NOTE. This
and the following pages arenumbered in
the same series with the Explanations, &c. of the first and second volumes.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XXXIX.

_________

FIGURES 1, 2.

Represent a line of eight battalions ploying
themselves into close column by division, on the first of the fifth battalion,
right in front.

(No. 1785, and following, and No. 1801,
and following.)

The fifth and fourth battalions have ployed themselves, from
a halt, on the directing division—the fifth in its rear, and the fourth in its
front.

The three right battalions have each ployed itself, from a
halt, in front of its fourth (or last) division. This division faced to the
left with the others, and the moment that the left guide of the first arrived
abreast with the other guides the battalion put itself in march in order to
take its place in column in front of’ the di­recting battalion.

The lieutenant colonel, placed by the side of the fourth
division, has directed it diagonally towards the point (A,) when at sixteen
paces from the column, op­posite to which point the battalion entered.

The other divisions have conformed themselves to the movement
of the fourth, and have marched abreast with it, preserving the distance of six
(or five) paces between their guides.

The fourth, and the other divisions successively, each on
arriving opposite to the point (A,) has so directed itself as to enter the
column parallelly with the divi­sions already established.

Each
chief has halted his division on the arrival of Its guide opposite to the
guides of the column; at halt­ing, each guide, facing to the rear, has placed
himself on the direction of the guides already established, and, on the
formation of the whole battalion, the colonel has caused the guides to face
about.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Each of the three left battalions has ployed itself from a
halt in rear of its first division according to the same principles, and then
marched diagonally towards its point of entrance into the column, in rear of
the directing battalion.

Figure 1 represents the commencement of the movement; the
fifth, fourth, third and sixth battalions, have already taken their positions
in the column; the second and seventh are entering, and the first and eighth
are in march towards their places.

Figure 2 represents the movement ended.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XL.

___________

FIGURES 1, 2.

Represent a column of eight battalions, closed
in mass, by division, right in front, executing a changeof direction to the right, by the
front of divisions.

(No. 1879, and following.)

The column having arrived at the point A.,where the
movement ought to commence, has taken the guide to the right.

The leading guide, as he successively arrived at the points
A, K, E, H, B, has marched directly on
the points D, F,G, M, C; each of the other guides has follow­ed exactly the
trace of the one immediately preced­ing, and has changed the direction of his
shoulders at the same points. The divisions have conformed them-. selves by
degrees to the movements of their respective guides.

Figure 1 represents the movement commenced; the seventh and
eighth battalions are yet on the old direction.

Figure 2 represents the movement towards its close; the first
three battalions are already on the final direction B C; the divisions of the
first march in a square with that direction.

FIGURE 3.

Represents a column of six battalions closed in mass
by division, which changes direction to the right, by the front of divisions,
after extending distances between battalions to forty paces.

(No. 1870, and following.)

The column has bean halted a few paces short of the point at
which the change of direction ought to commence.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

The leading battalion has put itself in march, taking the
guide to the left, and has changed direction to the right, by the front of
divisions, in the manner indicated School of the Battalion.

Each of the other colonels has, in succession, put his
battalion in march the moment it had its distance of forty paces from the
battalion immediately preceding; he has then caused it to change direction as
just pre­scribed.

The first battalion having marched in the new direc­tion, a distance
equal to the depth of the whole column closed in mass, has been halted; the
second begins to close on it.

The third and fourth battalions are in the act of executing
the change; the fifth and sixth have not yet arrived atthe wheeling
point.

A represents the column halted before the commencement of the
movement.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLL.

__________

FIGURE1.

Represents a column of six battalions, by company, at
full distance, right in front, arriving behind the right of the line of battle,
and forming itself upon it, for­ward, into line of battle.

(No. 1972 and following, and No. 1983 and following.)

The general-in-chief has determined the direction of the line
of battle, and halted the column at company distance from that line.

The lieutenant colonel of the leading battalion has placed on
the line two markers (h d)—the first at the point of appui for
the right, the second at company distance from the first

The general (k), placed some paces from the right of
the line, has sent two mounted officers (m n) to post themselves at the
respective points of appui for the right of the second and third
battalions. These offi­cers have been successively aligned by the general on
the markers placed before the head of the column, and, as soon as correctly
established, the general caused the movement to commence.

The first battalion has, from the halt, formed itself forward,
into line of battle.

Each of the other battalions, taking the guide to the right,
has broken from the column by a wheel to the left, and bas then directed itself
towards the point (g), opposite to its point of appui (h), but in
rear of the latter by at least the depth of the battalion-column.

The head of the second battalion having arrived at (g),
its leading company and the others, in succession, have turned to the right in
order to approach the line ofbattle perpendicularly; the leading guide
has di­rected himself on the mounted officer posted at the point of appui
for the right of the battalion.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

At a hundred and forty paces from the line, the lieutenant
colonel detached himself for the purpose of replacing the mounted officer (m),
when the latter set off at a gallop, to post himself in rear of (n) at
the point of appui for the right of the fourth battalion. The lieutenant
colonel has immediately placed two markers on the line for his leading company.

The head of the second battalion being at company distance
from the markers, its colonel has halted and formed it forward, into line of
battle.

Each following battalion has executed its movement in like
manner.

Two representations of this line of battle are in the figure,
in order to show how the general places himself for establishing the mounted
officers (m n) on that line.

The first three battalions are formed on the line; their
guides have been ordered in; but their colours remain in front

The fourth battalion is finishing its movement. The fifth has
commenced its change of direction for the purpose of approaching the line of
battle perpendicularly; its lieutenant colonel, when at one hundred and forty
paces, detached himself in order to replace the officer (n) where the
right of the battalion will rest; he then established the two markers for the
headmost company. The moment the lieutenant colonel left the head of the
column, he was replaced by the major.

The sixth battalion yet marches diagonally.

FIGURE 2

Represents a column of six battalions, by company,
atfull distance, right in front, arriving before the right of the line,
and forming itself upon it, faced to the rear, into line of battle

(No. 1990 and following.)

The direction of the line of battle having been traced, and
the column halted at company-distance from

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

that
line; the first battalion has, from a halt, formed it­self faced to the rear,
into line of battle; each of the ether battalions, taking the guide to the
left, has broken by a wheel to the right, in order to direct itself towards the
point where it ought to turn to the left, for the purpose of approaching the
line perpendicularly be­fore forming itself faced to the rear, into line of
battle.

The second battalion is already formed; the third is ready
for forming, having been halted at company-dis­tance from the line; the fourth
has commenced its change of direction; Its lieutenant colonel has thrown
himself on the line, and the mounted officer (m) is galloping towards
the point of appui for the right of the fifth battalion. The lieutenant
colonel of the fourth, has placed two markers before the position to be oc­cupied
his leading company

The fifth and sixth battalions are in march.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLII.

___________

FIGURE 1.

Represents a column of six battalions, by
company, at full
distance, right in front, arriving behind the centre of the line of battle, and
forming itself upon it, to the left, and forward, into line of battle.

(No. 2001 and following.)

The column has been halted at the moment that the fourth · company, fourth battalion, had entered on
the new direction.

The first three battalions and the four right companies of
the fourth, have formed to the left, into line of battle; the four left
companies of the fourth, and the fifth and sixth battalions, have formed forward,
into line of battle; the four left companies of the fourth and the fifth
battalion have executed their movement, from a halt, on the fifth company (from
the right) of the fourth battalion which has marched straight up to the line of
battle.

The sixth battalion has broken by a wheel to the left, and
has marched diagonally towards the point at which it has changed direction in
order to approach the line of battle perpendicularly.

The line of battle is twice represented, in order to exhibit
the march of the general guides on this line, and that of the column four paces
within these guides

FIGURE 2.

