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A road-condition determining unit determines the condition of a
travelling road on which a vehicle is travelling. When a predetermined
condition is satisfied, a stopping controller operates a braking
mechanism to perform an automatic stop process of stopping the vehicle,
and uses a steering mechanism to change the orientation of steered wheels
of the vehicle in accordance with the condition of the travelling road
which is determined by the road-condition determining unit when the
automatic stop process is to end.

1. A vehicle control apparatus controlling an operation of a vehicle
provided with a steering unit and a braking unit, the steering unit
changing a direction of a steered wheel, the braking unit braking a
wheel, the apparatus comprising: a road-condition determining unit that
determines a condition of a travelling road on which the vehicle is
travelling; and a stopping controller that, when a predetermined
condition is satisfied, performs an automatic stop process by operating
the braking unit, to stop the vehicle and causes the steering unit to
change the direction of the steered wheel of the vehicle in accordance
with the condition of the travelling road determined by the
road-condition determining unit, the changed direction of the steered
wheel being maintained when the automatic stop process ends.

2. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when the
road-condition determining unit determines that the travelling road is a
downhill road on which a curb is present along a road edge, the stopping
controller ends the automatic stop process in a state in which the
steered wheel of the vehicle is directed toward the curb, and, when the
road-condition determining unit determines that the travelling road is an
uphill road on which the curb is present along the road edge, the
stopping controller ends the: automatic stop process in a state in which
the steered wheel of the vehicle is directed away from the curb.

3. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when the
road-condition determining unit determines that the travelling road is a
downhill road on which an object is present on a median strip, the
stopping controller ends the automatic stop process in a state in which
the steered wheel of the vehicle is directed toward the object, and, when
the road-condition determining unit determines that the travelling road
is an uphill road on which the object is present on the median strip, the
stopping controller ends the automatic stop process in a state in which
the steered wheel of the vehicle is directed away from the object.

4. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, in the
automatic stop process, when the road-condition determining unit
determines that the travelling road is a road on which the curb is
present along the road edge and on which a first object is present on a
median strip, the stopping controller causes the vehicle to be pulled
over to a closer one chosen from among the curb and the first object, the
vehicle being located closer to the closer one than the other, and causes
the vehicle to stop, and wherein, when the road-condition determining
unit, determines that the travelling road, is a downhill road, the
stopping controller ends the automatic stop process in a state in which
the steered wheel of the vehicle is directed toward the closer one, and,
when the road-condition determining unit determines that the travelling
road is an uphill road, the stopping controller ends the automatic stop
process in a state in which the steered wheel of the vehicle is directed
away from the closer one.

5. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising: a nearby-vehicle determining unit, that determines a
condition about another vehicle which is present around the vehicle,
wherein, when the predetermined condition is satisfied, if the
road-condition determining unit, determines that the travelling road
includes two lanes or more on each side, and is a road on which a curb is
present along a road edge and on which an object is present on a median
strip, and if the road-condition determining unit also determines that
the vehicle is travelling In a lane closest to the median strip, the
stopping controller determines whether or not a condition in which a lane
change is allowed to be made without coming into contact with the other
vehicle is satisfied on the basis of the condition about the other
vehicle which is present nearby, the condition about the other vehicle
being determined by the nearby-vehicle determining unit, the lane change
being a lane change to a lane along which the curb is present, wherein,
if the condition in which the lane change is allowed to be made is
satisfied, the stopping controller causes the lane change to be made and
then causes the vehicle to stop, and wherein, if the condition in which
the lane change is allowed to be made is not satisfied in a predetermined
length of time, the stopping controller does not cause the lane change to
be made, and causes the vehicle to stop in the lane closest to the median
strip.

6. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when the
automatic stop process is performed to stop the vehicle in an available
stopping area which is an area located outside the travelling road, the
stopping controller ends the automatic stop process in a state in which
the steered wheel of the vehicle is directed away from a center area of
the travelling road.

7. The vehicle control apparatus according to: claim 1, wherein, when the
road-condition determining unit determines that a to-be-avoided area is
present alongside the travelling road, the stopping controller ends the
automatic stop process in a state in which the steered wheel of the
vehicle is directed away from the to-be-avoided area.

8. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
road-condition determining unit determines the condition of the
travelling road on the basis of at least one of a recognition result and
a checking result, the recognition result being obtained by an external
area recognition sensor equipped to the vehicle, the checking result
being obtained by checking map information against a current position of
the vehicle.

9. A vehicle control apparatus controlling an operation of a vehicle
provided with a steering unit and a braking unit, the steering unit
changing a direction of a steered wheel, the braking unit braking a
wheel, the apparatus comprising: a road-condition determining unit that
determines a condition of a travelling road on which the vehicle is
travelling; and a stopping controller that, when a predetermined
condition is satisfied, performs an automatic stop process of causing the
steering unit and the braking unit to stop the vehicle parallel to the
travelling road, and then causing the steering unit to change the
direction of the steered wheel of the vehicle in a direction nonparallel
to a forward direction of the travelling road in accordance with the
condition of the travelling road determined by the road-condition
determining unit.

10. A vehicle control apparatus controlling an operation of a vehicle
provided with a steering unit that changes a direction of a steered
wheel, the apparatus comprising: a road-condition determining unit that
determines a condition of a currently-vehicle-located road which is a
road on which the vehicle is located; and a stopping controller that,
when the vehicle stops, if the road-condition determining unit determines
that the currently-vehicle-located road is a road on which a curb is
present along a road edge and which has a gradient, performs an
upon-stopping steering-direction changing process of changing the
direction of the steered wheel of the vehicle in accordance with the
gradient of the currently-vehicle-located road.

11. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 10, further
comprising: a vehicle-position determining unit that determines a region
in which the vehicle is located, wherein, when the vehicle-position
determining unit determines that the vehicle is located in a specific
area, the stopping controller performs the upon-stopping
steering-direction changing process.

12. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
stopping controller stops the vehicle and then changes the direction of
the steered wheel of the vehicle.

13. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the
stopping controller detects whether the vehicle has stopped, and if so,
performs the upon-stopping steering-direction changing process.

14. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, when
the vehicle-position determining unit determines that the vehicle is
located outside the specific area, the stopping controller does not
perform the upon-stopping steering-direction changing process.

Description

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119
to Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-209053, filed Oct. 23, 2015,
entitled "VEHICLE CONTROL APPARATUS." The contents of this application
are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a vehicle control apparatus that
exerts control to maintain stopping of a vehicle.

BACKGROUND

[0003] In the related art, a vehicle stop control apparatus has been
proposed in which, when a vehicle in which each of the wheels is capable
of being; independently steered is stopped, one or more wheels are
steered to the toe-in side or the toe-out side, whereby friction force
exerted between the steered wheels and the road surface prevents the
vehicle from moving forward or backward (for example, see Japanese
Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2014-201217).

[0004] In addition, a travelling control apparatus has been proposed in
which, when decrease in alertness of a driver is detected, the vehicle is
stopped after making a lane change to the leftmost lane (for example, see
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-118424).

[0005] By using the vehicle stop control apparatus described in Japanese
Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2014-201217, when only one
wheel is steered to the toe-in side or the toe-out side, an insufficient
friction force exerted between the wheel and the road may cause the
vehicle to move. To steer two or more wheels to the toe-in side or the
toe-out side, a configuration needs to be employed in which a set of
wheels is capable of being independently steered, which disadvantageous
makes the configuration of the vehicle complicated.

[0006] In addition, no consideration to the orientation of wheels during
stopping of the vehicle is given to the travelling control apparatus
described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2003-118424.

SUMMARY

[0007] It is desirable, for example, to provide a vehicle control
apparatus that is capable of keeping a vehicle in a stopping state,
without using a complicated configuration.

[0008] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is
provided a vehicle control apparatus controlling an operation of a
vehicle provided with a steering unit and a braking unit. The, steering
unit changes an orientation of a steered wheel. The braking unit brakes a
wheel. The apparatus includes a road-condition determining unit and a
stopping controller. The road-condition determining unit determines a
condition of a travelling road on which the vehicle is travelling. When a
predetermined condition is satisfied, the stopping controller performs an
automatic stop process of operating the braking unit to stop the vehicle.
The stopping controller causes the steering unit to change the
orientation of the steered wheel of the vehicle in accordance with the
condition of the travelling road. The condition of the travelling road is
determined by the road-condition determining unit. The changed
orientation is maintained when the automatic stop process ends.

[0009] According to the first aspect, in the automatic stop process
performed to stop the vehicle, the stopping controller causes the
steering unit to change the orientation of the steered wheel of the
vehicle in accordance with the condition of the travelling road when the
automatic stop process is to end. Thus, by using the condition of the
travelling road, a state in which the vehicle moves due to its own weight
or the like may be prevented without employing a complicated
configuration.

