29Jul 29 July. 17th Sunday

1st Reading: 2 Kings (4:42-44)

Elisha miraculously provides food for a hundred men

A man came from Baal-shalishah, bringing food from the first fruits to the man of God: twenty loaves of barley and fresh ears of grain in his sack.

Elisha said, “Give it to the people and let them eat.” But his servant said, “How can I set this before a hundred people?” So he repeated, “Give it to the people and let them eat, for thus says the Lord, ‘They shall eat and have some left.'” He set it before them, they ate, and had some left, according to the word of the Lord.

Resp. Psalm (Ps 145)

R./: The hand of the Lord feeds us; he answers all our needs

Let all your works give you thanks, O Lord, and let your faithful ones bless you. Let them discourse of the glory of your kingdom and speak of your might. (R./)

The eyes of all look hopefully to you, and you give them their food in due season; you open your hand and satisfy the desire of every living thing. (R./)

The Lord is just in all his ways and holy in all his works. The Lord is near to all who call upon him, to all who call upon him in truth. (R./)

2nd Reading: Ephesians (4:1-6)

From prison, Paul invites his readers to live in unity and harmony

I, the prisoner in the Lord, beg you to lead a life worthy of the calling to which you have been called, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love, making every effort to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to the one hope of your calling, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is above all and through all and in all.

Gospel: John (6:1-15)

Like Elisha Jesus feeds the people in the desert

After this Jesus went to the other side of the Sea of Galilee, also called the Sea of Tiberias. A large crowd kept following him, because they saw the signs that he was doing for the sick. Jesus went up the mountain and sat down there with his disciples. Now the Passover, the festival of the Jews, was near.

When he looked up and saw a large crowd coming toward him, Jesus said to Philip, “Where are we to buy bread for these people to eat?” He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he was going to do. Philip answered him, “Six months’ wages would not buy enough bread for each of them to get a little.” One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, said to him, “There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish. But what are they among so many people?”

Jesus said, “Make the people sit down.” Now there was a great deal of grass in the place; so they sat down, about five thousand in all. Then Jesus took the loaves, and when he had given thanks, he distributed them to those who were seated; so also the fish, as much as they wanted.

When they were satisfied, he told his disciples, “Gather up the fragments left over, so that nothing may be lost.” So they gathered them up, and from the fragments of the five barley loaves, left by those who had eaten, they filled twelve baskets. When the people saw the sign that he had done, they began to say, “This is indeed the prophet who is to come into the world.” When Jesus realized that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, he withdrew again to the mountain by himself.

Notes on John 6

Kieran O’Mahony

John 6 is read for the next five weeks. This is a great opportunity for catechesis precisely because of the variety of approaches in this chapter: each “story” or “discourse” within John 6 has its own focal point. To help make sense of all this, special extended notes on John Six have been prepared. These can help both preacher and listener to make sense of John 6 and appreciate its life-giving message for today. For exegetical notes on today’s readings click here.

Loaves and fishes

Some situations seem beyond our abilities to cope. The challenge feels too great to be faced. Today’s gospel offers an example of apparent powerlessness. Jesus is faced with a very large crowd of hungry people in a deserted place.. they all need to be fed and the resources to feed them don’t seem to be there. The sense of being overwhelmed by the task that needs doing is audible in the disciples’ comments. Philip grumbles that, ‘Two hundred denarii would only buy enough to give them a small piece each,’ and while Andrew sees that there is a small boy present with five barley loaves and two fish, he asks with a shrug, ‘What is that between so many?’ People who work for aid agencies like Trocaire, Concern and Gorta often find themselves in a similar situation in places ravaged by conflict and famine. The huge need outstrips the available resources. Yet, in that situation such workers always do what they can with whatever resources they have at their disposal. They don’t despair; they tackle the situation as best as they can.

Seeing the hungry crowd and the scarce number of loaves, Jesus was aware of the enormity of the task of feeding them all. But he did not share the apostles’ sense of defeatism. He saw that in some way the small boy with the five barley loaves and two fish was the key to feeding five thousand people. We cannot imagine what exactly happened on that day out in the wilderness but it is clear that the small boy with his few barley loaves and a couple of fish played a vital role. It was just enough food for a simple meal for a poor family. Yet the boy was willing to part with his barley loaves and his fish. When he handed them over, in some mysterious way, Jesus was able to work with the young boy’s generous gift to feed everyone. One generous boy was the key to feeding the multitude. One person’s generosity gave Jesus the opening that he needed. Through small and willing gifts, something powerful can still happen, in our time.

Clearly this story spoke very powerfully to the early church. The early believers came to appreciate that the Lord can use our limited efforts to perform his greatest works. As Paul puts it: “God’s power is often made perfect in our weakness.” The Lord can work powerfully in and through the very little that we possess, if we are generous with that little. The small boy is our teacher in that regard. He gave over his few barley loaves and fish, and the Lord did the rest. So often the spontaneous generosity of children can have a great deal to teach us. In giving away the little we have we leave ourselves very vulnerable. Yet, the gospel suggests that the Lord can work powerfully in and through that very vulnerability which is the fruit of our generosity. The Lord needs us to be generous with what we have, even though it can seem very small and very inadequate in our eyes. The Lord does not work in a vacuum; he needs us to create an opening for him to work. Without the presence of Jesus, the crowd would not have been fed. Without the presence of the small boy and his few resources the crowd would not have been fed either. The Lord needs us to be generous with what we have today if he is to continue to feed the various hungers of today’s crowd, whether it is the basic hunger for food, or the hunger for shelter, for a home, for friendship, for community, for acceptance or the deeper spiritual hunger for God. Today’s gospel teaches us never to underestimate the significance of even the tiniest efforts we make to be generous with the resources we have at our disposal, whether it is resources of money, or time or some ability or other.

All of the evangelists see a link between what happened in the desert that day and what happened at the Last Supper and what happens at every Eucharist. Just as Jesus transformed the small boy’s simple gifts of five barley loaves and two fish into a feast for thousands, so he transforms our simple gifts of bread and wine into a spiritual feast for all, the bread of life and the cup of salvation. The way the Lord works in the Eucharist is how he works in the rest of our lives. He takes the little we offer to him and by means of it, in the words of Saint Paul, he is ‘able to accomplish abundantly far more than all we can ask or imagine.’

Share what you can

(José Antonio Pagola)

Of all the things done by Jesus during his prophetic activity, the most remembered by the first Christian communities was surely this meal organized by him out in the countryside, near the lake of Galilee. It’s the only story recounted in all the Gospels. As is his custom, John in his Gospel doesn’t call it a «miracle», but rather a «sign». That’s how he invites us to not get stuck in the deeds narrated, but to discover a more profound meaning from the perspective of faith. Jesus center stage. No one asks him to intervene. He himself is the one who senses the hunger of that people and who suggests the need to feed them. It’s moving to know that Jesus doesn’t just feed the people with the Good News of God, but that he’s also concerned about the hunger God’s children feel.

How to feed a crowd in the middle of the countryside? The disciples can’t see any way. Philip says that no one can think about buying bread, since they don’t have money. Andrew thinks that they could share what’s there, but the young man only has five loaves and a few fish. What’s that among so many? For Jesus it’s enough. That nameless and faceless young man is going to make possible what seems impossible. His readiness to share all that he has is the path to feed those people. Jesus will do the rest. He takes in his hands the young man’s loaves, he gives thanks to God, and begins to «distribute them» among all. A fraternal meal served by Jesus to everyone, thanks to a young man’s generous deed.

This shared food was for the early Christians an attractive symbol of the community, born of Jesus to build a new and fraternal humanity. At the same time it brought to mind the Eucharist that they celebrated on the Day of the Lord, so they could be nourished by the spirit and the power of Jesus: the Living Bread come from God. But they never forgot the young man’s deed. If there’s hunger in the world, it’s not because of the scarcity of food, but the lack of solidarity. There’s bread for all; the generosity to share it is lacking. We’ve left the progress of the world in the hands of an inhuman economic power, we’re afraid to share what we have, and people die of hunger because of our senseless selfishness.

Feeding the hungry

Both the Old Testament and the Gospel today tell of a miraculous feeding of hungry people. Elijah’s miracle for the poor widow came towards the end of a long drought and famine, and the kind generosity of a young boy in sharing his lunch enables Jesus to feed his hungry community.

We are all too familiar from television with the obscene reality that so many people are dying of starvation in an affluent world for whom there has been no miraculous feeding. Sometimes, by contrast, we have known joyful moments of sharing and solidarity, when music and celebration aroused the hope that we could “Feed the World.” On days like that, the little we gave seemed as important as the loaves and fishes. When people share food and resources with strangers, barriers are broken down. They recognize their dependence on one another. But just as soon as one crisis of starvation has been relieved, another seems to arise. People in the poorest countries still struggle, just to survive. It is easy to feel powerless in the face of the sheer impossibility of feeding the world, to allow the first symptoms of “compassion fatigue” as the aid agencies call it, to give way to numbed indifference. Like Elijah’s servant or Andrew, we ask, “How can we feed so many, with so little?”

It would horrify the humane voters in democratic lands if our leaders and planners openly admitted how the economic logic that underpins our prosperity dictates that the most powerless are destined to go hungry for ever. But our developed world makes tough trade agreements, creates food mountains and milk-lakes, and diverts financial and human resources into the arms trade rather than into development and education. Even if our leaders and planners are sensible, humane people, they are—like ourselves—caught in the web of unjust expectations which is part of what we mean by “the sin of the world.”

Mahatma Ghandi said once, “To the poor man, God does not appear except in the form of bread and in the promise of work.” The Eucharist renews the deepest springs of our humanity by a story of bread broken and eaten for the life of the world. Can we help those who celebrate the Eucharist with us this Sunday to see a link between it and the hunger of the world? Has the parish some project to support a missionary helping in the developing world, or can some local people to be enlisted in telling the story of such a project? “Gather up the fragments so that nothing gets wasted.” Global solutions lie beyond the power of our local parish, which is why we need to remember the lesson of the fragments. If we can put a little new heart into our efforts, that will be something worthwhile. If we can become conscious of our wastefulness of world resources, it may be the beginning of repentance.

Living our vocation

Today’s homily could focus on the Christian vocation according to St Paul, in Ephesians (4:1-6).

1. Freedom is as much “for” as “from”: Personal freedom is something we rightly treasure. As a vital part in the pursuit of happiness, it is increasingly taken for granted, at least in our developed countries, as a basic human right. We resent any excessive and unwarranted intrusions on our liberty, whether by our neighbours, or by officials such as police, bureaucrats, revenue collectors, or even by the leaders of our Church. We want to be free to do as we please with our lives, our energy and our income. This is a good desire, on just one condition, that what we desire is itself good. It’s not enough to be free from pressures and interference. Freedom must also be for something. It is not complete until we put it to work, using it for something worthwhile.

2. A Christian should be positive. We all know some people who seem to have an unusual level of freedom and initiative, in deciding what to do with their energy and their time. They get things done, while others would still be anxiously fretting and wondering whether to do anything! Paul of Tarsus was a great “Doer,” a man who believed in his mission in life, which was to share Christ with as many people as possible. Among the apostles, he was the supreme activist, spreading the Gospel “in season and out of season.” While the conservative Jewish-Christians in Jerusalem worried about what conditions would need to be imposed before letting Greek converts into the Church, Paul was already out on his mission-field, winning those Greeks for Christ. What made Paul so sure that his way was right? He was deeply convinced that it was God’s way, that his vocation came to him direct from the living God.

3. Each one has a personal vocation. He wrote this letter not just to the leaders, nor even to the whole community in Ephesus, but to every one of his converts. It is meant as an “encyclical,” a final word for all his mission parishes. And his message holds good today, for each adult Christian who is willing to listen to God’s call. The whole basis for our faith, says Paul, is that the good God has blessed us, and made us his children by grace: there is one God, the Father of us all. He is the God of mercy, who “opens wide his hand” to bless, and is “loving in all his deeds.” Once we realise this, we also understand how much is asked of us in response. We need to love others as God loves them, “with unselfishness, gentleness and patience.” This is the truly “good” life, the proper life-style for a Christian. Of course, such perfect love and unity with others is not an easy vocation, and indeed is never quite within our power to achieve. Still, it is there as a guiding ideal, calling us onward and upward. Any worth-while vocation is like that; it calls us beyond ourselves.

