蓝调之王B.B.KING

2006-07-09 14:37

Throughout the 1990's as well as the 1980's， 1970's， 1960's and 1950's， there has been only one King of the Blues - Riley B. King， affectionately known as B.B. King. Since B.B. started recording in the late 1940's， he has released over 50 albums many of them considered blues classics， like 1965's definitive live blues album “Live At The Regal”， and 1976's collaboration with Bobby “Blue” Bland， “Together For The First Time”。

Over the years， B.B. has had two number one R & B hits， 1951's “Three O'Clock Blues”， and 1952's “You Don't Know Me”， and four number two R & B hits， 1953's “Please Love Me”， and 1954's “You Upset Me Baby”， 1960's “Sweet Sixteen， Part I”， and 1966's “Don't Answer The Door， Part I”。 B.B.'s most popular crossover hit， 1970's “The Thrill Is Gone” went to #15 pop.

But B.B. King， as well as the entire blues genre， is not radio oriented. His classic songs such as “Payin' The Cost To Be The Boss”， “Caldonia”， “ How Blue Can You Get”， “Everyday I Have The Blues”， and “Why I Sing The Blues”， are concert （and fan） staples.

Riley B. King was born on September 16， 1925， on a cotton plantation in Itta Bene， Mississippi， just outside the Mississippi delta town of Indianola. He used to play on the corner of Church and Second Street for dimes and would sometimes play in as many as four towns on a Saturday night. With his guitar and $2.50， he hitchhiked north to Memphis， Tennessee， in 1947 to pursue his musical career. Memphis was the city where every important musician of the South gravitated and which supported a large， competitive musical community where virtually every black musical style was heard. B.B. stayed with his cousin Bukka White， one of the most renowned rural blues performers of his time， who schooled B.B. further in the art of the blues.

B.B.'s first big break came in 1948 when he performed on Sonny Boy Williamson's radio program on KWEM out of West Memphis. This led to steady performance engagements at the Sixteenth Avenue Grill in West Memphis and later to a ten minute spot on black staffed and managed radio station WDIA. “King's Spot”， sponsored by Pepticon， a health tonic， became so popular that it was increased in length and became the “Sepia Swing Club”。 Soon， B.B. needed a catchy radio name. What started out as Beale Street Blues Boy was shortened to Blues Boy King， and eventually B.B. King. Incidentally， King's middle initial “B” is just that， it is not an abbreviation.

In the mid-1950's while B.B. was performing at a dance in Twist， Arkansas， a few fans became unruly. Two men got into a fight and knocked over a kerosene stove， setting fire to the hall. B.B. raced outdoors to safety with everyone else， but then realized that he left his $30 guitar inside， so he rushed back inside to retrieve it， narrowly escaping death. When he later found out that the fight had been over a woman named Lucille， he decided to give the name to his guitar. Each one of B.B.'s guitars since that time have been called Lucille.

Soon after his number one hit， “Three O'Clock Blues”， B.B. began touring nationally， and he has never stopped， performing an average of 275 concerts a year. in 1956 B.B. and his band played an astonishing 342 one night stands. From the chitlin circuit with its small town cafes， ghetto theaters， country dance halls， and roadside joints to jazz clubs， rock palaces， symphony concert halls， college concerts， resort hotels and prestigious concert halls nationally and internationally， B.B. has become the most renowned blues musician of the past 40 years.

B.B.'s technique is nonetheless complex， featuring delicate filigrees of single string runs punctuated by loud chords， subtle vibratos， and “bent” notes. The technique of rock guitar playing is to a large degree derived from B.B.'s playing.

In the army， B.B. was introduced to the music of such guitarists as Charlie Christian and T-Bone Walker. “I heard an electric guitar that wasn't playing spiritual”， recalls B.B. “It was T-Bone Walker doing ”Stormy Monday“， and that was the prettiest sound I think I ever heard in my life. That's what really started me to play the blues”。

Over the years， B.B. has developed one of the world's most readily identified guitar styles. He borrowed from Lonnie Johnson， Blind Lemon Jefferson， T-Bone Walker and others， integrating his precise vocal like string bends and his left hand vibrato， both of which have become indispensable components of rock guitarist's vocabulary. His economy， his every note counts phrasing， has been a model for thousands of players including Eric Clapton， George Harrison and Jeff Beck.

