Archives of the
Global Climate Change DigestA Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone DepletionPublished July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1993

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...ENERGY POLICY, ANALYSIS AND USE: GENERAL TOPICS

"Persistence of Energy Savings: What Do We Know and How Can It Be
Ensured?" E.L. Vine (Energy Anal., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley CA
94720), Energy, 17(11), 1073-1984, Nov. 1984.

Presents a conceptual framework for analyzing the persistence of energy and
demand savings, summarizes what little we know, provides guidance for conducting
persistence studies, and suggests strategies for ensuring persistence.

"Opportunity Costs of CO2," R. Kümmel (Phys. Inst., Univ. Würzburg,
D-8700 Würzburg, Ger.), 901-906. Estimates, using 1981 data from Germany,
the minimum external costs of CO2 emissions for an economy which stagnates
between the years 1981 and 2030 and then has to halve its energy input because
of global warming. Results imply a minimum range for an immediate energy tax of
26% to 108% of total energy expenditures; proceeds would support energy
conservation and the development of nonfossil sources.

Attempts to determine from a macroeconomic viewpoint the economic
feasibility of the 'soft' energy path (based on conservation and renewable
sources), as opposed to the `hard' path (fossil fuels and nuclear).

"Renewable Energy--Summary Paper for the Renewable Series," T.
Jackson (7 Greenhill's Rents, London EC1M 6BN, UK), 861-883. The guest editor
for the series draws together main conclusions of the 25 papers published since
January 1991 in this journal, and assesses the prospects for significant
contributions by renewable energy to the future world energy supply.

"Combined Heat and Power [CHP]: A Real Alternative When Carefully
Implemented," A. Verbruggen (Univ. Antwerp, UFSIA, Prinsstr. 13, B-2000
Antwerp, Belg.), 884-892. This first in a series of papers on CHP or
cogeneration discusses technological, economic and policy-related issues.

"CHP Development: Impacts of Energy Markets and Government Policies,"
E. Unterwurzacher (Economist, Europ. Bank Reconstruc. & Devel.), 893-900.
Analyzes the historical development of district heating and CHP production by
public utilities and private industry in the OECD countries, and the renewed
interest sparked by climate change concerns.

"Global Warming and Nuclear Power," D. Bodansky (Dept. Phys.,
Univ. Washington, Seattle WA 98195), 7-15. Standardized reactors of small or
medium size may enhance the prospects for a nuclear renaissance in
industrialized countries; they may also be well matched to the needs of
developing countries.

"CO2 and the World Energy System: The Role of Nuclear Power," W.
Fulkerson (Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Oak Ridge TN 37831), J.E. Jones, 23-28.
Discusses the essential elements of a needed nuclear power world enterprise,
which would be socially acceptable and would complement other nonfossil sources.
Institutional improvements are as important as technological ones.

Interest in fuel efficiency has been revived by global warming concerns.
Recent U.K. trends are analyzed, distinguishing between effects of technical
improvements and of shifts in car model availability and consumer purchasing
patterns.

"Energy, Efficiency and the Environment: The Three Big Es of
Transportation," K.J. Springer (SW Res. Inst., San Antonio TX 78228), J.
Eng. for Gas Turbines & Power--Trans. ASME, 114(3), 445-458,
July 1992. From a lecture relating recent events to these issues, which also
examines where the U.S. is headed in terms of near- and long-term controls (such
as CAFE standards) related to greenhouse warming.

Comment: "The Way To Cut Global Warming," The Chem.
Engineer, p. 3, June 25, 1992. Coal will remain vital as one of the energy
solutions to global warming; governments should reward energy conservation and
encourage clean coal technologies.