Role of Agricultural Sector in Harnessing Renewable Energy

The continuous rise in fossil energy prices, combined with climate change concerns and progress in renewable energy sector, has catalyzed interest in clean energy systems across the MENA region, especially in the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean region has abundant renewable resources, such as wind, solar, and biomass, which makes it a fertile zone for renewable energy developments.

The agricultural sector has played a key role in the progress of renewable energy sector around the world as it provides large areas where renewable energy projects are built and is also the predominant feedstock source for biomass energy projects. For example, agricultural sector accounts for one-fifth of the total installed PV capacity in Germany.

The main objective of this article is to explore the role that Mediterranean agricultural sector can play in tapping tremendous renewable energy potential available across the region.

Wind Energy

In countries where there is a lack of available land to build wind turbines, the agricultural sector is playing a key role by providing enough spaces. For instance, in Denmark farmer cooperatives are diversifying their incomes by investing in wind energy. Almost a quarter of wind energy sourced from wind turbines are owned by the Danish farmers. The same trend is taking place in Germany where farmers have established private companies to develop wind energy projects. Wind farms can be built in farms without any harmful impact on agricultural activities.

Wind energy potential is abundant across the Mediterranean region due to geographical location marked by a long coastline. The integration of wind energy projects in the agricultural sector is an interesting economic opportunity for agricultural enterprises in the region. However, as wind energy projects demand heavy capital, there is a need to mobilize funds to develop such projects.

In addition, there is need to create attractive financing mechanisms for farmers and to build their capacities in developing and managing wind projects. The development of wind energy projects owned by farmers will help them to have an extra revenue stream. It will also lead to decentralization of electricity production, which will not only reduce transmission losses but also decrease reliance on the national grid.

Solar Energy

The Mediterranean region receives one of the highest solar radiation in the world. Large availability of unexploited lands in the region, especially in the Eastern and Southern countries, makes solar energy systems, especially photovoltaics an attractive proposition for regional countries. Agricultural farms in the Mediterranean region can use PV systems for domestic as well as commercial power generation. In addition, there are a handful of applications in agricultural sector such as water pumping and irrigation.

Off-grid photovoltaic systems ensure a reliable and completely autonomous water supply at low cost – without fuel-powered generators, battery systems or long power lines. Solar energy can make irrigation independent of grid power. Low-pressure drip irrigation systems can be operated with any photovoltaic-powered pump, making them ideal for areas not connected to the grid. Photovoltaic projects require low capital investment and can be developed at small-to-medium scales.

Biomass Energy

A variety of fuels can be produced from agricultural biomass resources including liquid fuels, such as ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels, such as biogas, methane, hydrogen and methane. The agricultural resources include animal manure and crop residues derived primarily from maize, corn and small grains. A variety of regionally significant crops, such as cotton, sugarcane, rice, and fruit and nut orchards can also be a source of crop residues.

Globally, biofuels are most commonly used to power vehicles, heat homes, and for cooking. Biofuels are generally considered as offering many priorities, including sustainability, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, regional development, rural development, social structure and agriculture, and security of supply.

One of the species that is cultivated and exploited for these purposes is Jatropha curcas which is widely cultivated in Brazil and India for producing biodiesel. Jatropha can be successfully grown in arid regions of the Mediterranean for biodiesel production. These energy crops are highly useful in preventing soil erosion and shifting of sand-dunes. Infact, Jatropha is already grown at limited scale in some Middle East countries, especially Egypt, and tremendous potential exists for its commercial exploitation.

Conclusion

The time has come for industries in the Mediterranean region, especially the agricultural sector, to undertake the shift necessary to contribute to sustainable development of the MENA region by making the best use of latest technological developments in renewable energy sector.

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About El Mostafa Jamea

El Mostafa Jamea is currently working as Senior Expert – Renewable Energy, Climate Change and Social and Environmental Compliance, Associate at German ProfEC GmbH. He has previously worked in a Germany company as Analyst for MENA and Italy on international development, climate change and environment. He has also worked as a researcher on sustainability, environment, resources management, renewable energy etc. He graduated in Engineering and holds PhD in sustainable management of resources from the Italian Polytechnic University of Marche.

4 Responses to Role of Agricultural Sector in Harnessing Renewable Energy

Very intersting article for the mediteraen region, there is a big biomass potential in energy recovery such as biogas from co-digestion of manures with organic fraction of municipal waste or with agroindustrial waste, sewage-sludge. But one should think about the centralised anaerobic digestion plant for sites in which there is feedstocks disponibility for economic feasabilty ( the distance should not exceds 20km raduis). Note Ms Mustapha Jamea is also member of moroccan network on biogas-biomass
Regards
Prof. Dr. Hassan El BARI
President of Moroccan Association of Solid Waste ( AMADES-MOROCCO)amades_morocco@yahoo.fr

Thanks Prof. El Bari for your kind comment.
It is a pleasure to be a member of the Moroccan Network on biogas-biomass. I appreciate very much the work our network is doing in order to develop bio-energy in Morocco, as an essential part of the renewable energy mix that the country should develop, and as well as the work our network is carrying in terms of knowledge and know-how transfer.
El Mostafa Jamea (Dr)drm.jamea@german-profec.com

We should also consider the possibility of using woody biomasses, such as the pruning of Mediterranean crops such as almond, olive and all fruit trees, to produce electricity and heat (cogeneration) through pyrogasification. Furthermore, this practice provides an excellent soil improver, the biochar.

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