The state seeks reconsideration of our opinion in State v. Torres, 198 Or
App 218, 108 P3d 69 (2005), in which we reversed the trial court's denial of defendant's
motion to suppress evidence, on the ground that our opinion failed to accord proper
deference to the permissible factual inferences drawn by the trial court. ORAP 6.25(1)(a)
(providing that reconsideration may be based on "a claim of factual error in the
decision"). As discussed below, we allow the motion for reconsideration, withdraw our
former opinion, and affirm the trial court's order denying defendant's motion to suppress.

Defendant appealed his convictions for manufacture, distribution, and
possession of a controlled substance, ORS 475.992(1), (2), and (4). His challenge to the
trial court's denial of his motion to suppress was based on his contention that the
warrantless entry by police into his house, and then into his garage where a marijuana
growing operation was located, was not justified under (a) the "emergency aid" doctrine;
(b) the community caretaking statute, ORS 133.033; or (c) a combination of probable
cause and exigent circumstances. We agreed with defendant and reversed, holding that
the officers' warrantless search was not justified. The state now seeks reconsideration,
arguing that we failed to properly defer to the trial court's findings regarding noises heard
by the officers.

We restate the facts as we described them in our previous opinion:

"The material facts, as found by the trial court, are undisputed.
Shortly before 11:30 on the evening of March 24, 2001, Gresham police
received a 9-1-1 call from an anonymous citizen informant. The caller said
that she thought that a man had broken into a house across the street.
According to the caller, she had spoken with the man while she had been
outside smoking cigarettes, and he had remained there for 'quite awhile'
after she had gone inside--and then she had seen him break and climb
through the neighbor's front window.

"The caller did not give an exact address, but generally described the
house, and said that there was a gray minivan parked in front of the house.
The caller did not say whether she believed that the residents were at home.
Nor did she report that there had been any noises or signs of activity in the
house after the man had broken in.

"Officer Justin Pick was the first officer to respond to the call.1 As
Pick approached the location on foot, he heard dogs barking loudly in the
area immediately behind the house, which he thought might indicate that 'a
suspect that may have been related to this incident may have gotten across
the street into those yards as well.' Pick apparently did not hear or see
anything else that he regarded as suspicious or significant.

"Other officers arrived. As they approached the location, a man
standing on the porch of a house flagged them down, yelling, 'hey it's me,
it's just me, I accidentally broke the window.' The front door of the house
was wide open, and the window immediately next to the front door was
broken, with a hole the size of a dinner plate, allowing a person to reach
through the hole to open the door. Lights in the house were on, and there
was a car parked in the driveway.

"The officers took the man, later identified as Ricky Gruetzke, into
custody. Gruetzke told them that he had come to the house to visit the
owner, an old friend of his; that the owner did not know he was coming,
and he did not have a key to the house, so he had accidently broken the
window as he was trying to slide it open; and that he had entered the house
through the window.2 However, when asked, Gruetzke could not (or would
not) tell the police the name of his 'friend,' the homeowner. The officers
frisked Gruetzke and found no weapons or property that appeared to be
stolen. Although Gruetzke was nervous, he did not show any signs of
physical exertion or struggle, i.e., he was not 'flushed, sweaty [or] excited'
and there was no blood on his clothing.

"The officers then repeatedly called into the house through the front
door, to learn if anyone was inside and, particularly, if anyone was injured.
They received no response. As they stood on the front porch, the officers
could smell the scent of fresh marijuana and believed that the house likely
contained a marijuana growing operation.

"The officers then entered the house to search for other suspects and
to check on whether residents might have been injured or were otherwise
unable to respond. The officers 'swept' the living area of the house but
found no one. The house had not been ransacked, and there were no signs
of struggle or any other evidence of criminal activity. There is no
indication in the record as to whether, as they conducted their 'sweep,' the
police found any sign (other than the lights being on) that anyone had been
in the house shortly before they arrived.3

"After looking through the living areas,4 the officers came, finally, to
the door leading from the residence to the garage. One of the officers tried
to open that door but it was locked and required a key to open. As the
officer tried to turn the doorknob, he heard a noise coming from inside the
garage, which coincided with the officer's attempt to open the door. The
noise then stopped. The officer could not identify the source of the noise; it
was not identifiably human. Because they did not have a key to the door,
the officers decided to take it off its hinges. As they did so, they again
heard an indeterminate noise.

