McClave AK, McKnight-Eily LR, Davis SP, Dube SR. American Journal of Public Health. AJPH First Look, published online ahead of print Oct 21, 2010. This study used data from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey to estimate smoking prevalence, frequency, intensity, and quit attempts among US adults who had been diagnosed with selected mental illnesses at some point in their lifetime. Illnesses or conditions included serious psychological distress and self-reported bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder or hyperactivity, dementia, or phobias or fears. Results showed that the age-adjusted smoking prevalence of adults with these conditions ranged from 34.3% (phobias or fears) to 59.1% (schizophrenia) compared with 18.3% of adults with no such illnesses. The more conditions that were reported, the higher the smoking prevalence. While quit attempts among those with mental illnesses or conditions were comparable to adults without such conditions, adults with mental illness reported a lower success rate in quitting. The authors conclude that prevention and cessation efforts are needed that target adults with mental illnesses.