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the Civil War. This archive serves as a valuable resource for those
wishing to develop a more in depth understanding of the important events
of the Civil War.

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(Previous
Page) God there are no free schools nor printing, and I hope we shall
not have these hundred years; for learning has brought disobedience and heresy
and sects into the world, and printing has divulged them and libels against the
best government: God keep us from both!"

What state of society is that in
which schools and railroads are nuisances? It appears from the Virginian papers
that these are "Yankeeizing" institutions. Yankeeizing is therefore another name
for introducing intelligence, skill, enterprise, and thrift. The great
Northwest, for instance. has been Yankeeized; and it is a tolerably flattering
specimen of the results of this process. This war is the Yankeeization of the
great South. It is to be shaken up, renewed, developed into full civilization
and the use and benefit of its magnificent resources. It is to be made to come
to itself, as in the parable the prodigal son, after eating husks and lying with
swine, "came to himself"—to his real powers and consciousness and conscience.
From a sot he became a man.

Yankeeization is but another and
awkward and spiteful word for civilization. And that is the inconceivable
benefit which Virginia and the other rebellious States are to derive from this
war. Poor Virginia has always labored under the terrible misfortune of its
original settlement by people who were called "gentlemen," and others defined in
the petition of the Virginia Company as "vagabonds and condemned men." It was a
sorry beginning; but let the poor State which, notwithstanding this drawback,
produced glorious men a century ago take heart. Despite the present and recent
crops of Masons, Letchers, Tylers, and Pryors, it shall be Yankeeized into
peace, prosperity, and an honorable regard for human rights.

THE
POSTAGE STAMP NUISANCE.

THE simplest way is usually the
shortest and best. When the Government found it necessary to issue paper change,
a plain shin-plaster was evidently the thing required. The unnecessary
complication of the postage stamp upon the bills justly provoked the question of
an intelligent foreigner: "Can the Yankee genius, in straits for a circulating
medium, devise nothing simpler than this?"

Whether postage stamps are
currency or not, is a question practically answered every moment. You get your
change in stamps, and you make your purchases with them. They are the meanest
and most inconvenient of all substitutes for coin; but the Government, of
course, has received what it considers good money for them. But now we are
informed that "soiled" stamps will not be received upon letters, and that
letters not posted with clean stamps will be sent to the Dead-Letter Office.

By what right does the Government
repudiate its promises? What is a postage stamp but a certificate of payment for
mail service to be performed by the Government? The Government has made that
contract with the nation, and it is a breach of trust to refuse to honor the
certificate. Undoubtedly the order is made in the hope of throwing the stamps
out of circulation as a medium. But whose fault is it that they have not already
dropped out? And how can the fact that they are used as a convenience for
exchange, or that they have become soiled, possibly affect the other fact that
the Government has received due value for them?

The whole business is a botch and
a disgrace. If a convenient medium had been immediately, or with reasonable
rapidity, furnished to the people, there would have been little trouble about
postage stamps.

DISCUSSION AND REBELLION.

IN his admirable speech at
Syracuse Mr. Tremain spoke one truth which ought to be thoroughly and
universally comprehended. "Will words—words indulged in as freely by the South
as the North—afford justification for untold murders and the rankest treason? If
not, how is the North the author of this mischief?"

This remark is in reply to
Mr. Seymour's accusation of the North as the
real author of the rebellion. "Who," asks Mr. Seymour, "stained our land with
blood? Who caused ruin and distress? All these things are within your own
knowledge. Are their authors the leaders to rescue us from our calamities? They
shrink back appalled from the mischief they have wrought, and tell you it is an
irrepressible conflict."

