On August 22, 1972, first-time crook Sonny Wortzik (Al Pacino), his friend Salvatore "Sal" Naturale (John Cazale), and Stevie (Gary Springer) attempt to rob the First Brooklyn Savings Bank. The plan immediately goes awry when Stevie loses his nerve shortly after Sal pulls out his gun, and Sonny is forced to let him flee the scene; in the vault, Sonny discovers that he and Sal have arrived after the daily cash pickup, and only $1,100 in cash remains in the bank.

To compensate, Sonny takes a number of traveler's cheques, he attempts to prevent the cheques from being traced by burning the bank's register in a trash can, but this causes smoke to billow out the side of the building, alerting the business across the street to suspicious activities. Within minutes, the building is surrounded by the police. Unsure of what to do, the two robbers camp out in the bank, holding all the workers hostage.

Police Detective Sergeant Eugene Moretti (Charles Durning) calls the bank to tell Sonny the police have arrived. Sonny warns that he and Sal have hostages and will kill them if anyone tries coming into the bank. Sal tells Sonny that he is ready to kill the hostages if necessary. Detective Moretti acts as hostage negotiator, while FBI Agent Sheldon (James Broderick) monitors his actions.

Howard Calvin (John Marriott), the security guard, has an asthma attack, so Sonny releases him when Moretti asks for a hostage as a sign of good faith. Moretti convinces Sonny to step outside the bank to see how aggressive the police forces are. Using head teller Sylvia "The Mouth" (Penelope Allen) as a shield, Sonny exits the bank and begins a dialogue with Moretti that culminates in his shouting "Attica! Attica!" (invoking the recent Attica Prison riot), and the civilian crowd starts cheering for Sonny.

After realizing they cannot make a simple getaway, Sonny demands that a helicopter be landed on the roof to fly him and Sal out of the country. When they are informed that the asphalt roof of the bank will not support a helicopter, Sonny demands that a vehicle drive him and Sal to an airport so that they can board a jet, he also demands pizzas (which are delivered to the scene) for the hostages and that his wife be brought to the bank. When Sonny's wife, Leon Shermer (Chris Sarandon), a pre-operative transgender woman, arrives, she reveals to the crowd and officials one of Sonny's reasons for robbing the bank is to pay for Leon's sex reassignment surgery, and that Sonny also has an estranged divorced wife, Angie (Susan Peretz), and children.

As night sets in, the lights in the bank all shut off. Sonny goes outside again and discovers that Agent Sheldon has taken command of the scene, he refuses to give Sonny any more favors, but when the bank manager, Mulvaney (Sully Boyar), goes into a diabetic shock, Agent Sheldon lets a doctor (Philip Charles MacKenzie) through. While the doctor is inside the bank, Sheldon convinces Leon to talk to Sonny on the phone.

The two have a lengthy conversation that reveals Leon had attempted suicide to "get away from" Sonny, he had been hospitalized at the psychiatric ward of Bellevue Hospital until the police brought him to the scene. Leon turns down Sonny's offer to join him and Sal wherever they take the plane. Sonny tells police listening to the phone call that Leon had nothing to do with the robbery attempt.

After the phone call, the doctor asks Sonny to let Mulvaney leave, and Sonny agrees. However, Mulvaney refuses to leave, insisting upon remaining with his employees.

The FBI calls Sonny out of the bank again, they have brought his mother to the scene. She unsuccessfully tries persuading him to give himself up, and Agent Sheldon signals that a limousine will arrive in 10 minutes to take them to a waiting jet. Once back inside the bank, Sonny writes out his will, leaving money from his life insurance to Leon for her sex change and to Angie.

When the limousine arrives, Sonny checks it for any hidden weapons or booby traps. When he decides the car is satisfactory, he settles on Agent Murphy (Lance Henriksen) to drive Sonny, Sal, and the remaining hostages to Kennedy Airport. Per Sonny's earlier agreement, an additional hostage, Edna (Estelle Omens) is released, and the remaining hostages get into the limousine with Sonny and Sal. Sonny sits in the front next to Murphy while Sal sits behind them. Murphy repeatedly asks Sal to point his gun at the roof so Sal won't accidentally shoot him.

As they wait on the airport tarmac for the plane to taxi into position, Maria is released and gives Sal her rosary beads to help him through his first plane journey. Murphy again reminds Sal to aim his gun up so he does not fire by accident. Sal does so, and Agent Sheldon forces Sonny's weapon onto the dashboard, creating a distraction which allows Murphy to pull a revolver hidden in his armrest and shoot Sal in the head. Sonny is immediately arrested, and the hostages are all escorted to the terminal, the film ends with Sonny watching Sal's body being taken from the car on a stretcher. Subtitles reveal that Sonny was sentenced to 20 years in prison, Angie and her children subsisted on welfare, and Leon had her sex reassignment surgery.

The LIFE article described Wojtowicz as "a dark, thin fellow with the broken-faced good looks of an Al Pacino or Dustin Hoffman".[3] Hoffman would later be offered the role when Pacino briefly quit the production. An 18-year-old actor was originally to be cast in the role of Sal to match the age of the actual Salvatore,[5] the table below summarizes the main cast of Dog Day Afternoon.[3]

After being apprehended, Wojtowicz was convicted in court and sentenced to 20 years in prison, of which he served six.[6]

Wojtowicz wrote a letter to The New York Times in 1975 out of concern that people would believe the version of the events portrayed in the film, which he said was "only 30% true", some of Wojtowicz's objections included the portrayal of his wife Carmen Bifulco, the conversation with his mother that Wojtowicz claimed never happened, and the refusal of police to let him speak to his wife Carmen (unlike what was portrayed in the film). He did, however, praise Al Pacino and Chris Sarandon's portrayals of him and his wife Elizabeth Eden as accurate.[7] Also, although Sal was 18 years old, he is portrayed in the film by then 39-year-old John Cazale.

The film shows Sonny making out a will to give Leon his life insurance so that if Sonny should be killed, Leon might still be able to pay for the operation, the real-life Wojtowicz was paid $7,500 ($36,400 today), plus 1% of the film's net profits, for the rights to his story, from which he gave to Eden enough to pay for her sexual reassignment surgery.[8] Aron became Elizabeth Debbie Eden,[9] she died of complications from AIDS in Genesee Hospital, in Rochester, New York, in 1987.[10] Wojtowicz died of cancer in January 2006.

The original inspiration for the film was an article written by P. F. Kluge and Thomas Moore for LIFE in September 1972. The article included many of the details later used in the film and noted the relationship which Wojtowicz and Naturale developed with hostages and the police. Bank manager Robert Barrett said, "I'm supposed to hate you guys [Wojtowicz/Naturale], but I've had more laughs tonight than I've had in weeks. We had a kind of camaraderie." Teller Shirley Bell said, "[I]f they had been my houseguests on a Saturday night, it would have been hilarious."[3] The novelization of the film was penned by organized crime writer Leslie Waller.

The film has no musical score other than three songs, which are diegetic—"Amoreena" by Elton John (which first appeared on his 1970 album Tumbleweed Connection), which Sonny, Sal, and Stevie are listening to in their car in the opening credits—, the Faces song "Stay with Me", and "Easy Livin" by Uriah Heep, which both briefly play on the radio during scenes inside the bank.[12] Although many scenes within the bank establish the temperature was quite hot during the robbery, some outdoor sequences were shot in weather cool enough that actors had to put ice in their mouths to stop their breath from showing on camera.[13] Exterior shots were filmed on location on Prospect Park West between 17th and 18th Street in Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn, the interior shots of the bank were filmed in a set created in a warehouse.[14][15]

Though the actors kept to the basic text of the script as written by Frank Pierson, director Lumet encouraged them to improvise and workshop scenes to create more natural dialogue. Changes made through this process included Cazale's memorable reply when asked what country he'd like to go to ("Wyoming"), and Durning and Pacino's aggressive dialogue after shots are fired within the bank.[16]

Although Dog Day Afternoon was released nationally in 1975, it is based on events that took place in Brooklyn three years earlier, in 1972, during this era of thick and extremely heavy opposition to the Vietnam war, "anti-establishment" Sonny repeats the counter-cultural war cry, "Attica!", in reference to the 1971 Attica Prison riots.[17]

Upon its release, Dog Day Afternoon received largely positive reviews, the film holds a 95% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[18]Vincent Canby called it "Sidney Lumet's most accurate, most flamboyant New York movie" and praised the "brilliant characterizations" by the entire cast.[19]Roger Ebert called Sonny "one of the most interesting modern movie characters" and gave the movie three-and-a-half stars out of four.[20]

As time has passed, the film has continued to generate a positive critical reception, for example, Christopher Null wrote in 2006 that the film "captures perfectly the zeitgeist of the early 1970s, a time when optimism was scraping rock bottom and John Wojtowicz was as good a hero as we could come up with".[21]

P.F. Kluge, coauthor of the article that inspired the film, believed the filmmakers "stayed with the surface of a lively journalistic story" and that the film had a "strong, fast-paced story" without "reflection" or "a contemplative view of life".[2]

Dog Day Afternoon ranks 443rd on Empire's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[22]Vrij Nederland named the bank robbery scene the third best bank robbery in film history, behind bank robbery scenes from Raising Arizona (1987) and Heat (1995).[23]

^Null, Christopher (February 28, 2006). "Dog Day Afternoon". Archived from the original on 2006-03-30. Today Dog Day Afternoon is an unabashed classic, a template by which other movies are based and a formula which is periodically tweaked and refined. There are few things you can complain about in Dog Day -- a second act that relies on a few too many variations of the same "the cops are scheming" bit, and that's about it, but Pacino's fiery performance and Sidney Lumet's perfect direction does more than create a great crime movie. It captures perfectly the zeitgeist of the early 1970s, a time when optimism was scraping rock bottom and John Wojtowicz was as good a hero as we could come up with.

1.
Sidney Lumet
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Sidney Arthur Lumet was an American director, producer and screenwriter with over 50 films to his credit. He was nominated for the Academy Award as Best Director for 12 Angry Men, Dog Day Afternoon, Network, and The Verdict. The Encyclopedia of Hollywood states that Lumet was one of the most prolific filmmakers of the modern era and he was noted by Turner Classic Movies for his strong direction of actors, vigorous storytelling and the social realism in his best work. Film critic Roger Ebert described him as having one of the finest craftsmen. Lumet was also known as an director, having worked with the best of them during his career. Sean Connery, who acted in five of his films, considered him one of his directors. A member of the cohort of New Yorks Actors Studio, Lumet began his directorial career in Off-Broadway productions. His first movie was typical of his best work, a well-acted, tightly written, as a result of directing 12 Angry Men, he was also responsible for leading the first wave of directors who made a successful transition from TV to movies. In 2005, Lumet received an Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement for his brilliant services to screenwriters, performers, two years later, he concluded his career with the acclaimed drama Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead. A few months after Lumets death in April 2011, a celebration of his work was held at New Yorks Lincoln Center with the appearance of numerous speakers. In 2015, Nancy Buirski directed By Sidney Lumet, a documentary about his career, Lumet was born in Philadelphia to parents of Jewish descent. He studied theater acting at the Professional Childrens School of New York, Lumets parents, Baruch and Eugenia Lumet, were both veterans of the Yiddish theatre. His father, who was an actor, director, producer and writer, was a Polish Jewish emigrant to the United States who was born in Warsaw, Lumets mother, who was a dancer, died when he was a child. He made his debut on radio at age four and stage debut at the Yiddish Art Theatre at age five. As a child he appeared in many Broadway plays, including 1935s Dead End. In 1935, aged 11, he appeared in a Henry Lynn short film, Papirossen, the film was shown in a theatrical play with the same title, based on a hit song, Papirosn. The play and short film appeared in the Bronx McKinley Square Theatre, in 1939, he made his only feature-length film appearance, at age 15, in. One Third of a Nation. In 1939, World War II interrupted his acting career

2.
Martin Bregman
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Martin Bregman is an American film producer and former personal manager. Bregman was born in New York City, to Leon and Ida, as a child, he suffered from polio. He began his career selling insurance and first got into the entertainment business as a night club agent, Bregman ventured into film producing in 1973, building projects around Pacino, initially with the Sidney Lumet directed Serpico. The films acclaim set the path for more highly acclaimed collaborations with Pacino, including Dog Day Afternoon in 1975, Scarface in 1983. Beginning in 1979 with The Seduction of Joe Tynan, and for most of the 1980s and their creative and business partnership yielded such well received films as The Four Seasons in 1981, Sweet Liberty in 1986, A New Life in 1988 and Betsys Wedding, in 1990. Other notable films include 1999s The Bone Collector with Denzel Washington and 2002s The Adventures of Pluto Nash, starring Eddie Murphy, Bregman has also produced two short-lived television shows, 1980s S*H*E and 1984s The Four Seasons, with Alda, based on the films. Martin Bregman at the Internet Movie Database The Shadow

Martin Bregman
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Martin Bregman attending The Tribeca Film Festival

3.
Al Pacino
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Alfredo James Al Pacino is an American actor of stage and screen, filmmaker, and screenwriter. DeMille Award, and the National Medal of Arts and he is also one of few performers to have won a competitive Oscar, an Emmy and a Tony Award for acting, dubbed the Triple Crown of Acting. He achieved international acclaim and recognition for his role as Michael Corleone in Francis Ford Coppolas The Godfather. He received his first Oscar nomination and would reprise the role in the successful sequels The Godfather Part II. Pacinos performance as Corleone is now regarded as one of the greatest screen performances in film history, for his performances in The Godfather, Dick Tracy and Glengarry Glen Ross, Pacino was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. A lifelong fan of Shakespeare, Pacino directed and starred in Looking for Richard, a film about the play Richard III. He has also acted as Shylock in a 2004 feature film adaptation, since 1994, Pacino has been the joint president of the Actors Studio with Ellen Burstyn and Harvey Keitel. Pacino was born in New York City, to Sicilian-American parents Salvatore Pacino and Rose and his mother moved to The Bronx to live with her parents, Kate and James Gerardi, who, coincidentally, had come from a town in Sicily named Corleone. His father, who was from San Fratello in the Province of Messina, moved to Covina, California, in his teen years Sonny, as he was known to his friends, aimed to become a baseball player, and was also nicknamed The Actor. Pacino went through Herman Ridder Junior High School, but in secondary school dropped out of many classes and he attended the High School of Performing Arts, but dropped out of school at age 17. His mother disagreed with his decision, they argued and he left home and he worked at low-paying jobs, messenger, busboy, janitor, and postal clerk, to finance his acting studies. He once worked in the room for Commentary magazine. He began smoking and drinking at age nine, and took up casual cannabis use at age 13 and his two closest friends died from drug abuse at the ages of 19 and 30. Growing up in The Bronx, he got into fights and was considered something of a troublemaker at school. He acted in basement plays in New Yorks theatrical underground but was rejected for the Actors Studio while a teenager, Pacino then joined the Herbert Berghof Studio, where he met acting teacher Charlie Laughton, who became his mentor and best friend. In this period, he was unemployed and homeless, and sometimes slept on the street, in theaters. In 1962, his mother died at the age of 43, the following year, Pacinos grandfather James Gerardi, one of the most influential people in his life, also died. After four years at HB Studio, Pacino successfully auditioned for the Actors Studio, the Actors Studio is a membership organization of professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City

4.
John Cazale
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John Holland Cazale was an American actor. He appeared in archival footage in The Godfather Part III, also nominated for Best Picture, Cazale chose to continue acting despite being diagnosed with lung cancer. He died in New York City on March 13,1978, Theatre producer Joseph Papp called Cazale an amazing intellect, an extraordinary person and a fine, dedicated artist. Cazale was born in Revere, Massachusetts, to an Irish-American mother, Cecilia, and he attended high school at the Buxton School in Massachusetts. He studied drama at Oberlin College and Boston University, from which he graduated, Cazale moved to New York City and worked as a messenger at Standard Oil, where he met Al Pacino, another aspiring actor. Pacino recalled, When I first saw John, I instantly thought he was so interesting, everybody was always around him because he had a very congenial way of expressing himself. Cazale later won another Obie for the role in Horovitzs Line, where he was noticed by casting director Fred Roos. An Off-Broadway production of Archibald MacLeishs J. B. by the Equity Library Theatre opened on March 17,1962, at the Master Theatre and he also acted in a 1962 short film entitled The American Way, directed by Marvin Starkman. Cazale made his film debut, alongside Pacino, as Fredo Corleone in Francis Ford Coppolas The Godfather. The film broke box office records and made Pacino, Cazale and he reprised his role as Fredo Corleone in 1974 in The Godfather Part II. Bruce Fretts, in Entertainment Weekly, wrote that Cazales devastatingly raw turn intensifies the impact of the emotional climax. Actor and co-star Dominic Chianese said, John could open up his heart, thats a talent few actors have. Cazale co-starred with Gene Hackman in Coppolas The Conversation in 1974 and he again starred alongside Pacino in Sidney Lumets 1975 film Dog Day Afternoon. For his role as Sal he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, Sidney Lumet declared, One of the things that I love about the casting of John Cazale was that he had a tremendous sadness about him. I dont know where it came from, I dont believe in invading the privacy of the actors that I work with, but, my God — its there — every shot of him. And not just in this movie, but in Godfather II also, Cazale appeared in a sixth film, The Godfather Part III, in archive footage 12 years after his death. The Godfather Part III was also nominated for Best Picture and this marks the unique achievement of Cazales having every feature film in which he appeared be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Despite being diagnosed with lung cancer, Cazale continued work with his romantic partner, Meryl Streep

5.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan

6.
Crime drama
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy Wilder in 1957, the film starred Marlene Dietrich and Charles Laughton and is a classic example of a courtroom drama. In a courtroom drama, a charge is brought against one of the main characters, another major part is played by the lawyer representing the defendant in court and battling with the public prosecutor. He or she may enlist the services of an investigator to find out what really happened. However, in most cases it is not clear at all whether the accused is guilty of the crime or not—this is how suspense is created. Often, the private investigator storms into the courtroom at the very last minute in order to bring a new and this type of literature lends itself to the literary genre of drama focused more on dialogue and little or no necessity for a shift in scenery. The auditorium of the theatre becomes an extension of the courtroom, in Witness for the Prosecution, Leonard Vole, a young American living in England, is accused of murdering a middle-aged lady he met in the street while shopping. His wife hires the best lawyer available because she is convinced, or rather she knows, another classic courtroom drama is U. S. playwright Reginald Roses Twelve Angry Men, which is set in the jury deliberation room of a New York Court of Law. Eleven members of the jury, aiming at a verdict of guilty. The popularity of TV brought about the emergence of TV series featuring detectives, investigators, special agents, lawyers, in Britain, The Avengers about the adventures of gentleman agent John Steed and his partner, Emma Peel, achieved cult status. In Germany, Derrick became a household word, breaking Bad character Walter White is a methamphetamine drug manufacturer, this offered a different approach whereby the protagonist is the criminal instead of being the detective. Crime films may fall under several different subgenres and these include, Crime comedy - A hybrid of crime and comedy films. Mafia comedy looks at organized crime from a comical standpoint, humor comes from the incompetence of the criminals and/or black comedy. Examples include Analyze This, The Pope of Greenwich Village, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, In Bruges, tower Heist and Pain & Gain. Crime drama - A combination of crime and dramatic films, examples include such films as Straight Time and Badlands. Crime thriller - A thriller in which the characters are involved in crime, either in its investigation, as the perpetrator or, less commonly. While some action films could be labelled as such for merely having criminality and thrills, the emphasis in this genre is the drama, examples include Untraceable, Silence of the Lambs, Heat, Seven, Witness, Memories of Murder, The Call, and Running Scared

7.
Life (magazine)
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Life was an American magazine that ran weekly from 1883 to 1936 as a humor magazine with limited circulation. Time owner Henry Luce bought the magazine in 1936, solely so that he could acquire the rights to its name, Life was published weekly until 1972, as an intermittent special until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 to 2000. After 2000 Time Inc. continued to use the Life brand for special, Life returned to regularly scheduled issues when it became a weekly newspaper supplement from 2004 to 2007. The website life. com, originally one of the channels on Time Inc. s Pathfinder service, was for a time in the late 2000s managed as a joint venture with Getty Images under the name See Your World, LLC. On January 30,2012 the LIFE. com URL became a channel on Time. com. When Life was founded in 1883, it was developed as similar to the British magazine and it was published for 53 years as a general-interest light entertainment magazine, heavy on illustrations, jokes and social commentary. The Luce Life was the first all-photographic American news magazine, the magazines role in the history of photojournalism is considered its most important contribution to publishing. Life was wildly successful for two generations before its prestige was diminished by economics and changing tastes, Life was founded January 4,1883, in a New York City artists studio at 1155 Broadway, as a partnership between John Ames Mitchell and Andrew Miller. Mitchell held a 75 per cent interest in the magazine with the remainder by Miller, both men retained their holdings until their deaths. Miller served as secretary-treasurer of the magazine and was very successful managing the side of the operation. Mitchell, a 37-year-old illustrator who used a $10,000 inheritance to invest in the weekly magazine, Mitchell created the first Life name-plate with cupids as mascots, he later drew its masthead of a knight leveling his lance at the posterior of a fleeing devil. Mitchell took advantage of a new printing process using zinc-coated plates. This edge helped because Life faced stiff competition from the humor magazines Judge and Puck. Edward Sandford Martin was brought on as Lifes first literary editor, the motto of the first issue of Life was, While theres Life, theres hope. The new magazine set forth its principles and policies to its readers and we shall try to domesticate as much as possible of the casual cheerfulness that is drifting about in an unfriendly world. The magazine was a success and soon attracted the leading contributors. Among the most important was Charles Dana Gibson, three years after the magazine was founded, the Massachusetts native first sold Life a drawing for $4, a dog outside his kennel howling at the moon. Encouraged by a publisher who was also an artist, Gibson was joined in Life early days by such illustrators as Palmer Cox

Life (magazine)
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Cover art for Life, 27 January 1910 issue, illustration by Coles Phillips.
Life (magazine)
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Logo of Life magazine
Life (magazine)
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A cover of the earlier Life magazine from 1911
Life (magazine)
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1922 cover, "The Flapper " by F. X. Leyendecker

8.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle

9.
John Wojtowicz
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John Stanley Wojtowicz was an American bank robber whose story inspired the 1975 film Dog Day Afternoon. Wojtowicz, the son of a Polish father and an Italian-American mother and they had two children, and separated in 1969. Wojtowicz later met Elizabeth Eden, in 1971 at an Italian feast in New York City, the two had a public wedding ceremony in 1971. On August 22,1972, Wojtowicz, along with Salvatore Naturale and Robert Westenberg, attempted to rob a branch of the Chase Manhattan bank at 450 Avenue P in Gravesend, the heist was meant to pay for Edens sex reassignment surgery. Wojtowicz and Naturale held seven Chase Manhattan bank employees hostage for 14 hours, Westenberg fled the scene before the robbery was underway when he saw a police car on the street. Wojtowicz, a bank teller, had some knowledge of bank operations. However, he based his plan on scenes from the movie The Godfather. Wojtowicz was arrested, but Naturale was killed by the FBI during the moments of the incident. Arthur Bell, a respected Village Voice columnist and investigative journalist who knew Wojtowicz, the attempted heist was, in fact, a well-planned Mafia operation that went horribly wrong. He made $7,500, which is approximately $40,000 today and he also received 1% of the movies net profit. Ultimately, this helped finance Edens sex reassignment surgery, Wojtowicz was released from prison on April 10,1978, but was rearrested in 1986 for violating his parole. Elizabeth Debbie Eden died of AIDS-related pneumonia in Rochester, New York, Wojtowiczs story was used as the basis for the film Dog Day Afternoon. The movie was released in 1975, starring Al Pacino as Wojtowicz and John Cazale, one of Pacinos co-stars in The Godfather, Elizabeth Eden, known as Leon in the film, was portrayed by actor Chris Sarandon. In 1975, Wojtowicz wrote a letter to The New York Times out of concern that people would believe the version of the events which he said was only 30% accurate. Other concerns he had that were fictionalized in the movie were that he never spoke to his mother and he praised Pacino and Sarandons characterizations of himself and Elizabeth Eden as accurate. In 2001, The New York Times reported that Wojtowicz was living on welfare in Brooklyn, John Wojtowicz died of cancer on January 2,2006, in his mothers home, at the age of 60. Wojtowicz was the subject of three documentaries, The Third Memory, Based on a True Story, and The Dog, juxtaposed with footage from Dog Day Afternoon, it demonstrates that Wojtowiczs memory appears to have been irrevocably altered by the film about his life. The Dog, ten years in the making by directors Allison Berg and Frank Keraudren, notes Further reading John Wojtowicz, Real Dog Day Hero Tells His Story, Jump Cut, no

John Wojtowicz
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Wojtowicz during the 1972 bank robbery

10.
Salvatore Naturale
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Salvatore Antonio Sal Naturale, also known as Donald Matterson was an American bank robber who, along with John Wojtowicz, inspired the 1975 film Dog Day Afternoon. In the film he is portrayed by actor John Cazale, little is known about Naturales background except for criminal acts he committed and that he lived in Manhattan, in the same neighborhood as John Wojtowicz. As a child growing up in Keansburg, New Jersey he had picked up and arrested on many charges of truancy, grand larceny, burglary. As a youth while incarcerated in prison he was victim to numerous acts of sodomy from older, stronger inmates. In the novelization of the crime by Patrick Mann, it is suggested that Naturale had connections with the Italian mafia in New York City, but he in fact had no known associations with organized crime. Naturale and Wojtowicz met at Dannys, a gay bar on Seventh Avenue South, a middle-aged man named Wallace Hamilton, who told reporters that he was a friend of Naturales, identified Naturales corpse at the city morgue following the robbery. On August 22,1972, Naturale attempted to rob a branch of the Chase Manhattan bank at 450 Avenue P in Gravesend, Brooklyn, the robbery was led by John Wojtowicz and Robert Westenberg. The robbers entered the bank armed with a.38 caliber handgun and carrying a box contained a shotgun. Westenberg was to provide the demand note to the manager but was unnerved by a police car on the street. Wojtowicz and Naturale then held seven Chase Manhattan bank employees hostage for fourteen hours. Wojtowicz, a bank teller, had some knowledge of bank operations, however, he had apparently based his plan on scenes from the movie The Godfather. Before the robbery, Naturale had informed Wojtowicz and Westenberg that he would die than go back to prison. He was seen by the police on the scene as being nervous, highly strung, the police feared that as more pressure was put on Naturale and Wojtowicz, it would cause them to be frightened and unbalanced, and they would become impossible to negotiate with on reasonable terms. During the robbery he was dressed in a business suit and tie. His last meal consisted of takeout pizza and soda pop, which he ate during the holdout at the bank with the hostages, the robbery was meant to fund the sex reassignment operation of Wojtowiczs male lover, Ernest Aron. Naturales share was to finance his two sisters removal from foster care and separation from their mother, who drank and neglected all three of her children, during the robbery, Naturale surveyed the street and alleyway, realizing that they were surrounded by police. It was later reported by the manager and tellers held hostage by him that he spoke often of the tremendous power of the. 30-06 rifle and his ability. He was more feared by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and New York City Police Department during the situation than the more stable Wojtowicz

Salvatore Naturale
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Mug shot of Naturale

11.
Anti-establishment
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An anti-establishment view or belief is one which stands in opposition to the conventional social, political, and economic principles of a society. The term was first used in the sense in 1958. In the UK anti-establishment figures and groups are seen as those who argue or act against the ruling class, in particular, satirical humour is commonly used to undermine the deference shown by the majority of the population towards those who govern them. Anti-establishment themes also can be seen in the novels of such as Will Self. Individuals who were anti-establishment often spoke of fighting the man, selling out to the Establishment, the Establishment to these, and these anti-establishment activists was not simply the people of the older generation. Social critic and peoples historian Howard Zinn defines the establishment as Republicans, Democrats, newspapers television in his book, later Zinn calls out the huge military establishment which one could assume is part of his definition of the Establishment. What counts then is his ability to support from the leaders of key institutions in a society. This coalition must include key people in Congress, the branch. The anti-Establishment push began in the 1940s and simmered through the 1950s, many World War II veterans, who had seen horrors and inhumanities, began to question every aspect of life, including its meaning. Urged to return to lives and plagued by post traumatic stress disorder, many veterans found suburbia cloying. A vague unease spawned diverse paths, the Hells Angels were originally composed of WWII veterans feeling rebellious, the name came from WWII fighting units. The image of Marlon Brando as a rebel in The Wild One and James Dean as a Rebel Without a Cause horrified some Americans. Some veterans, who founded the Beat Movement, were denigrated as Beatniks, lawrence Ferlinghetti wrote a Beat autobiography that cited his wartime service. Many people craved angry true commentary such as Lenny Bruces acid-tongued comedy, or simply a desire for personal freedom. Playboy magazine, with its famous nudes, was the first skin mag sold alongside national magazines, many women also harbored a deep resentment. During the war years, they had encouraged to assume mens roles in industry. Rosie the Riveter was a national icon, but after the war, women were forced to give up their jobs and become homemakers. This general dissatisfaction was popularized by Peggy Lees laconic pop song Is That All There Is and it wasnt until the Baby Boomers came along in huge numbers that protest became organized, who were named by the Beats as little hipsters

12.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze

13.
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States, the Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D. C. it also maintains the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, which houses the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center. The Library of Congress claims to be the largest library in the world and its collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 450 languages. Two-thirds of the books it acquires each year are in other than English. The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for years in the temporary national capitals of New York. John J. Beckley, who became the first Librarian of Congress, was two dollars per day and was required to also serve as the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s, most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books. After a period of growth, another fire struck the Library in its Capitol chambers in 1851, again destroying a large amount of the collection. The Library received the right of transference of all copyrighted works to have two copies deposited of books, maps, illustrations and diagrams printed in the United States. It also began to build its collections of British and other European works and it included several stories built underground of steel and cast iron stacks. Although the Library is open to the public, only high-ranking government officials may check out books, the Library promotes literacy and American literature through projects such as the American Folklife Center, American Memory, Center for the Book, and Poet Laureate. James Madison is credited with the idea for creating a congressional library, part of the legislation appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress. And for fitting up an apartment for containing them. Books were ordered from London and the collection, consisting of 740 books and 3 maps, was housed in the new Capitol, as president, Thomas Jefferson played an important role in establishing the structure of the Library of Congress. The new law also extended to the president and vice president the ability to borrow books and these volumes had been left in the Senate wing of the Capitol. One of the only congressional volumes to have survived was a government account book of receipts and it was taken as a souvenir by a British Commander whose family later returned it to the United States government in 1940. Within a month, former president Jefferson offered to sell his library as a replacement

Library of Congress
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Construction of the Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888, to May 15, 1894.
Library of Congress
Library of Congress
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The West façade of the Library of Congress in 1898
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress inside the U.S. Capitol Building c. 1890

14.
National Film Registry
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The National Film Registry is the United States National Film Preservation Boards selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992,1996,2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPBs mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, the 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old, for the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion, the ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB, the NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been released in the traditional sense. As of the 2016 listing, there are 700 films preserved in the Registry, currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete, and the most recent is 13 Lakes. Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each by year of completion, the years with the most films selected are 1928,1939, the time between a films debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years, Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891, the shortest span is the minimum 10 years, this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, Fargo and 13 Lakes. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted once by year of completion

National Film Registry
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Logo for the National Film Registry
National Film Registry
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The 47-second long The Kiss (1896) was one of the first films shown commercially to the public.
National Film Registry
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The Great Train Robbery (1903) used a variety of editing techniques that were becoming popular at the time of its release.
National Film Registry
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Although not the first animated film, Gertie the Dinosaur became the first popular cartoon.

15.
Hostage crisis
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Star Wars, The Clone Wars is an American 3D CGI animated television series created by Lucasfilm Animation, Lucasfilm Animation Singapore and CGCG Inc. On August 15,2008 the Star Wars, The Clone Wars film was released in theaters, it served as the pilot episode. The series made its debut on the American Cartoon Network on October 3,2008 and it is set in the fictional Star Wars galaxy, during the same time period as the previous 2003 Star Wars, Clone Wars series. The show itself takes place during the interim between Star Wars, Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. Each episode has a time of 22 minutes, to fill a half-hour time slot. Star Wars creator George Lucas originally claimed that there be at least 100 episodes produced, in total 121 episodes were produced in the series. The unreleased episodes that had already been produced are referred to as bonus content, on January 16,2014, the German television network Super RTL announced their plans to air the bonus content as a sixth season, which would consist of 13 episodes. Season 6, along with the seasons and the feature film, were made available on Netflix on March 7,2014. The season finale, Hostage Crisis, was broadcast on March 20,2009, the feature film has the production codes 1.01,1.03,1.04, and 1.18. Season 1 depicted the attempts of the Republic and the Separatists to gain the allegiance of many planets, the season two premiere, Holocron Heist, was broadcast on October 2,2009, and attracted 2.581 million viewers. Episode 15 was first released in Canada, episodes 16–21 were released in UK before airing in US. In Season 2, the Sith resort to hiring bounty hunters and mercenaries to steal objects, meanwhile, the Jedi lead the Republic forces in an assault on the primary battle droid manufacturing facility. The one-hour season finale combined of R2 Come Home and Lethal Trackdown, was broadcast on April 30,2010, the season three premiere, consisting of Clone Cadets and ARC Troopers, was broadcast on September 17,2010, attracting 2.42 million viewers. These episodes, and certain others in this season, cover events from previous seasons, episodes 21 and 22 were released in the UK before airing in the US. The season finale, consisting of Padawan Lost and Wookie Hunt, was broadcast on April 1,2011, attracting 2.31 million viewers. The season four premiere, consisting of Water War and Gungan Attack, was broadcast on September 16,2011, and attracted 1.93 million viewers, the season finale, Revenge was broadcast on March 16,2012, attracting 2.03 million viewers. The season five premiere, Revival, was broadcast on September 29,2012, Season five consisted of 20 episodes instead of the normal 22 episode count. The season five finale, The Wrong Jedi, was broadcast on March 2,2013, unlike the first four seasons, the episodes for Season 5 were released to DVD and Blu-ray in Chronological order as opposed to Broadcast order

Hostage crisis
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Star Wars: The Clone Wars intertitle

16.
FBI
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nations prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Department of Justice, Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U. S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, although many of the FBIs functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence. Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint and these overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a domestic function. The FBI was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation and its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. The FBI headquarters is the J. Edgar Hoover Building, located in Washington, in the fiscal year 2012, the Bureaus total budget was approximately $8.12 billion. In 1896, the National Bureau of Criminal Identification was founded, the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley created an urgent perception that America was under threat from anarchists. The Departments of Justice and Labor had been keeping records on anarchists for years, the Justice Department had been tasked with the regulation of interstate commerce since 1887, though it lacked the staff to do so. It had made little effort to relieve its staff shortage until the breakage of the Oregon land fraud scandal at approximately the turn of the 20th Century, President Roosevelt instructed Attorney General Charles Bonaparte to organize an autonomous investigative service that would report only to the Attorney General. Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret Service, for personnel, on May 27,1908, the Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees by the Justice Department, citing fears that the new agency would serve as a secret police department. Again at Roosevelts urging, Bonaparte moved to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Investigation was created on July 26,1908, after the Congress had adjourned for the summer. Attorney General Bonaparte, using Department of Justice expense funds, hired thirty-four people, including veterans of the Secret Service. Its first Chief was Stanley Finch, Bonaparte notified the Congress of these actions in December 1908. The bureaus first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the White Slave Traffic Act, or Mann Act, in 1932, the bureau was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition, in the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI. J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure

17.
Attica Prison riot
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The Attica Prison riot occurred at the Attica Correctional Facility in Attica, New York, United States in 1971. Based upon prisoners demands for better living conditions and political rights, by the order of Governor Nelson Rockefeller, state police took back control of the prison. When the uprising was over, at least 43 people were dead, including ten officers and civilian employees. Only one death could be attributed to the prisoners, New York Times writer Fred Ferretti said the rebellion concluded in mass deaths that four days of taut negotiations had sought to avert. At approximately 8,20 a. m. on Thursday, the remainder of 5 Company continued towards breakfast. As the protesting group walked past the isolated inmate, they freed him from his cell and they then rejoined the rest of 5 Company and proceeded on their way to breakfast. Instead of going to the yard after breakfast as they usually did, the prisoners were there to find a locked door, puzzling them. Complaints led to anger when more correctional officers arrived to lead the back to their cells. An officer was assaulted and the riot began, the inmates quickly gained control of sections, D-yard, two tunnels, and the central control room, referred to as Times Square. Inmates took 42 officers and civilians hostage, and produced a list of grievances demanding their conditions be met before their surrender, throughout the negotiations, there was leadership and organization among the prisoners. Frank Big Black Smith was appointed as head of security, and he kept the hostages. Additionally, an ardent orator, 21-year-old Elliott James L. D, Barkley, was a strong force during the negotiations, speaking with great articulation to the inmates, the camera crews, and outsiders at home. Barkley, just days away from his release at the time of the riot, was killed during the recapturing of the prison. As speakers like Barkley raised morale, the negotiating team of prisoners proposed their requests to the commissioner. The Attica Liberation Faction Manifesto Of Demands is a compilation of complaints written by the Attica prisoners and it includes 27 demands, such as better medical treatment, fair visitation rights, and an end to physical brutality. The prisoners also requested better sanitation, improved quality. Negotiations broke down, and Oswald was unable to further concessions to the inmates. However, he did not tell them that negotiations had ended and he even said, I want to want to continue negotiations with you

Attica Prison riot
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Attica Prison entrance
Attica Prison riot
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Memorial to the officers and other prison employees who died in the riot in front of the prison.

18.
Elizabeth Eden
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Elizabeth Debbie Eden, born Ernest Aron was an American trans woman who became notorious through her boyfriend John Wojtowicz, who attempted a bank robbery to pay for her sex reassignment surgery. The incident was made into the 1975 crime drama film Dog Day Afternoon directed by Sidney Lumet, the character Leon Shermer, played by Chris Sarandon, is loosely based on Eden. Eden was born Ernest Aron on August 19,1946, in Ozone Park, Eden and Wojtowicz had a public wedding ceremony in 1971. Following a series of suicide attempts Eden went into a psychiatric institution, the following year, on August 22,1972, was Wojtowiczs attempted robbery of a Chase Manhattan bank branch in Brooklyn, New York. Eden was not aware of the plans, after the failed heist, Wojtowicz was sentenced to 20 years, although he was released in April 1978. The film Dog Day Afternoon shows Sonny making out a will to give Leon his life insurance so that if he is killed. The real-life Wojtowicz was paid $7500, plus 1% of the net profits for the rights to his story. Eden died of AIDS-related pneumonia on September 29,1987, aged 41, in Rochester, liz Eden Papers via LGBT Community Center New York

Elizabeth Eden
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Elizabeth Debbie Eden

19.
Bellevue Hospital Center
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NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, formerly Bellevue Hospital Center, was founded on March 31,1736 and is the oldest public hospital in the United States. Located on First Avenue in the Kips Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, Bellevue Hospital is also home to FDNY EMS Station 08, formerly NYC*EMS Station 13. It handles nearly 670,000 non-ER outpatient clinic visits, nearly 116,000 emergency visits, more than 80 percent of Bellevue’s patients come from the city’s medically underserved populations. The hospital currently occupies a 25-story patient care facility with an ICU, digital radiology communication, the hospital has an attending physician staff of 1,800 and an in-house staff of about 5,500. Bellevue was renamed in November 2015 as a reflection of its parent organizations rebranding, Bellevue traces its origins to the citys first permanent almshouse, a two-story brick building completed in 1736 on the city common, now New York City Hall. When the grid system of streets was established in 1811, the survey had to take the hospital account. The hospital was formally named Bellevue Hospital in 1824, by 1787 Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons had assigned faculty and medical students to Bellevue. Columbia faculty and students would remain at Bellevue for the next 181 years, New York University faculty began to conduct clinical instruction at the hospital in 1819. In 1849, an amphitheater for teaching and surgery opened. In 1861, the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, the first medical college in New York with connections to a hospital, was founded, for this reason the name Bellevue is sometimes used as a metonym for psychiatric hospitals. Bellevue initiated a training program in 1883, it is still the model for surgical training worldwide. The Carnegie Laboratory, the nations first pathology and bacteriology laboratory, was founded there a year later, by 1892, Bellevue established a dedicated unit for alcoholics. In 1902, the administrative Bellevue and Allied Hospitals organization were formed by the city, b&AH also included Gouverneur Hospital, Harlem Hospital, and Fordham Hospital. BA&H opened doors to female and black physicians, in the midst of a tuberculosis epidemic a year later, the Bellevue Chest Service was founded. Bellevue opened the nations first ambulatory cardiac clinic in 1911, followed by the Western Hemispheres first ward for metabolic disorders in 1917, New York Citys Office of the Chief Medical Examiner began on the second floor in 1918. German spy and saboteur Fritz Joubert Duquesne escaped the prison ward in 1919 after having feigned paralysis for nearly two years. PS106, the first public school for the emotionally disturbed children located in a public hospital, in 1939, David Margolis began work on nine Work Projects Administration murals in entrance rotunda titled Materials of Relaxation, which were completed in 1941. New York Citys Office of the chief Medical Examiner moved out of the floor and into its new building at 520 First Avenue

Bellevue Hospital Center
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The original Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital building
Bellevue Hospital Center
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An engraving from 1866 showing the city's first morgue, located in Bellevue
Bellevue Hospital Center
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The "Cube", built in 1973 along the FDR Drive at the East River

20.
John F. Kennedy International Airport
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John F. Kennedy International Airport is a major international airport located near South Ozone Park in the borough of Queens in New York City, United States,12 miles southeast of Lower Manhattan. Over ninety airlines operate out of the airport, with non-stop or direct flights to destinations in all six inhabited continents, the airport features six passenger terminals and four runways. It serves as a hub for American Airlines and Delta Air Lines and is the operating base for JetBlue Airways. In the past, JFK served as a hub for Eastern, National, Pan Am, John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally Idlewild Airport after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced. It was built to relieve LaGuardia Airport, which was overcrowded soon after opening in 1939. Construction began in 1943, and about $60 million was spent of governmental funding. In March 1948 the New York City Council changed the name to New York International Airport, Anderson Field, the Port Authority leased the JFK property from the City of New York in 1947 and maintains this lease today. The first airline flight from JFK was on July 1,1948, the Port Authority cancelled foreign airlines permits to use LaGuardia, forcing them to move to JFK during the next couple of years. JFK opened with six runways and a seventh under construction, runways 1L and 7L were held in reserve and never came into use as runways. Runway 31R is still in use, runway 31L opened soon after the rest of the airport and is still in use, runway 1R closed in 1957, runway 4 opened June 1949 and runway 4R was added ten years later. A smaller runway 14/32 was built after runway 7R closed and was used through 1990 by general aviation, STOL and smaller commuter flights. The Avro Jetliner was the first jetliner to land at JFK on April 18,1950, later in 1957 the USSR sought approval for two Tupolev Tu-104 flights carrying diplomats to JFK, the Port Authority did not allow them, saying noise tests had to be done first. The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 24,1963, then-mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. proposed the renaming. The Port of New York Authority originally planned a single 55-gate terminal, architect Wallace Harrison then designed a master plan under which each major airline at the airport would be given its own space to develop its own terminal design. This scheme made construction more practical, made terminals more navigable, the revised plan met airline approval in 1955, with seven terminals initially planned—five for individual airlines, one developed for 3 airlines and an international arrivals building. The International Arrivals Building, or IAB, was the first new terminal at the airport, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and opening in December 1957. Stretching nearly 700 meters parallel to runway 7R where Terminal 4 is now, it had finger piers at right-angles to the building allowing more aircraft to park. United Airlines opened Terminal 7, a Skidmore design similar to the IAB, Eastern Airlines opened its Chester L. Churchill-designed Terminal 1 a month later, it was demolished in 1995

John F. Kennedy International Airport
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John F. Kennedy International Airport - KJFK
John F. Kennedy International Airport
John F. Kennedy International Airport
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FAA airport diagram as of September 2014.
John F. Kennedy International Airport

21.
Dustin Hoffman
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Dustin Lee Hoffman is an American actor and a director, with a career in film, television, and theatre since 1960. Hoffman has been known for his portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer, and in 1989 for Rain Man. Widely considered one of the finest actors in history, Hoffman first drew praise for starring in the play, Eh. for which he won a Theatre World Award. This achievement was followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock. Since that time, Hoffmans career has largely focused on the cinema, with sporadic returns to television. Hoffmans notable films include, Midnight Cowboy, Little Big Man, Straw Dogs, Papillon, Lenny, Marathon Man, All the Presidents Men, Kramer vs. Kramer, Tootsie, Rain Man, Hook and he made his directorial debut in 2012, with Quartet. Along with 2 Academy Award wins, Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards and he has won 4 BAFTAs,3 Drama Desk Awards,2 Emmy Awards, and a Genie Award. Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999, and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012, Dustin Lee Hoffman was born on August 8,1937 in Los Angeles, California, the second son of Lillian and Harry Hoffman. His father worked as a supervisor at Columbia Pictures before becoming a furniture salesman. Hoffman was named after stage and silent screen actor, Dustin Farnum and his older brother, Ronald, is a lawyer and economist. Hoffman is Jewish, from an Ashkenazi family of immigrants from Ukraine, Poland and his upbringing was non-religious, and he has said, I don’t have any memory of celebrating holidays growing up that were Jewish, and that he had realized he was Jewish at around age 10. Hoffman graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1955 and enrolled at Santa Monica College with the intention of studying medicine. He left after a year to join the Pasadena Playhouse, although when he told his family about his career goal and he also took classes at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City. Hoffman initially hoped to become a classical pianist, having studied piano during much of his youth, while at Santa Monica College, he also took an acting class, which he assumed would be easy, and caught the acting bug. He recalls, I just was not gifted in music, now an aspiring actor, he spent the next ten years doing odd jobs, being unemployed, and struggling to get any available acting roles. He composed a song called Shooting the Breeze and Bette Midler wrote the words and his first acting role was at the Pasadena Playhouse, alongside future Academy Award-winner, Gene Hackman. After two years there, Hackman headed for New York City, with Hoffman soon following, Hoffman, Hackman and Robert Duvall lived together in the 1960s, all three of them focused on finding acting jobs

22.
Dominic Chianese
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Dominic Chianese is an American actor, singer, and musician. He is best known for his role as Corrado Junior Soprano on the HBO series The Sopranos, Chianese was born in the Bronx, New York. His grandfather emigrated to the United States from Naples in 1904, after a decade of attending college and appearing in Off-Broadway theatre, Chianese attended his first professional acting class at HB Studio in Manhattan, with renowned teacher Walt Witcover. Drama and musical theater became Chianeses passion and his first Broadway show was Oliver. He has continued to perform in Broadway theatre, Off Broadway, to supplement income in the dry periods, he played rhythm guitar and sang in taverns and restaurants. Chianeses first television credit occurred when George C. Scott recommended him for a role in the acclaimed series East Side/West Side. In 1974, Francis Ford Coppola cast Chianese as Johnny Ola in The Godfather Part II, before being cast in The Godfather Part II, Chianese worked for the Drug Commission of New York State as a recreational worker in a rehabilitation center. He taught guitar to women who were serving time for drug-related crimes, in 2010, Chianese received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in recognition of his humanitarian efforts. Chianese has appeared in four movies with his friend Al Pacino and he performed Salvatore Cardillos sentimental classic Core ngrato, on the third-season finale of The Sopranos. In 2003, Chianese, along with AOL Music, released a second CD titled Ungrateful Heart, Chianese appeared as a guest actor on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire as Leander Whitlock, a retired Atlantic City alderman. Dominic Chianese - Downstage Center interview at American Theatre Wing. org

Dominic Chianese
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Chianese in 2011

23.
Judith Malina
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Judith Malina was a German-born American theater and film actress, writer and director. With her husband, Julian Beck, Malina co-founded The Living Theatre, the Living Theatre and its founders were the subject of the 1983 documentary Signals Through The Flames. Malina was born in Kiel, Germany, the daughter of Jewish parents, her mother, Rosel, was an actress, and her father, Max Malina. In 1929 at the age of three, she immigrated with her parents to New York City and her parents helped her see how important political theatre was, as her father was trying to warn people of the Nazi menace. Except for long tours, she lived in New York City until her move to the Lillian Booth Actors Home in Englewood, interested in acting from an early age, she began attending the New School for Social Research in 1945 to study theatre under Erwin Piscator. Malina was greatly influenced by Piscators philosophy of theatre which was similar to Bertolt Brechts principles of epic theatre, Piscator saw theatre as a form of political communication or agitprop, Malina, unlike Piscator, was committed to nonviolence and anarchism. They received a suspended sentence, and decided to leave the U. S. The company spent the five years touring in Europe and creating increasingly radical works. They returned to the US in 1968 to present their new work, in 1969 the company decided to divide into three groups. One worked on the pop scene in London, another went to India to study traditional Indian theatre arts, and they were imprisoned there on political charges for two months by the military government. After Becks death from cancer in 1985, company member Hanon Reznikov, in 2007 it opened its own theater at 21 Clinton Street in Manhattan. In April 2008 Reznikov suffered a stroke and while hospitalized died of pneumonia on May 3 of the year at the age of 57. Malina appeared occasionally in films, beginning in 1975, when she played Al Pacinos mother in Dog Day Afternoon, using her for the role was Pacinos idea, said its director, Sidney Lumet. Lumet recalls that tracking her down was difficult, as she had moved from New York to Vermont, I had no idea of what to expect, said Lumet. I didnt even know whether shed want to do a commercial film, well, let me tell you, she is an actress. She also had no money and we had to pay her fare from Vermont and she also appeared in Pacinos Looking for Richard. Malinas other roles in cinema include, Rose in Awakenings and Grandma Addams in The Addams Family and she had major roles in Household Saints and the low-budget film, Nothing Really Happens. She appeared in an episode of long-running TV series The Sopranos in 2006 as a nun, Malina is the subject of a 2012 documentary by Azad Jafarian titled Love and Politics

24.
Chase Manhattan Bank
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The bank was known as Chase Manhattan Bank until it merged with J. P. Morgan & Co. in 2000. Chase Manhattan Bank was formed by the merger of the Chase National Bank, the bank has been headquartered in Columbus, Ohio since its merger with Bank One Corporation in 2004. The bank acquired the deposits and most assets of Washington Mutual, Chase offers more than 5,100 branches and 16,100 ATMs nationwide. JPMorgan Chase has 250,355 employees and operates in more than 100 countries, JPMorgan Chase currently has assets of roughly US$2.49 trillion. JPMorgan Chase, through its Chase subsidiary, is one of the Big Four banks of the United States. From September 1,1799, to 1955, it was called The Bank of The Manhattan Company, Chase National Bank was formed in 1877 by John Thompson. It was named after former United States Treasury Secretary and Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, the Chase National Bank acquired a number of smaller banks in the 1920s, through its Chase Securities Corporation. In 1926, for instance, it acquired Mechanics and Metals National Bank, however, its most significant acquisition was the Equitable Trust Company of New York in 1930, the largest stockholder of which was John D. Rockefeller, Jr. This made Chase the largest bank in America and indeed, in the world, in 1955, Chase National Bank and The Manhattan Company merged to create The Chase Manhattan Bank. The deal was structured as an acquisition by the Bank of the Manhattan Company of Chase National. This avoided the need for consent by shareholders. For Chase Manhattan Banks new logo, Chermayeff & Geismar designed a stylized octagon in 1961, the Chase logo is a stylized representation of the primitive water pipes laid by the Manhattan Company, which were made by nailing together wooden planks. The bank included a management business called the Chase Investors Management Corporation. Under McCloys successor, George Champion, the bank relinquished its antiquated 1799 state charter for a modern one, in 1969, under the leadership of David Rockefeller, the bank became part of a bank holding company, the Chase Manhattan Corporation. In July 1996, Chemical Bank of New York purchased Chase Manhattan Bank, chemicals previous acquisitions included Manufacturers Hanover Corporation, in 1991, and Texas Commerce Bank, in 1987. Although Chemical was the survivor, the merged company retained the Chase name since it was better known. In December 2000, the combined Chase Manhattan completed the acquisition of J. P. Morgan & Co. in one of the largest banking mergers to date, the combined company was renamed JPMorgan Chase. In 2004, the bank acquired Bank One, making Chase the largest credit card issuer in the United States, JPMorgan Chase added Bear Stearns & Co. and Washington Mutual to its acquisitions in 2008 and 2009 respectively

25.
Gravesend, Brooklyn
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Gravesend is a neighborhood in the south-central section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, in the U. S. state of New York. As of 2010, Gravesend had a population of 29,436, Gravesend was one of the original towns in the Dutch colony of New Netherland and became one of the six original towns of Kings County in colonial New York. It was the only English chartered town in what became Kings County and was designated the Shire Town when the English assumed control, courts were removed to Flatbush in 1685. Gravesend is notable for being founded by a woman, Lady Deborah Moody, a prominent early settler was Anthony Janszoon van Salee. When the town was first laid out, almost half were salt marsh wetlands, Gravesend was annexed by the City of Brooklyn in 1894. The derivation of the name Gravesend is unclear, some speculate that it was named after the English seaport of Gravesend, Kent. An alternative explanation suggests that it was named by Willem Kieft for the Dutch settlement of s- Gravesande, there is also a town in the Netherlands called s-Gravenzande. The modern neighborhood of Gravesend lies between Coney Island Avenue to the east, Stillwell Avenue to the west, Kings Highway to the north, to the east of Gravesend is Sheepshead Bay, to the northeast Midwood, to the northwest Bensonhurst, and to the west Bath Beach. To the south, across Coney Island Creek, lies the neighborhood of Coney Island, next to, and parallel with the van Sicklen Family Cemetery is the Old Gravesend Cemetery, where Lady Moody is purported to be interred. Gravesend Cemeterys most exotic occupant is Egyptian émigré Mohammad Ben Misoud, Gravesend is served by three lines of the New York City Subway system. The Coney Island subway yard is in the neighborhood, Gravesend is patrolled by the NYPDs 60th, 61st, and 62nd Precincts. The island and its environs were first inhabited by bands of the Lenape, the first known European to set foot in the area that would become Gravesend was Henry Hudson, whose ship, the Half Moon, landed on Coney Island in the fall of 1609. Due to clashes with the native tribes the town wasnt completed until 1645. But when the charter was finally signed and granted it became one of the first such titles to ever be awarded to a woman in the new world. The town Lady Moody established was one of the earliest planned communities in America and it consisted of a perfect square surrounded by a 20-foot-high wooden palisade. The town was bisected by two roads, Gravesend Road running from north to south, and Gravesend Neck Road. These roads divided the town into four quadrants which were subdivided into ten plots of land each, at the center of town, where the two main roads met, a town hall was constructed where town meetings were held once a month. Today, Lady Moody is believed to be buried in Old Gravesend Cemetery, in 1654 the people of Gravesend purchased Coney Island from the local natives for about $15 worth of seashells, guns, and gunpowder

26.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946

The New York Times
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Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on Operation Pillar of Defense.
The New York Times
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First published issue of New-York Daily Times, on September 18, 1851.
The New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ‍ '​ publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
The New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942

27.
Rochester, New York
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Rochester is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in the western portion of the U. S. state of New York, and the seat of Monroe County. The citys population was the third largest — after New York City. This area, which is part of the Western New York region, had a population of 1,079,671 at the time of the 2010 Census, a Census estimate of July 1,2012, raised that number to 1,082,284. Rochester was one of Americas first boomtowns, and rose to prominence as the site of many mills along the Genesee River. Several of the universities have renowned research programs. In addition, Rochester is the site of important inventions and innovations in consumer products. Until 2010, the Rochester metropolitan area was the second-largest regional economy in New York State, internal Revenue Service, after the New York City metropolitan area. Rochesters GMP has since ranked just below that of Buffalo, New York, the 25th edition of the Places Rated Almanac rated Rochester as the most livable city in 2007, among 379 U. S. metropolitan areas. In 2010 Forbes rated Rochester as the third-best place to raise a family, in 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester as the fifth-best city for families, citing low cost of living, top public schools, and a low jobless rate. Of the 19 places in the United States named Rochester at least eight were named directly after Rochester, New York, having been founded or settled by former residents. These include Rochester, Indiana, Rochester, Texas, Rochester, Iowa, Rochester, Kentucky, Rochester, Michigan, Rochester, Minnesota, Rochester, Nevada, and Rochester, Ohio. The Seneca tribe of Native Americans lived in and around Rochester until they lost their claim to most of land in the Treaty of Big Tree in 1797. Settlement before the Seneca tribe is unknown, development of modern Rochester followed the American Revolution, and forced cession of their territory by the Iroquois after the defeat of Great Britain. Allied with the British, four major Iroquois tribes were forced from New York. As a reward for their loyalty to the British Crown, they were given a land grant on the Grand River in Canada. Rochester was founded shortly after the American Revolution by a wave of English-Puritan descended immigrants from New England who were looking for new agricultural land and they would be the dominant cultural group in Rochester for over a century. They chose the site because its three cataracts on the Genesee offered great potential for water power, beginning in 1811, and with a population of 15, the three founders surveyed the land and laid out streets and tracts. In 1817, the Brown brothers and other landowners joined their lands with the Hundred Acre Tract to form the village of Rochesterville, by 1821, Rochesterville was the seat of Monroe County

Rochester, New York
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Rochester, New York
Rochester, New York
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An aerial view of downtown Rochester in 1938
Rochester, New York
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Bridge originally built as an aqueduct for the Erie Canal in 1842, replacing the original construction from 1823. It was subsequently used for subway trains and, in the 1920s, the Broad Street Bridge was erected on top of it. This photograph shows how it appeared in 2002.
Rochester, New York
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Rochester, NY Broad Street aqueduct interior in 2011.

