“These data provide the first opportunity to understand the extent to which LGBT people in the U.S. experience some aspects of food insecurity and use food stamps,” said demographer Gary J. Gates, who authored the study. “The farm bill Congress passed yesterday cut food stamps, and we now know that LGBT communities will be disproportionately affected by that legislation.”

LGBT people experience disproportionate levels of food insecurity and higher participation rates in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (the food stamp program), especially those raising children, a risk that persists despite possible differences in demographic characteristics between LGBT and non-LGBT individuals like gender, age, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment, according to the institute. For example, a release reads, “data suggest that same-sex couples raising children are approximately twice as likely to receive food stamps as different-sex couples with children.”

What is “food insecurity”? According to the study, it’s “generally defined as having limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways.”

The study reveals:

Notably, bisexuals along with LBT women and people of color are particularly vulnerable to high rates of food insecurity and SNAP participation. One in four bisexuals (25 percent) receive food stamps; 34 percent of LBT women were food insecure in the last year; and LGBT African Americans, Native Americans, and Native Hawaiians experienced food insecurity in the last year at rates of 37 percent, 55 percent, and 78 percent respectively.

Here are some of its key findings:

More than one in five LGB adults aged 18 to 44 used food stamps in the past year.

More than one in eight same-sex couples used food stamps in the past year.

More than one in four same-sex couples raising biological, adopted, or step children under age 18 used food stamps.

Rates of food insecurity are higher for LGBT adults when compared to heterosexual adults across several national surveys, and across gender, age, racial/ethnic, and education level groups. After taking these factors into account:

○ LGBT adults are 1.7 times more likely than non-LGBT adults to not have had enough money to feed themselves or their family in the past year.

○ LGB adults aged 18 to 44 are 1.3 times more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to receive food stamps.

○ Same-sex couples are 1.7 times more likely than different-sex couples to receive food stamps.

○ LGB adults aged 18 to 44 raising children are 1.8 times more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to receive food stamps.

○ Same-sex couples raising biological, adopted, or step children under age 18 are 2.1 times more likely than comparable different-sex couples to receive food stamps.