4. The importance of making a Start. All too often, our response to such high idealism is to shrug and say, “Be realistic! Don’t expect much from me! I’m no hero, just an ordinary person.” Paul would not let us cop out of the love ideal so easily. With a nice sense of balance, he advises, “do what you can to achieve and preserve it.” The problem often lies in getting started. What you or I can actually do, here and now, to help our neighbours, may seem woefully small. But it’s all that’s required of us just at this point in time. Elisha’s servant felt that his twenty small loaves were nowhere near enough to feed a hundred hungry men. Still, once distributed, those loaves made all the difference.

5. Cooperating with Christ. The Christian vocation to love others, whether it comes to us as married or as single, as lay-person, religious or priest, is always part of our personal relationship with Our Lord. It is only fulfilled in co-operation with him. Each of us can be like those disciples, who took the bread that Jesus blessed, and then distributed it to the crowds. Some of us, like Philip, may feel reluctant at first to get involved in a problem that looks too big to solve. Others, like Andrew, are a bit more optimistic, and begin to notice whatever glimmerings of hope are there in the situation. But if Jesus has the willing co-operation of all his friends, something great will be done for the people in need.

We need to open our eyes and our hearts to the needs around us. Problems to be faced; people to be loved, respected and listened to. To be involved in helping others, with our talents, our energy and our love, is the best and proper use of our freedom. And it will, please God, add up to “a life worthy of our vocation.”

(St Martha, the patron of hospitality)

Martha of Bethany is favourably mentioned in the Gospels of Luke and John, as a follower of Jesus. She lived in Bethany village near Jerusalem with her siblings Mary and Lazarus. Jesus often visited their home and was there just a few days before the Passion. There is an implied criticism of Martha, for bustling about preparing food and drink while her sister Mary sat at his feet and listening to him . Perhaps Martha was half-listening to him from the kitchen, while preparing the meal. The woman in the kitchen will often know exactly what is going on in the rest of her house.

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It was shortly before Passover – the time of the barley harvest. Jesus asked Philip about buying bread – Philip was from Bethsaida, a local town, so he would know where there was a baker. Jesus “tested” him – more like teased him! Even if they had enough money to buy sufficient bread, how would any baker or supermarket be able to supply enough for 5,000 men, not to talk about the women and children?! The five barley loaves and two fish: too much for one person, but enough for a modest meal for a small family. For the disciples this was an impossible challenge. But Jesus saw the crowds, and sees them as family.

Jesus took the loaves and gave thanks and gave them out to all. The communities of early Christians gathered on the Lord’s Day (as we are), hearing this familiar terminology, recognise that this is a story to cast light on what they are doing as they gather. (Just like when a sports commentator speaks of eagles and birdies, we know (s)he is not talking ornithology, but golf!). They filled twelve hampers with the left-overs – there is enough for the twelve tribes – the whole people of God – to share. Our breaking of bread together on the Lord’s Day says that we, God’s family, are to be the bread broken (the scraps) for the life of the world.

This is putting into action what the reading from Ephesians 4 says. Support one another in love, complete selflessness, gentleness and patience, so that we maintain the unity of the Spirit by the peace that binds us together. We have seven sources of one-ness: body, spirit, hope, Lord, faith, baptism, and one God who is Father of all.

They wanted to take Jesus and make him king, but his is a kingdom not of this world (John 18:36).

The final piece from John 6 will be on Sunday 26 August, when Pope Francis will visit the Capuchin Day Centre in Dublin. They serve over 200 breakfasts each morning, and on Wednesdays they give 1,400 food parcels. This remarkable service has continued for over 40 years. Bishop Helder Camara said: “When I feed the poor, they call me a saint, but when I ask why the poor are hungry, they call me a communist.”

Will our country, our government, hear what Pope Francis is saying by choosing to make this visit?

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