Thus, it has to be considered, that in the case of ADHD, THC can have a typical effects and can even lead to an enhanced driving related performance.

7 STARS

3

Alzheimer's Disease

anti-inflammatory

THC

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25024327

These sets of data strongly suggest that THC could be a potential therapeutic treatment option for Alzheimer's disease through multiple functions and pathways.

5 STARS

4

Neuroprotective

CBD

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00109-005-0025-1

These results provide new molecular insight regarding the neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol and suggest its possible role in the pharmacological management of AD, especially in view of its low toxicity in humans.

CBN was delivered via subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini‐pumps (5 mg/kg/day) over a period of up to 12 weeks. We found that this treatment significantly delays disease onset by more than two weeks while survival was not affected. Further research is necessary to determine whether non‐psychotropic cannabinoids might be useful in ameliorating symptoms in ALS.

5 STARS

6

Amyloidosis Symptoms

Antioxidant properties

Alpha Bisabolol

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928098711002946

These findings show that (−)-α-bisabolol is able to decrease oxidative stress and inflammatory event associated with the lesions induced by ethanol.

6 STARS

7

Terpineol

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691511001487

α-Terpineol presented good antioxidant activity in ORAC test.

8

CBG

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28348416

Based on its antioxidant activities, CBG may hold great promise as an anti-oxidant agent and therefore used in clinical practice as a new approach in oxidative-stress related disorders.

5 STARS

9

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/314/2/780.short

This study provides the first demonstration of CBD as an in vivo neuroprotectant and shows the efficacy of lipophilic antioxidants in preventing binge ethanol-induced brain injury.

These patients illustrate the potential therapeutic use of cannabis in seizure disorders or anorexia. The route of administration (inhaled or buccal) avoids the first-pass effect associated with pill formulations and presents higher levels of cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) to the endocannabinoid system in the frontal and insular cortex.

7 STARS

12

Appetite Loss

boosts appetite

CBN

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22543671

This is the first time cannabinol has been shown to increase feeding. Therefore, cannabinol could, in the future, provide an alternative to the currently used and psychotropic ∆(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-based medicines since cannabinol is currently considered to be non-psychotropic.

5 STARS

13

Delta (8)-THC

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15099912

Thus, delta(8)-THC (0.001 mg/kg) caused increased food consumption and tendency to improve cognitive function, without cannabimimetic side effects. Hence, a low dose of THC might be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of weight disorders.

14

THC

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725802002577

The same effect is observed in animals and in humans with the psychotropic plant cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, which is an approved appetite-enhancing drug.

15

Asthma

anti-asthma

Alpha Pinene / Beta Pinene

http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1104848

The oxidation products (OPs) of ozone and the unsaturated hydrocarbons d-limonene, (+)-alpha-pinene, and isoprene have previously been shown to cause upper airway irritation in mice during 30-min acute exposures.

This may be important in the context of the etiology or exacerbation of lower airway symptoms in office workers, or of occupational asthma in workers involved in industrial cleaning operations.

7 STARS

16

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12122569

The oxidation products (OPs) of ozone and the unsaturated hydrocarbons d-limonene, (+)-alpha-pinene, and isoprene have previously been shown to cause upper airway irritation in mice during 30-min acute exposures.

This may be important in the context of the etiology or exacerbation of lower airway symptoms in office workers, or of occupational asthma in workers involved in industrial cleaning operations.

5 STARS

17

Geraniol

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27117312

The oxidation products (OPs) of ozone and the unsaturated hydrocarbons d-limonene, (+)-alpha-pinene, and isoprene have previously been shown to cause upper airway irritation in mice during 30-min acute exposures.

This may be important in the context of the etiology or exacerbation of lower airway symptoms in office workers, or of occupational asthma in workers involved in industrial cleaning operations.

18

Arthritis

Antiinflammatory

CBD

http://www.pnas.org/content/97/17/9561.short

Taken together, these data show that CBD, through its combined immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, has a potent anti-arthritic effect in CIA.

5 STARS

19

Autism

neutralizes seizures and self-directed rages.

THC

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886592

These responses appeared to be enhanced by the prototypic cannabinoid, Δ(9)-THC. MDMA and MPTP at the doses used did not modify SWR behavior in the BTBR mice whereas MPTP reduced SWR activity in the control CB57BL/6J mice. In the hippocampus, striatum and frontal cortex, the levels of DA and 5-HT and their metabolites were differentially altered in the BTBR and C57BL/6J mice. Our data provides a basis for further studies in evaluating the role of the cannabinoid and monoaminergic systems in the etiology of ASDs.

5 STARS

20

Bacteria

Anti-bacterial

CBD

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00399444?LI=true

The minimum inhibiting concentrations (MIC) of Ag-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) for staphylococci and streptococci in broth are in the range of 1-5 pg/ml. In the same range, both compounds are also bactericidal.

