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2.
Motivation How to get the coffee to the customer as hot as possible?How to improve the executionquality of a service robot acting inopen-ended environments givenlimited onboard resources?Example:Optimize coffee delivery service 1. guarantee minimum coffee temperature (preference is to serve as hot as possible) 2. maximum velocity bound due to safety issues (hot coffee) and battery level 3. minimum required velocity depending on distance since coffee cools down 4. fast delivery can increase volume of coffee sales 05.11.2012 DSLRob 2012 / Schlegel 2

3.
Motivation How to get the coffee to the customer asFocus so far in service robotics still mostly on: hot as possible? • pure task achievement • robot functionality • how to do somethingWhat cannot be ignored any longer: • non-functional properties • quality of service • safety • energy consumption • … • do it efficiently • which possibilities are better than others in terms of non-functional properties? 05.11.2012 DSLRob 2012 / Schlegel 3

4.
Motivation How to get the coffee to the customer as hot as possible?Robotics engineer / design-time• identify and enumerate all eventualities in advance???• code proper configurations, resource assignments and reactions for all situations??? not efficient due to the combinatorial explosion of situations & parameterizations even the most skilled robotics engineer cannot foresee all eventualitiesRobot / run-time:• just (re)plan in order to take into account latest information as soon as it becomes available??? complexity far too high when it comes to real-world problems(not possible to generate action plots given partial information only while also taking into account additional properties like, e.g. safety and resource awareness) 05.11.2012 DSLRob 2012 / Schlegel 4

5.
Our Approach: How to get the coffee to the customer as• Express variability at design-time hot as possible? • make it as simple as possible for the designer to express variability• Bind variability at run-time based on the then available information • enable the robot to bind variability at run-time based on the then available information• remove complexity from the designer by a DSL• remove complexity from the robot’s run-time decision by modeling variabilityWe present:• first version of a DSL to express variability in terms of non-functional properties• integration into our robotic architecture• real-world example 05.11.2012 DSLRob 2012 / Schlegel 5

6.
Our Approach How to get the coffee to the customer as hot as possible?Separation of concerns:• models (e.g. task net) describe how to deliver a coffee• models specify what is a good way (policy) of delivering a coffee (e.g. in terms of non-functional properties like safety, energy consumption, etc.)Separation of roles:• designer at design-time: provides models • action plots with variation points to be bound later by the robot • policies for task fulfillment • problem solvers to use for binding variability• robot at run-time: decides on proper bindings for variation points • apply policies • take into account current situation and context 05.11.2012 DSLRob 2012 / Schlegel 6

12.
Conclusions & Future Work• VML enables designers to focus on modeling the adaptation strategies without having to foresee and explicitly deal with all the potential situations that may arise in real-world and open-ended environments.• The variability, purposefully left open by the designers in the VML models, is then bound by the robot at run-time according to its current tasks and context (separation of roles and separation of concerns).• We underpinned the applicability of our approach by integrating it into our overall robotic architecture and by implementing it in a sophisticated real-world scenario on our service robot Kate.• For the future, we fully integrate VML into our SmartSoft MDSD toolchain. 05.11.2012 DSLRob 2012 / Schlegel 12