Contents

Online History

Monaco

History

At the beginning of the Second World War, Monaco was a neutral state. When the Axis powers moved into the French unoccupied zone after the Allied landings in North Africa, the Italian Army occupied Monaco on 11 November 1942 and set up a Fascist government administration. After Italy signed a separate peace agreement with the Allies, in 1943, the German army occupied Monaco from 9 September 1943 through 3 September 1944, when Monaco was liberated by Allied troops.

In 1940, Monaco had an estimated total population of 21,000 people. About 300 of them were Jews, who originated mostly from France. Monaco enacted some anti-Jewish legislation similar to French regulations in 1941/42, to comparatively little practical effect. On an order given by the Vichy Government on 28 August 1942, 42 non-Monegasque Jews were arrested by French policemen. They were handed over to the Gestapo, transferred to Drancy first and then sent to Auschwitz. During the Italian occupation, there were no deportations. Under German rule, the Gestapo arrested and deported another 45 Jews of various nationalities in Monaco. Only five of the 87 Jews deported from Monaco survived.

Archival Situation

The Archives of the Principality Palace (Archives du Palais Princier) and the Service Central des Archives et de la Documentation Administrative are the most important archival institutions in Monaco.

EHRI Research (Summary)

EHRI has identified the Archives of the Principality Palace as the most likely institution to have documents on the Holocaust period, but found them inaccessible for research at this time. The Jewish Cultural Association of Monaco may also hold relevant archival records. EHRI has yet to determine the exact nature and importance of the holdings of both institutions for Holocaust research. Outside of Monaco, however, EHRI has discovered a limited amount of records pertaining to Monaco during the Holocaust period at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and at NIOD.

EHRI Data Policy

This database might contain special categories of Personal Data and Personal Data relating to criminal convictions or offences, which according to article 9, section 2 under j GDPR and article 24 and 32 under f of the UAVG (Dutch personal data protection act) can be used for research purposes only on the condition that there are appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of the data subject.

Special categories of personal data in EHRI is any data related to an identified or identifiable person related to a person's religious or philosophical beliefs, racial or ethnic origin, political opinion, trade union membership, health, sex life or sexual orientation.

I declare that I will use special categories of personal data and personal data relating to criminal convictions or offences for research purposes only and in general will use this data in accordance with applicable Dutch and international laws and regulations. I am aware of punitive results following a breach of these laws and/or regulations.