A blog about research, awareness, prevention, treatment and survivorship of Breast Cancer and all cancers, including targeted scientific research and a grassroots approach to increase screening for cancer, especially in the low income and under-insured population of El Paso, Texas, with a view to expand this new health care model to many other 'minority' populations across the United States and beyond

Thursday, March 21, 2013

BETA 4 INTEGRIN: a gene that does more than being an adhesion molecules it is the road to a poorly described and not well recognized pathway

The LysRS-Ap4A-MITF signaling pathwayThe LysRS-Ap4A-MITF signaling pathway was first discovered in mast cells, in which , the MAPK pathway
is activated upon allergen stimulation. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS),
which normally resides in the multisynthetase complex with other tRNA sythetases, is phosphorylated on Serine 207 in a MAPK-dependent manner.[30]
This phosphorylation causes LysRS to change its conformation, detach
from the complex and translocate into the nucleus, where it associates
with the MITF-HINT1 inhibitory complex. The conformational change
switches LysRS activity from aminoacylation of Lysine tRNA to diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) production. Ap4A binds to HINT1, which releases MITF from the inhibitory complex, allowing it to transcribe its target genes.[31] Activation of the LysRS-Ap4A-MITF signaling pathway by isoproterenol has been confirmed in cardiomyocytes, where MITF is a major regulator of cardiac growth and hypertrophy.[32][33](wikipedia)

Not
only it gives Hypertrophy but epidermolysis goes through this
intergrin, it participates in the ERBB pathways. Mark my word this is
are critical pathways in pancreatic cancers.

MTIF GIVES YOU MOTIVES TO GO AFTER IT!MAKING THE ERBIN A PLAUSIBLE TARGET.MAKING
ALSO A STRONGER CASE THAT MEMBRANE CYTOSKELETON SHOULD BE A GOOD TARGET
BECAUSE OF THE WAY IT DRIVES ITS PATHWAY NOT THROUGH THE CYTOSOL(
ALTHOUGH THERE IS A SECONDARY RAS/MAPK STIMULATION,) BUT THE PATHWAY
HERE IS THROUGH THE RETICULUM ENDOTHELIUM DIRECTLY TO THE NUCLEUS!
CONCEPTUALLY, AN ANTIBODY TO LAMININ ATTACHED TO A SUBUNIT OF A
LIPOLYTIC COMPOUND SHOULD HAVE A THERAPEUTIC OR CHEMICAL EFFECT AT THIS
LEVEL. AN INTERESTING APPROACH. CHANCES ARE IT MAY ALSO HAVE A STRONG
IMPACT ON THE WNT-PATHWAY WHICH TRAVEL CLOSE BY AND IS IMPORTANT IN
BREAST CANCER!

MTA-1: THIS IS A REAL OPPORTUNITY
Here
the cell stopped fooling around trying to lie to you. Here the cell
says to you this is one of my way to metastatasize. yes this is my gene
to mestastasize and I will work like any CBF like molecule by attaching
to DNA and make me protein that will have me spread like wild fire!
And by the way I will use a growth hormone like Estrogen. no kidding
around
"MTA1 has been shown to interact with HDAC1,[4][5]Histone deacetylase 2,[4][6][5]MTA2,[4]Estrogen receptor alpha[7][5] and MNAT1.[8] MTA1 has also been shown to inhibit SMAD7 at the transcriptional level[9]"

IT DOES NEED TGF TO WORK, TGF IS FOR LOCAL GROWTH ANYWAY THAT WHY IT BLOCKS THE SMAD.

SPINT2
Mutation
at SPINT2 leads to significant Malignant Ascites and peritoneal
invasion, SPINT 2 is a suppressor of this phenomena. On the Intestinal
membrane deficiency of SPINT2 leads to sodium induced/containing
diarrhea. This is also true in Ovarian cancer or peritoneal based
tumors. Targeting this is better then trying Avastin, a blind approach
when it comes to effusions management.

MMP11

A
metalloproteiase, aimed at breaking down extracellular matrix and be on
the move. Targeting MMP for cancer has proven futile. The cell is not
stupid, it does not put out things that is going to hunt it! It
first builds a strong inhibitor to metalloproteinases. In fact lack of
inhibitors has been recognized as the main pathogenesis of TTP. With
the ADAMs being the integrins involved! and next is that Inhibitor
which is of course expressed in pancreatic cancer.

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, also known as TIMP1, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, is a glycoprotein that is expressed from the several tissues of organisms.
This protein a member of the TIMP family. The glycoprotein is a natural inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix. In addition to its inhibitory role against most of the known MMPs, the encoded protein is able to promote cell proliferation in a wide range of cell types, and may also have an anti-apoptotic function.
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PRKCA see PRKCG
Here
Phorbol esters, diacylglycerol, and calcium become important for the
cell performance of various functions. Did I mention few targets, I
truly believe I did!

CDH1 The Cadherin by excellence,
not only important as adhesion molecule and role in metastasis. Its
role is amplified by what else anchors here such as Vinculin, and others
molecules such as Plakoglobins, amplifying the role. Remember even
Cytochrome C is anchored at the mitochondrial membrane and its release
leads to apoptosis!
The anchors are legitimate targets therefore,
and brings to mind NACA1 in the anchoring to Histone deacetyl
transferase (SEE OUR LEUKEMIA SECTION) CDH13 THAT'S ANOTHER BALL GAME
ALL TOGETHER. THE CELL TWEACKS SOMETHING AND IT IS ANOTHER BALL GAME
ALL TOGETHER!
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