A caregiver who is overattentive to the child and overly willing to comply with health care workers

A caregiver who is a nurse or who works in the health care field

V­ictims of Munchausen syndrome by proxy have to go through unnecessary tests and treatments that can be painful or even dangerous. Because the caregiver seems so genuinely concerned, it's often hard for doctors to spot the problem before it's too late. This difficulty discerning Munchausen syndrome by proxy from real illness has led to a number of false allegations against parents.

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In the 1990s, Dr. David Southall of England conducted an experiment using hidden video surveillance in hospital rooms to catch those suspected of having Munchausen syndrome by proxy. His video cameras captured horrifying images of mothers smothering and poisoning their children. Of the 39 suspected abusers he videotaped, 34 were captured on tape hurting their children and five later admitted to killing their children.

Although Southall was hailed as a champion of children in some­ circles, he was vilified as an enemy of mothers in others. A number of parents were sent to prison, and some say falsely accused, based on evidence he provided. In 2004, Southall was found guilty of serious professional misconduct after falsely accusing a man of murdering his children, and was temporarily banned from working with child abuse victims.

Munchausen in the Media

Considering the dramatic nature of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, it's no wonder the condition has been mentioned in movies, TV shows, and even song lyrics. Here are just a few:

"The Sixth Sense" -- Haley Joel Osment's character in the 1999 film meets a dead girl who shows him a videotape of her mother poisoning her.

"The X-Files" -- Mulder and Scully investigate a possible case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

"ER" --­ Luka discovers that a patient's mother might be the cause of the child's repeated medical procedures. When the doctors set the mother up with a bottle that supposedly contains peroxide, they are able to catch her in the act.

In his 2002 song, "Cleaning Out My Closet," rapper Eminem accuses his mother of having Munchausen syndrome by proxy with the lyrics: "Going through public housing systems, victim of Munchausen syndrome. My whole life I was made to believe I was sick when I wasn't…"