The New York Botanical Garden

Howard
S. Irwin, President
The New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, New York

By
most measurements, the New York Botanical Gar-den is the largest in the nation!
In addition, since 1971, when the Garden acquired a magnificent tract of land
in Dutchess County to establish the Cary Arboretum, we have been developing
the nation's largest center for study of trees, shrubs and other woody plants.
Together, facilities at our Bronx headquarters and those evolving at our upstate
campus in Millbrook give us more diversity than any other plant science institution
in the United States — diversity that naturally extends to staffing,
program, and funding.

The
New York Botanical Garden was founded in 1891 on city land on the northern
half of Bronx Park (the southern part having been set aside for the New York
Zoological Society — the Bronx Zoo).

Under
the masterful guidance of its first director, Dr. Nathaniel Lord Britton,
a professor of botany at Columbia University, the Garden established its basic
plantings, erected its landmark Conservatory modeled after the great palmhouse
at Kew, built its Museum and laid the basis for its programs of scientific
exploration, its notable herbarium and library, and its research and educational
programs. (Fig. 1.)

Today,
some 84 years later, the Garden is a many-faceted institution occupying 250
acres of land in New York City's northernmost borough and conducting a great
variety of programs that require a payroll of about 350 staff members year-round
at its Bronx headquarters and 50 more at the Arboretum.

The
scientific programs which have given the New York Botanical Garden its worldwide
reputation are currently under the direction of Dr. Bassett Maguire whose
well known pioneering botanical explorations of the Guayana Highlands in South
America span four decades. When he retires later this year (for the second
time) the Botany Department will come under the leader-ship of Dr. Ghillean
Prance for more than 10 years an ex-pert on the botany of Amazonia. He has
spent the last two years in Manaus, Brazil, setting up and directing a graduate
training program in Amazonian botany for Brazilian students and continuing
his researches into the subject.

The
largest single operation of our Botany Department is the herbarium. (Fig.
2.) With its collection numbering well over 4,000,000 specimens, the herbarium
is not only a vast treasury of botanical data but is especially rich in materials
of tropical South America east of the Andes. The management of the herbarium
is directed by Dr. Patricia Holmgren who, with her husband Noel, specializes
in flora of the montane American West. The cost of operating the Garden's
herbarium, a national resource, has been borne in part by the National Science
Foundation during the last decade.

We
are fortunate in having a very strong herbarium staff whose research has also
been generously supported by the National Science Foundation. One of our stars
is Dr. Arthur Cronquist who is a world authority on the general classification
system of plants and a long-term student of the enormously important plant
family Compositae. Dr. John Mickel conducts our work in ferns, and frequently
goes on collecting trips to the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, a botanical crossroads
between the tropical and sub-tropical zones of Central America. Dr. Kent Dumont
specializes in disease-causing fungi, and is concentrating his field work
in Venezuela and Colombia. Our paleobotanical work is now under the direction
of Dr. Karl Niklas, who took the place of Dr. Herman F. Becker, now retired.
Dr. William C. Steere, former president, continues his research on Arctic
bryophytes, an interest shared with Dr. Gary L. Smith who is also administrative
curator of the cryptogamic herbarium. Dr. Tetsuo Koyama world authority on
Cyperaceae, is also a student of the genus of greenbriers, Smilax. Soon to
join the Garden herbarium staff, Dr. James Luteyn, specializes in tropical
Vacciniaceae.

The
Herbarium has its own experimental greenhouse, a Scanning Electron Microscope
and a well-equipped research laboratory, all installed in our Science and
Education Building, which was dedicated in 1972 in memory of Jeannette Kittredge
Watson.

The
Charles B. Harding Laboratory is under the direction of Dr. Marjorie Anchel,
whose personal research concerns biochemical variability in fungi and is focused
on the basidiomycete, Clitocybe truncicola. Among other important projects
in the Laboratory are the work of Dr. Alma W. Barksdale, mycologist, on sexual
characteristics of hormone B produced from the water mold, Achlya bisexualis;
microbiological work of Dr. Annette Hervey into plant tumors and the investigations
of flavonoid pigments of higher plants by Dr. David E. Giannasi. Dr. Pascal
Pirone, who recently retired, is well known nation-ally for his research and
publications on tree pathology. The Harding Laboratory is a specially designed
building which was erected in 1955. Much of the work in the laboratory has
been supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health.

Horticulture
at the Botanical Garden is directed by Carlton Lees who joined our staff as
vice president in late 1973 after a distinguished term as executive director
of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Under his guidance, extensive
changes both in our indoor and out-door collections are underway. The Conservatory
has an extensive collection of tropical and sub-tropical plants, but the building
itself shows the wear and tear of age and the New York climate. With aid from
the City of New York and from private donors we plan this year to begin restoration
of the Conservatory to its original grandeur. When that work is done the usage
of the building will be re-oriented to emphasize more active interpretative
programs and changing displays as well as to house basic collections of warm-weather
plants.

Out
of doors, the grounds are adorned by a variety of important collections including
roses, conifers, rhododendrons, azaleas, magnolias and a splendid rock garden,
native plant garden and herb garden. Our propagating houses, recently replaced
and enlarged with city aid, produce a succession of new material for special
shows in the Conservatory and at locations outside the Garden grounds and
for the flower beds that embellish our park-like setting.

A
Master Plan recently produced by our Board of Managers looking toward the
year 2000 calls for up-grading and re-zoning the Garden grounds. A large sec-

Page 3

tion
of the grounds will be set aside as a nature preserve, out-of-bounds to private
cars. Such naturally charming areas as the gorge of the Bronx River and the
virgin Hemlock Forest will be reached on foot by visitors or by mini-bus.
Scenic overlooks to enhance enjoyment of the grounds will be created at strategic
spots. A new gateway building is planned to include orientation, shop and
food service facilities. In this and other horticultural planning and operations,
Mr. Lees is aided by Winfried Schubert, assistant director of Horticulture,
Bob Russo who is in charge of the Conservatory and Vincent Algozino, grounds
foreman.

Education
has always been a prime purpose of the New York Botanical Garden, which in
a sense is a sizable school system in itself with teaching activities from
early school years to post-graduate training. John Reed, director of educational
services, supervises a wide range of courses for adults, school services,
an extensive library on botanical and horticultural subjects, an exhibits
department which now operates in the recently renovated museum, environmental
education, teacher training, a plant information service and the ever-popular
Gardencrafters program which offers vegetable gardening each summer to more
than 200 school children.

The
library, directed by Charles R. Long, merits particular mention. Its collection,
comprising more than 80,000 bound volumes and 320,000 unbound monographs,
is the most extensive botanical library under one roof at any American institution.
Supported largely with private funds, the library serves unofficially as the
plant-specialized arm of New York City's library system and is open to all.
It is heavily consulted not only by Garden staff but by thousands of professional
seekers of plant in-formation.

Environmental
education, now conducted by Joseph Bridges with planning supervision by Axel
Horn, has broken new educational ground in New York. A project last year involved
selected students from six area high schools who studied pollution in the
Bronx River and drew wide attention for its findings. Lessons learned in the
Bronx River project are now being applied in a parallel program along another
of New York's troubled rivers, the Harlem River. On the college level, with
a grant from the Exxon Foundation, the Garden is working with the Purchase
campus of New York State University to develop new approaches to environmental
education for undergraduates.

