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Llano County

Tonkawa Indians occupied Central Texas at the time the future
Llano County was first explored, but it is uncertain how long they
had lived there. The Tonkawas hunted and gathered along streams and
did not farm. They were not warlike, however, and they apparently
invited the Spaniards to establish missions that would help them
against the fierce Comanches. The Comanches came into the Tonkawa
area in the eighteenth century and eventually claimed territory as
far southeast as San Antonio and Austin. During the Republic of
Texas era, conflict between whites and Comanches in the region was
marked by such battles as a fight at Enchanted Rock in 1841. The
first permanent settlers of European origin in the area were brought
in by the Adelsverein. German settlers established the town of New
Braunfels (now in Comal County) in 1845, and Fredericksburg (now in
Gillespie County) in 1846. In 1847 John O. Meusebach, the leader of
the German settlers, negotiated a treaty with the Comanches to
permit Germans to live in the area of the Fisher-Miller Land Grant,
which included what is now Llano County

Llano County was organized in 1856 after the Texas legislature
formed the county from the Bexar District and Gillespie County.
Donations of 250 acres were made for a site for the county seat. By
1858 the population exceeded 1,000, and cattle, hides, and pecans
were being exported. Farming was the chief occupation in the north
and ranching in the south. Germans predominated in the western parts
and Anglo-Americans in the other areas. By 1860 the county had
eighty-nine farms, encompassing 59,744 acres. The agricultural
census that year reported 21,344 cattle and 1,492 sheep in Llano
County, and the corn harvest exceeded 23,500 bushels. The United
States census found 1,101 people living in the county that year; of
these, 21 were slaveholders and 54 were slaves.[Ernest B. Speck, "LLANO COUNTY," Handbook of Texas Online,
Published by the Texas State Historical
Association.]

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