Stem terete or slightly flattened, not black spotted. Many submersed leaves more than 4 mm wide, 3-8 cm long, with 3-9 veins, sessile, not cordate or auriculate at the base. Stipular sheath 1-3 cm long. Beak of the achene less than 1.5 mm long and lacking a basal appendage. Plants not red tinged.

Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. Eighth edition. A handbook of the flowering plants and ferns of the central and northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. American Book Co., New York.

Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 910 pp.