Another
important activity at the Garden is publication, ranging from such scientific
journals as the Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, the Botanical Review,
Brittonia, Economic Botany, and Mycologia to the popular membership magazine,
Garden Journal, and the recently completed multi-volume work, Wild Flowers
of the United States.

Acquisition
of the land for the Cary Arboretum in Millbrook has added many dimensions
to the Garden's work. The first task has been to build the required facilities,
a demanding task coordinated by Dr. Thomas Elias who functions as assistant
director at Cary. In little more than three years we have built a large greenhouse
and nursery complex, a five-mile internal road system, set up an operations
and maintenance headquarters and made detailed plans for a unique administration
and research building that with solar heating and many other energy-saving
features will embody our overall commitment to sound environmental practices.
Detailed architectural and engineering plans have been prepared and

Page 4

we
hope to start construction of this innovative building before mid-year.

An
outstanding scientific staff has been recruited at Cary and they are already
far along with a wide variety of programs in pure and applied research. Tom
Elias carries on his own work in studying the structure and evolution of floral
and extrafloral nectaries and various insects. In the applied field he has
directed research and surveys on street trees including a study we are carrying
out on con-tract for the City of Poughkeepsie of all trees on public lands
within the city limits. The findings are expected to have national application,
and the study has already led to a symposium on street trees and a book on
the subject, both under our auspices.

The
staff ecologist at Cary, Dr. Robert Goodland, has taken us into many new areas
of application of plant science. Since joining the staff three years ago Dr.
Goodland has conducted environmental impact studies under international agency
auspices in Brazil, Guatemala, El Salvador and Malaysia. Inspired by the plans
for our unique new Cary headquarters building, he organized a conference for
professionals in the field on "Buildings, Energy and the Environment" the
proceedings of which are being published in book form. He has also co-authored
with me a study of the environmental effects of the Trans-Amazonian highway
network to be published shortly.

One
of our most important projects in applied science has been a contract to develop
and implement for a major public utility, The Consolidated Edison Company
of New York, a management program for vegetation and wildlife under a 28-mile
high-voltage power-line in southeastern New York State. Our work on this project
has already been the subject of a scientific symposium, an Arboretum book,
and a film.

At
the Arboretum, we also have begun an educational program, with adult courses
and school services organized under Dr. Peter Dykeman. Dr. Dykeman also coordinates
a contract study of land use we are doing for Dutchess County in the county's
largest park.

Our
staff pathologist at Cary, Dr. Edson Setliff, is em-barked on a very important
study of wood-decay fungi to see if it may be possible to separate lignin
from cellulose in the papermaking process by non-polluting biological methods.
His work is funded by a corporate grant.

At
Cary also, thanks to the large acreage placed at our disposal, we are able
to conduct wildlife research. This is the province of Dr. Robert Tillman,
wildlife research coordinator. Our most recent professional staff addition
is Dr. David Karnosky, a tree geneticist with a special interest in pollution-resistant
trees suitable to urban use.

The
most basic long-term program at Cary is the development of our plant collection.
This was started three years ago by means of exchanging carefully documented
seed collections with leading institutions all over the world. This has already
led to our large but still very young assemblage of specimens representing
2000 species from many countries, including a very interesting selection of
seeds from the Nanking Botanical Garden in the Peoples Republic of China.
We were delighted to be visited at Cary by the Chinese Ambassador to the United
Nations who wanted to see how his country's seeds would be used.

The
scientific aspects of the seed exchange are being handled by Dr. Elias and
myself. The horticultural planning, to design the ways the plants will be
set out and displayed, is being directed by Robert Hebb who recently joined
us from the Arnold Arboretum. Carlton Lees also provides general horticultural
supervision at Cary as well as in the Bronx.

Rounding
out the Garden and Arboretum are the Public Affairs office headed by George
Bookman; development, led by Mrs. Anne Smith; Finance and Ad-ministration,
directed by Roger Biringer; and Operations, supervised by Charles Lavin.

With
this brief review, it can be seen that although the New York Botanical Garden
has many facets, its purposes in the context of plants and man are best summarized
in three words: research, communication, and application.

Page 5

BOTANICAL POTPOURRI

THE
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA announces eight graduate courses in biology to be offered
at the Mountain Lake Biological Station this summer. They are as follows:

First
Term: June 12 through July 15
Taxonomy of Flowering Plants, Dr. Lytton J. Musselman, Old Dominion University
Plant Ecology, Dr. Gary L. Miller, Eisenhower College
Entomology, Dr. George W. Byers, University of Kansas
Ornithology, Dr. David W. Johnston, University of Florida

Second Term: July 17 through August 19
Plant Biosystematics, Dr. C. Ritchie Bell, University of North Carolina
Biology of Fungi, Dr. Meredith Blackwell, University of Florida
Invertebrate Ecology, Dr. George E. Stanton, Columbus College
Vertebrate Ecology, Dr. Charles G. Yarbrough, Campbell College

Four fellowships of $150 each are to be awarded. Two North Carolina Botanical Garden
fellowships will be awarded to superior students with preference to those
who have previously held work scholarships at the Station. Two additional
awards will be made from the Mountain Lake Fellowship Fund established by
friends of Mountain Lake. Contributions are invited for additional support
for this fund. The fellowships may not be held concurrently with any other
stipend from the Station. The recipients of these awards are chosen by the
Research and Awards Committee of the Department of Biology. Application for
awards should be sent to the Director, Mountain Lake Biological Station, Gilmer
Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903.

THE
HIGHLIGHT OF 1975 FOR THOSE INTERESTED IN PLANT GROWTH REGULATION will be
the meeting of the PGR Working Group in Chicago, Illinois in August. The 1974
meeting was an outstanding success and the 1975 meeting should be even better.
For the forthcoming session a set of abstracts of all papers presented will
be available at the meeting. In addition tentative plans include the publication
of a Proceedings.

Individuals
interested in presenting a paper at the Chicago Meeting should note the details
below and write to Dr. C. A. Stutte. Details on hotel reservations will be
supplied later. Make plans to attend and participate in the 1975 PGRWG Technical
Meeting, August 27, 28, and 29, 1975, in Chicago, Illinois. This meeting will
be in association with the Pesticide Division of the American Chemical Society.

In
addition to the two half-day symposiums, four half-day meetings with concurrent
sessions are being planned. Dr. C. A. Stutte is Chairman of the PGRWG Program
and Dr. J. J. Menn is Chairman for the ACS-Pesticide Division segment.

THE
ARNOLD ARBORETUM started an exchange of herbarium specimens with the Institutem
Botanicum of Academia Sinica in Peking, and has received specimens from
them. After sending a test lot of plants from Hong Kong, they received a letter
of protest. The specimens had been dried in newspapers acquired in Hong Kong,
and to their knowledge no U. S. newspapers were used. The point should be
made that specimens should be sent in plain paper or newsprint to avoid any
possible embarrassment by news stories or advertising.