Freed from the rhetoric in which
the orator finds it convenient to wrap it, this statement is simply that the
rebellion is justified because slavery was discussed at the North. It is another
form of the remark, "The abolitionists are guilty of the war." Mr. Tremain's
reply is exactly to the point and conclusive. Words, the right of free speech,
of the amplest discussion of every question that affects the welfare of the
people, is the most sacred and precious of the rights of the people. Under the
Constitution of the United States, in the time of peace, there is no question
whatever that may not be debated with the most absolute freedom. It is the
Constitution of a republic, but it allows and protects the expression of a
preference for a monarchy or for a despotism. It is a Constitution of
compromises upon certain points; but its spirit solicits and its letter defends
the most radical discussion of the wisdom or the folly of those compromises.
There is no such thing as a free popular government without the most perfect
liberty of discussion; and the only spirit in this country which has ever
questioned it, which has ever practically denied it by mobs and Lynch law, is
the spirit of slavery, purely exceptional to our system and now seeking its
overthrow—a spirit which worked its will in the Free States of the country
through the agency of those who are the fastest friends of Mr. Seymour.

Under the Constitution of the
United States a man has the most absolute right, and has always had, to discuss
slavery in whatever terms he thought fit, just as he has to discuss school
systems, tariffs, forms of election, banks, laws of divorce, or any other
subject which interested him.

If he slanders any person, he is
amenable to the law of libel. If he decries and accuses the Government, or
charges the majority of his fellow-citizens with the guilt of a bloody civil
war, or stealthily suggests to them the most dishonorable and destructive
betrayal of the national integrity—as Mr. Seymour does in his speech—he is
amenable under the Constitution neither to mobs nor to courts but simply to
public opinion. Mr. Seymour charges the blood of the rebellion upon those at the
North who thought and said that slavery was wrong and impolitic. But which is
the graver offense, to say that and to hold in good faith to the Government and
Constitution, or to say what Mr. Seymour himself says? If he is justly protected
by the Constitution in saying at this time what he says in this speech, surely
he has little reason to complain of what
Mr. Seward (whose famous phrase he repeats) and
other orators said in honorable political debate in a time of perfect peace.

To charge upon the expression of
any opinion of public questions whatever the responsibility of a war is to flout
the Constitution, which guarantees full liberty of speech. And to the eternal
glory of the American people be it said, that while the advocates of slavery
were dubbed "national," and were patiently heard from Maine to Texas, there were
Americans who were resolved that Freedom should sometimes have a word at least
in the Free States. No, no, Mr. Seymour, slavery struck at discussion because it
knew that discussion was fatal to it. And when discussion, under the plain
guarantee of the Constitution, opened the eyes of the people to the encroaching
despotism which they were tolerating, slavery struck at the Government whose
control it had lost forever.

Great is the fall of slavery, Mr.
Seymour, but not more final and fatal than that of those who declare that the
exercise of any right under the Constitution justifies rebellion. In our popular
system what can not be discussed will not be tolerated; and discussion will
surely expose also what is not tolerable. Judge Tremain spoke most truly. Words
do not justify untold murders and the rankest treasons.

HUMORS OF THE DAY.

WHEN may a chair be said to
dislike you?—When it can't bear you.

A horse-dealer, in showing off a
spirited nag to a customer, received a kick in his ribs, and although smarting
under the pain, made up the best face he could, and exclaimed, "Pretty playful
creature!"

"Yes, Mrs. Johnson, my poor
husband died with the cholera, he did." "Ah! that was a pity, Mrs. Smith. But
then we must have got rid of the cholera; that is, according to your story."
"How can you make that out?" "You said, Mrs. Smith, that he died with the
cholera. Well, if he did, they must have both died together!"

A few days ago a gent in the
neighborhood of Cardiff went out with his dog and gun. The dog (a pointer) came
to "a point," when the "sporting gent" walking up, deliberately kicked the
sagacious animal, saying, "You lazy brute, are you knocked up already?"

A gentleman at a public
dinner-table lately asked the person next him if he would please to pass the
mustard. "Sir," said the man, "do you mistake me for a waiter?" "Oh no, Sir,"
was the reply; "I mistook you for a gentleman."

Francis I. being desirous to
raise one of the most learned men of the time to the highest dignities of the
Church, asked him if he was of noble descent. "Your Majesty," answered the
abbot, "there were three brothers in Noah's Ark, but I can not tell positively
from which of them I am descended."

