#1 / 2019

History

Bgazhnokov B.Kh.
Zhaneevets in historical geography of the Northwest Caucasus (The 4-6th centuries)

This study aims to explore resettlement of a considerable part of Sanigs (the people well-known according to messages of antique writers – B.B.) from the areas of Transcaucasia to northwest spurs of Greater Caucasus Range. Judging by data of the Pevtingerovy map, it took place in the late 3rd and in the early 4th centuries. The part of Sanigs which remained on the former place created in the period of the Middle Ages the Zikhsky separate community under the name of Sadz (Dzhikhs, Dzhigits – B.B.), which took the important place in the Circassian-Abkhazian contact zone. Sanigs who moved into the North Caucasus formed Zikhiya’s part under a name of Zhaneevets and occupied at first the territory in the neighborhood of Nikopsis and Dzhubga. Then they advanced to the northwest to Tsemez and Abrau-Durso, having pushed the Goths and Huns out to Kuban and Don. At that time, the Zhane River to the south of modern Gelendzhik received its name which was given by Sanigs in the Western Circassia. Attention is paid to a ceremony of cremation, which was introduced into the North Caucasus, most likely, by Sanigs and practiced in these areas by the Goths as well.

Melsitov V.V., Sergienko N.L.
Decisive boundary on the way to the Great victory: towards the 75th anniversary of the Kursk fight

The Kursk fight was one of the brightest pages of the Great Patriotic War. It has no analogs in world history in degree of persistence and bitterness of fight, participation in it of military equipment and human resources. Nearly 300 divisions, more than 4 million people, 69000 pieces of artillery and mortars, over 13000 tanks and SAU, and about 12 thousand warplanes on both sides participated in it. Authors fairly call the Kursk fight a culmination point not only of the Great Patriotic War, but also of the whole World War II. This battle in essence was the last attempt of the enemy to develop strategic approach on east front and then to pass to defensive strategy. Authors note that the Red Army and the Soviet military chiefs did not give the enemy an opportunity of these plans coming true. But this victory during which 30 perfect divisions of the enemy, including seven tank ones, were destroyed, came to our army at a price of heavy losses: these are 863000 people, including 254000 irrevocable, that is nearly 4 times more than losses of Hitlerites. And, nevertheless, despite big losses, the Soviet part became the winner in this bloody fight and finally secured a strategic initiative.

Pazov I.S.
Evolution of use of pasturable grounds in the Nalchik district at the beginning of the 20th century

The work addresses the relevant issues of formation of the land relations and rules of land management in the Nalchik district at the beginning of the 20th century. The author focuses on the value and role of pasturable economy in the context of the land relations. The publication also raises questions of development of rules of land management and their realization in practice in land arrangement of the district, and reaction of the population to these transformations. It is concluded that it is expedient to consider instructions for use of pasturable economy as the factor, which led to change of traditional ways of the economic and social relations, which changed a form of land management. These rules resulted in cardinal changes of the agrarian relations. Delimitation of the earth in the Nalchik district during this period took place in the interests of strengthening the private land tenure seeking to monopolize all lands of mountain pastures. And these rules had to resolve this question, but this led only to escalation of the conflict of interests of all segments of the population of the district which led to social explosion of 1913.

Tonkikh (Zaritskaya) T.V.
Formation and development of the Soviet theater in Noorossiysk (1920-1940)

This work discusses the questions related to the formation of theater in Novorossiysk in the first years of the Soviet power. V. Meyerhold, who was in Novorossiysk in 1920, has made the important contribution to its development. Initiatives of creating theaters got serious support from the Soviet power considering this art form as one of the most important in socialist propaganda and creation of the person of the new type.

Shetinina N.M.
The organization of charitable institutions in the Voronezh province in the late 19th and in the early 20th century, as taking the cue from the activity of Orthodox Saints

The paper contains information on activity of representatives of the secular and church power on creation of charitable institutions. The author discloses peculiar features of institutions of this kind at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Influence of a feat of Orthodox Saints on society is shown.

Sociology

Abramov S.V.
Idealization of the future as kind of an anticipative aberration

The paper analyzes some kinds of illusory social expectations. Their destructive consequences are disclosed. The author aims to detect dialectic relationship between a domestic sociocultural paradigm and those images of the future, which are present in collective consciousness.

Abutalipov A.R.
Role of public organizations in increasing efficiency of post-penitentiary adaptation of the people released from places of detention in Russia

The paper actualizes and analyzes a problem of increasing efficiency of resocialization of the people released from places of detention by the appeal to resocialization potential of public organizations. The point of view is proved that broad participation of the public in the solution of problems of the persons who served criminal penalty is an indispensable condition of the effective organization of the help and promotion to these people. In foreign countries creation of public organizations on rendering the help to people released from places of detention is widespread, while in Russia such practice is also available, though is not popular.

Gridina V.V., Petinova T.M.
National identity of young people as a factor of maintaining cultural traditions in multinational society

The paper discusses the problem of maintaining national traditions in outlook and everyday life of young people. The relevance and the importance of national traditions in life of youth are analyzed not only on theoretical, but also at the empirical level. Results of the sociological research conducted by the authors testify to contradictory trends in perception of national culture and traditions by students, and demonstrate gradual washing out of national identity. The practical importance of this problem is realized in the specific recommendations focused on preservation and adaptation of national traditions and customs in conditions of the modern world.

The paper examines features of Muslim identity, the formation of which is affected by religious institutes, organizations and associations. Muslim identification represents one of the main mechanisms of socialization through finding by the person of value orientations of Islam. It is concluded that the Muslim identity is combined with other levels of identity according to the principle of complementarity. However, it has the specific features.

Ilyinova N.A., Konovalova L.A., Avagimyan A.V.
Linguoculturological elucidation of the concepts "Islam" and "Moslem" in the context of "religious revival" of Russia in the early 21st century

Authors demonstrate that globalization gives an impulse to globalization processes that in turn actualize a research of culture of the separate people. The role is shown of "religious revival" of Russia in development of such cross-disciplinary scientific layer as cultural linguistics, the task of which is studying interference of language and religion. Based on the analysis of the sociological researches conducted by various research teams, the authors arrive at a conclusion that religion occupies an important place in life of modern Russians. Considering the concepts "Islam" and "Moslem", the authors note specifics of the Russian Moslem, which acts as social practices of the Russians professing Islam.

The paper discusses sociocultural aspects of migration in the conditions of contemporary public changes. Researches of migration processes in a foreign and domestic sociological thought are analyzed. It is concluded that it is necessary to address personal cultural models of movements, peculiar to migrants. As a theoretical hypothesis, the author offers models of "outcome", "escape", "emancipation", "development", and "return" which assume various internal subjective purposes and models of social behavior during migration processes.

Lyausheva S.A., Pozdnyakova T.S.
Realization of ethnicity in the course of representations in modern symbolical space (regional aspect)

The paper studies an ethnic costume as one of instruments of designing ethnicity in the region. The clothes as the phenomenon of visual culture exist as ethnic distinctive sign and as attribute of modern fashion. The essence of the concepts "ethnic fashion" and "ethnic costume" is explained. Acting as the powerful instrument of designing ethnicity, the costume as phenomenological unit passes the next ways of development in the modern region: traditionalistic, accultural and renovative innovations. The fashion performs functions of socialization and identification of the personality, being one of forms of familiarizing of the individual with sociocultural experience. The publication discloses the role of public spaces as factor of social interaction. Public spaces provide an opportunity of transferring cultural samples in society. The authors prove that visual space of the Republic of Adyghea, its information filling, has an impact on the nature of ethnic socialization.

The paper studies the influence of religious culture of Islam on ethnosocial consolidation in sociocultural space of the South of Russia. Religious culture acts as a basic factor of the interfaith world and interethnic consent, implementing the metaprinciples of humanity in spiritual life of the people of the region by means of the appeal to traditional socionormative institutions.

In the paper, we investigate reputation through a prism of motivation. We consider reputation as set of the social estimated ideas of the subject or object of activity created on the basis of objective parameters. It is extremely important to understand what affects behavior of employees. We considered the motivators affecting reputation of employees of the public civil service. One thousand and fourty seven municipal serving men and women with different length of service and age participated in this research. We used a sociometry method for collecting cumulative social estimated representations of employees about each other and for assessment of social interaction in the organization. To assess labor motivation we used STM technique intended for identification of motivators. Two hundred and twenty seven heads of different ranks were assessment objects in sociometry. Based on results of sociometry, two groups of heads with high and low reputation were allocated. The obtained results allow us to draw a conclusion that there are differences in motivational structure at employees with the different level of reputation and that the reputation can be controlled.

