Visitors

Wednesday, July 18, 2012

Bollywood's Original Superstar Rajesh Khanna died in Mumbai on Wednesday 18 July 2012, in his 69 years, leaving behind memories cast in celluloid of that famous crooked smile and head tilt.It is a shocking news for the whole Country and the Film Industry. Rajash Khanna cracked 15th Hit Film in a row, he was precious for the whole country. Khanna was also a former Lok Sabha MP.

The veteran actor had been battling withhealth issues for a long time and was frequently admitted to hospital in the last few months. The prime Minister ManMohan Singh, Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi also expressed grief at the death of the first superstar of Bollywood.

Rajesh Khanna History

Rajesh Khanna born on 29 December 1942, Amritsar, Punjab, India. His first name was Jatin Khanna, in the beginning of his career Rajesh Khanna was referred to as "faaltu hero" because of his facial features, his eyes in particular, which were not liked by the aesthetes of the time. His flop debut, 'Aakhri Khat' (1966), seemed to prove that he was indeed not made for the screen. He was known as Kaka, RK, King of Romance, First Superstar of Indian Cinema.

Rajesh Khanna, the superstar of Indian Cinema, entered Hindi films in the latter half of the 1960s. He first tasted success with hit films like Baharoan Ke Sapne, Raaz and Aurat and he was appreciated for his performances in box office dud Aakhri Khat.Rajesh Khanna achieved overnight super-stardom with Shakti Samantha's 'Aradhana" (1969). His role in Khamoshi were greatly appreciated.He became the craze of the nation, and critics started calling him the First Superstar of both Indian Cinema (No. 1 Actor) and Hindi Films and remained so alone as the Superstar for 7 years (1969-1975) and had to share the status with Amitabh from 1977-1991 till he left films to join politics in 1991.

Anju Mahendru was his girl friend in 1967-1972, the then aspiring actress but they had breakup in 1972 when Anju was not ready for marriage and Khanna married his fan Dimple Kapadia, who was half his age in 1973, six months before Raj Kapoor's Bobby released in theaters. Khanna's pairing with Mumtaz always produced much success as they had all of their eight films together as major golden jubilee hits.His films with Sharmila Tagore, Asha Parekh and Zeenat Aman was a favorite with audiences too in 70's. From 1976 onwards till 1978, his films started flopping unexpectedly although his performances and the film's music were praised by critics and thereby his successful run at the box office ended. Khanna bounced back with Amardeep and then again started giving many critically acclaimed and commercially successful films starting from 1979 till 1991.K.Balaji , Tamil film actor and producer, wanted to establish himself in Hindi film industry as a producer and thereby wanted to remake his Tamil film Dheepam, which had starred Sivaji Ganeshan in the lead role, in Hindi. At a time when Khanna's films were not working at the box office, Khanna got this film out of the blue and went on to become a big hit.In the 80's his films opposite Tina Munim, Hema Malini, Shabana Azmi, Smita Patil and Poonam Dhillon were big hits. He produced three films and co-produced 3 films. He left film industry in 1991 and entered politics by joining the Congress Party in 1991 and became a member of parliament. He is still adored and fondly remembered by the masses. Songs from his films adorn the lips of youth and adolescents. He was the first mega-star and has left behind a storehouse of the finest moments in film history. Jatin Khanna, the first superstar of Indian and Hindi Cinema, was born on 29 December 1942 in Amritsar, Punjab, India. He was adopted by relatives of his biological parents. When Jatin took an interest in acting, his rich foster father disapproved, however, Jatin persisted and won the Filmfare Talent Contest in the early 1960s.His uncle advised him to replace his first name from Jatin to Rajesh while entering in film line. He made his debut in the off-beat 'Aakhri Khat' opposite Indrani Mukherjee, thus was born Rajesh Khanna. After dating for seven years with his girlfriend-costume designer, Anju Mahendru, Khanna broke up with her and got married to Dimple Kapadia in 1973. Subsequently he became the father of Twinkle, born in 1974 on the same date as he himself, who would later become actress in her own right. His second child, also a daughter, Rinke, was born on 29 June 1977, and also became an actress. Rajesh was the sole Superstar of Indian and Hindi Cinema from 1969-1976 but had a bad phase from 1976-78 and so has to share Superstar of Hindi Films status with Amitabh from 1977-1991. Khanna acted as the main lead hero from 1966 to 1991 till he the time he joined politics in 1991.In the period 1976-78 Khanna continued to act in many critically acclaimed movies but they failed at box office as violent movies, along with multi star films became popular. Khanna tasted success at box office again from 1979 till 1991. His married life came to an end with Dimple separating from Khanna in 1984. The same time, due to being constantly paired up opposite Khanna, Tina Munim fell in love with Khanna. Tina and Khanna were the top most romantic pair in the eighties. Tina decided to discontinue her film career in 1987 and thereby even their relation ended.Then again relation between Dimple and Khanna blossomed and they even did a film together Jai Shiv Shankar. Rajesh decided to join politics in early nineties and was elected Member of Parliament for a 5 year term from 1991 through to 1996 representing New Delhi as his constituency. He also starred in 3 movies during this period. He does continue to appear on the tinsel screen as the central character in few films post 1998.Rajesh played the main lead in two serials 'Ittefaque' and 'Apne Paraye' on television during 2001-02 and in Raghukul Reet Sada Chali Aayi in 2008-09.He was the winner of six Filmfare awards and was nominated for fourteen times.He holds the maximum number of BJFA awards for the best actor - four and was nominated for the same 25 times.

