IRRIGATION

Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Irrigation represents an opportunity to develop agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas, which could lead to FDI (foreign direct investment), economic growth and job creation.

Note the different types of irrigation methods mentioned and their advantages/disadvantages.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IRRIGATION TYPES

While irrigation can present many opportunities for agriculture in hot, arid areas, irrigation must be carefully managed to avoid further environmental and socio-economic consequences.

Ways to make farming in arid areas sustainable

Create a poster for a rural area in Senegal that explains how to farm more sustainably. Your poster should explain these points using visuals to ensure a high rate of access in areas with low levels of literacy.

exam practice

Mineral Extraction in Hot, Arid Areas

Examine the opportunities and challenges posed for resource development (mineral extraction and any associated settlement and communications).

Mineral Extraction in Hot, Arid Areas

Examine the opportunities and challenges posed for resource development (mineral extraction and any associated settlement and communications).

Uranium supplies are found all over the world. Why would a mining company choose to base its operations in Niger? With a partner, list all of the reasons why Niger would be a good choice for uranium mining. Remember to fully develop your ideas.

HEALTH IMPACTS

EXTRA case study: olympic dam mine, australia

REVIEW

List the opportunities and challenges in two columns. Develop your points using "so". Add data, place names, examples.

CHALLENGES

OPPORTUNITIES

Mineral Extraction in Cold Areas

Human and physical opportunities and challenges for mineral extraction in cold environments, including inaccessibility, permafrost and resource nationalism

Mineral Extraction in Cold Areas

Human and physical opportunities and challenges for mineral extraction in cold environments, including inaccessibility, permafrost and resource nationalism

case study: mineral extraction in THE ARCTIC

CASE STUDY: RESOURCE NATIONALISM IN GREENLAND

Greenland is an ice-covered autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark. As its ice sheet melts due to global warming, vast mineral resources such as uranium and rare-earth metals are being uncovered.

In groups, summarise the social, economic, environmental and political (SEEP) opportunities and challenges for resource extraction in cold environments.

EXAM PRACTICE

“The opportunities for mineral extraction in cold environments far outweigh the challenges” Discuss this statement with reference to named examples. [10 marks]

Tourism in Extreme Environments

Examine the opportunities and challenges for tourism in extreme environments

Tourism in Extreme Environments

Examine the opportunities and challenges for tourism in extreme environments

Extreme environments have low population densities and are often remote and relatively inaccessible. Why might this make them good tourism destinations?

Hot, arid areas

Cold, high areas

Extreme environments have many primary tourist resources that are attractive to tourism e.g sunshine hours, views, local culture. However, carrying capacities in these fragile environments are low and can be quickly exceeded, leading to environmental damage. This poses challenges for developing sustainable tourism models for extreme environments.

Overview

Task

Create a presentation outlining a business opportunity for tourism in either a hot, arid area or a cold, high mountain area.

You should:

Explain why the extreme environment has potential and risks for tourism development, providing named examples

Examine the opportunities for tourism focusing on primary tourist resources

Explain the challenges associated with tourism in extreme environments, making links to carrying capacity

Outline methods of managing possible risks to the tourism industry

How have local communities in Nepal benefitted from tourism? What problems do they face?

TOURISM IN HOT, ARID AREAS

CASE STUDY: POTENTIAL FOR TOURISM IN SOUTH SUDAN

REVIEW

“The opportunites for tourism in extreme environments far outweigh the challenges”. Discuss this statement with reference to two different, named environments. [10 marks]