This is the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC’s) annual report on
telecommunications service between the United States and international points. The data are for the year 2012. The data are compiled from reports submitted to the FCC by U.S. carriers pursuant to Section 43.61 of the Commission’s rules. Section 43.61(a) directs carriers to file reports by July 31 which summarize international telecommunications service provided during the preceding calendar year. Carriers submit corrections of the data by October 31. The specific filing requirements are set forth in the Manual for Filing Section 43.61 Data (June 1995) (Filing Manual). 1

Highlights

• The average per-minute rate for international calling charged by facilities-based U.S.
common carriers fell 9% from $0.053 per minute in 2011 to $0.049 per minute in 2012. From 2000 to 2012, the per-minute rate decreased 90%, from $0.47 per minute to $0.049 per minute.
• International “U.S.-billed” traffic – primarily traffic originating in the United States –
increased 5.7%, from 73.7 billion minutes in 2011 to 77.9 billion minutes in 2012.
• Calls to five countries account for 65.9% of outgoing international U.S.-billed minutes.
The five most heavily used routes in 2012 were U.S.-India (31.0%), U.S.-Mexico (17.4%), U.S.-Canada (11.8%), U.S.-Dominican Republic (3.0%), and U.S.-Colombia (2.7%)
• In 2012, 60 U.S. facilities-based and “facilities-resale” carriers (providers of facilities-
based services that lease their circuits rather than own them, see definitions on page 3) together reported that they billed $3.8 billion for international telephone service, and $423 million for international private line and other miscellaneous services, compared to $3.9 billion and $531 million, respectively, in 2011.
• U.S. carriers’ net settlement payments – the amount paid to foreign carriers to compensate
those carriers for completing calls less settlement amounts received from foreign carriers – increased 4.5%, from $2.2 billion in 2011 to $2.3 billion in 2012.
• Retained international revenues – revenues billed by U.S. carriers, less settlement amounts
owed to foreign carriers for U.S.-billed traffic, plus settlement amounts due to U.S. carriers for foreign-billed traffic – decreased 14.9%, from $2.3 billion in 2011 to $2.0 billion in 2012.
• Pure resale providers resell the services of underlying U.S. facilities-based and facilities-

1 In 2011, the Commission made changes to the Part 43 reporting requirements. Specifically, carriers are (1) no longer required to report traffic and revenue from off-shore U.S. points separately, and (2) no longer required to report traffic and circuits between the United States and off-shore U.S. points. See Reporting Requirements for U.S. Providers of International Telecommunications Services, Amendment of Part 43 of the Commission’s Rules, IB Docket No. 04-112, First Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 26 FCC Rcd 7274, 7295, ¶ 55 (2011). See also Manual for Filing Section 43.61 Data (June 1995) (Filing Manual) at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/intl.html.

1 resale carriers. The number of reporting pure resale carriers increased 9.8% from 1,230 in 2011 to 1,351 in 2012. Pure resale minutes increased from 74.5 billion in 2011 to 90.4 billion in 2012. Resale providers’ billed revenues decreased 7.1%, from $5.6 billion in 2011 to $5.2 billion in 2012.
• Interconnected VoIP services currently are not included in carriers’ FCC Part 43 data
submissions and are not reflected in this report. Their inclusion in future reports will result in an increase in reported traffic.

Table 1 summarizes the traffic and revenue data reported by all U.S. facilities-based and
facilities-resale carriers for 2012, but does not include pure resale service. Inclusion of pure resale would result in double-counting, since all minutes and revenue are reported by facilities-based and facilities-resale carriers.

minutes)
Private Line
463,090
$413
not applicable
$413
(number of
circuits)
International Other

Miscellaneous****
$10
$0
$10

Total

$4,218
$2,259
$1,960
* Traffic measures and revenues include information for all carriers, including those requesting confidential treatment for their individual data.

** Traffic measures for international message telephone include both U.S.-billed traffic and foreign-billed traffic that terminates in the United States, but excludes most traffic that transits the United States.

*** Net U.S. carrier retained revenues equal billed revenues less net settlement amounts with foreign carriers. The net settlement payments equal the amount paid to foreign carriers less amount received from them. SeeTable 3, below. Details may not match totals due to rounding.

