Intelligence synchronization is the “art” of integrating information collection and intelligence analysis with operations to effectively and efficiently support decision-making.

What are the 4 primary means for information collection?

Intelligence operations.

Reconnaissance.

Surveillance.

Security operations.

What is the purpose of intelligence analysis?

To describe the current—and attempt to proactively assess—threats, terrain and weather, and civil considerations.

What ADP/ADRP covers Unified Land Operations?

ADP/ADRP 3-0.

What is the description of Unified land operations?

Unified land operations describes how the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution.

The mission variables consist of mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations (known as METT-TC).

What is the is the Army’s warfighting doctrine?

Unified land operations .

What is a series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space?

A campaign.

What is a military action, consisting of two of more related tactical actions, designed to achieve a strategic objective, in whole or in part?

An operation.

What is a battle or engagement, employing lethal or nonlethal actions, designed for a specific purpose relative to the enemy, the terrain, friendly forces, or other entity?

A tactical action.

How are Army operations characterized?

Army operations are characterized by flexibility, integration, lethality, adaptability, depth, and synchronization.

What is Operational Art?

Operational art is the pursuit of strategic objectives, in whole or in part, through the arrangement of tactical actions in time, space, and purpose.

What is MDMP?

The military decision-making process.

What is the purpose of MDMP?

It integrates the activities of the commander, staff, subordinate headquarters, and other partners to understand the situation and mission; develop, analyze, and compare courses of action; decide on a course of action that best accomplishes the mission; and produce an operation order or order for execution.

What ADP/ADRP covers Special Operations?

ADP/ADRP 3-05.

What factors determine the employment of special operations forces?

National policy

Geographic combatant commander requirements

Joint force commander requirements

Ambassador requirements

The character of the operational environment

The nature of the threat

What are the Special Operations core principles?

Discreet

Precise

Scalable operations

What are the 12 Special Operations Force imperatives?

Understand the operational environment

Recognize political implications

Facilitate military and interagency activities

Engage the threat discriminately

Anticipate long-term effects

Ensure legitimacy and credibility

Anticipate and control psychological effects

Operate with and through others

Develop multiple options

Support long-term engagement

Provide sufficient intelligence

Balance security and synchronization

What will increase the effectiveness of shaping activities and improve execution of counterterrorism and irregular warfare?

Interdependence between special operations forces and conventional forces.

What critical capabilities represent the core of America’s unique Army special operations capabilities?

Special warfare

Surgical strike

What ADP/ADRP covers Stability?

ADP/ADRP 3-07.

What is Stabilization?

Stabilization is a process in which personnel identify and mitigate underlying sources of instability to establish the conditions for long-term stability.

What is the focus of stability tasks?

Identifying and targeting the root causes of instability.

Building the capacity of local institutions.

What are sources of instability?

Decreased support for the government based on what locals actually expect of their government.

Increased support for anti-government elements.

The undermining of the normal functioning of society where the emphasis must be on a return to the established norms.

What are Stability tasks?

Stability tasks are tasks conducted as part of operations outside the US in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief.

What are the principles that lay the foundation for long-term stability?

Conflict transformation.

Unity of effort.

Legitimacy and host-nation ownership.

Building partner capacity.

What is a line of effort?

A line of effort is a line that links multiple tasks using the logic of purpose rather than geographical reference to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions.

What is a decisive point?

A decisive point is a geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success.

What is a stability mechanism?

A stability mechanism is the primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions that support establishing a lasting, stable peace.

What is a defeat mechanism?

A defeat mechanism is the method through which friendly forces accomplish their mission against enemy opposition.

What ADP/ADRP covers Fires?

ADP/ADRP 3-09.

What are the core competencies of Fires?

Air Defense Artillery.

Field Artillery.

What are the critical capabilities of Fires?

Target Acquisition.

Target Discrimination.

Target Engagement.

What are the principles of Fires?

Precision.

Scalable.

Synchronized.

Responsive.

Networked.

What are the characteristics of Fires?

All Weather.

Precision/Near Precision Fires.

Mass Area Fires.

Air and Space Integration.

Inherently Joint.

What are the defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce effectiveness of such attack either through surveillance actions or active engagements of aerial threat?

Air defense artillery

What is Fire support?

Fire support is fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives.

What is the objective of fires planning?

To optimize combat power.

How is fire support planning accomplished?

Fire support planning is accomplished using targeting and the running estimate.

What is a Target?

A Target is an entity or object considered for possible engagement or other action.

What are the primary documents containing national preparedness doctrine?

The National Preparedness Goal.

The National Incident Management System (known as the NIMS).

The National Response Framework (formerly known as the National Response Plan).

What are the 15 emergency support functions (ESF)?

