Bercovitch, Sacvan. "Melville's Search for National Identity: Son and
Father in Redburn, Pierre, and Billy Budd." College
Language Association Journal 10 (1967): 217-28.

Berthold, Dennis. "Melville, Garibaldi, and the Medusa of Revolution."
American
Literary History 9.3 (1997): 425-59. Also in "Melville, Garibaldi,
and the Medusa of Revolution." National Imaginaries, American Identities:
The Cultural Work of American Iconography. Ed. Larry --Hutner Reynolds,
Gordon. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2000. 104-37.

Michael, Colette. "Billy Budd: An Allegory on the Rights of Man." Allegory
Old and New in Literature, the Fine Arts, Music and Theatre and Its Continuity
in Culture. Ed. Marlies --Tymieniecka Kronegger, Anna-Teresa (ed. &
pref.). Analecta Husserliana. Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. under Auspices of
World Inst. for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning, 1994.
251-58.

Steinmann, Theo. "The Perverted Pattern of Billy Budd in the Nigger
of the 'Narcissus'." English Studies: A Journal of English Language
and Literature 55 (1974): 239-46.

Sten, Christopher W. "Vere's Use of the 'Forms': Means and Ends in
Billy Budd." American Literature 47 (1975): 37-51. Also in On
Melville: The Best From American Literature. Ed. Louis J. Budd and
Edwin Cady. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1988. 188-202.