"When I was quite a boy," says
Smith, "my father ordered a coat for me from an Israelite, and when the garment
came home it was large enough for two or three of my size. The perplexed Jew,
after vainly trying to gather up the fullness in the back with his hand, so that
the front might set tight, declared at length, boldly, the coat was 'goot,' it
was no fault 'of te coat, te coat fit coot enough, but te poy was too slim.' "

A man that catches his handsome
wife scolding her servants is apt to be reminded that the peacock, with all its
beauty, has the harshest voice in the world.

A juvenile sporter belonging to a
primary school, boasted to his play-fellow the other day that he would by-and-by
become the fortunate possessor of an important article of youthful aspiration.
"My father," said he, "has gone to the war, and if he gets killed I am going to
have his fish-line."

"I wants to schipp in the Lucilla,"
said a Dutchman to a clerk in a shipping-office. "Well," said the clerk, pen in
hand, "what's your name?" "It is Hans Vanas
Mananderdaunsevaneymendeym-iteheitenschupfeylds-msdteschupyortinromp!" said the
Dutchman, gravely. "Zounds!" cried the clerk; "do you know what it is in
English?" "Yaw, ich does," said the Dutchman; " it ish Von Smidt."

An organist of Bangor was very
peculiar as to the nature of his meals, and having gone to church one Sunday
without leaving his usual directions, the anxious wife sent her little boy for
instructions. When the boy reached the church, he found they had just commenced
the Te Deum, and fearing to wait until it was finished, he crept up to his
father and commenced singing in his ear, in the treble voice (sotto voce)

"Mother's got a hind-quarter of
lamb,

What shall she do with it?"

The organist was rather
astonished, but promptly replied, in base,

"Roast the loin and boil the leg,

And make a pudding of the suet."

With which message the young
genius instantly decamped.

PEBBLY BEACH PHILOSOPHY.—"Women,"
remarked the Contemplative Man, at Margate, "are deep as the blue waters of that
bay." "Ay, Sir," rejoined the Disappointed Man, "and as full of craft!"

"We frequently see it stated,"
said Mr. Oddfish, "that such and such men started from extreme poverty, coming
into town in the first place without a farthing of money, and rising by their
own exertions. When I first came I had to borrow money to get here, and I've
been borrowing money ever since. It is a great thing at sixty to have
established such a wonderful credit."

A DUTIFUL SON.—"How old are ye?"
said Major Kipling to a dwarfish young man. "Twenty." "I wonder you aren't right
down ashamed of being no bigger—you look like a boy of ten." "All comes of being
a dutiful child." "How so?" "When I was ten, father put his hand on my head, and
said, 'Stop there!' and he then ran away. I've never seen him since; and I
didn't think it right in me to go on growing without his leave."

Put a good face anon every thing,
unless you are so ugly that you can't.

The loss of the rebels in the two
battles, as near as can be ascertained from the number of their dead found upon
the field, and from other data, will not fall short of the following estimate:

Major Davis, Assistant
Inspector-General, who superintended the burial of the dead, reports about three
thousand rebels buried upon the field of Antietam by our troops.

Previous to this, however, the
rebels had buried many of their own dead upon the distant portion of the
battle-field, which they occupied after the battle—probably at least five
hundred.

The loss of the rebels at South
Mountain can not be ascertained with accuracy; but as our troops continually
drove them from the commencement of the action, and as a much greater number of
their dead were seen on the field than of our own, it is not unreasonable to
suppose that their loss was greater than ours. Estimating their killed at five
hundred, the total rebels killed in the two battles would be four thousand.
According to the ratio of our own killed and wounded, this would make their loss
in wounded eighteen thousand seven hundred and forty-two.

As nearly as can be determined at
this time, the number of prisoners taken by our troops in the two battles will,
at the lowest estimate, amount to 5000. The full returns will no doubt show a
larger number. Of these about 1200 are wounded.

This gives us a rebel loss in
killed, wounded, and prisoners of 25,542. It will be observed that this does not
include their stragglers, the number of whom is said by citizens here to be
large.

