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July 23, 1963
w. D. SMITH
3,098,347
ELASTIC YARN AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME
Filed March 20, 1962
FIGI.
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INVENTOR:
WILBERT D. SMITH
“WW
ATT YS.
United States Patent Office
Patented July 23, 1963
1
2
3,098,347
invention is to provide a new and improved, simple and
effective method for producing a truly balanced elastic
ELASTIC YARN AND METHOD OF
MAKKNG THE SAME
Wilbert D. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to Parayarn
Elastic 60., Philadelphia, Pa, a corporation of Penn
sylvania
Filed Mar. 20, 1962, Ser. No. 181,020
10 Claims. (Cl. 57—152)
yarn.
Another object of the present invention is to provide
a truly balanced elastic yarn which does not tend to kink
or curl up and accordingly is much easier to process and
wherein cloth or fabric made from the yarn is of im
proved quality.
A still further object of the present invention is to pro
The present invention relates to a method of making
a truly balanced, single cover elastic yarn and the truly 10 vide a simple and effective method for producing a truly
balanced single cover elastic yarn which is more durable
balanced elastic yarn produced thereby.
than similar yarns produced by prior methods.
Elastic yarns are usually formed by intertwisting an
These and other objects of the present invention and
elastic ?lament and an inelastic thread of a synthetic
the various features and details thereof are set forth more
material such as rayon, nylon or the like or Wrapping
the ?lament with the thread. Prior to the present inven 15 fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying
drawings, wherein:
,
tion, it was thought that the solution to the problem of
FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a piece of inelastic
making a balanced elastic yarn was to pretwist one or both
thread in a relaxed, nntwisted condition;
elements of the elastic yarn proir to intertwisting or wrap
FIG. 2 shows a piece of elastic ?lament in its nntwisted
ping to produce the ?nished elastic yarn. For example,
relaxed condition;
in accordance with a prior method for forming elastic
FIG. 3 shows an elastic yarn produced in accordance
yarn, the elastic ?lament is given an initial twist in one
with the present invention; and
direction and the inelastic thread is given an initial twist
FIG. 4 illustrates diagrammatically apparatus for carry
in a direction opposite the twist of the elastic ?lament and
ing out the method of the present invention.
then the elastic ?lament and inelastic thread are inter
In accordance with the present invention, an nntwisted
twisted so that the composite yarn is formed of closely
inelastic cover thread A is helically wrapped around an
axially compacted interlocking alternating convolutions
untwisted elastic core ?lament B to produce a truly bal
of the ?lament and thread. In accordance with another
anced, single cover elastic yarn C as shown in FIG. 3.
prior method for forming elastic yarn, the elastic ?lament
The elastic yarn is characterized by a continuous series of
is pretwisted and stretched and while in this condition, a
untwisted, engaging convolutions of cover thread which
pretwisted inelastic thread is spiralled rather than twisted
are closely compacted axially of the nntwisted core ?la
on to the elastic ?lament.
ment to produce a truly balanced, well covered elastic
The major disadvantage of elastic yarns produced by
yarn.
the above prior methods is that they have a tendency to
There is shown in FIG. 4 an example of apparatus for
kink or curl up when in a relaxed condition. Because
of this kinking tendency, the elastic yarns are dit?cult to 35 carrying out the method of the present invention to pro
duce a truly balanced, single cover elastic yarn. As illus
handle in weaving apparatus or the like and the cloth or
fabric produced thereby is of an inferior quality.
Further, pretwisting of the ?lament and thread induces
treated, the apparatus includes a pair of conventional
upper and lower coaxially mounted rotatable spools 10
stress in the ?nished elastic yarn which may contribute
to premature failure of the elastic yarn.
In accordance with the present invention, a new and
and 12 having Wound thereon the inelastic cover thread A
and elastic core ?lament B respectively. The spool 10 is
mounted for rotation about a vertically disposed sta
tionary tubular spindle 14 secured to a rigid support 16.
The support 16 mounts a depending C~shaped bracket 17
having a tubular bushing 19 which is axially aligned with
balanced yarn. In accordance with the present invention,
an inelastic cover thread is helically wound about an elas 45 and spaced from the lower end of the tubular spindle 14
improved method is provided for making a single cover
elastic yarn wherein the yarn produced thereby is a truly
tic core ?lament while the elastic ?lament and inelastic
and which serves to guide the elastic core ?lament B in
thread are maintained in a substantially nntwisted, un~
its path from the spool 12 through the spindle 14. The
spool 10 is rotated by means of a pulley 13 depending
stressed condition. The convolutions of the cover thread
from the spool 19 and a belt 26 connecting the pulley
are closely compacted axially of the elastic core ?lament
to provide a well covered elastic yarn. By the present 50 with suitable drive means. A central disc 21 rests on the
upper flange 22 of the spool 10 and mounts a radially
method, pretwisting of the ?lament and thread are elimi
projecting arm 23 which has at its outer end an eye or
nated and I have found that by this method there is pro
?yer 24 through which the inelastic cover thread A passes
duced a truly balanced elastic yarn, one which does not
tend to kink or curl up in its relaxed condition. A truly
as it is discharged from the spool It] to a point X Where
balanced elastic yarn facilitates handling in weaving appa
it is wrapped around the core ?lament B to produce the
?nished yarn.
