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Abstract:

A countermeasure device for directing a mobile tracking device away from
an asset is provided. The countermeasure device includes a continuous
wave laser source whose output is directed at a seeker head of the mobile
tracking device. The countermeasure device causes the generation of
localized sources within the mobile tracking device and confuses the
mobile tracking device as to the true location of the asset.

Claims:

1.-15. (canceled)

16. An apparatus for use with an asset and for interacting with a mobile
tracking device, the apparatus comprising: a pod configured to be
attached to the asset, the pod including an optical window; a continuous
wave fiber laser positioned within the pod; and a battery source
operatively coupled to the continuous wave fiber laser and positioned
within the pod, the battery source providing power to the continuous wave
fiber laser to produce a continuous beam of optical energy.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the pod includes a rotatable head
having an optical window through which the continuous beam of optical
energy exits the pod.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a battery charger
positioned within the pod and coupled to a power source of the asset, the
battery charger charging the battery source when the asset is operating
in a low power mode.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a system cooling module
positioned within the pod, the system cooling module providing cooling
fluid to the continuous wave fiber laser.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a laser designator
positioned within the pod, the laser designator determining a distance
from the pod to the mobile tracking device.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the continuous beam of optical
energy is focused at a distance shorter than the distance from the pod to
the mobile tracking device determined by the laser designator.

22. A method for keeping a mobile tracking device away from an asset, the
mobile tracking device having a seeker head which is directed at an asset
due to the infrared energy radiated by the asset, the method comprising
the steps of: directing an output of a continuous wave laser at the
seeker head along a first direction of travel of the mobile tracking
device, the output of the continuous wave laser being infrared energy;
and propagating the infrared energy from the continuous wave laser into
the seeker head of the mobile tracking device to generate at least one
localized source within the mobile tracking device and within a field of
view of the mobile tracking device which indicates a second direction of
travel for the mobile tracking device.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising the steps of: altering the
direction of the output of the continuous wave laser such that the output
of the continuous wave laser continues to be directed at the seeker head
of the mobile tracking device which is traveling in the second direction;
and propagating the infrared energy from the continuous wave laser into
the seeker head of the mobile tracking device to generate at least one
localized source within the mobile tracking device and within the field
of view of the mobile tracking device which indicates a third direction
of travel for the mobile tracking device.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising the step of: sensing when
the direction of the output of the continuous wave laser has changed by a
threshold amount; and deactivating the continuous wave laser in response
to the direction of the output of the continuous wave laser being changed
by a threshold amount.

25. A method for keeping a mobile tracking device away from an asset, the
mobile tracking device having a seeker head which is directed at an asset
due to the infrared energy radiated by the asset, the method comprising
the steps of: activating a continuous wave laser; directing a beam of
infrared energy from the continuous wave laser at the mobile tracking
device, wherein the beam of infrared energy causes the mobile tracking
device to explode in a first separation band; causes components of the
mobile tracking device to become inoperative in a second separation band,
the second separation band corresponding to distances longer than first
separation band; and causes localized internal sources within the seeker
head which cause the mobile tracking device to alter its direction of
travel away from the asset in a third separation band, the third
separation band corresponding to distances longer than the second
separation band.

26. A method for keeping a mobile tracking device away from an asset, the
mobile tracking device having a seeker head which is directed at an asset
due to the infrared energy radiated by the asset, the method comprising
the steps of: detecting the location of a mobile tracking device with a
first detection system having a wide field of view; passing the
coordinates of the mobile tracking device to a second detection system
having a narrow field of view; continuing to monitor the location of the
mobile tracking device with the first tracking system until the second
tracking system locks onto the position of the mobile tracking device;
and directing optical energy from a continuous wave laser at the mobile
tracking device, the optical energy causing the mobile tracking device to
alter its direction of travel.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the step of directing optical energy
from the continuous wave laser at the mobile tracking device is in
response to the second tracking system locking onto the position of the
mobile tracking device.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the step of directing optical energy
from the continuous wave laser at the mobile tracking device is in
response to a user input being set to enable the continuous wave laser.

29. The method of claim 26, further comprising the steps of: adjusting a
direction of the optical energy based on an updated position of the
mobile tracking device until the direction of the optical energy exceeds
a threshold deviation from an initial direction of the optical energy;
and deactivating the continuous wave laser when the direction of the
optical energy exceeds the threshold deviation.

30. The method of claim 26, further comprising the step of powering the
continuous wave laser with a battery source.

31. The method of claim 30, further comprising the steps of: coupling the
first detection system to an asset; coupling the second detection system
to a pod containing the continuous wave laser and the battery source; and
coupling the pod to the asset.

32. The method of claim 31, further comprising the steps of: coupling the
battery source to a power source of the asset; and charging the battery
source when the asset is operating in a low power mode.

33. The method of claim 26, comprising the step of: determining a
distance from the second detection system to the mobile tracking device;
and focusing the optical energy from the continuous wave laser at a
distance less than the determined distance from the second detection
system to the mobile tracking device.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 12/541,772, filed Aug. 14, 2009, the disclosures of which are
expressly incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates generally to a countermeasure device
which causes a mobile tracking device to not approach closer to an asset,
and more particularly, to a countermeasure device which directs the
mobile tracking device away from the asset or disables the tracking
device.

[0004] Presently, a multitude of mobile tracking devices are known which
identify an asset and attempt to move closer to the asset and potentially
contact the asset. Examples of mobile tracking devices include infrared
based mobile tracking devices which examine the infrared energy which is
emitted by the asset and detected by the mobile tracking device. These
infrared mobile tracking devices alter their direction of travel to track
the highest infrared energy being detected within their field of view.
Such mobile tracking devices may rely on a non-imaging detection system
or an imaging detection system.

