2. Types of records for criminal trials and what they contain

Trial records consist of a variety of documents but rarely are there any that contain transcripts of evidence or details of the age of the accused.

2.1 Crown and gaol books

The best place to begin a search in the assize records is in the Crown and gaol books, also known as minute books or agenda books. These usually list:

names of the accused

charges against the accused

plea

verdict

sentence

2.2 Indictments

The indictments are the formal statement of the charge against the accused, usually annotated with plea, verdict and sentence and filed in large unwieldy bundles.

2.3 Depositions

Depositions, sometimes known as sessions papers, consist of pre-trial witness statements but have been heavily weeded and only depositions in death penalty cases, usually murder and riot, tend to survive.

Deposition files, especially those from the mid-20th century or later, may also contain items used as trial exhibits, including:

photographs

maps

appeal papers

2.4 Other records

The other records on criminal trials (see below) can sometimes include:

coroners’ inquisitions

calendars of prisoners

jury lists

appeal information

3. Key to criminal trials records 1831-1971

You will need to browse these records by date, you cannot search by keyword. For more advice on how to browse, read catalogue search help.

4. Types of records for civil trials and what they contain

4.1 Minute books

Civil actions started in the central courts were sent to the counties for a local jury trial by a process called nisi prius. The assize judges recorded brief details, verdict and sentence for these trials in the minute books before sending the actions back to London.

4.2 Other records

Other records in civil trials can include:

pleadings

statements of claim, defence and counterclaim

draft minutes of trials

correspondence of the assize clerks, mostly administrative

financial business including fees and costs

5. Key to civil trials records 1843-1970

You will need to browse these records by date, you cannot search by keyword. For more advice on how to browse, read catalogue search help.