About Raoul d'Ivry, comte d'Ivry et de Bayeux

Raoul/Rodulf of Ivry

Ivry means "Hebrew"

RAOUL d'Ivry ([942/50]-after 1011). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus dux primus” consulted “Rodulfo comite suo equidem uterino fratre” about his succession before he died[1038]. It is assumed that he was born after the death of Comte Guillaume I, but it is unlikely that he was born much later than 945 if it is correct that the birth of his older half-brother Richard can be dated to [1032] (see the document NORMANDY DUKES). Comte [de Bayeux].

[m firstly ALBREDA, daughter of ? (murdered ). Orderic Vitalis records that “Albereda uxor Radulfi Bajocensis comitis” built “arcem de Ibreio” [Ivry] which “Hugo Bajocensis episcopus frater Johannis Rotomagensis archiepiscopi” defended “contra duces Normannorum multo tempore”, adding that it was reported that “præfata matrona” beheaded “Lanfredum architectum” after the castle was finished so that he could not build a similar structure for anyone else, and tried to expel her husband who killed her[1039]. It is not certain that “Albereda” in Orderic´s passage was the same person as “Eremburgam” in Guillaume de Jumièges. It is curious that Orderic does not state in his text that Hugues Bishop of Bayeux and Jean Archbishop of Rouen were the children of “Albereda”: the omission would best be explained if they were born from another marriage of Raoul and “Eremburgam” their mother was a different person from “Albereda”. If this speculation is correct, the chronology of the children of Raoul suggests that they were born later in his life, presumably from a second marriage if he did marry twice, in which case Albreda would have been his first wife.]

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume of Jumièges records that one of the daughters of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Osberno de Crepon de qua natus est Willelmus filius Osberni”[1042]. "Willelmus et frater eius Osbernus" donated "terram…Herchembaldus vicecomes et Turoldus, comitissæ Gunnoris camerarius" and revenue from land received by "Croco et Erchembaldus filii eiusdem Erchembaldi vicecomitis" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the consent of "matre eorum Emma", for the soul of "patris sui Osberni cognomento Pacifici", by charter dated to [1035/60], signed by "…Godeboldi, Daneboldi, Ansfredi filii Osberni, Gisleberti filii Turgisii…"[1043]. "Osberni frater eius [Willelmi]" witnessed a charter dated 1038 or after[1044]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[1045]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1038/42]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume of Jumièges records that another daughter of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Richardus de Bello-fago” by whom she had “Robertum qui ei successit et filias plures, quarum una iuncta est Hugoni de Monte-forti matrimonio”[1046]. mRICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT de Beaufour . Guillaume of Jumièges records that another daughter of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Richardus de Bello-fago” by whom she had “Robertum qui ei successit et filias plures, quarum una iuncta est Hugoni de Monte-forti matrimonio”[1047]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Robertus...de Bellofago” towards the end of his life became a monk at Bec, where “filii eius Richardus et Willelmus” also entered religion[1048]. m ---. The name of Robert´s wife is not known. Robert & his wife had two children:

(1) RICHARD de Beaufour . “Robertus...de Bellofago” towards the end of his life became a monk at Bec, where “filii eius Richardus et Willelmus” also entered religion[1049].

(2) GUILLAUME de Beaufour . “Robertus...de Bellofago” towards the end of his life became a monk at Bec, where “filii eius Richardus et Willelmus” also entered religion[1050].

(b) daughter . Guillaume of Jumièges records that another daughter of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Richardus de Bello-fago” by whom she had “Robertum qui ei successit et filias plures, quarum una iuncta est Hugoni de Monte-forti matrimonio”[1051]. m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

iv) JEAN d'Ivry (-1079). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodulphum” married “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” and that they had “duos filios Hugonem postea episcopum Baiocensem et Ioannem Abricatensem...”[1053]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Albereda uxor Radulfi Bajocensis comitis” built “arcem de Ibreio” [Ivry] which “Hugo Bajocensis episcopus frater Johannis Rotomagensis archiepiscopi” defended “contra duces Normannorum multo tempore”[1054]. Considering the date of his death, Jean must have been considerably younger than his brother Hugues. One possibility is that he was born from a second unrecorded marriage of his mother. Bishop of Avranches 1061. Orderic Vitalis records that “Lanfrancum Cadomensem abbatem” was appointed to succeed after the death of “Maurilius Rotomagensis archiepiscopus” but refused the task and pressed for the appointment of “Joannem Abrincatensium præsulem...filius Radulphi comitis Bajocensium...frater...uterinus Ricardi senioris ducis Normannorum” (who had held that post for seven years and three months, and was archbishop for ten years), even travelling to Rome to obtain Papal consent[1055]. Archbishop of Rouen 1069. Guillaume of Jumièges records the death “V Id Aug” 1067 of “Maurilius...archiepiscopus Rotomagensis” and the appointment of “Ioannes Abrincatinæ urbis præsul...comitis Rodulphi filius” as his successor[1056]. The Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis records that "Joannes filius Rodulfi comitis fratris Ricardi" succeeded as Archbishop of Rouen in 1069, having been bishop of Avranches for seven years and three months[1057]. Orderic Vitalis records the death “XVI Kal Aug” 1077 of "Hugo Lexoviensis episcopus", the subsequent dispute about his place of burial with “Johanni archiepiscopo” who refused to accept the king´s decision at Rouen and, while returning from there by mule, was struck down by a violent seizure, after which he survived for two years without being able to speak[1058]. The Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis records the death in 1079 of "Joannes Rothomag. Archiepiscopus"[1059]. Orderic Vitalis records the death in 1079 of “Johannes archiepiscopus” after governing for eight years and his burial "in baptisterio basilicæ ad Aquilonem", and also records his epitaph[1060].

Rodulf of Ivry (Rodolf, Raoul, comte d'Ivry) (died c. 1015)[1] was a Norman noble, and regent of Normandy during the minority of Richard II.[2]

Life

Rodolf was the son of Eperleng, a rich owner of several mills at Vaudreuil, and of his wife Sprota, who by William I, Duke of Normandy had been mother of Richard I of Normandy, making Rodolf the Duke's half-brother.[3][4]

When Richard died in 996, Rodulf took effective power during the minority of his nephew, Richard II of Normandy,[5] alongside the boy's mother, Gunnor.

