Card Range To Study

45 Cards in this Set

-James Hutton- rock formations
appear, change and disappear
over long periods of time.

*LAW OF
SUPERPOSITION*

- in rock layers, the bottom
layer is the oldest

PANGEA

-Alfred Wegner
-Theory of continental drift

FOSSILS

-any preserved evidence of life
-provides evidence that organisms
have changed over time.

FOSSILS-1

-most fossils are of organisms
that no longer exist.

FOSSILS-2

-some species are older than others

FOSSILS-3

principle of fossil succession
-charles lyell: fossils that are
found in deeper rock layers are older.
-shows an abundance of species change over time.
-fossils can arrange "family trees"
-fossils can arrange intermediate species
-Archaeopterix
found in bavaria
reptile with feathers and furculum
changed to modern birds
(feathers and no teeth)

COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY

-organisms with similar
ancestry have similar characteristics

HOMOLOGOUS
STRUCTURES

similar structure, but different function

ANALOGOUS
STRUCTURES

similar function, but different structure

VESTIGIAL
ORGANS

organs that are useless to the present organism,
but serve an important function in other species.
ex. appendix-
homologous to the cecum
ex. coccyx- homologous to the tail
ex. pelvic/hind limb bones-
homologous to whales and boas

Jean Baptiste de Lemarke-1809
-organisms could aquire traits that make them better
adapt to the environment
-traits could be passed on
-evolution could occur in one lifetime
(giraffe- long necks from stretching
to reach leaves)

HISTORY OF
EVOLUTION-2

Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace
.Natural Selection
-"survival of the fittest"
-genetic variation allows survival traits
to accumulate and eventually occurs in
the entire population
-Weaker Traits Die out
-Individuals vary genetically: inherit parents' genes.
-Organisms produce more offspring
than the environment can suppuort.
-Pop. remains constant=
not all offspring survive.
-environment is constantly changing
but slowly
-environment determines who will survive.

-predicts the genetic results of
random mating
--no evolution can occur if all of the
following conditions are met:
*no mutations
*no selectionpressures
*no mating preferences
*Isolation:
No Exchange of outside genes
*large population