2| Let's start with MI def. Billing codes less accurate than adjudicated MI outcomes, yes? Could be nondiff misclassification which bias to null. But could also be diff w/ ascertainment bias (look harder, anchoring) knowing CCTA result, since 2/3rds normal or nonobstruct.

3| It is conjecture. But basis of clinical reasoning is to factor in test results. The posterior probability for this theory moves up much higher when we try to figure out by what mechanism did a diagnostic testing strategy lead to better outcomes, since the radiation did zilch

Lots of headlines @escardio re CT-FFR. 1 of most prominent is ADVANCE multicenter registry from @manesh_patelMD & colleagues using @HeartFlow. I'd like to dissect this a bit to see how excitement in a field combined with lots of industry funding can blind us to basic problems.

Team worked across 38 international sites over >2 years to collect data from N=5083 patients w/ “symptoms concerning for CAD”. They had primary endpoint of change in management plan from coronary CTA. That happened in 67% of patients. Most impressive.

Is this a valid endpoint? I contend that this is a measurement of physician psychology rather than of anything objective.

Aortic stenosis: ATTR and AS coexist in the elderly. Common cause of LFLG AS. We have described this @maz_hanna@ClevelandClinic as well as @JoaoLCavalcante, NAC, Columbia, +more. 16% of TAVRs and 30% of LFLG AS with EF<50% may have ATTR.

A protein misfolding disorder in which one of thirty-five distinct proteins pathologically misfolds and aggregates extracellularly as insoluble amyloid fibrils, ultimately leading to organ dysfunction.

3/ You can see that other diseases like Alzheimer’s involve amyloid deposition. We will focus on two types of amyloidosis that affect the heart and nervous system: immunoglobulin light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis.