Applications & White Papers for WLAN / Wi-Fi

This application note helps to choose the right generator test solutions and explains step-by-step how to generate 802.11ax SISO and MIMO signals. Measurements, such as EVM, are presented to illustrate the signal performance. Furthermore, this document shows how to test 802.11ax receiver specifications and the newly introduced HE trigger-based PPDU specifications according to the IEEE P802.11ax/D1.3 specification draft.

This white paper provides an introduction to the technology used in the 802.11ax amendment to the 802.11 standard and an overview of receiver and transmitter test requirements. IEEE 802.11ax, also known as High Efficiency Wireless (HEW), provides mechanisms to more efficiently utilize the unlicensed spectrum bands (2.4 and 5 GHz) and improve user experience.

The amendment 802.11ad to the WLAN standard defines the MAC and PHY layers for very high throughput (VHT) in the 60 GHz range.

This application note provides a brief examination of key 802.11ad parameters, describes the required measurements and test setups and contains several important recommendations for over-the-air (OTA) measurements.

Phase stability over time is a key characteristic for phase-coherent signals. A common 1 GHz reference signal maintains high phase stability between the RF outputs of multiple R&S®SGT100A SGMA vector RF sources.

Due to its outstanding performance the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator is ideal for testing MIMO receivers in a vast variety of applications offering maximum usability at minimum form factor. It can generate up to eight antenna signals simultaneously in its digital baseband – all standard-compliant and with antenna-specific coding. In addition, it can simulate the complete MIMO transmission channel with up to 32 fading channels, sufficient to emulate higher-order MIMO configurations such as 3x3, 4x4, and 8x4.

This application note explains how to use the SMW for testing higher order MIMO systems by presenting different key applications.

This document describes WLAN tests which rely on communication (signaling) between R&S®CMW and device under test (DUT) and on transmission of packet data over WLAN. On the R&S®CMW side the WLAN Signaling application is required, for some tests also the Data Application Unit (DAU).

The test principles and the necessary settings are explained and background infor-mation is given. Step-by-step procedures are provided for the main configuration tasks.

For establishing a WLAN connection between R&S®CMW and device under test (DUT), the WLAN properties at the R&S®CMW have to be adapted to the test conditions. These can vary in several aspects, particularly due to the different WLAN standards and characteristics of the DUT. This document describes the critical parameters and provides step-by-step procedures for the configuration.

Generation of wideband digital modulated signals in V-band and above is a challenging task and typically requires a set of multiple instruments. This application note aims at simplifying the task and looks into the analysis part as well. Latest signal and spectrum analyzers like the R&S®FSW67 are first to allow use in V-band up to 67 GHz without external frequency conversion. Up to 2 GHz of modulation bandwidth can be covered using the option R&S®FSW-B2000.

Former application note 1MA217 describes V-band signal generation and analysis up to 500 MHz modulation bandwidth. This application note expands modulation bandwidth to 2 GHz but also an alternative setup is used to cover the necessary bandwidth and to obtain enhanced purity in signal generation.

Data rates in the range of several Gigabit/s are needed to transmit signals like uncompressed video signals. Amendment 802.11ad to the WLAN standard defines the MAC and PHY layers for very high throughput (VHT) in the 60 GHz range.

This white paper provides an introduction to the technology behind 802.11ad and highlights the test and measurement requirements.

For several years, automobile makers and government agencies have sought ways to improve safety on roadways and effectively manage traffic flow. As wireless communication systems are advancing, the vision of automobiles talking to each other and to roadside units is becoming a reality. These planned automotive wireless communication systems are known as ITS (Intelligent Transportation System). This paper will provide an overview of the current status of the ITS worldwide with a focus on the IEEE 802.11p PHY. Additionally, the paper provides information on test and measurement solutions for devices and components used in ITS.

This application note discusses WLAN standard IEEE 802.11n. It first describes the most important amendments to previous releases and the ambitious new measurement tasks. Then, it describes how to deal with these tasks using Rohde & Schwarz instruments. The main focus here is on transmission over several TX and RX antennas (MIMO). Building multistandard signals using Rohde & Schwarz generators is also described. Screenshots from the analyzer taken on 802.11n signals complete the document.

This whitepaper provides an overview of the WLAN offload in LTE as standardized by 3GPP, as well as the enhancements for Wi-Fi standardized by IEEE and the Wi-Fi Alliance. It also describes access methods in the joint network, treats the security, and describes IP mobility. In addition network discovery and selection are explained.

This white paper provides a brief technology introduction on the 802.11ac amendment to the successful 802.11-2007 standard. 802.11ac provides mechanisms to increase throughput and user experience of existing WLAN and will build on 802.11n-2009.

Modern radio communication systems have to provide higher and higher data rates. As conventional methods like using more bandwidth or higher order modulation types are limited, new methods of using the transmission channel have to be used. Multiple antenna systems (Multiple Input, Multiple Output – MIMO) gives a significant enhancement to data rate and channel capacity. This application note gives an introduction to basic MIMO concepts and terminology and explains how MIMO is implemented in different radio communications standards.

The Application Note summarises all measurements for WLAN test, according to the IEEE Standards 802.11a, b and g. For each measurement, an instrument list, test setups, test method, comments, typical results and implementation hints are included. The enclosed free of charge software provides all IEEE 488 bus sequences ready to run or copy into your own test environment.

In response to the growing number of WLAN modules that also support a cellular network (converged devices), CTIA published a plan with new tests in August 2006 that certifies Wi-Fi conformance. This Application Note first addresses the transmitter tests of the CTIA plan. For these tests Rohde&Schwarz offers preprogrammed instrument setups. They enable you to perform the measurements on the WLAN test set easily and quickly. Moreover, this Application Note shows how you can check the spectrum transmit mask defined for OFDM by means of only one keystroke on the Rohde&Schwarz spectrum analyzers.

When measuring the performance of 802.11 wireless LAN compatible receivers, Packet Error Rate (PER) tests are the method of choice today. This application note describes a simple way to conduct PER tests using signal generators on any 802.11 device, independent of their physical layer design (11b, 11a or 11g). The application software works with standard Windows™ drivers on any card independent of manufacturer. No additional hardware specific software is needed. Easy setup of the source signal is included with direct upload to an SMIQ or AMIQ.

With Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) already entering the mass markets, generating signals to WLAN standards will become increasingly important. Signal sources are needed in R&D (or production) to test RF modules, to evaluate basic receiver functionality or when new designs are being evolved. This Application Note focuses on the most commonly used standard IEEE 802.11b. Topics covered include technical aspects of the physical layers as well as details on configuring available signal sources.

The SMIQB60 option is an internal two channel arbitrary waveform generator based on the modulation coder SMIQB20. SMIQB60 uses an innovative interpolation filter technique to increase memory capacity. Waveforms can be calculated and transmitted with the external PC-Software WinIQSIM™ and stored in the non volatile memory of SMIQ. Stored waveforms can be recalled by SMIQ without using WinIQSIM™. The cal_iqskew software can calibrate the SMIQB60 outputs for an improved dynamic range. Please read section 6 of the Application Note for more information before you use the software.

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Issue 213/2015 has its focus on the Invasion of radars in automotive engineering.

Until recently, radar systems were a niche technology for the military, meteorology and air and sea navigation. Now they have conquered the wide-base market as indispensable components of automotive engineering.