Multiple Choice Questions

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1) Personality disorders (PD) consist of a loosely-bound cluster of sub-types. Which of the following common features are evident in PD?

a)

they are characterized by an enduring pattern of behaviour that deviates markedly from expectations within that culture

b)

they are associated with unusual ways of interpreting events, unpredictable mood swings, or impulsive behaviour

c)

they result in impairments in social and occupational functioning

d)

All of the above

Correct! Personality Disorders: A group of disorders marked by persistent, inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thought and behaviour that develop in adolescence or early adulthood and significantly impair an individual's ability to functionIncorrect.

2) Which of the following is the most well-known of the
Personality disorders ?

a)

Borderline Personality Disorder

b)

Melancholic Personality Disorder

c)

Associative Personality Disorder

d)

Dissociative Personality Disorder

Correct! Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD: A personality disorder, the main
features of which are instability in personal relationships, a lack of
well-defined and stable self-image, regular and unpredictable changes
in
moods, and impulsive behaviour)
Incorrect.

3) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with paranoid personality disorder

a)

avoidance of close relationships

b)

avoidance of public places

c)

are often spontaneously aggressive to others

d)

often feel that they have been deeply and irreversibly betrayed by others

Correct! Paranoid Personality Disorder: A personality disorder characterised by an enduring pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others.Incorrect.

4) An Individual with a schizotypal personality disorder will usually exhibit which of the following characteristics?

a)

eccentric' behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication

b)

discomfort with close personal relationships

c)

often exhibit unusual ideas of reference

d)

All of the above

Correct! Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A personality disorder which is characterised by 'eccentric' behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication.Incorrect.

5) Which of the following is a subtype of Dramatic/Emotional Personality Disorders (Cluster B)

a)

Paranoid Personality Disorder

b)

Schizotypical Personality Disorder

c)

Histrionic Personality Disorder

d)

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Correct! Histrionic Personality Disorder: A personality disorder in which an individual is attention-seeking, and is uncomfortable or unhappy when they are not the centre of attentionIncorrect.

6) The term 'sociopath' or 'psychopath' is sometimes used to describe which type of personality disorder

a)

Histrionic Personality Disorder

b)

Antisocial Personality Disorder APD

c)

Paranoid Personality Disorder

d)

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Correct! Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD: A personality disorder, the main features of which are an enduring disregard for, and violation of the rights of others. It is characterised by impulsive behaviour, lack of remorse, and is closely linked with adult criminal behaviour.Incorrect.

7) An individual with narcissistic personality disorder will routinely overestimate their abilities and inflate their accomplishments, and this is characterized by which of the following?

a)

a pervasive need for admiration

b)

An inability to monitor reality

c)

impulsive behaviour such as drug abuse

d)

unusual ideas of reference

Correct! Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A personality disorder, in which an individual overestimates their abilities, inflates their accomplishments,
has a pervasive need for admiration, and also shows a lack of empathy with the feelings of othersIncorrect.

8) The apparent lack of empathy and the tendency to exploit others for self-benefit, has lead psychologists to compare narcissistic personality disorder with which one of the following?

a)

Histrionic Personality Disorder

b)

Antisocial personality Disorder

c)

Paranoid Personality Disorder

d)

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Correct! Histrionic Personality Disorder: A personality disorder in which an individual is attention-seeking, and is uncomfortable or unhappy when they are not the centre of attentionIncorrect.

9) Which of the following are considered to be the main features of avoidant personality disorder?

a)

persistent social inhibition

b)

feelings of inadequacy

c)

hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

d)

All of the above

Correct! Avoidant Personality Disorder: A personality disorder of which the features are avoidance of a wide range of social situations, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation and criticism.Incorrect.

10) Some clinicians have come to believe that antisocial personality disorder and social phobia are both components of a broader spectrum called:

a)

Social identity spectrum

b)

Broad spectrum disorder

c)

social anxiety spectrum

d)

generalised anxiety disorder

Correct! Social Anxiety Spectrum: A spectrum of disorder proposed to include both avoidant personality disorder and social phobiaIncorrect.

11) An Individual with Dependent Personality Disorder will exhibit which of the following?

a)

submissive and clinging behaviour

b)

have great difficulty making everyday decisions

c)

passive behaviours

d)

All of the above

Correct! Dependent Personality Disorder: A personality disorder which is characterised by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, submissive and clinging behaviour, and difficulty making everyday decisions without advice from othersIncorrect.

12) An Individual with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder will exhibit which of the following characteristics?

a)

exceptionally perfectionist tendencies

b)

a preoccupation with orderliness

c)

They will stick to rules

d)

All of the above

Correct! Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD): A personality disorder in which individuals show exceptionally perfectionist tendencies including a preoccupation with orderliness and control at the expense of flexibility, efficiency and productivity.Incorrect.

13) Which of the following is NOT considered to be a risk factors for personality disorders ?

a)

living in inner cities

b)

low socioeconomic class

c)

gender

d)

being a young adult

Correct! Personality Disorders: A group of disorders marked by persistent, inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thought and behaviour that develop in adolescence or early adulthood and significantly impair an individual's ability to function.Incorrect.

14) The formalistic similarities between Cluster A disorders and schizophrenia have led researchers to argue that they are part of a broader

15) According to psychodynamic theory which of the following is NOT deemed to be characteristic of the parents of an individual with paranoid personality disorder

a)

demanding

b)

absent

c)

distant,

d)

over rigid

Correct! Paranoid Personality Disorder: A personality disorder characterised by an enduring pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others.Incorrect.

