If we accept what one historian has called "the emancipated status of Filipino women in the 19th century," then the prewar nationalist movement, with its rhetoric of militarism and male empowerment, may have skewed the gender balance within the Philippine polity. In a Malay society with a legacy of gender equality-bilateral kinship, matrilocal marriage, and gender-neutral pronouns-this aspect of nationalism seems socially retrogressive.' Understandably, postwar historians have overlooked this glorification of masculinity and military valor in their sympathetic studies of prewar Filipino nationalism. Nonetheless, mass conscription shaped gender roles in the first half of the 20th century and fostered a rhetoric that pervaded Philippine politics in its second half. In deploying Europe's cult of masculinity to support mass conscription, the Commonwealth introduced a new element into the country's political culture. Indeed, this engendered social order-propagated through conscription, education, and mass media-fostered imagery that would shape Philippine politics at key transitional moments in the latter decades of the 20th century. For well over half the fifty plus years since independence, the Philippines has been ruled by presidents who won office with claims of martial valor and then governed in a military manner.

COMMONWEALTH A N D MASCULINITY

The Philippine acceptance of this Euro-American model of masculinity provides strong evidence of the paradigm's

Hegemonic Masculinity
Hegemonic Masculinity is a concept which was first introduced as an attempt to understand and counter-balance gender divisions (Duncanson 2015).
Hegemony can be understood as the the control of power and the formation and destruction of social groups, in which the ruling class is able to establish and maintain their domination, an understanding which is key in Marxist Theory (Donaldson 1993).
In terms of masculinity, the term was used to highlight the oppressive relationship…

of Babio is the idea of masculinity and how masculinity is defined. Through the portrayal of Babio as an effeminate character, Babio is able to define masculinity through absences in Babio’s Character. Consequently, Babio makes the additional point that lovesickness is not an intrinsic aspect of medieval masculinity, despite the fact that love sickness is often attributed to men.
Babio’s titular is portrayed as feminine and lacks traits that traditionally define masculinity. One such trait is rationality…

Masculinity At its Manliest
In both Douglas Schrock and Michael Schwalbe’s Men, Masculinity, and Manhood Acts and Sharon Bird’s Welcome to the Mens’s Club, we see compelling arguments for the treatments on the categories of “masculinity.” By comparing both articles, the significant similarities and differences between the two variations can be identified. In doing so, the function of “masculinity” in society, according to each author, can also be…

image is usually hegemonic masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity may be defined as the ‘macho man’ seen vastly in today’s media; he is tough, smart, good at sports, gets all of the girls but yet, is sexist towards them. There is a constant fear of being emasculated by peers making most boys believe that in order to keep their masculine image, violence will help reassure that. It is in society’s best interest that as many boys as possible acquire the hegemonic masculinity image. From a young age it is…

What is hegemonic masculinity? What are the merits and shortcomings of this concept?
In Connell’s original conception, hegemonic masculinity can be understood as ‘the pattern of practice that allowed men’s dominance over women’ (1987). Hegemonic masculinity is the exclusive masculinity of which only a few exhibit. The majority of men in fact experience complicit masculinity, allowing them to dominate in the patriarchal system in which it created. Connell (1987) believed it was this that created…

Masculinity
There are different ways for men become masculine, people can teach them or let them figure it out when growing up. Masculinity is usually described as being strong, manly, or dominate. It is also used when someone is describing men and how masculine they are. Many people use the word “masculine” to describe a man and put them into a category if they see that he fits. Many people believe that boys should not be brought up by punishing them if they did not do something masculine. They…

be a shot to his manhood. To most men and boys in western society, masculinity is what separate the men from the women and the boys from the girls. However, what is masculinity and why do most men and boys’ try so hard to guard theirs? My understanding of masculinity, and as technically defined, is having customary qualities attributed to or usually applicable to a male. My position is that society encourages hegemonic masculinity thus forming basis for males to exhibit traditional masculine qualities…

Multiple Masculinities
The certain qualities a man processes plays into how masculine he is rated to be. The way he portrays himself in his looks, actions and everyday life paints a bigger picture for the type of male he is. Connell argues that hegemonic masculinity is the ultimate goal that men strive for. Hegemonic masculinity is the idea of men being powerful, strong and dominant. Not many people actually live up to this theory, but nearly all men strive to achieve it. Marginalized masculinity and…

the country at that moment in time, the American government wanted to prove their superiority among other emerging nations and in doing so chose to colonize and annex nations such as the Philippines. Primary resources indicated that the annexation of the Philippines was indeed motivated by the lack of masculinity that was felt by the American government at the time (Hollitz, 2010). Gender roles in the United States were at a point where their stereotypical reputations were changing and women were…

Introduction
Masculinity is a topic that has been debated in society quite often. Many wonder what is means to be masculine and if there can truly be one definition to a term that can vary so widely. Traditional masculinity has certain characteristics assigned to it such as strength, power, control, to be tough, and show no emotion, etc. These traits and thus masculinity have been traditionally assigned to the male body as “the male body is the most common purveyor of masculinity, but that does not…