It
should also be pointed out that letters and packages must be addressed to
The People's Republic of China, and not just to "China." The U. S. post office
will return any letters or packages addressed to "China," and they have a
special stamp which indicates that such mail is not acceptable to the Chinese.
This in spite of the fact letterheads and envelopes both use "Peking, China."

THERE
WILL BE A JOINT MEETING of the Canadian Botanical Association-L'Association
Botanique du Canada, the Entomological Society of Canada and the Canadian
Phytopathological Society on the campus of the University of Saskatchewan
in Saskatoon, August 17 to 22, 1975. It will be the first joint meeting of
the three societies — Botany, Entomology and Phytopathology —
and four joint sessions are planned to take advantage of this unique opportunity.
A number of outstanding authorities have accepted invitations to act as keynote
speakers to introduce the joint sessions.

Program.
EFFECTS OF INSECTS AND PLANT DISEASES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF
PLANTS.

Keynote
speaker — D. H. Janzen, University of Michigan. "Effects of insect and
mammalian herbivores on the distribution and abundance of tropical woody plants."

PLANT SCIENCE BULLETIN

Robert W. Long, Editor
Life Science Bldg. 174
University of South Florida
Tampa, Florida 33620

Changes of Address: Notify the Treasurer of the Botanical Society
of America, Inc., Dr. C. Ritchie Bell, Department of Botany, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 26514.

Subscriptions for libraries and persons not members of the Botanical
Society of America are obtainable at the rate of $4.00 a year. Send orders with
checks payable to "Botanical Society of America, Inc." to the Treasurer.

Manuscripts intended for publication in PLANT SCIENCE BULLETIN should
be ad. dressed to Dr. Robert W. Long, editor, Life Science Bldg. 174, University
of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620. Announcements, notes, short scientific
articles of general interest to the members of the Botanical Society of America
and the botanical community at large will be considered for publication to the
extent that the limited space of the publication permits. Line illustrations
and good, glossy, black and white photographs to accompany such papers are invited.
Authors may order extracted reprints without change in pagination at the time
proof is submitted.

Material submitted for publication should be typewritten, doublespaced,
and sent in duplicate to the Editor. Copy should follow the style of recent
issues of the Bulletin.

Microfilms of Plant Science Bulletin are available from University
Micro-film, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106.

The Plant Science Bulletin is published quarterly at the University of South
Florida, 42117 Fowler Ave., Tampa, Fla. 33620. Second class postage paid at
Tampa, Florida.

Page 6

HARVARD
SUMMER SCHOOL in conjunction with Fairchild Tropical Garden announces the
following course:

PLANTS
IN THE TROPICS (Biology S-105): Half course (4 units). Laboratory fee: $25.
Professor P. B. Tomlinson. An in-residence course centered in Miami, Florida,
at Fairchild Tropical Garden (June 16-July 14). An intensive field and laboratory
examination of tropical plant families with access to specialized tropical
ecosystems as available in south Florida. Attention will be given to economic
plants of the tropics and specialized groups (e.g. palms and cycads) which
are well represented in the area. Emphasis will be on morphology, anatomy,
and systematics, as well as on growth and function. Opportunity will be provided
to make limited collections, especially those which can be worked on elsewhere.

Prerequisites:
familiarity with the major groups of plants. Students will be chosen according
to the extent to which their botanical training and interests is likely to
allow them to benefit from such a course.

Admission
is made on the basis of a Supplementary Application to be submitted with the
Application for Ad-mission. (Harvard students in residence Spring Term submit
only the Supplementary Application.) Materials received after March 31 will
be considered if there are openings. Supplementary applications may be requested
from Environmental and Field Biology, Department R, Harvard Summer School.

BOTANISTS,
AND PARTICULARLY PHYCOLOGISTS, should find the expanding program at the Shoals
Marine Laboratory of particular interest. It is open to any college-level
student at an accredited school, and provides access to a remarkably fine
cold-water and insular flora, under the direction of a well qualified staff
drawn from the participating universities.

The
Shoals Marine Laboratory will offer an expanded summer season of introductory
courses in marine sciences and oceanography in 1975. Sponsored cooperatively
by Cornell University, State University of New York at Stony Brook, and the
University of New Hampshire, these courses are primarily for undergraduates.
They emphasize field and practical aspects as well as the academic. Located
on a small, uninhabited island in the Gulf of Maine, the Laboratory has immediate
access to a biota — from marine birds to fish, and from algae to invertebrates
— of unusual richness and diversity. Students may take a close look
at marine phytoplankton, salt marsh vegetation, and an isolated insular flora.
Living accommodations are primitive, but the instructional program is housed
in a new, well-appointed laboratory building.

Through
the cooperating sponsorship of Sea Education Association, the Laboratory now
also offers a full summer SEA Semester of study, including seven weeks of
study and oceanographic practice aboard the research top-sail schooner Westward
in the western North Atlantic.

THE
FIFTH STEENBOCK SYMPOSIUM, concerned with "CO2 Metabolism and Productivity
of Plants," will be held under the sponsorship of the Department of Biochemistry,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, June 9-11, 1975, in Madison. Speakers will
discuss regulation of CO2 incorporation, modifications in C' plants to increase
photosynthesis and productivity, the C4 pathway in relation to leaf morphology,
photosynthesis and produc-

tivity,
CAM metabolism in natural ecosystems and con-trolled environments, photorespiration,
(lark respiration, and cell culturing and fusion to increase productivity.
For a program and details of accommodations, write Marcia Molldrem, Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.

PERSONALIA

Dr. Frank McCormick has been named director of the graduate program in ecology
and professor of botany at Tennessee, Knoxville. He was professor of botany
at the University of North Carolina, and previously at Vanderbilt and the University
of Georgia.

Dr.
Harriet Creighton, Farwell Professor of Botany in the Department of biological
science, Wellesley College, has retired. Virginia Fiske has been named department
chairman.

Susan
P. Bratton is now the Research Biologist for Great Smoky Mountains National
Park, and is stationed at Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina.

PROFESSIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

APPLICATIONS
ARE INVITED for the position of Assistant Professor of Botany and Director
of the Marion Ownbey Herbarium of Washington State University beginning September
16, 1975. The Ph.D. is required. Candidates with the following qualifications
will be given preference: Broad training and experience in the area of the
taxonomy of vascular plants and experience in the management and operation
of an herbarium. Demonstrated interest and ability in teaching plant identification
and systematic botany at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Record
of productive research.

Application:
Candidates should submit complete resumes including transcripts, curriculum
vitae, and reprints of their published papers. They should also present information
on the nature of their present and future interests in research and should
arrange for three letters of reference to be sent to: Adolph Hecht, Chair-man,
Search Committee, Department of Botany, Washing-ton State University, Pullman,
WA 99163. The deadline for completing applications is April 15, 1975. Washington
State University is an equal opportunity employer with an affirmative action
program.

