Refrigeration and Air Conditioning An Introduction to HVAC

9780130925718

0130925713

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Summary

Revised, updated, and pedagogically improved, this new edition of the classic in the field sets a new curriculum standard. Based on input from industry experts, the staff of the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, and many academic advisors, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Fourth Edition, reflects the state-of-the-art, as well as fundamental concepts, and practical applications. Some of the key features of this edition are: bull; bull;The text and lab manual mirror the ARI national curriculum guidelines and I.C.E. certification test requirements. bull;The text draws extensively upon field-tested materials from industry sources, relating concepts to real-world situations. bull;Full color photos and graphics. bull;Primarily written as a textbook, it is also organized to be used as a reference by technicians in the field. bull;Chapters and units cover single areas, making it easier to teach and learn. bull;Information has been gathered from technicians and industry leaders from various regions to more broadly represent the HVAC/R industry around the country. bull;Troubleshooting tips are included to help resolve problems in a quick and accurate manner. bull;Numerous sidebars highlight important technical tips, service tips, and safety tips.

Author Biography

Larry Jeffus is highly respected in both education and the refrigeration and air conditioning field, with more than 30 years of experience. His many years of dedicated service to his students and technical education were influential in leading Texas Governor Rick Perry to appoint Larry to the Texas Workforce Investment Council. Larry's aim in writing this book is to bring together, in a logical order, the data necessary to be successful in the HVAC/R industry. In doing this, he has been guided by his experience as a NATE Certified HVAC/R technician working in the field, as a teacher in the classroom, as a Texas licensed HVAC/R contractor, and as a consultant in the refrigeration and air conditioning field. He provides an excellent blend of theory with job-qualifying skill development and uses color photographs and line drawings that make the principles and service information easy to understand.

Table of Contents

SECTION I Fundamentals

1

(152)

1 Introduction

2

(39)

Unit 1 Introduction to Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration

2

(8)

Unit 2 Fundamentals

10

(15)

Unit 3 Safety

25

(11)

Unit 4 Temperature, Measurement, and Conversion

36

(5)

2 Tools, Meters, and Measuring Devices

41

(29)

Unit 1 Hand Power Tools

41

(11)

Unit 2 Electrical Measuring and Testing Devices/Meters

52

(6)

Unit 3 Refrigerant Servicing and Testing Equipment

58

(8)

Unit 4 Heating-Servicing and Testing Equipment

66

(4)

3 HVAC/R Practices

70

(83)

Unit 1 drawings and Blueprint Reading

70

(22)

Unit 2 Basic Building Construction

92

(12)

Unit 3 Screws, Rivets, Staples, and Other Fasteners

104

(10)

Unit 4 Brazing, Soldering, and Welding

114

(22)

Unit 5 Piping and Tubing

136

(5)

Unit 6 HVAC/R Math

141

(3)

Unit 7 Computers

144

(9)

SECTION II Refrigeration Principles

153

(198)

4 Principles of Matter and Thermodynamics

154

(40)

Unit 1 Principles of Matter

154

(10)

Unit 2 Thermodynamics

164

(5)

Unit 3 Fluid Pressure and Gas Laws

169

(11)

Unit 4 Refrigeration Cycle

180

(14)

5 Air Conditioning and Refrigeration system Components

194

(107)

Unit 1 System Components and Operation

194

(16)

Unit 2 Compressors

210

(26)

Unit 3 Evaporators

236

(22)

Unit 4 Condensers

258

(15)

Unit 5 Metering Devices

273

(11)

Unit 6 Refrigerant Piping

284

(17)

6 Refrigerants

301

(50)

Unit 1 Refrigerants

301

(13)

Unit 2 Accessing Sealed Systems

314

(11)

Unit 3 Refrigerant Management

325

(16)

Unit 4 Refrigerant Charging

341

(10)

SECTION III Electricity

351

(130)

7 Basic Electricity

352

(56)

Unit 1 Basic Electricity

352

(12)

Unit 2 Electrical Power

364

(11)

Unit 3 Electrical Meters

375

(9)

