ATLANTIC OCEAN

This elaborate elegant Portuguese portolan chart depicts
the Atlantic Ocean, the southeast Pacific Ocean, the southwest Indian
Ocean, as well as the continents of South America, Africa, Europe, and
portions of North America and Asia. Chart emphasizes the Atlantic Ocean
as well as the cities, towns, and physical features along the coasts
of the various continents included. Some information for the interior
regions of continents is also provided. Flags and standards of European
powers and of Turkey denote possessions. Over Iberia, the Portuguese
and Spanish flags appear side by side, suggesting the dual kingdom existing
from 1580 to 1640. Of particular note is the image of the Portuguese
settlement of La Mina in Ghana with the fort and its native population.
In South America, an exaggerated Paraguay and Marañon River system
separates Brazil from Spanish America suggesting Brazil is an island.
Possessions of the French, Dutch, and English (Virginia) are noted by
standards in North America. Map also includes various religious images,
e.g. Our Lady of the Nativity, St. Anthony, The Immaculate Conception,
and the Crucifixion, and multiple decorative wind roses. For further
information about this chart, see NauticalChartsonVellumintheLibraryofCongress
(Washington: Library of Congress, 1977).

This ambitious and well executed map of the coasts
of Europe, West Africa, Northern South America, Eastern North America,
and the Carribean region, includes coastlines, coastal features, shoals,
and settlements; map also includes an elaborate cartouche in the form
of a boulder. This map is part of the G&M Division's collection
from the Real Escuela de Navegación, Cadiz, Spain purchased from
Maggs Brothers, London.

This is a decorative Portuguese chart of the Atlantic
Ocean and the coastlines of South America, Africa, Europe, and Newfoundland.
Map also includes coastal features, navigational hazards, European standards
denoting possessions in Africa and Brazil, ornate wind roses, and a
pictorial representation of the Portuguese fortification of Mina in
present day Ghana. Map recognizes the Portuguese claims at Colonia (do
Sacramento) on the Río de la Plata. No reference to Portugal
is found in the Iberian peninsula, only the name "Espanha" appears.
Distinctive latitude and longitude lines are shown in the middle of
the ocean.

This large scale map of the Atlantic Ocean with the
coasts of Iberia, West Africa, Northern South America, the Carribean
Islands, New England, and Nova Scotia, includes coastlines, coastal
features, representations of vessels, rhumb lines, and lines in blue
and red ink indicating seasonal navigation routes. Notes along these
seasonal navigation routes include: "Derrota que otros Navios hasen
en tiempo de Verano" and "Derrota que hasen los Navios que van para
la Costa de Ginea, Buenos ayres, y Cavo de Hornos". Map also includes
the shield of the Real Escuela de Navegación, Cadiz. This map
is part of the G&M Division's collection from the Real Escuela de
Navegación, Cadiz, Spain purchased from Maggs Brothers, London.

This is a decorative, colorful, and detailed sea chart
of the South Atlantic and portions of the South American and African
coastlines by John Thornton (fl. 1669-1701). He was a notable English
cartographer of the Thames School of Chartmakers and was hydrographer
both of the Hudson Bay Company and of the East India Company. Most of
the charts in the New York Public Library's ca. 1710 Sea-Atlas
formerly attributed to his son, Samuel Thornton, are now attributed
to him. He also published printed charts. This 1681 chart includes coastlines,
coastal features, navigational hazards, islands, an ornate wind rose,
several sets of rhumb lines, and an elaborate framed scale scroll. For
further information on this chart, see NauticalChartsonVellumintheLibraryofCongress (Washington: Library of Congress, 1977). In that work,
it is suggested that this chart was among several produced principally
for voyages between the Cape of Good Hope and England; however, substantial
data on the map regarding the coasts of Brazil and Uruguay and a reference
to the "Rio de Plata" would suggest British interest in contemporary
Portuguese expansion into that part of South America.

This map of the Pacific Ocean from California and
Mexico to the Philippines, Taiwan, and South China includes coastlines,
coastal features, and settlements. This map is part of the G&M Division's
collection from the Real Escuela de Navegación, Cadiz, Spain
purchased from Maggs Brothers, London.