Sabarmati Ashram is located in the Ahmedabad at the bank of River Sabarmati. This was one of the residences of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. This ashram is now a national monument established by the Government of India due to its significance for the Indian independence movement in the form of the Dandi March in 1930. The ashram was originally established at the Kocharab Bungalow of Jivanlal Desai on 25 May 1915. The Ashram was then shifted on 17 June 1917 to a piece of open land on the banks of the river Sabarmati. It was believed that this was ancient ashram site of Dadhichi Rishi who had donated his bones for a righteous war. Mahatma Gandhi said, "This is the right place for our activities to carry on the search for truth and develop fearlessness, for on one side are the iron bolts of the foreigners, and on the other the thunderbolts of Mother Nature." While at the Ashram, Gandhi formed a tertiary school that mainly focused on manual labour, agriculture, and literacy to advance his efforts for nation's self-sufficiency. It was also from here on the 12 March 1930 that Gandhi marched towards Dandi, 241 miles from the Ashram with 78 companions in protest of the British Salt Law, which taxed Indian salt in an effort to promote sales of British salt in India.

A Walk in Gandhi AshramOriginally the ashram contained a few buildings which included gandhiji’s residence, a guest house, etc. as explained below: Hriday Kunj – It was Gandhiji’s residence for all the times that he lived in the ashram. Like heart in a body this centrally located abode supplied energy to the entire place. Magan Niwas – The residence of Maganlal Gandhi - A Soul of ashram also introduced different design of charkhas. Upasana Mandir: It is an open -air prayer ground, situated between 'Hridaya Kunj' and 'Magan Kutir' (the hut where Maganlal Gandhi, the ashram manager, used to stay).Here, Gandhiji used to refer to individual questions after prayers and as the head of the family analysed and gave his solutions. Vinoba Kutir: Named after Acharya Vinoba Bhave who stayed here, and also known as Mira Kutir after Miraben, Gandhiji's disciple, daughter of a British Admiral. Nandini: It is on the right hand side of 'Hridaya Kunj'. It is an old Ashram guest house, where guests from India and abroad are put up. Udyog Mandir - A Temple of industry symbolizing self reliance & dignity of labour. Somnath Chattralaya - It is cluster of rooms occupied by ashramities who forsook family affairs and shared Ashram. Teacher's Niwas - Bapu's associates stayed at teacher's chali

Present dayThe ashram now has a museum, Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalay. In 1963 the museum building was erected (designed by architect Charles Correa), and memorial activities were then started here.One of the important activities undertaken is the establishment of a Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya. Initially started in 'Hriday Kunj,' Gandhi's own cottage in the Ashram, the Sangrahalaya has now shifted to its own well-designed and well-furnished building which was inaugurated byJawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, on 10 May 1963

The Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya is run by a public trust established in 1951. The museum’s main objective is to house the personal memorabilia of Mahatma Gandhi. Consequently the exhibits on view depict the vivid and historic events of Gandhiji’s life. There are books, manuscripts and photocopies of his correspondence, photographs of Gandhiji with his wife Kasturba and other ashram associates, life size oil paintings and actual relics like his writing desk and spinning wheel.

The Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya (Gandhi Memorial Institution) is a museum and public service institution dedicated to preserve the work and memory and commemorate the life of Mahatma Gandhi. The Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya treasures the reputation of being one of those venues that houses the priced memorabilia of perhaps one of the most, influential and inspiring individuals who has ever...

..."Spiritual Knowledge Is The Saviour : By Shri Bhole Ji Maharaj."
Lord Rama says to Bhilni, ”Pratham bhakti santan kar sanga, doosari rati mam katha prasanga.”The prime step of devotion is the company of saints. The second step is to enjoy listening to stories about God. Saints give holy teachings, which take us towards true Spiritual Knowledge and inspire us to experience it.
We have to uplift ourselves in this world, which is possible only through Spiritual Knowledge. A human being’s life is a waste without it. It is said, ”Mutthi bandhe aya jagat mein, hath pasare jayega.” A person is born empty handed and leaves empty handed.”
In the end, nothing of this world will accompany us except our earnings from meditation. This is the only wealth which cannot be destroyed nor stolen. So, find the Spiritual Knowledge, the Holy Name of God. St. Kabir said, ”Tantra-mantra sab jooth hain, mat bharmo sansar. Sar shabd jane bina, koi na utarsi par.” Do not be misguided by tantras or mantras as all these are fake.
Nobody can cross the worldly ocean without knowing the Essential Word of God. What is that Word? In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna says to Arjuna, “He who meditates at the time of death, comes to Me.” Which Word can we remember with our dying breath and by which we can reach the heavenly abode of God? At that time our hands, legs, and tongue become rigid. When breath has left the body, then doctors also express their inability to do anything further. Breaths are...