ratus or the like and the cloth or fabric produced thereby
is of an improved quality. Further since the ?lament
The spool 12 is mounted for rotation on a stationary
spindle 26 secured to a rigid support 28 and is rotated by
and thread are not stressed by pretwisting, there is less
chance of the elastic yarn failing prematurely. The pres
suitable drive means similar to that of the spool 10 in—
ent invention may be employed to make truly balanced, 60 cluding a pulley 3t} and a belt 32.
single cover elastic yarns having an elongation falling
It is noted that the cover thread A and the core ?lament
anywhere in the expanded range of from about 100 per
B are initially supplied from a manufacturer on packages
cent to 300 percent as desired whereby the elastic yarn
in an nntwisted condition. Thereafter the cover thread
A and the core ?lament B each is taken off of the pack
of the present invention has a broad range of commercial
65 age over end and wound onto its respective spool 10
application.
With the foregoing in mind, an object of the present 7 and 12. During the process of transferring the cover
3,098,347
4
3
the thread may be intertwisted in the process of making
thread A and core ?lament B from the package to the
spools 10 and 12 respectively, a predetermined number
the cotton to hold them together.
Manifestly, other types of elastic materials and inelastic
of turns are inserted into the core ?lament and cover
threads may ‘be employed as the core ?lament and cover
thread ‘on their respective spools. The spools 10 and 12
are then positioned on the spindles 14 and 26 respectively 01 thread respectively to produce truly balanced elastic yarns
so that as the cover thread A and core ?lament B are
within the teaching of the present invention. Additionally,
taken off over end as shown in FIG. 4, the predetermined
number of turns inserted in the cover thread A and core
while the method of the present invention has been illus
trated and described herein in connection with a particular
?lament B are taken out.
apparatus, it is of course to be understood that modi?
Thus as the core ?lament B
is wrapped at the point X with the cover thread A, both 10 cations may be made therein within the scope of the
following claims.
the cover thread and the core ?lament are untwisted.
I claim:
1. A truly balanced elastic yarn comprising an elastic
In setting up the apparatus described to produce a truly
balanced elastic yarn, the free end of the core ?lament
B is threaded through the bushing 19‘ up through the spin
untwisted core ?lament and an inelastic untwisted cover
dle 14, passed over a guide roller 34 and secured to a
take up roll 35. The free end of the inelastic cover
thread A is then secured to the core ?lament B in the
thread helically wound about the core ?lament.
2. An elastic yarn as claimed in claim 1 wherein the
convolutions of the cover thread are closely compacted
axially of the core ?lament to provide a truly balanced
well covered elastic yarn.
3. A method of making a truly balanced elastic yarn
is rotated in a directoin to unwind the cover thread A. 20
comprising helically winding an untwisted cover thread
At the point X the core ?lament B is in substantially
region X. The spool 12 is then rotated in a direction
to unwind the elastic core ?lament B and the spool 10
unstressed, tensionless condition and is helically wrapped
about an untwisted elastic core ?lament.
4. A method of making a truly balanced elastic yam
with the cover thread A. The ?nished elastic yarn C then
passes over the guide roller 34 and is wound on to the
take up roll 35. The take up roll 35 is rotated by suit
able drive means to provide a constant linear feed of the
from an elastic core ?lament and an inelastic cover thread
each wound on a spool consisting of the steps of rotating
?nished yarn. Further, the spwd of rotation of the take
the spools in a direction to unwind the core ?lament
and cover thread from their respective spools in an un
up roll 35 and core ?lament feed are correlated in a
predetermined manner to maintain the elastic core ?la
elastic cover thread about the untwisted core ?lament.
twisted condition and helically winding the untwisted in
ment B taut in the region X where it is being wrapped. 30
5. A method of making a truly balanced elastic yarn
By this arrangement, an elastic yarn is produced which is
from an inelastic cover thread wound on a ?rst spool ro
characterized by an untwisted core ?lament B and an
tatably mounted on a tubular spindle and an elastic core
untwisted cover thread A ‘and accordingly is a truly bal
anced, well covered yarn which does not ten-d to curl up
or kink. It is noted that for a given type of cover thread
A and core ?lament B, the take up roll 35 is rotated at
a predetermined rate when making a long stretch yarn
and at a slightly greater rate when making a short stretch
yarn.
