Figures

Fig. 1Schematic of 2D plasmons launching with a swift electron penetrating through a graphene monolayer.

Lf1 and Lf2 are the lengths of the formation zone in the region above and below the graphene layer, respectively.

Fig. 2Time evolution of magnetic field when a swift electron perpendicularly penetrates through a graphene monolayer.

The green dashed line represents graphene. The electron is located (A) above graphene, (B) at graphene, and (C) below graphene.

Fig. 3Time evolution of the deviation of the electron density from its average value on graphene plane when a swift electron penetrates through a graphene monolayer.

The electron is located (A and B) above graphene, (C) at graphene, and (D to H) below graphene.

Fig. 4Energy dissipation during the plasmonic formation time.

(A) Time evolution of emitted photon energy and the induced field energy [related to the induced field strength ]. (B) Energy spectra of graphene plasmons by taking t = ∞ in the lossless case and by taking t = Lf2/v in the lossy case.