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â€ž. ,, .,.. per annum in advance tcr rsqu refonlefi re t lveii ' ' ., cou rt or '.,-, .... â– hsu * luent inseruon ffildents message concluded i . ,! :\ * secretary of ti e annual report oi â€¢Â» â€¢ he treasury will exhiw a detailed state < ' l ndi no d of the finances ihe i p â€¢" . rear ending on the f^vritxt were of the value of i 11 ; 1 j tv ( m mum six Â«Â« hu Â» d z\l nine.v-one thousand nine : oi which the amount xntrted " as Â« 1 ' vrn million three hun '.^ ", - x thousand six hundred ' ! '| .',',, â– dollars leaving the a retained in the country for domes irnpiion one hundred and ten trilli on i an i forty-five thousand and seventy-fourdollars.^the . exports fur the same period e hundred and thirty million four â– thousand live een dollars ; of which . two million one hundred l v-one thousand eight hundred and three dollars consisted of domestic us a i i eh 1 ii miliio three hun y-six thousand six hundred lollars of foreign articles i i?o the treasury for the â€¢ u enty-nine million four | i.i :.*â– ; \ nine thousand two 1 , ji l t rty-seven dollars and six . there was derived from . million seven hundred .,.,'â€¢,- â€¢- * hundred and sixty _ ity-seven cents from nds two million six-hun four thousand four huii -. two dollars and forty eight n incidental and miscellane ninety-two thousand one hun 1 twenty-six dollars and seventy ts the expenditures for the same were twenty-eight million thirty usand one hundred and fourteen and wi nty cents and thi 1 balance treasury on the lirst day of july last traa nine million one hundred and twenty i four hundred and thirty-nine eighl events the amount of the public debt includ isury notes on the lirst of the pre inth was twenty-four million two i and fifty-six thousand four hun red ami ninety-four dollars and sixty cts of which tho sum of seventeen million men hundred and eighty-eight thousand mu hundred and ninety-nine dollars and sixty-two rents was outstanding on the i nf march 1845 leaving the amount i ! since that time six million four ibondred and sixty-seven thousand six hun dred and ninety-four dollars and ninety eight cents \\\ order to prosecute the war with mex ico with vigor and energy as the best f bringing it to a speedy and hon orable termination a further loan will be try to meet the expenditures for the and the next fiscal years if the war should he continued until the thirtieth of june 1848 being the end oi ihe next fiscal year â€” ir is estimated that an addi : onal loan of twenty-three millions of dol !-.*- will be required this estimate is made upon ihe assumption that it will be try to retain constantly in the trea sury four millions of dollars to guard a gainsl contingencies if such surplus were no required to be retained then a loan of nineteen millions of dollars would mi if however congress should at the present session impose a revenue n the principal articles now em n the free list it is estimated that tional annual revenue of about two * and a half amounting it is esti mated on the thirtieth of june 134**j to llions of dollars would be derived irom that source and the loan required â€¢ reduced by that amount t is tl ils 0 . that should congress grad uate n reduce the nice of such of the tnds as have been longin the mark additional revenue derived from that source would he annually for sever uyears to come between half a million million of dollars and the loan re ma be reduced by that amount al so should these measures be adopted i required would not probably ex ceed eighteen or nineteen millions ol dol ms*â€”leaving in the treasury a constant of four millions of dollars the joan proposed it is estimated will be suf icieut lo cover the necessary oxpendi t ires both for the war and for all other purposes up to the thirtieth of june is :*-;. afll an amount of this loan not exceeding ra;l y he required duii.u the pres p "'- ti-cal year and the grealer part of remainder during the li.st half ofthe year succeeding in order that timely notice may be giv fn - and proper measures taken to effect : - e loan.or such portion ot it as mav be 1 . â€¢;'â€¢' ! *. it is important the.t the authori ty ofthe congress to make it he given at j-nearh period of v our present session ' ggested that tiie loan should be tracted lur a period of twenty years uh authority to purchase the stock and kv toll at an early period at its mark f * value out ot any surplus which mav at fny nme be in the treasury applicable to afterthe establishment of r*ee with mexieo it is supposed that a jjtosiderable surplus will exist and that â– â– â€¢" b may he extinguished in a much porter period than that lor which it may the p eriod 0 f twenty years Â£ that for which the proposed loan may in preference to a shorter t-i'r-p i s su s ested * because all experi v Â«â€¢ both at home and abroad has shown lerm are effec,ed u i 0 i niuch better upo ion time than when thev are t iin e i ss i r - v as this neasur e is to sos xiuntrv 3 and the lnterests ot * the ov , ,, en i s 1 aged , n i fore gn war it is the carolina watchman bruxer & james / â€ž,., , â€ž } " keep a chkck upon all your eduors ty proprietors \ ls safs Â» rflht doth,s,amjl berty \ series gen'l harrison Â£ number 3o of volume iii salisbury n c friday december725 1846 " ~~ the balance in the treasury on the first ' of july last exceeded nine millions of dol lars notwitstanding considerable expen ditures had been madeforthe war during the mouths of may and june preceding but for fhe war the whole public debt could and would have been extinguished within a short period and it was a part of my settled policy to do so and thus re lieve the people from ils burden and place lhe government in a position which would enable it to reduce the public expendi tures to that economical standard which is most consistent with the general wel fare and the pure and wholesome pro gress of our institutions among our just causes of complaint a gainst mexico arising out of her refusal ; to treat for peace as well before as since the war so unjustly commenced on her part are the extraordinary expenditures in which we have been involved jus tice to our own people will make it prop er that mexico should be held responsi ble for these expenditures economy in the public expenditures is at all times a high duty which all public functionaries of the government owe to the people this duty becomes the more imperative in a period of war when large and extraordinary expenditures become unavoidable during the existence ofthe war with mexico all our resources should be husbanded and noappropriations made except such as are absolutely necessary for its vigorous prosecution and the due administration of the government ob jects of appropriation which in peace may be deemed useful or proper but which are not indispensable for the public ser vice may when the country is engaged in a foreign war be well postponed to a future period by the observance of this policy at your present session large a mounts may be saved to the treasury and be applied to objects of pressing and ur gent necessity and thus the creation of a corresponding amount of public debt may be avoided it is not meant to recommend that the ordinary and necessary appropriations for the support of government should be with held but it i.s well known that at every session of congress appropriationsare pro pi si-d for numerous objects which may or may not be made without materially af fecting the public interests and these it is recommended should not be granted the act passed at your last session " re ducing the duties on imports not having gone into operation until the first of the present month has not been time for its practical effect