Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

published:03 Sep 2014

views:6208951

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole on the evolution of the cluster core. In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys.

published:30 Nov 2017

views:5100

A new study tries to tackle the questions surrounding dark energy by examining properties of X-ray emission from galaxy clusters.

published:17 Jun 2016

views:5933

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

published:19 Aug 2013

views:145464

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Last week we covered multiple star systems, but what if we added thousands or even millions of stars to the mix? A star cluster. There are different kinds of clusters, though. Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of stars held together by gravity. They’re young, and evaporate over time, their stars let loose to roam space freely. Globular clusters, on the other hand, are larger, have hundreds of thousands of stars, and are more spherical. They’re very old, a significant fraction of the age of the Universe itself, and that means their stars have less heavy elements in them, are redder, and probably don’t have planets (though we’re not really sure).
Crash CourseAstronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Table of Contents
Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of young stars 00:29
Over time, open clusters evaporate 3:23
Globular clusters contain hundreds of thousands of old stars in spherical formation 5:50
Globular clusters have less heavy elements, thus probably do not have planets 6:43
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
FollowPhil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Magellanic gemstone in the southern sky [NGC 290] http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0603c/ [credit: European Space Agency & NASA]
Extreme star cluster bursts into life in new Hubble image http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0715a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
View of a Sun-like star within an open cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321d/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
Motion of stars in Omega Centauri http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1017a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Anderson and R. van der Marel (STScI)]
47 Tucanae: Probing Extreme Matter Through Observations of Neutron Stars http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2013/47tuc/ [credit: NASA/CXC/Michigan State/A.Steiner et al]
Hubble Refines Distance to PleiadesStarCluster http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/20/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and AURA/Caltech]
M45 Pleiades https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im1116.html [credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), RichardCool (University of Arizona) and WIYN]
From the Pleiades to the Hyades http://www.deepskycolors.com/archive/2011/11/06/from-the-Pleiades-to-the-Hyades.html [credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo]
Messier 035 AtlasImage https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Messier_035_2MASS.jpg [credit: Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation]
Globular cluster 47 Tucanae http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1510a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
The oldest cluster in its cloud http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1428a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
An unexpected population of young-looking stars http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1244a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
View of a globular cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321c/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
All that glitters http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1449a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]

published:09 Oct 2015

views:523928

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: https://goo.gl/fuEv5s
Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about one of the largest structures in the universe - our own Laniakea supercluster that we are a part of.
Enjoy the video!
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath

published:10 Oct 2016

views:131349

Astronomers have just found the biggest galaxy wall yet. What is a cosmic great wall, and how do we find them?
Does This Discovery Prove There's Another Universe? ►►►►http://bit.ly/25uz6Cd
Sign Up For The TestTube Newsletter Here ►►►► http://bit.ly/1myXbFG
Read More:
Biggest Thing in Universe Found-Defies Scientific Theory
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/01/130111-quasar-biggest-thing-universe-science-space-evolution/
"Talk about a whopper-astronomers have discovered a structure in the universe so large that modern cosmological theory says it should not exist, a new study says. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, an international team of researchers has discovered a record-breaking cluster of quasars-young active galaxies-stretching four billion light-years across."
BOSS measures the universe to 1-percent accuracy
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2014/01/08/boss.measures.universe.1.percent.accuracy
"Today the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Collaboration announced that BOSS has measured the scale of the universe to an accuracy of one percent. This and future measures at this precision are the key to determining the nature of dark energy."
Discovery of a MassiveSuperclusterSystem at z ? 0.47
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.08498v1.pdf
"The large-scale structure of the Universe can be seen as the cosmic web of clusters and groups of galaxies connected by filaments, with under-dense voids between the over-dense regions. The largest over-dense, relatively isolated systems in the cosmic web are the superclusters of galaxies."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews
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DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
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Discovery News http://discoverynews.com
Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

published:01 Apr 2016

views:529541

The MillenniumSimulation featured in this clip was run in 2005 by the Virgo Consortium, an international group of astrophysicists from Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and the United States. A virtual cube of 2 billion light years on a side was "filled" with 10 billion "particles" whose evolution was computed using the physical laws expected to hold in the currently known cosmologies. The initial distribution of matter, that resembled the conditions present when the cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted (about 379,000 years after the universe began) was allowed to evolve, and the formation of galaxies and black holes in the simulation were recorded. After all the computing work was done (28 days, at a rate of 200 billion calculations per second) 20 million galaxies were formed in the initial space. These galaxies and the dark matter around them formed web-like structures that resemble the shapes observed by the most recent data available in cosmic surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Also very importantly: the simulation provided support for our current "standard model" of cosmology, the so called: LambdaCold Dark MatterModel.
For more info, please check:
Mullennium I: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/virgo/millennium/
Mullennium II: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium-II/

Galaxy cluster

A galaxy cluster or cluster of galaxies is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s when superclusters were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with star clusters such as open clusters, which are structures of stars within galaxies, as well as globular clusters, which typically orbit galaxies. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as groups of galaxies rather than clusters of galaxies. The groups and clusters can themselves cluster together to form superclusters.

