Taliban Showing New Willingness On Prisoner Swap

This image provided by IntelCenter on Dec. 8, 2010, shows a frame grab from a video released by the Taliban containing footage of a man believed to be Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl. The 26-year-old Army sergeant was captured by the Taliban more than three years ago.

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Originally published on August 15, 2012 4:14 am

There are new glimmers of hope for the only known U.S. prisoner of war held captive in Afghanistan — 26-year-old Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl, who was captured by the Taliban more than three years ago. After lengthy discussions, it appears his captors may be more receptive than ever before to finding a way to send him home.

Watching Bergdahl in Taliban propaganda videos is heartbreaking. In the first videotape released soon after he disappeared from his forward operating base in Afghanistan in 2009, the young man is wearing a traditional shalwar kameez. He is shown eating, cross-legged on the floor. Then he is prompted, in English, by someone off-camera.

"Well I am scared," Bergdahl begins. "Um ... I am scared I won't be able to go home. It is very unnerving to be a prisoner."

A rooster crows in the background before the camera cuts to another scene.

Bergdahl has appeared in five Taliban propaganda videos. U.S. officials say they believe he is healthy and is being treated relatively well. He is thought to be in the hands of the Haqqani network in northwest Pakistan, which works closely with the Taliban. The Haqqani network is thought to be moving Bergdahl around so U.S. authorities won't be able to find him.

Talks Gain Traction

In the past couple of months, U.S. officials familiar with the talks say the discussions with the Taliban about Bergdahl have found new momentum. The talks had stalled in March after an American serviceman left his base in southern Afghanistan and shot and killed 16 villagers. But in recent months, the Taliban expressed an interest in getting back to where things had left off. One of the key topics of discussion: trading a handful of Taliban prisoners at the Guantanamo Bay for Bergdahl.

Richard Barrett, the coordinator of the U.N.'sal-Qaida and Taliban monitoring team, has been tracking the prisoner discussions. The U.N. is involved because, among other things, the Security Council has leveled travel restrictions against the Taliban leaders who may be part of the swap. The Security Council would have to provide an exemption for the exchange to take place.

"Right now, everyone is waiting on everyone else to make the first move," Barrett says. And even if the discussions were to move forward, which he understands is happening, "it has to wait a little bit on the mechanics being sorted out."

U.S. officials familiar with the discussions say that it is in this area of "mechanics" where there has been the most movement. Broadly, the U.S. has made clear that if the Taliban renounces al-Qaida publicly, other initiatives would be triggered. Among those early plans: a transfer of five Taliban leaders now at Guantanamo Bay to Qatar, where they would be under some sort of house arrest. In exchange for their move out of Guantanamo, the Taliban would have to get the Haqqani network to release Bergdahl.

'Number Of Moving Pieces'

U.S. officials say this proposal was floated in March. What appears to have changed is the Taliban's receptiveness to it.

James Cunningham, the U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan, tiptoed around the issue in a roundtable with reporters in Kabul.

"How shall I put this? We see reflections," he said of moves by the Taliban. "There are a number of moving pieces that are possible. We haven't made any decisions in any way, shape, or form as far as I know, about any transfers."

To prepare for those decisions, there need to be understandings and groundwork laid. As envisioned now, if there were to be a swap, it would include the Taliban's former ministers of defense, interior and intelligence, all of whom have been in Guantanamo for the past decade. There are a dozen other Afghan detainees at the military prison, but only these key political leaders of the Taliban are the focus of current discussions.

"These are really important people and I think it would be more than symbolic," says the U.N.'s Barrett. "They would be under house arrest, but they could be joined by their families and so on. There would be an office there in Qatar and presumably they would be in communication with their Taliban friends. You could argue that their release could give a boost to the movement. Whether it was a boost toward peace or a boost toward war that would remain to be seen."

A Change Of Heart

Clearly that is one of the many things left to be worked out. The hope is that the prisoner release would just be the beginning. The thought is that confidence-building measure would lead to broader talks between the U.S. and the Taliban and would eventually pave the way for the one thing that is required for lasting peace in Afghanistan: formal reconciliation talks between the Taliban and the Afghan government.

U.S. officials say they aren't sure why the Taliban has shown this sudden change of heart. They say the Taliban may now have a better idea of what the future of its country looks like — there are now a U.S.-Afghan strategic partnership agreement, global backing of Afghanistan and a realization that the U.S. will still have a role in Afghanistan after 2014. That might be a future of which it wants to be a part.

