live in a community, males stay at maturation and females leave, females form strong bonds with other females

bonobos

technological model of birth

core value of western obstetrics; model that treats the body as a machine.

Agricultural Revolution

term coined by V.G. Childe; refers to beginnings of food production caused by drought and close associations bwtn animals, humans, plants

Gloger's Rule

The rule that populations of birds and mammals living in warm, humid climates have more melanin (and therefore darker skin, fur, or feathers) than populations of the same species living in cooler, drier areas.

specialized

a trait that's limited to a narrow set of functions

Japanese racism

intrinsic racism - the valued group is "pure" Japanese who share the same blood - the "not us" should stay that way & assimilation is not encouraged

eats grubs out of tree with long finger

aye aye

Meat and sharing

Meat contributes to 30% of the calorie intake of the !Kung. There is a huge social distribution (a feast) when harvested in large quantities. A heavy dependence on meat makes sharing a necessity.

Our minds:

are still tuned to the danger of the past. A snake is scarier to us than a car when in reality cars a far more fatal than snakes this day and age.

do not control groups economic resources or exercise political power as they do in other societies, and there is little social stratification; highly egalitarian; must use persuasion and personal influence rather than by coercion or withholding resources; no police force, military, or definitive authority

name the 5 premises of a colonial society:

1. there are DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE 2.one group i sNATURALLY SUPERIOR to the others 3. therefor inequalities are the inevitable result of natural differences4. the presence of expatriates is because of their honorable and altruistic motives.5. the actions of said expatriates are beneficial to the natives

Otumba

...

Enculturation

f

global apatheid

Amok

(Malaysia) Kill wildly

judaism, christianity, islam

abrahamic religions

passing

an individual changing ethnicity

Artifacts

Objects shaped by humans (intentionally or incidentally) that make their culture material and reflect their ideas or needs

Summarize Jared Diamond's argument about race. Why does skin color seem to be such an obvious and commonsensical way to make distinctions among people when in fact skin color does not determine racial categories? Explain. Be sure to discuss his examples i

the magnetic polarity recorded in ancient sediments. reversed or normal direction in used to correlate with the geomagnetic polarity time scale to infer an age for a site

Ethnoelimination

The cultural study of bathroom behavior. Privacy, masculinity, and coolness

macroevolution

origin and diversification of species over many generations

Paleospecies

Species identified from fossil remains based on their physical similarities and differences relative to other species.
Intraspecific (within a species) vs. interspecific (comparing other species) variation.

Power

- Michael Foucault
- Demonstrated by how social structures reinforce and legitimate each other
- Relationship between surveillance or discipline and the organization of prisons

Reification:

Treating something abstract as if existed as a real, tangible thing.

PEACEMAKERS

Individuals with a specialized social role of preventing conflict from reupting into dangerous combat.

race, nationality, religion, political opinion, membership in a certain group

refugee ceiling

cum

with; combined with; along with (usually used in combination):

ecological intelligence

hominid intelligence and brain size increase is thought to be a result of benefits of navigating and foraging in a complex tropical forest ecosystem

Dialects

Variations in a single language based on factors such as region, subculture, ethnic identity, and socioeconomic class.

Matrilineal

Follows a female line, only daughters can pass on the family line to offspring

allele

alternative form of gene that occurs at a given locus

Cultural hybridization

the mixing and reconfiguring of elements from different cultural traditions

How has globalization changed the way in which contemporary cultural anthropologists conduct their studies? To illustrate your answer explain: 1) how globalization is affecting the !Kung as described by Shostak and as depicted in the film "N!ai: The story

...

Taboo

An inhibition or ban resulting from social custom or emotional aversion

TRANSHUMANCE

Seasonal movement of people with their livestock over relatively short distances, typically higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter

what types of communications are universal, according to Brian Fagan, author of Clash of Cultures

facial expressions

Middle Mississippian sites typically DID NOT have which of the following?A) Draft animalsB) Chiefdom level social complexityC) Earthen moundsD) PalisadesE) Artifacts of the Southern Ceremonial Complex

A) Draft animals

Mutation

a change in the genetic code. Mutations are the ultimate source of ALL genetic variation.

Can occur in any cell of the body, but must occur in a sex cell to be of evolutionary importance

Types of mutation:

• Substitution = one DNA base is changed for another

• Addition = the addition of a single base or larger section of DNA

• Deletion = the loss of a single base or larger section DNA

finite

having bounds or limits; not infinite; measurable.

horticulture

a mode of livelihood based on growing domesticated crops in gardens, using simple hand tools.

Matrifocal Family

Family Group consisting of a mother and her children, with a male only loosely attached or not present at all

abstract nouns

a noun that refers to something without a concrete form (love, greed, hate, poverty, war, disease)

turned or turning away from what is right or proper; willful; disobedient:

Configurationalism (emic)

Believe in the cultures, but said that the history of that culture created a pattern of functioning cultural behavior. (Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead)

contagious magic

things that are at one point in contact will always be in contact after connection is severed

What extraordinary attributes do !Kung healers have?

- Shostak pp. 259-308

language dispersal hypothesis

theory that the spread of agriculture across Euro= result of a migration of farmers who spoke Indo-Euro languages

Steroscopic

Eyes on the side of the head instead of facing foreward.

Raised fields separated by canals in a lake or swampy ground are known as ______________.A) chinampasB) ciudadelasC) comalesD) danzantesE) adosadas

A) chinampas

droop

to sag, sink, bend, or hang down, as from weakness, exhaustion, or lack of support.

Key cultural consultants

An expert on a particular aspect of local life who helps the ethnographer understand that aspect.

the site shows influences on later Indus Valley civilization.

Mehrgarh is important because

The largest single earthen mound north of Mesoamerica is _______________ at the site of __________________.A) Monks' Mound; CahokiaB) Monks' Mound; MoundvilleC) Mound A; CahokiaD) Mound A; OculgeeE) Mound C; Etowah

A) Monks' Mound; Cahokia

The double transverse arch structure of the human foot serves what purpose?

It works as a shock absorber.

the climate warmed and they adapted better to life on the tundra

Hunter-gatherer populations in Siberia eventually spread into Alaska as

What characterizes graves at the Norris Farm site in western Illinois?A) Elaborate burial mounds replete with luxury goods that signify elite statusB) Evidence of violence, suggesting endemic warfareC) Graves are located beneath vacated longho

B) Evidence of violence, suggesting endemic warfare

across the lower 48 states, northern Mexico, and parts of Canada.

Clovis complex material has been found

research showing rapid adoption of English and loss of Spanish by 2nd and 3rd generations and Leo Chavez's research on Mexican and Anglo fertility

Leo Chavez's research on Mexican and Anglo fertility

according to the AAA (American Anthropological Association) Statement on "race"

race is a cultural term to identify different histories, languages, etc

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Term:

Ethnomedicine

Definition:

study or comparison of the traditional medicine practiced by various ethnic groups, and especially by indigenous peoples. The word ethnomedicine is sometimes used as a synonym for traditional medicine.

East Harlem, also known as Spanish Harlem and El Barrio, is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan, New York City roughly encompassing the area north of 96th Street and east of Fifth Avenue to the East and Harlem Rivers.