Crash Course

Plot

Crash Course centers on a group of high schoolers in a driver’s education class; many for the second or third time. The recently divorced teacher, super-passive Larry Pearl, is on thin ice with the football fanatic principal, Principal Paulson, who is being pressured by the district superintendent to raise driver’s education completion rates or lose his coveted football program. With this in mind, Principal Paulson and his assistant, with a secret desire for his job, Abner Frasier, hire an outside driver’s education instructor with a very tough reputation, Edna Savage, aka E.W. Savage, who quickly takes control of the class.

The plot focuses mostly on the students and their interactions with their teachers and each other. In the beginning, Rico is the loner with just a few friends, Chadley is the bookish nerd with few friends who longs to be cool and also longs to be a part of Vanessa’s life who is the young, friendly and attractive girl who had to fake her mother’s signature on her driver’s education permission slip. Kichi is the hip-hop Asian kid who often raps what he has to say and constantly flirts with Maria, the rich foreign girl who thinks that the right-of-way on the roadways always goes to (insert awesomely fake foreign Latino accent) “my father’s limo”. Finally you have stereotypical football meathead J.J., who needs to pass his English exam to keep his eligibility and constantly asks out and gets rejected by Alice, the tomboy whose father owns “Santini & Son” Concrete Company. Alice is portrayed as being the “son” her father wanted.

Crash Course (YouTube)

Crash Course (sometimes stylized as CrashCourse) is an educational YouTube channel started by the Green brothers, Hank Green and John Green, who are notable for their VlogBrothers channel. Originally, John and Hank presented humanities and science courses to viewers, respectively, although the series has since expanded to incorporate courses by additional hosts.

Crash Course was one of the 100 initial channels of YouTube's $100 million original channel initiative. Crash Course launched a preview on December 2, 2011. As of February 14, 2016, the Crash Course YouTube channel has gotten 3,947,842 subscribers and has received over 300 million video views. In November 2014, Hank Green announced that a partnership with PBS Digital Studios would allow them to produce more courses, starting in January 2015.

Currently there are fourteen seasons of Crash Course, with Hank and John each hosting five. Together with Emily Graslie, they co-hosted Big History. As part of the PBS partnership, Phil Plait and Craig Benzine have hosted series about Astronomy and U.S. Government and Politics, respectively. A second channel, Crash Course Kids, is hosted by Sabrina Cruz and has started its first series, Science.

Crash Course (game show)

Crash Course is an American game show that premiered on ABC on August 26, 2009. It is hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. The series has teams of two competing for a golden steering
wheel and $50,000. The series was aimed to try and outbest Wipeout, but failed to beat its audience and has been canceled after three aired episodes (but four were produced).

Premise

Hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. Five teams of two are revealed at the beginning (Siblings, Mother-Son, Best Friends, Single Moms, Roommates, Neighbors etc.). The first round has all five teams competing, for example, in car bowling, the team with the lowest amount of pins would be eliminated.

For round two, the four teams would tackle an even more difficult challenge, another example, in Catch Me If You Can, the teams would fight through barrels to get up on a platform. Some cars don't make it and fall upside-down sometimes. The team who doesn't make it up as far or with the slowest time is eliminated.

NASA (Swedish band)

NASA is a Swedishsynthpop band fronted by Patrik Henzel and Martin Thors. They debuted in 1983 with a song for a Swedish film. In 1985 they had a Swedish top ten hit "Paula". In the 1980s, the band had little success outside of Sweden. A planned US album was recorded, but then shelved by Columbia Records. They continued to have numerous hit singles in their home country of Sweden. They were basically defunct for most of the 1990s, but had a resurgence with the album "Remembering the Future" in 1999.

Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

1:03:40

Galaxy Cluster Evolution over the Past 10 Billion Years

Galaxy Cluster Evolution over the Past 10 Billion Years

Galaxy Cluster Evolution over the Past 10 Billion Years

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole on the evolution of the cluster core. In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys.

2:33

A Tour of Galaxy Clusters

A Tour of Galaxy Clusters

A Tour of Galaxy Clusters

A new study tries to tackle the questions surrounding dark energy by examining properties of X-ray emission from galaxy clusters.