"After the officers removed the door and entered the garage, they
found a marijuana growing operation. The noise had been the sound of a
transformer switching on the lighting system for the grow operation.
Officers remained in the house to secure it and to wait for the owner to
return. About an hour later, defendant, who was the owner, entered the
house and was arrested.

"Defendant was charged with manufacture, possession, and
distribution of a controlled substance (marijuana). He filed a motion to
suppress, arguing that the officers' warrantless entry into his home was
unlawful. The state responded that the entry was lawful under (a) the
'emergency aid' doctrine; (b) the 'community caretaking' statute, ORS
133.033; or (c) the 'probable cause plus exigent circumstances' exception to
the warrant requirement."

"1It appears that the police were able to identify the approximate
location through the 9-1-1 tracking system. Although the record does not
precisely state the interval between the 9-1-1 call and the arrival of the
police, it appears that Pick arrived within five minutes and other officers
arrived several minutes later.

"2The trial court found that, given the size of the hole in the window,
Gruetzke had not crawled through the window but had, instead, reached
through the hole in the window to open the front door.

"3For example, the record does not disclose that the police found any
appliances (e.g., televisions or computers) on, any beds that appeared to be
recently slept in, or any other indications of residential activity that may
have been interrupted by the break-in.

"4The police looked only in areas that were large enough to hold or
conceal a person, including closets. They did not open any drawers."

198 Or App at 220-22.

The trial court denied the motion to suppress and found that the officers had
probable cause to believe that a burglary had been committed and that there were exigent
circumstances justifying entry into the home to search for a possible victim of the
burglary or an accomplice. The trial court also determined that the officers' entry into the
garage was justified by the emergency aid doctrine, concluding that,

"having swept the residential portion of the house, there was an exigency
warranting the opening--forcing open of the door between the house and the
garage when Detective McGowan heard a sound corresponding in time with
his trying to open the door, and although they had already started the
process and made the decision, hearing the sound again when they started
taking the hinges off reinforced their belief that there was somebody in the
garage and they were entitled to go in and look, and look in the areas of the
garage where a person making the sound might be found, including behind
the black plastic.

"The officers reasonably believed there was an individual [who was]
in distress and needed their assistance in the garage, or if not in distress and
in need of their help, then someone who was involved in the burglary, but
more likely than not, it was one or the other, and therefore they were
justified in searching as they did."

In our original opinion, we held that the warrantless entry into the garage
was not justified under (a) the "emergency aid" doctrine; (b) the community caretaking
statute, ORS 133.033; or (c) a combination of probable cause plus exigent circumstances.
Torres, 198 Or App at 220. We did not reach the question whether the officers'
warrantless entry into the house was lawful. Id. at 224. In holding that the emergency aid
doctrine did not justify the officers' entry into the garage, we relied on what we termed
"three salient facts":

"First, the door required a key to open from the residential side--which
necessarily meant that it had either been locked with a key from the
residential side or had been locked from inside the garage. Second, the
sound from the garage was not identifiably human--indeed, it was not
identifiable at all. Third, although the officers had heard that sound twice--once when turning the doorknob, and the second time while removing the
door from its hinges--the noise was not constant or continuous."

Id. at 227 (emphasis added). We determined that any emergency justifying the officers'
entry into the home had dissipated by the time they reached the garage door and that "the
coincidental occurrence of the indeterminate sounds from the garage" did not "enhance
the plausibility of the putative 'helpless victim in the garage' as to revive any 'true
emergency.'" Id. at 228. Specifically, we held:

"There was nothing identifiably human about those sounds. Moreover, if
those sounds emanated from a partially incapacitated victim, one might
reasonably expect that the sounds would have continued to attract the
attention of potential rescuers, after the officers initially tried to open the
door. But that did not happen. Given those facts--and the range of
plausible explanations for indeterminate sounds coming from inside a
garage--the occurrence of the sounds was so common and ambiguous that it
did not 'suggest a reason for concern or lack of concern.' [State v.]
Christenson, 181 Or App [345, 351, 45 P3d 511 (2002]."

Historical facts, as found by a trial court, are binding on review if there is
evidence in the record to support them. Ball, 250 Or at 487. If findings are not made on
all such issues and there is evidence from which such facts could be decided in more than
one way, we will draw all permissible inferences and presume that the facts were decided
consistently with the trial court's ultimate conclusion. Id. Our function is to decide
whether the trial court applied legal principles correctly to those facts and permissible
inferences. State v. Ehly, 317 Or 66, 74-75, 854 P2d 421 (1993).

