Britain Breadth 1

Newspapers were main way in which people received their news - they were highly influential especially national papers. Newspapers made the links between disease and poor PH. "The Times"

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What were the role of writers in changing attitudes towards public health?

Dickens, Gaskell and Bennett viewed as intellectuals, and reliable. Dickens serialised his books in order to get his message to more people in society, Gaskell and Bennet wrote about poor conditions in Manchester and Staffordshire - everyone reading

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What was the role of artists in changing attitudes towards public health?

Changed PH as they portrayed the poor cons visually - more effective than writers as much of the population was still illiterate - would understand pictures

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How did Economic Imperatives change PH attitudes?

Economic imperatives = industries and employers realised that the consequences of bad PH was of higher cost than undergoing PH reform - healthier workforce more productive WF = higher profit for business

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How did Economic Imperatives change attitude towards Public health?

The effect of the Second Boer War = published that less than 1/3 of the men were healthy, weak physical conditions of men - they were scared that PH was not allowing for the empire to be protected

Allowed Justices of Peace to prosecute 'Nuisances' - anyone who adopted or promoted poor living conditions and inhabitable conditions

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1848 Public Health Act?

Local Boards of Health Reported on the conditions of PH in parishes to Parliament, however was permissive and only had powers to report

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1858 Public Health Act?

Local Boards of Health were now given preventative action - shows greater delegation

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1866 Sanitary Act?

Sanitary Powers given to LBH - they could now remove nuisances - this shows greater government involvement as they are tackling down on poor conditions

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1875 Public Health Act?

Foundation for PH until 36, every part of the country needed a public health board and parishes had the powers to build sewers, drains and public conviences

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Why was Reform a pressing issue?

Problems due to industrialisation, Cholera Epidemic 1832 and Technological Advancements

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Problems due to Industrialisation on PH reform?

Greater pop growth (1781-1871 = 13m to 30m) - vaccines made greater population, more children survived and agriculture was improving - overall this meant that a growing population needed an evolving PH system to maintain the population

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Cholera Epidemic 1832?

Important for PHR because (killed 55k): high percentage killing + the speed at which it killed, also there was very little knowledge on Cholera (miasma or contagionist) - showed ultimately the failures of the PH system at the time

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Technological Advancements?

Flushing Toilet - Alexander Cummins with S-trap and Joseph Bramah with valve - they believed in miasma therefore flushing away bad air was thought to have gotten rid of disease - they would want this in every house which the current PH did not offer

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Technological Advancements - S

Sewerage - John Roe (1842) and the flushing gates - controlled the flow of sewerage away from main rivers. !870s, combination with hydraulic pumps to self flush sewers = more chance of clear water on thames and less waste and disease spreading

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Dickens, Gaskell and Bennett viewed as intellectuals, and reliable. Dickens serialised his books in order to get his message to more people in society, Gaskell and Bennet wrote about poor conditions in Manchester and Staffordshire - everyone reading

Back

What were the role of writers in changing attitudes towards public health?

Card 3

Front

Changed PH as they portrayed the poor cons visually - more effective than writers as much of the population was still illiterate - would understand pictures

Back

Card 4

Front

Economic imperatives = industries and employers realised that the consequences of bad PH was of higher cost than undergoing PH reform - healthier workforce more productive WF = higher profit for business

Back

Card 5

Front

The effect of the Second Boer War = published that less than 1/3 of the men were healthy, weak physical conditions of men - they were scared that PH was not allowing for the empire to be protected