The Blessed Buddha once said:Bhikkhus & friends: There is one contemplation, which when oftenpractised and developed leads to the complete turning away fromthe world, to detachment, to stilling, to ceasing, to Peace, to finalpenetrating knowledge, to Enlightenment, and thus to Nibbana...Any Noble Disciple who by progress have understood the Dhammadwells frequently in this state. Which is that unique contemplation?It is reflecting over the qualities of own charity exactly like this:A Noble Disciple reviews & recollects his own generosity Caga thus:Truly, blessed am I, highly lucky: Among beings all polluted by evil,stingy and mean niggardliness, I am living with a mind freed from avarice, open-handed, liberal, in high-minded largesse, all inviting to all beggars, rejoicing in giving and sharing all I have with others!Source: AN 6:10

The Blessed Buddha once said:Bhikkhus & friends: There is one contemplation, which when often practised and developed leads to the complete turning away from the world, to detachment, to stilling, to ceasing, to Peace, to final penetrating knowledge, to Enlightenment, and thus to Nibbana... Any Noble Disciple who by progress has understood the Dhamma dwells frequently in this state. Which is that one contemplation?It is reflecting over the qualities of the Dhamma exactly like this: "Perfectly formulated is this Buddha-Dhamma, visible right here & now, immediately effective, timeless, inviting each & everyone to come and see for themselves, inspect, examine and verify. Leading each & everyone through progress towards perfection. Directlyobservable, experiencable and realizable by each intelligence...Source: Anguttara Nikaya 1:16.1 + 6:10

The Blessed Buddha once said:Bhikkhus & friends: There is one contemplation which when often practised and much developed leads to the complete turning away from the world, to detachment, to stilling, to ceasing, to peace, to final penetrating knowledge, to Enlightenment, and thus to Nibbana...Any Noble Disciple who by progress have understood the true Dhamma dwells frequently in this state. Which is that one contemplation? It is reflecting over the qualities of the Buddha exactly like this:Worthy, honourable & perfectly self-Enlightened is the Buddha! Consummated in knowledge and behaviour, totally transcended, expert in all dimensions, knower of all worlds, unsurpassable trainer of those who can be tamed, both teacher & guide of gods as well as of humans, blessed, exalted, awakened, and perfectly enlightened is the Buddha! Source: Anguttara Nikaya 1:16.1 + 6:10

The Blessed Buddha once said:Bhikkhus & friends: There is one contemplation which when oftenpractised and developed leads to the complete turning away from the world, to detachment, to stilling, to ceasing, to Peace, to finalpenetrating knowledge, to Enlightenment, and thus to Nibbana...Any Noble Disciple who by progress have understood the Dhammadwells frequently in this state. Which is that one contemplation?It is reflecting over the qualities of the Noble Sangha like this:"Perfectly training is this Noble Sangha community of the Buddha'sNoble Disciples. Training the right way, the true way, the good way, the direct way! Therefore do these eight kinds of individuals, thesefour Noble pairs, deserve both gifts, self-sacrifice, offerings, muchhospitality and reverential salutation with joined palms, since this Noble Sangha community of the Buddha's Noble disciples, is indeedan unsurpassable & forever unsurpassed field of merit, in this world, for this world, to honour, support, uphold, respect and protect..."Source: AN 1:16.3 + 6:10

The Blessed Buddha once said:Bhikkhus & friends: There is one contemplation, which when often practised and developed leads to a complete turning away from this captivating world, to detachment, to silencing, to ceasing, to Peace, to penetrating knowledge, to Enlightenment, and thus to Nibbana...Any Noble Disciple, who by progress have understood this Dhamma, dwells frequently in this state. Which is that unique contemplation?The Noble Disciple contemplates on the divine beings in this very way: There are the divine beings on the plane of the Four Great Kings, there arethe divine beings of the World of the Thirty-three, there are a Yama World, there are the Contented Devas, there are also those enjoying own creation! There are those with power over others creations, those of the Brahma world, and those still far above them... Now, such faith, morality, wisdom, generosity, concentration and understanding, which these divine beings acted upon and which made them re-appear on a divine plane after leaving this world, such good qualities as these, are also found in me! When a Noble Disciple reflects thus, his mind is neither obsessed by any greed, nor by any hate, nor by any confusion! Uplifted and elated is his mind, and this makes the Noble Disciple gain further deeper understanding of the Dhamma, & thus makes the Noble Disciple delight in the Dhamma! Being delighted, there arises rapturous joy in him. Being filled with rapture & joy, he is inwardly satisfied & he becomes quite calm. Being calmed makes him enjoy bliss and happiness and the mind of the Happy One becomes collected, condensed and concentrated... Of this Noble Disciple, friends, it is said that among many misguided humans, among suffering humankind, he lives freed from suffering! And as one who has entered the stream to Nibbana, he cultivates further his contemplation. When, friends, a Noble Disciple has reached the fruit of understanding the Dhamma, he dwells often with a calm smile in this state! Source: AN 6:10

Sakka king of the 33 devas, hovering about with some of his many nymphs. A devata = goddess

Many devas can attain whatever form and colour at will. Some is made of light!They do not like the smell of humans like we don't like the smell of eg. pigs…There are 31 levels of existence (Human is level 5!). There thus numerous devas.http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dham ... /loka.html

