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Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.QueryException: could not resolve property: parent of: com.dao.Parent
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractPropertyMapping.throwPropertyException(AbstractPropertyMapping.java:43)
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractPropertyMapping.toType(AbstractPropertyMapping.java:37)
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.getSubclassPropertyTableNumber(AbstractEntityPersister.java:1282)
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.BasicEntityPropertyMapping.toColumns(BasicEntityPropertyMapping.java:31)
at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.toColumns(AbstractEntityPersister.java:1257)
at org.hibernate.loader.criteria.CriteriaQueryTranslator.getColumns(CriteriaQueryTranslator.java:433)
at org.hibernate.loader.criteria.CriteriaQueryTranslator.getColumnsUsingProjection(CriteriaQueryTranslator.java:393)
at org.hibernate.criterion.SimpleExpression.toSqlString(SimpleExpression.java:45)
at org.hibernate.loader.criteria.CriteriaQueryTranslator.getWhereCondition(CriteriaQueryTranslator.java:333)
at org.hibernate.loader.criteria.CriteriaJoinWalker.<init>(CriteriaJoinWalker.java:82)
at org.hibernate.loader.criteria.CriteriaLoader.<init>(CriteriaLoader.java:67)

1. Firstly you it is advisable to add your "childs" as a SET in your parent entity - something like this in the parent hbm file
....
<set name="children">
<key column="PID"/>
<one-to-many class="com.dao.Child"/>
</set>
....

Do you mean to say that with Hibernate.initialize , your code fails - i.e; throws some kind of Hibernate Exception ?

Hibernate.initialize() initializes the entities on demand and not beforehand, thus improving performance.
If you had specified lazy="false" in your hbm file, hibernate would load all the objects in the object graph and that would consume memory but accords the client, the luxury to use any of the objects at its whim. On the other hand, specifying lazy="true", postpones loading of the entity until actually it is needed (by specifying Hibernate.initialize()) and thus economizes on memory. But on the flip-side, the clinet should be careful to use only those objects in the graph that have been initialized.

select parent0_.PID as PID0_0_, parent0_.PNAME as PNAME0_0_ from PARENT parent0_ where parent0_.PID=?

select childs0_.PID as PID1_, childs0_.CID as CID1_, childs0_.CID as CID1_0_, childs0_.PID as PID1_0_, childs0_.FIRSTNAME as FIRSTNAME1_0_, childs0_.LASTNAME as LASTNAME1_0_ from CHILD childs0_ where childs0_.PID=?

The choice should be on the requirement. Load is useful when you are querying via PRIMARY KEY and when you are damn sure that it will result in only one record.
Criteria is mainly used for SEARCHING and as mnrz has maintained, additional search attributes can be added or removed as you like. Criteria is the Object oriented way of dealing with DB search. However, Criteria is restricted in certain aspects - like you cannot specify SQL functions and limited flexibility with joins.

To summarize:
1.If you want to load only one record based on primary key go for load or get
2.If you want to search and are expecting multiple outputs, then opt for Criteria or HQL
The choice between Criteria and HQL should be based on flexibility in terms of using advanced SQL features (HQL) and using Object oriented way of searching

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