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Trucking Industry Buoyed by Retailers with Fleets

Retailers and grocery stores are among companies increasingly using dedicated-fleet services as a shortage of drivers constrains U.S. trucking capacity while the economy heals.

J.B. Hunt Transport Services Inc. and Werner Enterprises Inc. are among carriers benefiting from an “accelerating trend” that’s helping to buoy the trucking industry, according to John Larkin, managing director in Baltimore at Stifel Nicolaus & Co. Dedicated-fleet services -- provided by a carrier that allocates a fleet of trucks to specific customers -- are “in vogue” because shippers want to eliminate the uncertainty related with procuring vehicles, he said.

These services now are “the preferred approach to lock in capacity” for core shipments, Larkin said. Further, because customers are charged the same amount whether a truck is empty or full, they can better manage their costs in the event of a shortage by negotiating rates for “defined, predictable routes” in advance, he added.

Businesses also can preserve capital, while avoiding expenses from accidents and other risks associated with operating their own trucks, said Vincent McLoughlin, chairman of Cardinal Logistics Management Corp.

The Concord, North Carolina-based carrier sees more interest in dedicated-contract carriage services, particularly from retail and building-supply companies, boosting revenue for this $330 million business, he said. Cardinal Logistics provides supply-chain consulting, warehousing and distribution to AutoZone Inc., Office Depot Inc. and other customers.

J.B. Hunt has made “significant efforts in driver hiring due to shortened lead times for contract start dates,” the carrier said in an Oct. 11 statement. This shows demand is accelerating as customers want quicker access to dedicated-fleet services, said Larkin, who maintains a “hold” recommendation on the company.

Retail sales rose 1.1 percent in September following a 1.2 percent increase in August, the best back-to-back showing since late 2010, according to Commerce Department data.

Building supplies also are rebounding as the housing market improves. New-home construction starts jumped 15 percent in September from the prior month to an 872,000 annual rate, while residential permits -- a proxy for future construction -- rose to 890,000, based on Commerce figures. Both were the best since July 2008 and exceeded the median forecasts of economists surveyed by Bloomberg News.

Expanding Business

While J.B. Hunt’s dedicated-services business is expanding, growth slowed in the third quarter, when this segment accounted for 21 percent of the Lowell, Arkansas, carrier’s total operating revenue, down from 23 percent a year ago, and revenue rose 1.4 percent, compared with 7.2 percent in the first quarter of this year.

This could be a result of the sluggish economy, Larkin said. “You can read between the lines to conclude what we already knew, that the third quarter was pretty soft.”

Gross domestic product grew at a 2 percent annual rate in the three months ended Sept. 30, more than the 1.8 percent median forecast of economists surveyed by Bloomberg but trailing the 2.8 percent average for the five years before the recession, according to data from the Commerce Department.

The average number of trucks in J.B. Hunt’s dedicated- contract services fleet grew 4.8 percent to 5,153 in the three months ended Sept. 30, company data show. The increase was “more or less in line with expectations,” Larkin said. Meanwhile, Omaha, Nebraska-based Werner Enterprises has a long-term goal that one-third of its revenue will come from dedicated-fleet operations, he said.

It’s onerous for shippers to operate their own trucks, said Charles Clowdis, managing director of transportation advisory services at IHS Global Insight in Lexington, Massachusetts. That’s because they must cope with Department of Transportation regulations, including pending and recent rules from its Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

There’s a shortage of qualified drivers, as some rules have made it more difficult to add workers, while other industries -- such as construction -- have poached potential employees, Clowdis said. This “phenomenon is getting worse,” which could hinder hiring even more, though dedicated contracts tend to appeal to potential drivers because they have an established route each day or week, increasing the likelihood they can be home more often, he added.

Though rates may be a bit higher for customers to use dedicated-fleet services, supermarkets and retailers like this option because it’s “better to have capacity when they need it,” Clowdis said. A sense of urgency also is fueling the increased popularity, even if shippers have to pay when there isn’t merchandise to fill the trucks, Larkin said.

As a result, the benefits appear to be outweighing the costs as more customers of Cardinal Logistics are looking “more critically” at this option, McLoughlin said. “Why invest in the trucks if you don’t need to?”

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