**** In 2012, carriers reported frame relay/ATM, switched ethernet, TDM/TDMA, virtual private network, and virtual private line services as international other miscellaneous services. Aggregated totals for international other miscellaneous services can be found in Section C (International Miscellaneous Services, page 1) of this report.

2

Definitions

International services are provided either on a facilities-based, facilities-resale or pure resale
basis.

Facilities-based

traffic refers to services provided using international transmission facilities owned in whole or in part by the carrier providing the service. Facilities-based carriers use one or more international channels of communications to provide international telecommunications service. An international channel (or circuit) is a wire or radio link that facilitates electronic communications between a U.S. point and a point outside the United States. A facilities-based carrier is “a carrier that holds an ownership, indefeasible-right-of-user or leasehold interest in bare capacity in the U.S. end of an international facility, regardless of whether the underlying facility is a common carrier or non-common carrier submarine cable or a satellite system.” See 47 C.F.R. § 63.09(a).

Facilities-resale

traffic refers to services provided by a carrier utilizing international circuits
leased from other reporting international carriers. The determination as to whether international private line services are reported as facilities-based or facilities-resale generally is based on the first international link of a circuit. If the carrier has an ownership interest in that link, or leases it from an entity that does not report that link, then service provided over that circuit will be reported as facilities-based. Otherwise, the international private line service should be reported as facilities-resale.2

Carriers provide pure resale services by switching traffic to (and reselling the switched
services of) underlying U.S. carriers. The underlying carriers control the circuit that carries the traffic to the international point, arrange for termination of the traffic, and report the traffic on a country-by-country basis in their own Section 43.61 reports. Table 2 shows the different reporting requirements for different categories of services. Some carriers report traffic carried over circuits that they own and those that they lease from other carriers, as well as traffic that they handle on a pure resale basis, i.e., by reselling the switched services of underlying carriers. These carriers report detailed data for traffic that they carry over owned and resold circuits and summary data for switched traffic that they route to other U.S. carriers. Section D of this report has information on pure resale services. In 2012, 1,351 carriers reported that they provided international message telephone service on a pure resale basis. IMTS resale carriers with $5 million or more in revenues, reported that they billed customers $5.2 billion for 90.4 billion minutes. Twenty-two of these pure resale providers also reported international facilities-based and facilities-resale services.

2 Starting with the 1991 data filings, the Commission required carriers to file facilities-based traffic separately from pure resale traffic. Facilities-resale traffic was not separated from facilities-based traffic until 1995 when the Commission required carriers to provide separate switched service and private line data for facilities-based and facilities-resale services. At that time, a few carriers were offering international simple resale (ISR) services. which consisted of telephone services provided over resold private lines, i.e., on a facilities-resale basis. The Commission subsequently allowed carriers to provide ISR services using owned circuits as well as resold circuits. The Commission eliminated its ISR policy in the 2004 International Settlements Policy Reform Order. See International Settlements Policy Reform, International Settlement Rates, IB Docket No. 02-234, First Report and Order, 19 FCC Rcd 5709, 5723-25, ¶¶ 26-31 (2004) (2004 International Settlements Policy Reform Order). Beginning with the 1997 data filings, the Commission required carriers to separate switched services data by the settlement arrangements made with carriers in foreign countries for terminating that traffic. Carriers now classify switched service traffic as traditional settlement with proportionate return or as non-traditional settlement, including traffic hubbed through an intermediate foreign country (see definitions on page 5). See Annual Section 43.61(a) International Telecommunications Traffic Reports Due August 1, 2011, Public Notice, 26 FCC Rcd 8479 (2011). Carriers continue to report facilities-based and facilities-resale private line services separately.

3

Carriers must report switched traffic in three broad categories: U.S.-billed, foreign-billed,
and transiting.

U.S.-billed

traffic includes all traffic billed by U.S. carriers, and includes calls that originate in the United States, calls that are placed collect or “caller toll-free” to the United States, U.S. carrier “country-direct” and “country-beyond” calls, and U.S. carrier reorigination traffic.

