The dosage range of HOT-17 is typically 70-120mg and its duration is approximately 12–18 hours according to Shulgin. HOT-17 produces time distortion and general psychedelia. It also has little to no body load.

1.
Nitrogen
–
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish had independently done so at about the same time, Rutherford is generally accorded the credit because his work was published first. Nitrogen is the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, the name comes from the Greek πνίγειν to choke, directly referencing nitrogens asphyxiating properties. It is an element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dinitrogen, a colourless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula N2, dinitrogen forms about 78% of Earths atmosphere, making it the most abundant uncombined element. Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids, in the nucleic acids, the human body contains about 3% nitrogen by mass, the fourth most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The nitrogen cycle describes movement of the element from the air, into the biosphere and organic compounds, many industrially important compounds, such as ammonia, nitric acid, organic nitrates, and cyanides, contain nitrogen. The extremely strong bond in elemental nitrogen, the second strongest bond in any diatomic molecule. Synthetically produced ammonia and nitrates are key industrial fertilisers, and fertiliser nitrates are key pollutants in the eutrophication of water systems. Apart from its use in fertilisers and energy-stores, nitrogen is a constituent of organic compounds as diverse as Kevlar used in high-strength fabric, Nitrogen is a constituent of every major pharmacological drug class, including antibiotics. Many notable nitrogen-containing drugs, such as the caffeine and morphine or the synthetic amphetamines. Nitrogen compounds have a long history, ammonium chloride having been known to Herodotus. They were well known by the Middle Ages, alchemists knew nitric acid as aqua fortis, as well as other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium salts and nitrate salts. The mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids was known as aqua regia, celebrated for its ability to dissolve gold, the discovery of nitrogen is attributed to the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, who called it noxious air. Though he did not recognise it as a different chemical substance, he clearly distinguished it from Joseph Blacks fixed air. The fact that there was a component of air that does not support combustion was clear to Rutherford, Nitrogen was also studied at about the same time by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Henry Cavendish, and Joseph Priestley, who referred to it as burnt air or phlogisticated air. Nitrogen gas was inert enough that Antoine Lavoisier referred to it as air or azote, from the Greek word άζωτικός. In an atmosphere of nitrogen, animals died and flames were extinguished

2.
Kilogram
–
The kilogram or kilogramme is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram. The avoirdupois pound, used in both the imperial and US customary systems, is defined as exactly 0.45359237 kg, making one kilogram approximately equal to 2.2046 avoirdupois pounds. Other traditional units of weight and mass around the world are also defined in terms of the kilogram, the gram, 1/1000 of a kilogram, was provisionally defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic centimeter of water at the melting point of ice. The final kilogram, manufactured as a prototype in 1799 and from which the IPK was derived in 1875, had an equal to the mass of 1 dm3 of water at its maximum density. The kilogram is the only SI base unit with an SI prefix as part of its name and it is also the only SI unit that is still directly defined by an artifact rather than a fundamental physical property that can be reproduced in different laboratories. Three other base units and 17 derived units in the SI system are defined relative to the kilogram, only 8 other units do not require the kilogram in their definition, temperature, time and frequency, length, and angle. At its 2011 meeting, the CGPM agreed in principle that the kilogram should be redefined in terms of the Planck constant, the decision was originally deferred until 2014, in 2014 it was deferred again until the next meeting. There are currently several different proposals for the redefinition, these are described in the Proposed Future Definitions section below, the International Prototype Kilogram is rarely used or handled. In the decree of 1795, the term gramme thus replaced gravet, the French spelling was adopted in the United Kingdom when the word was used for the first time in English in 1797, with the spelling kilogram being adopted in the United States. In the United Kingdom both spellings are used, with kilogram having become by far the more common, UK law regulating the units to be used when trading by weight or measure does not prevent the use of either spelling. In the 19th century the French word kilo, a shortening of kilogramme, was imported into the English language where it has used to mean both kilogram and kilometer. In 1935 this was adopted by the IEC as the Giorgi system, now known as MKS system. In 1948 the CGPM commissioned the CIPM to make recommendations for a practical system of units of measurement. This led to the launch of SI in 1960 and the subsequent publication of the SI Brochure, the kilogram is a unit of mass, a property which corresponds to the common perception of how heavy an object is. Mass is a property, that is, it is related to the tendency of an object at rest to remain at rest, or if in motion to remain in motion at a constant velocity. Accordingly, for astronauts in microgravity, no effort is required to hold objects off the cabin floor, they are weightless. However, since objects in microgravity still retain their mass and inertia, the ratio of the force of gravity on the two objects, measured by the scale, is equal to the ratio of their masses. On April 7,1795, the gram was decreed in France to be the weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of the metre

