What should producers know when it comes to selecting a protease enzyme to combat trypsin inhibitor? Hear what Raquel Araujo -Senior R&D Analyst, Novus International- said about this topic in the recent edition of IPPE 2020, in Atlanta, USA

I am from shrimp farming industry. Most of the farmers are using fermented soya in the feed. Trypsin inhibitor is one of the anti nutritional factor. Can we use any protease enzyme to counter this and which product is suitable for this purpose?Thank you

Dr. RAVI KUMAR AMERNENI Not all proteases are effective in hydrolyzing trypsin inhibitors. Some of them have low specificity for TIs, others are severely inhibited by TIs and hence are not effective. Cibenza DP100 is highly effective in hydrolyzing soybean TIs.

Morning, hello there. Very interesting discussion, thanks for illustrating us. I have a question for Mercedes and Juxing; your answers, reflections, I assumed, are considering enzymes addition in dry form. What would be the effect if we would spray proteases + phytases + NSPases, let´s say more or less during a short period of time, or even at the same time over the pellet? Any experience? Many thanks! All the best to everyone.

Sadaqat there are matrixes for NSP enzymes used by part of nutritionists/companies. In practice we use usually at least 2 enzymes: carbohydrase (xylanase and/or glucanase) and phytase. Then using matrix for phytase we add only ME uplift for cereals with carbohydrase ( eg.5-6% for wheat and/or 8% for barley).Other nutrients for carbohydrases are neglected.

Pirzado M Zakria Using "cocktail" of some enzymes there is not additive effect. As the general rule, NSP are calculated as 100% for energy, phytase 100% for minerals and protease 100% for protein/AA (I mean 100% as declared). Other effect of all enzymes are calculated partly or neglected (eg. AA for NSP or energy for phytase). This is not just simple adding. Each enzyme company have own research and recommendations.Pls ask your enzyme/premix supplier for details.

Raquel Araujo, interesting and coherent information. However, I would like to ask a question about the nature of the protein, specifically that of soy. It is known that the gastric digestion of soy protein, produces a series of peptides with an action of importance for the health of the animal, as an antioxidant, of increasing the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, among others. Thus it can be deduced that the protein source goes beyond the simple supply of amino acids. It turns out that when we replace one protein source with another, we simply rely on the amino acid composition. And when we analyze the results, we usually associate the differences in animal performance, the possible differences in the digestibility of amino acids. This reality also has implications when we use amino acid supplementation, reducing the protein source. In this context, how is the use of proteases? I will be reasoning correctly.

A work published in 2017 (Santos et al., 2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017.02.001 showed there is no additivity in the combination of phytase superdosing, xylanase and protease. Something to take into account when formulating diets and accept that having more enzymes in the formula does not mean they are going to work with the same efficiency. There is a nutrient limitation as key nutrients are digested first by the dominant enzyme leaving less space to work for other enzymes! So, it must to be accepted that working with enzymes does not mean 1+1+1 is 3!

Dear Gemma González Ortiz, yes your are right but we can get 1+1+1=3, if we supplement enzymes with their best, and the enzymes best is to provide enough room(substrate) to enzymes. Moreover, enzymes are meant to be cost saving with sustaining performance of birds. i suggest we should follow the bell shaped curve for enzymes. reducing the nutrient specs of feed, supplement the enzymes you will notice the 1+1+1 is 3 effect. Thanks

Thanks all for the good discussion.I would like to confirm a few points mentioned above:

Indeed exogenous Proteases do contribute to mitigate variability in quality from SBM (and protein sources) by improving aa digestibility and degrading Anti Nutritional Factors like Trypsin inhibitors and as well as lectin. True that the benefits are all the more important that digestibility of the amino acids of the raw material is suboptimal.As also mentioned previously, exogenous Proteases also contribute positively to Gastrointestinal Functionality by reducing the risk of development of enteric pathogens.

Furthermore, exogenous proteases have a proven compatibility and even clear additivity with other feed enzymes such as Phytases, Xylanases & Amylases.In a recent collaboration with Massey University, New Zealand, we at DSM have also observed synergistic effect on a.a. digestibility between DSM ProAct and DSM HiPhos:A.J.Cowieson, J.O.B.Sorbara, G.Pappenberger, M.R.Abdollah, V.Ravindran. Toward standardized amino acid matrices for exogenous phytase and protease in corn–soybean meal–based diets for broilers. Poultry Science. Available online 25 March 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.071

Amin Nahal In general, yes. However, as a nutritionist, the focus needs to be on the digestibility of Amino Acids (AA) and energy value (ME) of the protease in use. It will depend on many factors mainly related to the quality of SBM used in the diets and the formulation (AA/ME ratio!) and many other factors. I will recommend you reach out to one of the R&D team members at Novus International, and they will be very happy to help you. You can also start with the Novus representative/distributor in your Region/Country!

Guillaume Trepo, message of interest for understanding the matter at hand. However, with regard to the compatibility of the action of the protease with the different carbohydrates, exactly one of the ones that has the greatest action on the soy fiber, mannanase, was missing. The relevance of this detail is related to the fact that the fiber soybean, admittedly, has a negative effect on the swine microbiota. I believe that this enzyme may also be compatible with protease.