2018-03-20T07:29:20Zhttp://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=7342010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131Matrigel Enhances in vitro Bone Differentiation of Human Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsMohamadrezaBaghaban EslaminejadFatemehBagheriElhamZomorodianObjective(s)
The use of co-culture cells as well as extra cellular matrix are among those strategies that have been
employed to direct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) bone differentiation in culture. In this regard, there is no study considering the effects of Matrigel on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in vitro bone differentiation. This was the subject of the present study.
Materials and Methods
Human passaged-3 MSCs isolated from the marrow aspirates were seeded on either Matrigel or conventional polystyrene plastic surfaces (as control) for 10 days. To compare the cell proliferation in two cultures, the cell numbers were determined during the cultivation period. For bone differentiation, the confluent cultures from either group were provided with osteogenic medium and incubated for 21 days during which the alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity, culture mineralization and the expression of some bone-related genes were quantified and statistically compared.
Results
MTT assay indicated that Matrigel-cultivated cells underwent statistically less proliferation than polystyrenecultivated cells (PCell proliferationMatrigelMesenchymal progenitor cellsOsteogenesis20100101187194http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5062_7f3a8500472a24d0a9075a6ef1301b4c.pdf2010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131Synthesis and Effects of Novel Dihydropyridines as Dual Calcium Channel Blocker and Angiotensin Antagonist on Isolated Rat AortaFarzinHadizadehMohsenImenshahidiPaymanEsmailiMortezaTaghiabadiObjective(s)
Four novel losartan analogues 5a-d were synthesized by connecting a dihydropyridine nucleus to imidazole ring. The effects of 5a and 5b on angiotensin receptors (AT') and L-type calcium channels were investigated on isolated rat aorta.
Materials and Methods
Aortic rings were pre-contracted with 1 pM Angiotensin II or 80 mM KCl and relaxant effects of losartan, nifedipine, 5a and 5b were evaluated by cumulative addition of these drugs to the bath solution.
Results
The results showed that compounds 5a and 5b have both L-type calcium channel and AT' receptor blocking activity. Their effects on AT' receptors are 1000 and 100,000 times more than losartan respectively. The activity of compound 5b on L-type calcium channel is significantly less than nifedipine but compound 5a has comparable effect with nifedipine.
Conclusion
Finally we concluded that these two new Compounds can be potential candidates to be used as effective antihypertensive agents.AngiotensinaortaDihydropyridine20100101195201http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5063_61ebff70fcaad6f0ca2f2bc3ccb96931.pdf2010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131Effects of Different Psychotropic Agents on the Central Nerve Growth Factor ProteinParichehrHassanzadehAnnaHassanzadehObjective(s)
Psychotropic medications produce their effects, in part, through increasing neurotrophin levels in the brain. Since studies concerning nerve growth factor (NGF) analysis have been limited in scope, in the current experiments we investigated the effects of diverse psychotropic agents on NGF protein levels in various brain regions of rat.
Materials and Methods
Male Wistar rats received acute and chronic administration of drugs and electroconvulsive shock (ECS). Twenty four hr after the last treatment, NGF quantification was performed using sandwich ELISA kit.
Results
Acute administration of desipramine, phenelzine, fluoxetin, chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg, each), haloperidol (1 mg/kg), or clozapine (20 mg/kg) failed to alter NGF protein in any brain structure investigated. However, a single ECS treatment significantly elevated NGF protein in the hippocampus. Chronic administration (21 days) of desipramine, fluoxetine, phenelzine, haloperidol and clozapine led to a reliable enhancement of NGF protein in the frontal cortex. In addition desipramine, fluoxetine, phenelzine, and clozapine significantly increased NGF protein in the hippocampus. In the olfactory bulb, chronic injections of desipramine and fluoxetine elevated NGF level, however, phenelzine and haloperidol decreased NGF. Repeated applications of ECS (10 days) led to a remarkable augmentation of NGF protein in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and olfactory bulb. Neither acute nor chronic treatment with the benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide altered NGF level in the examined brain regions.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that diverse psychotropic treatments may regulate NGF protein level in a brain region-specific fashion which may be indicative of their therapeutic properties.BrainElectroconvulsive shockNerve growth factorPsychotropic agentsRat20100101202209http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5064_770757beb1d32c1cd98771ef5e85a4b0.pdf2010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131Molecular Identification and Conventional Susceptibility Testing of Iranian Clinical Mycobacterium fortuitum IsolatesParvinHeidariehHasanShojaeiMohamad MehdiFeizabadiAsgharHavaeiAbodolrazaghHashemiBehroozAtaeiAbassDaei NaserObjective(s)
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are capable of producing diseases in humans. Since mycobacteria vary in their susceptibility, precise identification is critical for adoption of correct drug therapy. The main aim of this study was molecular identification and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Iranian clinically isolated Myocbacterium fortuitum.