3.
Psychedelia
–
Psychedelia is a name given to the subculture of people, originating in the 1960s, who often use psychedelic drugs such as LSD, mescaline and psilocybin. The term is used to describe a style of psychedelic artwork. Psychedelic art and music typically try to recreate or reflect the experience of altered consciousness, the term psychedelic is derived from the Ancient Greek words psychē and dēloun, translating to soul-revealing. Psychedelic states may be elicited by various techniques, such as meditation, sensory stimulation or deprivation, when these psychoactive substances are used for religious, shamanic, or spiritual purposes, they are termed entheogens. The term was first coined as a noun in 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond as a descriptor for hallucinogenic drugs in the context of psychedelic psychotherapy. Seeking a name for the experience induced by LSD, Osmond contacted Aldous Huxley, Huxley coined the term phanerothyme, from the Greek terms for manifest and spirit. This mongrel spelling of the word psychedelic was loathed by American ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes, but championed by Timothy Leary, who thought it sounded better. In the same period Lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD, or acid, began to be used in the US and UK as an experimental treatment, initially promoted as a potential cure for mental illness. There had long been a culture of use among jazz and blues musicians, and use of drugs had begun to grow among folk and rock musicians. By the mid-1960s, the psychedelic life-style had already developed in California, and this was particularly true in San Francisco, due in part to the first major underground LSD factory, established there by Owsley Stanley. Leary was a proponent of the use of psychedelics, as was Aldous Huxley. However, both advanced widely different opinions on the use of psychedelics by state and civil society. Leary promulgated the idea of such substances as a panacea, while Huxley suggested that only the cultural and intellectual elite should partake of entheogens systematically, in the mid-1960s the use of psychedelic drugs became widespread in modern Western culture, particularly in the United States and Britain. The movement is credited to Michael Hollingshead who arrived in America from London in 1965 and he was sent to the U. S. by other members of the psychedelic movement to get their ideas exposure. Resurgences of the style are common in the modern era, in science, hallucinogen remains the standard term. Advances in printing and photographic technology in the 1960s saw the traditional lithography printing techniques rapidly superseded by the printing system. Many artists in the late 1960s and early 1970s attempted to illustrate the psychedelic experience in paintings, drawings, illustrations, in the modern era, computer graphics may be used to produce psychedelic effects for artwork. The counterculture music scene frequently used psychedelic designs on posters during the Summer of Love, many of these works are now regarded as classics of the poster genre, and original items by these artists command high prices on the collector market today

