Mission Photos:

Mission Objectives:

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GLObal'naya Navigatsionnay Sputnikovaya Sistema, GLONASS), is based on a constellation of active satellites, sponsored by the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense, which continuously transmit coded signals in two frequency bands, which can be received by users anywhere on the Earth's surface to identify their position and velocity in real time. The primary application of GLONASS is positioning and time transfer. All the satellites weigh approximately 1400 kg and are in circular orbits with perigees approximately 19,000 km; with eccentricities between 0.0001 and 0.0035; with inclinations between 64.2 and 65.6 degrees; and with orbital periods of 676 minutes.

The system is a counterpart to the United States Global Positioning System
(GPS) and
both systems share the same principles in the data transmission and positioning
methods. On 12 October 1982, the first GLONASS satellites were placed into
orbit, and the experimental work with GLONASS began. Over this time span,
the system was tested, and different aspects were improved, including the
satellites themselves. Although the initial plans pointed to 1991 for a
complete operational system, the deployment of the full constellation of
satellites has been completed in late 1995, early 1996. GLONASS-1 through
-61 are no longer in service.

Note: GLONASS-40 and -41 were launched with the Etalon-1 satellite. GLONASS-42 and -43 were launched with Etalon-2.

The GLONASS, like GPS, consists of three segments, the SPACE, CONTROL, and USER
segments:

The SPACE segment of GLONASS, is formed by 24 satellites located on three orbital
planes. Each satellite is identified by its slot number, which defines the orbital plane
(1-8, 9-16,17-24) and the location within the plane. The three orbital planes are
separated 120 degrees. Within a three orbital plane, the eight satellites are separated by 45
degrees. The GLONASS orbits are circular orbits of 19,140 km, with an inclination of 64.8
degrees and a period of 11 hours 15 minutes 44 seconds.

The CONTROL segment of GLONASS is entirely located in former Soviet Union territory.
The Ground Control Center and Time Standards is located in Moscow and the telemetry and tracking
stations is located in St. Petersburg, Ternopol, Eniseisk, Komsomolsk-na-Amure.

The USER segment consists of antennas and receiver-processors that provide positioning,
velocity and precise timing to the user.

The expected life of each GLONASS satellite is 3 to 5 years.

Mission Instrumentation:

GLONASS satellites have the following instrumentation onboard:

Solar array

12 primary antennas for L-band transmissions

Cesium atomic clock

Retroreflector array

Mission Parameters:

GLONASS Constellation Table

Western
GLONASS
Number

Russian
GLONASS
Number

Kosmos
Number

COSPAR
ID

ILRS
Satellite
ID

ILRS
SIC

Satellite
Catalog
(NORAD)
Number

Orbit
Plane

Freq.
Channel

Slot

Launch
Date

Date
Withdrawn

Type
M?

40

1987

1989-001A

8900101

6666

19749

10-Jan-89

41

1988

1989-001B

8900102

7777

19750

10-Jan-89

44

2079

1990-045A

9004501

1111

20619

19-May-90

47

2109

1990-110A

9011001

2222

21006

8-Dec-90

49

249

2111

1990-110C

9011003

9049

21008

8-Dec-90

15-Aug-96

50

750

2139

1991-025A

9102501

3333

21216

4-Apr-91

14-Nov-94

51

753

2140

1991-025B

9102502

4444

21217

4-Apr-91

4-Jun-93

52

754

2141

1991-025C

9102503

9052

21218

4-Apr-91

16-Jun-92

53

768

2177

1992-005A

9200501

9053

21853

29-Jan-92

29-Jun-93

54

769

2178

1992-005B

9200502

9054

21854

29-Jan-92

25-Jun-97

55

771

2179

1992-005C

9200503

9055

21855

29-Jan-92

21-Dec-96

56

774

2206
(2204)

1992-047A

9204701

9056

22056

30-Jul-92

26-Aug-96

57

756

2204
(2205)

1992-047B

9204702

9057

22057

30-Jul-92

4-Aug-97

58

772

2205
(2206)

1992-047C

9204703

9058

22058

30-Jul-92

27-Aug-94

59

773

2234

1993-010A

9301001

9059

22512

17-Feb-93

17-Aug-94

60

757

2236
(2235)

1993-010B

9301002

9060

22513

17-Feb-93

23-Aug-97

61

759

2235
(2236)

1993-010C

9301003

9061

22514

17-Feb-93

4-Aug-97

62

760

2276
(2275)

1994-021A

9402101

9062

23043

3

24

17

11-Apr-94

9-Sep-99

63

761

2277
(2276)

1994-021B

9402102

9063

23044

11-Apr-94

29-Aug-97

64

758

2275
(2277)

1994-021C

9402103

9064

23045

3

10

18

11-Apr-94

15-Jan-00

65

767

2287

1994-050A

9405001

9065

23203

2

22

12

11-Aug-94

3-Feb-99

66

775

2289
(2288)

1994-050B

9405002

9066

23204

2

22

16

11-Aug-94

28-Sep-00

67

770

2288
(2289)

1994-050C

9405003

9067

23205

2

9

14

11-Aug-94

15-Jan-00

68

763

2295
(2294)

1994-076A

9407601

9068

23396

1

21

3

20-Nov-94

5-Oct-99

69

764

2296
(2295)

1994-076B

9407602

9069

23397

1

13

6

20-Nov-94

30-Nov-99

70

762

2294
(2296)

1994-076C

9407603

9070

23398

1

12

4

20-Nov-94

19-Nov-99

71

765

2307

1995-009A

9500901

9071

23511

3

1

20

7-Mar-95

19-Nov-99

72

766

2308

1995-009B

9500902

9072

23512

3

10

22

7-Mar-95

5-Feb-01

73

777

2309

1995-009C

9500903

9073

23513

7-Mar-95

26-Dec-97

74

780

2316

1995-037A

9503701

9074

23620

2

4

15

24-Jul-95

6-Apr-99

75

781

2317

1995-037B

9503702

9075

23621

2

9

10

24-Jul-95

15-Oct-01

76

785

2318

1995-037C

9503703

9076

23622

2

4

11

24-Jul-95

6-Apr-01

77
(ILRS: 79)

776

2323

1995-068C

9506803

9079

23736

2

6

9

14-Dec-95

28-Nov-00

78

778

2324

1995-068B

9506802

9078

23735

2

11

15

14-Dec-95

79
(ILRS: 77)

782

2325

1995-068A

9506801

9077

23734

2

6

13

14-Dec-95

15-Oct-01

80

786

2362
(2364)

1998-077C

9807703

9080

25595

1

7

7

30-Dec-98

81

784

2363

1998-077B

9807702

9081

25594

1

8

8

30-Dec-98

82
(ILRS: 80)

779

2364
(2362)

1998-077A

9807701

9082

25593

1

2

1

30-Dec-98

83

783

2374
(2376)

2000-063C

0006303

TBD

26566

3

10

18

13-Oct-00

84

787

2375
(2374)

2000-063A

0006301

TBD

26564

3

5

17

13-Oct-00

85
(ILRS: 84)

788

2376
(2375)

2000-063B

0006302

9084

26565

3

3

24

13-Oct-00

86

790

2380

2001-053C

0105303

9086

26989

1

9

6

01-Dec-01

87

789

2381

2001-053B

0105302

9087

26988

1

12

3

01-Dec-01

88

711

2382

2001-053A

0105301

9088

26987

1

7

5

01-Dec-01

M (Proto)

89

791

2394

2002-060A

0206001

9089

27617

3

10

22

25-Dec-02

90

792

2395
(2396)

2002-060C

0206003

9090

27619

3

8

21

25-Dec-02

91

793

2396
(2395)

