inherently biological states of deficiency (cellular or bodily) that compel drives

Term

drives

Definition

the perceived states of tension that occur when our bodies are deficient in some need, creating an urge to relieve the tension

Term

incentive

Definition

any external object or event that motivates behavior

Term

homeostasis

Definition

the process by which all organisms work to maintain physiological equilibrium or balance around an optimal set point

Term

set point

Definition

the ideal fixed setting of a particular physiological system, such as internal body temperature

Term

Yerkes-Dodson law

Definition

the principle that moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance

Term

self-actualization

Definition

the inherent drive to realize one's full potential

Term

glucose

Definition

a simple sugar that provides energy for cells throughout the body, including the brain

Term

sexual behavior

Definition

actions that produce arousal and increase the likelihood of orgasm

Term

sexual orientation

Definition

the disposition to be attracted to either the opposite sex (heterosexual), the same sex (homosexual), or both sexes (bisexual)

Term

achievement motivation

Definition

a desire to do things well and overcome obstacles

Term

extrinsic motivation

Definition

motivation that comes from outside the person and usually involves rewards and praises

Term

intrinsic motivation

Definition

motivation that comes from within a person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy

Term

perceived organization support

Definition

employee's beliefs about how much the organization appreciates and supports their contributions and well-being

Term

emotions

Definition

brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation

Term

moods

Definition

affective states that operate in the background of consciousness and tend to last longer than most emotions

Term

affective traits

Definition

stable predispositions toward certain types of emotional responses

Term

basic emotions

Definition

set of emotions that are common to all humans includes anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise

Term

self-conscious emotions

Definition

types of emotion that require a sense of self and the ability to reflect on actions; they occur as a function of meeting expectations (or not)and abiding (or not) by society's rules

Term

broaden-and-build model

Definition

Fredickson's model for positive emotions, which posits that they widen our cognitive perspective and help us acquire useful life skills

Term

antecedent event

Definition

a situation may lead to an emotional response

Term

appraisal

Definition

the evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to one's own welfare; drives the process by which emotions are elicited

Term

emotion regulation

Definition

the cognitive and behavioral efforts people make to modify their emotions

Term

reappraisal

Definition

an emotion regulation strategy in which one reevaluates an event so that a different emotion results

Term

expressive suppression

Definition

a response-focused strategy for regulating emotion that involves the deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward manifestation of an emotion

Term

emotional response

Definition

the physiological, behavioral/expressiveness, and subjective changes that occur when emotions are generated

Term

facial action coding system (FACS)

Definition

a widely used method for measuring all observable muscular movements that are possible in the human face

Term

Duchenne smile

Definition

a smile that expresses true enjoyment involving both the muscles that up the lip corners diagonally and those that contract the band or muscles encircling the eye

Term

universal

Definition

term referring to something that is common to all human beings and can be seen in cultures all over the world

Term

subjective experience of emotion

Definition

the changes in the quality of our conscious experience that occur during emotional responses

Term

James-Lange theory of emotion

Definition

the idea that it is the perception of the physiological changes that accompany emotion the produces the subjective emotional experience

Term

Neurocultural theory of emotion

Definition

Ekman's explanation that some aspects of emotion sucha as facial expressions and physiological changes associated with emotion, are universal and others, such as emotion regulation, are culturally derived

Term

display rules

Definition

learned norms or rules, often taught very early, about when it is appropriate to express certain emotions and to whom one should show them

Term

emotional intelligence

Definition

the ability to recognize emotions in oneself and others, empathetic understanding, and skills for regulating emotions in oneself and others

Term

life satisfaction

Definition

the overall evaluation we make of our lives and an aspect of subjective well-being

Term

subjective well-being

Definition

state that consists of life satisfaction, domain satisfactions, and positive and negative affect