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A crannog is a type of stronghold that was built by some of the early peoples of Ireland and Scotland. An artificially constructed site for a house or settlement, a crannog was usually built on an islet or in the shallows of a lake. Crannogs were made of timber or sometimes stone, and they were usually fortified by single or double stockaded defenses.

Crannogs range in time from the Late Bronze Age into the European Middle Ages. Their distinctive substructures of brushwood and logs built up from the bottom set them apart from the pile constructions of earlier periods in Switzerland. Crannogs are among the latest prehistoric strongholds and seem to have reached their greatest development in early historic times.

Crannogs were extensively made, and numerous sites have been discovered. Some 2,000 are known in Ireland, and several hundred sites have been identified in Scotland.

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