Constituent companies of S&P Dow Jones index products lowered total carbon emissions in 2017, while their share of renewable energy use rose, according to an annual scorecard published by the S&P business index of companies representing 70% of all equity market capitalisation worldwide. The report measures index constituents against five indicators: carbon footprint, fossil fuel reserves, revenue from coal extraction or power generation, the proportion of total energy generated classified as coming from renewable sources, and the risk to corporate earnings of carbon price exposure.