1. Cultural control measures of Rice Root-Knot nematode includes continuous flooding, raising the rice seedlings in flooded soils, and crop rotation. These practices will help prevent root invasion by the nematodes.

2. Soil solarization, bare fallow period and planting cover crops such as sesame and cowpea has been reported to decrease nematodes. Rotation crop like marigold (Tagetes sp.) is also effective in lowering root knot nematode populations because of its nematicidal properties.

1. Rice Root-Knot Nematode can be detected when plants are uprooted as it causes swellings and galls throughout the root system. Infected root tips become swollen and hooked, a symptom which is especially characteristic of this nematode.

2. In upland conditions and shallow intermittently flooded land it can cause severe growth reduction, unfilled spikelets, reduced tillering, chlorosis, wilting and poor yield. Symptoms often appear as patches in a field.

1. Symptoms appear on leaves of young plants, after planting out, as pale-green to grey-green, water-soaked streaks near the leaf tip and margins. These lesions coalesce and become yellowish-white with wavy edges.

2. The whole leaf may eventually be affected, becoming whitish or greyish and then dying. Leaf sheaths and culms of more susceptible cultivars may be attacked.

1. Spikes infected by E. oryzae become somewhat mummified with partially formed buds and, in time, become darker in colour and more stromatic as conidial acervuli develop on the surface. When wet, these conidial acervuli appear gelatinous and produce a saucer-shaped fructification bearing a palisade of conidiophores.

1. Symptoms become evident on infected grains after flowering: a grain turns into a large velvety mass (pseudomorph). The pseudomorphs are small to more than 1 cm in diameter, and enclose the floral parts. The colour changes from silvery-white to orange-yellow to olive-green when mature.

Control measures of Foot Rot Bakanae disease include cultural and chemical control measures.

Cultural practices: Clean seeds should be used to minimize the occurrence of the disease. Salt water can be used to separate lightweight, infected seeds from seed lots and thereby reduce seed borne inoculum.