II- Secular illustrations and Persian Painting

There are very few secular illustrated texts which survive from late
Antiquity or Byzantium. The rise of illustrated secular works under
Islam occur in the late 12th and 13th centuries. Kalila wa Dimna were
the examples of these works that illustrate the appearance of an immensely
rich merchant class in the Near East with means and pretensions to ape
the rulers. Meanwhile, the Persian paintings were mostly
about the pride of the kings and rulers. There were also religious
Persian paintings which represent the Persian interpretations of
Islam.