Analysing South African Culture Cultural Studies Essay

What is South African Culture?

South Africa is known as the rainbow state as it has complex and diverse civilizations. ( South African Languages and Cultures. It is a runing pot of civilization ; here are a few cultural facets to look up to about South Africa:

Mapungubwe, Limpopo Province, is one of the richest archeological sites in Africa.

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Two globally of import conflicts viz. , The Anglo Boer War and the Anglo Zulu War were both fought on South African dirt.

Since the freedom from Apartheid, dance has become a premier agencies of artistic look.

The Magaliesberg mountain scope is said to be the oldest mountain scope on Earth.

The Drakensberg mountain scope runs the length of the state and is a Unesco World Heritage site.

The Vredefort Dome is the oldest and largest seeable meteorite impact site in the universe.

South Africa has a jubilation for every event, topographic point, art signifier, nutrient, drink and agricultural trade good.

South Africa has a broad assortment of humanistic disciplines and trades, every bit good as a broad scope of craftwork manners ; tribal designs, Afro-French grillwork, wood carvings, first clayware and bronze casting, stained glass, basket weaving, clay and rock sculpting, dung paper and waste decorations.

The Drakensberg mountain scope is the universe ‘s largest art gallery and is a memorial to the San Bushmen.

Jukskei, a game which involves a participant throwing a wooden pin at a nog in the land. It has been identified as one of the seven autochthonal games that should be encouraged and developed.

After the Apartheid epoch, the young person of South Africa started to happen their ain voice in a manner of music called Kwaito.

Nguni cowss, they are autochthonal to South Africa and might perchance be the most beautiful cowss in the universe with their variously patterned and multicoloured fells.

The Owl House, Nieu Bethesda, is a absorbing universe of sculptures made from concrete and glass.

The Cradle of Humankind has one of the universe ‘s richest concentrations of hominid dodos.

The Quagga, was nonextant but has been rebred. It is a zebra-like animate being but merely has stripes on the front half of its organic structure.

Mark Shuttleworth was the first African in infinite.

South Africa is home to seven Unesco World Heritage sites.

South African cultural small towns allow visitant to see firsthand the civilizations and traditions of our state, including nutrient, drink and adjustment.

The above text was referenced from: The A to Z of South African Culture 2010:1

During the Apartheid epoch, the authorities divided this diverse state into four population groups, viz. white, black, colored and Asiatic. ( South African civilization is impossible to capture in a nutshell, as the state is home to a rich assortment of cultural groups of diverse cultural and national beginnings. [ sa ] ) These population groups were grouped as follows:

Coloured: people of assorted beginning, chiefly Afrikaans speech production and besides a batch closer to the white cultural tendencies.

Asiatic: people of Indian decent.

The above text was referenced from: South African civilization is impossible to capture in a nutshell, as the state is home to a rich assortment of cultural groups of diverse cultural and national beginnings. [ sa ]

There are about 18 per centum of Xhosa talking people in South Africa, and are chiefly found in the Eastern Cape. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) This makes Xhosa the 2nd most spoken linguistic communication in South Africa. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

There are nine Xhosa talking groups, some chiefdom ‘s are larger than others, but there is conformance among them, the conformance can be seen in the homestead layouts. ( Magubane 1998:10 )

Culture:

The Xhosa speech production people were one of the first chiefdom ‘s to be ‘exposed to European adventurers, huntsmans, bargainers, missionaries, soldiers and colonial decision makers. ‘ – ( Magubane 1998:12 ) This exposure hence altered the civilization of the Xhosa people.

