2018-03-19T18:07:10Zhttp://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=34892013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Overview of Cancer Registration Research in the Asian Pacific from 2008-2013Cancer registration provides a firm basis for cancer control efforts and research into changing patternsof incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence is of obvious importance. Most of the countries of Asia havealready published relevant data although the level of coverage and accuracy do vary a great deal both betweenand within countries. The present review concerns the relevant literature for the period 2008-2013, focusingon the types of research conducted and the conclusions that can be drawn with regard to what should be donein the future to translate the information available into effective intervention efforts to reduce the burden ofdisease. A major emphasis has been on determining variation in incidence and mortality/survival on the basisof ethnicity and socioeconomic as well as geographical background, as well as trends over time, either for cancerin general or specific organ sites. In addition a small number of papers focused on methodological, quality andcancer control issues, very pertinent to the future development of cancer registry based research.Cancer registrationEpidemiologyincidenceMortalitysurvivalTrendsCancer control2013080144614484http://journal.waocp.org/article_27976_31c6c0c51da256c1a3ca149ffb9fce4b.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Concomitant EGFR Inhibitors Combined with Radiation for Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung CarcinomaEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered to be one of the key driver genes in non-small celllung cancer (NSCLC). Several clinical trials have shown great promise of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)in the first-line treatment of NSCLC. Many advances have been made in the understanding of EGFR signaltransduction network and the interaction between EGFR and tumor microenvironment in mediating cancersurvival and development. The concomitant targeted therapy and radiation is a new strategy in the treatment ofNSCLC. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated synergistic anti-tumor activity in the combinationof EGFR inhibitors and radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, we discuss the rationale of thecombination of EGFR inhibitors and radiotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC.Non-small cell lung carcinomaepidermal growth factor receptorRadiationcombine therapy2013080144854494http://journal.waocp.org/article_27977_e016d323749ab45b6400ef1cc02d9e77.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Do the Health Claims Made for Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Harmonize with Current Scientific Knowledge and Evaluation of its Biological EffectsMorinda citrifolia, also known as Great Morinda, Indian Mulberry, or Noni, is a plant belonging to the familyRubiaceae. A number of major chemical compounds have been identified in the leaves, roots, and fruits of the Noniplant. The fruit juice is in high demand in alternative medicine for different kinds for illnesses such as arthritis,diabetes, high blood pressure, muscle ached and pains, menstrual difficulties, headache, heart diseases, AIDS,gastric ulcer, sprains, mental depression, senility, poor digestion, arteriosclerosis, blood vessel problems, anddrug addiction. Several studies have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptosis-inducingeffects of Noni in various cancers. Based on a toxicological assessment, Noni juice was considered as safe. Thougha large number of in vitro, and, to a certain extent, in vivo studies demonstrated a range of potentially beneficialeffects, clinical data are essentially lacking. To what extent the findings from experimental pharmacologicalstudies are of potential clinical relevance is not clear at present and this question needs to be explored in detailbefore an recommendations can be made.Morinda citrifolia (Noni) inflammationantioxidantCancerDNA Repair2013080144954499http://journal.waocp.org/article_27978_f2adccc6ea79bb1e991967f17cd6c2cd.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Significance of Caveolin-1 Regulators in Pancreatic CancerCaveolin-1 is a scaffold protein on the cell membrane. As the main component of caveolae, caveolin-1 is involvedin many biological processes that include substance uptake and transmembrane signaling. Many of these processesand thus caveolin-1 contribute to cell transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Of particular interestare the dual rolesof tumor suppressor and oncogene that caveolin-1 appear to play in different malignancies,including pancreatic cancer. Therefore, analyzing caveolin-1 regulators and understanding their mechanisms ofactionis key to identifying novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for pancreatic cancer. This review details themechanisms of action of caveolin-1 regulators and the potential significance for pancreatic cancer treatment.Caveolaecaveolin-1Pancreatic cancerregulatory factorsignificance2013080145014507http://journal.waocp.org/article_27979_b41c8946deb2a5809f1804fb46acaf0b.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Hepatitis B Virus Gene Mutations and HepatocarcinogenesisChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long been the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, some aspects of the pathogenesis of HBV infection and genesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-relatedhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still inconclusive. An increasing number of published studies indicate thathepatitis B virus mutations are associated with risk of HCC. These variations include, in particular, mutationsin ORF S,C,X gene regions. This mini-review summarizes results of clinical studies and molecular mechanismson the possible relations of HBV mutations with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatocellular carcinomaHepatitis B virusgene mutations2013080145094513http://journal.waocp.org/article_27980_1d580e75db69b84f3b47d9e6f4414c1a.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Personality Traits in Cancer PatientsBackground: This study was planned to investigate the personality traits of cancer patients in differenttreatment settings, and to correlate the demographics with the personality features. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 237 patients referred either to Marmara University School of Medicine (MUSM) Oncology OutpatientUnit or to the private office of the faculty between March 10th and April 22nd, 2010 were enrolled in the study.The Big Five Mini Test was used to evaluate the 40 personality traits of the patients. Results: The study groupconsisted of 98 males (41.35%) and 139 females (58.65%) with a mean age of 51. Out of the 237, 73.9% had aneducational level beyond the junior high school, and 47.3% of all patients reported a positive family historyfor cancer. A significant difference in terms of reconcilability, extraversion, and responsibility was observedbetween patients admitting to the university outpatient clinic and the private office (pCancerPatientrelativePersonality Trait2013080145154518http://journal.waocp.org/article_27981_5cc9ebcbdcc40a5eb6ca718e06e661c4.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Arab Women’s Breast Cancer Screening Practices: A Literature ReviewBreast cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing in the Arab world and the involved women areoften diagnosed at advanced stages of breast cancer. This literature review explores factors influencing Arabwomen’s breast cancer screening behavior. Searched databases were: Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Database ofSystematic Reviews, CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar, Index Medicus for WHO Eastern Mediterranean, and AsianPacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. Breast cancer screening participation rates are low. Screening programsare opportunistic and relatively new to the region. Knowledge amongst women and health care providers,professional recommendation, socio-demographic factors, cultural traditions, beliefs, religious, social support,accessibility and perceived effectiveness of screening influence screening behavior.Arab women’s breast cancerArab women’s breast cancer screeningbreast cancer in the Middle East region2013080145194528http://journal.waocp.org/article_27982_200ebe9e90f37b32d4de353758fd09b1.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution Effects on Perioperative Coagulation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hepatic Carcinectomy
Background: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been widely used to prevent the massive bloodloss during hepatic carcinoma. The influences of ANH on coagulation function are still controversy, especiallyin elderly patients. The study observed ANH effects on coagulation function and fibrinolysis in elderly patientsundergoing the disease. Materials and Methods: Thirty elderly patients (aged 60-70 yr) with liver cancer (ASAⅠ or Ⅱ) taken hepatic carcinectomy from February 2007 to February 2008 were randomly divided into ANHgroup (n=15) and control group (n=15). After tracheal intubation, patients in ANH group and control groupwere infused with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) and Ringer’s solution, respectively. Blood samples weredrawn from patients in both groups at five different time points: before anesthesia induction (T1), 30 min afterANH (T2), 1 h after start of operation (T3), immediately after operation (T4), and 24 h after operation (T5).Then coagulation function, soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC), prothrombin fragment (F1+2), and plateletmembrane glycoprotein (CD62P and activated GP IIb/GP IIIa) were measured. Results: The perioperativeblood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion were recorded during the surgery. The perioperative blood loss wasnot significantly different between two groups (p>0.05), but the volume of allogeneic blood transfusion in ANHgroup was significantly less than in control group (350.0±70.7) mL vs. (457.0±181.3) mL (pHepatic carcinectomyacute normovolemic hemodilutioncoagulation functionFibrinolysis2013080145294532http://journal.waocp.org/article_27983_cd19168b929b76e1f7676528f6909166.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Screening for MiRNAs Related to Laryngeal Squamous Carcinoma Stem Cell RadiationObjective: To use microarray chip technology for screening of stem cell radiation related miRNAs in laryngealsquamous cell carcinoma; study and explore the relationship of miRNAs with radiosensitivity of laryngealsquamous cells. Method: After conventional culture and amplification of the laryngeal squamous carcinoma cellline Hep-2, CD 133+ cells were screened out with combination of isolated culture of stem cell microspheres andFACS for preparation of laryngeal cancer stem cells. After radiation treatment, miRNAs of laryngeal squamouscarcinoma stem cells before and after radiation were enriched and purified. After microarray hybridizationwith mammalian miRNA and scanning of fluorescence signal, the miRNAs of laryngeal squamous carcinomastem cells before and after radiation was subject to differential screening and clustering analysis. Real-timequantitative RT-PCR was used to verify part of the differentially expressed miRNAs. Results: 70 miRNAs relatedto laryngeal cancer stem cell radiation with 2-fold difference in expression were screened out, in which 62 weredown-regulated and 8 were up-regulated. Fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR results were consistent with miRNAschip results. Conclusion: Some miRNAs may be involved in self-regulation with laryngeal squamous carcinomastem cell radiation.Laryngeal carcinoma stem cellsmiRNAradiation relateddifferential expression2013080145334537http://journal.waocp.org/article_27984_cab6531854db095d75bf1f4f5f1b41f3.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Urinary Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma and its Association with Clinicopathological CharacteristicsBackground: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most predominant type of urinary bladder tumor. Ascyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is recently introduced as an attractive target molecule in bladder TCC, we evaluated theimmunohistochemical expression of this marker and its association with several clinicopathological characteristics.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Pathology department of Sina Hospitalin Tehran, Iran during 2006-2011. Ninety-two paraffin embedded blocks were selected from patients withurinary bladder TCC who underwent cystectomy or transurethral resection (TUR). Then, we assessed COX-2expression by immunohistochemical staining using antibody against COX-2. Staining in more than 5% of tumorcells was considered as positive expression. Results: COX-2 was expressed in 50 % of our patients. This markerwas markedly expressed in high grade bladder TCC (62.1%) versus other grades and there was statisticallya significant difference in COX-2 expression between various grades (p=0.008). In addition, patients’ age,lymphatic and perineurial invasion were associated with the expression of COX-2 (p=0.001, 0.015 and 0.039,respectively). However, other parameters such as stage, tumor size, venous invasion and lymph node metastasisdid not show any significant relationship with this marker (all, p>0.05). Conclusions: COX-2 was expressed inurinary bladder TCC especially in high grade forms, advocating its probable role in the differentiation of thistumor. Accordingly, COX-2 could be a valuable biological target molecule in the evaluation and treatment ofpatients with bladder TCC.cyclooxygenase-2urinary bladderTransitional cell carcinomaimmunohistochemistry2013080145394543http://journal.waocp.org/article_27985_a3d819e97060f2ae718f84fd7774d8d0.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Pattern of Tissue Expression of CA-125 and HE4 in Primary Epithelial Ovarian Tumours and Correlation with Serum CA-125 LevelsThe objective of this study is to assess tissue expression of CA-125 and HE4 protein in primary benign andmalignant epithelial tumours of the ovary and correlate with serum CA-125 levels. A total of 100 formalin-fixed,paraffin embedded sections of ovarian tumours which included serous adenoma (11), mucinous adenoma (42),serous carcinoma (20), mucinous carcinoma (12) and endometrioid carcinoma (15), histologically diagnosedbetween 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2012 at the University Malaya Medical Centre, were stained for HE4(rabbit polyclonal antibody, Abcam, UK) and CA-125 (mouse monoclonal antibody clone: OC125, Cell MarqueCorporation, Rocklin, California, USA). Pre-operative serum CA-125 levels were obtained from the laboratoryinformation system. Immunoscore (I score) for HE4 and CA-125 was given based on the intensity of staining andpercentage of positive tumour cells and considered significant when it was >50 (intensity of staining multiplied bypercentage of positive tumour cells). Serum CA-125 levels were compared with the I score of HE4 and CA-125in tissues. We noted that the CA-125 levels in serum and tissues were significantly raised in malignant comparedto benign ovarian tumours (p valueimmunohistochemistryHE4CA-125serum CA-125Ovarian tumours2013080145454548http://journal.waocp.org/article_27986_1bd2d16ce3193f6cd49e631c1bca306d.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Lymphangiogenic and Angiogenic Microvessel Density in Chinese Patients with Gastric Carcinoma: Correlation with Clinicopathologic Parameters and PrognosisThe incidence of gastric cancer worldwide, and in particular in developing countries, has shown a markedincrease. Poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients occurs due to the rapid metastasis of the disease via thelymphatic and blood vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and the clinical significanceof D2-40 and CD34 in human gastric cancer. D2-40 and CD34 expression wasdetected in 1,072 cases of Chinesepatients with gastric carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and microvesseldensity (MVD) were calculated and analyzed and the correlation with the clinicopathological factors and prognosiswas determined. The LVD and MVD of the gastric cancer cases were significantly higher compared to those ofnormal tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of D2-40-LVD and CD34-MVD in the malignancies were positivelyrelated to the age, tumor size, invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis and pathological tumor-node-metastasis(pTNM) (P < 0.05); However, no statistically significant difference was identified between them with the patientgender (P > 0.05). Up-regulation of D2-40 and CD34 expression was significantly correlated with the poor survivalrate in univariate and multivariate analyses. The LVD marked by D2-40 and the MVD marked by CD34 werepositively correlated to the clinicopathological factors of the malignancies and may play important role in thedevelopment and progression of gastric cancer.Gastric cancerD2-40LVDimmunohistochemistryprogression2013080145494552http://journal.waocp.org/article_27987_3a9ecf1299f03a3c401404374d97537b.