16) Antisocial Personality Disorder is closely associated with criminal and antisocial behaviour. Because of this, considerable effort has been invested in attempting which of the following?

a)

to identify childhood and adolescent behaviours that may help to predict later adolescent and adult APD

b)

to ascertain whether there is an inherited or genetic component to APD

c)

to identify any biological or psychological processes that may be involved in APD

d)

All of the above

Correct! Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD): A personality disorder, the main features of which are an enduring disregard for, and violation of the rights of others. It is characterised by impulsive behaviour, lack of remorse, and is closely linked with adult criminal behaviourIncorrect.

17) Personality disorders are an enduring patterns of behaviour that persist from childhood into adulthood and because of this fact, one of the best predictors of APD in adulthood is a diagnosis of

a)

Conduct disorder

b)

Attention Deficit Disorder

c)

Attachment Disorder

d)

Childhood anxiety

Correct! Conduct Disorder (CD: A pattern of behaviour during childhood in which the child exhibits a range of behavioural problems that include fighting, lying, running away from home, vandalism and truancy.)Incorrect.

18) Behaviour of individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder often appears impulsive and unpredictable due to switching quickly and unpredictably between:

a)

Dysfunctional memories

b)

Dysfunctional schemas

c)

Dysfunctional hearing

d)

Dysfunctional Balance

Correct! Dysfunctional Schemas: In personality disorders, a set of dysfunctional beliefs that are hypothesised to maintain problematic behaviour characteristic of a number of personality disorders (e.g. antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder)Incorrect.

19) More recent research has linked Borderline Personality Disoder (BPD) with bipolar disorder, and the two are often comorbid. Some individuals with BPD belong to a broader:

20) Evidence suggests that individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder have a number of brain abnormalities that may give rise to impulsive behaviour. There is evidence for dysfunction in brain:

a)

Circuitry

b)

Dopamine

c)

Anatomy

d)

Corpus callosum functioning

Correct! Dopamine: A compound which exists in the body as a neurotransmitter and as a precursor of other substances including adrenalin.Incorrect.

21) According to psychodynamic theory individuals are sometimes motivated to respond to the world through the perspectives they have learnt from important other people in their developmental past. This is called:

a)

Object permanence theory

b)

Distorted perspective theory

c)

Object-relations theory

d)

Ego defence theory

Correct! Object-Relations Theory: A theory which argues that individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have received inadequate support and love from important others (such as parents) and this results in an insecure ego, which is likely to lead to lack of self-esteem and fear of rejection.Incorrect.

Correct! Splitting: An element of Object-Relations Theory which argues that individuals with weak egos engage in a defence mechanism by which they evaluate people, events or things in a completely black or white way, often judging people as either good or bad with no shades of grey.Incorrect.

23) Narcissistic personality disorder is also closely associated with antisocial personality disorder (APD),. Which of the following is not a way in narcissistic individuals will regularly act:

a)

Self-motivated

b)

Deceitful

c)

Aggressive

d)

Withdrawn

Correct! Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A personality disorder in which an individual overestimates their abilities, inflates their accomplishments, has a pervasive need for admiration, and also shows a lack of empathy with the feelings of others.Incorrect.

24) Which of the following is not usually associated with Avoidant Personality Disorder?

a)

Low self-esteem

b)

Feelings of shame

c)

Feelings of guilt

d)

Feelings of superiority

Correct! Avoidant Personality Disorder: A personality disorder of which the features are avoidance of a wide range of social situations, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation and criticism.Incorrect.

25) Which of the following is a particular example of psychodynamic treatment which attempts to strengthen the individual's weak ego so that they are able to address issues in their life without constantly flipping from one extreme view to another:

a)

Object permanent psychotherapy

b)

Selective relations psychotherapy

c)

Object-relations psychotherapy

d)

Goal directed psychotherapy

Correct! Object-Relations Psychotherapy: A treatment that has been developed specifically to deal with the difficulties posed by the treatment of individuals with personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder.Incorrect.

26) There is one particular form of therapy that has been successfully used to treat individuals with personality disorders and involves providing them with insight into their dysfunctional ways of thinking, and is designed to provide them with the necessary skills to overcome these problematic ways of thinking and behaving. Which of the following is this therapy ?

a)

Dialectical behaviour therapy

b)

Psychodynamic therapy

c)

Systematic desensitization

d)

Exposure and response prevention

Correct! Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: A treatment that has been developed specifically to deal with the difficulties posed by the treatment of individuals with personality disorders such as borderline personality disorderIncorrect.

27) Cognitive behavioural therapy may be used to treat an individual with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder by challenging:

a)

Dysfunctional relationships

b)

Dysfunctional schemata

c)

Dysfunctional behaviour

d)

Dysfunctional sleep patterns

Correct! Dysfunctional Schemas: In personality disorders, a set of dysfunctional beliefs that are hypothesised to maintain problematic behaviour characteristic of a number of personality disorders (e.g. antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorderIncorrect.

28) In the treatments of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder a therapist may change dysfunctional schemata by:

a)

Remothering

b)

Restructuring

c)

Reparenting

d)

Repossessing

Correct! Reparenting: A therapy process in which the client allows the therapist to form an emotional attachment to the client in order to challenge dysfunctional schemataIncorrect.

29) Which of the following could be described as a stage of schemata therapy for personality disorder?

a)

Developing self-knowledge

b)

Identifying and prevent schemata avoidance responses

c)

Examine the life experiences

d)

All of the above

Correct! Schemata Therapy: A cognitive therapy developed to attempt to identify and change any logical errors, dysfunctional beliefs and maladaptive schemas possessed by the individual with personality disorders.Incorrect.

30) Which of the following is not a DSM-IV-TR criterion for schizoid personality disorder?

a)

Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family

b)

Almost always chooses solitary activities

c)

Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner

d)

Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity

Correct! Schizoid Personality Disorder: A personality disorder in which individuals are often described as 'loners' who fail to express a normal range of emotions and appear to get little reward from any activities.Incorrect.