This paper was aimed at providing elements to understand the purpose of the US military occupation government in terms of the measures taken in health public care in Cuba during the two US military occupations. The public health organization at that time and the concerns of the government for the health situation in the island due to the ravages of the yellow fever epidemics that had affected the Spanish troops and the Cuban population, in addition to smallpox, malaria, dysentery, typhoid fever, infant tetanus, glanders and other infectious diseases. It was concluded that the healthcare work undertaken during these two phases were directed to protect the US economic and strategic objectives so closely linked to the imperialist expansion.