Key neuronal finding in brains of patints with parkinson's disease?

Causes of hemorrhagic stroke

#1 HTN (sudden elevation in BP)
-50% of all hemorrhagic strokes
-ruptures vessels within the brain parenchyma
-chronic HTN causing degeneration of small arteries leading to microaneursm which can rupture easily

Drugs and toxins causing dementia

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Both AD and parkinsons disease but progression may be more rapid than AD. Visual hallucinations predominate that include extrapyramidal features of functioning mental status
-treatment is similar to that for AD with neuroleptic selegiline can slow progression of dz.

Petit mal seizures are characterized by sudden _____ of mental activity. An episode is very short, but may occur _____ times per day. THere fore no associated signs of complex automatisms. This is confirmed by what type of test?

How might MS be diagnosed?

1. MRI - test of choice (most sensitive) and first diagnostic in the majority of cases abnormal in 90%.
2. CSF and LP analysis - although no labs are specific for MS (+) oligonal bands and IgG in 90%.
3. Evoked potentials suggest demyelination of ceratin areas by measuring the speed of nerve conduction within brain. Newly remyelinated nerves will conduct sensory impulses more slowly

What is binswangers disease?

How is SAH diagnosed?

1. CT scan noncontrast - identifies hemorrhagic strokes
2. Lumbar puncture if CT scan unremarkable or (-) with high suspician. LP is diagnostic; if (+) for blood, then hallmark for SAH. If xanthochromia (yellow) in CSF - also diagnostic
3. Cerebral angiogram once diagnosed to detect site of bleeding of the SAH