Whoever is never looking only for his own comfort & who does not enjoy his house, job, & social status, this one as chief of planets will be rebornat the level of the Maharajika gods. Whoever venerates mother, father,clan elders and recluses, is charitable, patient and takes no pleasure in quarrelling will be reborn among the Thirty-three gods. Whoever neither like dispute, nor engage in quarrels, but only cherish righteousness go to the Yama gods. Those who are very learned, who know Dhamma by heart, are very wise, longing for release, completely content with the virtue ofpure morality goes to the Tusita gods. Those who spontaneously are based on right behaviour, giving, and monastic discipline, and are full of effort, inevitably go to the Nimmanarati gods. Those who are of superior virtue, are open-minded and devoted to giving, self-control and mental refinery will be reborn among the Paranimitta gods. One attains to the Tavatimsaheaven by right conduct, to the blessing of Brahmas fine material world by jhana meditation and to Nibbana by knowing things as they really are. The fruit of ones behaviour is pleasant or unpleasant. Pleasing behaviour produce a comfortable future state, while unpleasant behaviour has painand suffering as future effect. These 3 should be reflected much upon: Death, disease, decay and old age, separation from all one likes, and the inevitable fruit of each particular type of action. Thus will one graduallyreach the destruction of greed. Whoever is free from greed, progressesto performing much merit! Thus one discards all evil. You must all listen carefully to this summary. This has been explained by the Great Seer!Doing what is beneficial for others & avoiding what is harmful to others is advantageous action, while detrimental action is doing the opposite...Five rebirth-destinations as god, human, ghost, animal, or hell being have been explained by Buddha himself to be the possible states of existence!

One should be grateful towards one's Parents! Why so?They have worked hard and very long raising one into being!

One should be grateful towards one's Teachers! Why so?They do much to make one learn and understand the good...

One should be grateful towards one's Friends! Why so?They have shown one an open kindness and much goodwill!

One should be grateful towards one's Spouse! Why so?They have loyally accompanied one along a long way...

What is the future kammic effect of gratitude or ungratefulness?The one who is grateful will receive gifts and favours ever again!The one who is ungrateful will never again receive gifts or favours!Thankfulness wisely invested thus pays back quite a lot!

5th May 2012 Vesak Day celebrates birth, Enlightenment, and passing away of the Buddha Gotama. Rejoice! Keep clean, calm, cool, clever, and caring...About this Buddhist Vesak Festival: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VesakThis May full moon also celebrates the Buddha's third visit to Sri Lanka in the eighth year after his Enlightenment where he journeyed to Kelaniya on the invitation of the Naga King Maniakkhika (Mahavamsa i,72ff.). The day also celebrates the crowning of king Devanampiyatissa (Mhv.Xi.42), and the laying of the foundation stone of the Maha Stupa (Mhv.Xxix.1)

Please Remember:At this very May full moon in year 528 BC the Blessed Buddha awakened by completely perfect and utterly unsurpassable self-Enlightenment! At that time a girl named Sujata Senani lived in Uruvela. When adult she prayed before a certain Banyan tree, that she might get a good husband equal to herself in caste & that her firstborn may be a son. Her prayer was successful. Since indeed it did happen. At the full moon day of the Wesak month, she rose at early dawn and milked the cows. As soon as new buckets were placed under the cows, the milk poured spontaneously in streams all by itself! Seeing this miracle, she knew something special was happening!That same night the Future Buddha dreamt 5 dreams making him conclude: "Surely, truly, without any doubt, today I will reach perfect Enlightenment!"His 5 colored radiance illuminated the whole tree. Then Sujata came and offered the cooked milk rice into the hands of this Great Being.

Later a local grass-cutter came going with a bundle of grass just harvested from nearby. He offered the Great Being 8 handfuls of Kusa grass, when he saw that this Sage was a Holy Man. The Future Buddha accepted the grass and proceeded to the foot of the Bodhi-tree. Reaching the imperturbable Eastern side, where all the Buddhas take their seat, he sat down saying to himself: This is the immovable spot, where all the prior supreme Buddhas have planted themselves! This is the place for destroying this net of desire! Then the Future Buddha turned his back to the trunk and thus faced east. Right there, he then resolutely settled on this mighty decision:Let just blood and flesh of this body dry up & let skin and sinews fall from the bones. I will not leave this seat before having attained the absolute andSupreme Self-Enlightenment!

So determined did he seat himself in this unconquerable seat, from which not a 100 lightning strikes could make him waver from. At this very moment the rebel deity Mara -The Evil One- raised exclaiming: Prince Siddhattha will pass beyond my power, but I will never allow it! And sounding the Mara's war shout, he summoned his mighty army for battle. Then Mara warned his evil militia: This Sakyamuni, son of Suddhodana, is far greater than any other man, so we will never succeed to fight him up front. We must thus attack him from the rear. Frustrated, being unable even to touch this big wielder of power also with 9 mighty hurricanes of wind, rain, rocks, weapons, red coals, hot ashes, sand, mud, and darkness Mara somewhat in panic shouted at his army: "Why do you all stand still? Seize, kill & drive away this prince!"