upon the revenue and the business ofthe country be developed it is not doubted however that the just pol icy which it adopts will add largely to our foreign trade and promote the gener al prosperity although it cannot be cer tainly foreseen what amount of revenue it will yield.it is estimated that it will ex ceed that produced by the act of 1812 which it superseded the leading prin ciples established by it are to levy the taxes with a view to raise revenue and to impose them upon the articles impor ted according to their actual value the act of 1812 by the excessive rates of duty which it imposed on many articles either totally excluded them from impor tation or greatly reduced the amountim ported and thus diminished instead of producing revenue by it the taxes were imposed not tor the legitimate purpose of raising revenue but to afford advantages to favored classes at the expenses of a large majority of their fellow citizens those employed in agriculture mechani cal pursuits commerce and navigation were compelled to contribute from their substance to swell the profits and over grown wealth of the eomparativelv few who had invested their capital in manu factures the taxes were not levied in proportion to the value of the articles up on which they were imported ; but wide ly departing from this just rule and light er taxes were in many cases levied upon articlesof luxury and high price and the heavier taxes on those of nocessitv and low price consumed by the great mass of lhe people it was a system the inevita ble effect of which was to relieve favored classes and the wealthy few from contrib uting their just proportion for the support of government and to lay the burden on the labor of the many engaged in other pursuits than manufactures a system so unequal and unjust has been superseded by the existing law which impose duties not for the benefit or injury of classes or pursuits but distrib utes and as far a.s practicable equalizes the public burdens among all classes and occupations the favored classes who under the unequal and unjust system which has been repealed have heretofore realized large proiits and many of them amassed large fortunes at the expense of the many who have been made tributary o them will have no reason to complain il they shall be required to bear their just proportion of the taxes necessary lor the support of government so far from it it will be perceived by an examination of the existing law that discriminations in the rates of duty imposed within the rev alue principle have been retained in their favor the incidental aid against for eign competition which thev still enjoy gives them an advantage which no other pursuits possess but of this none others will complain because the duties levied arc necessary for revenue these reve i nue duties including freights and charges | which the importer must pay before he j can come in competition with the home manufacturer in our market amount on nearly all our leading branches of manu facture to more than one-third of the val ue of the imported article and in some cases lo almost one-half its value with such advantages it is not doubted that ' our domestic manuafacturers will con tinue to prosper realizing in well con ducted establishments even greater prof its than can be derived from any other regular business indeed so far from re quiring the protection of even incidental revenue duties our manufacturers in sev eral leading branches are extending their business giving evidence of great ingenui ty and skill and of their ability to com pete with increased prospect of success for the open market of the world do mestic manufactures to the value of sev eral millions of dollars which cannot find a market at home are annually exported to foreign countries with such rates of duty as those established by the existing law the system will probably be perma nent ; and capitalists who have made or shall hereafter make their investments in manufactures will know upon what to rely the country will be satisfied with these rates because the advantages which the manufacturers still enjoy result neces sarily from the collection of revenue for the support of government high pro tective duties from their unjust operation ; upon the masses of die people cannot fail to frive rise to extensive dissatisfaction and complaint and to constant efibrts to change or repeal them rendering all in vestments in manufactures uncertain and precarious lower and more permanent rates of duty at the same time that they will yield to the manufacturer fair and remunerating profits will secure him a ; gainst the clanger of frequent changes in ' the system which cannot fail to ruinously ; affect his interests j simultaneously with the relaxation of 1 the restrictive policy by thc united states great britain from whose example we de ; rived the system has relaxed hers she has modified her corn laws and reduced . many other duties to moderate revenue rates after ages of experience the states ; men of that country have been constrain ed by a public opinion having its deep foundation in the sufferings and wants of impoverished millions to abandon a sys tem the effect of which was to build up : immense fortunes in the hands of the few and to reduce the laboring millions to pauperism and misery nearly in the sajne ratio that labor was depressed ca pital was increased and concentrated by the british protective policy the evils of the system in great brit ain were at length rendered intolerable i and it has been abandoned but not with out a severe struggle on the part of the protected and favored classes to retain the : unjust advantages which they have so long enjoyed it was to be expected that a similar struggle would be made by the i same classes in the u states whenever | an attempt was made to modify or abolish i the same unjust system here the pro tective policy had been in operation in the u states lor much shorter period and its pernicious effects were not therefore so clearly perceived and felt enough however was known of these effects to induce its repeal it would be strange if in the face ofthe example of great britain our principal foreign customer and of the evils of a i system rendered manifest in that country â– by long and painful experience and in the face ofthe immense advunge-s which un der a more liberal commercial policy we are already deriving and must continue to derive by supplying her starving popula tion with food the u states should re store a policy which she has been com pelled to abandon and thus diminish her ability to purchase from us the food and other articles which she so much needs and we so much desire to sell by the simultaneous abandonment of the protective policy by great britain and the u states new and important mark ets have already been opened for our ag ricultural and other products commerce and navigation have received a new im pulse ; labor and trade have been releas ed from the artificial trammels which have so long fettered them ; and to a great extent reciprocity in the exchange of com modities has been introduced at the same time by both countries and greatly for the benefit of both great britain has been forced by the pressure of circumstances at home to abandon a policy which has been upheld for ages and to open her markets for our immense surplus of bread stuffs ; and it is confidently believed that other powers of europe will ultimately see thc wisdom if they be not compelled by the pauperism and sufferings of their crowded population to pursue a similar policy our farmers are more deeply interested in maintaining the just and liberal policy ofthe existing law than any other class of our citizens they constitute a large majority