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Friday, January 25, 2013

I’ve recently started a new class at my university and it’s about corporate law, and so far I’ve found this extremely fascinating – and the reason for this is because the very origin, and essence as to the psychopathic nature of corporations that act without mercy, and consideration – for one purpose only – PROFIT – is regulated and formed in the corporate law. It’s in-fact in the corporate law where it’s stipulated that the MAIN PURPOSE of the corporation is to generate profit for it’s shareholders. So, in this blog-post I am going to walk you through the very basics of corporate law – to as such show that the idea, and belief that the corporation is somehow to blame for the problems of our world – and the “evil CEO” – is in-fact false – because the problem doesn’t lie within the corporation, or the CEO – these are merely mental ideas of agreement that have been designed and imprinted with the symbolism of greed, as can be seen in the corporate law.

Firstly – I will explain exactly what a corporation is and how it functions. Now – in order to understand how the corporation came to be what it is today it’s of benefit to look back into history – and see why the corporation was first born. As such – the birthplace of the corporation was in the wake of the industrial revolution, as it was realized that a massive infrastructure of railways would really benefit the productivity of the newly created industries. But as you can imagine railways are no cheap thing – and obviously at that time there was no single man that wanted to stand the risk of such a massive investment. Accordingly came the idea of the “joint venture” – meaning that – several investors decided to join together with their riches to as such pave the way for the railways. Yet, there was still one problem – what if the railways didn’t bring any returns? Would then these courageous investors be completely ransacked by bankers, and other debtors claiming back their money? That could obviously not happen – and as such the corporation was formed – and it was designed as a “legal entity” – and would as such be responsible for all the debts and the shareholders (owners) of this legal entity – would as such not have to be personally responsible if their business venture would completely go of rails. The “investors” would as such not have to loose their home, wife, and mule only because their business went to shit – they would be spared and the legal entity (the corporation) would instead take the hits; which wasn’t as serious to the legal entity because it wasn’t a flesh and blood being and didn’t require a home, a wife, or a mule.

Thus – the first railways where built and they were a great success – and much money was made – and within all of this the corporation had been created. And it differed in two major ways in comparison to other business forms that had existed in the past – it didn’t consist of a real person as it was a legal entity, and it’s owners didn’t have to worry about financial failure – because the corporation would be responsible for any debts, and fiscal disasters.

So – to explain the organization of a corporation – it functions as follows – the owners of a corporation is it’s “share-holders” – it’s these persons that put most of the cash into the corporation that make it “come alive” – as they buy their shares in the corpus with the hope that these are later to give more money back (it’s almost like Frankenstein receiving electricity).

These owners though do not personally direct the corporation – because that is what the board of directors does, though they answers under the shareholders. The board of directors though do not control the daily movement and direction of the corporation, because that is what the CEO do – and the CEO answers under the board of directors, that in turn answer under the shareholders. So, here we can see a fascinating thing – that the ownership of the corporation is split from the control of the property of the corporation – because the shareholders own the corporation yet it’s not them that in-fact move, and control the property that is the corporation; as such the shareholders aren't really aware of what their investment of money is up to – all they want is – money back on their investment ASAP!

And this is the very essence of the problem as to why the corporation has become such a all consuming monster in our world – that rebukes any notion of morality in order to further it’s profits. Because what have the shareholders instructed their corporation – with it’s built-in brain as the board of directors, and the arms, and legs as the CEO? Well – they’ve told this corpus to MAKE PROFIT! GET ME SOME RETURNS ON MY STOCK! And what will the CEO, and board of directors do? Well – they want to keep their jobs, and preferably become even more lucrative on the job-market – so they will MAKE MONEY – and lots of it! Regardless of the consequences, because hey – they are only doing their job!

As such – we have the roles in a corporation set up as such that the owners of the corporation doesn’t really know, or care about what the corporation do, as long as it gives them returns on their stock – because the corporation will have to take all the shit if something goes wrong.

So – the very reason as to why CEO’s and board of directors, and corporations – are in essence complete psychopathic maniacs in terms of the decisions that they make – is because this is what they are instructed to do by their shareholders. And who’s the shareholders? Well – that’s you and me – the normal persons – the people that have their pensions stored away in some type of economical format – maybe some type of a stock in a profitable company? And as such – the terror of corporations is brought unto the world by you and me – without us really understanding how our decision to buy stock that we want to make money from – in-fact influence and create the world we know in which corporations acts without mercy and regard for life.

