Special characters and math[edit]
It is not necessary to upload images to use special characters or even complex mathematical expressions.
Wikipedia uses a UTF-8 encoding scheme, which means that any Unicode character can and should be entered directly. See m:Help:Special characters for details and help. (You can also use SGML entities for certain characters, such as &amp; for & or é for é.)
For mathematical formulae, we use TeX markup. For help and instructions, see m:Help:Formula.

Text files[edit]
Please do not upload plain text (.txt), Microsoft Word (.doc), or text files in other formats. Instead, please start a new page and input the text using standard wiki formatting. Please do not dump text into Wikipedia unless you wrote it yourself, or you know that it meets the project's stringent copyright licensing requirements.
In rare cases an HTML file is uploaded, for example as a test or demonstration.
Occasionally a PDF file is uploaded. However, most PDFs should be converted into wikitext. Source documents should be uploaded to Wikisource instead.
For a discussion on uploading spreadsheets, see the talk page.

Images[edit]
Further information: Wikipedia:Uploading images
See also: Introduction to uploading images
Typically the first step in using an image or other media file is to upload it to Wikimedia Commons, but for legal reasons, some files must be uploaded to the English Wikipedia instead. Wikipedia:Upload helps you to choose between these options.
Images can be displayed directly on Wikipedia pages.
The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) for drawings, though PNG can also be used. Vector graphics are preferred to raster graphics for drawings, because they can be scaled as needed without losing information, and can be edited more easily.
Image usage[edit]
Further information: Wikipedia:Picture tutorial
Type "[[Image:FILENAME|alt=ALT TEXT|TITLE TEXT]]" when you want to display an image file directly. In most cases, a thumbnail is more useful: "[[Image:FILENAME|thumb|alt=ALT TEXT|CAPTION]]". See Wikipedia:Picture tutorial for further information.
See also:
Wikipedia:Extended image syntax
Wikipedia:Image use policy

Audio[edit]
"WP:Audio" redirects here. For the Spoken Wikipedia Project, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia.
Main page: Wikipedia:Media help
Wikipedia uses the Ogg Vorbis, FLAC and WAV format for audio, as they are not encumbered by patents (an issue that prompted the decision in 2004 that MP3 files would not be hosted at Wikipedia[1].) Since then, the MP3 patents have expired and Wikimedia legal has given permission to allow uploading as needed by Wikimedia or its communities[2].
Software supporting Vorbis exists for many platforms. Mozilla Firefox 4, Opera 10.5 and Google Chrome 3 and later each include their own support for Ogg Vorbis files. As for multimedia players, Winamp can be used to play Ogg Vorbis files. Although iTunes does not natively support Vorbis, Xiph.Org provides a QuickTime component which can be used in players that rely on QuickTime, such as iTunes, on both Microsoft Windows and Mac OS. DirectShow filters exist to decode Vorbis in multimedia players like Windows Media Player and others which support DirectShow.
Useful software for audio:
For audio editing, Audacity is a high quality free audio recorder/editor for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux/Unix.
Sweep is another free audio editor which can be used in Linux environments.
For encoding to Ogg Vorbis, it is recommended that you use Hydrogenaudio-recommended encoders for best results. oggenc (cross-platform) is the command-line encoder, while OggDropXPd (Windows-only) is an easy-to-use GUI for encoding to Ogg Vorbis.
dBpowerAMP Music Converter (proprietary, Windows-only) offers a convenient GUI for transcoding between most audio codecs, including Ogg Vorbis. The Vorbis encoder must be downloaded separately from the software, but it is freely available from the same website.
The easiest way to play Ogg Vorbis files on legacy Macintoshes (OS 9 and earlier) is to use JustOgg.
The Vorbis Software Players node at the xiph.org wiki has an up-to-date list of Vorbis-supporting software for all operating systems. Users can test these players using the list of Vorbis audio streams available at [1].
Audio usage[edit]
Most viable is to use Template:Listen, see its page for detailed description, common usage is listed here:
{{listen |filename=FILENAME.ogg |title=TITLE |description=DESCRIPTION }}
Accordion chords
Chords being played on an accordion
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Example:
{{listen |filename=Accordian chords-01.ogg |title=Accordion chords |description=Chords being played on an accordion }}
There are several other audio templates used primarily for demonstrating pronunciation of foreign languages or obscure terms, such as {{audio-IPA}}. When adding a sound file to an article, such as English language or Irish phonology avoid using a template that only links to the raw sound file, as this effectively hides important licensing information that allows readers to see who created and uploaded the file, its source and under what license it was published.
Lists of uploaded music[edit]
Wikipedia:Sound/list
Wikipedia:Sound/list/playlist
Lists of uploaded spoken articles[edit]
Wikipedia:Spoken articles
Further information on audio files[edit]
Wikipedia:Music samples
Category:Song articles missing an audio sample
Wikipedia:WikiProject Free music
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-02-14/Music recordings
Wikipedia:Media help (MIDI)
Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)
Wikipedia:WikiProject Composers/Guidelines for using sound excerpts