Represents a column of six battalions, by company,
at full distance, right in front, arriving before the centre of the line of
battle, and forming itself upon it to the left, and faced to the rear, into
line of battle.

(No. 2007 and following.)

This movement is the same as the last, except that the
companies and the battalions which, at halting the column, had not entered on
the new direction, form themselves facedto the rear, into line of
battle.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLIII.

_____________

FIGURE 1.

Represents a column of five battalions, by company,
at full distance, right in front, forming itself faced to the front, into tine
of battle, on the headmost company, third battalion.

(No. 2018, and following.)

The column being halted, the general has establish­ed two
markers—one before the right, and the other before the left file of the
headmost company, third bat­talion, and has ordered the colonel of the second
to place two others, on the same alignment, at company distance apart, and so
as to leave an interval of twenty two p aces between the third and second
battalions.

The third battalion, and those in its rear, have formed
themselves forward, into line of battle, on the head company of the
third.

The first two battalions have executed a countermarch and
have formed themselves faced to the rear, into line of battle, on the
last company, second battalion. The third and second have already established
them­selves on the line; the fourth and first have each nearly finished its
movement; the fifth has commenced a change of direction in order to march
perpendicularly up to the line of battle.

FIGURE 2.

Represents a column of five battalions by company,
right in front, forming itself faced to the rear, into line of battle, on the
headmost company, third battalion.

(No. 2022, and following.)

The general has established two markers before the headmost company, third
battalion, and has ordered the colonel of the second to place two others, on
the same

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

alignment,
leaving between the battalions the interval of twenty-two paces.

The third battalion, and those in its rear, have form­ed
faced to the rear, into line of battle, on the headmost company of the
third.

The first two battalions have executed a counter­march, and
have formed forward, into line of battle, on the last company, second
battalion.

The third and second battalions have each
finished its movement; the fourth and first have each nearly finished its, and
the fifth is yet in march.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLIV.

_____________

Represents a column of eight battalions closed in mass,
,by division, right in front, deploying itself by battalion in mass, on the
fifth battalion.

FIGURES 1, 2.

(No. 2037, and following.)

The column having been halted three paces
within the line of battle, the general has caused to be placed two markers
before the headmost division, the first op­posite to its right, and the second,
opposite to its left file, and he has despatched two mounted officers (m n) to
place themselves on the alignment of those markers a little beyond the
respective points to which the right and left of the line will extend.

The first four battalions have faced to the right, the last
three to the left. These battalions have all put them­selves in march for the
purpose of deploying; the first di­vision, first battalion, conducted by the
lieutenant colo­nel, has so directed itself as to pass three paces within the
line marked by the officer (m) The other divisions have regulated
themselves on the first, have marched abreast with it, preserving the distance
of six (or five) paces between their guides, and nine paces from the last guide
of one battalion, to the first guide of the next.

The battalions which deploy by the left flank have regulated
themselves on the sixth; the first division of this battalion, conducted by the
lieutenant colonel, has directed itself parallelly to the line of battle.

The fifth battalion, has, as soon as unmasked put itself in
march, taking the guide to the left, in order to march up to the line of
battle; it has been halted three paces within this line, and aligned by the
left against the markers which had been placed before the head­most division.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

The chief of the first division, fifth battalion, after
having aligned it, has placed himself on the right of its front rank, and the
right guide has stepped back into the rear rank.

The colonel of the fourth battalion has, himself halt­ed, at
twenty two paces from the right flank of co­lumn, to see his battalion file
past; the left guides having passed him, he immediately halted the battalion,
caused it to face to the front, and, as soon as unmasked, he marched it
forward, halted it, three paces within the line of battle, and aligned it by
the left against the markers previously placed by the lieutenant colonel.

The other battalions, which deploy by the right, have been
conducted to their positions in like manner; the colonel of each has himself;
halted at twenty-two paces from the right flank of the battalion which finds
itself to his left.

The colonel of the sixth has, himself; halted twenty-two
paces from the left flank of the column, to see his battalion file past; the
right guides having passed him, he immediately caused the battalion to face to
the right, in marching, in order to conduct it towards the line of battle, has
halted it three paces within this line, and aligned it by the right against the
markers previously placed by its lieutenant colonel.

The other battalions, which deploy by the left, have been
conducted to their positions in like manner; the colonel of each has, himself;
halted at twenty-two paces from the left flank of the battalion which is next
to the right of his own.

FIGURE 1, represents the movement
commenced; the fifth and fourth battalions are already on the line the sixth
and third have been halted three paces within, and are ready to be dressed up
on it; the second battalion waits to he unmasked by the first, which yet
marches by the flank in order to approach the line; the seventh and eighth
battalions are marching forward for that purpose.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Figure 2 represents the movement ended.

FIGURES 3, 4.

Represent a column of eight battalions, closed in
mass, by division, right in front, deploying itself on the sixth bat­talion, by
establishing the line of battle on this batta­lion.

(No. 2069, and following.)

The genera1 has placed two markers before the head­most
division of the sixth battalion, and has ordered two mounted officers to throw
themselves on the align­ment of those markers a little beyond the respective
points to which the right and left of the line will extend.

The colonel of the sixth battalion has aligned it by the left
against the two markers. The first five batta­lions, which are in front of the
line of battle, have faced by the rear rank, and then to the left; the last
division, fifth battalion, has directed itself parallelly to the line of
battle; the other divisions have regulated themselves on that, and have marched
abreast with it.

The colonel of the fifth has, himself; halted at twen­ty-two
paces from the right flank of the column, to see his battalion file past; the
left guides having passed him, he has immediately caused his battalion to face
to the right, in marching, has directed it across the line of battle, and when
the front rank, first division, was three paces beyond, he halted and faced his
battalion by the front rank and aligned it by the left.

The other battalions, which deploy to the right, have been
conducted in like manner; the colonel of each has, himself; halted at twenty-two
paces from the right flank of the battalion which ought to find itself to the
left of his own.

The last two battalions have faced to the left, and have
deployed by the means indicated in the preceding figures.

Figure 3 represents this movement commenced; the

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

last
four battalions are already established on the line, the fourth which has
passed it, and which has been faced by the front rank, is ready to be dressed up
against its markers; the third has just faced to the right to cross the line;
the second and first still march by the flank.

Figure 4 represents the movement ended.

FIGURES 5, 6, 7.

Represent a line of eight battalions
deployed by mass,with
intervals of twenty-two paces between them, and deploying the masses on the
first division, fifth battalion.

(No. 2110, and following.)

The general has caused two markers to be placed before the
head of the fifth battalion, and has ordered the colonel of the fourth to place
two before his batta­lion on the alignment of the first two. At the same time,
two mounted officers (m n) have thrown, them­selves on the line, a
little beyond the respective points to which the right and left will extend.

These dispositions made, the general has caused the
deployment to begin.

The fifth and fourth battalions have deployed them selves,
from the halt—the former on its first division, the other on its last.

The battalions to the right, deploy themselves by the right
flank, each on its last division; the battalions to the left, by the left, each
on its first division.

The first division, first battalion, and the first of the
eighth each conducted by its lieutenant colonel, direct­ed itself parallelly to
the line of battle, so as to pass three paces within the line marked by the
officers (m n) at the extremities of that line, and the first division
of all the other battalions marched exactly in the trace of the division which
preceded it.

Figure 5 represents the commencement of the movement; markers
have been placed before the heads of

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

the
fifth and fourth battalions, and the mounted officers (m n) have been
established.

Figure 6 represents the movement in progress; the four centre
battalions have fully deployed themselves; the second and seventh have
commenced the deploy­ment; the first and eighth march by the flank.

Figure 7 represents the movement ended.

FIGURES 8, 9.