It may be safely concluded,
therefore, that the rebel army lost at least 30,000 of their best troops.

From the time our troops first
encountered the enemy in
Maryland, until he was driven back into
Virginia, we captured 13 guns, 7 caissons, 9 limbers, 2 field forges, 2 caisson
bodies, 39 colors, and 1 signal flag. We have not lost a single gun or a color.

On the
battlefield of Antietam 14,000 small-arms were
collected, besides the large number carried off by citizens and those
distributed on the ground to recruits and other unarmed men arriving immediately
after the battle.

At South Mountain no collection
of small-arms was made; but owing to the haste of the pursuit from that point,
400 were taken on the opposite side of the Potomac.

Major-General McClellan,
commanding, etc.: GENERAL,—Your report of yesterday, giving the results of the
battles of South Mountain and Antietam, has been received and submitted to the
President. They were not only hard-fought battles, but well-earned and decided
victories.

The valor and endurance of your
army in the several conflicts which terminated in the expulsion of the enemy
from the loyal State of Maryland, are creditable alike to the troops and to the
officers who commanded them.

A grateful country, while
mourning the lamented dead, will not be unmindful of the honors due to the
living.

H. W. HALLECK, General-in-Chief.

THE
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION IN SECESSIA.

The news of
President Lincoln's emancipation proclamation
has fallen like a fire-brand into rebeldom. In the rebel Senate, on the 29th ult.,
Mr. Semmes, of Louisiana, submitted a joint resolution on the proclamation, and
said, it was "a gross outrage on the rights of private property and an
invitation to servile war, and therefore should be held up to the execration of
mankind and counteracted by such severe retaliatory measures as, in the judgment
of the President, may be best calculated to secure its withdrawal or arrest its
execution." The subject stirred up the ire of the rebels; they gave vent to
their rage in severe bombast, threats of annihilation, black flags, etc., ad
infinitum. The
Richmond Dispatch thinks "that the proclamation
itself does not in the least alter the character of the war, as it has been an
abolition contest from the beginning: the Yankees have stolen and set free all
the negroes who were willing to go wherever their soldiers had possession of the
country." The Richmond Enquirer has a rabid editorial on the proclamation. It
says that document "ordaining servile insurrection, has not been for a moment
misunderstood North or South." It styles
President Lincoln "a savage" and a "fiend," and
"the very ignorance which drives him to his own destruction stimulates him to
the darkest excesses." It then compares the scenes to be enacted under the
proclamation with the Nat Turner massacre in 1831. The Enquirer says: "It is one
of the means which the most callous highwayman should shudder to employ." The
article closes: "The hellish new programme will, necessarily, destroy all terms
between us. The next campaign will be a tremendous one, both for the character
and magnitude of the hostility. Let our authorities prepare the whole strength
of our people for a tremendous shock."

MORE
RETALIATORY MEASURES.

On 1st October Mr. Semmes
introduced into the rebel Congress resolutions of a very savage retaliatory
nature, declaring that after the 1st of January, 1863, all officers and
non-commissioned officers found invading the Confederate States should be
treated as criminals, and put to hard labor until the end of the war, or the
repeal of the
Confiscation act. All such officers as may
command or train negroes or mulattoes for military service against the
Confederacy, or incite them to rebellion, shall suffer death. Other pains and
penalties are prescribed for different acts of our officers, and a war of
extermination, in which the rules of civilized warfare are to be ignored, is
proclaimed. These resolutions were read in the Senate, and not yet voted upon.

In the House the spirit evinced
was still more bitter, Mr. Lyons, of Virginia, introducing a resolution
exhorting the people of the Confederacy to kill every officer, soldier, and
sailor of the enemy found within their borders, unless a regular prisoner of
war; declaring that after the lst of January, 1863, no officer of the enemy
ought to be captured alive, or if recaptured should be immediately hung; and
offering a bounty of twenty dollars, and an annuity of twenty dollars for life,
to every
slave and
free negro who shall, after the 1st of January,
1863, kill one of the enemy. The Virginia Legislature resolved to grant immunity
to any person who may kill any parties found on the sacred soil, armed or
unarmed, aiding to carry out the "fiendish purposes" of the proclamation.

