Research paper topics, free example research papers

Modern Philosophy - 406 words
Modern Philosophy 1. The modern world is
considered to be the time from the Renaisance
(late 15th to 16th century) to the end of the 19th
century. Many changes took place during these
times. We first see a change in the Division of
Philosophy. We see the Medieval Theopocentric
views change to an anthropocentric view and
monotheism to humanism. Much focus was now placed
on humans. We looked to ourselves as the root
source of all the values that are important to us.
The knowledge that the human gathers is very
powerful. With this view and new knowledge we see
that people have natural rights. We no longer
believe that order is established by birth. We
begin to see a demand for Parlimentary gove ...
Related: modern period, modern philosophy, modern world, philosophy, local government

Subject: Critical Modern Philosophy - 941 words
Subject: Critical Modern Philosophy "What are the
main features and functions of the Superego
according Freud?" Words: 1000 Name: Samuel
Johnstone Student Number: 99189860 Tutor: Dr Paul
Alberts. Tutorial Time: Wednesday 12-1:30. What is
the Superego? According to Anne Neimark " Sigmund
called the third area of the mind the Superego.
Like a judge in a court trial, the superego
announced its verdicts or decrees." (Neimark A,
1976, page 96) The superego is part of a trio that
controls our urges and desires. The id being the
urge at it raw form, the ego filtering the urge,
and the superego is the decider of whether or not
the urge can be satisfied immediately or must be
saved until later. The s ...
Related: critical, modern philosophy, philosophy, bibliography references, morally acceptable

Beyond The Problem Of Evil - 3,996 words
Beyond The Problem Of Evil evil Beyond the Problem
of Evil Introduction: The problem of evil is, in
my opinion, the best point of departure for a
fruitful dialogue between Christianity,
traditionally conceived, and those strands of
modern philosophy which have been
perceived--indeed, have sometimes perceived
themselves--as a threat to that tradition. As
such, I will attempt first, to outline the problem
of evil in the starkest terms possible, presenting
Augustine's approach to its solution followed by a
critical analysis; second, to present an
alternative approach to the questions which give
rise to the problem--an approach derived in large
part from Spinoza and Nietzsche; and, third, to
sho ...
Related: good and evil, falls short, human experience, free choice, referring

Beyond The Problem Of Evil - 3,962 words
... is caught in his illusion of volition . . .
[This illusion], his assumption that free will
exists, is also part of the calculable mechanism (
106). When a misfortune strikes, we can overcome
it either by removing its cause or else by
changing the effect it has on our feelings . . .(
108). There are elements in each of these
texts--e.g., the denial of free will, the
rejection of the idea retributive justice, and the
recognition of possibility of overcoming our
emotional reactions rather than our external
environment--which resonate with the sympathetic
reader of Spinoza. And while, in later years,
Nietzsche loses some of his positivistic fervor,
we shall see that significant similarities ...
Related: good and evil, spoke zarathustra, heavenly father, c. s. lewis, attain

Descartes - 1,785 words
Descartes Ren Descartes is often referred to as
the father of modern philosophy. Although some
controversy exist over the appropriateness of such
a label one can hardly dispute the fact that his
approach to philosophy was dramatically different
than many of his contemporaries. Descartes grew
tired of how dogmatically the ideologies of past
philosophers were presented and how dissimilar and
unsystematic each was. Breaking free of the custom
of merely reworking prior philosophical doctrines
Descartes took a fresh approach to discovering
knowledge, truth, and understanding. He
disregarded the classic texts in favor of what he
called "the great book of the world." In his
travels though he found ...
Related: descartes, descartes meditations, first philosophy, public sector, grave

Descartes On First Philosophy - 717 words
Descartes On First Philosophy Rene Descartes
Meditations in the First Philosophy is a skeptics
speculation on certain inalienable truths.
Descartes meditations are based on the
epistemological theory of rationalism: that is if
someone truly knows something then they could not
possibly be mistaken. He provides solid arguments
for what his six meditations stand for, and how he
obtained a clear and distinct perception of
"innate" ideas. In Meditations he comes to terms
with three certainties: the existence of the mind
as the thing that thinks, the body as an
extension, and God as the supreme being. He
attests that he came to these conclusions by
doubting all that had been taught to him in his f ...
Related: descartes, descartes meditations, first philosophy, modern philosophy, philosophy, rene descartes

Faa Human Resource - 495 words
Faa Human Resource HAMPTON UNIVERSITY HAMPTON,
VIRGINIA HUMANITIES PROGRAM Exploring Realism, and
Romanticism A SHORT PAPER PRESENTED TO MR. OMPOFO
& MR. LYONS FOR HUMANITIES 202-05 ENDURING HUMAN
VALUES AND CULTURAL CONNECTIONS April 15, 2000
Realism and Romanticism Romanticism dominated the
art and culture of the West until almost the last
decade of the nineteenth century. The Realist
point of view began to form as early as the
1850's. As a start, realism called for an
objective and unidealized assessment of everyday
life. The word realism is often used in both
philosophy and the arts, though in each field the
meaning is quite different. In philosophy realism
had a different meaning in the ...
Related: human history, human values, resource, ancient world, modern philosophy

How Does Descartes Try To Extricate Himself From The Sceptical Doubts That He Has Raised Does He Succeed - 2,342 words
... llows: "If a conviction is so firm that that
it is impossible for us ever to have any reason
for doubting what we are convinced of, then there
are no further questions for us to ask; we have
everything we could reasonably want." Under my
interpretation, this is what it is about the
cogito that makes it so important for Descartes,
so we cannot have any argument with the principle
expressed by him in the above passage. But can it
help break the circle? When we clearly and
distinctly perceive something, Descartes says,
fairly I think, that this perception compels our
assent, that we cannot but believe it. God's rle
in the system, to these commentators, is as a
guarantor of our memory regard ...
Related: descartes, succeed, make sense, western philosophy, grant

John Locke - 789 words
John Locke John Locke, born on Aug. 29, 1632, in
Somerset, England, was an English philosopher and
political theorist. Locke was educated at Christ
Church, Oxford, where he followed the traditional
classical curriculum and then turned to the study
of medicine and science, receiving a medical
degree, but his interest in philosophy was
reawakened by the study of Descartes. He then
joined the household of Anthony Ashley Cooper,
later the earl of Shaftesbury, as a personal
physician at first, becoming a close friend and
advisor. Shaftesbury secured for Locke a series of
minor government appointments. In 1669, in one of
his official capacities, Locke wrote a
constitution for the proprietors of th ...
Related: john locke, locke, north america, charles ii, oxford

Kant - 1,618 words
Kant How does one label Kant as a philosopher? Is
he a rationalist or an empiricist? Kant makes a
distinction between appearances and things in
themselves. He also says that things in themselves
exist, and that we have no knowledge of things in
themselves. This could be labeled CLOSE TO
NONSENSE, but we know Kant better than that. No
matter how many laps on the track of metaphysics
Kant takes us through, he is still widely held as
one of the greatest modern philosophers of our
time. Let us explore the schools of rationalism
and empiricism and compare his views with that of
other rationalists and empiricists (mainly Hume),
and see where he ends up on the finish line
towards the nature of huma ...
Related: kant, finish line, innate ideas, primary sources, ideology

Robin Yamaguchi - 1,581 words
Robin Yamaguchi Math 13 March 21, 1999 Rene
Descartes In the recent hit movie The Net, the
character played by Sandra Bullock has her
identity erased. Everyone doubted her existence.
This was not, however, the first time someone's
existence was questioned. In the early 17th
century a philosopher, who is named Descartes,
questioned his own existence. His life was
dedicated to the founding of a philosophical and
mathematical system in which all sciences were
coherent. Descartes was born in 1596 in Touraine,
France. His education consisted of attendance to a
Jesuit school of La Fleche. He studied a liberal
arts program which emphasized philosophy, the
humanities, science, and math. He then went ...
Related: robin, rene descartes, coordinate system, evolutionary theory, axis