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Bladder Cancer and Functional Analysis with DNA MicroarrayObjective: The purpose of this study was to identify genes related to bladder cancer with samples from normaland disease cases by microarray chip. Methods: After downloading the gene expression profile GSE3167 fromGene Expression Omnibus database which includes 50 bladder samples, comprising 9 normal and 41 diseasesamples, differentially expressed genes were identified with packages in R language. The selected differentiallyexpressed genes were further analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Firstly, molecular functions, biologicalprocesses and cell component analysis were researched by software Gestalt. Then, software String was used tosearch interaction relationships among differentially expressed genes, and hub genes of the network were selected.Finally, by using plugins of software Cytoscape, Mcode and Bingo, module analysis of hub-genes was performed.Results: A total of 221 genes were identified as differentially expressed by comparing normal and disease bladdersamples, and a network as well as the hub gene C1QBP was obtained from the network. The C1QBP module hadthe closest relationship to production of molecular mediators involved in inflammatory responses. Conclusion:We obtained differentially expressed genes of bladder cancer by microarray, and both PRDX2 and YWHAZ inthe module with hub gene C1QBP were most significantly related to production of molecular mediators involvedin inflammatory responses. From knowledge of inflammatory responses and cancer, our results showed that,the hub gene and its module could induce inflammation in bladder cancer. These related genes are candidatebio-markers for bladder cancer diagnosis and might be helpful in designing novel therapies.Bladder cancerdifferentially expressed geneinteraction networkfunction enrichment analysismodule analysis2013080145534557http://journal.waocp.org/article_27988_bc21ab5f3e61a3f2ff57ce07113cfa52.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Allele and Genotype Frequencies of the Polymorphic Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and Colorectal Cancer among Jordanian PopulationBackground: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is involved in DNA synthesis and repair. We hereaimed to investigate two common polymorphisms, C677T and A1298C, with genotype and haplotype frequenciesin colorectal cancer (CRC) cases among Jordanian. Materials and Methods: 131 CRC cases were studied forMTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms, compared to 117 controls taken from the general population,employing the PCR-RFLP technique. Results: We found the frequency of the three different genotypes of MTHFRC677T among Jordanians to be CC: 61.7%, CT: 35.2%, and TT 3.1% among CRC cases and 50.9%, 38.8% and10.3% among controls. Carriers of the TT genotype were less likely to have CRC (OR=0.25; 95%CI: 0.076-0.811;p=0.021) as compared to those with the CC genotype. Genotype analysis of MTHFR A12987C revealed AA:38.9%, AC: 45%, and CC 16% among CRC cases and 37.4%, 50.4% and 12.2% among controls. There wasno significant association between genetic polymorphism at this site and CRC. Haplotype analysis of MTHFRpolymorphism at the two loci showed differential distribution of the TA haplotype (677T-1298A) between casesand controls. The TA haplotype was associated with a decreased risk for colorectal cancer (OR=0.6; 95% CI:0.4-0.9, p=0.03). Conclusions: The genetic polymorphism of MTHFR at 677 and the TA haplotype may modulatethe risk for CRC development among the Jordanian population. Our findings may reflect an importance of genesinvolved in folate metabolism in cancer risk.genetic polymorphismColorectal Cancermethylene tetrahydrofolategenomic DNA2013080145594565http://journal.waocp.org/article_27989_0a595e1bd489d349974c531b20565ee1.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Treatment Outcome for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in University Malaya Medical Centre from 2004-2008Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the commonest radiocurable cancer in Malaysia. Thisstudy aimed to determine the treatment outcomes and late effects of radiotherapy for NPC patients treated inUniversity Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Materials and Methods: All newly diagnosed patients with NPCreferred for treatment to the Oncology unit at UMMC from 2004-2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatmentoutcomes were 5 years overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), cause-specific survival (CSS), locoregionalcontrol (LRC) and radiotherapy-related late effects. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survivalanalysis and differences in survival according to AJCC stage was compared using the log-rank test. Results: Atotal of 176 patients with newly diagnosed NPC were treated in UMMC during this period. Late presentationwas common, with 33.5% presenting with T3-4 disease, 84.7% with N1-3 disease and 75.6% with AJCC stage3-4 disease. Radical RT was given to 162 patients with 22.7% having RT alone and 69.3% having CCRT. Thestipulated OTT was 7 weeks and 72.2% managed to complete their RT within this time period. Neoadjuvantchemotherapy was given to 14.8% while adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 16.5%. The 5 years OSwas 51.6% with a median follow up of 58 months. The 5 years OS according to stage were 81.8% for stage I,77.9% for stage II, 47.4% for stage III and 25.9% for stage IV. The 5 years overall CSS, DFS and LRC were54.4%, 48.4% and 70.6%, respectively. RT related late effects were documented in 80.2%. The commonestwas xerostomia (66.7%). Other documented late effects were hearing deficit (17.3%), visual deficit (3.1%),neck stiffness (3.1%) , dysphagia (3.4%), cranial nerve palsy (2.5%), pneumonitis (0.6%) and hypothyroidism(1.2%). Conclusions: The 5 years OS and LRC in this study are low compared to the latest studies especiallythose utilizing IMRT. Implementation of IMRT for NPC treatment should be strongly encouraged.Nasopharyngeal carcinomaoutcomeradiotherapy2013080145674570http://journal.waocp.org/article_27990_2efc7363e6263b7caa1baf9728f683d1.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Depression and Predictors in Taiwanese Survivors with Oral CancerBackground: Depression is a comorbid disabling problem and potentially affects patient likelihood of survival.The aims of this study were to recognize the characteristics of depression and investigate associated predictorfactors in patients with oral cancers. Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational design was used to collect datafor this study conducted in northern Taiwan. A set of questionnaires was used to measure depression, symptomdistress, performance status, social support, and demographic and disease-related information. Logistic regressionwas conducted to determine important factors predicting depression. Results: A total of 132 oral cancer patientsparticipated in this study. Of these, 18.2% were identified as depression cases. The patient average performancestatus score was 90 or higher. Patients reported mild-to-moderate levels of symptom distress. The majorityof social support was from families. Religious belief, alcohol use, symptom distress, and social support fromfamily were found to be important factors predicting depression. Patients with religious belief with alcohol usereported greater symptom distress, and those with lower levels of social support from families were significantlymore likely to develop depression. Conclusions: Clinicians should assess patient emotional status and managesymptoms in a timely manner to enhance coping abilities. Supportive care provides assurance during the acutesurvivor phase.oral canceracute survivor stagedepressionSocial support2013080145714576http://journal.waocp.org/article_27991_d6b57289fb6989f43315d3dd0d22693c.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Practice of Skin Cancer Prevention among Road Traffic Police Officers in MalaysiaBackground: The objective of this study was to determine the practice of skin cancer prevention amongMalaysian road traffic police officers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 202 MalaysianRoad Police Traffic officers. Inclusion criteria were those officers who work wearing white uniform regulatingtraffic. The survey took place at the Police Traffic Station, Jln Tun H.S. Lee, Kuala Lumpur, the main HeadQuarters of Malaysian’s Traffic Department where almost 600 police traffic officers are employed. The policetraffic officers are given the task to take care of the traffic from the main office of the police station, then,according to the task, the officers drive to their given location for their duty. Each task is approved by the ChiefTraffic Inspector of Kuala Lumpur. Data collected in this study were analyzed using SPSS 13, with the T-test forunivariate analysis and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 202 road trafficpolice officers participated. The majority were older than 30 years of age, male, Malay, married, with secondaryeducation, with monthly income more than 2000 Ringgit Malaysia (66.3%, 91.1%, 86.6%, 84.7%, 96%, 66.3%;respectively). Regarding the practice of skin cancer prevention, 84.6% of the study participants were found towear hats, 68.9% sunglasses and 85.6% clothing that covering most of the body but only 16.9% used a sunscreenwhen they were outdoors. When analysis of the factors that influenced the practice of skin cancer prevention wasperformed, univariate analysis revealed that gender, age and monthly income significantly influenced the practiceof skin cancer prevention. For multivariate analysis, gender, monthly income and race significantly influencedthe practice of using sunscreen among road traffic police officers (pSkin cancer preventionroad traffic police officersMalaysiasunscreen2013080145774581http://journal.waocp.org/article_27992_c6d18c23b40400c262dd493712ad41e4.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Clinical Efficacy and Prognosis Factors for Advanced Hepatoblastoma in Children: A 6-year Retrospective StudyObjective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of multimodality treatment of advanced paediatrichepatoblastoma (HB) and the factors affecting prognosis. Methods: A total of 35 children underwent multimodalitytreatments consisting of chemotherapy, surgery, interventional therapy, and autologous peripheral blood stemcell transplantation. The patients were followed up every month. Results: Serum AFP levels in 33 out of 35patients in this study were significantly increased (P = 0.0002). According to the statistical scatter plot, the valuesof serum AFP on the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentages were 1,210, 1,210 and 28,318 ng/dl, respectively. Of the35 cases, 21 were stage IV. 18 cases were treated with systemic chemotherapy before surgery, and 3 cases withlocally interventional chemotherapy before surgery. Statistical analysis showed that the preferred interventionaltreatment affected prognosis, and that there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.024). Some 33patients completed the follow-up, of which 17 were in complete remission (CR), 5 were in partial remission(PR), 1 became disease progressive (DP) , and 10 died. The remission and overall survival rates were 66.7%(22/33) and 69.7% (23/33), respectively. Patients with the mixed HB phenotypes had worse prognoses than theepithelial phenotype (P < 0.001), and patients in stage IV had a lower survival rate than those in stage III (P hepatoblastomastem cell transplantationadvanced stageChemotherapyChildren2013080145834589http://journal.waocp.org/article_27993_f86251fc858d898e3d3e9db8f4d11e3e.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Survival Rate of Breast Cancer Patients In Malaysia: A Population-based StudyBreast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. Other than hospital-based results, thereare no documented population-based survival rates of Malaysian women for breast cancers. This populationbasedretrospective cohort study was therefore conducted. Data were obtained from Health Informatics Centre,Ministry of Health Malaysia, National Cancer Registry and National Registration Department for the periodfrom 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2005. Cases were captured by ICD-10 and linked to death certificates toidentify the status. Only complete data were analysed. Survival time was calculated from the estimated date ofdiagnosis to the date of death or date of loss to follow-up. Observed survival rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method using SPSS Statistical Software version 17. A total of 10,230 complete data sets were analysed.The mean age at diagnosis was 50.6 years old. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49% with median survivaltime of 68.1 months. Indian women had a higher survival rate of 54% compared to Chinese women (49%) andMalays (45%). The overall 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patient among Malaysian women was still lowfor the cohort of 2000 to 2005 as compared to survival rates in developed nations. Therefore, it is necessary toenhance the strategies for early detection and intervention.Breast cancerSurvival Ratepopulation-basedMalaysiaEthnic Groups2013080145914594http://journal.waocp.org/article_27994_4e5d33010f1bfd40915d0fee86e68e10.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Effect of Variation of ABCB1 and ABCC3 Genotypes on the Survival of Bone Tumor Cases after ChemotherapyWe conducted a comprehensive study to investigate the role of genes involved in transport pathways in responseto chemotherapy and clinical outcome of osteosarcoma cases. Genotyping of six SNPs was performed in a 384-wellplate format on the Sequenom MassARRAY platform for 208 osteosarcoma patients to reveal any correlationsof the six SNPs with response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome. Individuals with the ABCB1 rs1128503 TTand ABCC3 rs4148416 TT genotypes had a higher probability of responding poorly to chemotherapy, indicatedby odds ratios (ORs) of 2.46 (95%CI, 1.21-5.74) and 3.78 (95% CI, 1.20-13.85), respectively. Moreover, theABCB1 rs1128503 TT and ABCC3 rs4148416 TT genotypes were significantly associated with shorter diseasefreesurvival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Our study found the two SNPs in two transporter genes and onephase II metabolism enzyme to be associated with response to chemotherapy and overall survival in osteosarcomapatients, suggesting potential prognostic biomarker applications of the two SNPs.APT-binding cassetteosteosarcomaclinical outcome2013080145954598http://journal.waocp.org/article_27995_8e1e4169e69f59e1c0a16a91d005726d.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Curcumin Inhibits Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cell Proliferation Through Regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and Cytochrome CWe intended to study the mechanism of the inhibitory action of curcumin on human non-small cell lung cancerA549 cell. The cell growth was determined by CCK-8 assay, and the results indicated that curcumin inhibitedthe cell proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. And to further confirm the relative anti-cancermechanism of curcumin, RT-PCR was carried out to analysis the expression of relative apoptotic proteins Bax,Bcl-2. We found that curcumin could up-regulate the expression of Bax but down-regulate the expression ofBcl-2 in A549 cells. In addition, curcumin affect the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These results suggestedthat curcumin inhibited cancer cell growth through the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and affect the mitochondrialapoptosis pathway.CurcuminBcl-2Baxcytochrome CapoptosisNSCLC cells2013080145994602http://journal.waocp.org/article_27996_e2bfe3a65d6c53fe31c6d7ee347e4be3.