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There are many types of mapping, such as the GPS (Global Positioning System). "The GPS is a satellite based navigation system providing accuracy usable for side scan sonar surveys on a worldwide basis. GPS has become a universal, reliable positioning system. Inherent errors in GPS (implemented by the Department of Defense) create inaccuracies of more than 100 meters. Differential base stations can reduce these errors to less than two meters but are time consuming to survey-in."

This type of mapping is concerned with the landscape and locations of buildings, mountains, rivers, etc.

Gene mapping

Gene mapping means determining the relative positions of genes on a chromosome and the distance between them.
It is a completely different type of mapping than GPS. Gene mapping is the creation of a genetic map assigning DNA fragments to chromosomes.