Once you have downloaded and verified the PC-BSD file, you will need to burn it to the correct media. This section demonstrates how to do so using several different applications and operating systems. It assumes that you have downloaded the correct ISO file for your media (CD or DVD), that your CD or DVD reader is capable of burning, and that you have inserted a blank or rewritable disk into the burner.

+

−

===Burning the CD/DVD ISO File on Windows===

+

<!--T:1-->

+

{{UseTOC{{putVers}}|Nav}}</noinclude>

−

Several burning applications are available for Windows. This section will demonstrate how to use Windows 7's Disc Image Burner, ImgBurn, and InfraRecorder.

+

<!--T:2-->

−

+

Once you have downloaded PC-BSD® and verified its checksum, burn the file to the correct media type. This section demonstrates how to do so using several different applications and operating systems. Each application assumes that the correct media (CD, DVD, or USB flash drive) for the type of file is inserted.

−

====Windows 7 Disc Image Burner====

+

−

+

−

Windows 7 has built-in support for writing ISO images to disc. Right-click on the .iso file in Windows Explorer and select Open with ➜ Windows Disc Image Burner to open the screen shown in Figure 2.7.1a. Click "Burn" to write the disc. See the Microsoft article [http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Burn-a-CD-or-DVD-from-an-ISO-file Burn a CD or DVD from an ISO file]<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Burn-a-CD-or-DVD-from-an-ISO-file</ref> for more detailed instructions.

+

−

+

−

'''Figure 2.7.1a: Windows Disc Image Burner'''

+

−

+

−

[[File:Windows7discburner.jpeg]]

+

−

+

−

====ImgBurn====

+

−

+

−

[http://www.imgburn.com/ ImgBurn]<ref>http://www.imgburn.com/</ref> is an easy to use image burner for Windows that is available for free download. After installing and launching ImgBurn, select "Write image file to disk" from the main menu, seen in Figure 2.7.1b:

+

−

+

−

'''Figure 2.7.1b: Initial ImgBurn Screen'''

+

−

+

−

[[File:Imgburn1a.png]]

+

−

+

−

You can then use File ➜ Browse for a source file... to select the ''.iso'' file to burn; once selected, your screen should look similar to Figure 2.7.1c. Click the Write icon in the lower left corner to begin the burn.

ImgBurn will provide a status bar to indicate the progress of the burn. When it is finished, ImgBurn will eject the burner tray then reclose it in order to verify the burn. If the tray does not return itself, which may occur on a laptop, push the tray back in if you wish to verify the burn.

+

−

+

−

====InfraRecorder====

+

−

+

−

[http://infrarecorder.org/ InfraRecorder]<ref>http://infrarecorder.org/</ref> is an open source burning application for both CDs and DVDs. Once installed, open InfraRecorder and click on the "Write Image" button shown in Figure 2.7.1d:

+

−

+

−

'''Figure 2.7.1d: Initial InfraRecorder Screen'''

+

−

+

−

[[File:Pic1.png]]

+

−

+

−

InfraRecorder will display a screen where you can browse to the location of the PC-BSD image. Once selected, you will be presented with an options screen shown in Figure 2.7.1e:

+

−

+

−

'''Figure 2.7.1e: Burn Options in InfraRecorder'''

+

−

+

−

[[File:Infrarecorder1.jpeg]]

+

−

+

−

You can accept the defaults and click OK to start the burn. When finished, the burner tray will open and a dialog box will appear indicating that the burning process has finished.

+

−

===Burning the CD/DVD ISO File on a BSD or Linux System===

+

=== Burning the CD/DVD ISO File on a BSD or Linux System === <!--T:3-->

+

<!--T:4-->

This section demonstrates how to burn the installation ISO on a Linux or BSD system using the following tools: K3B, Brasero, and '''growisofs'''.

This section demonstrates how to burn the installation ISO on a Linux or BSD system using the following tools: K3B, Brasero, and '''growisofs'''.

