilians and torture goes on illegally anyway. Legalizing it is only for us civilians and what is coming (N.W.O. a silent holocaust) with no recourse or redress available on civil rights. Illusions, transmitted false thoughts, crimes infiltrated now Making it REAL. After 50 yrs of spy devices being installed and attached today overtly as all else shadowed.

The White Rose, was formed by students at the University of Munich in 1941 after serving the GERMAN ARMY, and executed by guillotine shouting “Long Live Freedom”-dropping leaflets in Revolution for SOCIAL JUSTICE… http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERwhiterose.htm

Number of American civilians who died worldwide in terrorist attacks last year: 8 – Minimum number who died after being struck by lightning: 29.” Spinning their wheels freeing 6,000 terrorists falsely accused, while assassinating who they really want, and BILLIONS a YEAR just to surveil us nefariously and worse agendas still, un-wit. mireilletorjman.blogspot.com

“Mind control planted ideas in advance as Hollywood and RUMORS of Bear Stearns, and Bay of Pigs starting them in advance including musicians. Playing psychics and mind games…”

See ending notes and JFK of this book and updated facts at http://www.mireilletorjman.com and the reasons why Helms ordered docs destroyed beyond experiments 1973 and against NSA Director of the Central Intelligence has the responsibility to protect from unauthorized disclosure pursuant to section 102 (d) (3) of the National Security Act of 1947.”

(Text Box comment Released by RareReactor) Office of Research and development

Author’s Note

This book has grown out of the 16,000 pages of documents that the CIA released to me under the Freedom of Information Act. Without these documents, the best investigative reporting in the world could not have produced a book, and the secrets of CIA mind-control work would have remained buried forever, as the men who knew them had always intended. From the documentary base, I was able to expand my knowledge through interviews and readings in the behavioral sciences. Nevertheless, the final result is not the whole story of the CIA’s attack on the mind. Only a few insiders could have written that, and they choose to remain silent. I have done the best I can to make the book as accurate as possible, but I have been hampered by the refusal of most of the principal characters to be interviewed and by the CIA’s destruction in 1973 of many of the key documents.

I want to extend special thanks to the congressional sponsors of the Freedom of Information Act. I would like to think that they had my kind of research in mind when they passed into law the idea that information about the government belongs to the people, not to the bureaucrats. I am also grateful to the CIA officials who made what must have been a rather unpleasant decision to release the documents and to those in the Agency who worked on the actual mechanics of release. From my point of view, the system has worked extremely well.

I must acknowledge that the system worked almost not at all during the first six months of my three-year

Freedom of Information struggle. Then in late 1975, Joseph Petrillo and Timothy Sullivan, two skilled and energetic lawyers with the firm of Fried, Frank, Shriver, Harris and Kampelman, entered the case. I had the distinct impression that the government attorneys took me much more seriously when my requests for documents started arriving on stationery with all those prominent partners at the top. An author should not need lawyers to write a book, but I would have had great difficulty without mine. I greatly appreciate their assistance.

What an author does need is editors, a publisher, researchers, consultants, and friends, and I have been

particularly blessed with good ones. My very dear friend Taylor Branch edited the book, and I continue to be impressed with his great skill in making my ideas and language coherent. Taylor has also served as my agent, and in this capacity, too, he has done me great service.

I had a wonderful research team, without which I never could have sifted through the masses of material

and run down leads in so many places. I thank them all, and I want to acknowledge their contributions. Diane St. Clair was the mainstay of the group. She put together a system for filing and cross-indexing that worked beyond all expectations. (Special thanks to Newsday’s Bob Greene, whose suggestions for organizing a large investigation came to us through the auspices of Investigative Reporters and Editors, Inc.) Not until a week before the book was finally finished did I fail to find a document which I needed; naturally, it was something I had misfiled myself. Diane also contributed greatly to the Cold War chapter. Richard Sokolow made similar contributions to the Mushroom and Safehouse chapters. His work was solid, and his energy boundless. Jay Peterzell delved deeply into Dr. Cameron’s “depatterning” work in Montreal and stayed with it when others might have quit. Jay also did first-rate studies of brainwashing and sensory deprivation. Jim Mintz and Ken Cummins provided excellent assistance in the early research stage. The Center for National Security Studies, under my good friend Robert Borosage, provided physical support and research aid, and I would like to express my appreciation. My thanks also to Morton Halperin who continued the support when he became director of the Center. I also appreciated the help of Penny Bevis, Hannah Delaney, Florence Oliver, Aldora Whitman, Nick Fiore, and Monica Andres.

My sister, Dr. Patricia Greenfield, did excellent work on the CIA’s interface with academia and on the

Personality Assessment System. I want to acknowledge her contribution to the book and express my thanks and love. There has been a whole galaxy of people who have provided specialized help, and I would like to thank them all: Jeff Kohan, Eddie Becker, Sam Zuckerman, Matthew Messelson, Julian Robinson, Milton Kline, Marty Lee, M. J. Conklin, Alan Scheflin, Bonnie Goldstein, Paul Avery,

I sent drafts of the first ten chapters to many of the people I interviewed (and several who refused to be

interviewed). My aim was to have them correct any inaccuracies or point out material taken out of context. The comments of those who responded aided me considerably in preparing the final book. My thanks for their assistance to Albert Hofmann, Telford Taylor, Leo Alexander, Walter Langer, John Stockwell, William Hood, Samuel Thompson, Sidney Cohen, Milton Greenblatt, Gordon Wasson, James Moore, Laurence Hinkle, Charles Osgood, John Gittinger (for Chapter 10 only), and all the others who asked not to be identified.

Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to my publisher, Times Books, and especially to my editor John J. Simon. John, Tom Lipscomb, Roger Jellinek, Gyorgyi Voros, and John Gallagher all believed in this book from the beginning and provided outstanding support. Thanks also go to Judith H. McQuown, who copyedited the manuscript, and Rosalyn T. Badalamenti, Times Books’ Production Editor, who oversaw the whole production process.

John Marks

Washington, D.C. October 26, 1978

PART I

ORIGINS OF MIND-CONTROL RESEARCH

World War II

On the outskirts of Basel, Switzerland, overlooking the Rhine, lies the worldwide headquarters of the Sandoz drug and chemical empire. There, on the afternoon of April 16, 1943, Dr. Albert Hofmann made an extraordinary discovery—by accident.

At 37, with close-cropped hair and rimless glasses, Hofmann headed the company’s research program to develop marketable drugs out of natural products. He was hard at work in his laboratory that warm April day when a wave of dizziness suddenly overcame him. The strange sensation was not unpleasant, and Hofmann felt almost as though he were drunk.

But he became quite restless. His nerves seemed to run off in different directions. The inebriation was

unlike anything he had ever known before. Leaving work early, Hofmann managed a wobbly bicycle-ride home. He lay down and closed his eyes, still unable to shake the dizziness. Now the light of day was disagreeably bright.

With the external world shut out, his mind raced along. He experienced what he would later describe as “an uninterrupted stream of fantastic images of extraordinary plasticity and vividness…. accompanied by an intense, kaleidoscope-like play of colors.”

These visions subsided after a few hours, and Hofmann, ever the inquiring scientist, set out to find

what caused them. He presumed he had somehow ingested one of the drugs with which he had been working that day, and his prime suspect was d-lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD, a substance that he himself had first produced in the same lab five years earlier. As part of his search for a circulation stimulant, Hofmann had been examining derivatives of ergot, a fungus that attacks rye.

Ergot had a mysterious, contradictory reputation. In China and some Arab countries, it was thought to have medicinal powers, but in Europe it was associated with the horrible malady from the Middle Ages called St. Anthony’s Fire, which struck periodically like the plague. The disease turned fingers and toes into blackened stumps and led to madness and death.

Hofmann guessed that he had absorbed some ergot derivative through his skin, perhaps while changing the filter paper in a suction bottle. To test his theory, he spent three days making up a fresh batch of LSD.

Cautiously he swallowed 250 micrograms (less than 1/100,000 of an ounce). Hofmann planned to take more gradually through the day to obtain a result, since no known drug had any effect on the human body in such infinitesimal amounts. He had no way of knowing that because of LSD’s potency, he had already taken several times what would later be termed an ordinary dose.

Unexpectedly, this first speck of LSD took hold after about 40 minutes, and Hofmann was off on the first self-induced “trip” of modern times.[1]

Hofmann recalls he felt “horrific… I was afraid. I feared I was becoming crazy. I had the idea I was out of my body. I thought I had died. I did not know how it would finish. If you know you will come back from this very strange world, only then can you enjoy it.” Of course, Hofmann had no way of knowing that he would return. While he had quickly recovered from his accidental trip three days earlier, he did not know how much LSD had caused it or whether the present dose was more than his body could detoxify. His mind kept veering off into an unknown dimension, but he was unable to appreciate much beyond his own terror.

Less than 200 miles from Hofmann’s laboratory, doctors connected to the S.S. and Gestapo were doing

experiments that led to the testing of mescaline (a drug which has many of the mind-changing qualities of LSD) on prisoners at Dachau. Germany’s secret policemen had the notion, completely alien to Hofmann, that they could use drugs like mescaline to bring unwilling people under their control. According to research team member Walter Neff, the goal of the Dachau experiments was “to eliminate the will of the person examined.” At Dachau, Nazis took the search for scientific knowledge of military value to its most awful extreme. There, in a closely guarded, fenced-off part of the camp, S.S. doctors studied such questions as the amount of time a downed airman could survive in the North Atlantic in February. Information of this sort was considered important to German security, since skilled pilots were

in relatively short supply. So, at Heinrich Himmler’s personal order, the doctors at Dachau simply sat by huge tubs of ice water with stopwatches and timed how long it took immersed prisoners to die. In other experiments, under the cover of “aviation medicine,” inmates were crushed to death in high-altitude pressure chambers (to learn how high pilots could safely fly), and prisoners were shot, so that special blood coagulants could be tested on their wounds. The mescaline tests at Dachau run by Dr. Kurt Plotner

were not nearly so lethal as the others in the “aviation” series, but the drug could still cause grave damage,

particularly to anyone who already had some degree of mental instability. The danger was increased by the fact that the mescaline was administered covertly by S.S. men who spiked the prisoners’ drinks. Unlike Dr. Hofmann, the subjects had no idea that a drug was causing their extreme disorientation. Many must have feared they had gone stark mad all on their own. Always, the subjects of these experiments were Jews, gypsies, Russians, and other groups on whose lives the Nazis placed little or no value. In no way were any of them true volunteers, although some may have come forward under the delusion that they would receive better treatment.

After the war, Neff told American investigators that the subjects showed a wide variety of reactions. Some became furious; others were melancholy or gay, as if they were drunk. Not surprisingly, “sentiments of hatred and revenge were exposed in every case.” Neff’ noted that the drug caused certain people to reveal their “most intimate secrets.” Still, the Germans were not ready to accept mescaline as a substitute for their more physical methods of interrogation. They went on to try hypnosis in combination with the drug, but they apparently never felt confident that they had found a way to assume command of their victim’s mind.

Even as the S.S. doctors were carrying on their experiments at Dachau, the Office of Strategic Services

(OSS), America’s wartime intelligence agency, set up a “truth drug” committee under Dr. Winfred Overholser, head of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in Washington. The committee quickly tried and rejected mescaline, several barbiturates, and scopolamine. Then, during the spring of 1943, the committee decided that Cannabis indica—or marijuana—showed the most promise, and it started a testing program in cooperation with the Manhattan Project, the TOP SECRET effort to build an atomic bomb.

It is not clear why OSS turned to the bomb makers for help, except that, as one former Project official puts it, “Our secret was so great, I guess we were safer than anyone else.” Apparently, top Project leaders, who went to incredible lengths to preserve security, saw no danger in trying out drugs on their personnel.

The Manhattan Project supplied the first dozen test subjects, who were asked to swallow a concentrated,

liquid form of marijuana that an American pharmaceutical company furnished in small glass vials. A Project man who was present recalls: “It didn’t work the way we wanted.

Apparently the human system would not take it all at once orally. The subjects would lean over and vomit.” What is more, they disclosed no secrets, and one subject wound up in the hospital.

Back to the drawing board went the OSS experts. They decided that the best way to administer the marijuana was inhalation of its fumes. Attempts were made to pour the solution on burning charcoal, and an OSS officer named George White (who had already succeeded in knocking himself out with an overdose of the relatively potent substance) tried out the vapor, without sufficient effect, at St. Elizabeth’s. Finally, the OSS group discovered a delivery system which had been known for years to jazz musicians and other users: the cigarette. OSS documents reported that smoking a mix of tobacco and the marijuana essence brought on a “state of irresponsibility, causing the subject to be loquacious and free in his impartation of information.” The first field test of these marijuana-laced cigarettes took place on May 27, 1943. The subject was one August Del Gracio, who was described in OSS documents as a “notorious New York gangster.”[2] George White, an Army captain who had come to OSS from the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, administered the drug by inviting Del Gracio up to his apartment for a smoke and a chat. White

had been talking to Del Gracio earlier about securing the Mafia’s cooperation to keep Axis agents out of the New York waterfront and to prepare the way for the invasion of Sicily.[3]

Del Gracio had already made it clear to White that he personally had taken part in killing informers who had squealed to the Feds. The gangster was as tough as they came, and if he could be induced to talk under the influence of a truth drug, certainly German prisoners could—or so the reasoning went. White plied him with cigarettes until “subject became high and extremely garrulous.” Over the next two hours, Del Gracio told the Federal agent about the ins and outs of the drug trade (revealing information so sensitive that the CIA deleted it from the OSS documents it released 34 years later). At one point in the conversation, after Del Gracio had begun to talk, the gangster told White, “Whatever you do, don’t ever use any of the stuff I’m telling you.” In a subsequent session, White packed the cigarettes with so much marijuana that Del Gracio became unconscious for about an hour. Yet, on the whole the experiment was

considered a success in “loosening the subject’s tongue.”

While members of the truth-drug committee never believed that the concentrated marijuana could compel a person to confess his deepest secrets, they authorized White to push ahead with the testing. On the next stage, he and a Manhattan Project counterintelligence man borrowed 15 to 18 thick dossiers from the FBI and went off to try the marijuana on suspected Communist soldiers stationed in military camps outside Atlanta, Memphis, and New Orleans. According to White’s Manhattan Project sidekick, a Harvard Law graduate and future judge, they worked out a standard interrogation technique: Before we went in, George and I would buy cigarettes, remove them from the bottom of the pack, use a hypodermic needle to put in the fluid, and leave the cigarettes in a shot glass to dry. Then, we resealed the pack…. We sat down with a particular soldier and tried to win his confidence. We would say something like “This is better than being overseas and getting shot at,” and we would try to break them. We started asking questions from their [FBI] folder, and we would let them see that we had the folder on them… We had a pitcher of ice water on the table, and we knew the drug had taken effect when they reached for a glass. The stuff actually worked…. Everyone but one—and he didn’t smoke—gave us more information than we had before.

The Manhattan Project lawyer remembers this swing through the South with George White as a “good time.” The two men ate in the best restaurants and took in all the sights. “George was quite a guy,” he says. “At the Roosevelt Hotel in New Orleans after we had interviewed our men, we were lying on the beds when George took out his pistol and shot his initials into the molding that ran along the ceiling. He used his.22 automatic, equipped with a silencer, and he emptied several clips.” Asked if he tried out the truth drug himself, the lawyer says, “Yes. The cigarettes gave you a feeling of walking a couple of feet off the floor. I had a pleasant sensation of well-being. … The fellows from my office wouldn’t take a cigarette from me for the rest of the war.”

Since World War II, the United States government, led by the Central Intelligence Agency, has searched secretly for ways to control human behavior. This book is about that search, which had its origins in World War II. The CIA programs were not only an extension of the OSS quest for a truth drug, but they also echoed such events as the Nazi experiments at Dachau and Albert Hofmann’s discovery of LSD.

By probing the inner reaches of consciousness, Hofmann’s research took him to the very frontiers of

knowledge. As never before in history, the warring powers sought ideas from scientists capable of reaching those frontiers—ideas that could make the difference between victory and defeat. While Hofmann himself remained aloof, in the Swiss tradition, other scientists, like Albert Einstein, helped turned the abstractions of the laboratory into incredibly destructive weapons. Jules Verne’s notions of spaceships touching the moon stopped being absurd when Wernher von Braun’s rockets started pounding London. With their creations, the scientists reached beyond the speculations of science fiction. Never

before had their discoveries been so breathtaking and so frightening. Albert Hofmann’s work touched upon the fantasies of the mind—accessible, in ancient legends, to witches and wizards who used spells and potions to bring people under their sway. In the early scientific age, the dream of controlling the brain took on a modern form in Mary Shelley’s creation, Dr. Frankenstein’s monster. The dream would be updated again during the Cold War era to become the Manchurian Candidate, the assassin whose mind

was controlled by a hostile government.[4] Who could say for certain that such a fantasy would not be turned into a reality like Verne’s rocket stories or Einstein’s calculations? And who should be surprised to learn that government agencies—specifically the CIA—would swoop down on Albert Hofmann’s lab in an effort to harness the power over the mind that LSD seemed to hold?

From the Dachau experiments came the cruelty that man was capable of heaping upon his fellows in the name of advancing science and helping his country gain advantage in war. To say that the Dachau experiments are object lessons of how far people can stretch ends to justify means is to belittle by cliché what occurred in the concentration camps. Nothing the CIA ever did in its postwar search for mind-control technology came close to the callous killing of the Nazi “aviation research.”

Nevertheless, in their attempts to find ways to manipulate people, Agency officials and their agents

crossed many of the same ethical barriers. They experimented with dangerous and unknown techniques

on people who had no idea what was happening. They systematically violated the free will and mental dignity of their subjects, and, like the Germans, they chose to victimize special groups of people whose existence they considered, out of prejudice and convenience, less worthy than their own. Wherever their extreme experiments went, the CIA sponsors picked for subjects their own equivalents of the Nazis’ Jews and gypsies: mental patients, prostitutes, foreigners, drug addicts, and prisoners, often from minority ethnic groups.

In the postwar era, American officials straddled the ethical and the cutthroat approaches to scientific

research. After an Allied tribunal had convicted the first echelon of surviving Nazi war criminals—the Görings and Speers—American prosecutors charged the Dachau doctors with “crimes against humanity” at a second Nuremberg trial. None of the German scientists expressed remorse. Most claimed that someone else had carried out the vilest experiments. All said that issues of moral and personal responsibility are moot in state-sponsored research. What is critical, testified Dr. Karl Brandt, Hitler’s personal physician, is “whether the experiment is important or unimportant.” Asked his attitude toward killing human beings in the course of medical research, Brandt replied, “Do you think that one can obtain any worthwhile fundamental results without a definite toll of lives?” The judges at Nuremberg rejected such defenses and put forth what came to be known as the Nuremberg Code on scientific research.[5] Its main points were simple: Researchers must obtain full voluntary consent from all

subjects; experiments should yield fruitful results for the good of society that can be obtained in no other way; researchers should not conduct tests where death or serious injury might occur, “except, perhaps” when the supervising doctors also serve as subjects. The judges— all Americans— sentenced seven of the Germans, including Dr. Brandt, to death by hanging. Nine others received long prison sentences. Thus, the U.S. government put its full moral force behind the idea that there were limits on what scientists could do to human subjects, even when a country’s security was thought to hang in the balance.

The Nuremberg Code has remained official American policy ever since 1946, but, even before the verdicts were in, special U.S. investigating teams were sifting through the experimental records at Dachau for information of military value. The report of one such team found that while part of the data was “inaccurate,” some of the conclusions, if confirmed, would be “an important complement to existing knowledge.” Military authorities sent the records, including a description of the mescaline and hypnosis experiments, back to the United States. None of the German mind-control research was ever made public.

Immediately after the war, large political currents began to shift in the world, as they always do. Allies

became enemies and enemies became allies. Other changes were fresh and yet old. In the United States, the new Cold War against communism carried with it a piercing sense of fear and a sweeping sense of mission—at least as far as American leaders were concerned. Out of these feelings and out of that overriding American faith in advancing technology came the CIA’s attempts to tame hostile minds and make spy fantasies real. Experiments went forward and the CIA’s scientists—bitten, sometimes obsessed—kept going back to their laboratories for one last adjustment. Some theories were crushed, while others emerged in unexpected ways that would have a greater impact outside the CIA than in the world of covert operations. Only one aspect remained constant during the quarter-century of active research: The CIA’s interest in controlling the human mind had to remain absolutely secret.

World War II provided more than the grand themes of the CIA’s behavioral programs. It also became the

formative life experience of the principal CIA officials and, indeed, of the CIA itself as an institution. The

secret derring-do of the OSS was new to the United States, and the ways of the OSS would grow into the ways of the CIA. OSS leaders would have their counterparts later in the Agency. CIA officials tended to have known the OSS men, to think like them, to copy their methods, and even, in some cases, to be the same people. When Agency officials wanted to launch their massive effort for mind control, for instance, they got out the old OSS documents and went about their goal in many of the same ways the OSS had. OSS leaders enlisted outside scientists; Agency officials also went to the most prestigious ones in academia and industry, soliciting aid for the good of the country. They even approached the same George White who had shot his initials in the hotel ceiling while on OSS assignment.

Years later, White’s escapades with OSS and CIA would carry with them a humor clearly unintended at the time. To those directly involved, influencing human behavior was a deadly serious business, but qualities like bumbling and pure craziness shine through in hindsight. In the CIA’s campaign, some of America’s most distinguished behavioral scientists would stick all kinds of drugs and wires into their experimental subjects—often dismissing the obviously harmful effects with theories reminiscent of the learned nineteenth-century physicians who bled their patients with leeches and belittled the ignorance of anyone who questioned the technique. If the schemes of these scientists to control the mind had met

with more success, they would be much less amusing. But so far, at least, the human spirit has apparently kept winning. That—if anything—is the saving grace of the mind-control campaign.

World War II signaled the end of American isolation and innocence, and the United States found it had a huge gap to close, with its enemies and allies alike, in applying underhanded tactics to war. Unlike Britain, which for hundreds of years had used covert operations to hold her empire together, the United States had no tradition of using subversion as a secret instrument of government policy. The Germans, the French, the Russians, and nearly everyone else had long been involved in this game, although no one seemed as good at it as the British.

Clandestine lobbying by British agents in the United States led directly to President Franklin Roosevelt’s

creation of the organization that became OSS in 1942. This was the first American agency set up to wage secret, unlimited war. Roosevelt placed it under the command of a Wall Street lawyer and World War I military hero, General William “Wild Bill” Donovan. A burly, vigorous Republican millionaire with great intellectual curiosity, Donovan started as White House intelligence adviser even before Pearl Harbor, and he had direct access to the President.

Learning at the feet of the British who made available their expertise, if not all their secrets, Donovan put together an organization where nothing had existed before. A Columbia College and Columbia Law

graduate himself, he tended to turn to the gentlemanly preserves of the Eastern establishment for recruits. (The initials OSS were said to stand for “Oh So Social.”) Friends—or friends of friends—could be trusted. “Old boys” were the stalwarts of the British secret service, and, as with most other aspects of OSS, the Americans followed suit.

One of Donovan’s new recruits was Richard Helms, a young newspaper executive then best known for having gained an interview with Adolf Hitler in 1936 while working for United Press. Having gone to Le Rosey, the same Swiss prep school as the Shah of Iran, and then on to clubby Williams College Helms moved easily among the young OSS men. He was already more taciturn than the jovial Donovan, but he was equally ambitious and skilled as a judge of character. For Helms, OSS spywork began a lifelong career. He would become the most important sponsor of mind-control research within the CIA, nurturing and promoting it throughout his steady climb to the top position in the Agency.

Like every major wartime official from President Roosevelt down, General Donovan believed that World War II was in large measure a battle of science and organization. The idea was to mobilize science for

defense, and the Roosevelt administration set up a costly, intertwining network of research programs to deal with everything from splitting the atom to preventing mental breakdowns in combat. Donovan named Boston industrialist Stanley Lovell to head OSS Research and Development and to be the secret agency’s liaison with the government scientific community.

A Cornell graduate and a self-described “saucepan chemist,” Lovell was a confident energetic man with a

particular knack for coming up with offbeat ideas and selling them to others Like most of his generation, he was an outspoken patriot. He wrote in his diary shortly after Pearl Harbor: “As James Hilton said, ‘Once at war, to reason is treason.’ My job is clear—to do all that is in me to help America.”

General Donovan minced no words in laying out what he expected of Lovell: “I need every subtle device and every underhanded trick to use against the Germans and Japanese—by our own people—but especially by the underground resistance programs in all the occupied countries. You’ll have to invent them all, Lovell, because you’re going to be my man.” Thus Lovell recalled his marching orders from Donovan, which he instantly received on being introduced to the blustery, hyperactive OSS chief. Lovell had never met anyone with Donovan’s personal magnetism.

Lovell quickly turned to some of the leading lights in the academic and private sectors. A special group— called Division 19—within James Conant’s National Defense Research Committee was set up to produce “miscellaneous weapons” for OSS and British intelligence. Lovell’s strategy, he later wrote, was “to stimulate the Peck’s Bad Boy beneath the surface of every American scientist and to say to him, ‘Throw all your normal law-abiding concepts out the window. Here’s a chance to raise merry hell.'”

Dr. George Kistiakowsky, the Harvard chemist who worked on explosives research during the war (and who became science adviser to Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy) remembers Stanley Lovell well: “Stan came to us and asked us to develop ways for camouflaging explosives which could be smuggled into enemy countries.” Kistiakowsky and an associate came up with a substance which was dubbed “Aunt Jemima” because it looked and tasted like pancake mix. Says Kistiakowsky: “You could bake bread or other things out of it. I personally took it to a high-level meeting at the War Department and ate cookies in front of all those characters to show them what a wonderful invention it was. All you had to do was attach a powerful detonator, and it exploded with the force of dynamite.” Thus disguised, “Aunt Jemima” could

be slipped into occupied lands. It was credited with blowing up at least one major bridge in China.

Lovell encouraged OSS behavioral scientists to find something that would offend Japanese cultural

sensibilities. His staff anthropologists reported back that nothing was so shameful to the Japanese soldier as his bowel movements. Lovell then had the chemists work up a skatole compound which duplicated the odor of diarrhea. It was loaded into collapsible tubes, flown to China, and distributed to children in enemy-occupied cities. When a Japanese officer appeared on a crowded street, the kids were encouraged to slip up behind him and squirt the liquid on the seat of his pants. Lovell named the product “Who? Me?” and he credited it with costing the Japanese “face.”

Unlike most weapons, “Who? Me?” was not designed to kill or maim. It was a “harassment substance” designed to lower the morale of individual Japanese. The inspiration came from academicians who tried to make a science of human behavior. During World War II, the behavioral

sciences were still very much in their infancy, but OSS— well before most of the outside world—recognized their potential in warfare. Psychology and psychiatry, sociology, and anthropology all seemed to offer insights that could be exploited to manipulate the enemy.

General Donovan himself believed that the techniques of psychoanalysis might be turned on Adolf Hitler to get a better idea of “the things that made him tick,” as Donovan put it. Donovan gave the job of being the Fuhrer’s analyst to Walter Langer, a Cambridge, Massachusetts psychoanalyst whose older brother William had taken leave from a chair of history at Harvard to head OSS Research and Analysis.[6] Langer protested that a study of Hitler based on available data would be highly uncertain and that conventional psychiatric and psychoanalytic methods could not be used without direct access to the patient. Donovan was not the sort to be deterred by such details. He told Langer to go ahead anyway.

With the help of a small research staff, Langer looked through everything he could find on Hitler and

interviewed a number of people who had know the German leader. Aware of the severe limitations on his

information, but left no choice by General Donovan, Langer plowed ahead and wrote up a final study. It pegged Hitler as a “neurotic psychopath” and proceeded to pick apart the Führer’s psyche. Langer, since retired to Florida, believes he came “pretty close” to describing the real Adolf Hitler. He is particularly proud of his predictions that the Nazi leader would become increasingly disturbed as Germany suffered more and more defeats and that he would commit suicide rather than face capture.

One reason for psychoanalyzing Hitler was to uncover vulnerabilities that could be covertly exploited. Stanley Lovell seized upon one of Langer’s ideas—that Hitler might have feminine tendencies—and got permission from the OSS hierarchy to see if he could push the Führer over the gender line.[7] “The hope was that his moustache would fall off and his voice become soprano,” Lovell wrote. Lovell used OSS’s agent network to try to slip female sex hormones into Hitler’s food, but nothing apparently came of it. Nor was there ever any payoff to other Lovell schemes to blind Hitler permanently with mustard gas or to use a drug to exacerbate his suspected epilepsy. The main problem in these operations—all of which were tried—was to get Hitler to take the medicine. Failure of the delivery schemes also kept Hitler alive—

OSS was simultaneously trying to poison him.[8]

Without question, murdering a man was a decisive way to influence his behavior, and OSS scientists developed an arsenal of chemical and biological poisons that included the incredibly potent botulinus toxin, whose delivery system was a gelatin capsule smaller than the head of a pin. Lovell and his associates also realized there were less drastic ways to manipulate an enemy’s behavior, and they came up with a line of products to cause sickness, itching, baldness, diarrhea, and/or the odor thereof. They had less success finding a drug to compel truth telling, but it was not for lack of trying.

Chemical and biological substances had been used in wartime long before OSS came on the scene. Both sides had used poison gas in World War I; during the early part of World War II, the Japanese had dropped deadly germs on China and caused epidemics; and throughout the war, the Allies and Axis powers alike had built up chemical and biological warfare (CBW) stockpiles, whose main function

turned out, in the end, to be deterring the other side. Military men tended to look on CBW as a way of destroying whole armies and even populations. Like the world’s other secret services, OSS individualized CBW and made it into a way of selectively but secretly embarrassing, disorienting, incapacitating, injuring, or killing an enemy.

As diversified as were Lovell’s scientific duties for OSS, they were narrow in comparison with those of his main counterpart in the CIA’s postwar mind-control program, Dr. Sidney Gottlieb. Gottlieb would preside over investigations that ranged from advanced research in amnesia by electroshock to dragnet searches through the jungles of Latin America for toxic leaves and barks. Fully in the tradition of making Hitler moustacheless, Gottlieb’s office would devise a scheme to make Fidel Castro’s beard fall out; like Lovell, Gottlieb would personally provide operators with deadly poisons to assassinate foreign leaders like the Congo’s Patrice Lumumba, and he would be equally at ease discussing possible applications of new research in neurology. On a much greater scale than Lovell’s, Gottlieb would track down every conceivable gimmick that might give one person leverage over another’s mind. Gottlieb would preside over arcane fields from handwriting analysis to stress creation, and he would rise through the Agency along with his bureaucratic patron, Richard Helms.

Early in the war, General Donovan got another idea from the British, whose psychologists and psychiatrists had devised a testing program to predict the performance of military officers. Donovan thought such a program might help OSS sort through the masses of recruits who were being rushed through training. To create an assessment system for Americans, Donovan called in Harvard psychology professor Henry “Harry” Murray. In 1938 Murray had written Explorations of Personality, a notable book which laid out a whole battery of tests that could be used to size up the personalities of individuals. “Spying is attractive to loonies,” states Murray. “Psychopaths, who are people who spend their lives making up stories, revel in the field.” The program’s prime objective, according to Murray, was keeping out the crazies, as well as the “sloths, irritants, bad actors, and free talkers.”

Always in a hurry, Donovan gave Murray and a distinguished group of colleagues only 15 days until the

first candidates arrived to be assessed. In the interim, they took over a spacious estate outside Washington as their headquarters. In a series of hurried meetings, they put together an assessment system that combined German and British methods with Murray’s earlier research. It tested a recruit’s ability to stand up under pressure, to be a leader, to hold liquor, to lie skillfully, and to read a person’s character by the nature of his clothing.

More than 30 years after the war, Murray remains modest in his claims for the assessment system, saying

that it was only an aid in weeding out the “horrors” among OSS candidates. Nevertheless, the secret agency’s leaders believed in its results, and Murray’s system became a fixture in OSS, testing Americans and foreign agents alike. Some of Murray’s young behavioral scientists, like John Gardner,[9] would go on to become prominent in public affairs, and, more importantly, the OSS assessment program would be recognized as a milestone in American psychology. It was the first systematic effort to evaluate an individual’s personality in order to predict his future behavior. After the war, personality assessment would become a new field in itself, and some of Murray’s assistants would go on to establish OSS-like systems at large corporations, starting with AT&T. They also would set up study programs at universities, beginning with the University of California at Berkeley.[10] As would happen repeatedly with the CIA’s mind-control research, OSS was years ahead of public developments in behavioral theory and application.

In the postwar years, Murray would be superseded by a young Oklahoma psychologist John Gittinger, who would rise in the CIA on the strength of his ideas about how to make a hard science out of personality assessment and how to use it to manipulate people. Gittinger would build an office within CIA that refined both Murray’s assessment function and Walter Langer’s indirect analysis of foreign leaders. Gittinger’s methods would become an integral part of everyday Agency operations, and he would become Sid Gottlieb’s protégé.

Stanley Lovell reasoned that a good way to kill Hitler—and the OSS man was always looking for ideas—would be to hypnotically control a German prisoner to hate the Gestapo and the Nazi regime and then to give the subject a hypnotic suggestion to assassinate the Führer. The OSS candidate would be let loose in Germany where he would take the desired action, “being under a compulsion that might not be denied,” as Lovell wrote.

Lovell sought advice on whether this scheme would work from New York psychiatrist Lawrence Kubie and from the famed Menninger brothers, Karl and William. The Menningers reported that the weight of the evidence showed hypnotism to be incapable of making people do anything that they would not otherwise do. Equally negative, Dr. Kubie added that if a German prisoner had a logical reason to kill Hitler or anyone else, he would not need hypnotism to motivate him.

Lovell and his coworkers apparently accepted this skeptical view of hypnosis, as did the overwhelming

majority of psychologists and psychiatrists in the country. At the time, hypnosis was considered a fringe activity, and there was little recognition of either its validity or its usefulness for any purpose—let alone covert operations. Yet there were a handful of serious experimenters in the field who believed in its military potential. The most vocal partisan of this view was the head of the Psychology Department at Colgate University, George “Esty” Estabrooks. Since the early 1930s, Estabrooks had periodically ventured out from his sleepy upstate campus to advise the military on applications of hypnotism.

Estabrooks acknowledged that hypnosis did not work on everyone and that only one person in five made a good enough subject to be placed in a deep trance, or state of somnambulism. He believed that only these subjects could be induced to such things against their apparent will as reveal secrets or commit crimes. He had watched respected members of the community make fools of themselves in the hands of stage hypnotists, and he had compelled his own students to reveal fraternity secrets and the details of private love affairs—all of which the subjects presumably did not want to do.

Still his experience was limited. Estabrooks realized that the only certain way to know whether a person would commit a crime like murder under hypnosis was to have the person kill someone. Unwilling to settle the issue on his own by trying the experiment, he felt that government sanction of the process would relieve the hypnotist of personal responsibility. “Any ‘accidents’ that might occur during the experiments will simply be charged to profit and loss,” he wrote, “a very trifling portion of that enormous wastage in human life which is part and parcel of war.”

After Pearl Harbor, Estabrooks offered his ideas to OSS, but they were not accepted by anyone in government willing to carry them to their logical conclusion. He was reduced to writing books about the potential use of hypnotism in warfare. Cassandra-like, he tried to warn America of the perils posed by hypnotic control. His 1945 novel, Death in the Mind, concerned a series of seemingly treasonable acts committed by Allied personnel: an American submarine captain torpedoes one of our own battleships, and the beautiful heroine starts acting in an irrational way which serves the enemy. After a perilous investigation, secret agent Johnny Evans learns that the Germans have been hypnotizing Allied personnel and conditioning them to obey Nazi commands. Evans and his cohorts, shaken by the many ways hypnotism can be used against them, set up elaborate countermeasures and then cannot resist going on the offensive. Objections are heard from the heroine, who by this time has been brutally and rather graphically tortured. She complains that “doing things to people’s minds” is “a loathsome way to fight.” Her qualms are brushed aside by Johnny Evans, her lover and boss. He sets off after the Germans—”to

tamper with their minds; Make them traitors; Make them work for us.”

In the aftermath of the war, as the U.S. national security apparatus was being constructed, the leaders of

the Central Intelligence Agency would adopt Johnny Evans’ mission—almost in those very words. Richard Helms, Sid Gottlieb, John Gittinger, George White, and many others would undertake a far-flung and complicated assault on the human mind. In hypnosis and many other fields, scientists even more eager than George Estabrooks would seek CIA approval for the kinds of experiments they would not dare perform on their own. Sometimes the Agency men concurred; on other occasions, they reserved such experiments for themselves. They would tamper with many minds and inevitably cause some to be damaged. In the end, they would minimize and hide their deeds, and they would live to see doubts raised about the health of their own minds.

Notes

The information on Albert Hofmann’s first LSD trip and background on LSD came from an interview by the author with Hofmann, a paper by Hofmann called “The Discovery of LSD and Subsequent investigations on Naturally Occurring Hallucinogens,” another interview with Hofmann by Michael Horowitz printed in the June 1976 High Times magazine, and from a CIA document on LSD produced by the Office of Scientific Intelligence, August 30, 1955, titled “The Strategic Medical Significance of LSD-25.” Information on the German mescaline and hypnosis experiments at Dachau came from “Technical Report no. 331-45, German Aviation Research at the Dachau Concentration Camp,” October, 1945, US Naval Technical Mission in Europe, found in the papers of Dr. Henry Beecher. Additional information came from Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuremberg Tribunal, the book Doctors of Infamy by Alexander Mitscherlich and Fred Mielke (New York: H. Schuman, 1949), interviews with prosecution team members Telford Taylor, Leo Alexander, and James McHaney, and an article by Dr. Leo Alexander, “Sociopsychologic Structure of the SS,” Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, May, 1948, Vol. 59, pp. 622-34.

The OSS experience in testing marijuana was described in interviews with several former Manhattan Project counterintelligence men, an OSS document dated June 21, 1943, Subject: Development of “truth drug,” given the CIA identification number A/B, I, 12/1; from document A/B, I, 64/34, undated, Subject: Memorandum Relative to the use of truth drug in interrogation; document dated June 2, 1943, Subject: Memorandum on T. D. A “confidential memorandum,” dated April 4, 1954, found in the papers of George White, also was helpful. The quote on US prisoners passing through Manchuria came from document 19, 18 June 1953, Subject: ARTICHOKE Conference.

The information on Stanley Lovell came from his book, Of Spies and Strategems (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:

Prentice-Hall, 1963), from interviews with his son Richard, a perusal of his remaining papers, interviews

with George Kistiakowsky and several OSS veterans, and from “Science in World War II, the Office of Scientific Research and Development” in Chemistry: A History of the Chemistry Components of the National Defense Research Committee, edited by W. A. Noyes, Jr. (Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1948).

Dr. Walter Langer provided information about his psychoanalytic portrait of Hitler, as did his book, The

Mind of Adolf Hitler (New York: Basic Books, 1972). Dr. Henry Murray also gave an interview, as did several OSS men who had been through his assessment course. Murray’s work is described at length in a book published after the war by the OSS Assessment staff, Assessment of Men (New York: Rinehart & Company, 1948).

Material on George Estabrooks came from his books, Hypnotism (New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1945) and Death in the Mind, co-authored with Richard Lockridge (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1945), and interviews with his daughter, Doreen Estabrooks Michl, former colleagues, and Dr. Milton Kline.

Footnotes

1. While Hofmann specifically used the word “trip” in a 1977 interview to describe his consciousness-altering experience, the word obviously had no such meaning in 1943 and is used here anachronistically.

2. Del Gracio’s name was deleted by the CIA from the OSS document that described the incident, but his identity was learned from the papers of George White, whose widow donated them to Foothills College in Los Altos, California. CIA officials cut virtually all the names from the roughly 16,000 pages of its own papers and the few score pages from OSS that it released to me under the Freedom of Information Act. However, as in this case, many of the names could be found through collateral sources.

3. Naval intelligence officers eventually made a deal in which mob leaders promised to cooperate, and as a direct result, New York Governor Thomas Dewey ordered Del Gracio’s chief, boss of bosses, Charles “Lucky” Luciano freed from jail in 1946.

4. The term “Manchurian Candidate” came into the language in 1959 when author Richard Condon made it the title of his best-selling novel that later became a popular movie starring Laurence Harvey and Frank Sinatra. The story was about a joint Soviet-Chinese plot to take an American soldier captured in Korea, condition him at a special brainwashing center located in Manchuria, and create a remote-controlled assassin who was supposed to kill the President of the United States. Condon consulted with a wide variety of experts while researching the book, and some inside sources may well have filled him in on the gist of a discussion that took place at a 1953 meeting at the CIA on behavior control. Said one participant, “… individuals who had come out of North Korea across the Soviet Union to freedom recently apparently had a blank period of disorientation while passing through a special zone in Manchuria.” The CIA and military men at this session promised to seek more information, but the matter never came up again in either the documents released by the Agency or in the interviews done for this book.

5. The Code was suggested in essentially its final form by prosecution team consultant, Dr. Leo Alexander, a Boston psychiatrist.

6. Four months before Pearl Harbor, Donovan had enlisted Walter Langer to put together a nationwide

network of analysts to study the morale of the country’s young men, who, it was widely feared, were not

enthusiastic about fighting a foreign war. Pearl Harbor seemed to solve this morale problem, but Langer stayed with Donovan as a part-time psychoanalytic consultant.

7. Langer wrote that Hitler was “masochistic in the extreme inasmuch as he derives sexual pleasure from

punishment inflicted on his own body. There is every reason to suppose that during his early years, instead of identifying himself with his father as most boys do, he identified with his mother. This was perhaps easier for him than for most boys since, as we have seen, there is a large feminine component in his physical makeup…. His extreme sentimentality, his emotionality, his occasional softness, and his weeping, even after he became Chancellor, may be regarded as manifestations of a fundamental pattern that undoubtedly had its origin in his relationship to his mother.”

8. Although historians have long known that OSS men had been in touch with the German officers who tried to assassinate Hitler in 1944, the fact that OSS independently was trying to murder him has eluded

scholars of the period. Stanley Lovell gave away the secret in his 1963 book, Of Spies and Strategems, but he used such casual and obscure words that the researchers apparently did not notice. Lovell wrote: “I supplied now and then a carbamate or other quietus medication, all to be injected into der Führer’s carrots, beets, or whatever.” A “quietus medicine” is a generic term for a lethal poison, of which carbamates are one type.

9. Gardner, a psychologist teaching at Mount Holyoke College, helped Murray set up the original program and went on to open the West Coast OSS assessment site at a converted beach club in San Juan Capistrano. After the war, he would become Secretary of HEW in the Johnson administration and founder of Common Cause.

10. Murray is not at all enthusiastic with the spinoffs. “Some of the things done with it turn your

stomach,” he declares.

CIA officials started preliminary work on drugs and hypnosis shortly after the Agency’s creation in 1947, but the behavior-control program did not really get going until the Hungarian government put Josef Cardinal Mindszenty on trial in 1949. With a glazed look in his eyes, Mindszenty confessed to crimes of treason he apparently did not commit. His performance recalled the Moscow purge trials of 1937 and 1938 at which tough and dedicated party apparatchiks had meekly pleaded guilty to long series of improbable offenses. These and a string of postwar trials in other Eastern European countries seemed staged, eerie, and unreal. CIA men felt they had to know how the Communists had rendered the defendants zombielike. In the Mindszenty case, a CIA Security Memorandum declared that “some unknown force” had controlled the Cardinal, and the memo speculated that the communist authorities had used hypnosis on him. In the summer of 1949, the Agency’s head of Scientific Intelligence made a special trip to Western Europe to find out more about what the Soviets were doing and “to apply special methods of interrogation for the purpose of evaluation of Russian practices.” In other words, fearful that the communists might have used drugs and hypnosis on prisoners, a senior CIA official used exactly the same techniques on refugees and returned prisoners from Eastern Europe. On returning to the United States, this official recommended two courses of action: first, that the Agency consider setting up an escape

operation to free Mindszenty; and second, that the CIA train and send to Europe a team skilled in special”

interrogation methods of the type he had tried out in Europe.

By the spring of 1950, several other CIA branches were contemplating the operational use of hypnosis. The Office of Security, whose main job was to protect Agency personnel and facilities from enemy penetration, moved to centralize all activity in this and other behavioral fields. The Security chief, Sheffield Edwards, a former army colonel who a decade later would personally handle joint CIA-Mafia operations, took the initiative by calling a meeting of all interested Agency parties and proposing that interrogation teams be formed under Security’s command. Security would use the teams to check out agents and defectors for the whole CIA. Each team would consist of a psychiatrist, a polygraph (lie detector) expert trained in hypnosis, and a technician. Edwards agreed not to use the teams operationally without the permission of a high-level committee. He called the project BLUEBIRD, a code name which, like all Agency names, had no significance except perhaps to the person who chose it. Edwards classified the program TOP SECRET and stressed the extraordinary need for secrecy. On April 20, 1950, CIA director Roscoe Hillenkoetter approved BLUEBIRD and authorized the use of unvouchered funds to pay for its most sensitive areas. The CIA’s behavior-control program now had a bureaucratic structure.

The chief of Scientific Intelligence attended the original BLUEBIRD meeting in Sheffield Edwards’ office

and assured those present that his office would keep trying to gather all possible data on foreign—

particularly Russian—efforts in the behavioral field. Not long afterward, his representative arranged to inspect the Nuremberg Tribunal records to see if they contained anything useful to BLUEBIRD. According to a CIA psychologist who looked over the German research, the Agency did not find much of specific help. “It was a real horror story, but we learned what human beings were capable of,” he recalls. “There were some experiments on pain, but they were so mixed up with sadism as not to be useful…. How the victim coped was very interesting.”

At the beginning, at least, there was cooperation between the scientists and the interrogators in the CIA.

Researchers from Security (who had no special expertise but who were experienced in police work) and researchers from Scientific Intelligence (who lacked operational background but who had academic training) pored jointly over all the open literature and secret reports. They quickly realized that the only way to build an effective defense against mind control was to understand its offensive possibilities. The line between offense and defense—if it ever existed—soon became so blurred as to be meaningless. Nearly every Agency document stressed goals like “controlling an individual to the point where he will do our bidding against his will and even against such fundamental laws of nature as self-preservation.” On reading one such memo, an Agency officer wrote to his boss: “If this is supposed to be covered up as a

defensive feasibility study, it’s pretty damn transparent.”

Three months after the Director approved BLUEBIRD, the first team traveled to Japan to try out behavioral techniques on human subjects—probably suspected double agents. The three men arrived in Tokyo in July 1950, about a month after the start of the Korean War. No one needed to impress upon them the importance of their mission. The Security Office ordered them to conceal their true purpose from even the U.S. military authorities with whom they worked in Japan, using the cover that they would be performing “intensive polygraph” work. In stifling, debilitating heat and humidity, they tried out combinations of the depressant sodium amytal with the stimulant benzedrine on each of four subjects,

the last two of whom also received a second stimulant, picrotoxin. They also tried to induce amnesia. The team considered the tests successful, but the CIA documents available on the trip give only the sketchiest outline of what happened.[1] Then around October 1950, the BLUEBIRD team used “advanced” techniques on 25 subjects, apparently North Korean prisoners of war.

By the end of that year, a Security operator, Morse Allen, had become the head of the BLUEBIRD program. Forty years old at the time, Allen had spent most of his earlier career rooting out the domestic communist threat, starting in the late 1930s when he had joined the Civil Service Commision and set up its first security files on communists. (“He knows their methods,” wrote a CIA colleague.) During World War II, Allen had served with Naval intelligence, first pursuing leftists in New York and then landing with the Marines on Okinawa. After the war, he went to the State Department, only to leave in the late 1940s because he felt the Department was whitewashing certain communist cases. He soon joined the

CIA’s Office of Security. A suspicious man by inclination and training, Allen took nothing at face value. Like all counterintelligence or security operators, his job was to show why things are not what they seem to be. He was always thinking ahead and behind, punching holes in surface realities. Allen had no academic training for behavioral research (although he did take a short course in hypnotism, a subject that fascinated him). He saw the BLUEBIRD job as one that called for studying every last method the communists might use against the United States and figuring out ways to counter them.

The CIA had schooled Morse Allen in one field which in the CIA’s early days became an important part of covert operations: the use of the polygraph. Probably more than any intelligence service in the world, the Agency developed the habit of strapping its foreign agents—and eventually, its own employees— into the “box.” The polygraph measures physiological changes that might show lying—heartbeat, blood pressure, perspiration, and the like. It has never been foolproof. In 1949 the Office of Security estimated that it worked successfully on seven out of eight cases, a very high fraction but not one high enough for those in search of certainty. A psychopathic liar, a hypnotized person, or a specially trained professional can “beat” the machine. Moreover, the skill of the person running the polygraph and asking the questions determines how well the device will work. “A good operator can make brilliant use of the polygraph

without plugging it in,” claims one veteran CIA case officer. Others maintain only somewhat less extravagantly that its chief value is to deter agents tempted to switch loyalties or reveal secrets. The power of the machine— real and imagined—to detect infidelity and dishonesty can be an intimidating factor.[2] Nevertheless, the polygraph cannot compel truth. Like Pinocchio’s nose, it only indicates lying. In addition, the machine requires enough physical control over the subject to strap him in. For years, the CIA tried to overcome this limitation by developing a “super” polygraph that could be aimed from afar or concealed in a chair. In this field, as in many others, no behavior control scheme was too farfetched to investigate, and Agency scientists did make some progress.

