National Bicycling and Walking Study: Ten Year Status Report

Appendix 1: USDOT Activities, 1994-1999

Note: This Appendix was prepared for the Five Year Progress Report in 1999. It is included here for readers to follow USDOT activities since 1994. No changes have been made to this material. Appendix 2 presents USDOT activities during 1999 to 2004.

The Federal Action Plan

Action Item 1
Provide technical guidance in the interpretation of national transportation legislation and distribute other technical information

Action Item 3
Provide funding for a bicycle and pedestrian friendly infrastructure that includes new facilities and infrastructure retrofitting and education for all road users, and enforcement programs for all road users.

Action Item 4
Provide initial and continuing education and training for planning and engineering professionals which encourages routine consideration of the needs of bicyclists and pedestrians.

Action Item 5
Conduct promotional and awareness activities, both to increase the level of bicycling and walking for all trip purposes and to legitimize these travel modes within the transportation system.

Action Item 6
Carry out activities that increase the safety of bicycling and walking.

Action Item 7
Provide outreach to other government agencies and develop new public/private partnerships to safely increase bicycling and walking usage levels.

Action Item 1

Provide technical guidance in the interpretation of national transportation legislation and distribute other technical information.

Develop guidance and regulations as required to implement the bicycle and pedestrian provisions of ISTEA, including information on funding sources, State and MPO planning requirements, and the State DOT bicycle and pedestrian coordinator positions (FHWA).

Develop guidance as needed on the use of bicycle and pedestrian programs to met the goals of the Clean Air Act Amendments. (OST, FHWA)

Distribute the findings of the National Bicycling and Walking Study and develop an implementation plan for carrying out the Federal action items. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Develop and distribute a brochure describing and promoting opportunities in the FTA program for bicycle and pedestrian projects. (FTA)

Assimilate other technical information and distribute it as appropriate. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Conduct briefings for field, State and local offices on bicycle and pedestrian program issues. (FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Provide materials on bicycle and pedestrian issues to national organizations

USDOT Response to Action Item 1

Develop guidance and regulations as required to implement the bicycle and pedestrian provisions of ISTEA, including information on funding sources, State and MPO planning requirements, and the State DOT bicycle and pedestrian coordinator positions (FHWA).

Actions: USDOT has

Issued interim guidance on Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning at the State and MPO level under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (1994).

Delivered ten 1-day workshops on "Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning Under ISTEA" through the National Highway Institute (1994-1995).

Published a "Synthesis of Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning Under ISTEA" (1998).

Published the "Bicycle and Pedestrian Provisions of the Federal-aid System "brochure (1998).

Issued program guidance on the Bicycle and Pedestrian Provisions of the Federal Transportation Program (1999) which details all the major funding sources available for bicycle and pedestrian projects.

Issued program guidance on the Recreational Trails Program (1995, 1996/97, 1999).

Delivered numerous ISTEA/TEA-21 presentations to workshops, conferences, and other events over the past five years.

USDOT still needs to:

Update the 1992 guidance on the role and functions of the State bicycle and pedestrian coordinator position.

Update 23 CFR Part 652-Pedestrian and Bicycle Accommodations and Projects (the Code of Federal Regulations) to reflect the changes made by ISTEA and TEA-21.

Provide more guidance to FHWA Division staff, States, MPOs, and Federal Lands Highway offices on ways to integrate bicycle and pedestrian programs within their existing activities.

Develop guidance as needed on the use of bicycle and pedestrian programs to meet the goals of the Clean Air Act Amendments. (OST, FHWA)

Actions: USDOT has

Included bicycle and pedestrian information in FHWA program guidance on the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program (1996, 1999).

Included case studies of bicycle and pedestrian projects in a variety of CMAQ publications including an interactive display unit featuring the CMAQ program.

USDOT still needs to:

Complete research and offer guidance on quantifying the air quality and congestion relief impacts of investments in bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure and promotions.

Distribute the findings of the National Bicycling and Walking Study (NBWS) and develop an implementation plan for carrying out the Federal action items. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Distributed approximately 25,000 copies of the NBWS Final Report; 10,000 copies of the Executive Summary and more than 15,000 copies of the 24 case studies.

Presented the findings of the NBWS to international conferences in Basel (Switzerland), and Perth (Australia); national conferences in Oregon, Maine, Florida, the District of Columbia; and numerous State and local events throughout the country.

Issued a One Year Progress Report (1995).

USDOT still needs to:

Collaborate more effectively within DOT and other Federal agencies to plan and implement the remaining action items in the National Study.

Continue integrating the goals of the study into DOT programs and transportation plans at the State and MPO level.

Develop and distribute a brochure describing and promoting opportunities in the FTA program for bicycle and pedestrian projects. (FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Published Bicycles and Transit: A Partnership that Works (1998).

Published Improving Pedestrian Access to Transit: An Advocacy Handbook (1998).

