The purpose of this assignment is to explain show the experiences and difficulties a person with cerebaral palsy may have and the effects that this may have on their family Information was collected by interviewing a friend of mine whose daughter was born with cp Mary is a 13 year old girl from from cork who lives with her parents and twin sister and older brother. She was born thirteen years ago, along with her twin sister two months premature after a somewhat complicated pregnancy, mary was born with cerebral palsy and is unable to write using pencil and paper and is wheelchair bound although she can walk with the aid of a walker.. Her family was concerned because she is falling behind at school and is unable to keep up on written course work. They were interested in increasing her independence as she had previously dictated all written work to family members and school personnel. She utilized dictation to another person as her main mode of writing. She is a very bright young girl.

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What is Cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy also known as CP is a condition caused by injury to the parts of the brain that control our ability to use our muscles and bodies. Cerebral affects the brain. Palsy means weakness or problems with using the muscles. Often the injury happens before birth, sometimes during delivery, soon after being born. CP can be mild, moderate, or severe. Mild CP may mean a child is clumsy. Moderate CP may mean the child walks with a limp. He or she may need a special leg brace or a cane. More severe CP can affect all parts of a child's physical abilities. A child with moderate or severe CP may have to use a wheelchair and other special equipment. Sometimes children with CP can also have learning problems, problems with hearing or seeing (called sensory problems), or intellectual disability, usually, the greater the injury to the brain, the more severe the CP. However, CP doesn't get worse over time, and most children with CP have a normal life span

http://www.nichcy.org (2009)

How is it diagnosed

Doctors diagnose cerebral palsy by testing a child’s motor skills and looking carefully at the child's medical history. In addition to checking for slow development, abnormal muscle tone, and unusual posture - a doctor also tests the child's reflexes and looks for early development of hand preference. Reflexes are movements that the body makes automatically in response to a specific cue. For example, if a new-born baby is held on its back and tilted so the legs are above its head, the baby will automatically extend its arms in a gesture, called the Moro reflex, that looks like an embrace. Babies normally lose this reflex after they reach 6 months, but those with cerebral palsy may retain it for abnormally long periods. This is just one of several reflexes that a doctor can check. Doctors can also look for hand preference -- a tendency to use either the right or left hand more often. When the doctor holds an object in front and to the side of the child, a child with hand preference will use the favoured hand to reach for the object, even when it is held closer to the opposite hand. During the first year, babies do not usually show hand preference. But babies with spastic hemiplegia, in particular, may develop a preference much earlier, since the hand on the unaffected side of their body is stronger and more useful. The next step in diagnosing cerebral palsy is to rule out other disorders that can cause movement problems. Most important, doctors must determine that the child's condition is not getting worse. Although its symptoms may change over time, cerebral palsy is not progressive. If a child is continuously losing motor skills, the problem is more likely to be genetic diseases, muscle diseases, disorders of metabolism, or tumours in the nervous system. The child's medical history, special diagnostic tests, and,...

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...CerebralPalsyCerebralPalsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture. It affects the ability to move in a coordinated and purposeful way. The exact cause is unknown, but many cases are the result of problems during pregnancy in which the brain is damaged or it does not develop normally. It can be caused from anything that interferes with normal brain development such as infections and maternal health problems. It usually occurs before or during birth, or during the first 3 to 5 years of a child’s life. Cerebralpalsy is one of the most common congenital (existing before birth or at birth) disorders of childhood.
There are a number of factors that are associated with an increased risk of developing CP. Certain infections during pregnancy such as: 1.) German measles (rubella), this is a viral infection that can be prevented with a vaccine 2.) Chickenpox (varicella), another viral infection that can be prevented by a vaccine 3.) Cytomegalovirus, is a common virus that can cause flu-like symptoms and can lead to birth defects if a mother contracts her first infection during pregnancy 4.) Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a parasite found in soil and feces of infected cats 5.) Syphilis, a sexually transmitted bacterial infection can cause CP 6.) Exposures to toxins such as mercury 7.) other problems that may increase the risk of CP,...

