ORIGINAL_ARTICLECigarette Smoking Experience and its related Socio-demographic and Environmental Risk Factors in High School Boy Students, Shiraz- IranBackground: Several environmental and psychosocial risk factors are known for adolescent smoking as the single cause of preventable diseases and premature death. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, socio-demographic factors associated with cigarette smoking (age, education level, parents’ job, and family’s socioeconomic statues), and the role of family and friends in cigarette smoking by high school students.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, 900 high school boy students (grades 9-11) were selected through multistage random cluster sampling. They responded a researcher designed anonymous questionnaire about smoking experiences of themselves- and their friends and family members. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test and Binary logistic regression analysis were used to analysis of the data, using the SPSS version 17.0.Results: The mean age of the participants was 16.11 (1.16) years and 19.7% of the students were ever smokers. Students’ higher educational grade (P=0.001), fathers’ lower education level (P=0.03), live with one parent or people other than parents (P=0.024), father’s, siblings’, and friends’ smoking, and family members’ cigarette smoking at home (P<0.001), were significantly related to the students’ smoking experience. Indeed, having smoker siblings was the strongest predictor of smoking among the students.Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is a public health concern in all families from different socio-economic status. Special attention to orphans and children of divorce, setting rules about cigarette smoking in families, monitoring and being aware of offspring’s and their friends’ behavior can be recommended.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8147_5f4083024b757f3385b917b7c2244c1b.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204263427410.22038/ijp.2017.21122.1773adolescentEnvironmentalsmokingSocioeconomicStudent Risk FactorMasoudKarimimasoudkrm@yahoo.comtrue1PhD Candidate in Health Education And Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.PhD Candidate in Health Education And Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.PhD Candidate in Health Education And Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.AUTHORMohammad HosseinKavehkaveh@sums.ac.irtrue2Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORMohammad AliMorowatisharifabadmorowatisharif@yahoo.comtrue3Professor of Health Education, Elderly Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Professor of Health Education, Elderly Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Professor of Health Education, Elderly Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.AUTHORAliDehghaniadehghani42@gmail.comtrue4Epidemiologist, Assistant Professor, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Epidemiologist, Assistant Professor, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Epidemiologist, Assistant Professor, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.AUTHORGhasemDastjerdighasemdastgerdi@yahoo.comtrue5Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLECongenital Generalized Lipodystrophy in a Youth Presented with Sclerotic and Lytic Bone Lesions; a Family with AGPAT2 MutationBackgroundCongenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare disease. It is associated with near total fat loss, severe insulin resistance and hypoleptinemia leading to metabolic derangements.Case PresentationWe report a 25- year- old female with 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2 (APGAT2) mutation, and both sclerotic and lytic bone lesions together for the first time. Bone cyst is one of the manifestations of CGL with AGPAT2 mutation. Patients usually have sclerotic bone lesions before and lytic bone lesions after puberty. Our patient had lytic bone lesions in (femur) long bones and also sclerotic lesions in the pelvic which was related to AGPAT2 mutation.ConclusionThe young female hadacral enlargement, hepatomegaly and both sclerotic and cystic bone lesions with AGPAT2 mutation.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7849_bbe7b6e65b0f269ec19d9ed9aaf57cb4.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204275428410.22038/ijp.2016.7849AGPAT2 mutationCongenital generalized lipodystrophyCystic bone lesionsShirinHasani-Ranjbarsh_hasani@sina.tums.ac.irtrue1Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORAkbarSoltanisoltania@sina.tums.ac.irtrue2Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AUTHORMarziehHadavihanie.ejtahed@yahoo.comtrue3Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AUTHORHanieh-SadatEjtahedhaniejtahed@yahoo.comtrue4Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AUTHORMahsaMohammad-Amoliamolimm@sina.tums.ac.irtrue5Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AUTHORAmir RezaRadmardradmardar@sina.tums.ac.irtrue6Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEFlatulent Foodstuff, an Agent in the Creation of Infantile Colic: a Narrative Study based on the Traditional Iranian Medicine and Modern InvestigationColic is a common and annoying problem in infancy whose etiology is not well understood. Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) scientists know flatulent food effective in creating this disorder. Since the reduction or withdrawal of this kind of food in mother’s and infant’s nutrition can be effective in preventing flatulence, this study aims to study and identify flatulent foods and the mechanism of flatulence in traditional and modern medicine. The search was conducted using the following keywords: "flatulent", "flatulence", "colic" and "bowel sound (Gharagher)" in six pharmacopeias of Traditional Iranian Medicine.Then, the scientific name of foodstuff was determined and the materias were scored based on the repetition in one or more traditional medicine book. Finally, by searching electronic resources, etiology and the mechanism of flatulence were evaluated for some of these materias. A total of 90 flatulent materias were found. Apples, cucumbers, pears, wheat, turnips and rice are the most flatulent plant materias. Etiology of flatulence in modern medicine is the gas production caused by the fermentation of the remaining food and carbohydrates by colon bacteria while in traditional medicine texts, flatulence occurs due to dysfunction in digestion performance which may be due to the type of the food.As a conclusion, almost all foods that were introduced as flatulent in traditional medicine are known as flatulence generators in modern medicine resources, as well. Identification of these foods can help to reduce infantile colic.