−

====K3B====

+

==== K3B ==== <!--T:5-->

−

+

−

The KDE desktop environment provides the [http://k3b.plainblack.com/ K3B]<ref>http://k3b.plainblack.com/</ref> burning application. K3B has a similar interface to burning software found on Windows and is equally easy to use.

+

−

'''NOTE:''' depending upon your Linux distribution, K3B may or may not be included with the installation of KDE. If it does not appear in the KDE application launcher, you should be able to install it using your operating system's software management system. On a FreeBSD system, you can install the K3B package. If you are running an older version of KDE, use the '''pkg_add -r k3b''' command. If you are running KDE4, use the '''pkg_add -r k3b-kde4''' command instead. On a PC-BSD system, you can install the K3B PBI using [[Using AppCafe®]].

+

<!--T:6-->

+

{{citelink|url=http://www.kde.org/applications/multimedia/k3b/|txt=K3B}} is an easy-to-use graphical burning application for Linux and BSD systems. On a PC-BSD® system, it is installed with the KDE desktop. You can also install the K3B PBI using [[AppCafe®]].

Click the "Start" button to burn the file. K3B will automatically eject the media once the burn is complete.

−

A new window, seen in Figure 2.7.2b, will launch. Click the blue folder to browse to the location of your .iso file.

+

==== Brasero ==== <!--T:10-->

−

'''Figure 2.7.2b: K3B's Burn Image Screen'''

+

<!--T:11-->

+

{{citelink|url=http://projects.gnome.org/brasero/|txt=Brasero}} is an easy to use burning application included with the {{local|link=GNOME2|GNOME desktop}}. A PBI is also available within {{Local|link=AppCafe®}}. To launch Brasero within GNOME, click ''Applications'' ➜ ''Multimedia'' ➜ ''Brasero Disk Burner'' and the dialog window shown in Figure 2.5h will be displayed. Alternately, type '''brasero''' from within any window manager.

−

[[File:K3b2b.jpeg]]

+

<!--T:12-->

+

Click ''Burn image'' to open the screen seen in Figure 2.5i. Use the ''Click here to select a disk image'' button to select your ''.iso'' file.

−

Once your file is listed, click the "Start" button. K3B will automatically eject the media once the burn is complete.

The name and size of your ''.iso'' file should appear and Brasero will indicate the size of the media. The lower portion of Figure 2.5i shows the menu that appears if you click on the "Properties" button. You can change these options if you wish, but the default settings are fine in most cases. When you are ready, click the "Burn" button and Brasero will burn your ISO.

−

[http://projects.gnome.org/brasero/ Brasero]<ref>http://projects.gnome.org/brasero/</ref> is an easy to use burning application included with the GNOME desktop. A PBI is also available within [[Using AppCafe® | AppCafe®]]. To launch Brasero within GNOME, click Applications ➜ Multimedia ➜ Brasero Disk Burner and the dialog window shown in Figure 2.7.2c will be displayed.

+

==== Xfburn ==== <!--T:15-->

−

'''Figure 2.7.2c: Brasero's Initial Screen'''

+

<!--T:16-->

+

{{citelink|url=http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/applications/xfburn|txt=Xfburn}} is available to [[AppCafe®#Installing and Uninstalling PBI Software | install as PBI Software]] and is installed with {{local|link=XFCE4}}.<!-- Instructions had to be added here for 9.2 User Handbook.-->

−

[[File:Brasero1a.png]]

+

==== growisofs ==== <!--T:17-->

−

If you click on Burn image ➜ Click here to select a disk image, you will be able to select your ''.iso'' file. Once selected, click "Open" to return to the screen seen in Figure 2.7.2d:

+

<!--T:18-->

+

If you are familiar with using the command line on a FreeBSD or PC-BSD® system, you can use the '''growisofs''' command line utility to burn the DVD. This utility is included with the dvd+rw-tools FreeBSD port which is installed by default on a PC-BSD® system. If that software is not yet installed on a FreeBSD system, issue this command as the superuser:

−

'''Figure 2.7.2d: Viewing the Image to Burn and the DVD Hardware Properties Within Brasero'''

+

<!--T:19-->

+

{{txtbox|pre|box='''pkg_add -r dvd+rw-tools'''}}

−

[[File:Brasero2.jpeg]]

+

<!--T:20-->

+

Depending upon the type of DVD burner hardware, you may have to configure the system to use it. If the device is ATAPI (i.e. not USB or SCSI), the ATAPI driver must be loaded. The superuser can issue this command:

−

The name and size of your ''.iso'' file should appear and Brasero will indicate the size of the media. The lower portion of Figure 2.7.2d shows the menu that appears if you click on the Properties button. You can change these options if you wish, but it is fine to keep the default settings. When you are ready, click the "Burn" button and Brasero will burn your ISO.

+

<!--T:21-->

+

{{txtbox|pre|box='''kldload atapicam'''}}

−

====growisofs====

+

<!--T:22-->

+

If you just get your prompt back, the driver successfully loaded. If you get the message "kldload: cannot load atapicam: File exists", this means that the driver was already loaded. If the device is USB or SCSI, no additional drivers need to be loaded if you are running the generic FreeBSD kernel. After inserting the DVD media into the device, you can start the burn using this command:

−

If you are familiar with using the command line on a FreeBSD or PC-BSD system, you can use the '''growisofs''' command line utility to burn the DVD. This utility is included with the dvd+rw-tools FreeBSD port which is installed by default on a PC-BSD system. If that software is not yet installed on a FreeBSD system, issue this command as the superuser:

+

<!--T:23-->

+

{{txtbox|pre|box='''growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=PCBSD9.2-x64-DVD.iso'''}}

−

'''pkg_add -r dvd+rw-tools'''

+

<!--T:24-->

+

If your device is not the first CD device, change the number 0 accordingly. If your ISO has a different name, substitute the correct name in the command shown above.

−

Depending upon the type of DVD burner hardware, you may have to configure the system to use it. If the device is ATAPI (i.e. not USB or SCSI), the ATAPI driver must be loaded. The superuser can issue this command:

+

=== Burning the CD/DVD ISO File on a Mac&nbsp;OS&nbsp;X System === <!--T:25-->

−

'''kldload atapicam'''

+

<!--T:26-->

+

To burn the ISO on a Mac&nbsp;OS&nbsp;X system, go to "Finder ➜ Applications ➜ Utilities ➜ Disk Utility". With a blank media inserted into the burner, highlight the device representing the CD/DVD writer and click the "Burn" button. [[File:Mac1a.png|thumb|400px|'''Figure 2.5j: Using Disk Utility on Mac&nbsp;OS&nbsp;X''']] This will open up a browser where you can select the ISO to burn. In the example shown in Figure 2.5j, the DVD ISO has been selected and the device is a Sony DVD writer.

−

If you just get your prompt back, the driver successfully loaded. If you get the message "kldload: can't load atapicam: File exists", this means that the driver was already loaded. If the device is USB or SCSI, no additional drivers need to be loaded if you are running the generic FreeBSD kernel. After inserting the DVD media into the device, you can start the burn using this command:

+

<!--T:27-->

+

Once the ISO is highlighted, click the "Burn" button. A pop-up message will indicate that the device is ready to burn. Click "Burn" once more and "Disk Utility" will write the ISO to the CD/DVD media.

−

'''growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=PCBSD9.0-RELEASE-x86-DVD.iso'''

+

=== Burning the CD/DVD ISO File on a Windows System === <!--T:28-->

−

If your device is not the first CD device, change the number 0 accordingly. If your ISO has a different name, substitute the correct name in the command shown above.

+

<!--T:29-->

+

Several burning applications are available for Windows. This section will demonstrate how to use Windows 7's Disc Image Burner, ImgBurn, and InfraRecorder.

