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Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems www.iiste.orgISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)Vol 3, No.1, 2012 Javelin Throwing Technique: A Biomechanical Study IKRAM HUSSAIN Department of Physical Health and Sports Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, (U.P.), India. E-mail: ikram.husain@gmail.com MOHD. ARSHAD BARI (Corresponding Author) Department of Physical Health and Sports Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, (U.P.), India. E-mail: arshnz@yahoo.co.inThe authors would like to acknowledge the cooperation of UGC-SAP (DRS-I) Programme,Department of Physical Health and Sports Education, Aligarh Muslim University, AligarhAbstract:The purpose of this study was to analyze by correlational methods the biomechanical factors involved inachieving the maximal distance thrown in the javelin event. Six athlete from Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh India were filmed by a two high speed Canon Legaria SF-10, 8.1 Mp cameras in a field settingwith (1/2000 shutter speed and at 30-60fps). The cameras were set-up on a rigid tripod and secured tothe floor in the location. First camera was located to obtain maximum accuracy and second camera locatedto view the throwing performances, at given specified distance in the reconstruction of the two dimensionalco-ordinate. The locations of camera were chosen so that the optical axes of camera intersectedperpendicularly to the designated plane. Results of this study shows positive significant correlationwas found between the throwing distance and the initial velocity, insignificant correlations were foundbetween the throw distance and the release angle, attitude angle, attack angle and release height of javelin atthe moment of javelin release. The results suggest that in order to attain maximal distance thrown thejavelin thrower should achieve positive acceleration during the running approach, effective thrusting withthe right leg on the penultimate stride and carry the javelin during the last strides at the optimal angle ofrelease.Keywords: Javelin, Mechanics, Trajectory, Kinematics,body segment1. Introduction: 20

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Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems www.iiste.orgISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)Vol 3, No.1, 2012The throwing techniques in javelin, the velocity at which the thrower releases the implement isby far themost important factor (Morris and Baruev., 1996). This high percentage shows just howimportant themovements of the smaller body segments are to the acceleration ofthe implement. Because the movementsof the athlete are so fast during thedelivery action, biomechanical analysis equipment (normally highspeedcameras) is often used to provide an objective measure of the throwingtechniques of elite athletes.Biomechanical Analysis of javelin throw has been carried out maximum on the basis of release parameterssuch as the initial velocity, release angle, attitude angle, attack angle and release height of javelin ( BartlettR. et al., 1988;). These papers have argued that the most important factor necessary for achieving aperformance was a high initial velocity at the moment of javelin release. However, the papers did notclarify the throwing movement in detail. Mero et al.(1994) have investigated the body segment contributionto javelin throwing of male and female finalists in the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona. They comparedthe mean values of many kinematic parameters between male and female finalists and find out thedifferences of both groups. However, relationships between the javelin throw movements and throwdistance were not clarified. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships betweenthe throw distance and the kinematic parameters of javelin throw to clarify the characteristics of thethrowing movement of A.M.U, Aligarh Javelin throwers.2.Methodology:2.1Materials and Methods:2.2 Subjects:The six male javelin throwers analyzed in this study were representative Aligarh Muslim University,Aligarh in All- India Athletic meets from 2008 to 2010. All javelin throwers were randomly selected for thepurpose of the study. The entire selected thrower have readily agreed and volunteered to act as subject forthe study during practice session at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh Athletic ground. Their age, height,and body mass were 21.87±1.64 yrs., 1.69±0.35 m, and 67.33±6.21 kg, respectively.2.3 Videography TechniquesThe video graphic technique was further organized into two sections. These are:(i) Video Graphic Equipments and Location(ii) Subject and Trail Identification(i)VediographicEquipments and Location 21

