Vitamin B3 (Niacin) - Deficiency Risk and Symptoms

Friday January 15, 2016 at 7:57am

Nutrient Name

Vitamin B3 - otherwise known as Niacin

Potential for deficiency

Uncommon

Niacin deficiency is a condition that occurs when a person doesn't get enough or can't absorb niacin or tryptophan. Most people in the developed world get plenty of niacin in their diets therefore deficiency is relatively uncommon. Niacin deficiency is more likely to be caused by problems that affect absorption of niacin or tryptophan, with the most common reason being alcoholism. Disorders of the digestive system which affect absorption of nutrients is another cause.

What does Vitamin B3 do?

Like all of the 8 B vitamins, niacin plays a role in converting carbohydrates into glucose, metabolising fats and proteins, and keeping the nervous system working properly. B-complex vitamins are needed for a healthy liver, healthy skin, hair, and eyes, and to help the nervous system function properly. Niacin also helps the body make sex- and stress-related hormones. It also helps improves circulation and cholesterol levels and has been shown to suppress inflammation.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) confirms that clear health benefits have been established for the dietary intake of Niacin (Vitamin B3) in contributing to:

normal energy-yielding metabolism

the normal function of the nervous system

the maintenance of normal skin and mucous membranes

normal psychological functions

the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.

Food Sources

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble vitamin and as such, it is unlikely to reach toxic levels. There is little danger of niacin toxicity when it is taken orally. Dosage of more than 2000 mg per day is known to cause side effects however this is extremely high and is unlikely to be consumed.

Symptoms of deficiency

Indigestion

Fatigue

Canker sores (ulcers)

Vomiting

Poor circulation

Depression

Severe deficiency is called Pellagra and is characterised by cracked, scaly skin, dementia, and diarrhea