28.
Tumbleweed Connection
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Tumbleweed Connection is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Elton John. It is an album based on country and western/Americana themes. All songs are written by John and Bernie Taupin, with the exception of Love Song by Lesley Duncan, the album was recorded at Trident Studios, London, England in March 1970 and released in October of the same year. It peaked at #2 on the UK Albums Chart and #5 on the US Billboard 200 chart, in the US, it was certified gold in March 1971 and platinum in August 1998 by the RIAA. In 2003, Tumbleweed Connection was ranked #458 on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, dee Murray and Nigel Olsson appear for the first time together on this album as the rhythm section on Amoreena. Olsson had played on one track on Empty Sky for John in 1969 and it is Murrays first appearance on an Elton John album. In 1975, the film Dog Day Afternoon featured Amoreena in the opening sequence, in 1998, a bootleg CD was released called Tumbleweed Collection. This was a collection of demos and live tracks. An early version of Madman Across the Water, featuring Mick Ronson on electric guitar, was recorded during the sessions for the album. It was released on albums and reissues of Tumbleweed Connection. Country Comfort was recorded in 1970 for Gasoline Alley, the album by Rod Stewart. The wraparound cover photo for the album was taken at the Horsted Keynes Rail Station, photographer David Markham captured John and Taupin in front of the 1930s-era station to represent the albums Rural Americana concept, despite the English location. Additional photos were made from the interior of a train on the line for the album liner notes. All tracks written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin, except where noted. Side one Ballad of a Well-Known Gun –4,59 Come Down in Time –3,25 Country Comfort –5,06 Son of Your Father –3,48 My Fathers Gun –6,20 Side two Where to Now St. Peter

Tumbleweed Connection
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Tumbleweed Connection

29.
Faces (band)
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The Faces were an English rock band formed in 1969 by members of Small Faces after lead singer/guitarist Steve Marriott left that group to form Humble Pie. The remaining Small Faces—Ian McLagan, Ronnie Lane, and Kenney Jones —were joined by Ronnie Wood and Rod Stewart, later that summer Wood and Stewart parted ways with Beck and joined Lane, McLagan and Jones full-time. Prior to any releases by the new Faces lineup, Wood and McLagan appeared on Stewarts first solo album in 1969, the rest of the backing band on the album included drummer Micky Waller, keyboardist Keith Emerson and guitarists Martin Pugh and Martin Quittenton. With the addition of Wood and Stewart, the part of the original band name was dropped. As a compromise, in the US their debut album was credited to the Small Faces, among their most successful songs were Had Me a Real Good Time, their breakthrough UK hit Stay with Me, Cindy Incidentally and Pool Hall Richard. As Rod Stewarts solo career became more successful than that of the group, a disillusioned Ronnie Lane left the band in 1973, one reason given later for his departure was frustration over not having more opportunities to sing lead vocals. Lanes role as bassist was taken over by Tetsu Yamauchi, released just months before Lane left the band, the Faces final studio album was Ooh La La. The following year an album was released, entitled Coast to Coast, Overture and Beginners, it was criticised by reviewers for being poorly recorded. It featured selections from their late 1973 tour, the first featuring Yamauchi. They recorded a few tracks for studio album, but had lost enthusiasm and their final release as a group was the late 1974 UK Top 20 hit You Can Make Me Dance. The members have had varied post-band careers, McLagan moved to the United States, where he formed Ian McLagan & the Bump Band. Tetsu Yamauchi returned to his native Japan, where he recorded and toured as a jazz musician, there was also a Small Faces reunion in the late 1970s that resulted in two albums, and in 1981 Ronnie Lane and Steve Marriott collaborated on the album The Legendary Majik Mijits. The Faces reformed for the encore of Rod Stewarts Wembley Stadium concert in 1986, Ronnie Lane, by then suffering from multiple sclerosis, was on stage to sing in his wheelchair, but was unable to play bass, Bill Wyman of the Rolling Stones filled in for him. The same line-up reunited once more in 1993 when Rod Stewart was awarded the Lifetime Achievement award at the Brit Awards, Ronnie Lane made his final concert appearance in 1992 at a Ronnie Wood show with Ian McLagan on keyboards, Lane died in 1997. In 2004 a 4-disc Faces box set entitled Five Guys Walk into a Bar. was released by Rhino Records, on 11 June 2008 Rod Stewart announced that the surviving Faces were discussing a possible reunion, envisioning making a recording and/or performing at least one or two concerts. However, on 23 January 2009, a spokesman for Rod Stewart denied there were any plans for a 2009 Faces reunion tour. This will be so special for us, staging a reunion for such a wonderful and prestigious event, sadly Ronnie Lane cant be with us, but Im sure he will be there in spirit, God bless him. Lanes ex-wife, Katy, is one of many to receive assistance from the charity, the event was held on 25 October

Faces (band)
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The band reunited at the Royal Albert Hall, October 2009
Faces (band)
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The group in 1970 (left to right: Lane, McLagan, Stewart, Wood and Jones)

30.
Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn
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Windsor Terrace is a small residential neighborhood in the northwestern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. As of the 2010 United States Census, Windsor Terrace had 20,988 people living within its 0. 503-square-mile area and its ZIP codes are 11215 and 11218. Windsor Terrace is situated between Prospect Park on the east and northeast, Park Slope to the northwest, Green-Wood Cemetery to the southwest and it is considered to be within the area historically known as South Brooklyn. A part of Community Board 7, the neighborhood is patrolled by the NYPDs 72nd Precinct, before the coming of Europeans to the New World, the area which is now Windsor Terrace was inhabited by the Canarsee Indians. Specifically, the Gowanus and Werpos tribes inhabited the surrounding area, the land, which was then in the far northwestern corner of the Town of Flatbush, was purchased as a farm by John Vanderbilt. Some parts of the land were also maintained by the Martense family, following Vanderbilts death, his land was divided in two. Vanderbilts land were sold to William Bell, a real estate developer, Bell subdivided the land into 47 building lots, and, unlike some other developers in the general area, was able to sell them rather quickly. Bell then renamed the area one of the multiple places named Windsor in England. Bell sold part of the land to Edward Belknap in 1851, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle first referred to the area as Windsor Terrace in March 1854. By 1856, Belknap had lost his land due to foreclosure, additional blocks were developed in 1862, when the village had 30 inhabitants living in twelve houses. The village kept growing through the 1870s, boasting a Protestant chapel by 1874, a school by 1876. The village remained rural in feel until around 1900, when row houses began to be throughout the area. Between 1902 and 1919, builder and future Republican U. S, senator for New York State, William M. Calder, erected 700 two-story homes along Prospect Park SW. Development began to pick up pace around 1925 as rumors circulated that the neighborhood would soon be served by the New York City Subway. There were a lot of single-family and two-family houses being built, as well as stores being opened on 11th Avenue, many of the new occupants of these residences were Irish-American workers, some of whose families then remained there for generations. The 1933 arrival of the Independent Subway System ushered in an era of apartment-building construction, even into the 1960s, Windsor Terrace was an isolated neighborhood with a quiet small-town feel to it, although the construction of the Prospect Expressway brought more through traffic into the area. Gentrification of the began in the 1980s, with families who could not afford the prices in Brooklyn Heights. Additional two-family housing funded with public assistance was built and sold by lottery, in the late 1980s, the neighborhood was rezoned to prevent the construction of high-rise buildings

Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn
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Engine Company 240 Battalion 48 firehouse on Prospect Avenue in Windsor Terrace was built in 1896 in the Romanesque Revival style; it is constructed of brick, limestone and slate.
Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn
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Immaculate Heart of Mary Church
Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn
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The Episcopal Church of the Holy Apostles on Greenwood Avenue
Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn
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The Windsor Terrace branch of the Brooklyn Public Library

31.
Opposition to the Vietnam War
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The movement against the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War began in the U. S. with demonstrations in 1964 and grew in strength in later years. The U. S. became polarized between those who advocated continued involvement in Vietnam and those who wanted peace, many in the peace movement were students, mothers, or anti-establishment hippies. Opposition grew with participation by the African-American civil rights, womens liberation, and Chicano movements, additional involvement came from many other groups, including educators, clergy, academics, journalists, lawyers, physicians, and military veterans. Their actions consisted mainly of peaceful, nonviolent events, few events were deliberately provocative, in some cases, police used violent tactics against peaceful demonstrators. S. The draft, as a system of conscription which threatened lower class registrants and middle class registrants alike, conscientious objectors did play an active role although their numbers were small. The prevailing sentiment that the draft was unfairly administered inflamed blue-collar American, opposition to the war arose during a time of unprecedented student activism which followed the free speech movement and the civil rights movement. The military draft mobilized the baby boomers who were most at risk, the growing opposition to the Vietnam War was partly attributed to greater access to uncensored information presented by the extensive television coverage on the ground in Vietnam. Beyond opposition to the draft, anti-war protesters also made moral arguments against the United States involvement in Vietnam, civilian deaths, which were either downplayed or omitted entirely by the Western media, became a subject of protest when photographic evidence of casualties emerged. An infamous photo of General Nguyễn Ngọc Loan shooting an alleged terrorist in handcuffs during the Tet Offensive also provoked public outcry. They felt that the war in Vietnam was a war that ought to have determined the fate of the country and, therefore. Media coverage of the war in Vietnam also shook the faith of citizens at home as new technologies, like television. Newsmen like NBCs Frank McGee stated that the war was all, for the first time in American history the media was privileged to dispense battlefield footage to public. Graphic footage of casualties on the nightly news eliminated any myth of the glory of war, with no clear sign of victory in Vietnam, the media images of American military casualties helped to stimulate the opposition of the war in Americans. On April 4,1967 in New York City, Civil rights leader Martin Luther King detailed his rationales for opposition to U. S. involvement in the Vietnam War, King claimed that America had rejected Ho Chi Minhs revolutionary government which he said was seeking Vietnamese self-determination. Hos government, said King, was a government that had established not by China. For the peasants this new government meant real land reform, one of the most important needs in their lives, if Americas soul becomes totally poisoned, part of the autopsy must read Vietnam. The U. S. became polarized over the war and this theory was largely held due to the fall of eastern Europe to communism and the Soviet sphere of influence following World War II. However, military critics of the war pointed out that the Vietnam War was political, civilian critics of the war argued that the government of South Vietnam lacked political legitimacy, or that support for the war was completely immoral

Opposition to the Vietnam War
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Vietnam War protesters. Wichita, Kansas, 1967
Opposition to the Vietnam War
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Protests against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on October 21, 1967
Opposition to the Vietnam War
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US helicopter gunship in October 1968
Opposition to the Vietnam War
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U.S. Marshals dragging away a Vietnam War protester in Washington, D.C., 1967

32.
Attica Correctional Facility
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The Attica Correctional Facility is a maximum security/supermax New York State prison in the town of Attica, New York, operated by the New York State Department of Correctional Services. After it was constructed in the 1930s, it held many of the most dangerous criminals of the time, a tear gas system installed in the mess hall and industry areas has been used to quell conflicts in these areas. The prison now holds many inmates who are serving various types of sentences, Attica was the site of a prison riot in 1971 which resulted in 43 deaths, of which 33 were convicts and ten were correctional officers and civilian employees. One officer died at the hands of the convicts in the riots early stages. The rest died by gunfire from state troopers and other retired officers, David Berkowitz, better known as Son of Sam, serial killer who confessed to killing six people and wounding several others in New York City during the late 1970s. Since becoming a Christian, Berkowitz has stated he not want to be paroled. Berkowitz is now housed at Sullivan Correctional Facility, rap Brown, Black Panther Party leader, served a sentence in Attica from 1971 to 1976. Mark David Chapman, who pleaded guilty for murdering John Lennon in 1980, Chapman was sentenced to 20 years-to-life and has been denied parole nine times amidst campaigns against his release. Chapman is now housed at the Wende Correctional Facility, edward Cummiskey, Westies hitman during the 1970s. Dean Faiello, unlicensed physician who was charged in the manslaughter of Filipina-American banker Maria Cruz in 2003, jimmy Caci, a captain in the Los Angeles crime family spent eight years in Attica during the 1970s. Colin Ferguson, who murdered six people on the Long Island Rail Road in 1993, Ferguson is serving multiple life sentences. Kendall Francois, who murdered eight women, some of whom were prostitutes, Francois was serving a life sentence without parole but died in September 2014. Sam Melville, notorious as mad bomber in 1960s, a Weather Underground member killed by New York State Police troopers during the Attica Prison riot of September 13,1971, joseph Mad Dog Sullivan, the only man who has ever escaped the prison. Willie Sutton, who robbed 100 banks from the late 1920s to 1952, pavle Stanimirovic YACS Crime group high ranking member. Frank P. Giffune, the Italian mob fall guy was sent to Attica in 1940, el Sayyid Nosair,1993 World Trade Center bombing terrorist was housed in Attica for a short duration related to a different assassination

Attica Correctional Facility
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Attica Correctional Facility

33.
Attica Prison riots
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The Attica Prison riot occurred at the Attica Correctional Facility in Attica, New York, United States in 1971. Based upon prisoners demands for better living conditions and political rights, by the order of Governor Nelson Rockefeller, state police took back control of the prison. When the uprising was over, at least 43 people were dead, including ten officers and civilian employees. Only one death could be attributed to the prisoners, New York Times writer Fred Ferretti said the rebellion concluded in mass deaths that four days of taut negotiations had sought to avert. At approximately 8,20 a. m. on Thursday, the remainder of 5 Company continued towards breakfast. As the protesting group walked past the isolated inmate, they freed him from his cell and they then rejoined the rest of 5 Company and proceeded on their way to breakfast. Instead of going to the yard after breakfast as they usually did, the prisoners were there to find a locked door, puzzling them. Complaints led to anger when more correctional officers arrived to lead the back to their cells. An officer was assaulted and the riot began, the inmates quickly gained control of sections, D-yard, two tunnels, and the central control room, referred to as Times Square. Inmates took 42 officers and civilians hostage, and produced a list of grievances demanding their conditions be met before their surrender, throughout the negotiations, there was leadership and organization among the prisoners. Frank Big Black Smith was appointed as head of security, and he kept the hostages. Additionally, an ardent orator, 21-year-old Elliott James L. D, Barkley, was a strong force during the negotiations, speaking with great articulation to the inmates, the camera crews, and outsiders at home. Barkley, just days away from his release at the time of the riot, was killed during the recapturing of the prison. As speakers like Barkley raised morale, the negotiating team of prisoners proposed their requests to the commissioner. The Attica Liberation Faction Manifesto Of Demands is a compilation of complaints written by the Attica prisoners and it includes 27 demands, such as better medical treatment, fair visitation rights, and an end to physical brutality. The prisoners also requested better sanitation, improved quality. Negotiations broke down, and Oswald was unable to further concessions to the inmates. However, he did not tell them that negotiations had ended and he even said, I want to want to continue negotiations with you

Attica Prison riots
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Attica Prison entrance
Attica Prison riots
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Memorial to the officers and other prison employees who died in the riot in front of the prison.