ESF #1: Transportation

ESF #2: Communications

ESF #3: Public Works and Engineering

ESF #4: Firefighting

ESF #5: Emergency Management

ESF #6: Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services

ESF #7: Logistics Management and Resource Support

ESF #8: Public Health and Medical Services

ESF #9: Search and Rescue

ESF #10: Oil and Hazardous Materials Response

ESF #11: Agriculture and Natural Resources

ESF #12: Energy

ESF #13: Public Safety and Security

ESF #14: Long-Term Community Recovery

ESF #14: Long-Term Community Recovery

ESF #15: External Affairs

Which warfighting function will the majority of DSCA missions stress?

The sustainment warfighting function.

While there are many potential missions for Soldiers as part of DSCA, what are the overarching purposes of all DSCA missions?

Save lives.

Alleviate suffering.

Protect property.

How many state and territorial National Guard elements are there?

54. All fifty states, the District of Columbia, territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico have National Guard forces making 54 state and territorial NG elements.

What is the Army National Guard’s dual role?

The Army National Guard’s dual role is as a state military force under the governor and as a reserve component of the Army that the President may mobilize for federal service.

In DSCA, military forces support a primary (or lead) civilian agency. What do commanders need to realize achieving the military end state means?

That state, territorial, local, and tribal authorities become able to provide effective support to their citizens without the further assistance from military forces.

What is one of the biggest mistakes that tactical commanders can make in DSCA?

Military forces operating freely within civilian jurisdictions risk upsetting the constitutional balance between civil authority, the military, and the private sector.

What ADP/ADRP covers Protection?

ADP/ADRP 3-37.

What is Protection?

Protection is the preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area.

What are the Protection principles?

1. Comprehensive. Protection is an all-inclusive utilization of complementary and reinforcing protection tasks and systems available to commanders, incorporated into the plan, to preserve the force.

2. Integrated. Protection is integrated with other activities, systems, efforts, and capabilities associated with unified land operations to provide strength and structure to the overall effort. Integration must occur vertically and horizontally with unified action partners throughout the operations process.

3. Layered. Protection capabilities are arranged using a layered approach to provide strength and depth. Layering reduces the destructive effect of a threat or hazard through the dispersion of energy or the culmination of the force.

4. Redundant. Protection efforts are often redundant anywhere that a vulnerability or a critical point of failure is identified. Redundancy ensures that specific activities, systems, efforts, and capabilities that are critical for the success of the overall protection effort have a secondary or auxiliary effort of equal or greater capability.

5. Enduring. Protection capabilities are ongoing activities for maintaining the objectives of preserving combat power, populations, partners, essential equipment, resources, and critical infrastructure in every phase of an operation.

What is the protection warfighting function?

The protection warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that preserve the force so that commanders can apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission

What is the first step toward effective protection?

Planning

During the preparation phase, what is the focus of protection?

Deterring and preventing the enemy or adversary from actions that would affect combat power and the freedom of action.

What is the staff looking for as they monitor the conduct of operations during execution?

Variances from the scheme of maneuver and protection.

Assessing protection is an essential, continuous activity that occurs throughout the operations process. What is Assessment?

Assessment is the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective.

What ADP/ADRP covers Offense and Defense?

ADP/ADRP 3-90.

What is tactics?

Tactics is the employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.

What is the tactical level of war?

The tactical level of war is the level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces.

What is an engagement?

An engagement is a tactical conflict, usually between opposing, lower echelon maneuver forces.

What echelons typically conduct engagements?

Brigades and smaller echelons typically conduct engagements.

How long to engagements last?

They are usually short, executed in terms of minutes, hours, or days.

What is a battle?

A battle consists of a set of related engagements that lasts longer and involves larger forces than an engagement.

What do battles affect?

Battles can affect the course of a campaign or major operation.

When does a battle occur?

A battle occurs when a division, corps, or army commander fights for one or more significant objectives. Battles are usually operationally significant, if not operationally decisive.

The art of tactics consists of three interrelated aspects. What are they?

The creative and flexible array of means to accomplish assigned missions.

Decision making under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy.

Understanding the effects of combat on Soldiers.

What is the science of tactic?

The science of tactics encompasses the understanding of those military aspects of tactics—capabilities, techniques, and procedures—that can be measured and codified.

What is a hasty operation?

A hasty operation is an operation in which a commander directs immediately available forces, using fragmentary orders, to perform activities with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for speed of execution.

What is a deliberate operation?

A deliberate operation is an operation in which the tactical situation allows the development and coordination of detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels

What ADP/ADRP covers Sustainment?

ADP/ADRP 4-0.

What is the sustainment warfighting function?

The sustainment warfighting function is related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance.

What is logistics?

Logistics is planning and executing of the movement and support of forces.

What are personnel services?

Personnel services are sustainment functions that man and fund the force, maintain Soldier and Family readiness, promote the moral and ethical values of the nation, and enable the fighting qualities of the Army.

What are the sustainment principles?

Integration.

Anticipation.

Responsiveness.

Simplicity.

Economy.

Survivability.

Continuity.

Improvisation.

What are the principles of personnel services?

Synchronization.

Timeliness.

Stewardship.

Accuracy.

