H2: Combining adjacent image and text links for the same resource

Important Information about Techniques

See Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria for important information about the usage of these informative techniques and how they relate to the normative WCAG 2.0 success criteria. The Applicability section explains the scope of the technique, and the presence of techniques for a specific technology does not imply that the technology can be used in all situations to create content that meets WCAG 2.0.

Description

This objective of this technique is to provide both text and iconic representations of links without making the web page more confusing or difficult for keyboard users or assistive technology users. Since different users finding text and icons more usable, providing both can improve the accessibility of the link.

Many links have both a text and iconic representation adjacent to each other, but rendered in separate a elements. Visually they appear to be a single link, but many users encounter them as adjacent identical links. For a keyboard user, it is tedious to navigate through redundant links. For users of assistive technologies, it can be confusing to encounter successive identical links. When the text alternative for the icon is a duplicate of the link text, it is repetitive as screen readers read the description twice.

If the author omitted alternative text from the link image, it would fail Success Criterion 1.1.1 because the
text alternative would not serve the same purpose as the graphical link.

This technique provides such links by putting the text and image together in one a element and providing null alternative text on the image to eliminate duplication of text. In this way, both representations of the link are provided, but keyboard users only encounter one link and assistive technology that provides users with link lists for a web page do not include duplicate links.

Sometimes the text and the icon link are rendered in separate, adjacent table cells to
facilitate page layout. Although WCAG 2 does not prohibit the use of layout tables,
CSS-based layouts are recommended in order to retain the defined semantic meaning of the
HTML table elements and to conform to the coding practice of separating presentation
from content. If CSS is used, this technique can be applied to combine the links.

Examples

Example 1

The icon and text are contained in the same a element. (HTML4 / HTML5)

Example 2

A link contains an icon and text, and the site help refers to the icon. The
img has a text alternative which is the name used for the icon in the
site help, which describes clicking the home page icon. (HTML4 / HTML5)

Tests

Procedure

Check that every img element contained within the a element has a null value set for its alt attribute.

Check that the a element contains an img element that has either a null alt attribute value or a value that supplements the link text and describes the image

Expected Results

All checks above are true.

If this is a sufficient technique for a success criterion, failing this test procedure does not necessarily mean that the success criterion has not been satisfied in some other way, only that this technique has not been successfully implemented and can not be used to claim conformance.