Video[edit]
Further information: Wikipedia:Media help
See also Commons:Video and Commons:Help:Converting video
Wikipedia uses WebM and Ogg Theora for video because it is open and royalty-free. Because most popular movie/audio formats are patented and require a royalty, there are no free all purpose video converters. See also WikiCommons' Theora video conversion help page.
Limitations and implementation issues[edit]
Both the Wikipedia project and the Wikimedia Commons limit uploads to a maximum of 100 megabytes (though it is possible to upload larger files using chunked uploads).
Useful software[edit]
For video, ffmpeg2theora [2][3] is a command line encoder capable of converting numerous file formats (.mov, .mpg, .mpeg, .avi) into Ogg Theora. It works on Windows, Macintosh, and Linux/Unix. (how to use ffmpeg2theora.)
You can also use the encoder_example application included with libtheora in combination with a program like MPlayer [4] that is capable of dumping raw (yuv4mpeg) video and sound to encode in Ogg Theora
http://programmer-art.org/projects/arista-transcoder and http://www.linuxrising.org/transmageddon/ are graphical transcoders for Unix / Linux
Kdenlive, OpenShot and other video programs are available for Linux that can edit Theora and WebM videos
The directshow filters can be used to encode Ogg Theora using GraphEdit.[5][dead link]
The Xiph.org wiki has a list of Theora Software Encoders
handbrake is a free (GPL'd) transcoder for Windows, Mac and Linux
Adobe Premiere Pro and Adobe Creative Suite can export videos directly in WebM format by using the free fnordware plugin (Win/Mac).
For assistance with conversion, consider contacting the following editors:
Raul654
Gmaxwell (Linux only)
GChriss (Linux only)
Makaristos (OS X and Linux)
Alton (OS X)
Ivo (all platforms)
Video usage[edit]
Embedding video[edit]
Play media
Television clip of Buzz descending the ladder and stepping onto the moon.
The easiest way to embed video directly into an article is by using the same [[File:]] tag as for image files. The result is on the right.
[[File:A11v 1094228.ogv |thumb |200px |alt=A spacesuited astronaut slowly climbs down a ladder on a complicated metal structure, and then hops the last step onto a bright terrain. |Television clip of Buzz descending the ladder and stepping onto the moon. ]]
Setting a video thumbnail image[edit]
By default, a frame from the midpoint of the video is used for the initial still image. To use a different frame, use the thumbtime parameter. For instance:
[[File:Bombers of WW1.ogg |thumbtime=3 |thumb |200px |alt=World War I era biplanes on bombing runs, captioned "Captain 'Eddie' Rickenbacker, American 'Ace of Aces,' over the lines – looking for a scrap." then "Bombing the German lines." |"Bombers of WW1" with a still from 3 seconds]]
Specify the time in seconds, or use colons to separate hours, minutes and seconds.
Play media
"Bombers of WW1" with a still from the midpoint
Play media
"Bombers of WW1" with a still from 3 seconds
Temporal media fragments[edit]
Play media
Starts at 5 seconds and ends playback at 7 seconds
Allows embed code to reference a segment of the video stream or set a start time. Hover over the player to see start time listed as 5s, press play and notice it stops playback at 7 seconds.
[[File:Weeding.ogv|thumb|300px|start=5|end=7|Starts at 5 seconds and ends playback at 7 seconds]]
Note: This is not yet supported on Safari and Internet Explorer.
Linking to a video[edit]
There are two types of links to a video:
File – To create a link to the video's File Description Page,
use [[:File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]].
To make the text of a link to the video's File Description Page appear as some text other than the video's filename, use [[:File:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]].
Media – To create a link that downloads the video,
use [[Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]] or use [[:Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv]].
To make the text of a link that downloads the video appear as some text other than the video's filename, use [[Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]] or use [[:Media:Time Lapse of New York City.ogv|some text you prefer]].
See also:
m:Video policy
Wikipedia Media Help (Playback)
commons:Category:Commons video resources
Related WikiProjects[edit]
WP:WikiProject Wiki Makes Video
WP:WikiTV
List of WikiTV & WikiVideo projects

Moving files to the Commons[edit]
Main page: Wikipedia:Moving files to the Commons
Many files have been uploaded to Wikipedia. A long-term project under way is to move free content files—including images and audio—to the Wikimedia Commons. The Commons provides a central location for files for use on all Wikimedia Foundation projects.
Commons employs more restrictive policies on copyright issues than the English Wikipedia does; for instance, fair use images such as most images of album cover art cannot be hosted on Commons.