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8038_b774784ec5627e24a56ed78cac002666.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204285429310.22038/ijp.2016.20718.1733Infantile ColicFlatulenceFlatulentTraditional Iranian MedicineMedicinal plantsMaryamMohammadian Dameskimohammadianm943@mums.ac.irtrue1PhD Student, Students Research Committee, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.PhD Student, Students Research Committee, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.PhD Student, Students Research Committee, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.AUTHORMohammadrezaMehrimehrimr1@mums.ac.irtrue2PhD Student, Students Research Committee, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.PhD Student, Students Research Committee, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.PhD Student, Students Research Committee, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.AUTHORZohreFeyzabadifeyzabadiz@mums.ac.irtrue3Assistant Professor of Persian Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Assistant Professor of Persian Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Assistant Professor of Persian Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe Effectiveness of Mindful Parenting, Social Thinking and Exercise on Quality of Life in ADHD ChildrenBackgroundQuality of life (QOL), is the most important goal of treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting, social thinking and exercise on quality of life in ADHD children.Materials and MethodsAn experimental design was used. Samples consist of 60 students 8-12 years with the DSM-5 classification ADHD that were engaging in education in 2015-2016 in Abadan, Iran. 60 children according to criteria inclusion were randomly placed in 4 groups: mindful parenting (17 mothers of ADHD children), social thinking (n=15), exercise (n=13), and control group (n=15). Measure tools consist of Conner’s Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Pediatric quality of life (pedQOL) questionnaire. Interventions were: mindful parenting (9-session), social thinking (8 sessions) and exercise (8-session).ResultsThe results showed significant change in QOL of experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Post-hoc pairwise comparison indicated that there were significant change in QOL scores between mindful parenting group and social thinking group (P<0.05) and mindful parenting had more effect. Difference between social thinking group and exercise group was significant (P<0.05).ConclusionConsidering the effective role of mindful parenting and exercise in improving QOL, can be told mindful parenting intervention and exercise can be applied in clinical field, particularly for improving ADHD children's QOL.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7900_572d623b3818098f82906cba420e8eb5.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204295430210.22038/ijp.2016.7900ADHDChildrenMindful ParentingSocial thinkingQuality of lifeParisaDehkordianpdehkordy@yahoo.comtrue1Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.AUTHORNajmehHamiddr_najmehhamid@yahoo.comtrue2Associated Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Associated Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Associated Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.AUTHORKumarsBeshlidehk.beshlideh@scu.ac.irtrue3Associated professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Associated professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Associated professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORMahnazMehrabizade honarmandm_mehrabizadeh@yahoo.comtrue4Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEHypophosphatemia Dependent Rickets with Failure to Thrive (FTT) in a 4- Years Old Child: a Case ReportBackgroundRickets is a disorder due to impaired metabolism of bone mineralization which caused by low concentrations of extra-cellular calcium or phosphate. In children, hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) happen malabsorption of phosphate and increasing of renal tubular loss.Case Presentation We present the case of a 4-year-old girl who had medical history of HR with failure to thrive (FTT). Child hospitalized several times due to osteomalacia and leg fractures. In physical examinations, there were obvious signs of rickets such as bow legs and hands, deviations of the wrist and chest pigeon. The results of blood tests showed low level of Phosphorus; but the level of calcium was normal. Radiography showed deformity of wrists and hands. ConclusionHR should be considered as one of the childhood disorders which impairs metabolism of bone mineralization and cause osteomalacia and bones fractures. If HR undiagnosed and remedies poor during childhood, in older ages would reveal automatic fractures and mineralization defects.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7968_e2d0ba9eee4cd92dc6a0e9cb29e5c276.