Mara then yelled: "Siddhattha, leave this seat. It is not yours, but mine!"Hearing this, the Well-gone One replied: Mara, neither have you fulfilled the 10 perfections to the third degree, nor have you given the 5 great donations. Neither have you striven for insight, nor for the welfare of all the world, nor for supreme self-enlightenment! Therefore does this very seat surely not belong to you, but truly indeed only to me. Suddenly overpowered by fear Mara's followers fled helter-skelter in all directions. Not two went in the same direction, but leaving their weapons in a chaos, they all fled terrified by metaphysical panic. Seeing them flee thus, the great assembly of deities triumphantly shouted: Mara is defeated. Prince Siddhattha has won! Let us celebrate this truly sublime, wonderful and unique victory! It was before the sun had set that the Tathagata conquered Mara and defeated his army. That same night, after having bathed, while the Bo tree rained red sprigs onto his robe, The Consummate One gained knowledge of his prior lives during the 1st watch of the night: "With the mind thus concentrated, purified, bright, unified, focused, tractable, compliant, steady & imperturbable, I directed mind to remembrance of my past lives. I recollected many past lives, i.e., one re-birth, two...five, ten... 50, a hundred, a thousand, 100 thousand, many eons of cosmic contraction, & many eons of cosmic expansion: There I had such a name, belonged to such a clan & species, had such a body. Such was my food, such my life of pleasures and pains. Such was the end of my life. Passing away from that state, I re-arose there. There I had such name, belonged to such a sort & family, had such a form. Such was my food, such my experience of pleasures & pains. Such was the end of my life. Passing away from that state, I re-arose here. Thus I remembered my various past lives in all their various modes and manifold details. This was the first knowledge I attained in the first watch of the night. Ignorance was destroyed; the knowledge arose; darkness was destroyed; light arose as happens in one who is alert, aware, and determined. But the very pleasant feeling that arose by this did neither invade my mind, nor remain. With the mind thus concentrated, purified, bright, intact, pliant, malleable, steady, and totally imperturbable, I directed it to the knowledge of the passing away and reappearance of beings. I saw by means of the divine eye, purified & surpassing the human eye! I saw beings passing away & re-appearing, and I realized how & why they are high or low, beautiful or ugly, fortunate and unfortunate all in exact accordance with the intentions of their prior actions: These beings who were endowed with bad behaviour of body, speech, and mind, who reviled the Noble Ones, held wrong views & acted under the influence of wrong views, with the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in the plane of misery, the bad painful destination, the lower realms, even in hell. But the beings who were gifted with good behaviour of body, speech and mind, who did not revile the Noble Ones, who held right views and acted under the influence of right views after the break-up of the body, after the death, have re-appeared in happy destinations, even in a divine world! Thus by means of the divine eye, purified and surpassing the human I saw beings passing away & re-appearing, all in accordance with their particular mixture of good and bad kamma...But the satisfaction that arose here did neither invade my mind, nor remain. With the mind thus concentrated and completely absorbed, I then directed it towards understanding the ending of mental fermentation. I realized how it actually comes to be, that:This is Suffering... Such is the Cause of Suffering... Such is the End of Suffering... Such is the Way to End Suffering...

Such was the mental fermentations... Such is the Cause of mental fermentation... Such is the End of mental fermentation... Such is the Way leading to the end of mental fermentation.

When my mind saw that, it was instantly freed of the fermentation of allsense-desire, it was released from the fermentation of becoming, and it became fully uncovered from the fermentation of ignorance. Thus fully and perfectly Enlightened - The Buddha - perceiving this immense glory, spoke these 2 solemn verses, which never has been omitted by any of countless billions of prior Buddhas:

Through this round of countless existences have I searched, but yet failed to find "the Creator", who framed this construction: What Suffering indeed is such endless birth, ageing, decay, sickness and ever repeated death!Now I see that "the Constructor" of this structure is Craving...!!! Never shall this construction be built again, since all the rafters are shattered and the main beam is busted and completely broken... At this calming of all Craving, the mind was finally, irreversibly and ultimately stilled…Then, friends, this revelation of certainty arose in me: This release is indeedimmutable, this is the very last rebirth, this endless reappearance has finally come to a happy end...Nibbana is verily the Highest Bliss!

Amisa dana: – or the gift of material things is practised by people of all religions and is very common. Food, clothes and houses are given to people of little means or to refugees through various religious and social organizations. It is, no doubt, a good thing to satisfy the hunger of the starving & the yearning of the thirsty. This type of donation is highly recommended in Buddhism and is called the Amisa dana. (The donation of material things).Next comes the Abhaya dana: - or giving life to those whose lives are in danger caused by fire, water or enemies. Sometimes we hear of people, who are about to die due to lack of blood. To donate blood and save another human's life is indeed a great thing. Donation of eyes and kidneys is also highly appreciated and comes under Abhaya dana – fearless donation of life.The last one: Dhamma dana: - or the gift of Truth of the Doctrine is said to be the highest of all donations on earth. Why so?Because it opens the Door to the Deathless Dimension!There is no other giving, which is even remotely comparable.

