As a student, she writes, “I became interested in the idea that not only could you ask animals what they wanted, to give them a choice, but you could actually ask them how much they wanted something.” These things are measurable: you can give pigeons seed or monkeys bananas and get some gauge of their desires. But what of their aspirations? Their dreams? (Yes, animals dream, though we know very little about that matter.) Read on to find what science has to say.

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Humans, one doctrine holds, are the only animal capable of language: all other animals have closed codes. Well, one code seems to have opened up. In South Korea, according to a recent article in the journal Current Biology (the sound files can be found here), an Asian elephant named Koshik has learned to vocalize, at least to the extent of forming five Korean words in his trunk. Those words are annyeong (hello), anja (sit down), aniyo (no), nuo (lie down), and choah (good). That’s not a lot of material to work with as far as voicing wants and desires is concerned, but it’s a start.

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My dogs have not yet learned how to form human words, but I’m convinced that they understand a great many of the ones I speak. Certainly they respond to “cookie,” though what happens in their ideation I could not say. How do dogs associate human words with the things they denote? That’s an elusive question, but an article in a recent number of PLoSOne suggests that the generalization is to shape more than any other quality. Cookie, presumably, thus inhabits the same semantic domain as compact disc, coaster, and Frisbee—though we need to investigate the thoughts of a Frisbee-playing-loving setter with a cookie jones to see whether finer distinctions have been formed.

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Dogs run free, quoth the poet Bob Dylan, so why can’t we? Frogs hop free, too, though a certain number of them find themselves temporarily embarrassed by being behind bars with their human keepers. Reports The New York Times, a Washington program called Sustainability in Prisons allows inmates to work with biological projects, including raising Oregon spotted frogs to reintroduce into the wild. The program has several virtues, not least of them providing useful work, as well as introducing prisoners to scientific thought; as the article notes, one former inmate is now finishing a doctorate in biology. The frogs also benefit, too, and that’s a very good thing.

"Service Animal" Scammers (New Yorker): An increasing number of your neighbors have been keeping company with their pets in human-only establishments simply by claiming that the creatures are their licensed companion animals and are necessary to their mental well-being.