Volcanoes develop into lively whilst fluids are in movement, and erupt while those fluids get away into the ambience. Volcanic fluids are a mix of good, liquid and fuel. those combos bring about a posh diversity of circulation behaviour, specifically in the course of interplay with conduit geometry. those techniques usually are not at once observable and has to be inferred from interpretations of box remark and dimension.

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8), the constants I , n, C,, at, and Ai must be determined. 7 ' Stewart and O'Neill (1980). The response element is a single pole and is defined only byfo. 2. Central Californiri Microeurthyuake Network 37 rately for each unit (Table I). These units are ( I ) the seismometer and L-pad, (2) the seismic amplifier and voltage-controlled oscillator, (3) the discriminator at the central recording site, and (4) the 16-mm film recorder and film viewer. For the seismometer and L-pad, the constants I = 3, n = 2, and C i = C j = 1 are determined by comparing Eq.

Finally, having seismic signals from the entire network available at one location permits rapid correction of instrumental malfunctions and permits real-time monitoring and analysis of seismic activity within the network. 2. , 1971) suggested that if the crustal structure is homogeneous, stations in a seismic network should be evenly distributed by azimuth and distance. In particular, to obtain a reliable epicenter, the maximum azimuthal gap between stations should be less than 180"; to obtain a reliable focal depth, the distance from the epicenter to the nearest station should be less than the focal depth.

Latham and Nowroozi (1968) developed a system in which the telemetry link was an underwater cable leading to a recording site on land. The cable was used to transmit command and control functions and 60 Hz power to the OBS. It was also used to transmit seismic data to the recording site by an amplitude-modulated 8-kHz carrier. The instrument package contained a three-component seismometer set with 15-sec natural period, a three-component set with I-sec natural period, and other sensors such as hydrophones, pressure transducers, and a water temperature device.