...CerebralPalsy (CP) is a condition that affects thousands of people each year. An estimated 764,000 children and adults are afflicted with one or more symptoms of CP. Around 8,000 infants and babies are diagnosed each year and 1,200-1,500 preschool age children are recognized with symptoms of CP (www.ucp.org). This condition is caused by “abnormal development of areas of the brain that control movement and posture” (www.ucp.org). It can also be caused by damage to the brain (usually because of head injury during the birthing process) or diseases/infections the mother has during pregnancy such as German measles, rubella, bacterial meningitis, or viral encephalitis. Other risk factors may be the loss of too much oxygen during birth and low birth weight.
CP is usually present at birth, but it might not be detected or visually apparent until the child is a few months old. “Ten percent of children who have CP acquire the disorder after birth” (www.ucp.org). This acquired CP is usually caused by brain damage that occurs while the child is a few months old. A car accident or child abuse could be a factor in causing CP in a child that is a few months old.
Doctors today classify CP into three categories. The most commonly diagnosed CP in children is called spastic cerebralpalsy. This mean the child cannot control or relax his or her...

...CerebralPalsy
Monica Thomas
Mrs. Steele
Biology 1
December 9, 2010
What is CerebralPalsy and
what causes it?

It is a disorder of the nervous system that
targets the muscle tone, movement, and other
motor skills.

In most cases of cerebralpalsy, the causes are
unknown, but in some, it develops during
pregnancy in which the brain isn’t fully
developed or there is a significant decrease in
the amount of blood flow to the brain.
Complications during labor and delivery can
cause CP in some cases.

Signs and Symptoms








Struggles with fine motor skills. These include handling scissors,
using crayons, buttoning a shirt, and any other movement that
uses her fingers and hands
Struggles with gross motor skills. These include walking, riding a
tricycle, kicking a ball, and other movements that use his legs and
arms.
Trouble sitting upright. It takes a lot of muscle tone to sit up
without toppling over.
Shakes a lot or has uncontrollable jerking of her legs, arms, or
torso.
Muscles are weak.
Body tremors, drooling, weakened muscles in his face; may lose
control of his tongue.
Trouble moving from one position to another.
Trouble sucking.
How is CP Diagnosed?


Diagnoses of CP may be done at an early
stage in a child’s life.
Doctors diagnose cerebralpalsy by testing
an infant’s motor skills and looking carefully...

...CerebralPalsy in Action
You are in the hospital. You have a brand new baby in your arms staring up at you. You look back at them with pride glistening in your eyes and excitement in your heart. You realize that you have started on a new adventure and that you feel ready for all of the challenges this little bundle will throw at you. At least that’s how you feel until you get the news. It has been a few weeks since youhave come home from the hospital and you just answered a phone call from your doctor. He tells you to sit down and you listen, not quite knowing what to expect. Then you hear something that just about crushes you. Your child has just been diagnosed with cerebralpalsy.
Because cerebralpalsy is so life altering and challenging, we need to be informed about the disease to try to make the lives of the people who havethis disease better. The major things that you will need to learn about are the causes of cerebralpalsy, the treatments and how to make it easier to live with, and some general information including the costs and different types of cerebralpalsy.
What is cerebralpalsy? According to an article in “CerebralPalsy 1”, the definition of cerebral...