[0005] There are several countermeasures available to misdirect a mobile
infrared tracking device away from an asset. One exemplary countermeasure
device is infrared hot bodies which appear brighter to the mobile
infrared tracking device than the asset. These infrared hot bodies may be
expelled by the asset. The mobile tracking device detects the brighter
infrared hot bodies and follows the hot bodies as they become further
spaced apart from the asset; thereby directing the mobile infrared
tracking device away from the asset. Exemplary infrared hot bodies
include flares.

[0006] Another type of countermeasure device is a laser jamming device.
Laser jamming devices are most effective against non-imaging mobile
tracking devices. Laser jamming devices direct a pulsed or modulated
laser signal at a detection system of the mobile tracking device. The
pulsed or modulated laser signal is tailored to the specific
characteristics of the mobile tracking device. An example of one laser
jammer which is capable of jamming multiple types of tracking devices by
varying a period of the modulated laser signal is disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 6,359,710. Another exemplary laser jamming system is the AN/AAQ-24
Nemesis DIRCM system provided by Northrup Grumman Corporation located in
Los Angeles, Calif.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a
countermeasure device is disclosed. In another exemplary embodiment, a
method of interacting with a mobile tracking device is disclosed. In yet
another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus for
interacting with a mobile tracking device is provided. The apparatus
comprising: a plurality of sensor modules which monitor the environment;
a first controller portion operatively connected to the plurality of
sensor modules, the first controller portion determining a presence of
the mobile tracking device in the environment based on information
collected by the plurality of sensor modules and a current location of
the mobile tracking device; and a countermeasure system. The
countermeasure system including a second controller portion which
receives the current location of the mobile tracking device from the
first controller portion, orients a tracking system of the countermeasure
system based on the current location of the mobile tracking device,
detects the mobile tracking device, updates the location of the mobile
tracking device, activates a continuous wave laser, and directs a
continuous beam of optical energy at the mobile tracking device.

[0008] In a further exemplary embodiment, a method for keeping a mobile
tracking device away from an asset is provided. The mobile tracking
device having a seeker head which is directed at an asset due to the
infrared energy radiated by the asset. The method comprising the steps
of: directing an output of a continuous wave laser at the seeker head
along a first direction of travel of the mobile tracking device, the
output of the continuous wave laser being infrared energy; and
propagating the infrared energy from the continuous wave laser into the
seeker head of the mobile tracking device to generate at least one
localized source within the mobile tracking device and within a field of
view of the mobile tracking device which indicates a second direction of
travel for the mobile tracking device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this
invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better
understood by reference to the following detailed description when taken
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0012]FIG. 2A illustrates the representative asset of FIG. 2 with a
mobile tracking device approaching the representative asset along a first
direction and optical energy from the countermeasure device being
directed at the mobile tracking device;

[0013] FIG. 2B illustrates the mobile tracking device changing its
direction of travel to a second direction due to the optical energy
directed from the countermeasure device at the mobile tracking device;

[0014]FIG. 2C illustrates the mobile tracking device changing its
direction of travel to a third direction due to the optical energy
directed from the countermeasure device at the mobile tracking device;

[0015] FIG. 2D illustrates the mobile tracking device changing its
direction of travel to a fourth direction due to the optical energy
directed from the countermeasure device at the mobile tracking device;

[0025] FIGS. 12 and 13 represent the response characteristics of a mobile
tracking device following an asset; and

[0026] FIGS. 14 and 15 represent the response characteristics of a mobile
tracking device following an asset and being subsequently illuminated by
a countermeasure device; and

[0027] FIG. 16 illustrates a method of countering a mobile tracking device
with a countermeasure device.

[0028] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts
throughout the several views. Although the drawings represent embodiments
of various features and components according to the present disclosure,
the drawings are not necessarily to scale and certain features may be
exaggerated in order to better illustrate and explain the present
disclosure. The exemplification set out herein illustrates embodiments of
the invention, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as
limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of
the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated
in the drawings, which are described below. The embodiments disclosed
below are not intended to be exhaustive or limit the invention to the
precise form disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the
embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art
may utilize their teachings. It will be understood that no limitation of
the scope of the invention is thereby intended. The invention includes
any alterations and further modifications in the illustrated devices and
described methods and further applications of the principles of the
invention which would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which
the invention relates.

[0030] The present disclosure is directed to countermeasure devices which
are implemented to protect aircraft, such as commercial airlines and
military aircraft. However, the principles discussed herein are
applicable to other types of assets. Exemplary assets include moveable
assets, such as aircraft, ships, buses, or trucks, or land based assets,
such as an airport, factory, building, or facility.

[0031] Referring to FIG. 1, a countermeasure device 100 is shown.
Countermeasure device 100 is coupled to an asset 102. For purposes of
discussion, asset 102 is considered to be an airplane, such as the
airplane designated 102 in FIG. 2. However, the present disclosure is
contemplated for use with a multitude of different assets. Airplane 102
includes a body or fuselage 104, a pair of main wings 105, tail wings
106, and a plurality of propulsion devices 108. Exemplary propulsion
devices include jet engines, internal combustion engines with associated
propellers, and any other suitable engine arrangement.

[0032] Referring to FIG. 3, components of a mobile tracking device 110 are
shown. Mobile tracking device 110 includes a propulsion system 112 which
provides power to propel mobile tracking device 110. Exemplary propulsion
systems include solid fuel rockets, engines, and any other suitable
devices for providing power to mobile tracking device 110. Mobile
tracking device 110 also includes a guidance system 114 which controls
the direction of travel of mobile tracking device 110. Exemplary guidance
system components include wings for an airborne mobile tracking device
110, a rudder for a marine mobile tracking device 110, and ground
engaging members for a land based mobile tracking device 110. The
guidance system 114 steers mobile tracking device 110 to change a
direction of travel of mobile tracking device 110. Exemplary airborne
tracking devices include rockets, airplanes, and other flying devices.
Exemplary marine tracking devices include boats (see FIG. 11),
submersible devices, and other marine devices. Exemplary land based
tracking devices include wheeled devices, tracked devices, and other
suitable land based devices.