4.
Hallucinogen
–
A hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent which can cause hallucinations, perceptual anomalies, and other substantial subjective changes in thoughts, emotion, and consciousness. The common types of hallucinogens are psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants, although hallucinations are a common symptom of amphetamine psychosis, amphetamines are not considered hallucinogens, as they are not a primary effect of the drugs themselves. While hallucinations can occur when abusing stimulants, the nature of stimulant psychosis is not unlike delirium, a debate persists on criteria which would easily differentiate a substance which is psychedelic from one hallucinogenic. Sir Thomas Browne in 1646 coined the term hallucination from the Latin word alucinari meaning to wander in the mind, the term psychedelic is derived from the Ancient Greek words psychē and dēloun, or mind-revealing. A hallucinogen and a psychedelic may refer correctly to the same substance, hallucinations and psychedelia may both refer to the same aspects of subjective experience in a given instance. A hallucinogen in this sense refers to any substance which causes changes in perception or hallucinations. In contrast to Hollisters original criteria, adverse effects may predominate with some hallucinogens with this application of the term, the word psychedelic was coined to express the idea of a drug that makes manifest a hidden but real aspect of the mind. One explanatory model for the experiences provoked by psychedelics is the reducing valve concept, in this view, the drugs disable the brains filtering ability to selectively prevent certain perceptions, emotions, memories and thoughts from ever reaching the conscious mind. This effect has been described as mind expanding, or consciousness expanding, many designer drugs and research chemicals are hallucinogenic in nature, such as those in the 2C and NBOMe families. Dissociatives produce analgesia, amnesia and catalepsy at anesthetic doses, dissociative symptoms include the disruption or compartmentalization of. the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception. p. 523 Dissociation of sensory input can cause derealization, the perception of the world as being dream-like or unreal. The primary dissociatives achieve their effect through blocking the signals received by the NMDA receptor set and include ketamine, methoxetamine, phencyclidine, dextromethorphan, however, dissociation is also remarkably administered by salvinorin As potent κ-opioid receptor agonism. Some dissociatives can have CNS depressant effects, thereby carrying similar risks as opioids, DXM in higher doses can increase heart rate and blood pressure and still depress respiration. Inversely, PCP can have unpredictable effects and has often been classified as a stimulant. While many have reported that they feel no pain while under the effects of PCP, DXM and Ketamine, this does not fall under the usual classification of anesthetics in recreational doses. Rather, true to their name, they process pain as a kind of far away sensation, pain, although present, becomes a disembodied experience, as for probably the most common dissociative, nitrous oxide, the principal risk seems to be due to oxygen deprivation. Injury from falling is also a danger, as nitrous oxide may cause loss of consciousness. Because of the level of physical activity and relative imperviousness to pain induced by PCP

5.
Psychedelic drug
–
A psychedelic drug is a drug whose primary action is to alter cognition and perception, typically by agonising serotonin receptors. The psychedelic experience is often compared to forms of consciousness such as trance, meditation, yoga, religious ecstasy, dreaming. With a few exceptions, most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three following families of compounds, tryptamines, phenethylamines, and lysergamides. Many psychedelic drugs are illegal worldwide under the UN conventions unless used in a medical or religious context, despite these regulations, recreational use of psychedelics is common. The word was coined in 1956 by British psychiatrist, Humphry Osmond, the spelling loathed by American ethnobotanist, Richard Schultes, aldous Huxley had suggested to Humphry Osmond in 1956 his own coinage phanerothyme. Recently, the term entheogenic has come into use to denote the use of drugs in a religious/spiritual/mystical context. Psychedelics have a history of traditional use in medicine and religion. In this context, they are known as entheogens. Native American practitioners using mescaline-containing cacti have reported success against alcoholism, ayahuasca, which contains the powerful psychedelic DMT, is used in Peru and other parts of South America for spiritual and physical healing as well as in religious festivals. Classical or serotonergic psychedelics include LSD, psilocin, mescaline, and this class of psychedelics includes the classical hallucinogens, including the lysergamides like LSD and LSA, tryptamines like psilocybin and DMT, and phenethylamines like mescaline and 2C-B. Many of these psychedelics cause remarkably similar effects, despite their different chemical structure, however, many users report that the three families have subjectively different qualities in the feel of the experience, which are difficult to describe. At lower doses, these include sensory alterations, such as the warping of surfaces, shape suggestibility, users often report intense colors that they have not previously experienced, and repetitive geometric shapes are common. Higher doses often cause intense and fundamental alterations of sensory perception, some compounds, such as 2C-B, have extremely tight dose curves, meaning the difference between a non-event and an overwhelming disconnection from reality can be very slight. There can be substantial differences between the drugs, however. The empathogen-entactogens are phenethylamines of the MDxx class such as MDMA, MDEA and their effects are characterized by feelings of openness, euphoria, empathy, love, heightened self-awareness, and by mild audio and visual distortions. Their adoption by the subculture is probably due to the enhancement of the overall social and musical experience. Certain dissociative drugs acting via NMDA antagonism are known to produce what some might consider psychedelic effects, the main differences between dissociative psychedelics and serotonergic hallucinogens are that the dissociatives cause more intense derealization and depersonalization. For example, ketamine produces sensations of being disconnected from ones body, salvia divinorum is a dissociative that is sometimes classified as an atypical psychedelic