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204303430810.22038/ijp.2016.7968childhypophosphatemiaHypophosphatemic ricketsFTTFereshtehGhaljaeighaljaei_f@yahoo.comtrue1Ph.D, Assistance professor of science, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranPh.D, Assistance professor of science, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranPh.D, Assistance professor of science, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranAUTHORHamidehGoligoli.msc2012@yahoo.comtrue2MSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranMSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranMSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranAUTHORAliaJalalodinia_jalalodini@yahoo.comtrue3MSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranMSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranMSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranLEAD_AUTHORNasrinMahmoodimahmdedi.088@gmail.comtrue4MSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranMSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranMSc. in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR IranAUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe Prevalence of Transient and Permanent Congenital Hypothyroidism in Infants of Kurdistan Province, Iran (2006-2014)Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine diseases and one of the major causes of preventable mental retardation. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism in Kurdistan province, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all registered congenital hypothyroidism neonate of health centers of cities covered by Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences during 2006 to 2014 entered to study. Demographic and laboratory information of CH neonates was collected and entered into the Stata-12 and was analyzed using student t-test and Chi-square statistic and P- value less than 0.05 was considered.Results: Overall incidence rate during 2006 to 2014 for province was 1.8, 2.3, 3.2, 4.3, 3.3, 4.0, 3.6, 4.6 and 2.7, respectively per 1000 neonates in this period. The number of diagnosed patients was 855 cases including 519 (60.7%) boys and 336 (39.3%) girls who 516 (60.4%) cases were from urban areas. Of the total patients, 202 (22.6%) were permanent. There was no significant difference between gender, location, type of childbirth, and season of birth with transient and permanent types of disease (P˃0.05); while, there was a significant statistical relationship between consanguineous marriages and congenital hypothyroidism (P<0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Kurdistan province is significantly higher than the global and country levels that emphasize the continuation and reinforcement of screening program of infants. Therefore, complementary studies are research priorities of the health system in Kurdistan province in order to clarify the environmental and genetic factors related.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7902_91b56bb294e9ea60e13bfa5455a0d3ad.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204309431810.22038/ijp.2016.7902Congenital hypothyroidismHypothyroidismNeonateIranZaherkhazaeizaherkhazaei@yahoo.comtrue1Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.AUTHORElhamGoodarzi3. elhamgoodarzi.1370@yahoo.comtrue2Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.AUTHOREbrahimGhaderi9. ebrahimghaderi@yahoo.comtrue3Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.AUTHORSalmanKhazaeisalman.khazaei61@gmail.comtrue4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AUTHORAlirezaAlikhanis_khazaeii@yahoo.comtrue5Deputy of Medical Education Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Deputy of Medical Education Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Deputy of Medical Education Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.AUTHORSaeeidGhavighavi333@yahoo.comtrue6Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.AUTHORKamyarMansorikamyarmansori@yahoo.comtrue7Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.AUTHORErfanAyubi10. aubi65@gmail.comtrue8PhD Candidate of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.PhD Candidate of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.PhD Candidate of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AUTHORBehzadGholamalieebehzad.gh@yahoo.comtrue9Msc in Health Education, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Msc in Health Education, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Msc in Health Education, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.AUTHORRezaBeiranvandbeiranvandreza@yahoo.comtrue10MSc Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.MSc Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.MSc Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.AUTHORSeyedeh LeilaDehghanidehghanil@yahoo.comtrue11Department of Public Health, Behbahan Faculty of Medical sciences, Behbahan, Iran.Department of Public Health, Behbahan Faculty of Medical sciences, Behbahan, Iran.Department of Public Health, Behbahan Faculty of Medical sciences, Behbahan, Iran.AUTHORNahidGhotbighotbi63@gmail.comtrue12Associate Professor, Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.Associate Professor, Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.Associate Professor, Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.AUTHORSairanNilinele_sayran@yahoo.comtrue13PhD Student of Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.PhD Student of Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.PhD Student of Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe Effect of Health Promoting Schools Programs in Improving the Health Status of Schools in Urmia, North West of IranBackground: Investing in the health of children in learning situation is one of the most important health interventions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of health promoting schools in improving the health status of schools in Urmia, North West of Iran.Methods and materials: This interventional study was conducted on 155 schools executing the health promoting schools program that were included by census. Data collection instrument was standard checklist of health promoting schools approved by Ministry of health and Ministry of education. Data were collected in two-stage before and after intervention during 12 months. Data were analyzed using the software SPSS 16.0 and descriptive statistics and Paired t- test were used.Results: There were 217 schools in Urmia in primary, Middle and High school. A total of 155 schools surveyed in the study, 77 schools (49.7%) were primary school, 68 schools (43.9%) junior schools, and 10 schools (6.5%) were high school. Mean score of rates was 59.35 + 13.22 before the intervention and 63.94 + 12.1 after intervention and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, the rates of nine dimensions before and after the intervention increased excluding the two dimensions of clinical services and mental health services and counseling and these findings were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that health promoting schools program was effective in improving schools in terms of health promotion. It is recommended that families, organizations, and policy makers to be involved in the implementation of this program.