−

===Burning the CD/DVD ISO File on a Mac OSX System===

+

==== Windows 7 Disc Image Burner ==== <!--T:30-->

−

To burn the ISO on a Mac OSX system, go to Finder ➜ Applications ➜ Utilities ➜ Disk Utility. With a blank media inserted into the burner, highlight the device representing the CD/DVD writer and click the Burn button. This will open up a browser where you can select the ISO that you with to burn. In the example shown in Figure 2.7.3a, the DVD ISO has been selected and the device is a Sony DVD writer.

+

<!--T:31-->

+

Windows 7 has built-in support for writing ISO images to disc. Right-click on the ''.iso'' file in Windows Explorer and select "Open with ➜ Windows Disc Image Burner" to open the screen shown in Figure 2.5a. Click "Burn" to write the disc. See the Microsoft article {{citelink|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Burn-a-CD-or-DVD-from-an-ISO-file|txt=Burn a CD or DVD from an ISO file}} for more detailed instructions.

Once the ISO is highlighted, click the Burn button. A pop-up message will indicate that the device is ready to burn. Click burn once more and Disk Utility will write the ISO to the CD/DVD media.

+

<!--T:34-->

+

{{citelink|url=http://www.imgburn.com/|txt=ImgBurn}} is an easy to use ISO burner for Windows that is available for free download. After installing and launching ImgBurn, select "Write image file to disk" from the main menu, seen in Figure 2.5b:

−

===Creating a Bootable USB from an ISO using UNetbootin===

+

<!--T:35-->

+

You can then use File ➜ Browse for a source file... to select the ''.iso'' file to burn; once selected, your screen should look similar to Figure 2.5c. Click the Write icon in the lower left corner to begin the burn.

−

CURRENTLY DOES NOT WORK -- RETEST WITH http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=9853

+

<!--T:36-->

+

[[File:Imgburn2c.PNG|thumb|400px|'''Figure 2.5c: Selecting the Source and Destination in ImgBurn''']]

−

[http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ UNetbootin]<ref>http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/</ref> is a utility that converts an ISO to a bootable USB. This ability is handy if you don't have a CD/DVD device and prefer to use a graphical utility to manipulate an ISO rather than the command line '''dd''' utility to burn an .img file. To use UNetbootin you will need to download a PC-BSD ISO file (CD or DVD) and a USB thumb drive large enough to hold that file.

+

<!--T:37-->

+

ImgBurn will provide a status bar to indicate the progress of the burn. When it is finished, ImgBurn will eject the burner tray then reclose it in order to verify the burn. If the tray does not return itself, which may occur on a laptop, push the tray back in if you wish to verify the burn.

−

UNetbootin downloads are available for Windows, Mac OSX, and Linux. This section demonstrates how to create a bootable USB using a Windows 7 system.

+

==== InfraRecorder ==== <!--T:38-->

−

After downloading and launching UNetbootin, you should see the screen shown in Figure 2.7.4a.

+

<!--T:39-->

+

{{citelink|url=http://infrarecorder.org/|txt=InfraRecorder}} is an open source burning application for both CDs and DVDs. Once installed, open InfraRecorder and click on the "Write Image" button shown in Figure 2.5d:

InfraRecorder will display a screen where you can browse to the location of the ''.iso'' file. Once selected, you will be presented with an options screen shown in Figure 2.5e:

−

In the Diskimage section, use the ... browse button to locate the ISO that you downloaded. Insert the USB thumb drive and ensure that the drive letter for the USB thumb drive is the same as the one shown in Windows Explorer. Click the OK button to extract and copy the files to the thumb drive. The application will tell you when it is finished. You can now reboot the system with the USB thumb drive inserted to start the PC-BSD installer.

You can accept the defaults and click "OK" to start the burn. When finished, the burner tray will open and a dialog box will appear indicating that the burning process has finished.

