Treaty for the Prohibtion of Nuclear Weapons in
Latin America, 634 U.N.T.S. 326, entered into
force April 22, 1968.

Signed at Mexico City February 14, 1967
Entered into force April 22, 1968Preamble

In the name of their peoples and faithfully interpreting their
desires and aspirations, the Governments of the States which sign the
Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America,

Desiring to contribute, so far as lies in their power,
towards ending the armaments race, especially in the field of nuclear
weapons, and towards strengthening a world at peace, based on the
sovereign equality of States, mutual respect and good
neighbourliness,

Recalling that the United Nations General Assembly, in its
Resolution 808 (IX), adopted unanimously as one of the three points
of a coordinated programme of disarmament "the total prohibition of
the use and manufacture of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass
destruction of every type,"

Recalling that military denuclearized zones are not an end
in themselves but rather a means for achieving general and complete
disarmament at a later stage,

Recalling United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1911
(XVIII), which established that the measures that should be agreed
upon for the denuclearization of Latin America should be taken "in
the light of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and
of regional agreements,"

Recalling United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2028
(XX), which established the principle of an acceptable balance of
mutual responsibilities and duties for the nuclear and non-nuclear
powers, and

Recalling that the Charter of the Organization of American
States proclaims that it is an essential purpose of the Organization
to strengthen the peace and security of the hemisphere,

Convinced:

That the incalculable destructive power of nuclear weapons has
made it imperative that the legal prohibition of war should be
strictly observed in practice if the survival of civilization and of
mankind itself is to be assured,

That nuclear weapons, whose terrible effects are suffered,
indiscriminately and inexorably, by military forces and civilian
population alike, constitute, through the persistence of the
radioactivity they release, an attack on the integrity of the human
species and ultimately may even render the whole earth uninhabitable,

That general and complete disarmament under effective
international control is a vital matter which all the peoples of the
world equally demand,

That the proliferation of nuclear weapons, which seems inevitable
unless States, in the exercise of their sovereign rights, impose
restrictions on themselves in order to prevent it, would make any
agreement on disarmament enormously difficult and would increase the
danger of the outbreak of a nuclear conflagration,

That the establishment of militarily denuclearized zones is
closely linked with the maintenance of peace and security in the
respective regions,

That the military denuclearization of vast geographical zones,
adopted by the sovereign decision of the States comprised therein,
will exercise a beneficial influence on other regions where similar
conditions exist,

That the privileged situation of the signatory States, whose
territories are wholly free from nuclear weapons, imposes upon them
the inescapable duty of preserving that situation both in their own
interest and for the good of mankind,

That the existence of nuclear weapons in any country of Latin
America would make it a target for possible nuclear attacks and would
inevitably set off, throughout the region, a ruinous race in nuclear
weapons which would involve the unjustifiable diversion, for warlike
purposes, of the limited resources required for economic and social
development,

That the foregoing reasons, together with the traditional
peace-loving outlook of Latin America, give rise to an inescapable
necessity that nuclear energy should be used in that region
exclusively for peaceful purposes, and that the Latin American
countries should use their right to the greatest and most equitable
possible access to this new source of energy in order to expedite the
economic and social development of their peoples,

Convinced finally:

That the military denuclearization of Latin America -- being
understood to mean the undertaking entered into internationally in
this Treaty to keep their territories forever free from nuclear
weapons -- will constitute a measure which will spare their peoples
from the squandering of their limited resources on nuclear armaments
and will protect them against possible nuclear attacks on their
territories, and will also constitute a significant contribution
towards preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and a
powerful factor for general and complete disarmament, and

That Latin America, faithful to its tradition of universality,
must not only endeavour to banish from its homelands the scourge of a
nuclear war, but must also strive to promote the well-being and
advancement of its peoples, at the same time co-operating in the
fulfillment of the ideals of mankind, that is to say, in the
consolidation of a permanent peace based on equal rights, economic
fairness and social justice for all, in accordance with the
principles and purposes set forth in the Charter of the United
Nations and in the Charter of the Organization of American States.

