This project assessed the adequacy, efficiency and equity of the level of spending on higher education in six Arab countries: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia. It also attempted to identify the factors that are likely to complicate the financing problem in the future, reviewed governments’ reform efforts and made recommendations to relax the financing constraints without compromising on equity. The country case studies were analyzed comparatively and the final outcome of all papers published in the ERF Policy Research Report series. In line with ERF’s policy of selectively expanding its publication repertoire in Arabic, the volume will be published in Arabic in the spring of 2011.