believed in discontinuity which is a qualitative change.
children actively constuct their understading of the world and go through four states of cognitive development- sensorimotor, peroperational, concrete operational and formal stages

B.F. Skinner

operant conditioning the consequences of behavior produce changes in the probabilty of the behavior's occurance. good behavior= reward, more likely to happen again. bad behavior= consequence, less likely to happen again.

Bandura

leading architects of social cognitive theory. most recent model of learning and development includes three elements: behavior, the person/cognitive, and the environment.

Urie Bronfenbrenner

ecological theory- environmental systems theory holds that development reflects the influence of several environmental systems.

Konrad Lorenz

studied imprinting in goslings.

Vygotsky

social constructivist approach- temphasizes the social contexts of learning and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed.

argues that on average older adults often show less capactiy for change in the sense of learning new things than younger adults.
characteristis-
1) development is lifelong
2)multidirectional
3)happens in context
4) multidimensional
5)multidisciplinary

Ainsworth

an affectional bond between two people binding them together and enduring over time. specific and discrimin ating. can be attached to more than one person at a time

Harlow

primetologist- studied monkies. challenged freud

Lifespan perspective

The perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual: involves growth, maintenance, and regularion; and is constructed through biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together.

discontinuous development

caterpillar to butterfly

theory

An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain and make predictions

hypothesis

specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine their accuracy.

plasticity

ability to remake themselves, maleable. people with a stroke- promote positive change.

ethological

ecological

behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by cricical or sensitiv periods

describe development as primarily unconcious and heavily colored by emotion. Behavior is merely a surface characteristic, and the sumbolic workings of the mind have to be analyzed to understand behavior. Early experiences with parents are emphasized.

cognitive developmental

The theory that children's gender typing occurs after they have developed a concept of gender. Once the consistently conceive of themselves as male of remale. children often organize their world on the basis of gender.

information processing

Emphasizes that indicidual manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. Central to this theory are the processes of memory and thinking.

cross-sectional studies

a reserach strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time.

longitudal studies

a research strategy in whic the same individual are studed ocer a period of tim, usually several years or more.

independant variable

dependant variable

manipulated, influencial, experimental factor. It is a potential cause.

a factor that can change in the experiment, in response to changes in the independent variable.