Xhosa matrimony is a polygynous matter as the heads and affluent work forces, who had tonss of cowss married more than one adult female and in some instanced has every bit many as four married womans. ( Magubane 1998:20 ) These married womans were ‘distinguished in rank harmonizing to different houses. ‘ ( Magubane 1998:20 )

The Great Wife was responsible in bearing a boy, and of class inheritor who would finally take over his male parent ‘s ownerships, i.e. cowss. ( Magubane 1998:24 )

Labola is a large portion of the Xhosa civilization, labola besides meant that different groups could hammer confederations as matrimony within a kin is prohibited. ( Magubane 1998:28 ) In a modern twenty-four hours Xhosa matrimony dialogue it is common that money alternatively of cowss will be accepted. ( Magubane 1998:25 )

Traditional rites are performed throughout the life-cycle of the Xhosa people, from birth to puberty, matrimony to menopause and filly to decease. ( Magubane 1998:32 ) One of these rites is that of male induction through Circumcision. This ritual came approximately as work forces had to be circumcised to go a warrior, and had to be a warrior before he could get married. ( Magubane 1998:33 )

Architecture:

‘Dwellings consisted of a round frame of poles and saplings, which were dead set and edge in the form of a beehive and thatched from top to bottom with grass. ‘ ( Magubane 1998:18 ) this construction was so plastered with a mixture of clay and dug to supply equal insularity. ( Magubane 1998:18 )

4.2.2 Zulu

Figure: Distribution of Zulu talkers ( South African Info )

Language:

Zulu people form the largest cultural group in South Africa ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 ) and hence Zulu is one of the most spoken linguistic communications in South Africa and is besides understood by half of the South African dwellers. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

South African English has adapted and was besides inspired by many of the Zulu words, and hence integrate it into the English linguistic communication. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Culture:

The Zulu state arose in the sixteenth century ; the Zulu warrior Shaka raised the state to prominence in the nineteenth century. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 ) The authoritative novel Chaka, by Thomas Mofolo, reinvents king Shaka into a epic figure. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

Zulu kids are exposed to nature at an early age which encompasses a deep apprehension and empathy for the environment they live in. ( Magubane 1998:45 )

Traditional nutrients include amasi ( curds of milk ) which is eaten either with maize repast or veggies. Maize repast is either boiled into a thick porridge or eaten with veggies. Meat was merely eaten on particular occasions, such as a nuptials. ( Magubane 1998:47 )

The Zulu ‘s are really cunning. The adult females are responsible for mat-making, beading and clayware. The work forces do woodwork and specialise in spoons, meat trays and milk buckets which are crafted out of one piece of wood. ( Magubane 1998:47 )

Traditional medical specialties in the Zulu civilization are ancient, these medical specialties are divided into two parts, the Traditional Herbalist who administers medicine made from workss and animate beings, and the Diviner who ‘smells out ‘ the ailments utilizing castanetss, shells, seeds or other artifacts. ( Magubane 1998:61 ) A class in the Diviners is the isangoma, who is a medium that makes contact with the hereditary liquors and prescribes medicine harmonizing to their dictates. ( Magubane 1998:62 )

Music, vocal and dance have ever been of import in Zulu civilization as it helps keep a ‘sense of group solidness particularly in times of strees, joy and alteration. ‘ – ( Magubane 1998:62 ) The Zulu society had many stringed instruments, such as the uGubu which stringed bow with a calabash attached to the terminal. ( Magubane 1998:62 )

Architecture:

The drawn-out homestead was ‘roughly round in signifier and was build on inclining land confronting east wherever possible, with the incline falling off to the chief entryway, so that the main home would be on the highest land. ‘ – ( Magubane 1998:40 ) In the Centre of this homestead would be the cowss cowbarn which is besides linked to the temple, which is where traditional rites would take topographic point. ( Magubane 1998:40 )

The edifice of these homes were the work forces ‘s occupation and would frequently be a societal event where the adult females would brew beer and neighbors, even passerby, would come and impart a manus in raising these homes. ( Magubane 1998:43 )

The homes were either beehive or dome shaped. Saplings would be embedded into a round dug trench ; the saplings were so set over and tied down to make model which would so be tightly thatched. ( Magubane 1998:43 ) There were no Windowss but the door was really low, people had to entre on their custodies and articulatio genuss. This door was so closed at dark by agencies of a wicker door that was fastened with a cross-stick. ( Magubane 1998:43 )

4.2.3 Taals

Figure: Distribution of Afrikaans talkers ( South Africa Info )

Language:

Afrikaans is spoken by a bulk of South Africans, either as a first or 2nd linguistic communication.