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Alters Oxidative Stress Marker and Antioxidant Activity in Cervical Cancer Cell LinesBackground: Cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in women, has a high mortality rate. Cisplatin,an antitumor agent, is generally used for its treatment. However, the administration of cisplatin is associatedwith side effects and intrinsic resistance. Morinda citrifolia (Noni), a natural plant product, has been shown tohave antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Both HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer celllines were treated with 10% Noni, 10 mg/dl cisplatin, or a combination of both 10% Noni and 10 mg/dl cisplatinfor 24 hours. Post culturing, the cells were pelleted and stored at -70oC for malondialdehyde and catalase assays.Results: On treatment with Noni, CP, and their combination, the level of MDA decreased by 0.76 fold, 0.49 fold,and 0.68 fold respectively in HeLa cells; and by 0.93 fold, 0.67 fold, and 0.79 fold respectively in SiHa cells, ascompared to their controls; whereas catalase activity increased by 1.61 fold, 0.54 fold, and 2.35 fold, respectivelyin HeLa cells; and by 0.98 fold, 0.39 fold, and 1.85 fold respectively in SiHa cells. Conclusions: A decrease inlevel of lipid peroxidation and an increase in catalase activity were observed with Noni by itself and the effectameliorated changes observed with cisplatin when given in combination.Morinda citrifolia (Noni)CisplatinMalondialdehydeCatalaseHeLaSiHa2013080146034606http://journal.waocp.org/article_27997_990e76d14461a3e6304320e9aa428cd5.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Effects of Gastric Cancer Cells on the Differentiation of Treg CellsThe aim of this study was evaluated the prevalence of Treg cells in peripheral blood in patients with gastriccancer, and investigate the effect of gastric cancer cells on their differentiation. ELISA was employed to assessthe concentrations of TGF-β and IL-10 in gastric cancer patients’ serum. Then, mouse gastric cancer cells wereco-cultured with T lymphocytes or T lymphocytes + anti-TGF-β. Flow cytometric analysis and RT-PCR werethen performed to detect Treg cells and TGF-β and IL-10 expression in gastric cancer cells. Our data showedthat the expression of TGF-β and IL-10 in the patients with gastric cancer was increased compared to the casewith healthy donors. The population of Treg cells and the expression levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in the co-culturegroup were much higher than in the control group (18.6% vs 9.5%) (Pgastric cancer cellsimmunosuppressionTreg cellsTGF-βIL-102013080146074610http://journal.waocp.org/article_27998_f57d7f0fc3a4ab40baa898c8cd84a00b.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Antioxidants May Protect Cancer Cells from Apoptosis Signals and Enhance Cell ViabilityQuercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids widely present in many fruits and vegetables. Previousin vitro studies has shown that quercetin acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and it has potentanticarcinogenic properties as an apoptosis inducer. In this study we examined apoptotic effects of quercetin onthe K562 erythroleukemia cell line. K562 cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide. Cellviability and apoptosis level were assessed by annexin V and PI staining methods using flow cytometry. Viabilityof K562 cells was increased by low dose of quercetin (5-100 μM) for 3 hours. High doses of quercetin provedtoxic (100-500 μM, 24 hours) and resulted in decrease of K562 cell viability as expected (pquercetinCancerapoptosispreventionCell viability2013080146114614http://journal.waocp.org/article_27999_9b66bcf345d616b11b936dafa32465c9.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148The Synergistic Anticancer Effect of Artesunate Combined with Allicin in Osteosarcoma Cell Line in Vitro and in VivoBackground: Artesunate, extracted from Artemisia annua, has been proven to have anti-cancer potential.Allicin, diallyl thiosulfinate, the main biologically active compound derived from garlic, is also of interest incancer treatment research. This object of this report was to document synergistic effects of artesunate combinedwith allicin on osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Methods: After treatment with artesunate and allicinat various concentrations, the viability of osteosarcoma cells was analyzed by MTT method, with assessmentof invasion and motility, colony formation and apoptosis. Western Blotting was performed to determine theexpression of caspase-3/9, and activity was also detected after drug treatment. Moreover, in a nude mousemodel established with orthotopic xenograft tumors, tumor weight and volume were monitored after drugadministration via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Results: The viability of osteosarcoma cells in the combinationgroup was significantly decreased in a concentration and time dependent manner; moreover, invasion, motilityand colony formation ability were significantly suppressed and the apoptotic rate was significantly increasedthrough caspase-3/9 expression and activity enhancement in the combination group. Furthermore, suppressionof tumor growth was evident in vivo. Conclusion: Our results indicated that artesunate and allicin in combinationexert synergistic effects on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis.Artesunateallicinosteosarcoma cell lineapoptosis2013080146154619http://journal.waocp.org/article_28000_c371b0ae074e35b423ecf5000a081c52.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Mining Proteins Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Complex NetworksThe purpose of this study was to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network related to oralsquamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Each protein was ranked and those most associated with OSCC were minedwithin the network. First, OSCC-related genes were retrieved from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM) database. Then they were mapped to their protein identifiers and a seed set of proteins was built. Theseed proteins were expanded using the nearest neighbor expansion method to construct a PPI network throughthe Online Predicated Human Interaction Database (OPHID). The network was verified to be statisticallysignificant, the score of each protein was evaluated by algorithm, then the OSCC-related proteins were ranked.38 OSCC related seed proteins were expanded to 750 protein pairs. A protein-protein interaction nerwork wasthen constructed and the 30 top-ranked proteins listed. The four highest-scoring seed proteins were SMAD4,CTNNB1, HRAS, NOTCH1, and four non-seed proteins P53, EP300, SMAD3, SRC were mined using the nearestneighbor expansion method. The methods shown here may facilitate the discovery of important OSCC proteinsand guide medical researchers in further pertinent studies.Protein-protein interactionnearest neighbor expansionoral squamous cell carcinoma2013080146214625http://journal.waocp.org/article_28001_8e4f682f9c8a19d95af9a8d8e54296be.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Protective Role of Aspirin, Vitamin C, and Zinc and their Effects on Zinc Status in the DMH-Induced Colon Carcinoma ModelChemoprotection refers to the use of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to suppress or prevent theprogression to cancer. The purpose of this study is to assess the protective effect of aspirin, vitamin C or zinc ina dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) colon carcinoma model in rats and to investigate the effect of these supplementson changes associated with colonic zinc status. Rats were randomly divided into three groups, group 1 (aspirin),group 2 (vitamin C) and group 3 (zinc), each being subdivided into two groups and given subcutaneous injectionof DMH (30 mg/kg body wt) twice a week for 3 months and sacrificed at 4 months (A-precancer model) and6 months (B-cancer model). Groups 1, 2, 3 were simultaneously given aspirin, vitamin C, or zinc supplementrespectively from the beginning till the end of the study. It was observed that 87.5% of rats co-treated with aspirinor vitamin C showed normal colonic histology, along with a significant decrease in colonic tissue zinc at bothtime points. Rats co-treated with zinc showed 100% reduction in tumor incidence with no significant change incolonic tissue zinc. Plasma zinc, colonic CuZnSOD (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase) and alkaline phosphataseactivity showed no significant changes in all 3 cotreated groups. These results suggest that aspirin, vitamin Cor zinc given separately, exert a chemoprotective effect against chemically induced DMH colonic preneoplasticprogression and colonic carcinogenesis in rats. The inhibitory effects are associated with maintaining the colonictissue zinc levels and zinc enzymes at near normal without significant changes.Colorectal CancerZincDMHCuZnSODalkaline phosphataseVitamin CAspirinzinc supplement2013080146274634http://journal.waocp.org/article_28002_c29e41a54b8ef3d7feb2891edc152c8a.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Effects of Vinorelbine on Cisplatin Resistance Reversal in Human Lung Cancer A549/DDP CellsMulti-drug resistance (MDR) is an essential aspect of human lung cancer chemotherapy failure. Recentstudies have shown that vinorelbine is involved in underlying processes in human tumors, reversing the MDRinseveral types of cancer cells. However, the roles and potential mechanism are not fully clear. In this study,we explored effects of vinorelbine in multi-drug resistance reversal of human lung cancer A549/DDP cells. Wefound that vinorelbine increased drug sensitivity to cisplatin and intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123,while decreasing expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi-drug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) andglutathione-S-transferase π (GST-π) in A549/DDP cells. At the same time, we also established downregulationof p-Akt and decreased transcriptional activation of NF-κB and twist after vinorelbine treatment. The resultsindicated that vinorelbine might be used as a potential therapeutic strategy in human lung cancer.vinorelbinehuman lung cancerMultidrug Resistance2013080146354639http://journal.waocp.org/article_28003_b4ff5a472b3476aa69efdd99cfc1a7ed.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Multidisciplinary Collaborative Therapy for 30 Children with Orbital RhabdomyosarcomaObjective: To explore clinical experience and propose new ideas for treating children diagnosed withorbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data for30 patients (16males and 14 females, with a median age of 6.2 years) with primary orbital RMS who were enrolled in theDepartment of Eye Oncology and Pediatrics of our hospital from November 2004 to December 2012. InternationalRhabdomyosarcoma Organization Staging Standards indicated that among the 30 patients, 4 cases were in phaseII, 20 were in phase III, and 6 were in phase IV. All patients underwent a multidisciplinary collaborative model ofcomprehensive treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, external radiotherapy, 125I radioactive particle implantation,and autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation). Results: Follow-up was conducted until March 2013,with a median follow-up time of 47.2 months (5 to 95 months), and 7 deaths occurred. The 2-year estimatedsurvival rate reached 86.1%, the ≥3-year estimated survival rate was 77%, and the 5-year estimated survivalrate was 70.6%. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary collaborative model can be a safe and effective approach tothe comprehensive treatment of children with orbital RMS. It has clinical significance in improving the tumorremission rate.OrbitRhabdomyosarcomaChildrenChemotherapy125I particle2013080146414646http://journal.waocp.org/article_28004_b041e2c092f9a555e1ec4dcafe43497d.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Evaluation of BreastLight as a Tool for Early Detection of Breast Lesions among Females Attending National Cancer Institute, Cairo UniversityBackground: Breast illumination was suggested as a simple method for breast cancer screening. BreastLightis a simple apparatus for this purpose. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of BreastLight as ascreening tool of breast cancer in comparison to mammography and histopathology. Materials and Methods: Thishospital-based cross sectional study was conducted in the mammography unit of the radiodiagnosis departmentat National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. All participants were subjected to breast examination with theBreastLight tool, mammography and ultrasonography. Suspicious cases were biopsied for histopathologicalexamination which is considered as a gold standard. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.3±12.4years. Breast illumination method had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictivevalue and total accuracy of 93.0%, 73.7%, 91.4%, 77.8% and 88.2%, respectively in detection of breast cancer.Conclusions: Breast illumination method with BreastLight apparatus is a promising easy-to-use tool to screen forbreast cancer suitable for primary health care physician or at-home use. It needs further evaluation especiallyin asymptomatic women.Breast cancerearly detectionmammogrambreast illumination methods2013080146474650http://journal.waocp.org/article_28005_bd1a5e134f798bbf8de0ad881e6373ce.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Chloroquine and Valproic Acid Combined Treatment in Vitro has Enhanced Cytotoxicity in an Osteosarcoma Cell LineChoroquine (CQ) and valproic acid (VPA) have been extensively studied for biological effects. Here, wefocused on efficacy of combined CQ and VPA on osteosarcoma cell lines. Viability of osteosarcoma cell lines (U20Sand HOS) was analyzed by MTT assay. Apoptotic assays and colony formation assays were also applied. ROSgeneration and Western Blotting were performed to determine the mechanism of CQ and VPA combination inthe process of apoptosis. The viability of different osteosarcoma cell lines significantly decreased after CQ andVPA combination treatment compared with either drug used alone, and apoptosis was increased significantly.ROS generation was triggered leading to expression of apoptosis related genes being increased and of antiapoptoticrelated genes being decreased. From our data shown here, CQ and VPA combination treatment invitro enhanced cytotoxicy to osteosarcoma cells.ChoroquineValproic acidproliferationapoptosisosteosarcoma cells2013080146514654http://journal.waocp.org/article_27415_503abb29ac0b231dc3de73f54fb9b4e0.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Experiences of Family of Patient with Newly Diagnosed Advanced Terminal Stage Hepatocellular CancerBackground: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the thirdleading cause of cancer-related death worldwide due to its generally poor prognosis. Caregiver burden for livercancer cases is higher than with other cancer and needs especial attention. Methods: To explore the experiencesof families of patients with newly diagnosed advanced terminal stage hepatocellular cancer by interview. Results:Nine participants were recruited in this study. Content analysis of the interviews revealed four themes: blamingoneself, disrupting the pace of life, searching all possible regimens, and not letting go. Conclusions: This studyprovides new insight into the needs and support of family members especially when they are facing loved oneswith newly diagnosed advanced terminal stage HCC. These results will inform future supportive care servicedevelopment and intervention research aimed at providing assistance in reducing unmet supportive care needsand psychological distress of these family members.HCCliver cancerqualitative experiencesfamily membersTaiwan2013080146554660http://journal.waocp.org/article_27416_e5ca2f7079cb4f0eed43d1c5b5fbc1d1.