Crohn's Disease

Definition

Crohn's disease is a severe, chronic inflammatory bowel disease. It causes inflammation,
ulcers, and bleeding in the digestive tract. It usually affects the end portion of the small intestine called the ileum. However, any part of the digestive tract can be affected, from the mouth to the anus.

Causes

The cause of Crohn's disease is not known.
Inflammatory bowel diseases,
such as
ulcerative colitis
and Crohn's disease, seem to run in some families. Some researchers think that it is due to a reaction to a virus or bacteria that causes the immune system to overreact and damage the intestines.

Risk Factors

People of Jewish heritage are more likely to get Crohn's disease. Your risk may also be increased if you have family members with inflammatory bowel disease or other autoimmune diseases.

A biopsy may be taken during some of the these tests. A biopsy is a sample of the intestinal tissue that can be examined under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment may include:

Dietary Changes

Your doctor may advise that you avoid foods that trigger symptoms.
These foods are different for each person. They may include:

Dairy foods due to lactose intolerance

Highly seasoned foods

High-fiber foods

Medications

There are many types of medications that are used to treat Crohn's disease. Examples of these medications include:

Aminosalicylate medications, such as
sulfasalazine,
mesalamine,
and olsalazine

Anti-inflammatory medications, such as
prednisone,
methylprednisolone,
and budesonide

Immune modifiers, such as
azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine,
and methotrexate

TNF inhibitors, such as
infliximab,
adalimumab,
and certolizumab

Antibiotics, such as
metronidazole,
ampicillin,
and ciprofloxacin

Surgery

Very severe Crohn's may not improve with medications. You may be advised to have the diseased section of your intestine removed. The two remaining healthier ends of the intestine are then joined together. You are still at high risk for the disease returning.

Surgery may also be done if you have an obstruction or fistulas.

Prevention

Women may be able to reduce their risk of Crohn's disease through exercise. Talk to your doctor about an exercise program that is best for you.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.