Hogwarts 1/21

<div style="position:absolute;" class="grounds"><center><div class="part" id="grounds"><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><center><table><tr><td><a href="#boathouse" class="grounds">THE BOATHOUSE</a> <blockquote>Some Gryffindor kid is going on about how he lost his pet toad</blockquote></td><td><a href="#forbiddenforest" class="grounds">FORBIDDEN FOREST</a> <blockquote>We hope you have been stocking up on Thestral food!</blockquote></td><td><a href="#greatlake" class="grounds">GREAT LAKE</a> <blockquote>The giant squid gets exceptionally hungry at this time of day</blockquote></td><td><a href="/~Commarade" class="grounds">PENSIEVE</a> <blockquote>Read or submit some captured moments<center><i>(links off this page)</i></center></blockquote></td><td><a href="/~Scorbers" class="grounds">QUIDDITCH PITCH</a> <blockquote>Check out the current or most recent Season<center><i>(links off this page)</i></center></blockquote></td></tr></table></center><br><br><br><br><blockquote>The school grounds can be a scary place if you wander too far away from the castle. There seem to be Staff members posted all over the place (some, you expect, are actually students using Polyjuice Potion -- there's no way they've covered so many places!) and they surely won't let you get hurt... right?<p>Don't forget that you first need to be sorted and to open a trunk before participating in any activities! More information can be found in the <a href="#entrancehall">Entrance Hall</a>!</blockquote></div>[BOATHOUSE]<div class="part" id="boathouse"><br><br><br><br><br><br><h1>The Boathouse</h1><br><br><br>You're all done with lessons for the day and decide to go spend some time in the Common Room before dinner. While on your way across the lawn, Neville approaches you looking devastated. <br><br><br><br><center><i>"You have to help me!" he cries. "I've lost Trevor! My Gran will disown me if she finds out that I lost him before I even got into the castle. Please!"</i><br><br><BR><img src="http://i.imgur.com/5exNOr4.png"><p>You had really hoped to just go right to your dorm, but Neville always helps you with your Herbology homework and stirs the generous spirit inside of you. You decide to help him.</p><p>Trevor is a bouncy little boy and hops his way across many different areas. He can be found on any page in the guild and changes his location every week.<br>It's up to you to find his current hiding spot and let someone know.</p><p>If you can find him, <a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Trevor">CLICK HERE</a> and <i>send a specific description</i> of his location to Kim!<p>Finding him earns you <b>20 House Points</b> and <b>2 Hogwarts Coins</b>! You may earn points and coins for finding Trevor once per week!</p><center><br><br><br><a href="#grounds" class="nav2">Go back to the Grounds directory</a></center></div>[FORBIDDEN FOREST]<div class="part" id="forbiddenforest" style="text-align:left;"><br><br><br><br><img src="https://i.imgur.com/HUrmbLR.png" style="float:right;margin-left:20px;"><br><h1>Forbidden Forest</h1><br><br>While out on a stroll on the Hogwarts Grounds, you are overtaken with the urge to visit the Forbidden Forest. Knowing that the Forest is off limits to students, you quickly look around for witnesses before scurrying past the tree line. Once inside the Forest, the light from outside is quickly diminished and you find yourself surrounded in darkness. After walking along a rugged path for some time, you hear rustling in the distance. You draw your wand, ready for anything, and continue down the path.<p>Up ahead, you see the Headmistress in a clearing.<p>“Hello! You startled me. What are you doing out here in the Forest?" she asks.<p>Confused and nervous, you mumble that you got lost and ask her what your punishment will be. Don’t students that go into the Forest get expelled? You can’t remember.<p>“Don’t worry," the Headmistress assures you, “I am not going to dock points from your House or otherwise implement disciplinary action. I do, however, want to ask you to kindly feed one of the Forest’s Thestrals. Many people are afraid of them, and many people can’t even see them, but I have a fondness for the little dears, as they are my Patronus's corporeal form. <center><img src="http://i.imgur.com/qoF9GF3.png" border="0" usemap="#forest"><br><i>Chose one of the four bird to purchase above. They each cost <b>5 Galleons</b>, and are worth different amounts of House Points, depending on how much the Thestral likes it.</i> <br><b>You may feed a Thestral and earn points for it only once per week!</b><br><br><map name="forest"><area shape="rect" coords="0,0,120,115" href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=guildpatronus&subject=Forbidden+Forest&message_body=I+would+like+to+feed+a+thestral+with+option:+A"><area shape="rect" coords="120,0,212,115" href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=guildpatronus&subject=Forbidden+Forest&message_body=I+would+like+to+feed+a+thestral+with+option:+B"><area shape="rect" coords="212,0,326,115" href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=guildpatronus&subject=Forbidden+Forest&message_body=I+would+like+to+feed+a+thestral+with+option:+C"><area shape="rect" coords="326,0,450,115" href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=guildpatronus&subject=Forbidden+Forest&message_body=I+would+like+to+feed+a+thestral+with+option:+D"></map>Make your choice by clicking on one of the birds!<br><br><a href="#grounds" class="nav2">Go back to the Grounds directory</a></center></div>[GREAT LAKE] <div class="part" id="greatlake"><br><br><br><br><br><h1>The Great Lake</h1><br>While relaxing out by the Great Lake, a tentacle rises from the depths and slaps the water directly in front of you! The ink plus the tentacle confirms that the Giant Squid knows you're here! The tentacle sits in front of you, waiting. It doesn't seem aggressive, but it's not going anywhere either. It's lying on the surface of the water, face-up, as if…as if it's waiting for something?<p><br><b>The Giant Squid will only accept the items below.</b> Sending in one of these items earns you <b>20 House Points</b> and <b>2 Hogwarts Coins</b>! However - we can not tell you the names of these items; you have to figure that out yourself! Once you figure out the name of one of them, find it and send that item to the Guild Account <i>guildpatronus</i>) -- (it'll be put into our donation shop!)<br><br><center><i>Only send one item per week!</i></p><br><table><tr><th>

<img src="https://imgur.com/NCWEAgT.png"> </th></tr></table><br><br><br><br><a href="#grounds" class="nav2">Go back to the Grounds directory</a></center></div>[GAMEKEEPER'S HUT] <div class=part id=gamekeeper> <br><br><br><br><br> <h1>Gamekeeper's Hut</h1><br><br><br><br> <center><div style="width:800px;text-align:justify;"><img src=http://i.imgur.com/T9dvtCX.png style=float:left;margin:0px 20px 0px 20px;><br><br>Hey Patronus Fam! Welcome to Term 11 and back to my Gamekeeper Hut! I’m Jen, the Hogwarts Game Keeper and Gryffindor Head of House! OH! Mind your step, Trevor seemed to love me last term from being in my hut, the forest AND in my trunk so you never know if he’s gonna hop his way over here again...I should really talk to Neville about minding his pets….ANYWAY- this term we’re going to do something a little different! Each week, I’m gonna ask you 5 questions about Magical Creatures and some fun trivia about each of Harry Potter movies! For each question right, I’ll award you 5 HP, and 1 HC, with a maximum of 25 HP and 5 HC. Neomail me the answers to this (full sentences are not necessary) with your name and your house, and I’ll reward you with your points!</i><br><br><b>

inactive </b><br><br><p><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=Gamekeepers+Hut">Send your answers here!</a><br><br><br><br><a href="#grounds" class="nav2">Go back to the Grounds directory</a></center></div></center></div> </div><div style="position:absolute;" class="castle"><center><div class="part" id="castle"><br><br><br><br><br><br><center><table><tr><td><a href="#classes" class="castle">CLASSES</a> <blockquote>You must pass all of your classes in order to rank up in years</blockquote></td><td><a href="#commonrooms" class="castle">COMMON ROOMS</a> <blockquote>Activities that may only be done by members of the assigned House</blockquote></td><td><a href="#greathall" class="castle">GREAT HALL</a> <blockquote>This is where you will find lessons & exams to get special licenses</blockquote></td><td><a href="#activities" class="castle">OFFICES & ACTIVITIES</a> <blockquote>A directory of activity pages, all of which link off of this one</blockquote></td><td><a href="/~Hirrcus" class="castle">ROOM OF REQUIREMENT</a> <blockquote>Weekly student year ranking progresses<center><i>(links off this page)</i></center></blockquote></td><td><a href="/~Leyhanne" class="castle">TROPHY ROOM</a> <blockquote>Visit to admire all the shiny trophies awarded<center><i>(links off this page)</i></center></blockquote></td></tr></table></center><br><br><br><center><a href="#entrancehall"><b>New to Patronus?</b> Read over this guide to see where to start your journey!</a><br><br><h2>all activities on this page were last

updated: January 22nd (Y3 T1 W4) </h2></center><br><br><br>Welcome to the Hogwarts Grounds page! If you are new, you may not exactly know where to start. Please refer to the guide linked above if you ever need any help or assistance along the way! Once you give everything a look around, it should be fairly easy to navigate.<p>All of our Hogwarts-related classes, and activities can be accessed through this page. Certain pages are only available when we have specific plots going on, so keep your eyes peeled or feel free to ask if you have a question about them. If you are interested in teaching a class, or hosting a club, you can find more information about that through <a href="/~Hagoi">The Ministry of Magic</a>.</p><p>The Sorting Hat is located in the Entrance Hall and you may sign up for a class, club, or activity simply by clicking the one you would like to participate in and begin doing the assignments. All of the details and requirements will be listed inside of each individual section or page.</p><p>Each Common Room has activities that can only be done by members of that house. All Staff office and guild activities can be done by any member of the guild (even if they've achieved Alumni status)!</p><p>Please contact any Staff member, or the <a href="http://www.neopets.com/randomfriend.phtml?user=guildpatronus">Guild Account</a> if you have any questions! Alternatively, you may ask on the <a href="http://www.neopets.com/guilds/guild_board.phtml?id=4176524">guild board</a>! Many of our older members know this place like the backs of their hands, so they'd be willing to help to their greatest extent!</div>[OFFICES AND OTHER ACTIVITIES DIRECTORY]<div class="part" id="activities"><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><h1>Offices and other activity pages</h1><center>These can be participated in by both Students and Alumni. Some of the links direct off of this page.<br><p><br><br><br><br></p><table class="castleac"><tr><td><a href="#armoury" class="castleac">the armoury</a><br><center>Hosted by Heather<br><br></center></td><td><a href="#headmistress" class="castleac">headmistress's office</a><br><center>Hosted by Kim<br><br></center></td><td><a href="#hospitalwing" class="castleac">hospital wing</a><br><center>Hosted by Laney<br><br></center></td></tr></table></center><br><br><br><br><br><br><center><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div>[ARMOURY] <div class=part id=armoury> <br><br><br><br><br> <h1>Armoury</h1><br><br><br><br><center><div style="width:800px;text-align:justify;"><img src=http://i.imgur.com/AkJZ7uR.png style=float:left;margin:0px 20px 0px 20px;>Welcome to the Armoury! I am <b>Commander Heather</b>, here to prepare you for your upcoming battle. Well, your upcoming skirmishes, that is. Don't know what I mean? Get acquainted with the Battleground of the Obelisk ( <i>jellyneo.net/?go=battleground_of_the_obelisk</i> ) skirmishes and then report back for training!<p> The faction we will be studying this term is the <b>The Sway</b>, and the first boon we will be learning about is <b>

Bank Bribery <br><br><p></b> Do some reconnaisance about this boon and report back to me with your personal pros and cons list in order to receive credit for this week's activity. No time to waste-- the enemy is on the move!<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=Armoury4">Submit to the Armoury here!</a><br><br><br><br><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div></div>[HEADMISTRESS’S OFFICE] <div class="part" id="headmistress"><br><Br><br><br><br><br><div style="float:left;width:430px;"><center><br><br><br><h1>Office of Kim,<br>Hogwarts Headmistress</h1><br><br><img src="https://i.imgur.com/WUKre1T.png"><br><br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Office+4">Send your activity answers to Kim!</a><br><br><br><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div><br><br><br><img src="https://imgur.com/mdU6CU6.png" style="float:right;margin-left:30px;">Now that battle is upon us, Kim is off trying to protect the castle and students. She has left Sir Cadogan to monitor visitor in and out of her office. Not her wisest desicion... but with limited options avalible, this was the best. Unfortnately, Sir Cadogan isn't one for remembering names -- just short descriptions of the people. Can you tell who they are, so we can decide if they're friends or foes?<p><b>1.</b> <i>

Big beefy man with hardly any neck </i><br><b>2.</b> <i>

Mad women who tried to get me to look at cat photos </i><br><b>3.</b> <i>

Pale wild lamp like eyes </i><br><br><br><br>You may also help bewitch a statue for protection. Piertotum Locomotor is a very difficult spell to use so don't get discouraged if you don't succeed, or only partially succeed. Choose one of the four statues below: <br><br><img src="https://imgur.com/RRVNpK3.png"></div> [CARETAKER’S OFFICE] <div class=part id=caretaker> <br><br><br><br><br> <h1>Caretaker’s Office</h1><br><br><br><br><center><div style="width:800px;text-align:justify;"><img src=http://i.imgur.com/zLAR6ho.png style=float:left;margin:0px 20px 0px 20px;>You knock on a door and hear a scuffle from inside. The door suddenly whips open just enough for you to see the face of the Caretaker, <i>Katy</i>.<p><i>Oh, good! You’re here!</i><p>She opens the door and hurries you into her office. On her desk sits a deformed item. She gestures towards it.</p><i>I confiscated this from a ne’er-do-well student and I … I don’t know what I did. I broke it.</i> She looks so disappointed in herself.<p><i>Can you help me determine what this item is? Just the name will do.</i><br><br><center>

inactive <br><br><p>Do you think you know which Patronus item this is? <a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Caretakers+Office">Send your guess here!</a><br><br><br><br><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div></div> [HOSPITAL WING] <div class="part" id="hospitalwing"> <br><br><br><br><br> <h1>Hospital Wing</h1><br><br><br><br> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/mjL4KGf.png" style="float:left;margin:0px 20px 0px 20px;">Oh! Hello! You’re not lost are you? <p><i> You see Madame Laney with her hair in her face, carrying a large tub of what looks like potion ingredients </i> <p>Never mind, I need some help here in the Hospital Wing and you look like you need something to do! Do you mind? <p><i> Before you can answer Madame Laney hands you a clipboard </i> <p>Great! Let’s get to it! <p><br><br><b>Ingredient/Spell Help:</b> I’m having a hard time keeping track of some of my ingredients/healing spells, but I’m having difficulty remembering which ones.

What would bubotuber pus help out with? <br><br><p><b>Hospital Help:</b> Sometimes I help at over at St. Mungo’s Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries. Can you help me refresh over some important aspects of the hospital?<br>

What is a HIT MEMBER? What kind of special treatment do they get at St Mungos? </p><p></p><p><b>Patient File Help:</b> A member of <b>Patronus</b> forgot their medication and I can’t read my handwriting where it lists their name! Do you think you can figure out who needs their medicine by the clues I used to describe them?<br>

- owns four movie tickets - was voted loudest member - has over 150 avatars </p><p></p><p><b>Neopets Medicine and Illnesses:</b>

What Neopet item would you give me for dehydration? </p><p></p><p><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=laneysux&subject=Hospital+Wing+4">Send your answers here; depending on how helpful you've been I may be able to award you some House Points!</a><br><br><center><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div>[GRYFFINDOR COMMON ROOM] <div class="part" id="gryffindor" style="background:url('https://image.ibb.co/cZFCaT/gcr.png') center no-repeat;"><h3>Gryffindor Activities</h3><center>All of the following activities are worth <b>5 house points</b> and <b>1 Hogsmeade Coin</b> when completed correctly. If you resubmit an incorrect activity you will receive only <i>2 house points</i> for a corrected answer.</center><br><br><br><br><h2>Character Actors</h2>It's after dinner and everyone's gathered in the Common Room with their warm soup bellies, just having a jolly ol' time. Someone suggests watching one of the <i>Harry Potter</i> films (they're based on a true story, you see). What a fantastic idea! Are you able to identify what character the following actor plays in the films?<br><b>

Katie Leung </b><br><br><h2>Godric's Gaffe</h2>Your House's founder left a puzzle scrawled on the wall of the Common Room, which, even though he is long gone, is still charmed to change weekly. Can you unscrable this word?<br><b style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 10px;">

Ohmloaoar </b><br><br><h2>Homework Help</h2>You have a research assignment due for one of your classes, but you forgot to write the topic down! You do, however, have a description. Can you figure out what research topic you must write about before next class beased on the description below? <b><br>

Causes an inexplicable happiness </b><br><br><h2>Description Mission</h2> One of your Housemates is in a frantic panic because the Head of House has requested a certain item and he can’t remember what she’s asked for! All he can remember is the description below. Can you figure out what item he’s referring to?<br><b>

Cute and cuddly one minute, a handy chair the next </b><br><br><h2>Trivia Time</h2> An argument seems to be breaking out over who gets the seat closest to the fire. Someone issues a trivia challenge with the winner getting the prized location. Can you tell me the answer to this question? <br><b>

What is Sirius Black’s vault number at Gringotts? </b><br><br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=ifiranthezo0&subject=Gryffindor+Activities+4">Send your activity answers to Head of House</a><br><center><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div>[HUFFLEPUFF COMMON ROOM] <div class="part" id="hufflepuff" style="background:url('https://image.ibb.co/jV9upo/hcr.png') center no-repeat;"><h3>Hufflepuff Activities</h3><center>All of the following activities are worth <b>5 house points</b> and <b>1 Hogsmeade Coin</b> when completed correctly. If you resubmit an incorrect activity you will receive only <i>2 house points</i> for a corrected answer.</center><br><br><h2>Character Actors</h2>It's after dinner and everyone's gathered in the Common Room with their warm soup bellies, just having a jolly ol' time. Someone suggests watching one of the <i>Harry Potter</i> films (they're based on a true story, you see). What a fantastic idea! Are you able to identify what character the following actor plays in the films?<br><b>

John Hurt </b><br><br><h2>Helga's Hullabaloo</h2>Your House's founder left a puzzle scrawled on the wall of the Common Room, which, even though she is long gone, is still charmed to change weekly. Can you unscrable this word?<br><b style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 10px;">

lvrpleee </b><br><br><h2>Homework Help</h2>You have a research assignment due for one of your classes, but you forgot to write the topic down! You do, however, have a description. Can you figure out what research topic you must write about before next class beased on the description below? <b><br>

Recalls loved ones from the grave </b><br><br><h2>Description Mission</h2> One of your Housemates is in a frantic panic because the Head of House has requested a certain item and he can’t remember what she’s asked for! All he can remember is the description below. Can you figure out what item he’s referring to?<br><b>

Just like advanced algebra, but for magic </b><br><br><h2>Trivia Time</h2> An argument seems to be breaking out over who gets the seat closest to the fire. Someone issues a trivia challenge with the winner getting the prized location. Can you tell me the answer to this question? <br><b>

What would a person become if they possessed all 3 of the deathly hallows? </b><br><br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=sayok0&subject=Hufflepuff+Activities+4">Send your activity answers to House Prefect</a><br><center><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div>[RAVENCLAW COMMON ROOM] <div class="part" id="ravenclaw" style="background:url('https://image.ibb.co/ejT9N8/rcr.png') center no-repeat;"><h3>Ravenclaw Activities</h3><center>All of the following activities are worth <b>5 house points</b> and <b>1 Hogsmeade Coin</b> when completed correctly. If you resubmit an incorrect activity you will receive only <i>2 house points</i> for a corrected answer.<br><br></center><h2>Character Actors</h2>It's after dinner and everyone's gathered in the Common Room with their warm soup bellies, just having a jolly ol' time. Someone suggests watching one of the <i>Harry Potter</i> films (they're based on a true story, you see). What a fantastic idea! Are you able to identify what character the following actor plays in the films?<br><b>

Dave Legeno </b><br><br><h2>Rowena's Riddler</h2>Your House's founder left a puzzle scrawled on the wall of the Common Room, which, even though she is long gone, is still charmed to change weekly. Can you unscrable this word?<br><b style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 10px;">

Praptaea </b><br><br><h2>Homework Help</h2>You have a research assignment due for one of your classes, but you forgot to write the topic down! You do, however, have a description. Can you figure out what research topic you must write about before next class beased on the description below? <b><br>

Can remove or absorb light </b><br><br><h2>Description Mission</h2> One of your Housemates is in a frantic panic because the Head of House has requested a certain item and he can’t remember what she’s asked for! All he can remember is the description below. Can you figure out what item he’s referring to?<br><b>

This magical protects the wearer from water damage </b><br><br><h2>Trivia Time</h2> An argument seems to be breaking out over who gets the seat closest to the fire. Someone issues a trivia challenge with the winner getting the prized location. Can you tell me the answer to this question? <br><b>

What Ministry of Magic department do the Unspeakables belong in? </b><br><br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Ravenclaw+Activities+4">Send your activity answers to Head of House</a><br><center><a href=#castle class=nav2>Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div>[SLYTHERIN] <div class="part" id="slytherin" style="background:url('https://image.ibb.co/dzxfUo/scr.png') center no-repeat;"><h3>Slytherin Activities</h3><center>All of the following activities are worth <b>5 house points</b> and <b>1 Hogsmeade Coin</b> when completed correctly. If you resubmit an incorrect activity you will receive only <i>2 house points</i> for a corrected answer.<br><br></center><h2>Character Actors</h2>It's after dinner and everyone's gathered in the Common Room with their warm soup bellies, just having a jolly ol' time. Someone suggests watching one of the <i>Harry Potter</i> films (they're based on a true story, you see). What a fantastic idea! Are you able to identify what character the following actor plays in the films?<br><b>

Miriam Margolyes </b><br><br><h2>Salazar's Snafu</h2>Your House's founder left a puzzle scrawled on the wall of the Common Room, which, even though he is long gone, is still charmed to change weekly. Can you unscrable this word?<br><b style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 10px;">

CRMOAANLAUT </b><br><br><h2>Homework Help</h2>You have a research assignment due for one of your classes, but you forgot to write the topic down! You do, however, have a description. Can you figure out what research topic you must write about before next class beased on the description below? <b><br>

Causes the hair on the drinker’s head to grow very quickly </b><br><br><h2>Description Mission</h2> One of your Housemates is in a frantic panic because the Head of House has requested a certain item and he can’t remember what she’s asked for! All he can remember is the description below. Can you figure out what item he’s referring to?<br><b>

The phases of the moon reflect a change and everlasting power! </b><br><br><h2>Trivia Time</h2> An argument seems to be breaking out over who gets the seat closest to the fire. Someone issues a trivia challenge with the winner getting the prized location. Can you tell me the answer to this question? <br><b>

How many galleons did Merope Gaunt sell Slytherin's Locket for? </b><br><br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=littlemisspotter&subject=Slytherin+Activities+4">Send your activity answers to House Prefect</a><br><center><a href=#castle class=nav2>Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div>

<td><a href="#teaching" class="castle">teaching</a> <blockquote>required to apply to any higher position<br><br><center><b>Requirement:<br>Year 4+ Status</b></center></blockquote></td></tr></table><br><br><h1>patronus guild licensing</h1><br><br>If you're looking to get any sort of license in Patronus, you've come to the right place! Use the navigation at the top to access the lessons and assignments!<br><br>Below is all the information on what each license does for you.</center>

<p><b>Animagus/Patronus Conjuring Licenses:</b> These are very hard forms of magic to master, and you may fail at first. Keep at it and your Animagus and/or Corporeal Patronus form will be added to your trunk!</p>

<p><b>Auction Betting:</b> this license is required in order to participate in our <a href="/~hagoi#auctions">end-of-term 1NP auctions</a>! <i>Requires an upkeep of at least 100 house points earned each term in order to stay licensed!</i></p>

<p><b>Flying:</b> You may choose to get this license at any time! This is required before you may purchase a broomstick, or play Quidditch!</p>

<p><b>Teaching:</b> this is a required license for all potential future Professors, Activity Hosts, or Staff members in the guild!</p><br><br><center><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center></div>

[OWLS]

<div class="part" id="owls"><br><br><br><br><h1>o.w.l. exams</h1>

<center>Earn points and get recognition for your hard work in your classes.<br>Each of these exams are graded very harshly, and any spelling or grammar mistakes can cost you some points.<br>Remember to <b>always</b> use full sentences when answering questions unless otherwise specified!<br><br><a href="#anowl" class="owl">ANCIENT RUNES</a>

<div class="part" id="asowl"><br><br><br><br><h1>astronomy o.w.l. exam</h1><br><br><i>1.</i> List the English names for the following three constellations: Aquila, Boötes, Cassiopeia. <i>(You do not have to use full sentences for this question)</i>.<p>

<i>2.</i> Why are the Zodiacal signs distinct from the constellations associated with them?</p><p>

<i>3.</i> What is the IAU?</p><p>

<i>4.</i> What is Proxima Centauri?</p><p>

<i>5.</i> According to the IAU, what classifies something as a planet? (3 things).

<div class="part" id="chowl"><br><br><br><br><h1>charms o.w.l. exam</h1><br><br><b>For your Charms OWL, you will be asked to perform (list the incantation, wand movement, and state whether any light is emitted, along with the charm's effect - full sentences not required) five different charms.</b><p>

<div class="part" id="daowl"><br><br><br><br><h1>defense against the dark arts o.w.l. exam</h1><br><br><i>1.</i> Scenario: you are out of school and have a successful career as an Auror. You are sent by the Minister to investigate a crime scene. You arrive, and there is blood everywhere. What creature are you most likely to see? Where do they get their name?<p>

<div class="part" id="mcowl"><br><br><br><br><h1>care of magical creatures o.w.l. exam</h1><br><br><i>1.</i> List the following magical creatures in ascending order by their ministry classification (creatures with the same classification should be in alphabetical order): Grindylow, Salamander, Bowtruckle, Flobberworm, Thestral, Fire Crab, Niffler, Unicorn. <i>(You do not need to use full sentences for this question)</i>.<p>

<i>2.</i> The Headmistress's mother loves all magical creatures, but she loves one creature above all. She breeds this creature, and they are very fancy creatures, too! They are even in calendars. Which creature does the Headmistress's mother breed?</p><p>

<i>3.</i> What is the only dark creature that we have learned about? Why is it considered so?</p><p>

<i>4.</i> What part of which creature is used when brewing the Wiggenweld potion? What is its use?</p><p>

<i>5.</i> Which creature communicates with shrill, strange sounding shrieks that are similar to that of a large bird?

<div class="part" id="msowl"><br><br><br><br><h1>muggle studies o.w.l. exam</h1><br><br><i>1.</i> What device was invented to redirect lightning into the ground and save muggles' houses from burning down during a lightning storm?<p>

<i>2.</i> What was invented by Egyptian Muggles in 3100 BC?</p><p>

<i>3.</i> What is DynaTAC?</p><p>

<i>4.</i> Who made the first telephone call? Who was it to? What was said?</p><p>

The Patronus Charm is the most famous and one of the most powerful defensive charms known to wizardkind. It is an immensely complicated and extremely difficult spell, hence why we require that our students receive a Patronus license. The Patronus is partially-tangible positive energy force. It is the primary protection against Dementors and Lethifolds, against which there are no other defense.<br><br>

There are two types of Patronuses. A corporeal Patronus has a particular shape and form, typically of an animal such as a rabbit. Uncorporeal Patronuses have no particular shape. They also do not protect against dementors. Some wizards will choose to cast uncorporeal Patronuses in order to conceal their identities.<br><br><img src="http://i.imgur.com/F85rToa.gif" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;"><br>

The Patronus charm is ancient and as such, it is unknown who or when it was first created and used.Therefore, it is unknown who created it, or when it was first invented. The charm also has often associated with those fighting for noble causes and those able to produce corporeal Patronuses were often elected to high office within the Wizengamot and Ministry of Magic.<br><br>

Most witches and wizards are unable to produce a Patronus. The most common patronuses are dogs, cats, and horses. In order to successfully cast the spell, one must think of the happiest memory they could possibly muster. Once you have your memory, you must draw circles with your wand to increase the power of your spell. Once your spell is properly charged, you must recite the incantation "Expecto Patronum!" If you cast the spell correctly, your Patronus should erupt from the tip of your wand and can be directed towards your target.

