Bill Broyles is a perennial freshman at the desert schoolhouse,
where he has been educated by the spine of a cactus, the call of a
quail, and the words of patient sages. A research associate at the
Southwest Center, he is author of Sunshot: Peril and Wonder
in the Gran Desierto and co-editor of Dry
Borders.

Notes

1. For details of the Carnegie expedition of Hornaday and
MacDougal see Broyles (1987).

2. The question, “What is science?” has stirred many inquiries
and answers during its long history. For two recent discussions see
Philip Kitcher's “The Ends of Science” and Nancy Cartwright's “From
Causation to Explanation and Back” in Leiter (2004).

3. A letter from Lumholtz to Henry Fairfield Osborn, March 9,
1909, offers details of his plans for ethnological collecting as
well as prospecting (Lumholtz Collection, American Museum of
Natural History, New York).

4. See also Carmony (1994), and J. Ross Browne's 1864
account of a visit to Tucson:

The jaded and dust-covered traveller . . . emerges to find
himself on the verge of the most wonderful scatteration of human
habitations his eye ever beheld—a city of mud-boxes, clingy and
dilapidated, cracked and baked into a composite of dust and filth;
littered about with broken corrals, sheds, bake-ovens, carcasses of
dead animals, and broken pottery; barren of verdure, parched,
naked, and grimly desolate in the glare of a southern sun. . . . As
the centre of trade with the neighboring State of Sonora, and lying
on the high-road from the Rio Grande to Fort Yuma, [Tucson] became
during the few years preceding the “break-up” quite a place of
resort for traders, speculators, gamblers, horse-thieves,
murderers, and vagrant politicians. Men who were no longer
permitted to live in California found the climate of Tucson
congenial to their health. If the world were searched over I
suppose there could not be found so degraded a set of villains as
then formed the principal society of Tucson. Every man went armed
to the teeth, and streetfights and bloody affrays were of daily
occurrence. . . . [T]he best view of Tucson is the rear view on the
road to Fort Yuma.

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