Published lo promote Friendship and Good Will with its customers and friends and lo advance the interest of its products by the Lufkin Foundry & Machine Company, Lufkin, Texas. Virginia R. .!Ulen, Editor

WEST COAST DIVISION ISSUE THE NIGHT THE EARTH WENT BERSERK-T. H. Inkster . SNAPSHOTS BY THE LUFKIN CAMERAMAN .

MADISON River canyon is shown clogged with rock. earth. trees and debris soon after the face of the mountain broke away. Darker areas in lower left are trees. Photo by Monta n a P ower Co.

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The NIGHTthe EARTH By ToM H.

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ARTHQUAKES happen quite frequently, often taking a toll of lives and causing great destruction, but the one that shook the West Yellowstone area in 1959 is the most unique. That giant upheaval left mammoth cars which show how the earth goes berserk and the terrible havoc that follows. A fine highway has just been completed through that section of so uthern Montana where many people were killed and hundreds experienced a nightmare of horror. Close to midnight on August 17th, the first shock threw David Bittner out of his bunk in the fire lookout station atop ] 0,300-foot Mt. Holmes in Yellowstone Park. His report, several days earlier, of substantial tremors had received no serious consideration. Birds and wild animals knew a disaster was brewing and moved out of the area. In furious response to an agony of deep-seated tensions no 4

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INKSTER

longer bearable, mother earth was making drastic changes. The earthquake erupted with violence and its effect in the Madison Canyon section was devastating. A truck had just entered the west gate of Yellowtone Park when the earthquake struck. As the plywood gate house shook crazily, with th e lights fla shing on and off, th e ranger on duty shouted, "Stop that truck! You've hooked the shack!" Mrs. Grace Miller, a widow of 70 who operated the Hillgard Fishing Lodge, kicked the jammed door open to face a five-foot crevice. As she leaped across it, the house dropped from under her into the lake. Great tidal waves surged down the seven-mile length of Hebgen Lake, over the top of Hebgen Dam and down the Madison Canyon. Simultaneously, the face of a 7600-foot high mountain crashed into th e Madison Valley, cascaded across

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BEHIND the great m_pss of rubble in the Madison River canyon, water soon began rising, forming what has aptly been called Earthquake Lake. Ph oto b y Montana Hig hwa y De pt.

VIENT

HIGHWAYS in the West Yellowstone area were crumpled like crackers, leaving no escape route for campers. Photo b y Montana Highw a y Dept .

it and hurled up the opposite canyon wall, carrying huge trees and house-size boulders as if they were weightless hollow ornaments. All this happened in a few seconds. The slide of 80 million tons of rock dammed the Madison River and forced the surging water back into Rock Creek Campground. Soon the lower end of the canyon was flooded . At the upper end, numerous sections of the highway that led to safety crumpled and fell into Hebgen Lake, cutting off escape for hundreds of campers. A new lake was created, just above the slide area. It is aptly called Earthquake Lake. Before

ONE of many signs erected by the U.S. Forest Service to give travelers through the area an idea of the devastation that occurred August 17, 1959. Photo b y U. S. Forest Service

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GEORGE Hungerford, caretaker of Hebgen Dam at the headwaters of the Madison River, indicates how high the waves sloshed over the top of the dam. Largest crack in core wall of dam is visible under Hungerford's hand. Photo by Mon tana Power Co.

HOUSE-sized boulders were carried across the Madison River atop the rapidly moving and heaving mass of rocks and debris. Photo by U. S. Forest S ervice

engineers dug a channel through the great slide mass, Earthquake Lake was a potential flood threat to the towns and ranches downstream . Violent shocks lowered one shore of H ebgen Lake and lifted another. Huge waves that were sent crashing up and down the lake caused great fear that the Hebgen Dam would be washed away. Fortunately, it h eld. H eavy a utomobiles were to ssed like match sticks and smashed against trees by the force of the r icocheting water and the hurri cane force winds created by the mountain slide. Disaster always dramatizes man' need for man. The earthquake brought out the best in p eople, with many acts of courage, assistance and kindness. There was suffering and tragedy. For some there was final peace, with a majestic resting place created by the power that shapes the earth and the destiny of man. At dawn, planes made a reconnaissance flight 6

and soon units from every organization were on the move to participate in rescue and rehabilitati on work. Forest Service smoke jumpers parachuted into the canyon to give aid and set up communicati ons. Air Force and Forest Service helicopters removed the injured. By evening emergency roads had been bulldozed and thankful tourists left the canyon. One may now travel through the earthquake area and, with the help of many signs erected by the Forest Service, get a fairly accurate impression of what happened and the consequences. It is again possible to drive beside H ebgen Lake, going around several places where large sections of the hi ghway plunged into the lake. Fault scarps, where the earth fractured and dropped, parallel the northeast shore for several miles. A t Cabin Creek, just downstream from Hebgen Dam, there is an excellent close-up view of

