1.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie

2.
Cornell University
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Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and land-grant doctoral university located in Ithaca, New York. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornells motto, the university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of three private land grant universities in the nation and the one in New York. Of its seven colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York system, including its agricultural. Of Cornells graduate schools, only the college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension program in every county of New York. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens are considered. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race, the student body consists of more than 14,000 undergraduate and 7,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and more than 120 countries. Cornell University was founded on April 27,1865, the New York State Senate authorized the university as the land grant institution. Senator Ezra Cornell offered his farm in Ithaca, New York, as a site, fellow senator and experienced educator Andrew Dickson White agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the first two buildings and traveled to attract students and faculty, the university was inaugurated on October 7,1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day. Cornell developed as an innovative institution, applying its research to its own campus as well as to outreach efforts. For example, in 1883 it was one of the first university campuses to use electricity from a dynamo to light the grounds. Cornell has had active alumni since its earliest classes and it was one of the first universities to include alumni-elected representatives on its Board of Trustees. Today the university has more than 4,000 courses, since 2000, Cornell has been expanding its international programs. In 2004, the university opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and it has partnerships with institutions in India, Singapore, and the Peoples Republic of China. Former president Jeffrey S. Lehman described the university, with its international profile. On March 9,2004, Cornell and Stanford University laid the cornerstone for a new Bridging the Rift Center to be built, Cornells main campus is on East Hill in Ithaca, New York, overlooking the town and Cayuga Lake

3.
1909 College Football All-America Team
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The 1909 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1909 college football season. The only selector for the 1909 season who has recognized as official by the National Collegiate Athletic Association is Walter Camp. Many other sports writers and newspapers also selected All-America teams in 1909, the United Press and The Atlanta Constitution both published their own consensus All-America teams based on their aggregating the first-team picks of a number of selectors. A total of nine players from the 1909 Yale Bulldogs football team were selected as first-team All-Americans by at least one selector. The Yale players selected as All-Americans were Hamlin Andrus, Carroll Cooney, Ted Coy, William Goebel, Henry Hobbs, John Kilpatrick, Theodore Lilley, Walter S. Logan, the 1909 Yale team was undefeated and outscored its opponents 209 to 0. Only two players from schools outside of the Ivy League have been recognized as consensus first-team All-Americans and they are Albert Benbrook of Michigan and John McGovern of Minnesota. The only individual who has recognized as an official selector by the National Collegiate Athletic Association for the 1909 season is Walter Camp. Accordingly, the NCAAs official listing of Consensus All-America Selections mirrors Camps first-team picks, Camp 1909 All-America team was dominated by players from the East, with nine of his eleven picks coming from Ivy League schools, including six from his own alma mater, Yale. Camps All-Americans for 1909 included, Hamlin Andrus, Andrus was a guard for Yale. His father, John Emory Andrus, was a U. S, Benbrook played at the guard position for Michigan. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971 and he weighed over 200 pounds, was considered huge for his time, and was known as a dominating force due to his exceptional quickness. Cooney played at the position for Yale. He later ran a dance orchestra in the 1920s. Coy played at the fullback and halfback positions for Yale and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. In 2008, Sports Illustrated sought to answer the question, Who would have won the Heisman from 1900–1934 and its selection for 1909 was Coy who led an undefeated Yale team that outscored its opponents, 209–0. Fish played at the position for Harvard. He later served from 1920 to 1945 in the United States House of Representatives where he was an outspoken isolationist, anti-Communist and he gained notoriety again in 1911 when he eloped with the daughter of John Emory Andrus, who was reported to be the richest man in Congress. The secret wedding resulted in coverage in newspapers from Boston to Baltimore

