88 Administration and Management Knowledge of principles and processes involved in business and organizational planning, coordination, and execution. This includes strategic planning, resource allocation, manpower modeling, leadership techniques, and production methods

81 English Language Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar

69 Sales and Marketing Knowledge of principles and methods involved in showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategies and tactics, product demonstration and sales techniques, and sales control systems

65 Mathematics Knowledge of numbers, their operations, and interrelationships including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications

33 Computers and Electronics Knowledge of electric circuit boards, processors, chips, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming

33 Therapy and Counseling Knowledge of information and techniques needed to rehabilitate physical and mental ailments and to provide career guidance including alternative treatments, rehabilitation equipment and its proper use, and methods to evaluate treatment effects

31 Food Production Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting of food for consumption including crop rotation methods, animal husbandry, and food storage/handling techniques

21 Geography Knowledge of various methods for describing the location and distribution of land, sea, and air masses including their physical locations, relationships, and characteristics

21 Philosophy and Theology Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions, including their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, and practices, and their impact on human culture

17 History and Archeology Knowledge of past historical events and their causes, indicators, and impact on particular civilizations and cultures

17 Engineering and Technology Knowledge of equipment, tools, mechanical devices, and their uses to produce motion, light, power, technology, and other applications

15 Chemistry Knowledge of the composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods

92 Oral ExpressionThe ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand

92 Written ExpressionThe ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand

88 Written ComprehensionThe ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing

85 Oral ComprehensionThe ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences

81 Speech ClarityThe ability to speak clearly so that it is understandable to a listener

71 Near VisionThe ability to see details of objects at a close range (within a few feet of the observer)

67 Fluency of IdeasThe ability to come up with a number of ideas about a given topic. It concerns the number of ideas produced and not the quality, correctness, or creativity of the ideas.

65 Inductive ReasoningThe ability to combine separate pieces of information, or specific answers to problems, to form general rules or conclusions. It includes coming up with a logical explanation for why a series of seemingly unrelated events occur together.

63 Deductive ReasoningThe ability to apply general rules to specific problems to come up with logical answers. It involves deciding if an answer makes sense.

60 OriginalityThe ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem

60 Information OrderingThe ability to correctly follow a given rule or set of rules in order to arrange things or actions in a certain order. The things or actions can include numbers, letters, words, pictures, procedures, sentences, and mathematical or logical operations.

60 Problem SensitivityThe ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

58 Mathematical ReasoningThe ability to understand and organize a problem and then to select a mathematical method or formula to solve the problem

58 Number FacilityThe ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly

56 MemorizationThe ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures

56 Speech RecognitionThe ability to identify and understand the speech of another person

50 Category FlexibilityThe ability to produce many rules so that each rule tells how to group (or combine) a set of things in a different way.

50 Speed of ClosureThe ability to quickly make sense of information that seems to be without meaning or organization. It involves quickly combining and organizing different pieces of information into a meaningful pattern

46 Selective AttentionThe ability to concentrate and not be distracted while performing a task over a period of time

40 Time SharingThe ability to efficiently shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources)

35 Perceptual SpeedThe ability to quickly and accurately compare letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object

33 Auditory AttentionThe ability to focus on a single source of auditory (hearing) information in the presence of other distracting sounds

33 VisualizationThe ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged

33 Far VisionThe ability to see details at a distance

27 Flexibility of ClosureThe ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material

23 Spatial OrientationThe ability to know one's location in relation to the environment, or to know where other objects are in relation to one's self

21 Hearing SensitivityThe ability to detect or tell the difference between sounds that vary over broad ranges of pitch and loudness

19 Visual Color DiscriminationThe ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness

19 Trunk StrengthThe ability to use one's abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing

19 Manual DexterityThe ability to quickly make coordinated movements of one hand, a hand together with its arm, or two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects

19 Wrist-Finger SpeedThe ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists

19 Finger DexterityThe ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects

17 Arm-Hand SteadinessThe ability to keep the hand and arm steady while making an arm movement or while holding the arm and hand in one position

15 StaminaThe ability to exert one's self physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath

13 Control PrecisionThe ability to quickly and repeatedly make precise adjustments in moving the controls of a machine or vehicle to exact positions

10 Response OrientationThe ability to choose quickly and correctly between two or more movements in response to two or more signals (lights, sounds, pictures, etc.). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body parts

8 Gross Body CoordinationThe ability to coordinate the movement of the arms, legs, and torso together in activities where the whole body is in motion

8 Depth PerceptionThe ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from the observer, or to judge the distance between an object and the observer

8 Multilimb CoordinationThe ability to coordinate movements of two or more limbs together (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the body is in motion

6 Night VisionThe ability to see under low light conditions

4 Reaction TimeThe ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to one signal (sound, light, picture, etc.) when it appears

4 Speed of Limb MovementThe ability to quickly move the arms or legs

4 Explosive StrengthThe ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object

4 Peripheral VisionThe ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are focused forward

2 Sound LocalizationThe ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated

2 Gross Body EquilibriumThe ability to keep or regain one's body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position

2 Rate ControlThe ability to time the adjustments of a movement or equipment control in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a continuously moving object or scene

94 Communicating With Persons Outside OrganizationCommunicating with persons outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer.

92 Communicating With Other WorkersProviding information to supervisors, fellow workers, and subordinates. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer.

88 Getting Information Needed to Do the JobObserving, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

88 Providing Consultation and Advice to OthersProviding consultation and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-related, or process related topics.

