tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6818144782356888532018-12-28T09:36:18.993-08:00Indigenous Sport Canada - War CanoeWar Canoeologynoreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-84532071723830500362018-12-27T09:42:00.001-08:002018-12-28T09:36:18.919-08:00Social Statistics: Olympic Sprint Canoe Clubs in Canada<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uhPWSS1dt58/XCUOdcZJ8rI/AAAAAAAAAXI/Bp5i25lDWcg-pKrovBj3q1SWWeq0vO0OwCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-12-27%2Bat%2B9.35.29%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="355" data-original-width="1309" height="172" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uhPWSS1dt58/XCUOdcZJ8rI/AAAAAAAAAXI/Bp5i25lDWcg-pKrovBj3q1SWWeq0vO0OwCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-12-27%2Bat%2B9.35.29%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="display: inline; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="display: inline !important;"><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: &quot;arial&quot;;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">How many Olympic Sprint Canoe Clubs in Canada name themselves after Indigenous words? 19% of the clubs do. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: &quot;arial&quot;;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">How many Olympic Sprint Canoe Clubs in Canada use stereotypical "Indian" head logos? 2% of the clubs do. </span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: &quot;arial&quot;;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">How many Olympic Sprint Canoe Clubs in Canada advertise mainstream "war canoe" racing? </span></span>38.5% <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">of the clubs do.&nbsp;</span></li></ul><br /><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre;"><span style="font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre;"><span style="font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For this example, I have chosen to create a table called “Olympic Sprint Canoe Clubs in Canada”. </span></div></div></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;arial&quot;;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4syYpqNacuQ/XCUP1qQ6n4I/AAAAAAAAAXc/MiMZ3bIuamkbKM7yggS0Up6coADjBwL-QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-12-27%2Bat%2B9.34.39%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="147" data-original-width="894" height="104" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4syYpqNacuQ/XCUP1qQ6n4I/AAAAAAAAAXc/MiMZ3bIuamkbKM7yggS0Up6coADjBwL-QCEwYBhgL/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-12-27%2Bat%2B9.34.39%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><span style="font-family: &quot;arial&quot;;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span><br /><ol style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; white-space: pre;"><li dir="ltr" style="font-size: 11pt; list-style-type: lower-alpha; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nominal</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> level is </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">qualitative</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in that we will measure by Province how many Olympic Sprint Canoe Clubs there are in Canada. The sport of canoe racing is governed by the National Sport Organization, CanoeKayak Canada.</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="font-size: 11pt; list-style-type: lower-alpha; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rank-Order</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> level is </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">quantitative</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in that I can visit the Institution’s (CanoeKayak Canada) website at </span><a href="http://canoekayak.ca/find-a-club/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://canoekayak.ca/find-a-club/</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and count how many Olympic Sprint Canoe Clubs there are in each province. From there, I can determine, which Province has more clubs.</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="font-size: 11pt; list-style-type: lower-alpha; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Equal-Interval level </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">&nbsp;allows us to assign a score, such as percentage, to the values of the variables found in the Rank-Order level where I show a count of the number of clubs per Province. For example, I created a table showing that the Rank-Order value of total clubs was 91 in Canada and I displayed the total count in quantitative numbers per Province. Now I will add a “percentage” value to determine the equal-interval percentage per province. &nbsp;To do this, I will do the following math:</span></div></li></ol><ul style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; white-space: pre;"><li dir="ltr" style="font-size: 11pt; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the Province of Ontario (Ranked #1 by number of clubs) there are 32 and we know that in Canada there is a total of 91. Therefore 91 = 100% and now we need to determine what the percentage value is of 32 out of 91. &nbsp;1) 100%=91 and 2) X%=32. By combining the two left rows and the two right rows to have the same values, it would look like 100%/x%=91/32. By multiplying both values by </span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(100/x)*x=(91/32)*x which equals 100=2.84375*x and by dividing both sides of the equation, we get X, which is x=35.1648351648. As a Result of this equation, I round it off to 35% and add it to my table below. I repeat the same calculation to determine the rest of the values per Province.</span></div></li></ul></div></div>War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-86705447525809070972018-09-06T13:54:00.000-07:002018-10-31T19:42:08.609-07:00CanoeKayak Canada Mainstream/Whitestream War Canoe -vs- Indigenous War Canoe<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zlA2ZnZDVyY/W5GQXDxde0I/AAAAAAAAAUQ/r6hM7kPAMBUpAGOiLqbv0jufTlzsf9XJgCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-09-06%2Bat%2B12.57.01%2BPM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="655" data-original-width="1188" height="352" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zlA2ZnZDVyY/W5GQXDxde0I/AAAAAAAAAUQ/r6hM7kPAMBUpAGOiLqbv0jufTlzsf9XJgCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-09-06%2Bat%2B12.57.01%2BPM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">APTN television series “Samaqan: Water Stories”[4], in the episode about the Tribal Canoe Journeys 20th anniversary that was released in 2014. The youngest of the Campbell Brothers can be seen above in blue.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><u><b>History of the War Canoe Movement</b></u><br /><br />In order to have a social movement, you need to have a social problem. In my course Social Problems (Socio 290) I wrote my final research paper on <a href="http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2017/09/the-assimilation-of-indigenous.html">The Assimilation of Indigenous Canoe/Kayak, within the past 150 years, in the Maritimes</a> [1]. In that paper I wrote about how the Olympic Institute of CanoeKayak Canada, a mainstream/whitestream sport organization’s “war canoe” racing amounts to a) colonization, b) cultural appropriation, and c) cultural assimilation. It does this by calling their racing canoes and the sport - “war canoes” when white people never went to a war in a canoe and the First Nations people of Canada did. These white teams of athletes paddling “war canoes” then a) name their teams after indigenous words or nations, as seen in the Mic Mac Canoe Club and b) wear stereotypical “Indian” head logos on their team outfits when they have no association with the Mi’kmaq First Nation historically. This mainstream sport of “war canoe” amounts to a collective activity and not a social movement. In a Truth and Reconciliation era, Indigenous communities are trying to reconnect with their culture which in many cases was lost due to the long-term effects of the Canadian Indian Residential School system. The war canoe is a large part of the First Nations people of Canada’s history and as they move forward the mainstream “war canoe” racing system of the Institute CanoeKayak Canada is confusing and inappropriate when viewed in a balanced context .<br /><br />In the book by Suzanne Staggenborg and Howard Ramos - Social Movements (3rd edition), they write “most social movement scholars would agree that social movements ‘are collective efforts, of some duration and organization, using non-institutionalized methods to bring about social change’ (Flacks, 2005:5). ” [2] . An example of a Canadian Social Movement in a Truth and Reconciliation Era can be seen in 2013 by way of an online petition against the Institution of CanoeKayak Canada: Change The Name from "War Canoe" to C-15 [3]. The petition ran for a set amount of time and its intent was for the Institutions to understand the historical context of “war canoe” racing and how it would not be considered acceptable in a Truth and Reconciliation era. The petition opens with “In June of 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper stood in the House of Commons, and on behalf of the Government, apologized to the First Nations people of Canada.” and it reads out the apology and ends with “"Today, we recognize that this policy of assimilation was wrong, has caused great harm, and has no place in our country."”. Yet, we still have assimilation happening in the sport of Canoe and Kayak “war canoe” racing. Where Indigenous youth are encouraged to participate in mainstream “war canoe”. The petition continues with “CanoeKayak Canada and its club members continue to race 'war canoes' amongst the dominant culture. The use of this term (for this type of canoe/race) is insulting and demeaning to most First Nations people. While generations of 'white' people were racing these canoes and calling them 'war canoes' the indigenous people of our country were being segregated, abused, neglected and tortured to rid them of their culture, language and traditions.”<br /><br /><br /><a name='more'></a><br /><br /><br /><b><u>Issues and Ideas of the War Canoe Movement</u></b><br /><br />To understand the issues of the war canoe movement, you only need to look as far as the petition itself. Many indigenous people left comments such as Angie McCabe’s :“This is important to me because I believe this term comes from the first nation people and I believe that if we are going to use this term, the canoe should be filled with first nations people.”[3].<br /><br />&nbsp;For decades the mainstream culture has attempted, through governmental policies and European attitudes, to assimilate and annieliate the indigenous culture.&nbsp; First Nations people have been struggling to reclaim many aspects of their culture - the canoe being of immense symbolism and meaning to them.&nbsp; It is insulting to have a predominantly ‘white’ faction (CanoeKayak Canada) rewrite history and act as if it is solely of importance to themselves.<br />Max Johnson from Bella Bella, B.C. writes - “that's so unfair for our people. A war canoe is what our ancestors used to travel all over the place. And today we use them for our tribal journeys. This is a slap in the face. they should be called race canoes for sure.”[3].<br /><br />Like many insightful First Nations people, there is emerging a ‘real understanding’ of how aspects of their own culture have been claimed by the ‘white’ culture - dismissing any significance it may hold for the Indigenous peoples of this country.&nbsp; The war canoe played a very important historical significance in many of B.C.’s Indigenous&nbsp; coastal communities.&nbsp; They had many uses, of which they were occasionally utilized to transport warriors in times of conflict with other tribes.&nbsp; Their history and their culture is once again, being completely ignored and dismissed by the sport institutions that claim their racing canoe is a ‘war canoe’.&nbsp; <br /><br />When Johnson writes about “our tribal journeys”, he is referring to the Annual Tribal Canoe Journeys founded by Cathy and Frank Brown of Bella Bella. In 1986 they paddled a dugout ‘War’ canoe from Bella Bella to the World’s Fair - Expo ‘86 in Vancouver B.C..&nbsp; [3] The Annual Tribal Canoe Journeys can be considered the first collective activity of First Nations people on the west coast of Canada - participating in the War Canoe movement. In the APTN television series “Samaqan: Water Stories”, the show’s host Severn Cullis - Suzuki says that a “young couple wanted to get involved, they didn’t know that an idea would spark one of the largest cultural revivals to be witnessed on the Pacific Northwest.” [4]. Cathy Brown states that the movement took shape in&nbsp; 1989 for the Washington State Centennial.&nbsp; “We paddled on the ocean to Seattle with about 7 canoes.&nbsp; The emotions and the feelings of completing this strenuous, inspirational journey was extremely high.”&nbsp; Cathy Brown further stated: “we hosted the first Tribal Journeys in 1993 up in Bella Bella.&nbsp; That's when the canoes paddled from Washington and two from the north came to Bella Bella - that's how we got involved” [4]. Today, over 100 dugout war canoes participate in the current Tribal Canoe Journeys.<br /><br />The First Nations peoples of the Pacific Northwest, led by the coastal communities of British Columbia, are getting together living their culture, deepening their connections to their culture and to each other.&nbsp; They are showing the Federal/Provincial Governments that they can survive… and more - they can thrive within their culture.&nbsp; Thus, when the ‘dominant’ culture say they “race war canoes” and that “it is an integral part of their sporting history” they are mocking and completely eradicating the significance of the ‘war canoe’ to the Indigenous peoples of this country.&nbsp; It is just one more example of the ‘white’ culture taking over aspects of another culture and calling it their ‘own’.&nbsp; The sad fact is that most First Nations people do not even recognize this fact and just accept it as ‘truth’.&nbsp; &nbsp;Assimilation is now complete.<br /><br /><b><u>The War Canoe Movement Realities its Confronting</u></b><br /><br />The war canoe social movement is confronting postcolonial realities that have been created since the federation of Canada.&nbsp; When Frances Trowsse wrote after signing the petition - “I believe it is important to inform Canadians about our 'real' history - not a sanitized version. I believe this petition is a good example of an effort to educate Canada/Canadians and begin speaking with truths.”[3]. She was speaking to the reality that the social movement is confronting. A challenge is to educate the public of&nbsp; mainstream “war canoe” and to understand the history of why white people raced “war canoes”. A glimpse into that era can be found in The Antique &amp; Classic Boat Society – Toronto, Racing Canoe and Regattas article by Ron Riddell where he writes “In 1882 the first “War Canoe” race was held at Lachine, Quebec. These open canoes came in different lengths - 20’, 30’, and 35’. Originally they were built by the Ontario Canoe Company as freight canoes to be used for exploration and surveying. A lighter version was built for the Toronto Canoe Club and was facetiously referred to as a “War Canoe” [5].” If the Cambridge Dictionary says “facetiously” is&nbsp; “not serious about a serious subject, in an attempt to be funny or to appear clever” [6]. Then it may be considered that the joke at the time was white people never went to war in a canoe and the “Indians” did, but who cares and the name stuck for 100+ years. What seems so obvious at the time, would not be acceptable today. Yet, the Institution of CanoeKayak Canada prides its history and “it is the focal point of the club system” for the Institution [7]. Ridell writes ““In 1899 ACA held their first War Canoe races at Hay Island, St Lawrence River; all the canoes were Canadian. Also that summer, the Britannia Club of Ottawa promoted a War Canoe league that became the Canadian Canoe Association (CCA). [7]” The Canadian Canoe Association has been renamed CanoeKayak Canada, Incorporated in 1900.”[8].<br /><br />The war canoe social movement is not limited to an online petition, there were many activities by the group to challenge the Institution and their practices.&nbsp; Ridell writes “The Golden Years of Canadian canoe sport happened from 1919 to 1939 when membership and spectator popularity expanded.[7]” Post World War 2, canoe racing declined for many reasons, and&nbsp; now that we are in the Truth and Reconciliation Era, the Institutions need to strongly consider the “facetiousness” in the naming of their sport and the impact it is having on Indigenous people of Canada who are trying to reconnect with their culture.<br /><br /><b>The activities of the group</b><br /><br /><b>1. Social Media </b>- Ultimately the war canoe social movement gains momentum via social media by creating its own audience of followers [9]. The Institutions were aware of the numerous action to bring these issues to their attention. They would collectively block the social media accounts that were advocating the message. Sending a” we don’t care” message to the movement. In addition, one of the ex-presidents of the Institutions felt so compelled by the movement’s message via social media, he sent a series of statements/questions [11] to the group in regards to the mainstreams use of “war canoe”.<br /><br /><b>2. Video Responses</b> - The movement would respond in the form of videos. In the same APTN television series “Samaqan: Water Stories”[4], in the episode about the Tribal Canoe Journeys 20th anniversary that was released in 2014. During its filming in 2012, the Campbell brothers would be introduced in the segment. They were the founder’s Cathy and Frank Browns orphaned nephews aged 12 (twins) and 15 at the time. Their mother had just passed away and on the episode you can see their grandmother speaking to the importance of the Tribal Canoe journeys to Cathy and Frank Brown inside the Cowichan Tribes dinner hall. Their grandma says to Cathy and Frank Brown - “they just lost their mother and Frank you couldn’t have picked a better time to ask my grandson’s to go on this journey.”[4] She would continue to say “when you're crossing that sound there, you think of mother, every paddle that you pull,&nbsp; think of all the things&nbsp; that your mother said to you. Wanted to be a good boy, to walk the right road”[4]. Shortly after the filming of this episode, the Campbell brothers would become part of the Institution&nbsp; CanoeKayak Canada’s racing system as they prepared to go to the North American Indigenous Games Canoe Championships. Their goal was to win a gold medal for their mother and they would dedicated the next two years to that dream.<br /><br />At the time (2012-13), the Campbell brothers were learning about the “Indian” Residential School from their grandmother (who was a survivor) and she would advocate to them as they were the 7th generation “offspring” of the school system. She encouraged the boys to speak out against Institutions in regards to their culture and how Indigenous youth were being treated by the Mainstream Institutions at the time in the sport of canoe and kayak [10]. It was at this time, that the Campbell brothers would record a video called The War Canoe Talking Circle [11], where they sat around a fire answering the questions asked by the ex-president of the Institution. It was unscripted, candid and accurate, however it was not received well by the current administration of the Institution.<br /><br />The Campbell brothers would find out the hard way that their voice had consequences if they spoke out in regards to their culture.&nbsp; They would find out at the upcoming 2013 BC provincial canoe championships at Seabird Island. This event was also a qualifier for the 2014 North American Indigenous Canoe Championships.&nbsp; The brothers had just won all their races in both the canoe and kayak events and&nbsp; became the Provincial Canoe and Kayak Champions for their age categories. During the medal ceremony, the Executive Director of the mainstream/whitestream Institution CanoeKayak BC, (the provincial partner of the federal institution CanoeKayak Canada) would tell a crowded hall of First Nations people that the qualifications for going to the NAIG Canoe Championships would not just be ‘results’ based - but would also be based on their idea of&nbsp; “good behaviour” [12].&nbsp; Despite the fact that the Institutions had already put out a technical package that explained the results - based qualifying process.&nbsp; This additional method of qualifying was aimed specifically at the Campbell brothers for their outspoken beliefs [13].&nbsp; They felt the Executive Director was speaking directly to them, as did some First Nations Elders in the room. With one elder Dorothy Sheppard, a Indian Residential School Survivor saying “that’s how they talked to us in residential school” [14]. She would explain that those with behavioural problems would be punished if they spoke out about their culture such as these brothers had done.<br /><br />In the end, the Campbell brothers would be targeted by the Institutions seeking any reason to exclude them from the 2014 NAIG Canoe Championships.&nbsp; This conveniently came in the form of their grandfather’s funeral. On the day of their grandfather’s funeral there was a “mandatory” training camp. These provincial champions were not able to attend, the Institution ruled that therefore they could not attend the NAIG canoe championships despite their spots remaining empty at the event. They were being punished once again by the Institution for adhering to their cultural protocol.<br />When the Institution decided to ban the Campbell brothers from the NAIG canoe championships, they were instilling their values. In the academic paper ‘‘A Rink at this School is Almost as Essential as a Classroom’’: Hockey and Discipline at Pelican Lake Indian Residential School, 1945–1951 BY BRADEN TE HIWI AND JANICE FORSYTH&nbsp; [15] - “The residential school system was founded on the assumption that Western-European ways of living and knowing were superior to Indigenous lifestyles, and that in order for colonization to work, Indigenous peoples’ attachment to their land and culture had to be broken down and replaced with European values, beliefs, and practices.”[15] This speaks to values between sport and “indian” residential school systems. Forsyth writes ““There was little to no room for self-expression in these exercises. The students were required to move in unison as the instructor called out the appropriate commands. While military drill was reserved for the boys, both boys and girls were required to engage in calisthenics and gymnastics.18”[15]. The similarities between the values in sport at the “indian” residential school can be seen in this example when the Campbell brothers spoke about their war canoe culture in an attempt to educate the mainstream sport Institutions [11]. Forsyth writes ““Muscular Christianity played a central role in their missions.24 Muscular Christianity was a British concept that focused on the development of good Christians through sport and games by instilling character traits such as courage, toughness, self-reliance, and sportsmanship in athletes.25”. These characteristic values can be seen in the Institutions website where they write that mainstream “war canoe” racing is “"A timeless demonstration of power and teamwork"” [7]. When Forsyth writes “The development offered by the ideals of Muscular Christianity in sports and games were, in many ways, different from, but also complementary to, the rigid focus on strict discipline and obedience that characterized physical education prior to World War II. Set within a Canadian context, and specifically the residential school system, Muscular Christianity, with its notions of team spirit and cooperation, fair and ethical play, striving to do one’s best, and always accepting the decisions handed out by the coach and referee were as much about cultural development and fitting into Canadian society as it was about fostering submissive obedience.” [15] It would appear that the ideology of Muscular Christianity can be seen in the mainstream sport of “war canoe” racing. To add to the challenges of the Campbell brothers, the Institutions Executive Director was in direct contact with their school principal and that school principal would use and leverage the NAIG Canoe Championships as a tool of good behaviour [7]. Any time the brothers had an issue in school, they would be directly challenged by the principal&nbsp; on whether they will be able to attend the competition.<br /><br />When Staggenborg and Howard Ramos - Social Movements (3rd edition), write “according to Tilly, social movements - as they developed in the West after 1750 - came to consist of sustained campaigns that made collective claims aimed at authorities. They typically created special-purpose associations or coalitions and engaged in tactics such as demonstrations, petition drives, public statements, and meetings” [2].&nbsp; The activities of the group did not just end with a a) online petition, b) social media post and c) video responses towards the Institutions. But further attempts to bring these social problems to the Institutions attention included a) Ontario Human Rights Complaint, b) Registered Federal Lobbying for 12-months, c) APTN Investigates television interviews, and d) a newspaper article in The Hill Times, Ottawa, a political newspaper.<br /><br /><b>Do the Internet and the World Wide Web provide a viable alternative to the mainstream media?</b><br /><br />Yes it does, for example, social media accounts like the war canoe social movement Twitter have close to 10,000 followers [9]. At first the Institutions will ignore you, then they will play the victims by dismissing the movement to their peers and ultimately the movement finds its own voice and audience to speak to. Unfortunately the Institution carries on their business as usual and the Internet has provided a channel to communicate directly to educate the public of the war canoe social movements with its audience. In addition to the use of social media, social movements such as this one have used online petitions and video responses in an attempt to gain the Institutions attention on the subject with hopes of change.<br /><br />In what ways does the WWW, as an alternative information source, challenge the domination of corporate media and provide space for a more democratic definition of right and wrong?<br />Since the Institution has the power to get media spots such as CBC news articles and different television spots to promote their ideology as seen when Nina Cofu wrote the article “New $25K war canoe gives Banook paddlers edge in 'very Canadian' sport” about the mainstream war canoe and further tweeted “I had no idea war canoe racing (C-15) only happens in Canada! #UniquelyCanadian, #CanuckSports” [17] yet fails to mention any connection to the Indigenous people of Canada, she is reinforcing that colonia ideology. Social Media has allowed the movement to challenge the writers/producers directly. In the past, movements had difficulty in mass communications as the technologies were simply not there (pre-1990’s). Today with social media and the Internet, social movements such as seen in this research essay have the ability to voice their opinion directly to their opponents.<br /><br /><b>Are there particular challenges that social movement organizers face when using the WWW as an alternative?</b><br /><br />In this social movement, the Internet is really the only way for the social movement to move forward. Because of the large geographical landscape of Canada. It's not feasible for a group of First Nations people on the West Coast of Canada who may paddle war canoes to travel to Ottawa where the Sport Institutions offices are located to protest in person. In addition the Institutions have shown no will to change over the decades of bringing this to their attention.<br /><br /><b>If the WWW does have potential, what are some things that could undermine that potential and weaken the impact?</b><br /><br />As powerful as the Internet has been in getting attention for this social movement. The institutions also have access to the same technology and with a larger budget and technical support they can simply out do the movement with their own brand power. For example in my previous assignment, I wrote about war canoe racing in Canada. When Corfu wrote, “New $25K war canoe gives Banook paddlers edge in 'very Canadian' sport” she writes about the mainstream/whitestream war canoe racing. This Institutional power to get CBC to write articles from their perspective allows them to push their ideology over the historical accuracies of the Indigenous movement of reconnecting with their culture.<br /><br />The Institution is able to get their “war canoe” canoe sport in the Canada Summer Games as seen in 2013 Canada Summer Games where the Institution can get a TV spot about their version of mainstream War Canoe racing. Hugues Fournel, an Olympic Kayaker said “Every kid, every club, if you’re in a canoe club somewhere in Canada, you’re for sure going to do War Canoe.” [18] The reporter says, that the mainstream/whitestream “war canoe” “is considered the cadillac of canoes, that Fournel and Ontario’s Taylor Potts, a gold medal winner here as a stepping stone at the club level for their success.”[18] Fournel further says “Everybody's screaming and you feel like you are in a war and thats why its called war canoe and it's one of the oldest, oldest races we do in Canada”[18]. Like the writer in The End of Homework states ““this makes childhood the best time to indoctrinate a population. Children are innocent and naive by nature, and have minimal defenses against the nefarious intent of others.”[19]. Essentially generations of Canadians have grown up believing that mainstream war canoe racing is a) stepping stone to success and b) that its named “war canoe” because it feels like you are in a “war”. Again, there is no academic data suggesting that “war canoe” is a stepping stone to success and white people didn’t go to war in a canoe. Yet, First Nations peoples of Canada did.<br /><br />Despite the war canoe movement to educate the Institution, CanoeKayak Canada would create a video with their corporate sponsor Bear Mountain Boats, Sprint Racing: History, where the commentator says: “This war canoe is a sprint derivative of the classic First Nations boats that you might see on the west coast. They are longer than the traditional birch bark canoes seen in First Nations communities.”[20]. Historically this is incorrect as seen in the writings of by Ron Riddell [5].<br /><br /><b>Movement's use of the Internet and the WWW.&nbsp;</b><br /><br />The movements use of the Internet has been large. Particularly in social media.&nbsp; The movement can show a different perspective than the mainstream message and further can challenge that message.<br />What are they doing on the Internet?<br />Over the years, the Internet has been the channel to communicate the message. Today, academic research on this movement is posted.<br /><br /><b>What strategies are they using?&nbsp;</b><br /><br />At this point it's no longer an organized movement and therefore the Institutions have won their battle.&nbsp; They had far superior resources, time, and capabilities to continue the fight.&nbsp; &nbsp;Until another wave in a different era comes along and picks up the agenda. There really aren’t any strategies moving forward.<br /><br /><b>What difficulties are they having?</b><br /><br />The institutions don't care, they patronize the First Nations and this case example shows the Institutions carelessness of their actions.&nbsp; The Institution is so big, so entrenched in their belief system of&nbsp; ‘assimilation’ being “the right way to do things” they are not even aware of the negative, long-reaching impact of their policies on the people they believe they serve.<br /><br /><b><u>Conclusion</u></b><br /><br />In January 2017, Dr. Janice Forsyth wrote a paper called “What does reconciliation mean for Aboriginal sport development in Canada? A discussion.” [21]&nbsp; I will speak further to this later.<br />In conclusion, consider&nbsp; the “Windspeaker War Canoe Meet Olympics” (2003) [22], an article about a Coast Salish First Nations person (Derrick George) who dreams of bringing his indigenous stream sport of war canoe racing to the Olympics. In that article the institution (John Edwards, Domestic Director: CanoeKayak Canada) says it knows nothing of the initiative,&nbsp; dismissing the Indigenous person: “Edwards said George's desire to have war canoe racing included in the Olympics sooner rather than later stands "Not even a ghost of a chance."[22]”.&nbsp; The Windspeaker writes that “George was hoping the sport could make it into the Olympics by 2008. "If not 2008, then 2012."[22]”. We know today that Edwards and the institution took their own version of the mainstream “War Canoe” to the 2012 London Olympics to showcase their own version of the “war canoe” as seen in the Globe and Mail - Young Nova Scotia athletes take war canoe to London Olympics&nbsp; [23]. At the Olympics, a short demonstration was made, where canoes from all over the world were paddled for the audience and in that moment in time, the Institution decided it would be best to demonstrate the mainstream “war canoe” and neglect the Indigenous war canoe.<br /><br />Consider that the&nbsp; Domestic Director, John Edwards, refers to his version of the “war canoe” as the most Canadian boat [18].&nbsp; Consider that the Institution will put it’s own interests first, as seen in the War Canoe Meets Olympics [22]. Consider the war canoe movement which targets the Institutions - not only by petition [3] and a series of video responses [11], it also included&nbsp; a) Ontario Human Rights Complaint, b) Registered Federal Lobbying, c) APTN Investigates television interviews, and d) a newspaper article in ‘The Hill, Ottawa’, a political newspaper. Despite the support of many Indigenous peoples and their views on the The Institution’s ignorance on the topic - the Institution would continue to ignore the plight of the First Nation.&nbsp; In fact they would actually ramp up their promotion of their own mainstream “war canoe” at the same time as they profess to advocate for the First Nations inclusion.&nbsp; For example after the 2014 North American Indigenous Games was over, the Institutions website would no longer have an “Aboriginal Paddling Initiative”. Yet, they would create an extensive promotion of their mainstream “war canoe” racing instead [7]. In addition, I outlined in this research essay that the Institution had newspaper articles [17], television media spots [18] and educational materials [20] developed to promote their message to drown out the Indigenous one. One can conclude the Institution is not only Ignorant, but they simply don’t care.<br /><br />Therefore, in attempt to answer Dr. Forsyth’s question&nbsp; “What does reconciliation mean for Aboriginal sport development in Canada? A discussion. [21]”. I would say how can you Reconcile, when the Institutions refuses to understand the Truth?<br /><br /><u><b>References</b></u><br /><u><b><br /></b></u>The Assimilation of Indigenous Canoe/Kayak, within the past 150 years, in the Maritimes. - http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2017/09/the-assimilation-of-indigenous.html<br />Suzanne Staggenborg and Howard Ramos - Social Movements (3rd edition)<br />CanoeKayak Canada: Change The Name from "War Canoe" to C-15 - https://www.change.org/p/canoe-kayak-canada-stop-war-canoe-racing<br />APTN Water Stories<br />The Antique &amp; Classic Boat Society – Toronto, Racing Canoe and Regattas by Ron Riddell -<br />Cambridge English Dictonary - https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/facetious<br />CanoeKayak Canada “War Canoe” - http://canoekayak.ca/go-paddling/war-canoe/<br />Canadian Canoe Association - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Kayak_Canada<br />War Canoe Social Media - https://twitter.com/sportindigenous<br />Interviews with Amelia Campbell and the Campbell Brothers<br />War Canoe Talking Circle - http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2018/08/war-canoe-talking-circle.html<br />Seabird Island Medal Presentation<br />2013 BC Aboriginal Provincial Canoe Championships - Post Award Ceremonies Interviews with Campbell Brothers<br />&nbsp;Dorothy Sheppard Interview<br />“A Rink at this School is Almost as Essential as a Classroom”: Hockey and Discipline at Pelican Lake Indian Residential School, 1945–1951 Braden Te Hiwi, Janice Forsyth<br />Campbell Brothers Video Interviews leading up to the 2014 North American Indigenous Games<br />New $25K war canoe gives Banook paddlers edge in 'very Canadian' sport - https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/banook-club-paddling-war-canoe-sport-bear-mountain-boats-1.4108943<br />2013 Summer Games War Canoe TV spot - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQLXUNmf9FU<br />The End of Homework - Etta Kralovec and John Buell<br />Bear Mountain War Canoe Video - https://www.bearmountainboats.ca/blogs/bear-mountain-boats/war-canoes-101<br />What does reconciliation mean for Aboriginal sport development in Canada? A discussion by Janice Forsyth, January 12, 2017<br />Windspeaker - Olympics meet war canoe racing - http://ammsa.com/publications/windspeaker/olympics-meet-war-canoe-racing<br />Globe and Mail - Young Nova Scotia athletes take war canoe to London Olympics - https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/young-nova-scotia-athletes-take-war-canoe-to-london-olympics/article4170287/<br /><div><br /></div>War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-52714228723073553832018-09-06T07:54:00.000-07:002018-10-31T19:30:30.170-07:00Indoctrination (Examples/Purposes): The Greater Victoria Harbour Authority, CanoeKayak Canada and Right To Play.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8_ErVtDz1Ss/W5E-Le3asJI/AAAAAAAAAT4/0mmqNI_qUYQfi13649ZmBeqdv3K6hnKTgCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-09-06%2Bat%2B7.46.44%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="526" data-original-width="957" height="350" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8_ErVtDz1Ss/W5E-Le3asJI/AAAAAAAAAT4/0mmqNI_qUYQfi13649ZmBeqdv3K6hnKTgCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-09-06%2Bat%2B7.46.44%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://vimeo.com/132584102" target="_blank">Aboriginal War Canoe Race</a> Victoria BC by&nbsp;Bottega Creative</td></tr></tbody></table><br />I will summarize the book ‘<a href="https://www.michaelsharp.org/rocket-scientists-guide-to-money-and-the-economy/" target="_blank">Rocket Scientist Guide to Money and the Economy</a>’ by Michael Sharp, by quoting, “ ... in the end “it's always about the money.” [1]&nbsp; I will use the book ‘<a href="https://www.amazon.ca/Accounting-Genocide-Canadas-Bureaucratic-Aboriginal/dp/1842771884" target="_blank">Accounting for Genocide</a>’, to show how the Federal Government of Canada (and the Partners they fund) use accounting as a tool in the cultural genocide of the Indigenous people of Canada - but through the lens of sport. In the book, Accounting for Genocide by Neu and Therrien it reads “The conquest of the New World - The Americas in general and Canada in particular - could not be perceived by the conquerors as successful without the cultural genocide of the conquered peoples. Aboriginal cultures represented to the European everything “progress” and “civilization “ were trying to leave behind.”. To do this, I will give three examples of Indoctrination. The oxford dictionary says that Indoctrination is “the process of teaching a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically.” [42]&nbsp; These examples and purpose of Indoctrination include:<br /><br /><br /><ul><li><a href="https://www.gvha.ca/" target="_blank">The Greater Victoria Harbour Authority</a> [3]&nbsp;</li><li><a href="http://canoekayak.ca/" target="_blank">CanoeKayak Canada</a> [4]&nbsp;</li><li><a href="http://www.righttoplay.ca/" target="_blank">Right To Play</a> [5]&nbsp;</li></ul><br /><br /><a name='more'></a><br /><br /><b><u>The Greater Victoria Harbour Authority&nbsp;</u></b><br /><b><u><br /></u></b>An easy way to understand Indoctrination is to look at the sport of Canoe and Kayak within Canada. I will use the example of where you have a “<a href="https://www.ubcpress.ca/aboriginal-peoples-and-sport-in-canada" target="_blank">Double Helix</a>” sport system that has a) mainstream/whitestream and a separate b)&nbsp; Indigenous stream participation. [6] Within the sport of Canoe and Kayak, we have war canoe racing in which both streams participate. In the “<a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/banook-club-paddling-war-canoe-sport-bear-mountain-boats-1.4108943" target="_blank">uniquely Canadian</a>” sport of war canoe racing [7], you have two streams of people based on ethnicity that both think war canoe racing is what their culture is based on&nbsp; - looking at photos from 100+ years ago. An example of this can be seen in two videos, 1) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPnXyQbi9fc&amp;t=3s" target="_blank">Bear Mountain War Canoe video</a> [8] where it focuses on mainstream war canoe and 2) a Global TV news segment [9] where it focuses on Indigenous war canoe.<br /><br /><b>1) Bear Mountain War Canoe video</b><br />In the Bear Mountain War Canoe video the mainstream host says “this is our baby, this is Canada’s boat right here, the c-15, we love it, it's something we hold dear to ourselves. In fact if you go to the Carleton Place Canoe Club, which started in 1890, you’ll see some pictures from back then, in the 1900’s and that was their big boat of choice back then”. To which his co-host replies “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPnXyQbi9fc&amp;t=3s" target="_blank">Yep, the war canoe has a long and cherished history in Canada</a>”. [8]<br /><br /><b>2) Global TV News video&nbsp;</b><br />In the Global TV news segment where the indigenous stream is trying to revive the sport of war canoe racing (after an absence of it for the past 100 years) in the inner harbour of Victoria, British Columbia. In this video, the journalist ask the Chief of the Esquimalt First Nations “How important is today? First time in a 100 years?” to which the Chief Andy Tomas says “Yes, it's a pretty historic occasion today for our canoe racing. We use to come here and race together and share a meal. Keep that connection to... , there’s pictures that canoes raced here 100 years ago. The Gorge waterways. ”. [9]<br /><br />In both cases, it appears both streams feel, by looking at photos of their ancestors of 100 years ago, it is good enough to believe that is what&nbsp; their people did in the past&nbsp; and that is what we will do today. That is fine as cultures evolve every day, but what is alarming here is that both streams are not exactly sure how their culture came to be in those photos and what those races represented at the time.&nbsp; Both videos reference the races as factual evidence of their historical significance.&nbsp; Are they not entitled to understand the truth and the context of those photos?&nbsp; Then should they still want to participate, they are doing so with full understanding and choice.&nbsp; However,&nbsp; to let a group&nbsp; of people pretend it is their culture (when it was not) and to continue naively thinking so, is unfair.&nbsp; As a result of not knowing the origins of war canoe racing, Indigenous people today believe that they have revived their culture - post legacy of the Canadian Indian Residential School System. An example of this can be seen in Check TV news segment about the revival of the indigenous war canoe racing in the Inner Harbour,&nbsp; Florence Dick, Songhees First Nation “It's one of the things that we kept alive, realize how important this is” as she cries on TV about it. [10]<br /><br />Both sports proceed without ever questioning the context of the photos they are looking at within the time period they were taken.&nbsp; For example, at the 100 year War Canoe race in the Inner Harbour of Victoria (2015), I had positioned myself with the news camera crews and emulated a reporter to ask questions to the Chief of Esquimalt First Nations. I would get my chance and I asked “When you speak historically of these photos of 100 years ago, 150 years ago, who put on those races?”. Chief Tomas says “I don’t know, I think we’re still putting them on anyways.”.[11] I would further ask him “Do you know what those races represented 100 years ago?” to which he replied “They were just competing races, We are just continuing those races.” [11] His answers speak to a lack of awareness of how his ancestors started war canoe racing in the inner harbour, and the context of the photos we were looking at. The same can be said of the mainstream host of the Bear Mountain video where the photos on the wall at the canoe club symbolized a “prestigious sport”.