According to William of Jumièges he had to quell dual rebellions in 996, of peasants and nobility; against the former he cut off feet and hands.[6] He arrested the chief aristocratic rebel Guillaume, comte d'Exmes.

Count

The counts of the duchy of Normandy were in place from around the year 1000; Rodulf is the first whose title can be attested by a document (of 1011).[7] Pierre Bauduin following David Bates[8] states that territorial designations for these titles came in only in the 1040s.[9] Contemporary sources, and Dudon de Saint-Quentin, speak only of Rodulf as "count", never "of Ivry"; this is found only in later writers. Ordericus Vitalis, for example, calls him count of Bayeux. Historians now consider this erroneous, following the later Robert de Torigni, who makes Rodulf count of Ivry.

In strategic terms, Ivry was on the boundary of the duchy of Normandy, by an important crossroads on a roman Road, by the valley of the River Eure. Over some decades the Normans had struggled there against the forces of the county of Blois, after its control had reached Dreux. This position mattered for the assertion of domination of the south-east of the Évrecin.

Consistently, the duchy may have conceded to the county in the direction of the county of Hiémois and towards Lieuvin (forêt du Vièvre).

Family

He married Aubrée de Canville, who died before 1011.[3][10] His children were:

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Born before 945. Charles Cawley gives his dates as birth between 942 and 950 and death sometime after 1011.

Son of Esperleng de Pîtres, son of --- and Sprota, daughter of --- . From Brittany. Sprota was previously the concubine or wife of Guillaume I Comte [de Normandie].

Raoul married Aubree de de Caville/Cacheville. Her parents are unknown. She was murdered, possibly by her husband. She is also named as Eranberge by other sources. It appears that he had only one wife: Aubree / Eranberge.

Raoul d'Ivry and his wife had five children:

Hugues d'Ivry who died in October 1049

Emma d'Ivry who married Osbern de Crepon

an unnamed daughter who married Richard de Beaufour (de Belfage)

Raoul d'Ivry who died after 1020/30

Jean d'Ivry who died in 1079 and was Bishop of Avranches 1061 and Archbishop of Rouen in 1069

Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Sprota and "Asperleng" who owned the mills in the valley of la Risle[742]. Esperling & his wife had [four or more] children.

RAOUL d'Ivry ([942/50]-after 1011). Guillaume de Jumièges names Raoul as uterine brother of Richard Comte [de Normandie], specifying that the latter consulted him about arrangements for the succession in Normandy when dying[743]. It is assumed that he was born after the death of Comte Guillaume I, but it is unlikely that he was born much later than 945 if it is correct that the birth of his older half-brother Richard can be dated to [1032] (see the document NORMANDY DUKES). Comte [de Bayeux]. m AUBREE [de Caville/Cacheville], daughter of --- (-murdered ----). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Raoul and "Eranberge…née dans une certaine terre du pays de Caux que l'on appelle Caville ou Cacheville"[744]. She is named as wife of Raoul by Orderic Vitalis, who says that she built the castle of Ivry, executed the architect Lanfred to prevent him from completing a similar construction elsewhere, and attempted to expel her husband from the castle, but was killed by him[745]. Comte Raoul & his wife had five children:

i) HUGUES d'Ivry (-Oct 1049). Guillaume de Jumièges names Hugues bishop of Bayeux as son of comte Raoul, when recording that the castle of Ivry was confiscated from him by Robert II Duke of Normandy[746]. Seigneur d'Ivry. Bishop of Bayeux 1015. Hugues had [two] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

- see below.

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume de Jumièges records that one of the daughters of Raoul & his wife married Osbern de Crepon[747]. "Willelmus et frater eius Osbernus" donated "terram…Herchembaldus vicecomes et Turoldus, comitissæ Gunnoris camerarius" and revenue from land received by "Croco et Erchembaldus filii eiusdem Erchembaldi vicecomitis" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the consent of "matre eorum Emma", for the soul of "patris sui Osberni cognomento Pacifici", by charter dated to [1035/60], signed by "…Godeboldi, Daneboldi, Ansfredi filii Osberni, Gisleberti filii Turgisii…"[748]. "Osberni frater eius [Willelmi]" witnessed a charter dated 1038 or after[749]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[750]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1040]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[751]. m RICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[752].

(b) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the wife of "Hugues le second…[fils de] Hugues de Montfort dit le Barbu" was "la fille de Richard de Belfage"[753]. m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

(c) daughters . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[754].

iv) RAOUL d'Ivry (-after [1020/30]). "Hugo Baiocassine urbis episcopus et Rodulfi quondam comitis filius" donated property to Jumièges by charter dated to [1020/30][755]. It is assumed that the donors were brothers although this is not certain.

Ralph or Raoul was the son of Sprota and her second husband Esperleng.

RAOUL d'Ivry (-after 1011). Guillaume de Jumièges names Raoul as uterine brother of Richard Comte [de Normandie], specifying that the latter consulted him about arrangements for the succession in Normandy when dying[657]. Comte de Bayeux. m AUBREE, daughter of --- (-murdered <nowiki>----</nowiki>). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Raoul and "Eranberge…née dans une certaine terre du pays de Caux que l'on appelle Caville ou Cacheville"[658]. She is named as wife of Raoul by Orderic Vitalis, who says that she built the castle of Ivry, executed the architect Lanfred to prevent him from completing a similar construction elsewhere, attempted to expel her husband from the castle, and was killed by him[659]. Comte Raoul & his wife had five children:

i) HUGUES d'Ivry (-Oct 1049). Guillaume de Jumièges names Hugues bishop of Bayeux as son of comte Raoul, when recording that the castle of Ivry was confiscated from him by Robert II Duke of Normandy[660]. Seigneur d'Ivry. Bishop of Bayeux 1015. Hugues had [two] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

(a) ROGER . "Rogerius Hugonis episcopi filius" sold land in Blovilla and Novillula to Sainte-Trinité in an undated charter[661]. m ODA, daughter of ---. "Odain uxore sua" is named in the undated charter of "Rogerius Hugonis episcopi filius"[662]. Roger & his wife had two children:

(b) [AUBREE . Chibnall speculates that the grandmother of Ascelin Goël may have been the daughter of Hugues Bishop of Bayeux, which may have provided her grandson with a claim to Ivry by inheritance[666], assuming that her illegitimacy presented no obstacle. Her two marriages are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[667], but the primary sources which confirm them have not yet been identified. m firstly ROBERT d'Ivry, son of ---. [1060]. m secondly ALBERT de Cravent .]

