I choose two important problems facing European Union nowadays, the first one is the integration of the Turkey, which wait to integrate the European Union since 1963. The second one is the constraints of the euro today, which increase the economic power of the euro zone, However, it weakens its influence.

Turkey, a candidate who is being debated

Turkey is a country waiting to integrate the European Union, having filed his candidacy in 1963. This one was formalized after the return of democracy in the country in 1967. Since then, Turkey expects the effective implementation of its accession negotiations. Moreover, the future of Turkey in the European Union has darkened after the victory of the party of justice, where the president of the European Convention, Valery Giscard d'Estaing, said that the entry of Turkey in the European Union sign the end of it. So,we can ask ourselves about the various disadvantages and advantages as regards the accession. Thus, we see in the first part what are the economic and geographic arguments, which then will join a strategic argument. Then in the second part, we will show the religious, historical, cultural and political views.

To introduce this first part we can specify that the European Union in December 2004 took the historic decision to open accession negotiations with Turkey. The official talks were opened October 3, 2005. Turkey's candidacy to the European Union is one of the great debates that have punctuated the process of European construction: the Treaty of Maastricht, the single currency …

Let us first consider the economic arguments.

What cost to the entry of Turkey in Europe? Economists estimate that there is a risk of long-term''unfair competition''from this country with the rest of the European Union. In addition, the Turkish economy is weaker than that of the union, it might be a flood of immigration.The geographical argument is based on the fact that Turkey is not European, its capital is not in Europe, it has 95% of its population outside of Europe. Indeed this is one of the main arguments of Valery Giscard d'Estaing:''The problem is that the definition of European borders is absolutely artificial and has varied over time.'On the other hand, as mentioned above we can associate with geographic sometimes conflicting arguments at a strategic one, as its location at the crossroads of continents, the entry of Turkey into Europe put this last. Indeed, Turkey could become the spokesman of the European Union in Muslim countries and maybe they will listen more easily a message issued by a country near you. It would be a great message of tolerance towards the Muslim religion.

Now lets see the religious viewpoints.

Recall the current controversy for a number of countries in Europe, and Turkey demonstrates, of the place of Islamic head-scarves in lay countries. It is necessary to reaffirm the principle of secularism in Europe, the absence of religious discrimination and did not register (as requested by the Pope) the notion of Catholic religious heritage. Second, closely related, historical and cultural arguments point out that Turkey was a certain time the enemies of Europe (particularly in reference to the Ottoman Empire). Moreover, the goal of Europe is to bring together countries to find common ground and prevent a war between them (the origin of Europe with the Franco-German). Finally, some people say we can not find points of convergence between European countries and Turkey, which does not have a common culture with the countries of the union. Note that Turkey has more in common with Greece than it with the Baltic countries. And to finish this last part, the political arguments show what appears to be the most important European states, it is their loss of power in parliament, because they are percentages of lower population. France and Germany would lose their place as the most important powers of Europe being outnumbered by Turkey, which seems to have less...

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...﻿The Economic Crisis of the EuropeanUnion
Abstract: Since 2009 Europe has been experiencing some major economic issues and European government banks were bailed out in order to not have to leave the Euro. Very little progress has occurred since the onset of the crisis until recently and still many countries are suffering from detrimental debt and very low quality of life. Discovering the foreground for this economic crisis is imperative to be able to calculate a solution and unfortunately, this has still yet to be done. The economy of Europe can’t be revived with the existing policies and institutional makeup in place.
The problem within the EuropeanUnion falls within its institutional architecture and policies. The social, political, and economic integration goals of the EU have not been successful due to lags in the institutions leading to weak policies. This has lead to member states living as individual entities, creating unnecessary competition within the EU and causing large gaps between successful and unsuccessful countries. Through various viable online databases and current event newspapers and journals, it clear that the EU needs an extensive makeover. These sources lend insight to the ideology that the policies in place are not effective and are a direct effect of asymmetric institutions. This paper will prove that in order to step out of this financial crisis and prevent...

...﻿Tony Pinchot
POSC339
Final Exam
The EuropeanUnion: Supranational or Intergovernmental?
The EuropeanUnion is a complex political body that is very difficult to summarize under simply one category. However, I believe the most important categorization to help explain the EuropeanUnion and how it operates is whether it is viewed as a primarily supranational or intergovernmental organization. The main difference between whether the EuropeanUnion is viewed as a success or failure hinges primarily on this classification. Derek Beach asks the question: “Are we witnessing a transformation of the EU from a strong supranational institution into a weaker Union dominated by governments?” (Beach, 2012, p. 49). I think the answer to this question is crucial to determining how the success level of the EuropeanUnion is viewed, and many more focused questions hinge on this answer. Is there a common European identity? Is the euro a success or a failure? Does the Union need a common defense policy? Does the EuropeanUnion experience a democratic deficit? All of these questions can be analyzed best by determining the nature of the EuropeanUnion and its governance. Uwe Puetter notes that “It is hard to ignore the constantly growing activism at the...

...BACKGROUND
The EuropeanUnion (EU) was founded as the European Economic Community (EEC) by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 to promote economic and political integration in Europe. The beginning of the EEC followed the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, created after World War II as a means of promoting integration among former enemies. The EEC has expanded from its original six members (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands) to include United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark in 1973; Greece in 1981; Spain and Portugal in 1986; and Austria, Finland, and Sweden in 1995.
All 15-member states hand over some control to the EU's network of institutions. National governments are represented in the Council of the EuropeanUnion, whilst citizens of the member states are elected to the European Parliament. In 1993, the Maastricht Treaty (which renamed the EEC as the EuropeanUnion), created European citizenship. It strengthened the power of the European Parliament, laid out plans for the Economic and Monetary Union, as well as for committed members to negotiate for expansion of the EU to include Central and Eastern European countries. As part of the EMU, 12 EU member countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Finland, Austria,...

...The EuropeanUnion (EU) is a family of democratic European countries, committed to working together for peace and prosperity. It is not a state intended to replace existing states, but it is more than any other international organization. The EU is, in fact, unique. Its member states have set up common institutions to which they delegate some of their sovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of joint interest can be made democratically atEuropean level. This pooling of sovereignty is also called “European integration”.
The historical roots of the EuropeanUnion lie in the World War II. The idea of European integration was conceived to prevent such killing and destruction from ever happening again. It was first proposed by the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman in a speech on May, 9, 1950. This date, the “birthday” of what is now the EU, is celebrated annually as Europe Day.
There are five EU institutions, each playing a specific role:
European Parliament (elected by the people of the member states); Council of the EuropeanUnion (representing the governments of the member states); European Commission (Driving force and executive body); Court of Justice (ensuring compliance with the law); Court of Auditors (controlling sound and lawful management of the EU budget).
These are flanked by five...

...the Eurozone and uses the Euro as their currency, with the European Central Bank being their central bank. The United Kingdom has decided to stay out of the EuropeanUnion and stick with their currency of the Pound. Their central bank is the Bank of England located in London. Both of these countries are 2 of the biggest, most powerful countries in the EuropeanUnion so they both have quite the impact on how theEuropeanUnion behaves.
Both France and the United Kingdom are members of the Economic and Monetary Union of the EuropeanUnion. While France is a full member of the Eurozone, the United Kingdom is only a member of the Economic and Monetary Union of the EuropeanUnion with an opt out from the Eurozone.
The European Central Bank in June of 1998 and in December of that year the conversion rates between the eleven national currencies and the Euro were established. There was then a 3 year transition phase where the Euro was actual currency and so were the national currencies, although the national currencies had ceased to being printed and legally ceased to exist. The function of the European Central Bank is to administer the monetary policy of the countries in the Eurozone. The current President is Mario Draghi, the former governor of the Bank of Italy....

...Pros and Cons of the EuropeanUnion
Do you think it is useful to join into a union especially the EuropeanUnion to strengthen their economic positions? The question could be simple to answer but an individual must look much deeper into the situation. For instance, what are the pros and cons of joining a union? The EuropeanUnion has many pros but also many cons.
TheEuropeanUnion was formed in February 1992 with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. It consist of originally twelve members  Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and Germany. Those twelve members originally formed the EuropeanUnion until 1995 when three other countries joined the Union  Austria, Finland, and Sweden. The EuropeanUnion currently is formed of twenty-five members with the ten new members  Cyprus, Malta, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia being added in 2004. In 2007 two other countries (Romania and Bulgaria) could join the EuropeanUnion. EuropeanUnion covers a mass majority of the Europe and the current Union membership covers a population base of nearly half a billion people. In...

...The EuropeanUnion; a curse or a blessing?
The EuropeanUnion started in 1951 with the collaboration of six countries to pool the steel and coal resources of its member-states under the name ‘European Coal and Steel Community’. This formation evolved into what is now the largest free-trade zone in the world with 27 countries using a single market. The EuropeanUnion has caused growth and power for Europe and convenience for its citizens, but it also always had its share of criticism. For this essay the following statement is discussed: "The creation of the EuropeanUnion was a bad idea, and the EU should be abandoned to prevent the financial crisis from getting worse." This essay will clarify why this stand should be objected.
Let’s begin by saying that the EuropeanUnion is flawed and is in no way perfect. This essay is not meant to sketch an untrue illustration about the EuropeanUnion, but rather to clarify why it would be impractical and unreasonable to abandon the EuropeanUnion.
The financial crisis in Greece put a great amount of pressure on the EuropeanUnion. The huge debt and the deficit management has caused for the country to go bankrupt, which means that the EuropeanUnion needed to step in...

...The European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is an agreement between participating European nations to share a single currency, the euro, and a single economic policy with set conditions of fiscal responsibility. Since the euro entered in circulation in 2002, the EuropeanUnion has become more and more powerful. However, in 2008 when the economic crisis dramatically started with a huge bank investment from the bank in the United states of America “Lehman Brothers », “Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc was a global financial services firm. Before declaring bankruptcy in 2008, Lehman was the fourth largest investment bank in the USA, doing business in investment banking, equity and fixed-income sales and trading (especially U.S. Treasury securities), market research, investment management, private equity, and private banking. On September 15, 2008, the firm filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection following the massive exodus of most of its clients, drastic losses in its stock, and devaluation of its assets by credit rating agencies. The filing marked the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history, and is thought to have played a major role in the unfolding of the late-2000s global financial crisis.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehman_Brothers. Unfortunately the EuropeanUnion had to face complex conflict. In this essay, we will pinpoint the benefits and the challenges of the EMU in the...