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1 Credit Derivatives Product Descriptions 1

2 Products Credit Derivatives Indices Credit Derivatives Tranches Credit Derivatives Options Product Specifications Credit Derivatives Indices A credit default swap index is a credit derivative used to hedge credit risk or to take a position on a basket of credit entities (a CDS index is a portfolio of actively traded liquid names in a particular sector of the market). A credit default swap index is standardized, therefore highly liquid and trades on a very small bid-offer spread. This makes it is a primary market vehicle for gaining diversified credit exposure. A new series of CDS indices are issued every six months and attributed a Series indicator by Markit Partners (previously issued series continue to be traded until their expiry date). Prior to the announcement of each series a group of investment banks is polled to determine the credit entities that will form the constituents of the new issue. On the day of issue a fixed coupon is decided for the each index based on the credit spread of the entities in the index. Once this has been decided the index constituents and the fixed coupon are published, and the indices can be actively traded. They are traded according to set rules, which cannot be altered. For example, each series has its own set of expiry dates. There are two main families of index: CDX - CDX indices contain North American and Emerging Market companies and are administered by CDS Index Company (CDSIndexCo) and marketed by Markit Group. itraxx - itraxx indices contain companies from the rest of the world and are managed by the International Index Company (IIC). New series are determined on the basis of liquidity every 6 months. Indices CDX.NA.IG CDX.NA.HY CDX.EM CDX.LatAm.Corp itraxx Europe itraxx Europe Crossover itraxx Financials Sen itraxx Financials Sub itraxx Europe HiVol Markit itraxx Asia Markit itraxx Australia Markit itraxx CEEMEA Markit itraxx Japan Markit MCDX Tenors 5Y 5Y 3Y, 5Y 5Y, 10Y 3Y, 5Y, 10Y Currencies USD EUR JPY 2

3 CDX.NA.HY Index is composed of one hundred liquid constituents with high yield credit rating. The index is further divided into sub indices: CDX.NA.HY.BB CDX.NA.HY.B Each HY Index and related sub-indices will begin on September 27 (or the Business Day immediately thereafter in the event that September 27 is not a Business Day) and March 27 (or the Business Day immediately thereafter in the event that March 27 is not a Business Day) of each calendar year (each such date, a Roll Date ). CDX.NA.IG Index is composed of one hundred and twenty five liquid constituents with investment grade credit rating. The index is further divided into sub indices: Consumer: CDX.NA.IG.CONS Energy: CDX.NA.IG.ENRG Financials: CDX.NA.IG.FIN Industrial: CDX.NA.IG.INDU Telecom, Media and Technology: CDX.NA.IG.TMT Hi Volatility CDX.NA.IG.HVOL Each IG Index and related sub-indices will begin on September 20 (or the Business Day immediately thereafter in the event that September 20 is not a Business Day) and March 20 (or the Business Day immediately thereafter in the event that March 20 is not a Business Day) of each calendar year (each such date, a Roll Date ). CDX.EM Index is composed of fourteen sovereign issuers from the following regions: Latin America, Middle East, Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia. The EM Index rolls every six months on September 20th and March 20th. Characteristics of the MCDX index: 50 equally-weighted municipal reference credits o Minimum rating of Baa3 (Moody s), BBB- (S&P), or BBB- (Fitch) that are not on negative watch for downgrade to below investment grade o Reference obligations with at least $250 million outstanding uninsured parity debt o Excludes healthcare and tobacco issuers Roll dates April 3 and October 3 Payment dates March 20, June 20, September 20, December 20 Credit events Failure to Pay, Restructuring (ISDA definition of both) Recovery rate for upfront calculations 80% Physical settlement Spread-based Index with fixed coupon For more information on the MCDX instrument, please see Index Specifications Trading conventions o Buyer (Payer). This is the party to a CDS contract which pays a premium for protection in case a credit event occurs. The Protection Buyer can also 3

