Chicago Riverwalk Expansion

酒井：芝加哥河的主要支流有着悠久的历史，在很多方面反映了芝加哥自身的发展。这条河曾经是一条蜿蜒的沼泽小溪，它首先成为支持城市工业转型的工程通道。在著名的河道倒流之后，为了改善环境卫生，城市改变了主支路和南支路的水流，建筑师和城市规划师丹尼尔·伯纳姆引入了一个新的城市景观，在河边散步时增加了Wacker Drive高架桥。在过去的十年中，随着芝加哥河道漫步项目的实施，这条河的作用不断演变，该项目旨在为芝加哥的生态、娱乐和经济效益开垦芝加哥河。SASAKI: The Main Branch of the Chicago River has a long and storied history that in many ways mirrors the development of Chicago itself. Once a meandering marshy stream, the river first became an engineered channel to support the industrial transformation of the city. Following the famed reversal of the river, in which the city reversed the flow of the Main Branch and South Branch to improve sanitation, architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham introduced a new civic vision of riverside promenades with the addition of the Wacker Drive viaduct. Over the last decade, the role of the river has been evolving with the Chicago Riverwalk project—an initiative to reclaim the Chicago River for the ecological, recreational and economic benefit of the city.

考虑到河流的高污染水平，把河流当作娱乐设施的目标在几年前似乎不可能实现。但如今，这种愿景正在变成现实。最近河流水质的改善和公共娱乐设施使用强度的增加表明了沿河生活的增长，要求与水边建立新的连接。因此，芝加哥交通部和罗斯·巴尼建筑师领导了第一期河道漫步，第一期包括退伍军人纪念广场和桥屋博物馆广场。The goal of embracing the river as a recreational amenity seemed impossible years ago given the river’s high levels of pollution. But today that vision is becoming a reality. Recent improvements in river water quality and the increased intensity of public recreational use signal growing life along the river, demanding new connections to the water’s edge. Accordingly, the Chicago Department of Transportation and Ross Barney Architects led Phase One of the Riverwalk, an initial segment that includes Veteran’s Memorial Plaza and the Bridgehouse Museum Plaza.

2012年，由Sasaki、Ross Barney建筑师、Alfred Benesch工程师和Jacobs/Ryan协会组成的团队，在技术顾问的支持下，负责完成第二阶段和第三阶段的设想：州街和湖街之间的六个街区。在先前对河流研究的基础上，研究小组的计划提供了沿着河流在湖泊和河流汇合处之间的人行连接。In 2012, the team of Sasaki, Ross Barney Architects, Alfred Benesch Engineers, and Jacobs/Ryan Associates, supported by technical consultants, was tasked with completing the vision for Phases Two and Three: six blocks between State Street and Lake Street. Building off the previous studies of the river, the team’s plans provide a pedestrian connection along the river between the lake and the river’s confluence.

手头的任务在技术上是有挑战性的。例如，设计团队需要在一个严格许可的25英尺宽的建筑区域内工作，以扩大行人活动空间，并在街区之间协商一系列桥下连接。此外，设计必须考虑河流的近七垂直英尺的年洪水动力学。团队将这些挑战转化为机遇，团队设想了新的思路。该小组没有将路径看成由90度转弯组成的路径，而是将路径看作一个更加独立的系统，通过形状和形式的改变，该系统将驱动一系列新的与河流的程序连接。随着新的联系，丰富和多样化的生活沿河，每个街区采取形式和程序不同的河流为基础的类型。这些空间包括：The task at hand was technically challenging. The design team, for instance, needed to work within a tight permit-mandated 25-foot-wide build-out area to expand the pedestrian program spaces and negotiate a series of under-bridge connections between blocks. Further, the design had to account for the river’s annual flood dynamics of nearly seven vertical feet. Turning these challenges into opportunities, the team imagined new ways of thinking about this linear park. Rather than a path composed of 90-degree turns, the team reconceived of the path as a more independent system—one that, through changes in its shape and form, would drive a series of new programmatic connections to the river. With new connections that enrich and diversify life along the river, each block takes on the form and program of a different river-based typology. These spaces include:

码头广场：餐厅和室外座位提供充满活力的生活在水面上，包括通过驳船，巡逻，水上出租车和观光船。The Marina Plaza: Restaurants and outdoor seating provide views of vibrant life on the water, including passing barges, patrols, water taxis, and sightseeing boats.

小强>海湾：皮艇租赁和停靠的人力船只提供物理连接水通过娱乐。The Cove: Kayak rentals and docking for human-powered crafts provide physical connections to the water through recreation.

河畔剧院：连接上Wacker和Riverwalk的雕塑楼梯，为行人提供到水边和座位的连接，而树木提供绿色和阴凉。The River Theater: A sculptural staircase linking Upper Wacker and the Riverwalk offers pedestrian connectivity to the water’s edge and seating, while trees provide greenery and shade.

水上广场：水上特色为儿童和家庭提供了在河边饮水的机会。The Water Plaza: A water feature offers an opportunity for children and families to engage with water at the river’s edge.

The Jetty: A series of piers and floating wetland gardens offers an interactive learning environment about the ecology of the river, including opportunities for fishing and identifying native plants.

一条可通行的人行道和新的海洋沿线创造了通往湖街的连续通道，并在汇合处的这个关键空间为未来的发展设置了场景。The Boardwalk: An accessible walkway and new marine edge creates continuous access to Lake Street and sets the scene for future development in this critical space at the confluence.

作为一个新的连接路径系统，芝加哥滨河步道设计提供了一个公园游客的连续性和多样性。每个类型空间的不同程序和形式允许在河上的不同体验，从就餐机会，扩大公共活动规划到人力船的新设施。同时，设计材料、细节和重复形式在项目的整个长度上提供视觉粘合。例如，铺路反映了现有环境的对比：精致的切割石遵循优雅的波克斯-瓦克高架桥和桥屋建筑，而更坚固的预制板侧翼较低的海拔和暴露的钢桥底部。As a new connected path system, the Chicago Riverwalk design provides both continuity and variety for a park visitor. The distinct programs and forms of each typological space allow for diverse experiences on the river ranging from dining opportunities to expansive public event programming to new amenities for human-powered craft. At the same time, design materials, details, and repeated forms provide visual cohesion along the entire length of the project. Paving, for instance, mirrors the contrasts of the existing context: A refined cut stone follows the elegant Beaux-Arts Wacker viaduct and bridgehouse architecture, while a more rugged precast plank flanks the lower elevations and underside of the exposed steel bridges.

从国家街到拉萨尔街的前三个街区在2015年5月竣工并向公众开放。接下来的三个街区的建设将于2015夏季开始，将于2016完成。The first three blocks, from State Street to LaSalle Street, were completed and opened to the public in May, 2015. The construction of the next three blocks began in summer 2015 and will be completed in 2016.

数据Data

设计：崎崎Design: SASAKI

项目名称：芝加哥滨河步道扩建工程Project name: Chicago Riverwalk Expansion

项目地点：IL芝加哥Project location: Chicago, IL

客户名称：芝加哥市交通运输部Client name: City of Chicago Department of Transportation