USDOT still needs to:

Implement an outreach program to transit operators to assist them in developing bicycle- and pedestrian-friendly policies, projects, and programs.

Adopt a similar approach with the Federal Railroad Administration.

Assimilate other technical information and distribute it as appropriate. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Published a wide variety of reports and other resources based on FHWA and NHTSA research, State and local best practices, and international experience.

Initiated publication of two resource manuals detailing how State and local agencies should develop sidewalks and trails to meet the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (due in 1999).

Worked closely with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances to update the bicycle and pedestrian sections of key documents; and initiated a 1-day training workshop to update bicycle and pedestrian professionals on these various changes.

Worked in partnership with the Consumer Product Safety Council to publicize new bicycle helmet standards (March 1999).

Conduct briefings for field, State and local offices on bicycle and pedestrian program issues. (FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Better train and work with USDOT field staff to ensure that they are able to address the needs of bicyclists and pedestrians.

Provide materials on bicycle and pedestrian issues to national organizations

Actions: USDOT has

Made a wide array of publications and other resources available to a diverse and growing number national organizations. Notable projects include:

creation of Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT) software to assist State and local government record keeping and problem identification;

publication of a Bike to Work Day manual for the annual Washington DC event sponsored by the Washington Area Bicyclists Association;

a comprehensive Bicycle Safety Tool Kit, with an emphasis on safety materials, which will soon be complemented by a pedestrian equivalent;

compilation of a Pedestrian Reference Set to augment information available to communities wanting to improve walking conditions

publication of a Spanish- and English-language Walkability Checklist to help people identify pedestrian issues in their neighborhood

a series of Spanish-language materials to address older adult and child pedestrian safety issues

Established the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Clearinghouse to facilitate distribution of materials on bicycle and pedestrian issues to national organizations (1994-1998).

Distributed pedestrian and bicycle safety materials to diverse organizations such as the American Public Health Association, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Emergency Nurses Association, National Association of City and County Health Officials, National SAFE KIDS Campaign, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Coalition of Hispanic Health Organizations, and many more.

Encourage State safety offices to include consideration of bicyclists and pedestrians into their policies and procedures. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Investigate the collection of use, crash/accident rate, and evaluation data. Develop and test model usage, crash/accident rate, and evaluation methodologies and encourage their use by State and local officials. Assimilate and distribute this information. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

As appropriate, include consideration of bicyclist and pedestrian needs into revisions of DOT policies and procedures. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Ensured that the USDOT proposal for the successor to ISTEA (known as NEXTEA), fully integrated bicycle and pedestrian elements, including continued eligibility for major funding programs and inclusion in the planning process (1997). The eventual law that was passed by Congress, TEA-21, reflected most of these recommendations.

The NHTSA Strategic Plan includes mention of bicycle and pedestrian issues:

"The agency's goal is to reduce the pedestrian fatality rate to 2.0 and the injury rate to 30.6 per 100,000 people by the year 2000. In addition, the DOT seeks to reduce pedestrian and bicycle injuries and fatalities by 10 percent by the year 2000. A combination of public information, enforcement, engineering, and outreach strategies will be used to reach these goals."

NHTSA's goal is to reduce bicyclist fatalities and injuries and increase bicycle helmet usage. The agency will use a combination of public information, legislation, enforcement, engineering, and outreach strategies targeted to both bicyclists and motorists.

The FHWA Strategic Plan includes a brief mention of bicycle and pedestrian issues: "The FHWA, in partnership with the total highway and transportation community, is preparing for the future. Our vision is to create the safest and most efficient and effective highway and intermodal transportation system in the world for the American people--a transportation system where everyone has access within and beyond their community and to the world; a transportation system where crashes, delays, and congestion are significantly reduced; a transportation system where freight moves easily and at the lowest costs across towns, States, and international borders; a system where roads protect ecosystems and where travel on our roadways does not degrade the quality of the air; a system where pedestrians and bicyclists are accommodated; and a system where transportation services are restored immediately after disasters and emergencies."

USDOT still needs to:

Include bicycle and pedestrian consideration in core internal planning and operations documents such as the US DOT Strategic Plan and the modal administrations' performance measure plans. The current USDOT Strategic Plan includes no specific mention of bicycle issues and a passing reference to the safety of elderly pedestrians.

Improve overall awareness of bicycle and pedestrian issues within the senior levels of the USDOT so that the stated priorities of the agency and modal administrations are translated into actions.

Distribute the revised policies and procedures to field offices. (FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Distributed a series of policy memoranda that highlight the agency's commitment to biycle and pedestrian issues including a February 26, 1999, policy memorandum from the FHWA Administrator to field offices detailing changes brought about by TEA-21 (1999).

USDOT still needs to:

Incorporate bicycle and pedestrian issues into the statements of overall policy and procedure of the USDOT so that the issues are integrated into the ongoing activities of transportation agencies.