4.
Fordham Rams football
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The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision and are members of the Patriot League. Fordhams first football team was fielded in 1881, the team plays its home games at the 7,000 seat Coffey Field in Bronx, New York. The Rams are coached by Andrew Breiner, who succeeded Joe Moorhead following the 2015 season after the latter was named offensive coordinator at Penn State, after several fairly successful decades of playing at a smaller scale, Fordham moved up to college footballs major level in the late 1920s. This included the hiring of Hall of Fame coach, Frank W. Cavanaugh, a beefed up schedule, from 1929 until the program went on hiatus in 1942, the Rams reeled off 14 straight winning seasons and often played in front of capacity or near capacity crowds. Rivals during this era included NYU, Saint Marys, Pittsburgh, Purdue, North Carolina, after the 1935 season UPI conducted the first ever national poll. Fordham finished with a Top-20 ranking and followed that with six straight additional Top-20 finishes from 1936-1941, only Duke also finished in the Top-20 in each of those first seven years of post-season polls. Fordhams best finish came in their undefeated 1937 season where they ended the season ranked 3rd in the country, memorable victories during this era began with one over Boston College in 1929, ending the Eagles 17 game unbeaten streak, still a school record. From there Fordham defeated NYU in 1930 in front of 78,5000 Yankee Stadium spectators for a contest that saw both teams step onto the gridiron undefeated. Other wins came against Detroit in 1931, St. Marys in 1932 and that result cost the Violets a shot at the Rose Bowl. NYU returned the favor the next season by upsetting the Rams. Further conquests included North Carolina in 1937, South Carolina in 1938, the Pitt rivalry began in 1935 when the teams settled for a scoreless tie. The squads exchanged goose eggs in 1936 and 1937 as well in what was dubbed the Much Ado About Nothing to Nothing series. After 13 straight scoreless quarters Pitt broke the drought with a second field goal in their 1938 encounter, won by the Panthers. After some revenge for Fordham in 1939, the Rams again beat Pitt in 1940, two blocked extra points where the difference in their 13-12 loss to Texas A&M, then the defending National Champions. A win over TCU in 1941 set up a Sugar Bowl date against Missouri, played in a monsoon setting, a first quarter blocked punt through the end zone gave the Rams a 2-0 lead that held until the games waning moments. The Tigers missed a last minute field goal and Fordham won by the lowest football score possible, back at the Polo Grounds Fordham again beat Missouri, 20-12, in their 1942 rematch. Still, the season as a whole was only mediocre as Fordham finished 5-3-1 and for the first time ever, the era subsequently came to a close as football was suspended for the remainder of World War II. Prior to that the Rams had gone a combined 88-20-12 for a.787 win percentage during their 1929-1942 glory years, over that same period of time only Alabama had a higher winning percentage in all of college football

5.
Harvard Stadium
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Harvard Stadium is a U-shaped football stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, in the United States. Built in 1903, it was an execution of reinforced concrete in the construction of large structures. Because of its importance in these areas, and its influence on the design of later stadiums. The Stadium is owned and operated by Harvard University and is home to the Harvard Crimson football program and it was also home for the New England Patriots in the 1970 season, their first after the AFL–NFL merger, before the completion of Foxboro Stadium. The stadium seated up to 57,166 in the past and they were torn down after the 1951 season due to deterioration and reduced attendance. Afterwards, there were smaller temporary steel bleachers across the end of the stadium until the building of the Murr Center in 1998. The structure, similar in shape to the Panathenaic Stadium, was completed in just 4½ months costing $310,000, much of the funds raised came from a 25th Reunion gift by Harvards Class of 1879. It is the home of the team of Harvard. The stadium also hosted the Crimson track and field teams until 1984 and was the home of the Boston Patriots during the 1970 season, lewis Jerome Johnson, Prof. Civil Engineering, Harvard University, was a consultant to the design team for the Harvard Stadium. It is historically significant that this represents the first vertical concrete structure to employ reinforced structural concrete. Prior to the erection of the stadium in 1902, reinforced concrete was used in horizontal. Prof. Johnson was the engineer of note responsible for incorporating the concept into the structure of the stadium design. There is a plaque dedicating the stadium to his honor on the east end wall outside the stadium, in 2006, Harvard installed both FieldTurf and lights. On September 22,2007, Harvard played its first night game at the stadium, against Brown University, in the early 20th century, American football was an extremely violent sport. 18 players died and 159 were seriously injured in 1905 alone, there was a widespread movement to outlaw the game entirely but U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt intervened and demanded that the rules of the game be reformed. In 1906, Roosevelt met with representatives from 62 colleges and universities and formed the Intercollegiate Football Conference, the purpose of the committee was to develop a uniform set of rules and regulations to make the game safer. A leading proposal, at the time, was widening the field to allow more running room, while it was very popular among committee members, Harvard objected. Their recently completed stadium could not accommodate a larger field, because of the permanent nature of Harvard Stadium, the proposal was rejected and the forward pass was legalized in April,1906