Consistency.

What is the synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve a unity of effort?

Unified action.

What is the purposeful reliance by one Service’s forces on another Service’s capabilities to maximize the complementary and reinforcing effects of both?

Joint interdependence.

What are generating forces?

Generating forces consist of those Army organizations whose primary mission is to generate and sustain the operational Army’s capabilities for employment.

What are operating forces?

Operating forces are those forces whose primary missions are to participate in combat and the integral supporting elements thereof.

What ADP/ADRP covers The Operations Process?

ADP/ADRP 5-0.

What is the Army’s framework for exercising mission command?

The operations process.

What are the major mission command activities performed during operations?

What is a composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander?

An operational environment.

What is MDMP?

The military decision-making process is an iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operation plan or order.

What are the MDMP steps?

Step 1: Receipt of mission

Step 2: Mission analysis

Step 3: Course of action development

Step 4: Course of action analysis

Step 5: Course of action comparison

Step 6: Course of action approval

Step 7: Orders production, dissemination and transition

What are troop-leading procedures?

Troop-leading procedures are a dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for an operation. TLP are used by commanders and leaders without a staff.

What are the troop leading procedure steps?

Step 1: Receive the mission

Step 2: Issue a warning order

Step 3: Make a tentative plan

Step 4: Initiate movement

Step 5: Conduct reconnaissance

Step 6: Complete the plan

Step 7: Issue the order

Step 8: Supervise and refine the plan

What ADP/ADRP covers Mission Command?

ADP/ADRP 6-0.

What is the Army’s operational concept?

Unified land operations.

How are unified land operations accomplished?

Through decisive action.

What is decisive action?

The simultaneous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability operations (or defense support of civil authorities) that set the conditions for favorable conflict resolution.

What is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations?

Mission command.

What are the six principles of mission command?

Build cohesive teams through mutual trust.

Create shared understanding.

Provide a clear commander’s intent.

Exercise disciplined initiative.

Use mission orders.

Accept prudent risk.

Who are unified action partners?

Unified action partners are those military forces, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and elements of the private sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate during the conduct of operations.

What is unity of effort?

Unity of effort is coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization—the product of successful unified action.

What is the commander’s intent?

The commander’s intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander’s desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned.

What are mission orders?

Mission orders are directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are to achieve them.

What is the art of command?

The art of command as the creative and skillful exercise of authority through timely decision-making and leadership.

What ADP/ADRP covers Army Leadership?

ADP/ADRP 6-22.

What is leadership?

Leadership is the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization.

What is an Army Leader?

An Army leader is anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences people to accomplish organizational goals.

How can leaders mitigate resistance?

Leaders can mitigate resistance by anticipating what others value, their reactions to influence, their shared understanding of common goals, and their commitment to the general organization or the purpose of the mission and their trust in the organization and the leader.

What is command?

Command is the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment.

What is mission command?

Mission command is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations.

What conveys the expectations that the Army wants leaders to meet?

The Leadership Requirements Model

What are the leader attributes?

Character, presence and intellect.

What are the three categories of competencies?

The Army leader serves to lead others.

The Army leader serves to develop the environment, themselves, others and the profession as a whole.

The Army leader serves to achieve organizational goals.

The category of leads encompasses five competencies. What are they?

Leads others.

Extends influence beyond the chain of command.

Builds trust.

Leads by example.

Communicates.

What is the purpose of ADP 6-22, Army Leadership?

ADP 6-22 establishes the fundamental principles by which Army leaders accomplish their missions and care for their people.

What ADP/ADRP covers Training Units and Developing Leaders?

ADP/ADRP 7-0.

Who is responsible for training units and developing leaders?

Commanders.

Where does training begin?

Training begins in the generating force.

Where do Soldiers build on the fundamental skills, knowledge, and behaviors, which were developed in institutional training?

Operational assignments.

What is the Army’s institutional training and education system, which primarily includes training base centers and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for Soldiers, military leaders, and Army civilians?

The institutional training domain.

What are the training active organizations undertake while at home station, at maneuver combat training centers, during joint exercises, at mobilization centers, and while operationally deployed?

The operational training domain.

What is planned, goal-oriented learning that reinforces and expands the depth and breadth of an individual’s knowledge base, self-awareness, and situational awareness; complements institutional and operational learning; enhances professional competence; and meets personal objectives?

The self-development training domain.

What process do commanders apply to unit training and leader development?

The operations process—plan, prepare, execute, and assess

What are the Army principles of unit training?

Commanders and other leaders are responsible for training.

Noncommissioned officers train individuals, crews, and small teams.

Train to standard.

Train as you will fight.

Train while operating.

Train fundamentals first.

Train to develop adaptability.

Understand the operational environment.

Train to sustain.

Train to maintain.

Conduct multi-echelon and concurrent training.

What does METL stand for and what is it?

The unit’s mission-essential task list (METL) represents the doctrinal framework of fundamental tasks for which the unit was designed.