ABSTRACT:Weeds are spreading faster and creating serious problems throughout world with increasing population. Change in climate poses further challenge for weed management. Weeds have major environmental, economic and social impacts; triggering damage to natural agricultural lands, waterways, landscapes and coastal areas. The economic loss due to weeds is in thousand billions globally per annum. Many measures and methods are in existence to manage the weeds and their effects. The early detection and eradication is the prevention method and most effective means of weed control. Integrated weed management could be the damage control tool for upcoming years.Key words: Global face of weed, Invasive weed, impact of weed, economic loss, integrated weed management

ABSTRACT:Physico chemical parameters such as pH, Total dissolve solid (TDS), Total hardness, Total alkalinity, Chloride, Sulphate, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate values, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Fluoride and Turbidity are measured and analysed for six station of Wadhvan Taluka of Surendranagar district. All the parameter measurements are made in terms of three different seasons such as WINTER, SUMMER and MONSOON. Results obtained are compared in terms of their highest value and lowest values among six stations in terms of 13 parametersKEYWORDS: Ground water, COD, BOD, Calcium content, Turbidity.

ABSTRACT:Low oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble dosage form poses a great challenge during formulation development. Poor water solubility and low dissolution rate are issues for the majority of upcoming and existing biologically active compounds. Ziprasidone Hydrochloride (ZH) is BCS class-II drug having low solubility and high permeability. The aim of the present investigation was to identify critical formulating and processing parameters which influences on quality of the nanosuspension. Nanosuspension formulation of a poorly soluble drug was developed using nanoprecipitation-ultrasonication technique. A total of 8 experiments were generated for screening 5 independent factors namely the amount of Ziprasidone Hydrochloride (mg) (X1), amount of stabilizer (mg) (X2), solvent to anti-solvent volume ratio (X3), stirring speed (rpm) (X4) and sonication time (min) (X5). Mean particle size (nm) (Y1) and Saturation solubility (µg/ml) (Y2) were selected as dependent factors. The obtained results showed that nanosuspension prepared with the Poloxamer 407 has improved saturation solubility as compare to all other stabilizers. Result also revealed that concentration of drug and stirring speed were found to be promising formulating and processing parameters having prominent effect on quality of Ziprasidone Hydrochloride nanosuspension.KEYWORDS: Ziprasidone Hydrochloride, Nanosuspension, Nanoprecipitation-ultrasonication, Plackett and Burman design

ABSTRACT:A simple, accurate and precise First Order Derivative, Induced Dual Wavelength and Dual Wavelength Methods are developed for the simultaneous estimation of Trimetazidine hydrochloride (TMZ) and Metoprolol succinate (METO) in tablet dosage form. First Order Derivative method was developed using two wavelengths which are 243.93 nm (ZCP of METO) was used for quantification of TMZ and 268.92 nm (ZCP of TMZ) was used for quantification of METO. Induced Dual Wavelength was developed for TMZ shows similar equality factor (absorbance ratio=1.897) and difference absorbance at 270nm (?max of TMZ) and 254nm, while METO shows similar equality factor (absorbance ratio=3.852) and difference absorbance at 274nm (?max of METO) and 254nm. Dual Wavelength was developed TMZ shows similar absorbance at 280 and 260 nm for estimation of METO, while METO shows similar absorbance at 264.20 and 282.60 nm for estimation of TMZ. The linearity was established for above method over the concentration range of 40-200?g/ml for TMZ and 54-270?g/ml for METO with correlation coefficient R2 for First Order Derivative 0.9990 and 0.9996, for Induced Dual Wavelength 0.9995 and 0.9991 and for Dual Wavelength 0.9998 and 0.9993 respectively. Water was used as a solvent.The results of the analysis were analyzed and validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines. It can be used for routine analysis of two drugs in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations.KEYWORDS: Trimetazidine Hydrochloride (TMZ), Metoprolol Succinate (METO), First Order Derivative Method, Induced Dual Wavelength Method and Dual Wavelength Method.

ABSTRACT:Breast cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer death in women. Eighty per cent of women diagnosed are alive at five years. It is the leading cause of death in women aged 40-55 years. Potential herb Gendarussa vulgaris is a bioactive plant that has been used as an ethanomedicine to treat various diseases. This experiment is aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the root of Gendarussa vulgaris on MCF7 cell line and vero cell line. The effect of defatted methanolic extract of root of Gendarussa vulgaris at 100, 500, 1000 µg/ml concentration and compared with standard Vinblastine on MCF7 cell line using MTT cell viability assay and Trypan blue assay was evaluated. MTT cell viability assay of methanolic extract of root shows 7.3% cytotoxity at 1000µg/ml concentration in MCF 7 cell line. MTT cell viability assay of methanolic extract of root shows 24.9 % cytotoxity at 1000µg/ml concentration in vero cell line. The methanolic root extract of Gendarussa vulgaris does not shows cytotoxic activity in VERO &MCF 7 cell line.KEYWORDS:Gendarussa Vulgaris, MCF 7 7 cell line, Vero7 cell line, Breast cancer

