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"Resist" means to fight against something or try to stop something (Merriam-Webster online). In this case, you cannot write "Retrofitted with stabilizing devices, some of which resist aesthetics, the bridge has been reopened, no longer prone to excessive swaying but not quite the breathtaking structure it originally was," because there is no struggle between two things. The aesthetics are not fighting back against the new stabilizers. On the other hand, "impair" and "compromise" can both have the sense of "make a bit worse," so it makes sense to say that the new stabilizers make the aesthetics a bit worse.