8 Recommendation Technology Collaborative Filtering Recommendations based behavior of similar users Content Based Filtering Recommendations based properties of similar items Use Value Analysis Simple method for evaluating alternatives based on attributes, criteria and weights for alternatives 8

10 Attributes of a match for recommendation Term Abbreviation Comment Source segment SS The sentence to be translated, the source-language segment Target Segment TS Translation Source language SL Source language of the document Target language TL Language of the translation Results 1.. n M i Match for the source segment SS Output language segment of the hit (i = 1..K) M i (SS) The i th matching translation of the k hits for the source segment Results matching quality Q i The match quality j is target-language segment of the hit (i = 1. meters) M i (TS j ) A source segment hit may have several 1..m translations for the target language Number of translations of the hit i N i Number of translations for the hit Number of non-target-language translations of the source segment M i Number of translations to MA i (SS) for all languages. An output segment may also include translations into other languages. Number of possible translations back to MA i (j TS, TL) in the source language R ij Each target language segment has at least one output segment (otherwise it would be no hit). R now counts all segments for a target segment segments into the source language 10

12 Some Attributes of a match useful for recommendation Attribute Name 1 Class Comment changenumber ADMIN Number of changes in the translation during the lifetime of the segment missing attributes ADMIN The higher the number of missing attribute values for segment, the worse the entry will be judged. database ADMIN Database name of the match document ADMIN Uniform naming convention required for the document where the translation comes from document type ADMIN Document type domain ADMIN Domain of the segment keyword ADMIN Multiple keywords associated with the match productkey ADMIN Product key application ADMIN Application business area ADMIN Business area creation date ADMIN Days (in terms of age) or any data format change date ADMIN Last change date of the match project ADMIN Project Reference usage number ADMIN How often was the translation used? 12

13 Attributes of a match for recommendation Attribute Name 1 Class Comment translationnumber LING How many translations for a source segment? Relevant for fuzzy matches source target ratio LING Comparing source and target length identicaltranslations LING How many translation are identical with this translation, that is how many source segments link to this translation translationlenght LING Short / medium / long? Words better than number of characters? different formats LING Difference in format between source and target segment style LING This refers to properties such as inconsistent upper / lower case usage, multiple blank characters, using numbers, term usage LING Terminology used in source / translation matchtype LING MT, TM, TERM,... different translations LING Similarity of this translation with the other translations of the same segment author PERSON author reviewer PERSON reviewer translator PERSON translator review status QUAL Audited / unaudited / in examination match quality QUAL Irrelevant for exact match quality translator QUAL Rated quality of translator 13

14 Applying the specificity model - example matches and attributes 14

15 Comparing matching translations 15

16 Ranking translations use value analysis 16

17 Why use and integrate into XLIFF? XLIFF is a standard All information in one place = file XLIFF provides attributes properties XLIFF 2.0 can now be extended with new modules Translators / project managers require information about the rationality behind decisions taken during the translation XLIFF used within beo Experience with XLIFF Combination with TMX 17

27 Summary XLIFF is useful as it can be easily extended Recommendation is a simple and efficient method for a rational decision which translation to use Helps translator and project manager Quality improvement Traceability Explanation for customer Depending on recommender method chosen easy to integrate into translation tool applications Even simple methods like use value analysis show good results 27

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