cent, on the calcined, and richer stock, the cost of a strong mill iron containing, according to the ores used, from 0.10 per cent, to 1,71 per cent. Phosphorus, will be as follows:
2¼ tons Ore at $5.20 $11.70
1 1/5 tons Stone at 80 cents 96
1 ½ tons Coke at $2.80 4.20
Labor 2.75
Materials 92
$20.53
Bessemer, soft foundry, or a red short forge iron, made from various proportions of picked and calcined Virginia hematites, limonites, and titaniferous magnetites, worth an average of $5.60 per ton:
2 tons Ore at $5.60 $11.20
1 ton Stone at 80cts 80
l½ tons Coke at $2.80 4.20
Labor 3.00
Materials 1.00
$20.20
Iron made exclusively from African ores:
1 5/8 tons Ore at $11.50 $18.36
5/8 tons Stone at 80cts 50
1 ¼ tons Coke at $2.80 3.50
Labor 2.10
Materials 60
$25.06
The preceding estimates are based .on the actual work done at a furnace near Cumberland, and represent the maximum cost of the iron in every instance ; proving conclusively that Cumberland can manufacture iron from $3.00 to $4.00 per ton cheaper than Pittsburgh, where the cost of production, from a mixture of mill cinder and lake ore is about $24.00 at present. With a superior coal no more expensive, the excellent Mount Savage and Savage Mountain fire-brick from five to six dollars per thousand less costly, and labor a trifle lower than in Pittsburgh, wrought iron can be manufactured at a proportional reduction in cost.

Estimating the loss of metal from pig to the finished product at 15 per cent, the necessary fuel consumed in puddling and heating at two tons, and the fettling at 2251bs of ore per net ton of