Adrian Shaughnessy

Self-Initiated House Music

Sketches and Spells, CD cover by Julian House for Ghost Box, 2005.

British graphic designer Julian House is best known for his album covers for Primal Scream, Stereolab and Broadcast. In the UK, House has an attentive following among designers attracted to his idiosyncratic, image-laden work. Admirers might be surprised to learn that he has added music-making to his repertoire. It is perhaps stretching definitions to say that House has become a musician, but with the help of sampling technology and an array of digital audio tools, he makes striking and compelling audio assemblages, which have strong stylistic parallels with his collage-based graphic design.

To date, House has released two CDs of music under the name The Focus Group. In January 2005, he started a CD-R record label called Ghost Box to release music by himself and other like-minded individuals. CD-R "burn-to-order" labels are an exciting new development, their rise providing evidence of musicians searching for ways to circumvent the monopolistic record industry and offer their wares direct to the public. Visitors to the Ghost Box website can buy a range of CD-Rs, all of which come in jewel-cases with ravishing House-designed booklets.

I worked with House for seven years at Intro, the studio I co-founded, where he is a senior designer (I left in 2004). I gave him his first job after he was enthusiastically recommended to me by one of the Intro designers. Interviewing House, I found him diffident; he didn't seem robust enough to survive bruising encounters with clients or the demands of a busy, deadline-driven studio. His work contained only flashes of promise. But I liked him enough to take him on. I sensed a core of strength beneath the hesitant persona, and he had a quirky intelligence and a stock of arcane knowledge that distinguished him from run-of-the-mill design school graduates.

It took six months for the full extent of his talent as a designer to emerge and another 18 months for him to develop into what I consider to be a near-perfect example of a contemporary graphic designer: a strong individual "voice" coupled with an equally strong desire to please and accommodate his clients. When he was asked in an interview whether he regarded design for music as an area for self-expression, House replied: "I would never say, 'This is my vision that I'm bringing to the band.' It is a two-way process, a collaboration. Their response to some of my ideas often focuses it in a way that maybe I would not have done." Designers who insist on their own vision without compromise and reject all client contributions are no better than designers who offer total compliance. Graphic design is the art of collaboration and all great designers understand this.

House began his career with an ambition to be an illustrator. You can see this clearly in his best work: a curious melding of unlikely imagery and expressionistic typography. His aesthetic touchstones are the 1960s and 1970s international avant-gardes; Pop Art; comics; old textbooks; pre-digital TV graphics; East European movie posters; and visual arcana of all kinds. Despite his interest in the crafts-based, often handmade visual culture of the middle part of the 20th century, House is entirely dependent on his computer. He uses all the standard digital tools, but rarely in the way intended. He deploys QuarkXpress to manipulate imagery, for example. The results are unpredictable, jagged and prone to unexpected elisions, yet at the same time, startlingly beautiful. House's primary design tool, however, is Google Image Search, which allows him to trawl the murky margins of the Internet for oddball imagery. Much of his work is the transformation of 72 dpi web detritus into sharp, contemporary graphic design (see his work for US band The Hiss). He is a collagist in the grand tradition.

Many contemporary designers immersed in the increasingly confluent world of digital technology combine design with music-making. The path from designer to musician appears to be an ever-shortening one. In the US, Tom Recchion, Elliott Earls and the late P. Scott Makela spring to mind, while in Europe, one thinks of Kim Hiorthoy, Russell Mills and Paul Farrington (Studio Tonne) as highly accomplished visual artists who also make resonant and emotive music. House joins this growing band of designer/musicians who produce credible work in both media. Music critic Mathew Ingram, writing in The Wire, describes how House "crafts both exquisite visual collages in thrall to European Modernism (the moiré effects from the covers of Penguin books, Lettrism and Polish movie posters) and divinely wrought soundscapes that hark back to an eternal past."

But there is another aesthetic thread running through House's music, which binds together his audio and visual work. He is a collector of library music, a fact noted by Ingram in his review of House's Hey Let Loose Your Love album. The music, Ingram writes, is "Pieced together from the mustiest samples  children's exercise records, vintage BBC drama, clunky Brit jazz and (most pertinently) library records ..."

The cult of library music centres on records made in the 1960s and 1970s, often by elite session musicians catering for the then burgeoning media scene  incidental music for TV, movies and advertising. Some of these instrumentals are superb, beautifully crafted and emotionally charged. This is music that deftly defines its era, often more resonantly than the chart-based pop of the time. And of course, it comes with the warm analogue audioglow of vinyl.

A sizeable following has grown up around vintage library music. For DJs, remixers, record collectors and pop-culture vultures of a certain age (30-50), it provides the aural equivalent of "dipping the madeleine". The cult has its most visible focus in the activities of English DJ and record collector Jonny Trunk, curator of a mildly salacious website featuring errant Brit audio/visual ephemera ("music, nostalgia, sex!"  as he proudly announces on his home page). He also runs Trunk Records, a label devoted to unearthing neglected music from Britain's recent past: usually misfit sounds that recall the 1970s Britain of damp Sundays, sexual inhibition and a nation which then had only three TV channels. Trunk is about to publish a book of library music album covers. Designed by Fuel, it shows a remarkable array of graphically inventive designs. Free from commercial restraints and the need to promote pop stars' careers, these covers are closer to the sleeves for avant-garde classical music than to the pop sleeves of the time. In fact, they look as if Julian House designed them.

