B = regular "B" as in "boy" ("Ba3" - to grab/a handful)P = regular "P" as in "pond" ("Pee2" - skin)M = regular "M" as in "man" ("Ma4" - to curse at)F = regular "F" as in "fun" (Foo2 - good luck)D = regular "D" as in "dog" (Da4 - large)T = regular "T" as in "top" (Tuh4 - special)N = regular "N" in Mandarin as in "no" (Nee3 - you)L = regular "L" as in "low" (Lyü4 - green)G = regular "G" as in "go" (Guh4 - measure word for single things)K = "K" as in "Kid" (Koo4 - storage place)H = somewhat gutteral, similar to "kh" in Arabic or the German "r" (Ha1 - laugh/breathe out)Rh = no English equivalent; combine "Y", "J" and "R" (Rhuh4 - hot) "R" in pinyinShy = like English "she" (Shyü2 - last name) "X" in pinyinJy = like English "gee" (Jyü4 - office)Chy = as in "cheese" (Chyee2 - flag) "Q" in pinyinTs' = like the "TS" in "its", sometimes sounds like "Ch'"(Tsih4 -times) "C" in pinyinCh' = like the "Ch" in "chirp"; also sounds like "TS" at times (Chuh1 - car)Sh' = like the "Sh" in "show"; also pronounced like "S" at times (Shih4 - to be)Zh' = like the "J" in "jerk; also sounds like "Z" at times (Zhoo4 - to stay at)S = regular "S" as in "sand" (Suh4-color)Z = like the "DS" in "nods", sometimes sounds like "Zh" (Zoo3 - group)

Er = sounds like the word "are" by itself, is an "r" after another word.

Then there's "Y" and "W", but I don't think they need to be explained.

Vowel Endings:-a= "ah" as in "ma" -(y)ee = as in "see" i in pinyin-eh = as in "yeah" e in pinyin-oa = as in "boa" o in pinyin-uh = as in "took" e in pinyin-oh = as in "go" ou in pinyin-(w)oo = as in "tune" u in pinyin-(y)ü = like French "tu" -ai= as in "eye" -au = as in "now" ao in pinyin-ay = as in "lay" ei in pinyin

*"Ng" is often put in front of the beginning of vowels but isn't always necessary

-ah-ai = like "eye"-aai = long "ai"-ay = like "ay" in "hay"-au = like the "ow" in "now" -aau = long "-au"-eh = sounds like the "eah" in "yeah" Cheh1- car)-ee = like "ee" in "pee" "-i" in jyutpin-eew = sonds like the "ew" in "few" (Yeew3 - will/want) "-iu" in jyutpin-euh = like the "er" in "her" (Teuh3 - to spit)-o = like the "ough" in "thought"(Ngo5 - me)-oh-oi-eui = no English equivalent; sounds like "uh-ee" put together(Heui3 - to go)-ui = sounds like "ooee" (Wui6 - can/will)-u-yü = like French "tu"(Yü5 - rain)

*Words that end in "k", "p", and "t" sound like English words that have those endings.