As a basis for its argumentation, the article sketches a parallel between the imaginarycountries represented in Sannazaro’s Arcadia (1504) and More’s Utopia (1515). Takinginto account the two paradigms induced by these masterpieces in previous and posteriorliterature, it claims that a century later Luis de Góngora designs in the Solitudes animaginary country that holds something of both models. The poem tells a story set in aidealized rural region, along the lines of Arcadia. And at the same time it reflects an optimalconstitution of the republic or utopia, a model of collective happiness made possibleby the elision of all elements of social reality that involve misery and loss of freedom. This representation in a highly learned and complex language is not merely poetic, butresponds to contemporary political proposals. On the one hand it echoes reform ideassimilar to that held by a famous Góngora’s friend, the humanist Pedro de Valencia. Onthe other hand it suggests the rejection of certain contemporary messianic utopias, suchas those that the navigator Pedro Fernandez de Quirós linked to his project of Iberiancolonial enterprise in southern areas of the Pacific.