The gift of Dhamma surpasses all other Gifts. The flavour of Dhamma surpasses all other flavours. The delight in Dhamma surpasses all other delights. He who has destroyed craving overcomes all sorrow.Dhammapada 354

Since all these thoughts are irrelevant and even detrimental to the basics of the Noble life & they furthermore do neither induce revulsion, nor disillusion,nor ceasing, nor Peace, nor any true knowledge of Enlightenment or Nibbana! When you think, Bhikkhus, you should only think thoughts like these:

1: This is Suffering; 2: This is the Cause of Suffering; 3: This is the End of Suffering; 4: This is the Way leading to the End of Suffering...

Why so?Such thoughts are of prime relevance and highly advantageous to the basics of the Noble life & they furthermore gradually induce both revulsion, detachment,stilling, Peace, and direct knowledge of Enlightenment & Nibbana. Therefore, Bhikkhus, an effort should be made much of so to completely understand: This is Suffering; This is the Cause of Suffering; This is the End of Suffering; This is the Way leading to the End of Suffering... An effort should be made to understand, comprehend, penetrate, recognize & realize these 4 Noble Truths!

Comments:Keep mind focused on these 4 facts whenever it strays into fun, wrath or ill...

The Blessed Buddha once explained:Who is welcoming and friendly,Generous, open and unselfish,A guide, an instructor, a leader,Such one will gain much honour!Digha Nikaya 31

The friend who is a helping companion,The friend both in happiness and misery,The friend who gives good & sound advice,The friend who really cares & understands...These four, the clever knows as good Friends! These 4 heroes, one should cherish devotedly,as a mother nurses her own only child. Digha Nikaya 31

If one finds a wise and intelligent friend, who lives a good, correct & fully pure life, Then, overcoming all obstacles, one shouldalways keep his joyous and alert company... Dhammapada 328

1. What sort of person is one released occasionally?Here a person goes on experiencing the eight stages of deliverance* from time to time, and having seen & understood them through insight, only some of his mental impurities (kilesas) are completely destroyed. Such a person is said to be released occasionally.* The 4 lower jhanas + 4 formless jhanas

2. What sort of person is one released not only occasionally?Here a person goes on experiencing the eight stages of deliverance though not only from time to time, and having seen & known them through insight, all his mental impurities are completely destroyed. Such a person is said to be released not only occasionally.

3. What sort of person is one of perturbable nature?Here a person obtains the 4 lower jhanas & also the 4 formless jhanas, but he does not obtain them with the certainty he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without travail. Neither does he enter, nor emerge from them where-ever he wants, nor when-ever he wants, nor as long as he wish to. There remains the possibility that neglect overcoming him should perturb those attainments. Such a person is said to be of perturbable nature.

4. What sort of person is one of imperturbable nature?Here a person obtains the 4 lower jhanas & also the 4 formless jhanas, and he does indeed obtain them with the certainty he desires, without any difficulty, effortless. He enters into, remains in, and emerges from them where-ever he desires, when-ever he desires, and as long as he desires. There remains no possibility that neglect should overcome him & perturb those attainments. Such a person is said to be of imperturbable nature.

5. What sort of person is one of imperfect nature?Here a person obtains the 4 lower jhanas & also the 4 formless jhanas, but he does not obtain them with the certainty he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without travail. Neither does he enter, nor emerge from them where-ever he desires, nor when-ever he desires, nor as long as he desires. There remains the possibility that neglect overcoming him should perturb those attainments. Such a person is said to be of imperfect nature.

6. What sort of person is one of faultless natureHere a person obtains the 4 lower jhanas & also the 4 formless jhanas, and he does indeed obtain them with the certainty he desires, without any difficulty, effortless. He enters into, remains in, and emerges from them where-ever he desires, when-ever he desires, and as long as he desires. There remains no possibility that neglect should overcome him & perturb those attainments, causing him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of faultless nature.

7. What sort of person is he, who is made competent by intention?Here a person obtains the 4 lower jhanas & also the 4 formless jhanas, but he does not obtain them with the certainty he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without travail. Neither does he enter, nor emerge from them where-ever he desires, nor when-ever he desires, nor as long as he desires. If he follows this up by intending not to fall away, he does not fall away,if he does not so deliberately intend, he does indeed fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person, who is made competent by intention.

8. What sort of person is he, who is made competent by guarding?Here a person obtains the 4 lower jhanas & also the 4 formless jhanas, but he does not obtain them with the certainty he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without travail. Neither does he enter, nor emerge from them where-ever he desires, nor when-ever he desires, nor as long as he desires. If he is watchful and guards them, he does not fall away from those states.If he is neither watchful, nor guards them, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person, who is made competent by guarding.

9. What sort of person is said to be an ordinary person (puthujjana)?The person whose first three obstructing fetters # have not yet been eliminated, and who is not going to do anything to put these away, such a person is said to be an ordinary person = puthujjana.Comment #:Fetter 1: Personality-belief (sakkaya-ditthi)Fetter 2: Sceptical doubt (vicikiccha) Fetter 3: Clinging to mere rules and ritual (Silabbata-Paramasa; s. upadana)

10. What sort of person is one become of the Noble family?The person, who is endowed with those conditions immediately after entering the Noble State, is said now to be one of the Noble family.

11 and 12. What sort of person is one dominated by fear?The seven kinds of learners (sekha) and those ordinary persons, who observe the 5 precepts are restrained by fear.The fearless Arahats are not controlled by fear.

