Govt must dialogue with Boko Haram, says senator

A senator has told the Federal Government that there is no solution to the Boko Haram insurgency except dialogue with the sect.

According to Senator Abba Bukar Ibrahim, who was twice governor of Yobe State – which, along with Borno, is the epicentre of the activities of the sect – it will be difficult to fight and defeat the sect.

Boko Haram has claimed responsibility for bombings in which about 3,000 people have died.

The sect’s men have bombed churches, public institutions and telecommunication masts.

The government’s plan to go into dialogue with the sect was aborted because “the group is faceless”. The sect set conditions for the dialogue.

It named prominent Nigerians, including Senator Ibrahim and former Head of State Gen. Muhammadu Buhari, as mediators. It also proposed Saudi Arabia as venue of the talks.

Boko Haram (western education is a sin) said it wanted to islamise Nigeria.

Ibrahim told reporters in Abuja yesterday that the government should be committed to dialogue with the sect.

The member of the Board of Trustees of the All Nigeria People Party (ANPP) insisted that fighting the sect cannot stop the insurgency.

He insisted that the reason for the actions of the sect is inequality, neglect and injustice. “These are fundamental issues, which every country should really embrace in order to have a permanent peace,” he said.

The senator vowed to do everything possible to ensure that peace returns to the country especially to the North, if the government is serious about dialogue.

“My advice to the Federal Government is, when a situation like this arises anywhere in the world, you cannot fight and defeat this kind of thing by force, so, dialogue, I believe, is the best solution. Yes, they (Boko Haram) are faceless but I believe there must be a way, if government is totally committed to finding a away out.

“We can find a way really, to help dialogue with this group; after all, they are all Nigerians at least, as far as we know; even if there are foreigners, but obviously, the vast majority of them (sect members) must be Nigerians. The fundamental thing is anywhere you see this kind of thing rearing its ugly head, it is a product of inequality and injustice. These are fundamental issues, which every country should really embrace in order to have a permanent peace.

“When you go to the Northeast geopolitical zone, you’ll know, nobody need to tell you that this is the most neglected, the most marginalised part of this country as of today. Of course, all zones have at one time or another complained about marginalisation, but for the current situation we’re in now, the Northeast is terribly neglected, marginalise and nearly completely abandoned.

Senator Ibrahim again denied having any contact with the group. He said: “I don’t know them. I don’t know anybody who knows the Boko Haram physically, and as you’ve rightly said, they are not even in one group; they seem to be divided. So, whichever group or faction that has decided that there should be dialogue in Saudi Arabia, what I’m saying is that through the Saudi Arabian government, the Federal Government can get to these people; it may not be direct as they’ve refused to come out for Nigerians and Nigeria’s government to know them.”

It is high time, we stop this unnecessarily glorification of murderers and petit criminals. If inequality and injustice are cause of Boko-harmu, why killing poor and harmless citizens – who in any event, suffers the same inequality and injustice like them? Are those poor hapless church-goers the causes of such inequalities? Is poverty a prerogative of the northern people? Boko-Haramu, is nothing short of a political (militant) arms of the northern oligarchy and their Islamic fundamentalist. If the senator knows the people he can dialogue with, then let him come clear of it. All this tongue-cheeck insinuation about injustice and inequalities is clear indication from those behind the set. Poverty has nothing to do with this, it is purely political and it is a win or lose “zero sum” game.

Truth

Thank you very much…u captured my mind…this is a man that has an opportunity of changing the living conditions of his people as a Governor, yet he did nothing only to come out now and talk pure rubbish. Evil that men do lives with them…The north created this mess…and the mess would continue to live with them. The souls of the defenseless Nigerians killed by Sen Buka Ibrahim and his Boko gang will hunt them for ever

Unless it is the northern state :government; lead by Babangida Aliyu and his co-travelers that will dialogue with faceless cannibals trained and equipped by you northern leaders and not the federal government. As the great Aminu Kano said ;GOODLUCK JONATHAN HAS SEEN THE LIGHT IN A FAR HORIZON AND HAS DECIDED TO REACH THERE ALONE OR WITH ANY ONE WHO CARES TO FOLLOW HIM; SO LONG AS THE NORTH HAS DECIDED NOT TO FOLLOW HIM, LET THEM CONTINUE WITH DESTRUCTION WHILE WE CONTINUE WITH DEVELOPMENT.

