At our neighborhood playground in Brooklyn, you can hear kids shouting and playing in Russian, Spanish, Yiddish, Tagalog, French, Hebrew, Vietnamese, Cantonese and Polish. This kind of giddy cacophony has been par for the course in New York City for 150 years, but it's becoming more and more common across the country.

A new report out today from the nonprofit Migration Policy Institute says there has been a 300 percent increase since 1980 in the number of young children who have at least one foreign-born parent. That makes up 25 percent of all children under 8. In California, the most immigrant-heavy state, it's 49 percent.

Diversity has long been an American strength, economically and culturally. But this generation of immigrant families, the report argues, comes with special challenges that the nation's education system is not fully equipped for:

45 percent of immigrant parents of young children are low-income.

47 percent have limited English proficiency.

45 percent have less than a high school diploma.

Given these issues, children of immigrants are less likely to enroll in preschool, and in general they arrive at school already behind. One 2007 study compared white children with first-generation Mexican-Americans starting kindergarten. Three-fourths of the white children had basic reading proficiency; only 42 percent of the Mexican-American children did.

Better data collection to identify the needs of families before the kids start school.

Creating education, literacy, and English-language classes targeted specifically at parents. The report notes that limited resources for adult ed are often focused not on parents but on young adults transitioning to college and job preparation.

Including parent education and support as a "critical priority" in the creation, expansion and evaluation of high-quality preschool programs.

As the report notes, growing up bilingual has cognitive benefits that are well documented by research. And certain immigrant groups, particularly East Asians, South Asians and West Indians, show marked upward mobility and high levels of educational attainment. Which is to say, it's not a foregone conclusion that the children of immigrants will struggle academically or in life —as long as they're given the right support.

We've been to school. We know how education works. Right? In fact, many aspects of learning — in homes, at schools, at work and elsewhere — are evolving rapidly, along with our understanding of learning. Join us as we explore how learning happens.