[0033] Mobile tracking device 110 includes a controller 116 which controls
the operation of propulsion system 112 and guidance system 114. Mobile
tracking device 110 also includes a gimbaled seeker head 115 which is
able to move independent of the remainder of mobile tracking device 110.
Seeker head 115 supports controller 116, a detector 118, telescope 120, a
reticule 122, and optics 124.

[0034] In operation, electromagnetic radiation 126 from the environment
enters an optical window 128 of mobile tracking device 110. Optical
window 128 may be a dome. Optical window 128 may be selected to only pass
electromagnetic radiation 126 within a certain wavelength band. For
instance, in the case of an infrared mobile tracking device 110, optical
window 128 may only pass electromagnetic radiation 126 within the
infrared spectrum or a portion of the infrared spectrum. In other
embodiments, a separate filter 125 is included somewhere within the
optical setup of mobile tracking device 110 to limit the range of
wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation 126 passed on to detector 118.
Filter 125 is shown between optical window 128 and telescope 120.
However, filter 125 may be positioned anywhere between optical window 128
and detector 118.

[0036] Controller 116 receives input from detector 118 which is used by
controller 116 to determine the location the brightest object in the
environment, typically asset 102. The modulated signal allows controller
116 to discriminate between background electromagnetic radiation and the
radiation of asset 102, as well as, determine the location of asset 102
relative to a direction of travel of mobile tracking device 110. Based on
this input from detector 118, controller 116 determines a desired
direction of travel for mobile tracking device 110 which corresponds to
tracking device 110 heading towards asset 102. Seeker head 115 is
adjusted to center the brightest object in the environment so that seeker
head 115 is pointed directly at the brightest object. Controller 116
provides this adjustment of seeker head 115 (from its intended
orientation in line with the direction of travel of mobile tracking
device 110) to guidance system 114 as error signal 129. Guidance system
114 uses this error signal 129 to alter the direction of travel of mobile
tracking device 110. Over time, if mobile tracking device 110 is tracking
asset 102 mobile tracking device 110 will be pointed at asset 102 and
seeker head 115 generally produces a small error signal which is
indicative of mobile tracking device 110 being aligned to intercept asset
102.

[0037] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, mobile tracking device 110
includes a spinning reticule 122. In another embodiment, mobile tracking
device 110 does not include reticule 122 but rather secondary mirror 123
is tilted and telescope 120 is spun to produce a signal for controller
116. In one embodiment, detector 118 is an imaging detector and
controller 116 processes the images from detector 118 to determine the
location of asset 102.

[0038] Returning to FIG. 2, airplane 102 includes warning/cuing system 130
which detects when a mobile tracking device 110 has been launched and/or
is tracking airplane 102. Warning/cuing system 130 includes sensor
modules 131 which monitor the environment around airplane 102.
Illustratively, four sensor modules 131A-D are shown. Depending on the
asset 102 being protected, fewer or additional sensor modules 131 may be
used. In one embodiment, sensor modules 131 include focal plane array
sensors with wide field of views that continuously survey the environment
for mobile tracking devices 110. In one embodiment, warning/cuing system
130 looks for a characteristic signal that indicates the launch of an
airborne mobile tracking device 110. In the case of airborne mobile
tracking device 110, the mobile tracking device 110 has a characteristic
infrared and ultraviolet signature which warning/cuing system 130
recognizes as an airborne mobile tracking device 110.

[0039] Exemplary warning/cuing systems include Model No. AAR-54 EWS
available from Northrup Grumman Corporation located in Los Angeles,
Calif. As explained herein, warning/cuing system 130 communicates with
countermeasure device 100. Countermeasure device 100, in turn, provides
optical energy from a continuous wave laser to redirect mobile tracking
device 110 from tracking the path of asset 102 or to disable mobile
tracking device 110. In one embodiment, warning/cuing system 130 is
provided as part of countermeasure device 100 instead of as a separate
component of airplane 102.

[0040] Airplane 102 further includes a fire control system 140. Fire
control system 140 interprets information provided by warning/cuing
system 130 and provides a user interface 142 through which the operator
of asset 102 activates countermeasure device 100. In one embodiment, user
interface 142 includes a user input 143 to enable countermeasure device
100 and a user input 145 to permit countermeasure device 100 to fire. In
one embodiment, countermeasure device 100 is automatically activated when
asset 102 is moving. Exemplary inputs include switches, buttons, and
other suitable types of user inputs.

[0041] Returning to FIG. 1, countermeasure device 100 is represented.
Countermeasure device 100 includes an optical transmitter system 150, a
power system 152, a system controller 154, and a cooling system 156. Each
of optical transmitter system 150, power system 152, and cooling system
156 are coupled to system controller 154. System controller 154 receives
input from and provides instructions to each of optical transmitter
system 150, power system 152, and cooling system 156 to control the
operation of countermeasure device 100. As explained herein, in one
embodiment, countermeasure device 100 is housed in a self-contained pod
which may be coupled to asset 102.

[0042] Optical transmitter system 150 includes a laser source module 160
and a beam control module 162. Laser source module 160 includes a high
voltage power supply 164 which receives power from power system 152. High
voltage power supply 164 drives a continuous wave laser 166. In one
embodiment, continuous wave laser 166 is a continuous wave fiber laser.
In one embodiment, continuous wave laser 166 is a continuous wave
Ytterbium single mode fiber laser. Details regarding an exemplary
continuous wave laser 166 are provided in U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 11/973,437, filed Oct. 9, 2007 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,593,435
on Sep. 22, 2009, titled POWERFUL FIBER LASER SYSTEM, assigned to IPG
Photonics Corporation, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated
by reference herein. Details regarding an exemplary continuous wave laser
166 are provided in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/611,247, filed
Dec. 15, 2006 subsequently abandoned, titled FIBER LASER WITH LARGE MODE
AREA FIBER, assigned to IPG Photonics Corporation, the disclosure of
which is expressly incorporated by reference herein. In one embodiment,
continuous wave laser 166 is a solid state laser. Other exemplary
continuous wave lasers include a 2.0 micrometer (μm) Thulium Fiber
Laser (1.96-2.2 (μm) Thulium laser) having an output power of about at
least 1 kW and a 1.0 μm, 800 Watt Direct Diode. An exemplary Thulium
fiber laser is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,801,550, the disclosure of
which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 4, an exemplary configuration of continuous wave
laser 166 is shown. Continuous wave laser 166 includes a plurality of
individual modules 300 each of which provide a single mode 1.07 μm
output beam. The output of each of modules 300 is combined together
through a module combiner 302 which brings the energy together in a
single beam. This combined beam is coupled to an optical conduit 170
through a quartz coupler 304. Although three laser modules 300 are
illustrated, any number of laser modules 300 may be included.

