{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/894849"], "description"=>"<p>The initial cull is either 40% (top and middle rows) or 50% (bottom row), and the subsequent harvests are either the maximum offtake that incurred no extinctions in 20 runs following a 40% cull (top and bottom rows) or the minimum that produced 20 extinctions in 20 runs following a 40% cull (middle row). In the absence of sport hunting, the stable population size in these simulations is 527 reproductive females (indicated by the heavy black line in each graph); a 40% reduction in population size is indicated by blue lines, a 50% reduction by red lines. Each column represents a different harvest strategy: male only (left column), males and females (middle) and female only (right). Demographic parameters are set as in <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005941#pone-0005941-g001\" target=\"_blank\">Fig. 1</a>; quotas allow offtake of animals as young as 2 yrs; each graph shows outputs from 20 runs.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["cougar", "populations", "subjected", "cull", "followed", "offtakes", "50"], "article_id"=>565291, "categories"=>["Ecology"], "users"=>["Craig Packer", "Margaret Kosmala", "Hilary S. Cooley", "Henry Brink", "Lilian Pintea", "David Garshelis", "Gianetta Purchase", "Megan Strauss", "Alexandra Swanson", "Guy Balme", "Luke Hunter", "Kristin Nowell"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005941.g004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Simulated_cougar_populations_subjected_to_an_initial_cull_followed_by_fixed_offtakes_for_50_yrs_/565291", "title"=>"Simulated cougar populations subjected to an initial cull followed by fixed offtakes for 50 yrs.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2009-06-17 01:28:11"}

{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/443172", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/443202", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/443236", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/443287", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/443335"], "description"=>"<div><p>Sport hunting has provided important economic incentives for conserving large predators since the early 1970's, but wildlife managers also face substantial pressure to reduce depredation. Sport hunting is an inherently risky strategy for controlling predators as carnivore populations are difficult to monitor and some species show a propensity for infanticide that is exacerbated by removing adult males. Simulation models predict population declines from even moderate levels of hunting in infanticidal species, and harvest data suggest that African countries and U.S. states with the highest intensity of sport hunting have shown the steepest population declines in African lions and cougars over the past 25 yrs. Similar effects in African leopards may have been masked by mesopredator release owing to declines in sympatric lion populations, whereas there is no evidence of overhunting in non-infanticidal populations of American black bears. Effective conservation of these animals will require new harvest strategies and improved monitoring to counter demands for predator control by livestock producers and local communities.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["carnivores"], "article_id"=>147353, "categories"=>["Ecology"], "users"=>["Craig Packer", "Margaret Kosmala", "Hilary S. Cooley", "Henry Brink", "Lilian Pintea", "David Garshelis", "Gianetta Purchase", "Megan Strauss", "Alexandra Swanson", "Guy Balme", "Luke Hunter", "Kristin Nowell"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005941.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005941.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005941.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005941.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005941.s005"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>12, "page_views"=>15, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Sport_Hunting_Predator_Control_and_Conservation_of_Large_Carnivores/147353", "title"=>"Sport Hunting, Predator Control and Conservation of Large Carnivores", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2009-06-17 02:02:33"}