2 Broad spectrum drugs have not been shown to have therapeutic advantages over narrow spectrum drugs in uncomplicated acute otitis media, 4 but abundant use of them has ecological drawbacks in selecting resistant bacteria. (bmj.com)

The modification of the quinolone and naphthyridone structures resulted in increasing activities of the quinolones against Gram-negative, Gram-positive, atypical and obligately anaerobic bacteria and mycobacteria. (eurekaselect.com)

The first and second group of quinolones i.e. norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin have no or only little activity against obligately anaerobic bacteria. (eurekaselect.com)

The present review provides an overview of the activities of quinolones against obligately anaerobic bacteria as described by in vitro as well as in vivo studies. (eurekaselect.com)

Even with our small sample size, there were still statistically significant differences, including [in systemic sclerosis patients] a decrease in normal, healthy bacteria and an increase in more pathogenic bacteria that in other disease states cause inflammation. (sclerodermanews.com)

Bacteria are remarkably adaptable to diverse environmental conditions: they are found in the bodies of all living organisms and on all parts of the earth-in land terrains and ocean depths, in arctic ice and glaciers, in hot springs, and even in the stratosphere. (infoplease.com)

By "fundamental unit of life" I mean that bacteria are the most basic organisms to meet the definition of life , and were the first form of life to exist. (everything2.com)

Bacteria are capable of controlling the ecosystem, and are often responsible for the creation of viruses that wipe out over-zealous organisms like humans who fail to see their impact on the biosphere. (everything2.com)

Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. (wikipedia.org)

One technique for detecting indicator organisms is the use of chromogenic compounds, which are added to conventional or newly devised media used for isolation of the indicator bacteria. (wikipedia.org)

It has been hypothesized that enteric bacteria (bacteria that survive in the guts of other organisms) - especially those prevalent in the depths of the ocean - employ bio-luminescence as an effective form of distribution. (wikipedia.org)

After making their way into the digestive tracts of fish and other marine organisms and being excreted in fecal pellets, bioluminescent bacteria are able to utilize their bio-luminescent capabilities to lure in other organisms and prompt ingestion of these bacterial-containing fecal pellets. (wikipedia.org)

The bio-luminescence of bacteria thereby ensures their survival, persistence, and dispersal as they are able to enter and inhabit other organisms. (wikipedia.org)

Though bio-luminescence across a diverse range of organisms such as bacteria, insects, and dinoflagellates function in this general manner (utilizing luciferase and lucifierin), there are different types of luciferin-luciferase systems. (wikipedia.org)

Many species of nitrifying bacteria have complex internal membrane systems that are the location for key enzymes in nitrification: ammonia monooxygenase (which oxidizes ammonia to hydroxylamine), hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (which oxidizes hydroxylamine to nitric oxide - which forms nitrite in the presence of oxygen), and nitrite oxidoreductase (which oxidizes nitrite to nitrate). (wikipedia.org)

Nitrifying bacteria are a narrow taxonomic group in the environment, and are found in highest numbers where considerable amounts of ammonia are present (areas with extensive protein decomposition, and sewage treatment plants). (wikipedia.org)

In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. (wikipedia.org)

Symbiotic, chemosynthetic bacteria that have been discovered associated with mussels (Bathymodiolus) located near hydrothermal vents have a gene that enables them to utilize hydrogen as a source of energy, in preference to sulphur or methane as their energy source for production of energy. (wikipedia.org)

Newser) - Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are 'just about as bad as it gets,' as one study author puts it, are spreading quickly in the Southeast, with a fivefold increase in detected cases between 2008 and 2012, a new study warns. (newser.com)

In an ominous first, last month the CDC said antibiotic-resistant bacteria had been found in food for the first time . (newser.com)

Each year in the United States, approximately two million persons become infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, at least 23,000 persons die as a direct result of these infections, and many more die from conditions complicated by a resistant infection ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Not only do "formerly bacteria, now organelles" occupy every nucleated cell on Earth, but true self-sufficient bacteria are required by all plant life to take nitrogen from the atmosphere and put it into the plant's vascular system. (everything2.com)

So basically, without bacteria there would be essentially zero oxygen in the atmosphere, and no way to create protein , which requires captured nitrogen to exist. (everything2.com)

Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)

Some types of cyanobacteria are endosymbiont Certain plants establish a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, enabling them to produce nodules that facilitate the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. (wikipedia.org)

It appears that not only must the plant have a need for nitrogen fixing bacteria, but they must also be able to synthesize cytokinins which promote the production of root nodules, required for nitrogen fixation. (wikipedia.org)

It is well accepted and understood that there is a mutualistic relationship between plants and rhizobial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi enabling the plants to survive in an otherwise nitrogen-poor soil environment. (wikipedia.org)