Barrett says the prisoner swap and what follows it won't be easy for either side. Both have a careful calculus to make.

"It is that casting of an agreement as victory, or at least not defeat, that is really important for both sides," he said.

Even if both can eventually declare victory, there is another wild card: how trading five Taliban leaders for America's only known prisoner of war will be received by both the Afghan and the American people.

Copyright 2012 National Public Radio. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.

Transcript

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

There are new glimmers of hope for a U.S. prisoner of war captured in Afghanistan more than three years ago. The soldier's name is Bowe Bergdahl. He's a 26-year-old Army sergeant from Idaho who was taken by the Taliban.

As NPR's Dina Temple-Raston reports, his captors appear to be more receptive to finding a way to bring him home, and it may involve a prisoner swap.

DINA TEMPLE-RASTON, BYLINE: America's only known prisoner of war sounds like this...

(SOUNDBITE OF VIDEOTAPE)

SERGEANT BOWE BERGDAHL: Well, I am scared. I'm scared I won't be able to go home.

TEMPLE-RASTON: This is from a videotape of Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl soon after the Taliban captured him in 2009.

(SOUNDBITE OF VIDEO)

BERGDAHL: It is very unnerving to be a prisoner.

TEMPLE-RASTON: Bergdahl has appeared in five Taliban propaganda videos. U.S. officials say they believe he's healthy and is being treated relatively well. And while there's been a steady stream of discussions to win his release, in the past couple of months, officials say, the talks have found new momentum. Negotiations stalled in March, but more recently the Taliban has expressed an interest in getting back to where they'd left off. And one of the key topics of discussion: trading Taliban prisoners for Sergeant Bergdahl.

RICHARD BARRETT: So my name is Richard Barrett and I'm the coordinator of the United Nations al-Qaida and Taliban monitoring team.

TEMPLE-RASTON: Barrett has been involved in some of the discussions on behalf of the United Nations. The U.N. is involved because, among other things, the Security Council has travel restrictions against the Taliban leaders who may be part of the swap. And this is how Barrett sees the discussion.

BARRETT: Everyone's waiting on everybody else to make the first move. I mean, and it has to wait a little bit on the mechanics being sorted out.

TEMPLE-RASTON: And those mechanics are where there's been movement. Broadly(ph), the U.S. has said that if the Taliban renounces al-Qaida publicly, that would trigger other initiatives, including a plan to transfer five Taliban leaders now at Guantanamo Bay to Qatar, where they would be under house arrest. In exchange, the Taliban would release Bergdahl. U.S. officials say this proposal was floated in March. What's changed is the Taliban's receptiveness to it.

JAMES CUNNINGHAM: How shall I put this? We see reflections.

TEMPLE-RASTON: That's James Cunningham, the U.S. ambassador in Kabul.

CUNNINGHAM: There are a number of moving pieces that are possible. We haven't made any decisions in any way, shape, or form as far as I know, about any transfers.

TEMPLE-RASTON: No decisions about the transfers, but a lot of groundwork has been laid. As envisioned now, the swap would include the Taliban's former ministers of defense, interior and intelligence, all of whom have been in Guantanamo for the past decade.

BARRETT: These are really important people and I think it's more than symbolic.

TEMPLE-RASTON: Again, U.N.'s Richard Barrett.

BARRETT: They'd be joined by their families and so on. There would be an office there. They'd be in communication with their Taliban friends. And then you could argue that actually they would give a boost to the movement. Whether it was a boost towards peace or whether it's a boost towards more war, well, that would remain to be seen.

TEMPLE-RASTON: The hope is that the prisoner release would lead to talks between the U.S. and Taliban and would eventually pave the way for the one thing that is required for peace in Afghanistan: formal reconciliation talks between the Taliban and the Afghan government. U.S. officials say they aren't sure why the Taliban has had this sudden change of heart. They say the Taliban may now have a better idea of what the future of their country looks like and they want to be a part of it. Barrett says the prisoner swap and what follows won't be easy because both sides have a careful calculus to make.

BARRETT: And of course it's that casting an agreement as victory, or at least not defeat, which is really important to both sides.

TEMPLE-RASTON: And even if both can eventually declare victory, it's unclear how trading five Taliban leaders for America's only known prisoner of war will be received. Dina Temple-Raston, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.