6.
Alexander Shulgin
–
Alexander Theodore Sasha Shulgin was an American medicinal chemist, biochemist, organic chemist, pharmacologist, psychopharmacologist, and author. In 1991 and 1997, he and his wife Ann Shulgin authored the books PIHKAL and TIHKAL, Shulgin performed seminal work into the descriptive synthesis of many of these compounds. Some of Shulgins noteworthy discoveries include compounds of the 2C* family, due in part to Shulgins extensive work in the field of psychedelic research and the rational drug design of psychedelic drugs, he has since been dubbed the godfather of psychedelics. Shulgin was born in Berkeley, California to Theodore Stevens Shulgin and his father was born in Russia, while his mother was born in Illinois. Both Theodore and Henrietta were public school teachers in Alameda County, Shulgin began studying organic chemistry as a Harvard University scholarship student at the age of 16. In 1943 he dropped out of school to join the U. S. Navy, while serving on USS Pope in the Navy during World War II, Shulgin was given a glass of orange juice by a nurse prior to surgery for a thumb infection. Shulgin drank the juice and, assuming that the powder at the bottom of the glass was a sedative, upon waking he learned that the powder was undissolved sugar. The experience made him aware of the influence of placebos over the human mind, after serving in the Navy, Shulgin returned to Berkeley, California, and in 1954 earned his Ph. D. in biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley. Through the late 1950s Shulgin completed post-doctoral work in the fields of psychiatry and pharmacology at University of California, after working at Bio-Rad Laboratories as a research director for a brief period, he began work at Dow Chemical Company as a senior research chemist. At this time he had a series of experiences that helped to shape his further goals and research. I first explored mescaline in the late 50s, I learned there was a great deal inside me. I understood that our universe is contained in the mind. We may choose not to access to it, we may even deny its existence, but it is indeed there inside us. Shulgins professional activities continued to lean in the direction of psychopharmacology, but during this period he was unable to do much independent research. His opportunity for further research came in 1961 after his development of Zectran, the first biodegradable pesticide, in his book PIHKAL, Shulgin limits his pesticide days at Dow Chemical to one sentence in 978 pages. Dow Chemical Company, in return for Zectrans valuable patent, gave Shulgin great freedom, during this time, he created and patented drugs when Dow asked, and published findings on other drugs in journals such as Nature and the Journal of Organic Chemistry. Eventually, Dow Chemical requested that he no longer use their name on his publications, in late 1966, Shulgin left Dow in order to pursue his own interests. He first spent two years studying neurology at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, leaving to work on a consulting project and he set up a home-based lab on his property, known as the Farm, and became a private consultant

7.
Jmol
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Jmol is computer software for molecular modelling chemical structures in 3-dimensions. Jmol returns a 3D representation of a molecule that may be used as a teaching tool and it is written in the programming language Java, so it can run on the operating systems Windows, macOS, Linux, and Unix, if Java is installed. It is free and open-source software released under a GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.0, a standalone application and a software development kit exist that can be integrated into other Java applications, such as Bioclipse and Taverna. A popular feature is an applet that can be integrated into web pages to display molecules in a variety of ways, for example, molecules can be displayed as ball-and-stick models, space-filling models, ribbon diagrams, etc. Jmol supports a range of chemical file formats, including Protein Data Bank, Crystallographic Information File, MDL Molfile. There is also a JavaScript-only version, JSmol, that can be used on computers with no Java, the Jmol applet, among other abilities, offers an alternative to the Chime plug-in, which is no longer under active development. While Jmol has many features that Chime lacks, it does not claim to reproduce all Chime functions, most notably, Chime requires plug-in installation and Internet Explorer 6.0 or Firefox 2.0 on Microsoft Windows, or Netscape Communicator 4.8 on Mac OS9. Jmol requires Java installation and operates on a variety of platforms. For example, Jmol is fully functional in Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Google Chrome, fast and Scriptable Molecular Graphics in Web Browsers without Java3D

