This appendix contain a step-by-step description of the methodology used by Maciejewski et al. to create Fig. 2 (Institutional/Spatial scale mismatch vs. loss in resilience)

Step 1: Define element A (institutional level) and B (spatial scale) for a particular scenario in a particular system.

For example, endemic species in the Galapagos are being outcompeted by invasive species introduced by vessels delivering tourists to the Islands. This leads to changes in ecosystem communities, structure and function, which in turn affects the "quality" of nature on offer to tourists.

We repeated the above process for all scenarios in Table 1, and plotted this scale-mismatch ratio against resilience lost (subjectively scored against the defined scale), to produce the plot seen in Fig. 2.