Have agreed as follows:

Obligation

Article 1

1. The Contracting Parties hereby undertake to use exclusively for
peaceful purposes the nuclear material and facilities which are under
their jurisdiction, and to prohibit and prevent in their respective
territories:

(a) The testing, use, manufacture, production or
acquisition by any means whatsoever of any nuclear weapons, by the
Parties themselves, directly or indirectly, on behalf of anyone else
or in any other way, and

(b) The receipt, storage, installation, deployment and any form of
possession of any nuclear weapons, directly or indirectly, by the
Parties themselves, by anyone on their behalf or in any other way.

2. The Contracting Parties also undertake to refrain from engaging
in, encouraging or authorizing, directly or indirectly, or in any way
participating in the testing, use, manufacture, production,
possession or control of any nuclear weapon.

Definition of the Contracting Parties

Article 2

For the purposes of this Treaty, the Contracting Parties are those
for whom the Treaty is in force.

Definition of territory

Article 3

For the purposes of this Treaty, the term "territory" shall
include the territorial sea, air space and any other space over which
the State exercises sovereignty in accordance with its own
legislation.

Zone of application

Article 4

1. The zone of application of this Treaty is the whole of the
territories for which the Treaty is in force.

2. Upon fulfillment of the requirements of article 28, paragraph
1, the zone of application of this Treaty shall also be that which is
situated in the western hemisphere within the following limits
(except the continental part of the territory of the United States of
America and its territorial waters): starting at a point located at
35 north latitude, 75 west longitude; from this point directly
southward to a point at 30 north latitude, 75 west longitude; from
there, directly eastward to a point at 30 north latitude, 50 west
longitude; from there, along a loxodromic line to a point at 5 north
latitude, 20 west longitude; from there directly southward to a point
60 south latitude, 20 west longitude; from there, directly westward
to a point at 60 south latitude, 115 west longitude; from there,
directly northward to a point at 0 latitude, 115 west longitude; from
there, along a loxodromic line to a point at 35 north latitude, 150
west longitude; from there, directly eastward to a point at 35 north
latitude, 75 west longitude.

Definition of nuclear weapons

Article 5

For the purposes of this Treaty, a nuclear weapon is any device
which is capable of releasing nuclear energy in an uncontrolled
manner and which has a group of characteristics that are appropriate
for use for warlike purposes. An instrument that may be used for the
transport or propulsion of the device is not included in this
definition if it is separable from the device and not an indivisible
part thereof.

Meeting of signatories

Article 6

At the request of any of the signatory States or if the Agency
established by article 7 should so decide, a meeting of all the
signatories may be convoked to consider in common questions which may
affect the very essence of this instrument, including possible
amendments to it. In either case, the meeting will be convoked by the
General Secretary.

Organization

Article 7

1. In order to ensure compliance with the obligations of this
Treaty, the Contracting Parties hereby establish an international
organization to be known as the "Agency for the Prohibition of
Nuclear Weapons in Latin America," hereinafter referred to as "the
Agency." Only the Contracting Parties shall be affected by its
decisions.

2. The Agency shall be responsible for the holding of periodic or
extraordinary consultations among Member States on matters relating
to the purposes, measures and procedures set forth in this Treaty and
to the supervision of compliance with the obligations arising
therefrom.

3. The Contracting Parties agree to extend to the Agency full and
prompt cooperation in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty,
of any agreements they may conclude with the Agency and of any
agreements the Agency may conclude with any other international
organization or body.

4. The headquarters of the Agency shall be in Mexico City.

Organs

Article 8

1. There are hereby established as principal organs of the Agency
a General Conference, a Council and a Secretariat.

2. Such subsidiary organs as are considered necessary by the
General Conference may be established within the purview of this
Treaty.

The General Conference

Article 9

1. The General Conference, the supreme organ of the Agency, shall
be composed of all the Contracting Parties; it shall hold regular
sessions every two years, and may also hold special sessions whenever
this Treaty so provides or, in the opinion of the Council, the
circumstances so require.

2. The General Conference:

(a) May consider and decide on any matters or
questions covered by this Treaty, within the limits thereof,
including those referring to powers and functions of any organ
provided for in this Treaty.

(b) Shall establish procedures for the control system to ensure
observance of this Treaty in accordance with its provisions.

(c) Shall elect the Members of the Council and the General
Secretary.

(d) May remove the General Secretary from office if the proper
functioning of the Agency so requires.

(e) Shall receive and consider the biennial and special reports
submitted by the Council and the General Secretary.