APPLICATIONS
ARE INVITED for the position of Assistant Professor of Biology at the University
of North Carolina at Wilmington beginning August 24, 1975. The Ph.D. is required.
Candidates with combinations of the following qualifications will he given
preference: Primary training and experience in mycology. Some training and
experience in the area of marine fungi. Demonstrated interest and ability
in teaching general biology and general botany at the undergraduate level,
and mycology at the undergraduate and master's level. Interest and ability
in greenhouse operation.

Application:
Candidates should submit complete resumes including transcripts and curriculum
vitae, and should arrange for three letters of reference to be sent to: Dr.
Donald F. Kapraun, Chairman, Search Committee, Department of Biology, University
of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, N. C., 28401. The University
of North Carolina at Wilmington is an equal opportunity employer with an affirmative
action program.

THE
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY is seeking a one-year replacement for Dr. Richard D.
Wood, who will be on sabbatical leave for the 1975-76 academic year. Minimum
qualifications for the position will be a Ph.D., or for an exceptional candidate,
advanced graduate training in Botany, with specialization in phycology and
aquatic plants. The appointment will be at the instructor or assistant professor
level.

Duties
will include teaching courses in Phycology, aquatic plant ecology, and advising
undergraduates and graduates majoring in these areas of specialization. An
additional course in the candidate's own area of expertise may be a possibility.

Interested
persons should write: Dr. R. D. Goos, Chairman, Department of Botany, University
of Rhode Island, Kingston, R. I. 02881. The University of Rhode Island is
an Equal Opportunity Employer.

A
FACULTY POSITION IN GENETICS will be available September 16, 1975. Duties
will consist of both teaching and conducting basic research on some fundamental
aspect of the genetics of higher or lower plants. The teaching will consist
of presentations on genetics in selected team-taught undergraduate courses
in biology, botany and /or plant pathology and genetics, and development of
a graduate course in the area of specialization. The specific area of research
is open; however, high priority will be given areas of specialization which
will most closely complement other research programs in the Department.

The
appointment will be on a 9-month basis at the rank of Assistant Professor.
There will be an opportunity for teaching in summer term, but preferably summers
will be devoted to full-time research supported by grant funds. Salary will
be dependent upon qualifications and experience. A Ph.D. degree with specialization
in genetics is required. Preference will be given applicants who have one
or two years of post-doctoral experience.

Oregon
State University subscribes to a policy of active recruitment of women and
ethnic minority persons and encourages all interested and qualified persons
to apply. Applications and inquiries should be sent to: Dr. Thomas C. Moore,
Chairman, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, OR 97331.

Applications
must include curriculum vitae, reprints of research papers, transcripts of
academic records, three letters of recommendation, and any other information
considered pertinent by the applicant.

PLANT
ECOLOGIST. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR. Candidates having the following qualifications
will be given preference in the ratings: Broad training and experience in
the area of synecology. Demonstrated interest and ability in teaching ecology
at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Record of productive research.

In
addition, it would be advantageous if one or both of the following qualifications
are met: Familiarity with and research interest in the ecosystems of the Pacific
Northwest. Training in systems analysis and/or biometrics.

Duties:
The appointee will assume some of the duties of Professor R. Daubenmire who
is retiring. The principal teaching duties are courses in synecology and general
ecology.

Application:
Candidates should submit complete resumes including transcripts, curriculum
vitae, reprints and arrange for three letters of reference to be sent to:
Dr. George J. Williams III, Chairman, Search Committee, Department of Botany,
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163. Washington State University
is an equal opportunity employer with an affirmative action program. Minority
persons and women are invited to identify themselves.

Teaching
duties will consist of an introductory and an advanced course in plant taxonomy
at the undergraduate and graduate level, an introductory course in plant ecology.
Initiate an active graduate program in plant systematics.

The
candidate will be expected to maintain a re-search program in individual area
of interest within the broad field of vascular plant taxonomy.

The
successful candidate is expected to perform curatorial duties for the L.S.U.
Vascular Plant Her-barium.

Qualifications:
Ph.D with demonstrated competence in teaching and research. Interest in directing
graduate study is essential.

THE
LIFE SCIENCES UNIT, (Institute of Arctic Biology and the College of Biological
Sciences and Renewable Resources) is soliciting applications for a temporary
position in ECOLOGY at the Assistant Professor level for the 1975-1976 academic
year. This position is a replacement for a faculty member who will be on leave
for this period.

Applicants
should have the Ph.D. degree and should be prepared to teach a sophomore level
course in principles of ecology during the fall semester, and a junior-senior
level course in animal ecology during the spring semester. In addition, the
successful applicant should ex-

Page 8

pect
to offer one additional course per semester in a mutually agreeable subject
area, to constitute a full teaching load. Suitable subject areas might include
animal behavior and/or entomology. Instruction might be at the graduate or
undergraduate level.

Interested
candidates should submit curriculum vitae, reprints of publications, a list
of courses they feel qualified to offer, and arrange to have three letters
of reference sent to Dr. George C. West, Institute of Arctic Biology, University
of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701.

Also,
the unit is seeking a MICROBIAL ECOLOGIST AND/OR CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANIST at the
Assistant Professor level to complement research and instructional programs
related to decomposition processes and the role of lower plants in arctic
and sub-arctic ecosystems.

Applicants
must have the Ph.D. degree and preference will be given for post-doctoral,
environmental and northern research experience. The successful candidate will
be expected to participate in independent and cooperative research programs
with other University faculty, to develop course offerings in cryptogamic
botany or related subject, to assist in graduate student training, and to
develop support through grants and contracts. Immediate needs are to assume
a major role in assessing the role of lower plants and microorganisms in the
decomposition process in a black spruce community in interior Alaska as part
of an integrated ecosystem program and to develop expertise in nutrient and
energy transfers in arctic tundra as well as taiga ecosystems. Salary is dependent
on qualifications and experience.

Candidates
should send curriculum vitae, reprints of publications, transcripts of scholastic
record, and a statement of their specific research interests as these might
relate to northern problems to Dr. George C. West, Institute of Arctic Biology,
University of Alaska, Fair-banks, Alaska 99701. Three letters of recommendation
must also be provided.

The "Section of Palaeobotany" of the International Botanical Congresses

Those
of us who have taken part in earlier international botanical congresses remember
with a certain nostalgia the life and work of the section of palaeobotany.
Members knew each other and often developed a personal friendship, which not
only was pleasant, but also furthered our work in many ways. Newcomers were
welcomed, and felt welcome. It was an unforgettable experience for the novice
to meet the older palaeobotanists, to discover that these persons were very
human, and that they listened with interest to the paper he read.

The
work of the palaeobotanical section was not too narrow. Problems of morphology,
phytogeography, taxonomy, stratigraphy, and other fields, were often discussed.
But the delimitation was clear, because the fossil material always formed
the basis and the starting point.

Under
the present arrangement palaeobotanists have lost their identity. We find
ourselves citizens, of some sort, of the most diverse sections where most
of us (at least the undersigned) do not feel entirely at home.

Would
it not be better to resurrect the old Sect. Pb?

It
is true that the character of the section has changed as the result of the
development and strong growth of palynology. This fact, however, cannot be
used as an argument in favour of elimination of the Sect. Pb. Rather to the
contrary.

It
would be good if this question could be discussed when the International Organization
of Paleobotany meets during the coming Congress in Leningrad.