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AN A WED spectator looks to see if he can see the highway which fell into Hebgen Lake. Photo by U . S . F o rest Service

the Hebgen Lake fault scarp. The most spectacular single feature left by the violent earthquake is the huge slide near the west end of the area. Here the whole side of a mountain dropped out, to slide across the Madison River and pile up along the opposite wall. A good road leads to the top of the pile of rocks, where there are parking areas and informative di splays of photographs and contour maps. A forest ranger tells about the disaster and points out places of unusual interest. One of the most interesting places is the memorial, a bronze tablet on a mammoth boulder that cascaded down the mountain and across the Madison Riv er on top of the moving and heaving mass of rock. On the tablet is inscribed the names of the 28 per ons known to have lost their lives. When the earthquake was over, seismologists, geologists and other earth scientists went into the

famous Firehole Basin to determine if the tremendous forces loosed might have interfered with nature's playground plumbing which keeps geysers, hot pools and mud pots spouting, bubbling and burping. Where bears sleep in solid comfort throughout the winter, enjoying the warmth supplied by the geysers, scientists found changes in the interval and spouting time of so me of the better-known geysers. Some had gone crazy and a few quit altogether. In the midst of these changing patterns, fabulous Old Faithful continues to teal the show. With the highway now co mpleted through Madison Canyon and along Hebgen Lake, the area of the Montana earthquake--felt in eight states and the strongest ever recorded in the United Statesis another attraction for tourists visiting Yellowstone ational Park. 7

THE blast furnaces of Woodward Iron Company are the heart of the Woodward operation.

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OODWARD Iron Company, Woodward, Alabama, is one of the largest producers of pig iron in the United States. It owns its own iron ore mines, coal mines and limestone quarries withi11 a few miles of its blast furnaces in the Birmingham area, and also operates a coke and by-products plant at Woodward. With manufacturing facilities of its divisions and subsidiaries located in Alabama, California, Texas and Virginia, the company employs approximately 7000 people. Woodward Iron Company traces its origin to February, 1867, when S. H. Woodward, an ironmaster of Wheeling, W. Va., was aboard an Ohio River steamboat and overheard two Union soldiers discussing the ore and coal deposits which they had seen during the Alabama campaign of the Civil War. This conversation arou ed Woodward's interest to such intensity that he journeyed to Alabama to inspect the ore deposits there. While in Alabama during the year 1869, he acquired a number of coal and ore properties which were to become the nucleus of Woodward Iron Company. In the 1870's, the Woodward ironmaster sent his sons, first J. H. Woodward, then W. H. Woodward, south to observe early Alabama operations involving the substitution of coke for charcoal in the reduction of iron ore. By 1880, the Wood14

W. R. BOND, President, Woodward Iron Company

wards had concluded that the method was practical and plans were made for the development of the Alabama mineral properties. While these plans were in progress S. H . Woodward died, but his sons carried on and the Woodward Iron Company was organized in the fall of 1881, with W. H. Woodward as president and J. H. Woodward as secretary-treasurer. In 1911, the properties and assets of Woodward Iron Company and the Birmingham Coal and Iron Company, both of which were engaged in the mining of coal and iron and the production of pig iron in J efferson County, Alabama, were combined and the resulting company was incorporated. Today, within a radius of a few miles of Woodward, Alabama, there are iron mines, coal mines, by-product and coke ovens and blast furnace s. The main plant includes four bla ~ t furnace s with an annual capacity of 772,632 net tons of pig iron, 256 by-product coke ovens with an annual capacity of 938,000 tons of coke, and a coal washer with an annual output of 1,200,000 tons. The production facilities of Woodward Iron Company were, until quite recently, confined to the Birmingham, Alabama, area. Embarking upon a program of diversification and developing a more integrated operation, Woodward during the pa~ t decade has joined forces with a number of other organizations.

