Zarafa Collaboration Platform

The Administrator Manual

The Zarafa Team

법적 공지

The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Zarafa BV under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at the creativecommons.org website. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version.

Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.

MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries.

Red Hat®, Red Hat Enterprise Linux®, Fedora® and RHCE® are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.

Ubuntu® and Canonical® are registered trademarks of Canonical Ltd.

Debian® is a registered trademark of Software in the Public Interest, Inc.

SUSE® and eDirectory® are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.

Microsoft® Windows®, Microsoft Office Outlook®, Microsoft Exchange® and Microsoft Active Directory® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

The Trademark BlackBerry® is owned by BlackBerry and is registered in the United States and may be pending or registered in other countries. Zarafa BV is not endorsed, sponsored, affiliated with or otherwise authorized by BlackBerry.

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer: Although all documentation is written and compiled with care, Zarafa is not responsible for direct actions or consequences derived from using this documentation, including unclear instructions or missing information not contained in these documents.

초록

The Zarafa Collaboration Platform (ZCP) combines the usability of Outlook with the stability and flexibility of a Linux server. It features a rich web-interface, the Zarafa WebAccess, and provides brilliant integration options with all sorts of clients including all most popular mobile platforms.

These components, together with several advanced features for large setups and hosters, are only available in combination with a support contract as part of ZCP's Commercial Editions.

Alternatively there is a wide selection of hosted ZCP offerings available.

This document, the Administrator Manual, describes how to install, upgrade, configure and maintain ZCP on your Linux server. In addition various advanced configurations and integration options are discussed.

Zarafa Collaboration Platform (ZCP) is an open source software suite capable of replacing Microsoft Exchange. It’s architecture is very modular, makes use of standards wherever possible, and integrates with common open source components.

This document explains how to perform the most common administrative tasks with ZCP.

중요

Although we, Zarafa, try our best to keep the information in this manual as accurate as possible, we withold the right to modify this information at any time, without prior notice.

1.1. Intended Audience

This manual is intended for system administrators responsible for installing, maintaining, and supporting the ZCP deployment. We assume readers of this manual will a thorough understanding of:

Linux system administration concepts and tasks

Email communication standards

Security concepts

Directory services

Database management

1.2. Architecture

In accord with the UNIX philosophy, ZCP consists of components that each take care of a well defined task. See 그림 1.1. “Zarafa Collaboration Suite Architecture Diagram” which describes the relationships between the components and the protocols used. This diagram describes a simple setup as used by most of our customers. Only the most commonly used components are shown in the diagram.

The top part of the diagram shows the clients: software appliances by which users access their data. Some of these appliances are desktop applications, some are mobile applications.

In between “The Internet” and the “Zarafa Server”, the infrastructure components of Zarafa (blue) and some common infrastructure components (grey) can be found. These components are needed to facilitate communication between the Zarafa Server and various clients. Microsoft Outlook does not need any special infrastructure, but communicates directly with the Zarafa Server using the Zarafa Windows Client.

The Zarafa Server is basically serving MAPI calls, while storing data in a MySQL database. For user authentication several methods are available (and discussed in this document), most common are servers that implement LDAP (e.g.: OpenLDAP, or Microsoft Active Directory).

The next section briefly describes each of ZCP’s components.

그림 1.1. Zarafa Collaboration Suite Architecture Diagram

1.3. Components

Installations of the Zarafa Collaboration Platform (ZCP) may consist of the following components:

Zarafa Server (zarafa-server) — The server process accepts connections for all clients through SOAP (HTTP), and stores the data in an SQL database.

Zarafa License Manager (zarafa-licensed) — The licensed process checks which features will be available dependent on the subscription for the Small Business, Professional or Enterprise edition.

Zarafa Windows Client — The Zarafa client provides access to Outlook through an interface known as MAPI. The connections with the server are handled by SOAP.

Zarafa WebAccess (zarafa-webaccess) — A full featured web interface (with an Outlook look and feel) that enables users to collaborate from any computer with an internet connection.

Zarafa Delivery Agent and Zarafa Spooler (zarafa-dagent, zarafa-spooler) — The tools which serve the email communication with the outside world. The dagent delivers mail from the Mail Transport Agent (MTA) to a Zarafa user. The spooler sends mail waiting in the outgoing queue to the specified MTA.

Zarafa Admin (zarafa-admin) — The command line administration tool is used to manage users, user information and groups.

Zarafa Caldav (zarafa-caldav) — Optional service that provides iCal and CalDAV support. CalDAV is recommended due to speed and less data transfer.

Zarafa Backup Tools (zarafa-backup, zarafa-restore) — A brick-level backup tools to create simple backups of stores and to restore (part of) those backups on a later point in time. This part is only available in Zarafa commercial editions.

Zarafa search — Optional service to provide full text indexing. This offers fast searching through email and attachments.

Apache — Serves web pages of the WebAccess to the users browser.

PHP — The WebAccess is written in this programming language.

PHP-MAPI extension — Module for PHP to enable use of the MAPI layer. Through this module, MAPI functions are made accessible for PHP developers. This effectively means that MAPI web clients can be written. The WebAccess is such a client.

Python-MAPI extension — Module for Python to enable use of the MAPI layer. Through this module, MAPI functions are made accessible for Python developers.

For connectivity with mobile devices we recommend using Z-Push (see 5.5절. “Configure Z-Push (Remote ActiveSync for Mobile Devices)”), an open-source implementation of the ActiveSync protocol. For older mobile devices, and mobile devices that do not support the ActiveSync protocol we ship the Zarafa WebAccess Mobile (zarafa-webaccess-mobile) which provides basic web interface with limited functionality. Please note that this component is deprecated and will probably be removed from future version of ZCP.

1.4. Protocols and Connections

All applications which directly connect to the Zarafa Server use MAPI in SOAP to do so (see the Architecture Diagram). Even the WebAccess uses MAPI in SOAP (provided by the PHP-MAPI extension) to connect to the Zarafa Server.

The Zarafa Windows Client is a standard Microsoft Windows compatible MAPI provider. It connects to the server (MAPI in SOAP) over the HTTP(S) protocol.

1.4.1. SOAP

SOAP is an abbreviation of Simple Object Access Protocol. It is a protocol to exchange data and make Remote Procedure Calls between applications over a network or Internet for that matter.

SOAP is based on XML and HTTP 1.1 (port 80, or port 443 in case of HTTPS). Because of these standards it is possible to connect transparently through proxies, allowing connectivity over most networks without modifications.

1.4.2. Secure HTTP (HTTPS)

The Zarafa Windows Client has the possibility to connect to the server over HTTP secured with SSL (HTTPS). When a MAPI profile from Outlook is created, it is possible to set the connection to use HTTPS. All connections over the network will then be encrypted, making eavesdropping virtually impossible.

The Zarafa Server must be configured to also accept SSL connections. By default this is disabled, because it requires the creation of SSL certificates. When the server certificate is created, SSL connections can be directly accepted from a client. As an extra option other Zarafa components (like the Zarafa Delivery Agent and the Zarafa Spooler) can also connect over HTTPS to the server and authenticate using the Zarafa Server’s private key.

1.5. ZCP Editions and Licensing

1.5.1. The evaluation subscription

When using an evaluation version, a period of time is available to test ZCP with full functionality. It is possible to continue using the current database when a valid commercial subscription is installed.

1.5.2. The ZCP Community Edition

The Zarafa Collaboration Platform community edition is licensed under the Affero GPLv3. This edition can be used with for up to three users with the proprietary Zarafa Windows Client (for connecting with Microsoft Outlook). The WebAccess, IMAP gateway and mobile synchronisation can be used for unlimited users.

참고

To have Outlook support in the community edition the proprietary License Manager component must be running. A subscription is not needed though.

1.5.3. Commercial Editions of ZCP

Small Business, Professional, Enterprise and Hosted editions require a commercial subscription. It will be explicitly mentioned in this document when a feature or component is not available without a commercial edition.

1.5.4. Active and non-active users

ZCP subscriptions are on a per-named-user basis. A base subscription is a subscription for a fixed number of users, which can be extended by adding extra Client Access Licenses; i.e. having a base subscription for 10 users and a CAL for 10 users, is functionally equivalent to having a 20-user base subscription.

Subscriptions are based on named users; i.e. 10 named users can be added in a system with 10 licensed users. However, there are also users which do not add to this user count, these are so-called ‘non-active’ users: they cannot login. An example of a non-active user is an ‘info’ or ‘helpdesk’ user. This is a user in the respect that it can receive email and has all the standard folders, but it is not allowed to login. Other users will open the ‘info’ store as a delegate store and retrieve email from there.

Each subscription automatically allows an extra amount of non-active users. The amount of non-active users is 150% of the ‘active’ user count allowed by the subscription, with a minimum of 20 non-active users. The number of non-active users was increased as of versions 6.40.8 and 7.0.0 to allow the creation of non-active archive userstores (Prior to ZCP 6.40.8 the maximum amount of non-active users was 50%).

Examples:

Subscription: 10 users

Active users: 10

Non-Active users: 20

Subscription: 400 users

Active users: 400

Non-Active users: 600

If not all active user accounts are used, it’s possible to use them as non-active accounts instead.

참고

Users are set ‘active’ or ‘non-active’ at the time of creation. It is only possible to convert active users to non-active users or vice-versa in ZCP version 6.40 and later: In earlier version the user must deleted and re-created as a different type.

In LDAP setups the non-active flag of users can be controlled through the ldap_nonactive_attribute configuration directive. When using the DB back end, it’s possible to specify the non-active flag with the -n option when using zarafa-admin to create users. The Unix user plugin uses the unix-shell of the user as specified in /etc/passwd to determine if the store should be a non-active store.

2.1. System Requirements

2.1.1. Hardware Recommendations

To give an estimate on the resource use of ZCP we have created the table below. These are merely guidelines, giving a rough estimation on what hardware is required. In this table we assume the CPU is under low load from other applications and size concerns the storage used in MySQL Server for the mailboxes.

표 2.1. Hardware Recommendations

Size of all mailboxes/Users

CPU (Cores)*

Memory

Harddisk

Raid level

< 5 GB / 1-25 users

2

2 GB

SATA, SAS

RAID1, 7.2K

> 5 - < 10 GB / 26-50 users

4

4 GB

SAS

RAID1, 7.2K

> 10 - < 20 GB / 51-100 users

4

6 GB

SAS

RAID10, 7.2K

> 20 - < 50 GB / 101-200 users

6

8 GB

SAS

RAID10, 10K

> 50 GB - < 100GB / 201-300 users

6

10 GB

SAS

RAID10, 10K

> 100GB - < 250 GB / 301-500 users

6

12 GB

SAS

RAID10, 10K

> 250 GB / 501-1000 users

8

16 GB

SAS

RAID10, 15K or SSD/7.2K Hybrid

중요

Tuning of server configuration and the software components on the specific onsite usage can drastically improve performance of your ZCP instance. For more then 500 users and larger total mailbox storage size then 250Gb and/or any high availability structures the recomendations are highly influenced and its advised to seek professional engineering support.

2.1.2. Connection/Bandwith Recommendation

In order to seamlessly connect Outlook clients to Zarafa the network latency should not be higher than 20ms. Network latencies of 200ms (500ms under exceptional circumstances) should not be exceeded in order to aid the user acceptance.

The needed bandwidth is very much depended on the individual user behavior. Based on large scale projects we use the following key figures to calculate the minimal needed bandwidth:

For implementations with more than 100 users (with external access) we calculate with an average bandwidth utilization of "x (actual amount of users) * 8kbit/s (ISDN speed)". In real world scenarios not all users will require exactly the same amount of bandwidth at the exact same time, which still leaves room to serve short term higher demands of single users (like requesting an attachment from the server).

Given these key figures (with +20% TCP protocol overhead) the following minimum bandwidth for Outlook users can be calculated: .Minimum Bandwidth Recommendations

Amount of users

Connection speed

Connection speed incl. TCP overhead

25

200 kbit/s

240 kbit/s

50

400 kbit/s

480 kbit/s

100

800 kbit/s

960 kbit/s

150

1200 kbit/s

1440 kbit/s

200

1600 kbit/s

1920 kbit/s

250

2000 kbit/s

2400 kbit/s

500

4000 kbit/s

4800 kbit/s

1000

8000 kbit/s

9600 kbit/s

Of course these are only bare minimums and providing a higher bandwidth will increase download speeds.

2.1.3. Supported Platforms

ZCP consists of a large variety of components: some back-end components that are run on Linux platforms, and components that can be installed on the computers of end-users. In this section we list the different platforms that we support.

At the start of each general release cycle (like 6.x.x or 7.x.x) we decide which plaforms are supported. Usually that means the current release of that platform and the most recent previous release. During the major release cycle supported platforms can be added but not removed.

Please use the x86_64 or 64bit packages if 64bit hardware and OS are available. It is recommended to run on 64bit whenever possible.

중요

Support for the ia64 architecture will be dropped in the ZCP-7.x.x cycle

2.1.4. Dependencies

In order to build or install ZCP back-end components a bunch of requirements have to be met. These are the main dependencies of ZCP:

MySQL, without an available MySQL Server the Zarafa Server cannot run. There is no requirement to run Mysql Server on the same machine as the Zarafa Server, therefor it is not a package dependency. MySQL version 4.0 or lower will not work correctly. ZCP is tested with MySQL 4.1, 5.0 and 5.1.

Apache or any other webserver that supports PHP. ZCP is tested with Apache 2.0 and 2.2.

PHP, standalone as CGI or, preferably, as a webserver module. ZCP is tested with PHP 4.3.x and the latest 5.x release.

Most of these dependencies are resolved automatically by the package manager of the Linux distribution that ZCP is being installed on. This allows the 3rd party components used by ZCP to be installed and upgraded automatically through the package manager of the distribution. Some dependencies in the table above are runtime dependencies, these have to be installed manually as they do not necessarily have to run on the same machine.

The default method of deploying ZCP is installing the packages on one of the Linux distributions we support, allowing the 3rd party components used by ZCP to be installed automatically through the package manager of the distribution. In this case the 3rd party components are upgraded in a standard way according to that distribution.

참고

If you’re using Debian or Ubuntu and you’re starting with a fresh install of your server, you can use tasksel to easily install the entire LAMP (Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack. This will provide all the packages which are required for the Zarafa installation script to complete successfully.

중요

We currently do not support the MySQL packages provided directly by Oracle, as they contain an already documented bug where libmysqlclient.so.* includes and exports symbols that actually belong to OpenSSL. For more information please refer to ZCP-11674 and MySQL Bug: #65055

2.2. Installation

There are roughly 4 ways to install ZCP: (1) through a distribution’s package manager, (2) using our install script, (3) manually installing packages, and (4) from source. In this section each of these methods is explained along with its pros and cons.

참고

In the community edition the package zarafa-licensed is not needed, though in order to have Outlook support in the community edition, it is necessary to run the zarafa-licensed daemon.

참고

The Multi User Calendar inside the package zarafa-webaccess-muc is a feature not available in the community edition. A valid subscription is needed.

참고

The shared libraries which provide the user plugins are installed in /usr/lib64/zarafa, instead of the /usr/lib/zarafa location. This path has to be adjusted in the server.cfg configuration file. Set the plugin_path to /usr/lib64/zarafa, so the server can find the user plugin files.

참고

The MySQL option max_allowed_packet should not be set higher than 128M. This can conflict with Zarafa offline mode in Outlook. If the MySQL option must be higher you must also update the Zarafa offline clients. Change the value max_allowed_packet in C:\Program Files (x86)\Zarafa\Zarafa Outlook Client\MySQL\My.ini on the client.

2.2.1. Installing with the Install Script

When downloading ZCP from the http://www.zarafa.com/ website (either the community edition or a commercial edition) a tarball is presented containing the following:

the packages (RPMs or DEBs depending on the distribution)

the install.sh and uninstall.sh scripts (and an additional helpers.inc file)

a folder named windows containing Windows specific binaries

The install.sh script will automatically execute the actions described under Manual Installation below. Thus, it will:

check package dependencies

install packages

check MySQL database access

ask for configuration options

The installation script is invoked with:

sh ./install.sh

After running install.sh, the server should be ready to start. Proceed with creating stores as explained by the script.

In case the install.sh script is invoked with the -config parameter, it will not install any software but ask the configuration options only.

sh ./install.sh -config

The install.sh script always configures the server to use the DB user plugin. If another user base is neccesary, please read 4장. Configure ZCP Components for information on how to configure the server.

참고

If an older version of ZCP is installed, please read 3장. Upgrading. The install.sh script is not usable in this case.

2.2.2. Manually Installing Packages

Please use the packages for the distribution used. See the distribution list in 2.1.3절. “Supported Platforms”. For other distributions it is possible to use the packages for a distribution that is the most similar, but keep in mind Zarafa cannot support those installations.

The packaging layout is displayed in the following table:

표 2.4. Package layout

Package name

Description

libical

Contains the ical library used for Caldav and iCal

libvmime

Contains the library for working with mime and rfc822 messages

libkyotocabinet16

Contains the library of routines for managing the full text search database

php-mapi

Contains the php-mapi extension

python-mapi

Contains the Python MAPI bindings for Zarafa

python-zcp-license

Contains the python licensed bindings for zarafa

zarafa

Can be used to install the complete ZCP stack on a server

zarafa-backup

Contains the zarafa backup and restore tools

zarafa-client

Contains the MAPI provider for the MAPI clients

zarafa-dagent

Contains the delivery dagent

zarafa-gateway

Contains the POP3/IMAP gateway

zarafa-ical

Contains the iCAL/Caldav gateway

zarafa-libarchiver

Contains the de-stubbing libary for the Zarafa Archiver

zarafa-libs

Contains the conversion libraries for email and calendaring

zarafa-licensed

Contains the non opensource binaries and config files

zarafa-search

Contains the full text search engine

zarafa-monitor

Contains the quota monitor

zarafa-multiserver

Contains the multi-server libraries

zarafa-search

Contains the full text search component

zarafa-server

Contains the backend server and configuration files

zarafa-spooler

Contains the spooler

zarafa-utils

Contains the administration tools, like zarafa-admin and zarafa-fsck

zarafa-backup

Contains the Bricklevel backup tool

zarafa-webaccess

Contains the WebAccess

zarafa-webaccess-muc

Contains the multi-user calendar for WebAccess

zarafa-webapp

Contains the WebApp, which is the replacement for WebAccess

zarafa-archiver-extra

Contains additional licensed archiver tools

참고

Do not mix packages of different distributions! Choose one distribution, and use only those packages. If this rule is not honored, errors will occur!

2.2.2.1. RPM based distributions

Use the following command to install the ZCP packages on RPM based distributions:

rpm -Uvh <package file>

Replace <package file> with the packages found in the tarball. Start with libvmime, libical and zarafa (in this order) then install the other packages. The package manager might find unresolved dependencies, try to install packages for these dependencies as normal would be done for that distribution (yum -i on Red Hat, zypper -i on OpenSUSE/SLES).

참고

As of Zarafa 7.1.6 the packages libboost_system and libboost_filesystem are required on SLES 11 SP3. Unforunately these packages are not part of the standard distribution and are only available from the SDK. To successfully install or update the Zarafa packages it is therefore necessary to either download the iso file of the first DVD of the SDK and include it via Zypper or add the „SDK Pool Repository“ and „SDK Update Repository“ to the online update of SLES.

2.2.2.2. DEB based distributions

On DEB based distributions (most commonly Debian and Ubuntu) use:

dpkg -i <package file>

To install the correct dependencies for ZCP apt-get or an equivalent tool can be used.

For MySQL, use:

apt-get install mysql-server

For Apache with the needed PHP support, use:

apt-get install apache2-mpm-prefork libapache2-mod-php5

If the Zarafa packages fail to install because of dependencies, please use the following command to install these dependencies:

apt-get -f install

If Apache with PHP support is installed after the Zarafa packages have been installed, please use the following command to automatically update the PHP configuration:

dpkg-reconfigure zarafa

2.2.2.3. Installing from Source

ZCP is not officially supported by Zarafa when build from source, yet in some situations — i.e. using ZCP on unsupported environments, or when preparing patches for ZCP — it is very useful to install from source. Since most of ZCP is distributed under an open source license (AGPLv3), it is in one’s right to build ZCP from source.

How to exactly install ZCP from source is beyond the scope of this document. The procedure is also slightly different for each distribution and subject to change. Please have a look at our wiki (search for ‘from source’) for the latest information regarding installation from source.

2.3. Troubleshooting Installation Issues

2.3.1. Server processes

Make sure at least MySQL 5.0 is installed. The server will only run with this version of the database server or a more recent version.

If errors when loading libraries occur or connecting to MySQL fails, the errors are printed in the log. Always check if the service was started correctly.

When an invalid configuration option is present in a configuration file, the service will not start. The wrong options will be printed on the console.

2.3.2. WebAccess & WebApp

To correctly see the WebAccess, the following PHP-extensions are needed:

gettext

session

iconv

xml

Some distributions deliver support for these extension by default through the PHP package. For SuSE distributions, these modules are provided by separate RPMs, eg:

php5-gettext-5.2.8-37.4.x86_64.rpm
php5-iconv-5.2.8-37.4.x86_64.rpm

Versions may differ for newer versions of SUSE.

For Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Debian-based distributions, these modules are provided by the normal php package which was already installed because of dependencies.

If you’re experiencing problems with sending attachments, make sure the webserver is able to create files under the WebAccess/tmp directory. If a user is directly logged off when he tries to login to the WebAccess, make sure PHP is configured with:

register_globals = off

If a distribution in combination with SELinux is used, an error message while logging in may appear when using the WebAccess. The default message suggests that the entered password is wrong or the Zarafa server is not running. When SELinux is enabled, it is blocking the connection from the webserver to the Zarafa server. The SELinux Zarafa policy to allow this can be found on http://www.zarafa.com/wiki/index.php/Zarafa_Selinux_policy.

or SELinux can be disabled by using the following command:

setenforce permissive

When it is chosen to disable SELinux, /etc/sysconfig/selinux also has to be edited, to disable it for after reboots too.

By default, the WebApp installation requires HTTPS to be configured. A Description how to enable SSL for WebAccess or WebApp can be found on http://www.zarafa.com/wiki/index.php/Securing_Zarafa_WebAccess_with_SSL. When SSL is not desired, it is possible to disable the configuration check for these security options inside the config.php file, and disable the option CONFIG_CHECK_COOKIES_SSL.

2.4. Removing Zarafa

Zarafa can easily be removed by executing the uninstall.sh script which is provided in the downloadable packages. The script takes care of the following steps:

중요

When the attachments are kept in the database, an upgrade to 6.30.x or later will grow the database storage file by the combined size of all attachments (as stored in the “lob table”). During the upgrade a temporary table to store all attachments is created and removed, since it is not possible to shrink the database storage file it will grow by the combined size of the attachments stored in it.

Information on migrating the attachments from the database to the file system can be found on our wiki.

3.2. Creating backups

Now create backups of the database and configuration files. Make a copy of the /etc/zarafa directory, which contains the configuration files.

cp -r /etc/zarafa /etc/zarafa.bck

As Zarafa stores attachments of items on the filesystem, make a copy of the attachment directory.

3.4. Performing the Upgrade on RPM based distributions

After the backups have been created the upgrade can be performed similarly to how a package would be installed manually. For RPM based installations use the following command:

rpm -Uvh <package name>.rpm

참고

In the community edition the package zarafa-licensed is not needed. Only when Outlook integration is used the zarafa-licensed daemon is required.

After the new packages are installed, the example configuration files found in the /usr/share/doc/zarafa/example-config directory can be checked for new configuration options. The new changes can also be found in the Release Notes.

For Debian based installations run the following command to upgrade the ZCP installation:

dpkg -Bi <package name>

Depending on the set of 6.x packages you may have installed, this command may end with errors on the “zarafa” and “zarafa-licensed” packages. Due to the big split and renaming of packages some conflicts are not directly resolvable by “dpkg”. If you receive any errors during the upgrade of these packages, a second try installing these packages using:

dpkg -i <package name>

or run the following command:

apt-get install -f

which should resolve everything properly.