Afrikaans is a rich cultural linguistic communications with much heritage from the Dutch, Afrikaans even means ‘Africa ‘ in Dutch. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

‘Afrikaans is chiefly spoken by white Afrikaners, coloured South Africans and a subdivision of the black population. ‘ – ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

Culture:

Architecture:

4.2.4 Venda

Figure: Distribution of Venda talkers ( South African Info )

Language:

Venda is besides known as ‘Luvenda or Tshivenda ‘ and is largely spoken in the Northern parts of South Africa. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

The people who speak Venda have a Royal Family and demo adult females great regard, hence ‘women are allowed to go Queens and Chiefs of their ain folks ‘ – ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Culture:

For a Venda individual, music is one of the most of import facets to their civilization, particularly drum beats. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) They are difficult working people but after working all twenty-four hours on a field, there is ever ‘music, a few drinks and dancing. ‘ – ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) A membranophone, named Ngoma Lungundu, is the centural characteristic in Venda civilization. ( Magubane 1998:82 )

Status and power are expressed through music, dance, and vocal. ( Magubane 1998:87 ) Venda people use many musical instruments, even instruments that have vanished from other civilizations in Africa ; they use marimbas, thumb pianos, reed flutes, and three different types of membranophones. ( Magubane 1998:87 )

The Venda clayware manner was established in the 14th and fifteenth Century. ( Magubane 1998:82 )

The immature Venda work forces and old Venda work forces were extremely regarded, as the Venda people believe that the immature work forces are still near to the ascendants, while the old work forces are about to rejoin the ascendants. ( Magubane 1998:84 )

Initiation played a large function in Venda civilization, as with most South African civilizations. ( Magubane 1998:84 ) Initiation ceremonials were held for the many phases in life and would be made possible through external forces such as the ascendants, good and bad liquors, every bit good as enchantresss. ( Magubane 1998:84 )

A python, in Venda civilization, is ‘associated with birthrate and the motions of a babe in the uterus. ‘ ( Magubane 1998:87 )

Venda adult females were held in much respect, unlike most African adult females. ( Magubane 1998:89 ) venda adult females were in absolute control if in her courtyard, and aged adult females played an of import function in Venda society by stating the kids traditional narratives. ( Magubane 1998:89 ) Venda adult females are able to have belongings and can go swayer of a kin if there was no male inheritor. ( Magubane 1998:89 )

Architecture:

Traditional Venda small towns are surrounded by rock walls, which can still be seen near/under drops. ( Magubane 1998:84 ) These small towns are laid out so that the King is on the highest portion of the land, with his married womans and kids around him, who are so surrounded by the remainder of the dwellers, who will protect the King and his household if there were to be a menace. ( Magubane 1998:84 )

4.2.5 Ndebele

Figure: Distribution of Ndebele talkers ( South African Info )

Language:

Ndebele linguistic communication is split into two main idioms viz. , Southern Ndebele and Northern Ndebele, but the more common spoken idiom is Southern Ndebele. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Ndebele is merely spoken at place, and hence lone moves through coevalss, therefore it is thought to be a vanishing linguistic communication. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Culture:

To tourers, the Ndebele civilization is best known for their vivacious geometric forms which decorate their houses, apparels and can besides be seen in their beading. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 ) These vivacious forms embrace a assortment of signifiers and symbols, such as natural objects, geometric signifiers and now twenty-four hours ‘s ‘letters of the alphabet, Numberss, representations of urban buildins, windmills and airplanes. ‘ – ( Magubane 1998:76 )

Ndebele life is characterized, life many other African groups, by the spirit universe. ( Magubane 1998:67 ) The spirit universe is made up of the Ndebele ascendants who require changeless sacrificing to maintain them placid. ( Magubane 1998:67 )

The Ndebele society is patriarchal ; this was intensified by the white husbandmans who looked to Ndebele household labor where the work forces had to work for the white husbandman. ( Magubane 1998:70 ) The Ndebele adult male so moved off from the white farms and ‘started their ain concerns as cab drivers or builders. ‘ – ( Magubane 1998:70 )

The Ndebele adult females would work as domestic retainers in Pretoria but ever returned place to look after the kids and put up the homestead. ( Magubane 1998:70 ) While the adult females were at the homestead, they would be supported by their hubbies every bit good as doing and selling beading, mats and dolls. ( Magubane 1998:70 )