<br><br><br><br><br><h1>patronus conjuring assignment</h1><br><br><i>In order to obtain your Patronus Conjuring License, you must answer the following questions using full sentences</i><br><br><blockquote><b>1.</b> Name two creatures that a Patronus is effective against.<br><b>2.</b> What is a Corporeal Patronus?<br><b>3.</b> How might an uncorporeal Patronus be useful?<br><b>4.</b> When was the Patronus charm invented and by whom?<br><b>5.</b> Does the Patronus charm impact witches or wizards in the Wizengamot and Ministry of Magic? How so?<br><b>6.</b> What are the most common Patronuses?<br><b>7.</b> What is the incantation for the Patronus charm?<br><b>8.</b> What is the wand movement for the Patronus charm?<br><b>9.</b> What else is needed to successfully cast a Patronus?<br><b>10.</b> Please identify the Patronus of at least two characters in either the Harry Potter franchise.</blockquote>

<center><i>Please note that you must be at least a Second Year in order to get this license! <br>It also requires an upkeep of at least 100 house points earned each term in order to stay licensed!</i></center><p>

On the last weekend of each term (the Friday, Saturday, and Sunday), we host 1NP Auctions for our members! In order to participate in them, you must first be licensed.</p><p>

Our auctions will generally be Harry Potter themed - they are hosted by <a href="/~Hagoi#mundungus">Mundungus Fletcher</a> afterall! They'll all also be items worth <b>at least 20,000 neopoints</b> - so if you don't want them for anything specific, you can at least sell them for some sort of profit!</p><p>

Winning an auction earns you an avatar for your trunk, as well as 20 points for your House!</p>

We'd like to make our Auctions as fair as possible for all members, and for all Houses! Obviously there will be some competition - since you have to get a license in order to participate each month, it's implied that anyone who does will actually participate!<p>

</p><blockquote>Here are a few guidelines for betting:<br><br><b>1.</b> <i>Don't bid more than one neopoint at a time!</i> They're called ONE-neopoint auctions for a reason and bidding more to deter others from bidding is cheating.<p>

<b>2.</b> <i>You can't win them all.</i> We'll have ten auctions running throughout the whole weekend. As much as you want cool items (to sell, use, or do whatever you want with) and House Points, don't get greedy! We want to give everyone a chance! Please try not to win more than two auctions.</p><p>

<b>3.</b> <i>Have fun with it!</i> We appreciate your donations and want to use them to reward our members with these every month!</p></blockquote>

<p><b>An important note:</b> we don't want anyone to get in trouble - so to make these auctions not break any Neopets rules, if you're in the guild on a side account, <i>you can still participate, but you must do so on your main account!</i> When you submit your assignment to get licensed, just tell us what your main account is.

</p><p><b>After getting a neomail saying you've been licensed, make sure you get sent (and accept!) a neofriend request from the Guild Account after you receive your license!</b><br>

Don't neofriend us, we'll neofriend you ;)</p><p>And lastly, if you ever have any suggestions of items to include in any future auctions, please let your HOH (or the Guild Account) know and we'll see what we can do!

<br><br></p><center><a href="#ab" class="nav2">CLICK HERE TO DO THE AUCTION BETTING ASSIGNMENT</a>

<br><br><i>In order to obtain your Auction License, you must answer the following questions using full sentences</i>

<br><br><blockquote><b>1)</b> Where would you go to find out the dates and theme of the next upcoming Auctions, as well as the past Auction winners?<br><b>2)</b> What is the username of your Main account?<br><b>3)</b> Why did we ask what the username of your Main account is?<br><b>4)</b> How many Neopoints at a time can you bet on one auction?<br><b>5)</b> What is the minimum neopoint worth of all items we will be auctioning?<br><b>6)</b> Let's say you've already won two of the ten auctions for the weekend. Should you keep betting on the rest of them?<br><b>7)</b> What should you do right after getting your neomail saying you've been licensed?<br><b>8)</b> Do you have any theme/item suggestions for future Auctions? If you do have suggestions in the future, who should you send them to?</blockquote>

<br>So you want to be a Professor, Activity Host, or a higher position in Patronus? That's great! We love having members help out with activities and the like c:

<p>Our terms end on the 28th of every month at 12PM NST, and the next one begins on the 1st of the next month. We ask that your page (if you host one) be updated and prepared by the 30th.

Professors who grade classes will earn <b>20 Galleons and 5 Hogsmeade Coins</b> per active term. Those who host their own Activity pages will be awarded <b>50 Galleons</b> at the start of the term <i>when the page is updated</i>. Each Activity update earns the host <b>25HP and 5HC</b>.

</p><p><i>You must neomail the Head of the Department of Magical Games and Sports any time you update your activity</i> - otherwise, you will not get awarded any points or coins for updating!</p><p>

The requirement for updates is <i>four times per term</i>. A new one should be released on the 1st, 8th, 15th, and 22nd of the month, though we understand that real life comes first and sometimes this isn't possible. As long as it's updated four times per term with enough time for members to submit their responses before the term ends, it should be fine.</p>

<p>Layouts for activities (and instructions on putting the codes together) can be found on <a href="/~Cahlv">this page</a>! If you have any issues with using the layout for your page, please let us know so we can explain it to you :) The layout code's filler text explains it a bit. We have a standard for our of our layouts and prefer to have them be unique for our guild only; therefore, our activity pages should never have premade layouts on them.

</p><p><b>Grading point scale:</b> The maximum amount of House Points you may award per update is <b>25</b>, and the maximum amount of Hogsmeade Coins to award is <b>5</b>. No bonus points or coins (more than the max) are allowed.

</p><p>Whenever a student completes your homework or activities, neomail the guild account (guildpatronus), unless otherwise instructed by staff, with the student's username, House, what they earned, and for which update (1, 2, 3, or 4) it was earned for! Make sure you mention which class or activity it is for - and specifically which update! For example, if it's Week 3 of the term and they submit for Week 1, say it's for Week 1. If it's for Week 3 and they did it on Week 3, say it's for Week 3. Also, reply to the member saying what they earned!

</p><p><i>Submitting earned points and coins should not be done after collecting a few grades - it should be done as soon as you receive the submission!</i></p><p>

</p><p><b>And that's most of the information you need to know!</b> Please answer all the questions in the assignment linked below!</p>

<br><br><center><a href="#tch" class="nav2">CLICK HERE TO DO THE TEACHING ASSIGNMENT</a>

<br>Please submit your responses to these questions by the end of the week!<br>Please note that this is <i>not</i> the application to become a Professor or Host - that is located on the Ministry page!<p>

</p><blockquote><b>1)</b> Up to how many House Points and Hogsmeade Coins can members earn for submitting homework or any activity?<br><b>2)</b> What does a Professor/Host need to do as soon as they receive a submission?<br><b>3)</b> True or False: you may use a premade layout from any site for an Activity page.<br><b>4)</b> What date do Activity pages need to be updated by in order to be considered active for the term?<br><b>5)</b> How many updates per term should each Activity have?<br><b>6)</b> Who should an Activity Host neomail each time their activity is updated to ensure they get awarded points for it?<br><b>7)</b> What do you need to include in your neomail to the guild account each time someone earns points?<br><b>8)</b> Do you have any questions about what you've learned today?<br></blockquote>

<br><br><br><br><h1>flying lesson</h1><center>You gotta learn to fly before you can walk (onto the quidditch field)</center><br><br><p>Flying is one of the primary methods of magical transportation, along with Floo powder, Portkey and Apparition. It involves a person or persons using a magical object bewitched with a Flying Spell to journey through the air to another location. Magical objects used for this purposes are <i>Broomsticks and Flying carpets</i>.

</p><p>

Compared to other methods, Flying is the slowest method of transportation available. However, <i>some bewitched objects can fly much faster than others</i> and it is the most common method of transportation, as witches and wizards who cannot or do not want to Apparate or use Floo powder use it.

</p><p>

<i>Flying is also used in magical sports</i>, such as the popular game of Quidditch.

</p><p>

Animagi who possesses the forms of animals capable of flight can enjoy the sensation. However, animagi themselves are rare, let alone ones who possesses forms capable of flying (since the species are predetermined by the Animagi's traits). Many of our members are very powerful witches and wizards and do have this ability. It is still rare, however, for the form to be of a flying animal.

</p><p>

<i>Unsupported flight</i> (incantation unknown, if any) is a spell or magical technique that allows a witch or wizard to fly without the use of a broomstick or other form of support. The spell was created by Lord Voldemort and first publicly shown during the Battle of the Seven Potters in 1997. Including him, there are only four known practitioners of unsupported flight.

</p><p>

Though it is rare, some witches and wizards may befriend a magical creature with the ability to fly (such as a <i>Dragon, Thestral, or Hippogriff</i>).

</p><p>

Lastly, there have been cases of Muggle transportation vehicles being bewitched; a <i>motorbike</i> owned by Sirius Black (and later Rubeus Hagrid) and a <i>Ford Anglia</i> (a rather old car) owned by Arthur Weasley are the only currently known examples.</p>

<br><br><center><a href="#fly" class="nav2">CLICK HERE TO DO THE FLYING ASSIGNMENT</a>

<br><br><br><br><h1>animagus lesson</h1><center>You gotta learn to fly before you can walk (onto the quidditch field)</center><br><br>Becoming an animagus is is incredibly long, tedious, and dangerous. We will carefully be going over the process, and later we will be working on it together. Keep in mind, however, that a lot of it you will have to do on your own time. If you don't have the patience to work on this, I suggest leaving.<p>

First things first, we at the Ministry keep a record of all witches and wizards with this ability that is open to the public. It is logged what animal you can change yourself into. It also notes any key features that are necessary in identifying you versus an average animal. Keep in mind, if you wear glasses, you could have markings similar to them in your animal form. Or say, you were missing a finger, your animal form will show that as well. The penalty for failing to register is a sentence in Azkaban.</p><p>

Now, for the actual process. The process will take multiple weeks to complete. If the process is done incorrectly, you could permanently become a sort of mutation that is half human, half animal. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that you follow all directions to a T. The first part of the transformation involves a mandrake leave. You must keep it in your mouth for one full month, full moon to full moon. If at any point it is removed or swallowed, you must start all over again. </p><p>

This is the part that tends to get people. At the next visible full moon, you must spit the lead in a phial within range of the moon's pure rays. Now, if it happens to be a cloudy night, you must restart the entire month. It is not fair, but it is the way things are. Now, inside the phial, you must add one of your own hairs, a silver teaspoon of dew that has not seen sunlight or been touched by human feet for seven days, and the chrysalis of a Death's-head Hawk Moth. This mixture must be put in a quiet, dark place, and be undisturbed in anyway. </p><p>

Now, comes for the waiting. It could take a day or a month. You must wait for an electrical storm, a typical rainstorm will not work. While you are waiting for the storm, you must chant the incantation <i>Amato Animo Animato Animagus</i> with the tip of your wand placed over your heart at both sunrise and sundown. Once a lightning storm is taking place, you must move immediately to a large, secure place and recite the incantation one final time before drinking the potion. </p><p>

At that point, you will transform into an animal if you completed everything correctly. Animagi do not get to pick their animal, rather it is based off their personality and inner traits. It is possible that a full-bodied patronus may reveal what you can and will turn into. Now, with all of that knowledge, we will move on to the exam.

<br><br></p><center><a href="#ani" class="nav2">CLICK HERE TO DO THE ANIMAGUS LICENSING ASSIGNMENT</a>

<img src="http://imgur.com/LIV3JhN.gif" style="float: right; margin: 50px 50px 0px 0px;"><br><i>In order to obtain your Animagus License, you must answer the following questions using full sentences</i><p>

</p><blockquote>

<b>1.</b> What is needed for the potion?<p>

<b>2.</b> How long must the leaf stay in your mouth?</p><p>

<b>3.</b> What happens if the leaf comes out before the time period?</p><p>

<b>4.</b> What is the incantation?</p><p>

<b>5.</b> What kind of weather is needed for the actual transformation?</p><p>

<center><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><h1>classes by year</h1>

Click the link corresponding to the current year you are in! This year should be listed in your trunk. Please remember to send in your name, house, and year when completing homework.<br><br><br><br><a href="#firstyear" class="direct">year one</a>

<a href="#secondyear" class="direct">year two</a>

<a href="#thirdyear" class="direct">year three</a>

<a href="#fourthyear" class="direct">year four</a>

<a href="#fifthyear" class="direct">year five</a>

<a href="#sixthyear" class="direct">year six</a>

<a href="#seventhyear" class="direct">year seven</a>

<br><br><br><br><br><br><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a>

<center><br>After finishing the assignments for these seven classes, earning 500 points, and posting 50 non-spam messages, you will become a Second Year.<br><br><table class="years"><tr><td><a href="#as1" class="class">ASTRONOMY</a> <div class="clde">Intro to Astronomy

<center><br>After finishing the assignments for these seven classes, earning 500 points, and posting 100 non-spam messages, you will become a Third Year.<br><br><table class="years"><tr><td><a href="#as2" class="class">ASTRONOMY</a> <div class="clde">Stars</div></td>

</tr></table><br><br><br><a href="#classes" class="nav2">Go back to the year directory</a>

</center></div>

[ANCIENT RUNES]

<div class="part" id="an3"><h1>Third Year Study of Ancient Runes</h1>Good afternoon, students. Welcome to the study of Ancient Runes. For those of you that are unaware, runes are the letters in a set of related alphabets known as runic alphabets, which were used to write various Germanic languages before the adoption of the Latin alphabet and for specialised purposes thereafter. The Scandinavian variants are also known as futhark or fupbark. <br><br>

Runology is the study of the runic alphabets, runic inscriptions, runestones, and their history. For muggles, Runology forms a specialized branch of Germanic linguistics.<br><br>

In the Wizarding world specifically, Ancient runes are a form of writing which witches and wizards used hundreds of years ago. Ancient Runes is a mostly theoretical subject that studies the ancient runic scripts of magic.<br><br>

There are 10 runes that we will study in this course, the numbers 0-10. Each of the runes is represented by an animal as follows:

0 - Demiguise<br>

1 - Unicorn<br>

2 - Graphorn<br>

3 - Runespoor<br>

4 - Fwooper<br>

5 - Quintaped<br>

6 - Salamander<br>

7 - Unknown<br>

8 - Acromantula<br>

9 - Hydra

<br><br>

That concludes our introductory lesson! Please move on to the homework.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What were runes used for before the adoption of the Latin alphabet?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are the scandinavian variants of runic alphabets called?<br><br><b>3.</b> Fill in the blank: Ancient Runes is mostly a ___ subject that studies the ___ ___ ___ of ___.<br><br><b>4.</b> What represents the numbers 0-4?<br><br><b>5.</b> What represents the numbers 5-9?

<center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="an4"><h1>Fourth Year Study of Ancient Runes</h1>Hello, everyone! Welcome back for another year of Ancient Runes. In this lesson, we will be taking a deeper look into Runes 0-2. Without further ado- let's begin.<br><br>

As learned in the last lesson, the rune 0 is represented by the Demiguise. The Demiguise is a peaceful, herbivorous creature that can make itself invisible and tell the future which makes it very hard to catch. It is found in the Far East, but only wizards and witches trained in their capture can even see them. It resembles an ape with large, black eyes and long, silky hair. The reason behind a Demiguise symbolizing the number 0, is that Demiguise pelts are highly sought after as the hair can be woven into Invisibility cloaks.<br><br>

The number 1 is symbolized by the Unicorn. The reasoning behind this is rather easy to guess, as Unicorns have a single horn atop their head.

The last symbol we will discuss today is the Graphorn, which symbolizes the number 2. The Graphorn was large and hump-backed, with grayish-purple skin tougher than that of dragons. It could repel most spells, had two golden horns (which is why it symbolizes the number 2), and walked on large four-thumbed feet. It's mouth was made of tentacle-like appendages, that were used to grab food and put it in it's mouth. It also used these to show affection. It was said to resemble a sabre-tooth tiger.<br><br>

That's it for the first lesson on Advanced Runes! Please move on to your homework.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Why does the Demiguise represent the number 0?<br><br><b>2.</b> Why is it hard to catch a Demiguise?<br><br><b>3.</b> Why does the Unicorn symbolize the number 1?<br><br><b>4.</b> Why does the Graphorn symbolize the number 2?<br><br><b>5.</b> What does a Graphorn look like?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Ancient+Runes+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="an5"><h1>Fifth Year Study of Ancient Runes</h1>Welcome back to Advanced Runes, Students! We will be continuing our in-depth study on the symbols behind runes. Let's dive right in.<p>

Remembering back to our first lesson, the number 3 is symbolized by the Runespoor. The Runespoor is a three-headed snake native to the African country of Burkina Faso. They are commonly six to seven feet long, with orange and black stripes. Since they are very easy to spot, the Burkina Faso Ministry of Magic has had to make several forests Unplottable for the Runespoor's use. According to writings from Parselmouths, each of the Runespoor's heads serves a different function.</p><p>

The next rune, the number 4, is represented by the Fwooper. The Fwooper is a magical African bird with brightly-coloured feathers, which can include orange, pink, lime green and yellow. Listening to the Fwooper's high pitched, twittering song will drive the listener insane, so each bird must be sold with a Silencing Charm placed on it. Fwooper feathers are used as quills, and they lay patterned eggs. The four colour varieties of the Fwooper are used to represent the number four.</p><p>

The last rune we will be going over today is 5, which is symbolized by the Quintaped. Quintapeds are only found of the Isle of Drear, which lies off the norhernmost tip of Scotland. The isle has been made Unplottable to minimize the danger posed by these creatures. The five club footed legs of the Quintaped are used to represent the number five.</p><p>

Once you are finished taking notes, please move on to the homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Why does the Runespoor represent the number 3?<br><br><b>2.</b> Why does the Fwooper represent the number 4?<br><br><b>3.</b> What colors varieties do Fwoopers come in?<br><br><b>4.</b> Why do Quintapeds represent the number 5?<br><br><b>5.</b> Where are Quintapeds found?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Ancient+Runes+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="an6"><h1>Sixth Year Study of Ancient Runes</h1>Hello, dearest students. In this class, we will be moving on to runes 6 and 7. Let's move right along with the lesson.<p>

Thinking all the way back to our first lesson, recall that the number 6 is symbolized by the salamander. The salamander is a small fire dwelling lizard that feeds on flames. They are born out of flames. The salamander can survive outside out of the flames that birthed it for up to six hours if fed on pepper. That, and the number of legs a salamander possesses, is why they were chosen to represent the number 6.</p><p>

The number 7 is represented by the unknown. Unknown is the lack of knowledge about something. Albus Dumbledore once remarked that the only thing a human being fears in death and darkness is the unknown. The Unknown is personified in the runic alphabet as an egg-shaped creature with four legs. It also looks like a faceless head (symbolic of its meaning). The Unknown is used in said alphabet to represent the number seven, given that the symbolic meaning of the number is yet to be discovered. The unknown is when one is scared and doesn't know what of.</p><p>

This concludes today's lesson! Please finish taking notes and then move on to your homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Why does the Salamander represent the number 6?<br><br><b>2.</b> Why does the unknown represent the number 7?<br><br><b>3.</b> How many legs does a Salamander have?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is the unknown personified by in the runic alphabet?<br><br><b>5.</b> What did Albus Dumbledore say about the Unknown?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Ancient+Runes+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="an7"><h1>Seventh Year Study of Ancient Runes</h1>Hello, class! It is sad to say, but you may be rejoicing, for this is our last Ancient Runes class together! For this last class we will be moving on to the final two runes- 8 and 9. Let's get started.<p>

The rune 8 is symbolized by the Acromantula. An Acromantula is a species of giant spider, native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia, particularly Borneo. Acromantulas sport eight, black eyes (white if blind) and are typically covered in thick black hair, with a leg span that can reach up to fifteen feet.</p><p>

The number 9 is symbolized by the Hydra. The Hydra is a serpent-like beast with nine heads.</p><p>

This concludes our study of Ancient Runes! Your last homework assignment will be somewhat of a review as well. I wish you all well! Thank you for taking Ancient Runes with me.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Why is the number 8 symbolized by the Acromantula?<br><br><b>2.</b> Why is the number 9 symbolized by the Hydra?<br><br><b>3.</b> Choose three runes (not discussed in this lesson) and tell me which rune you chose, what symbolizes the rune, and why.<br><br><b>4.</b> What were runes used for before the adoption of the Latin alphabet?<br><br><b>5.</b> Essay: Which symbol do you think best represents the number which it is assigned? Why? (3 sentences minimum).

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Ancient+Runes+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[ARITHMANCY]

<div class="part" id="ar3"><h1>Third Year Arithmancy</h1>Welcome to Arithmancy! For the our first lesson, we are going delve into the rich history of Arithmancy before learning the details of how it works. Arithmancy is a discipline that studies the magical properties of numbers, including predicting the future with numbers and numerology. Those who practice Arithmancy are called Arithmancers. There are several notable Arithmancers throughout history. One of these Arithmancers is Bridget Wenlock. Wenlock is the archetypal example; she was a celebrated witch who first discovered the magical properties of the number seven in the 13th century. In modern numerological terminology, arithmancy is a form of divination based on assigning numerical value to a word or phrase, by means of a simplified version of ancient Greek isopsephy or Hebrew/Aramaic gematria, as adapted to the Latin alphabet. Arithmancy is associated with the Chaldeans, Platonists, Pythagoreans, and the Kabbalah. I know it is a lot to take in, so I hope you've been taking notes! Please move on to the homework when you are ready.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is Arithmancy?<br><br><b>2.</b> What do you call someone who practices Arithmancy?<br><br><b>3.</b> Who discovered the magical properties of the number seven? When?<br><br><b>4.</b> Who is Arithmancy associated with? (Four answers)<br><br><b>5.</b> Fill in the blank: Arithmancy is a form of ___ based on assigning ___ ___ to a ___ or ___.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=Arithmancy+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ar4"><h1>Fourth Year Arithmancy</h1>Welcome back to Arithmancy, class! This lesson is going to be significantly shorter than the rest, however, it is just as important. The topic we are discussing today, of course, is etymology. Etymology is the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history. It is important to understand the meaning of words to fully grasp a complex subject such as Arithmancy. The term arithmancy is derived from two Greek words – arithmos (meaning number) and manteia (meaning divination). Arithmancy is thus the study of divination through numbers. That's all for etymology! Feel free to ask me if you have any questions for your homework, now let's get to it!

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is Etymology?<br><br><b>2.</b> What language is the term "Arithmancy" derived from?<br><br><b>3.</b> What does arithmos mean?<br><br><b>4.</b> What does manteia mean?<br><br><b>5.</b> Fill in the blank: Arithmancy is the ___ of ___ through ___.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=Arithmancy+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ar5"><h1>Fifth Year Arithmancy</h1><center><img src="http://i.imgur.com/PrpuIEX.png"></center><br>Hello, students, and welcome back to Arithmancy. In this lesson, you will be learning the most common method of Arithmancy - the Agrippan Method. In this method, the letters of a recent version of the Latin alphabet (with "U" and "V" considered to be separate letters, and "I" and "J" also considered distinct, which was not common until the 18th century), are assigned numerical values 1-9 as follows on the chart posted. Based on these values, the value for a person's name is calculated. If the result is greater than 9, the values of the digits in the number are added up until it is reduced to a single-digit number. This is a system used to predict the strengths and weaknesses in a person, by using the heart number, the social/life number, and the character/personality number. The heart number is determined by adding together only the vowels in a person's name. The social number is calculated by using only consonants. The character number is determined when both vowels and consonants are used. A similar approach is to use the numbers from a person's birthday to derive their character number. Each of these numbers is considered to have a suitable predictive meaning. Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa first applied the concept to the current Latin alphabet in the 16th century, and it has been widely used. It is often called "Pythagorean," but it is not connected to Pythagoras. When you are ready, you can move on to the homework.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Using the Agrippan Method, numbers are given a numerical value between what and what?<br><br><b>2.</b> When calculating a person's name, what should you do if the result is greater than 9?<br><br><b>3.</b> What three numbers can be predicted with the Agrippan Method?<br><br><b>4.</b> How do you determine each of the three numbers?<br><br><b>5.</b> Who was the first person to apply arithmancy to the current Latin alphabet?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=Arithmancy+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ar6"><h1>Sixth Year Arithmancy</h1><center><img src="http://i.imgur.com/OIcE9CE.jpg"></center><br>Welcome back, once again, to your favorite math class- Arithmancy! We are now moving on to the Chaldean method of Arithmancy, also known as "Mystic Numerology.' In this context, "Chaldean" is an old-fashioned name for the Aramaic languages and their speakers. The most significant difference between the Agrippan method and the Chaldean method is that the number 9 is not used in the calculations. This method is otherwise similar to the Agrippan method, which came after the Chaldean method was introduced, but the letters are assigned values as follows on the chart (partially based on equating Latin letters with letters of the Hebrew alphabet). Take some time to get acquainted with this new method before moving on to your homework.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is the main difference between Chaldean and Agrippan arithmancy?<br><br><b>2.</b> What is "Chaldean?<br><br><b>3.</b> Fill in the blank: The chart is partially based on equating ___ letters with the ___ alphabet.<br><br><b>4.</b> What is another name for Chaldean numerology?<br><br><b>5.</b> Which version of arithmancy came first?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=Arithmancy+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

Hello, students! Welcome to your final class of Arithmancy. Now, it wouldn't be Arithmancy if we didn't do any actual Arithmancy! And you guys thought you were going to get away with just notes… Nope! For this lesson, I have provided the Agrippan chart, and I would like for you to complete your final exam using it. You do not need to know the Chaldean Method for this exam. I have given you an example of how to calculate using this method below:<p>

My character number is 2, my heart number is 6, and my social number is 5. Now, without any further ado, on to the homework! Please send an Owl if you have any questions. Best of luck to all my star Arithmancers!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>Calculate the Character number, Heart number, and Social number of the following. Show your work:<br><br><b>1.</b> Your name<br><br><b>2.</b> Your HOH's name<br><br><b>3.</b> Your Patronus (or an animal you like, if you do not have a

Patronus license)<br><br><b>4.</b> The name of your House<br><br><b>5.</b> The name of your favorite Harry Potter character

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=Arithmancy+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[ASTRONOMY]

<div class="part" id="as1"><h1>First Year Astronomy</h1>Good evening, students, and welcome to Hogwarts! I hope that you are enjoying yourself and your classes. Astronomy is a deeply fascinating subject, and it is one of the only fields of study at Hogwarts which has a direct equivalent in the Muggle world. In our classes, we will be learning the names of stars, constellations, and planets, as well as their location and movements, and describing the environments of planets and moons. Let's dive right in!<p>

Stars are giant, luminous spheres of plasma. There are billions of them — including our own sun — in the Milky Way Galaxy. And there are billions of galaxies in the universe. So far, we have learned that hundreds also have planets orbiting them. Since the dawn of recorded civilization, stars played a key role in religion and proved vital to navigation. Astronomy - the study of the heavens - is the most ancient of the sciences. Contrary to Muggle belief, humans are not the only astronomers, and they are not the best by a long shot. Centaurs have studied the skies for centuries, and they are far better at it than Muggles and Wizards alike.</p><p>

The invention of the telescope and the discovery of the laws of motion and gravity in the 17th century prompted the realization that stars were just like the sun, all obeying the same laws of physics. In the 19th century, photography and spectroscopy — the study of the wavelengths of light that objects emit — made it possible to investigate the compositions and motions of stars from afar, leading to the development of astrophysics.</p><p>

This can be a lot to take in, so make sure you take your notes carefully. Feel free to ask if you have any questions on the homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is Astronomy?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are stars made out of?<br><br><b>3.</b> How many stars are there in the galaxy? How many galaxies are there in the universe?<br><br><b>4.</b> How long have stars played a key role in civilization?<br><br><b>5.</b> What led to the development of astrophysics?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=pvaaux&subject=Astronomy+1">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#firstyear" class="nav2">Go back to the First Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="as2"><h1>Second Year Astronomy</h1><img src="http://i.imgur.com/Jo4J1vz.jpg" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;" width="200">As we learned in our last lesson, there are billions of stars in the universe. Because of this, you are probably wondering how we could possibly know anything about individual stars at all. Lucky for us, thousands of people before us have spent their lives mapping the skies and giving names to celestial bodies. Since there are so many stars in the universe, the Muggle International Astronomical Union, the world authority for assigning names to celestial objects, categorizes these stars and charts their locations.<p>

Since there are so many stars in the universe, the IAU uses a different system for newfound stars. Most consist of an abbreviation that stands for either the type of star or a catalog that lists information about the star, followed by a group of symbols. A star develops from a giant, slowly rotating cloud that is made up entirely or almost entirely of hydrogen and helium.</p><p> Due to its own gravitational pull, the cloud begins to collapse inward, and as it shrinks, it spins more and more quickly, with the outer parts becoming a disk while the innermost parts become a roughly spherical clump. This collapsing material grows hotter and denser, forming a ball-shaped protostar (picture below). When the heat and pressure in the protostar reaches about 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit (1 million degrees Celsius), atomic nuclei that normally repel each other start fusing together, and the star ignites. Nuclear fusion converts a small amount of the mass of these atoms into extraordinary amounts of energy.</p><p>

Although our solar system only has one star, most stars like our sun are not solitary, but are binaries where two stars orbit each other, or multiples involving even more stars. In fact, just one-third of stars like our sun are single, while two-thirds are multiples — for instance, the closest neighbor to our solar system, Proxima Centauri, is part of a multiple system that also includes Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B. Binary stars develop when two protostars form near each other. One member of this pair can influence its companion if they are close enough together, stripping away matter in a process called mass transfer. If one of the members is a giant star that leaves behind a neutron star or a black hole, an X-ray binary can form, where matter pulled from the stellar remnant's companion can get extremely hot — more than 1 million F (555,500 C) and emit X-rays.</p><p>

Now that we have the basic makeup for stars out of the way, please move on to your homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Who is in charge of the international directory of celestial bodies?<br><br><b>2.</b> Fill in the blank: A star develops from a giant, ___ ___ ___ that is made up entirely or almost entirely of ___ and ___.<br><br><b>3.</b> What are binary stars?<br><br><b>4.</b> What causes a binary star?<br><br><b>5.</b> What could cause a star to reach 1 million degrees F (555,555 C) and emit x-rays? What is this called?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=pvaaux&subject=Astronomy+2">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#secondyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Second Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="as3"><h1>Third Year Astronomy</h1>Welcome back to Astronomy, students! In this lesson, we will be moving on to planets. What is a Planet?