For House, library music's allure is plain to see. Here is recorded sound that invites appropriation. It is made to be "used". It is the audio equivalent of Google Image Search  a seemingly unending source of material waiting to be crafted into something new and vibrant.

a cd-r 'burn to order' record label is an interesting way of keeping costs low for independent music publishing. however, it still doesnt seem to point to an answer to what will happen to music artwork in the age of the mp3, and how a relationship will exist between music and its associated artwork. id be interested to hear your thoughts on that topic (though theyve been addressed a bit in other threads).

thanks for the article. there seems to be an interesting and unexpected musical bent on design observer, with two writers, momus and adrian shaughnessy, who have strong ties to music and the music industry.

Manuel
08.04.0503:05

as a long-time follower of Tom Recchion and the LA Free Music Society, the natural intersections of his various expressions in art, design and music seem to be the clearest definition of design as a lifelong endeavor.

Ann Enkoji
08.05.0510:15

I agree Ann. I think Tom Recchion is a hugely undervalued talent. I know his music better than I know his design work, although I'm familar with his excellent book jackets for TamTam Books in the US. Interestingly, I think some of his music is strikingly similar to some of Julian House's music.

Adrian Shaughnessy
08.05.0510:28

Looking at Julian House's work and then following the links to the library music album covers makes me even more nostalgic for the great days of the 12-inch record sleeve. When I see the work on my computer screen, I automatically transpose the images to that scale in my imagination. And even the worst designs (and some of the library covers are frankly pretty bad) look pretty good, just because of the authority of that one square foot of real estate.

My introduction to a lot of different kinds of music took place in record stores in suburban malls, where I would thumb through rack after rack of LPs, studying album covers with fascination even when I had no idea what the music within was like. The packages of those few records I could afford were committed to memory through literally hours of study. More than most kinds of graphic design, music packaging seems to make a genuine claim on our emotional lives.

Beautifully wrought cd jewel cases always seemed like a pretty miserable compromise to me, and as Manuel observes above, in the age of MP3s even those will soon be distant memories. Yet the connection between music and visual art is a powerful one. It will be up to musician-designers like House to figure out how to maintain that relationship, and turn it into something new and even better.

Michael Bierut
08.05.0501:53

music-musicality-underscores the visual, as george steiners "all art aspires to the condition of music" (paraphrased i think). i'd extend to "all living aspires to the condition of music". the lineage is deep and strong-len lye dancing to bossa nova in majorca, schoenbergs 'style and idea' (if only the equivalent design argy-bargy approached that subject with even a percent of what scoenberg sets out), stravinsky's "poetics of music", cage's "notations", ake hodell, oyvind fahlstrom and the sound poets, john furnival's architectures of word and sound, john williams and spielberg and lucas, tarkovsky and on and on . . .

thing is with this is that there is no future or past-there is only the present and the experience passing, now here now there and now and now . . . there is nothing to look towards but only to be in: inside and outside at the same time of a long slow silence exploding-criss cross rhythms exploding with happiness (osibisa i think), the act of drawing to sound regarded and passed over and then another act, a dance, inert objects brought to life in resonance with human contact.

graham
08.05.0502:43

I'm a huge fan of the Primal Scream cover in particular, but also of a lot of Intro's designs - Stereolab's recent compilation of EPs (excellent value) turns out to be Intro. DJ Krust's Decoded is a gorgeous piece of work. The list is a long one. I wish more of these designs were available for download at high enough resolution to use as desktops (particularly with OS X's ability to change every 30 mins or less). It's an excellent, all too often missed, marketing opportunity. I can't comment on House's musical endeavours, but I'm less enamoured of Russell Mills' or Kim Hiorthoy's sonic output. The sense of painstaking assemblage seems to these ears to result in a degree of dessication, a lack of wonder or lift that makes their best visual work so engaging.

Colin
08.07.0509:01

Pat DiNizio of the Smithereens created PAT (Patrons and Artists Together) a Medici-esque program to fund his solo projects and better connect with his listeners. He embarked on his "living room"concert tour many moons ago, a concept now mimicked by the likes of Carol King. Ain't it grand?

witch
08.09.0509:55

Theres a nostaliga for the 12 inch amongst many that for me due to my age I can never quite engage with. I see the music industry now and in the past like a growing spider diagram. Correct me if I am wrong but 20 years ago there was a lot less choice record buying wise, now with the advent of self run labels, numerous genres and the internet making music widely available their is a voice for everyone and as such the music buying audience in its choice has spread thinly over all these areas. The side product of this is the cover and those who design them have suffered, theres less money, more freebie jobs and an industry desperate to keep ahead of the game, which has in my eyes dropped the importance of the sleeve in favour of marketing, videos and styling. The up side of all of this is people like Kim Hiorthoy's and Julian House can publish their own music either through their own or their friends labels which can only be a good thing. Maybe as well as more musicians thers more designers, digital technology has set us free and we are seeing this democratisation remove the veil of idolisation previously applied to these two areas. Don't get me wrong the 12" is an amazing canvas its just the days of identical record collections in many homes are gone and for me that's a good thing.