This study will compare the effectiveness of brief versus detailed HIV counseling sessions, paired with referrals to either HIV-specific medical care or usual care, in reducing HIV risk behavior and in increasing treatment adherence in Uganda.

Participants will receive 10 to 15 minutes of pretest counseling on the importance of HIV testing and on available services for people infected with HIV. After pretest counseling, participants will undergo a blood draw for HIV testing. Participants will receive test results and additional counseling 1 hour after the blood sample is drawn.

Behavioral: Enhanced linkage to care

Participants will be provided with more detailed counseling on how to access HIV services, will be introduced to a specific HIV clinic, and will be given a list of other HIV services available in the area. After leaving the hospital, participants will receive reminder telephone calls 1 week before their scheduled visits at the HIV clinics.

Participants will receive 10 to 15 minutes of pretest counseling on the importance of HIV testing and on available services for people infected with HIV. After pretest counseling, participants will undergo a blood draw for HIV testing. Participants will receive test results and additional counseling 1 hour after the blood sample is drawn.

Behavioral: Routine referral to care

Participants will be provided with information on the importance of receiving HIV care and will be given a list of available HIV area services.

Participants will receive 45 to 60 minutes of pretest counseling on general HIV/AIDS information and testing for HIV. After pretest counseling, participants will undergo a blood draw for HIV testing. Participants will receive test results and additional counseling 1 hour after the blood sample is drawn.

Behavioral: Enhanced linkage to care

Participants will be provided with more detailed counseling on how to access HIV services, will be introduced to a specific HIV clinic, and will be given a list of other HIV services available in the area. After leaving the hospital, participants will receive reminder telephone calls 1 week before their scheduled visits at the HIV clinics.

Participants will receive 45 to 60 minutes of pretest counseling on general HIV/AIDS information and testing for HIV. After pretest counseling, participants will undergo a blood draw for HIV testing. Participants will receive test results and additional counseling 1 hour after the blood sample is drawn.

Behavioral: Routine referral to care

Participants will be provided with information on the importance of receiving HIV care and will be given a list of available HIV area services.

Active Comparator: E

Participants who are found to be healthy will receive voluntary brief HIV counseling and testing only.

Behavioral: Voluntary brief HIV counseling and testing

Participants will receive 10 to 15 minutes of pretest counseling on the importance of HIV testing and on available services for people infected with HIV. After pretest counseling, participants will undergo a blood draw for HIV testing. Participants will receive test results and additional counseling 1 hour after the blood sample is drawn.

Active Comparator: F

Participants who are found to be healthy will receive voluntary longer, more detailed HIV counseling and testing only.

Participants will receive 45 to 60 minutes of pretest counseling on general HIV/AIDS information and testing for HIV. After pretest counseling, participants will undergo a blood draw for HIV testing. Participants will receive test results and additional counseling 1 hour after the blood sample is drawn.

Detailed Description:

HIV is a virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease that breaks down the immune system and allows for entry of life-threatening secondary infections. HIV is a major global health concern, with countries in Africa undergoing a severe HIV/AIDS crisis. The number of new cases of HIV infection in Africa continues to rise, making disease prevention methods imperative. Important to the prevention process are early testing, educational counseling on HIV and how to reduce sexual-risk behavior, and connecting people with HIV infection to services that offer medical treatment and social support. However, the most effective strategy for fully integrating HIV counseling, testing, and medical care access is not known. This study will compare the effectiveness of brief versus detailed HIV counseling sessions, paired with either referrals to HIV-specific medical care or usual care, in reducing HIV risk behavior and in increasing treatment adherence in Uganda.

Participation in this study will last 12 months. All participants will undergo an initial interview to obtain basic information on previous HIV testing and status. Participants will then be assigned randomly to receive a brief or more detailed counseling session given before and after HIV testing. Participants assigned to the brief counseling session will receive 10 to 15 minutes of pretest counseling on the importance of HIV testing and available services for people infected with HIV. Participants assigned to the detailed counseling session will receive 45 to 60 minutes of pretest counseling on general HIV/AIDS information and testing for HIV. After pretest counseling, participants in both groups will undergo a blood draw for HIV testing. All participants will receive test results and additional counseling 1 hour after the blood sample is drawn.

Participants who are found to be infected with HIV will be assigned randomly to receive enhanced referrals to HIV-specific medical care or referrals to usual care. Participants receiving the enhanced referrals will be provided with more detailed counseling on how to access HIV services, will be introduced to a specific HIV clinic, and will be given a list of other HIV services available in the area. After leaving the hospital, participants will receive reminder telephone calls 1 week before their first scheduled visits at the HIV clinics. Participants receiving referrals to usual care will be provided with information on the importance of receiving HIV care and will be given a list of available HIV area services. At Months 3, 6, 9, and 12, participants in both groups will be interviewed about contact information, overall health, current medications, sexual history, health services utilized, and any repeat HIV tests. Participants who are not infected with HIV may be randomly selected to undergo the same follow-up interviews as the HIV infected participants.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years and older

Genders Eligible for Study:

Both

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Willing to receive HIV test results

Willing to provide adequate contact information

Possesses sufficient cognitive ability to provide informed consent and participate in the interventions, as determined subjectively by the Regulatory Coordinator (patient with altered mental status or who is otherwise too ill to participate in the consent process will be excluded)

Planned local residence over the next year after study entry (within a reasonable distance; approximate radius of 25 km of Kampala city center)

Any condition that, in the opinion of the study staff, would make participation in the study unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives

Contacts and Locations

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below.
For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00648232