[8] The reality is: war canoe racing was invented by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy" target="_blank">Royal Navy</a> at that time.[12] It was an activity/sport for the crew whenever they came into port, during colonial times. During Dominion Day[13] celebrations they got the “indians” to race the white man's version of a war canoe for their entertainment. Dominion Day which is now known as Canada Day [14], was a celebration that promoted Colonialism and the white dominance of the Indigenous race. This example speaks to how white people and indigenous people in the sport of war canoe racing are so indoctrinated into their beliefs, that they don’t even question the origins of their sport, nor the ‘intentions or purpose’ at the time when it was developed.<br /><br />The current purpose can be seen when Ian Robertson, Greater Victoria Harbour Authority says in the television spot that “part of our responsibility is to celebrate, to tell the story of the history the First Nations have in the inner harbour of Victoria.”[9] . “We think its got the potential to become another signature event. I think with time and promotion, we could make this another signature event like Swiftsure[15]”&nbsp; With that statement alone, perspectives get muddled.&nbsp; The Indigenous people think they are reconnecting with their culture, while the Harbour Authority feels they are promoting a cultural - tourism event, comparing it to a well known and established sailing race called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiftsure_Yacht_Race" target="_blank">Swiftsure</a>.&nbsp; By assisting the First Nations members reconnect with their culture of war canoe racing, the Dominant Culture can feel they are helping. In fact, they are promoting colonialism and reenacting events that were considered demeaning to the First Nations of that time period. As an interesting anecdote regarding this Indigenous War Canoe Demonstration Race in the inner harbour that day -&nbsp; my “insiders” (who are First Nations Coast Salish people) told me they were being excluded from racing in this historical event. They indicated&nbsp; only certain families, otherwise known as the “Power Families” were invited to participate in the race. I wrote about this phenomena in a previous assignment under ‘<a href="http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2018/07/dual-colonialism-racialized-discourse.html" target="_blank">Dual Colonialism</a>’[16].&nbsp; In this situation, the authorities picked only those they wanted to participate in the race to attend (friends and family members of the ‘power families’), while others in their tribe watched.&nbsp; A select group did not participate in their “culture” that day, this group I often refer to as the “have-nots”. With that insiders knowledge pre-race, I was able to ask the Chief during the television interview process - “How much were teams paid to participate today? ”[11]&nbsp; to which Chief Tomas responds “I have no idea. [11]”. To which I reply “I heard $500 and $20 per paddler to come participate in the dance. Does that sound about right?[11]” to which Chief Tomas says “It could be, Ya, it probably is, I think it's an opportunity for us to be able to pick up and be like everybody else and take something away from here.[11]”. Consider that the Victoria Harbour Authority paid the First Nations to put on the war canoe race and further paid for a promotional advertising video to be <a href="https://vimeo.com/132584102" target="_blank">professionally filmed and edited</a> [17]. You can start to see a pattern that it has little to do with culture and more to do with dollars and Tourism. Consider further : that white people invented the format of “indian” war canoe racing in the inner harbour of Victoria for their Colonial entertainment to celebrate Dominion Day. One has to compare these behaviours and actions to the past of the World Fair days, where the white population had <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_zoo" target="_blank">human zoos</a> [18].&nbsp; They put Indigenous people, from all over the world, including Canada on display for their entertainment once again. In my opinion, the events in current day speak more of&nbsp; “history repeating itself” than they do about cultural revitalization. These events are being engineered by white institutions to propagate their ideologies of what they think and want Indigenous history to be. I refer to this as white people trying to rewrite history to be more palatable today (the master narrative).&nbsp; To gain a clear understanding of this example is to question the above behaviours, by both parties, in a Truth and Reconciliation era [19].<br /><br /><br /><u><b>CanoeKayak Canada&nbsp;</b></u><br /><u><b><br /></b></u>First Nations people 100 years ago thought the white people had their best interest at heart as seen in the war canoe example above. We know today, post <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" target="_blank">Canadian Indian residential school </a>[20], that was not the case. So do white people have the best interest of First Nations now that we are in the TRC era and have grown in 100 years? For another example, we need to look at the Institution of CanoeKayak Canada, incorporated in 1900 (as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Kayak_Canada" target="_blank">Canadian Canoe Association</a>) and its the governing body in the sport of war canoe racing [21].<br /><br />When I lived full time on a west coast First Nation reserve for a period of 18-months (2011-2012), I witnessed first hand, a group of Indigenous people who felt they a) were still being assimilated by the Federal government and b) that the government was still passively participating in cultural genocide. This group has never signed a treaty with the government and live in what is known as ‘<a href="http://www.thirdworldcanada.ca/3rd-world-canada-the-movie/" target="_blank">3rd World Canada</a>’ poverty [22]. Their perspective was unique and real, yet because they were ‘out of sight’, they were also ‘out of mind’. In the book: The Rocket Scientists’ Guide to Money and the Economy, it reads “Poverty is abusive to our potential just as physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual violence are. There is no point in denying this is fact and so there is no point in believing the religious indoctrination designed to get us to view adversity in a positive light. Instead, we should accept the truth and work to fix the problem.”[1]. That is exactly what I and the group I was working with had in mind at the time, the Indigenous community (rez) wanted a&nbsp; competitive canoe and kayak racing program. I was the band Recreation Coordinator at the time with a decade of experience running different sport organizations (board of directors) and also managing teams in competitive sports.&nbsp; Our goal was to get the group to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Indigenous_Games" target="_blank">North American Indigenous Games</a> Canoe Championships [23] . To do this, we would start a canoe club called the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NitinahtLakePaddleClub" target="_blank">Nitinaht Lake Paddle Club</a> [24] . The first time I attended a coaching course sanctioned by the Institution (2012) I was greeted by one of the instructors, a white person wearing a t-shirt with a typical “Indian” head logo on it&nbsp; reading, ‘<a href="http://www.mississaugacanoeclub.ca/" target="_blank">Mississauga Canoe Club</a>’ [25] . At the time, I had no idea this was a predominantly white club in Toronto. I honestly thought it was an First Nations canoe team. The same instructor encouraged the rez kids to take on the sport of mainstream war canoe. In addition the Institution had posters of mainstream war canoe on display on their walls. I was extremely confused, as this all spoke to assimilation of First Nations culture.&nbsp; Within these canoe clubs pictured with their ‘indian names’; their ‘indian logos’, there was actually no ‘indian’ involvement of any kind.&nbsp; I was there to represent a barrier free entry for Indigenous youth to the sport, I don’t think I realized at the time what I was getting involved with.&nbsp; I just saw that this Institution promoted assimilation through sport, which the people I represented were against.<br /><br />In the book the Rocket Scientists’ Guide to Money and the Economy, it reads “Indoctrination is complex, but it basically involves teaching you to think about the world in a way that encourages you to see the System and what it does as a good thing. When you are indoctrinated, even the worst atrocities perpetrated on humanity by the family become acceptable.” [1] .<br /><br />When somebody is indoctrinated into a belief system that benefits the Institution they are unable to use critical insight into the impact on themselves and their community. Because the only information given to them is “we are doing a wonderful job for you”. And because they are so use to paternalism from the dominant culture -&nbsp; it just becomes more of the same.&nbsp; In the book, Accounting for Genocide by Neu and Therrien it reads “As we shall see later, the poetry of Ottawa writer and Indian Department official Duncan Campbell Scott is tinged with the shadowy realms of these hallucinatory perceptions. The question of how to treat the ‘“creatures” was basic to the conquering nations. Was war against them justified? Could they be compelled to serve the King?” [2] .<br /><br />In the sport of Canoe and Kayak, we have a set of beliefs of how things came to be historically, which are never questioned. The institution CanoeKayak Canada&nbsp; is based on colonial ideologies, powers and colonization. Their sport derives from the British Navy of the early 1800 - 1900’s.&nbsp; In 1866, their King became president (known as a Commodore) of the “first canoe club” and “canoe race” in the world, known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Canoe_Club" target="_blank">Royal Canoe Club </a>[26] .&nbsp; In effect, this creates a long history of European/white culture and attitude in what should have been - the Indigenous sport of canoe racing.&nbsp; &nbsp;The organization/sport of Canoe/ Kayak in Canada has historically adapted what was originally a purview of&nbsp; the Indigenous people.&nbsp; It is seen in the examples of Canada demonstrating canoe racing (based on birchbark canoes) in the 1924 Olympics in Paris; or of the mainstream/whitestream canoe clubs in Canada racing “war canoes” when white people never went to a war in a canoe. Mainstream “<a href="https://www.acbs.ca/index.php/31-classicboat-members/68-racing-canoe-and-regattas" target="_blank">war canoe</a>” was named such as a derogatory ‘joke’ that has been forgotten in time [27]. Over the past 100 years, Canada has a long history of canoe clubs in Canada, that a)&nbsp; take “indian” head logos, b) take “indian” words and c) declare “<a href="http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2017/09/the-assimilation-of-indigenous.html" target="_blank">war canoe</a>” as their mainstream sport [28]. Yet, how many First Nations, have these same clubs had in their canoe clubs over the last century?<br /><br />When you consider the history of white canoe clubs in Canada and you compare it to the book the Rocket Scientists’ Guide to Money and the Economy, when it reads “While few (if any) would depict native North Americans as savages today, ideological myths that justify colonial violence are still perpetuated. In particular, the myth that all native tribes were nomadic is still prominent in the American K-12 curriculum. However, it is not true. In fact, many native tribes were settled farmers when the Europeans came to take their land. The problem for the Family is, the reality of settled agriculture is hard to reconcile with colonial pillage of Native lands. The reality is, European colonist came to North America, bumped the Native populations off their land, and built their own towns and farms on this same land.&nbsp; By teaching that natives were nomadic, governments et. al, justified colonial pillage by making it look like the natives didn't really own or properly utilize their land to begin with!. By telling themselves and their children that natives were all nomadic, the white colonizers created a situation where it was not considered: an economic, social and even moral crime not to throw natives on reserves, force march them from their homes, and enclose (steal) their lands for white-man use. Viewing colonial violence as a positive, even moral, thing is the outcome of indoctrination”. [1]<br /><br />When we think of colonialism, we often tie it to land, but sport and water is not to be excluded as it can be colonized and has in the sport of canoe and kayak. The same theory can be applied in sport.&nbsp; We have a documented history of the Mohawks racing birch bark canoes, then we have the founder of the first canoe club - the Royal Canoe Club - come to Canada and view a passing of a birch bark canoe. Then Canada introduces the birch bark canoe adaptation as an Olympic sport at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" target="_blank">1924 Paris games</a> [29] . Essentially taking a piece of property, an ideology tied to a culture, and make it their own. Building on the nomadic experience, the Institution will essentially say we tried for many years to engage the Indigenous population in canoe racing, they never took to it. Whereas, in my research, they did indeed have their own Olympic dreams in the sport.&nbsp; However, participation would have been much greater than that of the mainstream - if given a fair opportunity, and a lifting of the economic barriers to participation.&nbsp; They (the Institutions) do say “now we have equal participation”, - to which I reply, “if you can get there”.<br /><br />During the era Canada demonstrated Canoe Racing to the Olympics, the book the Rocket Scientists’ Guide to Money and the Economy, reads “According to Pewewardy, “Indian children come home in tears - as they have for centuries - when school children or playmates shour: “Savages, Savages” to them. It should be noted here that all the ideological and stereotypical representations of colonized populations are false. Native Americans had a sophisticated culture and were very spiritual in their own way. Nevertheless, when European colonists came and took their land, abused their children, and in some cases murdered them, ideology helped justify the blows. Rape, murder, and theft is made acceptable by portraying the natives as heathen, savage, nomadic, primitives. This is indoctrination. Indoctrination makes us think about the world and the events in it in a way favorable to the Family.”[1]&nbsp; &nbsp;In the’ old’ days we called them savages. Today, the mainstream Institution of CanoeKayak wear indian head logos&nbsp; and race war canoes - as if there is nothing wrong with it. The break down of one's culture, regardless of the era, amounts to cultural genocide and assimilation still to this day. [28]<br /><br />In 2012, the federal government gave the Institution $385,000.00 to run an “<a href="http://canoekayak.ca/projet-daide-au-canotage-aborigene-une-fiere-tradition/" target="_blank">Aboriginal Paddling Initiative</a>” during a time my group and I were active [30].&nbsp; In fact, the institute would not even a) hire a dedicated person to the run the program, b) build a website for the program and c) or produce any marketing materials. It was virtually non-existent.&nbsp; An example of their interest in this ‘initiative’&nbsp; -when I called and emailed the Domestic Director for a year between 2011-2012, to inquire about the Aboriginal Paddling Initiative, they never responded . Despite numerous inquiries there was never a response. I believe they didn't take the indigenous community seriously and had little understanding/knowledge of the barriers these peoples faced.&nbsp; Their attitude appeared to indicate that if we could “be like them, then maybe they would help us.”. Until then, they just kept the money with no accountability. When I filed a Freedom of Information request from the Federal Government on how the Institution used that money, it was redacted [31]. All you could see was the government gave the Institute the money, but then every transaction was blacked out and unable to read.&nbsp; In a Truth and Reconciliation era&nbsp; the Government wishes to appear apologetic and supportive of First Nations reclaiming their culture, heritage and healthy lifestyles. As such, they grant money to white institutions to provide a service. The shortfall is that the government doesn’t appear to care if such services is ever provided - there is no accountability.&nbsp; Since&nbsp; there is no accountability, there is no improvement or growth in program development,&nbsp; which leads to no equality in reality . There are many barriers and the Institutions don't address these barriers to allow the First nations youth to become competitive on an equal basis. They don't have the generations of clubs, equipment,&nbsp; training and financial support in order to get their expert coaching, with which to become equal with established clubs.<br /><br /><br /><u><b>Right to Play&nbsp;</b></u><br /><br />This attitude dates back a century and is still prevalent today, in my research paper called CanoeKayak Canada Mainstream/Whitestream War Canoe -vs- Indigenous War Canoe: A Canadian Social Movement in a Truth and Reconciliation Era (socio288) [32]. I wrote “Like the writer in ‘The End of Homework’ states ““this makes childhood the best time to indoctrinate a population. Children are innocent and naive by nature, and have minimal defenses against the nefarious intent of others.”[33]. Essentially generations of Canadians have grown up believing that mainstream war canoe racing is a) stepping stone to success and b) that its named “<a href="http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2018/08/propaganda-structural-advantage-and.html" target="_blank">war canoe</a>” because it feels like you are in a “war” [34]. Again, there is no academic data suggesting that “war canoe” is a stepping stone to success and white people didn’t go to war in a canoe. Yet, First Nations peoples of Canada did. ”.<br /><br />One of those indoctrinated children is now an adult, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_van_Koeverden" target="_blank">Adam van Koeverden</a>, an Olympic gold medal winner in the sport of canoe and kayak [35] . He has represented Canada via the Institution CanoeKayak Canada. When one reads Adam van Koeverden in the Peterborough Examiner article “<a href="https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news-story/8677179-olympic-champion-helps-launch-canoe-kayak-club/" target="_blank">Olympic champion helps launch Canoe-Kayak Club</a>”[36]&nbsp; &nbsp;he states “"It's important to recognize a canoe club will always give back more to a community than it will take away.”[36]&nbsp; &nbsp;Adam’s comments speak to the Institution’s ability to continue to accumulate assets that those in power can control. The more assets you have, the more power you have, furthering the belief that “they are doing good”. The Indoctrination process supported through promotional news stories&nbsp; solidifies their belief in ‘how special they are’&nbsp; “ Look at all the good work we do, you should donate money to us.”&nbsp; I was first introduced to the Right to Play organization, when Olympic gold medal paddler Adam van Koeverden launched “<a href="https://secure.e2rm.com/registrant/donate.aspx?eventid=206031&amp;langpref=en-CA&amp;Referrer=direct%2fnone" target="_blank">JOIN ME IN CREATING CHANGE</a>” by “Promoting Life-skills in Aboriginal Youth.”[37]&nbsp; movement for the Aboriginal kids of Canada via the Right to Play Canada organization (2016) with a goal to “raise $100,000.00 in a weekend”. CBC News would write an article “<a href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/adam-van-koeverden-rio-1.3734613" target="_blank">Adam van Koeverden steps up with hefty donation to Right To Play</a> ” [38].<br /><br />In 2018, the Institute of ‘Right to Play’ was vying for funding from the federal government to deliver Indigenous youth programs to those living on Reserves across Canada. A modern day example in a Truth and Reconciliation era, can be seen in the tweet by&nbsp; Sport Canada’s Minister <a href="https://twitter.com/kirstyduncanmp" target="_blank">Kirsty Duncan</a> ;(who is caucasian) when she announced an investment of $47.5 million into the organization Right to Play, over five years and an additional $9.5 million per year ongoing for sport in Indigenous communities. Minister Duncan also states on her Twitter,&nbsp; "with the model developed by Right to Play, nearly 90% of participants have a more positive attitude toward school &amp; greater sense of identity. This initiative is a proven tool, that is based in communities &amp; directly focused to support Indigenous youth." [39] .<br /><br />&nbsp;My experiences, of living full time on a remote west coast, First Nation reserve, shows the Canada’s Aboriginal “Right to Play” and previous initiatives often minimized the competitive aspects of sport and provided a ‘recreational only’ opportunity instead - that instill white values on the “rez”. First Nations youth and adults have grown tired of this approach and are seeking a more professional experience and training, rather than programs such as Right to Play.&nbsp; &nbsp;For a mainstream&nbsp; (read:white stream) organization to come into an Indigenous stream of sport to provide tools comes with challenges. The First Nations people of Canada were the only ethnic group who were put into “Indian” residential schools and beaten for practising their language and culture. Therefore it does not mirror other “Indigenous” groups outside of Canada that the Right to Play organizations have supported in various parts of the world previously in an effort to create their “proven tool”. Further, there is no science that the Right to Play is a “proven tool” [39] . When you consider the unique situation of having a “third” world Canada living within a developed Nation also poses particular challenges for the ‘Right to Play’ organization.&nbsp; Canada is the only country in this situation.