In December 1950, Morse Allen told his boss, Paul Gaynor, a retired brigadier general with a long

background in counterintelligence and interrogation that he had heard of experiments with an “electro-sleep” machine in a Richmond, Virginia hospital. Such an invention appealed to Allen because it supposedly put people to sleep without shock or convulsions. The BLUEBIRD team had been using drugs to bring on a state similar to a hypnotic trance, and Allen hoped this machine would allow an operator to put people into deep sleep without having to resort to chemicals. In theory, all an operator had to do was to attach the electrode-tipped wires to the subject’s head and let the machine do the rest. It cost about $250 and was about twice the size of a table-model dictating machine. “Although it would not be feasible to use it on any of our own people because there is at least a theoretical danger of temporary brain damage,” Morse Allen wrote, “it would possibly be of value in certain areas in connection with POW interrogation or on individuals of interest to this Agency.” The machine never worked well enough to get into the testing stage for the CIA.

At the end of 1951, Allen talked to a famed psychiatrist (whose name, like most of the others, the CIA has deleted from the documents released) about a gruesome but more practical technique. This psychiatrist, a cleared Agency consultant, reported that electroshock treatments could produce amnesia for varying lengths of time and that he had been able to obtain information from patients as they came out of the stupor that followed shock treatments. He also reported that a lower setting of the Reiter electroshock machine produced an “excruciating pain” that, while nontherapeutic, could be effective as “a third degree method” to make someone talk. Morse Allen asked if the psychiatrist had ever taken advantage of the “groggy” period that followed normal electroshock to gain hypnotic control of his patients. No, replied the psychiatrist, but he would try it in the near future and report back to the Agency. The psychiatrist also mentioned that continued electroshock treatments could gradually reduce a subject to the “vegetable level,” and that these treatments could not be detected unless the subject was given EEG tests within two weeks. At the end of a memo laying out this information, Allen noted that portable, battery-driven electroshock machines had come on the market.

Shortly after this Morse Allen report, the Office of Scientific Intelligence recommended that this same

psychiatrist be given $100,000 in research funds “to develop electric shock and hypnotic techniques.” While Allen thought this subject worth pursuing, he had some qualms about the ultimate application of the shock treatments: “The objections would, of course, apply to the use of electroshock if the end result was creation of a ‘vegetable.’ [I] believe that these techniques should not be considered except in gravest emergencies, and neutralization by confinement and/or removal from the area would be far more appropriate and certainly safer.”

In 1952 the Office of Scientific Intelligence proposed giving another private doctor $100,000 to

develop BLUEBIRD-related “neurosurgical techniques”— presumably lobotomy-connected.[3] Similarly, the Security office planned to use outside consultants to find out about such techniques as ultrasonics, vibrations, concussions, high and low pressure, the uses of various gases in airtight chambers, diet variations, caffeine, fatigue, radiation, heat and cold, and changing light. Agency officials looked into all these areas and many others. Some they studied intensively; others they merely discussed with consultants.

The BLUEBIRD mind-control program began when Stalin was still alive, when the memory of Hitler was fresh, and the terrifying prospect of global nuclear war was just sinking into popular consciousness. The Soviet Union had subjugated most of Eastern Europe, and a Communist party had taken control over the world’s most populous nation, China. War had broken out in Korea, and Senator Joseph McCarthy’s anti-Communist crusade was on the rise in the United States. In both foreign and domestic politics, the prevailing mood was one of fear even paranoia.

American officials have pointed to the Cold War atmosphere ever since as an excuse for crimes and

excesses committed then and afterward. One recurring litany in national security investigations has been the testimony of the exposed official citing Cold War hysteria to justify an act that he or she would not otherwise defend. The apprehensions of the Cold War do not provide a moral or legal shield for such acts, but they do help explain them. Even when the apprehensions were not well founded, they were no less real to the people involved.

It was also a time when the United States had achieved a new preeminence in the world. After World War

II, American officials wielded the kind of power that diplomats frequently dream of. They established new alliances, new rulers, and even new nations to suit their purposes. They dispensed guns, favors, and aid to scores of nations. Consequently, American officials were noticed, respected, and pampered wherever they went—as never before. Their new sense of importance and their Cold War fears often made a dangerous combination—it is a fact of human nature that anyone who is both puffed up and afraid is someone to watch out for.

In 1947 the National Security Act created not only the CIA but also the National Security Council—in sum, the command structure for the Cold War. Wartime OSS leaders like William Donovan and Allen Dulles lobbied feverishly for the Act. Officials within the new command structure soon put their fear and their grandiose notions to work. Reacting to the perceived threat, they adopted a ruthless and warlike posture toward anyone they considered an enemy—most especially the Soviet Union. They took it upon themselves to fight communism and things that might lead to communism everywhere in the world. Few citizens disagreed with them; they appeared to express the sentiments of most Americans in that era, but national security officials still preferred to act in secrecy. A secret study commission under former President Hoover captured the spirit of their call to clandestine warfare:

It is now clear we are facing an implacable enemy whose avowed objective is world domination by whatever means and at whatever cost. There are no rules in such a game. Hitherto acceptable long-standing American concepts of “fair play” must be reconsidered. We must develop effective espionage and counterespionage services and must learn to subvert, sabotage, and destroy our enemies by more clever, more sophisticated, and more effective methods than those used against us.

The men in the new CIA took this job quite seriously. “We felt we were the first line of defense in the anti-Communist crusade,” recalls Harry Rositzke, an early head of the Agency’s Soviet Division. “There was a clear and heady sense of mission—a sense of what a huge job this was.” Michael Burke, who was chief of CIA covert operations in Germany before going on to head the New York Yankees and Madison Square Garden, agrees: “It was riveting…. One was totally absorbed in something that has become misunderstood now, but the Cold War in those days was a very real thing with hundreds of thousands of

Soviet troops, tanks, and planes poised on the East German border, capable of moving to the English Channel in forty-eight hours.” Hugh Cunningham, an Agency official who stayed on for many years, remembers that survival itself was at stake, “What you were made to feel was that the country was in desperate peril and we had to do whatever it took to save it.”

BLUEBIRD and the CIA’s later mind-control programs sprang from such alarm. As a matter of course, the CIA was also required to learn the methods and intentions of all possible foes. “If the CIA had not tried to find out what the Russians were doing with mind-altering drugs in the early 1950s, I think the then-Director should have been fired,” says Ray Cline, a former Deputy Director of the Agency.

High Agency officials felt they had to know what the Russians were up to. Nevertheless, a careful reading of the contemporaneous CIA documents almost three decades later indicates that if the Russians were scoring breakthroughs in the behavior-control field—whose author they almost certainly were not—the CIA lacked intelligence to prove that. For example, a 1952 Security document, which admittedly had an ax to grind with the Office of Scientific Intelligence, called the data gathered on the Soviet programs “extremely poor.” The author noted that the Agency’s information was based on “second- or third-hand rumors, unsupported statements and non-factual data.”[4] Apparently, the fears and fantasies aroused by the Mindszenty trial and the subsequent Korean War “brainwashing” furor outstripped the facts on hand.

The prevalent CIA notion of a “mind-control gap” was as much of a myth as the later bomber and missile “gaps.” In any case, beyond the defensive curiosity, mind control took on a momentum of its own.

As unique and frightening as the Cold War was, it did not cause people working for the government to react much differently to each other or power than at other times in American history. Bureaucratic squabbling went on right through the most chilling years of the behavior-control program. No matter how alarmed CIA officials became over the Russian peril, they still managed to quarrel with their internal rivals over control of Agency funds and manpower. Between 1950 and 1952, responsibility for mind

control went from the Office of Security to the Scientific Intelligence unit back to Security again. In

the process, BLUEBIRD was rechristened ARTICHOKE. The bureaucratic wars were drawn-out affairs, baffling to outsiders; yet many of the crucial turns in behavioral research came out of essentially bureaucratic considerations on the part of the contending officials. In general, the Office of Security was full of pragmatists who were anxious to weed out communists (and homosexuals) everywhere. They believed the intellectuals from Scientific Intelligence had failed to produce “one new, usable paper, suggestion, drug, instrument, name of an individual, etc., etc.,” as one document puts it. The learned gentlemen from Scientific Intelligence felt that the former cops, military men, and investigators in Security lacked the technical background to handle so awesome a task as controlling the human mind.

“Jurisdictional conflict was constant in this area,” a Senate committee would state in 1976. A 1952 report to the chief of the CIA’s Medical Staff (itself a participant in the infighting) drew a harsher conclusion:

“There exists a glaring lack of cooperation among the various intra-Agency groups fostered by petty jealousies and personality differences that result in the retardation of the enhancing and advancing of the Agency as a body.” When Security took ARTICHOKE back from Scientific Intelligence in 1952, the victory lasted only two and one-half years before most of the behavioral work went to yet another CIA outfit, full of Ph.D.s with operational experience—the Technical Services Staff (TSS).[5]

There was bureaucratic warfare outside the CIA as well, although there were early gestures toward

interagency cooperation. In April 1951 the CIA Director approved liaison with Army, Navy, and Air Force intelligence to avoid duplication of effort. The Army and Navy were both looking for truth drugs, while the prime concern of the Air Force was interrogation techniques used on downed pilots. Representatives of each service attended regular meetings to discuss ARTICHOKE matters. The Agency also invited the FBI, but J. Edgar Hoover’s men stayed away.

During their brief period of cooperation, the military and the CIA also exchanged information with the

British and Canadian governments. At the first session in June 1951, the British representative announced at the outset that there had been nothing new in the interrogation business since the days of the Inquisition

and that there was little hope of achieving valuable results through research. He wanted to concentrate on

propaganda and political warfare as they applied to such threats as communist penetration of trade unions. The CIA’s minutes of the session record that this skeptical Englishman finally agreed to the importance of behavioral research, but one doubts the sincerity of this conversion. The minutes also record a consensus of “no conclusive evidence” that either Western countries or the Soviets had made any “revolutionary progress” in the field, and describe Soviet methods as “remarkably similar . . . to the age-old methods.” Nonetheless, the representatives of the three countries agreed to continue investigating behavior-control methods because of their importance to “cold war operations.” To what extent the British and Canadians continued cannot be told. The CIA did not stop until the 1970s.

Bureaucratic conflict was not the only aspect of ordinary government life that persisted through the Cold

War. Officials also maintained their normal awareness of the ethical and legal consequences of their decisions. Often they went through contorted rationalizations and took steps to protect themselves, but at least they recognized and paused over the various ethical lines before crossing them. It would be unfair to say that all moral awareness evaporated. Officials agonized over the consequences of their acts, and much of the bureaucratic record of behavior control is the history of officials dealing with moral conflicts as they arose. The Security office barely managed to recruit the team psychiatrist in time for the first mission to Japan, and for years, Agency officials had trouble attracting qualified medical men to the project. Speculating why, one Agency memo listed such reasons as the CIA’s comparatively low salaries for doctors and ARTICHOKE’s narrow professional scope, adding that a candidate’s “ethics might be such that he might not care to cooperate in certain more revolutionary phases of our project.” This consideration became explicit in Agency recruiting. During the talent search, another CIA memo stated hy

another doctor seemed suitable: “His ethics are such that he would be completely cooperative in any phase of our program, regardless of how revolutionary it may be.”

The matter was even more troublesome in the task of obtaining guinea pigs for mind-control experiments. “Our biggest current problem,” noted one CIA memo, “is to find suitable subjects.” The men from ARTICHOKE found their most convenient source among the flotsam and jetsam of the international spy trade: “individuals of dubious loyalty, suspected agents or plants, subjects having known reason for deception, etc.” as one Agency document described them. ARTICHOKE officials looked on these

people as “unique research material,” from whom meaningful secrets might be extracted while the

experiments went on.

It is fair to say that the CIA operators tended to put less value on the lives of these subjects than they

did on those of American college students, upon whom preliminary, more benign testing was done. They tailored the subjects to suit the ethical sensitivity of the experiment. A psychiatrist who worked on an ARTICHOKE team stresses that no one from the Agency wanted subjects to be hurt. Yet he and his colleagues were willing to treat dubious defectors and agents in a way which not only would be professionally unethical in the United States but also an indictable crime. In short, these subjects were, if not expendable, at least not particularly prized as human beings. As a CIA psychologist who worked for a decade in the behavior-control program, puts it, “One did not put a high premium on the civil rights of a person who was treasonable to his own country or who was operating effectively to destroy us.” Another ex-Agency psychologist observes that CIA operators did not have “a universal concept of mankind” and thus were willing to do things to foreigners that they would have been reluctant to try on Americans. “It was strictly a patriotic vision,” he says.

ARTICHOKE officials never seemed to be able to find enough subjects. The professional operators—particularly the traditionalists—were reluctant to turn over agents to the Security men with their unproved methods. The field men did not particularly want outsiders, such as the ARTICHOKE crew, getting mixed up in their operations. In the spy business, agents are very valuable property indeed, and operators tend to be very protective of them. Thus the ARTICHOKE teams were given mostly the dregs of the clandestine underworld to work on.

Inexorably, the ARTICHOKE men crossed the clear ethical lines. Morse Allen believed it proved little or

nothing to experiment on volunteers who gave their informed consent. For all their efforts to act naturally,

volunteers still knew they were playing in a make-believe game. Consciously or intuitively, they understood that no one would allow them to be harmed. Allen felt that only by testing subjects “for whom much is at stake (perhaps life and death),” as he wrote, could he get reliable results relevant to operations. In documents and conversation, Allen and his coworkers called such realistic tests “terminal experiments”—terminal in the sense that the experiment would be carried through to completion. It would not end when the subject felt like going home or when he or his best interest was about to be harmed. Indeed, the subject usually had no idea that he had ever been part of an experiment.

In every field of behavior control, academic researchers took the work only so far. From Morse Allen’s

perspective, somebody then had to do the terminal experiment to find out how well the technique worked in the real world: how drugs affected unwitting subjects, how massive electroshock influenced memory, how prolonged sensory deprivation disturbed the mind. By definition, terminal experiments went beyond conventional ethical and legal limits. The ultimate terminal experiments caused death, but ARTICHOKE sources state that those were forbidden.

For career CIA officials, exceeding these limits in the name of national security became part of the job,

although individual operators usually had personal lines they would not cross. Most academics wanted no part of the game at this stage—nor did Agency men always like having these outsiders around. If academic and medical consultants were brought along for the terminal phase, they usually did the work overseas, in secret. As Cornell Medical School’s famed neurologist Harold Wolff explained in a research proposal he made to the CIA, when any of the tests involved doing harm to the subjects, “We expect the Agency to make available suitable subjects and a proper place for the performance of the necessary experiments.” Any professional caught trying the kinds of things the Agency came to sponsor—holding subjects prisoner, shooting them full of unwanted drugs—probably would have been arrested for kidnapping or aggravated assault. Certainly such a researcher would have been disgraced among his peers. Yet, by performing the same experiment under the CIA’s banner, he had no worry from the law. His colleagues could not censure him because they had no idea what he was doing. And he could take pride in helping his country.

Without having been there in person, no one can know exactly what it felt like to take part in a terminal

experiment. In any case, the subjects probably do not have fond memories of the experience. While the

researchers sometimes resembled Alphonse and Gastone, they took themselves and their work very seriously. Now they are either dead, or, for their own reasons, they do not want to talk about the tests. Only in the following case have I been able to piece together anything approaching a firsthand account of a terminal experiment, and this one is quite mild compared to the others the ARTICHOKE men planned.

Cunningham, and several other ex-CIA men who asked to remain anonymous. The Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence (henceforth called the Church Committee Report) provided useful background.

1. For a better-documented case of narcotherapy and narcohypnosis, see Chapter 3.

2.While the regular polygraphing of CIA career employees apparently never has turned up a penetration

agent in the ranks, it almost certainly has a deterrent effect on those considering coming out of the homosexual closet or on those considering dipping into the large sums of cash dispensed from proverbial black bags.

3. Whether the Agency ultimately funded this or the electric-shock proposal cited above cannot be determined from the documents.

4. The CIA refused to supply either a briefing or additional material when I asked for more background on Soviet behavior-control programs.

writing, and weapons, has been called during its history the Technical Services Division and the Office of

Technical Services as well as TSS, the name which will be used throughout this book.

The Professor and the “A” Treatment The three men were all part of the same Navy team, traveling together to Germany. Their trip was so sensitive that they had been ordered to ignore each other, even as they waited in the terminal at Andrews Air Force Base outside Washington on a sweltering August morning in 1952. Just the month before, Gary Cooper had opened in High Noon, and the notion of showdown—whether with outlaws or communists—was in the air. With war still raging in Korea, security consciousness was high. Even so, the secrecy surrounding this Navy mission went well beyond ordinary TOP SECRET restrictions, for the team was slated to link up in Frankfurt with a contingent from the most hush-hush agency of all, the CIA. Then the combined group was going to perform dangerous experiments on human subjects. Both Navy and CIA officials believed that any disclosure about these tests would cause grave harm to the American national interest.

The Navy team sweated out a two-hour delay at Andrews before the four-engine military transport finally took off. Not until the plane touched down at the American field in the Azores did one of the group, a

representative of Naval intelligence, flash a prearranged signal indicating that they were not being watched and they could talk. “It was all this cloak-and-dagger crap,” recalls another participant, Dr. Samuel Thompson, a psychiatrist, physiologist, and pharmacologist who was also a Navy commander.

The third man in the party was G. Richard Wendt, chairman of the Psychology Department at the University of Rochester and a part-time Navy contractor. A small 46yearold man with graying blond hair and a fair-sized paunch, Wendt had been the only one with companionship during the hours of decreed silence. He had brought along his attractive young assistant, ostensibly to help him with the experiments. She was not well received by the Navy men, nor would she be appreciated by the CIA operators in Frankfurt. The behavior-control field was very much a man’s world, except when women subjects were

used. The professor’s relationship with this particular lady was destined to become a source of friction with his fellow experimenters, and, eventually, a topic of official CIA reporting.

In theory, Professor Wendt worked under Dr. Thompson’s supervision in a highly classified Navy

program called Project CHATTER, but the strong-minded psychologist did not take anyone’s orders easily. Very much an independent spirit, Wendt ironically, had accepted CHATTER’s goal of weakening, if not eliminating, free will in others. The Navy program, which had started in 1947, was aimed at developing a truth drug that would force people to reveal their innermost secrets.

Thompson, who inherited Wendt and CHATTER in 1951 when he became head of psychiatric research at the Naval Medical Research Institute, remembers Naval intelligence telling him of the need for a truth drug in case “someone planted an A-bomb in one of our cities and we had twelve hours to find out from a person where it was. What could we do to make him talk?” Thompson concedes he was always “negative” about the possibility that such a drug could ever exist, but he cites the fear that the Russians might develop their own miracle potion as reason enough to justify the program. Also, Thompson and the other U.S. officials could not resist looking for a pill or panacea that would somehow make their side all-knowing or all-powerful.

Professor Wendt had experimented with drugs for the Navy before he became involved in the search for a truth serum. His earlier work had been on the use of Dramamine and other methods to prevent motion sickness, and now that he was doing more sensitive research, the Navy hid it under the cover of continuing his “motion sickness” study. At the end of 1950, the Navy gave Wendt a $300,000 contract to study such substances as barbiturates, amphetamines, alcohol, and heroin. To preserve secrecy, which often reached fetish proportions in mind-control research, the money flowed to him not through Navy

channels but out of the Secretary of Defense’s contingency fund. For those drugs that were not available

from pharmaceutical companies, Navy officials went to the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. The commissioner of Narcotics personally signed the papers, and special couriers carried pouches of illegal drugs through Washington streets and then up to the professor at Rochester. Receipts show that the Bureau sent the Navy 30 grams of pure heroin and 11 pounds of “Mexican grown” marijuana, among other drugs.

Like most serious drug researchers, Wendt sampled everything first before testing on assistants and

students. The drug that took up the most space in his first progress report was heroin. He had became his own prime subject. At weekly intervals, he told the Navy, the psychologist gave himself heroin injections and then wrote down his reactions as he moved through the “full range” of his life: driving, shopping, recreation, manual work, family relations, and sexual activity. He noted in himself “slight euphoria . . . heightened aesthetic appreciation . . . absentminded behavior . . . lack of desire to operate at full speed . . . lack of desire for alcohol . . . possibly reduced sex interest . . . feeling of physical well-being.” He concluded in his report that heroin could have “some, but slight value for interrogation” if used on someone “worked on for a long period of time.”[1]

Wendt never had any trouble getting student volunteers. He simply posted a notice on a campus

bulletin board, and he wound up with a long waiting list. He chose only men subjects over 21, and he paid everyone accepted after a long interview $1.00 an hour. With so much government money to spend, he hired over 20 staff assistants, and he built a whole new testing facility in the attic of the school library. Wendt was cautious with his students, and he apparently did not share the hard drugs with them. He usually tested subjects in small groups—four to eight at a time. He and his associates watched through a two-way mirror and wrote down the subjects’ reactions. He always used both placebos (inert substances) and drugs; the students never knew what—if anything—they were taking. According to Dr. Thompson, to have alerted them in advance and thus given themselves a chance to steel themselves up “would have spoiled the experiment.”

Nonetheless, Wendt’s procedure was a far cry from true unwitting testing. Any drug that was powerful enough to break through an enemy’s resistance could have a traumatic effect on the person taking it—particularly if the subject was totally unaware of what was happening. The Navy research plan was to do preliminary studies on subjects like Wendt’s students, and then, as soon as the drug showed promise, to try it under field conditions. Under normal scientific research, the operational tests would not have been run before the basic work was finished. But the Navy could not wait. The drugs were to be tested on involuntary subjects. Thompson readily admits that this procedure was “unethical,” but he says, “We felt we had to do it for the good of country.”

During the summer of 1952, Professor Wendt announced that he had found a concoction “so special” that it would be “the answer” to the truth-drug problem, as Thompson recalls it. “I thought it would be a good idea to call the Agency,” says Thompson. “I thought they might have someone with something to spill.” Wendt was adamant on one point: He would not tell anyone in the Navy or the CIA what his potion contained. He would only demonstrate. Neither the CHATTER nor ARTICHOKE teams could resist the

bait. The Navy had no source of subjects for terminal experiments, but the CIA men agreed to furnish the human beings—in Germany—even though they had no idea what Wendt had in store for his guinea pigs. The CIA named the operation CASTIGATE.

After settling into a Frankfurt hotel, Wendt, Thompson, and the Naval Intelligence man set out to meet

the ARTICHOKE crew at the local CIA headquarters. It was located in the huge, elongated building that had housed the I. G. Farben industrial complex until the end of the war. The frantic bustle of a U.S. military installation provided ideal cover for this CIA base, and the arrival of a few new Americans attracted no special attention. The Navy group passed quickly through the lobby and rode up the elevator. At the CIA outer office, the team members had to show identification, and Thompson says they were frisked. The Naval Intelligence man had to check his revolver.

A secretary ushered the Navy group in to meet the ARTICHOKE contingent, which had arrived earlier from Washington. The party included team leader Morse Allen, his boss in the Office of Security, Paul Gaynor, and a prominent Washington psychiatrist who regularly left his private practice to fly off on special missions for the Agency. Also present were case officers from the CIA’s Frankfurt base who had taken care of the support arrangements—the most important of which was supplying the subjects.

Everyone at the meeting wanted to know what drugs Wendt was going to use on the five selected subjects, who included one known double agent, one suspected double, and the three defectors. The professor still was not talking. Dr. Thompson asked what would happen if something went wrong and the subject died. He recalls one of the Frankfurt CIA men replying, “Disposal of the body would be no problem.”

After the session ended, Thompson took Wendt aside and pointed out that since the professor, unlike

Thompson, was neither a psychiatrist nor a pharmacologist, he was acting irresponsibly in not having

a qualified physician standing by with antidotes in case of trouble. Wendt finally relented and confided in

Thompson that he was going to slip the subjects a combination of the depressant Seconal, the stimulant

Dexedrine, and tetrahydrocannabinol, the active ingredient in marijuana. Thompson was dumbfounded. He remembers wanting to shoot Wendt on the spot. These were all well-known drugs that had been thoroughly tested. Indeed, even the idea of mixing Seconal and Dexedrine was not original: The combined drug already had its own brand name—Dexamyl (and it would eventually have a street name,

“the goofball”). Thompson quickly passed on to the CIA men what Wendt had in mind.[2] They, too, were more than a little disappointed. Nevertheless, there was never any thought of stopping the experiments. The ARTICHOKE team had its own methods to try, even if Wendt’s proved a failure, and the whole affair had developed its own momentum. Since this was one of the early ARTICHOKE trips into the field, the team was still working to perfect the logistics of testing. It had reserved two CIA “safehouses” in the countryside not far from Frankfurt, and Americans had been assigned to guard

the experimental sites. Agency managers had already completed the paperwork for the installation of hidden microphones and two-way mirrors, so all the team members could monitor the interrogations.

The first safehouse proved to be a solid old farmhouse set picturesquely in the middle of green

fields, far from the nearest dwelling. The ARTICHOKE and CHATTER groups drove up just as the CIA’s carpenters were cleaning up the mess they had made in ripping a hole through the building’s thick walls. The house had existed for several hundred years without an observation glass peering in on the sitting room, and it had put up some structural resistance to the workmen.

Subject #1 arrived in the early afternoon, delivered in a CIA sedan by armed operators, who had and cuffed him, shackled his feet, and made him lie down on the floor of the back seat. Agency officials described him as a suspected Russian agent, about 40 years old, who had a “Don Juan complex.” One can only imagine how the subject must have reacted to these rather inconsistent Americans who only a few hours earlier had literally grabbed him out of confinement, harshly bound him, and sat more or less on top of him as they wandered through idyllic German farm country, and who now were telling him to

relax as they engaged him in friendly conversation and offered him a beer. He had no way of knowing that it would be the last unspiked drink he would have for quite some time.

On the following morning, the testing started in earnest. Wendt put 20 mg. of Seconal in the subject’s

breakfast and then followed up with 50 mg. of Dexedrine in each of his two morning cups of coffee. Wendt gave him a second dose of Seconal in his luncheon beer. The subject was obviously not his normal self—whatever that was. What was clear was that Wendt was in way over his head, and even the little professor seemed to realize it. “I don’t know how to deal with these people,” he told the CIA psychiatric consultant. Wendt flatly refused to examine the subject, leaving the interrogation to the consultant. For his part, the consultant had little success in extracting information not already known to the CIA.

The third day was more of the same: Seconal with breakfast, Dexedrine and marijuana in a glass of water

afterwards. The only break from the previous day’s routine came at 10:10 A.M. when the subject was allowed to play a short poker game. Then he was given more of Wendt’s drugs in two red capsules that were, he was told, “a prescription for his nerves.” By 2:40 P.M., Wendt declared that this subject was not the right personality type for his treatment. He explained to his disgusted colleagues that if someone is determined to lie, these drugs will only make him a better liar. He said that the marijuana extract produced a feeling of not wanting to hold anything back and that it worked best on people who wanted to tell the truth but were afraid to. OSS had discovered the same thing almost a decade earlier.

Wendt retired temporarily from the scene, and the others concluded it would be a shame to waste a good

subject. They decided to give him the “A” (for ARTICHOKE) treatment. This, too, was not very original. It had been used during the war to interrogate prisoners and treat shell-shocked soldiers. As practiced on the suspected Russian agent, it consisted of injecting enough sodium pentothal into the vein of his arm to knock him out and then, twenty minutes later, stimulating him back to semiconsciousness with a shot of Benzedrine. In this case, the benzedrine did not revive the subject enough to suit the psychiatric consultant and he told Dr. Thompson to give the subject another 10 mg. ten minutes later. This put the subject into a state somewhere between waking and sleeping—almost comatose and yet bug-eyed. In hypnotic tones that had to be translated into Russian by an interpreter, the consultant used the technique of “regression” to convince the subject he was talking to his wife Eva at some earlier time in his life. This was no easy trick, since a male interpreter was playing Eva. Nevertheless, the consultant states he could “create any fantasy” with 60 to 70 percent of his patients, using narcotherapy (as in this case) or hypnosis. For roughly an hour, the subject seemed to have no idea he was not speaking with his wife but with CIA operatives trying to find out about his relationship with Soviet intelligence. When the subject started to doze, the consultant had Thompson give him a doubled jolt of Benzedrine. A half hour later, the subject began to weep violently. The consultant decided to end the session, and in his most soothing voice, he urged the subject to fall asleep. As the subject calmed down, the consultant suggested, with

friendly and soothing words, that the subject would remember nothing of the experience when he woke up.

Inducing amnesia was an important Agency goal. “From the ARTICHOKE point of view,” states a 1952 document, “the greater the amnesia produced, the more effective the results.” Obviously if a victim remembered the “A” treatment, it would stop being a closely guarded ARTICHOKE secret. Presumably, some subject who really did work for the Russians would tell them how the Americans had worked him over. This reality made “disposal” of ARTICHOKE subjects a particular problem. Killing them seems to have been ruled out, but Agency officials made sure that some stayed in foreign prisons for long periods of time. While in numerous specific cases, ARTICHOKE team members claimed success in making their subjects forget, their outside consultants had told them “that short of cutting a subject’s throat, a true amnesia cannot be guaranteed.” As early as 1950, the Agency had put out a contract to a private researcher to find a memory-destroying drug, but to no apparent avail.[3] In any case, it would be unreasonable to assume that over the years at least one ARTICHOKE subject did not shake off the amnesic commands and tell the Russians what happened to him. As was so often the case with CIA operations, the enemy probably had a much better idea of the Agency’s activities than the folks back home.

Back at the safehouse, Wendt was far from through. Four more subjects would be brought to him. The next one was an alleged double agent whom the CIA had code-named EXPLOSIVE. Agency documents describe him as a Russian “professional agent type” and “a hard-boiled individual who apparently has the ability to lie consistently but not very effectively.” He was no stranger to ARTICHOKE team members who, a few months before, had plied him with a mixture of drugs and hypnosis under the cover of a “psychiatric-medical” exam. At that time, a professional hypnotist had accompanied the team, and he had given his commands through an elaborate intercom system to an interpreter who, in turn, was apparently able to put EXPLOSIVE under.[4] Afterward, the team reported to the CIA’s Director that EXPLOSIVE had revealed “extremely valuable” information and that he had been made to forget his interrogation through a hypnotically induced amnesia. Since that time EXPLOSIVE had been kept in custody. Now

he was being brought out to give Professor Wendt a crack at him with the Seconal-Dexedrine-marijuana combination.

This time, Wendt gave the subject all three drugs together in one beer, delivered at the cocktail hour.

Next came Seconal in a dinner beer and then all three once more in a postprandial beer. There were little, if any, positive results. Wendt ended the session after midnight and commented, “At least we learned one thing from this experiment. The people you have to deal with here are different from American college students.”

During the next week, the CIA men brought Wendt three more subjects, with little success. The general attitude toward Wendt became, in Thompson’s words, “hostile as all hell.” Both the Agency and the Navy groups questioned his competence. With one subject, the professor declared he had given too strong a dose; with the next, too weak. While he had advertised his drugs as tasteless, the subjects realized they had swallowed something. As one subject in the next room was being interrogated in Russian that no one was bothering to translate, Wendt took to playing the same pattern on the piano over and over for a half hour. While the final subject was being questioned, Wendt and his female assistant got a little tipsy on beer. Wendt became so distracted during this experiment that he finally admitted, “My thoughts are

elsewhere.” His assistant began to giggle. Her presence had become like an open sore—which was made more painful when Mrs. Wendt showed up in Frankfurt and the professor threatened to jump off a church tower, Thompson recalls.

Wendt is not alive to give his version of what happened, but both CIA and Navy sources are consistent in

their description of him. ARTICHOKE team leader Morse Allen felt he had been the victim of “a fraud or at least a gross misinterpretation,” and he described the trip as “a waste of time and money.” A man who usually hid his feelings, Allen became livid when Wendt’s assistant measured drugs out with a penknife. He recommended in his final report that those who develop drugs not be allowed to participate in future field testing. “This, of course, does not mean that experimental work is condemned by the ARTICHOKE team,” he wrote, “but a common sense approach in this direction will preclude arguments, alibis, and

complaints as in the recent situation.” In keeping with this “common sense approach,” he also recommended that as “an absolute rule,” no women be allowed on ARTICHOKE missions—because of the possible danger and because “personal convenience, toilet facilities, etc., are complicated by the presence of women.”

Morse Allen and his ARTICHOKE mates returned to the States still convinced that they could find ways to control human behavior, but the Navy men were shaken. Their primary contractor had turned out to be a tremendous embarrassment. Dr. Thompson stated he could never work with Wendt again. Navy officials soon summoned Wendt to Bethesda and told him they were canceling their support for his research. Adding insult to injury, they told him they expected refund of all unspent money. While the Navy managers made some effort to continue CHATTER at other institutions, the program never recovered from the Wendt fiasco. By the end of the next year, 1953, the Korean War had ended and the Navy abandoned CHATTER altogether.

Over the next two decades, the Navy would still sponsor large amounts of specialized behavioral research, and the Army would invest huge sums in schemes to incapacitate whole armies with powerful drugs. But the CIA clearly pulled far into the lead in mind control. In those areas in which military research continued, the Agency stayed way ahead. The CIA consistently was out on what was called the “cutting edge” of the research, sponsoring the lion’s share of the most harrowing experiments. ARTICHOKE and its successor CIA programs became an enormous effort that harnessed the energies of hundreds of scientists.

The experience of the CIA psychiatric consultant provides a small personal glimpse of how it felt to be a

soldier in the mind-control campaign. This psychiatrist, who insists on anonymity, estimates that he made between 125 and 150 trips overseas on Agency operations from 1952 through his retirement in 1966. “To be a psychiatrist chasing off to Europe instead of just seeing the same patients year after year, that was extraordinary,” he reminisces. “I wish I was back in those days. I never got tired of it.” He says his assignments called for “practicing psychiatry in an ideal way, which meant you didn’t become involved with your patients. You weren’t supposed to.” Asked how he felt about using drugs on unwitting foreigners, he snaps, “Depends which side you were on. I never hurt anyone. . . . We were at war.”

For the most part, the psychiatrist stopped giving the “A” treatment after the mid-1950s but he continued to use his professional skills to assess and manipulate agents and defectors. His job was to help find out if a subject was under another country’s control and to recommend how the person could be switched to the CIA’s. In this work, he was contributing to the mainstream of CIA activity that permeates its institutional existence from its operations to its internal politics to its social life: the notion of controlling people. Finding reliable ways to do that is a primary CIA goal, and the business is often a brutal one. As former CIA Director Richard Helms stated in Senate testimony, “The clandestine operator . . . is trained to believe you can’t count on the honesty of your agent to do exactly what you want or to report accurately unless you own him body and soul.”

Like all the world’s secret services, the CIA sought to find the best methods of owning people and making sure they stayed owned. How could an operator be sure of an agent’s loyalties? Refugees and defectors were flooding Western Europe, and the CIA wanted to exploit them. Which ones were telling the truth? Who was a deception agent or a provocateur. The Anglo-American secret invasion of Albania had failed miserably. Had they been betrayed?[5] Whom could the CIA trust?

One way to try to answer these questions is to use physical duress—or torture. Aside from its ethical

drawbacks, however, physical brutality simply does not work very well. As a senior counterintelligence official explains, “If you have a blowtorch up someone’s ass, he’ll give you tactical information.” Yet he will not be willing or able to play the modern espionage game on the level desired by the CIA. One Agency document excludes the use of torture “because such inhuman treatment is not only out of keeping with the traditions of this country, but of dubious effectiveness as compared with various supplemental psychoanalytical techniques.”

The second and most popular method to get answers is traditional spy tradecraft. Given enough time, a good interrogator can very often find out a person’s secrets. He applies persuasion and mental seduction, mixed with psychological pressures of every description—emotional carrots and sticks. A successful covert operator uses the same sorts of techniques in recruiting agents and making sure they stay in line. While the rest of the population may dabble in this sort of manipulation, the professional operator does it for a living, and he operates mostly outside the system of restraints that normally govern personal relationships. “I never gave a thought to legality or morality,” states a retired and quite cynical Agency case officer with over 20 years’ experience. “Frankly, I did what worked.”

The operator pursues people he can turn into “controlled sources”—agents willing to do his bidding

either in supplying intelligence or taking covert action. He seeks people in a position to do something useful for the Agency—or who someday might be in such a position, perhaps with CIA aid. Once he picks his target, he usually looks for a weakness or vulnerability he can play on. Like a good fisherman, the clever operator knows that the way to hook his prey is to choose an appropriate bait, which the target will think he is seizing because he wants to. The hook has to be firmly implanted; the agent sometimes tries to escape once he understands the implications of betraying his country. While the case officer might try to convince him he is acting for the good of his homeland, the agent must still face up to being branded a traitor.

Does every man have his price? Not exactly, states the senior counterintelligence man, but he believes a

shrewd operator can usually find a way to reach anyone, particularly through his family. In developing countries, the Agency has caused family members to be arrested and mistreated by the local police, given or withheld medical care for a sick child, and, more prosaically, provided scholarships for a relative to study abroad. This kind of tactic does not work as well on a Russian or Western European, who does not live in a society where the CIA can exert pressure so easily.

Like a doctor’s bedside manner or a lawyer’s courtroom style, spy tradecraft is highly personalized.

Different case officers swear by different approaches, and successful methods are carefully observed and copied. Most CIA operators seem to prefer using an ideological lure if they can. John Stockwell, who left the Agency in 1977 to write a book about CIA operations in Angola, believes his best agents were “people convinced they were doing the right thing . . . who disliked communists and felt the CIA was the right organization.” Stockwell recalls his Agency instructors “hammering away at the positive aspect of recruitment. This was where they established the myth of CIA case officers being good guys. They said we didn’t use negative control, and we always made the relationship so that both parties were better off for having worked together.” More cynical operators, like the one quoted above, take a different view: “You can’t create real motivation in a person by waving the flag or by saying this is for the future good of democracy. You’ve got to have a firmer hold than that…. His opinions can change.” This ex-operator favors approaches based either on revenge or helping the gent advance his career:

Those are good motives because they can be created with the individual…. Maybe you start with a Communist party cell member and you help him become a district committee member by eliminating his competition, or you help him get a position where he can get even with someone. At the same time, he’s giving you more and more information as he moves forward, and if you ever surface his reports, he’s out of business. You’ve really got him wrapped up. You don’t even have to tell him. He realizes it himself. No matter what the approach to the prospective agent, the case officer tries to make money a factor in the

relationship. Sometimes the whole recruiting pitch revolves around enrichment. In other instances, the case officer allows the target the illusion that he has sold out for higher motives. Always, however, the operator tries to use money to make the agent dependent. The situation can become sticky with money-minded agents when the case officer insists that part or all of the payments be placed in escrow, to prevent attracting undue attention. But even cash does not create control in the spy business. As the cynical case officer puts it, “Money s tenuous because somebody can always offer more.”

Surprisingly, each of the CIA operators sampled agrees that overt blackmail is a highly overrated form of

control. The senior counterintelligence man notes that while the Russians frequently use some variety of

entrapment—sexual or otherwise—the CIA rarely did. “Very few [Agency] case officers were tough enough” to pull it off and sustain it, he says. “Anytime an agent has been forced to cooperate, you can take it for granted that he has two things on his mind: he is looking for a way out and for revenge. Given the slightest opportunity, he will hit you right between the eyes.” Blackmail could backfire in unexpected ways. John Stockwell remembers an agent in Southeast Asia who wanted to quit: “The case officer

leaned on the guy and said, ‘Look, friend, we still need your intelligence, and we have receipts you signed which we can turn over to the local police.‘ The agent blew his brains out, leaving a suicide note regretting his cooperation with the CIA and telling how the Agency had tried to blackmail him. It caused some problems with the local government.”

The case officer always tries to weave an ever-tightening web of control around his agent. His methods of doing so are so personal and so basic that they often reveal more about the case officer himself than the agent, reflecting his outlook and his personal philosophy. The cynical operator describes his usual technique, which turns out to be a form of false idealism: “You’ve got to treat a man as an equal and convince him you’re partners in this thing. Even if he’s a communist party member, you can’t deal with him like a crumb. You sit down with him and ask how are the kids, and you remember that he told you last time that his son was having trouble in school. You build personal rapport. If you treat him like dirt or an object of use, eventually he’ll turn on you or drop off the bandwagon.”

John Stockwell’s approach relies on the power of imagination in a humdrum world: “I always felt the real

key was that you were offering something special—a real secret life—something that he and you only knew made him different from all the pedestrian paper shufflers in a government office or a boring party cell meeting. Everybody has a little of Walter Mitty in him—what a relief to know you really do work for the CIA in your spare time.”

Sometimes a case officer wants to get the agent to do something he does not think he wants to do. One former CIA operator uses a highly charged metaphor to describe how he did it: “Sometimes one partner in a relationship wants to get into deviations from standard sex. If you have some control, you might be able to force your partner to try different things, but it’s much better to lead her down the road a step at a time, to discuss it and fantasize until eventually she’s saying, ‘Let’s try this thing.’ If her inhibitions and moral reservations are eroded and she is turned on, it’s much more fun and there’s less chance of blowback [exposure, in spy talk]…. It’s the same with an agent.” All case officers—and particularly counterintelligence men—harbor recurring fears that their agents will betray them. The suspicious professional looks for telltale signs like lateness, nervousness, or inconsistency. He relies on his intuition. “The more you’ve been around agents, the more likely you are to sense that something isn’t what it should be,” comments the senior counterintelligence man. “It’s like with children.”

No matter how skillfully practiced, traditional spycraft provides only incomplete answers to the nagging

question of how much the Agency can really trust an agent. All the sixth sense, digging, and deductive

reasoning in the world do not produce certainty in a field that is based on deception and lies. Whereas the British, who invented the game, have historically understood the need for patience and a stiff upper lip, Americans tend to look for quick answers, often by using the latest technology. “We were very gimmick-prone,” says the senior counterintelligence official. Gimmicks— machines, drugs, technical tricks—comprise the third method of behavior control, after torture and tradecraft.

Like safecrackers who swear by the skill in their fingertips, most of the Agency’s mainstream operators

disparage newfangled gadgets. Many now claim that drugs, hypnosis, and other exotic methods actually detract from good tradecraft because they make operators careless and lazy.

Nevertheless, the operators and their high-level sponsors, like Allen Dulles and Richard Helms,

consistently pushed for the magic technique—the deus ex machina—that would solve their problems. Caught in the muck and frustration of ordinary spywork, operators hoped for a miracle tool. Faced with liars and deceivers, they longed for a truth drug. Surrounded by people who knew too much, they sought a way to create amnesia. They dreamed of finding means to make unwilling people carry out specific tasks, such as stealing documents, provoking a fight, killing someone, or otherwise committing an antisocial act. Secret agents recruited by more traditional appeals to idealism, greed, ambition, or fear had always done such deeds, but they usually gave their spymasters headaches in the process Sometimes they balked. Moreover, first they had to agree to serve the CIA. The best tradecraft in the world seldom works against a well-motivated target. (The cynical operator recalls offering the head of Cuban intelligence $1,000,00~in 1966 at a Madrid hotel—only to receive a flat rejection.) Plagued by the unsureness, Agency officials hoped to take the andomness— indeed, the free will—out of agent handling. As one psychologist who worked on behavior control describes it, “The problem of every intelligence operation is how do you remove the human element? The operators would come to us and ask for the human element to be removed.” Thus the impetus toward mind-control research came not only from the lure of science and the fantasies of science fiction, it also came from the heart of the spy business.

Notes

The primary sources for the material on Professor Wendt’s trip to Frankfurt were Dr. Samuel V. Thompson then of the Navy, the CIA psychiatric consultant, several of Wendt’s former associates, as well as three CIA documents that described the testing: Document # 168, 19 September 1952, Subject: “Project LGQ”; Document # 168, 18 September 1952, Subject: Field Trip of ARTICHOKE team,20 August-September 1952; and #A/B, II, 33/21, undated, Subject: Special Comments.

The information on the heroin found in Wendt’s safe comes from the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, October 2, 1977 and considerable background on Wendt’s Rochester testing program was found in the Rochester Times-Union, January 28, 1955. The CIA quote on heroin came from May 15,1952 OSI Memorandum to the Deputy Director, CIA, Subject: Special Interrogation.

The CIA’s handling of Yuri Nosenko was discussed at length in hearings before the House Assassinations

Committee on September 15, 1978. The best press account of this testimony was written by Jeremiah O’Leary of the Washington Star on September 16, 1978: “How CIA Tried to Break Defector in Oswald Case.”

Footnotes

1. Among the Air Force and Army project leaders were Dr. Fred Williams of the Air Force Psychological Warfare Division, Robert Jay Lifton, Edgar Schein, Albert Biderman, and Lieutenant Colonel James Monroe (an Air Force officer who would later go to work full time in CIA behavioral programs).

2. Cameron himself may not have known that the Agency was the ultimate source of these funds which came through a conduit, the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology. A CIA document stated he was unwitting when the grants started in 1957, and it cannot be said whether he ever found out.

3. Cameron wrote that when a patient remembered his schizophrenic symptoms, the schizophrenic behavior usually returned. If the amnesia held for these symptoms, as Cameron claimed it often did, the subject usually did not have a relapse. Even in his “cured” patients, Cameron found that Rorschach tests continued to show schizophrenic thinking despite the improvement in overt behavior. To a layman, this would seem to indicate that Cameron’s approach got only at the symptoms, not the causes of mental problems. Not deterred, however, Cameron dismissed this inconsistency as a “persistent enigma.”

4. Cameron wrote in a professional journal that he gave only two electroshocks a day, but a doctor who

actually administered the treatment for him says that three were common at the beginning of the therapy.

5. In his proposal to the Human Ecology group, Cameron wrote that his subjects would be spending only 16 hours a day in sensory deprivation, while they listened to psychic driving tapes (thus providing some outside stimuli). Nevertheless, one of Cameron’s colleagues states that some patients, including Mary C. were in continuously. Always looking for a better way, Cameron almost certainly tried both variations.

6. Cleghorn’s team found little loss of memory on objective tests, like the Wechsler Memory Scale but

speculated that these tests measured a different memory function—short-term recall—than that the subjects claimed to be missing.

7. Lilly and other veterans of government-supported research note that there is a practical advantage for the scientist who allows his work to be classified: it gives him an added claim on government funds. He is then in a position to argue that if his work is important enough to be SECRET, it deserves money.

8. As was the case with LSD work, sensory deprivation research had both a mind control and a transcendental side. Aldous Huxley wrote thusly about the two pioneers in the field: “What men like Hebb and Lilly are doing in the laboratory was done by the Christian hermits in the Thebaid and elsewhere, and by Hindu and Tibetan hermits in the remote fastness of the Himalayas. My own belief is that these experiences really tell us something about the nature of the universe, that they are valuable in themselves and, above all, valuable when incorporated into our world-picture and acted upon [in] normal life.”

9. In a program called “swimmer nullification,” government scientists trained dolphins to attack enemy

frogmen with huge needles attached to their snouts. The dolphins carried tanks of compressed air, which when jabbed into a deepdiver caused him to pop dead to the surface. A scientist who worked in this CIA-Navy program states that some of the dolphins sent to Vietnam during the late 1960s got out of their pens and disappeared— unheard of behavior for trained dolphins. John Lilly confirms that a group of the marine mammals stationed at Cam Ranh Bay did go AWOL, and he adds that he heard that some eventually returned with their bodies and fins covered with attack marks made by other dolphins.

10. After 1963 the Agency’s Science and Technology Directorate continued brain research with unknown

results. See Chapter 12.

Human Ecology

Well before Harold Wolff and Lawrence Hinkle finished their brainwashing study for Allen Dulles in 1956, Wolff was trying to expand his role in CIA research and operations. He offered Agency officials the cooperation of his colleagues at Cornell University, where he taught neurology and psychiatry in the Medical College. In proposal after proposal, Wolff pressed upon the CIA his idea that to understand human behavior—and how governments might manipulate it—one had to study man in relationship to his total environment. Calling this field “human ecology,” Wolff drew into it the disciplines of psychology, medicine, sociology, and anthropology. In the academic world of the early 1950s, this cross-disciplinary approach was somewhat new, as was the word “ecology,” but it made sense to CIA officials. Like Wolff, they were far in advance of the trends in the behavioral sciences.

Wolff carved out vast tracts of human knowledge, some only freshly discovered, and proposed a partnership with the Agency for the task of mastering that knowledge for operational use. It was a time when knowledge itself seemed bountiful and promising, and Wolff was expansive about how the CIA could harness it. Once he figured out how the human mind really worked, he wrote, he would tell the Agency “how a man can be made to think, ‘feel,’ and behave according to the wishes of other men, and,

conversely, how a man can avoid being influenced in this manner.”

Such notions, which may now appear naive or perverse, did not seem so unlikely at the height of the Cold War. And Wolff’s professional stature added weight to his ideas. Like D. Ewen Cameron, he was no obscure academic.

He had been President of the New York Neurological Association and would become, in 1960, President of the American Neurological Association. He served for several years as editor-in-chief of the American Medical Association’s Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry. Both by credentials and force of personality, Wolff was an impressive figure. CIA officials listened respectfully to his grand vision of how spies and doctors could work symbiotically to help—if not save—the world. Also, the Agency men never forgot that Wolff had become close to Director Allen Dulles while treating Dulles’ son for brain damage.

Wolff’s specialized neurological practice led him to believe that brain maladies, like migraine headaches,

occurred because of disharmony between man and his environment. In this case, he wrote to the Agency, “The problem faced by the physician is quite similar to that faced by the Communist interrogator.” Both would be trying to put their subject back in harmony with his environment whether the problem was headache or ideological dissent. Wolff believed that the beneficial effects of any new interrogation technique would naturally spill over into the treatment of his patients, and vice versa. Following the Soviet model, he felt he could help his patients by putting them into an isolated, disoriented state—from which it would be easier to create new behavior patterns. Although Russian-style isolation cells were impractical at Cornell, Wolff hoped to get the same effect more quickly through sensory deprivation. He

told the Agency that sensory-deprivation chambers had “valid medical reason” as part of a treatment that

relieved migraine symptoms and made the patient “more receptive to the suggestions of the psychotherapist.” He proposed keeping his patients in sensory deprivation until they “show an increased desire to talk and to escape from the procedure.” Then, he said, doctors could “utilize material from their own past experience in order to create psychological reactions within them.” This procedure drew heavily on the Stalinist method. It cannot be said what success, if any, Wolff had with it to the benefit of his patients at Cornell.