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PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA)
(Estted. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India)
FACULTY OF SCIENCE SYLLABI FOR M.Sc. (TWO YEAR COURSE ) IN CHEMISTRY 1st & 2nd YEAR( Semester System) EXAMINATIONS 2013-2014 --:O:--
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OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR M.Sc. FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER-I) EXAMINATION OF 2013 OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE To teach the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining to M.Sc. (1st Year, General, Semester System) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the UGC module and demand of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time to time as per suggestions of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh and affiliated colleges. The syllabus contents are duly arranged unit wise and contents are included in such a manner so that due importance is given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills. First Year: There will be two Semesters in a year. Examination will be held at the end of each semester. M.Sc. (Chemistry) 1st Year (1st Semester) Course No. Course Marks Hours Semester 1st Exam. CH-411 Inorganic Chemistry 1 60 80 CH-412 Organic Chemistry 1 60 80 CH-413 Physical Chemistry 1 60 80 *CH-414 (a) Mathematics for 30 40 Chemists 30 40 (b) Biology for Chemists (c) Computer for Chemists 30 40 CH-415 (Marks: 500) Internal Total Assessment of House Test 20 100 20...

...MARKETING OF YOGA: A STUDY OF ‘PATANJALI YOG ASHRAM’ IN BRINGING ABOUT THE PRANAYAM REVOLUTION
ABSTRACT:
The research paper is based on studying various marketing strategies put in place by ‘Pitanjali Yog Ashram’ led by ‘Swami Ramdev’ in bringing about the ‘Pranayam Revolution’. ‘Pitanjali Yog Ashram’ removed the veil of darkness; and the mystery of Pranayam is unfolding itself to the common masses not just in India but across the globe. No one can help admiring the simplicity of the techniques for practicing the different ‘Pranayam’ which were there in text books for long time but, not everyone did have access to it for the techniques of practicing them as they were very complex. There were also some words of caution attached to such instructions, as ‘any deviation from the practicing techniques would cause immense harm to a person’. But the ‘Pitanjali Yog Ashram’ has done a tremendous job in breaking this concept of fear in masses by presenting it by adopting various marketing strategies for the welfare of the mankind and at the same time fulfilling his dream project of setting up ‘Pitanjali Yog Ashram’. The paper studies the application of those strategies by ‘Pitanjali’ in selling the concept of ‘Yoga’ to the masses. The paper also brings forth the innovative marketing techniques being deployed by the Swami to develop ‘Yoga’ as a product.
Keywords: Yoga, Swami Ramdev, Pranayam Revolution,...

...Effect of Aquaponics system on yield of Polyhouse
cucumber (Multistar Variety)
Ranajeet Shanbhag, Vigyan Ashram, Pabal Dist.Pune , e-mail : Ranajeetpallavi@gmail.com
Abstract:
A Vigyan ashram, in India, is exploring aquaponics agriculture in Indian conditions mainly to increase
productivity of agriculture per unit area of land with less water. An experimental study was conducted
to study “Effect of Aquaponics on polyhouse cucumber cultivation” during Feb - May 2013 in Vigyan
ashram, Pabal. Trial showed that aquaponics treatment produced 18.25 %, more yield over control
treatment. This was observed that aquaponics treatment produced higher average number of fruits per
plant as compare to control plot. Fish growth in the system was satisfactory with 25 gm weight gain per
month. This experiment showed the potential of aquaponics system in India. It also brings out some
more research issues viz selection of proper soil media in aquaponics, meeting nutrient deficiency from
organic source, deciding water flow rate for different crops etc that need to work on.
Key words: Aquponics , polyhouse cultivation, Ammonia(NH4) , Nitrite(NO2) , Nitrate(NO3).
Introduction:
Aquaponics is, farming technique in which water from aquaculture is used to grow crops and extra
water returns back to the fish tank. When this water circulated near root zone, nitrogen fixing bacteria
(manly nitrosomonas and nitrobactor) convert ammonia (NH4)...

...﻿INTRODUCTION
like a circle, a tour represents a journey that is a round trip, i.e., the act of leaving and then returning to the original starting point, and therefore, one who takes such a journey can be called a tourist. Over the decades, tourism has experienced continued growth and deepening ?diversification to become one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. Tourism has become a thriving global industry with the power to shape developing countries in both positive and negative ways. No doubt it has become the fourth largest industry in the global economy.
Similarly, in developing countries like India tourism has become one of the major sectors of the economy, contributing to a large proportion of the National Income and generating huge employment opportunities. It has become the fastest growing service industry in the country with great potentials for its further expansion and diversification.
FEATURES OF TOURISM IN INDIA
Today tourism is the largest service industry in India, with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDP and providing 8.78% of the total employment. India witnesses more than 5 million annual foreign tourist arrivals and 562 million domestic tourism visits. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the development and promotion of tourism in India and maintains the...

...
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, including household sewage and runoff (effluents). It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). With suitable technology, it is possible to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water, although this is usually only done in places with limited water supplies, such as Windhoek and SingaporeHistory
The Great Stink of 1858 stimulated research into the problem of sewage treatment. In this caricature in The Times, Michael Faraday reports to Father Thames on the state of the river.
Basic sewer systems were used for waste removal in ancient Mesopotamia, where vertical shafts carried the waste away into cesspools. Similar systems existed in the Indus Valley civilization in modern day India and in Ancient Crete and Greece. In the Middle Ages the sewer systems built by the Romans fell into disuse and waste was collected into cesspools that were periodically emptied by workers known as 'rakers' who would often sell it as fertilizer to farmers outside the city.
Modern sewage systems were first built in the mid-nineteenth century as a reaction to the exacerbation of sanitary conditions brought on by heavy industrialization and urbanization. Due to the...