We have created the corporation – and it’s regulated in our law that the main purpose of the corporation is to profit; how can we then in anyway blame the corporations for destroying our world? I mean – we have created them! The corporation is but a dead carcass – a corpus – that we’ve fueled with our money and sent on a rampage in this world to make even more money. As such – no one can stop the corporations – because the corporations are driven by our laws, and are created through political decisions – and funded by the normal guy that saves his pension in some type of a stock (stuck?); as such no activism in the world will stop this beast as the corporation – because the corporation is us in-fact.

Thus – see, realize and understand that the corporation isn’t bad – it’s only received a dysfunctional instruction – instead of writing in the law that the corporations main purpose is to make profit – we could instead write that the main purpose of the corporation is to serve all life on the planet – what a different world we would have then! As CEO’s and boards of directors would suddenly shift their attention – form trying to emulate profit – to instead emulating life – and a supportive environment for all.

See – the corporations are only a consequence of our own nature – and can as such only change when we change the instructions of ourselves, and accordingly how we instruct the extensions of ourselves – as in this case – the corporation.

A better world is possible – check out Equal Money and See how – and stay tuned for more fascinating insights into the secretive and mostly unknown world of Law.

Monday, January 21, 2013

Before I start I would like to say toViktor's(Day 1) andMike's(Day 3) posts that I agree that law is made overly complicated through its scattered nature and difficult terminology. Because of this I can't wait to get down to de-constructing, investigating and exposing the system with you. Looking forward to working with you guys!

In my view there is only a single reality to talk about and this reality is something that everyone can understand - after all we are quite literally built for it. The reality of things doesn't change through fancy terminology - however the attempt to see, realize and understand what is being said might stop when facing a barrage of previously unknown words. Therefore while I aim to use the correct terminology (because of I am studying the subject - I take this opportunity to investigate and practice) I also aim to explain them directly, through context and/or through links. I can discuss anything that remains unclear in the comments - Enjoy!

Note: I compared data from a few different sources. I am not a trained expert with numbers and therefore my calculations are approximate. If I find some errors I will correct them.

The legislation of each nation is decided by the Process of each nation.

Everynation has its own process by which it decides on how to organize for example itscrime control. Within the preparation of each new law and policy of my country the scientific institutions are consulted for suggestions, perspectives and advice. When it comes to crime controlthe process should turn to criminology and its many viewpoints that each offer a different way of explaining, and therefore fixing, the problem of crime. In a democratic system science (that something has been proven) is not enough - "political will" is also required. To get an idea of how political will for change comes about I will have a look at how Finland started its anti-tax evasion project in 1996. Since then Finland has had 6 consecutive projects and a new one is just starting. I specifically chose this topic due to its controversial nature: in one hand most are aware that it hurts a nation and the lives of each one there to loose tax revenues, but on the other hand the people who make this happen the most are people that are close to positions of power. Thereby the current inequality of opportunity is quite problematic in terms of finding the "political will" to make the necessary changes to it.

1) In the 1970's the committee on tax evasion expressed concerns about how widespread tax evasion really was - or more specifically the loss of tax revenues. It was estimated that the annual losses were around 400 million Finnish marks. One of the cases exposed was a partially government owned television factorySalora Oy. The topic of white collar crime and tax evasion was was raised in public discourse but then soon forgotten after additional resources were dedicated to research and the a tax inspection unit with police jurisdiction was formed.

2) In the 1980's the problem resurfaced when research reports (by a committee headed by Jukka Pasanen) started to project alarming estimates on how much tax revenues were lost (several billion Finish marks) but the accelerating economic growth created a lack of interest to address the problem.

3) In the 1990's Finland faced an economic depression and the question of tax evasion and white collar crime as the reason for lost tax revenues resurfaced. During that time of economic ruin the Minister of the Interior stated in a speech he gave that [rough translation] "Finland has dreamed the dream of the sleeping beauty for these past ten years after the committee of Pasanen. Now we are in the economic and in the international situation that we have to invest in the fight against economic crime (lost tax revenues) with more devotion and vigor".