(f) Shall initiate and consider studies designed to facilitate the
optimum fulfillment of the aims of this Treaty, without prejudice to
the power of the General Secretary independently to carry out similar
studies for submission to and consideration by the Conference.

(g) Shall be the organ competent to authorize the conclusion of
agreements with Governments and other international organizations and
bodies.

3. The General Conference shall adopt the Agencys budget and fix
the scale of financial contributions to be paid by Member States,
taking into account the systems and criteria used for the same
purpose by the United Nations.

4. The General Conference shall elect its officers for each
session and may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems
necessary for the performance of its functions.

5. Each Member of the Agency shall have one vote. The decisions of
the General Conference shall be taken by a two-thirds majority of the
Members present and voting in the case of matters relating to the
control system and measures referred to in article 20, the admission
of new Members, the election or removal of the General Secretary,
adoption of the budget and matters related thereto. Decisions on
other matters, as well as procedural questions and also determination
of which questions must be decided by a two-thirds majority, shall be
taken by a simple majority of the Members present and voting.

6. The General Conference shall adopt its own rules of procedure.

The Council

Article 10

1. The Council shall be composed of five Members of the Agency
elected by the General Conference from among the Contracting Parties,
due account being taken of equitable geographic distribution.

2. The Members of the Council shall be elected for a term of four
years. However, in the first election three will be elected for two
years. Outgoing Members may not be reelected for the following period
unless the limited number of States for which the Treaty is in force
so requires.

3. Each Member of the Council shall have one representative.

4. The Council shall be so organized as to be able to function
continuously.

5. In addition to the functions conferred upon it by this Treaty
and to those which may be assigned to it by the General Conference,
the Council shall, through the General Secretary, ensure the proper
operation of the control system in accordance with the provisions of
this Treaty and with the decisions adopted by the General Conference.

6. The Council shall submit an annual report on its work to the
General Conference as well as such special reports as it deems
necessary or which the General Conference requests of it.

7. The Council shall elect its officers for each session.

8. The decisions of the Council shall be taken by a simple
majority of its Members present and voting.

9. The Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure.

The Secretariat

Article 11

1. The Secretariat shall consist of a General Secretary, who shall
be the chief administrative officer of the Agency, and of such staff
as the Agency may require. The term of office of the General
Secretary shall be four years and he may be re-elected for a single
additional term. The General Secretary may not be a national of the
country in which the Agency has its headquarters. In case the office
of General Secretary becomes vacant, a new election shall be held to
fill the office for the remainder of the term.

2. The staff of the Secretariat shall be appointed by the General
Secretary, in accordance with rules laid down by the General
Conference.

3. In addition to the functions conferred upon him by this Treaty
and to those which may be assigned to him by the General Conference,
the General Secretary shall ensure, as provided by article 10,
paragraph 5, the proper operation of the control system established
by this Treaty, in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty and
the decisions taken by the General Conference.

4. The General Secretary shall act in that capacity in all
meetings of the General Conference and of the Council and shall make
an annual report to both bodies on the work of the Agency and any
special reports requested by the General Conference or the Council or
which the General Secretary may deem desirable.

5. The General Secretary shall establish the procedures for
distributing to all Contracting Parties information received by the
Agency from governmental sources and such information from
non-governmental sources as may be of interest to the Agency.

6. In the performance of their duties the General Secretary and
the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any Government
or from any other authority external to the Agency and shall refrain
from any action which might reflect on their position as
international officials responsible only to the Agency; subject to
their responsibility to the Agency, they shall not disclose any
industrial secrets or other confidential information coming to their
knowledge by reason of their official duties in the Agency.

7. Each of the Contracting Parties undertakes to respect the
exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the
General Secretary and the staff and not to seek to influence them in
the discharge of their responsibilities.

Control system

Article 12

1. For the purpose of verifying compliance with the obligations
entered into by the Contracting Parties in accordance with article 1,
a control system shall be established which shall be put into effect
in accordance with the provisions of articles 13-18 of this Treaty.

2. The control system shall be used in particular for the purpose
of verifying:

(a) That devices, services and facilities intended for
peaceful uses of nuclear energy are not used in the testing or
manufacture of nuclear weapons,

(b) That none of the activities prohibited in article 1 of this
Treaty are carried out in the territory of the Contracting Parties
with nuclear materials or weapons introduced from abroad, and

(c) That explosions for peaceful purposes are compatible with
article 18 of this Treaty.

