speedy.
Committee Notes
1976 Amendment. When any action is filed laying venue in the wrong county.
NONVERIFICATION OF PLEADINGS
Except when otherwise specifically provided by these rules or an applicable statute.170(j). every written pleading or
other paper of a party represented by an attorney need not be verified or accompanied by an affidavit. but if no such selection is made.
WHEN ACTION COMMENCED
Every action of a civil nature shall be deemed commenced when the complaint or petition is filed except that
ancillary proceedings shall be deemed commenced when the writ is issued or the pleading setting forth the
claim of the party initiating the action is filed.170(j) to the proper court in any county where it might have been brought
in accordance with the venue statutes. If it should appear at any time that an action is pending in the wrong court of any
county. Subdivisions (a)–(b) have been amended to require the addition of the filing party’s telephone number on all pleadings and papers filed.060.Civ.P.
(b) Wrong Venue. the Florida Family Law Rules of Procedure.R.
RULE 1. procedure. These rules shall be construed to secure the just.
TRANSFERS OF ACTIONS
(a) Transfers of Courts. These rules shall be known as the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure and abbreviated as Fla.
SCOPE AND TITLE OF RULES
These rules apply to all actions of a civil nature and all special statutory proceedings in the circuit courts and
county courts except those to which the Florida Probate Rules. and time for pleading in all special statutory proceedings shall be as prescribed by the statutes governing the proceeding unless these rules specifically provide
to the contrary.
subject to taxation as provided by law when the action is determined. The service charge of the clerk of the court to which an action is transferred under this rule shall
be paid by the party who commenced the action within 30 days from the date the order of transfer is entered. The form. When the venue might have been laid in 2 or more counties.040. content.RULE 1. the action shall be dismissed without prejudice by the court that entered the order of transfer. it may be transferred to the proper court within said county by the same method as provided in rule
1.
RULE 1. the court may transfer the action in the manner provided in rule 1. If the service charge is not paid within the
30 days.
(c) Method.050.030.
ONE FORM OF ACTION
There shall be one form of action to be known as “civil action.
Court Commentary
10
. the person
bringing the action may select the county to which the action is transferred.”
RULE 1. and inexpensive determination of every
action.010.
RULE 1. the
matter shall be determined by the court. or
the Small Claims Rules apply.

with service of process accepted as of that date. The decision to accept or reject the
stipulation rests in the sound discretion of the trial court.
A forum-non-conveniens dismissal shall not be granted unless all defendants agree to the stipulations required
by subdivision (c) and any additional stipulations required by the court. plaintiffs
shall automatically be deemed to stipulate that they will lose the benefit of all stipulations made by the defendant.
(e) Waiver of Automatic Stipulations.
The decision to grant or deny the motion for dismissal rests in the sound discretion of the trial court.
(c) Statutes of Limitation. Because of confusion in some circuits. the parties may waive the conditions
provided in subdivision (c) or (d).
(b) Stipulations in General. The parties shall reduce their stipulation to a writing signed by them. defendants shall be deemed to
automatically stipulate that the action will be treated in the new forum as though it had been filed in that forum
on the date it was filed in Florida. When an action is dismissed in Florida for forum non conveniens.061.
(b) to provide for the circumstance in which the service charge is not paid. subdivision (c) is added:
(a) to specify who is to pay the clerk’s service charge on transfer.1984 Amendment. substantial evidence. and
(c)
to require the dismissal to be by the court which entered the order of transfer. subject to approval by the trial court. In moving for forum-non-conveniens dismissal.
(f) Reduction to Writing.
(2) the trial court finds that all relevant factors of private interest favor the alternate forum. the court further finds that factors of public interest tip the balance in favor of trial in the alternate forum. subject to review for abuse of discretion. and
(4) the trial judge ensures that plaintiffs can reinstate their suit in the alternate forum without undue inconvenience or prejudice. subject to
review for abuse of discretion.
(d) Failure to Refile Promptly. including the stipulation provided in subdivision (c) of this rule. Upon unanimous agreement. The decision to accept or reject the waiver shall not be disturbed on review if supported
by competent.
(3) if the balance of private interests is at or near equipoise. or both.
RULE 1. weighing in the
balance a strong presumption against disturbing plaintiffs’ initial forum choice. if plaintiffs fail to file the action in the
new forum within 120 days after the date the Florida dismissal becomes final. The parties to any action for which a satisfactory remedy may be more conveniently sought in a jurisdiction other than Florida may stipulate to conditions upon which a forum-nonconveniens dismissal shall be based.
CHOICE OF FORUM
(a) Grounds for Dismissal. only when they demonstrate and the trial court finds a compelling
reason for the waiver. which shall
11
. including all of the parties. An action may be dismissed on the ground that a satisfactory remedy may be
more conveniently sought in a jurisdiction other than Florida when:
(1) the trial court finds that an adequate alternate forum exists which possesses jurisdiction over the whole
case.

Both of these stipulations are deemed to be a part of every stipulation that does not expressly state otherwise. that there is little or no public interest in the dispute.
(g) Time for Moving for Dismissal. 674 So. a trial court has discretion to grant a forum-non-conveniens dismissal upon finding that retention of jurisdiction would be unduly
burdensome to the community. The trial court’s acceptance or rejection of the waiver
12
. must agree to the stipulations required by
subdivision (c) as well as any additional stipulations required by the trial court before an action may be dismissed based on forum non conveniens.
Committee Notes
2000 Amendment. The trial court’s acceptance or rejection of the stipulation is subject to appellate review under an abuse-of-discretion standard.
Subdivision (a) codifies the federal standard for reviewing motions filed under the forum-non-conveniens doctrine.
Subdivision (h) is added to require the court to retain jurisdiction over the action after the dismissal for purposes of enforcing its order of
dismissal and any conditions and stipulations contained in the order. not just the moving defendant. Inc. 1996). the
ability of courts to encourage trial of controversies in the localities in which they arise. and it should be interpreted in light of that opinion.include all stipulations provided by this rule and which shall be deemed incorporated by reference in any subsequent order of dismissal. A motion to dismiss based on forum non conveniens shall be served not
later than 60 days after service of process on the moving party. adequate access to witnesses. or that foreign law will predominate if jurisdiction is
retained. Waivers should be granted sparingly. the parties by unanimous consent may stipulate
to waive those conditions only upon showing a compelling reason to the trial court. or procedural
nuances that may affect outcomes but that do not effectively deprive the plaintiff of any remedy..
(h) Retention of Jurisdiction. The court shall retain jurisdiction after the dismissal to enforce its order of
dismissal and any conditions and stipulations in the order. The purpose underlying subdivision (c) is to ensure that any statute of limitation in the new forum is applied as though the action had been filed in
that forum on the date it was filed in Florida.
Subdivisions (c) and (d) provide automatic conditions that shall be deemed included in every forum-non-conveniens dismissal. Thus. Orders granting or
denying dismissal for forum non conveniens are subject to appellate review under an abuse-of-discretion standard. v.
Subdivision (b) is amended to clarify that all of the defendants.
“Equipoise” means that the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative forum will not significantly undermine or favor the “private
interests” of any particular party.
adequate enforcement of judgments. The purpose underlying subdivision (d) is to ensure that the action is promptly refiled in the
new forum.
Subdivision (b) provides that the parties can stipulate to conditions of a forum-non-conveniens dismissal. Continental Insurance Co. Even when the private conveniences of the litigants are nearly
in balance. and the practicalities and expenses associated with the litigation.
“Public interests” are the ability of courts to protect their dockets from causes that lack significant connection to the jurisdiction.
Subdivision (g) is added to require that a motion to dismiss based on forum non conveniens be served not later than 60 days after service
of process on the moving party. the phrase “private interests” means adequate access to evidence and relevant sites. as compared with the forum in which suit was filed.2d 86 (Fla. subject to the
qualification provided in subdivision (e). and the ability of courts to consider their familiarity
with governing law when deciding whether to retain jurisdiction over a case. a history of generous or stingy damage awards. Subdivision (a)(1) is amended to clarify that the alternative forum other than Florida must have jurisdiction over all
of the parties for the trial court to grant a dismissal based on forum non conveniens.
Court Commentary
This section was added to elaborate on Florida’s adoption of the federal doctrine of forum non conveniens in Kinney System.
Subdivision (e) recognizes that there may be extraordinary conditions associated with the new forum that would require the waiver of the
conditions provided in subdivisions (c) and (d). Private interests do not involve consideration of the availability or unavailability of advantageous legal theories.
As stated in Kinney. subject to the trial court’s approval.

it is sufficient to plead the basis for service in the language of the statute without pleading the facts
supporting service.
(g) Fees.
(2) A plaintiff may notify any defendant of the commencement of the action and request that the defendant
waive service of a summons.may not be reversed on appeal where supported by competent. the parties shall include the automatic stipulations provided by subdivisions (c) and (d) of this rule. the parties’ agreement then is treated as though it were incorporated by reference in the trial court’s order of dismissal. If personal service of a court order is to be made. which the parties must sign.
Subdivision (f) requires the parties to reduce their stipulation to written form. At the time of personal service of process a copy of the
initial pleading shall be delivered to the party upon whom service is made.
(1) Acceptance of service of a complaint by mail does not thereby waive any objection to the venue or to
the jurisdiction of the court over the person of the defendant. When service of process is to be made under statutes authorizing service on nonresidents
of Florida. the original order shall be filed with
the clerk. but the court may appoint any competent person not interested in the action to serve the process.
(b) Service.
(d) Service by Publication. Issuance. Failure to make proof of service
shall not affect the validity of the service. the clerk or judge shall issue as many
writs of process against the several defendants as may be directed by the plaintiff or the plaintiff’s attorney. When
so appointed. unless the latter are
properly waived under subdivision (e).
RULE 1. The notice and request shall:
13
. If there is more than 1 defendant. The statutory compensation for making service shall not be increased by the
simultaneous delivery or mailing of the copy of the initial pleading in conformity with this rule.
To avoid confusion. A defendant may accept service of process by mail.
(e) Copies of Initial Pleading for Persons Served. who shall certify or verify a copy of it without charge.
(f) Service of Orders.
(h) Pleading Basis. Upon the commencement of the action. the party causing its issuance shall be entitled to such additional process against the
unserved party as is required to effect service. The date and hour of service shall be
endorsed on the original process and all copies of it by the person making the service.070.
(i) Service of Process by Mail. the failure to include these automatic conditions in the stipulation does not waive them
unless the dismissing court has expressly so ruled. Service of process by publication may be made as provided by statute. When and if the trial court accepts the stipulation. copies of the initial pleadings shall be furnished to the clerk and mailed by the clerk with
the notice of action to all parties whose addresses are stated in the initial pleading or sworn statement. When the service is
made by publication. However. By Whom Made. Service of Pleadings. When any process is returned not executed or returned improperly
executed for any defendant. summons or other process authorized by
law shall be issued forthwith by the clerk or judge under the clerk’s or the judge’s signature and the seal of the
court and delivered for service without praecipe. Numerous Defendants. the person serving process shall make proof of service by affidavit promptly and in any event
within the time during which the person served must respond to the process. Service of process may be made by an officer authorized by law to serve
process.
(c) Service. The party seeking to effect personal service shall furnish the person making service with the necessary copies. substantial evidence.
PROCESS
(a) Summons. The person making service shall use the certified copy instead of the original order in the same manner as original process in making service.

When a motion for leave
to amend with the attached proposed amended complaint is filed. the court shall extend the time for service for an appropriate period.
For purposes of computing any time prescribed or allowed by these rules. as if a summons and complaint had been served at the time of filing the waiver.
14
. and (h) of the existing rule are combined because they deal with the same subject matter.
(D) inform the defendant of the consequences of compliance and of failure to comply with the request. the court shall
impose the costs subsequently incurred in effecting service on the defendant unless good cause for the failure is
shown. The original is to be filed with the clerk and not removed. Subdivision (g) is new and provides for substitution of a certified or verified copy of a court order that must be served. Subdivision (i) is relettered to (h).
(F) allow the defendant 20 days from the date on which the request is received to return the waiver. Time Limit. shall direct that service be effected within a specified time or shall dismiss the action without prejudice or drop that defendant as a party. Subdivision (a) is amended to require the officer issuing the process to sign it and place the court seal on it. timely returns a waiver so requested is not required
to respond to the complaint until 60 days after the date the defendant received the request for waiver of service. if an individual. and
(G) provide the defendant with an extra copy of the notice and request. including the waiver.
(E) state the date on which the request is sent. return receipt requested. before being served with process.
1972 Amendment.
(4) A defendant who.
(B) be dispatched by certified mail. The
“notice of suit” is changed to “notice of action” to comply with the statutory change in 1967. If service of the initial process and initial pleading is not made upon a defendant
within 120 days after filing of the initial pleading directed to that defendant the court. if
the address of the defendant is outside of the United States. This makes the rule more flexible and permits the court to appoint someone to make
service at any appropriate time. A dismissal under this subdivision shall not be considered a voluntary dismissal or operate as an adjudication on the merits under rule 1. Subdivision (b) is changed to eliminate the predicate for court appointment of a person to make service of process. Subdivision (i) is added to eliminate pleading evidentiary facts for “long arm” service of process. service of process shall be deemed
effected 20 days before the time required to respond to the complaint. the 120-day period for service of amended
complaints on the new party or parties shall begin upon the entry of an order granting leave to amend.
(5) When the plaintiff files a waiver of service with the court.
(3) If a defendant fails to comply with a request for waiver within the time provided herein. except as provided
in subdivision (4) above. as well as a
prepaid means of compliance in writing. When the statute was repealed these procedural
requirements were omitted and inadvertently not included in the rule. Subdivisions (f).(A) be in writing and be addressed directly to the defendant. or to an officer or managing or general agent of the defendant or other agent authorized by appointment or law to receive service of
process. provided that if the plaintiff shows good cause or excusable neglect for the failure. and no
further proof of service shall be required. and is essential to the validity of process.
(j) Summons. (g). Florida Statutes. This was
required by former section 47. 30 days from the date on which it is received to return the waiver. on its own initiative after
notice or on motion. the action shall proceed. or.
(C) be accompanied by a copy of the complaint and shall identify the court in which it has been filed.
1980 Amendment.04.420(a)(1). It is based on the
long-standing principle in service by publication that pleading the basis for service is sufficient if it is done in the language of the statute.
Committee Notes
1971 Amendment.

written motion. It is intended to eliminate the necessity of pleading evidentiary facts as well as those of pecuniary
benefit that were used in the Elmex case. and
(b) serve the notice and the pleading. See
Wm. 1969). See. This rule clarifies that. Florida Statutes.
1973) (Attorney General may choose to participate in appeal even though he was not required to be a party at the trial court)..E.. Williams.975. Woody. Strasser Construction Corp. the defendant must be served pursuant to law or again waive service pursuant to this rule. NOTICE BY PARTY
A party that files a pleading. the allegations will be admitted under rule 1. See the
amendment to rule 1. 97 So. By accepting service pursuant to this rule.
353 So. 2d DCA 1978). 2d 836 (Fla. 279 So. v. by either certified or registered mail.091. The amendment is limited to pleading. 2d 961 (Fla. If denied in a pleading.
RULE 1.071
CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGE TO STATE STATUTE OR COUNTY OR
MUNICIPAL CHARTER. The committee intends that only the manner of service will be waived by this
procedure. 2d 458 (Fla.
1992 Amendment. ordinance. Inc. Under such circumstances.
1988 Amendment. The amendment to subdivision (j) (redesignated as (i)) is intended to clarify that a dismissal under this subdivision is not to be
considered as an adjudication on the merits under rule 1. Subdivision (d) is repealed because the reason for the rule ceased when process was permitted to run beyond county
boundaries. 2d 1354 (Fla. Subdivision (j) is amended in accordance with Totura & Co. 2d DCA 1978). 4th DCA 1976). For example. The former subdivision (i) has been redesignated as subdivision (j).
Service of the notice and pleading. See form 1.902 may be used to give notice of an action and request
waiver of process pursuant to this rule. Subdivision (j) has been added to require plaintiffs to cause service of original summons within 120 days of filing the
complaint absent good cause for further delay. v. Hartman Agency. written motion. or franchise file verification with the court of compliance
with section 86. or franchise must promptly
(a)
file a notice of constitutional question stating the question and identifying the paper that raises it. 91 Fla. Indiana Farmers Mutual Insurance Co. v.. 820 (1926). Shevin v. Inc.091. or franchise on the Attorney General or the
state attorney of the judicial circuit in which the action is pending. or other paper does not require joinder of the Attorney General or the state attorney as a party to the action. City Contract Bus Service. Mayo v. or other paper drawing into question the constitutionality of a state statute or a county or municipal charter. charter. 754 So. The rule imposes a new requirement that the party challenging the statute.190(a). service of process
would be void should a motion to dismiss be granted because the complaint did not allege the basis for long-arm jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant. 515 So. the defendant will not waive any objection to venue or jurisdiction over the person or
admit to the sufficiency of the pleadings or to allegations with regard to long-arm or personal jurisdiction. service
of the notice does not require joinder of the Attorney General or the state attorney as a party to the action. National Truck Brokers.110(e). e. McElvy. and Drake v. Subdivision (i) is added to provide some formality to the practice of requesting waiver of service of process by a sheriff or person appointed to serve papers or by publication. v. Scharlau. 2d 671 (Fla. If the statutory allegations are attacked by motion. 2d 665 (Fla. 353 So. ordinance. Subdivision (i)(2)(F) allows the defendant 20 days from
receipt (or 30 days if the defendant is outside of the United States) to return the waiver. ordinance. State ex rel. the Florida Attorney General has the discretion to participate and be heard on matters affecting the constitutionality
of a statute. 325 So. Inc. Inc. or other paper drawing into question the constitutionality of a
state statute or a county or municipal charter.
1996 Amendment. the allegations must be proved at
trial. 108 So. Florida Statutes. H. Form 1. 770. Otherwise.
RULE 1. written motion.See McDaniel v. ordinance. Atlantic Federal Savings & Loan Association of Fort Lauderdale. Kerwin. OR FRANCHISE.g. consistent with section
86. the committee intends that the waiver
be received by the plaintiff or the plaintiff’s attorney by the twentieth day (or the thirtieth day if the defendant is outside of the United
States).. ORDINANCE.
SERVICE OF PLEADINGS AND PAPERS
15
. 1st DCA 1987). 1957). Accordingly. the
pleader must then prove the evidentiary facts to support the statutory requirements. 2000). however. Confusion has been generated in the decisions under the “long arm” statute. The amendment is not intended to change
the distinction between pleading and proof as enunciated in Elmex Corp.
Committee Notes
2010 Adoption.080. Linn. or franchise. with respect to challenges to a state statute or municipal charter. 2d 11 (Fla.420(a)(1) of these rules. 220 So. 2d 58 (Fla. v. E.
2003 Amendment.

All original papers shall be filed with the court either before service or immediately thereafter.
(h) Service of Orders. leaving it at the person’s usual place of abode with some person of his or her family
above 15 years of age and informing such person of the contents. unless otherwise provided for by general law or other rules. except that pleadings
asserting new or additional claims against them shall be served in the manner provided for service of summons.. The court may require that orders or judgments be prepared by a party.(date).. Facsimile service occurs when transmission is complete. service shall be made upon the attorney unless service upon the party is ordered by the court. When any attorney shall certify in substance:
“I certify that a copy hereof has been furnished to (here insert name or names) by (delivery) (mail) (fax) on
.
(f) Certificate of Service. When service is made by facsimile. The date of filing is that
shown on the face of the paper by the judge’s notation or the clerk’s time stamp. except applications for witness subpoena. (2) leaving it at the attorney’s or party’s office with a clerk or other person in charge thereof.
Service by delivery shall be deemed complete on the date of the delivery.
(c) Service... If the original of any bond or other paper is not placed
in the court file. How Made.
(1) A copy of all orders or judgments shall be transmitted by the court or under its direction to all parties at
the time of entry of the order or judgment. firm. a copy shall also be
served by any other method permitted by this rule. address. (3)
if there is no one in charge. shall be served on
each party. the court may regulate the service contemplated by these rules on motion or on its initiative in such manner as may be found to
be just and reasonable. telephone number.. If a party who is not represented by an attorney files a paper that does not show service
of a copy on other parties. if no address is known..
(d) Filing. may require the party to furnish the court with stamped. Service on
the attorney or party shall be made by delivering a copy or mailing it to the attorney or the party at the last
known address or. Unless the court otherwise orders. except that the judge may permit papers to be filed with the judge.440(c) and final judgments that shall be
prepared and served as provided in subdivision (h)(2). Numerous Defendants.
(b) Service.. (4) if the office is closed or the person to
be served has no office.. a certified copy shall be so placed by the clerk. the clerk shall serve a copy of it on other parties as provided in subdivision (b). in which event the judge shall
note the filing date before him or her on the papers and transmit them to the clerk. When Required. No service need be made on parties against whom a default has been
entered except orders setting an action for trial as prescribed in rule 1. Service by mail shall be
complete upon mailing. and
facsimile number. and the number of pages transmitted. Delivery of a copy within this rule shall be complete upon: (1) handing it to the attorney
or to the party. The filing of papers with the court as required by these rules shall be made by filing them
with the clerk.
(e) Filing Defined. and may require that proposed orders and judgments be furnished to all parties before entry
by the court of the order or judgment.
16
. addressed envelopes for service of the
order or judgment. No service need be made on parties against whom a default has been entered. leaving it in a conspicuous place therein. every pleading subsequent to the initial
pleading and every other paper filed in the action.
Attorney”
the certificate shall be taken as prima facie proof of such service in compliance with these rules. When service is required or permitted to be made upon a party represented by an attorney. whichever is earlier.
(g) Service by Clerk.(a) Service. or (5) transmitting it by facsimile to the attorney’s or party’s office with a cover sheet containing the sender’s name. In actions when the parties are unusually numerous. by leaving it with the clerk of the court..

Committee Notes
1971 Amendment. The party in whose favor the judgment is entered shall furnish the court with a copy of the judgment. any inaccuracies in an order submitted to
the court being remediable either by the court’s own vigilance or later application by an interested party.
Two changes have been made to subdivision (h)(1). No certificate of service is required. was intended according to the committee notes “[t]o assure that
all parties had an opportunity to see the proposed form before entry by the Court.
1976 Amendment. Subdivision (g) is added to cover the situation when a party responds by a letter to the clerk and the letter may constitute the party’s answer. If the address is unknown. The last day of the period so computed shall be included unless it is a Saturday.(2) When a final judgment is entered against a party in default. The committee intended for the court to know who had been served only. 2d 1046 (Fla. for cause shown the court at any time in its discretion (1)
with or without notice.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment.
(b) Enlargement.530(b) to cure the confusion created by Casto v. it should be made on
the attorney. or legal holiday. Sunday. The committee is recommending an amendment to rule 1. When service can be made on an attorney. for purposes of advising them of the date of the court’s action as well as the substance of such action. which have resulted in a wholesale redrafting of the rule. event.
1992 Amendment. the committee would have used the form of
certificate of service in subdivision (f). which the committee felt had been confusing. the court shall mail a conformed copy of it
to the party. 1972.” This change followed on the heels of the 1971 amendment. The second part is intended to notify defendant whose address is known of the determination of the action
by the court.080(e) specifying that the date of filing is that
shown on the face of the paper. Nothing in this
new rule is meant to limit the power of the court to delegate the ministerial function of preparing orders.
TIME
(a) Computation. or by notice given thereunder. 4th DCA 1980). Submission of copies and mailing of them by the court has proved cumbersome in practice and so it
is deleted. a second copy must be served by any other method permitted by this rule to ensure that a legible copy is
received. Subdivisions (b) and (f) are amended to allow service pursuant to this rule to be made by facsimile. by these rules.
(3) This subdivision is directory and a failure to comply with it does not affect the order or judgment or its
finality or any proceedings arising in the action. The notation with the names of the persons served with a proposed form is not to
be signed. The purpose of the rule was to ensure that all parties had an opportunity to see the proposed form before entry by the court. Secondly. Casto. the day of the act. It must be read in conjunction with subdivision (b) of the rule.
1972 Amendment. Otherwise. In computing any period of time prescribed or allowed by these rules. the provision requiring the submission of proposed orders to all counsel prior to entry by the court has been deleted. When
service is made by facsimile or fax. or default from which the designated period of time begins
to run shall not be included. When the period of time prescribed or allowed is less than 7 days. intermediate Saturdays. Subdivision (h) is added and the first part regulates the service of copies of orders. unless it is prepared by the court. That recommendation requires an amendment to rule 1. by order of court. may order the period enlarged if request therefor is made before the expiration of the
17
. It is not intended to apply to those litigious persons appearing in proper person who are familiar with the requirements
of the rules. The term “party” is used throughout the rules because subdivision (b) makes the necessary substitution of the party’s attorney
throughout the rules. Failure to comply with either part of subdivision (h) does not affect the order or judgment in any manner. and legal holidays shall be excluded in the computation. it requires service of the proposed form on other parties and delivery of sufficient copies to the court to be conformed and furnished to all parties after entry. Sundays. The clerk is then required to furnish copies to parties who have appeared in the action and who are not shown to
have received copies. Subdivision (h) is amended because confusion has resulted in its application.
RULE 1. the rule now requires
that conformed copies of any order entered by the court must be mailed to all parties of record in all instances (and to defaulted parties in 2
specified instances). in which event the period shall run until the end of the next day which is neither a
Saturday.090. or legal holiday. “Facsimile” or
“fax” is a copy of a paper transmitted by electronic means to a printer receiving the transmission at a designated telephone number. When a party is charged with preparation of
an order. First. Use of the term “party” has been misconstrued. When an act is required or allowed to be done at or within a specified time by order of
court. and the address of the party to be served. 404
So. The amendment made to this rule on July 26.
Sunday. or
by any applicable statute. the
copy need not be furnished.

All papers filed in
the action shall be styled in such a manner as to indicate clearly the subject matter of the paper and the party
requesting or obtaining relief. All notices of hearing shall specify each motion or other matter to be heard. motion. the file number. an answer to a counterclaim denominated as such. a third-party complaint if a person who was not an original party is summoned as a third-party defendant.540(b).
(e) Additional Time after Service by Mail. and shall set forth the relief or order sought. An application to the court for an order shall be by motion which shall be made in writing unless made during a hearing or trial. The
continued existence or expiration of a term of court in no way affects the power of a court to do any act or take
any proceeding in any action which is or has been pending before it.100. as the case may be.
order. When a party has the right or is required to do some act or take
some proceeding within a prescribed period after the service of a notice or other paper upon that party and the
notice or paper is served upon that party by mail.
(b) Motions. including forfeiture proceedings. but all proceedings in the action shall be abated until a properly executed
cover sheet is completed and filed. as the case may be. or other paper shall have a caption containing the name of the
court. If an answer or third-party answer contains an affirmative defense and the opposing party seeks to avoid it.
(1) Every pleading. a petition.
(c) Unaffected by Expiration of Term.
(2) A civil cover sheet (form 1. or (2) upon motion made and notice after the
expiration of the specified period. the plaintiff or petitioner immediately shall file a final dis-
18
.
RULE 1. and a designation identifying the party filing it
and its nature or the nature of the order. 5 days shall be added to the prescribed period.
(c) Caption.997) shall be completed and filed with the clerk at the time an initial complaint or petition is filed by the party initiating the action. The requirement of writing is fulfilled if the motion is stated in a written notice of the hearing of the motion. No other pleadings shall be allowed. or other paper shall have a caption containing the name of the court. and an answer to it. the name of the first
party on each side with an appropriate indication of other parties. or making a motion for a directed verdict. and a third-party answer if a third-party complaint is served. shall state with particularity the grounds therefor. for rehearing. the style
shall be “In re forfeiture of” (followed by the name or general description of the property). or dismissed by the parties. and except for in rem proceedings. order. an answer to a crossclaim if the answer contains a
crossclaim. when so designated by a statute or rule. every pleading. The period of time provided for the doing of any act or the taking of
any proceeding shall not be affected or limited by the continued existence or expiration of a term of court.period originally prescribed or as extended by a previous order. In any in rem proceeding. The clerk shall complete the civil cover sheet for a party appearing pro se. taking an appeal or filing a petition
for certiorari. the clerk shall accept
the complaint or petition for filing.
(d) For Motions. the file number.998) shall be filed with the clerk by the prevailing party at the time of
the filing of the order or judgment which disposes of the action. motion. or to alter or amend a
judgment. In an in rem forfeiture proceeding. If the action is settled without a court order or
judgment being entered. and a designation of the person or entity
filing it and its nature or the nature of the order. may permit the act to be done when failure to act was the result of excusable
neglect. There shall be a complaint or.
(3) A final disposition form (form 1. judgment. the opposing party shall file a reply containing the avoidance.
PLEADINGS AND MOTIONS
(a) Pleadings. making a motion for relief from a judgment under rule 1. the style
“In re” (followed by the name or general description of the property). If the cover sheet is not filed. judgment. but it may not extend the time for making a motion for new trial. A copy of any written motion which may not be heard ex parte and a copy of the notice of
the hearing thereof shall be served a reasonable time before the time specified for the hearing.

1992 Amendment. A pleading which sets forth a claim for relief. When a pleader intends in good faith to deny only a part of an averment.110. The change requires a more complete designation of the document that is filed so that it may be more rapidly identified.
(b) Claims for Relief. counterclaim. 2d 158 (Fla. (2) a short and plain statement of the ultimate facts showing
that the pleader is entitled to relief. a motion to dismiss
should now be entitled “defendant’s motion to dismiss the complaint” rather than merely “motion” or “motion to dismiss. but when the pleader does so intend to controvert all of its averments. If the defendant is without knowledge. or third-party claim. the defendant shall so state and such statement shall operate as a denial. Denial shall fairly meet
the substance of the averments denied. and the facts alleged therein are true and
correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.998) with the clerk.
Committee Notes
1971 Amendment.
and Dickerson v. Subdivision (c) is amended to address separately the caption for in rem proceedings. and (3) a demand for judgment for the relief to which the pleader deems
himself or herself entitled. fraud. The clerk shall complete the final disposition form for a party appearing pro se. Forms of action and technical forms for seeking relief and of pleas. 2d DCA 1960). failure of consideration. license. including in rem forfeiture proceedings.
When filing an action for foreclosure of a mortgage on residential real property the complaint shall be verified. Any relief available by scire facias may be granted on motion after notice without the issuance of a writ of scire facias. Relief in the alternative or of several different types may be demanded. duress.
2010 Amendment. including
averments of the grounds upon which the court’s jurisdiction depends. 60 So. Orange State Oil Co. Every complaint shall be considered to demand general relief. the pleader may make denials as specific
denials of designated averments or may generally deny all of the averments except such designated averments
as the pleader expressly admits. 2d 562 (Fla.
(d) Motion in Lieu of Scire Facias. assumption of risk. Maddox. 123 So. release. whether an original claim. contributory negligence.
crossclaim.
the pleader shall specify so much of it as is true and shall deny the remainder.
(d) Affirmative Defenses. pleadings.”
(c) The Answer.”
1972 Amendment. or
motions are abolished. affirmation. discharge in bankruptcy.
estoppel. When verification of a document is required. It is intended to eliminate thereby the problems exemplified by Tuggle v. the pleader may do so by general denial. 1952). It also specifies the applicability of the subdivision to all of the various documents that can be filed.position form (form 1.420(e). I declare that I have read the foregoing. Subdivision (a) is amended to make a reply mandatory when a party seeks to avoid an affirmative defense in an answer or third-party answer. the document filed shall include an oath. In pleading to a preceding pleading a party shall set forth affirmatively accord and
satisfaction. must state a cause of action and shall contain (1) a short and plain statement of
the grounds upon which the court’s jurisdiction depends. or when the action is dismissed by court order for lack of prosecution pursuant to rule 1. payment. unless the court already has jurisdiction and the claim
needs no new grounds of jurisdiction to support it. In the answer a pleader shall state in short and plain terms the pleader’s defenses to each
claim asserted and shall admit or deny the averments on which the adverse party relies. Unless the pleader intends in
good faith to controvert all of the averments of the preceding pleading.
19
. or the
following statement:
“Under penalty of perjury. laches.
RULE 1.
GENERAL RULES OF PLEADING
(a) Forms of Pleadings. illegality. arbitration and award. injury by fellow servant. Subdivision (b) is amended to require all notices of hearing to specify the motions or other matters to be heard.. For example.

A party may also state as many separate claims or defenses as that party has. Malice.
RULE 1. regardless of
consistency and whether based on legal or equitable grounds or both. either in 1 count or defense or in separate
counts or defenses. are admitted when not denied in the responsive pleading. When a party desires to raise an issue
as to the legal existence of any party. except to the extent required to show the jurisdiction of the court.540. shall treat the pleading as if there had been a proper designation. and 1. response by opposing parties will follow the same course as though the new pleading were the initial pleading in the action. the court. the authority of a party to
sue or be sued in a representative capacity. Each claim founded
upon a separate transaction or occurrence and each defense other than denials shall be stated in a separate count
or defense when a separation facilitates the clear presentation of the matter set forth. A party may
also set forth 2 or more statements of a claim or defense alternatively. the pleading is not made insufficient by the insufficiency of 1 or more of the alternative statements.
Committee Notes
1971 Amendment. or the legal existence of an organized association of persons that is
made a party.140 will apply. that party shall do so by specific negative averment which shall include such supporting particulars as are peculiarly within the pleader’s knowledge. waiver. and claims for relief may be stated in the alternative if separate items make up the cause of action. and a paragraph may be referred to by number in all subsequent pleadings. statute of limitations.
20
.res judicata. The action shall then proceed in the same manner and
time as though the supplemental complaint or petition were the initial pleading in the action.120. When 2 or more statements are made in the alternative and 1 of them. or the authority of a party to
sue or be sued in a representative capacity. or trust supervision. including the issuance of any needed process. Condition of the Mind.
PLEADING SPECIAL MATTERS
(a) Capacity. The initial pleading served on
behalf of a minor party shall specifically aver the age of the minor party.
(h) Subsequent Pleadings. Affirmative defenses appearing on the face of a prior pleading may be asserted as grounds for a motion
or defense under rule 1. on terms if justice so requires. supplemental declaratory relief actions. Averments in a
pleading to which no responsive pleading is required or permitted shall be taken as denied or avoided. and any other matter constituting an avoidance or
affirmative defense.
(g) Joinder of Causes of Action.530. or if 2 or more causes of action are joined. the circumstances constituting fraud or mistake shall be stated with such particularity as the circumstances may permit. the contents of each of which shall be limited as far as practicable to a statement of a single set of circumstances. All averments of claim or defense shall be made in consecutively numbered paragraphs.
(b) Fraud. intent. the capacity of any party to sue or be sued. When a party has mistakenly designated a defense as a counterclaim or a counterclaim as a
defense. and similar proceedings from its purview.140(b). would be sufficient. When the nature of an action permits pleadings subsequent to final judgment and
the jurisdiction of the court over the parties has not terminated. In all averments of fraud or mistake. Consistency. All pleadings shall be construed so as to
do substantial justice. other than
those as to the amount of damages.
(e) Effect of Failure to Deny. The last sentence exempts post judgment motions under rules
1. It is not necessary to aver the capacity of a party to sue or be sued.480(c). if made independently. Subdivision (h) is added to cover a situation usually arising in divorce judgment modifications. the initial pleading subsequent to final judgment
shall be designated a supplemental complaint or petition. 1. statute of frauds. Averments in a pleading to which a responsive pleading is required.
(f) Separate Statements.100(a). The
time for answering and authority for defenses under rule 1. A pleader may set up in the same action as many claims or
causes of action or defenses in the same right as the pleader has. provided this shall not limit amendments under rule 1. This subdivision shall not apply to proceedings that may be initiated by motion
under these rules. Mistake.190 even if such ground is
sustained. When any subsequent proceeding results in a pleading in the strict technical sense under rule
1.

A party served with a pleading stating a crossclaim against that party shall serve an answer to it within 20 days after service on that party. contracts. mental attitude. documents. within 40 days after service. notes. In pleading the performance or occurrence of conditions precedent.28.
(2) (A) Except when sued pursuant to section 768.
DEFENSES
(a) When Presented.
(1) Unless a different time is prescribed in a statute of Florida. an agency of the
state. or not later than the date fixed in
a notice by publication.
(3) The service of a motion under this rule. averments of time and place are
material and shall be considered like all other averments of material matter. The pleadings shall contain no unnecessary recitals of deeds. or a copy thereof or a copy of the portions thereof material to the
pleadings. Statements in a pleading may be adopted by reference in a different part of the same pleading. it is sufficient
to aver generally that all conditions precedent have been performed or have occurred. contracts. a judicial or quasijudicial tribunal. alters these periods of time so that if the court denies the motion or postpones its
disposition until the trial on the merits. or a board or officer. In pleading a judgment or decree of a domestic or foreign court.28.
(b) Part for All Purposes.
(g) Special Damage. If a reply is required. Florida Statutes. the reply shall be served within 20 days after
service of the answer. When items of special damage are claimed. the responsive pleadings shall be served within 10 days after notice of
21
. A denial of performance
or occurrence shall be made specifically and with particularity. For the purpose of testing the sufficiency of a pleading. bills of exchange.
(d) Official Document or Act.
ATTACHING COPY OF CAUSE OF ACTION AND EXHIBITS
(a) Instruments Attached.
RULE 1. the Department of Financial Services or the
defendant state agency shall have 30 days from the date of service within which to serve an answer to the complaint or crossclaim or a reply to a counterclaim.
(e) Judgment or Decree.140. it is sufficient to aver the judgment or decree without setting forth matter
showing jurisdiction to render it. shall be incorporated in or attached to the pleading. a defendant shall serve an answer within 20
days after service of original process and the initial pleading on the defendant. or an officer or employee of the state sued in an official capacity shall serve an answer to the complaint or
crossclaim. All bonds. they shall be specifically stated. In pleading an official document or official act it is sufficient to aver that the
document was issued or the act done in compliance with law. except a motion for judgment on the pleadings or a motion to
strike under subdivision (f). or in any motion.
RULE 1. Any exhibit attached to a pleading shall be considered a part thereof for all purposes. or documents upon
which action may be brought or defense made. Florida Statutes.knowledge.130. and other condition of mind of a person may be averred generally. or a reply to a counterclaim. No papers shall be unnecessarily annexed as exhibits. the state of Florida. The plaintiff shall serve an answer to a counterclaim within
20 days after service of the counterclaim.
(B) When sued pursuant to section 768. accounts. in another
pleading.
(c) Conditions Precedent. or other instruments.
(f) Time and Place.

The grounds on which any of the enumerated defenses are based and the
substantial matters of law intended to be argued shall be stated specifically and with particularity in the responsive pleading or motion. except that the objection of failure to state a
legal defense in an answer or reply shall be asserted by motion to strike the defense within 20 days after service
of the answer or reply.the court’s action or.
(1) A party waives all defenses and objections that the party does not present either by motion under subdivisions (b).
(2) The defenses of failure to state a cause of action or a legal defense or to join an indispensable party may
be raised by motion for judgment on the pleadings or at the trial on the merits in addition to being raised either
22
. any party may move for judgment on the pleadings. If the motion is granted and the order of the court is not obeyed
within 10 days after notice of the order or such other time as the court may fix.
(b) How Presented. (2) lack of jurisdiction over the person. No defense or objection is waived by
being joined with other defenses or objections in a responsive pleading or motion.
(4) If the court permits or requires an amended or responsive pleading or a more definite statement. the court may strike the pleading
to which the motion was directed or make such order as it deems just. If a pleading to which a responsive pleading is permitted is so vague or ambiguous that a party cannot reasonably be required to frame a responsive pleading. A party may move to strike or the court may strike redundant. whether made in a pleading or
by motion. if the court grants a motion for a more definite statement.
and (7) failure to join indispensable parties. and the motion for judgment in subdivision (c) of this rule shall be heard and determined before trial
on application of any party unless the court orders that the hearing and determination shall be deferred until the
trial. the
pleading or statement shall be served within 10 days after notice of the court’s action.
(e) Motion for More Definite Statement. that party may
move for a more definite statement before interposing a responsive pleading. If a party makes a motion under this rule but omits
from it any defenses or objections then available to that party that this rule permits to be raised by motion. (4) insufficiency of process. (6) failure to state a cause of action. After the pleadings are closed. in a responsive pleading except as provided in subdivision (h)(2). if one is required. The defenses 1 to 7 in subdivision (b) of this rule. A party who makes a motion under this rule may join with it the other motions herein provided for and then available to that party.
(f) Motion to Strike. Any ground not stated shall be deemed to be waived except any ground showing that
the court lacks jurisdiction of the subject matter may be made at any time. if the party has made no motion. but within such time as not to
delay the trial. Responses to the pleadings or statements shall be served within 10 days of service of the pleadings or statements. but the following defenses may be made by motion at the option of the
pleader: (1) lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter. except as provided
in subdivision (h)(2) of this rule. (5) insufficiency of service of process. immaterial. that
party shall not thereafter make a motion based on any of the defenses or objections omitted. the responsive pleadings shall be
served within 10 days after service of the more definite statement unless a different time is fixed by the court in
either case.
(c) Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings. The motion shall point out the
defects complained of and the details desired. or (f) of this rule or. A motion making any of these defenses shall be made before pleading if a further pleading is permitted.
(h) Waiver of Defenses.
or scandalous matter from any pleading at any time. Every defense in law or fact to a claim for relief in a pleading shall be asserted in the
responsive pleading. impertinent. (3) improper
venue. the adverse party may
assert any defense in law or fact to that claim for relief at the trial.
(d) Preliminary Hearings.
(g) Consolidation of Defenses. If a pleading sets forth a
claim for relief to which the adverse party is not required to serve a responsive pleading. (e).

1988 Amendment.150. or (2) the opposing party brought suit upon that party’s claim by attachment or other process by which the court did not acquire jurisdiction to render a personal judgment on the claim and the pleader is not stating a counterclaim under
this rule. Subdivision (g) follows the terminology of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(g). that
party may move to strike the pleading or part thereof before the cause is set for trial and the court shall hear the
motion. Motions to strike
under subdivision (f) are divided into 2 categories. A motion to strike an insufficient legal defense will now be
available under subdivision (b) and continue to toll the time for responsive pleading.140 to the statutory requirements of sections 48.111. and
768. The motion to strike shall be verified and shall set forth fully the facts on which the
movant relies and may be supported by affidavit.
SHAM PLEADINGS
(a) Motion to Strike.
COUNTERCLAIMS AND CROSSCLAIMS
(a) Compulsory Counterclaims. No traverse of the motion shall be required. for entering defaults. The motion to strike an insufficient legal defense is now in subdivision
(b).
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.28.
2007 Amendment. and the matter
can be stricken by the court on its initiative at any time. and if the motion is sustained. The amendment to subdivision (a) is to fix a time within which amended pleadings.170. If a party deems any pleading or part thereof filed by another party to be a sham.
(b) Contents of Motion.100(a) making a reply mandatory under certain circumstances. Florida Statutes. It
is based on federal rule 12(h) but more clearly states the purpose of the rule. The defense of lack of jurisdiction of the subject
matter may be raised at any time. The motion to strike under subdivision (f) does not toll the time for responsive pleading and can be made at any time.
RULE 1. Default and summary judgment on the merits may be entered in the discretion
of the court or the court may permit additional pleadings to be filed for good cause shown. Subdivision (b) is amended to include the defense of
failure to state a sufficient legal defense. The court’s authority to alter these time periods is contained in rule 1.
MOTIONS
All motions and applications in the clerk’s office for the issuance of mesne process and final process to enforce and execute judgments.
RULE 1.in a motion under subdivision (b) or in the answer or reply. But the pleader need not state a claim
if (1) at the time the action was commenced the claim was the subject of another pending action. and thereafter only by motion for judgment on the pleadings or at the trial. The rule is similar to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(a). Subdivision (f) is changed to accommodate the 2 types of motions to strike. The proper method of attack for failure to state a legal defense remains a motion to strike. and for such other proceedings in the clerk’s office as do not
require an order of court shall be deemed motions and applications grantable as of course by the clerk.
23
.090(b). so subdivision (a) is also amended to accommodate this change by eliminating motions
to strike under the new subdivision (f) as motions that toll the running of time. Subdivision (h) also reflects this philosophy. provided it arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party’s claim and does not require for its adjudication the
presence of third parties over whom the court cannot acquire jurisdiction. A pleading shall state as a counterclaim any claim which at the time of
serving the pleading the pleader has against any opposing party. taking evidence of the respective parties. responsive pleadings.
RULE 1. Subdivision (a) is amended to conform rule 1.
Much difficulty has been experienced in the application of this and the succeeding subdivision with the result that the same defenses are
being raised several times in an action. either by motion or by the responsive pleading. Subdivision (a) is amended to eliminate the unnecessary statement of the return date when service is made by publication.121. and to accommodate the change proposed in rule 1. the pleading to which the motion is directed shall be stricken. or more definite statements required by the court and responses to those pleadings or statements must be served when no time limit is fixed by the
court in its order. The intent of the rule is to permit the defenses to be raised one time. 48.160. The
clerk’s action may be suspended or altered or rescinded by the court upon cause shown.