Represent a column of four battalions, closed in
mass by division, right in front, deploying themselves on the last division,
second battalion.

(No. 2133, and following.)

The first two battalions have deployed themselves by the
right flank, on the last division, second battalion; this division, which has
stood fast, has been conducted up to the line of battle as soon as it was
unmasked.

The third and fourth battalions have deployed them­selves by
the left flank. The colonel of the third, as soon as he has taken twenty-two
paces from the left flank of the column, has, himself halted to see his
battalion file past; its right guides having passed, he has caused the
battalion to face to the right, in marching, in order to conduct it towards the
line of battle; he has then halted it three paces within that line, and has
deployed it on its first division.

The fourth battalion has continued to march by the flank,
until its right guides were opposite to the point of appui for its right;
it then approached the line of battle and deployed itself like the third.

Figure 8 represents the movement commenced; the second
battalion is partly deployed; the first marches by the flank. The third, after
being unmasked, and after taking its interval of twenty-two paces, has marched
up to the line and has commenced the deployment; the fourth still marches by
the flank.

Figure 9 represents the movement ended.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLV.

________

FIGURE 1.

Represents a column of sight battalions,
closed in massby
division, right in front, deploying itself by battalion in mass, faced to the
left, on the fifth battalion.

(No. 2089 and following, and No. 2103 and following.)

A represents the column closed in mass.

B represents the column which has taken its distances in
order to form faced to the left.

D E represent the deployed line faced to the left.

The general, after having determined the direction of the
line of battle, has, at six paces from the right flank of the column, caused the
colonel of the fifth battalion to establish on that line, two markers, for a
change of direction by the right flank.

The colonels of the first four battalions have caused them to
take, in front of the directing battalion, divi­sion-distance and four paces,
and, after having halted and aligned their battalions by the right, each has
caused two markers to be placed for a change of di­rection of his battalion by
the right flank; each two markers are on the same alignment with those esta­blished
by the general.

An officer, designated by the general, has superin­tended the
placing of these markers.

As soon as all the battalions have taken their distances, the
general has caused the line of battle to be formed faced to the left, by making
each battalion execute a change of direction by the right flank.

In the same figure, E, and F G, represent the same column
which has taken its distances, and which is formed in line of battle, by
inversion, faced to the right.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

FIGURE 2.

Represents a line of eight battalions,
deployed by mass

marching in advance.

(No. 2150, and following.)

A B represent the line prepared to march in advance.

The general has thrown himself thirty paces in rear of the
left guides of the fifth battalion which he has chosen for the directing one
and has established the lieutenant colonel on the perpendicular at a like dis­tance
in front.

This officer being correctly established, the right general
guide has thrown himself six paces in front of the guides, and after being
assured on the direc­tion by the lieutenant colonel, he has taken points on the
ground.

The four battalions on the right have taken the guide to the
left; the three left battalions have taken the guide to the right; in each of
the latter, the chief of the first division has placed himself on its left.

C D represent the line which marches in advance.

FIGURE 3.

Represents a line of eight battalions,
deployed by mass,

executing a change of direction to the
right.

(No. 2167, and following.)

The first battalion has brought itself on the new direction,
by a wheel according to the principle of wheeling a close column in marching;
it has then been halted at three paces from the line of battle and aligned by
the right.

The other battalions have executed successive slight changes
of direction; to this end, the headmost guide of each has insensibly advanced
his left shoulder so as to bring his division on a line parallel with the line
vi battle, and the following guides have conformed themselves to his movement.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

The first five battalions are on the line of battle; the
sixth has halted three paces short of that line; the seventh and eighth are yet
in march.

FIGURE 4.

Represents a line of eight battalions,
deployed by mass

breaking to the right, by battalion

(No. 3193 and following.)

The lieutenant colonel of each battalion has placed two
markers (d h), the first in front of the left guide, the other at
division-distance from the first, and on a direction perpendicular to the line
of battle.

Each battalion has then executed a change of direc­tion by
the left flank. The battalions thus broken into general column, have between
them the necessary dis­tance for re-forming themselves into line of battle by
an opposite movement.

A represents the column formed.

FIGURE 5.

Represents a line of eight battalions,
deployed by mass, which ploys itself into column on the fifth battalion, right
in front.

(No. 2203 and following)

The battalions to the right of the directing one (the fifth)
have marched perpendicularly forward, and each had faced to the left in
marching, in order to take its position in column, as soon as the rear rank of
its last division had passed six paces beyond the front rank ofthe
first division in the battalion next in the rear.

Each battalion has been halted the moment that its left
guides had arrived opposite to those of the batta­lions previously in the
column. Those guides have faced to the rear and placed themselves correctly on the
prolongation of the guides already established; the battalion has then been
aligned by the left.

The battalions to the left of the directing one, have faced
about and marched perpendicularly to the rear;

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

each has then faced to its left in marching, in order to
take its position in column, as soon as the front rank of its first division
had passed six paces beyond the rear rank of the last division in the column
the next in front.

Each of these battalions on taking its position in the
column, has been faced about and aligned by the left.

FIGURE 6.

Represents a line of four battalions, formed by
inversion, but whose sub-divisions are in the direct order, which ploys itself
into close column by division, on the se­cond battalion, the left (that is, the
first battalion) in front.

(No. 2216, and following.)

The second battalion has ployed itself on its second
division, right in front.

The first battalion has ployed itself in rear of its first
division, and has taken position in the column in front of the second
battalion.

The third, as also the fourth battalion, has deployed itself
in front of its last division, and has then taken its position in the column in
rear of the directing batta­lion.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLVI.

________

FIGURE 1.

Represents a line of
eight battalions deployed, correctly aligned and prepared to march in line of
battle.

(No. 2218, and following.)

The fifth has been chosen as the battalion of direction, and
markers have been placed behind it.

FIGURE 2.

Represents the same line in march.

(No. 2223, and following.)

FIGURES 3, 4.

Represent the same line halted, and taking
a general

alignment.

(No. 2252, and following.)

The line having been halted the general has thrown himself
some paces to the right of the directing colour (that of the fifth battalion),
and has aligned this colour and the left general guide of the same battalion,
on the point of direction he has chosen to the left of the line.

The right general guide of the fifth battalion, and the
colours and general guides of all the other batta­lions, have thrown themselves
on the new alignment, facing to the colour of the directing battalion.

Figure
4 represents the line of battle correctly aligned, after the return to their
places of the colours, general and company guides.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLVII.

______

FIGURE 1.

Represents a line of eight battalions, ployed into
double columns, with deploying intervals, preparing to march In advance.

(No. 2302, and following.)

The general has gone to the fifth battalion which he has
chosen to give the direction, and has assured the direction of its guides.

Each colonel has then traced the direction which his
battalion ought to follow; to this end, he has placed himself thirty paces
behind his guides on their prolongation, and has assured the lieutenant colonel
(who had thrown himself thirty paces in front) on that line.

In each battalion, the lieutenant colonel has esta­blished on
the perpendicular the right general guide who is charged with the direction of
the battalion, and who has placed himself six paces before the leading guide.

The colonel of the directing battalion, has placed two
markers behind it, on the prolongation of its guides

The directing battalion, and those on its left, have taken
the guide to the right; the other battalions have taken the guide to the left.

FIGURE 2.

Represents the same line which is in
march.

(No. 2311, and following.)

The colonel of each battalion marches abreast with the centre
of his column on the side of direction. The lieutenant colonel is placed
abreast with the first divi­sion, and the major abreast with the last
division—both on the side of direction.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

FIGURE3.

Represents the same line in march,
encountering obstacles which cover the two battalions on the right and the two
on the left.

(No. 2320, and following.)

The battalions, meeting the obstacles, have quick­ened the
step in order to recover the distance lost by turning the obstacles. The second
and first battalions have turned the obstacle which had covered them—one
passing to the left, and the other to the right.

The obstacle that had covered the last two batta­lions,
extending far to the left, the eighth battalion has followed the seventh in
turning this obstacle.

FIGURES 4, 5.

Represent the same line in march. and
executing a change

of direction to the right.

(No. 2333, and following.)

The general has caused two markers to be placed be­fore the
position which the first battalion, has to occupy, and has sent two mounted
officers (m n) to place them­selves first at the points where the second
and third battalions ought to arrive, and then, in succession, where the other
battalions will rest.

The first four battalions, which had the guide to the left,
have taken the guide to the right

The colonel of the first has caused his battalion to change
direction to the right in order to direct it against the markers established by
the general and has aligned it by the right.

The other battalions have directed themselves to­wards the
new line of battle; the leading guide of each has successively and insensibly
advanced his left shoulder, so as to bring the first division parallelly to
that line when yet at a distance from it equal to the depth of the column.

Figure 4 represents the line in march before begin­ning the
movement.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Figure 5 represents the movement in progress. The first four battalions are established on
the tine; the fifth has just been halted at three paces short of it; the last three
battalions are yet in march. The lieutenant colonel of the sixth has replaced,
on the line, the officer (m), who has thrown himself to the point where
the eighth battalion ought to arrive; the officer (n) is at the point where the
seventh will arrive.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLVIII.

________

FIGURES 1,2,3.

Represent a line of
eight battalions deployed, marching in line of battle, and executing a change
of direction to the right.

(No. 2264, and following.)

Figure 1 represents the line of battle advancing.

Figure 2 represents the change of direction commenced.

The general has caused two markers (h d) to be placed
on the direction which he wishes to give the line of battle—the first at the
point of appui for the right of the line, and the second at about sixty
paces from the first.

The first battalion has executed a change of direcrection to
the right in order to bring itself against the markers.

The other battalions have broken by a slight change of direction,
and have then directed themselves so as to arrive parallelly to the new line;
to this end, as each approaches that line, it executed several slight changes
of direction.

Figure 3 represents the movement nearly ended; the three
battalions of the right are already on the line of battle; the fourth battalion
has been halted four paces short of that line, and its colour and general
guides are established.

The last four battalions are yet in march. The lieutenant
colonel of the fifth has thrown himself out on the line, and has established
two markers upon it, distant from each other about sixty paces.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XLIX.

_______

FIGURES 1, 2, 3.

Represent a line of five battalions deployed,
marching inline
of battle, and encountering, before the interval be­tween the third and fourth
battalions, a defile which it has to pass, and which, at the narrowest point,
is suffi­cient to give passage to a company.

(No. 2352, and following, No. 2358, and
following, and No. 2363, and following.)

The three battalions of the right have broken by platoon to
the left; the two left battalions have broken by platoon to the right.

The two columns have marched to meet each other; arrived
opposite to the markers (d h), previously placed before the entrance of
the defile, the right column has turned to the right, and the left column to
the left. The corresponding platoons of the two columns have united in order to
enter the defile together, and have taken the guide in the centre.

The two united columns have thus passed the defile; the first
battalion, formed in single column by platoon, has followed the right column.

As the subdivisions successively arrive at the point (A,)
where the defile is wide enough to give passage to a division, companies have
been formed in each co­lumn. The platoon in the rear has obliqued to the right,
in the right column, and to the left in the left co­lumn, and, as soon as
unmasked, it has marched for­ward to rejoin its own left or right
platoon—quickening the step for that purpose.

The head of the united columns having passed the defile, the
third battalion, on which the column ought to he deployed1 has
continued to march straight forward. and, when arrived at the distance where
the line ought

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

to be
re-formed, this battalion has been closed in mass. The fourth has also marched
up to the line of battle; but it has been so directed as to take its interval
of twenty-two paces from the third, and when armed on the line of battle, it
was closed in mass. These two battalions being established on that line in
masses, the general has caused them to be deployed on (say) the fifth company
of the third.

The other battalions have not followed the move­ments of the
third and fourth; but, as soon as the leading subdivision of each of these
battalions found1 itself out of the defile, its colonel caused the
battalion to change direction in order to march diagonally to the right or the
left of the battalions already deployed, and then to form on the left, or
on the right, into line of bat­tle.

Figure 1 represents the movement begun; the two columns are
formed, and the headmost subdivisions have entered the defile.

Figure 2 represents the movement at the instant when the
third and fourth battalions have closed in mass; the other battalions are yet
in the defile, except the heads of the second and fifth.

In figure 3 the movement is nearly finished; the third and fourth
are entirely deployed; the second has formed on the left, into tine of
battle; the first has com­menced the same movement, and the fifth has needy
finished the formation on the right, into line of battle.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE L.

_______

FIGURES 1, 2, 3.

Represent a line of five battalions, marching in
retreat and encountering a defile, opposite to the interval be­tween the third
and fourth battalions, which it has to pass, and which is of sufficient width
to give passage to a company.

(No. 2378, and following, and No. 2391.)

The first battalion has commenced the movement singly; its
companies have successively formed by platoon into line, and the battalion has prolonged
it­self in column behind the line of battle: the leading guide, and
successively all the remaining guides, have turned to the left in order to
enter the defile as each arrived opposite to the marker (d) placed at
its en­trance. This battalion has passed the defile in single column; its first
five companies (counting from the head) have turned to the left on issuing from
the defile, and prolong themselves on the new line of battle; the sixth company
is re-formed, and the last two are yet in column by platoon in the defile.

The second battalion has followed the movement of the first,
and the fifth has commenced its at the same time. These two battalions have
marched in order to unite, and their corresponding subdivisions have enter­ed
the defile together after having turned the points (d and h.)

The third and fourth battalions have just commenced their
movement

Figure 2 represents the continuation of the general movement

The two columns, after having passed the defile, march in
opposite direction; and prolong themselves an the line of battle; there remain
in the defile only the last four companies of each column.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Figure 3 represents the movement ended:
each of the two columns has been halted the instant that its last subdivision
entered on the line of battle; the left column has executed a countermarch,
when, the two columns being united into one, it has formed to the left, into
line of battle.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LI.

FIGURES 1, 2, 3.

Represent a line of five battalions which
has passed, in retreat, a defile that was opposite to the interval between the
second and third battalions, and which line is re-formed after passing, so as
to throw three battalions to the right andtwo to the left of the defile.

(No. 2386, and following.)

The general, after causing the new direction of the line of
battle to be traced, has caused two markers (d h) to be placed to give
the points where the respec­tive columns ought to turn in order to prolong them­selves
on that line.

The fifth and fourth battalions have been halted the instant
that the leading subdivision of the fifth had ar­rived at company-distance from
the point of appui for the left of the new line; these battalions were
immediately formed tothe right, onto line of battle.

The third battalion, arrived at the point (h,) has not
followed the movement of the last two; it has continu­ed to march straight
forward, and when its headmost subdivision had passed far enough beyond the line
of battle to leave space for containing the battalion closed in mass, the
battalion was made to countermarch, and then to deploy on its headmost (light
infantry or eighth) company.

The column, composed of the right battalions, has turned to
the left at the point (d), and has been halted when the last
subdivision, second battalion, had passed a space equal to the front of a
company beyond the point of appui for the left of this battalion; the
column was then made to countermarch, and to form to the right, into line of
battle, on the alignment of the three battalions to the left.

Figure 1 represents the movement when the two

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

battalions
on the left had just been formed to the right into line of battle; the third
battalion marches straight forward, and the column to the right, has only five
companies on the old direction.