There is much deliberation on if the adornments worn by the Ndebele adult females are purely for their ain sensualness or whether their hubbies want their wealth to be shown on their married womans. ( Magubane 1998:76 ) The most popular adornemnts worn by Ndebele adult females are the beaded wire basketballs and/or Cu or brass rings that they wear around their cervixs, weaponries, legs and tummy. ( Magubane 1998:77 )

4.2.6 Sepedi

Figure: Distribution of Sepedi talkers ( South African Info )

Language:

Sepedi is besides known as Sesotho or Northern Sotho. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) But this linguistic communication is best known for their nuptials ceremonials. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Culture:

In the Sepedi civilization, it is good known that the bride ‘s male parent ask the groom for lebola. Lebola is item/s exchanged for their girl, for illustration money or farm animal. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

The nuptials is held at the brides or grooms place, but before the ceremonial, the bride ( dressed in a cow ‘s hide frock ) has to travel down to the river and cod H2O and wood for the ceremonial. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) Once the ceremonial is done, a sheep is so slaughtered in the back pace and the meat is every bit divided between both households. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Architecture:

4.2.7 Setswana

Figure: Distribution of Setswana talkers ( South African Info )

Language:

Setswana is normally known as Tswana, which is related to the other Sotho linguistic communications. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Setswana was largely spoken in Botswana, but migrated into North Western South Africa. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

Dr. Robert Moffat built the first school in Botswana and realised that he needed to utilize and compose Setswana in his instructions, hence Setswana was the first Sotho linguistic communication to be in a written format. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

Culture:

Setswana is portion of the Sotho-Tswana division, which use totems to reach their ascendants and these totems symbolise the sacred animal which is non to be hunted, the Setswana totem is a fish. ( Magubane 1998:11 )

In the Setswana civilization, wealth is measured by how many cowss they have in their ownership ; this is so ranked and put into a papers called the Setswana Forbes, which lists all the names of the affluent Setswana people. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Setswana civilization is besides widely known for their Traditional therapists, or sangomas, which play an of import function in their civilization. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Architecture:

4.2.8 Southern Sesotho

Southern Sotho is spoken by more than five million South African dwellers. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) It is a really complicated linguistic communication, but one time you get to understand it, it is a beautiful linguistic communication. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Sesotho originally was spoken in Lesotho, but moved into South Africa. It was besides one of the first African linguistic communications, along with Setswana and Zulu, to be put into a written signifier every bit good as into literature. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

Culture:

Southern Sotho is portion of the Sotho-Tswana division, which use totems to reach their ascendants and these totems symbolise the sacred animal which is non to be hunted, the Southern Sotho totem is a crocodile. ( Magubane 1998:10-11 )

The Southern Sotho civilization is one that believes strongly that ‘Children benefit from functioning their seniors. ‘ – ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Marriages are more frequently than non pre-arranged but in today ‘s twenty-four hours and age, this has become less of normalcy as they are now able to pick their life spouses. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Architecture:

4.2.9 Swati

Figure: Distribution of Swati talkers ( South African Info )

Language:

The Swati linguistic communication is besides known as the Swazi linguistic communication. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

It is a really similar linguistic communication to the Ndebele, Xhosa and Zulu linguistic communication, and frequently gets confused with these linguistic communications. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

The linguistic communication and civilization of the Swati was extremely influenced by the Zulu ‘s. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Culture:

The Swati ‘s have many traditional events and the civilization is one of ‘colourful outfits with ruddy plumes, transporting shields and have oning motley necklaces. ‘ – ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

The Reed dance festival is one of their great festivals. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) The ceremonial is held for eight yearss which runs through the terminal of August till the beginning of September. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) This ceremonial is for all single adult females and is to ‘protect the adult females ‘s celibacy ‘ – ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] )

Architecture:

4.2.10 Tsonga

Tsonga is a linguistic communication that does non utilize the English alphabet, but alternatively the Latin alphabet. ( South African Languages and Cultures [ sa ] ) Therefore it is a hard linguistic communication to larn or understand.

