According to the text, all the following events increase support for the death penalty except

The Vietnam war

Which of the following is not a characteristic of public opinion in the United States

Governments to not tend to respond to public opinion

When the Supreme Court declared state application of the death penalty unconstitutional in 1972

Most states rewrote their laws to just to the court specific concerns

As public approval of the death penalty increased, and 1976 the Supreme Court

Overturned its previous decision restricting the states use of the death penalty

There have been over _____ executions in the United States since the Supreme Court's critical rulings in the 1970s

1200

Who is likely to oppose the death penalty?

Democrats, African-Americans, and liberals

The basic definition of public opinion is

The collective attitudes of citizens on a given issue or question

Since 1973, over _____ death row inmates have been exonerated of the crimes by new evidence such as DNA testing

210

Overwhelmingly favors the death penalty for murder, they were only ____ executions in 2011 despite the fact that over 16,000 murders occurred that year

43

The only state that still permits the firing squad as a possible form of execution is

Oklahoma

The most notable failure of Gallup poll in predicting presidential elections came in _____, when the predicted Thomas do we would defeat Harry Truman

1948

Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the

1950s

Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion would play according to the majoritarian model of

Government should do the majority of the public wants

Suppose the people held clear, consistent opinions on a policy, and the government moved swiftly to enact that policy into law. This would be consistent with

Majoritarian model

The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, political facts, And forms political values is called

Political socialization

The major agents of early socialization in the United States

Family, school, community, and peers

Children are likely to adopt the parents party identification when

Both parents strongly identify with the same party

Overall, ______ of young American voters identity with the political party of their parents

About 3/4

As parental and school influences wane in adulthood, ______ emerge as more important socialization agents

Adult peer groups and current presidents

A respondent who agrees with the statement, "By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values

Freedom over order

An individual who agrees that by law, abortion should never be permitted and also that government should see to it that every person has a job and a good standard of living, would be a(n)

Communitarian

As a general trend, college educated individuals are more likely to choose

Freedom over social order

As a general trend, Americans with less education are more likely to

Choose the quality over freedom

A libertarian is more likely to exhibit the characteristics of

High income and high education

In the presidential election since 1968, the South has tended to vote

For Republican candidates

Which of the following statements concerning Latinos is incorrect?

Latinos are a racial group

The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to

Identify more with the Democratic Party the men do￼

Which of the following statements concerning gender and political believes is incorrect

Women are more likely to favor going to war

The set of values and beliefs they person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called

Political ideology

In the current American context, and liberal would tend to promote

Economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order

In the current American context, communitarian would tend to promote

Both order and quality over freedom

In the 2008 election survey, respondents were asked whether abortion should be outlawed by government or a matter of personal choice, and whether government should guarantee people a job and a good standard of living or people should get ahead on their own. People's responses to the two questions

Demonstrated that the value choices cannot be explained by a one dimensional liberal-conservative continuum

According to the text, 51% of men making more than $100,000 are best classified as

Libertarians

According to a 2010 survey, respondents guessed that ______ percent of the federal budget goes to foreign aid

21%

Mental shortcuts that require hardly any information are called

Heuristics

The traditional division of mass media into ____ has been made problematic on the Internet

Print and broadcast

The Internet was started

In 1969, with support from the US department of defense

Between 2006 and 2010, newspaper advertising revenues

Dropped 48%

_____ are more likely to be Internet users than ____.

Whites and Latinos; African-Americans

Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry

Dependent on advertising revenues

In media analysis in 2011 found that _____ were/was particularly devoted to election coverage

Cable TV

Which of the following television networks is currently owned by the Walt Disney Company?