of our population ; and it is well known that when they prosper all other pursuits prosper also they have hereto fore not only received none of the boun ties or favors of government but by the unequal operations of the protective pol icy have been made by lhe burdens of taxation which it imposed to contribute to the bounties which have enriched oth ; ers when a foreign as well as a home mar ket is opened to them they must receive as they are now receiving increased pri ces for their products they will find a readier sale and at better prices for their ' wheat flour rice indian corn beef pork lard butler cheese and other articles which they produce the home market alone is inadequate to enable them to dis pose of the immense surplus of food and other articles which they are capable of producing even at the most reduced pri ces for the manifest reason that they can not be consumed in the country the j united states can from their immense surplus supply not only the home demand ; but the deficiencies of food required by the whole world i that the reduced production of some of the chief articles of food in great britain and other parts of europe may have con tributed to increase the demand for our breadstuffs and provisions is not doubted but that the great and efficient cause of this increased demand and of increased prices consists in the removal of artificial j restrictions heretofore imposed is deemed to be equally certain that our exports t of food already increased and increasing beyond former example under the more ; liberal policy which has been adopted : will be still vastly enlarged unless they > be checked or prevented by a restoration | of the protective policy cannot be doubted i that our commercial and navigating in i terests will be enlarged in a correspond i ing ratio with the increase of our trade ; is equally certain ; while our manufactur j ing interests will be the favored interests of the country and receive the incidental protection afforded them by revenue du ties ; and more than this they cannot just j ly demand in my annual message of de ; cember last a tariff of revenue duties bas i ed upon the principles ofthe existing law | was recommended ; and i have seen no j reason to change the opinions then ex pressed in view ofthe probable benefi : cial affects of that law 1 recommend that j the policy established by it be maintained . it has but just commenced to operate and ; to abandon or modify it without giving it ! a fair trial would be inexpedient and un ! wise should defects in any of its details | be ascertained by actual experience to i exist these may he hereafter corrected ; i but until such defects shall become mani ; fest the act should be fairly tested it is submitted for your consideration . whether it may not be proper as a war i measure to impose revenue duties on i some of the articles now embraced in the ; free list should it be deemed proper to impose such duties with a view to raise ; revenue to meet the expenses of the war with mexico or to avoid to that extent ! the creation of a public debt they may be j repealed when the emergency which gave rise to them shall cease to exist and con j stitule no part ofthe permanent policy of ; the countiy i the act of the sixth of august last " to ; provide for the better organization of the i treasury and for the collection safe keep ; ing transfer and disbursement of the pub ; lie revenue has been carried intoexecu | tion as rapidly as the delay necessarily ' arising out of the appointment of new of ficers taking and approving their bonds j and preparing and securing proper money i would permit it is not proposed to de part in any respect from the principles or policy on which this great measure is : founded there are however defects in | the details ot the measure developed by ; its practical operation which are fully set forth in the report of the secretary of â€¢â– the treasury to which the attention of congress is invited these defects would impair to some extent the successful ope ration ofthe law at all times but are es pecially embarrassing when the country is engaged in a war when the expendi tures are greatly increased wdien loans are to be effected and the disbursements : are to be made at points many hundred miles distant in some cases from any de pository and a large portion of them in a foreign country the modifications sug gested in the report of the secretary of the treasury are recommended to your favorable consideration in connexion with this subject i invite your attention to the importance of estab lishing a branch ofthe mint of the united states at new york two-thirds of the revenue derived from customs being col lected at that point the demand for spe cie to pay the duties will be large ; and a branch mint where foreign coin and bullion could be immediately converted into american coin would greatly facili tate the transaction of ihe public business enlarge the circulation of gold and silver and be at the same time a safe deposito . ry ofthe public money the importance of graduating and re ducing the price of such of the public lands as have been long offered in the market at the minimum rate authorized by existing laws and remain unsold in duces me again to recommend the sub ject to your favorable consideration ma ny millions of acres of these lands have . been offered in the market for more than thirty years and larger quantities for more than ten or twenty years and being of an inferior quality they must remain un saleable for an indefinite period unless the price at which they may be purchas ed shall be reduced to place a price u pj>n them above their real value is not only to prevent their sale and thereby de prive the treasury of anv income irom tiiat source but is unjust to the states in which they he because it retards iheir growth and increase of population and because they have no power to lew a tax upon them as upon other lands within he ln.ted states for the support of their local governments the beneficial effe.ctsof lhe graduation principle have been realized by some of the states owning the lands within their nuts in which it has been adopted lhey have been demonstrated also bv the l nited states acting as the trust o'fthe chickasaw tribe of indians in the sale of their lands lying within the states of mis sissippi and alabama the chickasaw lands which would not command in the market the minimum price established by the laws ofthe united states for the safe of their lands were in pursuance of the treaty of 1831 with that tribe subsequent ly oilered for sale at graduated and re duced rates for limited periods the re sult was that large quantities of these lands were purchased which would oth erwise have remained unsold the lands were disposed of at their real value and many persons of limited means were en abled to purchase small tracts upon which they have settled with their families : that similar results would be produced ; by the adoption of the graduation policy i by the united states in all the states in which they are the owners of large bodies â– ol lands which have been long in the mar ; ket cannot be doubted it cannot be a i sound policy to withhold large quantities | ofthe public lands from the use and oc cupation of our citizen by fixing upon ; them prices which experience has shown j they will not command on the contrary j it is a wise policy to afford facilities lo oui citizens to become the owners at low am moderate rates of freeholds of their own j instead of being the tenants and depend i ants of others if it be apprehended thai ; these lands if reduced in price would be ; secured in large quantities by speculators ; and capitalists the sales may be restrict j ed in