Personally, I don't accept any level of resolution that would change the detail with any change of registration. By my standard, real resolution requires 6 pixels per line pair, or 3 pixels per line width. Anything much less is distortion; not resolution.

In sampling theory, there is no restriction on registration or phase. As long as the Nyquist criterion is met the image at the focal plane can be reconstructed exactly. You're saying that Nyquist was off by a factor of 3?

Note the necessity of
reconstruction
for sampling to work as expected, without distortion. A 2x up-sample is usually good enough.