The mesenchyme gives rise to capsular and other joint ligaments peripherally

The mesenchyme disappears in the middle, between the bones, to form the joint cavity proper

The mesenchyme lining the capsule and the articular surfaces forms the synovial membrane

CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS (e.g., neurocentra1 and symphysis pubis): the mesenchyme between the developing
bones forms hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage covers the bones of the joints at
their articular surfaces

HYPERPITUITARISM causes the infant to grow at a very abnormally fast rate. This can result in gigantism
(increased height and body proportion) or acromegaly (great enlargement of the hands, face, and
feet). The condition can be caused by a pituitary gland tumor. Congenital infantile hyperpituitarism
is rare

HYPOTHYROIDISM AND CRETINISM: due to a deficiency of fetal thyroid hormone leading to mental deficiency,
skeletal abnormalities, as well as auditory and neurologic deficiencies

Cretinism is generally very rare these days

Agenesis of the thyroid gland is one possible cause of cretinism

ACHONDROPLASIA (hypoplastic chondrodystrophy): a common cause of dwarfism. The extremities are short
due to a disturbance of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plates of long bones during fetal
existence