[[Image:Men of Northern Rhovanion.jpg|thumb|''Men of Northern Rhovanion'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]

'''Northmen''' were [[Men]] that lived in the north of [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] in [[Middle-earth]], and were friendly to [[Gondor]].

'''Northmen''' were [[Men]] that lived in the north of [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] in [[Middle-earth]], and were friendly to [[Gondor]].

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The Northmen who dwellt in [[Greenwood the Great]] and other parts of [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] were friendly to the [[Dúnedain]] and were after the Dúnedain the most noble Men on [[Arda]], counted as [[Middle Men]] by the Dúnedain, and believed to have been descended from the same group of Men as the [[Edain]], the [[Atanatári]]. The only difference was that they didn't cross the [[Ered Luin]] into [[Beleriand]] and therefore didn't go to [[Númenor]]. The result of them not participating in the War against [[Morgoth]] was their considerably shorter lifespan if compared to the lifespan of the Dúnedain, whose lifespan was enhanced by the [[Valar]] after the [[War of Wrath]].

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The Northmen who dwellt in [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] and other parts of [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] were friendly to the [[Dúnedain]] and were after the Dúnedain the most noble Men on [[Arda]], counted as [[Middle Men]] by the Dúnedain, and believed to have been descended from the same group of Men as the [[Edain]], the [[Atanatári]]. The only difference was that they didn't cross the [[Ered Luin]] into [[Beleriand]] and therefore didn't go to [[Númenor]]. The result of them not participating in the War against [[Morgoth]] was their considerably shorter lifespan if compared to the lifespan of the Dúnedain, whose lifespan was enhanced by the [[Valar]] after the [[War of Wrath]].

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The Men of [[Dale]] and [[Esgaroth]] were also counted under the Northmen, as were the woodsmen of Mirkwood. Most of Rhovanion had been depopulated after the wars of the Easterlings and the Great Plague.

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The [[Men of Dale]] and [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] were also counted under the Northmen, as were the [[Woodmen|woodsmen of Mirkwood]]. Most of Rhovanion had been depopulated after the wars of the Easterlings and the Great Plague.

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==History==

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===Origins===

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The Northmen descended from the group of the [[Edain]] who left their kin to reach the West, being always at war with the [[Men of Darkness]].<ref name="DM">{{PM|X}}</ref> Somewhere in northern [[Rhûn]], they had met the [[Dwarves]]<ref>{{WJ|13}}</ref>

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==Origins==

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There they were divided in two folks (who would later become [[House of Bëor]] and [[House of Hador|House of Marach]]) at NE of the [[Sea of Rhûn]] where they dwelt in the woods. The ancestors of the Hadorians dwelt in the north-east of the Sea, in the woods that there came near to the shores. The ancestors of the Beorians had reached the feet of the high hills to the south-west. Because of that distance, they both developed a craft of boat-building but met seldomly<ref>{{PM|XII}}</ref>.

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The Northmen descended from the group of the [[Edain]] who left their kin to reach the West. However these people decided to stay behind. These were divided in two folks (who would later become [[House of Bëor]] and [[House of Hador|House of Marach]]) at the shores of the [[Sea of Rhûn]]. The Greater Folk dwelt in the north-east of the Sea, in the woods that there came near to the shores and the Lesser had reached the feet of the high hills to the south-west. Because of that distance, the Greater House developed a craft of boat-building<ref>[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]], [[The Problem of Ros]]</ref>.

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When they continued their trail, many sub-tribes of both peoples stayed behind, and when the shrinking teams (now led by [[Bëor]] and [[Marach]]) reached [[Beleriand]], those who stayed behind occupied many parts of northern [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]]<ref>[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]], [[Of Dwarves and Men]]</ref>. These appear to be akin to the House of Hador<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|8}}</ref>.

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The ancestors of the Beorians had been mingling with Men of other kinds and their dialect of [[Taliska]] seemed to the rest to contain alien elements.<ref name="DM"/>

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Not much is known about the forefathers of the Northmen during the [[Second Age]] other than [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] fell under the dominion of [[Sauron]] before liberated from [[Gil-galad]].