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8001_878482a4f122d966e84012a42573c67a.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204319432710.22038/ijp.2016.8001Health promotionIranSchoolsStudentsMoradaliZareipourz.morad@yahoo.comtrue1PhD Student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.PhD Student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.PhD Student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.AUTHORAliSadaghianifarm.ghelichi1368@gmail.comtrue2Doctor of Medicine, MPH, and Responsible of Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Doctor of Medicine, MPH, and Responsible of Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Doctor of Medicine, MPH, and Responsible of Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.AUTHORRohollahValizadehrohvali4@gmail.comtrue3MSc Student of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.MSc Student of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.MSc Student of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.AUTHORMahinAlinejadmahin.alinejad@yahoo.comtrue4Master of Health Education, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, Iran.Master of Health Education, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, Iran.Master of Health Education, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, Iran.AUTHORSiminNooraniz.morad59@gmail.comtrue5Bachelor of Public Health, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Bachelor of Public Health, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Bachelor of Public Health, Health Center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.AUTHORMousaGhelichi ghojoghmghelichi2000@yahoo.comtrue6Graduate of Epidemiology, Health center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Graduate of Epidemiology, Health center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Graduate of Epidemiology, Health center of Urmia, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe Exploration of Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care in Pediatric Setting: a Qualitative StudyBackground: One of the essential aspects of the provision of care is cultural issues. Cultural sensitivity is the key for cultural care. The aim of this study was to explore culturally sensitive care in pediatric nursing care in Iran.Materials and Methods: This study was a conventional content analysis. Participants were consisted of 25 nurses and 9 parents selected through purposive sampling from three pediatric referral centers in Tabriz and Tehran, Iran. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and field notes and were concurrently analyzed by using Graneheim and Lundman (2004) method. Data was transcribed verbatim, words, sentences, and phrases were considered meaning units, abstracted, labeled and compared for developing categories.Results: Culturally sensitive care of a sick child was consisted of three themes: ‘cultural exposure’, ‘intercultural communication’ and ‘the reconciliation of cultural conflict in families/care’. During the ‘cultural exposure’ nurses were informed of the cultural manifestations, strived to identify and understand patients/families with cultural diversities and respect their cultural beliefs. The nurse used the native language in ‘intercultural communication’ or a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication methods to reach a common understanding. Finally, a nurse in the conflict between the culture of child/family and care took actions for making decisions to develop a compliance between care and the family culture and amended parents’ harmful desires through negotiation and appropriate care.Conclusion: Understanding the concept of culturally sensitive care, can help with resolving the problems of cultural exchanges in Pediatric wards. Providing cultural facilities and interpreters to communicate with patients/family increase their satisfaction.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7975_8a64cf3634fc4493e82d392accb15335.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204329434110.22038/ijp.2016.7975childCultural diversityCulturally sensitive careNursesQualitative researchLeilaValizadehvalizadehl@tbzmed.ac.irtrue1Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.AUTHORVahidZamanzadehzamanzadeh@tbzmed.ac.irtrue2Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.AUTHORAkramGhahramanianghahramaniana@gmail.comtrue3Assistant Professor Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Assistant Professor Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Assistant Professor Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.AUTHORParvanehAghajarip.aghajari@gmail.comtrue4Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEProper Consumption of Sugary Drinks and its Association with Adolescent Girls’ Knowledge and SkillBackground: Changes in the nutritional behaviors from consumption of traditional nutriments to intakes of high energy, concerned in powering the increasing problem in adolescents and children's obesity. The current study intended to evaluate Proper consumption of sugary drinks and its association with adolescent girls’ knowledge and skill in Shahr-e-kord city, Iran.