Figure 2 represents the movement at the
instant that the third battalion has finished closing in mass; the last
subdivision of the column to the right, has just entered on the new direction.

Figure 3 represents the movement at the
instant that the column to the right was halted; the third battalion has
countermarched, and is nearly deployed.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LII.

______

FIGURES 1, 2.

Represent two lines of eight battalions each, one
behind the other, executing a perpendicular change of front forward, on the
right of the first line.

(NO.2393, and following, and No. 2424, and
follow­ing.)

Note. Figure two represents the manner of
tracing the new direction of the two lines.

_________

MOVEMENT OF THE FIRST LINE.

The general-in-chief; after having determined the direction
of the line of battle, has established the basis of alignment by placing two
markers (r s) before the position to be occupied upon it by the right
company, and a third (a) at a hundred paces from the point of appui for
the line; he has then ordered two mounted officers to throw themselves to the
points (h h) where the second and third battalions ought to arrive.

As soon as the markers were established before the right
company, first battalion, its colonel caused it to execute a change of front forward
on this company.

The other colonels have caused their battalions to be ployed
into double columns, at half distance, and have then marched them towards the
new line of battle.

The leading guide of each battalion, advancing the left
shoulder, has directed himself towards the point opposite to (h), the
point of appui for the right of the battalion in column. Arrived at that
point, the first division has turned to right, in order to approach the line of
battle perpendicularly, and when at three paces from that line, the colonel has
caused the column to close in mass, and to deploy.

The mounted officers, who at the commencement of

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

the movement, threw themselves on the line, marked the
points where the second and third battalions have arrived, and, successively, these
officers do the same for the other battalions as the respective lieutenant
colonels replace them on that line.

MOVEMENT OF THE SECOND LINE.

The general-in-chief, after having determined the new
direction of the first line, and giving information to the general of the
second of the movement to be executed has charged an officer with tracing the
direc­tion of this line. This officer has thrown himself on the front of the
first line at the distance from the point of appui given by the
general-in-chief; and which is three hundred and seventy paces; he has placed a
marker B at the point where he halted; a second E, a hundred paces from the
first, on the direction indicat­ed to him, and which is parallel to that for
the first line; and finally, a third, D, at the point of appui for the
right of the new position.

The first three battalions have broken by company to the
left; the left company of the third, instead of breaking like the others, has
marched forward twice the extent of its front. These battalions then put
themselves in march in order to bring themselves on the new line of battle,
have prolonged themselves on this line, and when the right company, first
battalion (in the rear) arrived opposite to the point D, the column was halted
in order to form to the right, into line of battle.

The five other battalions have been ployed into double
columns, at half distance, and then directed towards the new line of battle
according to the prin­ciples prescribed for the double columns of the first
line.

The fourth battalion has prolonged itself behind the Line of
battle, and when its first division had arrived

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

at the point
(g), opposite to the marker (h), this division turned to the
right and marched up perpendicu­larly to that line.

Each of
the remaining battalions, regulating itself by the one next on its right, has
approached the line by the same means as the fourth

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LIII.

______

FIGURES 1, 2.

Represent two lines of eight battalions each,
in line of battle one behind the other, executing a perpendicular change offront to the rear, on the right of the first tine.

(No. 2403,and following, and No.
2436, and following.)

Note. Figure 2 represents the manner of tracing
the new direction of the two lines.

__________

MOVEMENT OF THE FIRST LINE.

The general-in-chief; after having determined the new
direction of the first line, has caused the right company, first battalion, to
be established on that di­rection, and caused two markers (r s) to be
placed be­fore this company, and a third (o) at a hundred paces from the
first; this being done, he has ordered two mounted officers to prolong that
line, by throwing themselves at first, at the points (h h) where the
second and third battalions ought to arrive.

As soon as the markers were established, its colonel caused
the first battalion to execute a change of front to the rear on its
right company.

The other battalions have been ployed into double columns, and
faced by the rear rank; they have then been marched towards the new line of
battle.

The leading guide of each battalion, advancing the right
shoulder, directed himself towards the point (g), opposite to the marker
(h), previously placed by the lieutenant colonel, but beyond (g)
the whole depth of the column. Arrived at (g), the leading division has
turned to the left, in order to approach the line of battle perpendicularly;
the column has crossed this line

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

between
the markers whom the lieutenant colonel had previously placed before the
position it was to oc­cupy, and when the-leading division had passed the line a
distance equal to the depth of the column in mass and three paces more, the
colonel caused it to close, to face by the front rank, and to deploy.

MOVEMENT OF THE SECOND LINE.

The officer charged with tracing the direction of the second
line has thrown himself on the prolongation of the first at three hundred and
seventy paces from the point of appui for its right; he has placed a
marker B at the point where he halted; a second E at a hundred paces from the
first in the direction which had been in­dicated to him, and which direction is
parallel to that of the first line; finally, a third, G, at the point of appui
for the right of the second line. The basis of alignment being thus
established, this line has been pro­longed, and a marker placed at the point C,
where the old line, prolonged, cuts the new.

The first three battalions have broken by company to the
right; the headmost guide has directed himself’ on the point C, and has turned
to the left, after having assed four paces beyond the line of battle; the co­lumn
has prolonged itself on this line, and when the headmost sub-division arrived
at company-distance from the point of appui G, the column was halted,
and formed to the left, and faced to the rear, into line of
battle. The five battalions of the
left have been ployed into double columns, at half distance, and then faced by
the rear rank in order to approach the new line of battle; to this end, the
headmost division of each turned to the left in putting itself in march, and
then marched di­agonally towards its now position, as prescribed for the
battalions of the first line.

The letter L represents the position of each of these five
battalions of the second line at the moment its leading division had finished
turning.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LIV.

______

FIGURE 1, 2.

Represent two lines of eight battalions each, placed
one behind the other, executing a perpendicular change of front on the fifth
battalion of the first line, the left wing thrown forward

(No. 2411, and following, and No. 2446, and following) Note.
Figure 1 represents the manner of tracing the new directions of the two
lines, and the positions of these lines after they have executed the
preparatory movements for throwing themselves on those directions.

______

MOVEMENT OF THE FIRST LINE.

The general-in-chief; after having determined the new
direction of the first line,has caused to be esta­blished on this
direction the right company of the fifth and the left of the fourth battalion,
and then has caused the basis of alignment to be prolonged, on each side, by
mounted officers. Two of these officers have thrown themselves to the points
where the sixth and seventh battalions ought respectively to arrive, and two
others have marked, in like manner, the ground for the third and second
battalions.

The colonels of the fifth and fourth have caused their
battalions to execute a change of front from a halt—the fifth, forward, on
its right company, and the fourth, to the rear, on its left.

The other battalions have been ployed into double columns, at
half distance.

The three battalions of the left have executed a change of
front forward, on the fifth, and the battalions on the right, after
having faced by the rear rank, have changed front to the rear, on the
fourth battalion. These three battalions did not put themselves in march for
their new positions, until the leading company of

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

the
third battalion, second line, was about to cross the new position of the first
line.

MOVEMENT 0F THE SECOND LINE.

The officer charged with tracing the direction of the second
line, ha, taken, on the front of the first, three hundred and seventy paces
from the right of the fifth battalion, he has placed a marker B where he
halted, a second D, a hundred paces perpendicularly in front, and finally a
third E, the same distance in the rear on the prolongation of the other two.

The basis of alignment being thus established, it has been
prolonged, and a marker placed at the point of intersection C of the old and new lines.

The first seven battalions have broken by company to the left
- the left company of the seventh, instead of wheeling like the others, has
marched forward, twice the extent of its front.

