I grew up spice phobic, but my taste buds have evolved and now I’ve been known to sprinkle Urfa red pepper on buttered toast. The Kitchn blog collected a list of DIY African spice mixes, for making everything from Ras el Hanout to Dukkah.

If you have a well-stocked spice rack, you likely have almost all the components to make these mixtures on your own. With a spice grinder and the recipes below, you can easily bring the flavors of Morocco, Ethiopia, Egypt and Tunisia into your kitchen. Once made, these mixtures can be rubbed on meat or fish before cooking, added to soups and stews, sprinkled over roasted vegetables like potatoes, or used as a dip for bread or raw vegetables. You can even sprinkle them over popcorn or use them to coat nuts or chickpeas before toasting.