34.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa

Rotten Tomatoes
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60–100%
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
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≤0-59%

35.
Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year

36.
Empire (film magazine)
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Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Bauer Consumer Media of Hamburg based Bauer Media Group. From the first issue in July 1989, the magazine was edited by Barry McIlheney, Bauer purchased Emap Consumer Media in early 2008. It is the biggest selling magazine in the United Kingdom and is also published in the United States, Australia, Turkey, Russia, Italy. Empire organises the annual Empire Awards which were sponsored by Sony Ericsson, the awards are voted for by readers of the magazine. Empire is populist in both approach and coverage and it reviews both mainstream films and art films, but feature articles concentrate on the former. As well as news, previews, and reviews, Empire has some other regular features. Each issue features a Classic Scene, a transcript from a film scene. The first such classic scene to be featured was the I could have been a scene from On the Waterfront. The regular Top 10 feature lists Empires choice of the top ten examples of something film-related, for example,10 Best Chase Scenes or 10 Best Movie Gags in The Simpsons. The Re. View section covers Blu-ray and DVD news and releases, Kim Newmans Movie Dungeon is a regular feature in the Re. View section, in which critic Kim Newman reviews the most obscure releases, mostly low budget horror movies. How much Is Pint of Milk presents celebrities answers to silly or unusual questions and this is intended as a guide to the chosen celebritys contact with reality, and as such can be more informative than a direct interview by reporting some surprising responses. Each magazine includes a Spine Quote, in which a relatively challenging quote is printed on the spine of the magazine, there are usually some obvious and obscure links from the quote to the main features of that months edition. Readers are invited to identify the source and the links to win a prize. Celebrity Mastermind is another regular in which a celebrity is given questions about the films they were in or they directed, celebrities range from Quentin Tarantino and Christopher Lee to John Carpenter and Michael Keaton. A regular feature since issue 167, the feature is a two-page essay on a film selected by Empire in the Re. View section. The selection of the films seem to be random and follow no specific pattern. Only a few issues since the first masterpiece feature have not featured one –169,179,196,197,198 and 246, Issue 240 had director Frank Darabont select 223 masterpieces. L. A. Confidential was featured twice, once in issue 191 and this list is as follows, Alien – Dinner chestburster The Omen – Glass decapitation An American Werewolf in London – Wolf transformation The Exorcist – Crucifix abuse Risky Business – Ready Ralph

37.
Raising Arizona
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Not a blockbuster at the time of its release, it has since achieved cult status. The film ranked 31st on the American Film Institutes 100 Years.100 Laughs list, Hi McDunnough and police officer Edwina Ed meet after she takes the mugshots of the recidivist. With continued visits, Hi learns that Eds fiancé has left her, Hi proposes to her after his latest release from prison, and the two get married. They move into a mobile home, and Hi gets a job in a machine shop. They want to have children but Ed is infertile, and they cannot adopt because of His criminal record, despite the fact that Ed is a police officer. The couple learns of the Arizona Quints, sons of locally famous furniture magnate Nathan Arizona, Hi and Ed kidnap one of the five babies, Hi and Ed return home and are soon visited by His cellmates, Gale and Evelle Snoats, who have just escaped from prison. Under the brothers influence, Hi is tempted to return to his felonious ways and their problems get worse when His supervisor, Glen, proposes wife swapping and Hi assaults him. That night, Hi decides to steal a package of diapers for the baby, Ed sees this and, furious, drives off without him. Ed eventually picks him up, leading to a ride home. Gale and Evelle overhear this conversation and turn on Hi, tying him to a chair, Gale and Evelle leave with plans to rob a hayseed bank with Junior in tow. When Ed comes home, she frees Hi and the two arm themselves and set out together to retrieve the child, en route, Ed suggests that they should end their marriage after recovering the boy. Meanwhile, Nathan Arizona Sr. is approached by the bounty hunter Leonard Smalls who offers to find the child for $50,000, Nathan Sr. declines the offer, believing that Smalls himself is his sons kidnapper. Smalls decides to recover the child anyway to sell on the black market and he begins tracking Gale and Evelle and learns of their bank robbery plans. Gale and Evelle rob a bank but leave Junior there as they make their getaway, one of the banks anti-theft dye canisters explodes in their loot sack, blocking the cars windows and incapacitating them. At the bank, Smalls arrives for Junior just ahead of Ed, Ed grabs the baby and flees, Hi is able to fend Smalls off for a while, but eventually finds himself at Smalls mercy when Smalls punches Hi in the face several times. As Smalls throws Hi to the ground and prepares to kill him, Smalls attempts to get rid of the grenade, but he cannot get it off in time and is blown to pieces when the grenade explodes and sets off all his weapons. Hi and Ed sneak Junior back into the Arizona home and are confronted by Nathan Sr, after Nathan Sr. learns why they took his son, he understands the couples predicament and decides not to turn them over to the police. He counsels them, when Hi and Ed say that they are splitting up, gets a football for Christmas from a kindly couple who wish to remain unknown, later becoming a football star

Raising Arizona
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Theatrical release poster

38.
Academy Award for Directing
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The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com

39.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933

40.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees

41.
Academy Award for Film Editing
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The Academy Award for Best Film Editing is one of the annual awards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Nominations for this award are closely correlated with the Academy Award for Best Picture. For 33 consecutive years,1981 to 2013, every Best Picture winner had also nominated for the Film Editing Oscar. Only the principal, above the line editor as listed in the credits are named on the award, additional editors, supervising editors. The nominations for this Academy Award are determined by a ballot of the members of the Editing Branch of the Academy. The members may vote for up to five of the films in the order of their preference. The Academy Award itself is selected from the films by a subsequent ballot of all active. This award was first given for films released in 1934, the name of this award is occasionally changed, in 2008, it was listed as the Academy Award for Achievement in Film Editing. Michael Kahn won for Raiders of the Lost Ark, Schindlers List, thelma Schoonmaker won for Raging Bull, The Aviator, and The Departed. To date, two film directors have won this award, James Cameron and Alfonso Cuarón for the films Titanic and Gravity, also, nominated editors Robert Wise, Francis D. West Side Story, The Sound of Music, The Sand Pebbles and The Andromeda Strain for Wise, Crazylegs for Lyon and Bound for Glory, superlatives taken from a document published by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. These listings are based on the Awards Database maintained by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

Academy Award for Film Editing
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Thelma Schoonmaker and Columba Powell at the Cannes Film Festival (2009). Schoonmaker is among the deans of film editing; Powell is the son of Michael Powell, a prominent film director to whom Schoonmaker was married until his death in 1990.

42.
National Board of Review of Motion Pictures
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The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures was founded in 1909 in New York City, just 13 years after the birth of cinema, to protest New York City Mayor George B. McClellan, Jr. s revocation of moving-picture exhibition licenses on Christmas Eve 1908, the mayor believed that the new medium degraded the morals of community. Its stated purpose was to endorse films of merit and champion the new art of the people, in an effort to avoid government censorship of films, the National Board became the unofficial clearinghouse for new movies. From 1916 into the 1950s thousands of motion pictures carried the legend Passed by the National Board of Review in their main titles, however, the Board was a de facto censorship organization. Producers submitted their films to the Board before making release prints, they agreed to cut out any footage that the Board found objectionable, up to and including destroying the entire film. In 1930, the NBR was the first group to choose the ten best English-language movies of the year and the best foreign films, everson, Alistair Cooke, and Pearl Buck. In addition, the Awards Jury helps to determine the special achievement awards presented at the gala in January. The organization also works to foster commentary on all aspects of production by underwriting educational film programs. In 2016, the NBR reached out to the community to The Reel Works Teen Filmmaking, The Ghetto Film School, the organization also awarded grants to seventeen student filmmakers as part of its annual Student Grant Program. The boardss official magazine had existed in several forms and different names since its inception, in 1950 the magazine changed its name from Screen Magazine, and launched the first issue as Films in Review on February 1,1950. Note, Until 1945, there were awards for Best Picture and intermittent awards for Best Documentary. Motion Picture Production Code Official website

National Board of Review of Motion Pictures
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Official logo of the NBR

43.
Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic, algorithmic way, founded in 1999. In 2008, Box Office Mojo was bought by the Internet Movie Database, the website is widely used within the film industry as a source of data. From 2002–11, Box Office Mojo had forums popular with film fans, on October 10,2014, the websites URL was redirected to Amazons IMDB. com website for one day, but the website returned the following day without explanation. Brandon Gray began the site in 1999, in 2002, Gray partnered with Sean Saulsbury and grew the site to nearly two million readers. In July 2008, the company was purchased by Amazon. com through its subsidiary, Box Office Mojo had forums with more than 16,500 registered users. On November 2,2011 the forums were closed along with any user accounts. Tracking is still very closely to the day by day, actual tabulation of distributors. The site also creates an overall chart, combining all box office returns from around the world, excluding the United States. The overall weekend chart currently tracks the Top 40 films as well as approximately fifty additional films with no ranking, the site additionally has yearly and all time features for its various territories. Box Office Mojo was as of June 2009 reporting limited data from overseas and is work on improvements, most of the international charts have not been updated since November 2014. On October 10,2014, all traffic to Box Office Mojo was redirected to IMDbs box office page, queries about the closure to IMDb and Amazon representatives were met with no response. Neither Brandon Gray, who founded the website but left several years ago after its sale to Amazon, nor Ray Subers, on Ray Subers Twitter account, he revealed the websites return, but also stated he would not answer any questions pertaining to closure. Subers subsequently left the website seven months later

Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo homepage

44.
Daily News (New York)
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The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City. It is the fourth-most widely circulated newspaper in the United States. It was founded in 1919, and was the first U. S. daily printed in tabloid format and it is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman, and is headquartered at 4 New York Plaza in Lower Manhattan. The Daily News was founded by Joseph Medill Patterson in 1919, Patterson and his cousin, Robert R. McCormick were co-publishers of the Chicago Tribune and grandsons of Tribune founder Joseph Medill. On his way back, Patterson met with Alfred Harmsworth, who was the Viscount Northcliffe and publisher of the Daily Mirror, impressed with the advantages of a tabloid, Patterson launched the Daily News on June 26,1919. The Daily News was not a success, and by August 1919. Still, New Yorks many subway commuters found the tabloid format easier to handle, by the time of the papers first anniversary in June 1920, circulation was over 100,000 and by 1925, over a million. Circulation reached its peak in 1947, at 2.4 million daily and 4.7 million on Sunday. The Daily News carried the slogan New Yorks Picture Newspaper from 1920 to 1991, for its emphasis on photographs, and a camera has been part of the newspapers logo from day one. The papers later slogan, developed from a 1985 ad campaign, is New Yorks Hometown Newspaper, while another has been The Eyes, the Ears, the Honest Voice of New York. News-gathering operations were, for a time, organized using two-way radios, prominent sports cartoonists have included Bill Gallo, Bruce Stark and Ed Murawinski. Editorial cartoonists have included C. D. Batchelor, editions were published as extras in 1991 during the brief tenure of Robert Maxwell as publisher. In 1982, and again in the early 1990s during a newspaper strike, in the 1982 instance, the parent Tribune offered the tabloid up for sale. In 1991, millionaire Robert Maxwell offered financial assistance to The News to help it stay in business, when Maxwell died shortly thereafter, The News seceded from his publishing empire, which eventually splintered under questions about whether Maxwell had the financial backing to sustain it. After Maxwells death in 1991, the paper was held together in bankruptcy by existing management, led by editor James Willse, mort Zuckerman bought the paper in 1993. From its founding until 1991, the Daily News was owned by the Tribune Company, in 1948 The News established WPIX, whose call letters were based on The News nickname of New Yorks Picture Newspaper, and later bought what became WPIX-FM, which is now known as WFAN-FM. The News also maintains local bureaux in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, at City Hall, within One Police Plaza, in January 2012, former News of the World and New York Post editor Colin Myler was appointed editor-in-chief of the Daily News. Myler was replaced by his deputy Jim Rich in September 2015, ather than portraying New York through the partisan divide between liberals and conservatives, The News has played up the more mythic rift between the city’s fiends and heroes

45.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network

Wayback Machine
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Wayback Machine

46.
Chicago Sun-Times
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The Chicago Sun-Times is a daily newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. It is the paper of the Sun-Times Media Group. The Chicago Sun-Times is the oldest continuously published daily newspaper in the city and it began in 1844 as the Chicago Daily Journal, which was the first newspaper to publish the rumor, now believed false, that a cow owned by Catherine OLeary was responsible for the Chicago fire. The Evening Journal, whose West Side building at 17-19 S. Canal was undamaged, in 1929, the newspaper was relaunched as the Chicago Daily Illustrated Times. The modern paper grew out of the 1948 merger of the Chicago Sun, founded December 4,1941 by Marshall Field III, and the Chicago Daily Times. The newspaper was owned by Field Enterprises, controlled by the Marshall Field family, when the Daily News ended its run in 1978, much of its staff, including Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Mike Royko, were moved to the Sun-Times. During the Field period, the newspaper had a populist, progressive character that leaned Democratic but was independent of the citys Democratic establishment, although the graphic style was urban tabloid, the paper was well regarded for journalistic quality and did not rely on sensational front-page stories. It typically ran articles from the Washington Post/Los Angeles Times wire service, the advice column Ask Ann Landers debuted in 1943. Ann Landers was the pseudonym of staff writer Ruth Crowley, who answered readers letters until 1955, eppie Lederer, sister of Dear Abby columnist Abigail van Buren, assumed the role thereafter as Ann Landers. Kups Column, written by Irv Kupcinet, also made its first appearance in 1943, Jack Olsen joined the Sun-Times as editor-in-chief in 1954, before moving on to Time and Sports Illustrated magazines and authoring true-crime books. Hired as literary editor in 1955 was Hoke Norris, who covered the civil-rights movement for the Sun-Times. Jerome Holtzman became a member of the Chicago Sun sports department after first being a boy for the Daily News in the 1940s. He and Edgar Munzel, another longtime sportswriter for the paper, famed for his World War II exploits, two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist Bill Mauldin made the Sun-Times his home base in 1962. The following year, Mauldin drew one of his most renowned illustrations, two years out of college, Roger Ebert became a staff writer in 1966, and a year later was named Sun-Times film critic. He continued in this role for the remainder of his life, after the friend wrote a story about it, Grizzard fired Banks. With that, the employees union intervened, a federal arbitrator ruled for Banks and 13 months later. The articles received considerable publicity and acclaim, but a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize met resistance from some who believed the Mirage series represented a form of entrapment. In March 1978, the afternoon publication the Chicago Daily News, sister paper of the Sun-Times

Chicago Sun-Times
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The November 19, 2008 front page of the Chicago Sun-Times
Chicago Sun-Times
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Chuck Neubauer in the former Chicago Sun-Times newsroom, 1998.
Chicago Sun-Times
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Current Chicago Sun-Times headquarters, located in the River North Point building at 350 North Orleans Street
Chicago Sun-Times
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Former Chicago Sun-Times headquarters with Wrigley Building and Tribune Tower

47.
Premiere Magazine
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Premiere was an American and New York City-based film magazine published by Hachette Filipacchi Media U. S. between 1987 and 2010. The original version of the magazine, Première, was established in France in 1976 and is still being published there, the magazine originally had offices in Los Angeles and New York and was published by Rupert Murdoch. He said that early on the magazine gave us a lot of freedom to do hard-hitting, chris Connelly is another former editor who went on to work as a correspondent for ESPN and contributing correspondent for ABCs 20/20 and a commentator backstage at the Academy Awards. News Corporation sold the magazine to K-III in 1991, and Hachette reacquired the magazine in 1995, after Lyne left the magazine, Connelly became editor-in-chief in early 1996 with Nancy Griffin as deputy editor. Premiere was released ten times a year, with issues dated February, March, April, May, June, July/August, September, October, November and it sold all over the United States, Canada, Australia, Britain and France, among others. Each issue of Premiere included regular features, such as, The Backstory - An introduction by current Editor-in-Chief, letter Box - Letters from readers, which also often include comments from industry insiders. The column offered comical comments on current movies by way of anecdotes about Libby, her Jewish mother Sondra, her gay male friend Andrew, her orthodontist husband Josh, the list typically contains prominent actors, directors, producers, agents, and lawyers. Very rarely, a screenwriter will make the list, women in Hollywood - Each year, the magazines October issue celebrates some of the most prominent women in Hollywood. Actresses are typically the focus, although the magazine has also covered female studio executives, a corresponding reception is held in Los Angeles. Academy Awards Coverage - Each year the magazine would cover the Oscars very extensively, a book came out of its coverage written by Steve Pond titled The Big Show. Premieres editor, Peter Herbst, was appointed vice president. From 1995 to 2000, Herbst was editor-in-chief for Family Life magazine, prior to his position at Family Life, Herbst worked for People, Marie Claire, New York magazine, the New York Daily News, and Rolling Stone. On March 5,2007, publisher Hachette Filipacchi Media U. S. announced that it was shutting down the U. S. print edition of Premiere, the print editions in other countries—the Czech Republic, France, Poland, Portugal and Spain—were unaffected by this announcement. The Portuguese edition was canceled in October 2007, the Czech Republic edition last issue was June 2009. The last published issue was the April 2007, the final issue gave readers no warning that it would be the last. Negative response to the offer immediately was posted to the websites forum pages by unhappy subscribers. The online version did not survive long, official Site The Site of Movie Magazines Covers for all 230+ issues

Premiere Magazine
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Premiere

48.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database

IMDb
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Internet Movie Database (IMDb)

49.
12 Angry Men (1957 film)
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12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. In the United States, a verdict in most criminal trials by jury must be unanimous, the film is notable for its almost exclusive use of one set, out of 96 minutes of run time, only three minutes take place outside of the jury room. 12 Angry Men explores many techniques of consensus-building, and the difficulties encountered in the process, among a group of men whose range of personalities adds intensity and conflict. In 2007, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. In a New York City courthouse a jury commences deliberating the case of an 18-year-old boy from a slum, if there is any reasonable doubt they are to return a verdict of not guilty. If found guilty, the boy will receive a death sentence, in a preliminary vote, all jurors vote guilty except Juror 8, who argues that the boy deserves some deliberation. Juror 8 questions the accuracy and reliability of the two witnesses, and the prosecutions claim that the murder weapon, a common switchblade, was rare. Juror 8 argues that reasonable doubt exists, and that he therefore cannot in conscience vote guilty, Juror 8 suggests a secret ballot, from which he will abstain, and agrees to change his vote if the others unanimously vote guilty. The ballot is held and a new not guilty vote appears, an angry Juror 3 accuses Juror 5, who grew up in a slum, of changing his vote out of sympathy towards slum children. However, Juror 9 reveals it was he that changed his vote, Juror 8 argues that the noise of a passing train would have obscured the verbal threat that one witness claimed to have heard the boy tell his father Im going to kill you. Juror 5 then changes his vote, Juror 11 also changes his vote, believing the boy would not likely have tried to retrieve the murder weapon from the scene if it had been cleaned of fingerprints. An angry Juror 3 shouts that they are losing their chance to burn the boy, Juror 8 accuses him of being a sadist. Jurors 2 and 6 then change their votes, tying the vote at 6–6, Juror 4 doubts the boys alibi of being at the movies, because he could not recall it in much detail. Juror 8 tests how well Juror 4 remembers previous days, which he does, Juror 2 questions the likelihood that the boy, who was almost a foot shorter than his father, could have inflicted the downward stab wound found in the body. Jurors 3 and 8 then conduct an experiment to see whether a person could stab downwards on a taller person. Increasingly impatient, Juror 7 changes his vote to hasten the deliberation, coincidentally, it begins to storm outside, rendering his selfish decision pointless. Jurors 12 and 1 then change their votes, leaving only three dissenters, Jurors 3,4 and 10, Juror 10 then vents a torrent of condemnation of slum-born people, claiming they are no better than animals who kill for fun. Most of the others turn their backs to him, except for Juror 4, Juror 12 then reverts his vote, making the vote 8–4

