"You, Son of Man, tell the House of Israel about the Temple, and let them
be ashamed of their transgressions, and figure out its (The Temple’s) outline.And if they are ashamed of all that they have
done, make known to them the shape of the Temple and its design, its exits and
entrances…" (Yechezkel 43:10-11).How is the building of the Temple connected to the Nation of Israel’s
shame for their sins?Isn't knowledge of
art and architecture enough to succeed in building such a structure?

The
Temple was not built to express architectural beauty, but rather to express the
beauty of our souls, which is, in turn, expressed through the beauty of the
structure.Therefore, when the souls are
stained, the Temple crumbles.For this
reason, only serious repentance is able to bring about the building of the
Temple.The solution to the problem of
rebuilding the Temple is not a technical one.

There
is a major difference, by the way, between building the Temple and building the
Land of Israel.At the beginning of the
Zionist awakening, some Rabbis immediately invalidated the movement because of
the low religious and ethical level of the Nation.In their opinion, the return to Zion is not
merely a population transfer, but a messianic, prophetic fulfillment and the
establishment of a "Kingdom of priests and a holy Nation" (Shemot
19:6) in our Land.And if the Nation has
not reached this required level, then it is better to remain in the Exile until
we reach spiritual heights.Only after
the Nation fully and truly repents will it be time to return to the Holy Land,
to become a Holy Nation and establish a holy State.

The
majority of our Rabbis do not agree with this opinion. They hold that we should
make aliyah immediately in order to establish a State, even if we have yet to
reach this spiritual level.Just as it
is impossible to expect a new-born baby to have sterling behavior, so too is it
unrealistic to demand immediate perfection from a young state.Our Rabbis therefore took into account the
need to climb from the profane to the holy.Furthermore, there was pressure to save the Nation of Israel, which was
constantly exposed to the threat of assimilation – something which, to our
great distress, still exists in our time.There was therefore an obligation to begin the process of the return to
Zion and the building of our Land immediately, before the repentance, which
would come sooner or later.

With
regard to building the Temple, however, the exact opposite is true.The prophet Yechezkel describes at length
that the people, faced with the holiness of the Temple, should be ashamed of
their transgressions.If the Nation of
Israel shows signs of regret, then the prophet can continue his speech.If not, he has nothing to add, as Nation is not ready.It is still entrenched in the idea that the
Temple is a sort of amulet that protects it from its enemies and shields its
eyes from the corruption.This outlook
is a very mistaken one.

It
is nonetheless quite surprising that the prophet's message was delivered in the
Exile, where he spent the majority of his life.Wouldn't it have been more useful to dedicate his efforts to admonishing
the Nation about its behavior than providing a lengthy description – four
chapters in all! - of the future Temple?

But
the prophecy of Hashem which reached Yechezkel was essentially concerned with
the long-term elevation of the Nation of Israel in its Land, and not its past
or present behavior.His book ends with
an incomparable climax: the Divine promise of the future return of the Nation
of Israel to our Land, the renewed sovereignty within our borders and the Third
Temple in Jerusalem as the center of the State.

We
must learn to look at the far-off horizon, which is full of Divine promises,
even if it seems blurry at first glance.This sight can fill our daily lives with the spirituality and courage necessary
for us to develop in the proper direction.It helps us to elevate us above our concern about our personal
existence, and magnifies our concern for the communal well-being, which is
immeasurably greater.

The
Temple described by Yechezkel is not the Second Temple, which could be rebuilt
in a short time, but the Third Temple.He does not provide us with the detailed blueprint of the Second Temple,
which, when it was built during the time of Ezra – as the Rambam says – was
similar to King Shlomo's Temple and influenced by Yechezkel's Temple (Hilchot
Beit Ha-Bechirah 1:4).The Second Temple
is a stage between the First and Third Temple.So why provide the plan for the Third Temple and not the Second?

In
one of his books dedicated to the uniqueness of the Temple, "Mishkenei
Elyon," the Ramchal, Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzatto, explained that the Third
Temple is the ideal, the final Temple.It is a "Temple of Above," not just a "Temple of
Below."This is the Temple we are
waiting for.It is not enough to build a
"Temple of Below" with the aid of building material. It also requires
the highest form of spirituality.The
first two Temples were destroyed; the same fate will not mark the Third.Unlike the two earlier ones, which were
spiritually incomplete, the future Temple will not be lacking anything.The spiritual state of the Nation did not
allow the Divine Presence to continue dwelling in the Temple.The Third Temple, however, is an eternal and
indestructible structure, built upon the integrated spirituality of the Nation
of Israel.

It
is for this reason that Rabbi Akiva began to laugh when he saw a fox run out on
the spot of the Holy of Holies.The Sages
were puzzled by his strange pleasure.He
explained that because we have seen the prophecy of the Temple's destruction realized
in all of its details, including the verse "foxes prowl over it"
(Eichah 5:18), we can now be sure that the Third Temple will be built. All of
the prophecies of the revival of the Nation will be brought about in all of its
details (Makot 24a).

The
Third Temple is not a grandiose version of the Second Temple.During the time of Ezra, it was known that
the Second Temple would be destroyed to make room for the Third (Ra'avad,
Hilchot Beit Ha-Bechirah 6:14), which will be built on the level in which we
"Make His (Hashem's) will, your will" (Pirkei Avot 2:4).Man's desires will be identical to that of
Hashem's.Not only will man perform
goodness, he will become the essence of goodness.

On
the one hand, the Third Temple will descend with fire from the Heavens (Tosafot
on Rosh Hashanah 30a).On the other
hand, we are commanded to build the Temple (Rambam, Hilchot Beit Ha-Bechirah
1:1).There is no contradiction.It will be completely Divine, pure like fire,
free of human weakness.It will be the
highest form of unity between Israel and the Divine Presence.

Yechezkel
arrived to give us hope, and to declare that the Exile will end, and that at
the time of the Redemption there will be greater spiritual and material
joy.The Exile is similar to surgery
which is painful but saves one's life.Its purpose is to remove the evil from within our midst in order to
bring the Nation of Israel to its Divine role.We raise our eyes towards this supreme purpose and the more we aspire to
it, the more we will understand to repent from our sins and build our future
through integrity and light.

Mission Statement

To Enrich the spiritual life of the English-speaking World through the Torah of Ha-Rav Shlomo Aviner, Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Ateret Yerushalayim in the heart of the Old City of Jerusalem. By offering English translations of Rav Aviner’s written and oral Torah, this division of the yeshiva aims to expose English speakers to a powerful, sensitive and poetic voice unparalleled in our time. His unfailing optimism, his tolerance and love all Jews, his guidance for harmony within the Jewish family and his dedication to Eretz Yisrael, the State of Israel and Tzahal will inspire and enrich the lives of all who may now have access to his words.