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3 Layers ITU: Constitution (CS), the Convention (CV) and, most important, the Radio Regulations (RR). These instruments are only binding the States and are therefore not directly applicable to individuals, operators or others, concerned by spectrum utilisation. Results finally in National Table of Frequency Allocations (NTFAs) and ITU registers for spectrum use for the purpose of international protection against harmful interference. EU FRAMEWORK FOR THE DELIVERY OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS AND SERVICES (ECN&S) -> “Framework” Directive and the “Authorisation” Directive; article 5 §1 of “Authorisation” Directive and article 9 §1 of the “Framework” Directive National Level - Individual authorisations and general authorisations (without individual rights and obligations)

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Authorisation mechanisms Regulatory options according to ECC Report 132: 1.Individual authorisation (Individual rights of use) 2.General authorisations (No individual rights of use) Authorisations always come from the NRA Individual authorisation regimes: Individual licence; Light-licensing; License-exempt General authorisations: if there is no defined need for limitation of the number of users, coordination or protection, then -> general authorisations (also more efficient / less effort for the adminsitration)

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Spectrum sharing Spectrum: scarce resource but more and more users. Full harmonisation more and more difficult to achieve Current usage and spectrum demand may vary from country to country Need to find ways to share common spectrum, both for individual authorisations and general authorisations, in a flexible way Examples for sharing: Licensed Shared Access TV White Space Use of geolocation database

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Licensed Shared Access (LSA) (I) Scope of the ECC Report 205 on LSA: LSA is a complementary spectrum management tool that fits under an “individual licensing regime”. LSA aim to facilitate the introduction in a frequency band of new users, which require a certain level of guarantee in terms of spectrum access, while maintaining incumbent services in the band. LSA licensees and incumbents operate different applications and are subject to different regulatory constraints. They would each have exclusive individual access to a portion of spectrum at a given location and time.

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LSA (II) The first practical use case of LSA is access to additional spectrum for mobile broadband services (MFCN) in 2.3-2.4 GHz. The implementation of LSA relies on the concept of a “sharing framework” that is under the responsibility of Administration/NRA. Its development requires the involvement of all relevant stakeholders. The “sharing framework” can be understood as a set of sharing rules or sharing conditions that will materialise the change in the spectrum rights of the incumbent and define the spectrum that can be made available for alternative usage under LSA. The practical implementation of LSA as a complementary solution for mobile operators to access spectrum for MFCN in specific bands. Technical conditions for MFCN harmonised (ECC Decision) Details of sharing framework decided at national level, depending upon incumbent use.

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WSD (White Space Devices) - background White space is a part of the spectrum, which is available for a radiocommunication application at a given time in a given geographical area on a non-interfering / non-protected basis with regard to primary services and other services with a higher priority on a national basis

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Techniques enabling introduction of TV WSD Sensing: conduct a measurement within a channel, to determine whether any protected service is present Geo-location: CR systems to define their location and consult a “geo-location” database to determine which frequencies they can use at their location Beacons: signals to indicate that particular channels are either in use by protected services or vacant

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TV WSD – Activities in the ECC What we have in CEPT: ECC Report 159: Technical and operational requirements for the possible operation of cognitive radio systems in the ‘white spaces’ of the frequency band 470-790 MHz ECC Reports 185 “Further definition of technical and operational requirements for the operation of white space devices in the band 470-790 MHz” ECC Report 186 “Technical and operational requirements for the operation of white space devices under geo-location approach”. WGFM: A summary and analysis of the questionnaire on PMSE protection in case of introduction of WSD in the 470-790 MHz band. In progress: WGFM PT FM53 work item for creation of a new ECC Report for TV-WSD (White Space Devices) using geo-location. The aim is to describe the overall regulatory framework for TV WSD using geo-location databases and guidance for national implementation (target date not before the end of 2014). Only afterwards, possible creation of a harmonisation measure (e.g. ECC Recommendation). ECC never received a request (SRdoc) from ETSI on TVWSD.

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Other ideas with regard to geo-location database usage FM PT44 (satellite services) considered the scope of the CoRaSat project, which looks at different sharing scenarios between satellites and other terrestrial services (mostly Fixed Service) or other satellite applications, using cognitive and database methods. ETSI TC SES is creating an ETSI SRdoc (expected mid 2014). E.g. improved FSS Reception at locations “outside” FS Existing work items in WGFM/SRDMG and WGSE/SE24: Some fixed installed Applications such as Assistive Listening Devices in the VHF band (174-216 MHz) or in other spectrum are discussing geolocation approaches. However: geolocation is only one of the options for sharing under discussion, other options such as Sensing /frequency agility are under consideration in other cases.

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Sharing principles for applications under general authorisations Example for Short Range Devices (SRD): sharing principles are set out in CEPT Reports 14 and 44: 1.Equal access to spectrum (and incumbents should not enjoy “seniority”) 2.Technology neutrality 3.Application neutrality (as much as possible) 4.Investigate existing SRD spectrum and existing SRD categories first before considering new spectrum 5.Avoid fragmentation of the spectrum, search for more efficient sharing solutions 6.Foster innovation (broad SRD regulation is more open to new ideas than specific regulations) Examples: 1.New band plans 870-876, 915-921 MHz are more horizontal than vertical (e.g. 863-870 MHz) 2.Medical Applications: LP-AMI, MBANS, Cochlear in 2483.5-2500 MHz are foreseen to share on equal basis and using spectrum access mechanism such as LBT with frequency agility)

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Tendencies for SRD applications’ use of mitigation techniques Example: New band plan 870-876 MHz (from ECC Report 189; work triggered by ETSI SRdocs ) Also: ECC Report 182 (Survey about the use of the frequency band 863-870 MHz) Duty Cycle Mitigation is dominating – Sensing is not part of it !

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Cognitive PMSE (C-PMSE) ECC Report 204: Spectrum Use and Future Requirements for PMSE Initial research activities on cognitive PMSE systems have been initiated in ETSI STF 386 and in a German research project funded by BMWI (German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology) called C-PMSE. Great Potential: Features several in-operation audio PMSE links can be transferred to less impaired spectrum when necessary – without noticeable interruptions; Can lead to more robust and more efficient use of spectrum, especially in UHF bands, including duplex band operations; It’s cognitive because operation frequencies are ”monitored” constantly / service quality checked all the time. Existing audio PMSE systems check only before the event; A reaction to the changes in the UHF terrestrial broadcast spectrum; ETSI Technical Specifications as well as first demonstrator hardware available.

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Applications under the same technical framework More and more difficult to identify spectrum for specific applications: need for more generic approach Example: current activities on 2 GHz Unpaired Bands (1900-1920 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz): as a result of the synergies between PMSE and PPDR, as well as between DECT and SRD, the shortlist indicated in the EC Mandate, composed of five potential harmonised uses of the frequency bands (DA2GC, PMSE, PPDR, DECT and SRD), is covered with 3 usage blocks. Video PMSE / ad-hoc PPDR: coordinated applications – QoS requirements quite high – advanced coordination is already difficult. Advanced monitoring in the ”unplanned event” case not possible. DECT/SRD: DECT proponents already recognised need for technology-neutral regulation. SRD again may use low duty cycle mitigation. DECT uses DCS. No motivation for further mitigation mechanism developments. BB-Direct air to ground communications DA2GC Video links and cordless cameras PMSEPPDR Applications under general authorisation DECTSRD

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