2
The hydra shown below is reproducing asexually. What percentage of the offspring’s genetic information is the same as the genetic information of the parent? (1) 25% (2) 75% (3) 50% (4) 100%

3
A plant produces tiny plants around the edges of its leaves. When these tiny plants fall to the ground, they take root and become new plants. This process is an example of (1) sexual reproduction (2) asexual reproduction (3) evolution (4) extinction

4
Asexually produced offspring are genetically (1) identical to the parent (2) different from the parent (3) different from each other (4) formed by two parents

9
The series of diagrams below shows a single-celled organism and its offspring that resulted from cell division over a period of 20 hours. If the organisms continue to reproduce asexually at this same rate, how many organisms will there be after 30 hours? (1) 6 (2) 8(3) 7 (4) 16

10
Naturally occurring variations within a species are mainly the result of mutations and (1) sexual reproduction (2) dynamic equilibrium (3) metabolism (4) camouflage

11
The diagram below shows information about the reproduction and development of a rabbit. Which letter in the diagram represents fertilization? (1)A (2)B (3) C (4) D

12
The diagram shows four stages in the development of a human after fertilization. Between stages A and D, which process must occur? (1) mutation (3) cell division (2) sexual reproduction (4) extinction

15
Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants? (1) Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow roots. (2) Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant. (3) Underground stems from a plant grow into new plants. (4) A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and grows.

16
The diagram below shows a cross section of a bean seed. The function of part X in the bean seed is to (1) provide protection for the embryo (2) provide nutrients for the embryo (3) prevent mutations in the plant (4) fight off infections in the plant.

17
When do organs and organ systems begin to develop in humans? (1)before fertilization (2) during childhood (2) before birth (4) during adulthood

18
What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans? (1)sperm (2) fertilized eggs (3) nutrients (4) sex cells

19
During which process does a caterpillar become a butterfly? (1) fertilization (2) metamorphosis (3) asexual reproduction (4) biological adaptation

21
Young frogs do not resemble adult frogs. Which term is given to this pattern of development in frogs? (1) asexual reproduction (2) cloning (3) metamorphosis (4) biological adaptation

22
In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of (1)blood (2) Calories (3) minerals (4) DNA

23
Which process involves choosing certain organisms to reproduce with one another in order to pass on specific, desirable traits to their offspring? (1) selective breeding (2) asexual reproduction (3) resource acquisition (4) natural selection

24
A Punnett square is shown below. The dominant trait is represented by R. The recessive trait is represented by r. What percentage of the offspring will most likely show the dominant trait? (1) 25% (2) 75%(3) 50% (4) 100%

25
Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that are composed of (1) hormones (2) DNA molecules (3) minerals and water (4) undigested food molecules

26
What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family? (1) pedigree chart (2) dichotomous key (3) energy pyramid (4) line graph

31
Compared to the amount of hereditary information in a human body cell, how much hereditary information is contained in a human sex cell? (1) one-quarter the amount (2) one-half the amount (3) the same amount (4) twice the amount

32
Base your answers to questions 34 through 36 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of science. The diagram shows a model of human inheritance. What is this model used to determine? (1) the possibility of having twins (2) the probability of a trait being passed on (3) the rate of mutation (4) the production of sex cells

33
What is the genetic makeup of the parents? (1)AA and aa (2) AA and AA (3) Aa and Aa (4) aa and aa

34
Why will Aa individuals have a straight hairline rather than a peaked hairline? (1) The peaked hairline occurs only in females. (2) The peaked hairline is a mutation. (3) The straight hairline is recessive. (4) The straight hairline is dominant.

35
A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of (1) competition (2) natural selection (3) selective breeding (4) ecological succession

36
A research team wanted to produce a smaller variety of German shepherd dogs. They mated the smallest dogs from different litters for several generations. This is an example of which concept? (1)extinction (2) selective breeding (3) mutation (4) natural selection