What Does an X-Ray Technician Do?

X-ray technicians (also known as X-ray technologists or radiologic technologists) use cutting-edge imaging methods to visualize the inside of the human body. The pictures they create help physicians to diagnose and treat illnesses or injuries with great accuracy. Technicians have a unique opportunity to work with some of the most exciting and groundbreaking medical machinery available. They also get the satisfaction of assisting and supporting patients, including those who are nervous or in pain.

When a patient arrives for an imaging study, the technician takes a brief medical history, explains what to expect and answers the person’s questions. Next the patient is positioned on the equipment and shielded against ionizing radiation. The technician then performs the required studies while adhering closely to the physician’s written orders. In some cases, the technician works with a physician called a radiologist to analyze the images and determine whether additional tests are necessary.

X-ray technicians work with a wide variety of imaging technologies, including:

Traditional X-ray machines

Computerized axial tomography (CT)

Fluoroscopy

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Film and digital mammography

Some X-ray technicians are generalists while others specialize in a particular type of machine or clinical area (such as breast imaging). Because technology advances quickly, there is always something new to learn, and technicians continuously upgrade and enhance their skills through continuing education.

In addition to operating imaging equipment, X-ray technicians are responsible for basic maintenance and upkeep of the machines. They also keep detailed records of each procedure.

Workplace Details

Until a few years ago, almost all X-ray technicians worked in hospitals. However, many health systems now offer MRI, mammography and other imaging services on an outpatient basis. Today, roughly a third of technicians work in physician offices and specialized diagnostic centers.

Most X-ray technicians work full time. In facilities that provide round-the-clock care, their shifts most likely include some evenings, weekends and holidays. Technicians in outpatient settings are more likely to work regular business hours.

X-Ray Technician Salary & Job Outlook

State

Average Wage

California

$76060

Texas

$55680

Florida

$52960

New York

$67400

Pennsylvania

$56880

Hover over any state to explore local income and job growth data.

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According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median pay for radiologic technicians and technologists is $57,450 - much higher than the median salary for all health technology occupations. The middle eighty percent of radiologic technicians earn between $38,660 and $82,590 annually. Earnings vary across geographic areas and are generally highest where there is a shortage of healthcare workers.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that the employment of radiologic technologists will increase by 9% between 2014 and 2024, which is considered faster than the average for all occupations. An aging population will require more diagnostic imaging services in coming years. Additionally, new federal laws mean that a growing number of people will be insured, likely leading to a greater demand for the services of X-ray technicians.

Compare Salaries by City

10th Percentile

50th Percentile

90th Percentile

Los Angeles CA Median Pay

$70050 Per Year

$33.67 Per Hour

New York City NY Median Pay

$69940 Per Year

$33.62 Per Hour

Steps to Become an X-Ray Technician

1

Earn an associate degree at minimum.

Beginning in 2015, technicians have been required to obtain at least an associate degree in order to be eligible for certification. Previously, technicians could complete a one- or two-year certificate program in radiologic technology, but now those programs are only acceptable for students who have obtained a prior associate degree in a different field. You could think of the certificate programs as “bridge” programs in that regard; they are not a substitute for a degree, but rather they provide a path those who’ve already earned an unrelated degree.

Whether you’re a candidate for a certificate program or instead are looking for an associate or bachelor’s degree in radiologic technology, make sure you choose a program from an accredited institution in order to be eligible for national certification through The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). A number of states require that the program be accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT). Check with your state’s medical board to make sure you are fulfilling requirements.

Programs in X-ray technology include courses in anatomy, biology and physics. Students take an in-depth look at the complex interactions between radiation and living tissue. Some programs also cover phlebotomy and intravenous drug administration. Most X-ray technicians complete both classroom and practical training.

2

Become ARRT-certified.

Not all X-ray technicians are officially required to earn certification; in some states, you must get certified in order to become licensed. But regardless of your location, employers certainly expect job applicants to be certified, so you are strongly advised to obtain ARRT certification. Skipping this step could put you at a severe disadvantage when seeking a job.

3

Get licensed if required by your state.

A majority of states require licensure, though the requirements are not consistent. Candidates must meet educational requirements and pass an exam, but some states waive the testing requirement for technicians who are ARRT-certified. Others simply require ARRT certification in order to be eligible for licensure. Check with your state’s medical board to see if licensure is required in your state and, if so, to learn about the specific requirements.