270(b).080(b). The court to which the action is transferred shall have
full power and jurisdiction over the demands of all parties. When a pleader fails to set up a counterclaim or crossclaim
through oversight. they shall be
named in the counterclaim or crossclaim and be served with process and shall be parties to the action thereafter
if jurisdiction of them can be obtained and their joinder will not deprive the court of jurisdiction of the action. or relating to any property that is the subject matter of the original action.
(e) Counterclaim Maturing or Acquired after Pleading. The crossclaim may
include a claim that the party against whom it is asserted is or may be liable to the crossclaimant for all or part
of a claim asserted in the action against the crossclaimant. Separate Judgment. shall reduce a
claim for damages to an amount within the jurisdiction of the court where the action is pending and waive the
claim in other cases. the pleader may set up the counterclaim or crossclaim by amendment with leave of the court. A counterclaim may or may not diminish or defeat the recovery sought by the opposing party. A pleading may state as a crossclaim any claim by one party against a coparty arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of either the original action or a counterclaim therein. Service of a crossclaim against a party who has not appeared in the action shall be made in the manner provided for service of summons. Transfer of Action. If the court orders separate trials as provided in rule 1.
(f) Omitted Counterclaim or Crossclaim. The court shall order the transfer of the action and the transmittal of
all papers in it to the proper court if the party asserting the demand exceeding the jurisdiction deposits with the
court having jurisdiction a sum sufficient to pay the clerk’s service charge in the court to which the action is
transferred at the time of filing the counterclaim or crossclaim. These rules shall not be construed to enlarge beyond the limits established by law the right to assert counterclaims or to claim credits against the state or any of its subdivisions or
other governmental organizations thereof subject to suit or against a municipal corporation or against an officer. The only
24
. or when justice requires.
(j) Demand Exceeding Jurisdiction.
agency. or within such further time as the court may allow. or administrative board of the state.
Rules 1. No justification
exists to require more restrictive joinder provisions for counterclaims and crossclaims than is required for the initial pleading. Service of a crossclaim on a party who has appeared
in the action shall be made pursuant to rule 1.
(h) Additional Parties May Be Brought In.(b) Permissive Counterclaim.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.
judgment on a counterclaim or crossclaim may be rendered when the court has jurisdiction to do so even if a
claim of the opposing party has been dismissed or otherwise disposed of. Failure to make the service charge deposit at the
time the counterclaim or crossclaim is filed.
(c) Counterclaim Exceeding Opposing Claim.250(b) and (c) apply to parties brought in under this subdivision. A claim which matured or was acquired by the
pleader after serving the pleading may be presented as a counterclaim by supplemental pleading with the permission of the court. or excusable neglect. Thereupon the original papers and deposit shall
be transmitted and filed with a certified copy of the order.
(g) Crossclaim against Co-Party. inadvertence. It may claim relief exceeding in amount or different in kind from that sought
in the pleading of the opposing party.
(d) Counterclaim against the State.250(c). the action shall be transferred forthwith to
the court of the same county having jurisdiction of the demand in the counterclaim or crossclaim with only such
alterations in the pleadings as are essential. A pleading may state as a counterclaim any claim against an opposing party
not arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party’s claim. When the presence of parties other than those to the original action is required to grant complete relief in the determination of a counterclaim or crossclaim.
(i) Separate Trials. If the demand of any counterclaim or crossclaim
exceeds the jurisdiction of the court in which the action is pending. Subdivision (h) is amended to conform with the philosophy of the 1968 amendment to rule 1.

The third-party defendant may
also assert any claim against the plaintiff arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of
the plaintiff’s claim against the defendant. they shall be treated in all respects as if they had been raised in the
25
.
Florida Statutes. 2d 596 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982). Leave of court
shall be given freely when justice so requires. the
plaintiff may bring in a third party under circumstances which would entitle a defendant to do so under this rule. A party shall plead in response to an amended pleading within 10
days after service of the amended pleading unless the court otherwise orders.180. The purpose of this amendment is to make it clear that crossclaims must be served as
initial pleadings only against a party who has not previously entered an appearance in the action.
AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTAL PLEADINGS
(a) Amendments. Otherwise. shall make defenses
to the defendant’s claim as provided in rules 1. 4th DCA 1978). When a counterclaim is asserted against the plaintiff.. Subdivision (a) is amended to permit the defendant to have the same right to assert claims arising out of the transaction or occurrence that all of the other parties to the action have. The term defendant is used throughout instead of third-party plaintiff for clarity and brevity reasons and refers to the defendant serving the summons and third-party complaint on a third-party defendant or. 2d 1099 (Fla. herein called the third-party defendant.
1988 Amendment. Onyx Paints. Co.170. Subdivision (j) is amended to require deposit of the service
charge for transfer when a counterclaim or crossclaim exceeding the jurisdiction of the court in which the action is pending is filed. may so amend it at any time within 20 days after it is served.031(1). Any party may move to strike the third-party claim or
for its severance or separate trial. if the pleading is one to which no responsive pleading is permitted and the action has not
been placed on the trial calendar. v.140 and counterclaims against the defendant and
crossclaims against other third-party defendants as provided in rule 1. This
cures a practical problem when the defendant files a counterclaim or crossclaim exceeding the jurisdiction but neglects to pay the service
charge to the court to which the action is transferred.070.
RULE 1. At any time after commencement of the action a defendant may have a summons and
complaint served on a person not a party to the action who is or may be liable to the defendant for all or part of
the plaintiff’s claim against the defendant.110 and 1. and the third-party defendant thereupon shall assert a defense as provided in rules 1. Canadiana Corp. The matter then remains in limbo and causes procedural difficulties in progressing the
action.
RULE 1.190. and Richard’s Paint Mfg. the defendant must obtain leave on motion and notice to all parties to the action.safeguard required is that joinder does not deprive the court of jurisdiction. and may also assert any other claim that arises out of the transaction
or occurrence that is the subject matter of the plaintiff’s claim.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment. Inc. It overrules the decisions in Miramar Construction. by an appellate court in Fundaro v.
THIRD-PARTY PRACTICE
(a) When Available. If a party files a motion to amend a pleading. 303 So.110 and 1. when applicable.
to that extent. the party shall attach the proposed amended pleading to the motion. The person
served with the summons and third-party complaint. to the similar summons and fourth
party. 2d 81 (Fla. v. When issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or implied consent of the parties. 3d DCA 1974).
(b) Amendments to Conform with the Evidence. Inc. 363 So. A party may amend a pleading once as a matter of course at any time before a responsive
pleading is served or. The defendant need not obtain leave of court if
the defendant files the third-party complaint not later than 20 days after the defendant serves the original answer. Otherwise a party may amend a pleading only by leave of court or by written consent of the adverse party. El Conquistador
Condominium. The third-party defendant may assert
against the plaintiff any defenses that the defendant has to the plaintiff’s claim.140 and
counterclaims and crossclaims as provided in rule 1. A third-party defendant may proceed under this rule against any person not a
party to the action who is or may be liable to the third-party defendant for all or part of the claim made in the
action against the third-party defendant. The last 2 sentences were added to subdivision (g) to counter the construction of these rules and section 48. 409 So. The plaintiff may assert any claim against the third-party defendant
arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the plaintiff’s claim against the defendant. to require service of all
crossclaims with summons pursuant to rule 1.
(b) When Plaintiff May Bring in Third Party..170.

1 So. Inc.070(j). may convene. the court
may order. v. When the claim or defense asserted in the amended pleading arose out
of the conduct. thus simplifying the court file under the doctrine of Dee v.pleadings. See the
amendment to rule 1.
RULE 1. or expedite discovery.200. subject to rule 1. The last clause of subdivision (a) is deleted to restore the decision in Scarfone v. to serve a supplemental pleading setting forth transactions or occurrences
or events which have happened since the date of the pleading sought to be supplemented.
2003 Amendment. the
amendment shall relate back to the date of the original pleading. Inc.. The matter to be considered shall be specified in the order or notice setting the conference. transaction. At any time after responsive pleadings or motions are due. 2d 694 (Fla. Meeks. Denby. At such a conference the court may:
(1) schedule or reschedule the service of motions. v. even after judgment.440(c). A motion for leave to amend a pleading to assert a claim for punitive
damages shall make a reasonable showing. specifying the time therefor. but failure so to
amend shall not affect the result of the trial of these issues. it shall so order. Subdivision (f) is added to state the requirements for a party moving for leave of court to amend a pleading to
assert a claim for punitive damages.
(4) limit. See Beverly Health & Rehabilitation Services. upon reasonable notice and upon such terms as are just. or record to be amended or material supplemental matter to be
set forth in an amended or supplemental pleading. by serving a notice. proceeding. 2d DCA 2000). a case management conference. pleadings. Upon motion of a party the court may permit that party. and other papers.. pleading. Williams. 2d 562 (1941). or occurrence set forth or attempted to be set forth in the original pleading. The adoption of rule 1.500 requiring notice of an application for default after filing or serving of any paper eliminates the need
for the clause.
26
. The motion to amend can be filed separately and before the supporting evidence or proffer. 146 Fla. the court may allow the pleadings to be amended
to conform with the evidence and shall do so freely when the merits of the cause are more effectually presented
thereby and the objecting party fails to satisfy the court that the admission of such evidence will prejudice the
objecting party in maintaining an action or defense upon the merits. Subdivision (a) is amended in accordance with Totura & Co. by evidence in the record or evidence to be proffered by the claimant.
PRETRIAL PROCEDURE
(a) Case Management Conference.
(3) coordinate the progress of the action if the complex litigation factors contained in rule 1. 2d 671 (Fla.
(d) Supplemental Pleadings. the court
may permit any process.
(2) set or reset the time of trials.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.
(c) Relation Back of Amendments. 754 So.201(a)(2)(A)–
(a)(2)(H) are present. 588. If the evidence is objected to at the trial on the
ground that it is not within the issues made by the pleadings. Southern Brewing Co.
(f) Claims for Punitive Damages. At any time in furtherance of justice. that provides a reasonable basis for recovery of such damages.
(e) Amendments Generally. but each shall be served on all parties at least 20 days before the hearing. Such amendment of the pleadings as may be necessary to cause them to conform to the evidence and
to raise these issues may be made upon motion of any party at any time. schedule. order. 778 So. At every stage of the action the court must disregard any error or defect in the proceedings which does not affect the substantial rights of the parties. This will permit reinstatement of the procedure in federal practice and earlier Florida practice requiring a response to each
amended pleading. 2000). or a party. 156 So. If the court deems it
advisable that the adverse party plead thereto. 2d 322 (Fla. upon such terms as may be just. 2d
DCA 1963).

The order shall control the subsequent course of the action unless modified to prevent injustice. i. Reasonable notice shall be given for a case management conference.e. On failure of a party to attend a conference.
The subdivision is also amended to require the clerk to send to the judge a copy of the motion by a party for the pretrial conference. and
(6) any matters permitted under subdivision (a) of this rule. The purpose of adding subdivision (a)(5) is to spell out clearly for the bench and bar that case management conferences may be used for scheduling the disclosure of expert witnesses and the discovery of the opinion and factual information held by those
experts. This is done to avoid motions
for pretrial conferences made a short time before trial and requests for a continuance of the trial as a result of the pretrial conference order.
(6) schedule or hear motions in limine. Subdivision (a) is amended to allow a party to set a case management conference in the same manner as a party may
set a hearing on a motion.
(7) pursue the possibilities of settlement. Subdivision (5) is not intended to expand discovery. and 20 days’ notice shall be
given for a pretrial conference. and
(10) schedule other conferences or determine other matters that may aid in the disposition of the action.
1992 Amendment.
1972 Amendment. Subdivision (a) is amended to require the motion for a pretrial by a party to be timely.
1988 Amendment. The last sentence of subdivision (c) is deleted since it is covered by the local
rule provisions of rule 1.
(b) Pretrial Conference.
strike the pleadings.(5) schedule disclosure of expert witnesses and the discovery of facts known and opinions held by such experts. or take any other appropriate action.
(2) the necessity or desirability of amendments to the pleadings.
(c) Notice. Subdivision (c) is amended to remove the mandatory language and make the notice requirement for a case management conference the same as that for a hearing on a motion. the court may dismiss the action. limit proof or witnesses. The court shall make an order reciting the action taken at a conference and any stipulations made.
27
. The present last paragraph is placed second as subdivision (b) because the proceeding required under it is taken before that in the present second paragraph. After the action is at issue the court itself may or shall on the timely motion of any
party require the parties to appear for a conference to consider and determine:
(1) the simplification of the issues.020(d). The time for implementation is
changed from settling the issues because the language is erroneous. Any documents that the court
requires for any conference shall be specified in the order.
(d) Pretrial Order. The reference to the parties in substitution for attorneys and counsel is one of style because the rules generally impose obligations on the parties except when the attorneys are specifically intended.
(4) the limitation of the number of expert witnesses.
Committee Notes
1971 Amendment.
(3) the possibility of obtaining admissions of fact and of documents that will avoid unnecessary proof. reasonable notice. The last 2 sentences of subdivision (b) are added to require uniformity by all judges of the court and to require specification of the documentary requirements for the conference.. Orders setting pretrial conferences shall be uniform
throughout the territorial jurisdiction of the court. The 3 paragraphs of the rule are lettered and given subtitles. It should be understood that those parties
represented by attorneys will have the attorneys perform for them in the usual manner.
(5) the potential use of juror notebooks. the purpose of the conference being to settle some and prepare for the
trial of other issues.
(8) require filing of preliminary stipulations if issues can be narrowed.
(9) consider referring issues to a magistrate for findings of fact.

(3) If all of the parties.
COMPLEX LITIGATION
(a) Complex Litigation Defined. All of the matters that the court can do under the case management
conference can be done at the present time under other rules or because of the court’s authority otherwise. sign and file with the clerk of the court a written stipulation to the fact that an action is complex and identifying the factors in (2)(A) through (2)(H) above that apply.
28
. Subdivision (a) of the existing rule is also amended to delete the reference to requiring the attorneys to
appear at a pretrial conference by referring to the parties for that purpose. The new subdivision merely
emphasizes the court’s authority and arranges an orderly method for the exercise of that authority. However. any party may move to designate an action complex before all defendants have been served subject to a showing to the court why service has not been made on
all defendants. Subdivisions (a)(5) and (a)(6) of the existing rule are deleted since they are now covered adequately under the new subdivision (a).
(1) A “complex action” is one that is likely to involve complicated legal or case management issues and
that may require extensive judicial management to expedite the action.200. and
(H) any other analytical factors identified by the court or a party that tend to complicate comparable actions and which are likely to arise in the context of the instant action. the court must consider whether the action is likely to involve:
(A) numerous pretrial motions raising difficult or novel legal issues or legal issues that are inextricably
intertwined that will be time-consuming to resolve. and (c) of the existing rule are relettered accordingly. Subdivision (a) is added to authorize case management conferences in
an effort to give the court more control over the progress of the action. At any time after all defendants have been served. states. may move to declare an action complex. or the court on its own
motion.Court Commentary
1984 Amendment. or exhibits. keep costs reasonable. This is a substantial rewording of rule 1.
RULE 1.
(F) management at trial of a large number of experts.
(B) management of a large number of separately represented parties. witnesses.
(D) pretrial management of a large number of witnesses or a substantial amount of documentary evidence. attorneys. The court shall hold an initial case management
conference within 60 days from the date of the order declaring the action complex.
(G) substantial post-judgment judicial supervision. This is consistent with the language used throughout the rules and
does not contemplate a change in present procedure. The court shall convene a hearing to determine whether the action requires the use of complex
litigation procedures and enter an order within 10 days of the conclusion of the hearing.
(E) substantial time required to complete the trial. Subdivisions (a).
the court shall enter an order designating the action as complex without a hearing. pro se or through counsel. and an appearance has
been entered in response to the complaint by each party or a default entered.
or in a federal court. any party.
(b) Initial Case Management Report and Conference. Subdivisions (b) and (c) of the existing rule are amended to accommodate the 2 types of conferences that are now authorized by the rules.201. (b).
(2) In deciding whether an action is complex. or promote judicial efficiency. or countries.
(C) coordination with related actions pending in one or more courts in other counties.

and (v) to complete
discovery. outlining a discovery plan and stating:
(A) a brief factual statement of the action.
(E) the proposed limits on the time: (i) to join other parties and to amend the pleadings. and the number and timing of motions for summary judgment or partial summary judgment.440. (iii) to identify any nonparties whose identity is known. or otherwise describe as specifically as
practicable any nonparties whose identity is not known.(1) At least 20 days prior to the date of the initial case management conference.
(c) The Case Management Order.
(B) a brief statement on the theory of damages by any party seeking affirmative relief.
(G) the necessity for a protective order to facilitate discovery.
(M) a description of pertinent documents and a list of fact witnesses the parties believe to be relevant. The trial date or dates shall be on a docket having sufficient time within
which to try the action and.
(L) requested date or dates for conferences before trial. other neutral.
(F) the names of the attorneys responsible for handling the action.
(C) the likelihood of settlement. which shall be filed with the
clerk of the court no later than 14 days before the conference.
(3) Notwithstanding rule 1.
(D) the likelihood of appearance in the action of additional parties and identification of any nonparties to
whom any of the parties will seek to allocate fault. The case management order also shall specify
29
. The court shall. electronically stored information. master.
(K) a preliminary estimate of the time required for trial. and
the need for advance rulings from the court on admissibility of evidence. arrange for a sufficient number of available jurors. no later
than 2 months prior to the date scheduled for jury selection.
(H) proposals for the formulation and simplification of issues. for a date or dates certain. and trial.
(J) suggestions on the advisability and timing of referring matters to a magistrate. the court will set the trial date
or dates no sooner than 6 months and no later than 24 months from the date of the conference unless good cause
is shown for an earlier or later setting. attorneys for the parties as
well as any parties appearing pro se shall confer and prepare a joint statement. The trial date shall be set after consultation with counsel and in the presence of all clients or authorized client representatives. stipulations regarding authenticity of documents. (ii) to file and
hear motions.
(N) number of experts and fields of expertise. and
(O) any other information that might be helpful to the court in setting further conferences and the trial
date. when feasible. which includes the claims and defenses.
(I) the possibility of obtaining admissions of fact and voluntary exchange of documents and electronically stored information. including the elimination of frivolous
claims or defenses.
Continuance of the trial of a complex action should rarely be granted and then only upon good cause shown. The case management order shall address each matter set forth under
rule 1. at the initial case management conference. a final pretrial conference.
or mediation. (iv) to disclose expert witnesses.
(2) Lead trial counsel and a client representative shall attend the initial case management conference.200(a) and set the action for a pretrial conference and trial.

Failure to timely notify the court
that a case management conference or hearing time is unnecessary may result in sanctions. The status report shall contain in separately numbered paragraphs:
(1) A list of all pending motions requiring action by the court and the date those motions are set for hearing. Any party may file the
completed discovery deposition schedule agreed upon or entered by the court. the other parties may name experts in that field within 30 days thereafter.
(6) A deadline for conducting alternative dispute resolution.
(5) The case management order may include a briefing schedule setting forth a time period within which to
file briefs or memoranda. The attorneys for the parties as well as any parties appearing pro se shall confer no later than 15 days prior to each case management conference or hearing. However. Once filed.
(4) The court shall schedule periodic case management conferences and hearings on lengthy motions at
reasonable intervals based on the particular needs of the action. If a party has named an expert witness in a field in which any other parties have not identified experts.
(7) A deadline for the filing of amended lists of witnesses and exhibits. the deposition dates
in the schedule shall not be altered without consent of all parties or upon order of the court. The court shall schedule a final case management conference not
less than 90 days prior to the date the case is set for trial.380. and reply briefs or memoranda.
They shall notify the court at least 10 days prior to any case management conference or hearing if the parties
stipulate that a case management conference or hearing time is unnecessary.
(3) The names of the attorneys who will try the case.
(2) Not more than 10 days after the date set for naming experts. upon motion. responses. which amendments shall be allowed
only upon motion and for good cause shown.
(5) A list of all exhibits intended to be offered at trial.
(2) Any change regarding the estimated trial time. Failure to comply
with the discovery schedule may result in sanctions in accordance with rule 1.280(b)(4). shall set the schedule. prior to the court considering such matters. the parties shall meet and schedule dates
for deposition of experts and all other witnesses not yet deposed.
(3) Dates by which all parties are to complete all other discovery. impeachment or rebuttal witnesses not identified in the case
status report may be allowed to testify if the need for their testimony could not have been reasonably foreseen at
the time the case status report was prepared.the following:
(1) Dates by which all parties shall name their expert witnesses and provide the expert information required
by rule 1. At the time of the meeting each party is responsible for having secured three confirmed dates for its expert witnesses. which shall be filed with the clerk of the court
either prior to or at the time of the final case management conference.
(6) Certification that copies of witness and exhibit lists will be filed with the clerk of the court at least 48
hours prior to the date and time of the final case management conference. At least 10 days prior to the final case management
conference the parties shall confer to prepare a case status report. In the event the parties cannot
agree on a discovery deposition schedule.
30
.
(4) A list of the names and addresses of all non-expert witnesses (including impeachment and rebuttal witnesses) intended to be called at trial. the court.
(d) Final Case Management Conference. No additional experts
may be named unless good cause is shown.

Persons having a
united interest may be joined on the same side as plaintiffs or defendants.201(25). A claim or defense may be maintained on behalf of a class if the
court concludes that the prerequisites of subdivision (a) are satisfied.
RULE 1. the representative may sue or defend on behalf of the minor or incompetent
person. Florida Statutes (1979).(8) Any other matters which could impact the timely and effective trial of the action. In subdivision (a).
that gives trustees the power to prosecute and defend actions. (3) the claim or defense of the
representative party is typical of the claim or defense of each member of the class.
(b) Claims and Defenses Maintainable. When a minor or incompetent person has a representative. Stat. but a personal representative.
(b) Minors or Incompetent Persons. and (4) the representative
party can fairly and adequately protect and represent the interests of each member of the class. a party with whom or in whose name a
contract has been made for the benefit of another. administrator. Subdivision (c) has been supplanted by section 737. “an executor” is changed to “a personal representative” to conform to statutory language. and anyone who refuses to join may
for such reason be made a defendant.
2003 Amendment. Before any claim or defense may be maintained on behalf of a
class by one party or more suing or being sued as the representative of all the members of a class. so the rule would be unconstitutionally applied.402(2)(z). or a party expressly authorized by statute may sue in that person’s own name without joining the party for whose benefit the action is brought. and that:
(1) the prosecution of separate claims or defenses by or against individual members of the class would
create a risk of either:
(A) inconsistent or varying adjudications concerning individual members of the class which would establish incompatible standards of conduct for the party opposing the class.
RULE 1. Subdivisions (c) and (d) are deleted. See §
731. Every action may be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest.
PARTIES
(a) Parties Generally. regardless of the conditions specified in the subdivision. A minor or incompetent person who does not have a duly appointed representative may sue by next
friend or by a guardian ad litem. due process requires notice and an opportunity to defend.210. Both are obsolete. guardian. trustee of an express trust. (2) the claim or defense of the representative party raises questions of law or fact common to the questions of law or fact raised by the claim or defense of each member of the class.
CLASS ACTIONS
(a) Prerequisites to Class Representation. They were continued in effect earlier because the committee
was uncertain about the need for them at the time.220.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment. eliminates the need for subdivision (d) because it provides an easier and less expensive method of
eliminating the interests of an heir at law who is not a beneficiary under the will. Florida Statutes (1979). All persons having an interest
in the subject of the action and in obtaining the relief demanded may join as plaintiffs and any person may be
made a defendant who has or claims an interest adverse to the plaintiff. the court shall
first conclude that (1) the members of the class are so numerous that separate joinder of each member is impracticable.212. The adoption of
section 733. or
31
. The court shall appoint a guardian ad litem for a minor or incompetent person
not otherwise represented in an action or shall make such other order as it deems proper for the protection of the
minor or incompetent person. Fla. Any person may at any time be made a
party if that person’s presence is necessary or proper to a complete determination of the cause. To the extent that an heir at law is an indispensable party
to a proceeding concerning a testamentary trust. such as a
guardian or other like fiduciary. (2002).

and
class representation is superior to other available methods for the fair and efficient adjudication of the controversy.
(1) As soon as practicable after service of any pleading alleging the existence of a class under this rule and
before service of an order for pretrial conference or a notice for trial. The conclusions shall be derived from consideration of all relevant facts and circumstances.
32
. including
(A) the respective interests of each member of the class in individually controlling the prosecution of separate
claims or defenses. thereby making final injunctive relief or declaratory relief concerning the class as a whole appropriate. after hearing the court shall enter an order
determining whether the claim or defense is maintainable on behalf of a class on the application of any party or
on the court’s initiative. counterclaim. or
(3) the claim or defense is not maintainable under either subdivision (b)(1) or (b)(2). if so. but the questions of
law or fact common to the claim or defense of the representative party and the claim or defense of each member
of the class predominate over any question of law or fact affecting only individual members of the class. Irrespective of whether the court determines that the claim or defense is maintainable
on behalf of a class. designated as “Class Representation Allegations.
and (D) the difficulties likely to be encountered in the management of the claim or defense on behalf of a class. Notice.
(C) the particular facts and circumstances that show the claim or defense advanced by the representative
party is typical of the claim or defense of each member of the class. the order shall separately state the findings of fact and conclusions of law upon which the
determination is based.
(D) (i) the approximate number of class members. and. In making the determination the court (A) may allow the claim or defense to be so maintained.
(B) the questions of law or fact that are common to the claim or defense of the representative party and
the claim or defense of each member of the class. or substantially
impair or impede the ability of other members of the class who are not parties to the adjudications to protect
their interests. (C) the
desirability or undesirability of concentrating the litigation in the forum where the subject action is instituted. be dispositive of the interests of other members of the class who are not parties to the adjudications. and (iii) the particular facts and circumstances that show the representative party will fairly and adequately protect and
represent the interests of each member of the class. (ii) a definition of the alleged class. or
(2) the party opposing the class has acted or refused to act on grounds generally applicable to all the members of the class. Any pleading. Judgment: Claim or Defense Maintained Partly on
Behalf of a Class.” specific recitation of:
(A) the particular provision of subdivision (b) under which it is claimed that the claim or defense is maintainable on behalf of a class. as a practical matter. (B) the nature and extent of any pending litigation to which any member of the class is a
party and in which any question of law or fact controverted in the subject action is to be adjudicated. or crossclaim alleging the existence of a class shall
contain the following:
(1) Next to its caption the designation: “Class Representation.
(c) Pleading Requirements. shall state under which subsection of subdivision (b) the claim or defense is to be maintained. and
(E) the particular facts and circumstances that support the conclusions required of the court in determining that the action may be maintained as a class action pursuant to the particular provision of subdivision (b)
under which it is claimed that the claim or defense is maintainable on behalf of a class.(B) adjudications concerning individual members of the class which would.
(d) Determination of Class Representation.”
(2) Under a separate heading.

The judgment determining a claim or defense maintained on behalf of a class under
subdivision (b)(3).
RULE 1. who have not requested exclusion and whom the court finds to be
members of the class. the claim or defense shall not be voluntarily withdrawn. the rule provides for the prerequisites to class representation. 154 So. The prerequisites of
subdivision (a) are changed from those in federal rule 23 only to the extent necessary to incorporate the criteria enunciated in Port Royal v. The notice shall be given to each member of the class who can be identified and located through reasonable effort and shall be given to the other members of the class in the manner
determined by the court to be most practicable under the circumstances. the order shall also provide for the notice required by subdivision (d)(2). If the
court rules that the claim or defense shall be maintained on behalf of a class under subdivision (b)(1) or subdivision (b)(2).221. provisions for the members of the class to exclude themselves. and (C) any member who does not request
exclusion may make a separate appearance within the time specified in the notice. After a claim or defense is determined to be maintainable on behalf of a class
under subdivision (d). dismissal. Notice of any proposed voluntary withdrawal. shall include and identify those to whom the notice
provided in subdivision (d)(2) was directed. the court may provide for another kind of notice to the class as is appropriate.
for further consideration and final disposition of the motion. notice to all members of the class. notice of the pendency of the claim or defense shall be given by the party asserting the existence of the
class to all the members of the class. shall include and describe those persons whom the court finds to
be members of the class. If the court rules that the claim or defense shall be maintained on behalf of a
class under subdivision (b)(3). will include all members who do not request exclusion.
(e) Dismissal or Compromise.
(2) As soon as is practicable after the court determines that a claim or defense is maintainable on behalf of
a class. whether favorable or not.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment. or (C) may order postponement of the determination pending the completion of discovery concerning whether the claim or defense is
maintainable on behalf of a class. The notice requirements have been made more explicit and stringent than those in the federal
rule. the order shall also provide for the notice required by subdivision (d)(2). except when a showing is
made that the notice is not required. maintain. whether or not favorable to the class. settle. dismissed. and each subclass may be treated as
a separate and distinct class and the provisions of this rule shall be applied accordingly.
Conboy. may institute. The rule is based on Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23.
the party asserting the existence of the class shall initially pay for the cost of giving notice.
(3) The judgment determining a claim or defense maintained on behalf of a class under subdivision (b)(1)
or (b)(2). (A) a claim or defense may be brought or maintained on behalf of a class concerning
particular issues. An order under this subsection may be conditional
and may be altered or amended before entry of a judgment on the merits of the action. but a number of changes have been made to eliminate problems in the federal rule through court decisions. or compromised
without approval of the court after notice and hearing. When the court orders postponement of its determination. after control of such association is obtained by homeowners or
unit owners other than the developer. or (B) class representation may be divided into subclasses.
(4) When appropriate. an early determination about whether the claim or defense is maintainable on behalf of a class. but not
33
. 2d 734 (Fla. whether or not favorable to the class. The notice shall inform each member of the class that (A) any member of the class who files a statement with the court by the date
specified in the notice asking to be excluded shall be excluded from the class. (B) the judgment. including.
HOMEOWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS AND CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATIONS
A homeowners’ or condominium association. The class action rule has been completely revised to bring it in line with modern practice. and the procedure governing dismissal or compromise of a claim or defense maintained on behalf of a class.
or compromise shall be given to all members of the class as the court directs. Unless otherwise ordered by the court.
Generally. if possible. or appeal actions or hearings in its name on
behalf of all association members concerning matters of common interest to the members.(B) may disallow the class representation and strike the class representation allegations. the form of
judgment. the court shall also establish a date. 2d DCA 1963).

INTERVENTIONS
Anyone claiming an interest in pending litigation may at any time be permitted to assert a right by intervention. homeowners’ associations have been added to
the rule. but the intervention shall be in subordination to.230.limited to: (1) the common property.
1988 Editor’s Note: Rule 1. settle. or class of such owners. and in recognition of. (5) protests of ad valorem taxes on commonly used facilities.240. Consistent with amendments to section 720.220. Nothing herein limits any statutory or common law right of any individual homeowner or unit owner. maintain.
INTERPLEADER
Persons having claims against the plaintiff may be joined as defendants and required to interplead when their
claims are such that the plaintiff is or may be exposed to double or multiple liability. A defendant exposed to similar
liability may obtain such interpleader by way of crossclaim or counterclaim. An action
under this rule shall not be subject to the requirements of rule 1.221. The present rule relating to condominium associations [1.303(1). (2) the roof or structural components of a building. Nothing herein limits any statutory or common law right of any
individual homeowner or class of homeowners to bring any action which may otherwise be available. being specifically limited to those improvements
for which the association is responsible). The provisions of this rule supplement and do not in any way limit the joinder of parties otherwise permitted. structural components of a building or other improvements. in the case
of homeowners’ associations. the association may be joined in an action as
representative of that class with reference to litigation and disputes involving the matters for which the association could bring a class action under this rule. If the association has the authority to maintain a class action under this rule.220(b)] is left intact but renumbered as rule 1.2d 1121 (Fla.222 was adopted in Lanca Homeowners. and plumbing elements serving the park property. (6) defense of actions in eminent domain or prosecution of inverse condemnation
actions. v. unless otherwise ordered by the court in its discretion.
RULE 1. or
other improvements (in the case of homeowners’ associations. and. electrical. area. the propriety of the main proceeding.
RULE 1. or plumbing elements serving a property or
an improvement or building (in the case of homeowners’ associations.
2007 Amendment. or appeal actions or hearings in its name on
behalf of all homeowners concerning matters of common interest. Florida Statutes. being specifically limited to those elements for which the association is responsible). An action under this rule shall not be subject to the requirements of rule 1.. including. or elements. (3) mechanical. Lantana Cascade of Palm Beach. to bring any action that may
otherwise be available.220. the association may be
joined in an action as representative of that class with reference to litigation and disputes involving the matters
for which the association could bring a class action under this rule.
RULE 1. Ltd. and protests of ad valorem taxes on commonly used facilities.222. 541 So.
34
. If an association has the authority to maintain a class action under this rule. but not limited to: the common
property. or that the plaintiff avers
that the plaintiff is not liable in whole or in part to any or all of the claimants. It is not ground for objection to the joinder that the claim of the several claimants or the titles on which their claims depend do not have a
common origin or are not identical but are adverse to and independent of one another. electrical.
1988). mechanical. Inc.
MOBILE HOMEOWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS
A mobile homeowners’ association may institute.
Committee Notes
1980 Adoption. (4) representations of the developer pertaining to any existing or
proposed commonly used facility.

the action does not abate and the officer’s successor is automatically
35
.
(1) If a party dies and the claim is not thereby extinguished.
(d) Public Officers. the court.
RULE 1. In case of any transfer of interest.
(b) Incompetency. or otherwise ceases to hold office. Misjoinder of parties is not a ground for dismissal of an action. unless the court upon motion directs the person to whom the interest is transferred to be substituted in the action or joined with the original party. the action shall not abate.080
and upon persons not parties in the manner provided for the service of a summons. SUBSTITUTION OF PARTIES
(a) Death. the action shall be dismissed as to the deceased
party. together with the notice of hearing. the notice of dismissal shall be recorded and cancels the notice of lis pendens without the necessity of a court order.
(2) In the event of the death of one or more of the plaintiffs or of one or more of the defendants in an action
in which the right sought to be enforced survives only to the surviving plaintiffs or only against the surviving
defendants. The motion for substitution may be made by any party or by the successors or representatives of the
deceased party and. Parties may be dropped by an adverse party in the manner provided for voluntary
dismissal in rule 1.
MISJOINDER AND NONJOINDER OF PARTIES
(a) Misjoinder.190(a). If a party becomes incompetent.420(a)(1) subject to the exception stated in that rule. Unless the motion for substitution is made within 90 days after the death is suggested upon the record by service of a statement of the fact of
the death in the manner provided for the service of the motion. may allow the action to be continued by or against that person’s representative. This conforms the subdivision to all of the permissive types of amendment under rule 1. The death shall be suggested upon the record and the action shall proceed
in favor of or against the surviving parties. Parties may be added once as a matter of course within the same time that pleadings can
be so amended under rule 1. Parties may be added by order of
court on its own initiative or on motion of any party at any stage of the action and on such terms as are just.
parties may be added in the amended pleading without further order of court.RULE 1.
(1) When a public officer is a party to an action in an official capacity and during its pendency dies. It was an inadvertent omission by the committee
when the rule in its present form was adopted in 1968 as can be seen by reference to the 1968 committee note.
SURVIVOR. Subdivision (c) is amended to permit the addition of parties when the pleadings are amended by stipulation. Death or Separation from Office. the action may be continued by or against the
original party. Any claim against a party
may be severed and proceeded with separately. the court may order substitution of the proper
parties.
(c) Transfer of Interest. shall be served on all parties as provided in rule 1.250.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. If notice of lis pendens has been filed in
the action against a party so dropped.190(a).260.
(b) Dropping Parties. upon motion served as provided in subdivision
(a) of this rule. resigns. Service of the motion shall be made as provided in subdivision (a) of this rule. Parties may be dropped by order of court on its own initiative or the
motion of any party at any stage of the action on such terms as are just.
(c) Adding Parties. If amendment by leave of court or stipulation of the parties is permitted.

It is not ground for objection that the information sought will be inadmissible at the trial if the information sought appears reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence. a party may
obtain discovery of documents and tangible things otherwise discoverable under subdivision (b)(1) of this rule
and prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial by or for another party or by or for that party’s representative. A party may obtain discovery of the existence and contents of any agreement
under which any person may be liable to satisfy part or all of a judgment that may be entered in the action or to
indemnify or to reimburse a party for payments made to satisfy the judgment. or agent. insurer. or legal theories of an attorney or other representative of a party concerning
36
.
(b) Scope of Discovery.
CONSOLIDATION. opinions. it may order all the actions consolidated. Subject to the provisions of subdivision (b)(4) of this rule.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
GOVERNING DISCOVERY
(a) Discovery Methods. consultant. and 1. condition. conclusions. and
location of any books. Proceedings following the substitution shall be in the name of the substituted party.
(2) Indemnity Agreements. the
frequency of use of these methods is not limited. Parties may obtain discovery by one or more of the following methods: depositions
upon oral examination or written questions. the court shall protect against disclosure of the mental
impressions. or third-party claim or of any separate issue or of any number of claims. description. nature. including the existence. When actions involving a common question of law or fact are pending before the court.
(3) Trial Preparation: Materials. it
may order a joint hearing or trial of any or all the matters in issue in the actions. the
scope of discovery is as follows:
(1) In General. or issues. and requests for admission. The court in furtherance of convenience or to avoid prejudice may order a separate trial
of any claim. Parties may obtain discovery regarding any matter. only upon a showing
that the party seeking discovery has need of the materials in the preparation of the case and is unable without
undue hardship to obtain the substantial equivalent of the materials by other means. In ordering discovery of the
materials when the required showing has been made. Information concerning the
agreement is not admissible in evidence at trial by reason of disclosure.340. counterclaim. but
any misnomer not affecting the substantial rights of the parties shall be disregarded. not privileged. SEPARATE TRIALS
(a) Consolidation. the officer may be described as a party by
the official title rather than by name but the court may require the officer’s name to be added. An order of substitution
may be entered at any time. surety. physical and mental examinations.280. except as provided in rules 1.
(b) Separate Trials.
RULE 1.270.substituted as a party. documents. but the omission to enter such an order shall not affect the substitution. counterclaims. third-party claims. Unless otherwise limited by order of the court in accordance with these rules.370.
crossclaims.
(2) When a public officer sues or is sued in an official capacity. indemnitor. that is relevant to the
subject matter of the pending action. custody.200. Unless the court orders otherwise and under subdivision (c) of this rule. written interrogatories. production of documents or things or permission to enter upon land or other property for inspection and other purposes. 1.
RULE 1. including that party’s attorney. crossclaim. or other tangible things and the identity and location of persons having
knowledge of any discoverable matter. and it may make such orders concerning proceedings therein as may tend to avoid unnecessary costs
or delay. whether it relates to the claim or defense of the party seeking discovery or
the claim or defense of any other party.

Upon motion. the court
may order further discovery by other means.
4. may be obtained only as follows:
(A) (i) By interrogatories a party may require any other party to identify each person whom the other party expects to call as an expert witness at trial and to state the subject matter on which the expert is expected to
testify. The expert’s general litigation experience. Upon request without the required showing a person not a party may obtain a copy of a statement concerning the action or its subject matter previously made by that person. electrical. otherwise discoverable under the provisions of subdivision (b)(1) of this rule and acquired or developed in anticipation of litigation or for trial. the expert shall not be required to disclose his or her earnings as an expert witness or
income derived from other services. which may be
based on the number of hours. subject to such restrictions as to scope and other provisions pursuant to subdivision (b)(4)(C) of this rule concerning fees and expenses as the court may deem appropriate.
An expert may be required to produce financial and business records only under the most unusual or compelling
circumstances and may not be compelled to compile or produce nonexistent documents.
If the request is refused. a
statement previously made is a written statement signed or otherwise adopted or approved by the person making
it. only as provided in rule 1. or a stenographic. and concerning discovery from an expert obtained under subdivision (b)(4)(A) of this rule the court
37
.
3. mechanical. or percentage of earned income derived from serving as an
expert witness.360(b) or upon a showing of exceptional circumstances
under which it is impracticable for the party seeking discovery to obtain facts or opinions on the same subject
by other means.380(a)(4)
apply to the award of expenses incurred as a result of making the motion. or other recording or transcription of it that is a substantially verbatim recital of an oral statement by the person making it and contemporaneously recorded. the court shall require that the party seeking discovery pay the
expert a reasonable fee for time spent in responding to discovery under subdivisions (b)(4)(A) and (b)(4)(B) of
this rule. the person may move for an order to obtain a copy. The scope of employment in the pending case and the compensation for such service. within a reasonable time period.
2. An approximation of the portion of the expert’s involvement as an expert witness. in which the expert has testified by
deposition or at trial. For purposes of this paragraph. however.390 without motion or order of court. The identity of other cases.
(B) A party may discover facts known or opinions held by an expert who has been retained or specially
employed by another party in anticipation of litigation or preparation for trial and who is not expected to be
called as a witness at trial. and to state the substance of the facts and opinions to which the expert is expected to testify and a summary of the grounds for each opinion.the litigation. percentage of hours. including the percentage of work performed for plaintiffs and defendants. Without the required showing a party may obtain a copy of a statement concerning the action or
its subject matter previously made by that party. The provisions of rule 1.
(ii) Any person disclosed by interrogatories or otherwise as a person expected to be called as an expert witness at trial may be deposed in accordance with rule 1. Discovery of facts known and opinions held by experts.
(C) Unless manifest injustice would result.
(iii) A party may obtain the following discovery regarding any person disclosed by interrogatories or
otherwise as a person expected to be called as an expert witness at trial:
1.
(4) Trial Preparation: Experts.

and the fact that a party is conducting discovery. (6) that a deposition after being sealed be opened only
by order of the court.
2d 517 (Fla. The rule is derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26 as amended in 1970.310(b). Subdivisions (b)(2) and (b)(3) have been redesignated as (b)(3) and
(b)(4) respectively. The provisions of rule 1. order that any party or person provide or permit discovery. development. including one or
more of the following: (1) that the discovery not be had. shall not delay any other party’s discovery. Subdivisions (d) and (e) are new. Upon motion by a party or by the person from whom discovery is sought. 672 So.may require. (3) that the discovery may be had only by a
method of discovery other than that selected by the party seeking discovery.7262 and 627.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.7264. The amendments to subdivision (b)(4)(A) are derived from the Supreme Court’s decision in Elkins v.
The purpose of the amendment to subdivision (b)(3)(A) (renumbered (b)(4)(A)) is to allow. or that the scope of the discovery be limited to certain matters. without leave of court.
(e) Supplementing of Responses. The purpose of subdivision (b)(4)(D) is to define the term “expert” as used in
these rules. including a designation of the time or place. whether by deposition
or otherwise. Florida Statutes. Subdivisions (a). or undue burden or expense that justice requires. on such terms and conditions as are
just. Syken. and undue expense while still permitting the adverse party to
obtain relevant information regarding the potential bias or interest of the expert witness. but the latter is similar to former
rule 1. Subdivision (c) contains material from former rule 1. and for
good cause shown. When a party withholds information
otherwise discoverable under these rules by claiming that it is privileged or subject to protection as trial preparation material. the court in which the action is pending may make any order to protect a party or person
from annoyance. This rule is derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(2). will enable other parties to assess the applicability of the privilege or protection.
(D) As used in these rules an expert shall be an expert witness as defined in rule 1. 1996). The general rearrangement of the discovery rule is more logical and
is the result of 35 years of experience under the federal rules. oppression. or things not produced or disclosed in a manner that. and (8) that the parties simultaneously file
specified documents or information enclosed in sealed envelopes to be opened as directed by the court. Subdivision (b)(2) has been added to enable discovery of the existence and contents of indemnity agreements and is
the result of the enactment of sections 627.390(a). (b)(2).
Court Commentary
38
. methods of
discovery may be used in any sequence. communications.
(d) Sequence and Timing of Discovery. Significant changes are made in discovery from experts. (5) that discovery be conducted with
no one present except persons designated by the court.
(c) Protective Orders. without revealing information itself privileged or protected. and (b)(3)
are new. proscribing the joinder of insurers but providing for disclosure.
1996 Amendment. or commercial information not be disclosed or be disclosed only in a designated way. the party shall make the claim expressly and shall describe the nature of the documents. (2) that the discovery may be had only on specified
terms and conditions. A party who has responded to a request for discovery with a response that
was complete when made is under no duty to supplement the response to include information thereafter acquired.
Subdivision (b)(5) is added and is derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5) (1993).
1988 Amendment.
(5) Claims of Privilege or Protection of Trial Preparation Materials. the court may. Except as provided in subdivision (b)(4) or unless the court upon
motion for the convenience of parties and witnesses and in the interest of justice orders otherwise. and concerning discovery obtained under subdivision (b)(4)(B) of this rule shall require. (4) that certain matters not be inquired into.340(d). (7) that a trade secret or other confidential research. embarrassment. embarrassment. They are intended to avoid annoyance. If the
motion for a protective order is denied in whole or in part.380(a)(4) apply to the
award of expenses incurred in relation to the motion. the party
seeking discovery to pay the other party a fair part of the fees and expenses reasonably incurred by the latter
party in obtaining facts and opinions from the expert. the depositions of experts who have been disclosed as expected to be used at trial.