Culture:

The first Tsonga speech production people were bargainers of fabric and beads for tusk, Cu and salt that was finally ‘joined by co-linguists pushed from the seashore by Nguni plunderers. ‘ – Magubane 1998:90

The birth of a kid is a great clip for all Tsonga talking people. ( Magubane 1998:95 ) ‘Babies are doctored with medical specialties and decorated with appeals and beaded bracelets. ‘ – Magubane 1998:95

A Tsonga matrimony is non merely a relationship of two persons, but an understanding and new relationship between the two households. ( Magubane 1998:96 ) There is a forfeit before the bride leaves her household and her ascendants to fall in her new household, her new household will now take her in as one of them and she will hold to larn their etiquette and regulations of behavior. ( Magubane 1998:96 )

Most of the agricultural work was done by adult females, but the harvest home was done in coaction with the environing communities, with the owner/host of the land supplying beer and refreshments hence doing it a gay juncture. ( Magubane 1998:98 )

Venison was a critical portion in Tsonga diet, so was fish as fishing was an of import community activity. ( Magubane 1998:98 )

Tsonga work forces have through the ages started working in the South African mines and direct money place to their households. ( Magubane 1998:99 ) They have to pass voluminous sums of clip on coachs and trains, and have to populate in inns near to the excavation towns. ( Magubane 1998:99 )

The Tsonga people are able to play air current, stringed and percussion instruments, the twine instruments being the most of import. ( Magubane 1998:99 ) The two other instruments they are able to play, but fall out of the mentioned catagories is the manus piano and the marimba. ( Magubane 1998:99 )

The stringed instruments they are able to play:

Vibrating Bow

Stringed bow attached to a calabash

Hollow reed bow

Wire stringed bow with a thickened grip plucked with a level piece of wire

The above text was mention from: ( Magubane 1998:99 )

The air current instruments they are able to play:

Cross flute

Shepherd ‘s pipe

Antelope horn cornet

The above text was mention from: ( Magubane 1998:99 )

The percussion instruments they are able to play:

Tambourines

Drums

The above text was referenced from: ( Magubane 1998:99 )

Architecture:

A Tsonga homestead comprises of the adult male, his wife/wives, their kids and their boy ‘s households. ( Magubane 1998:94 ) The houses are ‘cylindrical with earthen walls and conelike thatched or reed roofs. ‘ – Magubane 1998:94

The homestead is by and large round with a cardinal cowss cowbarn and a chief entryway on the eastern side, there may besides be sub-entrances on the side of the H2O and Fieldss. ( Magubane 1998:94 )

4.2.11 English

Figure: Distribution of English talkers ( South African Info )

Language:

South African English is rich and curious as it is influenced by most of the other 10 linguistic communications. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 ) For illustration: ‘..cars stop at automatons, non traffic visible radiations. A pickup truck is a bakkie, gym shoes are takkies, a katzenjammer is a babbelas, ‘ – ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

English is understood across South Africa and is by and large the chosen linguistic communication in concern, political relations and media. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

English is merely spoken by 10 % of South Africans, but is the primary linguistic communication tought at primary, secondary and third educational Centres. ( Languages of South Africa 2010:1 )

Culture:

Architecture:

4.3 What artifacts are alone to each civilization?

Archaeology is of import as it is able to state us when and where people settled and how they lived. Archaeology is besides able to associate different cultural groups ‘through the artifacts they leave behind. ‘ – ( Magubane 1998:8 )

Archaeological clip periods and artifacts found from each period:

Early on Stone Age – rock artifacts such as manus axes and cliverss.

Middle Stone Age – rock artifacts such as points and scrapers, every bit good as grindstones.

Subsequently Stone Age – new engineerings made manner for the bow and pointer, and traps and traps.

Early on Iron Age – new engineering made manner for hoes, axes, cosmetic pots and bowls, flowery metal work and complex terracotta sculptures.