ABSTRACT:Aim & objective: To study the nephroprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 and pentoxifylline on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in animals.The study would be beneficial to understand the effects of coenzyme Q10 and its combination with pentoxifylline on experimentally induced nephrotoxicity in animals and to study the histopathology of kidney.Material & Method: Nephrotoxicity was experimentally induced by cisplatin. Coenzyme Q10 (10mg/kg, i.p), pentoxifylline (45 mg/kg, i.p) and its combination were evaluated for their nephroprotective effect in cisplatin induced nephrotoxic rats. Serum bio-chemicals parameters like Creatinine, Albumin, Calcium, Magnesium and Uric acid were measured using enzymatic kits commercially available. Further histopathologic studies were carried out.Results: Coenzyme Q10 and pentoxifylline treated group showed significant decrease in serum creatinine, magnesium, calcium, uric acid and albumin levels Histopathologic studies showed that rats treated with coenzyme Q10 and pentoxifylline individually retain minimal inflammatory cellular infiltration and retain the tissue to normal structure, while combination of both coenzyme Q10 and Pentoxifylline showed normal kidney tissue architecture.Conclusion: coenzyme Q10 and pentoxifylline has a nephroprotective effect that was proven by biochemical and histopathological analysis. Coenzyme Q10 and pentoxifylline has been shown nephroprotective activity with greater protective action as compare to alone dose treatment.KEYWORDS: coenzyme Q10, pentoxifyllin, cisplatin, nephrotoxicity

ABSTRACT:The unwanted unintentionally propagated plant species with crops, called as weeds may have inhibitory effect on bothersome weeds. Part of plant as whole or their extract or their metabolite can be used as Allelopathic plant. Although any of these parts have which kind of effect on any selected plant; is matter of study. In current study such phenomenon has been explained in brief. The study shows that almost every plant has some allelopathic effect by any way on any other plant. The mechanism of action may be Volatilization, Leaching, Root exudation, Decomposition and act as herbicide for other plant.KEY WORDS:Weed, Allelopathy, Allwlopathic species, Mechanisam of inhibition

ABSTRACT:The objectives of this study were to determine the perceived anxiety levels in children visiting dental OPD. Convenient sampling technique was used in children aged 8-12 years visiting the department of Pedodontics and preventive dentistry at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. One hundred and twenty patients participated in the study. The total perceived levels of anxiety in children had a mean of 70.65, Standard error of mean= 1.142and standard deviation=12.506. Cronbach's Alpha for domain showed high value of .857 which denotes reliability of the questionnaire used. There are no perceived differences in anxiety levels with respect to dental settings in patients visiting dental clinic.KEYWORDS: Children's anxiety, children's anxiety rating scale, dental anxiety, dental fear.

ABSTRACT:Liquisolid technique is a novel approach for the concept of dosage formulation to improve the bioavailability, dissolution rates and rapid disintegration of water insoluble drugs via oral route of administration. In this technique of formulation involves drugs dissolved in suitable non-volatile liquid vehicles, and converted in to powdered forms of liquid medications compact, they are compressible and acceptably industrial applicable by combination with selective powder excipients. The liquisolid technique allows the formulation transformation into solid drug delivery systems. With this technique as compare to commercial conventional tablet it shows confirmed increasing dissolution rates in addition to improved bioavailability. Approach has been successfully applied for poorly soluble drugs in release of low dose enhancement. However, for the high dose drugs one of the limitations for the formulation because of more liquid/vehicle required for the drug dissolution procedure as well high amounts of carrier and coating material are required in due course foremost to an unacceptably high tablet weight.KEY WORDS:Liquisolids, Class II drugs, solubility enhancement, carriers coating materials, Liquid medication

ABSTRACT:Combination therapies are widely used to treat cardiovascular and diabetic patients. Current study is designed to develop fixed dose combination of anti diabetic and anti hypertensive drugs to treat hypertension in patients suffering from diabetics. Fixed dose combination was designed as bilayer tablets with immediate release and sustained release layers. Immediate release was loaded with drugs that required for immediate action by achieving blood level immediately and sustained release layer to maintain the drug concentration throughout the time as designed. Antidiabetic drug Alogliptin Benzoate and antihypertensive drug Valsartan were incorporated in immediate release layer to show immediate action whereas Metformin HCl was loaded as sustained release layer to maintain the drug level throughout the targeted time period. Immediate release layer was manufactured using direct mixing process with optimized disintegrant concentration for faster release. Sustained release layer of Metformin HCl was manufactured employing wet granulation approach using HPMC and POLYOX resin as release control polymer in combination. Formulation was optimized using statistical designed. Physico-chemical parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability and in-vitro dissolution of bilayer tablets were evaluated..KEYWORDS: : Fixed dose combination, Bilayer, sustained release, antidiabetic and antihypertensive, HPMC K100LVCR & POLYOX WSR 301

ABSTRACT:PEG-SO3H was found to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the one pot synthesis of various quinoxaline derivatives from condensation reaction between 1,2-diamines with 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds in ethanol to affords excellent yields. Synthesis was attempted at room temperature using ethanol as the solvent. Heterogeneity of the catalyst allowed its recycling for five times with almost retention in catalytic activity. Reaction carried out at room temperature shows special advantageous because it has contribution in the green chemistry aspect. KEY WORDS: Quinoxaline; antioxidant activity; heterogeneous catalyst; o-phenylenediamine; 1, 2- diarylketone.