Allstate Insurance Co.
(c) Right to Challenge Assertion of Privilege. but are not limited
to. or entity has waived its assertion that the material is protected by a privilege. 1999).4(b).290. or entity. Any party receiving a notice made under subdivision (a) has
the right to challenge the assertion of privilege. including the
party’s financial relationship with the expert. A party receiving notice of an assertion of privilege under subdivision (a) shall promptly return. The notice shall specify with particularity the materials as to which
the privilege is asserted. shall. serve written notice of the assertion of privilege on the
party to whom the materials were disclosed. When an order is entered determining that materials are
privileged or that the right to challenge the privilege has been waived. 2d 993. or entity to whom it has disclosed the materials of the fact that the notice has been served and of
the effect of this rule.
Any party seeking to challenge the assertion of privilege shall do so by serving notice of its challenge on the
party. person. The notice of the recipient’s challenge
shall specify the grounds for the challenge.
INADVERTENT DISCLOSURE OF PRIVILEGED MATERIALS
(a) Assertion of Privilege as to Inadvertently Disclosed Materials. the court shall direct what shall be done
with the materials and any copies so as to preserve all rights of appellate review. or entity asserting the privilege. may thereafter assert any privilege recognized by
law as to those materials. The recipient of the materials
shall also give prompt notice of the court’s determination to any other party. Notice of the challenge shall be served within 20 days of service
of the original notice given by the disclosing party. This right exists without regard to whether the disclosure was made pursuant to formal demand or informal request. person.
(2) The disclosing party. Failure to serve timely notice of challenge is a waiver of the right to
challenge. as well as any copies of the material. person. the party. Regulating Fla. Bar 4-4. That party shall also take reasonable steps to retrieve the materials disclosed. The party receiving the notice shall also promptly notify any other
party.
(3) The disclosing party. person.
(b) Duty of the Party Receiving Notice of an Assertion of Privilege.285. Any party. person.
DEPOSITIONS BEFORE ACTION OR PENDING APPEAL
(a) Before Action. or entity. or entity has failed to serve timely notice under this rule. after inadvertent disclosure of any materials pursuant to these rules. person. the following:
(1) The materials in question are not privileged.
(4) The circumstances surrounding the production or disclosure of the materials warrant a finding that the
disclosing party. or entity to whom it had
disclosed the materials.
(d) Effect of Determination that Privilege Applies. 733 So. or destroy the materials specified in the
notice.
RULE 1.
39
. Nothing
herein affects any obligation pursuant to R. person.2000 Amendment. person. 999 (Fla. Boecher. or entity lacks standing to assert the privilege. sequester. and the date on which the inadvertent disclosure
was actually discovered. v. In order to assert the privilege. the nature of the privilege asserted. The grounds for the challenge may include. clarifies that subdivision (b)(4)(A)(iii) is not intended “to place a blanket bar on discovery from parties about information they have in their possession about an expert. within 10
days of actually discovering the inadvertent disclosure. person.”
RULE 1. or entity.

it shall make an order designating or describing the persons whose depositions may
be taken and specifying the subject matter of the examination and whether the deposition shall be taken upon
oral examination or written interrogatories.280 and 1. In such case the party who desires to perpetuate the testimony may make a motion for leave to take the
deposition upon the same notice and service as if the action was pending in the court.
(4) Use of Deposition.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment. This rule does not limit the power of a court to entertain an action to perpetuate
testimony. the court may make an order for service by publication or otherwise. and shall ask for an order authorizing the petitioner to take the deposition of the persons to be examined
named in the petition for the purpose of perpetuating their testimony. and (2) the reason for perpetuating their testimony. The petition shall be entitled in the name of
the petitioner and shall show: (1) that the petitioner expects to be a party to an action cognizable in a court of
Florida.330. shall cross-examine the deponent. A deposition taken under this rule may be used in any action involving the same
subject matter subsequently brought in any court in accordance with rule 1. A person who desires to perpetuate that person’s own testimony or that of another person regarding any matter that may be cognizable in any court of this state may file a verified petition in the circuit
court in the county of the residence of any expected adverse party. together with a copy of the petition. the court in which the judgment was rendered may allow the taking of
the depositions of witnesses to perpetuate their testimony for use in the event of further proceedings in the
court.
(2) Notice and Service. Florida Statutes. If an appeal has been taken from a judgment of any court or before the taking of an appeal if the time therefor has not expired. The petitioner shall thereafter serve a notice upon each person named in the petition as an expected adverse party. Subdivision (d) is repealed because depositions de bene esse are obsolete. and thereupon the deposition
may be taken and used in the same manner and under the same conditions as are prescribed in these rules for
depositions taken in actions pending in the court.
and is not a complete procedure without reference to the parts of the statute not carried forward in the rule. For the purpose of applying
these rules to depositions for perpetuating testimony. (3) the facts which the petitioner desires to establish by the proposed testimony and the petitioner’s reasons for desiring to perpetuate it.
(b) Pending Appeal. (4) the names or a description of the persons the
petitioner expects will be adverse parties and their addresses so far as known.
40
. Rules 1. If the court is satisfied that the perpetuation of the testimony may prevent a
failure or delay of justice. If the court finds that the perpetuation of the testimony is proper to avoid a failure or delay in justice.
(3) Order and Examination.
(c) Perpetuation by Action. (2) the subject matter of the expected action
and the petitioner’s interest therein. and shall appoint an
attorney for persons not served in the manner provided by law for service of summons who shall represent
them.310 with the remainder
of this rule cover all needed deposition circumstances and do so better. The motion shall show (1)
the names and addresses of persons to be examined and the substance of the testimony which the movant expects to elicit from each. stating that the petitioner will apply to
the court at a time and place named therein for an order described in the petition.(1) Petition. and if they are not otherwise represented. and (5) the names and addresses
of the persons to be examined and the substance of the testimony which the petitioner expects to elicit from
each. but is presently unable to bring it or cause it to be brought. Subdivision (d) was taken from former chapter 63. The deposition may then be taken in accordance with these rules
and the court may make orders in accordance with the requirements of these rules. each reference therein to the court in which the action is
pending shall be deemed to refer to the court in which the petition for such deposition was filed. it may make an order allowing the deposition to be taken and may make orders of the character provided for by these rules. At least 20 days before the
date of hearing the notice shall be served either within or without the county in the manner provided by law for
service of summons. but if such service cannot with due diligence be made upon any expected adverse party
named in the petition.

including a party.300. Production at Deposition.
(c) Selection by Stipulation. depositions may be taken before any person at any time or place upon any notice and in any manner and when so taken may be used like other depositions. If the parties so stipulate in writing.. if the name is not known.” Evidence obtained in response to a letter rogatory need not be
excluded merely for the reason that it is not a verbatim transcript or that the testimony was not taken under oath
or any similar departure from the requirements for depositions taken within Florida under these rules. or is financially interested in the action.
The deposition of a person confined in prison may be taken only by leave of court on such terms as the court
prescribes. either by the law thereof or by the law of
Florida or of the United States.310.RULE 1.
DEPOSITIONS UPON ORAL EXAMINATION
(a) When Depositions May Be Taken.
(b) Notice. is a relative or employee of any of the
parties’ attorney or counsel.
(b) In Foreign Countries. A commission or a letter rogatory shall be issued on application and notice and on
terms that are just and appropriate. no deposition shall be taken before a person
who is a relative.
41
.. employee. Leave of court.
PERSONS BEFORE WHOM DEPOSITIONS MAY BE TAKEN
(a) Persons Authorized. After commencement of the action any party may take the testimony
of any person.
RULE 1. Unless so stipulated by the parties. (2) before a person commissioned by the court. the designation of the materials to be produced under the subpoena shall be attached to or included in the notice.. A notice or commission may designate the person before whom
the deposition is to be taken either by name or descriptive title. except that leave is not required (1) if a defendant has served a
notice of taking deposition or otherwise sought discovery. or (2) if special notice is given as provided in subdivision (b)(2) of this rule. A letter rogatory may be addressed “To the Appropriate Authority in . If a party shows that when served with notice under this subdivision that party was unable through the exercise of diligence to obtain counsel to represent
the party at the taking of the deposition.. If a
subpoena duces tecum is to be served on the person to be examined... must be obtained only if the plaintiff seeks to take a deposition within 30 days after service of the
process and initial pleading upon any defendant. The attendance of witnesses may be compelled by subpoena as provided in rule 1. or counsel of any of the parties. Depositions may be taken before any notary public or judicial officer or before any
officer authorized by the statutes of Florida to take acknowledgments or proof of executions of deeds or by any
person appointed by the court in which the action is pending. and. Method of Taking. a general
description sufficient to identify the person or the particular class or group to which the person belongs. It is not requisite to the issuance of a commission or a letter rogatory that the
taking of the deposition in any other manner is impracticable or inconvenient. and both a commission and a
letter rogatory may be issued in proper cases.(name of country).. In a foreign country depositions may be taken (1) on notice before a person authorized to administer oaths in the place in which the examination is held... and a person so commissioned
shall have the power by virtue of the commission to administer any necessary oath and take testimony. The notice shall state the time and place for taking the deposition
and the name and address of each person to be examined. granted with or without
notice. attorney. the deposition may not be used against that party.
(d) Persons Disqualified.
(1) A party desiring to take the deposition of any person upon oral examination shall give reasonable notice
in writing to every other party to the action. or (3)
pursuant to a letter rogatory. by deposition upon oral examination.410. if known.
(2) Leave of court is not required for the taking of a deposition by plaintiff if the notice states that the person to be examined is about to go out of the state and will be unavailable for examination unless a deposition is
taken before expiration of the 30-day period under subdivision (a).

(ii) state the date.
(7) On motion the court may order that the testimony at a deposition be taken by telephone.(3) For cause shown the court may enlarge or shorten the time for taking the deposition. or managing agents. Any subpoena served on the person to be examined shall state the method or methods for recording the testimony. Examination and
cross-examination of witnesses may proceed as permitted at the trial.
(B) Stenographer.
(E) Cost of Videotaped Depositions. and.351 provides the exclusive procedure for obtaining documents or things by
subpoena from nonparties without deposing the custodian or other person in possession of the documents.
provided the deposition is taken in accordance with this subdivision. The officer before whom the deposition is
to be taken shall put the witness on oath and shall personally. if requested. record the testimony of the witness. Oath. A party may also arrange for a stenographic transcription at that party’s own initial expense. negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony. directors. Florida Statutes. The attorney for the party requesting the videotaping of the deposition
shall take custody of and be responsible for the safeguarding of the videotape.
(D) Custody of Tape and Copies.350
shall apply to the request. except that when a deposition is being taken
by telephone. The party requesting the videotaping shall bear the initial cost of videotaping. the testimony shall be transcribed at the initial cost of the requesting party and prompt notice of the request shall be given to all other parties. the witness shall be sworn by a person present with the witness who is qualified to administer an
oath in that location. or a governmental agency. or
other persons who consent to do so.
(8) Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at
all times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90. Objections. The organization so named shall designate one or more officers. The testimony shall be taken stenographically or recorded by any other means ordered in
accordance with subdivision (b)(4) of this rule. At the beginning of the deposition. shall provide a copy of the videotape at the expense of the party requesting the copy. or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor.
(A) Notice.
(c) Examination and Cross-Examination.
(5) The notice to a party deponent may be accompanied by a request made in compliance with rule 1. the
42
. Videotaped depositions shall also be recorded stenographically. Record of Examination. Rule 1.
(6) In the notice a party may name as the deponent a public or private corporation. to testify on its behalf and may state the matters on which each person designated will testify. and (iii) swear the witness. The order may
prescribe the manner in which the deposition will be taken. on camera:
(i) identify the style of the action. A party intending to videotape a deposition shall state in the notice that the deposition is to be
videotaped and shall give the name and address of the operator. If requested by one of the parties. except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material. The persons so designated shall testify about matters known or reasonably available to the
organization. unless all parties agree
otherwise.
(4) Any deposition may be recorded by videotape without leave of the court or stipulation of the parties. a partnership or association. and designate with reasonable particularity the matters on which examination is
requested. The procedure of rule 1. All objections made at time of the examination to the qualifications of the officer taking the deposition. This subdivision does not preclude taking a deposition by any other procedure authorized in these
rules.
(C) Procedure. or by someone acting under the officer’s direction
and in the officer’s presence.616. the officer before whom it is taken shall. shall permit the viewing of it by
the opposing party.350
for the production of documents and tangible things at the taking of the deposition.

Exhibits. or the conduct of any party. the officer shall sign the transcript and state on the transcript the waiver. or oppress the deponent or party. to enforce a limitation on evidence directed by the court.
(2) Upon payment of reasonable charges therefor the officer shall furnish a copy of the deposition to any
party or to the deponent. who shall propound them to the witness
and record the answers verbatim. and may be inspected and
copied by any party. and any other objection to the proceedings shall be noted by the officer upon the deposition. cannot be found.
(1) If the deposition is transcribed. parties may serve written questions in a sealed envelope on the party
taking the deposition and that party shall transmit them to the officer. If the person producing the materials requests their return. It shall then be signed by the witness unless the parties waived the signing or the witness is ill.330(d)(4). embarrass. If the order terminates the examination.
(3) A copy of a deposition may be filed only under the following circumstances:
(A) It may be filed by a party or the witness when the contents of the deposition must be considered by
the court on any matter pending before the court. the court in which the action is pending or the circuit court where the deposition is being taken may order the officer conducting the examination to
cease forthwith from taking the deposition or may limit the scope and manner of the taking of the deposition
under rule 1. Any objection during a deposition shall be stated concisely and in a nonargumentative and nonsuggestive manner. and return them to the person producing them and the materials may then
be used in the same manner as if annexed to and returned with the deposition. A party may instruct a deponent not to answer only
when necessary to preserve a privilege. At any time during the taking of the deposition. absence of the witness. The provisions of rule 1.280(c).
illness. If the testimony is transcribed. the transcript shall be furnished to the witness for examination and shall be read to or by the witness unless the examination and reading are waived by the witness
and by the parties.310(c). give each party an
opportunity to inspect and copy them. evidence objected to shall be taken subject to the objections. or to present a
motion under subdivision (d). Instead
of participating in the oral examination. Upon demand of any party or the deponent.
(d) Motion to Terminate or Limit Examination. the evidence presented.
(f) Filing. on motion
of a party or of the deponent and upon a showing that the examination is being conducted in bad faith or in such
manner as unreasonably to annoy.manner of taking it. If the transcript is not signed by the witness within a reasonable
time after it is furnished to the witness. Otherwise. The deposition may then be
used as fully as though signed unless the court holds that the reasons given for the refusal to sign require rejection of the deposition wholly or partly. the taking of the deposition shall be suspended for the time necessary to make a motion for an order. the officer shall mark them.
(e) Witness Review. on motion under rule 1. Prompt notice of the filing of the deposition shall be given to
all parties unless notice is waived. Any changes in form or substance that the witness wants to make shall be listed in writing by
the officer with a statement of the reasons given by the witness for making the changes.380(a)
apply to the award of expenses incurred in relation to the motion. A party filing the deposition shall furnish a copy of the deposition or the part
being filed to other parties unless the party already has a copy. the officer shall certify on each copy of the deposition that the witness
was duly sworn by the officer and that the deposition is a true record of the testimony given by the witness. except that the person producing the materials may substitute copies to be marked for identification if that person affords to all parties fair opportunity to verify the copies by comparison with the originals. or that objection and instruction
to a deponent not to answer are being made in violation of rule 1.
Documents and things produced for inspection during the examination of the witness shall be marked for identification and annexed to and returned with the deposition upon the request of a party. or refusal to sign with any reasons given therefor.
(B) If the court determines that a deposition previously taken is necessary for the decision of a matter
43
. or refuses to sign. The changes shall be
attached to the transcript. it shall be resumed thereafter only upon the order
of the court in which the action is pending.

Technical videotaping procedures were not included. Derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30 as amended in 1970.
1996 Amendment.
subdivision (b) from rule 1.
(2) If the party giving the notice of the taking of a deposition of a witness fails to serve a subpoena upon
the witness and the witness because of the failure does not attend and if another party attends in person or by
attorney because that other party expects the deposition of that witness to be taken.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment.
2010 Amendment. the reasonable cost of reproducing the copies shall be paid to the person by the requesting party
or witness.351. If the deposition is obtained from a person other
than the officer. with provision for any party to have a stenographic
transcription at that party’s own initial expense.
(g) Obtaining Copies. this would be up to the litigants. which authorizes attorneys to instruct deponents not to answer
questions only in specific situations.
1988 Amendment. Subdivision (b)(4) has been amended to allow the taking of a videotaped deposition as a matter of right.
(1) If the party giving the notice of the taking of a deposition fails to attend and proceed therewith and
another party attends in person or by attorney pursuant to the notice.
44
. The amendment requires the party requesting the copy to bear the
cost of the copy.310(a) with additional matter added.
Subdivision (c) has been amended to accommodate the taking of depositions by telephone. Subdivision (b)(4)(D) is amended to clarify an ambiguity in whether the cost of the videotape copy is to be borne by
the party requesting the videotaping or by the party requesting the copy. This does not mean that a transcript
must be made. Subdivision (b)(7) is added to authorize deposition by telephone.351 must be followed when requesting
or receiving documents or things without testimony. including reasonable attorneys’ fees.pending before the court. the court may order that a copy be filed by any party at the initial cost of the party. The amendment requires the deponent to be
sworn by a person authorized to administer oaths in the deponent’s location and who is present with the deponent.
The notice provision is to ensure that specific notice is given that the deposition will be videotaped and to disclose the identity of the operator. The transcript would be a tool to ensure the accuracy of the videotape and thus eliminate the need to
establish other procedures aimed at the same objective (like time clocks in the picture and the like). The amendments to subdivision (b)(4) are to provide for depositions by videotape as a matter of right.
(h) Failure to Attend or to Serve Subpoena. including reasonable attorneys’ fees.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. the court may order the party giving the notice to pay to the other party the reasonable expenses incurred by that other party and that other
party’s attorney in attending.
1992 Amendment. Expenses.
The requirement that a stenographer be present (who is also the person likely to be swearing the deponent) is to ensure the availability of
a transcript (although not required). A party or witness who does not have a copy of the deposition may obtain it from the
officer taking the deposition unless the court orders otherwise. It was decided not to make special provision for a number of days’ notice. This amendment is derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(d) as amended in 1993. Subdivision (b)(5) is amended to clarify that the procedure set forth in rule 1.
1976 Amendment. The amendment is intended to prevent the use
of rules 1. the first sentence of subdivision (c) has been added and clarifying language
added throughout the remainder of the rule. This new amendment allows the contemporaneous stenographic transcription of a videotaped deposition. Provisions
for the taxation of costs and the entry of a standard order are included as well. As at ordinary depositions. the court may order the party giving the
notice to pay to the other party the reasonable expenses incurred by the other party and the other party’s attorney in attending. It is anticipated that technical problems may be addressed by the court on motions
to quash or motions for protective orders. Subdivision (a) is derived from rule 1.310 and 1.410 to request documents from nonparties pursuant to a subpoena without giving the opposing party the opportunity to
object to the subpoena before it is served on the nonparty as required by rule 1. Subdivision (c) is amended to state the existing law.280(a). from nonparties pursuant to a subpoena.

a party may serve redirect questions upon all
other parties. A deposition upon written questions may be taken of a public or private corporation. The attendance of witnesses may be compelled
by the use of subpoena as provided in rule 1. a partnership or association. or part of it.
Subdivision (e) is changed to eliminate the confusing requirement that a transcript be submitted to the witness.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.310(f) filed in the Supreme Court Case
No. who shall proceed
promptly to take the testimony of the witness in the manner provided by rules 1. any part
or all of a deposition may be used against any party who was present or represented at the taking of the deposition or who had reasonable notice of it so far as admissible under the rules of evidence applied as though the
witness were then present and testifying in accordance with any of the following provisions:
45
.
USE OF DEPOSITIONS IN COURT PROCEEDINGS
(a) Use of Depositions. 62.
Subdivision (g) requires a party to obtain a copy of the deposition from the court reporter unless the court orders otherwise. and to specify that a party who does not obtain a copy of the deposition
may get it from the court reporter unless ordered otherwise by the court. to authorize the court to require a deposition to be both transcribed and filed. and (2) the name or descriptive title and address of the officer before whom the deposition is to be taken. Notice. to the witness. The questions shall not be filed separately from the deposition unless a party seeks to have the court
consider the questions before the questions are submitted to the witness.
Within 30 days after the notice and written questions are served. if the name is not known. The person should obtain it from the court reporter unless there is a good reason why it cannot be obtained from the reporter. if
known. by deposition upon written questions. At the trial or upon the hearing of a motion or an interlocutory proceeding.
Subdivision (f)(3)(B) broadens the authority of the court to require the filing of a deposition that has been taken. including a party.310(c).330.
(b) Officer to Take Responses and Prepare Record. After commencement of the action any party may take the testimony of any
person. attaching the copy of the notice and the questions received by the
officer. A copy of the notice and copies of all questions served
shall be delivered by the party taking the depositions to the officer designated in the notice. is properly filed. and. the
court should not order a party who has a copy of the deposition to furnish it to someone who has neglected to obtain it when the deposition
was transcribed. a general description sufficient to identify the person or the particular
class or group to which that person belongs. a party may serve cross questions upon all other parties.
Subdivision (f) is the committee’s action in response to the petition seeking amendment to rule 1. Within 10 days after being served with redirect questions. not just the objecting party. Derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 31 as amended in 1970.Subdivision (d) is changed to permit any party to terminate the deposition.
DEPOSITIONS UPON WRITTEN QUESTIONS
(a) Serving Questions.310(b)(6). if necessary. Within 10 days after being served with cross questions. A party desiring to take a deposition upon written
questions shall serve them with a notice stating (1) the name and address of the person who is to answer them. Subdivision (f) is changed to clarify the need for furnishing copies when a deposition. The change is intended to permit the parties and the court reporter to handle such situations on an
ad hoc basis as is most appropriate. This eliminates the present requirement of furnishing a copy of the
deposition. to a person who already has a copy in subdivision (f)(3)(A). Language changes resulting from the rearrangement of the
discovery rules have been inserted and subdivision (d) deleted. The term has been construed as requiring the court reporter to travel.
RULE 1. The deposition of a person confined in prison may be taken
only by leave of court on such terms as the court prescribes.
RULE 1. The court may for cause shown enlarge or shorten the time.340. or material part of it. a party may serve recross questions
upon all other parties.410.320. and creates a problem when a witness is deposed in Florida and
thereafter leaves the state before signing. (e). The name of interrogatories has been changed
to questions to avoid confusion with interrogatories to parties under rule 1. and (f) in response
to the questions and to prepare the deposition. Generally. but not transcribed.699. or a governmental agency in accordance with rule 1.

or imprisonment. an adverse party may require the party to
introduce any other part that in fairness ought to be considered with the part introduced.
or managing agent or a person designated under rule 1. (C) that the witness is unable to attend or testify because of age. may be used by any party for any purpose if the
court finds: (A) that the witness is dead.(1) Any deposition may be used by any party for the purpose of contradicting or impeaching the testimony
of the deponent as a witness or for any purpose permitted by the Florida Evidence Code. (D) that the party offering the deposition has been unable to procure the attendance of
the witness by subpoena.
(c) Effect of Taking or Using Depositions. (E) upon application and notice. but this shall not apply to the use by an adverse party of a deposition under
subdivision (a)(2) of this rule. or is out of the state.300(b) and subdivision (d)(3) of this
rule.
(1) As to Notice. all depositions lawfully taken and duly filed in the former action may be used in the latter as
if originally taken for it. (B) that the witness is at a greater distance than 100 miles from the
place of trial or hearing.
(A) Objections to the competency of a witness or to the competency.
(4) If only part of a deposition is offered in evidence by a party. whether or not a party. a partnership or association. infirmity.310(b)(6) or 1.260 does not affect the right to use depositions previously taken and. All errors and irregularities in the notice for taking a deposition are waived unless written
objection is promptly served upon the party giving the notice. relevancy.
(2) The deposition of a party or of anyone who at the time of taking the deposition was an officer. or materiality of testimony are not waived by failure to make them before or during the taking of the deposition unless the ground of the
objection is one that might have been obviated or removed if presented at that time. Subject to the provisions of rule 1. when an action in any court of the United States or of any state has been dismissed and another action
involving the same subject matter is afterward brought between the same parties or their representatives or successors in interest. unless it appears that the absence of the witness was procured by
the party offering the deposition. At the trial or hearing any party may rebut any relevant evidence contained in a
deposition whether introduced by that party or by any other party. objection may be made at the trial or hearing to receiving in evidence any deposition or part of it for any
reason that would require the exclusion of the evidence if the witness were then present and testifying.
(d) Effect of Errors and Irregularities. director. that such exceptional circumstances exist as to make
it desirable. to allow the deposition to be used. all depositions lawfully taken in a medical liability mediation proceeding may be used in the civil action as if originally taken for it.
46
.320(a) to testify on behalf of a public or
private corporation.
(5) Substitution of parties pursuant to rule 1. in the interest of justice and with due regard to the importance of presenting the testimony of witnesses orally in open court. or (F) the witness is an expert or skilled witness.
(2) As to Disqualification of Officer. illness.
(3) As to Taking of Deposition.
(6) If a civil action is afterward brought. and any party may introduce any other parts.
(b) Objections to Admissibility.
(3) The deposition of a witness. Objection to taking a deposition because of disqualification of the
officer before whom it is to be taken is waived unless made before the taking of the deposition begins or as soon
thereafter as the disqualification becomes known or could be discovered with reasonable diligence. or a governmental agency that is a party may be used by an
adverse party for any purpose. The introduction in evidence of the deposition or any part of it for
any purpose other than that of contradicting or impeaching the deponent makes the deponent the witness of the
party introducing the deposition. A party does not make a person the party’s own witness for any
purpose by taking the person’s deposition.

A party shall respond to such an interrogatory by giving
the information the party has and the source on which the information is based.
RULE 1.
(C) Objections to the form of written questions submitted under rule 1. Other interrogatories may be
added to the approved forms without leave of court.340. Subdivision (d) is derived from the entire former rule 1. including all subparts. Interrogatories may be served on the plaintiff after commencement of the action and on any other party with or after service of the process and initial pleading upon that party. in
the form of the questions or answers. depositions may be used for any purpose permitted by the Florida Evidence Code (chapter 90. who shall
furnish the information available to that party. Derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 32 as amended in 1970. This amendment is consistent with the
1980 amendment to Rule 32 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. or in the conduct of parties and errors of any
kind that might be obviated.(B) Errors and irregularities occurring at the oral examination in the manner of taking the deposition. Subdivisions (a). and the answers may be used to the extent permitted by the rules of evidence except as otherwise provided in this subdivision. Errors and irregularities in the manner in which the testimony is transcribed or the deposition is prepared.310
and 1.
1998 Amendment.
47
.330. or (2) if that party is a public
or private corporation or partnership or association or governmental agency.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.
The party to whom the interrogatories are directed shall serve the answers and any objections within 30 days
after the service of the interrogatories.
(4) As to Completion and Return.
(b) Scope. The court may allow a shorter or longer
time. (f). in which event the grounds for objection shall be stated and signed by the attorney making it. or otherwise dealt with by the officer under rules 1.280(d).320 are waived unless a motion to suppress the deposition or some part of it is made with reasonable
promptness after the defect is.320 are waived unless served in
writing upon the party propounding them within the time allowed for serving the succeeding cross or other
questions and within 10 days after service of the last questions authorized. If a party introduces an answer to an interrogatory. in the oath or affirmation.
A party may serve fewer than all of the approved interrogatories within a form. The party submitting the interrogatories may move for an order under rule 1. any party may serve upon any other party written interrogatories to be answered (1) by the party to whom the interrogatories are directed. Fla. (b). certified. in addition to the uses of depositions prescribed by these rules. and (c) are former rules
1. except that a defendant may serve answers or objections within 45 days
after service of the process and initial pleading upon that defendant. If the supreme court has approved a form of interrogatories for the type
of action. Stat. the initial interrogatories on a subject included therein shall be from the form approved by the court. Subdivision (a)(1) was amended to clarify that. Each interrogatory shall be answered separately and fully in writing under oath unless
it is objected to. removed. The interrogatories shall not exceed 30. and (g) respectively. An interrogatory otherwise proper is not objectionable merely because an answer to
the interrogatory involves an opinion or contention that relates to fact or calls for a conclusion or asks for information not within the personal knowledge of the party. by any officer or agent. Interrogatories may relate to any matters that can be inquired into under rule
1. unless the court permits a larger number on
motion and notice and for good cause.380(a) on any objection to or
other failure to answer an interrogatory. Such a qualified answer may not
be used as direct evidence for or impeachment against the party giving the answer unless the court finds it otherwise admissible under the rules of evidence. signed. or cured if promptly presented are waived unless timely objection to
them is made at the taking of the deposition. discovered. Use at Trial. or with due diligence might have been.
INTERROGATORIES TO PARTIES
(a) Procedure for Use.280(b). Without leave of court. any other
party may require that party to introduce any other interrogatory and answer that in fairness ought to be considered with it.). so long as the total of approved and additional interrogatories does not exceed 30.

(d) Effect on Co-Party. When the answer to an interrogatory may be derived or ascertained from
the records of the party to whom the interrogatory is directed or from an examination. audit.
The requirement for filing a copy before the answers are received is necessary in the event of a dispute concerning what was done or the
appropriate times involved. The original or any copy of
the answers to interrogatories may be filed by any party when the court should consider the answers to interrogatories in determining any matter pending before the court. If the interrogatories are not sufficiently important. the interrogating party has the responsibility of setting a hearing if that party wants an answer.
(e) Service and Filing.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment.
Subdivision (f) is deleted since the Medical Liability Mediation Proceedings have been eliminated. and those so used. abstracts. permit interrogatories to be served with the initial pleading or at any time thereafter. giving the date of service and the name of the party to whom they
were directed. Subdivision (d) is former subdivision
(c) without change. A certificate
of service of the interrogatories shall be filed. an answer to the interrogatory specifying the records from which the answer may be derived or ascertained and offering to give the party serving the interrogatory a reasonable opportunity to examine. Former subdivision (d) is repealed because it is covered in rule 1.
Subdivision (e) is changed to eliminate the requirement of serving an original and a copy of the interrogatories and of the answers in light
of the 1981 amendment that no longer permits filing except in special circumstances.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. Subdivision (a) is amended by adding the reference to approved forms of interrogatories. and
eliminate the requirement of a hearing on objections. An answer
shall be in sufficient detail to permit the interrogating party to locate and to identify.
The amendments are not intended to change any other requirement of the rule. Subdivision (e) is derived from the New Jersey
rules and is intended to place both the interrogatories and the answers to them in a convenient place in the court file so that they can be
referred to with less confusion. Form interrogatories which
have been approved by the supreme court must be used.
Subdivision (c) is amended to add the requirement of detail in identifying records when they are produced as an alternative to answering
the interrogatory or to designate the persons who will locate the records.280(e). compilations. The answers to the interrogatories shall be served upon the party originally propounding the interrogatories and a copy shall be served on all other parties by the answering party. If sufficient space is not provided.
1988 Amendment. (b). are included in the total number permitted. Changes from
the existing rule expand the time for answering. as readily as can the party
interrogated. Subdivision (c) gives the interrogated party an option
to produce business records from which the interrogating party can derive the answers to questions. Also
the total number of interrogatories which may be propounded without leave of court is enlarged to 30 from 25. or summaries is a sufficient answer. Subdivision (b) covers the same matter as the present rule 1.
48
. Interrogatories shall be arranged so that a blank space is provided after each separately numbered interrogatory. the records from which the answer may be derived or ascertained. the answering party may attach additional papers
with answers and refer to them in the space provided in the interrogatories. and (c) are derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 33 as amended in 1970. The interrogatories shall be served
on the party to whom the interrogatories are directed and copies shall be served on all other parties. The intent is to eliminate
the burden of unnecessary interrogatories. audit.340(b) except those parts that have been transferred to rule 1. the interrogating party may let the matter drop. or inspection of the
records or from a compilation. Answers made by a party shall not be binding on a co-party.(c) Option to Produce Records. The word “initial” in the 1984 amendment to subdivision (a) resulted in some confusion. Subdivisions (a). It also eliminates
the confusion between facts and opinions or contentions by requiring that all be given. or summary based on the records and the burden of deriving or ascertaining the answer is substantially the same for the party serving the interrogatory as for the party to whom it is
directed. or
inspect the records and to make copies. The space shall be reasonably sufficient to enable the answering party to insert the
answer within the space. with their subparts. abstract. The court may order a copy of the answers to interrogatories filed at any time when the court determines that examination of the answers to interrogatories is necessary to determine any matter pending before the court.280. so it has been deleted. or shall identify a person or
persons representing the interrogated party who will be available to assist the interrogating party in locating and
identifying the records at the time they are produced. If objections are made.

A party may seek inspection and copying of any documents or things within the scope
49
. photographing. If
no objection to the discovery is made. Unless required by the court.
1980 Amendment. testing. changes the time for making the request and responding to it. or sampling the property or any
designated object or operation on it within the scope of rule 1.
(b) Procedure. Florida Public Service Commission.
187 So. custody. drawings. IBM v. 156 So. including writings. 1969). test. either by individual item or category. 2d 899 (Fla. custody.
PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS AND THINGS AND ENTRY UPON LAND FOR
INSPECTION AND OTHER PURPOSES
(a) Request. 226 So. Scope. and Miami v. and manner of making the
inspection or performing the related acts.280(b) and
that are in the possession. to inspect and copy any designated documents. a party shall not file any of the documents or things
produced with the response. This rule does not preclude an independent action against a person not a party for
production of documents and things and permission to enter upon land. nor is it intended to overrule
cases limiting unreasonable requests such as those reviewed in Van Devere v. The request shall specify a reasonable time. that constitute or contain matters within the scope of rule 1. charts. translated. 3d DCA 1966). in which event the reasons for the objection shall be stated. and describe each item and category with reasonable particularity.
(c) Persons Not Parties. It is intended that the
court review each objection and weigh the need for discovery and the likely results of it against the right of privacy of the party or witness
or custodian. If an objection is made to part of an item or category. or control of the party to whom the request is directed. or someone acting in the requesting party’s behalf. (2) to inspect and
copy. Any party may request any other party (1) to produce and permit the party making the
request. and other data compilations from which
information can be obtained.280(b) and
that are in the possession. Documents or
things may be filed when they should be considered by the court in determining a matter pending before the
court. photographs. or (3) to permit entry
upon designated land or other property in the possession or control of the party upon whom the request is served
for the purpose of inspection and measuring. except that a defendant may serve a response within 45 days
after service of the process and initial pleading on that defendant. and changes the procedure for the response. While the good cause requirement has been eliminated. or failure to permit inspection as requested. failure to respond to the request. The party submitting the request may move for an order under
rule 1. Scope. the producing party shall either produce them as they are kept in the usual course of business or shall identify them to
correspond with the categories in the request. The new rule eliminates the good cause requirement of the former rule. Derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 34 as amended in 1970. the
change is not intended to overrule cases limiting discovery under this rule to the scope of ordinary discovery. Elder. graphs.
PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS AND THINGS WITHOUT DEPOSITION
(a) Request.
RULE 1. inspection is had without a court order. or sample any tangible things that constitute or contain matters within the scope of rule 1. by the party to whom the request is directed through detection devices into reasonably usable form. the part shall be specified. Without leave of court the request may be served on the plaintiff after commencement of the
action and on any other party with or after service of the process and initial pleading on that party.351. phono-records.
(d) Filing of Documents. Subdivision (b) is amended to require production of documents as they are kept in the usual course of business or in
accordance with the categories in the request. The request
shall set forth the items to be inspected.350. if necessary.RULE 1. or any part of it. The court may allow a shorter or longer time. place. surveying. or control of the party to whom the request is directed. 3d DCA 1963). Holmes.380 concerning any objection. 2d 82 (Fla. 2d 217 (Fla. The party to whom the request is directed shall serve a written response within 30 days after service of the request. When producing documents.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.280(b).
For each item or category the response shall state that inspection and related activities will be permitted as requested unless the request is objected to.

(c) Subpoena. If the person upon whom the subpoena is served objects at any time before the
production of the documents or things.
with the date of service and the name and signature of the person accepting the subpoena. is obtained and filed
by the party seeking production. This rule does not affect the right of any party to bring an independent action for
production of documents and things or permission to enter upon land. if known. and to further clarify that any objection to the use of this rule does not contemplate a hearing before the court but directs the party
to rule 1.of rule 1. and relief
may be obtained pursuant to rule 1.
(b) Procedure. the documents or things shall not be produced pending resolution of
the objection in accordance with subdivision (d). If any party serves an objection to production under this
rule within 10 days of service of the notice.
(d) Ruling on Objection.310 to obtain the desired production. shall include a designation of the items to be produced. and the name
and address of the person who is to produce the documents or things.
(f) Independent Action. to clarify the clerk’s role in the
process. and shall state that the person who will be asked to produce the
documents or things has the right to object to the production under this rule and that the person will not be required to surrender the documents or things. and the
clerk shall issue the subpoena and deliver it to the party desiring production. a general description sufficient to identify the person or the particular class or group to which the person belongs.310. If no objection is made by a party under subdivision (b).
Committee Notes
1980 Adoption. and method for production of the documents or things. The proposed subpoena shall be attached to
the notice and shall state the time.310. This amendment is not intended to preclude all communication between parties and nonpar-
50
. This rule is designed to eliminate the need of taking a deposition of a records custodian when the person seeking discovery wants copies of the records only. the party desiring production may file a motion with the court seeking a ruling on the objection or may proceed pursuant to rule 1. If any person objects. The subpoena may give the recipient an option to deliver or mail legible copies of the documents or things to
the party serving the subpoena.
(e) Copies Furnished. It authorizes objections by any other party as well as the custodian of the records. The subpoena shall require
production only in the county of the residence of the custodian or other person in possession of the documents
or things or in the county where the documents or things are located or where the custodian or person in possession usually conducts business. and (2) written confirmation of delivery. The subpoena shall be identical to the copy attached to the notice and shall
specify that no testimony may be taken and shall require only production of the documents or things specified in
it. If an objection is made by a party under subdivision (b). The person upon whom the subpoena is served may condition the preparation of
copies on the payment in advance of the reasonable costs of preparing the copies.350(a) from a person who is not a party by issuance of a subpoena directing the production of the documents or things when the requesting party does not seek to depose the custodian or other person in possession
of the documents or things. This rule provides the exclusive procedure for obtaining documents or things by
subpoena from nonparties without deposing the custodian or other person in possession of the documents or
things pursuant to rule 1.310. A party desiring production under this rule shall serve notice on every other party of the intent to serve a subpoena under this rule at least 10 days before the subpoena is issued if service is by delivery
and 15 days before the subpoena is issued if the service is by mail. the party receiving the copies shall furnish a legible copy of each item furnished to any other party
who requests it upon the payment of the reasonable cost of preparing the copies. If the subpoena is complied with by delivery or mailing of copies as provided in subdivision (c).310.410(d) or if (1) service is accomplished by mail or hand delivery by a commercial delivery service. Service within the state of Florida
of a nonparty subpoena shall be deemed sufficient if it complies with rule 1. place. and if not known. This rule was amended to avoid premature production of documents by nonparties. the documents or things shall not be produced under this rule.
1996 Amendment. A copy of the notice and proposed subpoena shall not be furnished
to the person upon whom the subpoena is to be served. an attorney of record in the action
may issue a subpoena or the party desiring production shall deliver to the clerk for issuance a subpoena together
with a certificate of counsel or pro se party that no timely objection has been received from any party. recourse must be had to rule 1.

360. The response shall
state that the examination will be permitted as requested unless the request is objected to.
RULE 1.
(C) Any minor required to submit to examination pursuant to this rule shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all times during the examination. The order for examination shall be made only after notice to the person to be examined and to all parties. and shall specify the time. except upon a showing that the presence of a
parent or guardian is likely to have a material. negative impact on the minor’s examination. Subdivision (a) is amended to clarify that the procedure set forth in rule 1. and on any
other person with or after service of the process and initial pleading on that party. or to produce a person in that other party’s custody or
legal control for. in which event the
reasons for the objection shall be stated.
(A) When the physical condition of a party or other person under subdivision (a)(1) is in controversy. and conclusions. and scope of the
examination and the person or persons by whom it is to be made.
(3) Upon request of either the party requesting the examination or the party or person to be examined. except that a defendant need not serve a response until 45 days after service of the
process and initial pleading on that defendant.
2010 Amendment. It is intended only to prohibit a party from prematurely sending to a nonparty a copy of the required notice or the proposed subpoena. conditions. not rule 1. the
court may establish protective rules governing such examination.
EXAMINATION OF PERSONS
(a) Request. diagnosis.
(b) Report of Examiner.
(1) A party may request any other party to submit to. The court may allow a shorter or longer time. and the method or methods of recording. If the examination is to be recorded or observed by others.
2007 Amendment.
(2) An examination under this rule is authorized only when the party submitting the request has good cause
for the examination. from nonparties pursuant to a subpoena. See Committee Note for rule 1. place. manner. the
request may be served on the plaintiff without leave of court after commencement of the action. After delivery of the detailed written report. manner. The party to whom the request is directed shall serve a response within 30 days
after service of the request.410.351. Subdivisions (b) and (d) were amended to permit a party seeking nonparty discovery to have other parties’ objections
resolved by the court. the party requesting the examination to be made
shall deliver to the other party a copy of a detailed written report of the examiner setting out the examiner’s
findings. examination by a qualified expert when the condition that is the subject of the requested examination is in controversy. and scope of the examination and the person or persons by whom
the examination is to be made.
(1) If requested by the party to whom a request for examination or against whom an order is made under
subdivision (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B) or by the person examined. shall be followed when
requesting or receiving documents or things. including results of all tests made. At any hearing the party submitting the request shall have the burden of showing good
cause. The request shall specify a
reasonable time. Scope.310.
(B) In cases where the condition in controversy is not physical. the request
or response shall also include the number of people attending. with similar reports of all earlier examinations of the same condition. the party requesting the examination to be made shall be entitled upon request to receive from the party to whom the request for examination or
against whom the order is made a similar report of any examination of the same condition previously or thereafter made. unless in the case of a report of examination of a person not a party the party shows the inability to
51
.ties. place.
This rule was also amended along with rule 1. their role.410 to allow attorneys to issue subpoenas. without testimony. conditions. a party may move for an examination by
a qualified expert as in subdivision (a)(1).

