6 Coenzyme A chemical structure the SH (thiol group of the mercaptoethylamine moiety form a thioester with acetate in acetyl CoA

7 Oxidation decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-coa by pyruvate dehydrogenase E 1 Catalyzes first the decarboxylation 0f pyruvate producing hydroxyethyl-tpp, then the oxidation of the hydroxyethyl group to an acetyl group. E 2 Catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group to coenzyme A forming acetyl-coa. E 3 Catalyzes the regeneration of disulfide (oxidized) form of lipoate electrons pass to FAD then to NAD.

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10 1) Formation of citrate The first step of cycle. Condensation of acetyl-coa with oxaloacetate to form citrate, catalyzed citrate synthase. Note 2C + 4C 6C with 3 carboxyl group COO -

11 2) Formation of isocitrate via cis-aconitate Dehydration and hydration step. Aconitase catalyzes reversible transformation of citrate to isocitrate. Cis-Aconitate is intermediate which does not dissociate from active site. Aconitase can promote the reversible addition of H 2 O to double bond in cis-aconitate lead to isocitrate.

12 3) Oxidation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate and CO 2 Oxidation decarboxylation step. Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes irreversible oxidation decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. There are 2 form of Isocitrate dehydrogenase, one requiring NAD + as electron acceptor and other requiring NADP +. NADPH may be generated which essential for reductive anabolic reaction.

13 4) Oxidation of α ketoglutarate to succinyl-coa and CO 2 Oxidation decarboxylation step. α-ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl-coa and CO 2 by the action of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. NAD + serves as electron acceptor. CoA serves as carrier of the succinyl group. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase resembles the pyruvate dehydrogenase in both structure and function.

OpenStax-CNX module: m44433 1 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the

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