The foundations of the religion of Islam. They are: 1. attesting to the Divine unity (la ilāha illā Llāh, "There is no god but God"); 2. performing the ritual prayer (ṣalāt) five times daily; 3. paying the annual tithe (zakāt) on one’s wealth and possessions; 4. fasting (ṣawm) during the month of Ramadan; and 5. performing the pilgrimage (ḥājj) to Mecca, if health and wealth permit.