Dental problems may be due to uneven wear of teeth, or development of sharp points that can make chewing difficult. This can result in possible problems such as choke or intestinal obstructions. Preventative might be floating the teeth on a routine basis.

What are 2 Etiologies for Gastric Dilatation/Rupture

Primarily due to over-consumption of grain and water

Can be a secondary intestinal obstruction that causes reflux

What are the Clinical Signs of Gastric Dilatation/Rupture?

Abdominal pain

How do you diagnose Gastric Dilatation/Rupture?

Pass a nasogastric tube to identify presence of gas or fluids

What are 3 treatments for Gastric Dilatation/Rupture?

Decompress stomach using nasogastric tube

Surgical correction of intestinal obstruction

Fluid therapy to correct any dehydration/electrolyte imbalance.

List 7 parasite control medications and how they are administered.

1. Ivermectin - Liquid and Paste

2. Fenbendazole - Granules, Paste & Suspension

3. Oxibendazole - Paste

4. Dichlovos - Granules

5. Thiabendazole/Piperazine - Liquid

6. Pyrantel Pamoate - Paste or Liquid

7. Pyrantel Tartrate - Granules

What is the anti-parasite product that we used at Tomball?

Zimecterin (Ivermectin & Praziquantel) - paste

Equine Infectious Anemia destroys ________ and is spread through ______.

Red Blood Cells

Blood-to-blood contact

Where do you access the pulse for a horse?

Submandibular

Facial Artery

Where do you access the pulse for colic?

Palmer and planter digital arteries

What is the area of the horse between the stifle and the hock?

Gaskin

What is the area (interior of the horse) that is called the "true knee"?

+ Coggins: Euthanasia, Quarantine/Sanctuary or Donate to research. Quarantine animals must be branded on shoulder

What is the Etiology of Esophageal Obstruction/Choke?

Eating dry grains to quickly or

Alfalfa cubes can cause obstructions

What are 3 signs of Esophageal Obstruction/Choke?

Regurgitating food, water and saliva through the mouth

Anxious after eating and hold its neck straight and arched

Enlarged cervical esophagus

What are 2 complications of Esophageal Obstruction/Choke?

Complications: Aspiration pneumonia or Stricture or rupture of the esophagus.

What are 2 ways to diagnose Esophageal Obstruction/Choke?

Detection of cervical espohageal enlargement

Passage of nasogastric tube to confirm luminal obstruction.

What are 2 treatments for Esophageal Obstruction/Choke?

Pass nasogastric tube with warm water lavage - must be done under Xylazine sedation

Surgery if initial therapeutics are not successful. Radiological & endoscopic techniques are used at this point.

What 2 treatments for Esophageal Obstruction/Choke after the obstruction is removed

Feed small quantities of soft food - Episodes of choke can occur up to 40 days after injury even with soft diet.

Also give broad spectrum antibiotic to prevent aspiration pneumonia

What are 2 preventative measures for Esophageal Obstruction/Choke?

Place rocks in feed trough to slow down eating

Regular dental care

What is the Etiology of Cantharidin Toxicity?

Ingestion of dead blister beetles (Epicanta lemniscata) that are trapped in harvested alfalfa. Beetle contains the toxin cartharidin which is highly irritating to mucous membranes. Toxin is absorbed through the intestinal tract and excreted through the kidneys.

What are 6 signs of Cantharidin Toxicity?

a. Abdominal pain in varying degrees

b. Anorexia

c. Depression

d. Elevation in temperature, pulse and respiration.

e. Congested mucous membranes

f. Drinking small amounts of water frequently

How do you diagnose Cantharidin Toxicity?

a. No specific diagnostic test available

b. Blood results will show evidence of dehydration, renal compromise (elevation in BUN, urine is isosthenuric) and decreases in calcium and magnesium.

What is the treatment for Cantharidin Toxicity?

Fluids, control pain and evacuate toxin from the gastrointestinal tract.

What is the prevention for Cantharidin Toxicity?

Beetles show up in Texas usually after June. By wary of beetles if grasshoppers are in abundance since the beetle larvae feed on grasshopper eggs.

What is meconium?

Meconium is the first fecal material a newborn foal normally excretes soon after parturition. It consists of digested cellular debris and is brown to black in color and is quite hard

What is the etiology of Retained Meconium?

Results from impaction of fecal pellets in the rectum or colon.

What are the clinical signs of Retained Meconium?
How do you diagnose ?