limited quantities to actual settlers ; or persons purchasing for purposes of cub i tivation ! in my last annual message i submitter i for the consideration of congress the pre j sent system of managing the mineral land j of the united states and recommended i that they should be brought into market â– and sold upon such terms and under sucl ! restrictions as congress might prescribe | by the act of the eleventh of july last 1 " the reserved lead mines and contiguous ; lands in the states of illinois and arkan ; sas and territories of wisconsin ant iowa were authorized to be sold the | act is confined in its operation to " lcac ; mines and contiguous lands a large portion ofthe public lands con . taming copper and other ores is represen j ted to be very valuable and i recommenc ; that provision be made authorising tin i sale of these lands upon such terms ant conditions as their supposed value may | in the judgment of congress be deemec advisable having due regard to tlie in terests of such of our citizens as mav b located upon them j it will be important during your pre sent session lo establish a territorial gov eminent and to extend the jurisdiction ant ' laws of the united states over the tcrri 'â– tory of oregon our laws regulatinj trade and intercourse with the india iribes east of the rocky mountains shouli be extended to the pacific ocean ; and fo the purpose of executing them and pre serving friendly relations with the india tribes within our limits,anadditional nun ber of indian agencies will be required and should be authorized by law thi establishment of custom-houses and po oliices and post roads and provision fo the transportation of the mail on sucl routes as the public convenience will uz gest require legislative authority it will l be proper also to establish a surveyoi general's office in that territory and u make the necessary provision for survey ing the public lands and bringing therr into market as our citizens who now reside in the distant region have been sub jected to many hardships privasions and sacrifices in their emigration and by theii improvements have enhanced the value of the public lands in the neighborhood of their settlements it is recommended that liberal grants be made to them ot such portions of these lands as ihey may occupy and that simular grant or rights of pre-emption be made to all who may emigrate thither within a limited period to be prescribed by law the report c-^the secretary of war con tains detailed information relative to the several branch of lhe public service con nected with that department the ope rations of the army have been of a satis factory and highly'gratifying character i recommend to your early and favora ble consideration the measures proposed by the secretarv of war for speedy filling up the rank and file of the regular army for its greater efficiency in the field and for raising an additional force to serve during the war with mexico embarrassment is likely to arise for wanl of legal provisions authorising com pensation to be made to the agents em ployed in the several states and territo ries to pay the revolutionary nnd olher pensioners tbe amounts allowed them by law your attention is invited to the re commendations of thc secretary of war on this subject these agents incur hea vy responsibilities and perform important duties and no reason exists why they should not be placed on lhe same fooling as to compensation with other disbursing oilicers our relations with tiie various indian tribes continue to be of a pacific charac ter the unhappy dissent ions which have existed among tiie cherokees for many years past have been healed since my last annual message important treaties have been negotiated with some of the tribes by which the indian title to large tracts of valuable land within the limits of the states and territories has been ex tinguished and arrangements made lor removing them to the country west ofthe mississippi between three and four thou sand of different tribes have been re moved to tin country provided for them by treaty stipulations and arrangt moots have been made for others to follow in our intercourse with these vend tribes particular attention has bei n given to ihe important subject of education the num ber ol schools established among them has been increased and additional means provided not only for teaching them the rudiments ol education but of instructing them in agriculture and mechanic a i refer you to the report ol the secretary ot the navy lor a satisfactory view oi the operations of the department under his charge during the past year it is grati fying to perceive that while the war with mexico lias rendered it necessary to employ an unusual number of our armed vessels on her coasts the protection due to our commerce in other quarters of the world 1ms not proved insufficient no means will be spared to give efficiency to the naval service in the prosecution of the war and i am happy to know thai the officers and men anxiously desire to de vote themselves to the service of their country in any enterprise however diffi cult of execution i recommend to ynurfavoral e consideration the proposition to add to each of our foreign squadrons un efficient sea steam r and us es pectally demanding attention ilu establishment at pensacola of the necessary means of repair ingand refitting tbe vessels of the navy em ployed in tin gulf of mexico then are other suggestions ia lhe report which deserve and i doubt not will receive yum consideration . til ; p'ogress and con lit inn of the mail r vice forthe pasl year are fully presented in t e report ol the postmastei general the reve nue lor lhe year ending on he thirtieth ol june last am united to three million four iimt ire i and eighty seven thousan ! one hundred an i ninety nine dollars which is cighl hundred and two thousand six hundred ami ibrty-lw . dollars and forty-five cents jess than that of the pi eding year the payments fur that department i\z ring the same time amounted to four million eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety seven dollars and twenty-two cents jf this sum live hundred and ninety seven thousand and ninety-seven dollars and eighty rents hue heen drawn from lhe treasury the disburse incuts lor the year v.cre two hundred and ihirty six thousand fun hundred and thirty ti ui <!..! lars seventy-seven cents less lhan those of the receding year while the disbursements have heen thus diminished the jj facilities have been enlarged by new mail routes f five thou sand seven hundred and thirty-nine miles an increase of transportation of one million seven hundred and sixty-four thousand one hundred and forty-five miles aad the establishment of four hundred and eighteen new post otlices contractors postmasters and oth rs engaged iu this branch of the service have performed iheir duties with energy and faithfulness de serving commendation for many interesting details connected with the operations of ihis establishment you are referred to th report of die postmaster general and his - fgestions tor improving its revenue are recommended to your favorable consideration i i peat the opin ion expressed in my last annual message that the business of this department shou i he so regulated that the revenues derived from it should he made to equal lhe expenditures ; and it is believed that ihis may be di ne by proper modifications of the present laws as suggested in the report of lhe poslmastor general with out changing the presenl rates ol postage with full reliance upoti the wisdom and pat riotism of your deliberations ii wiil he mv du ly as it will be my anxious desire lo co-ope rate wilh you in every constitutional cllhrt to promote the welfare