CRMB :::: Vol.4, No.6, Nov - Dec 2016

Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology is an international open access bi-monthly journal that covers all aspects of latest research in microbiology and biotechnology. Manuscripts are published soon after peer-review.

ABSTRACT:Amoebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica. The diagnosis of amoebic infections, based on microscopic stool examination does not differentiate between E. histolytica and E. dispar, the commensal species because these two species are morphologically indistinguishable. The re-description of these species in 1993 and the exclusive pathogenicity recognized to E. histolytica have stimulated reassessment of the epidemiology of amebiasis using molecular techniques. This study aimed to diagnose and differentiate E. histolytica and E. dispar in feces for a first time in Burkina Faso. Fecal samples from 413 patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders, attending the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou were collected and processed by direct microscopic examination for the presence of Entamoeba species and other intestinal parasites. A real-time PCR was then developed and assessed for the detection and the differentiation of E. histolytica and E. dispar. Based on single fecal sample examination, the overall prevalence of E. histolytica/E. dispar was 22.5 % (93/413) with 84.9 % (79/93) in infected adults and 15.1 % (14/93) in children under 5 years. Fourteen (14) samples of 93 (15.05 %) E. histolytica/E. dispar microscopy positive samples were PCR positive. E. dispar was the most common, with a prevalence of 71.4 % (10/14) against 21.4 % (3/14) for E. histolytica. One case of mixed infection was recorded.
We showed for the first time in Burkina Faso, that real-time PCR is an excellent tool in the re-definition of the epidemiology of E. histolytica according to WHO recommendation and also for proper management of this tropical neglected disease.

Jean-Fabrice Yala et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 4(6) 2016: 944-949

944-949

ABSTRACT:Resistance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria to antibiotics poses a major health problem worldwide. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of enterobacteria and characterize their phenotypic and genotypic resistance to β-lactamins among patients attending the Omar Bongo Ondimba army hospital of Libreville, Gabon. The study population was composed of 251 patients. Enterobacteria strains were characterized using classical biochemical methods and the Vitek-2 compact automated system. Phenotypic analysis was done using the doubled –disk synergy test (DDS30) and the combined disk method. Antibiograms revealed the resistance of ESBL-producing enterobacteria to different antibiotics tested in this study, and β-lactamin resistance genes blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA were detected by PCR. Phenotypic analysis revealed that 51% (34/67) enterobacteria strains were producers of β-lactamases. PCR confirmed that 85% (29/34) enterobacteria strains carried blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA genes; however, none of the strains carried blaSHV gene. Interestingly, tested isolates carried 2 or 3 β-lactamin resistance genes. Antibiotic sensitivity analysis showed that 100% of enterobacteria were resistance to doxycycline, erythromycin, and gentamycin; and 82.35% to chloramphenicol. ESBL-producing enterobacteria were reported for the first time in Libreville. They were carriers of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA genes; and multi-resistant to four antibiotic families namely, tetracyclines, aminosides, phenicoles, and macrolides.

R.F. Compaoré et al. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology 4(6) 2016: 950-952

950-952

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the height gauge used for praziquantel doses estimation. 258 individuals were recruited. The weight and height of each individual were measured and the number of tablets to be administered was calculated based on each parameter. It appeared from the analysis of height doses, 50 cases of overdoses (19.38%), 117 (45.35%) cases under the normal dose and 91 (35.27%) cases of normal dose. Friedman’s ANOVA by Ranks showed a significant difference between the two treatment methods (p-value <0.0001). Besides, according to World Health Organization criteria 50.78% of acceptable doses (30-40 mg/Kg), 97.29% of appropriate doses (30- 60 mg/Kg), 46.51% of optimal doses (40-60 mg/Kg) and 2.71% of inaccurate doses (< 30mg/Kg) were noted.