Mean mathematics and science scale scores and specific mathematics skills of fall 1998 first-time kindergartners, by time of assessment and selected characteristics: Selected years, fall 1998 through spring 2004

Selected characteristic

Mathematics

Science

Mean scale score

Score gain, fall 1998 to spring 2004

Percentage of children with specific skills, fifth grade, spring 2004

Mean scale score

Score gain, spring 2002 to spring 2004

Kindergarten

First grade

Third grade, spring 2002

Fifth grade, spring 2004

Place value

Rate and measurement

Fractions

Third grade, spring 2002

Fifth grade, spring 2004

Fall 1998

Spring 1999

Fall 1999

Spring 2000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Total

23

(0.3)

34

(0.4)

41

(0.6)

58

(0.6)

93

(1.0)

114

(1.0)

91

(0.8)

77

(1.7)

46

(1.7)

15

(1.1)

46

(0.6)

58

(0.7)

13

(0.4)

Sex

Male

24

(0.4)

35

(0.5)

42

(0.8)

60

(0.9)

97

(1.1)

118

(1.1)

94

(1.0)

83

(1.9)

52

(2.0)

20

(1.6)

48

(0.6)

61

(0.7)

13

(0.4)

Female

23

(0.4)

33

(0.6)

40

(0.6)

57

(0.7)

89

(1.3)

110

(1.3)

88

(1.0)

72

(2.1)

40

(2.1)

11

(1.3)

43

(0.9)

55

(0.9)

12

(0.6)

Race/ethnicity

White

25

(0.3)

36

(0.5)

43

(0.5)

62

(0.7)

98

(0.8)

119

(0.8)

94

(0.7)

84

(1.3)

54

(1.5)

19

(1.3)

49

(0.7)

62

(0.5)

13

(0.5)

Black

19

(0.5)

28

(0.7)

33

(0.8)

49

(1.0)

78

(1.8)

99

(2.2)

80

(1.9)

55

(4.0)

19

(2.0)

3

(0.8)

35

(1.1)

47

(1.3)

12

(0.5)

Hispanic

22

(0.7)

32

(0.9)

39

(0.9)

56

(1.1)

93

(1.7)

112

(2.0)

90

(1.6)

77

(3.0)

42

(3.8)

12

(2.5)

43

(1.2)

56

(1.2)

13

(0.7)

Asian/Pacific Islander

23

(2.2)

32

(3.7)

41

(3.4)

56

(5.4)

88

(8.6)

116

(5.8)

93

(3.8)

75

(11.2)

47

(11.7)

18

(5.8)

43

(5.5)

58

(4.9)

15

(1.4)

Other

21

(2.8)

31

(2.9)

38

(3.9)

54

(3.2)

87

(8.6)

106

(8.1)

86

(5.6)

65

(14.1)

38

(10.1)

13

(5.3)

41

(4.4)

52

(5.3)

12

(1.1)

Parents' highest level of education1

Less than high school

16

(0.6)

24

(1.1)

29

(1.2)

44

(1.8)

71

(2.0)

90

(2.8)

74

(2.4)

40

(4.3)

13

(2.6)

2

(1.0)

34

(1.8)

43

(1.8)

9

(1.4)

High school

21

(0.6)

30

(0.7)

36

(0.9)

53

(1.2)

85

(1.6)

107

(1.7)

86

(1.2)

66

(3.0)

32

(2.4)

6

(1.2)

41

(1.2)

54

(1.2)

13

(0.4)

Some college

22

(0.4)

33

(0.6)

40

(0.7)

58

(0.8)

94

(1.3)

114

(1.2)

92

(1.0)

80

(2.1)

44

(2.3)

12

(1.6)

45

(0.7)

58

(0.8)

13

(0.5)

Bachelor's or higher

28

(0.8)

39

(0.8)

48

(1.0)

66

(1.1)

103

(1.3)

125

(1.3)

96

(1.1)

91

(1.5)

66

(2.6)

29

(2.8)

51

(1.0)

64

(0.8)

13

(0.5)

Socioeconomic status1

Lowest 20 percent

17

(0.5)

25

(0.7)

30

(0.9)

45

(1.2)

73

(1.6)