Ove
Arbo Hoeg

A
New Metric Manual

As
the United States prepares for conversion to the metric system, J. J. Keller
& Associates, Inc., announces the publication of the "Metric Manual."
This is the first and only such edition in America, and deals with all essential
metric data relative to the conversion process.

The
deluxe binder edition provides practical back-ground information necessary
to understand the full implications of metrication in this country. The "Metric
Manual" has required several years of planning and research — and parallels
the announcements by several major industries and organizations to convert
to the metric system.

Ideal
for home and business libraries, the "Metric Manual" is published in loose-leaf,
3 ring binder format and contains: History of Measurement, Development of
Metrology, U. S. Metric Considerations, Standards, Government Agencies, Metric
Training, Personal Applications, Business Considerations, Industrial Foundation,
Professional Concerns, Related Organizations, Foreign Commerce, Measurement
Comparisons, Glossary and Appendix.

Copies
are available now at a special introductory price of $25 each (postage and
handling prepaid, if payment accompanies order), direct from the publisher:
J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc., 145 W. Wisconsin Ave., Neenah, Wisconsin
54956.

The
Corvallis Meeting

The
Botanical Society will meet with A.I.B.S. at Oregon State University, Corvallis,
August 17 to 22, 1975. A call for papers has been mailed by the Society, and
titles and abstracts should have been in by now. This will be the 26th annual
meeting of A.I.B.S. and despite the International Botanical Congress in Leningrad,
this promises to be a large and eventful convention. The General Chairman
this year is Dr. J. R. Shay, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon
State University, Corvallis, Or. 97331. The Special theme for the meeting
will be "Responsible Management of Biological Re-sources". Participating botanical
groups are the American Bryological and Lichenological Society, the American
Society of Plant Physiologists, The American Society of Plant Taxonomists,
the Botanical Society of America, the Ecological Society, the Mycological
Society, the Phycological Society, and the Torrey Botanical Club. Those desiring
more information should write to The AIBS Meeting Department, 1401 Wilson
Blvd., Arlington, Va. 22209. Forms for reserving rooms and pre-registration
will be printed in forthcoming issues of Bioscience. Reservations forms for
field trips are given in this issue of PSB.

Itinerary:
A tour of coastal habitats and flora in north-west Oregon, to include marshlands,
dunes and their patterns of succession, headlands — including demonstrations
of forest management on Cascade Head — and an easy hike on a Coast Range
peak in Saddle Mountain State Park. Accomodations will be a choice between
motel rooms and camping-out at a State Park near Tillamook, Oregon. The trip
will depart from the Oregon State University campus early Friday morning and
return late Saturday afternoon.

Transportation:
Travel will be in private vehicles, to the extent these can be supplied by
the participants. No rough roads are expected. Those interested in this trip
should indicate on the reservation form whether they have a car available,
and if so, how many additional passengers it can hold. Participants who will
require transportation should so indicate.

Please
indicate, also, whether you will plan to camp out on Friday night or will
need motel accomodations. Make a note of any special requests regarding such
accomodations; the trip leaders have reserved rooms for the group ahead of
time.

Costs:
Restaurant meals and box lunches will be purchased by the participants individually.
Motel rooms will be approximately $7-$10 per person. Riders will be expected
to share vehicle costs with those who provide their personal cars. Total driving
distance will be about 275 miles.

Reservations:
Reservation form should be returned to: Dr. J. H. Lyford, Department of General
Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331.

A
RESERVATION DOWNPAYMENT of $5.00 is required, by check made payable to Oregon
State University; funds will be applied toward trip costs or be reimbursed.

DEADLINE
FOR RECEIPT OF RESERVATION AND DOWNPAYMENT IS JUNE 15, 1975.

Reservations
may be cancelled up to August 1, 1975, and there will be a full refund.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I
wish to make reservations for __ person(s) for
the OREGON COAST FIELD TRIP.

With
respect to transportation needs:

(a)
I cannot provide my own car and will need rides for the members of my party.

(b)
I will be driving my own car, and can provide rides
for __ passengers in addition to my own party.

With
respect to room accomodations for Aug. 15th:
(a) I will be camping out and will not require a motel room.

(b)
I will need a motel room. (Note: participants will be asked to share rooms, as appropriate, to keep expenses down; if this
will not be satisfactory to you, please comment below on room preference).

Itinerary:
A transect of the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon, through a range of
forest types from high rainfall areas on the lower west side, up to the subalpine
and down through ponderosa-pine and juniper communities to sagebrush on the
east side. Included will be hikes to subalpine wildflower areas and visits
to lava flows in different stages of revegetation. Participants must supply
their own bedrolls and appropriate clothing for camping-out at a public forest
camp. The trip will depart from the Oregon State University campus early Friday
morning and return late Saturday afternoon.

Transportation:
Travel will be in private vehicles, to the extent these can be supplied by
the participants. No rough roads are expected. Those interested in going on
the trip should indicate on the reservation form whether they have a vehicle
available, and if so, how many additional passengers it can hold. Participants
who will require transportation should so indicate.

Costs:
Meals will be prepared en route; the cost of groceries, etc., will be shared
among those on the trip. Riders will be expected to share vehicle costs with
those who provide their personal cars. Total driving distance will be about
250 miles.

Reservations:
Reservation form should be returned to: Dr. J. H. Lyford, Department of General
Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331

A
RESERVATION DOWNPAYMENT of $5.00 is required, by check made payable to Oregon
State University; funds will be applied toward purchase of food for the trip.

DEADLINE
FOR RECEIPT OF RESERVATION AND DOWNPAYMENT IS JUNE 15, 1975.

(Reservations
may be cancelled up to August 1, 1975, and
the downpayment will be refunded)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
wish to make reservations for __ person(s) for the OREGON CASCADES FIELD TRIP.

With
respect to transportation needs:

(a)
I cannot provide my own car and will need rides for the members of my party.

(b) I will be driving my own car, and can provide rides for __ passengers
in addition to my own party,

With
respect to camping-out: (answers are optional)

(a)
I will be bringing only a bedroll and clothing.

(b)
In addition to my personal gear, I can bring a stove and/or cooking equipment.

Adolph
E. Waller, 1892-1975

Adolph
E. Waller, Professor Emeritus of Botany at The Ohio State University died
January 28, 1975. He was on the faculty at The Ohio State University for 45
years prior to his retirement ten years ago. Professor Waller was born August
24, 1892, in Louisville, Kentucky, and was a graduate of the Louisville Male
High School, one of the oldest private high schools in the mid-west. He attended
college at the University of Michigan and the University of Kentucky, from
the latter received his AB degree in 1914. His M.S. and Ph.D were from The
Ohio State University in 1916 and 1918. During his graduate years he participated
in the early efforts to control wheat stem rust through the USDA barberry
eradication program. His graduate research was devoted to some of the earliest
studies of agricultural crop ecology, resulting in his publications, "Crop
Centers of the U. S.," and "The Relation of Plant Succession to Crop Production."
These investigations established some of the present-day agricultural crop
production principles. During World War I his professional contributions to
increase food production were meritorious. In the early '20's he participated
in studies of the impact of air pollution on arid lands crop production resulting
from the copper smelters of the Salt Lake Basin.