Source:

Talousrikollisuus ja sen kontrolli Suomessa

(Financial crime and its control in Finland)

Anne Alvesalo-Kuusi, University of Turku

At this point Finland was in a position where the media had made it public how wide spread tax evasion and white collar crime can be with the Salora case, 20 years worth of scientific data on the topic had been created and the economic situation was threatening the foundation of our welfare state (economic endeavor and taxation).The driving principles of the formed "political will" were mainly economic considerations - not just any economic considerations but being on the brink of ruin - and the demands made by the public (fixing the economy was the only question on the minds of the public during theeconomic depression of the early 90's). In my opinion the problem within this can be depicted by comparing an artist to an entertainer: an artist creates art for the sake of the expression itself until it reaches perfection (if it can ever even do so). An entertained in the others hand develops an image and designs a show that brings in an audience - here the show is as good as is required to please the audience and to thereby bring in the money. Now with entertainers we know that we are paying to see a show (not art), but with politicians it is rarely realized that instead of real artists we have entertainers who are trying to make a living. Why else would we time and time again apply short term solutions to long term problems? Now to place my opinion into perspective I must ask the question whether or not the way Finland started to combat tax evasion and lost tax revenues was effective - whether or not it solved the problem or if it was merely a gesture to make "the audience applaud" and then go home satisfied that something is being done. Did the projects bring back lost tax revenues? Some.The statistics show that in 2007 807 inspections exposed 218 million euros in lost tax revenues from which 36,8million was recovered (16,8%), in 2008 821 inspections exposed 245 million euros in lost tax revenues from which 59,1 million were recovered (24,1%) and in 2009 802 inspections exposed 258 million in lost tax revenues from which 35,3 million was recovered (13,7%). The average return of lost tax revenues during the years 2007, 2008 and 2009 was 15,15% or 43,7 million euros.

Unfortunately the report is not that clear about nature of the corporations that "got caught". However the report lists 4 different crime types and how much they were committed (tax evasion, grand tax evasion, accounting violation and grand accounting violation). Now for regular tax evasion and accounting violation simply neglecting to report information is seen as a felony regardless of motive - technically I even commit a felony each day my taxes remain unpaid - which suggests that some of the inspections were "false alarms" and more recollected revenues were listed from taxes that would have been paid anyway but only a little late. In the grand versions of these crimes one has to neglect something completely or distort the information given for taxation with the specific purpose of evading taxes. From this one might conclude (?) that the companies that were busted for tax evasion were either organized crime or small to medium enterprises and larger companies which do not afford tax avoidance(because then the company would be legal).

Tax avoidance(from wiki):Tax avoidance is the legal usage of the tax regime to one's own advantage, to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law.

In the light of a much larger problem: Tax avoidance.

Tax avoidance of private citizens alone through tax havens is estimated to be 11,5 trillion dollars (~8,63 trillion euros). It is estimated that nations loose 255 billion dollars (~191,44 billion euros) in tax revenues this way. This figure divided by the number of nations in the world (204 according to the United Nations) the annual tax revenue losses of Finland comes down to 981 million euros (one nation average). This figure is 380% more than what was exposed in 2009 through tax evasion inspections and 2244% more than the sum that was actually reclaimed that year. It is improbable that Finland actually looses this much taxes - especially through private citizens alone - but even if I halve the figures or divide them by 3 they are still quite staggering.

Countries are dependent on the economic endeavor it can tax and the loans it takes. Within the current economy the market of each country contains many international companies (on top of the local ones) which bring a lot of employment in whatever country they operate in (as well as the tax revenues). These companies choose where they operate and thereby nations are engaged in tax competition. Simply put "the game" (national regulation) has to favor the "larger players" to arouse their interest to come to a nation in the first place to provide jobs for the people and because this has been going on for a while "the game" is currently pretty one sided. The scope of the legislation that multinational corporations can choose from is extensive - basically the tax laws of each nation and the trade agreements and unions between nations. I know two examples of how a corporation can benefit from existing in several countries and I will write about these as well as Tax Competition in Finland in a later post (suggested read:Matti ylönen - Veroparatiisit).

Small entrepreneurship devastated, trying to cut tax revenue losses by hassling criminals and the "little guy" and social spending dropping due to an unequal "playing field" letting the "big players" avoid taxes - shit.

In the light of how much tax revenues are lost to tax avoidance(which existence is ethically dubious to me), tax evasion hardly seems like a problem except in the case of organized crime. With the increasing control of tax evasion, but hardly anything being done to equalize the inequality made possible by tax avoidance I think it is safe to say that the real problem is not being addressed. I am still searching this but so far I've found activist/"practivist" groups (such as Attac% and Ems) and a few researchers who suggest (authors of the books mentioned in this post for example) that action should be taken, but no conclusive action is being taken. Without going more into why the world's attempt to fix itself is only a seeming one, I will just leave this here. On a personal level the entrepreneurs that I've met through my small advertising company have all had tax problems due to money being tight. Re-sale for example is quite impossible in the presence of huge stores for pretty much all goods and services. Often people want to "buy local" (support the "little guy") but the buying power of their salary has dropped so dramatically through out these consecutive depressions since the 90's that they must resort to the cheaper prices of the "bigger players". Therefore even though large corporations bring jobs to a nation they make entrepreneurship A LOT harder. On a national level it seems that much of the decision-making required to solve problems like unemployment, disappearance of small to medium enterprising to competition and everything that low tax revenues leads to is out of the hands of the legislators and in the hands of the capitalists. Simply put, legislators can decide all they like but without tax revenues or loans they can't do shit. The action that ultimately solves societal problems requires money to change hands or the system of money to change so that necessary actions can be taken.

Currently the "smaller player" has to accept a disadvantageous position to the "bigger players" because they have the money - money that is required for all economic endeavor. This is a problem. I mean, I'd be glad to make someone stinking rich (even on my own expense) for building a world that works - this one obviously doesn't and it already makes people sticking rich. Consuming as the prime objective of society should definitely be changed into something else.

Tuesday, January 8, 2013

Q. Why is it extremely complicated to understand all the Laws that exist?

A. Laws as the legal systems that exist are made to be complicated so that an individual cannot understand how legal system works without seeking services of a legal professional.

Q. Does the legal system have to be so complex that it is difficult to understand?

A. No

Q. Can the legal system be simplified in such a way that the legal system operates as common sense to the bennefit to all Life here?

A. Yes

Q. How do Laws come into being?

A. Politics

Q. Should it be legal to have a legal system that perpetuates a world that is less than what is best for all Life here?

A. No

Q. What is the Law of our Being Here?

A. Equality and Oneness

Q. What do our legal systems show us about the pyschological conditioning of mankind

A. That we don't give a shit about Life

Q. Does the current framework of our legal system support the continuation of harm and abuse?

A. Yes

Q. Why does our current legal system not actively prosecute crimes against humanity?

A. Because the biggest crimes against humanity are the politicians who make and support the existing upholding of our current legal system.

Q. Why are politicians supporting crimes against humanity?

A. Greed and fear of death.

Q. Is our legal system evil?

A. Yes

Q. How can the legal system be changed to a system the supports life excellence in all ways?

A. Politics, democracy of one man one vote...therfore creating collective, effective agreements that are in the best interest of all life here.

Q. Why is there inconsitencies in laws from country to country?

A. Because a standard of life excellence as world equality and oneness has not been facilitated through the political process.

Q. Are the current legal systems a moral mind fuck?

A. Yes

Q. Who plays a role in determining the extent of the current legal systems as moral mind fucks?

A. We the people of earth determine the outcome.

Q. Are radical steps required in changing legal system from a complex problem to a simple solution?

A. Yes

Q. Has Humanity collectively been brainwashed from birth into believing and accepting current legal systems as justice best served cold?

A. Yes

Q. Does it make sense to have complex legal system?

A. No

Q. Does Legal system support slavery?

A. Yes.

Q. Are we the people responsible for legal system?

A. Yes

Q. Do our legal systems support a world of those who have and those who don't have?

A. Yes

Q. Why does our legal system support/protect self interest as like separate from what is best for everyone?

A. Life is not regarded as equal value

Q. Should all life be valued as equals here?

A. Yes

Q. Would Crime drastically reduce and become virtually non existent if the legal system was designed to support what is best for all Life here?

A. Yes!

Q. In the future, if a simplified legal system exists as a solution as what is best for supporting and upholding life excellence in all ways.....would law professionals exists as lawyers and judges as they do now?

A. No

Q. Why is the education required to become a lawyer or judge in this world so exstensive?

A. To make sure brainwashing tactics are effective in insuring being exists as a pillar of support in upholding the fuckedness as world systems of abuse and disregard for what is best for all life here.

Q. Is it possible to work within the legal systems as a means to assist and support the facilitation of change which is best for all Life?

A. Yes, this is a necessary step in forming a new way forward which is best for everyone.

Q. Is the law of equality and oneness the starting point of creating of creating a legal system which is best for all life here?

A. Yes, this is obvious common sense.

Q. Is there much work to be done in establishing a legal system which is awesome in all ways as supporting all life excellency?

A. Yes, no time to be wasted/disregarded....much work is required to be done to prepare a new world through the political democracies of one man one vote. Understanding how systems work make it easy to change systems to what is best because exposing what is not best is easy and obvious when the prinicple of what is best for all life is understood and lived.

Question and Answer Blog written by Mike McDonald, 3rd year undergraduate degree in Law from Carleton University, Canada,...upon completion of final 2 course requirements