93

(2.1)

76

(1.7)

44

(3.3)

15

(1.5)

2

(0.7)

33

(1.1)

45

(1.2)

11

(0.8)

Middle 60 percent

23

(0.4)

33

(0.5)

40

(0.6)

58

(0.8)

93

(1.2)

114

(1.1)

91

(0.9)

78

(1.9)

44

(2.2)

12

(1.3)

45

(0.7)

58

(0.7)

13

(0.4)

Highest 20 percent

29

(0.9)

40

(1.0)

47

(1.3)

67

(1.4)

106

(1.2)

127

(1.1)

98

(1.0)

94

(0.8)

70

(2.6)

32

(3.4)

53

(1.0)

66

(0.7)

13

(0.7)

Number of family risk factors1,2

No risks

26

(0.4)

36

(0.5)

44

(0.7)

63

(0.8)

99

(0.9)

120

(0.9)

95

(0.8)

87

(1.4)

58

(1.8)

21

(1.5)

49

(0.7)

62

(0.6)

13

(0.4)

One risk

21

(0.4)

31

(0.7)

38

(0.8)

54

(0.9)

90

(1.4)

108

(1.2)

87

(0.9)

69

(2.2)

32

(2.3)

7

(1.0)

43

(0.8)

56

(0.9)

13

(0.7)

Two or more risks

18

(0.6)

26

(0.6)

31

(0.9)

47

(1.1)

75

(2.1)

96

(2.5)

78

(2.0)

49

(4.1)

19

(2.6)

4

(0.9)

34

(1.2)

45

(1.5)

11

(0.7)

Kindergarten program type

Half-day program

24

(0.4)

34

(0.5)

41

(0.6)

60

(0.7)

96

(0.9)

118

(0.8)

94

(0.7)

84

(1.3)

52

(1.7)

18

(1.5)

48

(0.7)

61

(0.5)

13

(0.5)

Full-day program

23

(0.6)

34

(0.7)

40

(1.0)

58

(1.1)

91

(1.8)

111

(1.7)

88

(1.3)

72

(2.6)

41

(2.8)

13

(1.5)

44

(1.1)

56

(1.1)

13

(0.4)

School type across all waves of the study

Public school all years

23

(0.4)

33

(0.5)

40

(0.6)

57

(0.7)

92

(1.3)

113

(1.2)

90

(0.9)

75

(1.9)

44

(1.9)

14

(1.2)

45

(0.8)

57

(0.8)

13

(0.4)

Private school all years

29

(0.9)

40

(1.1)

48

(1.3)

68

(1.6)

101

(1.8)

123

(1.6)

93

(1.0)

90

(2.3)

62

(3.6)

19

(3.1)

49

(1.1)

64

(1.0)

14

(0.5)

Change in school type during study

25

(1.3)

35

(1.7)

44

(2.2)

61

(2.3)

95

(2.9)

118

(2.9)

93

(2.1)

84

(4.0)

52

(5.2)

21

(4.2)

48

(2.1)

60

(1.9)

12

(1.2)

1 Status during kindergarten year. 2 Family risk factors included living below the federal poverty level, primary home language was not English, mother's highest education was less than a high school diploma/GED, and living in a single-parent household. Values range from 0 to 4.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates reflect the sample of children assessed in English in all assessment years. ECLS-K was not administered in 2000–01, when most of the children in the sample were in second grade. Most of the children were in first grade in 1999–2000, but 5 percent were in kindergarten or other grades (e.g., second grade, ungraded classrooms); most were in third grade in 2001–02, but 11 percent were in second grade or other grades (e.g., fourth grade, ungraded classrooms); most were in fifth grade in 2003–04, but 14 percent were in fourth grade or other grades (e.g., sixth grade). Mathematics scale ranges from 0 to 153. Science scale ranges from 0 to 92. Data were calculated using C1_6FC0 weight and therefore differ from previously published figures. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Standard errors appear in parentheses.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–99 (ECLS-K), Longitudinal Kindergarten–Third Grade Public-Use Data File, fall 1998, spring 1999, fall 1999, spring 2000, and spring 2002, and Fifth-Grade Restricted-Use Data File. (This table was prepared September 2006.)