• Gastrointestinal (GI) problems may be present in situations with sub-optimal fluid intake and CHO gel ingestion, especially when the composition of the gel is not aligned with promoting gastric emptying

• To deliver CHO to the small intestine it is suggested the osmolality of an energy gel should be close to that of the gastric content, i.e. isotonic

Study Aims and Location

• To provide data on which energy gels are truly isotonic

• This study was completed between The University of Aberdeen and Liverpool John Moores University

SiS (Science in Sport®) Limited is a leading sports nutrition company that develops, manufactures, and markets innovative sports supplements and nutrition products for use by professional athletes and sports enthusiasts. SiS (Science in Sport®) Limited (company number 2742833) was founded in 1992 and is a headquartered in London, EC1N. Our manufacturing facility is in Nelson, Lancashire, and all our products are thoroughly tested & certified through the Informed-Sport programme.