and maintain the honor of our commmon count rv james k polk wasiiingtox dec -, 1846 interesting from tiii pa trie â€” capturi of a alexiran brig if war â€” the st louis republican savs : a letter written in one of the vessels belonging to i!m blockading squad ron in the paci/lc of lie 9ih september â– i mazatlan says " a few days incr lieut radford in tho command of sixty men in ihe hoats of ihe 1'iii ted states hip warren mi â€” d within musket shot ot'a two containing 5 oi 6000 inhabitants and a garrison of s00 soldier i mex ican armed brig in day light,and brought her out ofthe harbor â€” thus making a prize of her in the face of the enemy so unexpected was ihe attack and it was executed with so much rapidity audacity lhat before the troops recov ered from iheir surprise lhe gallant officer bed her under the gens ofthe war an 1 safe from at tempi at recapture she i a beautiful brio â€” ihe malek-adhel lhe mexicans ca her â€” and wiil he of much service tu she i re markahle as a fine sailer the new vork courier says lhat the officer of our gallant little navy attach | ' â– he gulf squadron have with that magnanimity which is characteri-tic of iheir profession determined to present all the pri money now due them to ibe widow of lieut charles w morris the of f-cer who ieii at the attack o m ti hasco at ihe recent municipal election in saraa nah tiie whig ticket succeeded bi in average majority of 1 it rates

â€ž. ,, .,.. per annum in advance tcr rsqu refonlefi re t lveii ' ' ., cou rt or '.,-, .... â– hsu * luent inseruon ffildents message concluded i . ,! :\ * secretary of ti e annual report oi â€¢Â» â€¢ he treasury will exhiw a detailed state < ' l ndi no d of the finances ihe i p â€¢" . rear ending on the f^vritxt were of the value of i 11 ; 1 j tv ( m mum six Â«Â« hu Â» d z\l nine.v-one thousand nine : oi which the amount xntrted " as Â« 1 ' vrn million three hun '.^ ", - x thousand six hundred ' ! '| .',',, â– dollars leaving the a retained in the country for domes irnpiion one hundred and ten trilli on i an i forty-five thousand and seventy-fourdollars.^the . exports fur the same period e hundred and thirty million four â– thousand live een dollars ; of which . two million one hundred l v-one thousand eight hundred and three dollars consisted of domestic us a i i eh 1 ii miliio three hun y-six thousand six hundred lollars of foreign articles i i?o the treasury for the â€¢ u enty-nine million four | i.i :.*â– ; \ nine thousand two 1 , ji l t rty-seven dollars and six . there was derived from . million seven hundred .,.,'â€¢,- â€¢- * hundred and sixty _ ity-seven cents from nds two million six-hun four thousand four huii -. two dollars and forty eight n incidental and miscellane ninety-two thousand one hun 1 twenty-six dollars and seventy ts the expenditures for the same were twenty-eight million thirty usand one hundred and fourteen and wi nty cents and thi 1 balance treasury on the lirst day of july last traa nine million one hundred and twenty i four hundred and thirty-nine eighl events the amount of the public debt includ isury notes on the lirst of the pre inth was twenty-four million two i and fifty-six thousand four hun red ami ninety-four dollars and sixty cts of which tho sum of seventeen million men hundred and eighty-eight thousand mu hundred and ninety-nine dollars and sixty-two rents was outstanding on the i nf march 1845 leaving the amount i ! since that time six million four ibondred and sixty-seven thousand six hun dred and ninety-four dollars and ninety eight cents \\\ order to prosecute the war with mex ico with vigor and energy as the best f bringing it to a speedy and hon orable termination a further loan will be try to meet the expenditures for the and the next fiscal years if the war should he continued until the thirtieth of june 1848 being the end oi ihe next fiscal year â€” ir is estimated that an addi : onal loan of twenty-three millions of dol !-.*- will be required this estimate is made upon ihe assumption that it will be try to retain constantly in the trea sury four millions of dollars to guard a gainsl contingencies if such surplus were no required to be retained then a loan of nineteen millions of dollars would mi if however congress should at the present session impose a revenue n the principal articles now em n the free list it is estimated that tional annual revenue of about two * and a half amounting it is esti mated on the thirtieth of june 134**j to llions of dollars would be derived irom that source and the loan required â€¢ reduced by that amount t is tl ils 0 . that should congress grad uate n reduce the nice of such of the tnds as have been longin the mark additional revenue derived from that source would he annually for sever uyears to come between half a million million of dollars and the loan re ma be reduced by that amount al so should these measures be adopted i required would not probably ex ceed eighteen or nineteen millions ol dol ms*â€”leaving in the treasury a constant of four millions of dollars the joan proposed it is estimated will be suf icieut lo cover the necessary oxpendi t ires both for the war and for all other purposes up to the thirtieth of june is :*-;. afll an amount of this loan not exceeding ra;l y he required duii.u the pres p "'- ti-cal year and the grealer part of remainder during the li.st half ofthe year succeeding in order that timely notice may be giv fn - and proper measures taken to effect : - e loan.or such portion ot it as mav be 1 . â€¢;'â€¢' ! *. it is important the.t the authori ty ofthe congress to make it he given at j-nearh period of v our present session ' ggested that tiie loan should be tracted lur a period of twenty years uh authority to purchase the stock and kv toll at an early period at its mark f * value out ot any surplus which mav at fny nme be in the treasury applicable to afterthe establishment of r*ee with mexieo it is supposed that a jjtosiderable surplus will exist and that â– â– â€¢" b may he extinguished in a much porter period than that lor which it may the p eriod 0 f twenty years Â£ that for which the proposed loan may in preference to a shorter t-i'r-p i s su s ested * because all experi v Â«â€¢ both at home and abroad has shown lerm are effec,ed u i 0 i niuch better upo ion time than when thev are t iin e i ss i r - v as this neasur e is to sos xiuntrv 3 and the lnterests ot * the ov , ,, en i s 1 aged , n i fore gn war it is the carolina watchman bruxer & james / â€ž,., , â€ž } " keep a chkck upon all your eduors ty proprietors \ ls safs Â» rflht doth,s,amjl berty \ series gen'l harrison Â£ number 3o of volume iii salisbury n c friday december725 1846 " ~~ the balance in the treasury on the first ' of july last exceeded nine millions of dol lars notwitstanding considerable expen ditures had been madeforthe war during the mouths of may and june preceding but for fhe war the whole public debt could and would have been extinguished within a short period and it was a part of my settled policy to do so and thus re lieve the people from ils burden and place lhe government in a position which would enable it to reduce the public expendi tures to that economical standard which is most consistent with the general wel fare and the pure and wholesome pro gress of our institutions among our just causes of complaint a gainst mexico arising out of her refusal ; to treat for peace as well before as since the war so unjustly commenced on her part are the extraordinary expenditures in which we have been involved jus tice to our own people will make it prop er that mexico should be held responsi ble for these expenditures economy in the public expenditures is at all times a high duty which all public