5 STARS

21

CBN

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18681481

Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) has long been known to contain antibacterial cannabinoids, whose potential to address antibiotic resistance has not yet been investigated. All five major cannabinoids (cannabidiol (1b), cannabichromene (2), cannabigerol (3b), Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (4b), and cannabinol (5)) showed potent activity against a variety of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains of current clinical relevance.

22

CBG

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/np8002673?src=recsys

Evidence that pre-cannabidiol (1a) is a powerful plant antibiotic was, nevertheless, obtained,(4) and more recent investigations have demonstrated, to various degrees, antibacterial activity for the nonpsychotropic cannabinoids cannabichromene (CBC, 2),(5) cannabigerol (CBG, 3b),(6) and cannabidiol (1b),(7) as well as for the psychotropic agent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 4b).

4 STARS

23

Bone related diseases

stimulate bone formation

Delta 3 Carene

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.2247/epdf

In conclusion, 3-carene can stimulate mineralizationby the induction of osteoblast mineralization-relatedgenes such as osteopontin and type I collagen thesegenes via the induction/activation of MAP kinases inpart.

Taken together, these results reveal that NB strongly potentiates SeC-induced apoptosis in cancer cells by enhancement of cellular uptake and activation of ROS-mediated DNA damage. NB could be further developed as a chemosensitizer of SeC in treatment of human cancers.

5 STARS

25

CBD

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.010/full

These results also indicate that CBD can be used as a novel therapeutic option to inhibit growth and metastasis of highly aggressive breast cancer subtypes including TNBC, which currently have limited therapeutic options and are associated with poor prognosis and low survival rates.

26

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/308/3/838.short

In conclusion, the nonpsychoactive CBD was able to produce a significant antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting a possible application of CBD as an antineoplastic agent.

27

CBDA

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378427412012854

The data presented in this report suggest for the first time that as an active component in the cannabis plant, CBDA offers potential therapeutic modality in the abrogation of cancer cell migration, including aggressive breast cancers.

Our findings clearly demonstrate that TPO is a potent antiproliferative agent for brain tumour cells and may have potential as an anticancer agent

31

Terpineol

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21540069

Thus, antioxidant potential of three monoterpenoids (carvone, perillyl alcohol, and α-terpineol) was measured using two methods: DPPH and ORAC. Also, the antiproliferative effect of these monoterpenoids against nine cancerous cell lines were performed and compared to limonene and doxorubicin. Results showed that all samples tested had very low antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, but α-terpineol (2.72μmolTrolox equiv./μmol) could be compared to commercial antioxidants in the ORAC assay.

6 STARS

32

THC

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6985702?dopt=Abstract

We conclude that THC is an effective antiemetic in many patients who receive chemotherapy for cancer and for whom other antiemetics are ineffective. (N Engl J Med 302:135--138, 1980).

In obese humans, it causes weight reduction. Very little is known about the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the cannabinoids in feeding and appetite.

7 STARS

35

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725802002577

In obese humans, it causes weight reduction. Very little is known about the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the cannabinoids in feeding and appetite.

5 STARS

36

Colitis / Ulcerative Colitis

relieves the pain and inflammation

CBG

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168365903004152

In conclusion, ethosomes enable CBD's skin permeation and its accumulation in a depot at levels that demonstrate the potential of transdermal CBD to be used as an anti-inflammatory treatment.

Although the primary end point of the study (induction of remission) was not achieved, a short course (8 weeks) of THC-rich cannabis produced significant clinical, steroid-free benefits to 10 of 11 patients with active Crohn's disease, compared with placebo, without side effects.

9 STARS

39

Depression

stabilize moods and ease depression

Caryophyllene

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24930711

Most importantly, pre-administration of the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630, fully abrogated the anxiolytic and the anti-depressant effects of BCP. Taken together, these preclinical results suggest that CB2 receptors may provide alternative therapeutic targets for the treatment of anxiety and depression. The possibility that BCP may ameliorate the symptoms of these mood disorders offers exciting prospects for future studies.

5 STARS

40

CBD

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27010632

These results suggest that CBD may be beneficial for the treatment of clinical depression and other states with prominent anhedonia.

Our results indicate that linalool and β-pinene produce an antidepressant-like effect through interaction with the monoaminergic system.

45

THC

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091305710000730

Results of this study show that ∆9-THC and other cannabinoids exert antidepressant-like actions, and thus may contribute to the overall mood-elevating properties of cannabis.

46

Diabetes

regulate production of insulin

CBG

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27767974

Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid, derived from the plant, Cannabis sativa, was shown to lower the incidence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model of spontaneous T1D development.