Dr.
Waller pursued postdoctoral studies at the Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, England.
He joined the staff of The Ohio State University in 1919. Always a devoted
and inspiring teacher, he encouraged many of his students to pursue graduate
studies in the sciences. Several of his former students have attained national
and international reputations. During his teaching career at the University
he planned, developed, and served as curator of the University Botanic Gardens
for more than 15 years. He was always concerned with the advancement of the
sciences, particularly botany, genetics, and the history of science. He served
as Treasurer of the Ohio Academy of Science for almost two decades and was
named an honorary life member of the Academy in 1966. From 1920 to 1923 he
was on the editorial board of Ecology. He was a member and active participant
in many professional societies, including the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and the Ohio Academy of Science, both of which named
him a Fellow, The Ohio Academy of Medical History, the Ecological Society
of America, the Botanical Society of America, the History of Science Society,
and Sigma Xi.

He
was a recognized authority on the breeding of irises. He published, authored
and coauthored numerous publications among the latter of which includes A
Guide to Ohio Plants and an extensive series of papers dealing with early
Ohio botanists and geologists who also held medical degrees. He served as
a consultant to the Columbus Laboratories of Battelle Memorial Institute for
several years following his retirement.

Dr.
Waller was widely traveled and had a strong interest in the history and culture
of the early Maya of Central America and their significance in the development
of maize as a western hemisphere agricultural crop.

A
named annual lecture in Plant Sciences has been established in Dr. Waller's
memory at The Ohio State University, R.
S. Davidson Battelle Laboratories Columbus, Ohio 43201

Botanical
Society of America, Inc.
Report of Treasurer
Projected for
January 1974 - 31 December 1974

BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, INC.
Minutes
of the Annual Business Meeting

June 18. 1974
Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona

The
meeting was called to order at 1:04 PM by President Theodore Delevoryas
in Room A106 of the Physical Sciences Center. Twenty-six members were
present at that time, constituting a quorum. The number in attendance
later reached :30.

The
minutes of the 197:3 Business Meeting of the Botanical Society, as published
in Plant Science Bulletin, were approved.

Election
Committee Report. In the absence of the chairman of Lhe committee, Lawrence
J. Crockett, the President read the results of the recent mail ballot.
The officers for 1974 are:

The
Treasurer, C. Ritchie Bell, and Program Chairman, Augustus E. DeMaggio, continue
in office for 1974.

Secretary's
Report. Barbara Palser reported on three publications handled by the office
of the Secretary.

Guide
to Graduate Study in Botany. During the year revision of the current (1971)
edition was undertaken by the Education Committee, specifically by Willard
W. Payne. Data have been compiled and final copy is in preparation for the
printer. The issue should be available in the fall of 1974.

Career
Booklet. Just under 7,0110 copies have been distributed since the time of
the last meetings. The present edition will be reprinted, and the Education
Committee will be asked to start on a revision of the booklet.

Yearbook.
The 1973-1974 Yearbook was delayed by the difficulties en-countered in the
transfer of the Society's mailing list from one computer to another, but it
is now at the printer's and should be in the mail in another month. Because
of the delay in publication, an issue of the Yearbook will not be prepared
in 1975.

Since
this was the last year in office of the present secretary, the President expressed
the thanks of the Society to her for five years of service in this office.

Committee
on Corresponding Members. Arthur Cronquist, Chairman of the Committee,
presented the names of two individuals recommended by the Committee and
approved by the Council for election to corresponding membership: Marjorie
E. .1. Chandler, paleobotanist front Great Britain, and P. N. Mehra, bryologist
from India. The election of these two outstanding botanists was moved,
seconded, and approved unanimously. This brings to 48 the number of living
corresponding members, 2 less than the limit set by the By-laws.

Treasurer.
Ritchie Bell distributed copies of the final 1973 'treasurer's report,
data on membership in the Society over the past few years, financial report
to date for 1974, and the projected report for 1974. He explained certain
of the items contained in these reports and pointed out that we had been
operating on a deficit for two years, that our reserve funds were being
uncomfortably depleted to a level below that necessary to operate the
Society for six months, and that we cannot continue to function in this
way.

He
also distributed copies of the budget proposed for 1975. This proposed budget
had been amended by the Council to include approximate=ly $8,000 in additional
expenses so that the deficit anticipated would be on the order of $11,500
including a subsidy for the American Journal of Botany of only of that requested
by the Journal. Income was based ill the current (197.1) dues structure of
the Society. I)r. Bell answered questions relative to several items iii the
budget. He then moved the following change in dues for 1975 which had been
recommended by the Council:

Dues in each of these membership categories is eligible for reduction (amount
indicated at the right) if paid by December 31, 1974.

Life - $ 500.00

Sustaining -
:350.00 The motion was seconded and passed with only a few dissents. Dr. Bell
pointed out that the increased income should lead to a balanced budget and
hopefully, if there was not too }neat a loss in membership, to replacing a
very little to the badly depleted reserve fund. He then moved approval of
the 1975 budget as modified by the Council and incorporating the new dues
income. This was seconded and passed unanimously.

Business
Manager, American Journal of Botany. Richard Popham distributed copies
of his report of the Journal finances for 1973, the projected report for
1974, and the proposed budget for 1975. His printed material contained
some interesting figures comparing the American Journal of Botany to other
journals. He pointed out that his budget included a larger subsidy by
the Society than had been approved in the Treasurer's budget. lie also
reported that the Council had approved a change in policy relative to
page charges in the Journal: for those authors who had no grants to pay
for publication, 6 pages would be allowed free, each additional page would
be charged for at the rate of $50 per page. Dr. Popham pointed out that
it now costs $100 per page to print the Journal and that this cost will
be greater in 1975 so that the $50 charge does not come close to covering
the cost of adding a page.

Dr.
Popham moved the acceptance of his report and budget; the motion was seconded
and passed unanimously.

Editor,
American Journal of Botany. Norman Boke passed out a sheet containing
figures concerning the number of papers received (16:3) and the number
published (133). He pointed out that his backlog of manuscripts has been
increasing so that the average time between receipt and publication is
now about 11.6 months. The shortest time possible would be 8-9 months.
At present it would be necessary to reject. more manuscripts or increase
the number of pages per number (present budget does not allow this) to
reduce the accumulated backlog of manuscripts. Editing is completed through
the .lanuary and part of February 1975 numbers.

Since
this is Dr. Buke's last year as Editor, his services were enthusiastically
acclaimed at the conclusion of his report. He will be replaced by Ernest M.
Gifford.

Forthcoming
meetings. Dr. Delevoryas reported that the Council had rescinded their
197:3 action to meet officially at the XII International Botanical Congress
and voted to meet with AIBS at Oregon State University in Corvallis, August
17-22 in 1975.

The Council had voted to contact the plant physiologists relative to meeting
with them in 1976. It had since been learned that ASPP will be meeting with
AIBS at Tulane University in New Orleans May 30-June 4, so we probably will
meet with AIBS.