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume de Jumièges records that one of the daughters of Raoul & his wife married Osbern de Crepon[668]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[669]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1040]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[670]. m RICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT .

(b) daughter . m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

(c) daughters .

iv) RAOUL d'Ivry (-after [1020/30]). "Hugo Baiocassine urbis episcopus et Rodulfi quondam comitis filius" donated property to Jumièges by charter dated to [1020/30][671]. It is assumed that the donors were brothers although this is not certain.

v) JEAN d'Ivry (-1079). Brother of Hugues, according to Orderic Vitalis[672]. Bishop of Avranches 1061. The Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis records that "Joannes filius Rodulfi comitis fratris Ricardi" succeeded as Archbishop of Rouen in 1069, having been bishop of Avranches for seven years and three months; the same source records the death in 1079 of "Joannes Rothomag. Archiepiscopus"[673].

Rodulf of Ivry (Rodolf, Raoul, comte d'Ivry) (died c. 1015) was a Norman noble, half-brother of Richard I of Normandy.

Regent in Normandy

Duke Richard I died in 996. His successor Richard II of Normandy being young, Rodulf took effective power[1], alongside Richard's widow Gunnor.

According to William of Jumièges he had to quell dual rebellions in 996, of peasants and nobility; against the former he cut off feet and hands.[2]. He arrested the chief aristocratic rebel Guillaume, comte d'Exmes.

Count

The counts of the duchy of Normandy were in place from around the year 1000; Rodulf is the first whose title can be attested by a document (of 1011). Pierre Bauduin following David Bates[3] states that territorial designations for these titles came in only in the 1040s.[4]. Contemporary sources, and Dudon de Saint-Quentin , speak only of Rodulf as "count", never "of Ivry"; this is found only in later writers. Ordericus Vitalis, for example, calls him count of Bayeux. Historians now consider this erroneous, following the later Robert de Torigni, who makes Rodulf count of Ivry.

In strategic terms, Ivry was on the boundary of the duchy of Normandy, by an important crossroads on a roman Road, by the valley of the River Eure. Over some decades the Normans had struggled there against the forces of the county of Blois, after its control had reached Dreux. This position mattered for the assertion of domination of the south-east of the Évrecin.

Consistently, the duchy may have conceded to the county in the direction of the county of Hiémois and towards Lieuvin (forêt du Vièvre).

Family

He was son of Eperleng, master miller of Vaudreuil, and of Sprota, widow of William I, Duke of Normandy; he therefore shared his mother with Richard I.

He married Eremberga, who died before 1011, then Aubrée de Canville. His children were

Rodulf of Ivry (Rodolf, Raoul, comte d'Ivry) (died c. 1015)[1] was a Norman noble, and regent of Normandy during the minority of Richard II. Rodolf was the son of Eperleng, a rich owner of several mills at Vaudreuil, and of his wife Sprota, who by William I, Duke of Normandy had been mother of Richard I of Normandy, making Rodolf the Duke's half-brother. Raoul/Rodulf of Ivry

Rodulf of Ivry (Rodolf, Raoul, comte d'Ivry) (died c. 1015)[1] was a Norman noble, and regent of Normandy during the minority of Richard II.[2]

Life

Rodolf was the son of Eperleng, a rich owner of several mills at Vaudreuil, and of his wife Sprota, who by William I, Duke of Normandy had been mother of Richard I of Normandy, making Rodolf the Duke's half-brother.[3][4]

When Richard died in 996, Rodulf took effective power during the minority of his nephew, Richard II of Normandy,[5] alongside the boy's mother, Gunnor.

According to William of Jumièges he had to quell dual rebellions in 996, of peasants and nobility; against the former he cut off feet and hands.[6] He arrested the chief aristocratic rebel Guillaume, comte d'Exmes.

Count

The counts of the duchy of Normandy were in place from around the year 1000; Rodulf is the first whose title can be attested by a document (of 1011).[7] Pierre Bauduin following David Bates[8] states that territorial designations for these titles came in only in the 1040s.[9] Contemporary sources, and Dudon de Saint-Quentin, speak only of Rodulf as "count", never "of Ivry"; this is found only in later writers. Ordericus Vitalis, for example, calls him count of Bayeux. Historians now consider this erroneous, following the later Robert de Torigni, who makes Rodulf count of Ivry.

In strategic terms, Ivry was on the boundary of the duchy of Normandy, by an important crossroads on a roman Road, by the valley of the River Eure. Over some decades the Normans had struggled there against the forces of the county of Blois, after its control had reached Dreux. This position mattered for the assertion of domination of the south-east of the Évrecin.

Consistently, the duchy may have conceded to the county in the direction of the county of Hiémois and towards Lieuvin (forêt du Vièvre).

Family

He married Aubrée de Canville, who died before 1011.[3][10] His children were:

Hugues, bishop of Bayeux (c. 1011-1049)[10] Jean d'Ivry, bishop of Avranches (1060–1067) then archbishop of Rouen (1067–1079)[10] Emma, who married Osbern de Crépon (Osbern the Steward), mother of William FitzOsbern[10] Raoul[10] Daughter of unknown name, who married Richard de Beaufou[10] References

Born before 945. Charles Cawley gives his dates as birth between 942 and 950 and death sometime after 1011.

Son of Esperleng de Pîtres, son of --- and Sprota, daughter of --- . From Brittany. Sprota was previously the concubine or wife of Guillaume I Comte [de Normandie].

Raoul married Aubree de de Caville/Cacheville. Her parents are unknown. She was murdered, possibly by her husband. She is also named as Eranberge by other sources. It appears that he had only one wife: Aubree / Eranberge.

