In 1972, Japanese physicists Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa explained broken symmetry within the framework of the standard model of physics, but extended the model to include families of hypothetical new quarks. It took decades for research to confirm their hypothetical quarks, but their proposed CP violation (breaking the combined conservation laws associated with charge conjugation and parity) have since been confirmed virtually as Kobayashi and Maskawa had foreseen. Both men were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008, sharing the honor with the father of spontaneous broken symmetry, Yoichiro Nambu. Kobayashi's advanced theories were largely proven at his workplace, the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) facility in Tsukuba, Japan, home to two major accelerators, two colliders, and an accelerator test facility.