[0010] When the road-condition determining unit determines that the
travelling road is a downhill road on which a curb is present along a
road, edge, the stopping controller may end the automatic stop process in
a state in which the steered wheel of the vehicle is oriented toward the
curb. When the road-condition determining unit determines that the
travelling road is an uphill road on which a curb is present along a road
edge, the stopping controller may end the automatic stop process in a
state in which the steered wheel of the vehicle is oriented away from the
curb.

[0011] According to this configuration, a state in which the gradient of
the travelling road causes the vehicle to move due to its own weight may
be prevented by using the steered wheel in contact with the curb.

[0012] When the road-condition determining unit determines that the
travelling road is a downhill road on which an object is present on a
median strip, the stopping controller may end the automatic stop process
in a state in which the steered wheel of the vehicle is oriented toward
the object. When the road-condition determining unit determines that the
travelling road is an uphill road on which an object is present on a
median strip, the stopping controller may end the automatic stop process
in a state in which the steered wheel of the vehicle is oriented away
from the object.

[0013] According to this configuration, a stats in which the gradient of
the travelling road causes the vehicle to move due to its own weight may
be prevented, by using the steered, wheel in contact with the object.

[0014] In the automatic stop process, when the road-condition determining
unit determines that the travelling road is a road on which a curb is
present along a road edge and on which a first object is present on a
median strip, the stopping controller may cause the vehicle to be pulled
over to a closer object chosen from among the curb and the first object,
the closer object being closer to the vehicle, and may cause the vehicle
to stop. When the road-condition determining unit determines that the
travelling road is a downhill road, the stopping controller may end the
automatic stop process in a state in which the steered wheel of the
vehicle is oriented toward the closer object. When the road-condition
determining unit determines that the travelling road is an uphill road,
the stopping controller may end the automatic stop process in a state in
which the steered wheel of the vehicle is oriented away from the closer
object. The closer object is an object to which the vehicle is pulled
over. The closer object is chosen from among the curb and the first
object.

[0015] According to this configuration, when the travelling road is a road
on which a curb is present along a road edge and on which a first object
is present on the median strip, the vehicle may be quickly pulled over to
an object that is closer to: the: vehicle and that is chosen from among
the curb and the first object, and may be kept in a stopping state.

[0016] The vehicle control apparatus may further include a nearby-vehicle
determining unit that determines a condition about another vehicle which
is present around the vehicle. When the predetermined condition is,
satisfied, if the road-condition determining unit determines that the
travelling road having two lanes or more on each side is a road on which
a curb is present along a road edge and on which an object is present on
a median strip, and if the road-condition determining unit also
determines that the vehicle is travelling in a lane closest to the median
strip, the stopping controller may determine whether or not a condition
in which a lane change is allowed to be made without coming into contact
with the other vehicle is satisfied on the basis of the condition about
the other vehicle which is present nearby. The condition about the other
vehicle is determined by the nearby-vehicle determining unit. The lane
change is a lane change to a lane along which the curb is present. If the
condition in which the lane change is allowed to be made is satisfied,
the stopping controller may cause the lane change to be made and then may
cause the vehicle to stop. If the condition in which the lane change is
allowed to be made is not satisfied, in a predetermined time, the;
stopping controller may not cause the lane change to be made, and may
cause the vehicle to stop in a lane closest to the median strip.

[0017] According to this configuration, in the case where the travelling
road has multiple lanes, and where the vehicle is travelling on a lane
closest to the median strip, when the condition in which a lane change
may be made is satisfied in a predetermined time, a lane change to the
lane along which the curb is present is made, whereby the vehicle may be
stopped in a safer state.

[0018] When the automatic stop process is performed to stop the vehicle in
an available stopping area which is an area other than the travelling
road, the stopping controller may end the automatic stop process in a
state in which the steered wheel of the vehicle is oriented away from a
center area of the travelling road.

[0019] According to this configuration, when the vehicle is to be stopped
in an available stopping area in which a vehicle may be stopped and which
is an area other than the travelling road, the vehicle may be prevented
from moving from the available stopping area to the road.

[0020] When the road-condition determining unit determines that a
to-be-avoided area is present alongside the travelling road, the stopping
controller may end the automatic stop process in a state in which the
steered wheel of the vehicle is oriented, away from the to-be-avoided
area.

[0021] According to this configuration, the vehicle may be prevented from
moving to the to-be-avoided area (such as a cliff or a gutter) which is
present alongside the travelling road.

[0022] The road-condition determining unit may determine the condition of
the travelling road on the basis of at least one of a recognition result
and a checking result. The recognition result is obtained by an external
recognition sensor provided for the vehicle. The checking result is
obtained by checking map information against a current position of the
vehicle.

