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Not the Answer You Want? Take Care in Phrasing the Question

From The Psychiatrist Blog comes news that "witnesses are potentially highly suggestible and words are important"--

In one example participants were shown a 30 second videotape of 2 cars colliding, then they were asked questions about the collision. Some participants were asked "About how fast were the cars going when they hit?’ For other people the word ‘hit’ was replaced by ‘smashed’, ‘collided’, ‘bumped’ or ‘contacted’. These words have very different connotations regarding both the speed and force of impact, and this was reflected in the estimated speeds given.

In one example participants were shown a 30 second videotape of 2 cars colliding, then they were asked questions about the collision. Some participants were asked "About how fast were the cars going when they hit?’ For other people the word ‘hit’ was replaced by ‘smashed’, ‘collided’, ‘bumped’ or ‘contacted’. These words have very different connotations regarding both the speed and force of impact, and this was reflected in the estimated speeds given.

In short, be aware of the connotations of the words you choose. It's an important point not only when you're questioning a witness, but also when you're addressing a jury. Meanwhile, if you're on the other side of the table, be on the alert for objectionable misuses of too much "suggestion." A question about the speed of two cars that had "smashed," for example, would lack foundation if the smashing hadn't yet been established by the witness. The question would also be vague and, perhaps, argumentative.

Thanks to a reader for tipping me off to the post at The Psychiatrist Blog.