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The ancestors of the Beorians fled first and the ancestors of the Hadorians learned that only afterwards and followed on their trail through the [[Misty Mountains]] in the North (close to the dreadful [[Iron Mountains]]). Many sub-tribes of both peoples stayed behind, and when the shrinking teams (now led by [[Bëor]] and [[Marach]]) reached [[Beleriand]], those who stayed behind occupied many parts of [[Eriador]] and northern [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]]<ref name="DM"/>. These (known as [[Middle Men]]) appear to be akin to the House of Hador<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|8}}</ref>

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==History==

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Not much is known about the forefathers of the Northmen during the [[Second Age]] other than that [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] fell under the dominion of [[Sauron]] before being liberated by [[Gil-galad]].

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They were important allies of Gondor and served as a buffer against the [[Easterlings]], and in the Army of Gondor. For this reason they were given land east and south of the Wood around [[Third Age 1000]]

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===Third Age===

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They were important allies of Gondor and served as a buffer against the [[Easterlings]], and in the Army of Gondor. For this reason they were given land east and south of the Wood around {{TA|1000}}.<ref name=Foster>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 293-4</ref>

For a time many of them even became subjects of Gondor, as the realm extended beyond the river [[Anduin]].

For a time many of them even became subjects of Gondor, as the realm extended beyond the river [[Anduin]].

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East of Greenwood the Great was the [[Rhovanion (Realm)|kingdom of Rhovanion]], and this became the most important nation of the Northmen. In the fourteenth century of the [[Third Age]], King [[Rómendacil II]] of Gondor ensured their loyalty by crushing the Easterlings in [[Third Age 1248]] and many Northmen joined the army of Gondor; he sent his son [[Valacar]] as an ambassador to [[Vidugavia]], the so-called "King of Rhovanion". Valacar loved Rhovanion and the daughter of the King, [[Vidumavi]]. He married her. and she bore him a son whom she called ''[[Vinitharya]]'' in her mother tongue. In Gondor Vinitharya became known as King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] and caused a civil war, the [[Kin-strife]] because of his mixed Dúnadan/Northmen blood in [[Third Age 1447]].

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East of Greenwood the Great was the [[Rhovanion (Realm)|kingdom of Rhovanion]], and this became the most important nation of the Northmen. In the fourteenth century of the [[Third Age]], King [[Rómendacil II]] of Gondor ensured their loyalty by crushing the Easterlings in {{TA|1248}} and many Northmen joined the army of Gondor<ref name=Foster/>; he sent his son [[Valacar]] as an ambassador to [[Vidugavia]], the so-called "King of Rhovanion". Valacar loved Rhovanion and the daughter of the King, [[Vidumavi]]. He married her. and she bore him a son whom she called ''[[Vinitharya]]'' in her mother tongue. In Gondor Vinitharya became known as King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] and caused a civil war, the [[Kin-strife]] because of his mixed Dúnadan/Northmen blood in {{TA|1447}}.

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Their existence was a bulwark of [[Gondor]], keeping its northern and eastern frontiers from invasion. When they were weakened and at last destroyed, first with the [[Great Plague]], which appeared there in the winter of {{TA|1635}} and soon spread to Gondor. The Horsemen suffered since the Plague came with a cold winter and they had only low wooden houses and thronged stables, little skilled in the arts of healing and medicine. When the Plague passed more than half of the foil of Rhovanion had perished, and of their horses also. They were slow to recover undisturbed, since the people further east had been equally afflicted.<ref name="Cirion"/>

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When the invasions of the [[Wainriders]] began against Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. Their scattered remains were recruited by King [[Narmacil II]] who took a great army north into the plains south of Mirkwood. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] ({{TA|1856}}) where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed. The remnant of his army retreated over the [[Dagorlad]] into [[Ithilien]]. A few Northmen fled to Gondor, others over the [[River Running|Celduin]] and were merged with their kin, the folk of [[Dale]] under [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and others followed [[Marhwini]] to the [[Vales of Anduin]] and became the ancestors of the [[Éothéod]]. Most of the Northmen were reduced to servitude, and all their former lands were occupied by the Wainriders.<ref name="Cirion"/>

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Their existence was a bulwark of [[Gondor]], keeping its northern and eastern frontiers from invasion. When they were weakened and at last destroyed, first with the [[Great Plague]], which appeared there in the winter of [[III 1635]] and soon spread to Gondor. The Horsemen suffered since the Plague came with a cold winter and they had only low wooden houses and thronged stables, little skilled in the arts of healing and medicine. When the Plague passed more than half of the foil of Rhovanion had perished, and of their horses also. They were slow to recover undisturbed, since the people further east had been equally afflicted.<ref name="Cirion"/>