Country-direct

and country-beyond services are U.S. carrier offerings that allow
customers in foreign locations to route calls through U.S. carrier facilities to reach the United States (country-direct) or any world point (country-beyond). Country-direct and country-beyond services rely on alternative billing arrangements, such as credit cards, and enable the customer at a foreign point to be served by a U.S. carrier rather than by a foreign carrier. Note that U.S. carriers or their affiliates may operate in many foreign countries as foreign carriers. They do not report section 43.61 traffic for calls that they carry from one foreign country to another unless they carry this traffic through a U.S. point.

Reorigination traffic

is traffic of a foreign carrier that transits a U.S. carrier’s facilities and
terminates with another carrier in a foreign point. The carrier terminating the traffic in the foreign point views the traffic as U.S. traffic. Reorigination allows the originating foreign carrier to take advantage of the U.S. carrier’s accounting rate agreement with the carrier in the terminating country. The U.S. carrier treats reorigination traffic like U.S.-billed traffic when it settles with the carrier in the country of termination, and it reports this traffic as U.S.-billed traffic for filing purposes.

In their public filings, carriers include country-direct, country-beyond and reorigination
traffic with other U.S.-billed traffic. In proprietary filings, carriers separate these services from other U.S.-billed traffic. Table A1 shows that carriers reported 78 billion minutes of U.S.-billed traffic in 2012, for which they billed $3.8 billion. Table A4 shows that 68.3 billion of these minutes and $3.1 billion of this revenue were for calls that originated in the United States or terminated collect or caller toll-free in the United States. Table A5 shows that 2.7 billion of these minutes and $0.2 billion of this revenue was for country-direct and country-beyond type services. Table A6 shows that 6.9 billion of these minutes and $0.4 billion of this revenue was for reorigination services billed to foreign carriers.

Foreign-billed

traffic is all traffic billed by a foreign or correspondent carrier and includes
most calls that originate at foreign points as well as collect and caller toll free calls placed by U.S. customers to foreign points. Foreign-billed calls do not necessarily originate in the country for which the traffic is reported. In some cases, foreign carriers reoriginate traffic for other foreign carriers. U.S. carriers may not know which calls are reoriginated.

Transiting

traffic is traffic of a foreign carrier that transits a U.S. carrier’s facilities and
terminates with another carrier in a foreign point, but unlike reorigination traffic, this transiting traffic is settled based on the settlement rate between the actual countries of origination and destination. Transiting traffic is billed by the originating foreign carrier, and settlement payments are reported by U.S. carriers for the country in which the service is billed. Where there are so-called “cascade billing arrangements,” U.S. carriers report both settlement receipts and settlement payments for transiting calls. In a cascade billing arrangement, the U.S. carrier collects from the originating foreign carrier both a transit fee and the settlement amount that the originating foreign

4 carrier will owe to the terminating foreign carrier. The U.S. carrier then makes the settlement payment to the terminating foreign carrier.

As explained above, carriers break down totals for international switched telephone,
telegraph, telex and miscellaneous services into subtotals for different financial termination arrangements.

Traditional Settlement Arrangements

consist of traffic settled pursuant to the Commission’s International Settlements Policy (ISP), which is no longer in effect.3 The settlement is based on the accounting rate, which is part of a compensation agreement negotiated between a U.S. carrier and its foreign correspondent on a particular international route. The ISP required nondiscriminatory accounting rates among U.S. carriers on a given route and required that the U.S. carrier and its foreign correspondent share the accounting rate on a 50/50 basis. The ISP also required that the U.S. carrier agree to accept no more than its proportionate share of return traffic from the foreign carrier. The ISP applied to agreements involving foreign carriers with market power on routes where the termination rates are above benchmark. Table A2 shows that U.S. carriers reported 0.4 billion minutes of U.S.-billed traditional settlement traffic in 2012, for which they billed $0.06 billion.

Non-Traditional Settlement Arrangements

consist of all traffic other than traditionally
settled traffic. Table A3 shows that U.S. carriers reported 77.5 billion U.S.-billed non-traditional minutes of traffic in 2012, for which they billed $3.7 billion. U.S. carriers also reported receiving 20.7 billion foreign-billed non-traditional minutes of traffic in 2012. These tables may understate the total amount of traffic settled under non-traditional arrangements because it appears that carriers continued to report a small amount of non-traditional settlement traffic as traditional settlement traffic for 2012.