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Survival Analysis in Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Platinum Based Chemotherapy in Combination with Paclitaxel, Gemcitabine and EtoposideBackground: The wide spectrum of clinical features in advanced stages of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) probably contributes to disparities in outcomes because of different prognostic variables significantfor stage IIIB/IV patients. Hence the aim of this study was to check for favorable response of patients to variouschemotherapeutic combinations with respect to patient survival in stage IIIB and stage IV NSCLC disease. Weselected those patients for our study who were receiving treatment with paclitaxel, gemcitabine or etoposide incombination with platinum based drugs. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two patients who visited the hospitalfrom June 2009 to November 2012 with confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer were included, and data were collectedfor follow up and classified according to treatment received with respect to patients’ regimen and response, andoverall survival. This study analyzed tumor variables that were associated with clinical outcome in advancedNSCLC patients who were undergoing first-line chemotherapy for stage IIIB/IV NSCLC. Results: Comparativedata on various parameters like age, gender, stage, histology, site of disease, metastatic site and chemo-regimenswas analyzed; these parameters predicted variable significant improvement for overall survival (p≥0.05). Oneand two year survival rates were 20.8% and 15.3% . Conclusions: In this study we found slight improvementin survival rates in NSCLC and clinical outcomes with one combination (carboplatin+paclitaxel). Overall therewere only marginal differences in survival rates for other chemo-regimens evaluated in this study.Non small cell lung cancerChemotherapymetastatic cancersurvival2013080146614666http://journal.waocp.org/article_27417_b3e6116cd733583e4b448d48b0411e13.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Cigarette Smoking and Prostate Cancer Risk: Negative Results of the Seoul Male Cancer Cohort StudyWe evaluated cigarette smoking as a risk factor for prostate cancer in a prospective, population-based cohortstudy. The subjects were 14,450 males among the participants in the Seoul Male Cancer Cohort Study who hadat least 1-year follow-up. They were followed up between 1993 and 2008. During the 16-year follow-up period,87 cases of prostate cancer occurred over the 207,326 person-years of the study. The age-adjusted relative risksof past and current smokers at entry were 0.60 (95%CI: 0.34-1.06) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.43-1.13), respectively,suggesting that cigarette smoking may not be a risk factor for prostate cancer. The relationship between prostatecancer and other modifiable factors, such as Westernized diet, should be studied with the goal of establishingprevention programs for prostate cancer.Prostate neoplasmsCancer IncidenceCigarette smokingcohort study2013080146674669http://journal.waocp.org/article_28006_085f4f1c2c141a8e5f72b9e140f42b95.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Variation of Blood T Lymphocyte Subgroups in Patients with Non- small Cell Lung CancerObjectives: To study variation in T lymphocyte subgoups and its clinical significance in non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC). Methods: Levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+/CD8+, NK and Treg cells in peripheral bloodof NSCLC cases and healthy adults were determined by flow cytometry. Results: CD3+ , CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ratio and NK cells in NSCLCs were decreased significantly in comparison with the control group (P < 0.01), anddecreased with increase in the clinical stage of NSCLC, while CD8+ cells demonstrated no significant change(P > 0.05). Treg cells were significantly more frequent than in the control group (P < 0.01), and increased withthe clinical stage of NSCLC. Conclusion: The cellular immune function of the NSCLC patients is lowered. Itis important to detect change of T lymphocyte subgroups by flow cytometry for the diagnosis, treatment andprognostic assessment of NSCLC patients.Non- small cell lung cancerlymphocyte subsetFlow cytometrycellular immune2013080146714673http://journal.waocp.org/article_28007_6206aa22712b805126215b2264334a6b.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Effect of miR27a on Proliferation and Invasion in Colonic Cancer CellsThe aim of this study was to detect the expression of miR196a, miR146a, miR27a and miR200a in patientswith colon cancer, and investigate the effect of miR27a expression on proliferation and invasion in colonic cancercells. RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression levels in colon cancers. Then, colon cancer cells werecultured and transfected with 100 nM of miR27a mimics (80 nmol/L) or 80 nM miR27a inhibitors (80 nmol/L) in24-well plates. Proliferation and invasion of colonic cancer cells were then determined by CCK-8 and Transwellassays, respectively. Our data showed miR27a to be high-expressed in patients with colon cancer. In addition,proliferation and invasion in the miR27a mimic group were significantly higher than in the control group andnegative group (Pcolon cancer cellsmiR27aproliferationInvasion2013080146754678http://journal.waocp.org/article_28008_62226a4ee13cf5f3c272721d20d2e106.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148ERCC1 Expression Does Not Predict Survival and Treatment Response in Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cases Treated with Platinum Based ChemotherapyBackground: ERCC1 is considered as a promising molecular marker that may predict platinum basedchemotherapy response in non small cell lung cancer patients. We therefore investigated whether its expression isindeed associated with clinical outcomes in advanced stage NSCLC patients. Materials and Methods: Pretreatmenttumor biopsy samples of 83 stage 3B and 4 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum basedchemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed for immunohistochemical ERCC1 expression. None of the patientsreceived curative surgery or radiotherapy. Results: By calculating H- scores regarding the extent and intensityof immunohistochemical staining of tumor biopsy samples, ERCC1 expression was found to be positive in 50patients (60.2%). ERCC1 positive and negative groups had no statistically significant differences regardingtreatment response, progression free survival and overall survival (respectively p=0.161; p=0.412; p=0.823).Conclusions: In our study we found no association between ERCC1 expression and survival or treatmentresponse. The study has some limitations, such as small sample size and retrospective analysis method. There isneed of more knowledge for use of ERCC1 guided chemotherapy regimens in advanced stage NSCLC.non-small cell lung cancerlung cancer chemotherapyERCC1Molecular markers2013080146794683http://journal.waocp.org/article_28009_8544890e977148cac0573082cfba8de0.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Autophagy Inhibition Sensitizes Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line Sgc7901We aimed to investigate the mechanism and effects of autophagy on cisplatin (DDP)-induced apoptosis inhuman gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. After SGC7901 cells were treated with DDP and/or chloroquine, cellproliferation was measured using MTT assay; cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry; autophagy andapotosis-related proteins expression were detected by Western blot; and quantitative analysis of autophagy aftermonodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining was performed using fluorescence microscopy. We found after treatmentwith 5 mg/L DDP for 24 h, the rates of cell apoptosis were (21.07±2.12)%. Autophagy, characterized by an increasein the number of autophagic vesicles and the level of LC3-II protein was observed in cells treated with DDP.After inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine, the rates of cell apoptosis were increased to (30.16±3.54)%, andthe level of Caspase-3 and P53 protein were increased, and Bcl-2 protein was decreased. Therefore, autophagyprotects human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 against DDP-induced apoptosis, inhibition of autophagy canpromote apoptosis, and combination therapy with DDP and chloroquine may be a promising therapeutic strategyfor gastric cancer.autophagyCisplatinchloroquineapoptosisGastric cancer2013080146854688http://journal.waocp.org/article_28010_3b4adad0f06eac1a49b9307ac1c9fd52.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Ultrasound Score to Select Subcentimeter-sized Thyroid Nodules Requiring Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Eastern ChinaUltrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a costly diagnostic item with a low yield inidentifying the tiny proportion of nodules that actually represent malignant disease. Our aim through this studywas to obtain an ultrasound (US) score for selecting subcentimeter-sized thyroid nodules requiring FNAB ineastern China. Some 248 patients for a total of 270 thyroid nodules less than 1 cm in diameter underwent FNABand subsequent surgery from January 2006 to March 2012 at our hospital. The clinicopathological and US datafrom all the nodules were analyzed retrospectively. An US score was developed on the basis of independentpredictive factors for malignancy. Irregular shape, hypoechogenicity, no well-defined margin, presence ofcalcifications and ratio between antero-posterior and transversal diameters (AP/TR) ≥1 were independentpredictive factors for malignancy on logistic regression analysis. US score were statistically significant, with ≤2favoring benignancy with an 80.3% sensitivity and a 72.7% specificity. US score is useful for differentiatingbetween malignant and benign subcentimeter-sized thyroid nodules. We suggest FNAB for nodules when theUS score is higher than 2.thyroid noduleThyroid cancerUltrasonographyfine needle aspiration2013080146894692http://journal.waocp.org/article_28011_8d6204fbdfc04cc082169d5da8e514c5.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Malignant Transformation Arising from Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary: Experience at a Single InstitutionBackground: Malignant transformation arising in mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is one of the most seriouscomplications of MCT. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant change. Some clinical findingssuch as advanced age group and large tumor size are significant risk factors of malignant transformation.This study was conducted in order to evaluate characteristics, cell types, treatment and outcome of malignanttransformation arising from dermoid cysts in our institution. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart reviewwas performed. General characteristics, operative data, procedure, operative finding and operative outcomewere analyzed. Statistical assessment was performed with SPSS version 17.0, using mean, mode, median andpercentage to describe those data. Results: During the 10 years period, 11 cases of malignant transformation froma total of 753 cases (1.46% incidence) of MCT were reviewed. Mean age of the patients was 41.2 years (SD 4.34,range 24-70). The most common presenting symptom was a palpable mass (8 cases; 72.7%). Primary surgicalstaging was performed in 4 patients (36.4%). Re-staging was conducted in the other 4. Complete cytoreductionwas obtained in 45.5% (5 cases) and optimal surgical resection was obtained in 36.4% (4 cases). Mean tumorsize was 14.1 cm. (SD 1.55, range 6-20). Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 36.4% (4 cases) and mucinouscancer in the other 4. More than half of them were stage Ia (54.5%, 6 cases). All patients whose stage morethan Ia received chemotherapy (45.5%). Mean disease free survival was 5.53 years (1.32, 0.3-10). Conclusion:According to our study, the incidence of malignant transformation was consistent with previous studies. Thecommon malignant transformation histologic types are both squamous and mucinous carcinoma which differedfrom previous reports. Early detection for early stage disease and optimal surgery are important for long termsurvival.Malignant transformationmature cystic teratomadermoidCharacteristicsoutcome2013080146934697http://journal.waocp.org/article_28012_e9e97e6d181d09cd99668a4e761efba9.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Limited Diagnostic Value of microRNAs for Detecting Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysisBackground: MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to play important roles in the development and progressionof colorectal cancer. Several studies utilizing microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC)have been reported. The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize thediagnostic value of microRNAs for detecting colorectal cancer. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase andCochrane Library for published studies that used microRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of colorectalcancer. Summary estimates for sensitivity, specificity and other measures of accuracy of microRNAs in thediagnosis of colorectal cancer were calculated using the bivariate random effects model. A summary receiveroperating characteristic (SROC) curve was also generated to summarize the overall effectiveness of the test.Result: Thirteen studies from twelve published articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. The overallsensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odd ratio of microRNAsfor the diagnosis of colorectal cancer were 0.81 (95%CI: 0.79-0.84), 0.78 (95%CI: 0.75-0.82), 4.14 (95%CI: 2.90-5.92), 0.24 (95%CI: 0.19-0.30), and 19.2 (95%CI: 11.7-31.5), respectively. The area under the SROC curve was0.89. Conclusions: The current evidence suggests that the microRNAs test might not be used alone as a screeningtool for CRC. Combining microRNAs testing with other conventional tests such as FOBT may improve thediagnostic accuracy for detecting CRC.Colorectal CancerMicroRNAsDiagnosticMeta-analysis2013080146994704http://journal.waocp.org/article_28013_ddb6d7dbb9224672e775ec5ccfb20a8d.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Community Health Worker Hepatitis B Education for Cambodian American Men and WomenBackground: Cambodian Americans have high rates of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and livercancer. There is very limited information about the utility of community health worker (CHW) approaches tocancer education for Asian American men. We have previously reported our positive findings from a trial ofCHW education about HBV for Cambodian Americans who had never been tested for HBV. This report describessimilarities and differences between the outcomes of our CHW HBV educational intervention among CambodianAmerican men and women. Methods: The study group for this analysis included 87 individuals (39 men and 48women) who were randomized to the experimental (HBV education) arm of our trial, participated in the CHWeducational intervention, and provided follow-up data six months post-intervention. We examined HBV testingrates at follow-up, changes in HBV-related knowledge between baseline and follow-up, and barriers to HBVtesting (that were reported to CHWs) by gender. Results: At follow-up, 15% of men and 31% of women reportedthey had received a HBV test (p=0.09). HBV-related knowledge levels increased significantly among both menand women. With respect to HBV testing barriers, women were more likely than men to cite knowledge deficits,and men were more likely than women to cite logistic issues. Discussion: Our study findings indicate that CHWinterventions can positively impact knowledge among Cambodian American men, as well as women. They alsosuggest CHW interventions may be less effective in promoting the use of preventive procedures by CambodianAmerican men than women. Future CHW research initiatives should consider contextual factors that may differby gender and, therefore, potentially influence the relative effectiveness of CHW interventions for men versuswomen.Cambodian Americanshepatitis B infectionliver cancercommunity health workers2013080147054709http://journal.waocp.org/article_28014_2b0a1fd5936818a51e9c8d6786e320ca.