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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nephritis is inflammation of the kidney. The word comes from the Greek
nephro- meaning "of the kidney" and -itis meaning
"inflammation". Nephritis is often caused by infections, toxins,
and auto-immune diseases.

Nephritis is the most common cause of glomerular injury. It is a
disturbance of the glomerular structure with inflammatory cell
proliferation. This can lead to: reduced glomerular blood flow
leading to reduced urine output (oliguria) & retention of waste
products (uremia). As a result, there can also be leakage of red
blood cells from damaged glomerulus (hematuria). Low renal blood
flow activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS),
which therefore causes fluid retention and mild hypertension.