[0044] The components of a given laser module 300 are also shown in FIG.
4. The laser module 300 includes a plurality of diode lasers 310 each of
which are coupled into a respective Ytterbium fiber 312. The output of
the Ytterbium fibers 312 are combined through a fiber combiner 314 which
brings the energy together. This energy is fed through a coupler 315 into
an Ytterbium fiber optic gain medium 316 which produces therefrom a
single mode 1.07 μm output beam. Although three diode laser sets 310
are illustrated any number of diode laser sets 310 may be included.

[0045] In one embodiment, the power of continuous wave laser 166 is about
3 kilowatts (kW). In one embodiment, the power level of continuous wave
laser 166 is about 5 kW. In one embodiment, the power level of continuous
wave laser 166 is about 10 kW. In one embodiment, the power level of
continuous wave laser 166 is about 20 kW. In one embodiment, the power
level of continuous wave laser 166 is about 50 kW. In one embodiment, the
power level of continuous wave laser 166 is between about 3 kW and 20 kW.
In one embodiment, the power level of continuous wave laser 166 is at
least 3 kW.

[0046] Returning to FIG. 1, the optical energy produced by continuous wave
laser 166 is communicated to beam control module 162 through optical
conduit 170. An exemplary optical conduit 170 is a fiber optic cable.

[0047] Beam control module 162 includes a beam expander 172 and a
positioning system 174. Beam expander 172 receives the optical energy
from optical conduit 170 and provides a generally collimated beam 176 of
optical energy which exits countermeasure device 100. An exemplary beam
expander is a Cassegrain telescope. Optical energy from optical conduit
170 is provided at a focus of the Cassegrain telescope which then
generally collimates this optical energy to produce the expanded beam of
optical energy 176. In one embodiment, a path length of beam expander 172
may be automatically adjusted by system controller 154 to change output
beam 176 from a generally collimated beam of optical energy to a focused
beam of optical energy. In this case, beam expander 172 may serve both as
a beam expander (collimator) and focusing optics. In one embodiment, beam
control module 162 also includes separate focusing optics 177 which focus
the output beam 176 at a given distance from countermeasure device 100.

[0048] Positioning system 174 alters the direction in which collimated
beam 176 is directed. Referring to FIG. 5, an exemplary configuration of
countermeasure device 100 is shown. Countermeasure device 100 includes a
housing 180 which houses system controller 154, power system 152, cooling
system 156 and laser source module 160 of optical transmitter system 150.
Provided on a lower side of housing 180 is positioning system 174.
Positioning systems 174 includes a housing 182 coupled to housing 180 and
a rotatable head 184 which is rotatable in directions 186 and 188. In one
embodiment, the rotatable head 184 has a pointing accuracy of up to 25
micro-radians. Rotatable head 184 includes an optical window 190 through
which output beam 176 is directed. Output beam 176 is generally a
directed beam and is not radiated in all directions. In one embodiment,
positioning system 174 also includes at least one reflector 179 which may
be controlled to alter the direction output beam 176 in directions 187
and 189. The reflector 179 may be tilted to alter the elevation of
collimated beam 176 by positioning system 174.

[0049] Housing 180, in the illustrated embodiment, is a pod which is
detectably coupled to airplane 102 (see FIG. 2). Referring to FIG. 5,
housing 180 includes a set of couplers 181 which cooperate with couplers
183 on asset to couple housing 180 to airplane 102. In one embodiment,
housing 180 is coupled to airplane 102 by any suitable conventional
mechanism which permits housing 180 to be later detached from airplane
102. An exemplary system is the coupling system used with the
AN/AAQ-28(V) LITENING targeting pod commercially available from Northrop
Grumman Corporation located in Los Angeles, Calif.

[0050] Returning to FIG. 1, power system 152 includes a power source 200.
In one embodiment, power source 200 is a plurality of batteries. The
batteries may be rechargable batteries. Exemplary rechargeable batteries
include lithium-ion batteries and lithium polymer batteries. Exemplary
lithium-ion batteries include commercially available cells, such as those
available from A123 Systems located in Watertown, Mass. In one
embodiment, a plurality of lithium-ion cells are assembled into a battery
pack 202 (see FIG. 5). In one embodiment, these cells have a nominal
amp-hour rating of 2.3 Ah and a nominal load voltage of 3.3 DCV/cell.
Based thereon, battery pack 202 should be able to deliver 52.8 Vat 2.3
amps for 1 hour. Under high load (10 C (10×5×2.3 or 115
Amps)) the voltage will "squat" to approximately 2.8 volts/cell. At this
level the battery pack 202 could deliver 45 Vat 115 amps (or 5 kW) for 6
min. Under severe load (20 C (20×5*2.3) or 230 amps)) the voltage
would squat to approximately 2.5 volts. At this level the battery pack
202 could deliver 40 V at 230 amps (or 9 kW) for about a half minute. In
one embodiment, battery pack 202 provides 28 VDC power for countermeasure
device 100.

[0051] The use of battery pack 202 allows high power to be provided to
laser source module 160 without causing a large power spike requirement
in the power system of asset 102. In essence, battery pack 202 acts as a
capacitor for laser source module 160.

