For example, improved sensors, increased computing power and artificial intelligence are leading to increased automation in transport. The government has already said it expects to see fully self-driving cars on UK roads by 2021 and the benefits of automated transport could include increased safety, improved accessibility and better use of urban space.

As part of the Future of Mobility Grand Challenge, the government has confirmed £12.1m of funding for six simulation and modelling projects for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). They are:

OmniCAV – A testing certification tool that can be used by accreditation bodies, insurers and manufacturers to accelerate the development of CAVs