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Summary

Comparative Politics Today is the text that defined the discipline of comparative politics and continues to set the standard for the course with and the most current country study chapters available. The chapters on England, France, Germany, Russia, Japan, India, and the United States have all been thoroughly updated. As in the previous edition, theoretical chapters (Chapters 1-7) at the beginning of the book explore the "purpose of government" and provide students with a framework for understanding comparative politics. The theoretical section is followed by 12 individual country studies. All country studies are written by pre-eminent specialists on that particular country, ensuring that students have the most reliable information and insights into the political systems of those nations.

Table of Contents

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

Contributors

xxi

PART ONE Introduction

Issues in Comparative Politics

1

(30)

What Is Politics?

1

(1)

Governments and the State of Nature

2

(1)

Why Governments?

3

(3)

When Does Government Become the Problem?

6

(5)

Political Systems

11

(1)

States

11

(5)

Building Community

16

(6)

Fostering Development

22

(5)

Securing Democracy, Human Rights, and Civil Liberties

27

(4)

Key Terms

29

(1)

Suggested Readings

29

(2)

Comparing Political Systems

31

(15)

Why We Compare

31

(1)

How We Compare

32

(2)

Systems: Environment and Interdependence

34

(2)

Structures and Functions

36

(4)

An Illustrative Comparison: Russia in 1985 and 2002

40

(3)

The Policy Level: Performance, Outcome, and Evaluation

43

(3)

Key Terms

44

(1)

Suggested Readings

44

(2)

PART TWO System, Process, and Policy

Political Culture and Political Socialization

46

(16)

Political Culture

46

(1)

Mapping the Three Levels of Political Culture

46

(6)

Political Socialization

52

(1)

Agents of Political Socialization

53

(5)

Trends in Contemporary Political Cultures

58

(4)

Key Terms

60

(1)

Suggested Readings

60

(2)

Interest Articulation

62

(19)

Citizen Action

62

(3)

Interest Groups

65

(6)

Access to the Influential

71

(4)

Policy Perspectives on Interest Articulation

75

(1)

Interest Group Development

76

(5)

Key Terms

78

(1)

Suggested Readings

78

(3)

Interest Aggregation and Political Parties

81

(20)

Personal Interest Aggregation

81

(2)

Institutional Interest Aggregation

83

(1)

Competitive Party Systems and Interest Aggregation

84

(8)

Authoritarian Party Systems

92

(2)

The Military and Interest Aggregation

94

(2)

Trends in Interest Aggregation

96

(1)

Significance of Interest Aggregation

97

(4)

Key Terms

98

(1)

Suggested Readings

98

(3)

Government and Policymaking

101

(28)

Constitutions and Decision Rules

101

(2)

Democracy and Authoritarianism

103

(1)

Separation of Government Powers

104

(3)

Geographic Distribution of Government Power

107

(1)

Limitations on Government Power

108

(2)

Checking the Top Policymakers

110

(1)

Assemblies

111

(4)

Political Executives

115

(7)

The Bureaucracy

122

(7)

Key Terms

126

(1)

Suggested Readings

127

(2)

Public Policy

129

(27)

Government and What It Does

129

(1)

Extraction

130

(3)

Distribution

133

(4)

Regulation

137

(3)

Community-Building and Symbolic Policies

140

(1)

Outcomes: Domestic Welfare

140

(4)

Domestic Security Outcomes

144

(2)

International Outputs and Outcomes

146

(2)

Political Goods and Values

148

(2)

Strategies for Producing Political Goods

150

(3)

Trade-offs and Opportunity Costs

153

(3)

Key Terms

154

(1)

Suggested Readings

154

(2)

PART THREE Country Studies

Politics in England

156

(50)

Richard Rose

Current Policy Challenges

158

(1)

The Constraints of History

159

(3)

The Environment of Politics

162

(5)

The Structure of Government

167

(10)

Political Culture and Legitimacy

177

(3)

Political Socialization

180

(3)

Political Participation and Recruitment

183

(3)

Organizing Group Interests

186

(4)

Party System and Electoral Choice

190

(4)

Making and Delivering Government Policies

194

(8)

Policy Outcomes and Changes in Society

202

(4)

Key Terms

203

(1)

Suggested Readings

204

(2)

Politics in France

206

(54)

Martin A. Schain

Current Policy Challenges

207

(1)

A Historical Perspective

208

(1)

Economy and Society

209

(2)

Constitution and Governmental Structure

211

(3)

Political Culture

214

(4)

Political Socialization

218

(4)

Mass Participation and Voting

222

(5)

Recruitment and Style of Elites

227

(2)

Interest Groups

229

(4)

Political Parties

233

(10)

Policy Processes

243

(6)

The State and Territorial Relations

249

(3)

Performance and Prospects

252

(8)

Key Terms

256

(1)

Suggested Readings

257

(3)

Politics in Germany

260

(54)

Russell J. Dalton

Current Policy Challenges

262

(1)

The Historical Legacy

263

(3)

Following Two Paths

266

(3)

Social Forces

269

(2)

The Institutions and Structure of Government

271

(5)

Remaking Political Cultures

276

(5)

Political Learning and Political Communication

281

(3)

Citizen Participation

284

(2)

Politics at the Elite Level

286

(1)

Interest Groups

287

(3)

The Party System

290

(6)

The Electoral System

296

(3)

The Policy Process

299

(4)

Policy Performance

303

(5)

The Policy Challenges of Unification

308

(2)

After the Revolution

310

(4)

Key Terms

311

(1)

Suggested Readings

312

(2)

Politics in Japan

314

(50)

Frances Rosenbluth

Michael F. Thies

Current Policy Challenges

316

(2)

Historical Origins of the Modern Japanese State

318

(1)

The Occupation

319

(2)

Political Institutions and the Policy Process

321

(9)

Electoral Systems and the Nature of Electoral Competition

330

(5)

The Japanese Party System

335

(7)

The Internal Organization of the LDP

342

(1)

Political Participation, Voting Behavior, and Interest Groups

343

(4)

Political Culture and Issue Cleavages

347

(4)

Policy Performance

351

(6)

Concluding Thoughts About Japan's Democracy

357

(7)

Key Terms

359

(1)

Suggested Readings

359

(5)

Politics in Russia

364

(48)

Thomas F. Remington

Rebuilding Russia

365

(1)

Current Policy Challenges

366

(1)

Historical Legacies

367

(5)

The Contemporary Constitutional Order

372

(9)

Russian Political Culture in the Post-Soviet Period

381

(4)

Political Participation

385

(3)

Interest Articulation: From Statism to Pluralism

388

(5)

Parties and the Aggregation of Interests

393

(6)

The Politics of Economic Reform

399

(4)

Rule Adjudication: Toward the Rule of Law

403

(4)

Russia and the International Community

407

(5)

Key Terms

408

(1)

Suggested Readings

409

(3)

Politics in China

412

(48)

Melanie Manion

Current Policy Challenges

414

(2)

Historical Setting

416

(1)

Political History of the PRC

417

(3)

Chinese Society

420

(1)

A Communist Party-State

421

(1)

Political Structures

422

(8)

Elite Recruitment

430

(1)

Rule by Law

430

(2)

Political Socialization

432

(2)

Political Culture

434

(2)

Political Participation

436

(6)

Interest Articulation and Aggregation

442

(2)

Policymaking and Implementation

444

(3)

Corruption

447

(2)

Policy Performance

449

(5)

Hong Kong

454

(1)

Taiwan

454

(1)

China's Political Future

455

(5)

Key Terms

456

(1)

Suggested Readings

456

(4)

Politics in Mexico

460

(56)

Wayne A. Cornelius

Jeffrey A. Weldon

Current Policy Challenges

463

(1)

Historical Perspectives

464

(8)

Political Culture and Socialization

472

(4)

Political Structure and Institutions

476

(11)

Recruiting the Political Elite

487

(2)

Interest Representation and Political Control

489

(2)

Political Parties

491

(11)

Government Performance

502

(8)

Mexico's Political Future

510

(6)

Key Terms

512

(1)

Suggested Readings

512

(4)

Politics in Brazil

516

(60)

Frances Hagopian

Current Policy Challenges

517

(2)

Historical Perspectives

519

(2)

Economy and Society

521

(5)

Institutions and Structures of Government

526

(5)

Political Culture

531

(6)

Political Recruitment and Political Participation

537

(7)

Political Representation and Interest Groups

544

(5)

Political Parties and Elections

549

(10)

The Policy Process

559

(4)

Policy Performance

563

(7)

International Relations

570

(1)

Prospects for the Future

571

(5)

Key Terms

571

(1)

Suggested Readings

572

(4)

Politics in Egypt

576

(54)

Ann Mosely Lesch

Current Policy Challenges

577

(1)

The Importance of Place

578

(4)

The Legacy of History

582

(5)

Institutions and Structure of Government

587

(9)

Party System and Elections

596

(6)

Political Culture and Socialization

602

(5)

Political Participation and Recruitment

607

(2)

Articulation and Aggregation of Interests

609

(8)

Public Policy and Performance

617

(7)

Crisis of Legitimacy

624

(6)

Key Terms

625

(1)

Suggested Readings

626

(4)

Politics in India

630

(56)

Subrata K. Mitra

Current Policy Challenges

632

(1)

Beyond Indian ``Exceptionalism''

633

(3)

Some Basic ``Givens'' of the Indian Social Structure: From Hierarchy to Democratic Plurality