This column has directed itself perpendicularlyfor­ward
and prolonged itself on its new line of battle; it has been halted, when the
fifth company, fifth battalion. arrived opposite the right of the corresponding
batta­lion of the first line which has served as the basis of the movement

The seventh, sixth, fifth, fourth, and third battalions,
which had entered on the new direction, have been formed to the right, and
the second and first, faced to the rear, into line of battle.

The eighth battalion had been ployed into double co­lumn at
company-distance, and then it prolonged itself in rear of the line of battle;
when its leading division arrived at (g,) opposite to the right marker (h,)
previously placed by the lieutenant colonel, it turned to the right, marched
perpendicularly up and was deployed on the line of battle.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LV.

FIGURES 1, 2.

Represent two lines of eight battalions each, placed
one behind the other, executing an oblique change of front for­ward, on the
right of the first line.

(No. 2419, and No.2456, and
following.)

Note. Figure 2 represents the manner of tracing
the new direction of the second line, parallelly to that of the first.

______

MOVEMENT OF THE FIRST LINE.

The general-in-chief has thrown himself to the right of the
point of appui for the first line. The lieutenant colonel of the first
battalion has, from the point of appui (s) marched along the front of
the battalion fifty paces from (s) to (p), and then seventy perpendicularly
to the front from (p) to (x) until he masks the general’s view of
the point of direction to the left; (s x) is the new direction of the
first line. The basis of alignment be­ing thus established, it has been
prolonged, and the chance of front ha~ been executed according to the
principles prescribed for an oblique change of front forward.

MOVEMENT 0F THE SECOND LINE.

The officer charged with tracing the direction of the second
line, has taken along the front of the first, four hundred and sixty paces from
its point of appui for the right, has placed a marker B at the point
where he halted, and has caused the lieutenant colonel of the third battalion
to repeat the operation that the general-in-chief had directed the lieutenant
colonel of the first to make. The lieutenant colonel of the third has marched
along the front fifty paces from B to (z) and then seventy perpendicularly to
the front, from (z)

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

to (x);
B x is the new direction of the second line parallel to that of the first.

The basis of alignment being thus established, it has been
prolonged; and the new direction of the line traced, as for a perpendicular change
of front.

The first two battalions have broken by company to the left,
have marched towards the new line of battle and prolonged themselves upon it;
when the right company, first battalion, had arrived opposite to the point of appui,
the column was halted and formed to the right, into line of battle.

The six other battalions have been ployed into dou­ble
columns, at half distance, and brought on the new line of battle, according to
the principles prescribed for perpendicular changes of front; the leading
company of the second battalion, commenced the march by a slight wheel to the
left.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LVI.

______

FIGURES 1, 2.

Represent two lines of eight battalions each, placed
one behind the other, executing an oblique change of front to the rear, on the right
of the first line.

(No. 2419, and No. 2466, and following.]

Note. Figure 2 represents the manner of tracing
the new direction of the second line, parallelly to that of the first.

______

MOVEMENT OF THE FIRST LINE.

The general-in-chief has caused the new direction of the
first line to be traced in rear of the right of its first battalion, by the
same means as for a change of front forward; the lieutenant colonel has
marched eighty p aces perpendicularly to the rear, from (p) to (v).
The general has then caused the basis of align­ment to be prolonged, and the
change of front has been executed by the means prescribed for a perpendicular
change.

MOVEMENT OF THE SECOND LINE.

The officer charged with tracing the direction of this line,
has marched to B, on the prolongation of the first line, four hundred and sixty
paces from its point of appui for the right; he has determined, at the
extremity of this line, thus prolonged, the direction of the second line by the
means employed for the determination of the first. An officer has taken, from
B, fifty paces to (x) on the prolongation of the first line, and then
march­ed eighty paces perpendicularly from (z) to (x). B x is
the direction of the second line parallel to that of the first.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

The basis of alignment being thus established a marker has
been placed at G, where the right of the line ought to rest, and another at 0,
where the old line prolonged, cuts the new.

The first two battalions have broken by company to the right,
and marched straight forward; the headmost company, and the others
successively, have turned to the left, after having crossed the new line of
battle, and the column has prolonged itself on that line. The headmost company
having arrived at company-distance from the point of appui, the column
has been halted; the first battalion has formed to the left, and the
second to the left, and faced to the rear, into line of battle.

The other battalions have executed their movement as In a perpendicular
change of front.

The letter L represents the position of each of the last six
battalions of the second line at the moment when the leading division of each
had finished its turn to the left.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LVII.

FIGURES 1, 2.

Represent two lines of eight battalions
each, placed one behind the other, executing an oblique change of front, on the
fifth battalion; the left wingthrown forward.

[No. 2419, and No. 2472, and following.]

Note. Figure 1 represents the manner of tracing
the new direction of the new line parallelly to that of the first, and the positions
of these lines after they have executed the preparatory movements for
marching upon those directions.

______

MOVEMENT OF THE FIRST LINE.

The general-in-chief has caused the new direction of the
first line to be traced before the right of the fifth battalion, and caused the
anile to be measured that it forms with the old; to this end, the lieutenant co­lonel
of that battalion had marched fifty paces along the front from the right of the
battalion, and fifty perpendi­cularly to the front. These dispositions being
made the general directed two markers to be placed on the line before the right
company of the fifth battalion, and two before the left company of the fourth,
after having caused these companies to be brought upon the new alignment; he
has then caused the new line to be prolonged by mounted officers; two of these
officers have thrown themselves to the points where the third and second
battalions ought, respectively, to arrive.

The fifth and fourth battalions have executed the change of
front from a halt—the fifth forward, on its right company, and the
fourth to the rear, on its left company.

The other battalions have been ployed into double columns, at
half distance; the three battalions of the

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

left
have executed a change of front forward, on the fifth battalion, and the
three battalions of the right, after facing by the rear rank, have changed
front to the rear on the fourth; the three battalions of the right did
not put themselves in march for their new positions until the leading company
of the second battalion, second line, was about to cross the new position of
the first line.

MOVEMENT OF THE SECOND LINE.

The officer charged with tracing the direction of the second
line has marched along the front of the first, four hundred and sixty paces
from the right of the fifth battalion, and has caused the lieutenant colonel of
the seventh to repeat the operation that the general had executed by the
lieutenant colonel of the fifth; he has then caused the basis of alignment to
be prolonged, and directed the placing of a marker at the point of inter­section
of the old and new positions.

The first five battalions have broken by company to the left;
this column then put itself in march; the leading company, and the others, in
succession, have turned to the right after having crossed the line of bat­tle,
and have prolonged themselves upon it. The co­lumn has been halted at the
moment the fifth corn p any, fifth battalion, arrived opposite to the right of
the cor­responding battalion of the first line which served as the basis of the
movement; the fifth battalion has been formed to the right, the fourth to
the right and faced to the rear, and the first three faced to the rear, into
line of battle.

The three battalions of the left have been ployed into double
columns, at half distance, and have chang­ed front forward, on the fifth
battalion: the sixth and seventh have broken from the line by a slight wheel to
the left.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LVIII.

_______

FIGURE 1.

Represents a line of six battalions formed
indirect echellons,
by brigade, by the right of the line, and marching it advance.

(No. 2492, and following.)

A B represent the line before it is put in
march; the general-in-chief has caused markers to be placed behind the right
battalion of the first echellon to as­sure its direction.

C D represent the line formed by echellon,
and in march.

The right echellon was the first put in
march; the second and third have each waited till the echellon immediately
preceding had marched forward the dis­tance prescribed.

A file closer of the right battalion of
each of these echellons marches abreast with his battalion behind the left file
of the echellon immediately in front.

E F represent the line in the act of
re-forming itself. The first echellon
is already established; the se­cond has been halted at four paces from the
line, on which the colours and general guides have thrown themselves with a
view to a general alignment; the third echellon is still in march.

