American Civil War - Bleeding Kansas

For a while, shortly before the Civil War, the territory of
Kansas had two governments - one for slavery and one against it.

It all started when the Kansas territory decided to apply for statehood.
At the time, the nation was divided into free states and slave states. There was
a federal law in place called the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise
of 1820 had cut the country into two parts, a top half and a bottom half, North
and South. As territories applied for statehood,
those above a certain geographical line established by the Missouri Compromise would come in as free states, those
below that line would be slave states. That would keep the balance of
power between free states and slave states even in Congress. But the people in the Kansas territory wanted to decide for themselves.
They did not want the federal government to decide for them. They held an election and voted on whether to apply as a free state or a slave
state.

Some six thouand (6,000) people voted. That was amazing, especially since there
were less than 3,000 eligible voters in the entire Kansas territory. Something
was definitely wrong. It was discovered that proslavery people from Missouri had
snuck into Kansas, pretended they were residents, and had voted for Kansas to
become a slave state. The government of the territory had a great many
proslavery politicans in its ranks. These officials decided the vote would stand even
though it was obviously a rigged election.

People in Kansas who did not want Kansas to
become a slave state were very angry. They went off to Topeka and formed their
own government. They elected a governor. They enacted a constitution. Their
constitution outlawed slavery, and denied the right of any person of color to
live in Kansas be they free or slave. Some antislavery people felt the
constitution had gone too far. Why deny free men the right to live in Kansas?
The proslavery people in Kansas were simply furious. Fist fights and bloody
riots broke out all over Kansas. One newspaper, covering
the riots, referred to the situation as "Bleeding Kansas". The name stuck.
Thanks to continuing newspaper headlines, people were talking about
"Bleeding Kansas" all over the country. Some
people argued the question of slavery, pro and con. Some people asked what would
happen if the slaves were freed? How many jobs currently held by white men would
be threatened? Other debated states rights - what should the federal government
control, and what decisions should be left up to the voters in individual
states? As the headlines continued, so did the arguments.

Finally, after years of fighting, Kansas obtained
statehood as a free state. The
situation in Kansas, and the resulting publicity given to it by various
newspapers, was
one of the major events leading up to the Civil War.