BackgroundDemyelination and failure of remyelination are core mechanisms in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis MS; the factors modulating these processes are still mostly unknown. MicroRNA 572 miR-572 is deregulated in MS and is suggested to targets neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM, a glycoprotein involved in CNS reparative mechanisms. The aim of this study is to analyze miR-572 in patients with different clinical phenotypes of MS.