Mankind has been using cement to make concrete for hundreds of years to build strong and permanent structures. By following the steps in the article, you will be able to make cement in the backyard or in a survival situation.

First, there are some definitions:

Cement is pulverized limestone or oysters or seashells that has been heated to high heat to remove CO2.

Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, sand and gravel.

Mortar is a mixture of cement, water, lime and sand.

Steps

1

Find your cement source. You can use many different items to make cement, such as:

A soft rock named limestone.

Many easy to recognize and find items such as sea shells including oyster, sea stars, reef corals and mollusks, crab shells.

Bones of animals, fish, birds, etc.

Chalk.

2

Find large rocks to make a kiln with, and wood to make a fire with.

Make a strong fire.

3

Build a kiln. Stack rocks on top of each other around the fire with an opening on the front and top (make it look like a fireplace)

4

Fill a metal container such as a bucket with your shells or other cement items.

Be sure that the metal container is not your food container. You can't reuse this container for anything else. It will only serve as a trash bid after this process.

If you don't have any metal containers, place your items on a large flat rock.

5

Heat your shells or other cement items (see step 1) for 4-7 hours, or until they start to become brittle and start to crumble in to sand like dust. To help make your shells or other cement into a more consistent sand, stir it every 30 minutes by mixing the shells (just like cooking).

Important: If some of your shells or other raw materials do not break down to the size of sand or smaller, remove them before sealing the cement inside an airtight container.

You can reheat them in the next batch.

6

Wait for the cement to cool before using.

Hide the cement in a dry airtight bucket with a lid. Store at room temperature in a dry location.