50.
A View from the Bridge (film)
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A View from the Bridge is a 1962 French-Italian drama film directed by Sidney Lumet with a screenplay by Norman Rosten based on the play of the same name written by Arthur Miller. It was filmed in English and French versions, and its exterior sequences were filmed on location on the waterfront of Brooklyn, New York, where the play, however, this overture was intended as an accusation of someone being gay, rather than a romantic expression. In Film Quarterly, Pauline Kael called the not so much a drama as a sentence thats been passed on the audience. Stanley Kauffmans review for The New Republic was titled The Unadaptable Adapted, however, The one great obstruction to the drama — and a fatal obstruction it becomes—is the slowly evolving demonstration that the principal character is a boor. As much as his nigh-incestuous passion and his subsequent jealousy may be credible and touching, they are low in the emotional scale and are obviously seamy. They havent the universal scope of greed or envy or ambition or such obsessions as drive men to ruin, the film is more commonly remembered today for a shocking set piece, in which Eddie kisses Rodolpho full on the lips to prove that the boy is gay. For his performance as Eddie Carbone, Raf Vallone won the David di Donatello for Best Actor, a View from the Bridge at the Internet Movie Database

A View from the Bridge (film)
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A View from the Bridge

51.
Fail Safe (1964 film)
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Fail Safe is a 1964 Cold War thriller film directed by Sidney Lumet, based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler. It portrays a fictional account of a nuclear crisis, the film features performances by actors Henry Fonda, Dan OHerlihy, Walter Matthau and Frank Overton. Larry Hagman, Fritz Weaver, Dom DeLuise and Sorrell Booke appeared in film roles. Fail Safe describes how Cold War tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States lead to an accidental thermonuclear first strike after an error sends a group of US bombers to bomb Moscow. In 2000, the novel was adapted again as a play, starring George Clooney, Richard Dreyfuss and Noah Wyle. Defense protocols dictate that SAC must keep several bomber groups airborne 24 hours a day in the event of an attack on the United States. Following the alert, bombers are ordered to proceed to predetermined aerial fail-safe points to await the final go-ahead before proceeding towards Soviet targets, shortly after they reach those points, the alert is canceled. The intruder is identified as a civilian airliner. However, an error results in a go code being sent to one bomber group, ordering them to attack their predetermined target. SAC headquarters begins trying to rescind the order and it fails because a new Soviet countermeasure has begun radio jamming communications between the bomber group and SAC. With his orders apparently confirmed, Colonel Jack Grady, the US bomber groups commander, with pressure mounting, the President of the United States and his advisers attempt to recall the group or shoot them down. Communications are initiated with the Soviet Chairman in which mistakes on both sides are acknowledged, the jamming ceases, but the crew follows their training and protocols and dismisses the counter-orders as a Soviet ruse. The President struggles to find a resolution that will stop the Soviet Union from launching a counterattack, if he fails and he offers to sacrifice an American target to appease the Soviets, and he orders an American bomber towards New York City. The Presidents advisers in the Pentagon discover that the President has sacrificed the First Lady, the lone surviving American bomber devastates Moscow. The President orders General Black, whose wife and children live in New York, to drop the same nuclear payload on that city, after releasing the bombs, Black, who is flying the bomber, commits suicide. The last moments of the film images of people in New York going about their daily lives. The film was shot in black and white, in a dramatic, theatrical style with claustrophobic close-ups, sharp shadows, there was no musical underscoring or any music played, except as radio background during a scene at an Air Force base in Alaska. With few exceptions, the takes place largely in the White House underground bunker, the Pentagon war conference room, the SAC war room

Fail Safe (1964 film)
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theatrical release poster

52.
The Hill (film)
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The Hill is a 1965 film directed by Sidney Lumet, set in a British army prison in North Africa in the Second World War. It stars Sean Connery, Harry Andrews, Ian Bannen, Ossie Davis, Ian Hendry, Alfred Lynch, Roy Kinnear, the arrival of five new prisoners slowly leads to a clash with the camp authorities. One new NCO guard who has also just arrived employs excessive punishments, Roberts openly scorns Williamss brutality and serves as challenge to his authority. The RSM is a soldier who sees his vital task as breaking down failed soldiers, then building them back up again, in his words. Staff Sergeant Williams is new to the prison, and his ambition is matched only by his treatment of the prisoners. And what are you supposed to be, Roberts asks him when he is accused of cowardice in battle, a brave man in a permanent base job. The RSM seems to agree, in another scene, he mentions the fact that the Germans were bombing the UK just as Williams was volunteering for prison duty in Africa. Staff Sergeant Harris is the conscience of the prison who sympathises with the men, too closely, the officers, both the CO and the Medical Officer, take their duties casually and, as Roberts points out, everyone is doing time here, even the screws. In the finale, the camps Medical Officer and Staff Sergeant Harris decide to report the abuses at the camp, the film was based on a screenplay by Ray Rigby, who wrote for TV and had spent time in military prison. Movie rights were bought by Seven Arts Productions who had a deal with MGM. Producer Kenneth Hyman arranged for Rigbys script to be rewritten by other people but when Sidney Lumet came on board as director and he and Rigby did cut out around 100 pages of material before filming. There really isnt a lot of story, said Lumet and its all character - a group of men, prisoners and jailers alike, driven by the same motive force, fear. Sean Connery agreed to play the lead because it represented such a change of pace from James Bond and it is only because of my reputation as Bond that the backers put up the money for The Hill, he said. Lumet says he told Connery before filming began that, Im going to make demands of you, physically and emotionally. The result is beyond my hopes and he is real and tough and not at all smooth or nice. In a way hes a heavy but the real heavy is the Army, filming took place in Almeria, Spain starting 8 September 1964. An old Spanish fort in Málaga was used for the prison, the Hill did not perform well in movie theatres, although it received excellent reviews. Ray Rigby published a novel of the story in 1965, the Hill at the Internet Movie Database The Hill at Rotten Tomatoes The Hill at the TCM Movie Database The Hill at AllMovie The Hill at the American Film Institute Catalog

The Hill (film)
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original film poster

53.
The Group (film)
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The cast of this social satire includes Candice Bergen, Joan Hackett, Elizabeth Hartman, Shirley Knight, Jessica Walter, Kathleen Widdoes, and Joanna Pettet. The film also features small roles for Hal Holbrook, Carrie Nye, James Broderick, Larry Hagman, for its time, the film touched on controversial topics, such as free love, contraception, abortion, lesbianism, and mental illness. After their university days, eight women go their separate ways, Lakey, always regarded as their leader, leaves for Europe to begin a new life on her own. The domestic lives of the others go mainly awry, priss has married a doctor but has two miscarriages. Kay weds a playwright who cheats on her, dottie gives up a flamboyant lifestyle in Greenwich Village to settle down with a dull Arizona businessman. Pokey has her hands full with two sets of twins, with the wars intensity building in Europe in 1939, Lakey returns home. When the others discover that the woman with her is more than just a traveling companion, after a tragedy that results in the death of one of the women in 1940, Lakey leads them to the funeral for one last time together as a group. It was the 25th highest-grossing film of 1966, the Group was released to DVD by MGM Home Video on January 15,2011, via the MGM Choice Collection as a Region 1 manufacture-on-demand DVD. Variety wrote that the film is faithful to the novel but retains too much detail, Joan Hackett was nominated for the British BAFTA Film Award for the best foreign actress. The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 16th Berlin International Film Festival in 1966, list of American films of 1966 The Group at the Internet Movie Database The Group at AllMovie

The Group (film)
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Film poster

54.
The Deadly Affair
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The Deadly Affair is a 1966 British espionage–thriller film, based on John le Carrés first novel Call for the Dead. The film stars James Mason, Harry Andrews, Simone Signoret, the soundtrack was composed by Quincy Jones, and the bossa nova theme song, Who Needs Forever, is performed by Astrud Gilberto. In contemporary London, Charles Dobbs is a staid MI5 operative investigating Foreign Office official Samuel Fennan, Dobbs becomes suspicious when a wake-up call is made to Fennans home the next morning. While his widow Elsa says it was for her, this is discovered to be a lie, Dobbs then suspects that Elsa, a survivor of an extermination camp, might have some clues, but other officials want Dobbs to drop the case. Dobbs privately links up with retired police inspector Mendel to continue inquiries, Dobbs uses his knowledge of Dieter to set a trap, which proves that Elsa is the spy and Dieter is her control. In a final confrontation, Dieter strangles Elsa and shoots Mendel but is killed bare handed by the enraged Dobbs, jamess Park, at the Balloon Tavern and the Chelsea Embankment in Chelsea, in Clapham and Barnes, and in Twickenham. The exterior of Dobbs house is in St. Georges Square, director of photography Freddie Youngs technique of pre-exposing the colour film negative to a small, controlled amount of light in order to create a muted colour palette was first used in this film. Lumet called the result colorless color and it proved influential, being used by other such as Vilmos Zsigmond on McCabe & Mrs. Miller. The Deadly Affair at the Internet Movie Database The Deadly Affair at AllMovie The Deadly Affair at the TCM Movie Database

The Deadly Affair
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movie poster

55.
Bye Bye Braverman
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Bye Bye Braverman is a 1968 American comedy film directed by Sidney Lumet. The screenplay by Herbert Sargent was adapted from the 1964 novel To an Early Grave by Wallace Markfield, when idealistic minor author Leslie Braverman dies suddenly from a heart attack at the age of 41, his four best friends decide to attend his funeral. The men have been friends since their youth and they agree to meet at Christopher Park on Sheridan Square, a Greenwich Village landmark, from which they travel in Levines cramped Volkswagen Beetle. Due to confusion and bad directions from Bravermans widow, the men attend the wrong funeral, the character Leslie Braverman never actually appears, by flashback or otherwise, and is known only through descriptions and references to him by other characters. The Warner Bros. -Seven Arts release was filmed on location in Manhattan, the Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn, and Cedar Grove Cemetery in Flushing. The movie is notable for its gritty but romanticized and picturesque portrayal of New York City as it was in the 1960s, showing elevated train tracks and bodegas and using numerous aerial shots. In the meeting scene at Sheridan Square, the office of The Village Voice newspaper, a scene where the mourners stop to use a pay telephone takes place in front of one of the legendary Big Daddys Restaurants then located on Coney Island Avenue in Brooklyn. Dalkey Archive Press editor Jeremy M, the fantasy or flashback experiences of Morroe Rieff mirror Joyces stream of consciousness writing style. In turn, Joyces Dignam character is regarded as an echo of Elpenor in the Odyssey from ancient Greece. Max Ottensteen, son of Felix Ottensteen Producer, gerald B. Greenberg and Ralph Rosenblum Art Direction. Anna Hill Johnstone In her New York Times review, Renata Adler described the film as a movie about New York Jews, which—by some unlucky mixed perspective of affection and satire—turns into a pogrom. Sidney Lumet gets a chance to explore some Brooklyn neighborhoods and to show some Orthodox Jews in their relative Old Testament purity and it hardly ever works in fiction, and it does not seem the best vehicle for his movies at all. Pauline Kael described it as a crudely affectionate comic romp, the movie is often gross and its sloppily thrown together, but the characters rhetoric has some juice in it. Its a low-comedy situation played for emotional wallowing as well as for laughs, Time said it has a lot to talk about, and nothing much to say. As the storys central character, actor Segal shows flashes of a talent hitherto unexplored by Hollywood. But what picture there is for stealing is burgled by Wiseman with his portrayal of a stereotypical litterateur, according to the Time Out London Film Guide, the film is a little unfocused but bristles with Jewish wit and fine performances. The film was released on DVD in April 2009 as part of the Warner Archive series, list of American films of 1968 Bye Bye Braverman at the Internet Movie Database Bye Bye Braverman at Rotten Tomatoes Bye Bye Braverman at AllMovie

Bye Bye Braverman
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Original poster

56.
The Sea Gull
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The Sea Gull is a 1968 British-American-Greek drama film directed by Sidney Lumet. The screenplay by Moura Budberg is adapted from Anton Chekhovs classic 1896 play The Seagull, the Warner Bros. -Seven Arts release was filmed at the Europa Studios in Sundbyberg, Stockholms län, just outside central Stockholm. Set in a rural Russian house, the focuses on the romantic and artistic conflicts among an eclectic group of characters. Fading leading lady Irina Arkadina has come to visit her brother Sorin, a civil servant in ailing health, with her lover. Her son, brooding experimental playwright Konstantin Treplev, adores the ingenue Nina and their interactions slowly lead to the moral and spiritual disintegration of each of them and ultimately lead to tragedy. Rune Hjelm, Rolf Larsson Costume Design, Lumets way with this adaptation by Moura Budberg is implacably straightforward. It plows ahead, scene by scene, act by act, in there always is first an establishing long shot. This kind of Secret Storm technique inevitably flattens out the nuances and it also makes too literal the boredom and quiet despair that should hang over the Chekovian characters like an unseen mist. Most of the performances are excellent, but all of the actors seem to be on their own, miss Signoret is simply miscast, if only because of her Frenchness. Her speech rhythms are so jarring that its impossible to understand her. As a result of the variety of styles, the movie turns into a series of confrontations that seem as isolated as specialty acts. Without the single dominating influence that should have been provided by Lumet, Time observed, The paralyzing problem with this film version of Chekhovs first major play is that it is far too dramatic. Any traces of wit have been pretty well destroyed by Lumets lumbering technique, the actors perform as if they were all on the verge of a nervous breakdown. Lumet moves his camera incessantly to give the illusion of action, variety called it a sensitive, well-made and abstractly interesting period pic. According to the Time Out London Film Guide, it is basically an actors film, sometimes dull and almost always unsatisfactory, despite excellent performances. The Sea Gull at the Internet Movie Database

The Sea Gull
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Theatrical release poster

57.
The Appointment
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The Appointment is a 1969 psychological drama film from director Sidney Lumet and writer James Salter, based on the story by Antonio Leonviola. After becoming involved with the ex-fiancée of an acquaintance, lawyer Federico Fendi becomes consumed with suspicion that his new wife Carla may be moonlighting as a high-class prostitute. His attempts to entrap her lead to disaster, the Appointment has three original scores. Michel Legrand composed the films first score and that score contained only a single theme, with variations, and was ultimately rejected. A replacement score was composed by John Barry, which was used in the theatrical release. Barrys score also contained a single theme with variations, with the exception of select location scenes, selections from all three scores were finally released on CD in 2003 by Film Score Monthly. The Appointment was nominated for the Palme dOr at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival, the prize was instead awarded to the British black comedy If. The film was featured in Lionpower, a 27-minute promotional film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, list of American films of 1969 The Appointment at the Internet Movie Database The Appointment at AllMovie

The Appointment
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Theatrical release poster

58.
King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis
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It uses only original newsreel and other primary material, unvarnished and unretouched, and covers the period from the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955 and 1956 through his assassination in 1968. The movie was produced by Ely Landau, richard J. Kaplan was the associate producer in charge of production. When first released, it was shown in theaters as an event on March 24,1970 for one night only. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary, Features, in 1999, this film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in its National Film Registry. Then for many years it was no longer available and rarely seen, a Filmed Record, Inc. released the DVD and King was once again available after 40 years of being a lost film. In 2012 A Filmed Record, Inc. entered into an agreement with Kino Lorber giving them exclusive rights to distribute King. Kino Lorber is also launching an educational campaign to provide the 24 minute abridged film. Movie Review, King A Filmed Record Montgomery to Memphis Screen, Legacy of a Dream King, A Filmed Record. Montgomery to Memphis at the Internet Movie Database

59.
The Anderson Tapes
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The Anderson Tapes is a Technicolor 1971 American crime film in Panavision directed by Sidney Lumet, starring Sean Connery and featuring Dyan Cannon, Martin Balsam, and comedian Alan King. The screenplay was written by Frank Pierson, based upon a best-selling 1970 novel of the name by Lawrence Sanders. The film is scored by Quincy Jones and marks the film debut of Christopher Walken. It was the first major film to focus on the pervasiveness of electronic surveillance, following the Watergate scandal a few years later, covert surveillance, and who is listening, became the themes of several 1970s films such as The Conversation and The Parallax View. Burglar John Duke Anderson is released ten years in prison. He renews his relationship with his old girlfriend, Ingrid and she lives in a high-class apartment block in New York City and Anderson, almost instantly, decides to burgle the entire building in a single sweep – filling a furniture van with the proceeds. He gains financing from a nostalgic Mafia boss and gathers his four-man crew, also included is an old ex-con drunk, Pop, whom Anderson met in jail, and who is to play concierge while the real one is bound and gagged in the cellar. Less welcome is a man the Mafia foists onto Anderson – the thuggish Socks, Socks is a psychopath who has become a liability to the mob and, as part of the deal, Anderson must kill him in the course of the robbery. Anderson is not keen on this, since the operation is complicated enough, as Anderson advances the scheme, he moves from the surveillance of one group to another as locations or individuals change. Yet, because the federal, state and city agencies performing the surveillance are all after different goals, none of them is able to connect the dots. The operation proceeds over a Labor Day weekend, disguised as a Mayflower moving and storage crew, the crooks cut telephone and alarm wires and move up through the building, gathering the residents as they go and robbing each apartment. However, the son of two of the residents is a paraplegic and asthmatic who is left behind in his air-conditioned room, using his amateur radio equipment, he calls up other radio amateurs, based in other states, who contact the police. The alarm is raised, but only after resolving which side should take the phone bill. As the oblivious criminals work, the police array enormous forces outside to prevent their escape, in the shootout that follows, Anderson kills Socks, but is himself shot by the police. The other robbers are killed, injured or captured, but none gets away, Pop gives himself up after letting the police believe that he is the real concierge for a while. Having never adapted to life on the outside, he looks forward to going back to prison, cast notes This was the first major motion picture for Christopher Walken, as well as the last on-screen film appearance by Margaret Hamilton. Sean Connery, Martin Balsam, and director Sidney Lumet were to work again on Murder on the Orient Express. Connery had previously worked with the director on The Hill, and they would reunite the following year on The Offence, Balsam and Lumet had worked together previously on 12 Angry Men

The Anderson Tapes
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original movie poster

60.
The Offence
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The Offence is a 1972 British drama film directed by Sidney Lumet, based upon the 1968 stage play This Story of Yours by John Hopkins. It stars Sean Connery as police detective Johnson, who kills suspected child molester Kenneth Baxter while interrogating him, the film explores Johnsons varied, often aggressive attempts at rationalizing what he did, revealing his true motives for killing the suspect in a series of flashbacks. Trevor Howard and Vivien Merchant appear in supporting roles. Detective-Sergeant Johnson has been an officer for 20 years, and is deeply affected by the murders, rapes. He is plagued by images of violence, and is losing his mind under the strain and his anger surfaces while interrogating Kenneth Baxter, who is suspected of raping a young girl, by the end of the interrogation, Johnson has beaten him to death. Johnson is suspended and returns home for the night, and gets into a violent argument with his wife, the following day, Johnson is interrogated by Detective Superintendent Cartwright, and during the long interrogation flashbacks show the events during the night when Johnson killed Baxter. Johnson at first flies into a rage and strikes Baxter, but he admits that he does indeed harbour obsessive fantasies of murder. He then tearfully begs Baxter to help him, when Baxter recoils from him in disgust, Johnson snaps and kills him. The film ends with another flashback, this time of Johnson attacking the police officers who pulled him off Baxter, as he realizes what he has done. The action sequences of the interaction between Connery and Bannen were designed by an uncredited Bob Simmons, who had designed similar action scenes for the Bond films. It is the composer Sir Harrison Birtwistles only film score, united Artists finally released The Offence in 1973. It was a failure and did not yield a profit for nine years, even going unreleased in several markets, including France. United Artists pulled out of the deal and the next project and it still packs quite a punch and features compelling performances from both Sean Connery and Ian Bannen. Less well-known than his other British pictures, this unrelentingly somber policier inaugurates a newfound force in Lumet’s work. The story, adapted by John Hopkins from his play, abounds in stylistic tics, in 2004, MGM UK released a DVD of the film which contained no extras or trailers. Simultaneous releases from MGM were made in other PAL format countries, such as Germany, on 20 October 2008, the film was again released on DVD in the UK by Optimum Releasing, again without extras or trailers. A French Region 2 DVD, preserving the original ratio of 1,1.66. In April 2010, MGM put the film out on a U. S. DVD-R on demand for the first time and it is available as an exclusive from Amazon. com and contains no extras

