Government Archive

This paper discusses the concepts ‘empire’ and ‘hegemony’, provides a new model of the institutional structure of ancient ‘citizen-city-state empires’, and argues that the contemporary USA cannot be defined as an ‘empire’.

Was Kushite kingship ideology based on a notion of joint rule? To what extent did the 25th Dynasty adopt kingship ideology from Egypt? Further, how did the Kushites govern Egypt and Kush and did one king rule over both lands?

Most Neronian interventions concerning the layout of the city have been made after the Great Fire of A.D. 64. Two of the few previous important interventions were the new arrangement of the via Recta and the construction of the pons Neronianus, giving access to the area with the new baths Nero built near those of Marcus Agrippa.

In this study, I explore administration, appointment policies and social hierarchies in the period between AD 193 to 284, in order to define changing status and power relations between the highest ranking representatives of imperial power at the central level.

The Pottery Mound sealings apparently give a rare, contemporary glimpse into the ramping up of the palace educational system during the reign of Menkaure, suggesting that the seeds of the bureacracy of the Fifth Dynasty may have been planted by Menkaure at the end of the Fourth Dynasty.

The province of Dalmatia was divided into three juridical districts (conventi iuridici): Scardona, Salona and Narona, of which the first was organized on the basis of the territorial principle and encompassed a higher number of municipalities (civitates) at once, while the Salona and Narona conventus communities were registered in accordance with narrower kinship communities, i.e. decuria.

Most will agree with the observation that Augustus was a master of what shall we call it? Spin? There will be disagreement as to the integrity of his claims. I prefer to follow the teachings of Edwin Judge that Augustus was so much in control of language that he could bend its specificity to say precisely what he wanted to say and to say what could not be gainsaid.

The recovery, however, proved to be too superficial for the continuing prosperity of either Gaul or the Western Roman Empire. The problems of the imperial government continued with little relief. The government still had to drive out and keep out the barbarians...

Rome levelled her subjects in crashing, shattering defeat and then lifted them up to share a pride in her that could capture the discriminating Jewish intelligence of a Paul. Her supreme victory came when the superiority and desirability of her civilization were admitted among civilized men.