B.B. has mixed traditional blues， jazz， swing， mainstream pop and jump into a unique sound. His singing is richly melodic， both vocally and in the “singing” that comes from his guitar. In B.B's words， “When I sing， I play in my mind； the minute I stop singing orally， I start to sing by playing Lucille”。

“I'm trying to get people to see that we are our brother's keeper， I still work on it. Red， white， black， brown， yellow， rich， poor， we all have the blues”。

“From my own experience， I would say to all people but maybe to young people especially black， white or whatever color， follow your own feelings and trust them； find out what you want to do and do it and then practice it every day of your life and keep becoming what you are despite any hardships and obstacles you meet”。

“I'm me，” B.B. told Time Magazine in 1969， “blues is what I do best. If Frank Sinatra can be the best in his field， Nat King Cole in his， Bach and Beethoven in theirs， why can't I be great， and known for it， in blues？”

Sidney A. Seidenberg， B.B.'s longtime manager， likens B.B. to Louis Armstrong and Frank Sinatra. “B.B.'s goals have always been to be like an American Ambassador of blues music to the world， like Louis Armstrong and Frank Sinatra are to the jazz world. B.B. is still the King of the Blues”。

In 1967， B.B. performed at the prestigious Montreux Jazz Festival， a portion of which was later aired over PBS TV. in 1968， B.B. played at the Newport Folk Festival and at Bill Graham's Fillmore West on bills with the hottest contemporary rock artists of the day who idolized King and helped cross him over to a young white audience.

In 1969， B.B. was chosen by the Rolling Stones to open 18 American concerts for them； Ike and Tina Turner also played on 18 shows. B.B. also made the first of his numerous appearances on Johnny Carson's “The Tonight Show”。 In 1970， B.B. premiered in Las Vegas at Caesar's Palace and at the Royal Box in the American Hotel in New York City as well as on the “Ed Sullivan Show”。

In the early 1970's， B.B. toured Ghana， Lagos， Chad and Liberia under the auspices of the United States State Department. Besides playing the major jazz festivals around the world.

In 1989， King toured Australia， New Zealand， Japan， France， West Germany， Holland and Ireland for three months as a special guest of U2. King is featured in “When Love Comes To Town” on U2's album “Rattle and Hum”。 Starting in 1992， King has headlined the Blues Music Festival of American amphitheaters with three support acts.

On February 23， 1990 PBS started televising “All Day & All Night： Memories From Beale Street Musicians”， which featured B.B. King and captured the lifestyles of musicians who performed on Beale Street （Memphis， TN） from the 1920's to the 1950's when being on Beale Street was like “living in paradise”。 King recalled on the half-hour special that Beale Street was “a place to learn， to make friends. It was a little world all of your own. There were always musicians who were willing to help you if you wanted to learn”。 And King and Rufus Thomas recalled Amateur Night at the Palace Theatre where “anyone who could carry a tune got a dollar for going on stage”。

In 1990， King and Ray Charles co-headlined the Philip Morris Superband five continent world tour. The final concert was recorded and “Live At The Apollo” became King's first big band album. In 1991， King headlined the Philip Morris Superband International Tour again with Diane Reeves featured. And in 1991 King participated in the all-star Guitar Legends concert in Seville， Spain， where practically every guitar hero performed.

In 1990 King Received the Songwriter's Hall of Fame Lifetime Achievement Award， and in 1991 the Orville H. Gibson Lifetime Achievement Award from Gibson Guitar Company. In 1989， King's imprint was added to the Amsterdam， Holland Walk of Fame and in 1991 to the Hollywood Walk of Fame （between Milton Berle and Vivian Leigh）。 In 1973， King received the B'nai Brith Humanitarian Award from the Music and Performance Lodge of New York.

In 1990， King received the prestigious Presidential Medal of the Arts in Washington， D.C. with President Bush presiding. In 1991， King received the National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment of the Arts. In 1995， King received the Kennedy Center Honors.

Over the years， B.B. has been bestowed eight Grammy Awards by his peers： Best Rhythm & Blues Vocal Performance， Male in 1970 for “The Thrill Is Gone”， Best Ethnic or Traditional recording in 1981 for “There Must Be A Better World Somewhere”， and Best Traditional Blues Recording in 1983 for “Blues 'N Jazz” and in 1985 for “My Guitar Sings The Blues” from “Six Silver Strings”。 In 1970， King's “Indianola Mississippi Seeds” won for Best Album Cover， an art director's award. In 1989 King received two more nominations： Best Contemporary Blues Recording “King Of The Blues 1989”， and Best Rock Performance by a duo or group with vocal for “When Love Comes To Town” with U2 from U2's “Rattle And Hum”。 In 1990 King received another Grammy for the album “Live At San Quentin” as Best Traditional Blues Recording. In 1991， King was bestowed Best Traditional Blues Recording for “Live At The Apollo” and in 1993 the same award for “Blues Summit”。 And in 1996， along with Eric Clapton， Jimmie Vaughn， Robert Cray， Bonnie Raitt， Bu

ddy Guy， Dr. John and Art Neville， King received the Best Rock Instrumental Performance for “SRV Shuffle” from A Tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughan.

