Birth and the Newborn Baby

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Presentation on theme: "Birth and the Newborn Baby"— Presentation transcript:

2 Childbirth and Culture: How Birthing Has ChangedHome DeliveriesMidwivesReducing the Risks of ChildbirthAntibioticsSafe anesthesiaImproved hygieneDrugs for inducing labor

3 Childbirth and Culture: How Birthing Has ChangedContemporary Settings for ChildbirthHospitalHome births with a trained nurse-midwifeHomelike birth centersRooming-in policies“Demedicalizing” and “humanizing” the experience

4 The Birth Process Labor ParturitionBegins about two weeks before deliveryUterine, cervical and other changes occurFalse contractions (Braxton-Hicks)

5 The Birth Process Stages of Childbirth Dilation of the cervixLasts 12 to 14 hoursDescent and emergence of the babyLasts 1 to 2 hoursExpulsion of the placentaLasts 10 minutes to 1 hour

7 The Birth Process Vaginal Versus Cesarean DeliveryVaginal is the usual methodReasons for CesareanLabor progresses too slowlyFetus seems to be in troubleVaginal bleedingBreech or transverse position of baby

9 The Newborn BabyAdrenaline and Noradrenaline Are Produced by the Baby’s Body During BirthCauses lungs to clearMobilizes stored fuel to nourish cellsSends blood to the heart and brainMay promote bonding with the mother

10 The Newborn Baby Size and AppearanceNeonates in the U.S. average about 7 ½ pounds and 20 inches longLarge head ¼ the body lengthRed skinBirthmarksReceding chin

14 The Newborn Baby States of Arousal and Activity LevelsState of arousal is inbornMost new babies spend 75% of their time asleepAlternates between quiet and active sleepAs the child grows into toddlerhood its sleep time decreasesSleep schedules vary across cultures

17 Complications of Childbirth- And Their AftermathLow Birth WeightFactors concerning having a low-birth-weight babyDemographic and socioeconomic factors13.7 percent of African American babies have low birth weightMedical factors predating the pregnancyPrenatal behavioral and environmental factorsMedical conditions associated with the pregnancy

18 Complications of Childbirth- And Their AftermathLow Birth WeightImmediate treatment and outcomesFeeding intravenouslyPlace infant in an isoletteAdministering surfactant

20 Complications of Childbirth- And Their AftermathPostmaturity42+ weeks’ gestationTend to be long and thinComplicates laborRisk of brain damage or deathInduction of labor is common

21 Complications of Childbirth- And Their AftermathStillbirthDeath of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestationPerinatal deathDeath of a baby within 24 hours after childbirthWomen over 35 or under 20 have higher risk

22 Complications of Childbirth- And Their AftermathCan a Supportive Environment Overcome Effects of Birth Complications?Infant Health and Development ProgramKauai StudyProtective factors

24 Newborns and Parents What Do Newborns Need From Their Mother?Harry Harlow’s experimentComfort of close bodily comfortFather’s RoleDiffers by cultureChanged much since mothers began to work outside the home