This seemingly simple question doesn't have a simple answer. Everyone knows that Earth, Mars and Jupiter are planets. At least, they are for now. Both Pluto and Ceres were once considered planets until new discoveries triggered scientific debate about how to best describe them—a vigorous debate that continues to this day. The most recent definition of a planet was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2006. It says a planet must do three things:

<p>

1. It must orbit a star (in our cosmic neighborhood, the Sun).<br>

2. It must be big enough to have enough gravity to force it into a spherical shape.<br>

3. It must be big enough that its gravity cleared away any other objects of a similar size near its orbit around the Sun.

</p><p>

Discussion — and debate — will continue as our view of the cosmos continues to expand. For brevity's sake, we will only discuss the planets in our own solar system during this class. </p><p>

The smallest planet in our solar system and nearest to the Sun, Mercury is only slightly larger than Earth's moon. From the surface of Mercury, the Sun would appear more than three times as large as it does when viewed from Earth, and the sunlight would be as much as 11 times brighter. Despite its proximity to the Sun, Mercury is not the hottest planet in our solar system—that title belongs to nearby Venus—but it is the fastest, zipping around the Sun every 88 Earth days. The Muggle's National Aeronautics and Space Administration states that Mercury was not discovered, but rather, "known by the ancients." Mercury is approximately 37.2 million miles from the Sun.

</p><p>

The second planet from the Sun and our closest planetary neighbor, Venus is similar in structure and size to Earth, but it is now a very different world. Venus spins slowly in the opposite direction most planets do. Its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet in our solar system—with surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead. Venus is approximately 67 million miles from the Sun, and has a year length of 225 Earth days.

</p><p>

If the Sun were as tall as a typical front door, Earth would be the size of a dime, and Mars would be about as big as an aspirin tablet. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun at an average distance of about 142 million miles. One day on Mars takes a little over 24 hours. Mars makes a complete orbit around the Sun (a year in Martian time) in 687 Earth days.

</p><p>

The fifth planet from the Sun, and the most massive in our solar system, Jupiter has a long history surprising scientists—all the way back to 1610 when Galileo Galilei found the first moons beyond Earth. That discovery changed the way we see the universe. Jupiter is 501.8 million miles from the sun, and orbits the sun in 4,333 Earth days.

</p><p>

Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the second largest planet in our solar system. Adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets, Saturn is unique among the planets. It is not the only planet to have rings—made of chunks of ice and rock—but none are as spectacular or as complicated as Saturn's. Like fellow gas giant Jupiter, Saturn is a massive ball made mostly of hydrogen and helium. Saturn is approximately 935.6 million miles from the sun. One year on Saturn is equivalent to 10,759 Earth days.

</p><p>

The first planet found with the aid of a telescope, Uransu was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel, although he originally thought it was either a comet or a star. It was two years later that the object was universally accepted as a new planet, in part because of observations by astronomer Johann Elert Bode. Herschel tried unsuccessfully to name his discovery Georgium Sidus after King George III. Instead the planet was named for Uransu, the Greek god of the sky. Uransu is approximately 1.8 billion miles from the Sun and has a year length of 30,687 Earth days.

</p><p>

The last planet in our solar system is Neptune. Dark, cold and whipped by supersonic winds, ice giant Neptune is the eighth and most distant planet in our solar system. More than 30 times as far from the Sun as Earth, Neptune is the only planet in our solar system not visible to the naked eye. In 2011 Neptune completed its first 165-year orbit since its discovery in 1846. On average, Neptune is 2.7 billion miles from the Sun, and one year consists of 60,190 Earth days.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are the 8 planets in our solar system?<br><br><b>2.</b> List the distance each planet is from the sun (in miles, excluding the Earth) and how many Earth days it takes for them to orbit once.<br><br><b>3.</b> What was the first planet found with the aid of a telescope? <br><br><b>4.</b> What is the hottest planet?<br><br><b>5.</b> What are Saturn and Jupiter mostly comprised of?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=pvaaux&subject=Astronomy+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="as4"><h1>Fourth Year Astronomy</h1>Hello, dearest students! I am thrilled to see you back again. Today we are discussing constellations, which are a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern.<p>

Most constellation names are Latin in origin, dating from the Roman empire, but their meanings often originated in the distant past of human civilization. Scorpius, for instance, was given its name from the Latin word for scorpion, but ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs from before 3000 B.C. refer to the star group as "Ip," the scorpion king. Orion, the hunter, bears a Greek name, but had been seen as a hunter-hero figure since the times of ancient Babylon.</p><p>

Of course, many of the constellation names are more modern -- Telescopium, the telescope, being a rather obvious newcomer. In fact, by the 19th century the night sky had become crowded with overlapping and often contradictory constellation boundaries and names as different schools of astronomy prepared their own versions of star maps. To clear up the confusion, names and boundaries were "officially" assigned to 88 constellations by the International Astronomical Union in 1930, providing complete coverage of the entire sky.</p><p>

Though many people start their days by checking their horoscope in the newspaper, the 12 constellations of the zodiac are no more important to astronomers than the other 76 constellations. We will discuss the zodiac in subsequent classes. True scientific astronomy has its roots in the attempts of ancient astrologers to predict future occurrences of, for instance, imperial Jupiter and the blood-red planet Mars meeting within the charging bull of Taurus -- a potentially powerful omen for those who believed the planets represented the gods themselves.</p><p>

Some constellations that are recognized by the IAU are:<br>

Aquila, the Eagle<br>

Auriga, the Charioteer<br>

Boötes, the Herdsman<br>

Canis Major, the Great Dog<br>

Cassiopeia, the Queen<br>

Cygnus, the Swan<br>

Lyra, the Harp<br>

Pegasus, the Flying Horse<br>

and Perseus, the Hero</p><p>

When you're ready, move on to homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is a constellation?<br><br><b>2.</b> From what language do most constellation names originate?<br><br><b>3.</b> How many official constellations are there?<br><br><b>4.</b> Why could the movements of these bodies be powerful omens?<br><br><b>5.</b> List the names of three of the constellations mentioned in class, plus what the constellation depicts.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=pvaaux&subject=Astronomy+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="as5"><h1>Fifth Year Astronomy</h1>Good evening, students. As promised, we are moving on to the zodiac. The significance of the zodiac stems from the fact that the ecliptic -- the narrow path on the sky that the Sun, Moon, and planets appear to follow -- runs directly through these star groupings. Since ancient times, the Sun, Moon, and planets have been known as special astronomical objects -- they "wander" through the background stars of the zodiac, which remain fixed with respect to each other. It was reasoned that these zodiacal constellations must be special to make up this path, and the relative positions of the "wandering stars" within them bore great importance. Below is a list of the zodiac constellations by Latin name, and then by English name:<p>

Aries - The Ram<br>

Taurus - The Bull<br>

Gemini - The Twins<br>

Cancer - The Crab<br>

Leo - The Lion<br>

Virgo - The Maiden<br>

Libra - The Scales<br>

Scorpio - The Scorpion<br>

Sagittarius - The (Centaur) Archer<br>

Capricorn - "Goat Mountain" or "Goat-horned" (The Sea-Goat)<br>

Aquarius - The Water Bearer<br>

Pisces - The Fish<br><br>

The zodiacal signs are distinct from the constellations associated with them, not only because of their drifting apart due to the precession of equinoxes but also because the physical constellations take up varying widths of the ecliptic, so the Sun is not in each constellation for the same amount of time. Thus, Virgo takes up five times as much ecliptic longitude as Scorpius. The zodiacal signs are an abstraction from the physical constellations, and each represent exactly one twelfth of the full circle, or the longitude traversed by the Sun in about 30.4 days. When you are done taking notes, you may move on to the homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Why is the zodiac important?<br><br><b>2.</b> What is the ecliptic?<br><br><b>3.</b> What are all the Latin names for the zodiac constellations?<br><br><b>4.</b> What are all the English names of the zodiac constellations?<br><br><b>5.</b> Why are the zodiacal signs distinct from the constellations associated with them?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=pvaaux&subject=Astronomy+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="as6"><h1>Sixth Year Astronomy</h1>Welcome back to our zodiac discussion, everyone. We will be continuing where we left off. This class will teach you the Tropical zodiac dates, Sidereal zodiac dates, IAU boundaries, the Solar stay, and the Brightest star within each of the zodiac constellations.

<b>1.</b> What zodiac sign has the tropical dates of 24 October - 22 November?<br><br><b>2.</b> Which zodiac has no tropical or sidereal zodiac dates?<br><br><b>3.</b> Which zodiac has a solar stay of 38 days?<br><br><b>4.</b> Deneb Algedi is the brightest star in which constellation?<br><br><b>5.</b> List the name, Tropical, Sidereal, IAU boundaries, solar stay, and the brightest star for your zodiac sign.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=pvaaux&subject=Astronomy+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="as7"><h1>Seventh Year Astronomy</h1>Good evening for the last time, everyone! It has been a fantastic journey discovering the cosmos with all of you. For this last lesson, I thought we would do something a little different, but nonetheless important. Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space. Among the objects studied are the Sun, other stars, galaxies, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium and the cosmic microwave background. Their emissions are examined across all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the properties examined include luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition. Because astrophysics is a very broad subject, Muggle astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics. <p>In practice, modern astronomical research often involves a substantial amount of work in the realms of theoretical and observational physics. Some areas of study for astrophysicists include their attempts to determine: the properties of dark matter, dark energy, and black holes; whether or not time travel is possible, wormholes can form, or the multiverse exists; and the origin and ultimate fate of the universe. Topics also studied by theoretical astrophysicists include: Solar System formation and evolution; stellar dynamics and evolution; galaxy formation and evolution; magnetohydrodynamics; large-scale structure of matter in the universe; origin of cosmic rays; general relativity and physical cosmology, including string cosmology and astroparticle physics.</p><p>

Observational astronomy is a division of the astronomical science that is concerned with recording data, in contrast with theoretical astrophysics, which is mainly concerned with finding out the measurable implications of physical models. It is the practice of observing celestial objects by using telescopes and other astronomical apparatus. The majority of astrophysical observations are made using the electromagnetic spectrum. Other than electromagnetic radiation, few things may be observed from the Earth that originate from great distances. A few gravitational wave observatories have been constructed, but gravitational waves are extremely difficult to detect. Neutrino observatories have also been built, primarily to study our Sun. Cosmic rays consisting of very high energy particles can be observed hitting the Earth's atmosphere.</p><p>

Theoretical astrophysicists use a wide variety of tools which include anayltical models (for example, polytropes to approximate the behaviors of a star) and computational numerical simulations. Each has some advantages. Anayltical models of a process are generally better for giving insight into the heart of what is going on. Numerical models can reveal the existence of phenomena and effects that would otherwise not be seen. Theorists in astrophysics endeavor to create theoretical models and figure out the observational consequences of those models. This helps allow observers to look for data that can refute a model or help in choosing between several alternate or conflicting models.</p><p>

The roots of astrophysics can be found in the seventeenth century emergence of a unified physics, in which the same laws applied to the celestial and terrestrial realms. There were scientists who were qualified in both physics and astronomy who laid the firm foundation for the current science of astrophysics.</p><p>

This concludes our study of astronomy! I hope you all have enjoyed learning all I have to teach you!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Fill in the blank: Astrophysics employs the principles of ___ and ___ to ascertain the ___ of the astronomical object<br><br><b>2.</b> What is included in the properties are examined of objects studied?<br><br><b>3.</b> Which type of astronomy would you be performing if you were using a telescope?<br><br><b>4.</b> What are the advantages of each tool used by theoretical astrophysicists?

<br><br><b>5.</b> Where are the roots of astrophysics?

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[CARE OF MAGICAL CREATURES]

<div class="part" id="mc3"><h1>Third Year Care of Magical Creatures</h1>Hello students! Welcome to Care of Magical Creatures. In this elective, we will be learning about a variety of magical creatures, from Flobberworms to Dragons. Today, we are starting off with the Hippogriff, which is a magical creature that is very similar to a more well known creature - the Griffin. They have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXX. Hippogriffs have the front legs, head, and wings of an enormous Eagle, and the body and hind legs of a horse. The breeding of Hippogriffs is an established career, with images of these "fancy" Hippogriffs sometimes making their way into calendars. The Hippogriff's coat changes smoothly from feathers to hair, and they come in a variety of colors: stormy grey, bronze, pinkish roan, gleaming chestnut, and inky black. Hippogriffs are very beautiful, but err with caution, as they are carnivorous and extremely dangerous when untamed. Taming a Hippogriff should only be attempted by a trained Witch or Wizard. The diet of Hippogriffs is mainly insects, birds, and small mammals (such as ferrets). If no other food is available, they will sometimes paw at the ground to find worms. During their breeding, Hippogriffs make their nests on the ground and lay a single, very fragile egg. The egg hatches after about 24 hours, and the infant Hippogriff is capable of flight within one week. However, it takes many months before they are strong enough to accompany their parents on long journeys. When humans approach Hippogriffs, a proper etiquette must be maintained in order to avoid danger. Hippogriffs are proud creatures, and an individual must show proper respect by bowing to them, and waiting for them to bow in return before approaching. Eye contact should be maintained at all times, without a single blink. The Hippogriff should be allowed to make the first move, as this is polite. If offended, it may attack. Hippogriffs are tameable, but only by experts in their care. Owners of Hippogriffs are required by law to cast a Disillusionment Charm on the creature every day to prevent it from being seen by Muggles. Using Hippogriffs for personal transportation is also illegal under the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy.<p>Next up, we have The Flobberworm: a herbivorous, ten-inch, toothless brown worm which eats mainly lettuce and cabbage. It is a fairly boring creature, with a Ministry of Magic Classification of only X (the lowest possible ranking, or "boring"). Each end is identical to the other, each end chews vegetation and from both it exudes mucus which is sometimes used to thicken potions. It moves very little and prefers to live in damp ditches. Flobberworms do not have teeth and do not bite. They are apparently edible and Flobberworm fritters are sometimes served for lunch at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, much to the dismay of the student body. The Flobberworm was notable for being one of the few living creatures capable of being Summoned with the Summoning Charm. Flobberworm mucus is green and sticky and is used to thicken potions; it is a vital ingredient in the Wiggenweld potion.</p><p>This last creature is probably the most interesting out of the three discussed today. The salamander is a small fire dwelling lizard that feeds on flames. Salamanders have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXX. They are born out of flames, specifically called salamander fires, and appear to be blue or red depending on the heat of the flames. They live as long as the flames that spawned them. The salamander can survive outside out of the flames that birthed it for up to six hours if fed on pepper. Salamander blood has powerful regenerative and curative properties. Muggle world salamanders are amphibians, not lizards, and have no affinity for fire. It's unknown if salamanders can shed their skin like Muggle world salamanders. There are different types of salamanders, such as the blue and the scarlet variety. The maximum number of hours a salamander can survive out of fire is six, and the amount of legs most salamanders have is six, which is why the Salamander is used in the runic alphabet to represent the number six. Scale rot is an illness that can affect both salamanders and dragons. If left untreated, it can cause a salamander's tail to detach. There also exists a variant species called the Frost Salamander that instead of dwelling in fire is closely associated with ice.</p><p>These are three very different creatures, so I hope you paid close attention! Ask if you need any help completing the homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are the names of the three creatures we learned about today, and what is their Ministry Classification?

<br><br><b>2.</b> Which of these creatures has a group of breeders that breed "fancy" versions of them?<br><br><b>3.</b> What is the most notable thing about the Flobberworm? (Something that is unique to these creatures)<br><br><b>4.</b> What potion uses Flobberworm mucus?<br><br><b>5.</b> What illness is shared by both Salamanders and Dragons? What will happen to a Salamander if this condition is left untreated?

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<div class="part" id="mc4"><h1>Fourth Year Care of Magical Creatures</h1>Welcome back to Care of Magical Creatures, everyone! This lesson, we are starting by discussing the Blast-Ended Skrewt. The Blast-Ended Skrewt is a hybrid creature bred by Rubeus Hagrid in the autumn of 1994, by crossing Manticores and Fire crabs. Whether Hagrid used magic or somehow got the two to mate is unknown. Blast-Ended Skrewts have no Ministry of Magic Classification and are possibly extinct. Newly hatched Skrewts looked like pale, slimy deformed shell-less lobsters or scorpions. They had legs sticking out at odd angles. They were about six inches long and smelled strongly of rotten fish. Sparks flew out of their rear ends every so often, which propelled them forward a few inches. The males had stingers and the females had suckers on their body to suck blood. The skrewts do not hibernate during winter. After two months of caring for the Skrewts, they had grown to three feet long and became extremely ill tempered, making it hard to get close to one. They grew grey, shiny armour over their pale bodies and began to resemble a cross between giant scorpions and elongated crabs. The males held their stingers over their backs, and were highly dangerous and repulsive. By June, the Skrewts had grown ten feet long, and were incredibly dangerous (and probably quite lethal). They resembled giant scorpions with stingers curled over their backs. Their shiny armour deflected most spells, and they used their blasts to propel themselves at a foe. Its single undefended spot was its armour-less underside. Hagrid began breeding the Skrewts at the beginning of September, and had several hundred. By the following June, he only had one, which was the one that was placed in the Triwizard Tournament maze. Hagrid never discovered what they ate. They often kliled each other off , so it is not surprising they died so quickly. The remaining Skrewt may have been released into the forest. It is also possible that Hagrid kept it for breeding, or it eventually died.<p>The next creature of this lesson, the Fire Crab, is a large, turtle-like crab creature native to the island of Fiji. Fire Crabs have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXX. It has six legs, and a heavily jewelled shell, with different colours. It is able to defend itself by shooting flames from its rear end when it is attacked. The Fire Crab is a protected species, and a reservation has been created to protect this species from Muggles, who would value the jewelled shell, and wizards who use the shells as cauldrons. Fire Crabs are sold and exported as pets, but the owners require a special licence. The Ministry of Magic states that a competent wizard should be able to cope with this animal. Fifth years are required to demonstrate how to feed and clean out a Fire Crab cage without sustaining serious burns for their Care of Magical Creatures O.W.L. Different fire crab variants exist, which can be identified by the jewels in their shells. Noted variants include shells fitted with rubies, sapphires, and emeralds. Rubeus Hagrid was somehow able to get Fire Crabs and Manticores to mate, creating the hybrid Blast-Ended Skrewts.</p><p>Continuing on with the lesson, we arrive at the Niffler. A Niffler is a creature with a long snout and a coat of black, fluffy fur. They are attracted to shiny things, which makes them wonderful for locating treasure, but this also means that they can wreak havoc if kept (or set loose) indoors. Nifflers in general are usually harmless, and they have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXX. Nifflers have a long snout similar to that of a platypus and a coat of black, fluffy fur. Native to Britain, they live in burrows as deep as twenty feet below ground, and produce six to eight young in a single litter. Nifflers have a pouch on their bellies which holds far more than at first seems possible, like the effects of an Undetectable Extension Charm on a container. Nifflers are gentle by nature and can even be affectionate towards their owners. However, they can destroy belongings looking for sparkly objects, and for that reason it is inadvisable to keep them as a house pet. It is also implied that they could turn vicious if provoked. Historically, Nifflers were kept by Goblins to burrow for treasure.</p><p>The last creature for this lesson, and one of my favorite creatures of all time, is the Unicorn. The Unicorn is a white horse with a horn sticking out of its head. It has a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXXX. Unicorn foals are born pure gold in colour. They remain so until they are about two years old, at which time they turn silver in colour. At around four years old their horn grows in. They are fully grown at about seven years old, at which at this age they turn a shade of pure white that is so bright that it makes freshly fallen snow look grey in comparison. Their hooves are golden (remaining so from their gold stage, the first two years of their life), and their blood is silver-blue in colour and shines under the moonlight. It is not mentioned how long a Unicorn can live for. Unicorns inhabit the forests of Europe, including the Forbidden Forest by Hogwarts. Unicorns prefer a woman's touch, but the young ones are more trusting and do not mind men as much. Unicorns are also so fleet of hoof that they can rarely be caught by humans. They are also fast enough to outrun werewolves with absurd ease. Wandmakers such as the Ollivander family also pluck hairs from the tails of the creatures to use in wands. Not aggressive without cause, but should be treated with great respect. Various parts of the Unicorn — the horn and tail hair in particular — are used in potions. Unicorn hair in general is used for the cores of wands. Unicorn hair can be used in wandmaking; they produce the most consistent magic, least subject to fluctuations and blockages, most difficult to turn to the Dark Arts and the most faithful of wands. However, they do not make the most powerful of wands and are prone to melancholy if mishandled. Garrick Ollivander made wands with unicorn hairs. The tail hair can also be used as binding in bandages due to its incredible strength. The blood of a unicorn can be used to keep a person who is near death alive, but you will have but a half-life, a cursed life, from the moment the blood touches your lips. The unicorn's single straight horn is used, in runic, to symbolise the number one. A unicorn is also one rare possible corporeal form of the Patronus Charm!</p><p>

We have learned a lot of information today, so be sure to take good notes before attempting your homework assignment!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are the names of the four creatures we learned about today, and what is their Ministry Classification?<br><br><b>2.</b> The Blast-Ended Skrewt is a cross-breed of what other two creatures? <br><br><b>3.</b> Why are Fire Crabs a protected species? (Include why they are protected from Muggles and Wizards.)<br><br><b>4.</b> What is unique about a Niffler's pouch?<br><br><b>5.</b> What are the pros and cons of using Unicorn tail hair as a wand core?

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<div class="part" id="mc5"><h1>Fifth Year Care of Magical Creatures</h1>Hello, fifth years! This lesson is going to start out with something you may not even be able to see - Thestrals. If you can see them, you may have already noticed that they pull the carriages to bring you all to Hogwarts! Nope - the carriages do NOT pull themselves with magic! A Thestral is a breed of winged horses with a skeletal body, face with reptilian features, and wide, leathery wings that resemble a bat's. They are very rare, and are considered dangerous by the Ministry of Magic. They have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXXX. Thestrals are, undeservedly, known as omens of misfortune and aggression by many wizards because they are visible only to those who have witnessed death at least once or due to their somewhat grim, gaunt and ghostly appearance. Due to Thestrals' classification as XXXX, only experienced wizards should try to handle Thestrals. Breeding as well as owning these beasts may be discouraged or even illegal without Ministry consent; in fact, wizards that live in areas not protected against Muggles are forced by law to perform Disillusionment Charms on their Thestrals regularly. A Thestral is also one possible corporeal form of the Patronus Charm! Thestrals have quite a disturbing appearance and the wizards who are capable of seeing them often only describe these creatures as being sinister and spooky. This is because they are seen as having big, bony figures and their dragon-like faces which bear white, glittering eyes that lack both -disallowed_word- their spooky appearance notwithstanding) are they in any way threatening to humans, always allowing for the fright that the first sight of them tends to give the observer. They hunt not only for food in the ground, but also pursue flying prey. The Thestrals that live within the Hogwarts grounds, in the Forbidden Forest, are properly fed and well trained. They don't attack other creatures or students unless seriously disturbed. Thestrals can be domesticated and mounted, so they are used as an alternative to brooms, Apparition, and other methods of transportation. Once trained, they are very diligent and will quickly carry their owners wherever they wish to go. However, travel by Thestral is technically illegal, as it is a breach of the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy.<p>The next creature we will be discussing is much smaller than a Thestral. The Bowtruckle can be found in western England, southern Germany, and certain Scandinavian forests. They have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XX. A Bowtruckle serves as a tree guardian for its home tree, which is usually a tree whose wood is of wand quality (such as a Wiggentree). The twig-like fingers are well adapted for digging out wood lice in trees and can also be used as a weapon against a foe when aimed at the eyes. It is generally a peaceful creature but will become violent if anything threatens its tree or itself. To take leaves or wood from a Bowtruckle's tree one would have to offer it wood lice or fairy eggs as a distraction. A group of Bowtruckles is called a branch.</p><p>The last creature today is the first creature that we have spoken of that is a dark creature - the Grindylow. A Grindylow is a small, horned, pale-green water demon and a Dark creature. Aggressive towards witches, wizards and muggles alike, the Grindylow has only ever been tamed by merpeople; the half-fish water dwellers who sometimes keep them as pets. They have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XX. Grindylows survive, for the most part, on fish, algae, and small sea creatures; however, occasionally they will eat humans (it is for this reason that they are classified as dark creatures). These creatures are found in the wede beds at the bottom of lakes in Great Britain and Ireland. The Grindylow is particularly prevalent in Yorkshire, where it displays a large amount of physical variation. It is generally found in still or stagnant water. In more recent years, Grindylows have taken to urban environments such as Porter Beach in the heart of Sheffield, where they shelter in submerged shopping trolleys and traffic cones. The Grindylow is a sickly green colour, with green teeth and small pointy horns on its head. It has long, strong (albeit brittle) fingers which it uses to strangle its prey, and is a rather good swimmer. The Grindylow has long, brittle fingers which despite their fragility are rather strong. The trick to escaping a Grindylow is to break their grip on a person; it can also be noted that the Revulsion Jinx may help with this task, as underwater it shoots jets of boiling hot water. In Muggle lore, The grindylow is a name for a type of water demon said to grab little children from the edge of a body of water and drown them. The term is used in the Muggle folktales of Yorkshire and Lancashire.</p><p>Boy, that was a little spooky! Collect your bearings and move on to the homework when you are ready.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are the names of the three creatures we learned about today, and what is their Ministry Classification?<br><br><b>2.</b> How do thestrals communicate with one another?<br><br><b>3.</b> A Bowtruckle serves as a ___ ___ for it's home tree, which is usually ___.<br><br><b>4.</b> Why is a Grindylow classified as a dark creature?<br><br><b>5.</b> What is the trick for escaping a Grindylow?

