HISTORY CP Europea Documents

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1. Frederick II the Great (r. 1740-86) After near losses during mid-century
wars, he attempted to repair Prussia. He implemented new economic policies but
much of the burden still fell on the poor. He extended toleration to Jews and
Catholics and attempte

1. Adam Smith (1723-1790) Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
Nations in 1776 stated that individuals self interests were the best way to
maximize societys well-being. It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the
brewer, or the baker

1. Womens March on Versailles While Louis XVI stalled to ratify the
Declaration, 7,000 women grew suspicious of troops and stormed Versailles and
forced the royal family to return to Paris so that the NCA could exercise more
control over him. This kept re

1. The War of Jenkins Ear (1739) In a Spanish raid on a British trading ship, a
Spanish officer cut off a British merchants ear. Jenkins preserved his ear and
showed it to Walpole and Parliament. War was declared in 1739 against the
Spanish and grew large

Andi Peng
Rivera 5AB
1. Stamp/Sugar Acts Taxes that GB lobbied on its North American colonies. The
Sugar Act came under PM Grenville in 1764, a low tax that was strictly enforced.
The Stamp Act followed in 1765, a tax on legal documents and paper items. T

1. Deism The belief that one could live a logical and religious life simultaneously.
The idea of deism was born from the Newtonian World View. God set nature in
order and then left, leaving humans to determine their fate. Thus, no original sin
and predest

1. Philosophes Writers and critics that were behind the Enlightenment movement.
Advocates for reform, they were aided by the growth of print culture, especially
the Encyclopedia. They believed that human society could and needed to be
improved. Thus, they

1. Tennis Court Oath After the National Assembly formed it declared that it
would remain until it came up with a constitution for France. Afterwards the king
ordered the first and second estates to meet with the Assembly. This was a clear
sign that the ki

1.
Temple of Reason A new form of religion that had roots in Deism
and reason. It was established by Robespierre in 1794. A supreme
being would be worshipped as part of a new state cult that would breed
morality and loyalty to the state above all else. Th

1. Pauline Leon The leader of a group of women that petitioned the Legislative
Assembly for the right to bear arms and fight for the protection of the revolution.
She had led efforts for women to serve in the National Guard and used the
powerful rhetoric

1. Crisis of the French Monarchy After the 7 Years War, the monarchy had
incurred massive war debts. More was assumed by aiding the North American
colonists in the American Revolution against GB. Just before the revolution,
interest payments on debt amoun