1 arn informed by good authority that the railroad
running fiom El Paso to Casas Grandes is going to be extended to the river, Piedras Verde, on to the Sierra Madre Mountains on which we are located and will open up rnany valuable locaiities for...

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Chapter 1
Introduction – Nature of the Problem
It is well known that students go through what is commonly referred to as “the
fourth grade slump.” Research presented by Hall, Sabey, & McClellan (2005) and Fang
(2008) has shown that this “slump”...

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and apply comprehension strategies on their own during reading, therefore making the
text more meaningful.
Instruction in reading expository text must be planned and well thought out to
promote student thought throughout the reading to result in...

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In the math classroom, the student with a specific learning disability in reading may have little difficulty with calculation fluency but is likely to struggle with problems relying on reading comprehension, such as story problems (Jordan,...

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the new core standards while also using specific grammar, punctuation, phrases and clauses as required by the Core Curriculum State Standards. (Please see definitions for specifics.)
Setting
The setting for this study is in a regular 9th grade...

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Limited early exposure is a factor that can easily be remedied by all teachers.
Children need to experience expository texts through seeing, hearing, reading, and
writing, prior to when they are expected to comprehend the material within the...

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(2007) attempted to help second grade students assimilate the new information they
learned by utilizing Talking Drawings. In this study, students were asked to draw a
picture of the topic prior to the lesson. Many of the drawings depicted...

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literacy has been studied for better understanding and practice but there has not been as much attention to those adolescents who still struggle with content-area reading.
One particular study by Denton, Wexler, Vaughn, and Bryan (2008) was...

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ELLs as well as on EO students. As they set forth with different reading components, their study did confirm that the implementation of the vocabulary intervention in the mainstream classroom positively influenced both ELLs and EO students...

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Researchers from the Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA) examined the levels of academic achievement by comparing how 14 different states set proficiency levels for both math and reading tests. The researchers determined that what is...

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Another suggestion to activate interest and increase students’ vocabulary about a
specific topic is through the use of informational alphabet books (Yopp & Yopp, 2000).
Prior to studying a specific topic, the teacher will have students...

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Other vocabulary programs are available, but not many have been carefully researched and approved. “Few independent research studies have been conducted on popular commercial reading programs, but the use of such programs in secondary schools is...

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get an idea about the topic. The students, using the pictures as guides, make predictions
about the text and its contents. Just as picture walks are associated with narrative text,
text feature walks should be associated with expository text...

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need to be developed so that they provide new ways to assess the non-cognitive skills that students need to succeed in college and in the workplace.
Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA) proposes that a growth-based evaluation be included into...

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With regard to reading, basic oral English language vocabulary is not enough to help ELLs succeed academically. They may read and speak fluently but if they do not have the breadth and depth of the vocabulary, they struggle. They need to see...

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Chapter 3
Methodology
As Lesaux, Kieffer, Faller, and Kelly (2010) pointed out, “Despite the importance of vocabulary knowledge for older readers and its role in the academic difficulties of many learners, it is rarely an emphasis in middle...