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy Combined with Endocrine Therapy for Intermediate and Advanced Prostate Cancer: Long-term Outcome of Chinese PatientsAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate acute adverse events and efficacy of three-dimensional intensitymodulatedradiotherapy (IMRT) combined with endocrine therapy for intermediate and advanced prostatecancer. Methods: Sixty-seven patients were treated with three-dimensional IMRT combined with maximumandrogen blockade. The correlation between radiation-induced rectal injury and clinical factors was furtheranalyzed. Results: After treatment, 21 patients had complete remission (CR), 37 had partial remission (PR), andnine had stable disease (SD), with an overall response rate of 86.5%. The follow-up period ranged from 12.5 to99.6 months. Thirty-nine patients had a follow-up time of ≥ five years. In this group, three-year and five-yearoverall survival rates were 89% and 89.5%, respectively; three-year and five-year progression-free survival rateswere 72% and 63%. In univariate analyses, gross tumor volume was found to be prognostic for survival (χ2 =5.70, P = 0.037). Rates of leucopenia and anemia were 91.1% and 89.5%, respectively. Two patients developedacute liver injury, and a majority of patients developed acute radiation proctitis and cystitis, mainly grade 1/2.Tumor volume before treatment was the only prognostic factor influencing the severity of acute radiation proctitis(P < 0.05). Conclusions: IMRT combined with endocrine therapy demonstrated promising efficacy and was welltolerated in patients with intermediate and advanced prostate cancer.Prostate cancerradiotherapyendocrine therapyprognosis2013080147114715http://journal.waocp.org/article_28015_5450dd14eb5a30930939356d174be168.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148An Australian Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Prognostic Role of p53 and eIF4E Cancer Markers in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): Study ProtocolComplete surgical resection of the primary tumour is a crucial predictive step for head and neck squamouscell carcinoma (HNSCC), because incomplete resection may lead to increase in the recurrence rate. Molecularcancer markers have been investigated as potential predictors of prognosis marker, to identify patients who areat high risk of local recurrence. This retrospective study aimed to determine the prognostic correlation betweenp53 and eIF4E expression and clinical characteristics, recurrence and overall survival. Forty eight HNSCCpatients were selected between 2006 and 2009 diagnosed at the Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NorthernTerritory, Australia. Out of 48, only those 24 with negative surgical margins with hematoxylin and eosin (HandE)were chosedn for further analysis. A total of 77 surgical margins were obtained and subsequently analysed byimmunohistochemical (IHC) staining with monoclonal p53 and polyclonal eIF4E antibodies. Contingency tableand χ2-test were used to investigate the correlation between p53 and eIF4E expression and clinical characteristics,recurrence and overall survival of the HNSCC patients. The follow up period was 74 months (range 1-74 months).The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate recurrence and survival curves. This is a first retrospectivestudy of Northern Territory patients, including Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Molecular study ofsurgical margins could help to identify patients with and without clear margins after surgery and help in choiceof the most appropriate adjuvant treatment for HNSCC patients.Head and neck squamous cell carcinomap53eIF4Eimmunohistochemistryrecurrencesurvival2013080147174721http://journal.waocp.org/article_28016_6e80b6754855ecacb924dc21e0e382e2.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Age at Diagnosis in Bladder Cancer: Does Opium Addiction Play a Role?Background: Bladder cancer is a major health problem, especially among men. Opium addiction can bean important risk factor. One important question is whether it can affect the age of onset of bladder cancer.We performed this study to evaluate this question. Materials and Methods: In a cross-section study, recordsof patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma in Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, within 1999-2008 wereincluded. Data were extracted from records regarding age at onset, gender, smoking status, and opioid addictionand analyzed with SPSS 13. Results: Within 10 years, 920 cases were diagnosed with bladder cancer of which 97percent were transitional cell carcinoma. In 698 cases, opium addiction status was recorded in 21.3% (n=149).Age at diagnosis was 59.7±11.51 (median: 60) among opioid addicts which was significantly lower than nonaddicts(63.1±13.65, Median: 65) (PBladder cancerRisk factorage of onsetopium addictionsmoking2013080147234725http://journal.waocp.org/article_28017_5255d2352defadba3016652f99cc3207.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Pyogenic Liver Abscess as a Warning Sign for Primary Liver Cancer: A Nationwide Population-based StudyBackground: There have been no large-scale population-based studies to estimate the subsequent risk ofprimary liver cancer (PLC) among patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). This study aimed to providerelevant data. Materials and Methods: The Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database for the years 2000and 2005 was used. The PLA group were adult inpatients who were newly diagnosed with PLA from 2000 to2008. The control group was randomly selected and matched with the PLA group in terms of age, sex, and datein which medical treatment was sought other than for PLA. Results: There were 1,987 patients each in the PLAand control groups. In total, 56 had PLC, 48 (2.4%, 601.5 per 100,000 person-years) from the PLA group, and8 from the control group. After adjusting for potential covariates, the hazard ratio of PLC for the PLA groupwas 3.4 times that of the control group (95% confidence interval = 1.6-7.3, p Liver abscessLiver neoplasmscohort studiesRisk2013080147274731http://journal.waocp.org/article_28018_ff6010e02f84d28270b20e2390652a10.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Breastfeeding and the Risk of Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisPurpose: Numerous observational epidemiological studies have evaluated associations between breastfeedingand the risk of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the existing results are inconsistent. We thereforeconducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Medical literature was searched in the Pubmed andEmbase databases to identify all English-language relevant studies up to April 10, 2013. Reference lists werethereafter hand-searched for additional articles. Studies that reported relative risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratios(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were included. This meta-analysis was conducted in accordancewith the guidelines for the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology. Results: We finally included10 case-control studies in our meta-analysis, involving 1,618 childhood Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 8,181controls. Overall, we did found a borderline significant association between breastfeeding and reduced riskof childhood Hodgkin lymphoma comparing ever breastfed children to never breastfed children (pooled OR=0.79; 95%CI, 0.58-1.08; P=0.13), with limited evidence for between-study heterogeneity (P =0.12, I2 = 35.70%).Conclusion: There is limited evidence for an inverse association between breastfeeding and risk of childhoodHodgkin lymphoma.Breastfeedingchildhood Hodgkin lymphomaMeta-analysiscase-control studies2013080147334737http://journal.waocp.org/article_28019_3f92fc695e2c355d6a2da4ed06b31579.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148GSTT1 null and MPO -463G>A Polymorphisms and Carboplatin Toxicity in an Indian PopulationCarboplatin, a second generation platinum drug, is widely used to treat different types of cancers. However,myelosuppression remains a major consideration in its use. Genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involvedin drug disposition can influence therapeutic outcome. The homozygous null deletion of phase II metabolicgene GSTT1 that abolishes its xenobiotic- detoxifying ability may be associated with carboplatin toxicity.Further, since carboplatin generates oxidative stress, polymorphisms of oxidative stress genes that regulate thecellular level of free radicals may have important roles in generating drug- related adverse effects. We hereinvestigated the null polymorphism of GSTT1, and the -463G>A promoter polymorphism of oxidative stressgene myeloperoxidase (MPO) for carboplatin toxicity in a population of northern India. Cancer patients whowere treated with carboplatin, and developed toxicity was considered. The study group comprised of 10 patientswho developed therapy- related adverse effects. Peripheral blood was taken from patients for DNA isolation.GSTT1 null genotype was determined by conducting duplex PCR and MPO-463 G>A was determined by PCRfollowed by RFLP. Hematologic toxicity was experienced by 5 patients, 2 of them had grade 3 and 4 toxicity and3 others had grade 2 toxicity. They also had gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Remaining 5 individuals developedGI toxicity but no hematological toxicity. While GG homozygous of MPO was present in majority of patientshaving hematologic toxicity (in 4 out of 5 individuals), one A allele (AG genotype) was present in 4 patientswho did not have any hematological toxicity. Thus variant A allele of MPO -463G>A may be related to lowerhematological toxicity. These preliminary data, however, are required to be confirmed in larger studies alongwith other relevant polymorphisms.carboplatinGSTT1Kumaun regionMPOpolymorphismToxicity2013080147394742http://journal.waocp.org/article_28020_6e65395799567941fe150ab70b170f68.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Osteoporosis among Korean Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination SurveysBackground: Identifying and managing osteoporosis among cancer survivors is an important issue, yet littleis known about the bone health of cancer survivors in Korea. This study was designed to measure the prevalenceof osteoporosis and to assess related factors among Korean cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: Thisstudy was designed as a cross-sectional analysis. Data were obtained from dual energy X-ray absorptiometrymeasurement of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck, and from standardized questionnaires among 556cancer survivors and 17,623 non-cancer controls who participated in the Fourth and Fifth Korea NationalHealth and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008-2011). We calculated adjusted proportions of osteoporosis innon-cancer controls vs. cancer survivors, and we performed multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:The prevalence of osteoporosis among cancer survivors was significant higher than that of the non-cancercontrols after adjusting for related factors. Furthermore, osteoporosis among cancer survivors was higher inelderly subjects (60-69 years : adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.04, 95% CI : 1.16-8.00, ≥70 years : aOR 6.60, 95%CI 2.20-19.79), in female cancer survivors (aOR: 7.03, 95% CI: 1.88-26.28), and in a group with lower monthlyincome (aOR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.31-8.71). In male cancer survivors, underweight and lower calcium intake wererisk factors. Conclusions: These data suggest that the osteoporosis among cancer survivors varies according tonon-oncologic and oncologic factors. Effective screening should be applied, and a sufficient and comprehensivemanagement should be matched to individual cancer survivors early after cancer treatment.osteoporosisPrevalenceRisk factorcancer survivorsKorea2013080147434750http://journal.waocp.org/article_28021_39ac3dfaf43c145d1f898cb9eff37407.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Does Immunohistochemistry Provide Additional Prognostic Data in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors?Background: To investigate the predictive and prognostic effects of clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical(IHC) features in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). Materials and Methods: Fifty-sixpatients who were diagnosed with GIST between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. Relationshipsbetween clinicopathologic/immunohistochemical factors and prognosis were investigated. Results: Medianoverall survival (OS) of the whole study group was 74.9 months (42.8-107.1 months), while it was 95.2 monthsin resectable and 44.7 months in metastatic patients respectively (p=0.007). Epitheliolid tumor morphology wassignificantly associated with shortened OS as compared to other histologies (p=0.001). SMA(+) tumours weresignificantly correlated with low (gastrointestinal stromal tumorimmunohistochemistrypredictive potentialprognosis2013080147514758http://journal.waocp.org/article_28022_a8684ba924cd011a99c588289586e8f8.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Risk Factors for Early and Late Intrahepatic Recurrence in Patients with Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma Without Macrovascular Invasion after Curative ResectionBackground: Prognostic factors of postoperative early and late recurrence in patients with hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) undergoing curative resection remain to be clarified. The aim of this study was to identifyrisk factors for postoperative early (≤ 2 year) and late (> 2 year) intrahepatic recurrences in patients with singleHCCs without macrovascular invasion. Methods: A total of 280 patients from December 2004 to December2007 were retrospectively included in this study. Intrahepatic recurrence was classified into early (≤ 2 year) andlate (> 2 year) and the Chi-Square test or Fisher’s exact test and multivariate logistic regression analysis wereperformed to determine significant risk factors. Results: During the follow-up, 124 patients had intrahepaticrecurrence, early and late in 82 and 42 patients, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showedthat microvascular invasion (p=0.006, HR: 2.397, 95% CI: 1.290–4.451) was the only independent risk factorfor early recurrence, while being female (p = 0.031, HR: 0.326, 95% CI: 0.118–0.901), and having a high degreeof cirrhosis (P=0.001, HR: 2.483, 95% CI: 1.417–4.349) were independent risk factors for late recurrence.Conclusions: Early and late recurrence of HCC is linked to different risk factors in patients with single HCCwithout macrovascular invasion. This results suggested different emphases of strategies for prevent of recurrenceafter curative resection, more active intervention including adjuvant therapy, anti-cirrhosis drugs and carefulfollow-up being necessary for patients with relevant risk factors.Hepatocellular carcinomahepatectomyRisk factortumor recurrence2013080147594763http://journal.waocp.org/article_28023_aac255b6d3bc616377693128a8341fdd.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Research on the Relationship Between Serum Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Non-small Cell Lung CancerAims: This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF in serum of patientswith non- small cell lung cancer, for assessing their possible diagnostic and prognostic roles. Methods: Weenrolled 48 patients newly diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and 40 healthy controls. TNF- α, IL-6and IL-8 levels were measured in the serum of all the subjects with specific radioimmunoassay kits, while EGFwas analyzed by sandwich enzyme immunoassay techniques. Results: A statistically signiﬁcant difference wasobserved between lung cancer patients and the control group regarding the values of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 andVEGF in serum. Moreover, TNF-α, IL-8 and VEGF levels were higher in patients with advanced stages comparedto early stages. In addition, higher serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF were found in smokers than innon-smokers, both in patients and controls. Conclusion: Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF were allelevated in lung cancer patients, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines could be jointly used as a screening tool.Though TNF-α, IL-8 and VEGF levels were related to advanced disease, long-term survival studies of NSCLCpatients should be performed to confirm whether they can act as biomarkers of advanced disease. In addition,smoking would be an important contributor to the processes of inflammation and lung cancer.TNF-αIl-6IL-8VEGFserum valuesnon-small cell lung cancer2013080147654768http://journal.waocp.org/article_28024_5a2f0a2b24a6791d4ac8f77ddea1ffa4.