5 STARS

47

THCV

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/10/1777

THCV could represent a new therapeutic agent in glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

We report the effect of CBD on dystonia secondary to Sinemet in parkinsonism, a DISORDER thought to be a relative contraindication for cannabinoids (D.Moss et al, Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1981, 1984). The patient, a 42-year- old man with an 8-year history of parkinsonism, developed peak-dose dyskinesia about 4 years ago and action dystonia affecting all limbs more recently. Trihexyphenidyl and bromocriptine each produced only slight improvement.

10 STARS

49

eliminate nightmares

reduce stress, tension and anxiety

CBD

https://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v36/n6/full/npp20116a.html

The increase in anxiety induced by the SPST on subjects with SAD was reduced with the use of CBD, resulting in a similar response as the HC.

8 STARS

50

Linalool

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091305711002954

These results suggest that inhalation of linalool oxide may be a useful means of counteracting anxiety.

5 STARS

51

Epilepsy

regulate seizure

CBD

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105913111200057X

In the penicillin model, CBD (≥10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the percentage mortality as a result of seizures; CBD (all doses) also decreased the percentage of animals experiencing the most severe tonic–clonic seizures.

5 STARS

52

CBN

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0024320574900095

The four principal naturally occurring cannabinoids, Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, cannabinol and cannabidiol, display anticonvulsant activity, as does the major, primary metabolite of Δ9-THC, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC.

Considering that linalool is a major component of plant based anticonvulsant remedies used in traditional medicinal systems, and the indication of multiple mechanisms of action relevant for decreasing neuronal excitability, further investigation on linalool as a potential anticonvulsant drug are desired.

It has been reported that THC inhibits gastrointestinal motility in mice.11, 12 Our present findings in humans would also suggest this and support the concept that one of THC’s peripheral effects is to inhibit gastrointestinal smooth muscle actio

Cannabidiol further reduced gastrointestinal motility in septic mice but did not affect gastrointestinal motility in control mice.

5 STARS

57

Isopulegol

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19479241

The results suggested that isopulegol presents significant gastroprotective effects in both ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models, which appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K(ATP) channel opening, and antioxidant properties.

58

Limonene

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24328705

We concluded that OEC and LIM, two common flavoring agents, promote gastric mucosal healing without any apparent toxic effect, resulting in better gastric epithelial organization in the treated rats.

59

analgesic

CBD

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299904012348

We conclude that centrally inactive (+)-cannabidiol analogues should be further developed as antidiarrheal, antiinflammatory and analgesic drugs for gastrointestinal and other peripheral conditions.

60

Glaucoma

reduced Intraocular pressure

CBD

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16988594

A single 5 mg sublingual dose of Delta-9-THC reduced the IOP temporarily and was well tolerated by most patients. Sublingual administration of 20 mg CBD did not reduce IOP, whereas 40 mg CBD produced a transient increase IOP rise.

10 STARS

61

increased retinal hemodynamics

THC

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17188063

Cannabinoids, already known for their ability to reduce IOP, may result in increased retinal hemodynamics. This may be beneficial in ocular circulatory disorders, including glaucoma.

8 STARS

62

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1358964/

Appropriate patients were treated with either orally administered delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol capsules or inhaled marijuana in addition to their existing therapeutic regimen.

There is an impression that this treatment can lower intraocular pressure, but the development of tolerance and significant systemic toxicity appears to limit the usefulness of this potential treatment.

63

CBG

http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jop.1990.6.259

These results suggest that cannabigerol and related cannabinoids may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of glaucoma.

5 STARS

64

Gout

relieves swelling and inflammation

CBD

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168365903004152

In conclusion, ethosomes enable CBD's skin permeation and its accumulation in a depot at levels that demonstrate the potential of transdermal CBD to be used as an anti-inflammatory treatment.

The study results showed that borneol has anti-inflammatory and healing action in induced oral mucositis in cheek mucosa of Wistar rats.

69

Caryophyllene

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299907005419

All these findings indicate that α-humulene and (−)-trans-caryophyllene, derived from the essential oil of C. verbenacea, might represent important tools for the management and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and the erythrocyte membrane stabilization method. In both tests, CBC was superior to phenylbutazone. Antibacterial activity of CBC and its isomers and homologs was evaluated using gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria. Antifungal activity was evaluated using yeastlike and filamentous fungi and a dermatophyte. Antibacterial activity was strong, and the antifungal activity was mild to moderate.

71

CBG

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168365903004152

In conclusion, ethosomes enable CBD's skin permeation and its accumulation in a depot at levels that demonstrate the potential of transdermal CBD to be used as an anti-inflammatory treatment.

72

Delta 3 Carene

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2747263

The essential oil of Bupleurum gibraltaricum showed considerable anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-produced pedal edema in rats. This appeared to be due to the delta-3-carene component.

73

Humulene

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299907005419

All these findings indicate that α-humulene and (−)-trans-caryophyllene, derived from the essential oil of C. verbenacea, might represent important tools for the management and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases

74

Linalool

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480412009699

The results suggest that linalool inhibits inflammation both in vitro and in vivo, and may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

75

NADA

http://www.jimmunol.org/content/172/4/2341.short

These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the anti-inflammatory activities of NADA and highlight their potential to design novel therapeutic strategies to manage inflammatory diseases.

76

THC

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0014299973901076

The oral anti-inflammatory efficacy of Δ9-THC was compared to phenylbutazone and acetylsalicylic acid.

77

CBGA

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/34/5/34_5_774/_pdf

Anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., inhibition of COX-2) is proposed to play an important role in the development of colon cancer, which makes this subject interesting to study further. In the present work, the six cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (D9 -THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (D9 -THC-A), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), isolated from Cannabis sativa, were evaluated for their effects on prostaglandin production.

6 STARS

78

CBDA

http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/36/9/1917.short

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs containing a carboxyl group in their chemical structures such as salicylic acid are known to inhibit nonselectively both COX-1 and COX-2. CBDA and Δ9-THCA have a salicylic acid moiety in their structures. Thus, the structural requirements for the CBDA-mediated COX-2 inhibition were next studied. There is a structural difference between CBDA and Δ9-THCA; phenolic hydroxyl groups of CBDA are freed from the ring formation with the terpene moiety, although Δ9-THCA has dibenzopyran ring structure.

4 STARS

79

Insomnia

Reduce Anxiety

CBD

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5101100/

This case study offers evidence that CBD is effective as a safe alternative treatment to traditional psychiatric medications for reducing anxiety and insomnia.17

5 STARS

80

Irritable bowel syndrome

CBG

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295213000543

In conclusion, CBG attenuated murine colitis, reduced nitric oxide production in macrophages (effect being modulated by the CB2 receptor) and reduced ROS formation in intestinal epithelial cells. CBG could be considered for clinical experimentation in IBD patients.

5 STARS

81

Liver Disease

imporves sleep / decrease in pruritus

THC

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12190187

The duration of antipruritic effect is approximately 4-6 hrs in all three patients suggesting the need for more frequent dosing. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol may be an effective alternative in patients with intractable cholestatic pruritus.

8 STARS

82

Memory impairment

Medication for Memory impairment

THC

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02246347

Moreover, these results suggest that scopolamine and Δ9-THC do not impair spatial memory in a common serial pathway, though they may converge on a third neurochemical system.

In idiopathic dystonia, the terapeutic effect of marijuana smoking is reported to be comparable to diazepam (C.D. Marsden, in DISORDERs of MOVEMENT, 1981,81). The non-psychoactive cannabis derivative, cannabidiol (CBD), also improves dystonia (Consroe and Snider, in Cannbinoids as Therapeutic Agents, in press).

Although orally administered cannabinoids failed to improve pain in an uncontrolled study involving 20 patients with multiple sclerosis,17 two placebo-controlled studies10,18 did find a treatment effect. In a trial of a sublingual spray containing delta-9-THC alone or combined with cannabinol, Rog and colleagues reported a 41% reduction in pain, compared with a 22% reduction with placebo.

These results suggest that CBD produced its anti-emetic/anti-nausea effects by indirect activation of the somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the DRN.

5 STARS

93

CBDA

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12043/full

Compared with cannabidiol, CBDA displays significantly greater potency at inhibiting vomiting in shrews and nausea in rats, and at enhancing 5-HT1A receptor activation, an action that accounts for its ability to attenuate conditioned gaping in rats.

94

CBDV

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23902479

The pattern of findings indicates that neither THCV nor CBDV produced a behavioural profile characteristic of CB1 receptor inverse agonists. As well, these compounds may have therapeutic potential in reducing nausea.

Tetrahydrocannabinol appears to offer significant control of nausea in most patients and exceeding by far that provided by prochlorperazine.

10 STARS

97

THCA

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12316/full

These data suggest that THCA may be a more potent alternative to THC in the treatment of nausea and vomiting

5 STARS

98

THCv

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12322/full

The pattern of findings indicates that neither THCV nor CBDV produced a behavioural profile characteristic of CB1 receptor inverse agonists. As well, these compounds may have therapeutic potential in reducing nausea.

99

Neurodegenerative Disorder

neuroprotective and antiinflammatory

CBD

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/314/2/780.short

This study provides the first demonstration of CBD as an in vivo neuroprotectant and shows the efficacy of lipophilic antioxidants in preventing binge ethanol-induced brain injury.

In conclusion, administration of CBD after a HI insult in newborn piglets reduced short-term brain damage, in a manner that can be attributed to a CBD-induced reduction of cerebral hemodynamic impairment, improvement of brain metabolic activity postinsult, reduction of brain edema, and reduction of seizures. These neuroprotective effects were not only free from side effects but also associated with some cardiac, hemodynamic, and ventilatory benefits.

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