“where is develop in Nigeria”Your English alone is a clear indication that you are not the caliber of persons i can talk to. By the time your people end their destruction,they will start looking for whom to blame in future. It will be a shame to your people if they stop destruction and killing of innocent souls.Those blood must continue to hunt you people even your generations yet unborn.Your people has killed over 6000 Nigerians. For your information, we are over 170,000,000 people in Nigeria even if you decide to kill 100,000,000, 70,000,000 will march on.

justiche

Don,t mind the senator, he should tell us whether Faruk Abdul Mulatab the under wear bomber,who wanted to bomb air-craft heading for US on 25th December 2009 a poor boy or an applicant.

wes

Arrant nonsense coming out from a senator. Shameless Boko Haram in disguise.
Other parts of the nation were at one time or the other marginalized but did not result to killing innocent Nigerians. The likes of the Senator are the very once emboldening these animals like Boko donkeys. They are nothing but smelling pigs and should be dealt with according to the laws of the land period.

Why do people like breaking the law. There is a law against the use of bangers,and who brought these explosive materials into the country. Why did people not report illegal deport of these materials to the police. Let us be more security conscious.

Madalla Bukar

Mr senator,bit how can the govt negotiate with face-less terrorist? Let the govt know who they(boko haram are. As far as the truth is concern any negotiator or third party is a member. Nigerians are not fools Hon. Senator!

Sunny Akhigbe

My dear senator, you said you don’t know them, the federal government does not know them; did the Saudi Arabian authorities tell you that they know them? It should be the responsibility of you the political leaders in that zone to try identify the faceless group and lead them to dialogue with the federal government here in Nigeria. The little in a “neglected and marginalised” region is being destroyed yet the political leaders are playing the ostrich. Is that not self inflicted double tragedy?

Blacklord

thank you…………….. is than more than double tragedy……..

deri

Contrary to what d northern elite will want nigerians to believe, boko haram is political/criminal. Because they av no concrete agenda. I say if this boko haran feels neglected, let them start bombing federal and state governmnet properties like d niger delta militants did, why do u bomb xtians in church, schools ,mast of telcos, bomb the house of assembly,govt house, ministry ,assassinate a senator or governor,then we will know truly this people are marginalised,they can even blow up d bridge in their town. People like el rufai,bashir yusuf ,ciroma dr ,mohammed,want us to believe its bcos of poverty, and I ask these shameless elders as muslims was dat the practise of holy prophet? Are muslims told to bomb innocent people bcos of poverty?? Shameless liars

Joseph Gardner, there is huge difference between boko haram and the other groups you mentioned. It is only boko haram that are seeking to impose their religion on us by violence. Now Christians cannot worship on Sundays or celebrate important occasions like Christmas and Easter. The other groups are hungry criminals and that’s why it is easy to pacify them and they did not single out any religious sect for senseless killing. Boko haram cannot be pacified because they are not hungry. They are well funded by northern politicians and other dark forces outside the country. There has never been suicide bombing in this country until the emergence of boko haram. It is absolutely wrong to compare boko haram and other criminal groups in the country.

YSF

Arrant nonsense from a “distinguished” senator

ihesiaba f c

Yes, Yes, I agreed with the suggestion of the ex-Governor,but my trouble is the wrong term ‘DIALOGUE’ . The correct word there is ‘BEG’ . Yes, the federal govt. should beg the BOKO HARAM sect. Just approach them, beg them, and give them what they want, not what the politicians want. They are entitled to self determination, that is, to Islamise the whole Northern states.

Arrant nonsense indeed my broda Wes,what is this senator talking about, that these beasts are fighthing because of injustice, inequality and poverty? Abba Ibrahim who ruled for 2 full terms in Yobe, what did he do to address the so-called poverty and the other smokescreen that the failed Northern politicians are using to hide the real intension of these sadists.B H is all about 2015, and they will fail because they do not mean well for this country. Nigeria govt should not yeild to such cheap blackmail.These criminals must be treated as common criminals they really are.Dialogue my foot!

Tobaba

When you were the Yobe state governor, with the limited resources that you had, what did you do? You nothern elite perpetuate the injustice more and one day you would account for your deeds.