13. What sort of person is incapable of progress?The persons, who are covered with the veil of kamma, covered with a disguise of evil passions, covered with the shrouded membrane of the consequences thereof, who are devoid of faith, wanting, greedy, who are foolish, stupid, incapable of walking the Way recognised to be the true path in regard to things that are good: These persons are said to be incapable of progress.

14. What sort of person is capable of progress?The persons who are neither covered with the veil of kamma, nor covered with disguise of evil passions, nor covered with shade of the consequences thereof, who have faith, who wish good, who are wise & capable of walking the sole Way,which is the true path, in regard to things that are good, true & advantageous: These persons are said to be capable of progress.

15 and 16. What sort of person is one with determined destinyThe five types of persons going to hell* and those who hold wrong views ** are persons with a determined destiny. The eight types of Noble persons are persons with a determined destiny. The remaining persons are with an so far undetermined destiny.

Comments:* They have either:Killed Mother or Father.Killed an Arahat.Caused a Split in Sangha.Injured a SammaSamBuddha by causing him to bleed.

** Having Wrong View they claim:There is nothing given, nothing offered, nothing sacrificed, no fruit nor anyripening of neither good, nor evil actions, no this world, no world beyond, no need to service mother, or father, no spontaneously reborn beings, no good and virtuous monks and brahmins, who have themselves realized this by direct knowledge and explain this world and the other worlds beyond this one.

17 and 18. What sort of person is a path-walker?The four persons, who possess the path are path-walkers. The four persons, who possess the fruition stage are established in the fruition of the path.

19. What sort of person is he who is 'equal-headed'?The person in whose mental impurities (kilesas) cease right at the moment of death. Such a person is said to be one, who is 'equal-headed'.

20: What sort of person is one for whom an aeon endures?Should such a person strive for the fruition of stream-entrance, and should it then be the time for the imploding conflagration of the existing universe, then this universe will not burn up before this person realises the Noble state: This person is said to be one for whom an aeon endures. All persons who possess the path (magga) are such.

21 and 22. What sort of person is a Noble?The eight types of Noble persons are the Noble. The remaining persons are not Noble.

23-25. What sort of person is a learner (sekha)? The four persons, who possess the path and the three persons, who possess the fruition are learners. Arahats are not learners, but learned (asekha). The remaining most common persons are neither learners, nor non-learners...

26. What sort of person is a master of threefold knowledgesA person having three knowledges is a person endowed with the threefold lore:tevijja = possessed of three vijjas: namely:Pubbe-nivasananam = knowledge of previous incarnations, Dibba-cakkhunapam = knowledge of divine deva-sight, Arahantaphalanapam = knowledge of Arahatship.

27. What sort of person is a possessor of the six superknowledges (abhinna)?A person having these is a person endowed with six superknowledges, whichare the 6 supra-normal powers of thought and will:1: Various magical powers,2: Deva-ear,3: Knowing the thoughts of others,4: Remembering previous incarnations,5: Deva-sight, clairvoyance,6: Knowledge of how to eliminate the 3 mental fermentations = 3 Asava:1: Kamasava: The mental fermentation of sense-desire, 2: Bhavasava: The mental fermentation of always longing after new being, 3: Avijjasava: The mental fermentation of ignorance of the Four Noble Truths.

28. What sort of person is a Perfectly Enlightened One (Samma-SamBuddha).Here a certain person, who by himself thoroughly understands the sublime truths regarding the doctrines not heard of before, and he attains omniscience therein, as well as perfect mastery over all possible abilities. This sort of person is said to be a Perfectly Enlightened One = Samma-SamBuddha.

29. What sort of person is enlightened alone & privately (Pacceka Buddha)?Here a certain person, who by himself thoroughly understands the sublime truths regarding the doctrines not heard of before, but attains neither omniscience nor perfect mastery over all possible abilities. This sort of person is said to be one enlightened solitarily = Pacceka Buddha.

30. What sort of person is released in both ways (ubhato-bhaga-vimutta) ?Here a person obtains the 4 lower jhanas & also the 4 formless jhanas, and having seen & understood them through insight, all of his mental impurities (kilesas) are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be released in both ways = ubhato-bhaga-vimutta.

31. What sort of person is released by way of insight (pañña-vimutti)?Here a person does not obtain the 4 lower jhanas , nor the 4 formless jhanas, but having seen & understood phenomena through insight, all of his mental impurities (kilesas) are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be released by insight = pañña-vimutti.

32. What sort of person is an eye-witness (kaya-sakkhi) ?Here a person obtains the 4 lower jhanas & also the 4 formless jhanas, and having seen & understood them through insight, some of his mental impurities (kilesas) are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be an eye-witness = kaya-sakkhi.

33. What sort of person is one, who has won vision?Here a man truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the cause of suffering, that this is the ceasing of suffering, and that this is the way leading to the ceasing of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathagata are perceived by him through insight, as well as practised; and having seen phenomena through insight, some of his mental impurities are completely eliminated. This sort of person is said to be one, who has won vision.

34. What sort of person is released by faith?Here a man truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the cause of suffering, that this is the ceasing of suffering, and that this is the way leading to the ceasing of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathagata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised, and having understoodthem through insight, some of his mental impurities are completely destroyed, though not in the same deeper way, as in the case of one who has won vision. This sort of person is said to be one released by faith.