Coordinate bicycle and pedestrian efforts with the Office of Intermodalism and with the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Worked with the BTS to develop a needs statement for current research into the availability of bicycle and pedestrian data. (1998)

Worked with the Office of Intermodalism to develop the Millennium Trails Initiative

Encourage AASHTO to incorporate appropriate criteria for accomodation of bicyclists and pedestrians into their design, construction policies, standards and guides. (FHWA)

Actions: USDOT has

Provided a consultant to collect and assimilate technical comments on the upcoming AASHTO Guide to the Development of Bicycle Facilities (1996-1998).

Worked closely with AASHTO to involve bicycle and pedestrian professionals in the review and re-writing of the Guide to the Development of Bicycle Facilities, in particular by soliciting and compiling the comments of the State Bicycle and Pedestrian Coordinators (1996-1998).

Begun implementing the TEA-21 mandated study to develop guidance on the various approaches to accommodating bicycle and pedestrian travel, in cooperation with AASHTO, ITE, and other interested organizations (1998-1999).

Designated a staff person to serve on the review panel for an NCHRP research project synthesizing pedestrian design guidelines and standards (1999).

Recommend revisions to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the Highway Capacity Manual to ensure appropriate consideration of bicyclists and pedestrians. (FHWA)

Actions: USDOT has

Worked closely with the newly-formed National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices Task Force on Bicycling to revise Part IX of the MUTCD.

Developed a Final Rule for use of the flourescent yellow-green warning sign (for bicyclists, pedestrians and school zones) and the "Share the Road"warning sign.

Completed a research project to study and develop necessary changes to the Highway Capacity Manual; the research is complete and the changes approved for inclusion in the 2000 edition of the Manual. (1996-1998)

USDOT still needs to:

Include more pedestrian and bicycle-related innovative traffic control devices in the MUTCD, including:

develop a brochure outlining the MUTCD experimentation and rulemaking processes

ensure bicyclists and pedestrian interests are considered in al MUTCD rulemaking activities.

Encourage the revision of State and local planning and design policies and procedures to include consideration of bicyclists and pedestrians as appropriate. (FHWA)

Actions: USDOT has

Delivered 40 Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety and Accommodations courses through the National Highway Institute (NHI) -- the course includes extensive coverage of design and planning issues (1996-1998).

Delivered 10 Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning Under ISTEA training courses through NHI -- the course includes extensive recommendations on developing a planning process to integrate bicycling and walking (1994-1995).

Published Flexibility in Highway Design -- the book includes discussion of bicycle and pedestrian design issues (1997).

Published Implementing Bicycle Improvements at the Local Level (1998) and drafted a companion pedestrian manual for publication in 1999.

USDOT still needs to:

Develop and deliver bicycle and pedestrian facility design courses.

Develop and deliver training on compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Recognized the Traverse Area Recreational Trail and Wisconsin's Highway 23 Improvement in the Environmental Excellence award program (1997).

Featured numerous intermodal bicycle and pedestrian projects including the Stone Arch Bridge (MN), the Farmington Canal trail (CT), and the Danville Rail Passenger Station (VA) in "Building on the Past, Traveling to the Future", published with the National Trust for Historic Preservation (1995).

Published "Improving Conditions for Bicycling and Walking: A Best Practices Report"which features the I-70 trail (Glenwood Canyon, CO), Long Beach Bikestation, Phoenix Bike on Bus program, Caltrain Bike on Rail program, and many more examples of intermodal transportation projects.

Created an interactive, multi-media kiosk on the CMAQ and Transportation Enhancements program which features numerous bicycle and pedestrian projects including Seattle's Spot Improvement Program and the Long Beach Bikestation.

Encourage State safety offices to include consideration of bicyclists and pedestrians into their policies and procedures. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Actions: USDOT has

Created the Pedestrian Safety Roadshow, an interactive workshop to help communities mobilize support for pedestrian safety activities. DOT has sponsored at least 10 workshops and trained more than 150 trainers - who in turn have delivered dozens of Roadshows in communities across the country.

Published Traffic Safety Digest: A Compendium of Innovative State and Local Traffic Safety Projects which includes descriptions of a variety of pedestrian and bicycle safety initiatives.

Investigate the collection of use, crash/accident rate, and evaluation data. Develop and test model usage, crash/accident rate, and evaluation methodologies and encourage their use by State and local officials. Assimilate and distribute this information. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Published Crash Typing in the 90's reports for both bicycle and pedestrian crashes to update the way in which these crashes are categorized. This in turn helps with the identification of problems and specific countermeasures (1998).

Developed and tested the PBCAT software to assist State and local crash data gathering and application (1999).

Updated research into the use of hospital data to capture more accurate levels of bicycle and pedestrian crashes, especially in relation to single person and off-highway crashes (1999).

Disseminated a Model User Survey through the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Clearinghouse to aid agencies wishing to collect bicycle and pedestrian use data (1994).