Spouse : Dimple Kapadia

(1973 - 1984) (separated) 2 children

Trivia : Hindi megastar

Father of actresses Twinkle Khanna and Rinke Khanna. Became a grandfather when Twinkle gave birth to a son, Araav in 2002 and then again in 2004 when Rinke gave birth to a daughter. He was adopted by his rich parents who were relatives of biological parents. Rajesh Khanna was Member of Parliament for New Delhi constituency from 1991-1996. He has been a Congress activist since 1990 and has campaigned for Congress party since 1984 at the insistence of Rajiv Gandhi. Enjoyed a godlike status in the period 1969-1976 with female fans writing letters in blood to him that is for eight years. The hysteria was unique and unseen before Khanna came into the film industry. Jeetendra and Rajesh Khanna studied as batch-mates in same school St. Sebastian Goan High School in Girgaum and went to Kishinchand Chellaram College for college. Khanna recommended actor Jeetandra to go into movies and even taught Jeetendra how to by heart and deliver lines in drama and films. Father-in-law of superstar Akshay Kumar. He is a life member of International Film And Television Research Centre and International Film And Television Club Of Asian Academy Of Film And Television. Known as the first Superstar of Hindi Cinema. He formed a great team with Singer Kishore Kumar and Music Director R D Burman and together they have given such songs which are immensely popular even today.Pancham composed music for 40 films of Rajesh Khanna and Kishore sang in 91 films for Khanna. The RD-Kishore- Rajesh Khanna combination worked in 32 films.

Rajesh Khanna holds record for most number of win for Best actor award in Bengal Film Journalist Association Awards (4 awards) and most number of nominations in BFJA awards (25 nominations) for Best Actor. He has won Filmfare Best Actor Awards for 3 times and was nominated for 14 times.

The pair Rajesh Khanna-Mumtaz holds the record for being the only romantic on screen pair in both Indian and Hindi Cinema to have had 100% success ratio at the box office. Rajesh Khanna has 8 blockbusters opposite Mumtaz.

Rajesh Khanna used to sit for music sessions with the music directors and singers for the films with him in lead role. He used to select the tune best suited for the film and used to give suggestions to the music directors.

Rajesh Khanna stood by the bad times of R.D.Burman in the late eighties and ensured producers of his films take R.D.Burman as the music director for his film. Even after death of Kishore Kumar, Rajesh Khanna worked with R.D.Burman till R.D's death. Similarly Khanna backed Kishore Kumar, during Kishore's lean phase as playback singer and insisted to producers and composers to make Kishore sing songs in his films.

Kishore Kumar and R.D.Burman were Rajesh Khanna's closest friends in the film industry. He always insisted on having Anand Bakshi as the lyricist of the songs in his films.

Highest paid Indian actor in 1970-1979 and shared the highest paid actor tag with Amitabh in 1980-1987 period.

Khanna has done 180 films in 40 years from 1966-2011. Of them 163 are feature films as an actor and 17 short films in other capacities.

Rajesh Khanna lent his voice to plays like Albert Camus' "Caligula", directed by Arun Kuckreja to mark in Delhi to mark Ruchika Theatre Group's 20th anniversary celebrations in February 1992.

Friday, July 6, 2012

Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to humans
by the bite of infected mosquitoes. Chikungunya virus is a member of
the genus Alphavirus, in the family Togaviridae. Chikungunya fever is
diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings (e.g., joint swelling),
laboratory testing, and the possibility of exposure to infected
mosquitoes. There is no specific treatment for chikungunya fever; care
is based on symptoms. Chikungunya infection is not usually fatal. Steps
to prevent infection with chikungunya virus include use of insect
repellent, protective clothing, and staying in areas with screens.

Causes:-
Chikungunya virus is indigenous to tropical Africa and Asia, where it
is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes, usually of
the genus Aedes. CHIK fever epidemics are sustained by
human-mosquito-human transmission. The word "chikungunya" is thought to
derive from description in local dialect of the contorted posture of
patients afflicted with the severe joint pain associated with this
disease. The main virus reservoirs are monkeys, but other species can
also be affected, including humans.

Prevention:-The
most effective means of prevention are those that protect against any
contact with the disease-carrying mosquitoes. These include using insect
repellents with substances like DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide; also
known as N,N'-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide or NNDB), icaridin (also known
as picaridin and KBR3023), PMD (p-menthane-3,8-diol, a substance derived
from the lemon eucalyptus tree), or IR3535. Wearing bite-proof long
sleeves and trousers (pants) also offers protection. In addition,
garments can be treated with pyrethroids, a class of insecticides that
often has repellent properties. Vaporized pyrethroids (for example in
mosquito coils) are also insect repellents. Securing screens on windows
and doors will help to keep mosquitoes out of the house. In the case of
the day active Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, however, this will
only have a limited effect, since many contacts between the vector and
the host occur outside. Thus, mosquito control is especially important.

First get rid of those dogs, then Dengue and Chikungunya will go away from Kerala.

Dengue
Fever is a Zoonosis, a disease occurring primarily in mammalian animals
that can be transmitted to humans. The viruses responsible for this
disease survive in nature as infections in animals; human infection is
not necessary for their survival. Dengue Fever is an Arboviral
infection, the viruses being transmitted by arthropod vectors such as
ticks. House dogs and street dogs are the common Animal Reservoir Hosts
to these viruses, as almost all of these animals are tick-affected. The
recent outbreaks of Dengue Fever in Kerala were exclusively caused by
the millions of dogs roaming the streets and in the houses. Otherwise
the healthy
and clean people of Kerala would not have succumbed this much easily to
this disease and this much frequently too. Actually, reports from
Kerala indicate that the State has been in the grip of dog-transmitted
diseases for long. Hundreds of people there are daily admitted to
hospitals following severe group attacks by dogs in the streets.

The recent outbreaks of Dengue Fever rendered health
services helpless, claimed hundreds of human lives and incapacitated
tens of thousands more. Everyone talked about mosquitoes, stagnant
pools, dirty canals and the like, but no one admitted the possibility of
these diseases being spread from dogs, lest it would be commented as
trivial. With this many dogs on the loose in streets and houses, there
may occur yet another outbreak of Dengue and Congo Fevers in Kerala
which would be fatal. The health authorities and dog lovers know this
but they fear revealing this for fear of retaliation from amorous dog
lovers. Chikungunya is a viral disease closely similar to Dengue fever
that recently swept through Africa, Asia, the Indian subcontinent,
Europe and America. As the African name denotes, it causes a contorted
and stooped appearance and may take years and decades for the patient to
get a slight relief. Full recovery is never. There is no treatment or
vaccine available for this disease. Victims are incapacitated and cannot
work or earn a living for many years. The destructing power of this
virus is such that it is considered as an ideal agent for future
biological weapons and warfare.

