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(1867?–1923). Originally named Wassaja, Native American physician Carlos Montezuma was born to the Yavapai Indians in Arizona’s Superstition Mountains. The Yavapai were also known as the Mojave-Apaches. Wassaja was captured by Pima Indians in 1871 and sold to Carlos Gentile, a photographer and prospector. He named the boy Montezuma and called him by the first name Carlos after himself. Gentile committed suicide in 1877, and Montezuma stayed with several different families until he began studies at the University of Illinois. He received a B.S. in 1884 and graduated from the Chicago Medical College in 1889. He practiced in Chicago, North Dakota, and Nevada and protested conditions on Indian reservations. He rejected offers from presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to lead the Bureau of Indian Affairs. His book Let My People Go was published in 1914, and he founded the Indian magazine Wassaja in 1916. Montezuma died in 1923 at the Fort McDowell Reservation in Arizona.

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