Unit 4 Electric Motors

384

(24)

8 Electrical Diagrams and Controls

408

(73)

Unit 1 Electrical Components and Wiring Diagrams

408

(24)

Unit 2 Controls

432

(24)

Unit 3 Wiring Diagrams

456

(25)

SECTION IV Residential Systems

481

(168)

9 Central Residential Air Conditioning

482

(23)

Unit 1 Air Conditioning

482

(12)

Unit 2 Troubleshooting Air Conditioning Systems

494

(11)

10 Central Residential Gas Warm Air Heating

505

(58)

Unit 1 Combustion and Fuels

505

(8)

Unit 2 Warm Air Furnaces

513

(11)

Unit 3 Installation, Startup, Checkout, and Operation

524

(7)

Unit 4 Controls

531

(20)

Unit 5 Troubleshooting Gas Heating systems

551

(12)

11 Central Residential Oil Warm Air Heating

563

(33)

Unit 1 Oil Fired Forced Air systems

563

(16)

Unit 2 Oil service

579

(9)

Unit 3 Troubleshooting Oil Heating Systems

588

(8)

12 Central Residential Electric Warm Air Heating

596

(17)

Unit 1 Electric Furnace

596

(9)

Unit 2 Troubleshooting Electric Furnaces

605

(8)

13 Central Residential Heat Pump Systems

613

(36)

Unit 1 Types of Heat Pump systems

613

(6)

Unit 2 Heat Pump Components

619

(12)

Unit 3 Air and Water Source Applications

631

(8)

Unit 4 Troubleshooting Heat Pump Systems

639

(10)

SECTION V Indoor Air Systems

649

(134)

14 Air Distribution

650

(53)

Unit 1 Duct systems

650

(22)

Unit 2 Zone Control systems

672

(11)

Unit 3 Testing and Balancing

683

(20)

15 Indoor Air Quality

703

(29)

Unit 1 Fundamentals of Air Conditioning

703

(12)

Unit 2 indoor Air Quality

715

(7)

Unit 3 Filters and Humidifiers

722

(10)

16 Load Calculaton

732

(51)

Unit 1 Refrigeration Load Calculations

732

(31)

Unit 2 Residential Load Calculations

763

(20)

SECTION VI Commercial Systems

783

(188)

17 Packaged Heating/Cooling Systems

784

(51)

Unit 1 Air Conditioning systems

784

(17)

Unit 2 Air Handling Units and Accessories

801

(9)

Unit 3 Package Unit Conditioned Air Control Systems

810

(5)

Unit 4 Troubleshooting Refrigeration Systems

815

(20)

18 Commercial Refrigeration

835

(68)

Unit 1 Refrigeration systems

835

(18)

Unit 2 Refrigeration Equipment

853

(7)

Unit 3 Special Components

860

(9)

Unit 4 Restaurant and Supermarket Equipment

869

(23)

Unit 5 Food Preservation

892

(11)

19 Central Plant Hydronis systems

903

(68)

Unit 1 Air Handling Units

903

(18)

Unit 2 Water Chillers

921

(10)

Unit 3 Hydronis Heating

931

(14)

Unit 4 Boilers and Related Equipment

945

(8)

Unit 5 Cooling Towers

953

(11)

Unit 6 Thermal Storage Systems

964

(7)

SECTION VII Unitary Systems

971

(22)

20 Appliances

972

(21)

Unit 1 Space Heaters

972

(9)

Unit 2 Special Refrigeration Applications

981

(12)

SECTION VIII Employment Skills

993

(34)

21 Job Skills

994

(33)

Unit 1 Installation Techniques

994

(12)

Unit 2 Planned Maintenance

1006

(11)

Unit 3 Being a Professional HVAC/R Technician

1017

Appendices

Temperature Conversions

1027

(2)

Properties of Refrigerants

1029

(31)

Commonly Used HVAC/R Formulas

1060

(4)

Tables and Figures with Useful HVAGR Data

1064

(3)

English Language Glossary

1067

(15)

Spanish Language Glossary

1082

(19)