Here, our original opinion did contain the facts as found by the trial court.
Our rendition of those historical facts was accurate. Where the opinion went astray,
however, was in the inferences we drew from those facts. Our discussion of the facts--including two of the "three salient facts" upon which our legal conclusion hinged, 198 Or
App at 227--contained factual inferences. Although the inferences we drew were among
those that could be drawn from the historical facts, they were not the only possible
inferences from those facts--and they conflicted with permissible inferences drawn by the
trial court. Cf. Ball, 250 Or at 487 ("If * * * there is evidence from which [the] facts
could be decided more than one way, we will presume that the facts were decided in a
manner consistent with the ultimate conclusion * * * made by the trial court * * *."). By
relying on factual inferences that conflicted with those drawn by the trial court, we
committed a factual error that can be corrected on reconsideration. ORAP 6.25(1)(a).

The pivotal factual inference to which we failed to defer involves the
significance of the timing of the sounds the police officers heard coming from the garage.
The trial court's finding that the timing of the sounds coincided with the officers' attempts
to open the door supported the necessary inference (apparent from the court's ultimate
conclusion that entry into the garage was reasonable) that the sounds were deliberate in
nature. Specifically, the trial court concluded:

"I think that timing is important in this case. [The officer] wasn't just
standing there and heard noises. He heard noises--he heard a noise coincide
with his trying the door handle.

"* * * * *

"When the officers began to remove the hinges--pins from the hinges
so the door could be taken off in that fashion, Detective McGowan heard
the noise again."

The trial court's explicit finding regarding the timing of the noises--which is supported by
evidence in the record--leads to the factual inference that the noises sounded as if they
were deliberately made by a human being, not simply indeterminate or inanimate noises.
That reasonable inference was a factual underpinning to the trial court's legal conclusion
that the officers had a reasonable belief that there was a human being inside the garage.

The dissent contends that our reconsideration is based not on Ball v.
Gladden deference to the trial court's factual findings but on disagreement with our prior
opinion's legal conclusion regarding whether the totality of the circumstances justified the
warrantless entry into the garage under the "emergency aid" doctrine. ___ Or App at ___ (Haselton, P. J., dissenting) (slip op at 3-4). What the dissent misses, however, is that
some of what our prior opinion stated as "facts" contained inferences. Most significantly,
one of the "three salient facts" on which we relied was that "the sound from the garage
was not identifiably human--indeed, it was not identifiable at all." Torres, 198 Or App at
227. We even went so far as to state--stretching beyond anything in the testimony--that
"the occurrence of the sounds was so common and ambiguous that it did not 'suggest a
reason for concern or lack of concern.'" Id. at 228. Our inference that "[t]here was
nothing identifiably human about [the] sounds," id., although permissible from the
historical facts, conflicts with the equally permissible inference that the noises were
deliberately made by a person. The trial court's ultimate ruling, particularly in light of its
emphasis on the timing of the sounds, indicates that it accepted the latter inference. We
are bound by the trial court's factual inference that there was indeed something
"identifiably human" about the sounds.

Another of the "three salient facts" on which we relied is that "the door [to
the garage] required a key to open from the residential side--which necessarily meant that
it had either been locked with a key from the residential side or had been locked from
inside the garage." Id. at 227. We proceeded from there to draw the following
conclusions from that "fact":

"Given the lock-and-key arrangement, any helpless person on the other side
of the door would have to have been locked in by the perpetrator. Thus, the
likelihood that there was a helpless victim in the garage corresponded to the
likelihood that, after Gruetzke broke in, he somehow (a) forcibly compelled
at least one victim into the garage or confronted a victim who was already
in the garage at 11:30 at night; (b) at least partly incapacitated his victim(s);
(c) somehow locked the keyed door from the residence to the garage; (d)
divested himself of any weapon or key he may have employed; (e)
eliminated all signs of struggle in the house; and (f) then voluntarily
initiated contact with the police while showing no signs of unusual
exertion--all within roughly 20 minutes of his entry.

"That scenario is not, and was not, plausible--much less rising to the
level of 'reasonable grounds' necessary to justify a warrantless entry under
the 'emergency aid' doctrine."

