2 General Purpose and Background Feeding management is one of six components of a Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan (CNMP) as defined by the Natural Resource Conservation Service. Feed management practices may reduce the volume and nutrient content of manure and may be an effective approach to minimizing the import of nutrients to the farm. Feed Management as part of a CNMP should be viewed as a consideration but not a requirement as some practices will not be economical on some dairies. The Feed Management Plan (FMP) is designed to assist the producer with documentation of those practices that affect whole farm nutrient management and contribute towards achieving nutrient balance at a whole farm level. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the two nutrients that are required to be managed as part of a FMP in a CNMP. When nitrogen and phosphorus imports exceed nitrogen and phosphorus exports there is an imbalance at a whole farm level. These imbalances may lead to impaired water quality in nearby water bodies due to both surface runoff or leaching of nutrients to ground water. Excess nitrogen can also be volatilized and contribute to impaired air quality. Potassium is a nutrient that can lead to production and health problems if it is not monitored in dairy rations, therefore it is included as a nutrient to monitor. Specific Purpose Supply the quantity of available nutrients required by livestock and poultry for maintenance, production, performance, and reproduction; while reducing the quantity of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, excreted in manure by minimizing the over-feeding of these and other nutrients. X Improve net farm income by feeding nutrients more efficiently. Date Plan Written: The Plan will be reviewed at (what interval, i.e. yearly) and by whom: 2

10 Summary of Feeding Practices and Equipment/Technologies utilized on the farm Narrative of those practices that have been adopted and/or insert the completed Farm Plan Assessment Checklist. Include how diet formulation was achieved, to what standards (ie., NRC or proprietary recommendations, etc). Diets are formulated using the feed companies ration formulation software. Protein and phosphorus levels are formulated close to the animal s requirements. Lactating cows are housed in a tie-stall barn. The producer is capable of keeping the fresh cows in one quarter of the barn and top-dresses some extra grain.. The herd is fed a one group TMR. The nutritionist checks dry matters on the forages, however, samples are analyzed routinely when any obvious change occurs. Dry matter intake is monitored. Dry cows and heifers are housed at the farm. Their diets are adjusted routinely. Indicate when lab analyses were conducted on feeds and by what lab. Feeds are analyzed when there is an obvious change in forages. The samples are sent to the company s lab in Minnesota. Indicate if nutrient analysis of drinking water was included in diet formulation. Water is added to the TMR and it is not included in the ration analysis but it is tested in addition to the milk company s testing. Note the expected volume of manure excreted on manure storage requirements. The expected manure excreted per year for the lactating cows is 5,678,744 lbs or 668,088 gallons. The manure storage holds 450,000 gallons. Note the potential of any feed byproducts fed and their impact on nutrients in manure. Distillers grains and baker product are being fed. At the current feeding level it is unlikely these byproducts will increase the P or N being excreted. Note the impact of feed management practices, animal management practices, and diet manipulation on manure odors, pathogens, animal health and well-being. There are no issues related to the above. Note use of manure on farm for production of forages and crops. It is land applied 2x/yr. In the fall they inject and then no-tilled in barley or rye. In spring they spread and incorporate in 1-2 days. Make note of use of manure analysis (as excreted or stored) to estimate the impact of feeding strategies. Fecal samples were taken from the lactating and dry cow group. Fecal P will be used to monitor ration P levels. 10

11 Record of Feed Sampling and Feed Analysis Describe routine feed analysis plan. What feeds need to be sampled and when What analyses need to be preformed Note why feeding rates for N and P may differ from recommendations (i.e. it is less expensive). The following records need to be kept for five years: Records of feed analysis and ration formulation, including initial ration formulation prior to development of FMP. Record of the initial estimate of the impact of adopted feed strategies on manure content. Record of any manure analysis that was done after the feeding strategy was implemented. Record of Feed Sampling and Feed Analysis Two groups of animals have been selected for the feed management plan, the lactating cow group and dry cows. Fecal samples will be taken from these 2 groups prior to the implementation of the feed plan. TMR samples will be taken. The herd has MUNs analyzed via the milk coop several times throughout the month. The fecal samples and the TMRs will be submitted to Cumberland Valley Analytical Lab. The TMRs will be analyzed for protein, protein fractions, fiber and minerals. Excluding the base line samples, samples will be taken 4 times per year to represent the various seasons. The baseline data will be evaluated to examine opportunities for improvement based on nitrogen and phosphorus. The following information will be monitored and evaluated. If there appears to be discrepancies in the formulated ration vs. the actual rations, the reason for these will be investigated and the problem area corrected. Information monitored: 1. Monitor dry matter intake. I will compare the amounts being fed to the groups and compare that to the dry matter percent from the TMR analysis to evaluate if there is good agreement. 2. I will average 3 bulk tank pick-ups and compare that information to what is observed on DHIA and match the formulated ration more closely to actual milk production. 11

12 3. I will monitor MUNs over time to evaluate if they are responding to ration changes. 4. I will calculate dry matter intake efficiency on actual data. (#1) 5. I will calculate milk nitrogen efficiency to evaluate if the herd is maintaining consistency and/or if improvements need to be made in protein and CHO nutrition. 6. I will monitor the agreement in protein level in the formulated ration vs. the actual TMR analysis. 7. I will monitor the phosphorus percent from the fecal samples to determine if ration changes are being reflected in the manure analysis. 8. I will monitor P as a percent of requirement based on the formulated diet and the actual diet (DMI and TMR analysis). Opportunities based on baseline data: Phosphorus: 1. Fecal P for the lactating cows is high at 0.96% of dry matter. The fecal P for the dry cows is in line. 2. For the lactating cows, as a percent of requirement, P is around 100%. There is pretty good agreement between the formulated and the actual ration for both dry matter intake and P intake. 3. Since the ration levels for P are in line, I will focus my attention on the cows I sample for manure analysis and work on ensuring a representative sample. I will also check that cows are not receiving any free-choice mineral or any additional grain that contains added P. Protein: 1. For the lactating group, protein status based on MUNs and MNE are good. Maintain these levels. 2. The milk cow TMR protein tested right on with the formulated diet and the dry cows came back slightly lower than formulated. I will work with the producer to gain better control over the amounts being weighed and fed to the dry cows. General: 1. The dry matter intake efficiency is very good for the lactating. The dry matter intake for the dry cows was lower than formulated. This is probably due to the producer adding haylage when the formulated diet just had CS and hay. 12

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