35. What sort of person is a Dhamma-Follower?The ability of insight of a person going to realise the fruit of stream-entrance develops to a large extent; he cultivates the Noble Path carrying with it insight, Such a person practising for the fruition of a stream-attainer is a Dhamma-Follower, while the same person established in the fruition, is one who has won vision.

36. What sort of person is a Faith-Follower?The ability of faith of a person going to realise the fruit of stream-entrance develops to a large extent. He cultivates the Noble Path carrying with it faith, which is initiated by faith - this sort of person is said to be one Faith-Follower. Such a person striving after the fruition stage of stream-attaining is a faith-follower; while the same person established in the fruition is released by faith.

37. What sort of person is one, who is re-born only 7 times more at most? Here a person, having completely destroyed the first three fetters, becomes a stream-attainer; he is no more prone to fall into lower rebirth than as human,but is destined to succeed to enlightenment after transmigrating seven times at most among devas and men. Such a person is said to be one not undergoing re-birth more than seven times.

38. What sort of person is he, who transmigrates among good families?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first three fetters, becomesa stream-attainer; he is no more liable to fall into lower rebirth than as a human,but is destined to succeed to enlightenment; he transmigrates two or three times among good families and then makes an end of suffering. Such a person is said to be one, who migrates from good family to good family.

39. What sort of person is single seeded?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first three fetters, becomesa stream-attainer; he is no more liable to fall into lower rebirth than as a human,but is destined to succeed to enlightenment. Having returned only once more to the state of human existence makes an end of suffering. Such a person is said to be single-seeded.

40. What sort of person is a once-returner (Sakadagami)?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first three fetters, andhaving furthermore weakened greed, hatred and confusion, he becomes a once-returner, who by coming back once only to this human world, will make a final end to all suffering. Such a person is said to be a once-returner.

41. What sort of person is a non-returner (Anagami)?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first five fetters causing re-birth in the lower worlds, becomes a being of spontaneous divine re-birth; attaining the final release at that same level, he is not liable to return from that high deity state. Such a man is said to be a non-returner = Anagami.

42. What person is one, who reaches release before half-time (antara-parinibbayi)?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first five fetters causing re-birth in the lower worlds, becomes a being of spontaneous divine re-birth; attaining the final release at that same level, he is not liable to return from that high deity state. Either immediately after his coming there or before reaching the middle life length, he produces the Noble Path and puts away the remaining 5 higher fetters. Such a person is said to be one, who reaches release before half-time = antara-parinibbayi.

43. What sort of person is one who crosses the half-time (upahacca-parinibbayi)?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first five fetters causing re-birth in the lower worlds, becomes a being of spontaneous divine re-birth; attaining the final release at that same level, he is not liable to return from that high deity state. After crossing the middle of the life span, he brings forth the Noble Path and thus puts away the 5 higher fetters. Such a person is said to be one, who crosses the half-time = upahacca-parinibbayi.

44. What sort of person reaches Nibbana without effort (asankhara-parinibbayi)?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first five fetters causing re-birth in the lower worlds, becomes a being of spontaneous divine re-birth; attaining the final release at that same level, he is not liable to return from that high deity state. He spontaneously brings forth the Noble Way & puts away the 5 higher fetters. He reaches Nibbana without effort = asankhara-parinibbayi.

45. What person one who reaches Nibbana with effort (sasankhara-parinibbayi)?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first five fetters causing re-birth in the lower worlds, becomes a being of spontaneous divine re-birth; attaining the final release at that same level, he is not liable to return from that high deity state. By persistent effort he produces the Noble Path and putsaway the 5 higher fetters. Such a person is called one, who reaches Nibbana with some effort = sasankhara-parinibbayi.

46. What person is an upstream Akanittha-Traveller (uddhamsota-akanittha-gami)?Here a person, having completely destroyed the first five fetters causing re-birth in the lower worlds, becomes a being of spontaneous divine re-birth; attaining the final release at that same level, he is not liable to return from that high deity state. Having deceased from Aviha (the can-not-fall-back-gods) hegoes to Atappa (at-ease gods), having died there at the Atappa deva level he goes to Sudassa (good-looking gods), having deceased from Sudassa he goes to Sudassi (clear-sighted gods), having deceased from Sudassi he goes to Akanittha (senior gods).In the Akanittha abode he brings forth the Noble Path & puts away the 5 higher fetters.Such a person is an upstream Akanittha-Traveller = uddhamsota-akanittha-gami.

47. Who is a stream-attainer and who is one striving for the fruition stage?Any person, who works for putting away the first three fetters is one working for realisation of the fruition stage of a stream-attainer, while the person whose three first fetters already have been put away is said to be a stream-attainer.

48. Who is a once-returner & who is striving for once-return fruition?Any person, who is working for the destruction of sense-desire and ill-will is striving for once-return fruition, while the person whose sense-desire & ill-will already has been reduced much, is said to be a once-returner.

49. Who is a non-returner (Anagami) and works for non-return fruition?Any person, who is working for the traceless elimination of sense-desire and ill-will is still striving for realisation of the fruition stage of a non-returner.The person whose sense-desire & ill-will has been entirely eradicated withoutany remaining traces left back, is said to be a non-returner.

