I was wondering what your opinions are on the concept of tempo rubato. Some believe the left hand must be kept in strict time, to avoid the manipulating the rhythm etc. I personally think that the left hand does not need to be kept in strict time so long as the rubato is not too over the top. I hear people being criticized for not keeping the left hand in strict time, yet their interpretation can often sound better because of it. Their may be history behind it, but i think keeping the left hand in strict time with large amounts of rubato in the right hand can ruin some of the harmony and distort the entire feel of the song (from some recordings ive heard.)

I know its in that other topic thats why i kinda moved it to here, because it got me thinking-it is certainly a part of a pianists technique. I would really like to hear everyones opinion on the matter, just because someone knows more about musical history, it does not make their opinion any less important

The thing is, that particular sort of rubato is specifically a Chopin thing. It was his nitpick, and it doesn't apply to the rest of the Romantic period. Just Chopin. This little segment (link) from Huneker's biography (pp. 195-7) has a great deal to say about Chopin's preferences concerning rubato.

Chopin himself said:

Quote:

"Supposing that a piece lasts a given number of minutes; it may take just so long to perform the whole, but in detail deviations may differ."

Mikuli says:

Quote:

"No matter how free Chopin was in his treatment of the right hand in melody or arabesque, the left kept strict time."

Liszt says:

Quote:

"A wind plays in the leaves, Life unfolds and develops beneath them, but the tree remains the same - that is the Chopin rubato."

"He required adherence to the strictest rhythm, hated all lingering and lagging, misplaced rubatos, as well as exaggerated ritardandos. 'Je vous prie de vous asseoire,' he said, on such an occasion, with gentle mockery. And it is just in this respect that people make such mistakes in the execution of his works."

So, decide for yourself, I suppose.

Quote:

just because someone knows more about musical history, it does not make their opinion any less important

I wonder whether Chopin would have the same opinions today though. He was certainly progressive, and for all we know may have changed his opinions in his later years, where he himself began to push the boundaries of the pure classical music that he was initially so honorable to. I do believe that excess rubato to the extent of distortion is terrible, i just think it sounds worse when the left hand is kept the same IMO. Slight affections etc. i think sound great, and that is slowing the left hand if only for a moment. I do think certain pieces like the waltzes do require strict left hand rhythm, just not pieces like Chopins first ballade for example.

According to the Eigeldinger book with original citations from contemporaries we find conflicting statements. There are people who wrote that Chopin used that kind of rubato what Terez quoted. Other wrote that Chopin took much more liberty and could not keep rhythm (that wrote contemporary musicians too).

Could it not be that Chopin did use several kinds of rubato? E.g. for his Mazurkas it is stated that he changed the 3/4 rhythm to something like a 2/4 rhythm (I think Meyerbeer wrote that). Maybe for other pieces (waltzes maybe?) he used strict left hand rhythm and a free right hand part (something I find extremly difficult to achieve, and only rare examples of pianists who use(d) that only occasionally like Cortot e.g.). This fits well with the predilection of Chopin how opera singers acted. And what do singers? They normally start soft, and slightly prolongated with their melody and stop also slightly prolongated (normally). Maybe that's what Chopin did foremost too, who knows?

But what is common in all statements is that Chopin did never exxagerate, it sounded always naturally and easy, and this should hold true also for his rubato playing I guess- and we only can guess, and read contemporaries quotations about that, isn't it?

I think this is interesting (also confusing at the same time). It's taken from Frederick Niecks book, Frederick Chopin - as a Man and Musician (hope it's okay to do this?)
This part has a lot of the same excerpts that Terez included and what Olaf refers to. See if you understand it all. And look at the part about mistaking rubato for changing accents.

