European NEXUS group projects even larger revenues, using a more inclusive definition of MEMS. Microtechnology is often constructed using photolithography . Lightwaves are focused through a mask onto a surface. They solidify a chemical film. The soft, unexposed parts of the film are washed

Product engineering is an engineering discipline that deals with both design and manufacturing aspects of a product. Sometimes "Product engineers" are also called "Industrial engineers". They are expected to have employment growth of 20 percent over the projections decade, faster than the

Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly , from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to investigating whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale