About

The National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council (collectively, the National Academies) are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and the world. The National Academies produce groundbreaking reports that have helped shape sound policies, inform public opinion, and advance the pursuit of science, engineering, and medicine. Over many decades, the institutions have distinguished themselves as the nation’s premier source of independent, expert advice on scientific, engineering, and medical issues.