<br /><br />In Darnell’s paper, “Playing with Race: Right to Play and the Production of Whiteness in 'Development through Sport'” - he writes “It is necessary to examine development through sport through its connectedness to historical and contemporary colonialism, not only to problematize any ahistorical and apolitical self-presentation of the development through sport project, but also to account for the discursive framework of racialized knowledge that the development through sport project provides.” [40].<br /><br />As a result, I am suggesting white people are so indoctrinated in their beliefs, they don’t even realize it and that is when the assimilation process is complete. In the book, ‘Accounting for Genocide’ by Neu and Therrien it reads “The Indigenous peoples of the early days of occupation were, to the occupiers, conceptual Indians - demons and beasts - not real people at all. But it’s demonization was and is not limited to aborigines. Throughout history both Jews and Indians have been presented as frightening: the wild and savage Indian, the wandering stateless Jew.” [2]. Today we treat them as if we need to save them, from the very treatment whites instituted in the first place.<br /><br />In Darnell’s paper, “Playing with Race: Right to Play and the Production of Whiteness in 'Development through Sport'” - he writes “Subjects of Benevolence and Gratitude as discussed above, Said [63] drew attention to the ability of the authoritative voice to represent the Other in cultural terms, based on the perception of the Others’ inability to do so for themselves. Thus, there is a temptation in a paper such as this to create an authentic or neutral platform from which the subaltern’s true voice can be heard. [64] However, post-colonial studies have recognized the problematic tendency to grant scholarly ‘permission’ for the subaltern to speak from what amounts to a position that is no less subjugated.” [40].<br /><br />When Minister Duncan tweets “with the model developed by Right to Play, nearly 90% of participants have a more positive attitude toward school &amp; greater sense of identity”[39] it is important to note that we are technically talking about a white organization, with an all white Board of Directors using white Olympians coming in to provide a “greater sense of identity” to “indigenous sport leaders” who will then spread the ideologies to the “tribe”.&nbsp; Considering the Federal government took away the identity of the Indigenous peoples of Canada through cultural genocide, one has to wonder what is going on here? Adam van Koeverden writes “I've visited programs all over Africa with Right To Play and I'm inspired by what I've seen. I'm further heartened to know that we are working domestically with a similar goal in mind — to improve the lives of children through the power and impact of sport and play in our indigenous communities here in Canada.” [38].<br /><br />Olympian Adam van Koeverden believes he is “creating change”, which will “improve the lives of children [Indigenous]” [37]. It is clear that Adam van Koeverden is believing everything he is told or sees via the Right to Play, or does it have more to do with brand recognition and resume’ building for the Olympian? Otherwise why not sponsor CanoeKayak Canada’s “Aboriginal Paddling Initiative” as he's an Olympian within that sport. What drew this Olympian to the organization Right to Play is more than likely the same reasons the Federal government has chosen to fund this initiative. It provides an image that they are the do gooders, which they can turn around and sell to get more money.<br /><br /><b>1st World Meets 3rd World</b><br /><b><br /></b>In the book, Accounting for Genocide by Neu and Therrien it reads “‘Statelessness’ is a bureaucratic definition; the problem of what to do with a stateless people is a problem of modern governance, and consequently, the ‘solution’ is primarily a bureaucratic one, whether it lies in the direct extermination of individuals or in the slow procedural elimination of their life-support systems or with their total cultural assimilation (Hildberg 1985). Thus, the problem of the stateless (read ‘wandering’) Jew is linked thematically and historically to the problem of how to adapt the Indigenous person (read ‘backward savage’ to ‘civilization’”[2].<br /><br />In the Academic paper by Routledge Taylor and Francis group, written by Simon C. Darnell called “Playing with Race: Right to Play and the Production of Whiteness in 'Development through Sport'” - “‘Development through sport’ organizations use sport, physical activity and play as tools to facilitate social improvement in nations and communities targeted for development. In many cases, these organizations facilitate encounters between sport administrators, volunteers and athletes from North America and Europe with individuals and communities from Africa, South Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. In this sense, the international ‘development through sport’ project [2] – a term used in this essay to describe the movement supporting the use of sport and play as tools to improve the lives of people in ‘developing’ communities“ [40].<br /><br />Essentially what the Right to Play represents is Power and Class over a ethnic group of people. When the federal government gives millions of taxpayers dollars to deliver indigenous youth programs from a European perspective, it continues to empower a class of people to be in the dominant position. This treats the Indigenous communities as paternalistic with racial traits. In Darnell paper, - he writes “ Right to Play operates within two overlapping, yet distinct discursive frameworks: that of sport and play as universal and integrative social practices, [3] and that of international development as the benevolent deliverance of aid, goods and expertise from the northern, ‘First World’ to the southern, ‘Third World’.”[40].&nbsp; Right to Play in Canada has the unique challenge of operating within a ‘First World’ Canada which the Federal Government created through various policies and what the United Nations has termed the living conditions of Indigenous people within our boundaries as ‘Third World’.<br /><br />Right to Play is filled with powerful people who can help deliver the narrative of success that they want you to hear.&nbsp; In Darnell’s paper, - he writes “As of 2007, Right to Play is headquartered in Toronto, Canada, with subsidiary offices in New York and five European countries. The organization has built its reputation partly through endorsements from a host of high profile international athletes, both amateur and professional”[40]. When one considers the federal government can now use this vehicle of&nbsp; “change” to push their narrative of assimilation. They can do this through the large amount of funding which allows the organization to engineer any image they want, using whichever Indigenous people they can recruit. Again, a mainstream/whitestream narrative drowning out the message of the Indigenous stream that is trying to reconnect with their culture in a Truth and Reconciliation era.&nbsp; In Darnell’s paper, - he writes “Such understandings contribute towards the construction of a de-politicized, de-historicized ‘native’ who is seemingly grateful for material means that provide respite from his/her marginalization. The language of gratitude is offered as evidence of the success of volunteer efforts and serves to reconfirm the benevolence of development and the universalism of sport. The White subject position is constructed (both produced and constrained) as generous and benevolent and in opposition to racial Others, recognized as those who are grateful.”[40].<br /><br /><b><u>Conclusion</u></b><br /><br />In my conclusion, I agree with Michael Sharp, author of Rocket Scientist Guide to Money and the Economy when he says - “it’s always about the money”[1] and I believe at the end of the day, this has little do with actually delivering sports programs to indigenous youth. In the book, Accounting for Genocide by Neu and Therrien it reads “The end [of genocide] itself is a grand vision of a better, and radically different society. Modern genocide is an element of social engineering, meant to bring out a social order conforming to the design of the perfect society (Bauman 1989:91)” [1].<br /><br /><b>Greater Victoria Harbour Authority</b><br /><b><br /></b>The “<a href="https://www.gvha.ca/first-nations-partnerships/first-nations-harbour/war-canoe-racing" target="_blank">Greater Victoria Harbour Authority</a> is committed to supporting the cultural tradition of war canoe racing by helping to sponsor Island-based teams.”[41]&nbsp; yet, the Inner Harbour war canoe races never continues as suggested by the Institutions three years later. I suspect, as there were under 100 people that showed up,&nbsp; the Victoria Inner Harbour could not make money with Tourism Victoria. It was a tourism promotional event as opposed to a cultural revitalization.&nbsp; In a cultural revitalization they would have continued year after year as more First Nations entered the program. In reality, that event did not continue year after year as was the intent, when launched.<br /><br /><b>CanoeKayak Canada</b><br /><br />In the CanoeKayak Canada press release “Aboriginal Paddling Initiative Supports a Proud Tradition” it reads - “Respecting local culture and traditions is one reason the Initiative is working in British Columbia. Some lower mainland and Island communities race in war canoes that are sleek and elegant dugouts carved by the paddlers themselves and ranging from singles to 11-man in size. (They are not the eastern Peterborough-type cedar strip war canoes.) Seeing the dugouts in action convinced Abbott that “we can’t be shoving the kayak at them. We don’t want to replace their tradition and culture; we want to supplement, not take away. Theirs is another stream of paddling and it provides the kids with another opportunity.” [30] .<br /><br />Basically they are saying we don't want to teach them kayak and replace their culture of indian war canoe, (but please don't get confused with our Peterborough, otherwise known as mainstream war canoes.) This speaks so much to their ignorance and indoctrination because one is implying the Kayak is not Indigenous, which it is, yet the indian war canoe is not.&nbsp; Abbott says, do your culture which is not your culture, but rather one we invented and we will actually do your culture of kayak. This is&nbsp; a mess. Originally when I read it I thought from a legal perspective it was more “we are not going to push kayak” [30] because we a) dont want them in our sport and b) we don't want to commit. Also consider the ignorance here that Abbott is suggesting that if they race kayaks, they will lose their war canoe culture. Yet in the press release, they don’t use a picture of the war canoe, they use a picture of the kayak.<br /><br />In the same press release “Edwards convinced Sport Canada’s Sport Participation Development Program to provide $385,000 over four years to launch the Initiative.”[30]&nbsp; This was an initiative to introduce kayak for the North American Indigenous Games (NAIG).&nbsp; This is a sport the athletes compete in, yet war canoe is not a sport in the NAIG canoe championships. When you consider the facts that the Institution had a) no dedicated staff for the initiative, b) didn’t have a website, c) didn't have any educational material on the initiative and d) that while I was starting an Indigenous paddling club, they would not return one communication request inquiring about the program. When combined with Abbott's comments about how they don't want to focus on kayak (which is an Indigenous invention and the youth were thrilled about), they will support war canoe racing, because that’s their (indigenous stream) culture, when in fact it's not.&nbsp; This attitude is connected to the Institutions’ long history of colonization and assimilation of the Indigenous peoples of Canada.<br /><br /><b>Right to Play</b><br /><br />For example, the Olympian’s (Adam van Koeverden) plea to help the Indigenous youth is all about raising $100,000.00. Yet two years later, the money has not been raised and has the Olympian van Koeverden has&nbsp; visited any First Nations reserves to deliver the Right to Play program?.&nbsp; It appears the only way to “bring change” is for the whites in sport development to take a critical look at their actions at large. Where is there an indigenous team that has the capabilities of competing on the world stage as our ‘dominant’ culture does?&nbsp; How many of these Right to Play participants actually gain the skills and expertise to compete nationally, internationally or is it just a repeat of a ‘feel good’ program that promises much and delivers little.&nbsp; What and where is the accountability for providing competitive sport programs?&nbsp; Or do we just repeat the mantra: “they are just not good enough no matter what we do” as seen in the annals of the NAIG competitions.&nbsp; These competitions are touted as ‘stepping stones to the Olympics’.....but actually lead nowhere.&nbsp; In Darnell’s paper,&nbsp; &nbsp;- he writes “It is within and against this history of race and colonialism that contemporary development interventions, such as those of Right to Play, take place. Recently, development scholars have employed post-colonial theoretical frameworks to investigate the (re)production of race within contemporary development practices, and their findings align with the ‘evolutionary’ racism described by Goldberg. For example, the unequal distribution of resources characteristic of the development context often discursively aligns with the passivity or inferior capabilities of racial Others, and/or the (re)discovery of wealth and privilege as a defining characteristic of Whiteness.”[40]. In the book the Rocket Scientists’ Guide to Money and the Economy, it reads “I’ll simply conclude by saying that indoctrination is a powerful mechanism of prolonging accumulation that works by negating the people’s suffering and turning it into a good thing” [1]. Accumulation can be seen in the powerful Right to Play - by not only getting the money from the Federal government, - but by employing Olympians to go out and plea for more of it, making the case that they will “create change”.<br /><br />I believe the dominant culture, the ‘white’ people can be so indoctrinated into their beliefs, they don’t even realize how racist or colonial they look. There is no critical thinking allowed, just blindly follow what is being said by those in power and until they can self reflect, there will be no change happening. Just more of the same old, same old.<br /><br /><u><b>References</b></u><br /><br />[1] Rocket Scientist Guide to Money and the Economy - Michael Sharp<br />[2] Accounting for Genocide - Neu and Therrien<br />[3] Greater Victoria Harbour Authority - https://www.gvha.ca/<br />[4] CanoeKayak Canada - http://canoekayak.ca/<br />[5] Right To Play - http://www.righttoplay.ca/Pages/default.aspx<br />[6] Aboriginal Peoples and Sport in Canada - Janice Forsyth and Audrey R. Giles - https://www.ubcpress.ca/aboriginal-peoples-and-sport-in-canada<br />[7] CBC News - New $25K war canoe gives Banook paddlers edge in 'very Canadian' sport - Nina Corfu - https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/banook-club-paddling-war-canoe-sport-bear-mountain-boats-1.4108943<br />[8] Bear Mountain War Canoe video -<br />[9] Global TV news segment -<br />[10] Check TV news segment -<br />[11] Chief Tomas Interview -<br />[12] Royal Navy - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy<br />[13] Dominion Day - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Day<br />[14] Victoria Day - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Day<br />[15] Swiftsure International Yacht Race - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiftsure_Yacht_Race<br />[16] Dual Colonialism: Racialized Discourse, Prejudice and Discrimination - http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2018/07/dual-colonialism-racialized-discourse.html<br />[17] Aboriginal War Canoe Race Victoria BC - https://vimeo.com/132584102<br />[18] Human Zoo - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_zoo<br />[19] Truth and Reconciliation Era - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(Canada)<br />[20] Canadian Indian residential school system - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system<br />[21] Canadian Canoe Association - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Kayak_Canada<br />[22] 3rd World Canada - http://www.thirdworldcanada.ca/3rd-world-canada-the-movie/<br />[23] North American Indigenous Games - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Indigenous_Games<br />[24] Nitinaht Lake Paddle Club - https://www.facebook.com/NitinahtLakePaddleClub<br />[25] Mississauga Canoe Club - http://www.mississaugacanoeclub.ca/<br />[26] Royal Canoe Club - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Canoe_Club<br />[27] Racing Canoe and Regattas Ron Riddell - https://www.acbs.ca/index.php/31-classicboat-members/68-racing-canoe-and-regattas<br />[28] The Assimilation of Indigenous Canoe/Kayak, within the past 150 years, in the Maritimes. - http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2017/09/the-assimilation-of-indigenous.html<br />[29] 1924 Paris games - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics<br />[30] CanoeKayak Canada supports proud tradition - http://canoekayak.ca/projet-daide-au-canotage-aborigene-une-fiere-tradition/<br />[31] Freedom of Information request from the Federal Government<br />[32] CanoeKayak Canada Mainstream/Whitestream War Canoe -vs- Indigenous War Canoe: A Canadian Social Movement in a Truth and Reconciliation Era<br />[33] The End of Homework<br />[34] When CanoeKayak Canada uses Propaganda, Structural Advantage and Manufactured Compliance to its Benefit - http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2018/08/propaganda-structural-advantage-and.html<br />[35] Adam van Koeverden - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_van_Koeverden<br />[36] Olympic champion helps launch Canoe-Kayak Club - The Peterborough Examiner - https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news-story/8677179-olympic-champion-helps-launch-canoe-kayak-club/<br />[37] Adam van Koeverden Join me in creating change - https://secure.e2rm.com/registrant/donate.aspx?eventid=206031&amp;langpref=en-CA&amp;Referrer=direct%2fnone<br />[38] CBC News - Adam van Koeverden steps up with hefty donation to Right To Play - http://www.cbc.ca/sports/adam-van-koeverden-rio-1.3734613<br />[39] Sport Canada’s Minister Kirsty Duncan Twitter - https://twitter.com/kirstyduncanmp<br />[40]&nbsp; Routledge Taylor and Francis group -&nbsp; Simon C. Darnell - Playing with Race: Right to Play and the Production of Whiteness in 'Development through Sport<br />[41] War Canoe Racing - https://www.gvha.ca/first-nations-partnerships/first-nations-harbour/war-canoe-racing<br />[42] oxford dictionary - https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/<br /><br /><br /><br />War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-55406224502876909962018-08-18T09:54:00.001-07:002018-10-31T19:20:25.785-07:00War Canoe Talking CircleSeptember 2013<br /><br />Video 1 -&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/bmwgr2HB8vA" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/bmwgr2HB8vA</a><br /><br />"FN war canoe racing as I recall has been going on the Island for 20 plus years especially in Ladysmith, some First Nations athletes have tried it, but the cultures are different, and they seem not to stay, or the cost of travelling to compete impacts their participation, because Bands do not invest in their youth as the white person does." - A Past President of CanoeKayak B.C. September 13, 2013."<br /><br />Video 2 -&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/ixF9JWF-NJc" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/ixF9JWF-NJc</a><br /><br />"I would also check back in History of the Mic Mac Club in Nova Scotia, it's history is of the Mic Mac First Nations and may have some connections".<br /><br />Video 3 -&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/gBWFWvRU5lE" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/gBWFWvRU5lE</a><br /><br />"I just do not get all the slamming of the system."<br /><br />Video 4 -&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/CrXJebnyr-M" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/CrXJebnyr-M</a><br /><br />"I am sorry, But I do not agree with your argument on this. Because the boat is not their boat or their form of paddling, and therefore in my view can be called anything they want."<br /><br />Video 5 -&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/Ctsh3ySotQ0" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/Ctsh3ySotQ0</a><br /><br />"Is it the fault of the CCA or of government as to why the FN schools were established, what effect or impact did CCA have on or of the FN"<br /><br />Video 6 -&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/JCobt7xvhq0" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/JCobt7xvhq0</a><br /><br />"The Canadian Canoe Association has been racing these boats 100 years plus or minus, and again they are not the same boat only the event has the same name."<br /><br /><br />Video 7 -&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/RgImCsPQF1Q" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/RgImCsPQF1Q</a><br /><br />"The history speaks for itself, The government keep making errors especially with First Nations issues. But for your paddlers to make it to the Olympics they will have to through the CCA structure. Because they will always want the one on one race off for the rigth to compete, unless you are a canoe paddler and then the side of the boat you paddle will be considered"<br /><br />Video 8 -&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/QgHPMViWUoY" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/QgHPMViWUoY</a><br /><br />"Which FN's are pissed about it"<br /><br /><br />War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-8778394306383476042018-08-15T19:31:00.000-07:002018-10-31T19:47:33.828-07:00When CanoeKayak Canada uses Propaganda, Structural Advantage and Manufactured Compliance to its Benefit <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_S-2pmenKiw/W3ThvdXIMzI/AAAAAAAAASA/syUQIHl1gBYdwkxFEHByrhukAKFPpVqHwCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-08-10%2Bat%2B9.55.22%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="779" data-original-width="1186" height="420" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_S-2pmenKiw/W3ThvdXIMzI/AAAAAAAAASA/syUQIHl1gBYdwkxFEHByrhukAKFPpVqHwCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-08-10%2Bat%2B9.55.22%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Edwards, Former Domestic Director of CanoeKayak Canada using my photo in his presentation of the institutions "Aboriginal Paddling Initiative". Yet, I had never spoken to Edwards despite many attempts on my part and CanoeKayak Canada never contributed to the program I had developed at the time (2012).