THE
PROCLAMATION IN NORTH CAROLINA.

The Union feeling in North
Carolina appears to be dominant. The President's emancipation proclamation has
been received there with great enthusiasm by the non-slaveholders. They are to
hold a great Union mass-meeting at Beaufort in honor of the event, in which all
the counties in the two neighboring Congressional districts are to be largely
represented. All the candidates for Congress in both districts are to be present
and address the people on the occasion.

THE
PRESIDENT'S VISIT TO GENERAL M'CLELLAN.

The President, accompanied by
General McClellan, had a grand review of the Army of the Upper Potomac on 3d
October. His reception and that of General McClellan was intensely enthusiastic.
The President commenced with
General Burnside's corps, and proceeded to
those of
Generals Porter, Reynolds, and
Franklin, and the division of General
Richardson, taking in the whole ground from the mouth of Antietam Creek to Bakersville.

The President returned to
Washington from his visit to the army on Saturday night, 4th, and immediately
had an

interview with
Mr. Stanton. The
enthusiastic reception of the President at
Frederick, and the loyalty displayed
by the Marylanders on the occasion, will have a most excellent effect upon the
prospects of the war.

ANOTHER BATTLE AT CORINTH.

The forces of
General Rosecrans
had a terrible battle with the rebels under
General Price, Van Dorn, and Lovell,
at Corinth, lasting from Saturday, 4th, until three o'clock P.M. on 5th. General
Price attacked our army with forty thousand men, but was gallantly met by
General Rosecrans, assisted by
General Grant, and, after two days' desperate
fighting, the rebels were repulsed with great slaughter, leaving their dead and
wounded behind, and were hotly pursued by the Union army. The loss on both sides
is said to be heavy. General Hackleman was killed at the head of his men. The
firing was distinctly heard at Bethel station, twenty miles from
Corinth, up to
three o'clock on 5th.

We took between 700 and 1000
prisoners. General Oglesby was dangerously wounded, and Colonels Smith, Gilbert,
and Mower slightly. General Rosecrans started on 5th after the enemy. Price was
said to be in the forks of the Hatchie River, between the armies of Generals
Rosecrans and Hulburt. The latter was endeavoring to cut him off.

THE OFFICIAL DISPATCHES.

FIRST DISPATCH.

GRANT'S HEAD-QUARTERS,

Yesterday the rebels, under
Price, Van Dorn, and Lovell, were repulsed from their attack on Corinth with
great slaughter. The enemy are in full retreat, leaving their dead and wounded
on the field. Rosecrans telegraphs that the loss is serious on our side,
particularly in officers, but bears no comparison with that of the enemy.
General Hackleman fell while gallantly leading his brigade. General Oglesby is
dangerously wounded.
General McPherson, with his command, reached Corinth
yesterday. General Rosecrans pursued the retreating enemy this morning, and
should they attempt to move toward Bolivar, will follow to that place. General
Hurlbut is at the Hatchie River with five or six thousand men, and is no doubt
with the pursuing column. From seven hundred to a thousand prisoners, besides
the wounded, are left in our hands.

SECOND DISPATCH.

GRANTS HEAD-QUARTERS,

JACKSON, TENNESSEE, October 5,
1862.

To Major-General H. W. Halleck,
General-in-Chief United States Army:

General Ord, who followed General
Hurlbut, met the enemy to-day on the south side of the Hatchie, as I understand
from a dispatch, and drove them across the stream and got possession of the
heights with our troops.

General Ord took two batteries
and about two hundred prisoners,

A large portion of General
Rosecrans's forces were at Chevalla.

At this distance every thing
looks most favorable, and I can not see how the enemy are to escape without
losing every thing but their small-arms.

I have strained every thing to
take into the fight an adequate force, and to get them to the right place.

