Built in 1949, the Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries was Egypt's first state-owned weapons production plant. [2] During the 1960s, as a component of the Egyptian General Aero Organization, it was involved in the design, development and production of rocket fuels and warhead explosives for the al-Kahir, al-Zafir and al-Ra'id ballistic missiles. [3] It currently manufactures a wide range of mortars and artillery, tank, and air defense ammunition. [4]

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This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, or agents. Copyright 2018.