9th November: Iqbal Day in Pakistan

Today is the
132nd birth anniversary of Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938), the poet-philosopher who
is ranked among the greatest literary and philosophical figures of the 20th century. Iqbal belongs to the illustrious line of poet-philosophers exemplified
by Rumi, Hafiz, Jami and Khayyam in the Islamic tradition, and Milton, and Goethe
in the European tradition. From all of these, however, he differs in one
important respect. As a Western-educated Indian Muslim he was equally conversant
with the philosophies of the East and the West. In the words of Hermann Hesse,
the great German writer, he “belongs to three domains of the spirit or
intellect, the sources of his tremendous work: the worlds of India, of Islam,
and of Western thought.” As an eloquent writer and speaker, who was of academic
distinction and equally at home with Urdu, Persian, Arabic and English, he was
well qualified

to interpret
the East to the West and vice versa. This is exemplified by one of his early
books of Persian poetry,

Payam-i
Mashriq (Message of the East: 1923), subtitled: In reply to the German
Philosopher, Goethe. Thus it is that although Iqbal addresses his message first
and foremost to the Muslims of the world, and particularly to his compatriots,
he speaks to all of mankind. His distinguished Hindu fellow- poet Rabindranath
Tagore said on hearing of Iqbal’s death: “India, whose place in the world is
too narrow, can ill afford to miss a poet whose poetry

had such
universal value.” Iqbal wrote his incomparably beautiful and moving poetry in
both Urdu and Persian, and much of it is known by heart by millions of people
in Pakistan, India, Iran and elsewhere. His philosophical writings in prose are
mostly in English, the foremost of which is entitled: The Reconstruction of
Religious Thought in Islam (1930), one of the truly outstanding books on the
subject ever published, Iqbal Academy UK wrote at its

website. There
can be no better introduction of Iqbal than his poetry. Some of the Persian
poems of Iqbal are the most sublime pieces of Persian poetry. In his mathnawi,
Pas chibayad kard ay aqwam e Sharq, he addresses himself to the Eastern nations
and it indicates that his keen eyes had an all-inclusive view of the entire
Muslim world. Iqbal greatly identified with the Iranian nation -- and one of
his famous poems is dedicated to the people of Iran which begins with the
following verse: