India's growth potential was once mentioned in the same breath as that of China. But the world's biggest democracy has failed to deliver, and its economy is just a fifth the size of its Asian rival. China's economy grew by 7.7% in the first quarter of 2014.

In India, structural reforms have fallen foul of political gridlock. Analysts say India needs to simplify its tax code, encourage foreign investment and streamline agricultural production. Modi will have to move fast.

Modi likes to emphasize his management credentials. He campaigned on a record of low unemployment and high foreign investment in Gujarat, the state he led since 2001.

He has promised to end policy paralysis, reduce inflation and tackle corruption. He also pledged to establish manufacturing hubs and industrial corridors, improve the tax code and reform the banking sector.

The campaign was so successful that voters gave his Bharatiya Janata Party a majority in the lower house of parliament, sparing Modi the hassle of a coalition. Still, the BJP will face opposition from the Congress Party and other rivals in the upper house.

CNNMoney (Hong Kong And London) First published May 30, 2014: 9:33 AM ET