Nationality - distinguish meanings

Translating personal documents, there is some problem, how to distinguish main meanings of word nationality in English. In Countries I'm familiar to, in documents are distinguished:

1. meaning: Nationality as citizenship (person is citizen of certain country(state) without regard what is his nationality (nationhood)
2. meaning: Nationality as nationhood (person is member of certain nation without regard what language he can speak (most often the same as language of that nation, but not always) and without regard what is his citizenship.)
3. Who is the person regarding to what language is his mothertongue.

I have a related problem - the more so as I come from a nation which does not have full statehood, but is part of a nation state of, inter alia, the EU and the UN. I refer of course to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which some unfortunates mistake for England (or the equivalent in their native tongue). But let us not talk politics on a language and linguistics site.

I just want to draw your attention to these differences in my language, with apologies for translations only in English (I can do the same in French):

Note then that the two adjectival forms are distinguished by us but not by the English. Llyfr Cymraeg is by definition 'a book in the Welsh language' but llyfr Cymreig can be any book in any language which touches on Wales or the Welsh.

In Portuguese, we don't normally distinguish between 1) and 2). We tend to identify one's nation with one's state. Some people occasionally do speak of "nationalities" in sense 2), but it's typically when they're talking about foreign countries, and frankly that tends comes off as a little pedantic.

In government forms and such what you will find is the question "What is your nationality?", meaning your state/country, not your "nation". Like in English, as a matter of fact. Indeed, we normally use the word for "nation" as a synonym of both "state" and "country", unless we're talking about a country like the U.S., which is subdivided into "states".

A similar notion to 2), which I prefer, and is more commonly used, is 2*) ethnicity.

*The word cidadania (a literal translation of "citizenship") also exists, but it refers more to the rights, duties, and engagement of a citizen in a democracy. You do, nevertheless, say cidadania portuguesa (Portuguese citizenship) and cidadania europeia (European citizenship).

None of the above have official status within the UK. We are (British) subjects of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, yet laws and passports tell us we are (British) citizens. Following the passing of the Maastricht Treaty we are also European citizens of the EU.

I have a related problem - the more so as I come from a nation which does not have full statehood, but is part of a nation state of, inter alia, the EU and the UN. I refer of course to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which some unfortunates mistake for England (or the equivalent in their native tongue). But let us not talk politics on a language and linguistics site.

I just want to draw your attention to these differences in my language, with apologies for translations only in English (I can do the same in French):

Note then that the two adjectival forms are distinguished by us but not by the English. Llyfr Cymraeg is by definition 'a book in the Welsh language' but llyfr Cymreig can be any book in any language which touches on Wales or the Welsh.

Thanks for answer, but ther is a little misunderstanding: the most important terms in Your respective languages are those I after edition marked bold and red colour, it is names of [entities] nationality: this word itself e.g. may be omited: [E.g. občan České Republiky this may be omited (or not)]. Excuse me, that I didn't ask clearly the problem .

1. جنسيّة - jinsiyya, the nationality in terms of citizenship; you would say "he has a British jinsiyya" to mean that he holds British civil papers of identity (passport, nationality...etc.) regardless of his actually being British. The word is derived from جنس - jins (type/class/genus).

2. قوميّة - qawmiyya, the nationality in terms of your ethnicity, the peoples you belong to in the vast term. As an example, Arab Nationalism is called القومية العربية - al-qawmiyya al-'arabiyya. The word is derived from قوم - qawm (people).

3. وطنيةّ - wataniyya, the nationality in terms of your place/country/region of birth; to explain the difference between the two you would say that X as an example is Syrian in terms of wataniyya and Arab in terms of qawmiyya. The word is derived from وطن - wattan (home in terms of land or country).

4. The mother toung is اللغة الأم - al-lugha al-umm (lit. the mother language) and refers only to language.

Thanks for answers. Yes, this theme is somewhat pedantic and most people doesn't pay attention in such details, neither tend I (in some situations).
But in case, when is needed to distinguish those terms, how to explain them in that respective language? (Most curious am I in bold written (1. and 3.) terms).

One thing you're asking about, if I well understand, is whether there is a specific term for, say, Portuguese-speakers. Well, there are a few, but they are not used very much in everyday talk. They're more technical terms used by philologists, or linguists, and so on.

Examples:

1. República Portuguesa
2. Açores, Algarve, Madeira, etc.; açoriano, algarvio, madeirense, etc.
3. Etnia cigana, etnia chinesa, etc.
4. Lusófono. This is very formal; in alternative, you will more often use an adjective phrase, such as de expressão portuguesa (literally "of Portuguese expression"). But these are the kinds of qualifiers that you may read in the media or in formal contexts, but the man on the street will seldom use.

Another issue might be whether there is a separate term for "Portuguese" as an ethnicity. There is not. It's all português. There is, however, the term lusodescendentes, for the descendants of Portuguese immigrants to other countries.