[0023] According to this configuration, by using the external recognition
sensor (such as a camera or a radar) provided for the vehicle, or by
using a checking result obtained by checking the map information for
navigation which is provided for the vehicle against the current position
of the vehicle, the road-condition determining unit may be configured.

[0024] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is
provided a vehicle control apparatus controlling an operation of a
vehicle provided with a steering unit and a braking unit. The steering
unit changes an orientation of a steered wheel. The braking unit brakes a
wheel. The apparatus includes a road-condition determining unit and a
stopping controller. The road-condition determining unit determines a
condition of a travelling road on which the vehicle is travelling. When a
predetermined condition is satisfied, the stopping controller performs an
automatic stop process of causing the steering unit and the braking unit
to stop the vehicle parallel to the travelling road, and then causing the
steering unit to orient the steered wheel of the vehicle in a direction
nonparallel to a forward direction of the travelling road in accordance
with the condition of the travelling road. The condition of the
travelling road is determined by the road-condition determining unit.

[0025] According to the second aspect, after the vehicle is stopped
parallel to the travelling road, the steering unit is used to orient the
steered wheel of the vehicle in a direction nonparallel to the forward
direction of the travelling road in accordance with the condition of the
travelling road which is determined by the road-condition determining
unit, whereby the vehicle may be prevented from moving.

[0026] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is
provided a vehicle control apparatus controlling an operation of a
vehicle provided with a steering unit that changes an orientation of a
steered wheel. The apparatus includes a road-condition determining unit
and a stopping controller. The road-condition determining unit determines
a condition of a currently-vehicle-located road which is a road on which
the vehicle is located. When the vehicle stops, if the road-condition
determining unit determines that the currently-vehicle-located road is a
road on which a curb is present along a road edge and which has a
gradient, the stopping controller performs an upon-stopping
steering-direction changing process of changing the orientation of the
steered wheel of the vehicle in accordance with the gradient of the
currently-vehicle-located road.

[0027] According to the third aspect, when the vehicle is stopped on a
road which has a gradient and on which a curb is present along a road
edge, the orientation of the steered wheel of the vehicle is changed in
accordance with the gradient of the travelling road, whereby the gradient
may be prevented from causing the vehicle to move due to its own weight.

[0028] The vehicle control apparatus may further include a
vehicle-position determining unit that determines a region in which the
vehicle is located. When the vehicle-position determining unit determines
that the vehicle is located in a specific area, the stopping controller
may perform the upon-stopping steering-direction changing process.

[0029] According to this configuration, when the vehicle is to stop in the
specific area in which the orientation of the steered wheel during
stopping of the vehicle is regulated, change of the orientation of the
steered wheel according to the regulation may be assisted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The advantages of the disclosure will become apparent in the
following description taken in conjunction with the following drawings.

[0031] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a vehicle in
which one embodiment of a vehicle control apparatus is mounted.

[0032] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the vehicle
control apparatus.

[0033] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of operations performed by one embodiment of
a stopping controller.

[0034] FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing an automatic stop process for a
downhill road on which curbs are present along the road edges.

[0035] FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing an automatic stop process for an
uphill road on which curbs are present along the road edges.

[0036] FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing an automatic stop process for a
downhill road on which an object is present on the median strip.

[0037] FIG. 7 is a diagram for describing an automatic stop process for an
uphill road on which an object is present on the median strip.

[0038] FIG. 8 is a diagram for describing an automatic stop process for a
downhill road on which curbs are present along the road edges and on
which an object is present on the median strip.

[0039] FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing an automatic stop process for a
road having two lanes on each side.

[0040] FIG. 10 is a diagram :for describing an automatic stop process
performed when a stopping space is provided in an area other than traffic
lanes.

[0041] FIG. 11 is a diagram for describing an automatic stop process
performed in the case where no curbs are present along the road edges and
where a to-be-avoided area is present in an area outside a road edge.

[0042] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a steering process performed, when a
vehicle is stopped through an operation performed by a driver in one
embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with
reference to FIGS. 1 to 11.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 1, a vehicle control apparatus 10 according to an
embodiment of the present disclosure is mounted in a vehicle 1 provided
with a front camera 2a, a right side camera 2b, a left side camera 2c,
and a rear camera 2d (the cameras 2a to 2d are hereinafter collectively
called cameras 2, and correspond to an external recognition sensor
provided in the present disclosure), a steering mechanism 7 (which
corresponds to a steering unit provided in the present disclosure)
including a steering 7a, a braking mechanism 3 (which corresponds to a
braking unit-provided in the present disclosure), a navigation apparatus
30, and the like.