functionaries of the government owe to the people this duty becomes the more imperative in a period of war when large and extraordinary expenditures become unavoidable during the existence ofthe war with mexico all our resources should be husbanded and noappropriations made except such as are absolutely necessary for its vigorous prosecution and the due administration of the government ob jects of appropriation which in peace may be deemed useful or proper but which are not indispensable for the public ser vice may when the country is engaged in a foreign war be well postponed to a future period by the observance of this policy at your present session large a mounts may be saved to the treasury and be applied to objects of pressing and ur gent necessity and thus the creation of a corresponding amount of public debt may be avoided it is not meant to recommend that the ordinary and necessary appropriations for the support of government should be with held but it i.s well known that at every session of congress appropriationsare pro pi si-d for numerous objects which may or may not be made without materially af fecting the public interests and these it is recommended should not be granted the act passed at your last session " re ducing the duties on imports not having gone into operation until the first of the present month has not been time for its practical effect upon the revenue and the business ofthe country be developed it is not doubted however that the just pol icy which it adopts will add largely to our foreign trade and promote the gener al prosperity although it cannot be cer tainly foreseen what amount of revenue it will yield.it is estimated that it will ex ceed that produced by the act of 1812 which it superseded the leading prin ciples established by it are to levy the taxes with a view to raise revenue and to impose them upon the articles impor ted according to their actual value the act of 1812 by the excessive rates of duty which it imposed on many articles either totally excluded them from impor tation or greatly reduced the amountim ported and thus diminished instead of producing revenue by it the taxes were imposed not tor the legitimate purpose of raising revenue but to afford advantages to favored classes at the expenses of a large majority of their fellow citizens those employed in agriculture mechani cal pursuits commerce and navigation were compelled to contribute from their substance to swell the profits and over grown wealth of the eomparativelv few who had invested their capital in manu factures the taxes were not levied in proportion to the value of the articles up on which they were imported ; but wide ly departing from this just rule and light er taxes were in many cases levied upon articlesof luxury and high price and the heavier taxes on those of nocessitv and low price consumed by the great mass of lhe people it was a system the inevita ble effect of which was to relieve favored classes and the wealthy few from contrib uting their just proportion for the support of government and to lay the burden on the labor of the many engaged in other pursuits than manufactures a system so unequal and unjust has been superseded by the existing law which impose duties not for the benefit or injury of classes or pursuits but distrib utes and as far a.s practicable equalizes the public burdens among all classes and occupations the favored classes who under the unequal and unjust system which has been repealed have heretofore realized large proiits and many of them amassed large fortunes at the expense of the many who have been made tributary o them will have no reason to complain il they shall be required to bear their just proportion of the taxes necessary lor the support of government so far from it it will be perceived by an examination of the existing law that discriminations in the rates of duty imposed within the rev alue principle have been retained in their favor the incidental aid against for eign competition which thev still enjoy gives them an advantage which no other pursuits possess but of this none others will complain because the duties levied arc necessary for revenue these reve i nue duties including freights and charges | which the importer must pay before he j can come in competition with the home manufacturer in our market amount on nearly all our leading branches of manu facture to more than one-third of the val ue of the imported article and in some cases lo almost one-half its value with such advantages it is not doubted that ' our domestic manuafacturers will con tinue to prosper realizing in well con ducted establishments even greater prof its than can be derived from any other regular business indeed so far from re quiring the protection of even incidental revenue duties our manufacturers in sev eral leading branches are extending their business giving evidence of great ingenui ty and skill and of their ability to com pete with increased prospect of success for the open market of the world do mestic manufactures to the value of sev eral millions of dollars which cannot find a market at home are annually exported to foreign countries with such rates of duty as those established by the existing law the system will probably be perma nent ; and capitalists who have made or shall hereafter make their investments in manufactures will know upon what to rely the country will be satisfied with these rates because the advantages which the manufacturers still enjoy result neces sarily from the collection of revenue for the support of government high pro tective duties from their unjust operation ; upon the masses of die people cannot fail to frive rise to extensive dissatisfaction and complaint and to constant efibrts to change or repeal them rendering all in vestments in manufactures uncertain and precarious lower and more permanent rates of duty at the same time that they will yield to the manufacturer fair and remunerating profits will secure him a ; gainst the clanger of frequent changes in ' the system which cannot fail to ruinously ; affect his interests j simultaneously with the relaxation of 1 the restrictive policy by thc united states great britain from whose example we de ; rived the system has relaxed hers she has modified her corn laws and reduced . many other duties to moderate revenue rates after ages of experience the states ; men of that country have been constrain ed by a public opinion having its deep foundation in the sufferings and wants of impoverished millions to abandon a sys tem the effect of which was to build up : immense fortunes in the hands of the few and to reduce the laboring millions to pauperism and misery nearly in the sajne ratio that labor was depressed ca pital was increased and concentrated by the british protective policy the evils of the system in great brit ain were at length rendered intolerable i and it has been abandoned but not with out a severe struggle on the part of the protected and favored classes to retain the : unjust advantages which they have so long enjoyed it was to be expected that a similar struggle would be made by the i same classes in the u states whenever | an attempt was made to modify or abolish i the same unjust system here the pro tective policy had been in operation in the u states lor much shorter period and its pernicious effects were not therefore so clearly perceived and felt enough however was known of these effects to induce its repeal it would be strange if in the face ofthe example of great britain our principal foreign customer and of the evils of a i system rendered manifest in that country â– by long and painful experience and in the face ofthe immense advunge-s which un der a more liberal