4 speculate that the cost of protection will rise and profit from selling the CDS contract at a higher price than was paid o Seller (Receiver). This is the party to a CDS contract receiving the premium payments, and who is exposed to the credit risk of the reference entity. Swap Leg conventions o Business Day count: Actual/360 o Business day convention: Following o Business Day calendar: follow the currency calendar EUR: London and TARGET Settlement Day USD: London and New York Credit Event: Failure to pay, Bankruptcy, (Modified) Restructuring Term/Tenor: Refers to the duration of a Credit Default Swap Index contract. Indices are traded at 3, 5, 7 and 10-year maturities and a new series is determined on the basis of liquidity every 6 months. Maturity Date: Unadjusted date that falls on the 20th of Mar and Sep Coupon Payments: Each coupon is equal to (actual/360), (# of days in accrual period). The accrual period always stretches from (previous coupon payment date) through (this coupon payment date 1), inclusive; except a contract's last accrual period, which ends with (and includes) the unadjusted maturity date. o Coupon Payment Dates: Business day adjusted date that falls on 20th of Mar, Jun, Sep, and Dec and accrue on a Actual/360. The date will be adjusted to the next business day if 20th falls on a weekend. o The first coupon payment date is determined by the trade date, for example: o Coupon Rates: 25bp, 100bp, 500bp, 1000bp Rolling dates: CDS Index roll semi-annually in March and September. Recovery rate Estimate of percentage of par value bondholders will receive after a credit event. CDS for investment grade bonds generally assume a 40% recovery rate. However, CDS for lower rated bonds are more dynamic and often reflect lower estimated recovery rates. Trade types. CDS Index instruments can be traded either on an outright basis, or as a switch. o Outrights: An agreement between two parties whereby one party pays the other party periodic payments for the specified life of the agreement o Rolls/Switches/Spreads: A switch is a single Transaction that results in a simultaneous buy and sell of two or more underlying outright contracts. CDS indices are traded either in spread or in price terms, a generic term describing 4

5 the difference, generally in basis points, between the levels of two reference values. Settlement: if a credit event occurs then CDS Index contracts are cash settled. o Cash settlement: The protection seller pays the buyer the difference between par value and the market price of a debt obligation of the reference entity. Upfront payments: upfront payments are made at initiation of the trade. It incorporates the difference between the traded level and the index coupon, as well as accrued interest. Order size: A minimum order size can be defined at the time of order entry. Clearing House: ICE and LCH. The choice of clearing house is determined at the time of order entry and is based on qualification of each participant s clearing firm. For more information on these instruments, including detailed specifications, please see and Additionally, please see clearable contract definitions at https://www.theice.com/cdx. Credit Derivatives Tranches Some of the credit indices are also available in a tranched format, which allows investors to gain exposure on a particular portion of the index loss distribution. Tranches are defined by attachment and detachment points. Defaults affect the tranches according to the seniority of the tranche in the capital structure. Indices Tranches CDX.NA.HY 0-10, 10-15, 15-25, 25-35, CDX.NA.IG 0-3, 3-7, 7-15, itraxx Europe 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-22, itraxx Europe Crossover 0-10, 10-15, 15-25, 25-35, itraxx Europe Japan 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, itraxx Asia 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, itraxx Australia 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, LCDX 0-5, 5-8, 8-12, 12-15, Currencies USD EUR Tranche Mechanics The protection buyer of a tranche makes quarterly coupon payments to the protection seller and receives a payment in case there is a credit event in the underlying portfolio. Upfront payments are made at initiation and close of the trade to reflect the change in price. Coupon payments (500bps or 100bps per annum) are made until the notional amount of the tranche gets fully written down due to a series of credit events or until maturity whichever is earlier. 5

