No, panics cannot be detected by clippy. You can look for common sources of panics, such as indexing, Option/Result::unwrap/expect or other functions like it, but there is not a surefire way to detect panics. You can grep through your code for panic/unreachable/unimplemented but that’s about all.
If your code does panic, you can set the RUST_BACKTRACE enviornment variable to 1, and that will give you back traces for your panics.