[0052] In one embodiment, continuous wave laser 166 is a three kilowatt
Yterrbium single mode fiber laser such as ones commercially available
from IPG Photonics located at IPG Photonics Corporation, 50 Old Webster
Road Oxford, Mass. 01540 USA and power supply 152 provides about 28 VDC.
In general, commercial laser sources from IPG Photonics include an
AC-to-DC converter to convert power from an AC source to DC power for
continuous wave laser 166. Since power supply 152 already provides DC
power, when a commercial laser source is being used for continuous wave
laser 166 the AC-to-DC converter is removed and replaced with a DC
driving circuit 320 (see FIGS. 6 and 7) which corresponds high voltage
power supply 164. DC driving circuit 320 provides power from power supply
152 to continuous wave laser 166 and regulates the power level provided.

[0053] Referring to either FIG. 6 or FIG. 7, continuous wave laser 166 is
represented. Continuous wave laser 166, as explained in connection with
FIG. 4, includes a laser pump system 322 which includes a plurality of
laser diodes 310. Laser diodes 310 provide the pump energy for the lasing
medium 316 of continuous wave laser 166. The lasing medium 316 is
provided as part of a fiber optical cable. The output of the lasing
medium 316 is provided to optical conduit 170.

[0054] In FIG. 6, power supply 152 is coupled to laser diodes 183 through
DC driving circuit 320 which includes a single voltage regulator 326 that
powers laser diodes 310. In FIG. 7, power supply 152 is coupled to laser
diodes 310 through DC driving circuit 320 which includes a plurality of
current regulators 328. Each current regulator 328 provides the power to
one of the modules 300 (see FIG. 4) to provide power to the diodes of
that module 300.

[0055] Referring to either FIG. 6 or FIG. 7, power supply 152 may be
charged with a battery charger 330 coupled to a prime power source 332.
Battery charger 330 is contained within housing 180. Exemplary prime
power sources include a standard AC wall outlet. Power supply 152
includes a battery management interface 334 which controls the recharging
of the batteries with battery charger 330.

[0056] In one embodiment, power system 152 is recharged by a power source
338 of the asset 102. An exemplary power source 338 is a DC generator of
asset 102. Referring to FIG. 8, a controller of asset 102 determines if
asset 102 is operating and stationary (or otherwise operating at a low
power level), as represented by block 350. The controller checks an
operational sensor 352 to determine if asset 102 is operational.
Exemplary operational sensors include engine sensors which indicate the
operation of propulsion devices 108. The controller also checks in the
case of an airplane 102, a wheel down sensor 354, which indicates when
the landing gear of airplane 102 is lowered. If the controller determines
that airplane 102 is stationary (wheels down) and operational, then the
controller provides charging energy to battery charger 330, as
represented by block 356. In one embodiment, airplane 102 does not need
to be stationary, but rather only be operating at a low power level, such
as flying at a moderate speed. In this case, the controller monitors a
power load of airplane 102 and provides charging energy to battery
charger 330 when the power load is below a threshold amount.

[0057] Cooling system 156 provides cooling to the other components of
countermeasure device 100. In one embodiment, cooling system 156 provides
cooling to laser source module 160. In one embodiment, cooling system 156
provides cooling to laser source module 160 and the optical components of
beam control module 162. In one embodiment, cooling system 156 provides
cooling fluid to power system 152, laser source module 160, and the
optical components of beam control module 162. Cooling system 156 may be
either air-cooled or liquid cooled. Exemplary cooling systems are
provided from Thermo Tek, Inc. located at 1200 Lakeside Parkway, Suite
200 in Flower Mound, Tex.

[0058] As indicated in FIG. 1, the components of countermeasure device 100
are coupled to each other and to asset 102 through a digital
communication system. In one embodiment, the digital communication system
includes a common bus for the components within countermeasure device
100. Although a digital communication system is illustrated, any suitable
connection is acceptable between the components, such as analog
connections. In one embodiment, laser source module 160 is coupled to
enable input 143 and fire input 145 through discrete connections outside
of the digital communication system. Further, warning/cuing system 130 is
coupled to system controller 154 through a separate communication
connection. An exemplary communication connection is the MIL-STD-1553
Bus.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 9, in one embodiment, countermeasure device 100
also includes a target tracking and beam pointing system 210. Target
tracking and beam pointing system 210 monitors the scene surrounding
asset 102. In one embodiment, beam pointing system 210 includes a vision
system, illustratively a FLIR system 212, which provides images of the
scene surrounding asset 102. FLIR system 212, illustratively, has a
separate optical window 178 through which the vision system monitors the
location of mobile tracking device 110. In one embodiment, FLIR system
212 uses the same optical window 190 as output beam 176 and is bore
sighted to output beam 176.

[0060] Referring to FIGS. 10A and 10B, an operation of countermeasure
device 100 is illustrated. Referring to FIG. 10A, a check is made by a
controller 132 of asset 102 whether warning/cuing system 130 is active,
as represented by block 360. Further, warning/cuing system 130 is set to
survey mode, as represented by block 362. In survey mode, warning/cuing
system 130 monitors the environment around asset 102 to determine if a
mobile tracking device 110 is approaching asset 102, as represented by
block 364. If a mobile tracking device 110 is detected by warning/cuing
system 130, then the controller 132 of asset 102 determines the
coordinates of mobile tracking device 110, as represented by block 366.
Warning/cuing system 130 may also sound an alarm or provide another
indication of mobile tracking device 110 to the operator of asset 102.
Exemplary coordinates for the case when the asset is airplane 102 are the
azimuth and elevation angles of mobile tracking device 110 relative to
airplane 102.