...﻿CerebralPalsy is the choice of research I chose. It is a disorder of the nervous system that targets the muscle tone, movement, and other motor skills. I chose to do my research on this particular subject to familiarize myself of some of the symptoms and causes, but mostly because my great niece was diagnosed with the disorder about 3 years ago. Throughout this research paper you will notice the causes, diagnoses, the different types of cerebralpalsy, how to evaluate, the symptoms, and treatments of the disorder.
There are several possible causes in determining whether or not a person has cerebralpalsy. In most cases of cerebralpalsy, the causes are unknown, but in some, it develops during pregnancy in which the brain isn’t fully developed or there is a significant decrease in the amount of blood flow to the brain. Complications during labor and delivery can cause CP in some cases. Premature babies are at greater risk of having CP than babies that are full-term. According to experts for everyday emergencies at http://emedicinehealth.com/cerebral_palsy, “10% of cases of cerebralpalsy begin perinatal, and at least 70-80% of cases begin prenatal.”
Diagnoses of CP may be done at an early stage in a child’s life. It’s best to do this if you suspect a child is...

...CerebralPalsy is a term for a neurological or brain disorder that affects posture and movement. It is causes a loss of muscle control and coordination. People suffering from CerebralPalsyhave damage to the part of the brain that controls muscle tone. Muscle tone is the amount of resistance to movement in a muscle. During fetal life, birth and infancy damage is done to the motor areas of the brain. This can come in the form of radiation or lack of oxygen. Diagnosis of cerebralpalsy does not occur until the age of about two or three in children. One out of 500 children is affected with the disorder. In the United States there are approximately 500,000 people that suffer from CerebralPalsy.
There are four classifications of CerebralPalsy which are; Spastic CerebralPalsy which effects 70-80 percent of cases, Ataxic CerebralPalsy 5 - 10 percent, Athetoid/ Dyskinetic 10 - 20 percent and Mixed Form CerebralPalsy, which is a combination of one or more of the other types.
Spastic CerebralPalsy is the most common form of CerebralPalsy. In many individuals, limbs are in a weakened state or even paralyzed, which leads to under development of muscles in...

...I. INTRODUCTION
Background and rationale of the study:
One of the leading cases of musculoskeletal trauma is fracture. Fractures are any break in the continuity of the bone. It usually occurs when the stress placed on a bone is greater than the bone can absorb. Muscles, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, joints and other organs may be injured when fracture occurs (Nettina, Sandra B. 2006). It can be caused by metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis, or as a result of direct force when a moving object strikes the body area over the bone, or it could result from accidental falls.
Accidental falls is on top of the list when we talk about fracture causes, and it can happen as a result of lack of balance and poor muscle coordination. It can also happen because of underlying neuromuscular disorders like cerebralpalsy.
Cerebralpalsy includes a wide variety of non-progressive brain disorders that occur during intrauterine life, delivery, or early infancy. It is defined as a syndrome of motor disabilities possibly accompanied by mental retardation, seizures, or both. Causes of cerebralpalsy are many and include cerebral developmental disorders such as microcephaly, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral anoxia, and toxins such as excessive bilirubin. Prenatal factors include infection with rubella, nutritional...

...Cerebralpalsy
CP is a disorder of aberrant control of movement and posture, appearing early in life
secondary to a CNS lesion or dysfunction that is NOT a result of a progressive or
degenerative brain disease. In other words, CP is caused by a static brain dysfunction (also
called static encephalopathy).
It is believed that CP is due to a defect in a developing brain, a lesion that mayhave had its
onset in prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal period. Thus, causes of CP may be manifold.
“Cerebralpalsy is a disorder of movement and posture due to a defect or lesion of the immature brain” Bax p.295
The brain lesion or defect is non-progressive and causes variable impairment of the co-ordination of muscle action, with rsulting inability of the child to maintain normal posture and perform normal movements. This centre motor handicap is frequently associated with affected speech, vision, and hearing with various types of perceptual disturbances some degree of mental retardation and or epilepsy.
Here are some common etiologies manifesting as CP:
Prenatal (~85% of total) Perinatal Postnatal
extreme prematurity infection infection
hyperarginemia hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy trauma
genetic disease trauma CO poisoning
brain malformation kernicterus toxic ingestion
hydrocephalus
meningitis
stroke
toxemia
maternal...

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