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HelloThe story is a meditation on old age, loneliness and the contemplation of death. It is set in winter, the poet describes an elderly man braving the cold to greet passing travelers.Hello- Sheenagh PughStanza 2"However often the answer came, it wouldn't be enough."-we are told the answer (responses to the greetings he shouts to passers by) comes rarely- underlines how old man's situation= tragicthe old man's open resistance of the winter cold to stay outdoors and in the world is reiterated.She uses simile: "as if he were delaying the need to embark" liken the house he refuses to enter to an ocean, and to enter would be to "embark."Pugh compares the house with an ocean- in this context house=death.The "bustling quay" = "scrap of waste garden," the noise and the bustle= one sided conversations the man has with people who pass by his home-- by refusing to retreat indoors the man is refusing death, though Pugh hints that his efforts to remain in and of the world are somewhat futile- given the disinterest shown by those walking past= represent life."slip out of sight and sound"- sibilance- creates unsettling atmosphereStanza 3“gold coins of celandine gleam” yellow spring flowers.Yellow: can represent illness or age.-gold coins= metaphor. - Comparison to spring flowers in “rank grass”. ”Unease” of passers-by: they didn’t notice him when he was there but now he is not they are anxious.-they are “pausing”, “glancing” definition- (not looking directly at something)- not looking directly at someone is a sign of guilt. -Nature of people who the reader had empathy for feel guilty- should reader feel guilt?“drawn curtains”- house represents death. Man is in the house- euphemism for the death of the man.Enjambment throughout- creates fluency and makes it story-like.The title and endingTitle: "Hello"- a polite greeting of the man who is starting to start a conversation. It is rhetorical because no-one listensThemes & contextAgeDeathNostalgiaLoneliness IsolationComparison to Duffyidentifies target groups i.e the elderly, women & different races. ex: in 'Comprehensive'uses simplistic language- allows a wider range of people to read their poems. ex: Alluses enjambent and caesura.emotive ending: Both Pugh and Duffy leave the reader feeling something. Not a happy ending.ex: in 'Education for Leisure'

Stanza 1"no weather kept him in"- desire to remain active despite inclement conditions."perch" his arthritic body on a "old chair" evokes bleak tone of old man & surroundings. "scrap of waste garden"- The garden is a "waste", this is juxtaposed in stanza 2 when it is compared to a busy quay- not scrap to the old man.Pugh describes the man assaulting passers by "gauntlet of "hello""-trying desperately to attract their attention, suggesting a longing for human contact. "they quickened their pace; kept their distance" - creates feelings both of sadness and also shared guilt in the reader- it's easy to empathise with both the passers by who simply want to go about their day, and the man himself who is thwarted EMOTIVE LANGUAGE

Ending: the title (opening) is "hello" and the last word is "goodbye"- conventional conversation. "nobody said goodbye" explicit and blunt. Effect to the reader: makes them reader have sympathy for the old man.Context: Pugh is devoted to story telling and uses simple language