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Summary

Trusted by professors of the humanities survey course for over twenty years, CULTURE AND VALUES covers Western cultures along with important non-Western cultures, providing students solid, accessible introductions to art, music, philosophy, literature, and more. Available in two volumes, or as an alternate single volume without end-of-chapter readings, this text remains the most readable and reliable textbook for college and university students in the integrated humanities.

Table of Contents

The Early Renaissance

3

(42)

Toward the Renaissance

3

(1)

The First Phase: Masaccio, Ghiberti, and Brunelleschi

3

(1)

Voices of Their Times Fra Savonarola

4

(6)

The Medici Era

10

(7)

Cosimo de' Medici

11

(2)

Piero de' Medici

13

(2)

Lorenzo the Magnificent

15

(2)

Values Intellectual Synthesis

17

(6)

The Character of Renaissance Humanism

23

(3)

Pico della Mirandola

24

(1)

Printing Technology and the Spread of Humanism

25

(1)

Women and the Renaissance

25

(1)

Two Styles of Humanism

26

(2)

Machiavelli

26

(1)

Erasmus

26

(2)

Music in the Fifteenth Century

28

(1)

Guillaume Dufay

28

(1)

Music in Medici Florence

28

(1)

Summary

29

(1)

Key Terms

29

(1)

Pronunciation Guide

29

(1)

Exercises

30

(1)

Your Resources

30

(1)

Further Reading

30

(1)

Reading Selections

Pico della Mirandola: Oration on the Dignity of Man

30

(1)

Laura Cereta: Defense of the Liberal Instruction of Women and Against Women Who Disparage Learned Women

31

(3)

Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince

34

(2)

Desiderius Erasmus: The Praise of Folly

36

(9)

The High Renaissance in Italy

45

(32)

Popes and Patronage

45

(4)

Raphael

45

(1)

Michelangelo

46

(3)

Voices of Their Times Donna Vittoria and Michelangelo

49

(6)

The New Saint Peter's

53

(2)

The High Renaissance in Venice

55

(1)

Giorgione

55

(1)

Values Patronage

56

(3)

Titian

57

(1)

Tintoretto

57

(2)

Mannerism

59

(3)

Lavinia Fontana

61

(1)

Sofonisba Anguissola

61

(1)

Music in the Sixteenth Century

62

(3)

Music at the Papal Court

62

(1)

Venetian Music

63

(1)

Contrasting Renaissance Voices

63

(1)

Castiglione

63

(1)

Cellini

64

(1)

Summary

65

(1)

Key Terms

65

(1)

Pronunciation Guide

66

(1)

Exercises

66

(1)

Your Resources

66

(1)

Further Reading

66

(1)

Reading Selections

Baldassare Castiglione: The Courtier

67

(3)

Benvenuto Cellini: The Autobiography

70

(7)

The Renaissance in the North

77

(82)

The Reformation

78

(2)

Voices of Their Times Katherine Zell

80

(3)

Causes of the Reformation

80

(1)

Renaissance Humanism and the Reformation

81

(2)

Values Reform

83

(2)

Cultural Significance of the Reformation

83

(2)

Intellectual Developments

85

(2)

Montaigne's Essays

85

(1)

The Growth of Science

85

(2)

The Visual Arts in Northern Europe

87

(4)

Painting in Germany: Durer, Grunewald, Altdorfer

87

(4)

Painting in the Netherlands: Bosch and Bruegel

91

(4)

Art and Architecture in France

95

(1)

Art in Elizabethan England

96

(3)

Music of the Northern Renaissance

99

(2)

Music in France and Germany

99

(1)

Elizabethan Music

100

(1)

English Literature: Shakespeare

101

(3)

Summary

104

(1)

Key Terms

105

(1)

Pronunciation Guide

106

(1)

Exercises

106

(1)

Your Resources

106

(1)

Further Reading

106

(1)

Reading Selections

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne: Of Cannibals

107

(4)

Martin Luther: Enchiridion

111

(1)

The Ten Commandments

112

(1)

The Creed

113

(1)

The Lord's Prayer

114

(1)

The Sacrament of Holy Communion

115

(1)

Confession and Absolution

115

(1)

The Sacrament of the Altar

116

(1)

Morning and Evening Prayers

116

(1)

Grace at Table

116

(1)

Table of Duties

117

(1)

William Shakespeare: Hamlet, Prince of Denmark

118

(41)

The Baroque World

159

(62)

The Counter-Reformation Spirit

159

(2)

The Visual Arts in the Baroque Period

161

(7)

Painting in Rome: Caravaggio and the Carracci

161

(4)

Roman Baroque Sculpture and Architecture: Bernini and Borromini

165

(3)

Baroque Art in France and Spain

168

(7)

Baroque Art in Northern Europe

175

(2)

Voices of Their Times Giambattista Passeri

177

(6)

Baroque Music

183

(5)

The Birth of Opera

184

(1)

Baroque Instrumental and Vocal Music: Johann Sebastian Bach

185

(3)

Philosophy and Science in the Baroque Period

188

(2)

Galileo

188

(1)

Descartes

189

(1)