8.
Phenethylamine
–
Phenylethylamine functions as a monoaminergic neuromodulator and, to a lesser extent, a neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system. It is biosynthesized from the amino acid L-phenylalanine by enzymatic decarboxylation via the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, in addition to its presence in mammals, phenethylamine is found in many other organisms and foods, such as chocolate, especially after microbial fermentation. This prevents significant concentrations from reaching the brain when taken in low doses, the group of phenethylamine derivatives is referred to as the phenethylamines. Phenethylamine is an amine, the amino-group being attached to a benzene ring through a two-carbon. It is a liquid at room temperature that has a fishy odour. Its density is 0.964 g/ml and its point is 195 °C. Upon exposure to air, it combines with carbon dioxide to form a solid carbonate salt, phenethylamine is strongly basic, pKb =4.17, as measured using the HCl salt and forms a stable crystalline hydrochloride salt with a melting point of 217 °C. Numerous endogenous compounds – including hormones, monoamine neurotransmitters, and many trace amines – are substituted phenethylamines, several notable recreational drugs, such as MDMA, methamphetamine, and cathinones, are also members of the class. All of the substituted amphetamines are phenethylamines as well, pharmaceutical drugs that are substituted phenethylamines include phenelzine, phenformin, and fanetizole, among many others. One method for preparing β-phenethylamine, set forth in J. C, alternative syntheses are outlined in the footnotes to this preparation. Phenethylamine can also be produced via the reduction of benzyl cyanide in a divided cell. It is possible to assemble phenethylamine structures for synthesis of such as epinephrine, amphetamines. In treatment responsive individuals, amphetamine and methylphenidate greatly increase urinary phenethylamine concentration, an ADHD biomarker review also indicated that urinary phenethylamine levels could be a diagnostic biomarker for ADHD. Skydiving induces an increase in urinary phenethylamine concentrations. Thirty minutes of moderate to high intensity exercise has been shown to induce an enormous increase in urinary phenylacetic acid. In a resting state, phenethylamine is synthesized in catecholamine neurons from L-phenylalanine by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase at approximately the rate as dopamine is produced. Phenethylamine, being similar to amphetamine in its action at their common biomolecular targets, phenethylamine also appears to induce acetylcholine release via a glutamate-mediated mechanism. Phenethylamine has been shown to bind to two human trace amine-associated receptors, hTAAR1 and hTAAR2, as an agonist, by oral route, phenylethylamines half-life is 5–10 minutes, endogenously produced PEA in catecholamine neurons has a half-life of roughly 30 seconds

9.
5-HT2A receptor
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The mammalian 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor. This is the main excitatory receptor subtype among the GPCRs for serotonin, although 5-HT2A may also have an effect on certain areas such as the visual cortex. This receptor was first noted for its importance as a target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD, later it came back to prominence because it was also found to be mediating, at least partly, the action of many antipsychotic drugs, especially the atypical ones. 5-HT2A may be a receptor for the spread of the human polyoma virus called JC virus. Downregulation of post-synaptic 5-HT2A receptor is an adaptive process provoked by chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, deceased suicidal and otherwise depressed patients have had more 5-HT2A receptors than normal patients. These findings suggest that post-synaptic 5-HT2A overdensity is involved in the pathogenesis of depression, 5-HT2A is thought to correspond to what was originally described as D subtype of 5-HT receptors by Gaddum and Picarelli. Later it was shown that the 5-HT2 was very close to 5-HT1C and thus were clubbed together, thus the 5-HT2 receptor family is composed of three separate molecular entities, the 5-HT2A, the 5-HT2B and the 5-HT2C receptors. 5-HT2A is expressed throughout the central nervous system. It is expressed near most of the serotoninergic terminal rich areas, including neocortex, in the rat cerebellum, the protein has also been found in the Golgi cells of the granular layer, and in the Purkinje cells. In the periphery, it is expressed in platelets and many cell types of the cardiovascular system, in fibroblasts. Additionally, 5-HT2A mRNA expression has been observed in human monocytes, the 5-HT2A receptor is known primarily to couple to the Gαq signal transduction pathway. Upon receptor stimulation with agonist, Gαq and β-γ subunits dissociate to initiate downstream effector pathways, Gαq stimulates phospholipase C activity, which subsequently promotes the release of diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, which in turn stimulate protein kinase C activity and Ca2+ release. Other 5-HT2A agonists like LSD also have potent anti-inflammatory effects against TNF-alpha-induced inflammation, activation of the 5-HT2A receptor in hypothalamus causes increases in hormonal levels of oxytocin, prolactin, ACTH, corticosterone, and renin. A very large family of derivatives from these three classes has been developed, and their structure-activity relationships have been extensively researched, agonists acting at 5-HT2A receptors located on the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells within regions of the prefrontal cortex are believed to mediate hallucinogenic activity. Newer findings reveal that psychoactive effects of classic psychedelics are mediated by the receptor heterodimer 5-HT2A–mGlu2, agonists enhance dopamine in PFC, enhances memory and plays an active role in attention and learning. O-4310, 5-HT2A selective, claimed to have 100x selectivity over 5-HT2C and be inactive at 5-HT2B PHA-57378, dual 5-HT2A / 5-HT2C agonist, anxiolytic effects in animal studies. 25C-NBOMe Methysergide, a congener of methylergonovine, used in treatment of migraine blocks 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, oSU-6162 acts as a partial agonist at both 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors 25CN-NBOH, 100x selectivity for 5-HT2A over 5-HT2C, 46x selectivity over 5-HT2B. Efavirenz, a drug, produces psychiatric side effects thought to be mediated by 5-HT2A

