CHS 121 - Ch. 2

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Transcript of CHS 121 - Ch. 2

Post-exilic period 539 BC - The second revolt AD 135The Historical Setting of the NEW TESTAMENTTemple destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar!!!Complete destruction of their faith, culture and meaningUtter DecimationPsalm 137Babylon - 596 B.C.Cyrus the GreatDefeats Babylon 539 B.C.How YOU might ask?Used defeated people as alliespromise of restorationPersiaMalachi 2Separation from people around themComplete distancing from culture around themPros?Cons?EZRA, Nehemiah, Ezekial, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi & the TempleLingua FrancaSynagoguemodern day churchEmergence of the SynagogueWhat is Hellenism?The proselytization of Greek cultureIt was bringing people from archaic living to modernityWho was thank for the advancement of Hellenism?The Hellenistic Period 332 - 63 BCANOTHER CHANGE OF POWERPolitical Goals?DEFEAT the Powerful PersiansADVANCE the Graeco-Roman cultureADVANCE the Graeco-Roman religionAlexander the Great of MacedoniaTheatersGymnasiumsSchoolsMuniciple governmentUniversal monetary currencyONE LANGUAGE - uniting the entire EmpireGreek culture was the culture for nearly 900 years!Contributions of Hellenism?2 of Alexander's General's who assumed control of different parts of the empirePtolemy's and SleucidsRemarkable freedom for JudeaDiasporaCulture began to influence Judaismantithetical to it's formationsGreatest threat to Judaism was the gradual assimilation of Hellenistic cultureGreek became the common languageAlexandria - 250 BCPtolemaic rule 320-198 BC (Egypt)High persecution of JudaismAntiochus presumed to be God and demanded worshipThe last straw - PIGS!!! Maccabean WarMaccabeus "Hammer"Seleucid Rule 198-167 BC (Babylon)The first Jewish Dynasty in CenturiesTheocracy -Hasmonean Dynasty 141-63 BCA system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.Theocracy:3 major divisions:Hellenized JewsHasmoneansHasidimNot everyone was on the same page:Rome!!!PompeyFreedom...sort of.Hyrcanus IIAntipiter - The perfect candidateWealthy IdumeanSupported HyrcanusUnderstood local politics and customsIdumean (southerner) not as likely to be nationalisticOr Herod the PARANOID and SELF-ESTEEMLESSHEROD, King of the Jews...YES that one!37-4 BCRefurbished wallstheaterswater systemracetrackpalaceReconstruction of the TEMPLE!!! 20 B.C. - A.D. 63.Greatest ContributionsThe Revolts and MASADA1 - 66-70 ADGessius FlorusAD 70 - END OF TEMPLE!960 Defenders at MASADA1,400 Ft.Double Wall110 Defensive towersCisterns - 1.4 mil Cu. Ft.2 - 132-135 ADHADRIANSimon Bar Kokhba