&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;open sans&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , &quot;arial&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;open sans&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , &quot;arial&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><b>What is “propaganda”? Why is it significant to a study of social movements?</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;open sans&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , &quot;arial&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span><br /><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Propaganda is generated often by Public Relations (PR) firms, government and corporations. It serves to spread information that is often biased and one sided. Today the word “propaganda” has been replaced with “spin”. In the book a Century of Spin by David Miller and William Dinan they write that “Edward Bernays, one of the founders of ‘public relations’ put it” ‘propaganda got to be a bad word because of the Germans… using it [in 1914-1918]. So what I did was to try to find some other words.”. Miller and Dinan “think that propaganda is a better term than spin or public relations because it also implies the unity of communication and action. &nbsp;</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">I have personally experienced propaganda when I was preparing a group of First Nations youth to attend the 2014 North American Indigenous Games Canoe Championships. At the time, like many others we had a blog and social media account documenting our processes and attempts to qualify for the games. What started off naively turned into a reality of “spin” we were not prepared for. The governing institute for the Olympic sport of Canoe and Kayak in Canada is CanoeKayak Canada. According to affidavits from my Human Rights Tribunal hearing, the institute Domestic Director of CanoeKayak Canada would send an email to its partner organizations CanoeKayak BC which is the provincial extension of its organization. In addition, they would also include The Indigenous Sport, Physical Activity &amp; Recreation Council (ISPARC) and the President of the North American Indigenous Games in their emails.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">In that email dated December 2, 2013, the Domestic Director writes “Hi Guys, We should further discuss what we are doing collectively to address Mr. Anson’s messaging. I think a joint response is worth discussing. Let me know your thoughts”. On July 15, 2014 that “joint response” would come in the form of a press release professionally written by a well known Canadian author in sport. “<a href="http://canoekayak.ca/projet-daide-au-canotage-aborigene-une-fiere-tradition/" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Aboriginal Paddling Initiative Supports a Proud Tradition</a>”. The article writes about each province and a span of more than a decade to claim how successful they are. The article is full of inaccuracies in terms of facts, ideological at best with no supporting evidence and one sided as it didn’t address any of my concerns. What it was, was an attempt to rewrite history.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /><a name='more'></a><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><b style="background-color: white;">What is “structural advantage”? Why is it significant? [See especially page&nbsp;6 of the Miller and Dinan textbook.]&nbsp;</b></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #e4f1fa;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">When you consider the Institutions ability to have professional writers and television segments to promote their ideology unquestioned. It speaks to Miller and Dinan when they write that structural advantage is “one cannot fail to notice that big business, the transnational corporations, have a structural advantage in terms of political activism under the conditions of liberal democracy. They have the resources, interest and opportunities to engage in politics and governance.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">In a video of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQLXUNmf9FU" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">2013 Canada Summer Games</a>&nbsp;television news segment about “mainstream” war canoe racing, CanoeKayak Canada, Domestic Director says “When you talk about history, you got to think of &nbsp;fur traders, getting the furs to Montreal first, you get the good prices. This is a long legacy in country, there isn't a more Canadian boat than this boat”. He is referring to the mainstream “war canoe”. The institution often ties their history of “war canoe” racing with the fur traders of Canada.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">An example of structural advantage by the institution CanoeKayak Canada can see in their press release. When&nbsp;Sheila Robertson wrote "<a href="http://canoekayak.ca/projet-daide-au-canotage-aborigene-une-fiere-tradition/" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Aboriginal Paddling Initiative Supports a Proud Tradition</a>' for the institution of CanoeKayak Canada. She writes “Canoe “contests’ involving Aboriginal People and fur traders represent the earliest beginnings of canoe racing. The modern sport evolved in waterfront communities in close proximity to native settlements, in particular the areas around Peterborough, Ont., Montreal, Halifax, and Victoria.”.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Robertson doesn’t reference how she came across “Aboriginal People and fur traders” raced canoes against each other. However, it may have come in the form of spin from Colin D. Howell, author of Blood, Sweat and Cheers: Canoes, Boats and Aquatic Sports (page 21) where he writes “The nation's harbours, lakes, rivers, and beaches provided a venue for all manner of sporting and recreational activities. Boating, sailing, paddling, rowing, swimming, skating, and curling all had preindustrial origins. While originally undertaken as individual and spontaneous reactions, these activities eventually became more organized and competitive. Even without documentary evidence, one can readily imagine Native people racing each other in canoes or on snowshoes, and races between fur traders as they pushed into the hinterland.”</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">I do not believe Fur Traders and First Nations people were racing canoes against each other during the fur trade era. When you consider there is no evidence to suggest that and yet the Institutions still keep propagating that ideology, it becomes more folklore than historical. As Howell already states “even without evidence” and Robertson evolves the ideology into fact by saying “Aboriginal People and fur traders” raced canoes against each other. Neglecting the fact there is no evidence and that is “spin” and even if they did race and there was evidence, the Institution of CanoeKayak Canada which represented the ruling “class” of the times (1900) direct lineage is of the Royal Navy, not of Canadian heritage between the Metis people and First Nations of the day.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><b style="background-color: white;">What does it mean to “manufacture compliance”? Is consent a necessary feature of compliance? Why or why not?</b></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #e4f1fa;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">To manufacture compliance is to engineer consent. For example, in my personal experience, &nbsp;the Institution of CanoeKayak Canada and its partners decided to jointly respond to my public criticisms of how we were being treated at the time. We can see in the email between the Institutions on how they planned to jointly respond to my public comments. &nbsp;The press release “<a href="http://canoekayak.ca/projet-daide-au-canotage-aborigene-une-fiere-tradition/" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Aboriginal Paddling Initiative Supports a Proud Tradition</a>” &nbsp;does capture their intent to undermine my own morale. It does this by rewriting history to not include my group in their success. It was as if we never existed in the first place. Miller and Dinan write that the key to manufacturing compliance “is to ensure public and political compliance. It is not that the public or decision makers actively agree and support the policy ideas promulgated by business lobbies and corporations. What is critical is that they do not actively and aggressively oppose them.”</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Prior to the above emails/press releases from the Institutions, I sat on the Aboriginal BC Provincial Canoe Committee (2012-2013) which was tasked with the development of the system leading up to the 2014 North American Indigenous Games. I would witness the non-indigenous institute of CanoeKayak BC make decisions and set “the rules” in regards to the Canoe Championships leading up to the games. The indigenous institute of iSparc would never oppose any of these ideas or suggestions. That can be seen, in a set of emails from my affidavits, in my Human Rights Tribunal Hearing against these two institutions.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Essentially white people are making the rules for indigenous people to participate and qualify for the North American Indigenous Games. These are actually white competitions in sport and not actually indigenous sports. The process leading up to the games was verbatimly a copy of the whitestream of sport. There were no adaptations or cultural protocols such as one would believe would be associated with such an event. On June 12, 2013 I attended a board meeting for the canoe committee and voiced my concerns about the Institution of CanoeKayak BC. It essentially amounted to CanoeKayak BC &nbsp;“setting up so many conditions for the rest of BC as to make it impossible to qualify”. In addition, leading up to the games, the Institutions wanted to call it the Team BC “Training Squad”, which is what they call the whitestream participants. When I suggested, in an email, to the board “I found the approach at that meeting insensitive when the question was never asked to the First Nations on the committee, what the team would like to be called”. I would support my email with a Ditidaht First Nation elder and Canadian Indian Residential School Survivor, Charlie Thompson’s comments:</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">“Oh man! I think it is better to pick something that catches the interest of the youth. Let it be their Vision/Dream. I really believe in “Owning” whatever we decide &nbsp;we are going to do. Asking people what, where, when &amp; why we want to do this. A prime example is the whole issue of the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement. The process from day one did NOT belong to us Survivors, because the ‘powers that be’ did NOT ask all of us which would not have been difficult. We were not in a hurry to get to a point of settlement, so, time for us would have been key because we all would have had input. So, bottom line for me, ask the youth ”.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">When I followed up to the email, the Director of Sport for iSparc would write the board “The label of ‘training squad” and concerns with it were raised and our last call and it was agreed we would need to think more about this label.”</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">We now know via the affidavits from the Human Rights Tribunal that the Director of Sport for iSparc would email the Executive Director of CanoeKayak BC and dismiss my concerns. Instead telling them they had their full support and did not agree with me, to which the CanoeKayak BC responded “who’s Charlie Thompson anyways?” and iSparc dismisses the elder as “another one of Jason’s supporters”. I would be quietly removed from the board with no notice and never invited to meetings again as a result of criticizing the institutions. To this day, the team is still called the “Training Squad”.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><b style="background-color: white;">Do you think corporate PR is compatible with functioning democratic societies? Why or why not? [Be sure to read Chapter 11 in the unit textbook.]&nbsp;</b></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #e4f1fa;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">In the Miller and Dinnan Book - A Century of Spin, it reads - “We have also tried to show that communication itself can be coercive, as in the case of deception, misinformation and strategic use of information - techniques all well developed by the PR Industry.”..</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">An example can be seen when&nbsp;Robertson wrote "<a href="http://canoekayak.ca/projet-daide-au-canotage-aborigene-une-fiere-tradition/" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Aboriginal Paddling Initiative Supports a Proud Tradition</a>' for the institution of CanoeKayak Canada. The press release sub title reads “With the North American Indigenous Games taking place July 20 – 27 in Regina, CanoeKayak Canada is pleased to present this article written by Sheila Robertson about the Aboriginal Paddling Initiative”. In that article, Robertson writes &nbsp;“Alberta CanoeKayak sent program coordinator Alan Ross to northern Alberta to promote the sport and the 2013 Alberta Indigenous Games, which featured canoekayak as a core sport. His visit took him to many aboriginal communities, including Cold Lake, Slave Lake, High Prairie, Grouard, Joussard, Sucker Creek, Swan River First Nation, Drift Pile First Nation, Wabasca, and Big Stone Cree Nation. He connected with several hundred aboriginals and fostered a strong interest in canoekayak.” By all accounts, one would think that the Institution with all its Provincial partners were a success when it comes to their Indigenous paddling initiative. Yet, the reality is Ross, the province of Alberta or Team Alberta would not even send a team of paddlers to the championships. Not one indigenous person from the province of Alberta raced in the 2014 NAIG Canoe Championships, which can be confirmed by the&nbsp;<a href="https://naig2014.gems.pro/Result/ShowTeam_List.aspx?SiteMapTreeExpanded=eea0c954-2bb1-4584-8192-2e4c54bf9e56&amp;SetLanguage=en-CA" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">2014 NAIG results</a>&nbsp;despites Ross’ many attempts of “success”.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Miller and Dinnan further state: “Coercion is much more debilitating than persuasion or even influence. Persuasion is a simple attempt to steer someone’s thinking by using logic. Influence is the act of applying readily discernible pressure; I want you to do this; I have power over you, so do it. Coercion seeks to stymie our rational processes in order to make us act against - or, at the very least, without - our better judgement. Once immersed in a coercive system, we act without conscious control.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Essentially in the early days, all I was saying was the Institution CanoeKayak Canada didn't even have a Aboriginal Paddling Initiative that was seen on the ground- at the grassroots level. In fact, their ideology of an Aboriginal Paddling Initiative was more of a cultural tour on the mainstreams part. Ie. Where white people visit First Nation communities and tell their friends ” look how cultural I am.” &nbsp;The white people have never embraced the First Nations (rez) into their competitive mainstream of canoe/kayak. I felt it was patronizing and of little consequence in facilitating a competitive sport amongst aboriginal youth.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Miller and Dinnan also state, “On the contrary, democracy brings more threats to the powerful and thus they invest more in techniques for managing it.” &nbsp;‘Leys writes that it not necessary for an ideology to be ‘loved’ to be hegemonic. It is ‘merely necessary that it have no serious rival’. This seems to us correct. But we would go further, asserting that it is not necessary for the ideology even to be respected for it to be able ‘rule’. What we have attempted to show throughout this book is that power can be organized in a formally democratic system which can bypass popular opinion. Leadership in this context refers not to leadership of the popular classes but leadership of the elite. Hegemony in other words may simply refer to the possibilities of ruling class unity.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">The reality is the Indigenous athletes in Canada out number the mainstream athletes who race canoes and kayaks. The ruling class demographically would be outnumbered if there was a true inclusive approach. The whites, essentially cannot lose their grip on the power of putting their interests first, over those of &nbsp;the indigenous stream.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div>War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-70998884268315377952018-08-07T09:16:00.001-07:002018-10-31T19:36:31.842-07:00Ideology and Indoctrination of CanoeKayak Canada: Is mainstream "war canoe" racing a stepping stone to success?’<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AM0DZuVQ_w8/W2nFlgoeeRI/AAAAAAAAARo/XL_-DlU0tNMMPHaAKIZy3at9T918uHw3gCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-08-07%2Bat%2B9.14.52%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="856" height="267" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AM0DZuVQ_w8/W2nFlgoeeRI/AAAAAAAAARo/XL_-DlU0tNMMPHaAKIZy3at9T918uHw3gCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-08-07%2Bat%2B9.14.52%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CanoeKayak Canada Mainstream "War Canoe" Racing</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b>Distinguish between ideology and indoctrination. How are they related? What key aspects of ideology were highlighted in this discussion? Do a little Internet research and provide your own definition of ideology. What features of our thinking process would signal that we have incorporated ideology into our mental processes?</b><br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">What key aspects of ideology were highlighted in this discussion?</strong></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">After reading The End of Homework, the highlighted ideologies in this discussion included the following key aspects:</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">- The “taken-for-granted” quality of homework</strong>&nbsp;- Society sees homework as important, therefore never questions if it is actually a good thing or not. As the writer points out, “the taken-for-granted” ideology is “considered to be natural and self-evident truths”.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">- Set of Ideas</strong><strong style="font-style: inherit;">&nbsp;-</strong>&nbsp;Ideology is a “set of ideas” “that directs our expectations, goals and actions”.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">However, the simple equation of “taken-for-granted” ideas that directs our expectations, goals and actions” is not enough to qualify it as an Ideology. The writer points out: “ideologies&nbsp;only become ideological when they are no longer open to question.”</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">Distinguish between ideology and indoctrination.</strong></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">If Ideology is a “set of ideas that directs our expectations, goals and actions”. Then, Indoctrination is when people come to believe the set of ideas without question. There are two types of indoctrination, which include; a)&nbsp;passive and b) active.” The writer continues by saying that passive “agents of socialization don't necessarily&nbsp;intend&nbsp;to introduce ideology, and they are not aware that repetitive reinforcement of ideas amounts to indoctrination, but they are part of the process nevertheless”</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">How are they related?</strong></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">The writer says it well: ”the short answer is that ideas become ideological through a process of indoctrination. The term “indoctrination” itself is just a fancy word for repetitive teaching.”</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">Do a little Internet research and provide your own definition of ideology.</strong></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">In the sport of canoe/kayak in Canada, there are two streams of “war canoe” racing based on race. The a) mainstream/whitestream and b) the Indigenous stream. The institution of CanoeKayak Canada race&nbsp;<a href="http://canoekayak.ca/go-paddling/war-canoe/" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">mainstream war canoes</a>&nbsp;and credits it as the core of their club development system. Their narrative is that by racing war canoes, it creates a stepping stone to success.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Based on my Internet research,’ Is mainstream war canoe racing a stepping stone to success?’</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">For me when I think of the institution of CanoeKayak Canada and their ideology. I would explain that the institution who was incorporated in 1900 (as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Kayak_Canada" target="_blank">Canadian Canoe Association</a>) has had more than 100 years to share a set of ideas they believe to be true with their members. Given this length of time - of repeating these same ideas - have consequently reinforced to its members their beliefs which are not necessarily based on fact. &nbsp;As seen in my previous <a href="http://warcanoe.indigenoussport.ca/2018/07/social-movements-class-and-power.html" target="_blank">Research Essay</a> where a) the <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/banook-club-paddling-war-canoe-sport-bear-mountain-boats-1.4108943" target="_blank">Banook Canoe Club</a>, b) the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQLXUNmf9FU" target="_blank">2013 Canada Summer Games</a>, and c) the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPnXyQbi9fc&amp;t=3s" target="_blank">Bear Mountain Boats, Sprint Racing History</a> media videos share their ideas/beliefs from these institutions as factual. When in fact, there is really no scientific evidence to back their ideas of ‘mainstream war canoe racing’ as a stepping stone to success. That parallels the writers comments about when “the taken-for-granted” ideology is “considered to be natural and self-evident truths”.”