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on girl's students in Shahr-e-kord city. Using random sampling method and based on sampling size formula, a total of 308 of the girls students were randomly selected from the schools and were registered into the study. Then they received a research-made questionnaire containing questions about the knowledge, skill and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 by ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The mean age of the participating adolescent girls was 13.86 ± 1.3 years old. The mean score for knowledge was 36.53 ± 21.87 and the mean score for the skill of preparing and consumption of sugar free drinks was 35.77 ± 24.67. The average amount of daily consumption of sugary drinks among studied adolescent girls was 2.95 glasses.There was a direct significant association between students’ knowledge and skill (P = 0.002, r = 0.182), There was also a significant reverse association between adolescents’ skill(P = 0. 006 r = -0.228) and knowledge (P = 0. 05 r = -0.322) with consumption of sugary drinks.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, to increase the consumption of valuable foods and improving adolescents’ nutritional habits, more attention should be paid to the health education and promotion and by using effective relevant patterns and theories.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8044_2473addbc02be6bbaa40c70d989dc430.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204343435110.22038/ijp.2016.20849.1747adolescentBehaviorKnowledgeskillAliRamezankhaniamirizadeh.b@gmail.comtrue1Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranProfessor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranProfessor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAUTHORElaheTavassolitavassoli.eb@gmail.comtrue2Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORAkbarBabaei Heydarabadibabaeinmz2056@gmail.comtrue3Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranAUTHORMahnoushReisireisi_mr@yahoo.comtrue4Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranAUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEComparison of Body Image and its Relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in High School Students of Ahvaz, IranBackgroundIt is not clearly specified that which of the components of body mass index (BMI) affect body image and which of them do not. Given that having information in this regard is of special importance as a basis for future planning for adolescents, the present research aimed to compare body image in female and male adolescents and study its relationship with body mass index in high school students of Ahwaz, Khuzestan Province in the academic year 2015-2016.Materials and MethodsIn this descriptive-analytic study, 200 high school students were selected as the sample using the random cluster sampling method. The required data were collected using demographic questionnaire, anthropometric data checklist (height and weight), and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). All descriptive and inferential statistics tests were performed using SPSS-17 at a confidence level of 95%.Results: The students ranged from 15 to 18 years old. Equal distribution was employed among all four grades of high school. Body mass index (BMI) in male students showed a significant inverse relationship only with appearance orientation (P<0.05, r = -0.238) and body image (P<0.05, r = -0.200). In female high school students, BMI was scientifically related to appearance evaluation (P<0.05, r = -0.354), appearance orientation (P<0.05, r = -0.219), body areas satisfaction (P<0.05, r = -0.257), and body image (P<0.05, r = -0.286). Body Image was significantly greater in female than the male students by controlling BMI.Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are considered important factors affecting the physical and mental health, including satisfaction with body image, among adolescent girls. Women’s extreme attention to their body leaves a negative impact on their attitude toward their body and body value. Therefore, promotion of a healthy body image should be integrated across all interventions aimed to address obesity and other health-related concerns among adolescents.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7627_3c12c0f1d954422e782df3256a5a3a48.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204353436010.22038/ijp.2016.7627adolescentbody imageBody Mass IndexStudentsMahsaBehdarvandimahsa_behdarvandi@yahoo.comtrue1Department of Nursing, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.Department of Nursing, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.Department of Nursing, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.AUTHORMehrdadAzarbarzinazar_barzin@yahoo.comtrue2Nursing and Midwifery Science Development Research Center, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.Nursing and Midwifery Science Development Research Center, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.Nursing and Midwifery Science Development Research Center, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORShahramBarazshahrambaraz@ajums.ac.irtrue3Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEEffects of a Nutrition Education Intervention Designed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on Reducing the Consumption of Unhealthy Snacks in the Sixth Grade Primary School GirlsBackgroundMalnutrition can threaten mental and physical development of children while healthy nutrition can improve mental and physical status of children. To select the best foods, children need nutrition education. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition education on reducing the consumption of unhealthy snacks in female primary school students in Qom- Iran.Materials and MethodsThis interventional study was conducted on 88 students in intervention and control groups who were selected via multistage random sampling method. The data was collected using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire which was designed based on the health belief model (HBM). First four training sessions were held for the intervention group; two months later, data were collected again from both groups of students (intervention and control group). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 16.0 using descriptive statistics and independent and paired t-test.ResultsThe mean score of knowledge and performance of the intervention group, were 96.12 and 18.61 before the intervention which changed to 110.00 and 68.22 after the intervention. The results showed that before the intervention there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean scores of knowledge, and the constructs of the health belief model (P>0.05). After the intervention, the scores of all variables and the behavior of unhealthy snacks consumption were significantly increased in the intervention group (P<0.05).Conclusion This study showed that the nutrition education program (designed based on the HBM) was effective in reducing the consumption of unhealthy snacks as it increased the scores of the Health Belief Model constructs and decreased the score of perceived barriers.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7567_4d9b3c97dafb10bab25d707a1d89a466.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204361437010.22038/ijp.2016.7567Health Belief ModelIranStudentsUnhealthy snacksAzamFathifathiazam44@yahoo.comtrue1MS Students in Health Education and Promotion, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.MS Students in Health Education and Promotion, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.MS Students in Health Education and Promotion, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.AUTHORGholamrezaSharifiradsharifirad@hlth.mui.ac.irtrue2Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.AUTHORZabihollahGharlipourgharlipour@yahoo.comtrue3Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.AUTHORJavadHakimelahitrue4Assistant Professor of Pediatric Diseases, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Assistant Professor of Pediatric Diseases, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Assistant Professor of Pediatric Diseases, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.AUTHORSiamakMohebimohebisiamak@yahoo.comtrue5Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEEffect of Intensive Phototherapy and Exchange Transfusion on Copper, Zinc and Magnesium Serum Levels in Neonates with Indirect HyperbilirubinemiaBackgroundMany studies reported that copper, zinc and magnesium play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Exchange transfusion and intensive phototherapy are known two modalities of therapy for severe neonatal hyper bilirubinemia, but the effect of them on those trace elements is unknown.Materials and MethodsCopper, Zinc and Magnesium serum levels were measured before and after treatment with intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusion in full term neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Minia and Sohag University hospitals, Egypt, during 2014-2016 and comparison with normal healthy neonates was done.ResultsThere were significant higher copper and magnesium and lower zinc serum levels in neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia than controls before and after intensive phototherapy. These levels were significantly changed after exchange transfusion to be comparable with controls. Significant positive correlations between the total bilirubin levels and hemoglobin, copper, and magnesium serum levels and significant negative correlations with serum zinc levels were present. There were no significant correlations between maternal and neonatal copper, zinc or magnesium serum levels.ConclusionNeonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia had significant higher copper and magnesium and lower zinc serum levels than healthy neonates which were not related to their maternal serum levels. Intensive phototherapy had no effect on their levels while exchange transfusion changed these levels to be comparable with that of normal healthy neonates.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8213_0ab867686078923f9e6e136a43fb62ed.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204371438310.22038/ijp.2017.20566.1716CopperHyperbilirubinemiamagnesiumNeonatesPhototherapyZincAbdel-AzeemEl-Mazaryabdelazeemhemed@gmail.comtrue1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.LEAD_AUTHORReemAbdel Azizreemabdelsalam3@gmail.comtrue2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.AUTHORMadihaSayedmadiali445@gmail.comtrue3Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.AUTHORRamadanMahmoudramadan.aboelhassan@yahoo.comtrue4Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.AUTHORAhmedSaediiahmedfadeel@yahoo.comtrue5Department of Clinical-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.Department of Clinical-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.Department of Clinical-Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe Effect of Education-Modified of Asthma Stimulants on Attitude of the Adolescents with Asthma in Respiratory Specialty Clinics of Tabriz, North West of IranBackground: Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood and adolescents worldwide that can result in variable restriction in the physical, emotional and social aspects of the patient’s life.The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of asthma stimulants modifying education program on the attitude of adolescents with asthma.Materials and Methods: This study was based on pretest-posttest control group design. A sample of 60 adolescents from 12 to 18 years of age participated in the study. Groups were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups. Measurement of child’s attitude toward illness scale (Austin and Huberty,1993) was collected prior to intervention and five weeks post intervention in both groups. The intervention group received the asthma stimulants education program and followed up by telephone. Data Analysis was conducted with SPSS 13.0. Descriptive analysis (i.e. Chi-square and t-tests) were used.Results: The difference in scores of pre and post changes of the child’s attitude toward illness between the two groups showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The changes resulted from the education-modification intervention of asthma triggers, was significant (P˂0.001), and the mean difference of changes in the two groups was 1.87.Conclusion: This type of educational intervention to adjust stimulants has the potential to improve the attitude toward illness in adolescents with asthma. Promoted attitude by educating adolescents about modifying asthma triggers can empower them to control the disease and reduce the participation of parents.