Acqua Vergine: The Solution to Rome's Water Challenges

Previous to 273, when the 1st elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was constructed in Roma, citizens who dwelled on hills had to travel further down to get their water from natural sources.
Outside of these aqueducts and springs, wells and rainwater-collecting cisterns were the sole technologies readily available at the time to supply water to spots of higher elevation.
To offer water to Pincian Hill in the early 16th century, they applied the brand-new strategy of redirecting the flow from the Acqua Vergine aqueduct’s underground network.
Spanning the length of the aqueduct’s route were pozzi, or manholes, that gave entry.
During the roughly 9 years he had the residence, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi employed these manholes to take water from the network in buckets, though they were previously built for the objective of cleaning and servicing the aqueduct.
Apparently, the rainwater cistern on his property wasn’t good enough to meet his needs.
Through an orifice to the aqueduct that ran underneath his property, he was set to reach his water demands.

Your Garden Can Benefit from Feng Shui

When applied to your yard, feng shui design will draw its healthful energy into your home as well.

Size is not the main consideration when adding feng shui design to your garden.
It is terrific to have a huge space to work with, but do not worry if the area is small since you can still introduce feng shui design.

The same tools you employ to introduce feng shui design into your house can be used in the garden.
In order to understand the energy map, or bagua, of your garden, you will first want to know your home’s bagua.

There are five elements in feng shui theory, and you should learn how to utilize each of them to intensify the energy.

The Earth element, for example, should be located in the northeast part of your garden which connects to the personal growth and self-cultivation energy in feng shui design.
Since rocks epitomize the Earth element in feng shui, you might give some thought to putting some into a peaceful Zen garden in the northeast corner of your yard.

Think about introducing a water feature into these feng shui areas: East (health & family), North (career & path in life), or Southeast (money and abundance).

Bernini's First Masterpieces

Bernini's earliest fountain, named Barcaccia, is a masterful work of art found at the bottom of the Trinita dei Monti in Piaza di Spagna.

This area continues to be filled with Roman locals and visitors who enjoy exchanging gossip or going over the day's news.
Today, the city streets surrounding Bernini's fountain are a trendy area where people go to meet, something which the artist would have been pleased to learn.
Dating back to around 1630, Pope Urbano VIII commissioned what was to be the earliest water fountain of the master's career.
People can now see the fountain as a depiction of a great ship gradually sinking into the Mediterranean.
Period writings dating back to the 16th century indicate that the fountain was constructed as a monument to those who lost their lives in the great flooding of the Tevere.
In 1665, France was graced by Bernini's one-and-only prolonged journey outside of Italy.

Choosing the Best Material for your Wall Water Fountain

Choosing the ideal material for your wall mounted fountain is completely up to you.
Fiberglass is perfect for situations in which you need a durable, lightweight, weather resistant material.
One of the added advantages of this type of fountain is that it is easy to transport and does not need a large vehicle to deliver it.

Even though a large part of them are made of metal, including copper, other excellent materials include stone, clay, and wood.
Copper has become a much sought-after raw material which has brought about a rise in price, but this material remains the best choice for your fountain.
Cast stone is the best material to craft the ideal wall fountain in a style resembling the typical Mediterranean look found in Italy, Spain, and France.
These extremely durable molded features made of cast stone concrete are perfect if you need to place the fountain on the floor against a wall.
Made in the USA due to high shipping costs, they are generally available in a variety of hues.

Splash Fountains: Have Fun Splashing Around!

People see splash fountains, or bathing fountains, as a great way to freshen up on days when it is very hot outside.
For this reason, they are also called interactive fountains.
Planned for easy access, these fountains include nonslip surfaces, no standing water to prevent drowning risks, therefore requiring no lifeguard supervision.
These splash areas, or “spraygrounds”, are generally seen in neighborhood pools, public parks or public playgrounds.
Splash fountains like the one found in Dundas Square in Toronto, Canada, absorb the solar power from the specially made dark granite slabs.
This remarkable fountain boasts 30 groups of 3 rows of 10 spigots for a total of 600 ground nozzles.
Groupings of 30 nozzles are placed directly beneath a stainless-steel grille.

In the principal walkway through Dundas Square you will see the 20 grilles made up of 2 rows of 10.

Anglo-Saxon Grounds at the Time of the Norman Conquest

Anglo-Saxons encountered great modifications to their daily lives in the latter half of the eleventh century due to the accession of the Normans.
At the time of the conquest, the Normans surpassed the Anglo-Saxons in building design and cultivation.
Still, home life, household architecture, and decoration were out of the question until the Normans taken over the rest of the populace.
Castles were more standard constructions and often built on blustery hills, where their people spent both time and space to exercising offense and defense, while monasteries were large stone buildings, mostly positioned in the widest, most fertile hollows.
Gardening, a peaceful occupation, was impracticable in these fruitless fortifications.
Berkeley Castle, potentially the most pristine style of the early Anglo-Norman style of architecture, still exists now.
The keep is reported to have been invented during the time of William the Conqueror.
A massive terrace serves as a deterrent to intruders who would attempt to mine the walls of the building.
A picturesque bowling green, covered in grass and enclosed by battlements clipped out of an ancient yew hedge, creates one of the terraces.

Ancient Garden Fountain Artists

Multi-talented people, fountain artists from the 16th to the late 18th century often worked as architects, sculptors, artists, engineers and highly educated scholars all in one.
Leonardo da Vinci, a Renaissance artist, was celebrated as a creative genius, inventor and scientific expert.
The forces of nature led him to analyze the properties and movement of water, and due to his curiosity, he carefully documented his ideas in his now renowned notebooks.
Transforming private villa configurations into innovative water displays complete of symbolic meaning and natural wonder, early Italian water feature designers fused resourcefulness with hydraulic and gardening expertise.
The splendors in Tivoli were provided by the humanist Pirro Ligorio, who was renowned for his capabilities in archeology, architecture and garden design.
For the various mansions close to Florence, other fountain engineers were well versed in humanist themes as well as ancient scientific texts, masterminding the extraordinary water marbles, water highlights and water humor.

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