</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">What features of our thinking process would signal that we have incorporated ideology into our mental processes?</strong></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">When ideas or beliefs, repeated enough times, through the years, becomes factual - with no basis or evidence of fact involved. &nbsp;An example of this thinking process can be seen when: ‘both the mainstream and indigenous stream of war canoe racing become so indoctrinated in these ‘ideas’ they don’t even realize it. &nbsp;That is when assimilation is complete.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div>War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-26321818181697597322018-07-25T20:44:00.002-07:002018-10-31T19:38:28.980-07:00Social Movements, Class and Power: "Olympics! Meet War Canoe Racing"<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6hw4TI_w3nM/W1lC4R9CiVI/AAAAAAAAARI/qgh_58R-yHsxlocCijGoCxy9rQYfmJ1xQCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-17%2Bat%2B10.31.03%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="828" data-original-width="961" height="275" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6hw4TI_w3nM/W1lC4R9CiVI/AAAAAAAAARI/qgh_58R-yHsxlocCijGoCxy9rQYfmJ1xQCLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-17%2Bat%2B10.31.03%2BAM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Indigenous Stream War Canoe Racing</td></tr></tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IOkcb8g6FQ8/W1lC0TGlVlI/AAAAAAAAARE/pFVwOE2fQOsop9KNwl-KAxZfw6_7uJRYgCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-17%2Bat%2B10.31.13%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1033" height="232" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IOkcb8g6FQ8/W1lC0TGlVlI/AAAAAAAAARE/pFVwOE2fQOsop9KNwl-KAxZfw6_7uJRYgCLcBGAs/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-17%2Bat%2B10.31.13%2BAM.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mainstream/Whitestream War Canoe Racing</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;open sans&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , &quot;arial&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;open sans&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , &quot;arial&quot; , sans-serif;"><b>What makes a social movement different from say, a wedding committee or a social group?</b></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: &quot;open sans&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , &quot;arial&quot; , sans-serif;"><br /></span><br /><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_13_0_2_1532576222185_97" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_13_0_2_1532576222185_96">In the book Social Movements By Suzanne Staggenborg and Howard Ramos it says “most social movement scholars would agree that social movements “are collective efforts, of some duration and organization, using non-institutionalized methods to bring about social change” (Flacks, 2005:5). This creates a difference between a social movement and say, a wedding committee or social group. Whereas the latter is &nbsp;&nbsp;gathering together that amounts to a collective activity.</span></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_13_0_2_1532576222185_97" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">In my own experience, another example of a social movement versus a social group can be seen in the Canadian sport system. Let me use the example&nbsp;of “war canoe” racing in the sport of canoe/kayak and with it come a number of sociological problems.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /><a name='more'></a><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">Social Movements</strong>&nbsp;- As a result of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Canadian “Indian” residential school system</a>, First Nations people are trying to reconnect with their culture. A symbolic part of their culture is the canoe and specifically the “war canoe” where First Nations people of Canada went to war using these canoes against other tribes pre-colonisation. A small group of Coast Salish families on the west coast of Canada race “Indian War Canoes”.&nbsp;The problems include those of the origin of race, class and culture in society. Over the past decade, despite a collective social movement against the Government Institutions of Canada, methods including; a) newspaper articles, b) &nbsp;letters to politicians, c) online petitions and d) the filling a human rights complaint against the institution of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Kayak_Canada" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">CanoeKayak Canada</a>&nbsp;(Formerly known as the Canadian Canoe Association - CCA). This organization disregards the Indigenous stream of “war canoe” racing in preference of their own version of “mainstream/whitestream” “<a href="http://canoekayak.ca/go-paddling/war-canoe/" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">war canoe</a>” racing in what academics refer to as the “Double Helix” sport system adopted by the Federal Government of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_Canada" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Sport Canada</a>.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><strong style="font-style: inherit;">Collective Activities</strong>&nbsp;- The mainstream sport of “war canoe” racing is a predominantly white sport in Canada. We know from history that white people didn’t go to war in a canoe and as a result is not part of their cultural makeup. Therefore it is just a group of white people who race “war canoes” which amounts to a collective activity. Despite this fact, it didn't stop&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugues_Fournel" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Hugues Fournel</a>, an Olympic Kayaker from saying “Everybody's screaming and you feel like you are in a war and thats why its called war canoe and it's one of the oldest, oldest races we do in Canada”.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>What relevance does social class have for the study of social movements?</b></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">According to Christian Fuchs there is relevance that social class has on the study of social movements. Fuchs wrote the paper Social Movements and Class Analysis, Vienna University of Technology. His paper focused on empirical evidence from 1981 to 1997 from 15 different countries. Fuchs says “The results show that cultural and economic capital are important factors in mobilizing or demobilizing protest, that the new knowledge and service class is the most active group in protest, and that there continues to be a significant political left-right distinction concerning protest activities.”.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">In my own experience in regards to War Canoe racing is the Institution CanoeKayak Canada, which overseas the pathway to the Olympics via the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Canoe_Federation" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">International Canoe Federation</a>, has all the federal money to put them in a class of their own compared to the Indigenous population of Canada. For example they can get CBC news to write articles about their colonial version of the war canoe - such as seen when&nbsp;CBC Nova Scotia journalist Nina Corfu wrote an article called “<a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/banook-club-paddling-war-canoe-sport-bear-mountain-boats-1.4108943" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">New $25K war canoe gives Banook paddlers edge in 'very Canadian' sport</a>”. &nbsp;They also get&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQLXUNmf9FU" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Television attention</a>&nbsp;by putting their Olympians on to make statements such as Hugues Fournel, an Olympic Kayaker said “Every kid, every club, if you’re in a canoe club somewhere in Canada, you’re for sure going to do War Canoe.” The reporter says, that the mainstream/whitestream “war canoe” “is considered the cadillac of canoes, that Fournel and Ontario’s Taylor Potts, a gold medal winner here as a stepping stone at the club level for their success.” Their narrative simply drowns out the Indigenous one on the topic and they see nothing wrong as a result.</div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>What is power? Why is it important to analyse power when looking at social movements?</b></span></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_13_0_2_1532576222185_108" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;">Typically power is the ability to accumulate labour hours. However, power can take different meanings in a social movement. For example, the Windspeaker is an Indigenous newspaper. &nbsp;In the Windspeaker newspaper article called “<a href="http://ammsa.com/publications/windspeaker/olympics-meet-war-canoe-racing" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Olympics! Meet war canoe racing.</a>” by Sam Lakaris in 2003 writes about a Coast Saalish man on Vancouver Island. - “If Derrick George had a wish, it would be to see the sport of war canoe racing added to the Summer Olympics' roster of activities.” When Sam Lakaris writes “For starters, George will have to get the support of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_Kayak_Canada" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">Canadian Canoe Association</a>&nbsp;(CCA). But John Edwards, the CCA's domestic program director, said he knows nothing about George's initiative. "I haven't heard anything about this," he said. "That's all news to us. But we're all the way out here in Ottawa."” he does not mention that the same John Edwards is also a) trying to get his institutions version of the “war canoe” to the Olympics and b) John Edwards sits on the board of directors of the International Canoe Federation which is affiliated with the Olympic committee for the sport of canoe. In 2012, the CCA would be successful in bringing a group of white only participants to demonstrate their own version of the<a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/young-nova-scotia-athletes-take-war-canoe-to-london-olympics/article4170287/" style="color: #195ba3; text-decoration-line: none;">“War Canoe” to the London 2012 Games</a><span id="yui_3_13_0_2_1532576222185_112">&nbsp;as seen in the Globe and Mail, leaving the Indigenous peoples of Canada excluded, despite knowing their intent and wishes to bring their own war canoe to the Olympics. John Edwards was in a position of power to reasonably help Derrick George with his dreams, however took his own Institutions interest in lieu forward as seen at the London games at the 2012 Olympics.</span></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_13_0_2_1532576222185_108" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_13_0_2_1532576222185_114" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><span id="yui_3_13_0_2_1532576222185_113">It is important to analyse power when looking at social movements because when combined with class, it becomes clear how Fuchs was correct in his final analysis in his paper &nbsp;Social Movements and Class Analysis, Vienna University of Technology where in this case the Institution CanoeKayak Canada has the class and power to “demobilize the protest” where those who oppose have no chance to mobilize against them.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #e4f1fa;"><br /></span></div>War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-59568970677523326072018-07-10T17:31:00.001-07:002018-10-31T19:39:13.362-07:00Dual Colonialism: Racialized Discourse, Prejudice and Discrimination<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6G9e4Pzd4ko/W0VP2YdGbpI/AAAAAAAAAQs/sQH9KFj0X2gW60zZtema6qnIMbs8rOe7ACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-10%2Bat%2B5.31.02%2BPM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="554" height="484" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6G9e4Pzd4ko/W0VP2YdGbpI/AAAAAAAAAQs/sQH9KFj0X2gW60zZtema6qnIMbs8rOe7ACLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-10%2Bat%2B5.31.02%2BPM.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />I am not of an ethnic minority, my ancestry is predominantly French and German. As a result of being of European decent, I have an interest in Post-colonialism. Indigenous and Colonial topics are at <br />best a difficult undertaking to discuss from a balanced perspective. As a sociologist, I find it interesting to study the “whitestream” otherwise known as mainstream sport system in Canada. I specifically find the Olympic sport of Canoe fascinating where you have a “Double Helix” sport system broken into two streams based on “race”; a) mainstream/whitestream and b) Indigenous stream. I feel - through the lens of sport, it allows for a palatable narrative that can be accurately told from my sociological imagination.<br /><br /><a name='more'></a><br /><br /><b>Have you ever come across racialized discourse or the hierarchical sorting of race?&nbsp;</b><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1ug2gjE8214/W0VMXV3SOUI/AAAAAAAAAQI/UBxn1L2gEZ8w5rmBQaHmmsIXMEcheWcJACLcBGAs/s1600/news2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1332" data-original-width="728" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1ug2gjE8214/W0VMXV3SOUI/AAAAAAAAAQI/UBxn1L2gEZ8w5rmBQaHmmsIXMEcheWcJACLcBGAs/s320/news2.jpg" width="174" /></a></div>In Steckley’s book, ‘The Elements of Sociology,’ he writes about dual colonialism as a theory: an “idea that under a colonial regime, the most oppressed groups suffered at the hands of the colonizing group who are given privilege and power by the outsiders.” From my personal experiences, I can relate to Dual Colonialism where a) we have a mainstream sport system that at best is creating a racialized sporting space and b) hierarchy of power within Indigenous communities based on family lineage. I often refer to this power dynamic as the “haves and have nots” or the “Power Families”. This provides an opportunity for the colonial sport organizations to give opportunities to the power families within indigenous communities, while neglecting the have-nots in various sporting events.<br /><br /><b>Have you seen others engage in prejudice or discrimination based on, for example, skin colour or ethnic background?&nbsp;</b><br /><br />When I was a canoe coach, I experienced prejudice from local retail stores such as the local Outdoor paddle store. As a white person, in my experience of mainstream sport, raising donations and discounts for youth sport in my community was a viable option. For example, the local bicycle store giving the local bicycle youth club a 10% discount on parts and accessories. Yet, when I attempted to obtain the same privileges from the mainstream stores for the Indigenous stream of canoe, it was much different.<br /><br /><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_n3KYw4YD_0/W0VKl4wi5UI/AAAAAAAAAP0/5Xg-PjRkAIEk4gSWRdoiVDfprfnm3DOLwCLcBGAs/s1600/news1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1112" data-original-width="426" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_n3KYw4YD_0/W0VKl4wi5UI/AAAAAAAAAP0/5Xg-PjRkAIEk4gSWRdoiVDfprfnm3DOLwCLcBGAs/s400/news1.jpg" width="152" /></a>In this particular case, I had $1000.00 to purchase paddles for the launch of the local indigenous canoe club. I was speaking with the store manager, a white person in decent about purchasing 60 paddles and asked if he would provide a discount for this Indigenous initiative. He simply said no, He said “Don’t the Indians get enough already?” to which I replied, how so? He would go on to talk about the fact that the store was on the Cowichan First Nation Band land and that they were not subject to paying taxes as a result. Equating the federal agreement between First Nation communities and the government was enough of a discount.<br /><br />Another example happened when I was trying to purchase 60 jackets with the paddle club name on it. Approaching one supplier, from whom I had already purchased $5,000.00 worth of paddle club clothing, I asked for a discount on the jackets. I was told, Why would I give “them” a discount?.<br /><br />It appeared to me, based on these two experiences, that the Indigenous youth could not even get a break at the grassroots level. Such practices many mainstream sports take for granted.<br /><br /><br />War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-29641698331702813932018-07-05T14:49:00.001-07:002018-10-31T19:40:14.684-07:00Growing Up The Children of Institutionalized Parents<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"></div><br /><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lVcOnbyUxWE/Wz6R5THo9aI/AAAAAAAAAPU/Ttcy4N1P1fs__6Dddk80z8iw0CTd_CF9ACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-05%2Bat%2B2.34.02%2BPM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="872" height="346" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lVcOnbyUxWE/Wz6R5THo9aI/AAAAAAAAAPU/Ttcy4N1P1fs__6Dddk80z8iw0CTd_CF9ACLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-05%2Bat%2B2.34.02%2BPM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplessis_Orphans" style="font-size: medium; text-align: start;" target="_blank">Duplessis Orphans</a><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;">&nbsp;were children victimized in a mid-20th century scheme in which approximately 20,000 orphaned children were falsely certified as mentally ill by the government of the province of Quebec, Canada."</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />While living full time on a West Coast First Nation reserve, I was able to relate with many of the indigenous people. The connection we made was one of mental health and shared experiences because our parents grew up as institutionalized children of a governmental system.<br /><br />I am an only child of a mother, who raised me as a single parent for the first ten years of my life. My mother was raised from the ages of 2 years to 16 years in the Duplessis Orphanage system in Quebec. She experienced similar traumas as those raised in the “Indian” Residential School system. Wikipedia states that “The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplessis_Orphans" target="_blank">Duplessis Orphans</a> were children victimized in a mid-20th century scheme in which approximately 20,000 orphaned children were falsely certified as mentally ill by the government of the province of Quebec, Canada, and confined to psychiatric institutions.” The Montreal orphanage my mother resided in was run by the Catholic Church. She was abused for many of those years. The long-term effects of the mental stress and physical abuse she suffered was immense. Not only did she have a short lifespan, but the mental health issues resulting from this abuse would be life changing for me as well.<br /><b></b><br /><a name='more'></a><b><br /></b><b>Who defines what is right and wrong, what is good behaviour or bad?</b><br /><br />My mother would invoke the authority and values of the Roman Catholic Church. The same beliefs were reinforced by the French Catholic schools I attended. At the age of 10 years old, I entered the Roman Catholic ‘Children Aid’ system. These Authorities followed the similar rules/expectations my mother had growing up. At the same time, she had no respect for this authority and would not listen to or adhere to their advice if it differed from her own. For example, as a young child, I would attend my local parish church as much as 4-5 times a week, yet my mother refused to attend at all. Regarding school interactions with teachers and principals, if she didn’t receive the response she wanted from these authorities she would place the blame on me or simply refuse to participate in discussions. Despite reports from my school officials and a Psychologist that alluded to a Mental Health concern for myself, my mother refused to believe my behaviour was caused by anything other than willfulness and my father’s ‘bad’ blood.<br /><br /><b>Who defines the rules, controls the money, and makes the decisions?</b><br /><br />My mother made the rules of the home, enforced the rules of the home, and when she couldn’t control my behaviour, called in the Higher Power - the Catholic Church. My behaviour was so troubling for her growing up due to my own mental health disorder that at one point, she inquired about an exorcism as a solution. We are talking about a mother who was desperate to save her son and conform to society's standards even as a child.<br /><br /><b>Is it the parents equally, is it just one parent, do the children have any say?</b><br /><br />Parenting was not equal in my family. My mother did the majority of the parenting and I did not know of my father for the first five years of my life. I would meet him around the age of 8 years old when I flew out to Vancouver to visit. He had no decision making or influence in my life until I was in my early teens, when I went to live with him.<br /><br /><b>If there are school-aged children in your family, you may also want to consider how your family intersects with the school authorities. Does your family take responsibility for enforcing school expectations (grades, attendance, behaviour in class) and if so, why and how?</b><br /><br />By the time I reached 10 years of age, my mother was ready to disown me. She packed my suitcase and locked me out of the house one cold Ontario night. I was to wait for the social workers to pick me up (unknowing at the time that she had given me up to their care). Rather than find supports and accept I had a neurological disorder, she abandoned me to foster care. On the eve of signing off her parental rights, my father got involved. My mother changed her mind and got me back into her care to spite my father. A few years later, I would find myself passed off to him as my mother once again rejected my behaviour as willfulness and was done with me. However, my father, did not value school, thus I was encouraged to drop out in my first semester of grade 10.