The above text was referenced from: Magubane 1998:8

The Bantu-speaking people have been thought to emerge from the Iron Age communities ; the Bantu-speaking people are divided into two groups, the Nguni speech production and the Sotho-Tswana speech production people. ( Magubane 1998:10 ) These two groups are ‘linguistically and culturally distinguishable ‘ – ( Magubane 1998:10 )

4.4 What is a Boutique Hotel?

There are a figure of features and attributes that constitute a Boutique Hotel.

First a Boutique hotel is much smaller than a chain-hotel as the maximal sum of suites a Boutique Hotel has is one-hundred. ( Nobles & A ; Thompson 2001:1 )

Atmosphere is really of import in a Boutique Hotel as it creates a memorable experience. ( Nobles & A ; Thompson 2001:1 )

Management and staff need to expect invitee ‘s demands and wants, cognizing what a invitee wants, when they want it and how they want it. ( Nobles & A ; Thompson 2001:1 )

Target market for Boutique Hotels is 25 – 55 age scope and center to upper income degree. ( What is a Boutique Hotel? 2003 – 2010 )

Boutique hotels offer a wholly alone experience. Boutique Hotels can be hep and go oning or historic in subject. ( What is a Boutique Hotel? 2003 – 2010 ) Boutique Hotel ‘s offer amenitiess, such as bathrobes and hearths ; spa-like services, such as healthy nutrient picks, head and organic structure cleaning ; the latest engineering, every bit good as on-site dining, saloon and sofa countries that are unfastened to the populace. ( What is a Boutique Hotel? 2003 – 2010 )

4.5 How make you recycle an old edifice to make a new exciting inside?

By continuing historic edifices and by ‘updating the edifice and its inside for a new usage ‘ ( Bijelic 2006:1 ) , the population and coevalss to come will be able to understand and appreciate South African heritage and civilization. ( The WBDG Historic Preservation Subcommittee 2010:1 ) By recycling bing edifices and transforming them into a new intent, the designers and interior decorators are in kernel being environmentally responsible. ( The WBDG Historic Preservation Subcommittee 2010:1 )

Existing edifices are in kernel energy efficient as they already exist and hence there is no demand to make new edifice stuffs, which leave a C footmark behind. ( The WBDG Historic Preservation Subcommittee 2010:1 ) Minor alteration to the outside or inside of these historical/existing edifices are possible and plausible as this will so make a new usage for these edifices every bit good as upgrade these edifices in order to run into the modern edifice demands and codifications. ( The WBDG Historic Preservation Subcommittee 2010:1 )

Converting historical edifices to run into modern demands might be a challenge, but there are advantages as clients will finally gain the possible fiscal, cultural and selling advantages of continuing architectural history. ( Bijelic 2006:1 )

Practical benefits of continuing existing/historical edifices:

Preservation of the history and genuineness.

Increases the commercial value of the edifice and its ornaments/material which are more frequently than non high quality and non low-cost.

Sustainable edifice pattern as there is less building and destruction, and less demand for new edifice stuffs as the bing substructure will be used.

Energy efficient as there will be no energy waste on destruction and new building.

Before continuing or recycling an bing edifice, the designer and/or interior decorator needs to do certain that the original map of the edifice and the proposed new map of the edifice coincide and/or are compatible in order to cut down the deconstruction of the historic stuffs and decorations. ( The WBDG Historic Preservation Subcommittee 2010:1 )

In order to keep the unity of the historical edifice, the undermentioned saving design ends need to be implemented:

Update edifice systems – this requires striking a balance between original edifice characteristics and suiting the new engineerings and equipment.

Life safety and security demands – suit new maps, alterations in engineering and improved criterions of protection.

Comply with handiness demands – supply entree for individuals with disablements while run intoing saving ends.

4.5.1 Relevant Codes and Standards

Previous research that has been done on the subject

Field Research

Datas capturing

I have sent out questionnaires to a figure of architectural houses and travel bureaus, every bit good as the Department of Tourism, Department of Home Affairs, The City Council of Johannesburg and the City Council of Tshwane.

Explain in item who, what, where, how and why

The above mentioned parties will be able to rede me on ( 1 ) if there is a demand for Boutique hotels in South Africa and ( 2 ) how to travel about reusing/renovating bing edifices in order to continue the environment every bit good as make a new, fresh Boutique hotel with the right ordinances.