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Overall Survival of Filipino Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Single-Institution ExperienceThis paper is the first to present the incidence and overall survival of patients with squamous cell carcinomaof the head and neck (SCCHN) from the extreme northern part of the Philippines. We retrospectively retrievedthe records of patients with histologically-confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx,hypopharynx and larynx at the Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center, Ilocos Norte, Philippines,from 2003 to 2012 and analysed prognostic factors associated with survival. Of the 150 cases, only 80 (53.3%) werestill living when the study was terminated. Median age at initial diagnosis was 61.5 years and the male to femaleratio was 7:3. The majority of the cases had tumours in the oral cavity (50.7%), followed by the larynx (36.7%).Sex (log rank=1.94, p value/α=0.16), tumor site (log rank=0.02, p value/α=0.90), tumor grade (log rank=1.74, pvalue/α=0.42), and node stage (log rank=0.07, p value/α=0.80) were not shown to be associated with the survivalof our cases. Only 45 (30.0%) had no regional lymph node involvement (N0) at presentation and 12 (8.0%) hadalready developed distant metastases. Among the 150 patients, 71 (47.3%) were not able to receive treatment ofany kind. Oddly, treatment (log rank=1.65, p value/α=0.20) was also shown to be not associated with survival.The survival rate of those who underwent surgery, radiotherapy, or both was not statistically different fromthose who did not receive any treatment. Only the tumor stage (log rank=4.51, p value/α=0.03) was associatedwith patient survival. The overall mean survival was 49.3 months, with survival rate diminishing from 88.3%during the 1st year to 1.80% by end of the study. This relatively low survival rate of our cases only reflects theirpoor access to quality diagnostic and treatment facilities.Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and necksurvivalTreatmenttumor stagePhilippines2013080147694774http://journal.waocp.org/article_28025_19873061748b271258ac33e371a8ef38.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148GPR48 Promotes Multiple Cancer Cell Proliferation via Activation of Wnt SignalingThe key signaling networks regulating cancer cell proliferation remain to be defined. The leucine-rich repeatcontaining G-protein coupled receptor 48 (GPR48) plays an important role in multiple organ development. Inthe present study, we investigated whether GPR48 functions in cancer cells using MCF-7, HepG2, NCI-N87and PC-3 cells. We found that GPR48 overexpression promotes while its knockdown using small interferingRNA oligos inhibits cell proliferation. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated in cells overexpressingGPR48. Therefore, our results indicated that GPR48 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to regulate cancer cellproliferation.GPR48Wnt/β-catenincancer cellCell proliferation2013080147754778http://journal.waocp.org/article_28026_dca71709b1883534afdd6459b704fedd.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Subtypes of White Blood Cells in Patients with Prostate Cancer or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Healthy IndividualsBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the baseline white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte,monocyte, basophil, eosinophil count, total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA), free PSA (FPSA) level, neutrophilto-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratios among patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatichyperplasia (BPH), as well as healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: 2005-2012 laboratory files of 160patients with prostate cancer at Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Oncology Outpatient Clinic, 285patients who were pathologically diagnosed with BPH in Urology Outpatient Clinic and 200 healthy individualswho were admitted to Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline WBC,neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil count, TPSA, FPSA level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratioand neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio were recorded and compared across groups. Results: Patients with prostatecancer had a lower lymphocyte level compared to the patients with BPH and healthy controls (pProstate cancerBenign prostate hyperplasiawhite blood cellNeutrophilMonocytelymphocyte2013080147794783http://journal.waocp.org/article_28027_141c1436e4d9f9268621241b39028c4e.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Survival: A Metaanalysis of Cohort StudiesBackground and Objectives: Evidence for associations between alcohol consumption with breast cancersurvival are conflicting, so we conducted the present meta-analysis. Methods: Comprehensive searches wereconducted to find cohort studies that evaluated the relationship between alcohol consumption with breastcancer survival. Data were analyzed with meta-analysis software. Results: We included 25 cohort studies.The meta-analysis results showed that alcohol consumption was not associated with increased breast cancermortality and recurrence after pooling all data from highest versus lowest comparisons. Subgroup analysesshowed that pre-diagnostic or post-diagnostic consumpotion, and ER status did not affect the relationship withbreast cancer mortality and recurrence. Although the relationships of different alcohol consumption with breastcancer mortality and recurrence were not significant, there seemed to be a dose-response relationship of alcoholconsumption with breast cancer mortality and recurrence. Only alcohol consumption of >20 g/d was associatedwith increased breast cancer mortality, but not with increased breast cancer recurrence. Conclusion: Althoughour meta-analysis showed alcohol drinking was not associated with increased breast cancer mortality andrecurrence, there seemed to be a dose-response relationship of alcohol consumption with breast cancer mortalityand recurrence and alcohol consumption of >20 g/d was associated with increased breast cancer mortality.AlcoholBreast neoplasmssurvivalMeta-analysis2013080147854790http://journal.waocp.org/article_28028_53f2d0c62db62617ae5ed02f9b2502cc.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Phase II Study on Javanica Oil Emulsion Injection (Yadanzi®) Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Lung AdenocarcinomaPurpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Javanica oil emulsion injection (Yadanzi®) combinedwith pemetrexed and platinum (PP) for treating patients with advanced lung cancer. Patients and Methods:From June 2011 to June 2013, we recruited 58 patients with advanced lung cancer, and divided them into twogroups. Twenty eight patients received Yadanzi® (from ZheJiang Jiuxu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) togetherwith PP chemotherapy (combined group), while the others were given only PP chemotherapy (control group).After two cycles of treatment, efficacy and safety of treatment were evaluated. Results: The overall responserate [(CR+PR+SD)/(CR+PR+SD+PD)] of the combined group was higher than that of control group (89.7% vs.86.2%, p>0.05). Regarding rate of life improvement, it was 82.8% in combined group, and 51.7% in the controlgroup (pJavanica oil emulsion injectionLung adenocarcinomaToxicitytolerability2013080147914794http://journal.waocp.org/article_28029_3db3b0cc579698471534d0fef8407b4a.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Challenges in Volunteering from Cancer Care Volunteers PerspectivesThe involvement of non-government organizations (NGOs) and support groups has helped strengthen publichealth services in addressing cancer care burden. Owing to the contribution of volunteers in cancer care, thisarticle documents a qualitative study that examined challenges in attracting and retaining cancer care volunteersas part of the effort to develop a volunteer recruitment model. Data were collected through three focus groupdiscussions involving 19 cancer support group members in Malaysia. Findings of the study revealed that mobilityand locality appeared to be significant in Malaysian context, while the need for financial support and timeflexibility are challenges faced by cancer support groups to attract and retain volunteers. The findings implythat cancer care initiatives can benefit from more local volunteers but at the same time these volunteers requireflexibility and financial support to sustain their engagement.Volunteerismcancer care volunteersupport groupMalaysia2013080147954800http://journal.waocp.org/article_28030_e006a7334cccb99e93b54eb899bdc695.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Clinical Study on Mannan Peptide Combined with TP Regimen in Treating Patients with Non-small Cell Lung CancerPurpose: To investigate short-term response rate, quality of life and toxicities of mannan peptide combinedwith TP regimen in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Fortyone patients with NSCLC were divided into an experimental group treated with TP regimen combined withmannan peptide (21 patients) and a control group treated with TP alone (20 patients). Results: Response rateswere 61.9% (13/21) for the experimental and 60% (12/20) for the control group (p>0.05). Regarding toxicity,white blood cell decreased more frequently in the control group (65%, 13/20) than in the experimental group(33.3%, 7/21) (pPacilitaxelCisplatinmannan peptidenon-small cell lung cancerToxicity2013080148014804http://journal.waocp.org/article_28031_2ef14f020dfddbdf8ac100374b515563.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Evaluation of Quality of Life in Turkish Patients with Head and Neck CancerBackground: In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of factors, such as radiotherapy, the doseof radiotherapy, the region of radiotherapy, the age of the patient, performance, co-morbidity, the stage of thedisease and the therapy modalities on the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer. Materials andMethods: Eighty-two patients who were treated by either chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy, at the CumhuriyetUniversity Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, between February 2007 and September 2010,for head and neck cancer were included. The quality of life European Organisation for Research and Treatmentof Cancer, Questionnaire module to be used in Quality of Life assessments in Head and Neck Cancer (EORTCQLQ-H&N35) questionnaire was conducted in all patients before starting the radiotherapy, in the middle, at theend, at 1 month and at 6 months after the treatment. Results: According to the questionnaires at the end and atthe 6th month after the radiotherapy, it was found that the age of the patient, co-morbidity, ECOG performancestate, localization, type of treatment, the stage of the disease, the dose and the region of radiotherapy affect someof the symptom scales for quality of life. Conclusions: Quality of life was affected negatively during and afterthe radiotherapy. However, in the 6th month after the therapy, a significant improvement was observed in mostsymptoms.chemoradiotherapyhead and neck cancerlife qualityradiotherapy2013080148054809http://journal.waocp.org/article_28032_271f20f7e4715c44daad0f5d421f9b34.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Significance of Blood Group and Social Factors in Carcinoma Cervix in a Semi-Urban Population in IndiaBackground: To assess the significance of social factors as risk factors for carcinoma cervix and to determinethe significance of blood group to prevalence of carcinoma cervix in a semi-urban population of Kolar, Karnataka,India. Materials and Methods: One hundred cases of carcinoma cervix were included in the study, along with200 females of the same ages considered as controls. Case details were collected from the hospital record sectionregarding social factors and blood groups and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Results:Blood group B showed the highest number of cases (55 cases) followed by blood group O (29 cases) in carcinomacervix which was statistically significant (pCarcinoma cervixBlood groupSocial factorsKarnataka2013080148114814http://journal.waocp.org/article_28033_13b9ee025bc29dd67d5b26a26d927680.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Diagnostic Value of Protein Ki67 (MIB-1) in Atypical Pap Smears of Postmenopausal WomenBackground: Atrophic epithelium of cervix sampled from postmenopausal women may mimic high-gradecervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Papanicolaou-stained (Pap) smears. Ki-67 (MIB-1) protein presents onproliferating cells, and percentage of cells with positive nuclei provides a reliable tool for rapid evaluation ofthe growth fraction. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of protein Ki67 staining inatypical pap smears of postmenopausal women. Methods: In a case-control setting, pap smears of 75 womenwith an atypical pap smear (case group) and 75 with normal pap smears (controls) were obtained before andafter estrogen treatment. Afterward, samples were exposed to the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (MIB-1) and theimmunohistochemically demonstrated Ki-67+ cells were compared. Results: Mean ages of cases and controlswere 60.4±4.5 and 59.9±4.3 years respectively (P=0.50). There was one (2.7%) positive Ki-67 specimen in thecase group, without any positive Ki-67 specimen in the control group (P=0.50). Conclusions: Measurement ofproliferative activity index in Pap smears restrained with MIB1 is a simple, reliable, and cost-effective methodfor excluding negatives. This would imply that it might allow a substantial reduction of diagnostic estrogencourses and subsequent Pap smears in postmenopausal women with atypical findings.Vaginal smearsKi-67 antigenpostmenopausenegative predictive potential2013080148154818http://journal.waocp.org/article_28034_dfb39cbd806d9002b5c394f92868e75e.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Increased Serum S-TRAIL Level in Newly Diagnosed Stage-IV Lung Adenocarcinoma but not Squamous Cell Carcinoma is Correlated with Age and SmokingBackground: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Many factors can protectagainst or facilitate its development. A TNF family member TRAIL, has a complex physiological role beyondthat of merely activating the apoptotic pathway in cancer cells. Vitamin D is converted to its active form locallyin the lung, and is also thought to play an important role in lung health. Our goal was to investigate the possibleclinical significance of serum sTRAIL and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) levels in patients with non-small celllung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Totals of 18 consecutive adenocarcinoma and 22 squamous cellcarcinoma patients with stage-IV non-small cell lung cancer referred to our institute were included in this study.There were 12 men and 6 women, with ages ranging from 38 to 97 (mean 60.5) years with adenocarcinoma, and20 men and 2 women, with ages ranging from 46 to 80 (mean 65) years with squamous cell carcinoma. Serumlevels of sTRAIL and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) were measured in all samples at the time of diagnosis. Results:sTRAIL levels in NSCLC patients were higher than in the control group. Although there was no correlationbetween patient survival and sTRAIL levels, the highest sTRAIL levels were correlated with age and cigarettesmoking in the adenocarcinoma patients. sTRAIL level in healthy individuals were correlated with serum1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Conclusions: Serum sTRAIL concentrations were increased in NSCLC patients,and correlated with age and smoking history, but not with overall survival.Soluble TRAILnon-small cell lung cancerAdenocarcinomaSquamous Cell Carcinoma2013080148194822http://journal.waocp.org/article_28035_ae260260f4be8e430fc5e6ccf47f427b.