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<div class="part" id="mc6"><h1>Sixth Year Care of Magical Creatures</h1>Welcome back, students! I would like to apologize beforehand for any of those who may have arachnophobia, for our first creature may bother you a bit. An Acromantula is a species of giant spider, native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia, particularly Borneo where it inhabits dense jungles. Acromantulas are believed to be a wizard-bred species, designed to guard dwellings or treasure hoards, and were first created before the Ban on Experimental Breeding in 1965. These giant spiders with a taste for human flesh were first spotted in 1794, and they are the first creature we have studied with a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXXXX. Creatures with this classification are known wizard klilers, and are impossible to train or domesticate. Acromantulas sport eight, black eyes (white if blind) and are typically covered in thick black hair, with a leg span that can reach up to fifteen feet. They are the size of a carthorse, if adult. They possess a set of giant chelicerae which they use to eat live prey or their own dead kin. Their pincers produce a clicking sound when they are agitated or excited. They also secrete poison when excited. They are sentient, and capable of human speech. The fangs contain highly toxic venom, valued at 100 Galleons a pint in 1996. The female is usually larger than the male, and can lay up to one hundred soft, wide, beach ball-sized eggs at a time. They usually hatch in six to eight weeks. Acromantula eggs are a Class A Non-Tradable Goods. In contrary to most non-magical spiders, Acromantulas are social animals, who live in large colonies consisting of hundreds of their species. These colonies are led by the oldest male and female of said colonies, who are highly respected and met with absolute obedience. Acromantulas are capable of forming emotional attachments to other sentient beings, but only if they are raised well from a very young age. A good example is the friendship between Aragog and Rubeus Hagrid, with the latter having raised the giant spider from when he was still in his egg. However, this friendship does not automatically extend to people associated with whoever managed to win the respect of an Acromantula nor do other members of a colony automatically treat said person as friend, as they will first and foremost treat humans and other sentient beings like prey. Whenever a member of an Acromantula colony dies, his or her corpse will be eaten by the other spiders upon death. This includes the leaders of a colony. It is not known if a dead Acromantula will be mourned by other members of its species so it cannot be said for certain if this is a funeral rite or simply a way to acquire food. The basilisk is the worst enemy of all spiders, including Acromantulas, feared so much that they do not even dare to speak of it.<p>Our next creature is as equally terrifying as the Acromantula. The Basilisk is a giant serpent, also known as the King of Serpents. It is a creature bred by Dark Wizards, and as such has a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXXXX. Herpo the Foul was the first to breed a Basilisk; he accomplished this by hatching a chicken egg beneath a toad which resulted in the creature known as a Basilisk. Basilisk breeding was banned in Medieval times. The practise can be hidden when the Department for Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures comes to check by simply removing the egg from the toad. Looking a Basilisk directly in the eye will immediately klil the victim, but indirect contact will merely render them Petrified. It is also the mortal enemy of spiders, who can intuitively sense them and flee whenever they do. Since the Basilisk is still a serpent, a Parselmouth may place a Basilisk under his or her control. This depends on the relationship between the Basilisk and the Parselmouth. Tom Riddle was the only one who could command Salazar Slytherin's Basilisk, while Harry Potter had no control over it. The Basilisk can grow up to fifty feet in length, and is a dark green colour with large yellow eyes. Basilisk skin is armoured like that of a dragon's, which deflects spells cast upon it. The Basilisk sheds its skin at intervals, like all other snakes, when it grows. Basilisks can live a natural life of at least nine hundred years, though Salazar Slytherin's Basilisk lived for approximately a thousand years. This is accomplished by using Parseltongue to put the creature into a deep sleep that prevents it from ageing, similar to suspended animation. Their mortal weakness is the crowing of a rooster. Basilisks feed off vertebrate animals, it is unknown how much they eat at one time. The Serpent of Slytherin survived on rats. The male can be distinguished from the female by a single scarlet plume on its head. The only creature known to be immune to the deadly gaze of the Basilisk is the Phoenix.</p><p>Up next are Centaurs, magical creatures whose head, torso, and arms appear to be human and are joined to a horse's body. They are, however, their own species, and are not any kind of half-breed. They also have a rich history and are known for being skliled in healing, divination and astronomy. Centaurs have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXXX. Like horses, centaurs can come in a variety of colours, ranging from deep black to white. A centaur by the name of Firenze had white-blonde hair, a body light in colour, and possessed astonishingly blue eyes. Magorian on the other hand possessed black hair and was chestnut in colour. They are not very pleased to be insulted, particularly where their lineage is concerned, as Professor Umbridge found out to her cost. Centaurs may possess the ability to be clairvoyant, as they are known to be gifted in divining. Indeed, the centaurs of the Forbidden Forest regularly make vague allusions to seeing the future, as when the centaur Firenze told Harry Potter that they were fated to meet again, and when he and Bane spoke of the "intermission" of sorts, between the First and Second Wizarding Wars. He also mentioned to his class at Hogwarts, that centaurs spend years trying to master their particular art of divining the fates. Centaurs are forest-dwelling, and, in each country where colonies exist, the wizarding authority has set aside land exclusively for their use. One such colony exists in the Forbidden Forest, at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. However, centaurs have their own methods of concealment and avoid contact with both wizards and witches and Muggles, as they are not fans of humans. They generally live in herds of ten to fifty individuals. Starting in 1811, centaurs were offered "Being" status, when Grogan Stump decreed that a "being" was "any creature that has sufficient intelligence to understand the laws of the magical community and to bear part of the responsibility in shaping those laws." However, they declined because of the associations with other creatures, such as vampires and hags, that "being" status would give them. The merpeople made the same decision a year later.</p><p>

Despite being highly intelligent creatures, centaurs were still officially classified as of "near-human intelligence" by the Ministry of Magic in the mid-1990s, per the text of Law Fifteen B, as laid down by the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures. Centaurs take this phrase to be a great insult, as Dolores Umbridge found out the hard way, as they find that "[their] intelligence, thankfully, far outstrips [humans']." A Centaur Liaison Office still exists in the Ministry of Magic's Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures, though no centaur has ever used it. In fact, the phrase "Being sent to the Centaur Office" has become an in-joke at the Ministry, meaning that the person in question is about to be sacked. A centaur was also represented in the Fountain of Magical Brethren at the Ministry of Magic, at least before the fountain's destruction during the battle between Albus Dumbledore and You-Know-Who.</p><p>Finally we arrive at Quintapeds, which are only found on the Isle of Drear. This isle lies off of the northernmost tip of Scotland. The isle has been made Unplottable to minimize the danger posed by these creatures, which have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXXXX. The quintaped is carnivorous, with a particular taste for humans and as such are extremely hostile towards them. The Quintaped has five club footed legs, and is therefore used to represent the number five in the runic alphabet. According to legend, Isle of Drear was populated by two wizard families, the MacBoon clan and the McClivert clan, who were apparently rivals. The family heads, Dugald McClivert and Quintius MacBoon, got drunk and engaged in a wizard's duel, which resulted in Dugald's death. In retaliation, the McCliverts attacked the MacBoons, turning them all into monstrous five-legged beasts. However, the MacBoons were infamously inept wizards, and the McCliverts realised too late that they had made the MacBoons infinitely more deadly. Resisting desperate McClivert attempts to untransfigure them, the MacBoons kliled all the resident McCliverts. Whether the legend is true or not is unclaer. There are no surviving McCliverts or MacBoons today that can relay the fate of their ancestors. For their part, the Quintapeds have resisted all attempts by the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures to Untransfigure them, and they are unable to communicate with the Quintaped. It can only be assumed that, if they are indeed Transfigured MacBoons, then they are happy to live the rest of their lives as Quintapeds. It is also possible that, due to this not having been a proper Animagus transformation, the MacBoons lost their intelligence in the process.</p><p>Please don't hesitate to ask me if you have any questions! Move on to the homework once you're finished taking notes.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are the names of the four creatures we learned about today, and what is their Ministry Classification?<br><br><b>2.</b> How can you tell the difference between a blind Acromantula and one that can see?<br><br><b>3.</b> Who was the first wizard to breed a basilisk, and how did they accomplish it?<br><br><b>4.</b> Why are Centaurs classified as Beasts and not Beings by the Ministry of Magic?<br><br><b>5.</b> Explain how Quintapeds are (thought to) have been created.

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<div class="part" id="mc7"><h1>Seventh Year Care of Magical Creatures</h1>Hello, seventh years! Congratulations, you're almost done! I saved the most dangerous - and most interesting - of the creatures for last. Dragons are giant winged, fire-breathing reptilian Creatures. Widely regarded as terrifying yet awe-inspiring, they can be found all over the world and are frequently referred to in Asian and medieval European folklore. Dragons have a Ministry of Magic Classification of XXXXX. Able to fly and breathe fire through their nostrils and mouths, they are one of the most dangerous and hardest to conceal creatures in the wizarding world. Despite how dangerous they are, there are people who are trained to work with them, called dragon keepers, or dragonologists. A wizard who trades and sells dragon eggs (which is an illegal activity) is referred to as a dragon dealer. Dragon mothers breathe fire on their eggs to keep them warm. They do not keep their eggs in nests. The dragon's first fire breaths, usually accompanied by thick grey smoke, appear when the dragon is around six months old. However, the ability to fly is normally developed later, at around twelve months, and the dragon will not be fully mature until it is two years old and ready to live on its own. Dragon Breeding for Pleasure and Profit states that you are to feed a baby dragon a bucket of brandy mixed with chicken blood every half hour. Not much is known about dragon behaviour, however it seems that, at least with the Chinese Fireball, females are generally larger and dominant over males. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them states that sometimes females oust males from their territories, at least with the Antipodean Opaleye. Dragons are generally highly aggressive towards anything, even wizards, and will sometimes attack humans without provocation. Dragon breeding was outlawed by the Warlocks' Convention of 1709. The single largest Memory Charm cast in recent memory was in 1932 and required because of a dragon swooping down on a beach filled with Muggle holidaymakers. Many useful materials come from dragons, but they are hard to obtain. It takes almost half a dozen wizards just to stun a dragon. Muggles believe that dragons are a mere myth, but have been known on occasion to glimpse these beasts. To prevent them from being seen by Muggles, and to protect them from poaching, dragons are kept on dragon reserves around the world, most of which are far from human habitation. Dragons cannot be domesticated, despite individuals trying to do so. However, it is possible to condition them via torture to make them somewhat subservient, as Gringotts Wizarding Bank had done to the one guarding the lower vaults, who had been trained to expect pain upon hearing a certain noise. The selling of dragon products is closely regulated by the Ministry of Magic, and only dragon species that are over-breeding are kliled to make these items. The materials that can be gathered from dragons are as follows: Dragon blood, dragon claw, dragon dung, dragon eggs, dragon heartstring, dragon horn, dragon hide, dragon liver, and dragon meat. The uses of these items vary from Potion-Making to fertilizer to wandmaking.<p>Dragons are definitely creatures to be respected. Move on to your homework when you're ready! It's been great getting to know each of you.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is the name of the creature we learned about today, and what is their Ministry Classification?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are people who work with Dragons called? (Two answers)<br><br><b>3.</b> What outlawed dragon breeding? When was it outlawed?<br><br><b>4.</b> How many wizards, on average, does it take to stun a dragon?<br><br><b>5.</b> What materials can be collected from dragons and redistributed for various purposes? (9 total)

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=COMC+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[CHARMS]

<div class="part" id="ch1"><h1>First Year Charms</h1> In year one we will learn about Wingardium Leviosa, Lumos, and Alohomora.

<p>

<b>Wingardium Leviosa</b><br>

Wingardium Leviosa is a charm that is used to make objects fly or levitate. In the sixteenth century this was first developed by warlock Jareth Hobart. He believed that he created a spell to fly but later realized that it was his clothes that he was levitating.</p><p> The incantation for Wingardium Leviosa is wing-GAR-dee-um levi-O-sa. This charm creates no light.

The wand movement is <br><img src="http://imgur.com/DfmQIkb.png"></p><p>

<b>Lumos </b><br>

Lumos the Wand-lightining charm is a simple charm that is used to illuminate the top of the caasto's wand. This was invented in the 18th century.</p><p> The light emited from your wand is white and is fairly warm. The incantation for Lumos is LOO-mos.

The wand movement is <br><img src="http://imgur.com/gBTlVlb.png"></p><p>

<b>Alohomora</b><br>

Alohomora the unlocking charm is a charm that unlocks and opens doors and windows. This spell creator was an Ancient African Sorcerer but it was Eldon Elsrickle who first brought it to Britian and used the spell to terrorize both Muggles and wizards.</p><p> The light emited can vary from Invisible, blue, yellow or purple. The incantation for Alohomora is al-LOH-ho-MOR-ah

The wand movement is <br><img src="http://imgur.com/HS9E2l7.png"></p><blockquote>

<h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Please list each charm with the following details:

Charm:<br>

Incantation:<br>

Wand Movement: (explain the wand movement)<br>

Light:<br><br><b>2.</b> What are some lesser variations of Wingardium Leviosa? (List two)<br><br><b>3.</b> What is the counter charm to Lumos?<br><br><b>4.</b> Why is Alohomora also known as the Thief's Friend?<br><br><b>5.</b> Explain a time (not mentioned in lesson) when each spell would be useful?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Charms+1">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#firstyear" class="nav2">Go back to the First Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ch2"><h1>Second Year Charms</h1>As you come into your second year of studying charms we will move on to some more difficult charms. This year we are focusing on dueling charms. Expelliarmus, Stupefy and Rictusempra

<p>

<b>Expelliarmus </b><br>

Expelliarmus or the Disarming Charm is a defensive charm. This charm when performed correctly will cause the victim to release what they are holding at the time. This makes is very useful when dueling as it will cause your opponent to release their wand. It is not known who created the charm.</p><p> The light emitted from your wand is scarlet . The incantation for Expelliarmus is ex-PELL-ee-ARE-muss</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

<img src="http://imgur.com/rTlfq1n.png"></p><p>

<b>Stupefy</b><br>

Stupefy also known as the Stunning Charm is one of the most useful defensive charm. Stupefy is used to render a target unconscious or semiconscious. It will also halt moving objects. The reason why this is a useful dueling charm as if your opponent is unconscious it is a guaranteed victory for you. The effects of a Stunning Spell may be counteracted by Rennervate, but will also wear off with time. It can also be deflected by a Shield Charm, and probably the Disarming Charm as well. Species known to be naturally resistant to the spell include dragons, trolls, giants and half-giants.</p><p> The light emitted is red or blue. The incantation for Stupefy is STEW-puh-fye</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

<img src="http://imgur.com/kdvBosg.png"></p><p>

<b>Rictusempra </b><br>

Rictusempra also known as the tickling charm with cause the victim to buckle over with laughter. Even though this spell would be seen as more of a jinx it also works well as a defensive charm. It is usually used as a diversionary tactic in duels.</p><p>

The light emitted is silver. The incantation for Rictusempra is ric-tuh-SEM-pra</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

Light:<br><br><b>2.</b> Why is expelliarmus a good spell to know for both wizarding life and muggle life.

<br><br><b>3.</b> If you were to Stupefy Hagrid would the spell work? <br><br><b>4.</b> Why is Rictusempra a good charm from dueling? <br><br><b>5.</b> Explain a time (not mentioned in lesson) when each spell would be useful?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Charms+2">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#secondyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Second Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ch3"><h1>Third Year Charms</h1>Welcome year three of your charms studies. This year we are learning about Petrificus Totalus, Spongify and Diffindo

<p>

<b>Petrificus Totalus </b><br>

Petrificus Totalus also known as the full body-bind curse and the body freezing spell. This is a curse that paralyses the opponent. This curse can be found in Curses and Counter-Curses by Vindictus Viridian. The victim's arms and legs snap together, and they will fall down, stiff as a board. However the person's sklils to hear, see (however just straight forward), feel, and think still work properly.</p><p>

Despite the incantation, the Full Body-Bind Curse is fundamentally different from petrification, which is highly advanced Dark Magic and which cannot be reversed by a simple counter-curse.

</p><p>

The light emitted is white. The incantation for Petrificus Totalus is pe-TRI-fi-cus to-TAH-lus</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

<img src="http://imgur.com/EpUmQtn.png"></p><p>

<b>Spongify</b><br>

Spongify also known as the softening charm is a charm that softens the target area or object. It makes it rubbery and bouncy. This is commonly used in baby proofing areas of rooms. </p><p>

The light emitted is pink. The incantation for SPUHN-jee-fye</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

<img src="http://imgur.com/xiVhSym.png"></p><p>

</p><p>

<b>Diffindo </b><br>

Diffindo also known as the Severing Charm is a charm used to precisely and accurately cut something. This is a dangerous spell to use on an object that is attached or near a person or creature as it can cause death or injury. This spell was invented in the fifteenth century by Delfina Crimp. She created the spell to use in her seamstress work.

</p><p>

The light emitted is either light green or hot pink . The incantation for Diffindo is deef-IN-doe</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

Light:<br><br><b>2.</b> Explain what happens to the victim of Petrificus Totalus <br><br><b>3.</b> What are some issues Spongify can cause? <br><br><b>4.</b> Why is Diffindo a dangerous charm to use?<br><br><b>5.</b> Explain a time (not mentioned in lesson) when each spell would be useful?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Charms+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ch4"><h1>Four Year Charms</h1><b>In year four we will be studying Accio, Depulso and Scourgify</b><br><p><b>

Accio</b><br>

Accio is a charm that can be performed at a distance to levitate or fly an object to the caster. It is one of the oldest spells known to the wizarding society. To cast this charm you must have the object clear and fixed in your mind before trying to summon it. This doesn't work on living objects or buildings. This spell is one of the oldest spells known to wizarding society. </p><p> No light emitted. The incantation for Accio is AK-key-oh

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. <br>

The Banishing Charm known as Depulso is the counter charm to the summoning charm of Accio. Depulso will banish any object either a living organism or an object that your wand is aimed at. Be careful with your aim anyone caught using this on a fellow student will get an automatic fail. This charm is also a useful dueling charm. </p><p> The light emitted is white or red. The incantation for Depulso is de-PUHL-so

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. <br><img src="http://i.imgur.com/oiZKlfa.jpg"></p><p>

<b>Scourgify</b><br>

The Scourgify (Scouring Charm) is a household charm that is used to clean an object. It can also be used to clean out smaller infestations of bundimun. When directed at a person it causes their mouth to be filled with soap. </p><p> No light is emitted . The incantation for Scourgify is SKUR-ji-fy.

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. <br>

Light:<br><br><b>2.</b> When can't you use Accio? <br><br><b>3.</b> Why is Depulso a good dueling charm? <br><br><b>4.</b> Give two reasons mothers use the spell Scourgify?<br><br><b>5.</b> Explain a time (not mentioned in lesson) when each spell would be useful?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Charms+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ch5"><h1>Fifth Year Charms</h1>In year 5 we are focusing on Counter Charms.

<p>

We are going to be doing the Shrinking (Reducio) and Engorgement (Engorgio). These are straightforward but surprisingly dangerous charms that cause certain things to swell or shrink. You will be learning both charms together, so that you will be able to undo an over-enthusiastic cast.

</p><p>

Due to the dangers of Engorgio we will start with Reducio.

</p><p>

<b>Reducio</b><br>

Reducio also known as the Shrinking Charm is a charm that enable you to decrese the apparent physical size of a target both internally and externally. </p><p>

The light emitted is purple. The incantation for Reducio is ruh-DOO-see-oh</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

<img src="http://thumb.ibb.co/jyCfL5/Reducio_movement.png"></p><p>

<b>

Engorgio

</b><br>

Engorgio also known as the Engorgement Charm is a charm that causes the target to swell immensely. If you attempt to engorge the target beyond a certain point it will violently explode. Which is why the counter charm has to be perfected first. </p><p>

The light emitted is icy blue. The incantation for Engorgio is en-GOR-gee-oh</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

<img src="http://thumb.ibb.co/bsVWA5/Engorgement_charm.png"></p><p>

<b>

Colloportus

</b><br>

Colloportus also known as the Locking Charm is a charm used to lock or seal doors so that they cannot be opened manually. Just remember any student found using this spell incorrectly will find themselves in detention. </p><p>

No light is emitted. The incantation for Colloportus is cull-low-PORE-tus</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

Light:<br><br><b>2.</b> True or False (explain your answer) - Reducio can't be used on living beings.<br><br><b>3.</b> What are the dangers of Engorgio?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is the counter charm to Colloportus? <br><br><b>5.</b> Explain a time (not mentioned in lesson) when each spell would be useful?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Charms+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ch6"><h1>Sixth Year Charms</h1>In Year 6 we are studying Incendio, Aguamenti, Glacius

<p>

<b>Incendio

</b><br>

Incendio also known as the fire-making charm is a charm that can be used to conjure a jet of orange and red flame to set objects alight. This is an extremely useful charm around a wizarding heousehold to light a warm hearth. But be careful the ability to produce fire with the flick of a wand can be dangerous to your fellow students or property. So this spell must not be performed without the supervision of either a professor or prefect until it is mastered along with the water making spell. Also the freezing spell you learnt earlier in this lesson can be used as a counter spell as well.

</p><p>

The light emitted is Orange and Red. The incantation for Incendio is in-SEN-dee-o.<br>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. <br><img src="http://thumb.ibb.co/eLm8vF/fire.png"></p><p><b>

Aguamenti

</b><br>

Aguamenti also known as the watermaking spell is a charm that conjures clean, drinkable water from the end of the wand. This can be a simple jet or a wave depending on the casters intention. It is unknown by whom and when this was invented. <br><br>

The light emitted is purple. The incantation for Aguamenti is AGUA-menti.<br>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. <br><img src="http://thumb.ibb.co/gxSFaF/water.png"></p><p><b>

Glacius

</b><br>

Glacius also known as the freezing Charm is a charm that causes the air in front of the tip of the wand to reach cold temperatures in the extreme. Which in turn can extinguish fires and create ice blocks from water. This has an unfortunate side-effect of making anyone's breath nearby turn to thick mist. </p><p>

The light emitted is blue. The incantation for Glacius is GLAY-see-us. </p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

Light:<br><br><b>2.</b> Why do you need to learn the counter charms prior to learning Incendio?<br><br><b>3.</b> True or false (explain your answer) - Aguamenti produces a small stream of water. <br><br><b>4.</b> What are the dangers of over using Glacius?<br><br><b>5.</b> Explain a time (not mentioned in lesson) when each spell would be useful?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Charms+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

Obliviate also known as the Memory charm or Forgetfulness charms is an extremely difficult charm. It is a spell that could be used to erase memories from an individual's mind. It was different from the charm that creates false memories. Memory Charms were generally intended to erase a specific memory. They were regularly used if a Muggle witnesses something related to the wizarding world; the Ministry of Magichad Obliviators remove their memories of the event, such as if a Muggle saw a dragon. If performed improperly, a Memory Charm could erase significant portions of an individual's memory and cause brain damage, with difficulty in recovery.<p>

The light emitted is green. The incantation for is oh -BLI-vee-ate</p><p>

Now you need to follow the below image for the correct wand movement. So practice this a few times before trying the spell. </p><p>

Light:<br><br><b>2.</b> Why is Obliviate a common charm used on Muggles? <br><br><b>3.</b> What spell learned over the 7 years do you find would be most useful and why? <br><br><b>4.</b> Create a Charm listing the following;<br>

Charm Name:<br>

Incantation:<br>

Wand Movement: (explain the wand movement)

<br>Light:

<br>Purpose:

<br><br><b>5.</b> Explain a time (not mentioned in lesson) when Obliviate and your created Charm would be useful?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=kimmsy2000&subject=Charms+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[DEFENSE AGAINST THE DARK ARTS]

<div class="part" id="da1"><h1>First Year Defense Against the Dark Arts</h1>Welcome everyone to Defense Against the Dark Arts! Seeing as its your first year, we are going to go a bit easier on you. Never fear, I promise you'll get a well rounded education. Today's agenda deals with Gnomes, Doxies, and three useful spells!

<p>

The first creature we are going to dicuss are gnomes. They are pests, plain and simple. They live in Northern Eurpore as well as North America, and like to inhabit Wizarding gardens. Because of this, they must be dealt with as they are a dead giveaway for any sort of wizards that live in the area. Gnomes live in burrows in the ground and tend to like to munch on worms as well as the plants they dig up. They have been known to have a fondness for Bertie Bott's Every Flavour Bean, though. They are roughly a foot tall and look similar to a potato with legs. They have abnormally large heads and quite a little body, so they can be quite comical. They have a tendancy to bite, which can be a bit painful with their razor sharp teeth. The best way to get rid of them is to grab them around their ankles, spin them around in circles, and throw them as far as you can outside the perimeter. They aren't smart creatures, so as soon as you start degnoming, they will all rush out of their burrows to see what is going on. Keep in mind, they are a bit loud and can say rather rood things.

</p><p>

Doxies are also a pest in the Wizarding World in Europe and North America. They can be known as a Biting Fairy. They look like a small fairy-like creature. They are covered in coarse black hair with two pairs of legs and arms. They also have shiny beetle-like wings and two ros of sharp venomous teeth. If you are bitten, you need the antidote immediately. Doxies lay eggs underground, with the Queen laying up to 500 at once. The eggs generally take two to three weeks to hatch. Doxies are known to infest curtains and must be removed with a good supply of Doxycide. The Knockback Jinx can also be useful with dealing with them, except the Queen who is more resistant.

</p><p>

Now for the spells.

</p><p>

Name: Knockback Jinx (Flipendo)<br>

Incantation: (fli-PEN-doh)<br>

Effect: Knocks or pushses against a target<br>

Hand Movement: Checkmark with a flourished tail on the end<br>

Wand light: Blue

</p><p>

Name: Vermillious<br>

Incantation: (vur-MILL-ee-us)<br>

Effect: Jet of red sparks that can damage someone. <br>

Hand Movement: Point at target<br>

Wand light: Red

</p><p>

Name: Periculum

Incantation: (puh-RIK-yoo-lum)<br>

Effect: Shoots red sparks from the caster's wand<br>

Hand Movement: Point at Sky<br>

Wand light: Red

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is used to dispatch Doxies?<br><br><b>2.</b> Explain how to degnome a garden.<br><br><b>3.</b> What colour will emit from your wand if Flipendo was effective?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is the incantation for Vermillious? <br><br><b>5.</b>Explain when Periculum would be useful.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=DADA+1">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#firstyear" class="nav2">Go back to the First Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="da2"><h1>Second Year Defense Against the Dark Arts</h1>Welcome to Defense Against the Dark Arts for Second Years! This year, we have two new creatures and three new spells. Nevertheless, let's get started.

<p>

Vampires are the first subject we are going to cover. Vampires are humanoids that are known to bite another person on the neck and drinking their blood. They are part of the family of beings known as the Living Dead. Vampires are known to have very pale skin with black eyes; they also of course have fangs and appear very gaunt. They tend to live in areas such as Romania, Translyvania, Great Britain, and the United States, but they can move around fairly easily. Vampires are protected from hunting under Paragraph 12 of the Guidelines for the Treatment of Non-Wizard Part-Humans. Keep in mind that when dealing with vampires, their bites are incurable. Muggles actually know most lore about Vampires, such as they cannot go out during the daylight hours. Despite their lifestyle, many vampires have become successful members of society, such as Lorcan d'Eath, who is a half-vampire, and Blodwyn Bludd who has a famous singer. When dealing with vampires who wish to feed, the theory is you can use most spells on them as you would another human. However, it is unknown if Aveda Kedavra can be used successfully on them.

</p><p>

Trolls are known as magical creatures with prodigious strength and immense stupidity. Origincally, they were found in Scandinavia, but now can be found across all of Europe. They are so incredibly dull that the Wizarding Exam Failing Grade was named after them. Trolls can reach around twelve feet tall and weigh up to a ton. They have whiskers, which has magical properties, and their feet have two toes on them. Trolls are incredibly violent and aggressive. They engage in unpredictable behavior, which makes them dangerous to fight. Trolls have a taste for humans and are known to like the meat raw, but they aren't particularly fussy about what they eat. The Troll Language is mostly grunts and pointing, but very skliled magical multi-linguists can understand them. Some Trolls can learn human words and be trained as security trolls.

</p><p>

There are different types of Trolls. Mountain trolls are the largest and most violent. They stand at twelve feet tall with grey skin, a lumpy body, and flat horned feet. They have a powerful smell. Forest Trolls have pale-green skin and straggly hair. They are native to forests and woodlands. River Trolls have hairy purple skin and short horns. They like to lurk under bridges. The Troll of Nadroj is a kind of troll with disproportionate hands. It is of note that people can be part-troll and have some troll in their heritage line.

</p><p>

Name: Banishing Charm (Depulso)<br>

Incantation: (de-PUHL-so)<br>

Effect: Moves the target away<br>

Hand Movement: Sweep of Wand<br>

Wand light: White or Red

</p><p>

Name: Melofors Jinx (Melofors)<br>

Incantation: (mel-OH-fors)<br>

Effect: Encases victim's head in pumpkin<br>

Hand Movement: Point at target<br>

Wand light: Orange

</p><p>

Name: Full Body-Bind Curse (Petrificus Totalus)<br>

Incantation: (pe-TRI-fi-cus to-TAH-lus)<br>

Effect: Temporary Paralysis<br>

Hand Movement: Make a G, but instead of turning back in toward the circle, move your wand to the right and finally down toward the floor. <br>

Wand light: White

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What protects Vampires from Hunting?<br><br><b>2.</b> What makes trolls so dangerous?<br><br><b>3.</b> What is the movement for Depulso?<br><br><b>4.</b> What colour will emit from your wand if Melofors is performed correctly?<br><br><b>5.</b> What is the effect of Petrificus Totalus?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=DADA+2">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#secondyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Second Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="da3"><h1>Third Year Defense Against the Dark Arts</h1>

Boggarts are amortal shape-shifting non-beings. They have the ability to take on the form of the viewer's worst fear. Because of this, no one actually knows what a boggart looks like when it is alone as it instantly will change into whatever you fear most. Its best to face this monster in pairs as having to constantly change can confuse it and make it indecisive as to what form it must take. This can make it become a mixed up Amalgam of the victims' fears. Please if you have a fear of spiders, do not pair you with Minister Keia, as you are guaranteed for a terrible time. Even when a boggart is not seen, it continues to exist giving evidence of that fact by rattling, shaking, or scratching at what it is hiding in. Boggarts love confined spaces, but my also lurk in woods or around shadowy corners. Boggarts have never been truly alive. They seem to be generated and sustained by human emotions. They do not have the same level of power as the being they take on, which is why it would not have a deadly scream like a true Banshee. Boggarts are known to cycle through fears if you have more than one fear that qualifies as your worst. The charm that combats a Boggart is Riddikulus. It requires a strong mind and good concentration. The intention is to force the boggart to assume a less-threatening and comical form. The information on Riddikulus can be found on the board.

<p>

Next up is Werewolves. Werewolves are creatures that are humans for the majority of their life, except during the full moon. Werewolves are inflicted with Lycanthropy, which is caused by the bite of another werewolf. As I said, they look like regular humans, for the most part. Most werewolves when they are human can appear to be aging prematurely and will have pallor and look sickly as the full moon approaches and wanes. Werewolves can be distinguished in their wolf form by they shorter snout, more human-like eyes, the tufted tail, and a mindless hunting of humans. Wolves themselves are usually not very aggressive, meanwhile a werewolf is and will go out of its way to attack a human. The transformation every month is extremely painful. During this time, the werewolf will lose all knowledge of its human sense of right or wrong, going so far as to attack friends and family. When there is no one to attack and no animals to occupy it, the werewolf will attack itself out of frustration. This leaves many with self-inflicted scares and premature aging. It is of note that if you are bitten by a werewolf when he or she is not transformed, you will simply gain some lupine tendencies, such as a fondness for rare meat. There is no cure for Lycanthropy, but the Wolfsbane Potion will allow the werewolf to retain his or her human mind, freeing himself from the worry of harming others around themselves. The problem with this is, the potion is very expensive and complicated to make. It is almost impossible for Werewolves to make or buy it because most cannot hold jobs as they are looked down upon in society. Silver will not harm a werewolf, however if you mix it with Dittany, one can use it to help with the wounds caused by a werewolf. Lycanthropy can not be passed along to children, however if two werewolves have children while they are in their animal forms, the result will be a pack of wolf cubs who grow to become very beautiful wolves and can only be distinguished by their near-human intelligence. Werewolves live a hard life, that is made harder by the lack of understanding of their affliction. It is imperative that we do our best to change how they are treated moving forward.

</p><p>

Name: Boggart-Banishing Spell (Riddikulus)<br>

Incantation: (ri-di-KULL-lis)<br>

Effect: Degrades a boggart into something funny<br>

Hand Movement: Move your want to the right, make a small bowl, continue to the right<br>

Wand light: None<br>

Note: Must think of changing what you are most afraid of into something funny

</p><p>

Name: Orbis Jinx (Orbis)<br>

Incantation: (OR-bis)<br>

Effect: Pulls the target into the ground<br>

Hand Movement: Point wand at target<br>

Wand light: Blue

</p><p>

Name: Freezing Spell (Glacius)<br>

Incantation: (GLAY-see-us)<br>

Effect: Vastly cold air that may freeze a target<br>

Hand Movement: Point wand at target<br>

Wand light: Blue

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b>What would your boggart be?<br><b>2.</b> How would you make it funny?<br><br><b>3.</b> How does one become a werewolf?<br><br><b>4.</b> What does Glacius do?<br><br><b>5.</b> What light will emit if Orbis is done correctly?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=DADA+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="da4"><h1>Fourth Year Defense Against the Dark Arts</h1>Welcome to Defense Against the Dark Arts, fourth years! This year we are quite busy with two new creatures and three new spells. Please pay attention closely as some of these creatures have a taste for humans.

<p>

Erklings are up first! Erklings are elfish creatures. They stand about three feet tall, making them quite a bit larger than the gnomes you learned about in First Year. These beings have pointed faces and very high pitch cackles which are entrancing to children. Because of this, they use their cackle to lure them away to eat them. Erklings are also known to shoot darts at unsuspecting victims. They originate from the Black Forest in Germany. One of the things that makes this creature more terrifying is that Erklings can speak human language. The good news is the German Ministry of Magic started strict control on these creatures in 1991 and since then attacks have reduced greatly in number. It is speculated that house elves are to blame for Erklings, but there is no evidence that supports that fact as of yet. A swift heavy blow will make these creatures lose their life, though, as evidenced by the last known survivor, Buno Schmidt, who used a collapsible cauldron on one Erklings.

</p><p>

The last creatures are Red Caps. Red Caps are small, dwarf-like creatures that live where blood has been shed, such as castle dungeons, hols in old battlefields, or just a hole in the ground. Red Caps get their name from the cap they wear on their head, which is dyed with the blood of their victims. They stand around three to four feet tall, have red eyes, and long, sharp nails. They are extremely territorial and will attack on site if you are entering their territory. They bludgeon their unsuspecting victim. However, Red Caps are rather easily handled. They can be disposed of with charms and hexes, or by dousing them with a Beautification Potion. Anything that turns their appearance "beautiful" will be repulsive to them and cause them to leave you alone. It is of note, they are less dangerous during their mating season as they are more likely to attack each other, rather than an invader.

</p><p>

Name: Aqua Eructo<br>

Incantation: (A-kwa ee-RUCK-toh)<br>

Effect: Conjures Water<br>

Hand Movement: Point Wand<br>

Wand light: Ice-Blue

</p><p>

Name: Finite Incatetem<br>

Incantation: (fi-NEE-tay in-can-TAH-tem)<br>

Effect: Terminates all spell effects<br>

Hand Movement: Resembles a shield with a W at the top. <br>

Wand light: Red

</p><p>

Name: Meteolojinx Recanto<br>

Incantation: (mee-tee-OH-loh-jeenks ree-KAN-toh)<br>

Effect: Causes weather effects caused by incantations to cease<br>

Hand Movement: Point Wand<br>

Wand light: None

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> How does the Red Cap get his hat colour?<br><br><b>2.</b> What is terrifying about Erklings?<br><br><b>3.</b> What colour light is emitted with Aqua Eructo is performed?<br><br><b>4.</b> What does the wand movement look like for Finite Incatetem?<br><br><b>5.</b> What does Meteolojinx Recanto do?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=DADA+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="da5"><h1>Fifth Year Defense Against the Dark Arts</h1>Welcome to Year 5 Defense Against the Dark arts! We are learning all about spells this year. Lots to cover, so let's get started. It is noted that this year we will be learning about the <a href="#greathall">Patronus Charm</a>. You must complete that license to receive credit for this course.

<p>

Name: Reductor Curse (Reducto)<br>

Incantation: (re-DUCK-toh)<br>

Effect: Destroys solid objects<br>

Hand Movement: A sideways V<br>

Wand light: Blue

</p><p>

Name: Tickling Charm (Rictusempra)<br>

Incantation: (ric-tuh-SEM-pra)<br>

Effect: Tickles and weakens<br>

Hand Movement: Looks like a feather. Move wand to the right with a slight arch, at the point, move your wand left to make the bottom of the feather, before finally making a dash up and to the right. <br>

Wand light: Silver

</p><p>

Name: Disarming Charm (Expelliarmus)<br>

Incantation: (ex-PELL-ee-ARE-muss)<br>

Effect: Disarms an opponent<br>

Hand Movement: Diagonal line down curled in on itself at the bottom.<br>

Wand light: Scarlet

</p><p>

Name: Shield Charm (Protego)<br>

Incantation: (pro-TAY-goh)<br>

Effect: Magically blocks spells & physical entities<br>

Hand Movement: Straight line down<br>

Wand light: Normally invisible. Spells bouncing off of the shield give off their own light.

</p><p>

Name: Diminuendo<br>

Incantation: (di-MIN-u-when-do)<br>

Effect: Shrinks objects<br>

Hand Movement: Point at target<br>

Wand light: White

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What does the movement look like for Reducto?<br><br><b>2.</b> What does Rictumsempra do?<br><br><b>3.</b> What light will emit from your wand if Expelliarmus is performed correctly?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is the incantation for Protego?<br><br><b>5.</b> What does Diminuendo do?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=DADA+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="da6"><h1>Sixth Year Defense Against the Dark Arts</h1>Welcome to Year Six Defense Against the Dark Arts! Today we have two dangerous creatures as well as four new spells. Three of them will not under any circusmtances be practiced. Anyone caught doing so will be expelled, following an Inquiry with the Ministry. Take that as you will.

<p>

The first creature we will discuss is the Dementor. Dementors are gliding, wraith-like dark creatures considered to be one of the foulest to inhabit the world, which is why they were chosen as guards at Azkaban. They have a humanoid shape, float around ten feet high, and are covered in dark hooded cloaks of long ripped black cloth. Their body is greyed and decayed looking, like a decomposing body and its breath sounds like it is trying to breathe all the air out of the room. The hands of the dementor are glistening, greyish, slimy-looking, and scabbed. They also are known to excuse coldness. Dementors' have empty eye sockets covered with the scabbed skin. They also have a large gaping hole where the mouth should be, which is used for taking the soul of their victim in a process called the Dementor's Kiss, which leaves the victim in a state worse than death. It leaves them an empty shell. The Dementor's Kiss literally steals the soul of the victim. They are alive but completely and irretrieveably 'gone'. They are blind, but can sense emotions which tells them if someone is near. Dementors seem to suck all the light and happiness from the air around them as their breathe. They make the victim feel the saddest they have every felt in their life along with an extreme cold. They are considered sentient due to the fact they can feel emotions, which is how they feed, and are intelligent enough to know if they obey the Ministry, they can continue to work as Bodyguards in Azkaban. They also can speak or at least communicate with wizards in some way. Forgiveness is not in their nature and they will not distinguish between those that they hunt and those that get in their way. They have no soul of their one. Muggles cannot see Dementors, but they can feel their effects. It is also of note that Dementors cannot recognize animal emotions, so being an Animagus is a bit of an advantage with them. One of the only things that can help with combating Dementors is the <a href="/~Joesln#patronusconjuring">Patronus Charm</a>. You will be licensed for that in the Great Hall, so be sure to do that before the term is over to receive credit for this course.

</p><p>

Our next creature is the Inferius, or the Inferi if they are in a group. Inferi are reanimated dead bodies that are under a Dark Wizard's spell. They are similar, but intrinsically different, from zombies. Inferi are creatures through Necromancy. They spell used to make them are incredibly complex, for good reason. Their skin is pale-white, and they look vastly different due to how people look different. However, it will look like a body is shambling toward you. Their eyes will appear misted, as if they are covered by cobwebs. Inferi are just a grisly puppet. They are gaunt, skeletal beings that closely resemble zombies. The most obvious sign of an Inferi is the eyes that were previously mentioned. Inferi have no will and no brain of its own and will not think its way out of unforeseen trouble. They are immune to bodily damage and have great physical strength. They also have surprising speed, which makes them dangerous in large groups. Inferi are usually enchanted to avoid flames by their master, as that is the only thing that can combat them. Burning is the only thing that can render the body unable to continue. They fear light and warmth, so fire is best as it produces both. Hopefully you never have to encounter these beings, but if you do, just remember fire!

</p><p>

Name: Levicorpus<br>

Incantation: (levi-COR-pus)<br>

Effect:Lifts and Suspends People <br>

Hand Movement: Upward Flick<br>

Wand light: Green

</p><p>

These spells are punishable by the Ministry of Magic to perform. They are incredibly dark and sinister. They are Unforgivable. <br>

Name: Kιlling Curse (Avada Kedavra)<br>

Incantation: (a-VAH-dah ke-DAH-vra)<br>

Effect: Death<br>

Hand Movement: The shape of Harry Potter's Scar, a lightning bolt<br>

Wand light: Green

</p><p>

Name: Cruciatus Curse (Crucio)<br>

Incantation: (KROO-see-oh)<br>

Effect: Excruciating Pain<br>

Hand Movement: Point at Target<br>

Wand light: Red or None

</p><p>

Name: Imperius Curse (Imperio)<br>

Incantation: (im-PEER-ee-oh)<br>

Effect: Total Control over the Victim<br>

Hand Movement: Point at victim<br>

Wand light: None, Rainbow or yellowish green

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Explain what dementors look like.<br><br><b>2.</b> How do Inferi come into existence?<br><br><b>3.</b> What does Levicorpus do?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is the only way to get out of an Azkaban Sentence if you perform an Unforgivable Curse? (this requires a bit of research)<br><br><b>5.</b> What does Imperio do?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=DADA+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="da7"><h1>Seventh Year Defense Against the Dark Arts</h1>Welcome to your final year for Defense Against the Dark Arts! Those of you that made it, congratulations! Hopefully I have prepared you for all that you may face in your lives. If not, maybe I've at least given you a good foundation for you to learn upon. This term we are studying two spells as well as learning about non-verbal spells.

<p>

Nonverbal spellcasting is known to be incredibly difficult. It requires a good deal of practice and concentration, as well as mental discipline. Different wand woods can affect how well you perform non-verbal magic. Dogwood users, I'm sorry, but your want will absolutely refuse to perform non-verbal magic. However, Pine, Willow, and Alder users, you will excel. Adler specifically, I might add. Some spells are actually easier to perform nonverbally surprisingly. Most are less effective when used non-verbally, however. I'd like to add that obviously concentration and intent can make things stronger, as people have been known to have lost their life as the result of a non-verbal spell. On the other hand, some that would have taken lives, instead only injured when used non-verbally.

<b>1.</b> What is your wand made from, and were you able to perform a non-verbal spell?<br><br><b>2.</b> Which wood is the worst for non-verbal spellcasting?<br><br><b>3.</b> Which wood is best?<br><br><b>4.</b> What light emits from using Sectumsempra?<br><br><b>5.</b> What does Stupefy do?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=jennifer_oneill&subject=DADA+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[DIVINATION]

<div class="part" id="di3"><h1>Third Year Divination</h1>Hello, students, and welcome to Divination! In this class you will explore the art of fortune-telling through various methods. For this first class, we are going to be studying Tessomancy. The terms "Tessomancy", "Tasseomancy" and "tassology" derive from the French word for teacup; "tasse", and the Greek suffixes, "-graph", "-logy", and "-mancy". It is the art of reading tea leaves coffee grounds, or wine sediments to predict events in the future. The first inklings of Western tasseography can be traced to medieval European fortune tellers who developed their readings from splatters of wax, lead, and other molten substances. This evolved into tea-leaf reading in the seventeenth century, a short time after Dutch merchants introduced tea to Europe via trade routes to China. Scotland, Ireland, Wales and England have produced a number of practitioners and authors on the subject, and English potteries have crafted many elaborate tea cup sets specially designed and decorated to aid in fortune-telling. Cultures of the Middle East that practice divination in this fashion usually use left-over coffee grounds from Turkish coffee/Lebanese coffee/Greek coffee turned over onto a plate. After a cup of tea has been poured, without using a tea strainer, the tea is drunk or poured away. The cup should then be shaken well and any remaining liquid drained off in the saucer. The diviner now looks at the pattern of tea leaves in the cup and allows the imagination to play around [with] the shapes suggested by them. They might look like a letter, a heart shape, or a ring. These shapes are then interpreted intuitively or by means of a fairly standard system of symbolism. These tea leaf symbols are explained in Unfogging the Future, pages five and six:<p>

Acorn - "windfall, unexpected gold<br>

Club - "an attack<br>

Cross - "trials and suffering<br>

Falcon - "a deadly enemy<br>

The Grim - "death<br>

Skull - "danger in your path<br>

Sun - "great happiness<br><br>

I have equipped you all with teacups that have been strained. I would like for you all to practice reading the leaves. Once you are finished, you may move on to the homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What substances can be read through tessomancy? (three answers)<br><br><b>2.</b> True or False: there are special teacups designed to aid in fortune-telling?<br><br><b>3.</b> Where does the term tessomancy come from?<br><br><b>4.</b> Explain the process of tessomancy (long answer).<br><br><b>5.</b> List the seven symbols mentioned on pages 5 and 6 of Unfogging the Future along with what they symbolize.<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=horses_rock_1963&subject=Divination+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="di4"><h1>Fourth Year Divination</h1>Welcome back to Divination, and congratulations on successfully passing your Tessomancy exam! We will now be moving on to Palmistry. Palmistry is the art of predicting events in the future through the study of the palm. It involves the studying and interpretation of one's palm lines. Palmistry is also known as chiromancy. Palmistry is Late Middle English from palm + -estry (of unknown origin), later altered to -istry. The older term chiromancy is from chiro- from Greek kheir 'hand' and -mancy from Old French -mancie, via late Latin -mantia from Greek manteia 'divination'. The palm of the hand has three major lines: the life line, the heart line, and the head line. The line on the palm that people are most curious is the life line. This line begins between the index finger and the thumb and continues downward toward the base of the thumb and the connection to the wrist. The heart line, also known as the love line or mensal line, gives an indication about a person's emotional state and their emotional and physical relationships with others. It can also be looked at as a predictor of the health of the heart. The head line, also known as the wisdom line (considered one of the most important lines in Chinese palmistry) reveals mental and psychological makeup and intellectual development and intuitive abilities. The palmistry minor lines, or secondary lines, can reveal an individual's talents, interests, strengths, and weaknesses. Their meanings can vary, depending on the hand shape, markings, mounts, and the other lines nearby or crossing over them. Minor lines can be very faint or may not even be apparent, which is fairly common. If they do appear on the palm, they will give the palm reader a lot more insight into the subject. The nine most common minor lines are as follows:<br><br>

Apollo (Sun) Line<br>

Bracelette (Rascette) Lines<br>

Children Lines<br>

Fate Line<br>

Girdle of Venus<br>

Health Line<br>

Intuition Line<br>

Relationship Line<br>

Simian Line<br>

Ring of Solomon (Jupiter)<br>

Ring of Saturn<br>

Ring of Apollo<br><br>

I would like for everyone to partner up and read each other's palms! Make sure to take notes, and ask me if you have any questions. Once you have completed the reading, please move on to your homework.

<center><img src="http://i.imgur.com/MXiWaue.jpg"></center>

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is palmistry?<br><br><b>2.</b> What is another name for palmistry?<br><br><b>3.</b> What are the three major lines of the palm?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is the location of the life line?.<br><br><b>5.</b> What are the nine common minor lines?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=horses_rock_1963&subject=Divination+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="di5"><h1>Fifth Year Divination</h1>Welcome back once again to Divination! In this class we are going to begin introducing you to Tarot cards. Tarot cards are used in the art of Divination, specifically the field of Cartomancy. The most common use of tarot is for divination, but another important use is a tool of self-reflection. <p>

Cartomancy is a way to access a higher quality of insight. Tarot is filled with imagery and ideas about opposites. Many cards traditionally have a black pillar on one side and a white pillar on the other. This can be interpreted in many ways, but one common idea is that we are being invited to walk a middle path between two extremes. A Tarot deck is made up of two parts, the Major Arcana and the Minor Arcana. Arcana is latin for "secrets." </p><p>

The Major Arcana are twenty-two cards with individual, unique names. They are numbered 0-21. The Minor Arcana are comprised of fifty-six cards that are divided into four suits (Wands, Cups, Swords, and Pentacles). Each suit contains one Ace through Ten, plus a Page, Knight, Queen, and King. The person who is asking the question in the reading is known as the Querent. The person who is interpreting the cards is known as the Reader. </p><p>

The various methods of laying out the cards in a reading are known as spreads. Before starting a reading, make sure you are calm. This can also be known as centering, or grounding. Distraction or ill emotion makes reading the cards more difficult. With explanations out of the way, partner up, start shuffling your decks, and get to fortune-telling!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Cartomancy is a way to access what?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are the two parts of a tarot deck?<br><br><b>3.</b> What does "Arcana" mean?<br><br><b>4.</b> How many cards make up a tarot deck? How many are Major Arcana? How many are Minor Arcana?<br><br><b>5.</b> What should you do before beginning a reading?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=horses_rock_1963&subject=Divination+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="di6"><h1>Sixth Year Divination</h1>Welcome back to Cartomancy! I am pleased that you all found the subject so intriguing that you chose to continue with your studies. This class will focus on the more advanced aspects of Cartomancy. We will begin by discussing the Major Arcana more in-depth. If you remember from Intro to Cartomancy, the majors make up about 1/3 of a tarot deck. When examining a spread, first you should see if your spread is made up of approximately 1/3 majors, or more or less. It doesn't matter which majors are present at this point. Major cards represent influences outside of the Querent's sphere of control, so if there are more majors than you would expect, the Querent is facing not only the apparent aspect of this situation but a deeper life lesson. On the other hand, if there are fewer majors than expected, the answer is within the Querent's grasp.<p>

Up next are the suits of the Minor Arcana. The suits represent the classic elements: Wands=Fire, Cups=Water, Swords=Air, and Pentacles=Earth. Fire is associated with passion, drive, and will. Water is associated with emotions, dreaminess, and the soul. Air is connected to ideas of communication, understanding, and truth. Earth is the practical aspects of the physical world. Knowing that each suit is approximately 1/5 of the deck, calculate if there are any extreme percentages of any suits. This will tell you the nature of the energy present. The absence of a suit is noteworthy, too. It is also important to note that water and earth are passive energy, while air and fire are active energy. A reading with many cups and pentacles will be slower moving than one with wands and swords. </p><p>

Just as elements have specific characteristic energy, so do numbers. The minor arcana cards are numbered Ace (one) through Ten. If you have multiples of any number, the following energy is playing a role in the reading:</p><p>

Aces: Beginnings, opportunities, gifts<br>

Twos: Decisions, choices, partnership<br>

Threes: Active energy, creativity, growth, teamwork<br>

Fours: Stability, structure, stagnation<br>

Fives: Conflict, loss, chaos<br>

Sixes: Communication, problem solving, unequal relationships<br>

Sevens: Reflection and assessment<br>

Eights: Power, speed, movement<br>

Nines: Completion, Solitude<br>

Tens: Endings and Resolution</p><p>

The best way to get better at divining with Tarot cards is to practice, so grab your decks and get started!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What do the Major Arcana represent in a reading?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are the four suits of the Minor Arcana and what element does each represent?<br><br><b>3.</b> What associations are given for each of the elements? <br><br><b>4.</b> If you have a spread that is made up of entirely Threes and Sevens, what would you infer about the energy present? <br><br><b>5.</b> If you are doing a Reading with a spread that consists of 10 cards, and 5 of these cards are Majors, what would you infer about the situation?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=horses_rock_1963&subject=Divination+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="di7"><h1>Seventh Year Divination</h1>Welcome to Divination! This is bittersweet, as it is the last class I will be teaching you all! After this, you will all be master fortune-tellers (hopefully). The last thing we are going to study is Scrying. Particularly, Scrying with the use of a Crystal Sphere.

The idea behind a perfectly spherical crystal is that it gives off energy equally in all directions. If you're planning on doing a séance then you should place the crystal ball in the center of the table. The specific instructions can vary as the method has changed throughout the years. When it comes to crystal gazing, the material choice has different effects. If you do intend to use your crystal for Scrying, the best choice would be a clear material, such as Quartz. <p>

When you begin scrying, you must first prepare the crystal, the room, and yourself. We will be using the crystals as a form of energy, so we will need to charge them before we can use them to channel the energy for our intended function. In order to avoid the energy being drained, keep the crystals in direct sunlight when they are not in use. </p><p>

There are various methods for charging your Crystal Sphere for Scrying. Some prefer to bury their crystal in the Earth to allow it to soak up the Earth's natural energy. Others will leave them in the light of a full moon for cosmic energy. Of course, there are simpler methods, such as passing your crystal through smoke or incense or rubbing it with holy water. </p><p>

The most important aspect of crystal scrying is the set and setting, which refers to your own state of mind and the environment that you're in. You need to be level-headed. It can be a good idea to meditate before scrying. Before starting your gazing, hold the crystal. This way you charge it with your energy, establishing a connection to it. Once you're ready, focus on the crystal ball. Simply begin staring at it, using some techniques similar to meditation such as focused deep breathing. As your mind begins to focus on the crystal and your conscious mind dissipates, you should behind to see a mist form. You want to stare into this mist. Try to blink as little as possible but don't force your eyes to stay open beyond what is comfortable. It shouldn't take long before you start to see symbols, energy (in the form of different colors and shapes) or even images or entire scenarios. Just remember: learning how to read a crystal ball takes patience and lots of practice. If you don't see anything the first, second or even third time, don't give up. View your energy like rolling a snowball down a snowy hill. At first, it might be a little slow and difficult to see. As the momentum builds up, the snowball gets bigger and full of energy as it collects more snow. </p><p>

This is the most difficult form of scrying we have learned thus far, so I do not expect you all to pick it up right away! I do, however, expect you to direct all your effort and attention to the task at hand. Now, let's move on to your last homework assignment.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Why are crystals used in scrying perfect spheres?<br><br><b>2.</b> What is the best material to use for crystal sphere scrying?<br><br><b>3.</b> Name two methods mentioned in class to charge the crystal.<br><br><b>4.</b> What are some of the things you should do before beginning scrying? (at least 3)<br><br><b>5.</b> What kinds of things might you see in the mist?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=horses_rock_1963&subject=Divination+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[HERBOLOGY]

<div class="part" id="he1"><h1>First Year Herbology</h1>Welcome to Herbology, first years! Today we will be quite busy, so I hope you've brought your gloves. I have four wonderful plants for you to learn about as well as a spell.

<p>

The first plant we will learn about today is the Puffapod. I have them in a few planters off to the side there. They are the ones that are quite big and pink. These egg like pods can be quite a handful. They are incredibly easy to grow. Once the pod has been broken, the seeds are inside. If they hit dirt, they sprout fairly fast. And by that I mean almost instantly. You don't have to fuss over them, as they are easy to grow and need little care. They are non-sentient, so you need not worry about hurting their feelings. However, I must ask they you do be very careful. Many people can be allergic to them. On a side note, trolls are highly allergic to them.

</p><p>

The second plant beside those is the Bouncing Bulb. These rambunctious plants can be quite troubling. They are sentient to a degree. They will jump and attack you if they feel threatened. Keep in mind, the ones we have today are babies and won't hurt you too bad if they happen to bounce at you. However, they can grow to be as large as doors! The purple bulb is the part we use in potions. However, be sure not to hurt the leaves sprouting at the top. We don't want to disturb them at the moment. The trick with these plants is to be as non-threathening as possible. If one comes at you that you cannot handle, simply use the knockback jinx and get it stuffed back into a pot.

</p><p>

The next plant, I have a shield around as its more of a discussion than anything. Behind me, you can see a stout bush with big yellow thorns sticking out, yes? That is called a Spiky Bush, I didn't name it, for the record. These bushes can be quite a pain as well. They are semi-sentient and will attack when they are attacked. It attacks by shooting its thorns out, and no it really doesn't care who it hits. Its a hearty plant, so it tends to grow everywhere. It is known as a pest, so its best to get rid of it as soon as possible. Incendio can do the trick nicely, especially since you don't want to be close to it when you do. For the most part, other than getting rid of them, these plants need little to no tending.

</p><p>

Finally, the last thing on the agenda today is the Severing Charm. You may or may not learn about this in another class, but for now, I think its important for you to know so you can tend to the plants we have discussed today. The Severing Charm, also known as Diffindo, is used to precisely and accurately cut things, this could be used to cut plants, cloth, you name it. It is useful when dealing with plants that are dangerous as a quick Diffindo can strike the plant down in less than a second. The charm is cast by enunciating (deef-IN-doe) and moving your wand in a V shape and then adding a small downward tail at the end. If its performed correctly you should see a light green or hot pink light. Yes it can vary, but both are correct.

</p><p>

Now, with all that information, let's take to the Puffapods. Anyone seen taking seeds out of the greenhouse will lose their house points, so be mindful of what you are doing.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is the only non-sentient plant we discussed today?<br><br><b>2.</b> What light will emit if the Severing Charm is performed correctly?<br><br><b>3.</b> What must you do if a Bouncing Bulb is attempting to attack you?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is the best way to get rid of a Spiky Bush?<br><br><b>5.</b> What must you be mindful of with each plant?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Herbology+1">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#firstyear" class="nav2">Go back to the First Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="he2"><h1>Second Year Herbology</h1>Welcome back, everyone! For your Second Years in Herbology, we have a few less plants and a bit more danger. Ah, I'm just kidding. But seriously, two of them can turn your lights out, so to speak.

<p>

Today we will be learning about the Mandrake and the Leaping Toadstools And of course, a new spell as well. So, let's get started shall we?

</p><p>

Mandrakes are curious little plants. They have a thick bit of "hair", what we refer to as leaves. But for safety reasons, I want everyone to put their earmuffs on. Nice and tight now. The mandrake's Cry is fatal to anyone that hears it. However, the ones we have today might just knock you unconscious for a few hours. Now, we are going to look at them as we talk. So grab the leaves right at the base and give a nice tug. Now don't be startled! It should look something like a little dirty, potato baby. Now, place it in the bigger pot and cover with soil. Everyone good? Give it a bit of water and once everyone is good, we can take off the muffs. Alright. Now, mandrakes, as I'm sure you noticed, look kind of like well, humans. They actually behave similar to them as well. They will reach a point where they get secretive and moody, which shoos adolescence. Then they will throw parties and have acne, which shows them reaching the teenager range. Finally, when they are fully matures, they will actually start moving themselves into each other's pots.

</p><p>

Now, fully grown mandrakes are used in a variety of potions, so it is imperative that we keep them free from pests. Dugbog's actually love Mandrakes, which can be quite a mess for us once we are done. We must also keep Slug Repellant around as Flesh-eating Slugs are known to favor them as well.

</p><p>

Moving on to our second plant, we have Leaping Toadstools. These plants are presumed to be sentient. Now, they get their name for the fact that they leap around, but unlike the Bouncing Bulb from last year. They do not try to attack you, rather they try to hop away. These plants, like most toadstools and other fungi, prefer to live in darker and damper areas. They also do not produce seeds like other plants. Rather they produce spores. When attempting to grow more, you must ensure that you have the right supplies. So, gather up a roasting pan, a large leaping toadstool, a straw, a seed heating pad, and a soft, moist cloth. Sterilize the straw and then place it in the roasting pan in a cool dark place. Then take the large toadstool and set it on the seed heating mat to 70°F (21°C) for about three weeks or so. Now, obviously, we will have to revisit these later, but I have some set aside for everyone to look at. Once the three weeks is up, the heat is removed, but it should be kept between 55°F (12°C) and 60°F (15°C). You should have little mushrooms, and you will know they are ready when they are bouncing around.

</p><p>

The spell we are learning about today is simply an upgrade of Inendio. It will create flames of a greater intensity. Incendio Duo using the same baseline everything, except for the incantation. It is (in-SEN-dee-oh DOO-oh). You must be careful as the flames will be bigger and hotter. The wand movement is the same, a cute little flame with the tip of your wand. You'll know its correct when the light that comes out of your wand is green.

</p><p>

Now, there are a few more mandrakes that need to be repotted. So hop to it!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What can happen if you hear a mandrake cry?<br><br><b>2.</b> What is the incantation for the spell we learned today?<br><br><b>3.</b> Explain the Mandrake Growing Cycle in at least three sentences.<br><br><b>4.</b> Explain the process of growing Leaping Toadstools.<br><br><b>5.</b> What is the correct temperature for the heating pad during the cultivation of Leaping Toadstools? <br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Herbology+2">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#secondyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Second Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="he3"><h1>Third Year Herbology</h1>Ah, yet another year! We will be in Greenhouse three this year, students. Hurry in, hurry in. We have lots to cover and not a lot of time to cover it!

<p>

Today I have three new plants for you. Mimbulus Mimbletonia, Venomous Tentacula, and Fluxwede. Keep in mind that some of them aren't the nicest, but they all have their uses for us.

</p><p>

Now, first off we have the Mumbulus Mimbletonia. We only have one as they are fairly rare, so gather round if you will. You'll notice that it is a rather small grey looking cactus that looks like it has a bad cause of acne. This is good! It is exactly what we want to see with this type of plant. It is native to Assyria, and currently on the brink of extinction. We are working to help bring it back, but its been a bit of a trek. It prefers arid environments where it is free from being prodded. That being said, the plant is semi-sentient. It has been known to make an odd crooning noise when stroked. However, it can spew Stinksap upon contact if it feels threatened. The odour of the green liquid is rather vile, so try not to upset it. If you get it on you, it takes at least ninety minutes of scrubbing to remove the stench.

</p><p>

The second plant we are discussing can be seen by the -blocked- Do be careful and wear your dragonhide glove before even nearing them. The Venomous Tentacula is a green, spiky, toothsome plant with vines that will reach out and attempt to grab you. The Tentacula can expel venom from its shoots and the spikes are quite deadly. Its bite is also highly venomous and can be fatal. By all means, do as you must to cope if it grabs you, but remember the Severing Charm we have learned if you or another student is grabbed. The severing charm will stun and sever arms, so it is rather useful.

</p><p>

The Tentacula is a giant eyeless head with fangs, so be mindful that the leaves are hiding it. The vines that surround it act as arms and can also have small heads at the end of them, so always be aware. Some forms of the plant can also fire spiky spore-like spheres from their mouths at targets. Tentaculas can grow just about anywhere and can thrive in a pot. They eat Chizpurfles, spitting out what remains once its eaten. You must draw the Chizpurfles to the Tentaula using Lumos, but you must be sure that the Chizpurfle does not eat your wands magic.

</p><p>

The Tentacula is thought to be at least semi-sentient. Whether it feels anything is unknown, however, it has been alluded to the fact that it could show delight, especially being used as a weapon. The seeds are a Class C non-tradeable substance.

</p><p>

Fluxwede is the plant I'm more just going to briefly mention. Its native to the Eastern United States and is a threatened species as well. It is a member of the mustard family and is known for its healing properties. It can be used to make healing potions as well as the Polyjuice Potion. However, if you intend to use it for that potion, it must be picked at the full moon.

</p><p>

Now, today we will be collecting some fluxwede for a potion that is being developed. Be careful to flip only the top of the plants, this will allow our stock to grow and bloom again. Well, hop to it!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What substance is emitted from the Mimbulus Mimbletonia?<br><br><b>2.</b> Describe the vines of the Venomous Tentacula.<br><br><b>3.</b> Where is the Mimbulus Mimbletonia found?<br><br><b>4.</b> Explain the best time to pick Fluxwede and what is it best known for?<br><br><b>5.</b> Explain how to feed the Tentacula.<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Herbology+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="he4"><h1>Fourth Year Herbology</h1>Welcome fourth years! Today we have a rather quick lesson... The Devil's Snare needs to be tended to in Greenhouse five... That being said, today we are learning a rather useful spell, Herbivicus. We will also discuss Gillywede and Bubotubers! Now, let's dive right in.

<p>

Gillywede is a magical plant that is native to the Mediterranean Sea. It grows in the shallow waters where it can still receive enough sunshine for its numerous leaves. You may be wondering why this plant is so useful to us. Well, eating Gillywede gives us the ability to grow gills and webbing between our fingers and toes. This can make swimming a lot easier as you can imagine. However, eating the plant is rather unpleasant. It feels slimy and rubbery and almost like ocotopus tentacles. The plant itself resembles a bundle of grey-green rat tails. There is a bit of a debate how long the effects last in fresh or salt water, but it is well known that in fresh water it tends to last around an hour.

</p><p>

Bubotubers are rather unpleasant. So I am terribly sorry if you're squeamish, but they are rather useful. The best part, these plants are non-sentient, which should make you feel better about what you must do. Now, the plant in the pot in front of you may look pretty similar to a black slug. It will squirm, so don't worry. However, if you look closer, you'll see the surface is covered in shiny protrusions. These boils are what we are after with this plant. They are squeezed for the Bubotuber Pus that resides inside. Keep in mind that the pus is thick, yellowish-green and has an odour a bit like petrol. These plants are native to Scotland; we actually have a few in the Forbidden Forest! They are fairly easy to grow, but the real trouble comes with harvesting the pus. Be sure to use your dragonhide gloves! The Pus is used in a treatment for severe acne, but if it gets on you without being diluted first, it can actually cause boils and pustiles to appear on your skin. Now, be careful as you each gather a vial.

</p><p>

The spell we are learning about today is Herbivicus. Herbivicus is a charm used to rapidly increase the growth rate of plants and causes flowers to bloom. When the spell is cast, a brilliant green light will shoot from your wand, then a crakcling ball of emerald-green energy appears at the tip of your wand and also around the plant. The incantation is (her-BIV-i-cuss). The hand movement is similar to the appearance of a succulent. you must move your wand to the right in a motion that makes three pointed leaves. This spell must be performed responsibility. We don't want the wrong plants growing too large.

</p><p>

Now, we have some knotgrass in the back for you to practice on. I'll be back in five minutes to see your progress.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Where do you find Gillywede?<br><br><b>2.</b> What does a Bubotuber look like?<br><br><b>3.</b> What is the incantation for Herbivicus?<br><br><b>4.</b> What can happen when undiulted Bubotuber pus gets on your skin?<br><br><b>5.</b> What is the current debate surrounding Gillywede and what is known about it so far?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Herbology+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="he5"><h1>Fifth Year Herbology</h1>Welcome, welcome! Today we will be discussing three plants: The Shrivelfig and Devil's Snare I'll leave the most dangerous for last as we have more to learn about that one than the others.

<p>

The Shrivelfig is a magical plant that can be founnd primarily in Abyssinia. These plants can literally grow anywhere. They have very aggressive roots that allow them to survive in any environment, including several feet of snow. These plants grow a few feet tall. They are deciduous plants, so they lose their leaves in the fall and will be leafless during the winter. These plants have green leaves which have medicinal properties. However, the true star of the Shrivelfig is the fruit of the plant. It is purple in nature and holds flowers inside the fruit as well as a purple liquid that is used in potions such as the Shrinking Potion. The fruit itself can be skinned. Its best to wear gloves, least your fingers will be purple from touching the liquid.

</p><p>

Devil's Snare, which is located in the shed in the back, is a rather dangerous plant. It has the ability to constrict anything in its surrounding environment or anything that touches it. That being said, after a few weeks, we will be pruning it as needed. Today is strictly learning about the plant. It finds its home in Scotland, lucky us. It prefers dark, damp environments; it will actually stop moving and recoil away from light and heat. It resembles a mass of soft, spring tendrils and vines, similar to the Flitterbloom. It does possess a sense of touch, so keep that in mind when you are working with it. A well place bluebell flames or lumos can be very helpful with this plant. The main thing to keep in mind when dealing with the Devil's Snare is it will grip their victim tighter and faster. So you must relax and keep calm, which is easier said than done.

</p><p>

Now with all that being said, I need the Shrivelfigs pruned. Pick a few for your Potions lessons as well.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Where can Shrivelfig be found?<br><br><b>2.</b> What kind of environment does Devil's Snare like to live?<br><br><b>3.</b> Explain the fruit of the Shrivelfig.<br><br><b>4.</b> Why must you wear gloves when dealing with the Shrivelfig?<br><br><b>5.</b> Explain how you could combat Devil's Snare.<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Herbology+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="he6"><h1>Sixth Year Herbology</h1>Today's lesson will be a bit short as I have several meetings to attend to. I apologize for that now, but for the most part, this term will be able continuing our education that we have already learned while learning about a few more dangerous plants. Today we will discuss self-fertilizing shrubs, Fanged Geraniums, and Screechsnaps.

<p>

We will begin with Screechsnaps. They are semi-sentient plants that have the ability to feel both pain and pleasure. They will squirm and squeak with different tones to convey how they feel. These plants can be grown in flowerbeds or in pots. They are leafy plants with beautiful flowers. They grow best with dragon dung and plenty of water. However, if either is too much they will squeak, or perhaps even speak to tell you how they feel.

</p><p>

Fanged Geraniums are another form of sentient plants. They are known to bite or attack if they are not taken care of. The plant is rather easy to care for, as long as you remember to water it and don't mind a nibble now and then. These plants, like the Screechsnaps can be grown in pots or flowerbeds. They have teeth, which are useful in potions and cooking. These plants can grow quite large, so its best to keep yourself on their good side. When harvesting these teeth, its best to do it once the plant has been plucked. Doing before is akin to declawing a cat, which is rather rude. The plant itself has green leaves and a rather pretty red flower in the middle, which is where the fangs reside.

</p><p>

Self-Fertilizing Shrubs are another theory only plant. I had to get rid of the last one I had after a nasty incident with a rat... These plants have the ability to produce their own fertilizer. When handling any of these plants, its best to always wear gloves. They prefer humans, but will eat whatever wanders by. It requires regular water and lots of fresh meat to eat. Since it fertilizes itself, it requires little actual care. Its best not to have more than three of these plants near each other, as they will fight each other. They tend to live in the back of caves, so most won't happen across them during a stroll. They prefer dark, damp areas and will thrive well there.

</p><p>

Now, with all of that being said. We have some need for the fangs of the Geraniums. I want you to use a spell I've taught you, make them mature, and then harvest the plants and the fangs. Leave the plants in the vases on the table at the front when you're done.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is the unsafe number for self-fertilizing shrubs?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are the fangs from Fanged Gernamiums used for?<br><br><b>3.</b> What do Screechsnaps love to have in order to grow?<br><br><b>4.</b> When is it best to pluck the fangs of a Fanged Gernamium?<br><br><b>5.</b> What spell did you use to grow the Fanged Gernamiums?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Herbology+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="he7"><h1>Seventh Year Herbology</h1>Ah, the last beginning. Its a bit sad isn't it? To think this is your last first Herbology lesson of the year? No? Well, I think it is. Today, we will be finishing our education of plants with one more dangerous plant along with one that can help if you get attacked. This year will be review as you get ready for your NEWTs. I hope everything I've taught you will help to prepare you for your future. Now, let's get started.

<p>

Dittany is the first plant. It tends to grow best with plenty of sunshine. The plant does best being planted in the spring and will grow throughout the summer. It also prefers dry, warm, well-drained soil. Once its established, it has little need for water. Dittany is used as a powerful healing herb and restorative. It makes fresh skin grow over a wound after application, even if the wound is multiple days old. When using Dittany, greenish-smoke may appear, but it will stop bleeding and new skin will appear over the wound. It can also be consumed to heal shallow to moderate wounds. We can actually use Dittany and Silver together to help with werewolf bites. While it won't stop the affects of becoming a werewolf, it can keep the victim alive and surivive the gruesome attack. It is also notable to mention that it does release flammable vapors and heal Doxy bites. Dittany can be quite rare to obtain, but luckily a little goes a long way. It will be a brown liquid despite the fact that the plant has rather green leaves. Dittany stalk can also be used in a wand core, which is the only known wand core from a plant.

</p><p>

Snargaluff Pods are non-sentient plants that look like a gnarled old stump. Its leaves are more thorns and vines. The stump part of the plant hides the dangerous thorn-covered vines that can and will attack when provoked. It is usually best handled by more than one person. You may be asking why you need to get inside the plant. In the middle of the thorns sits green pulsating pods that are the size of grpaefruits. Inside these pods are pale green tubers. The tubers are used in potions as well as cooking.

</p><p>

Now, the house elves need some tubers for dinner tonight, so get to work. Best to work in threes since its your first time with the plants.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What do you mix with Dittany to help with Werewolf bites?<br><br><b>2.</b> What must you be aware of with Dittany's Vapours when using it?<br><br><b>3.</b> What does a Snargaluff Pod look like?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is inside a Snargaluff's vines?<br><br><b>5.</b> How do you harvest a Snargaluff pod?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Herbology+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

This year, we will be studying the history of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a place so complex that even the greatest of wizards have yet to discover every own of its secrets.<br><br>

Hogwarts was established around the 10th century (near 990 A.D. to be precise) in the Highlands of Scotland. Two witches and two wizards came together to found the school - Godric Gryffindor, Helga Hufflepuff, Rowena Ravenclaw, and Salazar Slytherin. Each of the four founders left their mark on the school. Gryffindor was responsible for the idea to have each of the founders enchant his hat to sort students into houses long after the founders were gone. This hat became known as the Sorting Hat. Hufflepuff had a gift for food-related charms. Her recipes are still used in many Hogwarts feasts. She was also responsible for arranging to have house elves working in the kitchen to give them somewhere safe to work. Ravenclaw was responsible for the moving staircases at Hogwarts, and it is a popular theory that she also chose the name and location of the school. Slytherin attempted to only allow pure-bloods into the school, and when that failed, he constructed the Chamber of Secrets to purge the school of those he believed to be impure.<br><br>

The exact location of Hogwarts is unknown due to it being unplottable, which deliberately conceals it from the outside world. If a Muggle were to come across the school, they would only see an abandoned castle with signs warning them of danger. The grounds surrounding the castle are full of history. The Forbidden Forest is perhaps the most notable area of the grounds. Many creatures inhabit the forest, some dangerous and others friendly. Notable creatures found there include Unicorns, Thestrals, Hippogriffs, and Centaurs. Rubeus Hagrid, the gamekeeper, is responsible for overseeing matters in the forest. Many historical events took place in the Forbidden Forest, such as Harry and Ron meeting Aragog, Harry and Hermione rescuing Buckbeak, the skirmish between Dolores Umbridge and the Centaurs, and Harry's sacrifice to defeat Lord Voldemort.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Which founder was responsible for the creation of the Sorting Hat?<br><br><b>2.</b> Which founder is theorized to have chosen the name and location of Hogwarts?<br><br><b>3.</b> Why can't we pinpoint the exact location of Hogwarts?<br><br><b>4.</b> Which creature would you most want to encounter in the Forbidden Forest and why?<br><br><b>5.</b> If you were visiting Hogwarts for the first time, what would you want to see first and why?

<br><br><br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=HOM+1">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#firstyear" class="nav2">Go back to the First Year classes</a></center></div>

This year, we will be studying the history of the Ministry of Magic as well as some of the most notable magical laws. <br><br>

The Ministry of Magic was founded in 1707, and the headquarters are located underground, in the heart of London. One of the primary functions of the Ministry of Magic is to enforce the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy, which was established in 1692 to protect the wizarding world from Muggles and hide the existence of magic. <br><br>

In 1717, the Ministry of Magic decided that three curses would be known as the Unforgivable Curses - Imperius, Cruciatus, and Avada Kedavra. Using any one of them would bring strict punishment. The punishment for their use became a life sentence in Azkaban by the 1990's.<br><br>

In 1875, the Decree for the Reasonable Restriction of Underage Sorcery was written. The decree prohibits the use of underage magic (any magic performed by someone under 17 years old) outside of school. There are a few exceptions where breaking the decree is acceptable. Underage witches and wizards are permitted to use magic in a life-threatening situation, even outside of school. Children who are too young to attend school or do not possess a wand are usually exempt from the decree since they typically lack the ability to control their magic. This decree is enforced whenever underage witches and wizards perform magic in front of Muggles as this violates the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is the purpose of the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are the Unforgivable Curses, and what is the punishment for using any one of them?<br><br><b>3.</b> What is the purpose of the Decree for the Reasonable Restriction of Underage Sorcery?<br><br><b>4.</b> Describe a scenario in which it is acceptable to break the Decree for the Reasonable Restriction of Underage Sorcery.

<a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=HOM+2">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#secondyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Second Year classes</a></center></div>

This year, we will begin our study of famous witches and wizards from each of the four Hogwarts houses. We will start with famous Gryffindors throughout magical history.<br><br>

Perhaps the most famous wizard of all-time, <b>Harry Potter</b>, was a Gryffindor. Harry is known for defeating Lord Voldemort twice, first as an infant and second years later at the Battle of Hogwarts. During his time at Hogwarts, Harry became the youngest Seeker on the Gryffindor Quidditch team, leader of Dumbledore's Army, and a member of the Slug Club.<br><br>

Harry Potter's two best friends, <b>Ron Weasley</b> and <b>Hermione Granger</b>, were also both Gryffindors. Both were instrumental in helping Harry defeat Lord Voldemort for the second time. At Hogwarts, Ron became a Prefect and Keeper on the Gryffindor Quidditch team. Hermione became a Prefect, founded S.P.E.W., and became a member of the Slug Club.<br><br>

Before the famous trio attended Hogwarts, <b>Albus Dumbledore</b> was a student in Gryffindor. Albus was appointed Prefect and then Head Boy during his time at Hogwarts. Success followed him after graduation, and he received several awards, including a prize for exceptional spell-casting and Order of Merlin (First Class). He went on to hold prestigious positions, such as Transfiguration Professor, Chief Warlock of the Wizengamot, founder of the Order of the Phoenix, and Headmaster of Hogwarts.<br><br>

Following Dumbledore's time, <b>Minerva McGonagall</b> also went to Hogwarts as a Gryffindor. Similar to Dumbledore, Minerva became Prefect and then Head Girl while she was at school. She excelled at Transfiguration and even received an award for it during her 7th year Later, she became the Transfiguration Professor, Head of Gryffindor, and Deputy Headmistress of Hogwarts. She was given the Order of Merlin (First Class) for her leadership during the Battle of Hogwarts.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Name 3 witches or wizards who were Gryffindor Prefects.<br><br><b>2.</b> What organization did Hermione Granger found?<br><br><b>3.</b> What subject did Albus Dumbledore teach at Hogwarts before becoming Headmaster?<br><br><b>4.</b> Why did Minerva McGonagall receive the Order of Merlin (First Class)?<br><br><b>5.</b> Which famous Gryffindor that we learned about today is your favorite and why?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=HOM+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

This year, we will continue our study of famous witches and wizards from each of the four Hogwarts houses by discussing famous Hufflepuffs throughout magical history.<br><br>

Our look at famous Hufflepuffs begins with Newton Artemis Fido Scamander, better known as <b>Newt Scamander</b>. Newt developed a love of creatures at a young age, likely due to his mother being a Hippogriff breeder. During his time at Hogwarts, he was sentenced to expulsion for having an illegal magical creature and endangering others. Dumbledore fought for him, but it is unknown whether the expulsion was enforced. Over time, Newt developed his ability to bond and communicate with various creatures. This unique ability led to him becoming a famous Magizoologist and author of <i>Fantastic Beasts and Where To Find Them</i>, a book that is still used at Hogwarts today. He was honored for his contributions to the field of Magizoology with the Order of Merlin (Second Class) and a Chocolate Frog Card named after him.<br><br>

Nymphadora Tonks, better known as <b>Tonks</b>, became a Hufflepuff student long after Newt's time at the school. Tonks was a Metamorphmagus, someone with the ability to change their appearance at will rather than needing Polyjuice Potion or a charm. She often used this extremely rare ability to entertain others. She was never appointed Prefect, because she was known to misbehave. Despite this, she was an excellent student and received high enough marks to pursue a career as an Auror. She was adept at casting non-verbal spells, including being able to cast a Patronus Charm without a word, something that is very difficult to do. Besides being an Auror, Tonks was a member of The Order of the Phoenix and the wife of Remus Lupin.<br><br><b>Cedric Diggory</b>, our final famous Hufflepuff, attended Hogwarts at the same time as Harry Potter. Cedric was a well-liked student, and he was appointed Prefect and Quidditch Captain (he played as a Seeker). During his sixth year of school, he entered for a chance to participate Triwizard Tournament and was chosen as a Champion along with Harry Potter. Sadly, Cedric met an untimely end at the hand of Peter Pettigrew during the final task of the tournament.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What book did Newt Scamander write?<br><br><b>2.</b> What extremely rare ability did Tonks possess?<br><br><b>3.</b> What career did Tonks choose for herself?<br><br><b>4.</b> What positions did Cedric Diggory hold during his time at Hogwarts?<br><br><b>5.</b> Which famous Hufflepuff that we learned about today is your favorite and why?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=HOM+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

This year, we will continue our study of famous witches and wizards from each of the four Hogwarts houses by discussing famous Ravenclaws throughout magical history.<br><br>

It shouldn't come as a surprise that Ravenclaws are responsible for many creations in the wizarding world. Ignatia Wildsmith, who attended Hogwarts in the 1200s, invented Floo Powder. Laverne de Montmorency, who attended Hogwarts in the 1800s, invented many Love Potions. Perpetua Fancourt, inventor of the Lunascope, attended Hogwarts in the early 1900s. Garrick Ollivander, the famous wandmaker and owner of Ollivanders in Diagon Alley, was a Ravenclaw during his time at Hogwarts.<br><br>

After the creators named above, <b>Myrtle Warren</b> was a Ravenclaw student. Myrtle was a Muggle-born witch, and she was the target of many bullies due to her inability to make friends and her awkward appearance. On June 13, 1943, after being teased, Myrtle ran sobbing into the restroom. Sadly, her life ended in that bathroom after Tom Riddle set a Basilisk on her. She still inhabits the bathroom as a ghost, and she is known to most as <b>Moaning Myrtle</b>.<br><br>

Over 30 years later, <b>Gilderoy Lockhart</b> attended Hogwarts and was sorted into Ravenclaw. Gilderoy was quite intelligent and possessed a high degree of knowledge of complex spells, something he used to deceive the wizarding world into thinking he was a grand adventurer. He authored multiple books describing feats he claimed responsibility for, and he even received an Order of Merlin (Third Class) for his alleged achievements. It was later discovered that he described heroic acts done by others and used Memory Charms on them so they would have no knowledge of what they'd done. Perhaps he had it coming, but Gilderoy himself fell victim to one of his own backfired Memory Charms during Harry Potter's second year. He has been a permanent resident of St. Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries ever since.<br><br>

Last but not least, <b>Luna Lovegood</b> was perhaps the quirkiest Ravenclaw student. Some referred to her as Loony Lovegood, a nickname that her friends did not use. She was known to be unafraid to show her true self, intelligent, and dreamy. During her fourth year, Luna joined Dumbledore's Army to learn proper Defense Against the Dark Arts from Harry Potter. She fought alongside Harry, Hermione, and Ron during the Battle of the Department of Mysteries, Battle of the Astronomy Tower, and Battle of Hogwarts. She became close friends with the famous trio along with Ginny Weasley and Neville Longbottom.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Who invented Floo Powder?<br><br><b>2.</b> What happened on June 13, 1943?<br><br><b>3.</b> How did Gilderoy Lockhart end up at St. Mungo's?<br><br><b>4.</b> What are 3 words you would use to describe Luna Lovegood?<br><br><b>5.</b> Which famous Ravenclaw that we learned about today is your favorite and why?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=HOM+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

This year, we will conclude our study of famous witches and wizards from each of the four Hogwarts houses with a look at famous Slytherins.<br><br>

We can't do a study of famous Slytherins without mentioning the infamous <b>Tom Riddle</b>. During his time at Hogwarts, Tom became Prefect and then Head Boy, a member of the Slug Club, and the winner of the Medal for Magical Merit. By all accounts, he was an outstanding student and star pupil. After graduation, Tom worked at Borgin and Burkes for many years until he eventually disappeared to focus on the Dark Arts, create Horcruxes, and gather a following known as Death Eaters. When he appeared again, he became known as the most dangerous dark wizard of all time, going by the name of Lord Voldemort. We all know how his tale ends at the hands of Harry Potter years later.<br><br>

Not every student of Slytherin went on to become evil. <b>Horace Slughorn</b> was a good-natured Slytherin. After school, Horace became a Potions Master and eventually Head of Slytherin at Hogwarts. He founded the Slug Club, a group of students who were highly intelligent or well-connected. Horace taught Tom Riddle and developed a fondness for him. He was responsible for teaching Tom about Horcruxes, but he had no idea that Tom would actually create one, let alone multiple. He redeemed himself by helping Harry Potter gain the knowledge necessary to defeat his former pupil, and he fought during the Battle of Hogwarts.<br><br>

The final famous Slytherin we'll cover is <b>Severus Snape</b>, a wizard with a complicated history. Severus was a student of Horace Slughorn's, and he became a member of the Slug Club. He developed a deep admiration for a girl named Lily Evans (who would become Lily Potter), feelings she did not reciprocate. This became a driving force through the remainder of Severus's life. He became a Death Eater after Lily rejected him, and he was later responsible for telling Voldemort about the prophecy, something he deeply regretted upon learning of the danger he had put Lily in. He begged Voldemort to spare Lily when attacking Harry and asked Albus Dumbledore for his help, but she was lost to save her son. Albus comforted the then distraught Severus, reasoning that the best way to honor Lily's memory would be to protect Harry. Severus became a double agent, pretending to serve Voldemort in order to gain secrets to pass on to Dumbledore while simultaneously working as Potions Master and Head of Slytherin and passing along carefully chosen information to Voldemort. Through his actions, he devoted his life to protecting Harry, despite not being particularly fond of the boy. He met an untimely and heartbreaking end at the hands of Voldemort (through his snake, Nagini) during the Battle of Hogwarts. It was revealed that his deep affection for Lily never faded, even after many years had passed.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What did Tom Riddle do during the time between when he attended Hogwarts and when he became Lord Voldemort?<br><br><b>2.</b> What group did Horace Slughorn form?<br><br><b>3.</b> What information did Horace Slughorn regret giving to Tom Riddle?<br><br><b>4.</b> What was the driving force behind Severus Snape's complicated actions?<br><br><b>5.</b> Which famous Slytherin that we learned about today is your favorite and why?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=HOM+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

For our final History of Magic lesson, we will be studying The First Wizarding War, a significant event in magical history.<br><br>

The First Wizarding War began in 1970 and ended in 1981, and it marked Lord Voldemort's original reign of terror. Voldemort's goal was to destroy the Ministry of Magic and replace it with a new system run by pure-bloods with himself as the ruler. Voldemort's followers, called Death Eaters, attempted to cause chaos by attacking Muggles in public. The Ministry of Magic had the full-time job of cleaning up the mess, modifying memories, searching for the Death Eaters, and trying to prevent future attacks. The threat increased, and some Death Eaters were even able to secure strategic positions within the Ministry of Magic to try to break it down from the inside.<br><br>

Albus Dumbledore formed The Order of the Phoenix to attempt to fight the Death Eaters since the Ministry of Magic was ill equipped to do so. He even invented a way for members to communicate in secret through Patronus Charms, which were able to deliver messages in the voice of the caster. James and Lily Potter became members after they refused to join Voldemort and were pursued by Death Eaters.<br><br>

Life continued for those who had not fallen victim to the war. Many on both sides had children, including James and Lily, who had Harry. In need of a Divination professor, Dumbledore interviewed Sybill Trelawney for the position. During her interview, she made a prophecy about the person who would be able to defeat Lord Voldemort. The prophecy applied to both Neville Longbottom and Harry Potter, but Voldemort assumed it to be about Harry and decided to get rid of him as an infant. On October 31, 1981, Voldemort traveled to Godric's Hollow to launch his attack. While he was successful in getting James and Lily out the way, he failed to get rid of Harry, and consequently caused his own fall. After his disappearance, the First Wizarding War came to an abrupt end.

<blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> When did The First Wizarding War take place?<br><br><b>2.</b> What was Voldemort trying to accomplish?<br><br><b>3.</b> What was The Order of the Phoenix?<br><br><b>4.</b> What caused Voldemort to attack the Potters?<br><br><b>5.</b> What happened after Voldemort failed to get rid of Harry in 1981?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=painted_dreams87&subject=HOM+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[MUGGSTUDDS]

<div class="part" id="ms3"><h1>Third Year Muggle Studies</h1>Hello, students! Welcome to Muggle Studies. This is a very fun class where we will learn all about Muggles and how they are not so different from ourselves! Muggles are fascinating, and they have a variety of habits and contraptions that seem foreign to magical folk. One of the most prominent differences between wizards and muggles is that muggles rely heavily on something known as "electricity" to go about their everyday lives.<p>

While Wizards can use magic to perform tasks such as cleaning, cooking, travelling, and well.. anything else you can think of, muggles can not and thus are forced to find alternate methods to these things. This is where electricity comes in! Electricity is not an invention, but rather created naturally through electrostatic charge - or lightening. A muggle named Benjamin Franklin, who was born in 1706, was the first person to harness lightning. He did this by tying a silk scarf to some string with a metal key at the bottom, and flying his makeshift kite up to attract the lightning. When he realized that this worked, he had another idea - the lightning rod. Before then, muggles had a problem with lightning ruining their homes. If a wizard's house caught fire after being struck by lightning, they could easily extinguish the flames and repair their house, but a muggles house would burn down. The lightning rod redirected the lightning into the ground, so that the home remained untouched.</p><p>

Franklin stated that the lightning rod was his single greatest invention. However, in more recent years, electricity use is considerably more widespread. Muggles are dependent on electricity to keep their food fresh, to contact one another, and to manufacture goods. Without electricity, many Muggles would not be able to do the jobs that they currently do. Some Muggles do not even have access to warm water without electricity.</p><p>

We definitely take for granted as wizards that we have everything at our fingertips. I am sure that in our subsequent classes your minds will be blown by how much muggles have to overcome! For now, though, please move on to our homework.</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<div class="part" id="ms4"><h1>Fourth Year Muggle Studies</h1>Welcome back to the most interesting elective Hogwarts has to offer, students - Muggle Studies! In this lesson, we will be discussing how Muggles get from one place to another. As wizards, we are able to (quite literally) pop in and out of locations thanks to apparition, or quickly zoom to another place on a broom. Some more adventurous wizards may even travel by Thestral or Hippogriff. Even more adventurous still, some wizards have bewitched versions of muggle transportation - such as cars or motorcycles - that can actually fly. Before every other form of transportation, Muggles traveled on foot. Can you imagine walking from Scotland to England? It wasn't until between 4000-3000 BC that Muggles began to use animals such as donkeys, horses, and camels for transportation. In 3500 BC, the wheel was invented in Iraq and the first wheel was made from wood. Initially, a canoe-like structure was used for water transportation, which was built by burning logs and digging out the burned wood. In 3100BC, the sailing boat was invented by Egyptians while the Romans built roads across Europe. During the Industrial Revolution, the first modern highway was developed by a Muggle named John Loudon McAdam.<p>

In the 17th and 18th century, many new modes of transportation were invented such as bicycles, trains, motor cars, trucks, airplanes, and trams. In 1906, the first car was developed with an internal combustion engine. Many types of transportation systems such as boats, trains, airplanes, and automobiles were based on the internal combustion engine.</p><p>

Automobiles based on internal combustion engine were first patented by Jean Lenoir of France in 1860. The first gasoline powered automobile was developed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz in 1885. Modern automobiles were first developed in 1890s in Germany and France. In 1891, William Morrison introduced electric powered automobiles in the US, which were an improvement over the steam engines.

Two brothers, the Wright Brothers, were the first to develop a sustained and powered aircraft in 1902. Earlier, an unmanned helicopter powered by a steam engine was developed in 1877 by Enrico Forlanini. Later, bomber aircrafts such as Lancaster and B-29 were designed, and the first commercial jet airline was flown by British pilot De Havilland Comet. Today, commercial aircrafts can fly at the speed of 960 km/hr, transporting people at a lower cost in less time. Currently, unmanned remote controlled aircraft such as Global Hawk is used in military operations.</p><p>

Trains are connected vehicles which run on rails. They are powered by steam, electricity or diesel. The steam engine is mostly fueled by coal, wood or oil. The first steam powered engine to be used in trains was introduced by James Watt, a Scottish inventor. The first rail transportation was used to move coal from mines to rivers.</p><p>

The modern rail system was developed in England in 1820, progressing to steam locomotives. In 1825, Stockton and Darlington Railways opened and underground railway was first built in 1863 in London. In 1880, electric trains and the trams were developed. Today, most of the steam locomotives have been replaced by diesel. The fastest commercial High Speed Rail trains which use magnetic levitation technology can go up to 431 km/hr.</p><p>

While Muggles have a tougher time getting around than wizards, one thing is for sure - no one can say that they aren't innovative! Please use your notes from today to complete the homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> When did Muggles first start using transportation other than walking? What was it?

<br><br><b>2.</b> Who built the first sailboats?<br><br><b>3.</b> When was the first modern highway developed?<br><br><b>4.</b> What was build in London in 1863?<br><br><b>5.</b> When and where were the first modern automobiles developed?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=littlemisspotter&subject=Muggle+Studies+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ms5"><h1>Fifth Year Muggle Studies</h1>Hello, Students! In this lesson we will be discussing one of the main ways Muggles communicate - telephones. The telephone's essential role in Muggles' lives has been growing ever since the day it was invented in 1876 by Mr. Alexander Graham Bell. The first telephone call ever was to his assistant, and he famously said: "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.<p>

Nearly forty years after that initial call, in 1915, Bell and his assistant demonstrated the first transcontinental call from New York to San Francisco, and in 1956, calls went transatlantic; each expansion transforming Muggle notions of time and space.</p><p>

Rotary phones, which first popped up just before the 1920s, began giving way to touchtone phones in the 1960s. This made dialing faster, and also added another element to our interaction with the devices. That number keypad, and the letters associated with it, would eventually make texting possible.</p><p>

Another major breakthrough came in 1973 with the first cellphone call, beginning the Muggle's move away from wires and, as Stein put it, "from being tethered to any home base." It took ten years for the first commercial handheld cellular phone to hit the market: the Motorola DynaTAC. A promotional video created by Motorola in 1984 heralded the phone's weight -- "Only 30 ounces!" -- and the beginning of the "cellular revolution.</p><p>Eventually, seeing people use cellular phones may seem as commonplace as someone checking time on an electronic watch," the video proclaimed. Throughout the nineties, cellphones grew sleeker, smaller and more commonplace. Muggle companies like Motorola and Nokia battled for dominance through design. The first text message came in 1992, reportedly wishing the receiver a "Merry Christmas." Then in 2000, the first commercial camera phone was released in Japan.</p><p>

In the meantime, the cellular infrastructure grew from 1G to 2G to 3G by the early 2000s. Blackberry and Palm took their turns as industry leaders, then Apple introduced the iPhone in 2007. A year later, Google unveiled Android. Over the next seven years, smartphones became ubiquitous, and more like computers.</p><p>

That is all for the history of telephones! Please move on to the homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Who invented the telephone? When?<br><br><b>2.</b> When was the first transcontinental call made? The first transatlantic call?<br><br><b>3.</b> When was the first cell phone invented? What was the difference between a cell phone and telephone?<br><br><b>4.</b> When was the first text message sent?<br><br><b>5.</b> What type of phone started showing up around the 1920s?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=littlemisspotter&subject=Muggle+Studies+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ms6"><h1>Sixth Year Muggle Studies</h1>Hello, dear students! In this class, we are going to be discussing the wonders of Muggle medicine. While here at Hogwarts, Madam Laney does a fantastic job of patching up our sick and injured students and staff. However, Muggles unfortunately do not have access to potions or spells that can aid in their healing processes.<p>

Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Greeks introduced the concepts of medical diagnosis, prognosis, and advanced medical ethics. The Hippocratic Oath, which is one of the most widely known of Greek medical texts.

The Greek physician Hippocrates (460–370 BC), the author of the oath.</p><p>

The Hippocratic Oath is an oath historically taken by Muggle physicians. In its original form, it requires a new physician to swear, by a number of healing gods, to uphold specific ethical standards. The Oath is the earliest -disallowed_word- from the 1870s) and as physicians (especially after 1970).</p><p>

Although there is no record to establish when plants were first used for medicinal purposes (herbalism), the use of plants as healing agents, as well as clays and soils is ancient. Over time through emulation of the behavior of fauna a medicinal knowledge base developed and passed between generations. As tribal culture specialized specific castes, shamans and apothecaries fulfilled the role of healer. The first known dentistry dates to c 7000 BC in Baluchistan where Neolithic dentists used flint-tipped drills and bowstrings.</p><p>

The earliest medical prescriptions appear in Sumerian during the Third Dynasty of Ur. The oldest Babylonian texts on medicine date back to the Old Babylonian period in the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE. The most extensive Babylonian medical text, however, is the Diagnostic Handbook written by the ummânū, or chief scholar, Esagil-kin-apli of Borsippa, during the reign of the Babylonian king Adad-apla-iddina.</p><p>

It is clear to see that Muggles have a vastly different way of taking care of sickness than wizards do, and their methods have evolved tremendously over time. Once you are finished taking notes, please move on to the homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Who introduced the concept of medical diagnosis?<br><br><b>2.</b> What is the Hippocratic Oath?<br><br><b>3.</b> What characterized the mid 20th century as far as medicine?<br><br><b>4.</b> When was herbalism first established?<br><br><b>5.</b> What is the most extensive Babylonian medical text?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=littlemisspotter&subject=Muggle+Studies+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="ms7"><h1>Seventh Year Muggle Studies</h1>Welcome back to our last Muggle Studies class, students! Through the past several classes, you have learned all the wonderful ways that Muggles differ from us wizards. Muggles in recent times simply do not believe in Wizards, which makes it easier to stay hidden from them. However, it was not always this way. In fact - not too long ago, Muggles DID believe in wizards, and they were terrified of them. Actually, Muggles believed in and were terrified of a lot of magical creatures throughout history.<p>

Of all the stories that have been told and retold, the most horrific is that of the Witch Hunts. The most unfortunate thing about the Witch Hunts is that no actual witches were harmed. It was simply Muggles accusing other Muggles of being witches, and then murdering them by drowning them, hanging them, or setting them on fire. This is not to say that true wizards were never caught by the Muggles, but they could easily free themselves and avoid death. The true Muggles that were caught, were not so fortunate.</p><p>

Around the time these Witch Hunts were happening, New England had been settled by religious refugees seeking to build a pure, Bible-based society. They lived closely with the sense of the supernatural. Salem Village (present-day Danvers, Massachusetts) was known for its fractious population, who had many internal disputes, and for disputes between the village and Salem Town (present-day Salem). Arguments about property lines, grazing rights, and church privileges were rife, and neighbors considered the population as "quarrelsome." Prior to the constitutional turmoil of the 1680s, Massachusetts government had been dominated by conservative Puritan secular leaders. Influenced by Calvinism, Puritans had opposed many of the traditions of the Anglo-Cathoilc (Anglican) Church of England.</p><p>

Prior to 1692, there had been rumors of witchcraft in villages neighboring Salem Village and other towns. Cotton Mather, a minister of Boston's North Church, was a prolific publisher of pamphlets, including some that expressed his belief in witchcraft. In his book Memorable Providences Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions (1689), Mather describes his "oracular observations" and how "stupendous witchcraft" had affected the children of Boston mason John Goodwin.</p><p>

The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. The trials resulted in the executions of twenty people, fourteen of them women, and all but one by hanging. Five others (including two infant children) died in prison. Twelve other women had previously been executed in Massachusetts and Connecticut during the 17th century. Despite being generally known as the Salem Witch Trials, the preliminary hearings in 1692 were conducted in several towns: Salem Village (now Danvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover. The most infamous trials were conducted by the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 in Salem Town. The episode is one of Colonial America's most notorious cases of mass hysteria. It has been used in political rhetoric and popular literature as a vivid cautionary tale about the dangers of isolationism, religious extremism, false accusations, and lapses in due process. It was not unique, but a Colonial American example of the much broader phenomenon of witch trials in the early modern period, which took place also in Europe. Many historians consider the lasting effects of the trials to have been highly influential in subsequent United States history. According to historian George Lincoln Burr, "the Salem witchcraft was the rock on which the theocracy shattered." The earliest recorded witchcraft execution was that of Alse Young in 1647 in Hartford, Connecticut.</p><p>

I am sorry that we had to end our class with something not-so-exciting and maybe even a little scary and sad, but it is important to understand the complex relationship that we have had with Muggles throughout history. Please move on to the homework when you are ready!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What present day city and state held the location of the Salem Village?<br><br><b>2.</b> Who wrote the book "Memorable Providences Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions"?<br><br><b>3.</b> What were the Salem Witch Trials?<br><br><b>4.</b> When did the Salem Witch Trials start and end?

<br><br><b>5.</b> Why do historians consider these trials influential?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=littlemisspotter&subject=Muggle+Studies+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[POTIONS]

<div class="part" id="po1"><h1>First Year Potions</h1>

<center></center><b>Oculus Potion</b><br>

An Oculus Potion, is a potion that is used to heal and enhance the drinkers senses. It is mainly used in conjunction to the Conjunctivitis Curse, which is a curse that causes irritation to the eyes, causing them to swell shut and the victim to be unable to see. When taken to enhance the senses, the drinker gains a superhuman ability to see. When completed, the Oculus Potion is deep orange in color.

<b>1.</b> What is the main reason for using the Oculus Potion and what is it in conjunction with?<br><br><b>2.</b> How many colors does this potion change to, before it is complete?

<br><br><b>3.</b> What are the main ingredients found in this potion?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is another reason for using this potion?<br><br><b>5.</b> What color does the potion turn, when you add crystalized water?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Potions+1">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#firstyear" class="nav2">Go back to the First Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="po2"><h1>Second Year Potions</h1>Skele-Gro is a potion that is used to regrow bones that have been magically removed. The potion was invented by an ancestor of Harry Potter, by the name of Linfred of Stintchcombe.

<p>

This potion is described as disgusting, it smokes when poured into a glass, and burns your throat on the way down. It can take up to 24 hours for this potion to work. Harry Potter described it as feeling like there were thousands of tiny tree branch/slivers growing in his arm and said it was quite a painful experience.

</p><p>

Skele-Gro is manufactured and distributed by Reubens Winikus and Company, and the recipe is kept secret. Although some of the known ingredients are: Chinese Chomping Cabbage, Pufferfish Eye and Scarab Beetles. The process is known to be quite complex, and should only be brewed by advanced potioneers, as if done incorrectly, could have dire effects.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are the uses for Skele-Gro?<br><br><b>2.</b> Who invented Skele-Gro and who produces it now?<br><br><b>3.</b> How long does it take for it to go into effect?

<br><br><b>4.</b> Research: What might happen is one were to brew this potion incorrectly?<br><br><b>5.</b> What are the main ingredients found in Skele-Gro?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Potions+2">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#secondyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Second Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="po3"><h1>Third Year Potions</h1>The Confusing Concoction causes the drinker to become extremely confused. Sometimes the drinker can even become reckless and wild. The plants used in the potion, cause an inflammation in the brain, which can have different effects on wizards, such as the recklessness. Other wizards may be overcome with extreme sadness or feel very distraught by their confusedness, and break down into tears. Those are usually extreme cases however, when the drinker is already exhausted, the effects are much stronger. It is mild compared to the Confounding Concoction.

<p>

<b>Ingredients:</b><br>

A Cauldron with about 17 oz of water<br>

2 Jobberknoll Feathers<br>

Leech Juice</p><p>

<b>Brewing Process:</b><br>

1. Bring Water to a boil<br>

2. Separate the Barbs from the Jabberknoll Feathers.<br>

3. Place Barbs into boiling water and stir twelve times clockwise, and seven times anti-clockwise<br>

4. Boil for 30 minutes<br>

5. Add Leech Juice by squeezing one Leech into the cauldron, stirring in an unpredictable fashion<br>

6. Continue stirring until potion thickens (within five minutes)<br>

7. If potion does not thicken within ten minutes, add the juice of the second leech and continue stirring in an unpredictable fashion<br>

8. If potion fails to thicken after the addition of the second leech, start another brew

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What is the Confusing Concoction used for?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are some of the more extreme effects of the Confusing Concoction?<br><br><b>3.</b> How many times and in what directions do you stir, after adding the Barbs into the boiling water?

<br><br><b>4.</b> What kind of feathers are used in this potion?<br><br><b>5.</b> What other potions is the Confusing Concoction similar too?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Potions+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="po4"><h1>Fourth Year Potions</h1>The Beautification Potion is a potion that makes the drinker seem attractive and appealing, even when they are quite the opposite. It removes all blemishes, scars and imperfections, their teeth are whitened and straightened, your body changes to become physically enhanced. The drinker radiates an aura of attractiveness, naturally inducing pleasure and desire, while slowly taking away inhibition.

<p>

Beautification Potions have been around for quite some time, with the earliest accounts being in the Middle Ages, one of which included a hag named Malodora Grymm, who made a beautification potion and then tricked a king into marrying her. Another account, which took place in the 1500's, involved a wizard named Zigmunt Budge, who was a potioneer who had to test his potions on himself. He attracted many muggle women, and had to stop taking the potion, and scare them all way. Modern Beautification potions can be purchased in Diagon Alley from Madame Primpernelle's Beautification Potions shop.

4. Find a single fresh rose. Pluck seven petals and add to cauldron.<br>

5. Chop the dried Lady's Mantle and add to cauldron, then stir.<br>

6. Add a lock of unicorn hair and stir vigorously.<br>

7. Add powdered ginger root and then heat.<br>

8. Lastly, wave your wand over the cauldron to finish the potion.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are the effects of the Beautification Potion?<br><br><b>2.</b> Who invented the Beautification Potion?<br><br><b>3.</b> Where can beautification potions be purchased?<br><br><b>4.</b> Do you think Beautification potions should be illegal? Why or why not?<br><br><b>5.</b> List the ingredients used in the Beautification Potion.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Potions+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="po5"><h1>Fifth Year Potions</h1>The Sleeping Draught, not to be confused with the Draught of Living Death, is a much more powerful potion. No, the Sleeping draught induces a temporary, but very deep and instantaneous sleep. It is described as simple, but very powerful. It can be used when one has experienced a trauma, such as an injury, or the death of a loved one. Dumbledore gave Harry Potter a similar potion- the Dreamless Sleep Potion, after he saw the death of Cedric in the graveyard.

<p>

Please open up your Book of Potions to find the brewing process.

</p><p>

<b>Ingredients: </b><br>

4 Sprigs of Lavender<br>

6 Measure of Standard Ingredient<br>

2 Blobs of Flobberworm Mucus<br>

4 Valerian Sprigs</p><p>

<b>Brewing Process:</b><br>

1. Add 4 sprigs of Lavender to the mortar

2. Add 2 measures of Standard Ingredient to the mortar

3. Crush into a creamy paste using the pestle

4. Add 2 blobs of Flobberworm Mucus to your cauldron

5. Add 2 measures of Standard Ingredient to your cauldron

6. Gently heat for 30 seconds

7. Add 3 measures of the crushed mixture to your cauldron

8. Wave your wand

9. Leave to brew and return in 70 minutes (time depends on cauldron)

10. Add 2 measures of Standard Ingredient to your cauldron

11. Heat on a high temperature for 1 minute

12. Add 4 Valerian Sprigs to your cauldron

13. Stir 7 times, clockwise

14. Wave your wand to complete the potion

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Describe the effects of the potion, and what potion is it not to be confused with?<br><br><b>2.</b> Please research the ingredients, Lavender and Valerian, and tell me what their purpose would be in this potion.

<br><br><b>3.</b> This potion has quite a few steps during the brewing process, what do you think might happen if you didn't add the Flobberworm Mucus?

<br><br><b>4.</b> How long should you leave the potion to brew after the first few steps?<br><br><b>5.</b> When do you add the Valerian Sprigs to the Potion?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Potions+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="po6"><h1>Sixth Year Potions</h1>Veritaserum is an extremely powerful truth potion, that forces the drinker to tell the absolute truth towards any question, to what the drinker believes to be true.

<p>

It is colorless, odorless and almost completely indistinguishable from water. This potion must mature for a full lunar phase to be effective and is extremely difficult to brew. This potion can be added to any drink, and three drops should be enough to get anyone to spill their deepest, darkest secrets.

</p><p>

Although it is a very powerful potion, some wizards are able to resist it's effects, and also it cause the drinker to tell what they believe to be true. If they are mentally unstable or insane, then what they may believe to be true, may not be what happened in reality. For these reasons, the use of veritaserum is not allowed in the courtroom. It is also a banned substance at Hogwarts.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are the effects of this potion?<br><br><b>2.</b> What are the characteristics of this potion?

<br><br><b>3.</b> How long does it take for this potion to mature and what is the difficulty level?<br><br><b>4.</b> Why isn't this potion used in the courtroom?

<br><br><b>5.</b> Do you think that this potion should be allowed in certain circusmtances? If so, which ones?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Potions+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="po7"><h1>Seventh Year Potions</h1>The Wolfsbane Potion is a potion that relieves, but does not cure the conditions of Lycanthropy. The potion is extremely dangerous, if brewed incorrectly and also has to be taken under certain conditions. In order for the potion to work, the drinker must take it every day in the week preceding the full moon. Once the full moon cycle begins, the potion will enable the werewolf to remain a normal and harmless wolf. They will not transform into a werewolf, and will keep their mind during the cycle. This potion enables them to curl up somewhere safe, until the cycle is complete.

<p>

The Wolfsbane potion was invented sometime after the 1970's, by a wizard name Domocles. It is truly a ground-breaking potion, allowing those who have been affected by Lycanthropy, to live almost normal lives. Although werewolves are notoriously shunned and shamed by society, and often live in poverty, due to their inability to obtain jobs. The Wolfsbane potion is extremely difficult, and the ingredients are extremely expensive, keeping it out of reach for most of the werewolf community. The main ingredient found in this potion is Wolfsbane, or aconite, which is highly toxic, one of the reasons why the potion is so dangerous, if brewed incorrectly. A completed potion lets out a faint blue smoke and has an awful taste. If one day is missed, this potion is ineffective.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> When was the Wolfsbane Potion invented, and by whom?

<br><br><b>2.</b> What are the effects of the Wolfsbane Potion?

<br><br><b>3.</b> When must this potion be consumed in order for it to work?

<br><br><b>4.</b> How are most werewolves affected by the invention of this potion?

<br><br><b>5.</b> What is the main ingredient found in this potion?<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=celeste_esther&subject=Potions+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

[TRANSFIGURATION]

<div class="part" id="tr1"><h1>First Year Transfiguration</h1>Welcome to Transfiguration first years. To start your journey, we will be learning the basics of Transfiguration, the dangers, classifications, as well as a few spells. Let's begin!

<p>

What is Transfiguration?<br>

Transfiguration is a branch of magic that focuses on the alteration of the form or appearance of an object, via the alteration of the object's molecular structure. Transfiguration can be done to most (if not all) objects. Transfiguration is one of the more scientific branches of magic, meaning there is a strict systematic approach in relation to the incantations and wand movements. Do not wiggle or twirl your wand unnecessarily, or the Transfiguration will be unsuccessful.

</p><p>

Dangers of Transformation<br>

Transfiguration is some of the most complex and dangerous magic you will learn in school. Due to the applied, precise nature of Transfiguration magic there is a large potential for it to go disastrously wrong, even for the experts. This is especially true if the practitioner is not taking things seriously or casting spells above their ability. If it is done improperly, the Transfigured object can become half-Transfigured or permanently stuck in one state.

</p><p>

Classification<br>

Transfiguration is divided into four branches, Transformation, Untransfiguration Vanishment, and Conjuration. Some of these branches also have sub-branches. In year 1 we will start off with Transformation, though still quite difficult, it is the easiest of the 4 branches.

</p><p>

We are learning 3 Transformation spells this year. Listed are each of the spells with their effects, incantation, hand movement and the light your wand emits when properly cast.