4

As you gain experience, consider your options for advancement.

Experienced X-ray technicians can expect salary increases and greater flexibility in scheduling and shift selection. There are also numerous opportunities for radiologic technicians to specialize in a clinical area of interest such as MRI or cardiac imaging.

Exploring Degree Paths

ASSOCIATE DEGREE

2 years

An associate degree or higher is required for certification as radiologic technologist. However, this degree doesn’t need to be in radiology in order to qualify. (For more information on becoming an x-ray technician after earning a degree in another field, see the section below on certificate programs.)

If you’re entering the field with no previous degree, earning your Associate in Applied Science in radiography or radiologic technology (AAS-RADT) is the fastest way to launch your career.

Many community, technical, and career colleges offer this degree program. For certification purposes, it’s important to choose a program approved by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). Before entering an AAS program, you’ll usually need to complete prerequisite classes in anatomy and physiology, writing, algebra, and statistics.

Study how machines produce x-ray images that allow us to see inside the body.

Radiation biology and protection

Covers how radiation affects the body and safety procedures related to exposure.

Associate degree students also complete extensive clinicals (work-based learning) under the supervision of an experienced X-ray technician or physician.

BACHELOR'S DEGREE

4 years

Universities offer several types of bachelor’s degrees in radiologic technology - Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Technology or Radiologic Science (BS or BSRT, and BSRS). Typically, the BS and BSRT are designed for students who are starting from scratch while the BSRS is for practicing techs who want to continue their education. However, these aren’t hard and fast rules, so read the admissions criteria for each program carefully.

There are several advantages to earning a bachelor’s degree. The longer program of study covers more imaging modalities and advanced procedures. You’ll also gain a working knowledge of healthcare quality, an area that is very important to today’s employers. Finally, you’ll gain career skills that can make you a more effective collaborator, team member, and leader.

BSRT programs are usually offered by 4-year colleges and universities. The curriculum is divided into two phases. The first, the pre-professional phase, takes 2-3 years to complete and consists of general education and prerequisite coursework. During the final 1-2 years, students enter the professional phase and complete their radiologic technology classes and supervised clinical experiences.

Some courses that are common at the bachelor’s level include:

Medical imaging pathology

Learn how disease processes work and how to recognize signs of disease on images.

Computed tomography

Introduces the science and techniques of CT scanning.

Interventional radiology

See how radiography can guide surgery and invasive procedures.

Professional development for radiographers

Study ethics, professional conduct standards, and current issues in the X-ray technology field.

Bachelor’s-level students also complete clinical rotations at hospitals, clinics, and diagnostic imaging labs.

CERTIFICATE PROGRAM

2-3 years, based on background

These X-ray technician training programs are designed for students who already hold a degree (an associate degree, at minimum) in another field. They can be found at career schools, community colleges, technical colleges, and hospitals.

Before beginning your certificate program, you’ll need to complete any prerequisites that weren’t part of your previous degree. Common prereqs include medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, writing, and college algebra.

The certificate curriculum is very similar to the professional phase of an associate or bachelor’s degree. You’ll complete clinical rotations and take classes like:

Radiologic physics

Learn what radiation is and how it’s produced and controlled in medical settings.

Basic radiographic techniques

Learn imaging protocols and how to care for patients during procedures.

Because technicians are on their feet for long periods, the job requires a high level of fitness and stamina.

Technological savvy

Technicians should enjoy hands-on work with complex machinery and be able to troubleshoot minor equipment problems.

Adherence to safety rules

Some types of imaging machines emit small amounts of ionizing radiation. To minimize exposure risks, technicians must adhere closely to safety procedures and use shielding and protective clothing when appropriate.

Additional Credentials

Certification is voluntary for many X-ray technicians. But because most employers require it, almost everyone in this field gets certified at the primary level or higher.

The first step is to obtain your Registered Technologist, Radiography (RT(R)) credential from ARRT. This requires graduation from an ARRT-approved training program, earning an associate degree or higher in any field, and passing an ethics review and knowledge exam.

Once you’re an RT(R), you can pursue specialty certification from ARRT in 11 areas. In each case, you’ll need to gain some additional education and experience before taking the certification test.