When prompted about changed zarafa configuration files it depends greatly on you current situation what the best option is.

참고

In the community edition the package zarafa-licensed is not needed. Only when Outlook integration is used the zarafa-licensed daemon is required.

After the new packages are installed, the example configuration files found in the /usr/share/doc/zarafa/example-config directory can be checked for new configuration options. The new changes can also be found in the Release Notes.

3.5.1. Pre 6.40 upgrade steps

There are some configuration changes in 6.40 and higher versions to support new features in the Global Address Book, like contacts, dynamic groups and security groups. Especially when using the LDAP user plugin, the server will not start correctly without any changes to the LDAP configuration file being made. If the DB or Unix plugin is in use, no changes are required to the configuration files. However, it may be helpful to view them to configure new options.

To correctly support contacts from Microsoft Active Directory, the ldap_user_unique_attribute config field must be changed from objectSid to objectGuid. Since this is the unique identifier for users, changing this without updating the database will make the Zarafa server delete all users, and recreate the new detected users. This is not wanted, so it’s required to use the db-upgrade-objectsid-to-objectguid.pl script found in /usr/share/zarafa/doc/ directory. This script will detect the LDAP settings from the existing /etc/zarafa/server.cfg file and change the database to the new unique id. After the script, it’s required to update the LDAP configuration file to use the new unique attribute. Make sure the Zarafa server process is not running when using this script.

참고

When using OpenLDAP there is no need to change the ldap_user_unique_attribute.

The send-as options in LDAP are the opposite from 6.30 as of 7.0. This change is done to support groups for the sendas permissions. If the send-as options for users are used, the ldap-switch-sendas.pl script must be run. This script will update the LDAP or ADS server with the current send-as information and switches it to the 6.40 format.

In 6.40, send-as permissions are set on the user. Example: A non-active user info@company exists and some users need to send with that address in the from header. The users are added on the info@company object in the send-as attribute list.

In the LDAP configuration, the separate search base options for each object are combined in one search filter option named ldap_search_base. All other old search_base options should be removed. Also, all scope options should be removed.

Next, object types must be defined. This normally done by means of the objectClass attribute. Every user object must be defined by it’s objectClass.

Lastly, the old per object search filters may be emptied since they are double. It is still advisable to use zarafaAccount in the user filter, so the options are still available.

To protect the server from deleting users a safe mode option is available in the server.cfg. Enabling this option will disable all delete and create actions of users and groups.

Add the following option in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg to enable safe mode:

user_safe_mode = yes

Check the server logfile after starting the Zarafa Server for detection of user changes. If no users are recreated or deleted the configuration file is correct and user_safe_mode can safely be disabled.

중요

It’s strongly advised only to use the safe_mode after the upgrade. When the upgrade is successfully done, the safe_mode should be disabled. Running a production system with safe_mode enabled can result in performance issues.

참고

When upgrading ZCP 6.30 to 7.0 it’s not necessary to first upgrade to the 6.40 packages.

3.5.2. From 6.40 to 7.0.0 and higher

Due to the amount of data that needs to be converted when upgrading to ZCP 7.0 and the probable long amount of time that will take, the server will by default refuse to upgrade the database.

Upgrading the Zarafa database will take some hours at least, please keep in mind that the Zarafa system can’t be used during this upgrade. To provide some insight into the upgrade duration we created an upgrade-calculation script to run on your 6.40 installation server. The estimate is rough as we refine it on a regularly basis using community feedback. Download the script at: http://www.zarafa.com/upgrade

When you upgrade, your actual upgrade time against the calculated values greatly help us. Please inform us of your upgrade data to improve the script.

중요

Please make sure your MySQL server innodb settings are optimized. For more information about important MySQL tuning parameters, see 9장. Performance Tuning.

To upgrade the database it’s recommended to use the zarafa7-upgrade tool that comes with the zarafa-server package in ZCP 7.0. This upgrade tool will perform the necessary upgrade steps and will keep you informed about the progress. The zarafa7-upgrade tool can be found in /usr/share/doc/zarafa and requires the python-mysqldb or MySQL-python package, as well as the python-mapi packages. That last one can be found in the ZCP tarball.

Before the zarafa7-upgrade script can be started, the Zarafa-server has to be started to convert the database to the latest 6.40 database revision.

/etc/init.d/zarafa-server start

Check the logfile /var/log/zarafa/server.log for the progress of this update.

When the database is converted into the correct layout, the Zarafa-server will automatically stop and warn that the update should be executed manually with zarafa7-upgrade script. Run the script zarafa7-upgrade to convert the database layout and make the database unicode ready.

The script will convert all database tables to UTF-8 to be fully unicode compatible and will convert the database tables to new ZCP 7.0 layout. The script will report the progress of the update as showed above.

Alternatively the server can be forced to upgrade the database by starting it with the --force-database-upgrade option.

중요

Using the --force-database-upgrade option is not recommended as it has no progress indication and it can not be interrupted.

참고

When upgrading from older versions of ZCP, for example ZCP 6.30.x, the Zarafa-server will first upgrade the database to the ZCP 6.40 layout and after this update the upgrade script can be executed.

3.5.3. From 7.0 to 7.1.0 and higher

The zarafa-indexer has been replaced by the zarafa-search package. Make sure you remove zarafa-indexer when upgrading to 7.1 and install the zarafa-search package. You can remove the old index directories and files as they won’t be used anymore. All directories found in the index_path location (default: /var/lib/zarafa/index/) can be removed. The new zarafa-search application only creates .kct files and will not interfere with the old index files.

The zarafa-search options in the server.cfg file have also changed. All the old indexer options are replaced by new search options. The following config options can be removed from the old server config file:

These options are by default set, so there is no need to change these config values to use the new zarafa-search engine after the upgrade.

When using Debian or Ubuntu, please check if the file /etc/default/zarafa contains the following lines at the end.

# set to no to disable zarafa-search at startup
SEARCH_ENABLED=yes
# Location of the configuration files
SEARCH_CONFIG=/etc/zarafa/search.cfg
# Additional options that are passed to the Daemon.
SEARCH_OPTS=""

If these lines are not available, the zarafa-search service will not start automatically. The lines can be manually added or the file can be overwritten by the file provided in the package.

mv /etc/default/zarafa.dpkg-dist /etc/default/zarafa

ZCP 7.1 introduces stored procedures in MySQL to improve streaming speed used in the zarafa-search and for offline users. This changes the privileges zarafa-server needs to correctly use the MySQL database. The mysql user needs the CREATE PROCEDURE privilege, which can be given using the GRANT sql command. Please see 4장. Configure ZCP Components for a full list of all required privileges and grant examples.

Besides this the "enable_sql_procedures" option must be enabled in the server.cfg

The SQL Procedures allow for some optimized queries when streaming with enhanced ICS. This is default disabled because you must set thread_stack = 256k in your MySQL server config under the [mysqld] tag and restart your MySQL server.

참고

Note that any search indexes made with prior releases of 7.1.0 (RC or beta) need to be dropped before use with the final or RC3.

3.6. Finalizing the upgrade

After the new configuration options have been checked, the services can be started again:

Since upgrades usually include a changed php-mapi extension, the webserver has to be restarted as well:

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

or

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

ZCP 7.0 has a new improved IMAP/POP3 gateway. The new gateway offers better compatibility and higher performance by using additional information which is stored in the database and in the Zarafa attachment directory. As this addition information will use more diskspace and is only used when users are connecting over IMAP, the IMAP/POP3 features are by default disabled.

When users should have access to IMAP or POP3 this features has to manually enabled. Read more about enabling/disabling features in 8.7절. “Zarafa Feature management”.

To generate for all existing message an optimized IMAP version, the optimize-imap.py script is available. By executing this script for every existing email the envelope structure and body structure and store these entries in the database. Additionally the whole RFC822 message file is generated and stored gzip compressed in the attachment directory.

The script will only generate this data for the users who have IMAP and POP3 enabled.

To execute the script use the following command:

python /usr/share/doc/zarafa-gateway/optimize-imap.py

To optimize one or more specific users use the following command: python /usr/share/doc/zarafa-gateway/optimize-imap.py <user1> <user2> <user3>

참고

For new emails received on ZCP 7.0 the optimized IMAP data is stored automatically when users have IMAP or POP3 enabled.

Most ZCP and 3rd party components are configured by a configuration file. This section explains most common options that are set to get these components up and running. It is important to note that components usually have to be restarted to make use of updated configuration files, read more about this in the 7장. Managing ZCP Services.

In short, after modifications have been made to a component’s configuration file, that component has to be restarted with:

/etc/init.d/zarafa-<component name> restart

4.1. Configure the Zarafa Server

The Zarafa Server component is configured by a system-wide configuration file, usually located here:

The options and their default values are explained both by the in-line comments of the example file and in the following manual page:

man <component name>.cfg

For example:

man zarafa-server.cfg

If a line is not present, the default setting will be assumed. For most basic setups the defaults of the example file will work fine. In this chapter we only explain the basic configuration option of Zarafa Server.

The Zarafa Server needs a MySQL database to function, and therefor needs to know how to connect to the MySQL server and the authentication credentials for its database. It will create a database and the tables it needs at first start.

Make sure that the MySQL user that the Zarafa Server uses to connect to the database has all privileges, including the right to create a new database. Also make sure to give the user enough permissions to connect from localhost to this database, or --if the Zarafa server connects over the network to the MySQL database-- allow it to connect from the IP-address from which the Zarafa Server will connect.

For example the following MySQL statement grants all privileges to user “zarafa” with password “password” from localhost:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zarafa.* TO
'zarafa'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

If you want to restrict the privileges of the zarafa connection, the following grant command lists only the required privileges:

To configure the Zarafa Server to use the MySQL server the options starting with mysql in the zarafa-server.cfg need to be set. Once this is setup the Zarafa Zerver should start normally.

4.2. Configure language on RPM based distributions

After the creation of new users the Zarafa Server will automatically create the actual mailbox. This mailbox is by default created in the language of the Linux server. When another language is required the following configuration file has to be changed:

/etc/sysconfig/zarafa

Change the option ZARAFA_USERSCRIPT_LOCALE to the correct language, for example nl_NL.UTF-8 or fr_FR.UTF-8.

In order to use this language setting make sure the language packs are installed. Red Hat and SuSE based systems contain all language packs by default.

The option ZARAFA_LOCALE in the /etc/sysconfig/zarafa file can be used to start the Zarafa Server component in the correct language. This language setting is used to set the default options, like the Public Folder name to the correct language.

The WebAccess GUI language can be set at the login screen. This can be configured per user login.

중요

When upgrading from an earlier ZCP version, please review the language settings as from ZCP 7.0.0 the locale has to be set in UTF-8.

4.3. Configure language on Debian based distributions

When adding new users the Zarafa Server will automatically create the actual mailbox. The mailbox is by default created in english language. To create the mailboxes in english it’s required to have the en_US.UTF-8 locale installed.

When the mailbox should be created in another language the following configuration file has to be changed:

/etc/default/zarafa

Change the option ZARAFA_USERSCRIPT_LOCALE to the correct language, for example nl_NL.UTF-8 or fr_FR.UTF-8.

In order to use this language setting make sure the correct language packs are installed and configured.

To install a language pack on an Ubuntu based system, use the following command (this example is for the Dutch -nl pack):

apt-get install language-pack-nl

On Debian based systems the locale needs to be enabled in /etc/locale.gen. The following command can be used to easily enable and generate the needed locales:

dpkg-reconfigure locales

The option ZARAFA_LOCALE in the /etc/default/zarafa file can be used to start the Zarafa Server component in the correct language. This language setting is used to set the default options, like the Public Folder name to the correct language.

The WebAccess GUI language can be set at the login screen. This can be configured per user login. For non-English WebAccess languages the appropriate language-packs need to be installed as well.

중요

When upgrading from an earlier ZCP version, please review the language settings as from ZCP 7.0.0 the locale has to be set in UTF-8.

In Debian distributions the follwing entry in /etc/apache2/envvars needs to be set to force the locale for Apache, else locale specific characters might not be displayed correctly in the WebAccess.

## The locale used by some modules like mod_dav
# export LANG=C
## Uncomment the following line to use the system default locale instead:
. /etc/default/locale

4.4. User Authentication

Another important configuration option for the Zarafa Server is the user_plugin. This setting determines which back-end is used for managing users and groups. There are four options, namely db, unix and ldap and ldapms.

By default the db plugin is used as it does not require any further configuration. The ldap plugin is used most in larger setups as it proves to be most flexible and integrates nicely with an organization’s the existing infrastructure.

The ldapms plugin is required when configuring a multi-server Zarafa environment. Multi-server support is only available in the Enterprise edition.

4.4.1. The DB Authentication Plugin

This plugin uses the Zarafa MySQL database to store user and group information. The zarafa-admin tool can be used to manage users.

The DB plugin supports only basic user and group information. For more advanced configurations, we advise to use the LDAP plugin.

For more information about user management with the zarafa-admin tool, see 8장. User Management.

4.4.2. The Unix Authentication Plugin

The Unix plugin is used on a server which has all its user information setup in the /etc/passwd file. Group information will be read from /etc/group. Passwords are checked against /etc/shadow, so the zarafa-server process must have read access to this file (this process is normally run as root, so usually that is not a problem).

Since the unix files do not contain enough information for Zarafa, there are some properties of a user that will be stored in the database. These properties are the email address, overriding quota settings, and administrator settings. The zarafa-admin tool has to be used to update these user properties. All other user properties are done using the normal unix tools.

A configuration file, /etc/zarafa/unix.cfg, exists for this plugin. The default set by this file are usually enough, in-line comments explain each option. In this configuration file the uid range of users wanted in the Zarafa server needs to be defined. The same goes for the groups.

Non-active users are appointed by a specific shell, default /bin/false. These users cannot login, but the stores can be opened by other users. An administrator should setup the correct access rights for these stores.

For an overview of all configuration options of the unix authentication plugin, use:

man zarafa-unix.cfg

4.4.3. The LDAP Authentication Plugin

The LDAP plugin is used for coupling any LDAP compliant server with the Zarafa Server. This way, all users, groups and membership information can be retrieved ‘live’ from an LDAP server.

The LDAP plugin support next to the default users, groups and companies also the following object types:

Contacts — External SMTP contacts which can be used as members of distribution lists

Addresslists — Sub categories of the Global Address Book, based on a specified LDAP filter

Dynamic groups — Dynamically created groups, based on a specified LDAP filter. Therefore LDAP plugin is the recommended user plugin for ZCP.

The Zarafa Server needs two configuration directives in the server.cfg configuration file to use the LDAP backend, namely:

user_plugin = ldap
user_plugin_config = /etc/zarafa/ldap.cfg

The defaults for OpenLDAP and for Active Directory can be found in the /usr/share/doc/zarafa/example-config directory. Based on these examples the /etc/zarafa/ldap.cfg file should be adjusted to configure the LDAP authentication plugin.

4.5. Autoresponder

ZCP contains an autoresponder that can be used when a user is out of the office to reply automatically to all incoming e-mails. The autoresponder will automatically be spawned whenever an e-mail is delivered by zarafa-dagent to a store that has the ‘Out of Office’ option turned ON.

Users can manage the autoresponder of their own store as well as of stores to which one has at least secretary rights. Note that this includes public folders. Please refer to the User manual on how to manage these settings.

To prevent autoresponder loops (e.g. when sending automated responses to an automated response, which in turn sends an automated response, etc), the autoresponder will only send one autoresponse message per day for any unique sender e-mail address. The autoresponder will also not respond in any of the following cases:

Sending an out-of-office message to yourself.

Original message was to mailer-daemon, postmaster or root.

Original message was from mailer-daemon, postmaster or root.

Furthermore, the autoresponder is configured by default to respond only to e-mails in which the user was explicitly mentioned in the ‘To’ header. This means that e-mails that were received because the user was in the ‘Cc’ header or because the user was in a distribution group, are not responded to.

Most behaviour can be configured by editing the file /etc/zarafa/autorespond. This file contains the following settings, which will be used for all autorespond messages server-wide:

AUTORESPOND_CC=0

Set this value to ‘1’ to allow autoresponding to messages in which the recipient was only stated in the ‘Cc’ header.

AUTORESPOND_NORECIP=0

Set this value to ‘1’ to autorespond to all messages, even if the recipient is not stated in any header (for example when the email was directed at a mailing list or group)

TIMELIMIT=$[24*60*60]

Sets the minimum number of seconds between autoresponses to the same e-mail address

The following settings normally do not need to be modified:

SENDDB=${TMP:-/tmp}/zarafa-vacation-$USER.db

(file which stores the last date of sending per email address)

SENDDBTMP=${TMP:-/tmp}/zarafa-vacation-$USER-$$.tmp

(temporary file used during update of the database)

SENDMAILCMD=/usr/sbin/sendmail

(command used to send actual vacation message)

SENDMAILPARAMS="-t -f"

(parameters used to send actual vacation message)

If an alternate autoresponder is required, please refer to the zarafa-dagent manual page which describes how to use an alternate script (using the -a option).

4.6. Storing attachments outside the database

Since ZCP version 6.0 it is possible to save the attachments outside the database. ZCP 7.0.5 and higher will use the filesystem as default location for attachment storage.

For first time installations, the attachment storage method should be selected before starting the server for the first time as it is not easy to switch the attachment storage method later on.

To change the attachment storage location, edit the following option in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg.

For upgrades, a script exists that copies the attachments from the database to the file storage. This script can be found in /usr/share/doc/zarafa, and is named db-convert-attachments-to-files. This script can be used as follows:

참고

The script can be executed while the zarafa-server process is running.

It is only possible to convert from database storage to file storage. The <delete> switch is optional. If this parameter is given, the attachments are also removed from the database. Keep in mind that during the conversion the storage of the attachments on the harddisk will double. The amount of storage in MySQL used by ZCP can be looked up the with the following MySQL statements:

mysql> use zarafa;
mysql> show table status;

Check the data_length column for the lob table. This contains the number of bytes needed for the attachment storage.

To select this new storage method, change the attachment_storage option in the server.cfg file and point the attachment_path option to the folder where the attachments should be stored. After changing this option zarafa-server needs to be started once with the --ignore-attachment-storage-conflict parameter.

Advantages of attachments outside the database are:

MySQL does not save the large binary blobs in the database. This improves the general read and write access.

Attachments will not cause cache purges of MySQL.

you can use deduplication techniques (for example filesystem capabilities or through hardlinking) to further reduce hard disk space.

Disadvantages of attachments outside the database are:

A MySQLdump of the database is not enough for a full recovery.

Remote storage of attachments requires a new system, like folder mounted through NFS or Samba.

중요

It is very important, when choosing to store the attachments outside the database, to update the backup strategy accordingly.

중요

When using NFS as storage backend for Attachment-Store or as WebAccess/WebApp TMP_PATH we recommend turning of NFS locking by using the -o nolock mount option as this potentially can cause severe performance penalties.

4.7. SSL connections and certificates

This feature may already be available when the HTTPS Apache server is setup to proxy these connections to the Zarafa Server.

However, having native SSL connections to the server has an interesting advantage: Zarafa components running beyond localhost can login using their SSL certificate.

This section will describe how to setup certificates to add native SSL connections to Zarafa.

First, we will create the directory to contain the certificate and setup the permissions, since it contains our private key.

mkdir /etc/zarafa/ssl
chmod 700 /etc/zarafa/ssl

If Zarafa is run as another user, as described in the Running as non-root user section, do not forget to chown the directory as well.

Now we are ready to create a Certificate Authority (CA). This CA will be used to create the server certificate and sign it. We provide a ssl-certificates.sh script in the /usr/share/doc/zarafa directory, which uses the openssl command and the CA.pl script from OpenSSL. Depending on the distribution used this script can be installed in different directories. The script will try to find it on its own. If it is not found, either OpenSSL is not installed, or the script is in an unknown location, and location of the script has to be provided manually. Normally, the ssl-certificates.sh script can be run without problems.

The parameter server is added, so the name of the new certificate will be called server.pem. When the CA is not found in the default ./demoCA directory, it needs to be created. By pressing enter, the creation of the new CA is started.

Enter a password (passphrase) when asked for. This is the password used later on to sign certificate requests. Then certificate information should be entered. Do not leave the Common Name field blank, otherwise the creation will fail.

Now that we have a CA, we can create self-signed certificates. The ssl-certificates.sh script will automatically continue with this step. Enter a password for the request, and enter the certificate details. Some details need to be different from those typed when the CA was created. At least the field Organizational Unit Name needs to be different. The challenge password at the end may be left empty.

This step created a Certificate Request, that needs to be signed by the CA that was created in the first step of the script. Type the password of the CA again when asked for. The details of the certificate will be shown, and asked for acceptance. Accept the certificate.

As the last step, the public key of this certificate will be offered. Since the server certificate just was created the public key of this certificate is not needed.

Now that the the CA certificate and the server certificate have been created, SSL can be enabled in the server.cfg file, which is normally disabled. The port 237 is set for SSL connections. This port number can be changed if necessary.

server_ssl_enabled = yes
server_ssl_port = 237

The CA certificate must be set in the server_ssl_ca_file setting. The server certificate and password must be set in the server_ssl_cert_file and server_ssl_cert_pass options.

Restart the zarafa-server process, and now it’s possible to connect directly to the SSL port. Create a new Outlook profile, and mark the SSL connection option. Set the port to 237. The connection to the server has now been encrypted.

4.8. Configure the License Manager

참고

With the ZCP opensource edition the License Manager is not needed.

The License Manager (zarafa-licensed) expects /etc/zarafa/license to contain a file named base which simply holds the license key. To install a subscription key, use the following command:

<subscription key> should be replaced with a valid subscription key obtained from Zarafa or one of its partners.

참고

The subscription key consists only of numbers and capital letters.

If an extra CAL (Client Access License) is also available, the key can be added with:

echo 'CAL key' > /etc/zarafa/license/cal1

If more than one CAL are available, please install one CAL per file in the license directory. The filename of the CAL is of no importance. Sub-folders in the /etc/zarafa/license folder are not allowed.

4.9. Configure the Zarafa Spooler

The Zarafa-spooler sends email from the global outgoing queue to a SMTP server, which sends the email to the correct address.

When an email message is sent from Outlook or WebAccess, the message is placed in the Outbox folder, and a submit message is sent to the Zarafa server. The server notifies the Zarafa spooler to send the email to the SMTP server. The spooler will now start to convert the message to a normal email message. When the conversion is complete, a connection to the supplied SMTP server is created, and the email is sent to the SMTP server.

The spooler will send the email, and after the mail is sent, will move the mail automatically to the user’s Sent Items folder.

If at any time an error was found, the user will be notified with an ‘Undeliverable’ message. The message will contain an error description on which error was found. Often, the user can retry to send the message.

참고

Both external and internal emails will be sent via the MTA.

4.9.1. Configuration

The Spooler is configured the same as the server. Options in the spooler configuration file are the name or ip-address of the SMTP server, where to find the Zarafa server, and logging options.

smtp_server

The name or IP-address of the SMTP server, which will send the email to the destination. This server may also be given as an argument when starting the spooler.

server_socket

The UNIX socket of the Zarafa server. The spooler will use this socket to create a connection to the server. This value should be the same as set in the server configuration file. The default value is /var/run/zarafa.

[logging]

The spooler has the same configuration options as the server to configure logging options.

For an overview of all the configuration options of the zarafa-spooler, use:

man zarafa-spooler.cfg

4.10. Configure Zarafa Caldav

Zarafa Caldav is a component that enables users to view their calendar data by clients that support the Caldav standard, like Sunbird or Evolution. This component connects with the Zarafa Server using MAPI over HTTP.

Caldav and iCal push and retrieve complete calendars. Sunbird and other clients support both retrieving and pushing, while Evolution does only support retrieving of calendars.

