Chapter 10 The Urban World

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2 Overview of Chapter 10 Population and UrbanizationCharacteristics of Urban PopulationUrbanization TrendsCity as an EcosystemEnvironmental Problems in Urban AreasEnvironmental Benefits of UrbanizationUrban Land Use PlanningTransportation and Urban DevelopmentSuburban SprawlMaking Cities More Sustainable

3 Population and UrbanizationMilestone: As of 2008, half of the world’s population lives in urban areas

4 Population and UrbanizationProcess in which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated citiesJobs define urban vs. rural, not populationsRural area occupations involve harvesting natural resourcesUrban area occupations involve jobs not connected with natural resourcesPeople are moving to cities due to decrease in employment opportunities in rural areas

5 Characteristics of Urban PopulationBasic characteristics of city populations:Diverse population in terms of race, ethnicity, religion and socioeconomic statusYounger population than local rural areaMore males in developing nation citiesMore females indeveloped nationcities

7 Urbanization Trends Urban AgglomerationUrbanized core region that consists of several adjunct cities or megacities and their surrounding developed suburbsUnited States Urban Agglomerations(Population of 50,000 or above)

8 Substandard Housing Typically occupied by squatters No city servicesWater, sewage, garbage collection, police and fire protection1/3 of urban population in developing countries are squatters

9 City as an EcosystemUrban Ecosystem: A heterogeneous, dynamic urban area studied in the context of a broader ecological systemStudied based on four variables: POETPopulationOrganizationEnvironmentTechnology

12 Environmental Problems in Urban AreasBrownfieldsUrban areas of abandoned industrial or residential sites that may be contaminated from past use

13 Environmental Problems in Urban AreasLong commutesBuildup of emissions due to cars and industryUrban heat islandLocal heat buildup in an area of high population densityAffect local air currents and weather conditionsContribute to buildup of pollutants- dust domes

16 Environmental Benefits of UrbanizationWell-planned city can benefit the environmentReduces pollutionPreserves rural areasCompact DevelopmentDesign of cities where residential buildings are close to shopping, jobs and public transportation

17 Urban Land Use PlanningProcess of deciding the best use for undeveloped land in a given areaBased on economic concernsInfluenced by political and economic factorsRegulated through zoningCommercialResidentialIndustrialProperty owners must meet zoning ordinances

19 Suburban Sprawl Suburban Sprawl ProblemsPatchwork of vacant and developed tracts around the edges of citiesProblemsLoss of wetlandsAir & water pollutionLoss of biologicalhabitat

20 Suburban SprawlSmart Growth: urban planning and transportation strategy that mixes land usesCommercialManufacturingEntertainmentHousingAt least 11 states are currently using these management laws

21 Making Cities More SustainableCharacteristics of a sustainable cityClear, cohesive urban growth policiesEfficient use of energy and other resourcesReduction of pollution and wasteLarge areas of green spaceDesigned to be people-centers, not car-centeredFood grown IN the city (rooftop gardens)Compact development