50. Who is an Arahat, and who is one striving of the Arahat fruition stage?A person working for putting away attachment to form and the formless, to pride, arrogance, and ignorance without any residuum is one working for the fruition stage of Arahatship. The person whose attachment to form and the formless, and whose pride, conceit and ignorance already has been entirely eradicated, is said to be an Arahat.

Here ends the designation of grouping beings by One.

The various kinds of Physical Frames are obvious, since they are visible!

The various kinds of Mental Types are not trivial, since they are invisible!

The Blessed Buddha once pointed out:This dependent origination is profound, Ananda, and profound it appears. Moreover, Ananda, it is through not knowing it, due to not comprehending it, that this generation has become a tangled coil, like a knotted ball of thread, snarled and twisted like creepers. It is because of not understanding thatsubtle causality of dependent origination, that this generation cannot find any way out of this Samsaric round of rebirths, with its many states of loss,painful unhappy destinies, and even purgatory hells. DN II 55

There is no one, not even in a dream, who has ever got out of this fearful round of rebirths, always destroying beings, unless he he has cut through this wheel of becoming with the razor blade of understanding well whetted on the stone of sublime concentration. This cyclic sequence of cause of effect offers no footing owing to its great profundity, and is therefore hard to get a handle on due to the maze of complex details. Vism 586

Therefore, practising for his own and others' advantage and welfare, let any wise man practise deliberately and fully aware, so that he may begin to find a footing in the abysmal deeps of the profound principle of dependent origin!

In Quantum-Mechanics this Dependence is called Entanglement or Non-Locality!

Buddha once explained existence as a chain of dependent emergence:Some recluses & priests declare these excessively speculative views:'Everything Exists'; which is the one extreme (Sarvastavadin Eternalism).Other recluses & priests declare a just as hypothetical opposite extremeview: 'Everything does Not Exist' (Sunyatavadin Annihilationism).Avoiding both these extremes the Well-Gone-Beyond Buddha teachesthis Dhamma from the Middle:

When this is present, that also exists.When this emerges, that also arises. When this is absent, that neither exists.When this ceases, that also vanishes.

The Blessed Buddha once said:Bhikkhus and Friends: Once the mental release by infinite Friendlinesshas been developed, frequently practised, firmly established, expanded, made a vehicle, foundation, and brought to full perfection, then it will be impossible for ill-will to take possession of and obsess the mind, for the mental release by infinite Friendliness is the release from all ill-will!Once the mental release by compassionate Pity & tender understandinghas been developed, frequently practised, firmly established, expanded, made a vehicle, foundation, and brought to full perfection, then it will be impossible for violence to take possession of and obsess the mind, for the mental release by compassionate Pity is the release from all violence!Once the mental release by mutual Joy rejoicing in other being's successhas been developed, frequently practised, firmly established, expanded, made a vehicle, foundation, and brought to full perfection, then it will be impossible for discontent to take possession of & obsess the mind, for the mental release by mutual Joy is the release from all discontent!Once the mental release by serene, still and imperturbable Equanimityhas been developed, frequently practised, firmly established, expanded, made a vehicle, foundation, and brought to full perfection, then it will be impossible for greed & lust to take possession of & obsess the mind, for release by imperturbable Equanimity is the deliverance from all greed!

In short: Because the concept of a “self” – itself! – prescribe that this “ego” remains exactly the same over a prolonged time! So also do we subjectively indeed experience it: "Though older "I" am the same ‘person’ with the same ‘name’..." we say and automatically tend to think…However only the name, which is an empty designation or ‘label’ remains the same, but nothing of what that this label ‘names’ or signifies, whether mental or physical remains the same even for a millisecond! All mental states and also all bodily material states change momentarily!Thus "we" are never exactly the same from one moment to the next. Nor is anything external...!

Secondly: A true ‘Self’ is assumed to be in full power over itself… Otherwise: If this self have no power over itself: Who or what has then power of this self? If anything has power over the self then this actually deserves more to be called a 'self'. However realistically all events depend on specific causes and not any imaginary ‘self’! Nothing is the same. Everything is changing. Nothing is a static entity. Everything is a dynamic process.Nothing is therefore under full control of any self. And nothing can ever be under full control of selfsince everything is dependent on its own specific causes.

The "Ego-Me-I-Self" is a mere recursive auto-projection or "self"-imagination of a non-real entity!

Thirdly: There is individuality:Only a single process of the 5 clusters of clinging (khandha) conventionally called ‘a person’experiences the kammic after effects of it ‘own’ past activities… Other clusters of clinging conventionally called ‘other persons’ do not run into or experience these kammic effects.But there is no identity:Nothing within or outside of this ever re-arising process of these 5 clusters of clinging is ever the ‘same’ or therefore ‘identical’, or therefore an ‘identity’… The ‘person’ is thus neither ever the ‘same’, nor ever ‘another’, but just a selfless process of ever changing momentary states…Nothing of such ephemeral transience is ever worth clinging to!

As the Buddha said (and only the Buddhas can re-discover this):"Sabbe Dhamma Anatta!" = All phenomena are no-self and core-less! All states are Impersonal! There is no Agent, or Substance neither behind, nor within, nor without any Appearance...

'Blissful is solitude for one who is content, learned & who see the True Dhamma.Blissful is harmlessness towards all beings without exception.Blissful is freedom from any sensual urge whatsoever.Yet, the supreme bliss, is the elimination of this abysmal conceit “I am”!’ Udana – Inspiration: II – 1

Mental Factors of Entry:1: Absence of any Urge of Desire 2: Absence of any Aversion of Ill Will3: Absence of any Lethargy and Laziness4: Absence of any Restlessness and Regret5: Absence of any Doubt and Uncertainty1: Presence of Directed Thought 2: Presence of Sustained Thought3: Presence of Rapturous Joy4: Presence of Pleasurable Bliss5: Presence of Single-Pointed Focus

Subjective Experience:Intense presence and awareness. Effortless, undistracted, and focused thinking.Attention anchored even at ease at any chosen object. Mind is fixed and unified.Result of chain of reasoning arguments is always reached quickly and successfully. Body is without any pain and is felt like being a feather inside a big empty silent hall.There is Joy, Bliss and Happiness mixed into Solid Calm like a Smiling Mountain!

Buddha Said:Having momentarily eliminated the five mental hindrances of: Sense Desire, Ill Will, Lethargy and Laziness, Restlessness and Regret, and Doubt and Uncertainty,defiling imperfections of the mind that obstruct concentration and understanding,quite secluded from sensual pleasures, separated from disadvantageous mental states,one enters and dwells in the first Jhana absorption of directed and sustained thought joined with joy and pleasure born of secluded solitude. One makes this joy and pleasure born of secluded solitude pervade, perfuse and fill the entire body so that all parts is thrilled by this joy and pleasure born of secluded solitude. Even as a clever barber or his apprentice would put soap powder in a brass basin, sprinkle it with water, gradually knead and moist it into a ball of foam soaked thoroughly everywhere inside out yet without dripping so too he pervade, perfuse and fill his entire body so that all parts is completely drenched with joy and pleasure born of secluded solitude.

The Blessed Buddha once said:The days and nights are flying past. Life dwindles hurriedly away:The life of mortals vanishes like water in a tiny stream.SN 4:10

FUTURE FALLAs in the morning one may fear the falling of the ripened fruits;So do all mortals in this world live in constant fear of death...Since they know: Certain is their future death!Sn 576

CERTAINAll beings are subject to death, end in death, can never escape death.As every earthenware pot that has been fashioned by the potter's hand,No matter whether small or great will fall & break to pieces in the end:Just so are all beings subject to death, end in death, can never escape death.All beings some time have to die, their life one day will end in death,And they will fare after their doings: The good or bad fruits they will earn.The evil-doer fares to the burning hell. The good Noble man to a happy world.Hence, Noble doings you should perform as a safe provision for the next life,For good doings for the next world give to all living beings their only supportOn the other side! SN 3:22

CRUSHEDJust as the mighty rocky mountains are stretching high up in the sky,Extending wide on all the land around and weighing heavily down on it!Just so do old age and Death suppress all living beings in this universe, whether warriors, priests, traders, workers, sweepers & all animals too.Not sparing anyone or anything whatsoever, crushing all life to be found.SN 3:25

MOMENTARY Whosoever knows this body to be as temporary as a bubble,as insubstantial as the mirror image, such one will break the flower tipped arrows of Mara and cannot be seen by this King of Death ... Dhammapada 46

SURPRISE (again)! Death carries off the man while distracted by gathering flowers of sensual pleasures, exactly and even so as a great flood carries away a sleeping village. Dhammapada 47

The Blessed Buddha once explained Loving-Kindness like this:This is what should be done by a clever one to arouse the advantageous:Having attained a peaceful state: He should be capable, straight, and very upright, easy to speak to, gentle and not proud, contented & easy to support, with few duties, living simple, with calmed senses, devoted, and neither angry,nor greedy. He should not do any mean thing, which wise men would criticize. He always should wish: Let all beings be happy, joyous, glad, safe and secure.Whatever living creatures there exist, still or moving, small or large, seen or unseen, far or near, already existing or coming into being, let all these living beings without any even single exception be perfectly happy! One should never despise anyone anywhere, nor humiliate anyone anywhere, nor ever wish for any being misery or harm, because of anger or irritation.Just as a mother would protect her only little son even risking her own life,exactly so should one cultivate an unbounded mentality towards all beings;loving-kindness towards all in this universe. One should cultivate an infinitemind, above, below and across, without barriers, without enmity, matchless.Whether standing, going, sitting, or lying down, even when slumbering should one practise this exalted infinite goodwill. This is said to be a Sacred State!Sn 143-151

Tranquillity comes due to insight. As he is sitting, whether by night or by day,then he experiences neither fatigue, heaviness, rigidity, slowness, nor sickness in his body, nor in his mind, but rather his body and mind are tranquil, very light,adaptable, pliable, quite sharp and ultra-clear! With his body and mind aided by such tranquillity, he experiences a superhuman delight, about which it is said:

A Bhikkhu with his mind all quiet...Retired to a remote & empty place.There right insight in the Dhamma,Awards him a superhuman delight!It is because he really comprehendsThe rise and fall of all phenomenaThat he relishes this high happiness:A silent joy not of this world!A bliss transcending the human!And knows it to be the deathless... Dhammapada 373-74