The Zarafa Caldav component can be configured using a configuration file in the same fashion as the Zarafa Server. It supports both plain and SSL/TLS secured connections. To increase security it is recommended to enable secure Caldav connectivity exclusively.

The plain service will listen on this port for incoming connections. Default Value: 8080

icals_enable

Enable secure service with value yes. Default value: no

icals_port

The secure service will listen on this port for incoming connections. Default value: 8443

server_socket

The http address of the Zarafa Server. Default value: http://localhost:236/zarafa

중요

It is not advised to specify the UNIX socket here. In default configuration the Zarafa Caldav will then be trusted by the zarafa-server (as set in its local_admin_users configuration setting). Unless Zarafa Caldav is specified to run as an untrusted user, it always authenticates users even if they provide no or wrong credentials!

ssl_private_key_file

The file that contains the private key used for encrypting the ssl connections. The absolute path to the file should be used. Default value: /etc/zarafa/privkey.pem

ssl_certificate_file

The file that contains the certificate for the server. The absolute path to the file should be used. Default value: /etc/zarafa/cert.pem

The file or path to the files to verify the clients certificate with. The absolute path should be used for both options (no default).

[logging]

The Caldav component has the same configuration options as the server to configure logging options.

4.10.1. SSL/TLS

As mentioned before the Zarafa Caldav component supports SSL/TLS, for this the OpenSSL library is used.

The private key (for encryption) and the certificate (for authentication) file can be set in the configuration file with ssl_private_key_file and ssl_certificate_file.

The Zarafa Caldav component can also authenticate the calendar clients that try to connect to it verifying the client certificates using one or more verification files. This can be set with ssl_verify_client, ssl_verify_file and ssl_verify_path. Certificates can be self-signed or signed by a trusted certificate authority.

And then use the my_server_combined.pem file for ssl_private_key_file or ssl_certificate_file. Please make sure first the .key file is processed, and then the .cer file.

4.11. Configure Zarafa Gateway (IMAP and POP3)

The Zarafa IMAP & POP3 Gateway enables users to view mail stored on the Zarafa Server with an IMAP or POP3 client. For example Mozilla Thunderbird or a mobile device with Microsoft Pocket Outlook. To access the user data, the Zarafa Gateway itself connects to the Zarafa Server with MAPI.

POP3 can only retrieve the mail in the Inbox from the server. IMAP on the other hand displays all folders that can contain mail, such as Drafts and Deleted Items. All sub-folders are shown as in Microsoft Office Outlook or the Zarafa WebAccess.

The Zarafa IMAP & POP3 Gateway can be configured with a configuration file. The configuration options are:

The IMAP service will listen on this port for incoming connections. Default Value: 143

imaps_enable

Enable secure IMAP service with value yes. Default value: no

imaps_port

The secure IMAP service will listen on this port for incoming connections. Default value: 993

pop3_enable

Enable POP3 service with value yes. Default value: yes

pop3_port

The POP3 service will listen on this port for incoming connections. Default value: 110

pop3s_enable

Enable secure POP3 service with value yes. Default value: no

pop3s_port

The secure POP3 service will listen on this port for incoming connections. Default value: 995

imap_only_mailfolders

Enable only mailfolders to be shown with value yes. Default value: yes

server_socket

The http address of the Zarafa server. Default value: http://localhost:236/zarafa

중요

It is not advised to specify the UNIX socket here. In default configuration the Zarafa Gateway will then be trusted by the zarafa-server (as set in its local_admin_users configuration setting). Unless Zarafa Gateway is specified to run as an untrusted user, it always authenticates users even if they provide no or wrong credentials!

ssl_private_key_file

The file that contains the private key used for encrypting the ssl connections. The absolute path to the file should be used. Default value: /etc/zarafa/privkey.pem

ssl_certificate_file

The file that contains the certificate for the server. The absolute path to the file should be used. Default value: /etc/zarafa/cert.pem

The file or path to the files to verify the clients certificate with. The absolute path should be used for both options (no default).

[logging]

The gateway has the same configuration options as the server to configure logging options.

4.11.1. SSL/TLS

The Zarafa Gateway supports SSL/TLS using the OpenSSL library. For more information see 4.10.1절. “SSL/TLS”, as the options are exactly the same for these two components.

4.11.2. Important notes

IMAP and POP3 are provided for backward compatibility and will not provide the same experience like clients that support MAPI (Microsoft Outlook or our WebAccess). IMAP/POP3 clients use these protocols for mails only (where MAPI does mail, calendar and contacts).

Setting the Out of Office message is not possible with IMAP or POP3 clients.

Rules set in Microsoft Outlook do not work using the Zarafa IMAP & POP3 Gateway. Some clients can set rules but these rules are not related to the rules set by a MAPI enabled client.

Deleting a mail using IMAP will mark the mail for deletion. This is not shown in Microsoft Outlook and Zarafa WebAccess. The mail will be deleted when the client expunges the folder. Some clients allow to expunge folders manually and some have settings when to expunge a folder. Other clients expunge the folder automatically when a mail is deleted.

Moving mail to a different folder with IMAP is done by copying the mail to the new folder and mark the originating mail for deletion. As long as the the original mail is not expunged from its folder, the mail will be shown in both folders as stated above.

4.12. Configure Zarafa Quota Manager

Users can collect a lot of email, while disk space can be limited. The Zarafa Quota Manager can be used to set server-wide or user specific space quotas. The Zarafa Quota Manager knows three levels: warn, soft and hard quota. When one of the levels will be reached, the user receives an email with the quota sizes and which quota level was reached.

The quota settings can be configured server-wide in the server.cfg or per user via the user plugin.

When a user reaches the warning quota level, the user will receive an email with a warning and quota information. As the user reaches the soft quota limit, the user will not be able to sent email until the size of the store is reduced. When the hard quota limit is reached, email can also not be delivered to that user anymore.

4.12.1. Setup server-wide quota

The server-wide quota can be configured in the configuration file of the server:

quota_warn = 100
quota_soft = 150
quota_hard = 200

The values are all in megabytes. These values will be honored for all users present in the server. When the values are set to 0, that particular quota level is disabled.

4.12.2. Setup quota per user

By using the zarafa-admin tool, the user quota can be set for a specific user. Example:

Set the quota of the user John with the settings: Warning level to 80 Mb, soft level to 90 Mb and hard level to 100 Mb.

zarafa-admin -u john --qo 1 --qw 80 --qs 90 --qh 100

참고

Set user quota with zarafa-admin does not work with LDAP. With LDAP the properties are stored in the LDAP server per user. See the 8장. User Management for more information.

4.12.3. Monitoring for quota exceeding

The zarafa-monitor program checks every hour (by default) for users who have exceeded a quota level and sends emails to a user when the warning or soft quota limit is exceeded. Global quota settings can be set in the server configuration. User specific levels can be set via zarafa-admin when using the db or unix plugin, or by editing the LDAP values as described in the User Management section.

To start the zarafa-monitor, use:

/etc/init.d/zarafa-monitor start

or

zarafa-monitor -c /etc/zarafa/monitor.cfg

The zarafa-monitor will daemonise, so the prompt will almost immediately return. Use -F to start it in the foreground. More information about the configuration options can be found in the manual page:

man zarafa-monitor.cfg

4.12.4. Quota warning templates

When working with the zarafa-monitor, it is possible to modify the contents of the email which will be sent out when a user or company exceeds its quota. For each quota level a separate quota template can be specified, these can be configured with the following options:

userquota_warning_template

companyquota_warning_template

By default the templates are stored in /etc/zarafa/quotamail, in each of these templates certain variables are provided which will be substituted for the real value before the email is sent:

ZARAFA_QUOTA_NAME - The name of the user or company who exceeded his quota

ZARAFA_QUOTA_COMPANY - The name of the company to which the user belongs

ZARAFA_QUOTA_STORE_SIZE - When a user exceeds his quota, this variable contains the total size of the user’s store. When a company exceeds its quota this variable contains the total size of all stores, including the public store within the company space.

ZARAFA_QUOTA_WARN_SIZE - The quota warning limit for the user or company.

참고

Variables containing a size always include the size unit (B,KB,MB,GB) as part of the variable.

4.13. Configure Zarafa Search

The zarafa-search service, introduced in ZCP 7.10, offers full text searching capabilities for the Zarafa Server. The service will continuously index all mails, and optionally their attachments, of a single zarafa-server instance. Each zarafa-server instance in a multi-server setup needs it’s own zarafa-search service.

When searching for a particular mail, the required time to find the requested emails will be seriously reduced. When attachment indexing is enabled, it is even possible to index the contents of attached files (for common file types that contain text).

4.13.1. Enabling the search service

To start the indexing service execute the following command:

/etc/init.d/zarafa-search start

To enable the full-text searching, edit the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg configuration file:

search_enabled = yes

During searching the zarafa-server will connect with the zarafa-search service. To set the connection path change the following configuration option:

search_socket = file://var/run/zarafa-search

4.13.2. Search configuration

During indexing, the index file for each store is stored on the harddisk. The location of these files can be configured in /etc/zarafa/search.cfg:

index_path = /var/lib/zarafa/index/

In this folder a file will be created for each store located on the Zarafa server node. A state file will also be present to remember where the indexing process has left upon restart.

중요

The files within this index path should not be touched while the indexer is running. If a store must be re-indexed, the zarafa-search must be stopped first before deleting the file for that particular store.

The zarafa-search service uses streaming synchronization offered by the zarafa-server for fast indexing of messages. To enable streaming, ensure that the following configuration option is enabled in the zarafa-server config:

enable_enhanced_ics = yes

This option is enabled by default, and normally there is no reason to disable it.

4.13.3. Attachments

Optionally the contents of attachments can be indexed as well. When this is enabled, searching for a message will also search through the attachment text as well.

To enable indexing of attachments can be done in /etc/zarafa/search.cfg:

index_attachments = yes

Indexing of attachments is done through parsing the attachments to plain text and indexing the text into the main index for the email. The required time to parse and index a particular attachment depends on the actual size of the attachment. To prevent large attachments adding latency to the total indexing time, the configuration option index_attachment_max_size can be used to prevent large attachments to be indexed. The value provided to this configuration option must be set in kilobytes.

To parse the attachments to plain text a separate configuration script must be provided. By default this script is installed to /etc/zarafa/searchscripts/attachments_parser but the exact location can be configured using the configuration option index_attachment_parser.

The default script attachments_parser will use the file attachments_parser.db to decide how the attachment should be parsed to plain text. Within this file is a list containing the command to parse each attachment type to plain text. This file can be edited to control the way attachments are parsed and to add or remove support for particular attachment types.

The layout of each line is as followed:

<mime-type>;<extension> `<command>`

Each line can have as many mime-types and extensions as needed, each mime-type and extension must be separated using semi-columns. The command must read /dev/stdin for the attachment data and must return the plain text through /dev/stdout. Some tools cannot parse attachment data from a stream, and require the data to be provided as file. To store the attachment in a temporary file, the script zmktemp can be used. That script will write all attachment data in a temporary file and print the location of the file to /dev/stdout.

Attachments which cannot be parsed (for example images), the command echo -n can be used.

After editing the command, it is advisable to test it to see if the desired output is returned. Testing the command can be done by executing the following command on the command line:

cat <attachment> | <command>

The resources used by the attachments_parser during the parsing of a single attachment can be restricted by limiting the total memory and CPU time usage. To control the maximum amount of memory the script can use is controlled by the configuration option index_attachment_parser_max_memory. By default this value is set to 0, to disable any memory consumption restriction. If a restriction should be applied, the maximum number of bytes should be provided. The best restriction size depends on the maximum attachment size which can be provided to the script (configured using index_attachment_max_size) and the 3rd party tools used to parse the attachments.

To prevent the script to take too much time, the configuration option index_attachment_parser_max_cputime can be used. By default this value is set to 0, to disable any CPU time restriction. If a restriction should be applied, the maximum number of seconds should be provided. The best restriction depends on the 3rd party tools used to parse the attachments.

If either of these limits is exceeded the script will be canceled and the attachment will not be indexed.

4.14. Configure Zarafa WebAccess

The Zarafa WebAccess includes a configuration file, which allows the Administrators for example to enable server side spell correction and set default values for language and themes. This configuration can be found in /etc/zarafa/webaccess-ajax/config.php and is also present (as a symlink) in /usr/share/zarafa-webaccess.

4.15. Configure Zarafa WebApp

The Zarafa WbApp includes a configuration file, which allows the Administrators for example to define a default language for the WebApp, limit the amount of available languages or disable certain plugins. This configuration can be found in /etc/zarafa/webapp/config.php and is also present (as a symlink) in /usr/share/zarafa-webapp. In addition this folder also contains configuration files for some of the distributed WebApp plugins like the chat integration or the link to the WebApp manual.

With Version 1.4 of the Zarafa WebApp two new options were introduced to globally define the time frame for free/busy information. FREEBUSY_LOAD_START_OFFSET defines the amount of days for which old appointments are kept in the free/busy database and FREEBUSY_LOAD_END_OFFSET defines the amount of days for which upcoming appointments are stored in the free/busy database. By default the information for the last seven and the upcoming 90 days are saved.

5.1. Configure the Webserver

Normally, the Zarafa package will configure PHP on the system automatically. In most situations this chapter can be skipped and continued with 5.1.2절. “Configure Apache”.

5.1.1. Configure PHP

PHP is needed in order to use WebAccess. The PHP-MAPI extension is installed in the default directory of distribution:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux: /usr/lib/php5/modules/

SLES / OpenSUSE: /usr/lib/php/extensions/

Debian: /usr/lib/php5/20060613/

Ubuntu: /usr/lib/php5/20060613/

If a different directory for PHP-extensions has been selected, move the mapi.so* files to this location, eg:

mv /usr/lib/php/mapi.so* \
/usr/local/lib/php/

To find the PHP-extensions location, use the following command:

php-config --extension-dir

After the PHP-extension is in the correct directory, add it to the php.ini configuration file. Add the following line to the php.ini if it does not already exist:

extension = mapi.so

Common places for the php.ini file are:

/etc/php.ini

/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

With the phpinfo() function it is possible to check whether the module will be loaded correctly. Search for the ‘MAPI’ part to check for the module. The phpinfo can also be viewed by running php -i on the command line if php cli is installed.

5.1.2. Configure Apache

To correctly load the recently added mapi.so extension, the webserver needs to be restarted. The following example shows how to restart Apache2:

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

or

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

5.1.2.1. For WebAccess

The website files are by default installed in the WebAccess directory. Make sure the webclient’s login page can be opened by browsing to the correct url:

http://<ip-address server>/webaccess/

If the login page is not shown, the webserver needs to be configured to let it access the correct directory. The following example shows a configuration for Apache2:

When leaving the configuration at this point, Apache will request the browsers to cache all files as long as they see fit. This may mean that users are still seeing the old interface while the WebApp package on the server has been upgraded. To fix this, the package comes with an example configuration that includes instructions to the browsers on how long WebApp resources may be kept around.

Using this, we are saying that Javascript and CSS files need to be checked against the server versions very often, but Apache can serve these files very quickly from the filesystem. For images, we allow the clients to keep using them for a much longer period (2 months). For this, we use the FileETag setting of Apache to generate a unique identifier for each served static file. To use this, the Apache modules mod_expires and mod_headers need to be loaded.

The following can be included in the Apache configuration within the <Directory> directive as described above:

The example zarafa-webapp.conf that comes with the WebApp package contains a more extensive version of this. Especially if you have a lot of users with Internet Explorer, this will be better suited for you than the terse example above.

5.1.3. Apache as a HTTP Proxy

The transmitted data between the client and server is compressed XML, wrapped in HTTP packets. The use of HTTP allows packets to be forwarded by a proxy (or a webserver with built-in proxy functionality, for example Apache version 2).

The following lines are an example of how Apache can be configured to forward incoming connections on port 80 to the Zarafa Server on port 236. In case the Apache server also accepts HTTPS connections, the proxyed connections can also be encrypted. The proxy and proxy_html modules of Apache need to be loaded for this to work(for example with a2enmod proxy proxy_http).

This means that URLs that begin with /zarafa will be forwarded to localhost on port 236, where the Zarafa Server listens for incoming connections. These lines can be placed globally, or within a VirtualHost declaration.

참고

Keep in mind that using a HTTP proxy will create some performance overhead on your system, so it is not recommended to use this for larger setups.

5.2. Configure ZCP OpenLDAP integration

중요

The outlined steps in this manual are still focusing on the slapd.conf way of configuring OpenLDAP, instead of using cn=config. Till this manual is updated, a brief description on how to configure Zarafa utilizing slapd-config can be found in our Wiki.

In several network infrastructures OpenLDAP is used as the directory server, keeping track of various bit of information, most notably: users and their permissions. ZCP integrates with LDAP servers, and supports OpenLDAP in particular.

Zarafa doesn’t include a LDAP server in the product, so if there’s not yet a LDAP server available in the environment, one has to be setup or the non-LDAP user plugin has to be used. Please read the documentation of the used Linux distribution on how to setup an OpenLDAP server. Zarafa provides an example LDIF file in 14장. Appendix C: Example LDIF.

Connections to OpenLDAP servers run over port 389 or 636 (SSL). For best speed and reliability, it is always best to install an OpenLDAP server on the same physical host as the Zarafa Server that replicates with the main LDAP server. Besides performance improvements it also allows the Zarafa Server to run even when the main LDAP server goes down.

In the follow paragraphs the configuration will be explained. Check the location of the the configuration files, before changes are made.

OpenLDAP configuration is usually located in /etc, depending on the used distribution it is:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux: /etc/openldap

SUSE: /etc/openldap

Debian & Ubuntu: /etc/ldap

Through out this guide we use: /etc/openldap

5.2.1. Configuring OpenLDAP to use Zarafa schemas

To configure openldap to use Zarafa LDAP schemas, the following configuration directives need to be added to /etc/openldap/slapd.conf:

5.2.2. LDAP indices

Indexing entries is a way to improve performance when a Zarafa Server performs a filtered search on the LDAP directory. The following table show the most important attributes to index and the type of index that should be implemented.

표 5.1. LDAP indices

Attribute name

Type

cn

pres,eq,sub

gidNumber

pres,eq

mail

pres,eq,sub

memberUid

pres,eq

objectClass

pres,eq

ou

pres,eq

sn

pres,eq,sub

uid

pres,eq

uidNumber

pres,eq

zarafaAliases

pres,eq,sub

zarafaAccount

pres,eq

zarafaSendAsPrivilege

preq,eq

zarafaViewPrivilege

pres,eq

Depending on the Zarafa ldap configuration the attributes may be different. Please check the openldap or syslog logfiles for attributes which are not yet indexed, see example below:

The reported attributes should be added as indices to OpenLDAP configuration.

5.2.3. Configuring ZCP for OpenLDAP

To integrate ZCP with an OpenLDAP server change the following option in the ldap.cfg configuration file:

Specify in the ldap_host option the ip-address or server name of the LDAP server.

ldap_host = localhost

By default the plain LDAP protocol will be used. For configuring secure LDAP, change the following settings. A howto for configuring OpenLDAP with SSL certificates can be found on http://wiki.zarafa.com.

ldap_port = 389
ldap_protocol = ldap

To connect ZCP to multiple LDAP servers, use the following setting:

ldap_uri = ldap://ldapserver1:389 ldap://ldapserver2:389

The different ldap uri’s should be seperated by a whitespace. When using the ldap_uri option, the options ldap_host, ldap_port and ldap_protocol are ignored.

The Zarafa Server will only read from the OpenLDAP server. The specified bind user should at least have read access on the LDAP server.

Based on the ldap_object_type attribute the Zarafa Server will create an object in the MySQL database, so it’s get listed in the Global Address Book. Make sure that the values are always unique for one type of object, as Zarafa needs to be able to distinguish the different objects.

5.2.4. User configuration

Normally a user store is created for each object in the LDAP directory that has the user type attribute as mentioned in the previous section (posixAccount in the previous example). An additional search filter can be specified to limit store creation to a subset of the objects that have the user type attribute. For example:

The unique user attribute is the mapping between a mailbox in the database and the actual user in LDAP. Make sure this field is never changed as the Zarafa Server will perceive that as a user being deleted (and created), and will therefore orphan the user’s store.

The email aliases are shown in the Global Address Book details and can be used for resolving email aliases in Postfix. However it is not possible to deliver email to email aliases with the dagent directly, this needs to be resolved by Postfix.

Extra user information, like addresses, phone numbers and company information can be mapped by an extra configuration file:

Groups can be flagged as security groups by the security group attribute. Security groups are available in the Global Address Book when creating a new email and setting permissions. To achieve this the attibute (here zarafaSecurityGroup) must be set to 1. When the zarafaSecurityGroup attribute is set to 0, the group will be a distribution group. Distribution groups are only available in the Global Address Book when creating a new email but cannot be used for configuring mailbox permissions.

5.2.7. Testing LDAP configuration

After the LDAP configuration is done, the changes can be activated by reloading the Zarafa Server.

/etc/init.d/zarafa-server reload

To test whether users and groups will be listed correctly using the LDAP configuration, use:

zarafa-admin -l

for users, and for groups:

zarafa-admin -L

If no users or groups are shown, please check the Zarafa server log file for errors. Setting the log_level to 6 in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg will display all LDAP queries send to the server and possible errors.

참고

The first time the zarafa-admin -l is done, all mailboxes will be created. This can take some time, so be patient.

More information about other available LDAP attributes can be found in the man page.

man zarafa-ldap.cfg

5.3. Configure ZCP Active Directory integration

5.3.1. Installing the Zarafa ADS Plugin and schema files

ZCP provides an installer for extending the Active Directory schema and installing an Active Directory snap-in for managing the Zarafa specific attributes (zarafaads.exe).

The Zarafa ADS plugin is only available in the commercial editions of ZCP and is part of the distribution packages which can be downloaded from https://portal.zarafa.com. The installer can be found inside of the windows subfolder.

The Zarafa ADS Plugin should be installed as a local administrator user on the Active Directory server which is the schema master.

참고

Please restart the GUI after install of the Zarafa ADS plugin to show the Zarafa tab in the user details.

5.3.1.1. Windows 2000 Server

When the installation is run on a Windows 2000 Server, the setup requires write access to update the Active Directory Schema. To get the write access the registry key "Schema Update Allowed" must be enabled.

To edit the registry key, perform the follow steps:

Click Start, click Run, and then in the Open box, type: regedit Then press ENTER.

참고

5.3.1.2. Windows 2003/2008 Server

For Windows 2003 and 2008 Server it’s possible to step through the setup by clicking the next button.

If the Zarafa ADS Plugin is installed, it is possible to edit the Zarafa specific attributes. For editing a user go to users and computers, select a user and get the properties. The Zarafa tab should be available if the installation is successfully completed.

그림 5.2. Zarafa user tab

그림 5.3. Zarafa group tab

5.3.2. Configuring ZCP for ADS

To integrate ZCP with an Active Directory server change the following option in the ldap.cfg configuration file:

Specify in the ldap_host option the ip-address or server name of the Active Directory server.

ldap_host = 192.168.0.100

By default the plain LDAP protocol will be used. For configuring secure LDAP, change the following settings:

The unique user attribute is the mapping between a mailbox in the database and the actual user. Make sure this field can never be changed, otherwise a user deletion will be triggered by the Zarafa Server.

The email aliases are shown in the Global Address Book details and can be used for email aliases in Postfix. However it’s not possible to deliver email to email aliases.

Extra user information, like addresses, phone numbers and company information can be mapped by an extra configuration file:

!include /etc/zarafa/ldap.propname.cfg

The specified attributes for users will also be used for the contacts.

중요

The attribute otherMailbox is by default not indexed in Active Directory. It’s required to index this attribute in Active Directory, otherwise the Active Directory server will have a high CPU load during search queries on this attribute. For more information about indexing attributes in Active Directory, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=46790.

5.3.6. Testing Active Directory configuration

After the LDAP configuration is done, the changes can be activated by reloading the Zarafa Server.