<br /><br /><b>What do you think would happen to your family if the parents refused to educate the children as specified by the government, or if they chose different values and different ways of existing?</b><br /><br />The reality is that both my parents have very different values regarding education and parenting than the mainstream population. My mother fought her emotional demons most of her life and choose partners who were “known to law enforcement” for one reason or another. My father skated the law and taught what he knew to me. I literally grew up on the streets of Windsor and Detroit while in my mother’s care; and had a varied education (non-academic) while in my father’s care.<br /><br />Despite being enrolled in school during my formative years, I suspect the multiple homes I lived in while in foster care, moving from Ontario to British Columbia created chaos in my academic life, to say nothing of my home life - such as it was. The Roman Catholic Church, it’s schools, and Children’s Aid of Ontario could not predict that I would only last less than a couple of years with my father, I was living on my own at the age of 16 years. These and subsequent experiences led me to become cunning, manipulative, a fan of ‘smoke and mirrors’ - as I was in pure survival mode.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FYGAaAtF2mk/Wz6SIFA6yWI/AAAAAAAAAPY/HB_fRmosYXcl3ZYRFgspgc5IKquLNC3MwCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-05%2Bat%2B2.34.12%2BPM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="443" data-original-width="792" height="355" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FYGAaAtF2mk/Wz6SIFA6yWI/AAAAAAAAAPY/HB_fRmosYXcl3ZYRFgspgc5IKquLNC3MwCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-05%2Bat%2B2.34.12%2BPM.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Canadian “Indian” residential school.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b>Compare this to the residential school experience of Natives in Canada.</b><br /><br />Like the “Survivors” of the Canadian “Indian” Residential School, my mother was a “Survivor” of the Duplessis Orphanage System. In both institutions, they faced mental, physical and sexual abuse. Once my mother ran away from the school at the age of 16 years old, she was not provided with any supports. If her childhood wasn’t difficult enough, her adult life could be measured equally as difficult as she lacked the parenting skills required to raise me, a child with disabilities. The Indigenous people have coined their own term of the “offspring” of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" target="_blank">Canadian “Indian” residential school</a> and therefore in similarities, I was the “offspring” of the Duplessis Orphanage system. With that comparison comes a number of mental health issues that are known today amongst medical professionals. In my own discussion with Indigenous friends, we compare the similar parenting strategies as a result of our parents growing up in institutionalized government systems.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-75488382192968747502018-07-01T08:39:00.000-07:002018-10-31T19:24:27.629-07:00#TRC88: Aboriginal paddlers welcome academy. #Olympic dreams, am I a Normal person?<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VEf4fBjupZM/WzjqmBGLB_I/AAAAAAAAAO8/-GgOTWn7H4oB4miZe0a-nKKaBqR3HzdrACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-01%2Bat%2B7.41.07%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="554" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VEf4fBjupZM/WzjqmBGLB_I/AAAAAAAAAO8/-GgOTWn7H4oB4miZe0a-nKKaBqR3HzdrACLcBGAs/s400/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-07-01%2Bat%2B7.41.07%2BAM.png" width="345" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 9pt; margin-top: 9pt;"><b>1. Am I a normal person?”&nbsp;</b><br /><br />I felt I was always a normal person until I was 38 years old and diagnosed with a form of Autism known as High-Functioning Asperger’s. Which much to my surprise implied I was anything but normal.<br /><br /><b>2. How you came to be such a “normal” or “deviant” person, as the case may be. ?&nbsp;</b><br /><br />In 2011, Normal for me was my blog “<a href="http://sporttechnologist.com/" target="_blank">The Sport Technologist Chronicles</a>” and for me “deviant” was my unique perspective on my second blog introduced in 2013 “Living with Aspergers in Sport: My Evil Twin” post diagnosis. From 2004 to 2010, I developed athletic training software for retail and Olympic teams. By 2011, social media and blogging were a popular pastime for people. I wanted to explore the opportunities for demonstrating my skills as a <a href="http://sports.techtalk1.com/p/about.html" target="_blank">Sport Technologist</a> and I would develop a <a href="http://blueprint.sporttechnology.ca/p/my-blueprint.html" target="_blank">Sport Technology Canada Blueprint</a> that helped all Canadian athletes to implement technology in their sport. In a short time, my social media would be extremely popular with more than 25,000 followers including many world sport scientists, sport organizations, coaching professionals and professional athletes. During this experience I came to see first hand how the mainstream and Indigenous sport institutions were treating the Indigenous people of Canada. Much to my surprise, <a href="http://vancouversun.com/opinion/columnists/social-assistance-deduction-discriminates-against-disabled" target="_blank">my world would fall apart</a> after being diagnosed with High-Functioning Asperger’s.<br /><a name='more'></a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_p3GMZs8c-E" width="560"></iframe><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><b>3. Have you ever been subject to sanction because you stepped outside of what would be considered normal behaviour?&nbsp;Some examples might include the sanctions directed at effeminate male children, sanctions because you did not fit into normal learning styles, sanctions because you looked or acted differently, etc.).&nbsp;</b><br /><br />In 2012, I would be one of the first to join the new “BC Aboriginal Canoe Committee” which was responsible for the selection process for the North American Indigenous Games. For a period of almost two years, I would participate in all the meetings leading up to the 2014 North American Indigenous Games.&nbsp;Once I started to challenge their practices and philosophy towards First Nations in the sport of canoe and kayak I was ostracized. Despite being on the Board, - they never notified me of scheduled meetings; made decisions without my expertise or participation; minimized my skills and knowledge; and disregarded what I was bringing to the table. I was “put out to pasture" in other words. Through my 5-Day BC Human Rights Tribunal Hearing (Victoria, BC) against the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.bcaafc.com/" target="_blank">BC Aboriginal Friendship Centre</a>&nbsp;who operates as the “Indigenous Sport and Recreation Council (<a href="https://isparc.ca/" target="_blank">iSPARC</a>)”. I would learn that <a href="http://www.canoekayakbc.ca/" target="_blank">CanoeKayakBC</a> Executive Director and iSPARC’s Director of Sport would go on to “gossip” regularly with a B.C. Government employee in the <a href="https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/sports-culture" target="_blank">Ministry of Sport and Recreation</a> by downplaying my involvement in the sport of canoe and kayak at the time (2012-2014). That employee would then forward emails and make claims that were a) false about me or b) lacking full information to comprehend the situation - to members of Parliament including the <a href="https://twitter.com/KahlonRav" target="_blank">Deputy Minister to the Minister of Sport and Recreation</a> in B.C. Not only were these “gossip” emails obtained under the BC Freedom of Information Act (FOI), The television show “<a href="http://aptnnews.ca/category/investigates/" target="_blank">APTN Investigates</a>” Executive Producer would comment after a lengthy investigation that his sources said “"The story I’m getting from the others is that a few insiders spend most of their time, energy and money on protecting their own jobs " from the things I was saying. The APTN investigation sources revealed: “they back up what you’re saying about there not be any emphasis on pursuing excellence and world class competition. The Indigenous games are basically a recreational level athletic event and there is no interest in identifying potential world class Indigenous athletes and then developing them.”<br /><br /><b>4. In other words, did you ever feel pressure to normalize and, if so, how did you deal with that pressure?&nbsp;</b><br /><br />In past years I had the ability to mimic “normal” behaviours, mannerisms, and attitudes of successful individuals and “fake it” for a period of time. This allowed me to present myself as ‘normal’. I went to <a href="https://www.toastmasters.org/" target="_blank">Toastmasters</a> to learn how to speak in public, I learned how to dress for success, I learned what was acceptable by certain population groups and behaved accordingly. However, the energy to maintain this facade was immense and would occasionally result in miscommunication; misinterpretation, and anger. On the eve of my Human Rights Tribunal hearing, the Institutions lawyers were reconsidering my entry to coach paddlers to train for the 2017 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Indigenous_Games" target="_blank">North American Indigenous Game</a>s. However, they wanted assurance that I was going to behave “normally” moving forward by talking directly to my medical professionals. Yet, the Tribunal was not about my medical disabilities, but rather about their retaliation towards me for having a disability. This would lead to the negotiations breaking down and the hearing proceeded as scheduled. I was given an opportunity to “act normal” if I virtually kept quiet and did not question any decision they would make in the future. There was no attempt by the Sport Organization to educate themselves on the needs and characteristics of an Asperger’s Adult, nor were they interested in finding ways to accommodate my unique challenges in order to work with me. Either I conformed totally, kept quiet about my concerns or I was out. The result was --- I was out. I could not be other than who I was - an Asperger’s person who has a has expertise in a select area; dedication to detail, and a tireless attention to ‘getting it right.’</div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></div><br />War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-20472568899125754422018-06-24T11:47:00.000-07:002018-10-31T19:33:18.789-07:00The Sport Canada Institutions: CanoeKayak Canada and Own The Podium<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-L2ImoLzvUUM/Wy_mdtzC72I/AAAAAAAAAOk/umctjRFw22kTZgygE5CjvXtmcW1tcfymwCLcBGAs/s1600/SportCanadaMap.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="354" data-original-width="888" height="254" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-L2ImoLzvUUM/Wy_mdtzC72I/AAAAAAAAAOk/umctjRFw22kTZgygE5CjvXtmcW1tcfymwCLcBGAs/s640/SportCanadaMap.png" width="640" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><u>The Mainstream/Whitestream Sport Canada Institutions</u></b>&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">When I think like a Sociologist and I reflect on my own actions, interactions and agreement to the “rules” of the world. I think about the organized institutions of a) <a href="http://canoekayak.ca/" target="_blank">CanoeKayak Canada</a> and b) <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/services/culture/sport.html" target="_blank">Sport Canada</a>, a department of the Federal Government. Both institutions operate with structures, boundaries and rules. What many might not know is that Canada operates with two sports streams based on race. This Canadian sports system is known academically as the “Double Helix” which includes an a) Indigenous stream and b) a Mainstream one, also referred to as “whitestream”. When I reflect on my own personal experiences with both institutions, I feel they fall short of their own mandate and idealism they put forward and do not follow their own rules.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><a name='more'></a><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><u><b>The Institution of CanoeKayak Canada&nbsp;</b></u></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">My relationship with this institution started in 2012, when I was a canoe and kayak coach living on a remote “aboriginal rez” for a period of 18-months. My goal and purpose was to prepare a group of youth to qualify for the <a href="http://regina2014naig.com/home/" target="_blank">2014 North American Indigenous Games</a> Canoe Championships and onwards to our own Olympic dreams. That experience resulted in me being one of the “nominees” that year for their “Coach Excellence Awards: Development Award”. The <a href="http://canoekayak.ca/coach-excellence-awards/" target="_blank">CanoeKayak Canada Development Award</a> “is presented annually to the coach who has clearly demonstrated his or her abilities to develop a club/ sport through the grassroots levels of building a club/ or program - such as an aboriginal paddling or PaddleALL program, or the promotion of the sport through the club.”</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">By 2015, this relationship would end with a complaint to “The Ontario Human Rights Tribunal between I, Jason Anson (complainant) and CanoeKayak Canada and <a href="http://www.ownthepodium.org/" target="_blank">Own the Podium</a>, Case No. 2015-22176-I”. At the core of my complaint was inclusion for Indigenous youth to be considered and be given a fair/equal opportunity to access CanoeKayak Canada’s “Next Gen Program”. This is an Olympic pathway program initiated by the institute “Own the Podium” and it was not open to the Indigenous stream or anyone outside of a select group of teenagers (predominantly, if not all, white in descent and from the mainstream system). This “Next Gen” program was focusing on the upcoming 2020 and 2024 Olympics. It provides a group of youth advanced training techniques and opportunities for them to stay on the pathway to their goals.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><u>The Institution of Sport Canada&nbsp;</u></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">My relationship with CanoeKayak Canada came to an end, just as the “<a href="http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/File/2015/Findings/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf" target="_blank">Truth and Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action</a>” were released in December 2015. In that Report a “Sports and Reconciliation” Calls to Action #87 -91 were released. It was at that time, the same group of elders/parents/youth I was associated with formed the “Indian Residential School Survivors, Offspring and Products” [2016]. I would lobby on their behalf to the federal government department of Sport Canada under the registered lobbying name of “<a href="https://lobbycanada.gc.ca/app/secure/ocl/lrs/do/vwRg?cno=354806&amp;regId=854737" target="_blank">Aboriginal Sports and Reconciliation Consultants Canada</a>” each month for a period of one year throughout 2016 on how their “<a href="http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/270312/publication.html" target="_blank">Sport Canada’s Policy on Aboriginal Peoples’ Participation in Sport</a>” (The aboriginal sport policy released in 2005) were being ignored by the institution of CanoeKayak Canada. The institution ‘Sport Canada’ who funds ‘CanoeKayak Canada’ was going to address the Calls to Action with their proposed solution. Ironically, my efforts in both areas would end with a case example of exclusion from both institutions, Sport Canada and CanoeKayak Canada.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">It was these experiences that led me to start studying Sociology in 2017 and discover my own sociological imagination. From my experience and extensive research on the topic, it became clear that both Institutions were not applying the rules equally. One group followed their own set of rules. The Dominant mainstream/whitestream culture does not appear to take the Indigenous stream and culture seriously when it comes to sports. They do this in a way that leaves their actions looking more like forms of Tokenism - which allows them to move their own agenda forward, such as in a series of propaganda-type photo shoots and articles showing continued success. These patterns of events are continuous and can be seen over the past 30 years of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Indigenous_Games" target="_blank">North American Indigenous Games</a>. In my experience, their philosophy/actions/ hidden intent leaves the Indigenous stream and community with broken dreams and at best a recreational experience only, regardless of the rules in place to provide real opportunities.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div>War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-51415407121301078132018-04-29T08:58:00.000-07:002018-10-31T19:57:19.189-07:00First Nation Olympic Kayak Cost<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HmVksy096tU/WuXw06HdulI/AAAAAAAAAMQ/-ung9jE6qFMTN8EDehYaHXVhtm_d1Gf0QCLcBGAs/s1600/canoecost.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1417" data-original-width="1600" height="566" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HmVksy096tU/WuXw06HdulI/AAAAAAAAAMQ/-ung9jE6qFMTN8EDehYaHXVhtm_d1Gf0QCLcBGAs/s640/canoecost.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-350a9ecc-121e-7a38-58fb-d276c3e11a49"><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In 2015, the avg. price of a Nelo racing kayak (k1) used in the (2014) North American Indigenous Games was $3,800. “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census” </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">states “the median total </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">income</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">$14,000 for First Nations people living on reserve”</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> ~ stats canada.</span></span>War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-681814478235688853.post-80843688320215061822017-09-14T09:00:00.003-07:002018-11-06T10:58:52.988-08:00The Assimilation of Indigenous Canoe/Kayak, within the past 150 years, in the Maritimes.<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MHY8BupeRZs/WbqseqveGpI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/95uUIvt0VaUyxfTAR8oFKyrcah7ZnV9ogCLcBGAs/s1600/nuns.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="1587" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MHY8BupeRZs/WbqseqveGpI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/95uUIvt0VaUyxfTAR8oFKyrcah7ZnV9ogCLcBGAs/s640/nuns.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1906 - The children of the&nbsp;Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations on route to the Christie (Kakawis) Indian residential school that operated on&nbsp;Meares Island off the coast of Tofino, British Columbia. The longest running school in British Columbia history where the school operated from 1900 and 1983 by the Roman Catholics.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dr. Janice Forsyth, Vanessa Lodge-Gagne and Audrey Giles wrote a paper “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/QF9gFJPN7ie5muuXgDWQ/full" target="_blank">Negotiating Difference: How Aboriginal Athletes in the Maritimes Brokered their Involvement in Canadian Sport</a>” published in Taylor &amp; Francis</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”. The academic paper focuses “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">by examining the experiences of nine elite Aboriginal athletes from the Maritimes, specifically those who won a Tom Longboat Award, through a postcolonial lens.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”. The writers acknowledge that “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Aboriginal perspectives on experiences in sport in Canada are largely missing from the existing body of literature on sociocultural aspects of sport, but this is especially the case in terms of Aboriginal people from the Maritimes region of Canada.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”</span></div><b id="docs-internal-guid-674d7b66-80eb-9d3d-9546-e4062c99c35d" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">My aim is to contribute to the body of knowledge on Aboriginal sport by narrowing the topic to the assimilation of Indigenous Canoe and Kayak, within the past 150 years, in the Maritimes (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island). To which the writers claim “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Trying to find published studies on Aboriginal sport in any one of those three provinces is challenging and has certainly frustrated more than a few scholars. Ballem lamented this problem in ‘Missing from the Canadian Sport Scene: Native Athletes’ where he outlined the accomplishments of several Aboriginal athletes who competed for the Abegweit Amateur Athletic Association in Prince Edward Island at the turn of the twentieth century.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><a name='more'></a><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">With Canada’s 150th birthday celebrated on July 1, 2017 there has been recent debate over the naming of schools for Canada’s First Prime Minister, SIr. John A. McDonald. &nbsp;A topic that the Globe and Mail published an article called “<a href="https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/honouring-indigenous-heroes-better-than-debating-macdonald-sinclair/article36113299/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&amp;" target="_blank">Honouring Indigenous heroes better than debating Macdonald</a>: Sinclair” Truth and Reconciliation Commission Chair Justice Murray Sinclair reflects on the first Prime Minister. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #191919; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"He clearly attempted to eliminate Indigenous culture by removing children from their families and placing them with people of another race ... for the purpose of wiping out the race of people known as Indian," Sinclair said. </span></div><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Have you ever thought what it might be like to lose your identity?</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Misao Dean, Professor of English at the University of Victoria explored the topic as it relates to the Canoe and Canada on the CBC’s </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The 180 radio show with Jim Brown</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.cbc.ca/radio/the180/electric-cars-aren-t-green-pot-is-still-a-drug-and-we-need-to-rethink-the-canoe-1.3475291/is-the-canoe-a-symbol-of-canada-or-of-colonialism-1.3475381" target="_blank">Is the canoe a symbol of Canada, or of colonialism?</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”. In this radio interview “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dean asks us to consider the canoe, and what it really represents in Canadian society, and whose symbol it is.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”. Dean further states that “the story Canadians tell themselves about the canoe is one of European colonialism, while ignoring the role the canoe played in displacing and harming indigenous people.” &nbsp;It is interesting that host Jim Brown opens the Interview with “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ah, the Canoe. One of the seven wonders of Canada.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">” Brown is referencing a popularity contest hosted by CBC called - </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.cbc.ca/sevenwonders/index.html" target="_blank">The Seven Wonders of Canada</a>,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In which the Canoe was one of the <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/sevenwonders/wonder_canoe.html" target="_blank">seven winners</a> , playing right into the point Dean is making. If you read the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Seven Wonders of Canada</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> you will realize how the Canoe became a winner through</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the email nominations submitted by Mary Lofthouse, &nbsp;Rick Zroback, Robert Thompson Boyd, Doug Barnes. &nbsp;</span></div><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><br /><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mary Lofthouse writes “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the ingenuity of its designers from aboriginal craft to the legendary 19th century Peterborough fabricators.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”.</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rick Zroback writes “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This superb vessel allowed the first nations people to coexist in their natural environment and the European fur traders to enjoy the other six wonders of Canada.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Robert Thompson writes “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">we learned to canoe, but we also learned to sing the songs the voyageurs sang to keep the rhythm of their paddling together, and a bit about the history of how the English, French, and Native cultures connected</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #434343; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Doug Barnes writes “The construction materials have changed, but the design of the canoe has remained unaltered for the last four hundred years.” However, makes no mention to the Indigenous people of Canada and the canoe. </span></div></li></ul><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Seven Wonders of Canada says “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Canoes take many forms: from the slick lines of a racing canoe, to the ruggedness of a seagoing cedar canoe, from cleverly assembled birch bark, to the shiny fiberglass, or the comfy inflatable. </span></div><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Can a sport even be colonized?</span></div><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EY6pye-p4v0/WtK0X5v22EI/AAAAAAAAAKE/0Z1i3C8uO4gPTQO3WXJqnZsjAeGTmuDOACLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-02-11%2Bat%2B1.47.06%2BPM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="1166" height="312" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EY6pye-p4v0/WtK0X5v22EI/AAAAAAAAAKE/0Z1i3C8uO4gPTQO3WXJqnZsjAeGTmuDOACLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-02-11%2Bat%2B1.47.06%2BPM.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Canadians do not know a lot about the “racing canoe” and many times people ask me, is it even an Olympic sport? Cultural Assimilation is an unpopular concept in today’s “politically correct” society - but it continues to be promoted by our Government and various organizations. “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Why is this so important to address, especially amid much larger concerns like land loss, clean water, racism in policing, and other deeply rooted systemic abuses.” &nbsp;&nbsp;While the war canoe/racing canoe seems unimportant and trivial in the larger scheme of these social concerns, it speaks very clearly to how entrenched is our racism, with attitudes and policies that eradicate, diminish, and ignore the historical significance of something so important to indigenous people. &nbsp;If this can happen to the canoe - then how many other areas have we already assimilated this culture into the dominant culture framework. &nbsp;This is &nbsp;exactly why people should pay attention to this issue.</span></div><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220c04; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I would like to show you how one organization - a sport organization - has managed to assimilate an important part of First Nations heritage into their own sporting culture and continue to behave as if there is no correlation between the two. &nbsp;We have predominately privileged, white, people racing what they consider ‘War Canoes’ as part of their proud colonial history. &nbsp;A history where they a) wear stereotypical indian head logos on their club clothing and equipment, b) name their clubs after indigenous words and c) race their own version of a ‘war canoe’. There is no mention of the West Coast First Nations from which their ‘history’ originated. &nbsp;They have re-written the facts ( which will be later presented) to negate the historical significance to the indigenous peoples of Canada.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220c04; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #220c04; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The Indigenous people of Canada surely have bigger problems like land treaties, clean water, racism in policing, and other deeply rooted systemic abuses. So really who cares about sports? By considering the information provided below, you will realize that by using the example of “sport” to show how a proud culture is being virtually ignored, moreover, there are policies and attitudes within these sports that keep the indigenous peoples of our country out of the competitive arenas of many of these sports, and particularly within the sport of canoe/kayak. If this happens in something so basic as sport - than what else is happening in the more important areas as health, education, law, social policy etc.</span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #220c04; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dr. Janice Forsyth, Vanessa Lodge-Gagne and Audrey Giles wrote “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">part to the question that Ballem posed earlier: Where did all of the Aboriginal athletes go, especially after the First World War? Certainly, the Great War marked a turning point for Aboriginal people in sport. From the 1920s to the 1970s, their presence in recorded history dwindles to the point of being almost invisible. Were they pushed out of sport? Were they made irrelevant to the developing sport system? If they did participate in sport, what kind of experiences did they have? And what do those experiences tell us about the realities they faced in other areas of life?</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 11pt; margin-top: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 13pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Northern Sandlots</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Howell outlined how Aboriginal people were removed from the growing structure of sport in the Maritimes through a combination of government-funded programs aimed at restructuring Aboriginal lives, as well as through race- and class-based ideologies that limited or restricted Aboriginal sport participation altogether.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #220c04; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CanoeKayak Canada promotes cultural assimilation through policy, practice, and ignorance of historical truths. I will show historical documents, documents reporting “Indian” names for clubs when residential schools were in full effect and natives were not allowed their culture, to speak their language, have ceremonies etc. &nbsp;I will use press releases that talk about the history of war canoes and the mis-information in those releases; the various sport policies that do not allow for First Nations participation because of the elitism of the sport itself. &nbsp;Ie. from calling this type of canoe a ‘war canoe’ when whites never went to war in canoes, yet natives did ..to the amount of monies that are given to the organization for aboriginal racing, yet there are no groups of First Nations racing in the same sporting events as the whites.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b id="docs-internal-guid-674d7b66-80ec-c1b3-f294-dd360c3cc19e" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dates and Statistics</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Canada 1st Birthday - July 1, 1867</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CanoeKayak Canada founded as The Canadian Canoe Association - 1900</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Canada demonstrates Canoe Racing to the Olympics in 1924</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Canada demonstrates the Colonial War Canoe at the Olympics 2012</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Canada’s 150th Birthday - July 1, 2017</span></div></li></ul><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Illustration/Examples</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wTOo88oBmk0/WbqoXTp9BrI/AAAAAAAAADs/urr1R8LhevcuWrqt3-pH3VkAJ_HwycXTQCEwYBhgL/s1600/image2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="1332" height="190" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wTOo88oBmk0/WbqoXTp9BrI/AAAAAAAAADs/urr1R8LhevcuWrqt3-pH3VkAJ_HwycXTQCEwYBhgL/s640/image2.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">For more than 20 years, CanoeKayak Canada has been keeping track of their own version of war canoe records for both men and women. There are currently seven categories, of which 5 of the 7 records are held by canoe clubs in the Maritimes provinces. </span></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C2pxnaeQCCw/WbqoR3AXa_I/AAAAAAAAADo/F8ajOc6PKU4jiHr4ARUwC0wJVr61BsbXwCEwYBhgL/s1600/image1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="200" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C2pxnaeQCCw/WbqoR3AXa_I/AAAAAAAAADo/F8ajOc6PKU4jiHr4ARUwC0wJVr61BsbXwCEwYBhgL/s1600/image1.png" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the three maritime provinces of Canada, there are fifteen canoe clubs. With the oldest clubs being Banook est. in 1903 and Mic Mac est. in 1922. Despite the obvious of all these Indigenous names, there is no Indigenous input or consultation. For example when you look at the Mic Mac Nova Scotia canoe club, with a typical “Indian” head logo and boasting 90 years. One would assume that this is the Mic Mac First Nation. After all, it appears to be Indigenous, however, this could not be the furthest thing from the truth. In 1922, the Mic Mac First Nation did not authorize this and there are no indigenous initiatives or participants within this club. This is a predominantly white club with no connection to the Indigenous peoples of Canada. </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="208"></col><col width="208"></col><col width="208"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height: 24pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">New Brunswick</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nova Scotia</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Prince Edward Island</span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.kennebecasiskayak.com/" target="_blank">Kennebecasis</a></span></div></li></ul></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><a href="https://yarmouthrecreation.ca/facilities/lake-milo-aquatic-club/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Lake Milo</span></a></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><a href="http://pisiquidcanoeclub.ca/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pisiquid</span></a></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><a href="http://www.abenakiclub.org/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Abenaki</span></a></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://banookcanoeclub.com/" target="_blank">Banook</a></span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.cheema.ca/" target="_blank">Cheema</a></span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/kinapathletics/" target="_blank">Kinap</a></span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://maskwa.ca/" target="_blank">Maskwa</a></span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.micmacaac.com/" target="_blank">Mic Mac</a></span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.orendacanoeclub.com/" target="_blank">Orenda</a></span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.pisiquid.ca/" target="_blank">Pisiquid</a></span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.sackawa.ca/" target="_blank">Sack-a-wa</a></span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.senobe.com/" target="_blank">Senobe</a></span></div></li></ul></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://cfly.ca/canoe/Abegweit.htm" target="_blank">Abegweit</a></span></div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A Table of canoe and kayak clubs in the maritimes. </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;">Additional Provinces include:</b><br /><b style="font-weight: normal;"></b><br /><div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"></div><br /><div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="208"></col><col width="208"></col><col width="208"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height: 24pt;"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Quebec</b></span></span></div></div></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ontario</span></div></div></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">British Columbia</span></div></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/onake.canoeclub" target="_blank">Onake</a></div></div></li></ul></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.campakomak.com/" target="_blank">Ak-O-Mak</a></span></div></div></li></ul></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><a href="http://chinookclub.ca/" target="_blank">Chinook</a></div></div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><b style="font-weight: normal;"></b><br /><div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"></div><br /><div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 0pt; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="208"></col><col width="208"></col><col width="208"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height: 24pt;"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">NWT</span></div></div></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><br /></div></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><a href="http://inuvikqayaqclub.blogspot.com/" style="font-size: medium;" target="_blank">Inuvik Qayaq</a></div></div></li></ul></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><b style="font-weight: normal;">A Table of canoe and kayak clubs in other provinces.&nbsp;</b><br /><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Colonization</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite a tremendous effort of many people to bring this politically incorrect behaviour to the sport organization of CanoeKayak Canada and the Federal Government of Canada. </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UC_JehcJNDo/WbqoMUYxOtI/AAAAAAAAADk/pJ4uVsm3pdI6w9LR7SNrb5STTbl63AXrgCLcBGAs/s1600/image5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="1600" height="318" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UC_JehcJNDo/WbqoMUYxOtI/AAAAAAAAADk/pJ4uVsm3pdI6w9LR7SNrb5STTbl63AXrgCLcBGAs/s640/image5.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CanoeKayak Canada has their own section of War Canoe racing on their website </span><a href="http://canoekayak.ca/go-paddling/war-canoe/" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">http://canoekayak.ca/go-paddling/war-canoe/</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> . Where they write about their own war canoe equipment and they have also made up their own War Canoe “Lingo” for participants to understand while competing in these colonial events. </span><br /><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Azp7bmN_TAg/Wbqpc0PKcLI/AAAAAAAAAD8/45MgEF2m8ds0FRWCO8KuLIzgiTeZlsUnQCLcBGAs/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-09-14%2Bat%2B9.07.20%2BAM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="1600" height="354" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Azp7bmN_TAg/Wbqpc0PKcLI/AAAAAAAAAD8/45MgEF2m8ds0FRWCO8KuLIzgiTeZlsUnQCLcBGAs/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2017-09-14%2Bat%2B9.07.20%2BAM.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia states “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization" target="_blank">Colonization</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”,</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cultural Appropriation </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wQLXUNmf9FU" width="100%"></iframe></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Canadian Olympic Paddler, Hughes Furnell says “Everybody's screaming and you feel like you are in a war and thats why its called war canoe and it's one of the oldest oldest races we do in Canada. ” at the 2013 Summer Games. It is important to note that White people did not go to war in a Canoe and Indigenous Peoples of Canada did. </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CPnXyQbi9fc" width="100%"></iframe></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bear Mountain Boats “In the last video of our sprint racing series, we look at the unique history of war canoe competition in Canada. John Edwards, former Domestic Development Director of CanoeKayak Canada, joins the announcers in the booth for this one.” - </span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/bearmountainboats/videos/10155336709773694/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://www.facebook.com/bearmountainboats/videos/10155336709773694/</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia states “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" target="_blank">Cultural appropriation</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is the adoption or use of the elements of one culture by members of another culture.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cultural Assimilation</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This practice continues today across Canada as seen in the below photograph from the 2014 BC Canoe Kayak Provincial Championships. Where you have a group of First Nations Youth racing at the back of the colonial war canoe of CanoeKayak B.C. From coast to coast, the impact of The Assimilation of Indigenous Canoe/Kayak, within the past 150 years, in the Maritimes all the way to the province of British Columbia. </span><br /><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jHdHU8Hm57I/WbqoE-Id1RI/AAAAAAAAADg/O8908o5hyFoD7BGGlO0rk4c4AEo3P18vwCLcBGAs/s1600/image3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="996" height="244" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jHdHU8Hm57I/WbqoE-Id1RI/AAAAAAAAADg/O8908o5hyFoD7BGGlO0rk4c4AEo3P18vwCLcBGAs/s640/image3.png" width="640" /></a></div><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wikipedia states &nbsp;“</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cultural </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #6a6a6a; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" target="_blank">assimilation</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is the process by which a person's or group's culture come to resemble those of another group.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">”</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sequence of Events</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In my conclusion, I do believe that CanoeKayak Canada has and knowingly continues to participate in colonization, to cultural appropriation to continued assimilation in the sport of Canoe and Kayak racing within Canada. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 2.4; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite being in the Truth and Reconciliation Era, they continue to ignore the historical facts that are commonly known today. CanoeKayak Canada and Sport Canada’s federal department should be doing more to correct this problem, but the reality is complete lack of complying with the TRC recommendations #87-91 Sports and Reconciliation era.</span><br /><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><u>Do you agree that "War Canoe" Racing is a Social Problem in Canada?</u></b></span><br /><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: &quot;arial&quot;; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Please feel free to leave your comments below and thanks for reading.</span></div>War Canoeologyhttps://plus.google.com/117388508133487429931noreply@blogger.com0