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In {{TA|1899}} Marhwini prepared an outbreak against the Wainrider occupation. After helping [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] in fighting them in [[Dagorlad]], desperate poorly-armed outlaws came out of Mirkwood and roused the slaves. They burned many Wainriders dwellings, storehouses and fortified camps of wagons. Most of them perished in the attempt fighting the Wainriders' youths, women and old men. Marhwini retired to his land beside the Anduin, and the Northmen of his race never again returned to their former homes.<ref name="Cirion"/> Afterwards they battled with the enemies alone since Gondor could not help them. Still they joined the forces of Gondor and many comprised the army of the [[Battle of Fornost]] ({{TA|1975}})<ref name=Foster/>.

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When the invasions of the [[Wainriders]] began against Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. Their scattered remains were recruited by King [[Narmacil II]] who took a great army north into the plains south of Mirkwood. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed. The remnant of his army retreated over the [[Dagorlad]] into [[Ithilien]]. A few Northmen fled to Gondor, others over the [[Celduin]] and were merged with their kin, the folk of [[Dale]] under [[Erebor]] and others followed [[Marhwini]] to the [[Vales of Anduin]] and became the ancestors of the [[Éothéod]].<ref name="Cirion"/>

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After the evil Kingdom of [[Angmar]] was defeated by Gondor and the remains of [[Arnor]] in {{TA|1977}}, these Northmen moved north and began to call themselves the [[Éothéod]]. They were skilled horsebreeders and horsemen. In {{TA|2510}} they responded to a plea of help from the trapped Gondorian army at the [[Field of Celebrant]]. After they helped Gondor win this important victory they were rewarded the province of [[Calenardhon]] and became known as the [[Rohirrim]].

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In [[Third Age 1856]] Northmen were enslaved by the Easterlings but revolted in [[Third Age 1899]], aided with a timely attack of King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]. Afterwards they battled with the enemies alone since Gondor could not help them. Still they joined the forces of Gondor and many comprised the army of the [[Battle of Fornost]] ([[Third Age 1975]]).

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The later centuries it is mentioned that the Northmen were allied with [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and with [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] weapons drove the enemies back to [[Rhûn]]. However they did not prevent the enemies to reach the gates of Erebor during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref name=Foster/>

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After the evil Kingdom of [[Angmar]] was defeated by Gondor and the remains of [[Arnor]] in [[III 1977]], these Northmen moved north and began to call themselves the [[Éothéod]]. They were skilled horsebreeders and horsemen. In [[III 2510]] they responded to a plea of help from the trapped Gondorian army at the [[Field of Celebrant]]. After they helped Gondor win this important victory they were rewarded the province of [[Calenardhon]] and became known as the [[Rohirrim]].

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In the [[Fourth Age]], they obviously retained their alliance with the [[Reunited Kingdom]].<ref name=Foster/>

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The later centuries it is mentioned that the Northmen were allied with [[Erebor]] and with [[Dwarven]] weapons drove the enemies back to [[Rhûn]]. However they did not prevent the enemies to reach the gates of Erebor during the [[War of the Ring]].

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==Inspiration==

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In the [[Fourth Age]], they obviously retained their alliance with the [[Reunited Kingdom]].

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[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] was possibly inspired by the ancient [[Wikipedia:Norsemen|Northmen]] of northern Europe, the speakers of [[North Germanic languages|Old Norse]]. These "Northmen" appear in his poem "[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son]]".<ref>{{HB|II}}</ref>

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Revision as of 07:02, 17 September 2013

The Northmen who dwellt in Greenwood the Great and other parts of Rhovanion were friendly to the Dúnedain and were after the Dúnedain the most noble Men on Arda, counted as Middle Men by the Dúnedain, and believed to have been descended from the same group of Men as the Edain, the Atanatári. The only difference was that they didn't cross the Ered Luin into Beleriand and therefore didn't go to Númenor. The result of them not participating in the War against Morgoth was their considerably shorter lifespan if compared to the lifespan of the Dúnedain, whose lifespan was enhanced by the Valar after the War of Wrath.

The Men of Dale and Esgaroth were also counted under the Northmen, as were the woodsmen of Mirkwood. Most of Rhovanion had been depopulated after the wars of the Easterlings and the Great Plague.

