Τετάρτη, Μαΐου 29, 2013

The phrase "bookless libraries"
arrives with a dull, oxymoronic thud, enough to get the blood of any bibliophile
boiling.

It's the sort of thud made in the 1980s by doomed reports promising a
"paperless office". Anyone who remembers that much-mocked slogan might well
shrug off this latest idea as overheated punditry.

Or perhaps they should think again, as the world's first completely paperless
public library is scheduled to open this summer in Bexar County, Texas, in the
United States.

Bexar County's so-called BiblioTech is a low-cost project with big ambitions.
Its first branch will be in a relatively poor district on the city of San
Antonio's South Side.

It will have 100 e-readers on loan, and dozens of screens where the public
will be able to browse, study, and learn digital skills. However it's likely
most users will access BiblioTech's initial holding of 10,000 digital titles
from the comfort of their homes, way out in the Texas hinterland.

It will be a truly bookless library - although that is not a phrase much to
the liking of BiblioTech's project co-ordinator, Laura Cole. She prefers the
description "digital library" - after all, there will be books there, but in
digital form.

'Not even a bookstore...'

"For us this was just an obvious solution to a growing problem," she
says.

That problem was "explosive" population growth around San Antonio, in suburbs
and satellite towns way outside the city limits.

The BiblioTech library in San Antonio, Texas, will
offer 10,000 digital titles

"We've had to look to how we provide services to these unincorporated areas,"
she said.

"While the city does a beautiful job in providing public libraries, these can
only easily be used by people living there".

San Antonio's book-rich public libraries will be unaffected by the project.

Bexar County, by contrast, never had a public library service. "I think we're
at an advantage there," Ms Cole said. "They've never had a library with books -
there's not even a bookstore here."

This sets it apart from earlier bookless library experiments at Newport
Beach, California, and Tucson, Arizona - which both reverted to offering real as
well as e-books, by public demand.

As well as offering digital books to 1.7m people, the $1.5m BiblioTech
project has a big community education remit. It will partner with local schools
and run digital literacy courses and will stay open late into the evenings.

The iLibrary

The project's instigator, Bexar County Judge Nelson Wolff, sees it as a pilot
for a county-wide scheme. Other sources of funding will be sought to build up
the services.

Interestingly, Judge Wolff is a keen collector of first editions, the
bibliophile ushering in the bookless future: "But the world is changing and this
is the best, most effective way to bring services to our community."

“Start Quote

The world is changing and this is the best, most effective
way to bring services to our community”

End
QuoteNelson WolffBexar County

Judge Wolff has cited Apple founder Steve Jobs as
inspiration for the BiblioTech.

But the project has also gained impetus from the success of the University of
Texas San Antonio (UTSA) bookless engineering school library which opened three
years ago, the first paperless academic library. UTSA's director of libraries Dr
Krisellen Maloney has worked with the BiblioTech team and sits on its advisory
board.

Outside Texas, bookless libraries have also made most ground in the academic
sector, with the swiftest change in science, maths and engineering libraries.

The first such facility in the UK is likely to be at Imperial College,
London, which last year announced that over 98% of its journal collections were
digital, and that it had stopped buying print textbooks.

Even so, it was still paying around £4m per year in subscriptions to
publishers, even after concerted efforts to negotiate better digital deals for
universities.

Touching history

It's clear that bookless libraries are not a cheaper option for cash strapped
colleges and local authorities. Producing digital versions of text books can be
even more costly, given that users will expect more regular updating and
interactive features.

The New York Public Library is also increasingly
lending e-books

There are some libraries which will never go bookless, because their
collections contain books that are important historical artefacts in themselves.

Although many of these rare texts are being digitised under schemes such as
that run by Google, these books as physical objects remain essential resources
for researchers.

Christopher Platt, director of collections and circulation at the New York
Public Library (NYPL), argued that accessing a digital version of a book was
sometimes not enough.

"People travel from all over the world to our library, not just to access an
item, but to touch it and feel it to get a sense of it that speaks to the
overall importance of the work," he said. "This is not sentimentality, it's an
important fact."

However the NYPL is also embracing the digital world with enthusiasm and is
deeply committed to offering digital material.

Last year the library made 880,000 e-book loans - a fivefold increase over
2008, Mr Platt said. The library has 91 branches around the city, he added: "If
you look at e-book loans as a virtual branch, it would regularly be number two
or three in terms of monthly usage."

On the
shelf

Contrary to some reports, the NYPL is not reducing its holdings of books -
although some 1.5 million books in the stacks of its famous Central Library
building on 42nd Street in Manhattan will be relocated in underground vaults as
part of a refurbishment scheme beginning this year.

Books in their physical form are also important for
researchers

The space will be used to create a "spectacular" new public library , but it
will not be bookless. "In fact, far more books will be visible than ever in the
past," Mr Platt said.

But bookless does not mean cheap. Publishers were charging libraries up to
five times the normal hardback price for an e-book of a popular title, he said.
And certain types of book - illustrated children's titles, how-to manuals -
simply did not work as well as e-books, especially when some library e-readers
were still text-only.

This was just one of many reasons, he felt, that bookless libraries would not
be sweeping the board just yet.

A major issue was to obtain guarantees of a consistently good reader
experience across all platforms and technologies - something which NYPL, along
with 200 other big libraries across north America, and increasingly elsewhere,
is working towards in a new coalition, readersfirst.org.

Library closures

In the UK, however, the major issue was not so much bookless libraries but
library-less boroughs. Authors have been particularly active in campaigns to
resist funding cuts that are leading to public library closures.

T

he British Library is bringing together printed
books and digital archives

Children's author Alan Gibbons is a passionate believer in the role of
libraries, especially school libraries, but he's also a keen user of the panoply
of "e" and "i" prefixed devices.

But he has misgivings about the notion of a bookless library. "We have to
manage the change intelligently. The danger is that reading becomes utterly
atomised". Otherwise there could be the "obliteration of minority and mid-list
authors".

He argues that the library space and the librarian are crucial elements.
Books could be replaced by e-readers, but virtual space could not replace
library buildings. "The only issue for me is how new readers are made, and I
don't see that happening in social networks."

Working in international schools in China and Thailand, Mr Gibbons noted that
even in the most elite schools where very child was given an iPad, the school
library, stocked with real books, was seen as an essential resource.

Christopher Platt at New York Public Library has another take on the bookless
future: "It's still early game. We've been 100 years getting the print stuff
right, so it could be a while before we get the e-stuff right."

Do you think a library is still a library without printed
books? What would be lost with an all digital library instead of books on
bookshelves?

I work in a library. I love books. I have two full bookshelves at home and
can't imagine being without them. Browsing books, flicking through pages, is a
pleasure, pressing a few buttons and the odd click is just not the
same!

Della, West Sussex

An all digital library would miss the distinctive smell of old paper. With
paperless books you would also, perhaps for the better, miss the history of the
particular book and its users. The odd scribble here, the page corner folded
there.

Iain,

The bookless library in Texas will have 100 ebook readers. So a maximum of
100 people will be able to read its books at any one time, unless they own a
computer and an internet connection in their own home. That appears to be more
limited than existing "paper libraries". It would seem to be a library for those
who have financial resources to afford internet connectivity and associated
equipment, and excludes the poorer members of society. This seems to be at odds
with the earlier vision of public libraries, that intended to bring books and
other information resources to a wider audience, particularly those on lower
incomes who could otherwise not afford to buy the books and newspapers
themselves. I'd suggest this is a regressive step, socially
speaking.

Mark, Milton Keynes

I have worked in libraries for 15 years and I think people should think less
about libraries as buildings in which to house books and more as places to
access and disseminate information and knowledge. To me, if you want hard copy,
paper books you should visit a book shop or plan a trip to an archive. Libraries
have always battled with space and storage issues and a paperless library would
allow users to access information quickly at their convenience. Library users
with additional needs can also have their digital materials 'tailored' to suit
their own requirements e.g. large print, audio (spoken word), translation etc. I
find the prospect an exciting one and more inclusive for the population as a
whole.

Sigi, Liskeard

You need ebooks and paper in equal quantities. My kindle doesn't smell the
same as my real books.

Katherine, London

Having lived in the Midwestern US for a decade, this strikes me as a great
idea. It sounds as though users will be able to check out digital books over the
Internet, rather than driving a distance to the library. We enjoy that
convenience in Baltimore. For the vast distances of North America though, it
will make life in the hinterlands that much more exciting. I could see it
helping a schoolchild in Orkney or the Shetlands in the same way, for
example.