Baba Oniwura

It is very unfortunate that this man called Senator Abba Bukar Ibrahim is a conscienceless man. I am sure this man is not a Nigerian but for the porous borders of the Northern Nigeria that allow Islamic wanderers to enter Nigeria, his true identity, like Shugaba, would have long been established. The Northern part of Nigeria through the military coups have more states than the Southern part, collected more money on Local Government Authority bases and number of states than the Southern part, even the latter has more population. You squandered your resources, neglected your people deliberately and bombed facilities in those states and now you are claiming NE was neglected. God will judge you one day for this wickedness. YOU WANT GOVERNMENT TO NEGOTIOATE WITH MURDERERS. YOU ARE NOT BOTHERED ABOUT THE CHRISTIANS THEY HAVE DECLARED WAR AGAINST, AND SOME GOOD FAITHFUL MUSLIMS WHO ARE AGAINST THEIR WICKEDNESS . Sir, you will someday meet God face to face and your personal role in this crisis you will give account of. You are supposed to be an elderly man, a father to this Nation, but you chose to be unreasonable. YOU WILL SOON FACE GOD AT THE JUDGEMENT SEAT.

willybee

The worst thing this government can do is to dialogue with murderers and their sponsors and sympathisers like senator Aba Ibrahim. When the Niger Delta Militants felt aggrieved and decide to take up arms (rightly or wrongly against the government), they did not target any particular religious groups and this is one reason it was fairly easy to dialogue with the militants. But here we have a satanic group being sponsored from within and outside killing innocent people and one senator is blaming it on poverty. Poverty is found in same proportion across all parts of the country. Why are the poor people in Enugu or elsewhere not killing Hausa / Fulani Muslims living in their communities? The government should never dialogue with Boko Haram. The government should continue its military action until Boko Haram is destroyed or the Hausa / Fulanis find another country for themselves where they can practice their satanic and murderous version of Islam. Osama Bin Ladin could not hide forever. Boko Haram and their sponsors cannot hide forever. Their end will should come.

chum

Senator great talk.
You governed Yobe Stae for 8 years. Name the projects you completed while in office and number of people employed.

How many educational institution did you build and how many students graduated from High School while you were in power?

Did Yobe State get Federal allocation while you were in power? If no how did you survive and still went on to become a Senator. Please spare us and continue to live in your Glass House

stevens

Who made this Ibrahim senator? From Gov to SENATOR. WHAT DID U DO 4 UR PPLE ROGUE, LIAR, BOKO HARAM IBRAHIM. HOW CAN U SHAMELESSLY SAY GOVT MUST DIALOGUE WITH U AND UR SECTS. AM CONVINCE U ARE ONE OF D SPONSORS AND GOD WILL JUDGE ALL OF U. D BLOOD OF THOUSANDS WHO HAVE BEEN KILLED IS ON ALL OF U INCLUDING BUHARI. SHOULD GOVT NEGOTIATE WITH MURDERERS LIKE U? HOW CAN JIHADISTS ASK GOVT TO COME TO SAUDI ARABIA TO TALK Y NOT JERUSALEM OR VATICAN CITY? GOD PUNISH U SO CALLED SENATOR AND ALL U NORTHERN ELDERS INVOLVED IN THIS EVIL. NIGERIA CAN NEVER BE ISLAMISED. TRUTH WILL PREVAIL OVER EVIL AND WICKEDNESS.MR IBRAHIM I HOPE U R READING THIS.U R THE BIGGEST FOOL AND WICKED PERSON OF 2012.HOLD UR HELD IN SHAME. UR NORTH WILL EVER REMAIN POOR 4 AS LONG AS DEY HAVE REFUSED TO ACCEPT DAT JESUS CHRIST IS D ONLY WAY. HE BROUGHT LOVE, JOY, PEACE AND ETERNAL LIFE.Y MUHAMMAD BROUGHT DEATH, MURDER,BLOODSHED,DECEIT, WICKEDNESS,LIARS AND INJUSTICE.JESUS CHRIST WILL JUDGE UR MUHAMMAD ON D LAST DAY. NO WHERE TO HIDE. REPENT AND ACCEPT HIM NOW BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE. THANK U.

Maduka Tochukwu

Such statements should not come from a senator.if there is any zone that should cry of injustice,inequality and maltreatment is the Southeast that have been battered by succesive governments in Nigeria.They have survived by sheer will power.We neeed to come together to disscuss if we should really exist as a country and stop these senseless killings!