−

http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unetbootin/wiki

+

=== Writing an IMG File to USB === <!--T:49-->

−

+

−

===Writing an IMG File to USB===

+

+

<!--T:50-->

To write an ''.img.bz2'' file you will need the following:

To write an ''.img.bz2'' file you will need the following:

−

* a utility that can extract bz2 zipped files

+

<!--T:51-->

+

* a utility that can extract ''.bz2'' zipped files

+

<!--T:52-->

* a utility that can write the image to a USB media; the utility that you use will depend upon your operating system

* a utility that can write the image to a USB media; the utility that you use will depend upon your operating system

−

* a USB thumb drive or hard drive large enough to hold the image.

+

<!--T:53-->

+

* a USB thumb drive or hard drive large enough to hold the image

−

Once the image is written, boot from the removable device and proceed with the [[Installing PC-BSD|installation]]. If you are using the boot-only image, you will also need to refer to the section [[Install PC-BSD Over a Network]] as this image requires an Internet connection to download the rest of the files needed to complete the installation of PC-BSD.

+

<!--T:54-->

+

Once the image is written, boot from the removable device and proceed with the {{local|link=Installing PC-BSD®|PC-BSD® installation}}.

−

'''NOTE:''' if the system does not boot from the removable device, check the boot order in your system BIOS.

+

<!--T:55-->

+

{{note|icon64= If there is a card reader on the system or used via USB dongle, the device enumeration may be affected. For example, with the USB card reader dongle as the destination for the image burn below, it would be ''/dev/da1'' instead of ''/dev/da0''.}}

−

====Writing the IMG File on a Linux or BSD System====

+

==== Writing the IMG File on a BSD or Linux System ==== <!--T:56-->

+

<!--T:57-->

If you selected to download an ''.img.bz2'' file instead of an ISO, you can write the image file to a flash card or removable USB drive using the '''bunzip2''' and '''dd''' command line utilities on a BSD or Linux system. On a FreeBSD system, the superuser can use these commands to extract the specified image and write it to the first plugged in USB device:

If you selected to download an ''.img.bz2'' file instead of an ISO, you can write the image file to a flash card or removable USB drive using the '''bunzip2''' and '''dd''' command line utilities on a BSD or Linux system. On a FreeBSD system, the superuser can use these commands to extract the specified image and write it to the first plugged in USB device:

* '''if=''' refers to the input file to be written; it should end with an ''.img'' extension

* '''if=''' refers to the input file to be written; it should end with an ''.img'' extension

+

<!--T:61-->

* '''of=''' refers to the output file (the device name of the flash card or removable USB drive); increment the number in the name if it is not the first USB device

* '''of=''' refers to the output file (the device name of the flash card or removable USB drive); increment the number in the name if it is not the first USB device

+

<!--T:62-->

* '''bs=''' refers to the block size

* '''bs=''' refers to the block size

+

<!--T:63-->

* '''conv=sync''' pads the final block so it is the specified block size

* '''conv=sync''' pads the final block so it is the specified block size

−

'''NOTE for Linux users:''' if you type '''mount''' with the USB stick inserted, you will see two or more device nodes corresponding to the USB stick. For example, ''/dev/sdc'' and ''/dev/sdc1'', where ''/dev/sdc1'' corresponds to the primary partition of the USB stick. Before using the '''dd''' command, ensure that the usb stick is first unmounted. When using the '''dd''' command, remember to use ''/dev/sdc'' (device node without the number) as the option for the output file '''of='''. Once the '''dd''' completes, you might not be able to mount the USB stick on Linux as Linux has very limited support for UFS, the BSD file system that gets created on the USB stick.

