Intro #4: Research Methods

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Transcript of Intro #4: Research Methods

conformitiy?obedience?people are basically evil?Research So, this is another problem with research. Your textbook is clearly presenting the Milgram study inaccurately. If you can catch any further errors like this over the semester bring them to class and get extra credit!From RadiolabEpisode called Who's BadAvailable at http://www.radiolab.org/story/180103-whos-bad/ What do you know about the Milgram study?False Consensus EffectHindsight BiasThe Milgram studyWhy do we need scientific methods?EmpiricismResearch Methodshttp://www.education.com/worksheet/article/taste-experiment/http://www.theguardian.com/world/picture/2012/oct/25/auschwitz-concentration-camp-wilhelm-brasse http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/22/22044/1.htmlDogmatismhttp://sppiblog.org/tag/97-consensusFactsWhat we can reliably and repeatedly see, measure, identify as existing.TheoriesHow we logically organize the facts.HypothesesWhat we think might happen next - new facts are unveiled by building on existing theories.These are not beliefs.Research Strategies3 types of studiesor3 kinds of researchOnly use the word 'experiment' when you are talking about .ExperimentCorrelational StudyDescriptive StudyVariablesIndependentDependentParticipantsexperimental groupcontrol grouprandom assignmentEveryone must be as similar as possible.still similarstill similargets theindependent variablestaysthesamenow they are

not

similarTest the difference and that's your dependent variablethe thing we manipulatethe new thingthe inventionthe interventionthe responseyour resultsthe score changethe behavior changethe causethe effectwe only call it an experiment when we are intruding.we want both of these things to varyVaries because one group gets it and the other doesn't.Varies because the two groups get different results.prediction:C Cshowing that one thing may be related to anotherorNaturalisticlab settingcase studysurveyCosmopolitanThese are not research, but marketing tricks.StatisticalMethodsCentral Tendency:mean = averagemedian = middle scoremode = most frequentVariability:range = highest to loweststandard deviation = how different the scores areFrequency Distribution:bar graphhistogramBell Curve:normal:skewed:Statistical significance:Effect size# observedVariabilityBias in research:demand characteristicssample biasvalidityDouble-blind experimentsobserver-expectancysubject-expectancyplacebosDescriptive stats just describe what you've seen.Inferential stats try to apply your results to others.Shrodinger's cat is alive or dead. You open the box, you know.Descriptive.Here is another box.You infer the cat is alive or dead based on what happened when you opened the box before.https://prezi.com/xg7kjpxdz5up/chicken-soup/"Yeah... I knew that ad was paid for by Russians / fake..."What about these?https://thinkprogress.org/black-matters-us-site-90625b18f262/(Knowledge through experience)or