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WEEK LY OB RNAL. 0 STATE VOLUME XXXIII. fUBUHHKl) KVKKV WEDNESDAY, II V CIIAHL.KW HCUTT. Office corner of High and Town treed, Buttles' Building. TERMS, Three Piuxari tr annum, whirh msy be flischnrr-cd by iliu payment of Two Dullara and Fifty (Jcntii in advance, at ihn ullico. Tlie Jourual U alio published dnily during the aoision o the l'Vfiilatiiro and thrice a week the remiiiiiuYr or (he year for $h ; and three limo a week, yearly, Tor $. THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 20, 143. The Mub-Trcirr By the following resolution, adapted at the Loco-foco Convention to nominato a candidate fur Con- press in tho fifth district, it will be seen that the Sub Treasury is to bo dug up from the depths in which it was buried in 1610: "Resolved, That we approve of tho Independent Treasury system, as originated and explained by Martin Van liuren, and behevo it is tlie only consti tutional and safe wuy for the collection, safe-keeping and disbursement of the public revenue." This is well enough. This moasure, called "The Great Measure of Mr. Van Huron's Administration," is the only measure, the only movement in statesman ship, with which his name and fume are identified we mean, as President ; aa one elected not merely to "follow in tho old footsteps of his illustrious pre-dcccsHsr," but to distinguish himself and his Admin istration by the embodiment of tho principles of his party into positive law, according to the rule that a majority must govern. This the Independent Irca- sury eflects. The "illustrious predecessor," when Mr. Henton had, "solitary and alone, set the ball in motion that was to crush Banks and Credit, and "revolutionize the currency" by tho banishment of nl paper, added tho weight of his authority and counsel, and pushed on the truin of measures as fast as possible to their consummation, tho period of which fell within the timo of Mr. Van Buren a first four years. Accordingly, the financial substitute tho mcasuro which was to complete the work, and to prepare tho way for which (according to Mr. Benton himself) the Hank explosion of 18(7, with its devastating influence upon men and business, was brought about by tho two Administrations j this measure, we say, was timely urged by Mr. Van Buren. It was, finally, through a gross outrage upon a sovereign Ktate, adopted, and touk the form of law. But it has full on. The Inborn of ten long years arc fruitless save of the wreck and ruin which they have brought upon the country and the people individually. We wonder not that uttcmpts should be mado to revive it, by thoso who have acted from principle in their war upon ciurcncy and credit, mid who still, in tho madness of following out the abstractions of theory, against tho lights of observation and experience, regurd tho eMtriblinhuiont of an exclusively metullic currency as indispensable to the welfare of the people; our only wonder is,tlmtanyshnuldyetbc found advocating such ft system of currency or, as has been said by themselves, "revolution of the currency" nfter tlie experience we have hud. But so it is. The scheme hus never been abnndoncd. The Locofoco party has no other great nucleus around which to concentrate. Free trade, with its attendants, direct taxation, ha vo not tlie same universal ity : for even in ttouiruuna their party has preserved itself by advocating the protection of the sugar interest, for the benefit alike of that and tho colon interest as, if tho sugar interest were not sustained, producers of cotton would bo multiplied, and the price of that article consequently reduced. Tho same convention that passed the above resolution, also adopted others consisting with the genera) plan, namely, in approbation of tho currency measures of the legislature, individual liability to the fullest extent, Murtin Van Buren, &c. Sinco tho foregoing was written, wo havo received the Cincinnati Enquirer, containing a call for a meeting of the friends of Mr. Van Buren and his measures, from which wo make the following extract: "Mr. Van Buren went down in 1H 10, before the combination of faction and of fraud that so imposed upon tho public credulity, and seized the reins of power only to violate every promise, and introduco every corruption. He went down, hut with tlie Hug of true principles flying at the mast head, firm amid faithlessness pure amid.-tt perfidy ! He went down, and with him the crrit measure of safety and deliverance TIIK INDKPENDKNT TKKASUHY! Khali he not rise again with the tremendous revolution of opinion among a just pooplo, who have learned by bitter experience, that only by a strict adherence to the Constitution and the principles of Jefferson, Jackson, and Van Buren, can they find protection and security for their interests and liberties! What triumph to restore the measures of Van Buren with the man that conceived them! What a vindication of the elective franchise ! of self-government ! of democratic supremacy I Wo protest that we should enter tho campaign for Mr. Van Buren with a degree of cnthuxiuoii as unbounded as our love for country, and as unfaltering as our faith in the intelligence and justice of tho people 1 Not to iiominato him now is to deny turn! Not to rear airain the standard of IrilO, and rally around it the good and tho true, is to admit that Democracy was then riliteounly overthrown. Wo speok to men who went through tho struggle of thnt year ; and to i those who are now thoroughly convinced (hat their confidence was betrayed ami their hopes descried by tho onetnv, shnll wo ho guilty of tins deport ion and ingratitude? Shall wo consent to this shameful admission and abandonment of what we know to be just, on account of any suggestions of expediency ?" Mr. Hi d(( !' laMphlrl. Tlie Statesman alludes to a quotation from Gen. Jackson's messngo in 1KW, which appears in Mr. 11 ulg way's pamphlet, and calls upon that gentleman to explain why, in his extract, (in which Gen. Jack-: son defines the power of the General Government to j lay duties,) tho words "identified with" are aubslitti-ted for "incidental to." Wo have not seen Mr. Ridg i way, and suppose he, and very properly, considers it a matter of li'.tle imtortanco as to what are the pro-, cise terms used in a easo in which the sense is clear j and cannot possibly be id is taken. The Statesman is i correct as to the reading of the passage in tlie Congressional documents; but wo should like very much to seo an attempt to make anything out of tho passage aa it appears in tho documents different from that made from tho same passage as it appears in the pamphlet. In collection ut President's Mes sages, published hy Edward Wulker, 112 Kulton street, New York, IHll.tho mestuge is printed as it is quoted in tho pamphlet This is a very respectable authority ; and is, besides, in perfect agreement with tho manifest sense of tho piissago and design of its author. Thcro ii nothing, in tho change of words, to mislead any one ; and it is, therefore, of litlto consequence which version be the correct one. Mr. rUhrr Hpcrrhj lh Tariff. This admirablo speech, delivered in tho Hoiiso last winter, and highly commended throughout tho State, has been reprinted in pamphlet form, and is for aalo at tho office of tho Stato Jouniul, at two dollars per hundred, or fifteen dollars per thousand. A corresxmdent of the Cincinnati Gazette, who iigns himself a A It hp Liii.it; an n (!) seems to be annoyed by somo act of ours: but his complaint is entirely too enigmatical for us. Whenever ho may chnoHO to bring himself within our comprehension, wo will respond with great cheerfulness. In tho nieautimo, wo would take tho liberty ot advising this Republican " to study tho fablo of tho jack -daw among tho pea fowls. Tho Democracy of the Congressional District composed of the counties of Franklin, Licking, and Knox nominated, on lost Saturday, IIknun A. Monar, Ktq. They hit Uon the right man. Mc-Nultyof Kuoxtud Taylor f Licking were candidates. A most excellent selection in this instance." We copy the above from the Hillsborough Gnxette, Ioco, It is intended for ft cut at McNulty and Taylor, whose principles and management prevailed in the legislation of last winter. This ia not very con-uling to tlnwo gentlemen, nor very encouraging to their friends, who are called upon to unite on t man who was their rival, and who is thus indicated to be one Uit odor of whoso Democracy ia not altogether the same as theirs ! 05 By tho following resolution, adopted at tho Johnstown convention, it seems the members of that body still adhere to the bcliof that there is too much of real Democracy in tho practice of allowing each Congressional district to select a delegate to a National Convention for the nomination of a candidate for President if that were allowed, aome districts might send a. delegate with instructions to voto for somo one other than Van Buren, and even one voto lost from Ohio might decide his fate! Remitted, That Ohio has always appointed delegates to the Presidential Convention at a State Convention boldcn in Columbus on the tith of January' of every fourth year, and that having heard no good reasons assigned for a change, and as tho manner of appointing delegates has been widely discussed, we do not hesitate to name that as the mode. urtb IUlrici, At the Convention which nominated Gov. Vance for Congress, the following resolutions were adopted. They speak the sentiments of tho Whigs of Ohio; and tho last one points out both tho indiapensuble and the certain means of success : Resolved, That the Whigs of the Fourth Congressional District of Ohio, fully impressed with the importance of the coming election, will unite with their brethren throughout the State, in another effort to redeem tho State from the hands of the spoilers, by rallying to the polls in all their strength on the second Tuesday of October next. Resolved, That the legislation of last winter hns proved detrimental to the best interests of the Suite has increased the embarrass men is under which our people aro laboring and if persevered in will ultimately lead to bankruptcy and ruin; one that all good men are called upon to sink party differences and unite in tlie support of those measures which aro designed to restore prosperity to tlie people and tho country. Resolved, That, as Whigs, we are in favor of a safe, sound, and permanent banking system, whose issues aro convertible into specie on demand, and which will bu equal to the business purposes of tho State and the people ; that experience has demonstrated tho utility of such a system ; and that without it, we must come down to tho wages and prices of tho specie standard. Itcsolvtd, That the Whigs of this Congressional District enteitaiu undiminished confidence in the distinguished talents, practicn) judgment, mid devoted patriotism of I1KNRY CLAY, of Kentucky; that we view his long and urduous services with the highest admiration und reward, and recognize in him tho true exponent of our principles; that his unceasing efforts to carry out those principles, is a sure guaranty thst ho w ill never desert the cause to whic h ho is attached ; und Hint m his election to tlie hiL'IiPHt office in the gitl of the American People, we build our hopes and prospects of future prosperity and great nets. Unwind, That it bo recommended to the Whigs of this Congressional District, at once to adopt measures fur a thorough organization of each county, township, nnd school district, as a means of success at the coming election ; and that every effort bo mmle to ensure a full attendance at tho polls on tho second Tuesday of October next. Ainrrlran I'rittia. The following, from llio New York Tribune, makes reference to a firm winch has an advertisement in our columns, and to which we take this occasion to invite the attention of dealers, and individuals friend ly to the encouragement and support of domestic industry and enterprise: Amtrican PnitfTKn CMcors. Our own Print ers, from small and imperfect beginners, have ar rived at extraordinary perfection, in producing this article. No Printers in the world can now equal them in beauty and permanence of color. The im portation ut ttio article is almost entirely abandoned, while tho exportation is going on to & considerable extent Tho quantity of Calicoes printed in this country is now estimated at 100,000 nieces, or a,:k0,000 yards per week; and such is the extent of the trade in these goods that they aro beginning to form a distinct and aepnra'o branch of business, and ft largo warehouse lias been opened in rear! street, y Messrs. Leo & Brows tor, as will bo seen by referring to our advertising columns, for the purpose ot dealing in this article exclusively ; and the proprietors state to us that thouirh they would irladlv improve their as sortment by adding any foreign prints which might bo iesirabie, el that the market aiiords tew or noiio oi that character. Their assortment, without the aid of foreign goods, amounts to near 1000 different patterns and colorings. .No less than UU.000 packtgos ot various domestic cotton goods have been sold within a few days tor export to China, and a considerable quantity have been shipped to England. (ty For the honor of human nature, tlie country, Pittsburgh, and the individuals named, wo hope there may be some mistake in tho facts stated below, tho liko of which, in a civilized and Christian community, scorn incredible. We copy from the Philadelphia Forum : Tnr. Dkath or a WAsnr.nER. Hugh Hooncy reached Pittsburgh last Saturday, having walked from Brownsville, and tmk refuge in a stable, complaining of illness and fat i cue. Tho overseer of the poor was called ujwn. Jtmes Mc henna by name, who refused to remove linn to the poor homo, al though tho gratuitous use of ft wagon was tendered lor the purno. roor Kooney remained till 31 on lay mormmr, when, in uttemntmir to walk from tho Htahlo to a hydrant, ho slnggered, fell, and in a short tune expired! McKenna then procured a man, says the Spirit of tho Aire, named James Ihmill.to inter tho dead. Procuring a few ynriU of muslin, tho Overseer put a part of it around the body, without removing tho clothes, or cleansing it from tho tilth, and James Hainill placed it in the rude box prepared for tho occasion, which, heing too small, tho decea sed being rather corpulent, tho In) would not tit, whereupon Ilatmll jiuhh-i iiwm tf until ho was enabled to fasten it securely! The box was then placed in a wagon and taken to uic pnor-nouso burial ground. Wo siihioin the verdict of tho Coroners itirv. which rxnuiined several witnesses. "Tho inquest upm their solemn oaths, say that tho said Hugh Kooucv came to his deaih by cxrwuro and want ot can1, whilst laboring under tho inlluenta and drop-sey, and not otherwise." 03" Tho !ococ in the Lucas Assembly district havo nominated John W. Walters, onco a member of the f ntiso, fur the Senate ; and Sidney S. Sprague, of Williams, for the House. Q7"(d. U. II. Miller, member of tho Senile last winter, is nominated by his party for next Senator from Belmont and Harrison, in opposition to C. C. Carroll, Whig. 1X7 William Smith is tho Ioco nominee for tho House in Knox. Bit ii! Tho Locofoen war in the ninth district, between Dr. Olds and his organ, and Col. Medill and his organ. 05 Tho Johnstown Convention wat unanimoiu for Van Buren. Urrrm I r, Ar. Col. Oj.hsti:ii, of tho City House, ia serving up tlie above, and all tho luxuries of the season. Ib.prtHATiorc. Tho following passage on tho imjHirtance of maintaining iuvloluto the public fuith, was written yuan ago by (hat stem old patriot of other and better days, Fisher Ames, His views ire those of overy honest man in the community, ami wo commend tlie in to tho repudiating fudrioU everywhere : uTo expatiate on tho vulunof public faith my pass with sortie men for declamation; to such I lutvo nothing to say. To others 1 will uriro can auv circumstance mark tifxiii ft pooplo moru turpitudo ami debasement f Can anything tend more to mako men think themselves mean, or degrade to a lower point their estimation of virtue and their standard of action? It would not merely deinoralan mankind ; it tends to break all tlie liiranieuts of society, to dis solve that mysterious charm Inch attracts individu als to the nation, and to umpire m us stead ft repulsive tense of shame and disgust." IssrreTioM, The in-noctinus of flour in this cily last week amounted to PJ.IdW bhls. nd 757 hf. bins, wheat Hour, and 117 tit) In. rye do. Of tobacco there were insnrrterf l!T;l hhds. : of these Kl worw from Maryland, ! 10 from Ohio, 117 from Kentucky, ;f-frrom M issouri, and Hslpni. The tobacco growers of Ohio begin to find out that Baltimore is tlie best market to which they can send their produce, and our inspection snow that they aro determined to avail themselves of the facilities for shipment Ball. .Suit. Prolroilon. Wo take the following well reasoned and able article from tho Albany American Citizen of Tuesday lost It places in a strong light one of the points of uuiureijce ueiwccn me advocates oi rroieciion anu 4 Freo Trade "falsely so called . The material points of dirlerenco between our opponents and ourselves respecting tho policy of protection are these : lat We contend that it is essentia that all articles of ordinary use should be of home oroduction. that in their manufacture would a large portion of , our industry be most profitably directed, and that however cheaply wo may purchase them elsewhere, it is still cheaper to muko them ourselves. 2d. We contend that protection benefits tho farmer, tlie laborer, and in fact all indiisfjious classes to tho sumo degree, and in like manner with the manufacturer. And Jld. Wo contend tliat it reduces the prices of tho articles protected, and that with it tho avurage will be less tnan under free trade. 1 o which our opponents reply : First. That it is immaterial whore the articles purchased aro made, provided they aro cheaply bought : that ours is naturally a crain irrowin? coun try, in which all may be profitably employed, and that tho surplus of our agricultural products will purchase such articles of manufacture as the wanU ot Ifie country may require. Secondly. That protection creates a monopoly in fiver of tho manufacturer and benefits him alone. And Thirdly. Thnt it taxes tho people needlessly for those articles which their necessities require, and increases tho prico of the articles protected by the same amount as there is a duty imposed. We will devote this paper to the consideration of i our first argument, in connection wiUi our opponent s ropiy. Wo contend that it is important that all articles in common use should be of our own workiiidiiship, fur tho reason that the country is thereby enriched to the full worth of their manufacture. It matters little indeed how great tlie amount of goods wo may use, provided they ore American made, for tlie country then loses only tho coat of tho roio material, which is comparatively trilling, but with foreign goods it is not so ; for every thousand dollars wmth of these wo consume, the country is a thousund dol lars mo poorer. We purchased of British manufacture alnno from lH;l0lo 1H 10 goods to an amount say of R'iOO.OOO.- 000. This amount, startling na it is, falls fur short of tho reality, being only at tho rate of $30,000,000 per annum, which is less limn the real amount im ported during any one of those years. For these goods England now has the money and we havo uo-tltiiiff. U is to tho circumstance of her having fostered her manufactures that Kngland is indebted for her present rank in the scale of nations, Sho believes that ho who changes one dollar's worth of sheep's wool into iivo dollars' worth of cloth, or who converts (me ton of pig iron worth 10 into hard ware worth .i00, enriches himself to tho amount of his earnings, and pursues a policy accordingly. The Knglinh are the wealthiest nulinii in the world, every powur in Europe is indebted to them, and her resources are such that her government, though very lavish in iU expenditures, mid burdened with a national debt sutlicieiit to sink any other people, can command any amount of money and ut the mot favorable rates. But in what arc the resources of Kngland? Not in agriculture for every inch of her soil is needed for the support of her inhabitants. Not in minerals for her mines, except of coal, are comparatively valueless. Not in the fisheries for these ore wanted for her own consumption. Not in the colonies for these are but a bill of expense. So impressed indeed was Nupoleon that it was her man ufachues by winch Kngland was sustained, that he directed his energies mainly against this very point. It whs to curtail hor manufactures that he puxscd (ho Merlin and Milan decrees; and indeed hostility to British goods was tlie secret spring of all his political movements. And Bonaparte had reason for hating England. Sho paid Austria for her opposition Shu gave Prussia a regular price for every soldier in heraruiv. and ItiifMia hIho received from her a monthly stipend tor her hostility to him. Kngland, in fict paiu the larger part of tho expenses of the whole European war. And how was this debt paid? She owes to thoso countries nothing now, but on tho contrary they are all indebted to her. The debt to them was canceled by her manufactures, for which the now owes her own people. But tay our opponents, yoi seo but out of one eye; agriculture is a sourco ot wealth as fruitful aa manufactures. If thoso now engaged in manufacturing should commence tilling the ground wo should have a surplus of grain equally as valuable as our present manufactures, and which wo could exchange tor those of Europe. A moment's reflection will exhibit the fallacy ol this argument and show it, in fuel, to bo utterly without foundation. Let us supKwc ourselves entirely destitute of manufactures, hut with a surplus at the present prices of itOO.OOO,-000 worth of wheat, flour, potatoes, Ate, which wo wihIi to exchange for clothing, hardware, dtc, mid seo how many million dollars worth of theso $.'0,000,000 worth of grain ami Hitatoes England will buy. England being tho great manufacturing country, we mint of course mako the exclmugo with her. Well, then, to begin : our wheat and Hour must bo transported, on the average, one thousand miles to tho seaboard, and from thence three thousand miles inoro over the sea to their declined market Inasmuch as thesn article are quite bulky in comparison to their value, the cot of their transportation to so great a dUtanco inut bo a largo per centage of their wholo value. This transportation wo of course must pay, for their worth in E.ioi.A.in would be their market value. This transportation of grain and flour 4 100 miles, and tho labor of reshipping them from time to time would not bo less than AO per cent, of tlieirorigmal value. Tho farmer, therefore, ftho now receives TiO cents a bushel fur wheat would then realize but U't cents, and where ho now gets At for potatoes, he would then, because of their great bulk, n-ceivo but Is. Nor is this all, Kngland dutn not leriitJ our tigrwuHuriU products, and would not consent to receive them. And furthermore, tho distance prevents our supplying her wants oven though a scarcity should there occur. Their easy uccesa to tho great gram growing region about the Ihllic, forbids any attempt on our part to furnish these articles, and under her pret-ent sliding tariff would almost inevitably result in tho ruin of nil who should make it Thu caso is precisely thin; We mint Icvilc to England mainly for our market but our goods depreciate one-half in reaching there. Un-lurfH we can perHiiudo the Knglixh farmers to engage in somo other business, they have no occasion for our products; and unless wo can pormiado tho English government to alter their tariff for our csjhj-cul accommodation, wo cannot gain them admittance into her (wrts. How tionsenaicul is any argument bused ujhui iho.io. Would it nut be infinitely better and M iser, then, that manufactures and agriculture should grow up and strengthen each other, that in every town there should bo a manufactory and every manufactory surrounded by fields of grain, rather thin bu separated four thousand miles by land and sea, subject to the crutt and selfishness of rival governments, each anxiom to mako tlie beat bargain tor iuelf, and each endeavoring to outwit tho other? Trip ON 0mrrnry tVhrr w ill Ihry be I'nn4f It is a fuct which cannot bo denied, that there exists at this very moment, within the pulo of the Lo-coficu party, a body of men, who abhor its radical-win and destructive tendencies, dexpiso its corrupt and profligate leaders, havo neithor sympathy nor communion with them, and hold imt thu snma political fuith. Aro theso Tyler men? By no means. 'I'h y loath the traitor and all tho Spaniel breed that hark at his bidding for the bones they aro permitted to gut w, with the lush over their heads. Thru bo-hng to tho mangy crew that havo been kirkrd into obedience, and live in daily expectation of being AuMoutl No. Thoy are old, not modern Democrats. Democrats of the times and stamp of Madison and Monroe. Democrats when that party was in its boasted glory, and boasted of ft Vlay as its magnificent and consilient leader, ore tho sky-rocket glaro of Jiicksonism deluded a portion of the party to follow tho Hereof New Orleans, whom they soon found to have surrendered hiuisrlf to their old eno-mies, such as the Walls, the Wilkinses, the Hub-hards, tho Huel Williumscs, tho Uuchanatu, &c. Van Burenism became the stick of tho sky-rocket and went up with it; but, as was anticipated hy many, ho his fallen. Where is tho rocket that can again carry him up, and who will attempt to raise linn? Tho Fox became the pet of tho old Lion; hut ia ho to hold tho place of King of the forest" because he was once the Forest King's pet? Has ho the Lion's roar, that causes all other beasts In tremblo? Has he tho royal mane, and tho majestic pori inai Deapenn one "born to command r No, And tho men of whom wo speak will n'r acknowledge hw sway or right to command. Are they, Uion, to swallow John C. Calhoun and Miih'icuion, becsmn tho nauseous dwto is labeled "Democracy and freo trade?" That they will never do. They havo not forgotten that this is tlie COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, same John C. Calhoun whom they in derision, styled "Cataline Calhoun," and who excited tho Old Lion to roar till the very rocki and hills trembled with affright Wore they to do this tlie Old Hero would appear to them in their sleep, and ring in their ears "NULLIFICATION, NULLIFICATION," till the sweat would stand in beaded drops upon their brows. As to Buchanan he has no strength out of Penn-sylvsniu, and will be cut by Van Buren dead. Cabs has no strength anywhere; Johnson none at tho South, and none except among the "subterranean democracy "the " ground tier " at tho North. Besides, the body of men of whom wo speak, have no sympathy with, or liking for cither of theso men. Where then will they go? More vmnPhuadetphia Forum, Whig Iteirciichinrnt. Under this head it is stated in the N. Y. Evening Post that according to a report made by Mr. Spencer,, Secretary of the Treasury, the annronriations during the year 184i, amounted to $l(J,;i;5)50,J 54, and thanks M his faithfulness fur an cxjhibo not only of tho duplicity but the extravagance of the Into Whig Congress." There is a disingeiiuousness, a paltriness in this deceptive statement, thai Mr. Spencer would once havo scorned. The trick, for it deserves no better name, is thus exposed by the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser: The resolution called for a statement showing " tho amount of appropriations for each year, from the 4th of March JH to tho 4th of .March lPl.'J, exclusive of the public debu ond trust funds." In answer to this call what doos the Secretary produce? Not a statement showing the upgiropriutions for each year, out mo amount ot approp mtion Dills passed in each year, for the expenditure not only of that but also of other years. Thus the appropriations made in tho year from March 4th, IHl'i, to March 4th, 1813, appear to have been but they include tiio expenditures to June oOth 1H-J4 being in fact for moro than two years! The appropriations for 18 U were japVlli-ViW; those fur Irt-:j and down to the UOtli of June lt?44 were lj24,Wi!MKi. But the Secretary, ingeniously substituting tho word in for the word for in his reading of the resolution, puis these two sums together, and sliding to them tho post oflice appropriation, makes M'yXhUOiK and puts this before the country as the Whig expenditure for one year ! Shume on such deception. The IMctM-lnti mid .Hi. Vna II arc it. The Plebeian is Mr. Van Boron's special orcan and mouth piece in this city. It congratulates itself on the extensive notice and consequent notoriety it has obtained, from ils attack on tlie soldiers who fell at Bunker Hill, it must certainly bo admitted that tho character of the Plebeian has become more extensively, but rut her uneiiviubly known, since the Editor came out und boldly denounced the Revolution and ils authors, and called that event which Gen. Washington considered a" the salvation of the country, a mere humbug and disgrace. Mr. Van Ifuren may, after all, bo, htmself, a tho bottom of this movement against h.s own country. It is, perhaps, only a second attempt on his part to disgrace Ins country; having already gained tho Hume kind of notoriety which the Plebeian seems to covet. Ho instructed our minister at the Court of St James to say that hi own country was in the wrong, and Great Britain in the right, in a contro versy then pending; and now, through his official tools, ho may be undertaking lo prove that his countrymen wore all wrong during tho Revolution. "Liko muster, liko man." The Globe endorses and copies tlie slanders of tho Plebeian, and in this acts with its usual fidelity to tho party. The Editor of tho Eveiiintr Post holdB his peaco and gives tho usual elfecttoslanderwhich arises from silent assent. To what depths will not Loco Foe u is ii i sink its victims, when wo see a mnn who is a descendant of the Puritans, standing silent ly by, and hearing his fathers, the associates and fellow-soldiers of Washington, ridiculed and vil-licd, without a word of rebuke, when ho has tho means ellectuully to protect their good name ! Tho Plebeian of itself is utterly without influence, consequence, or circulation, and would excite no notice, except from the fact that it is Mr. Van Huron's organ. In that light the country will consider tho i.x-l'repident resHnsit)lo lor whut it savs, particularly when its course is in accordance with that of its master. A". 1". Erprcss. From the Rah-ih (N. C.) 8iar. 1'nllrd Mint ltnnlt. A friend has placed in our hands the following original copy of a circular addressed to the Governor of this State by Uobt Morris, Esq., ono of the illustrious signers of tho Declaration of Independence, and the mont distinguished financier then in America, in behalf of tho Bank of North America, chartered by tho Congress of tho Confederacy, It will bo seen that this illustrious patriot takes strong grounds in favor of a National Bank, and present in a brief, clear and forcible manner, the most conclusive reasons forcalablishing such an institution. His circular will be read w ith much interest and profit hy tho public at this day, and will sternly rebuke tho pop-injny politicians, who attempt to prejudice the minds of the people against a national Bank by denouncing it as a federal W ing measure. IOhcilar.I OJireof Finance, Jnmutnf $lh, 1782. Sir I have the honor to transmit herewith an ordinance passed hy the United States in Congress as sembled the thirty first day of December L8 1, incorporating the Subscribers lo llio Bank of North America, together with sundry resolutions recommending to tho several States to pass s'uch Laws, as they may judgo necessary for giving the aaul ordinance it full operation. The resolutions of tho twenty sixth of May last, speak so clearly to tho HiiiKs necessary to do cMittiiiiUiua ny mono jaws, (hat I need not cnlarun on them. Should anvthimr more bo found necessary iqton experience, the President and directors will no doubt make suitable ap plications to Congress, or to the States respectively as tho case may require It affords mo irrent satis faction to inform your Excellency that this Bank commenced its operations yesterday, and I am confident that with proper management it will answer tho most sunguiuo expectations of those, who bo-fricnd tho Institution. It will facilitate the management of the Finances of Iho United States: Tho several Slates may when their respective necessities require, and tho abilities of the Ihuk will permit derive occasional advantage and accommodations from it It will atliird to tho individuals of all tho Stales a medium for their intercourse with each other, and for tho payment of Taxes more convenient than tho precious metals and equally safe. It will have a tendency to increase both the internal and external commerce of North America, and undoubtedly will bo infinitely ukcIiiI to all the Traders of overy Stato in tho Union, provided, as I havo already said, it is conducted on tho principles of equity, justice, prudence and economy, Tho present Directors bear characters thnt cannot fail to inspire confidence, and as the Corporation is amenable to tho Laws, Power can neither sanctify any improper conduct nor protect tho guilty. Under a full conviction of these things 1 Ihtter myself that I ah ill aland excused for recommending in the strongest manner this well-meant plnn to all the encouragement nnd protection which your State can give, consistently with wisdom and justice. I have tho honor to bf, with great respect your Excellency's most obedient and humble servnnt, rout, mokius. Ilii Excellency, tho Governor of tho State of North Carolina. Vsm llHrcM ImkIUn ( inrh, Sam. Medarv opens upon us a flood of vmVaritv through tho sluice gates of that political Bower, tho Ohio Statesman, (and had not the decency to send us a copy of his paper containing it,) in consequonco of a simple rcferoneo made by us a few weeks ago to Mr. Van Buren riding in an Knfrlish coach. This L'tigi'jA coach of Van's we are well aware was ft sore matter to S un and his party in times gone by, and it is not at all surprising that a bare allusion to it even at this period, should arouse his morbid sensibilities to the highest pilch. Ho boldly pronounces it to bo a "base falsehood," a slanderous and con temptible fabrication," and adds, in tho chtste and delicate style so eminently characteristic of locofoco-ism tho world over "Tho lowlived scoundrel is in which can now report this story, when it has boon known for over two years to havo been a sheer fulso-hood, is even worse than tho petty larceny mean nest which invented it." When, where, how, wo would inquire wrb this glory proved to bo ft heer falsehood in During the wholo campaign of 1810 wo do not recollect to have seen even an attempt at a refutation. There may havo been, and certainly was, avast amount of filthy slang similar to tho above, uttered hy thelcofoco presses against tho Whigs who made the charge, imt all this went only to convince the pooplo more thoroughly of its truth. Arniu IWa Litrht. .nr. i nr..n in mi. .i tinu'd. n noprneon. on Saturday, June l, Mr. Jamm Hawkins, aged l. to Miss. Mart Vanck, aged lib. ttiulew (ii.) TeL Did their "mother's know they were out?" JULY 26, 1843. WftatiinjflOH nu4 ft ICnuk. Gen. Washington, in a letter addressed to Gover nor Morris, dated Philadelphia, 28th July, 1701, spca-kinnr of the U. S. Bank. savs: "The establishment of public credit is an immense point gained in our National concerns. This, I believo, exceeds tlie expectation of the most san guine among us. And a fate instance, unparalleled in this country, has been oiven of TIIK CONFI DENCE REPOSED IN OUR MEASURES by tho rapidity with which the subscriptions to tho Uank or the U. States were filled. In two hours alter the books were opened by the commissioners, the wnoie numuer oi snares was taken up, and four thou sand more nppiicd lor than were al owed by the in stitution ; besides a number of subscriptions which were vuming on. In a letter to General La Favotrn. dstnd March 1!, I71H, (directly after the Bank was chartered,) ho lunner says; "The last session of Congress has been occupied in additional Arrangements of finance, to cstiihlitih tho public credit and provide for the expenditures of! government" Mi lie laws ot the United States,adap-ted to the public exigencies, are framed with wisdom and moderation, and acquiesced in with cheerfulness." From Iho Baltimore Clipcr. We havo of late heard much of tho course our- sued by that illustriouB patriot, Thomas Jijftrson, wnen rresmem ot tno united Estates, it is a tact well known that when he came into oflico ho found almost overy man in oflico opposed to him. and man v of them had been very abusive of him. trrosslv at tacking his private and political character; some of wnoin, especially ttioso that had travc cd out of the lino of their duly and become active and noisy partisans, he removed, and filled their places with men of good morals and business habits. In this city, tho Cotlertor, Nwnl Officer, Surveyor, and Postmnsttr, were all federalists, and had voted for there-election of John Adams. Great eflbrts were mado to have them turned out by persons wauling their places ; but Mr. Jefferson reluscd to do it, alleging they had a right to vote for Mr. Atlanis in preference to him; and, as they were good officers, should not he disturbed. The three first remained in oflico until death removed them, and tho last, tho Postmaster, was removed during tho administration of Mr. Mudi-son, not on account of political preferences, but upon tho rotation principle, ho having been in office more than Bixtecn years. In tho 4th vol. of Jefferson's Memoirs, page 110, will bo found a letter written by Mr. Jelferson to Levi Lincoln, father of the present collector of Boston. Mr. Lincoln, as well as tho collector, were always known as Democrats of the Jefferson school. The elder Mr. Lincoln was appointed Attorney General by Mr. Jeflerson in 1801. Mr. Jeflerson Bays: " Washinoton, March 23, 1808. To frfet Lincoln : Dear Sir: Your letter on tho subject of Mr. Lee came safely to hand. You know our principles render federalists in oflico safe, if Uiey do not employ their influence in opposing the government, but only give their veto according to their conscience, And this principle we act on us well with those put in oiiice ny oliiura, as by ourselves. A DEMOCRAT OF m Tho Cincinnati Chronicle of the 28th contains a short but most interesting biogrnphy of Mart Craig, the heroine wife of an Ohio Pioneer. They came to uncmnuu in ir:f-:ai, and lived a snort d is binco from the tort where her husband died. But we will give an example ol her quiet bravery, in the words of the writer: "Before the loss of her husband, Mary had frequency, in times of more imminent danger, retired witn linn into tno garrison, but in her bereaved con dition, her lonely and wuunded heart could not brook the boisterous mirth and constant confusion to which she must there ho exosed. The feeling heart seeks solitude in affliction. She therefore remains with her babes in her cabin. In vain did her neighbors depict the danger of massacre from tho Indians. She knew not what feor was. Her trust was in that (od who alone could protect her and her little ones, Fur her children she provided a bed under tho pun cheon floor of tho httlo cabin, in a small hole usu ally prepared by the first settlers to preserve veceta bles in winter from frost Here, every night wtck niter wock, would she place her children, nlur put ting them to Bleep, while she watched through the chinks of tho cabin, during the greater part of each nigoi, inn opproucn oi uie savages, l lie plan was, if the Indians entered at tho door, to fly out at tho other ami give the alarm at the garrison, before her children would bo found in their concealment under the floor. Often, thus watching, she saw the Indians enter tho little settlement traverso the grounds in mv vicinity tn iim uiuck iiuuse,nomeiinies inev came to nor very door, but never did they enter. Horses were stolen, settlers were killed and taken prisoners, Mary and her babes were protected. Delicate as a flower, and with all the tender sensibility of the most feeling heart, it was tho fuith of the Christian which sustained her under all those trials, and enabled her to triumph over all fear. There, dav after day, might nave oeen neara. in that mdo hut Marv's soft voice. rendered plaintive and melancholy by her lonely vuiumiuii, iiyininng nor lavontc rsaim. Mr. Adams. The Hon. John Quincv Adnms was on Thursday, at Saratoga Springs. 1'ho Sara toga Sentinel ol (hat day says: "The venerable Ex-President, notwithstanding his advanced age, is a man of remarkable mental and bodily powers On lus arrival hy tho Tuesday evening cars, after a jaunt that would have tired out any other mnn of his years, he declined taking a scot in uie carriage lor union Hall, but alter seeing the iiuiica oi nis party provided lor. walked o f with a quick and firm step to his quarters. He rises with tho lark. The nun never shines while ho is in bed, u nc is ouic to leave it H A large number of visitants and citizens called upon Air. Adams this morning, who received them with true INew hngland courtesy and cordiality. All were gratified at tho opportunity afforded of taking by the hand, and holding personal intercourse with, tlie veteran patriot and statesman. In the af ternoon ho visited tho Bitllo Ground in tho town of Saratoga, the theatre ot one of tho proudest and most important victories that signalized tho Revolution. A Mistake Rectified. The following and aim. ilar paragraphs are "going the rounds" of the press: "Hon. Nath'l B. Borden, lain member of Congress, wno was supposed to be worth fi7.,(HX), has lost it is said, all his property, by the luto fire at Full River."We aro happy to havo it in our power to contradict this assert lun, upon undoubted authority. Mr. Hordeu was the greatest loser hy the lato disaster in the place of his residence, yet ho did not lose anything liko tho sum mated. Hit losses amount to something like c.VMH. With that indomil vide energy which characterises men of his stamp, Mr. Borden is already taking steps to repair his fortunes, "'hi pressus,ulussurn'it,n is tho true Yankee mottis and it is finely exemplified in this cayp, Mr. Borden owns a large tract of the most valuable part of tho burnt district and has al-rtntltf commenced ihe erection of buildings thereupon. A. Y, Erpress. The Learm'.o Blacksmith In tho settlement of a caso at Bangor, relative to an estate in St. Thomas, a document was produced as evidenco, which was written in Danish, and contained 40 fools-cap pages, but there was none who could translate it. It wns sent to Mr. Btirrilt, of Worcester, known as the learned Illacksuiith, who returned a translation of it, which is spoken of very highly by the editor of tho Whig. In a letter, Mr. B. remarks that the translation cost him twelve dnyshard labor, for which he presumed tho sum of $18 would not be an unreasonable compensation, as that would bu "about what any other blacksmith would charge, provided i he could do it with hu minor and tonga." The Mail Ronni:ar nr 18 1'l Persons who lost money by the robbery of the mail on the Hth February, 18 t'j, in its passage from Wheeling to Baltimore, are informed thnt llio sums retained by tho District Court of the United States in Maryland, and not particularly identified, will be distributed pro rata. An advertisement to that effect appears in the Baltimore Amur ican. The hard money currency is in 'full tide of experiment' in Illinois. No Banks no rag currency manufactories in that State, tho full fruition of hard money principle is exemplified without alloy. Corn if selling at eight cents a bushel at Springfield, tho seat ol government this is hard money times. The money is hard when you get it, nnd luud to gd. Ihnville Rrjiorter. Mexico. Tho Picayune has papers by the Rochester, which state that tho now Constitution was sworn in at the city of Mexico on tho lltth June, tho birth-day of Snnta Ana, Great discontent exists, and a revolution is confidently expected. The Texan prisoners were not yet released. General Pena was arrested immediately on his arrival tt Tampico and aenl to t dungeoiu From iho Zauviville Uuzeiic. 91! HI!; IX A ClIlKCIK TABD. 'Ti midnight, and iho shaded earth ti tranquil and wrens, And l)dtkiicu from bur mighty diroue, sin brooding o'er iho cenej While bilcnre holds within her armithoieitiapetof voiceless thought, For which dio human breast as yet, no answering lone batli caught 'Tis midnight, and with these around, I seek with noiseless nvnd The halls where all of earlh must go when life's short day is tied y To muse almve the sunken graves, and hid affection roll Ueck to ihtir Ibmils those sparkling tides die memories of Uie soul ! Above my head the (leery rlonds, piled in von azure sky, Like rorks of pearl 'mid waters blue, mngmlieenily lie While from tx-netuh each jutting crng Ihe tars are glancing bright, And half iho canopy is fringed with Dian's silver light Tht forest seems a towering wall, stretched ia the distanea dim, Between me and the far-ofT West stow moves each fiaul limb: B The river murmurs hy my side, as with its stream it laves i no snores oi tins neglected spoi in is gloomy place of graves ! 'Tis solemn ! solemn as the snm? the winds are weaving nnw. As with their tilful, broken sighs, I hey linger on my brow, At suth an hour in surh a ray us light earh gleaming stone, uwaiiuer uiro uiesourear courts, witu natures sell, alone! The long grass rustles 'aeath my feet tlw drooping willow fiends, And shakes itseonslant tears of dew above departed friends ; Oh, fail lil ui mourner! would, like it, when all are hushed in sleep, Abovo the ones who ueterran wake, I might forever weep! Around me lio a baud of those with whom as some young villi;, Its tendrils, in my boyhood's morn, this heart has loved to twine ; Hut each fond hope thai clung to (hem, has been too early riven, And now, can only grasp tho air, or point their course lo heaven 1 Beneath yon sod long, long hath lain my angel mother's form, A pure, lair niossom, crushed (o earth by fate's unsparing storm V While on her bniom lies a bud thai srarce began lo bloom Hcfore it closed ils liny leaves, and laded iu the lomb ! Hero are the matron and tlie maid, the gray-hxired and the VUUIIB Tho siroiig of hand tho high of soul iht eloquent of tongue The gentle, and tho beautiful Death's sceptre spared ihcm not, Hut all were called to pais away to dun and bo forgot! The stars may shine in splendor on- -die moon may light Iho The winds may whisper lo the leaves, or speed along iho Tho spring may go with rosy smiles, and summer deck the plain nut uiou) wno snared them once with me can never com ng.-iin ! They cannot Mess mc with their Joy carh free and happy lOIIH No longer greets mo as in days, gone like their presence gone! Their music nnd ibeir melody havo sadly died away Their spirits sought a fuirer home, thun this of changing clay ! Then will I leave them tn Ihrir resl those generations past Willi the wide arched kkicbaUive them, und lite ever-tvuihug With the marble and the epiiaph, which must crumble and dt-)iirl Ere lite token love has graved thereon lias vanished from tho heart ! Putnam, June, 1(113. D. T. C. A PMAIj.TI OP LIFU. What Ihe heart of the ymng mm said to the Ft atmitt. SIT H. W. I.OSGKILLOW. Tell mo not, in mournful numbers, l.ilc is bnl an einpiy dream For the soul is dead thai similiters, And things are not what they seem. Life is real ! Life is earnest ! And ihe grave is nol its grnil j Put ifmu art, lo dull n-luruul, Wu not spoken of the soul. Nol enjoyment, nnd not sorrow, 1 our deitined end or wuy j Hul to art thitt earh ln-mirrow Find us further lhau lu-day. Art is long, and Time is fleeting, Ami our ht-nru, though stout and brave, Hull, like mullled druiiM, are healing Funeral marches lo tho giave. In the world's broad fiVfd of halite, lu the bivouac of tile, He not like dumb, driven cattle ! He a hero iu the strife ! Tout no Future, howe'rr pleasani! It Ihe dead nasi bury ils dad ! Ad art in ihe living I 'resent ! Heart wuliiii and Uod o'er head! Lives of great men all remind us We ran make our lites sublime, And, ih-inriuig. leave Ix-hiud us Footsteps un Uie sauds oi Uiue ( FooMrps thnt perhaps another, Ruling o'er Life's solemn iniiin, A forlorn ami shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall lake heart again. Let in, then, be up and doing, Willi a heart fur My fn Still achieving, slill purniiiiig, Learn to lubor anu to wail. Dr. I.nrdsiera lire In re on the nss No apology is necessary for the apace wo devoto to the notice of tho Lectures of this eminent professor. Some uf or readers nmy doubt some of tho positions assumed by him in relation to the physical structure of tho moon ; but all will admire the di-datic simplicity with which his views are announced and illustrated. The Moon, he said, was a body of very small magnitude as compared with many of the members of the solar system ; but was, to tho dwellers on our planet, an object of greater interest than any other tho Sun, alono, excepted by reason of its proximityits relations lo ttio earlh, its iniortaiico to the theory of gravitation and its various supposed and real influences upon our globe. The object of tho astronomer was to ascertain and establish facts ; and in pursuit of tins object, many erroneous no-lions and ridiculous aueratitiuna in relation to the Moon and its imaginary influences had been dispelled.Tho Moon moved round tho earlh in an orbit nearly circular, as was apparent from tho fuct Unit her sis remained tho same tho wholo time. Tho distance ot the Moon had been ascertained by the usual mathematical methods which are familiar to all such as had occasion to ascertain the d la- Unco of inaccessible objects. There wore two ways of measuring distances ono was tlie mechanical mode, that is, an application of tlie mcasuro to tho thing measured aa any body can see done by a dry goods' man, every timo ho measures off a yard of cloth ; another was by an application of doctrine of ratios. To illustrate what tint last meant, he supposed it desirable to find the distance, for example, of a lamp in front of the stage, which should be considered inaccessible. Tho wuy to ascertain this distance, by the latter mode ment ioned, would be to observe it from tho two extromiiiea of tho front of tho staRO. Tho length of this front is susceptible of ad meai are 1 1 lent by mechanical means, and its lend lb being once ascorlnincd, tho two observations of the lamp would show the proportion between iu ditancn and the length of tho stngo front In this way are obtained most of tho loinr distances nn ihn earth' surface. In this way tho distances of tho heavenly bodies aro established. A measure on tho eartla surfneo hiving been once ascertained tho distances of the other bodies can bo shown to bear ft fixed and definite ratio of it, ihese distances are usually measured bv diame ters of tlie earth, and in astronomical language, tho Moon is said to ho lit) diameters distaneo from our Globe, or J 10,000 miles; nor narth'. di.mrtor being B000. Tim iliatnnca bump known, Uicre i. very oay y of ucertniniug iim (IiiiihIit. To deter-imne Uii, you linve only tn biko . '.ft cent picro, in inch .crow. Hold it bofuro your eye, it such iln-Uinco ti thnt it will exactly covor tlio Atnnn'. dim and nn more. Tin" dintnncn will be found to bo IU fiuL Now, IU foot or VM inches ia to one inch, the 3 liitt picco't diameter, mi i. tho diatiuicc of the moon to nor uiainoter: u l.v i. to one. n u 10.- 000 to ttio arawor. Tho di.iiioter of tin) coin, i. a hundred and twentieth part of it. diitanco, and tho diameter of the Moon la a l'JOlll part of lior diaunco, or XK) mile. Of the nhvaical condition of the Mnnn. it mnr ha remarked, that alio haa no light of herown,tliohnlo of tho light with which alio ia aupnlied, boiiitf fur-niahed by tlie Nun. Her lineamenla alwaya prearnt the Mine apiiearancc. They r unchanged. The aamo confirmation, now prenented to tho eyo nf an observer on tho earth, havo alwavi bcon preented. Tho "nun in tho Moon" ia an old aayinfr. Ilia aito no anapo wero aacortamed centunea airo, and V old grnl Ionian haa not changed a whit in tho interval. Tina llniwa, that tho Mnon alwaya keeiia lh. aamo face toward lis, and of con mo, cannot bo accused of wearing two facce. Again, th. Moon haa no atmoaphnre. Thia position ia now pietty well eatahliahed. On. tnoana nf o doing haa been by observation of tlie occuluition of star, by this body, It ia a known principle of op NUMBER 48. tica, that light passing through media of diflorcnt density will be refracted or bent out of a atraight lino. Thia may be shown by a very simple experiment, which ia lamiliar to every school boy. Take an empty mug, and place in the bottom of it a piece of coin. Now, station the eye at such a point obliquely from and above tho vessel, as shall allow the edgo of '' VB"1 1" intercept and prevent a view of tho coin. 1 lion, keeping the eye fixed at this point, let water be poured into Uie vessel. Immediately, the object, hitherto hidden, becomes apparent to tho oye, although tlie place of the oyo remains unchanged. Now, this result follows from the fact, that the rays ot light sent off from Uie coin, which, while tho vessel waa empty, atruck upon and wero intercepted by the edge ol tho vessel, are, after the water is poured in, bont in a direction more inclined to Uio perpindicular, than before, and when they emerge Irom tho surface of the water, come out at a point which is visible to Uio eve. Now. to nnl ti,,. T.r.n. ciple on occasions of occultations by tho Moon of a star: If the Moon were furnished with an atmosphere, a star, though actually behind the Moon or below its edge, would be visible, forasmuch as the rays from it being bont out of their course by the atmosphere, would, as it were, shine over the edgo. But no such phenomenon is presented. The most accurate observations have been made; the time of tho star's appulse or first contact with the Moon has ' been noted, the time of its disappearance and tho moment of its reanncarance from behind iim Mnnn. and the result is, that it has been fully ascertained, that the star disappears at the very moment of its appnlso, and reappears at the very moment thut Uiu edgo of the Moon's substanco is removed from between it and the eyo of the spectator. These observations prove Uiat the Moon has no atmosphere j or, if it havo any, Uien, that it is not in volume so great, by a thousand times, as Uie one which siirrniiml.niii- earth, or is ccpiully tenuous and inconsiderable with that which is left in an axhausted Receiver, and which, ior an taniuy purposes, may be regarded an next to nottiing. tias uie Moon umltrl If yea, then Ihoro would bo evaporation, and evavoration, greatly more rapid und enormous, from the absence of air. The vapor thua raised would refract light, but it has been seen that Uierc is no refraction. Consequently it may bu set down with certainty that Uio Moon has no water, and probably no fluid of any kind. The Moon is without air, water, vapors, or liquids. U ia a hard and sterile orb, to all appearance unliitcd to support Uie organization and growth, ciUier animal or vegetable, which aro tamiliar to us. Tho Moon has tho light whicli it borrows from the Sun and the proportion of that light as compared with the sun light, may bo judged of by Uie ,,.-, ii-iu mm ii me wooie iirmainent were one enormous Moon, the light would then only equal that uf the Sun. Muon-light has been supposed to be cold and putrescent. l)y experiments with the ditleren-tial thermometer, ono degrco of which is equal to only a 500th of ono of Fahrenheit and which of course is a most exquisitely delicate test, it has been found that Uie Moon-light has no warmth. And, moreover, there is nothing to support Uie notion that it is cold. All telescopic observations show that Uie Moon lias an exceedingly broken and rugged surlaco. Iu mountains and cavities hove been measured. Somo of each of those havo been found to be from a milu and a half to two miles high or deep. This height is relatively greater than Uiatof Uie mountains en tho earth a aurface. That tho Moon displays tlie evidences of immoniu volcanic action, at some timo, there is little doubt. Ulloa, Deccario,Katcrand Ilorschel have professed to find the signs of volcanoes in the Moon yet activo, during solar eclipses. Uright spots have been described, it is said, on Uio Moon's darkened face at such times. Theao havo been explained on two olh-cr suppositions. One of those, laughable as it may appear, is thut there are holet through and through tho Aloon, and Uiat it is the Kun's light which is seen through tho holes ! AnoUier is, that tho light seen is tho reflection of rays from Uie earth, caught by and sent back from prominent points on Uio Moon's surface. To Uiis last supposition Uiere is Uiia fatal objection that these lighu once aeen would be al-ways visible, crtmi panlnu ; but such is not Uie fact. As to Uie holes through the body of the Moon, every body can make up his own mind about it as he saw fit. To the theory of present volcanic action, it may bo rejected that air wculd K required to support it Hut thia objection has no fore ImpiUined gaaea in Uie scats of volcanic action may bo reloascd in vacuo, as it is known Uiat gunpowder will explode under the same circumstances. The thiwir r tive volcanoes ia not, however, generally accredited. la Uie Moon inhabited Thia question may be answered, by asking, how is it possible to Bus la in either animal or vegetable life, where Uiore is neithor air nor water! and where, from Uio absence of air, tho "im ub (fiiuiisv anu insupportaoie to adogren never felt even on the anow capped aununiu of Iho ......... i v,u u uu .upposcu uiat plunu can thrive, and the inferior animals and man flourish, whom thcro ia not a breath of air, or a drop of water, or a partclo of gonial warmth known? where no sound can bo heard; no voice mado audible, and no language spoken? No: auch beings as exist on our earth, wiiuld instantly perish if transported to the Moon, terms of lite unknown to us, may xit there, but if so, those furms are such as hove no archetypes on earth. All ideas of such existence aie beyond the reach of our conceptions. To us, tho Moon would seem deeolsto andaccursed ; a Biihere rolling on in brightneaa, it ia trao, but without warmth or life, or any of Uie genial influences and sccesao. nos, which impart so great a charm to a residence on our earth. There, all is silent and dumb j a dreary and nionolonoua creation, with not only noUiing to atir, and noUiing to enliven, but with no mind lo bo stirred, and no heart to be enlivened. And tins wan iU fato for centuries on centuries, presenting an imago of an oternity of dusolaUon, tho very idea of which waa oppressive. Has Uie Moon influences on our earth ? floes it affect the woaUier ? Fanners and sailors,nd many acionlihc men Uiought so. It waa an old prejudice, but an unfounded ono. Science taught no auch thing and obacrvauon disproved iu Observations for 1 00 yesrs in succession, had shown, that out of ! changes in the moon, Uicre had been tti instances of changes in Uie weather, and 13 wherein it did not change j out of US other changes, it appeared that thoro had been (M instance, of change, in Uie weather, and (l where Uiore had been no change. Ho it followed, Uiat Uie woaUier waa juat as likely not chango aa to change, with change, in Uie Moon. It had boon, and waa even now, conceived Uiat Uio Moon had aome effect on iusane people. l)r. (Jlber. had eddressod himself to Uie enquiry, and upon com-parisnn of paroxysms of madness wiUi Uie change, in tho Moon, was satisliod that there wu no coniwclion. let Lumn, is an established word, .ven in law technics, to signify mental derangement. . And lu-nacy haa its etymoloy in Uie Moon. Hrnaoriioia.A writer in the National Intelli-gencer denies the efhWv nf il.. .iij...i . Hydrophobia which haa been going the rounds for some weeks. It consisted, aa our reader, will recollect, in oieniug th. pustules, which wero said al- " I he means used or tho writer of ik. ....