CCJS100 FIRST EXAM STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 1 Doing Justice • Offenders will be held full accountable for their actions • The rights of a person who have contact with the system will be protected • Like offenses will be treated alike and officials will take into account relevant differences among offenders and offenses Controlling Crime • Punish those who disobey law • Defines what is illegal and outlines the rights of citizens • Outlines procedure that officials must follow • Taking action against wrongdoers; but must also prevent crimes from happening Preventing Crime • Deterrent Effect: punishment of the crime should deter someone from doing the crime  fine for speeding deters drivers from speeding • Citizens are also responsible for preventing crime but cannot take the law into their own hands Federalism : a system of government in which power is divided between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments Dual Court System : a system consisting of a separate judicial structure for each state in addition to a national structure. Each case is tried in the same jurisdiction in which the crime was committed or law was broken. Most criminal laws are written by the state and enforced by the state, a variety of national criminal laws are written by the federal government and enforced by the FBI and other federal agencies Police • Keeping the Peace • Apprehending Violators and Combating Crime • Providing Social Services • Preventing Crime Courts • Determine whether or not a defendant is guilty (adjudication) • Impose sentences appropriate to the behavior being punished Corrections • Prison (+1 year), Jail (-1year), determine parole, etc

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Packer’s Crime Control : a model of the criminal justice system that assumes freedom is so important that every effort must me made to repress crime Focuses on PREVENTING CRIME, capacity to try, convict, apprehend Due Process Model : a model of the criminal justice system that assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that criminal justice decisions are based on reliable information Focuses on the RIGHTS OF DEFENDANTS, decision making procedures The Court Process ADJUDICATION : the process of determining whether a defendant is guilty 1) Investigation : police believe that a crime has been committed 2) Arrest : physically taking a person into custody pending a court proceeding 3) Booking : the record made of the arrest (fingerprints, mug shot) 4) Charging : the decision charge  crucial to get the adjudication going 5) Initial appearance : appear before a judge where he/she decides whether there is enough evidence for a trial 6) Preliminary hearing/grand jury : judge looks to see if theres probable cause that they committed a crime  information a document charging a person…there also could be an indictment which is the real charge against the person 7) Indictment/information : prosecutor prepares the formal charging document and presents it to the court

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