Sartres Existentialism - 1,654 words
Sartre`s Existentialism The word philosophy comes
from Greek and literally means "love of wisdom."
The Merriam- Webster dictionary defines philosophy
as "a critical study of fundamental beliefs and
the grounds for them." Because of the diversity of
positions associated with existentialism, the term
is impossible to define precisely. However,
existentialism is a philosophical movement of the
19th and 20th century that centers on the analysis
of individual existence and the given situation of
the individual who must assume complete
responsibility for his acts of free will without
any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or
good or bad. Existentialism was started in the
late 19th century ...
Related: existentialism, jean paul sartre, jean-paul sartre, paul sartre, human nature

Sartres Existentialism - 1,260 words
Sartre`s Existentialism Jean-Paul Sartre . . . the
name is one of the most popular in modern
philosophy. But who was he? What did he write and
what were his works about? What was his role with
regard to Existentialism? What is Existentialism,
really? What life influences affected the person
as whom he became famous? How would Sartre assess
various social topics that we face today? What are
the problems with Sartre's view of Existentialism
and existence in general? These are the questions
addressed in the following pages of this brief
dissertation. His life Upon reviewing several
sources, it is apparent that Sartre was a very
disorganized and inconsistent individual. Sartre
was obsessed with ...
Related: existentialism, jean paul sartre, jean-paul sartre, paul sartre, world war ii

Self Of Damasio And Descartes - 1,005 words
Self Of Damasio And Descartes 1. Explain Damasios
view as to what Descartes error is, and why he
thinks Descartes is "in error"? How do Descartes
and Damasio differ as to what the"self" is?
Damasio and Descartes differ greatly as to what
the "self" is all about. They have different
answers to the philosophical question of what
makes up the self, and determines who a person is.
A persons identity is more than just the body they
both agree, but have different reasons why.
Descartes is also known as " the founder of modern
philosophy" he is most known for his cogito
argument of "I think therefore I am". He thinks
that one cannot doubt their own existence because
something must be doing the doub ...
Related: descartes, modern philosophy, ontological argument, free will, circular

Socrates - 1,043 words
... s of punishment other than death to satisfy
his crime. Instead of proposing a reasonable
penalty, Socrates suggested ridiculous ones which
angered the jury; causing them to vote on the
death penalty once again. Socrates did not seem to
mind at all. He was sent to prison and lived their
surrounded by his friends and disciples for his
last few days. His life ended by drinking hemlock
as his friends cried at his bedside. Only after
this scandalous death, did all of Greece realize
what they had done; that they had killed one of
the greatest philosophers of all time. Socrates
life achievements were vast. He introduced new
ideas and theories into the philosophical world.
His pupil, Plato, went ...
Related: socrates, after life, death penalty, historical figures, mine

Summary Of Kants Life - 1,387 words
Summary Of Kant's Life Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
spent all of his life in Knigsberg, a small German
town on the Baltic Sea in East Prussia. (After
World War II, Germany's border was pushed west, so
Knigsberg is now called Kaliningrad and is part of
Russia.) At the age of fifty-five, Kant appeared
to be a washout. He had taught at Knigsberg
University for over twenty years, yet had not
published any works of significance. During the
last twenty-five years of his life, however, Kant
left a mark on the history of philosophy that is
rivaled only by such towering giants as Plato and
Aristotle. Kant's three major works are often
considered to be the starting points for different
branches of modern ...
Related: immanuel kant, summary, moral philosophy, world war ii, solve

Thomas Stearns Eliot - 816 words
Thomas Stearns Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot was
born to a very distinguished New England family on
September 26, 1888, in St. Louis, Missouri. His
father, Henry Ware, was a very successful
businessman and his mother, Charlotte Stearns
Eliot, was a poetess. His paternal grandfather
established and presided over Washington
University. While visiting Great Britain in 1915,
World War I started and Eliot took up a permanent
residency there. In 1927, he became a British
citizen. While living in Britain, Eliot met and
married Vivienne Haigh-Wood and at first
everything was wonderful between them. Then he
found out that Vivienne was very ill, both
physically and mentally. In 1930, Vivienne had a
ment ...
Related: eliot, stearns, t. s. eliot, thomas becket, thomas stearns eliot