This subdivision does not preclude discovery of a report of an examiner or taking the deposition of the examiner in accordance with any other rule. the court may exclude the examiner’s testimony if offered at the trial. the party
may deny the matter or set forth reasons why the party cannot admit or deny it. The good cause requirement under this rule
has been retained so that the requirements of Schlagenhauf v.
Unless the court determines that an objection is justified. The matter is admitted unless the party to whom the request is directed serves upon the party requesting the admission a written answer or objection addressed to the matter within 30 days after service of
the request or such shorter or longer time as the court may allow but. 13 L. Instead of these orders the court may determine that final dis-
52
. A party who considers that a matter of which an admission has
been requested presents a genuine issue for trial may not object to the request on that ground alone.
1988 Amendment.
(c) Examiner as Witness. a defendant shall not be required to serve answers or objections before the expiration of 45 days after service of the
process and initial pleading upon the defendant. and if an examiner fails
or refuses to make a report. the party examined waives any privilege that party may have in that action or any other
involving the same controversy regarding the testimony of every other person who has examined or may thereafter examine that party concerning the same condition.
RULE 1.
(3) This subdivision applies to examinations made by agreement of the parties unless the agreement provides otherwise. 104. unless the court shortens the time. If objection is made. The examiner may be called as a witness by any party to the action.
(2) By requesting and obtaining a report of the examination so ordered or requested or by taking the deposition of the examiner. A denial shall fairly meet the substance of the requested admission. subject to rule 1. Holder. Ct.
REQUESTS FOR ADMISSION
(a) Request for Admission. Without leave of court the request may be served upon the plaintiff after commencement of the action and upon any other party with or after service of the process and initial
pleading upon that party. it shall order that an answer be served. or the parties propounding and responding to the requests stipulate to a larger number.380(c). and when good
faith requires that a party qualify an answer or deny only a part of the matter of which an admission is requested. 2d 152 (1964). it may order either that the matter
is admitted or that an amended answer be served. An answering party
may not give lack of information or knowledge as a reason for failure to admit or deny unless that party states
that that party has made reasonable inquiry and that the information known or readily obtainable by that party is
insufficient to enable that party to admit or deny. Ed. including all subparts. If the court
determines that an answer does not comply with the requirements of this rule. the party shall specify so much of it as is true and qualify or deny the remainder. The request for admission shall not exceed 30 requests. Derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 35 as amended in 1970. The
party who has requested the admissions may move to determine the sufficiency of the answers or objections. Copies of documents shall be served with the request unless they have been or are otherwise furnished
or made available for inspection and copying. This amendment to subdivision (a) is intended to broaden the scope of rule 1. the reasons shall be stated. but shall not
be identified as appointed by the court. 85 S. A party may serve upon any other party a written request for the admission of
the truth of any matters within the scope of rule 1. The answer
shall specifically deny the matter or set forth in detail the reasons why the answering party cannot truthfully
admit or deny the matter. have not been
affected. 234. unless
the court permits a larger number on motion and notice and for good cause.280(b) set forth in the request that relate to statements or opinions of fact or of the application of law to fact. On motion.obtain it. Subdivision (b) is changed to make it clear that reports can be obtained whether an order for the examination has been entered or
not and that all earlier reports of the same condition can also be obtained. the court may order delivery of a report on such terms as are just.S.370.360 to accommodate the examination of
a person by experts other than physicians. 379 U. Each matter of which an admission is requested shall be
separately set forth. including the genuineness of any documents described in the
request.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.

310(d). the court may permit withdrawal or amendment when the presentation of the merits of the action
will be subserved by it and the party who obtained the admission fails to satisfy the court that withdrawal or
amendment will prejudice that party in maintaining an action or defense on the merits. When taking a deposition on oral examination. If a deponent fails to answer a question propounded or submitted under rule 1. or fails to submit to or to produce a person in that party’s custody or legal control for examination.
in good faith. An application for an order to a party may be made to the court in which the action is pending or in accordance with rule 1. the court
shall require the party or deponent whose conduct necessitated the motion or the party or counsel advising the
conduct to pay to the moving party the reasonable expenses incurred in obtaining the order that may include
attorneys’ fees.310(b)(6) or 1. An application for an order to a deponent who is not a party
shall be made to the circuit court where the deposition is being taken.380(a)(4) apply to the award of expenses incurred in relation to the motion.
(4) Award of Expenses of Motion. Subject to rule 1.340.
FAILURE TO MAKE DISCOVERY. The rule is changed to eliminate distinctions
between questions of opinion. that the opposition to the motion was justified. the discovering party may
move for an order compelling an answer.310 or 1. For purposes of this subdivision an evasive or incomplete answer
shall be treated as a failure to answer. The time sequences are changed in accordance with the other discovery rules. or a designation or an order compelling inspection. If the motion is denied and after opportunity for hearing. or an order compelling an examination in accordance with the request.
the proponent of the question may complete or adjourn the examination before applying for an order.position of the request be made at a pretrial conference or at a designated time before trial. If the motion is granted and after opportunity for hearing. it may make such protective order as it would have been empowered to make on a motion made pursuant to rule 1. and mixed questions. Any admission made by
a party under this rule is for the purpose of the pending action only and is not an admission for any other purpose nor may it be used against that party in any other proceeding. fails to respond that the examination will be permitted as requested. The provisions of
rule 1. Derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 36 as amended in 1970. has conferred or attempted to confer with the person or party failing to make the discovery in an
effort to secure the information or material without court action.
(2) Motion.360(a)
objects to the examination. SANCTIONS
(a) Motion for Order Compelling Discovery.
(3) Evasive or Incomplete Answer. Any matter admitted under this rule is conclusively established unless the court on
motion permits withdrawal or amendment of the admission. unless the court finds that the movant failed to certify in the motion that a good faith effort was
made to obtain the discovery without court action. and
case law is incorporated by providing for amendment and withdrawal of the answers and for judicial scrutiny to determine the sufficiency of
the answers. Upon reasonable notice to other parties and all persons affected.
(b) Effect of Admission. the
court shall require the moving party to pay to the party or deponent who opposed the motion the reasonable
53
.380. The total number of requests for admission that may be served without leave of court is limited to 30. or that other
circumstances make an award of expenses unjust. fact. or
a corporation or other entity fails to make a designation under rule 1.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.280(c). or a party fails to
answer an interrogatory submitted under rule 1. or if a party in response to a request for examination of a person submitted under rule 1. a party may apply for an order compelling discovery as follows:
(1) Appropriate Court. or if a party in response to a request for inspection submitted under rule 1.320.320(a).
2003 Amendment.200 governing amendment of a
pretrial order. If the
court denies the motion in whole or in part. The motion must include a certification that the movant.350 fails to respond that inspection will be permitted as requested or fails to permit inspection
as requested.
RULE 1. including all
subparts.

and (C) of subdivision (b)(2) of this rule. unless the court
finds that the failure was justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust. If a party fails to admit the genuineness of any document or the truth of
any matter as requested under rule 1.320(a) to testify on behalf of a party fails to obey an order to provide or permit discovery. the court shall require the party failing to obey the
order to pay the reasonable expenses caused by the failure.
(d) Failure of Party to Attend at Own Deposition or Serve Answers to Interrogatories or Respond to
Request for Inspection. or dismissing the action or proceeding or any part of it. director.
(c) Expenses on Failure to Admit. which
may include attorneys’ fees. or managing agent of a party or a person designated
under rule 1. (B).expenses incurred in opposing the motion that may include attorneys’ fees. unless the
party failing to comply shows the inability to produce the person for examination. the court in which the action
is pending may take any action authorized under paragraphs (A).
(b) Failure to Comply with Order. upon motion by the requesting party. including an order made under subdivision (a) of this rule or rule 1. unless the court finds that the making of the motion was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust. the court in which the action is pending
may make any of the following orders:
(A) An order that the matters regarding which the questions were asked or any other designated facts
shall be taken to be established for the purposes of the action in accordance with the claim of the party obtaining
the order. the orders listed in paragraphs (A). or rendering a judgment by default against the
disobedient party.360(a)(1)(B) requiring that party to
produce another for examination. or managing agent of a party or a person designated under rule
1.
(E) When a party has failed to comply with an order under rule 1.360. has conferred or attempted to confer with the party failing to answer or respond in an
54
. or (3) to serve a written response to a request for inspection submitted under rule 1.
(D) Instead of any of the foregoing orders or in addition to them.
(C) An order striking out pleadings or parts of them or staying further proceedings until the order is obeyed. director. unless it
finds that (1) the request was held objectionable pursuant to rule 1.
Instead of any of the foregoing orders or in addition to them.370 and if the party requesting the admissions thereafter proves the genuineness of the document or the truth of the matter. or (3) there was other good reason for the failure to admit.350 after proper service of the request.310(b)(6) or 1. in good faith. and (C) of this subdivision. the
failure may be considered a contempt of the court. (2) to serve answers or objections to interrogatories
submitted under rule 1. the requesting party may file a motion for an order requiring the other party to pay the requesting party the reasonable expenses incurred in making that proof. an order treating as a contempt of court
the failure to obey any orders except an order to submit to an examination made pursuant to rule 1. The court shall issue such an order at the time a party requesting the admissions
proves the genuineness of the document or the truth of the matter.
Any motion specifying a failure under clause (2) or (3) of this subdivision shall include a certification that the
movant.370(a).320(a) to testify on behalf of a party fails (1) to appear before the officer who is to
take the deposition after being served with a proper notice.
(B) An order refusing to allow the disobedient party to support or oppose designated claims or defenses.
(1) If a deponent fails to be sworn or to answer a question after being directed to do so by the court.
(2) If a party or an officer. (2) the admission sought was of no
substantial importance.310(b)(6) or 1. (B). If a party or an officer. the court may apportion the reasonable expenses incurred as a
result of making the motion among the parties and persons.340 after proper service of the interrogatories.360(a)(1)(B)
or subdivision (a)(2) of this rule. which may include attorneys’ fees. If
the motion is granted in part and denied in part.
or prohibiting that party from introducing designated matters in evidence.

Cook v. The failure to act described in this subdivision may not be excused on the ground that the discovery sought is objectionable unless the party failing to act has applied for a protective order as provided by
rule 1. Derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37 as amended in 1970. 219 So.
2003 Amendment.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. 2d 523 (Fla. 2d DCA 1962). or one possessed of special knowledge or skill about the subject
upon which called to testify. 2d 876 (Fla. in its discretion. The committee hopes the amendment to subdivision (b) will show that the intent of the rule is to permit a deposition taken of an expert in conformity with any rule for the
taking of a deposition to be admitted. regardless of the residence of the expert.
the rule eliminates the necessity of any of the requirements of rule 1.280(c). The testimony of an expert or skilled witness may be taken at any time before the trial in accordance with the rules for taking depositions and may be used at trial. where a party failed to file any response to a rule 1.330(a)(3). Subdivision (d) is revised to require that. 2d 117 (Fla.
RULE 1. 176 So.340 interrogatory or a rule
1. Zemzicki.
(b) Procedure. which may include
attorneys’ fees. Subdivision (a)(3) is new and makes it clear
that an evasive or incomplete answer is a failure to answer under the rule. if otherwise admissible under the rules of evidence. defer ruling on the amount of the costs or
fees in order to hold an evidentiary hearing whenever convenient to the court and counsel.
55
. Nothing in this rule shall prevent the taking of any deposition as otherwise provided by
law. The court shall also determine a reasonable time within which payment must be made. This requirement is based on successful experience with the federal rule as well as similar local rules of state trial courts.
DEPOSITIONS OF EXPERT WITNESSES
(a) Definition. This rule has caused more difficulty in recent years than any other discovery rule.390. See Owca v. Subdivision (c) has been amended to clarify the procedure to be used in paying an expert witness for his or her appearance at a deposition. 2d DCA 1969). Any reasonable fee paid to an expert or skilled witness may be taxed
as costs. the discovering party should attempt to obtain such responses before filing a motion for sanctions. language is included in subdivision (a)(2) that requires litigants to seek to resolve discovery disputes by informal means before filing a motion with the court. Following the example of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37 as amended in 1993. regardless of the place of residence of
the witness or whether the witness is within the distance prescribed by rule 1.
(d) Applicability. Other clarifying changes have been made within the general
scope of the rule to ensure that complete coverage of all discovery failures is afforded. Subdivision (a)(4) is
revised to provide that a party should not be awarded its expenses for filing a motion that might have been avoided by conferring with opposing counsel. In short. 2d DCA 1965). and Bondy v. West. The term “expert witness” as used herein applies exclusively to a person duly and regularly
engaged in the practice of a profession who holds a professional degree from a university or college and has had
special professional training and experience. Subdivision (c) is amended to require a court to make a ruling on a request for reimbursement at the time of the hearing on the requesting party’s motion for entitlement to such relief. unless the court finds that the failure was justified or that other circumstances make an award of
expenses unjust. Instead of any order or in addition to it.330(a)(3) when the deposition offered is that of an expert. the court
shall require the party failing to act to pay the reasonable expenses caused by the failure.350 request.
(c) Fee.
1988 Amendment.effort to obtain such answer or response without court action.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. It was enacted as a statute originally to make the presentation of expert testimony less expensive and less onerous to the expert and to admit the expert’s deposition at trial
regardless of the expert’s residence. courts seem determined to misconstrue the plain language of the rule and cause
complications that the committee and the legislature did not envisage. The court may. 137 So.
Lichtblau. An expert or skilled witness whose deposition is taken shall be allowed a witness fee in such reasonable amount as the court may determine.
2005 Amendment. No special form of notice need be given that the deposition will be used for trial. All parties and the deponent shall be served with
notice of any hearing to determine the fee. if the deponent and party cannot agree. In spite of its intent.

or on or before the time specified in the subpoena
for compliance if the time is less than 10 days after service.
may (1) quash or modify the subpoena if it is unreasonable and oppressive. and subpoenas for taking depositions may be issued by the clerk of court or by any attorney of record
in an action. A party seeking production of evidence at trial which would
be subject to a subpoena may compel such production by serving a notice to produce such evidence on an adverse party as provided in rule 1.
(b) Subpoena for Testimony before the Court. The subpoena shall state the method for recording the testimony. Proof of such service shall be made by affidavit of the person making
service except as applicable under rule 1. documents.
(2) A person may be required to attend an examination only in the county wherein the person resides or is
employed or transacts business in person or at such other convenient place as may be fixed by an order of court. documents. the
party serving the subpoena shall not be entitled to inspect and copy the materials except pursuant to an order of
the court from which the subpoena was issued. Failure by any person without adequate excuse to obey a subpoena served upon that person
56
.
(c) For Production of Documentary Evidence. Subpoenas for testimony before the court. subpoenas for production of tangible
evidence. upon motion made promptly and in any event at or before the time specified in the subpoena for compliance therewith.410.080(b). papers. papers.
(1) Filing a notice to take a deposition as provided in rule 1. papers. or tangible
things that constitute or contain evidence relating to any of the matters within the scope of the examination
permitted by rule 1.
(2) On oral request of an attorney or party and without praecipe.
(1) Every subpoena for testimony before the court shall be issued by an attorney of record in an action or
by the clerk under the seal of the court and shall state the name of the court and the title of the action and shall
command each person to whom it is directed to attend and give testimony at a time and place specified in it. the person to whom the subpoena is directed may
serve written objection to inspection or copying of any of the designated materials.310(b) or 1.
and the subpoena shall be filled in before service by the attorney or party.
(f) Contempt. or tangible things designated therein. The subpoena
may command the person to whom it is directed to produce designated books. the party serving the subpoena may
move for an order at any time before or during the taking of the deposition upon notice to the deponent.280(c) and
subdivision (c) of this rule. Service of a subpoena upon a person named
therein shall be made as provided by law.
(d) Service.351(c) for the production of documents and things by a nonparty without deposition.
(e) Subpoena for Taking Depositions. If objection has been made. if not served by an officer authorized by law to do so. or (2) condition denial of the motion
upon the advancement by the person in whose behalf the subpoena is issued of the reasonable cost of producing
the books.320(a) with a certificate of service
on it showing service on all parties to the action constitutes an authorization for the issuance of subpoenas for
the persons named or described in the notice by the clerk of the court in which the action is pending or by an
attorney of record in the action. If objection is made. or tangible things. but the court.RULE 1. but in that event the subpoena will be subject to the provisions of rule 1. A subpoena may be served by any person authorized by law to serve process or by any other
person who is not a party and who is not less than 18 years of age. the clerk shall issue a subpoena for testimony before the court or a subpoena for the production of documentary evidence before the court signed and
sealed but otherwise in blank.
SUBPOENA
(a) Subpoena Generally. Such notice shall have the same effect and be subject to the same limitations as a subpoena served on the party. Within 10 days after its service. A subpoena may also command the person to whom it is directed to produce the books.280(b). both as to the title of the action and the name of the person to whom it is directed. documents.

Since a judge is not present at a deposition. When any person authorized by the laws of Florida to administer oaths is appointed by a court of
record of any other state. except that a notice of dismissal operates as an adjudication on the merits
when served by a plaintiff who has once dismissed in any court an action based on or including the same claim. Unless otherwise stated in the notice or stipulation.031. If Counterclaim. Florida Statutes. negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony. Admin.
(h) Subpoena of Minor. Except as provided in subdivision (a)(1) of this rule. or any part of an action or claim may be dismissed by plaintiff without order of court (A) before
trial by serving.
(1) By Parties.
(2) By Order of Court. This amendment is not intended to change any other requirement or
precedent for the issuance or use of subpoenas. a notice of taking the deposition must be filed and served before a subpoena
for deposition may be issued. A subpoena for appearance before the court is not subject to
abuse because the court can correct any attempt to abuse the use of blank subpoenas. but in lieu thereof a photostatic copy may
be annexed to and transmitted with such executed commission to the court of issuance.
RULE 1. or (B) by filing a stipulation of dismissal signed by all current parties to the action. For example.
(b) Involuntary Dismissal. as an officer of the
court. an action. that witness may be compelled to attend and testify before that commissioner by witness
subpoena issued by the clerk of any circuit court at the instance of that commissioner or by other process or
proceedings in the same manner as if that commissioner had been appointed by a court of this state. and the clerk to issue subpoenas in the name of the court. additional
protection for the parties and the deponent is required and subpoenas should not be issued in blank. or that the
interests of the parent or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor. Any party may move for dismissal of an action or of any claim against that party
57
. jurisdiction. 2. Subpoena
Powers. the action shall not be dismissed against defendant’s objections unless the
counterclaim can remain pending for independent adjudication by the court. or during trial by stating on the record.
the dismissal is without prejudice.420.
1996 Amendment. before retirement of the jury in a
case tried before a jury or before submission of a nonjury case to the court for decision. Unless otherwise specified in the
order.060(a)B(b)). Subdivision (c) is revised to conform with section 48. Except in actions in which property has been seized or is in the custody of the court. Florida Statutes (1979).
1980 Amendment. but only for trial. etc. R. This rule is amended to allow an attorney (as referred to in Fla.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. Jud. If a counterclaim has been served by a defendant prior to the service upon the defendant
of the plaintiff’s notice of dismissal.
DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS
(a) Voluntary Dismissal.may be deemed a contempt of the court from which the subpoena issued.616. a dismissal under this paragraph is without prejudice. or if none is served or if the motion is denied. except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian
is likely to have a material. Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a
parent or guardian at all times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section 90. a notice of dismissal at any time before a hearing on
motion for summary judgment. Subdivision (d) is also modified to
conform with the revised federal rule on subpoenas for depositions to permit an objection by the deponent to the production of material
required by a subpoena to be produced. an action
shall not be dismissed at a party’s instance except on order of the court and upon such terms and conditions as
the court deems proper. Subdivisions (a) and (d) are amended to show the intent of the rule that subpoenas for deposition may not be issued in
blank by the clerk. The reason for the distinction is valid. or government as commissioner to take the testimony of any named witness within this state.
(g) Depositions before Commissioners Appointed in this State by Courts of Other States. provided
that no document or paper writing shall be compulsorily annexed as an exhibit to such deposition or otherwise
permanently removed from the possession of the witness producing it. a claim.

Court Commentary
1984 Amendment. A perennial real property title problem occurs because of the failure to properly dispose of notices of lis pendens in
the order of dismissal. and no order staying the action has been issued nor stipulation for stay approved by the court. After a party seeking affirmative relief in an action tried by the
court without a jury has completed the presentation of evidence. or order shall be recorded.
(f) Effect on Lis Pendens. operates as an adjudication on the merits. In all actions in which it appears on the face of the record that no activity by filing
of pleadings. taxable costs attributable solely to the
dismissed claim may be assessed and judgment for costs in that claim entered in the action. Accordingly.
1980 Amendment. Nonrecord activity will not toll the 1-year time period. the court. but only when all
claims are resolved at the trial court level as to the party seeking taxation of costs. other than a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction or for improper venue or for lack of an indispensable party. after
reasonable notice to the parties. Subdivision (e) has been amended to prevent the dismissal of an action for inactivity alone unless 1 year has elapsed
since the occurrence of activity of record.
(c) Dismissal of Counterclaim.
(d) Costs.
(e) Failure to Prosecute. and no record activity occurs within the 60 days immediately following the service of such notice. Notice of hearing on the motion
shall be served as required under rule 1. the reference in subdivision (a)(1) to disposition of notices of lis pendens has been deleted and a separate subdivision created to automatically dissolve notices of lis pendens whenever an action is dismissed under this rule. Unless the court in its order for dismissal otherwise specifies. the action shall be dismissed by
the court on its own motion or on the motion of any interested person. or Third-Party Claim. unless a party shows good cause in writing at least 5 days before the hearing on
the motion why the action should remain pending.
2005 Amendment.for failure of an adverse party to comply with these rules or any order of court. once the action is concluded as to the party seeking taxation of costs. or third-party claim.
58
. The court as trier of the facts may then determine them and render judgment against the party seeking affirmative relief or may decline to render judgment
until the close of all the evidence. Crossclaim. and if
no stay was issued or approved prior to the expiration of such 60-day period.
1992 Amendment. stipulation. Subdivision (f) is amended to provide for automatic dissolution of lis pendens on claims that are settled even though
the entire action may not have been dismissed. Costs in any action dismissed under this rule shall be assessed and judgment for costs entered in
that action. the court shall make such order for the payment of costs of the claim previously dismissed as it may deem proper and shall stay the proceedings in the action until the party seeking affirmative
relief has complied with the order. the notice of lis pendens connected with the dismissed claim is automatically dissolved at the same time. If no such record activity has occurred within the 10 months immediately preceding the service of such
notice.
Committee Notes
1976 Amendment. crossclaim. Mere inaction for a period of less than 1 year shall not be
sufficient cause for dismissal for failure to prosecute. whether a party to the
action or not.090(d). The provisions of this rule apply to the
dismissal of any counterclaim. a dismissal
under this subdivision and any dismissal not provided for in this rule. order of court. any other party may move for a dismissal on
the ground that on the facts and the law the party seeking affirmative relief has shown no right to relief. without
waiving the right to offer evidence if the motion is not granted. Subdivision (e) has been amended to provide that an action may not be dismissed for lack of prosecution without
prior notice to the claimant and adequate opportunity for the claimant to re-commence prosecution of the action to avert dismissal. When one or more other
claims remain pending following dismissal of any claim under this rule. The notice. any interested person. If a notice of lis pendens has been filed in connection with a claim for affirmative
relief that is dismissed under this rule. or the clerk of the court may serve notice to all parties that no such activity has occurred. or otherwise has occurred for a period of 10 months. whether a party to the action or not. Subdivision (e) has been amended to except from the requirement of record activity a stay that is ordered or approved
by the court. If a party who has once dismissed a claim in any court of this state commences an action based upon or including the same claim against
the same adverse party.

2d 728 (Fla. Any party may demand a trial by jury of any issue triable of right by a jury by serving upon the
other party a demand therefor in writing at any time after commencement of the action and not later than 10
days after the service of the last pleading directed to such issue. The questionnaire shall be used after the names of jurors
have been selected as provided by law but before certification and the placing of the names of prospective jurors
in the jury box. but the court may allow an amendment in the
proceedings to demand a trial by jury or order a trial by jury on its own motion. A party who fails to serve a demand as required by this rule waives trial by jury. but the right of the parties to conduct a reasonable examination of each juror
orally shall be preserved. A demand for trial by jury may
not be withdrawn without the consent of the parties. the party is deemed to demand trial by jury for all issues so triable. If a party has demanded trial by jury
for only some of the issues.
(1) On motion of any party. It is not intended to overrule Wertman v. the court shall examine any prospective juror on oath to determine whether that
person is related. 2d 294 (Fla. and Shores v. 2d 666 (Fla. within the third degree. The demand may be indorsed upon a pleading
of the party.
(b) Examination by Parties. 88 So. otherwise. Subdivision (d) is amended to conform to the decisions construing it. Bittner v. that requires a moving party to show justice requires a jury.RULE 1. or (iii) any other person
or entity against whom liability or blame is alleged in the pleadings.
TRIAL JURY
(a) Questionnaire. 166 So. The questionnaire shall be used to determine those who are not qualified to serve as jurors under
any statutory ground of disqualification. (ii) the attorney of any party. any other party may serve a demand for trial by jury of any other or all of the issues
triable by jury 10 days after service of the demand or such lesser time as the court may order. The right of trial by jury as declared by the Constitution or by statute shall be preserved
to the parties inviolate.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. 62 So. or has any
59
. Completed forms may be inspected in the clerk’s
office and copies shall be available in court during the voir dire examination for use by parties and the court. 2d 799 (Fla. 1st DCA 1961).
(c) Challenge for Cause. 1st DCA 1964). In the demand a party may specify the issues that the party wishes so tried.
RULE 1. 132 So. Warriner. to (i) any party. a
jury trial may not be granted without the consent of the parties. The court may ask such questions
of the jurors as it deems necessary. If waived.
1953).430.
(2) To assist in voir dire examination at trial. any court may direct the clerk to furnish prospective jurors selected for service with a questionnaire in the form approved by the supreme court from time to time. The parties have the right to examine jurors orally on their voir dire. The order
in which the parties may examine each juror shall be determined by the court. Tipping.
(d) Waiver. The prospective jurors shall be asked to complete and return the forms. or is related to any person alleged to have
been wronged or injured by the commission of the wrong for the trial of which the juror is called. 1956). See Wood v.431.
(1) The circuit court may direct the authority charged by law with the selection of prospective jurors to furnish each prospective juror with a questionnaire in the form approved by the supreme court from time to time to
assist the authority in selecting prospective jurors. Walsh. Murphy.
(b) Demand.
(c) Specification of Issues. WAIVER
(a) Right Preserved.
DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL.

An alternate juror who does not
replace a principal juror shall be discharged when the jury retires to consider the verdict. the party making
the challenge. Each party is entitled to 3 peremptory challenges of jurors. the fact that any prospective juror does not possess the qualifications is a ground of challenge for cause. but when the number of parties on opposite sides is unequal. powers. No one shall be sworn as a juror until the jury has been accepted by the parties or
until all challenges have been exhausted. the trial
judge shall enter an order denying the motion or permitting the interview. The motion shall state the name and address of each juror to be
interviewed and the grounds for challenge that the party believes may exist.
(f) Swearing of Jurors.interest in the action.
(h) Interview of a Juror. manner. Any additional peremptory challenges not capable of equal division shall be exercised separately or jointly as determined by the court. Alternate jurors shall be drawn
in the same manner. After notice and hearing. the court
may prescribe the place. or the basis of the court’s ruling on the challenge. A party objecting to the juror may introduce
any other competent evidence to support the objection.
(1) The court may direct that 1 or 2 jurors be impaneled to sit as alternate jurors in addition to the regular
panel. The peremptory challenges allowed pursuant to subdivision (d) of this rule shall not be used against the alternate jurors. to enable a juror to understand the evidence to be offered. facilities. If the interview is permitted.
(2) The fact that any person selected for jury duty from bystanders or the body of the county and not from a
jury list lawfully selected has served as a juror in the court in which that person is called at any other time within 1 year is a ground of challenge for cause. the opposing parties are entitled to the same aggregate number of
peremptory challenges to be determined on the basis of 3 peremptory challenges to each party on the side with
the greater number of parties. The motion shall be served within 10 days after rendition of the verdict unless good cause is shown for
the failure to make the motion within that time.
(d) Peremptory Challenges. If it appears that the juror does not stand indifferent to
the action or any of the foregoing grounds of objection exists or that the juror is otherwise incompetent. All challenges shall be addressed to the court outside the hearing of the jury in a
manner selected by the court so that the jury panel is not aware of the nature of the challenge. conditions. the opposing parties
shall be entitled to the same aggregate number of peremptory challenges to be determined on the basis of 1 peremptory challenge to each party on the side with the greater number of parties. and arithmetic. or has formed or expressed any opinion.
60
. and privileges as principal jurors. be subject to the same examination. each party shall be entitled to one peremptory challenge in the selection of
the alternate juror or jurors. take the same oath. but when the number of parties on opposite sides is unequal. A party who believes that grounds for legal challenge to a verdict exist may move
for an order permitting an interview of a juror or jurors to determine whether the verdict is subject to the challenge.
(e) Exercise of Challenges. or is sensible of any bias or prejudice concerning
it. and
have the same functions. or any of
them. The additional peremptory challenges allowed pursuant to this subdivision may be used only against the alternate jurors.
(3) When the nature of any civil action requires a knowledge of reading.
(g) Alternate Jurors. if for cause. Alternate jurors in the order in which they are called shall replace jurors who have become unable or
disqualified to perform their duties before the jury retires to consider its verdict. another
shall be called in that juror’s place. or is an employee or has been an employee of any party or any other person or entity against whom liability
or blame is alleged in the pleadings. within 30 days before the trial. writing. have the same qualifications. The additional peremptory challenges accruing to multiple parties on the opposing side shall be divided equally among them. and scope of the interview.
(2) If alternate jurors are called.

the court held that it was not error for a court to swear jurors one at a time as they were accepted and thereby
prevent retrospective peremptory challenges. 1993). 2d 1262 (Fla.984. It is intended to replace section 40..
RULE 1.051. Florida Rock Industries.
1988 Amendment.021. Subdivision (e) has been added to establish a procedure for challenging jurors without members of the panel knowing
the source of the challenge. This right to back-strike until the jurors have been sworn has been long recognized in Florida.201.
1988 Amendment.200. All references to the pretrial conference are deleted because these are covered in rule 1.Committee Notes
1971 Adoption. in the recent case of Valdes v. Inc. Subdivision (a) is new. both for the venire and for the panel for trial in a particular action.011. 53.
1976 Amendment.440. declared unconstitutional in Smith v. 53. v. The clerk shall then submit the
notice and the case file to the court. See also Canons of Professional Responsibility DR
7-108. 623 So. The existence of crossclaims among the parties shall not prevent the court from setting
the action for trial on the issues raised by the complaint. 1st DCA 1984). Subdivision (g)(2) is amended to minimize the inequity in numbers of peremptory challenges allowed in selecting alternate jurors in actions with multiple parties. This rule does not apply to actions to which chapter 51. 2d 1182
(Fla. The party entitled to serve
motions directed to the last pleading may waive the right to do so by filing a notice for trial at any time after the
last pleading is served.983 and
1. Marin. An action is at issue after any motions directed to the last pleading served have been disposed of or. after supplying the deficiencies in the statute. Subdivision (c)(1) is amended to ensure that prospective jurors may be challenged for cause based on bias in favor of
or against nonparties against whom liability or blame may be alleged in accordance with the decisions in Fabre v. 678 So. Subdivisions (b)–(e) are sections 53. Former subdivisions (f) and (g) have been redesignated as (g) and (h) respectively. The purpose of this subdivision is to prevent the use of individual swearing of jurors in civil
cases. In actions in which the damages are not liquidated. applies or
to cases designated as complex pursuant to rule 1. 5th DCA 1982). Inc. 1968). State. without substantial change. Subdivision (f) is a renumbering of the previously enacted rule regarding alternate jurors. if no such motions are served. and any answer to a counterclaim. and 53. 20 days after service of the last pleading. Subdivision (f) has been added to ensure the right to “back-strike” prospective jurors until the entire panel has been
accepted in civil cases. 408 So.031. Florida Statutes. the order setting an action for trial shall be served on parties who are in default in accordance with rule 1.101..
Court Commentary
61
. The forms referred to in subdivision (a) are forms 1. 2d 298 (Fla. Subdivision (c) was amended to clarify a confusion regarding the notice for trial which resulted from a 1968 amendment.
(c) Setting for Trial. answer.080(a). 212 So.
SETTING ACTION FOR TRIAL
(a) When at Issue. and whether the trial is on the original action or a subsequent proceeding.
(b) Notice for Trial. 2d 630 (Fla.
Subdivision (g) has been added to establish a procedure for interviewing jurors. to avoid prejudice. 1996). 443 So. Florida Statutes.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. Thereafter any party may file and serve a notice that the action is at issue and ready to
be set for trial. Inc.
1992 Amendment. or Nash v. The notice shall include an estimate of the time required. Wells Fargo Guard Services.110(h).
1980 Amendment. 2d
223 (Fla.
(d) Applicability. it shall enter an order fixing a date
for trial. However. whether the trial is to be by a jury or
not. Trial shall be set not less than 30 days from the service of the notice for trial. If the court finds the action ready to be set for trial. United Building Systems. It is intended to simplify the task of selecting prospective jurors. Florida Statutes (1967).
Portante. Subdivision (b) is amended to specify whether the trial will be on the original pleadings or subsequent pleadings under rule 1.
2005 Amendment. By giving the same notice
the court may set an action for trial.

A joint proposal shall state the amount and terms attributable to each party. demands. A proposal may be withdrawn in writing provided the written withdrawal is delivered before a written acceptance is delivered. No proposal shall be served later than 45 days before the date set for trial or the first day of
the docket on which the case is set for trial. or proposals.
derivatively.
(d) Service and Filing.
62
.
(2) A proposal shall:
(A) name the party or parties making the proposal and the party or parties to whom the proposal is being
made.
RULE 1. if any. whether by operation of law or by contract. regardless of the
terms used to refer to such offers. Acceptance by any party shall be without prejudice to rights of contribution or indemnity. or technically liable. Subdivision (a) is amended by adding a sentence to emphasize the authority given in rule 1. This rule applies to all proposals for settlement authorized by Florida law. A proposal to a defendant shall be served no earlier than 90 days after service of
process on that defendant. A proposal shall be served on the party or parties to whom it is made but shall not be
filed unless necessary to enforce the provisions of this rule.
(c) Form and Content of Proposal for Settlement. a proposal to a plaintiff shall be served no earlier than 90 days after the action has
been commenced.
(B) identify the claim or claims the proposal is attempting to resolve.
(b) Service of Proposal.
(F) state whether the proposal includes attorneys’ fees and whether attorneys’ fees are part of the legal
claim.
PROPOSALS FOR SETTLEMENT
(a) Applicability. when a party is alleged to be solely vicariously. Once withdrawn. and supersedes all other provisions of the rules and
statutes that may be inconsistent with this rule.
(D) state the total amount of the proposal and state with particularity all nonmonetary terms of the proposal.442. constructively.270(b) for the severing of
issues for trial. a proposal is void.
(1) A proposal shall be in writing and shall identify the applicable Florida law under which it is being
made.
(4) Notwithstanding subdivision (c)(3).1984 Amendment.
(E) state with particularity the amount proposed to settle a claim for punitive damages.
(e) Withdrawal.080(f). a joint proposal made by or
served on such a party need not state the apportionment or contribution as to that party.
(C) state with particularity any relevant conditions. and
(G) include a certificate of service in the form required by rule 1.
(3) A proposal may be made by or to any party or parties and by or to any combination of parties properly
identified in the proposal. whichever is earlier.
Subdivision (c) is amended to delete the reference to law actions so that the rule will apply to all actions in which unliquidated damages
are sought.

This rule replaces former rule 1. the time for acceptance of a proposal for settlement is extended to 30 days after the date the order granting or denying certification is filed. where
reconciliation is impossible.
63
. Any party seeking sanctions pursuant to applicable Florida law.
(h) Costs and Fees.
(j) Effect of Mediation. 675 So.090(e) do not apply to this subdivision. along with all other relevant criteria. Subdivision (f)(2) was added to establish the time for acceptance of proposals for settlement in class actions. shall do so by serving a motion in accordance with rule 1. in its discretion. Subdivision (g) is amended to conform with new rule 1. the court may. in order to provide a workable structure for proposing settlements in civil actions. the following factors:
(A) The then-apparent merit or lack of merit in the claim. 663 So.
determine that a proposal was not made in good faith. 608 So. and the decisions of the Florida Supreme Court in Knealing v. v.
(2) In any case in which the existence of a class is alleged. and supersedes those sections of the Florida Statutes and the prior decisions of the court. rejection. 2d 606 (Fla. TGI Friday’s. 623 So.(f) Acceptance and Rejection.
2000 Amendment. Marin.
(D) Whether the party making the proposal had unreasonably refused to furnish information necessary to
evaluate the reasonableness of the proposal. 2d 1 (Fla.
(C) The closeness of questions of fact and law at issue. Florida Statutes.
(B) The number and nature of proposals made by the parties. “Filing”
is defined in rule 1. where possible.
(2) When determining the reasonableness of the amount of an award of attorneys’ fees pursuant to this section. 1996). 2d 593 (Fla.442.
(1) If a party is entitled to costs and fees pursuant to applicable Florida law. 73. the court may disallow an award of costs
and attorneys’ fees. 45.102(5)(b)).
(1) A proposal shall be deemed rejected unless accepted by delivery of a written notice of acceptance within 30 days after service of the proposal. This rule was amended to reconcile.
1993). the court shall consider. Mediation shall have no effect on the dates during which parties are permitted to
make or accept a proposal for settlement under the terms of the rule.
Committee Notes
1996 Amendment.525. which
was repealed by the Timmons decision. The provision which requires
that a joint proposal state the amount and terms attributable to each party is in order to conform with Fabre v.102(6) (formerly 44.
(E) Whether the suit was in the nature of a test case presenting questions of far-reaching importance affecting nonparties.080(e). or counteroffer under the provisions of this rule. 1992). No oral
communications shall constitute an acceptance. and Timmons v. Dvorak.525.
(g) Sanctions. Combs.
Inc. based on the failure of the
proposal’s recipient to accept a proposal. Evidence of a proposal or acceptance thereof is admissible only in proceedings to
enforce an accepted proposal or to determine the imposition of sanctions. The provisions of rule 1.79.032. 2d 1182 (Fla. In such case.
(i) Evidence of Proposal. sections 44. 1995).061. and
768. Puleo.
(F) The amount of the additional delay cost and expense that the party making the proposal reasonably
would be expected to incur if the litigation were to be prolonged.

In The Florida Bar. Subdivision (d) was repealed by the supreme court. In response.075.
RULE 1. In actions tried without a jury the same procedure may be followed except that the court upon request shall take and report the evidence in full unless it clearly appears that the evidence is not admissible on any ground or that the witness is privileged. Such questions will be submitted after all counsel have concluded their questioning of
a witness.450(e). 1976).
1996 Amendment. When documentary evidence is introduced in an action.450(f) and now feels that the July 2. 806 (Fla. The clerk must retain
the exhibits for 1 year unless the court permits removal earlier. the form in
which it was offered. and the ruling thereon. the Court proposed new Rule 1. The court shall permit jurors to submit to the court written questions directed to
witnesses or to the court. see 403 So. The Court has carefully considered the
responses received regarding proposed Rule 1.
(b) Procedure.
Committee Notes
1971 Amendment. 1979. the court requested the committee to consider the continued appropriateness of rule 1. In an action tried by a jury if an objection to a question propounded to a
witness is sustained by the court.450(f) is.
written question and give the question to the bailiff. at page 62. 429 So. the effective date for Rule 1.
Subdivision (e): This rule was originally promulgated by the supreme court in Carter v. the clerk or the judge shall endorse an
identifying number or symbol on it and when proffered or admitted in evidence. it shall be filed by the clerk or
judge and considered in the custody of the court and not withdrawn except with written leave of court. 2d 926. Any juror who has a question directed to the witness or the court shall prepare an unsigned. the clerk may destroy or dispose
of the exhibits after giving the specified notice. the objection made. 335 So. delayed until further
order of the Court. by this order. Absent further action by the Court. 2d 802.
The committee again considered rule 1.
(b) Filing. 2d 165 (Fla. in re Rules of Civil Procedure. the committee recommended its deletion.450(e) in depth and at length and again recommends its deletion for the reason that no exception
should be made in the rule to a particular type of action. who will give the question to the judge.
The court may add such other or further statement as clearly shows the character of the evidence. points out:
“The per curiam opinion of the Florida Supreme Court of June 21.450 of the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure which would provide for the disposal of exhibits and depositions in civil
matters. Subdivision (d) is amended to eliminate the necessity of a court order for disposal of exhibits. 1980).450.’”
The retention of court records is the subject of Florida Rule of Judicial Administration 2. 1979.
QUESTIONS BY JURORS
(a) Questions Permitted. Former subdivision (a) entitled “Adverse Witness” is deleted because it is no longer needed or appropriate because
the matters with which it deals are treated in the Florida Evidence Code. the examining attorney may make a specific offer of what the attorney expects
to prove by the answer of the witness.
64
. 391 So. the proposed rule was to become effective July 2. the court specifically declined to abolish the rule or to adopt a similar rule for other types of actions.RULE 1. If removal is not effected within the year. Therefore. 1979 (403 So. effective date does not allow sufficient time for
full reflection on matters raised in these responses.2d 926) provides: ‘On March 8. 1979.452.
Subdivision (f): The West’s Desk Copy Florida Rules of Court.
EVIDENCE
(a) Record of Excluded Evidence. After oral argument in The Florida Bar: In re
Rules of Civil Procedure. Sparkman. 2d 311.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment. The court may require the offer to be made out of the hearing of the jury.

shtml shall be used by the trial judges of this state
in instructing the jury in civil actions to the extent that the Standard Jury Instructions are applicable.floridasupremecourt. in all circumstances in which the notes accompanying the Florida Standard Jury Instructions contain a recommendation
that a certain type of instruction not be given. The motion shall state all of the facts that the movant contends
entitle the movant to a continuance. upon timely objection to the instruction. At such conference. the trial judge shall state on the
record or in a separate order the legal basis for varying from the Standard Jury Instruction.
CONTINUANCES
A motion for continuance shall be in writing unless made at a trial and. For appellate purposes no exception shall be necessary to any adverse ruling. Trials are no longer uniformly set in that manner.470.
EXCEPTIONS UNNECESSARY. and give counsel an opportunity to object to the question.org/jury_instructions/instructions. unless the
trial judge determines that an applicable Standard Jury Instruction is erroneous or inadequate. it recognizes that circumstances justifying a continuance may excuse the signature of the party. by adopting Florida Rule of Judicial Administration 2.
by including an exception for good cause. the trial judge shall follow the recommendation unless the judge
determines that the giving of such an instruction is necessary to accurately and sufficiently instruct the jury. Not later than at the close of the evidence. motions for continuance can be filed at any time
that the need arises and need not be in writing if the parties are before the court. in
which even the judge shall give such instruction as the judge deems appropriate and necessary. Out of the presence of the jury. and
continuances are granted generally without reference to the rule.460. The Florida Standard Jury Instructions appearing on the court’s website at
www. upon timely objection to the
instruction. effective July 1. required all
motions for continuance to be signed by the litigant requesting the continuance. but. deleted by amendment.455. or the failure to give any instruction unless that party requested the same. or thing whatsoever said or done at the trial or prior thereto or after verdict. The court shall then require counsel to appear before it to settle the instructions to be given.
RULE 1. all objections shall be made and ruled
upon and the court shall inform counsel of such instructions as it will give. which was said or done
after objection made and considered by the trial court and which affected the substantial rights of the party
complaining and which is assigned as error. order. the court may authorize documents and exhibits to be included in notebooks for use by the
jurors during trial to aid them in performing their duties.
RULE 1.
RULE 1. shall be
signed by the party requesting the continuance. the
motion must show when it is believed the witness will be available. Even then. the rule was honored more in the breach than the observance. except for good cause shown.
1988 Amendment. No party may assign as error the
giving of any instruction unless that party objects thereto at such time. 1986. The court shall orally instruct the jury before or after the arguments of coun-
65
.085(c). The supreme court. the trial judge shall state on the record or in a separate order the legal basis of the determination that
such instruction is necessary. The amendment conforms rule 1. instruction.(c) Objections. If the trial judge
does not follow such a recommendation of the Florida Standard Jury Instructions.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment. JURY INSTRUCTIONS
(a) Adverse Ruling. allow counsel
to see the written question.
JUROR NOTEBOOKS
In its discretion. Under the revised rule.
(b) Instructions to Jury. the parties shall file written requests
that the court instruct the jury on the law set forth in such requests. the judge will read the question to all counsel. Subdivision (a).460 to rule 2.085(c). was initially adopted when trials were set at a docket sounding prescribed by
statute. Similarly. If the trial judge
modifies a Standard Jury Instruction or gives such other instruction as the judge determines necessary to accurately and sufficiently instruct the jury. If a continuance is sought on the ground of nonavailability of a witness.