[0061] The controller 132 of asset 102 passes the coordinates of mobile
tracking device 110 to countermeasure device 100, as represented by block
368. Countermeasure device 100 moves rotatable head 184 to the specified
angular position and FLIR system 212 is directed at the specified
coordinates. FLIR system 212 may be gimbaled to move independently within
housing 180. The controller 132 of asset 102 determines if mobile
tracking device 110 has acquired mobile tracking device 110 with tracking
module 210, as represented by block 370. If countermeasure device 100 has
not acquired mobile tracking device 110, new coordinates of mobile
tracking device 110 are determined and passed again to countermeasure
device 100. As such, countermeasure device 100 remains slaved to
controller 132. If countermeasure device 100 has acquired mobile tracking
device 110 then the initial coordinates corresponding to the lock on
location of mobile tracking device 110 are saved by system controller
154, as represented by block 371.

[0062] Next, system controller 154 of countermeasure device 100 checks to
see if countermeasure device 100 is authorized to fire continuous wave
laser 166, as represented by block 372. Continuous wave laser 166 is
authorized to fire when fire input 145 is set to fire. If continuous wave
laser 166 is not authorized to fire, then an indication of this is
provided to the operator of countermeasure device 100, as represented by
block 374. Exemplary indications include visual alarms, audio alarms,
tactile alarms, and combinations thereof. If continuous wave laser 166 is
authorized to fire, then continuous wave laser 166 is fired at mobile
tracking device 110. Beam control module 162 has already adjusted the
output direction of collimated beam 176 to coincide with the direction to
countermeasure device 100.

[0064] The position of beam control module 162 is monitored to determine
when it has moved a threshold amount, as represented by block 378. Once
mobile tracking device 110 has changed direction by a threshold amount,
it no longer is locked on asset 102 and the threat to asset 102 is
neutralized. This change in direction of mobile tracking device 110 is
indicated by the change in direction of beam control module 162 to keep
collimated beam 176 on mobile tracking device 110. Once the threshold
amount is reached, continuous wave laser 166 is deactivated as
represented by block 381. Control is again passed back to warning/cuing
system 130 to monitor for additional mobile tracking devices 110.

[0065] In one embodiment, the threshold amount is about 10 degrees in
either the azimuth or elevation directions. In one embodiment, the
threshold amount is about 5 degrees in either the azimuth or elevation
directions. In one embodiment, the threshold amount is about 3 degrees in
either the azimuth or elevation directions. In one embodiment, system
controller 154 monitors the time since mobile tracking device 110 was
acquired by countermeasure device 100 and deactivates continuous wave
laser 166 once a threshold amount of time has passed.

[0066] In one embodiment, beam pointing system 210 has a narrower field of
view than sensor modules 131 of warning/cuing system 130. As such, sensor
modules 131 are able to survey the surrounding environment for mobile
tracking device 110 approaching from various directions, while beam
pointing system 210 is fixed on the narrow portion of the environment
surrounding a detected mobile tracking device 110.

[0067] In one embodiment, warning/cuing system 130 is integrated into
countermeasure device 100 and system controller 154 detects the launch of
a mobile tracking device 110 based on the images captured by
warning/cuing system 130. Although various tasks are discussed as being
carried out by one of warning/cuing system 130, controller 132, and
system controller 154, these may be carried out by a common controller.

[0068] As mentioned herein output beam 176 is produced by a continuous
wave laser 166. Output beam 176 is able to defeat mobile tracking devices
110 which modulate the incoming electromagnetic radiation even though
output beam 176 is not pulsed and contains no jamming code. Output beam
176 is also effective against imaging detection systems of more advanced
mobile tracking device 110.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 11, a ship 380 is shown having a rudder 382 and
countermeasure device 100. Also shown is a second ship 384 having a
rudder 386 which directs the direction of travel of second ship 384.
Second ship 384 also incorporates a mobile tracking device 110. Second
ship 384 is attempting to track first ship 380 and close the distance
between first ship 380 and second ship 384. Mobile tracking device 110
generates course correction signals for second ship 384 so that second
ship 384 continues to close on first ship 380. In this example, mobile
tracking device 110 does not include a separate propulsion system 112 and
guidance system 114. Rather, second ship 384 has its own propulsion
system, such as an engine, and rudder 386 directs the travel path of
second ship 384 based on input from controller 116.

[0070] As illustrated in FIG. 3, telescope 120 of mobile tracking device
110 attempts to collect a large amount of electromagnet radiation to
extend the viewing range of the countermeasure device 100. The distance d
indicated in FIG. 11, corresponds to a viewing distance of mobile
tracking device 110 which is the distance at which mobile tracking device
110 is first able to detect first ship 380. At distances beyond distance
d, mobile tracking device 110 is not able to see first ship 380. Of
course, mobile tracking device 110 may be closer to first ship 380 than
the distance d and in fact over time mobile tracking device 110 tracks
first ship 380 so that second ship 384 closes the distance between second
ship 384 and first ship 380.

[0071] Countermeasure device 100, upon locking on the position of mobile
tracking device 110, fires continuous wave laser 166 such that output
beam 176 is received by telescope 120 of mobile tracking device 110.
Output beam 176 has different effects on mobile tracking device 110
depending on the separation of mobile tracking device 110 from
countermeasure device 100. Distance d is illustratively divided into
three bands, a near distance band 392, a mid distance band 394, and a far
distance band 396. At distances in near distance band 392, the energy of
output beam 176 explodes seeker head 115 and destroys mobile tracking
device 110. At distances in mid distance band 394, the energy of output
beam 176 destroys the functionality of detector 118. In one example, a
countermeasure device 100 including a 3 kW Yterrbium continuous fiber
laser as continuous wave laser 166 destroyed a focal plane array detector
of a mobile tracking device 110 at a distance of about 3 kilometers.

[0072] At distances in far distance band 396, the energy of output beam
176 produces a plurality of internal localized sources within mobile
tracking device 110. These internal localized sources are produced by the
energy of output beam 176 being absorbed by the optical components of
mobile tracking device 110 which then reradiate the absorbed energy in
multiple wavelengths, similar to a blackbody source. Referring to FIG. 3,
six internal localized sources 400 are illustrated. Sources 400A and 400B
correspond to filter 125. Source 400C corresponds to optical window 128.
Source 400D corresponds to secondary mirror 123. Source 400E corresponds
to primary mirror 121. Source 400F corresponds to optics 124. The sources
400 may be produced based on the absorption characteristics of the
material of each component or the presence of an imperfection in a
component. For instance, optical window 128 may become scratched during
travel resulting in an imperfection that produces source 400C. Although
six sources 400 are illustrated, a single source 400 or other number of
sources 400 may be produced at various times.

