Researchers in the Department of Sleep Medicine at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, France, evaluated the effect of osteopathic manipulation on upper airway stabilization in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In this proof-of-concept crossover study, 9 patients (7 men, 2 women) were randomly assigned to active manipulation (AM) or sham manipulation (SM). Some patients received the AM at visit 1 and PM at visit 3, and others received PM at visit 1 and AM at visit 3. Each patient was his or her own control.