2.5 a) Looking up the heat of formation of TNT, it is -54.39 kJ/mol. After it combusts, it produces gaseous components with a heat of formation of 6*-111.8 = -670 kJ/mol. The net result is 616.4 kJ/mol, so we would expect one ton of TNT to produce 2000 lbs / (2.2 kg/lb) / (227.13 g/mol) * (616.4 kJ/mol) = 5e9 Joules.
2.5 b) Looking at the mass that is converted to energy in a uranium explosion, it is 3.3e-25 g. This equivalent to 2e-11 Joules per atom of Uranium. For 10,000 tons, you would need just 10000 * 2000 lbs / (2.2 kg/lb) / (227.13 g/mol) * (616.4 kJ/mol) / (0.2 amu * speed of light * speed of light) / 6.022e23 = 0.28 mols only!
2.5 c) That is 1/120th of the amount of total energy in 0.28 mols of Uranium.

2.6 a) The de Broglie wavelength is h/mv ≈ 6.63e-34 Joule*seconds / (.2 kg * 10 m/s) ≈ 3.32e-34 meters.
2.6 b) Using kT = mv2, we have mv = (kTm).5 ≈ (1.38e-23 J/K * 300K * 2.3 e-23 g).5 ≈ 9.76e-24 m*kg/s. So the wavelength is ≈ 6.78e-11 meters.
2.6 c) Using PV = nRT, at room temperature, 1 mol of gas will take up about 24.6 L. To compute the average distance, we can divide (.0246 m^3/6.022e23)1/3 ≈ 3.45e-9 meters.
2.6 d) We would like to have (RT/P/6.022e23)1/3=h/(kTm)1/2. Solving that for T, we find that T≈ 2.7 Kelvin.

2.7 a) If potential energy is -GMm/r, then kinetic energy required is 1/2mv2, so escape velocity is (2GM/r)1/2
2.7 b) Solving for r when v is the speed of light, we find that the radius is 2GM/(c2) = M/(6.73e26 kg/m)
2.7 c) If a mass M is converted to a photon, it's energy is 1/2Mc2 = hf = hc/l (where f is frequency and l is lambda). So l = hc/(1/2Mc2) = 2h/Mc.
2.7 d) Setting 2h/Mc = M/(6.73e26 kg/m), we see that M = 5.45e-8 kg.
2.7 e) The size is very small, 2h/Mc = 8.1e-35 meters.
2.7 f) Yet the energy is 1/2Mc2 = 2.45e9 Joules.

2.8 a) We can take a cross-section of the pyramid and turn this problem into a circle inscribed inside an isosceles triangle.