Introduction: Our work started innocently: “Let’s challenge Zeno’s paradox.” The wall in this instance was defined by Max Planck in 1899 with four natural units defined by dimensionless constants: Planck Length, Planck Time, Planck Charge and Planck Mass. When we applied base-2 to these Planck units, we had our numbers in 202 doublings. That was straightforward. Understanding those numbers is a vastly different story. Our focus shifted, “How can we understand the place and importance of what appears to be the largest possible continuum from the Planck base units to the most current state of the four most basic facets of reality: Planck Time to the Age of the Universe, Planck Length to the size of the universe, Planck Mass to the total mass of the universe and Planck Charge to the total energy of the universe at this moment.

Process. It would a formidable task had we did not applied a form of base-2 exponentiation — a big word for doublings — that start at the Planck base level and rather quickly progress to the maximums in just 202.34 notations.

We were surprised that the number of doublings was so small. It appears impossible, yet you can readily follow the numbers on either this horizontally-scrolled chart ( https://81018.com/chart/ ) or the vertically-scrolled chart ( https://81018.com/chart4/ ). That horizontal chart starts with the Planck base units and scrolls, left to right, to the current time. The vertical starts with the current time and scrolls down to the Planck scale.

Results. Apparently these charts, just simple mathematics, are the first time anyone has actually charted the entire universe as a continuum; and, by definition, by starting with the Planck scale and essentially multiplying by 2 over and over and over again, this picture of the universe has a simple logic and it is highly-integrated and ordered by definition. Notwithstanding, within our study of numbers and geometries, this model can also account for the chaos and indeterminacy of quantum physics and her fluctuations.