Grapefruit juice: Studies have found a risk for stones from drinking grapefruit juice.

Soft drinks should be avoided. Beer and other alcoholic beverages contain purines which may increase the less common uric acid stones.

Water:

Although water is best, it may vary depending on its source. Variations in water itself may have different impacts. Water hardness (meaning how much calcium is in the water) generally plays only a small role in stone formation. By far, the amount of fluid intake is most important in preventing stones.

How do fluids help?

Types of fluids which can be used

Types of fluids to be avoided

How much to drink?

Drinking fluids helps in preventing all types of kidney stones.

Water is the best option

Black tea is not recommended for people who have a tendency to get kidney stones as it contains high amount of oxalates.

Depends mainly on the weather and the person’s activity level

Drinking enough fluids help in keeping the urine diluted and in flushing out the stone forming minerals from the body.

Some studies recommend citrus fruit juices. They may help in preventing calcium oxalate and uric acid stones but may be harmful for people with calcium phosphate stones.

Grapefruit juice, cranberry juice and dark colas should be avoided by people who are prone to develop calcium oxalate kidney stones.

People living in tropical countries need to drink more water. Approximately two and a half to three litres of fluid are required for people living in tropics in summer.

Moderate intake of beer and wine may protect against stone formation.

People with kidney stones should drink water and other liquids to produce at least two litres of urine each day.

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