Teton Fault Map now Available

The Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS) published a new map depicting the Teton fault, a potential source of large earthquakes. It is the most detailed mapping ever completed across the length of the fault, which spans the eastern base of the Teton Range in northwestern Wyoming.

Zellman, lead author, says the Teton fault is significant because it is one of the fastest moving faults in the interior western United States. The fault has offset young Quaternary glacial deposits, revealing its movement in the recent geologic past and potential for modern seismic activity.

“Although the fault has not moved for thousands of years, prominent scarps and evidence from young faulting observed in trenches show the fault has moved during multiple large earthquakes since glacial retreat about 14–15 thousand years ago,” Zellman says.

Map authors used high-resolution remote sensing data called light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to create a detailed image of the ground surface and map the fault. For this map, LiDAR showed fault locations in greater detail than previous maps, which lacked LiDAR data and were limited by dense vegetation and rugged terrain.

Campbell says the Teton fault played a key role in the growth of one of Wyoming’s most famous geologic features, the jagged Teton Range.

“This fault accommodated more than 30,000 feet of uplift, documented by measuring the change in elevation from the Cambrian-age sandstone at the top of Mount Moran to the depth of that same rock in the subsurface of Jackson Hole,” Campbell explains.

Although a handful of faults in the basin and range move at higher rates, the Teton fault is unique because it is located almost entirely within the U.S. National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service land, and is at the base of a dramatic mountain range front. Its location is marked with prominent scarps that are visible from Wilson, Wyoming, to north of Jackson Lake.

“What stands out to me when I look at this map is the scale and variety of geomorphic and geologic processes involved with the formation and modification of the landscape,” Zellman says. “Volcanic, glacial, and tectonic processes have all had a major role in shaping this landscape, but so have processes like landslides, debris flows following fires, rockfall, and flooding and scour along the rivers.”