Computer System

Introduction & Definitions
— Computer is an electronic device that is used to solve various

problems according to a set of instructions given to it
— A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format

Brief History of Computer
— The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613,

referring to a person who carried out calculations, or
computations, and word continued to be used in that sense until middle of 20th century
— From end of 19th century onwards though, word began to take on its more familiar meaning, describing a machine that carries out computations
— The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to different generations of computing devices
— Each generation of computer is characterized by a major
technological development that fundamentally changed way
computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices

Computer Generations
First Generation (1940-1956 )
— The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous,
taking up entire rooms
— They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions
— First generation computers relied on machine language,
lowest-level programming language understood by
computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve
one problem at a time

Computer Generations
First Generation (1940-1956 )
— Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts
— The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of firstgeneration computing devices — The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered
to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951

Computer Generations
Second Generation (1956-1963 )
— Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers
— The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see
widespread use in computers until the late 1950s
— The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energyefficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors
— Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast
improvement over the vacuum tube

machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which
allowed programmers to specify instructions in words
— High-level programming languages were also being
developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and
FORTRAN
— These were also the first computers that stored their
instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic
drum to magnetic core technology.

Computer Generations
Third Generation (1964 -1971)
— The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers
— Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers
— Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and
interfaced with an operating system
— which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory
— Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

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...Global distribution system
Internet Distribution SYSTEM
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As a result, Karyon enables you to increase revenue, improve guest loyalty, and reduce costs by centralizing and streamlining your operations while maximizing existing technology investments.
Our distribution relationships enable Karyon to use the software products internally and offer you robust and flexible services. These services and underlying technologies have been designed and developed to manage a wide and diverse range of lodging properties’ entire rate, availability, and booking information through one system – regardless of your property management system – while maintaining complete control of a variety of individual distribution channels.
Internet Distribution System ("IDS") connectivity encompasses hotel inventory distribution to hundreds of today's most popular Web sites and travel portals driven through our connections to alternate channels such as the Pegasus Online Distribution Database (“ODD”) (e.g. Travel Web, Hotwire, Expedia, etc.), and Hotel Booking Solutions Demand Partner Network (American Airlines Vacations, Group Travel Planet, Liberty/GoGo Travel, etc).
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...sometimes getting the information about the hotels that suit your budget and then getting bookings done.
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...* Introduction
Global Distribution System, GDS for short, is a worldwide computerized reservation network used as a single point of access for reserving airline seats, hotel rooms, rental cars, and other travel related items by travel agents, online reservation sites, and large corporations. GDS is also called automated reservation system (ARS) or computerized reservation system (CRS)
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/Global-Distribution-System-GDS.html
* History: from flight reservation to hospitality industry
At the very first, GDS were only used for the air travel reservations but as years passed by, GDS systems became more and more evolved. As a direct consequence to this fact, GDS has been widely used in hospitality industry nowadays.
The first major impact that GDS had on the travel market was that the number of flights was increased. This led to an increase of competition and therefore travel industry prices fell. Travel agencies were accustomed with receiving a fixed fee (usually 10%) from everything they managed to sell, so once the prices started to fall, they felt threatened with the loss of their earnings. In order to counter this, travel agencies began to offer complimentary products such as car rental, hotel and other related forms of accommodation, bus tickets, vacation packages, yacht rides and even flowers and champagne. This was the first major step that GDS being...