[0073] The source 400 produces infrared energy which is brighter than the
infrared signature of asset 102 being tracked by mobile tracking device
110. As such, controller 116 of mobile tracking device 110 interprets the
respective source 400 as asset 102 instead of asset 102 itself. If source
400 is off-axis, this will cause controller 116 to try to center source
400 resulting in error signal 129 being increased. Guidance system 114
will then turn mobile tracking device 110 in an attempt to center source
400. This results in mobile tracking device 110 turning away from the
location of asset 102. Since source 400 is radiating from a portion of
mobile tracking device 110, it cannot be centered. In one embodiment, the
power level of continuous wave laser 166 is about 3 kW exiting
countermeasure device 100.

[0074] Source 400 do not explode mobile tracking device 110, such as what
happens in near distance band 392, nor is detector 118 of mobile tracking
device 110 destroyed, such as what happens in mid distance band 394.
Rather, source 400 confuses controller 116 to believe that one or more
(if multiple sources) additional objects are present in the field of view
of mobile tracking device 110 with a higher intensity than asset 102.
Controller 116 tracks the brightest object in its field of view and thus
attempts to track one of sources 400, instead of asset 102.

[0075] In far distance band 396, mobile tracking device 110 is not
destroyed, but rather sent off course. As mobile tracking device 110
approaches countermeasure device 100 the power level of output beam 176
increases exponentially resulting in detector 118 being destroyed in mid
distance band 394 and/or mobile tracking device 110 exploding in near
distance band 392. Of course, if mobile tracking device 110 is engaged in
far distance band 396 mobile tracking device 110 likely will not enter
mid distance band 394 because mobile tracking device 110 will be directed
in a different direction due to output beam 176.

[0076] In one embodiment, a wavelength of the continuous wave laser 166
and a power of the continuous wave laser are selected to cause at least
one of an interference effect and a destructive effect to one of the
sensor of the mobile tracking device and a guidance system of the mobile
tracking device. In one embodiment, the interference effect is a heat
energy absorption of the continuous wave laser and a re-radiation of
energy within the guidance system of the mobile tracking device. In one
embodiment, the interference effect include at least one of heating and
electromagnetic interference which create an undesired interference with
the sensor or guidance system of the mobile tracking device. In one
embodiment, the destructive effect includes at least one of melting,
ablating, fracturing, signal destruction, data transfer destruction,
erasure of data, modification of data; unprogrammed signal inputs/outputs
from integrated circuits in one of the sensor of the mobile tracking
device and a guidance system of the mobile tracking device.

[0077] The effects of sources 400 are shown through a comparison of FIGS.
14 and 15 with FIGS. 12 and 13. Referring to FIG. 12, a typical response
of a mobile tracking device 110 in far distance band 396 is shown. The
degree of turn being carried out by a mobile tracking device 110 is
proportional to a voltage associated with a gyroscope of the seeker head
115. In FIG. 12, a raw voltage of detector 118 is shown as curve 250.
Also shown is the voltage associated with the gyroscope of the seeker
head 115 as curve 252. The amplitude of curve 252 corresponds to error
signal 129. The curve 252 shown in FIG. 12, represents a mobile tracking
device 110 which has locked onto an asset 102 and is following directly
behind the asset 102. The Fourier transform of curve 250 is shown in FIG.
13. As shown in FIG. 13, the spectrum 254 for curve 250 is generally
tightly defined around 1000 Hz. This is generally consistent with the
modulation scheme of the mobile tracking device 110 when it is inline
with asset 102.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 14, a 3 kilowatt, continuous wave, infrared,
Ytterbium single mode fiber laser with an m2 of 1 was used as
continuous wave laser 166 of countermeasure device 100 associated with an
asset 102. In tests, a mobile tracking device 110 was fired at asset 102.
Countermeasure device 100 directed a continuous beam of optical energy
176 at the optical window 128 of mobile tracking device 110. The
continuous beam of optical energy causes the generation of sources 400
which are falsely recognized by mobile tracking device 110 as asset 102.

[0079] Referring to FIG. 14, the corresponding curves 250' and 252' for
the above example are shown. A first portion 260 of curve 250' (and
corresponding portion 262 of curve 252') are shown prior to activation of
continuous wave laser 166. As shown by portion 262, the travel of mobile
tracking device 110 is fairly straight. Continuous wave laser 166 is
activated at point 264. This results in detector 118 being flooded with
IR energy as represented by the increase in amplitude of curve 250' and
the generation of sources 400. The generation of sources 400 appears to
be later in time potentially indicating the need for the components of
mobile tracking device 110 to heat up to cause sources 400. At portion
264 of curve 252' controller 116 is instructing guidance system 114 to
turn mobile tracking device 110 more aggressively. This increase in
turning of mobile tracking device 110 increases in portion 266 even as
the intensity of curve 250' falls in portion 268. This fall in intensity
is indicative of mobile tracking device 110 moving far off course so that
not as much of collimated beam 176 enters optical window 128. As shown in
FIG. 15, the spectrum 254' for curve 250' is considerably broadened
compared to spectrum 254 of FIG. 12.