Reporting Requirements

Different levels of reporting are used for different categories of service. Table 2 shows that
carriers must report traffic and revenues on a country-by-country basis for the most commonly used communications services.

Message Telegraph Service
Region and world totals
Messages* and words
Teleprinter Exchange (Telex) Service
Region and world totals
Messages* and minutes
Occasional Use Television
Region and world totals
Hours
Packet Switching
Region and world totals
Kilo Segments
Switched Video
Region and world totals
Sessions and minutes

Facilities-Based and Facilities-Resale

Services

Private Line Services
Country-by-country
Circuits at year-end,

64-kilobit equivalent circuits at year-end, revenues for the entire year

Pure Resale Services

(resale of
World totals
Minutes
underlying carrier switched services)

See notes to Table 2 below.

6

Table 2. International Telecommunications Reporting Requirements -

Continued

Notes:

*
Carriers are not required to file message counts for transiting traffic.

**
Many carriers have requested proprietary treatment for country-by-country transiting minutes. Both U.S. and foreign carriers compete for transiting traffic. The minutes data would allow competitors to estimate contract revenues per minute. The published tables therefore contain region and world totals for transiting minutes.

For private line services, carriers report the number of actual circuits leased to customers
at year-end. Beginning with their 1995 international traffic data, carriers also report these circuits in terms of voice-equivalent circuits. For lower bandwidths, this means reporting the number of 64kilobit-per-second channels that would equal the actual circuits. An 18megahertz video channel, however, would be reported as 240 voice-equivalent channels; a 24megahertz video channel would be reported as 288 voice-equivalent channels; and a 36megahertz video channel would be reported as 630 voice-equivalent channels. This is the same conversion factor used by carriers in preparing circuit data reports filed pursuant to Section 43.82 of the Commission’s rules.4 Voice-equivalent circuits are denoted “64 K” in the attached tables.

Facilities-based U.S. and foreign carriers jointly provide most international services.
This is not always apparent to the customer, but is reflected in some of the traffic and revenue data that are filed. For switched services, one carrier collects from customers and then compensates its foreign partners through the settlement process. In the case of traditional settlement traffic, compensation is based on minutes of calling and on accounting rates specified in settlement agreements. The number of minutes used for settlement purposes is generally based on the number of conversation minutes. In many cases, accumulated seconds are used to determine the minutes used in settlements. In the case of Mexico, billed minutes are used to determine settlements. Carriers providing non-traditional traffic may have settlement-like arrangements under which U.S. carriers and their foreign correspondents compensate each other for traffic that originates or terminates at foreign points. Starting in 1991, for facilities-based and facilities-resale services, the Commission directed carriers to report the minutes used for settlement purposes.5 Pure resale carriers file billed minutes, since they do not participate in the settlement process and may not have access to settlement minutes data.

5 Prior to 1991, carriers were directed to report billed minutes, rather than settlement minutes. Billed minutes tend to be greater than settlement minutes because some carriers bill in 30-second increments.

7
Country-beyond calls have two international legs. Our rules direct carriers to report both
the originating and terminating legs of such calls. Consequently, approximately two minutes will be reported for each conversation minute. Each leg of the call may have settlement payments and these payments should be reported for the appropriate country. Carriers are instructed to report all billed revenues by the country in which the call originates. Country-direct and country-beyond traffic are treated confidentially and are not identified separately from a carrier’s publicly filed data.

For U.S.-billed switched services, the tables show the amount that the customers are
billed for service, the corresponding settlement amount that the carrier owes to its foreign partner, and the amount of revenues that it retains. Carriers are instructed to report the actual amount of revenues that they bill for service, net of discounts. Many carriers offer discount plans that entitle customers to discounts based on the customer’s total bill. Some carriers do not recalculate discounted bill amounts on a call-by-call basis. These carriers collect country-by-country revenue totals based on non-discounted rates and must estimate the amount of discounts for each country.