/etc/init.d/zarafa-server reload

To test users and groups will be listed, use:

zarafa-admin -l

and

zarafa-admin -L

If no users or groups are shown, please check the Zarafa server log file for errors. Setting the loglevel to 6 in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg will display all LDAP queries by the Zarafa server and possible errors.

The first time the zarafa-admin -l is done, all mailboxes will be created. This can take some time, so be patient.

More information about the other available LDAP attributes can be found in the man page.

5.4. ZCP Postfix integration

ZCP does not include it’s own MTA, but can be integrated all established MTAs found in modern Linux distributions. Although ZCP support most Linux MTAs, we advise to use Postfix.

In order to deliver an email into a user’s mailbox, the zarafa-dagent is executed. Messages are passed to the zarafa-dagent from the standard input or by the LMTP protocol. The usage of LMTP is the recommended delivery method as this enable the Single Instance Attachment Storage.

A few examples of the ZCP Postfix integration are described in the following sections. Keep in mind that Postfix is very flexible, so many different configurations are possible, most of which are beyond the scope of this document.

참고

Configuring antispam and antivirus scanning is beyond the scope for this manual. On the internet many example configurations are available for the most common MTAs and scanners.

5.4.1. Configure ZCP Postfix integration with OpenLDAP

The Postfix MTA can connect to an OpenLDAP server to resolve primary mail addresses and aliases of users and groups. The Postfix package in most Linux distributions has LDAP support enabled by default. To read more about Postfix LDAP support see the LDAP README on the Postfix website.

All Postfix configuration files can be found in /etc/postfix directory. The main configuration file is logically called main.cf

By default Postfix will only accept incoming emails from localhost. To accept emails from the complete network, configure the following option:

inet_interfaces = all

In order to make Postfix aware of the local emaildomains, add the following line to the main.cf.

virtual_mailbox_domains = example.com, example.org, example.net

Postfix will now see the configured domains as it’s local email domains, however to accept incoming emails Postfix will do a recipient check. Add the following lines to the main.cf to have Postfix use LDAP for looking up (valid) recipients:

All incoming emails are delivered to the LMTP service of the zarafa-dagent. The delivery needs to be done on the primary mail address of a user. For resolving the primary mail address of the user, create the file /etc/postfix/ldap-users.cf and add the following lines:

The search base of users and aliases need to match the search base of the LDAP server. After the configuration files have been changed Postfix need to be restarted:

/etc/init.d/postfix restart

Make sure the zarafa-dagent is run as a daemon and started at boot time.

For RPM based distributions use:

chkconfig zarafa-dagent on
/etc/init.d/zarafa-dagent start

For Debian based distributions enable the zarafa-dagent by setting the option DAGENT_ENABLED to yes in the file /etc/default/zarafa-dagent. To enable the zarafa-dagent at boot time use:

update-rc.d zarafa-dagent defaults

참고

It is advised to enable logging of the zarafa-dagent when running in LMTP mode for monitoring purposes. Enable the logging options in the zarafa-dagent in /etc/zarafa/dagent.cfg.

5.4.2. Configure ZCP Postfix integration with Active Directory

The Postfix can resolve primary mail addresses and aliases of users and groups from the Active Directory server. The Postfix package in most Linux distributions has LDAP support enabled by default. To read more about Postfix LDAP support see the LDAP README on the Postfix website.

All Postfix configuration files can be found in /etc/postfix directory. The main configuration file is logically called main.cf.

By default Postfix will only accept incoming emails from localhost. To accept emails from the complete network, configure the following option:

inet_interfaces = all

In order to make Postfix aware of the local emaildomains, add the following line to the main.cf:

virtual_mailbox_domains = example.com, example.org, example.net

Postfix will now see the configured domains as it’s local email domains, however to accept incoming emails Postfix will do a recipient check. This recipient check can be done on the Active Directory server. Add the following lines to the main.cf

All incoming emails are delivered to the LMTP service of the zarafa-dagent. The delivery needs to be done on the primary mail address of a user. For resolving the primary mail address of the user, create the file /etc/postfix/ldap-users.cf and add the following lines:

Active Directory has the possibility to create distribution groups which can be used as email distribution list in ZCP. To use integrate Postfix with distribution groups, Postfix 2.4 or higher is required.

참고

Some linux distributions (like RHEL 4 and 5) do not include Postfix 2.4 or higher. Packages of newer versions of Postfix are usually available as community contributed packages. In case of RHEL 4 and 5 these packages can be found here.

To support distribution groups add the following line to the virtual_alias_maps:

The search base of users, aliases and groups need to match the search base of the Active Directory server. After the configuration files have been changed Postfix need to be restarted:

/etc/init.d/postfix restart

Make sure the zarafa-dagent is run as a daemon and started at boot time.

For RPM based distributions use:

chkconfig zarafa-dagent on
/etc/init.d/zarafa-dagent start

For Debian based distributions enable the zarafa-dagent by setting the option DAGENT_ENABLED to yes in the file /etc/default/zarafa-dagent. To enable the zarafa-dagent at boot time use:

update-rc.d zarafa-dagent defaults

참고

It is advised to enable logging of the zarafa-dagent when running in LMTP mode for monitoring purposes. Enable the logging options in the zarafa-dagent in /etc/zarafa/dagent.cfg.

5.4.3. Configure ZCP Postfix integration with virtual users

If no OpenLDAP or Active Directory Server is available, Postfix can be configured with virtual users in a hash map. In this section we explain how.

By default Postfix will only accept incoming emails from localhost. To accept emails from the complete network, configure the following option:

inet_interfaces = all

All Postfix configuration files can be found in /etc/postfix directory. The main configuration file is logically called main.cf

In order to make Postfix aware of the local email domains, add the following line to the main.cf:

virtual_mailbox_domains = example.com, example.org, example.net

Postfix will now regard these domains as it’s local email domains. In order to accept incoming emails Postfix will also need to validate the recipient. Add the following lines to the main.cf config file in order to have Postfix look up recipient from a hash map:

The left column contains the email address or alias, the right column contains the primary email addresses on which the message should be delivered.

After all users and aliases are added to this file, a hash map needs to be created. The following command will create the actual hash map /etc/postfix/virtual.db.

postmap /etc/postfix/virtual

All incoming emails are delivered to the zarafa-dagent over LMTP using the primary mail address of as specified in the hash map.

After changing the configuration files restart Postfix by its init script:

/etc/init.d/postfix restart

For RPM based distributions use:

chkconfig zarafa-dagent on
/etc/init.d/zarafa-dagent start

For Debian based distributions enable the zarafa-dagent by setting the option DAGENT_ENABLED to yes in the file /etc/default/zarafa-dagent. To enable the zarafa-dagent at boot time use:

update-rc.d zarafa-dagent defaults

참고

It’s advised to enable logging of the zarafa-dagent when running in LMTP mode for monitoring purposes. To alter logging options for the zarafa-dagent, adjust the configuration file: /etc/zarafa/dagent.cfg.

5.4.4. Configure ZCP Postfix integration with the DB plugin

Alternatively to managing virtual users in a file, the MySQL Database of Zarafa can be used to check if a message should be delivered. For this to work most of the configuration for virtual users from a file can be reused.

참고

For this to work Postfix needs the ability to do lookups against a MySQL database. In Debian and Ubuntu this can be accomplished by installing the postfix-mysql package. When using Red Hat or Centos Postfix doesn’t have the mysql module included. Alternatively the Postfix Package from the Centos Plus repository can be used.

Instead of executing virtual_mailbox_maps and virtual_alias_maps against /etc/postfix/virtual, a mysql lookup will be defined inside of main.cf.

This configuration only resolves the primary mail address of an user. Aliases should be kept in the /etc/aliases file or an extra aliases MySQL table.

참고

Additionally MySQL could query alias definitions also from MySQL. As this would require additional MySQL knowledge from the administrator this has been left out in this manual. Further information on this can be found in the sub-chapter "virtual_alias_maps" of the chapter "Postfix/Database configuration" in the ISPmail tutorial for Debian Squeeze.

5.5. Configure Z-Push (Remote ActiveSync for Mobile Devices)

This chapter describes how to configure the Z-Push software to bridge ZCP with ActiveSync enabled PDAs and smartphones.

In this manual only the server part of Z-Push is discussed, please refer to our User Manual for instruction on configuring mobile devices.

Mobile phones, smartphones and PDAs can be synchronized because Z-Push emulates the ActiveSync functionality of a MS Exchange server on the server side, allowing mobiles to synchronize via over-the-air ActiveSync (AirSync). Using Z-Push most mobiles can synchronize without installing any additional software on the device.

Z-Push needs to be installed on a web server. It is highly recommended to use Apache. It is also highly recommended to use PHP as an Apache module.

중요

Z-Push >=2.1 requires ZCP 7.0.6 or later.

5.5.1. Compatibility

Z-Push allows users with PDAs and smartphones to synchronise their email, contacts, calendar items and tasks directly from a compatible server over UMTS, GPRS, WiFi or other GSM data connections. Among others the following devices are known to by working with Z-Push:

5.5.2. Security

To encrypt data between the mobile devices and the server, it’s required to enable SSL support in the web server. Configuring Apache with SSL certificates is beyond the scope of this document, though many howtos can be found online.

The -C option is the destination where the files need to be installed.

Z-Push is using a state directory to store per user a synchronisation status and a log directory for it’s default logging. Make sure that the ‘state’ and ‘log’ directories exists and are writeable for the webserver process, so either change the owner of the ‘state’ directory to the UID of the apache process or make it world writeable:

The system administrator can remote wipe devices from the command line using the z-push-admin tool.

5.5.5. Upgrade

Upgrading to a newer Z-Push version follows the same path as the initial installation.

When upgrading to a new minor version e.g. from Z-Push 1.4 to Z-Push 1.4.1, the existing Z-Push directory can be overwritten when extracting the archive. When installing a new major version it is recommended to extract the tarball to another directory and to copy the state from the existing installation.

중요

It is crucial to always keep the data of the state directory in order to ensure data consistency on already synchronized mobiles.

Without the state information mobile devices, which already have an ActiveSync profile, will receive duplicate items or the synchronization will break completely.

중요

Upgrading to Z-Push 2.X from 1.X it is not necessary to copy the state directory because states are not compatible. However Z-Push 2 implements a fully automatic resynchronizing of devices in the case states are missing or faulty.

중요

Downgrading from Z-Push 2.X to 1.X is not simple. As the states are not compatible you would have to follow the procedure for a new installation and re-create profiles on every device.

중요

States of Z-Push 2.0 and Z-Push 2.1 are not compatible. A state migration script is available in the tools folder.

Please also observe the published release notes of the new Z-Push version. For some releases it is necessary to e.g. resynchronize the mobile.

5.5.6. S/MIME

Z-Push supports signing and en-/decrypting of emails on mobile devices since the version 2.0.7.

중요

Currently only Android 4.X and higher and iOS 5 and higher devices are known to support encryption/signing of emails.

It might be possible that PHP functions require CA information in order to validate certs. Therefore the CAINFO parameter in the config.php must be configured properly.

The major part of S/MIME deployment is the PKI setup. It includes the public-private key/certificate obtaining, their management in directory service and roll-out to the mobile devices. Individual certificates can either be obtained from a local (company intern) or a public CA. There are various public CAs offering certificates: commercial ones e.g. Symantec or Comodo or community-driven e.g. CAcert.org.

Both most popular directory services Microsoft Active Directory (MS AD) and free open source solution OpenLDAP allow to save certificates. Private keys/certificates reside in user’s directory or on a smartcard. Public certificates are saved in directory. MS AD and OpenLDAP both use userCertificate attribute to save it.

In Active Directory the public key for contacts from GAB is saved in PR_EMS_AB_TAGGED_X509_CERT (0x8C6A1102) property and if you save a key in a contact it’s PR_USER_X509_CERTIFICATE (0x3A701102).

In LDAP public key for contacts from GAB is saved in userCertificate property. It should be mapped to 0x3A220102 in ldap.propmap.cfg (0x3A220102 = userCertificate). Make sure it looks like this in LDAP:

userCertificate;binary

MIIFGjCCBAKgAwIBAgIQbRnqpxlPa…

중요

It is strongly recommended to use MS AD or LDAP to manage certificates. Other user plugin options like db or unix might not work correctly and are not supported.

5.6. Configuring SSL for Windows Mobile and Windows Phone

If you don’t have a certificate of one of the Certified Authorities, you also need to add the CA Certificate to the Trusted Root Certificates store of the device.

The certificates should be in DER format to install it on a windows device. By default the generated SSL certificates on Linux are in PEM format. The DER certificate is a base64 encoded PEM certificate. You can convert the certificate type by the following commands:

openssl x509 -in ca.crt -inform PEM -out ca.cer -outform DER

openssl x509 -in host.crt -inform PEM -out host.cer -outform DER

where ca.crt is your CA certificate file and host.crt is your certified file.

After converting both certificates you need to copy them to the PDA. It can be e.g. done by putting the files on a local intranet server and accessing them with the device’s browser:

http://intranet/certs/ca.cer

http://intranet/certs/host.cer

By selecting the certificates on your PDA they will be stored in the Trusted Root Certificates store of your device.

5.7. Troubleshooting

General configuration

Most of the difficulties are caused by incorrect Apache settings. The Apache setup can be tested using a webbrowser like Firefox pointing it to:

http://<server>/Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync

If correctly configured, a window requesting username/password should be displayed. Authenticating using valid credentials should display Z-Push information page, containing the following message:

A Z-Push information page should be displayed, containing the message:

*GET not supported*
This is the z-push location and can only be accessed by Microsoft ActiveSync-capable devices.

Verify the PHP and/or Apache configuration if an error is displayed.

Synchronization problems

중요

The following text regarding debug.txt and WBXML debug applies to Z-Push 1.X versions only. In Z-Push 2 there is a separate log directory and the loglevel is configured in config.php.

If synchronization problems are encountered, a debug.txt file has to be created in the root directory of Z-Push. This file should be writeable by the Apache server process.

touch /var/www/z-push/debug.txt
chmod 777 /var/www/z-push/debug.txt

The debug.txt file will collect debug information about the synchronisation.

To obtain a complete synchronization log the file wbxml.php has to be edited and the parameter WBXML_DEBUG set to true:

define('WBXML_DEBUG', true);

중요

The debug.txt logfile contains sensitive data and should be protected so it can not be downloaded from the internet.

To protect the debug.txt logfile, a .htaccess has to be created in the z-push root directory, containing:

Most probably the mobile device does not support provisioning. The LOOSE_PROVISIONING parameter should be enabled in the configuration. If the messages continues, the ActiveSync profile should be reconfigured on the device. If this does not help, the PROVISIONING could be disabled completely in the config file (applies to all devices!). More information can be found at: http://www.zarafa.com/wiki/index.php/Z-Push_Provisioning

Exceptions for Meeting requests cause duplicates if accepted on the mobile:

Please update to Z-Push 1.4 or later. In order to fix existing duplicates, the ActiveSync profile on the mobile has to be recreated or at least the calendar has to be resynchronized completely (disabling calendarsync and enabling it afterwards).

Repeated incorrect password messages

If a password contains characters which are encoded differently in ISO-8859-1 and Windows-1252 encodings (e.g. "§") the login might fail with Z-Push but it works fine with the WebApp/Webaccess. The solution is to add setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "en_US.UTF-8"); to the config.php file.

중요

The solution above is for ZCP 7 and later versions only. ZCP 6 and earlier versions might not work properly because they lack unicode support.

This chapter describes how to configure special setups that go beyond most common installations of ZCP.

6.1. Running ZCP components beyond localhost

When using the SSL connection with certificates it will not only be possible to encrypt the connection, but Linux services will also be able to login using a client SSL certificate.

Repeat the certificate creation script to create certificates for client programs like the zarafa-spooler, zarafa-monitor, zarafa-gateway, zarafa-dagent and zarafa-admin. It’s possible to create one certificate for all these programs, or a certificate can be created for each program separetely. These clients can then login on the SSL connections with their certificate as authentication.

sh /usr/share/doc/zarafa/ssl-certificates.sh client

Again, when entering the certificate details, at least make the Organizational Unit Name different from the other certificates. Also, do not forget to fill in the Common Name field.

When asked for the creation of the public key, enter y and press enter. Now a new certificate called client.pem and a public key called client-public.pem are present. As an example, the configuration options needed to edit on the dagent.cfg file are as follows:

중요

For the zarafa-admin tool to function correctly in a multi-server set-up, a admin.cfg file is required in the ZCP configuration directory, usually /etc/zarafa/. It also should contain the options mentioned above.

Enter the correct name or IP-address in the server_socket option. If Another port number for the SSL connections on the server is used, enter the right port number as well. Replace the password with the password used while creating the certificate.

Copy the client-public.pem file to the server location:

mkdir /etc/zarafa/sslkeys
mv client-public.pem /etc/zarafa/sslkeys

Now the client knows the private key, and the server knows the public key. The client can login with this key to the server from anywhere on the network or internet.

참고

Be careful with the client.pem file. Anybody who has this private key can login to the Zarafa server and will be the internal SYSTEM user, who can do anything without restriction.

6.2. Multi-tenancy configurations

This section will provide information regarding the multi-tenancy functionality which was introduced in Zarafa 6.10. The feature is available in all editions, but only officially supported in the Enterprise and Hosted editions.

Multi-tenancy mode enables organisations to run multiple organisations on a single ZCP server where the members of the different organisations won’t see each other.

6.2.1. Support user plugins

Multi-tenancy support can only be enabled when using the DB or LDAP plugin. Currently it’s not possible to use the Unix plugin. When using the DB plugin, the zarafa-admin tool can be used to manage tenants (companies), while with the LDAP plugin all information will come directly from LDAP or Active Directory.

중요

The preferred user plugin for multi-tenancy setups is the LDAP plugin.

6.2.2. Configuring the server

The following configuration options in server.cfg will be used when enabling the multi-tenancy support.

enable_hosted_zarafa

When set to true it’s possible to create tenants within the Zarafa instance and assign all users and groups to particular tenants. When set to false, the normal single-tenancy environment is created.

createcompany_script

Location of the createcompany script which will be executed when a new tenant has been created.

deletecompany_script

Location of the deletecompany script which will be executed when a tenant has been deleted.

6.2.2.1. Enabling Multi-tenancy

To enable multi-tenancy support in Zarafa change the following configuration option in server.cfg:

enable_hosted_zarafa = yes

6.2.2.2. Configuring login name

The loginname of a user must be unique in order to correctly allow the login attempt. When enabling multi-tenancy support in Zarafa, having an unique loginname can become difficult as the number of companies (tenants) increases. It is easier when the loginname contains the companyname as well, to ensure all loginnames are unique.

The way the companyname is ‘attached’ to the username to create the loginname can be configured with the loginname_format configuration option in server.cfg. This configuration option can contain the following variables:

%u - The username

%c - The companyname to which the user belongs

As separation character between the username and companyname a character should be chosen that does not appear inside the username or companyname itself. Valid characters for example are @ and \.

Some example loginname_format for a user named "John Doe" who is member of "Exampleorg":

Although having a loginname that contains a %c is mandatory for the DB plugin, it is optional for the LDAP plugin. Managing unique loginname_s is easier in LDAP because it is possible to use the email address as the _loginname attribute. See the LDAP configuration file for more information about the loginname attribute.

참고

When passing a username to the zarafa-admin tool it should be formatted as configured. For example if the loginname_format configuration value includes company name variable (%c), the company name should be passed to the zarafa-admin tool everytime a username is needed.

6.2.2.3. Configuring store name

When relations between multiple tenants (companies) are allowed, it is possible that users share their store with users from other tenants. To easily differentiate stores from different tenants, the store name can be formatted to contain the tenant’s name (companyname) to which the user/store belongs.

In server.cfg the configuration option storename_format is provided for exactly this purpose. In the format different variables are provided which can be used to different kinds of information.

%u — The username

%f — The fullname of the user

%c — The companyname, name of the tenant, to which the user belongs

Some examples for a user named ‘John Doe’ who is member of the tenant ‘Exampleorg’:

%u> john

%f> John Doe

%f (%c)> John Doe (Exampleorg)

6.2.2.4. Configuring the LDAP plugin

When using the DB plugin no additional configuration is required. For the LDAP plugin there are several configuration options that might require changes.

For a multi-tenancy LDAP setup it’s necessary to have the different company in the LDAP tree and below every company container the users, groups and contacts within that specific company. It’s not possible to assign a user to a specific company by an LDAP attribute.

See the screenshot below for an example LDAP structure.

그림 6.1. LDAP tree multi-tenant environment

Change the following lines in the LDAP configuration file, to configure the multi-tenancy support.

Test the settings by using zarafa-admin --list-companies and zarafa-admin -l.

If no companies or users are shown, please check the Zarafa server log file for errors. Setting the loglevel to 6 in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg will display all LDAP queries by the Zarafa server and possible errors.

With multi-tenancy support enabled it’s not only possible to have different organizations on a single server, but also more advanced settings can be configured, like cross-organization mailbox delegation, different administrator levels and organization quota levels.

See the zarafa-ldap.cfg man page for more detailed information about these multi-tenancy LDAP features.

man zarafa-ldap.cfg

6.2.2.5. Public stores

Once the server has been correctly started, stores can be created. There are two type of stores: Private and public stores. There can only be one public store per company space. When creating a company, the public store will be created simultaneously. If for some reason the public store for the specific company is not created, the public store can be created manually by executing the following command:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin -s -I <tenant>

Replace <tenant> with the name of the tenant (company) for which the public store should be created. When the -I option is not used, the public folder will be created for a single-tenancy environment (And will not be accessible when multi-tenancy Zarafa is enabled). The public folder is by default available for all users within a tenant (company).

6.2.3. Managing tenant (company) spaces

참고

Management of tenant (company) spaces through zarafa-admin is only available when using the DB plugin. When the LDAP plugin is used, all administration needs to be done through the LDAP or Active Directory server.

To create a company space use the following command:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin --create-company <companyname>

To delete a company space use the following command:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin --delete-company <companyname>

To change a company space use the following command:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin --update-company <companyname>

This command can be combined with the option --qw for setting the quota warning level for the specified company space.

To control the view privileges for company spaces the following commands can be used:

The <viewer> is the companyname which receives or looses permission to view company <companyname>. With the view privileges the Global Address Book can be shared between multiple organizations or use cross organization mailbox delegation.

The <admin> is the loginname of the user who receives or looses admin privileges over the company <companyname>. Please note that a user that is administrator over a tenant still needs to be given view privileges to this tenant to see its stores.

6.2.4. Managing users and groups

When using the DB plugin users and groups should be created using the zarafa-admin tool. For details about using the zarafa-admin tool see man zarafa-admin. The user- or group name that should be given to the zarafa-admin tool depends on the loginname_format configuration option.

For example, when loginname_format is set to %u@%c creating a user for tenant exampleorg would be:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin -c john@exampleorg ...other options...

And creating a new group for tenant exampleorg would be:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin -g group@exampleorg ...other options...

6.2.5. Quota levels

When using a multi-tenancy installation there are 2 types of quota, namely the quota for the tenant (company) and the quota for the individual user. The quota for the tenant is checked over the total store size of all users within that tenant plus the public store.

At this time only the warning quota can be configured for a tenant, this means it is not possible to set the soft or hard quota to limit the tenant’s email capabilities.

Just like the user quota, there are multiple levels for tenant quota, and there is even a new level for the user quota. A summary of the possible quota levels which can be set in a multi-tenancy environment:

Tenant (company) quota:

Global company quota: Configured in /etc/zarafa/server.cfg and affects all tenants within the system.

Specific company quota: The quota level for a tenant configured through the plugin (LDAP or zarafa-admin tool).

User quota:

Global user quota: This is configured in /etc/zarafa/server.cfg and affects all users from all tenants.

Company user quota: This is the default quota level for all users within a tenant, and is configured through the plugin at tenant level.

