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Characterization of chemicals released to the environment by electronic cigarettes use (ClearStream-AIR project): is passive vaping a reality?

Electronic cigarettes (e-CIG) have been marketed as a safer alternative habit to tobacco
smoking. We have developed a group of research protocols to evaluate the effects of e-CIG on human
health, called ClearStream. No studies have adequately evaluated the effects of e-CIG use on the release of chemicals to the environment. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the chemicals released on a closed environment from the use of e-CIG (ClearStream-AIR).

Methods

A 60 m3 closed-room was used for the experiment. Two sessions were organized, the first using
5 smokers and the second using 5 users of e-CIG. Both sessions lasted 5 h. Between sessions, the room was cleaned and ventilated for 65 h. Smokers used cigarettes containing 0.6 mg of nicotine while e-CIG users used commercially available liquid (FlavourArt) with nicotine concentration of 11 mg/ml. We measured total organic carbon (TOC), toluene, xylene, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx ), nicotine, acrolein, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) glycerin and propylene glycol levels on the air of the room.

Passive vaping is expected from the use of e-CIG. However, the quality and quantity of
chemicals released to the environment are by far less harmful for the human health compared to regular tobacco cigarettes. Evaporation instead of burning, absence of several harmful chemicals from the liquids and absence of sidestream smoking from the use of the e-CIG are probable reasons for the difference in results.