Statue of the Republic, in the main amphitheatre of the Sorbonne (1889).[3] She is shown as a wise woman between an urn and a lion "removing the veil of ignorance from a young Frenchman", in one of the university's least neutral sculptures (commissioned by Soitoux).[4]

Statue of Louis Blanc (1811–1882) in bronze, melted down during World War Two, located on Place Monge (Paris, 5th arrondissement)

1.
Paris
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Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town

2.
Auguste Dumont
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Augustin-Alexandre Dumont, known as Auguste Dumont was a French sculptor. He was one of a line of famous sculptors, the great-grandson of Pierre Dumont, son of Jacques-Edme Dumont. In 1818, he started studies at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, in 1823, he was awarded the Prix de Rome for his sculptures, and went to study at the French Academy in Rome. In 1830, he returned to France, in 1853 he became a teacher at the École des Beaux-Arts. A disease kept him from working after 1875, histoire, doctrines, catalogue, École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris,2003, p.146 Media related to Augustin-Alexandre Dumont at Wikimedia Commons

3.
Joseph-Hugues Fabisch
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Joseph-Hugues Fabisch was a French sculptor. He was professor at the École des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, in 1840, he set himself up at Saint-Étienne, where he was professor at the towns university. He left the town for Lyon in 1845 where he became a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, becoming its director in 1874 and teaching artists including Léon-Alexandre Delhomme. In 1852 he produced the Virgin on top of the chapel of the Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière in his studio on the quays of the Saône. When his studio was flooded, the unveiling was put back to 8 December. From 15 to 19 September 1863, he was in Lourdes to visit Bernadette Soubirous and he then made a statue of the Virgin, commissioned by the Lacour sisters and under the control of Abbot Blanc, who above all wanted a statue faithful to the young womans description. It was intended for the grotto of Massabielle near Lourdes and dedicated on 4 April 1864 in front of 20,000 people. This was the artists masterwork, copied later on all over the world, but caused a polemic on its adequacy to the peasant girls visions. In 1868, Fabisch created another Madonna, this one with the Child,1852, Golden virgin consecrated on 8 December 1852 on top of the chapel of the Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière in Lyon 5th arrondissement. 1852, apsidal altar of Saint Benedict, Basilica of Saint-Martin dAinay,1864, Virgin Mary, according to the description of Bernadette Soubirous, grotto Massabielle, Lourdes, Carrara marble,1. 83m high. 1866, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, place des Terreaux, corner of rue d’Algérie and rue Sainte Marie des Terreaux, Lyon 1st arrondissement. J. H. Fabisch also designed the pediment, one of whose corners the statue occupies 1868, Virgin and Child, Basilica of the Immaculate Conception. Joseph-Hugues Fabisch in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website

4.
Sorbonne
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The Sorbonne is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. The name is derived from the Collège de Sorbonne, initiated during 1257 by the eponymous Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris. The university predates the college by about a century, and minor colleges had been founded already during the late 12th century, during the 16th century, the Sorbonne became involved with the intellectual struggle between Catholics and Protestants. The Collège de Sorbonne was suppressed during the French Revolution, reopened by Napoleon during 1808 and this was only one of the many colleges of the University of Paris that existed until the French revolution. After months of conflicts between students and authorities at the University of Paris at Nanterre, the administration closed that university on May 2,1968. Students at the Sorbonne campus in Paris met on May 3 to protest against the closure and the threatened expulsion of several students at Nanterre. More than 20,000 students, teachers and other endorsers marched towards the Sorbonne, still sealed off by the police, who charged, wielding their batons, as soon as the marchers approached. While the crowd dispersed, some began to make out of whatever was at hand, while others threw paving stones. The police then responded with tear gas and charged the crowd again, may 10 marked the Night of Barricades, where students used cars, wood, and cobblestones to barricade the streets of the Latin Quarter. Brutal street fighting ensued between students and riot police, most notably on Rue Gay-Lussac, early the next morning, as the fighting disbanded, Daniel Cohn-Bendit sent out a radio broadcast calling for a general strike. On Monday,13 May, more than one million workers went on strike, negotiations ended, and students returned to their campuses after a false report that the government had agreed to reopen them, only to discover police still occupying the schools. When the Sorbonne reopened, students occupied it and declared it an autonomous Peoples University, during 1970, the University of Paris was divided into thirteen universities, managed by a common rectorate, the Chancellerie des Universités de Paris, with offices in the Sorbonne. The building also houses the École Nationale des Chartes, the École pratique des hautes études, the Cours de Civilisation Française de la Sorbonne, nowadays, the use of the name refers more often to Panthéon-Sorbonne University for French public especially students in France. But, all Parisian universities like to refer as their ancestor, some alliances of universities use that name, like Sorbonne University. Listing of the works of Alexandre Falguière List of works by Henri Chapu La Sorbonne

