Ruijie NiuShishi high school

S.-T. Yau High School Science Awarded Papersmathscidoc:1801.35027

Abstract

The paper mainly discusses, based on the properties and related knowledge of continuous
functions, the conditions that the graphs of separated binary polynomials are closed curves
by the method of separation of variables. It also studies the properties of closed curves in
the ways of analytic geometry, and draws a sucient and necessary condition to determine
whether the graph of a separated binary polynomial is closed.

Xingshen HuangTsinghua High SchoolChuyao PengTsinghua High SchoolXinyi XiongTsinghua High School

S.-T. Yau High School Science Awarded Papersmathscidoc:1801.35031

Abstract

Xingdu is an emerging mathematical game about searching for a corresponding
polyline for a given polyline in a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional mesh grid, meanwhile the
searched polyline should have the same start and end points as those of the given polyline and
the corresponding line segments on the searched and given polylines are perpendicular each
other respectively. Studying from mathematical perspective the problem solving and
designing of Xingdu is helpful of finding a general method for Xingdu problem solving, but
still not attract much more attentions due to the relatively short history of Xingdu. Referring
to the achievements in mathematical methods for Sudoku, we investigated preliminarily the
possibility of using optimization theory to solve the problem of Xingdu. According to the
definition of Xingdu, the points on the given polyline and the solution polyline have to be the
grid nodes in the mesh grid so that their coordinates are integer. In addition, there should not
be any points appearing repeatedly and any three sequential points on the solution polyline
cannot be located on a same line. Due to these constraints, the optimization problem related
to Xingdu belongs to integer programming with nonlinear constraints, which is very difficult
and usually can only be solved by enumerating. For this reason, we solve the related problem
first by neglecting the nonlinear constraints so that it can be converted as an integer
programming with linear constraints only. Afterwards, we can check whether it fulfill the
related nonlinear constraints if a feasible solution is obtained. Based on that, we proposed two
integer programming models for Xingdu problem, which are the model using only line
segments perpendicular property as constraints and the binary integer programming model
using line segments perpendicular property together with no repeated points as constraints.
The test results show that the proposed binary integer programming model has a very good
performance in finding the solution of Xingdu problem. We also discussed the possibility of
using the proposed binary integer programming model together with random simulation to
design a Xingdu problem. Due to the challenge of discriminating the uniqueness of Xingdu
solution, we finally presented an approach, inspired from the branch and bound method for
integer programming, which solves and designs the Xingdu problem by constructing and
pruning a search tree.

Lee Zheng HanNUS High School, Singapore

S.-T. Yau High School Science Awarded Papersmathscidoc:1801.35033

Abstract

Polyhedral combinatorics has been a topic of interest in modern day’s computational geometry.
The founding of Steinitz’s Theorem in 1922 revealed consequential relations between graph
theory and polyhedral combinatorics. It allows us to better investigate on the topology of
convex polyhedrons. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm that generates a unique sequence
of points, using the vertices of a triangulated polyhedron, pre-determined by the selection of
the starting 3 vertices in the sequence. Following that, we discover an interesting relation
between the sequence and the volume of the polyhedron itself, in which we presented in the
form of a sufficient condition. To further investigate which polyhedrons generate sequences
that satisfy the sufficient condition, we study the problem in the context of graph theory, that
is, the explorer walk (corresponding to the sequence of vertices) in maximal planar graphs
(skeletons of triangulated convex polyhedrons). With that, we uncovered a family of maximal
planar graphs, called the explorer graphs, which exhibits volumetric properties in the
polyhedrons constructed from them, in regard to the explorer walk. In this paper, we also
introduce generalized methods of constructing explorer graphs of higher order from explorer
graphs of lower order, demonstrating the prevalence of explorer graphs. As the edges of a
maximal planar graph is of great importance in tracing an explorer walk, we investigate on the
line graph of maximal planar graphs, and re-establish a better definition of explorer graphs.
Lastly, our paper covers the edge contraction of explorer graphs, which allows us to solve the
volume of polyhedrons constructed from non-explorer graphs. For this, we presented a possible
bound for the minimum number of edge contractions a non-explorer graph requires from an
explorer graph. This will generalize the proposed method of finding volumes to any
triangulated convex polyhedron.

Andrew Yang

S.-T. Yau High School Science Awarded Papersmathscidoc:1801.35034

Abstract

Because of its importance in number theory and singularity theory, the problem of nding
a polynomial sharp upper estimate of the number of positive integral points in an n-
dimensional (n 3) polyhedron has received attention by a lot of mathematicians. S. S.-T.
Yau proposed the upper estimate, so-called the Yau Number Theoretic Conjecture. The previous
results on the Yau Number Theoretic Conjecture in low dimension cases (n 6) have
been proved by using the sharp GLY conjecture. Unfortunately, it is only valid in low dimension.
The Yau Number Theoretic Conjecture for n = 7 has been shown with a completely new
method in [19]. In this paper, the similar method has been applied to prove the Yau Number
Theoretic Conjecture for n = 8, but with more meticulous analyses. The main method of
proof is summing existing sharp upper bounds for the number of points in 7-dimensional
simplexes over the cross sections of eight-dimensional simplex. This reasearch project paves
the way for the proof of a fully general sharp upper bound for the number of lattice points
in a simplex. It also moves the mathematical community one step closer towards proving the
Yau Number Theoretic Conjecture in full generality. As an application, we give a sharper
estimate of the Dickman-De Bruijn function (x; y) for 5 y < 23, compared with the
result obtained by Ennola.

Michael RenPhillips Academy

S.-T. Yau High School Science Awarded Papersmathscidoc:1801.35035

Abstract

Symmetric polynomials are polynomials that are invariant under the action of the
symmetric group, and they play an integral role in mathematics. The space of quasiin-
variant polynomials, polynomials that are invariant under the action of the symmetric
group to a certain order, were introduced by Feigin and Veselov. These spaces are
modules over the ring of symmetric polynomials, and their Hilbert series in elds of
characteristic 0 were also computed by Feigin and Veselov.
In this paper, we study the Hilbert series of these spaces in elds of positive char-
acteristic. Braverman, Etingof, and Finkelberg recently introduced spaces of twisted
quasiinvariant polynomials, a generalization of quasiinvariant polynomials in which the
space is twisted by a monomial. We extend some of their results to spaces twisted by
a product of smooth functions and compute the Hilbert series of the space in certain
cases.