The Reference scenario and the Energy [R]evolution scenario are based on the same projections of population and economic development.
The future development of energy intensity, however, differs between the reference and the alternative case, taking into account the measures to increase energy efficiency under the Energy [R]evolution scenario.

energy demand by sector

Combining the projections on population development, GDP growth and energy intensity results in future development pathways for the ASEAN region’s final energy demand.These are shown in Figure 5.1 for the Reference and the Energy [R]evolution scenario. Under the Reference scenario, total final energy demand increases by 115% from the current 14,819 PJ/a to31,875PJ/ain2050.IntheEnergy[R]evolutionscenario, final energy demand increases at a much lower rate by 23% compared to current consumption and it is expected to reach 18,190 PJ/a by 2050.

Under the Energy [R]evolution scenario, due to economic growth, increasing living standards and electrification of the transport sector, electricity demand is exptected to increase in both the industry sector, in the residential and service sectors as well as in the the transport sector (see Figure 5.2).Total electricity demand will decrease from 605 TWh/a to 2,275 TWh/a by the year 2050. Compared to the Reference scenario, efficiency measures in the industry, residential and service sectors avoid the generation of about 1,080 TWh/a. This reduction can be achieved in particular by introducing highly efficient electronic devices using the best available technology in all demand sectors.

Efficiency gains in the heating and cooling sector are even larger. Under the Energy [R]evolution scenario, demand for heating and cooling is expected to increase until 2030 and remains rather constant afterwards (see Figure 5.4). Compared to the Reference scenario, consumption equivalent to 3,374 PJ/a is avoided through efficiency gains by 2050. As a result of energy-related renovation of the existing stock of residential buildings, the introduction of low energy standards and ‘passive climatisation’ for new buildings, as well as highly efficient air conditioning systems, enjoyment of the same comfort and energy services will be accompanied by a much lower future energy demand.