5.
Louis Blanc
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Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc was a French politician and historian. A socialist who favored reforms, he called for the creation of cooperatives in order to guarantee employment for the urban poor, Blancs advocacy failed and, caught between radical worker tendencies and the National Guard, he was forced into exile. Blanc returned to France in 1870, shortly before the conclusion of the Franco-Prussian war, although he did not support the Paris Commune he successfully proposed amnesty to the Communards. Even though Blancs ideas of the cooperatives were never realized. Louis Blanc was born in Madrid, his father held the post of inspector-general of finance under Joseph Bonaparte and his younger brother was Charles Blanc, who later became an influential art critic. Failing to receive aid from Pozzo di Borgo, his mothers uncle, Louis Blanc studied law in Paris, living in poverty, in the Revue du progres, which he founded, he published in 1839 his study on LOrganisation du travail. The principles laid down in this famous essay form the key to Louis Blancs whole political career and he attributes all the evils that afflict society to the pressure of competition, whereby the weaker are driven to the wall. In 1841 he published his Histoire de dix ans 1830-1840, an attack upon the monarchy of July and it ran through four editions in four years. In 1847 he published the two first volumes of his Histoire de la Revolution Française and its publication was interrupted by the Revolution of 1848, when Louis Blanc became a member of the provisional government. The revolution of 1848 was the chance for Louis Blancs ideas to be implemented. His theory of using the government to enact change was different from those of other socialist theorists of his time. Blanc believed that workers could control their own livelihoods, but knew that unless they were given help to get started the cooperative workshops would never work, to assist this process along Blanc lobbied for national funding of these workshops until the workers could assume control. To fund this project, Blanc saw a ready revenue source in the rail system. Under government control the system would provide the bulk of the funding needed for this. When the workshop program was ratified in the National Assembly, Blancs chief rival Emile Thomas was put in control of the project, Emile Thomass deliberate failure in organizing the workshops into a success only seemed to anger the public more. The people had promised a job and a working environment in which the workers were in charge. What they had received was hand outs and government funded work parties to dig ditches, when the workshops were closed the workers rebelled again but were put down by force by the National Guard. The National Assembly was also able to blame Blanc for the failure of the workshops and his ideas were questioned and he lost much of the respect which had given him influence with the public

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Stanislas Laugier
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Stanislas Laugier was a French surgeon and doctor. He was the brother of astronomer Paul Auguste Ernest Laugier and he was associated with the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris, a member of the Institut and of the Académie des Sciences, president and professor of the Académie de Médecine de Paris. He was buried in the cimetière du Père-Lachaise, with Gustave-Antoine Richelot, he published a translation of William Mackenzies A practical treatise on the diseases of the eye as Traité pratique des maladies des yeux. Other noted works by Laugier include, Des cals difformes et des opérations quils réclament,1841 Des varices, de leur traitement,1842 - Of strictures, Des lésions traumatiques de la moelle épinière,1848 - Traumatic lesions of the spinal cord. Laugier hernia, A hernia passing through an opening in the lacunar ligament, Laugier sign - In fracture of the lower portion of the radius, the styloid processes of the radius and of the ulna are on the same level

7.
Jean-Charles Alphand
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Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, born in 1817 and died in 1891, interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery, was a French engineer of the Corps of Bridges and Roads. Under this title, Alphand continued Haussmanns works, Alphand also became the Director of Water Works after the death of Eugène Belgrand in 1878. New York, New York, Princeton Architectural Press, montsouris and Buttes-Chaumont, the art of the faux. Paris, Paris, Journey into the City of Light, life and History of the 19th Arrondissement

8.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records

Paris
–
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the ar

1.
In the 1860s Paris streets and monuments were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, making it literally "The City of Light."

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Gold coins minted by the Parisii (1st century BC)

4.
The Palais de la Cité and Sainte-Chapelle, viewed from the Left Bank, from the Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (month of June) (1410)

Auguste Dumont
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Augustin-Alexandre Dumont, known as Auguste Dumont was a French sculptor. He was one of a line of famous sculptors, the great-grandson of Pierre Dumont, son of Jacques-Edme Dumont. In 1818, he started studies at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, in 1823, he was awarded the Prix de Rome for his sculptures, and went to study at the French Academy in

1.
Auguste Dumont, in 1829, by Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay

2.
Statue de la colonne Vendôme

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The Genius of Liberty (1833) topping the July Column in Paris

Joseph-Hugues Fabisch
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Joseph-Hugues Fabisch was a French sculptor. He was professor at the École des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, in 1840, he set himself up at Saint-Étienne, where he was professor at the towns university. He left the town for Lyon in 1845 where he became a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, becoming its director in 1874 and teaching artists includin

1.
The Virgin of Lourdes, the most famous work of Fabisch

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The Virgin of the Carthusians, Church of Saint-Bruno des Chartreux, Lyon

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The Virgin of Fourvière, Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, Lyon

Sorbonne
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The Sorbonne is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. The name is derived from the Collège de Sorbonne, initiated during 1257 by the eponymous Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris. The university predates the colle

1.
This article is about the university building in Paris, France. For the university with the same metonym, see University of Paris.

2.
Inscription over an entrance to the Sorbonne

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The front of the Sorbonne Building

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Sorbonne Square (Place de la Sorbonne)

Louis Blanc
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Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc was a French politician and historian. A socialist who favored reforms, he called for the creation of cooperatives in order to guarantee employment for the urban poor, Blancs advocacy failed and, caught between radical worker tendencies and the National Guard, he was forced into exile. Blanc returned to France in 187

1.
Louis Blanc

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Frontis from Blanc's Organisation du Travail, published in Paris in 1850 by Nouveau Monde.

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Louis Blanc in his last years.

Stanislas Laugier
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Stanislas Laugier was a French surgeon and doctor. He was the brother of astronomer Paul Auguste Ernest Laugier and he was associated with the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris, a member of the Institut and of the Académie des Sciences, president and professor of the Académie de Médecine de Paris. He was buried in the cimetière du Père-Lachaise, with Gustave-Ant

1.
Stanislas Laugier

Jean-Charles Alphand
–
Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, born in 1817 and died in 1891, interred at Père Lachaise Cemetery, was a French engineer of the Corps of Bridges and Roads. Under this title, Alphand continued Haussmanns works, Alphand also became the Director of Water Works after the death of Eugène Belgrand in 1878. New York, New York, Princeton Architectural Press,

Virtual International Authority File
–
The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transition