What is the most effective way to promote better labor and environmental protection standards in developing countries? Mathias Koenig-Archibugi and Kate Macdonald examine one tool — transnational non-state governance arrangements, or NGAs. Not all NGAs are alike, and not all NGA interventions are appreciated by their intended beneficiaries. Koenig-Archibugi and Macdonald attribute this variation in effectiveness to differences in NGA accountability structures. NGAs that don’t have direct accountability to those most affected by their decisions seem less likely to behave in ways that “live up to the hopes and expectations of intended beneficiaries.” Read the article.