6.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and is a part of the Boston metropolitan area. According to the 2010 Census, the population was 105,162. As of July 2014, it was the fifth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, Worcester, Springfield, Cambridge was one of the two seats of Middlesex County prior to the abolition of county government in 1997, Lowell was the other. The site for what would become Cambridge was chosen in December 1630, because it was located safely upriver from Boston Harbor, Thomas Dudley, his daughter Anne Bradstreet, and her husband Simon, were among the first settlers of the town. The first houses were built in the spring of 1631, the settlement was initially referred to as the newe towne. Official Massachusetts records show the name capitalized as Newe Towne by 1632, the original village site is in the heart of todays Harvard Square. In the late 19th century, various schemes for annexing Cambridge itself to the city of Boston were pursued and rejected, in 1636, the Newe College was founded by the colony to train ministers. Newe Towne was chosen for the site of the college by the Great and General Court primarily—according to Cotton Mather—to be near the popular, in May 1638 the name of the settlement was changed to Cambridge in honor of the university in Cambridge, England. Hooker and Shepard, Newtownes ministers, and the colleges first president, major benefactor, in 1629, Winthrop had led the signing of the founding document of the city of Boston, which was known as the Cambridge Agreement, after the university. It was Governor Thomas Dudley who, in 1650, signed the charter creating the corporation which still governs Harvard College, Cambridge grew slowly as an agricultural village eight miles by road from Boston, the capital of the colony. By the American Revolution, most residents lived near the Common and Harvard College, with farms and estates comprising most of the town. Coming up from Virginia, George Washington took command of the volunteer American soldiers camped on Cambridge Common on July 3,1775, most of the Tory estates were confiscated after the Revolution. On January 24,1776, Henry Knox arrived with artillery captured from Fort Ticonderoga, a second bridge, the Canal Bridge, opened in 1809 alongside the new Middlesex Canal. The new bridges and roads made what were formerly estates and marshland into prime industrial and residential districts, in the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution when it gave the country a new identity through poetry and literature. Cambridge was home to some of the famous Fireside Poets—so called because their poems would often be read aloud by families in front of their evening fires, the Fireside Poets—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes—were highly popular and influential in their day. Cambridge was incorporated as a city in 1846, the citys commercial center began to shift from Harvard Square to Central Square, which became the downtown of the city around this time. The coming of the railroad to North Cambridge and Northwest Cambridge then led to three changes in the city, the development of massive brickyards and brickworks between Massachusetts Ave. For many decades, the citys largest employer was the New England Glass Company, by the middle of the 19th century it was the largest and most modern glassworks in the world