-i ' :. question are not unknnwn to tho pnifumion, either in Una country or fcurope. They have been considered, put in practice, and fniiml I ' ' , , - - ri' w ""y, unsuc- ceaalul, ff not altogether worthless. Thov weia presented to tho Medico l'hysic.l Society of Jlos- ft ' .'i M,Ch! ""'""' "i. "ere commui. oatnd fr tho consideration of the medical public in this country by Dr. Han,uel L. Mitchell. Many En-glish practitioners havo boen nn.hl i .;. '. .u. occurrence of Uie singular tumors spoken of in Ihn ii I 7 Tr"- w,,icn "ii, they havo bi-en narticu ar v n,i .n. -..i. i ' ing detected, which proves thoy do not alwars occur. In t ranee much ohaervalion haa been'nwun mating the efficacy of Dr. Marachetti's prevent",', measure.. M. M,g,., f , province of (iuieim., round the puBtulea to exist in many cun under Ins observation. 1 o treated ton caws exactly , confonniiy In this plan of Marachetti, and in nv, of them Ilydrophohia uccurrdo, and doath followed." Thoro are. in th. !T,,.i u...... , .7 towns and villages named art or Ki-IWIml Washington) .1 counties and 14 towns afterKx-I'n-anient Adams j IS counties and SI towns after Jefferson i U counties and :U town, ,ftcr Mwl, 4 cnu.itio, s,H4 town. ,IW Monroe , 6 counties a, l . . .... ,or jackaon; 3 counties and 1.1 towna after sn Buren; and 4 counties and towns after llarriaon. In addition to Una there are ,e. ana iw ns named alter nur moat ilia-inguished statesmen and soldiers. In Michigan e havo eoumies and towna named after Monroe, J,, k-son, an Huron, Casa, Calhoun, Wayne, Maromli, ( linion, Livingston. Berrien, and ll.,r l.,... fYrti"rs. " " '- Nk w Yon, T..-Th. Comptroller of N. York asks for the sum of $'1,177,000 to carrv on the cuv t.ovornment. Th. tsx thus proposed to b. laid i 0110 hundred and forty thouaand dollars more th o as laid last year. Loco gam !

WEEK LY OB RNAL. 0 STATE VOLUME XXXIII. fUBUHHKl) KVKKV WEDNESDAY, II V CIIAHL.KW HCUTT. Office corner of High and Town treed, Buttles' Building. TERMS, Three Piuxari tr annum, whirh msy be flischnrr-cd by iliu payment of Two Dullara and Fifty (Jcntii in advance, at ihn ullico. Tlie Jourual U alio published dnily during the aoision o the l'Vfiilatiiro and thrice a week the remiiiiiuYr or (he year for $h ; and three limo a week, yearly, Tor $. THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 20, 143. The Mub-Trcirr By the following resolution, adapted at the Loco-foco Convention to nominato a candidate fur Con- press in tho fifth district, it will be seen that the Sub Treasury is to bo dug up from the depths in which it was buried in 1610: "Resolved, That we approve of tho Independent Treasury system, as originated and explained by Martin Van liuren, and behevo it is tlie only consti tutional and safe wuy for the collection, safe-keeping and disbursement of the public revenue." This is well enough. This moasure, called "The Great Measure of Mr. Van Huron's Administration," is the only measure, the only movement in statesman ship, with which his name and fume are identified we mean, as President ; aa one elected not merely to "follow in tho old footsteps of his illustrious pre-dcccsHsr," but to distinguish himself and his Admin istration by the embodiment of tho principles of his party into positive law, according to the rule that a majority must govern. This the Independent Irca- sury eflects. The "illustrious predecessor," when Mr. Henton had, "solitary and alone, set the ball in motion that was to crush Banks and Credit, and "revolutionize the currency" by tho banishment of nl paper, added tho weight of his authority and counsel, and pushed on the truin of measures as fast as possible to their consummation, tho period of which fell within the timo of Mr. Van Buren a first four years. Accordingly, the financial substitute tho mcasuro which was to complete the work, and to prepare tho way for which (according to Mr. Benton himself) the Hank explosion of 18(7, with its devastating influence upon men and business, was brought about by tho two Administrations j this measure, we say, was timely urged by Mr. Van Buren. It was, finally, through a gross outrage upon a sovereign Ktate, adopted, and touk the form of law. But it has full on. The Inborn of ten long years arc fruitless save of the wreck and ruin which they have brought upon the country and the people individually. We wonder not that uttcmpts should be mado to revive it, by thoso who have acted from principle in their war upon ciurcncy and credit, mid who still, in tho madness of following out the abstractions of theory, against tho lights of observation and experience, regurd tho eMtriblinhuiont of an exclusively metullic currency as indispensable to the welfare of the people; our only wonder is,tlmtanyshnuldyetbc found advocating such ft system of currency or, as has been said by themselves, "revolution of the currency" nfter tlie experience we have hud. But so it is. The scheme hus never been abnndoncd. The Locofoco party has no other great nucleus around which to concentrate. Free trade, with its attendants, direct taxation, ha vo not tlie same universal ity : for even in ttouiruuna their party has preserved itself by advocating the protection of the sugar interest, for the benefit alike of that and tho colon interest as, if tho sugar interest were not sustained, producers of cotton would bo multiplied, and the price of that article consequently reduced. Tho same convention that passed the above resolution, also adopted others consisting with the genera) plan, namely, in approbation of tho currency measures of the legislature, individual liability to the fullest extent, Murtin Van Buren, &c. Sinco tho foregoing was written, wo havo received the Cincinnati Enquirer, containing a call for a meeting of the friends of Mr. Van Buren and his measures, from which wo make the following extract: "Mr. Van Buren went down in 1H 10, before the combination of faction and of fraud that so imposed upon tho public credulity, and seized the reins of power only to violate every promise, and introduco every corruption. He went down, hut with tlie Hug of true principles flying at the mast head, firm amid faithlessness pure amid.-tt perfidy ! He went down, and with him the crrit measure of safety and deliverance TIIK INDKPENDKNT TKKASUHY! Khali he not rise again with the tremendous revolution of opinion among a just pooplo, who have learned by bitter experience, that only by a strict adherence to the Constitution and the principles of Jefferson, Jackson, and Van Buren, can they find protection and security for their interests and liberties! What triumph to restore the measures of Van Buren with the man that conceived them! What a vindication of the elective franchise ! of self-government ! of democratic supremacy I Wo protest that we should enter tho campaign for Mr. Van Buren with a degree of cnthuxiuoii as unbounded as our love for country, and as unfaltering as our faith in the intelligence and justice of tho people 1 Not to iiominato him now is to deny turn! Not to rear airain the standard of IrilO, and rally around it the good and tho true, is to admit that Democracy was then riliteounly overthrown. Wo speok to men who went through tho struggle of thnt year ; and to i those who are now thoroughly convinced (hat their confidence was betrayed ami their hopes descried by tho onetnv, shnll wo ho guilty of tins deport ion and ingratitude? Shall wo consent to this shameful admission and abandonment of what we know to be just, on account of any suggestions of expediency ?" Mr. Hi d(( !' laMphlrl. Tlie Statesman alludes to a quotation from Gen. Jackson's messngo in 1KW, which appears in Mr. 11 ulg way's pamphlet, and calls upon that gentleman to explain why, in his extract, (in which Gen. Jack-: son defines the power of the General Government to j lay duties,) tho words "identified with" are aubslitti-ted for "incidental to." Wo have not seen Mr. Ridg i way, and suppose he, and very properly, considers it a matter of li'.tle imtortanco as to what are the pro-, cise terms used in a easo in which the sense is clear j and cannot possibly be id is taken. The Statesman is i correct as to the reading of the passage in tlie Congressional documents; but wo should like very much to seo an attempt to make anything out of tho passage aa it appears in tho documents different from that made from tho same passage as it appears in the pamphlet. In collection ut President's Mes sages, published hy Edward Wulker, 112 Kulton street, New York, IHll.tho mestuge is printed as it is quoted in tho pamphlet This is a very respectable authority ; and is, besides, in perfect agreement with tho manifest sense of tho piissago and design of its author. Thcro ii nothing, in tho change of words, to mislead any one ; and it is, therefore, of litlto consequence which version be the correct one. Mr. rUhrr Hpcrrhj lh Tariff. This admirablo speech, delivered in tho Hoiiso last winter, and highly commended throughout tho State, has been reprinted in pamphlet form, and is for aalo at tho office of tho Stato Jouniul, at two dollars per hundred, or fifteen dollars per thousand. A corresxmdent of the Cincinnati Gazette, who iigns himself a A It hp Liii.it; an n (!) seems to be annoyed by somo act of ours: but his complaint is entirely too enigmatical for us. Whenever ho may chnoHO to bring himself within our comprehension, wo will respond with great cheerfulness. In tho nieautimo, wo would take tho liberty ot advising this Republican " to study tho fablo of tho jack -daw among tho pea fowls. Tho Democracy of the Congressional District composed of the counties of Franklin, Licking, and Knox nominated, on lost Saturday, IIknun A. Monar, Ktq. They hit Uon the right man. Mc-Nultyof Kuoxtud Taylor f Licking were candidates. A most excellent selection in this instance." We copy the above from the Hillsborough Gnxette, Ioco, It is intended for ft cut at McNulty and Taylor, whose principles and management prevailed in the legislation of last winter. This ia not very con-uling to tlnwo gentlemen, nor very encouraging to their friends, who are called upon to unite on t man who was their rival, and who is thus indicated to be one Uit odor of whoso Democracy ia not altogether the same as theirs ! 