Nearest-neighbor with mipmapping: pixelated, a different lower res texture is used for long distances to avoid aliasing.

Bilinear: every pixel is interpolated from the closest stored pixels (also called texels).

Trilinear: same as trilinear, but the different mipmaps are also smoothed between each other as the object gets further away.

Anisotropic: like bilinear and trilinear filtering, anisotropic filtering eliminates aliasing effects, but improves on these other techniques by reducing blur and preserving detail at extreme viewing angles.

xBR: pattern recognition, only worth it for low res pixel art with few colors.