Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:. acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine is an endogenous human metabolite. It can be originated from the metabolism of tyramine, itself is a monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine can also be derived from the metabolism of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). In the metabolism of tyrosine, this compound is involved in the reaction Hydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA + Glycine <=> Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine + CoA, catalyzed by acyltransferase enzymes (EC 2.3.1.-). Hydroxyphenylacetylglycine has been identified in human biofluids. (PMID: 14201174 , 912020 , 716472 , 7096501 , 7438429 , 7438430 ).

Enzymes

Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine and glutamine, although much less efficiently. Can conjugate numerous substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines, with a preference for benzoyl-CoA over phenylacetyl-CoA as acyl donors. Thereby detoxify xenobiotics, such as benzoic acid or salicylic acid, and endogenous organic acids, such as isovaleric acid.

Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Conjugates numerous substrates, such as arachidonoyl-CoA and saturated medium and long-chain acyl-CoAs ranging from chain-length C8:0-CoA to C18:0-CoA, to form a variety of N-acylglycines. Shows a preference for monounsaturated fatty acid oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) as an acyl donor. Does not exhibit any activity toward C22:6-CoA and chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, nor toward serine or alanine.

Acetyltransferase required for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion and couple the processes of cohesion and DNA replication to ensure that only sister chromatids become paired together. In contrast to the structural cohesins, the deposition and establishment factors are required only during S phase. Acts by mediating the acetylation of cohesin component SMC3