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Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Sampling Method:

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Med/Surg ICU inpatients who have received endotracheal intubation lasting 48 hours or longer

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Adults 18+ years

Inpatient at University Health Network, in any of the medical-surgical intensive care units, regardless of disease type, comorbidities or previous medical history

Received endotracheal intubation lasting 48 hours or longer

Exclusion Criteria:

History of one or more of the following: neurological disorder, surgery to the head or neck, previous oropharyngeal dysphagia, tracheotomy in situ or dementia