From Edmund Jenings

[dateline] Brussels May 2d. 1780

[salute] Sir

I have receivd your Excellencys Letters of the 22d and 26th of last Month, I find
myself much honord by both. I took the Liberty of writing to you on the 24th inclosing
therein News Paper from England. The Paper receivd was sent immediately to be made
as public as possible.1 The Benevolence of Spain and the Gratitude of America cannot be made too public;
they will shew the ground of Union is Solid, for they will shew an Excellent Disposition
in both Parties to maintain it.

I have sent for the Treatise on the Admiralty Laws, I well remember the Agitation
of the Question of free Bottoms making free Goods, during the last War. The writings
on the Subject were Voluminous, I read many of the best, and One of the worst, written
and given me by Sir James Marriot, the present Judge of the Admiralty.2 Upon the whole I was of Opinion, (altho with all my English prejudices About me,
for I had them then) that the contrary doctrine was false, and that the ground of
the English System was that of convenience and force. Natural Law and the combined
force of Europe will I trust now totally defeat this insulting and dangerous procedure
of the Common Ennemy.

The last resolutions of the States General are clear and Manly. They give us room
to expect much if England persists in her Plan. Has your Excellency seen Linguets
last Number of his Annales politiques &c. it treats of the present State of Affairs,
it may had at Paris.3

I congratulate your Excellency on the total defeat of the Opposition, their Mad Virtue
is checked in Parliament, and other proceedings must now be taken, if England would
Escape that Pit, which She had diggd for others. I agree with your Excellency, that
Slight Matter will give Occasion to the burst of Civil War—the whole is inflameable
and there are many more appearances of internal Tumult, than those remarkd by Lord
Clarendon in his Unhappy Time,4 but then there are also more Probability of Success on the part of the Crown then
in his days, for the King has much more Influence and force.

I most sincerely concur with your Excellency in Opinion with respect to England. Her
Conduct will be during this Mans Life Malicious to Us, and she will ever after be
our rival in Trade, and our natural and enragd Ennemy. We must therefore be ever distrustful
of Her, the American Alliance with France is for the Interest and Honor of Both. I
trust it will ever be Kept up with the Utmost Liberallity; I assure your Excellency
it has ever been my opinion, that every suspicion and doubt of it ought to be discountenancd,
and I have done it on more Occasions than One, and that too with some Warmth, for
I know nothing more dangerous to Friendship of every Sort, than harbouring Jealousies,
and even hearing Insinuations against those, we have a natural Affection to or with
whom we have an Interest and Duty to be well with. You know Too that it has always
been my opinion, that there cannot be too great a Shew, or indeed I ought rather to
say too much real Candour and Openess towards our great and good Ally. On the Contrary
it is the Sistem of England to bring { 264 } on a distrust of One that she may ruin both. I Hope both will be wisher than to give
into her Snares!

It is said, that Parliament will be soon prorogued and dissolved in October and another
Chosen in a Hurry. Hartly seems fearful that he shall not be supportd in his Motions,
this may bring Conway and Pownal to make theirs. I wish some one woud do it, that
we might get at the present sense of the Minister.

I am Anxious to hear what has been done and is now doing at Charles Town and N York.
There will be much Blood Spilt in both Places.

I sent the Dialogue5 to a Friend in England. He has thought proper to publish it. I take the Liberty of
sending the first part to your Excellency.

1. A reference to JA's account of his journey through Spain, which he had enclosed in his letter of 19 April (above, for its publication, see note 2).

2. This was Sir James Marriott, judge of the court of admiralty from 1778 to 1799 (DNB). Jenings likely is referring to Marriott's The Case of the Dutch Ships, Considered, London, 1758, in which he defended British seizures of neutral ships bound to enemy
ports and denied any basis under the law of nations for the doctrine that free ships
made free goods. For Marriott's ruling in the case of a Dutch ship seized from the
van Bylandt convoy in late Dec. 1779, in which he took essentially the same position,
see JA's letter of 6 April to the president of Congress (No. 37, calendared, above).

3. Simon Nicolas Henri Linguet was a brilliant but eccentric lawyer, journalist, and
author. During a self-imposed exile in England and in various places in continental
Europe, he began the publication of the Annales politiques, civiles et littéraires du dix-huitième siècle, 19 vols., London, 1777–1792 (Hoefer, Nouv. biog. générale). The specific issue of the Annales to which Jenings refers has not been found, but for JA's evaluation of Linguet, see his letter of 15 May to Jenings, and notes 1 and 2 (below).

4. Edward Hyde, 1st earl of Clarendon, was a trusted advisor of both Charles I and Charles
II. A strong royalist, he was an equally ardent supporter of rule according to constitutional
principles, but was unwilling to adapt his policies to the changed circumstances brought
on by the civil war (DNB). Jenings probably refers to Clarendon's views as expressed in his personal narrative
of the events in which he participated, his History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641, 3 vols., London, 1702–1704. In 1766, JA adopted “Clarendon” as a pseudonym in a newspaper controversy over the Stamp Act
(“Clarendon to Pym,” 13–27 Jan. 1766, vol. 1:155–170).

5. No printed version of Jenings' “Dialogue,” whether as a newspaper piece or a separate
pamphlet, has been found, but for an extract from the work, see Jenings' letter of
5 March, and note 9 (above).

Docno: ADMS-06-09-02-0154

Author: Johnson, Joshua

Recipient: Adams, John

Date: 1780-05-02

From Joshua Johnson

[dateline] Nantes 2 May 1780

[salute] Sir

I am duly honord with your very polite and Freindly favour of the { 265 } 25th. Ultimo for which I pray your acceptance of my best thanks. I hasten to inform
you the Dove will be ready to depart the latter end of next Week and any Commands
that you have to convey by her shall be taken particular care of and delivered safe
in America if she is fortunate enough to arrive safe, if not I can rely on the prudence
of the Capt. to destroy them.1 A Small Brig departs from this Tomorro for Boston2 she first touches at L'Orient for the protection of the Alliance, hereafter I will
give you timely notice of the Sailling of every America Vessell and will with pleasure
receive and forward your Dispatches. I have directed my Freinds to forward me the
Maryland News Papers and you may rely on my forwarding you them immediatly on their
Arrival and every other interesting Inteligence that comes to my knowledge, in turn
I have only to solicit the favour of you to drop me a hint if any thing should be
proposed that may affect the price of Tobacco for in this article I am much interested
being one of the largest holders in Europe, you may rest assured that I will not abuse
your confidence. Mrs. Johnson begs your acceptance of her thanks for your remembrance
and kind Inquirys, she presents you and the Young Gentlemen with her respectfull Compliments,
and I am with the most sincere regard and esteem Sir, Your Most Obedt. & most Hbl.
Serv

[signed] Joshua Johnson

RC (Adams Papers); endorsed: “M. Johnson 2 May. ansd. 16. by [but] the answer not copied. inclosed
in it a Letter to Congress, with the Decn. of Russia. to be sent by first Vessel”
docketed by CFA: “1780.” The letter to Congress is that of 10 April (No. 40, descriptive note, above).

1. JA's reply of 16 May (not found) was answered by Johnson in a letter of the 20th (Adams Papers), in which he reported that the enclosed letter to Congress would be carried to America
by the Dove.

2. JA was first informed of this brig in a letter from Jeremiah Allen of 28 April (not
found), but see JA's reply to that letter of 3 May, and note 1 (below).