It allows for fingerprint matching "hit/no hit" queries between the nations, pursuant to which law enforcement officials in either country may submit the fingerprintinformation of a suspected criminal or terrorist to the other country for an immediate determination whether the queried country holds matching fingerprintrecords, while incorporating important privacy protections. If this initial inquiry results in a match, only then may follow-up inquiries be made through law enforcement or mutual legal assistance channels. The parties may also "spontaneously" share terrorism or criminal information with each other, even without a query being made. This spontaneous or voluntary sharing may occur on a case-by-case basis or in bulk and may be used for criminal investigations, for preventing a serious threat to public security, and for other related uses.