Materials and Methods
A total of 72 presumptively identified isolates of clinical atypical mycobacteria collected by Isfahan Research Center for Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine during 2006-2008 were included in the current study. A combination of conventional and molecular tests was applied to identify the isolates. Molecular methods including genus and group specific PCR and PCR-Restriction Algorithm (PRA) based on hsp65 gene were applied to achieve exact identification of mycobacterial strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing onM. fortuitum isolates was performed by in-house prepared broth microdilution test..
Results
Out of 72 collected atypical mycobacteria isolates, we identified 25 strains of M. fortuitum. All strains had the specific molecular markers of mycobacterial identity and similar species specific PRA pattern of the international type strain of M. fortuitum. Drug susceptibility testing showed that the M. fortuitum isolates are sensitive to amikacin, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin (100%), imipenem (92%), clarithromycin (76%), cefoxitin (56%) and doxycycline (16%).
Conclusion
Molecular identification of atypical mycobacteria based on PRA is a reliable and rapid approach which can identify mycobacterial strains to the species level. Our study showed that M. fortuitum plays a significant role in pulmonary and extrapulmonary infection in patients and should be given proper considerations when clinical samples are processed.Broth microdilutionIdentificationMycobacteriumSusceptibility testHeat shock protein gene (hsp65)20100101210215http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5065_b9582848d1a645a6b6c283f787e192f5.pdf2010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Cardiac Arrhythmias and Infarct Size in Ischemic-Reperfused Isolated Rat HeartMoslemNajafiSabaGhaffaryElnazShasebObjective(s)
This study aimed to examine whether acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) was able to reduce cardiac arrhythmias and infarct size in the ischemic-reperfused isolated rat heart.
Materials and Methods
The isolated hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus then perfused by a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution during 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion (control) or by enriched Krebs solution with 0.375, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mM of ALC (treatment groups). The ECGs were recorded and analyzed to determine cardiac arrhythmias. The infarct size was determined by using a computerized planimetry package.
Results
During ischemia, all used concentrations of ALC decreased number and duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT), total number of ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) (PAcetyl-L-carnitineArrhythmiaIschemiaMyocardial infarctionRatReperfusion20100101216222http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5066_471cb4e4703213b44836a9e8d914f0a1.pdf2010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131Effect of Amlodipine in Comparison to Nifedipine on Vascular Perfusion Pressure of Isolated Rat KidneyLiliSepehr-AraSoltan AhmedEbrahimiVahabBabapoorMassoudMahmoudianObjective(s)
This study aimed to investigate and to compare the effects of nifedipine and amlodipine, dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on perfusion pressure of isolated perfused rat kidney.
Materials and Methods
Following the establishment of renal perfusion with a constant baseline pressure of 85-95 mmHg, the renal vasculature was constricted by phenylephrine (PE) injection. Changes in the baseline perfusion pressure were recorded. Then nifedipine and amlodipine prepared in perfusion medium was fed to the kidney for 30 min. Finally alterations in the baseline pressure arising from PE administrations in the presence of CCBs were recorded and data analyses were done.
Results
PE-induced increases in perfusion pressure attenuated significantly in the presence of 5 and 10 pM of nifedipine and 1, 5, and 10 pM of amlodipine. Increases in perfusion pressure arising from PE (100 and 200 pM) in the presence of amlodipine (1, 5, and 10 pM) was significantly less than that in the presence of nifedipine (1, 5, and 10 pM). Calculated EC50 value of amlodipine for inhibition was significantly lower than that of nifedipine. Based on the EC50 values, the potency of amlodipine in inhibiting PE-induced responses is significantly higher compared to nifedipine.