ABC

What are the five members of the Federal Communications Commission

Are appointed by the president

Regarding the Internet, Federal Communications Commission

Does not have jurisdiction to regulate Internet content

The telecommunications act of 1996

Relaxed of the rules governing media ownership

The current database about "net neutrality" concerns whether

ISPs should be allowed to charge people more if they consume a large amount of bandwidth

The _____ prohibits Congress from abridging the freedom of the press

First amendment

The responsible exes rule required

Broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues

The now-abolished _____ obligated broadcasters to discuss public issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions and those issues

Fairness doctrine

Which president first provide space in the White House for reporters

Theodore Roosevelt

The phrase "on background "means the media are permitted to

Anonymously "material without identifying the source

The phrase "off the record "means that media

Are not allowed to print the information

The term ____ refers to the tendency of journalist to adopt similar viewpoints toward news simply because they hang around together

Pack journalism

The media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which event to report and how to report them are known as

Gatekeepers

During the presidential election, the tendency of journalist to limit coverage of campaign events to coverage of the candidate who leads in the polls at the time is known as

Horse race journalism

The "television hypothesis" is the belief that television

Is to blame for the low level of citizens knowledge about public affairs

Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence and politics is it ability to

Set the political agenda

When the president travels around the country speaking to Americans directly about his policy agenda, the president is attempting to generate media coverage of the speaking event and motivate citizens to pressure the respondents to support the president's agenda. This is known as

Going public

Crime rates of fallen in every major category including rape, burglary, robbery, assault, and murder since the 1980s, but is one journalist said, "crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's ____."

Economically driven

Available evidence seems to indicate that there are _____ among journalists and reporters

Liberal learnings

Available evidence seems to indicate that there are _______ among editors and owners of major news media

Conservative learnings

The endorsed Barack Obama for president in 2008, the first Democrat for president the paper had ever endorsed and it's 162 year history

The Chicago Tribune

Which of the following statements is most accurate about media

The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality

Representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of

Order

Multiple demonstrations by Jipson woman in December 2011 where waged in order to protest

Public hearings of women by Junction soldiers and forced virginity test on female prisoners

Before the collapse of communism, the former Soviet Union did not function as a democracy because

There was only one political party

The text defined _____ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government politics

Political participation

Which of the following is an unconventional form of political participation?

Chanting slogans outside of public officials windows

Well terrorism is an unconventional political action, it is generally not counted as political participation because

Terrorists do not seek to influence government but to attack it

Which is not true about unconventional participation

It consists of relatively routine behavior that uses established institutions of representative government

All of the following are regarded in the text as examples of unconventional participation except

Which of the following was the first non-active unconventional participation in America?

The Boston tea party

Political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because

It is easier to collect data unconventional practices and they are biased towards institutionalized, or conventional, politics

Direct action includes

The citizens group of hearing before the city Council seeking change in an ordinance

Some study show that direct political action appeals most to those who _____ the political system and have a _____ sense of political efficiency.

Distrust; strong

A practical test of whether or not a government is democratic is whether

Citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions

Americans are less likely to ____ thancitizens of other countries

Join demonstrations

Flying the American flag on holidays is an example of _____ behavior

Supportive

Petitioning a local government counsel to rebuild a curb in front of your home is a

Example of seeking particular benefits

Studies of Americans who engage in "contacting behavior," like complaining to city hall find

They are not more likely to engage in other forms of political activity

Americans contributing money to the candidates campaign is best defined as a form of

Influencing behavior

Which of the following activities requires the most initiative

Mowing? Running for office? Working on the campaign? Contacting an elected official? Signing a petition?

Answer: running for office

A legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances is also known as

Class action suit

The text to find suffrage and franchise as the right to

Vote

Which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through mass suffrage

United States

The framers of the Constitution left the issue of vote enfranchisement

The states

Which of the following qualifications for voting was virtually illuminated in all states by the 1850s

Property ownership

The ______ to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote "account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

15th amendment

The purpose of literary tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 was to

Discouraged African-Americans from voting

In the Smith versus Allwrite, the Supreme Court found is(are) unconstitutional

Preventing blacks from voting in primary elections

Women were first given the right to vote

Wyoming

The amendment granting women suffrage is the

19th amendment

The amendment lowering the voting age to 18 is the

26th amendment

Compared with other nations in the world and granting suffrage to women, the United States

Was among the first

Which nation did not extend the vote on equal terms with men until 1971

Switzerland

A direct primary is

Preliminary election to choose party candidates

Which statements concerning recall is incorrect

21 state governors have been unseeded through recall

Most referenda are placed on the ballot by

Legislatures

The typical procedure for initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of ______ of the number of registered voters in the state

5 to 10%

The last governor recalled from office was governor

Gray Davis California

One recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that

They create an expensive "industry" designed around calculating petitions and spending millions

Any local level, voters elect about _____ 13,800 school districts across the nation

95%

Although the United States has much slower voter turnout then do other democracies, Americans may actually work harder at being good citizens because

The United States have far more elections then do other countries

The standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to

Education, income and occupation

Voting in the United States decreased during the 1970s and 1980s. Other forms of participation

Increased or remain stable

Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are

Low education, low income, and being relatively young

In general today, women politically participate

About the same as men

How does education affect voter turnout?

