Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948)

Mahatma Gandhi is one of the role model for me and even for many across the globe with his 2 big weapons “Truth and Non-violence”.

He was the person became the answer to the millions of Indians who were suffering from the British rule in India by giving new hope for the future. He opposed all racial, religious and gender discrimination.

But the time will not leave anyone likewise Mahatma Gandhi left his last breath on January 30th, 1948, at the age of 79 years with a shot of bullet.

Mahatma Gandhi is the inspiration for the lot of great leaders like Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King, and even the recent politician Barack Obama, there were a certain group of people in India itself who have not understood him which led them to create a separate country Pakistan.

Mahatma Gandhi Information

History of Mahatma Gandhi

* In Porbandar of Gujarat Gandhi’s mother was exposed to Jainism, the people who were following totally non-violence so it impacted even Mahatma Gandhi as a social quality.

Gandhi grew by watching the dramas of ‘Satya Harishchandra’ who followed truth as his life even in his extreme difficulties faced. So these are been considered to have the quality truth and non-violence.

* Today some of his vision come true in Gujarat, you can find the majority of the people are vegetarian and alcohol-free with the efforts taken by Narendra Modi when he was chief minister of the state.

* Mahatma Gandhi was an average student like us learning English and grew up normally as every child but distracted with early marriage at the age of 13 years. His wife name was Kasturba Gandhi who was a relative of his family.

In the early days of Gandhi he doesn’t seem to be so good he admits himself admits that he was drinking, stealing from his fathers pocket and eating meat because he thought that the vegetarians are been weaker and ruled by dominant people,

Wife Kasturba Gandhi was complaining his activities to his father-in-law but he was keeping quiet. His father died when he was at the age of 16.

* After his schooling at the age of 18 years, his family friend suggested going to England and trained to be a lawyer, this was a situation where the game starts.

At the time her mother gave him a sacred necklace of beats made with Tulasi plant which was loved by god Vishnu for the protection by the care of the mother with the promise and witnessed to leave her son from wine, women, and meat.

* He left Bombay on September 4th, 1888 beside the opposition by his neighbors he crossed the borders and reached London.

when he left the shore in Bombay he was totally white and white suit to transform himself like other fellowmen who live in England.

In that country almost all people normally eat meat and drink alcohol, it was difficult to Mahatma Gandhi initially but because of the promise made to his mother he never went into the wrong route, which later helped him to follow non-violence.

* Before Gandhi left India he presided to eat meat which makes Indian strong to fight against British but when he left at the time from England he was totally opposed eating meat resulted to adopt non-violence.

How did Mahatma Gandhi come to India Purposely or Accidently?

In June, Dada Abdulla asked him to undertake a rail trip to the national capital, Transvaal, a journey that 1st took Gandhi to Pietermaritzburg, Natal.

There, Gandhi was seated in the excellent compartment, as he had purchased a first class ticket.

An individual United Nations agency entered the compartment hastened to summon the White railway officers, United Nations agency ordered Gandhi to get rid of himself to the van compartment since ‘coolies’ (a racist term for Indians) and non-whites weren’t allowable in excellent compartments.

Gandhi protested and made his ticket, however, was warned that he would be forcibly removed if he failed to create a gracious exit.

As Gandhi refused the order, a White law officer pushed him out of the train, and his bags were thrown out to the platform. The train steamed away, and Gandhi withdrew to the waiting area. “It was winter,” Gandhi mentioned in his biography

“the cold was very bitter. My overcoat was in my bags, however, he failed to dare to ask them, he thought again he may be abused once more, therefore he sat and shivered in the PIETERMARITZBURG station”.

He started thinking whether his “duty”: ought he to remain back and fight for his “rights”, or ought to he come to India? His own “hardship was superficial”, “only a proof of the deep unwellness of color prejudice.”

Result made Mahatma Gandhi fight against racial and inequality by his knowledge of civil and his experience.

Gandhi slowly entered the political area fighting for a cause of right to vote for all people asked by his friends and merchant traders, with the petition named of 9,000 people and hence became the substantial force in politics Led Indian Natal Congress.

But the scenario was totally different from the Gandhi’s thinking truth and non-violence because of British.

But there was an Anglo-Zulu war between British and South Africa, he was helpless because he convinced some of the South Africans opting for non-violence which caused a disaster because they were shorted with weapons and men which made them lose and was a lesson to Gandhi.

Gandhi later created a community in Turban where he married as well but their family also accepted the reality how they live but was difficult to him managing the family as well as the community.

He himself became more simplest by following the new and practical philosophy of life which inspired millions of people.

Popular Movements in Mahatma Gandhi Life

He fought against British racist policies in South Africa and came back to India, Gandhi has earned some reputation for his work.

Freedom Fighters in India consist of many great leaders but in the beginning, a leader of Indian National Congress who was named Gopal Krishna Gokhale asked Gandhi to join India’s struggle for Independence against the rule of British towards Indians.

Gokhale explained Gandhi about the current situation Indians are facing with social injustice which was the foundation to join Gandhi as a member of Indian National Congress.

* Champaran Satyagraha (1917)

Champaran Satyagraha was the first success of Mahatma Gandhi after returning from South Africa to India. British forced the farmers to grow Indigo which was in less demand but the price was high in the market and they were forced to sell for a fixed price that made them trigger.

Gandhi was asked for the help by the farmers. Gandhi followed non-violence principle in the movement which was shocked to the administration and finally achieved by getting concessions.