10.
Bromo-DragonFLY
–
Bromo-DragonFLY is a psychedelic drug related to the phenethylamine family. Bromo-DragonFLY has a stereocenter and --bromo-DragonFLY is the active stereoisomer. Bromo-DragonFLY was first synthesized by Matthew Parker in the laboratory of David E. Nichols in 1998, as with the earlier and less potent dihydrofuran series of compounds nicknamed FLY, Bromo-DragonFLY was named after its superficial structural resemblance to a dragonfly. The hallucinogenic effect of bromo-DragonFLY is mediated by its agonist activity at the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, the typical dose of Bromo-DragonFLY is not known, however it has varied from 500 μg to 1 mg. It has about 300 times the potency of mescaline, or 1/5 the potency of LSD and it has been sold in the form of blotters, similar to the distribution method of LSD, which has led to confusion, and reports of mistakenly consuming Bromo-DragonFly. It has a longer duration of action than LSD and can last for up to 2–3 days following a single large dose. Laboratory testing has confirmed that in October 2009, a batch of Bromo-Dragonfly was distributed, mislabeled as the related compound 2C-B-FLY and this mistake is believed to have contributed to several lethal overdoses and additional hospitalizations. The batch implicated in these deaths also contained significant synthesis impurities, vasoconstrictive action resulting from severe overdose of Bromo-DragonFLY is known to have caused tissue necrosis of the extremities in at least one case. Treatment was of limited efficacy in this case, although tolazoline is reportedly an effective treatment where available, overdose-associated disturbing experiences and health problems have been described. One case in 2008 in England involved inhalation of vomit, causing nearly fatal asphyxia, on October 3,2009, a 22-year-old male from Copenhagen died after ingesting Bromo-dragonfly. His friend described the trip saying, It was like being dragged to hell and it is the most evil Ive ever tried. On May 7,2011, in the United States, two adults died after overdosing on Bromo-DragonFLY, which they thought was 2C-E, and several others were hospitalized during the same incident. Because they took a dosage appropriate for 2C-E, those who took the drug received, in some cases, both deaths followed seizures, vomiting blood, and terrifying hallucinations. Several surviving victims are still suffering from its physical effects. Bromo-DragonFLY is listed as a Schedule I in Oklahoma, Schedule III as of Oct 122016. 2C-phenethylamines and their salts, derivatives, isomers and salts of derivatives and isomers that correspond to a definition that includes anything with a 2. This includes most 2C-s, DOx, TMA, Aleph, NBOMes, NBOHs, NBF, bk-2-C-B, 2C-B-Fly, Bromo-DragonFLY, Bromo-DragonFLY is widely reported by the media as being a class A drug. If the prosecution could demonstrate structural similarity in court, it would be considered a Class A substance and it is not explicitly named in the misuse of drugs act