B.B. King was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in 1984 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987， where Sting of the Police made the induction speech. B.B. was the recipient of the 1986 National Association For Campus Activities Hall of Fame Award. B.B. was Blues Act of the Year in 1985， 1987， and 1988 Performance Award Polls. He is a founding member of the John F. Kennedy Performing Arts Center. B.B. King received the Grammy “Lifetime Achievement Award” in December of 1987 at the first televised awards in May 1990. He won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Blues Foundation in 1997. B.B. Has received four honorary doctorates： Tougaloo （Mississippi） College （L.H.D.） in 1973； Yale University （D. Music） in 1977； Berklee College of Music （D. Music） in 1982； and Rhodes College of Memphis （D. Fine Arts） in 1990. In 1992 he received the National Award of Distinction from the University of Mississippi.

On May 3， 1991， “B.B. King's Blues Club” opened in Memphis， and also at the Universal City Walk in Los Angeles in 1994， and although King resides in Las Vegas， he plans to play at his clubs at least four times a year. A B.B. King Blues Club will open in New York's Times Square's E-Walk in early 2000.

In 1996， the CD ROM “On The Road With B.B. King： An Interactive Autobiography” was released to rave reviews including an “A-” in Entertainment Weekly. Also in 1996， B.B. King's autobiography “Blues All Around Me” （written with David Ritz） （Avon） was published and won second prize in the prestigious Eighth Annual Ralph J. Gleason Music Book Awards. The biography “The Arrival of B.B. King” by Charles Sawyer was published in 1980 by Doubleday.

In 1999， B.B. King released Let the Good Times Roll， his tribute to Louis Jordan. “Louis Jordan was a great musician，” says King， “and in my opinion， was way ahead of his time. As people get to know him， they will realize what a great contribution he left to the music of today.”

B.B. KING ADDENDUM OF AWARDS & APPEARANCES

DOWNBEAT MAGAZINE

1999 Readers Poll

Blues Album Of The Year （“Blues On They Bayou”）

Blues Artist Of The Year

Blues Group Of The Year

Blues Reissue Of The Year （“Greatest Hits”）

1999 Critics Poll

1. Blues Artist Of The Year

2. Blues Group Of The Year

SPECIAL APPEARANCES

1999 Christmas In Washington （White House Function） （TNT）

HONORARY DOCTORATES

1990 Rhodes College （Memphis） （D. Fine Arts）

1982 Berklee College of Music （Boston） （D. Music）

1977 Yale University （D. Music）

1973 Tougaloo College （Mississippi） （L.H.D）

GOLD RECORDS

1998 Best of B.B. King （released 1973）

1998 Deuces Wild （released 199）

HONORARIUMS

1995 Kennedy Center Honors

1991 National Award of Distinction - University of Mississippi

1991 National Heritage Fellowship - National Endowment of the Arts

1990 Presidential Medal of the Arts， presented by President George Bush Founding Member， John F. Kennedy Performing Arts Center Co-founder， Foundation for the Advancement of Inmate Recreation and Rehabilitation （F.A.I.R.R.）

W.C. HANDY AWARDS （Blues Foundation）

1999 Blues Entertainer of the Year - B.B. King

1999 Contemporary Blues Album of the Year - Blues on the Bayou

1991 Blues Band of the Year - The B.B. King Orchestra

1988 Keeping the Blues Alive （Radio） - The B.B. King Radio Hour

1987 Keeping the Blues Alive （Radio） - The B.B. King Blues Hour

1985 Hall of Fame Classics of Blues Recordings （Single Recording， Including Album Tracks）

1983 Hall of Fame Classics of Blues Recordings （Albums） - Live at the Regal “The Thrill Is Gone”

MTV VIDEO MUSIC AWARDS

1988/89 Best Video From a Film， “When Love Comes To Town” from Rattle & Hum， U2 With B.B. King

B.B. King has been nominated for 20 Grammy Awards through 1999. In 1970， King's Indianola Mississippi Seeds won a Grammy Award for Best Album Cover， an art director's award. 1969's “The Thrill Is Gone” was installed in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998.