If a verdict was not returned. The court shall file a copy of such instructions. The court shall provide each juror with a written set of the instructions for his or her
use in deliberations. A motion for a new trial may be joined with this motion or a new
trial may be requested in the alternative. Directed Verdicts.sel and may provide appropriate instructions during the trial.
66
. or judgments non obstante veredicto or in arrest of
judgment to entitle the party against whom such ruling is made to have the same reviewed by an appellate court. a party who has timely moved
for a directed verdict may serve a motion to set aside the verdict and any judgment entered thereon and to enter
judgment in accordance with the motion for a directed verdict. and notes
only when necessary to accurately and sufficiently instruct the jury. If a verdict was returned. the court may allow the judgment to stand or
may reopen the judgment and either order a new trial or direct the entry of judgment as if the requested verdict
had been directed. If the instructions are given prior to final argument.
(c) Joined with Motion for New Trial. the verdict shall state the amount of punitive damages separately from the amounts of other damages awarded. and to require the parties to object to preserve error in variance from
published standard jury instructions and notes.
MOTION FOR A DIRECTED VERDICT
(a) Effect. When a motion for a directed verdict is denied or for any reason is
not granted.470 to require the court to use published
standard instructions where applicable and necessary.
2010 Amendment. The order directing a
verdict is effective without any assent of the jury.
Committee Notes
1996 Amendment.
(c) Orders on New Trial. Subdivision (b) is amended to clarify that the time limitations in this rule are based on service. etc.
VERDICTS
In all actions when punitive damages are sought.
RULE 1. the presiding judge shall give the jury final procedural instructions after final arguments are concluded
and prior to deliberations.
2010 Amendment.480.
RULE 1.
(b) Reservation of Decision on Motion. the court may direct the entry of judgment as if the requested verdict had been directed or may order a new trial. Portions of form 1. Subdivision (b) is amended to conform to 2006 changes to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 50(b) eliminating the requirement for renewing at the close of all the evidence a motion for directed verdict already made at the close of an adverse party’s evidence. Within 10 days after the return of a verdict. to permit the judge to vary from the published standard jury instructions. A party who moves for a directed verdict at the close of the evidence offered by the adverse party
may offer evidence in the event the motion is denied without having reserved the right to do so and to the same
extent as if the motion had not been made.985 were modified and moved to subdivision (b) of 1.481. The denial of a motion for a directed verdict shall not operate to discharge the jury. The last sentence of that subdivision was amended to encourage judges to furnish written copies of
their charges to juries. A motion for a directed verdict shall state the specific grounds therefor. It shall not be necessary to object or except to any order
granting or denying motions for new trials. a party who has
timely moved for a directed verdict may serve a motion for judgment in accordance with the motion for a directed verdict within 10 days after discharge of the jury. directed verdicts. the court is deemed to have submitted the action to the jury subject to a later determination of the
legal questions raised by the motion. The word “general” in the third sentence of subdivision (b) was deleted to require the court to specifically inform
counsel of the charges it intends to give.
Committee Notes
1988 Amendment. If no verdict was returned.

papers. The magistrate
may take all actions concerning evidence that can be taken by the court and in the same manner. the court may require magistrates who are appointed to dispose of real or personal property to give bond and surety conditioned for the proper payment of all moneys that
may come into their hands and for the due performance of their duties as the court may direct.RULE 1. and
any other parties who are not satisfied with the account may examine the accounting party orally or by interrogatories or deposition as the magistrate directs.
charge.
vouchers. or answer used before the magistrate shall be recited. The magistrate shall have authority to examine the parties
on oath upon all matters contained in the reference and to require production of all books. giving notice to the absent party of the adjournment. account. In the reports made by the magistrate no part of any statement of facts. deposition. All parties accounting before a magistrate shall bring in their accounts in the form of accounts payable and receivable. The magistrate shall proceed with reasonable diligence in every reference and with the least practicable delay. Upon a showing that the appointment is advisable. all
hearings shall be held in the courthouse of the county where the action is pending. The magistrate shall admit evidence by deposition or that is otherwise admissible in court. a person other than a member of
the Bar may be appointed. and the general magistrates shall continue in
office until removed by the court.
MAGISTRATES
(a) General Magistrates. and they shall be governed by all the provisions of law and rules relating to magistrates except they shall not be required to make oath or give bond unless specifically required by
the order appointing them. or commissioner shall be held in the
county where the action is pending. examination. No reference shall be to a magistrate. The bond shall be
made payable to the State of Florida and shall be for the benefit of all persons aggrieved by any act of the magistrate. writings. The matters shall be
identified to inform the court what items were used. The magistrate shall assign a time and place for proceedings as soon as reasonably possible after the reference is made and give notice to each of the parties. but hearings may be held at any place by order of the court within or without the state to meet the convenience of the witnesses or the parties. The evidence shall be taken
in writing by the magistrate or by some other person under the magistrate’s authority in the magistrate’s presence and shall be filed with the magistrate’s report. The court may appoint members of The Florida Bar as special magistrates for any
particular service required by the court. Judges of the circuit court may appoint as many general magistrates from among
the members of the Bar in the circuit as the judges find necessary. When a reference is made to a magistrate. All depositions and documents that have been taken or used
previously in the action may be used before the magistrate. The order making an appointment shall be recorded. Process issued by a magistrate shall be
directed as provided by law. either party may set the action for hearing before the magistrate.490. Every person appointed
as a general magistrate shall take the oath required of officers by the Constitution and the oath shall be recorded
before the magistrate discharges any duties of that office.
(d) General Powers and Duties.
67
.
(g) Magistrate’s Report. All grounds of disqualification of a judge
shall apply to magistrates. Hearings before any magistrate. Any party may apply to the court for an order to the magistrate to speed the proceedings and to
make the report and to certify to the court the reason for any delay. Unless otherwise ordered by the court. When not otherwise provided by law. If any party fails to appear.
(f) Hearings.
(c) Reference. and other documents applicable to it and to examine on oath orally all witnesses produced by the parties. Every magistrate shall perform all of the duties that pertain to the office according to the practice in chancery and under the direction of the court. without the consent of the parties. examiner. either general or special. the magistrate may
proceed ex parte or may adjourn the proceeding to a future day.
(b) Special Magistrates.
(e) Bond.

provided that if such party has filed or served any paper in the action. (g). A party may plead or otherwise defend at any time before default is entered. Subdivision (d) eliminates the right of the parties to
stipulate to the place of hearing. or other representative who has appeared in it or unless the court has made an order
under rule 1. The vague general
authority of the magistrate under subdivision (g) is made specific by limiting it to actions that the court could take.
RULE 1. If exceptions are filed. the clerk will now be required to file them and merely notify the party that a default
has been entered. the court shall take appropriate action on the report. and (i) are combined. Obsolete language has been omitted and changes made to meet objections shown by
the use of local rules in many circuits. if any. 1954). Subdivision (g) is the same as former subdivision (k) after eliminating the reference
to affidavits.
Instead of returning the papers to the party in default.
(e) Final Judgment. The consent of all parties is required for any reference to a special master. the party seeking relief may have the clerk enter a default against the party failing to serve or file
such paper. The right to
use affidavits is eliminated because of the unavailability of cross-examination and possible constitutional questions.
DEFAULTS AND FINAL JUDGMENTS THEREON
(a) By the Clerk. the court
may receive affidavits. Subdivision (j) is repealed because it is covered in the new subdivision (f). the court may enter a default
against such party. If a party in
default files any paper after the default is entered. of the filing of any paper upon the default and the propriety of entering final judgment without notice to the party against whom the default was entered. Special masters may be used as provided
by statute even with the rule change.540(b). Notice. Subdivision (h) is the same as former subdivision (l). When a party against whom affirmative relief is sought has failed to plead or otherwise defend as provided by these rules or any applicable statute or any order of court.500. that party shall be
served with notice of the application for default. See Slatcoff v. but no judgment
may be entered against an infant or incompetent person unless represented in the action by a general guardian. The magistrate shall file the report and serve copies on the parties. Dezen.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment. conservator. 74 So.
(d) Setting aside Default.
The parties may serve exceptions to the report within 10 days from the time it is served on them. the court may set it aside in accordance with rule 1. 2d 59 (Fla. Final judgments after default may be entered by the court at any time.
This is to enable the court to judge the effect. Subdivision (e) is not substantially changed. Subdivision (c) is amended to change the method by which the clerk handles papers filed after a default is entered.
they shall be heard on reasonable notice by either party. (h). Subdivisions (a) and (b) are not substantially changed.
(b) By the Court. When a party against whom affirmative relief is sought has failed to file or serve any paper
in the action.
(c) Right to Plead. Exceptions. or conduct hearings as it deems necessary and shall accord a right of
trial by jury to the parties when required by the Constitution or any statute. Subdivisions (f). and if a final judgment consequent thereon has
been entered.
1980 Amendment.(h) Filing Report.
committee.210(b) providing that no representative is necessary for the infant or incompetent. The
clerk shall make an entry on the progress docket showing the notification. If it is necessary
to take an account or to determine the amount of damages or to establish the truth of any averment by evidence
or to make an investigation of any other matter to enable the court to enter judgment or to effectuate it. the clerk shall notify the party of the entry of the default. The party can then take whatever action the party believes is appropriate. If no exceptions are filed within that period. make references. Subdivision (c) is shortened and eliminates the
useless priority for setting the matter for hearing to permit either party to go forward. The entire rule has been revised. The court may set aside a default.
Committee Notes
1971 Amendment.
68
. Subdivision (d) is amended to delete the specific reference to the direction of process so that process issued by the
master will be governed by the law applicable to process generally.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment.

(g) Affidavits Made in Bad Faith. and directing such further proceedings in the action as are just. shall ascertain. including the extent to which the amount of damages or other relief is
not in controversy. if practicable. To the extent that summary judgment evidence has not already been filed with the court. Further Testimony. and the trial or final hearing shall be conducted
accordingly. any summary judgment evidence on which the adverse party relies. The court may permit affidavits to
be supplemented or opposed by depositions.m. may be rendered on the issue of liability alone although there is a
genuine issue as to the amount of damages. shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence. 2 business days prior to the day of hearing. On motion under this rule if judgment is not rendered upon the
whole case or for all the relief asked and a trial or the taking of testimony and a final hearing is necessary. It shall thereupon make an order specifying the facts that
appear without substantial controversy. or by delivery to
the movant’s attorney no later than 5:00 p. crossclaim. and any
69
. or third-party claim is
asserted or a declaratory judgment is sought may move for a summary judgment in that party’s favor as to all or
any part thereof at any time with or without supporting affidavits. The movant shall serve the motion at least 20 days before the
time fixed for the hearing. If it appears from the affidavits of a party opposing the motion that
the party cannot for reasons stated present by affidavit facts essential to justify opposition. including reasonable attorneys’ fees. the
court at the hearing of the motion. The motion shall state with particularity the grounds upon which it is
based and the substantial matters of law to be argued and shall specifically identify any affidavits. answers to interrogatories.
(c) Motion and Proceedings Thereon. counterclaim.
(f) When Affidavits Are Unavailable. crossclaim. by examining the pleadings and the evidence before it and by interrogating
counsel. or delivered no later than 5:00
p. and shall show affirmatively that the
affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein. interlocutory in character. On the trial or final hearing
of the action the facts so specified shall be deemed established. admissions. 2 business days prior to the day of the hearing. by notice
mailed to the movant’s attorney at least 5 days prior to the day of the hearing.m. the court may refuse
the application for judgment or may order a continuance to permit affidavits to be obtained or depositions to be
taken or discovery to be had or may make such other order as is just. A party against whom a claim. The judgment sought
shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings and summary judgment evidence on file show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.
SUMMARY JUDGMENT
(a) For Claimant.510. the adverse
party shall serve a copy on the movant by mail at least 5 days prior to the day of the hearing. or third-party claim or
to obtain a declaratory judgment may move for a summary judgment in that party’s favor upon all or any part
thereof with or without supporting affidavits at any time after the expiration of 20 days from the commencement of the action or after service of a motion for summary judgment by the adverse party. or by further affidavits. Supporting and opposing affidavits shall be made on personal
knowledge. A
summary judgment. If it appears to the satisfaction of the court at any time that any of the affidavits presented pursuant to this rule are presented in bad faith or solely for the purpose of delay. answers to
interrogatories. counterclaim. the court
shall forthwith order the party employing them to pay to the other party the amount of the reasonable expenses
which the filing of the affidavits caused the other party to incur.
(b) For Defending Party. what material facts exist without substantial controversy and what material facts are actually and in good faith controverted. depositions. and shall also serve at that time a copy of any summary judgment evidence on which
the movant relies that has not already been filed with the court. and other materials as would be admissible in evidence (“summary
judgment evidence”) on which the movant relies.
(d) Case Not Fully Adjudicated on Motion. Sworn or certified copies of all papers or parts thereof referred to in an affidavit shall be attached thereto or served therewith. A party seeking to recover upon a claim.
(e) Form of Affidavits.RULE 1. The adverse party shall identify.

573 So. Subdivision (c) has been amended to require a movant to state with particularity the grounds and legal authority
which the movant will rely upon in seeking summary judgment.
prior to the day of the hearing on a motion for summary judgment. The amendment to subdivision (c) will require timely service of opposing affidavits. the court
may open the judgment if one has been entered.
(c) Time for Serving Affidavits. Subdivision (c) has been amended to ensure that the moving party and the adverse party are each given advance notice of and. or thing relating to the controversy between the parties when it appears that view is necessary to a just
decision. or both. or both shall serve a motion no later than 30 days
after filing of the judgment.530.
2005 Amendment. but the party making the motion shall advance a sum sufficient to defray the expenses of the jury and
the officer who attends them in taking the view. take additional testimony. attorneys’ fees. A new trial may be granted to all or any of the parties and on all or a part of
the issues. When a motion for a new trial is based on affidavits. where appropriate. the affidavits shall be
served with the motion.
Court Commentary
2000 Adoption.
RULE 1. Downs. attorneys’ fees. which period may be extended for an additional period not exceeding 20 days either by the court for
70
. or the service of a notice of voluntary dismissal. and enter a new judgment.offending party or attorney may be adjudged guilty of contempt. A timely motion
may be amended to state new grounds in the discretion of the court at any time before the motion is determined.
RULE 1. This rule is intended to establish a time requirement to serve motions for costs and attorneys’ fees. which expense shall be taxed as costs if the party who advanced it prevails.
RULE 1. A motion for new trial or for rehearing shall be served not later than 10 days after the
return of the verdict in a jury action or the date of filing of the judgment in a non-jury action.
VIEW
Upon motion of either party the jury may be taken to view the premises or place in question or any property.
MOTIONS FOR NEW TRIAL AND REHEARING.
Committee Notes
1976 Amendment. 2d 835 (Fla. This rule only establishes time requirements for serving motions for costs. On a motion for a rehearing of matters heard without a jury.
matter. and in no way affects
or overrules the pleading requirements outlined by this Court in Stockman v.520.
AMENDMENTS OF JUDGMENTS
(a) Jury and Non-Jury Actions.
(b) Time for Motion.
MOTIONS FOR COSTS AND ATTORNEYS’ FEES
Any party seeking a judgment taxing costs.
1992 Amendment. The opposing party has 10 days after such service within which to serve opposing affidavits.140(b) with respect to motions to dismiss.
which judgment or notice concludes the action as to that party.
Committee Notes
2000 Adoption. including a judgment of dismissal. 1991). whether by mail or by delivery. This amendment will eliminate surprise and bring the summary judgment
rule into conformity with the identical provision in rule 1. copies of the evidentiary material on which the other party relies in connection with a summary judgment
motion. including summary judgments.525.

if any. or to alter or amend the judgment. In subdivision (e). as the court orders.
(2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a
new trial or rehearing. decree. decrees. or
other misconduct of an adverse party.
(f) Order Granting to Specify Grounds. If such an order is appealed and does not state the specific grounds. During the pendency of an appeal such mistakes may be so corrected before the record on appeal is docketed in the appellate court. and thereafter while the
appeal is pending may be so corrected with leave of the appellate court. the court may relieve a party or a party’s legal representative from a final judgment. (4) that the judgment or decree is void. the sufficiency of the evidence to support the judgment may be raised on appeal whether or not the party
raising the question has made any objection thereto in the trial court or made a motion for rehearing. Excusable Neglect.540. or proceeding was entered or taken. or it is no longer equitable that the judgment or decree should have prospective
application. Newly Discovered Evidence. or a prior judgment or decree upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated. Non-Jury Case. Not later than 10 days after entry of judgment or within the time of ruling on a
timely motion for a rehearing or a new trial made by a party. or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake. When an action has been tried by the court without a
jury.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment.
(e) When Motion Is Unnecessary. surprise. This rule does not limit the power
of a court to entertain an independent action to relieve a party from a judgment. the appellate court shall relinquish
its jurisdiction to the trial court for entry of an order specifying the grounds for granting the new trial. (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic). A motion under this subdivision
does not affect the finality of a judgment or decree or suspend its operation. decree. for new
trial. order.
RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT.
RULE 1. order.
There is no change in the time for serving a motion for new trial in a jury action. or other parts of the record and errors therein
arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any time on its own initiative or on the motion of any party and after such notice. and for reasons (1).good cause shown or by the parties by written stipulation. Inadvertence. and (3) not more than 1
year after the judgment. (2). All orders granting a new trial shall specify the specific grounds
therefor. A motion to alter or amend the judgment shall be served not
later than 10 days after entry of the judgment. DECREES. Clerical mistakes in judgments. except the motion may be served before the rendition of
the judgment.
(b) Mistakes. the reference to assignments of error is eliminated to conform to amendments to the Florida Rules
of Appellate Procedure.
decree.
Committee Notes
1992 Amendment. etc. The motion shall be filed within a reasonable time. OR ORDERS
(a) Clerical Mistakes.540(b). It specifies that the date of filing as shown on the face of the judgment in a non-jury action is the date from which the time for serving a motion for rehearing is calculated. inadvertence. On motion and
upon such terms as are just.
(g) Motion to Alter or Amend a Judgment. Fraud. except that this rule does not affect the remedies in rule 1. or (5) that the judgment or decree
has been satisfied. The court may permit reply affidavits. or discharged. released. misrepresentation. the court of its own initiative may order a rehearing or a new trial for any reason for which it might have granted a rehearing or a new trial on motion of a party. or excusable neglect. order. or proceeding or
71
.
(d) On Initiative of Court. Subdivision (b): This clarifies the time in which a motion for rehearing may be served.

and if a motion for new trial or rehearing is timely served. the court.”
(d) Information Regarding Assets of Judgment Debtor’s Spouse. and bills of review and bills in the nature of a bill of review are abolished.
RULE 1.550.
RULE 1.560.
(c) Final Judgment Enforcement Paragraph.977 (Fact Information Sheet). unless the final judgment is satisfied or postjudgment discovery is stayed. Subdivision (b) is amended to remove the 1-year limitation for a motion under this rule based on fraudulent financial
affidavits in marital cases. including all required attachments.977. In addition to any other discovery available to a judgment creditor under this
rule. may obtain discovery from any person. or the judgment creditor if the judgment creditor is not represented by an attorney. No execution or other final process shall issue until
the judgment on which it is based has been recorded nor within the time for serving a motion for new trial or
rehearing. and serve it on the judgment creditor’s attorney. including all required attachments. In aid of a judgment.to set aside a judgment or decree for fraud upon the court. Failure to obey the order may be considered contempt of court. if requested by
72
. Executions on judgments shall issue during the life of the judgment on the oral request of the
party entitled to it or that party’s attorney without praecipe.
(b) Fact Information Sheet.
EXECUTIONS AND FINAL PROCESS
(a) Issuance.
Jurisdiction of this case is retained to enter further orders that are proper to compel the judgment debtor(s)
to complete form 1.
Writs of coram nobis. provided execution
or other final process may be issued on special order of the court at any time after judgment. audita querela.
or the judgment creditor if the judgment creditor is not represented by an attorney. within 45 days of the order or such other reasonable time as
determined by the court. decree. the judge shall include the following
enforcement paragraph if requested by the prevailing party or attorney:
“It is further ordered and adjudged that the judgment debtor(s) shall complete under oath Florida Rule of
Civil Procedure Form 1.
DISCOVERY IN AID OF EXECUTION
(a) In General.
2003 Amendment. in
the manner provided in these rules. and serve it on the
judgment creditor’s attorney. within 45 days from the date of this final judgment. until it is determined. shall order the judgment debtor or debtors to complete
form 1. including all required attachments.
(b) Stay. at the request of the judgment creditor. coram vobis. The court before which an execution or other process based on a final judgment is returnable may
stay such execution or other process and suspend proceedings thereon for good cause on motion and notice to
all adverse parties. In any final judgment. or execution the judgment creditor or the successor in interest.
Committee Notes
1992 Amendment. Subdivision (b) is amended to clarify that motions must be filed. including the judgment debtor. and the procedure for obtaining any relief from a judgment or decree shall be by motion as
prescribed in these rules or by an independent action.977. In any final judgment.
when that interest appears of record.

2000 Amendment. Fla. or other appropriate
process or proceedings for other property. 2d 177. 179 (Fla.280(b). If the act is not performed
within the time specified. If the
delinquent party cannot be found. v. 1. Inc.the judgment creditor. D’Amato. The delinquent party shall not be released from the writ of attachment until that
party has complied with the judgment and paid all costs accruing because of the failure to perform the act. or acquittance of real or personal
property. The writ of sequestration shall not be dissolved until the delinquent party complies with the judgment. Civ. 2d at 179. R.
73
. The judgment debtor shall file with the clerk of court a notice of compliance with
the order to complete form 1.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment. If judgment is for the performance of a specific act or contract:
(1) the judgment shall specify the time within which the act shall be performed.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.
RULE 1.
(c) Performance of an Act. transfer.
(d) Vesting Title. writ of garnishment.221(a) and Form 7. the party seeking enforcement of the judgment shall file an affidavit to this
effect and the court shall issue a writ of sequestration against the delinquent party’s property. distress writ. 526 So. Subdivision (d) is partly derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 70. Subdivisions (b)–(e) were added and patterned after Florida Small Claims Rule 7. The rule is expanded to permit discovery in any manner permitted by the rules and conforms to the 1970 change in
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 69(a). or
(3) the court may appoint some person.570. 3d DCA 1976). A judgment under this subdivision shall be effective
notwithstanding any disability of a party. Tru-Arc.977 as ordered may be considered contempt of court. writ of garnishment.
The performance of the act by the person appointed shall have the same effect as if performed by the party
against whom the judgment was entered.
v. P. Final process to enforce a judgment solely for the payment of money shall be by execution. 2d DCA 1988).
ENFORCEMENT OF FINAL JUDGMENTS
(a) Money Judgments. Liquid Extraction Systems.977. Final process to enforce a judgment for the recovery of property shall be by a writ of
possession for real property and by a writ of replevin. This rule has been subdivided and amended to make it more easily understood.
Failure to complete form 1. the party seeking enforcement of the judgment shall make an affidavit that the judgment has not been complied with within the prescribed time and the clerk shall issue a writ of attachment
against the delinquent party. or acquittance that
is recorded in the county where the judgment is recorded. the court shall include the additional Spouse Related Portion of the fact information sheet
upon a showing that a proper predicate exists for discovery of separate income and assets of the judgment debtor’s spouse. inquiry into the individual assets of the judgment debtor’s spouse
may be limited until a proper predicate has been shown. 338 So. 526 So.
(e) Notice of Compliance. If the judgment is for a conveyance. to perform the act insofar as practicable. Jim Appley’s Tru-Arc. Rose Printing Co. or other appropriate process or proceedings. transfer. release. not a party to the action. Inc. and serve a copy of the notice of compliance on the judgment creditor or the
judgment creditor’s attorney.343. No change in the substance of the rule
is intended.
(b) Property Recovery. 2d 212
(Fla.
(2) the court may hold the disobedient party in contempt. Although
the judgment creditor is entitled to broad discovery into the judgment debtor’s finances. release. the judgment shall have the effect of a duly executed conveyance.

RULE 1. or in whose favor an order has been
made. loss. may enforce obedience to such order by the same process as if that person were a party. not a party. If a person other than the party against whom the writ of possession is issued is in
possession of the property.610. There was inadvertently continued the difference between writs of assistance and writs of possession when law and
chancery procedure was consolidated. specifying the nature of the claim.
(1) A temporary injunction may be granted with-out written or oral notice to the adverse party only if:
(A) it appears from the specific facts shown by affidavit or verified pleading that immediate and irreparable injury.
RULE 1. When a judgment or order is for the delivery of possession of real property.
The amendment provides for issuance and the determination of third-party claims.
WRIT OF POSSESSION
(a) Issuance.590. if appropriate.580. a party may deposit all or any part of
such sum or thing with the court upon notice to every other party and by leave of court. that person may retain possession of the property by filing with the sheriff an affidavit that the person is entitled to possession of the property. and
(B) the movant’s attorney certifies in writing any efforts that have been made to give notice and the reasons why notice should not be required.
DEPOSITS IN COURT
In an action in which any part of the relief sought is a judgment for a sum of money or the disposition of a
sum of money or the disposition of any other thing capable of delivery.600. and every person.
(2) No evidence other than the affidavit or verified pleading shall be used to support the application for a
74
. Thereupon the
sheriff shall desist from enforcing the writ and shall serve a copy of the affidavit on the party causing issuance
of the writ of possession. The party causing issuance of the writ may apply to the court for an order directing the
sheriff to complete execution of the writ. The clerk shall issue the writ forthwith and deliver it to
the sheriff for execution. against whom obedience to any order may be enforced shall be liable to the same process for
enforcing obedience to such orders as if that person were a party. The only change is to shift the burden of the affidavit
from the person causing the writ to be executed to the third person who contends that its execution is inappropriate.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment. or damage will result to the movant before the adverse party can be heard in opposition.
(b) Third-Party Claims. Writs of assistance are combined with writs of possession.
INJUNCTIONS
(a) Temporary Injunction.
PROCESS IN BEHALF OF AND AGAINST PERSONS NOT PARTIES
Every person who is not a party to the action who has obtained an order. Money paid into court
under this rule shall be deposited and withdrawn by order of court. the judgment or
order shall direct the clerk to issue a writ of possession.
RULE 1. The amendment eliminates the distinction. The court shall determine the right of possession in the property and
shall order the sheriff to continue to execute the writ or shall stay execution of the writ.RULE 1.

Every receiver shall file in the clerk’s office a true and complete inventory under oath of the
75
. with or
without surety. shall describe in reasonable detail
the act or acts restrained without reference to a pleading or another document. These changes will restore injunction procedure to substantially the same as that existing before the 1980 change. The requirement of findings and reasons and other details in an injunctive order are retained. their officers. The trial on the merits can be consolidated with a hearing on issuance of a preliminary injunction. Motions to dissolve
may be made and heard at any time. the motion shall be heard within 5 days
after the movant applies for a hearing on the motion. This rule has been extensively amended so that it is similar to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65. conditioned for the payment of costs and damages sustained by the adverse party if the adverse party is wrongfully enjoined.
(b) Bond.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment. or political subdivision thereof. The attempt to balance the rights of the parties in 1980 failed because of court congestion and the
inability in the existing circumstances to accommodate the inflexible time limits. Every injunction shall specify the reasons for entry. When any injunction is issued on the pleading of a municipality or the state
or any officer. The requirement
that an injunction not be issued until a complaint was filed has been deleted as unnecessary. having due regard for the public interest. Considerable dissatisfaction arose on the adoption of the 1980 rule. and conditioned in the same manner. and
the trial can be advanced to accommodate this. of South Florida v. Every temporary injunction granted without notice shall be endorsed with the date and hour of entry
and shall be filed forthwith in the clerk’s office and shall define the injury. The contents of an injunctive order are specified. If a party moves to dissolve or modify.270(a). the court may require or dispense with a bond. and attorneys and on those persons in active concert or participation with them who receive actual notice of the injunction. The temporary injunction shall remain in effect until the further order of the court. A party against whom a temporary injunction has been granted may move to dissolve or modify it at any time. The rule now provides for a temporary restraining order without notice that
will expire automatically unless a hearing on a preliminary injunction is held and a preliminary injunction granted. and give the reasons why the order was granted without notice if notice was not given. 2d 962 (Fla.620. The binding effect of an injunctive order is specified. See Sun Tech Inc.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.
RECEIVERS
(a) Notice.610 as to notice shall apply to applications for the appointment of receivers. Former
subdivisions (a). No temporary injunction shall be entered unless a bond is given by the movant in an amount the
court deems proper. if
the circumstances have changed since the issuance of the injunctive order. The
former procedure of temporary and permanent injunctions is restored.
(c) Form and Scope. employees. but does not change existing law. Fortune Personnel Agency of Fort Lauderdale. The provisions of rule 1. The right of the court to consolidate the hearing on a temporary injunction with the trial of the action is not affected because that can still be accomplished under rule
1. servants. This provision emphasizes the importance of a prompt determination of the propriety of injunctive relief granted without notice or. agency.
Subdivision (b) eliminates the need for a bond on a temporary injunction issued to prevent physical injury or abuse of a natural person.
(b) Report. No bond shall be
required for issuance of a temporary injunction issued solely to prevent physical injury or abuse of a natural
person. particularly because of the creation of the temporary restraining order with its inflexible time limits.
Subdivision (e) institutes a requirement that a motion to dissolve an injunction shall be heard within 5 days after the movant applies
for it. and shall be binding on the parties to the action.
(d) Motion to Dissolve. the need for speedy relief as a result of the changes. and (b)(4) have been repealed because the new procedure makes them superfluous.temporary injunction unless the adverse party appears at the hearing or has received reasonable notice of the
hearing. (b)(3). state findings by the court why the
injury may be irreparable.
RULE 1. The temporary restraining order terminology and procedure is abolished. A pleading seeking an injunction or temporary
restraining order must still be filed before either can be entered.
412 So. agents. 4th DCA 1982).

property coming under the receiver’s control or possession under the receiver’s appointment within 20 days
after appointment. Every 3 months unless the court otherwise orders, the receiver shall file in the same office an
inventory and account under oath of any additional property or effects which the receiver has discovered or
which shall have come to the receiver’s hands since appointment, and of the amount remaining in the hands of
or invested by the receiver, and of the manner in which the same is secured or invested, stating the balance due
from or to the receiver at the time of rendering the last account and the receipts and expenditures since that
time. When a receiver neglects to file the inventory and account, the court shall enter an order requiring the receiver to file such inventory and account and to pay out of the receiver’s own funds the expenses of the order
and the proceedings thereon within not more than 20 days after being served with a copy of such order.
(c) Bond. The court may grant leave to put the bond of the receiver in suit against the sureties without notice
to the sureties of the application for such leave.

RULE 1.625.

PROCEEDINGS AGAINST SURETY ON JUDICIAL BONDS

When any rule or statute requires or permits giving of bond by a party in a judicial proceeding, the surety on
the bond submits to the jurisdiction of the court when the bond is approved. The surety shall furnish the address
for the service of papers affecting the surety’s liability on the bond to the officer to whom the bond is given at
that time. The liability of the surety may be enforced on motion without the necessity of an independent action.
The motion shall be served on the surety at the address furnished to the officer. The surety shall serve a response to the motion within 20 days after service of the motion, asserting any defenses in law or in fact. If the
surety fails to serve a response within the time allowed, a default may be taken. If the surety serves a response,
the issues raised shall be decided by the court on reasonable notice to the parties. The right to jury trial shall not
be abridged in any such proceedings.
Committee Notes
1990 Adoption. This rule is intended to avoid the necessity of an independent action against a surety on judicial bonds. It does not abolish an independent action if the obligee prefers to file one.

RULE 1.630.

EXTRAORDINARY REMEDIES

(a) Applicability. This rule applies to actions for the issuance of writs of mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, certiorari, and habeas corpus.
(b) Initial Pleading. The initial pleading shall be a complaint. It shall contain:
(1) the facts on which the plaintiff relies for relief;
(2) a request for the relief sought; and
(3) if desired, argument in support of the petition with citations of authority.
The caption shall show the action filed in the name of the plaintiff in all cases and not on the relation of the
state. When the complaint seeks a writ directed to a lower court or to a governmental or administrative agency,
a copy of as much of the record as is necessary to support the plaintiff’s complaint shall be attached.
(c) Time. A complaint shall be filed within the time provided by law, except that a complaint for common
law certiorari shall be filed within 30 days of rendition of the matter sought to be reviewed.
(d) Process. If the complaint shows a prima facie case for relief, the court shall issue:

76

(1) a summons in certiorari;
(2) an order nisi in prohibition;
(3) an alternative writ in mandamus that may incorporate the complaint by reference only;
(4) a writ of quo warranto; or
(5) a writ of habeas corpus.
The writ shall be served in the manner prescribed by law, except the summons in certiorari shall be served as
provided in rule 1.080(b).
(e) Response. Defendant shall respond to the writ as provided in rule 1.140, but the answer in quo warranto
shall show better title to the office when the writ seeks an adjudication of the right to an office held by the defendant.
Court Commentary
1984 Amendment. Rule 1.630 replaces rules and statutes used before 1980 when the present Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure were
adopted. Experience has shown that rule 9.100 is not designed for use in trial court. The times for proceeding, the methods of proceeding,
and the general nature of the procedure is appellate and presumes that the proceeding is basically an appellate proceeding. When the extraordinary remedies are sought in the trial court, these items do not usually exist and thus the rule is difficult to apply. The uniform procedure concept of rule 9.100 has been retained with changes making the procedure fit trial court procedure. The requirement of attaching a
copy of the record in subdivision (b) may not be possible within the time allowed for the initial pleading because of the unavailability of the
record. In that event the plaintiff should file a motion to extend the time to allow the preparation of the record and supply it when prepared.
The filing of a motion to extend the time should be sufficient to extend it until the motion can be decided by the court.

RULE 1.650.

MEDICAL MALPRACTICE PRESUIT SCREENING RULE

(a) Scope of Rule. This rule applies only to the procedures prescribed by section 766.106, Florida Statutes,
for presuit screening of claims for medical malpractice.
(b) Notice.
(1) Notice of intent to initiate litigation sent by certified mail to and received by any prospective defendant
shall operate as notice to the person and any other prospective defendant who bears a legal relationship to the
prospective defendant receiving the notice. The notice shall make the recipient a party to the proceeding under
this rule.
(2) The notice shall include the names and addresses of all other parties and shall be sent to each party.
(3) The court shall decide the issue of receipt of notice when raised in a motion to dismiss or to abate an action for medical malpractice.
(c) Discovery.
(1) Types. Upon receipt by a prospective defendant of a notice of intent to initiate litigation, the parties
may obtain presuit screening discovery by one or more of the following methods: unsworn statements upon oral
examination; production of documents or things; and physical examinations. Unless otherwise provided in this
rule, the parties shall make discoverable information available without formal discovery. Evidence of failure to
comply with this rule may be grounds for dismissal of claims or defenses ultimately asserted.
(2) Procedures for Conducting.

77

(A) Unsworn Statements. The parties may require other parties to appear for the taking of an unsworn
statement. The statements shall only be used for the purpose of presuit screening and are not discoverable or
admissible in any civil action for any purpose by any party. A party desiring to take the unsworn statement of
any party shall give reasonable notice in writing to all parties. The notice shall state the time and place for taking the statement and the name and address of the party to be examined. Unless otherwise impractical, the examination of any party shall be done at the same time by all other parties. Any party may be represented by an
attorney at the taking of an unsworn statement. Statements may be electronically or stenographically recorded,
or recorded on video tape. The taking of unsworn statements of minors is subject to the provisions of rule
1.310(b)(8). The taking of unsworn statements is subject to the provisions of rule 1.310(d) and may be terminated for abuses. If abuses occur, the abuses shall be evidence of failure of that party to comply with the good
faith requirements of section 766.106, Florida Statutes.
(B) Documents or Things. At any time after receipt by a party of a notice of intent to initiate litigation, a
party may request discoverable documents or things. The documents or things shall be produced at the expense
of the requesting party within 20 days of the date of receipt of the request. A party is required to produce discoverable documents or things within that party’s possession or control. Copies of documents produced in response to the request of any party shall be served on all other parties. The party serving the documents shall list
the name and address of the parties upon whom the documents were served, the date of service, the manner of
service, and the identity of the document served in the certificate of service. Failure of a party to comply with
the above time limits shall not relieve that party of its obligation under the statute but shall be evidence of failure of that party to comply with the good faith requirements of section 766.106, Florida Statutes.
(C) Physical Examinations. Upon receipt by a party of a notice of intent to initiate litigation and within
the presuit screening period, a party may require a claimant to submit to a physical examination. The party shall
give reasonable notice in writing to all parties of the time and place of the examination. Unless otherwise impractical, a claimant shall be required to submit to only one examination on behalf of all parties. The practicality
of a single examination shall be determined by the nature of the claimant’s condition as it relates to the potential
liability of each party. The report of examination shall be made available to all parties upon payment of the reasonable cost of reproduction. The report shall not be provided to any person not a party at any time. The report
shall only be used for the purpose of presuit screening and the examining physician may not testify concerning
the examination in any subsequent civil action. All requests for physical examinations or notices of unsworn
statements shall be in writing and a copy served upon all parties. The requests or notices shall bear a certificate
of service identifying the name and address of the person upon whom the request or notice is served, the date of
the request or notice, and the manner of service. Any minor required to submit to examination pursuant to this
rule shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all times during the examination, except
upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material, negative impact on the
minor’s examination.
(3) Work Product. Work product generated by the presuit screening process that is subject to exclusion in
a subsequent proceeding is limited to verbal or written communications that originate pursuant to the presuit
screening process.
(d) Time Requirements.
(1) The notice of intent to initiate litigation shall be served by certified mail, return receipt requested, prior
to the expiration of any applicable statute of limitations or statute of repose. If an extension has been granted
under section 766.104(2), Florida Statutes, or by agreement of the parties, the notice shall be served within the
extended period.
(2) The action may not be filed against any defendant until 90 days after the notice of intent to initiate litigation was mailed to that party. The action may be filed against any party at any time after the notice of intent
to initiate litigation has been mailed after the claimant has received a written rejection of the claim from that
party.

78

(2) the issue presents a question of law only. in-
79
. The movant shall set the motion to defer for hearing prior to the
scheduled date for mediation or arbitration.
(c) Motion to Defer Mediation or Arbitration.28(6)(a). and place. if:
(1) the issue to be considered has been previously mediated or arbitrated between the same parties pursuant
to Florida law. the court or its designee. 745 So. the presiding judge may enter an order referring all or any part of a contested civil matter to mediation or arbitration.106(4).
(2) Notice. whichever is longer. 1988). to dispense with mediation or arbitration. time.2d 193. after the earliest of the following:
(A) The expiration of 90 days after the date of receipt of the notice of intent to initiate litigation. and place of
the conference or hearing unless the order of referral specifies the date.2d
958 (Fla. The parties to any contested civil matter may file a written stipulation to mediate or arbitrate
any issue between them at any time. time.
(3) the order violates rule 1. Florida Statutes. within 15 days after the order
of referral.
(C) Receipt by claimant of a written rejection of the claim. Florida Statutes. the first mediation conference or
arbitration hearing shall be held within 60 days of the order of referral.700. Parham.
(B) The expiration of 180 days after mailing of the notice of intent to initiate litigation if the claim is controlled by section 768. Except as hereinafter provided or as otherwise prohibited by law. The reference to the statute of repose was added to subdivision (d)(1) pursuant to Musculoskeletal Institute Chartered
v. Unless otherwise ordered by the court. A party may move. revised 536 So. Such stipulation shall be incorporated into the order of referral.800.
1988 Editor’s Note: This rule was added in In re: Medical Malpractice Presuit Screening Rules — Civil Rules of Procedure. shall notify the parties in writing of the date.
(b) Motion to Dispense with Mediation and Arbitration. or
(4) other good cause is shown. 1999).
RULE 1.(3) To avoid being barred by the applicable statute of limitations.
(D) The expiration of any extension of the 90-day presuit screening period stipulated to by the parties in
accordance with section 766. 531 So.
RULES COMMON TO MEDIATION AND ARBITRATION
(a) Referral by Presiding Judge or by Stipulation.2d 946 (Fla.710(b) or rule 1. Notice of the hearing shall be provided to all interested parties.
who may be the mediator or the chief arbitrator. Within 15 days of the order of referral.
Committee Notes
2000 Amendment. any party may file a
motion with the court to defer the proceeding. Within 15 days after the designation of the mediator or the arbitrator. an action must be filed within 60 days or
within the remainder of the time of the statute of limitations after the notice of intent to initiate litigation was
received.
(1) Conference or Hearing Date.

Any party may move to enter an order disqualifying a
mediator or an arbitrator for good cause. Mediation shall be completed within 45 days of the first mediation conference
unless extended by order of the court or by stipulation of the parties.cluding any mediator or arbitrator who has been appointed. A civil action may be ordered to mediation or mediation in conjunction with arbitration upon motion of any party or by the court. Time for completing mediation shall be tolled
during any periods when mediation is interrupted pending resolution of such a motion.
(2) Habeas corpus and extraordinary writs. and amended in 563 So.
1990 Editor’s Note: Rules 1. A civil action shall be ordered to mediation or mediation in conjunction
with arbitration upon stipulation of the parties. The motion shall set forth.700–1. Florida Statutes.
RULE 1. the court upon motion shall impose sanctions. Mediation shall continue while such a motion is pending absent a contrary order of the court.
RULE 1.
Committee Notes
1994 Amendment.
MEDIATION PROCEDURES
(a) Interim or Emergency Relief. 1990).301–.
(c) Discovery. including an award of mediator and attorneys’
fees and other costs.
(3) Bond validations.720. The Supreme Court Committee on Mediation and Arbitration Rules encourages crafting a combination of dispute
resolution processes without creating an unreasonable barrier to the traditional court system. Nothing in this provision
shall preclude mediators or arbitrators from disqualifying themselves or refusing any assignment. The time for
mediation or arbitration shall be tolled during any periods in which a motion to disqualify is pending.2d 85 (Fla. In re Proposed Rules for Implementation of Florida
Statutes Sections 44.830 were adopted in Rules of Civil Procedure. that party shall be deemed to appear at a mediation
80
.
(d) Disqualification of a Mediator or Arbitrator.2d 908 (Fla. Under no circumstances may the
following categories of actions be referred to mediation:
(1) Bond estreatures. in detail.710. if the judge determines the action to be of
such a nature that mediation could be of benefit to the litigants or the court. Mediation or arbitration shall be tolled until disposition of the motion. If a party to mediation is a public entity required to conduct its business pursuant to chapter 286.
(b) Sanctions for Failure to Appear. or a decision
of the mediator to adjourn pending disposition of the motion. If a party fails to appear at a duly noticed mediation conference without good cause. A party may apply to the court for interim or emergency relief at any
time. an order shall be entered setting forth the name of a qualified replacement. against the party failing to appear.306. 518 So. the mediation process shall not suspend discovery. 1987).
MEDIATION RULES
(a) Completion of Mediation. the facts and
circumstances supporting the motion.
(b) Exclusions from Mediation.
(4) Civil or criminal contempt. Unless stipulated by the parties or ordered by the court.
(5) Other matters as may be specified by administrative order of the chief judge in the circuit. If the court rules that a mediator or arbitrator is disqualified from hearing a case.

or
(B) a mediator.710(a). the parties may agree upon a stipulation with the court designating:
(A) a certified mediator.
the mediator shall be compensated at the hourly rate set by the presiding judge in the referral order. and the
court shall appoint a certified mediator selected by rotation or by such other procedures as may be adopted by
administrative order of the chief judge in the circuit in which the action is pending. mediation may proceed in the absence of counsel unless otherwise ordered by the court. a party is deemed to appear at a mediation conference if
the following persons are physically present:
(1) The party or its representative having full authority to settle without further consultation. A mediator shall not mediate a case
assigned to another mediator without the agreement of the parties or approval of the court. No further notification is required for parties present at the adjourned conference. each party shall pay a proportionate share of the total charges of the mediator. without further consultation. the court shall appoint a certified circuit court mediator who is a member of The Florida Bar.
81
.
(1) Within 10 days of the order of referral.
(g) Compensation of the Mediator. A substitute mediator
shall have the same qualifications as the original mediator. Otherwise. the plaintiff or petitioner shall so notify the court within 10 days of the expiration of the period to agree on a mediator. Parties may object to
the rate of the mediator’s compensation within 15 days of the order of referral by serving an objection on all
other parties and the mediator. is otherwise qualified by training or experience to mediate all or
some of the issues in the particular case. who is not certified as a mediator but who. The mediator may adjourn the mediation conference at any time and may set times for
reconvening the adjourned conference notwithstanding rule 1. Counsel shall be permitted to communicate privately with their clients. whichever is
less.
(d) Counsel. In the absence of a written agreement providing for the mediator’s compensation. The mediator may meet and consult privately with any party or parties or
their counsel.
(2) The party’s counsel of record. Where appropriate. The mediator may be compensated or uncompensated. a substitute mediator can
be agreed upon or appointed in the same manner as the original mediator.
(e) Communication with Parties.conference by the physical presence of a representative with full authority to negotiate on behalf of the entity
and to recommend settlement to the appropriate decision-making body of the entity. When the mediator is compensated in whole or part by the parties. other than a senior judge.
(3) A representative of the insurance carrier for any insured party who is not such carrier’s outside counsel
and who has full authority to settle up to the amount of the plaintiff’s last demand or policy limits. unless stipulated by the parties or changed by order of the court. The mediator shall at all times be in control of the mediation and the procedures to be followed
in the mediation.
(f) Appointment of the Mediator. In the discretion of the
mediator and with the agreement of the parties. the presiding judge may determine the reasonableness of the
fees charged by the mediator.
(3) If a mediator agreed upon by the parties or appointed by a court cannot serve. in the opinion of the
parties and upon review by the presiding judge. At the request of either party.
(c) Adjournments. if any.
(2) If the parties cannot agree upon a mediator within 10 days of the order of referral.