Wolff offered to devise ways to use the broadest cultural and social processes in human ecology for covert operations. He understood that every country had unique customs for child rearing, military training, and nearly every other form of human intercourse. From the CIA’s point of view, he noted, this kind of sociological information could be applied mainly to indoctrinating and motivating people. He distinguished these motivating techniques from the “special methods” that he felt were ‘more relevant to subversion, seduction, and interrogation.” He offered to study those methods, too, and asked the Agency to give him access to everything in its files on “threats, coercion, imprisonment, isolation, deprivation, humiliation, torture, ‘brainwashing, “black psychiatry,’ hypnosis, and combinations of these with or without chemical agents.” Beyond mere study, Wolff volunteered the unwitting use of Cornell patients for

brainwashing experiments, so long as no one got hurt. He added, however, that he would advise the CIA on experiments that harmed their subjects if they were performed elsewhere. He obviously felt that only the grandest sweep of knowledge, flowing freely between scholar and spy, could bring the best available

techniques to bear on their respective subjects.

In 1955 Wolff incorporated his CIA-funded study group as the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, with himself as president.[1] Through the Society, Wolff extended his efforts for the Agency, and his organization turned into a CIA-controlled funding mechanism for studies and experiments in the behavioral sciences. In the early days of the Society, Agency officials trusted Wolff and his untried ideas with a sensitive espionage assignment. In effect, the new specialty of human ecology was going to telescope the stages of research and application into one continuing process.

Speeding up the traditional academic method was required because the CIA men faced an urgent problem. “What was bothering them,” Lawrence Hinkle explains, “was that the Chinese had cleaned up their agents in China…. What they really wanted to do was come up with some Chinese [in America], steer them to us, and make them into agents.” Wolff accepted the challenge and suggested that the Cornell group hide its real purpose behind the cover of investigating “the ecological aspects of disease” among Chinese refugees. The Agency gave the project a budget of $84,175 (about 30 percent of the money it put into Cornell in 1955) and supplied the study group with 100 Chinese refugees to work with. Nearly all these

subjects had been studying in the United States when the communists took over the mainland in 1949, so they tended to be dislocated people in their thirties.

On the Agency side, the main concern, as expressed by one ARTICHOKE man, was the “security hazard” of bringing together so many potential agents in one place. Nevertheless, CIA officials decided to go ahead. Wolff promised to tell them about the inner reaches of the Chinese character, and they recognized the operational advantage that insight into Chinese behavior patterns could provide. Moreover, Wolff said he would pick out the most useful possible agents. The Human Ecology Society would then offer these candidates “fellowships” and subject them to more intensive interviews and “stress producing” situations. The idea was to find out about their personalities, past conditioning, and present motivations, in order to figure out how they might perform in future predicaments—such as finding themselves back in Mainland China as American agents. In the process, Wolff hoped to mold these Chinese into people willing to work for the CIA. Mindful of leaving some cover for Cornell, he was adamant that Agency operators not connected with the project make the actual recruitment pitch to those Chinese whom the Agency men

wanted as agents.

As a final twist, Wolff planned to provide each agent with techniques to withstand the precise forms of hostile interrogation they could expect upon returning to China. CIA officials wanted to “precondition” the agents in order to create long lasting motivation “impervious to lapse of time and direct psychological attacks by the enemy.” In other words, Agency men planned to brainwash their agents in order to protect them against Chinese brainwashing.

Everything was covered—in theory, at least. Wolff was going to take a crew of 100 refugees and turn as many of them as possible into detection-proof, live agents inside China, and he planned to do the job quickly through human ecology. It was a heady chore for the Cornell professor to take on after classes.

Wolff hired a full complement of psychologists, psychiatrists, and anthropologists to work on the

project. He bulldozed his way through his colleagues’ qualms and government red tape alike. Having hired an anthropologist before learning that the CIA security office would not give her a clearance, Wolff simply lied to her about where the money came from. “It was a function of Wolff’s imperious nature,” says his partner Hinkle. “If a dog came in and threw up on the rug during a lecture, he would continue.” Even the CIA men soon found that Harold Wolff was not to be trifled with. “From the Agency side, I don’t know anyone who wasn’t scared of him,” recalls a longtime CIA associate. “He was an autocratic man. I never knew him to chew anyone out. He didn’t have to. We were damned respectful. He moved in

high places. He was just a skinny little man but talk about mind control! He was one of the controllers.”

In the name of the Human Ecology Society, the CIA paid $1,200 a month to rent a fancy town house on

Manhattan’s East 78th Street to house the Cornell group and its research projects Agency technicians traveled to New York in December 1954 to install eavesdropping microphones around the building. These and other more obvious security devices—safes, guards, and the like—made the town house look different from the academic center it was supposed to be. CIA liaison personnel held meetings with Wolff and the staff in the secure confines of the town house, and they all carefully watched the 100 Chinese a few blocks away at the Cornell hospital. The Society paid each subject $25 a day so the researchers could test them, probe them, and generally learn all they could about Chinese people—or at least about middle-

class, displaced, anti-Communist ones.

It is doubtful that any of Wolff’s Chinese ever returned to their homeland as CIA agents, or that all of

Wolff’s proposals were put into effect. In any case, the project was interrupted in midstream by a major shake-up in the CIA’s entire mind-control effort. Early in 1955, Sid Gottlieb and his Ph.D. crew from TSS took over most of the ARTICHOKE functions, including the Society, from Morse Allen and the Pinkerton types in the Office of Security. The MKULTRA men moved quickly to turn the Society into an entity that looked and acted like a legitimate foundation. First they smoothed over the ragged covert edges. Out came the bugs and safes so dear to Morse Allen and company. The new crew even made some effort (largely unsuccessful) to attract non-CIA funds. The biggest change, however, was the Cornell professors now had to deal with Agency representatives who were scientists and who had strong ideas of their own on research questions. Up to this point, the Cornellians had been able to keep the CIA’s involvement within bounds acceptable to them. While Harold Wolff never ceased wanting to explore the furthest reaches of behavior control, his colleagues were wary of going on to the outer limits—at least under Cornell cover.

No one would ever confuse MKULTRA projects with ivory-tower research, but Gottlieb’s people did take a more academic—and sophisticated—approach to behavioral research than their predecessors. The MKULTRA men understood that not every project would have an immediate operational benefit, and they believed less and less in the existence of that one just-over-the-horizon technique that would turn men into puppets. They favored increasing their knowledge of human behavior in relatively small steps, and they concentrated on the reduced goal of influencing and manipulating their subjects. “You’re ahead of the game if you can get people to do something ten percent more often than they would otherwise,” says an MKULTRA veteran.

Accordingly, in 1956, Sid Gottlieb approved a $74,000 project to have the Human Ecology Society study the factors that caused men to defect from their countries and cooperate with foreign governments. MKULTRA officials reasoned that if they could understand what made old turncoats tick, it might help them entice new ones. While good case officers instinctively seemed to know how to handle a potential agent—or thought they did—the MKULTRA men hoped to come up with systematic, even scientific

improvements. Overtly, Harold Wolff designed the program to look like a follow-up study to the Society’s earlier programs, noting to the Agency that it was “feasible to study foreign nationals under the cover of a medical-sociological study.” (He told his CIA funders that “while some information of general value to science should be produced, this in itself will not be a sufficient justification for carrying out a study of this nature.”) Covertly, he declared the purpose of the research was to assess defectors’ social and cultural background, their life experience, and their personality structure, in order to understand their motivations, value systems, and probable future reactions.

The 1956 Hungarian revolt occurred as the defector study was getting underway, and the Human Ecology group, with CIA headquarters approval, decided to turn the defector work into an investigation of 70 Hungarian refugees from that upheaval. By then, most of Harold Wolff’s team had been together through the brainwashing and Chinese studies. While not all of them knew of the CIA’s specific interests, they had streamlined their procedures for answering the questions that Agency officials found interesting. They ran the Hungarians through the battery of tests and observations in six months, compared to a year and a half for the Chinese project.

The Human Ecology Society reported that most of their Hungarian subjects had fought against the Russians during the Revolution and that they had lived through extraordinarily difficult circumstances, including arrest, mistreatment, and indoctrination. The psychologists and psychiatrists found that, often, those who had survived with the fewest problems had been those with markedly aberrant personalities. “This observation has added to the evidence that healthy people are not necessarily ‘normal,’ but are people particularly adapted to their special life situations,” the group declared.

While CIA officials liked the idea that their Hungarian subjects had not knuckled under communist

influence, they recognized that they were working with a skewed sample. American visa restrictions kept most of the refugee left-wingers and former communist officials out of the United States; so, as a later MKULTRA document would state, the Society wound up studying “western-tied rightist elements who had never been accepted completely” in postwar Hungary. Agency researchers realized that these people would “contribute little” toward increasing the CIA’s knowledge of the processes that made a communist official change his loyalties.

In order to broaden their data base, MKULTRA officials decided in March 1957 to bring in some unwitting help. They gave a contract to Rutgers University sociologists Richard Stephenson and Jay

Schulman “to throw as much light as possible on the sociology of the communist system in the throes of

revolution.” The Rutgers professors started out by interviewing the 70 Hungarians at Cornell in New York, and Schulman went on to Europe to talk to disillusioned Communists who had also fled their country. From an operational point of view, these were the people the Agency really cared about; but, as socialists, most of them probably would have resisted sharing their experiences with the CIA—if they had known.[2]

Jay Schulman would have resisted, too. After discovering almost 20 years later that the Agency had

paid his way and seen his confidential interviews, he feels misused. “In 1957 I was myself a quasi-Marxist and if I had known that this study was sponsored by the CIA, there is really, obviously, no way that I would have been associated with it,” says Schulman. “My view is that social scientists have a deep personal responsibility for questioning the sources of funding; and the fact that I didn’t do it at the time was simply, in my judgment, indication of my own naiveté and political innocence, in spite of my ideological bent.”

Deceiving Schulman and his Hungarian subjects did not bother the men from MKULTRA in the slightest. According to a Gottlieb aide, one of the strong arguments inside the CIA for the whole Human Ecology program was that it gave the Agency a means of approaching and using political mavericks who could not otherwise get security clearances. “Sometimes,” he chuckles, “these left-wing social scientists were damned good.” This MKULTRA veteran scoffs at the displeasure Schulman expresses: “If we’d gone to a guy and said, ‘We’re CIA,’ he never would have done it. They were glad to get the money in a world where damned few people were willing to support them…. They can’t complain about how they were treated or that they were asked to do something they wouldn’t have normally done.”

The Human Ecology Society soon became a conduit for CIA money flowing to projects, like the Rutgers one, outside Cornell. For these grants, the Society provided only cover and administrative support behind the gold-plated names of Cornell and Harold Wolff. From 1955 to 1958, Agency officials passed funds through the Society for work on criminal sexual psychopaths at Ionia State Hospital, [3] a mental institution located on the banks of the Grand River in the rolling farm country 120 miles northwest of Detroit. This project had an interesting hypothesis: That child molesters and rapists had ugly secrets buried deep within them and that their stake in not admitting their perversions approached that of spies

not wanting to confess. The MKULTRA men reasoned that any technique that would work on a sexual psychopath would surely have a similar effect on a foreign agent. Using psychologists and psychiatrists connected to the Michigan mental health and the Detroit court systems, they set up a program to test LSD and marijuana, wittingly and unwittingly, alone and in combination with hypnosis.

Because of administrative delays, the Michigan doctors managed to experiment only on 26 inmates in three years— all sexual offenders committed by judges without a trial under a Michigan law, since declared unconstitutional. The search for a truth drug went on, under the auspices of the Human Ecology Society, as well as in other MKULTRA channels.

The Ionia project was the kind of expansionist activity that made Cornell administrators, if not Harold

Wolff, uneasy. By 1957, the Cornellians had had enough. At the same time, the Agency sponsors decided that the Society had outgrown its dependence on Cornell for academic credentials—that in fact the close ties to Cornell might inhibit the Society’s future growth among academics notoriously sensitive to institutional conflicts. One CIA official wrote that the Society “must be given more established stature in the research community to be effective as a cover organization.” Once the Society was cut loose in the foundation world, Agency men felt they would be freer to go anywhere in academia to buy research that might assist covert operations. So the CIA severed the Society’s formal connection to Cornell.

The Human Ecology group moved out of its East 78th Street town house, which had always seem a little too plush for a university program, and opened up a new headquarters in Forest Hills, Queens, which was an inappropriate neighborhood for a well-connected foundation. [4] Agency officials hired a staff of four

led by Lieutenant Colonel James Monroe, who had worked closely with the CIA as head of the Air Force’s study of Korean War prisoners. Sid Gottlieb and the TSS hierarchy in Washington still made the major decisions, but Monroe and the Society staff, whose salaries the Agency paid, took over the Society’s dealings with the outside world and the monitoring of several hundred thousand dollars a year in research projects. Monroe personally supervised dozens of grants, including Dr. Ewen Cameron’s brainwashing work in Montreal. Soon the Society was flourishing as an innovative foundation, attracting

research proposals from a wide variety of behavioral scientists, at a time when these people—particularly the unorthodox ones—were still the step-children of the fund-granting world.

After the Society’s exit from Cornell, Wolff and Hinkle stayed on as president and vice-president,

respectively, of the Society’s board of directors. Dr. Joseph Hinsey, head of the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center also remained on the board. Allen Dulles continued his personal interest in the Society’s work and came to one of the first meetings of the new board, which, as was customary with CIA fronts, included some big outside names. These luminaries added worthiness to the enterprise while playing essentially figurehead roles. In 1957 the other board members were John Whitehorn, chairman of the psychiatry department at Johns Hopkins University, Carl Rogers, professor of psychology and psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin, and Adolf A. Berle, onetime Assistant Secretary of State and

chairman of the New York Liberal Party. [5] Berle had originally put his close friend Harold Wolff in touch with the CIA, and at Wolff’s request, he came on the Society board despite some reservations. “I am frightened about this one,” Berle wrote in his diary. “If the scientists do what they have laid out for themselves, men will become manageable ants. But I don’t think it will happen.”

There was a lot of old-fashioned back-scratching among the CIA people and the academics as they settled into the work of accommodating each other. Even Harold Wolff, the first and the most enthusiastic of the scholar-spies, had made it clear from the beginning that he expected some practical rewards for his service. According to colleague Hinkle, who appreciated Wolff as one the great grantsman of his time, Wolff expected that the Agency “would support our research and we would be their consultants.” Wolff bluntly informed the CIA that some of his work would have no direct use “except that it vastly enhances

our value . . . as consultants and advisers.” In other words, Wolff felt that his worth to the CIA increased in proportion to his professional accomplishments and importance—which in turn depended partly on the resources he commanded. The Agency men understood, and over the last half of the 1950s, they were happy to contribute almost $300,000 to Wolff’s own research on the brain and central nervous system. In turn, Wolff and his reputation helped them gain access to other leading lights in the academic world.

Another person who benefited from Human Ecology funds was Carl Rogers, whom Wolff had also asked to serve on the board. Rogers, who later would become famous for his nondirective, nonauthoritarian approach to psychotherapy, respected Wolff’s work, and he had no objection to helping the CIA. Although he says he would have nothing to do with secret Agency activities today, he asks for understanding in light of the climate of the 1950s. “We really did regard Russia as the enemy,” declares Rogers, “and we were trying to do various things to make sure the Russians did not get the upper hand.” Rogers received an important professional reward for joining the Society board. Executive Director James Monroe had let him know that, once he agreed to serve, he could expect to receive a Society grant. “That appealed to me because I was having trouble getting funded,” says Rogers. “Having gotten that grant [about $30,000 over three years], it made it possible to get other grants from Rockefeller and NIMH.” Rogers still feels grateful to the Society for helping him establish a funding “track record,” but he emphasizes that the Agency never had any effect on his research.

Although MKULTRA psychologist John Gittinger suspected that Rogers’ work on psychotherapy might

provide insight into interrogation methods, the Society did not give Rogers money because of the content of his work. The grant ensured his services as a consultant, if desired, and, according to a CIA document, “free access” to his project. But above all, the grant allowed the Agency to use Rogers’ name. His standing in the academic community contributed to the layer of cover around the Society that Agency officials felt was crucial to mask their involvement.

Professor Charles Osgood’s status in psychology also improved the Society’s cover, but his research was more directly useful to the Agency, and the MKULTRA men paid much more to get it. In 1959 Osgood, who four years later became president of the American Psychological Association, wanted to push forward his work on how people in different societies express the same feelings, even when using different words and concepts. Osgood wrote in “an abstract conceptual framework,” but Agency

officials saw his research as “directly relevant” to covert activities. They believed they could transfer

Osgood’s knowledge of “hidden values and cues” in the way people communicate into more effective overseas propaganda. Osgood’s work gave them a tool—called the “semantic differential”—to choose the right words in a foreign language to convey a particular meaning.

Like Carl Rogers, Osgood got his first outside

funding for what became the most important work of his

career from the Human Ecology Society. Osgood had written

directly to the CIA for support, and the Society soon

contacted him and furnished $192,975 for research over

five years. The money allowed him to travel widely and to

expand his work into 30 different cultures. Also like

Rogers, Osgood eventually received NIMH money to finish

his research, but he acknowledges that the Human Ecology

grants played an important part in the progress of his

work. He stresses that “there was none of the feeling

then about the CIA that there is now, in terms of

subversive activities,” and he states that the Society

had no influence on anything he produced. Yet Society men

could and did talk to him about his findings. They asked

questions that reflected their own covert interests, not

his academic pursuits, and they drew him out, according

to one of them, “at great length.” Osgood had started

studying cross-cultural meaning well before he received

the Human Ecology money, but the Society’s support

ensured that he would continue his work on a scale that

suited the Agency’s purposes, as well as his own.

A whole category of Society funding, called “cover

grants,” served no other purpose than to build the

Society’s false front. These included a sociological

study of Levittown, Long Island (about $4,500), an

analysis of the Central Mongoloid skull ($700), and a

look at the foreign-policy attitudes of people who owned

fallout shelters, as opposed to people who did not

($2,500). A $500 Human Ecology grant went to Istanbul

University for a study of the effects of circumcision on

Turkish boys. The researcher found that young Turks,

usually circumcised between the ages of five and seven,

felt “severe emotional impact with attending symptoms of

withdrawal.” The children saw the painful operations as

“an act of aggression” that brought out previously hidden

fears—or so the Human Ecology Society reported.

In other instances, the Society put money into

projects whose covert application was so unlikely that

only an expert could see the possibilities. Nonetheless,

in 1958 the Society gave $5,570 to social psychologists

Muzafer and Carolyn Wood Sherif of the University of

Oklahoma for work on the behavior of teen-age boys in

gangs. The Sherifs, both ignorant of the CIA

connection,[6] studied the group structures and attitudes

in the gangs and tried to devise ways to channel

antisocial behavior into more constructive paths. Their

results were filtered through clandestine minds at the

Agency. “With gang warfare,” says an MKULTRA source, “you

tried to get some defectors-in-place who would like to

modify some of the group behavior and cool it. Now,

getting a juvenile delinquent defector was motivationally

not all that much different from getting a Soviet one.”

MKULTRA officials were clearly interested in using

their grants to build contacts and associations with

prestigious academics. The Society put $1,500 a year into

the Research in Mental Health Newsletter published

jointly at McGill University by the sociology and

psychiatric departments. Anthropologist Margaret Mead, an

international culture heroine, sat on the newsletter’s

advisory board (with, among others, D. Ewen Cameron), and

the Society used her name in its biennial report.

Similarly, the Society gave grants of $26,000 to the

well-known University of London psychologist, H. J.

Eysenck, for his work on motivation. An MKULTRA document

acknowledged that this research would have “no immediate

relevance for Agency needs,” but that it would “lend

prestige” to the Society. The grants to Eysenck also

allowed the Society to take funding credit for no less

than nine of his publications in its 1963 report. The

following year, the Society managed to purchase a piece

of the work of the most famous behaviorist of all,

Harvard’s B. F. Skinner. Skinner, who had tried to train

pigeons to guide bombs for the military during World War

II, received a $5,000 Human Ecology grant to pay the

costs of a secretary and supplies for the research that

led to his book, Freedom and Dignity. Skinner has no

memory of the grant or its origins but says, “I don’t

like secret involvement of any kind. I can’t see why it

couldn’t have been open and aboveboard.”

A TSS source explains that grants like these “bought

legitimacy” for the Society and made the recipients

“grateful.” He says that the money gave Agency employees

at Human Ecology a reason to phone Skinner—or any of the

other recipients—to pick his brain about a particular

problem. In a similar vein, another MKULTRA man,

psychologist John Gittinger mentions the Society’s

relationship with Erwin Goffman of the University of

Pennsylvania, whom many consider today’s leading

sociological theorist. The Society gave him a small grant

to help finish a book that would have been published

anyway. As a result, Gittinger was able to spend hours

talking with him about, among other things, an article he

had written earlier on confidence men. These hucksters

were experts at manipulating behavior, according to

Gittinger, and Goffman unwittingly “gave us a better

understanding of the techniques people use to establish

phony relationships”—a subject of interest to the CIA.

To keep track of new developments in the behavioral

sciences, Society representatives regularly visited grant

recipients and found out what they and their colleagues

were doing. Some of the knowing professors became

conscious spies. Most simply relayed the latest

professional gossip to their visitors and sent along

unpublished papers. The prestige of the Human Ecology

grantees also helped give the Agency access to behavioral

scientists who had no connection to the Society. “You

could walk into someone’s office and say you were just

talking to Skinner,” says an MKULTRA veteran. “We didn’t

hesitate to do this. It was a way to name-drop.”

The Society did not limit its intelligence gathering

to the United States. As one Agency source puts it, “The

Society gave us a legitimate basis to approach anyone in

the academic community anywhere in the world.” CIA

officials regularly used it as cover when they traveled

abroad to study the behavior of foreigners of interest to

the Agency, including such leaders as Nikita Khrushchev.

The Society funded foreign researchers and also gave

money to American professors to collect information

abroad. In 1960, for instance, the Society sponsored a

survey of Soviet psychology through the simple device of

putting up $15,000 through the official auspices of the

American Psychological Association to send ten prominent

psychologists on a tour of the Soviet Union. Nine of the

ten had no idea of the Agency involvement, but CIA

officials were apparently able to debrief everyone when

the group returned. Then the Society sponsored a

conference and book for which each psychologist

contributed a chapter. The book added another $5,000 to

the CIA’s cost, but $20,000 all told seemed like a small

price to pay for the information gathered. The

psychologists—except perhaps the knowledgeable one—did

nothing they would not ordinarily have done during their

trip, and the scholarly community benefited from

increased knowledge on an important subject. The only

thing violated was the openness and trust normally

associated with academic pursuits. By turning scholars

into spies—even unknowing ones—CIA officials risked the

reputation of American research work and contributed

potential ammunition toward the belief in many countries

that the U.S. notion of academic freedom and independence

from the state is self-serving and hypocritical.

Secrecy allowed the Agency a measure of freedom from

normal academic restrictions and red tape, and the men

from MKULTRA used that freedom to make their projects

more attractive. The Society demanded “no stupid progress

reports,” recalls psychologist and psychiatrist Martin

Orne, who received a grant to support his Harvard

research on hypnotism. As a further sign of generosity

and trust, the Society gave Orne a follow-on $30,000

grant with no specified purpose.[7] Orne could use it as

he wished. He believes the money was “a contingency

investment” in his work, and MKULTRA officials agree. “We

could go to Orne anytime,” says one of them, “and say,

‘Okay, here is a situation and here is a kind of guy.

What would you expect we might be able to achieve if we

could hypnotize him?’ Through his massive knowledge, he

could speculate and advise.” A handful of other Society

grantees also served in similar roles as covert Agency

consultants in the field of their expertise.

In general, the Human Ecology Society served as the

CIA’s window on the world of behavioral research. No

phenomenon was too arcane to escape a careful look from

the Society, whether extrasensory perception or African

witch doctors. “There were some unbelievable schemes,”

recalls an MKULTRA veteran, “but you also knew Einstein

was considered crazy. You couldn’t be so biased that you

wouldn’t leave open the possibility that some crazy idea

might work.” MKULTRA men realized, according to the

veteran, that “ninety percent of what we were doing would

fail” to be of any use to the Agency. Yet, with a spirit

of inquiry much freer than that usually found in the

academic world, the Society took early stabs at cracking

the genetic code with computers and finding out whether

animals could be controlled through electrodes placed in

their brains.

The Society’s unrestrained, scattershot approach to

behavioral research went against the prevailing wisdom in

American universities—both as to methods and to subjects

of interest. During the 1950s one school of thought—socalled

“behaviorism,”—was accepted on campus, virtually

to the exclusion of all others. The “behaviorists,” led

by Harvard’s B. F. Skinner, looked at psychology as the

study of learned observable responses to outside

stimulation. To oversimplify, they championed the

approach in which psychologists gave rewards to rats

scurrying through mazes, and they tended to dismiss

matters of great interest to the Agency: e.g., the effect

of drugs on the psyche, subjective phenomena like

hypnosis, the inner workings of the mind, and personality

theories that took genetic differences into account.

By investing up to $400,000 a year into the early,

innovative work of men like Carl Rogers, Charles Osgood,

and Martin Orne, the CIA’s Human Ecology Society helped

liberate the behavioral sciences from the world of rats

and cheese. With a push from the Agency as well as other

forces, the field opened up. Former iconoclasts became

eminent, and, for better or worse, the Skinnerian near-

monopoly gave way to a multiplication of contending

schools. Eventually, a reputable behavioral scientist

could be doing almost anything: holding hands with his

students in sensitivity sessions, collecting survey data

on spanking habits, or subjectively exploring new modes

of consciousness. The CIA’s money undoubtedly changed the

academic world to some degree, though no one can say how

much.

As usual, the CIA men were ahead of their time and

had started to move on before the new approaches became

established. In 1963, having sampled everything from palm

reading to subliminal perception, Sid Gottlieb and his

colleagues satisfied themselves that they had overlooked

no area of knowledge—however esoteric—that might be

promising for CIA operations. The Society had served its

purpose; now the money could be better spent elsewhere.

Agency officials transferred the still-useful projects to

other covert channels and allowed the rest to die

quietly. By the end of 1965, when the remaining research

was completed, the Society for the Investigation of Human

Ecology was gone.

Notes

MKULTRA subprojects 48 and 60 provided the basic

documents on the Society for the Investigation of Human

Ecology. These were supplemented by the three biennial

reports of the Society that could be found: 1957, 1961,

and 1961-1963. Wolff’s own research work is MKULTRA

subproject 61. Wolfs proposals to the Agency are in #A/B,

II, 10/68, undated “Proposed Plan for Implementing

[deleted]” in two documents included in 48-29, March 5,

1956, “General Principles Upon Which these Proposals Are

Based.” The Agency’s plans for the Chinese Project are

described in #A/B, II, 10/48, undated, Subject: Cryptonym

[deleted] A/B, II 10/72,9 December,1954, Subject: Letter

of Instructions, and #A/B, II, 10/110, undated, untitled.

Details of the logistics of renting the Human Ecology

headquarters and bugging it are in #A/B, II, 10/23, 30

August, 1954, Subject: Meeting of Working Committee of

[deleted], No. 5 and #A/B, II, 10/92, 8 December, 1954,

Subject: Technical Installation.

The Hungarian project, as well as being described in

the 1957 biennial report, was dealt with in MKULTRA

subprojects 65 and 82, especially 65-12, 28 June 1956,

Subject: MKULTRA subproject 65; 65-11, undated, Subject:

Dr. [deleted]’s Project—Plans for the Coming Year,

July,1957-June,1958; and 82-15,11 April 1958, Subject:

Project MKULTRA, Subproject 82.

The Ionia State sexual psychopath research was

MKULTRA Subproject 39, especially 39-4, 9 April 1958,

Subject: Trip Report, Visit to [deleted], 7 April 1958.

Paul Magnusson of the Detroit Free Press and David Pearl

of the Detroit ACLU office both furnished information.

Carl Rogers’ MKULTRA subproject was # 97. He also

received funds under Subproject 74. See especially 74256,

7 October 1958, Supplement to Individual Grant under

MKULTRA, Subproject No. 74 and 97-21, 6 August 1959,

Subject: MKULTRA Subproject 97.

H. J. Eysenck’s MKULTRA subproject was #111. See

especially 111-3, 3 April 1961, Subject: Continuation of

MKULTRA Subproject 111. The American Psychological

Association-sponsored trip to the Soviet Union was

described in Subproject 107. The book that came out of

the trip was called Some Views on Soviet Psychology,

Raymond Bauer (editor), (Washington: American

Psychological Association; 1962).

The Sherifs’ research on teenage gangs was described

in Subproject # 102 and the 1961 Human Ecology biennial

report. Dr. Carolyn Sherif also wrote a letter to the

American Psychological Association Monitor, February

1978. Dr. Sherif talked about her work when she and I

appeared on an August 1978 panel at the American

Psychological Association’s convention in Toronto.

Martin Orne’s work for the Agency was described in

Subproject 84. He contributed a chapter to the Society-

funded book, The Manipulation of Human Behavior, edited

by Albert Biderman and Herbert Zimmer-(New York: John

Wiley & Sons; 1961), pp. 169-215. Financial data on

Orne’s Institute for Experimental Psychiatry came from a

filing with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Attachment

to Form 1023.

The quote from John Gittinger came from an interview

with him conducted by Dr. Patricia Greenfield. Dr.

Greenfield also interviewed Jay Schulman, Carl Rogers,

and Charles Osgood for an article in the December 1977

issue of the American Psychological Association Monitor,

from which my quotes of Schulman’s comments are taken.

She discussed Erving Goffman’s role in a presentation to

a panel of the American Psychological Association

convention in Toronto in August 1978. The talk was titled

“CIA Support of Basic Research in Psychology: Policy

Implications.”

Footnotes

1. In 1961 the Society changed its name to the Human

Ecology Fund, but for convenience sake it will be called

the Society throughout the book.

2. Also to gain access to this same group of leftist

Hungarian refugees in Europe, the Human Ecology Society

put $15,000 in 1958 into an unwitting study by Dr. A. H.

M. Struik of the University of Nijmegen in the

Netherlands. An Agency document extolled this arrangement

not only as a useful way of studying Hungarians but

because it provided “entree” into a leading European

university and psychological research center, adding

“such a connection has manifold cover and testing

possibilities as well as providing a base from which to

take advantage of developments in that area of the

world.”

3. Professor Laurence Hinkle states that it was never

his or Cornell’s intention that the Society would be used

as a CIA funding conduit. When told that he himself had

written letters on the Ionia project, he replied that the

Society’s CIA-supplied bookkeeper was always putting

papers in front of him and that he must have signed

without realizing the implications.

4. By 1961 the CIA staff had tired of Queens and

moved the Society back into Manhattan to 201 East 57th

Street. In 1965 as the Agency was closing down the front,

it switched its headquarters to 183i Connecticut Avenue

N.W. in Washington, the same building owned by Dr.

Charles Geschickter that housed another MKULTRA conduit,

the Geschickter Fund for Medical Research.

5. Other establishment figures who would grace the

Human Ecology board over the years included Leonard

Carmichael, head of the Smithsonian Institution, Barnaby

Keeney, president of Brown University, and George A.

Kelly, psychology professor and Society fund recipient at

Ohio State University.

6. According to Dr. Carolyn Sherif, who says she and

her husband did not share the Cold War consensus and

would never have knowingly taken CIA funds Human Ecology

executive director James Monroe lied directly about the

source of the Society’s money, claiming it came from rich

New York doctors and Texas millionaires who gave it for

tax purposes. Monroe used this standard cover story with

other grantees.

7. A 1962 report of Orne’s laboratory, the Institute

for Experimental Psychiatry, showed that it received two

sizable grants before the end of that year: $30,000 from

Human Ecology and $30,000 from Scientific Engineering

Institute, another CIA front organization. Orne says he

was not aware of the latter group’s Agency connection at

the time, but learned of it later. He used its grant to

study new ways of using the polygraph.

The Gittinger Assessment System

With one exception, the CIA’s behavioral research—

whether on LSD or on electroshock—seems to have had more

impact on the outside world than on Agency operations.

That exception grew out of the work of the MKULTRA

program’s resident genius, psychologist John Gittinger.

While on the CIA payroll, toiling to find ways to

manipulate people, Gittinger created a unique system for

assessing personality and predicting future behavior. He

called his method—appropriately—the Personality

Assessment System (PAS). Top Agency officials have been

so impressed that they have given the Gittinger system a

place in most agent-connected activities. To be sure,

most CIA operators would not go nearly so far as a former

Gittinger aide who says, “The PAS was the key to the

whole clandestine business.” Still, after most of the

touted mind controllers had given up or been sent back

home, it was Gittinger, the staff psychologist, who sold

his PAS system to cynical, anti-gimmick case officers in

the Agency’s Clandestine Services. And during the Cuban

missile crisis, it was Gittinger who was summoned to the

White House to give his advice on how Khrushchev would

react to American pressure.

A heavy-set, goateed native of Oklahoma who in his

later years came to resemble actor Walter Slezak,

Gittinger looked much more like someone’s kindly

grandfather than a calculating theoretician. He had an

almost insatiable curiosity about personality, and he

spent most of his waking hours tinkering with and trying

to perfect his system. So obsessed did he become that he

always had the feeling even after other researchers had

verified large chunks of the PAS and after the CIA had

put it into operational use—that the whole thing was “a

kind of paranoid delusion.”

Gittinger started working on his system even before

he joined the CIA in 1950. Prior to that, he had been

director of psychological services at the state hospital

in Norman, Oklahoma. His high-sounding title did not

reflect the fact that he was the only psychologist on the

staff. A former high school guidance counselor and Naval

lieutenant commander during World War II, he was starting

out at age 30 with a master’s degree. Every day he saw

several hundred patients whose mental problems included

virtually everything in the clinical textbooks.

Numerous tramps and other itinerants, heading West in

search of the good life in California, got stuck in

Oklahoma during the cold winter months and managed to get

themselves admitted to Gittinger’s hospital. In warmer

seasons of the year, quite a few of them worked, when

they had to, as cooks or dishwashers in the short-order

hamburger stands that dotted the highways in the days

before fast food. They functioned perfectly well in these

jobs until freezing nights drove them from their outdoor

beds. The hospital staff usually called them “seasonal

schizophrenics” and gave them shelter until spring.

Gittinger included them in the psychological tests he was

so fond of running on his patients.

As he measured the itinerants on the Wechsler

intelligence scale, a standard IQ test with 11 parts,[1]

Gittinger made a chance observation that became, he says,

the “bedrock” of his whole system. He noticed that the

short-order cooks tended to do well on the digit-span

subtest which rated their ability to remember numbers.

The dishwashers, in contrast, had a poor memory for

digits. Since the cooks had to keep track of many complex

orders—with countless variations of medium rare, onions,

and hold-the-mayo—their retentive quality served them

well.

Gittinger also noticed that the cooks had different

personality traits than the dishwashers. The cooks seemed

able to maintain a high degree of efficiency in a

distracting environment while customers were constantly

barking new orders at them. They kept their composure by

falling back on their internal resources and generally

shutting themselves off from the commotion around them.

Gittinger dubbed this personality type, which was

basically inner-directed, an “Internalizer” (abbreviated

“I”). The dishwashers, on the other hand, did not have

the ability to separate themselves from the external

world. In order to perform their jobs, they had to be

placed off in some far corner of the kitchen with their

dirty pots and pans, or else all the tumult of the place

diverted them from their duty. Gittinger called the

dishwasher type an “Externalizer” (E). He found that if

he measured a high digit span in any person—not just a

short-order cook—he could make a basic judgment about

personality.

From observation, Gittinger concluded that babies

were born with distinct personalities which then were

modified by environmental factors. The Internalized—or I—

baby was caught up in himself and tended to be seen as a

passive child; hence, the world usually called him a

“good baby.” The E tot was more interested in outside

stimuli and attention, and thus was more likely to cause

his parents problems by making demands. Gittinger

believed that the way parents and other authority figures

reacted to the child helped to shape his personality.

Adults often pressured or directed the I child to become

more outgoing and the E one to become more self-

sufficient. Gittinger found he could measure the

compensations, or adjustments, the child made on another

Wechsler subtest, the one that rated arithmetic ability.

He noticed that in later life, when the person was

subject to stress, these compensations tended to

disappear, and the person reverted to his original

personality type. Gittinger wrote that his system “makes

possible the assessment of fundamental discrepancies

between the surface personality and the underlying

personality structure—discrepancies that produce tension,

conflict, and anxiety.”

Besides the E-I dimensions, Gittinger identified two

other fundamental sets of personality characteristics

that he could measure with still other Wechsler subtests.

Depending on how a subject did on the block design

subtest, Gittinger could tell if he were Regulated (R) or

Flexible (F). The Regulated person had no trouble

learning by rote but usually did not understand what he

learned. The Flexible individual, on the other hand, had

to understand something before he learned it. Gittinger

noted that R children could learn to play the piano

moderately well with comparatively little effort. The F

child most often hated the drudgery of piano lessons, but

Gittinger observed that the great concert pianists tended

to be Fs who had persevered and mastered the instrument.

Other psychologists had thought up personality

dimensions similar to Gittinger’s E and I, R and F. even

if they defined them somewhat differently. Gittinger’s

most original contribution came in a third personality

dimension, which revealed how well people were able to

adapt their social behavior to the demands of the culture

they lived in. Gittinger found he could measure this

dimension with the picture arrangement Wechsler subtest,

and he called it the Role Adaptive (A) or Role Uniform

(U). It corresponded to “charisma,” since other people

were naturally attracted to the A person while they

tended to ignore the U.

All this became immensely more complicated as

Gittinger measured compensations and modifications with

other Wechsler subtests. This complexity alone worked

against the acceptance of his system by the outside

world, as did the fact that he based much of it on ideas

that ran contrary to accepted psychological doctrine—such

as his heretical notion that genetic differences existed.

It did not help, either, that Gittinger was a non-Ph.D.

whose theory sprang from the kitchen habits of vagrants

in Oklahoma.

Any one of these drawbacks might have stifled

Gittinger in the academic world, but to the pragmatists

in the CIA, they were irrelevant. Gittinger’s strange

ideas seemed to work. With uncanny accuracy, he could

look at nothing more than a subject’s Wechsler numbers,

pinpoint his weaknesses, and show how to turn him into an

Agency spy. Once Gittinger’s boss, Sid Gottlieb, and

other high CIA officials realized how Gittinger’s PAS

could be used to help case officers handle agents, they

gave the psychologist both the time and money to improve

his system under the auspices of the Human Ecology

Society.

Although he was a full-time CIA employee, Gittinger

worked under Human Ecology cover through the 1950s.

Agency officials considered the PAS to be one of the

Society’s greatest triumphs, definitely worth continuing

after the Society was phased out. In 1962 Gittinger and

his co-workers moved their base of operations from the

Human Ecology headquarters in New York to a CIA

proprietary company, set up especially for them in

Washington and called Psychological Assessment

Associates. Gittinger served as president of the company,

whose cover was to provide psychological services to

American firms overseas. He personally opened a branch

office in Tokyo (later moved to Hong Kong) to service CIA

stations in the Far East. The Washington staff, which

grew to about 15 professionals during the 1960s, handled

the rest of the world by sending assessment specialists

off for temporary visits.

Hundreds of thousands of dollars in Human Ecology

grants and then even more money in Psychological

Assessment contracts—all CIA funds—flowed out to verify

and expand the PAS. For example, the Society gave about

$140,000 to David Saunders of the Educational Testing

Service, the company that prepares the College Board

exams. Saunders, who knew about the Agency’s involvement,

found a correlation between brain (EEG) patterns and

results on the digit-span test, and he helped Gittinger

apply the system to other countries. In this regard,

Gittinger and his colleagues understood that the Wechsler

battery of subtests had a cultural bias and that a

Japanese E had a very different personality from, say, a

Russian E. To compensate, they worked out localized

versions of the PAS for various nations around the world.

While at the Human Ecology group, Gittinger

supervised much of the Society’s other research in the

behavioral sciences, and he always tried to interest

Society grantees in his system. He looked for ways to

mesh their research with his theories—and vice versa.

Some, like Carl Rogers and Charles Osgood, listened

politely and did not follow up. Yet Gittinger would

always learn something from their work that he could

apply to the PAS. A charming man and a skillful

raconteur, Gittinger convinced quite a few of the other

grantees of the validity of his theories and the

importance of his ideas. Careful not to threaten the egos

of his fellow professionals, he never projected an air of

superiority. Often he would leave people even the

skeptical—openmouthed in awe as he painted unnervingly

accurate personality portraits of people he had never

met. Indeed, people frequently accused him of somehow

having cheated by knowing the subject in advance or

peeking at his file.

Gittinger patiently and carefully taught his system

to his colleagues, who all seem to have views of him that

range from great respect to pure idolatry. For all his

willingness to share the PAS, Gittinger was never able to

show anyone how to use the system as skillfully as he

did. Not that he did not try; he simply was a more

talented natural assessor than any of the others.

Moreover, his system was full of interrelations and

variables that he instinctively understood but had not

bothered to articulate. As a result, he could look at

Wechsler scores and pick out behavior patterns which

would be valid and which no one else had seen. Even after

Agency officials spent a small fortune trying to

computerize the PAS, they found, as one psychologist puts

it, the machine “couldn’t tie down all the variables”

that Gittinger was carrying around in his head.

Some Human Ecology grantees, like psychiatrist Robert

Hyde, were so impressed with Gittinger’s system that they

made the PAS a major part of their own research. Hyde

routinely gave Wechslers to his subjects before plying

them with liquor, as part of the Agency’s efforts to find

out how people react to alcohol. In 1957 Hyde moved his

research team from Boston Psychopathic Hospital, where he

had been America’s first LSD tripper, to Butler Health

Center in Providence. There, with Agency funds, Hyde

built an experimental party room in the hospital,

complete with pinball machine, dartboard, and bamboo bar

stools. From behind a two-way mirror, psychologists

watched the subjects get tipsy and made careful notes on

their reaction to alcohol. Not surprisingly, the

observers found that pure Internalizers became more

withdrawn after several drinks, and that uncompensated Es

were more likely to become garrulous—in essence, sloppy

drunks. Thus Gittinger was able to make generalizations

about the different ways an I or an E responded to

alcohol.[2] Simply by knowing how people scored on the

Wechsler digit-span test, he could predict how they would

react to liquor. Hyde and Harold Abramson at Mount Sinai

Hospital made the same kind of observations for LSD

finding, among other things, that an E was more likely

than an I to have a bad trip. (Apparently, an I is more

accustomed than an E to “being into his own head” and

losing touch with external reality.)

At Gittinger’s urging, other Human Ecology grantees

gave the Wechsler battery to their experimental subjects

and sent him the scores. He was building a unique data

base on all phases of human behavior, and he needed

samples of as many distinct groups as possible. By

getting the scores of actors, he could make

generalizations about what sort of people made good role-

players. Martin Orne at Harvard sent in scores of

hypnosis subjects, so Gittinger could separate the

personality patterns of those who easily went into a

trance from those who could not be hypnotized. Gittinger

collected Wechslers of businessmen, students, high-priced

fashion models, doctors, and just about any other

discrete group he could find a way to have tested. In

huge numbers, the Wechslers came flowing in—29,000 sets

in all by the early 1970s—each one accompanied by

biographic data. With the 10 subtests he used and at

least 10 possible scores on each of those, no two

Wechsler results in the whole sample ever looked exactly

the same. Gittinger kept a computer printout of all

29,000 on his desk, and he would fiddle with them almost

every day—looking constantly for new truths that could be

drawn out of them.

John Gittinger was interested in all facets of

personality, but because he worked for the CIA, he

emphasized deviant forms. He particularly sought out

Wechslers of people who had rejected the values of their

society or who had some vice—hidden or otherwise—that

caused others to reject them. By studying the scores of

the defectors who had come over to the West, Gittinger

hoped to identify common characteristics of men who had

become traitors to their governments. If there were

identifiable traits, Agency operators could look for them

in prospective spies. Harris Isbell, who ran the MKULTRA

drug-testing program at the Lexington, Kentucky detention

hospital, sent in the scores of heroin addicts. Gittinger

wanted to know what to look for in people susceptible to

drugs. The Human Ecology project at Ionia State Hospital

in Michigan furnished Wechslers of sexual psychopaths.

These scores showed that people with uncontrollable urges

have different personality patterns than so-called

normals. Gittinger himself journeyed to the West Coast to

test homosexuals, lesbians, and the prostitutes he

interviewed under George White’s auspices in the San

Francisco safehouse. With each group, he separated out

the telltale signs that might be a future indicator of

their sexual preference in others. Gittinger understood

that simply by looking at the Wechsler scores of someone

newly tested, he could pick out patterns that

corresponded to behavior of people in the data base.

The Gittinger system worked best when the TSS staff

had a subject’s Wechsler scores to analyze, but Agency

officials could not very well ask a Russian diplomat or

any other foreign target to sit down and take the tests.

During World War II, OSS chief William Donovan had faced

a similar problem in trying to find out about Adolf

Hitler’s personality, and Donovan had commissioned

psychoanalyst Walter Langer to make a long-distance

psychiatric profile of the German leader. Langer had

sifted through all the available data on the Führer, and

that was exactly what Gittinger’s TSS assessments staff

did when they lacked direct contact (and when they had

it, too). They pored over all the intelligence gathered

by operators, agents, bugs, and taps and looked at

samples of a man’s handwriting.[3] The CIA men took the

process of “indirect assessment” one step further than

Langer had, however. They observed the target’s behavior

and looked for revealing patterns that corresponded with

traits already recorded among the subjects of the 29,000

Wechsler samples.

Along this line, Gittinger and his staff had a good

idea how various personality types acted after consuming

a few drinks. Thus, they reasoned, if they watched a

guest at a cocktail party and he started to behave in a

recognizable way—by withdrawing, for instance—they could

make an educated guess about his personality type—in this

case, that he was an I. In contrast, the drunken Russian

diplomat who became louder and began pinching every woman

who passed by probably was an E. Instead of using the

test scores to predict how a person would behave, the

assessments staff was, in effect, looking at behavior and

working backward to predict how the person would have

scored if he had taken the test. The Gittinger staff

developed a whole checklist of 30 to 40 patterns that the

skilled observer could look for. Each of these traits

reflected one of the Wechsler subtests, and it

corresponded to some insight picked up from the 29,000

scores in the data base.

Was the target sloppy or neat? Did he relate to women

stiffly or easily? How did he hold a cigarette and put it

into his mouth? When he went through a receiving line,

did he immediately repeat the name of each person

introduced to him? Taken as a whole, all these

observations allowed Gittinger to make a reasoned

estimate about a subject’s personality, with emphasis on

his vulnerabilities. As Gittinger describes the system,

“If you could get a sample of several kinds of

situations, you could begin to get some pretty good

information.” Nevertheless, Gittinger had his doubts

about indirect assessment. “I never thought we were good

at this,” he says.

The TSS assessment staff, along with the Agency’s medical office use the PAS indirectly to keep up the OSS tradition of making psychological portraits of world leaders like Hitler. Combining analytical techniques with gossipy intelligence, the assessors tried to give high-level U.S. officials a better idea of what moved the principal international political figures.[4] One such study of an American citizen spilled over into the legally forbidden domestic area when in 1971 the medical office prepared a profile of Daniel Ellsberg at the request of the White House. To get raw data for the Agency assessors, John Ehrlichman authorized a break-in at Ellsberg’s psychiatrist’s office in California. John Gittinger vehemently denies that his staff played any role in preparing this profile, which the White House plumbers intended to use as a kind of psychological road map to compromise Ellsberg—just as CIA operators regularly worked from such assessments to exploit the weaknesses of foreigners.

Whether used directly or indirectly, the PAS gave Agency case officers a tool to get a better reading of

the people with whom they dealt. CIA field stations overseas routinely sent all their findings on a target,

along with indirect assessment checklists, back to Washington, so headquarters personnel could decide whether or not to try recruitment. The TSS assessment staff contributed to this process by attempting to

predict what ploys would work best on the man in the case officers’ sights. “Our job was to recommend what strategy to try,” says a onetime Gittinger colleague. This source states he had direct knowledge of cases where TSS recommendations led to sexual entrapment operations, both hetero- and homosexual. “We had women ready—called them a stable,” he says, and they found willing men when they had to.

One CIA psychologist stresses that the PAS only provided “clues” on how to compromise people. “If

somebody’s assessment came in like the sexual psychopaths’, it would raise red flags,” he notes. But

TSS staff assessors could only conclude that the target had a potentially serious sex problem. They could by no means guarantee that the target’s defenses could be broken. Nevertheless, the PAS helped dictate the best weapons for the attack. “I’ve heard John [Gittinger] say there’s always something that someone wants,” says another former Agency psychologist. “And with the PAS you can find out what it is. It’s not necessarily sex or booze. Sometimes it’s status or recognition or security.”

Yet another Gittinger colleague describes this process as “looking for soft spots.” He states that after years of working with the system, he still bridled at a few of the more fiendish ways “to get at people” that his colleagues dreamed up. He stayed on until retirement, however, and he adds, “None of this was personal. It was for national security reasons.”

A few years ago, ex-CIA psychologist James Keehner told reporter Maureen Orth that he personally went to New York in 1969 to give Wechsler tests to an American nurse who had volunteered her body for her country. “We wanted her to sleep with this Russian,” explained Keehner. “Either the Russian would fall in love with her and defect, or we’d blackmail him. I had to see if she could sleep with him over a period of time and not get involved emotionally. Boy, was she tough!” Keehner noted that he became disgusted with entrapment techniques, especially after watching a film of an agent in bed with a “recruitment target.” He pointed out that Agency case officers, many of whom “got their jollies” from such work, used a hidden camera to get their shots. The sexual technology developed in the MKULTRA safehouses in New York and San Francisco had been put to work. The operation worked no better in the 1960s, however, than TSS officials predicted such activities would a decade earlier. “You don’t really recruit agents with sexual blackmail,” Keehner concluded. “That’s why I couldn’t even take reading the files after a while. I was sickened at seeing people take pleasure in other people’s inadequacies. First of all, I thought it was just dumb. For all the money going out, nothing ever came back.”