HALLS OF FAME

1999 N.A.A.C.P. Image Awards Hall of Fame

1995 Performance Magazine touring Hall of Fame

1987 Rock & and Roll Hall of Fame

1980 Blues Foundation Hall of Fame

LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS

1998 MOBO Awards （London） Lifetime Achievement Award

1997 The Blues Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award

1991 The Orville H. Gibson Lifetime Achievement Award （Gibson Guitar）

1990 Songwriters' Hall of Fame， Lifetime Achievement Award

1987 Grammy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award

HUMANITARIAN AWARDS

1973 B'Nai Brith Humanitarian Award， Music and Performance Lodge of New York

WALKS OF FAME

1991 Hollywood Walk of Fame （Between Milton Berle and Vivian Leigh）

1989 Amsterdam （Holland） Walk of Fame

1989 Rock Walk

DOWNBEAT

1999 Blues Artist of the Year （International Critics Poll）

1999 Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1997 Blues Artist of the Year （International Critics Poll）

1996 Blues Artist of the Year （International Critics Guide）

1996 Blues/Soul/Rhythm and Blues Group （Readers Poll）

1995 Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1994 Blues Album of the Year （Blues Summit） （International Critics Poll）

1994 Blues Artist of the Year （International Critics Poll）

1994 Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1994 Blues/Soul/R & B Album of the Year （Blues Summit） （Readers Poll）

1994 Blues/Soul/R & B Musician of the Year （Readers Poll）

1994 Blues/Soul/R & B Group of the Year （Readers Poll）

1993 Blues Artist of the Year （International Critics Poll）

1993 Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1993 Blues/Soul/R & B Musician of the Year （Readers Poll）

1993 Blues/Soul/R & B Group （Readers Poll）

1992 Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1992 Blues Artist of the Year （International Critics Poll）

1991 Blues Artist of the Year （International Critics Poll）

1991 Blues/Soul/R & B Musician of the Year （Readers Poll）

1990 Blues/Soul/R & B Musician of the Year （Readers Poll）

1975 Best Rock/Pop/Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1974 Best Rock/Pop/Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1973 Best Rock/Pop/Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1972 Best Rock/Pop/Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1971 Best Rock/Pop/Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

1970 Best Rock/Pop/Blues Group （International Critics Poll）

EBONY

1975 Best Blues Album， To Know You Is To Love You

1975 Best Blues Instrumentalist

1975 Best Male Blues Singer

1974 Best Blues Album， Live at the Regal

1974 Best Blues Instrumentalist

1974 Best Male Blues Singer

1974 Blues Hall of Fame

ORVILLE M. GIBSON GUITAR AWARD

1997 Best Blues Guitarist - Male

1996 Best Blues Guitarist - Male

LIVING BLUES MAGAZINE READER'S AWARDS

1997 Most Outstanding Blues Singer

1996 Most Outstanding Blues Singer

1994 Most Outstanding Blues Singer

1993 Most Outstanding Blues Singer

LIVING BLUES MAGAZINE CRITIC'S POLL

1996 Most Outstanding Blues Singer （Tied with Little Milton）

1994 Blues Artist of the Year

1993 Best Cover Art Photo （B.B. King of the Blues）

GUITAR PLAYER MAGAZINE （RETIRED AFTER 5 WINS）

1974 Blues Guitarist of the Year

1973 Blues Guitarist of the Year

1972 Blues Guitarist of the Year

1971 Blues Guitarist of the Year

1970 Blues Guitarist of the Year

PERFORMANCE MAGAZINE READERS POLL

1988 Blues Act of the Year

1987 Blues Act of the Year

1985 Blues Act of the Year

MELODY MAKER

1973 Best Blues Artist of the Year （World Section）

BLUES UNLIMITED

1973 Best Blues Guitarist

JAZZ & POP

1968 Best Male Jazz Singer of the Year

TV APPEARANCES

Tonight Show with Jay Leno

The Late Show with David Letterman

Good Morning America

Sunday With Charles Kuralt

Live with Regis & Kathie Lee

Touched By An Angel

Motown Live

VH1 Legends

Austin City Limits

Today Show

Sanford & Son

The Cosby Show

Married With Children

Teech

Blossom

General Hospital

Baywatch Nights

New York Undercover

The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air

CNN's Pinnacle

FILM APPEARANCES

Shake， Rattle & Roll

When We Were Kings

Heart & Souls

The Bluesman

Run of Hearts

Spies Like Us

TV COMMERCIALS

Carpet One

McDonald's

Kentucky Fried Chicken

Northwest Airlines

Wendy's

M & M's

Greyhound

Texaco

RADIO COMMERCIALS

Budweiser

Sears

INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS

B.B. King Blues Master I

B.B. King Blues Master II

B.B. King Blues Master III

Country and Blues Harmonica for the Absolute Beginner''

AUTOBIOGRAPHY

1996 Blues All Around Me by B.B. King with David Ritz （Avon）

BIOGRAPHY

1980 The Arrival of B.B. King： the Authorized Biography by Charles Sawyer （Doubleday）

VIDEOGRAPHY

Pavarotti & Friends （1999）

A Tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughan （1997） B.B. King and Friends - A Night of Red Hot Blues