Coliform bacteria are defined as rod-shaped Gram-negative non-spore forming and motile or non-motile bacteria which can ferment lactose with the production of acid and gas when incubated at 35-37°C. They are a commonly used indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water. (wikipedia.org)

They did not find that the rhizobial bacteria studied had any evolutionary advantage with their host but did find great genetic variation among the populations of rhizobial bacteria studied. (wikipedia.org)

The majority of denitrifying bacteria are facultative aerobic heterotrophs that switch from aerobic respiration to denitrification when oxygen as an available terminal electron acceptor (TEA) runs out. (wikipedia.org)

For the diversity of denitrifying bacteria is so large, this group can thrive in a wide range of habitats including some extreme environments such as environments that are high in saline and high in temperature. (wikipedia.org)

In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals. (wikipedia.org)

A single E. coli bacteria reproducing without any competition every 20 minutes would create a population in four days that outnumbers the (of course an estimated figure) number of quarks in the Universe. (everything2.com)

These bacteria may be free living (such as Vibrio harveyi) or in symbiosis with animals such as the Hawaiian Bobtail squid (Aliivibrio fischeri) or terrestrial nematodes (Photorhabdus luminescens). (wikipedia.org)

The first description of magnetotactic bacteria appeared in 1963 in a publication of the Microbiology Institute (Italian: Istituto di Microbiologia) of the University of Pavia written by Salvatore Bellini. (wikipedia.org)

Exogenous bacteria can also enter an enclosed ecosystem via ingestion of contaminated food.Food-borne diseases such as Salmonella poisoning are transmitted by food not properly cooked or by individuals infected with the pathogen. (wikipedia.org)

The team discovered that systemic sclerosis patients' microbiomes are enriched by inflammatory bacteria while protective bacteria were reduced, with systemic sclerosis patients exhibiting a microbiota flora similar to patients with Crohn's disease (a type of inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by chronic inflammation at the digestive tract). (sclerodermanews.com)

Researchers found an enrichment of bacteria species Erwinia and Trabulsiella in systemic sclerosis patients with the most severe symptoms, suggesting that "not only are there differences in the microbiota composition between systemic sclerosis patients and healthy controls, but these differences may contribute to clinical symptoms," Dr. Volkmann explained . (sclerodermanews.com)

Segmented filamentous bacteria or Candidatus Savagella are members of the gut microbiota of rodents, fish and chickens, and have been shown to potently induce immune responses in mice. (wikipedia.org)

Notably, they found that systemic sclerosis patients surprisingly were also enriched in two bacteria species usually found in healthy individuals, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , which are usually reduced in inflammatory diseases patients. (sclerodermanews.com)

Green sulfur bacteria have been found in depths of up to 145m in the Black Sea, with low light availability. (wikipedia.org)

Chlorobium tepidum , a member of green sulfur bacteria was found to be mixotroph due to its ability to use inorganic and organic carbon sources. (wikipedia.org)

The Black Sea, an extremely anoxic environment, was found to house a large population of green sulfur bacteria at about 100 m depth. (wikipedia.org)

A species of green sulfur bacteria has been found living near a black smoker off the coast of Mexico at a depth of 2,500 m in the Pacific Ocean . (wikipedia.org)

Bacteria found in the gut may be related to colon cancer but may be more complicated due to the role of chemoprotective probiotic cancers. (wikipedia.org)

Some of the researchers published reports that also claimed to have found bacteria associated with different types of cancers. (wikipedia.org)

While cancer-associated bacteria have long been considered to be opportunistic (i.e., infecting healthy tissues after cancer has already established itself), there is some evidence that bacteria may be directly carcinogenic. (wikipedia.org)

Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. (wikipedia.org)

However, the group of lipophilic bacteria are not pathogenic, i.e. they don't cause food poisoning or food infection In terms of evolution, lipophilism can be regarded as fine-tuning the metabolism to lipophilic habitats. (wikipedia.org)

Pasteur also showed how bacteria can cause disease and developed the use of vaccines to control them. (factmonster.com)

Additionally, the outer leaflet of this membrane comprises a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) whose lipid A component can cause a toxic reaction when these bacteria are lysed by immune cells. (wikipedia.org)

Although most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, some are pathogenic, with the number of species estimated as fewer than 100 that are seen to cause infectious diseases in humans. (wikipedia.org)

While it would be impossible to scientifically verify it as of now, it is highly likely that much your DNA actually codes for the creation of bacteria and viruses that are essential for your very survival. (everything2.com)

Despite the fact that they have been widely referred to as segmented filamentous bacteria, this term is somewhat problematic as it does not allow one to distinguish between bacteria that colonize various hosts or even if segmented filamentous bacteria are actually several different bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)

One of the bacterial diseases with the highest disease burden is tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which kills about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. (wikipedia.org)