hiv

What is HIV?

This is a virus which attacks the body’s defence system (immune
system), and makes you less able to fight off infections. You may have
HIV for many years and feel quite well. When the immune system begins to
break down, infections and cancers can develop, known as AIDS.

How to keep safe

You cannot tell by looking at someone if they have this virus, so always
use a condom/dam for vaginal, anal and oral sex.
Never share any drug equipment.
Needle exchanges are available throughout the region.
Never share personal items such as razors, or tooth brushes.

Health Protection Team

We provide information about, prevention, testing & offer training
to NHS staff, statutory and non statutory organisations and members of
the public who are at increased risk of catching a bloodborne virus.

Post exposure prophlaxis - pep

Post = afterExposure = a situation where HIV has a chance to get into someone s bloodstreamProphylaxis = a treatment to Stop an infection happening

So ...

PEP = a treatment to stop a person becoming infected with HIV after it's got into their body

Now there is a treatment that may prevent HIV infection after the virus has entered the body.

But if HIV is in the body is it not it too late and the person is now infected?

No. After HIV gets in someone's bloodstream it takes time (hours or a few days) before it permanently infects them. If someone ants in that short time they stand a chance of stopping HIV before tile infection takes hold.

Taking 2 or 3 anti-HIV drugs every day for 4 weeks might stop the HIV before it gets a permanent hold in the body.
PEP's not a 'morning after' pill that's taken just once - it's one month of drugs.

By taking PEP someone will not become HIV positive?

Research seems to show PEP makes infection with HIV a lot less likely. But PEP doesn't work every time - some people who take it still end up with HIV afterwards. It can fail because some anti-HIV drugs don't work against some strains of HIV. And it's more likely to fail if it's not taken properly or soon enough.

How soon?

The quicker PEP is started the better - within hours. The longer the wait the more chance it won't work; within 24 hours is best. After 72 hours (3 days) PEP usually isn't given because studies show it's unlikely to work by then.

Are the drugs the same as the ones taken by people with HIV?

Yes, it is the same 'combination therapy' drugs that are taken by HIV positive people.

Is PEP a cure for HIV?

There's no cure for HIV. PEP can only stop an HIV infection if taken very early on after HIV's entered the body, before the infection takes hold. Once HIV infection takes hold and the infection becomes permanent then anti-HIV drugs can't get rid of HIV from the body. This is because the virus is now in parts of the body that the drugs can't reach. So once HIV permanently infects someone the drugs can usually control the HIV in their body but can never get rid of it completely.

Does PEP have side effects?

Yes, it can cause diarrhoea, headaches, feeling sick and Vomiting. Because of the side effects many people taking PEP need time off work or study. Some people have to stop taking PEP because of the side effects. Side effects go once someone stops taking the drugs. One Australian study showed among people taking PEP, side effects were mild to moderate for 2 out of 3 people and severe for 1 in 4.

Where does someone get PEP from?

These places might give people PEP:

sexual health clinics (GUM or 'clap' clinics)

hospitals (usually A&E or 'accident & Emergency' departments)

if you already have HIV try your HIV clinic if the PEP is for someone you've had sex with

Not all these places in every part of the country will have PEP or be able to give it.
Family doctors (GPs) usually won't be able to prescribe PEP.

'We had unsafe sex' or 'The condom broke'... is it worth asking for PEP?

People without access to the Internet can call:
THT Direct on 0845 12 21 200 for more information on PEP and where to get it.

What are the chances someone will get PEP?

New guidelines have been given to Sexual Health Clinics and hospitals that help doctors decide if PEP should be given. A doctor will need to ask questions about what kind of sex happened, when and who with.

It's worth thinking about PEP if you or someone you had anal sex with didn't use a condom or something went wrong with the condom and it's not later than 72 hours (3 days) since it happened. Doctors might sometimes give PEP after oral sex, depending on the circumstances.

What kind of questions are asked if someone wants PEP?

questions will be about:

the person the unsafe sex was with (to judge the chances
they had HIV or not)

the sex involved, e.g. when it happened, was it oral or anal sex, who fucked who and did either of you come inside the other?

before someone is given PEP they must have an HIV test to check they do not already have HIV. They must also agree to be tested after taking PEP to see if it has worked. PEP will not be offered if someone refuses to be tested

What if someone can not get to a place that has PEP within 72 hours?

Once 72 hours are over PEP won't usually be offered. So if it's not possible to get to a Sexual Health Clinic that's open it may be worth trying a hospital Accident & Emergency department because they never close (although there's no guarantee they'll give PEP).

Why did we not know about PEP already?

Before this recent PEP information campaign about 1 in 4 gay men already knew about PEP. Over the last few years there have been articles in the press about PEP and it's been possible in some places to get PEP after sex. For a number of years people who have been sexually assaulted have often been offered PEP. For a long time doctors and nurses accidentally pricked with a needle have been offered it.

If someone takes PEP can their body become resistant to HIV drugs so that the drugs won't work if that person later gets HIV?

No, it's the virus (HIV), not someone's body, that can become resistant to the drugs. If PEP works it gets rid of the virus - and
the virus can't become resistant because it's not there anymore. So if someone were to get HIV later and needed drugs it
wouldn't make any difference that they took PEP in the past. But if PEP doesn't work and a person then ends up infected,
there may be problems with the HIV in their body being resistant to some drugs, including ones used in PEP.

If someone's taking PEP does that make them immune to HIV while they're on it or once they've stopped taking it?

No. Unsafe sex while taking PEP could let more HIV into your body, making PEP much more likely not to work.
If after taking PEP someone's stayed HIV negative and then has unsafe sex again, they can become infected just like any other HIV negative person.

Now there is PEP does it matter so much if people do not use condoms?

Here's why PEP doesn't change the need for condoms:

using a condom is more likely to stop HIV being passed on than PEP is

condoms don't make you ill with nasty side effects

you need a condom for as long as the sex lasts - but PEP has to be taken for 4 weeks

condoms are everywhere. PEP can be hard - sometimes impossible - to get

you control getting hold of condoms but doctors decide if you should get PEP and they may say no

How many times can someone get PEP?

Doctors decide who gets PEP and they're unlikely to give these expensive and powerful drugs to the same person time after time. So someone who keeps having unsafe sex will usually be offered help with having safer sex and won't be given PEP lots of times. Besides, the side effects often put people off wanting to take PEP more than once.

If one day I feel I (or someone I've had sex with) might have been at risk of getting HIV what can I do?