Specific user quota: This is the quota level for a specific user, and is configured through the user plugin.

As mentioned above the Global company quota and Global user quota can be configured in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg file, in there the options quota_warn, quota_soft and quota_hard for the user quota, and the options companyquota_warn for the tenant quota.

To configure the Specific company quota the zarafa-admin tool can be used when using the DB plugin. The following command will set the various quota levels over the tenant:

zarafa-admin --update-company <tenant> --qo y --qw <warningquota>

To configure the Specific user quota the zarafa-admin tool can be used when using the DB plugin. The following command will set the various quota levels over the user:

To configure the Company user quota the zarafa-admin tool can be used when using the DB plugin by using the --update-company argument. The following command will set the various user default quota levels over the tenant:

When using the LDAP plugin, the attributes which control the quota levels can be configured in /etc/zarafa/ldap.cfg.

6.2.6. Administrator users

In a multi-tenancy installation there are two types of administrator users:

System wide administrator

Company administrator

The system administrator can access all mailboxes within the hosted environment. A company administrator can only access the mailboxes within the local organisation.

A system administrator can be configured by setting the zarafaAdmin attribute to 2 when using LDAP or use -a 2 when using the DB plugin. A company administrator can be configured by setting the zarafaAdmin attribute to 1.

The type of administrator user can be requested by using the zarafa-admin tools:

6.3. Multi-server setup

This chapter will provide information regarding the multi-server functionality which was introduced in Zarafa 6.30.

참고

In order to use this feature a valid Zarafa Enterprise license key is necessary and a running zarafa-licensed is required.

6.3.1. Introduction

The ZCP multi-server feature gives the possibility to distribute ZCP over multiple servers. In this situation the Zarafa-user-stores are divided over several servers, but still acting as one central system. The users, groups and tenants (companies) have to be managed in a LDAP or Active Directory server.

In the LDAP structure add a folder or organizational unit for each Zarafa Server node in the multi-server setup.

그림 6.5. Setup directory with all the multi-server nodes

Add all the multi-server nodes to this directory or organizational unit. In Active Directory the Computer template can be used for this. When using OpenLDAP a custom LDAP object can be created, with the device, ipHost and zarafa-serverobjectClass.

그림 6.6. Computer creation wizard in ADS

Every multi-server node should have a common name, FQDN or ip-address and the Zarafa server details. Make sure the FQDN can always be resolved by the clients.

그림 6.7. LDAP server attributes

The attribute ZarafaContainsPublic can only be set for one multi-server node at a time. At the moment there is no support for having a single Public Folder onto multiple nodes.

The Zarafa LDAP configuration needs to be extended with some extra multi-server configuration options. An example configuration file for the multi-server setup can be found in the /usr/share/doc/zarafa-multiserver/example-config directory. The files ldapms.*.cfg are the specific multi-server configuration files. The following LDAP configuration entries need to be configured for a multi-server setup:

Every created Zarafa user in the LDAP server needs to be assigned to a Zarafa server node. This can be set by using the ZarafaUserServer attribute. The attribute should contain the unique server name.

In a multi-tenancy situation, all created tenants (companies) in LDAP have to be updated with the zarafaCompanyServer attribute. Use the server name as well for this.

6.3.3. Configuring the servers

The following configuration options in server.cfg are provided for Multi-server support.

enable_distributed_zarafa

Enable multi-server environment. When set to true it is possible to spread users and companies over multiple servers. When set to false, the single-server environment is created.

server_name

The unique server name used to identify each node in the setup. This server name should be configured correctly in the DNS. This server name should be the same as the value of the zarafaUserServer attribute.

To enable multi-server support in Zarafa change the following configuration options in server.cfg:

참고

An upgrade from single server to multi-server support is not a simple task. Please check with the Zarafa Support if migration is possible for the setup used.

6.3.4. Creating SSL certificates

In a multi-server setup it’s required to configure SSL support, because clients like the zarafa-dagent, zarafa-admin, zarafa-monitor need an SSL certifcate to login to the different multi-server nodes.

It’s required to first create server side certificates, so the Zarafa Server is able to accept SSL connections. For the SSL authentication of the Linux clients, like the zarafa-dagent, a private and public key need to be created.

Follow the steps below to create both the server and client certificates.

First, create the directory which will contain the certificates.

mkdir /etc/zarafa/ssl
chmod 700 /etc/zarafa/ssl

Create the server certificate, by using the ssl-certificates.sh script in the /usr/share/doc/zarafa directory, which uses the openssl command and the CA.pl script. Before a server certificate can be created a root CA is required. If no root CA is found, the script will first create an own CA.

Enter a password (passphrase) if you want to use a password for the server key. If a password is set, then this password is needed later on to sign certificate requests. Then enter the certificate information. Give extra attention to the Common Name. This has to be the fqdn of the server. The challenge password at the end may be left empty. At the end of the certificate creation the certificate need to be signed against the CA. Accept twice the question for the signing and fill the password of the CA again when asked for.

In the last step, the script will ask if it should display the public key of this certificate. This is not necessary, since the certificates have already been created.

After completing the ssl-certificates.sh script, the server certificate is created in the current directory. The root CA certificate can be found in the same directory or in the default SSL directory of the Linux distribution. On Ubuntu the root CA will be created as ./demoCA/cacert.pem, on RedHat the root CA will be created as /etc/CA/cacert.pem. Edit the following lines in /etc/zarafa/server.cfg.

Fill in all the information, like the server certificate. On some linux distributions the Common Name may not be the same as in the server certificate. At the end of the creation it’s required to sign again the certificate against the CA and create a public key for the certificate.

Two client certificates are created: client.pem and client-public.pem. The client.pem is the private key and will be used by a client (like dagent or spooler). The client-public.pem is the public key which is used by the server.

Move the public key to the /etc/zarafa/sslkeys directory.

mv /etc/zarafa/ssl/client-public.pem /etc/zarafa/sslkeys

Restart the zarafa-server on all nodes to activate the new certificates:

/etc/init.d/zarafa-server restart

To test the client SSL certificates change the following lines in the /etc/zarafa/dagent.cfg.

For advanced multi-server environments and the best Zarafa configuration for a specific setup, the Zarafa Professional Services are open for advise and support.

6.4. Zarafa Windows Client Updater

ZCP contains a mechanism that allows Zarafa Windows Clients to update themselves to the latest version.

참고

The Zarafa Windows Client Updater is only available to those running the ZCP Professional or Enterprise edition.

그림 6.8. Auto-update structure

Restrictions:

The auto update mechanism does not support the ability to downgrade the client to a certain version, it will always update the Zarafa Windows Client to the highest version available.

The Zarafa Windows Client Updater is not available for Windows 2000 or earlier releases. = The Zarafa Windows Client Updater can not automaticly switch between 32bits and 64 bits installations.

6.4.1. Server-side configuration

The Zarafa Windows Client Updater can be enabled by setting the following setting to yes in the server.cfg of the zarafa-server:

client_update_enabled = yes

When a zarafa-server is upgraded, it will copy the latest updated client installer to the path which is specified in the server configuration file server.cfg, As shown below.

client_update_path = /var/lib/zarafa/client

The auto update client can send the log information back to the server. If the updater fails, then the log files are sent to the server by default. This behavior can be changed with the following setting: client_update_log_level = 1

The following options can be set: 0 disabled 1 send only the log files to the server when an error occurs 2 always send the log files to the server

The log files received from the auto update client are put in the following location on the server: client_update_log_path = /var/log/zarafa/autoupdate

The updates at the client update folder follow a naming convention. The Zarafa Server will work only with those updates that adhere to this convention:

For example zarafaclient-7.1.5-42673.msi is a valid name of an update.

Based on this naming convention, the Zarafa Windows Client Updater finds out if an update of the client software is available. If a client send a request to receive a new version, the zarafa-server will send the new client update package to the client, so that it can update itself to the latest version.

참고

If the default profile is set to use encryption via port 237, the root CA certificate needs to be installed on the desktop used.

6.4.2. Client-side configuration

The Zarafa Windows Client’s auto-update mechanism consists of an application to start the auto-update process by the name of ZarafaLaunchUpdater.exe and a windows service known as ZarafaUpdaterService.exe.

그림 6.9. Auto-update structure

The Launch Updater application will be launched at Windows' startup. The command to run the application is placed in the registry here:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

This application will find out client’s current version from the following registry key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Zarafa\Client\Version

This registry key contains the current version of the Zarafa Windows Client installed on the machine.

The Launch Updater application will read default Outlook profile from the registry to gather the credentials needed to connect to the Zarafa Server. It informs the Zarafa Server which version of the Zarafa Windows Client is running, the Zarafa Server responds with a newer Zarafa Windows Client in case that exists.

6.4.2.1. Zarafa Updater Service

The zarafa updater service runs as a local system account. Therefore, it has all the needed privileges to install the Zarafa Windows Client on the desktop.

그림 6.10. Services

The zarafa updater service will wait on a pipe for Zarafa launch updater application to send it the current version of the client and the details of the Zarafa Server to connect to. If there is a suitable update, the service downloads it to c:\windows\temp\zarafaclient.msi. The zarafa updater service launches this update for installation in a silent mode.

Although the entire update process is silent, logs will be generated for troubleshooting. The Updater service log will be written in the All users\Application data\ directory and the Launch updater log will be written in the <user>\Application data\ directory.

When the Updater service starts the client update, it will create zarafa-<trackid>.log and zarafa-<trackid>msi.log in the <user>\Local Settings\Temp directory. These files are sent to the server depending on the server settings.

참고

The client will only find updates successfully if the default Outlook profile is configured to work with a Zarafa Server, and if updates are available at that server. Even with the setting to `prompt for the profile to be used' the Zarafa Windows Client Updater will succeed provided the (greyed out) drop-down menu specifies the profile configured for Zarafa. Please refer to the User manual on how to configure Outlook profiles.

6.4.2.2. Zarafa Updater status

The zarafa-server reports the status from the Zarafa client updater in the server.log. The zarafa-admin reports the latest status of the client update. Using the following command, you can view the update information per user: zarafa-admin --details <user>

When a client update failed, the log files are located in the directory configured in the server.cfg field client_update_log_path (by default, this is set to /var/log/zarafa/autoupdate). The trackid value can be used to find the log files, for example: /var/log/zarafa/autoupdate/0x70A12AF8/

+

zarafa-autoupdate.log zarafa-msi.log

6.4.3. MSI Options

If you rather push the zarafa client installation from your Windows Domain server, you probably want the installation not to install the Zarafa Updater Service. The following options can be used to achieve that:

ADDDEFAULT="Client"

This will make the installer only install the Outlook Client part, and not the Updater Service. To install this feature too, add Updater to this option.

APPDIR=D:\Zarafa\Client

To change the default installation path, use the APPDIR variable. Leave this option to normally install in the "Program Files" directory.

/q

Make the installation quiet. No graphical interface will be shown. To show progress of the installation, use the modifier b (for basic gui) or r (for reduced gui). If you show the full gui (f modifier), it will be interactive.

Run msiexec to see a list of other options that can be used. For a typical automated installation, use the following command:

msiexec /i zarafaclient.msi ADDDEFAULT=Client /q

6.5. Single Instance Attachment Storage

Since ZCP 6.30 the Zarafa Server provides Single Instance Attachment Storage to avoid redundant storage of attachments. This feature, as its name implies, only keeps one copy of each attachment when a message is sent to multiple recipients within the same server. This mechanism, thus, minimizes the disk space requirements and remarkably enhances delivery efficiency when messages with attachments sent to large distribution lists.

Let’s assume the following situation: user A belongs to a Zarafa server; he sends a message with 10 MB of attachments to 30 users that reside on the same server. In a normal situation 30 copies of the files would be saved on the database, leading to an inefficient usage of the storage space (310 MB of data). With single instance attachment store, only one copy of each attachment is saved on the database (only 10 MB of data in this example) and all the 30 users can access the attachment through a reference pointer.

참고

Single instance attachments are accessible between tenants (companies) as well (even when the tenants cannot view each other), the handling of single storage will be transparent. Thus, considering the example above, if user A sends the message to 30 users of tenant1 and 50 users of tenant2, provided that the tenants reside on the same server, only one copy of the attachments is saved.

참고

Single instanced attachments will be handled per server, when sending an email with attachment to multiple Zarafa users spread over multiple servers, each server will get its own Single instance attachment.

6.5.1. Single Instance Attachment Storage and LMTP

To use the Single Instance Storage it’s required to use the LMTP delivery method executed from the virtual_transport in Postfix.

With the aforementioned setup, externally received email with an attachment sent to multiple internal users will be processed efficiently by saving the attachment only once.

The usage of virtual_transport in Postfix will deliver only one email with a list of the internal users to the dagent instead of one email per internal user. Without virtual transport option, Single Instance can not know that the attachment is similar in the email item(s).

6.6. Running ZCP Services with regular user privileges

Normally the Zarafa services are run as root. Since version 5.0 there is the option to change the user the service runs as, and still start the services as root. However, there are several things to do before the services can correctly run as a non-root user.

If the log_method is set to file, make sure this directory and file is writable by the user or group the service will be running as. When a logrotate happens, by sending the service the HUP signal, a new file is created, which will be owned by the user the service is running under.

The service should still be started as root since it will create a pid file under the system location /var/run, and will open the network sockets which most likely have a number under 1024, which may only be opened as root.

The following example shows how to configure the zarafa-server to run as user zarafa and group zarafa:

참고

The addgroup and adduser tools may have different syntax on different distributions.

Edit the run_as_user and run_as_group options in the server.cfg file, and set them both to zarafa. Make sure the local_admin_users option still contains root as an administrative user, so the zarafa-admin tool can still be used. Otherwise su or sudo has to be used each time the zarafa-admin tool is started.

6.7. Single Sign On with ZCP

This chapter will describe how to set up a Single Sign On environment with ZCP, so users can authenticate without entering their password. ZCP supports both the NTLM and Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos support is available from ZCP 6.40.2 and higher.

Both methods will be described in the following sections.

6.7.1. NTLM SSO with ADS

6.7.1.1. Installing Linux software

The following software needs to be installed:

winbind

kinit

Depending on the linux distribution used, this comes through various package names. On Debian use:

apt-get install krb5-user winbind

krb5-user will also install the Kerberos library configuration files in /etc. The package winbind depends on samba-common which will therefore be installed as well. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux both the krb5-workstation and the samba-common package are required for this.

To enable NTLM SSO with ZCP set the following option in /etc/zarafa/server.cfg:

enable_sso = yes

6.7.1.2. ADS: Specific network setup

The following prerequisites have to be met before proceeding:

Every server must have a DNS name, so their IP-addresses can be found by DNS.

The time of all servers must be in sync. Time cannot lag for a few minutes.

This document has the following names as example:

FQDN of the Windows ADS server: ADSERVER.ADSDOMAIN.LOCAL. Therefore, the windows server is named: ADSERVER, the realm is ADSDOMAIN.LOCAL, and the domain name is ADSDOMAIN. Workstations can therefore either join the domain using the ADSDOMAIN or ADSDOMAIN.LOCAL name.

FQDN of the Linux server is LINUXSERVER.LOCAL. This name does not matter much, as long as it is handled by the DNS server.

6.7.1.3. Configuring the Kerberos library

First we are going to configure the Kerberos library. The configuration file is /etc/krb5.conf. Under the libdefaults section, set:

The value of kerberos method may also be set to system keytab, and dedicated keytab file may be left out. Please consult the smb.conf(5) manual page for more information about these settings.

With this ticket we can join the Windows domain, without typing the password again:

net ads join

or if this doesn’t work:

net ads join -S ADSDOMAIN -U Administrator

This command may also be different for different versions of Samba. If this command asks for a password, something goes wrong and it should be killed with Ctrl-C. When all goes well, the following line is printed to the screen:

Joined 'LINUXSERVER' to realm 'ADSDOMAIN.LOCAL'

or some other success message.

Now it’s required to restart the winbind daemon, because it keeps too many items cached:

/etc/init.d/winbind restart

And that’s it. To test if authentication actually worked, try the following command:

ntlm_auth --username=john

Where john is a user on the ADS server.

The program will asks for a password. After entering the password, it should say:

NT_STATUS_OK: Success (0x0)

If this step does not work, try restarting winbind, check the DNS names, check with strace what ntlm_auth tries to do, check with tcpdump if there is actual traffic on the network from ntlm_auth to the domain server and other lowlevel debugging tools.

6.7.2. NTLM SSO with Samba 3

6.7.2.1. Installing Linux software

The following software needs to be installed on the ZCP server:

winbind

Depending on the Linux distribution used, this comes through various package names. On Debian use:

apt-get install winbind

On Red Hat Enterprise Linux the samba-common package is required for this.

To enable NTLM SSO with ZCP set the following in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg file:

enable_sso = yes

6.7.2.2. Joining the domain

Now the server need to join the Samba domain by executing the following command:

net rpc join

Finish by typing the Administrator password. If successful the prompt should give:

Joined domain <DOMAIN>

The SSO configuration is now done. To test if authentication actually worked, try the following command:

ntlm_auth --username=john

Where john is a valid Samba user.

The program will asks for a password. After entering the password, it should say:

NT_STATUS_OK: Success (0x0)

If this step does not work, try restarting winbind, check the DNS names, check with strace what ntlm_auth tries to do, check with tcpdump if there is actual traffic on the network from ntlm_auth to the domain server and other lowlevel debugging tools.

6.7.3. SSO with Kerberos

6.7.3.1. Requirements and Conventions

The server that runs ZCP must have the MIT Kerberos software installed.

ZCP version 6.40.2 or higher needs to be installed for SSO with Outlook.

Every server must have a DNS name, so their IP-addresses can be found by DNS. It is also required that all servers have a PTR record.

The time of all servers must always be in sync with each other.

This document has the following names as example:

FQDN of the Windows Active Directory Server: ADSERVER.ADSDOMAIN.LOCAL. Therefore the windows server is named: ADSERVER, the realm is ADSDOMAIN.LOCAL, and the workgroup name is ADSDOMAIN.

FQDN of the Zarafa Server is ZARAFA.LINUXDOMAIN.LOCAL.

In this example the Zarafa Server is placed in a different domain. This is no requirement, but this makes the document a bit more clear on how to create the Kerberos principal.

6.7.3.2. Active Directory configuration

Create two Kerberos principals in Active Directory, one for SSO with WebAccess and one for SSO with Outlook.

Add a new user httpd-linux to the Active Directory (this user will be used to create the principal for SSO with WebAccess, username may differ).

Add a new user zarafa-linux to the Active Directory (this user will be used to create the principal for SSO with Outlook, username may differ).

Make sure that the option Password never expires is enabled.

On the account properties for these users, enable: Use DES encryption types for this account.

After setting this account property it is strongly advised to reset the password for these users.

참고

The following commands will use the ktpass.exe utility, which should be installed by default when the ActiveDirectory is running on the same machine. In any other case you can find it with the "Windows Support tools" on the install cd or download them from the Microsoft website.

참고

When creating a keytab on Windows Server 2008 be sure to specify RC4-HMAC-NT as the crypto, -mapop set +desonly must be left out.

Execute the following command to create the keytab file for the Apache webserver:

6.7.3.6. WebAccess/WebApp configuration

To setup a Single Sign On environment for Zarafa Collaboration Platform, it’s necessary to make a trust between the Apache webserver and the Zarafa Storage Server. The trust is necessary to manage the user authentication through the webserver and not anymore through Zarafa.

There are two ways to establish this trust. The first option is to have the system user running the Apache process acting as an administrator within Zarafa, which can only be recommended when Zarafa is running on the same systen and no other applications (for instance Z-Push) are running on the same server. The second option is to use ssl client certificates (see 6.3.4절. “Creating SSL certificates”) to establish this trust only for a specific web application.

Using client certificates for authentication

To use ssl client certificates for authentication (see 6.3.4절. “Creating SSL certificates”) the client certificate has to be readable by the user of the webserver. Afterwards the DEFAULT_SERVER, SSLCERT_FILE and SSLCERT_PASS has to be changed in the config.php of WebAccess/WebApp.

// When using a single-signon system on your webserver, but Zarafa is on another server
// you can use https to access the zarafa server, and authenticate using an SSL certificate.
define("SSLCERT_FILE", "/usr/share/zarafa-webapp/zarafa-client.pem");
define("SSLCERT_PASS", mypassword);

Running the webserver as an administrator

To have the webserver act as an administrator, the user running the webserver process has to be added on the following line of the server.cfg:

local_admin_users = root apache

Typical users are apache for RHEL, www-data for Debian/Ubuntu and wwwrun for SLES.

참고

This method will only work, when the WebAccess/WebApp is running on the same server as Zarafa.

Restart the zarafa-server processes to activate this change, e.g. for Red Hat:

service zarafa-server restart

주의

Setting the webserver als local_admin_user will allow other applications running on the same server to log in with admin privileges as well. As passwords will no be checked for admin users this means, that user will be able to log in with any password!

Common steps

As the passed user in Single Sign On environments also contains the domain/realm (e.g. user@domain), the WebAccess/WebApp has to remove this before logging in. This can be configured in the config.php file:

define("LOGINNAME_STRIP_DOMAIN", true);

6.7.3.7. Browser configuration

Before Single Sign On can be used in a browser, configure the following settings:

Firefox

Type in the addressbar about:config

Filter on auth

Change the options: network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris and network.negotiate-auth.delegation-uris to .testdomain.com

Internet Explorer

Go to Tools>Internet options>Advanced

Make sure the option Enable integrated Windows authentication is enabled

Restart the browser and open the WebAccess via the FQDN (http://zarafa.linuxdomain.local/webaccess). If the configuration is done correctly, the user will be logged in to the WebAccess without typing the username and password.

6.7.4. Up and running

Now that SSO seems to work with the Linux server, it will automatically be used by zarafa-server. Now log on to a Windows workstation on the domain and create a new Outlook profile for the user just logged on, but leave the password field empty. Outlook should create the profile without the password.

6.8. Tracking messages with Zarafa Archiver

This section provides information on how to track all incoming and outgoing messages using Zarafa’s Archiving technology. This can be useful in more strict e-mail environments where it’s important to be able to see what has been sent and received regardless of what the owner of the messages has done with them.

6.8.1. Archive on delivery

Archive on delivery is the process of making sure each message that is received will also be placed in each attached archive. If the message can not be archived it will not be delivered. Instead it will result in a temporary failure, causing the MTA to retry the deliver the message at a later time.

Archive on delivery is implemented by the zarafa-dagent process and can be controlled with the archive_on_delivery configuration option in the dagent configuration file.

For Archive on delivery to work, an archive configuration file needs to be present in the Zarafa configuration directory. In this configuration file settings for sslkey_file and sslkey_pass must me set to values such that Zarafa server can contact the archvier server sucessfully.

When a message is archived with the archive on delivery method, it will become a regular archive entry, meaning the normal rules apply. This means that if a user moves the message in the primary store, the message will also move in the archive. This includes moving to the trash folder.

중요

When a message is deleted from the primary store, the message is not deleted from the archive. Instead it is moved to the special Deleted folder in the archiver.

주의

Due to the current implementation of the Dagent messages that are moved by a rule will sadly be skipped during any subsequent archiving.

6.8.2. Archive on send

Archive on send is the process of making sure each message that is being send by the spooler will also be placed in each attached archive. If the message not be archived it will not be send. Instead it will return a failure message to the user.

Archive on send is implemented by the zarafa-spooler process and can be controlled with the archive_on_send configuration option in the spooler configuration file.

중요

E-mail that is sent directly to an SMTP server (usually when using an IMAP account) will not be archived directly because the zarafa-spooler is not involved in the send process in this situation.

When a message is archived with the archive on send method, it becomes a detached archive. This means it has no reference to the original message in the primary store. There’s also no message in the primary store that will contain a reference to the archived message.

참고

Unless disabled, messages in the sent items folder are archived as any other message. Extra storage is required because those message have also been archived by the spooler.

