Meet the Camera: FED-2

The FED-2 has become quite a common sight in the film photography community lately – quite a feat given that, as a product of the Soviet Union, it was largely unknown in the West throughout its production life. But now that the Cold War has ended, financial opportunism has taken root, and the internet has made it possible to buy stuff from pretty much anywhere with a few clicks, FEDs and other Soviet cameras are popping up all over the place.

There’s a bunch of good reasons for this. These cameras are essentially copies of the famous pre-war Barnack-designed Leica at a fraction of the price, which is a pretty good reason to get one all by itself. That means the controls are all manual (shutter speeds from 1/500 to 1/30 plus B), and since there’s no meter, you’re pretty much on your own. Sure, Soviet quality control wasn’t always quite up to Western standards, but get a good one and it’s a reasonable facsimile of a Leica, if you’re not too nitpicky about it.

But the Soviets deserve credit for more than simply ignoring patent laws and lax quality assurance. Yes, they did keep building cameras based on decades-old designs even though the rest of the world had moved on, but they did make improvements in an effort to bring the design a bit more up to date. Some of these were actually pretty useful: the FED-2 has an integrated viewfinder/rangefinder with a much longer distance between the VF and RF mirror windows, allowing for more precise focusing than with the original Leica. It also had a removable back for easier film loading. Later models variously added light meters, film advance levers, slow speeds. Of course, they also benefited from that Soviet design aesthetic than made them look increasingly like they were engineered by people who previously designed those living room-sized control consoles for industrial equipment that consisted of a giant dial, two oversized square buttons, and a flashing red light. The FED-2, though, did not suffer from these complications. It’s pretty faithful to the Barnack design with just a few tweaks to improve usability.

The FED-2 was produced – like so many Soviet consumer products – largely unchanged for over a decade (1955-1968, not counting the transitional E model), with the total run amounting to over a million and a half units. Mine is a late D model from 1966, with a fabric body covering and self-timer, but no strap lugs. Aside from these minor detail variations across the model range, the major difference was in the standard lens fitted from the factory. Early FEDs came with a collapsible FED 50mm f/3.5 that made for a very compact package. Later models have a fixed body 50mm f/2.8 Industar-26m; a few are reported to have come with the 52mm f/2.8 Industar-61, which supplanted the -26m in the early 1960s. Mine was fitted with the Industar-26m, which in my experience was a good lens capable of producing nice images, but not extraordinary. Those who are more particular about the finer technical aspects of their photographs tend to dismiss the -26m, but it really isn’t bad in my limited experience.

Nonetheless, it has recently been replaced with the 50mm f/2 Jupiter-8 seen here, which is a post-war copy of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar; this one was produced in 1963. Since the FED uses a standard Leica screw mount, there is a wide variety of lenses to choose from, both Soviet and Western. If you move away from the 50mm focal length, however, you’ll want an external viewfinder to compose with, as there are no alternative framelines in the stock VF. Many of the Soviet lenses are copies of Western designs and are quite well-regarded. I haven’t had a chance to shoot with the Jupiter-8 yet, but it is highly regarded.

So there you have it, the FED-2 in all its glory. It’s a knock-off, to be sure, but a pretty good one, and a nice little historical artifact of the Soviet industrial complex to boot. I run Tri-X through it almost exclusively these days, though I may shoot a roll or two of color to see how the new lens does with it. I’ve found it to be a really enjoyable camera to shoot, and the moderate size of the package means I don’t mind carrying it around (later FEDs got considerably larger). In some ways I have to credit mine with spurring me to go beyond both film SLRs and digital; the simplicity, the size, the back-to-basics experience of shooting with it, all helped me to recognize new ways of approaching photography.

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Do you own a FED-2 or other Soviet camera? Filmosaur wants to hear about it!

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2 comments on “Meet the Camera: FED-2”

Thanks for your notes on the Fed-2. I own a Fed-2 and a Fed 3 (also a Lubitel). I bought them
because they were a good value and they look kind of like a Leica. I learned photography more or less in my high school years using an Argus 21, which looks kind of like an Argus C-44.

Cameras without batteries seem to be quite reliable, even though they are old.
I also use a Leningrad 4 selenium-cell light meter (again, no batteries!).

The photos taken with the Fed are just fine. I have all sorts of other camera gear but a rangefinder
with a 50 mm lens does really well.

There is a lot to be said for a simple rangefinder with a 50mm lens, especially in this day and age of technology-driven camera equipment. The Soviet stuff may not be as polished as a some Western equivalents, but they can certainly produce comparable results.