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These functions were part of the “old buffer protocol” API in Python 2.
In Python 3, this protocol doesn’t exist anymore but the functions are still
exposed to ease porting 2.x code. They act as a compatibility wrapper
around the new buffer protocol, but they don’t give
you control over the lifetime of the resources acquired when a buffer is
exported.

Returns a pointer to a read-only memory location usable as character-based
input. The obj argument must support the single-segment character buffer
interface. On success, returns 0, sets buffer to the memory location
and buffer_len to the buffer length. Returns -1 and sets a
TypeError on error.

Returns a pointer to a read-only memory location containing arbitrary data.
The obj argument must support the single-segment readable buffer
interface. On success, returns 0, sets buffer to the memory location
and buffer_len to the buffer length. Returns -1 and sets a
TypeError on error.

Returns a pointer to a writable memory location. The obj argument must
support the single-segment, character buffer interface. On success,
returns 0, sets buffer to the memory location and buffer_len to the
buffer length. Returns -1 and sets a TypeError on error.