Pulmonary Emphysema

Pulmonary emphysema, known as emphysema, is a chronic lung condition in which the air sacs (alveoli) may be collapsed, destroyed, narrowed, overinflated or stretched.

Overinflation of the air sacs is a result of breakdown of the alveoli walls. It causes breathlessness and a decrease in respiratory function. Damage to the air sacs is irreversible, resulting in permanent holes in the lower lung tissues.

Emphysema is part of a group of lung diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD causes airflow blockage and breathing problems. The two most common COPD conditions are chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

It is not possible to repair or regrow damaged lung tissue. The goal in treating emphysema is to help people live more comfortably, control symptoms, and prevent the disease from getting worse. A critical part of treatment is to stop smoking.

Quitting smoking

Pulmonary rehab program that may include breathing exercises, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal training

Antibiotics for bacterial infections

Avoiding the secondhand smoke and removing other air pollutants from the home or workplace

Bronchodilators, which can be oral or inhaled

Getting the flu and pneumococcal vaccines

Nutritional support in the event of malnutrition and weight loss

Other types of oral and inhaled medications to treat symptoms like coughing and wheezing

Oxygen therapy from portable containers

Surgery to remove the excessively damaged, overinflated areas of the lungs, restoring ability of the diaphragm and ribs to participate in breathing. This is known as lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS).

Lung transplant

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