HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich, formerly Philip Mountbatten and Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark (born June 10, 1921), is the husband and distant cousin of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Although he was born a prince of Greece and Denmark, he renounced those titles when he became a British citizen in 1947 and adopted the surname "Mountbatten," (an Anglicized version of "Battenberg") which came from his mother's side of the family and which he saw as more "British" than "Oldenburg" (or "Oldcastle," which was suggested as an Anglicized version), which was the name of the German dukes from whom his father's Danish ancestors were descended.

He was born (on the dining-room table) at Mon Repos, his parents' small house on the island of Corfu, the son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Princess Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie of Battenberg, a great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. He was named Philippos. Following the first abolition of the Greek monarchy, Philip was forced into exile with his poverty-striken parents; he was famously carried in a makeshift cot made from an orange box. Most of Philip's early life was spent moving from home to home, denying him a stable childhood, a situation that was exacerbated by his mother's decline into mental instability, religious mania, and subsequent institutionalization, which is explored at depth in Alice: Princess Andrew of Greece, an authorized 2000 biography by Hugo Vickers.

In adulthood he became a much-admired officer in the Royal Navy and something of a romantic figure (in 1939, according to author Stephen Birmingham, the prince began a brief relationship with American debutante turned nightclub singer and film starlet Cobina Wright, Jr., b. 1921). He married the heir to the British throne, Princess Elizabeth, in 1947, and on that occasion he was created HRH The Duke of Edinburgh by his new father-in-law, King George VI. Sensitive to postwar Britain's feelings, the royal family pointedly did not invite any of their myriad German relations to the wedding. That ban included Philip's sisters, since each was married to a German aristocrat: Margarita married Prince Gottfried of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, a great-grandson of Queen Victoria; Theodora was the wife of the margrave of Baden, and Sophie married Prince Christoph of Hesse (also a Victoria descendant, he was a colonel in the SS), and, later, Prince Georg Wilhelm of Hanover. (Philip's 3rd sister, Cecilie, had been killed in an airplane accident with her husband, Georg Donatus, Grand Duke of Hesse, another great-grandson of Victoria, and their children in 1937.)