Originally published in 1961 as Japan Subdued, this book analyzes the decision to use the atomic bomb to end World War II, highlighting events around Japan in the summer of 1945. Part 1 presents comprehensive data on the options considered for ending the war: invasion, negotiation, and the atomic bomb. It includes stunningly low casualty estimates by Mac Arthur and Marshall for the planned invasion, details of King’s invasion plan, and descriptions of the Interim Committee, and of the Scientific Panel led by Oppenheimer. Part 2 details discussions among Truman, Churchill, and Stalin at the Potsdam Conference. Part 3 describes the internal struggle among Japanese factions concerning surrender, and its resolution by Emperor Hirohito. Part 4 reflects on what might have happened if the atomic bombs had not been used. The book includes little discussion of the moral implications of atomic weapons. It is a significant work, combining historical facts, objective military logic and insightful analysis to provide a lucid account of the military situation at the time the atomic bombs were used on Japan.