* Kheda Satyagraha (1917 – 1918)

Kheda was hit by the floods so farmers were unable to pay taxes later they asked Britishers to relax them from tax which was not agreed by them, this was observed by Gandhi and taken this case seriously which resulted in the acceptance of relaxation from tax.

* Khilafat Movement Post World War I (1919 – 1924)

British had agreed to grant Independence if Gandhi supports British during World War I but failed as promised, it resulted Khilafat Movement started.

Mahatma Gandhi understood that if Hindus and Muslims unite and fight against British they will succeed, and tried to convince masses of both the religion, at last, he failed to do so.

* Non-cooperation Movement (1920 – 1922)

Non-Cooperation Movement was the biggest problem faced by the British, Gandhi made his fellow men’s to stop co-operating with British because he believed only by co-operation giving by Indians British ruling India.

Gandhi warned the British not to pass Rowlatt Act, as they did not pay attention Gandhi asked people to start civil disobedience against British but they tried to suppress the movement by force with firing on people who were following peace in Delhi. At this time, British arrested Mahatma Gandhi and many protesters.

On 13th April 1919, it was a “BLACK DAY” for India because of a British officer General Dyer has ordered to open fire on a crowd who were following peace consist of all men, women, and children in the place Amritsar’s Jallianwala Bagh, the incident was known as ‘Jallianwala Bagh Massacre’.

This incident made Indians more aggressive to get Independence and rioted as they wish so, Mahatma Gandhi wanted peace hence started fasting till everyone stop rioting and follow non-violence.

* Purna Swaraj (1922 – 1929)

Non-cooperation movement became popular throughout India by the efforts of Mahatma Gandhi.

Then he expanded the movement as Swaraj by telling people not to buy the goods made by British, he didn’t stop there he also asked the people to resign from British Government employment, stop studying in British Institutions and practice of law in court.

But a day came in 1922 Uttar Pradesh were British forced to stop the moment by arresting Gandhi on 10th March 1922, he was granted 6 years of imprisonment but he served for 2 years over there, In 1929 the Congress party officially declared as Purna Swaraj.

* Simon Commission and Salt Satyagraha (1927 – 1930)

In the duration of 1920’s, Mahatma Gandhi focused on bridging the gap between the Indian National Congress and Swaraj Party.

In 1927, the British had appointed Sir John Simon as head of a new constitutional reform commission, commonly known as the “Simon Commission”.

There was not even an Indian in the commission. Shaken by this, Gandhi passed a resolution in the Calcutta Congress in December 1928, asking the British government to grant him the status of Indian rule.

In case of non-compliance with this request, the British had to face a new campaign of non-violence, with the aim of total independence of the country. The resolution was rejected by the British.

The flag of India was displayed by the Indian National Congress on December 31, 1929 at its Lahore session. On January 26, 1930, it was celebrated as the Independence Day of India.

But the British did not recognize it and soon imposed a tax on salt and Salt Satyagraha was launched in March 1930 as an opposition to this movement.

Gandhi commenced the Dandi March with his followers, going from Ahmadabad to Dandi walking. The protest turned into successful and brought about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact in March 1931.

British Negotiations over Round Table Conferences with Gandhi (1930–32)

After the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhi was invited to round tables by the British. When Gandhi demanded Indian independence, the British questioned Gandhi’s motives and asked him not to speak for the entire nation.

They invited many religious leaders and B. R. Ambedkar to represent the untouchables. The British promised many rights to various religious groups and also to the untouchables.

Fearing that this movement would further divide India, Gandhi protested against this by fasting. After knowing the true intentions of the British in the Second Round Table Conference(7th September 1931 to 1st December 1931) in London, he invented another Satyagraha, for which he was arrested again.

* Quit India Movement (1942)

During the Second World War, Mahatma Gandhi intensified his protests for the complete independence of India. He drafted a resolution calling on the British to leave India.

The “Quit India Movement” or “Bharat Chhodo Andolan” was the most aggressive movement launched by the Indian National Congresses under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

Gandhi was arrested on August 9th, 1942 and detained for two years at the Aga Khan Palace in Pune, where he lost his secretary, Mahadev Desai, and his wife, Kasturba.

The Quit India movement ended in late 1943, when the British implied that total power would be transferred to the Indian people. Gandhi annulled the measure that resulted in the release of 100,000 political prisoners.

Finally Got Freedom but with the Partition (1946 – 1947)

The proposal of Independence and distribution of partitions offered by the mission of the British cabinet in 1946 was accepted by Congress, although Mahatma Gandhi advised otherwise.

Sardar Patel convinced Gandhi that this was the only way to avoid the civil war and gave his consent reluctantly.

After the Independence of India, Gandhi focused on the peace and unity of Hindus and Muslims. He launched his fast up to the death in Delhi and called on people to end community violence and emphasized that the payment of 55 crores of rupees, according to the agreement of the partition council, will be made to Pakistan.

In the end, all political leaders accepted his wishes and broke his fast.

Murder of Mahatma Gandhi (30th January 1948)

The inspiring life of Mahatma Gandhi ended on 1948, when a fanatic, Nathuram Godse, shot him point-blank.

Nathuram was a Hindu radical who blamed Gandhi for weakening India by sharing payments to Pakistan. Godse and his co-conspirator Narayan Apte, were convicted later on 15th November 1949.

Chethan M is a talented go-getter, always adding value. Throughout his journey of gathering knowledge, this is the time he wants to contribute by this blog. Looking forward to continuing on a path of success making the readers happy. A true social player, cheers!

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