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Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems www.iiste.orgISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)Vol 3, No.1, 2012The subject’s throwing motion were recorded using Legaria Canon SF-10, 8.1 Mp video camera in a fieldsetting operating at a nominal frame rate of 50 Hz and with a shutter speed of 1/2000 s and at 60fpscamera were set up 08 m away from the subject in a field setting. The camera was set-up on a rigid tripodand secured to the floor in the location. The camera was positioned perpendicular to the sagittal plane andparallel to the mediolateral axis (camera optical axes perpendicular on the sigittal plane) as their thrower’sarm giving approximately a 90o between their respective optical axes. The camera was also elevated to 95cms and tilted down in order to get the image of the subject as large as possible while that all points ofinterested remained totally within.(ii) Subject and trail IdentificationsTo identification the subject in the video graph, each subject was given a number as to separate in the datarecorded. For identification purposes of a best performance, the trails were viewed on the computer systemand exarter on the subject (thrower) demarketed the trail for the data acquisition.2.4 Data reduction:After video recording sessions were over, the video recording was loaded into the researcher’s personalcomputer (PC) for trail identification. The identified trails were played with the help of Silicon Coach Pro-7software to make separate clips of each badminton player. The separate clips were then opened on to theSilicon Coach Pro-7 software. We calculated the release parameters (velocity, release angle, attitude angleand attack angle), the approach run velocity calculated from the body center of gravity (B.C.G)immediately before the rear foot contact in the final phase of javelin throwing, the pull distance and pulltime (distance and time of javelin movement from the rear foot contact to javelin release, respectively), thejoint and segment angles at the instant of javelin release. Further, the theoretical distance was calculated bythe following estimate equation.D= v cos {v sin + 2 2 }---- (1)x= (u cos ). T ----(2)y= (tan θ)x - 1/2. g/ u2 cos2 X2 ---- (3)WhereD; the theoretical distance Y;displacement into vertical direction X; displacement into horizontal direction after time tv; the initial velocity at the moment of javelin releaseθ; the release angleg; the acceleration due to gravityh; the release height 22

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Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems www.iiste.orgISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)Vol 3, No.1, 2012This equation is quadric in X and linear in y.Significance level was set at 5% (Peason’s product-moment correlationcoefficient) in this study.3. Results:Consequence of the study shows,although a convinced significant correlation was determined between theinitial velocity of javelin throughout throws and the throwing distance (r= 0.764 p< 0.05 as well as 0.01),insignificant correlation were findbetween the javelin throw distance and the different release angle,position angle, attack angle, and release height of javelin during performance. A significant directcorrelation was obtain between the throwing distance and the calculated theoretical distance of the javelinthrowing performance (r = 0.879, p < 0.01as well as 0.05). The pull distance was positively correlated andsignificant with the throw distance (r = 0.415, p < 0.01as well as 0.05), but the pull time was negativelycorrelated (r = –0.401, p < 0.01 as well as 0.05). The significant direct correlationamong the throwingdistance and the approach run velocity was mentioned (r = 0.722, p < 0.01as well 0.05).Segment angles of the throwing arm at the moment of javelin release, although the negatively significantcorrelations were determined between thethrow distance and the elbow joint angle (r = –0.451, p < 0.01 aswell as 0.05) andadduction/abduction angle of the shoulder joint (r = –0.458, p < 0.01 as well as 0.05),thehorizontal adduction/abduction angle of the shoulder joint observedainsignificantcorrelation with thethrow distance.Trunk angle and fore leg knee joint at the time of moment of javelin release, although a throwdistancepositively significant correlatedwith forward trunk rotation angle (r = 0.457, p < 0.01 as well as0.05), insignificant positive correlation was found between the throw distance and the lateralrotation angleof the trunk during javelin throwing. The throw distance and the fore leg knee jointangle depicted thesignificant positive correlation (r = 0.279, p < 0.05)4. DiscussionThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the kinematic features of the javelinthrowing movements ofAligarh Muslim University (A.M.U), Aligarh Javelin throwers and following findings were foundtheevaluatesof release parameters of A.M.U, Athlete were mechanically consistent not in performanceaspecton those of males athlete reported by Mero et al. (1994). The pattern of motion used in the javelinthrow is similar to other movements used when striking or throwing an object (Atwater, 1979; Menzel,1987).Although a positive significant correlation wasfound between the throwing distance and the initialvelocity, insignificantcorrelations were found between the throw distance and the release angle,attitudeangle, attack angle and release height of javelin at the moment of javelin release.These results werelogical with other studies that point the initial velocity ofjavelin release is the most significant factor foraccomplishing a high performance (GregorR.J., 1985; Bartlett R. et al., 1988). A positive significant correlation was foundbetween the throwing distance and the theoretical distance.And almost all throwdistances of others were let down than their theoretical distances. The resultsproposethat the environmental factors interfered with the trajectory of javelin; e.g. atmospheric pressure,weather, atmospheric temperature, wind speed and direction, and so on.However, the athlete representA.M.U, Aligarh in All- India Athletic meet did almost same or mostly even higher throw distance thanthetheoretical. The resultssuggest that the A.M.U representative in All- India Athletic meet had no ability toreceive the environmental informationand react efficiently to it due to non-professional attitude of theathlete. The results suggest that performer performed the large and fastthrowing motion during the finalphase, and the motion is crucial to the javelin throw. The finalists had a tendency towards a decreasedelbow joint angle at themoment of javelin release of which value was similar to that reported by Mero etal.(1994). The internal rotation velocity of the shoulder joint can be transferred to thegrip velocity mosteffectively when the elbow joint is right angle, theoretically. Further, the finalists had a course towards an 23