IAEA safeguards

Article 13

Each Contracting Party shall negotiate multilateral or bilateral
agreements with the International Atomic Energy Agency for the
application of its safeguards to its nuclear activities. Each
Contracting Party shall initiate negotiations within a period of 180
days after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification
of this Treaty. These agreements shall enter into force, for each
Party, not later than eighteen months after the date of the
initiation of such negotiations except in case of unforeseen
circumstances or force majeure.

Reports of the Parties

Article 14

1. The Contracting Parties shall submit to the Agency and to the
International Atomic Energy Agency, for their information,
semi-annual reports stating that no activity prohibited under this
Treaty has occurred in their respective territories.

2. The Contracting Parties shall simultaneously transmit to the
Agency a copy of any report they may submit to the International
Atomic Energy Agency which relates to matters that are the subject of
this Treaty and to the application of safeguards.

3. The Contracting Parties shall also transmit to the Organization
of American States, for its information, any reports that may be of
interest to it, in accordance with the obligations established by the
Inter-American System.

Special reports requested by the General Secretary

Article 15

1. With the authorization of the Council, the General Secretary
may request any of the Contracting Parties to provide the Agency with
complementary or supplementary information regarding any event or
circumstance connected with compliance with this Treaty, explaining
his reasons. The Contracting Parties undertake to co-operate promptly
and fully with the General Secretary.

2. The General Secretary shall inform the Council and the
Contracting Parties forthwith of such requests and of the respective
replies.

Special inspections

Article 16

1. The International Atomic Energy Agency and the Council
established by this Treaty have the power of carrying out special
inspections in the following cases:

(a) In the case of the International Atomic Energy
Agency, in accordance with the agreements referred to in article 13
of this Treaty;

(b) In the case of the Council:

(i) When so requested, the reasons for the request
being stated, by any Party which suspects that some activity
prohibited by this Treaty has been carried out or is about to be
carried out, either in the territory of any other Party or in any
other place on such latter Partys behalf, the Council shall
immediately arrange for such an inspection in accordance with article
10, paragraph 5.

(ii) When requested by any Party which has been suspected of or
charged with having violated this Treaty, the Council shall
immediately arrange for the special inspection requested in
accordance with article 10, paragraph 5.

The above requests will be made to the Council through the General
Secretary.

2. The costs and expenses of any special inspection carried out
under paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (b), sections (i) and (ii) of this
article shall be borne by the requesting Party or Parties, except
where the Council concludes on the basis of the report on the special
inspection that, in view of the circumstances existing in the case,
such costs and expenses should be borne by the agency.

3. The General Conference shall formulate the procedures for the
organization and execution of the special inspections carried out in
accordance with paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (b), sections (i) and (ii)
of this article.

4. The Contracting Parties undertake to grant the inspectors
carrying out such special inspections full and free access to all
places and all information which may be necessary for the performance
of their duties and which are directly and intimately connected with
the suspicion of violation of this Treaty. If so requested by the
authorities of the Contracting Party in whose territory the
inspection is carried out, the inspectors designated by the General
Conference shall be accompanied by representatives of said
authorities, provided that this does not in any way delay or hinder
the work of the inspectors.

5. The Council shall immediately transmit to all the Parties,
through the General Secretary, a copy of any report resulting from
special inspections.

6. Similarly, the Council shall send through the General Secretary
to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for transmission to
the United Nations Security Council and General Assembly, and to the
Council of the Organization of American States, for its information,
a copy of any report resulting from any special inspection carried
out in accordance with paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (b), sections (i)
and (ii) of this article.

7. The Council may decide, or any Contracting Party may request,
the convening of a special session of the General Conference for the
purpose of considering the reports resulting from any special
inspection. In such a case, the General Secretary shall take
immediate steps to convene the special session requested.

8. The General Conference, convened in special session under this
article, may make recommendations to the Contracting Parties and
submit reports to the Secretary-General of the United Nations to be
transmitted to the United Nations Security Council and the General
Assembly.

Use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes

Article 17

Nothing in the provisions of this Treaty shall prejudice the
rights of the Contracting Parties, in conformity with this Treaty, to
use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, in particular for their
economic development and social progress.