6.9. Zarafa Python plugin framework

The Zarafa Spooler and the Zarafa Dagent support the Zarafa python plugin framework. This framework makes it easier for advanced system administrators and developers to integrate systems with the spooler and dagent. The advanced system administrator and developer can easily add new functionality or change some behaviours of the existing system. The plugin framework is based on the programming language Python which means that you need to create your own hook in python.

6.9.1. How it works

If the plugin framework in the spooler or dagent is enabled it will search for python files in the directory plugin_path and look for a specific type of plugin. If the plugins are found it will be verified and loaded. Everytime the spooler or dagent is called it will execute the hooks based on priority. Plugins can validate and change a message on different stages of the spooler and dagent process.

6.9.3. How to use

After the installation of the component zarafa-dagent or zarafa-spooler it’s possible to activate a plugin. The default plugins are installed in the folder ‘/usr/share/zarafa-<componentname>/python/plugins/’. To activate a plugin create a symbolic link in the plugin_path directory to the plugin which you want to activate. For example, to activate the disclaimer plugin in the spooler, run the follow command:

참고

The package python-imaging is required to use this plugin.

6.9.5. Zarafa-Spooler plugins

6.9.5.1. Disclaimer

The disclaimer plugin add a disclaimer to every email sent with the Zarafa spooler.

The disclaimer plugin supports plain text and HTML emails. RTF emails are not supported. To use the disclaimer plugin it’s necessary to create the directory /etc/zarafa/disclaimers which must include the disclaimers. The plugin is using the following files for the disclaimer:

Check the path in plugin_path by default it refer to the directory ‘/var/lib/zarafa/dagent/plugins’, the permissions on the directory must atleast have read and execute permissions.

Python error: PySwigObject object has no attribute Log

There is an invalid version of MAPICore loaded. The old beta python-MAPI package installed the files in another directory but after removing the package the generated files are not removed after you start the dagent or spooler the old generated file is loaded an cause the following error:

To fix this issue remove the MAPICore.pyc files from your system. One of the locations can be /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/MAPICore.pyc

6.9.6.2. Problem - Solution

No plugins are loaded in the zarafa-dagent

Does the plugin exist in the directory plugin_path by default in ‘/var/lib/zarafa/dagent/plugins’? If not, create a symlink to the plugin to activated or just copy the plugin into the directory.

No plugins are loaded in the zarafa-spooler

Does the plugin exist in the directory plugin_path by default in ‘/var/lib/zarafa/spooler/plugins’? If not, create a symlink to the plugin to activated or just copy the plugin into the directory.

6.10. Running ZCP multi-server behind Reverse Proxy

Certain setups require that zarafa-server is not exposed directly to the internet. When offering Outlook access, it is sometimes needed to configure a reverse proxy so that Outlook users can connect to the reverse proxy and not directly to zarafa-server.

Setting up a reverse proxy with a single zarafa-server is quite easy and can be found in chapter 5.1.3 of this administrator manual, however when using a multi-server setup this is a completely different story. Due to the redirection protocol within Zarafa it is quite difficult to setup a reverse proxy for a MutliServer environment, however not impossible.

6.10.1. Description of redirection problem

With redirection the following problem may arise when using a reverse proxy:

Outlook connects to a reverse proxy, and the reverse proxy connects to node Z1.

Node Z1 will send a redirect for User2 to node Z2.

Outlook tries to connect directly to node Z2, but this connection will break on the Firewall.

Therefore zarafa-server has some new options since version 7.1, which will make it easier to setup a reverse proxy for a multi-server environment.

In our new setup the reverse proxy will add extra header information, so the zarafa-server will detect that a connection is being made through a reverse proxy. When a connection is made through a reverse proxy (when the extra header is detected) Zarafa will not reply with the normal redirection string, but it will fetch the connection string from a new ldap attribute: ZARAFAPROXYURL.

Outlook will then still connect to the reverse proxy, even when a redirect command is given:

Outlook connects to the reverse proxy, and the reverse proxy adds the extra header and connects to node Z1.

Node Z1 detects the extra header and will send a redirect for User2 to node Proxy/Z2.

Outlook will now connect again to the proxy, but with a different path /Z2. The proxy will now connect to Z2 so the store of User2 can be opened.

6.10.2. Setup Prerequisites

When setting up a reverse proxy for a multi-server setup using the new ZCP options, the following prerequisites need to be met:

ZCP 7.1 or newer.

OpenLDAP or ADS with the schema extensions from ZCP 7.1 or newer.

A reverse proxy which fully supports HTTP/1.1 (make sure that also the transport encoding "Chuncked Encoding" is supported).

6.10.3. Example Setup with Apache

Apache 2.2 and newer fully supports HTTP/1.1 in the mod_proxy module.

In our example setup we will use an Apache setup which listens on port 237. In your Apache config you will need to add the following:

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
NameVirtualHost *:237
Listen 237
</IfModule>

We assume that you have created the correct certificates for Apache, so that Outlook is able to connect using SSL.

6.10.3.1. Configuring Apache

In our example setup we will create a virtual host which is used for reverse proxying:

/zarafa will be reverse proxied to node Z1 (Default connection is made to /zarafa)

/z1 will be reverse proxied to node Z1 (When a redirection is made to node Z1)

/z2 will be reverse proxied to node Z2 (When a redirection is made to node Z2)

참고

When using Apache as a reverse proxy, it is advised to use Apache in a threaded model and not in a prefork model, as the threaded model is able to handle far more concurrent connections then the prefork model.

6.10.3.2. Adding attribute to Servers

We assume you have installed the ZCP 7.1 or newer schema extensions.

In ldap add the attribute ZARAFAPROXYURL to all servers in the multi-server environment.

6.10.3.3. Configuring Zarafa Server

Now zarafa-server needs to be configured, so that it will send the correct redirect command when the proxy header is detected.

In this example we configured Apache to add the header "zarafa_proxy", if a connection is being made through our reverse proxy.

On all the zarafa servers in the multi-server environment we will need to add an extra config option to the server.cfg:

proxy_header = zarafa_proxy

Zarafa-server will now send the ZARAFAPROXYURL as redirect string to the client when the header "zarafa_proxy" is detected.

However, internal (´behind´ the proxy) redirections must not be redirected to the proxy since this is not necessary. So any internal service (e.g. BES server) will not connect to the reverse proxy, so the extra header is not added and zarafa-server will send the normal redirect string which is generated from the ldap database.

The proxy_header option can have different values:

Empty: proxy_header option will not be used.

[header]: zarafa-server will check for [header], when found zarafa-server send the ZARAFAPROXYURL as redirect string.

*: will force zarafa-server to send the ZARAFAPROXYURL as a redirect string everytime a redirect command is given. With this value set, you do not need to add the extra header in your reverse proxy. However also internal (´behind´ the proxy) services will be redirected to the reverse proxy.

The zarafa-server and zarafa-spooler processes are mandatory to run Zarafa. The zarafa-monitor, zarafa-gateway, and zarafa-ical services are optional. To start a service, type:

/etc/init.d/zarafa-<servicename> start

Replace <servicename> with the service that needs to start. To start the zarafa-server, type:

/etc/init.d/zarafa-server start

This script will start the server. The init.d scripts can start, stop and restart the services. If the init.d script cannot be used, the server needs to be started manually. It is possible to explicitly tell the zarafa server where the configuration file is, using the -c switch:

/usr/bin/zarafa-server -c /etc/zarafa/server.cfg

The zarafa-server will daemonise, so prompt will almost immediately return. Use -F to start it in the foreground. The -F switch can also be used for programs like daemontools that monitor services.

7.1.1. Stopping the services

To stop a service, type:

/etc/init.d/zarafa-<servicename> stop

Most services will stop almost immediately. The zarafa-spooler may take up to 10 seconds to stop. The zarafa-server may take up to 60 seconds to stop.

7.1.2. Reloading service configuration

Some options can be modified and reloaded by the service in a live environment. The options that can be reloaded are described in the manual page of the service configuration file. Example: for the zarafa-server, type the following command to get the configuration manual page:

man zarafa-server.cfg

In the reloading chapter are all the options that can be reloaded for that service. To make a service reload the configuration file, type:

/etc/init.d/zarafa-<servicename> reload

7.2. Logging options

Each component allows the log method to be chosen in its configuration file. Two ways of logging methods are supported: file and syslog.

Normally, all ZCP components log to their respective file located in /var/log/zarafa. This directory is created when the packages are installed. When this directory is not present, or not writable under the running user, services will not be able to open their log file and will print the log messages to the standard output.

Log messages of the server can be configured. The following options need to be altered in the configuration file:

log_method

How to log the messages. file sends the messages to a file. On Linux systems, syslog sends the messages to the default maillog through syslog.

log_file

When the log_method is set to file, this is the variable that defines the name of file. The server needs write access to the directory and file.

log_level

Increase the level of messages that will be logged. Level 6 is the highest level.

log_timestamp

1 or 0; This will enable or disable a timestamp, when using a file as the log method.

Logging of other services than zarafa-server are configured in a same manner as the server.

7.3. Security logging

In ZCP version 7.0 and 6.40.7 a feature for additional security logging was added. Based on this logging auditing can be done on the Zarafa-server. This logging will contain startup messages, user authentications and access actions on delegate stores.

7.3.1. Logging items

7.3.1.1. Startup

When the server is (re)started, the following message will be printed in the security log:

zarafa-server startup by user uid=0

The following tag is possible in the startup line:

uid

The unix user id used to start the server (not necessarily the user the server will be running as)

7.3.1.2. Signals

When the server receives a signal, the following message will be printed in the security log:

zarafa-server signalled sig=15

The following tag is possible in the signal line:

sig

The signal the server received. See man 7 signal for a list of most common signal IDs.

7.3.1.3. Authentications

When a user (not the internal SYSTEM user) logs in, the following message will be printed in the security log:

7.3.2. Configuration

By default the audit logging is disabled. When enabled, the default is to log through syslog since this can be configured to send the messages to an external syslog server. The syslog authpriv facility will be used to send the messages to.

7.4. Zarafa statistics monitoring

The statistics and server status can be checked with the Zarafa-stats tool. The Zarafa-stats tool offers the following options:

--system Gives information about threads, SQL and caches

--session Gives information about sessions and server time spent in SOAP calls

The --top overview gives every second status information about CPU usage, connected clients, active threads, queue length and SQL queries. When the server has a high queue length and age the amount of threads should be normally increased.

7.5. Soft Delete system

If a user deletes emails, calendar items or complete folders, there are by default moved to the Deleted Items folder.

When the items are removed from the Deleted Items, the items still will not be fully removed from the database. Rather, they are marked as deleted, so the user does not see the items. Even when a user deletes items with <SHIFT> <delete> they are not removed from the database, but marked as deleted.

This makes restoring of items quick and easy from Outlook: choose Extra from the menu bar in Outlook menu, and click on Restore deleted items. Items are grouped by the folder they were deleted from. Most items will appear in the Deleted Items folder as they have been removed from that location.

Soft deletes always remain in the database, until they are purged. When an item will be purged is set by the softdelete_lifetime configuration value. The default value is 30 (days).

In this example, the value is set to 30. This means that deleted items will be purged from the database 30 days after they were deleted. When this option is set to 0 (zero), the items will never be removed from the database.

Purges can also be triggered with the following command:

zarafa-admin --purge-softdelete <days>

<days> denotes the number of days that recently removed items are kept. When 0 (zero) all removed items are purged.

For performance reasons a manual purge of the softdelete system is advisable for larger ZCP environments. This can be simply configured by a cron job.

8.1. Public folder

Once the server has been correctly started, stores can be created. There are two type of stores: Private and public stores. There can only be one public store. It can be created with the following command:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin -s

The public store is the folder every user can always open. After installation and configuration of the server a public store needs to be created before private stores can be made. If ZCP is configured for multi-tenancy, a public store will be automatically created per company.

참고

The Public store is by default accessible and writable for all users. Please review the permissions before start using the Zarafa system.

8.2. General usage of Zarafa-admin tool

ZCP offers the zarafa-admin administration tool for managing user and groups. When using the DB plugin the tool can be used to create or delete users and groups. When using the unix or ldap plugin the tool can’t be used for creation of users and groups, but the tool can still be used to get more information about users and groups.

All available users or groups can be displayed by using the following commands:

It can be decided to remove the store from the database or hook the store to another user to be able to access it once again. To remove the store from the database, an action which is irreversible, use the following command:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin --remove-store <store-guid>

To hook the store to another user, use the following command:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin --hook-store <store-guid> -u <user>

The user given with the -u option will now have the new store attached to it. Re-login with the webaccess or create a new profile in Outlook to access the store.

중요

When a store is hooked to a user that already has a store attached to it, the original store will be orphaned. This original store can be found using the list-orphans options of the zarafa-admin command.

참고

In ZCP 6.30.6 and earlier versions, the store of the user was moved to the “Deleted Stores” folder in the public store after a user deletion. This folder is only available for administrative users. Administrators can browse the folders or delete the deleted stores completely by removing the corresponding folder from the “Deleted stores” folder. This is relevant for all user plugins.

More information about all options of the zarafa-admin can be found in the man-page.

8.3.1. Creating users with DB plugin

User name: The name of the user. With this name the user will log on to the store.

Password: The password in plain text. The password will be stored encrypted in the database.

Email: The email address of the user. Often this is <user name>@<email domain>.

Full name: The full name of the user. Because the full name will contain space characters, and maybe other non-alphanumeric characters, the name should be entered with quotes ('').

Administrator: This value should be 0 or 1. When a user is administrator, the user will be allowed to open all Zarafa stores of any user. It is also possible to pass 2 as administrator level, this will make the user a system administrator who can access mailboxes within other companies.

All fields except the email address are case sensitive.

The password can also be set using the -P switch. The password is then not given at the command prompt, but asked for by the zarafa-admin tool. The password is not echoed on the screen and needs to be typed twice for verification.

8.3.2. Non-active users

A non-active user cannot login to ZCP, but email can be delivered to this user, and the store can be opened by users with correct permissions. Non-active users can especially used for functional mailboxes, resources and rooms.

To create a non-active user, use the following command:

zarafa-admin -c <user name> -P -e <email> -f <full name> -n 1

참고

In ZCP version 6.30 and earlier it is not possible to switch an active user to non-active and vice versa. Switching the non-active value will trigger a mailbox deletion.

8.3.3. Updating user information with DB plugin

The same zarafa-admin tool can be used to update the stores and user information. Use the following command to update:

All the changes are optional. For example, only the password for an existing user may be updated, leaving the other user information the same as it was.

8.3.4. Deleting users with DB plugin

To delete a user from the server, use the following command:

/usr/bin/zarafa-admin -d <user name>

The user will be deleted from the database. However the store will be kept in the database, but is not accessible. See 8.2절. “General usage of Zarafa-admin tool” for more information about handling orphant stores.

8.3.5. Configuring ‘Send as’ permissions

ZCP supports two kinds of send delegation:

Send on Behalf permissions

If a user grants the appropriate permission to another user, the latter can send items ‘on behalf of’ the other user. In this case an email or meeting request will be sent with the following “from” field: <delegate> on behalf of <user>. This setting can only be set from the WebAccess or Outlook client.

Send As permissions

If the system administrator gives the rights to user B to ‘send as’ user A, the receiver of an email will not see that user B sent the email. The receiver will only see the email address of user A in the “from” field.

Add a user to the list of the delegate being updated as a ‘send as’ user. The delegate can now send mails as the updated users' name, unless the updated user set the delegate as a user based delegate. This option is only valid with the -u update action.

zarafa-admin -u <delegate> --add-sendas <user>

For example:

zarafa-admin -u helpdesk --add-sendas john

Remove a user from the list of the delegate being updated as a ‘send as’ user. This option is only valid with the -u update action.

참고

With the DB plugin sendas permissions can not be configured on groups.

참고

When both the "send on behalf of" and "sendas" permissions are configured on the same user, the email will always be sent with "on behalf of".

8.3.6. Groups

The server supports groups. Users can belong to any number of groups. Every user always belongs to the special group Everyone. Defining security settings on folders and items are the same for both users and groups.

For example, the group Everyone has read access to the Inbox of Peter. At this point, every user may read the email in Peter’s Inbox, because all users are a member of the group Everyone.

When a new Zarafa user is created, only the free/busy information is open for read access for the group Everyone by default.

8.3.6.1. Creating groups with the DB plugin

By using the zarafa-admin tool, groups can be created and users can be added or removed from groups. In the following example, a user john is created, a group administration is created, and the user john is added to the group administration.

Using the options -l or -L, a list of users or groups can be listed from the server.

All created users will be member of the group “Everyone”, this can not be changed. Groups created with DB plugin can be used both for configuring permissions and sending emails to a specific group.

8.4. Users management with UNIX plugin

When integrating ZCP with the default users and groups of the Linux server, some of the user administration has to be done via the default Linux usermanagement tools, like the useradd tool and the Zarafa specific user administration has to be done with the zarafa-admin tool.

8.4.1. Creating users with Unix plugin

To create a new user, use the default adduser command.

useradd <username> -c "Full name"
passwd <username>

As the emailaddress of user can’t be specified in the adduser command, the default email address will be <username>@default_domain. The default domain is specified in the /etc/zarafa/unix.cfg.

This email address can be changed by using the zarafa-admin tool.

zarafa-admin -u <username> -e <email address>

8.4.2. Non-active users

A non-active user cannot login to ZCP, but email can be delivered to this user, and the store can be opened by users with correct permissions. Non-active users can especially used for functional mailboxes, resources and rooms.

To create a non-active user with the unix plugin, make sure the login shell of the user is set to /bin/false. The login shell for non-active users can be configured as well in the /etc/zarafa/unix.cfg.

참고

In ZCP version 6.30 and earlier it is not possible to switch an active user to non-active and vice versa. Switching the non-active value will trigger a mailbox deletion.

8.4.3. Updating user information with Unix plugin

Changing user information when using the unix plugin can be done for some information with the default Linux user management tools and for other information with the zarafa-admin tool.

The following information has to be changed in the /etc/passwd file or with default Linux user management tools:

Username

Password

Fullname

Mailbox type (active or non-active)

Group membership

The following other information has to be changed and configured with the zarafa-admin tool.

Email address

Administrator flag

Quota

Sendas permissions

8.4.4. Deleting users with Unix plugin

To delete a user from the server, use the following Linux command:

userdel <username>

The user will be deleted from the database. However the store will be kept in the database, but is not accessible. See 8.2절. “General usage of Zarafa-admin tool” for more information about handling orphant stores.

8.4.5. Configuring ‘Send as’ permissions

ZCP supports two kinds of send delegation:

Send on Behalf permissions

If a user grants the appropriate permission to another user, the latter can send items ‘on behalf of’ the other user. In this case an email or meeting request will be sent with the following “from” field: <delegate> on behalf of <user>. This setting can only be set from the WebAccess or Outlook client.

Send As permissions

If the system administrator gives the rights to user B to ‘send as’ user A, the receiver of an email will not see that user B sent the email. The receiver will only see the email address of user A in the “from” field.

Add a user to the list of the delegate being updated as a ‘send as’ user. The delegate can now send mails as the updated users' name, unless the updated user set the delegate as a user based delegate. This option is only valid with the -u update action.

zarafa-admin -u <delegate> --add-sendas <user>

For example:

zarafa-admin -u helpdesk --add-sendas john

Remove a user from the list of the delegate being updated as a ‘send as’ user. This option is only valid with the -u update action.

참고

With the Unix plugin sendas permissions can not be configured on groups.

참고

When both the "send on behalf of" and "sendas" permissions are configured on the same user, the email will always be sent with "on behalf of".

8.4.6. Groups with Unix plugin

The server supports groups. Users can belong to any number of groups. Every user always belongs to the special group Everyone. Defining security settings on folders and items are the same for both users and groups.

For example, the group Everyone has read access to the Inbox of Peter. At this point, every user may read the email in Peter’s Inbox, because all users are a member of the group Everyone.

When a new Zarafa user is created, only the free/busy information is open for read access for the group Everyone by default.

8.4.6.1. Creating groups with the Unix plugin

Groups can be created and users can be added or removed from groups by the default Linux usermanagement tools. In the following example, the group administration is created and the user john is added to the group administration.

groupadd administration
usermod -a -G administration john

Using the options -l or -L, a list of users or groups can be listed from the server.

All created users will be member of the group “Everyone”, this can not be changed. Groups created with unix plugin can be used both for configuring permissions and sending emails to a specific group.

8.5. User Management with LDAP or Active Directory

The Zarafa-server features a system whereby the administrator of a server can specify an LDAP-based server to retrieve user, group and company information. This means that user management can be simplified for installations and standard LDAP administration tools can be used for user management. Also, using an LDAP server makes it possible to integrate Zarafa into an existing environment.

Various LDAP server systems are supported, and Zarafa will communicate with any standard LDAP protocol version 3 or later server. This means Zarafa works in combination with industry-standard solutions as Microsoft Active Directory, OpenLDAP and eDirectory.

This chapter describes loosely how Zarafa uses the LDAP server as a source for user, group, contact and company information. In most cases, the particular setup used will require other options and settings than those described in this document. It is therefore assumed that the reader has a good understanding of how LDAP trees work, and how they are configured in their network.

For more information, please refer to the example configurations and manual pages available on all systems on which Zarafa is installed.

8.5.1. The Zarafa user synchronization principle

In any Zarafa server, there is a database holding the actual data needed while running Zarafa. Apart from the actual folder and item data, the database also holds information on data access rights, user settings, and user meta-data set for users and groups. A lot of this data refers to a specific user ID. For example, an ACL (Access Control List) for the ‘inbox’ for user A will be stored in the database as a record in the ACL table. This record holds the actual access rights for the objects, and the user ID to whom the access control entry has been assigned.

The user ID stated above is therefore a reference to a user ID within the Zarafa database. This ID is stored in the ‘users’ table, along with a reference to the ID of the user in the external user database (in this case, an LDAP server). For example, user ‘A’ may have user ID 5 in the Zarafa system, and may refer to the item (dn=cn=user,dc=example,dc=com) on the LDAP server.

Keeping a list of users in this way also solves the problem of creating the store for a user; There is no way to trigger a store creation event on the Zarafa server whenever a user is added in the LDAP server. The ‘users’ table provides a convenient way to track which users are new to the system and therefore require a new store. The same goes for deleting users, as the user store needs to be removed when the user is deleted.

So, the ‘users’ table in Zarafa is almost exclusively a mapping between the user ID which is used internally in Zarafa, and an external reference to a user in the LDAP database. Naturally, when any new users are added or users are removed from the LDAP server, this table must be kept in-sync with the changes.

There are many ways of keeping the ‘users’ table synchronised with the LDAP server, but Zarafa has chosen by default for a ‘just-in-time’ approach. This means that any time a user is requested from the system, it is first checked in the LDAP server for existence, and then it is checked in the ‘users’ table for existence. If the user does not exist locally on the Zarafa server, then the user is created on-the-fly, before returning the information to the caller.

This means that for users and administrators, the synchronisation seems to be real-time; never will there be a delay between adding or removing users from the LDAP server and the users showing up in Zarafa.

Because all Zarafa components use the same MAPI interface to connect to the server backend, a situation can’t arise with any of the Zarafa tools where the user database is out-of-sync. For example, delivering an email to a user that was just created will never fail due to the user not existing in the Zarafa users table.

To optimise this synchronisation with very large Global Address Books in LDAP, there is a optional setting sync_gab_realtime in the server.cfg configuration file. When this option is set to no there is no real-time synchronisation between the LDAP directory and the Zarafa-server. In this case all Global Address Book entries will be retrieved from the cache of the Zarafa-server. This is especially useful for setups which have large addressbooks (more than 10000 entries in the addressbook).

Synchronisation between the LDAP and Zarafa server need to be forced with the following command:

zarafa-admin --sync

This command can be executed on daily or hourly basis from a cronjob.

