10 EFFECTIVE PREPARATIONS Contingency planning including animal welfare Training in advance (key staff) Engagement with stakeholders in advance List of key experts and team members required To some extend people who have other jobs and duties will need to be requested to be available for immediate engagement at very short notice

11 HUMAN FACTOR IN HANDLING Sufficient number of staff Staff availability from beginning till end of the operation Variety of skills Welfare implications of lack of staff with required skills are poor performance, stress, and rough handling resulting in animal panicking, baulking and sometimes suffocating

13 HANDLING Handlers are experienced and well trained They understand the behaviour patterns of animals and the underlying principles necessary to carry out their tasks. Under no circumstances should animal handlers : - crush or break tails of animals - grasp their eyes or pull, lift or drag them by the ears and body parts such as their tail, head, neck, horns, limbs, wool, hair or feathers - Throw, drag or drop animals

16 LIMITS AND CRITERIA approach and method of choice according to: species category of animals i.e. - pig finishing unit - breeding unit - old sows and boars right down to day old piglets. location and terrain (transport of equipment) isolated outbreak or multiple outbreaks commercial farming or backyard or mixture of both infrastructure available

17 HUMANE KILLING Humane killing is carried out as soon as it is required/possible Method of choice should - minimise animal fear, suffering, pain and distress - cause instantaneous death - or instantaneous loss of consciousness that lasts until death - if the loss of consciousness or death is not immediate, induction must be non aversive

18 USE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT- ELECTROCUTION Method of first choice in the field

19 USE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT - VIDEO

20 USE World OF Society for ELECTRIC the Protection of Animals CURRENT IN SOME COUNTRIES Smaller countries with few outbreaks e.g. Sweden - Use of manual application (work intensive but animal welfare friendly) Larger countries e.g. France, Spain - Use of automatic electrical mobile systems (large numbers of animals destroyed (certain animal welfare concerns reported) Other countries e.g. Germany, Slovakia - Use of multiple electrical tongs applied manually in adult pigs plus use of controlled gas systems when killing piglets

21 MOBILE TRAILER UNIT World Society for the Protection of Animals Recommended to use only in larger animals over 30 kg

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23 ELECTROCUTION USED IN ADULT PIGS ALONGSIDE WITH GAS UNIT FOR KILLING PIGLETS

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25 NEW DEVELOPMENTS (2011) World Society for the Protection of Animals

26 NEW DEVELOPMENTS

27 USE OF CAPTIVE BOLT GUN World Society for the Protection of Animals

28 USE OF CAPTIVE BOLT Penetrating captive bolt should be used only in combination with pithing. Can be used in cattle sheep and pigs Should not be used in neonates Non penetrating captive bolt Can be used in neonates only Bleeding should be performed as soon as possible BIOSECURITY!!!!!!

30 ATTRIBUTES OF INEFFECTIVE STUNNING Animal does not collapse It has eyes rolled out Nystagmus can be observed shaking of eyes Rhythmic breathing can be observed Standing kicking or escape behaviour In such a situation animal must be re - stunned immediately again

31 CAPTIVE BOLT USE FOLLOWED BY PITHING- VIDEO

32 FREE BULLET rifle, shotgun, humane killer

33 FREE BULLET USE - VIDEO

34 MONITORING OF DEATH

35 ROLE OF VETERINARIANS - Understanding good practice and critical performance points ( e.g handling immediate loss of consciousness, signs of good stun, signs of death) - Supervision and control of welfare and standards on site. Vets have to lead by example but accept they might not have the practical skills of professional slaughter crews and animal handlers