Oromerycids are placed in the artiodactyl suborder Tylopoda, which also includes camels and a variable number of extinct families. Some researchers have viewed the similarity to camels as strong enough to warrant placement of oromerycids within the family Camelidae as a subfamily, Oromerycinae, but most have favored placement in a distinct family, albeit a closely related one.

Oromerycids were very similar to early members of other tylopod families, but they lack the specializations of those families, such as the bony protuberances on the skulls of protoceratids or the strongly elongated limbs of camels. Like other tylopods, oromerycids had selenodont teeth and gracile limbs. In fact, oromerycids show only a few specializations that distinguish them from other tylopods, the most notable being fusion of the radius and ulna in the forearm and the presence of a cleft between the entoconid and hypoconulidcusps on the last lower molar.