In county court actions not subject to the Florida Small Claims Rules. In the event of any breach or failure to perform under the agreement. and to prevent premature notification to the
court.720. 1.
RULE 1.
COUNTY COURT ACTIONS
(a) Applicability. With the consent
of the parties. When a mediation program utilizing volunteer mediators is unavailable or otherwise inappropriate.700. Florida Statutes.730. If a partial or final agreement is reached. If a party objects. In such event. the objecting
party’s ability to pay. In either event. A
report of the agreement shall be submitted to the court or a stipulation of dismissal shall be filed.
COMPLETION OF MEDIATION
(a) No Agreement. The mediator shall report the existence of the signed or transcribed agreement to the
court without comment within 10 days thereof. In small claims actions. it shall be reduced to writing and signed by the parties and their counsel. The reporting requirements
are intended to ensure the confidentiality provided for in section 44.
(d) Appointment of the Mediator. an attorney may appear on behalf of a party at mediation provided that the attorney has full authority to settle without further consultation. Unless otherwise ordered
by the court.710. a party will be
deemed to appear if the persons set forth in rule 1. and any other pertinent information in determining the propriety of the referral. the mediator shall report the lack of an agreement to the court without comment or recommendation. In small claims actions. the mediator shall be appointed and the mediation conference held
during or immediately after the pretrial conference unless otherwise ordered by the court. the mediator’s report may also identify any pending motions or outstanding legal issues. The court may consider the amount in controversy. No agreement under this rule shall be reported to the court except as provided herein. attorneys’ fees.
Committee Notes
1996 Amendment. mediation shall not be conducted until the court rules on the objection. and to specify the procedure for reporting mediated agreements to the court. Subdivision (b) is amended to provide for partial settlements. This rule applies to the mediation of county court matters and issues only and controls
over conflicting provisions in rules 1. and 1. discovery process. Such order of referral shall advise the parties that they may object to mediation on grounds
of financial hardship or on any ground set forth in rule 1.
(b) Limitation on Referral to Mediation.720(f) shall apply unless the case is sent to a mediation program provided at no cost to the parties. a nonlawyer representative may appear on behalf of a party to a small claims mediation if the representative has the party’s signed written authority to appear and has full authority to settle without further consultation. or other appropriate remedies including
entry of judgment on the agreement. if any. In any other county court action. In no event shall the
mediation conference be held more than 14 days after the pretrial conference.
(c) Imposition of Sanctions. 1. or other action by any party which. would facilitate the possibility of a
settlement.
(b) Agreement. The agreement shall be filed when required by law or with the parties’ consent. If the parties do not reach an agreement as to any matter as a result of mediation.
(c) Scheduling.
rule 1. the transcript
may be filed with the court.
82
. the court
upon motion may impose sanctions. to clarify the procedure for concluding mediation by
report or stipulation of dismissal.RULE 1. When
appropriate. the court shall apportion mediation fees between the parties.750.
(e) Appearance at Mediation.700(b).102(3). the agreement may be electronically or stenographically recorded. county court matters may be referred to a mediator or mediation program
which charges a fee. if resolved or completed. including costs. By stipulation
of the parties.730.720(b) are physically present. the party need not appear in person.

810.820. Where there is only one arbitrator.
SELECTION AND COMPENSATION OF ARBITRATORS
(a) Selection. The stipulation may be entered as an order of the court. if the judge determines the action to be of such a nature that arbitration could
be of benefit to the litigants or the court.
HEARING PROCEDURES FOR NON-BINDING ARBITRATION
(a) Authority of the Chief Arbitrator.800. The chief judge of each judicial circuit shall establish the compensation of arbitrators
subject to the limitations in section 44.
(3) Bond validations.103(3). A civil action may be ordered to arbitration or arbitration in conjunction with mediation upon motion of any party or by the court. Cases assigned to arbitration shall be assigned to an arbitrator or to a panel of 3
arbitrators. that person shall be the chief
arbitrator.
RULE 1. one of the arbitrators shall be appointed as the chief arbitrator. The
chief arbitrator shall not have authority to hold any person in contempt or to in any way impose sanctions
against any person. The chief arbitrator shall have authority to commence and adjourn
the arbitration hearing and carry out other such duties as are prescribed by section 44. Any agreements reached as a result of small claims mediation shall be written in the form of
a stipulation.
(b) Conduct of the Arbitration Hearing.
RULE 1.
Committee Notes
2003 Amendment.
(5) Such other matters as may be specified by order of the chief judge in the circuit. The court shall determine the number of arbitrators and designate them within 15 days after service
of the order of referral in the absence of an agreement by the parties.
EXCLUSIONS FROM ARBITRATION
A civil action shall be ordered to arbitration or arbitration in conjunction with mediation upon stipulation of
the parties.
(2) Habeas corpus or other extraordinary writs.
(1) The chief judge of each judicial circuit shall set procedures for determining the time and place of the
83
. The statutory reference in subdivision (b) is changed to reflect changes in the statutory numbering. The chief judge of the circuit or a designee shall maintain a list of qualified persons who have
agreed to serve as arbitrators. Florida Statutes.
(4) Civil or criminal contempt. The Supreme Court Committee on Mediation and Arbitration Rules encourages crafting a combination of dispute
resolution processes without creating an unreasonable barrier to the traditional court system.103. In the case of a panel.
(b) Compensation. Under no circumstances may the following categories of actions be
referred to arbitration:
(1) Bond estreatures.(f) Agreement. Florida Statutes.
RULE 1.
Committee Notes
1994 Amendment.

(2) Hearing procedures shall be included in the notice of arbitration hearing sent to the parties and arbitration panel. The chief arbitrator’s instructions are not appealable. The arbitration decision may set forth the issues in controversy and the arbitrator(’s)(s’) conclusions and findings of fact and law. the arbitrator(s) shall render a decision. the decision shall be referred to the presiding judge.arbitration hearing and may establish other procedures for the expeditious and orderly operation of the arbitration hearing to the extent such procedures are not in conflict with any rules of court. The court should consider such exceptions when determining whether
to award costs and attorneys’ fees. The court should take into account the nature of the proceedings when determining whether to award costs and attorneys’ fees after a trial de novo. Any party may file a motion for trial. the chief arbitrator may proceed with the
hearing and the arbitration panel shall render a decision based upon the facts and circumstances as presented by
the parties present. the arbitrator(s) shall notify the parties.
(f) Record and Transcript. and matters shall be presented to the arbitrator(s) primarily through the statements and arguments
of counsel.
(2) Upon the completion of the arbitration process. Any party may have a record and transcript made of the arbitration hearing at
that party’s expense.
(d) Orders. If a motion for trial is filed by
any party.
(e) Default of a Party.
(1) Arbitration shall be completed within 30 days of the first arbitration hearing unless extended by order
of the court on motion of the chief arbitrator or of a party. The Supreme Court Committee on Mediation and Arbitration Rules recommends that a copy of the local arbitration
procedures be disseminated to the local bar. who shall enter such orders and
judgments as may be required to carry out the terms of the decision as provided by section 44. When a party fails to appear at a hearing. In the case of a
panel.
(h) Time for Filing Motion for Trial. The hearing shall be conducted informally. as statements of public policy in deciding whether fees should be awarded.
Committee Notes
1988 Adoption. Instructions
enforced by a court order are appealable as are other orders of the court. a decision shall be final upon a majority vote of the panel.442 concerning offers of judgment and section 45. Arbitration proceedings should be informal and expeditious. The arbitrator(’s)(s’) decision and the originals of any transcripts shall be sealed and filed with the clerk at the time the parties are notified of the decision.
84
.
(3) Individual parties or authorized representatives of corporate parties shall attend the arbitration hearing
unless excused in advance by the chief arbitrator for good cause shown. concerning offers of settlement. any party having a third-party claim at issue at the time of arbitration may file a motion for trial within 10 days of service of the first motion for trial. in writing. Upon notice to all parties the chief
arbitrator may apply to the presiding judge for orders directing compliance with such instructions. No extension of time shall be for a period exceeding
60 days from the date of the first arbitration hearing. The chief arbitrator may issue instructions as are necessary for the expeditious and orderly conduct of the hearing. Florida Statutes
(1985). of their decision.061. Presentation of testimony shall be kept to
a minimum.
1994 Amendment.
(3) Within 10 days of the final adjournment of the arbitration hearing. Florida
Statutes. If a motion for trial is not made within 20 days of service on
the parties of the decision. Counsel are free to file exceptions to an arbitration decision or award at the time it is to be considered by the court.
(c) Rules of Evidence.103(5).
(g) Completion of the Arbitration Process. The court should consider rule 1.

notice of lis pendens. Appeal is limited to the grounds specified in section 44. the forms may be varied to meet the facts of a particular case. the parties may.
(2) Hearing Procedures.104(11).
(2) A voluntary binding arbitration decision may be appealed within 30 days after service of the decision
on the parties. The other forms are sufficient for the matters that are covered by them.
2007 Amendment.Jud. BellSouth Telecommunications. So long as the substance is expressed without prolixity.104. A record and transcript may be made of the arbitration hearing if requested by
any party or at the direction of the chief arbitrator. In the
absence of such agreement. 4th DCA 2003). 2d 1278 (Fla. Variations from the forms do not void process or notices that are otherwise sufficient.
(1) Compensation.
(b) Other Forms.
RULE 1.
(c) Arbitration Decision and Appeal. Signatures are omitted from pleadings and motions. establish the hearing procedures for voluntary binding arbitration. Captions. In the absence of an agreement by the parties as to compensation of the arbitrator(s). A general
form of caption is the first form. 2.Admin. are omitted from the forms. Florida
Statutes.” The content of the notice is set forth in that
rule.
(b) Record and Transcript. Subdivision (h) is amended to avoid the unintended consequences for defendants with third-party claims who prevailed at arbitration but could not pursue those claims in a circuit court action because no motion for trial was filed despite a plaintiff or
plaintiffs having filed a motion for trial that covered those claims.. See State Dept.
RULE 1. the decision shall be referred to the presiding judge who shall enter such orders and judgments as required to carry out the terms of the
decision as provided under section 44. The statutory reference in subdivision (h) is changed to reflect changes in the statutory numbering.
Editor’s Note: Fla. Subject to these rules and section 44. Florida Statutes. The record and transcript may be used in subsequent legal
proceedings subject to the Florida Rules of Evidence.
VOLUNTARY BINDING ARBITRATION
(a) Absence of Party Agreement. and all process compelling appearance at such proceedings. the court shall establish the hearing procedures. and notice of action are sufficient.2003 Amendment. except for the designation of the paper.
(3) If no appeal is filed within the time period set out in subdivision (2) of this rule.830. Florida Statutes. Florida Statutes.
(c) Formal Matters.
(1) The arbitrator(s) shall serve the parties with notice of the decision and file the decision with the court
within 10 days of the final adjournment of the arbitration hearing.104(10).900. Inc.104(3).
CAPTION
85
.901.
FORMS
(a) Process.
the court shall determine the amount of compensation subject to the provisions of section 44.540 requires that a notice to persons with disabilities be included in “[a]ll notices of court proceedings to be held in a public facility. The following forms of process.R.
859 So. of Transportation v.
FORM 1. by
written agreement before the hearing.

.... D... ……….
(designation of pleading)
(b) Petition.......... for (type of
relief)
)
)
)
No.
(name of court)
In re the Petition
of A.902.
(name of court)
A..
Plaintiff.. B...
SUMMONS
86
... Subdivision (c) and (d) are added to show the form of caption for in rem proceedings.
(name of court)
In re (name or general
description of
property)
)
)
)
No. B..
(name of court)
In re (name or general )
description of property) )
No.....
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
-vsC. .
(designation of pleading)
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.
2010 Amendment...
FORM 1..
PETITION FOR (type of relief)
(c) In rem proceedings..
No. Subdivision (b) is added to show the form of caption for a petition. …………
(designation of pleading)
(d) Forfeiture proceedings. including in rem forfeiture proceedings. .(a) General Form.
Defendant.

....
DATED on ........
Each defendant is required to serve written defenses to the complaint or petition on ....... exclusive of the day of service......
87
.
SUMMONS
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to serve this summons and a copy of the complaint in this lawsuit on defendant
. the time to be inserted as to it is 40 days........................... a default will be entered against
that defendant for the relief demanded in the complaint or petition..... if the State of Florida.
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
(b) Form for Personal Service on Natural Person..
DATED on ......(a) General Form. whose address is .28........ the time to be inserted is 30 days.. or one of its officials or
employees sued in his or her official capacity is a defendant..... one of its agencies..28.. plaintiff’s
attorney........ Florida Statutes.. A phone call will not protect you....
CLERK OF THE CIRCUIT COURT
(SEAL)
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
IMPORTANT
A lawsuit has been filed against you..... When suit is brought pursuant to
section 768. If a defendant fails to do so.. and to file the original of the defenses with the clerk of this court either before service
on plaintiff’s attorney or immediately thereafter.. within 20 days 1 after service of this summons on that defendant.... Your written response.
SUMMONS
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to serve this summons and a copy of the complaint or petition in this action on
defendant .. You have 20 calendar days after this summons is served on you to file a
written response to the attached complaint with
the clerk of this court............... Florida Statutes... including the case number giv1Except when suit is brought pursuant to section 768.

......
This is not a formal summons or notification from the court.. I have enclosed a stamped self-addressed envelope for your use.
If I am not the defendant to whom the notice of lawsuit and waiver of service of process was sent.. it will be filed with the court and no summons
will be served on you...
in the .......
and a means by which I can return the signed waiver to you without cost to me.... An extra copy of the notice
and request..070.. I have also received a copy of the complaint.... Court in ........... The lawsuit will then proceed as if you had been served on the date the waiver is filed. You (or the party on whose behalf you are addressed) will be required to pay the full cost of
such service unless good cause is shown for the failure to return the waiver of service.
except that you will not be obligated to respond to the complaint until 60 days after the date on which you received the notice and request for waiver...A lawsuit has been commenced against you (or the entity on whose behalf you are addressed). R... Civ... is also attached for your records.
If you comply with this request and return the signed waiver. ...(date)....
I understand that a judgment may be entered against me (or the party on whose behalf I am acting) if a written
89
. The complaint has been filed in the (Circuit or County) Court for the
.......... P..... including the waiver..........: .
WAIVER OF SERVICE OF PROCESS
TO: (Name of plaintiff’s attorney or unrepresented plaintiff)
I acknowledge receipt of your request that I waive service of process in the lawsuit of . The cost of service will be avoided if I receive a signed copy of the waiver
within 20 days (30 days if you do not reside in the United States) after the date you receive this notice and request for waiver. but is rather my request that you sign the enclosed waiver of service of process form in order to save the cost of serving you with a judicial summons and an
additional copy of the complaint.......
Plaintiff’s Attorney or
Unrepresented Plaintiff
(2) Waiver of Service of Process.
I agree to save the cost of service of process and an additional copy of the complaint in this lawsuit by not requiring that I (or the entity on whose behalf I am acting) be served with judicial process in the manner provided
by Fla... two copies of this waiver.
I hereby certify that this notice of lawsuit and request for waiver of service of process has been sent to you on
behalf of the plaintiff on .. 1. A copy of the
complaint is attached to this notice......... formal service of process may be initiated in a manner authorized by the Florida Rules
of Civil Procedure.. and has been assigned case no............... I declare
that my relationship to the entity or person to whom the notice was sent and my authority to accept service on
behalf of such person or entity is as follows:
(describe relationship to person or entity and
authority to accept service)
I (or the entity on whose behalf I am acting) will retain all defenses or objections to the lawsuit or to the jurisdiction or venue of the court except for any objections based on a defect in the summons or in the service of the
summons.... v....
If I do not receive the signed waiver within 20 days from the date you received the notice and the waiver of
service of process form..

....183 (service of process in action for possession of residential premises).. The form is similar to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Form 1..........
The form for personal service on natural persons contains Spanish and French versions of the English text to ensure effective notice on all
Floridians.. 48. defendant’s
attorney.....071 (service on agents of nonresidents doing business in the state).
The summons form for personal service on natural persons is to be used for service on natural persons under the following provisions:
sections 48... whose address is .121... whose address is . the committee recommends that the non-English portions be placed on the
reverse side of the summons. 48.
Defendant or Defendant’s
Representative
Committee Notes
1988 Amendment....194 (personal service outside the state).
DATED on .......041 (service on minors). Two forms are now provided: 1 for personal service on natural persons and 1 for other service by summons....... 48.
Each crossclaim defendant is required to serve written defenses to the crossclaim on .031 (service of process generally)....
The former..
within 20 days after service of this summons on that defendant..902 to the statutory requirements of sections 48... general summons form is to be used for all other service by summons...........131 (service on alien property
custodian)..121 (service on the state). Florida
Statutes..042 (service on incompetents).151 (service on statutory agents for certain purposes). exclusive of the day of service. 48. and all statutes
providing for substituted service on the secretary of state...... 48.. including service under sections 48.... Form 1.. 48..070(i).....902(c) was added for use with rule 1..... 48..111. In the event of space problems in the summons form.
FORM 1. and 48...
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
90
.051 (service on state prisoners)...111 (service on public agencies or officers)... 48..061 (service on
partnership)....
CROSSCLAIM SUMMONS
CROSSCLAIM SUMMONS
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to serve this summons and a copy of the crossclaim in this action on defendant
. a default will be entered against that defendant for the relief demanded in the crossclaim. 48. plaintiff’s attorney..
DATED on .
1992 Amendment..... Subdivision (a) is amended to conform form 1....081 (service on corporation). 48. and
768... Florida Statutes..28...response is not served upon you within 60 days from the date I received the notice of lawsuit and request for
waiver of service of process..... The new
form for personal service on natural persons is included to ensure awareness by defendants or respondents of their obligations to respond. and to file the
original of the defenses with the clerk of this court either before service on the attorneys or immediately thereafter. 48.
1996 Amendment...... and on ...... Florida Statutes. 48...141 (service on labor unions). (b): The title is amended to eliminate confusion by the sheriffs in effecting service. 48....... If a crossclaim defendant fails to do so.......
2007 Amendment..903.101 (service on
dissolved corporations).

(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
FORM 1.. on ...................03.... Florida....... plaintiff’s attorney.... and chattels of defendant....(date)........ goods.......905......... exclusive of the
date of service.....
Judge
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment... within 20 days after service of this summons on that defendant...
THIRD-PARTY SUMMONS
THIRD-PARTY SUMMONS
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to serve this summons and a copy of the third-party complaint or petition in this
action on third-party defendant.
whose address is ............ defendant’s attorney..... .....As Deputy Clerk
FORM 1...... and costs..
ORDERED at ...... tenements.
ATTACHMENT
WRIT OF ATTACHMENT
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to attach and take into custody so much of the lands............ ...........
DATED on .... A writ of attachment must now be issued by a judge under section 76.. whose address is ................... If a third-party defendant fails to do so.. as is sufficient to satisfy the sum of $. and on ................ The direction is modernized and the combination with the summons deleted...
ATTACHMENT — FORECLOSURE
WRIT OF ATTACHMENT
91
...... and to file the original of the defenses with the clerk of this court either before service on the
attorneys or immediately thereafter.904.
FORM 1.906... a default will be entered against
that defendant for the relief demanded in the third-party complaint or petition.
Each third-party defendant is required to serve written defenses to the third-party complaint or petition on
.......... Florida Statutes (1979)...

.
ORDERED at . The direction is modernized and the combination with the summons deleted.
Judge
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to take and hold the following described property:
(describe property)
or so much of it as can be found sufficient to satisfy the debt to be foreclosed........ whose address is ..
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
(b) Continuing Writ of Garnishment against Salary or Wages... exclusive of the day of service...... at the time
of the answer or was indebted at the time of service of the writ... The amount set in plaintiff’s motion is $... or at any time between such times......
FORM 1.... stating whether the garnishee is indebted to defendant.....
WRIT OF GARNISHMENT
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to summon the garnishee........... or at any time between such times... on ..........
DATED on ............ and to file the original with the clerk of this court either before service on the attorney or immediately thereafter........... Florida..... and in what
sum and what tangible and intangible personal property of the defendant the garnishee is in possession or control of at the time of the answer or had at the time of service of this writ....
GARNISHMENT
(a) Writ of Garnishment..... and
whether the garnishee knows of any other person indebted to the defendant or who may be in possession or control of any of the property of the defendant......... . within 20 days after service on the garnishee. to serve an answer to this writ on
...... .... plaintiff’s attorney...... Florida Statutes (1979). A writ of attachment must now be issued by a judge under section 76...907............03....
CONTINUING WRIT OF GARNISHMENT
AGAINST SALARY OR WAGES
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
92
.(date)......

.. the garnishee may collect $. Florida..908.... exclusive of the day of service.907(a) and
(b) are for use after judgment has been entered against a defendant. If a plaintiff seeks a writ of garnishment before judgment is entered.....YOU ARE COMMANDED to summon the garnishee....... plaintiff’s attorney.... whose address is
..... The garnishee’s answer shall specify the periods of payment (for
example..........C.. .
During each pay period..... weekly..... Florida Statutes.... biweekly........ a portion of the defendant’s salary or wages as it becomes due shall be held and not
disposed of or transferred until further order of this court. The amount of salary or wages to be withheld for
each pay period shall be made in accordance with the following paragraph. on .... ....... and to file the original
with the clerk of court either before service on the attorney or immediately thereafter..........
1996 Amendment..
described as follows:
93
..... within 20 days after service of this writ.....(date).
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Committee Notes
1992 Amendment....
FAILURE TO FILE AN ANSWER WITHIN THE TIME REQUIRED MAY RESULT IN THE ENTRY OF
JUDGMENT AGAINST THE GARNISHEE FOR THE ABOVE TOTAL AMOUNT OF $...
The total amount of the final judgment outstanding as set out in the plaintiff’s motion is $....... and whether the garnishee is indebted to
the defendant by reason of salary or wages...... with no changes to the text of the forms: Both forms 1..07...
Federal law (15 U... must be included in the writ
and served on the defendant......... §§1671–1673) limits the amount to be withheld from salary or wages to no more than
25% of any individual defendant’s disposable earnings (the part of earnings remaining after the deduction of
any amounts required by law to be deducted) for any pay period or to no more than the amount by which the
individual’s disposable earnings for the pay period exceed 30 times the federal minimum hourly wage...... The following was adopted as a committee note..........
FORM 1........ Florida Statutes. against the salary or wages of the defendant for
the first deduction and $.... or monthly) and amount of salary or wages and be based on the defendant’s earnings for the pay period during which this writ is served on the garnishee..
ORDERED at ....S. whichever is less............
who is required to serve an answer to this writ on ...... This form is to be used to effectuate section 77.
For administrative costs.........0305..........
WRIT OF REPLEVIN
WRIT OF REPLEVIN
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to replevy the goods and chattels in possession of the defendant...
notice to the defendant of the right to an immediate hearing under sections 73..031 and 77...... for each deduction thereafter. The answer shall state
whether the garnishee is the employer of the defendant ....... whose address is .. This writ shall continue until the
plaintiff’s judgment is paid in full or until otherwise provided by court order....

.. or removing any property liable to be distrained from the rented real property after the time of service of this writ until the sheriff levies on the property
or this writ is vacated or the court otherwise orders.
94
... Florida Statutes... This amendment only changes the name of the form.
FORM 1..
County..12.
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment........ the
court may order the sheriff to levy on the property liable to distress forthwith after 20 days from the time the
complaint in this action is served. secreting...... 67.. Florida Statutes (1979). while the latter retains the old 3-day time period. The former apparently contemplates that the sheriff will hold the property for 5 days
within which the bond can be posted......
DATED on . with interest and
costs.. 92 S.. 407 U. 1977).......
1983.068(4) and 78..
Judge
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.... Inc... 2d 556 (1972)............ If a defendant does not move for dissolution of the writ... Shevin. 2d 568 (Fla. This form is substantially revised to comply with the statutory changes in section 83. 32 L.. The sheriff is commanded to dispose of the property according to law because of the conflict between sections 78.. The amount claimed in the complaint is the sum of $. no struck-through or underscored type is indicated..... Because
the revision is substantial..
This distress writ subjects all property liable to distress for rent on the following property in ... 344 So...
1996 Amendment...... disposing of... See Phillips v.. Ct.. County.S.......
DATED on ..(describe property)
and to dispose of it according to law.... The form is amended in accordance with the statutory changes as a result of Fuentes v... as amended
in 1980 to overcome the unconstitutionality of distress proceedings... Ed.909... Florida:
(describe property)
Each defendant is enjoined from damaging.. Guin & Hunt. Florida:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to serve this writ and a copy of the complaint on defendant ....
DISTRESS
DISTRESS WRIT
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To the Sheriff of ......13.

.. Florida Statutes. to testify in this action.... County Courthouse in .........
Address
Florida Bar No..616......... or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor....:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear before the Honorable .. at no cost to you.... except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material............................. call 711.......(date).........
SUBPOENA
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ...... Please contact [identify applicable court
personnel by name..........
Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all
times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90...910.......... at the
........ .. at .. at .......
You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney..m...................... Florida....... and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena.........
..... you may be in contempt of court............... on ............ Florida..
SUBPOENA FOR TRIAL
(a) For Issuance by Clerk.
you are entitled............................. negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony.... Judge of the Court. and unless excused from this subpoena by this attorney or the court..........:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear before the Honorable .......
DATED on ..m...... if
you are hearing or voice impaired................
(b) For Issuance by Attorney of Record......................... to the provision of certain assistance....
SUBPOENA
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ...........
95
. at the
....... on . If
you fail to appear..... you shall respond to this subpoena as directed...
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Attorney for ...... Judge of the Court.... If you
fail to appear...
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this proceeding......
......................... County Courthouse in .... you may be in contempt of court.. to testify in this action... address...............................FORM 1.

You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney, and unless excused from this subpoena by this attorney or the court, you shall respond to this subpoena as directed.
DATED on ................
(Name of Attorney)
For the Court

Attorney for ................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
Address
Florida Bar No. ...........................
Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all
times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90.616, Florida Statutes, except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material, negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony, or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor.
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this proceeding,
you are entitled, at no cost to you, to the provision of certain assistance. Please contact [identify applicable court
personnel by name, address, and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena; if
you are hearing or voice impaired, call 711.
Committee Notes
1996 Amendment. Form (b) was added to comply with amendments to rule 1.410.

FORM 1.911.

SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM FOR TRIAL

(a) For Issuance by Clerk.
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ....................:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear before the Honorable ...................., Judge of the Court, at the
.................... County Courthouse in ...................., Florida, on .....(date)....., at ......m., to testify in this action and
to have with you at that time and place the following: .................... If you fail to appear, you may be in contempt
of court.
You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney, and unless excused from this subpoena by this attorney or the court, you shall respond to this subpoena as directed.
DATED on ................
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk

96

Attorney for ................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
Address
Florida Bar No. ...........................
Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all
times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90.616, Florida Statutes, except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material, negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony, or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor.
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this proceeding,
you are entitled, at no cost to you, to the provision of certain assistance. Please contact [identify applicable court
personnel by name, address, and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena; if
you are hearing or voice impaired, call 711.
(b) For Issuance by Attorney of Record.
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ....................:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear before the Honorable ...................., Judge of the Court, at the
.................... County Courthouse in ...................., Florida, on .....(date)....., at ......m., to testify in this action and
to have with you at that time and place the following: .................... If you fail to appear, you may be in contempt
of court.
You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney, and unless excused from this subpoena by this attorney or the court, you shall respond to this subpoena as directed.
DATED on ................
(Name of Attorney)
For the Court

Attorney for ................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
Address
Florida Bar No. ...........................
Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all
times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90.616, Florida Statutes, except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material, negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony, or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor.
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this proceeding,
you are entitled, at no cost to you, to the provision of certain assistance. Please contact [identify applicable court

97

personnel by name, address, and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena; if
you are hearing or voice impaired, call 711.
Committee Notes
1996 Amendment. Form (b) was added to comply with amendments to rule 1.410.

FORM 1.912.

SUBPOENA FOR DEPOSITION

(a) For Issuance by Clerk.
SUBPOENA FOR DEPOSITION
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ....................:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear before a person authorized by law to take depositions at .................... in
...................., Florida, on .....(date)....., at ......m., for the taking of your deposition in this action. If you fail to
appear, you may be in contempt of court.
You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney, and unless excused from this subpoena by this attorney or the court, you shall respond to this subpoena as directed.
DATED on ...........
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk

Attorney for ................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
Address
Florida Bar No. ...........................
Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all
times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90.616, Florida Statutes, except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material, negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony, or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor.
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this deposition,
you may request such assistance by contacting [identify attorney or party taking the deposition by name, address, and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena; if you are hearing or
voice impaired, call 711.
(b) For Issuance by Attorney of Record.
SUBPOENA FOR DEPOSITION

98

..........
99
...... Florida Statutes...... except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material......... and unless excused from this subpoena by this attorney or the court..................(date)......... you may be in contempt of court....
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM FOR DEPOSITION
(a) For Issuance by Clerk........
you may request such assistance by contacting [identify attorney or party taking the deposition by name..........THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ...... If you fail to
appear. and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena..... or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor..m............ .......
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM FOR
DEPOSITION
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ...
DATED on .........616................
You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney.....:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear before a person authorized by law to take depositions at ...................... if you are hearing or
voice impaired.... you shall respond to this subpoena as directed......
FORM 1. at
.......................410...... for the taking of your deposition in this action and to have with you at that time and place the following:
.... address..:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear before a person authorized by law to take depositions at ..... Form (b) was added to comply with amendments to rule 1.(date)................
(Name of Attorney)
For the Court
Attorney for ....
.......... If you fail to appear.. in
........ you may be in contempt of court................. on ............ in
......
Committee Notes
1996 Amendment........
Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all
times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90.. Florida..... on ...913...... negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony..........
.........
Address
Florida Bar No......m........ call 711. Florida.................... at ............ for the taking of your deposition in this action....
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this deposition..

..........................(date)..:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear before a person authorized by law to take depositions at ............. address....
........
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this deposition.... call 711...
......................
......... and unless excused from this subpoena by this attorney or the court.....
Address
100
.
(b) For Issuance by Attorney of Record..............
DATED on ..........................
................... negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony.....You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney.
Address
Florida Bar No... if you are hearing or
voice impaired.... If you fail to appear....
(Name of Attorney)
For the Court
Attorney for .........
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM
FOR DEPOSITION
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ...... at ...... and unless excused from this subpoena by this attorney or the court.... Florida..... Florida Statutes........................... or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor.........
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Attorney for ......
Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all
times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90.......
you may request such assistance by contacting [identify attorney or party taking the deposition by name......... in
......
DATED on ............ ...m.............................616................................ for the taking of your deposition in this action and to have with
you at that time and place the following: ................. you shall respond to this subpoena as directed................. and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena....................... you shall respond to this subpoena as directed.. except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material... you may be in contempt of court............. on .......................
You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney..................

. except upon a showing that the presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material.
FORM 1....... address..... Florida:
(describe property)
and to put ... or that the interests of the parent
or guardian are in actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor.(date).......... The description of the property to be levied on has to be made general so it encompasses all property subject to execution under section 56........Florida Bar No. in the sum of $..
FORM 1.. call 711... and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena...
with interest at ..
101
.% a year from ... negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s testimony....... Florida Statutes (1979).....
DATED on .......616...
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment..
County................914..
Any minor subpoenaed for testimony shall have the right to be accompanied by a parent or guardian at all
times during the taking of testimony notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of section
90.
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this deposition....... . Florida Statutes.... until paid and to have this writ before the court when satisfied.....061........ Form (b) was added to comply with amendments to rule 1.....915..
Committee Notes
1996 Amendment......... if you are hearing or
voice impaired..... in possession of it............ County...
WRIT OF POSSESSION
WRIT OF POSSESSION
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To the Sheriff of .410. Florida:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to remove all persons from the following described property in ...........
EXECUTION
EXECUTION
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to levy on the property subject to execution of .......
you may request such assistance by contacting [identify attorney or party taking the deposition by name.

...065.. why the property claimed by plaintiff in the complaint filed in this
action should not be taken from the possession of defendant and delivered to plaintiff....... rather than by a specified
102
.. that plaintiff is entitled to possession of the property
described in the complaint pending final adjudication of the claims of the parties..
REPLEVIN ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE
ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to serve this order on defendant........ on .. on ....(date). at least 5
days before the hearing scheduled below.... file with the court a written
undertaking executed by a surety approved by the court in an amount equal to the value of the property to stay
an order authorizing the delivery of the property to plaintiff............ if you are unable to personally serve defendant within the time specified. Florida.
Judge
Committee Notes
1980 Adoption. in the ... on a finding by the court pursuant to section 78. The
court may thereupon order the clerk to issue a writ of replevin. at ...
1996 Amendment.m...... Florida.. Florida Statutes (1979)....
FORM 1..........DATED on ..... Former form 1... .916 is repealed because of the consolidation of writs of assistance with writs of possession... This form is amended to provide for service at least 5 days before the show cause hearing. by personal service as provided by
law.. but for no other purpose......067(2)... by placing a copy
of this order with a copy of the summons on the claimed property located at . The form is changed to make the direction conform to the statutory requirement in section 48.... The new
form is the replevin order to show cause prescribed by section 78....... appear personally or with an attorney and present testimony at the time of the
hearing. Nonpersonal service as provided in this order shall be effective to afford notice to defendant
of this order...... defendant shall be deemed to have waived the right to a hearing....
ORDERED at ......
If defendant fails to appear as ordered..... Florida Statutes......... Sundays....... excluding the day of service and intermediate Saturdays.
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Committee Notes
1973 Amendment.......011. Florida Statutes (1979)......... Florida...
and legal holidays....916.
Defendant shall show cause before the Honorable . if possible.(date)... and the conclusion is
modernized........... or. or.. The direction on this form is changed to the sheriff of the county where the property is located..
County Courthouse in ...
1980 Amendment...
Defendant may file affidavits.

(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Committee Notes
1976 Amendment......... with sureties to be approved by the clerk of this
court.
FORM 1.917..............date... County jail until the defendant gives the bond or until further order of this court... County..... If the defendant does not give the bond....
NE EXEAT
WRIT OF NE EXEAT
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to detain the defendant....
DATED on .........918...
OR: the case number of the action is as shown in the caption. AND ALL OTHERS WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
YOU ARE NOTIFIED OF THE FOLLOWING:
(a) The plaintiff has instituted this action against you seeking (“to foreclose a mortgage” or “to partition” or
“to quiet title” or other type of action) with respect to the property described below.... Florida.... If the defendant
does not give the bond.....
(c) The date of the institution of this action is .................... 076-13 (Jan.... the defendant shall be brought before a judge of this court within 24 hours of confinement....... 23.
(b) The plaintiff(s) in this action is/are:
(1) .. payable to the Governor of Florida and the Governor’s successors in office conditioned that
the defendant will answer plaintiff’s pleading in this action and will not depart from the state without leave of
court and will comply with the lawful orders of this court....
FORM 1....... and is described as
follows:
(legal description of property)
103
.............. and to require the defendant to give bond in
the sum of $... 1976)...........
OR: the date on the clerk’s electronic receipt for the action’s filing is .. the defendant shall be taken into custody and be confined in the
.
LIS PENDENS
NOTICE OF LIS PENDENS
TO DEFENDANT(S) ........ See 1976 Op....... Fla...
(d) The property that is the subject matter of this action is in ....
(2) ............................ Att’y Gen...... .

............ Section 48......
to it on ......919..........23...
FORM 1.DATED ON ..
DATED on ....23
provides that the notice must contain the names of all of the parties.......... the plaintiff’s attorney...
Attorney for .. If the case number is used to satisfy the requirements of section
48..........(date)..
NOTICE OF ACTION....920... and file
the original with the clerk of this court either before service on the plaintiff’s attorney or immediately thereafter......
Committee Notes
2009 Amendment...... the date of the clerk’s electronic receipt. whose address is .... if any....... on or before ...:
YOU ARE NOTIFIED that an action for (“construction of a will” or “re-establishment of a lost deed” or other
type of action) has been filed against you and you are required to serve a copy of your written defenses................. . Florida:
(describe property)
104
......... See section 49. This form was substantially rewritten due to the amendments to section 48.... the name of the court in which the action is instituted...............
FORM 1.......... Florida Statutes (2009)........ or the case number............ Florida Statutes (1979)..
NOTICE OF ACTION............... and one of the following: the date of the institution of
the action.... CONSTRUCTIVE SERVICE — NO PROPERTY
NOTICE OF ACTION
TO .......................
... CONSTRUCTIVE SERVICE — PROPERTY
NOTICE OF ACTION
TO .
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
NOTE: This form must be modified to name the other defendants when there are multiple defendants and all
are not served under the same notice..:
YOU ARE NOTIFIED that an action to (“enforce a lien on” or “foreclose a mortgage on” or “quiet title to” or
“partition” or other type of action) the following property in ......08(1)........... a description of the relief sought as to the property.......23.
otherwise a default will be entered against you for the relief demanded in the complaint or petition......... a description of
the property involved or affected...
Address
Florida Bar No......
NOTE: This form is not to be recorded without the clerk’s case number.......... County....... it should be inserted in the case caption of the notice...........
...

.......
FORM 1.. .922..............has been filed against you and you are required to serve a copy of your written defenses.
DATED on ....... otherwise a default will be entered against you for the relief demanded in the complaint or petition...:
YOU ARE NOTIFIED that after 10 days from the date of service of this notice..921....
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
NOTE: This form must be modified to name the other defendants when there are multiple defendants and all
are not served under the same notice.........
1996 Amendment..... to produce the items listed at the time and
place specified in the subpoena....... This form is new......
Attorney for ........ A copy of the subpoena must be attached to this form
for it to comply with the rule..............(date)...... if any............ the undersigned will issue or apply to the clerk of this court for issuance of the attached subpoena directed to
............ Florida Statutes (1979).............. See section 49........
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM WITHOUT DEPOSITION
(a) When Witness Has Option to Furnish Records Instead of Attending Deposition........ and if no objection is received from any party. if service is by mail................
FORM 1.. who is not a party and whose address is .
Address
Florida Bar No......... to it on
............ Issuance by Clerk.....
........
NOTICE OF PRODUCTION FROM NONPARTY
NOTICE OF PRODUCTION
To .............. or 15
days from the date of service.......... if service is by delivery..........
DATED on .......................... the plaintiff’s attorney.......410. on or before .351 and 1.. and file the original with the clerk of this court either before service on the plaintiff’s attorney or immediately thereafter..08(1).................. This form was amended to comply with amendments to rules 1..
.
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM
105
............
NOTE: This form of notice is for use with rule 1... whose address is ...351..................
Committee Notes
1980 Adoption..........

........ Issuance by Clerk.......... You will not be required to surrender the original items..
you may be in contempt of court... at ..... you shall respond to this subpoena as directed..... ...........(date).
and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena................................ in ....... on ............. and
to have with you at that time and place the following: ..m.......... You have the right to object to the production pursuant to this
subpoena at any time before production by giving written notice to the attorney whose name appears on this
subpoena... You may condition the preparation of the copies upon the payment in advance of the reasonable cost of preparation. You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney.......... and unless excused
from this subpoena by this attorney or the court.... Florida..
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO: ...... You may comply with this subpoena by providing legible copies of the items to be produced to the
attorney whose name appears on this subpoena on or before the scheduled date of production.......
These items will be inspected and may be copied at that time....
DATED on .......
(b) When Witness Must Appear and Produce the Records.........m..
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to respond to this subpoena..
If you fail to:
(1) appear as specified.... address......... on .......... call 711...............THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ...
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Attorney for ............
106
. You may
mail or deliver the copies to the attorney whose name appears on this subpoena and thereby eliminate your appearance at the time and place specified above.. you
may request such assistance by contacting [identify attorney or party taking the deposition by name..... if you are hearing or voice impaired.........................
..........:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear at ............................. or
(2) furnish the records instead of appearing as provided above... at .... NO TESTIMONY WILL BE TAKEN.......... THIS WILL NOT BE A DEPOSITION........
Address
Florida Bar No.......
....:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear at .. or
(3) object to this subpoena............ Florida........... in ...................................................(date).... and
to have with you at that time and place the following: .

.......... You may comply with this subpoena by providing legible copies of the items to be produced to the
attorney whose name appears on this subpoena on or before the scheduled date of production.. Florida................ call 711. NO TESTIMONY WILL BE TAKEN... or
(2) object to this subpoena................. you shall respond to this subpoena as directed......
and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena.. You have the right to object to the production pursuant to this
subpoena at any time before production by giving written notice to the attorney whose name appears on this
subpoena..... You may
mail or deliver the copies to the attorney whose name appears on this subpoena and thereby eliminate your appearance at the time and place specified above..............
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Attorney for .....
and unless excused from this subpoena by the attorney or the court.......... You are subpoenaed by the attorney whose name appears on this subpoena... and
to have with you at that time and place the following: ..............
SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ...
These items will be inspected and may be copied at that time....
you may be in contempt of court................These items will be inspected and may be copied at that time. You may condition the preparation of the copies upon the payment in advance of the reasonable cost of preparation.. in ...... if you are hearing or voice impaired..
.... at .. You will not be required to surrender the original items.................... on ..........
107
...... address.m.....:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear at .......
If you fail to:
(1) appear or furnish the records at the time and place specified instead of appearing.....
........... .... THIS WILL NOT BE A DEPOSITION.
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to respond to this subpoena... THIS WILL NOT BE A DEPOSITION.... NO TESTIMONY WILL BE TAKEN...... You have the right to object to the production pursuant to this subpoena at any time before production
by giving written notice to the attorney whose name appears on this subpoena......... you
may request such assistance by contacting [identify attorney or party taking the deposition by name.........
DATED on ......... You will not be required to surrender the original items...........(date)......................
(c) When Witness Has Option to Furnish Records Instead of Attending Deposition.. Issuance by Attorney of Record.....
Address
Florida Bar No.............

If you fail to:
(1) appear as specified; or
(2) furnish the records instead of appearing as provided above; or
(3) object to this subpoena,
you may be in contempt of court. You are subpoenaed to appear by the following attorney, and unless excused
from this subpoena by this attorney or the court, you shall respond to this subpoena as directed.
DATED on ................
(Name of Attorney)
For the Court

Attorney for ................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
Address
Florida Bar No. ...........................
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to respond to this subpoena, you
may request such assistance by contacting [identify attorney or party taking the deposition by name, address,
and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena; if you are hearing or voice impaired, call 711.
(d) When Witness Must Appear and Produce the Records; Issuance by Attorney of Record.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO ....................:
YOU ARE COMMANDED to appear at .................... in ...................., Florida, on .....(date)....., at ......m., and
to have with you at that time and place the following: ....................
These items will be inspected and may be copied at that time. You will not be required to surrender the original items. You have the right to object to the production pursuant to this subpoena at any time before production
by giving written notice to the attorney whose name appears on this subpoena. THIS WILL NOT BE A DEPOSITION. NO TESTIMONY WILL BE TAKEN.
If you fail to:
(1) appear or furnish the records at the time and place specified instead of appearing; or
(2) object to this subpoena,
you may be in contempt of court. You are subpoenaed by the attorney whose name appears on this subpoena,
and unless excused from this subpoena by the attorney or the court, you shall respond to this subpoena as directed.
DATED on ................
(Name of Attorney)
For the Court

108

Attorney for ................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
Address
Florida Bar No. ...........................
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to respond to this subpoena, you
may request such assistance by contacting [identify attorney or party taking the deposition by name, address,
and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this subpoena; if you are hearing or voice impaired, call 711.
NOTE: These forms are to be used for production of documents under rule 1.351. Form (a) is used when the
person having the records may furnish copies to the attorney requesting the subpoena instead of appearing at the
time and place specified in the subpoena and the subpoena is to be issued by the clerk. Form (b) is used when
the records must be produced at the time and place specified in the subpoena and the subpoena is to be issued
by the clerk. Form (c) is used when the person having the records may furnish copies to the attorney requesting
the subpoena instead of appearing at the time and place specified in the subpoena and the subpoena is to be issued by an attorney of record. Form (d) is used when the records must be produced at the time and place specified in the subpoena and the subpoena is to be issued by an attorney of record.
Committee Notes
1980 Adoption. This form is new.
1996 Amendment. Forms (a) and (b) were amended and forms (c) and (d) were added to comply with amendments to rules 1.351 and
1.410.

FORM 1.923.