The Offence
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The Offence

61.
Serpico
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Serpico is a 1973 American neo-noir crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Al Pacino. Waldo Salt and Norman Wexler wrote the screenplay, adapting Peter Maass biography of NYPD officer Frank Serpico, both Maass book and the film cover 12 years,1960 to 1972. The film and principals were nominated for awards, earning recognition for its score, direction, screenplay. The film was also a commercial success, working as a uniformed patrolman, Frank Serpico excels at every assignment. He moves on to plainclothes assignments, where he discovers a hidden world of corruption. After witnessing cops commit violence, take payoffs, and other forms of corruption, Serpico decides to expose what he has seen. His struggle leads to infighting within the force, problems in his personal relationships. Finally, after being shot in the face during a drug bust on February 3,1971, he testifies before the Knapp Commission, after receiving a New York City Police Department Medal of Honor and a disability pension, Serpico resigns from the force and moves to Switzerland. Prior to any work on the film, producer Martin Bregman had lunch with Peter Maas to discuss a film adaptation of his biography of Frank Serpico, waldo Salt, a screenwriter, began to write the script which director Sidney Lumet deemed to be too long. Another screenwriter, Norman Wexler, did the work followed by play lines. Director John G. Avildsen was originally slated to direct the movie, Lumet took the helm as director just before filming. The story was filmed in New York City, a total of 104 different locations in four of the five boroughs of the city were used. An apartment at 5-7 Minetta Street in Manhattans Greenwich Village was used as Serpicos residence, lewisohn Stadium, which was closed at the time of filming, was used for one scene. Serpico was a commercial success, given the times and its modest budget. It grossed $29.8 million at the box office. Serpico was widely acclaimed by critics, currently holding at Rotten Tomatoes a score of 90% based on reviews from 39 critics, and a rating average of 8 out of 10. At Metacritic, which assigns an average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics. Pacinos role as Frank Serpico is ranked at #40 on the American Film Institutes AFIs 100 Years.100 Heroes & Villains list, the film is also ranked at #84 on the AFIs AFIs 100 Years.100 Cheers, a list of Americas most inspiring movies

Serpico
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theatrical release poster

62.
Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)
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Murder on the Orient Express is a 1974 British mystery film directed by Sidney Lumet, produced by John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin, and based on the 1934 novel Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie, the film features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, who is asked to investigate the murder of an American business tycoon aboard the Orient Express train. The screenplay is by Paul Dehn as well as an uncredited Anthony Shaffer, of these nominations, Bergman was the only winner. A new adaptation is due to be released in November 2017, starring Kenneth Branagh, Judi Dench, aside from Poirot, the other passengers travelling on the Calais coach are, Mrs. Hardman, an American theatrical agent. That night the train is caught in heavy snows en route through Yugoslavia, Poirot is disturbed numerous times during the night. The next morning Ratchett is found stabbed to death in his cabin, Poirot and Bianchi work together to solve the case. They enlist the help of Dr. Constantine, a Greek medical doctor who was travelling in another coach with Bianchi as the other passenger. Pierre Michel, the French conductor of the car, also assists the investigation, Dr. Constantines examination reveals Ratchett was stabbed 12 times. Some wounds were slight, but at least three of them could have resulted in death, the stopped watch in the victims pocket, as well as Poirots reconstructed timeline of passenger activities the night before, indicate that Ratchett was murdered at about 1,15 a. m. The train had stopped, surrounded by snow, before then. There are no tracks in the snow and the doors to the cars were locked. Also discovered at the scene of the crime are a pipe-cleaner, a handkerchief with the initial H. Overcome with grief, the pregnant Mrs. Armstrong went into labour early, a French maidservant named Paulette, wrongly suspected of complicity in the kidnapping, committed suicide, only to be found innocent later. Colonel Armstrong, consumed by these tragedies, later killed himself as well. Cassetti betrayed his partner, leaving him to be executed while he fled the country with the ransom, Poirot, Constantine and Bianchi begin their interrogation of the passengers. Arbuthnott also displays a knowledge of Armstrongs military decorations. When Poirot interviews Princess Dragomiroff he discovers she is a friend of the now-bedridden actress Linda Arden, Mrs Armstrongs mother. He learns that also in the household were a butler, a secretary, a cook, a chauffeur and a nursemaid to Daisy

Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)
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Original British quad format film poster

63.
Network (film)
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Network is a 1976 American satirical film written by Paddy Chayefsky and directed by Sidney Lumet, about a fictional television network, UBS, and its struggle with poor ratings. The film stars Faye Dunaway, William Holden, Peter Finch, and Robert Duvall and features Wesley Addy, Ned Beatty, the film won four Academy Awards, in the categories of Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Original Screenplay. In 2000, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. In 2002, it was inducted into the Producers Guild of America Hall of Fame as a film that has set a standard for U. S. In 2005, the two Writers Guilds of America voted Chayefskys script one of the 10 greatest screenplays in the history of cinema. In 2007, the film was 64th among the 100 greatest American films as chosen by the American Film Institute, the two get drunk and lament the state of their industry. The following night, Beale announces on television that he will commit suicide on next Tuesdays broadcast. UBS fires him after this incident, but Schumacher intervenes so that Beale can have a dignified farewell, Beale promises he will apologize for his outburst, but once on the air, he launches back into a rant claiming that life is bullshit. Beales outburst causes the newscasts ratings to spike, and much to Schumachers dismay, in one impassioned diatribe, Beale galvanizes the nation, persuading his viewers to shout out of their windows Im as mad as hell, and Im not going to take this anymore. When Beales ratings seem to have topped out, Christensen approaches Schumacher and he says no to the professional offer, but not to the personal one, and the two begin an affair. When Schumacher decides to end Beale as the angry man format, Christensen convinces her boss, Frank Hackett, Hackett agrees, bullying the UBS executives to consent and fire Schumacher. Soon afterward, Beale is hosting a new program called The Howard Beale Show and you are television incarnate, Diana, he tells her, indifferent to suffering, insensitive to joy. All of life is reduced to the rubble of banality. This throws the top brass into a state of panic because the companys debt load has made the merger essential for its survival. Jensen persuades Beale to abandon the populist messages and preach his new evangel, however, television audiences find his new sermons on the dehumanization of society depressing, and ratings begin to slide, yet Jensen will not allow UBS executives to fire Beale. The assassination succeeds, putting an end to The Howard Beale Show, cast notes Kathy Cronkite appears as kidnapped heiress Mary Ann Gifford. Lance Henriksen has an uncredited role as a network lawyer at the meetings in Diana Christensens Los Angeles office. Ken Kercheval makes an appearance as a lawyer in the negotiation scene, part of the inspiration for Chayefskys script allegedly came from the on-air suicide of television news reporter Christine Chubbuck in Sarasota, Florida two years earlier

64.
The Wiz (film)
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The Wiz is a 1978 American musical adventure film produced in collaboration between Universal Pictures and Motown Productions, and released by Universal Pictures on October 24,1978. Befriended by a Scarecrow, a Tin Man, and a Cowardly Lion, she travels through the city to seek an audience with the mysterious Wiz, who they say is the only one powerful enough to send her home. Produced by Rob Cohen and directed by Sidney Lumet, The Wiz stars Diana Ross, Michael Jackson, Nipsey Russell, Ted Ross, Mabel King, Theresa Merritt, Thelma Carpenter, Lena Horne, and Richard Pryor. The films story was reworked from William F. Browns Broadway libretto by Joel Schumacher, a handful of new songs, written by Jones and the songwriting team of Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson, were added for the film version. Despite its initial failure, the became a cult classic, particularly among African-American audiences, Oz enthusiasts. Certain aspects of this film adaptation influenced The Wiz Live, a live television adaptation of the musical, aired on NBC in 2015. A crowded Thanksgiving dinner brings a host of family together in a small Harlem apartment, extremely introverted, Dorothy is teased by Aunt Em for never having been south of 125th Street, as she has delayed moving out to start her own, independent life as an adult. While Dorothy cleans up after the meal, Dorothys dog Toto runs out the kitchen door into a violent snowstorm. She succeeds in retrieving him, but finds herself trapped in the storm, a magical whirlwind made of snow – the work of Glinda, the Good Witch of the South – materializes and transports them to the realm of Oz. As a result, Dorothy frees the Munchkins who populate the playground into which she lands, however, Dorothy declares she doesnt want the shoes and desperately just wants to get home to Aunt Em. Miss One urges her to follow the yellow brick road to the capital Emerald City, after telling her to never take the silver shoes off, the good witch and the Munchkins then disappear and Dorothy is left to search for the road on her own. The next morning, Dorothy happens upon a Scarecrow made of garbage and rags, and saves him from being teased and picked on by a group of humanoid crows. The two of them discover the yellow brick road and happily begin to follow it together, the Scarecrow hopes the Wizard might be able to give him the one thing he feels that he lacks – a brain. The Tin Man and Lion join them on their quest to find the Wizard, hoping to gain a heart and courage, respectively. Before the five adventurers reach the Emerald City, they must face obstacles such as a subway where they meet a crazy subway peddler who unleashes evil puppets in his control. They narrowly escape the subway and then encounter the Poppy Girls, flamboyant prostitutes who attempt to put Dorothy, Toto, and they are granted an audience with the Wiz, who lives at the very top of the Towers. He appears to them as a giant fire-breathing metallic head and he will only grant their wishes if they kill the sister of the Wicked Witch of the East, Evillene, the Wicked Witch of the West, who runs a sweatshop in the underground sewers of Oz. Before they can reach her domain, Evillene learns of their quest to kill her, after a long chase, the Flying Monkeys succeed in capturing their targets and bring them back to Evillene

The Wiz (film)
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Theatrical release poster 1978

65.
Just Tell Me What You Want
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Just Tell Me What You Want is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Sidney Lumet. It stars Ali MacGraw, Peter Weller and Alan King, and was also Myrna Loys final film, the screenplay by Jay Presson Allen, adapted from her novel, won her the David di Donatello Award for Best Screenplay of a Foreign Film. To date, this is MacGraws last leading role in a film, Max, however, is not a man to accept defeat in any of his endeavors, and he retaliates with a vengeance. The two engage in a battle of wits, with Max discovering money cant resolve everything when he is outsmarted by business rival Seymour Berger. It leads to a fight between Max and Bones at New Yorks Bergdorf Goodman. Robert Drumheller, Justin Scoppa, Jr. Costume Design, gloria Gresham, Tony Walton The film features the last motion picture performance of Myrna Loy, who plays Herschels confidential secretary. Interiors of the Warner Bros. release were filmed at the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, New York, in his review in Time, Frank Rich stated, After a brisk 20 minutes, the movie loses its assurance and sense of purpose. Indeed, Jay Presson Allens screenplay reels around like a drunken sailor, from moment to moment, Just Tell Me is a somber and confusingly plotted story of corporate power struggles, a syrupy account of a love triangle, and a sloppy satire of show business. There are still some bright moments, but they are separated by flaccid, the few high points belong to King and MacGraw. is too much of a pussycat to convey the heros toughness, but he delivers Allens best sallies with crackling speed. Though MacGraw is no comedian, she is animated and playful for the first time in memory. Just Tell Me What You Want at AllMovie Just Tell Me What You Want at the Internet Movie Database Just Tell Me What You Want at Rotten Tomatoes Just Tell Me What You Want at Box Office Mojo

Just Tell Me What You Want
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Theatrical release poster

66.
Deathtrap (film)
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Critics gave the film mostly favorable reviews while noting its plot similarities to Caines 1972 film Sleuth. Famed playwright Sidney Bruhl debuts the latest in a series of Broadway flops and returns to his opulent Long Island home and his wife, although their financial situation is not dire, Sidney is hungry for a hit. He has received a manuscript of a play called Deathtrap written by one of his students, Clifford Anderson, Clifford recently attended one of Sidneys writing workshops and now asks for input on his play. Sidney tells Myra the best idea he has had lately is to murder Clifford and produce the play as his own, Sidney invites Clifford to their secluded home, which is decorated with weapons from his plays, to discuss the play. Myra tries desperately over the course of an evening to convince Sidney to work with Clifford as equal partners, Sidney removes the body but still has to convince Myra to conspire with him. She reveals nothing when they receive a visit from the psychic Helga Ten Dorp. Helga senses pain and death in the house, before she leaves she warns Sidney about a man in boots who will attack him, as she prepares for bed, Myra is beginning to come to terms with what Sidney has done. All is calm until Clifford bursts through the window and beats Sidney with a log. Clifford chases Myra through the house until her weak heart gives out, Sidney calmly descends the stairs, uninjured, and sidles unperturbed to Cliffords side. They exchange a few words about what to do with Myras body, the previous few hours had all been an elaborate ruse to kill Myra. The two work together at a desk, Sidney suffering from writers block but Clifford busily typing page after page of a new play that he keeps suspiciously under lock. While Clifford is out shopping, Sidney tries to break into the drawer. He waits for Clifford to retrieve his play, then switches Cliffords manuscript with a fake and he is horrified to read that Clifford is using the true story of Myras murder as the basis of an actual play called Deathtrap. He angrily confronts Clifford, who boasts about the potential and insists he will write it. Clifford offers to share the credit with Sidney, who comes to believe that Clifford is a sociopath, a few days later, Helga stops by, ostensibly for candles in anticipation of a predicted thunderstorm. Almost immediately after meeting Clifford, she warns Sidney that Clifford is the man in boots and he secures Sidney to a chair with manacles, tells him he is going to pack up and leave, and warns Sidney to not try to stop the production of the play. However Clifford is unaware the manacles are trick shackles once the property of Harry Houdini, Sidney easily releases himself, grabs a crossbow and incapacitates Clifford with a single shot. Before Sidney can dispose of the body, the hits with full force

67.
The Verdict
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The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman, Charlotte Rampling, Jack Warden, James Mason, Milo OShea and Lindsay Crouse. The film, which was directed by Sidney Lumet, was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed. It is about an alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation. The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success, the film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Best Director, Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. Frank Galvin was once a promising graduate of Boston College Law School, but he was framed for jury tampering some years back by the firms senior partner because he was going to expose their corrupt practices. The firm fired him and his marriage ended in divorce, although he retains his license to practice law, Frank has become an alcoholic ambulance chaser who has had only four cases over the last three years, all of which he has lost. As a favor, his friend and former teacher Mickey sends him a medical malpractice case in which it is all, the case involves a young woman who was given an anesthetic during childbirth, after which she choked on her own vomit and was deprived of oxygen. The young woman is now comatose and on a respirator and her sister and brother-in-law are hoping for a monetary award in order to give her proper care. Frank assures them they have a strong case, meanwhile, Frank, who is lonely, becomes romantically involved with Laura, a woman he meets at a local bar. Frank visits the woman and is deeply affected. He then meets with the bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston, everyone, including the presiding judge and the victims relatives, is stunned by Franks decision. Franks big break comes when he discovers that Kaitlin Costello, the nurse who admitted his client to the hospital, is now a teacher in New York. Frank travels there to track her down, leaving Mickey and Laura working together in Franks Boston office, Frank confronts Costello, asking, Will you help me. Meanwhile, in Boston, Mickey is looking for cigarettes in Lauras handbag and he infers that she is a mole, providing information on their legal strategy to the opposing lawyers. Mickey flies to New York to tell Frank that Laura has been betraying them and he suggests to Frank that it would be easy to get the case declared a mistrial, but Frank decides to continue. Shortly thereafter, Frank meets Laura, who has traveled to New York. In a display of cold fury, Frank strikes her in the face, Costello testifies that, shortly after the patient had become comatose, the anesthesiologist told her to change her notes on the admitting form to hide his fatal error. She had written down that the patient had had a meal only one hour before being admitted

The Verdict
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Theatrical release poster

68.
Daniel (film)
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Daniel is a 1983 British-American drama film which was adapted by E. L. Doctorow from his 1971 novel The Book of Daniel. It was directed by Sidney Lumet, the film was based on the life story of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were convicted as spies and executed by the United States government in 1953 for giving nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. This story follows their fictionalized son as he attempts to out the truth. Paul and Rochelle Isaacson are played by Mandy Patinkin and Lindsay Crouse and their son Daniel is played by Timothy Hutton, his wife Phyllis by Ellen Barkin, and their daughter Susan by Amanda Plummer. In actuality, the Rosenbergs had two sons, Michael and Robert, ed Asner and Maria Tucci also appear in the film. Daniel received mixed reviews and was not a box office success upon its limited release and it currently holds a 43% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Daniel at the Internet Movie Database Daniel at AllMovie Daniel at Rotten Tomatoes

Daniel (film)
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Theatrical release poster

69.
Garbo Talks
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Garbo Talks is a 1984 American comedy-drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Anne Bancroft, Ron Silver and Carrie Fisher, with a cameo appearance by Betty Comden as Greta Garbo. The movie was written by Larry Grusin and also stars Catherine Hicks and it also featured the final screen appearance of veteran actors Howard Da Silva and Hermione Gingold. Bancroft was nominated for a Golden Globe, Greta Garbos low, husky voice and Swedish accent was first heard on screen in Eugene ONeills Anna Christie, which was publicized with the slogan Garbo Talks. Despite many favorable reviews from critics, the film failed at the box office, Estelle Rolfes social activism and quick temper cause a lot of inconvenience for her grown son Gilbert, who often must go to a New York City jail precinct to pay her bail. Gilbert is willing to go to great lengths for his mother, though, Estelles last wish is to meet the movie star she has idolized all her life, the reclusive Greta Garbo. Lisa Rolfe sympathizes, but when husband Gilbert abandons his job to devote his days to the search for Garbo, she cant take it anymore, Estelles estranged husband, Walter, visits the hospital to say an emotional goodbye. With little time to spare, Gilbert is finally able to meet Garbo face-to-face, without a word, Garbo goes straight to Estelles hospital room for a bedside chat, where Estelle herself ends up doing all of the talking. Gilbert is at peace with how his mothers life came to an end, as he strolls with Jane in the park, she and others are startled by the sight of Garbo walking by. Even more startling to Jane is when Garbo catches a glimpse of Gilbert, roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times on the same day panned the film, awarding it one star of a possible four. Ebert wrote, Garbo Talks starts out as an idea for a movie, and when its over, its still a great idea for a movie. Garbo Talks at the Internet Movie Database Garbo Talks at Box Office Mojo Garbo Talks at Rotten Tomatoes Garbo Talks at AllMovie