6 Payments are made by the protection seller as long as the losses are greater than the attachment point and less than the detachment point for that tranche. Once the total loss reaches the detachment point, that tranche notional is fully written down. The premium payments are made on the reduced notional after each credit event. For more information on these instruments, please see Credit Derivatives Options A Credit Default Swap Option is an option to buy protection (payer option) or sell protection (receiver option) as a credit default swap on a specific reference credit with a specific maturity. The option is usually European, exercisable only at one date in the future at a specific strike price defined as a coupon on the credit default swap. Credit default options on single credits are extinguished upon default without any cash flows, other than the upfront premium paid by the buyer of the option. Therefore buying a payer option is not a good protection against an actual default, only against a rise in the credit spread. This may explain why such options are very illiquid. They may also feature quite high implied volatilities. However options on credit indices such as itraxx and CDX include any defaulted entities in the intrinsic value of the option when exercised. Index Options itraxx Crossover Options itraxx Europe Options itraxx Financial Senior Options itraxx Financial Sub Options itraxx Hi Vol Options Currencies USD GBP EUR JPY AUD CHF SEK PLN TRY Option Specifications Trading conventions o Buyer (payer). This is the party to a CDS option contract where the buyer has the right but not the obligation to buy or sell an underlying asset or instrument at a specified price on or before a specified date. o Seller (Receiver). This is the party to a CDS option contract where the seller has the obligation to sell or buy the underlying asset or instrument, if the owner elects to exercise the option prior to expiration. Swap Leg conventions 6

7 o Option Style: This determines when, how and under what circumstances, the option holder may exercise its right to buy or sell its options. European - European-style option contracts may only be exercised at the option's expiration date. Thus they can never be worth more than an American-style option with the same underlying, strike price and expiration date. American - American-style option contracts can be exercised at any time up to the option's expiration. Under certain circumstances (see below) early exercise may be advantageous to the option holder. o Option Exercise Type: This determines what rights the option holder would have if a credit event occurs. Knockout Upon Default No Knockout Upon Default o Earliest Exercise Date o Expiration Date - The last day that an options contract is valid, giving the buyer of the option the right to sell or buy the underlying asset or instrument on or before the expiration date. Underlying asset or Instrument Conventions o Credit Event: Failure to pay, Bankruptcy, Restructuring, Repudiation, Obligation acceleration and obligation default o Term/Tenor: Refers to the duration of a Credit Default Swap Index contract. Indices are traded at 3, 5, 7 and 10-year maturities and a new series is determined on the basis of liquidity every 6 months. o Maturity Date: Unadjusted date that falls on the 20th of Mar, Jun, Sep and Dec o Coupon Payments: Each coupon is equal to (actual/360), (# of days in accrual period). The accrual period always stretches from (previous coupon payment date) through (this coupon payment date 1), inclusive; except a contract's last accrual period, which ends with (and includes) the unadjusted maturity date. Coupon Payment Dates: Business day adjusted date that falls on 20th of Mar, Jun, Sep, and Dec and accrue on a Actual/360. The date will be adjusted to the next business day if 20th falls on a weekend. The first coupon payment date is determined by the trade date, for example: 7 Coupon Rates: 25bp, 100bp, 500bp, 1000bp o Upfront payments: upfront payments are made at initiation and close of the trade to reflect the change in price. Trade types: o Payer (Call): A call is an option contract that gives the owner the right to buy the underlying stock at a specified price (its strike price) for a certain, fixed period (until expiration). For a call option writer or seller, the contract represents an obligation to sell the underlying stock if the option is assigned.

8 o Receiver (Put): A put is an option contract that gives the owner the right to sell the underlying stock at a specified price (its strike price) for a certain, fixed period (until expiration). For the writer or seller of a put option, the contract represents an obligation to buy the underlying stock from the option owner if the option is assigned. Settlement: if a credit event occurs then CDS contracts can either be physically settled or cash settled. o Physical settlement: The protection seller pays the buyer par value, and in return takes delivery of a debt obligation of the reference entity. o Cash settlement: The protection seller pays the buyer the difference between par value and the market price of a debt obligation of the reference entity. Order size: A minimum order size can be defined at the time of order entry. Strike Price: The strike price is the price at which an option holder can purchase (call) or sell (put) the underlying stock, sometimes called striking price, strike or exercise price. Clearing House: ICE and LCH. The choice of clearing house is determined at the time of order entry and is based on qualification of each participant s clearing firm. For more information on these instruments, please see 8

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