7.
Franklin Field
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Franklin Field is the home of the Penn Relays, and is the University of Pennsylvanias stadium for football, lacrosse and formerly for soccer, field hockey and baseball. It is also used by Penn students for recreation, and for intramural and club sports, including football and cricket. It is located in Philadelphia, at the edge of Penns campus. It was formerly the field of the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League. Franklin Field was built for $100,000 and dedicated on April 20,1895, deemed by the NCAA as the oldest stadium still operating for football, it was the site of the nations first scoreboard in 1895. Its location was given as 37th and Spruce. Permanent Franklin Field construction did not begin until after the turn of the century, weightman Hall gymnasium, the stadium, and permanent grandstands were designed by architect Frank Miles Day & Brother and were erected from 1903 to 1905 at a cost of $500,000. The field was 714 feet long and 443 feet wide, the site featured a ¼-mile track, a football field, and a baseball diamond. Beneath the stands were indoor tracks and indoor training facilities, plans called for a new train station called Union Station which would feature a Pennsylvania Railroad stop and a stop on a proposed elevated subway line connected to the Market–Frankford Line. Architecture firm Koronski & Cameron created a rendering but plans quickly collapsed, five years later, it was decided instead to expand Franklin Field. The current stadium structure was built in the 1920s, designed by Day & Klauder, after the wooden bleachers were torn down. The lower tier was erected in 1922, the old wood stands were razed immediately following the Penn Relays and the new concrete lower tier and seating for 50,000 were built. The second tier was added in 1925, again designed by Day & Klauder, the first football radio broadcast originated from Franklin Field in 1922. It was carried by Philadelphia station WIP and this claim is pre-empted by an earlier live radio broadcast emanating from Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, on October 8,1921, a full year before Franklin Fields claim to fame. Harold W. Arlin announced the live broadcast of the Pitt-West Virginia football game on October 8,1921, the first commercial football television broadcast in 1939 also came from Franklin Field. In the universitys football heyday — when Penn led the nation in attendance — the 65, today, Franklin Field, named after Penns founder, Benjamin Franklin, seats 52,958. Franklin Field switched from grass to AstroTurf in 1969 and it was the first National Football League stadium to use artificial turf. The stadiums fifth AstroTurf surface was installed in 1993, the current Sprinturf field replaced the AstroTurf in 2004

8.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland

9.
Schoellkopf Field
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Schoellkopf Field is a 25, 597-capacity stadium at Cornell Universitys Ithaca campus that opened in 1915 and is used for the Cornell Big Red football, sprint football and lacrosse teams. The building was completed in 1913, during May of every year, weather permitting, Schoellkopf is the site of the commencement ceremony for Cornells Ithaca campus. Schoellkopf Field hosted the Division I NCAA Mens Lacrosse Championship in 1980, schoellkopfs original capacity when it was completed was about 9,000, but it has been expanded and changed many times over the years. In 1924, the newly completed Crescent replaced the original stands on the east side of the field, in 1947, the stadiums capacity was again increased, this time to a capacity of 25,597, with permanent steel fixtures to the west of the field. The west stands were torn down in March 2016 after falling into disrepair, in 1971, the surface of the field was converted to Polyturf, an artificial turf. The field has had its turf replaced by a type of turf in 1979,1988,1999. The press box above and behind the west stands was built in 1986, during the summer of 2005, renovations on deteriorating concrete forced the university to close the Crescent, but it reopened in time for the fall football season. The renovated Memorial Hall at the end of the field opened in 2006, containing improved locker rooms. Over the summer of 2008, Cornell replaced the turf with a FieldTurf pitch. NCAA Stadiums, Schoellkopf Field Summary at Ivy League official site

