The deterioration of urban environmental quality accompanies rapid urbanization in the past few decades, especially in developing countries. Decreased environmental quality is caused by overcrowding, water and green scarcity, urban thermal condition, and so on. The effects of landscape composition on the thermal environment were widely investigated. Previous results have showed that built-up areas and barren land make significant contribution to the urban thermal environment, whereas vegetation plays a significant role in mitigating urban heat island. However, few studies have examined the effects of land cover configuration on thermal environment. Through deriving the remote sensing information and calculating spectral index, this study classified the satellite images of the study area into several types. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the significance of landscape composition and configuration on land surface temperature (LST). A strong correlation between the thermal environment and urban spatial structure indicates that configuration also influences the urban heat island (UHI). These findings will be helpful for understanding the optimization of urban spatial pattern and inform urban planning to have a better and healthier living urban environments.