EVICTION SUMMONS/ RESIDENTIAL
EVICTION SUMMONS/RESIDENTIAL

TO: ....................
Defendant(s)
............................
............................
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
You are being sued by .................... to require you to move out of the place where you are living for the reasons given in the attached complaint.
You are entitled to a trial to determine whether you can be required to move, but you MUST do ALL of the
things listed below. You must do them within 5 days (not including Saturday, Sunday, or any legal holiday)
after the date these papers were given to you or to a person who lives with you or were posted at your home.
THE THINGS YOU MUST DO ARE AS FOLLOWS:
(1) Write down the reason(s) why you think you should not be forced to move. The written reason(s) must be
given to the clerk of the court at .................... County Courthouse
...................................
....................., Florida

109

(2) Mail or give a copy of your written reason(s) to:
.............................................
Plaintiff/Plaintiff’s Attorney
.............................................
.............................................
Address
(3) Pay to the clerk of the court the amount of rent that the attached complaint claims to be due and any rent
that becomes due until the lawsuit is over. If you believe that the amount claimed in the complaint is incorrect,
you should file with the clerk of the court a motion to have the court determine the amount to be paid. If you file
a motion, you must attach to the motion any documents supporting your position and mail or give a copy of the
motion to the plaintiff/plaintiff’s attorney.
(4) If you file a motion to have the court determine the amount of rent to be paid to the clerk of the court, you
must immediately contact the office of the judge to whom the case is assigned to schedule a hearing to decide
what amount should be paid to the clerk of the court while the lawsuit is pending.
IF YOU DO NOT DO ALL OF THE THINGS SPECIFIED ABOVE WITHIN 5 WORKING DAYS AFTER
THE DATE THAT THESE PAPERS WERE GIVEN TO YOU OR TO A PERSON WHO LIVES WITH YOU
OR WERE POSTED AT YOUR HOME, YOU MAY BE EVICTED WITHOUT A HEARING OR FURTHER
NOTICE

(5) If the attached complaint also contains a claim for money damages (such as unpaid rent), you must respond to that claim separately. You must write down the reasons why you believe that you do not owe the money claimed. The written reasons must be given to the clerk of the court at the address specified in paragraph (1)
above, and you must mail or give a copy of your written reasons to the plaintiff/plaintiff’s attorney at the address specified in paragraph (2) above. This must be done within 20 days after the date these papers were given
to you or to a person who lives with you. This obligation is separate from the requirement of answering the
claim for eviction within 5 working days after these papers were given to you or to a person who lives with you
or were posted at your home.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
To Each Sheriff of the State: You are commanded to serve this summons and a copy of the complaint in this
lawsuit on the above-named defendant.
DATED on ................
Clerk of the County Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
NOTIFICACION DE DESALOJO/RESIDENCIAL
A: ...................
Demandado(s)
........................
........................
SIRVASE LEER CON CUIDADO
Usted esta siendo demandado por .................... para exigirle que desaloje el lugar donde reside por los moti-

suivre en reponse au proces d’eviction dans les 5 jours suivant la date ou ces documents ont ete presentes a vous
ou a la personne habitant avec vous.
AFFIDAVIT OF DILIGENT SEARCH AND INQUIRY
(individually or an Employee of
I. ou affiches a votre residence. This is a substantial revision of form 1. being sworn.924. This form was added to inform those sought to be evicted of the procedure they must follow to resist eviction.
Committee Notes
1988 Adoption. who is [over 18 years old] [under 18 years old] [age is unknown] (circle one).{full legal name}
). Florida Statutes. certify that the following information is true:
1.923 to comply with the requirements of section 83.
1996 Amendment.
FORM 1. Refer to
checklist below and identify all actions taken (any additional information included such as
the date the action was taken and the person with whom you spoke is helpful) (attach additional sheet if necessary):
[check all that apply]
Inquiry of Social Security Information
Telephone listings in the last known locations of defendant’s residence
Statewide directory assistance search
Internet people finder search {specify sites searched}
Voter registration in the area where defendant was last known to reside.
Nationwide Masterfile Death Search
Tax Collector’s records in area where defendant was last known to reside
Tax Assessor’s records in area where defendant was last known to reside
Department of Motor vehicle records in the state of defendant’s last known address
Driver’s License records search in the state of defendant’s last known address
Department of Corrections records in the state of defendant’s last known address
Federal Prison records search
Regulatory agencies for professional or occupation licensing
Inquiry to determine if defendant is in military service
Last known employment of defendant
113
. as
amended in 1993. I have made diligent search and inquiry to discover the current residence of
.60.

or conceals him (her)
self so that process cannot be served personally upon him or her.
[check one only]
a.
‘s current residence is unknown to me. having residence in Florida has been
absent from Florida for more than 60 days prior to the date of this affidavit. and I believe there is no person
in the state upon whom service of process would bind this absent or concealed
.
other than Florida and
is:
c. Zip
Phone:
Telefacsimile:
STATE OF
COUNTY OF
114
. State.{List all additional efforts made to locate defendant}
Attempts to Serve Process and Results
I inquired of the occupant of the premises whether the occupant knows the location of the borrowerdefendant.
I understand that I am swearing or affirming under oath to the truthfulness of the claims made in this
affidavit and that the punishment for knowingly making a false statement includes fines and/or imprisonment.
‘s current residence is in some state or country
‘s last known address
The
. with the following results:
current residence
2.
Dated:
Signature of Affiant
Printed Name:
Address:
City.
b.

.(date).. D.. This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount)..... Type.
by
NOTARY PUBLIC.
FORM 1...(date).. a copy being attached.. and alleges:
1.. Defendant owes plaintiff $. B... B.. D. Plaintiff rendered a statement of it to defendant.
3. on the account.
OPEN ACCOUNT
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.. time of accrual of each... according to the attached account. C.....Sworn to or affirmed and signed before me on this
day of
. Defendant owes plaintiff $. and defendant did not object to the
statement.
ACCOUNT STATED
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.... and amount of each must be attached.
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant. Before the institution of this action plaintiff and defendant had business transactions between them and on
. and alleges:
1.
2... sues defendant.
4... sues defendant... A... STATE OF
(Print..933. 20
.
NOTE: A copy of the account showing items... that is due with interest since . they agreed to the resulting balance..
FORM 1..(date)..... that is due with interest since . C.
2.
115
... A.932.... This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount). or Stamp Commissioned Name of
Notary Public)
Personally known
Produced identification
Type of identification produced
NOTE: This form is used to obtain constructive service on the defendant...

sues defendant...... D. B.......... on the note... D.... This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount).
2... Paragraph 3 is added to show ownership of the note... the installment payment due on the note on . Plaintiff owns and holds the note..... and alleges:
1. sues defendant. a copy being attached. the note when due.WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant.. On ..
2. and paragraph 4 is clarified to show that either 4a or 4b is used.. and .. This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount).
but not both..
6... Use paragraph 4a...(date). C.....
NOTE: A copy of the note must be attached. that is due with interest since . defendant executed and delivered a promissory note... Defendant owes plaintiff $...
5..
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.......
3..
GOODS SOLD
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff. Defendant failed to pay (use a or b)
a. A..... A.935.. and plaintiff elected to accelerate payment of
the balance.
b.. as applicable and paragraph 6 if appropriate.. that is due with interest since ..:
(list goods and prices)
116
...
FORM 1....... or b... for the following goods sold
and delivered by plaintiff to defendant between .
NOTE: A copy of the account showing items.
4.(date)...... to plaintiff
in ...(date).....
PROMISSORY NOTE
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff. time of accrual of each.. B. and amount of each must be attached. Defendant owes plaintiff $... C...
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant.934.. Plaintiff is obligated to pay his/her attorneys a reasonable fee for their services.
FORM 1. County.(date). and alleges:
1..... Florida...(date).(date)..

To plaintiff’s best knowledge. a copy of
the agreement being attached. Allegations and a
demand for damages.
4..... information...
FORM 1.WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant.. 407 U.937.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment... information...... The property has not been taken for any tax. The form is amended to comply with the amendments to the replevin statutes pursuant to Fuentes v.
REPLEVIN
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff... Defendant owes plaintiff $....
7.... C...
3.. The property is wrongfully detained by defendant..
6.S. D..
117
.. 92 S.
MONEY LENT
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.936. A.
2. This is an action to recover possession of personal property in .... The description of the property is:
(list property)
To the best of plaintiff’s knowledge........ and belief.. sues defendant. if appropriate...... for money lent by plaintiff to
defendant on . B. Ed.. C..... or fine pursuant to law..... This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount)....... Ct..
NOTE: Paragraph 3 must be modified if the right to possession arose in another manner..
67.. the property is located at . 32 L. that is due with interest since .. can be added to the form....(date)... Florida. The property has not been taken under an execution or attachment against plaintiff’s property......
5. A.. Plaintiff is entitled to the possession of the property under a security agreement dated .... and belief... County. 2d 556 (1972)... and belief... B.... assessment.. defendant detains the property
because (give reasons).
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant.(date)..
2. 1983.
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for possession of the property. sues defendant. and alleges:
1... To plaintiff’s best knowledge. the value of the property is $. D.... and alleges:
1. information. Shevin. Defendant came into possession of the property by
(method of possession)...
FORM 1.

This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount).. Plaintiff is entitled to possession of the following real property in said county:
(insert description of property)
3.. A. County... B.. C.. and alleges:
1.(date). and alleges:
1.
County.
2. A. A. Defendant has unlawfully (forcibly) turned plaintiff out of and withholds possession of the property from
plaintiff..
FORM 1........
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for possession of the property and damages against defendant. B...FORM 1.....940. D.
FORM 1. C. sues defendant...939. and alleges:
1...... sues defendant. sues defendant.. Florida...
2.D..
FORCIBLE ENTRY AND DETENTION
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.............. This is an action to recover possession of real property in .
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant.. D.. B. On or about ....
EJECTMENT
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.. Florida.. C....
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for possession of the property and damages against defendant.
CONVERSION
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff..
3. Defendant is in possession of the following real property in the county:
(describe property)
to which plaintiff claims title as shown by the attached statement of plaintiff’s chain of title.. This form cannot
be used for residential tenancies. Defendant refuses to deliver possession of the property to plaintiff or pay plaintiff the profits from it.
NOTE: Substitute “forcibly” for “unlawfully” or add it as an alternative when applicable....
2..
118
. This is an action to recover possession of real property unlawfully (forcibly) detained in . defendant converted to his/her own use (insert description of property converted) that was then the property of plaintiff of the value of $.938.

.
2. C..
SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.
FORM 1.. A... Paragraph 3 is divided into 2 paragraphs to properly accord with rule 1.... that is due with interest from ... On ...... County....
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.... The words “possession of” are inserted in paragraph 1 for clarification.
5. C..... B...
CHECK
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.
FORM 1.
4.
The check was presented for payment to the drawee band but payment was refused.. B.. D. sued defendant. and alleges:
1... A.NOTE: A statement of plaintiff’s chain of title must be attached..
3.
Defendant owes plaintiff $.. and alleges:
1..110(f).
On . D.
119
...
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant... Plaintiff tendered the purchase price to defendant and requested a conveyance of the real property described in the contract..
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment...
4..
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment that defendant be required to perform the contract for damages.... Defendant refused to accept the tender or to make the conveyance.. This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount).(date). a copy being attached...
NOTE: A copy of the check must be attached..
Florida..942. sues defendant. This is an action for specific performance of a contract to convey real property in .. defendant executed a written order for the payment of $...(date).941. a copy being attached..
NOTE: A copy of the sales contract must be attached.
3...
5.. commonly called a
check.. plaintiff and defendant entered into a written contract.
2. Plaintiff offers to pay the purchase price....(date).... payable to the order of plaintiff and delivered it to plaintiff....
Plaintiff holds the check and it has not been paid. on the check... Allegations about endorsements are omitted from the form
and must be added when proper.

(date). owned a motor vehicle that was operated with
his/her consent by defendant.... and alleges:
1.
b....... A...
FORM 1.
4.(date).. Plaintiff is obligated to pay plaintiff’s attorneys a reasonable fee for their services............. F. if the proceeds of the sale are insufficient to pay plaintiff’s claim.
MOTOR VEHICLE NEGLIGENCE
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.. in
. C.... and mortgaged the property described in the mortgage
then owned by and in possession of the mortgagor. D. Defendant owes plaintiff $...944. Florida.(date). Copies of the note and mortgage must be attached... Florida.
NOTE: This form is for installment payments with acceleration.... Florida. Plaintiff owns and holds the note and mortgage.. and title search expense for ascertaining necessary parties to this action.. It omits allegations about junior encumbrances...Committee Notes
1980 Amendment....... They must be added when proper. unpaid taxes...
120
. B.(date)...... County...... and unpaid insurance premiums................... (Use a or b) a..(date). and for a receiver.... interest from
...
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment foreclosing the mortgage and.(date). E...
8... in Official Records Book .. D.... Paragraph 4 is divided into 2 paragraphs to properly accord with rule 1.....
5....
7........ On or about .
6..
3. defendant.. a deficiency judgment... a copy of the mortgage containing a copy of the note being
attached........ This is an action to foreclose a mortgage on real property in ..
of the public records of ....... at . Defendant has defaulted under the note and mortgage by failing to pay the payment due .. sues defendants.
2. On ............ that is due on principal on the note and mortgage.. The property is now owned by defendant who holds possession... C.. Florida............ and E. On or about .. at page . sues defendant. Plaintiff declares the full amount payable under the note and mortgage to be due....
2..
FORM 1.....945.. County... and alleges:
1...... C... in ... D...
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff. defendant executed and delivered a promissory note and a mortgage securing payment of
the note to plaintiff.........110(f).... defendant owned and operated a motor vehicle at .... A. The mortgage was recorded on .. and
all subsequent payments........ B.. This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount).. F......

.... loss of ability to earn money.. B.......
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendants.. Plaintiff’s automobile was damaged and he/she lost the use of it during the period required for its repair or replacement. At that time and place defendants. medical and nursing care and
treatment.946.. is for use when owner and driver are different persons.
NOTE: This form...
MOTOR VEHICLE NEGLIGENCE WHEN PLAINTIFF IS UNABLE TO
DETERMINE WHO IS RESPONSIBLE
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendants. or both defendants. “defendants” must be changed to “defendant” wherever it appears. or defendant. loss of earnings.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment. and aggravation of a previously existing condition. A.
2.. and aggravation of a previously existing condition. disfigurement. This form was changed to show that one of the alternatives in paragraph 2 is used.
4... F.
The losses are either permanent or continuing and plaintiff will suffer the losses in the future.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment. and paragraph 4 has
been changed to paraphrase Standard Jury Instruction 6... negligently operated or maintained their motor vehicles
so that one or both of them collided with plaintiff’s motor vehicle.3.... As a result plaintiff suffered bodily injury and resulting pain and suffering. owned and operated
motor vehicles at . As a result plaintiff suffered bodily injury and resulting pain and suffering...2... This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount). or one of them.
3. Plaintiff’s automobile was damaged and he/she lost the use of it during the period required for its repair or replacement.. Use paragraph 2b when they are the same. mental anguish. mental anguish. D.2. disability.. disfigurement..
4. At that time and place defendants negligently operated or maintained the motor vehicle so that it collided
with plaintiff’s motor vehicle. medical and nursing care and
treatment... E. and alleges:
1.. expense of hospitalization. C.. D. but not both... Paragraph 4 is changed to paraphrase Standard Jury Instruction 6. loss of capacity for the enjoyment of life... loss of earnings...
121
... If paragraph 2b is used...
FORM 1. C... F. expense of hospitalization.. loss of ability to earn money. loss of capacity for the enjoyment of life... Florida.. and E.
The losses are either permanent or continuing and plaintiff will suffer the losses in the future.
NOTE: Allegations when owner and driver are different persons are omitted from this form and must be added when proper. On or about .(date). disability. in . defendant... except for paragraph 2b.. sues defendants.

... Plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant. C.. F..
Committee Notes
1988 Amendment.”
FORM 1. D... C. sues third-party defendant........949...... has against E. for all or part of what A. and alleges:
122
. C.
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for possession of the property against defendant. sues defendant..948.
IMPLIED WARRANTY
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff... County...... This is an action to evict a tenant from real property in .. The first sentence was changed to eliminate the words “and third party plaintiff...
THIRD-PARTY COMPLAINT.. for all damages
that are adjudged against defendant.
FORM 1. B.. D.D. Florida.... F. D.)
WHEREFORE defendant. B... and alleges:
1.947.FORM 1. to pay the rent or deliver possession but defendant refuses to do either. B.. payable
..
NOTE: Paragraph 3 must specify whether the rental agreement is written or oral and if written..
5. a copy being attached.
as in an original complaint. written) agreement to pay rent of $.. A. GENERAL FORM
THIRD-PARTY COMPLAINT
Defendant. in favor of plaintiff. E.
2.. D.. Defendant failed to pay rent due ..
NOTE: A copy of the complaint from which the third-party complaint is derived must be attached......
2. and alleges:
1.(date). sues defendant... D. demands judgment against the third-party defendant... (State the cause of action that C. D... C. a copy must
be attached.. C..... E. F. Defendant has possession of the property under (oral... Plaintiff served defendant with a notice on .. Plaintiff owns the following described real property in said county:
(describe property)
3. A... C....
TENANT EVICTION
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.
4..... D.(date).. may recover from C..

...
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant.. On . and alleges:
1..(date).... Defendant warranted that the product was reasonably fit for its intended use as (describe intended use)..
FORM 1...(date). and his/her working
ability was impaired.. This form is changed to require an allegation of the defect in paragraph 4...... At that time and place plaintiff went on the property to (state purpose). suffered pain therefrom... County. and suffered physical handicap. at ... that was used as a (describe use).
5..
2..
4..
3. Defendant manufactured a product known and described as (describe product).
3... in ... This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount)... suffered pain therefrom.951... incurred medical expense in the treatment of the injuries..... C.. B. This is an action for damages that (insert jurisdictional amount). Florida...... causing injuries to plaintiff who was
then a user of the product...
FALL-DOWN NEGLIGENCE COMPLAINT
COMPLAINT
Plaintiff.
5...
WHEREFORE plaintiff demands judgment for damages against defendant. A......... defendant was the owner and in possession of a building at . On ... incurred medical expense in the treatment of the injuries... the product (describe the occurrence and
defect that resulted in injury) while being used for its intended purpose....
Florida. the injuries are either permanent or continuing in their nature and plaintiff will suffer the
losses and impairment in the future.. The negligent condition was known to defendant or had existed for a sufficient length of time so that defendant should have known of it.....
2..
4.. As a result plaintiff was injured in and about his/her body and extremities... Paragraph 4 is amended to show that no substantive law change was intended.. and his/her working
ability was impaired.. Defendant negligently maintained (describe item) on the property by (describe negligence or dangerous
condition) so that plaintiff fell on the property.... and suffered physical handicap... in . D.
6.
Committee Notes
1972 Amendment.
123
........1.. Contentions were made in trial courts that
the form as presently authorized eliminated the substantive requirement that the plaintiff prove a defect except under those circumstances
when substantive law eliminates the necessity of such proof... the injuries are either permanent or continuing in nature and plaintiff will suffer the losses
and impairment in the future... As a result plaintiff was injured in and about his/her body and extremities.. sues defendant....

..
...(date). GENERAL FORM
(TYPE OF BOND)
WE. The “Approved on [. .. . and Distress.960 in the blank provided for
the condition of the bond. as principal and (surety’s name).
As Principal
(Surety’s name)
By
As Attorney in Fact
As Surety
Approved on .. otherwise it remains in force. .12....
VARIOUS BOND CONDITIONS
The following conditions are to be inserted in the second paragraph of form 1..]” line is moved to a location immediately above the clerk’s name. personal representatives... successors.961.. . as Surety. for the payment of which we bind ourselves.. See section 76..
. pay all costs and charges that are adjudged against plaintiff in this action .
BOND.
(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
Committee Notes
1992 Amendment. ....
FORM 1.
(a) Attachment. Other proper conditions must be inserted for other types of bonds.(date). are bound to (defendant’s name) in the
sum of $. our heirs.. . pay all costs and damages that defendant sustains in consequence of plaintiff improperly suing out (type
of writ) in this action ....
NOTE: The condition of an attachment bond in aid of foreclosure when the holder of the property is unknown is different from the foregoing condition... .FORM 1. then this bond is void. Garnishment..
(c) Replevin....960....
THE CONDITION OF THIS BOND is that if plaintiff shall (insert condition).. Florida Statutes... (plaintiff’s name). . jointly and severally....
124
..
SIGNED AND SEALED on ....
(b) Costs. and
assigns.

FORM 1.
FORM 1.970.965.
DEFENSE. a copy
of the release being attached.000.
NOTE: This form is for the usual case of a written release.969.. .. and default of the plaintiff must be varied to meet the facts of each case..
DEFENSE.
DEFENSE.
DEFENSE. consideration. The contract. plaintiff shall return the property replevied if return of it is adjudged.. FAILURE OF CONSIDERATION
The sole consideration for the execution and delivery of the promissory note described in paragraph .. claim.
FORM 1.. It must be varied to meet the facts
of other cases falling within the statute. the last clause must
be omitted and the word “orally” inserted before “released...
DEFENSE.. .”
FORM 1.
DEFENSE...
FORM 1...
NOTE: This form is for failure to complete the loan evidenced by a promissory note... defendant delivered to plaintiff and plaintiff accepted from defendant (specify consideration)
in full satisfaction of plaintiff’s claim. ACCORD AND SATISFACTION
On .968.. RELEASE
On .967. and item of damages did not accrue within the time prescribed by law for them
before this action was brought.. STATUTE OF FRAUDS
The agreement alleged in the complaint was not in writing and signed by defendant or by some other person
authorized by defendant and was to answer for the debt. PAYMENT
Before commencement of this action defendant discharged plaintiff’s claim and each item of it by payment. and after plaintiff’s claim in this action accrued.. MOTOR VEHICLE CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE
125
.(date)...
DEFENSE. and shall pay defendant all
money recovered against plaintiff by defendant in this action .. or miscarriage of another person.
NOTE: This form is for one of the cases covered by the Statute of Frauds. of
the complaint was plaintiff’s promise to lend defendant $1.
FORM 1. plaintiff failed to lend the sum to defendant.
FORM 1.. . prosecute this action to effect and without delay.971. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
Each cause of action. and if defendant recovers judgment against plaintiff in
this action.966. plaintiff released defendant from it. .(date). If the release is not in writing. default...

...... 1....
_____________________
Attorney for ..(Attorney General for the state of Florida
or State Attorney for the ..
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment..975.
Telephone No.. having a reasonable opportunity to avoid it. The form is paraphrased from Standard Jury Instruction 3.
STANDARD INTERROGATORIES
The forms of Florida standard interrogatories approved by the supreme court shall be used in the actions to
which they apply. ..(Florida statute..... ..
FORM 1... on .......976.. but must be served solely in order to comply with the notice requirements set forth in section 86... and..977. with respect to
the constitutional challenge brought pursuant to ...... FLORIDA STATUTES
The undersigned hereby gives notice of compliance with Fla.... subject to the requirements of rule 1. See rule 1.....(certified or registered
mail)..8..(Florida statute...
FACT INFORMATION SHEET
126
... or franchise
challenged)..... ASSUMPTION OF RISK
Plaintiff knew of the existence of the danger complained of in the complaint.. Civ. realized and appreciated the
possibility of injury as a result of the danger.
FORM 1...............Plaintiff’s negligence contributed to the accident and his/her injury and damages because he/she negligently
operated or maintained the motor vehicle in which he/she was riding so that it collided with defendant’s motor
vehicle..... P..
NOTICE OF COMPLIANCE WHEN CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGE IS
BROUGHT
NOTICE OF COMPLIANCE WITH
SECTION 86......340...972.091... ordinance. or franchise challenged)......
Address . voluntarily exposed himself/herself to the danger...... charter.071. by . This form is to be used to provide notice of a constitutional challenge as required by section 86....... Florida
Statutes..... ordinance. This form is amended to show the substantive changes caused by the substitution of the doctrine of comparative negligence for contributory negligence... charter.
DEFENSE...091...091.(date)...
FORM 1.
2010 Adoption... with a copy of the pleading or motion challenging
..
Florida Bar No..
FORM 1. R. Judicial Circuit).... The undersigned complied by serving the .. This form is to be used when the Attorney General or the State Attorney is not a named party to the
action...071........

.................................................. Average Paycheck: $
per
Rate of Pay: $
per
...................................................
..........
Names and Ages of All Your Children (and addresses if not living with you):
per
Child Support or Alimony Paid: $
Names of Others You Live With:
You
Spouse
Other Person
Who is Head of Your Household?
Account #
Checking Account at:
Account #
Savings Account at:
For Real Estate (land) You Own or Are Buying:
Address:
All Names on Title:
Mortgage Owed to:
Balance Owed:
Monthly Payment: $
(Attach a copy of the deed or mortgage............. mutual funds.................................... Also provide the same information on any other property you own or are buying.............. on the back of this sheet or on an additional sheet if necessary......
Average Commissions or Bonuses: $
Commissions or bonuses are based on
from
Other Personal Income: $
(Explain details on the back of this sheet or an additional sheet if necessary................ or list the legal description of the property on the back of this sheet or
an additional sheet if necessary..........................................)
Birthdate:
Social Security Number:
Driver’s License Number:
Spouse’s Name:
Marital Status:
....................
(CAPTION)
FACT INFORMATION SHEET
Full Legal Name:
Nicknames or Aliases:
Residence Address:
Mailing Address (if different):
(Business)
Telephone Numbers: (Home)
Name of Employer:
Address of Employer:
Position or Job Description:
per
...)
For All Motor Vehicles You Own or Are Buying:
Year/Make/Model:
Color:
127
..................................
Spouse Related Portion
Spouse’s Address (if different):
Birthdate:
Spouse’s Social Security Number:
Spouse’s Employer:
per
Spouse’s Average Paycheck or Income: $
per
(Explain details on back of this sheet or an additional sheet if necessary...(a) For Individuals................ including stocks........)
Other Family Income: $
Describe all other accounts or investments you may have........ savings bonds............................ or
annuities.............

TOGETHER WITH ALL
ATTACHMENTS.. and sale price..... (year .... HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO THE JUDGMENT CREDITOR’S ATTORNEY...... bicycles. loaned.. take an
oath........ Any deeds or titles to any real or personal property you own or are buying........... I SWEAR OR AFFIRM THAT THE FOREGOING ANSWERS ARE
TRUE AND COMPLETE. Your last 2 income tax returns filed.... or transferred any real or personal property worth more than $100 to any person
in the last year? If your answer is “yes.. day of . sold. this ...
Judgment Debtor
STATE OF FLORIDA
COUNTY OF ..
c.......
128
. by .. as well as other vehicles...
THE JUDGMENT DEBTOR SHALL FILE WITH THE CLERK OF THE COURT A NOTICE OF
COMPLIANCE AFTER THE ORIGINAL FACT INFORMATION SHEET.
WITNESS my hand and official seal............).........
Notary Public
State of Florida
My Commission expires: ...... or lists of assets and liabilities submitted to any person or
entity within the last 3 years...
e.... Your motor vehicle registrations and titles...... as identification and who ..
who is personally known to me or has produced ... loan applications.. and give the name
and address of the person who received the property.
f.
d......did/did not.. OR
TO THE JUDGMENT CREDITOR IF THE JUDGMENT CREDITOR IS NOT REPRESENTED BY
AN ATTORNEY... credit union. Your last pay stub...... market value.. Your last 3 statements for each bank. savings... or leases to property you are
renting... ... or aircraft. motorcycles....
b...
Does anyone owe you money? Amount Owed: $
Name and Address of Person Owing Money:
Reason money is owed:
Please attach copies of the following:
a......
UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY............Vehicle ID #:
Tag No:
Mileage:
Present Value: $
Names on Title:
Loan Owed to:
Balance on Loan: $
Monthly Payment: $
(List all other automobiles..... or other financial account. such as boats...
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this .)
Have you given.” describe the property.. Your financial statements.. on the
back of this sheet or an additional sheet if necessary.(year). day of ..

savings and loan.
2.
3. please state the address(es):
No
Please check if the entity owns the following:
Boat
Camper
Stocks/bonds
Other real property
Other personal property
Please attach copies of the following:
1.
(CAPTION)
FACT INFORMATION SHEET
Name of entity:
Name and title of person filling out this form:
Telephone number:
Place of business:
Mailing address (if different):
Gross/taxable income reported for federal income tax purposes last three years:
/$
$
/$
$
/$
$
Taxpayer identification number:
Yes
No
Is this entity an S corporation for federal income tax purposes?
Average number of employees per month
Name of each shareholder. member.(b) For Corporations and Other Business Entities. All bank.
7.
5. All deeds. leases. purchase. or partners:
Account #
Checking account at:
Account #
Savings account at:
Yes
Does the entity own any vehicles?
For each vehicle please state:
Color:
Year/Make/Model:
Tag No:
Mileage:
Vehicle ID No:
Present Value: $
Names on Title:
Loan Owed to:
Balance on Loan: $
Monthly Payment: $
Yes
No
Does the entity own any real property?
If yes. or partner owning 5% or more of the entity’s common stock. Bills of sale or other written evidence of the gift. or other transfer of any personal or real
property to or from the entity within the 12 months immediately preceding the date this lawsuit was filed. directors. Copies of state and federal income tax returns for the past 3 years.
4. All canceled checks for the 12 months immediately preceding the service date of this Fact Information
Sheet for accounts in which the entity held any legal or equitable interest. Motor vehicle or vessel documents. and other account books and statements for accounts in institutions in which
the entity had any legal or equitable interest for the past 3 years. or other equity interest:
Names of officers. sale. mortgages. liabilities. including titles and registrations relating to any motor vehicles or
vessels owned by the entity alone or with others. Financial statements as to the entity’s assets. preferred
stock. and owner’s equity prepared within the 12
129
.
6. members. or other written instruments evidencing any interest in or ownership of real
property at any time within the 12 months immediately preceding the date this lawsuit was filed.

....980.(year)....
months immediately preceding the service date of this Fact Information Sheet.........
UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY. HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO THE JUDGMENT CREDITOR’S ATTORNEY........... this ............. OR
TO THE JUDGMENT CREDITOR IF THE JUDGMENT CREDITOR IS NOT REPRESENTED BY
AN ATTORNEY....... This form is added to comply with amendments to rule 1. I SWEAR OR AFFIRM THAT THE FOREGOING ANSWERS ARE
TRUE AND COMPLETE......
Committee Notes
2000 Adoption.....
Notary Public
State of Florida
My Commission expires: . shareholders.....
9...
The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me on . by ........
THE JUDGMENT DEBTOR SHALL FILE WITH THE CLERK OF THE COURT A NOTICE OF
COMPLIANCE AFTER THE ORIGINAL FACT INFORMATION SHEET...
Judgment Debtor’s Designated
Representative/Title
STATE OF FLORIDA
COUNTY OF ....
FORM 1............. ... partners...(date).. or board of directors passed within 2 years
of the service date of this Fact Information Sheet....
130
... or board of directors held within
2 years of the service date of this Fact Information Sheet.. who is personally
known to me or has produced .... shareholders........... as identification and who ............
Minutes of all meetings of the entity’s members..did/did not.. TOGETHER WITH ALL
ATTACHMENTS.. for failure to serve any paper
on the undersigned or file any paper as required by law......
Dated on ..
Attorney for Plaintiff
DEFAULT
A default is entered in this action against the defendant named in the foregoing motion for failure to serve or
file any paper as required by law.........560.........
WITNESS my hand and official seal..
Resolutions of the entity’s members...8.
DEFAULT
MOTION FOR DEFAULT
Plaintiff moves for entry of a default by the clerk against defendant ..... partners.. day of ..... take an oath........

address.....
at .........
PROSPECTIVE JUROR QUESTIONNAIRE
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PROSPECTIVE JURORS
1.(date)...
FORM 1..... the owner and holder of that certain final judgment rendered in the above-captioned civil
action.......
Dated on ......
(first)
(middle)
(last)
131
... to the provision of certain assistance.... by mail
on ........... it may be prudent to include that recording information. on ...... To ensure identity of the signer.......
FORM 1.(date).. County. Circuit Judge...982.. if you are hearing or voice impaired....................... at no cost to you........ call 711........... dated .........(date).... If a certified copy of the judgment is recorded...983......... and I certify that a copy hereof has been furnished to ... in the ...... recorded in . A separate motion is unnecessary................. does
hereby acknowledge that all sums due under it have been fully paid and that final judgment is hereby satisfied
and is canceled and satisfied of record.. Official Records Book ....... by failing to ..........
CONTEMPT NOTICE
MOTION AND NOTICE OF HEARING
TO: (name of attorney for party.
Judgment Owner and Holder (or their attorney)
Committee Note
2003 Amendment. County Courthouse at .............m..... Florida....
NOTE: The particular violation must be inserted in the motion and notice... Name (print) ................. and telephone number] within 2 working days of your receipt of this contempt notice.......... This satisfaction of judgment is a general form.....
SATISFACTION OF JUDGMENT
SATISFACTION OF JUDGMENT
The undersigned.......... Please contact [identify applicable court
personnel by name......981.... It is a new form.. for an order adjudging (defendant’s
name) in contempt of court for violation of the terms of the order or judgment entered by this court on
.... or party if not represented)
YOU ARE NOTIFIED that plaintiff will apply to the Honorable ..
you are entitled. notarization is prudent but not required...
If you are a person with a disability who needs any accommodation in order to participate in this proceeding..(Name of Clerk)
As Clerk of the Court
By
As Deputy Clerk
FORM 1........ beginning at Page .

132
..........2.........
..................
10......................................................
(yes)
............... date of conviction.....................
8................
4..
(yes)
...........
Sex ............
(no)
Is your eyesight good? ........................................... and name of court in which convicted:
....................... state.............)
11......................................
(yes)
.......... Are you a bonded deputy sheriff?
...........................
(yes)
.......... Do you have any other physical or mental disability that would interfere with your service as a juror?
....... or county government:
....................
(no)
If “yes.............. ...
7...........................
(no)
(The court may require a medical certificate..... Is your hearing good? ............................... Occupation ................................
(yes)
.
(no)
9.....................................” state nature of crime............
(no)
If “yes.............
.......
(street and number)
(city)
(zip)
3.....................
.................. Have you ever been convicted of a crime and not restored to your civil rights?
........ Residence address .............
...................” state nature of charge and name of court in which the case is pending:
..... Are there any criminal charges pending against you of which you are aware?
...
(yes)
(no)
5................................... Do you understand the English language?
................................... Date of birth ...... Do you read and write the English language?
................................................ List any official executive office you now hold with the federal..........................................
(no)
6..............
(yes)
...............

(yes)
(no)
If “yes,” state nature: ............................................
(The court may require a medical certificate.)
12. Do you know of any reason why you cannot serve as a juror?
...........
(yes)

..........
(no)

If “yes,” state reason:
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
13. MOTHERS AND EXPECTANT MOTHERS ONLY: Florida law provides that expectant mothers and
mothers with children under 18 years of age residing with them shall be exempt from jury duty upon their
request. Do you want to be exempt under this provision?
...........
(yes)

..........
(no)

If “yes,” what are the ages of your children?
...............................................................................

Signature
This is not a summons for jury duty. If your name is later drawn for jury service, you will be summoned by
the sheriff by registered mail or in person.
NOTE: This form does not use a caption as shown in form 1.901. It may be headed with the designation of
the jury-selecting authority such as “Board of County Commissioners of Leon County, Florida,” or “Pinellas
County Jury Commission.”

You have been selected as a prospective juror. It will aid the court and help shorten the trial of cases if you
will answer the questions on this form and return it in the enclosed self-addressed stamped envelope within the
next 2 days. Please complete the form in blue or black ink and write as dark and legibly as you can.
1. Name (print) .........................................................
(first)
(middle)
(last)
2. Residence address .................................................
3. Years of residence: In Florida ...............................
In this county ........................................................
4. Former residence ..................................................

133

5. Marital status: (married, single, divorced, widow, or widower)
6. Your occupation and employer .............................
7. If you are not now employed, give your last occupation and employer
8. If married, name and occupation of husband or wife
9. Have you served as a juror before? .......................
10. Have you or any member of your immediate family been a party to any lawsuit? .......... If so, when and in
what court? ...........................................................
11. Are you either a close friend of or related to any law enforcement officer?
12. Has a claim for personal injuries ever been made against you or any member of your family?
13. Have you or any member of your family ever made any claim for personal injuries?

Juror’s Signature
NOTE: This form does not have a caption as shown in form 1.901, but should be headed with the name of the
court summoning the juror.

FORM 1.986.

VERDICTS

In all civil actions tried by a jury, the parties should refer to the model verdict forms contained in the Florida
Standard Jury Instructions in Civil Cases, as applicable.

FORM 1.988.

JUDGMENT AFTER DEFAULT

(a) General Form. This form is the general form for a judgment after default, not including recovery for prejudgment interest and attorneys’ fees:
FINAL JUDGMENT
This action was heard after entry of default against defendant and
IT IS ADJUDGED that plaintiff, .....(name and address)....., recover from defendant, .....(name and address,
and social security number if known)....., the sum of $.......... with costs in the sum of $.........., that shall bear
interest at the rate of .....% a year, for which let execution issue.
ORDERED at ...................., Florida, on .....(date)......

Judge
(b) Form with Interest and Fees. This form is for judgment after default including prejudgment interest and

134

attorneys’ fees recovered:
FINAL JUDGMENT
This action was heard after entry of default against defendant and
IT IS ADJUDGED that plaintiff, .....(name and address)....., recover from defendant, .....(name and address,
and social security number if known)....., the sum of $.......... on principal, $.......... for attorneys’ fees with costs
in the sum of $.........., and prejudgment interest in the sum of $.........., making a total of $.......... that shall bear
interest at the rate of .....% a year, for which let execution issue.
ORDERED at ...................., Florida, on .....(date)......

Judge
NOTE: The address of the person who claims a lien as a result of the judgment must be included in the judgment in order for the judgment to become a lien on real estate when a certified copy of the judgment is recorded. Alternatively, an affidavit with this information may be simultaneously recorded. For the specific requirements, see section 55.10(1), Florida Statutes; Hott Interiors, Inc. v. Fostock, 721 So. 2d 1236 (Fla. 4th DCA
1998). The address and social security number (if known) of each person against whom the judgment is rendered must be included in the judgment, pursuant to section 55.01(2), Florida Statutes.
Committee Notes
1980 Adoption. This form is new.
2003 Amendment. Subdivision (b) is amended to include prejudgment interest in the total judgment pursuant to Quality Engineered Installation, Inc. v. Higley South, Inc., 670 So. 2d 929 (Fla. 1996).

FORM 1.989.

ORDER OF DISMISSAL FOR LACK OF PROSECUTION

(a) Notice of Lack of Prosecution.
NOTICE OF LACK OF PROSECUTION
PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that it appears on the face of the record that no activity by filing of pleadings, order
of court, or otherwise has occurred for a period of 10 months immediately preceding service of this notice, and
no stay has been issued or approved by the court. Pursuant to rule 1.420(e), if no such record activity occurs
within 60 days following the service of this notice, and if no stay is issued or approved during such 60-day period, this action may be dismissed by the court on its own motion or on the motion of any interested person,
whether a party to the action or not, after reasonable notice to the parties, unless a party shows good cause in
writing at least 5 days before the hearing on the motion why the action should remain pending.
(b) Order Dismissing Case for Lack of Prosecution.
ORDER OF DISMISSAL
This action was heard on the .....respondent’s/ court’s/interested party’s..... motion to dismiss for lack of prosecution served on .....(date)...... The court finds that (1) notice prescribed by rule 1.420(e) was served on
.....(date).....; (2) there was no record activity during the 10 months immediately preceding service of the foregoing notice; (3) there was no record activity during the 60 days immediately following service of the foregoing
notice; (4) no stay has been issued or approved by the court; and (5) no party has shown good cause why this
action should remain pending. Accordingly,

135

. 4th DCA
1998). Fostock... Florida Statutes.... making a total of
$. Florida Statutes.....(name and address).. For the specific requirements...
FINAL JUDGMENT FOR PLAINTIFF. pursuant to section 55. for which let execution issue.......
ORDERED at ... 721 So. . Florida Statutes.......... Alternatively.(name and address)....
ORDERED at ........
FORM 1.... 2d 1236 (Fla.991.(name and address... Florida... on .
Judge
NOTE: The address of the person who claims a lien as a result of the judgment must be included in the
judgment in order for the judgment to become a lien on real estate when a certified copy of the judgment is recorded.IT IS ORDERED that this action is dismissed for lack of prosecution..... v.
and social security number if known). on ..
136
. Hott Interiors.....
Judge
FORM 1.10(1)... Florida.
FINAL JUDGMENT FOR DEFENDANT......... The address and social security number (if known) of each person against whom the judgment is
rendered must be included in the judgment. 4th
DCA 1998)... the sum of $. that shall bear interest at the rate of . Inc. Florida.. that shall bear interest at the rate of ...(date). pursuant to section 55... Alternatively.. take nothing by this action and that defendant....(date).. recover from defendant... Florida Statutes... and social security number if known)....... shall go hence without day and recover costs
from plaintiff in the sum of $....01(2)...... For the specific requirements. an affidavit with this information may be simultaneously recorded.
Judge
NOTE: The address of the person who claims a lien as a result of the judgment must be included in the judgment in order for the judgment to become a lien on real estate when a certified copy of the judgment is recorded...01(2)... Hott Interiors.990. JURY ACTION FOR DAMAGES
FINAL JUDGMENT
Pursuant to the verdict rendered in this action
IT IS ADJUDGED that plaintiff...(name and address. Fostock. 2d 1236 (Fla... .% a year. v.
ORDERED at . on .. see section 55. see section 55..... JURY ACTION FOR DAMAGES
FINAL JUDGMENT
Pursuant to the verdict rendered in this action
IT IS ADJUDGED that plaintiff.. Inc.... an affidavit with this information may be simultaneously recorded. The address and social security number (if known) of each person against whom the judgment is rendered must be included in the judgment... ......(date).... 721 So........ with costs in the sum of $. .... for which let execution
issue..........% a year.10(1)............................

.. 721 So..... Alternatively... Hott Interiors. NON-JURY
FINAL JUDGMENT
This action was tried before the court.............10(1).. The address and social security number (if known)
of each person against whom the judgment is rendered must be included in the judgment.(date). NON-JURY
FINAL JUDGMENT
This action was tried before the court.... an affidavit with this information
may be simultaneously recorded.
Judge
NOTE: Findings of fact can be inserted after “presented” if desired. The address of the person who claims a
lien as a result of the judgment must be included in the judgment in order for the judgment to become a lien on
real estate when a certified copy of the judgment is recorded.....% a year.. For the specific requirements.... Florida statutes. GENERAL FORM....994.
FORM 1... 2d 1236 (Fla...(name and address)..
ORDERED at . Florida......993... (list adjudications in numbered paragraphs)
2..01(2). Inc.. Alternatively......... shall go hence without day and recover costs
from plaintiff in the sum of $.(name and address.10(1).. address.... ...... v....)
ORDERED at .. ... Fostock..... pursuant to section
55. that shall bear interest at the rate of .... and social security number if known)... . an affidavit with this information
may be simultaneously recorded. For the specific requirements.. and
social security number requirements..FORM 1. Fostock.. 2d 1236 (Fla. take nothing by this action and that defendant.. Inc. v... see section 55.
FINAL JUDGMENT FOR DEFENDANT.... on .... pursuant to section
137
..... The address of the person who claims a
lien as a result of the judgment must be included in the judgment in order for the judgment to become a lien on
real estate when a certified copy of the judgment is recorded.(date)..... On the evidence presented
IT IS ADJUDGED that:
1.... see section 55... 4th DCA 1998). Florida Statutes. 4th DCA 1998).. GENERAL FORM... on ....... Hott Interiors.... On the evidence presented
IT IS ADJUDGED that plaintiff.
Judge
NOTE: Findings of fact can be inserted after “presented” if desired.
FINAL JUDGMENT FOR PLAINTIFF............. 721 So......
(See note below on name.. Florida Statutes.. Florida. for which let execution
issue... The address and social security number (if known)
of each person against whom the judgment is rendered must be included in the judgment.