83 Establishing and Maintaining RelationshipsDeveloping constructive and cooperative working relationships with others.

81 Implementing Ideas or ProgramsConducting or carrying out work procedures and activities in accord with one's own ideas or information provided through directions/instructions for purposes of installing, modifying, preparing, delivering, constructing, integrating, finishing, or completing programs, systems, structures, or products.

81 Organizing, Planning, and PrioritizingDeveloping plans to accomplish work, and prioritizing and organizing one's own work.

81 Developing Objectives and StrategiesEstablishing long range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve these objectives.

79 Analyzing Data or InformationIdentifying underlying principles, reasons, or facts by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

79 Monitoring and Controlling ResourcesMonitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.

79 Making Decisions and Solving ProblemsCombining, evaluating, and reasoning with information and data to make decisions and solve problems. These processes involve making decisions about the relative importance of information and choosing the best solution.

77 Identifying Objects, Actions, and EventsIdentifying information received by making estimates or categorizations, recognizing differences or similarities, or sensing changes in circumstances or events.

67 Estimating Needed CharacteristicsEstimating the Characteristics of Materials, Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities, or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.

56 Selling or Influencing OthersConvincing others to buy merchandise/goods, or otherwise changing their minds or actions.

56 Interacting With ComputersControlling computer functions by using programs, setting up functions, writing software, or otherwise communicating with computer systems.

54 Performing For or Working With PublicPerforming for people or dealing directly with the public, including serving persons in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

40 Assisting and Caring for OthersProviding assistance or personal care to others.

38 Handling and Moving ObjectsUsing one's own hands and arms in handling, installing, forming, positioning, and moving materials, or in manipulating things, including the use of keyboards.

27 Performing General Physical ActivitiesPerforming physical activities that require moving one's whole body, such as in climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, where the activities often also require considerable use of the arms and legs, such as in the physical handling of materials.

27 Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialInspecting or diagnosing equipment, structures, or materials to identify the causes of errors or other problems or defects.

17 Drafting and Specifying Technical DevicesProviding documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to inform others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.

13 Operating Vehicles or EquipmentRunning, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.

8 Controlling Machines and ProcessesUsing either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

71 (F) SittingHow much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Sitting?

70 (I) Importance of Being Exact or AccurateHow important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?

67 (I) Persuade Someone to a Course of ActionHow important are interactions requiring the worker to: Persuade someone to a course of action (informally) or influence others to buy something (to sell)?

60 (S) Consequence of ErrorHow serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?

60 (R) Responsibility for Outcomes and ResultsHow responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?

57 (I) Deal With External CustomersHow important are interactions requiring the worker to: Deal with external customers (e.g., retail sales) or the public in general (e.g., police work)?

56 (O) Objective or Subjective InformationHow objective or subjective is the information communicated in this job?

54 (F) Frequency in Conflict SituationsHow frequently do the job requirements place the worker in conflict situations?

50 (I) Take a Position Opposed to OthersHow important are interactions requiring the worker to: Take a position opposed to coworkers or others?

50 (F) StandingHow much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Standing?

50 (E) Frustrating CircumstancesTo what extent do frustrating circumstances ("road blocks" to work that are beyond the worker's control) hinder the accomplishment of this job?

48 (H) Responsible for Health and Safety of OthersHow responsible is the worker for others' health and safety on this job?

46 (F) Deal With Unpleasant or Angry PeopleHow frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?

46 (F) Walking or RunningHow much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Walking or running?

37 (I) Provide a Service to OthersHow important are interactions requiring the worker to: Provide a service to others (e.g., customers)?

33 (F) Using Hands on Objects, Tools, ControlsHow much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Using hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?

33 (I) Importance of Being Aware of New EventsHow important is being constantly aware of either frequently changing events (e.g. security guard watching for shoplifters) or infrequent events (e.g. radar operator watching for tornadoes) to performing this job?

31 (A) Degree of AutomationIndicate the level of automation of this job.

21 (F) Sounds or Noise Levels Are DistractingHow often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Sounds and noise levels that are distracting and uncomfortable?

21 (F) Making Repetitive MotionsHow much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Making repetitive motions?

21 (F) OutdoorsHow frequently does this job require the worker to work: Outdoors

13 (F) Kneeling, Crouching or CrawlingHow much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Kneeling, stooping, crouching or crawling?

13 (F) Extremely Bright or Inadequate LightingHow often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?

13 (F) Deal With Physically Aggressive PeopleHow frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?

13 (F) Bending or Twisting the BodyHow much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Bending or twisting the body?

13 (F) ContaminantsHow often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Contaminants (pollutants, gases, dust, odors, etc.)?

10 (I) Importance of Repeating Same TasksHow important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?

8 (F) Very HotHow often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Very hot (above 90 F) or very cold (under 32 F) temperatures?

7 (I) Pace Determined by Speed of EquipmentHow important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)

7 (L) Hazardous SituationsWhat is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to hazardous situations while performing this job? Hazardous Situations involving likely cuts, bites, stings, or minor burns

7 (D) Hazardous SituationsIf injury, due to exposure to hazardous situations, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome? Hazardous Situations involving likely cuts, bites, stings, or minor burns

4 (F) Keeping or Regaining BalanceHow much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Keeping or regaining balance?

4 (F) Special UniformHow often does the worker wear: A special uniform, such as that of a commercial pilot, nurse, police officer, or military personnel?

94 SocialSocial occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

78 EnterprisingEnterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.

56 InvestigativeInvestigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.

44 ArtisticArtistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.

33 ConventionalConventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.

17 RealisticRealistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.

80 Achievement-Mean ExtentOccupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.

68 Recognition-Mean ExtentOccupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

67 Independence-Mean ExtentOccupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.

64 Working Conditions-Mean ExtentOccupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.

59 Relationships-Mean ExtentOccupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.