Keehner became disgusted by the picking-at-scabs aspect of TSS assessment work. Once the PAS had

identified a target as having potential mental instabilities, staff members sometimes suggested ways to

break him down, reasoning that by using a ratchet-like approach to put him under increased pressure, they might be able to break the lines that tied him to his country, if not to his sanity. Keehner stated, “I was sent to deal with the most negative aspects of the human condition. It was planned destructiveness. First, you’d check to see if you could destroy a man’s marriage. If you could, then that would be enough to put a lot of stress on the individual, to break him down. Then you might start a minor rumor campaign against him. Harass him constantly. Bump his car in traffic. A lot of it is ridiculous, but it may have a cumulative effect.” Agency case officers might also use this same sort of stress-producing campaign against a particularly effective enemy intelligence officer whom they knew they could never recruit but whom they hoped to neutralize.

Most operations—including most recruitments—did not rely on such nasty methods. The case officer still

benefited from the TSS staffs assessment, but he usually wanted to minimize stress rather than accentuate it. CIA operators tended to agree that the best way to recruit an agent was to make the relationship as productive and satisfying as possible for him, operating from the old adage about catching more flies with honey than vinegar. “You pick the thing most fearful to him—the things which would cause him the most doubt,” says the source. “If his greatest fear is that he can’t trust you to protect him and his family, you overload your pitch with your ability to do it. Other people need structure, so you tell them exactly what they will need to do. If you leave it open-ended, they’ll be scared you’ll ask them to do things they’re incapable of.”[5]

Soon after the successful recruitment of a foreigner to spy for the CIA, either a CIA staff member or a

specially trained case officer normally sat down with the new agent and gave him the full battery of Wechsler subtests—a process that took several hours. The tester never mentioned that the exercise had anything to do with personality but called it an “aptitude” test—which it also is. The assessments office in Washington then analyzed the results. As with the polygraph, the PAS helped tell if the agent were lying. It could often delve deeper than surface concepts of true and false. The PAS might show that the agent’s motivations were not in line with his behavior. In that case, if the gap were too great, the case officer could expect to run up against considerable deception—resulting either from espionage motives or psychotic tendencies.

The TSS staff assessors sent a report back to the field on the best way to deal with the new agent and the

most effective means to exploit him. They would recommend whether his case officer should treat him sternly or permissively. If the agent were an Externalizer who needed considerable companionship, the assessors might suggest that the case officer try to spend as much time with him as possible.[6] They would probably recommend against sending this E agent on a long mission into a hostile country, where he could not have the friendly company he craved.

Without any help from John Gittinger or his system, covert operators had long been deciding matters like

these, which were, after all, rooted in common sense. Most case officers prided themselves on their ability to play their agents like a musical instrument, at just the right tempo, and the Gittinger system did not shake their belief that nothing could beat their own intuition. Former CIA Deputy Director Ray Cline expresses a common view when he says the PAS “was part of the system—kind of a check-and-balance—a supposedly scientific tool that was not weighed very heavily. I never put as much weight on the psychological assessment reports as on a case officer’s view…. In the end, people went with their own opinion.” Former Director William Colby found the assessment reports particularly useful in smoothing over that “traumatic” period when a case officer had to pass on his agent to a replacement. Understandably, the agent often saw the switch as a danger or a hardship. “The new guy has to show some understanding and sympathy,” says Colby, who had 30 years of operational experience himself, “but it doesn’t work if these feelings are not real.”

For those Agency officers who yearned to remove as much of the human element as possible from agent

operations, Gittinger’s system was a natural. It reduced behavior to a workable formula of shorthand letters that, while not insightful in all respects, gave a reasonably accurate description of a person. Like Social Security numbers, such formulas fitted well with a computerized approach. While not wanting to overemphasize the Agency’s reliance on the PAS, former Director Colby states that the system made dealing with agents “more systematized, more professional.”

In 1963 the CIA’s Inspector General gave the TSS assessment staff high marks and described how it fit into operations:

The [Clandestine Services] case officer is first and foremost, perhaps, a practitioner of the art of assessing

and exploiting human personality and motivations for ulterior purposes. The ingredients of advanced skill in this art are highly individualistic in nature, including such qualities as perceptiveness and imagination. [The PAS] seeks to enhance the case officer’s skill by bringing the methods and disciplines of psychology to bear…. The prime objectives are control, exploitation, or neutralization. These objectives are innately anti-ethical rather than therapeutic in their intent.

In other words, the PAS is directed toward the relationship between the American case officer and his

foreign agent, that lies at the heart of espionage. In that sense, it amounts to its own academic discipline—the psychology of spying—complete with axioms and reams of empirical data. The business of the PAS, like that of the CIA, is control. One former CIA psychologist, who still feels guilty about his participation in certain Agency operations, believes that the CIA’s fixation on control and manipulation mirrors, in a more virulent form, the way Americans deal with each other generally. “I don’t think the CIA is too far removed from the culture,” he says. “It’s just a matter of degree. If you put a lot of money out there, there are many people who are lacking the ethics even of the CIA. At least the Agency had an ideological basis.” This psychologist believes that the United States has become an extremely control-oriented society—from the classroom to politics to television advertising. Spying and the PAS techniques are unique only in that they are more systematic and secret.

Another TSS scientist believes that the Agency’s behavioral research was a logical extension of the

efforts of American psychologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists to change behavior—which he calls their “sole motivation.” Such people manipulate their subjects in trying to make mentally disturbed people well, in turning criminals into law-abiding citizens, in improving the work of students, and in pushing poor people to get off welfare. The source cites all of these as examples of “behavior modification” for socially acceptable reasons, which, like public attitudes toward spying, change from time to time. “Don’t get the idea that all these behavioral scientists were nice and pure, that they didn’t want to change anything, and that they were detached in their science,” he warns. “They were up to their necks in changing people. It just happened that the things they were interested in were not always the same as what we were.” Perhaps the saving grace of the behavioral scientists is summed up by longtime MKULTRA consultant Martin Orne: “We are sufficiently ineffective so that our findings can be published.” With the PAS, CIA officials had a handy tool for social engineering. The Gittinger staff found one use for it in the sensitive area of selecting members of foreign police and intelligence agencies. All over the globe, Agency operators have frequently maintained intimate working relations with security services that have consistently mistreated their own citizens. The assessments staff played a key role in choosing members of the secret police in at least two countries whose human-rights records are among the world’s worst.

In 1961, according to TSS psychologist John Winne, the CIA and the Korean government worked together to establish the newly created Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA). The American CIA station in Seoul asked

headquarters to send out an assessor to “select the

initial cadre” of the KCIA. Off went Winne on temporary

duty. “I set up an office with two translators,” he

recalls, “and used a Korean version of the Wechsler.” The

Agency psychologist gave the tests to 25 to 30 police and

military officers and wrote up a half-page report on

each, listing their strengths and weaknesses. Winne

wanted to know about each candidate’s “ability to follow

orders, creativity, lack of personality disorders,

motivation—why he wanted out of his current job. It was

mostly for the money, especially with the civilians.” The

test results went to the Korean authorities, whom Winne

believes made the personnel decisions “in conjunction

with our operational people.”

“We would do a job like this and never get feedback, so we were never sure we’d done a good job,” Winne complains. Sixteen years after the end of his mission to Seoul and after news of KCIA repression at home and bribes to American congressmen abroad, Winne feels that his best efforts had “boomeranged.” He states that Tongsun Park was not one of the KCIA men he tested.

In 1966 CIA staffers, including Gittinger himself, took part in selecting members of an equally

According to John Cassidy, the CIA’s deputy station chief there at the time, Agency operators worked to set up this special force together with the Agency for International Development’s Public Safety Mission (whose members included Dan Mitrione, later kidnapped and killed by the Tupamaros). The CIA-assisted police claimed they were in a life-and-death struggle against the guerrillas, and they used incredibly brutal methods, including torture, to stamp out most of the Uruguayan left along with the guerrillas.

While the special police were being organized, “John [Gittinger] came down for three days to get the program underway,” recalls Cassidy. Then Hans Greiner, a Gittinger associate, ran Wechslers on 20 Uruguayan candidates. One question on the information subtest was “How many weeks in the year?” Eighteen of the 20 said it was 48, and only one man got the answer right. (Later he was asked about his answer, and he said he had made a mistake; he meant 48.) But when Greiner asked this same group of police candidates, “Who wrote Faust?” 18 of the 20 knew it was Goethe. “This tells you something about the culture,” notes Cassidy, who served the Agency all over Latin America. It also points up the difficulty

Gittinger had in making the PAS work across cultural lines.

In any case, CIA man Cassidy found the assessment process most useful for showing how to train the antiterrorist section. “According to the results, these men were shown to have very dependent psychologies and they needs d strong direction,” recalls the now-retired operator. Cassidy was quite pleased with the contribution Gittinger and Greiner made. “For years I had been dealing with Latin Americans,” says Cassidy, “and here, largely by psychological tests, one of [Gittinger’s] men was able to analyze people he had no experience with and give me some insight into them…. Ordinarily, we would have just selected the men and gone to work on them.”

In helping countries like South Korea and Uruguay pick their secret police, TSS staff members often

inserted a devilish twist with the PAS. They could not only choose candidates who would make good investigators, interrogators, or whatever, but they could also spot those who were most likely to succumb to future CIA blandishments. “Certain types were more recruitable,” states a former assessor. “I looked for them when I wrote my reports…. Anytime the Company [the CIA] spent money for training a foreigner, the object was that he would ultimately serve our control purposes.” Thus, CIA officials were not content simply to work closely with these foreign intelligence agencies; they insisted on penetrating them, and the PAS provided a useful aid.

In 1973 John Gittinger and his longtime associate John Winne, who picked KCIA men, published a basic

description of the PAS in a professional journal. Although others had written publicly about the system, this article apparently disturbed some of the Agency’s powers, who were then cutting back on the number of CIA employees at the order of short-time Director James Schlesinger.

Shortly thereafter, Gittinger, then 56, stopped being president of Psychological Assessment Associates but

stayed on as a consultant. In 1974 I wrote about Gittinger’s work, albeit incompletely, in Rolling Stone magazine. Gittinger was disturbed that disclosure of his CIA connection would hurt his professional reputation. “Are we tarred by a brush because we worked for the CIA?” he asked during one of several rather emotional exchanges. “I’m proud of it.” He saw no ethical problems in “looking for people’s weaknesses” if it helped the CIA obtain information, and he declared that for many years most Americans thought this was a useful process. At first, he offered to give me the Wechsler tests and prepare a personality assessment to explain the system, but Agency officials prohibited his doing so. “I was given no explanation,” said the obviously disappointed Gittinger. “I’m very proud of my professional work, and I had looked forward to being able to explain it.”

In August 1977 Gittinger publicly testified in Senate hearings. While he obviously would have preferred talking about his psychological research, his most persistent questioner, Senator Edward Kennedy, was much more interested in bringing out sensational details about prostitutes and drug testing. A proud man, Gittinger felt “humiliated” by the experience, which ended with him looking foolish on national television. The next month, the testimony of his former associate, David Rhodes, further bruised Gittinger. Rhodes told the Kennedy subcommittee about Gittinger’s role in leading the “Gang that Couldn’t Spray Straight” in an abortive attempt to test LSD in aerosol cans on unwitting subjects. ittinger

does not want his place in history to be determined by this kind of activity. He would like to see his Personality Assessment System accepted as an important contribution to science.

Tired of the controversy and worn down by trying to explain the PAS, Gittinger has moved back to his native Oklahoma. He took a copy of the 29,000 Wechsler results with him, but he has lost his ardor for working with them. A handful of psychologists around the country still swear by the system and try to pass it on to others. One, who uses it in private practice, says that in therapy it saves six months in understanding the patient. This psychologist takes a full reading of his patient’s personality with the PAS, and then he varies his treatment to fit the person’s problems. He believes that most American psychologists and psychiatrists treat their patients the same whereas the PAS is designed to identify the differences between people. Gittinger very much hopes that others will accept this view and move his system into the mainstream. “It means nothing unless I can get someone else to work on it,” he declares. Given the preconceptions of the psychological community, the inevitable taint arising from the CIA’s role in developing the system, and Gittinger’s lack of academic credentials and energy, his wish will probably not be fulfilled.

Notes

The material on the Gittinger Personality Assessment System (PAS) comes from “An Introduction to the

Personality Assessment System” by John Winne and John Gittinger, Monograph Supplement No. 38, Clinical Psychology Publishing Co., Inc. 1973; an interview with John Winne; interviews with three other former CIA psychologists; 1974 interviews with John Gittinger by the author; and an extended interview with Gittinger by Dr. Patricia Greenfield, Associate Professor of Psychology at UCLA. Some of the material was used first in a Rolling Stone article, July 18, 1974, “The CIA Won’t Quite Go Public.” Robert Hyde’s alcohol research at Butler Health Center was MKULTRA Subproject 66. See especially 66-17, 27 August, 1958. Subject: Proposed Alcohol Study—19581959 and 66-5. undated, Subject: Equipment—Ecology Laboratory.

The 1963 Inspector General’s report on TSS, as first released under the Freedom of Information Act, did not include the section on personality assessment quoted from in the chapter. An undated, untitled document, which was obviously this section, was made available in one of the CIA’s last releases.

Information on the psychological profile of Ferdinand Marcos came from a U.S. Government source who had read it. Information on the profile of the Shah of Iran came from a column by Jack Anderson and Les Whitten “CIA Study Finds Shah Insecure,” Washington Post, July 11, 1975.

The quotes from James Keehner came from an article in New Times by Maureen Orth, “Memoirs of a CIA Psychologist,” June 25, 1975.

For related reports on the CIA’s role in training foreign police and its activities in Uruguay, see an

The quote from Martin Orne was taken from Patricia Greenfield’s APA Monitor article cited in the last

chapter’s notes.

Gittinger’s testimony before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the Kennedy subcommittee on August 3, 1977 appeared on pages 50-63. David Rhodes’ testimony on Gittinger’s role in the abortive San Francisco LSD spraying appeared in hearings before the Kennedy subcommittee, September 20, 1977, pp. 100-110.

Footnotes

1. Developed by psychologist David Wechsler, this testing system is called, in different versions, the

Wechsler-Bellevue and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. As Gittinger worked with it over the years, he made modifications that he incorporated in what he named the Wechsler-Bellevue-G. For simplicity’s sake, it is simply referred to as the Wechsler system throughout the book.

2. As with most of the descriptions of the PAS made in the book, this is an oversimplification of a more

complicated process. The system, as Gittinger used it, yielded millions of distinct personality types. His

observations on alcohol were based on much more than a straight I and E comparison. For the most complete description of the PAS in the open literature, see the article by Gittinger and Winne cited in the chapter notes.

3. Graphology (handwriting analysis) appealed to CIA officials as a way of supplementing PAS assessments or making judgments when only a written letter was available. Graphology was one of the seemingly arcane fields which the Human Ecology Society had investigated and found operational uses for. The Society wound up funding handwriting research and a publication in West Germany where the subject was taken much more seriously than in the United States, and it sponsored a study to compare handwriting analyses with Wechsler scores of actors (including some homosexuals), patients in

psychotherapy, criminal psychopaths, and fashion models. Gittinger went on to hire a resident graphologist who could do the same sort of amazing things with handwriting as the Oklahoma psychologist could do with Wechsler scores. One former colleague recalls her spotting— accurately—a stomach ailment in a foreign leader simply by reading one letter. Asked in an interview about how the Agency used her work, she replied, “If they think they can manipulate a person, that’s none of my business. I don’t know what they do with it. My analysis was not done with that intention…. Something I learned very early in government was not to ask questions.”

4. A profile of Ferdinand Marcos found the Filipino president’s massive personal enrichment while in office to be a natural outgrowth of his country’s tradition of putting loyalty to one’s family and friends ahead of all other considerations. Agency assessors found the Shah of Iran to be a brilliant but dangerous megalomaniac whose problems resulted from an overbearing father, the humiliation of having served as a puppet ruler, and his inability for many years to produce a male heir.

5. This source reports that case officers usually used this sort of nonthreatening approach and switched to the rougher stuff if the target decided he did not want to spy for the CIA. In that case, says the ex-CIA man, “you don’t want the person to say no and run off and tattle. You lose an asset that way—not in the sense of the case officer being shot, but by being nullified.” The spurned operator might then offer not to reveal that the target was cheating on his wife or had had a homosexual affair, in return for the target not disclosing the recruitment attempt to his own intelligence service.

6. While Agency officials might also have used the PAS to select the right case officer to deal with the E

agent—one who would be able to sustain the agent’s need for a close relationship over a long period of time—they almost never used the system with this degree of precision. An Agency office outside TSS did keep Wechslers and other test scores on file for most case officers, but the Clandestine Services management was not willing to turn over the selection of American personnel to the psychologists.

Hypnosis

No mind-control technique has more captured popular imagination—and kindled fears—than hypnosis. Men have long dreamed they could use overwhelming hypnotic powers to compel others to do their bidding. And when CIA officials institutionalized that dream in the early Cold War Days, they tried, like modern-day Svengalis, to use hypnosis to force their favors on unwitting victims. One group of professional experts, as well as popular novelists, argued that hypnosis would lead to major breakthroughs in spying. Another body of experts believed the opposite. The Agency men, who did not fully trust the academics anyway, listened to both points of view and kept looking for applications which fit their own special needs. To them, hypnosis offered too much promise not to be pursued, but finding the answers was such an elusive and dangerous process that 10 years after the program started CIA officials were still searching for practical uses.

The CIA’s first behavioral research czar, Morse Allen of ARTICHOKE, was intrigued by hypnosis. He read everything he could get his hands on, and in 1951 he went to New York for a four-day course from a well-known stage hypnotist. This hypnotist had taken the Svengali legend to heart, and he bombarded Allen with tales of how he used hypnosis to seduce young women. He told the ARTICHOKE chief that he had convinced one mesmerized lady that he was her husband and that she desperately wanted him. That kind of deception has a place in covert operations, and Morse Allen was sufficiently impressed to

report back to his bosses the hypnotist’s claim that “he spent approximately five nights a week away from home engaging in sexual intercourse.”

Apart from the bragging, the stage hypnotist did give Morse Allen a short education in how to capture a

subject’s attention and induce a trance. Allen returned to Washington more convinced than ever of the benefits of working hypnosis into the ARTICHOKE repertory and of the need to build a defense against it. With permission from above, he decided to take his hypnosis studies further, right in his own office. He asked young CIA secretaries to stay after work and ran them through the hypnotic paces—proving to his own satisfaction that he could make them do whatever he wanted. He had secretaries steal SECRET files and pass them on to total strangers, thus violating the most basic CIA security rules. He got them to steal from each other and to start fires. He made one of them report to the bedroom of a strange man and then

go into a deep sleep. “This activity clearly indicates that individuals under hypnosis might be compromised and blackmailed,” Allen wrote.

On February 19, 1954, Morse Allen simulated the ultimate experiment in hypnosis: the creation of a

“Manchurian Candidate,” or programmed assassin. Allen’s “victim” was a secretary whom he put into a deep trance and told to keep sleeping until he ordered otherwise. He then hypnotized a second secretary and told her that if she could not wake up her friend, “her rage would be so great that she would not hesitate to ‘kill.’ ” Allen left a pistol nearby, which the secretary had no way of knowing was unloaded. Even though she had earlier expressed a fear of firearms of any kind, she picked up the gun and “shot” her sleeping friend. After Allen brought the “killer” out of her trance, she had apparent amnesia for the event, denying she would ever shoot anyone.

With this experiment, Morse Allen took the testing as far as he could on a make-believe basis, but he was

neither satisfied nor convinced that hypnosis would produce such spectacular results in an operational

setting. All he felt he had proved was that an impressionable young volunteer would accept a command

from a legitimate authority figure to take an action she may have sensed would not end in tragedy. She presumably trusted the CIA enough as an institution and Morse Allen as an individual to believe he would not let her do anything wrong. The experimental setting, in effect, legitimated her behavior and prevented it from being truly antisocial.

Early in 1954, Allen almost got his chance to try the crucial test. According to a CIA document, the subject was to be a 35-year-old, well-educated foreigner who had once worked for a friendly secret service, probably the CIA itself. He had now shifted his loyalty to another government, and the CIA was quite upset with him. The Agency plan was to hypnotize him and program him into making an assassination attempt. He would then be arrested at the least for attempted murder and “thereby disposed of.” The scenario had several holes in it, as the operators presented it to the ARTICHOKE team. First, the subject was to be involuntary and unwitting, and as yet no one had come up with a consistently effective way of hypnotizing such people. Second, the ARTICHOKE team would have only limited custody of the subject, who was to be snatched from a social event. Allen understood that it would probably take months of painstaking work to prepare the man for a sophisticated covert operation. The subject was highly unlikely to perform after just one command. Yet, so anxious were the ARTICHOKE men to try the experiment that they were willing to go ahead even under these unfavorable conditions: “The final answer was that in view of the fact that successful completion of this proposed act of attempted assassination was

insignificant to the overall project; to wit, whether it was even carried out or not, that under ‘crash conditions’ and appropriate authority from Headquarters, the ARTICHOKE team would undertake the problem in spite of the operational limitations.”

This operation never took place. Eager to be unleashed, Morse Allen kept requesting prolonged access

to operational subjects, such as the double agents and defectors on whom he was allowed to work a day or two. Not every double agent would do. The candidate had to be among the one person in five who made a good hypnotic subject, and he needed to have a dissociative tendency to separate part of his personality from the main body of his consciousness. The hope was to take an existing ego state—such as an imaginary childhood playmate—and build it into a separate personality, unknown to the first. The hypnotist would communicate directly with this schizophrenic offshoot and command it to carry out specific deeds about which the main personality would know nothing. There would be inevitable leakage between the two personalities, particularly in dreams; but if the hypnotists were clever enough, he could build in cover stories and safety valves which would prevent the subject from acting inconsistently.

All during the spring and summer of 1954, Morse Allen lobbied for permission to try what he called “terminal experiments” in hypnosis, including one along the following scenario:

CIA officials would recruit an agent in a friendly foreign country where the Agency could count on the

cooperation of the local police force. CIA case officers would train the agent to pose as a leftist and report on the local communist party. During training, a skilled hypnotist would hypnotize him under the guise of giving him medical treatment (the favorite ARTICHOKE cover for hypnosis). The hypnotist would then provide the agent with information and tell him to forget it all when he snapped out of the trance. Once the agent had been properly conditioned and prepared, he would be sent into action as a CIA spy. Then Agency officials would tip off the local police that the man was a dangerous communist agent, and he would be arrested. Through their liaison arrangement with the police, Agency case officers would

be able to watch and even guide the course of the interrogation. In this way, they could answer many of

their questions about hypnosis on a live guinea pig who believed his life was in danger. Specifically, the men from ARTICHOKE wanted to know how well hypnotic amnesia held up against torture. Could the amnesia be broken with drugs? One document noted that the Agency could even send in a new hypnotist to try his hand at cracking through the commands of the first one. Perhaps the most cynical part of the whole scheme came at the end of the proposal: “In the event that the agent should break down and admit his connection with US intelligence, we a) deny this absolutely and advise the agent’s disposal, or b)

indicate that the agent may have been dispatched by some other organ of US intelligence and that we should thereafter run the agent jointly with [the local intelligence service].”

An ARTICHOKE team was scheduled to carry out field tests along these lines in the summer of 1954. The planning got to an advanced stage, with the ARTICHOKE command center in Washington cabling overseas for the “time, place, and bodies available for terminal experiments.” Then another cable complained of the “diminishing numbers” of subjects available for these tests. At this point, the available record becomes very fuzzy. The minutes of an ARTICHOKE working group meeting indicate that a key Agency official—probably the station chief in the country where the experiments were going to take place—had second thoughts. One participant at the meeting, obviously rankled by the obstructionism, said if this nay-sayer did not change his attitude, ARTICHOKE officials would have the Director himself order the official to go along.

Although short-term interrogations of unwitting subjects with drugs and hypnosis (the “A” treatment)

continued, the more complicated tests apparently never did get going under the ARTICHOKE banner. By the end of the year, 1954, Allen Dulles took the behavioral-research function away from Morse Allen and gave it to Sid Gottlieb and the men from MKULTRA. Allen had directly pursued the goal of creating a Manchurian Candidate, which he clearly believed was possible. MKULTRA officials were just as interested in finding ways to assert control over people, but they had much less faith in the frontal-assault approach pushed by Allen. For them, finding the Manchurian Candidate became a figurative exercise. They did not give up the dream. They simply pursued it in smaller steps, always hoping to increase the percentages in their favor. John Gittinger, the MKULTRA case officer on hypnosis, states, “Predictable absolute control is not possible on a particular individual. Any psychologist, psychiatrist, or preacher can get control over certain kinds of individuals, but that’s not a predictable, definite thing.” Gittinger adds that despite his belief to this effect, he felt he had to give “a fair shake” to people who wanted to try out ideas to the contrary.

Gottlieb and his colleagues had already been doing hypnosis research for two years. They did a few basic

experiments in the office, as Morse Allen did, but they farmed out most of the work to a young Ph.D. candidate at the University of Minnesota, Alden Sears. Sears, who later moved his CIA study project to the University of Denver, worked with student subjects to define the nature of hypnosis. Among many other things, he looked into several of the areas that would be building blocks in the creation of a Manchurian Candidate. Could a hypnotist induce a totally separate personality? Could a subject be

sent on missions he would not remember unless cued by the hypnotist? Sears, who has since become a Methodist minister, refused to talk about methods he experimented with to build second identities.[1] By 1957, he wrote that the experiments that needed to be done “could not be handled in the University situation.” Unlike Morse Allen, he did not want to perform the terminal experiments.

Milton Kline, a New York psychologist who says he also did not want to cross the ethical line but is sure

the intelligence agencies have, served as an unpaid consultant to Sears and other CIA hypnosis research. Nothing Sears or others found disabused him of the idea that the Manchurian Candidate is possible. “It cannot be done by everyone,” says Kline, “It cannot be done consistently, but it can be done.”

A onetime president of the American Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Kline was one of many outside experts to whom Gittinger and his colleagues talked. Other consultants, with equally impressive credentials, rejected Kline’s views. In no other area of the behavioral sciences was there so little accord on basic questions. “You could find an expert who would agree with everything,” says Gittinger. “Therefore, we tried to get everybody.”

The MKULTRA men state that they got too many unsolicited suggestions on how to use hypnosis in covert operations. “The operators would ask us for easy solutions,” recalls a veteran. “We therefore kept a

laundry list of why they couldn’t have what they wanted. We spent a lot of time telling some young kid whose idea we had heard a hundred times why it wouldn’t work. We would wind up explaining why you couldn’t have a free lunch.” This veteran mentions an example: CIA operators put a great deal of time and money into servicing “dead drops” (covert mail pickup points, such as a hollow tree) in the Soviet Union. If a collector was captured, he was likely to give away the locations. Therefore Agency men suggested that TSS find a way to hypnotize these secret mailmen, so they could withstand interrogation and even torture if arrested.

Morse Allen had wanted to perform the “terminal experiment” to see if a hypnotically induced amnesia

would stand up to torture. Gittinger says that as far as he knows, this experiment was never carried out. “I still like to think we were human beings enough that this was not something we played with,” says Gittinger. Such an experiment could have been performed, as Allen suggested, by friendly police in a country like Taiwan or Paraguay. CIA men did at least discuss joint work in hypnosis with a foreign secret service in 1962.[2] Whether they went further simply cannot be said.

Assuming the amnesia would hold, the MKULTRA veteran says the problem was how to trigger it. Perhaps the Russian phrase meaning “You’re under arrest” could be used as a preprogrammed cue, but what if the police did not use these words as they captured the collector? Perhaps the physical sensation of handcuffs being snapped on could do it, but a metal watchband could have the same effect. According to the veteran, in the abstract, the scheme sounded fine, but in practicality, a foolproof way of triggering the amnesia could not be found. “You had to accept that when someone is caught, they’re going to tell some things,” he says.

MKULTRA officials, including Gittinger, did recommend the use of hypnosis in operational experiments on at least one occasion. In 1959 an important double agent, operating outside his homeland, told his Agency case officer that he was afraid to go home again because he did not think he could withstand the tough interrogation that his government used on returning overseas agents. In Washington, the operators approached the TSS men about using hypnosis, backed up with drugs, to change the agent’s attitude. They hoped they could instill in him the “ability or the necessary will” to hold up under questioning.

An MKULTRA official—almost certainly Gittinger—held a series of meetings over a two-week period with the operators and wrote that the agent was “a better than average” hypnotic subject, but that his goal was to get out of intelligence work: The agent “probably can be motivated to make at least one return visit to his homeland by application of any one of a number of techniques, including hypnosis, but he may redefect in the process.” The MKULTRA official continued that hypnosis probably could not produce an “operationally useful” degree of amnesia for the events of the recent past or for the hypnotic treatment itself that the agent “probably has the native ability to withstand ordinary interrogation . . . provided it is to his advantage to do so.”

The MKULTRA office recommended that despite the relatively negative outlook for the hypnosis, the Agency should proceed anyway. The operation had the advantage of having a “fail-safe” mechanism because the level of hypnosis could be tested out before the agent actually had to return. Moreover, the MKULTRA men felt “that a considerable amount of useful experience can be gained from this operation which could be used to improve Agency capability in future applications.” In effect, they would be using hypnosis not as the linchpin of the operation, but as an adjunct to help motivate the agent. Since the proposed operation involved the use of hypnosis and drugs, final approval could only be given by the high-level Clandestine Services committee set up for this purpose and chaired by Richard Helms. Permission was not forthcoming. In June 1960 TSS officials launched an expanded program of operational experiments in hypnosis in cooperation with the Agency’s Counterintelligence Staff. The legendary James Angleton—the prototype for the title character Saxonton in Aaron Latham’s Orchids for Mother and for Wellington in Victor Marchetti’s The Rope Dancer— headed Counterintelligence, which took on some of the CIA’s most sensitive missions (including the illegal Agency spying against domestic dissidents).

Counterintelligence officials wrote that the hypnosis program could provide a “potential breakthrough in

clandestine technology.” Their arrangement with TSS was that the MKULTRA men would develop the technique in the laboratory, while they took care of “field experimentation.”

The Counterintelligence program had three goals: (1) to induce hypnosis very rapidly in unwitting subjects;

The Agency released no information on any “field experimentation” of the latter two goals, which of course are the building blocks of the Manchurian Candidate. Agency officials provided only one heavily censored document on the first goal, rapid induction. In October 1960 the MKULTRA program invested $9,000 in an outside consultant to develop a way of quickly hypnotizing an unwitting subject. John Gittinger says the process consisted of surprising “somebody sitting in a chair, putting your hands on his forehead, and telling the guy to go to sleep.” The method worked “fantastically” on certain people, including some on whom no other technique was effective, and not on others. “It wasn’t that predictable,” notes Gittinger, who states he knows nothing about the field testing.

The test, noted in that one released document, did not take place until July 1963—a full three years after

the Counterintelligence experimental program began, during which interval the Agency is claiming that no other field experiments took place. According to a CIA man who participated in this test, the

Counterintelligence Staff in Washington asked the CIA station in Mexico City to find a suitable candidate or a rapid induction experiment. The station proposed a low-level agent, whom the Soviets had apparently doubled. A Counterintelligence man flew in from Washington and a hypnotic consultant arrived from California. Our source and a fellow case officer brought the agent to a motel room on a pretext. “I puffed him up with his importance,” says the Agency man. “I said the bosses wanted to see him and of course give him more money.” Waiting in an adjoining room was the hypnotic consultant. At a prearranged time, the two case officers gently grabbed hold of the agent and tipped his chair over until the back was touching the floor. The consultant was supposed to rush in at that precise moment and apply the technique. Nothing happened. The consultant froze, unable to do the deed. “You can imagine what we had to do to cover-up,” says the official, who was literally left holding the agent. “We explained we had heard a noise, got excited, and tipped him down to protect him. He was so grubby for money he would have believed any excuse.”

There certainly is a huge difference between the limited aim of this bungled operation and one aimed at

building a Manchurian Candidate. The MKULTRA veteran maintains that he and his colleagues were not interested in a programmed assassin because they knew in general it would not work and, specifically, that they could not exert total control. “If you have one hundred percent control, you have one hundred percent dependency,” he says. “If something happens and you haven’t programmed it in, you’ve got a problem. If you try to put flexibility in, you lose control. To the extent you let the agent choose, you don’t have control.” He admits that he and his colleagues spent hours running the arguments on the Manchurian Candidate back and forth. “Castro was naturally our discussion point,” he declares. “Could you get somebody gung-ho enough that they would go in and get him?” In the end, he states, they decided there were more reliable ways to kill people. “You can get exactly the same thing from people who are hypnotizable by many other ways, and you can’t get anything out of people who are not hypnotizable, so it has no use,” says Gittinger.

The only real gain in employing a hypnotized killer would be, in theory, that he would not remember who ordered him to pull the trigger. Yet, at least in the Castro case, the Cuban leader already knew who was after him. Moreover, there were plenty of people around willing to take on the Castro contract. “A well-trained person could do it without all this mumbo-jumbo,” says the MKULTRA veteran. By going to the Mafia for hitmen, CIA officials in any case found killers who had a built-in amnesia mechanism that had nothing to do with hypnosis.[3]

The MKULTRA veteran gives many reasons why he believes the CIA never actually tried a Manchurian

Candidate operation, but he acknowledges that he does not know.[4] If the ultimate experiments were performed, they would have been handled with incredible secrecy. It would seem, however, that the same kind of reasoning that impelled Sid Gottlieb to recommend testing powerful drugs on unwitting subjects would have led to experimentation along such lines, if not to create the Manchurian Candidate itself, on some of the building blocks, or lesser antisocial acts. Even if the MKULTRA men did not think hypnosis would work operationally, they had not let that consideration prevent them from trying out numerous other techniques. The MKULTRA chief could even have used a defensive rationale: He had to find out if the Russians could plant a “sleeper” killer in our midst, just as Richard Condon’s novel discussed.

If the assassin scenario seemed exaggerated, Gottlieb still would have wanted to know what other uses the

Russians might try. Certainly, he could have found relatively “expendable” subjects, as he and Morse Allen had for other behavior control experiments. And even if the MKULTRA men really did restrain themselves, it is unlikely that James Angleton and his counterintelligence crew would have acted in such a limited fashion when they felt they were on the verge of a “breakthrough in clandestine technology.”

Notes

Morse Allen’s training in hypnosis was described in Document #A/B, V,28/1, 9 July 1951, Subject [Deleted]. His hypnosis experiments in the office are described in a long series of memos. See especially #A/B, III, 2/18, 10 February 1954, Hypnotic Experimentation and Research and #A/B, II, 10/71, 19 August 1954, Subject: Operational/Security [deleted] and unnumbered document, 5 May 1955, Subject: Hypnotism and Covert Operations.

The quote on U.S. prisoners passing through Manchuria came from document #19, 18 June 1953, ARTICHOKE Conference.

Alden Sears’ hypnosis work was the subject of MKULTRA subprojects 5, 25, 29, and 49. See especially 49-28, undated, Proposal for Research in Hypnosis at the [deleted], June 1, 1956 to May 31, 1957, 49-34, undated, Proposals for Research in Hypnosis at the [deleted], June 1, 1956 to May 31, 1957; 5-11, 28 May 1953, Project MKULTRA, Subproject 5 and 5-13,20 April 1954, Subject: [deleted]. See also Patrick Oster’s article in the Chicago Sun-Times, September 4, 1977, “How CIA ‘Hid’ Hypnosis Research.”

The 1959 proposed use of hypnosis that was approved by TSS is described in documents #433, 21 August 1959, Possible Use of Drugs and Hypnosis in [deleted] Operational Case; #434, 27 August 1959, Comments on [deleted]; and #435, 15 September 1959, Possible Use of Drugs and Hypnosis in [deleted] Operational Case.

A long interview with John Gittinger added considerably to this chapter. Mr. Gittinger had refused

earlier to be interviewed directly by me for this book. Our conversation was limited solely to hypnosis.

Footnotes

1. Sears still maintains the fiction that he thought he was dealing only with a private foundation, the

Geschickter Fund, and that he knew nothing of the CIA involvement in funding his work. Yet a CIA document in his MKULTRA subproject says he was “aware of the real purpose” of the project.” Moreover, Sid Gottlieb brought him to Washington in 1954 to demonstrate hypnosis to a select group of Agency officials.

2. Under my Freedom of Information suit, the CIA specifically denied access to the documents concerning the testing of hypnosis and psychedelic drugs in cooperation with foreign intelligence agencies. The justification given was that releasing such documents would reveal intelligence sources and methods, which are exempted by law. The hypnosis experiment was never carried out, according to the generic description of the document which the Agency had to provide in explaining why it had to be withheld.

3. Referring to this CIA-mob relationship, author Robert Sam Anson has written, “It was inevitable:

Gentlemen wishing to be killers gravitated to killers wishing to be gentlemen.”

4. The veteran admits that none of the arguments he uses against a conditioned assassin would apply to a

programmed “patsy” whom a hypnotist could walk through a series of seemingly unrelated events—a visit to a store, a conversation with a mailman, picking a fight at a political rally. The subject would remember everything that happened to him and be amnesic only for the fact the hypnotist ordered him to do these things. There would be no gaping inconsistency in his life of the sort that can ruin an attempt by a hypnotist to create a second personality. The purpose of this exercise is to leave a circumstantial trail that will make the authorities think the patsy committed a particular crime. The weakness might well be that the amnesia would not hold up under police interrogation, but that would not matter if the police did not believe his preposterous story about being hypnotized or if he were shot resisting arrest. Hypnosis expert Milton Kline says he could create a patsy in three months- an assassin would take him six.

170 PART IV CONCLUSIONS

The Search for the Truth

I’m a professional and I just don’t talk about these things. Lots of things are not fit for the public. This has

nothing to do with democracy. It has to do with common sense.

—GRATION H. YASETEVITCH, 1978 (explaining why he did not want to be interviewed for this book)

To hope that the power that is being made available by the behavioral sciences will be exercised by the

scientists, or by a benevolent group, seems to me to be a hope little supported by either recent or distant

history. It seems far more likely that behavioral scientists, holding their present attitudes, will be in the position of the German rocket scientists specializing in guided missiles. First they worked devotedly for

Hitler to destroy the USSR and the United States. Now, depending on who captured them they work devotedly for the USSR in the interest of destroying the United States, or devotedly for the United States in the interest of destroying the USSR. If behavioral scientists are concerned solely with advancing their science it seems most probable that they will serve the purpose of whatever group has the power.

—CARL ROGERS, 1961

Sid Gottlieb was one of many CIA officials who tried to find a way to assassinate Fidel Castro. Castro

survived, of course, and his victory over the Agency in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs put the Agency in the headlines for the first time, in a very unfavorable light. Among the fiasco’s many consequences was

Gottlieb’s loss of the research part of the CIA’s behavior-control programs. Still, he and the others kept trying to kill Castro.

In the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs, President Kennedy reportedly vowed to splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces. In the end, he settled for firing Allen Dulles and his top deputies. To head the Agency, which lost none of its power, Kennedy brought in John McCone, a defense contractor and former head of the Atomic Energy Commission. With no operational background, McCone had a different notion than Dulles of how to manage the CIA, particularly in the scientific area. “McCone never felt akin to the covert way of doing things,” recalls Ray Cline, whom the new Director made his Deputy for Intelligence. McCone apparently believed that science should be in the hands of the scientists, not the clandestine operators, and he brought in a fellow Californian, an aerospace “whiz kid” named Albert “Bud” Wheelon to head a new Agency Directorate for Science and Technology.

Before then, the Technical Services Staff (TSS), although located in the Clandestine Services, had been

the Agency’s largest scientific component. McCone decided to strip TSS of its main research functions—including the behavioral one—and let it concentrate solely on providing operational support. In 1962 he approved a reorganization of TSS that brought in Seymour Russell, a tough covert operator, as the new chief. “The idea was to get a close interface with operations,” recalls an ex-CIA man. Experienced TSS technicians remained as deputies to the incoming field men, and the highest deputyship in all TSS went to Sid Gottlieb, who became number-two man under Russell. For Gottlieb, this was another significant promotion helped along by his old friend Richard Helms, whom McCone had elevated to be head of the Clandestine Services.

In his new job, Gottlieb kept control of MKULTRA. Yet, in order to comply with McCone’s command on research programs, Gottlieb had to preside over the partial dismantling of his own program. The loss was not as difficult as it might have been, because, after 10 years of exploring the frontiers of the mind, Gottlieb had a clear idea of what worked and what did not in the behavioral field. Those areas that still were in the research stage tended to be extremely esoteric and technical, and Gottlieb must have known that if the Science Directorate scored any breakthroughs, he would be brought back into the picture immediately to apply the advances to covert operations.

“Sid was not the kind of bureaucrat who wanted to hold on to everything at all costs,” recalls an admiring

colleague. Gottlieb carefully pruned the MKULTRA lists, turning over to the Science Directorate the exotic subjects that showed no short-term operational promise and keeping for himself those psychological, chemical, and biological programs that had already passed the research stage. As previously stated, he moved John Gittinger and the personality-assessment staff out of the Human Ecology Society and kept them under TSS control in their own proprietary company. While Gottlieb was effecting these changes, his programs were coming under attack from another quarter.

In 1963 the CIA Inspector General did the study that led to the suspension of unwitting drug testing in the San Francisco and New York safehouses. This was a blow to Gottlieb, who clearly intended to hold on to this kind of research. At the same time, the Inspector General also recommended that Agency officials draft a new charter for the whole MKULTRA program, which still was exempt from most internal CIA controls. He found that many of the MKULTRA subprojects were of “insufficient sensitivity” to justify bypassing the Agency’s normal procedures for approving and storing records of highly classified

programs. Richard Helms, still the protector of unfettered behavioral research, responded by agreeing

that there should be a new charter—on the condition that it be almost the same as the old one. “The basic reasons for requesting waiver of standardized administrative controls over these sensitive activities are as valid today as they were in April, 1953,” Helms wrote. Helms agreed to such changes as having the CIA Director briefed on the programs twice a year, but he kept the approval process within his control and made sure that all the files would be retained inside TSS. And as government officials so often do when they do not wish to alter anything of substance, he proposed a new name for the activity. In June 1964 MKULTRA became MKSEARCH. [1]

Gottlieb acknowledged that security did not require transferring all the surviving MKULTRA subprojects over to MKSEARCH. He moved 18 subprojects back into regular Agency funding channels, including ones dealing with the sneezing powders, stink bombs, and other “harassment substances.” TSS officials had encouraged the development of these as a way to make a target physically uncomfortable and hence to cause short-range changes in his behavior.

Other MKULTRA subprojects dealt with ways to maximize stress on whole societies. Just as Gittinger’s

Personality Assessment System provided a psychological road map for exploiting an individual’s weaknesses, CIA “destabilization” plans provided guidelines for destroying the internal integrity of target countries like Castro’s Cuba or Allende’s Chile. Control— whether of individuals or nations—has been the Agency’s main business, and TSS officials supplied tools for the “macro” as well as the “micro” attacks.

For example, under MKULTRA Subproject #143, the Agency gave Dr. Edward Bennett of the University of Houston about $20,000 a year to develop bacteria to sabotage petroleum products. Bennett found a substance that, when added to oil, fouled or destroyed any engine into which it was poured. CIA operators used exactly this kind of product in 1967 when they sent a sabotage team made up of Cuban exiles into France to pollute a shipment of lubricants bound for Cuba. The idea was that the tainted oil would “grind out motors and cause breakdowns,” says an Agency man directly involved. This operation, which succeeded, was part of a worldwide CIA effort that lasted through the 1960s into the 1970s to destroy the Cuban economy. [2] Agency officials reasoned, at least in the first years, that it would be easier to overthrow Castro if Cubans could be made unhappy with their standard of living. “We wanted to keep bread out of the stores so people were hungry,” says the CIA man who was assigned to anti-Castro operations. “We wanted to keep rationing in effect and keep leather out, so people got only one pair of shoes every 18 months.”

Leaving this broader sort of program out of the new structure, Gottlieb regrouped the most sensitive

behavioral activities under the MKSEARCH umbrella. He chose to continue seven projects, and the ones he picked give a good indication of those parts of MKULTRA that Gottlieb considered important enough to save. These included none of the sociological studies, nor the search for a truth drug. Gottlieb put the emphasis on chemical and biological substances—not because he thought these could be used to turn men into robots, but because he valued them for their predictable ability to disorient, discredit, injure, or kill people. He kept active two private labs to produce such substances, funded consultants who had secure ways to test them and ready access to subjects, and maintained a funding conduit to pass money on to these other contractors. Here are the seven surviving MKSEARCH subprojects:

First on the TSS list was the safehouse program for drug testing run by George White and others in the

Federal Bureau of Narcotics. Even in 1964, Gottlieb and Helms had not given up hope that unwitting experiments could be resumed, and the Agency paid out $30,000 that year to keep the safehouses open. In the meantime, something was going on at the “pad”—or at least George White kept on sending the CIA vouchers for unorthodox expenses—$1,100 worth in February 1965 alone under the old euphemism for prostitutes, “undercover agents for operations.” What White was doing with or to these agents cannot be said, but he kept the San Francisco operation active right up until the time it finally closed in June. Gottlieb did not give up on the New York safehouse until the following year.[3]

laboratory This lab, run by at least one former CIA germ expert, gave TSS “a quick-delivery capability to meet anticipated future operational needs,” according to an Agency document. Among other things, it provided a private place for “large-scale production of microorganisms.” The Agency was paying the Army Biological Laboratory at Fort Detrick about $100,000 a year for the same services. With its more complete facilities, Fort Detrick could be used to create and package more esoteric bacteria, but Gottlieb seems to have kept the Baltimore facility going in order to have a way of producing biological weapons without the Army’s germ warriors knowing about it. This secrecy-within secrecy was not unusual when TSS men were dealing with subjects as sensitive as infecting targets with diseases. Except on the most general level, no written records were kept on the subject. Whenever an operational unit in the Agency asked TSS about obtaining a biological weapon, Gottlieb or his aides automatically turned down the request unless the head of the Clandestine Services had given his prior approval. Gottlieb handled these

operational needs personally, and during the early 1960s (when CIA assassination attempts probably were at their peak) even Gottlieb’s boss, the TSS chief, was not told what was happening.

With his biological arsenal assured, Gottlieb also secured his chemical flank in MKSEARCH. Another

subproject continued a relationship set up in 1959 with a prominent industrialist who headed a complex of

companies, including one that custom-manufactured rare chemicals for pharmaceutical producers. This man, whom on several occasions CIA officials gave $100 bills to pay for his products, was able to perform specific lab jobs for the Agency without consulting with his board of directors. In 1960 he supplied the Agency with 3 kilos (6.6 pounds) of a deadly carbamate—the same poison OSS’s Stanley Lovell tried to use against Hitler. [4] This company president also was useful to the Agency because

he was a ready source of information on what was going on in the chemical world. The chemical services he offered, coupled with his biological counterpart, gave the CIA the means to wage “instant” chemical and biological attacks—a capability that was frequently used, judging by the large numbers of receipts and invoices that the CIA released under the Freedom of Information Act. With new chemicals and drugs constantly coming to their attention through their continuing relations with the major pharmaceutical companies, TSS officials needed places to test them, particularly after the safehouses closed. Dr. James Hamilton, the San Francisco psychiatrist who worked with George White in the original OSS marijuana days, provided a way. He became MKSEARCH Subproject #3.

Hamilton had joined MKULTRA in its earliest days and had been used as a West Coast supervisor for Gottlieb and company. Hamilton was one of the renaissance men of the program, working on everything from psychochemicals to kinky sex to carbon-dioxide inhalation. By the early 1960s, he had arranged to get access to prisoners at the California Medical Facility at Vacaville. [5] Hamilton worked through a nonprofit research institute connected to the Facility to carry out, as a document puts it, “clinical testing of behavioral control materials” on inmates. Hamilton’s job was to provide “answers to specific questions and solutions to specific problems of direct interest to the Agency.” In a six-month span in 1967 and 1968, the psychiatrist spent over $10,000 in CIA funds simply to pay volunteers— which a normal rates meant he experimented on between 400 to 1,000 inmates in that time period alone.

Another MKSEARCH subproject provided $20,000 to $25,000 a year to Dr. Carl Pfeiffer. Pfeiflfer’s Agency connection went back to 1951, when he headed the Pharmacology Department at the University of Illinois Medical School. He then moved to Emory University and tested LSD and other drugs on inmates of the Federal penitentiary in Atlanta. From there, he moved to New Jersey, where he continued drug experiments on the prisoners at the Bordentown reformatory. An internationally known pharmacologist, Pfeiffer provided the MKSEARCH program with data on the preparation, use, and effect of drugs. He was readily available if Gottlieb or a colleague wanted a study made of the properties of a

particular substance, and like most of TSS’s contractors, he also was an intelligence source. Pfeiffer was useful in this last capacity during the latter part of the 1960s because he sat on the Food and Drug Administration committee that allocated LSD for scientific research in the United States. By this time, LSD was so widely available on the black market that the Federal Government had replaced the CIA’s informal controls of the 1950s with laws and procedures forbidding all but the most strictly regulated research. With Pfeiffer on the governing committee, the CIA could keep up its traditional role of monitoring above-ground LSD experimentation around the United States.