Jim, Baltimore, US

I think a digital library is an exciting idea but should exist as an option
alongside the paper library. The digital space is full of distractions, not too
conducive to study. It requires a greater level of self
control.

Solomon, Lagos, Nigeria

As a librarian I would be interested in the Texans' licensing arrangements
for accessing e-books. This is a real stumbling block where publishers want to
limit the number of 'loans' of an e-title, or the length of time e-access to a
title will be permitted, while librarians think in terms of making items
available as a service.

Frank, Scarborough

I think it won't be the same, first because of the smell of the books but
what can happen if there is not electricity. Maybe just in develop countries
this can happen faster but in third world countries it will take longer. Maybe
buildings for libraries can disappear because of portability, nowadays young
people prefer technology and you are able to carry it wherever you
go.

Delia, Chiclayo, Peru

I don't care which sensory experience I get, paper or ebook. I do both.
However, I really enjoy reading non-bestselling novels published between 1920
and 1970, as they give a great flavor of the times. Older non-fiction can be
interesting, too. Most of these books will never be digitized! I've explored a
couple of dozen libraries within 40 miles of my house and found those who keep
more older books on the shelves. I want them to remain

Nancy, Portland, Oregon, US

I live in Bexar County and must admit it took about three years of residence
to locate (physically!) my local library. While I do not live in the same part
of the county as the BiblioTech, I am delighted that the architects hope to
branch the e-library system out to the rest of the County. I look forward to the
day I will be able to go to the library without ever leaving home!

Mai, San Antonio, Texas

As a technophile, I think there's a huge amount of potential for e-books to
make reading a far more convenient activity for just about everybody, especially
with a new generation for whom this technology is already going to be fairly
widespread. I'm entirely certain there's going to be change eventually (my own
university is putting more emphasis on digitised textbooks), but it's going to
be a gradual and experimental process. As a bibliophile, I still think books
aren't going to die out for a long long time, and there's no hurry for libraries
to chuck out the dead tree pulp editions in an attempt to 'modernise'
themselves, especially given that plenty of people enjoy the feel of having a
solid copy in your hands (although having tried an e-reader, they're remarkably
fun to use). As someone who's also aware of the long term impact of this, I feel
apprehensive both about the costs charged by publishing firms and the impact
this will have on the fairly large portion of the population who just won't have
access to e-readers to begin with, let alone those who are too young to have one
and rely on trips to the library to get their fix.

Raphael, Bristol

: As an addition to paper libraries, helping to provide access where
otherwise access is limited, this is a good idea. But the risk is that digital
libraries completely replace paper libraries - and this misses one of the major
elements of the library service, which is to provide not only information, but
also discussion and community. Working as a community librarian you soon learn
that people frequent libraries as much for company and support as to access
knowledge and information. Reducing our understanding of 'information' to
digital resources, rather than local knowledge, guidance on suitable authors and
sources of information etc, is a step towards isolation. This also risks
restricting access for the large proportion of library users who are elderly and
in many cases less computer literate.

Hannah, Edinburgh

No, a library is not a library without printed books. Moreover, libraries are
not book depositories and the invention of e-readers does not alter the need for
a public space for reading, culture and edification. If you think the sole
purpose of libraries is book distribution then be prepared for these faddish
digital libraries to be physically dismantled or sold off and replaced by
virtual (electronic-only) libraries. Then we can all sit at home downloading
electronic texts and never have to look at another human being outside of
working hours. What joy!

James, Galway, Ireland

Often when browsing my local library's shelves in search of a particular
work, my eye has been caught by something completely different close by, which
has encouraged me to read different authors and even genres, most of which have
proved very enjoyable. This kind of serendipity would by more difficult when
ordering E-books. Even the definition of the word is a place where books were
kept.

Bill, Portsmouth

While I, like others, feel horrified at the loss of the sensory experience of
reading a book (the weight of a book in the hands...the sound of the pages
turning...being able to physically see how far through the book you are...), I
can also see how this distaste compares to the distaste felt by vinyl lovers
towards MP3s. They too have lost cover art and a sensory experience if they
upgrade to this new technology. As I too am now buying fewer CDs in favour of
digital music, who knows? Maybe we'll all also come round to the idea of digital
books instead of physical ones - and in turn a digital library.