For foreign-billed traffic, the tables show the settlement amounts owed to U.S. carriers by
foreign carriers. The tables refer to these amounts as “Receipts from Foreign Carriers.” In the case of transiting traffic, the U.S. carrier often receives a transit fee for itself, and a settlement amount which is owed to the terminating carrier. Thus, the tables show receipts, payouts and a net amount for transiting traffic. Table 3 shows the revenue relationships between U.S. carriers and foreign carriers.

Table 3. International Telecommunications Revenue Relationships

U.S.-Billed Traffic

Billed revenues

- Settlements owed to foreign carriers

= U.S. carrier retained revenues
Foreign-Billed Traffic

Settlements due from foreign carriers

= U.S. carrier retained revenues
Transiting Traffic

Transit fee and settlements due from foreign
carriers

- Settlements owed to foreign carriers

= U.S. carrier retained revenues
Total

Retained revenues for U.S.-billed

+ Retained revenues from foreign-billed

+ Retained revenues from transiting

= Total U.S. carrier retained revenues

U.S. carriers report the number of private line circuits actually leased at year-end.
Financial arrangements for private line services are different than those for public switched services. Unlike message telephone service, where the rate charged to consumers covers the whole cost of the call, the U.S. carrier’s private line rate traditionally has covered only the half-circuit to the theoretical mid-point. In some cases, each carrier bills for its half of the service; in

8 other cases, one carrier acts as the collection agent. The FCC Filing Manual states that U.S. carriers must report the amount of private line revenues that they record for their half of the service, regardless of who actually collects the revenues.6 The FCC Filing Manual also states that U.S. carriers should not report revenues that they collect on behalf of foreign carriers or amounts that they bill for services that they provide in foreign countries. In instances in which a U.S. carrier provides both halves of the circuit, the U.S. carrier should only submit information for the U.S. half portion of the circuit. The portion of the circuit or channel from the theoretical mid-point to the foreign destination is deemed to be foreign telecommunications and not to be reported by the U.S. carrier.

International points are grouped into ten regions for reporting purposes. The regions
include all countries of the world as well as three maritime classifications – the Atlantic, Pacific, and other oceans. In some cases, international points have been grouped outside the geographic region for reporting purposes. For example, the Azores and Madeira Islands are included with Portugal. Any data reported to these points are included with Portugal traffic and are summarized with Western Europe traffic in the tables.7

In 2011, the Commission revised its reporting requirements to eliminate the separate
reporting of data for each U.S. point served, traffic and circuits between domestic and off-shore U.S. points, and traffic and circuits between off-shore U.S. points.8 These changes went into effect on July 19, 20l1.9

In 2013, the Commission adopted significant changes to the international reporting
requirements that streamline and modernize the traffic and revenue reports.10 These changes include the reporting of traffic and revenue data through a set of standard schedules rather than billing codes and the adoption of a $5 million revenue threshold for the reporting of annual traffic and revenue data for international resale services and international miscellaneous services.11 The Commission decided to eliminate, among other things, the reporting of the number of messages and the reporting of traffic by settlement arrangement.12 In addition, the Commission also determined that providers of certain Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services will be required to report their traffic and revenue data for international calling

8 See Reporting Requirements for U.S. Providers of International Telecommunications Services, Amendment of Part 43 of the Commission’s Rules, IB Docket No. 04-112, First Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 26 FCC Rcd 7274, 7293-95, ¶¶ 51-55 (2011).

9 See 76 Fed. Reg. 42567 (2011).

10 See Reporting Requirements for U.S. Providers of International Telecommunications Services, Amendment of Part 43 of the Commission’s Rules, IB Docket No. 04-112, Second Report and Order, 28 FCC Rcd 575, 583-601, ¶¶ 27-88 (2013).

11 Id. at 584, 591-94, ¶¶ 28-32, 60-62, 70-72.

12 Id., at 584-85, ¶¶ 30-34.

9 services.13 Except for the $5 million revenue threshold for the reporting of annual traffic and revenue data for international resale services and international miscellaneous services, these revised reporting requirements have not gone into effect yet,14 and were not in effect for the 2012 data discussed in this report.15 At this time, it is uncertain when the additional revised reporting requirements will take effect.16

Presentation of Data

Table 4 lists the carriers whose data are presented in the attached tables. Table 5
summarizes the billed revenue data contained in the tables, Table 6 summarizes the net revenue data contained in the tables (billed revenues net of settlement payments), and Table 7 summarizes selected data for the top five and all other carriers.

