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The word mechatronics was originated from Japan (Yasakawa Electric Company) in the
late 1960s, spread through Europe, and is now commonly used round the globe.
“The word, mechatronics, is composed of ‘mecha’ from mechanism and the ‘tronics’
from electronics.
Mechatronics solves technological problems using interdisciplinary knowledge consisting
of mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer technology.
In 1996, Harashima, Tomizuka, and Fukuda defined mechatronics as being “the
synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, with electronics and intelligent computer
control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes.”
Bolton presented yet another definition by saying “a mechatronic system is not just a
marriage of electrical and mechanical systems and is more than just a control system; the
mechatronic system is a complete integration of them all.”
Mechatronics is the field of study concerned with the design, selection, analysis, and
control of systems that combine mechanical elements with electronic components,
including computers and/or microcontrollers.
Introduction to Mechatronics Systems

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Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of sensors, actuators, signal conditioning, power
electronics, decision and control algorithms, and computer hardware and software to
manage complexity, uncertainty, and communication in engineered systems.
Working definition
Graphical Representation of Mechatronics

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Information Revolution
• Development of VLSI technology led to the introduction of microprocessor,
microcomputer, and microcontroller.
• Now computing hardware is everywhere, cheap, and small.
• As computing hardware can be effortlessly interfaced with real world electromechanical
systems, it is now routinely embedded in engineered products/processes for decision-
making.
– Microcontrollers are replacing precision mechanical components, e.g., precision
machined camshaft that in many applications functions as a timing device.
– Programmability of microcontrollers is providing a versatile and flexible alternative to the
hard-wired analog/digital computational hardware.
– Integrated computer-electrical-mechanical devices are now capable of converting,
transmitting, and processing both the physical energy and the virtual energy (information).
• Result: Highly efficient products and processes are now being developed by
judicious selection and integration of sensors, actuators, signal conditioning, power
electronics, decision and control algorithms, and computer hardware and software.

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Advantages of Mechatronics
Cost effective and good quality products
High degree of flexibility to modify or redesign
Very good performance characteristics
Wide are of application
Greater productivity in case of manufacturing organization
Greater extend of machine utilization
Disadvantages of Mechatronics
High Initial cost
Multi-disciplinary engineering background required to design and implementation
Need of highly trained workers
Complexity in identification an correction of problems in the system

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Signals & Conditioning
Mechatronic system deals with two types of signals and conditioning , i.e.
Input & Output
Input devices receive input signals from the mechatronics system via
interfacing devices an sensors.
From sensors the signal is send to the control circuits for conditioning or
processing.
Various input signal conditioning devices are amplifiers, A2D, D2D converters .
Output signals from the system are send to the output/display devices through
interfacing devices
Various output signal conditioning devices are D2A, display decoders, power
transistors, op-amps.

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Digital Thermometer
The thermocouple is a transducer that converts temperature to a small voltage; the
amplifier increases the magnitude of the voltage; the A/D (analog-to-digital)
converter is a device that changes the analog signal to a coded digital signal; and the
LEDs (light emitting diodes) display the value of the temperature.

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Software & Data acquisition Systems
Data acquisition system acquires the output signals from sensors in the form of
voltage, frequency, resistance etc. an inputting into the microprocessor or
computer.
Software is used to control the acquisition of data through DAC board.
Data acquisition system consists of multiplexer, amplifier, register and control
circuits.
Software Examples: Ladder Logic, Visual C++, Visual Basic, Lab VIEW, MATLAB,
Lab Chart, LOX

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Computers and display devices
Computers are use to store large amount of data and process further through
software.
Display devices are used to give visual feedback to the user.
Display devices are LED, CRT, LCD, Digital displays etc.

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Measurement System
What is a system?
MOTOR
Input,
Electrical Power
Output,
Rotaion
Not concentrate on what goes on inside
Concentrate only on output & Input device
Measurement system?
Measuring Input quantity
Output
the value of
quantity
Measurement
System
ThermometerInput Temp.
Output
number on
scale

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Digital Thermometer
The thermocouple is a transducer that converts temperature to a small voltage; the
amplifier increases the magnitude of the voltage; the A/D (analog-to-digital)
converter is a device that changes the analog signal to a coded digital signal; and the
LEDs (light emitting diodes) display the value of the temperature.

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Control System
To control the output to some particular value or particular sequence of values
Central Heating
system
Input, required
temperature
Output, temperature at the set
value

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Difference between Open loop and Closed loop system
SI.No. Open loop system Closed loop system
1 Not using feedback Feedback using
2 Less accurate More accurate
3 Simple in construction Complicated in construction
4 Optimisation in control is not possible Optimisation in control is possible
5 Easy maintenance & cost is less Difficult to maintain & cost is more
6 Eg. CD deck, Digital thermometer Eg. Automatic water level, washing
machine