We often take for granted that the wrongdoer is a hopeless case who sooner or later will "do it again," an attitude precluding that forgiveness from the heart which is necessary for true reconciliation.

Accordingly, such noxal actions are permitted only where the wrongdoer is a slave, and indeed we find it often laid down by old legal writers that sons in power may be sued personally for their own delicts.

Unlike the FCPA, it has a "compliance defence" that allows a company to avoid the harshest penalties if the wrongdoer is a junior employee and the firm otherwise has a strict anti-bribery policy which is clear to all employees and effectively administered.