The project focuses on the paleo-ecological reconstitution of a fossil forest environment found on a plateau on the southwest part of Bylot Island, in the Canadian Arctic. The objectives were 1) to describe the chrono-stratigraphy of the site; 2) to establish a list and the succession of different pollen taxa found in organic and inorganic fossil units of the site; 3) to estimate their age and 4) to infer the past climatic conditions of the site.
Several stratigraphic cuts were excavated and sampled for stratigraphic, paleomagnetic and pollen analyses. Also, a differential GPS was used to characterise the stratigraphic units associated with the organic fossil units at a small and large scale.
Results of the granulometric analysis suggest the following deposition sequence starting from a depression in the bedrock (tertiary shale): 1) a glacial diamicton with local clasts; 2) a silty sediment of glacio-lacustrine origin; 3) an organic peat unit; 4) an alluvial type unit; 5) a fluvio-glacial sediment and 6) a glacial diamicton of allochtone origin. The pollen analyses suggest vegetation similar to that of the current tree-line limit, situated about 2000 km south of the site. The climatic conditions were warmer and more humid, allowing the local growth of pines (Pinus type strobus and banksiana), spruce (Picea cf. mariana), alder (Alnus type crispa and incana) and larch (Larix, undifferentiated). Paleomagnetic analyses and the presence of extinct species finally suggest an age for the organic fossil deposits of between 2,14 and 2,15 My or most likely between 2,581 and 3,040 My.