Published a Compendium of Available Bicycle and Pedestrian Trip Generation Data in the United States (1994).

Worked with Bureau of Transportation Statistics to develop needs statement for current research into the availability of bicycle and pedestrian data (1998).

Identify FRA as the appropriate agency through which to work cooperatively with the railroad industry and address the issue of bicycle carriage on passenger trains.

Action Item 3

Provide funding for a bicycle and pedestrian friendly infrastructure that includes new facilities and infrastructure retrofitting and education for all road users, and enforcement programs for all road users.

Actively promote the use of Federal-aid transportation funds for bicycle and pedestrian projects. Follow up to determine the amount of money spent in each State. Publicize the expenditures and funding sources. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Actively encourage Section 402 funding to be used on bicycle and pedestrian safety programs. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Encourage the use of Title III, Section 25 funds for facilities and programs enhancing multimodal transit trips which include bicycle and pedestrian components. (FTA)

Refine and promote educational and enforcement programs for all road users relating to bicyclists and pedestrians. (NHTSA, FHWA, FTA)

USDOT Response to Action Item 3

Actively promote the use of Federal-aid transportation funds for bicycle and pedestrian projects. Follow up to determine the amount of money spent in each State. Publicize the expenditures and funding sources. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Actions: USDOT has

Published Bicycle and Pedestrian Provisions of the Federal-aid Program which highlights funding opportunities (1998).

Circulated program guidance on the bicycle and pedestrian provisions o the Federal transportation program that actively encourages States and MPOs to use the full range of available funding programs to improve conditions for bicycling and walking (1999).

Ensured that the Federal Register Notice announcing the Transportation and Community and System Preservation pilot program actively encouraged bicycle and pedestrian related projects (1998).

Attended a groundbreaking ceremony for the Metropolitan Branch Trail (DC), a High Priority Project funded under TEA-21 (1998).

Written the 1999 Public Lands Highways Discretionary Funds solicitation to actively recruit trail projects - resulting in the award of $11 million for bicycle, pedestrian, and trail projects (1998) - and publicized the results of this solicitation.

Produced an annual summary of obligated funds for the TE, CMAQ, and STP programs.

USDOT still needs to:

Improve the way in which the agency tracks expenditures on bicycle and pedestrian projects that are an incidental feature of larger projects.

Encourage and assist States and MPOs in the speedier implementation of bicycle and pedestrian projects using TEA-21 funds.

Actively encourage Section 402 funding to be used on bicycle and pedestrian safety programs. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Actions: USDOT has

Initiated the Pedestrian Safety Roadshow, a citizen action workshop that has been delivered in more than 50 communities, which focuses on a variety of pedestrian safety programs including those funded by Section 402 State and Community Traffic Safety Program. More than 150 trainers have been trained to deliver the Roadshow.

Encourage the use of Title III, Section 25 funds for facilities and programs enhancing multimodal transit trips which include bicycle and pedestrian components. (FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Published Bicycles and Transit: A Partnership that Works (1998).

Published Improving Pedestrian Access to Transit: An Advocacy Handbook (1998).

USDOT still needs to:

Provide greater assistance in defining and describing the new Transit Enhancements Program created by TEA-21

Refine and promote educational and enforcement programs for all road users relating to bicyclists and pedestrians. (NHTSA, FHWA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Maintained an active, ongoing program to provide a wide range of literature and resources on bicycle and pedestrian safety programs including:

Prevent Pedestrian Crashes a program for preschool and elementary school children

Walk Alert: National Pedestrian Safety Program Guide

Ride Like A Pro bicycle helmet safety event and brochure

Caminando a Travées de los Años, a three-part Spanish language pedestrian safety program featuring a telenovela, brochures, slide show etc.

What's New About Bicycle Helmets brochure

10 Smart Routes to Bicycle Safety booklet

Use Your Head: Before You Buy a Bike Helmet Make Sure it Fits, poster and flyer

Initiated work on the TEA-21 mandate to develop a national bicycle safety education curriculum.

Developed a Zone Guide for Pedestrian Safety to provide a systematic, cost-effective way to target pedestrian safety activities.

Developed a Bicycle Safety Resource Guide documenting bicycle safety problem areas and available countermeasures in a matrix format.

Action Item 4

Provide initial and continuing education and training for planning and engineering professionals which encourages routine consideration of the needs of bicyclists and pedestrians.

Refine and continue providing training for transportation officials in field, State, MPO, and local offices on bicycle and pedestrian accommodations and safety. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Investigate the development of a core bicycle and pedestrian curriculum for inclusion in transportation engineering courses at the undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education levels. (FHWA).

