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ANAT UNIT 1 FINAL

DEEP BACK AND SUBOCCIPITAL REGION

Question

Answer

These four mucsles (2 bilateral for a total of 4) comprise the spinotransversales muscle group:

SPLENIUS CAPITIS AND SPLENIUS CERVICIS

This muscle arises from the inferior half of the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of the C7-T4 vertebrae and inserts into the mastoid process of the temporal bone. It lies deep to trapezius in the neck.

SPLENIUS CAPITIS

The unilateral action of splenius capitis is:

IPSILATERAL BENDING AND ROTATION OF THE FACE

Bilateral contraction of the splenius capitis muscles results in:

EXTENSION OF THE NECK

This muscle arises from the spinous processes of T3-T6 vertebrae and inserts into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the C1-C3. It lies inferior and anterior to splenius capitis.

SPLENIUS CERVICIS

The most lateral of the erector spinae muscles initiating from the lumbar region and ending in the cervical region are:

ILIOCOSTALIS: LUMBORUM, THORACIS, CERVICIS

The two middle erector spinae muscles from thorax to skull are:

LONGISSIMUS: THORACIS, CERVICIS, CAPITIS

The most medial and least substantial of the erector spinae muscles are:

SPINALIS: THORACIS, CERVICIS, CAPITIS

The transversospinalis muscles consist of these three muscle groups:

SEMISPINALIS: (THORACIS, CERVICIS, CAPITIS), MULTIFIDI, ROTATORES

Unilateral contraction of multifidus results in:

LATERAL FLEXION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND CONTRALATERAL ROTATION

Bilateral contraction of multifidus results in:

EXTENSION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

These muscles are the deepest of the transversospinalis group and are most likely important in stabilizing the vertebrae and in proprioception.

ROTATORES

These minor deep muscles are involved in posture:

INTERSPINALES AND INTERTRANSVERSARII

These minor deep muscles run in the same oblique direction as the rotatores but lie lateral to them. They are involved in inspiration.