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7657_5bd8c6e72e511a85d12c051e4a555227.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204385439310.22038/ijp.2016.7657adolescentAsthma stimulantattitudeeducationHengamehKhajavikiahkhajavikia@yahoo.comtrue1Master of Science in Medico- Surgical Nursing, Department of Nursing, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranMaster of Science in Medico- Surgical Nursing, Department of Nursing, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranMaster of Science in Medico- Surgical Nursing, Department of Nursing, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranLEAD_AUTHORLeilaValizadehvalizadehl@tbzmed.ac.irtrue2PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranPhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranPhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranAUTHORSoheilaZareizareisoheila68@yahoo.comtrue3Master of Science in Pediatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranMaster of Science in Pediatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranMaster of Science in Pediatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranAUTHORNematBilanbilannemat@yahoo.co.uktrue4Professor of Pedaitric Polmonology, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tabriz Children&rsquo;s Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranProfessor of Pedaitric Polmonology, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tabriz Children&rsquo;s Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranProfessor of Pedaitric Polmonology, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tabriz Children&rsquo;s Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranAUTHORNegarTaleschian-Tabrizin.t.tabrizi@gmail.comtrue5Medical Student, Students&rsquo; Research Committee, Iranian Evidence Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranMedical Student, Students&rsquo; Research Committee, Iranian Evidence Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranMedical Student, Students&rsquo; Research Committee, Iranian Evidence Based Medicine Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranAUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEPotentially Preventable Number of Cases and Deaths Associated with Pneumococcal Diseases and Haemophilus Influenzae in Iran during (2010-2013)Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis in children under 5-year of age. This study aims to estimate potentially preventable number of cases and deaths caused by Hib and pneumococcal in Iran.Materials and Methods:We used the burden of diseases model estimates of the World Health Organization (WHO) to calculate the number of cases and deaths caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in children less than 5 years old. Efficacy of Hib and pneumococcal vaccine was obtained from literature. Vaccine coverage was cited of published report from Ministry of Health and Medical Education Iran (National Committee on Immunization). Hib and Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases burden was obtained from the WHO global burden of disease project.Results: We found that the number of potentially preventable cases and deaths from meningitis caused by Hib among under five years old children in 2013 were 5,414 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2838, 11630), and 61 (95% CI: 31, 93), respectively. Estimated number of Streptococcus pneumoniae related pneumonia cases in 2010 and 2013 were 37,732 (95% CI: 22,183, 58,334), and 30,728 (95% CI: 17,023, 50,412), respectively. The corresponding values for pneumonia related deaths from Streptococcus pneumonia were 438 (95% CI: 257, 677), in 2010 and 356 (95% CI: 197, 586), in 2013.Conclusions: Findings favor the effects of both Hib and Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in reducing the burden of disease and death in Iran. Policy makers are advised to introduce PCV to National immunization program.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7752_e45cd489115df0662f359b555283d347.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204395440510.22038/ijp.2016.7752ChildrenIranHaemophilus influenzae type bImmunizationStreptococcus pneumoniaeManoochehrKaramiman.karami2015@gmail.comtrue1Modeling of Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Modeling of Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Modeling of Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.AUTHORBahramHaghighima.karami@umsha.ac.irtrue2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORAlirezaSoltanianarsoltanian@yahoo.comtrue3Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.AUTHORArdashirKhosraviardeshir.khosravi@gmail.comtrue4Ministry of Health and Medical Education, cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Ministry of Health and Medical Education, cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Ministry of Health and Medical Education, cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEClinical Pharmacokinetics of Amikacin in NeonatesAmikacin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside. Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. The antibacterial spectrum of amikacin is the broadest of aminoglycosides. Because of its resistance to many of the aminoglycosides-inactivating enzymes, it has a special role in hospitals where gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant microorganisms are prevalent. Amikacin is active against the majority of aerobic gram-negative bacilli in the community and in the hospitals. This includes most strains of Serratia, Proteus, Enterobacter, and Escherichia coli that are resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin. Amikacin is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (99% of strains are inhibited by 4 µg/ml amikacin), including streptomycin-resistant strains atypical mycobacteria. The gastrointestinal absorption of amikacin is minimal and is largely excreted through the renal glomerulus. In neonates, the dose of amikacin is 15 mg/kg. In the first week of life, a loading dose of 10 mg/kg followed by a maintenance regimen of 7.5 mg/kg has been suggested. After the first week of life, the corresponding doses are 17 mg/kg (loading dose) and 15 mg/kg (maintenance dose). The peak and trough doses of amikacin should be 20-30 µg/ml andhttp://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8253_0a5463da0341231f0303d17f40d2c0f9.