Investigate development of a training course on bicyclist and pedestrian facility planning and design. (FHWA)

Provide training for local transit officials on designing bicyclist-friendly parking facilities, on-vehicle carriage programs, interfaces for bicyclists and pedestrians with transit, and access features approaching and at transit centers. (FTA, FHWA)

USDOT Response to Action Item 4

Refine and continue providing training for transportation officials in field, State, MPO, and local offices on bicycle and pedestrian accommodations and safety. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Organized 6 annual meetings of the State bicycle and pedestrian coordinators

Provided a detailed package of current training opportunities at most recent annual meeting (Sept. 1998)

Promoted all NHI bicycle and pedestrian courses through the State DOT bicycle and pedestrian coordinators

Facilitated a bi-monthly conference call of the State bicycle and pedestrian coordinators

Investigate the development of a core bicycle and pedestrian curriculum for inclusion in transportation engineering courses at the undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education levels. (FHWA).

Actions: USDOT has

Developed a modular, graduate level bicycle and pedestrian curriculum for inclusion in engineering and planning curriculum (1999). This can also be used as part of undergraduate and continuing education courses.

Investigate development of a training course on bicyclist and pedestrian facility planning and design. (FHWA)

Actions: USDOT has

Begun work through NHI to develop a bicycle facility design training course (1999).

Offered a three-day Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety and Accommodation course through NHI that includes a substantial amount of facility planning and design information.

USDOT still needs to:

Develop and deliver a pedestrian facility design course.

Develop and deliver an ADA implementation design course.

Develop and deliver a course or course materials on pedestrian crossings at railway-highway intersections.

Provide training for local transit officials on designing bicyclist-friendly parking facilities, on-vehicle carriage programs, interfaces for bicyclists and pedestrians with transit, and access features approaching and at transit centers. (FTA, FHWA)

Actions: USDOT has

Not acted on this item.

USDOT still needs to:

Integrate bicycle and pedestrian integration into American Public Transit Association (APTA) and FTA courses, resources and materials.

Complete and publish the results of an FRA study into the feasibility of rails-with-trails facilities and their linkage to transit services.

Action Item 5

Conduct promotional and awareness activities, both to increase the level of bicycling and walking for all trip purposes and to legitimize these travel modes within the transportation system.

Coordinate activities of the USDOT with other Federal agencies. Convene regular meetings of representatives of the Federal agencies involved in bicycling and pedestrian issues to develop new programs and to exchange information. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Include specific promotional references to bicycling and walking in speeches, policy documents and regulations, press releases, news articles and other information released to the public. Actively promote and sponsor events such as National Bicycle Month and bicycle and pedestrian conferences. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Conduct briefings for field, State, MPO and local offices on bicycle and pedestrian program issues. Conduct site visits of exemplary programs and pass on information to other localities. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Encourage and coordinate activities to measure the amount of bicycling and walking in the United States and ensure this data is compatible with crash/accident data. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Develop and provide information to transit providers and to potential and actual transit users on multimodal trips including bicycling and walking. (FTA)

Implement a national campaign to promote increased and safer use of bicycling and walking. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

USDOT Response to Action Item 5

Coordinate activities of the USDOT with other Federal agencies. Convene regular meetings of representatives of the Federal agencies involved in bicycling and pedestrian issues to develop new programs and to exchange information. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Established a Charter Group on Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety to coordinate and elevate the importance of these issues within NHTSA and FHWA.

Convened quarterly meetings of a new Interagency Task Force on Bicycling and Walking that has included participation from GSA, EPA, CDC, DOT, DOI, USDA, the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, DOD, and local bicycle interest groups.

Created a Task Force on Rails-with-Trails to coordinate the response and role of FHWA, NHTSA, FRA, OST, and FTA on this emerging issue.

Co-chaired the National Bicycle Safety Network, a public-private partnership to promote safe bicycling with partners such as the League of American Bicyclists, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Maternal and Child Health Bureau.

Participated in the Interagency Trails Council meetings hosted by DOI/NPS.

Developed the Millennium Trails Initiative in partnership with the White House Millenium Council.

Worked with the U.S. Access Board on sidewalk accessibility and the accessibility of outdoor developed areas.

Include specific promotional references to bicycling and walking in speeches, policy documents and regulations, press releases, news articles and other information released to the public. Actively promote and sponsor events such as National Bicycle Month and bicycle and pedestrian conferences. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Include references to bicycling and walking in speeches, presentations and other activities that are not just addressed to the bicycling and walking community, but also to the construction, traffic engineering, motor vehicle, trucking, and planning audiences.

Conduct briefings for field, State, MPO and local offices on bicycle and pedestrian program issues. Conduct site visits of exemplary programs and pass on information found to other localities. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Published Improving Conditions for Bicycling and Walking: A Best Practices Report which captures and disseminates success stories from more than 20 cities and States. (1998)

Published Bicycling and Walking in the Nineties and Beyond: Applying Scandinavian Experience to America's Challenges. (1995)

Published FHWA Study Tour for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety in England, Germany and The Netherlands. (1995)

Included in its on-going research program studies of innovative bicycle facilities and pedestrian applications for ITS technologies. These are expected to be published in 1999.