Contents

History

Origins

The Northmen descended from the group of the Edain who left their kin to reach the West, being always at war with the Men of Darkness.[1] Somewhere in northern Rhûn, they had met the Dwarves[2]

There they were divided in two folks (who would later become House of Bëor and House of Marach) at NE of the Sea of Rhûn where they dwelt in the woods. The ancestors of the Hadorians dwelt in the north-east of the Sea, in the woods that there came near to the shores. The ancestors of the Beorians had reached the feet of the high hills to the south-west. Because of that distance, they both developed a craft of boat-building but met seldomly[3].

The ancestors of the Beorians had been mingling with Men of other kinds and their dialect of Taliska seemed to the rest to contain alien elements.[1]

The ancestors of the Beorians fled first and the ancestors of the Hadorians learned that only afterwards and followed on their trail through the Misty Mountains in the North (close to the dreadful Iron Mountains). Many sub-tribes of both peoples stayed behind, and when the shrinking teams (now led by Bëor and Marach) reached Beleriand, those who stayed behind occupied many parts of Eriador and northern Rhovanion[1]. These (known as Middle Men) appear to be akin to the House of Hador[4]

Not much is known about the forefathers of the Northmen during the Second Age other than that Rhovanion fell under the dominion of Sauron before being liberated by Gil-galad.

Third Age

They were important allies of Gondor and served as a buffer against the Easterlings, and in the Army of Gondor. For this reason they were given land east and south of the Wood around T.A.1000.[5]

For a time many of them even became subjects of Gondor, as the realm extended beyond the river Anduin.

East of Greenwood the Great was the kingdom of Rhovanion, and this became the most important nation of the Northmen. In the fourteenth century of the Third Age, King Rómendacil II of Gondor ensured their loyalty by crushing the Easterlings in T.A.1248 and many Northmen joined the army of Gondor[5]; he sent his son Valacar as an ambassador to Vidugavia, the so-called "King of Rhovanion". Valacar loved Rhovanion and the daughter of the King, Vidumavi. He married her. and she bore him a son whom she called Vinitharya in her mother tongue. In Gondor Vinitharya became known as King Eldacar and caused a civil war, the Kin-strife because of his mixed Dúnadan/Northmen blood in T.A.1447.

Their existence was a bulwark of Gondor, keeping its northern and eastern frontiers from invasion. When they were weakened and at last destroyed, first with the Great Plague, which appeared there in the winter of T.A.1635 and soon spread to Gondor. The Horsemen suffered since the Plague came with a cold winter and they had only low wooden houses and thronged stables, little skilled in the arts of healing and medicine. When the Plague passed more than half of the foil of Rhovanion had perished, and of their horses also. They were slow to recover undisturbed, since the people further east had been equally afflicted.[4]

When the invasions of the Wainriders began against Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. Their scattered remains were recruited by King Narmacil II who took a great army north into the plains south of Mirkwood. They were defeated in the Battle of the Plains (T.A.1856) where Narmacil and Marhari were killed. The remnant of his army retreated over the Dagorlad into Ithilien. A few Northmen fled to Gondor, others over the Celduin and were merged with their kin, the folk of Dale under Erebor and others followed Marhwini to the Vales of Anduin and became the ancestors of the Éothéod. Most of the Northmen were reduced to servitude, and all their former lands were occupied by the Wainriders.[4]

In T.A.1899 Marhwini prepared an outbreak against the Wainrider occupation. After helping Calimehtar in fighting them in Dagorlad, desperate poorly-armed outlaws came out of Mirkwood and roused the slaves. They burned many Wainriders dwellings, storehouses and fortified camps of wagons. Most of them perished in the attempt fighting the Wainriders' youths, women and old men. Marhwini retired to his land beside the Anduin, and the Northmen of his race never again returned to their former homes.[4] Afterwards they battled with the enemies alone since Gondor could not help them. Still they joined the forces of Gondor and many comprised the army of the Battle of Fornost (T.A.1975)[5].

After the evil Kingdom of Angmar was defeated by Gondor and the remains of Arnor in T.A.1977, these Northmen moved north and began to call themselves the Éothéod. They were skilled horsebreeders and horsemen. In T.A.2510 they responded to a plea of help from the trapped Gondorian army at the Field of Celebrant. After they helped Gondor win this important victory they were rewarded the province of Calenardhon and became known as the Rohirrim.

The later centuries it is mentioned that the Northmen were allied with Erebor and with Dwarven weapons drove the enemies back to Rhûn. However they did not prevent the enemies to reach the gates of Erebor during the War of the Ring.[5]