U. S. GRANT, Major-General
Commanding.

THE SITUATION IN KENTUCKY.

On Friday, 3d, the rebels had a
force of nearly thirty-five thousand men within a circle of eight miles diameter
round Bardstown, while the advance of our army was within four miles of that
town. There had been considerable skirmishing with the rebels, who were driven
in, and six hundred prisoners taken. On Saturday, 4th, the rebels discovered
that they could not hold the place, and evacuated it at ten o'clock. General Van
Cleve entered Bardstown at six o'clock the same evening. Kirby Smith, with ten
thousand rebels, is reported at Frankfort. Bragg and Buckner are on their way to
Lexington. Bragg, swears that he will send every man who refuses to join his
army to the north of the Ohio. On 4th the rebels evacuated Frankfort, after
having inaugurated a Mr. Hawes governor. Our pickets are near Frankfort.

GENERAL MORGAN ON THE OHIO.

General Morgan has arrived at
Greenupsburg, Kentucky, on the Ohio River, fifteen miles above Portsmouth. He
evacuated
Cumberland Gap on the night of the 17th ult., with General Stevenson's
army three miles in his front, with Bragg and Marshall on his flanks, and Kirby
Smith in his rear. He kept on the defense during the march, the cavalry of
General Stevenson and the
guerrilla Morgan constantly harassing him. He marched
one day twenty-four consecutive hours, and on three successive days, driving
John Morgan's men from their suppers. For three days his force were on a limited
supply of water.

GENERAL BUELL'S COMMAND.

General Buell was temporarily
deprived of his command last week, and General Thomas appointed in his place.
General Buell was, however, almost immediately reinstated at the request of
General Thomas himself and all the Major-Generals in the Army of Ohio.

JOHN MORGAN DEFEATED.

The rebel guerrilla, John Morgan,
with 1000 men, made an attack upon the Carter County Home Guards, at Olive Hill,
on 3d, and after a fight of several hours was totally repulsed. The rebel chief
then retreated toward the Licking River, burning thirty-five houses on his way.
Next night Morgan returned to Olive Hill.

THE WESTERN GUN-BOAT FLEET
TRANSFERRED
TO THE NAVY.

The War Department has issued an
order transferring the Western gun-boat fleet to the Navy Department, and
returns thanks to all the officers of the Navy and Army, and to the civilians
who aided them, for their valor, skill, and patriotism exhibited in the service
on the Western rivers during the past campaign.

CIVIL LAW RE-ESTABLISHED IN NEW
ORLEANS.

The
New Orleans journals state
that the operation of civil law has been restored in that city; that the Sheriff
was to open six district courts in proper form, and the usual law proceedings
were to go on.

THE ADDRESS OF THE LOYAL
GOVERNORS.

The address to the President by
the Governors of the loyal States who assembled recently at Altoona has been
published. It is signed by twelve Governors, and pledges them to a cordial
support of the President in the prosecution of the war for the restoration of
the Union. They recommend that a reserve army of 100,000 men for one year's
service should be called forth. They indorse to
emancipation proclamation of
Mr.
Lincoln, and pay a full tribute to the valor of the army in the field.

FOREIGN NEWS.
ITALY.

IS GARIBALDI COMING HERE?

THE American Consul at Vienna
wrote to Garibaldi, asking, as he had failed in his patriotic efforts in Italy,
if he would other his valiant arm in the American struggle for liberty and
unity, promising him an enthusiastic reception. Garibaldi, under date of
September 14, replied: "I am a prisoner and dangerously wounded. It is
consequently impossible for me to dispose of myself. However, as soon as I am
restored to liberty, and my wounds are healed, I shall take the first favorable
opportunity to satisfy my desire to serve the great American republic, of which
I am a citizen, and which is now fighting for universal liberty." The above
correspondence appears in the Wonder, of Vienna. The London Times and Post have
already commenced to sneer at the idea of Garibaldi taking service under the
United States Government to fight the South, where "nine millions of people are
fighting for the right to govern themselves."

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