Well-educated people are more likely to vote then are there less-educated counterparts

The effects of the 26th amendment, which enfranchised 18 to 20 year old, was to

Reduce the national voter turnout for rate

Which of the following forms of political participation in our American least likely to engage in, according to a 2008 survey

Attending political meetings

The country with the lowest voter turnout among eligible voters in national elections is

The United States

In nearly every other democratic country, the burden of registration is placed on

The government

Today, _____ states allow voters to both register and vote on the day of the election

Nine

In Oregon, everyone votes by

Mail

Voter turnout was computed on the basis of registered voters, about ____ of Americans vote

80%

In 2001 to 2002, over 42% of registrations for voting we're done through

Motor-voter provisions

Into thousand nine study showed that half of all voters are unaware that they can

Register at motor vehicle offices

The American emphasis on freedom over a quality and political participation works to the benefit of

Those with greater resources

During the Vietnam War, protesting students on college campuses

Stop traffic, destroyed property, and occupied buildings

Which means of political participation serves the ideal of equality better than any other?

Voting in elections

Congress in the states move quickly to pass the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18, because they

Hope to channel student energy away from demonstrations and towards more conventional forms of participation

Someone who asserts that elections "socialize political activity" is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain

Governments ability

Elections, as an institutional mechanism

Bolster the power and authority of the state

The majoritarian model of democracy favors

Voting is the primary means of participation

Activists identified with the tea party movement are associated with which of the following demand?

Reduce government spending

Studies in the 2010 midterm elections found that

Tea party endorsements counted more in primary elections then in general elections

Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties

Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones

Most democratic theorists agree that a modern nationstate cannot practice democracy without

At least two political parties regularly contesting elections

The ____ is not a national political party because it does not nominate it's own candidates

Tea Party

What most distinguishes political parties from interest groups like the AFL-CIO and the national Association of Manufacturers is that

Interest groups do not nominate candidates to run as their Avowed representatives

Suppose the United States abolishes political parties. Voters with then

Not face candidates vetted by political parties for the equality. Probably confront more candidates from which to choose. Be more unpredictable in their voting choices. Face more pressure to vote on the basis of personal friendships, celebrity status or name recognition

Where in the Constitution our political parties discussed

No where

Those that support the new constitution were called _____, and those who opposed it were called _____.

Federalists; antifederalists

Who was the leader of the Federalists

Alexander Hamilton

The early Republicans, also known as the Democratic Republicans, were led by

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington, generally considered sympathetic to the Federalist party, felt that political factions

Had negative effects on democracy

The origins of today's Democratic Party is generally trace to the election of Andrew Jackson in

1828

The Republican Party was established in response to the issue of

Slavery

The presidential elections of 1860, 1896, 1932 are considered ______ because those elections marked a shower change in the existing patterns of party loyalty among groups of those

Critical elections

Which event helped to shape the partisan patterns of the north and south for nearly a century

The Civil War

From 1818 1920, no republican president candidate

Carried any state from the former confederacy

All of the following were considered part of the "Roosevelt coalition" except

African-Americans

Since the president two-party system was established, how many minor party candidates have been elected to the presidency

Zero

George Wallace is American independence party in 1968 could be considered an example of the formation of a

Bolter party

The People's party, or populist party, could at least bread that it was the first third party since 1860 to

When any electoral votes

The best Socialist party has ever done in America was to capture 6% of the vote in the election of

1912

Third parties were original policy advocates for

Female suffrage, the graduated income tax, and direct election of Senators

Surveys show today that approximately _____ of the American population today think that the United States needs a third-party