commercial policy we are already deriving and must continue to derive by supplying her starving popula tion with food the u states should re store a policy which she has been com pelled to abandon and thus diminish her ability to purchase from us the food and other articles which she so much needs and we so much desire to sell by the simultaneous abandonment of the protective policy by great britain and the u states new and important mark ets have already been opened for our ag ricultural and other products commerce and navigation have received a new im pulse ; labor and trade have been releas ed from the artificial trammels which have so long fettered them ; and to a great extent reciprocity in the exchange of com modities has been introduced at the same time by both countries and greatly for the benefit of both great britain has been forced by the pressure of circumstances at home to abandon a policy which has been upheld for ages and to open her markets for our immense surplus of bread stuffs ; and it is confidently believed that other powers of europe will ultimately see thc wisdom if they be not compelled by the pauperism and sufferings of their crowded population to pursue a similar policy our farmers are more deeply interested in maintaining the just and liberal policy ofthe existing law than any other class of our citizens they constitute a large majority of our population ; and it is well known that when they prosper all other pursuits prosper also they have hereto fore not only received none of the boun ties or favors of government but by the unequal operations of the protective pol icy have been made by lhe burdens of taxation which it imposed to contribute to the bounties which have enriched oth ; ers when a foreign as well as a home mar ket is opened to them they must receive as they are now receiving increased pri ces for their products they will find a readier sale and at better prices for their ' wheat flour rice indian corn beef pork lard butler cheese and other articles which they produce the home market alone is inadequate to enable them to dis pose of the immense surplus of food and other articles which they are capable of producing even at the most reduced pri ces for the manifest reason that they can not be consumed in the country the j united states can from their immense surplus supply not only the home demand ; but the deficiencies of food required by the whole world i that the reduced production of some of the chief articles of food in great britain and other parts of europe may have con tributed to increase the demand for our breadstuffs and provisions is not doubted but that the great and efficient cause of this increased demand and of increased prices consists in the removal of artificial j restrictions heretofore imposed is deemed to be equally certain that our exports t of food already increased and increasing beyond former example under the more ; liberal policy which has been adopted : will be still vastly enlarged unless they > be checked or prevented by a restoration | of the protective policy cannot be doubted i that our commercial and navigating in i terests will be enlarged in a correspond i ing ratio with the increase of our trade ; is equally certain ; while our manufactur j ing interests will be the favored interests of the country and receive the incidental protection afforded them by revenue du ties ; and more than this they cannot just j ly demand in my annual message of de ; cember last a tariff of revenue duties bas i ed upon the principles ofthe existing law | was recommended ; and i have seen no j reason to change the opinions then ex pressed in view ofthe probable benefi : cial affects of that law 1 recommend that j the policy established by it be maintained . it has but just commenced to operate and ; to abandon or modify it without giving it ! a fair trial would be inexpedient and un ! wise should defects in any of its details | be ascertained by actual experience to i exist these may he hereafter corrected ; i but until such defects shall become mani ; fest the act should be fairly tested it is submitted for your consideration . whether it may not be proper as a war i measure to impose revenue duties on i some of the articles now embraced in the ; free list should it be deemed proper to impose such duties with a view to raise ; revenue to meet the expenses of the war with mexico or to avoid to that extent ! the creation of a public debt they may be j repealed when the emergency which gave rise to them shall cease to exist and con j stitule no part ofthe permanent policy of ; the countiy i the act of the sixth of august last " to ; provide for the better organization of the i treasury and for the collection safe keep ; ing transfer and disbursement of the pub ; lie revenue has been carried intoexecu | tion as rapidly as the delay necessarily ' arising out of the appointment of new of ficers taking and approving their bonds j and preparing and securing proper money i would permit it is not proposed to de part in any respect from the principles or policy on which this great measure is : founded there are however defects in | the details ot the measure developed by ; its practical operation which are fully set forth in the report of the secretary of â€¢â– the treasury to which the attention of congress is invited these defects would impair to some extent the successful ope ration ofthe law at all times but are es pecially embarrassing when the country is engaged in a war when the expendi tures are greatly increased wdien loans are to be effected and the disbursements : are to be made at points many hundred miles distant in some cases from any de pository and a large portion of them in a foreign country the modifications sug gested in the report of the secretary of the treasury are recommended to your favorable consideration in connexion with this subject i invite your attention to the importance of estab lishing a branch ofthe mint of the united states at new york two-thirds of the revenue derived from customs being col lected at that point the demand for spe cie to pay the duties will be large ; and a branch mint where foreign coin and bullion could be immediately converted into american coin would greatly facili tate the transaction of ihe public business enlarge the circulation of gold and silver and be at the same time a safe deposito . ry ofthe public money the importance of graduating and re ducing the price of such of the public lands as have been long offered in the market at the minimum rate authorized by existing laws and remain unsold in duces me again to recommend the sub ject to your favorable consideration ma ny millions of acres of these lands have . been offered in the market for more than thirty years and larger quantities for more than ten or twenty years and being of an inferior quality they must remain un saleable for an indefinite period unless the price at which they may be purchas ed shall be reduced to place a price u pj>n them above their real value is not only to prevent their sale and thereby de prive the treasury of anv income irom tiiat source but is unjust to the states in which they he because it retards iheir growth and increase of population and because they have no power to lew a tax upon them as upon other lands within he ln.ted states for the support of their local governments the beneficial effe.ctsof lhe graduation principle have been realized by some of the states owning the lands within their nuts in which it has been adopted lhey have been demonstrated also bv the l nited states acting as the trust o'fthe chickasaw tribe of indians in the sale of their lands lying within the states of mis sissippi and alabama the