Raoul d'Ivry and his wife had five children:

Hugues d'Ivry who died in October 1049 Emma d'Ivry who married Osbern de Crepon an unnamed daughter who married Richard de Beaufour (de Belfage) Raoul d'Ivry who died after 1020/30 Jean d'Ivry who died in 1079 and was Bishop of Avranches 1061 and Archbishop of Rouen in 1069 Sources and Notes

Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Sprota and "Asperleng" who owned the mills in the valley of la Risle[742]. Esperling & his wife had [four or more] children.

RAOUL d'Ivry ([942/50]-after 1011). Guillaume de Jumièges names Raoul as uterine brother of Richard Comte [de Normandie], specifying that the latter consulted him about arrangements for the succession in Normandy when dying[743]. It is assumed that he was born after the death of Comte Guillaume I, but it is unlikely that he was born much later than 945 if it is correct that the birth of his older half-brother Richard can be dated to [1032] (see the document NORMANDY DUKES). Comte [de Bayeux]. m AUBREE [de Caville/Cacheville], daughter of --- (-murdered

). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Raoul and "Eranberge…née dans une certaine terre du pays de Caux que l'on appelle Caville ou Cacheville"[744]. She is named as wife of Raoul by Orderic Vitalis, who says that she built the castle of Ivry, executed the architect Lanfred to prevent him from completing a similar construction elsewhere, and attempted to expel her husband from the castle, but was killed by him[745]. Comte Raoul & his wife had five children:

i) HUGUES d'Ivry (-Oct 1049). Guillaume de Jumièges names Hugues bishop of Bayeux as son of comte Raoul, when recording that the castle of Ivry was confiscated from him by Robert II Duke of Normandy[746]. Seigneur d'Ivry. Bishop of Bayeux 1015. Hugues had [two] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

- see below.

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume de Jumièges records that one of the daughters of Raoul & his wife married Osbern de Crepon[747]. "Willelmus et frater eius Osbernus" donated "terram…Herchembaldus vicecomes et Turoldus, comitissæ Gunnoris camerarius" and revenue from land received by "Croco et Erchembaldus filii eiusdem Erchembaldi vicecomitis" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the consent of "matre eorum Emma", for the soul of "patris sui Osberni cognomento Pacifici", by charter dated to [1035/60], signed by "…Godeboldi, Daneboldi, Ansfredi filii Osberni, Gisleberti filii Turgisii…"[748]. "Osberni frater eius [Willelmi]" witnessed a charter dated 1038 or after[749]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[750]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1040]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[751]. m RICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[752].

(b) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the wife of "Hugues le second…[fils de] Hugues de Montfort dit le Barbu" was "la fille de Richard de Belfage"[753]. m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

(c) daughters . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[754].

iv) RAOUL d'Ivry (-after [1020/30]). "Hugo Baiocassine urbis episcopus et Rodulfi quondam comitis filius" donated property to Jumièges by charter dated to [1020/30][755]. It is assumed that the donors were brothers although this is not certain.

Ralph or Raoul was the son of Sprota and her second husband Esperleng.

RAOUL d'Ivry (-after 1011). Guillaume de Jumièges names Raoul as uterine brother of Richard Comte [de Normandie], specifying that the latter consulted him about arrangements for the succession in Normandy when dying[657]. Comte de Bayeux. m AUBREE, daughter of --- (-murdered ----). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Raoul and "Eranberge…née dans une certaine terre du pays de Caux que l'on appelle Caville ou Cacheville"[658]. She is named as wife of Raoul by Orderic Vitalis, who says that she built the castle of Ivry, executed the architect Lanfred to prevent him from completing a similar construction elsewhere, attempted to expel her husband from the castle, and was killed by him[659]. Comte Raoul & his wife had five children: i) HUGUES d'Ivry (-Oct 1049). Guillaume de Jumièges names Hugues bishop of Bayeux as son of comte Raoul, when recording that the castle of Ivry was confiscated from him by Robert II Duke of Normandy[660]. Seigneur d'Ivry. Bishop of Bayeux 1015. Hugues had [two] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

(a) ROGER . "Rogerius Hugonis episcopi filius" sold land in Blovilla and Novillula to Sainte-Trinité in an undated charter[661]. m ODA, daughter of ---. "Odain uxore sua" is named in the undated charter of "Rogerius Hugonis episcopi filius"[662]. Roger & his wife had two children:

(b) [AUBREE . Chibnall speculates that the grandmother of Ascelin Goël may have been the daughter of Hugues Bishop of Bayeux, which may have provided her grandson with a claim to Ivry by inheritance[666], assuming that her illegitimacy presented no obstacle. Her two marriages are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[667], but the primary sources which confirm them have not yet been identified. m firstly ROBERT d'Ivry, son of ---. [1060]. m secondly ALBERT de Cravent .]

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume de Jumièges records that one of the daughters of Raoul & his wife married Osbern de Crepon[668]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[669]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1040]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[670]. m RICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT .

(b) daughter . m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

(c) daughters .

iv) RAOUL d'Ivry (-after [1020/30]). "Hugo Baiocassine urbis episcopus et Rodulfi quondam comitis filius" donated property to Jumièges by charter dated to [1020/30][671]. It is assumed that the donors were brothers although this is not certain.

v) JEAN d'Ivry (-1079). Brother of Hugues, according to Orderic Vitalis[672]. Bishop of Avranches 1061. The Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis records that "Joannes filius Rodulfi comitis fratris Ricardi" succeeded as Archbishop of Rouen in 1069, having been bishop of Avranches for seven years and three months; the same source records the death in 1079 of "Joannes Rothomag. Archiepiscopus"[673].

Duke Richard I died in 996. His successor Richard II of Normandy being young, Rodulf took effective power[1], alongside Richard's widow Gunnor.

According to William of Jumièges he had to quell dual rebellions in 996, of peasants and nobility; against the former he cut off feet and hands.[2]. He arrested the chief aristocratic rebel Guillaume, comte d'Exmes.