Dennis

Maduka, we are not coming to discuss about our existence. Nigeria is already existing and there is nothing to come together to discuss again. Period. What we must come together to discuss is TRUE FEDERALISM. Every region should manage its own resources and that will put a final stop to all this nonsense. It is crystalizing out that Senator Buko Haram Ibrahim is strongly connected to Boko Haram.

Josh George Abe

Shameless Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. As a law maker, is it not shameful for him advocating contrary means of handling Boko Haram instead of what the law of the land prescribes. The north has ruled us for as long as God knows; yet they have left their people more impoverished than ever. No education, no industries, no hospitals, no water, no electricity and so on. Having failed their people, they are now using Boko Haram to kill innocent people. Did the likes of Atiku, Babangida and Buhari not say that they would make the country ungovernable for GEJ? The die is cast, come 2015. No more voting on party platform. You think using Boko Haram is the key to your political sucess but on the contrary, it’s yout waterloo. The North must forget any presidential ambition for the next 37years. Go and put your house in order then come back and beg Nigerians for forgiveness.

I do not understand what really wrong with non peace loving people in Nigeria. Let the Government dialogue with them. Some people say they are faceless[when they are not jins] .Those who killed Bola Ige and the likes, are they face open ?

Gham

It shows how weak the government is, when an ex-gov (with sympathy) for BH can tell the Fed government to dialogue,even frill Shagari never gave maithasini a chance.Na wa o

taju

which part of the world is this senator talking about? he probably talking about banana republic.how can any sane person justify the killings of is fellow citizen with fight for inequality,neglect and injustice? senator we have court system in nigeria where boko haram can go and fight for justice.in a democratic parts of the world , government that worth it salt doesn’t dialogue with killers.if it does it would be about death penalty or life imprisonment

Jude

I don’t know anybody who knows the Boko Haram physically, and as you’ve rightly said, they are not even in one group; they seem to be divided. So, whichever group or faction that has decided that there should be dialogue in Saudi Arabia, what I’m saying is that through the Saudi Arabian government, the Federal Government can get to these people; it may not be direct as they’ve refused to come out for Nigerians and Nigeria’s government to know them.”

Are u now saying u don’t know senators Ndume and Zanna?
Why dialoque in Saudi Arabia
U the leaders of the north are the secret sponsores of boko haram. Remember up to now they have not been able to bomb any mosque (am not praying for it) because they are properly guarded?)
U don’t know them so who do u want to go and dialoque with?

barr. prince barinua victor

1. i agree that the north east is marginalised. The question is who marginalised them? All the military heads of state of Nigeria with the exception of a few have been northerners. Abacha, buhari, ibb, gowon, shehu shagari, murtala mohamed, ahmadu bello, abdusalam abubakar etc. Upon all d money they stole why did they not develop the northern region when awolowo was busy sending his ppl to school??

2. If the boko haram are fighting inequity as he says, why then are they bombing churches and killing christians? Why dont they attack the northern elite who have never done anything for them? Why are they saying that western education is sin? Why are they rejecting advancement? Did d marginalisation of the north start today? Why are they now killing ppl who never marginalised them and why now that jonathan is in power?

3. I believe that the northern elite are funding boko haram to upset their percieved injustice in d oil revenue allocation formula which favors d oil producing states more. They also want to do a repeat of what happened wit militants in d niger delta so that the fed govt wil dialogue and release more money to them but they fail to see that d nd militants were fighting for real issues whichh were open for all to see unlike the faceless and aimless boko haram

Salman Farisi

@Sunny Akhigbe, Yes the senator doesn’t know them. But we have not forgotten that the president claimed to know them. T|hat may be the premise within with the senator is giving the advice. 1st October 2010 bombings, the president claims to know the bombers. Also Mr president claims to have them among his palace chiefs. There is also this claim by NSA (now late) that they are known and are even elements of the ruling party.

The FG should engage them in dialogue or use the might of the state to crush them. Lives are and are being lost.