[0045] The steering mechanism 7 changes the orientation of front wheels
(steered wheels) 51 and 52 among wheels 51 to 54 of the vehicle 1. The
braking mechanism 8 controls rotation of the wheels 51 to 54 to
decelerate the vehicle 1. The vehicle control apparatus 10 controls the
entire operations of the vehicle 1.

[0046] Referring to FIG. 2, the vehicle control apparatus 10 which is an
electronic circuit unit constituted by a central processing unit (CPU), a
memory, an interface circuit, and the like (not illustrated) uses the CPU
to execute programs that are used to control the vehicle 1 and that are
stored in the memory, thereby functioning as a road-condition determining
unit 11, a nearby-vehicle determining unit. 12, a vehicle-position
determining unit 13, an alertness determining unit 14, and a stopping
controller 15. These function may be embodied by hardware such as
circuitry.

[0047] The vehicle control apparatus 10 receives images of the
surroundings of the vehicle 1 which are captured by the cameras 2. In
addition, the vehicle control apparatus 10 receives detection signals
from a vehicle speed sensor 20, a yaw rate sensor 21, a steering angle
sensor 22 (which detects the steering angle of the steered wheels 51 and
52), a torque sensor 23 (which detects an operating torque applied to the
steering 7a), an accelerator pedal sensor 24 (which detects the
operational condition of an accelerator pedal which is not illustrated),
and an inclination angle sensor 26 (which detects the inclination angle
of the road on which the vehicle 1 is traveling) which are provided for
the vehicle 1, and an operation signal from an emergency stop switch 27
(a switch for instructing the vehicle 1 to make an emergency stop).

[0048] Control signals which are output from the vehicle control apparatus
10 are used to control operations of a speaker 5, an indicator 6, the
steering mechanism 7, the braking mechanism 3, and the navigation
apparatus 30. The navigation apparatus 30 which is provided with a global
positioning system (GPS) unit 31 detecting the current position of the
vehicle 1 and which is also provided with a map database 32 storing map
data provides route guidance to a destination,

[0049] The road-condition determining unit 11 determines conditions of a
road (travelling road) on which the vehicle 1 is travelling, on the basis
of the images of the surroundings of the vehicle 1 which are captured by
using the cameras 2, the current position which is the position of the
vehicle 1 on the map and which is determined by the navigation apparatus
30 (the current position on the map is determined from the result
obtained by checking the current position of the vehicle 1 against the
map information), and the inclination of the road which is detected by
the inclination angle sensor 26, and the like. A configuration may be
employed in which the road-condition determining unit 11 determines the
conditions of the road on the basis of either one or all of a set of the
images of the surroundings of the vehicle 1 which are captured by the
cameras 2 and the current position of the vehicle 1 on the map which is
determined by the navigation apparatus 30.

[0050] The nearby-vehicle determining unit 12 determines nearby vehicles
which are present around the vehicle 1, on the basis of images of the
surroundings of the vehicle 1 which are captured by using the cameras 2.
The vehicle-position determining unit 13 determines a lane on which the
vehicle 1 is travelling, on the basis of images of the surroundings of
the vehicle 1 which are captured by using the cameras 2 and the current
position of the vehicle 1 on the map which is determined by the
navigation apparatus 30. The alertness determining unit 14 detects the
condition of driving operations performed by the driver, on the basis of
detection signals from the torque sensor 23 and the accelerator pedal
sensor 24. When a condition in which driving operations have not been
performed has been continued for a predetermined time or more, the
alertness determining unit 14 determines that the alertness of the driver
has decreased.

[0051] When an emergency stop condition (which corresponds to a
predetermined condition provided in the present disclosure) is satisfied
while the vehicle 1 is travelling, the stopping controller 15 operates
the steering mechanism 7 and the braking mechanism 8 to perform an
automatic stop process of stopping the vehicle 1. In the present
embodiment, a case in which the emergency stop switch 27 is operated and
a case in which the alertness determining unit 14 determines that the
alertness of the driver has decreased are set as the predetermined
condition.

First Embodiment

[0052] Referring to FIGS. 3 to 9, an automatic stop process performed by
the stopping controller 15 will be described.

[0053] The stopping controller 15 performs a process according to the
flowchart illustrated in FIG. 3. In STEP 1, if the emergency stop
condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to STEP 2 in which an
automatic stop process is started. In STEP 2, the stopping controller 15
determines the number of traffic lanes, the presence/absence of curbs
along the road edges, the presence/absence of an object on the median
strip, and the gradient of the road (an uphill gradient or a downhill
gradient) as the conditions of the road (travelling road) on which the
vehicle 1 is travelling, on the basis of the determination results
obtained by the road-condition determining unit 11.

[0054] In STEP 3 which is the next step, the stopping controller 15
determines whether or not multiple traffic lanes are present. If multiple
traffic lanes are present, the process branches to STEP 10. If multiple
traffic lanes are not present (one lane on each side), the process
proceeds to STEP 4,

[0055] In STEP 4, the stopping controller 15 performs an automatic stop
process in accordance with the presence/absence of curbs along the road
edges, the presence/absence of an object on the median strip, and the
gradient of the road. Referring to FIGS. 4 to 8, an automatic stop
process which does not involve a lane change will be described below.
[0056] 1-1. In the Case of Presence of Curbs, Absence of Object on Median
Strip, And Downhill Gradient

[0057] An automatic: stop process performed, when the road on which the
vehicle 1 (host vehicle) is travelling is determined, as illustrated in
FIG. 4, to be a downhill road on which curbs 60 and 62 are installed
along the road edges and on which an object is not installed on a median
strip 61 will be described. An oncoming vehicle 200 is present.

[0058] As illustrated by using R1, the stopping controller 15 operates the
steering mechanism 7 and the braking mechanism 8 so that the vehicle 1 is
decelerated, is pulled over to the curb 60 and stopped. Then, the
stopping controller 15 operates the steering mechanism 7 so that the
steered wheels 51 and 52 are oriented toward the curb 60, and ends the
automatic stop process. Thus, the steered wheels 51 and 52 are oriented
toward the curb 60, whereby the steered wheel 51 in contact with the curb
60 may prevent the vehicle 1 from moving forward due to its own weight.
[0059] 1-2. In the Case of Presence of Curbs, Absence of Object on Median
Strip, And Uphill Gradient

[0060] An automatic stop process performed when the road on which the
vehicle 1 is travelling is determined, as illustrated in FIG. 5, to be an
uphill road on which the curbs 60 and are installed along the road edges
and on which an object is not installed on the median strip 61 will be
described.

[0061] As illustrated by using R2, the stopping controller 15 operates the
steering mechanism 7 and the braking mechanism 8 so that the vehicle 1 is
decelerated, is pulled over to the curb 60 and stopped. Then, the
stopping controller 15 operates the steering mechanism 7 so that the
steered wheels 51 and 52 are oriented away from the curb 60, and ends the
automatic stop process. Thus, the steered wheels 51 and 52 are oriented
away from the curb 60, whereby the steered wheel 51 in contact with the
curb 60 may prevent the vehicle 1 from moving backward due to its own
weight. [0062] 1-3. In the Case of Absence of Curbs, Presence of Object
on Median Strip, And Downhill Gradient

[0063] An automatic stop process performed when the road on which the
vehicle 1 is travelling is determined, as illustrated in FIG. 6, to be a
downhill road on which no curbs are installed along road edges 63 and 65
and on which an object 64 is installed on the median strip will be
described.

[0064] As illustrated by using R3, the stopping controller 15 operates the
steering mechanism 7 and the braking mechanism 8 so that the vehicle 1 is
decelerated, is pulled over to the object 64 and stopped. Then, the
stopping controller 15 operates the steering mechanism 7 so that the
steered wheels 51 and 52 are oriented toward the object 64, and ends the
automatic stop process. Thus, the steered wheels 51 and 52 are oriented
toward the object 64, whereby the steered wheel 52 in contact with the
object 64 may prevent the vehicle 1 from moving forward due to its own
weight. [0065] 1-4. In the Case of Absence of Curbs, Presence of Object
on Median Strip, And Uphill Gradient

[0066] An automatic stop process performed when the road on which the
vehicle 1 is travelling is determined, as illustrated in FIG. 7, to be an
uphill road on which no curbs are installed along the road edges 63 and
65 and on which the object 64 is installed on the median strip will be
described.

