The impact of new drug launches on longevity: evidence from longitudinal, disease-level data from 52 countries, 1982-2001 Frank R. Lichtenberg Columbia University and National Bureau of Economic Research United Nations Human Development Index (unweighted) average of three indexes:

Related searches for The impact of new drug launches on longevity: evidence from longitudinal, disease-level data from 52 countries, 1982-200

Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.

“the empirical evidence indicates [that] the overall contribution of medical care to health is rather modest at the margin …education, lifestyle, the environment, and income [are] the major contributing factors” (Santerre and Neun (2000, p. 69)).

“increase in life expectancy [has] been much more influenced by economic development than improvements in medical care …the most important medical advances are being brought about by improvements in information technology, not pills and scalpels” (Getzen (1997, p. 330)).

“Research on the relationship between health status and medical care frequently has found that the marginal contribution of medical care to health status is rather small …any significant improvements in health status are more likely to originate from factors other than medical care…Factors that determine the level of health include income and education, environmental and life-style factors, and genetics” (Henderson (1999, p.142)).

“The historical declines in population mortality rates were not due to medical interventions because effective medical interventions became available to populations largely after the mortality had declined. Instead, public health, improved environment, and improved nutrition probably played substantial roles” (Folland, Goodman, and Stano (2001, p. 118)).

Hypothesize that many of the “other factors” affecting the age distribution of deaths from disease i in country j in year t (e.g. per capita income, public health expenditure, and environmental quality) are:

Zero-lag equation (k = 0), is estimated using 4678 observations, included 496 country*year effects, 189 disease*year effects, and 502 country*disease effects. The equations are estimated via weighted least squares, using the number of deaths in that disease-country-year cell as the weight.

Deaths documented in the WHO Mortality Database are classified by cause (disease), using the International Classification of Diseases

The high-level IMS drug classification corresponds quite closely to the high-level ICD disease classification, e.g. cardiovascular system drugs obviously correspond to (are used to treat) diseases of the circulatory system

If government can determine the optimal number of contracts (n), and firms engage in energetic research even though payments are independent of success, govt. should offer research contracts to the n lowest bidders; competition drives price down to cost

Because patents lead to distortions due to monopoly pricing, they are less efficient than optimal prizes or research contracts if the government has sufficient information to induce the optimal amount of research

Permanent patent may lead to excessive research

By having patents last shorter periods of time, the government can reduce the incentive for excessive research