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Seven State-Owned Dams Need a Closer Look Regarding Safety

NBC Bay Area obtained a memo written by engineers at California’s Department of Water Resources (DWR) in June 2017 that raises safety questions involving seven dams owned and operated by the agency. Investigative reporter Stephen Stock reports on a story that first aired on Feb. 5, 2018. (Published Monday, Feb. 5, 2018)

NBC Bay Area obtained a memo written by engineers at California’s
Department of Water Resources (DWR) in June 2017 that raises safety
questions involving seven dams owned and operated by the agency.

The
memo was sent by DWR to the state’s Division of Safety of Dams and copied to the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which oversees dam safety and
regulation around the country. It states the seven dams are in need of
immediate evaluation.

The memo questions whether the seven dams, which are similar in age, design
and construction to Oroville Dam, may have, “potential geologic,
structural or performance issues that could jeopardize their ability to
safely pass a flood event.”

All seven dams listed, along with Oroville Dam, are owned and operated
by California DWR.

Oroville Incident Prompts Concerns at Other Dams

Long-term systemic failure. That's what the group of independent scientists and engineers says led to that spillway collapse at Oroville a year ago. But what worries the leader of that group is that similar problems could lead to problems at other dams. Senior Investigative Reporter Stephen Stock reports.

(Published Tuesday, Feb. 6, 2018)

The memo was sent just a few months after the February 2017 failure of the
spillway system at Oroville Dam, when heavy rains caused the system’s
collapse and forced the evacuation of nearly 200,000 people living
downstream of the dam.

After NBC Bay Area’s Investigative Unit began asking questions about the
memo, state DWR officials conceded there are issues at those dams and that
maintenance and repair would commence on them.

John France Extended Interview

NBC Bay Area spoke with John France, head of the Independent Forensic Team investigation into the Oroville Dam spillway incident.

(Published Tuesday, Feb. 6, 2018)

The memo requested a work plan for each of the dams be submitted for review
by September of last year.

NBC Bay Area requested a copy of those work plans through a California
Public Records Act request, but DWR responded that the plans would not be
publicly available until later in 2018.

Each of the dams listed in the memo—Del Valle Dam, Castaic Dam, Pyramid
Dam, Antelope Dam, Frenchman Dam, Grizzly Valley Dam and Cedar Springs
Dam—is 45 years old or older. They’re all earthen dams, or earth and rock dams, similar in construction to Oroville Dam.

Safety Report Calls Oroville Dam Crisis a Wake-Up Call

"Long-term and systemic failures" by California dam managers and regulators to recognize inherent construction and design flaws at the tallest U.S. dam caused last year's near-disaster there, an independent panel of dam safety experts said Friday, calling it a wake-up call for dam operators around the country. Investigative Reporter Stephen Stock reports.

(Published Friday, Jan. 5, 2018)

Like Oroville Dam, each of the seven dams is considered “high” or
“extremely high” hazard, meaning there is likely loss of life downstream
should they fail.

One of the dams, Del Valle Dam in Alameda County, was built in
1968, the same year Oroville Dam was built.

“The Department of Water Resources has indicated there are some concerns
with the dam,” Alameda County Sheriff Gregory Ahern told NBC Bay Area.

Ahern oversees an emergency evacuation plan that—for a disaster at Del
Valle Dam—would stretch nearly 100 square miles, larger than the evacuation
zones for each of the 22 other dams in Alameda County combined.

“We've looked at what issues might arise if the dam does have uncontrolled
release, or if there is a failure of that dam,” Ahern said.

Inspection records show issues at Del Valle Dam that have gone unaddressed for years, such as
broken sump pumps and plans to install new monitoring tools called
piezometers.

The reports also show the earth dam has settled in places as much as 13
inches, “not a concern,” according to the inspection reports that makes note
of it. In each report, inspectors declare the dam in “satisfactory
condition.” Those same “satisfactory condition” notes can be found in inspection
records of Oroville Dam before its spillway system failed.

Inspection records also reveal safety issues in the six other dams listed
in the memo. The safety issues also echo notations made in Oroville Dam’s
inspection reports before its spillway failed.

For instance, records show cracks and voids in the spillway at Cedar
Springs Dam in San Bernardino County, cracks in the spillway at Frenchman
Dam, and deterioration and settling of the dam itself at Grizzly Valley
Dam. There was also cracking, spalling and erosion on the spillway at
Pyramid Dam in Los Angeles County.

The memo and the issues it raises about the safety of the seven other dams
after the Oroville Dam incident did not surprise several recently retired
DWR officials who spoke with NBC Bay Area.

The department insiders expressed concern over what they called a “culture
of complacency” regarding dam safety at DWR. They say inattention and a
lack of follow-up has resulted in the state agency’s failure to maintain
its critical structures.

“They don’t have the adequate knowledge to maintain those facilities,” one
former DWR engineer said.

The insiders spoke to NBC Bay Area on condition of anonymity for fear
they’d lose their state pensions for speaking out.

“It's my feeling that they don't have adequate technical staff to fully do
the full scope of what's required,” that same engineer added

Another former top administrator told NBC Bay Area, “These folks (at DWR)
don't have the broad experience to really fully understand the missions of
the department and what drives those missions and what the critical
infrastructure is.

“The infrastructure has not been maintained, and I think that's across the
board. Because budgets are strained,” the retired DWR administrator said.

Last month, an independent forensic team issued a
report that blamed in part the culture at DWR for playing a role in the spillway
incident at Oroville Dam, citing what it called “long-term systemic
failure” within the department.

“I hope that from this report and from what happened at Oroville that DWR
is going to learn from that and look at its other facilities in the way
that we recommended here,” said John France, the forensic team’s lead engineer.

Though the team didn’t specifically look at the seven other dams listed in
the DWR memo, France’s team did raise concerns that the culture at DWR,
namely its “overconfidence and complacency” about dam safety, pertained to
the integrity of all its dams and their parts.

“We need to not just focus on spillways,” France said. “It applies to
everything with a dam and its related structures.”

DWR Deputy Director Joel Ledesma said the department does face “resourcing
issues” in getting all of the necessary maintenance and repairs done on the
many dams it owns and operates.

But in the case of these seven dams listed in the June memo, Ledesma said
money will not be a problem.

“I think these dams right now that we're talking about specifically, we
have the funding to do all the maintenance work,” he said.

As head of the State Water Project, Ledesma oversees the safety of all the
state’s owned and operated dams.

“None of [the seven dams] have showed any areas of concern where there's
any public safety issue,” Ledesma said. “But yes, there will be maintenance
work done on all those, whether there'd be spalling on concrete … unplugging
of drains or just maintenance activities.”

Meantime, Sheriff Ahern is working to make sure his county
is prepared just in case something happens at Del Valle Dam.

Despite being in charge of protecting hundreds of thousands of residents
downstream of the dam, Ahern says he was never copied or notified about the
DWR memo listing Del Valle Dam as needing special attention. That is until
NBC Bay Area’s Investigative Unit gave him a copy of the June DWR memo.

That lack of communication remains a point of concern for him.

“We have stressed to people to please join our alert system so they can be
made aware of any type of issues immediately because if something happens
at Del Valle you're not going to have a lot of time,” Ahern said. “It's a
matter of minutes.”