19:54

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

1:00:08

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Star Clusters: Crash Course Astronomy #35

Last week we covered multiple star systems, but what if we added thousands or even millions of stars to the mix? A star cluster. There are different kinds of clusters, though. Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of stars held together by gravity. They’re young, and evaporate over time, their stars let loose to roam space freely. Globular clusters, on the other hand, are larger, have hundreds of thousands of stars, and are more spherical. They’re very old, a significant fraction of the age of the Universe itself, and that means their stars have less heavy elements in them, are redder, and probably don’t have planets (though we’re not really sure).
Crash CourseAstronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Table of Contents
Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of young stars 00:29
Over time, open clusters evaporate 3:23
Globular clusters contain hundreds of thousands of old stars in spherical formation 5:50
Globular clusters have less heavy elements, thus probably do not have planets 6:43
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
FollowPhil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Magellanic gemstone in the southern sky [NGC 290] http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0603c/ [credit: European Space Agency & NASA]
Extreme star cluster bursts into life in new Hubble image http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0715a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
View of a Sun-like star within an open cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321d/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
Motion of stars in Omega Centauri http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1017a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Anderson and R. van der Marel (STScI)]
47 Tucanae: Probing Extreme Matter Through Observations of Neutron Stars http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2013/47tuc/ [credit: NASA/CXC/Michigan State/A.Steiner et al]
Hubble Refines Distance to PleiadesStarCluster http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/20/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and AURA/Caltech]
M45 Pleiades https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im1116.html [credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), RichardCool (University of Arizona) and WIYN]
From the Pleiades to the Hyades http://www.deepskycolors.com/archive/2011/11/06/from-the-Pleiades-to-the-Hyades.html [credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo]
Messier 035 AtlasImage https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Messier_035_2MASS.jpg [credit: Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation]
Globular cluster 47 Tucanae http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1510a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
The oldest cluster in its cloud http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1428a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
An unexpected population of young-looking stars http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1244a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
View of a globular cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321c/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
All that glitters http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1449a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]

10:56

LANIAKEA - Our Own Supercluster - Space Engine

LANIAKEA - Our Own Supercluster - Space Engine

LANIAKEA - Our Own Supercluster - Space Engine

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: https://goo.gl/fuEv5s
Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about one of the largest structures in the universe - our own Laniakea supercluster that we are a part of.
Enjoy the video!
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath

3:38

Could Galactic Walls Prove We're Wrong About The Universe?

Could Galactic Walls Prove We're Wrong About The Universe?

Could Galactic Walls Prove We're Wrong About The Universe?

Astronomers have just found the biggest galaxy wall yet. What is a cosmic great wall, and how do we find them?
Does This Discovery Prove There's Another Universe? ►►►►http://bit.ly/25uz6Cd
Sign Up For The TestTube Newsletter Here ►►►► http://bit.ly/1myXbFG
Read More:
Biggest Thing in Universe Found-Defies Scientific Theory
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/01/130111-quasar-biggest-thing-universe-science-space-evolution/
"Talk about a whopper-astronomers have discovered a structure in the universe so large that modern cosmological theory says it should not exist, a new study says. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, an international team of researchers has discovered a record-breaking cluster of quasars-young active galaxies-stretching four billion light-years across."
BOSS measures the universe to 1-percent accuracy
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2014/01/08/boss.measures.universe.1.percent.accuracy
"Today the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Collaboration announced that BOSS has measured the scale of the universe to an accuracy of one percent. This and future measures at this precision are the key to determining the nature of dark energy."
Discovery of a MassiveSuperclusterSystem at z ? 0.47
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.08498v1.pdf
"The large-scale structure of the Universe can be seen as the cosmic web of clusters and groups of galaxies connected by filaments, with under-dense voids between the over-dense regions. The largest over-dense, relatively isolated systems in the cosmic web are the superclusters of galaxies."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
LissettePadilla on Twitter https://twitter.com/lizzette
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews
Discovery News http://discoverynews.com
Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

4:25

The Cosmic Web, or: What does the universe look like at a VERY large scale?

The Cosmic Web, or: What does the universe look like at a VERY large scale?

The Cosmic Web, or: What does the universe look like at a VERY large scale?

The MillenniumSimulation featured in this clip was run in 2005 by the Virgo Consortium, an international group of astrophysicists from Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and the United States. A virtual cube of 2 billion light years on a side was "filled" with 10 billion "particles" whose evolution was computed using the physical laws expected to hold in the currently known cosmologies. The initial distribution of matter, that resembled the conditions present when the cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted (about 379,000 years after the universe began) was allowed to evolve, and the formation of galaxies and black holes in the simulation were recorded. After all the computing work was done (28 days, at a rate of 200 billion calculations per second) 20 million galaxies were formed in the initial space. These galaxies and the dark matter around them formed web-like structures that resemble the shapes observed by the most recent data available in cosmic surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Also very importantly: the simulation provided support for our current "standard model" of cosmology, the so called: LambdaCold Dark MatterModel.
For more info, please check:
Mullennium I: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/virgo/millennium/
Mullennium II: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium-II/

OMEGA CENTAURI - Giant Star Cluster Or Dead Dwarf Galaxy?

Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about Omega Centauri.
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath
The video introduction made by Daniel Bates
His YouTube channel with more of his work is here: https://www.youtube.com/mroutrochannel
The new music theme made by BogdanBratisCheck out his work here: http://www.bratis.uk/

9:42

Why Alien Civilizations May Be Moving To Galaxy Clusters

Why Alien Civilizations May Be Moving To Galaxy Clusters

Why Alien Civilizations May Be Moving To Galaxy Clusters

You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow
Event Horizon's Website:
https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/
Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @JMGEventHorizon
https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon
https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/
In this clip from our first episode of John Michael Godier's Event Horizon. We discuss the possibility of Alien civilizations moving to Galaxy Clusters to make the best use of mass and energy and why making copies of ourselves may be the key to interstellar travel and colonization, with my first guest theoretical physicist Dr. Avi Loeb, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University.
The full feature length episode premieres Sept. 20.

Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

published: 03 Sep 2014

Galaxy Cluster Evolution over the Past 10 Billion Years

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole...

published: 30 Nov 2017

A Tour of Galaxy Clusters

A new study tries to tackle the questions surrounding dark energy by examining properties of X-ray emission from galaxy clusters.

published: 17 Jun 2016

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We t...

published: 19 Aug 2013

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk...

Star Clusters: Crash Course Astronomy #35

Last week we covered multiple star systems, but what if we added thousands or even millions of stars to the mix? A star cluster. There are different kinds of clusters, though. Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of stars held together by gravity. They’re young, and evaporate over time, their stars let loose to roam space freely. Globular clusters, on the other hand, are larger, have hundreds of thousands of stars, and are more spherical. They’re very old, a significant fraction of the age of the Universe itself, and that means their stars have less heavy elements in them, are redder, and probably don’t have planets (though we’re not really sure).
Crash CourseAstronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Table of Contents
Open clusters contain...

published: 09 Oct 2015

LANIAKEA - Our Own Supercluster - Space Engine

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: https://goo.gl/fuEv5s
Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about one of the largest structures in the universe - our own Laniakea supercluster that we are a part of.
Enjoy the video!
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath

published: 10 Oct 2016

Could Galactic Walls Prove We're Wrong About The Universe?

Astronomers have just found the biggest galaxy wall yet. What is a cosmic great wall, and how do we find them?
Does This Discovery Prove There's Another Universe? ►►►►http://bit.ly/25uz6Cd
Sign Up For The TestTube Newsletter Here ►►►► http://bit.ly/1myXbFG
Read More:
Biggest Thing in Universe Found-Defies Scientific Theory
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/01/130111-quasar-biggest-thing-universe-science-space-evolution/
"Talk about a whopper-astronomers have discovered a structure in the universe so large that modern cosmological theory says it should not exist, a new study says. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, an international team of researchers has discovered a record-breaking cluster of quasars-young active galaxies-stretching four billion light-years...

published: 01 Apr 2016

The Cosmic Web, or: What does the universe look like at a VERY large scale?

The MillenniumSimulation featured in this clip was run in 2005 by the Virgo Consortium, an international group of astrophysicists from Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and the United States. A virtual cube of 2 billion light years on a side was "filled" with 10 billion "particles" whose evolution was computed using the physical laws expected to hold in the currently known cosmologies. The initial distribution of matter, that resembled the conditions present when the cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted (about 379,000 years after the universe began) was allowed to evolve, and the formation of galaxies and black holes in the simulation were recorded. After all the computing work was done (28 days, at a rate of 200 billion calculations per second) 20 million galaxies w...

published: 07 Nov 2010

Open Clusters positions in galactic coordinates

published: 23 Dec 2018

Galaxies, part 1: Crash Course Astronomy #38

The Milky Way is our neighborhood in the universe. It’s a galaxy and there are many others out there. Galaxies contain gas, dust, and billions of stars or more. They come in four main shapes: elliptical, spiral, peculiar, and irregular. Galaxies can collide, and grow in size by eating each other.
Crash CourseAstronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Table of ContentsMilky Way is a Galaxy (One of Many) 2:04
Galaxies Have Four MainShapes 3:18
Galaxies Can Collide 6:05
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
FollowPhil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumb...

published: 29 Oct 2015

OMEGA CENTAURI - Giant Star Cluster Or Dead Dwarf Galaxy?

Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about Omega Centauri.
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath
The video introduction made by Daniel Bates
His YouTube channel with more of his work is here: https://www.youtube.com/mroutrochannel
The new music theme made by BogdanBratisCheck out his work here: http://www.bratis.uk/

published: 26 May 2017

Why Alien Civilizations May Be Moving To Galaxy Clusters

You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow
Event Horizon's Website:
https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/
Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @JMGEventHorizon
https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon
https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/
In this clip from our first episode of John Michael Godier's Event Horizon. We discuss the possibility of Alien civilizations moving to Galaxy Clusters to make the best use of mass and energy and why making copies of ourselves may be the key to interstellar travel and colonization, with my first guest theoretical physicist Dr. Avi Loeb, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University.
The full feature length episode premieres Sept. 20.

Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exa...

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole on the evolution of the cluster core. In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys.

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole on the evolution of the cluster core. In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys.

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Vi...

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a ...

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Star Clusters: Crash Course Astronomy #35

Last week we covered multiple star systems, but what if we added thousands or even millions of stars to the mix? A star cluster. There are different kinds of cl...

Last week we covered multiple star systems, but what if we added thousands or even millions of stars to the mix? A star cluster. There are different kinds of clusters, though. Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of stars held together by gravity. They’re young, and evaporate over time, their stars let loose to roam space freely. Globular clusters, on the other hand, are larger, have hundreds of thousands of stars, and are more spherical. They’re very old, a significant fraction of the age of the Universe itself, and that means their stars have less heavy elements in them, are redder, and probably don’t have planets (though we’re not really sure).
Crash CourseAstronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Table of Contents
Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of young stars 00:29
Over time, open clusters evaporate 3:23
Globular clusters contain hundreds of thousands of old stars in spherical formation 5:50
Globular clusters have less heavy elements, thus probably do not have planets 6:43
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
FollowPhil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Magellanic gemstone in the southern sky [NGC 290] http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0603c/ [credit: European Space Agency & NASA]
Extreme star cluster bursts into life in new Hubble image http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0715a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
View of a Sun-like star within an open cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321d/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
Motion of stars in Omega Centauri http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1017a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Anderson and R. van der Marel (STScI)]
47 Tucanae: Probing Extreme Matter Through Observations of Neutron Stars http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2013/47tuc/ [credit: NASA/CXC/Michigan State/A.Steiner et al]
Hubble Refines Distance to PleiadesStarCluster http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/20/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and AURA/Caltech]
M45 Pleiades https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im1116.html [credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), RichardCool (University of Arizona) and WIYN]
From the Pleiades to the Hyades http://www.deepskycolors.com/archive/2011/11/06/from-the-Pleiades-to-the-Hyades.html [credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo]
Messier 035 AtlasImage https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Messier_035_2MASS.jpg [credit: Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation]
Globular cluster 47 Tucanae http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1510a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
The oldest cluster in its cloud http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1428a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
An unexpected population of young-looking stars http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1244a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
View of a globular cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321c/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
All that glitters http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1449a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]

Last week we covered multiple star systems, but what if we added thousands or even millions of stars to the mix? A star cluster. There are different kinds of clusters, though. Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of stars held together by gravity. They’re young, and evaporate over time, their stars let loose to roam space freely. Globular clusters, on the other hand, are larger, have hundreds of thousands of stars, and are more spherical. They’re very old, a significant fraction of the age of the Universe itself, and that means their stars have less heavy elements in them, are redder, and probably don’t have planets (though we’re not really sure).
Crash CourseAstronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Table of Contents
Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of young stars 00:29
Over time, open clusters evaporate 3:23
Globular clusters contain hundreds of thousands of old stars in spherical formation 5:50
Globular clusters have less heavy elements, thus probably do not have planets 6:43
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
FollowPhil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Magellanic gemstone in the southern sky [NGC 290] http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0603c/ [credit: European Space Agency & NASA]
Extreme star cluster bursts into life in new Hubble image http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0715a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
View of a Sun-like star within an open cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321d/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
Motion of stars in Omega Centauri http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1017a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Anderson and R. van der Marel (STScI)]
47 Tucanae: Probing Extreme Matter Through Observations of Neutron Stars http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2013/47tuc/ [credit: NASA/CXC/Michigan State/A.Steiner et al]
Hubble Refines Distance to PleiadesStarCluster http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/20/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and AURA/Caltech]
M45 Pleiades https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im1116.html [credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), RichardCool (University of Arizona) and WIYN]
From the Pleiades to the Hyades http://www.deepskycolors.com/archive/2011/11/06/from-the-Pleiades-to-the-Hyades.html [credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo]
Messier 035 AtlasImage https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Messier_035_2MASS.jpg [credit: Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation]
Globular cluster 47 Tucanae http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1510a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
The oldest cluster in its cloud http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1428a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
An unexpected population of young-looking stars http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1244a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
View of a globular cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321c/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
All that glitters http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1449a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]

LANIAKEA - Our Own Supercluster - Space Engine

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: https://goo.gl/fuEv5s
Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about one of the largest structu...