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mpany... Longview Lime Corporation was acquired by Woodward Iron Company in 1955, as a whollyowned subsidiary. The company was founded in 1874, and has been a major supplier of high calcium lime products since that time. At Longview Lime approximately 1,300,000 tons of limestone can be produced a year. Quicklime production capacity is approximately 120,000 tons per year from one rotary kiln and six vertical kilns. Both quarrying and manufacturing facili ties are located at Saginaw, Alabama. The Alabama Pipe Company was merged with Woodward in 1959. The company had been organized in October, 1924, by an amalgamation of several independently operated soil pipe plants. The Alabama Pipe Company Division i one of the largest manufacturers of soil pipe and fittings in the United States, operating plants in Anniston and Gadsden, Alabama, and South Gate, Califor nia. The company also produces cast iron water pipe up to 24 inches in diameter and IPS pipe up to 15 inches in diameter at a modern production facility in Anniston. Also in 1959, Western Foundry became a division of Woodward. Formed on September 1, 1943, Western Foundry Company' principal products were gas burners and stove parts for the heater and stove industry in the Southwest. In 1948, the facilities of the plant at Tyler, Texas, were converted to th e manufacture of ca t iron soil pipe and fittings and related articles, and this plant is today a leading producer of th ese products. The Anniston Foundry Division was acquired by Woodward in 1961. Originally organized in 1902, it has been known for many years as the Anniston Foundry Company of Anniston, Alabama. Production includes cast iron soil pipe fittings as well as cast iron soil pipe in both five-foot and ten-foot lengths. Lynchburg Foundry Company, with plants in Lynchburg and Radford, Virginia, also became a division of Woodward in 1961. Founded in Lynchburg in 1896, the company first manufactured plows and plow repair parts exclusively. Today, gray and ductile iron castings molded by both th e conventional green sand process and the shell molding process are produced by the Lynchburg Foundry Company Division at Lynchburg, Virginia, for use in many industries. Gray

LUFKIN THT 50 trailer sold to Saunders System and leased to Alabama Pipe Company. a subsidia.r y of Woodward Iron Company .

and ductile iron pressure pipe, 3 inches to 24 inches in diameter in 18-foot lengths, plus some casting , are produced at the Radford Plant. National Cement Company became the third division to be acquired by Woodward in the year 1961. Organized in 19 15, National Cement Company Divi sion's production facilities are located at Ragland, Alabama, on th e Coosa River, 50 miles ea t of Birmingham and 100 miles from Atlanta. Portland and slag cements, as well as masonry cement, are produced by National Cement and sold to the construction industry. Woodward Iron Company has diversified in the past few year , yet it still maintains its position as a leader in the merchant pig iron market and a supplier of coke and coal chemicals to the chemical industry. Recently, an electric furnace to produce Ferro-Alloys has been add ed, and this has allowed Woodward to serve th e market in th e alloys field. In addition, through its other divisions, Woodward i an important factor in the production and sale of cast iron soil and pressure pipe, gray iron and ductile castings, Portland and slag cements, and lime products. In the transportation of its raw materials, Woodward operates its own railroad, and to serve the customers of Alabama Pipe Division, Anniston Foundry Di vision, and ·w estern Foundry Division, it has a large fl eet of trucks. Lufkin is pleased to have Woodward Iron Company as one of its suppliers and as one of its customers. 15

TWIN towers of the Golden Gate Bridge are 746 fe et high and the span is 200 feet above the turbulent Golden Gate.

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BRIDGE ...