Conclusion
The potency of amlodipine in inhibiting PE-induced increments in renal perfusion pressure is significantly higher compared to nifedipine.AmlodipineIsolated rat kidneyNifedipine20100101223229http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5067_8b760d3d038f5730553a9be02c2a14bd.pdf2010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131The Survey of Genes Encoding Beta-Lactamases, in Escherichia Coli Resistant to Beta-Lactam and Non-Beta-Lactam AntibioticsFereshtehShahcheraghiSiavashNasiriHaniehNoveiriObjective(s)
Resistance to the new generation of cephalosporins which is mediated by Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) has been found among Escherichia coli isolates throughout the world. These resistance genes and their producers, the micro-organisms carrying beta-lactamases, are responsible for serious clinical and therapeutic problems among inpatients and it is necessary to pay more attention to detection of ESBLs producing organisms.
Materiasl and Methods
Collectively 260 isolates of E. coli were obtained from 6 hospitals in Tehran (Iran) during April-2006 to April-2007. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates were determined by disk diffusion method. phenotypic confirmatory test (PCT) was carried out for screening of ESBLs. Microbroth dilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftazidime. Isolates showing MIC>2 pg/ml were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX and blaPER genes.
Results
The PCT showed that 48.08% of isolates are ESBL producers (125 of 260). The majority of cefotaxime resistant (90.8%) and ceftazidime resistant (92.5%) isolates were ESBL producers. The obtained results by PCR revealed that 5.77% (n=15 of 260) and 24.23 (n=63) of isolates can produce SHV and TEM type enzymes respectively. blaCTX was detected in 20.38% of isolates (n=53) and none of them could produce blaPER type beta-lactamases.
Conclusion
The results of our study showed that the ESBL genes have high prevalence among clinical isolates of E. coli. Such high dissemination of ESBLs is a serious problem for public health and therefore, it's necessary to seek a program for monitoring ESBLs in hospitals.antibiotic resistanceEscherichia coliExtended-spectrum beta-lactamases20100101230237http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5068_b0df7064b1c9e4739755f8a8ab509fcd.pdf2010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131Microinjection of NMDA Receptor Agents into the Central Nucleus of the Amygdale Alters Water Intake in RatsJalalSolatiRaminHajikhaniObjective(s)
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a forebrain structure which is important in regulation of ingestive behavior and there is direct and circumstantial evidence to indicate that some circuits involved with feeding behavior include glutamatergic elements. The present study examined whether administration of NMA (N-Methyl-DL-aspartic acid) or MK801 into the CeA altered water intake under deprivation.
Materials and Methods
Animals were deprived for 24 hr before tested for water intake. NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamatergic receptor agonist, NMA and its antagonist, MK801 were infused bilaterally, and water intake measured for 1 hr thereafter.
Results
The intra-CeA injection of NMDA glutamatergic agonist, NMA (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 pg/rat) increased water intake (PCentral amygdalaN-methyl-D-aspartateWater intake20100101238241http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5069_8ff3d14a016764242bb9a41508740094.pdf2010-01-0110.22038Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38662010131Effects of Rat’s Licking Behavior on Cutaneous Wound HealingBehnamAbbasianShahrzadAziziAbolghasemEsmaeiliObjective(s)
Wound licking has been shown to advance wound healing among humans and many other animals. The present study evaluates the licking effects on healing of skin wound in rats.
Materials and Methods
Twenty four rats were assigned to 4 different groups randomly and two 3 cm longitudinal full thickness incisions were made on each dorsal and ventral side of rats. The ventral incisions were considered as treated wounds because of contact to saliva as rats lick them easily and dorsal incisions as control wounds. Clinical changes and histopathological effects of rat saliva on wound healing were evaluated every day and on 3, 7, '4 and 2' days post-operation respectively.
Results
Histologic and clinical evaluation of treated wounds showed better healing than control wounds.
Conclusion
This study showed that licking behavior can promote wound healing. Thus salivary compounds could be isolated, be mass produced and may have potential to become as common as antibiotic cream.Licking behaviorRatSalivaWound Healing20100101242247http://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_5071_1688088bfe8eb215d9fc788c1919b286.pdf