Androgen deficiency and depressionWe report a case of a hypogonadal man with a major depression accompanied by psychotic symptoms, who inadequately responded to psychopharmacological trials. The possible relationship of a secondary (related to hyperprolactinemia) hypogonadism as a possible cause of major depression is proposed. Although some neuroleptics can cause a prolactin elevation, we indicate that this use cannot be considered the only reason of the prolactin elevation. It is necessary to rule out other causes such as a tumor of the pituitary gland, certainly when the serum prolactin levels are more pronounced.Next, the relationship between the serum testosterone level and the presence of a depressive disorder is discussed. Despite the distinction between total and partial androgen deficiency, the relationship between serum testosterone level and depression remains unclear. Polymorphism of the androgen receptor contributing to the vulnerability to develop a depressive disorder in hypogonadal men, should be confirmed in the future. From a therapeutic viewpoint, only in severe androgen deficiency testosterone replacement therapy should be considered as a treatment for mood improvement.