An act to provide for the regulation of trades unions and trade
disputes. Be it enacted ... as follows: —

The following paragraph shall be added as a new paragraph after the
first paragraph of section three of the Conspiracy and Protection of Property
Act, 1875: "An act done in pursuance of an agreement or combination by two or
more persons shall, if done in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute,
not be actionable unless the act, if done without any such agreement or
combination, would be actionable."

It shall be lawful for one or more persons, acting on their own behalf
or on behalf of a trade union or of an individual employer or firm in
contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute, to attend at or near a house
or place where a person resides or works or carries on business or happens to
be, if they so attend merely for the purpose of peacefully obtaining or
communicating information or of peacefully persuading any person to work or
abstain from working....

An act done by a person in contemplation or furtherance of a trade
dispute shall not be actionable on the ground only that it induces some other
person to break a contract of employment or that it is an interference with the
trade, business, or employment of some other person, or with the right of some
other person to dispose of his capital or his labour as he wills.

An action against a trade union, whether of workmen or masters or
against any members or officials thereof on behalf of themselves and all other
members of the trade union in respect of any tortious act alleged to have been
committed by or on behalf of the trade union, shall not be entertained by any
court....

Ibid., XLIV, 246 f.: 6 Edward VII, c. 47.

(B) Union of South Africa Act (1909)

An act to constitute the union of South Africa. Whereas it is desirable
for the welfare and future progress of South Africa that the several British
colonies therein should be united under one government in a legislative union
under the crown of Great Britain and Ireland; and whereas it is expedient to
make provision for the union of the colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal,
the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony on terms and conditions to which
they have agreed by resolution of their respective parliaments ...: be it
therefore enacted ... as follows: —

I. Preliminary.... In this act, unless it is otherwise expressed or
implied, the words "the union" shall be taken to mean the union of South Africa
as constituted under this act; and the words "houses of parliament," "house of
parliament," or "parliament" shall be taken to mean the parliament of the
union....

II. The Union. It shall be lawful for the king, with the advice of the
privy council, to declare by proclamation that, on and after a day therein
appointed, not being later than one year after the passing of this act, the
colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, the Transvaal, and the Orange River
Colony, hereinafter called the colonies, shall be united in a legislative union
under one government under the name of the union of South Africa. On and after
the day appointed by such proclamation, the government and parliament of the
union shall have full power and authority within the limits of the colonies,
but the king may at any time after the proclamation appoint a governor general
for the union.... The colonies mentioned ... shall become original provinces of
the union.... Upon any colony entering the union ... , every ... act applying
to any of the colonies as being self-governing colonies or colonies with
responsible government shall cease to apply to that colony; but, as from the
date when this act takes effect, every such act of parliament shall apply to
the union.

III. Executive Government. The executive government of the union is
vested in the king and shall be administered by his majesty in person or by a
governor general as his representative....

There shall be an executive council to advise the governor general in
the government of the union, and the members of the council shall be chosen and
summoned by the governor general and sworn as executive councillors and shall
hold office during his pleasure.... The governor general may appoint officers,
not exceeding ten in number, to administer such departments of state of the
union as the governor general in council may establish. Such officers shall
hold office during the pleasure of the governor general. They shall be members
of the executive council and shall be the king's ministers of state for the
union. After the first general election of members of the house of assembly ...
, no minister shall hold office for a longer period than three months unless he
is or becomes a member of either house of parliament.

The appointment and removal of all officers of the public service of the
union shall be vested in the governor general in council, unless the
appointment is delegated by the governor general in council, or by this act or
by a law of parliament, to some other authority. All powers, authorities, and
functions which at the establishment of the union are in any of the colonies
vested in the governor, or in the governor in council, or in any authority of
the colony, shall ... be vested in the governor general, or in the governor
general in council, or in the authority exercising similar powers under the
union ... , except such powers and functions as are by this act or may by a law
of parliament be vested in some other authority. The command-in-chief of the
naval and military forces within the union is vested in the king or in the
governor general as his representative....

IV. Parliament. The legislative power of the union shall be vested in
the parliament of the union ... , which shall consist of the king, a senate,
and a house of assembly. The governor general may appoint such times for
holding the sessions of parliament as he thinks fit, and may also from time to
time ... prorogue parliament, and may ... dissolve the senate and the house of
assembly.... There shall be a session of parliament once at least in every
year....

For ten years after the establishment of the union, the constitution of
the senate shall ... be as follows....[1] Parliament may provide for
the manner in which the senate shall be constituted after the expiration of ten
years....

The qualifications of a senator shall be as follows: he must be not less
than thirty years of age; be qualified to be registered as a voter for the
election of members of the house of assembly in one of the provinces; have
resided for five years within the limits of the union ...; be a British subject
of European descent; in the case of an elected senator, be the registered owner
of immovable property within the union of the value of not less than £500
over and above any special mortgages thereon....

The house of assembly shall be composed of members directly chosen by
the voters of the union in electoral divisions delimited as hereinafter
provided....[2] Parliament may by law prescribe the qualifications
which shall be necessary to entitle persons to vote at the election of members
of the house of assembly.... No person who, at the passing of any such law, is
registered as a voter in any province shall be removed from the register by
reason only of any disqualification based on race or colour.... Between the
date of the passing of this act and the date fixed for the establishment of the
union, the governor in council of each of the colonies shall nominate a judge
... , and the judges so nominated shall ... form a joint commission ... for the
purpose of the first division of the provinces into electoral divisions.... The
commission shall divide each province into electoral divisions, each returning
one member.... As soon as may be after every quinquennial census, the governor
general in council shall appoint a commission consisting of three judges of the
supreme court of South Africa to carry out any redivision which may have become
necessary....

The qualifications of a member of the house of assembly shall be as
follows: he must be qualified to be registered as a voter for the election of
members of the house of assembly in one of the provinces; have resided for five
years within the limits of the union ...; be a British subject of European
descent....

Parliament shall have full power to make laws for the peace, order, and
good government of the union. Bills appropriating revenue or moneys or imposing
taxation shall originate only in the house of assembly.... The senate may not
amend any bills so far as they impose taxation or appropriate revenue or moneys
for the services of the government. The senate may not amend any bill so as to
increase any proposed charges or burdens on the people....

When a bill is presented to the governor general for the king's
assent,[3] he shall declare according to his discretion ... that he
assents in the king's name, or that he withholds assent, or that he reserves
the bill for the signification of the king's pleasure.... The king may disallow
any law within one year after it has been assented to by the governor
general.... A bill reserved for the king's pleasure shall not have any force
unless and until, within one year from the day on which it was presented to the
governor general for the king's assent, the governor general makes known ...
that it has received the king's assent....

V. The Provinces. In each province there shall be a chief executive
officer appointed by the governor general in council, who shall be styled the
administrator of the province, and in whose name all executive acts relating to
provincial affairs therein shall be done.... There shall be a provincial
council in each province, consisting of the same number of members as are
elected in the province for the house of assembly.... The members of the
provincial council shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for the
election of members of the house of assembly.... Each provincial council shall
continue for three years from the date of its first meeting and shall not be
subject to dissolution....

Subject to the provisions of this act and the assent of the governor
general in council ... , the provincial council may make ordinances in relation
to matters coming within the following classes of subjects: that is to say, (1)
direct taxation within the province in order to raise a revenue for provincial
purposes; (2) the borrowing of money on the sole credit of the province ...;
(3) education other than higher education ...; (4) agriculture to the extent
and subject to the conditions to be defined by parliament; (5) the
establishment, maintenance, and management of hospitals and charitable
institutions; (6) municipal institutions ... and other local institutions of a
similar nature ...; (7) local works and undertakings within the province other
than railways and harbours and other than such works as extend beyond the
borders of the province ...; (8) roads ... and bridges ...; (9) markets and
pounds; (10) fish and game preservation; (11) the imposition of punishment ...
for enforcing any law or any ordinance of the province ...; (12) generally all
matters which, in the opinion of the governor general in council, are of a
merely local or private nature in the province; (13) all other subjects in
respect of which parliament shall by any law delegate the power of making
ordinances to the provincial council....

VI. The Supreme Court of South Africa. There shall be a supreme court of
South Africa, consisting of a chief justice of South Africa, the ordinary
judges of appeal, and the other judges of the several divisions of the supreme
court of South Africa in the provinces. There shall be an appellate division of
the supreme court consisting of the chief justice of South Africa, two ordinary
judges of appeal, and two additional judges of appeal.... The several supreme
courts of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and the Transvaal and the high court of
the Orange River Colony shall, on the establishment of the union, become
provincial divisions of the supreme court of South Africa.... The chief justice
of South Africa, the ordinary judges of appeal, and all other judges of the
supreme court of South Africa ... shall be appointed by the governor general in
council.... The chief justice of South Africa and other judges of the supreme
court of South Africa shall not be removed from office except by the governor
general in council on an address from both houses of parliament in the same
session praying for such removal on the ground of misbehaviour or
incapacity....

In every case, civil or criminal, in which at the establishment of the
union an appeal might have been made ... to a superior court in any of the
colonies, the appeal shall be made to the corresponding division of the supreme
court of South Africa; but there shall be no further appeal against any
judgment given on appeal by such division except to the appellate division, and
then only if the appellate division shall have given special leave to appeal.
There shall be no appeal from the supreme court of South Africa or from any
division thereof to the king in council; but nothing herein contained shall be
construed to impair any right which the king in council may be pleased to
exercise to grant special leave to appeal from the appellate division to the
king in council. Parliament may make laws limiting the matters in respect of
which such special leave may be asked....

IX. New Provinces and Territories. Parliament may alter the boundaries
of any province ... on the petition of the provincial council of every province
whose boundaries are affected thereby. The king, with the advice of the privy
council, may, on addresses from the houses of parliament of the union, admit
into the union the territories administered by the British South Africa
Company....

X. Amendment of Act. Parliament may by law repeal or alter any of the
provisions of this act, provided that no provision thereof for the operation of
which a definite period of time is prescribed shall during such period be
repealed or altered....

Ibid., XLVII, 42 f.: 9 Edward VII, c. 9.

[1] Eight senators are to be nominated by the governor general
in council and eight are to be elected by each colonial legislature.

[2] The representation of a province is roughly proportioned to
the number of European male adults there resident. Provision is made for a
reallotment of seats on the basis of a new census every five years.

[3] Normally bills have to receive a majority in both houses;
but in case of a prolonged deadlock on any measure, it may be passed by the two
houses in joint session called by the governor general.