Count

The counts of the duchy of Normandy were in place from around the year 1000; Rodulf is the first whose title can be attested by a document (of 1011). Pierre Bauduin following David Bates[3] states that territorial designations for these titles came in only in the 1040s.[4]. Contemporary sources, and Dudon de Saint-Quentin , speak only of Rodulf as "count", never "of Ivry"; this is found only in later writers. Ordericus Vitalis, for example, calls him count of Bayeux. Historians now consider this erroneous, following the later Robert de Torigni, who makes Rodulf count of Ivry.

In strategic terms, Ivry was on the boundary of the duchy of Normandy, by an important crossroads on a roman Road, by the valley of the River Eure. Over some decades the Normans had struggled there against the forces of the county of Blois, after its control had reached Dreux. This position mattered for the assertion of domination of the south-east of the Évrecin.

Consistently, the duchy may have conceded to the county in the direction of the county of Hiémois and towards Lieuvin (forêt du Vièvre).

Family

He was son of Eperleng, master miller of Vaudreuil, and of Sprota, widow of William I, Duke of Normandy; he therefore shared his mother with Richard I.

He married Eremberga, who died before 1011, then Aubrée de Canville. His children were

Hugues, bishop of Bayeux (c. 1011-1049) Jean d'Ivry, bishop of Avranches (1060-1067) then archbishop of Rouen (1067-1079) Emma, who married Osbern de Crépon (Osbern the Steward), mother of William FitzOsbern Raoul Daughter of unknown name, who married Richard de Beaufou. Source

Rodulf of Ivry (Rodolf, Raoul, comte d'Ivry) (died c. 1015)[1] was a Norman noble, and regent of Normandy during the minority of Richard II. Rodolf was the son of Eperleng, a rich owner of several mills at Vaudreuil, and of his wife Sprota, who by William I, Duke of Normandy had been mother of Richard I of Normandy, making Rodolf the Duke's half-brother.

-Raoul/Rodulf of Ivry

RAOUL d'Ivry ([942/50]-after 1011). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus dux primus” consulted “Rodulfo comite suo equidem uterino fratre” about his succession before he died[1038]. It is assumed that he was born after the death of Comte Guillaume I, but it is unlikely that he was born much later than 945 if it is correct that the birth of his older half-brother Richard can be dated to [1032] (see the document NORMANDY DUKES). Comte [de Bayeux].

[m firstly ALBREDA, daughter of ? (murdered ). Orderic Vitalis records that “Albereda uxor Radulfi Bajocensis comitis” built “arcem de Ibreio” [Ivry] which “Hugo Bajocensis episcopus frater Johannis Rotomagensis archiepiscopi” defended “contra duces Normannorum multo tempore”, adding that it was reported that “præfata matrona” beheaded “Lanfredum architectum” after the castle was finished so that he could not build a similar structure for anyone else, and tried to expel her husband who killed her[1039]. It is not certain that “Albereda” in Orderic´s passage was the same person as “Eremburgam” in Guillaume de Jumièges. It is curious that Orderic does not state in his text that Hugues Bishop of Bayeux and Jean Archbishop of Rouen were the children of “Albereda”: the omission would best be explained if they were born from another marriage of Raoul and “Eremburgam” their mother was a different person from “Albereda”. If this speculation is correct, the chronology of the children of Raoul suggests that they were born later in his life, presumably from a second marriage if he did marry twice, in which case Albreda would have been his first wife.]

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume of Jumièges records that one of the daughters of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Osberno de Crepon de qua natus est Willelmus filius Osberni”[1042]. "Willelmus et frater eius Osbernus" donated "terram…Herchembaldus vicecomes et Turoldus, comitissæ Gunnoris camerarius" and revenue from land received by "Croco et Erchembaldus filii eiusdem Erchembaldi vicecomitis" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the consent of "matre eorum Emma", for the soul of "patris sui Osberni cognomento Pacifici", by charter dated to [1035/60], signed by "…Godeboldi, Daneboldi, Ansfredi filii Osberni, Gisleberti filii Turgisii…"[1043]. "Osberni frater eius [Willelmi]" witnessed a charter dated 1038 or after[1044]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[1045]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1038/42]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume of Jumièges records that another daughter of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Richardus de Bello-fago” by whom she had “Robertum qui ei successit et filias plures, quarum una iuncta est Hugoni de Monte-forti matrimonio”[1046]. m RICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT de Beaufour . Guillaume of Jumièges records that another daughter of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Richardus de Bello-fago” by whom she had “Robertum qui ei successit et filias plures, quarum una iuncta est Hugoni de Monte-forti matrimonio”[1047]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Robertus...de Bellofago” towards the end of his life became a monk at Bec, where “filii eius Richardus et Willelmus” also entered religion[1048]. m ---. The name of Robert´s wife is not known. Robert & his wife had two children:

(1) RICHARD de Beaufour . “Robertus...de Bellofago” towards the end of his life became a monk at Bec, where “filii eius Richardus et Willelmus” also entered religion[1049].

(2) GUILLAUME de Beaufour . “Robertus...de Bellofago” towards the end of his life became a monk at Bec, where “filii eius Richardus et Willelmus” also entered religion[1050].

(b) daughter . Guillaume of Jumièges records that another daughter of “Rodulphum” and his wife “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” married “Richardus de Bello-fago” by whom she had “Robertum qui ei successit et filias plures, quarum una iuncta est Hugoni de Monte-forti matrimonio”[1051]. m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