Over half

One of the most convincing! For the two-party system in the United States lies in its use of

Single winner is chosen by a simple plurality of voters

Which of the following have not encouraged the dominance of Democratic and Republican of the nations two major parties

The use of proportional representation to dispute electoral college votes

The presidency supports the two-party system because

The presidency is a big enough political prize to induce parties to Harbor uncomfortable coalitions of voters just to win the electoral vote and the presidential election

Which statement about American political parties is false

Independents outnumber Democratic Party in Republican Party identifiers, combined, in the US electorate

According to a 2012 survey in the text, which of the following individuals is most likely to identify as a Republican

Earnings between 75,000- 99,999, college degree, male, age between 42 to 53

The south still cast many votes for Democrats because of the high proportion of

African-Americans

Who said, "I am not a member of any organized political party— I am a Democrat."

Will Rogers

Company… In the 2012 party convention platforms found the Republicans were more likely to mention the words _____ where is Democrats were more likely to mention the word_____

Freedom; equality

During the 1970s the Republican Party undertook

Extensive organizational reforms to make it more effective in raising money and providing better support candidates

Party machines— centralize party organizations at the local level that dominated politics by controlling local elections— declined because

Government began to provide the social services that have been the basis of popular loyalty and support for the machines

The most distinguishing feature of American political parties has always been the absence of

Centralized power

Which of the following principles is not part of the responsible party government model

Legislators should be responsive to their constituencies even if doing so means voting against their parties program

Today American political parties

Now exist mainly to provide services or funds to their candidates

Primary elections in which voters need not to clear their party affiliation can choose either parties preliminary ballot are known as

Open primaries

The primary election in which voters must declare their party affiliation before they are given the primary ballot is

Closed primary

A state moves its primary to an earlier date to encourage presidential candidates who would otherwise have skipped that state to campaigning there. This is known as

Front loading

A method of delegates selection that begins with local meetings and cumulates in a state convention is also known as the

Cactus method

The New Hampshire presidential primary gathers the lions share of political immediate attention because

The New Hampshire primary is the first one to occur each election year

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the 2012 Republican presidential nomination

While Mitt Romney receive my delegates, Rick Santorum actually captured a greater number of popular votes

There are a total of _____ votes in an electoral college

538

Each state has one vote in the electro college for

Each of its representatives and senators

The amendment awarding three electro votes to Washington, DC is the

23rd amendment

The number of electoral votes needed to win the presidency

Is 270

No presidential candidate receives a majority of electoral college votes, the election is decided by

The House of Representatives

Into thousand, Republican George W. Bush won the presidency despite

Receiving fewer popular votes than Al Gore

Which of the following arguments is not been raised as a defense of the electoral college

Historically, polls show public opinion in favor of keeping it

A voter who voted for a Republican for a senator and Barack Obama for president in 2012

Voted a split ticket

The current limit for individual contributions to a candidate in an election, as of 2011 to 2012, is

$2500

The current limit for PAC contributions to candidates in an election is

$5000

"Independent expenditures only political committees" are a legal term by the federal elections committee more commonly referred to as

Super PACs

Beginning in 2010, corporations were freezer fun ads directly to advocating a candidate selection, due to the US Supreme Court's decision

Citizens United versus federal election commission

Nonparty groups that engage in campaign advertising after 2007, but to not have to disclose their donors, are known as

501(c)4 social welfare organizations

Which of the following statements is not true concerning super PACs

They do not have to disclose their individual donors

2008 presidential election

John McCain excepted public funds, but Barack Obama did not

Early studies of super PAC ads during the 2012 Republican nomination found that they

Spent over 70% of their money and negative attacking other candidates

The first objective of campaign advertising is to

Ensure that the candidate has a high level of name recognition among voters

National survey in January 2012 found that people were most likely to say that they "learn something" about the presidential campaign or candidates from

Cable news

Voter who determines which candidate he or she will vote for very early in the campaign most likely has based that decision on

The candidates stand on a particular issue of importance

Studies of the party identification and ideological orientation of voters show that

Motors tend to identify with the party that most reflects their ideological orientation

Which of the following would be most consistent with the Plerlist model of government