Krakatoa

Thursday, November 10, 2011

Krakatoa is a volcanic island that is still active and located in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. This name was never pinned on a volcanic peak there (Mount Krakatoa) which vanish due to the eruptions themselves on 26-27 August 1883. The eruption was so powerful; hot clouds and the resulting tsunami killed about 36,000 people. Until before the date of December 26, 2004, this is a terdahsyat tsunami in the Indian Ocean region. The sound explosion was heard up in Alice Springs, Australia and the island of Rodrigues near Africa, 4653 miles. Yield is estimated at 30,000 times the atomic bombs that detonated on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.

Sunda Strait

The eruption of Krakatoa caused global climate change. The world was dark for two and a half days due to volcanic ash that covered the atmosphere. The sun shines dim until next year. Scattering dust visible in the sky Norway to New York.

The explosion of Krakatoa is actually still less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Tambora in Indonesia, Mount Tanpo in New Zealand and Mount Katmal in Alaska. But these mountains erupted deep in the human population is still very little. Meanwhile, when Mount Krakatoa erupted, the human population is dense enough, science and technology has evolved, the telegraph was invented, and submarine cable has been installed. Thus it can be said that at the time of information technology is growing and growing rapidly.

Noted that the eruption of Mount Krakatau is the first major disaster in the world after the invention of the submarine telegraph. Progress is, unfortunately, has not been matched by progress in the field of geology. The geologist was not even able to give an explanation of the eruption.

Looking at the region of Mount Krakatau in the Sunda Strait, experts estimate that in ancient times there is a huge mountain in the Sunda Strait which finally erupted leaving a massive caldera (large crater) called Ancient Mount Krakatau, which is the parent of Mount Krakatoa erupted in 1883. The mountain is composed of andesitic rocks.

Notes on Ancient Krakatoa eruption taken from an ancient Javanese text entitled the King Library Parwa expected from the year 416 AD. It contained, among others, stated:
"There was a thundering sound of thunder coming from Mount Batuwara. There is also a frightening shock earth, total darkness, thunder and lightning. Then came the wind and rain storms are terrible and the whole storm darkens the whole world. A great flood came from Mount Batuwara and flows eastward to Mount Kamula .... When the water drowning, the island of Java, separated into two, creating islands of Sumatra "
Krakatoa evolution map-fr.gif

Berend George Escher geologists and other experts argue that some natural events described are from Mount Ancient Krakatoa, which the text is called Mount Batuwara. According to the book Parwa King Library, the height of this Ancient Krakatoa reached 2,000 meters above sea level, and the circle of beach reaching 11 kilometers.

Due to the great explosion, three-quarters of the body were destroyed leaving Ancient Krakatoa caldera (large crater) in the Sunda Strait. The sides or edges of the crater known as Rakata Island, Long Island and Island Sertung, in other records referred to as the island of Rakata, Rakata Island and Small Island Sertung. This eruption was allegedly responsible for the occurrence of the dark ages of the earth. Bubonic plague disease occurs because the temperature cools. This plague has significantly reduced the number of people on earth.

The eruption is also considered to contribute on the end of the heyday of ancient Persia, the transmutation of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, the end of the civilization of South Arabia, the extinction of the Mayan city, Tikal and fall of civilizations in South America the Nazca enigmatic. Ancient Krakatoa explosion is expected to last for 10 days at an estimated speed of vomit masses reach 1 million tons per second. The blast shield has formed a thick atmosphere of 20-150 meters, lowering the temperature of 5-10 degrees for 10-20 years.
[Edit] The emergence of Mount Krakatau
The development of Mount Krakatau

Rakata Island, which is one of three remaining island Ancient Krakatoa then grow in accordance with the volcanic impulse from deep within the earth, known as Mount Krakatau (or Mount Rakata) made of basaltic rock. Later, two volcano emerged from the crater, named Danan Mountain and Mount Perbuwatan are then fused with Mount Rakata came first. Unity third volcano is called Mount Krakatau.

Mount Krakatoa erupted in 1680 produced andesitic lava acid. Then in 1880, Mount Perbuwatan active issue though is not erupting lava. After that time, there is no volcanic activity at Krakatau until May 20, 1883. On that day, after 200 years of asleep, there was a small explosion at Mount Krakatau. That would be early signs of the massive eruption in the Sunda Strait. Small explosion was followed by small eruptions that peak occurred on 26-27 August 1883.

On the day Monday, August 27, 1883, promptly at 10.20, burst into the mountain. According to Simon Winchester, a geologist who graduated from the University of Oxford England is also the author of National Geographic said that the blast was the biggest, loudest and most devastating volcanic events in modern human history. The voice sounded erupt until 4600 miles from the center of the eruption and can even be heard by one eighth of the population of the earth at that time.

According to researchers at the University of North Dakota, with the explosion of Krakatoa explosion of Tambora (1815) recorded a score of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), the largest in modern history. The Guinness Book of Records noted the explosion of Anak Krakatau as the most powerful explosion in recorded history.

Krakatoa explosion had thrown stones pumice and volcanic ash with a volume of 18 cubic kilometers. Bursts of dust vulkanisnya mencavai 80 km. Hard objects that flew into the air it falls on the plains of Java and Sumatra, even to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia and New Zealand.

The eruption destroyed Danan Mountain, Mount Perbuwatan and part of Mount Rakata cone where the missing half, create a basin-wide 7 km and as deep as 250 meters. Waves reached as high as 40 meters destroying villages and whatever is on the coast. The tsunami was caused not only because of the eruption but also underwater avalanches.

Recorded the death toll reached 36,417 people from 295 coastal villages from Peacock (Attack) until cilamaya in Falkirk, west coast of Banten to display on the island of Cape Panaitan (Ujung Kulon and southern Sumatra. In Ujungkulon, incoming flood of up to 15 km to the west. The next day until a few days later, residents of Jakarta and Lampung hinterland no longer see the sun. Tsunami waves generated propagate even down to the coast of Hawaii, the west coast of Central America and the Arabian Peninsula 7 thousand kilometers away.