iv) JEAN d'Ivry (-1079). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodulphum” married “Erembergam...natam in quadam villa Calcini territorii...Cavilla” and that they had “duos filios Hugonem postea episcopum Baiocensem et Ioannem Abricatensem...”[1053]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Albereda uxor Radulfi Bajocensis comitis” built “arcem de Ibreio” [Ivry] which “Hugo Bajocensis episcopus frater Johannis Rotomagensis archiepiscopi” defended “contra duces Normannorum multo tempore”[1054]. Considering the date of his death, Jean must have been considerably younger than his brother Hugues. One possibility is that he was born from a second unrecorded marriage of his mother. Bishop of Avranches 1061. Orderic Vitalis records that “Lanfrancum Cadomensem abbatem” was appointed to succeed after the death of “Maurilius Rotomagensis archiepiscopus” but refused the task and pressed for the appointment of “Joannem Abrincatensium præsulem...filius Radulphi comitis Bajocensium...frater...uterinus Ricardi senioris ducis Normannorum” (who had held that post for seven years and three months, and was archbishop for ten years), even travelling to Rome to obtain Papal consent[1055]. Archbishop of Rouen 1069. Guillaume of Jumièges records the death “V Id Aug” 1067 of “Maurilius...archiepiscopus Rotomagensis” and the appointment of “Ioannes Abrincatinæ urbis præsul...comitis Rodulphi filius” as his successor[1056]. The Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis records that "Joannes filius Rodulfi comitis fratris Ricardi" succeeded as Archbishop of Rouen in 1069, having been bishop of Avranches for seven years and three months[1057]. Orderic Vitalis records the death “XVI Kal Aug” 1077 of "Hugo Lexoviensis episcopus", the subsequent dispute about his place of burial with “Johanni archiepiscopo” who refused to accept the king´s decision at Rouen and, while returning from there by mule, was struck down by a violent seizure, after which he survived for two years without being able to speak[1058]. The Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis records the death in 1079 of "Joannes Rothomag. Archiepiscopus"[1059]. Orderic Vitalis records the death in 1079 of “Johannes archiepiscopus” after governing for eight years and his burial "in baptisterio basilicæ ad Aquilonem", and also records his epitaph[1060].

Rodulf of Ivry (Rodolf, Raoul, comte d'Ivry) (died c. 1015)[1] was a Norman noble, and regent of Normandy during the minority of Richard II.[2]

Life

Rodolf was the son of Eperleng, a rich owner of several mills at Vaudreuil, and of his wife Sprota, who by William I, Duke of Normandy had been mother of Richard I of Normandy, making Rodolf the Duke's half-brother.[3][4]

When Richard died in 996, Rodulf took effective power during the minority of his nephew, Richard II of Normandy,[5] alongside the boy's mother, Gunnor.

According to William of Jumièges he had to quell dual rebellions in 996, of peasants and nobility; against the former he cut off feet and hands.[6] He arrested the chief aristocratic rebel Guillaume, comte d'Exmes.

Count

The counts of the duchy of Normandy were in place from around the year 1000; Rodulf is the first whose title can be attested by a document (of 1011).[7] Pierre Bauduin following David Bates[8] states that territorial designations for these titles came in only in the 1040s.[9] Contemporary sources, and Dudon de Saint-Quentin, speak only of Rodulf as "count", never "of Ivry"; this is found only in later writers. Ordericus Vitalis, for example, calls him count of Bayeux. Historians now consider this erroneous, following the later Robert de Torigni, who makes Rodulf count of Ivry.

In strategic terms, Ivry was on the boundary of the duchy of Normandy, by an important crossroads on a roman Road, by the valley of the River Eure. Over some decades the Normans had struggled there against the forces of the county of Blois, after its control had reached Dreux. This position mattered for the assertion of domination of the south-east of the Évrecin.

Consistently, the duchy may have conceded to the county in the direction of the county of Hiémois and towards Lieuvin (forêt du Vièvre).

Family

He married Aubrée de Canville, who died before 1011.[3][10] His children were:

Hugues, bishop of Bayeux (c. 1011-1049)[10] Jean d'Ivry, bishop of Avranches (1060–1067) then archbishop of Rouen (1067–1079)[10] Emma, who married Osbern de Crépon (Osbern the Steward), mother of William FitzOsbern[10] Raoul[10] Daughter of unknown name, who married Richard de Beaufou[10] References

Born before 945. Charles Cawley gives his dates as birth between 942 and 950 and death sometime after 1011.

Son of Esperleng de Pîtres, son of --- and Sprota, daughter of --- . From Brittany. Sprota was previously the concubine or wife of Guillaume I Comte [de Normandie].

Raoul married Aubree de de Caville/Cacheville. Her parents are unknown. She was murdered, possibly by her husband. She is also named as Eranberge by other sources. It appears that he had only one wife: Aubree / Eranberge.

Raoul d'Ivry and his wife had five children:

Hugues d'Ivry who died in October 1049 Emma d'Ivry who married Osbern de Crepon an unnamed daughter who married Richard de Beaufour (de Belfage) Raoul d'Ivry who died after 1020/30 Jean d'Ivry who died in 1079 and was Bishop of Avranches 1061 and Archbishop of Rouen in 1069 Sources and Notes

Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Sprota and "Asperleng" who owned the mills in the valley of la Risle[742]. Esperling & his wife had [four or more] children.

RAOUL d'Ivry ([942/50]-after 1011). Guillaume de Jumièges names Raoul as uterine brother of Richard Comte [de Normandie], specifying that the latter consulted him about arrangements for the succession in Normandy when dying[743]. It is assumed that he was born after the death of Comte Guillaume I, but it is unlikely that he was born much later than 945 if it is correct that the birth of his older half-brother Richard can be dated to [1032] (see the document NORMANDY DUKES). Comte [de Bayeux]. m AUBREE [de Caville/Cacheville], daughter of --- (-murdered

). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Raoul and "Eranberge…née dans une certaine terre du pays de Caux que l'on appelle Caville ou Cacheville"[744]. She is named as wife of Raoul by Orderic Vitalis, who says that she built the castle of Ivry, executed the architect Lanfred to prevent him from completing a similar construction elsewhere, and attempted to expel her husband from the castle, but was killed by him[745]. Comte Raoul & his wife had five children:

i) HUGUES d'Ivry (-Oct 1049). Guillaume de Jumièges names Hugues bishop of Bayeux as son of comte Raoul, when recording that the castle of Ivry was confiscated from him by Robert II Duke of Normandy[746]. Seigneur d'Ivry. Bishop of Bayeux 1015. Hugues had [two] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

- see below.