Values Scientific Truth

190

(2)

Hobbes and Locke

191

(1)

Literature in the Seventeenth Century

192

(3)

French Baroque Comedy and Tragedy

192

(1)

The Novel in Spain: Cervantes

192

(1)

The English Metaphysical Poets

193

(1)

Milton's Heroic Vision

194

(1)

Summary

195

(1)

Key Terms

196

(1)

Pronunciation Guide

196

(1)

Exercises

197

(1)

Your Resources

197

(1)

Further Reading

197

(1)

Reading Selections

Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan

198

(1)

John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Book I

199

(2)

Richard Crashaw: On the Wounds of Our Crucified Lord

201

(1)

John Donne: The Canonization

201

(1)

Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin): Tartuffe, Act III

201

(4)

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra: The Adventures of Don Quixote: Part II, Chapters 10 and 11

205

(5)

John Milton: Paradise Lost, Book I

210

(11)

The Eighteenth Century: From Rococo to Revolution

221

(50)

Age of Diversity

221

(1)

The Visual Arts in the Eighteenth Century

222

(10)

The Rococo Style

222

(6)

Neo-Classical Art

228

(4)

Classical Music

232

(6)

The Classical Symphony

234

(2)

Haydn

236

(1)

Mozart

236

(2)

Literature in the Eighteenth Century

238

(1)

Intellectual Developments

238

(1)

Voices of Their Times Horace Walpole

239

(4)

The Late Eighteenth Century: Time of Revolution

243

(2)

Values Revolution

245

(1)

Summary

246

(1)

Key Terms

247

(1)

Pronunciation Guide

248

(1)

Exercises

248

(1)

Your Resources

248

(1)

Further Reading

248

(1)

Reading Selections

Alexander Pope: Essay on Man, Epistle I

249

(2)

Jonathan Swift: A Modest Proposal

251

(3)

Jean Jacques Rousseau: Emile

254

(2)

Voltaire: Candide or Optimism

256

(15)

The Romantic Era

271

(56)

The Concerns of Romanticism

271

(1)

The Intellectual Background

272

(3)

Music in the Romantic Era

275

(9)

Beethoven

275

(3)

Instrumental Music after Beethoven

278

(1)

The Age of the Virtuosos

279

(1)

Musical Nationalism

280

(1)

Opera in Italy: Verdi

280

(1)

Opera in Germany: Wagner

281

(3)

Romantic Art

284

(10)

Painting at the Turn of the Century: Goya

284

(2)

Painting and Architecture in France: Romantics and Realists

286

(6)

Painting in Germany and England

292

(2)

Literature in the Nineteenth Century

294

(4)

Goethe

294

(1)

Romantic Poetry

295

(1)

The Novel

296

(2)

Voices of Their Times Isabella Bird Meets a Mountain Man

298

(1)

The Romantic Era in America

299

(2)

American Literature

300

(1)

Values Nationalism

301

(3)

American Painting

302

(2)

Summary

304

(3)

Key Terms

307

(1)

Pronunciation Guide

307

(1)

Your Resources

308

(1)

Exercises

308

(1)

Further Reading

308

(1)

Reading Selections

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: The Communist Manifesto

308

(2)

William Wordsworth: Tintern Abbey

310

(1)

Percy Bysshe Shelley: Two Poems

311

(1)

John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale

312

(1)

Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist

312

(4)

Leo Tolstoy: The Three Hermits

316

(2)

Edgar Allan Poe: The Oval Portrait

318

(1)

Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass, Five Poems from Songs of Parting

319

(3)

Emily Dickinson: Six Poems

322

(5)

Toward the Modern Era: 1870--1914

327

(40)

The Growing Unrest

327

(2)

New Movements in the Visual Arts

329

(16)

Impressionism

330

(6)

Post-Impressionism

336

(4)

Fauvism and Expressionism

340

(5)

New Styles in Music

345

(1)

Orchestral Music at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century

345

(1)

Values Colonialism

346

(2)

Voices of Their Times Gustav Mahler

348

(4)

Impressionism in Music

349

(1)

The Search for a New Musical Language

350

(2)

New Subjects for Literature

352

(2)

Psychological Insights in the Novel

352

(1)

Responses to a Changing Society: The Role of Women

353

(1)

Summary

354

(1)

Key Terms

355

(1)

Pronunciation Guide

356

(1)

Exercises

356

(1)

Your Resources

356

(1)

Further Reading

356

(1)

Reading Selections

Anton Chekhov: The Bet

357

(2)

Henrik Ibsen: A Doll's House, Act III

359

(3)

Kate Chopin: The Story of an Hour

362

(5)

India, China, and Japan: From the Medieval to the Modern World

367

(28)

India: From Mughal Conquest to British Rule

367

(1)

The Mughal Empire

367

(4)

Mughal Art

367

(3)

The End of Mughal Rule and the Arrival of the British

370

(1)

The Rise of Nationalism

371

(1)

Chinese Culture under Imperial Rule

371

(4)

The Arts under the Ming Dynasty

372

(3)

Voices of Their Times The Emperor of China Studies Western Mathematics