05 By tho following resolution, adopted at tho Johnstown convention, it seems the members of that body still adhere to the bcliof that there is too much of real Democracy in tho practice of allowing each Congressional district to select a delegate to a National Convention for the nomination of a candidate for President if that were allowed, aome districts might send a. delegate with instructions to voto for somo one other than Van Buren, and even one voto lost from Ohio might decide his fate! Remitted, That Ohio has always appointed delegates to the Presidential Convention at a State Convention boldcn in Columbus on the tith of January' of every fourth year, and that having heard no good reasons assigned for a change, and as tho manner of appointing delegates has been widely discussed, we do not hesitate to name that as the mode. urtb IUlrici, At the Convention which nominated Gov. Vance for Congress, the following resolutions were adopted. They speak the sentiments of tho Whigs of Ohio; and tho last one points out both tho indiapensuble and the certain means of success : Resolved, That the Whigs of the Fourth Congressional District of Ohio, fully impressed with the importance of the coming election, will unite with their brethren throughout the State, in another effort to redeem tho State from the hands of the spoilers, by rallying to the polls in all their strength on the second Tuesday of October next. Resolved, That the legislation of last winter hns proved detrimental to the best interests of the Suite has increased the embarrass men is under which our people aro laboring and if persevered in will ultimately lead to bankruptcy and ruin; one that all good men are called upon to sink party differences and unite in tlie support of those measures which aro designed to restore prosperity to tlie people and tho country. Resolved, That, as Whigs, we are in favor of a safe, sound, and permanent banking system, whose issues aro convertible into specie on demand, and which will bu equal to the business purposes of tho State and the people ; that experience has demonstrated tho utility of such a system ; and that without it, we must come down to tho wages and prices of tho specie standard. Itcsolvtd, That the Whigs of this Congressional District enteitaiu undiminished confidence in the distinguished talents, practicn) judgment, mid devoted patriotism of I1KNRY CLAY, of Kentucky; that we view his long and urduous services with the highest admiration und reward, and recognize in him tho true exponent of our principles; that his unceasing efforts to carry out those principles, is a sure guaranty thst ho w ill never desert the cause to whic h ho is attached ; und Hint m his election to tlie hiL'IiPHt office in the gitl of the American People, we build our hopes and prospects of future prosperity and great nets. Unwind, That it bo recommended to the Whigs of this Congressional District, at once to adopt measures fur a thorough organization of each county, township, nnd school district, as a means of success at the coming election ; and that every effort bo mmle to ensure a full attendance at tho polls on tho second Tuesday of October next. Ainrrlran I'rittia. The following, from llio New York Tribune, makes reference to a firm winch has an advertisement in our columns, and to which we take this occasion to invite the attention of dealers, and individuals friend ly to the encouragement and support of domestic industry and enterprise: Amtrican PnitfTKn CMcors. Our own Print ers, from small and imperfect beginners, have ar rived at extraordinary perfection, in producing this article. No Printers in the world can now equal them in beauty and permanence of color. The im portation ut ttio article is almost entirely abandoned, while tho exportation is going on to & considerable extent Tho quantity of Calicoes printed in this country is now estimated at 100,000 nieces, or a,:k0,000 yards per week; and such is the extent of the trade in these goods that they aro beginning to form a distinct and aepnra'o branch of business, and ft largo warehouse lias been opened in rear! street, y Messrs. Leo & Brows tor, as will bo seen by referring to our advertising columns, for the purpose ot dealing in this article exclusively ; and the proprietors state to us that thouirh they would irladlv improve their as sortment by adding any foreign prints which might bo iesirabie, el that the market aiiords tew or noiio oi that character. Their assortment, without the aid of foreign goods, amounts to near 1000 different patterns and colorings. .No less than UU.000 packtgos ot various domestic cotton goods have been sold within a few days tor export to China, and a considerable quantity have been shipped to England. (ty For the honor of human nature, tlie country, Pittsburgh, and the individuals named, wo hope there may be some mistake in tho facts stated below, tho liko of which, in a civilized and Christian community, scorn incredible. We copy from the Philadelphia Forum : Tnr. Dkath or a WAsnr.nER. Hugh Hooncy reached Pittsburgh last Saturday, having walked from Brownsville, and tmk refuge in a stable, complaining of illness and fat i cue. Tho overseer of the poor was called ujwn. Jtmes Mc henna by name, who refused to remove linn to the poor homo, al though tho gratuitous use of ft wagon was tendered lor the purno. roor Kooney remained till 31 on lay mormmr, when, in uttemntmir to walk from tho Htahlo to a hydrant, ho slnggered, fell, and in a short tune expired! McKenna then procured a man, says the Spirit of tho Aire, named James Ihmill.to inter tho dead. Procuring a few ynriU of muslin, tho Overseer put a part of it around the body, without removing tho clothes, or cleansing it from tho tilth, and James Hainill placed it in the rude box prepared for tho occasion, which, heing too small, tho decea sed being rather corpulent, tho In) would not tit, whereupon Ilatmll jiuhh-i iiwm tf until ho was enabled to fasten it securely! The box was then placed in a wagon and taken to uic pnor-nouso burial ground. Wo siihioin the verdict of tho Coroners itirv. which rxnuiined several witnesses. "Tho inquest upm their solemn oaths, say that tho said Hugh Kooucv came to his deaih by cxrwuro and want ot can1, whilst laboring under tho inlluenta and drop-sey, and not otherwise." 03" Tho !ococ in the Lucas Assembly district havo nominated John W. Walters, onco a member of the f ntiso, fur the Senate ; and Sidney S. Sprague, of Williams, for the House. Q7"(d. U. II. Miller, member of tho Senile last winter, is nominated by his party for next Senator from Belmont and Harrison, in opposition to C. C. Carroll, Whig. 1X7 William Smith is tho Ioco nominee for tho House in Knox. Bit ii! Tho Locofoen war in the ninth district, between Dr. Olds and his organ, and Col. Medill and his organ. 05 Tho Johnstown Convention wat unanimoiu for Van Buren. Urrrm I r, Ar. Col. Oj.hsti:ii, of tho City House, ia serving up tlie above, and all tho luxuries of the season. Ib.prtHATiorc. Tho following passage on tho imjHirtance of maintaining iuvloluto the public fuith, was written yuan ago by (hat stem old patriot of other and better days, Fisher Ames, His views ire those of overy honest man in the community, ami wo commend tlie in to tho repudiating fudrioU everywhere : uTo expatiate on tho vulunof public faith my pass with sortie men for declamation; to such I lutvo nothing to say. To others 1 will uriro can auv circumstance mark tifxiii ft pooplo moru turpitudo ami debasement f Can anything tend more to mako men think themselves mean, or degrade to a lower point their estimation of virtue and their standard of action? It would not merely deinoralan mankind ; it tends to break all tlie liiranieuts of society, to dis solve that mysterious charm Inch attracts individu als to the nation, and to umpire m us stead ft repulsive tense of shame and disgust." IssrreTioM, The in-noctinus of flour in this cily last week amounted to PJ.IdW bhls. nd 757 hf. bins, wheat Hour, and 117 tit) In. rye do. Of tobacco there were insnrrterf l!T;l hhds. : of these Kl worw from Maryland, ! 10 from Ohio, 117 from Kentucky, ;f-frrom M issouri, and Hslpni. The tobacco growers of Ohio begin to find out that Baltimore is tlie best market to which they can send their produce, and our inspection snow that they aro determined to avail themselves of the facilities for shipment Ball. .Suit. Prolroilon. Wo take the following well reasoned and able article from tho Albany American Citizen of Tuesday lost It places in a strong light one of the points of uuiureijce ueiwccn me advocates oi rroieciion anu 4 Freo Trade "falsely so called . The material points of dirlerenco between our opponents and ourselves respecting tho policy of protection are these : lat We contend that it is essentia that all articles of ordinary use should be of home oroduction. that in their manufacture would a large portion of , our industry be most profitably directed, and that however cheaply wo may purchase them elsewhere, it is still cheaper to muko them ourselves. 2d. We contend that protection benefits tho farmer, tlie laborer, and in fact all indiisfjious classes to tho sumo degree, and in like manner with the manufacturer. And Jld. Wo contend tliat it reduces the prices of tho articles protected, and that with it tho avurage will be less tnan under free trade. 1 o which our opponents reply : First. That it is immaterial whore the articles purchased aro made, provided they aro cheaply bought : that ours is naturally a crain irrowin? coun try, in which all may be profitably employed, and that tho surplus of our agricultural products will purchase such articles of manufacture as the wanU ot Ifie country may require. Secondly. That protection creates a monopoly in fiver of tho manufacturer and benefits him alone. And Thirdly. Thnt it taxes tho people needlessly for those articles which their necessities require, and increases tho prico of the articles protected by the same amount as there is a duty imposed. We will devote this paper to the consideration of i our first argument, in connection wiUi our opponent s ropiy. Wo contend that it is important that all articles in common use should be of our own workiiidiiship, fur tho reason that the country is thereby enriched to the full worth of their manufacture. It matters little indeed how great tlie amount of goods wo may use, provided they ore American made, for tlie country then loses only tho coat of tho roio material, which is comparatively trilling, but with foreign goods it is not so ; for every thousand dollars wmth of these wo consume, the country is a thousund dol lars mo poorer. We purchased of British manufacture alnno from lH;l0lo 1H 10 goods to an amount say of R'iOO.OOO.