198 Or App at 227-28 (emphasis in original). Here again, the only historical fact
supporting our analysis was the locked door of the garage. Everything that followed
constituted our inferences from those facts--permissible inferences, but not the only ones
possible to draw from the fact of the locked door. Other permissible inferences consistent
with the trial court's ultimate conclusion were that an encounter between Gruetzke and the
homeowner occurred entirely in the garage (explaining the lack of signs of struggle in the
house) and that the door was one that locked automatically on being pulled shut.

Having concluded that we improperly failed to defer to the trial court's
factual inferences in our original opinion, we now must address whether appropriate
deference alters our original conclusion that the trial court erred in ruling that the officers'
entry into the garage was justified under the emergency aid doctrine. The requirements of
that doctrine are as follows:

"(1) The police must have reasonable grounds to believe that there is
an emergency and an immediate need for their assistance for the protection
of life.

"(2) The emergency must be a true emergency--the officer's good
faith belief alone is insufficient.

"(3) The search must not be primarily motivated by an intent to
arrest or to seize evidence.

"(4) The officer must reasonably suspect that the area or place to be
searched is associated with the emergency and that, by making a warrantless
entry, the officer will discover something that will alleviate the emergency."

State v. Follett, 115 Or App 672, 680, 840 P2d 1298 (1992), rev den, 317 Or 163 (1993)
(footnote omitted). The emergency aid doctrine is a carefully and narrowly drawn
exception to the warrant requirement. State v. Apodaca, 85 Or App 128, 132, 735 P2d
1264 (1987). When applied to the warrantless entry of a dwelling, the state must make a
strong showing that exceptional emergency circumstances truly existed. Id.

In State v. Jones, 45 Or App 617, 620-21, 608 P2d 1220, rev den, 289 Or
337 (1980), we recognized that the emergency aid doctrine is

"founded upon the actions of police officers which are considered
reasonable under the circumstances that faced the officer at the time of
entry. * * * The inquiry is whether the facts available to the officer would
lead a prudent and reasonable officer to see a need for immediate action to
protect life or property. Wayne v. United States, 318 F2d 205 (DC Cir
1963). When faced with what he reasonably and in good faith believes to
be an emergency, an officer's action should not be reviewed with severe
judicial scrutiny in light of a hindsight analysis of the evidence. Even if the
officer's conclusion that an emergency situation existed is ultimately
determined to be erroneous, his actions should be upheld if the
circumstances, as they appeared at time of entry, would lead a prudent and
reasonable officer to conclude immediate action was necessary."

In our original opinion, we stated that the noises the officers heard coming
from the garage were "so common and ambiguous" that they suggested neither a reason
for concern nor for lack of concern. Torres, 198 Or App at 228. However, that
conclusion contradicts the trial court's permissible factual inferences regarding the nature
of the noises. Deferring as we must to the trial court's finding regarding the timing of the
noises and its reasonable factual inference that the noises sounded as though they had
been deliberately made, we now conclude that the officers' assessment that the
circumstances presented a "true emergency" requiring immediate action was reasonable.

As we have held in the context of analyzing questions of probable cause,
the officers were not required to explore and eliminate all possible explanations for the
circumstances that gave rise to their reasonable belief that there was a true emergency.
See State v. Vantress

, 195 Or App 52, 59, 96 P3d 867 (2004); State v. Gilmour, 136 Or
App 294, 300 n 7, 901 P2d 894, rev den, 322 Or 360 (1995). The alternative explanation
for the circumstances that was contained in our original opinion, Torres, 198 Or App at
227-28, is just one of those possible explanations. It is not the only one possible.

Under the totality of the circumstances here, the officers' belief that a victim
in need of assistance was on the other side of the closed, locked door was reasonable.
That belief was the basis of the officers' decision to enter the garage. Further, the
officers' suspicion that their entry into the garage would alleviate the perceived "true
emergency" was also reasonable. Therefore, we conclude that the officers' warrantless
entry into the garage was justified on the basis of the emergency aid doctrine.

We turn to address whether, at the time of hearing the noises inside the
garage, the officers were lawfully inside defendant's residence. In our original opinion,
our conclusion that entry into the garage was not justified obviated the need to evaluate
whether the officers' initial warrantless entry into the residence was justified. Torres, 198
Or App at 224. As noted above, in denying suppression, the trial court determined that
probable cause and exigent circumstances justified the warrantless entry into the house to
search for an intruder or possible victims. We agree.