8.5.1.1. Add/Remove events

The mechanism above creates a situation in which there are six events that can be signaled:

User creation

Group creation

Company creation

User deletion

Group deletion

Company deletion

These six events can be coupled to a script (which will be described later) so that system administrators can perform specific actions on their servers with these events. By default, Zarafa will only perform the absolute necessary actions during these events; ie store creation and removal. Any other events can be scripted by the system administrator. This means that by default, no actions are performed during group creation and group deletion.

8.5.1.2. Group membership

Zarafa synchronises users, groups and companies so that it can assign user ID’s to them, but the group membership for users is never stored on the Zarafa server. This means that group membership changes are real-time also, and the Zarafa server will query group membership for a user or a user list for a group directly from the LDAP server. How the mapping between group members and users is done will be discussed later.

8.5.1.3. LDAP server dependency

Due to the fact that the Zarafa ‘users’ database doesn’t actually hold the user or group information, but only a reference to the LDAP server, the Zarafa server cannot function without a running and accessible LDAP server. If the LDAP server goes down while Zarafa is running, Zarafa tools will not be able to perform any actions, as almost all server-side actions require some kind of interaction with the LDAP server. For example, just opening an email requires a query to the LDAP server for the groups that the current user has been assigned to. Only after fetching this information, can Zarafa determine whether the current user has the access rights to open the message.

When using OpenLDAP as an LDAP source, it’s recommended to use LDAP replication to guarantee that an LDAP server is available at all times by running an OpenLDAP server on the same machine as Zarafa. This will make sure that the local LDAP server will always be reachable, and Zarafa will always keep running as normal.

8.5.1.4. Setting up the LDAP repository

While in principle almost any LDAP repository can be used with Zarafa, this chapter describes how Zarafa requests the data from the server and how that data is used within the Zarafa server and tools.

The objects that are classified as users, contacts, groups, dynamic groups, addresslists or companies and the attributes that contain the data can be configured within the Zarafa configuration files, so Zarafa can meet the LDAP schema needs. However, here are some pointers to keep the LDAP repository clean and easy-to-manage:

Always use some sort of graphical user interface for user and group management. There are many LDAP configuration tools. (For example, phpLDAPadmin for OpenLDAP as a web based interface)

If there are users that will be using Zarafa, while other users will not, try to group these users into separate ‘folders’. An OU record or any other dc-type object can be used to create these folders.

If Microsoft Active Directory is run, make sure that the real users are in a separate LDAP folder so that Zarafa doesn’t need to import the standard users like ‘Administrator’ and ‘Guest’ into the database. It is also possible to filter the users using an LDAP search query, but these search queries can become unsatisfactorily large when using ADS.

As a general rule, always use the LDAPS (SSL) protocol while contacting the LDAP server. When SSL is not used, information will be transmitted clear-text over the wire. This opens possibilities to sniffing user (and administrator!) passwords from the network wire. Zarafa supports connecting through LDAP via SSL and a certificate specified in /etc/ldap/ldap.conf which is compatible with both Microsoft Active Directory as OpenLDAP servers. Zarafa does not yet currently support STARTTLS-type encryption. More information about setting up Active Directory with SSL support can be found on http://wiki.zarafa.com.

8.5.2. User management from ADS

8.5.2.1. Creating users using ADS

New users can be created by using the default user creation wizard of Active Directory. When creating the user make sure the default email address of the user is always unique.

To configure Zarafa specific information for the user, select the Zarafa tab of the user in Active Directory.

그림 8.1. Zarafa user tab

8.5.2.2. Creating groups using ADS

In Active Directory both security and distribution groups can be created. The security groups can be used for settings permissions and sending emails. Distributions groups can only be used for sending emails and will not be displayed when setting the security permissions on a folder.

ZCP 6.40 and higher versions have support for nested groups.

The groups can be created by using the default group creation wizard in Active Directory.

8.5.2.3. Creating contacts using ADS

The Global Address Book can be extended with contacts. Contacts are external SMTP addresses which are showed in the Global Address Book and can be used as members of distributionlist.

그림 8.2. Contact creation wizard

8.5.2.4. Configuring sendas permissions using ADS

Sendas permissions can be configured both on users and contacts. The users or groups that should be able to sendas a specific address, need to be added in the sendas privilege list of the user or contact.

8.5.2.5. Sending as user alias

In the Active Directory user tab email aliases can be added for the user. These aliases are only used for incoming emails. Sending emails from the email aliases is not possible by default, however the following workaround can be used:

Create a new contact in ADS for each address you want to use to send outgoing email

The contact can be made hidden to hide them from the Global Addressbook

Ensure the alias is set as the primary address of the contact

Assign the user sendas permissions on the new contact

When sending a new message, the user should now manually select the From field in Outlook or add an additional account in the WebAccess settings.

8.5.2.6. Setup addresslists in ADS

Addresslists are subsets of the Global Address Book that match a specific criteria. For example, you can create an address list that contains all users in Manchester and another that contains all users in Stuttgart.

그림 8.3. Addresslists in the Address book

To setup an addresslist in Active Directory it’s required to have the Zarafa ADS plugin installed.

Select a folder in the Active Directory tree from the Users and Group console

8.5.2.7. Hide information from Global Address Book with ADS

From ZCP 6.40 it’s possible to hide users, contacts or groups from the Global Address Book. Hiding information from the Global Address Book can be done by the checkbox Hide from addressbook option in the Zarafa tab in Active Directory .

그림 8.4. Hide a user from the Global Address Book using Active Directory

참고

The internal System user and the Everyone group can be made hidden in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg.

8.5.3. User management from OpenLDAP

8.5.3.1. Creating users using OpenLDAP

Users and groups can be created by using a standard OpenLDAP administration for example phpldapadmin or the Windows tool ldapadmin.

To configure Zarafa specific information for the user, the objectClass zarafa-user has to be added to the user. Adding this objectClass enables you to add Zarafa attributes to the user, like quota settings, sendas permissions, mailbox type.

8.5.3.2. Creating groups using OpenLDAP

Created groups in OpenLDAP will be used by default as security groups in ZCP. The security groups can be used for settings permissions and sending emails. Distributions groups can only be used for sending emails and will not be displayed when setting the security permissions on a folder.

To switch a group to a distribution group the attribute zarafaSecurityGroup has to be set to 0.

8.5.3.3. Creating contacts using OpenLDAP

The Global Address Book can be extended with contacts. Contacts are typically external SMTP addresses and can be used as members of distributionlist.

Contacts must have the same unique attribute as users. Please check the ldap_unique_user_attribute in the ldap.cfg for the correct attribute.

8.5.3.4. Configuring sendas permissions using OpenLDAP

Sendas permissions can be configured both on users and contacts. The users or groups that should be able to sendas a specific address, need to be added in the sendas privilege list.

8.5.3.5. Setup addresslists in OpenLDAP

Addresslists are subsets of the Global Address Book that match a specific criteria. For example, you can create an address list that contains all users in Manchester and another that contains all users in Stuttgart.

To setup an addresslist in OpenLDAP, follow these steps:

Create an Organisation Unit for all the addresslists in the LDAP tree.

그림 8.5. Addresslists in LDAP

After restarting the zarafa-server, the addresslists should be visible in the global addressbook.

8.5.3.6. Hide information from Global Address Book with OpenLDAP

From ZCP 6.40 it’s possible to hide users, contacts or groups from the Global Address Book.

Hiding information from the Global Address Book can be done by setting the zarafaHidden attribute in OpenLDAP to 1 on a specific object.

참고

The internal System user and the Everyone group can be made hidden in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg.

8.6. LDAP Condition examples

For both addresslists and dynamic groups a LDAP filter need to specified. For example, the Global Address Book contains Dutch and German users. It is possible to view these users per country by creating two addresslists in the LDAP tree. All German users have the domain example.de in the mail address, and all the Dutch have example.nl.

In this situation, the condition (mail=*@example.de) is used for the addresslist German, and (mail=*@example.nl) for the addresslist Dutch.

Any combination with LDAP attributes are applicable. This following example selects everyone that is a Zarafa administrator and has the character p in the cn value.

8.7. Zarafa Feature management

Some features within ZCP can be disabled. By default, all features are disabled. Enabling can be done globally or on a per-user basis. When a feature has been globally disabled, you may enable the feature in a per-user basis too. Currently the only features that can be controlled are ‘imap’ and ‘pop3’.

If the ‘pop3’ feature is disabled, users won’t be able to login using the POP3 protocol. The same goes for the ‘imap’ feature, but this has an extra effect aswell. When a user receives email when the ‘imap’ feature is enabled, the original email and some other imap optimized data will also be saved in the Zarafa database and attachment directory. This will make the IMAP services provided by the zarafa-gateway more reliable. On the other hand, it will also use more diskspace. Disabling the ‘imap’ feature will thus save diskspace.

The following table will show when a user can use IMAP or POP3.

표 8.1. Access control overview

Service enabled for user

Service disabled for user

Nothing configured for user

Service listed in disable_feature in server.cfg

Service not listed in disable_feature in server.cfg

8.7.1. Globally enabling features

To enable a specific feature, edit the disabled_features setting in your server configuration:

disabled_features = imap pop3

8.7.2. Per-user en- or disabling features

Managing the feature per user depends on the user plugin which is used. For the db and unix plugin the zarafa-admin tool has to be used to control the features:

For Active Directory or OpenLDAP setups (using the ldap or ldapms user plugin), the features will be managed from two LDAP attributes zarafaEnabledFeatures and zarafaDisabledFeatures. Make sure the latest schema file or Active Directory plugin is installed, before using these attributes. These multi-valued attributes can contain any string, but only the features Zarafa knows about will actually be provided through the system.

그림 8.6. Zarafa features tab in ADS

참고

Make sure a particular feature isn’t listed in both zarafaEnabledFeatures and zarafaDisabledFeatures. Consistency will not be guaranteed.

8.8. Resource configuration

ZCP supports automatic booking of resources, like beamers, rooms or other equipment. To create a resource add a new non-active mailbox or select in Active Directory or OpenLDAP the resource user type.

Before a resource can be booked by users, the resource has to configured to automatically accept meeting requests. The automatic acception of meeting request can be configured in two ways; by using the zarafa-admin tool or by using the Outlook client.

To configure the resource from Outlook, use the following steps:

Make the resource temporarily active

Login as the resource in Outlook

On the Tools menu, click Options, and then click Calendar Options.

Under Advanced options, click Resource Scheduling

Enable the automatic acception of meeting request

If the resource should decline double bookings of the resource or bookings of recurrent meetings, the options "Decline recurrencing meeting request" and "Decline conflicting meeting requests" should be enabled.

Configure the permissions on the calendar of the resource, so the users can book the resource. Users should have at least write permissions to the calendar of the resource.

To configure the resource with the zarafa-admin tool, use the following command:

zarafa-admin -u <resource name> --mr-accept 1

The resource will now automatically accept meeting requests. To decline double booking or recurrent meeting, use:

After the automatic acception of meeting requests is configured, make sure the users have at least write permissions on the calendar of the resource. The permissions can be configured by opening the resource mailbox to an administrator user and setting the permissions.

To automatic book a resource make sure the resource option is really selected in the Freebusy times when schedulign the meeting.

그림 8.7. Resource option in Freebusy times

8.8.1. Resource booking methods

There are two methods for booking resources:

Direct booking

Meeting-request booking

Both methods are used to book resources; The final outcome is that the user can book a resource, after which the resource’s calendar will show that it is busy for the allocated timeslot. Both methods support declining recurring and conflicting meetings, but the way that they work differ in various ways:

표 8.2. Table Comparison of resource booking methods

Direct booking

MR booking

Books directly in target calendar

Sends meeting request which is responded to

Needs read/write access to resource’s calendar

Needs no read or write access to resource’s calendar

Possible to limit bookers through permissions

Not possible to limit bookers

Does not support multiple resources using the same calendar

Possible to set double-booking limit to 2 or higher for equipment

Doesn’t work with external bookers

Works with external bookers

8.8.1.1. Direct booking

Direct booking is the default resource booking method for:

Outlook 2000 - Outlook 2007

Zarafa WebAccess

The way this works is that the client application:

Opens the resource’s calendar

Checks the calendar for availability

Creates an appointment in the calendar

Notifies the user that the resource has been booked

This has the main drawback that the client needs to have write access to the calendar. This in turn means that the user doing the booking could, in theory, also book other appointments in the resource’s calendar without adhering to the requirements (eg. double-booking a room).

In Outlook 2010, the default booking method has changed to MR-based booking. It can be re-enabled on a per-user basis by adding the following registry key:

8.8.2. Meeting request (MR) booking

참고

MR booking was introduced in Zarafa 7.0.3. Attempting to use MR booking in versions prior to 7.0.3 will result in all resource meeting request remaining unconfirmed, and items not being booked in the resource’s calendar.

Booking by meeting requests works exactly the same as sending a meeting request to another user; When booking the resource, a user sends a meeting request to the resource in an e-mail. The resource then receives the e-mail, checks its own availability and replies to the meeting requests just like a human user would; the booker receives an Accepted or Declined meeting response by email.

This means that when the meeting is sent to the attendees, the resource has actually not been booked yet; it is possible that another user has booked the resource in the mean time, resulting in a declined response from the resource. The booker must then re-schedule and send all participants an update.

The main advantage of this method is that the booker needn’t have write permissions on the resource’s calendar. Also, the MR method allows for more flexible handling of meeting requests. For example, if the user has 5 projectors, which have been created as a resource, then they could be created as 5 separate resources, each of which would normally be directly booked. However, this would require the user to search for a free projector and book that specific projector.

With MR booking, the administrator can set the equipment’s capacity to a number other than 1, for example 5 in this case. The administrator then only needs one resource with a capacity of 5 to represent all the projectors. When the MR is processed by the resource, it will check whether all projectors were booked at that moment, only declining when all 5 projectors were not available at that moment.

Please note that you must use the equipment type for your resource if you wish to use the capacity feature. The capacity of room resources is ignored (you can not double-book a room).

MR booking is processed by the zarafa-mr-accept script which is installed by default. This script is triggered by zarafa-dagent in both direct and LMTP mode when the destination user’s mr-accept setting is set to TRUE AND the incoming message is a meeting request or meeting cancellation. If the zarafa-mr-accept script fails, delivery processing is done as usual, possibly triggering delivery rules and out-of-office messages.

참고

In rare cases zarafa-mr-accept prints out a warning about using localtime(). This relates to the - per default - unspecified date.timezone variable of php.ini. Setting it to for example date.timezone = Europe/Berlin fixes these messages.

8.8.3. Setting the resource booking method

This will enable or disable direct booking. Disabling direct booking implies that MR booking will be used.

For Zarafa WebAccess, you can set the booking method by setting

define('ENABLE_DIRECT_BOOKING', true)

in config.php

This will enable or disable direct booking, mirroring the behaviour in Outlook. If you disable direct booking, MR booking will be used.

8.9. Out of office management

Users can normally manage their out of office replies from the Outlook, webclients and certain mobile devices. Sometimes users forget to turn on their out of office reply or out of office replies should be enabled for shared mailboxes.

For these purposes ZCP 7.1 is shipping a commandline utility to manage out of office replies.

Other options can be gathered from the help of the script. This can be reached when the script is called without any arguments.

8.10. Mailbox Storage Relocator

In order to move mailboxes between different multi-server nodes, the mailbox storage relocator is available. The zarafa-msr tool should be used to relocate mailboxes from one multi-server node to another.

The zarafa-msr tool will connect to the user-backend server (LDAP/AD) as defined in the Zarafa server.cfg file. It will request the current homeserver-setting of that user from the backend server. It will then connect to that homeserver and migrate the entire mailstore to the new homeserver as specified in the msr configuration file. After the migration, the zarafa-msr tool will keep the two mailstores in sync with each other.

The zarafa-msr is not only migrating items and folders, but also permissions, rules and settings.

참고

The zarafa-msr can only be used in multi-server setups. Multi-server support is available in the Zarafa Enterprise and Hosted edition.

중요

When the zarafa-msr will be used for large scale migrations, please contact Zarafa Professional Services for advise on the recommended setup.

8.10.1. Prerequisites

Python 2.5 or above

Python MAPI binding

Zarafa 6.40.5 or above

8.10.2. Invocation

The only argument required by zarafa-msr is a configuration file specifying the details of the relocation operation.

zarafa-msr msr.cfg

When zarafa-msr has finished relocating all mailboxes, it will print the following message:

"x migrations have completed successfully, maintaining sync."

where x denotes the number of migrated mailboxes. The administrator can now stop zarafa-msr by pressing Ctrl-C.

zarafa-msr can safely be stopped at any time by pressing Ctrl-C. On the next run it will continue where it left off when it was stopped.

If it is not stopped by pressing Ctrl-C, zarafa-msr will keep the sync running forever.

The zarafa-msr tool can be run on either the destination, or the source homeserver. Or, albeit inefficiently, any other node in the multiserver setup.

참고

It’s recommended to disable mailbox quotas on the destination server during the migration.

8.10.3. Updating LDAP/ADS

There are two situations in which it is safe to update the home servers for the users whose mailboxes have been relocated:

zarafa-msr is still running. In this case all changes in the original mailbox will continue to be propagated to the new mailbox.

When enabled the msr won’t redirect to source server from LDAP information

workers

4

Amount of concurrent sync worker threads

8.10.4.2. Servers Section

The Servers section is an optional section that contains a list of server aliases. These aliases can be used in the Mapping section when a lot of mailboxes are relocated to the same server.

The Servers section has no predefined options. Instead the format is

sever_alias: server_path

As many items as needed can be placed in this section.

8.10.4.3. Mapping Section

The Mapping section contains the list of usernames and the destination node for their mailboxes. The destination node can be a full server path or an alias specified in the Servers section.

The Mapping section has no predefined options. Instead, the format is

username: destination_node

As many items as needed can be placed in this section.

To relocate the public store a special name should be used for the username:

In a multi-tenant environment, the name of the tenant for which to relocate the public store must be used.

In a single-tenant environment, the special name __public__ must be used.

8.10.4.4. Logging Section

The Logging section is optional and contains logging specific settings. Currently the only setting is the log_file setting, which allows an alternate log file to be selected. By default a file called zarafa-msr.log will be created in the working directory.

8.10.5. Post migration steps

The zarafa-msr will migrate the complete mailbox including all settings to the destination node. However the zarafa-msr will not migrate the sync state of the user. The sync state is used for Z-Push users, Blackberry users and offline Outlook users.

This means all Z-Push users need to reinitialize their device after they are migrated. On some mobile devices a full resync can be done, however on iPhones and Ipads the whole Activesync profile has to be deleted and recreated. Users with a Blackberry device need to be removed and added again in the Blackberry Enterprise Server administration console.

Users with an offline Outlook profile will get an automatic resync triggered after the msr migration. The resync will reinitialize the sync state on the new serverm, so all changes get synced to the Outlook client.

As the zarafa-msr will not remove the source mailbox when the migration is finished, the administrator should remove it. On the source server the following commands can be used to cleanup the migrated mailboxes:

When installing a Linux server with Zarafa, it is imperative that MySQL is correctly configured to achieve maximum performance on the server; almost all performance bottlenecks are within the database access itself, so getting the SQL queries to run as quickly as possible is very important.

For large installations, it is strongly advised to tune Zarafa’s cache parameters as well; These are normally set quite low to make sure that Zarafa can run on relatively low-end servers, but in anything but the smallest installations, these defaults needs to be upped. Any installation with 50 or more users should definitely tune the cache parameters for maximum performance.

This document assumes the primary role of the server is to run Zarafa. Always make sure that other factors are taken into account — for example an anti-spam system or a webserver running a site other than the Zarafa WebAccess.

9.1. Hardware Considerations

There are also various different hardware setups to consider when setting up a server for Zarafa. We will discuss the various types of hardware that affect performance.

9.1.1. Memory usage

Tuning memory usage is one of the best ways of increasing server performance; as RAM is generally cheap, using a large amount of RAM in the server properly can boost performance by orders of magnitude.

On the other hand, setting RAM usage too high may cause the server to swap out parts of the memory which need to be swapped back in later, causing a large slowdown in all parts of the server. It is therefore important to set the RAM usage of various components to a high enough setting to use the RAM available, and at the same time not to set the RAM usage too high.

To make use of the available RAM as best as possible, Zarafa is designed to use only a fixed amount of physical RAM; the memory usage does increase per user that connects, but only by a small amount — the largest part of the memory usage is due to cache settings in the configuration file. This makes it very easy to control the exact amount of memory that will be used in a live situation, and one can be pretty sure that the actual amount of RAM used will never go far beyond the values set.

So, in general, the optimum RAM usage is as high as possible, without making the system needing to swap out important parts of available memory.

It is very difficult to give a fixed value for what the optimal memory usage distribution is for a given server, as data access patterns vary wildly from server to server. We will describe some rule-of-thumb parameters here and make the RAM usage patterns as clear as possible here.

9.1.2. Hardware considerations

In servers running Zarafa, the main performance bottleneck will be the route between the data on the hard disk, and the time it takes to get to the client. This means that generally, I/O performance is more important than CPU performance. Using this as a basis, the following pointers may help in selecting the correct hardware for the system:

9.1.3. More Memory is More Speed

More RAM means better caching and therefore better speed.

Zarafa is specifically designed to make use of the large amounts of RAM that is available in modern servers. On the other hand, please remember that in normal Linux server the maximum amount of usable RAM in a 32-bit server is 3Gb unless PAE (physical address extension) is supported in the kernel, CPU and mainboard. If more than 3Gb is needed without some sort of limitation, use a 64 bit system, a 64 bit Linux OS, and a 64 bit Zarafa package.

9.1.4. RAID 1/10 is faster than RAID 5

In general, a RAID1 or RAID10 array is faster at database accesses than RAID5 and RAID6. Zarafa strongly recommends not use the RAID5 or RAID6 configuration to prevent performance issues.

9.1.5. High rotation speed (RPMs) for better database performance

High-end SCSI or SAS disks regularly have high rotation speeds of 10K or even 15K RPMs. The rotation speed of the disks affects seek times on the disk. Although the Zarafa database format is optimized to have data available on the disk in a serial fashion, and most reads are done fairly localized on the disk, seek time is still a large speed factor for I/O. The higher the rotation speed, the lower the seek time.

9.1.6. Hardware RAID

Hardware RAID controllers often have large amounts of cache RAM. This can also increase performance and data throughput of the I/O subsystem. If a hardware RAID controller is used however, always make sure that either write-back cache is not used, or a functioning UPS and shutdown process for the server are available, as write-cached data will be lost when the power fails. This is not only harmful for the data that was written at that moment, the write could actually corrupt the on-disk innodb data.

9.2. Memory Usage setup

There are basically 4 large parts of the server setup that use server memory:

Zarafa’s cell cache (caches individual cell data within a table view)

MySQL’s buffer size (caches reads and writes from the ibdata file)

MySQL’s query cache (caches exactly repeated SQL queries)

In a server purely running Zarafa, make sure these caches are setup to use around 80% of the RAM in the server. The other 20% should be free for system processes, other processes (like MTA) and the webserver.

For a general rule-of-thumb, the following RAM distribution should be used:

Zarafa caches:

cache_cell_size: around 25% of total RAM size

cache_object_size: about 100kb per user

cache_indexedobject_size: about 512kb per user

These cache settings need to be configured in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg file. To activate the cache size changes the Zarafa Server need to be restarted.

MySQL settings:

innodb_buffer_pool_size: around 50% of total RAM size

mysql_query_cache: 32Mb

innodb_log_file_size: 25% of the innodb_buffer_pool_size

innodb_log_buffer_size: 32M

innodb_file_per_table

max_allowed_packet: 16M

table_cache: 1000

These settings need to be configured in the /etc/my.cnf or /etc/mysql/my.cnf file below the [mysqld] section.

It’s recommended to change these MySQL settings before starting the Zarafa Server and migrating user data.

The most important settings will now shortly be described to illustrate the need of each of these cache settings.

