Before Prozac

The Troubled History of Mood Disorders in Psychiatry

Edward Shorter

One of the first books to examine the history of psychopharmacology, a subject in which interest is growing rapidly

Takes a strikingly original approach

Based on thorough archival research and interviews with many of the key participants

Written with verve by a pre-eminent historian of psychiatry

Before Prozac

The Troubled History of Mood Disorders in Psychiatry

Edward Shorter

Description

Psychiatry today is a barren tundra, writes medical historian Edward Shorter, where drugs that don't work are used to treat diseases that don't exist. In this provocative volume, Shorter illuminates this dismal landscape, in a revealing account of why psychiatry is "losing ground" in the struggle to treat depression. Naturally, the book looks at such culprits as the pharmaceutical industry, which is not inclined to market drugs once the patent expires, leading to the endless introduction of new--but not necessarily better--drugs. But the heart of the book focuses on an unexpected villain: the FDA, the very agency charged with ensuring drug safety and effectiveness. Shorter describes how the FDA permits companies to test new products only against placebo.
If you can beat sugar pills, you get your drug licensed, whether or not it is actually better than (or even as good as) current medications, thus sweeping from the shelves drugs that may be superior but have lost patent protection. The book also examines the FDA's early power struggles against the drug industry, an influence-grab that had little to do with science, and which left barbiturates, opiates, and amphetamines all underprescribed, despite the fact that under careful supervision they are better at treating depression, with fewer side effects, than the newer drugs in the Prozac family. Shorter also castigates academia, showing how two forms of depression, melancholia and nonmelancholia--"as different from each other as chalk and cheese"--became squeezed into one dubious
classification, major depression, which was essentially a political artifact born of academic infighting. An astonishing and troubling look at modern psychiatry, Losing Ground is a book that is sure to spark controversy for years to come.

The Troubled History of Mood Disorders in Psychiatry

Edward Shorter

Reviews and Awards

"...Before Prozac is a nuanced, timely, and provocative book written by an incisive thinker at the height of his considerable intellectual powers. Prof. Shorter's powerful arguments demonstrate clearly the value of historical perspectives when evaluating current medical practices, and serve as a sobering reminder of the transitory nature of many psychiatric treatments and, indeed, psychiatric categorisations."--Irish Medical News

"I saw a patient not long ago with quite paralysing long-term periods of anxiety associated with depression and despair accompanied by suicidal thoughts... If I saw him now I would recommend Shorter's illuminating Before Prozac so he would have the full inside story."--The Lancet

"...engagingly written and informative."--PsycCRITIQUES

"Writing in a lively, exciting style packed with historical facts, Shorter brings to life the process of psychiatric drug discovery and development, enriching the fabric of his narrative wtih details about the persons involved....the book is a lot of fun to read."--The Journal of Clinical Investigation

"Shorter, a prolific medical historian, provides a detailed, lively history of what has been called the 'first set' of psychotropic drugs...the antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and antidepressants that showed up in the 1950s...It is a compellingly argued and erudite polemic..." -- American Journal of Psychiatry