OLDEN GATE BRIDGE-the bridge that late M. M. O'Shaughnessy, city engineer of San couldn't be built-celebrated its silver anni- Francisco, and the late Joseph B. Strauss, worldversary recently. renowned builder of hundreds of bridges. DiscusThe mile-long steel link between San Francisco sions centered on forming a Bridge District and and the Redwood Empire counties to the north is interesting the north coastal counties in the project. functional by many standards. A survey of the physical conditions at the site It is traversed by nearly two million toll-paying was authorized in 1918, and Strauss expressed the motor vehicles each month. It has been a prime conviction that the bridge could be built despite factor in the economic development of a vast region formidable engineering problems. Formation of the Golden Gate Bridge and Highalong the coast between San Francisco and southern Oregon, and inland as far as Napa and Lake way District, comprised of San Francisco, Marin, Counties. Variously described as beautiful, grace- Sonoma, Del Norte, and parts of Mendocino and ful and magnificent, the arching span with its 746- Napa counties, began in 1823. On November 4, 1930, the fate of the Golden foot towers has unique aspects. It is the most photographed bridge in the world. Gate Bridge hung in the balance as voters of the It is one of Northern California's greatest show- District balloted on a $35,000,000 bond issue to pieces, ranking along with the giant coastal red- finance the project. Opponents argued the bridge woods and San Francisco's jaunty cable cars as a could be tumbled by long-range enemy gunfire, tourist attraction. To the world traveler, it is to bottling up shipping in San Francisco Bay; also San Francisco what the Statue of Liberty is to New York City. One of the structural wonders of the world, the Golden Gate Bridge was built in four years, four months and 27 days, at a cost of $35,000,000. (It would cost $120,000,000 to duplicate it today. ) It was opened to traffic on May 27, 1937. A dream of spanning the Golden Gate, entrance to San Francisco harbor, had long existed in the minds of men before the dream became a reality. Perhaps it even existed in the hazy meanderings of Emperor Norton, San Francisco eccentric of another era. Back in 1869 Norton issued a proclamation in which he "commanded" that a bridge be built across the Bay. In 1917, construction of the bridge was foreshadowed in a meeting between the 18

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MAGNIFICENT Golden Gate bridge links San Francisco with the rest of the Redwood Empire extending north to Josephine County, Oregon. At upper right is part of the Presidio, headquarters for the Sixth Army. Top left shows a portion of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.

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that the Redwood Empire Country to the north was so sparsely settled that the bridge would never emerge from the red. Others warned an earthquake would play havoc with the foundation s, and that the bridge would bring an avalanche of unwelcome picnickers to the sylvan glades of orthbay counties. But voters of the District, by a more-than-twothirds majority, decided a bridge should be built. Strauss, who in 1929 had become the official bridge engineer, then tackled the engineering. The channel was more than 300 feet deep and 5,357 feet wide. Length of the main span, more than 4,000 feet, presented staggering problem . So did high prevailing wind, fog, the sweep of ocean storms, heavy swells from the Pacific, and strong tidal currents. The battles of logistics and stres es began. Since the bridge lay in the path of ocean storms, particular emphasis was placed on the stress potential of materials. These materials included 83,000 tons of structural steel and 389,000 cubic yards of concrete. Some 80,000 miles of wire was required to make the two cables, each 7,650 feet long. Construction of the bridge began on January 5, 1933. Building of the northern pier in Marin County went forward swiftly. The going at the so uth pier was rough. Shortly after a 1,100-foot trestle to the pier had been completed, a ship, groping through fog, crashed through it. oon after

this breach was mended, a storm carried away an 800-foot section of the trestle. Finally, after 20 months, the pier was completed. With the two 746-foot towers erected, work progressed on spinning the two cables, each 36o/s inches in diameter. This was followed by the placing of the structural steel for the bridge's road"".'ay, installation of the lighting system, and paving. Last to be fini shed was the Toll Plaza at the south end. The gigantic engineering undertaking finally competed, the bridge was opened to pedestrians on May 27, 1937. The following day vehicular traffic began moving over the mile-long span. The bridge has been closed but once ince it was built. On December 1, 1951, winds of gale force caused the span to develop a sway, and it was shut down for three hours. Since then a system of lateral bracing, increasing torsional rigidity by 35 per cent, has been installed. . Confounding its critics, the Golden Gate Bndge has been a financial success from the start. There have been storms and earthquakes since it was built, but the great International Orange-hued bridge that spans the Golden Gate-a bridge whose completion opened up new economic vistas for San Francisco and the Redwood Empire counties to the north- tands as a magnificent monument to a group of men possessed of a great dream and the courage to bring about its fulfillm ent. SPANNING the Golden Gate through which pass some of the world's largest ships, the beautiful bridge is considere d one of the world's great spans. Seen here from the hills of Marin County, the bridge forms a foreground for the white spires of San Francisco.