Garbo Talks
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Theatrical release poster

70.
Power (1986 film)
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Power is a 1986 American drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Richard Gere. The original screenplay by David Himmelstein focuses on corruption and how power affects both those who wield it and the people they try to control. Denzel Washingtons performance in the film as public relations expert Arnold Billings earned him the 1987 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture, beatrice Straights performance as Claire Hastings, however, earned her a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actress. Pete St. Johns friend Sam Hastings and he comes into conflict with Arnold Billings, a public relations expert whose firm Cade has hired. These actions force St. Richard Gere, governor Andrea Stannard J. T. Walsh. The poster for the film is black in color, with a white bar on top that reads, in black letters. And one man can get it for you, below this is the films title, in all-capital white letters. A small human silhouette is located at the base of the W in Power, on the black field below is written, in red letters against the black, Nothing else comes close. In his extremely negative review of Power in The New York Times, Vincent Canby described the film as a well-meaning, witless, suffers from the total lack of a comic imagination. The movie builds up considerable momentum during its first hour, theres a sense of excitement, of identification with this man who is being driven by his own energy, ambition and cynicism. During the second half of the movie, however, a growing disappointment sets in and it doesnt really declare itself to be about any particular story, any single clear-cut issue. The movie itself seems to sense that its going nowhere, the climax is a pointless, frustrating montage of images. Its a good montage, but it somewhere in the middle of the movie, it states the problem. The movie seems to be asking us to walk out of the theater shaking our heads in disillusionment, list of American films of 1986 Power at the Internet Movie Database Power at Rotten Tomatoes

Power (1986 film)
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Theatrical release poster

71.
The Morning After (1986 film)
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The Morning After is a 1986 American mystery film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Jane Fonda, Jeff Bridges and Raul Julia. Fonda was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance, a washed-up, alcoholic actress, Alex Sternbergen, wakes up on Thanksgiving 1986 next to a murdered man, a sleazy photographer. She feels sick and remembers nothing from the night before and she calls her friend Jackie about what happened the night before. He informs her that she missed out on getting what could have been her best gig in a while the night before because she was drunk and she tells him about the body. He tells her to call the cops and she says that she is scared but he insists and she retorts saying ya wanna bet. She leaves the apartment, and it is implied that she has not called the police, while trying to flee at the airport, Alex encounters an ex-policeman, Turner, who believes in her innocence. Raúl Juliá plays Jackie, a hairdresser who wants to divorce her, Jane Fonda was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. The Morning After at The Internet Movie Database The Morning After at Rotten Tomatoes

The Morning After (1986 film)
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original film poster
The Morning After (1986 film)

72.
Running on Empty (1988 film)
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Running on Empty is a 1988 drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring River Phoenix, Judd Hirsch, Christine Lahti, and Martha Plimpton. It was produced by Lorimar Television and it is the story of a counterculture couple on the run from the FBI, and how one of their sons starts to break out of this fugitive lifestyle. Phoenix was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film, Phoenix was nominated for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role at the Golden Globes, Lahti was nominated for Best Performance by an Actress. The film was nominated for Best Director and Best Motion Picture, Plimpton was nominated for a Young Artist Award for Best Young Actress in a Motion Picture. In a backstage interview on March 21,1989 at the 61st Annual Academy Awards Nominees Luncheon, the film marked the second time that Phoenix and Plimpton played romantic interests, having co-starred in the film The Mosquito Coast two years earlier. The story revolves around parents Annie and Arthur Pope who in the 1970s were responsible for the anti-war protest bombing of a napalm laboratory, the incident accidentally blinded and paralyzed a janitor who wasnt supposed to be there. Theyve been on the run ever since, relying on a network of supporters who help them financially. At the time of the incident, their son Danny was two years old, as the film begins, he is in his late teens, and the family are again relocating and assuming new identities. As the film progresses, Dannys overwhelming talent as a pianist catches the attention of his teacher at school. The teacher begins to pry into Dannys personal life, particularly questioning why records from his previous school are unobtainable, while he pushes Danny to audition for Juilliard, Danny also falls in love with Lorna, the teachers teenage daughter. As the pressure to have his own life and realize his own dreams intensifies, meanwhile, Annie finds out about Dannys audition, and begins to come to terms with the fact that she must let her son go and find his own way. This does not sit well with Arthur, even as Annie risks their safety to contact her father and arrange a home. The family leaves Danny behind and heads off for their identity in a new town. Running on Empty was released on September 9,1988 in 22 theaters where it grossed $215,157 on its opening weekend and it went on to make $2.8 million in North America. Film critic Roger Ebert gave the four out of four stars. Newsweek magazines David Ansen wrote, A curious mix of opera and social history, Lumets film shouldnt work. You have to be pretty tough to resist it, the film has an 85% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Running on Empty at the Internet Movie Database Running on Empty at the TCM Movie Database Running on Empty at AllMovie Running on Empty at Rotten Tomatoes Running on Empty at Box Office Mojo

Running on Empty (1988 film)
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Theatrical release poster

73.
A Stranger Among Us
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A Stranger Among Us is a 1992 film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Melanie Griffith. It tells the story of a police officers experiences in a Hasidic community. It was entered into the 1992 Cannes Film Festival and it is often cited as one of Lumets two failures of the 1990s, the other being Guilty as Sin. Despite the poor reviews suffered by both these films, Lumet received the 1993 D. W. Griffith Award of the Directors Guild of America, the film was also the first credited role for actor James Gandolfini. Some aspects of the plot recall the 1977 murder of diamond dealer Pinchos Jaroslawicz, Emily Eden, a hardened New York City homicide detective, goes undercover to investigate the murder of a Hasidic diamond-cutter. To do so, she lives with the family of the Hasidic rebbe and he says to her, You and I have something in common, We are both intimately familiar with evil. It does something to your soul, while living with the rebbes family, she takes a liking to his son, Ariel, a young man who works as a diamond-cutter but teaches in the yeshiva and is expected to follow his father as the next rebbe. In addition to keeping all 613 Mitzvot, he is waiting for his intended, or basherte and they are the subjects of an arranged marriage, but he believes that she is his soul mate, chosen by God. He is also studying the Kabbalah, which is regarded as daring for a man under 40. Its discussion of sexual intimacy is restrained but specific, as well as a metaphor for the relationship between Man and God. This is all Emily needs to solve the case and arrest Mara as an accessory to murder, after Emily attempts to negotiate, Mara knocks her out, and Ariel shoots Mara with Emilys gun. Ariel comments that sometimes an evil deed has a good result. The film ends with the wedding of Ariel and his basherte, Shayna Singer, oliver Rena Sofer - Shayna A Stranger Among Us received negative reviews from critics. It currently holds a 23% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 39 reviews, some of the criticism of A Stranger Among Us is based on comparisons with the Academy Award-winning film Witness, which has a superficially similar plot. Similarly, Lumets earlier film Fail-Safe was unfavorably compared to Dr. Strangelove, griffiths performance in the lead role has also been heavily criticized, for which her role won her the Razzie Award for Worst Actress, while Tracy Pollan was nominated for Worst Supporting Actress. A Stranger Among Us at the Internet Movie Database A Stranger Among Us at AllMovie A Stranger Among Us at Rotten Tomatoes A Stranger Among Us at Box Office Mojo

A Stranger Among Us
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Theatrical Release Poster

74.
Guilty as Sin
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Guilty as Sin is a 1993 courtroom drama thriller film written by Larry Cohen, directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by Martin Ransohoff. It stars Rebecca De Mornay and Don Johnson, and was produced by Hollywood Pictures, jennifer Haines is an up-and-coming Chicago attorney. She wins a big case, celebrates with the man in her life, Phil Garson, into her life walks David Greenhill, who was seated in the gallery during her previous trial. Greenhill is a debonair and arrogant ladies man who accused of murdering his wealthy wife. He wants Haines to represent him, but she declines, something about him intrigues her, though, so the equally arrogant Haines has second thoughts. She tells her law firms superiors that this promises to be a trial and she wants it because. Greenhill maintains his innocence but shows signs of irrational behavior that make Haines wary of him and she assigns her longtime investigator Moe to do some digging and he begins to unearth the defendants shady past. Greenhill in the meantime starts showing up unexpectedly in Hainess social life, stalking her, Phil dislikes the guy intensely and demands Haines drop him as a client. She doesnt care for Greenhill either but resents being told what to do and she refuses to quit his case until her law partners notify her that the fee Greenhill promised remains unpaid. An unsympathetic judge tells Haines its her own fault and refuses to let her abandon her client, learning from Moe that Greenhill has a history of dating older women who usually end up dead, a horrified Haines wants to turn him in, but is bound to attorney-client privilege. She instead tries to sabotage her own case by having evidence planted at Greenhills apartment and he knows she must be behind it and takes his revenge by viciously assaulting Phil, who ends up hospitalized. Greenhills case ends in a mistrial, after the jury fails to reach a unanimous verdict, Greenhill, seemingly pleased, displays regret that he never had a chance to take the stand. He does so privately for Haines in the empty coutroom, revealing that he had been scouting her far in advance of the murder case and he confesses that he did indeed kill his wife and provides vivid details. Greenhill further tells Haines that he knows she planted the evidence and he could use this to blackmail her, but says he has come to tire of her. Haines fears the psychopathic Greenhill will now come after her and she prepares to disclose everything, even at the cost of her career. He murders Moe, knocking him out and then setting fire to his office and he then intercepts Haines at her apartment building. He casually states that between Phils beating and Moes death, she is grieving enough to commit suicide, Greenhill manages to throw Haines over a railing, but to his horror, she pulls him down with her. Greenhill is killed in the fall, Haines, cushioned by his body, is severely injured but survives

Guilty as Sin
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theatrical release poster

75.
Night Falls on Manhattan
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Night Falls on Manhattan is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet, set and filmed on location in New York City. Its screenplay is by Lumet, based on a novel by Robert Daley entitled Tainted Evidence, the film centers on a newly elected district attorney played by Andy García, who is eager to stamp out corruption within the New York City Police Department. Ian Holm, James Gandolfini, Lena Olin, Ron Leibman, a joint collective effort to commit to the films production was made by the studios of Paramount Pictures and Spelling Films. It was commercially distributed by Paramount Pictures theatrically, and by Paramount Home Entertainment for home media, Night Falls on Manhattan explores criminal law, political corruption, and the repercussions of violence. Following its cinematic release, it failed to garner any awards from mainstream organizations for its acting or production merits. Night Falls on Manhattan premiered in U. S. theaters on May 16,1997 grossing $9,889,670 in domestic ticket receipts, the film saw its widest release in 758 theaters nationwide. Preceding its theatrical run, the film was met with mixed to positive critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas. The Region 1 Code widescreen edition with special features was released on DVD in the United States on November 17,1998, detectives Liam Casey and Joey Allegretto are conducting a surveillance operation to apprehend Jordan Washington, a notorious drug dealer. On a tip from an informant, they venture into a building where Washington is presumed to be hiding, Washington preemptively fires a submachine gun through his front door, seriously wounding Casey. Backup arrives to swarm the building, but Washington executes a cunning escape in an NYPD squad car after murdering two police officers, while another officer is killed by friendly fire. Passing over the more experienced executive assistant Elihu Harrison, Morganstern deliberately picks Casey due to Harrisons expected opposition in the election for District Attorney. During the trial, Vigoda does not dispute his clients guilt, the defendant corroborates this theory by revealing that he had been bribing certain officers, including one called Kurt Kleinhoff, in return for protection while dealing drugs. Vigoda theorizes that when a dealer named Carlos Alvarez offered the officers more money, Washington refused to match it. Although inexperienced, Casey mounts a strong argument questioning Washingtons credibility, Casey wins the case, as Washington is sentenced to consecutive life terms without parole. At the celebration after the win, an associate from Vigodas legal team, Peggy Lindstrom, after Morganstern is incapacitated by a heart attack, Casey is persuaded by the mayor to run for DA. Meanwhile, Kleinhoffs decomposed body is discovered floating near a maritime dock, an address book found at the scene contains the names of several cops from precincts who responded to the Washington shooting. After several interrogations, a number of officers confess about their entanglement in the bribery, Allegretto admits he initially lied about his involvement, he accepted bribes while also plotting to murder Washington with the other corrupt officers killing the third dead officer instead. Berated as scum by Casey for his conduct and unwilling to face jail, Liam discloses to his son Sean that he and Allegretto were not legally authorized to arrest Washington due to an expired search warrant

Night Falls on Manhattan
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Theatrical release poster

76.
Critical Care (film)
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Critical Care is a 1997 film directed by Sidney Lumet. The film is a satire about American medicine, the screenplay by Steven Schwartz is based on the novel by Richard Dooling and stars James Spader, Kyra Sedgwick, Anne Bancroft, Helen Mirren, Jeffrey Wright, and Albert Brooks. Rick Baker provided special makeup effects, the film is about a doctor who finds himself involved in a fight with two half sisters over the care of their ailing father. Nurse Luscious Writer Steven Schwartz was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for best screenplay, Critical Care at the Internet Movie Database Critical Care at Box Office Mojo Critical Care at Rotten Tomatoes

Critical Care (film)
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Theatrical release poster

77.
Gloria (1999 American film)
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Gloria is a remake of the 1980 film of the same name written and directed by John Cassavetes. It was directed by Sidney Lumet and starred Sharon Stone as Gloria and it is also notable as George C. The supporting cast also includes Jeremy Northam, Cathy Moriarty-Gentile, Bonnie Bedelia, Gloria, has just gotten out of prison, where she has served three years to save her boyfriend, Kevin. During her stay in prison, she thinks about how Kevin never once visited her and she goes to Kevin and tells him that the relationship is over and that all she wants is the money he promised her for taking the rap for him. He refuses to give it to her, meanwhile, the gangs accountant has tried to give himself some protection by creating a computer disk which has the names of all those involved in the outfits criminal activities. The plan backfires, and, in trying to get the disk, one of Kevins trigger-happy henchmen kills the accountant, as well as his wife, mother-in-law, only his seven-year-old son Nicky escapes, but is quickly caught and brought to Kevins apartment. It is there that Gloria and Nickys paths cross, Gloria must decide whether or not to risk her life in order to save the boy. Sharon Stone as Gloria Jean-Luke Figueroa as Nicky Jeremy Northam as Kevin Cathy Moriarty-Gentile as Diane George C, the film was also a box office bomb grossing only $4,197,729 at the North American box office despite its $30 million budget. Gloria currently holds a 17% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 29 reviews, Gloria at the Internet Movie Database Gloria at Rotten Tomatoes Gloria at Box Office Mojo

Gloria (1999 American film)
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Theatrical release poster

78.
Strip Search (film)
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Strip Search is a drama film made for the HBO network, first aired on April 27,2004. The film explores the status of individual liberties in the aftermath of the September 11,2001 attacks, the film was directed by Sidney Lumet and written by Oz creator Tom Fontana. It stars Glenn Close, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Ken Leung, Bruno Lastra, the film was first screened at the Monaco Film Premiere with Lumet in person presenting it, in the presence of Fontana. The film is built two main parallel stories, each containing almost identical dialogues. One story line involves Linda Sykes, an American woman detained in the Peoples Republic of China, in the other storyline, Sharif Bin Said, an Arab man detained in New York City, is interrogated by two FBI agents. Both characters are graduate students detained with no evidence and interrogated about unspecified activities which may or may not be related to terrorist plots. In the course of the increasingly brutal interrogations, both Sykes and Bin Said are strip searched against their will by their interrogators and are subjected to a cavity search, in both cases the protagonists appear to have only tenuous connections with the suspected terrorist plots. The film ends with the question, Must security and safety come at the price of freedom, Strip Search at the Internet Movie Database HBO Films Home, Strip Search at the Wayback Machine Strip Search DVD on Amazon. com

Strip Search (film)
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Strip Search

79.
Find Me Guilty
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Find Me Guilty is a 2006 American courtroom comedy-drama crime film co-written and directed by Sidney Lumet, based on the true story of the longest Mafia trial in American history. A wrench is thrown into the system when DiNorscio attempts to defend himself, the film also stars Peter Dinklage, Linus Roache, Alex Rocco, and Ron Silver. Much of the testimony was taken from the original court transcripts. Its the late 1980s and low-level mobster Jackie DiNorscio has just been shot by his junkie cousin Tony Compagna, Jackie soon gets arrested and is sentenced to thirty years on an unrelated drug bust. Kierney tries to bribe Jackie to be a government witness as well and that sets in motion a massive court case where Jackie, Nick and dozens of other mobsters are tried together for a countless number of crimes in front of presiding Judge Sidney Finestein. Jackies mischievous and vulgar manner amuses the jury on occasions but persistently irritates the judge, lawyers, witnesses, as weeks turn into months, the court case evolves into a marathon affair. Jackie turns the courtroom into something of a three-ring circus, ben begins to believe that maybe Jackie could be effective, but Nick Calabrese is furious and Judge Finestein repeatedly threatens the charismatic mobster with contempt of court. Jackies estranged wife, Bella, visits him in jail, where he is becoming increasingly frustrated, guards spy on him and prosecuting attorneys remove his favorite chair, causing considerable pain to Jackies injured back. He apologizes to the court and tries to mind his manners in the end, the prosecutors and the defense return to their offices expecting the jury to deliberate for at least a week. However, the comes to a decision after only 14 hours of deliberation. The jury reaches a verdict of not guilty for all, the entire courtroom reaches pandemonium as the family celebrates. The entire family hugs the twelve members as they leave. Meanwhile, Jackie is the one bound for jail, returning there to finish his sentence. Jackie is welcomed as a hero in the facility, where fellow prisoners chant Jackie. Find Me Guilty received mostly positive reviews, review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 61% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 104 reviews, with an average score of 6/10. The critical consensus is, Find Me Guiltys excessive length and heavy-handed narrative keep it from reaching its full potential, roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars, calling Diesel a good choice for this role, bringing it sincerity without nobility. Ebert also praised the director, Lumet, who was able to see the serious dramatic potential of Vin Diesel, dismissed as an action star. The film had poor box office performance, on its first weekend