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume de Jumièges records that one of the daughters of Raoul & his wife married Osbern de Crepon[747]. "Willelmus et frater eius Osbernus" donated "terram…Herchembaldus vicecomes et Turoldus, comitissæ Gunnoris camerarius" and revenue from land received by "Croco et Erchembaldus filii eiusdem Erchembaldi vicecomitis" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the consent of "matre eorum Emma", for the soul of "patris sui Osberni cognomento Pacifici", by charter dated to [1035/60], signed by "…Godeboldi, Daneboldi, Ansfredi filii Osberni, Gisleberti filii Turgisii…"[748]. "Osberni frater eius [Willelmi]" witnessed a charter dated 1038 or after[749]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[750]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1040]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[751]. m RICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[752].

(b) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the wife of "Hugues le second…[fils de] Hugues de Montfort dit le Barbu" was "la fille de Richard de Belfage"[753]. m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

(c) daughters . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[754].

iv) RAOUL d'Ivry (-after [1020/30]). "Hugo Baiocassine urbis episcopus et Rodulfi quondam comitis filius" donated property to Jumièges by charter dated to [1020/30][755]. It is assumed that the donors were brothers although this is not certain.

Ralph or Raoul was the son of Sprota and her second husband Esperleng.

RAOUL d'Ivry (-after 1011). Guillaume de Jumièges names Raoul as uterine brother of Richard Comte [de Normandie], specifying that the latter consulted him about arrangements for the succession in Normandy when dying[657]. Comte de Bayeux. m AUBREE, daughter of --- (-murdered ----). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Raoul and "Eranberge…née dans une certaine terre du pays de Caux que l'on appelle Caville ou Cacheville"[658]. She is named as wife of Raoul by Orderic Vitalis, who says that she built the castle of Ivry, executed the architect Lanfred to prevent him from completing a similar construction elsewhere, attempted to expel her husband from the castle, and was killed by him[659]. Comte Raoul & his wife had five children: i) HUGUES d'Ivry (-Oct 1049). Guillaume de Jumièges names Hugues bishop of Bayeux as son of comte Raoul, when recording that the castle of Ivry was confiscated from him by Robert II Duke of Normandy[660]. Seigneur d'Ivry. Bishop of Bayeux 1015. Hugues had [two] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

(a) ROGER . "Rogerius Hugonis episcopi filius" sold land in Blovilla and Novillula to Sainte-Trinité in an undated charter[661]. m ODA, daughter of ---. "Odain uxore sua" is named in the undated charter of "Rogerius Hugonis episcopi filius"[662]. Roger & his wife had two children:

(b) [AUBREE . Chibnall speculates that the grandmother of Ascelin Goël may have been the daughter of Hugues Bishop of Bayeux, which may have provided her grandson with a claim to Ivry by inheritance[666], assuming that her illegitimacy presented no obstacle. Her two marriages are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[667], but the primary sources which confirm them have not yet been identified. m firstly ROBERT d'Ivry, son of ---. [1060]. m secondly ALBERT de Cravent .]

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume de Jumièges records that one of the daughters of Raoul & his wife married Osbern de Crepon[668]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[669]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1040]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[670]. m RICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT .

(b) daughter . m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

(c) daughters .

iv) RAOUL d'Ivry (-after [1020/30]). "Hugo Baiocassine urbis episcopus et Rodulfi quondam comitis filius" donated property to Jumièges by charter dated to [1020/30][671]. It is assumed that the donors were brothers although this is not certain.

v) JEAN d'Ivry (-1079). Brother of Hugues, according to Orderic Vitalis[672]. Bishop of Avranches 1061. The Chronicon S. Stephani Cadomensis records that "Joannes filius Rodulfi comitis fratris Ricardi" succeeded as Archbishop of Rouen in 1069, having been bishop of Avranches for seven years and three months; the same source records the death in 1079 of "Joannes Rothomag. Archiepiscopus"[673].

Duke Richard I died in 996. His successor Richard II of Normandy being young, Rodulf took effective power[1], alongside Richard's widow Gunnor.

According to William of Jumièges he had to quell dual rebellions in 996, of peasants and nobility; against the former he cut off feet and hands.[2]. He arrested the chief aristocratic rebel Guillaume, comte d'Exmes.

Count

The counts of the duchy of Normandy were in place from around the year 1000; Rodulf is the first whose title can be attested by a document (of 1011). Pierre Bauduin following David Bates[3] states that territorial designations for these titles came in only in the 1040s.[4]. Contemporary sources, and Dudon de Saint-Quentin , speak only of Rodulf as "count", never "of Ivry"; this is found only in later writers. Ordericus Vitalis, for example, calls him count of Bayeux. Historians now consider this erroneous, following the later Robert de Torigni, who makes Rodulf count of Ivry.

In strategic terms, Ivry was on the boundary of the duchy of Normandy, by an important crossroads on a roman Road, by the valley of the River Eure. Over some decades the Normans had struggled there against the forces of the county of Blois, after its control had reached Dreux. This position mattered for the assertion of domination of the south-east of the Évrecin.

Consistently, the duchy may have conceded to the county in the direction of the county of Hiémois and towards Lieuvin (forêt du Vièvre).

Family

He was son of Eperleng, master miller of Vaudreuil, and of Sprota, widow of William I, Duke of Normandy; he therefore shared his mother with Richard I.

He married Eremberga, who died before 1011, then Aubrée de Canville. His children were

Hugues, bishop of Bayeux (c. 1011-1049) Jean d'Ivry, bishop of Avranches (1060-1067) then archbishop of Rouen (1067-1079) Emma, who married Osbern de Crépon (Osbern the Steward), mother of William FitzOsbern Raoul Daughter of unknown name, who married Richard de Beaufou. Source

Rodulf of Ivry (Rodolf, Raoul, comte d'Ivry) (died c. 1015)[1] was a Norman noble, and regent of Normandy during the minority of Richard II. Rodolf was the son of Eperleng, a rich owner of several mills at Vaudreuil, and of his wife Sprota, who by William I, Duke of Normandy had been mother of Richard I of Normandy, making Rodolf the Duke's half-brother. Raoul/Rodulf of Ivry From Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodulf_of_Ivry

Rodulf of Ivry (Rodolf, Raoul, comte d'Ivry) (died c. 1015)[1] was a Norman noble, and regent of Normandy during the minority of Richard II.[2]

Life

Rodolf was the son of Eperleng, a rich owner of several mills at Vaudreuil, and of his wife Sprota, who by William I, Duke of Normandy had been mother of Richard I of Normandy, making Rodolf the Duke's half-brother.[3][4]

When Richard died in 996, Rodulf took effective power during the minority of his nephew, Richard II of Normandy,[5] alongside the boy's mother, Gunnor.