FIGURE 2.

Represents a line of six battalions ,formed in direct
echellons by brigade, by the right of the line, and marching in re­treat.

(No. 2505, and following.)

A B represent the line before the
commencement of the movement; the general-in-chief has caused mark­ers to be
placed in front of the first battalion, first echelon, to assure its direction.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

C D represent the echellons in march.

The first echellon commenced the march: the second and third
have each waited, before following, till the echelon immediately preceding had
marched the dis­tance prescribed.

A file closer of the right battalion of each of these
echellons marches abreast with his battalion, behind the inner file of the
echellon, next preceding.

E F represent the line in the act of re-forming itself; the
first echellon has been faced about, and caused to take an alignment; the
second echellon has crossed the line of battle, and halted four paces beyond;
it has then been faced about, and its guides brought on the line in order to
align this on the first echelIon. The third is yet in march.

Note. The want of space has caused a diminution
of the perpendicular distances between the echeltons in the two figures of this
plate.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LIX.

FIGURES 1, 2, 3, 4.

Represent a line of sixbattalions deployed, which, formed on
oblique echellons, by brigade, by the right of the line, has marched in this
order, and re-formed the line.

(No. 2514 and following.)

Each brigade has executed an oblique change of front forward,
of thirty paces on its right company, and each subordinate echellon has
then broken to the rear, by the left, into column by company, in order to take
its in­terval from the echellon next on its right. As soon as each echellon had
broken into column, the left general guide of its left battalion threw himself
on the prolon­gation of the right guides to a point a little beyond that at
which the left of the echellon ought to rest in line of battle, and as soon as
he was correctly established, the column commenced the march, directing itself
on the general guide. When the rearmost company had passed twenty-two paces
beyond the left or the echel­Ion next in front, the column was halted and
formed to the right, into line of battle.

Intervals having been taken, the line has marched in
advance—the subordinate echellons being put in march as each found itself at
the prescribed~ distance from the one next in front.

Figure 1 represents the line which has executed an oblique
change of front on the right of each brigade.

Figure 2 represents tne position of the line after in­tervals
have been taken between the echellons.

Figure 3 represents the line in march.

Figure 4 represents the echellons forming themselves into
full line; the first echellon is already established on this line; the second
has been halted four paces within; its colours and general guides have been
thrown out on the alignment of the first. The third echellon is still in march

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LX.

______

Represents a line of eight battalions,
executing a retreat by

alternate battalions, and then forming
itself into full line.

(No. 2530, and following.)

A B represent the
line before commencing the movement.

C D represent the movement commenced. The even battalions
have marched perpendicularly to the rear; the general of this line has halted
them at the line C D; each colonel immediately faced his battalion about, and
then rectified its alignment on that of the directing battalion

The even battalions being established in their new position,
the odd battalions have been put in march; the colour-bearer of each has
directed himself upon the centre of the corresponding interval of the second
line, and after passing it, has continued to march perpendi­cularly to the
rear. The odd battalions having arrived at the line E F, have been halted by
the general of this line, and faced about by their respective colonels.

The even and odd battalions have thus successively retreated
on the lines G H, I K, and L M.

N 0 represent the eight battalions re-formed into full line;
the odd battalions having been halted between N 0, the even battalions, being
put in march, have come to place themselves in their intervals between the odd
battalions; their respective colonels have halted, and faced them about, as
they severally arrived in line with the odd battalions.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LXI.

______

FIGURE 1.

Represents a passage of lines in retreat.

(No 2545, and following.)

The general-in-chief has caused the second line to be
established between C D, the position which he wishes it to be in after the
first retires.

The battalions of the second line have been ployed into
double columns, closed in mass, and so disposed that the centre of each finds
itself opposite to the centre of the right interval of the corresponding
battalion in the first line.

The second line being established, the first has been put in
march to the rear; the colour-bearer of each bat­talion has directed himself
upon the centre of the interval of the second line immediately in his front;
arrived at about forty paces from the second line, each colonel has caused the
companies of his battalion which were masked by the second line, to execute the
passage of obstacles, and afterwards, when in rear of the second line, has
caused those companies to return into line; the first line continues to march
in retreat till it arrives at the distance given by the general-in-chief:

FIGURE 2.

Represents the passage of lines in
advancing.

(No. 2554, and following.)

The battalions of the second line, C D, have been ployed into
double columns, closed in mass, and so disposed that the centre of each finds
itself opposite to the centre of the right interval of the corresponding bat­talion
in the first line.

The second line has put itself in march, and each battalion,
taking the guide in the centre; each colonel

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

of the
first line has caused the two outer companies of his battalion to ploy
themselves, as in mass, behind the next companies, respectively, on the arrival
of the se­cond line within about forty paces of the first.

The second line having passed the first, its general has
designated the fifth as the directing battalion; this battalion has immediately
taken the guide to the right, and the line conformed itself to the rules for
the march inline of battle of a line of battalions in columns.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LXII.

FIGURE 1.

Represents three battalions in column, by
division, having

closed to half distance in order to form
square.

(No.2566, and following.)

All the divisions, except the last of the first and second
battalions, which are destined to remain in reserve in the square, have closed
to half distance on the head of the column.

The two excepted divisions have each closed, in mass, on the
division next in its front; and, in order to unmask the guides of the latter,
the chief of each reserve division has caused three files from the right and
three from the left to be broken to the rear.
The guides at the same time have closed, on each side, upon the files
remaining in line.

The first division in each of the second and third battalions
has closed to half distance on the division, (say the third) nextbut
one, in the preceding battalion. The pioneers and music of each battalion
have placed themselves behind the inner platoons of the second di­vision of
their battalion.

The column having closed, the lieutenant colonels of the
battalions have placed themselves on the left flank, and the majors on the
right flank; those of the first and second battalions opposite the first division,
and those of the third battalion opposite to the last division of their
respective battalions.

FIGURE 2.

Represents the same battalions formed into
square.

(No. 2580, and following.)

The headmost division has stood fast; all the others, except
the last of the column and the reserve-divisions

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

have
formed by company, to the right, and to the left, in­to line of
battle.

The last division of the column has closed up to form the
square, and immediately after, it faced by the rear rank.

The reserve-divisions, whilst those of the interior were
forming to the left, and right, into line, marched forward a
distance equal to the front of a company— when, being halted, the chief of each
of these divisions caused its outer platoons to double, as in mass, behind
their inner platoons.

The pioneers and music of each battalion, have ad­vanced a
distance equal to the front of a company.

FIGURE 3.

Represents the same battalions which have
re-formed column,

in order tomarch in advance.

(No. 2611, and following.)

The first front has marched forward a distance equal to the
front of a company; the second front has faced to the left, and each company
has wheeled by file to the left; the third front has faced to the right, and
each company has wheeled by file to the right.

The outer platoons of the reserve-divisions have de­ployed on
their respective inner platoons, and the chiefs of these divisions have
respectively again broken off files from the right and left of each.

The pioneers and music have stood fast; the last division,
third battalion, has faced by the front rank, but its file closers have
remained in front of this rank.

FIGURE 4.

Represents the same battalions, faced by
the rear rank in

order to march in retreat.

(No. 2616, and following.)

Each chief ot a reserve-division has caused the files broken
to the rear, to return into line: these divisions have faced by the rear rank
with the others of the co­-

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

lumn,
and each of the two has then closed in mass on that next in its front.

The pioneers and music have stood fast.

FIGURE 5.

Represents the same battalions which have
farmed square,

faced by the rear rank.

(No. 2619, and following.)

The last division, (now in front) third battalion, has stood
fast.

The divisions constituting the side fronts, have form­ed to
the left, and to the right, into line of battle.