Explosions for peaceful purposes

Article 18

1. The Contracting Parties may carry out explosions of nuclear
devices for peaceful purposes -- including explosions which involve
devices similar to those used in nuclear weapons -- or collaborate
with third parties for the same purpose, provided that they do so in
accordance with the provisions of this article and the other articles
of the Treaty, particularly articles 1 and 5.

2. Contracting Parties intending to carry out, or to cooperate in
carrying out, such an explosion shall notify the Agency and the
International Atomic Energy Agency, as far in advance as the
circumstances require, of the date of the explosion and shall at the
same time provide the following information:

(a) The nature of the nuclear device and the source
from which it was obtained,

(b) The place and purpose of the planned explosion,

(c) The procedures which will be followed in order to comply with
paragraph 3 of this article,

(d) The expected force of the device, and

(e) The fullest possible information on any possible radioactive
fall-out that may result from the explosion or explosions, and
measures which will be taken to avoid danger to the population,
flora, fauna and territories of any other Party or Parties.

3. The General Secretary and the technical personnel designated by
the Council and the International Atomic Energy Agency may observe
all the preparations, including the explosion of the device, and
shall have unrestricted access to any area in the vicinity of the
site of the explosion in order to ascertain whether the device and
the procedures followed during the explosion are in conformity with
the information supplied under paragraph 2 of this article and the
other provisions of this Treaty.

4. The Contracting Parties may accept the collaboration of third
parties for the purpose set forth in paragraph 1 of the present
article, in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 thereof.

Relations with other international organizations

Article 19

1. The Agency may conclude such agreements with the International
Atomic Energy Agency as are authorized by the General Conference and
as it considers likely to facilitate the efficient operation of the
control system established by this Treaty.

2. The Agency may also enter into relations with any international
organization or body, especially any which may be established in the
future to supervise disarmament or measures for the control of
armaments in any part of the world.

3. The Contracting Parties may, if they see fit, request the
advice of the International American Nuclear Energy Commission on all
technical matters connected with the application of this Treaty with
which the Commission is competent to deal under its Statute.

Measures in the event of violation of the Treaty

Article 20

1. The General Conference shall take note of all cases in which,
in its opinion, any Contracting Party is not complying fully with its
obligations under this Treaty and shall draw the matter to the
attention of the Party concerned, making such recommendations as it
deems appropriate.

2. If, in its opinion, such non-compliance constitutes a violation
of this Treaty which might endanger peace and security, the General
Conference shall report thereon simultaneously to the United Nations
Security Council and the General Assembly through the
Secretary-General of the United Nations, and to the Council of the
Organization of American States. The General Conference shall
likewise report to the International Atomic Energy Agency for such
purposes as are relevant in accordance with its Statute.

United Nations and Organization of American States

Article 21

None of the provisions of this Treaty shall be construed as
impairing the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter
of the United Nations or, in the case of States Members of the
Organization of American States, under existing regional treaties.

Privileges and immunities

Article 22

1. The Agency shall enjoy in the territory of each of the
Contracting Parties such legal capacity and such privileges and
immunities as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and
the fulfillment of its purposes.

2. Representatives of the Contracting Parties accredited to the
Agency and officials of the Agency shall similarly enjoy such
privileges and immunities as are necessary for the performance of
their functions.

3. The Agency may conclude agreements with the Contracting Parties
with a view to determining the details of the application of
paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article.

Notification of other agreements

Article 23

Once this Treaty has entered into force, the Secretariat shall be
notified immediately of any international agreement concluded by any
of the Contracting Parties on matters with which this Treaty is
concerned; the Secretariat shall register it and notify the other
Contracting Parties.

Settlement of disputes

Article 24

Unless the Parties concerned agree on another mode of peaceful
settlement, any question or dispute concerning the interpretation or
application of this Treaty which is not settled shall be referred to
the International Court of Justice with the prior consent of the
Parties to the controversy.

Signature

Article 25

1. This Treaty shall be open indefinitely for signature by:

(a) All the Latin American Republics, and

(b) All other sovereign States situated in their entirety south of
latitude 35o north in the western hemisphere; and, except as provided
in paragraph 2 of this article, all such States which become
sovereign, when they have been admitted by the General Conference.