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148AZD1480 Can Inhibit the Biological Behavior of Ovarian Cancer SKOV3 Cells in vitroObjective: To study the mechanism of effects of AZD1480 on the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. Methods:The MTT method was used to assess cellular proliferation, flow cytometry for cellular apoptosis, the scratch testto determine migration, transwell chamber assays to detect cellular invasion, plate clone experiments to detectthe clone forming ability and Western blotting to determine p-STAT3 protein levels. Results: The proliferationrate, migration ability, invasiveness and the clone forming ability of SKOV3 cells were reduced after treatmentwith AZD1480, while apoptosis rate and chemotherapeutic susceptibility were increased. After treatment withAZD1480 plus cisplatin, the apoptosis rate increased significantly while the expression level of p-STAT3 proteinwas decreased. Conclusion: AZD1480 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and clone formation ofSKOV3 cells, induce cellulsar apoptosis, increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and reduce the expressionlevel of p-STAT3 protein.SKOV3 cellsJAK inhibitorAZD1480biological behaviorP-STAT32013080148234827http://journal.waocp.org/article_28036_bd50ae5e882f3769ffe87f0eb9bcfd3a.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour of Women Working in Government Hospitals Regarding Breast Self ExaminationBackground: Breast self examination (BSE), performed regularly every month, is one of the most importantmethods in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. This study was performed with the aim of establishing theknowledge, attitudes, and behavior of women working in government hospitals within the province of Samsunregarding BSE. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January-March 2012,on a total of 550 women (500 health personnel, and 50 general administration services (GAS) workers) from 7government hospitals and the Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening, and Education Centre (CEDSEC). Percentageswere used for the descriptive statistics, and the chi-square test for the evaluation of statistical importance. Valuesof pBreast cancerhealth personnelself breast examinationTurkey2013080148294834http://journal.waocp.org/article_28037_350d36ae741fbc202b4d5263fceb25dd.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Feasibility Study of Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide Six-Cycle Therapy as Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Japanese Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancer PatientsBackground: We compared treatment completion rates and safety of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide sixcycletherapy (TC6) with docetaxel followed by 5FU, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (T-FEC) therapy inJapanese patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. Materialsand Methods: We administered TC6 q3w or T-FEC q3w to HER2-negative breast cancer patients. The primaryendpoint of this trial was toxicity. As second endpoints, the treatment completion rate and relative dose intensitywere evaluated. Results: The TC6 and T-FEC group consisted of 22 and 21 patients, respectively. Concerninghematological toxicity, grade 3 or higher adverse reactions included neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. Asnon-hematological adverse events, exanthema and peripheral neuropathy were frequently reported in theTC6 group, whereas more patients of the T-FEC group reported nausea and vomiting. In TC6, the treatmentcompletion rate was 86.4% and the relative dose intensity of docetaxel was 93.2%. In T-FEC, the values were95.2% and 98.9%, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that TC6 is tolerable in Japanese, and thatthis regimen can also be performed in outpatient clinics. However, with the TC6 regimen, the compliance wasslightly lower than with the T-FEC regimen, and supportive therapy needs to be managed appropriately.Early breast cancerAdjuvant chemotherapyCyclophosphamideDocetaxelfeasibility2013080148354838http://journal.waocp.org/article_28038_a46eed329aa2934c94c0605bf6688efc.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Schistosomiasis Combined with Colorectal Carcinoma Diagnosed Based on Endoscopic Findings and Clinicopathological Characteristics: A Report on 32 CasesAims and Background: To improve understanding of the relationship between schistosome-related enteropathyand colorectal carcinoma with particular focus on endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics ofcolonic schistosomiasis. Materials and Methods: All cases of intestinal schistosomiasis diagnosed at West ChinaHospital, Chengdu, China, between October 2006 and October 2012 were included in this study. A total of 179cases of colonic schistosomiasis diagnosed through colonoscopy and pathological examinations were collectedfor analysis and the demographics, symptoms, endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics wereretrospectively evaluated. Results: Of the 179 colonic schistosomiasis patients, 32 combined with colorectalcancer (CRC) were found, between the ages of 44 and 85 years (24 males, 75%). These 32 lesions were classifiedas 12 endophytic/ulcerative (37.5%), 10 exophytic/fungating (31.2%), 4 annular (12.5%), 3 giant polypus (9.4%),and 3 Ⅱc (superficial depressed type) (9.4%). The segments of rectum and sigmoid colon were involved in 19patients (59.4%) and 6 patients (18.8%), respectively. The histopathologic types were classified as follows: 30 welldifferentiatedadenocarcinomas, one mucinous adenocarcinoma and one poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.The pathological findings suggest colorectal malignancy with deposited schistosome ova. Conclusions: Chronicschistosomal infestation has a probable etiological role in promoting genesis of colorectal neoplasms.colonoscopypathological examinationColorectal carcinomaSchistosomiasis2013080148394842http://journal.waocp.org/article_28039_8e0e1ce374fae1324270163f96301cc8.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Safety Assessment of Intravenous Administration of Trastuzumab in 100ml Saline for the Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer PatientsBackground: The infusion rate is considered to affect incidence and severity of infusion reactions (IRs) causedby protein formulations. Trastuzumab (TRS) is approved for 90-minute infusion as the initial dose followed by30-minute infusion with 250 ml saline. In the study, we evaluated the safety of TRS intravenously administeredover 30 minutes with 100 ml saline to reduce burden of patients, safety of infusion with 250 ml saline alreadybeing established. Materials and Methods: Women with HER2 positive breast cancer, ≥18 years and ≥55% leftventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), were registered in the study. Patients received 8mg/kg of TRS 250 ml over90 minutes followed by 6mg/kg of TRS 100ml over 30 minutes in a three-week cycle. Results: A total of 31 patientswere recruited, 24 for adjuvant therapy and seven with metastases. The median age was 59 years (range 39 to82). The total number of TRS doses ranged from 5 to 17 with the median of 15. Mild IR occurred in two patientsat the first dose. However, no IR was observed after reducing to 100 ml saline. No decrease of LVEF, increase ofserum brain natriuretic peptide or any other adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Intravenous infusionof TRS with 100 ml saline over 30 minutes in breast cancer patients can be considered safe based on results fromthe study. It can be given on an outpatient basis as with the currently recommended dilution in 250 ml saline.Trastuzumabinfusion reactionBreast cancer100 ml saline2013080148434846http://journal.waocp.org/article_28040_5f6c95d7a06d5f8408b5431b9650cc50.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Is FDG –PET-CT A Valuable Tool in Prediction of Persistent Disease in Head and Neck CancerObjectives: To evaluate accuracy of FDG-PET CT in prediction of persistent disease in head and neck cancercases and to determine prognostic value of metabolic tumor response. Materials and Methods: Between 2009and 2011, 46 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck receiving PET-CT were treated withdefinitive radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. There were 29 nasopharyngeal, 11 hypopharyngeal, 3oropharyngeal and 3 laryngeal cancer patients, with a median age of 50.5 years (range 16-84), 32 males and 14females. All patients were evaluated with PET-CT median 3-5 months (2.4-9.4) after completion of radiotherapy.Results: After a median 20 months of follow up, complete metabolic response was observed in 63% of patients.Suspicious residual uptake was present in 10.9% and residual metabolic uptake in 26.0% of patients. The overallsensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FDG-PET-CT for detection ofresidual disease was 91% and 81%, 64% and 96% respectively. Two year LRC was 95% in complete responderswhile it was 34% in non-complete responders. Conclusions: FDG PET CT is a valuable tool for assessment oftreatment response, especially in patients at high risk of local recurrence, and also as an indicator of prognosis.Definitely more precise criteria are required for assessment of response, there being no clear cut uptake valueindicating residual disease. Futhermore, repair processes of normal tissue may consume glucose which appearas increased uptake in control FDG PET CT.PET-CThead and neck cancerNasopharyngeal cancerresponse evaluationSUV2013080148474851http://journal.waocp.org/article_28041_bd5c04c2144a7004983f66d8dcfdc193.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Hypoxia Induced Multidrug Resistance of Laryngeal Cancer Cells via Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1αObjectives: To investigate whether hypoxia has an effect on regulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) tochemotherapeutic drugs in laryngeal carcinoma cells and explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Methods: Laryngeal cancer cells were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The sensitivityof the cells to multiple drugs and levels of apoptosis induced by paclitaxel were determined by MTT assay andannexin-V/propidium iodide staining analysis, respectively. HIF-1α expression was blocked by RNA interference.The expression of HIF-1α gene was detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The valueof fluorescence intensity of intracellular adriamycin accumulation and retention in cells was evaluated by flowcytometry. Results: The sensitivity to multiple chemotherapy agents and induction of apoptosis by paclitaxelcould be reduced by hypoxia (PCell hypoxia - hypoxia inducible factor-1α - drug resistancemultiple - laryngeal neoplasms2013080148534858http://journal.waocp.org/article_28042_b3010df6d9984c2c2de06166ce7c8999.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Topical Use of Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-Based Cream to Prevent Radiation Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients: a Single-Blind Randomized Preliminary StudyBackground: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a recombinant human epidermalgrowth factor (EGF)-based cream for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patientsreceiving radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: Between December 2012 and April 2013, 40 breast cancerpatients who received postoperative RT were prospectively enrolled in this study and randomly assigned toreceive human recombinant EGF-based cream (intervention group) or general supportive skin care (controlgroup). The grade of radiation dermatitis and pain score were examined at weekly intervals during RT and 6weeks after RT completion. Results: All patients completed the planned RT and complied well with instructionsfor applying the study cream and general supportive skin care. In the intervention group, radiation dermatitis ofmaximum grade 3, 2, and 1 developed in 3 (15%), 11 (55%), and 6 patients (30%), respectively. In comparison,in the control group, radiation dermatitis of maximum grade 3, 2, and 1 developed in 8 (40%), 10 (50%), and2 patients (10%), respectively. The intervention group showed lower incidence of grade 3 radiation dermatitisthan the control group (p=0.068 in univariate analysis and p=0.035 in multivariate analysis). There was nostatistically significant difference in the maximal pain score between the two groups (p=0.934). Conclusions:This single-blind randomized preliminary study showed that recombinant human EGF-based cream can have abeneficial role in preventing or minimizing radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients. To confirm the resultsof our study, additional studies with a large sample size are required.Breast cancerradiation dermatitisepidermal growth factor2013080148594864http://journal.waocp.org/article_28043_de979f42780233a9f30c984cc7857718.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Acceptability among Female University Students in South AfricaBackground: The objectives of this present study were to assess the awareness of cervical cancer and its riskfactors among female undergraduates in South Africa, and to determine the their level of acceptability of HumanPapillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in March2013 among 440 full time undergraduate female students. Results: Of those students who never had sex (n=163),96 (58.9%) had ever heard of cervical cancer and only 12 students (12.5%) knew that HPV causes cervical cancer.More than a third (35.4%) of the students correctly said that sexual intercourse before age of 18 years is a riskfactor for cervical cancer and 55.2% of the students knew about the Pap smear test which is used for screeningcervical cancer. The majority (77.3%) were willing to accept HPV vaccination. Results revealed that students whoknew about the Pap smear test, and were aware that having multiple sex partners, sexual intercourse before theage of 18 years, smoking and having contracted any STDs are risk factors for cervical cancer were more likelyto accept HPV vaccination compared to other groups. Conclusions: The general knowledge of South Africanfemale university students about cervical cancer is not sufficient but they have positive attitudes toward gettingvaccinated with the HPV vaccine.cervical cancerHPV vaccinationAcceptabilityuniversity studentSouth Africa2013080148654869http://journal.waocp.org/article_28044_6e95ea0b9135374a7589cc6eff33e6a1.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Meta-analysis of Outcomes Compared between Robotic and Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric CancerThis meta-analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the outcomes of robotic gastrectomy (RG)and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for treating gastric cancer. A systematic literature search was carried outusing the PubMed database, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library database to obtain comparativestudies assessing the safety and efficiency between RG and LG in May, 2013. Data of interest were analyzedby using of Review Manager version 5.2 software (Cochrane Collaboration). A fixed effects model or randomeffects model was applied according to heterogeneity. Seven papers reporting results that compared roboticgastrectomy with laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer were selected for this meta-analysis. Our metaanalysisincluded 2,235 patients with gastric cancer, of which 1,473 had undergone laparoscopic gastrectomy,and 762 had received robotic gastrectomy. Compared with laparoscopic gastrectomy, robotic gastrectomy wasassociated with longer operative time but less blood loss. There were no significant difference in terms of hospitalstay, total postoperative complication rate, proximal margin, distal margin, numbers of harvested lymph nodesand mortality rate between robotic gastrectomy and laparoscopic gastrectomy. Our meta-analysis showed thatrobotic gastrectomy is a safe technique for treating gastric cancer that compares favorably with laparoscopicgastrectomy in short term outcomes. However, the long term outcomes between the two techniques need to befurther examinedMeta-analysisroboticlaparoscopicGastrectomyGastric cancer2013080148714875http://journal.waocp.org/article_28045_daaa617689109e789426667664d3de63.