Let us try if it is not possible to obtain a clearer notion ofthis mysterious tempo rubato. Among instrumentalists the "stolentime" was brought into vogue especially by Chopin and Liszt. Butit is not an invention of theirs or their time. Quanz, the greatflutist (see Marpurg: "Kritische Beitrage." Vol. I.), said thathe heard it for the first time from the celebrated singer SantaStella Lotti, who was engaged in 1717 at the Dresden Opera, anddied in 1759 at Venice. Above all, however, we have to keep inmind that the tempo rubato is a genus which comprehends numerousspecies. In short, the tempo rubato of Chopin is not that ofLiszt, that of Liszt is not that of Henselt, and so on. As forthe general definitions we find in dictionaries, they can affordus no particular enlightenment. But help comes to us fromelsewhere. Liszt explained Chopin's tempo rubato in a verypoetical and graphic manner to his pupil the Russian pianistNeilissow:--"Look at these trees!" he said, "the wind plays inthe leaves, stirs up life among them, the tree remains the same,that is Chopinesque rubato." But how did the composer himselfdescribe it? From Madame Dubois and other pupils of Chopin welearn that he was in the habit of saying to them: "Que votre maingauche soit votre maitre de chapelle et garde toujours la mesure"(Let your left hand be your conductor and always keep time).According to Lenz Chopin taught also: "Angenommen, ein Stuckdauert so und so viel Minuten, wenn das Ganze nur so langegedauert hat, im Einzelnen kann's anders sein!" (Suppose a piecelasts so and so many minutes, if only the whole lasts so long,the differences in the details do not matter). This is somewhatambiguous teaching, and seems to be in contradiction to thepreceding precept. Mikuli, another pupil of Chopin's, explainshis master's tempo rubato thus:--"While the singing hand, eitherirresolutely lingering or as in passionate speech eagerlyanticipating with a certain impatient vehemence, freed the truthof the musical expression from all rhythmical fetters, the other,the accompanying hand, continued to play strictly in time." Weget a very lucid description of Chopin's tempo rubato from thecritic of the Athenaeum who after hearing the pianist-composer ata London matinee in 1848 wrote:--"He makes free use of temporubato; leaning about within his bars more than any player werecollect, but still subject to a presiding measure such aspresently habituates the ear to the liberties taken." Often, nodoubt, people mistook for tempo rubato what in reality was asuppression or displacement of accent, to which kind of playingthe term is indeed sometimes applied. The reader will rememberthe following passage from a criticism in the "WienerTheaterzeitung" of 1829:--"There are defects noticeable in theyoung man's [Chopin's] playing, among which is perhaps especiallyto be mentioned the non-observance of the indication by accent ofthe commencement of musical phrases." Mr. Halle related to me aninteresting dispute bearing on this matter. The German pianisttold Chopin one day that he played in his mazurkas often 4/4instead of 3/4 time. Chopin would not admit it at first, but whenMr. Halle proved his case by counting to Chopin's playing, thelatter admitted the correctness of the observation, and laughingsaid that this was national. Lenz reports a similar disputebetween Chopin and Meyerbeer. In short, we may sum up inMoscheles' words, Chopin's playing did not degenerate intoTactlosigkeit [lit., timelessness], but it was of the mostcharming originality. Along with the above testimony we have,however, to take note of what Berlioz said on the subject:"Chopin supportait mal le frein de la mesure; il a poussebeaucoup trap loin, selon moi, l'independance rhythmique."Berlioz even went so far as to say that "Chopin could not playstrictly in time [ne pouvait pas jouer regulierement]."

Indeed, so strange was Chopin's style that when Mr. Charles Hallefirst heard him play his compositions he could not imagine howwhat he heard was represented by musical signs. But strange asChopin's style of playing was he thinks that its peculiaritiesare generally exaggerated. The Parisians said of Rubinstein'splaying of compositions of Chopin: "Ce n'est pas ca!" Mr. Hallehimself thinks that Rubinstein's rendering of Chopin is clever,but not Chopinesque. Nor do Von Bulow's readings come near theoriginal. As for Chopin's pupils, they are even less successfulthan others in imitating their master's style. The opinion of onewho is so distinguished a pianist and at the same time was sowell acquainted with Chopin as Mr. Halle is worth having. HearingChopin often play his compositions he got so familiar with thatmaster's music and felt so much in sympathy with it that thecomposer liked to have it played by him, and told him that whenhe was in the adjoining room he could imagine he was playinghimself.

_________________"Simplicity is the highest goal, achievable when you have overcome all difficulties." ~ Frederic Chopin

So what i can summarize from this so far, is that Chopin may have used rubato either freely, or perhaps for particular pieces. The main thing though is that he never exaggerated to the point of distortion...which i think is many peoples main gripe with the use of rubato.

There are people who wrote that Chopin used that kind of rubato what Terez quoted. Other wrote that Chopin took much more liberty and could not keep rhythm (that wrote contemporary musicians too).

I have read that some said this about Chopin. It was apparently a common critique from the classicists, who did not use rubato at all.

First, even if a musician don't play rubato itself one could trust that this musician is nevertheless able to observe rhythm treatment from another musician. So I don't see no reason to not trust those statements too.

Second, the kind of rubato with steady rhythm in one hand and liberty in melody line, is no invention from the romantiques like Chopin. I have read elsewhere that Mozart could and did play in this manner too (but can't point to a certain book where I have read that). And to go even more back in time, in the baroque time the "stylus phantasticus", was based on a performance with complete liberty of rhythm (see Matthesons definition of that style in "Der vollkommene Capellmeister" from 1739).