Index

1101

Excerpts

The refrigeration and air conditioning industry today presents a continually growing and changing series of opportunities for skilled technicians. Despite economic ups and downs, there is always a positive job outlook in the HVAC/R market. Because of new technologies and steady growth, the demand for technicians grows ever greater. In addition, our health and comfort depend on new developments in the refrigeration, air conditioning, ventilation, and heating fields. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning: An Introduction to HVAC/R, Fourth Edition,is an excellent resource for beginners and apprentices to start and pursue a pleasant and profitable career in the HVAC/R field. Refrigeration, air conditioning, ventilation, and heating have dramatically expanded in the variety of available equipment and applications. This text contains all the most recent information and the advances necessary to prepare the technician for today''s world. It incorporates the latest technical changes and EPA rulings, covers the newer refrigerants, and provides current information on the recovery, reclaiming, and recycling of refrigerants. It also contains basic information on the many certification exams. Material is presented in an easily understood format intended for use in HVAC/R, classes in high schools, technical schools, and community colleges, or for those just wanting current information. This book will give students a solid foundation for success in the HVAC/R trades and serve as a great reference source for technicians in the field. A thorough study of this book in a classroom setting will help students prepare for the many career opportunities in HVACIR,, from installation and servicing to maintaining air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. The extensive descriptions of equipment and supplies with in-depth explanations of their operation and function will familiarize students with the tools of the trade. The text also discusses occupational opportunities in the field and explains the training required. Students preparing for a career in HVAC/R will need not only technical skills, but also need to be able to follow written and verbal instructions, work with or without supervision, read and interpret diagrams and formulas, work well with tools and equipment, communicate effectively both verbally and in writing, be alert to possible problems and safety issues, and be able to keep up with the latest HVAC/R, technologies. This book addresses all of these requirements. ORGANIZATION OF THIS TEXT The chapters are logically organized into sections that include: Fundamentals(Introduction; Tools, Meters, and Measuring Devices; HVAC/R, Practices) Refrigeration Principles(Principles of Matter and Thermodynamics; Air Conditioning and Refrigeration System Components; Refrigerants) Electricity(Basic Electricity; Electrical Diagrams and Controls) Residential Systems(Central Residential Air Conditioning; Central Residential Gas Warm Air Heating; Central Residential Oil Warm Air Heating; Central Residential Electric Warm Air Heating; Central Residential Heat Pump Systems) Indoor Air Systems(Air Distribution; Indoor Air Quality; Load Calculation) Commercial Systems(Packaged Heating/ Cooling Systems; Commercial Refrigeration; Central Plant Hydronic Systems) Unitary Systems(Appliances) Employment Skills(Job Skills) Appendices(Temperature Conversions; Properties of Refrigerants; Commonly Used HVAC/R Formulas; and Tables and Figures with Useful HVAC/R Data) At the beginning of each chapter is a list of objectives. These objectives identify the topics covered and goals to be achieved in the chapter. All the chapters contain boxed features on Tech Tips, Service Tips, Safety Warnings, Tech Talk,and facts that are just Nice to Know.All chapters end with review questions to determine how well the student is learning the material. There are many tables that contain technical data and troubleshooting information throughout the book. These tables contain information that will help the reader diagnose and repair common problems. A list of these helpful tables is provided in Appendix D so they can be easily referenced once you have finished your studies of this book. Color is used extensively in this edition to enhance understanding and highlight important information. Hundreds of bright and clear color photographs help students grasp the subject material. Finally, both English- and Spanish-Language glossaries are provided at the end of the book. ANCILLARY MATERIALS Student CD with full motion animations of many of the basic HVAC/R concepts. A comprehensive instructor package is available free when the text is adopted for classroom use from Prentice Hall (call 1-800-526-0485 or visit online at www.prenhall.com). This instructor package includes the following: PowerPointpresentation on topics covered in the text. Instructor CD with suggested student activities, a test bank, photo library with hundreds of digital color photos, as well as many other useful elements for the classroom. Answers to all questions in the textbook. Computerized test generator.