The police may not search a home without a warrant unless one of the
established exceptions to the warrant requirement applies. State v. Davis, 295 Or 227,
237, 666 P2d 802 (1983). One means of justifying such a search is through probable
cause accompanied by exigent circumstances. Id. Under Article I, section 9, of the
Oregon Constitution, probable cause exists when an officer subjectively believes that a
crime has been committed and that belief is objectively reasonable under the
circumstances. State v. Cardell, 180 Or App 104, 110, 41 P3d 1111 (2002). In
determining whether objective probable cause exists, we look to the totality of the
circumstances and the reasonable inferences that may be drawn from those circumstances,
but no single factor necessarily is dispositive. State v. Spruill, 151 Or App 87, 90-91, 948
P2d 726 (1997). Whether objective probable cause exists is a question of law. State v.
Kappel, 190 Or App 400, 404, 79 P3d 368 (2003), rev den, 336 Or 509 (2004). In
addition to probable cause, the state must demonstrate that exigent circumstances justified
the warrantless search. Exigent circumstances exist if a situation requires "the police to
act swiftly to prevent danger to life or serious damage to property, or to forestall a
suspect's escape or the destruction of evidence." State v. Stevens, 311 Or 119, 126, 806
P2d 92 (1991) (citation omitted).

The question then becomes whether exigent circumstances existed to justify
the entry without first obtaining a warrant. We conclude that, because lights were on
inside the house, a car not belonging to Gruetzke was parked in the driveway, and the
incident took place late at night when people tend to be in their homes, exigent
circumstances existed to justify the warrantless entry to search for a potential victim of
the burglary or a potential accomplice. See, e.g., State v. Lynch, 135 Or App 528, 533,
900 P2d 1042, rev den, 322 Or 362 (1995) (where probable cause existed that a burglary
was in progress, exigent circumstances justified entry and search into areas that could
conceal a burglar).

Reconsideration allowed; former opinion withdrawn; affirmed.

HASELTON, P. J., dissenting.

I would deny reconsideration.

The thrust of the state's petition is that our original opinion did not give
adequate Ball v. Gladden deference to the trial court's findings of fact, including
necessarily implicit findings. In particular, the state asserts that "[t]he lynchpin of this
court's analysis appears to be its mistaken understanding about the sounds the officers
heard coming from inside the locked garage."

There was no "mistaken understanding." Our original opinion accurately
recited the historical facts regarding how the officers described the sounds and their
timing:

"After looking through the living areas, the officers came, finally, to
the door leading from the residence to the garage. One of the officers tried
to open the door but it was locked and required a key to open. As the
officer tried to turn the doorknob, he heard a noise coming from inside the
garage, which coincided with the officer's attempt to open the door. The
noise then stopped. The officer could not identify the source of the noise; it
was not identifiably human. Because they did not have a key to the door,
the officers decided to take it off its hinges. As they did so, they again
heard an indeterminate noise."

State v. Torres, 198 Or App 218, 222, 108 P3d 69 (2005) (footnote omitted). In holding
that the noises from inside the garage did not "revive" any "emergency," we noted three
salient facts:

"First, the door required a key to open from the residential side--which
necessarily meant that it had either been locked with a key from the
residential side or had been locked from inside the garage. Second, the
sound from the garage was not identifiably human--indeed, it was not
identifiable at all. Third, although the officers had heard that sound twice--once when turning the doorknob, and the second time while removing the
door from its hinges--the noise was not constant or continuous."

Torres, 198 Or App at 227. That recitation of the facts comported exactly with the record
evidence regarding the nature and timing of the noise from inside the garage. When
asked what the noise "sound[ed] like," Detective McGowan, one of the investigating
officers, testified:

"Heard a noise inside. Couldn't tell what it was, because the door was
closed, obviously. I couldn't tell, but I heard noise coming from the inside.
I heard it once when I initially tried to open the door, and then as we were
preparing to take [the] hinges off, we heard the same type of noise from
inside."

(Emphasis added.) When specifically asked whether the sound was a "human noise" or a
"machine noise," McGowan testified:

"It was a--I don't know how to describe it. I can tell you what we found it
out to be. It was a transformer apparently kicking on, because we did it
after we [got] inside. There was a transformer for a lighting system. I
couldn't tell what it was when I went inside. I just heard a noise coming
from inside the garage."

