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Ninjas vs Superbugs

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria - or, superbugs - are a growing threat.
And MRSA is one of the worst. Learn more about Ninja Polymers in the
infographic below, and share individual story sections by clicking on
the embed icon in the upper right-hand corner of each module.

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Ninjas vs Superbugs

Adventures in Nanomedicine

When Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928,
antibiotics were seen as a wonder drug. But as early
as 1947 - just four years after the use of penicillin
became common - we began to see bacteria developing a
resistance to antibiotics.

Rise of the Superbug
As a result of our increased use of antibacterials and
antibiotics, strains of bacteria have evolved. And gotten
stronger. Today, we call them superbugs - bacteria that
are resistant to common antibiotics and are very hard
to treat.
Superbugs, including CRE bacteria, Clostridium difficile
and MRSA, are now one of the biggest health concerns of
the 21st century. At least two million Americans suffer
infections from antibiotic-resistant bacteria every year,
and 23,000 die.

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MRSA: A Superbug Super Villain
This is MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus, a pervasive superbug that causes infections ranging
from mild skin infections to serious infections in the blood,
lungs and other parts of the body.
MRSA lurks in hospitals, subway cars, gyms - almost everywhere.
And it spreads easily - by touching someone or something. Once
the infection takes hold, MRSA can spread to almost any part
of the body in less than 72 hours.
MRSA is strong - resistant to nearly all antibiotics, including
penicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin and methicillin. It causes
more deaths in the U.S. each year than HIV, pneumococcal,
meningococcal and flu deaths combined.

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Introducing the Ninja Polymer: MRSA's Worst Enemy
With the threat of superbugs looming, IBM is developing a better
way to fight them - the Ninja Polymer. Made in the lab, these
nanoscaled polymers target and kill bacteria in an entirely
different way than antibiotics.
Unlike our current antibiotics, Ninjas attack MRSA physically,
instead of chemically. This makes it much harder for MRSA to
develop a resistance.
Ninja Polymers are nontoxic and biodegradable. Which means they
can be naturally eliminated from the body without causing harmful
side effects.

How Ninja Polymers Attack MRSA
IBM scientists designed Ninjas to have a negative charge, which
is drawn like a magnet to the positively charged surface of MRSA.
Once attracted to the bacteria, Ninjas pierce the cell's wall and
rip through its outer membrane. The cell is destroyed, and its
contents spill out harmlessly.
After killing the bad bacteria, Ninja Polymers safely biodegrade
and disappear without harming any healthy cells, earning the polymers
their "Ninja" nickname.

From Semiconductors to Superbug Killers
How exactly did a technology company like IBM end up in nanomedicine?
While exploring new ways to etch silicon wafers used in semiconductors,
IBM researchers identified a new kind of polymer that produces an
electrostatic charge when chained together.
IBM researchers realized if they could manipulate materials at the
atomic level to control their movement and the electrostatic charge
in a silicon wafer, they could translate those results to nanomedicine.
Ninja Polymers were born when IBM scientists partnered with the
Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology in Singapore to
explore ways to use these charged polymer structures in the ongoing
fight against MRSA.

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The Future of Ninja Polymers
Ninja Polymers are still in the lab, but IBM's goal is to see them in
drug delivery systems to fight not only MRSA and other superbugs, but
also other harmful cells like cancer.
The Ninja Polymers could also be used in everything from gels to special
coatings to antibacterial wipes. One day, hospital equipment - from
doorknobs to catheters to operating tables - could be coated with
antibacterial polymers.
In the future, Ninjas could be added to hygiene products like deodorant or
toothpaste - a safer replacement for the antibacterial agents currently
in these products.

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