The paper discusses emergence of religious political extremism in the territory of the North Caucasus during the Post-Soviet period. The study focuses on factors of politicization of an Islamic component, distribution of the fundamentalist ideas and ideology of Wahhabism, union of the official power with Islamic dogma and negative trends in political life of the Dagestan society. The publication shows the activity of representatives of radical Islam during the Post-Soviet period, their focus on formation in territories of distribution of Islamic religion of the state system based on its principles. The political structure and introduction of the ideas of radical Islam in mass consciousness, as well as emergence of destructive trends in social and political development of the Dagestan society are characterized. Based on the results of the sociological surveys conducted in the republic, the authors demonstrate the attitudes existing in mass consciousness of Dagestanis, their focus on the secular state with freedom of worship.

The structure of creative management contains three steps: the microlevel determined by management of business and budgetary organizations; the middle level related to management of certain spheres of public life and the top-level of creative management. Levels of creative management are correlated by both hierarchy of management objectives and development of administrative vertical and horizontal interactions. The authors of scientific work arrive at a conclusion that the top-level creative management system has to be concentrated on development of strategic objectives of social development, giving management resources to the lower and middle levels to solve tactical problems by effective tools and to work as the reference system of coordination, forecasting and design.

Tuzhba E.N., Chunikhina T.N.
Social and psychological characteristics of the Caucasus ethnoses

The paper explores social and psychological universals of the Caucasus ethnoses allowing them to perceive monotonously the surrounding social reality, as well as to act, including in conflict situations, being guided by the existing norms, behavior models and principles. The authors show dependence of social and mental features of the population on the environment of dwelling, resettlement geography; influence of the nature on perceptions of the individual, thereby on destiny and the nature of the people.

The research of a phenomenon of interethnic concord assumes use of the parameters demonstrating the nature and a condition of the interethnic relations among which the major are existence in mass consciousness of the principles related to refusal of violence, existence of positive ethnic stereotypes and orientation to maintenance of positive international dialogue and ethnic contacts. This publication discusses factors of formation of interethnic intolerance in Dagestan modern society. Based on the obtained results of sociological poll the authors arrive at a conclusion that barriers in the course of formation of interethnic concord are the poverty growth, social stratification of society and social vulnerability, existence of unemployment and a problem of employment, inefficiency of the policy which is carried out by the power in corruption elimination, activity of the informal national leaders opposing the Dagestan people each other, the low level of culture of interethnic communication, loss of the principles of international education, international opposition, ignoring national interests of the Dagestan people, manifestation of intra religious opposition and religious extremism, as well as the lack of confidence to the power.

Culturology

Bolokova M.A.
Interpretation problem of culture in the conditions of civilization contradictions

The paper is dedicated to refraction of a phenomenon of culture in the western philosophical thinking. The idea is expressed that deformations of attitudes of the western civilization concerning the person and the nature are depicted in widespread philosophical concepts of culture. The author gives justification of this idea based on the example of the activity approach to culture. The publication shows that orientation of culture as to transformation of the nature rightfully leads to the crisis phenomena in life of the countries making economic vanguard of the mankind. Besides, the author examines the axiological approach as an alternative to the activity and similar approaches. The axiological approach has the methodological potential for adequate understanding of the phenomenon of culture making it possible to reduce sharpness of global problems and other contradictions in development of the western civilization.

Bolokova M.A.,Bezrukova A.A.
Mass media as a factor of formation of mass culture in information society

This paper discusses emergence of mass culture and some points of view on its formation. As is well-known, "mass culture" in scientific literature appeared in the middle of the 20th century as a concept of bourgeois culture. And also, the mass culture is used in the meaning of production and consumption of modern culture. The modern mass culture is the great, powerful resource influencing people. Therefore, it is necessary to be scrupulous about the broadcast values, which have to become further priority in global modern society.