721 So.. v.. .(date).. 38 So...(name and address..
Fostock... on . paragraph 2 of the form provides that the
plaintiff can also recover damages for the wrongful taking and detention of the property...55. Florida statutes. Ocala Foundry &
Machine Works v.
(b) Judgment in Favor of Plaintiff when Defendant Has Possession.. Alternatively.995(b)... has the right against defendant.01(2).
Florida Statutes..... has the right against defendant. Florida Statutes (1995).. see form 1..... which shall bear interest at the rate of . .... Lester. Inc.(name and address..
FINAL JUDGMENT OF REPLEVIN
NOTE APPLICABLE TO FORMS (a)–(d): The address of the person who claims a lien as a result of the
judgment must be included in the judgment in order for the judgment to become a lien on real estate when a
certified copy of the judgment is recorded.. Florida Statutes.. 49 Fla.
FINAL JUDGMENT OF REPLEVIN
This matter was heard on plaintiff’s complaint.. Florida. pursuant to section 55.. as damages for the detention of the property and
the sum of $.. Plaintiff. for
which let execution issue. see section 55............. making a total of $. and social security if known). ..995. Plaintiff shall recover from defendant the sum of $. together with costs....(name and address).. For the specific requirements. an affidavit with this information may be simultaneously recorded...
FORM 1..
If the defendant has possession of part of the property. to possession of the following described property:
138
.
ORDERED at ........... On the evidence presented
IT IS ADJUDGED that:
1. 51 (1905). On the evidence presented
IT IS ADJUDGED that:
1....18. to retain possession of the following described property:
(list the property and include a value for each item)
2...(name and address)......10(1)..... 199. The address and social security number (if known) of each person against whom the judgment is rendered must be included in the judgment...% per year.
FINAL JUDGMENT OF REPLEVIN
This matter was heard on plaintiff’s complaint... and social security number if known)........ as costs. Hott Interiors... ....
(a) Judgment in Favor of Plaintiff when Plaintiff Has Possession.. 4th DCA 1998)..... Plaintiff..01(2).
Judge
NOTE: This form applies when the plaintiff has recovered possession under a writ of replevin and prevailed
on the merits. 2d 1236 (Fla.
Generally these damages are awarded in the form of interest unless loss of use can be proven. Pursuant to section 78.

.....(name and address).. If the plaintiff elects the writ of possession for the property and the sheriff is unable to find it or part of it.. making a total of $...... .. not damages for its detention....% per year. costs in
the sum of $..... and social security number if known)...... has the right against plaintiff.... Defendant.. and attorneys’ fees in the sum of $......
139
..
(c) Judgment in Favor of Defendant when Defendant Has Possession under Forthcoming Bond................
Pursuant to section 78. Florida. or
2.... which shall bear interest at the rate of .... Defendant retook possession of all or part of the property under a forthcoming bond... as damages for the detention of the property and
the sum of $. the officer shall release all property taken under the writ..... for the wrongful taking of the property.. on ..19(2). Defendant shall recover from plaintiff the sum of $.. allows the plaintiff to recover the property or its value or the
value of the plaintiff’s lien or special interest. and defendant’s attorney has reasonably expended ...
If the plaintiff has possession of part of the property. which shall bear interest at the rate of . is a reasonable
hourly rate for the services.
3. Plaintiff shall recover from defendant the sum of $....
FINAL JUDGMENT OF REPLEVIN
This matter was heard on plaintiff’s complaint.. for
which let execution issue...995(a)........ 5th DCA 1993). to possession of the following described property:
(list the property and include a value for each item)
2.. Section 78.. If the plaintiff elects execution for the whole amount.
Judge
NOTE: This form applies when the plaintiff prevails on the merits and the defendant retains possession of the
property.% per year.............. 621 So..
3.....
Paragraph 3 of the form provides for damages for detention only against the defendant because the defendant’s surety obligates itself only to ensure forthcoming of the property.. hours in representing defendant in this action and $. 2d 740 (Fla.(list the property and include a value for each item)
for which the clerk of the court shall issue a writ of possession. The value for purposes of paragraph 2 is either the value of the
property or the value of the plaintiff’s lien or special interest. Florida Statutes...(date). Florida Statutes (1995).. On the evidence presented
IT IS ADJUDGED that:
1.... Plaintiff shall recover from defendant [if applicable add “and surety on the forthcoming bond”] the sum
of $..... for which let execution issue.. paragraphs 1 and 2 of the form provide the plaintiff the option
of obtaining either a writ of possession or execution against the defendant and defendant’s surety on a money
judgment for property not recovered......19...... the plaintiff may
immediately have execution against the defendant for the whole amount recovered or the amount less the value
of the property found by the sheriff. which shall bear interest at the rate of ..
ORDERED at .. Stramondo...... for which let execution issue.(name and address. .... Demetree v.... see form 1...% per year.. making a total of $........ as costs. for the value of the property....

. has the right against plaintiff.... as damages for detention of the property and the
sum of $..
FINAL JUDGMENT OF REPLEVIN
This matter was heard on plaintiff’s complaint...995(c)...... costs...(date).. Florida.. If the defendant elects execution for the whole amount.... or
2...... Defendant. Florida....19 allow the defendant to recover the property or its value or the value of the defendant’s special interest.... Stramondo...% per year.. The prevailing defendant may be awarded possession..
ORDERED at . for the taking of the property.995(d)....
If the plaintiff has possession of part of the property...... and attorneys’ fees.
Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the form provide to the defendant the option of obtaining either a writ of possession or
execution against the plaintiff and plaintiff’s surety on a money judgment for property not recovered and costs. and social security number if known)... Section 78.... ..
Judge
NOTE: This form applies when the defendant prevails and the property was retained by or redelivered to the
defendant. the officer shall release all property
taken under the writ. 621 So.(date)... as costs.... on ... to recover possession of the following described property:
(list the property and include a value for each item)
for which the clerk of the court shall issue a writ of possession.. does not provide for an award of attorneys’ fees when the defendant
prevails and possession had been temporarily retaken by the plaintiff... Defendant shall recover from plaintiff the sum of $. making a total of $.. Sections 78...... for
which let execution issue..... for the value of the property. see form 1.20... provides for an award of attorneys’ fees.......21 and 78....ORDERED at .% per year. which shall bear interest at the rate of ...... the defendant may immediately have execution
against the plaintiff and surety for the whole amount recovered or the amount less the value of the property
found by the sheriff....21.(name and address.. If the defendant elects the writ of possession for
the property and the sheriff is unable to find it or part of it.
Judge
NOTE: This form should be used when the defendant prevails but the plaintiff has possession of the property..... On the evidence presented
IT IS ADJUDGED that:
1. 5th DCA 1993)..
Demetree v... on .. if any.. for which let execution issue...
If the defendant has possession of part of the property. ......
140
.... see form 1.... Defendant shall recover from plaintiff [if applicable add “and surety on plaintiff’s bond”] the sum of
$...(name and address)...
Section 78... Florida Statutes (1995)..
(d) Judgment in Favor of Defendant when Plaintiff Has Possession.
3... which shall bear interest at the rate of . damages... Florida Statutes (1995). 2d 740 (Fla.

....g... On the evidence presented
IT IS ADJUDGED that:
1. beginning at ..
... Florida:
(describe property)
3.............
Other: ... in accordance with section 45...(name and address).................031... .
Interest to date of this judgment
...... the clerk of this court shall sell the property at public sale on ..
LESS: Other ........
Taxes
.. at the courthouse located at ......% a year......................)
Attorneys’ fees total
....... Plaintiff............................
.... (name of city).
Title search expense
.........(time of sale)......... north door)... on the pre-
141
. Florida.... Plaintiff holds a lien for the total sum superior to all claims or estates of defendant(s)...... is due
Principal
$........................ County.... using the following method (CHECK ONE):
□
At .. County in ....
that shall bear interest at the rate of ............. e.....(date)....
Subtotal
$. in .996(a)................. except as prescribed in paragraph 4....... Given the
amount of the fee requested and the labor expended..
LESS: Escrow balance
...............
FINAL JUDGMENT OF FORECLOSURE
FINAL JUDGMENT
This action was tried before the court.FORM 1.............. on the following
described property in ........... Florida
Statutes.....
Court costs.......................... the Court finds that a lodestar analysis is not necessary and
that the flat fee is reasonable.................(street address of courthouse)....... to the highest
bidder for cash.........
Finding as to reasonable hourly rate:
...... now taxed
....... If the total sum with interest at the rate described in paragraph 1 and all costs accrued subsequent to this
judgment are not paid..........
Attorneys’ fees
Finding as to reasonable number of hours: ..
Other*:
.........
TOTAL
$.
2.(location of sale at courthouse.............
(*The requested attorney’s fee is a flat rate fee that the firm’s client has agreed to pay in this matter..........

however.
□
By electronic sale beginning at . the total sum due to plaintiff. PLEASE CHECK WITH THE CLERK OF THE
COURT.. fourth.. that the purchaser of the property for
sale shall be responsible for the documentary stamps payable on the certificate of title.. documentary stamps affixed to the certificate. by paying: first. ASK SOMEONE ELSE. and by retaining any remaining amount pending the further
order of this court. except as to
claims or rights under chapter 718 or chapter 720. PREFERABLY AN ATTORNEY WHO IS NOT RELATED TO THE PERSON OFFERING TO HELP YOU.
IF YOU DECIDE TO SELL YOUR HOME OR HIRE SOMEONE TO HELP YOU CLAIM THE
ADDITIONAL MONEY.. second. if any.. without limitation. Jurisdiction of this action is retained to enter further orders that are proper including. On filing the certificate of sale. so far as they are sufficient. all of plaintiff’s costs.. plaintiff’s attorneys’ fees.
[If the property being foreclosed on has qualified for the homestead tax exemption in the most recent approved tax roll.. the final judgment shall additionally contain the following statement in conspicuous type:]
IF YOU ARE THE PROPERTY OWNER. or such part of it as is necessary to pay the bid in full..scribed date. the clerk shall credit plaintiff’s bid with the total sum with interest and costs accruing subsequent to this
judgment. YOU MUST FILE A CLAIM WITH THE CLERK NO LATER THAN 60 DAYS
AFTER THE SALE..
6.
IF YOU ARE A SUBORDINATE LIENHOLDER CLAIMING A RIGHT TO FUNDS REMAINING
AFTER THE SALE. IF THEY CANNOT ASSIST YOU. Plaintiff shall advance all subsequent costs of this action and shall be reimbursed for them by the clerk if
plaintiff is not the purchaser of the property for sale. less the items paid. THEY MAY BE ABLE TO REFER YOU TO A LOCAL BAR REFERRAL AGENCY OR SUGGEST OTHER OPTIONS. defendant(s) and all persons claiming under or against defendant(s) since
the filing of the notice of lis pendens shall be foreclosed of all estate or claim in the property. IF
YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO PAY AN ATTORNEY.. Florida Statutes. IF YOU FAIL TO FILE A CLAIM.
IF THIS PROPERTY IS SOLD AT PUBLIC AUCTION. a
deficiency judgment. THERE MAY BE ADDITIONAL MONEY
FROM THE SALE AFTER PAYMENT OF PERSONS WHO ARE ENTITLED TO BE PAID FROM
THE SALE PROCEEDS PURSUANT TO THE FINAL JUDGMENT.(time of sale). If plaintiff is the purchaser.
7. YOU
ARE NOT REQUIRED TO HAVE A LAWYER OR ANY OTHER REPRESENTATION AND YOU DO
NOT HAVE TO ASSIGN YOUR RIGHTS TO ANYONE ELSE IN ORDER FOR YOU TO CLAIM
ANY MONEY TO WHICH YOU ARE ENTITLED.. the person named on the certificate of title shall be let into possession of the property. On filing the certificate of title the clerk shall distribute the proceeds of the sale. third.(website).. (INSERT INFORMATION FOR APPLICABLE COURT) WITHIN 10 DAYS AFTER THE SALE
TO SEE IF THERE IS ADDITIONAL MONEY FROM THE FORECLOSURE SALE THAT THE
CLERK HAS IN THE REGISTRY OF THE COURT... YOU WILL NOT BE ENTITLED TO ANY
REMAINING FUNDS. on the prescribed date at .
5..
4.. YOU SHOULD READ VERY CAREFULLY ALL PAPERS YOU ARE REQUIRED TO SIGN. Upon the filing of the certificate of
title. IF YOU
CHOOSE TO CONTACT (NAME OF LOCAL OR NEAREST LEGAL AID OFFICE AND TELEPHONE
142
. provided. TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU ARE SIGNING AND THAT YOU ARE NOT TRANSFERRING YOUR PROPERTY OR THE EQUITY IN YOUR PROPERTY WITHOUT THE PROPER INFORMATION. YOU MAY CONTACT (INSERT LOCAL OR
NEAREST LEGAL AID OFFICE AND TELEPHONE NUMBER) TO SEE IF YOU QUALIFY FINANCIALLY FOR THEIR SERVICES. YOU MAY CLAIM THESE FUNDS YOURSELF.. plus interest at the rate prescribed
in paragraph 1 from this date to the date of the sale.

Alternatively. The requirement that the form include the address and social security number of all defendants was eliminated to
protect the privacy interests of those defendants and in recognition of the fact that this form of judgment does not create a personal final
money judgment against the defendant borrower.
MOTION TO CANCEL AND RESCHEDULE FORECLOSURE SALE
Plaintiff moves to cancel and reschedule the mortgage foreclosure sale because:
1.031.. Changes are also made based on 2008 amendments to section 45. claimed.
Defendant has filed a Chapter
Petition under the Federal Bankruptcy Code....
Defendant has entered into a contract to sell the property that is the subject of this matter and
c.. Fostock.0315.
Plaintiff wants to give the Defendant an opportunity to consummate the sale and pay off the debt that is due and
owing to Plaintiff..
d. The address and social security number of the defendant borrower should be included in any deficiency judgment later obtained against the defendant borrower. Florida Statutes. see section 55.
Plaintiff and Defendant have entered into a Forbearance Agreement..10(1).... Inc.
Judge
NOTE: Paragraph 1 must be varied in accordance with the items unpaid.
2.
143
.031. On
scheduled for
this Court entered a Final Judgment of Foreclosure pursuant to which a foreclosure sale was
..(date). and to
better align the form with existing practices of clerks and practitioners.996(b). Florida. 20 . For the specific requirements. Florida Statutes.. Florida Statutes.
Defendant is negotiating for the sale of the property that is the subject of this matter and Plaintiff
b. v. YOU SHOULD DO SO AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER RECEIPT
OF THIS NOTICE... The form does
not provide for an adjudication of junior lienors’ claims nor for redemption by the United States of America if it
is a defendant.. but rather an in rem judgment against the property.. 4th
DCA 1998).
e.NUMBER) FOR ASSISTANCE.
Committee Notes
1980 Amendment.
2010 Amendment. Hott Interiors...
Plaintiff and Defendant are continuing to be involved in loss mitigation. The address of the person who claims a lien as a result of the judgment must be included in the
judgment in order for the judgment to become a lien on real estate when a certified copy of the judgment is recorded. an affidavit with this information may be simultaneously recorded.
FORM 1.. permitting courts to
order sale by electronic means. The sale needs to be canceled for the following reason(s):
a....
f. 721 So.. Florida Statutes..
Plaintiff has ordered but has not received a statement of value/appraisal for the property... The reference to writs of assistance in paragraph 7 is changed to writs of possession to comply with the consolidation
of the 2 writs.
ORDERED at .. and proven. on .
Additional changes were made to bring the form into compliance with chapters 718 and 720 and section 45.2d 1236 (Fla.. Mandatory statements of the mortgagee/property owner’s rights are included as required by the 2006 amendment to
section 45.
wants to allow the Defendant an opportunity to sell the property and pay off the debt that is due and owing to
Plaintiff. The breakdown of the amounts due is now set out in column format
to simplify calculations..

Defendant
II.g.
I hereby certify that a copy of the foregoing Motion has been furnished by U.) If
the most descriptive label is a subcategory (is indented under a broader category).
□ Condominium
□ Contracts and indebtedness
□ Eminent domain
□ Auto negligence
□ Negligence—other
□ Business governance
□ Business torts
□ Environmental/Toxic tort
□ Third party indemnification
□ Construction defect
□ Mass tort
□ Negligent security
□ Nursing home negligence
□ Premises liability—commercial
□ Premises liability—residential
□ Products liability
□ Real property/Mortgage foreclosure
144
.
TYPE OF CASE
(If the case fits more than one type of case.
FORM 1. facsithis
day of
. Plaintiff moves that it be rescheduled. This form shall be filed by the plaintiff or petitioner for the use
of the Clerk of Court for the purpose of reporting judicial workload data pursuant to Florida Statutes section
25. 20 . select the most definitive category.075. This form is used to move the court to cancel and reschedule a foreclosure sale. If this Court cancels the foreclosure sale. (See instructions for completion.
CASE STYLE
(Name of Court)
Case #:
Plaintiff
Judge:
vs.
mile or hand delivery to
NOTE.S.
CIVIL COVER SHEET
The civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replace nor supplement the filing and service
of pleadings or other papers as required by law.997. mail postage prepaid.
Other
3.)
I.
place an x in both the main category and subcategory boxes.

(H) Environmental/Toxic tort .□ no
I CERTIFY that the information I have provided in this cover sheet is accurate to the best of my knowledge and
belief.all matters involving injury to a person or property allegedly resulting
146
. probate.
I. including statutory claims for relief on account of
death or injury.
II. in which a condominium association is a party.
(F) Business governance .
Fla. first.all matters relating to the taking of private property for public use.
Type of Case. or public service corporations. Place an “X” in the appropriate box.928. middle
initial) of plaintiff(s) and defendant(s).
(A) Condominium . or control of a company.
(I) Third party indemnification .
(B) Contracts and indebtedness . that are not included in other main categories.997.
Case Style.
(J) Construction defect . but excluding contract disputes involving condominium associations.
(G) Business torts .
(C) Eminent domain .all contract actions relating to promissory notes and other debts. Definitions of the cases are provided below in the order they appear
on the form. If the most definitive label is a subcategory (indented under a broader category label). including
those arising from the sale of goods.
(L) Negligent security .all matters relating to a civil action involving numerous plaintiffs against one or more defendants. select the
most definitive. the appropriate case number assigned at the time of filing of the
original complaint or petition.
(D) Auto negligence .all matters relating to liability for economic loss allegedly caused by interference with economic or business relationships.all matters relating to claims that violations of environmental regulatory provisions or exposure to a chemical caused injury or disease.
(M) Nursing home negligence .all civil lawsuits in which damage or injury was allegedly caused by defects in the
construction of a structure. place an
“X” in the category and subcategory boxes. If the cause fits more than one type of case. Enter the name of the court. Bar #
Signature
Attorney or party
(Bar # if attorney)
(type or print name)
FORM 1.all matters relating to the management.
Failure to file a civil cover sheet in any civil case other than those excepted above may result in sanctions.
Date
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ATTORNEYS COMPLETING CIVIL COVER SHEET
Plaintiff must file this cover sheet with first paperwork filed in the action or proceeding (except small claims
cases or other county court cases. the name of the judge assigned (if applicable).
(N) Premises liability—commercial .
(E) Negligence—other . administration.all matters involving injury to a nursing home resident resulting from negligence of nursing home staff or facilities. political subdivisions.
(K) Mass tort . and the name (last. or family cases). Domestic and juvenile cases should be accompanied by a completed Florida Family Law Rules of Procedure Form 12.all actions sounding in negligence. Florida Statutes. Cover Sheet for Family Court Cases.all matters arising out of a party’s allegedly negligent operation of a motor vehicle. including inverse condemnation by state agencies.all matters relating to liability transferred to a third party in a financial relationship.all civil lawsuits pursuant to Chapter 718.all matters involving injury to a person or property allegedly resulting from insufficient
security.

(O) Premises liability—residential . including foreclosures associated with condominium associations or condominium units. or wages.a challenge to a statute or ordinance. retaliation.
(AI) Libel/Slander .all matters relating to written. citing a violation of
the Florida Constitution.all matters relating to the business activities of financial services companies or banks
acting in a fiduciary capacity for investors.
(AB) Business transactions . sex.
(Z) Other . or other business information that is kept
confidential to maintain an advantage over competitors. land improvements.
(AJ) Shareholder derivative action .
(Q) Real property/Mortgage foreclosure .
(AF) Discrimination—employment or other .
(W) Malpractice—business . title.
(AH) Intellectual property .
(AK) Securities litigation .
147
.
(P) Products liability .all civil matters not included in other categories.
(U) Other real property actions . or aural defamation of character.241.all matters relating to the financial interest or instruments of a company or corporation. or boundaries of real property.
(AL) Trade secrets . estates.all matters relating to negligence of those other than medical or business
professionals. All matters involving foreclosures or sales of real property. Check the
category that includes the estimate of the amount in controversy of the claim (section 28.
(AG) Insurance claims .all matters relating to intangible rights protecting commercially valuable products
of the human intellect.all matters relating to the possession.
(S) Homestead residential foreclosure .all matters relating to actions that affect financial or economic interests. process. oral.all matters relating to a business’s or business person’s failure to exercise the degree of care and skill that someone in the same line of work would use under similar circumstances.
(V) Professional malpractice .all matters relating to claims filed with an insurance company. harassment.
(AA) Antitrust/Trade regulation . or property rights not involving commercial or residential foreclosure.
(AD) Constitutional challenge—proposed amendment . Florida Statutes).all matters relating to land.all matters relating to a doctor’s failure to exercise the degree of care and skill that
a physician or surgeon of the same medical specialty would use under similar circumstances.from a defect on the premises of a commercial property.all matters relating to unfair methods of competition or unfair or deceptive
business acts or practices. Check the category that includes the estimate of the amount in controversy of the claim (section 28.
(R) Commercial foreclosure .
(AE) Corporate trusts .241.
(AC) Constitutional challenge—statute or ordinance .all matters relating to discrimination.all civil matters involving guardianships. Florida Statutes). Check the category that includes the estimate of the amount in
controversy of the claim (section 28.
race. but excluding challenges to a citizen-initiated proposed constitutional amendment because
the Florida Supreme Court has direct jurisdiction of such challenges. including employment.
(T) Nonhomestead residential foreclosure . Check the category that includes the estimate of the
amount in controversy of the claim (section 28.all matters relating to the termination of a residential property owner’s
interest by a lender to gain title or force a sale to satisfy the unpaid debt secured by the property where the property has been granted a homestead exemption.all matters involving injury to a person or property allegedly resulting from the manufacture or sale of a defective product or from a failure to warn. handicap.
(AM)Trust litigation .241. visual. Florida Statutes).all matters relating to the termination of a business owner’s interest in commercial property by a lender to gain title or force a sale to satisfy the unpaid debt secured by the property. or trusts and not appropriately filed in
probate proceedings.all matters relating to the termination of a residential property owner’s interest by a lender to gain title or force a sale to satisfy the unpaid debt secured by the property where the
property has not been granted a homestead exemption.all matters involving injury to a person or property allegedly resulting from
a defect on the premises of a residential property. age. Florida Statutes).all matters relating to a formula.all professional malpractice lawsuits.241. device.all matters relating to actions by a corporation’s shareholders to protect
and benefit all shareholders against corporate management for improper management.
(X) Malpractice—medical .
(Y) Malpractice—other professional .a challenge to a legislatively initiated proposed constitutional amendment.

)
I. Related Cases. Sign the civil cover sheet. note
the number and the name of the cause of action. MEANS OF FINAL DISPOSITION (Place an “x” in one box for major category and one subcategory. Is Jury Trial Demanded In Complaint? Check the appropriate box to indicate whether a jury trial is
being demanded in the complaint
ATTORNEY OR PARTY SIGNATURE. Print legibly the name of the person signing the civil cover sheet. (See instructions on the reverse of the form.
VII. Number of Causes of Action. Insert the date the civil cover sheet is
signed.
IV. Remedies Sought. check all that apply.III. if
applicable. Place an “X” in the appropriate box.
VI. If more than one remedy is sought in the complaint or petition. Place an “X” in the appropriate box. only)
Dismissed Before Hearing
Dismissed Pursuant to Settlement – Before Hearing
Dismissed Pursuant to Mediated Settlement – Before Hearing
Other – Before Hearing
Dismissed After Hearing
Dismissed Pursuant to Settlement – After Hearing
Dismissed Pursuant to Mediated Settlement – After Hearing
Other After Hearing – After Hearing
Disposed by Default
Disposed by Judge
Disposed by Non-jury Trial
Disposed by Jury Trial
Other
148
.075. If the complaint or petition alleges more than one cause of action.
FORM 1.998. Signature is a certification that the filer has provided accurate information on the civil cover sheet. Attorneys must include a Florida Bar number.
FINAL DISPOSITION FORM
This form shall be filed by the prevailing party for the use of the Clerk of Court for the purpose of reporting
judicial workload data pursuant to Florida Statutes section 25.
Class Action.
V.
Defendant
II.
CASE STYLE
(Name of Court)
Case #:
Plaintiff
Judge:
vs. Place an “X” in the appropriate box.

if applicable. or otherwise disposed of by other means not listed in categories (A) through (L). summary judgment after hearing and any matter in which a judgment is entered excluding cases disposed of
by default as in category (I) above. middle initial) of plaintiff(s) and defendant(s). Place an “x” in the appropriate major category box and in the appropriate
subcategory box.
(K)
Disposed by Non-Jury Trial—the case is disposed as a result of a contested trial in which there is no
jury and in which the judge determines both the issues of fact and law in the case.
(G)
Dismissal Pursuant to Mediated Settlement . transferred.Before Hearing—the case is dismissed before hearing in an action that does not fall into one of
the other disposition categories listed on this form. conditional judgments. voluntarily dismissed.
(A)
Dismissed Before Hearing—the case is settled.
Means of Final Disposition.Before Hearing—the case is voluntarily dismissed by the
plaintiff after a settlement is reached with mediation before a hearing is held. The following are the definitions of the disposition categories. first.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ATTORNEYS COMPLETING FINAL DISPOSITION FORM
I.
(B)
Dismissed Pursuant to Settlement .After Hearing—the case is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff after a settlement is reach without mediation after a hearing is held.After Hearing—the case is dismissed after hearing in an action that does not fall into one of the
other disposition categories listed on this form. voluntarily dismissed.
(M) Other—the case is consolidated.
Case Style. Includes stipulations by the parties.
Disposed by Default—a defendant chooses not to or fails to contest the plaintiff’s allegations and a
judgment against the defendant is entered by the court.
(E)
Dismissed After Hearing—the case is dismissed by a judge.
(D)
Other . the name of the judge assigned to the case and the names (last.DATE
SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY FOR PREVAILING PARTY
FORM 1. or settled after a
hearing is held. submitted to arbitration or mediation.
(H)
Other .
DATE AND ATTORNEY SIGNATURE. the appropriate case number assigned at the time of filing of the
original complaint or petition.998.
II.
(I)
(J)
Disposed by Judge—a judgment or disposition is reached by the judge in a case that is not dismissed
and in which no trial has been held. Date and sign the final disposition form.
149
. Enter the name of the court.
(C)
Dismissal Pursuant to Mediated Settlement .
(F)
Dismissal Pursuant to Settlement .
(L)
Disposed by Jury Trial—the case is disposed as a result of a jury trial (consider the beginning of a jury
trial to be when the jurors and alternates are selected and sworn).After Hearing—the case is voluntarily dismissed by the
plaintiff after a settlement is reach with mediation after a hearing is held. or otherwise disposed of before a
hearing is held.Before Hearing—the case is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff
after a settlement is reached without mediation before a hearing is held.

Civ.”
The clerk of the court shall designate this case a “complex case... P....999. County. Florida.FORM 1.... R..
and rule 2.....(date).
ORDER DESIGNATING A CASE COMPLEX
This form order is for designating a case complex under rule 1. Fla.
DONE AND ORDERED at ...
Judge
150
.201.. on . and
report such designation and the case activity to the Supreme Court pursuant to section 25.. Fla.. Being fully advised in the circumstances.....075. Florida Statutes.. the court determines that the case meets the criteria for proceeding under the rule and designates it as a “complex case.245(a)..201 and directing the clerk of court to update the
court’s records and to report the case activity to the Supreme Court. Admin... Jud. R..” update the court’s records accordingly.
ORDER DESIGNATING CASE A “COMPLEX CASE”
DIRECTIONS TO THE CLERK OF COURT
THIS CAUSE was considered on [the court’s own motion] [the motion of a party] to designate this case a
“complex case” as defined in rule 1..

who prescribed them. and was the testimony at any trial.APPENDIX — STANDARD INTERROGATORIES FORMS
FORM 1.
151
. which under the law under which you were convicted was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of 1 year. and.
6. as to any injuries you contend are permanent. the person’s official position or relationship with the party to whom the interrogatories are directed?
2. state as to each conviction the specific crime
and the date and place of conviction. state the type and amount of alcoholic beverages. was any written report prepared by anyone regarding this charge. List all former names and when you were known by those names. if so. do
you have a copy of the report.)
1. Do you wear glasses. what was the nature of the infirmity. when were they prescribed. Describe in detail how the incident described in the complaint happened. Describe in detail each act or omission on the part of any party to this lawsuit that you contend constituted negligence that was a contributing legal cause of the incident in question. what plea or answer. Were you charged with any violation of law (including any regulations or ordinances) arising out of the
incident described in the complaint? If so. if you are or have ever been married. unless otherwise
stated. Were you suffering from physical infirmity. or sickness at the time of the incident described in
the complaint? If so. the name of your spouse or spouses.
and. and when and where you consumed them. did
you enter to the charge. other than any juvenile adjudication. what is the name and address of the person or entity that prepared the report. drugs.
9. what was the nature of the charge. and. and what is the name and address of the examiner?
5. the nature of the injury. or sickness?
7. contact lenses. or that involved
dishonesty or a false statement regardless of the punishment? If so. the dates you lived at each address.
or medication which were consumed. specifying the part of your body
that was injured. your date of birth. including all actions taken by
you to prevent the incident. and. and. State all addresses where you have
lived for the past 10 years. your Social Security number. Have you ever been convicted of a crime.
4. answer with respect to that person or entity. dates of employment. if any. business addresses. including self-employment. or hearing aids? If so. the effects on you
that you claim are permanent. or other proceeding on the charge
recorded in any manner. disability. when were your eyes or ears last examined. What is the name and address of the person answering these interrogatories. List the names. Describe each injury for which you are claiming damages in this case.
8. and rates of pay regarding all employers. if so. for whom you have worked in the past 10 years. what court or agency heard the charge.
10. hearing. Did you consume any alcoholic beverages or take any drugs or medications within 12 hours before the
time of the incident described in the complaint? If so. what is the name and address of the person who recorded the testimony?
11. if applicable. disability.
GENERAL PERSONAL INJURY NEGLIGENCE — INTERROGATORIES TO
PLAINTIFF
(If answering for another person or entity.
3.

and. and the amount and the method that you used in computing the amount. state whether you were plaintiff or defendant.
22. plat. Do you contend that you have lost any income. what item such
person has.
19. state the terms of the agreement and the parties to it. and describe as to each.
time. giving for each item the date incurred. medical facilities. and state as to each the
dates of examination or treatment and the condition or injury for which you were examined or treated. the name and address of each person who heard it. or your attorneys to have any knowledge concerning any of the issues in this lawsuit. who has knowledge about. Do you intend to call any expert witnesses at the trial of this case? If so. the substance of the facts and opinions to which the witness is expected
to testify.
14. the name and address of the person who took or prepared it. the nature of the action. and substance of each statement.
21. List the names and addresses of all persons who are believed or known by you. or control of. and the date and court
in which such suit was filed. in a lawsuit other than the present
matter. state the amounts paid or payable.
16. state as to each such witness the
name and business address of the witness.
20. List the names and business addresses of each physician who has treated or examined you. and a summary of the grounds for each opinion.
13. motion picture. or your attorneys. or possession. your agents. benefits. the
name and business address of the person or entity to whom each was paid or is owed. custody. and which of those third parties have or claim a right of subrogation. or other health care providers by whom or at which you have been examined or treated in the past 10 years. the witness’s qualifications as an expert. List each item of expense or damage. Please state if you have ever been a party. and the goods or services
for which each was incurred. benefits. videotape. and specify the subject matter about
which the witness has knowledge. map. List the names and business addresses of all other physicians. the name and business address of the
person or entity who paid or owes said amounts. other than loss of income or earning capacity.
18. or
photograph pertaining to any fact or issue involved in this controversy. state the nature of the income. place. state the name and address of each person who made the statement or statements. Have you heard or do you know about any statement or remark made by or on behalf of any party to this
lawsuit. Has anything been paid or is anything payable from any third party for the damages listed in your answers to these interrogatories? If so. concerning any issue in this lawsuit? If so.
152
. drawing.
15. the subject matter upon
which the witness is expected to testify. or earning capacity in the past or future as a result of the incident described in the complaint? If so. and the date it was taken or prepared. Have you made an agreement with anyone that would limit that party’s liability to anyone for any of the
damages sued upon in this case? If so. that you claim to
have incurred as a result of the incident described in the complaint. State the name and address of every person known to you.12. and state as to each the date of treatment or examination and the injury or condition for which
you were examined or treated. if so. or earning capacity. other than yourself. and the date.
17. any model. either plaintiff or defendant. and each
medical facility where you have received any treatment or examination for the injuries for which you seek damages in this case. your agents.

detailing as to such policies the name of the insurer. List all former names and when you were known by those names. Describe in detail how the incident described in the complaint happened. if so. did
you enter to the charge. and your date of
birth. Have you heard or do you know about any statement or remark made by or on behalf of any party to this
lawsuit. Do you contend any person or entity other than you is. and. and specify the subject matter about
which the witness has knowledge. or your attorneys to have any knowledge concerning any of the issues in this lawsuit. What is the name and address of the person answering these interrogatories. including all actions taken by
you to prevent the incident. hearing.
5. Were you charged with any violation of law (including any regulations or ordinances) arising out of the
incident described in the complaint? If so. other than any juvenile adjudication. and. and the name and address of the custodian of
the policy.)
1. or other proceeding on the charge
recorded in any manner.FORM 2. state the name and address of each person who made the statement or statements.
3.
8.
9.
4. was any written report prepared by anyone regarding the charge. what is the name and address of the person or entity who prepared the report. your Social Security number. if any. the dates you lived at each address.
7. and the date. Have you ever been convicted of a crime. what court or agency heard the charge.
GENERAL PERSONAL INJURY NEGLIGENCE — INTERROGATORIES TO
DEFENDANT
(If answering for another person or entity. liable in whole or part for the claims
asserted against you in this lawsuit? If so. Describe any and all policies of insurance which you contend cover or may cover you for the allegations
set forth in plaintiff’s complaint. what is the name and address of the person who recorded the testimony?
10. what plea or answer. concerning any issue in this lawsuit? If so.
153
. other than yourself.
11. and substance of each statement. which under the law under which you were convicted was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of 1 year. place.
6. and whether or not you
have notified each such person or entity of your contention. and was the testimony at any trial. the person’s official position or relationship with the party to whom the interrogatories are directed?
2.
State the facts upon which you rely for each affirmative defense in your answer. if so. state as to each conviction the specific crime
and the date and place of conviction. state the full name and address of each such person or entity.
the effective dates of the policy. the number of the policy. or that involved
dishonesty or a false statement regardless of the punishment? If so. if applicable. answer with respect to that person or entity. the name and address of each person who heard it. State all addresses where you have
lived for the past 10 years. Describe in detail each act or omission on the part of any party to this lawsuit that you contend constituted negligence that was a contributing legal cause of the incident in question. the available limits of liability. or may be. the legal
basis for your contention. your agents. do
you have a copy of the report. the facts or evidence upon which your contention is based. what was the nature of the charge.
time. List the names and addresses of all persons who are believed or known by you. and. unless otherwise
stated.

and a summary of the grounds for each opinion. what item such
person has. the name and address of the person who took or prepared it. the witness’s qualifications as an expert.
15. and. videotape. Have you made an agreement with anyone that would limit that party’s liability to anyone for any of the
damages sued upon in this case? If so. Please state if you have ever been a party. or possession. Do you intend to call any expert witnesses at the trial of this case? If so. any model. map. state the terms of the agreement and the parties to it. and describe as to each. State the name and address of every person known to you. or your attorneys who has knowledge about. state whether you were plaintiff or defendant. your agents. motion picture. the subject matter upon
which the witness is expected to testify. state as to each such witness the
name and business address of the witness. plat. the nature of the action. either plaintiff or defendant. the substance of the facts and opinions to which the witness is expected
to testify. or control of.
154
. if so. drawing. and the date and court
in which such suit was filed. or
photograph pertaining to any fact or issue involved in this controversy. and the date it was taken or prepared. custody.12.
13. in a lawsuit other than the present
matter.
14.

155
.
24. instruct. and describe in detail the circumstances under which you became aware of each such injury.
28. state what alternative treatment or procedure. state the date you became aware that the injuries
sued on in this action were caused or may have been caused by medical negligence.
27.)
23. Do you contend that you have experienced any injury or illness as a result of any negligence of this defendant? If so. Do you claim this defendant neglected to inform or instruct or warn you of any risk relating to your condition. state the date that each such injury occurred. your agents. or treatment? If so. State the date and place and a description of each complaint for which you contend the defendant refused
to attend or treat you. the defendant failed to inform. or warn
you. care. a description of how the injury was caused. you would have undergone
had you been properly informed. State the name and address of every person or organization to whom you have given notice of the occurrence sued on in this case because you. State the date you became aware of the injuries sued on in this action. state of what. symptom.
29.
26. if any. and describe in detail the
circumstances under which you became aware of the cause of said injuries. in your opinion. What condition. or illness caused you to obtain medical care and treatment from this defendant?
25. or your attorneys believe that person or organization may
be liable in whole or in part to you. If you contend that you were not properly informed by this defendant regarding the risk of the treatment
or the procedure performed.FORM 3.
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE — INTERROGATORIES TO PLAINTIFF
(These interrogatories should be used in conjunction with the General Personal Injury Negligence Interrogatories to Plaintiff. and the
exact nature of each such injury.

degrees received. if any. authorship of any books. give us the name. with sufficient particularity to formulate the basis of a request to produce. where. all medical
records of any kind of which you are aware which deal with the medical treatment or examinations furnished to
the plaintiff at any time. name of publisher. including whether the risks were communicated to the plaintiff. and
honors received by you up to the present time. and teaching experience.
including the names of those writings and their location in medical journals. the claim number. including internships. title of seminars. Please give us your entire professional background up to the present time. including hospital staff privileges and positions. corporation.
16. articles. if so.)
NOTE: When the word “Plaintiff” is mentioned. Please identify. these interrogatories are directed to be answered regarding
(name of plaintiff/patient).
156
. Please state whether any claim for medical malpractice has ever been made against you alleging facts relating to the same or similar subject matter as this lawsuit. the date of the alleged incident. If you believe there was any risk to the treatment you rendered to the plaintiff. starting with your college education and chronologically indicating by date and place each school. Tell us your experience in giving the kind of treatment or examination that you rendered to the plaintiff
before it was given to the plaintiff. the names of all physicians with whom you have practiced. and.
22. Please give us your entire educational background.
and date of publication of every medical book or article. medical specialty training. which
deals with the overall subject matter described in paragraph [whatever paragraph number that concerns negligence] of the complaint. course of study.
20.FORM 4. including dates of employment
or association. and the successful or unsuccessful nature of the outcome of that treatment or those examinations. state as to each such claim the names of
the parties. or texts.
18. the ultimate disposition of the claim. (In lieu of answering this interrogatory you may allow plaintiff’s counsel to inspect
your library at a reasonable time.
21. licenses
earned or revoked.
17. college. board memberships. and whether any of the risks in fact occurred.
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE — INTERROGATORIES TO DEFENDANT
(These interrogatories should be used in conjunction with the General Personal Injury Negligence Interrogatories to Defendant. author. the form of employment or business
relationship such as whether by partnership. journal. and in what manner they
were communicated. or sole proprietorship. and the dates of the relationships. With respect to your office library or usual place of work. state the nature of all
risks. awards or honors received. and
continuing medical education. residencies. or medical text to which you had access. and the
name of your attorney. length of study. when.)
19. whether by you or another person or persons. giving us such information as the approximate number of times you have
given similar treatment or examinations. where the prior treatment or examinations took place.

)
23. Did any mechanical defect in the motor vehicle in which you were riding at the time of the incident described in the complaint contribute to the incident? If so.
24.
157
. describe the nature of the defect and how it contributed
to the incident.
AUTOMOBILE NEGLIGENCE — INTERROGATORIES TO PLAINTIFF
(These interrogatories should be used in conjunction with the General Personal Injury Negligence Interrogatories to Plaintiff. where you were seated in the vehicle. were you wearing a seat belt? If not.FORM 5. At the time of the incident described in the complaint. and whether the vehicle was equipped with a seat belt that was
operational and available for your use. please state
why not.

state the name and address of that person or entity and the nature of the mission or activity. or sickness?
18. and vehicle identification number. when were your eyes or ears last examined.
or medication which were consumed.FORM 6. when were they prescribed. Was the motor vehicle that the defendant driver was driving at the time of the incident described in the
complaint damaged in the incident. model. and what is the name and address of the examiner?
17. and the vehicle itself. Did you consume any alcoholic beverages or take any drugs or medications within 12 hours before the
time of the incident described in the complaint? If so.)
16. the motor vehicle that the defendant driver was driving at the
time of the incident described in the complaint. and when and where you consumed them.
23. At the time of the incident described in the complaint. and. corporations. disability. or hearing aids? If so. describe the nature of the defect and how it contributed
to the incident. drugs. state the names and addresses of
all persons who have such permission. did the driver of the vehicle described in your answer to the preceding interrogatory have permission to drive the vehicle? If so. At the time of the incident described in the complaint.
21. what was the cost to repair the damage?
158
. Do you wear glasses. state the type and amount of alcoholic beverages. and describe both the nature of the ownership interest or right to
control the vehicle. Did any mechanical defect in the motor vehicle in which you were riding at the time of the incident described in the complaint contribute to the incident? If so.
AUTOMOBILE NEGLIGENCE — INTERROGATORIES TO DEFENDANT
(These interrogatories should be used in conjunction with the General Personal Injury Negligence Interrogatories to Defendant.
19.
22. disability. including the make. what was the nature of the infirmity. or sickness at the time of the incident described in
the complaint? If so. List the name and address of all persons. Were you suffering from physical infirmity. if so. contact lenses. was the defendant driver engaged in any mission
or activity for any other person or entity. year. or entities who were registered title owners or
who had ownership interest in. who prescribed them. or right to control. including any employer? If so.
20.

These guidelines are advisory only. witness fee.
Documents and Exhibits
1.
2.
Expert Witnesses
1.
2.
Reasonable Charges Incurred for Requiring Special Magistrates.
The original and one copy of the deposition and court reporter’s per diem for all depositions.
Reasonable court reporter’s per diem for the reporting of evidentiary hearings.
A reasonable fee for deposition and/or trial testimony.
Litigation Costs That Should Be Taxed.
Reasonable Travel Expenses
1. The taxation of costs in any particular proceeding is within the broad discretion of the trial court.
Reasonable travel expenses of witnesses.
The costs of copies of documents filed (in lieu of “actually cited”) with the court.STATEWIDE UNIFORM GUIDELINES FOR
TAXATION OF COSTS IN CIVIL ACTIONS
Purpose and Application.
Reasonable travel expenses of expert when traveling in excess of 100 miles from the
expert’s principal place of business (not to include the expert’s time).
F. even if the copies were not used at trial.
C. and service of witnesses for deposition and/or trial.
B.
E.
III.
Court Reporting Costs Other than for Depositions
1.
Witnesses
1.
A.
A. and the costs of preparation of
any court ordered report.
3. trial
and post-trial hearings.
B.
Litigation Costs That Should Not Be Taxed as Costs.
Telephone toll and electronic conferencing charges for the conduct of telephone and
electronic depositions. Guardians Ad Litem.
which are reasonably necessary to assist the court in reaching a conclusion.
I.
Burden of Proof. In addition.
The costs of copies obtained in discovery.
A. or (2) prejudice the rights of any litigant
objecting to an assessment of costs on the basis that the assessment is contrary to applicable substantive law.
2.
The Cost of Long Distance Telephone Calls with Witnesses.
Mediation Fees and Expenses
1. the trial court should consider and reward utilization of innovative
technologies by a party which subsequently minimizes costs and reduce the award when use of innovative technologies that were not used would have resulted in lowering costs. these guidelines are not intended
to (1) limit the amount of costs recoverable under a contract or statute. With this goal in mind.
Depositions
1. and Attorneys Ad Litem
II.
D. it is the burden of the moving party to show that all requested costs
were reasonably necessary either to defend or prosecute the case at the time the action precipitating the cost was
taken.
Litigation Costs That May Be Taxed as Costs.
Costs of subpoena.
The original and/or one copy of the electronic deposition and the cost of the services
of a technician for electronic depositions used at trial. The trial court should exercise that discretion in a manner
that is consistent with the policy of reducing the overall costs of litigation and of keeping such costs as low as
justice will permit. both Expert and Non-Expert (including conferences concerning scheduling of depositions or requesting witnesses to attend
trial)
159
.
Costs and fees of mediator. Under these guidelines.

Any Expenses Relating to Consulting But Non-Testifying Experts
Cost Incurred in Connection with Any Matter Which Was Not Reasonably Calculated to Lead
to the Discovery of Admissible Evidence
Travel Time
1.
2.B.
C.
E.
Travel time of expert(s).
D.
Travel Expenses of Attorney(s)
160
.
Travel time of attorney(s).