According to William of Jumièges he had to quell dual rebellions in 996, of peasants and nobility; against the former he cut off feet and hands.[6] He arrested the chief aristocratic rebel Guillaume, comte d'Exmes.

Count

The counts of the duchy of Normandy were in place from around the year 1000; Rodulf is the first whose title can be attested by a document (of 1011).[7] Pierre Bauduin following David Bates[8] states that territorial designations for these titles came in only in the 1040s.[9] Contemporary sources, and Dudon de Saint-Quentin, speak only of Rodulf as "count", never "of Ivry"; this is found only in later writers. Ordericus Vitalis, for example, calls him count of Bayeux. Historians now consider this erroneous, following the later Robert de Torigni, who makes Rodulf count of Ivry.

In strategic terms, Ivry was on the boundary of the duchy of Normandy, by an important crossroads on a roman Road, by the valley of the River Eure. Over some decades the Normans had struggled there against the forces of the county of Blois, after its control had reached Dreux. This position mattered for the assertion of domination of the south-east of the Évrecin.

Consistently, the duchy may have conceded to the county in the direction of the county of Hiémois and towards Lieuvin (forêt du Vièvre).

Family

He married Aubrée de Canville, who died before 1011.[3][10] His children were:

Hugues, bishop of Bayeux (c. 1011-1049)[10] Jean d'Ivry, bishop of Avranches (1060–1067) then archbishop of Rouen (1067–1079)[10] Emma, who married Osbern de Crépon (Osbern the Steward), mother of William FitzOsbern[10] Raoul[10] Daughter of unknown name, who married Richard de Beaufou[10] References

Born before 945. Charles Cawley gives his dates as birth between 942 and 950 and death sometime after 1011.

Son of Esperleng de Pîtres, son of --- and Sprota, daughter of --- . From Brittany. Sprota was previously the concubine or wife of Guillaume I Comte [de Normandie].

Raoul married Aubree de de Caville/Cacheville. Her parents are unknown. She was murdered, possibly by her husband. She is also named as Eranberge by other sources. It appears that he had only one wife: Aubree / Eranberge.

Raoul d'Ivry and his wife had five children:

Hugues d'Ivry who died in October 1049 Emma d'Ivry who married Osbern de Crepon an unnamed daughter who married Richard de Beaufour (de Belfage) Raoul d'Ivry who died after 1020/30 Jean d'Ivry who died in 1079 and was Bishop of Avranches 1061 and Archbishop of Rouen in 1069 Sources and Notes

Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Sprota and "Asperleng" who owned the mills in the valley of la Risle[742]. Esperling & his wife had [four or more] children.

RAOUL d'Ivry ([942/50]-after 1011). Guillaume de Jumièges names Raoul as uterine brother of Richard Comte [de Normandie], specifying that the latter consulted him about arrangements for the succession in Normandy when dying[743]. It is assumed that he was born after the death of Comte Guillaume I, but it is unlikely that he was born much later than 945 if it is correct that the birth of his older half-brother Richard can be dated to [1032] (see the document NORMANDY DUKES). Comte [de Bayeux]. m AUBREE [de Caville/Cacheville], daughter of --- (-murdered

). Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Raoul and "Eranberge…née dans une certaine terre du pays de Caux que l'on appelle Caville ou Cacheville"[744]. She is named as wife of Raoul by Orderic Vitalis, who says that she built the castle of Ivry, executed the architect Lanfred to prevent him from completing a similar construction elsewhere, and attempted to expel her husband from the castle, but was killed by him[745]. Comte Raoul & his wife had five children: i) HUGUES d'Ivry (-Oct 1049). Guillaume de Jumièges names Hugues bishop of Bayeux as son of comte Raoul, when recording that the castle of Ivry was confiscated from him by Robert II Duke of Normandy[746]. Seigneur d'Ivry. Bishop of Bayeux 1015. Hugues had [two] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

- see below.

ii) EMMA d'Ivry . Guillaume de Jumièges records that one of the daughters of Raoul & his wife married Osbern de Crepon[747]. "Willelmus et frater eius Osbernus" donated "terram…Herchembaldus vicecomes et Turoldus, comitissæ Gunnoris camerarius" and revenue from land received by "Croco et Erchembaldus filii eiusdem Erchembaldi vicecomitis" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the consent of "matre eorum Emma", for the soul of "patris sui Osberni cognomento Pacifici", by charter dated to [1035/60], signed by "…Godeboldi, Daneboldi, Ansfredi filii Osberni, Gisleberti filii Turgisii…"[748]. "Osberni frater eius [Willelmi]" witnessed a charter dated 1038 or after[749]. After her husband died, she became abbess of St Amand at Rouen[750]. m OSBERN de Crepon, son of HERFAST & his wife --- (-murdered [1040]).

iii) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[751]. m RICHARD de Beaufour, son of ---. Richard & his wife had [four or more] children:

(a) ROBERT . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[752].

(b) daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the wife of "Hugues le second…[fils de] Hugues de Montfort dit le Barbu" was "la fille de Richard de Belfage"[753]. m as his first wife, HUGUES [II] de Montfort, son of HUGUES [I] de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife --- (-1088 or after).

(c) daughters . Guillaume de Jumièges records that the other (unnamed) daughter of Raoul & his wife married Richard de Belfage, naming their son Robert and recording that one of their several daughters married Hugues de Montfort[754].

iv) RAOUL d'Ivry (-after [1020/30]). "Hugo Baiocassine urbis episcopus et Rodulfi quondam comitis filius" donated property to Jumièges by charter dated to [1020/30][755]. It is assumed that the donors were brothers although this is not certain.

Ralph or Raoul was the son of Sprota and her second husband Esperleng.