Earth observation missions

ESA has been dedicated to observing the Earth from space since the launch of its first meteorological mission, Meteosat, in 1977. The later series of Meteosat satellites plus ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat, GOCE and CryoSat-2 have provided us with invaluable data about the Earth, its climate and changing environment.

ESA mission controllers manage some of the most sophisticated Earth observation spacecraft ever built. Envisat, ERS-2, Proba-1, GOCE and CryoSat-2 are in orbit, while the mission control infrastructure for several more missions is in development. An additional mission, SMOS, is being operated for ESA by CNES, France's space agency, from Toulouse.

Launched on 2 November 2009, ESA's 'Water Mission', SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) is being operated by CNES, France's space agency. SMOS is playing a key role in monitoring climate change and is the first-ever satellite designed to map sea surface salinity and soil moisture on a global scale.

CryoSat-2, launched 8 April 2010, is carrying a sophisticated radar altimeter to accurately measure floating sea ice thickness and survey the surface of ice sheets. ESOC's ground segment uses the ESTRACK station in Kiruna; contact is established for about 10 minutes, 11 times per day, to send commands and download data.

The Earth Explorer Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (ADM-Aeolus) will provide global observations of wind profiles from space, improving the quality of weather forecasts and boosting our understanding of atmospheric dynamics. The ground segment is being developed at ESOC, with Kiruna as one possible ground station.

The three-satellite Swarm mission, due for launch in mid-2011, will provide the best-ever survey of Earth's geomagnetic field, boosting scientists' understanding of the Earth's interior and climate. The spacecraft will operate in polar orbits between 400 and 530 km altitude. Ground control will operate from a Dedicated Control Room at ESOC.

GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) will provide autonomous and independent access to information for policy-makers. ESA is working on multi-mission facilities and ground segment operations, as well as the space component based on a series of satellites missions (the Sentinels).

GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) will provide autonomous and independent access to information for policy-makers. ESA is working on multi-mission facilities and ground segment operations, as well as the space component based on a series of satellites missions (the Sentinels).