Causes

Sound waves travel from the outside and through structures in the outer, middle, and inner ear. The auditory nerve transmits the signal to the brain where it is translated into sound. Interruption of the sound wave can occur in the ear structures, the auditory nerve, or in the brain where sound waves are translated. This interruption can result in deafness.

Deafness can be present at birth (or soon after) or acquired anytime throughout life. In many cases, the cause of deafness may be unknown.

Risk Factors

Factors related to fetal development and birth that may increase the chance of deafness include:

Certain infections in the mother during pregnancy, including rubella or sexually transmitted diseases

Certain medications taken by the mother that affect the fetus during pregnancy

Treatment

Treatment for deafness depends on the cause. Some types are permanent and cannot be treated. Lifestyle changes are an important part of coping with deafness. Some forms of deafness can be partially treated with surgery. You and your doctor will discuss the best treatment options for you.

If you are planning to go to a new place, such as a theater or hotel, find out what accommodations or assistance is available before you arrive.

It is common to feel isolated and removed in social situations. This can lead to feelings of depression or social anxiety. Part of managing deafness may include counseling or a support group.

Surgery

A
cochlear implant
directly stimulates part of the brain and uses a tiny computer microprocessor to sort out incoming sound.
It can be for certain types of hearing loss that affect the inner ear.

Prevention

Deafness may not be preventable in all people.
Hearing screening for newborns can help ensure that hearing loss in young babies is detected and treated at the earliest possible stage. This will lessen the impact on your baby's life.

To help reduce the chance of deafness for you or your child:

Make sure all vaccines are up to date.

Get proper prenatal care, including screening for infectious diseases.

Avoid certain drugs during pregnancy.

Consider genetic testing if there is a family history of deafness.

Get prompt treatment for infections, including those that affect the ear directly.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

Deafness—a range of causes. State Government of Victoria Better Health website. Available at: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Deafness%5F-%5Fa%5Frange%5Fof%5Fcauses. Updated June 2011. Accessed September 11, 2015.