The World Transformed 1945 to the Present

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Through its lively and accessible narrative,The World Transformedprovides students with an account of the political, socio-economic and cultural developments that have shaped global events since 1945. The volume's focus on three central and profoundly interconnected stories the unfolding of the cold war, the growth of the international economy, and the developing world's quest for political and economic independence offers students a framework for understanding the past and making sense of the present. Attentive to overarching themes, individual historical figures, and diverse nations,The World Transformedwill find an enthusiastic reception in courses on post-1945 world history, international relations, or global concerns.

MICHAEL H. HUNT, Emerson Professor of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, writes and teaches in the general field of international and global history. He is the author of numerous articles and prize-winning books on topics spanning the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics in Chinese as well as U.S. history informed his early publications, while later writings, notably Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy (1987) and Lyndon Johnson's War: America's Cold War Crusade in Vietnam, 1945-1968 (1996), focused on the role of ideas in foreign relations and on the Cold War in Asia. These were written with research support from such major sources as the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, the National Program for Advanced Study and Research in China, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Hunt has played a leading role in the global history program within his department at Chapel Hill.

PrefaceIntroduction: The 1945 Watershed International Politics ReconfiguredWilson and Lenin as Rival VisionariesWorld War II and the Onset of the Cold WarThe Role of Nationalism A Global Economy in Transition The First Phase of Globalization Begins, 1870s-1914Globalization Reborn, 1945 to the Present The Colonial System on the Brink Vulnerabilities of EmpireThe Appearance of the "Third World"

PART I. HOPES AND FEARS CONTEND, 1945-1953

1. The Cold War: Toward Soviet-American Confrontation Origins of the RivalryFrom Cooperation to ConflictU.S. Policy in TransitionStalin's Pursuit of Territory and SecurityStalin and the Postwar Settlement From Europe to the PeripheryDrawing the Line in EuropeThe Nuclear Arms Race AcceleratesOpening a Front in the Third WorldLimited War in Korea Superpower Societies in an Unquiet TimeSoviet Society under StressThe U.S. Anti-Communist Consensus Conclusion

2. The International Economy: Out of the Ruins Anglo-American Remedies for an Ailing SystemKeynesian Economics and a Design for ProsperityThe Bretton Woods Agreements The U.S. Rescue OperationOccupation and Recovery in JapanRecovery in Western Europe The American Economic PowerhouseGood Times ReturnDisney and the U.S. Economic Edge"Coca-colonization" and the Mass Consumption ModelEuropean Resistance to "Americanization" Conclusion

3. The Third World: First Tremors in Asia The Appeal of Revolution and the Strong StateThe Chinese Communist TriumphVietnam's Revolutionary Struggle New States under Conservative ElitesIndia's Status-quo IndependenceThe Collaborative Impulse in the Philippines Conclusion

PART II. THE COLD WAR SYSTEM UNDER STRESS, 1953-1968

4. The Cold War: A Tenuous Accommodation The Beginnings of Coexistence Khrushchev under PressureCrosscurrents in American Policy Crisis PointsTo the Nuclear Brink in CubaThe Vietnam Quagmire The Quake of ‘68The American EpicenterThe Ground Shifts Abroad Conclusion

5. Abundance and Discontent in the Developed World America at ApogeeTriumphant at Home and AbroadWarning Signs of Economic Troubles Recovery in Western Europe and JapanThe Old World's New CourseFiat and Europe's Corporate AristocracyThe Second Japanese Miracle Voices of DiscontentThe New EnvironmentalismThe Feminist UpsurgeCritics of Global Economic Inequalities Conclusion

6. Third World Hopes at High Tide Revolutionary Trajectories in East AsiaThe Maoist Experiment in ChinaVietnam's Fight for the South The Caribbean Basin: Between Reaction and RevolutionGuatemala's "Ten Years of Spring"Cuba and the Revolution that Survived Decolonization at High Tide in Sub-Saharan AfricaGhana and Nkrumah's African SocialismColonial Legacies in Ghana and Beyond Remaking North Africa and the Middle EastEconomic Nationalism in IranA New Order for Egypt and the RegionColonial Crisis in Algeria Conclusion

PART III. FROM COLD WAR TO GLOBALIZATION, 1968-1991

7. The Cold War comes to a Close The Rise and Fall of DétenteThe Nixon Policy TurnaroundThe Breshnev EraWestern Europe and DétenteThe U.S. Retreat from Détente The Gorbachev InitiativesGlasnost, Perestroika, and a New Foreign PolicyThe Demise of the Soviet System Explaining the Cold War OutcomeThe Role of LeadersImpersonal Forces Conclusion

8. Global Markets: One System, Three Centers The United States and the North American BlocThe Erosion of U.S. DominanceThe Free Market Faith The Rise of an East Asian BlocJapan Stays on CourseThe "Little Dragons" in Japan's ShadowCapitalism with Chinese CharacteristicsVietnam in China's Footsteps Revived Bloc Building in EuropeRenewed Integration and the E.U.Social and Cultural DevelopmentsPost-‘89 and the Opening to the East Conclusion

9. Divergent Paths in the Third World The Changing Face of RevolutionCambodia's Genocidal RevolutionReligious Challenge in IranRevolutionary Aftershock in the Middle East Opposition to Settler ColonialismSouth African Apartheid under SiegeConflict over PalestineRepression and Resistance in Guatemala Dreams of Development in DisarrayStalemated EconomiesThe Population ExplosionWomen and Development Conclusion

Conclusion: Globalization Ascendant, The 1990s and Beyond The Perils and Possibilities of GlobalizationEnvironmental StressesOne World or Two?An Emerging International Regime Globalization as U.S. Hegemony?"The American Century"Playing the Global PolicemanResistance Abroad