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July 7, 2017

Bhutan not the sole sufferer, Beijing is bullying other nations too

The standoff at the India-Bhutan-China trijunction may be in the news at
present but Bhutan is not the only smaller neighbour that has been on
the receiving end of China’s territorial ambitions over the past few
decades.

Several countries in Central Asia (Tajikistan and
Kyrgyzstan), Southeast Asia (Viet​nam, Laos and Cambodia) and East Asia
(Taiwan and Japan) have been forced by China to accept either its
territorial claims or loans at high interest rates, with failure to
repay resulting in China acquiring ownership of projects and land.

“China’s
penchant to compare its modern borders with those that existed prior to
the perceived ‘historical losses’ of territories is significant to
understanding of China’s current boundary issues,” said DS Rajan, a
former government official who has served in China.

China’s
unresolved land and maritime border disputes with its neighbours
continue to hurt its relations with many countries and vitiate regional
politics. It shares 22,000 km land borders with 13 neighbouring nations —
the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Russia, Mongolia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan,
Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. Pakistan also has border with China but
through PoK.

Many of China’s claims on neighbours’ territories
are based on unsubstantiated and unprecedented “historical precedents”
dating back centuries, as in the case of Bhutan, according to a report
published in Brisbane-based China Daily Mail a few years ago. The
publication follows developments in China closely. While China’s land
boundary disputes with India and Bhutan remain unresolved, disputes with
most of the other neighbours have been settled in its favour.

The
unresolved maritime border issues are most serious for China amid
competing claims of several littoral nations and the emerging regional
order, as per Rajan. He said conditions in this regard pit China against
eight littoral parties – Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and Taiwan.

China shares maritime
borders with four countries – Japan and South Korea in the East China
Sea and with the Philippines and Vietnam in the South China Sea.

In
the South China Sea, one of the world’s busiest waterways with huge
potential oil and gas fields to be exploited, China claims most of the
water “based on historical facts and international law” and shows them
in its maps within its “nine dotted” imaginary line. All littoral
nations have officially challenged China’s claims.

NEW
DELHI: An informal meeting or a pull aside between PM Modi and Chinese
President Xi Jinping during the course of BRICS leaders meeting on
Friday on the sidelines of G-20 summit in Hamburg cannot be ruled out.
While China on Thursday said that “the atmosphere is not right” for a
formal or bilateral meeting between Modi and Xi when they gather for the
G-20 summit in Hamburg, the occasion of the BRICS leaders meet can
provide an opportunity for the Sino-Indian leaders to interact amid
standoff along Sikkim border.

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