+

<!--T:64-->

+

{{note|width=46%|icon64='''Linux users:''' if you type '''mount''' with the USB stick inserted, you will see two or more device nodes corresponding to the USB stick. For example, ''/dev/sdc'' and ''/dev/sdc1'', where ''/dev/sdc1'' corresponds to the primary partition of the USB stick. Before using the '''dd''' command, ensure that the usb stick is first unmounted. When using the '''dd''' command, remember to use ''/dev/sdc'' (device node without the number) as the option for the output file '''<nowiki>of=</nowiki>'''. Once the '''dd''' completes, you might not be able to mount the USB stick on Linux, as Linux has very limited support for UFS (the BSD filesystem that gets created on the USB stick).}}

−

====Writing the IMG File on a Windows System====

+

==== Writing the IMG File on a Windows System ==== <!--T:72-->

−

To burn the image file on a Windows system, you can use [https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer win32-image-writer]. You'll also need a utility that can extract ''.bz2'' files such as [http://www.7-zip.org/ 7-Zip]<ref>http://www.7-zip.org/</ref>.

+

<!--T:73-->

+

To burn the image file on a Windows system, you can use {{citelink|url=https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer|txt=win32-image-writer}}. You will also need a utility that can extract ''.bz2'' files such as {{citelink|url=http://www.7-zip.org/|txt=7-Zip}}.

−

When downloading win32-image-writer, download the latest version that ends in ''-binary.zip'' and use a utility such as WinZip or 7zip to unzip the executable.

+

<!--T:74-->

+

When downloading win32-image-writer, download the latest version that ends in ''-binary.zip'' and use a utility such as Windows Explorer or 7zip to unzip the executable.

−

To extract the PC-BSD image file using 7-Zip, browse to the location containing your downloaded ''.img.bz2'' file, as seen in Figure 2.7.4a.

+

<!--T:75-->

+

To extract the PC-BSD® image file using 7-Zip, browse to the location containing your downloaded ''.img.bz2'' file, as seen in the example in Figure 2.5k.

−

'''Figure 2.7.4a: Using 7-Zip to Extract Image File'''

+

<!--T:76-->

+

Click the "Extract" button and browse to the location where you would like to save the extracted image. Once extracted, your image will end in ''.img'', and will be ready to be written to a USB device using the win32-image-writer application.

−

[[File:7zip.JPG]]

+

<!--T:77-->

+

If you launch '''win32-image-writer.exe''', it will start the "Win32 Disk Imager" utility, shown in Figure 2.5l. Use the "Browse" button to browse to the location of the .img file. Insert a USB thumb drive and select its drive letter (in this example, drive D). Click the "Write" button and the image will be written to the USB thumb drive.

−

Click the Extract button and browse to the location where you would like to save the extracted image. Once extracted, your image will end in ''.img'' and is now ready to be written to a USB device using the win32-image-writer application.

[[File:Image1.png|thumb|385px|'''Figure 2.5l: Using Win32 Disk Imager to Write the Image''']]

−

If you launch '''win32-image-writer.exe''', it will start the Win32 Disk Imager utility, shown in Figure 2.7.4b. Use the browse button to browse to the location of the .img file. Insert a USB thumb drive and select its drive letter (in this example, drive F). Click the Write button and the image will be written to the USB thumb drive.

+

==== Writing the IMG File on a Mac&nbsp;OS&nbsp;X System ==== <!--T:65-->

−

'''Figure 2.7.4b: Using Win32 Disk Imager to Write the Image'''

+

<!--T:66-->

+

To extract the ''.img.bz2'' file on a Mac system, use Finder to browse to the location of the file.

+

Double-click the file to extract it to the ''.img'' format. Finder will create a second file with the ''.img'' extension.

−

[[File:Image.jpeg]]

+

<!--T:68-->

+

To burn that ''.img'' file, insert a USB stick and open "Terminal". Run the '''diskutil list''' command to find out the device name of the USB disk, unmount the USB disk, then use '''dd''' to write the image to the raw disk (''rdisk''). In the following example, an 8GB USB stick has a device name of ''/dev/disk1'' and a raw device name of ''/dev/rdisk1''.

−

====Writing the IMG File on a Mac OSX System====

+

<!--T:69-->

+

{{txtbox|box='''diskutil list'''

+

/dev/disk0

+

{{nbsp}} #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER

+

{{nbsp}} 0: GUID_partition_scheme *500.1 GB disk0

+

{{nbsp}} 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1

+

{{nbsp}} 2: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD 499.2 GB disk0s2

+

{{nbsp}} 3: Apple_Boot Recovery HD 650.0 MB disk0s3

+

/dev/disk1

+

{{nbsp}} #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER

+

{{nbsp}} 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *8.0 GB disk1

+

{{nbsp}} 1: DOS_FAT_32 UNTITLED 8.0 GB disk1s1

−

To extract the ''.img.bz2'' file on a Mac system, use Finder to browse to the location of the file, as seen in Figure 2.7.4c.

Simply double-click the file to extract it to the ''.img'' format. Finder will create a second file with the ''.img'' extension.

+

−

+

−

To burn that ''.img'' file, insert a USB stick and open Terminal. Run the '''diskutil list''' command to find out the device name of the USB disk, unmount the USB disk, then use '''dd''' to write the image to the "raw" disk (''rdisk''). In the following example, an 8GB USB stick has a device name of ''/dev/disk1'' and a raw device name of ''/dev/rdisk1''.

Latest revision as of 20:24, 15 December 2013

Once you have downloaded PC-BSD® and verified its checksum, burn the file to the correct media type. This section demonstrates how to do so using several different applications and operating systems. Each application assumes that the correct media (CD, DVD, or USB flash drive) for the type of file is inserted.

Brasero[2] is an easy to use burning application included with the GNOME desktop. A PBI is also available within AppCafe®. To launch Brasero within GNOME, click Applications ➜ Multimedia ➜ Brasero Disk Burner and the dialog window shown in Figure 2.5h will be displayed. Alternately, type brasero from within any window manager.

Click Burn image to open the screen seen in Figure 2.5i. Use the Click here to select a disk image button to select your .iso file.

Figure 2.5h: Brasero's Initial Screen

Figure 2.5i: Brasero Image Burning Setup

The name and size of your .iso file should appear and Brasero will indicate the size of the media. The lower portion of Figure 2.5i shows the menu that appears if you click on the "Properties" button. You can change these options if you wish, but the default settings are fine in most cases. When you are ready, click the "Burn" button and Brasero will burn your ISO.

If you are familiar with using the command line on a FreeBSD or PC-BSD® system, you can use the growisofs command line utility to burn the DVD. This utility is included with the dvd+rw-tools FreeBSD port which is installed by default on a PC-BSD® system. If that software is not yet installed on a FreeBSD system, issue this command as the superuser:

pkg_add -r dvd+rw-tools

Depending upon the type of DVD burner hardware, you may have to configure the system to use it. If the device is ATAPI (i.e. not USB or SCSI), the ATAPI driver must be loaded. The superuser can issue this command:

kldload atapicam

If you just get your prompt back, the driver successfully loaded. If you get the message "kldload: cannot load atapicam: File exists", this means that the driver was already loaded. If the device is USB or SCSI, no additional drivers need to be loaded if you are running the generic FreeBSD kernel. After inserting the DVD media into the device, you can start the burn using this command:

growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=PCBSD9.2-x64-DVD.iso

If your device is not the first CD device, change the number 0 accordingly. If your ISO has a different name, substitute the correct name in the command shown above.

To burn the ISO on a Mac OS X system, go to "Finder ➜ Applications ➜ Utilities ➜ Disk Utility". With a blank media inserted into the burner, highlight the device representing the CD/DVD writer and click the "Burn" button.

Figure 2.5j: Using Disk Utility on Mac OS X

This will open up a browser where you can select the ISO to burn. In the example shown in Figure 2.5j, the DVD ISO has been selected and the device is a Sony DVD writer.

