Precision cosmology has made tremendous progress in the past two decades thanks to a large amount of high quality data from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), galaxy surveys and other cosmological probes. However, most ...

Fairly little is known from a fundamental first principles level about the role of magnetism at material interfaces. This thesis will address (a) changes in spin density at grain boundaries and surfaces; (b) the impact of ...

There had been long-standing fundamental problems in the spectral studies of accreting neutron stars (NSs) in low-mass X-ray binaries involving the X-ray spectral decomposition, the relations between subtypes (mainly atoll ...

In order to gain a deeper understanding of the Standard Model of particle physics and test its limitations, it is necessary to carry out accurate calculations to compare with experimental results. Event shapes provide a ...

Fluid dynamics is the universal theory of low-energy excitations around equilibrium states, governing the physics of long-lived modes associated with conserved charges. Historically, fluid dynamics has been formulated at ...

I analyze new phenomena arising from embedding active materials inside of photonic crystal structures. These structures strongly modify the photonic local density of states (LDOS), leading to quantitative and qualitative ...

As the first generation of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors near operation, research and development has begun on increasing the instrument's sensitivity while utilizing existing infrastructure. In the ...

An overwhelming proportion of the universe (83% by mass) is composed of particles we know next to nothing about. Detecting these dark matter particles directly, through hypothesized weak-force-mediated recoils with nuclear ...

16 years and counting ... In 1986 Bednorz and Muller discovered the layered perovskite structure (La - Ba)2Cu04 which showed the phenomenon of superconductivity at the unprecedented high temperature of Tc = 33 K. In the ...

We propose and study two new computational models for quantum computation, and infer new insights about the circumstances that give quantum computers an advantage over classical ones. The bomb query complexity model is a ...