chickasaw lands which would not command in the market the minimum price established by the laws ofthe united states for the safe of their lands were in pursuance of the treaty of 1831 with that tribe subsequent ly oilered for sale at graduated and re duced rates for limited periods the re sult was that large quantities of these lands were purchased which would oth erwise have remained unsold the lands were disposed of at their real value and many persons of limited means were en abled to purchase small tracts upon which they have settled with their families : that similar results would be produced ; by the adoption of the graduation policy i by the united states in all the states in which they are the owners of large bodies â– ol lands which have been long in the mar ; ket cannot be doubted it cannot be a i sound policy to withhold large quantities | ofthe public lands from the use and oc cupation of our citizen by fixing upon ; them prices which experience has shown j they will not command on the contrary j it is a wise policy to afford facilities lo oui citizens to become the owners at low am moderate rates of freeholds of their own j instead of being the tenants and depend i ants of others if it be apprehended thai ; these lands if reduced in price would be ; secured in large quantities by speculators ; and capitalists the sales may be restrict j ed in limited quantities to actual settlers ; or persons purchasing for purposes of cub i tivation ! in my last annual message i submitter i for the consideration of congress the pre j sent system of managing the mineral land j of the united states and recommended i that they should be brought into market â– and sold upon such terms and under sucl ! restrictions as congress might prescribe | by the act of the eleventh of july last 1 " the reserved lead mines and contiguous ; lands in the states of illinois and arkan ; sas and territories of wisconsin ant iowa were authorized to be sold the | act is confined in its operation to " lcac ; mines and contiguous lands a large portion ofthe public lands con . taming copper and other ores is represen j ted to be very valuable and i recommenc ; that provision be made authorising tin i sale of these lands upon such terms ant conditions as their supposed value may | in the judgment of congress be deemec advisable having due regard to tlie in terests of such of our citizens as mav b located upon them j it will be important during your pre sent session lo establish a territorial gov eminent and to extend the jurisdiction ant ' laws of the united states over the tcrri 'â– tory of oregon our laws regulatinj trade and intercourse with the india iribes east of the rocky mountains shouli be extended to the pacific ocean ; and fo the purpose of executing them and pre serving friendly relations with the india tribes within our limits,anadditional nun ber of indian agencies will be required and should be authorized by law thi establishment of custom-houses and po oliices and post roads and provision fo the transportation of the mail on sucl routes as the public convenience will uz gest require legislative authority it will l be proper also to establish a surveyoi general's office in that territory and u make the necessary provision for survey ing the public lands and bringing therr into market as our citizens who now reside in the distant region have been sub jected to many hardships privasions and sacrifices in their emigration and by theii improvements have enhanced the value of the public lands in the neighborhood of their settlements it is recommended that liberal grants be made to them ot such portions of these lands as ihey may occupy and that simular grant or rights of pre-emption be made to all who may emigrate thither within a limited period to be prescribed by law the report c-^the secretary of war con tains detailed information relative to the several branch of lhe public service con nected with that department the ope rations of the army have been of a satis factory and highly'gratifying character i recommend to your early and favora ble consideration the measures proposed by the secretarv of war for speedy filling up the rank and file of the regular army for its greater efficiency in the field and for raising an additional force to serve during the war with mexico embarrassment is likely to arise for wanl of legal provisions authorising com pensation to be made to the agents em ployed in the several states and territo ries to pay the revolutionary nnd olher pensioners tbe amounts allowed them by law your attention is invited to the re commendations of thc secretary of war on this subject these agents incur hea vy responsibilities and perform important duties and no reason exists why they should not be placed on lhe same fooling as to compensation with other disbursing oilicers our relations with tiie various indian tribes continue to be of a pacific charac ter the unhappy dissent ions which have existed among tiie cherokees for many years past have been healed since my last annual message important treaties have been negotiated with some of the tribes by which the indian title to large tracts of valuable land within the limits of the states and territories has been ex tinguished and arrangements made lor removing them to the country west ofthe mississippi between three and four thou sand of different tribes have been re moved to tin country provided for them by treaty stipulations and arrangt moots have been made for others to follow in our intercourse with these vend tribes particular attention has bei n given to ihe important subject of education the num ber ol schools established among them has been increased and additional means provided not only for teaching them the rudiments ol education but of instructing them in agriculture and mechanic a i refer you to the report ol the secretary ot the navy lor a satisfactory view oi the operations of the department under his charge during the past year it is grati fying to perceive that while the war with mexico lias rendered it necessary to employ an unusual number of our armed vessels on her coasts the protection due to our commerce in other quarters of the world 1ms not proved insufficient no means will be spared to give efficiency to the naval service in the prosecution of the war and i am happy to know thai the officers and men anxiously desire to de vote themselves to the service of their country in any enterprise however diffi cult of execution i recommend to ynurfavoral e consideration the proposition to add to each of our foreign squadrons un efficient sea steam r and us es pectally demanding attention ilu establishment at pensacola of the necessary means of repair ingand refitting tbe vessels of the navy em ployed in tin gulf of mexico then are other suggestions ia lhe report which deserve and i doubt not will receive yum consideration . til ; p'ogress and con lit inn of the mail r vice forthe pasl year are fully presented in t e report ol the postmastei general the reve nue lor lhe year ending on he thirtieth ol june last am united to three million four iimt ire i and eighty seven thousan ! one hundred an i ninety nine dollars which is cighl hundred and two thousand six hundred ami ibrty-lw . dollars and forty-five cents jess than that of the pi eding year the payments fur that department i\z ring the same time amounted to four million eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety seven dollars and twenty-two cents jf this sum live hundred and ninety seven thousand and ninety-seven dollars and eighty rents hue heen drawn from lhe treasury the disburse incuts lor the year v.cre two hundred and ihirty six thousand fun hundred and thirty ti ui