2. The General Conference shall not take any decision regarding
the admission of a political entity part or all of whose territory is
the subject, prior to the date when this Treaty is opened for
signature, of a dispute or claim between an extra-continental country
and one or more Latin American States, so long as the dispute has not
been settled by peaceful means.

Ratification and deposit

Article 26

1. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory
States in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.

2. This Treaty and the instruments of ratification shall be
deposited with the Government of the Mexican United States, which is
hereby designated the Depositary Government.

3. The Depositary Government shall send certified copies of this
Treaty to the Governments of signatory States and shall notify them
of the deposit of each instrument of ratification.

Reservations

Article 27

This Treaty shall not be subject to reservations.

Entry into force

Article 28

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this article, this
Treaty shall enter into force among the States that have ratified it
as soon as the following requirements have been met:

(a) Deposit of the instruments of ratification of this
Treaty with the Depositary Government by the Governments of the
States mentioned in article 25 which are in existence on the date
when this Treaty is opened for signature and which are not affected
by the provisions of article 25, paragraph 2;

(b) Signature and ratification of Additional Protocol I annexed to
this Treaty by all extra-continental or continental States having
de jure or de facto international responsibility for
territories situated in the zone of application of the Treaty;

(c) Signature and ratification of the Additional Protocol II
annexed to this Treaty by all powers possessing nuclear weapons;

(d) Conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements on the
application of Safeguards System of the International Atomic Energy
Agency in accordance with article 13 of this Treaty.

2. All signatory States shall have the imprescriptible right to
waive, wholly or in part, the requirements laid down in the preceding
paragraph. They may do so by means of a declaration which shall be
annexed to their respective instrument of ratification and which may
be formulated at the time of deposit of the instrument or
subsequently. For those States which exercise this right, this Treaty
shall enter into force upon deposit of the declaration, or as soon as
those requirements have been met which have not been expressly
waived.

3. As soon as this Treaty has entered into force in accordance
with this provisions of paragraph 2 for eleven States, the Depositary
Government shall convene a preliminary meeting of those States in
order that the Agency may be set up and commence its work.

4. After the entry into force of this Treaty for all the countries
of the zone, the rise of a new power possessing nuclear weapons shall
have the effect of suspending the execution of this Treaty for those
countries which have ratified it without waiving requirements of
paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (c) of this article, and which request
such suspension; the Treaty shall remain suspended until the new
power, on its own initiative or upon request by the General
Conference, ratifies the annexed Additional Protocol II.

Amendments

Article 29

1. Any Contracting Party may propose amendments to this Treaty and
shall submit its proposals to the Council through the General
Secretary, who shall transmit them to all the other Contracting
Parties and, in addition, to all other signatories in accordance with
article 6. The Council, through the General Secretary, shall
immediately following the meeting of signatories convene a special
session of the General Conference to examine the proposals made, for
the adoption of which a two-thirds majority of the Contracting
Parties present and voting shall be required.

2. Amendments adopted shall enter into force as soon as the
requirements set forth in article 28 of this Treaty have been
complied with.

Duration and denunciation

Article 30

1. This Treaty shall be of a permanent nature and shall remain in
force indefinitely, but any Party may denounce it by notifying the
General Secretary of the Agency if, in the opinion of the denouncing
State, there have arisen or may arise circumstances connected with
the content of this Treaty or of the annexed Additional Protocols I
and II which affect its supreme interests or the peace and security
of one or more Contracting Parties.

2. The denunciation shall take effect three months after the
delivery to the General Secretary of the Agency of the notification
by the Government of the signatory State concerned. The General
Secretary shall immediately communicate such notification to the
other Contracting Parties and to the Secretary-General of the United
Nations for the information of the United Nations Security Council
and the General Assembly. He shall also communicate it to the
Secretary-General of the Organization of American States.

Authentic texts and registration

Article 31

This Treaty, of which the Spanish, Chinese, English, French,
Portuguese and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be
registered by the Depositary Government in accordance with article
102 of the United Nations Charter. The Depositary Government shall
notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the signatures,
ratification and amendments relating to this Treaty and shall
communicate them to the Secretary-General of the Organization of
American States for its information.

Transitional Article

Denunciation of the declaration referred to article 28, paragraph
2, shall be subject to the same procedures as the denunciation of
this Treaty, except that it will take effect on the date of delivery
of the respective notification.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries,
having deposited their full powers, found in good and due form, sign
this Treaty on behalf of their respective Governments.

