NH2 is transferred from amino acid to keto acid to form new amino acid, (Enzymes: Transaminases and aminotransferases), Pyridoxal phosphate as co-enzyme to transfer -NH2 group, allows plants and microbes to synthesise all amino acids needed

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What is the primary source of NH2?

Glutamate

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What 3 keto acids react with glutamate? (The 3 for the exam)

Pyruvate, 3-phosphoglycerate and oxaloacetate

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What is pyruvates -R group and what happens when it reacts with glutamate?

-CH3, and it forms alanine

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What is 3-phosphoglycerates -R group and what happens when it reacts with glutamate?

-CH2OH, and it forms serine

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What is oxaloacetates -R group and what happens when it reacts with glutamate?

-CH2COOH, and forms aspartate

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What are the sources of keto acids for amino acid synthesis?

Intimidates from both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

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What happens when animals eat excess amino acids?

They cannot be stored so they must be degraded

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What are the 2 stages of degradation?

Deamination and oxidative deamination

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Deamination

-NH2 group from the amino acid being degraded is transferred to 2-oxo-glutarate to form glutamate

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Oxidative deamination

-NH2 group of glutamate is removed by glutamate dehydrogenase

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What happens to the keto acids during deamination?

They are fed into the central metabolic pathways (If glucogenic, they can be used as a substrate for glucose synthesis, if ketogenic they can be used to synthesise ketone bodies)

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the process of transamination

Back

NH2 is transferred from amino acid to keto acid to form new amino acid, (Enzymes: Transaminases and aminotransferases), Pyridoxal phosphate as co-enzyme to transfer -NH2 group, allows plants and microbes to synthesise all amino acids needed

Card 3

Front

What is the primary source of NH2?

Back

Card 4

Front

What 3 keto acids react with glutamate? (The 3 for the exam)

Back

Card 5

Front

What is pyruvates -R group and what happens when it reacts with glutamate?