Charter
Flight to XII International Congress. Joseph Arditti reported very briefly
that charter flights will go to Leningrad and that a travel agency has
been retained to handle land arrangements. information will be sent to
those already registered for flights. Others can obtain in-formation from
Dr. Arditti.

Resolution
re 1974 Meeting. Dr. Dennis Stevenson read the following resolution: "The
Botanical Society wishes to express its gratitude to the administrative
officers of both Arizona State University and the American Institute of
Biological Sciences, to the General Chairman, Dr. James E. Canright, and
to their local representative, Dr. Duncan T. Patten, for the excellent
arrangements and facilities provided for the 1974 meetings." This resolution
was approved by acclamation.

Old
Business. None was brought up.

New Business. Dr. Delevoryas reported that the Council had approved the
formation of a Structural Botany Section of the Society which will in essence
replace the old General Section. The Program Chairman was authorized to
arrange general contributed paper sessions at the meetings, if needed, to
incorporate papers which might not logically fit in sessions of the new
section ur others of the regular sections.

The meeting was adjourned at 1:55 PM.

Respectfully
submitted, Barbara F. Palser, Secretary

Page 14

Merit Award

This
award is made to persons judged to have made outstanding contributions to
botanical science. The first awards were made in 1956 at the 50th anniversary
of the Botanical Society and one or more have been presented each year since
that time. This year the Award Committee has selected three botanists who
are eminently qualified to join the ranks of merit awardees.

To Chester A. Arnold of the University of Michigan "distinguished
student of the structure and evolutionary significance of fossil plants; his
many contributions have greatly advanced our knowledge of the vegetation of
past ages and exemplify the highest standards of objective reporting and honest
interpretations."

To Gerald W. Prescott of the University of Montana Biological
Station, Flathead Lake "influential teacher and knowledgeable student of the
taxonomy, ecology and geography of fresh water algae, especially desmids, of
North America; proponent of the importance of algae in limnology; prime mover
in the founding of the Phycological Society of America."

To Arthur Cronquist of the New York Botanical Garden "systematist
sensu lato: creator of imaginative phylogenetic systems; effective organizer
of and prolific contributor to monumental regional floras of North America;
monographer and foremost student of North American Compositae."

Darbaker Award

This
award is made for meritorious work in the study of microscopical algae. The
recipient is selected by a Committee of the Botanical Society which bases
its judgment primarily on papers published during the last two full calendar
years.

To Jeremy David Pickett-Heaps of the University of Colorado
"for his significant contributions to our understanding of the ultra-structural
cytology of both nuclear and cellular division, especially among green algae.
His tireless explorations into micromorphology have led to the synthesis of
important new ideas on algal phylogeny, microtubular-organizing substances,
the role of the centriole, and the origin of higher plants. The 45 papers published
since 1970 represent a prodigious and remarkable effort which has set a high
standard for con-temporary phycologists."

The George R. Cooley Award

The George R. Cooley Award is given annually by the American Society of Plant
Taxonomists for the best paper presented at the annual meeting. This year the
Award is presented to Ernest Small, Biosyslematics Research
Institute, Ottawa, for his paper entitled "The Systematics of Cannabis."

The Paleobotanical Section Award

Annually an award is made to the author of the most outstanding paper presented
at the annual meeting of the Paleobotanical Section of the Botanical Society
of America. This year's Award is to Charles W. Good, Ohio University,
Athens for his paper entitled "The Elater-Bearing Spores of the Calamitales."

New York Botanical Garden Award

The
New York Botanical Garden presents an award to the author of a recent, publication
making an outstanding contribution to the fundamental aspects of botany. The
recipient is selected by a committee of the Botanical Society.

To Katherine Esau of the University of California, Santa Barbara
"for her tireless, continued research oil the ultrastructure of phloem, and
especially her most recent publications on the ultrastructure of virus-host
relationships in sugar beets and other plants,"

Jesse M. Greenman Award

The
.Jesse M. Greenman Award is presented each year by the Alumni Association
of the Missouri Botanical Garden. It recognizes the hest paper in plant systematics
based on a doctoral dissertation published during the previous year.

The 7th annual award, in 1974, goes to Ihsan A. Al-Shahhaz,
University of Baghdad, for his paper "The hiosystematics of the genus Thelypodium
(Cruciferae)" published in Contributions of the Gray Herbarium 204: 3-148. 197:3.

BOOK REVIEWS

How
Trees Grow is No. 39 in a series of short British biological reviews which
deal with various areas of specialization. Although the style and format is
rather formal, the purpose of the "booklet" is not unlike several popular
biological series published in this country. Writ-ten for the non-specialist
on the high school undergraduate level, the author presents a brief review
of selected structural, physiological, and molecular aspects of tree growth.
In spite of brevity — 57 pages of text, 2 pages of references —
the author writes with clarity concerning the major concepts of tree morphology,
dormancy, wood structure, the vascular cambium, reaction wood, bark-cork formation,
woody roots, and the paleobotanical record. Descriptive and experimental data
are interrelated for most topics. Also, conflicting and inexplicable mechanisms
are presented in such a manner as to arouse and maintain the reader's interest.
In addition to being well written, this mini-review is well edited and free
of technical errors. Although not as richly illustrated as its American counterpart,
illustrations, many of which are from the original papers, are located for
the reader's convenience.

A
shortcoming of this book is that the contributions of electron microscopy
to many of the topics discussed are almost ignored. Although this area is
treated in other publications of the series, the absence of the ultrastructural
hierarchy in the chapters dealing with cellular and molecular levels of tree
growth weakens the publication's continuity and autonomy. The book also lacks
a subject index and glossary, the latter being of no great con-sequence.

In
keeping with the purpose of the book, the author has skillfully defined and
explained terminology in the text.

How
Trees Grow should be useful supplementary reading for the traditional undergraduate
botany course and could serve as a source book for the increasingly popular
non-major short course.

As
expected from such a short monograph dealing with a complex and extensive
topic — photosynthesis — the coverage is neither extensive nor
rigorous. In addition, there are very few references to original literature
at the end of each chapter with most citations referring either to other monographs
or to review articles. Hence, this volume would not seem to be of much value
to an advanced student wishing to obtain a thorough introduction to photosynthesis
nor would it serve as a very useful starting point for a student or research
scientist who wishes to find the relevant and pertinent original literature.
Rather, this monograph would seem to be of value for the purpose of giving
an undergraduate an introduction to photosynthesis or of providing an easy
way for a graduate student, not in the field of plant physiology, to prepare
for a comprehensive examination in botany. Also, the book may well serve as
a useful reference for other botanists wishing to have on their bookshelf
some elementary background in-formation and data about photosynthesis.

In
the preface Dr. Fogg stipulates that he intends to emphasize relationships
of photosynthesis both to other plant processes as well as to the problems
of providing our food supply while deemphasizing coverage of the biochemical
and biophysical aspects of the process itself. This emphasis is clearly evident
in the elementary coverage of the light reactions of photosynthesis, requiring
minimal back-ground in the physical sciences on the part of the reader. Curiously
enough, however, one of the more important biochemical developments in photosynthetic
dark re-actions, the elucidation of a carbon fixation process alternative
to the Calvin-Benson cycle — the C'-dicarboxylic acid pathway —
is virtually ignored even though it is becoming quite clear that this pathway
has great practical significance for agriculture. There is little more than
passing mention of the existence of this alternative pathway without any discussion
either of the nature of the process or of its importance in terms of maximizing
use of the two environmental resources — carbon dioxide and water —
which are most commonly limiting plant growth.

