Electrostatic Graphene Loudspeaker

Alex Zettl and Qin Zhou of Berkeley Lab have developed a miniaturized graphene-based electrostatic audio transducer. The speaker / earphone is straightforward in design and operation and has excellent frequency response across the entire audio frequency range (20 Hz - 20k Hz) with performance matching or surpassing commercially available audio earphones. Details of this technology are available in the researchers' publication and other articles listed below.