A global thermostat?

Global Thermostat sounds too good to be true: It’s a startup company that aims to address the threat of climate change by capturing carbon dioxide from the air, and then making productive use of it.

The CO2 could be used to help plants grow faster in greenhouses, as a feedstock for algae, for enhanced oil production, as an ingredient in bottling plants, as a natural refrigerant, or as a circulating fluid in a geothermal energy installation.

“We’ve faced skepticism about the solution because it’s so radical,” says Graciela Chichilnisky, a co-founder and managing director of Global Thermostat. But, she says, a carbon negative solution to the climate crisis will be needed “to contain rising levels of atmospheric carbon because we procrastinated too long and carbon emissions reductions do not suffice.”

There are several reasons to take Global Thermostat seriously. First, it’s more than an idea–to test the idea, the company opened a pilot plant in October at SRI International in Menlo Park, CA. SRI is a big research institute, which works for governments, FORTUNE 500 companies and startups.

Second, its founders–Chichilnisky and Peter Eisenberger–have impressive pedigrees. A Columbia University professor, Chichilnisky founded a pair of successful tech companies, helped design the carbon market under the Kyoto Protocol and has advanced degrees including a PhD. in math from MIT and a PhD. in economics from Berkeley. (She’s also been involved in a series of lawsuits against Columbia alleging gender bias, but that’s another story.) Eisenberger, who founded the Columbia Earth Institute (before Jeffrey Sachs), has been an executive at Bell Laboratories and Exxon, a physics professor at Princeton and vice-provost at Columbia. He has a PhD. in physics from Harvard.

Global Thermostat's pilot plant

Third, prominent backers and partners lend heft to the venture. A team of Georgia Tech professors, working with SRI and Eisenberger, reported this summer that they will be able to use relatively low-temperature steam heat to separate CO2 from solid materials known as amines–a key second step in the capture and separation process. (Here’s a press release from Georgia Tech describing their work.) Summit Power, a well-established developer of power plants, is assisting Global Thermostat’s commercialization process, with an eye towards using GT in a “clean coal” project in Texas that has $350 million in backing from the U.S. Department of Energy. Carmagen Engineering is providing consulting service, and Chemicals giant BASF and ceramics firm Corning are lending their technology as well.

Financial backing, meanwhile, comes from Edgar Bronfman Jr., the chairman and CEO of Warner Music Group, who is executive chairman of Global Thermostat. The company is a family affair, it turns out–Edgar’s son Benjamin is a strategic advisor, as is Chichilnisky’s daughter Natasha and Eisenberger’s son Nicholas, a lawyer and entrepreneur who has built a career of his own as a sustainability consultant.

I spoke recently with Peter Eisenberger and Chichilnisky about the company. As best as I can understand it as a non-scientist, their technology uses molecules called amines which pull CO2 out of the air and bind to them; then low-temperature steam heat is used to separate the amines from the CO2. This second step is crucial to the firm’s business model, because lots of low-cost or no-cost steam heat is available as a waste product from power plants or industrial processes. This keeps costs down and permits GT’s facilities to be located just about anywhere

Peter Eisenberger

near steam heat, or next to a new power plant, to make that plant carbon neutral or better. Combining a GT facility with a solar thermal power plant, for example, could create a “carbon negative” source of power because the sun’s heat would be used create electricity and extract CO2 from the air.

Eisenberger told me:

What we are really doing is closing the carbon cycle. We’re taking CO2 that we’ve used to make energy or chemicals, and taking it back, and making a product.

Chichilnisky, who has worked on a UN climate treaty for years and written a book called Saving Kyoto, say the deadlock in the global climate negotiations won’t be broken untill the U.S., China and other nations find ways to decouple economic growth and carbon pollution. That’s why a “carbon negative” approach is needed, she says:

The only way we will be able to get China and the US to agree on limits is if they had a way to continue to running their economies without growing carbon emissions. It’s the only solution.

Other scientists, including David Keith of the University of Calgary, are working on technologies to capture carbon from ambient air (as opposed to from the smokestacks of power plants). Keith’s startup is called Carbon Engineering.

Unlike other forms of geoengineering, direct air capture would not require directly intervening in the earth’s biosphere or oceans

“This has, essentially, no side effects, no risks,” Eisenberger says. “We simply clean up the CO2 that we put out.”

Of course, Global Thermostat has a long way to go before commercialization becomes possible. Cost is, obviously, a big issue. It’s not clear how much demand there is for CO2, and how much companies will pay for it.

The business prospects for the company would improve dramatically with a global carbon market because polluting companies would then pay Global Thermostat to offset their emissions. But Eisenberger says:

Our business model explicitly does not depend upon such carbon credits. Rather we have identified markets where our ability to locate near where the CO2 will be used [makes] our technology economic from day one.

just finding this after hearing them present in Montreal. Guess what? 5 years after your ignorant rant against them and a blind stab at the government and…Global Thermostat is still up and running and, as I understand it, has yet to receive any funding from the government. But yes, by all means, blindly take another swing at the government that has done more for REAL growth in your economy than any other over the past 15+ years. By all means, swing away. Just be careful, something tells me you might hit yourself with your follow-through.

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[…] to efficiently remove CO2 from the atmosphere. The others are Global Thermostat (see my blogpost A Global Thermostat?) and Carbon Engineering. All three have their roots in academia, and each is pursuing its own […]