To cover some of the more exotic behavioral fields, another MKSEARCH program continued TSS’s relationship with Dr. Maitland Baldwin, the brain surgeon at the National Institutes of Health who had been so willing in 1955 to perform “terminal experiments” in sensory deprivation for Morse Allen and the ARTICHOKE program. After Allen was pushed aside by the men from MKULTRA, the new TSS team hired Baldwin as a consultant According to one of them, he was full of bright ideas on how to

control behavior, but they were wary of him because he was such an “eager beaver” with an obvious streak of “craziness.” Under TSS auspices, Baldwin performed lobotomies on apes and then put these simian subjects into sensory deprivation—presumably in the same “box” he had built himself at NIH and then had to repair after a desperate soldier kicked his way out. There is no information available on whether Baldwin extended this work to humans, although he did discuss with an outside consultant how lobotomized patients reacted to prolonged isolation. Like Hamilton, Baldwin was a jack-of-all trades who in one experiment beamed radio frequency energy directly at the brain of a chimpanzee and in

another cut off one monkey’s head and tried to transplant it to the decapitated body of another monkey. Baldwin used $250 in Agency money to buy his own electroshock machine, and he did some kind of unspecified work at a TSS safehouse that caused the CIA to shell out $1450 to renovate and repair the place.

The last MKSEARCH subproject covered the work of Dr. Charles Geschickter, who served TSS both as researcher and funding conduit. CIA documents show that Geschickter tested powerful drugs on mental defectives and terminal cancer patients, apparently at the Georgetown University Hospital in Washington. In all, the Agency put $655,000 into Geschickter’s research on knockout drugs, stress-

producing chemicals, and mind-altering substances. Nevertheless, the doctor’s principal service to TSS

officials seems to have been putting his family foundation at the disposal of the CIA—both to channel

funds and to serve as a source of cover to Agency operators. About $2.1 million flowed through this tightly controlled foundation to other researchers.[6] Under MKSEARCH, Geschickter continued to provide TSS with a means to assess drugs rapidly, and he branched out into trying to knock out monkeys with radar waves to the head (a technique which worked but risked frying vital parts of the brain). The Geschickter Fund for Medical Research remained available as a conduit until 1967. [7]

As part of the effort to keep finding new substances to test within MKSEARCH, Agency officials continued their search for magic mushrooms, leaves, roots, and barks. In 1966, with considerable CIA backing, J. C. King, the former head of the Agency’s Western Hemisphere Division who was eased out after the Bay of Pigs, formed an ostensibly private firm called Amazon Natural Drug Company. King, who loved to float down jungle rivers on the deck of his houseboat with a glass of scotch in hand, searched the backwaters of South America for plants of interest to the Agency and/or medical science. To do the work, he hired Amazon men and women, plus at least two CIA paramilitary operators who worked out of Amazon offices in Iquitos, Peru. They shipped back to the United States finds that included Chondodendron toxicoferum, a paralytic agent which is “absolutely lethal in high doses,” according to Dr. Timothy Plowman, a Harvard botanist who like most of the staff was unwitting of the CIA involvement. Another plant that was collected and grown by Amazon employees was the hallucinogen known as yage, which author William Burroughs has described as “the final fix.”

MKSEARCH went on through the 1960s and into the early 1970s, but with a steadily decreasing budget. In 1964 it cost the Agency about $250,000. In 1972 it was down to four subprojects and $110,000. Gottlieb was a very busy man by then, having taken over all TSS in 1967 when his patron, Richard Helms finally made it to the top of the Agency. In June 1972 Gottlieb decided to end MKSEARCH, thus bringing down the curtain on the quest he himself had started two decades before. He wrote this epitaph for the program: As a final commentary, I would like to point out that, by means of Project MKSEARCH, the Clandestine Service has been able to maintain contact with the leading edge of developments in the field of biological and chemical control of human behavior. It has become increasingly obvious over the last several years that this general area had less and less relevance to current clandestine operations. The reasons for this are many and complex, but two of them are perhaps worth mentioning briefly. On the scientific side, it has become very clear that these materials and techniques are too unpredictable in their

effect on individual human beings, under specific circumstances, to be operationally useful. Our operations officers, particularly the emerging group of new senior operations officers, have shown a discerning and perhaps commendable distaste for utilizing these materials and techniques. They seem to realize that, in addition to moral and ethical considerations, the extreme sensitivity and security constraints of such operations effectively rule them out. About the time Gottlieb wrote these words, the Watergate break-in occurred, setting in train forces that would alter his life and that of Richard Helms. A few months later, Richard Nixon was reselected. Soon after the election, Nixon, for reasons that have never been explained, decided to purge Helms. Before leaving to become Ambassador to Iran, Helms presided over a wholesale destruction of documents and tapes—presumably to minimize information that might later be used against him. Sid Gottlieb decided to follow Helms into retirement, and the two men mutually agreed to get rid of all the documentary traces of MKULTRA. They had never kept files on the safehouse testing or similarly sensitive operations in the first place, but they were determined to erase the existing records of their search to control human behavior. Gottlieb later told a Senate committee that he wanted to get rid of the material because of a “burgeoning paper problem” within the Agency, because the files were of “no constructive use” and might be “misunderstood,” and because he wanted to protect the reputations of the researchers with whom he had collaborated on the assurance of secrecy. Gottlieb got in touch with the men who had physical custody of the records, the Agency’s archivists, who proceeded to destroy what he and Helms thought were the only traces of the program. They made a mistake, however—or the archivists did. Seven boxes of substantive records and reports were incinerated, but seven more containing invoices and financial records survived—apparently due to misfiling.

Nixon named James Schlesinger to be the new head of the Agency, a post in which he stayed only a few months before the increasingly beleaguered President moved him over to be Secretary of Defense at the height of Watergate. During his short stop at CIA, Schlesinger sent an order to all Agency employees asking them to let his office know about any instances where Agency officials might have carried out any improper or illegal actions. Somebody mentioned Frank Olson’s suicide, and it was duly included in the many hundreds of pages of misdeeds reported which became known within the CIA as the “family jewels.”

Schlesinger, an outsider to the career CIA operators, had opened a Pandora’s box that the professionals never managed to shut again. Samples of the “family jewels” were slipped out to New York Times reporter Seymour Hersh, who created a national furor in December 1974 when he wrote about the CIA’s illegal spying on domestic dissidents during the Johnson and Nixon years. President Gerald Ford appointed a commission headed by Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller to investigate the past CIA abuses—and to limit the damage. Included in the final Rockefeller report was a section on how an unnamed Department of the Army employee had jumped out of a New York hotel window after Agency men had slipped him LSD. That revelation made headlines around the country. The press seized upon the sensational details and virtually ignored two even more revealing sentences buried in the Rockefeller text: “The drug program was part of a much larger CIA program to study possible means for controlling human behavior. Other studies explored the effects of radiation, electric-shock, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and harassment substances.”

At this point, I entered the story. I was intrigued by those two sentences, and I filed a Freedom of

Information request with the CIA to obtain all the documents the Agency had furnished the Rockefeller

Commission on behavior control. Although the law requires a government agency to respond within 10 days, it took the Agency more than a year to send me the first 50 documents on the subject, which turned out to be heavily censored.

In the meantime, the committee headed by Senator Frank Church was looking into the CIA, and it called in Sid Gottlieb, who was then spending his retirement working as a volunteer in a hospital in India. Gottlieb secretly testified about CIA assassination programs. (In describing his role in its final report, the Church Committee used a false name, “Victor Scheider.”) Asked about the behavioral-control programs, Gottlieb apparently could not—or would not—remember most of the details.The committee had almost no documents to work with, since the main records had been destroyed in 1973 and the financial files had not yet been found.

The issue lay dormant until 1977, when, about June 1, CIA officials notified my lawyers that they had found the 7 boxes of MKULTRA financial records and that they would send me the releasable portions over the following months. As I waited, CIA Director Stansfield Turner notified President Carter and then the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence that an Agency official had located the 7 boxes. Admiral Turner publicly described MKULTRA as only a program of drug experimentation and not one aimed at behavior control. On July 20 I held a press conference at which I criticized Admiral Turner for his several distortions in describing the MKULTRA program. To prove my various points, I released to the reporters a score of the CIA documents that had already come to me and that gave the flavor of the behavioral efforts. Perhaps it was a slow news day, or perhaps people simply were interested in government attempts to tamper with the mind. In any event, the documents set off a media bandwagon that had the story reported on all three network television news shows and practically everywhere else.

The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and Senator Edward Kennedy’s Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research soon announced they would hold public hearings on the subject. Both panels had looked into the secret research in 1975 but had been hampered by the lack of documents and forthcoming witnesses. At first the two committees agreed to work together, and they held one joint hearing. Then, Senator Barry Goldwater brought behind-the-scenes pressure to get the Intelligence panel, of which he was vice-chairman, to drop out of the proceedings. He claimed, among other things, that the committee was just rehashing old programs and that the time had come to stop dumping on the CIA. Senator Kennedy plowed ahead anyway. He was limited, however, by the small size of the staff he assigned to the investigation, and his people were literally buried in paper by CIA officials, who released 8,000 pages of documents in the weeks before the hearings. As the hearings started, the staff still not had read very thing—let alone put it all in context.

As Kennedy’s staff prepared for the public sessions, the former men from MKULTRA also got ready. According to one of them, they agreed among themselves to “keep the inquiry within bounds that would satisfy the committee.” Specifically, he says that meant volunteering no more information than the Kennedy panel already had. Charles Siragusa, the narcotics agent who ran the New York safehouse, reports he got a telephone call during this period from Ray Treichler, the Stanford Ph.D. who specialized in chemical warfare for the MKULTRA program. “He wanted me to deny knowing about the safehouse,” says Siragusa. “He didn’t want me to admit that he was the guy…. I said there was no way I could do that.” Whether any other ex-TSS men also suborned perjury cannot be said, but several of them appear to have committed perjury at the hearings. [8] As previously noted, Robert Lashbrook denied firsthand knowledge of the safehouse operation when, in fact, he had supervised one of the “pads” and been present, according to George White’s diary, at the time of an “LSD surprise” experiment. Dr. Charles Geschickter testified he had not tested stress-producing drugs on human subjects while both his own 1960 proposal to the Agency and the CIA’s documents indicate the opposite. Despite the presence of a key aide who constantly cued him during the hearings, Senator Kennedy was not prepared to deal with these and other inconsistencies. He took no action to follow up obviously perjured testimony, and he seemed content to win headlines with reports of “The Gang That Couldn’t Spray Straight.” Although that particular testimony had been set up in advance by a Kennedy staffer, the Senator still managed to act surprised when ex-MKULTRA official David Rhodes told of the ill-fated LSD experiment at the Marin County safehouse.

The Kennedy hearings added little to the general state of knowledge on the CIA’s behavior-control

programs. CIA officials, both past and present, took the position that basically nothing of substance was learned during the 25-odd years of research, the bulk of which had ended in 1963, and they were not challenged. That proposition is, on its face, ridiculous, but neither Senator Kennedy nor any other investigator has yet put any real pressure on the Agency to reveal the content of the research—what was actually learned—as opposed to the experimental means of carrying it out. In this book, I have tried to get at some of the substantive questions, but I have had access to neither the scientific records, which Gottlieb and Helms destroyed, nor the principal people involved. Gottlieb, for instance, who moved from India to Santa Cruz, California and then to parts unknown, turned down repeated requests to be interviewed. “I am interested in very different matters than the subject of your book these days,” he wrote, “and do not have either the time or the inclination to reprocess matters that happened a long time ago.”

Faced with these obstacles, I have tried to weave together a representative sample of what went on, but

having dealt with a group of people who regularly incorporated lying into their daily work, I cannot be

sure. I cannot be positive that they never found a technique to control people, despite my definite bias in

favor of the idea that the human spirit defeated the manipulators. Only a congressional committee could compel truthful testimony from people who have so far refused to be forthcoming, and even Congress’ record has not been good so far. A determined investigative committee at least could make sure that the people being probed do not determine the “bounds” of the inquiry.

A new investigation would probably not be worth the effort just to take another stab at MKULTRA and

ARTICHOKE. Despite my belief that there are some skeletons hidden—literally —the public probably now knows the basic parameters of these programs. Thefact is, however, that CIA officials actively experimented with behavior-control methods for another decade after Sid Gottlieb and company lost the research action. The Directorate of Science and Technology—specifically its Office of Research and Development (ORDf did not remain idle after Director McCone transferred the behavioral research function in 1962.

In ORD, Dr. Stephen Aldrich, a graduate of Amherst and Northwestern Medical School, took over the role that Morse Allen and then Sid Gottlieb had played before him. Aldrich had been the medical director of the Office of Scientific Intelligence back in the days when that office was jockeying with Morse Allen for control of ARTICHOKE, so he was no stranger to the programs. Under his leadership, ORD officials kept probing for ways to control human behavior, and they were doing so with space-age technology that made the days of MKULTRA look like the horse-and-buggy era. If man could get to the moon by the end of the 1960s, certainly the well-financed scientists of ORD could make a good shot at conquering inner space.

They brought their technology to bear on subjects like the electric stimulation of the brain. John Lilly

had done extensive work in this field a decade earlier, before concluding that to maintain his integrity he must find another field. CIA men had no such qualms, however. They actively experimented with placing electrodes in the brain of animals and—probably— men. Then they used electric and radio signals to move their subjects around. The field went far beyond giving monkeys orgasms, as Lilly had done. In the CIA itself, Sid Gottlieb and the MKULTRA crew had made some preliminary studies of it. They started in 1960 by having a contractor search all the available literature, and then they had mapped out the parts of animals’ brains that produced reactions when stimulated.

By April 1961 the head of TSS was able to report “we now have a ‘production capability’ ” in brain

stimulation and “we are close to having debugged a prototype system whereby dogs can be guided along

specific courses.” Six months later, a CIA document noted, “The feasibility of remote control of activities

in several species of animals has been demonstrated…. Special investigations and evaluations will be conducted toward the application of selected elements of these techniques to man.” Another six months later, TSS officials had found a use for electric stimulation: this time putting electrodes in the brains of cold-blooded animals—presumably reptiles. While much of the experimentation with dogs and cats was to find a way of wiring the animal and then directing it by remote control into, say, the office of the Soviet ambassador, this cold-blooded project was designed instead for the delivery of chemical and biological agents or for “executive action-type operations,” according to a document. “Executive action” was the CIA’s euphemism for assassination.

With the brain electrode technology at this level, Steve Aldrich and ORD took over the research function

from TSS. What the ORD men found cannot be said, but the open literature would indicate that the field progressed considerably during the 1960s. Can the human brain be wired and controlled by a big enough computer? Aldrich certainly tried to find out.

Creating amnesia remained a “big goal” for the ORD researcher, states an ex-CIA man. Advances in brain surgery, such as the development of three-dimensional, “stereotaxic” techniques, made psychosurgery a much simpler matter and created the possibility that a precisely placed electrode probe could be used to cut the link between past memory and present recall. As for subjects to be used in behavioral experiments of this sort, the ex-CIA man states that ORD had access to prisoners in at least one American penal institution. A former Army doctor stationed at the Edgewood chemical laboratory states that the lab worked with CIA men to develop a drug that could be used to help program in new memories into the mind of an amnesic subject. How far did the Agency take this research? I don’t know.

The men from ORD tried to create their own latter-day version of the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology. Located outside Boston, it was called the Scientific Engineering Institute, and Agency officials had set it up originally in 1956 as a proprietary company to do research on radar and other technical matters that had nothing to do with human behavior. Its president, who says he was a “figurehead,” was Dr. Edwin Land, the founder of Polaroid. In the early 1960s, ORD officials decided to bring it into the behavioral field and built a new wing to the Institute’s modernistic building for the “life sciences.” They hired a group of behavioral and medical scientists who were allowed to carry on their own independent research as long as it met Institute standards. These scientists were available to consult

with frequent visitors from Washington, and they were encouraged to take long lunches in the Institute’s dining room where they mixed with the physical scientists and brainstormed about virtually everything. One veteran recalls a colleague joking, “If you could find the natural radio frequency of a person’s sphincter, you could make him run out of the room real fast.” Turning serious, the veteran states the technique was “plausible,” and he notes that many of the crazy ideas bandied about at lunch developed into concrete projects.

Some of these projects may have been worked on at the Institute’s own several hundred-acre farm located in the Massachusetts countryside. But of the several dozen people contacted in an effort to find out what the Institute did, the most anyone would say about experiments at the farm was that one involved stimulating the pleasure centers of crows’ brains in order to control their behavior. Presumably, ORD men did other things at their isolated rural lab.

Just as the MKULTRA program had been years ahead of the scientific community, ORD activities were similarly advanced. “We looked at the manipulation of genes,” states one of the researchers. “We were interested in gene splintering. The rest of the world didn’t ask until 1976 the type of questions we were facing in 1965…. Everybody was afraid of building the supersoldier who would take orders without questioning, like the kamikaze pilot. Creating a subservient society was not out of sight.” Another Institute man describes the work of a colleague who bombarded bacteria with ultraviolet radiation in order to create deviant strains. ORD also sponsored work in parapsychology. Along with the military services, Agency officials wanted to know whether psychics could read minds or control them from afar (telepathy), if they could gain information about distant places or people (clairvoyance or remote viewing), if they could predict the future (precognition), or influence the movement of physical objects or even the human mind (photokinesis). The last could have incredibly destructive applications, if it worked. For instance, switches setting off nuclear bombs would have to be moved only a few inches to launch a holocaust. Or, enemy psychics, with minds honed to laser-beam sharpness, could launch attacks to burn out the brains of American nuclear scientists. Any or all of these techniques have numerous applications to the spy trade.

While ORD officials apparently left much of the drug work to Gottlieb, they could not keep their hands totally out of this field. In 1968 they set up a joint program, called Project OFTEN, with the Army Chemical Corps at Edgewood, Maryland to study the effects of various drugs on animals and humans. The Army helped the Agency put together a computerized data base for drug testing and supplied military volunteers for some of the experiments. In one case, with a particularly effective incapacitiating agent, the Army arranged for inmate volunteers at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia. Project OFTEN had both offensive and defensive sides, according to an ORD man who described it in a memorandum. He cited as an example of what he and his coworkers hoped to find “a compound that could simulate a heart attack or a stroke in the targeted individual.” In January 1973, just as Richard Helms was leaving the Agency and James Schlesinger was coming in, Project OFTEN was abruptly canceled.

What—if any—success the ORD men had in creating heart attacks or in any of their other behavioral experiments simply cannot be said. Like Sid Gottlieb, Steve Aldrich is not saying, and his colleagues seem even more closemouthed than Gottlieb’s. In December 1977, having gotten wind of the ORD programs, I filed a Freedom of Information request for access to ORD files “on behavioral research, including but not limited to any research or operational activities related to bioelectrics, electric or radio stimulation of the brain, electronic destruction of memory, stereotaxic surgery, psychosurgery, hypnotism, parapsychology, radiation, microwaves, and ultrasonics.” I also asked for documentation on behavioral testing in U.S. penal institutions, and I later added a request for all available files on amnesia. The Agency wrote back six months later that ORD had “identified 130 boxes (approximately 130 cubic feet) of material that are reasonably expected to contain behavioral research documents.”

Considering that Admiral Turner and other CIA officials had tried to leave the impression with Congress and the public that behavioral research had almost all ended in 1963 with the phase-out of MKULTRA, this was an amazing admission. The sheer volume of material was staggering. This book is based on the 7 boxes of heavily censored MKULTRA financial records plus another 3 or so of ARTICHOKE documents, supplemented by interviews. It has taken me over a year, with significant research help, to digest this much smaller bulk. Clearly, greater resources than an individual writer can bring to bear will be needed to get to the bottom of the ORD programs.

A free society’s best defense against unethical behavior modification is public disclosure and awareness.

The more people understand consciousness-altering technology, the more likely they are to recognize its

application, and the less likely it will be used. When behavioral research is carried out in secret, it can be

turned against the government’s enemies, both foreign and domestic. No matter how pure or defense-oriented the motives of the researchers, once the technology exists, the decision to use it is out of their hands. Who can doubt that if the Nixon administration or J. Edgar Hoover had had some foolproof way to control people, they would not have used the technique against their political foes, just as the CIA for years tried to use similar tactics overseas?

As with the Agency’s secrets, it is now too late to put behavioral technology back in the box. Researchers are bound to keep making advances. The technology has already spread to our schools, prisons, and mental hospitals, not to mention the advertising community, and it has also been picked up by police forces around the world. Placing hoods over the heads of political prisoners—a modified form of sensory deprivation—has become a standard tactic around the world, from Northern Ireland to Chile. The Soviet Union has consistently used psychiatric treatment as an instrument of repression. Such methods violate basic human rights just as much as physical abuse, even if they leave no marks on the body.

Totalitarian regimes will probably continue, as they have in the past, to search secretly for ways to

manipulate the mind, no matter what the United States does. The prospect of being able to control people seems too enticing for most tyrants to give up. Yet, we as a country can defend ourselves without sending our own scientists—mad or otherwise—into a hidden war that violates our basic ethical and constitutional principles. After all, we created the Nuremberg Code to show there were limits on scientific research and its application. Admittedly, American intelligence officials have violated our own standard, but the U.S. Government has now officially declared violations will no longer be permitted. The time has come for the United States to lead by example in voluntarily renouncing secret government behavioral research. Other countries might even follow suit, particularly if we were to propose an international agreement which provides them with a framework to do so.

Tampering with the mind is much too dangerous to be left to the spies. Nor should it be the exclusive province of the behavioral scientists, who have given us cause for suspicion. Take this statement by their most famous member, B. F. Skinner: “My image in some places is of a monster of some kind who wants to pull a string and manipulate people. Nothing could be further from the truth. People are manipulated; I just want them to be manipulated more effectively.” Such notions are much more acceptable in prestigious circles than people tend to think: D. Ewen Cameron read papers about “depatterning” with electroshock before meetings of his fellow psychiatrists, and they elected him their president. Human behavior is so important that it must concern us all. The more vigilant we and our representatives are, the less chance we will be unwitting victims.

Notes

The reorganization of TSS was described in document #59, 26 July 1963, Report of the Inspection of MKULTRA and in interviews with Ray Cline, Herbert Scoville, and several other former CIA officials.

Richard Helms’ recommendations for a new MKULTRA charter were described in document #450, 9 June, 1964, Sensitive Research Programs (MKULTRA).

Admiral Stansfield Turner’s statement on the MKULTRA program was made before a joint session of the Kennedy subcommittee and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, August 3, 1977, pp. 4-8.

MKSEARCH programs and their origins in MKULTRA are described in documents #449, 8 April 1964, Revision of Project MKULTRA and #S-1-7, untitled, undated.

Dr. Edward Bennett’s work is the subject of MKULTRA subprojects 104 and 143. See especially 143-23, 11

December 1962, Subject: MKULTRA Subproject 143. Other information on the CIA’s economic sabotage program against Cuba came from interviews with Major General Edward Lansdale, Ray Cline, William Colby, Lincoln Gordon, Covey Oliver, Charles Meyer, Richard Goodwin, Roger Morris, several former CIA and State Department officials, and Cuban government officials.

The continued safehouse operation is MKSEARCH subproject 4. See especially S-12-1, bank statements and receipts of safehouse. The CIA’s dealings with the Treasury Department over the Long committee’s

investigations of wiretaps are detailed in documents #451, 30 January 1967, A Report on a Series of Meetings with Department of the Treasury officials and #452, undated, Meeting with Department of Treasury Official.

The biological laboratory is the subject of MKULTRA subprojects 78 and 110 and MKSEARCH 2. See especially Documents 78-28, September 28, 1962, Subject: PM Support and Biological [deleted] and S-5-6, 8 September 1965, Subject: Hiring by Chief TSD/BB of [deleted], Former Staff Employee in a Consultant Capacity on an Agency Contract. The costs of the Fort Detrick operations came from p. 18 and p. 204 of the Church committee hearings on Unauthorized Storage of Toxic Agents September 16,17, and

James Hamilton’s work is the subject of MKULTRA subprojects 124 and 140 and MKSEARCH Subproject 3. See especially 140-57, 6 May 1965, Subject: Behavioral Control and 140-83, 29 May 1963, Subject: MKULTRA Subproject 140.

The list of parapsychology goals was taken from an excellent article by John Wilhelm in the August 2, 1977 Washington Post: “Psychic Spying?”

Project OFTEN information was taken from document #455,6 May 1974, Subject: Project OFTEN and Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense from Deanne P. Siemer, September 20, 1977, Subject: Experimentation Programs Conducted by the Department of Defense That Had CIA Sponsorship or Participation and That Involved the Administration to Human Subjects of Drugs Intended for Mind-control or Behavior-modification Purposes.

The quote from B. F. Skinner was taken from Peter Schrag’s book, Mind Control (New York: Pantheon, 1978) p. 10.

Footnotes

1. At 1977 Senate hearings, CIA Director Stansfield Turner summed up some of MKULTRA’s accomplishments over its 11-year existence: The program contracted out work to 80 institutions, which included 44 colleges or universities, 15 research facilities or private companies, 12 hospitals or clinics, and 3 penal institutions. I estimate that MKULTRA cost the taxpayers somewhere in the neighborhood of $10 million.

2. This economic sabotage program started in 1961, and the chain of command “ran up to the President,”

according to Kennedy adviser Richard Goodwin. On the CIA side, Agency Director John McCone “was very strong on it,” says his former deputy Ray Cline. Cline notes that McCone had the standing orders to all CIA stations abroad rewritten to include “a sentence or two” authorizing a continuing program to disrupt the Cuban economy. Cuba’s trade thus became a standing target for Agency operators, and with the authority on the books, CIA officials apparently never went back to the White House for renewed approval after Kennedy died, in Cline’s opinion. Three former Assistant Secretaries of State in the Johnson and Nixon administrations say the sabotage, which included everything from driving down the price of Cuban sugar to tampering with cane-cutting equipment, was not brought to their attention. Former CIA Director William Colby states that the Agency finally stopped the economic sabotage program in the early 1970s. Cuban government officials counter that CIA agents were still working to create epidemics among Cuban cattle in 1973 and that as of spring 1978, Agency men were committing acts of sabotage against cargo destined for Cuba.

3. In 1967 a Senate committee chaired by Senator Edward Long was inquiring into wiretapping by government agencies, including the Narcotics Bureau. The Commissioner of Narcotics, then Harry Giordano told a senior TSS man— almost certainly Gottlieb—that if CIA officials were “concerned” about its dealings with the Bureau involving the safehouses coming out during the hearings, the most “helpful thing” they could do would be to “turn the Long committee off.” How the CIA men reacted

to this not very subtle blackmail attempt is unclear from the documents, but what does come out is that the TSS man and another top-level CIA officer misled and lied to the top echelon of the Treasury Department (the Narcotics Bureau’s parent organization) about the safehouses and how they were used.

4. James Moore of the University of Delaware, who also produced carbamates when he was not seeking the magic mushroom, served at times as an intermediary between the industrialist and the CIA.

5. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, it seemed that every radical on the West Coast was saying that the CIA was up to strange things in behavior modification at Vacaville. Like many of yesterday’s conspiracy theories, this one turned out to be true.

6. Geschickter was an extremely important TSS asset with connections in high places. In 1955 he convinced Agency officials to contribute $375,000 in secret funds toward the construction of a new research building at Georgetown University Hospital. (Since this money seemed to be coming from private sources, unwitting Federal bureaucrats doubled it under the matching grant program for hospital construction.) The Agency men had a clear understanding with Geschickter that in return for their contribution, he would make sure they received use of one-sixth of the beds and total space in the facility for their own “hospital safehouse.” They then would have a ready source of “human patients and volunteers for experimental use,” according to a CIA document, and the research program in the building would provide cover for up to three TSS staff members. Allen Dulles personally approved the contribution and then, to make sure, he took it to President Eisenhower’s special committee to review

covert operations. The committee also gave its assent, with the understanding that Geschickter could provide “a reasonable expectation” that the Agency would indeed have use of the space he promised. He obviously did, because the CIA money was forthcoming. (This, incidentally, was the only time in a whole quarter-century of Agency behavior-control activities when the documents show that CIA officials went to the White House for approval of anything. The Church committee found no evidence that either the executive branch or Congress was informed of the programs.)

7. In 1967, after Ramparts magazine exposed secret CIA funding of the National Student Association and numerous nonprofit organizations, President Johnson forbade CIA support of foundations or educational institutions. Inside the Agency there was no notion that this order meant ending relationships, such as the one with Geschickter. In his case, the agile CIA men simply transferred the funding from the foundation to a private company, of which his son was the secretary-treasurer.

8. Lying to Congress followed the pattern of lying to the press that some MKULTRA veterans adopted after the first revelations came out. For example, former Human Ecology Society director James Monroe told The New York Times on August 2, 1977 that “only about 25 to 30 percent” of the Society’s budget came from the CIA—a statement he knew to be false since the actual figure was well over 90 percent. His untruth allowed some other grantees to claim that their particular project was funded out of the non-Agency part of the Society.

Never believe anything until it is officially denied. This website information is a full disclosure of ELF/EMF effects nefariously on “We the People”. Voice of people not Power. Our ENGINEERED CULTURE of INFILTRATIONS, COVER UPS and WHITEWASH (2008) The ROOT of ALL Problems still in manifest!

““First. Then they came for the communists. I didn’t object bc I wasn’t a communist. Then they came for the trade-unionists. I didn’t object bc I wasn’t a trade-unionist. Then they came for the Jews. I didn’t object bc I wasn’t a Jew. Then they came for me and there was no oneleft to help me. ”< famous statement attributed to Pastor Martin Niemöller (1892–1984) about the inactivity of German intellectuals following the Nazi rise to power and the purging of their chosen targets, group after group. peasantrock2, it’s not about loving or hating the ACLU, its about the govt arbitrarily stiffling free speech of America citizens. “We must hang together or we will surely hang separately”

…Ben Franklin””

Shadow CIA 2nd Level since 1973- Psychotronics mind control THE weapon of MASS destruction coupled with a tangible excuse to brainwash humanity. Human Engineering Dumb Down and obese not because you’re born on US Soil.

“Death Ray” for planes was Tesla invention in 1940-Invisible Chinese Wall of defense was built around the Country, no matter how large an attack, Teleforce, manifests FREE energy and creates rays; zapping beams, and a $2,000,000,00 device to zap and melt an airplane motor 250 miles away and an the new invisible war. JP Morgan, Wardencliff Tower was infull action in Long Island NY GITMO innocent with FALSE MEMORY SYNDROME brainwash staying the course, no due process bearing false witness/confessions.

Dr. Walter Bowart Report Pg 6

The rest of the world didn’t ask until 1976 the type of questions we were facing in 1965…. Everybody was afraid of building the supersoldier who would take orders without questioning, like the kamikaze pilot.Creating a subservient society was not out of sight.” Pg 6

Allen Dulles 1957″ Berle wrote in his diary. “If the scientists do what they have laid out for themselves,men will become manageable ants.

HOOVER “clandestine warfare avowed objective had been WORLD DOMINATION by whatever means and COST!”

According to a US Department of Defense directive (S-3600.1, December 9, 1996),

Information warfare has tended to ignore the role of the human body as an information or data processor in thisquest for dominance, except in those cases where an individual’s logic or rational thought may be upset via Dis-information or deception... Yet, the body is capable not only of being deceived, manipulated or mis-informed but also shut down or destroyed

R. Nader & Peter Zatko…

2 different thoughts transmitted at the same time to create fights, chaos, dis-information! First they build TRUST.

“Please keep fearfully in mind that the astonishing information published in this seminal work of investigative reporting, concerning avenues taken to decision and execution by our secret police to fracture or dissolve human minds, then to operate those minds a…

Zombie is a quaint, old-fashioned folklore word but its meaning becomes obscene when our children’s minds are being controlled ... [p.17]”

Wake up America! Time is of the Essence Operation wiki- BRAINWASH + sabotaging your daily life strategically psyops on individuals & subdued Americans

Please call if you can help, or need further information. Destroying careers, Quashed, Pre-empted me 2008 and again 2010 behind scenes.

We The People with TANGIBLE EXCUSES STAGED GLOBALLY & destroy my case of facts with Massive cover ups. Assange my FALL GUY. A story that needs to be told to the Public NOW. Check back soon.

ASSANGE and JFKspeeches below Ben Franklin and current Assassinations.Why…& as if any of this is ok.

How America was/is Mind Controlledbehind scenes to Police crimesinfiltrations and drugs, Politicians Military, Media, Channeled Hollywood minds, UN-REALIZED and Robots! How they took down the economy, 911–not the last coup, de-population by design

COURAGE IS CONTAGIOUS; Wikileaks! An example to discourage whistleblowers. Truths they won’t get from wiki. classified and no clearance, un-wit another layer of whitewash and DIVERSION. Again Pre-empted staged leak & building discredits Expected since 2008 censorships. PAWNS, Cognitive NLP infiltrations cultural, delays to sabotage, BEHAVIOR Science/ MODIFICATIONS, change minds, chaos to confuse argue mis-communications “jacketing” one against the other!

Tampered Impeded threatened and worse, for 4 years. MKultra now DARPA, Psyops mind control CHAOS, Mockingbird, illusions, deployed on US soil decades ago creating criminals to terrorists. The root of all problems-robots in a matrix blaming & framing CORP. GOOGLE etc. CIA is behind scenes on all with ILLUSIONS.

Another layer of FANNED brainwash COVER UP since 2008 to pre-empt me again in attempts to WARN “we the people”. War NSA transmissions USED for war on Americans as pawns to infiltrate raising prices, EVEN induce WALL STREET crimes toppling & 911.

“Rumors were UNTRUE until the telling of them made them true”.Psyops

BEAR STEARNS!

Manipulations and wealth sabotage infiltrated!

PRESS NOT FREEbecause their minds are not free to believe or print mind control and let public decide to with 50 years Operation Mockingbird Cognitive infiltrations created DIS-information behind scenes-taking us down now FALSE documents cover ups! Kay Griggs mind jabbers!

See lawsuit-tab for your relations, environment, ills, your kids They have pick up continued on all your thoughts, habits, groups, organizations … since Church Committee Report went black never ceased & evolved!

“Secrets are for a reason and secret abuses are impossible to correct unless you know they are going on. Knowing their plans before they are implemented to oppose before they occur. If they are exposed by the people already suffering by the abuse, then the abuse has already occurred and it is too late.”

M. Monroe mind control suicides! Mind Control redistribution of wealth.

“When even one American -who has done nothing wrong- is forced by fear to shut his mind and close his mouth, then all Americans are in peril.

Harry S.Truman

JFK speech

The very word “secrecy” is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify it. Even today, there is little value in opposing the threat of a closed society by imitating its arbitrary restrictions. Even today, there is little value in insuring the survival of our nation if our traditions do not survive with it. And there is very grave danger that an announced need for increased security will be seized upon by those anxious to expand its meaning to the very limits of official censorship and concealment. That I do not intend to permit to the extent that it is in my control. And no official of my Administration, whether his rank is high or low, civilian or military, should interpret my words here tonight as an excuse to censor the news, to stifle dissent, to cover upour mistakes or to withhold from the press and the public the facts they deserve to know.”

Last line of defense-Whistleblowers and Sheriff Dept OATH to protect against FEDS! Structural Liberties!

PLANNED WARS TO INFILTRATE COMMUNISM! Dividing all to conquer!

Disarmed Gun Control, hyjacked passwords, www in the 90’s, 911, now Exec. order 11005 take over waterways martial law Katrina Massacres, Plans, to HR 1955 reversed freedom of thought!

When you’re not on the same wave length,

It’s NOT a coinsidences! Brainwashing & WHITEWASHING HISTORY!

How they CREATE Bureaucracy, red tape, DIS-INFORMATION for 50 years of incoherent cognitive errors unrealized un-wit.

Cryptome.org

Dr. Robert Beckerwas the major researcher and writer on health dangers from electromagnetic fields, he died a few months ago, in summer 2008 warned INDUCED ELF/EMF

INFILTRATING AN INDUCED SEISMIC waves/ATTACKS ON WATER FRONT PROPERTIES EAST COAST & WATER WARS WITH TURKEY, EGYPT largest Military TAKING ISRAEL DOWN IN SHADOWS!and US one Politician, one Civilian at a time INFILTRATIONS

Civil rights Africa… CIA MASTERMINDS of AGENDA too busy, to dismiss this, & sensory deprav. unrealized stress induced and another year goes by of 50 with unwitting cognitive infiltration Unwit in disconnects in White House to next calamity.

The OBEY Tyranny and robots in govt is in the air and minds! Wake up America! Do something!THE MOTHER OF ALL EVIL-CIA Technology Changing minds and hearts, including Presidents!

Millions are coming forward–EXPOSE IT, A REVOLUTION IS NECESSARY- Power in Numbers. This tells all why some utter “What is this world coming to? Pre-911.

JUDICIAL SYSTEM, AND SCHOOL BOOKS WITH FALSE MEDICINE and FALSE TESTS RESULTS and Engineered lives all from the mind! Voting, www. and all tests can and are tampered.

Public Speeches

Robots

Repeated “stay the course” to brainwash invade Countries, GULF war, “The ENERGY will be just fine”, “We will HELP one SOUL at a TIME”. HILLARY “I will not CHANNEL MY HUSBAND” as in Ghost Technology Transmissions SABOTAGED. Pres. CLINTON as well!RUMSFELD:There is what you know, you don’t know………..

Air Force Plan: Hack Your Nervous System

This is the first of a two-part series on plasma and electromagnetic weapons by David Hambling, author of Weapons Grade: How Modern Warfare Gave Birth to Our High-Tech World.
The brain has always been a battlefield. New weapons might be able to hack directly into your nervous system.
“Controlled Effects” (see image, right) is one of the Air Forces ambitious long-term challenges. It starts with better and more accurate bombs, but moves on to discuss devices that “make selected adversaries think or act according to our needs… By studying and modeling the human brain and nervous system, the ability to mentally influence or confuse personnel is also possible.“
The first stage is technology to remotely create physical sensations. They give the example of the Active Denial System “people zapper” which uses a high-frequency radiation similar to microwaves as a non-lethal means of crowd control.Other weapons can affect the nervous system directly. The Pulsed Energy Projectile fires a short intense pulse of laser energy. This vaporizes the outer layer of the target, creating a rapidly-expanding expanding ball of plasma. At different power levels, those expanding plasmas could deliver a harmless warning, stun the target, or disable them — all with pinpoint laser precision from a mile away.
Early reports on the effects of PEPs mentioned temporary paralysis, then thought to be related to ultrasonic shockwaves. It later became apparent that the electromagnetic pulse caused by the expanding plasma was triggering nerve cells. Details of this emerged in a heavily-censored document released to Ed Hammond of the Sunshine Project under the Freedom if Information Act. Called Sensory consequence of electromagnetic pulsed emitted by laser induced plasmas, it described research on activating the nerve cells responsible for sensing unpleasant stimuli: heat, damage, pressure, cold. By selectively stimulating a particular nociceptor, a finely tuned PEP might sensations of say, being burned, frozen or dipped in acid — all without doing the slightest actual harm.
The skin is the easiest target for such stimulation. But, in principle, any sensory nerves could be triggered. The Controlled Effects document suggests it may be possible to create synthetic images to confuse an individual’ s visual sense or, in a similar manner, confuse his senses of sound, taste, touch, or smell.
In other words, it may be possible to use electromagnetic means to create overwhelming ‘sound’ or ‘light’, or indeed ‘intolerable smell’ which would exist only in the brain of the person perceiving them. There is another side as well. The sensory consequences document also notes that the nervous system which controls muscles could be influenced to cause what they call Taser-like motor effects. The stun guns ability to shock the muscles into malfunction is relatively crude; we might now be looking at are much more targeted effects.Tomorrow: Moscow moves in. Remote-controlled heart attacks, anyone?
– David Hambling February 13th, 2006 | Bizarro, Lasers and Ray Guns | Comments (211)

Democracy Now! Interview: BP oil spill EMPLOYEES.

And it didn’t fail because people were—you know, wanted something bad to happen or were not trying to do the best that they could, but what we discovered was that there was a kind of paralysisthat gripped this vast rig in critical places at critical times. And what it resulted in is it resulted in people not taking the steps, not deploying some of these safety systems, or trying to deploy them but deploying them too late, when the damage had already been done. And the net effect of this paralysis is that for nine minutes, from when the blowout first hit the rig until these crippling explosions that basically left this a dead ship, those nine minutes, there was no alarm, general alarm, issued to the 126 people who were on this rig. So, for most of the people on the rig, the first time they really understood that there was a major crisis going on was when the explosions ripped through this oil rig, in many cases injuring people, in some cases quite, quite devastating injuries—burns, broken bones, that kind of thing.

JUAN GONZALEZ: Well, David, it is a fascinating account. And as I told you before the show started, it’s not every day that I read a full New York Times multi-page story. But this one really read like a novel, in terms of what actually happened. And especially, as you say, it wasn’t just a failure of the equipment, but there were several moments when key decisions were made by these experienced people that, had they made a decision one way-Barstow-YES

These are not in the weapon only but the suggested anger and sensations all triggered from mind control messages transmitted.

Is fringe science good for military technology?
Sharon Weinberger is, to put it mildly, skeptical. Her book, Imaginary Weapons [being discussed tonight in New York –ed.], tells the tangled story of the struggle between the “isomer believers” who think a Hafnium bomb it can be made to work, and the doubters who think is based on impossible science. I’m not so sure. “Fringe science” is a label that history applies after the event to failures; successes are immediately transferred to the mainstream. What looks like ridiculous like fringe tinkering at the time may later be seen as pioneering genius. It struck me while writing my book, Weapons Grade, that revolutionary advances tend to come from outside the mainstream. This is pretty much true by definition: if a concept is already in the mainstream then it will not be revolutionary. Let’s look at three cases of kooks who came good after years in the wilderness: the Spaceman, the Flyboy, and Mr. Death Ray.
Case one is the Spaceman, who spent his career dreaming of travel to other planets. He was suspicious other others and tended to work on his own, refusing to publish many of the details of his work. His report on how he spent a $5,000 grant from the Smithsonian was roundly mocked in the press — especially the New York Times, which said he should go back and learn some high school physics. His biggest success was to send a craft a distance of 184 feet into a cabbage patch.
The Spaceman took his plans for giant weapons based on his space drive to the military, but nobody was convinced they were feasible. Twenty years earlier his idea for an infantry weapon — using a music stand — had also been shelved.
The Spaceman was in fact Robert Goddard, pioneer of the liquid-fuelled rocket. NASA’s Goddard Space Center is named in his honor. Three years after the military turned him down, German V-2 rockets started raining down on London. The V-2 directly drew on Goddard’s work from the 1920’s; the Nazis had rounded up amateur rocket enthusiasts, who called themselves ‘Societies For Space Travel’ and set them to building a weapon based on his liquid-fuelled design. Goddard’s portable rocket was also resurrected — the shoulder-mounted rocket launcher, or Bazooka, became an important infantry weapon.
On July 17th 1969, the day after Armstrong and Aldrin set foot on the moon, the New York Times published a correction to its 1920 story, accepting that Goddard was right: “it is now definitely established that a rocket can function in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The Times regrets the error.”
Case two is the Flyboy, a 22-year-old airman who was convinced he could build better aircraft engines than anything that existed at the time. When he took his designs to his superiors, he was told they were nothing new, and that better men with more experience had failed to get similar plans to work. The working temperatures were too high for any known material, the efficiencies required were too great, and the fuel consumption would be far too high. “Very interesting my boy,” one distinguished aeronautics professor remarked, “but it will never work.“ The official rejection was scarcely less patronizing: “It must be remembered that a tremendous amount of work is being done, and you may rest assured the criticisms made of your scheme were made with the full knowledge of the results achieved by actual experiment.“ The design was going nowhere. Five years later the patent lapsed; the military did not think it was worth renewing, and Flyboy could not afford the fee. He kept working at it though, building prototypes in a tiny workshop on a shoestring budget scraped together from family and friends. The Flyboy was Frank Whittle, the jet engine pioneer, whose designs form the basis for almost all modern jet engines. He only started to get taken seriously when it became clear in 1939 that the Germans had flown a jet aircraft and were storming ahead in development. The RAF had thrown away a lead of several years: if Whittle had been taken seriously in 1929, the Battle of Britain might have been fought with jet aircraft instead of Spitfires. Hans Von Ohain, who developed jets in Germany, even suggested that WWII might not have happened if Britain possessed jets, as “Hitler would have doubted the Luftwaffe’s ability to win.“ Case 3 is the radio Death Ray. Rockets and jet engines may have attracted some ridicule, but death rays were even more absurd. When Marconi developed a directional radio transmitter in 1924, it seemed every crackpot in the word was building one. One of the most notable self-publicists was Harry Matthews — known to the media as “Death Ray” Matthews — who claimed his apparatus could kill mice and shrivel plants at a distance, and that a weapon based on it would have a range of up to eight miles. Although radio waves could do serious damage at close range, anything beyond a few feet was less plausible. In the US, the Army’s Aberdeen Proving Ground offered a standing reward to anyone who could produce a death ray capable of killing a tethered goat. Britain’s Air Ministry put up a similar prize to the inventor whose ray could kill a sheep at a range of a hundred yards.
Neither animal was ever seriously endangered. So great was the public clamor for death rays in Britain that the Air Ministry appointed a committee to look into them. After considerable research, Dr. Robert Watson-Watt reported on February 4th, 1935 that although in theory it was possible to bring down an aircraft with a radio beam, the power required was far in excess of what was possible in practice. Having done the work, the Ministry then asked Watson-Watt whether, in the absence of death rays, anything useful could be done with these radio beams. Watson-Watt had found that aircraft reflected radio waves, and he drew up a paper entitled “The Detection and Location of Aircraft by Radio Means.“Three weeks after the Death Ray paper, the first test was carried out, showing conclusively that an aircraft could be located from the radio waves it reflected. Radio direction finding, later known as Radar, became one of the RAF’s most important tools and was kept strictly secret. In each of these cases the breakthrough has come from outside the mainstream, and each of them has had a lasting impact. Goddard’s rockets paved the way for satellite technology, global communications, GPS, and space imaging (can you imagine weather forecasts without satellite maps?). Whittle’s jet engine revolutionized air travel, and we now take for granted out ability to fly the world quickly and cheaply. An although the death-ray enthusiasts were on the wrong track entirely, they were responsible for radar and the related rise in radio-frequency technology, including everything from microwave ovens to lasers. Revolutionary progress is always going to involve going beyond the mainstream, because if something is in the mainstream already it is part of the slow process of incremental change. It is only the outsiders often working alone and without sufficient funding — who can bring in those radical innovations.
It’s easy to laugh at new ideas, whether they are space rockets, giant electronic brains — or manned flight. Supposed experts in the relevant field often reject such ideas out of hand, not bothering to look closely at the data, and dismiss them as impossible. But it’s surprising how quickly these impossible things become commonplace. We live in an age where robotic terminators taking out terrorists by remote control from thousands of miles away with laser-guided weapons are a routine news story. Look at the cutting edge of military technology and you see plenty of ideas which are derided by the established authorities. I’ve covered lots of stories where this has been the case: The supercavitating penetrator is said to be impossible, as is plasma stealth, not to mention the Slingatron space launcher and radio-frequency devices which hack the human nervous system. Small incremental improvements based on existing ideas are never going to produce the weapons which give decisive advantages like ballistic missiles, jet engines and radar. To paraphrase the great physicist Niels Bohr: “We all know the Pentagon has some crazy ideas. The question is, are they crazy enough?“
– David Hambling

Articles in this edition describe some of the life-destroying effects of psychiatry’s primary therapies-drugs and electric shock. The following presents one of their chief advocates Louis Jolyon West, director of the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute until his resignation following exposure of possible violations of federal law regarding use of government funds.

In a lawsuit currently before the Los Angeles Superior Court, it has come to light that the University of California at Los Angeles and UCLA Medical Center have, since the early 1980s, attempted to remove psychiatrist Louis Jolyon West from the roster of the university’s faculty.

One psychiatric colleague who asked to go unnamed described West as “supremely arrogant” and charged that he “misused his positions for his own ends,” at the expense of the university.

Many will not find such statements surprising, considering West himself, whose history includes controversial LSD experiments for the Central Intelligence Agency and even more controversial plans to construct secret installations for the “study” and modification -by electric shock, chemical castration and other means -of the behavior of citizens, particularly minorities.

Indeed, any discussion of CIA “mind-control” endeavors, such as the infamous MK-Ultra, would be incomplete without West, who has, according to information provided to Freedom, enjoyed a long and lucrative career in this field. Although he has sometimes posed as a civil libertarian, he has not sought to expose dangers of intelligence agency “mind-control” techniques, but rather to secretly perfect its use on others.

In a document released under the Freedom of Information Act, for example, it was revealed that more than four decades ago, the CIA sought to set West up in a clandestine laboratory to perform “mind-control” experiments with hypnosis and LSD. A portion of the experiments with LSD and other drugs in which West was enmeshed at the CIA’s behest were exposed in the mid-1970s by the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, chaired by Senator Frank Church.

West contributed to the early work which resulted in, among other things, the death of tennis pro Harold Blauer in an experiment with a mescaline derivative in New York City in 1953. The Senate Select Committee’s investigation revealed drugging of unsuspecting targets, electric shocking to obliterate memory and “programming” individuals to kill acting under psychiatric control.

West’s career highlights included injecting a 7,000-pound bull elephant, Tusko, with an overwhelming dose of LSD -roughly 1,435 times the quantity, in West’s own words, one would have given to a human “to produce for several hours a marked mental disturbance.” Not surprisingly, the elephant collapsed in agony minutes later and died.

West had ingested the mind-altering substance himself shortly before killing Tusko, the prize of the Oklahoma City Zoo, and was evidently still under its influence at the time he sloshed through the beast’s entrails, performing an “autopsy” which he recorded on film. He later issued a report to advance his “discovery” that elephants could be killed with LSD and to promote use of the drug to cull elephant herds in Africa.

Prisons as Laboratories

“Jolly” West moved on, changing his base of operations from Oklahoma to Los Angeles. In keeping with intelligence proposals to utilize prisons as experimental laboratories, he drafted a plan to use electric shock and drugs on state inmates in what was called “aversion therapy.”