DONE at Mexico, Distrito Federal, on the Fourteenth day of
February, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-seven.

ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL I TO THE TREATY FOR THE PROHIBITION
OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA

Signed by the United States at Washington May 26, 1977

Ratification advised by U.S. Senate November 13, 1981

Ratified by U.S. President November 19, 1981

U.S. ratification deposited at Mexico City November 23,
1981

Proclaimed by U.S. President December 4, 1981

The undersigned Plenipotentiaries, furnished with full powers by
their respective Governments,

Convinced that the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear
Weapons in Latin America, negotiated and signed in accordance with
the recommenda-tions of the General Assembly of the United Nations in
Resolution 1911 (XVIII) of 27 November 1963, represents an important
step towards ensuring the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons,

Aware that the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is not
an end in itself but, rather, a means of achieving general and
complete disarmament at a later stage, and

Desiring to contribute, so far as lies in their power,
towards ending the armaments race, especially in the field of nuclear
weapons, and towards strengthening a world at peace, based on mutual
respect and sovereign equality of States,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1. To undertake to apply the statute of
denuclearization in respect of warlike purposes as defined in
articles 1, 3, 5 and 13 of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear
Weapons in Latin America in territories for which, de jure or de
facto, they are internationally responsible and which lie within the
limits of the geographical zone established in that Treaty.

Article 2. The duration of this Protocol shall be the same
as that of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin
America of which this Protocol is an annex, and the provisions
regarding ratification and denunciation contained in the Treaty shall
be applicable to it.

Article 3. This Protocol shall enter into force, for the
States which have ratified it, on the date of the deposit of their
respective instruments of ratification.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries,
having deposited their full powers, found in good and due form, sign
this Protocol on behalf of their respective Governments.

ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL II TO THE TREATY FOR THE
PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA

Signed by the United States at Mexico City April 1, 1968

Ratification advised by U.S. Senate April 19, 1971

Ratified by U.S. President May 8, 1971

U.S. ratification deposited at Mexico City May 12, 1971

Proclaimed by U.S. President June 11, 1971

The undersigned Plenipotentiaries, furnished with full powers by
their respective Governments,

Convinced that the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear
Weapons in Latin America, negotiated and signed in accordance with
the recommenda-tions of the General Assembly of the United Nations in
Resolution 1911 (XVIII) of 27 November 1963, represents an important
step towards ensuring the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons,

Aware that the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is not
an end in itself but, rather, a means of achieving general and
complete disarmament at a later stage, and

Desiring to contribute, so far as lies in their power,
towards ending the armaments race, especially in the field of nuclear
weapons, and towards promoting and strengthening a world at peace,
based on mutual respect and sovereign equality of States,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1. The statute of denuclearization of Latin America
in respect or warlike purposes, as defined, delimited and set forth
in the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America
of which this instrument is an annex, shall be fully respected by the
Parties to this Protocol in all its express aims and provisions.

Article 2. The Governments represented by the undersigned
Plenipotentiaries undertake, therefore, not to contribute in any way
to the performance of acts involving a violation of the obligations
of article 1 of the Treaty in the territories to which the Treaty
applies in accordance with article 4 thereof.

Article 3. The Governments represented by the undersigned
Plenipotentiaries also undertake not to use or threaten to use
nuclear weapons against the Contracting Parties of the Treaty for the
Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America.

Article 4. The duration of this Protocol shall be the same
as that of the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin
America of which this protocol is an annex, and the definitions of
territory and nuclear weapons set forth in articles 3 and 5 of the
Treaty shall be applicable to this Protocol, as well as the
provisions regarding ratification, reservations, denunciation,
authentic texts and registration contained in articles 26, 27, 30 and
31 of the Treaty.

Article 5. This Protocol shall enter into force, for the
States which have ratified it, on the date of the deposit of their
respective instruments of ratification.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries,
having deposited their full powers, found in good and due form, sign
this Additional Protocol on behalf of their respective Governments.