The reserve-divisions have advanced a distance equal to the
front of a company, and then doubled pla­toons.

The first division, first battalion, has closed up to form
the square, and then faced by the front rank.

The music sod pioneers have advanced a distance equal to the
front of a company.

The second, third, and fourth fronts are faced by the rear
rank, the first by the front rank.

FIGURE 6.

Represents a line of three battalions,
ploying itself into co­lumn by division, at half distance, in order to form
square; the movement isexecuted on the first division, second batta­lion, right in front.

(No. 2031, and following.)

The last division, second battalion, which has to re­main in
reserve, has entered the column, as closed in mess, on the next (say the third)
in its front; as soon as halted, its chief has caused three files from the
right, and three from the left, to break to the rear.

The last division, first battalion, has entered the co­lumn,
closed in mass on the next (say the third) of its battalion; as soon as it
entered it broke off three files from the right and three from the Jell.

The third division of this battalion has entered the

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

at
company-distance from the first of the se­cond battalion.

The third battalion first ployed itself into
battalion-column, from the halt, in rear of its first division; its last
division entered this column, closed in mass, on the next in its front, say the
third.

The battalion thus ployed, has directed itself towards the
general column, which it has entered with company-distance between its first
division and the third of the preceding battalion.

FIGURE 7.

Represents a column of two battalions, by division,
closed in mass, right in front, which takes distances on the first division,
second batlalion, and forms square.

(No. 2598, and following.)

Note, In the text (No. 2603) a third battalion
is supposed, and consequently, the last division, second battalion, is made
(No.2601) to break off files like the last (or reserve-division) of the first
battalion. But, in order to illustrate No. 2565, only two battalions are
supposed in this figure of the plate: consequently, the last division second
batta­lion, being the rearmost of the general column, is not held in reserve,
and does not break off tiles.

______

The brigadier general has caused two markers (m n) to
be thrown out in front and in rear, on the prolonga­tion of the left guides a
little beyond the points at which the headmost and rearmost divisions of the co­lumn
ought, respectively, to arrive.

The division (say the third) next to the last in the first
battalion, has taken company distance from the first division, second
battalion; the fourth division, first battalion, has followed the movement of
its third and halted at the same time; the moment that the fourth put itself in
march, its chief caused three files from the right and three from the left, to
break to the rear.

In the second battalion, the last (say the fourth) di­vision,
halted at the same time with its third, and has

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

preserved,
in respect to the latter, its close distance, as in mass.

A represents the column closed in mass;

B after distances bed been taken;

C represents the square formed.

FIGURE 8.

Represents a column of three battalions,
by division closed in mass, which, being threatened by cavalry, and without time to take distances,
has made the necessary dispositions to re­sist the attack.

(No. 2627—8.)

The guides of all the divisions have promptly placed
themselves as file closers behind their respective com­panies.

The headmost division has stood fast; its chief has thrown
himself behind its centre.

The rearmost division of the column has faced by the rear
rank.

In the other divisions, each captain has caused to be formed,
from the outer flank of his company, to the right or left, into tine
of battle, the number of files necessary to fill up the distance between
his own and the company next in front, and has, at the same time, caused his
files, remaining in column, to close out­wards, as well to fill up the spaces
left by the files which formed to the right or left into line, as
to leave a hollow in the center ofthe column.

Each captain in the last division but one of the co­lumn has
formed outwards a double number of files, so as to fill up, at the same time,
the distance between the last two divisions; for this purpose, these files in­clined
to, and closed upon the rearmost division.

The music and pioneers are placed between the bat­talions.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LXIII.

_______

FIGURE 1.

Represents three battalions prepared to
form square, in march

and covered by skirmishers.

(No. 2622, and following.)

Each of the two divisions, in reserve, has detached three
platoons to skirmish around the column; one platoon of each remained in the square
to serve as a rallyingpoint for the skirmishers.

The left company of the first battalion, covers the head of
the column and half of its left flank; the left company, second battalion,
covers the other half of the left flank and the rear of the column; the right
flank is covered by the first platoon of the eighth com­pany, first battalion,
and the first platoon of the eighth company, second battalion.

FIGURE 2.

Represents a line of four battalions in columns, by
division at half distance, which, from the halt, have placed themselves in
echellon on the second battalion, in order to form squares by battalion.

(No. 2635, and following.)

The second battalion has stood fast; the first has marched
perpendicularly forward a hundred and ten paces, has been halted at that
distance and aligned pa­rallelly to the directing battalion the third and
fourth battalions have faced about, marched perpendicularly to the rear and
successively halted—the third at a hundred and ten paces, and the fourth at
twice that distance. These battalions have been again faced about and then
aligned parallelly to the directing bat­talion.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

FIGURE 3.

Represents a battalion ploying itself into column by
division at half distance in order to form square in on oblique di­rection to
that of the line of battle.

(No. 2643, and following)

The lieutenant colonel has marched twelve paces along the
front of the right company from (s) to (p,) and then twelve
perpendicularly to the front from (p) to (a,) where he halted and
faced to the right; at the mo­ment he halted,the right guide of the
company placed himself before its right file and conformed the direction of his
shoulders to that of the lieutenant colonel’s shoulders.

The right guide being established, the lieutenant co­lonel
has placed a marker at the point (a) where he had halted, and a second
at the point (d.)

The chief of the first division has brought it against the
markers by a wheel to the right and has aligned it by the left.

The chief of the second division has caused it to break files
to the front, and has conducted it towards the point where it ought to enter
the column at company-distance behind the first. Arrived at this point, its
chief has himself halted, has caused the division to wheel by file to the
right, and, when the last file had past him, he halted the division, faced it
to the front and aligned it by the left.

The third and fourth divisions have broken files to the rear,
hot only slightly. These divisions have en­tered the column—the third at half
distance, and the fourth as in mass.

FIGURE 4.

Represents a line of five battalions which
has formed oblique squares by battalion, each battalion on its right division.

(No. 2643, and following.)

Each battalion has been ployed into column by divi-

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

vision at half distance, on its first division, which was
first brought on an alignment oblique to the line of battle; each battalion
then formed itself into one square.

FIGURE 5.

Represents the
same line which, after reducing square, has re-formed itself on a parallel
direction to its former line.

(No. 2651 and
following.)

The general, after having
reduced the squares, has placed two markers (d h) before the position to
be occupied on the new line of battle by the third battalion, which he has
designated as the directing one. This
battalion, taking the guide to the right, has been brought forward against
those markers; to this end, the headmost division, and successively all the others,
have wheeled to the left at the point (s.)

The other battalions have, in
like manner, been brought on the new line of battle, and there established on
the alignment of the directing battalion.

FIGURE
6.

This
figure indicates the manner of tracing the new alignment of a battalion ployed
into column, and which has to change direction by the flank in order to form
square in an oblique direction to the line of battle.

(No. 2649 and following.)

The lieutenant –colonel has
placed before the right and left files of a marker each (r s ), and a third
(p) on the prolongation of (r s ), and at twelve paces from (s;)
he has then marched twelve paces perpendicularly to the front, from (p)
to (o,) and has thus determined the new alignment of the column (s o.)

FIGURE
7.

Represents
a line of five battalions, in columns at half distance with deploying intervals
between them, which, in order to form squares, has executed, by battalion, a
change of direction by the right flank.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

(No 2649, and following.)

The now
direction of the headmost division of each battalion has been first traced to
the right of this division, and each battalion has then changed direction by
the right flank.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE LXIV.

______

Represents a line of eightbattalions which, after having marched
in line of battle, halts and forms itself into oblique squares, by battalion,
without taking a general alignment.

(No. 2656.)

In this figure is traced the direction of the fires from the
different fronts of the squares to the extent of about five hundred and fifty
paces.