9.2.1. Zarafa’s Cell Cache (cache_cell_size)

Data that is actually shown to the user in table views, passes through the cell cache. This means that any view of a table in Outlook will only retrieve the information from the database of the cells that are not already in the cache. The cache lifetime is as long as the entire server lifetime, so opening an inbox twice in succession should result in 0 disk accesses for the second access. It is a good idea to set the cell cache as high as can be managed, usually about the same size as the MySQL buffer size.

9.2.2. Zarafa’s object cache (cache_object_size)

The Zarafa object cache is used to cache the hierarchy table. Each object that is accessed will be placed in this cache, making it faster to retrieve the information again without accessing the database. The more items users have in their folders, the more important this cache becomes. Since the information is quite small, this cache does not need to be large. About 1Mb for 10 users is even an overestimation.

9.2.3. Zarafa’s indexedobject cache (cache_indexedobject_size)

To open a specific item, the program needs to send the server a unique key, called an entryid, to the server to request that item. This cache is a 2 way index of the MAPI key to a database key and the other way around. The translation of the keys are quite important. This cache is filled per folder, so large folders will push out otherwise important information. Normal usage is about 0.5 Mb per user.

9.2.4. MySQL innodb_buffer_pool_size

The MySQL buffer is used to cache reads and writes to the ibdata file. In a dedicated MySQL machine, this would be anywhere between 50% to 80% of the physical RAM size in the machine. When MySQL is run on the same machine as Zarafa, it is recommended to be around 25% of physical RAM size (so that Zarafa’s Cell Cache can also be set to this value)

9.2.5. MySQL innodb_log_file_size

The innodb_log_file_size is the size of the transaction log. By default there are two logfiles. The preferred value size for the innodb_log_file_size is 25% of the innodb_buffer_pool_size.

중요

Customers the innodb_log_file_size tuning their existing MySQL installation are recommended to read this article http://www.zarafa.com/wiki/index.php/MySQL_tuning before performing this tasks. Tuning MySQL the wrong way can result in a database corruption.

9.2.6. MySQL innodb_log_buffer_size

The size of the innodb_log_buffer_size that InnoDB uses to write to the log files on disk. A large log buffer allows large transactions to run without a need to write the log to disk before the transactions commit. If big transactions are present, making the log buffer larger will save disk I/O. This value should be 25% of the innodb_log_file_size.

9.2.7. MySQL query_cache_size

The MySQL query cache is normally disabled. Enabling the query cache can cause a small performance increase, but increasing it to more than a few MBs is not necessary as most recurring SQL queries are rather small.

9.2.8. MySQL innodb_file_per_table

The innodb_file_per_table option will create per database table a innodb data file, instead of using one large ibdata file for all data. Having a file per table will give more flexibility to move tables to different filesystem partitions for better performance.

9.2.9. MySQL max_allowed_packet

The max_allowed_packet defines the maximum size of a single packet which can be inserted in the database. Customer changing this value to a higher value, should keep in mind the Outlook offline database is also using MySQL, which can cause client issues in case packets are larger than 16Mb.

9.3. Setup of modules on different servers

There are several parts of the Zarafa server that can be hosted on different servers. In fact, almost each part of the server can be run on a different system. However, in practice, splitting all modules of the server on the different servers, will not increase performance. The main parts that should be considered are:

Server1: MySQL server

Server2: Zarafa server

Server3: MTA + AntiSpam/AntiVirus

Server4: WebServer

If these 4 parts were to be hosted on 4 servers, each server would communicate with the others to work as a single system. This setup can be made quite easily simply by configuring the various parts of the system to communicate with another server.

For the MySQL server, this only has to be accessed by the zarafa-server process on Server2. This can very easily be done by setting the correct login and host configuration in Zarafa’s server.cfg.

The Zarafa Server will itself be contacted by Outlook Clients, Server3 (MTA), and Server4 (WebServer). This can be done because the zarafa-server process is listening on port 236 on Server2, and the other servers can connect with it.

Server3 will accept email on port 25 or fetch email via some email protocol like POP3. After passing the email through anti-spam and anti-virus, the email will be passed to the zarafa-dagent process. The zarafa-dagent process can be configured to connect with an SSL certificate with Server2. This SSL certificate is required because the zarafa-dagent needs to be authenticated because it is connecting from a different server over port 236. When this is configured in both Server3 and Server2, the email can be delivered directly to Server2 by Server3.

Server4 is the WebAccess server, running Apache, and accepting connections on port 80 (or 443 for SSL). The Zarafa WebAccess can be configured (in config.php) to connect over port 236 (or port 237 for SSL) to Server2 for the actual data. Once this has been configured, this server is ready to serve users. No additional configuration is required.

10.1. Softdelete restore

The softdelete restore can be used by users from Outlook with the Restore deleted items dialog from the Tools menu to restore deleted items. This will cover most accidental deletions.

Items that are deleted by the user (by emptying the deleted items folder or with a hard delete like shift-delete in Outlook), are simply placed in the deleted items cache. This means that the item will not actually be removed from the database until the retention time of the item has expired. This expiration time in can be specified in the server.cfg configuration time and it set to 30 days by default.

Note that the restore deleted items dialog works on the currently selected folder.

In the following overview, which possibilities can be performed by whom, and when it’s most likely used can be seen.

표 10.1. Recovery options

Restore request

% of time spent

Backup solution

Performer

Items < 30 days old

80 %

Softdelete system

User and Administrator

Items >= 30 days old

10 %

Bricklevel

Administrator

Items from a specific sender

5 %

Bricklevel

Administrator

Items over a specific time period

3 %

Bricklevel

Administrator

Disaster recovery

2 %

MySQL Dump

Administrator

As can be seen, the most common restore request can be performed by the user itself. This is because the softdelete system is accessable through Outlook.

When older messages are requested to be restored, the Administrator will need to consult the backups. It is not possible to restore a single item with a MySQL dump, so this is the point where the zarafa-backup tool steps in.

The bricklevel backups from the zarafa-backup tool contain not enough information for disaster recovery. A complete dump of the MySQL database will be needed to perform this type of recovery.

10.2. Full database dump

All the data that is stored by Zarafa Server is stored within a MySQL database. This means that for a disaster recovery, all that is needed is a full backup/restore of the database in question. This can be done in many ways, but we will explain two ways of doing a good backup here. Also, there are some ways not to do a backup

10.2.1. SQL dump through mysqldump

The contents of an entire Zarafa database can be saved to a file by using the mysqldump command. There are, however, some options that are important in this case: the --single-transaction option should always be specified to mysqldump. When this is done, it will cause mysqldump to write a single snapshot of the database to disk. This will make sure that any writes done in the database during the backup will not be backed up. In effect, the dump that is made is a ‘snapshot’ of the database at the moment that the dump started.

When using mysqldump, it is very important not to do any table locking. This means that the --opt option and --lock-tables should never be used while dumping a Zarafa database. The reason is that these options will ‘lock’ the tables while they are being dumped to disk, causing any accesses to the database to ‘freeze’ while the backup runs. This is firstly unnecessary and secondly may cause emails that are arriving during backup to bounce (depending on the MTA settings).

A simple:

mysqldump --skip-opt ---single-transaction -p <database> > <dumpfile>

will make a consistent dump of the database.

10.2.2. Binary data dump via LVM Snapshotting

This technique uses the ‘LVM Snapshot’ feature to effectively ‘freeze’ a binary view of the database file, while the database keeps running. This ‘frozen’ view is then simply binary copied to a remote server. This works because innodb makes sure that a single snapshot of a database will always be coherent (ie. It will be able to recover the database when mysql is started up on this dataset.)

As setting up LVM and configuring LVM for snapshots is a complex process, we refer the user to the LVM documentation and tools on how to set up an LVM volume for the MySQL data, and how to create and delete snapshot partitions.

10.2.3. Attachments backup

When using the attachments storage outside the database, make sure that these attachments are also backupped.

Use of a (commercial) backup agent for Linux, like SEP, Bacula, Arkeia or others

10.3. Brick-level backups

The commercial editions of ZCP provide a brick-level backup tool. This tool will create a backup of the mailboxes to separate files. The second time a backup is performed , only the changed and new items are added to the backup.

Please note that this kind of backup is not meant for disaster recovery. Only items are written in the backup. No information about the users, or specific information the user create, like rules, are not backed up.

10.3.1. Backup format

The backup tool creates 2 files for each mail store: a data file and an index file.

The index file contains information about folders, the hierarchy and messages. The fields are colon separated. There are 3 types of entries in the index file, which are R, C and M. The R stands for Root, and is always the first and the only R entry in the index. It contains a key which folders use as their parent key to denote that they are directly connected to the root container of the store.

The C stands for Container, which can be any type of folder. It has 2 keys, one parent and one to identify the container itself. It also has a unique restore key. This key can be used to select the folder for the restore tool. It has an indicator of how many items there are in the folder, a last modification unix timestamp, and a type of the folder (eg. IPF.Note for a mail folder, IPF.Appointment for a calender). The last part of a C entry is the name of the folder, which may contain a colon itself, so therefore it is the last part in the entry. A detailed list of the fields for a Container can be found in the appendix.

The M in the index stands for Message, which can be any type of message or item. It has a parent key, which matches a folder key. Then it has a restore key, which can be used to restore this specific message. A unix timestamp follows which is the last modification time of the message. If a user changed the message, this timestamp will be updated. The index entry continues with the type of message (mail, calendar, meeting request, etc). The entry contains an offset where the item starts in the data file, and lastly contains the subject of the item. Since this subject may contain colons, it is at the end of the entry. A detailed list of the fields for a Message can be found in the appendix.

The data file is a binary dump of all the message properties, recipients and attachments. Folders are only set in the index file, thus only the name is backed up, since that is enough to recreate the folder.

10.3.2. Backup process

When a first backup of a store is created, the backup tool will perform the following actions:

Create a list of all the folders and their contents of the store

For all items found, write them to disk

Because it first creates a list of everything in the store, newly created items during the backup will not be seen and thus will not be backed up. Moved items will still be in the backup, but in the original location they were found in. Hard deleted items during the backup will not be backed up because they cannot be opened anymore.

When the backup is started again, it will find the previous backup and automatically start an incremental backup, and will perform the following actions:

Read the index file and create a tree of the previous backup

Create a list of all the folders and their contents of the store

Per container, find the items which are already backed up and did not change and remove those from the list

Remove the old index file

Backup the items left in the list, and append them to the data file

To start the backup process use:

zarafa-backup -u <username>

or for all users and public folders:

zarafa-backup -a

To speed up the backup process multiple threads can be configured in the backup.cfg. The default option is 1 thread, so for larger environment increasing this number is recommended.

There are a few things to notice about this behavior of the backup tool. When the lists of the previous index and the current contents of the store are compared, it does this per matching container. This means that if the user moved items from one folder to another, they will not be found, thus will be backed up again because they will be marked as ‘new’ in the other folder they we’re moved to.

If a message was changed by the user since the last backup, the item will have a new ‘last modification date’, and will be backed up again in it’s totality since the backup would become unbearably slow if it would need to check all the properties of a message to see which property changed and which not. Overwriting the old message is also problematic because the new message may be bigger than the old, and it will not fit on the old space of the message.

Then when the actual backup process starts, it will first remove the old index. The index file will then be rebuild while the backup processes each message found in the list. The changed data will be placed in a new data file with an incrementing counter in its filename, keeping the old information which was still available and did not need to be stored again.

For more options of the zarafa-backup tool use:

man zarafa-backup

10.3.3. Restore process

In order to restore items from the zarafa-backup tool, use the zarafa-restore tool. To restore items or complete folders, find the corresponding restore key in the user.index.zbk file.

This index file isn’t humanly readable with a text editor. Instead, use the readable-index.pl Perl script, which can be found in /usr/share/zarafa-backup/. To identify items, use the folder name field or the subject to find the items needed to be restored.

/usr/share/zarafa-backup/readable-index.pl username.index.zbk

When the items are found, place the restore keys in a separated file, or give them as parameters to the zarafa-restore tool. If the restore key of a folder is entered, the complete folder with all its items will be restored on one level. If the sub folders of the selected folder need to be restored, add the -r parameter to the command. The following example restores the inbox with sub folders from userA. The restore key AF000000 is found in the userA.index.zbk file and needs to be defined at the end of the command.

zarafa-restore -u userA -r -f userA.index.zbk AF000000

The -f parameter as a reference for the index file is not necessary when using an index file from the same user. For example, if using zarafa-restore --u userA, the zarafa-restore tool will automatically use the userA.index.zbk file when index.zbk is in the same directory as where the command is executed.

In the next example a file (keys.txt) containing multiple restore keys from multiple items and folders from user userA is used. Every restore key in the file needs to be separated with a new line.

zarafa-restore -u userA --r --i keys.txt

To do a full mailbox restore of an user, the following script can be used.

/usr/share/zarafa-backup/full-restore.sh <username>

Please make sure the script is executed from the backup directory. To restore a full mailbox to another user, use:

A ZCP 6.40.0 or 6.30.18 or later server package, running and configured, is also required.

11.1.2. Authentication Preparation

A trust certificate is needed for communication between the calendaring component of BES (CalHelper.exe) and Zarafa. For normal (email) communication all that is necessary is a user on the server with administrator privileges. An existing administrator account can be used for this but it is also possible to create a new administrator account, normally besadmin.

To create the SSL certificate, follow the steps in 6장. Advanced Configurations. One certificate is needed. Copy the private key (e.g. bes.pem) to the window machine running BES, and place the public key (e.g. bes-public.pem) in Zarafa’s /etc/zarafa/sslkeys folder.

중요

If a self-signed certificate is being used (very likely), then outlook MUST be started under the user account which BES is using and connect to the server once using SSL. This will pop-up the SSL warning dialog which allows a remember this choice option. If this is not selected, problems will arise with calendar synchronization later on. If a cluster is being run, each server must be connected to.

11.2. Installation steps

참고

If an existing BES4 server is being replaced, please make sure that the old CalHelper.exe.local directory is deleted, as it is no longer needed in this version.

중요

BES 5.0 requires an Active Directory Server for installation. However, this is only needed during installation and is not required while the server is running. Also, the machine installing BES5 must be a domain member, even though everything can be installed using a local Administrator account. If neither of these is available, the installation will fail to complete.

Make sure the ZCP server is setup correctly for SSL (see previous step).

Make sure to copy cdo.dll and gapi32.dll from c:\program files\common files\system\msmapi\langid to c:\windows\system32, otherwise blackberry server will be unable to detect CDO.

Install the Zarafa Windows Client.

Install the Zarafa BES connector.

Start→+Zarafa+→+Zarafa BES connector+→+Create MAPI profile+. This will prompt for Zarafa’s server address, username and password. An Admin account should be specified here to create the profile. It is recommended SSL is used here, because it will expose any problems with the SSL setup early on.

Find any files on the machine called ems*32.dll (normally any of emsui32.dll, emsmdb32.dll and emsabp.32.dll) and replace each of them with the supplied emsmdb32.dll in the program files folder for the Zarafa BES Connector.

Set the correct path, password of the SSL key and the server address in file C:\Program Files\Zarafa\Zarafa BES Connector\exchange-redirector.cfg

Be sure that all steps (1-10) are done and reboot the machine.

Start the BES Installer.

When prompted, ignore the warning about the required MAPI libraries.

The Administrator account which is requested during the BES installation must be the Administrator of the Active Directory and the Windows domain

When prompted for the Exchange server and the mailbox account, please use the Zarafa Server address and admin account of step 7.

When prompted, ignore the warning about the Exchange View Only Administrator privileges.

To login to the BES Administration Webservice use BES Authentication if the Active Directory is only temporarily setup for BES installation

Installation should then complete as normal and the Blackberry services will be automatically started.

참고

It is impossible to contact any exchange server from the machine after installing the ems*32.dll files.

12장. Appendix A; Pre-5.2x upgrade strategies

12.1. Database upgrades from 4.1 or 4.2

Before Zarafa can be started again, the database must be updated. There are several scripts required, depending on which version is upgraded from. Upgrade scripts are only needed when upgrading from a 5.0x version or older. The scripts are as follows:

db-convert-4.1-to-4.2

This perl script upgrades the database from 4.1 to the 4.20 format. These are changes that regard how users are stored in the database. This script is required, and should be run as follows:

Replace <dbuser> with the username used to connect to the database. Replace <dbpass> with the password of the database user. If there is no password, enter 2 '' single quotes here. Replace <dbname> with the name of the Zarafa database. This will result in something like:

perl /usr/share/doc/zarafa/db-convert-4.1-to-4.2 root '' zarafa

db-convert-4.20-to-4.21

This perl script upgrades the database from 4.20 to the 4.21 format. It will replace an indexing key to improve database speed. This script is highly recommended, and should be run as explained for the db-convert-4.1-to-4.2 script.

Depending on the size of the database and the speed of the system, this script might take a while, but it will probably complete within 10 to 30 minutes.

db-convert-4.20-to-innodb.sql

This SQL script converts the converted 4.20 database to InnoDB format. Installations that started at version 4.0 created MyISAM tables. However, the current SQL database layout is optimized for the InnoDB format. Therefore, converting the MyISAM database to InnoDB will result in a huge speed increase. Also, the InnoDB format is less error prone and has less overall table locking. It is highly recommended to convert the database to InnoDB. On the MySQL prompt, import the script:

mysql> source /usr/share/doc/zarafa/db-convert-4.20-to-innodb.sql

Depending on the size of the database and the speed of the system, this script will take a long to very long time. Reserve up to 8 hours of time for this conversion to complete for a database with several gigabytes of data. If the MySQL memory settings are optimized before this script is started, it will run much faster.

db-convert-4.2x-to-5.00

This perl script upgrades the database from 4.2x to the 5.0 format. This script calculates and adds a store column to the properties table. This makes the table sorted on the disk, increasing data throughput. Execute this script as described for the db-convert-4.1-to-4.2 script.

Depending on the size of the database and the speed of the system, this script might take a while, but it will probably complete within 10 to 30 minutes on a fast machine.

참고

It advisable to start this script with screen, so this script can continue in the background.

12.2. Upgrades from 5.0 to 5.1x and up

The Zarafa 5.10 server can upgrade the database itself. It can do this from the database version which is needed in 5.0. When upgrading from 4.x installations to 5.10 or higher, the database first needs to be upgraded with the scripts described above to the 5.0 format. Then the 5.10 server can be started which will finalize the upgrade from 5.0 to 5.10 itself.

Later versions of Zarafa can always upgrade from a 5.0 database format or newer.

12.3. Important changes since 4.x and 5.x

A configuration option in the server.cfg has been changed since 4.20. The option server_name has been renamed to server_bind. A configuration file with typing errors in the option names or non-existing options will render a service inoperable, and it will not start. All the errors found in the configuration file will be printed.

For the 5.0 version some unused options have been removed from the server configuration. SQLite support was removed, so the option internal_path was also removed. If this option is in the server.cfg file, please remove this line before starting the zarafa-server process.

Options not set in a configuration file will keep their default value. Default values can be found in the example configuration file found in /usr/share/doc/zarafa/example-config. Alternatively the specific manual page for the service can be read:

man zarafa-<service>.cfg

The Zarafa services did not daemonise in versions before 5.0. However, versions 5.0 and newer do daemonise, and run in the background. To revert this behavior, use the -F switch of a service to keep it running in the foreground.

Other configuration changes are found in the gateway. The defaults for the ssl_private_file_key and ssl_certificate_file have been changed. The default directory is now /etc/zarafa/gateway/, to distinguish it from the service ssl files.

13장. Appendix B; LDAP attribute description

This appendix will describe all available LDAP attributes available in the Zarafa schema. The Zarafa schema is available in the Active Directory integration toolkit and in the directory /usr/share/doc/zarafa.

Please keep in mind that the Zarafa LDAP configuration files are very flexible, so these attributes are not in all cases used.

zarafaQuotaOverride

This attribute is used to override the default quota, which is configured in the /etc/zarafa/server.cfg. This attribute always need to be enabled to use a custom quota setting.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.1.1

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaQuotaWarn

This attribute contains the warning quota level in Mb.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.1.2

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaQuotaSoft

This attribute contains the soft quota level in Mb.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.1.3

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaQuotaHard

This attribute contains the hard quota level in Mb.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.1.4

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaUserDefaultQuotaOverride

This attribute will override the system wide quota settings for all users of the company.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.1.5

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaUserDefaultQuotaWarn

This attribute contains the warning quota level in Mb for all users of the company.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.1.6

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaUserDefaultQuotaSoft

This attribute contains the soft quota level in Mb for all users of the company.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.1.7

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaUserDefaultQuotaHard

This attribute contains the hard quota level in Mb for all users of the company.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.1.8

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaAdmin

This attribute will make a user Zarafa administrator.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.1

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaSharedStoreOnly

This attribute will configure a mailbox as a shared store. On shared stores you will not be able to login.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.2

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaAccount

This attribute can be used in the LDAP search filters to filter users and groups.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.3

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaSendAsPrivilege

This attribute will contain users or groups that should have sendas permissions on the user where this attribute is added.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.4

Syntax

DN or DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaMrAccept

This attribute will configure auto-acception of meeting requests. This attribute is not used in the current Zarafa versions.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.5

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaMrDeclineConflict

This attribute will decline meeting requests when the calendar already contains appointments. This attribute is not used in the current Zarafa versions.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.6

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaMrDeclineRecurring

This attribute will decline meeting requests when they are set as recurrent. This attribute is not used in the current Zarafa versions.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.7

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaId

This attribute can be used as a generic unique id for example users and groups. This attribute is by default not used by Zarafa.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.8

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaResourceType

This attribute will configure the resource type of a shared store. The available options are Room or "Equipment"

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.9

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaResourceCapacity

This attribute will number the rooms or equipment available.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.10

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaHidden

This attribute will hide the object in the Global Address Book. This will also hide the object for administrator users.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.11

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaEnabledFeatures

Controls which features are explicitly enabled for a user, and overrides any disabled features in the server disabled_features setting.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.13

Syntax

String

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaDisabledFeatures

Controls which features are explicitly disabled for a user.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.2.14

Syntax

String

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaAliases

This attribute will contain all other email addresses and aliases for the user.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.3.1

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaUserServer

This attribute will be the homeserver of a user when running in multi-server mode.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.1.4.1

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaSecurityGroup

This attribute will specify whether a group has security privileges. When the attribute is set to 0, the group will be seen as distribution list.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.2.2.1

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaViewPrivilege

This attribute will contain companies with view privileges over the selected company.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.3.2.4

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaAdminPrivilege

This attribute will contain users from different companies which are administrator over selected company.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.3.2.5

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaSystemAdmin

This attribute will specify the users who are system administrators for this company.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.3.2.6

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaQuotaUserWarningRecipients

This attribute will contain users who will receive a notification email when a user exceeds his quota.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.3.1.5

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaQuotaCompanyWarningRecipients

This attribute will contain email address who will receive a notification email when a company exceeds his quota.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.3.1.6

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Multi-Valued

zarafaCompanyServer

This attribute will contain the home server of a company when running in multi-server mode.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.3.4.1

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaHttpPort

This attribute will contain the port for the http connections when running in multi-server mode.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.4.4.1

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaSslPort

This attribute will contain the port for the https connections when running in multi-server mode.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.4.4.2

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaFilePath

This attribute will contain the unix socket or the named pipe of the server when running in multi-server mode.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.4.4.3

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaContainsPublic

This attribute will enable the public store for a specific multi-server node. Make sure only one node has enabled this attribute.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.4.4.4

Syntax

Integer

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaFilter

This attribute will contain the LDAP filter to apply for an addresslist or dynamic group.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.5.5.1

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

zarafaBase

This attribute will contain the LDAP search base to apply for an addresslist or dynamic group.

OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.26278.1.5.5.2

Syntax

DirectoryString

Multi- or Single-Valued

Single-Valued

14장. Appendix C: Example LDIF

The LDIF below shows an example of LDAP configuration for a single tenant setup.