History and Medical Aspects of Students with Learning Disabilities Special Education terminology Reauthorization of IDEIA Organizations and practicing.

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Presentation on theme: "History and Medical Aspects of Students with Learning Disabilities Special Education terminology Reauthorization of IDEIA Organizations and practicing."— Presentation transcript:

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Warm-up Activity Is there any single cause to a LD? What are some examples of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes? Name a few results from brain research on students with LD. What are some aspects to different disorders? –Spoken language; written language; perceptual/motor Explain the chronology of the term learning disabilities. Were the earlier thoughts incorrect? What have been the outcomes of most LD treatments?

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IDEA 1997 (longer lists from LDOnline on class site) Adding to PL and IDEA 1990 IEP –includes the general education teacher and increases the emphasis on the parent as a member –Requires an annual review –Emphasizes the general education curriculum first Transitional IEP –Established by age 16 –Statement needed by age 14

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IDEA 1997 changes Discipline –Manifestation determination If not manifested by the disability then removal from placement cannot exceed 10 days –Functional behavioral assessment Required when a child has been removed more than 10 days –Positive behavior intervention plan Must be based on the FBA and teach replacement behaviors –Interim Alternative Educational Setting Up to 45 days; services and curriculum must match IEP needs; inappropriate behavior must be addressed

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2004 IDEiA information IEPs Who comprises an IEP team Assessment - from discrepancy to RtI? Research-based v research-supported instruction Clarified 45 school days for removal in disciplinary situations and more… (see

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Psycho-social concerns Minimal evidence of a direct connection. Thus, we are not certain which came first, the academic issues or the processing issue. However, what are likely concerns? –Bullied more often –Heavily influenced by peers –Increased anxiety –Depression May mirror that of students with ADHD (San Miguel, et al., 1996)

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Recent medical findings Poor readers share the same inactivity areas in the brain while reading difficult passages. Behavior has much to do with inputs and how brain processes reality. Neuron wiring changes with knowledge

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Results on dyslexia Left parietal sulci emits lower energy for low memory Planum temporale is symmetric in dyslexic readers Frontal regions of the brain are more symmetric and smaller than other people’s Good readers use the front and back of their brains for phonological processing while students with dyslexia use only the front We need to teach using strategies effective at developing activity essential to parts of the brain (ie., connect sounds and symbols)

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Medical Needs of Children The physical needs of children must be met before learning can be optimized Aside from brain development and wiring concerns, what other medical factors affect learning? –Hearing –Vision –Psychological

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Where to go for more information.. Brain research – Lyon; Shaywitz Legal changes – National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities; LDOnline Technology – Evers Inclusion – Everington; Giangreco Any others???

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Summary Why study instructional methods meant for students with learning disabilities? What do we know about the medical aspects of people with dyslexia? What behavioral aspects are explained in IDEA 1997 and 2004? How do some of the contemporary practices in special education affect students with learning disabilities?