’s pavementstructure only and include its initial construction and construction-related ... (Stripple 2001) also included items outside the pavementstructure (e.g., land clearing ... data or the defined scope of the paper. Total Energy Use. Nine of the papers

The “EcologicieL” developed by Colas SA to compare energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for various pavementstructures indicates that a WMA with 15 ... to about one litre of diesel fuel per square metre compared to the same pavementstructure built

6. Reducing air pollution and energy consumption rates By providing safe ... and energy consumption. TOD can also reduce rates of greenhouse gas emissions by 2.5 to 3.7 tons ... was recently estimated that housing costs for land and structures can be significantly

The environmental loadings of the alternative pavementstructures are compared in Table 12 and Figure 8. For comparison, Table 12 also shows the traffic emissions over a period of 50 years, assuming a traffic volume of 7, 000 vehicles per day, of which 1 ... / Fuel consumptionEnergy consumption Emissions -CO -NOx -particles -SO2 -CO2 -VOC -dust (2–40 µm ... Table 12. Comparison of environmental loadings of the alternative pavementstructures. For comparison also estimated traffic emissions over a period of 50 years