SAVING THE REPUBLIC

Why we need a convention of the states now

Michael Farris is the chancellor of Patrick Henry College and head of the Convention of States Project. An expert on the intersection between the U.S. Constitution and international law, Dr. Farris is also the co-founder, chairman and general counsel of Home School Legal Defense Association. One of the nation's leading advocates for homeschool education, he helped to author the proposed Parental Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution now before Congress.

Phyllis Schlafly was the general of the army in the battle against the Equal Rights Amendment. I was a line officer called into duty when, in 1978, Congress purported to change the deadline for the ratification of that amendment.

On behalf of three Washington state legislators, I filed the first legal challenge to the constitutionality of the misuse of the Article V process by Congress. My lawsuit was later consolidated with a similar case filed by state legislators from Arizona and Idaho.

Phyllis and I traveled together throughout Washington state to urge support for my lawsuit. She helped raise the funds that allowed us to battle both the federal government and the National Organization for Women.

We won that case at the federal district court level. The Supreme Court granted review but put the case on ice until the second deadline expired. When 38 states failed to ratify by the date of the “extended” deadline, the Supreme Court ruled the whole matter to be moot.

I tell this story to illustrate two points in response to Phyllis Schlafly’s latest argument against a convention of states. First, knowledgeable conservatives can legitimately disagree on this issue. Phyllis Schlafly and I have been friends for well over 30 years and have worked together on countless causes. She is a true blue conservative, and I am a true blue conservative. We both have substantial experience in Article V issues – she as a political leader and advocate and I as a constitutional litigator.

I am not the only true conservative to disagree with Phyllis on this. Talk-show host Mark Levin and Sen. Tom Coburn are among the many conservative leaders who, like me, have begun to call for a convention of the states to stop Washington, D.C., from abusing its power.

When longtime conservatives disagree, it is time to listen to the merits of their arguments rather than making snap judgments when one side proclaims that no conservative can disagree.

Recounting our work together on the ERA litigation leads to my second point. Phyllis argues, “Article V doesn’t give any power to the courts to correct what does or does not happen.” Phyllis knows better. She was present in the federal courtroom in Boise, Idaho, when I (along with other members of our litigation team) argued that Congress had misused its Article V power. We won in court. And Phyllis and I both celebrated that victory. The courts can and have stopped the abuse of the power granted by Article V.

But I disagree with Phyllis on an even more fundamental issue. She argues that the Constitution was illegally adopted as the result of a runaway convention. This argument is an old one, but the complete history shows it to be an unjustified slander against the Constitution itself.

The anti-federalists invented this calumny against the Constitution, and the public schools have repeated it for so many generations that most Americans accept it as true. I am baffled by any friend of the Constitution who argues that it was illegally adopted. Why should an illegal document be defended at all?

Proponents of the “illegal Constitution theory” like to point to the phrase that called the Convention “for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.” But the call for the Convention issued by Congress didn’t end with that phrase. The very same sentence also said that the purpose of the Convention was to “render the federal constitution adequate to the exigencies of Government & the preservation of the Union.” The call of the Convention used the terms “Articles of Confederation” and “federal constitution” interchangeably in the same sentence.

The Convention wasn’t limited to proposing one amendment or a thousand. It wasn’t required to send a series of amendments back for individual consideration. It was perfectly within the call of the Convention to put together a new package to “render the federal Constitution adequate” to save the nation. And that is what the participants did.

In order to negate the slander against the Constitution, it is incredibly important to understand the next two steps in the process of its adoption and to compare them with the requirements for amendments to the Articles of Confederation. Any change to the Articles required the approval of Congress and the ratification by all 13 state legislatures.

The Constitutional Convention proposed two important changes in this process. First, rather than having the Constitution approved by state legislatures, they recommended convening special ratification conventions in each state. Second, they recommended that the number of states required to approve the Constitution be changed from 13 to nine.

It is the change in the amendment process that receives the most attention from those who claim that the Constitution was illegally adopted.

But contrary to what you were taught in the public schools, that change in process did not happen without proper approval. Congress first approved the new process and sent this recommendation to the state legislatures. All 13 state legislatures approved the new process by calling for ratification conventions in their own states.

The requirements of the Articles of Confederation were meticulously followed. Congress and all 13 state legislatures approved the change in the ratification process. It is true that the Constitution was approved by this new process, but the change in process itself was first approved by use of the old rules under the Articles. To call the Convention a “runaway convention” is not just a myth – it is defamation against both the Constitution and the Founders.

I respectfully contend that it is time to stop demeaning the Founders and start using the tools they gave us to stop a true runaway government – the one that is functioning today in Washington, D.C.

At the Constitutional Convention, George Mason insisted that the states be given the power to propose amendments to the Constitution without needing approval from Congress. He argued that if the federal government abused its power – as he predicted it certainly would – it would never consent to any corrective action. Only the states could be trusted to rein in federal abuses of power.

Those who oppose the use of Article V have not proposed an equally effective solution to stop the abuse of power in Washington, D.C. Phyllis and I have labored side by side for decades, trying to elect conservatives and lobby Congress to follow the Constitution. While we have had successes here and there, it cannot be doubted that Washington, D.C.’s, abuse of power has grown dramatically – with no end in sight.

Which do we reasonably fear more? A runaway federal government on a path to destroy our liberty? Or a convention of the states given the clear and enforceable mandate to correct the abuses of power by the federal government?

Many knowledgeable conservative scholars have made the unimpeachable case that the checks and balances contained in Article V will prevent any mischief. For heaven’s sake, 38 states are required to ratify a new amendment. If we can’t get 13 states to stop something crazy, we are wasting our time trying to save the republic.

Day by day and year by year, Washington, D.C., is deliberately and persistently increasing its power. Washington, D.C., will never fix itself. The framers gave the states the power to amend the Constitution to limit the power of the federal government should it abuse the original document.

That abuse is more than apparent to any reasonable American. A convention of states under Article V is our only realistic hope of saving our liberty. I fear Washington, D.C., far more than I fear the Founders, the states and Article V.