Some economists claim country's output understated by $330 billion

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Staff stand at the entrance to a new Louis Vuitton store in Beijing last month. The French luxury goods maker opened its flagship store, expressing confidence in its ability to attract China's wealthy.

BEIJING — Walk into a bustling Beijing mall or pricey Shanghai restaurant, and official figures that say China's annual economic output is just $1,000 per person seem much too low.

When Beijing releases a new survey of its economy next week, outsiders expect it to make a greater effort to measure such thriving service businesses, possibly revealing that China has been even more successful than reported over the past decade.

Economists say China's already stunning figures that show growth at more than 9 percent this year understate output by up to 20 percent — a hidden $330 billion out of the reported $1.65 trillion in goods and services produced last year.

It isn't clear by how much the government might raise its estimate of China's economic output. But the results could have a far-reaching impact on economic and social policy, debates with Washington over the value of China's currency and investment decisions.

The key problem lies in China's statistical system, a communist-era throwback that focuses on manufacturing and relies on businesses to have a full-time employee to report statistics, which mom-and-pop shops and other small, private firms rarely do.

The biggest weakness is in services, ranging from restaurants and Internet retailers to taxi drivers and barbershops, areas that represent China's fastest-growing industries.

This year, economists say Beijing has made an effort to reflect their contribution by sending researchers to get data from restaurants, shops and other service industries.

The results are due to be released Tuesday by the National Bureau of Statistics.

Estimates by Chinese academics and private economists of how much they might raise figures for economic growth range widely, from almost nothing to a full 20 percent.

Chen Xingdong, an economist in Beijing for BNP Paribas Peregrine Securities, said he believes current statistics undercount China's output by a minimum of 20 percent.

A woman who answered the phone Wednesday at the Statistics Bureau's Census Center and would give only her surname, Deng, refused to give any details of next week's report.

But when asked about suggestions that it might raise the figure on China's economic output, or gross domestic product, by up to 20 percent, the woman said, "this figure is totally wrong."

For years economists have said China's figures understate the strength of its economy, because the low cost of goods and services adds considerable buying power to the Chinese currency, the yuan.

A large revision next week could push Beijing up the rankings of economies, from No. 7 to as high as No. 4, Chen said. That would put China behind only the United States, Japan and Germany and could provide fodder for trading partners who complain that the yuan is undervalued and contributes to China's huge trade surplus.

America's trade deficit with China surged to a new monthly record of $20.5 billion in October, the Commerce Department reported on Wednesday. Through October, the deficit with China is running at an annual rate of $200 billion. That surpasses last year's imbalance of $162 billion, which had been the biggest U.S. deficit ever recorded with a single country.

A large revision also could alter industrial and social policy, changing the belief that China relies too heavily on manufacturing, said Qu. He said current figures show that services account for 30 percent of the economy, versus manufacturing's 45 percent.

"This could easily turn the story upside down and say China's service sector is a world competitor, and if anything there's room for China to expand its industrial base," he said.

That could be critical for Beijing, which is trying to create jobs for 200 million unemployed people. It is pushing many to go into what were thought to be underdeveloped service industries.

"If this turns out to be true, the reality is that China has no choice but to increase labor-intensive manufacturing if they really want to absorb this surplus labor," Qu said.

But Wu Kangping, an economist at Tsinghua University's Institute of Economics and Management in Beijing, cautioned that there might be little or no revision. He said officials know their limitations and might have adjusted figures all along to compensate.

"If the discrepancies are not big and the government has already taken the bias into consideration, it will not have a big influence on government policy," he said.

Jonathan Anderson, chief Asia economist for the UBS brokerage in Hong Kong, wrote Wednesday in a report to clients that a bigger estimate of the size of China's economy could reassure investors and policy-makers, making surging investment in new factories, shopping malls and other assets look smaller by comparison.

Chinese leaders are trying to slow such spending, arguing that it is reckless and could ignite inflation and cause financial problems if new projects turn out not to be needed.

"With more realistic numbers, the macroeconomy looks much more sustainable," Anderson's report said.