Series Standing Order, If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published you can make use. of our standing order facility To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or in. case of difficulty write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name. of the series Please state with which title you wish to begin your staroding order If you live. outside the United Kingdom we may not have the rights for your area in which case we will. forward your order to the publisher concerned, Customer Services Department Macmillan Distribution Ltd. Houndmills Basingstoke Hampshire RG21 2XS England,Greener Buildings. Environmental impact,of property,Stuart Johnson,with contributions from. Brian Carter,Colin Ferguson,Jagjit Singh,Edward Sutherland. Andrew Wilkes, Selection and editorial matter Stuart Johnson 1993. Individual chapters Brian Carter Colin Ferguson Stuart Johnson. Jagjit Singh Edward Sutherland Andrew Wilkes 1993,Cover illustration by Phil Radmall. All rights reserved No reproduction copy or transmission of. this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced copied or. transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with. the provisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988. or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying. issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency 90 Tottenham Court. Road london W1P 9HE, Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this. publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil. claims for damages,First published 1993 by,THE MACMillAN PRESS lTD. Houndmills Basingstoke Hampshire RG21 2XS,and london. Companies and representatives,throughout the world. ISBN 978 0 333 57454 6 ISBN 978 1 349 22752 5 eBook. DOI 10 1007 978 1 349 22752 5,A catalogue record for this book is available. from the British Library,Foreword ix,1 Introduction. Stuart Johnson 1,1 1 Aims of the book 1,1 2 Structure of the book 2. 1 3 Using the book 4,1 4 Notes on contributors 5,2 Environmental Issues. Stuart Johnson 8,2 1 Introduction 8,2 2 Ozone depletion 9. 2 3 Ozone depletion and buildings 10,2 4 Global warming 12. 2 5 Global warming and buildings 14,2 6 Acid rain 15. 2 7 Acid rain and buildings 16, 2 8 Neighbourhood and internal environment issues 16. 2 9 Summary 17,3 Site Hazards,Colin Ferguson 20,3 1 Introduction 20. 3 2 Potentially contaminated land 20,3 3 Landfill gas 26. 3 4 Indoor radon and lung cancer 30,3 5 Overhead power lines 37. 3 6 Summary 39,vi Contents,4 Architecture and Landscape. Brian Carter 45,4 1 Introduction 45,4 2 Site planning 45. 4 3 Orientation 46,4 4 The characteristics of materials 47. 4 5 The building envelope 49,4 6 Building systems 53. 4 7 The design of the skin of the building 56,4 8 Acoustics 59. 4 9 Performance 61,4 10 Summary 63,5 Energy Efficiency. Stuart johnson and Andrew Wilkes 67,5 1 Introduction 67. 5 2 Benefits 68,5 3 Thermal insulation 69,5 4 Local materials 73. 5 5 Hidden energy costs 74,5 6 Design life of buildings 74. 5 7 Out of town schemes 75, 5 8 Energy savings in building systems and services 75. 5 9 Environmental moderating systems 77,5 10 A holistic approach 79. 5 11 Buildings in equilibrium 81,5 12 life cycle costing 82. 5 13 Summary 85,6 Building Materials,Stuart Johnson 89. 6 1 Introduction 89,6 2 Tropical hardwoods 90,6 3 Chlorofluorocarbons 92. 6 4 Asbestos 93,6 5 Paints 94,6 6 Timber treatments 97. 6 7 Formaldehyde 98,6 8 Recycled materials 99,6 9 Summary 100. Contents vii,7 Engineering Services,Andrew Wilkes 104. 7 1 Introduction 104,7 2 Environmental aspects of the building 105. 7 3 Environmental performance 106,7 4 Control of personal environments 109. 7 5 Thermal comfort criteria 110,7 6 Ventilation and indoor air quality 111. 7 7 Heating ventilating air conditioning HVAC,systems 114. 7 8 Summary 120,8 Building Biology and Health,agjit Singh 122. 8 1 Introduction 122,8 2 Building environments 123. 8 3 Biological decay 125,8 4 Biological health hazards 136. 8 5 Environmental assessment 138,8 6 Environmental control 139. 8 7 Summary 140,9 Environmental Law,T Edward Sutherland 144. 9 1 Introduction 144,9 2 The planning stage 145,9 3 Contaminated land 148. 9 4 Construction 150,9 5 Occupied buildings 156,9 6 Demolition 157. 9 7 Future developments 157,9 8 Summary 158,10 Environmental Assessment. Stuart Johnson 160,10 1 Introduction 160,10 2 BREEAM systems 161. 10 3 Environmental surveys 165,10 4 Environmental impact assessments 167. 10 5 Energy labelling 167,10 6 Product labelling 169. 10 7 Summary 169,viii Contents,11 Conclusions,Stuart Johnson 172. 11 1 Introduction 172,11 2 En vi ron mental issues 173. 11 3 Site hazards 174,11 4 Architecture and landscape 175. 11 5 Energy efficiency 175,11 6 Building materials 177. 11 7 Engineering services 178,11 8 Building biology and health 179. 11 9 Environmental law 180,11 10 Environmental assessment 180. 11 11 Overall conclusions 181, Heightened concern about the threat of environmental catastrophe. has coincided with a downturn in the fortunes of those involved in the. property market and the construction industry There is no doubt that. the present over supply in the market is enabling occupiers to exercise. their preferences by choosing the buildings that are both environ. mentally friendly and cheaper to run Stuart johnson s book is there. fore not only valuable pulling together the many environmental. threads that relate to property and construction but timely. The agents of change are often described as the carrot and the stick. but in its ability to change course the construction industry is more. like a super tanker than a donkey its enormous size will make it slow. to change direction even when the helm is hard over Many believe. that we will not see environmental concerns leading to action unless a. legislative stick is applied to the construction industry Statutory regu. lation is important but at the moment it tends to apply only to new. buildings On the other hand information and a will to take action can. affect choices in respect of both new and existing buildings I hope. that this book will provide those who feel like nibbling at the carrot of a. better environment with the information they need, It is a similar wish that has motivated The Royal Institution of Char. tered Surveyors to take a keen interest in the subject of the environ. ment by exposing members to issues of current concern and by talking. to government on environmental issues affecting property and con. struction The aim is to raise interest in the subject and point the. direction in which the property profession can meet existing and. expected demand for practical and unbiased advice, There has been much research into the way in which buildings affect. our environment This book lists many of the current references In. bringing together contributions from a wide variety of experts it is my. hope that it will enable enlightened self interest to grow among prop. erty professionals,x Foreword, This book will help those who wish to respond to market require. ments develop their understanding of environmental issues and adapt. their services to provide us with and help us occupy greener buildings. President The Royal Institution,of Chartered Surveyors 1991 2.