This report encompasses Section 43.61 data for all reporting carriers and for all U.S. points.
Data have been consolidated where a holding company owns more than one carrier. For example, the data Level 3 Communications, LLC submitted separately for its subsidiaries, Global Crossing Americas Solutions, Inc. and Global Crossing Telecommunications, Inc. & Global Crossing Bandwidth, Inc. have been consolidated with data for Level 3 Communications, LLC. This report organizes the country-by-country data by region of the world. The foreign points are listed alphabetically in each region.

U.S. carriers are required to file message and minute counts for switched services that
originate or terminate at a U.S. point. They are required to report only minutes for traffic that transits U.S. points, though, because U.S. carriers sometimes have difficulty obtaining message counts for traffic billed by foreign telephone companies. As noted in Table 2, transiting minutes are not published on a country-by-country basis. Region totals are provided for those regions where transiting traffic is carried from more than one country.

Carriers file detailed traffic data using a record format contained in the filing manual. For
switched services, each record contains a billing type code that signifies the traffic exchange method (e.g., traditional settlement vs. non-traditional settlement) and whether the call was U.S.-billed, foreign-billed, or transiting. For U.S.-billed calls, the billing type code indicates whether the data represents (a) U.S.-originated traffic and U.S.-terminated collect and subscriber toll free traffic; (b) country-direct and country-beyond traffic; or (c) U.S. carrier reorigination traffic. For international private line services, the billing type code signifies whether the data contain facilities-based or facilities-resale circuits. The billing codes used for filing year 2012 data are contained in the International Bureau’s Public Notice DA 13-1436, Annual Section 43.61(a) International Telecommunications Traffic Reports Due on July 31, 2013, released June 25, 2013.

The table titles (for Tables A through C) use billing types to indicate the type of data
aggregated in a particular table. There are two groups of billing type codes for switched services. Billing types 1 through 6 are used for traditional settlement arrangements. Billing types 11 through 16 (though, as described below, there is not a billing type 13) are used for non-traditional settlement arrangements. Billing type 35 data are not aggregated in the tables. The billing types do not distinguish between a switched service provided over carriers owned facilities or a service provided using leased circuits.

The specific billing types allow the following breakdowns.

Billing

Type(s)

1, 11
U.S.-billed calls that originate in, or terminate collect or subscriber toll-free in, the United States

2, 12
foreign-billed calls

3

traditional transiting calls (there is no billing type 13 because all traditional transiting calls are exchanged under traditional settlement arrangements)

$0
$0
$0
$315,647
World Total
13,494,509,794
77,467,997,735
$3,734,687,216
$2,752,504,909
$982,182,307
4,675,289,055
20,699,554,889
$461,416,832
0
$0
$0
$0
$1,443,599,139
* The requirement to include traffic between U.S. points which were previously classified as international was eliminated. See Reporting Requirements for U.S. Providers of International Telecommunications Services; Amendment of Part 43 of the Commission's Rules
IB Docket No. 04-112, First Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, FCC 11-76, 26 FCC Rcd 7274, 7284, 7293-95, paras. 24-25, 51-55 (2011).
- Switched Services Page 18 -2012 Annual Section 43.61 International Traffic Data for All U.S. Points: All Settlement Arrangements

$0
$0
$0
$0
World Total
535,601,778
2,726,210,641
$226,739,166
$95,603,823
$131,135,343
0
0
$0
0
$0
$0
$0
$131,135,343
* The requirement to include traffic between U.S. points which were previously classified as international was eliminated. See Reporting Requirements for U.S. Providers of International Telecommunications Services; Amendment of Part 43 of the Commission's Rules,
IB Docket No. 04-112, First Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, FCC 11-76, 26 FCC Rcd 7274, 7284, 7293-95, paras. 24-25, 51-55 (2011).
- Switched Services Page 30 -2012 Annual Section 43.61 International Traffic Data for All U.S. Points: All Settlement Arrangements

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