Encourage and coordinate activities to measure the amount of bicycling and walking in the United States and ensure this data is compatible with crash/accident data. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Published A Compendium of Available Bicycle and Pedestrian Trip Generation Data in the United States (1994).

Organized and published the results of a Bicycle/Pedestrian Trip Generation Workshop (1996-1998).

Disseminated model surveys for local and State agencies to use in determining local levels of bicycle use (1995).

Recently awarded a contract through Bureau of Transportation Statistics to research available bicycle and pedestrian data (1999).

Developed a nationwide telephone survey on Public Beliefs about Pedestrian and Bicyclce Safety and Accommodations, to be carried out in 1999.

USDOT still needs to:

Establish a reliable method by which to calculate and track the level of use of bicycles and walking.

Continue studying ways in which to develop a complete picture of bicycle and pedestrian crashes and their causes.

Develop and provide information to transit providers and to potential and actual transit users on multimodal trips including bicycling and walking. (FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Published Bicycling and Transit: A Partnership that Works (1998)

Published Improving Pedestrian Access to Transit: An Advocacy Manual. (1998)

Studied methods of forecasting nonmotorized trip patterns, including where the two modes are integrated with transit, and prepared a report for publication in 1999.

Implement a national campaign to promote increased and safer use of bicycling and walking. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Founded and actively supported the Partnership for a Walkable America (PWA).

Supported the National Walk Our Child to School Day.

Sponsored National Trails Day in 1998 and 1999.

Developed the Pedestrian Safety Roadshow for community leaders.

USDOT still needs to:

Explore support for a bicycle equivalent of the PWA.

Champion the cause of bicycling and walking beyond a bicycle and pedestrian audience and ensure that the two modes become a real part of the national dialog on transportation safety and the future of our transportation infrastructure.

Action Item 6

Carry out activities that increase the safety of bicycling and walking.

Encourage the collection of data for evaluating the effectiveness of bicycle and pedestrian safety programs. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Encourage the collection of data for evaluating the effectiveness of bicycle and pedestrian safety programs. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Developed the Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT) software.

Initiated study of pedestrian safety countermeasures in a large urban area (Miami) to determine their impact (1998).

Published a Bicycle Safety-related Research Synthesis (1995).

Evaluated the Pedestrian Safety Roadshows and Facilitator Training courses to determine their effectiveness and the need for additional follow-up and assistance to communities who have had the Roadshow.

USDOT still needs to:

Develop an outreach program to promote the benefits of different pedestrian countermeasures as cost-effective solutions to pedestrian crash problems.

Encourage and actively promote helmet use among bicyclists of all ages. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Co-chaired the National Bicycle Safety Network

Organized the Ride Like A Pro bicycle helmet safety event in conjunction with the National Football League and the Super Bowl (1995-1999)

Published a range of materials on bicycle helmets including

What's New About Bicycle Helmets, flyer

Use Your Head Before You Buy a Bicycle Helmet, poster and flyer

Be Head Smart, brochure.

Provided bicycle helmet demonstrations at the DOT's 30th Anniversary Celebration, to Garrett Morgan Youth, and at local schools.

Presented a Helmet Initiatives workshop at the International Injury Conference (1998, 1999)

Investigate bicyclist and pedestrian crashes which do not involve motor vehicles and those which occur off the roadway.

Actions: USDOT has

Completed Development of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Injury Databases to Study Non-roadway and Non-motor vehicle Injury Events to address this issue. (1999)

Widely promote the use of Walk Alert and other pedestrian safety program materials. (FHWA, NHTSA)

Actions: USDOT has

Developed the Pedestrian Safety Roadshow which has been delivered in more than 50 communities, and trained 155 Roadshow trainers. The Roadshow is seen as a necessary precursor to the implementation of a Walk Alert-type pedestrian safety program.

Developed a Pedestrian Reference Set to provide follow-up materials to communities who have had, or are organizing, a Pedestrian Safety Roadshow.

Supported National Walk Our Children to School Day. (Ongoing)

Developed a Pedestrian Safety Toolkit as a resource for local pedestrian safety coordinators and advocates (1999).

Produced brochures on Pedestrian Safety for School Age Children; Crossing Advice for Pedestrians; The Signs of Safety are Everywhere; and Don't have a Blind Spot When it Comes to Walking Safely Near Large Trucks and Buses.

Produced a quarterly newsletter to inform USDOT field staff and others about pedestrian funding issues, research reports, success stories, legislation, and other updates.

Cooperate with other agencies and organizations to develop and promote a Bicycle Safety Program for use at the local level.

Actions: USDOT has

Initiated development of a National Bicycle Safety Education Curriculum which will result in as assemblage of available education courses for all age groups.