SAMPSON

MY DISTINGUISH SENATOR IT IS NOT ONLY THAT HAVE SAID BUT THE PROBLEM WITH PDP AND JONATHAN IS THAT THEY ARE THE BACKER OF A WING OF BOKO HARAMS,THERE 3 SETS OF BOKO HARAMS,THE YUSUF MOHHAMED SET,THE PDP SET AND THE CRIMINAL SET,SO THAT IS WHY JONATHAN DOES NOT WANT TO DO WHAT HIS BOSS DID TO HIS OWN PEOPLE NIGER DELTA.
IT WAS HERE TWO MONTHS THAT GEN NONUO MENSAH GHANA NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER TOLD OUR GOVERNOR T A ORJI TO ADVICE JONATHAN TO DO WHAT UMARU YARADUA DID AS THE GOVERNOR NARRATED HOW HE OVER COME THE KIDNAPPERS IN ABIA SYTATE BY OFFER AND PROCLAIMING AMNESTY HENCE YARA DUA DID NOT INCLUDE THE ABIA MILITANTS,HE FURTHER SAID THAT ABOUT 4500 MILITANTS RESPONDED TO HIS OFFER POSITIVITY,THAT WAS WHEN OSISISNKANKWO REFUSED TO ACCEPT HIS OFFER THAT HE ORDERED THE POLICE AND ARMY TO GO AFTER HIM AND HIS STUBBORN BOYS BEFORE THEY AMBUSHED AND KILLED,
MY DEAR SENATOR STOP WASTING YOUR ADVICE AND TIME HE JONATHAN AND PDP ARE DOOMED TO FAIL SO BOKO HARAMS ARE KIDNAPPERS ARE GODS AGENTS TO BRING TO PASS HIS PLAN AND PURPOSE OVER ALL THE EVIL PDP SINCE 1999.BOKO HARAMS AND ANY OTHER THINGS CONFRONTING US WILL COME AN END IN 2015 WHEN THE OPPOSITION WILL TAKE OVER,

Samson, pls if the oposition u are talking about are pert or masterminders /sponsors of this boko harram, U should stop them b/cos they may also be consumed by the same boko haram b/4 your timing of 2015.

Why do Northern Elders and so-called leaders always run away from saying and standing by the truth?.Sen Ibrahim you are opening your mouth to defend criminality and deep down in your heart you know this.Very soon this crisis will visit your home and you will cry with no one to console you because you have shown the seeds of discord and bitterness.

eagelgold

God of justice will surely come after you so called Boko haram. The people you destroyed or killed will also come after so get ready to face your evils you committed . I weep

lkiki nabil

The govt is ready to dialoque with them.But who are these pple?What grieviances do they have with the govt ? Let the whole Nigerians know like the case of Neger deltans [email protected] Joseph, you made mention of OPC, Okijia Shrine kidnappers etc.Tell me how many churches did these pple burnt .They did not call for the president to be a convert of islam/christianity or resign,neither did they request that their issue can only be settled outside the country as the case with boko who cited saudi arabia as the only place for their atrocities to be settled.so who is fooling who?As for me i will be very happy to see anybody who will come out boldly to say i am a boko haram.i raise my case here.QED.

Biafra is real

senator are u telling nigerians that boko haram have head office in saudi arebian? how can u dialogue, their stand is clear they want to islamise the country. western education is a sin and they are now using western weapon killing innocent people. are u sure you are not among them? police take note

Luke Avbode

Honourable Senator Sir, pls help us to call this your boko haram from Niger, Mali, Saudi-A etc together. We know they are obeying you the northern leaders. Then the FG can chat with them. Thanks.

Blacklord

pls, boko boys go ahead bomb every where in the north and when you guys are done,,,,, you then tell me where you guys will hide…….

pastor stephen.a atkongu

Senator Abba tukur is a joker and a fool, i ever see. why should he suggest such demonic and satanic thing. These satanic and beasts had commited hideous crime against the christians and other unfortunate nigerians. If they are talking about marginalise or inequality, is that the way to go about it. They should start to attack the emirs, ex-governors, ex-military head of sate, ex-senetors, ex-ministers, and plotical advisers, these are folks who made them poor and mesirable. It not the christians, that should bear the brunt of these wicked acts.

Blacklord

“When Sandra (Blacklord wife) sees what I’m like, she probably wishes I wasn’t back in politic. I can’t be bothered with anyone, I’m just a nightmare, an absolute nightmare. It’s scary, it’s wrong.”