(Emphasis added.)

The present majority does not purport to identify any misstatement of fact in
our original opinion. Nevertheless, the state contends, and the present majority agrees,
that our original opinion did not give adequate weight to the trial court's consideration of
the timing of the noises and to inferences reasonably to be drawn from that timing. I
respectfully disagree. In particular, in our original opinion we carefully explained why, in
the totality of the circumstances, those noises did not support an objectively reasonable
belief that a person in the garage requested emergency assistance:

"Each of those facts must be considered in light of the putative
emergency--viz., reasonably, was there an injured or otherwise incapacitated
person on the other side of the locked door? Given the lock-and-key
arrangement, any helpless person on the other side of the door would have
to have been locked in by a perpetrator. Thus, the likelihood that there was
a helpless victim in the garage corresponded to the likelihood that, after
Gruetzke broke in, he somehow (a) forcibly compelled at least one victim
into the garage or confronted a victim who was already in the garage at
11:30 at night; (b) at least partly incapacitated his victim(s); (c) somehow
locked the keyed door from the residence to the garage; (d) divested himself
of any weapon or key he may have employed; (e) eliminated all signs of
struggle in the house; and (f) then voluntarily initiated contact with the
police while showing no signs of unusual exertion--all within roughly 20
minutes of his entry.

"That scenario is not, and was not, plausible--much less rising to the
level of 'reasonable grounds' necessary to justify a warrantless entry under
the 'emergency aid' doctrine. Nor did the coincidental occurrence of the
indeterminate sounds from the garage so enhance the plausibility of the
putative 'helpless victim in the garage' as to revive any 'true emergency.'
There was nothing identifiably human about those sounds. Moreover, if
those sounds emanated from a partially incapacitated victim, one might
reasonably expect that the sounds would have continued to attract the
attention of potential rescuers, after the officers initially tried to open the
door. But that did not happen. Given those facts--and the range of
plausible explanations for indeterminate sounds coming from inside a
garage--the occurrence of the sounds was so common and ambiguous that it
did not 'suggest a reason for concern or lack of concern.' Christenson, 181
Or App at 351."

Torres, 198 Or App at 227-28.

Ultimately, this reconsideration is not about the facts. Nor is it even about
Ball v. Gladden deference. Rather, where our original opinion and the present majority
truly depart is on the legal question of whether the totality of the then-known (and
uncontroverted) circumstances justified the warrantless entry into the garage under the
"emergency aid" doctrine. That is, at the time that the officers entered the garage (after
taking the door off its hinges), did the totality of the circumstances support an objectivelyreasonable belief that "immediate police action was required to protect human life"? As
with the determination of "objective probable cause," that determination is a legal inquiry.

We may have been right or wrong on that ultimate legal call in our original
opinion. Of course, I continue to believe that we were right--but, obviously, this is a
close and difficult case, and the Supreme Court (like the able trial judge) may some day
reach a different conclusion. The real point is that, however close or difficult the ultimate
decision, our opinion did not misstate either the facts (with a Ball v. Gladden "gloss") or
the applicable law. See ORAP 6.25(1)(a), (e).

We dealt fairly with the issues as framed by the parties. Our opinion should
stand.

1. The state relies on the following factual findings by the trial court:

"Detective McGowan went to open the door--went from the living
area to the garage of the house, and when he tried the door knob,
discovered that it was locked. When he tried the door knob, he
heard a noise inside the garage. I think that timing is important in
this case. He wasn't just standing there and heard noises. He heard
noises--he heard a noise coincide with his trying the door handle.
They asked Mr. Gruetzke if he had a key to the garage. He said no.
Detective McGowan then contacted the supervising officer on the
scene * * * and other officers to figure out what they should do
with this situation. Detective McGowan believed there was
someone in the garage and that was the sort of the noise."

3. We note again that, although the caller reported seeing the individual crawl
through a window, the broken window in the present case was not large enough for a person to fit
through. Rather, it was the size of a dinner plate, allowing a person to reach through the hole to
open the door.

4. Although Gruetzke provided the officers with an explanation for the
circumstances, he did not identify the name of the owner. Thus, his statements to the officers did
not mitigate the circumstances indicating that a burglary had taken place.