[0067] As illustrated by using R4, the stopping controller 15 operates the
steering mechanism 7 and the braking mechanism 8 so that the vehicle 1 is
decelerated, pulled over to the object 64, and stopped. Then, the
stopping controller 15 operates the steering mechanism 7 so that the
steered wheels 51 and 52 are oriented away from the object 64, and ends
the automatic stop process. Thus, the steered wheels 51 and 52 are
oriented away front the object 64, whereby the steered wheel 52 in
contact with the object 64 may prevent the vehicle 1 from moving backward
doe to its own weight. [0068] 1-5. In the Case Where Presence of Curb And
Presence of Object on Median Strip

[0069] An automatic stop process performed when the road on which the
vehicle 1 is travelling is determined, as illustrated in FIG. 8, to be a
road on which the curbs 60 and 62 are installed along the road edges and
on which the object 64 is installed on the median strip will be
described.

[0070] The stopping controller 15 determines which, the curb 60 or the
object 64, is closer to the vehicle 1, on the basis of the determination
result obtained by the vehicle-position determining unit 13. The stopping
controller 15 causes the vehicle 1 to be pulled over to the closer
object, the curb 60 or the object 64, and causes the vehicle 1 to stop.
Similarly to the cases in FIGS. 4 to 7, the stopping controller 15 causes
the orientation of the steered wheels 51 and 52 to be changed in
accordance with the gradient of the road, and ends the automatic stop
process.

[0071] In the example in FIG. 8, since the object 64 is closer to the
vehicle 1 than the curb 60, as illustrated by using R5, the stopping
controller 15 causes the vehicle 1 to be pulled over to the object 64 and
be stopped. Since the road is a downhill road, the stopping controller 15
causes the steered wheels 51 and 52 to be oriented, toward the object 64,
and ends the automatic stop process. [0072] 1-6. In the Case of Presence
of Curbs, Presence of Object on Median Strip, And Two Lanes on Each Side

[0073] An automatic stop process performed in STEP 10 will be described.
In STEP 10, an automatic stop process performed when the road is
determined, as illustrated in FIG. 9, to be a road which has two lanes or
more (two lanes in FIG. 9), on which the curb 60 is present, along a road
edge, and on which the object 64 is installed on the median strip is
performed.

[0074] In the case where the stopping controller 15 determines that the
vehicle 1 is travelling on a road having two lanes on each side, on the
basis of the determination results obtained by the road-condition
determining unit 11, and where the stopping controller 15 determines that
the vehicle 1 is travelling on a lane 76 on the median strip side, on the
basis of the determination result obtained by the vehicle-position
determining unit 13, the stopping controller 15 determines whether or not
a lane change to a lane 75 on the curb side is allowed to be made.

[0075] Specifically, the stopping controller 15 determines whether or not
a nearby vehicle is present around the vehicle 1, on the basis of the
determination result obtained by the nearby-vehicle determining unit 12.
If no nearby vehicles which prevent a lane change are present, as
illustrated by using R6, the stopping controller 15 causes a lane change
to the lane 75 on the curb 60 side to be made, and causes the vehicle 1
to be pulled over to the curb 60 and be stopped. Similarly to the
examples in FIGS. 4 and 5, the stopping controller 15 causes the
orientation of the steered wheels 51 and 52 to be changed in accordance
with the gradient of the road. In the example in FIG. 9, since the road
is a downhill road, the stopping controller 15 causes the steered wheels
51 and 52 to be oriented toward the curb 60, and ends the automatic stop
process.

[0076] If it is determined that it is impossible to make a lane change to
the lane 75 on the curb 60 side in a predetermined time because a nearby
vehicle 250 which prevents a lane change is present, the stopping
controller 15 does not cause a lane change to be made, and causes the
vehicle 1 to be pulled over to the object 64 on the median strip and be
stopped. Then, similarly to the examples in FIGS. 6 and 7, the stopping
controller 15 causes the orientation of the steered wheels 51 and 52 to
be changed in accordance with the gradient of the road, and ends the
automatic stop process. In the example in FIG. 9, since the road is a
downhill road, the stopping controller 15 causes the steered wheels 51
and 52 to be oriented toward the object 64, and ends the automatic stop
process.

Second Embodiment

[0077] Referring to FIG. 10, a second embodiment of the present disclosure
will be described. The second embodiment employs an automatic stop
process performed when the vehicle 1 is stopped in an available stopping
area 80 (such as an emergency refuge area) provided in an area other than
the road on which the vehicle 1 is travelling.

[0078] If the emergency stop condition is satisfied, when the
road-condition determining unit 11 determines presence of the available
stopping area 80 provided in an area other than the road (adjacent to the
road, for example), the stopping controller 15 performs the automatic
stop process in which the vehicle 1 is automatically stopped in the
available stopping area 80.

