Hello,
I'd like some specific information about wages. I know TESL isn't necessarily a field to make loads of money, but I do want to know what to expect, as everyone's perception of what is "good" and "poor" pay is different.

How much would an entry level teacher in the US with an MA in TESOL expect to make teaching adults or young adults? In a community college? In a private setting? And -- even more specifically -- in California or another high cost of living state.

Which types of institutions do offer benefits?

And finally, how is the market for private tutoring, what's the typical hourly rate?

Community college, western Washington State - 40-60k, lots of vacation time, 1 year contracts. These seem to be tough jobs to get, but not impossible for the young and relatively inexperienced. I don't know how things have gotten since the crisis. You'd probably be better off getting a teaching certification for ESL in public schools and learning Spanish.