To de senator :-” Duk wanda ya daure kura ,shine kawai mai kwanche ta”.This hausa adage implies thus, “whoever ties(breeds) a hyena/monster is the only one who can untie(kill) that same hyena/monster”.This northern leaders know how it started,therefore they should find de solution.Afterall it is in their zone,it is from their religion,tradition and also character.

Hmmmmm! Senator Abba can you please answer me this question? Is boko haram fighting govt or christians? Its better for you to ask christians to dialogue with boko haram than to ask govt to dialogue withboko haram.

Bayo’ Omobepade

Sometimes I imagine if tertiary institutions in some insane northern states are awarding d right degrees.Bukar Aba Ibrahim cannot win a councilorship seat in d southwest,nt to talk of a governor and senator.Its a shame on northern nigeria 4 allowing pepu like dis useless talkative and maverick individual rule ova them,wat a pity

kariyoung

I have been suspecting this senator for along time of being the sponsors of boko haram, because it all started while he was governor he made sure sharia was introduced in his state. If the mechanic senator is not a sponsor how did he know what boko haram is fighting for? And should all Nigerians take arms every time they have a problem?

U do not bargain with criminals. B H is an organization formed by the Northern elites to frustrae the administration of GEJ. Pls. continue with that strategy, first it will back fire on u to hinder dev. in ur region, second, come 2015 u tell Nigerians why a Southern or Christian should not be the President, knowing fully well that because GEJ is a christian u have sworn never to allow his admin. to dev. Nigeria. Let us borrow a leaf from the recent plane crash of Gov. Yakowa and would urge the Fed for a strong investigation. Mr. Senator go fix ur house, majority of Nigerians today are educated and can read ur political manipulaltions. It is old school

Emmason

@ Alhassan! I thank you for standing for the truth no matter whose ox is gored, He was there for 8years without giving them political dividend of democracy. And enthroned himself as a senator yet the fed. Govt. Were marginalizing them, Northern Oligarchy and senator plus co sponsorers never condemn boko haram activities now they can’t organise themselves together and know the bokoharam whether they are ghost or human yet he want pple like GEJ or any southerner to travel to ne to identify with the murderers,

We were not to be allowed the selfish luxury of focusing our own interest on our own homes.This are the words of prime minister Tafawa Balewas Address to the nation on independence day. What are our leaders of today’s generation say to us instead they say comfort for ourself and our family.That is what they say to u .

true observer

imagine surgestion! he even went ahead and pute a most i was full anger reading such a heartless and wicked surgestion dialugue with terrorist and muderers of souls mr senator God will judge you and your groups

oj london

This is the problem with this country called Nigeria. In any developed country, the leader of the terrorist organisation like this stupid ibrahim will not be walking up and down the street. He will be locked up. But what type of person do we have as a president? a man who is a coward. If Jonathan or the FGN representative goes to saudi to negotiate with the terrorist it then become clear that the saudi govt. is the one behind them and we shall all rise to it.Ibrahim was talking of poverty, what was the population of his state that had over twenty local govts.or kano that had forty-one local govts. while Lagos was given twenty local govts seven less than katsina of 2.8million male, female, goats, horses, camels, donkeys & cows. You got more allocation than any southern state, what can you show for it you this terrorist.

Gwami

This is not a surprise that Gov. Abba Bukar is confessing on boko haram. Let it be known that, this same, know what was sown, for that reason “kuran da suka kwanto, su san yadda zasu daure” if not north eastern states will continue to reap what they saw.

Bswan

Perhaps Irwin and Coulter know them? LOL

Jude

Was the so-called injustice caused by Xtians?

BABA

Boko Haram’s actions of the sect is inequality, neglect and injustice Injustice? by who? against who? Can the psycho senator answer these questions? You ruled Yobe for about 10 years from creation. Your brother Abacha ruled Nigeria for 8+years during created the desert state, put you there and the two dump heads couldn’t develop common structures. Then who do you claim is disenfranchising your moronic almajiris? common old Boko haram breeder, wake up and see that your days are up. Govt will never dialogue with murderous morons but will soon eliminate the murderers as during the Yar adua and OBJ regimes when they were scattered by govt forces. Keep on dreaming until yobe becomes an abandoned ghost town. Old Mad Dog in the house of Senate. gosh!!