New prophylactic HIV vaccine shows promise

An estimated 37 million people live with HIV AIDS according to the World Health

Ben Pena
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10 July, 2018, 04:56

With 1.8 million new cases of human immunodeficiency virus every year, according to United Nations estimates, and nearly 37 million people living with HIV worldwide, the quest for a vaccine has been urgent - and extremely hard. In a parallel study in rhesus monkeys infected with a HIV-like virus called SHIV, the mosaic vaccine offered 67 percent protection. They recruited 393 HIV-uninfected adults age 18 to 50 from the United States, east Africa, South Africa, and Thailand between February 2015 and October 2015. This is one of only five experimental HIV-1 vaccine concepts that have progressed to efficacy trials in humans in the 35 years of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. The findings showed the vaccines induced robust and comparable immune responses in humans and monkeys and protected monkeys against acquisition of infection.

But it's important to realise that this study was only created to test whether the vaccine was safe and if it worked at the most basic level, looking at the immune response only. According to the study authors, the vaccine produced "robust (high levels of) immune responses" in the participants.

BBC News reported on the study Saturday, noting that there are now over 37 million people living with HIV/AIDS around the globe, and the number increases by 1.8 million every year. Two thirds of the tested monkeys' immune systems resisted the incoming infection proving the vaccine successful in them.

Decades, scientists around the world tirelessly searched, tried, created, was disappointed, tried again and again to find a way to overcome the most bad virus the XXI century - the human immunodeficiency virus.

These combine pieces of different HIV virus types to elicit an immune response - when the body attacks intruder germs - against virus strains from different regions of the world.

"These results represent an important milestone", coauthor Dan Barouch says in a statement. "Obviously, the search for an HIV vaccine is very elusive", said Dr. Carlos del Rio, who was not involved with the study but has done similar research as the co-principal investigator of the Emory-CDC HIV Clinical Trials Unit. Despite all the advances we have had with HIV, we need a vaccine.

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Dr Brady added that in the meantime there were already tools that were effective for preventing the disease from spreading, such as contraception and treatments for HIV-positive people that prevent them from passing on the virus.

This study was funded by Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, US National Institutes of Health, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, US Department of Defense, and International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. In early human trials the vaccine has been found to be safe in humans.

HIV mainly is a virus which is causing a deadly disease known as AIDS, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. "Only a clinical efficacy trial can determine if it can protect humans".

More than 80% of people who received this version also showed positive signs for 2 other measures of immune response. The potential development of this HIVvaccine, which is entirely safe for humans, is quite promising, and the next phase would be to test it on 2,600 women in southern Africa.

During the initial stages of the drug testing, the researchers have found that the drug can trigger an immune response when administered to humans.

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