Sociology Exam 3

What are the three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?

1.Wealth

2. Power

3. Prestige

Democratic Facade

Such views of being a partic-ipant in the nation’s “ big” decisions are a playback of the ideology we learn at an early age— an ideology that Marx said is promoted by the elites to legitimate and perpetuate their power. Sociologists Daniel Hellinger and Dennis Judd ( 1991) call this the “ demo-cratic facade” that conceals the real source of power in the United States.

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Status Inconsistency

ranking high on some dimensions of so-cial status and low on others; also called status discrepancy

EX.

A Janitor

A 14- year- old college student is an example.

A 40- year- old married woman who is dating a 19- year- old college sophomore.

What can we expect about a persons political views if they rank high in prestige but relatively low in income?

Radical political views

Ex. College professors

What can we expect about a persons political philosophy if they have prestige and relatively high income?

They will have conservative views.

Ex. Doctors

If you win the lottery you are most likely to experience__________.

Anomie

Anomie

Durkheim’s term for a condition of society in which people become detached from the usual norms that guide their behavior

If you are a small shop owner, according to conflict theorists you probably belong to ___________.

Petty bourgeoisie

Petty Bourgeoisie

Own small businesses

Ex) Repair shop, small medical practice

Based on background expectations which individuals would have the narrowest field of "eligible marriage partners?

High Class.

Politically, the class of people who are more likely to feel that the government should intervene in the economy to make citizens financially secure are the______.

Working Class

Intergenerational Mobility

The change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next

NOT INTRA!!!!

Ex.When a child ends up on a different social ladder then there parents.

EX. Father was a full time janitor, Son became ceo of IBM

Structural Mobility

movement up or down the social class ladder that is due more to changes in the structure of society than to the actions of individuals.

Ex. thousands of job cuts during the recession.

and demotions.

Exchange mobility

About the same numbers of people moving up & down the social class ladder, such that, on balance, the social class system shows little change.

EX. occurs when large numbers of people move up and down the social class ladder, but, on balance, the proportions of the social remain about the same. classes

Numerically, what is the race of the majority of the poor inthe United States?

White

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Feminization of poverty

condition of U. S. poverty in which most poor families are headed by women

Families headed by both a mother and father are the least like-ly to be poor, while those headed by only a mother are the most likely to be poor

Reasoning= Women average only 70 percent of what men earn.

Average time a person is in poverty

A year or less.

A Guy who is working lost his job in a recession, would we be looking at socialstructure or personality?

Social Structure

Social structure

the framework of society that surrounds us; consists of the ways that people and groups are related to one another; this framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior

Reserve Labor Force

the unemployed; unemployed workers are thought of as being "in reserve"--capitalists take them "out of reserve" during times of high production and then lay them off when they are no longer needed

Conflict Theorists Idea of Reserve labor force

Government wants tokeep a group of people unemployed during an economic recession until there isan economic boom so that they have a working force to take from.

Protestant ethic

Weber’s term to describe the ideal of a self-denying, highly moral life accom-panied by thrift and hard work

Conspicuous consumption

Thorstein Veblen’sterm for a change from the thrift, savings, and invest-ments of the Protestantethic to showing off wealth through spending and the display of possessions

Ex. Jay leno & his cars

Earliest medium of exchange

Barder

Medium of exchange

the means by which people place a value on goods and services in order to make an exchange for example, currency, gold, and silver

Fiat money

currency issued by a govern-ment that is not backed by stored value. With no stored value, dollars can be printed in any amount a government desires.

Ex. U.S dollars

What is the determining factor for inflation to occur?

Currency is issued ata higher rate then the gross domestic product.

Laissez-faire capitalism

literally “ hands off” capitalism, mean-ing that the government doesn’t interfere in the market

No restraints.

IfI wanted to go out and sell bombs without any marketing restraints, what would that be considered?

laissez-faire

Market restraints

the laws and regulations of welfare capitalism that limit your capacity to produce and sell.

Divest a company

Sell off

If the government determines that one firm dominates a market, it can force that company to divest ( sell off) some of the businesses it owns.

In socialism, who or what determines what will be produced and what it will cost?

Central Committee

How would Karl Marx define “profit”?

Profit, he said, is the excess value that has been withheld from workers. He believes to be immoral.

Convergence theory

the view that as capitalist and socialist economic systems each adopt features of the other, a hybrid ( or mixed) economic system will emerge

Ex. U.S is a capitalist economy that is starting to adapt socialist features

If a corporation is sued who or what is responsible for thedebt? Assumption is the corporation lost the suit.

The Corporation.

"Law states Corporation is to be treated a person"

Stockholder’s revolt

refusal by stockholders at their annual meetings to approve management’s recommendations

Interlocking directorate

the same people serving on the boards of directors of several companies

EX. Obama has been a member of numerous board of directors of multiple companies

Underground economy

consists of any money-making enterprise not reported to the government, from babysitting to prostitution.

about 9% of the economy.

Politics

the exercise of power and attempts to maintain or to change power relations

Power Relation wherever the power relation exists

Can exist in families and in government

Why is every group considered as being political?

in every group there is a power struggle of some sort.

For a government to be stable, what quality must exist?

Legitimate

Revolution

armed resistance designed to overthrow and replace a government

Rational-legal authority

Things are going to practical they are going to be efficient, theres going to be laws.

Rules by writtenlaws.

authority based on law or written rules and regulations; also called bureau-cratic authority

Routinization of charisma

the transfer of author-ity from a charismatic figure to either a traditional or a rational– legal form of authority

Oligarchy

Decision making invested in a small group of people

primary election

an election that determines who runs in the final or general election

Same thing as a pre-election

Proportional representation

an electoral system in which seats in a legislature are divided according to the proportion of votes that each political party receives

What is the key to determining if someone will vote?

How much they believeto have a stake in the political system

Alienation

Marx’s term for workers’ lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product— this leads to a sense of powerless-ness and normlessness; others use the term in the general sense of not feeling a part of something

If you are not feeling you're apart of the system you are feeling ________.

alienation

In the early 1900’s, what did U.S. born Americans fear the most from the massive wave of immigrants entering this country?

They were afraid immigrants were going to bring socialism and communism from their countries to America.

Political action committees

(PAC) an organization formed by one or more special- interest groups to solicit and spend funds for the purpose of influ-encing legislation

Lobbyists

people who influence legislation on behalf of their clients (an interest group)

Ex. The movie Thank you for smoking.

The three branch system of government designed to do what?

Checksand balances

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