The barmaid. was a flirt and when th e lieutenant went out to bu y a paper she pursed her lips invitin gly and leaned over the bar toward the shy yo ung sailor. Puttin g her fa ce against his, she purred, "Now's yo ur chance." The sailor look e d around the empty room. " It sure is," he agreed, and promptly drank the lieutenant's beer. Harold: " Did Frances blush when her shoulder straps broke?" Gerald: "I didn' t notice." Executive's Wife: "That new secretary of yo urs looks simply terrible in that low-cut blouse, doesn't she?" Exec utive: " Not as far as I can see!"

He told th e lovely native girl The old-fashioned girl used to hide that he had been shipwrecked and had had nothing to eat for three da ys. money in side her bodice. Th e mod ern She said , " Why not come over to gal prefers to put it where it won't my hut toni ght and have some food be seen. with me?" He said , " Do yo u live " Why do you keep going out with The new young company doctor, on thi s island ?" "Yes," she anthat girl? " asked Dan. " She has examinin g the heartbeat and respira- swered, "on th e other side." That evenin g he made his way absolutely no sense of humor." tion s of th e first batch of stenograph ers a nd secretaries, was visibly across the island to her littl e hut. "Man ," replied Sam, "you can nervous but determi ned to keep his When he went throu gh th e doorway have a mighty good time without head_ He held his stethoscope to on e he found the girl waitin g for him laughin g." after another with admirable pro- and the table already set. The girl fessional cooln ess until he came to asked him what he'd like to eat. P etrol eum En gineer: "I opened my Gladys, the s hap e l y office siren. " Well," he replied, "if it is not too hotel room door and saw one of the Stretchin g like a cross between a mu ch troubl e I'd really like a ni ce most beautiful girls I've ever seen kitten and a pouter pigeon, she un- steak and french fries." She said, lyin g in my bed. " buttoned her blouse and walked up "Certainl y." He said "Don't tell me Production Boss : " What did yo u close to him. you have that here !" " Of course," do?" Not even this see m e d to bother she replied and then she asked him P etroleum Engineer: "The only him as he put his stethoscope to her what he would like to drink. He said, thin g I could do--1 called the man"I'd like a bottl e of b ee r." "Of chest. "Docto r," she sighed, "what do ager and had her thrown out. What yo u want me to do? " course," she answe red again. He ex- would you do? " claimed, " Don't tell me you have beer " Deethe breeply," he croaked. Production Boss : " I'd do the same here too!" thing you did- only I wouldn't lie After he had eaten and drank as A gi rl swimmin g instructor was abo ut it." giving lessons to a gi rl's class in much as he wanted, the native girl Red Cross lifesavin g aquatic tech- came in wearing a beautiful negligee Bab e : " \Vh e r e were you la s t and asked, " How did you enjoy your niques. She asked the dass : night?" mea l ?" He replied, " It was mar"S uppose yo u were thrown from a Bob: " With yo u, baby." boat, what article of clothing would velous." " Well, now," she said, " How Babe : " Thanks. I wasn't sure. about a little game?" " Wow!" he you remove last?" The class gave various types of said, "Don't tell me you have a golf Th en you're the fellow Dad 's looking for. " answers but the instructor gave the course here too!" correct one : Doctor: "Madam, I'd like to give Did yo u hear about the town that "You remove the blouse last, beyou a thorou gh examination. Please cause the air gets under the blouse always had the same population? and acts like a buoy." Every time a child was born some- take off your clothes." one left town. Pati ent: " But Dr. Smith fo und me perfect thi s morning." " How about joining me this weekend in a ni ce little upstate motel I "Take it from me," said the redDoctor: "Yes, so he told me." know about?" he proposition ed the head, "Don't get married." charmin g yo un g thin g. Give a man enough rope and he'll "I'm afraid," she said " that my "You know," the old gentleman claim he's tied up at the office. knowledge of your proclivities in the said , " I've never been able to see esoteric aspects of sexual behavior what keeps you young ladies from " My dear," said he, " I'm gropin g precludes you from any such phase freezin g in the winter." of erotic confrontation." " At your age," the sweet young for words to express my love." " I don't get it," he said confusedly. thing replied, " It's probably just as " Mmm ," she sighed, " kee p search.1ng ." " Exactl y," she smiled. well."