2002-060B

0206002

9091

27618

3

11

23

25-Dec-02

92

701

2404

2003-056A

0305601

9092

28112

1

1

6

10-Dec-03

M

93

794

2402

2003-056B

0305602

9093

28113

1

1

2

10-Dec-03

94

795

2403

2003-056C

0305603

9094

28114

1

6

4

10-Dec-03

95

712

2411

2004-053B

0405302

9095

28509

1

5

7

26-Dec-04

M

96

797

2412

2004-053C

0405303

9096

28510

1

6

8

26-Dec-04

97

796

2413

2004-053A

0405301

9097

28508

1

7

1

26-Dec-04

98

798

2417

2005-050C

0505003

9098

28917

3

10

22

25-Dec-05

99

713

2418

2005-050B

0505002

9099

28916

3

2

24

25-Dec-05

M

100

714

2419

2005-050A

0505001

9100

28915

3

3

23

25-Dec-05

M

101

715

2424

2006-062C

0606203

9101

29672

2

4

14

25-Dec-06

M

102

716

2425

2006-062A

0606201

9102

29670

2

0

15

25-Dec-06

M

103

717

2426

2006-062B

0606202

9103

29671

2

4

10

25-Dec-06

M

104

718

2431

2007-052C

070520c

9104

32277

3

-1

17

26-Oct-07

M

105

719

2432

2007-052B

0705202

9105

32276

3

2

20

26-Oct-07

M

106

720

2433

2007-052A

0705201

9106

32275

3

3

19

26-Oct-07

M

107

721

2434

2007-065A

0706501

9107

32393

2

-2

13

25-Dec-07

M

108

722

2435

2007-065B

0706502

9108

32394

2

-2

9

25-Dec-07

M

109

723

2436

2007-065C

0706503

9109

32395

2

0

11

25-Dec-07

M

110

724

2442

2008-046A

0804601

9110

33378

3

-3

18

25-Sep-08

M

111

725

2443

2008-046B

0804602

9111

33379

3

-1

21

25-Sep-08

M

112

726

2444

2008-046C

0804603

9112

33380

3

-3

22

25-Sep-08

M

113

728

2447

2008-067A

0806701

9113

33466

1

5

3

25-Dec-08

M

114

728

2448

2008-067C

0806703

9114

33468

1

1

2

25-Dec-08

M

115

729

2449

2008-067B

0806702

9115

33467

1

6

8

25-Dec-08

M

116

730

2456

2009-070A

0907001

9116

36111

1

1

1

14-Dec-09

M

117

733

2457

2009-070B

0907002

9117

36112

1

4

6

14-Dec-09

M

118

734

2458

2009-070C

0907003

9118

36113

1

5

5

14-Dec-09

M

119

731

2459

2010-007A

1000701

9119

36400

3

-3

22

02-Mar-2010

M

120

732

2460

2010-007C

1000703

9120

36402

3

3

23

02-Mar-2010

M

121

735

2461

2010-007B

1000702

9121

36401

3

2

24

02-Mar-2010

M

122

736

2464

2010-041C

1004103

9122

37139

2

-1

16

02-Sep-2010

M

123

737

2465

2010-041B

1004102

9123

37138

2

-1

12

02-Sep-2010

M

124

738

2466

2010-041A

1004101

9124

37137

02-Sep-2010

M

125

801

2471

2011-009A

1100901

9125

37372

3

-5

(20)

26-Feb-2011

K

126

742

2474

2011-055A

1105501

9126

37829

1

6

4

02-Oct-2011

M

127

743

2475

2011-064C

1106403

9127

37869

1

6

8

04-Nov-2011

M

128

744

2476

2011-064A

1106401

9128

37867

1

5

3

04-Nov-2011

M

129

745

2477

2011-064B

1106402

9129

37868

1

5

7

04-Nov-2011

M

130

746

2478

2011-071A

1107101

9130

37938

28-Nov-2011

M

131

747

2485

2013-019A

1301901

9131

39155

1

-4

2

26-Apr-2013

M

132

754

2491

2014-012A

1401201

9132

39620

3

-3

18

23-Mar-2014

M

133

755

2500

2014-032A

1403201

9133

40001

3

4

21

14-Jun-2014

M+

134

702K

2501

2014-075A

1407501

9134

40315

2

-6

9

30-Nov-2014

K1

135

751

2514

2016-008A

1600801

9135

41330

3

4

17

07-Feb-2016

M

136

753

2516

2016-032A

1603201

9136

41554

2

0

11

29-May-2016

M

137

2017-055A

1705501

9137

42939

22-Sep-2017

M

Notes:

NORAD Catalog Number is also known as U.S. Space Command (USSPACECOM) object number
and NASA catalog number.

The numbers listed first in the "Kosmos Numbers" column are the designators
assigned by the Russian Federation. Where these differ from the designators assigned by
the United States, the latter are given in parentheses. (Editor's
note: designators that differ are in red parentheses)

Date Withdrawn: The date listed is the date the satellite was removed from service
(Moscow Time) as reported by the Coordinational Scientific Information Center, Moscow.

The GLONASS numbering scheme used in this table includes the 8 "dummy"
satellites orbited as ballast along with "real" satellites on the first 7
GLONASS launches. The second number in the "GLONASS Numbers" column is that
assigned by the Russian Space Forces.

New GLONASS channel allocations were introduced in September 1993 aimed at reducing
interference to radio astronomy. Note the use of the same channel on pairs of antipodal
satellites.

This version of the table corrects the International ID and NORAD Catalog Number of
GLONASS 786, 784, and 779.

Satellite identifiers compiled by Richard B. Langley, Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics
Engineering, University of New Brunswick (lang@unb.ca).

GLONASS-80 through -82 naming conventions were changed in the table above based on
research by Werner Gurtner and Roger Wood. The adopted numbers now agree with both
the Russian constellation status and the NORAD two-line elements.