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204407442810.22038/ijp.2017.21706.1815AmikacinEffectsNeonatePharmacokineticsGian MariaPacificipacificigm@tiscali.ittrue1via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.LEAD_AUTHORGiovannaMarchinitrue2Via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.Via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.Via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEThe Maternal Experiences of Child Care with Fever: a Qualitative StudyBackgroundOne of the most common symptoms of diseases in infancy period is fever, and the concerns occurred could lead to encouraging parents to control fever as soon as possible. This study has been conducted to explore experiences of mothers caring children with fever.Materials and MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. The data were collected through 14 unstructured individual interviews with a purposive sampling among the mothers having children with fever admitted to pediatric ward of Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd-Iran. Data analysis was performed on a continuous and consistent comparisons basis.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of variables of mothers’ age (year), length of hospitalization of children (day), and age of children with fever (year) were 5.17 ± 28.25, 2.7 ± 4.2, and 2.3 ± 1.7, respectively. The experiences of participants were revealed in three themes of "concern penetration", "in search of fever control", and "discomfort".ConclusionSince the occurrence of fever is associated with concerns of parents and self-medication to control fever and discomfort of mothers, it is essential for the health care providers to design and implement the appropriate family-centered interventions to improve awareness and the performance of parents.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8225_0cb42ca90940efb7c03b835a4f5791fb.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204429443710.22038/ijp.2017.21615.1807childExperienceFeverIranMotherQualitative researchBahareFallah Taftibaharefallah@gmail.comtrue1MSc, Department of Meybod Nursing, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.MSc, Department of Meybod Nursing, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.MSc, Department of Meybod Nursing, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.AUTHORNaiireSalmanin.salmani@sbmu.ac.irtrue2Assistant Professor, Faculty of Department of Meybod Nursing, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Assistant Professor, Faculty of Department of Meybod Nursing, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Assistant Professor, Faculty of Department of Meybod Nursing, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORSaraAfsharimahadiat@yahoo.comtrue3MSc, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.MSc, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.MSc, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.AUTHORORIGINAL_ARTICLEAssociated Factors of Milk Consumption among Students: Using Health Belief Model (HBM)BackgroundAmong various food products, milk and dairy products are among the most basic nutrient foods. The consumption of milk and dairy products in Iran is much lower than the global rate of per capita consumption. This study used Health Belief Model to determine associated factors of milk consumption among 7-9th students.Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on seventh to ninth grade students in the city of Qom. Using multistage cluster sampling method, a total of 390 students were enrolled onto the study. In order to collect data in this study, we used a researcher made questionnaire which was designed based on health belief model. Using SPSS version 20.0 software, the collected data was analyzed via descriptive statistics and independent t-test and Chi-square test.ResultsOf all the participants, 41% consumed milk daily and 59% did not consume milk. The perceived benefits (P=0.007), perceived barriers (P< 0.001), perceived self-efficacy (P<0.001) had statistically significant relationships with daily milk consumption. Accordingly, the scores of perceived benefits and perceived self-efficacy for milk consumption among students who consumed milk daily were higher than those in students who did not consume milk daily.ConclusionThe daily milk consumption associated with perceived benefits, perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, there is a need to utilize educational programs based on health belief model for increasing of milk consumption.http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7901_29949312d90e7d335faa70c021a61688.pdf2017-02-01T11:23:202018-02-22T11:23:204439444810.22038/ijp.2016.7901Health Belief ModelIranMilk consumptionStudentsZahraHosseinihosseinishirin@ymail.comtrue1Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.AUTHORZabihollahGharlipourgharlipourz@yahoo.comtrue2Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.LEAD_AUTHORSiamakMohebimohebisiamak@yahoo.comtrue3Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.AUTHORGholamrezaSharifiradsharifirad@hlth.mui.ac.irtrue4Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran.3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran.3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran.3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.AUTHORAbolfazlMohammadbeigibeigi@gmail.comtrue5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.AUTHORZohrehKazazlookazazloo@yahoo.comtrue6Health Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Health Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Health Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.AUTHOR