Adolescent Development

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emotional autonomy

the establishment of more adultlike and less childish close relationships with family members and peers

behavioral autonomy

the capacity to make independent decisions and follow through with them

cognitive autonomy

the establishment of an independent set of values, opinions, and beliefs

detachment

in psychoanalytic theory, the process through which adolescents sever emotional attachments to their parents or other authority figures

individuation

the progressive sharpening of an individual's sense of being an autonomous, independent person

psychological control

parenting that attempts to control the adolescent's emotions and opinions

prosocial behavior

behaviors intended to help others

preconventional moral reasoning

according to Kohlberg, the first level of moral reasoning, which is typical of children and is characterized by reasoning is based on rewards and punishments associated with different courses of action

conventional moral reasoning

according to Kohlberg, the second level of moral development, which occurs during late childhood and early adolescence and is characterized by reasoning that is based on the rules and conventions of society

postconventional moral reasoning (principled moral reasoning)

in Kohlberg's theory, the stage of moral development durin gwhich society's rules and conventions are seen as relative and subjective rather than a authorative

moral disengagement

rationalizing immoral behavior as legitimate, as a way of justifying one's own bad acts

religiosity

the degree to which one engages in religious practices, like attending services

spirituality

the degree to which one places importance on the quest for answers to questions about God and the meaning of life