Scale Formation in Reheating Furnace Reheating furnaces constitute an important element in the rolling of steels, in which the semi-finished steel products are heated to a desired temperature for achieving the plastic properties in the products for rolling. The basic purposes of heating the semi-finished steel products for rolling include (i) to soften the steel for making it suitable for rolling, and (ii) to provide a sufficiently high initial temperature so that rolling process is completed in fully austenitic temperature region. During reheating in the reheating furnace, steel is passed through the furnace along which the temperature is gradually increased up to the soak zone. In there, the temperature is kept constant for thermal and chemical homogeneity of the steel. The reheating furnace is a direct fired furnace which uses either of the gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel and air. The composition of the atmosphere within the furnace generally consists mainly of nitrogen (N2), Carbon di-oxide (CO2), water vapour (H2O) and free oxygen (O2). The atmosphere composition can vary drastically during the operation. These variations are functions of the air/fuel ratio, which in turn, depends on furnace and mill operating conditions. Reheating furnace for the reheating of steel is conceptually divided into three zones. Starting from the discharge end of the reheating furnace, these zones are (i) soaking zone, (ii) heating zone/zones, and (iii) pre-heating zone. In the soaking zone, fuel and air is fired through the furnace burners at normal or reduced primary fuel stoichiometry. This zone has high furnace temperature. The temperature of steel is equalized through its cross section in this zone. The exhaust gases from this zone travel to heating zones. The heating zones, which are between preheating zone and the soaking zone, require high radiant heat transfer for increasing...