</p><p>

Flintifors - Turns small creatures to matchboxes<br>

Incantation - (flin-ti-fors)<br>

Hand movement - Tap the creature with the wand<br>

Light - Red

</p><p>

Avifors - Turns target into a bird, flock of birds, or a flock of bats on occasion<br>

Incantation - (AH-vi-fors)<br>

Hand movement - <img src="http://i.imgur.com/w1BiJrN.png"><br>

Light - Electric blue

</p><p>

Piscifors - Turns target into fish<br>

Incantation - (PISS-ee-fors)<br>

Hand movement - Point wand<br>

Light - Blue

</p><p>

In front of you each is a conjured mouse to use to practice Flintfors, a quill in a cage to practice Avifors, and a figurine to practice Piscfors. Practice each spell and complete your homework.

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Give a brief description of what Transfiguration is.

<br><br><b>2.</b> Name one thing that can happen if a transformation is done incorrectly and one reason why that can happen.

<br><br><b>3.</b> How many branches of Transfiguration are there and what are they?

<br><br><b>4.</b> Which spell emits a red light? Which spell requires a hand movement of a sideways figure eight? Which spell turns small creatures to matchboxes?

<br><br><b>5.</b> Role play the casting of one of these spells.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Transfiguration+1">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#firstyear" class="nav2">Go back to the First Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="tr2"><h1>Second Year Transfiguration</h1>Hello class and welcome to year two of Transfiguration! This year we are learning a few more transformation spells as well as Untransfiguration!

<p>

Untransfiguration<br>

Untransfiguration is the next branch of transfiguration magic and a type of counter-spell, which involves returning something to its proper form, reversing the effects of a transfiguration or an unsuccessful transfiguration. Failure to at least attempt to untranfigure a wrongly-done transfiguration is considered irresponsible.

</p><p>

Beginning with the general spell used to counter the effects of a Transformation spell that was poorly performed and only partially transfigured the object in question.

</p><p>

Reparifarge - Reverses the effects of an incomplete.<br>

Incantation - (reh-PAH-ree-fahj)<br>

Hand movement - small swoosh down to the right and back up.

</p><p>

Next we have a specific untransfiguration spell. This one 'vanishes' a snake that was conjured, either with Serpensortia or the Fire to snake spell.

</p><p>

Vipera Evanesca - Vanishes conjured snakes.<br>

Incantation - (vee-PAIR-uh ee-vuh-NES-kuh)<br>

Hand movement - Wave wand<br>

Light - Black smoke

</p><p>

Our next two untransfigurations can be used as regular transfiguration spells OR untransfigurations.

I will demonstrate how to transfigure an item, then untransfigure it. Starting with...<br><br>

Now, in order to transfigure them properly, you must be able to contain them. Be wary, beetles are quick little critters that can scurry off quickly. At the front of the classroom is a rabbit and a beetle for everyone. Please come get one of each and practice your spells. Remember, if you cast an incomplete transfiguration, use Reparifarge. Don't forget about your homework!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Give a brief description of what Untransfiguration is.<br><br><b>2.</b> What does Reparifarge do and what is it's hand movement?<br><br><b>3.</b> What must you be wary of?<br><br><b>4.</b> What spell discussed in this class emits black smoke as its light? What spell turns a target into rabbits? What spell has the hand movement of diagonal down-right, Straight left, Diagonal down-right?

<br><br><b>5.</b> Roleplay transfiguring either a beetle into a button or rabbits into slippers and then transfigure them back.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Transfiguration+2">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#secondyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Second Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="tr3"><h1>Third Year Transfiguration</h1>Welcome my third year students! You will be learning about a new sub-group of Transformation, Switching. With switching there is only one general switching spell that can be used.

<p>

Switching<br>

Switching is the art of magically exchanging physical features between two targets. Switching greatly resembles general transformation, but with with two main differences: firstly, the features of the two targets are switched simultaneously; secondly, the change in one of the pair is dependent on a change in the other.

</p><p>

Switching Spell - Switches two targets simultaneously.<br>

Hand movement - <img src="http://i.imgur.com/yXCUcTr.png"><br>

Light - White

</p><p>

Have some practice with this spell by switching two items on your desk then we will move on to learn some more transformation spells.

</p><p>

Vera Verto - Transforms an animal into a water goblet.<br>

Incantation - (vair-uh VAIR-toh)<br>

Hand movement - Tap thrice<br>

Light - Crystal clear<br>

Effects if done incorrectly - Goblet becoming furry or having a tail.

</p><p>

Draconifors Spell - Turns things into dragons<br>

Incantation - (dra-coni-fors)<br>

Hand movement - Slash wand at target<br>

Light - Fiery red

</p><p>

Snufflifors - Turns target into mouse<br>

Incantation - (snuf- fli -fors)<br>

Hand movement - Point wand at target<br>

Light - Pink

</p><p>

Be sure to practice the transformation spells and the switching spell and don't forget your homework!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Give a brief description of what Switching is.<br><br><b>2.</b> What is the Switching hand movement light color?<br><br><b>3.</b> What are the differences between switching and general transformation?<br><br><b>4.</b> What spell discussed in this class emits Fiery Red as its light? What is the effect if Vera Verto is done incorrectly? What is the hand movement for Snufflufors?

<br><br><b>5.</b> Roleplay a time that you would need one of the 4 spells you learned today.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Transfiguration+3">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#thirdyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Third Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="tr4"><h1>Fourth Year Transfiguration</h1>Year 4! What an exciting year! Find your seats and we'll begin. This year our main focus is Vanishment.

<p>

Vanishment<br>

Vanishment is the art of vanishing objects, or causing object to cease to exist. It must be performed with a clear and collected head, otherwise the results can be disastrous. It is the 3rd branch of transfiguration and is the opposite of conjuration, which you will learn in year 5.<br><br>

With few exceptions, such as the Vanishing cabinet, Vanishment, once done cannot be undone. Once vanished it is no longer in existence. This brings us into the dangers of vanishment. When performing the vanishment spell, you hold the risk of doing it improperly and only partially vanishing your target. You can imagine, I'm sure, how terrible it would be to accidentally do this to a living creature. There is also the possibility of vanishment of the wrong target, so please pay attention and be mindful that your wand is directly pointed at the correct target.

</p><p>

Vanishing spell<br>

Vanishing spells all follow the same, simple incantation — Evanesco, Latin for "disappear". It acts as the general vanishing spell, for anything the caster wishes to vanish. The intent of the caster directs the spell, vanishing the target. Everything vanished by use of this spell goes into non-being. It becomes more difficult with the complexity of the animal to be vanished; for instance, a snail, as an invertebrate, is rather simple, whereas the mouse, as a mammal, presents a great challenge.

With a Vanishment Prevention Spell, items can be charmed to resist the effects of the Vanishing Spell. This spell, though, is only temporary and can be broken with multiple attempts of the Vanishing spell.<br><br>

Onto the spells.

</p><p>

Evanesco - vanishes things<br>

Incantation - (ev-an-ES-ko)<br>

Hand movement - Point at the target<br>

Light - None

</p><p>

Vanishment Prevention Spell is technically a charm, but I will be teaching it today for the sake of our lesson.

</p><p>

Tutum Manere - Prevents an item from being vanished<br>

Incantation - (tut-um-man-ear)<br>

Hand movement - Tap the target<br>

Light - None

</p><p>

The Vanishing Cabinet<br>

The Vanishing Cabinet is a special piece of furniture, which was once located in our school, that randomly Vanishes & reappears. As such, it can be used to vanish things for a variable but finite length of time since the cabinet always reappears at some point in the future. The condition of the cabinet determines whether or not the vanished object will appear in its twin cabinet after the object has been vanished. If the cabinet is broken or defective then the vanishment will not be effective and the object will be trapped in a limbo like state. A pair of Vanishing Cabinets will act as a passage between two places. Objects placed in one cabinet will appear in the other.

</p><p>

Be sure to practice both the spells, and on the item you cast the Vanishment Prevention Spell, try and break it with the Vanishing spell. Get started on that Homework!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Give a brief description of what Vanishment is.<br><br><b>2.</b> What are the 2 dangers with vanishment?<br><br><b>3.</b> What is the opposite of Vanishment?<br><br><b>4.</b> What are the different hand movements for the two spells today? What is the light emitted with both spells?<br><br><b>5.</b> Roleplay using a vanishing cabinet. It can be fully functioning, damaged, with or without its twin, or any other circusmtance that you might think of.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Transfiguration+4">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fourthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fourth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="tr5"><h1>Fifth Year Transfiguration</h1>Welcome welcome welcome to your 5th year! Hopefully you've made it this far without any partial transfigurations or major incidents. Our branch of choice this year is even more difficult, as is expected with higher levels. Let's head straight into our lesson.

<p>

Conjuration<br>

Conjuration is an advanced form of Transfiguration, some of the most complex magic taught at our school. Conjurations are distinguished from the other branches of Transfiguration by their ability to transfigure the desired object from 'thin air'.

Conjuration is more than difficult than Transformation, Switching, and Vanishment. The only form of Transfiguration exceeds Conjuration in difficulty is Human Transfiguration, which you will begin learning nex year.

</p><p>

Dangers<br>

Many things can go wrong when attempting to conjure something from nothing, especially in the case of living creatures. If Conjuration is not performed exactly right or if the caster is simply messing around with Conjuring Spells, mistakes such as frog-rabbit hybrids can occur. Things such as severed heads and indeterminate stumps can also occur, when the conjuration isn't exactly right.

</p><p>

Gamp's Law of Elemental Transfiguration

There are limits as to what can be conjured. Gamp's Law of Elemental Transfiguration states there are 5 things that can not be created. We know for a fact that food is one of them. As an example, at Hogwarts, food SEEMS to appear onto the tables, but it is in fact summoned from the kitchens. We also see food being enlarged, and multiplied, but it can never be conjured. Wh know there are 5 laws, 5 things that have similar restrictions, but we are not completely sure what they are.

</p><p>

Moving on to some conjuration spells.

</p><p>

Avis - Conjures birds<br>

Incantation - (AH-viss)<br>

Hand movement - <img src="http://i.imgur.com/bJzc7fH.png"><br>

Light - Blue

</p><p>

Serpensortia - Conjures a snake<br>

Incantation - (ser-pen-SOR-tee-uh)<br>

Hand movement - Raise wand<br>

Light - White

</p><p>

Orchideous - Conjures flowers<br>

Incantation - (or-KID-ee-us)<br>

Hand movement - <img src="http://i.imgur.com/Q9Yl249.png"><br>

Light - None

</p><p>

These are some quite complicated spells, so be sure to practice, practice, practice. And remember, conjured items do not last long. This would also be a great opportunity to conjure something and then practice vanishing it from last years lesson! Don't forget about your homework!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Give a brief description of what Conjuration is.<br><br><b>2.</b> What form of transfiguration exceeds the difficulty of Conjuration?<br><br><b>3.</b> What are the dangers of Conjuration?<br><br><b>4.</b> What spell discussed in this class emits a white light? What spell conjures birds? What is the hand movement for Orchideous?<br><br><b>5.</b> Short answer - What do you think the remaining 4 laws from Gamp's Law of Elemental Transfiguration are?

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Transfiguration+5">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#fifthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Fifth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="tr6"><h1>Sixth Year Transfiguration</h1>Year 6 already?! Look how much you have learned! Now, onto our most difficult topic.

<p>

Human Transfiguration<br>

Human Transfiguration is a sub-branch of transformation in which one transfigures human body parts or an entire human being into another form. Human Transfiguration is more difficult than any other form of Transfiguration. Human Transfiguration allows the subject to take on an entirely different form or make various individual changes to their appearance, such as growing or changing the color of one's hair or taking on individual animal body parts. When a person is completely transfigured into an animal or object, they lose the ability to change themselves back. A transfigured person takes on the mind of whatever animal they are turned into.

</p><p>

Danger<br>

If done improperly, there is a danger of being stuck in the transfigured state.

</p><p>

Herbifors - Transforms hair into flowers<br>

Incantation - (HERB-i-fors)<br>

Hand movement - Point wand at target<br>

Light - Red

</p><p>

Viverra - Transforms humans into ferrets<br>

Incantation - (vi-ver-ra)<br>

Hand movement - Point wand at target<br>

Light - Orange

</p><p>

Transmogrify - Deforms the body of the target, such as causing the opponent to sprout wings<br>

Incantation - (trans-mog-ri-fy)<br>

Hand movement - <img src="http://i.imgur.com/8r2SDCf.png"><br>

Light - Green

</p><p>

Non-spell Human transfigurations<br>

There are a few ways to achieve human transfiguration without using a specific spell. The one we are discussing this year is actually an ailment. Now as I won't go extremely in depth as I'm sure you have or will learn of them in another class, I do want to touch on them a little.

</p><p>

A werewolf is a human being who, upon the complete rising of the full moon, becomes a fearsome and deadly near-wolf. This condition is caused by infcetion with lycanthropy. Werewolves appear in the form of a wolf but, there are distinctions between them and regular wolves. This illness is known to be spread by contact between saliva and blood; thus, when a transformed werewolf bites a human, the bitten will become a werewolf themselves.

The illness is the cause of this human transformation. After contracted, the human is forced to transform into a werewolf every full moon. When in their 'wolf' form, they, similarly to a spell, do not retain their human mind and instead think, feel, and act like a wild and dangerous animal.

</p><p>

Transformation can be a great tool, it can also be harmful and dangerous. Use your knowledge wisely!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> Give a brief description of what Human Transfiguration is.<br><br><b>2.</b> What happens to a person's state of mind when transformed into an animal using a spell?<br><br><b>3.</b> What is the danger of a human transfiguration spell?<br><br><b>4.</b> What spell discussed in this class emits Orange as its light? What spell transforms hair into flowers? What is the hand movement for Transmogrify?<br><br><b>5.</b> Roleplay transfiguring yourself or being transformed into an animal. How it happened, how you felt and thought as an animal and how you returned to human form.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Transfiguration+6">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#sixthyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Sixth Year classes</a></center></div>

<div class="part" id="tr7"><h1>Seventh Year Transfiguration</h1>In your seventh and final year we we are discussing different types of human transfigurations than what a spell could produce.

<p>

Metamorphmagus<br>

A Metamorphmagus (pl. Metamorphmagi) is a witch or wizard with the ability to change their physical appearance at will, rather than requiring Polyjuice Potion or a spell like the rest of the wizarding population. They need no wand to change. They are also extremely rare. A Metamorphmagus is born, not made; it is not a sklil that can be learned. There also seems to be a degree of heritability, which presents very early in life. Metamorphmagi can take a wide variety of forms, changing appearance and age, potentially looking like anyone at all, or even just changing a part of their appearance, such as the color of their hair or shape of their nose. It is unknown if Metamorphmagi can take the full form of an animal.

</p><p>

Like many other types of magic, a Metamorphmagus' abilities are affected by their emotional state. The person's appearance at any moment will often reflect the emotion the person is feeling at the time. Strong emotions, such as shock or sadness, can affect their abilities to the point of having trouble using them at all.

</p><p>

Animagus<br>

An Animagus (pl. Animagi) is a witch or wizard who can morph him or herself into an animal at will. It is a learned sklil, unlike the hereditary sklil of a Metamorphmagus. Due to the level of risk, I will not be revealing the process of becoming an Animagus in class.

</p><p>

It takes sklil, practise, and patience for wizards and witches to become Animagi. The process of becoming an Animagus is long and arduous, and has the potential to backfire and cause the transformation to go horribly wrong. Many witches and wizards simply feel that their time might better be employed in other ways, as the sklil is of limited practical use unless one has a great need of disguise or concealment. The process is extremely difficult and can result in disaster (such as permanent half-human, half-animal mutations) if done incorrectly.

</p><p>

Animagi can only take on the form of one specific animal. This animal form is not chosen by the wizard, but determined by their personality and inner traits. Each Animagus bears an identifying mark on their animal form that is caused by something on their human body. This may be a physical trait like dental structure, or an acquired trait such as glasses. If an Animagus undergoes a major physical change, such as the loss of a limb, their animal form will also reflect that.

</p><p>

An Animagus could consciously choose if they also wanted to transfigure their jewellery and clothing with them.

</p><p>

Every Animagus is required to register with the Ministry of Magic at the Animagus Registry. This registration includes revealing one's animal form and one's distinguishing markings. The register is available to the public. The primary reason for registration is to ensure the Animagi do not abuse their abilities, as the Ministry is able to keep track of them. The penalty for failing to register as an Animagus is a sentence in Azkaban.

</p><p>

In conclusion, we know of several different types of human transfigurations. There are spells, potions(which is up to the potions master to teach), forced (Werewolf), genetic (Metamorphmagus), and learned (Animagus).

</p><p>

I know you're all quite excited to finish out this school year, but do not forget to complete your homework!

</p><blockquote><h2>Homework:</h2>

<b>1.</b> What are 3 differences between a Metamorphmagus and an Animagus?

<br><br><b>2.</b> Research: Name one known Metamorphmagus and three known Animagi.<br><br><b>3.</b> What is the danger of the messing up the process of becoming an Animagus?<br><br><b>4.</b> What is the penalty of not registering as an Animagus?

<br><br><b>5.</b> Roleplay what it would be like to be an Animagus or Metamorphmagus.

<br><br><a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=michelineee&subject=Transfiguration+7">Submit your homework</a></blockquote><br><br><center><a href="#seventhyear" class="nav2">Go back to the Seventh Year classes</a></center></div>

<p></p><h2>we don't want you to lose your head</h2></center><br><br><br><center><a href="#castle" class="nav2">Go back to the Castle directory</a></center><br><br>

Feeling lost? Confused? Too much to take in? We understand! Hogwarts is a big place, and there's a lot to do! Here's a guide to help you get started.<p>

First thing's first, get yourself sorted and set up your trunk! The form below acts as both your Sorting form and your first year items purchases. Copy the entire code in the box and paste it into one of your <a href="http://www.neopets.com/edithomepage.phtml">petpages</a>. Fill in anything it asks for, save the page, and <a href="/neomessages.phtml?type=send&recipient=guildpatronus&subject=Onboarding">send the name of your pet whose page holds the form to guildpatronus!</a> This is a very important step. You cannot participate in anything in the guild without filling this out! Once you get a response, you can take the information off of your petpage so you have that to use for whatever else you want.

</p>

<center><textarea style="width: 770px;">REMEMBER TO PUT THIS ON YOUR PETPAGE AND SEND THE PETPAGE URL (OR JUST THE PET'S NAME) IN TO GUILDPATRONUS BECAUSE IT'S TOO LONG TO SEND IN A NEOMAIL. IT ALSO MAKES IT EASIER FOR US ;) REPLACE ALL INSTANCES OF "ANSWER HERE" WITH YOUR ANSWER. FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS, DELETE ALL OTHER ANSWERS BESIDES THE ONE YOU CHOOSE, OR USE <b>BOLD TAGS</b>.<br><br>

1. what is your name? <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br>

2. when is your birthday? <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br>

3. what is your time zone? (preferably in relation to NST) <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br>

4. how much time do you spend on neopets each week? <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br>

5. who recruited you to patronus? <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br>

6. on a scale of susan bones to colin creevy, how chatty are you? <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br>

7. on a scale of neville longbottom to oliver wood, how competitive are you? <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br>

8. are you joining with your main account? <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br>

9. rank each House by how much you relate to it (for example, 1. Gryffindor, 2. Hufflepuff, 3. Ravenclaw, 4. Slytherin - 1 being your first choice. we will take this highly into account, but we can't promise that your preference will be available at the time. your house may change between terms. you will never be sorted into your last choice). <b>ANSWER HERE</b><br><br>

ALL ITEMS ON THIS LIST ARE NEW AND PRICED AS SUCH. YOU MAY CHECK THE JUNK SHOP (http://www.neopets.com/~Mastermyned#tjs) TO SEE IF ANYTHING ON THIS LIST IS AVAILABLE THERE AT HALF PRICE. IF YOU DO WANT TO PURCHASE ANY USED ITEMS IN THAT SHOP, PLEASE SPECIFY! REMEMBER, YOU HAVE 120 GALLEONS AND 10 HOGSMEADE COINS TO SPEND!

ANYTHING UNDER "CUSTOMISABLE EQUIPMENT" NEEDS TO BE SPECIFIED WHICH OF THE OPTIONS YOU WANT!

PLEASE INDICATE IF YOU WOULD RATHER SPEND GALLEONS OR HOGSMEADE COINS ON THE PURCHASES LISTED WITH BOTH (IF YOU DON'T INDICATE, WE'LL USE GALLEONS)! CHECK OUT HOGSMEADE AND DIAGON ALLEY TO SEE IF THERE ARE OTHER ITEMS YOU WISH TO PURCHASE!<br><br>FOR THIS SECTION, PUT YOUR ANSWERS IN THE <b>BOLD TAGS</b>.<br><br><i>Please answer these questions;</i>

Blood Purity: <b>(Pureblood/Half-Blood/Muggleborn)</b><br>

Gender: <b>(Wizard/Witch/Wix)</b><br>

Favourite Colour: <b></b><br>

Favourite Number: (if this number is taken, we'll assign you a random numbered trunk) <br><br>

Do you prefer staying indoors or venturing outdoors? <b></b><br>

Are you shy or outgoing? <b></b><br><br>

NON-CUSTOMISABLE EQUIPMENT: (do not remove anything from this section)<br>

(25G) Uniform<br>

(14G) Books<br>

(33G) School Supplies<br><br>

CUSTOMISABLE EQUIPMENT: (for this section, use <b>bold tags</b> to specify which you want, or just delete all other options)<br><br>

CHOOSE ONE QUILL:<br>

(2G) Anti-Cheating Quill<br>

(2G) Auto-Answer Quill<br>

(9G) Black Quill<br>

(5G) Quick Quotes Quill<br>

(3G) Magical Quill<br>

(3G) Self-Spelling Quill<br>

CHOOSE ONE INK COLOUR:<br>

(1G) Blue Ink<br>

(1G) Black Ink<br>

CHOOSE A SET OF PHIALS:<br>

(5G OR 2HC) Set of Glass Phials<br>

(7G OR 3HC) Set of Crystal Phials<br><br>

Students may also bring an Owl OR a Cat OR a Toad OR a Pygmy Puff OR a Puffskein (Not necessary but each are individually priced and located in <a href="/~Mastermyned#mm">Diagon Alley</a>. If you want one, head over there to pick one out and give it a name!)<br><br>

TOTAL GALLEONS SPENT: # <br>

TOTAL HOGSMEADE COINS SPENT: #</textarea></center>

<center><br><table style="width: 300px; margin-left: 20px; float: right;"><tr><th style="width: 100px;"><b>New members:</b> set up a new trunk using the form above, and be sure to ask if you have any questions!</th></tr><tr><th style="width: 100px;">

<b>Year Six:</b> You'll reach this year after completing all fifth year classes, posting 300 non-spam messages, and earning 500 House Points.

</th></tr><tr><th style="width: 100px;">

<b>Year Seven:</b> You'll reach this year after completing all sixth year classes, posting 350 non-spam messages, and earning 500 House Points.

</th></tr><tr><th style="width: 100px;">

<i>You may now apply to be an Activity Host!</i></th></tr><tr><th style="width: 100px;">

<b>Alumni:</b> You'll reach this year after completing all seventh year classes, posting 400 non-spam messages, and earning 500 House Points.

</th></tr><tr><th style="width: 100px;"><i>

Once you've reached Alumni status, you may apply for any available job in the guild, and get your Animagus license!</i></th></tr></table></center>

<br><p>While you await the sorting and trunk setup, introduce yourself on our <a href="/guilds/guild_board.phtml?id=4176524">message board</a>. It's natural to feel shy at first, but rest assured that we can't wait to meet you! <i>One thing you should not do, however,</i> is change the subject line on the board! We use this as a kind of reminder of what the current important event going on in the guild is. So, instead of clicking on "Post A Message" at the top, click "» Reply To This Message" under the most recent message to keep that same subject. It's okay if you forget - just please try to change it back in your next message. If you notice that someone changes it to something not guild-related, please try to change it back as well! :)</p>

<p>With your brand new trunk, you're also awarded 120 Galleons and 10 Hogsmeade Coins. When you initially set up your Trunk, you will also purchase all of your required first year items! You can purchase these items with Galleons in Diagon Alley, or with Hogsmeade Coins in Hogsmeade!<br><br>

Once your trunk is set up, you can start ranking up in years! We love active members. They make our jobs in the guild so much more fun! The chart to the right lists the perks of each year, and how to achieve them.

</p><p>You may choose to purchase your own items at any time for each year (just remember that you start with a budget of 120 Galleons and 10 Coins). If you don't, we will automatically purchase them for you once you qualify for a rank up. We will use whichever currency (Galleons or Hogsmeade Coins) you have more of for the purchase.

</p><p><i>But how do you earn Galleons and Hogsmeade Coins?</i></p>

<b>●</b> Galleons are used to purchase things from Diagon Alley and are primarily earned by those holding positions within the guild (Professors, Activity Hosts, Department Jobs, etc). Galleons can also be earned via donations to S.P.E.W., helping out the Staff in any way, and by participating in special events.<br><br><b>●</b> Hogsmeade Coins are used to purchase things from Hogsmeade, and are earned every time you complete homework assignments, activities, or from participating in special events.

<p>Got all that? Now, if you're interested in seeing how your House is doing in the monthly House competition (Terms run from the 1st to 29th each month!), go to the guild homepage and take a look at the coloured hourglasses. You will now start contributing to your own House's points by participating in your classes and other activities! There are a bunch of activities listed on this very page, but others are located in other places (such as the Ministry). The following can be found on this page (known as the Hogwarts page):</p><p>

All classes!, the Headmistress's and Caretaker's offices, the Armoury, the Hospital Wing, all Common Rooms (you may only participate in your own House's Common Room activities), the Great Hall (where you can get licenses), the Forbidden Forest, the Boathouse, the Great Lake, and (when it's active) the Quidditch Pitch!

</p><p><i>Classes</i> have set lessons and are not changed weekly, as other activities are. This gives you the chance to complete them all on your own time.</p><p>

<i>Activities</i> are linked via the Ministry page as they fall under specific departments.</p><p>

<i>Guild-wide Activities</i> are the ones that are directly on this page. These are Staff-created and updated at the same time each week (the 1st, 8th, 15th, and 22nd).</p><p>

</p><center><b>The deadline for submitting any activities each term is at 12PM NST on the 28th.<br>Professors and Hosts will have until 3PM NST that same day to submit any last-minute points to be counted in the House Competition. The winner will be announced that night or early the next day.</b></center><br><br><h2>frequently asked questions</h2>

We get a lot of questions, and we're happy to answer them! However, we have compiled a list of answers to the more frequently asked ones <a href="/~Hagoi#greet">here</a>! If you have a question, you should check over there to see if it was already answered, so you don't have to wait for us to respond! :)

<br><br><h2>exploring away from the castle</h2>

We also have the <a href="/~Dieloa">Knight Bus</a> at our service to bring you to other magical places!

<p>Now that you're familiar with the Hogwarts Grounds, it's time to venture out to the village. <a href="/~Nyaxin">Hogsmeade Village</a> is a great place to go to learn about avatars and even purchase new ones! All avatars are displayed in your trunk, so it's time to start up that collection! You can also purchase trunk items and custom graphics or fonts. The only currency accepted in Hogsmeade is Hogsmeade Coins!

</p><p>You may go back to <a href="/~Mastermyned">Diagon Alley</a> (or check it out for the first time) and see if there's anything you want for your trunk there. You can check to see how many Galleons and Hogsmeade Coins you have to spend at <a href="/~zullom">Gringotts</a> (which is updated once daily).</p>

<p>Familiar with Diagon Alley, Hogwarts, and Hogsmeade? It may be time to visit the <a href="/~Hagoi">Ministry of Magic</a>. Here, you'll find information on who runs what around Patronus, as well as a bit more about the Departments. You can even take up the opportunity to apply for open positions yourself, if you're interested! Ensure first that you have all things (like <a href="#greathall">Licenses</a> and year statuses) needed for the positions before applying! Also located on the Ministry is some past rankings of Houses and members in the House Competition (as well as Quidditch seasons).</p>

<p> And last but not least, you can check out the <a href="/~Reurie">Leaky Cauldron</a> to grab some member-made graphics and show your guild pride!</p>