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: https://goo.gl/fuEv5s
Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about one of the largest structures in the universe - our own Laniakea supercluster that we are a part of.
Enjoy the video!
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: https://goo.gl/fuEv5s
Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about one of the largest structures in the universe - our own Laniakea supercluster that we are a part of.
Enjoy the video!
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath

Could Galactic Walls Prove We're Wrong About The Universe?

Astronomers have just found the biggest galaxy wall yet. What is a cosmic great wall, and how do we find them?
Does This Discovery Prove There's Another Unive...

Astronomers have just found the biggest galaxy wall yet. What is a cosmic great wall, and how do we find them?
Does This Discovery Prove There's Another Universe? ►►►►http://bit.ly/25uz6Cd
Sign Up For The TestTube Newsletter Here ►►►► http://bit.ly/1myXbFG
Read More:
Biggest Thing in Universe Found-Defies Scientific Theory
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/01/130111-quasar-biggest-thing-universe-science-space-evolution/
"Talk about a whopper-astronomers have discovered a structure in the universe so large that modern cosmological theory says it should not exist, a new study says. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, an international team of researchers has discovered a record-breaking cluster of quasars-young active galaxies-stretching four billion light-years across."
BOSS measures the universe to 1-percent accuracy
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2014/01/08/boss.measures.universe.1.percent.accuracy
"Today the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Collaboration announced that BOSS has measured the scale of the universe to an accuracy of one percent. This and future measures at this precision are the key to determining the nature of dark energy."
Discovery of a MassiveSuperclusterSystem at z ? 0.47
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.08498v1.pdf
"The large-scale structure of the Universe can be seen as the cosmic web of clusters and groups of galaxies connected by filaments, with under-dense voids between the over-dense regions. The largest over-dense, relatively isolated systems in the cosmic web are the superclusters of galaxies."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
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Discovery News http://discoverynews.com
Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

Astronomers have just found the biggest galaxy wall yet. What is a cosmic great wall, and how do we find them?
Does This Discovery Prove There's Another Universe? ►►►►http://bit.ly/25uz6Cd
Sign Up For The TestTube Newsletter Here ►►►► http://bit.ly/1myXbFG
Read More:
Biggest Thing in Universe Found-Defies Scientific Theory
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/01/130111-quasar-biggest-thing-universe-science-space-evolution/
"Talk about a whopper-astronomers have discovered a structure in the universe so large that modern cosmological theory says it should not exist, a new study says. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, an international team of researchers has discovered a record-breaking cluster of quasars-young active galaxies-stretching four billion light-years across."
BOSS measures the universe to 1-percent accuracy
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2014/01/08/boss.measures.universe.1.percent.accuracy
"Today the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Collaboration announced that BOSS has measured the scale of the universe to an accuracy of one percent. This and future measures at this precision are the key to determining the nature of dark energy."
Discovery of a MassiveSuperclusterSystem at z ? 0.47
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.08498v1.pdf
"The large-scale structure of the Universe can be seen as the cosmic web of clusters and groups of galaxies connected by filaments, with under-dense voids between the over-dense regions. The largest over-dense, relatively isolated systems in the cosmic web are the superclusters of galaxies."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
LissettePadilla on Twitter https://twitter.com/lizzette
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews
Discovery News http://discoverynews.com
Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

The MillenniumSimulation featured in this clip was run in 2005 by the Virgo Consortium, an international group of astrophysicists from Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and the United States. A virtual cube of 2 billion light years on a side was "filled" with 10 billion "particles" whose evolution was computed using the physical laws expected to hold in the currently known cosmologies. The initial distribution of matter, that resembled the conditions present when the cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted (about 379,000 years after the universe began) was allowed to evolve, and the formation of galaxies and black holes in the simulation were recorded. After all the computing work was done (28 days, at a rate of 200 billion calculations per second) 20 million galaxies were formed in the initial space. These galaxies and the dark matter around them formed web-like structures that resemble the shapes observed by the most recent data available in cosmic surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Also very importantly: the simulation provided support for our current "standard model" of cosmology, the so called: LambdaCold Dark MatterModel.
For more info, please check:
Mullennium I: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/virgo/millennium/
Mullennium II: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium-II/

