{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246201", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246202", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246203", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246204", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246205", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246206", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246207"], "description"=>"<div><p>During spermatogenesis, mRNA localization and translation are believed to be regulated in a stage-specific manner. We report here that the Protamine2 (<i>Prm2</i>) mRNA transits through chromatoid bodies of round spermatids and localizes to cytosol of elongating spermatids for translation. The transacting factor CBF-A, also termed Hnrnpab, contributes to temporal regulation of Prm2 translation. We found that CBF-A co-localizes with the <i>Prm2</i> mRNA during spermatogenesis, directly binding to the A2RE/RTS element in the 3′ UTR. Although both p37 and p42 CBF-A isoforms interacted with RTS, they associated with translationally repressed and de-repressed <i>Prm2</i> mRNA, respectively. Only p42 was found to interact with the 5′cap complex, and to co-sediment with the <i>Prm2</i> mRNA in polysomes. In CBF-A knockout mice, expression of protamine 2 (PRM2) was reduced and the <i>Prm2</i> mRNA was prematurely translated in a subset of elongating spermatids. Moreover, a high percentage of sperm from the CBF-A knockout mouse showed abnormal DNA morphology. We suggest that CBF-A plays an important role in spermatogenesis by regulating stage-specific translation of testicular mRNAs.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["transacting", "binds", "protamine", "mrna", "contributes", "translational"], "article_id"=>826563, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Nanaho Fukuda", "Tomoyuki Fukuda", "John Sinnamon", "Abrahan Hernandez-Hernandez", "Manizheh Izadi", "Chandrasekhar S. Raju", "Kevin Czaplinski", "Piergiorgio Percipalle"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.s003", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.s004", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.s005", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.s006", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.s007"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>4, "page_views"=>14, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_The_Transacting_Factor_CBF_A_Hnrnpab_Binds_to_the_A2RE_RTS_Element_of_Protamine_2_mRNA_and_Contributes_to_Its_Translational_Regulation_during_Mouse_Spermatogenesis_/826563", "title"=>"The Transacting Factor CBF-A/Hnrnpab Binds to the A2RE/RTS Element of Protamine 2 mRNA and Contributes to Its Translational Regulation during Mouse Spermatogenesis", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2013-10-17 03:39:07"}

{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246188"], "description"=>"<p>We hypothesize that in early-step spermatids, p37 mainly binds to the RTS in the <i>Prm2</i> mRNA 3′UTR, leading to a translationally repressed configuration of the <i>Prm2</i> mRNA. In the cytoplasm of later step spermatids, p37 is released from the RTS through yet unknown mechanisms, and p42 is able to interact with the RTS and with the 5′ mRNA cap binding complex. This exchange may be regulated through cooperative association with hnRNP A2. We propose that the p37–p42 relay contributes to the temporal regulation of the <i>Prm2</i> mRNA translation during spermatogenesis.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["cbf-a"], "article_id"=>826562, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Nanaho Fukuda", "Tomoyuki Fukuda", "John Sinnamon", "Abrahan Hernandez-Hernandez", "Manizheh Izadi", "Chandrasekhar S. Raju", "Kevin Czaplinski", "Piergiorgio Percipalle"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.g009", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>11, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Speculative_model_for_the_role_of_CBF_A_in_translation_regulation_of_the_Prm2_mRNA_/826562", "title"=>"Speculative model for the role of CBF-A in translation regulation of the <i>Prm2</i> mRNA.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-10-17 03:39:07"}

{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1246186"], "description"=>"<p>(A) Normal sperm from Hnrnpab<sup>−/−</sup> mouse showing the nucleus (n) revealed like an evenly stained black mass (due to high electron density) that contains the highly compacted DNA, surrounded by the nuclear envelope. The acrosome (a) located in the anterior half of the head and the proximal centriole (pc) in the neck of the sperm. (B) Abnormal sperm of Hnrnpab<sup>−/−</sup> mice with fibers extending out of the main mass of local regions of nucleus (inset in B and B′). (C) Abnormal sperm of Hnrnpab<sup>−/−</sup> mice with fibers extending out of the main mass around the nucleus (inset in C and C′). (D) Elongated spermatid at step 13 of spermatogenesis of wild-type mice. Posterior part of DNA, which is less packed than in anterior region, was observed as fibers (inbox in D and D′). Scale bar is 2 µm in A–D and 500 nm in B′–D′.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["electron", "micrographs", "sperm", "heads", "epididymis"], "article_id"=>826561, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Nanaho Fukuda", "Tomoyuki Fukuda", "John Sinnamon", "Abrahan Hernandez-Hernandez", "Manizheh Izadi", "Chandrasekhar S. Raju", "Kevin Czaplinski", "Piergiorgio Percipalle"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003858.g008", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>17, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Transmission_electron_micrographs_of_sperm_heads_from_the_epididymis_from_Hnrnpab_8722_8722_and_Hnrnpab_8722_mice_/826561", "title"=>"Transmission electron micrographs of sperm heads from the epididymis from Hnrnpab<sup>−/−</sup> and Hnrnpab<sup>+/−</sup> mice.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2013-10-17 03:39:07"}