To investigate how much energy (Kj) is stored in different types of peanuts and how much is released.

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Introduction

Title: to investigate how much energy (Kj) is stored in different types of peanuts and how much is released. Planning Background information: - The most common way to measure energy in a substance is to burn it. By using a relevant method and a formula, you can find out the amount of energy there is in peanuts. Heat produced by combustion of food (E) = m??t for the water in test tube. E represents energy, m is the mass of water which is determined from the volume. ? (theta) is the specified heat capacity of water, this is a standard value = 4.19J/g/�C, ?t stands for the change in the temperature of the water. So the amount of energy (E) in the heat gained by the water is given by the product of m�c�T. From my research, I found out that food factories use a bomb calorimeter which is very accurate and much easier to use. If a substance is burned in a calorimeter, its energy content can be determined. When food burns and heat is a known quantity of the water, the amount of heat given off by the food is theoretically equal to the amount of heat gained by the water. A calorie is the amount of thermal energy that raises the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A joule is a little less than one-quarter of a calorie. Peanuts are grown in Georgia, Brazil, South America and Asia, these are very hot continent; therefore peanuts absorb a lot of the suns energy in photosynthesis. Peanuts are rich in oil and vitamin B. Oxidation or combustion is when a substance combines with oxygen to release energy and waste products, a good example of this would be respiration. Peanuts contain chemical potential energy which when released is very useful. According to research, peanuts are known to be a good source of protein and fat. ...read more.

Middle

7) Put a thermometer in water and record its temperature. 8) Hold a test tube using the clamp firmly and keep the thermometer to measure the temperature elevation. 9) Place a Bunsen burner on a heatproof mat and start the fire on the Bunsen burner, turn the flame to blue flame to get the optimum results. 10) Hold the peanut or pea using the cork handle directly on top of the Bunsen burner and heat a peanut or pea until it catches fire. 11) Make sure Bunsen burner is turned off. 12) Place the flaming peanut or pea directly under the test tube of water, as soon as this is done.... (keep the needle the same distance apart from the test tube). 13) Timer watch must be started 14) Record the temperature rise each ten seconds as accurately as possible for 90 seconds. 15) Repeat process for all the other peanuts or pea. Observation My experiment was based on the method above and I gathered all the necessary information to make sure that my results would be as precise as possible to the true figures when I compare them with existing products. I observed temperature change when the flamed peanuts were put directly under the test tube of water and thermometer. I measured the peanuts by using a weighing scale and I used a couple of peanuts each time to select the weight I desire. After all the peanuts were selected, I decided to draw tables to insert the results I will obtain. I felt that the units are really important to include because they would determine my final results after using the Energy formula. I set up all the equipment listed above correctly and safely. I decided to put the Bunsen burner off after each peanut was burnt, although it would be time consuming but I believe that the outcome would be more accurate. ...read more.

Conclusion

The quality of the accuracy would be much better if we did not take an average, albeit it will take longer but more exact results could be obtained. I think that this experiment was fair because I used the same measuring cylinder 25cm� for each test tube, the weighing scales were used accurately and were clear of any objects that could affect the results obtained, the Bunsen burner was put away from the practical to that it would not affect the results by adding heat to the surrounding environment. I can improve my accuracy by reading the time against temperature fasted and record it. By looking at the thermometer from a horizontal angle the results would be more accurate. The accuracy and quality can be improved by spending a longer time on the coursework. If I have the opportunity to repeat the experiment, with the experience I now have, I will try to use different apparatus such as the calorimeter to get a better result. I would add a different variety of foods next time such as cashew nuts and crisps, because I would like to find out how much energy there is in both of them, how many calories and which one contains more fat. If I can do this experiment again, then I would use the same method but a different technique to manipulate the equipment to gain the best results. I used a mounted needle to hold the peanuts and I had difficulty inserting the needle into the pea, and peanuts with out breaking them into pieces. Next time I could keep the remains of the burnt peanuts and subtract the final mass of the peanut from the initial mass to find out how much mass is burnt. Also, I could use different amounts of water to check if the energy stays the same or becomes different. Also, I could keep the needle the same distance(close) away from the test tube so energy will not be lost. To investigate even further, next time I plan to relate the speed of the reaction (how fast energy goes up compared with heat). ...read more.

When a boat lifts a sail, it is using wind energy to push it through the water. This is one form of work. Farmers have been using wind energy for many years to pump water from wells using windmills like the one on the right.

These drugs and their derivatives are not very efficient since malaria parasites are increasing in resistance to the drugs as time passes and they will be effective in even less regions around the world. Therefore new ways to treat malaria such as combination therapy have been revealed.

When it is considered that there is no requirement to have the ability to metabolise starch during the production of wine from grapes, there is also no need to produce the maltase enzyme. It therefore follows that during the selective development of a highly specialised strain of wine yeast, the

This may be why the limpets have decided to dominate the middle shore. Competition may also be a reason for this dominance. Limpets in the larval stage will need to inhabit the lower shore in order to receive sufficient food and have a longer coverage of water, therefore there will

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* Blood flows into the pulmonary artery. * This branches immediately, carrying blood to the right and left lungs. * Here the blood gives up carbon dioxide and takes on a fresh supply of oxygen. * The capillary beds of the lungs are drained by venues that are the tributaries of the pulmonary veins.

* The period of time in which the pectinase and fruit are left in the water bath before filtering (at 40�C for 10 minutes). Leaving the pectinase and fruit in the water bath with a temperature higher than its optimum could result in the pectinase becoming denatured, so the water bath temperature will be monitored by a thermometer regularly.