11.
AL-LAD
–
AL-LAD, also known as 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD, is a psychedelic drug and an analog of lysergic acid diethylamide. It is described by Alexander Shulgin in the book TiHKAL and it is synthesized starting from LSD as a precursor, using allyl bromide as a reactant. While AL-LAD has subtly different effects than LSD, and appears to be slightly shorter lasting, their potencies are similar, AL-LAD has a known but short and highly uncommon history of recreational human use, which originated in Ireland and the UK, but spread internationally. AL-LAD does not cause a change with the Marquis, Mecke or Mandelin reagents. AL-LAD is not scheduled by the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, AL-LAD is possibly illegal in Latvia. Although it isnt specifically scheduled, it may be controlled as an LSD structural analog due to an amendment made on June 1,2015, AL-LAD is illegal in the UK. The UK Home office accepted this advice and announced a ban of the substance to be enacted on 6 January 2015 as part of The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 Order 2014, 1P-LSD ETH-LAD PRO-LAD LSZ Watts, V. J. Mailman, R. B. Lawler, C. P. Neve, K. A. Nichols, D. E. LSD and structural analogs, niwaguchi, T, Nakahara, Y, Ishii, H. Studies on lysergic acid diethylamide and related compounds, syntheses of various amide derivatives of norlysergic acid and related compounds. Pfaff, Xuemei Huang, Danuta Marona-Lewicka, Robert Oberlender and David E. Nichols, in, NIDA Research Monograph 146, Hallucinogens, An Update. P.52,1994, United States Department of Health, AL-LAD entry in TiHKAL AL-LAD entry in TiHKAL • info AL-LAD Thread at UKChemicalResearch. org

12.
PiHKAL
–
PiHKAL, A Chemical Love Story is a book by Dr. Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin which was published in 1991. The subject of the work is psychoactive phenethylamine chemical derivatives, notably those that act as psychedelics and/or empathogen-entactogens, the main title is an acronym that stands for Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved. The second part was made available by Shulgin on Erowid while the first part is available only in the printed text. While the reactions described are beyond the ability of people with a basic chemistry education, notable among these are the use of mercury-aluminum amalgam as a reducing agent and detailed suggestions on legal plant sources of important drug precursors such as safrole. The MDMA synthesis published in PIHKAL remains one of the most common methods of its manufacture to this day. Many countries have banned the major substances for which this book gives directions for synthesis, such as 2C-B, 2C-T-2, in the United Kingdom, all but phenethylamine are illegal. In 1994, two years after PIHKAL was published, the Drug Enforcement Administration raided Shulgins lab and requested that he turn over his DEA license. Richard Meyer, spokesman for DEAs San Francisco Field Division, has stated in reference to PIHKAL It is our opinion that those books are pretty much cookbooks on how to make illegal drugs. The Essential Amphetamines are what Shulgin describes as ten amphetamines that differ from natural products such as safrole or myristicin by an amine group. The list consists of, PMA2, 4-DMA3, 4-DMA MDA MMDA MMDA-3a MMDA-2 TMA TMA-2 DMMDA DMMDA-2 TeMA Not all of these chemicals are bioassayed in PIHKAL, some are merely mentioned. The so-called magical half-dozen refers to Shulgins self-rated most important phenethylamine compounds, 2C-B 2C-E 2C-T-2 2C-T-7 All six are now Schedule I controlled substances in the United States

The shapes of the five orbitals occupied in nitrogen. The two colours show the phase or sign of the wave function in each region. From left to right: 1s, 2s (cutaway to show internal structure), 2px, 2py, 2pz.

The kilogram or kilogramme (SI unit symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), and …

Image: 1kg with creditcard

Measurement of weight – gravitational attraction of the measurand causes a distortion of the spring

Measurement of mass – the gravitational force on the measurand is balanced against the gravitational force on the weights.

The Arago kilogram, an exact copy of the "Kilogramme des Archives" commissioned in 1821 by the US under supervision of French physicist François Arago that served as the US's first kilogram standard of mass until 1889, when the US converted to primary metric standards and received its current kilogram prototypes, K4 and K20.

A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH. It contains oxygen bonded to hydrogen. In organic …

Representation of an organic hydroxy group, where R represents a hydrocarbon or other organic moiety, the red and grey spheres represent oxygen and hydrogen atoms respectively, and the rod-like connections between these, covalentchemical bonds.