“The Scotland Bill is a series of missed opportunities. It could have given the Scottish Parliament powers over employment law and trade unions, or all of social security – protecting people in Scotland from UK Government policies.”

Swinney signed up to the Smith Commission along with every other party last year.

Yesterday, he complained the resulting Bill holds back Holyrood’s “limited new power” and retains vetoes for UK ministers.

Swinney said: “Without a framework that is fair to Scotland, the Scottish Government will not recommend that Parliament approves the Scotland Bill. I would have no hesitation to refuse to recommend a Bill that did not properly allow us to address our own priorities.”

MSPs voted 105 to 13 to send a clear message to Westminster that the Scotland Bill falls short.

Labour’s Claire Baker said: “As things stand at the moment, the Scotland Bill in its current format doesn’t meet our expectations. It needs to be stronger, it needs to be more reflective of the agreement from the Smith Commission. That it isn’t is disappointing.”

But Annabel Goldie, the former Scottish Tory leader who sat on the Smith Commission, said it’s time to move on.

She said: “The real debate in Scotland has now moved beyond the constitution. We cannot be hog-tied and pulled back by the separatists on a question answered a year ago and we cannot get bogged down in the separatist neverendum.

“Their efforts to stay stuck in the past are pulling Scotland down and holding Scotland back, and instead of remaining divided over the constitution we should be united about forging a new Scotland.”