CSS

Because I began my SAS career in the Publications division, I like to think that I have a keen eye when it comes to SAS documentation. When I first visited the SAS 9.4 online documentation, I immediately noticed that it had a different look. Examine the image below; can you see what I mean? (Click on the image to see a larger version.)

Aside from a few layout enhancements and more helpful details, I noticed the use of a different typeface for the text. It's a font that I didn't recognize, and I wondered how it had been installed on my system.

It turns out that this font face (named "Lato") is not installed on my system; it's a web font. A web font is downloaded and rendered "on the fly" by your web browser. This gives the web designer more control over the exact appearance of the text, even across different operating systems and devices that share only a small subset of generic font styles.

There are different sources for web fonts. Some are free to use, while others require a nominal licensing fee. If you have a particular typeface that is important to your company brand, it might be worth a licensing fee to ensure that this typeface is used consistently in all of your web content. However, the SAS documentation (and many other sites) use the free Google Fonts.

After I learned all of this I wondered: how can I use web fonts in SAS ODS output?

Specifying a web font in ODS HTML

There are three ways to "import" a web font in your HTML content:

using a <link> tag to reference a directive from an external style

using an @import directive from within a CSS file or <style> tag

using JavaScript to dynamically insert a web font style reference into the page.

Once you import the font, you must then reference the font name in CSS "font-family" style attributes for the different element classes that you want to affect. For example, if you want ODS tabular data to use the Lato font, you must change the "data" class to include it:

.data{font-family:'Lato',sans-serif;}

I decided that the <link>-tag approach was the simplest method to import the web font. I copied the <link>-tag directives from the Google Fonts entry for Lato and Droid Sans, and then "injected" them into the ODS HTML output by using the HEADTEXT option. Then I used PROC TEMPLATE to modify the style attributes for specific ODS-related style classes; these attributes will translate into CSS when SAS creates your HTML. Here's the program:

Limitations of web fonts

Before you consider using web fonts in all of your SAS-generated content, there are a few restrictions that you should review:

Web fonts can be used only in HTML output -- output that you intend to display in a web browser. The browser will download and render the font based on CSS or JavaScript directives. This means that this technique won't work for RTF or PDF output.

Web fonts can apply to textual content only, and not to images that are generated by SAS graphical procedures. SAS graphical output is usually rendered into an image file (such as a PNG file) within your SAS session. The appearance is controlled by SAS styles that are defined in your SAS session, and any referenced fonts must be accessible to SAS.

Because web fonts must be downloaded by the browser as the HTML page loads, this can have an impact on how quickly the page is rendered. Each Google web font provides some guidance about this potential impact. For the best response, include references to the minimum number of typefaces that you need for the content.

And of course, for a web font to download you must be connected to the Internet. It's a good idea to always specify a fallback font family (ex: sans-serif) in your styles so that even if your web font can't load, your style still provides some cue for how to render the text.

This week's SAS tip comes from Frederick Pratter and his book Web Development with SAS by Example, Third Edition. Frederick's book contains a wealth of good information, including the following excerpt. The following excerpt is from SAS Press author Frederick Pratter and his book "Web Development with SAS by Example, [...]