PROCLAMATION BY PRESIDENT NIXON ON RATIFICATION OF
ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL II TO THE TREATY FOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR
WEAPONS IN LATIN AMERICA

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A PROCLAMATION

Considering that:

Additional Protocol II to the Treaty for the Prohibition of
Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, done at the City of Mexico on
February 14, 1967, was signed on behalf of the United States of
America on April 1, 1968, the text of which Protocol is word for word
as follows:

[The text of the Protocol appears here.]

The Senate of the United States of America by its resolution of
April 19, 1971, two-thirds of the Senators present concurring, gave
its advice and consent to the ratification of Additional Protocol II,
with the following understandings and declarations:

I

That the United States Government understands the reference in
Article 3 of the Treaty to "its own legislation" to relate only to
such legislation as is compatible with the rules of international law
and as involves an exercise of sovereignty consistent with those
rules, and accordingly that ratification of Additional Protocol II by
the United States Government could not be regarded as implying
recognition, for the purposes of this Treaty and its protocols or for
any other purpose, of any legislation which did not, in the view of
the United States, comply with the relevant rules of international
law.

That the United States Government takes note of the Preparatory
Commissions interpretation of the Treaty, as set forth in the Final
Act, that, governed by the principles and rules of international law,
each of the Contracting Parties retains exclusive power and legal
competence, unaffected by the terms of the Treaty, to grant or deny
non-Contracting Parties transit and transport privileges.

That as regards the undertaking in Article 3 of Protocol II not to
use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against the Contracting
Parties, the United States Government would have to consider that an
armed attack by a Contracting Party, in which it was assisted by a
nuclear-weapon state, would be incompatible with the Contracting
Partys corresponding obligations under Article I of the Treaty.

II

That the United States Government considers that the technology of
making nuclear explosive devices for peaceful purposes is
indistinguishable from the technology of making nuclear weapons, and
that nuclear weapons and nuclear explosive devices for peaceful
purposes are both capable of releasing nuclear energy in an
uncontrolled manner and have the common group of characteristics of
large amounts of energy generated instantaneously from a compact
source. Therefore, the United States Government understands the
definition contained in Article 5 of the Treaty as necessarily
encompassing all nuclear explosive devices. It is also understood
that Articles 1 and 5 restrict accordingly the activities of the
Contracting Parties under paragraph 1 of Article 18.

That the United States Government understands that paragraph 4 of
Article 18 of the Treaty permits, and that United States adherence to
Protocol II will not prevent, collaboration by the United States with
Contracting Parties for the purpose of carrying out explosions of
nuclear devices for peaceful purposes in a manner consistent with a
policy of not contributing to the proliferation of nuclear weapons
capabilities. In this connection, the United States Government notes
Article V of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
under which it joined in an undertaking to take appropriate measures
to ensure that potential benefits of peaceful applications of nuclear
explosions would be made available to non-nuclear-weapon states party
to that Treaty, and reaffirms its willingness to extend such
undertaking, on the same basis, to states precluded by the present
Treaty from manufacturing or acquiring any nuclear explosive device.

III

That the United States Government also declares that, although not
required by Protocol II, it will act with respect to such territories
of Protocol I adherents as are within the geographical area defined
in paragraph 2 of Article 4 of the Treaty in the same manner as
Protocol II requires it to act with respect to the territories of
Contracting Parties.

The President ratified Additional Protocol II on May 8, 1971, with
the above recited understandings and declarations, in pursuance of
the advice and consent of the Senate.

It is provided in Article 5 of Additional Protocol II that the
Protocol shall enter into force, for the States which have ratified
it, on the date of the deposit of their respective instruments of
ratification.

The instrument of ratification of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland was deposited on December 11, 1969 with
understandings and a declaration, and the instrument of ratification
of the United States of America was deposited on May 12, 1971 with
the above recited understandings and declarations.

In accordance with Article 5 of Additional Protocol II, the
Protocol entered into force for the United States of America on May
12, 1971, subject to the above recited understandings and
declarations.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Richard Nixon, President of the United
States of America, proclaim and make public Additional Protocol II to
the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America to
the end that it shall be observed and fulfilled with good faith,
subject to the above recited understandings and declarations, on and
after May 12, 1971 by the United States of America and by the
citizens of the United States of America and all other persons
subject to the jurisdiction thereof.

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have signed this proclamation and
caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the city of Washington this eleventh day of June in
the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred seventy-one and of the
Independence of the United States of America the one hundred
ninety-fifth.