The history of Probation work in Kenya dates back to the colonial period when a committee appointed by the colonial government in 1941 to consider the introduction of a proabtion system was formed; to deal with the increasing prison and detention camp population.

The following year, in 1942, a report was published recommending the institution of a Probation system in Kenya starting with the Nairobi region.

In 1943, the first Probation Ordinance was promulgated, but it was not until 1946 that the Probation function commenced. The development of Probation work went through many phases as it was influnced by developments during the colonial and post-colonial period in Kenya.

At first, the Probation function supervised women and children who had been placed on Probation for committing minor offences in Nairobi region only. However, with time the function of the Service increased as extensive use of non-custodial measures were encouraged.

Probation and Aftercare Service, currenlty provides its functions countrywide. It has its presence in all fourty seven counties and has its headquarters in Nairobi City. The workforce of Probation Officers constitute graduates with a background in law, sociology, criminology, social work, psychology and among other related social science disciplines.