In the 1960s, West could also be found in the Haight-Ashbury section of San Francisco, conducting more LSD experiments, this time within the hippie community.

A pet project of West’s in the late 1960s and early 1970s was the Center for the Study and Reduction of Violence. He proposed to establish a “securely fenced” center at a remote, abandoned Nike missile base in the Santa Monica Mountains, in keeping with earlier plans by the CIA to set up “mind-control” stations off the beaten path, where experimentation could be carried out free from such concerns as human rights. Ironically, West embarked on a PR campaign to promote himself as a champion of “human rights” an effort that would be comical if not for the bottom line in terms of human suffering.

West’s plans for such centers were the subject of hearings by the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary in 1974, chaired by Senator Sam Ervin, whose members were alarmed at reports that West planned to test radical forms of behavior modification -mind-bending drugs, electric shock, implantation of electrodes in the brain and forcible castration with the drug cyproterone acetate. Critics charged that his violence centers would target blacks and Mexican-Americans in its studies.

Other sites selected for West’s violence centers in California were Vacaville, Camarillo and Atascadero state hospitals. It has been documented that CIA drug and radiation experiments did take place at Vacaville.

Yet another study that West called for was clearly aimed at intelligence agency application: remote monitoring and behavioral control. His plan was to use electric shock and other means to remotely control human behavior by computer.

Tight-Lipped

Many millions more poured into the controversial UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute that West headed, including over $14 million in federal funds in one fiscal year before he stepped down.

West remains tight-lipped about these and other experiments and activities which are under examination by Freedom. Walter Bowart, author of Operation Mind Control, described West as “perhaps the chief advocate of mind control in America today. From his participation in the development of brainwashing techniques for the U.S. Air Force to his involvement in the CIA ‘s famous MK-Ultra projects, West has figured so prominently in the research and development of the invisible war1 that his public career appears like a carefully constructed espionage ‘cover.'”

Between 1974 and 1989, West received at least $5,110,099 in grants from the federal government, channeled through the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), a major funding conduit for CIA programs. Many millions more poured into the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute that West headed, including over $14 million in federal funds in one fiscal year before he stepped down.

West has continued to advocate psychiatric drugs to treat virtually everything, holding that “clinging to the drug-free state of mind” is an “antiquated position for anyone.” Indeed, the unspoken thrust behind his career has been the control of individuals and whole populations through covert means.

Cattle Prod Therapy

Between 1974 and 1989, West received at least $5,110,099 in grants from the federal government, channeled through the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) a major funding conduit for CIA programs.

Before stepping down as director of the Neuropsychiatric Institute, West reportedly allowed psychiatric “treatments” that were more suited to brainwashing, “mind control” or a torture chamber than for resolving mental troubles. It was reported in 1976, for example, that Neuropsychiatric Institute psychiatrist Ivar Lovass had used electric cattle prods for “aversion therapy” on children.

As one newspaper stated at the time, “Farrell Instruments Company, the same firm which supplies other shocking equipment for UCLA’s ‘Clockwork Orange’ experiments on 3-to 12-year-old boys … recognizes that aversion therapy techniques are often cruel. An example, the company says, ‘is the use of cattle prods which have high voltage that produces skin destruction.’ Dr. Lovass and his partner in psychiatry, Dr. George Reker, however, favor the use of -and have used -cattle prods on children who are not mentally ill or criminal or who have not violated any law or rule -young boys merely thought to be ‘effeminate.'” Lovass -hired by West -also allegedly shocked 5-year-old twins to “modify” behavior, with jolts administered through a grid system in the floor that enabled the psychiatrists to blast the children wherever they moved in the room.

Despite the violence that marked the work of West and his cohorts, or perhaps because of it, he enjoyed influence in the psychiatric community, serving for example on the National Advisory Council to the NIMH. From his positions, he could have charted a far more humane and helpful course for mental health, rather than brain-damaging drugs and electric shock.

As part of his legacy, the NIMH continues to squander billions in taxpayer dollars to fund research on brain-damaging substances, rather than genuine cures. The true cost impossible to measure in money -lies in the Americans now dead from psychiatric drugs and electric shock or, still living, existing as little more than vegetables.

The secrecy and false information that for decades cloaked West’s activities continue to shroud the effects of the treatments he promoted and which are still in use. And today, the living hell that Melissa Holliday experienced still exists for nameless others you probably won’t read about in the press.

The following is reproduced here with the express permission of the author/publisher. Permission is given to reproduce and redistribute, for non-commercial purposes only, provided this information and the copy remain intact and unaltered.

Editor’s Note: The following article originally appeared in the newsletter of The Freedom of Thought Foundation: Free Thinking, Vol 2. No. 6 & No. 18, 1996.

The following Nat’l Healthcare was infiltrated from the minds of we the people using psyops on media and all Gov’t employees, laws, and systems to engineer our culture.

Psychiatry skewed with mind control CointelPro born in the 50’s and DOD keeping their enemies close (Democracy Now interview with Amy Goodman.

INVENTING and framing the entire profession with synthetic ills, paranoia, schizophrenia, trances for split personalities, cognitive impairments all born around the 70’s, into our children’s books/journals, with worse SCIENCE under SIEGE. The creation of suspended senses, NLP, and terrorism Manchurians, sociopaths, stalkers, etc. PSYCHIATRISTS, APA, AMA have all been duped in their own practice framed by NSA TRANSMISSIONS during their WORK. Dr. is alive and practicing. Dr. Bowart died of CANCER while discovering the full conspiracy and TAX DOLLAR collected by our Gov’t on Pharmaceutical DRUGS.

By W.H. Bowart December 1996

Is the profession of psychiatry beginning to rival the legal profession as having the most useless information, the most know-nothing, corrupt and mercenary practitioners of any profession?

The proof of the psychiatric pudding might be that doctors who once easily earned $300,000 or more a year are having a hard time pulling in $100,000 a year these days. This could be due to the cuts in national health care payments, to the competition that has been created by the lower prices of the HMO’s, and/or it could be partly caused by the accumulative effects of the CIA’s fifty years of covertmanipulation of that profession.

Almost every psychiatrist of the aged generation (especially those who also hold diplomas in psychology) worked for the CIA or another branch of the cryptocracy in one or another dirty

project which tested drugs, hypnosis, brain stimulation and a variety of other things on unwitting humans –often employees of the government who’d already signed their lives away. These psychiatrists were hell-bent on seeing that this government chattel would, since they hadn’t given their lives for their country, give their minds and souls and too often their children’s minds and souls for it.

In any of the professions it’s hard to find a whistle blower. Seldom will one lawyer speak ill of a peer. Even harder is it to find justice in the self-regulated profession of health -especially mental health. Doctor’s seldom bear witness against other doctors. A good example of the insular attitude which sees regulatory board members looking the other way was the case of Dr. William Jennings Bryan III (WJB3). Great grandson of the great orator William Jennings Bryan, WJB3 was the director of the American Institute of Hypnosis in Los Angeles from the fifties to his death in the seventies.

Bryan was an innovator in the application of the uses of hypnosis. He designed a switchboard of electronic instruments which made it possible for him to hypnotize and monitor the feedback from three different clients at the same time. He had a taste for beautiful women, so, after he found beauties who were also highly suggestible, he encouraged them to pay him a “professional” visit.

“Psychiatry in the second half of the twentieth century has undoubtedly been strongly skewed –not by an agenda that has to do with academic research, not by the best interest of clients, not by ethical psychiatry –but by an intelligence agenda…”

–Colin A. Ross, M.D.

During such sessions, after the women were in a “deep, deep sleep,” WJB3 would slip into the room where they were lying on the couch and make suggestions which would eventually open them to accepting his sexual advances –maybe while they were imagining they were having sex with their husbands, or some Hollywood icon of their dreams. While WJB3 might have thought of this as just a little creative visualization, some of the women eventually remembered episodes of this hypno-rape, and four of them pressed charges of sexual assault against him.

According to the April 22, 1969 Los Angeles Times, the California State Board of Medical Examiners found William Jennings Bryan III guilty of “unprofessional conduct in four cases involving sexual molesting of female patients.” The penalty for this offense was five years probation –a typical slap on the wrist for shrinks who are working for the cryptocracy. The Canadian psychiatrist, Dr. Ewen Cameron was the former head of the Quebec Psychiatric Association, the Canadian Psychiatric Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the World Psychiatric Association (the founder of the WPA, in fact), and the one-time President of the Association for Biological Psychiatry has been described as the most “politically connected a guy as ever existed in the entire field of psychiatry in the 20th Century.” This Canadian shrink was funded through MKULTRA and Human Ecology Foundation, did LSD and other hallucinogen research funded by both the Canadian military and the CIA.

Cameron is one of the central figures in Gordon Thomas’ book Journey Into Madness. Cameron developed an insidious technique of torture called “psychic driving” which produced Differential

Amnesia and Schizophrenic appearing conditions. He gave his secret test subjects hundreds of ECT (electroshock) treatments using the Paige-Russell technique, in which the shock switch is thrown six times during a treatment instead of once. Then the “patients” would be given barbiturates and a deep, deep, neuroleptic sleep would be induced for three months or so. When the subjects finally came out of their comas they were usually depressed, disoriented, incontinent, and unable to state their names, read, drive an automobile, have sexual relations, cook, use the toilet, or recognize their spouses or children. This must have been of great use to the cryptocracy which supported such research for around fifty years since it appears that the cryptocracy is still supporting more advanced research in which possession and control of the human mind and soul is the targeted outcome.

Dr. Cameron escaped prosecution because no one knew about (or could remember) his criminal research until after his death. When news of his “experiments” was made public, the CIA was sued and quickly paid the mentally damaged subjects of Dr. Cameron’s cryptocratic curiosity millions of dollars in out-of-court settlements. That figure might have been much greater had the majority of the subjects not died prematurely. The history of the CIA’s search for tools to create and managed the perfect slave state are chronicled in a variety of books. But the profession has largely ignored this information, often giving the authors the armchair diagnosis as “cranks” and “paranoids.”

But there are heroes even among psychiatrists. At least one, a Canadian Psychiatrist, Dr. Colin Ross, has begun to put a lot of time into trying to identify and correct the wrongs done by his countryman Cameron and his peers in the profession.

Ross said: “Virtually every leading psychiatrist in North America between the 1940’s and the 1970’s was involved in some aspect of the CIA’s mind control research.”

At a workshop he held at the 9th Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation in Costa Mesa, California, last April, Ross offered a preview of the research he’s uncovered for a new book. He said, “When I systematically started looking into CIA military mind control, the more I looked, the more solid reality there was there. And as you will see as we go through these slides, and through this talk, it’s a completely different deal from SRA. Somewhere out there in the justice system, there may actually be objective evidence where somebody has actually busted a SRA cult. If there is, that information is not generally publicly available to us. It is a fact that we have not nailed down human ritual sacrifice cults in North America if they exist. So it’s all conjecture … I will prove to you, completely locked down, documented, proven, beyond dispute or discussion that intelligence agencies have been creating Manchurian candidates and MPD for operational use since the Second World War.”

“This is not a conspiracy theory,” he said, “This is a fact.” Now that’s very amazing,” Ross said, “because if you took an opinion poll of all the psychiatrists in the American Psychiatric Association today –or you took the same poll five years ago, over 99% of the psychiatrists would say ‘It’s fiction. We know the movie is fiction, Frank Sinatra (in the Manchurian Candidate) did a good job, but there’s just no way, it’s absolutely impossible.’ There might be two outlaw psychiatrists in the whole group who would say that it’s possible that Manchurian candidates are real. This is a very, very strange phenomena that actually, in 1996, this is a completely documented fact -it’s a very strange sociological development in the field of psychiatry.”

“How could that be possible? Well, I’m going to try and explain how it’s possible. So that’s what I am going to talk about. Also I am going to talk about not just creating Manchurian Candidates, but the whole network of mind control doctors that is involved in this and supports this –this kind of old boys’ network that maintains all of this. And you will see a whole bunch of slides with godzillian interconnections that I will go into in detail. And every one of those steps –unless I otherwise specify –is completely documented. Absolutely objective in full.

“There is something real peculiar about the whole story. It’s a very strange story. It tells us that there is something going on in our culture and in the mental health field that is hidden and secret. This is another kind of incest secret in the field of psychiatry that all of these people who have been running

psychiatry in the latter half of the 20th century are either directly or loosely connected to a whole huge universe of covert, hidden, secretly funded mind control research, and as emphasized, that’s a fact… If, in fact, experimental MPD has been created and has been tight and hard and real enough for operational use by intelligence agencies for the last 50 years, then it is something of interest to the dissociative disorders field. This is profound evidence in favor of the iatrogenic (doctor induced) pathway to DID that I talked about this morning.

“When I combine the expert witness experience that I have had at clinically created iatrogenic DID using the techniques of destructive psychotherapy cults in the course of persuasion, as I described this morning –when I take that expert witness evidence and see those cases created out of a base of no preexisting DID and then I go to this CIA military mind-control literature, my only possible conclusion is, yes, you can create full tilt DID artificially from ground zero. Also, I have to conclude that you can create any degree of complexity, permutations of false memory that you want. There is absolutely no limit on the quantity, complexity, reality, congruence, plausibility of false memories that you can insert in somebody’s mind —wittingly or unwittingly.

“They didn’t tell me that in medical school? “This is a little sub-paradigm revolution in the DID field. “There is a huge wealth of information, experimental information, clinical anecdotal information, and operational street smarts knowledge of DID that’s been up and running and full tilt in the mental health field for 50 years now. This did not spring out of nowhere in 1980, and we are missing a ton of experimental research data that’s still classified that bears directly on this false memory debate that is going on in our society now. And you will see some of the players in this whole scenario of interesting people…” Ross pointed out that it was not just psychiatrists and psychologists involved in the search for the way to create a “psycho-civilized society” but also sociologists, linguists, cyberneticists and other professionals (even a magician or two –men who were expert in micro-muscle movement reading), people from the World War Two and Cold War generations.

Today mind control research has bled into many other specialized areas and comes up under the general heading of “cognitive sciences,” which includes biomedicine, anesthesiology, neurology, cybernetics, linguistics, neural networking in the computer science departments and so forth. All of these projects are scattered and compartmentalized so that one researcher usually doesn’t know what another is doing, but the funders (the black budget spenders of the U.S. and other governments) collect all the data and put it together for the final devastating applications.

In his workshop Ross offered the names of some of the more insidious doctors and the institutions which supported them. At the top of the list was Dr. George Estabrooks who, in 1950 wrote:

Friedman (Editor of Archives of the Journal of Psychiatry 1970-1993), Allen Dulles (Director CIA 1953-1961), Loretta Bender, Paul Hawk (psychiatrist who killed Harold Blauer in 1953 with an inject of supposed mescaline), Robert White (Harvard), J. Edgar Hoover (Director of the FBI), John Gittinger (CIA psychologist), Robert Lifton (psychiatrist and well-known author), Margaret Singer (psychologist, author of “Cults in Our Midst”), Paul McHugh (Chairman of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins), James Whitehorn (former Chairman of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins and advisor of the Human Ecology Foundation with Top Secret Clearance), Harold Lief (advisor of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation), Colston Westbrook (CIA Psy-War expert who worked at Vacaville Prison with prisoners such as Donald Defreeze and Timothy Leary), Robert Heath (doing brain electrode implant research at Tulane), Francisco Silva (Cuban psychiatrist who allegedly put Lee Harvey Oswald up in his home and got him a job at the hospital where Silva worked prior to the assassination), Mark Sweet (collaborator with L.J. West for the UCLA Violence Project), Wagner Joreg (son of Wagner Joreg who won the Nobel Prize for treating syphilis with malaria), Amadeo Morazzi (LSD researcher at the University of Minnesota), Gregory Bateson, Allen Ginsburg, Ken Kesey, Sydney Mallett, and the list goes on.

Ross linked dozens of institutions to the research which, he said he suspects, is still going on in one form or another. Among the institutions he reeled off the top of his head were: Butler Hospital Health Center (part of Harvard), Children’s International Summer Village, Columbia University, Cornell University, Denver University, Emory College, Florida University, George Washington

University, Harvard University, Houston University, Illinois University, Indiana University, Johns Hopkins University, Eli Lilly Pharmaceuticals, University of Minnesota, New Jersey Reformatory, Bordentown in Tennessee, Ohio University, University of Pennsylvania, Penn State University, Princeton University, Stanford University, Wisconsin University, University of Texas, University of Oklahoma, McGill, the National Institute of Health, the National Institute of Mental Health, the New Jersey Psychiatric Research Institute, National Philosophical Society, Office of Naval Research, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Vacaville State Prison, Public Health Service, Cornell, Bureau of Narcotics, Bureau of Prisons, and many others.

“You get the idea,” Ross said. Then, the well-prepared researcher gave a litany of declassified code names under which many of these atrocities occurred: MKULTRA, MKSEARCH, MKNAOMI,

“It just shows you,” Ross said, “the theme here is not that there is a military intelligence conspiracy to cover up Manchurian Candidate creation with the myth of borderline personality disorder. The point now is more of a global general meta point which is: this whole network of old boys in psychiatry and psychology, who were covertly funded for part of the military and CIA intelligence mind-control network, are very influential in the history of psychiatry in a kind of nebulous fashion that just permeates the whole field. It isn’t part of the sort of one-to-one correspondences that I have been showing before. It’s a matter of the whole mind set of psychiatry –how we think about borderlines (Borderline Personality Disorder), how we think about temporal lobe epilepsy, how we are going to react to MPD?

“The point is that the history of psychiatry in the second half of the twentieth century has undoubtedly been strongly skewed -not by an agenda that has to do with academic research, not by the best interest of clients, not by ethical psychiatry –but by an Intelligence agenda.” Ross said that the full story of the CIA’s involvement with his profession is still unknown. “We are missing a ton of experimental research data that’s still classified that bears directly on this false memory debate that is going on in our society now.”

In an attempt to uncover more information Ross visited the CIA Reading Room in Washington, D.C. He said it was “a very unusual experience,” and dealt with it with humor, as a skilled psychiatrist would deal with a client suffering from Dissociated Identity Disorder.

“This is the way it goes in trying to document this stuff and trying to make it public and identify the specific individuals. It’s a big slow job. And when you make Freedom of Information requests, it’s like interacting with any Federal Bureaucracy.” Ross said that, in fact, the CIA had been extremely helpful to him. The CIA, he said, was “extremely polite, extremely courteous when I went to the CIA Reading Room…”

“Let me just tell you the story.,” Ross said, “Here I am, a Canadian psychiatrist, going down to the Eastern Regional Conference, and a day early I pop over to the CIA Reading Room to look at the MKULTRA documents to figure out which ones I want to order at 10 cents a page which they then shipped to me. It arrives at my office via UPS with CIA stamped in the corner. I’m wondering who thinks that’s weird?”

Ross said he found the CIA Reading Room “just this building in Virginia on a street. It is completely unrecognizable as anything. I get dropped off there … whoa … there’s all these guys in uniforms and here I am, this civilian.”

“I go walking along accompanied by this CIA person, and I go into the first room which has a steel vault door and says ‘Secured Area: Treasury Department.’ I go into that room and they close the door. I am now in a ‘Secured Area.’ I sit down and they bring in all the documents on a little cart and (an elderly woman) gives me 15-20 pencils beautifully sharpened, and a notepad and everything. You order which documents you want at the end of the day.

“I am sitting there working away on this huge amount of documents all day,” Ross said.

“Work, work, work, work …

“Some time in the middle of the day this old woman comes at me. Now I am thinking, is this old woman trying to pump me for information? What’s here? (Is she) going to report back at the

end of the day? She says, ‘Well, what’s that stuff you are reading?’ I am trying to act casually, I just say, ‘Well, it’s just a bunch of mind control documents from the 50’s and 60’s.’ And she says, ‘Is that stuff classified?’ And I say, ‘No, no.

It was declassified a long time ago,’ And she says, ‘Well what do they need me here for?’ And I said, ‘I don’t know.’ And then I stopped talking to her and I started focusing down on the paper.”

Ross said his “beef” was not with the intelligence community or the CIA, but with the psychiatrists and psychologist “who created a little loophole where they can step out of normal ethical

oversight, violate the Hippocratic Oath, get away with it, not talk about it. It’s just like the conspiracy to keep incest under the carpet. This is all conspired and kept under the carpet -not by twelve guys in a room at Langley who are doing the planning, but just by this pervasive old boys network. That’s what keeps the mind control secret down just like it kept the incest secret down. So that’s another reason why this is important, and needs to be uncovered…”

“…The idea that there could be a deliberate disinformation campaign element to the False Memory movement is perfectly plausible, consistent with history, and could be expected. There is bound to be some sort of disinformation strategy if, in fact, Manchurian Candidates have been leaking out into civilian psychotherapy. So here we have, with all of this documentation, all of this proof –we know that it is perfectly possible that people we are seeing in therapy who are claiming to be victims of

systematic military mind-control experimentation are telling us about what actually happened to them… “We have a major disinformation campaign which has basically fooled mental health professionals and the general public concerning brain-washing, concerning LSD.

“Fortunately those are the only two examples in human history,” Ross said with sarcasm. “This analysis does not apply to the False Memory movement. There is no way it could conceivably be

possible, you will all agree, that there could not be any nervousness in the Intelligence Community about Manchurian Candidates spilling out into civilian psychotherapies and that a disinformation program based on False Memories would be required. It is obviously absurd.”

Ross continued his sarcasm, saying: “Nobody but a CIA conspiracy nut would ever suggest that. I guarantee you that that thought has never even crossed my mind until it just spontaneously

appeared at this moment.”

Then, after the laughter subsided, Ross resumed, in total seriousness, speaking of the declassified documents from the Atomic Energy Commission, alluding to the testimony before the President’s Commission on Radiation at which victims of mind control testified they had been experimented upon with radioactive materials as children.

“This is no longer vague,” he said. “We know the specific names of people, when they died, whether it was plutonium or whatever was injected, the names of the doctors, the names of the medical

schools where it was done, it’s all keyed up for compensation, the government has set up a whole compensation mechanism…”

Dr. Ross’ book, Dissociative Identity Disorder, Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatment of Multiple Personality is scheduled for release by the publishers John Wiley and Sons, N.Y., in December, 1996.

Journey Into Madness, by Gordon Thomas, was published in 1989 by Bantam Books, NYC.

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The MindNet Journal is published by VERICOMM (sm) in cooperation with the Freedom Of Thought Foundation, POB 35072, Tucson, AZ 85740-5072 USA.

“CASE BEING CONSIDERED FOR TREATMENT PURSUANT TO RULE 34 (J) OF THE COURT’S RULES.”

The date on which the highest state court decided this case 10-1211 was by Orders on July 20, 2010 and September 9, 2010 appealable within 60 days. Copies of those to Appeal are at Appendices J through M.

The court has jurisdiction to entertain this matter because all claims brought herein relate to alleged violations of the United States Constitution and Federal Statutes, including 5 U.S.C., 42 U.S.C., 18 U.S.C. 142 U.S.C., 28 U.S.C., 22 U.S.C. 50.

The District Court of Appeals has jurisdiction to entertain this appeal pursuant Notice of Appeal filed on September 7, 2010 and was denied change of venue.

(ELECTRONIC WARFARE) See appendice A book cover by Jim Keith also deceased after publishing.

OPINIONS BELOW

The opinion of the District court to review the merits appears at Appx J.

PRELIMINARY STATEMENT

This case was also presented to the U S Supreme Court under Federal rule 11. Writ of Certiorari was denied November 1, 2010 before judgment with new occurring events.

This case was ruled frivolous and fantastic when noble with factual dangers.

Appellant has the right to an immediate Injunction Relief from Government torture protection, and for redress and grievance. The opinion made no mention of NUMERUOUS Political Officials and Agencies’ admissions of these allegations (subsequently below), with weapons patented and proven to be in use nefariously and covertly against “We the People”, inclusive of our own Government falling victim. Appellant requested a leave of court, FOIA request, investigations, right of review, proper media warning, emergency hearing, protection, and an injunction to cease immediately. Appellant was denied justice and the right to defend herself and prove her case, and/or opportunity for accountability and discoveries with Critical Agency Admissions and information provided seemingly Un-read or Un-realized, and to cause subject to be diagnosed with ill mental health”. (Compl ¶15 p 10- Appx Nexhibited)

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS

On July 7, 2010, Appellant had her Complaint above said case taken from

the counter before mailing, and upon arrival at court house, Complaint was unwittingly switched on Chief Judge’s desk regardless of calls and written instructions. Prior Complaint unwittingly switched was missing names of current high profile individuals and current assassinations. Days later, Appellant also caught Case Complaint which was unwittingly switched with Pharmaceutical case when loaded by Pacer electronically, as with numerous other obstacles for 4 years in attempt to expose and warn what she has figured out.

On or about August 12, 2010, Appellant went on the air and provided a recorded 45 minute interview but no one in DC or across North America and Canada stations had heard the interviews and had been redirected, all week to another phone line to impede communication and full disclosures while building discredits and wars, (as incorrect websites and phone calls misdirected). Appellant notified radio host, a Former Police Officer (working on crimes and the paranormal) and found it was a technical difficulty and/or human error. Appellant has also been heavily blocked by an unwitting public, daily in this fashion tangibly and non-tangibly, from electronic transmitted communications, with heavy mind and body control experimentations, and recruitment attempts for CIA using Remote Viewing (satellite apparatus) today called NSA transmissions, which include transmitted synthetic illnesses to millions. RUSSELL TICE case, an NSA agent blew the whistle on all accusations and torture of Electronic Warfare on Americans. (See Subsequent Public Statements quoted to the Press)

Appellant had to amend Complaint and had not made monetary claims

originally. (Motion for Relief 1 through 8 ) Appellant was then denied claims for damages in 2nd(Compl ¶255), Injunction, surveillance and spying, privacy, torture, along with the civil rights violations, witness protective plan, media request, Int’l tortures, and 27 Counts of violations. Appellant is further retaliated against for attempting to WARN the public or file suit. Appellant is under threat, without delusion or doubt and has proof of all allegations, being pre-empted, impeded from the minds from others to block her, and is threatened as many other prominent radio hosts and activists by our Gov’t in attempts to expose conspiracies carefully masterminded behind the scenes (un-wit-unrealized). One mind, one life, one threat, one CANCER has been too many for another decade or another day, at the hands of mind control disbeliefs programmed for years “eyes wide shut”. This case should be heard and investigated by all. Appellant has proof, trying to save lives, and is under threats to relocate to DC. Neuro-Directed EnergyWeapons of Mass Destruction have been around admittedly for decades in Covert Gov’t hands. Citations are uncontested law and one can no longer ignore these patented facts by our Gov’t, DARPA projects and others, nor slander anyone as delusional fanciful, with the subsequent USA information below including Russell Tice article stating such and attesting to Appellant’s experience and knowledge with what has been discovered since 2008. (EMF Insulin, Blood, NLP, and Liver disease) The covert Intelligence is with Malice and should be stopped immediately. Media is now publishing a “Government has gone amuck” to whitewash, and much worse with opposite news fanned for years. “Lies the Gov’t told you” by Judge Napolitano, a system that has not worked, for these reasons failing millions of our own people, suggesting to re-read and deceptions. Ie: Whistleblower Griggs calling it mind jabbing and Dr. Bowart False Memory Syndrome, unwitting APA. (Appx B and Democracy Now “Stop the Madness”) It has been our own programmed disbelief for years and hidden advanced Technology that has enabled this Country to arrive at this point unwittingly from behind the scenes, and must be stopped and dismantled. People are starting to wake up. Architects and Engineers Movement and Congressman Ron Paul Supporters want to know, former Gov’t Officials, Unsolved Mysteries, Phenomenon, Alex Jones and massive events across the Nation under Brian Glick reports want the truth, know that MKULTRA mind control is in full operation, and so should every one with sound minds and realization of this sense. Pledges and admission statements made by U. S. Officials since 1976 and over the years recent, to dismantle these powerful mind control Neurological Directed Energy Weapons have been proven thus, continue for decades to today’s 911 false terrorism in the guise of Muslims to manifest war worse than before on US Soil, and INDUCED seismic waves as other energy waves to cause contaminations, economic manipulations, trends, and population control induced behind the scenes. (Appx H) Appellant also has witnessed redirected phone calls, websites, and email communications tangibly and as done to Attorneys leaving Country just to work on Iraq matters here, without further impediments. (Compl Counts III and IV) Appellant has been impeded and blocked with emails, specific selective viruses, faxes, deliveries, voicemails and phone lines/calls while with various Communication Companies across the Country including DSL lines and can provide records showing activities for years behind the scenes un-wit from remote viewing, and password access to www. private CORPORATION servers with tips to VERIZON and other lawsuits. FALSE accusations as one case example, untraceable. (Compl ¶32 and ¶201 and (NSA, Verizon joined with AT&T M06-1791 VRW) individuals, google, and EFF).

Appellant has statements of Federal Employees and Government Officials, Presidents with ADMISSIONS of Non-Fanciful Weapons of Electronic WARFARE over the years as to MILLIONS of Americans targeted unwittingly. A class action suit with its attorney (married to the DA in CO, and funded by a Silicon Valley University on Mind Control NSA transmissions impeded and no longer available for the very reasons of this Lawuit (non-gang related conspiracy, but an unwitting public used in all professions that “We the People” have a responsibility to stop before too late, by power in numbers to dismantling this Mother of all Evil Weapon, or suffer future catastrophic consequences more than Seismic WAVES, Cancer, or free will). (Compl ¶50, Appx E).

Appellant is being denied her rights, and the Judicial System has not connected the dots yet, on prior crimes from these technology weapons that blighted the Courts 40 years ago to bring us to this point and a corrupted Country and infiltrated Culture. Appellant will show mind manipulations in this Country are created with transmitted hallucinations on the public to cover up an agenda against humanity collectively, since “Big Brother Technology” spying. This began in HOLLYWOOD and GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS and which some outsiders already realized the masterminds in the U.S. by DIA. Appellant has records of unwitting transmitted victims within DOJ, Congress (Un-covered documentary) unread to invade Iraq to set up and brainwash their people as other Countries for mass control infiltrations, and mind controlled (Out-foxed media video) jacketing one against the other, psyops techniques for years with the use of all waves and resonance of frequencies. TruTV and media experiencing various pressures not to air any Gov’t Conspiracies and quash all related topics. Appellant reviewed her Quantum Physics Governmental studies from 2007 with information to support the new findings found at (Appx N highlighted with O) and her prior allegations, since under attack by this Directed Energy Weapon.

Appellant attempted to receive assistance from Congress and the Intelligence Committee Senator Bill Nelson’s Office and Congresswoman Ginny Brown-Waite and was told that they had only been able to cease some not all victims seeking help, as it is selective Directed Energy Weapons. Appellant’s case was closed after a visit with other officials in DC. (Dennis Kucinich bill, Space Preservation Act 2005 in part-was quashed with citations of Remote viewing manipulations on millions of Americans so far. (Compl ¶21 and PARTIES). Today, according to former NSA employees and NY congressional committee volunteers, the burden of proof on victims should be on the defendants.

Appellant is with proof, witnesses, interviews and reports, from Leading Psychiatrist Dr. Walter Bowart (before his death and his son silenced), who blew the whistle on 50 years of mind control and FALSE MEMORY SYNDROME FOUNDATION, (and worse-by CIA remote viewing), and in our courts and streets, Russ Tice statements of NSA transmissions in use to sabotage lives, other CIA whistleblowers, of mind control including Operation Mockingbird (updated remotely) but publicly admitted brainwash mis-information (with a divided CONGRESS) permeating our Media unwittingly from these transmissions for decades creating our propaganda mass “COMMUNICATION CHAOS”, (2 opposite thoughts at once), DISPUTES, and A SYNTHETIC engineered culture. (Covert Propaganda infiltrated as psyops on US Soil).

Appellant is with the device (intercepted) and military patents, science, documents of CIA MKULTRA and statement of Manchurians to assassinate G. Bush in the 80’s, and these very Technology Weapons of Mass Destruction (diverted focus created) in use for 911, as well as 9 DOJ attorneys fired for asking too many questions of what would have been to be uncovered. On August 5, 2009 Associated Press printed that the CIA denies faking Al Qaida Iraq letter, which agents are un-wit of within their own and of their missions with erased memory etc. (Press release Sept 13, Appx H) Everyone spinning their wheels too busy to REALIZE and “dumbed down”. (Jim Keith and Operation Mind Control, an engineered culture) On March 31, 2008 at 10:30 am, a letter in strong opposition written to JUDGE JOHN ROCKEFELLER IV intelligence Committee, regarding S. 2035 “free flow of information act” from ROBERT GATES at DOD is condoning unwittingly DUPLICITOUS, MASSIVE CRIMES generated against AMERICAN CIVILIANS and conspiracy hiding behind SSP “as QUITE the CONTRARY on all counts that is headed into GRAVE DANGERS. Mind Control has been infiltrated psyops on civilian culture and population since 1947 and the 70’s deployed Remote Viewing. BREACHED contracts of spying in EU, AU, UK, Israel, and other invaded Countries with spying and manipulating mind wars.

Appellant is heavily tortured, pre-empted, framed, staged and sabotaged, with cover ups in the media and building discredit with tangible events whitewashing history with each accusation, to discredit, since 2008 in efforts to go public, to the FBI, and to file suit. Appellant has made further discoveries of corruptions with these weapons of psyops against humanity, as Government Physicist Lieutenant Tom Bearden warned the dangers many decades ago “for your thoughts may not be your own” creating a matrix covertly for Power and Control, ULTIMATELY. (Compl ¶20)

Appellant does not know how to present this case with so much information to provide and obtain EMERGENCY injunction relief or a hearing, as DEMANDED in Complaint and Motion for relief to verify documents, with continued DANGERS to travel or come to DC again or ever take the witness chair. Appellant is praying for legal and procedural assistance of this court to be heard, prove her case and warn “We the people”. Appellant does not know if Complaint has been read or realized in full by JUDGE JOHN D BATES with NO mention of SABOTAGE HALLUCINATIONS MKULTRA DEPLOYED for 50 YEARS to MILLIONS OF AMERICANS at ¶15, 16, 17 and much worse by others throughout. (Compl ¶23 through ¶50 victimized, and below page 14 quoted by Mr. Tice), whereas Appellant was comatose for 72 hours (as Ariel Sharon) in her home to start “THE PROCESS” for CIA espionage, sexual slavery in the White House and Behavior modifications, recruitment and brainwash programming via Remote Viewing. As with the Obama Sunstein’s report of cognitive infiltration, Appellant will prove this has been infiltrated in our society causing all accusations since Church Committee never ceased as promised by Officials. Appellant attempted to tell DOJ in 1996 when targeted for 5 years as “Imaginary Friend/Enemy” to obey, experimenting for Combat, robots, on the ground communications, and has years of copious notes for feedback and intent, with numerous others complaining of mind control at the same time emerged, and at a time when BUDGETS were of great concern at DOD in SAN DIEGO and Pres. Clinton’s public (partial) apology. DIA has done a terrific job at keeping it to a minimum if complete disbelief brainwash since the 70’s. The 911 Pilot training in connection with HAARP stations “The Ultimate Weapon of Conspiracy” by Jerry Smith also died of CANCER March, 2010 and Appellant has been threatened with zaps to her body, organs, hair, etc, as other credible victims and politicians claim is going on, with experiments in full action and “Science under Siege”. Physicist Dr. Bill Nelson and Dr. Nick Begich ALASKAN Political family “Angels don’t play this HAARP” also asking questions and was impeded. Another impeded resolution was from John Herschel Glenn Jr., 1974-1999, former astronaut on CANCER and radiation, and U.S. politician who Introduced a Bill (Compl ¶14 and ¶25) As with AIPAC related framed (cases), Kevin Trudeau and FDA mass corruptions via NSA transmissions with scapegoats for all their shadowing conspiracies, and OJ Simpson to murder his wife and “get away with it” in advance, sabotaged cases tampering with minds not just evidence, from many minor criminal cases to highest dollar cases and victims. The most sabotaged cases were the ones TELEVISED with sensory deprivations, and in front of the world (infiltrating humans into cold robots and locked doors culture is not organically grown but agenda). Millions are victims and are concerned! What’s going on? Wake up America! Wake up Washington! The answers are N.O.W. nefariously, toppling the ECONOMY and 911, the creations of 50 years of ignoring, neglecting MIND CONTROL WAVES and ELF, Ultimate Weapon behind the scenes and hiding behind SSP (1947). The Sibel Edmonds case and linguistic accusation of impaired translations were NSA transmissions “communication chaos”; another case never came to light and its true findings of 911. Both Muslim and Jew framed. Larry Silverstein of WTC 7 framed well in advance with insurance and transmissions to “PULL” topple building, and government offices. Appellant will demonstrate and tie major historic events as Allison Des Forges staged plane crash in Hudson River with Death Rays for planes (Warden Cliff Towers) and Senator Kennedy zapped Cancer. “(CIA Predicts The Future 2015 – Water Resources.)” General Zinni changed minds, Water Wars in manifesting with Turkey and Egypt, false natural resource shortage, as with Seismic induced East Coast INFILTRATIONS as predictions for WATERFRONT properties, and warnings to Congress ignored of Piracy and Florida EMF Red Tide to cover up with BP transmissions of human errors. Tesla’s invention in 1940 and a $2,000,000,00 device to zap and melt an airplane motor 250 miles away and an Invisible Chinese Wall of defense was built around the Country, no matter how large an attack, (Teleforce, manifests FREE energy and creates rays; zapping beams, the new invisible war “Imaginary Weapons). Warden cliff Tower is in full action in Long Island NY, as 36 other stations, globally that beam massive volume of Free Energy. (The New York Times, Sunday September 22, 1940-Science and Patents, Education News). One energy zap is COSTLY, causes confusion, trip, fall, body temp-freeze, heat, mis-communication, fatigue, focus, concentration, sleep, mistakes, (Kucinich-US patent under MKDELTA), and stalling any engine.

All hiding behind the scenes and SSP, a letter to Judicial Committee was sent in July prior to this writ of information. The attached email from 2009 was never responded to and was unverifiable as numerous other communications for years. (See App. G3) Press release was impeded and forwarded to Al Gore on September 17, before revisions, Bear Stearns manipulations, and Famous Public Speeches. “The Energy will by just fine.” (App. H)

Appellant was traumatized and is suffering and would like to provide medical records, police, Judicial court records (staged to appeals with delays to change minds with TIME, and other credible witness information and testimonies to prove, manifest how, what this world is coming to (prior to 2008). Appellant requested a leave of court to amend as Appellant is under immediate threat (as family and car accidents) and cannot obtain counsel.

Appellant has become increasingly realized of the severity and magnitude of these weapons in use nefariously and globally on civilians and is growing. On September 3, 2010, Appellant woke up with loud ringing in the ears to find further attacks are attempted currently to penetrate her auditory cortex if continued efforts are made to expose and cease. From CLASS ACTION suit members, this type of attack can be deadly in various ways, and is TORTUROUS. It included sleep depravation until 4AM and loud alarms and outside extreme motor noises, for days prior as well as by phone, voice mail, electronic intrusions and transfers and 5 hours to obtain a flight ticket by phone to DC and blocked internet account set up with providers, (WITH AMPLIFIED SUGGESTIONS or modulations) and sensitivities to entrain and channel further connectivity sound waves during tired sleep not to awake programming. In the Jawad case No. 05-cv-2385 (RMU) GUANTANAMO prisoners are kept tired to be programmed during sleep and not wake up with interruptions techniques. This sleep disorder goes on in AMERICAN homes with sleep disorders that began 40 years ago or so. Appellant was able to record and video these awful events and suspects is being entrained mentally to accept such intrusions. Appellant is harassed and sabotaged daily, to impede her expert witness testimonies and WARN the people how and where this Country is being taken down behind the scenes and by an unwitting public timed in advance to sabotage lives. More than what Tice stated in full article and more than each of my accusations are already being investigated by analysts since my efforts have been taken to several authorities; the NSA began searching for an Attorney upon my threats and lawsuit on May 28th. Historically, numerous citizens, have not been amongst just Officials but anyone who dares to expose and prevent the corruption, abuse of power, and conspiracy underway, unsuccessfully because they are under the influence of mind controls UNREALIZED, always missing the mark and as Sunstein’s Report with Cognitive Infiltrations is not gang related but psyops on the American Ordinary People. (Quoting what Appellant’s accusations are from years of her documented Government torture, sabotaged life in front of a Sheriff Department, and framed with the exact events below which are that of cults and Church Committee tactics going on today. Russell Tice, a Hero Under GOD, Jim Keith and Dr. Walter Bowart not gone in vein. This Country is not only being usurped legally or Constitutionally, but psychologically one mind and soul at a time allowing it to evolve from 50 years of transmitted Americans and criminal. Currently experiencing additional unpleasant attacks as follows, with full article at (Appx N) that should not be discounted;

“Is the NSA Conducting Electronic Warfare on Americans?

Russ Tice, former NSA intelligence officer and current Whistleblower, was to testify before the Senate Armed Services Committee this week. Apparently the testimony, Mr. Tice wanted to give, makes General Hayden’s phone surveillance program look like very small potatoes. Mr. Tice’s testimony is expected to reveal further illegal activity overseen by General Michael Hayden which even loyal and patriotic NSA employees view as unlawful. I think the people I talk to next week are going to be shocked when I tell them what I have to tell them. IT’S PRETTY HARD TO BELIEVE, Tice said….NSA personnel can control the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals in the U.S. by using the NSA’s domestic intelligence network and cover businesses. The operations independently run by them can sometimes go beyond the bounds of law. LONG-TERM CONTROL AND SABOTAGE OF TENS OF THOUSANDS OF UNWITTING CITIZENS BY NSA operatives is likely to happen. NSA Domint has the ability to covertly assassinate U.S. citizens or run covert psychological control operations TO CAUSE SUBJECTS TO BE DIAGNOSED WITH ILL MENTAL HEALTH. National Security Agency Signals Intelligence Electronic Brain Link Technology NSA SigInt can remotely detect, identify and monitor a person’s bioelectric fields etc…………

The frequency to which the various brain areas respond varies from 3 Hz to 50 Hz. Only NSA Signals Intelligence modulates signals in this frequency band. An example of EMF Brain Stimulation:

This modulated information can be put into the brain at varying intensities from SUBLIMINAL TO PERCEPTIBLE. Each person’s brain has a unique set of bioelectric resonance/entrainment frequencies. Sending audio information to a person’s brain at the frequency of another person’s auditory cortex would result in that audio information not being perceived. Additionally, A 1994 congressional hearing reported that nearly HALF A MILLION AMERICANS were subjected to some kind of cold war era tests, often without being informed and without their consent. In addition, experimentation law is well grounded in constitutional and international law. It is an under-reported fact that two major reports on human rights and torture in the U.S. recently listed illegal radiation experiments. Many more facts are documented below. Therefore, human research subject protections should be a high priority and are just as significant as current issues of torture and illegal wiretapping. It is time for America to wake up. It is time for America to protect its Whistleblowers who are our last line of defense against dictatorship and despotism. It is time for America to take responsibility for oversight of its tax dollars and elect leaders who will assume such responsibility now. Yes, the war on terrorism is important. It is even more important and fearful if the terrorism is from within and unknowingly funded by hard working American citizens. There is no Special Access Program beyond the oversight of political leaders elected by the people and for the people. If these political leaders jeopardize national security then that shall be handled in a court of law. But to tell America, to tell the American people, to tell the political leaders elected by the American people that America does not deserve to know what happening in the NSA’s dark, black rooms, with billions of dollars, behind closed doors, when we know that privilege has already been abused; that is the true definition of terrorism. That is the true definition of Communism and a Police State, no oversight. So fellow Americans, you may hem and haw in the face of truth but know that one day you will realize that your country has been usurped from the very principles upon which it was founded.Godspeed, Russ Tice, the Patriots are with you.”

“RUSSELL TICE: If that was done and, you know, I use a big “if” here, and, remember, I can’t tell you what I know of how N.S.A. does its business, but I can use the wiggle words like “if” and scenarios that don’t incorporate specifics, but nonetheless, if U.S. gateways and junction points in the United States were used to siphon off information— AMY GOODMAN: Do you expect you are being monitored, surveilled, wiretapped right now? RUSSELL TICE: Yes, I do As a matter of fact”

“April 1, 1976, Attorney General Levi announced the establishment of a special review committee within the Department of Justice to notify COINTELPRO victims that they were the subjects of FBI activities directed against them. Notification will be made “in those instances where the specific COINTELPRO activity was improper, actual harm may have occurred, and the subjects are not already aware that they were the targets of COINTELPRO activities.” 315

“Further, the Department will have acknowledged — finally — that COINTELPRO was wrong. Official repudiation of the programs is long overdue. (Wiretapping began with Hoover in 1940)”

“The American people need to be assured that never again will an agency of the government be permitted to conduct a secret war against those citizens it considers threats to the established order. Only a combination of legislative prohibition and Departmental control can guarantee that COINTELPRO will not happen again. The notification program is an auspicious beginning. This “rough, tough, dirty business” included infiltration of political groups, psychological warfare, legal harassment, and extralegal force and violence. “The FBI and police threatened, instigated and conducted break-ins, vandalism, assaults, and beatings. The object was to frighten dissidents and disrupt their movements,” write Mike Cassidy and Will Miller. “They used secret and systematic methods of fraud and force, far beyond mere surveillance, to sabotage constitutionally protected political activity. The purpose of the program was, in FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover’s own words, to ‘expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit and otherwise neutralize’ specific groups and individuals.”

“Secretary Geithner also highlighted …Bear Stearns former Chief Operating Officer of Fixed Income, Paul Friedman, stated rumors were untrue until the telling of rumors made them true.”

Posted by sakerfa April 14th, 2010-Journal of Political Philosphy in 2008”

“Why hasn’t the press–aside from MSNBC–covered Russell Tice’s revelations on the government’s massive spy apparatus that according to Tice illegally survey’s every US citizens’ purchasing records, emails, phone calls, bank transactions, etc. and maintains the information in massive databases for nefarious uses?” “DNA and why”

“After the Church Committee exposed COINTELPRO, the government report claimed it had dismantled the program. However, in the 1980s, the Reagan administration legalized the tactics (after the fact) by signing Executive Order 12333”. FOLLOWED by FALSE and LOSS Memory!”

“Posted: March 4, 2010 12:42 PM

A Terrible Mistake: H.P. Albarelli’s Investigation into CIA Scientist’s Murder, at the Crossroads of Mind Control and Assassination

Where else could a red-blooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, steal, rape and pillage with the sanction and blessing of the All-Highest.” — George Hunter White, U.S. Federal Bureau of Narcotics

For well over half a century, the CIA (and its predecessor, OSS) has been violating the Geneva Conventions and the United States Constitution, subjecting the guilty and innocent alike to “cruel and unusual” treatment. H.P. Albarelli’s A Terrible Mistake — The Murder of Frank Olson and CIA’s Cold War Experiments, a fascinating and important new work of unprecedented depth (10 years in the making and involving numerous first hand interviews), pulls back the curtain on the AGENCY’S DIABOLICAL MIND CONTROL Experiments and EXTENSIVEEFFORTS to assemble and analyze every known substance that could kill a person relatively easily, quickly and SURREPTITIOUSLY.

A Terrible Mistake is the true story of how the CIA drugged one of its own scientists and, when “the little bird” flew through a closed window on the 13th floor of the Statler Hotel in Manhattan, proceeded to publicly insist, for decades to come, that Dr. Frank Olson was mentally unstable and had committed suicide. Albarelli takes us with him as he investigates the question: did Frank Olson jump, or was he pitched? (Followed by sudden memory losses!!!!!!!!!)

This compelling tale not only reveals the wherefore and how of Frank Olson’s murder, but looks behind the scenes at CIA and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, deliciously acquainting us with some of the Agency’s darkest characters, including: Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, head of the notorious MKULTRA program, whose mind control techniques included extensive use of LSD; the evil psychiatrist Dr. Harold Abramson; various Corsican mafia kingpins; and the ultimate spy, Pierre Lafitte. Lafitte was not only glamorously descended from the famous pirate captain, Jean Lafitte, he was also a CIA assassin, who just happened to be working as a bellman at the Statler Hotel the night Frank Olson crashed through a closed window and dropped to his death.

A Terrible Mistake reads like the most gripping of spy novels, as it lays out the roadmap to the drug culture of the 1960s and beyond. Since the 1940s, CIA had been hell-bent on perfecting mind control techniques, including the creation of a “truth drug,” for use in interrogation of captured enemy operatives and to root out the enemies within. These pursuits began with Project BLUEBIRD’s creation of synthetic THC (the active ingredient in marijuana), evolving into Project MKULTRA, in which Agency scientists conducted human experiments with LSD and hypnosis (frequently on American citizens held captive in mental hospitals); and ultimately led the Agency into a close associa-tion with international heroin traffickers.

Dr. Frank Olson was a research scientist in the Chemical Branch of the CIA’s Special Operations Division (“SOD”) at Fort Detrick, Maryland, where he was involved in a wide variety of chemical warfare experiments. Some of these experiments took him to exotic destinations in the Caribbean, where the U.S. Army’s Chemical Corps conducted tests resulting in the deaths of thousands of animals, not to mention the supposedly unintended consequences to the health of the residents of an island near the watery test site.

In the summer of 1951, Dr. Olson and other members of the SOD research team traveled to France, in particular, to the village of Pont St. Esprit, for an operation code named Project SPAN. On August 16th of that year, the entire town of Pont St. Esprit was stricken with a mysterious malady. One Parisian reporter described.”