Once the ISO is highlighted, click the "Burn" button. A pop-up message will indicate that the device is ready to burn. Click "Burn" once more and "Disk Utility" will write the ISO to the CD/DVD media.

Windows 7 has built-in support for writing ISO images to disc. Right-click on the .iso file in Windows Explorer and select "Open with ➜ Windows Disc Image Burner" to open the screen shown in Figure 2.5a. Click "Burn" to write the disc. See the Microsoft article Burn a CD or DVD from an ISO file[4] for more detailed instructions.

ImgBurn[5] is an easy to use ISO burner for Windows that is available for free download. After installing and launching ImgBurn, select "Write image file to disk" from the main menu, seen in Figure 2.5b:

You can then use File ➜ Browse for a source file... to select the .iso file to burn; once selected, your screen should look similar to Figure 2.5c. Click the Write icon in the lower left corner to begin the burn.

Figure 2.5c: Selecting the Source and Destination in ImgBurn

ImgBurn will provide a status bar to indicate the progress of the burn. When it is finished, ImgBurn will eject the burner tray then reclose it in order to verify the burn. If the tray does not return itself, which may occur on a laptop, push the tray back in if you wish to verify the burn.

a utility that can write the image to a USB media; the utility that you use will depend upon your operating system

a USB thumb drive or hard drive large enough to hold the image

Once the image is written, boot from the removable device and proceed with the PC-BSD® installation.

If there is a card reader on the system or used via USB dongle, the device enumeration may be affected. For example, with the USB card reader dongle as the destination for the image burn below, it would be /dev/da1 instead of /dev/da0.

If you selected to download an .img.bz2 file instead of an ISO, you can write the image file to a flash card or removable USB drive using the bunzip2 and dd command line utilities on a BSD or Linux system. On a FreeBSD system, the superuser can use these commands to extract the specified image and write it to the first plugged in USB device:

if= refers to the input file to be written; it should end with an .img extension

of= refers to the output file (the device name of the flash card or removable USB drive); increment the number in the name if it is not the first USB device

bs= refers to the block size

conv=sync pads the final block so it is the specified block size

Linux users: if you type mount with the USB stick inserted, you will see two or more device nodes corresponding to the USB stick. For example, /dev/sdc and /dev/sdc1, where /dev/sdc1 corresponds to the primary partition of the USB stick. Before using the dd command, ensure that the usb stick is first unmounted. When using the dd command, remember to use /dev/sdc (device node without the number) as the option for the output file of=. Once the dd completes, you might not be able to mount the USB stick on Linux, as Linux has very limited support for UFS (the BSD filesystem that gets created on the USB stick).

To burn the image file on a Windows system, you can use win32-image-writer[7]. You will also need a utility that can extract .bz2 files such as 7-Zip[8].

When downloading win32-image-writer, download the latest version that ends in -binary.zip and use a utility such as Windows Explorer or 7zip to unzip the executable.

To extract the PC-BSD® image file using 7-Zip, browse to the location containing your downloaded .img.bz2 file, as seen in the example in Figure 2.5k.

Click the "Extract" button and browse to the location where you would like to save the extracted image. Once extracted, your image will end in .img, and will be ready to be written to a USB device using the win32-image-writer application.

If you launch win32-image-writer.exe, it will start the "Win32 Disk Imager" utility, shown in Figure 2.5l. Use the "Browse" button to browse to the location of the .img file. Insert a USB thumb drive and select its drive letter (in this example, drive D). Click the "Write" button and the image will be written to the USB thumb drive.

To extract the .img.bz2 file on a Mac system, use Finder to browse to the location of the file.
Double-click the file to extract it to the .img format. Finder will create a second file with the .img extension.

To burn that .img file, insert a USB stick and open "Terminal". Run the diskutil list command to find out the device name of the USB disk, unmount the USB disk, then use dd to write the image to the raw disk (rdisk). In the following example, an 8GB USB stick has a device name of /dev/disk1 and a raw device name of /dev/rdisk1.