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Awareness of Turkish Female Adolescents and Young Women about HPV and their Attitudes Towards HPV VaccinationBackground: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccines and attitudestowards vaccination among the females aged 9-24 years in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Self-administeredquestionnaires were filled out individually by the participants covering demographic information, knowledgeabout HPV infection and HPV vaccines, attitudes towards vaccination, and the perceptions of them about theirparental attitudes about vaccination. Results: Of the 408 subjects participating in the study, 41.6% (n=170) hadheard of HPV. Thirty-three percent (n=136) knew the causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer.Only 27.9% (n=114) of them knew that HPV vaccines can prevent cervical cancer. Eleven percent (n=46) of thefemales participating in the study were willing to be vaccinated, and only 1.4% (n=6) were already vaccinated atthe current time. The main reason listed among the participants who were not willing to be vaccinated was lackof information. Conclusions: Awareness and knowledge of Turkish female adolescents and young women aboutHPV, relation with cervical cancer and prevention of cervical cancer by Pap smear and vaccine are still limited.If the most important barrier to vaccination, which is reported as lack of information, were to be addressed, itwould greatly impact the decision-making and vaccine acceptance.HPVVaccineknowledgeacceptanceadolescentsTurkey2013080148774881http://journal.waocp.org/article_28046_4a0d2626efd09ee0ba44f905cf5c4f4d.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Upregulated Myc Expression in N-Methyl Nitrosourea (MNU)- induced Rat Mammary TumoursBackground: The most common incident cancer and cause of cancer-related deaths in women is breast cancer.The Myc gene is upregulated in many cancer types including breast cancer, and it is considered as a potentialanti-cancer drug target. The present study was conducted to evaluate the Myc (gene and protein) expressionpattern in an experimental mammary tumour model in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty six Sprague Dawleyrats were divided into: Experimental group (26 animals), which received the chemical carcinogen N-methylnitrosourea (MNU) and a control group (10 animals), which received vehicle only. c-Myc oncoprotein and itsmRNA expression pattern were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and semi-quantitative reversetranscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively, in normal rat mammary tissue and mammarytumours. The rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was used as internal control forsemi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Histopathological examination of mammary tissues and tumours from MNUtreated animals revealed the presence of premalignant lesions, benign tumours, in situ carcinomas and invasivecarcinomas. Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumour tissues showed upregulation and heterogeneous cellularlocalization of c-Myc oncoprotein. The expression levels of c-Myc oncoprotein were significantly elevated (75-91%) in all the tumours. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed increased expression of c-Myc mRNA in mammarytumours compared to normal mammary tissues. Conclusions: Further large-scale investigation study is needed toadopt this experimental rat mammary tumour model as an in vivo model to study anti-cancer strategies directedagainst Myc or its downstream partners at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level.Mycrat mammary tumouroverexpressionimmunohistochemistrysemiquantitative RT-PCR2013080148834889http://journal.waocp.org/article_28047_70f9e76b7d4cfc9b3555cd06230e4c16.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Growth, Clonability, and Radiation Resistance of Esophageal Carcinoma-derived Stem-like CellsObjective: To separate/enrich tumor stem-like cells from the human esophageal carcinoma cell line OE-19by using serum-free suspension culture and to identify their biological characteristics and radiation resistance.Methods: OE-19 cells were cultivated using adherent and suspension culture methods. The tumor stem-likephenotype of CD44 expression was detected using flow cytometry. We examined growth characteristics, cloningcapacity in soft agar, and radiation resistance of 2 groups of cells. Results: Suspended cells in serum-free mediumformed spheres that were enriched for CD44 expression. CD44 was expressed in 62.5% of suspended cells, butonly in 11.7% of adherent cells. The suspended cells had greater capacity for proliferation and colony formationin soft agar than the adherent cells. When the suspended and adherent cells were irradiated at 5 Gy, 10 Gy,or 15 Gy, the proportion of CD44+ suspended cells strongly and weakly positive for CD44 was 77.8%, 66.5%,57.5%; and 21.7%, 31.6%, 41.4%, respectively. In contrast, the proportion of CD44+ adherent cells stronglypositive for CD44 was 18.9%, 14.%, and 9.95%, respectively. When the irradiation dose was increased to 30Gy, the survival of the suspended and adherent cells was significantly reduced, and viable CD44+ cells were notdetected. Conclusion: Suspended cell spheres generated from OE-19 esophageal carcinoma cells in serum-freestem medium are enriched in tumor stem-like cells. CD44 may be a marker for these cells.Esophageal carcinomatumor stem-like cellsCD442013080148914896http://journal.waocp.org/article_28048_fe1a4fe71f8fa16adcccf43d281bb98d.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening Based on a Mathematical Screening Model using data from the Hiroshima Prefecture Cancer RegistryHere we assessed the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening using data from the Hiroshima PrefectureCancer Registry regarding patient age at the start of screening and differences in screening intervals. A screeningmodel was created to calculate the health status in relation to prognosis following cervical cancer screening andits influence on life expectancy. Epidemiological data on the mortality rate of cervical cancer by age groups andmortality rates from the Hiroshima Prefecture Cancer Registry were used for the model projections. Our resultsshowed that life expectancy when screening rate was 100% compared with 0% was extended by approximately1 month. Furthermore, when the incidence of cervical cancer was 0% compared with the screening rate was100%, life expectancy was extended by a maximum of 3 months. Moreover, among individuals affected by cervicalc ancer, a difference of 13 years in life expectancy was calculated between screened and unscreened groups.cancer registrycervical cancermathematical screening model2013080148974902http://journal.waocp.org/article_28049_953ed140dc31fb0344b13b42f2833ef1.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Cervical Precancerous Lesions and Cancer among Patients in the Gynaecology Outpatient Department at a Tertiary Hospital in South AfricaBackground: The purpose of this study was to determine proportional rates of cervical precancerous lesionsand cancer, and associations with socio-demographic variables, HIV status, and CD4 cell count. Materials andMethods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted targeting the medical records of all women over age18 that were diagnosed histologically through colposcopy with cervical precancerous lesions and cancer from1 December 2011 to 30 November 2012. Results: A total of 313 patient records were used for data analysis. Theaverage age was 39.1 (SD=2.04) years. More than a third (37.1%) of the patients had CIN III or cervical cancer.There was a significant association between age, CD4 cell count, HIV status, and cervical lesions (pCervical precancerous lesions and cancerCD4 cell countHIV statusnational guidelinesSouth Africa2013080149034906http://journal.waocp.org/article_28050_004381a58269e7373780a6d76a4fe0d3.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Lgr4 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation through Activation of Wnt SignalingThe key signaling networks regulating glioma cell proliferation remain poorly defined. The leucine-richrepeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 (Lgr4) has been implicated in intestinal, gastric, and epidermalcell functions. We investigated whether Lgr4 functions in glioma cells and found that Lgr4 expression wassignificantly increased in glioma tissues. In addition, Lgr4 overexpression promoted while its knockdown usingsmall interfering RNA oligos inhibited glioma cell proliferation. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activatedin cells overexpressing Lgr4. Therefore, our results revealed that Lgr4 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling toregulate glioma cell proliferation.Lgr4Wntβ-cateninGliomaCell proliferation2013080149074911http://journal.waocp.org/article_28051_72b2cd82445e520f546e562b5144e8b5.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Inpatients’ Knowledge about Primary Liver Cancer and HepatitisObjective: To assess the level of an inpatient population’s awareness about hepatitis and primary liver cancer(PLC), the most common type of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and then to initiate education ofthis group. Methods: A survey was conducted with 1300 participants within the inpatient unit in representativetertiary hospitals in the Chaoshan area of China. Structured questionnaires contained demographic data andstatements about different aspects of liver cancer and hepatitis. The questionnaires were completed by trainedmedical practitioners after they had conducted the interviews. Results: One way ANOVA showed that thesample population lacked adequate knowledge about HCC and hepatitis. Stepwise multiple regression analysisdemonstrated that the participant’s level of education had the greatest impact on their total knowledge scorewhen other variables remained constant. Conclusions: The study demonstrated: a general lack of awarenessamongst the participants about the preventative strategies, and the management options available for peoplewith primary liver cancer and hepatitis; education level was an important factor affecting knowledge levels.The demonstrated deficiencies in people’s knowledge about hepatitis and HCC, and their lack of subsequentprotective behaviours are likely to play an important role in HCC and hepatitis transmission or prevention.Primary liver cancer (PLC)hepatocellular cancer (HCC)hepatitisknowledgepreventioneducation2013080149134918http://journal.waocp.org/article_28052_96c23ee0571f6ec3b460d66234c1b160.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Breast Self Examination Practice and Breast Cancer Risk Perception among Female University Students in AjmanBreast cancer is the top cancer in women worldwide and its incidence is increasing, particularly in developingcountries. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), many cases are first diagnosed in later stages and at youngerage compared to those seen in developed countries. Early detection in order to improve breast cancer outcomeand survival remains the cornerstone of breast cancer control. Performance of breast self examination is one ofthe important steps for identifying breast disease at an early stage, by the woman herself. No information hashitherto been available about the frequency of this practice among female university students in UAE or abouttheir breast cancer risk perception and therefore the present study was conducted in Ajman. It was found that22.7% of the participants practiced BSE but only 3% of them practiced BSE monthly. Marital status but notage as significantly associated with age likelihood. The most frequent reported barriers for BSE were lack ofknowledge, considering oneself not at risk and the absence of doctor advice. These factors need to be taken intoaccount in intervention efforts.Breast cancerBreast self examinationRisk PerceptionUnited Arab Emirates2013080149194923http://journal.waocp.org/article_28053_7a9b8b3ae0660a194f9d448207ec45da.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Evaluation of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Application in First and Second Degree Relatives of Patients with Breast CancerBackground: The aim of this study was to determine beliefs concerning breast self-examination in first- andsecond-degree relatives of patients with breast cancer and evaluate their breast self-examination (BSE) application.Materials and Methods: A survey study was conducted in an oncology polyclinic and general surgery clinic ofa hospital in Ankara, the capital of Turkey with a sample of 140 women. Results: It was determined that 60.7%of the participants had conducted BSE and 48.1% had undergone a clinical breast examination. Perceived selfefficacyof the women who performed BSE were significantly higher compared with women who did not practiceBSE (pBreast cancerBreast Self-Examinationhealth beliefrelatives2013080149254930http://journal.waocp.org/article_28054_1e51a9da5bda01b7d16e37505cbd77ed.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Effect of Reiki on Symptom Management in OncologyReiki is a form of energy therapy in which the therapist, with or without light touch, is believed to accessuniversal energy sources that can strengthen the body’s ability to heal itself, reduce inflammation, and relievepain and stress. There is currently no licensing for Reiki nor, given its apparent low risk, is there likely to be.Reiki appears to be generally safe, and serious adverse effects have not been reported. So in this article providescoverage of how to use Reiki in oncology services.Reikioncology servicesSymptom management2013080149314933http://journal.waocp.org/article_28055_e0131d6b8bf6c8185b15b7a483215bab.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Challenges and Outlook for the UICC-Asian Regional OfficeAt the United Nations High-level Meeting on Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control in 2011the link between health and socioeconomic issues was raised, becoming a global political issue. Health equity isone challenge that has hitherto not been addressed directly, although there is a growing shared recognition thatcancer in Asia is an urgent social issue. At the UICC-ARO we are working to promote and widen networks ofindividuals and organizations in Asia and involve them in cooperation for this purpose. As part of our currentactivities, we are addressing the question of the “Economic burden of cancer in Asian countries: How should weface the current situation?” from a variety of angles and seeking to bring together a wealth of multidisciplinaryknowledge about cancer in Asia and its related socioeconomic factors. It is essential to ensure that the real pictureof cancer in Asia, which is currently not accurately understood, is conveyed clearly to all concerned, and alsothat the differences between cancer in Asia and in the West are highlighted.Cancer controlInternational OrganizationsCooperationhealth equityAsia specific problems2013080149354937http://journal.waocp.org/article_28056_c3843bc9fc2d6dbe8fb25a3dd5fbd04e.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148What and Where for Publications by Cancer Registries in the Asian Pacific? - Roles for the APJCP in the FutureThe absolute necessity of cancer registration for cancer control planning is well accepted. The registry at thenational or local level can provide not only essential data for cancer incidence, mortality and survival but mayalso point to risk and protective factors and efficacy of interventions by conducting epidemiological research.Timely publication of research findings in PubMed indexed journals is of the essence, especially in examplesthat allow free access so that the widest dissemination of information can be achieved. The present commentarycovers the scope of research in Asia or using Asian data the period 2008-2013, nearly 40% of a total of over 300papers being published in the APJCP. In order to reach its full potential the registry should incorporate manyskills. Cooperation for this purpose, whether it be national, regional, Asia-wide or international, is a high priorityand the International Agency for Research on Cancer, together with the National Cancer Institute in Thailandand the APOCP/APJCP are staging an Asian Cancer Network Forum in Bangkok in February of 2014 to allowdiscussion of ways forward. It is hoped that representatives from all regions of Asia will decide to attend anda l so contribute country reports for publication in a special supplement of the APJCP.Cancer registration researchjournalsfree accessInternational Cooperation2013080149394942http://journal.waocp.org/article_28057_86388045bfab749abd9048d5ba421401.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Importance of Patient-Physician Relationship in Cancer Prevention: A Self Experience-Based Survey2013080149434944http://journal.waocp.org/article_28059_d162f6cede5b5e986634bd81e3c2038f.pdf2013-08-01Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionAsian Pac J Cancer Prev1513-73681513-73682013148Robotic Prostatectomy in Urological Surgery: An Observership at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York2013080149454945http://journal.waocp.org/article_28060_a5e0db8955d144c5b36cd9ea652dc727.pdf