So, beside that it seems not true that preromantic musicians did not use rubato at all, I don't see no reason to disqualify statements from contemporaries about Chopin's playing style even if they don't fit the picture the one or the other likes to have about Chopin's playing style.

Second, the kind of rubato with steady rhythm in one hand and liberty in melody line, is no invention from the romantiques like Chopin. I have read elsewhere that Mozart could and did play in this manner too (but can't point to a certain book where I have read that).

It's in the Huneker biography - right at the top of the page that I linked.

It's in the Huneker biography - right at the top of the page that I linked.

Ah, I did not found the link in your message at first sight, thank you for that link to the Huneker biography! Although I have a lot of books about Chopin, this one is new to me. I need to read it! The thing about the Mozart rubato style I must have read in another Mozart biography, but I don't know which book it was.

Ah, I did not found the link in your message at first sight, thank you for that link to the Huneker biography! Although I have a lot of books about Chopin, this one is new to me. I need to read it! The thing about the Mozart rubato style I must have read in another Mozart biography, but I don't know which book it was.

Yes, it's hard to make links obvious on this forum - they look almost the same as the other text! That's why I put (link) trying to make it more clear, but it's apparently still easy to miss.

Google Books previews are great, but unfortunately you can't copy text from them, and there are only so many pages that you can preview. I ordered the Huneker biography and the Letters from Dover not too long ago, but I don't think they have the Liszt biography. I found the Huneker biography to be more interesting, anyway.

All three books, Huneker, Niecks, and Liszt are on the Project Gutenberg website for free.

Here are the specific addresses to the three - Sorry, I don't know how to make them links. Or you can just go the website home page: www.gutenberg.org

When you get on the page for the book you want to read, go to the lower righthand side under "Download Links" and then click on usually the second listing that looks like this: 310 KB main site mirror sites P2P. You should click on the second "main site' listing.

Thank you much, Monica!
Just downloaded all three books - and your links in your message are really good visible, too!

The only thing to clarify is now, how did Chopin played his rubato ...

Nicole wrote:

I have my definite opinions on EXACTLY how Rubato should be done effectively, but will keep mum for a change

For me, there exist several kinds of rubato executions, and all have there eligibility.
However, at least I would be really interested to know these your definite opinions about the exactly and effectively rubato execution!

I was wondering what your opinions are on the concept of tempo rubato. Some believe the left hand must be kept in strict time, to avoid the manipulating the rhythm etc. I personally think that the left hand does not need to be kept in strict time so long as the rubato is not too over the top. I hear people being criticized for not keeping the left hand in strict time, yet their interpretation can often sound better because of it. Their may be history behind it, but i think keeping the left hand in strict time with large amounts of rubato in the right hand can ruin some of the harmony and distort the entire feel of the song (from some recordings ive heard.)

I heard Horowitz say that he always employed rubato to play Mozart.. he said that was the only way?

I was wondering what your opinions are on the concept of tempo rubato. Some believe the left hand must be kept in strict time, to avoid the manipulating the rhythm etc. I personally think that the left hand does not need to be kept in strict time so long as the rubato is not too over the top. I hear people being criticized for not keeping the left hand in strict time, yet their interpretation can often sound better because of it. Their may be history behind it, but i think keeping the left hand in strict time with large amounts of rubato in the right hand can ruin some of the harmony and distort the entire feel of the song (from some recordings ive heard.)

I heard Horowitz say that he always employed rubato to play Mozart.. he said that was the only way?

All for a musical reason...

Yeah, I noticed that about Horowitz's Mozart, a habit I emulated for many years (much to my teachers' consternation). As I mature, I increasingly refrain from using rubato when playing Mozart, esp. those composed in style galant (Horowitz really pulls the rhythm here: http://youtube.com/watch?v=oQzp_-N6IUs. ) Through my studies of Mozart, I feel rubato is unnecessary for the most part. Sometimes, rubato can be a powerful tool in the Classical repertoire but we must use it so subtly.

Yeah, I noticed that about Horowitz's Mozart, a habit I emulated for many years (much to my teachers' consternation). As I mature, I increasingly refrain from using rubato when playing Mozart, esp. those composed in style galant (Horowitz really pulls the rhythm here: http://youtube.com/watch?v=oQzp_-N6IUs. ) Through my studies of Mozart, I feel rubato is unnecessary for the most part. Sometimes, rubato can be a powerful tool in the Classical repertoire but we must use it so subtly.

Pete

You have made my point.. or my Piano teacher's point. I must be the only one who needs a little Rubato to take Mozart.. at least a little 'musical interpretation'.

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