?lament wound on a second spool consisting of the steps
of rotating the spools in a direction to unwind the core
?lament and cover thread from their respective spools in
an untwisted condition, passing the core ?lament through
In accordance with the present invention, truly bal
the tubular spindle and helically winding the untwisted
inelastic cover thread about the untwisted core ?lament
40
after the core ?lament has passed through the spindle.
6. A method of making a truly balanced elastic yarn
anced, single cover elastic yarns can be produced having
from an inelastic cover thread wound on a ?rst spool
an elongation falling anywhere in the expanded range of
rotatably mounted on a tubular spindle and an elastic
core ?lament wound on a second spool consisting of the
from about 100 percent to 300 percent as desired.
In
the present instance, this is accomplished by controlling
selectively the relative speeds of rotation of the spools
10 and 12 for a given type of elastic ?lament and inelastic
thread. ‘For example, if it is desired to make a short
steps of rotating the spools in a direction to unwind the
core ?lament and cover thread from their respective spools
in an untwisted condition, passing the core ?lament
through the tubular spindle, helically winding the un
stretch elastic yarn having a core ?lament B made of a
Spandex yarn such as Lycra, and an inelastic cover thread
twisted inelastic cover thread about the untwisted core
thread during making of elastic yarn in accordance with
stressed, tensionless condition.
?lament ‘after the core ?lament has passed through the
A such as a 50 single cotton, the bottom spool 12 is 50 spindle and winding the ?nished elastic yarn on a take
rotated at about 4000 r.p.m.’s and the top spool 10 is
up roll.
rotated at 8000 r.p.m.’s. Lycra has about a 600 percent
7. A method of making a truly balanced elastic yarn
elongation in its substantially relaxed condition on the
from an inelastic cover thread wound on a ?rst spool ro
tatably mounted on a tubular spindle and an elastic core
spool 12 and as it is unwound from the bottom spool 12,
?lament wound on a second spool consisting of the steps
it is stretched and permanently set to about a 300 percent
of rotating the spools in a direction to unwind the core
elongation by virtue of the air resistance which as shown
?lament and cover thread from their respective spools in
in FIG. 4, produces a ballooning in the core ?lament in
an untwisted condition, passing the core ?lament through
the region of the upper ?ange of the spool 12. There
the tubular spindle, helically winding the untwisted in
after the core ?lament B is helically wrapped by the
cover thread A at the point X while the core ?lament B 60 elastic cover thread about the untwisted core ?lament
after the core ?lament has passed through the spindle,
is in a substantially unstressed, tensionless condition
rotating a take up roll in a direction to wind the ?nished
whereby the speed of the spool 10 effects a predetermined
elastic yarn thereon and controlling the rotation of the
desired number of convolutions of the cover thread on
take up roll, core ?lament and cover thread spool to pro
the core ?lament to produce a truly balanced elastic
duce a truly balanced elastic yarn characterized by an
yarn having about a 100 percent elongation. Employ
untwisted core ?lament and untwisted cover thread.
ing the same materials to produce a long stretch elastic
8. A method of making a truly ‘balanced elastic yarn
yarn, the ‘bottom spool 12 is rotated at 7000 r.p.rn.’s and
consisting of the steps of helically winding an untwisted
the top spool is rotated at about 5500 r.p.m.’s.
It is to be understood that the word “untwisted” as
cover thread about an untwisted elastic core ?lament and
used herein or in the claims in connection with the cover 70 maintaining the core ?lament in the region where it is
thread A means that no twist is imparted to the cover
wrapped with the cover thread in a substantially un
the present invention and that it is not twisted in the ?n
9. A truly balanced elastic yarn as claimed in claim 1
wherein the core ?lament is a Spandex yarn and said
ished elastic yarn. However, where a cover thread such
as a multi?lameut cotton is used, the ?bers comprising 75 cover thread is cotton.
3,098,347
6
10. A truly balanced elastic yarn as claimed in claim 1
wherein the core ?lament is a Spandex yarn and said
cover thread is nylon.
References Cited in the ?le of this patent
5
2,076,270
2,690,047
3,009,311
101L302
UNITED STATES PATENTS
2,061,021
Chittenden et a1. _____ __ Nov. 17, 1936
Harris ______________ __ Apr. 6,
Long _______________ __ Sept. 28,
Kung-Chih Wang ____ __ Nov. 21,
Rupprecht """"""""" " Dec‘ 5’
1937
1954
19641
1961
FOREIGN PATENTS
726,479
Great Britain ________ __ Mar. 16, 1955