The MillenniumSimulation featured in this clip was run in 2005 by the Virgo Consortium, an international group of astrophysicists from Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and the United States. A virtual cube of 2 billion light years on a side was "filled" with 10 billion "particles" whose evolution was computed using the physical laws expected to hold in the currently known cosmologies. The initial distribution of matter, that resembled the conditions present when the cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted (about 379,000 years after the universe began) was allowed to evolve, and the formation of galaxies and black holes in the simulation were recorded. After all the computing work was done (28 days, at a rate of 200 billion calculations per second) 20 million galaxies were formed in the initial space. These galaxies and the dark matter around them formed web-like structures that resemble the shapes observed by the most recent data available in cosmic surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Also very importantly: the simulation provided support for our current "standard model" of cosmology, the so called: LambdaCold Dark MatterModel.
For more info, please check:
Mullennium I: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/virgo/millennium/
Mullennium II: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium-II/

OMEGA CENTAURI - Giant Star Cluster Or Dead Dwarf Galaxy?

Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about Omega Centauri.
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and pleas...

Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about Omega Centauri.
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath
The video introduction made by Daniel Bates
His YouTube channel with more of his work is here: https://www.youtube.com/mroutrochannel
The new music theme made by BogdanBratisCheck out his work here: http://www.bratis.uk/

Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about Omega Centauri.
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath
The video introduction made by Daniel Bates
His YouTube channel with more of his work is here: https://www.youtube.com/mroutrochannel
The new music theme made by BogdanBratisCheck out his work here: http://www.bratis.uk/

Why Alien Civilizations May Be Moving To Galaxy Clusters

You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow
Event Horizon's Website:
https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/
Follow us on Twitter an...

You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow
Event Horizon's Website:
https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/
Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @JMGEventHorizon
https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon
https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/
In this clip from our first episode of John Michael Godier's Event Horizon. We discuss the possibility of Alien civilizations moving to Galaxy Clusters to make the best use of mass and energy and why making copies of ourselves may be the key to interstellar travel and colonization, with my first guest theoretical physicist Dr. Avi Loeb, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University.
The full feature length episode premieres Sept. 20.

You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow
Event Horizon's Website:
https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/
Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @JMGEventHorizon
https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon
https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/
In this clip from our first episode of John Michael Godier's Event Horizon. We discuss the possibility of Alien civilizations moving to Galaxy Clusters to make the best use of mass and energy and why making copies of ourselves may be the key to interstellar travel and colonization, with my first guest theoretical physicist Dr. Avi Loeb, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University.
The full feature length episode premieres Sept. 20.

Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

Galaxy Cluster Evolution over the Past 10 Billion Years

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole on the evolution of the cluster core. In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys.

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Star Clusters: Crash Course Astronomy #35

Last week we covered multiple star systems, but what if we added thousands or even millions of stars to the mix? A star cluster. There are different kinds of clusters, though. Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of stars held together by gravity. They’re young, and evaporate over time, their stars let loose to roam space freely. Globular clusters, on the other hand, are larger, have hundreds of thousands of stars, and are more spherical. They’re very old, a significant fraction of the age of the Universe itself, and that means their stars have less heavy elements in them, are redder, and probably don’t have planets (though we’re not really sure).
Crash CourseAstronomy Poster: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster
--
Table of Contents
Open clusters contain hundreds or thousands of young stars 00:29
Over time, open clusters evaporate 3:23
Globular clusters contain hundreds of thousands of old stars in spherical formation 5:50
Globular clusters have less heavy elements, thus probably do not have planets 6:43
--
PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
FollowPhil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Tumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
--
PHOTOS/VIDEOS
Magellanic gemstone in the southern sky [NGC 290] http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0603c/ [credit: European Space Agency & NASA]
Extreme star cluster bursts into life in new Hubble image http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0715a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
View of a Sun-like star within an open cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321d/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
Motion of stars in Omega Centauri http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1017a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, J. Anderson and R. van der Marel (STScI)]
47 Tucanae: Probing Extreme Matter Through Observations of Neutron Stars http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2013/47tuc/ [credit: NASA/CXC/Michigan State/A.Steiner et al]
Hubble Refines Distance to PleiadesStarCluster http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/20/image/a/ [credit: NASA, ESA and AURA/Caltech]
M45 Pleiades https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im1116.html [credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), RichardCool (University of Arizona) and WIYN]
From the Pleiades to the Hyades http://www.deepskycolors.com/archive/2011/11/06/from-the-Pleiades-to-the-Hyades.html [credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo]
Messier 035 AtlasImage https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Messier_035_2MASS.jpg [credit: Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation]
Globular cluster 47 Tucanae http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1510a/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration]
The oldest cluster in its cloud http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1428a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
An unexpected population of young-looking stars http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1244a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]
View of a globular cluster (artist’s impression) http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1321c/ [credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Kornmesser]
All that glitters http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1449a/ [credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA]

LANIAKEA - Our Own Supercluster - Space Engine

You can buy Universe Sandbox 2 game here: https://goo.gl/fuEv5s
Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about one of the largest structures in the universe - our own Laniakea supercluster that we are a part of.
Enjoy the video!
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath

Could Galactic Walls Prove We're Wrong About The Universe?