“http://www.legitgov.org/#breaking_news

ACLU Says Government Used False Confessions02 Jul 2009 The American Civil Liberties Union yesterday accused the Obama administration of using statements elicited through torture to justify the confinement of a detainee it represents at the U.S. military prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The ACLU is asking a federal judge to throw out those statements and others made by Mohammed Jawad, an Afghan who may have been as young as 12 when he was captured. His attorney argued that Jawad was abused in U.S. custody, threatened and subjected to intense sleep deprivation. “The government’s continued reliance on evidence gained by torture and other abuse violates centuries of U.S. law and suggests the current administration is not really serious about breaking with the past,” said ACLU lawyer Jonathan Hafetz, who is representing Jawad in a lawsuit challenging his detention.

“Military prosecutor abruptly quit his post, saying that the case was riddled with problems and that the prisoner had suffered physical and psychological mistreatment while in custody.”

U.S. spy says just followed orders in Italy kidnap 30 Jun 2009 A former U.S. spy at the center of a kidnapping trial in Italy appeared to acknowledge a role in the abduction of a Muslim cleric but said he was only following orders, according to a rare interview published on Tuesday. Robert Seldon Lady is one of 26 Americans, almost all believed to have been working for the CIA, who are accused along with Italian spies of grabbing a terrorism suspect off the streets of Milan in 2003 and flying him to Egypt. There, Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr says he was tortured and held for years without charge. Army faces 20 more torture and abuse claims from Iraqi civilians “”

“Numerous cases have BLIGHTED THE COURTS for decades since 1947 Securities Act and these weapons to be researched and experimented about the time Aliens and Apollo hit the Media, and crimes filled the jails with hallucinations, entrapment, and bearing FALSE WITNESS behind the scenes, MILLIONS made by PHARMACEUTICAL with the start of a communication chaos dis-information Operation Mockingbird, FBI Grandeur delusions, in our books, synthetic illness with the AMA, song writing, DYSFUNCTIONALnon-sense corrupt culture, EVOLVED. Now dupedand the EMERGING, explaining so many airport cases and others falsely paranoid using an unwitting public.”

Appellant will show that the above article from Sunstein’s Report is not

hired help or gang-related conspiracies, but what has been impeding A&E 911 truth investigation for 9 years with CIA “Jacketing” to divide and fighting (crimes) on the streets, on line www, turning anyone against the other manifestations unwitting, as Countries creating wars as pawns behind the scenes, Stalking, ID theft, theft and vandalism. Generating false news; OBAMA speech (they like to do that, against each other (diving culture). “Stay the course” to Brainwash, repeatedly Bush speeches (for oil?) and many more duped, (Appx H)), Generating Buzz, FEARS over the years, FLORIDA, and ECONOMIES, Generating Propaganda, Generating Illnesses since missing children on milk cartons, (misfits) in the Pentagon. Journalist, Sharon Weinberger, after PENTAGON interview wrote (“Imaginary Weapons”) and “Wired” Magazine”, and a Globe who saw our Media and Judicial System as a Joke culture, and injustice from within, all with COSTLY zaps as they call it. Appellant purchased from NASA Physicist, the device for $21,000. 00 with Woodpecker scalar waves to Russia and China being used when paranoid Russia had launched theirs breaching airways spying contracts. Appellant had to learn CIA techniques of NLP taught to FBI early 70’s and became certified in Hypnosis in 2008. (Neuro-linguistic Programming which some details were provided of Ft Hood victim, in the (Compl pages 19 and 78)) NLP (1974) is the absolute mind control creations of cognitive impairments, Alzheimer and Dementia, Memory back in timelines, targeting former President Reagan after signing executive order 12333, ADD Scientology and emotional disorders, highest mis-diagnosed ills in America among many new synthetic creations infiltrating Science nefariously for the next generation. New side effects and illnesses plague Americans with no names or traces are endless and documented, as many illusions, delusions, and/or deceptions.

Appellant has knowledge the JUDICIAL SYSTEM has been preventing to save these CRIMES OF HUMANITY, from the MINDS, unwittingly. These activities and other covert programs are being abused with a pattern of experiments and crime corruption on the street since the 1970’s using weapons of technology and Neurological that has investigators spinning their wheels and folks exclaiming, “What is this world coming to, pre 911?” (Tesla Invention and energy 1940) Furthermore, testimonies made in 1977 to U.S. Courts and Congress by whistleblowers Cathy O’brien and CIA Mark Phillips were blocked for reasons of National Security. This 1947 SSP LAW and disbelief and/or forgotten event had unwittingly allowed the crimes and evil corruption to continue in AMERICA at the hands of the most powerful TECHNOLOGY WEAPON of the mind. Too many years of death and torture include every one in this Country somehow. Today some are finally seeing the same has continued to bigger Government crimes and corruption with technology to take over humanity for mass control, Step #9 of 10 (Naomi Wolf, Yale) closer to legalizing Fascism, eyes wide shut: LOSING OUR FREEDOM under the DISGUISE of 911 (nano-thermite findings as ELF-EMF warfare and its speedy debris removal and silenced, etc). Part of a “gradual process” in REVERSING an entire AMERICAN CIVIL WAR and JUDICIAL SYSTEM. Appellant assures the Court that as Access Denied, Trance-formation of America, among many neglected slandered and discredited Whistle- blowers instead of Courageous Heroes; Naomi Wolf, CIA retirees, and NSA employees, reported being hypnotized on the job, are part of GUANTANAMO innocent scapegoats used as Public display tricks to decoy. ACLU reports of false statements of confessions after sending them my information of psyops infiltrations brainwash over time, again reason for delays, and covert sweeping of DC and NY pre 911, whitewashed AFTER 2008 infiltrated to Mosques as Shuttle and much more. Numerous investigations with missed fact -findings at the hands of mind control behind the scenes. Covert condos built underground reports by Jesse Ventura currently in the MIDWEST and false threat of war on US Soil created in the process of being manifested with 911. Mind controlled Pawns, Manchurians and staged London Bombings, as domestically. (App.E3)

Appellant does not consent to the espionage information being transmitted against her will to her discoveries today and should not have been targeted with this experiment and beyond torture and information. Remote View Projects that REQUIRED HUMAN EXPERIMENTING and “The Cult of Intelligence”-occults covertly. Numerous DARPA and Military projects, Pandora’s Box, Voice of GOD. Former United States Government Physicist! 1981-Lt Col. US Army Retired, Pentagon analyst McRae, Ronald, Mind Wars, St. Martin’s Press, 1984, p 127, Psychic Weapons) and synthetic telepathy, (creating wars and crimes on our streets) and the new buzz words in the Pentagon, Operation Northwoods, Project Stargate, Spacestar, (CIA Psychic Remote Viewing and FBI Virtual Project, 1996 respectively), Project Paperclip (Space Medicine), Remote Accupuncture (ELF) electrosis, Project Hybrid Insects & Polar Bears and

hallucinations…), for abusive powers.

Appellant will also provide evidence to the connection of numerous sabotaged court cases, our economy manipulations, and 911 with this WEAPON of technology mind wars used on most Americans for decades. “We the People” had, and have a powerful sturdy foundation to disbelieveMKULTRA and the Church Committee is still active and/or part of the brainwash with massive investigations and CASES diverted for years. Appellant’s quashed and impeded warnings ignored by Congress leading to many deaths, BP oil, ELF EMF Red Tide, Labs-1947, VETERANS un-traceable Agent Orange etc, and many calamities including non-sense, mis applied dysfunctions, delays, sabotaged people and cases from the mind. Henderson v. Veterans Affairs 09-1036, VVA v, CIA cv 09 0037 CW, which has pleadings with mischaracterized discoveries, delays, denials, and refusals, with mind control throughout. On Oct 13, 2010, declarations made by CIA and DOD agents who do not have top secret clearance of covert ops today and who are themselves unwitting victims as other agents and Gov’t Officials as Whistleblower Russell Tice himself. The basis of Appellant’s case and point. Their Affidavit states in 1973 the programs went under severe tight guard secret, which is about when they deployed psyops on the Public for power upon this discovery, which is evolving outside the U S now as a result of no TRANSPARENCY and SSP with a new DHS and revampedFBI, WHITEWASH and lost in generationalGAP. Furthermore, Plaintiff has obtained 20,000 pages of documents and videos, and more from Canada before CIA destructions, and went public Aug, 2010. There is no documentation of currentNLP, Remote mind control or viewing made available and EXPERIMENTS are REQUIRED especially since patented and Ops admitted by former and current agents, as well as other prominent folks. In addition, there is talk from outsiders of DOD and across the Nation, of CointelPro MIND CONTROL as admitted in the 70’s and with crimes under Operation CHAOS with skepticisms in the White House for 2 Administrations, charges for electronic spying were made back then with data minding since then. (CIA Church Committee Report Page 682, 687 and 1947 Act, and Compl page 5, 7paragraph7)They did not cease or abolish this Act, but went black according to Tice and Millions of People so far including those victimized which Appellant interviewed and those with Cancer. Appellant provided the VA with the non-traceable ills of Americans at the hands of this Directed Energy Weapon also used in the Gulf War (ComplFootnote 7 and ¶36, Appx H, N, P-) San Francisco Firm Press Release Media Advisory. Julianne McKinney, Director of these Military Ops is still battling Oversight. (Compl ¶36)

Appellant prayed for an immediate injunction relief and has been under

urgencies, demanding JUSTICE, to prove this case.

SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT

I. This Case Presents an Important Violation of our Amendment Laws and the future ROLE of the Judicial system. (Compl ¶28)

II. There is an immediate and serious impact on the Appellant and public’s safety with severe and alarming corruption and crimes to cease.

III. Analogously, in history of these crimes and violations cases involving Cointelpro, Church Committee and MKULTRA, knowledge of the illicit nature is imputed to the defendant, further victimized and traumatized by the public’s disbeliefs, even though technical and credible testimony have been made unrealized, as in United States v. Lindauer Case No. 03 Cr. 807, falsely accused, slandered, delayed, detained, for 2 years as most whistleblowers to impede truth until too late to matter.(Church Committee full report-went black, Compl page 5)

IV. Additionally, because the majority has not been appropriately made aware of the extent of surveillance for the uses of spying, data-mining, breached contracts, treason, and nefarious misuses to humanity, millions more victimized, that would indeed come forward for immediate dismantling of Covert Remote Viewing,

V. The Appellant made demands for FOIA, damages physical and psychological (with irreparable harm, monetary losses, witness protection, proper media coverage, and an injunction, and has not been free to exercise her rights to speech against the government crimes and to leave her house for the past 4 years and has been retaliated upon in various ways including experimentation of mental GAG orders and House Arrest as with other (ORDINARY UNWITTING PUBLIC, non-gang). These blocks coupled with detainments by law enforcements in all efforts to WARN while DELAYING and covering up accusations. Part of Appellant’s harmful damages is too vexing and mind controlled transmits to err. Appellant was traumatized and is writing pro se with privacy concern. Medical records will be provided for physical and psychological evidence. (Compl page 16, 17, 30, 35, 61, 65, 68, and ¶23, ¶33 ¶63) Symptoms are that of VETS-D.E.W. Neurologic torture, picking up behaviors, illnesses hiding as if organically grown, as cults and synthetic addictions on civilians. Affecting emotions and 5 senses, and this case to prove all, from being targeted to wars.

VI. This Case depicts important Violations of our Amendments that has caused mass chaos, Population Control, and a Society to be disillusioned, misled, along with disbeliefs at the hands of mind control TRANSMISSIONS behind the scenes pawns to create dis-information, mis-understandings and cognitive impairments, to divide and conquer people and to procure and produce exact OPPOSITES (FANNED) of events and harassment. Appellant was extremely Pro-Government 4 years ago, as is the Honorable JUDGE John D Bates, thus has the right to an impartial trial and the public at large needs to know and has the right to know including and especially JUDGES. One should not let a rule prevent truth and crimes if justice and truth is our goal to begin with. JUDGES cannot make correct informed decisions WITHOUT this KNOWLEDGE.

VII. VARIOUS ADMISSIONS from Military OFFICIALS, Secretary

Hazel O’Leary of the DOE and Presidents and others that Electronic Warfare

on US Soil is taking place toward Millions of innocent UNWITTING Civilians included continued operation of COINTELPRO MKULTRA as opinions confirms the allegations dating years back to Church Committee CIA diabolical tactics and NSA transmissions for Electronic Warfare on Americans and humanity. For nothing in the history of humanity and our judicial system can ever be resolved or accountable UNTIL this case and its WEAPON at hand is heard, considered, and ruled, thus bringing CONSPIRACY THEORISTS TO FACT. The American Judicial system needs to recognize these issues and hold this covert shadow Government accountable to successfully CEASE ITS OWN DEMISE as part of the humanities and “We the People” duped and brainwashed within our own CIA terrorists. We are ALL in DANGER, and notice DC that is kept in a Bubble.

VIII. No act of Congress can authorize a violation of the Constitution. The

Constitution cannot be interpreted safely except by reference to common law and to British institutions as they were when the instrument was framed and adopted. In the 2nd case, Plaintiff provided additional names of Assassinations and did haveclaims for damages, with an added claims made and documentation that this does exist by our own DIA shadow Gov’t. The District court dismissed case as fanciful instead of grounds for repugnancies that can be proven, urgently, and is warranted with merit as victim, target and injured party. (Compl ¶23)

IX. As in the ACLU v. NSANos. 06-2095/2140-07a0253, this pattern of Constitutional Violations and torture is victimizing civilians for decades and Appellant is a target of this technology weapon kept covert for nefarious uses and conspiracies. THERE WAS AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION with ALARMING, overwhelming historical facts and admissions of these weapons in use nefariously. Appellant is under attacks and is seeking assistance, and leave of court again to amend, risking her life and family, trying to warn the people, and offered to testify before Congress, after years of torture and courage with enough resources to help her to survive and also demanding discoveries and investigations as to where HUMANITY is heading un-wit, if JUDGESdon’t stop them NOW.

CONCLUSION

“When even one American -who has done nothing wrong- is forced by fear

to shut his mind and close his mouth, then all Americans are in peril.

Harry S. Truman”

“God Bless America, God Bless Humanity!”

In light of the foregoing, the court should reverse the District court’s Order

to dismiss and remand this matter for expedited further proceedings.

Respectfully submitted,

MIREILLE TORJMAN

Appellant is Pro se

Endnotes

1 “United States v. Lindauer Case No. 03 Cr. 807

Whistleblower agent remote viewing falsely accused and detained delays until too late to use her information and the 911 brainwash.”

a search occurs only when 1) a person expects privacy in the thing searched and 2) society believes that expectation is reasonable. In Katz, the Supreme Court ruled that a search had occurred when the government wiretapped a telephone booth.[21] The Court’s reasoning was that 1) the defendant expected that his phone booth conversation would not be broadcast to the wider world and 2) society believes that expectation is reasonable.”

3 “Skilling V. United States, No. 08–1394 Opinion of Sotomayor, J. In sum, I cannot accept the majority’s conclusion that voir dire gave the District Court “a sturdy foundation to assess fitness for jury service.” Cf. ante, at 29. Taken together, the District Court’s failure to cover certain vital subjects, its superficial coverage of other topics, and its uncritical acceptance of assurances of impartiality leave me doubtful that Skilling’s jury was indeed free from the deep-seated animosity that pervaded the community at large. “[R]egardless of the heinousness of the crime charged, the apparent guilt of the offender[,] or the station in life which he occupies,” our system of justice demands trials that are fair in both appearance and fact. Irvin, 366. Because I do not believe Skilling’s trial met this standard, I would grant him relief.”

4 “Constitutional Provisions, Statutes And Policies At Issue First Amendment

to The United States Constitution Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for redress.”

“OLSON also pushed or fell 9 (by mind control neuro) in strange death as quoted family case and Jim Keith death without LSD cover up IMPORTED by our CIA and sold to kids, and censored book out as Cult of Intelligence sold in Nice.” “The CIA COOPER report was a complete WHITEWASH and history repeating itself by Agenda.”

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

As required by this Court of Appeals F.R.A.P.P. 25, 28 and 32 (a)(7)(b)(iii), 32 (a)(5), and (6) typeface requirements.

I certify that this brief contains 8304 words at in 14 pt Times New Roman.

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I certify that a true copy of the foregoing brief has been furnished in person at 333 Constitution Ave NW, Washington DC 20001Court of Appeals Clerk, and via regular Mail to US Attorney Civil Division, Craig Lawrence at 555 4th Street NW, Washington DC 20530, on November 12, 2010.

I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct on November 12, 2010.

Respectfully submitted,

Mireille Torjman

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

MIREILLE TORJMAN CASE NO.: TBD

PO Box 8083

Delray Beach, FL 33482

Plaintiff

V.

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIONS, et al.

935 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest
Washington, DC 20535-0001;

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

Office of Public Affairs
Washington, D.C. 20505;

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY

9800 Savage Road, Suite 6711
Fort Meade, MD 20755-6711;

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

600 E Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20530;

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

1400 Defense Pentagon

Washington, DC 20301-1400;

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

1000 Independence Ave

Washington, DC 20585;

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Defendants

COMPLAINT

1. Plaintiff, Mireille Torjman hereby brings this action for injunction relief, damages, and tort damages, FOIA, and the right of review, based on personal knowledge and belief, as a victim and expert witness, to the serious information provided, as to all other matters, as to which allegations Plaintiff, without doubt or delusion, will provide proof, un-refuted evidence, overwhelming evidentiary support, witnesses, substantial facts, documents, videos, records, research, and investigation that exists and disclosed to the press by NSA on item ¶ 15, and as follows:

PRELIMINARY STATEMENT

2. This case is about the wiretapping, surveillance, civil rights violations, privacy, communications technology, and crimes of humanity, in use by the Intelligence Community. With the advanced technology unknown to most, of shadow network of surveillance and spying, including, defendants are, transmitting, storing, tampering, and blocking or intercepting the content of a significant portion of the Plaintiff’s phone calls, emails, instant messaging, text messaging, Internet, Skype, electronic and wireless communications, and other communications harassment, both internationally and domestic, including Plaintiff’s family and practically every American, for the past 4 years, beginning on or about January 2007.

3. Plaintiff’s records will show communications are intercepted, manipulated, tampered with, stored, (data mining), harassed, and impeded. Plaintiff will provide numerous and countless, emails hijacked, fabricated, UNREAD, manipulated, deleted, including mail UPS, facsimile, and internet manipulations, since 2007. Plaintiff’s numerous impeded electronic communications with all her service providers were debilitating to her work and she had no resolve available from providers who were unable to detect or correct the situations. This includes manufactured emails, phone calls, and government employee’s unwitting involvement. In 2008, Plaintiff was also accused legally of false communications during her service with Qwest, by using wiretapped calls and disconnects to create false records with her utilities company, including defamation to her character.

On information and belief, Whistle BlowerKay Griggs, Military wife of former Chief of Staff Lt. Col, Black-Ops and underground she called“ Secret Societies”, was also harassed, impeded with and isolated, by “COMMUNICATION CHAOS“ tactics that she called mind jabbing ,cut and paste, with automobile sabotages, upon testifying, as same with Plaintiff’s various attempts and events.

4. Plaintiff is not delusional and has provided her records to DOJ in early 2009, with documents from many other credible sources and whistle blowers. Plaintiff requests that the Russell Tice case and Articles below underlined are read with disclosures being made as to her allegations, injunction relief, various separate counts, and tort damages throughout. Plaintiff has demonstrated courage, risked her reputation, risked her life, and family’s, and has been threatened, prior to receiving an anonymous email of the NSA article (below) in February 2009 and retaliated against. Plaintiff tried to blow the whistle to the DA late 2007, and was not aware what NSA was or government corruption, but knew she had to report what was going on; as quoted by Mr. Tice and others; “Statement by NSA, is “THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG and WIRETAPPING SURVEILLANCE LOOK LIKE SMALL POTATOES”. Most recently, Plaintiff was able to meet with the FBI in early 2010, and provided some information for investigation by various FBI analysts. Plaintiff was impeded to testify at a NY senate hearing in February 2009.

5. Plaintiff is suing defendants to enjoin their unlawful activities of all electronic communications, tangible and intangible and all allegations below and to require the inventory and destruction of those that have already been seized., and to obtain appropriate statutory, actual, and punitive damages, to deter future illegal activities. Plaintiff is also suing for injunctive relief, personal injury tort and damages, the right of review, and FOIA records.

7. Plaintiffs are informed, believe and thereon allege that Defendants have sufficient contacts with this

district generally and, in particular, with the events herein alleged, that Defendants are subject to the exercise

of jurisdiction of this court over the person of such Defendants and that venue is proper in this judicial district pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391.

8. Plaintiff is informed, believe and thereon allege that a substantial part of the events giving rise to the claims herein alleged occurred in this district jurisdiction, and Defendants and/or agents of Defendants may be found in this district, nationally, and internationally.

PARTIES

9. Plaintiff, Mireille Torjman is an intelligent native French speaking refugee from Marrakesh, Morocco. Plaintiff is a divorced woman of 48 years of age and was an accountant for 25 years. Plaintiff comes from a religious background, disciplined and educated, has spent 25 years in the Philadelphia area, currently staying in South Florida.

10. Defendant Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) is an agency under the direction and control of the Department of Justice and the Pentagon that investigates and protects the Nation with Programs of CointelPro joined by CIA operating on U.S. Soil.

11. Defendant Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an agency that protects the Country in first line of Defense and collects information that reveals the plans, intentions and capabilities of our adversaries and provides the basis for decision and action.

12. Defendant NSA Defendant National Security Agency (NSA) is an agency under the direction and control of the Department of Defense that collects, processes, and disseminates foreign signals intelligence. It is responsible for carrying out the Programs challenged herein.

13. Defendant United States is the United States of America, its departments, agencies, and entities. Including DOJ, and Congresswoman Ginny Browne-Waite as the current Florida Congress Representative of the United States, who Plaintiff attempted to warn on numerous occasions since early 2008 and Senator Bill Nelson, currently on Florida’s Intelligence Committee.

BACKGROUND

14. Counter Intelligence Program was a series of covert, and often illegal, projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at investigating and disrupting dissident political organizations within the United States. The FBI used covert operations from its inception; however formal COINTELPRO operations took place between 1956 and 1971. The FBI’s stated motivation at the time was “protecting national security, preventing violence, and maintaining the existing social and political order.” According to FBI records, 85% of Cointelpro resources were expended on infiltrating, disrupting, marginalizing, and/or subverting groups suspected of being subversive, such as communist and socialist organizations; the women’s rights movement; militantblack nationalist groups, and the non-violent civil rights movement, including individuals such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Congress of Racial Equality, the American Indian Movement, and other civil rights groups; a broad range of organizations labeled “New Left“, including Students for a Democratic Society, the National Lawyers Guild, the Weathermen, almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, and even individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation; and nationalist groups such as those “seeking independence for Puerto Rico.” The other 15% of Cointelpro resources were expended to marginalize and subvert “white hate groups,” including the Ku Klux Klan and National States’ Rights Party. The directives governing Cointelpro were issued by FBI DirectorJ. Edgar Hoover, who ordered FBI agents to “expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize” the activities of these movements and their leaders. Hoover disclosed how horrific these weapons were thus, hard to believe. MKULTRA mind control experiments began at the end of WWII and then became public in the 1970’s, however imperfectly, and went ‘black” again because of Senate hearings, but these experiments have continued to this day. The only reason that MKULTRA was ever brought into the light of day was that a dissident group stole government documents and released them to the press, which initially refused to publish them. The MKULTRA archive was destroyed because of the seriousness of the crimes perpetrated by the intelligence communities. If it became public knowledge that the intelligence agencies had allowed Nazi war criminals to experiment upon American citizens, including children, and then replicated these techniques themselves, the damage to their reputation could never be undone. The only aspects of CIA criminal activity in general, or MKULTRA in particular, that the intelligence community ever admitted to were the ones that were already public, or details that had very little to do with the current capabilities of mind control weapons and techniques. Microwave weapons and remote influence of the Human Central Nervous System are the crown jewels of the intelligence community. The DEFENDER and AGILE Programs formed the foundation of DARPA sensor, surveillance, spying, and directed energy R&D, particularly in the study of radar, infrared sensing, and x-ray/gamma ray detection. During the late 1960s, with the transfer of these mature programs to the Services, ARPA redefined its role and concentrated on a diverse set of relatively small, essentially exploratory research programs. The Agency was renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1972, and during the early 1970s, it emphasized direct energy programs, information processing, and tactical technologies.

Today we know we have had the Technology as warfare and/or medicine, coupled with the Conspiracy theories of HAARP, (Dr. Hubertus Strughold, space medicine-project paperclip-The Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1995; “Dark Moon; Apollo and Whistleblowers Second craft 11, shadowing Apollo 13” and technical difficulties with no witnesses returned. Issues of Mind Control reported by Dr. Rauni-Leena Luukanen Kilde – Nyhetsspeilet.no with 50 year old technology from our government being disclosed as new, have consistently been deceiving the public, intentionally and with malice, while mapping out a grid across the Country. DUPLICITOUS and INDUCED manipulations of grave mass control escalations have been documented and quashed over the decades.MKULTRA Experiments for Behavior Modification using the public as pawns for war, also became corrupted for tax gains and global domination, with massive funding to LEAA Law Enforcements while Crimes were induced in major cities in 1968 alone by 50% (FBI, Newsweek reports). Unwitting citizens blighted the courts with lawsuits, prisons and Hospitals in this Country with complaints of mind control that the Media refused to cover. This erupted suddenly and massively over one year and remote viewing was used for entrapment and hallucinations for bearing false witness. Today this continues is still uncovered by media with false statistics and disinformation fanned unwittingly by the media (Project Mockingbird and Spying). A dysfunctional America engineered at the hands of its own secret government. Forty years later the COURTS are blighted with cases of civil/privacy rights, War, torture, and Technology combined if we don’t stop them with so many warning for AMERICANS TO WAKE UP. An agenda for larger government, and world domination, with CONGRESS spinning their wheels; instead of meeting once a year as intended in the Constitution, and invisible weapons to help hijacked this country since a 1910 secret meeting on Jekyll Island to create a blank check for “The Federal Reserve”. (Church Committee 1970 called NSA transmissions today) Most people are not ready to handle this kind of information.

CHURCH COMMITTEE Reports:

By the early years of the 1970s, the unpopularity of the Vietnam War and the unfolding Watergate scandal brought the era of minimal oversight to an abrupt halt. Congress was determined to rein in the Nixon administration and to ascertain the extent to which the nation’s intelligence agencies had been involved in questionable, if not outright illegal, activities.

A series of troubling revelations started to appear in the press concerning intelligence activities. First came the revelations of Christopher Pyle in January 1970 of the U.S. Army‘s spying on the civilian population[1][2] and Sam Ervin‘s Senate investigations that resulted.[3]The dam broke on 22 December 1974, when The New York Times published a lengthy article by Seymour Hersh detailing operations engaged in by the CIA over the years that had been dubbed the “family jewels“. Covert action programs involving assassination attempts against foreign leaders and covert attempts to subvert foreign governments were reported for the first time. In addition, the article discussed efforts by intelligence agencies to collect information on the political activities of US citizens.[4]

These revelationsconvinced many Senators and Representatives that the Congress itself had been too lax, trusting, and naive in carrying out its oversight responsibilities.

The Church Committee learned that beginning in the 1950s; the CIA and FBI intercepted, opened and photographed more than 215,000 pieces of mail by the time the program called “HT Lingual” was shut down in 1973. This program was all done under the “mail covers” program. A mail cover is when the government records without a warrant or notification all information on the outside of an envelope or package, including the name of the sender and the recipient. The Church report found that the CIA was zealous about keeping the Postal Service from learning that mail was being opened by government agents. CIA agents moved mail to a private room to open the mail or in some cases opened envelopes at night after stuffing them in briefcases or coat pockets to deceive postal officials.[5]

On April 1, 1976, Attorney General Levi announced the establishment of a special review committee within the Department of Justice to notify COINTELPRO victims that they were the subjects of FBI activities directed against them. Notification will be made “in those instances where the specific COINTELPRO activity was improper, actual harm may have occurred, and the subjects are not already aware that they were the targets of COINTELPRO activities.” 315

Further, the Department will have acknowledged — finally — that COINTELPRO was wrong. Official repudiation of the programs is long overdue. (Wiretapping began with Hoover in 1940)

The American people need to be assured that never again will an agency of the government be permitted to conduct a secret war against those citizens it considers threats to the established order. Only a combination of legislative prohibition and Departmental control can guarantee that COINTELPRO will not happen again. The notification program is an auspicious beginning. This “rough, tough, dirty business” included infiltration of political groups, psychological warfare, legal harassment, and extralegal force and violence. “The FBI and police threatened, instigated and conducted break-ins, vandalism, assaults, and beatings. The object was to frighten dissidents and disrupt their movements,” write Mike Cassidy and Will Miller. “They used secret and systematic methods of fraud and force, far beyond mere surveillance, to sabotage constitutionally protected political activity. The purpose of the program was, in FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover’s own words, to ‘expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit and otherwise neutralize’ specific groups and individuals.”

After the Church Committee exposed COINTELPRO, the governmentclaimed it had dismantled the program. However, in the 1980s, the Reagan administration legalized the tactics by signing Executive Order 12333.

“There is every reason to believe that even what was not legalized is still going on as well. Lest we forget, Lt. Col. Oliver North funded and orchestrated from the White House basement break-ins and other ‘dirty tricks’ to defeat congressional critics of U.S. policy in Central America and to neutralize grassroots protest. Special Prosecutor Walsh found evidence that North and Richard Secord (architect of the 1960s covert actions in Cambodia) used Iran-Contra funds to harass the Christic Institute, a church-funded public interest group specializing in exposing government misconduct,” Cassidy and Miller continue.

In addition, North worked with FEMA to develop contingency plans for suspending the Constitution, establishing martial law, and holding political dissidents in concentration camps. Since the false flag attacks of September 11, 2001, the government has worked incessantly to fine tune plans to impose martial law. It has also worked to federalize and militarized law enforcement around the country. Brian Glick (War at Home) argues that COINTELPRO is a permanent feature of the government. “The record of the past 50 years reveals a pattern of continuous domestic covert action,” Glick wrote in the 1990s. “Its use has been documented in each of the last nine administrations, Democratic as well as Republican. FBI testimony shows ‘COINTELPRO tactics’ already in full swing during the presidencies of Democrats Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry Truman. COINTELPRO itself, while initiated under Eisenhower, grew from one program to six under the Democratic administrations of Kennedy and Johnson… After COINTELPRO was exposed [by the Church Committee], similar programs continued under other names during the Carter years as well as under Nixon, Ford, and Reagan. They have outlived J. Edgar Hoover and remained in place under all of his successors.”

15. Is the NSA Conducting Electronic Warfare On Americans?

Jonas Holmes May 19, 2006 CHRONICLE ARTICLE
Russ Tice, former NSA intelligence officer and current Whistleblower, was to testify before the Senate Armed Services Committee this week. Apparently the testimony, Mr. Tice wanted to give, makes General Hayden’s phone surveillance program look like very small potatoes. Mr. Tice’s testimony is expected to reveal further illegal activity overseen by General Michael Hayden which even loyal and patriotic NSA employees view as unlawful. I think the people I talk to next week are going to be shocked when I tell them what I have to tell them. IT’S PRETTY HARD TO BELIEVE, Tice said. I hope that they’ll clean up the abuses and have some oversight into these programs, which doesn’t exist right now. According to Mr. Tice, what has been disclosed so far is only the tip of the iceberg. What in the world could Russ Tice be talking about! To figure it out let us take a look at Russ Tice’s work at the NSA.
According to the Washington Times and numerous other sources, Mr. Tice worked on special access programs related to electronic intelligence gathering while working for the NSA and DIA, where he took part in space systems communications, non-communications signals, electronic warfare, satellite control, telemetry, sensors, and special capability systems. Special Access Programs or SAPs refer to Black Budgets or Black Operations. Black means that they are covert and hidden from everyone except the participants. Feasibly there would be no arena with a greater potential for abuse and misuse than Special Access Programs. Even now Congress and the Justice Department are being denied the ability to investigate these programs because they don’t have clearance. To put it in CNN’s Jack Cafferty’s words a top secret government agency, the NSA, the largest of its kind in the world, is denying oversight or investigation by the American people because investigators lack clearance. To add a layer of irony to the Black Ops cake this travesty is occurring in America, the supposed bastion of Freedom and Democracy, which we are currently trying to export to Iraq.
It just gets scarier. The Black Ops that Mr. Tice was involved in related to electronic intelligence gathering via space systems communications, non-communications signals, electronic warfare, satellite control, telemetry, sensors, and special capability systems. For greater insight as to the impact of these programs readers should review decades old FOIA authenticated programs such as MKULTRA, BLUEBIRD, COINTELPRO and ARTICHOKE. Radar based Telemetry involves the ability to see through walls without thermal imaging. Electronic Warfare is even scarier if we take a look at the science. NSA Signals Intelligence Use of EMF Brain Stimulation. NSA Signals Intelligence uses EMF Brain Stimulation for Remote Neural Monitoring (RNM) and Electronic Brain Link (EBL). EMF Brain Stimulation has been in development since the MKUltra program of the early 1950’s, which included neurological research into “radiation” (non-ionizing EMF) and bioelectric research and development. The resulting secret technology is categorized at the National Security Archives as “Radiation Intelligence,” defined as “information from unintentionally emanated electromagnetic waves in the environment, not including radioactivity or nuclear detonation.” Signals Intelligence implemented and kept this technology secret in the same manner as other electronic warfare programs of the U.S. government. The NSA monitors available information about this technology and withholds scientific research from the public. There are also international intelligence agency agreements to keep this technology secret.
The NSA has proprietary electronic equipment that analyzes electrical activity in humans from a distance. NSA computer-generated brain mapping can continuously monitor all the electrical activity in the brain continuously. The NSA records and decodes individual brain maps (of hundreds of thousands of persons) for national security purposes. EMF Brain Stimulation is also secretly used by the military for Brain-to-computer link. (In military fighter aircraft, for example.) For electronic surveillance purposes electrical activity in the speech center of the brain can be translated into the subject’s verbal thoughts. RNM can send encoded signals to the brain’s auditory cortex thus allowing audio communication direct to the brain (bypassing the ears). NSA operatives can use this to covertly debilitate subjects by simulating auditory hallucinations characteristic of paranoid schizophrenia. Without any contact with the subject, Remote Neural Monitoring can map out electrical activity from the visual cortex of a subject’s brain and show images from the subject’s brain on a video monitor. NSA operatives see what the surveillance subject’s eyes are seeing. Visual memory can also be seen. RNM can send images direct to the visual cortex. bypassing the eyes and optic nerves. NSA operatives can use this to surreptitiously put images in a surveillance subject’s brain while they are in R.E.M. sleep for brain-programming purposes. Individual citizens occasionally targeted for surveillance by independently operating NSA personnel
NSA personnel can control the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals in the U.S. by using the NSA’s domestic intelligence network and cover businesses. The operations independently run by them can sometimes go beyond the bounds of law. Long-term control and SABOTAGE OF TENS OF THOUSANDS OF UNWITTING CITIZENS by NSA operatives is likely to happen. NSA Domint has the ability to covertly assassinate U.S. citizens or run covert psychological control operations to cause subjects to be diagnosed with ill mental health. National Security Agency Signals Intelligence Electronic Brain Link Technology NSA SigInt can remotely detect, identify and monitor a person’s bioelectric fields. The NSA’s Signals Intelligence has the proprietary ability to remotely and non-invasively monitor information in the human brain by digitally decoding the evoked potentials in the 30-50 hz,.5 milliwatt electro-magnetic emissions from the brain. Neuronal activity in the brain creates a shifting electrical pattern that has a shifting magnetic flux. This magnetic flux puts out a constant 30-50 hz, .5 milliwatt electromagnetic (EMF) wave. Contained in the electromagnetic emission from the brain are spikes and patterns called “evoked potentials.” Every thought, reaction, motor command, auditory event, and visual image in the brain has a corresponding “evoked potential” or set of “evoked potentials.” The EMF emission from the brain can be decoded into the current thoughts, images and sounds in the subject’s brain. NSA SigInt uses EMF-transmitted Brain Stimulation as a communications system to transmit information (as well as nervous system messages) to intelligence agents and also to transmit to the brains of covert operations subjects (on a non-perceptible level). EMF Brain Stimulation works by sending a complexly coded and pulsed electromagnetic signal to trigger evoked potentials (events) in the brain, thereby forming sound and visual images in the brain’s neural circuits. EMF Brain Stimulation can also change a person’s brain-states and affect motor control. Two-way Electronic Brain-Link is done by remotely monitoring neural audio-visual information while transmitting sound to the auditory cortex (bypassing the ears) and transmitting faint images to the visual cortex (bypassing the optic nerves and eyes, the images appear as floating 2-D screens in the brain). Two-Way Electronic Brain Link has become the ultimate communications system for CIA/NSA personnel. Remote Neural Monitoring (RNM, remotely monitoring bioelectric information in the human brain) has become the ultimate surveillance system. It is used by a limited number of agents in the U.S. Intelligence Community. RNM requires decoding the resonance frequency of each specific brain area. That frequency is then modulated in order to impose information in that specific brain area. The frequency to which the various brain areas respond varies from 3 Hz to 50 Hz. Only NSA Signals Intelligence modulates signals in this frequency band.

This modulated information can be put into the brain at varying intensities from subliminal to perceptible. Each person’s brain has a unique set of bioelectric resonance/entrainment frequencies. Sending audio information to a person’s brain at the frequency of another person’s auditory cortex would result in that audio information not being perceived. Additionally, A 1994 congressional hearing reported that nearly half a million Americans were subjected to some kind of cold war era tests, often without being informed and without their consent. In addition, experimentation law is well grounded in constitutional and international law. It is an under-reported fact that two major reports on human rights and torture in the U.S. recently listed illegal radiation experiments. Many more facts are documented below. Therefore, human research subject protections should be a high priority and are just as significant as current issues of torture and illegal wiretapping. IT IS TIME FOR AMERICA TO WAKE UP. It is time for America to protect its Whistleblowers who are our last line of defense against dictatorship and despotism. It is time for America to take responsibility for oversight of its tax dollars and elect leaders who will assume such responsibility now. Yes, the war on terrorism is important. It is even more important and fearful if the terrorism is from within and unknowingly funded by hard working American citizens. There is no Special Access Program beyond the oversight of political leaders elected by the people and for the people. If these political leaders jeopardize national security then that shall be handled in a court of law. But to tell America, to tell the American people, to tell the political leaders elected by the American people that America does not deserve to know what happening in the NSA’s dark, black rooms, with billions of dollars, behind closed doors, when we know that privilege has already been abused; that is the true definition of TERRORISM. That is the true definition of Communism and a Police State, no oversight. So fellow Americans, you may hem and haw in the face of truth but know that one day you will realize that your country has been USURPED from the very principles upon which it was founded.

Godspeed, Russ Tice, the Patriots are with you.

16. Why hasn’t the press–aside from MSNBC–covered Russell Tice’s revelations on the government’s massive spy apparatus that according to Tice illegally survey’s every US citizens’ purchasing records, emails, phone calls, bank transactions, etc. and maintains the information in massive databases for nefarious uses?

17. In the Interview of January 03, 2006 the following statements were revealed:

AMY GOODMAN: That was Sibel Edmonds. Russell Tice, you are a member of her group, the National Security Whistleblowers Coalition.

AMY GOODMAN: What do you think of the Justice Department launching an investigation into the leak, who leaked the fact that President Bush was spying on American citizens?

RUSSELL TICE: Well, I think this is an attempt to make sure that no intelligence officer ever considers doing this. What was done to me was basically an attempt to tell other intelligence officers, ‘HEY, IF YOU DO SOMETHING LIKE THIS, IF YOU DO SOMETHING TO TICK US OFF, WE’RE GOING TO TAKE YOUR JOB FROM YOU, WE’RE GONNA DO SOME UNPLEASANT THINGS TO YOU.’

So, right now, the atmosphere at N.S.A. and D.I.A., for that matter, is fear. The security services basically rule over the employees with fear, and people are afraid to come forward. People know if they come forward even in the legal means, like coming to Congress with a concern, your career is over. And that’s just the best scenario. There’s all sorts of other unfortunate things like, perhaps, if someone gets thrown in jail for either a witch-hunt or something trumping up charges or, you know, this guy who is basically reporting a crime.

AMY GOODMAN: Were you ever asked to engage in this?

RUSSELL TICE: No, no, and if I did so, I did so unwittingly, which I have a feeling would be the case for many of the people involved in this. More than likely this was very closely held at the upper echelons at N.S.A., and mainly because these people knew—General Hayden, Bill Black, and probably the new one, Keith Alexander, they all knew this was illegal. So, you know, they kept it from the populace of N.S.A., because every N.S.A. officer certainly knows this is illegal.

AMY GOODMAN: What do you mean if you did so, you did so unwittingly?

RUSSELL TICE: Well, there are certain elements of the aspects of what is done where there are functionaries or technicians or analysts that are given information, and you just process that information. You don’t necessarily know the nitty gritty as to where the information came from or the—it’s called compartmentalization. It’s ironic, but you could be working on programs, and the very person sitting next to you is not cleared for the programs you’re working on, and they’re working on their own programs, and each person knows to keep their nose out of the other person’s business, because everything’s compartmentalized, and you’re only allowed to work on what you have a need to know to work on.

AMY GOODMAN: What about the telecoms, the telecommunications corporations working with the Bush administration to open up a back door to eavesdropping, to wiretapping?

RUSSELL TICE: If that was done and, you know, I USE A BIG “IF” HERE, AND, REMEMBER, I CAN’T TELL YOU WHAT I KNOW of how N.S.A. does its business, but I can use the wiggle words like “if” and scenarios that don’t incorporate specifics, but nonetheless, if U.S. gateways and junction points in the United States were used to siphon off information, I would think that the corporate executives of these companies need to be held accountable, as well, because they would certainly also know that what they’re doing is wrong and illegal. And if they have some sort of court order or some sort of paper or something signed from some government official, Congress needs to look at those papers and look at the bottom line and see whose signature is there. And these corporations know that this is illegal, as well. So everyone needs to be held accountable in this mess.

AMY GOODMAN: When you come on board at these intelligence agencies, as at the National Security Agency, what are you told? I mean, were you aware of the Church hearings in the 1970s that went into the illegal spying on monitoring, of surveilling, of wiretapping of American citizens?

RUSSELL TICE: Well, that’s something that’s really not drummed in your head. That’s more of a history lesson, I think. And the reasoning, ultimately, for the FISA laws and for what’s called USSID 18, which is sort of the SIGINTer’s bible of how they conduct their business, but the law itself is drilled into your head, as well as the tenets of USSID 18, of which the number one commandment is ‘Thou shalt not spy on Americans.’

But ultimately, when we’re using that on—if we’re using that with U.S. databases, then ultimately, once again, the American people are—their civil rights are being violated.

AMY GOODMAN: Do you expect you are being monitored, surveilled, wiretapped right now?

RUSSELL TICE: Yes, I do. As a matter of fact,

AMY GOODMAN: You’re saying in the leadership of your own agency, the National Security Agency?

RUSSELL TICE: That’s correct, yeah, because certainly General Alexander and General Hayden and Bill Black knew that this was illegal.

AMY GOODMAN: But they clearly had to have authorization from above, and Bush is not contending that he did not know.

RUSSELL TICE: Well, that’s true. But the question has to be asked: What did the President know? What was the President told about this? It’s just—there’s just too many variables out there that we don’t know yet. And, ultimately, I think Congress needs to find out those answers. If the President was fed a bill of goods in this matter, then that’s something that has to be addressed. Or if the President himself knew every aspect of what’s going on, if this was some sort of vacuum cleaner deal, then it is ultimately, I would think, the President himself that needs to be held responsible for what’s going on here.

AMY GOODMAN: This investigation that the Justice Department has launched—it’s interesting that Alberto Gonzales is now Attorney General of the United States—the latest story of The New York Times: Gonzales, when he was White House Counsel, when Andrew Card, chief of staff, went to Ashcroft at his hospital bedside to get authorization for this. Can he be a disinterested party in investigating this now, as Attorney General himself?

RUSSELL TICE: Yeah, I think that for anyone to say that the Attorney General is going to be totally unbiased about something like this, I think that’s silly. Of course, the answer is “No.” He can’t be unbiased in this. I think that a special prosecutor or something like that may have to be involved in something like this, otherwise we’re just liable to have a whitewash.

AMY GOODMAN: What do you think of the term “police state”?

RUSSELL TICE: Well, anytime where you have a situation where U.S. citizens are being arrested and thrown in jail with the key being thrown away, you know, potentially being sent overseas to be tortured, U.S. citizens being spied on, you know, and it doesn’t even go to the court that deals with these secret things, you know, I mean, think about it, you could have potentially somebody getting the wrong phone call from a terrorist and having him spirited away to some back-alley country to get the rubber hose treatment and who knows what else. I think that would kind of qualify as a police state, in my judgment. I certainly hope that Congress or somebody sort of does something about this, because, you know, for Americans just to say, ‘Oh, well, we have to do this because, you know, because of terrorism,’ you know, it’s the same argument that we used with communism years ago: take away your civil liberties, but use some threat that’s, you know, been out there for a long time.

Terrorism has been there for—certainly before 9/11 we had terrorism problems, and I have a feeling it’s going to be around for quite some time after whatever we deem is a victory in what we’re doing now in the Middle East. But, you know, it’s just something that has to be addressed. We just can’t continue to see our civil liberties degraded. Ultimately, as Ben Franklin, I think, had said, you know, those who would give up their essential liberties for a little freedom deserve neither liberty or freedom, and I tend to agree with Ben Franklin.

AMY GOODMAN: And your colleagues at the N.S.A. right now, their feelings, the National Security Agency?

RUSSELL TICE: Boy, I think most folks at N.S.A. right now are just running scared. They have the security office hanging over their head, which has always been a bunch of vicious folks, and now they’ve got, you know, this potential witch hunt going on with the Attorney General. People in the intelligence community are afraid. They know that you can’t come forward. You have no protections as a whistleblower. These things need to be addressed.

AMY GOODMAN: What do you mean you have no protection?

RUSSELL TICE: No. No, I do not. As far as—of course, I’m not witting of anyone that was told they will spy on an American. So, ultimately, when this was going on, I have a feeling it was closely held at some of the upper echelon levels. And you’ve got to understand, I was a worker bee. I was a guy that wrote the reports and did the analysis work and—you know, the detail guy. At some point, your reports have to get sent up up the line and then, you know, the management takes action at some point or another, but at my level, no, I was not involved in this.

RUSSELL TICE: I sent it to the chairs of the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee, the SSCI and the HPSCI.

18. The CIA and the cult of intelligence (1974) Reviewed by JamesRMacLean on 2007-04-09. Incompetence leads to Monstrosity Marchetti’s expose of the CIA was published on the EVE OF THE CHURCH COMMISSION, at a moment when domestic outrage at the culture of duplicity and domestic interference had reached its peak. Since that time, successful public relations have greatly enhanced the image of intelligence services. Marchetti’s thesis is that, contrary to widespread public belief, the USA was not locked in an existential struggle with Soviet or Chinese subversion, and never really was. Soviet intelligence utterly surpassed the CIA in effectiveness, initiative, and recruitment of allied agents abroad. In fact, the CIA was effective only against 3rd world intelligence organizations, and there, spectacularly so. This extreme Soviet edge in espionage was more than offset by the superior resources of the conventional Western militaries and the impossibility of waging a direct confrontation owing to the nuclear stalemate. Worse, this advantage was not seriously mitigated by the abundance of high-tech gadgets, such as satellites; such tools merely facilitated the collection of large amounts of raw data, with virtually no practical usefulness.
Far from rendering the US intelligence community harmless, however, it made the agency focus on a campaign against 3rd world allies, and ultimately, against the US population. The CIA tried its hand at WAGING SECRET WARS in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa; it developed a vast group of businesses to serve as cover for illicit shipping and arms supplies; and it became utterly habituated to corrupting legislators in the Free World. The CIA became an eager tool for an unaccountable executive branch, provided that the executive had a flair for covert action; and it tended to create an echo chamber of self-deception that threatened the entire national security establishment. At the very top of its list of priorities was the urgent need to defend its mission publicly, and validate its immense budget. Marchetti spends a modest amount of time discussing the inability of the CIA to confront the Soviet KGB. When he mentions it, he avers the KGB and its allied bureaux are indeed odious, but also defensive–by necessity. He dwells in somewhat greater detail on the CIA’s structure and specialized fields of performance. He includes a broad-brush description of the overall US intelligence community, before turning to an analysis of the separate divisions and their respective behavior. This included covert operations (such as the Bay of Pigs invasion), proprietaries (such as Interarmco and Air America), propaganda and disinformation, and espionage/counterespionage. In all of these enterprises, the same motivation prevails: the CIA seeks self-perpetuation and influence WITHIN the Western world, but lacks will or ability to seriously combat the Soviets. Towards the end, he discusses the increasing tendency of the CIA to interfere in regular US politics, chiefly to ingratiate itself with the president.
Marchetti’s criticisms of the intelligence community were surprisingly mild. I should mention in passing that his book had about 170 or so passages deleted by court order; the CIA had earlier demanded well in excess of 300, and the court awarded it half of what it demanded. Some of the deletions are downright silly (as where it refers to a base in [DELETED] granted by Haile Selassie!), and elsewhere I was amused to observe the most numerous deletions in the part dealing with funding appropriations. The extreme secrecy of the intelligence community with respect to funding has greatly intensified since this book was published, and usually the motivation is quite obviously to conceal how much money these agencies actually waste. However, Marchetti concludes that the CIA is essentially past reform, useless, and so incompetent at its mission as to have become narrowly focused on extorting billions from the nation.

19. Former United States Government Physicist! 1981-Lt Col. US Army Retired, Pentagon analyst

20. In a slide Bearden illustrates how a Scalar War would involve a psychoenergetics attack on the operators of the enemy scalar installation, entraining their minds into hypnogogic trance and getting them to shut down their systems. And ultimately psychoenergetic warfare goes to the very heart of human identity itself. For if my thoughts might no longer be “mine,” then who and what am I? Can my very sense of being “me” be hijacked by some nefarious psychoenergetic scheme? One paper to begin with is “Mind Control and EM Wave Polarization Transductions” This is such serious stuff that Bearden includes a strong warning about misuse of this knowledge. Psychoenergetics weapons can MENTALLY MAIM AND PHYSICALLY KILL.

Last year, in October, the Congressman Dennis J. Kucinich introduced in the American Congress a bill, obliging the American president to get engaged in the negotiations aimed at the ban of space based weapons. In this bill the definition of a weapon system includes: any other unacknowledged or as yet undeveloped means inflicting death or injury on, or damaging or destroying, a person (or the biological life, bodily health, mental health, or physical and economic well-being of a person) through the use of land-based, sea-based, or space-based systems using radiation, electromagnetic, psychotronic, sonic, laser, or other energies directed at individual persons or targeted populations or the purpose of information war, mood management, or mind control of such persons or populations” (12). As in all legislative acts quoted in this article the bill counts with sound, light or electromagnetic stimulation of human brain. Psychotronic weapons remain, at least for a layman uninformed of secret military research, in the sphere of science fiction, since so far none of the published scientific experiments was presented in the way which would allow for its replication. That it is feasible to manipulate human behavior with the use of subliminal, either sound or visual, messages is now generally known. This is why in most of the countries the use of such technologies, without consent of the user, is banned. Devices using light for the stimulation of the brain show another way how the light flashing in certain frequencies could be used for the manipulation of human psychic life. As for the sound, a report on the device transmitting a beam of sound waves, which can hear only persons at whom the beam of sound waves is targeted, appeared last year in the world newspapers. The beam is formed by a combination of sound and ultrasound waves which causes that a person targeted by this beam hears the sound inside of his head. Such a perception could easily convince the human being that it is mentally ill. The acts presented in this article suggest that with the development of technology and knowledge of the functioning of human brain new ways of manipulation of human mind keep emerging. One of them seems to be the electromagnetic energy. Though in the open scientific literature only some 30 experiments were published, supporting this assumption (1),(2), already in 1974, in the USSR, after successful testing with military unit in Novosibirsk, the installation Radioson (Radiosleep) was registered with the Government Committee on the Matters of Inventions and Discoveries of the USSR, described as a method of induction of sleep by means of radio waves (3), (4), (5)…

22. DearSenator-Attorney Letter included:

We seek your office’s assistance in initiating hearings and a fact-finding congressional inquiry into the government agencies and/or private companies that are targeting citizens. Many citizens are desperate to be freed from the disturbing, intrusive and oppressive targeting.

Evidence supports the conclusion that weapons exist that could be used against individuals, based on U.S. Patent and Trademark Office filings, public releases by agencies, and other technologies that indicate the level of technological sophistication. The weapons are believed to be based on electromagnetism, microwaves, sonic waves, lasers and other types of directed energy, and were characterized as “psychotronic” in Rep. Dennis Kucinich’s draft of House Resolution 2977, the Space Preservation Act of 2001. Furthermore, it is undeniable that government agencies have tested citizens without permission in the past; for example, the CIA’s human experimentation discussed in Orlikow v. U.S., 682 F.Supp. 77 (D.D.C. 1988), secretly administered lysergic acid diethylamide discussed in United States v. Stanley, 483 U.S. 669 (1987), and military chemical experimentation as discussed in Congressional Committee Report 103-97, 103d Congress, 2d Session, S. Prt. 103-97 (Dec. 8, 1994). Lastly, the sheer numbers of people complaining of being targeted, including people with post-graduate degrees and a lifetime of achievements, and the similarities in symptoms tend to outweigh a dismissive response based on charges of anecdotal evidence or group paranoia.

there is a certain risk of sounding too conspiratorial, however, common denominators such as physical symptoms and medical reports, surveillance scenarios, harassment techniques, and more can be readily established.

ALLEGATIONS AND FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS RELATED TO ALL COUNTS

23. Plaintiff, in her Florida home, on or about January 2007, naive and without knowledge of corruptions, wars, military weapons, or MKULTRA projects, was comatosed for 72 hours in her room and recruited for experimental remote mind control ESPIONAGE, SEXUAL SLAVERY, AND BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION, (Operation MHCHAOS-brainwash). Plaintiff’s memory began to be wiped out daily and corrupted with new transmissions. Plaintiff ran away TERRORIZED after being transmitted to start “THE PROCESS”, over time using the public to trigger her anchors/transmissions. Plaintiff’s electronic communications began to be tampered with and impeded as she began to her research and attempts to report this corruption and abuse of powers under the programs. During Plaintiff’s travels around the world, Plaintiff was transmitted to keep daily copious notes of her torture for her feedback. Plaintiff was attacked daily in International Airways and for no reason by UNREALIZED, innocent, unwitting public of children, doctors, lawyers, animals, insects, until her recent visit at the local FBI to whistle blow these activities again. Plaintiff was held hostage in a food establishment in Nice when on her way to whistle blow the information to other embassies. Plaintiff had crimes committed against her to keep her homeless and hijacked her house contents numerous times to sabotage her life and impede her work and falsely detained upon each attempt to report this. After already having been to the local FBI offices with this surveillance information, in 1996, Plaintiff was told “they were already on it” Plaintiff was terminated from her job the next morning and chased down the turnpike to deter her until 2007. Plaintiff was transmitted to send a letter to FBI Director Mueller, demanding to cease and invert her family in May of 2008 and was informed that it was too late as they had already “gotten to him” and she would never be believed. Plaintiff, upon warnings and threats, and family attacks, and brainwash, to stop her, was informed of, and demonstrated a doomed life called “obstacles, mishaps, or bad luck” in their cult or “process”. One year later in February 2009, someone unknown sent Plaintiff an email of the Russell Tice article and Plaintiff IMMEDIATELY drove to DC in April 2009 to talk with DOJ Officials and their Attorneys. Plaintiff’s various computers and car batteries, zapped en route to DC, constant power outages and car damages. Plaintiff’s “communication chaos” using NSA transmissions to the unwitting public were used to sabotage her life, against her, and including her own Family isolating her into a remote cult of intelligence with physical events called brainwash. In January 2010 Plaintiff was told her surveillance/spying recordings could be sold overseas and that the FBI had joined forces with the Shadow Government to suppress her further and blaming the FBI. Plaintiff’s “process” resembled what she found on u-tube in the 911 brainwashing process to the public of Weapons of Mass Destruction (the opposite of most news reports). Media showing Halloween letters of “TERROR” across our screens on 9/11/01, to induce fear unwittingly, on the public, and remarks of disgust from foreigners on our media and culture were made. Plaintiff was to obey their commands as robots, and was jacketed (one against the other with people) and kept isolated during the 4 year “process” coupled with threats, family, accidents, psychological and physical harm, numerous illnesses, sabotage, bribes, and blackmail. Plaintiff was informed how and when she and America were mind controlled since her arrival in 1971 and was able to confirm these discoveries during the “process”. Plaintiff was, and is transmitted that they will stop if she does, and realizes today that was not true. Plaintiff will show and established pattern of these surveillance projects and corruptions subsequently and in relation to the Plaintiff’s claim.

Plaintiff called Lt. Col. Tom Beardon in 2007, and spoke to his wife as he was on a respirator, Kathleen Sullivan (Mind Controlled CIA child whistleblower) who was frantic about nursing her husband with CANCER. Plaintiff researched other retired government employees, victims, spies, using remote viewing and countless victims with the same complaints and tactics used. With surveillance technology, spying, and the already disclosed NSA Transmissions used for MKULTRA, projects are still operational and conducted by top secret, Q clearance on the public. Plaintiff hereby makes these serious accusations against the United States Secret Government for the past 40 years on U.S. Soil.

“When even one American -who has done nothing wrong- is forced by fear to shut his mind and close his mouth, then all Americans are in peril.” Harry S. Truman

In early 2008, after 25 years of being an accountant, and raised in the Mediterranean, Plaintiff purchased the Non FDA device from a NASA physicist at $21,000.00 with Scalar waves, (Russian Woodpecker frequencies), and Military Patents. Plaintiff became a certified practitioner to protect herself and attempt to de-program. Plaintiff was intercepted by this HAARP and NSA’s SIG-INT Satellites, thus became a certified hypnotist trained in NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming; CIA taught techniques, to deprogram. (Bandler and Grinder 1976) and (Project Paperclip; Dr. Strughold Space Medicine 1963)

24. In her travels, Plaintiff witnessed these transmissions used in Israel, Australia, England, and most European Countries, and was further impeded when attempting to whistle blow the nefarious uses and crimes of humanity by our CIA, to the embassies. Plaintiff will show documentsand/or connections to MAFIOSO, KGB, and AL Qaeda, within the CIA, as with DONALD RUMSFELD and his banking ties. World Banks-(1910) J.P. Morgan Chase, Black Budgets, and Nikola Tesla 1940). Plaintiff will reveal how scary the power of these people and these invisible weapons of technology are, and our utmost threat, involving every life. Plaintiff will reveal that media coverage or focus on Nuclear weapons and torture of Guantanamo are shifted by manipulation and dumbing us down. Plaintiff motions the court to compel, the safety of “WE THE PEOPLE” by dismantling these Weapon Stations and the CIA, born with the National Security’s Act in 1947, when our troubles began.

25. Plaintiff was informed that 911 Pilots were mind controlled in advance in San Diego and the U.S., and that 911 was created to lose our FREEDOMS with the 911 commission sabotaged. (Naomi Wolf (Yale Journalist)-10 Steps-Freedom to Fascism, 2007- also harassed by and on no fly zone list in her attempts)

Plaintiff flew to Atlanta in the height of the new steel door installation and high security climate,

wondering why she was invited to sit in a co-pilot’s chair on the runway, while waiting to take off from snow on the ground, unrealized but with no real fears or threats from Bin Laden (yet) until provoked.

“Death Ray” for planes was Tesla’s invention in 1940 and a $2,000,000,00 device to zap and melt an airplane motor 250 miles away and an Invisible Chinese Wall of defense was built around the Country, no matter how large an attack, (Teleforce, manifests FREE energy and creates rays; zapping beams, the new invisible war). Today, this Wardencliff Tower is in full action in Long Island NY, along with 36 other stations or sites as GWEN, Globally that beam massive volume of Free Energy. (The New York Times, Sunday September 22, 1940-Science and Patents, Education News) One energy zapping causes confusion, mistakes, trip, fall, body temp-freeze, heat, miscommunication, fatigue, focus/concentration, radio-sleep (Kucinich-US patented under MKDELTA), and stalling any engine.

On or about January 3, 2009, upon contacting the United Nation’s African Human Rights; provided her information of these weapons in use for mind control overseas and found Alison Des Forges, senior Africa adviser for Human Rights Watch was deceased in the Buffalo NY crash in February 2009. On or about May 2008, the same occurred after contacting Senator Ted Kennedy for assistance, he became unavailable with Cancer. Today FBI reports he had been threatened. When Plaintiff agreed to testify anonymously, at a NY senate hearing scheduled out for February 2009 with Senator Eric Adams, he was delayed with a “busy” nation in transition, until his second home caught fire and the hearing never occurred. Plaintiff interviewed many individuals complaining of hearing the tuning in of these satellites in small towns and CIA agents abandoned on the job in Italy and other Countries upon retirement, leaving them unaware and misinformed. Plaintiff had numerous impediments of busy delays from everyone she contacted daily to block her and has more disclosures and deaths not included in this complaint involving prominent and famous Hollywood victims over the years along with her own daily events.

26. Under the disguise of SURVEILLANCE, some aspects of the Programs of MKULTRA were publicly acknowledged by President Clinton with partial apologies on October 3, 1995 as past tense and not being done currently to down play their uses. The Pentagon has new buzz words SYNTHETIC TELEPATHY-Psychotronics. However, Plaintiff spoke with many other victims, and the latest FT Hood Mind Control soldier in November 2009 is not an isolated incident that is commonly known as “Building Manchurians” experimenting on many civilians today. Psychotronics also has a non-profit organization of former scientists and whistleblowers of same. (Lynn Surgella-Cancer; Central Nervous System diseases and Immune System-Ariel Sharon and comatose, Massive FDA drug corruptions and synthetic illnesses)

Twice recommended for a Nobel Prize Dr Robert Becker was the major researcher and writer on health dangers from electromagnetic fields, he died a few months ago, in summer 2008, but his works and warnings live on. “I have no doubt in my mind, that at the present time, the greatest polluting element in the Earth’s environment is the proliferation of electromagnetic fields. I consider that to be far greater on a global scale than warming and the increase in chemical elements in the environment.”

27. The President and other executive officials have described some activities of surveillance and spying

which are conducted outside the procedures of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (“FISA”) and

without authorization by the Foreign Intelligence Court, Communities, Committees, Senate, or Congress.

28. As with The Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence having since publicly admitting that the TSP was only one particular aspect of the surveillance activities authorized by the

“Programs”. On March 31, 2010 in the Islamic Foundation v Obama case, Judge Walker ruled the TSP as unlawful and violated FISA. These activities and other covert programs are being abused with a pattern of experiments and corruption on the public since the 1970’s using DOD weapons of technology. (Tesla Invention and energy) (Jewel v United States, United States v Yahoo)

On or about January 2007, Plaintiff witnessed people and companies pointing the finger at each other, and creating a doubt to sabotage lives and the LEGAL SYSTEM further with the use of “Communication Chaos” techniques. “What the courts should also know.” Today, Society’s Chief complaints are demanding AUDITING FEDERAL FUNDS, OVERSIGHT, and TRANSPANCY. Plaintiff has knowledge that it is the CORRUPTION and the bigger Agenda to change the Constitution that has been HIDING behind SSP and high profile cases and others, never coming to light. (OJ Simpson, Attorney selections, Sibel Edmonds) SSP has been preventing Remote Viewing Mind Control Transmissions and corruptions from coming to light, not Intelligence as a weapon and U. S. tactics.

Furthermore, testimonies made in 1977 to U.S. Courts and Congress by whistleblowers Cathy O’brien and Mark Phillips were blocked for reasons of National Security. This SSP RULING and disbelief had unwittingly allowed the crimes and evil corruption to continue in AMERICA with these TECHNOLOGY WEAPONS of the mind Too many years of death and torture include every one in this Country somehow. Today we are finally seeing the same has continued to bigger Government crimes and corruption with technology to take over humanity for mass control. Step #9 closer

to legalizing Fascism, eyes wide shut: (Access Denied, Trance-formation of America 2003). The Judicial System has not connected the dots yet, on prior crimes from these technology weapons that blighted the Courts 40 years ago to bring us to this point and a corrupted a Country and Culture. Plaintiff will show that smokescreens are created through propaganda to cover up what is going on in this Country from “We the People”, collectively, since “Big Brother Technology” that outsiders already noticed or realize. Plaintiff does not consent to the espionage information being transmitted against her will to her discoveries today and should not have been targeted with this experiment, torture and information.

29. In addition to eavesdropping on or reading specific communications, Defendants have intercepted the communications contents across the United States and overseas, and targeted the Plaintiff with intense continuous sabotage and impediments, Electronic Stalking, Slander, including Internet Communications, censored and continuously intercepted from blogging, blocked her searches for attorneys, blocked her web site from google others cannot view except her, with Google’s Access Portals and/or passwords. Plaintiff wrote to Google to let them know what was going on behind the scenes with remote viewing Americans INCLUDING most CORPORATIONS, password access, and covert data-mining for purposes, in SG3 dating back prior to 911 (EFF v Google Street-view). DOD’s ELF transmitters were already in full scale by 1981 in Australia and Africa, followed by additional superior covert Projects in the U.S. (Combat Zones under DARPA formerly ARPA).

30. With suspicious FBI allegations and $122 Million Virtual Case File Project gone wrong in 2001, prior Board Members and Government Officials’, the new Parent Company SAIC’s (C I A Spacestar) servers and the (“Occult Connections”). Chief of Staff Jack E Thomas Air Force Intelligence, 1997 ties with DOD, NSA, CIA, and former Executives, Directors, Secretaries, Army Generals, all had knowledge of REMOTE VIEWING experiments spy biz, SPAWAR at the Naval Electronics System Command in San Diego and Los Alamos National Labs for Medical Oversight to American Intelligence Agencies (1996). A surge of Federal Spending raised Multi-Billion dollar Defense concerns with SAIC and Titan (moon) (2004) in the mid 1990’s on technology projects that REQUIRE HUMAN EXPERIMENTING.

31. Joseph McMoneagle, eventually revealed as such, but for the purposes of the Army’s psychic intelligence unit, he was simply Remote Viewer No. 1.” In his Memoirs of a Psychic Spy is a look at the most remarkable exploits in a most astonishing career of military service. Remote Viewer 001 in Army’s Stargate Project reports this as still classified. The top secret intelligence gathering initiative launched at height of Cold War– David Morehouse 1998. This project was first used to retrieve intentions in a criminal or terrorist’s mind. (The Lucid View, Investigations in Occultism, 2004-MK ULTRA includes Project “VOICE of GOD” and Church Committee) This is used for unexplained phenomenon and to manipulate religion and/or to compel a crime, command or order. It is undeniable that government agencies have tested citizens without permission as The Manchurian Candidates in the United States. Cognitive Sciences Laboratories CIA research 24 years ago when Tom Beardon warned about these weapons and activities as serious dangers. These weapons in use by police have already started to kill and maim overtly.

32. As history repeats itself, duping the legal system condoning Government horrific corruptions and crimes in a free country, the core component of these Programs is Defendants’ nationwide network of sophisticated communications surveillance and spy devices being installed and attached today overtly and nefariously in front of the world. NSA transmissions and NASA Remote Viewing have been in place and are being connected to the key facilities of telecommunications with advanced technologies like that of HAARP stations and Satellites for many years prior and covertly. As Quantum Physics (sound and/or radio WAVES) and subliminal are being used for Spying predominantly on CIVILIAN POPULATION, as well as breaching contracts with other Countries and Embassies, HAARP is used for Earth and human manipulations. (Jerry Smith, Jim Keith; Politician and Dr. Nick Begich, Alaska; “HAARP; THE ULTIMATE CONSPIRACY” 1998) The “Method of Inducing Mental Emotional and Physical States in Human Beings” was patented for the CIA in Virginia in 1993. Each zapped transmission or hallucination is extremely harmful and polluting as it is costly. Plaintiff has knowledge why black budgets are not held to higher accountability, the public slowly sickened and killed selectively with social security funds, and the missing

$125 Billion on Iraqi Reconstruction fraud and the U.S. Army in February 2009.

33. These projects of CointelPro, Psyops experiments for drones, and Surveillance/spying have continued covertly to develop weapons that were first patented by Russia and China. Since the 1950’s, first revealed to the public were the Alien UFO Projects, and the subliminal cravings of coca cola, movies and pop corn. Shortly thereafter as technology advanced, mass control continued to this day nefariously against all Americans, called NSA transmissions today. This created and induced IMMORAL dysfunctional corrupt and synthetic unhealthy culture. Since 1974 under the Pentagon, DOD funded the ELF radio broadcasting in conjunction with hypnotic control and prior to that Doctors Bill Nelson and Tom Beardon had their own patents at NASA on Medicinal Energy and Biofeedback, already in use in other Countries with the same remote scalar waves and frequencies. (Apollo and Whistleblowers second craft 11, shadowing Apollo 13 and no witnesses returned after the Shuttle)

Furthermore, under DOD, Combat Zones That See, or CTS, project of the United StatesDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA-1957) whose goal was to “track everything that moves” in a city by linking up a massive network of surveillance cameras to a centralized computer system. (Russell Tice called Spy Apparatus.) Artificial intelligence software will then identify and track all movement throughout the city. In 1958, immediately after Sputnick, DARPA began to secure our space and airways with these Directed Energy Weapons. (Project AGILE-1966 Pentagon meeting).

In an undisclosed report dated March 9, 2005, eight more projects with strategic thrusts included Bio-Revolution, DIRECTED ENERGY, and Urban Operation of sensors on the existing Airborne Video Surveillance, all under the Iraq theory, also data mining all information from the Human. CTS is described by DARPA as intended for use in combat zones, to deter enemy attacks on American troops and to identify and track enemy combatants who launch attacks against American soldiers, under Martial Law for a Police State and to legalize Fascism. DARPA’s current Projects, XG, Robotic assured Military communication, CALO; Cognitive Impairment forced, speech, ADDHD, and Optical), and Silent Talk; A planned program attempting to identify EEG patterns for words and transmit these for covert communications. Telepathy were part of the tests the Plaintiff was sent for, including warming her blood without the Doctor’s consent and was checked for Immune Systems without cause (ELF disease),and her eyes physically taken over by an MRI, unexplained by Director (optic pattern, DNA, and more). This computer-mediated telepathy allows user-to-user communication through analysis of neural signals. The research aims to detect and analyze the word-specific neural signals, using EEG, which occur before speech is vocalized, and to see if the patterns are generalizable. As of 2009 the research is focused on military uses. Plaintiff, an unwitting guinea pig of these programs went for UN-Necessary tests. Plaintiff’s hair has not grown since 1996, with induced rapid loss, a skin condition from the blood unknown to the doctors. (Leukemia) In addition, since 1962, ARPA initiated the Office of Information Processing Technique and Behavior Sciences for Artificial Intelligence, Command and Control, known today as Behavior Modification or BRAINWASH for army combat purposes.

34. Plaintiff has knowledge that after this project was field-tested with experiments on Vietnam VETERANS disguised as Agent Orange. Plaintiff spoke with many suffering from ELF induced nervous central system attacks and complaints of mind control in the VA, all reporting the same as civilian victims. One of many victims is suing the Bar due to the VA computer systems uses with no counsel available.

35. Julianne McKinney, 1994 former Military Intelligence Officer and Director of these very PROJECTS is still battling with it today, demanding oversight and cease and desist for all Microwave Harassment. (“The Classic Mind Control Operation Revealed” June 2003, surveillance and ‘neurocybernetics’ systems, which DOD refers to as ‘psychotechnologies’. (Former Pentagon Reporter, Sharon Weinberger (misfits scientists, remote viewing; internal emails, 1996) Also known as HANDLERS.

36. John Herschel Glenn Jr., 1974-1999,former astronaut and U.S. politician who Introduced a Bill and Joint Resolutions (Page S645) Human Research Subject Protection Act, stated “In fact, our own Constitution says, ‘The right of the people to be secure in their persons . . . shall not be violated.’“, and compared it to the Nuremberg Code. His own experience and knowledge of unwitting civilians with Radiation experiments has already been proven that Directed Energy Weapons increased CANCER rates DRAMATICALLY in this COUNTRY thus far. Furthermore, patients have discovered leaving the Country for natural cures worked without further Chemotherapy. During Plaintiff’s brief volunteer work at the ACLU, Plaintiff learned that calls were made from patients complaining of being electrocuted while in Hospitals and transmitted innocent staff not to believe them. The reason knowledgeable professionals warn against this Technology as the terrorists within, and keeping their enemies close, unfortunately. Plaintiff met with FBI and Congress on two occasions and warned them of her discoveries, and the Gulf’s Red Tide in Florida before the spill as corruptions at the hands of our Shadow Government, and did same with Documentary “Un-Covered” as Marionettes. ELF Waves used in getting a war by Congress not reading full documents to invade Iraq. (Judicial Watch various lawsuits, FBI 2008 also spinning their wheels)

37. Plaintiff also has knowledge that the manipulations to the media and miscommunications for the use of quashing, fanning, suppressions, and propaganda including block exposing the government’s advertising and news corruptions are the reason for spying with these mind control technology weapons. Spying on media was revealed last year as NSA transmissions which includes “communication chaos” or not to care unwittingly and omit important news, unrealized. (Operation Mockingbird Media, also began in the 1950’s, and creating a synthetic culture). HAARP stations were set up reaching Woodpecker waves with Russia about the time space activities began 1970 when “Big Brother was watching” today known as “Big Brother gets a Brain”. Whereas Russia was in fact only deployed with these Weapons on the U.S. or on its own people. Paranoid, our Intelligence, DIA launched against its own people in 1983. Astronomical Defense budgets developed as black budgets, and SPYING nefariously went covert from media and public’s knowledge. (Jerry Smith, CARABAS Coherent All Radio Band Sensing, HAARP printed in Canada 1998) (Operation Mockingbird)

38. Plaintiff and Plaintiff’s family members are ordinary Americans who were initially picked up in the “Big Brother radar” unwittingly in 1971, whereas Plaintiff was informed others who have ties with Military, Minorities, Government employees and buildings, all being picked up in radar with data mining human information for world domination powers. “Dumbed Down and red tape bureaucratic culture induced unrealized”

39. Plaintiff is also suing Defendants for treason,crimes, violations, and threats attempted on her and her family, when disseminating the information and ARTICLE, and reporting it to the Authorities. Plaintiff has knowledge other Countries are being scapegoated and blamed for CIA crimes in disguise.

40. Plaintiff was and is being discredited, sabotaged, pre-empted since on or about Sept. 2008 and the Inauguration, with these Serious Accusations to whitewash history and each one of her accusations, brainwash the public, and keep Washington in their bubble, as being too late. (CIA techniques; Jacketing- against each other or one against the other, and changing minds, of Presidents-Dr. Walter Bowart, False Memory Syndrome Foundation 1992, Hallucinations, and Reagan-Alzheimer’s disease-like memory loss.

42. Plaintiff is suffering from the violations of her constitutional rights, and privacy acts, (US code 5, and 18) at the hands of, the direction of, or with the knowledge of, Defendants. Defendants in concert with other Intelligence agencies and/or service providers, and means are set forth in paragraphs below).

43. January 2003, the NSA designed and implemented a program “THE DRAGNET” in collaboration with AT&T to build a surveillance operation at AT&T’s Folsom Street Facility, inside a secret room known as the “SG3 Secure Room”. In February 2003, the “Splitter Cabinet” split diverting to and from Qwest, XO, PAIX, Allegiance, and many more Service Providers at the SG3 Location. (EFF v VERIZON)

44. As some “X or zero” files kept covertly in Silicon Valley and NSA and “Data Mining” with SIG-INT Satellites used as the scapegoat of illegal covert spying of 50 years, making it legal. Plaintiff received communication through Qwest and T-Mobile, and many other carriers that were tampered with, Plaintiff found her computer files wiped out for over one year (2007-2008 of all her Government research and email communications to the public, since she began attempts for help, and notified Qwest of the activities behind the scenes as they had found them undetectable. Plaintiff’s communications verbally and electronically, including facsimiles, muting one party in conversation to sabotage meaning, emails were intercepted and manipulated, as destroyed documents, videos, and photographs, preventing the reporting her story and the torture and abuse to non-conspiring authorities and individuals.

45. Defendant’s daily tortures are being done without judicial, statutory, or other lawful authorization, in violate on of statutory and constitutional limitations, and in excess of statutory and constitutional authority.

46. Defendants’ daily tortures are being done without probable cause or reasonable suspicion to believe that Plaintiff has committed or are about to commit any crime or engage in any terrorist activity, or is of foreign powers or agents thereof and these activities are crimes of humanity.

47. Defendants’ daily tortures are with intent and malice, are being done without any reason to believe that the information is relevant to an authorized criminal investigation or to an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities.

48. On information and belief, Defendants’ daily tortures against her will and religion is directly performed, and/or aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced or procured, by Defendants.

49. On information and belief, Defendants will continue to directly target the Plaintiff and the Public and/or will continue to aid, abet, counsel, command, induce or procure that conduct. (Mind Control and the American Government; “Prevailing Winds” 1994) Since Tesla’s Directed Energy Weapons were invented and launched or picked up by The Pentagon’s covert ops, The United States unlike the rest of the Globe, rapidly began down a culture of Cancer, CIA drugs, corruptions, crimes (another experiment in 1968 on crimes in major cities hidden behind LSD, as aliens) paranoia, immoral behaviors, AIDS, ANTHRAX, obesity, sicker Americans, division, Trash TV and education, paranormal phenomenon, and a greater necessity of guinea pigs for technology experimentation, followed by power, corruptions, terrorizing and harassing anyone they chose covertly on the streets without accountability and justice and without knowledge of a dictatorship or executive order.

50. Plaintiff seeks costs, legal fees, and damages applicable by law with protective measures for all COUNTS. Plaintiff was represented under a class suit, before transmissions sabotaged the attorney and his contact information has been disconnected and tampered with. On information and belief, the former attorney may have had brain surgery from Migraines while preparing the Complaint granted by and San Francisco University, after my visit, to Denver in July of 2008. Counsel may be abroad at this time.

ALLEGATIONS and VIOLATIONS

51. Pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Title 5, 22, 42, 142, 18, 18a, and 50, Plaintiff Mireille Torjman brings this action on behalf of herself, and to attest to her family and the public’s victimization, unwittingly and/or unrealized at the hands of, the direction of, or the knowledge of the Defendants:

(ad) Defendants have Tortured Plaintiff, her family and the public and the prohibitions against torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and the conspiracy to oppress, torture, rape, suppress, is a violation under 142 U.S.C.§ 1985.Conspiracy to interfere with United States Civil Rights.

(ae) Defendants have Tortured Plaintiff, her family and the public and the prohibitions against malicious intent to torture, rape privacy rights, brainwash, and enslave with severe psychological in-humane damages to one’s spirit, and libel is actionable under Tort Claims of damages found under civil and criminal trials.

(af) Plaintiff has made at least 2 requests to the FOIA and both dossiers were denied under the violation of 5 U.S.C. § 552; claims under and 18 U.S.C. § 2707 and 5 U.S.C. § 702

52. Adequacy: Plaintiff and family members are suffering great harm arising from Defendants’ violations of law, as alleged herein. Plaintiff intends to prosecute this action vigorously. Plaintiff hereby demands injunctive relief and damages.

COUNT I

Violation of 18 U.S.C. and 50 U.S.C. Crimes and Criminal Procedures AND War and National Defense Including Titles 5, 22, 42, 142, 18, 18a, and 50 U.S.C. and International Conventional

(Plaintiff vs. Defendants) and parties, inclusive of all affiliations

53. Plaintiff repeats nd incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

54. Plaintiff is seeking protection for her and for all family members under the law TITLE 18 U.S.C. § 3521. Witness relocation and protection.

COUNT II

Violation of First and Fourth Amendments, 42 U.S.C and 18 U.S.C. and 50 U.S.C. Crimes and Criminal Procedures AND War and National Defense Including Titles 22, 42, 142, 18, 18a, and 50 U.S.C. and International Conventional

(Plaintiff vs. Defendants) and parties, inclusive of all affiliations

55. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

56. Plaintiff motions the COURTS and Defendants to cease and desist and/or injunction for relief, immediately from grave dangerous damaging electronic harassments and that of a religious and personal nature, all other allegations of surveillance, spying, manipulations, torture, censorships, daily sabotage, and blocks electronically and otherwise, retaliations, death threats, thereby violating the constitution and privacy acts, (US code 22, 42, 142, 18, 18a, and 50) at the hands of, the direction of, or with the knowledge of, any and all government and affiliations. Plaintiff seeks declaratory relief against all allegations and all counts. Defendant’s actions described herein violated Plaintiff’s rights under the Free Exercise and Free Speech Clauses of the United States Constitution, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993, 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb et seq., the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552a, and Air Force Instruction 37-132; and all other freedoms and rights under the Law.

COUNT III

Violation of 18 U.S.C., 50 U.S.C. Crimes and Criminal Procedures AND War and National Defense Including Titles 5, 22, 42, 142, 18, 18a, and 50 U.S.C. and International Conventional

(Plaintiff vs. Defendants) and parties, inclusive of all affiliations

57. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

58. Plaintiff numerous attempts sabotaged, hereby requests to compel the court for Defendants to conduct proper and thorough investigations (not failing to include fundamental steps of interviews and psyops techniques on U.S. Soil) even when seemingly undetectable and/or prior to 2008, with all accusations and agencies with full cooperation, including Sports, Cloning, ENGINEERED Poverty-Bankruptcies with individuals with Cancer, also to sabotage economies, under the Law.

COUNT IV

Violation of First Amendment—Declaratory, Injunctive, and Other Equitable Relief

Violation of 18 U.S.C. and 50 U.S.C. Crimes and Criminal Procedures, War and National Defense Including Titles 22, 42, 142, 18, 18a, and 50 U.S.C. and International Conventional

(Plaintiff vs. Defendants) and parties, inclusive of all affiliations

59. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

60. Plaintiff has been sabotaged with coverage and expose to warn the public. Plaintiff moves to compel the court for Defendants to provide the Constituents “WE THE PEOPLE” with un-tampered accurate news, appropriate warnings with Main Stream Media to heed caution, be AWARE with knowledge, and choice of action or recourse, under the law of Constituents rights and United States Constitution.

61. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein; and all allegations under the law and aforementioned Amendments of the Constitution, as stated above.

62. Plaintiff is seeking protection for her and for all family members under the law.

66. At all relevant times, Defendants committed, knew of and/or acquiesced in all of the above-described acts, and failed to respect the Constitutional rights of the Plaintiff by obtaining judicial or other lawful authorization and by conforming their conduct to the requirements of the respective Amendments, under the Law of the United States Constitution.

67. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants have violated Plaintiffs’ reasonable expectations of privacy and denied Plaintiff her right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures as guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. By the acts alleged herein, as a victim of the Programs, Defendants violated Plaintiff’s rights of the Fourth Amendment to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures, as guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

68. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants’ conduct has caused harm to Plaintiff and her family.

70. On information and belief, the Count V and all other pertaining Counts Defendants are now engaging in and will continue to engage in the above-described violations of Plaintiffs’ constitutional rights, and are thereby irreparably harming Plaintiff. Plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law for the Count V and all other pertaining Counts to Defendants’ continuing unlawful conduct, and the Count V and all other pertaining Counts Defendants will continue to violate Plaintiffs’ legal rights unless enjoined and restrained by this Court.

71. Plaintiff seeks that this Court declare that Defendants have violated their rights and the rights of the public; enjoin the Count V Defendants, their agents, successors, and assigns, and all those in active concert and participation with them from violating the Plaintiffs’ rights under the Fourth Amendment and respective Amendments, to the United States Constitution; and award such other and further equitable relief as is proper.

COUNT VI

Violation of Fourth Amendment—Damages

(Plaintiff vs. Defendants) and parties, inclusive of all affiliations

72. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

73. Plaintiff have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their communications and/or records, mail, communications, Transmissions, intrusions, spying, by all means including electronics and waves as forementioned by Defendants.

74. Plaintiff have expectations of privacy to the atrocious intrusions and gross negligence.

76. Defendants, and/or the use of electronic communication services acted as the agent in performing, participating in, enabling, contributing to, negligently contributing to, facilitating, at the hands of, direction of, or knowledge of, or assisting in the commission of the above-described acts of interceptions, disclosure and/or use of Plaintiff mind and body, DNA and brain waves from Data Mining and remote transmissions, communications, contents of communications, and records pertaining to their transmissions, collected, and/or stored without judicial or other lawful authorization, probable cause, and/or individualized suspicion of Plaintiff’s records or other information.

77. At all relevant times, Defendants committed, knew of and/or acquiesced, enjoyed all of the above-described acts, and failed to respect the Fourth Amendment rights of Plaintiffs by obtaining judicial or other lawful authorization, and by conforming their conduct to the requirements of the requirements of the respective Amendments.

78. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants have violated Plaintiffs’ reasonable expectations of privacy and denied Plaintiffs their right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures as guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

79. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants’ conduct has caused harm to Plaintiff.

80. Defendants’ conduct is being done intentionally and with malice, with deliberate indifference, or with reckless disregard of, Plaintiffs’ constitutional rights.

81. Plaintiff seeks an award of her actual damages and punitive damages against the Counts III and V Defendants, and such other or further relief as is proper.

COUNT VII

Violation of First Amendment—Declaratory, Injunctive, and Other Equitable Relief

(Plaintiff vs. Defendants) and parties, inclusive of all affiliations

82. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

83. Plaintiff use of communications anonymously and to associate privately and securely with freedoms as their Constitution Rights.

84.Defendants have directly performed, or aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, procured, encouraged, promoted, instigated, advised, willfully caused, participated in, enabled, contributed to negligently contributed to, facilitated, directed, controlled, assisted in, or conspired in the commission of the above-described acts of acquisition, interception, disclosure, divulgence and/or use of Plaintiff and Plaintiff’s communications, contents of communications, and records pertaining to their communications transmitted, collected, DNA and brain waves from any Data Mining and remote transmissions, and/or stored, spying, torture, by Defendants without judicial or other lawful judicial or other lawful authorization, probable cause, and/or individualized suspicion, in violation of statutory and constitutional limitations, and in excess of statutory and constitutional authority.

85.Defendants, and/or the use of electronic communication services acted as the agent in performing, participating in, enabling, contributing to, negligently contributing to, facilitating, at the hands of, direction of, or knowledge of, or assisting in the commission of the above-described acts of acquisition interception, disclosure, divulgence, and/or use of Plaintiff and communications, mind and body, DNA and brain waves, Data Mining and remote transmissions, contents of communications, and records pertaining to their communications transmissions, collected, and/or stored without judicial or other lawful authorization, probable cause, and/or individualized suspicion of Plaintiff’s records or other information without judicial or other lawful authorization, probable cause, and/or individualized suspicion.

86. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants’ violated Plaintiff’s rights to speak and receive speech anonymously and associate privately under the First Amendment.

89. On information and belief, the Count VII Defendants are now engaging in and will continue to engage in the above-described violations of Plaintiff’s constitutional rights, and are thereby irreparably harming Plaintiff. Plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law for the Count VII Defendants’ continuing unlawful conduct, and the Count VII Defendants will continue to violate Plaintiff legal rights unless enjoined and restrained by this Court.

90. Plaintiffs seek that this Court declare that Defendants have violated their rights; enjoin the Count VII Defendants, their agents, successors, and assigns, and all those in active concert and participation with them from violating the Plaintiff rights under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution; and award such other and further equitable relief as is proper.

COUNT VIII

Violation of First Amendment—Damages

(Plaintiff vs. Defendants) and parties, inclusive of all affiliations

91. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

92. Plaintiff use of communication with privacy to speak or receive speech anonymously and to associate privately.

98. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

99. In relevant part, 50 U.S.C. § 1809 provides that:

(a) Prohibited activities—A person is guilty of an offense if he intentionally—(1) engages in electronic surveillance under color of law except as authorized by this chapter, chapter 119, 121, or 206 of Title 18 or any express statutory authorization that is an additional exclusive means for conducting electronic surveillance under section 1812 of this title; or (2) discloses or uses information obtained under color of law by electronic surveillance, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through electronic surveillance not authorized by this chapter, chapter 119, 121, or 206 of Title 18 or any express statutory authorization that is an additional exclusive means for conducting electronic surveillance under section 1812 of this title.

100. In relevant part 50 U.S.C. § 1801 provides that:

(f) “Electronic surveillance” means – (1) the acquisition by an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device of the contents of any wire or radio communication sent by or intended to be received by a particular, known United States person who is in the United States, if the contents are acquired by intentionally targeting that United States person, under circumstances in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy and a warrant would be required for law enforcement purposes; (2) the acquisition by an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device of the contents of any wire communication to or from a person in the United States, without the consent of any party thereto, if such acquisition occurs in the United States, but does not include the acquisition of those communications of computer trespassers that would be permissible under section 2511(2)(i) of Title 18; (3) the intentional acquisition by an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device of the contents of any radio communication, under circumstances in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy and a warrant would be required for law enforcement purposes, and if both the sender and all intended recipients are located within the United States; or (4) the installation or use of an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device in the United States for monitoring to acquire information, other than from a wire or radio communication, under circumstances in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy and a warrant would be required for law enforcement purposes.

101. 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(f) further provides in relevant part that “procedures in this chapter or chapter 121 and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance, as defined in section 101 [50 U.S.C. § 1801] of such Act, and the interception of domestic wire, oral, and electronic communications may be conducted.” (Emphasis added.)

102. 50 U.S.C. § 1812 further provides in relevant part that:

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the procedures of chapters 119, 121, and 206 of Title 18 and this chapter shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance and the interception of domestic wire, oral, or electronic communications may be conducted.

(b) Only an express statutory authorization for electronic surveillance or the interception of domestic wire, oral, or electronic communications, other than as an amendment to this chapter or chapters 119, 121, or 206 of Title 18 shall constitute an additional exclusive means for the purpose of subsection (a). (Emphasis added.)

103.Defendants intentionally acquired, or aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, procured, encouraged, promoted, instigated, advised, willfully caused, participated in, enabled, contributed to, negligently contributed to, facilitated, directed, controlled, assisted in, or conspired in the commission of such acquisition, by means of a surveillance and spying devices, the contents of one or more wire and wireless communications to or from Plaintiff or other information in which Plaintiff has a reasonable expectation of privacy, without the consent of any party thereto, and such acquisition occurred in the United States and overseas.

104.Defendants, and/or other electronic communication services acted as the agent in performing, participating in, enabling, contributing to, negligently contributing to, facilitating, at the hands of, direction of, or knowledge of, or assisting in the commission of the above-described acts of acquisition of Plaintiffs’ communications, interceptions, disclosure and/or use of Plaintiff mind and body, DNA and brain waves from Data Mining, remote transmissions, communications records, and contents of communications, pertaining to their transmissions, collected, and/or stored without judicial or other lawful authorization, probable cause, and individualized suspicion of Plaintiff’s records and information.

106. Additionally or in the alternative, by the acts alleged herein, Defendants acting in excess of their statutory authority and in violation of statutory limitations have intentionally disclosed or used information obtained under color of law by electronic surveillance, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through electronic surveillance and spying not authorized by statute, including information pertaining to Plaintiff, or aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, procured, encouraged, promoted, instigated, advised, willfully caused, participated in, enabled, contributed to, facilitated, directed, controlled, assisted in, or conspired in the commission of such acts.

107. Defendants did not notify Plaintiff of the above-described electronic surveillance, disclosure, and/or use, nor did Plaintiff consent to such.

108. Plaintiff have been and are aggrieved by Defendants’ electronic surveillance, and spying , disclosure, and/or use of their wire communications.

109. On information and belief, the Count IX Defendants are now engaging in and will continue to engage in the above-described acts resulting in the electronic surveillance, spying, disclosure, and/or use of Plaintiff wire communications, acting in excess of the Count IX Defendants’ statutory authority and in violation of statutory limitations, including 50 U.S.C. § 1809 and 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(f), and are thereby irreparably harming Plaintiff and Plaintiff’s family. Plaintiffs has no adequate remedy at law for the Count IX Defendants’ continuing unlawful conduct, and the Count IX Defendants will continue to violate Plaintiff legal rights unless enjoined and restrained by this Court.

Plaintiff seeks that this Court declare that Defendants have violated Plaintiff’s rights; enjoin the Count IX Defendants, their agents, successors, and assigns, and all those in active concert and participation with them from violating the Plaintiff’s statutory rights, including their rights under 50 U.S.C. §§ 1801 et seq.; and award such other and further equitable relief as is proper.

111. Plaintiff repeats and incorporates herein by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs of this complaint, as if set forth fully herein;

112. In relevant part, 50 U.S.C. § 1809 provides that:

(a) Prohibited activities—A person is guilty of an offense if he intentionally—(1) engages in electronic surveillance under color of law except as authorized by this chapter, chapter 119, 121, or 206 of Title 18 or any express statutory authorization that is an additional exclusive means for conducting electronic surveillance under section 1812 of this title; or (2) discloses or uses information obtained under color of law by electronic surveillance, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through electronic surveillance not authorized by this chapter, chapter 119, 121, or 206 of Title 18 or any express statutory authorization that is an additional exclusive means for conducting electronic surveillance under section 1812 of this title.

113. In relevant part 50 U.S.C. § 1801 provides that:

(f) “Electronic surveillance” means – (1) the acquisition by an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device of the contents of any wire or radio communication sent by or intended to be received by a particular, known United States person who is in the United States, if the contents are acquired by intentionally targeting that United States person, under circumstances in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy and a warrant would be required for law enforcement purposes; (2) the acquisition by an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device of the contents of any wire communication to or from a person in the United States, without the consent of any party thereto, if such acquisition occurs in the United States, but does not include the acquisition of those communications of computer trespassers that would be permissible under section 2511(2)(i) of Title 18; (3) the intentional acquisition by an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device of the contents of any radio communication, under circumstances in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy and a warrant would be required for law enforcement purposes, and if both the sender and all intended recipients are located within the United States; or (4) the installation or use of an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device in the United States for monitoring to acquire information, other than from a wire or radio communication, under circumstances in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy and a warrant would be required for law enforcement purposes.

114. 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(f) further provides in relevant part that “procedures in this chapter or chapter 121 and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance, as defined in section 101 [50 U.S.C. § 1801] of such Act, and the interception of domestic wire, oral, and electronic communications may be conducted.” (Emphasis added.)

115. 50 U.S.C. § 1812 further provides in relevant part that:

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the procedures of chapters 119, 121, and 206 of Title 18 and this chapter shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance and the interception of domestic wire, oral, or electronic communications may be conducted.

(b) Only an express statutory authorization for electronic surveillance or the interception of domestic wire, oral, or electronic communications, other than as an amendment to this chapter or chapters 119, 121, or 206 of Title 18 shall constitute an additional exclusive means for the purpose of subsection (a). (Emphasis added.)

116. Defendants intentionally acquired, or aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, procured, encouraged, promoted, instigated, advised, willfully caused, participated in, enabled, contributed to, (negligent), facilitated, directed, controlled, assisted in, or conspired in the commission of such acquisition, by means of a surveillance and spying devices, the contents of one or more wire and wireless communications to or from Plaintiff or other information in which Plaintiff has a reasonable expectation of privacy, without the consent of any party thereto, and such acquisition occurred in the United States.

117. Defendants, and/or other electronic communication services acted as the agent in performing, participating in, enabling, contributing to, negligently contributing to, facilitating, at the hands of, direction of, or knowledge of, or assisting in the commission of the above-described acts of acquisition of Plaintiffs’ communications, interceptions, disclosure and/or use of Plaintiff mind and body, DNA and brain waves from Data Mining and remote transmissions, communications, contents, and records pertaining to their transmissions, collected, and/or stored without judicial or other lawful authorization, probable cause, and/or individualized suspicion of Plaintiff’s records or other information.

119. Additionally or in the alternative, by the acts alleged herein, Defendants have intentionally disclosed

or used information obtained under color of law by electronic surveillance, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through electronic surveillance and spying not authorized by statute, including information pertaining to Plaintiffs, or aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, procured, encouraged, promoted, instigated, advised, willfully caused, participated in, enabled, contributed to, facilitated, directed, controlled, assisted in, or conspired in the commission of such acts.

121. Plaintiffs have been and are aggrieved by Defendants’ electronic surveillance, spying, disclosure, and/or use of their wire communications.

122. Pursuant to 50 U.S.C. § 1810, which provides a civil action for any person who has been subjected to an electronic surveillance and spying or about whom information obtained by electronic surveillance of such person has been disclosed or used in violation of 50 U.S.C. § 1809, Plaintiff seeks from the Count X Defendants for each Plaintiff their statutory damages or actual damages; punitive damages as appropriate; and such other and further relief as is proper.

(1) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter any person who – (a) intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any wire, oral, or electronic communication . . . (c) intentionally discloses, or endeavors to disclose, to any other person the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic communication in violation of this subsection . . . [or](d) intentionally uses, or endeavors to use, the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic communication in violation of this subsection . . . shall be punished as provided in subsection (4) or shall be subject to suit as provided in subsection (5).

125. 18 U.S.C. § 2511 further provides that:

(3)(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection, a person or entity providing an electronic communication service to the public shall not intentionally divulge the contents of any communication (other than one to such person or entity, or an agent thereof) while in transmission on that service to any person or entity other than an addressee or intended recipient of such communication or an agent of such addressee or intended recipient.

126. 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(f) further provides in relevant part that “procedures in this chapter or chapter 121 and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance, as defined in section 101 [50 U.S.C. § 1801] of such Act, and the interception of domestic wire, oral, and electronic communications may be conducted.” (Emphasis added.)

127. 50 U.S.C. § 1812 further provides in relevant part that:

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the procedures of chapters 119, 121, and 206 of Title 18 and this chapter shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance and the interception of domestic wire, oral, or electronic communications may be conducted.

(b) Only an express statutory authorization for electronic surveillance or the interception of domestic wire, oral, or electronic communications, other than as an amendment to this chapter or chapters 119, 121, or 206 of Title 18 shall constitute an additional exclusive means for the purpose of subsection (a). (Emphasis added.)

128. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants have intentionally and willfully intercepted, endeavored to intercept, or procured another person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, Plaintiff’s wire or electronic communications in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2511(1)(a); and/or

129. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants have intentionally and willfully disclosed, or endeavored to disclose, to another person the contents of Plaintiff wire or electronic communications, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of wire or electronic communications in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2511(1)(c); and/or

130. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants have intentionally and willfully used, or endeavored to use, the contents of Plaintiff wire or electronic communications, while knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of wire or electronic communications and spying in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2511(1)(d).

131. By the acts alleged herein, Defendants have intentionally and willfully caused, or aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, procured, encouraged, promoted, instigated, advised, participated in, contributed to, negligently contributed to, facilitated, directed, controlled, assisted in, or conspired to cause unwitting subjects, Plaintiff, and the public, divulgence of Plaintiff wire or electronic communications to Defendants while in transmission by various service providers, and there of tampering with, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(3)(4)(5).

133. Defendants, and/or other electronic communication services acted as the agent in performing, participating in, enabling, contributing to, negligently contributing to, facilitating, at the hands of, direction of, or knowledge of, or assisting in the commission of the above-described acts of interceptions, disclosure and/or use of Plaintiff’s mind and body, DNA and brain waves from Data Mining and remote transmissions, communications, contents of communications, and records pertaining to their transmissions, collected, and/or stored without judicial or other lawful authorization, probable cause, and/or individualized suspicion of Plaintiff’s records or other information.