One thing you're asking about, if I well understand, is whether there is a specific term for, say, Portuguese-speakers. Well, there are a few, but they are not used very much in everyday talk. They're more technical terms used by philologists, or linguists, and so on.

Examples:

1. República Portuguesa
2. Açores, Algarve, Madeira, etc.; açoriano, algarvio, madeirense, etc.
3. Etnia cigana, etnia chinesa, etc.
4. Lusófono. This is very formal; in alternative, you will more often use an adjective phrase, such as de expressão portuguesa (literally "of Portuguese expression"). But these are the kinds of qualifiers that you may read in the media or in formal contexts, but the man on the street will seldom use.

Another issue might be whether there is a separate term for "Portuguese" as an ethnicity. There is not. It's all português. There is, however, the term lusodescendentes, for the descendants of Portuguese immigrants to other countries.

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Nice! These are answers. Well now, how do You ask questions to get these answers? E.g. what is Your [1. ] citizenship? Ask in Portuguese. Answers to these questions are not the very theme of my post.
I beg Your pardon that I can't explain it clearly. Sorry.

1. Citizenship is citoyenneté. A citizen of the world = un citoyen (fem. une citoyenne) du monde. A European citizen = un citoyen européen, etc.
However what appears in one's ID, passport... is "nationalité française", meaning in fact that you are a French citizen (cf. Outsider's answer about Portugal).
1b. For an acquired nationality / citizenship, the word origin is used: "un Français d'origine portugaise".

2. Nationality is nationalité.
France does not distinguish between 1 and 2 in official documents.
Maybe some Belgians would like to declare themselves as "citoyens belges de nationalité flamande / de nationalité wallonne", but, ahem... I just wanted to take an example, not to bring a slippery topic !

3. A French speaker is a francophone, regardless of his / her nationality or citizenship. "Senghor, écrivain francophone". But this word often refers to French speakers outside France. "D'expression française", "de langue française" should cover everybody.

In government forms and such what you will find is the question "What is your nationality?", meaning your state/country, not your "nation". Like in English, as a matter of fact.

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I wish to withdraw the side remark about English fom my previous post. I was not aware of it at the time, but in English "nation" can indeed refer to ethnicity as opposed to statehood/nationality in some contexts, for instance when referring to Native Americans.

Former Czechoslovakia was a multi-ethnic state. The official documents (like birth or school certificates, ID cards, etc.) strictly distinguished "státní příslušnost" (= citizenship, affiliation with a state, Staatsbürgerschaft) and "národnost" (= lit. nationality in sense of 'ethnicity', affiliation with a nation/ethnicum, Nationalität/Völkerschaft). Both "státní příslušnost" and "národnost" items were obligatory in the official personal documents.

In my birth and school certificates I have:

Státní příslušnost: československá (Czechoslovak, i.e. I was a citizen of the now non-existent Czechoslovak state)Národnost: česká (Czech, i.e. I was, am and always shall be a member of the historic Czech nation)

There was no Czechoslovak nationality-ethnicity (národnost), even the children from mixed Czech-Slovak marriages were either Czechs or Slovaks, never ethnic Czechoslovaks. The citizens of Czechoslovakia were mostly ethnic Czechs, Slovaks, Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Gypsies (officially národnost cikánská), Rusyns (Ruthenians, národnost rusínská), Ukrainians, Romanians, Greeks and others.

Národnost (nationality-ethnicity) was hereditary (automatically according to the father, or according to mother when the father was unknown) and could not be changed (it was like a hereditary desease ). Once a Mongol, always a Mongol.

After 1989 the "národnost" item was discarded from the official documents. It is still present in the census form.

From the point of view of the American legal system nationality equals citizenship, in all American documents. There is nothing like American citizen of German nationality, or Cherokee, or Spanish-speaking American citizen. I think this would all be considered discriminatory.

There was something like that in the old Soviet passports: citizen of the Soviet Union -- Lithuanian nationality, or Jewish even, although Jewish is more of a religion. Even now, in Russia, they still put nationality on Birth Certificates if the mother wants that -- only at the request of the mother, though. I don't think there was anything like that in Poland ever -- Polish citizen of Silesian, German, or Russian nationality. If someone really insisted on another nationality being assigned to them -- they simply had to leave the country.

We never got a complete answer from Sionees five years ago regarding Welsh, so I'll try to provide one.

cenedligrwydd means "nationality" in the sense of ethnicity, or the nation one identifies with. It's based on cenedl ("nation" or "race") + the adjective suffix -ig + the suffix -rwydd which forms nouns from adjectives. I'm pretty sure that this word doesn't have the legal implications that Eng. nationality sometimes does.

The legal sense of "nationality" is covered by dinasyddiaeth "citizenship", which is composed of dinasydd "citizen" + the suffix -(i)aeth (which forms nouns from adjectives and other nouns). dinasydd is itself formed somewhat like citizen and cognate terms: dinas "city" + the noun-forming suffix -ydd.

For one's native language, you can use the term mamiaith (< mam "mother" + iaith "language") or the phrase iaith frodorol ("native language").