[0079] The stopping controller 15 operates the steering mechanism 7 and
the braking mechanism 8 so that the vehicle 1 is stopped in the available
stopping area 80. Then, the stopping controller 15 causes the steered
wheels 51 and 52 to be oriented away from the road, and ends the
automatic stop process. Thus, the vehicle 1 is stopped with the steered
wheels 51 and 52 oriented away from the road, whereby a state in which
the; vehicle 1 moves toward the road may be avoided.

Third Embodiment

[0080] Referring to FIG. 11, a third embodiment of the present, disclosure
will be described. The third embodiment employs an automatic stop process
performed in the case where the road on which the vehicle 1 is travelling
is a road on which no curbs are present along the road edge 63 and on
which no objects are present on the median strip 61, and where a
to-be-avoided area 81 (such as a cliff or a gutter) is present beyond the
road edge 63.

[0081] The stopping controller 15 operates the steering mechanism 7 and
the braking mechanism 8 so that the vehicle 1 is pulled over to the road
edge 63 and stopped. Then, the stopping controller 15 causes the steered
wheels 51 and 52 to be oriented away from the road edge 63 and ends the
automatic stop process. Thus, the vehicle 1 is stopped with the steered
wheels 51 and 52 oriented away from the road edge 63, whereby a state in
which the vehicle 1 moves toward the to-be-avoided area 81 may be
avoided.

Modified Embodiment

[0082] In the first, to third embodiments, the vehicle 1 is stopped, and
the: orientation of the steered wheels 51 and 52 is then changed in an
automatic, stop process. Alternatively, the vehicle 1 may be stopped,
with the orientation of the steered wheels 51 and 52 which has been
changed. Instead, after the vehicle 1 is stopped parallel to the road,
the orientation of the steered wheels 51 and 52 may be changed into a
direction nonparallel to the road.

[0083] When an operation performed by the driver, not an automatic stop
process, causes the vehicle 1 to stop, the stopping controller 15
performs a process according to the flowchart in FIG. 12. In this case,
after the vehicle 1 is stopped, the orientation of the steered wheels 51
and 52 may be also changed in according with the condition of the road.

[0084] In STEP 50 in FIG. 12, when the detection speed obtained from the
vehicle speed sensor 20 is equal to zero, or when an ignition switch (not
illustrated) has been turned off through an operation, the stopping
controller 15 determines that the vehicle 1 has stopped, and the process
proceeds to STEP 51.

[0085] In STEP 51 which is performed by the road-condition determining
unit 11, a process similar to that in STEP 2 in FIG. 3 described above is
performed to determine the conditions (the presence/absence of curbs
along the road edges, and the gradient of the road, i.e., an uphill
gradient or a downhill gradient) of the road (currently-vehicle-located
road) on which, the vehicle 1 is stopped. The process in which the
road-condition determining unit 11 determines the condition of the road
may be performed before the vehicle 1 is stopped.

[0086] In STEP 52 which is the next step, the stopping controller 15
performs a process similar to that in STEP 4 in FIG. 3 described above,
thereby operating the steering mechanism 7 to perform a process
(upon-stopping steering-direction changing process) of changing the
orientation of the steered wheels 51 and 52 of the vehicle 1 in
accordance with the presence/absence of curbs on the road and the
gradient of the road. Then, the process proceeds to STEP 53, and the
process ends.

[0087] Thus, change of the orientation of the steered wheels 51 and 52
according to the presence/absence of curbs on the road and the gradient
of the road after stopping of the vehicle is efficient especially when
the vehicle is stopped in a specific area (such as Canada and California)
in which the orientation of a steered wheel during stopping is regulated.

[0088] Therefore, the upon-stopping steering-direction changing process
may be performed when the vehicle-position determining unit 13 determines
that the region in which the vehicle 1 is located is included in such a
specific area.

[0089] As a condition for determining that the vehicle 1 has stopped, in
addition to the condition, "the detection speed obtained by the vehicle
speed sensor 20 is equal to zero, or the ignition switch has been turned
off through an operation", which is described in STEP 50 in FIG. 12,
release of a door lock (not illustrated) of the vehicle 1, or detection
of opening of a door of the vehicle 1 may be used. Although a specific
form of embodiment has been described above and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings in order to be more clearly understood, the above
description is made by way of example and not as limiting the scope of
the invention defined by the accompanying claims. The scope of the
invention is to be determined by the accompanying claims. Various
modifications apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art could be made
without departing from the scope of the invention. The accompanying
claims cover such modifications.