10.
Cornell Big Red football
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It is one of the oldest and most storied football programs in the nation. The team has attained five national championships and has had seven players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, in 1869, the first intramural football on the Cornell campus took place, although it did not resemble the modern sport and there were 40 players per side. In 1874, the university president and founder, Andrew Dickson White, disallowed a team of Cornell students from traveling to Cleveland, White said, I refuse to let 40 of our boys travel 400 miles merely to agitate a bag of wind. On November 12,1887, Cornell played its first intercollegiate game against Union College, the following year, the Cornellians record their first win by beating Palmyra, 26–0, and went on to finish the season with a 4–2 record. In 1889, Cornell played the University of Michigan in Buffalo, NY, in 1892, Glenn Pop Warner first played the game and the Cornellians finished the season having posted a 10–1 mark under Father of Cornell football Carl Johanson. Two years later Warner rose to become the team captain, after college, Warner began his coaching career and returned to Cornell in 1897. That year, he led the team to a 5–3–1 record, the following season, Cornell compiled a 10–2 record. Warner then moved on to coach the Carlisle Indians football team, in 1901, under first-year coach Ray Starbuck, the Cornellians outscored their opponents 324–38 and won 11 games for the only time in school history. Pop Warner returned as coach from 1904 to 1906, during which time his teams posted a 21–8 record. Cornell began playing Ivy League rival Penn in 1893 and they have played 122 times since, in every year except 1918, making this game the 5th most played college football contest in the nation. In 1915, Cornell won all nine of its games and they handed Harvard their first loss in 50 consecutive games, 10–0. Gil Dobie took over as coach in 1920. In his first season, the Cornellians posted a 6–2 record, Cornell was awarded the national championship for each of those three seasons by at least one selector. In those seasons, Cornell outscored its opponents,1,051 points to 71, Cornell defeated Penn State, 21–6, in 1938 to begin a school record unbeaten streak of 16 games. The Big Red compiled an 8–0 record in 1939 for its national championship. The possibility of a Rose Bowl invitation that season was rebuffed by the university administration, the unbeaten streak came to an end in 1940 with the infamous Fifth Down Game. After the game, Cornell voluntarily forfeited to Dartmouth when review of film showed the Big Red had inadvertently used five downs, the ESPN College Football Encyclopedia named the game, and Cornells honorable concession, the second greatest moment in college football history. In 1951, Cornell beat defending Big Ten and Rose Bowl champion Michigan, between 1969 and 1971, running back Ed Marinaro broke numerous NCAA records with a career total of 1,881 yards and 24 touchdowns

11.
Touchdown (mascot)
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Touchdown, or the Big Red Bear, is the unofficial mascot of Cornell University. The first mascot was a black bear introduced in 1915 by the Cornell University Athletic Association, three more live bears over the course of approximately two decades also made appearances at Cornell until the live bear was replaced by costumed students some years later. Touchdown appears on the logo for Cornell Athletics, the first mascot at Cornell was a black bear that the Cornell University Athletic Association acquired in the fall of 1915. The CUAA spent twenty-five dollars, excluding shipping costs, raised by the revenue from ticket sales to purchase the bear. The bear was purchased after the manager of the team received a letter from an animal trainer in Old Town. This year also marked the first year Cornell football went undefeated, Touchdown appeared at all of the games played by the Cornell football team that year. At the games, Touchdown was tethered to a stepladder so that he could climb on the sideline of the field. He also climbed a goal post before each game, which became a tradition for the fans. At the Harvard game of 1915, Touchdown traveled with the team to Cambridge, the night before the game, Touchdown was sleeping in a cage in the lobby of the Lenox Hotel, per request of the manager of the hotel. At four oclock in the morning of the game, several Harvard students stole Touchdown by posing as caretakers of the bear giving Touchdown a routine morning walk, Touchdown was found later that morning by Cornells trainer who heard cries coming from Harvards baseball cage. The janitor was reprimanded by being locked in an office, later that day at the game, the Cornell football team defeated the Crimson, ending Harvards thirty-game winning streak in football. The next week, the team took a trip to Atlantic City before the big Thanksgiving game against the University of Pennsylvania. At this point in the season, Touchdown had begun go into hibernation and was less vivacious than he was earlier in the season. When Touchdown was woken to pose for pictures with the team on a boardwalk at Atlantic City. After running wild in a shop, Touchdown escaped down a pier. Two football players, Booty Hunkin and Walt Lalley, used a raft with no paddles to rescue Touchdown who was unable to swim. Touchdown walked back to the hotel alone, Touchdown was deeper into the beginning stages of hibernation at the Thanksgiving Day football game. UPenn had brought either a coyote or a husky to the game, when Penns mascot came close enough, Touchdown smacked it across the face and knocked it out

1852 Map of Boston area showing Cambridge and regional rail lines and highlighting the course of the Middlesex Canal. Cambridge is toward the bottom of the map and outlined in yellow, and should not be confused with the pink-outlined and partially cropped "West Cambridge", now Arlington.