Astronomers have just found the biggest galaxy wall yet. What is a cosmic great wall, and how do we find them?
Does This Discovery Prove There's Another Universe? ►►►►http://bit.ly/25uz6Cd
Sign Up For The TestTube Newsletter Here ►►►► http://bit.ly/1myXbFG
Read More:
Biggest Thing in Universe Found-Defies Scientific Theory
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/01/130111-quasar-biggest-thing-universe-science-space-evolution/
"Talk about a whopper-astronomers have discovered a structure in the universe so large that modern cosmological theory says it should not exist, a new study says. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, an international team of researchers has discovered a record-breaking cluster of quasars-young active galaxies-stretching four billion light-years across."
BOSS measures the universe to 1-percent accuracy
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2014/01/08/boss.measures.universe.1.percent.accuracy
"Today the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Collaboration announced that BOSS has measured the scale of the universe to an accuracy of one percent. This and future measures at this precision are the key to determining the nature of dark energy."
Discovery of a MassiveSuperclusterSystem at z ? 0.47
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.08498v1.pdf
"The large-scale structure of the Universe can be seen as the cosmic web of clusters and groups of galaxies connected by filaments, with under-dense voids between the over-dense regions. The largest over-dense, relatively isolated systems in the cosmic web are the superclusters of galaxies."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
LissettePadilla on Twitter https://twitter.com/lizzette
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews
Discovery News http://discoverynews.com
Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

The Cosmic Web, or: What does the universe look like at a VERY large scale?

The MillenniumSimulation featured in this clip was run in 2005 by the Virgo Consortium, an international group of astrophysicists from Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan and the United States. A virtual cube of 2 billion light years on a side was "filled" with 10 billion "particles" whose evolution was computed using the physical laws expected to hold in the currently known cosmologies. The initial distribution of matter, that resembled the conditions present when the cosmic microwave background radiation was emitted (about 379,000 years after the universe began) was allowed to evolve, and the formation of galaxies and black holes in the simulation were recorded. After all the computing work was done (28 days, at a rate of 200 billion calculations per second) 20 million galaxies were formed in the initial space. These galaxies and the dark matter around them formed web-like structures that resemble the shapes observed by the most recent data available in cosmic surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Also very importantly: the simulation provided support for our current "standard model" of cosmology, the so called: LambdaCold Dark MatterModel.
For more info, please check:
Mullennium I: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/virgo/millennium/
Mullennium II: http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium-II/

OMEGA CENTAURI - Giant Star Cluster Or Dead Dwarf Galaxy?

Hello and welcome to What Da Math!
In this video, we will talk about Omega Centauri.
Patreon page:
https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2318196&ty=h
Enjoy and please subscribe.
Other videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9hNFus3sjE7jgrGJYkZeTpR7lnyVAk-x
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WhatDaMath
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whatdamath
Twitch: http://www.twitch.tv/whatdamath
The video introduction made by Daniel Bates
His YouTube channel with more of his work is here: https://www.youtube.com/mroutrochannel
The new music theme made by BogdanBratisCheck out his work here: http://www.bratis.uk/

Why Alien Civilizations May Be Moving To Galaxy Clusters

You can now support us on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/EventHorizonShow
Event Horizon's Website:
https://www.eventhorizonshow.com/
Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @JMGEventHorizon
https://twitter.com/jmgeventhorizon
https://www.instagram.com/jmgeventhorizon/
In this clip from our first episode of John Michael Godier's Event Horizon. We discuss the possibility of Alien civilizations moving to Galaxy Clusters to make the best use of mass and energy and why making copies of ourselves may be the key to interstellar travel and colonization, with my first guest theoretical physicist Dr. Avi Loeb, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University.
The full feature length episode premieres Sept. 20.

Galaxy cluster

A galaxy cluster or cluster of galaxies is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s when superclusters were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with star clusters such as open clusters, which are structures of stars within galaxies, as well as globular clusters, which typically orbit galaxies. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as groups of galaxies rather than clusters of galaxies. The groups and clusters can themselves cluster together to form superclusters.