[0080] Referring to FIG. 16, mobile tracking device 110 is traveling in a
direction towards asset 102, as represented by block 410. This is
illustrated in FIG. 2A wherein an airborne mobile tracking device 110 is
shown traveling in direction 412 towards asset 102. As explained herein,
countermeasure device 100 fires continuous wave laser 166 to direct
output beam 176 towards mobile tracking device 110. This causes the
generation of at least one localized source 400 within mobile tracking
device 110 which is within a field of view of mobile tracking device 110.
These one or more localized sources 400 are brighter than the infrared
energy radiated from asset 102 and are generated at locations which do
not correspond with the current direction 412 of mobile tracking device
110, as represented by block 414 in FIG. 16. As such, controller 116
attempts to point mobile tracking device 110 at the brighter source 400
and in doing so changes the direction of mobile tracking device 110 to
direction 416 as shown in FIG. 2B. Beam control module 162 alters the
direction of output beam 176 to coincide with the new direction of mobile
tracking device 110, as represented by block 420 in FIG. 16. This again
causes the generation of the localized sources 400 within mobile tracking
device 110 which are within a field of view of mobile tracking device
110. As such, controller 116 attempts to point mobile tracking device 110
at the brighter source 400 and in doing so changes the direction of
mobile tracking device 110 to direction 422 as shown in FIG. 2C. Beam
control module 162 alters the direction of output beam 176 to coincide
with the new direction of mobile tracking device 110. Once again this
causes the generation of the localized sources 400 within mobile tracking
device 110 which are within a field of view of mobile tracking device
110. As such, controller 116 attempts to point mobile tracking device 110
at the brighter source 400 and in doing so changes the direction of
mobile tracking device 110 to direction 424 as shown in FIG. 2D. In
moving beam control module 162 to track mobile tracking device 110 along
the direction 424, rotatable head 184 exceeds the threshold rotation
amount and continuous wave laser 166 is deactivated, as shown in FIG. 2D.

[0081] Unlike prior art countermeasure devices, countermeasure device 100
is not mobile tracking device 110 specific. Rather, countermeasure device
100 is effective against both imaging and non-imaging mobile tracking
devices 110. Countermeasure device 100 relies on the continuous provision
of optical energy into mobile tracking device 110 to produce localized
sources 400 within the field of view of mobile tracking device 110 such
that detector 118 is confused as to the location of asset 102.

[0082] In another example of the use of countermeasure device 100, a 3 kW,
continuous wave, infrared, Ytterbium single mode fiber laser was used as
continuous wave laser 166 of countermeasure device 100 associated with an
asset 102. In tests, a plurality of different mobile infrared mobile
tracking devices 110 were fired at asset 102 while asset 102 was at
ground level. Countermeasure device each time 100 directed output beam
176 at the optical window of the respective mobile tracking device 110.
The countermeasure device 100 was effective against all of the plurality
of different mobile tracking device 110 at a range of up to about 1250
meters from countermeasure device 100. A computer model was made wherein
asset 102 was at ground level, a wavelength of continuous wave laser 166
was set to 1.07 μm, and values for additional parameters
countermeasure device 100 and mobile tracking device 110 were set. The
computer model provided a predicted range of up to 1290 meters for a
plurality of different mobile tracking device 110. This computer model
demonstrated good agreement with the experimentally obtained range of up
to 1250 meters.

[0083] In a further example of the use of countermeasure device 100, a 3
kilowatt, continuous wave, infrared, Ytterbium single mode fiber laser
was used as continuous wave laser 166 of countermeasure device 100
associated with an asset 102. In tests, a specific mobile tracking device
110 was fired at asset 102 while asset 102 was at ground level.
Countermeasure device 100 directed output beam 176 at the optical window
of mobile tracking device 110. The countermeasure device 100 was
effective against the specific mobile tracking device 110 at a range of
up to about 2650 meters from countermeasure device 100. The
above-mentioned computer model provided a predicted range of up to 2440
meters for the specific mobile tracking device 110. This demonstrates
good agreement with the experimentally obtained range of up to 2650
meters.

[0084] Returning to FIG. 9, in one embodiment, beam pointing system 210
further includes a laser designator system 214. Laser designator system
214 includes a pulsed laser which is directed at mobile tracking device
110 and reflected therefrom. Based on the reflected signal, laser
designator system 214 is able to determine a distance from countermeasure
device 100 to mobile tracking device 110. In the case wherein
countermeasure device 100 includes focusing optics 177 or wherein beam
expander 172 may be focused, one of system controller 154 and beam
pointing system 210 adjusts a focal length of focusing optics 177 to
focus output beam 176 at the location of mobile tracking device 110. In
one embodiment, output beam 176 is focused at a distance shorter than the
determined range to mobile tracking device 110, the distance being chosen
based on an estimated speed of mobile tracking device 110. In one
embodiment, this distance corresponds to the expected position of mobile
tracking device 110 based on assumptions regarding the relative
difference in speed between asset 102 and mobile tracking device 110. In
one embodiment, the estimated speed of mobile tracking device 110 is
selected based on the type of mobile tracking device 110 which is
identified based on a retro-reflection received from mobile tracking
device 110.

[0085] Laser designator system 214, illustratively, has a separate optical
window 215 through which the laser beam of laser designator system 214 is
sent out of countermeasure device 100 and the reflection from mobile
tracking device 110 is received to determine the distance to mobile
tracking device 110. In one embodiment, laser designator system 214 uses
the same optical window 190 as output beam 176 and is bore sighted to
output beam 176.

[0086] In one embodiment, continuous laser 166 is replaced with a
plurality of laser sources the output of which are combined by presenting
the output of each proximate the focus of beam expander 172. In one
embodiment, a first output fiber corresponding to a first laser source is
surrounded by a plurality of output fibers from a respective plurality of
laser sources. The outputs of each of the fibers are incoherently
combined to scale the overall laser power to a high level which may be
damage or destroy large targets. In one embodiment, the outputs at the
input to beam expander 172 are positioned to produce a generally Gaussian
beam in the far field of beam expander 172.

[0087] While this invention has been described as having an exemplary
design, the present invention may be further modified within the spirit
and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to
cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its
general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such
departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary
practice in the art to which this invention pertains.

Patent applications in class IRRADIATION OF OBJECTS OR MATERIAL

Patent applications in all subclasses IRRADIATION OF OBJECTS OR MATERIAL