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Abstract

The properties of hydrazine-treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated by synchrotron photoelectron
spectroscopy. The surfactant-free CNTs used in this study were synthesized by alcohol catalytic chemical vapor
deposition. When the CNTs subject to the vapor-phase hydrazine treatment and the 80° C-baking treatment were probed
by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), the results showed (i) damaged π-bonding and (ii) the shift of the
CNTs’ Fermi level toward the conduction band. A further 350° C-baking treatment on the hydrazine-treated CNTs could
restore the damaged π-bonding and cause the CNTs’ Fermi level to shift back toward the valence band. The results
obtained from UPS indicated that the above interaction between hydrazine and CNTs was a thermally metastable
chemical adsorption. When the CNTs subject to the vapor-phase hydrazine treatment and the 80° C-baking treatment
were probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the results showed a significant increase in the spectral
intensity of the signal corresponding to C-N bonding in the XPS profile. A further 350° C-baking treatment on the
hydrazine-treated CNTs could essentially eliminate the spectral intensity of the signal corresponding to C-N bonding in
the XPS profile. Our experimental results show that the transient fate of the thermally metastable C-N bonding is
associated with the nitrogenous radicals, such as nitrene and amidogen, thermally decomposed from hydrazine. The
chemical association of nitrogenous radicals with CNTs generates metastable amino/aziridino derivatization on the
surface of CNTs, which will disrupt the continuum of CNTs' graphitic domains. Upon further baking, the disruptive
functionalization can be eliminated to restore the graphitic sp2-carbon bonding structure.

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Advanced PhotonicsJournal of Applied Remote SensingJournal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and SystemsJournal of Biomedical OpticsJournal of Electronic ImagingJournal of Medical ImagingJournal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMSJournal of NanophotonicsJournal of Photonics for EnergyNeurophotonicsOptical EngineeringSPIE Reviews