We construct the first time-series for Portugal
’s per capita GDP for 1500-1850, drawing on a
new and extensive database. Starting around 1550 there was a highly persistent upward trend
of per capita income, which ...

This paper aims to explore whether and to what extent there was a gap in biological
living standards between rural and urban areas. It
focuses on the north-eastern
Iberian region of Catalonia by making use ...

The large-scale persecution of European Jews during the Second World War generated massive refugee movements. We study the last wave of Holocaust refugees with a
newly compiled dataset of mostly Jewish passengers from ...

Will democracy improve the distribution of economic welfare? Do dictatorships leave
long-run legacies behind? In this paper we explore four Ibero-American countries with some
common historical traits, but also different ...

This paper analyzing the way some group values and individual values affected age at first marriage (both of men and women) and marital fertility during the First and
Second Demographic Transition. For that purpose, ...

Neoclassical models disregard the role of energy in production, equating a factor's output
elasticity with its cost share, but failing to explain growth
without a residual term. In contrast,
ecological economics ...

This article attempts to quantify how the effect of agglomeration economies on
population growth has evolved over time. Using district population in Spain
between 1860 and 1991, recorded approximately ...

This paper aims at providing quantitative and qualitative evidence of a crowding out effect due to war
borrowing at the end of eighteenth-century Spain. In the second section, I examine the two key
links in the crowding ...