Chikungunya is an Arboviral
infection which need an animal reservoir host for the virus to survive
and thrive in nature. It will need an animal reservoir host or a primate
other than men to reside in and multiply for a time. Usually they are
monkeys and dogs. Outbreaks of this disease happened very recently and
very frequently too. Nothing especially happened in the environmental
conditions of the world which was why world health authorities could not
predict the coming of this disease. What they could not see clearly and
take into account was the number of dogs increasing inconceivably
everywhere. Or even if they knew, they were forced to remain silent
about it, knowing well the iron hand of dog-lovers, many of whom the
dignitaries who design and govern the modern world. Assuming all things
in the environment remained the same, and also given that the number of
some available animal host increased in the world considerably lately so
as to cause repeated massive outbreaks of this disease, we are forced
to believe that it was only the number of dogs in the world that
increased lately, due to nations one after another blindly passing laws
banning the killing of dogs. Even W.H.O. articles on Chikungunya
carefully remain vague about the role of the abundance of dogs in
bringing about this disease which is sweeping through almost all
continents. Some get a few minutes' pleasure from dogs and the world
pays too high a price for the pleasure to be justified.

Also
note that the orthodox Hindu Brahmins of India never allow dogs
anywhere near their home, temple or compound. They consider dogs
entering those places a profane act and breach of sanctity and
cleanliness. Where does all the drop-out hair of a house-dog go except
to the digestive and respiratory systems of the occupants of the house?
There are hundreds of other diseases spread by pet animals including
dogs. Nipah Virus, Lyme disease, Chagas disease, Q fever, Brucellosis,
Diphyllobothriasis, Ehrlichiosis, Pasteurellosis, Rickettsiae,
Rhinosporidiosis, Ringworm Salmonellosis, Strongyloidiasis, Yersiniosis,
Leptospirosis, Leishmaniasis, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis,
Echinococcosis, Coenuruses cerebralis. Coccidioido mycosis and
Giardiasis-theirs is a long list. The spreading of these diseases among
humans could have been totally avoided, had human society broken ties
with dogs.

Malaria fever prevention save from mosquito (female) bite. Clean your environment through sprays, mats and coils. Clean houses frome dirty waters. Dengue is a disease in humans caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes.
It usually occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world,
mainly in the cities and suburbs. This is the most important disease of
human viral timber, affecting 5 to 10 people per year (Gubler, 2000).
Dengue words are an attempt by the Spanish Swahili phrase ki Denga pepo,
which describes an attack like cramps.

The Viruses

Human dengue can be caused by four similar but closely related viruses of the family Flaviviridae.
Because viruses are defined based on serological responses, are called
dengue “Serotype” (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4). Four serotypes of
dengue are sufficiently different that the infection is a type does not
have immunity to infection in others, so people can be infected several
times (first infection is called primary, secondary after). There is some evidence that secondary
infections are more likely to develop a more severe manifestation of
the disease known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), through a mechanism
known as an improvement of employees (ADE), which means please, and
replication virus during secondary infection (Cummings et al. 2005).

Humans and other primates are the
only known vertebrate hosts of dengue infection naturally. Although the
location of the forest of dengue fever, which usually affects wild
primates are genetically different from strains endemic / epidemic
infecting humans in general, both groups may be infected or deformation.

The Vectors

The most important vector of dengue
and yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, but the tiger mosquito, Aedes
albopictus is also a competent vector and can act as a bridge vector of
arboviruses interhabitat (Lourenço de Oliveira et al. 2004).

Ae. aegypti mosquito is a medium
sized black with black and white striped legs and a silvery-white
lyre-shaped pattern of scales on the dorsal side of the chest (Figure
1). With roots in Africa, AE. aegypti is now a cosmopolitan area, which
extends from 30 degrees N to latitude 35 ° S. Before the arrival of Ae.
albopictus in North America in 1980, AE. aegypti mosquitoes
was a regular throughout the U.S. Southeast. Now occurs mainly in urban
areas in southern Florida, southern Louisiana and southern Texas, and
is sometimes found in neighboring countries and also in Arizona, where
conditions are generally too dry for the establishment of Ae. albopictus
populations.