Commissioned a compilation of bicycle safety literature, programs, resources etc. with the goal of providing a World Wide Web based resource that can identify education program for any age, any problem, variety of media.

Worked with Earth Force and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to host a Youth Safety Summit to showcase innovative youth projects that promote bicycling and bicycle safety (1999).

Developed the Ride Like a Pro Community Handbook to enable communities to host their own bicycle safety events.

Initiated a task force and commissioned research to address rails-with-trails issues, one element of this overall action item.

USDOT still needs to:

Complete this action item.

Action Item 7

Provide outreach to other government agencies and develop new public/private partnerships to safely increase bicycling and walking usage levels.

Initiate contact with other Federal agencies to learn of their efforts relating to bicycling and walking both from a programmatic and from administrative aspects. Work with these agencies to use their resources to promote bicycling and walking, and to integrate consideration of bicycling and walking into their policies and programs where appropriate. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Initiate contact, respond to inquiries, and work cooperatively with public and private organizations committed to promoting bicycling and walking and their safety. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Conduct a workshop to investigate the role of the transit industry in bicycle systems and services. (FTA)

Monitor and publicize ongoing projects to show the role of local transit agencies, MPOs, and other local organizations in developing and managing a comprehensive bicycle commuting system. (FTA)

USDOT Response to Action Item 7.

Initiate contact with other Federal agencies to learn of their efforts relating to bicycling and walking both from a programmatic and from administrative aspects. Work with these agencies to use their resources to promote bicycling and walking, and to integrate consideration of bicycling and walking into their policies and programs where appropriate. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Established and maintained the Interagency Task Force on Bicycling and Walking.

Participated in Interagency Trails Council meetings.

Served on the Regulatory Negotiation Committee on Outdoor Recreation Facilities in cooperation with the U.S. Access Board and numerous public and private groups.

Co-chaired the National Bicycle Safety Network.

Been a founding member of Partnership for a Walkable America.

Hosted two workshops on Rails-with-Trails issues with the railroad industry, safety groups, and trail advocates.

Co-sponsored a conference with the Centers for Disease Control to Prevent Pediatric Pedestrian Injuries.

Delivered presentations to numerous conferences and meetings of national associations and government agencies.

Initiate contact, respond to inquiries, and work cooperatively with public and private organizations committed to promoting bicycling and walking and their safety. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Supported the Partnership for a Walkable America.

Published Improving Conditions for Bicycling and Walking: A Best Practices Report with the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals and the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy (1998).

Supported numerous conferences, workshops, and events organized by public and private partners.

Established the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Clearinghouse with Bicycle Federation of America and the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy (RTC) (1994-1998). In 1999, many of these functions and additional responsibilities will be transfered to a new Bicycle and Pedestrian Technical Information Center.

Established the National Transportation Enhancements Clearinghouse with RTC (1996-present).

Presented bicycle and pedestrian information at numerous international, national, State, and local conferences, meetings, and workshops.

Briefed the USDOT Secretary, modal Administrators, and members of Congress on bicycle and pedestrian issues.

Conduct a workshop to investigate the role of the transit industry in bicycle systems and services. (FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Not acted on this item.

USDOT still needs to:

Complete this action item

Monitor and publicize ongoing projects to show the role of local transit agencies, MPOs, and other local organizations in developing and managing a comprehensive bicycle commuting system. (FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Not acted on this item.

USDOT still needs to:

Complete this action item.

Action Item 8

Conduct research and develop effective methods of technology transfer.

Coordinate Federal research activities both within and outside of the USDOT and make recommendations for studies as appropriate. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Continue research activities relating to the safety of bicycling and walking. (FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Conduct research into promoting the use of bicycling and walking, and measuring the effectiveness of such programs. (FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actively investigate existing technology transfer activities (such as the FHWA Local Technical Assistance Program, National Highway Institute, FHWA Office of Technology Applications, and the NHTSA Regional Operations Program) and utilize them where appropriate. Where needed, develop new technology transfer activities.

Conduct a workshop to investigate the shortcomings of traditional technology transfer activities relating to bicyclists and pedestrians. Develop solutions and recommend their implementation in the DOT agencies. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Conduct research on patronage estimation and mode split modeling for bicycle and pedestrian services and facilities. (FTA)

USDOT Response to Action Item 8

Coordinate Federal research activities both within and outside of the USDOT and make recommendations for studies as appropriate. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Completed a 5-year Bicycle and Pedestrian Research Program featuring 16 major areas of research. A complete description of the research projects was included as an appendix in the five year progress report.

Developed an annual list of research priorities within FHWA

Served as a co-chair of the TRB Committee on Bicycling Research Needs Sub-committee to develop research problem statements; had numerous staff serving on the TRB Bicycling and Pedestrian committees.

Established a Research Committee of the Interagency Task Force on Bicycling and Walking (1999)

USDOT still needs to:

Participate in the development of a coordinated national research agenda to address critical bicycle and pedestrian research needs.