Perhaps
the most useful feature of this book is its stress on usages of the chemical
energy conserved by the light reactions of photosynthesis for processes such
as nitrate reduction, the assimilation of organic substances, and the synthesis
of non-carbohydrate organic substances, which are alternatives to the use
of energy in the synthesis of carbohydrate. Such information seems to be often
ignored in other comparable discussions of photosynthesis.

This
is an excellent book. As in the first edition, the authors have brought together
a wealth of interesting material covering a variety of aspects of plant science
and agricultural crop production into a highly intelligible, coordinated sequence.
The book consists of five major sections: I, Plants and Men, II, Nature of
Crop Plants, III, Plant Environment, IV, Strategy of Crop Production, V, Industry
of Plant Agriculture, and VI, The Marketplace. The several chapters in each
part have been brought up to date and two new chapters, "Agriculture, Pollution
and the Environment," and "The Organization of Agricultural Research Systems"
have been added.

In
these critical times, when public recognition of the importance of crops is
probably greater than ever, and the urgent problems of providing adequate
food and fiber for mankind are matters of deep worldwide concern, it would
seem imperative to have increased and widespread understanding of the factors
affecting the current situation and the future. Plant Science seems admirably
suited for several types of courses dealing with these problems. It should
also be a handy reference work for biology and botany teachers.

The
book contains the basic fundamentals of plant science, i.e., the structure,
growth and functions of plants, their applications to crop production, and
the social, economic and political aspects of plants and plant products. There
are many subjective opinions and interpretations expressed, and we might take
issue with some of these, but such questions could be useful in stimulating
class discussions.

This
book contains a considerable amount of subject matter in concentrated form.
It could well serve as the basis for a year course. For shorter courses, judicious
selection of parts would be relatively easy. The authors state that the book
is intended for an introductory university level course in plant or crop science,
and although the fundamentals are included, it might seem better to use this
book after some introductory biology or botany course had been taken. Courses
in the area of this book, i.e., the scientific, technologic, and economic
bases of world crop production, would be valuable additions to any curriculum
in biology or botany.

This
is an excellently written, accurate presentation of the major provisions of
the various codes of nomenclature used by biologists, and of the principles
behind them. In lacking specific details or even citations of relevant articles
in the codes, the volume is no substitute for them to the working taxonomist.
But if it be carefully read and comprehended by botanists generally (including
taxonomists!), perhaps we dare hope for greater understanding of the alleged
mysteries of nomenclature — and that elementary texts, which almost
invariably convey misinformation relating to the subject, can henceforth avoid
such nonsense as this: "Emphasis in taxonomic studies has now shifted from
a collection of type species (practiced by early taxonomists) to a study of
populations.

The attempt is not so much to study the species as an unchanging taxonomic
unit (establishing type specimens, etc.) but to study the dynamic processes
of speciation."

Jeffrey
makes very clear the distinction between nomenclature and classification,
as for example in clarifying the role of types (something widely misunderstood,
as witness the above quotation from a recent text). "It is names, not taxa,
that have types.... The purpose of a type is to provide a fixed point in the
range of variation of organisms so that no matter where discontinuities are
found to occur and boundaries between taxa drawn, the application of names
can be unequivocally

Page 16

decided."
The science and art of classification — or, to put it in precise terms,
the practice of assigning taxonomic rank, circumscription, and position to
populations — is something with which nomenclature does not deal. The
correct name for a plant depends, obviously, on how it is classified, and
the function of the codes is simply to offer rules (including those regarding
typification) for selecting or providing names once the taxonomic judgments
have been made.

The
style of this book is not to summarize separately each of the principal codes
(Botanical, Zoological, Bacteriological) but to consider common topics (such
as scientific names, typification, priority, synonymy, citation) with comparisons,
where necessary, between the codes. The last chapter considers special cases
and exceptions, including provisions for fossils, fungi, hybrids, viruses,
etc. There is a combined glossary/index.

While
some botanical nomenclaturists might debate the broad scope accepted under
the concept of illegitimate names, this lucid little volume seems to contain
no serious errors that would lead astray anyone who seeks to understand the
restricted but important role that nomenclature plays in systematics. It is
thus far better than Savory's Naming the Living World (1962) which (the present
publisher's blurb notwithstanding) earlier covered the same ground, but with
numerous errors. The price is relatively expensive, but persons who can wait
to order from abroad should be advised that a paperback edition sells in Great
Britain for Li, scarcely more than a third of the price asked by the American
publisher for the hard-cover edition.

After
22 years Julia Morton has published a revised and improved edition of her
previous "400 Plants of South Florida." The new book found it ". . . necessary
to add 150 species, drop 50 of the less important from the first edition ...",
and these improvements have resulted in a book much more useful than the 1952
version. Also, the new edition has almost 200 photographs which are an improvement
over the line drawings previously used.

The
format of the new book is much like the old edition, alphabetical by scientific
name. This is supported by an index to common names and botanical synonyms.
Thus, with knowledge of either scientific or common name, a plant can be located.
Once the plant is located, there is a succinct description, common names,
family, hints on propagation, and often comments on edibility, poisonous effects
to humans and how the plant has affected our native vegetation. For the most
part the author has been faithful to her task of providing correct names and
synonyms (p. 11), but there are notable exceptions. Only one of the Morning
Glories (Convolvulaceae) has a synonym listed; the author makes no mention
that Calonyction and Quamoclit are now included in Ipomoea. Similarly, for
the Sapotaceae, there is no mention that Sideroxylon foetidissimum is now
considered a member of Mastichodendron.

Most
of the pictures are reproduced well, and composition is good, with a few exceptions.
The black and white pictures come out better than the colored, at least in
the copies I've seen. The blues and reds of virtually all the pictures are
faded or off true colors. In spite of these faults the illustrations are a
welcome addition. The cover is adorned with three particularly attractive
examples.

As
I sat thumbing through the book, thinking how useful it would be for the numerous
questions always received at universities, it occurred to me that the author
has recorded about one-third the number of species known for the native flora
of South Florida. It is any wonder than that one sees over and over in this
book "... springs up like a weed in neglected lots ..." . . . runs wild in
South Florida" "... naturalized in South Florida and becoming a `weed' tree"
... "well-established as an ex-cape" ... "running wild in the Everglades"
... "formed extensive `jungles' crowding out native vegetation . .

With
all this, the author makes no claim that she has included all of the exotic
species introduced into South Florida. A complete list would surely run over
one-third of our native flora.

Horticulturalists,
botanists, and conservationists — in short, anyone interested in plants
— should find useful information in this book.

Daniel
F. Austin Florida Atlantic University

PLANT SCIENCE BULLETIN LIFE SCIENCE BUILDING UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA,
FLORIDA 33620

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