The Theory of Money and Credit is a 1912 economics book written by Ludwig von Mises, originally published in German as Theorie des Geldes und der Umlaufsmittel. In it Mises explains the origins of money through his "regression theorem", which is based on logic, not historic explanations. It is one of the foundational works of the Austrian School of economic thought.

The regression theorem explains why commodity money exists today. Mises looks at the origin, nature and value of money, and its effect on determining monetary policy. It does not concern all adaptations of money. He uses the so called regression theorem, a statement backed by a step by step, logical proof. It explains why money is demanded in its own right. Mises explained that moneys only can come about after there has been a demand for the money commodity in a barter economy.

1934: London: Jonathan Cape Ltd. First translation (by Harold E. Batson) into English.The German word Umlaufsmittel literally translates as "means of circulation" and was translated into the text of the English version as "fiduciary media".

1953: New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Part Four was added by Mises to this English language edition

Since 2010, there has been a blog centered debate whether Bitcoin violates or adheres to the regression theorem.

Bitcoins adhere to the regression theorem when backing by a service, the service of transporting wealth, can be a proxy for commodity backing, which would be an "empirically verified" regression.[citation needed]