Continue research activities relating to the safety of bicycling and walking. (FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Completed tasks under the research project above.

Initiated a major research study of pedestrian safety countermeasures in a large urban area (1998).

Begun investigating a three year research study of trail/roadway intersections.

Undertaken the development, implementation and evaluation of a countermeasures program for impaired pedestrians.

Initiated research into the feasibility of rails-with-trail projects.

Tested and developed the "Zone Approach" to targeting pedestrian safety improvements.

USDOT still needs to:

Identify more research funding within the Department to meet the on-going research needs in the bicycle and pedestrian area.

Conduct research into promoting the use of bicycling and walking, and measuring the effectiveness of such programs. (FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Not acted on this item.

USDOT still needs to:

Complete this action item.

Actively investigate existing technology transfer activities (such as the FHWA Local Technical Assistance Program, National Highway Institute, FHWA Office of Technology Applications, and the NHTSA Regional Operations Program) and utilize them where appropriate. Where needed, develop new technology transfer activities.

Actions: USDOT has

The National Highway Institute (NHI) has worked with FHWA and NHTSA to develop bicycle and pedestrian courses and to review bicycle and pedestrian research products.

The Office of Technology Applications (since renamed the Office of Technology Evaluation and Deployment) has trained more than 150 instructors for the Pedestrian Safety Roadshows, created the Pedestrian Reference Set, and has worked collaboratively with FHWA and NHTSA to promote and use a variety of bicycle and pedestrian products.

FHWA's International Technology Scanning Program has sponsored two study tours and published two reports on European initiatives to improve bicycle and pedestrian use and safety.

All agencies have started taking full advantage of the World Wide Web to make information widely available.

Conduct a workshop to investigate the shortcomings of traditional technology transfer activities relating to bicyclists and pedestrians. Develop solutions and recommend their implementation in the DOT agencies. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

The technology transfer element of the multi-year Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Research project included two workshops to gather public input into the appropriate technology and content to provide.

The World Wide Web site proposed as a result of these meetings and research activities is under development and should be available in October 1999.

Established the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Clearinghouse in 1994. The NBPC developed a series of fact sheets and disseminated thousands of USDOT publications. FHWA support for the Clearinghouse ceased in 1998.

Reviewed applications for the TEA-21-mandated Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety Grant to establish a Technical Information Center, develop and disseminate bicycle and pedestrian materials, techniques and strategies. The contract will be awarded in the Spring of 1999.

Established the National Transportation Enhancements Clearinghouse in 1996.

Conduct research on patronage estimation and mode split modeling for bicycle and pedestrian services and facilities. (FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Not acted on this item.

USDOT still needs to:

Complete this research.

Action Item 9

Serve as positive national presence and role model.

Offer and provide technical information within the agencies of the USDOT, their field offices, and outside the agency as appropriate. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Encourage the use of bicycling and walking as agency policy. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Present bicycling and walking as legitimate transportation options in speeches and other public communications. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Participate in national and regional conferences to promote bicycling and walking. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Offer and provide technical information within the agencies of the USDOT, their field offices, and outside the agency as appropriate. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Undertaken a wide variety of activities both internally and externally to offer and provide technical information on bicycle and pedestrian issues. These actions are detailed throughout the response to the preceding eight action items.

Encourage the use of bicycling and walking as agency policy. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Actively participated in the annual bike to work event in Washington, DC.

Drafted an Executive Order on Managing Federal Workforce Transportation that encourages employees and visitors to walk and bicycle as a means of commuting.

USDOT still needs to:

Ensure the planning, design and operation of DOT buildings and facilities (including any new headquarters building) provides access for people with disabilities; promotes bicycling and walking by employees, contractors and visitors; and contributes to the livability of the surrounding community.

Present bicycling and walking as legitimate transportation options in speeches and other public communications. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Developed display materials and events (e.g. Walk Our Children to School Week) that represent bicycling and walking as legitimate transportation modes.

Participate in national and regional conferences to promote bicycling and walking. (OST, FHWA, NHTSA, FTA)

Actions: USDOT has

Supported a wide range of national, State and regional conferences with sponsorship, promotion, and speakers. These have included bicycle and pedestrian conferences, trail and greenway conferences and symposia, transportation safety conferences, and bicycle and pedestrian tracks within other national conferences.

Published Improving Conditions for Bicycling and Walking: A Best Practices Report. 1998.

The 1998 Excellence in Highway Design awards recognized a number of bicycle and pedestrian related projects including the Historic Columbia River Highway State Trail (OR), the Pen Yan Main Street Bridge (NY), the Grasshopper bridge (AZ) and the Assateague Island Pedestrian bridge (MD).

Published More than Asphalt, Concrete and Steel, a report which recognizes bicycle and pedestrian improvements in Port of Kalama, WA; Puerto Rico; and Chicago, IL.