- 000. This amount, startling na it is, falls fur short of tho reality, being only at tho rate of $30,000,000 per annum, which is less limn the real amount im ported during any one of those years. For these goods England now has the money and we havo uo-tltiiiff. U is to tho circumstance of her having fostered her manufactures that Kngland is indebted for her present rank in the scale of nations, Sho believes that ho who changes one dollar's worth of sheep's wool into iivo dollars' worth of cloth, or who converts (me ton of pig iron worth 10 into hard ware worth .i00, enriches himself to tho amount of his earnings, and pursues a policy accordingly. The Knglinh are the wealthiest nulinii in the world, every powur in Europe is indebted to them, and her resources are such that her government, though very lavish in iU expenditures, mid burdened with a national debt sutlicieiit to sink any other people, can command any amount of money and ut the mot favorable rates. But in what arc the resources of Kngland? Not in agriculture for every inch of her soil is needed for the support of her inhabitants. Not in minerals for her mines, except of coal, are comparatively valueless. Not in the fisheries for these ore wanted for her own consumption. Not in the colonies for these are but a bill of expense. So impressed indeed was Nupoleon that it was her man ufachues by winch Kngland was sustained, that he directed his energies mainly against this very point. It whs to curtail hor manufactures that he puxscd (ho Merlin and Milan decrees; and indeed hostility to British goods was tlie secret spring of all his political movements. And Bonaparte had reason for hating England. Sho paid Austria for her opposition Shu gave Prussia a regular price for every soldier in heraruiv. and ItiifMia hIho received from her a monthly stipend tor her hostility to him. Kngland, in fict paiu the larger part of tho expenses of the whole European war. And how was this debt paid? She owes to thoso countries nothing now, but on tho contrary they are all indebted to her. The debt to them was canceled by her manufactures, for which the now owes her own people. But tay our opponents, yoi seo but out of one eye; agriculture is a sourco ot wealth as fruitful aa manufactures. If thoso now engaged in manufacturing should commence tilling the ground wo should have a surplus of grain equally as valuable as our present manufactures, and which wo could exchange tor those of Europe. A moment's reflection will exhibit the fallacy ol this argument and show it, in fuel, to bo utterly without foundation. Let us supKwc ourselves entirely destitute of manufactures, hut with a surplus at the present prices of itOO.OOO,-000 worth of wheat, flour, potatoes, Ate, which wo wihIi to exchange for clothing, hardware, dtc, mid seo how many million dollars worth of theso $.'0,000,000 worth of grain ami Hitatoes England will buy. England being tho great manufacturing country, we mint of course mako the exclmugo with her. Well, then, to begin : our wheat and Hour must bo transported, on the average, one thousand miles to tho seaboard, and from thence three thousand miles inoro over the sea to their declined market Inasmuch as thesn article are quite bulky in comparison to their value, the cot of their transportation to so great a dUtanco inut bo a largo per centage of their wholo value. This transportation wo of course must pay, for their worth in E.ioi.A.in would be their market value. This transportation of grain and flour 4 100 miles, and tho labor of reshipping them from time to time would not bo less than AO per cent, of tlieirorigmal value. Tho farmer, therefore, ftho now receives TiO cents a bushel fur wheat would then realize but U't cents, and where ho now gets At for potatoes, he would then, because of their great bulk, n-ceivo but Is. Nor is this all, Kngland dutn not leriitJ our tigrwuHuriU products, and would not consent to receive them. And furthermore, tho distance prevents our supplying her wants oven though a scarcity should there occur. Their easy uccesa to tho great gram growing region about the Ihllic, forbids any attempt on our part to furnish these articles, and under her pret-ent sliding tariff would almost inevitably result in tho ruin of nil who should make it Thu caso is precisely thin; We mint Icvilc to England mainly for our market but our goods depreciate one-half in reaching there. Un-lurfH we can perHiiudo the Knglixh farmers to engage in somo other business, they have no occasion for our products; and unless wo can pormiado tho English government to alter their tariff for our csjhj-cul accommodation, wo cannot gain them admittance into her (wrts. How tionsenaicul is any argument bused ujhui iho.io. Would it nut be infinitely better and M iser, then, that manufactures and agriculture should grow up and strengthen each other, that in every town there should bo a manufactory and every manufactory surrounded by fields of grain, rather thin bu separated four thousand miles by land and sea, subject to the crutt and selfishness of rival governments, each anxiom to mako tlie beat bargain tor iuelf, and each endeavoring to outwit tho other? Trip ON 0mrrnry tVhrr w ill Ihry be I'nn4f It is a fuct which cannot bo denied, that there exists at this very moment, within the pulo of the Lo-coficu party, a body of men, who abhor its radical-win and destructive tendencies, dexpiso its corrupt and profligate leaders, havo neithor sympathy nor communion with them, and hold imt thu snma political fuith. Aro theso Tyler men? By no means. 'I'h y loath the traitor and all tho Spaniel breed that hark at his bidding for the bones they aro permitted to gut w, with the lush over their heads. Thru bo-hng to tho mangy crew that havo been kirkrd into obedience, and live in daily expectation of being AuMoutl No. Thoy are old, not modern Democrats. Democrats of the times and stamp of Madison and Monroe. Democrats when that party was in its boasted glory, and boasted of ft Vlay as its magnificent and consilient leader, ore tho sky-rocket glaro of Jiicksonism deluded a portion of the party to follow tho Hereof New Orleans, whom they soon found to have surrendered hiuisrlf to their old eno-mies, such as the Walls, the Wilkinses, the Hub-hards, tho Huel Williumscs, tho Uuchanatu, &c. Van Burenism became the stick of tho sky-rocket and went up with it; but, as was anticipated hy many, ho his fallen. Where is tho rocket that can again carry him up, and who will attempt to raise linn? Tho Fox became the pet of tho old Lion; hut ia ho to hold tho place of King of the forest" because he was once the Forest King's pet? Has ho the Lion's roar, that causes all other beasts In tremblo? Has he tho royal mane, and tho majestic pori inai Deapenn one "born to command r No, And tho men of whom wo speak will n'r acknowledge hw sway or right to command. Are they, Uion, to swallow John C. Calhoun and Miih'icuion, becsmn tho nauseous dwto is labeled "Democracy and freo trade?" That they will never do. They havo not forgotten that this is tlie COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, same John C. Calhoun whom they in derision, styled "Cataline Calhoun," and who excited tho Old Lion to roar till the very rocki and hills trembled with affright Wore they to do this tlie Old Hero would appear to them in their sleep, and ring in their ears "NULLIFICATION, NULLIFICATION," till the sweat would stand in beaded drops upon their brows. As to Buchanan he has no strength out of Penn-sylvsniu, and will be cut by Van Buren dead. Cabs has no strength anywhere; Johnson none at tho South, and none except among the "subterranean democracy "the " ground tier " at tho North. Besides, the body of men of whom wo speak, have no sympathy with, or liking for cither of theso men. Where then will they go? More vmnPhuadetphia Forum, Whig Iteirciichinrnt. Under this head it is stated in the N. Y. Evening Post that according to a report made by Mr. Spencer,, Secretary of the Treasury, the annronriations during the year 184i, amounted to $l(J,;i;5)50,J 54, and thanks M his faithfulness fur an cxjhibo not only of tho duplicity but the extravagance of the Into Whig Congress." There is a disingeiiuousness, a paltriness in this deceptive statement, thai Mr. Spencer would once havo scorned. The trick, for it deserves no better name, is thus exposed by the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser: The resolution called for a statement showing " tho amount of appropriations for each year, from the 4th of March JH to tho 4th of .March lPl.'J, exclusive of the public debu ond trust funds." In answer to this call what doos the Secretary produce? Not a statement showing the upgiropriutions for each year, out mo amount ot approp mtion Dills passed in each year, for the expenditure not only of that but also of other years. Thus the appropriations made in tho year from March 4th, IHl'i, to March 4th, 1813, appear to have been but they include tiio expenditures to June oOth 1H-J4 being in fact for moro than two years! The appropriations for 18 U were japVlli-ViW; those fur Irt-:j and down to the UOtli of June lt?44 were lj24,Wi!MKi. But the Secretary, ingeniously substituting tho word in for the word for in his reading of the resolution, puis these two sums together, and sliding to them tho post oflice appropriation, makes M'yXhUOiK and puts this before the country as the Whig expenditure for one year ! Shume on such deception. The IMctM-lnti mid .Hi. Vna II arc it. The Plebeian is Mr. Van Boron's special orcan and mouth piece in this city. It congratulates itself on the extensive notice and consequent notoriety it has obtained, from ils attack on tlie soldiers who fell at Bunker Hill, it must certainly bo admitted that tho character of the Plebeian has become more extensively, but rut her uneiiviubly known, since the Editor came out und boldly denounced the Revolution and ils authors, and called that event which Gen. Washington considered a" the salvation of the country, a mere humbug and disgrace. Mr. Van Ifuren may, after all, bo, htmself, a tho bottom of this movement against h.s own country. It is, perhaps, only a second attempt on his part to disgrace Ins country; having already gained tho Hume kind of notoriety which the Plebeian seems to covet. Ho instructed our minister at the Court of St James to say that hi own country was in the wrong, and Great Britain in the right, in a contro versy then pending; and now, through his official tools, ho may be undertaking lo prove that his countrymen wore all wrong during tho Revolution. "Liko muster, liko man." The Globe endorses and copies tlie slanders of tho Plebeian, and in this acts with its usual fidelity to tho party. The Editor of tho Eveiiintr Post holdB his peaco and gives tho usual elfecttoslanderwhich arises from silent assent. To what depths will not Loco Foe u is ii i sink its victims, when wo see a mnn who is a descendant of the Puritans, standing silent ly by, and hearing his fathers, the associates and fellow-soldiers of Washington, ridiculed and vil-licd, without a word of rebuke, when ho has tho means ellectuully to protect their good name ! Tho Plebeian of itself is utterly without influence, consequence, or circulation, and would excite no notice, except from the fact that it is Mr. Van Huron's organ. In that light the country will consider tho i.x-l'repident resHnsit)lo lor whut it savs, particularly when its course is in accordance with that of its master. A". 1". Erprcss. From the Rah-ih (N. C.) 8iar. 1'nllrd Mint ltnnlt. A friend has placed in our hands the following original copy of a circular addressed to the Governor of this State by Uobt Morris, Esq., ono of the illustrious signers of tho Declaration of Independence, and the mont distinguished financier then in America, in behalf of tho Bank of North America, chartered by tho Congress of tho Confederacy, It will bo seen that this illustrious patriot takes strong grounds in favor of a National Bank, and present in a brief, clear and forcible manner, the most conclusive reasons forcalablishing such an institution. His circular will be read w ith much interest and profit hy tho public at this day, and will sternly rebuke tho pop-injny politicians, who attempt to prejudice the minds of the people against a national Bank by denouncing it as a federal W ing measure. IOhcilar.I OJireof Finance, Jnmutnf $lh, 1782. Sir I have the honor to transmit herewith an ordinance passed hy the United States in Congress as sembled the thirty first day of December L8 1, incorporating the Subscribers lo llio Bank of North America, together with sundry resolutions recommending to tho several States to pass s'uch Laws, as they may judgo necessary for giving the aaul ordinance it full operation. The resolutions of tho twenty sixth of May last, speak so clearly to tho HiiiKs necessary to do cMittiiiiUiua ny mono jaws, (hat I need not cnlarun on them. Should anvthimr more bo found necessary iqton experience, the President and directors will no doubt make suitable ap plications to Congress, or to the States respectively as tho case may require It affords mo irrent satis faction to inform your Excellency that this Bank commenced its operations yesterday, and I am confident that with proper management it will answer tho most sunguiuo expectations of those, who bo-fricnd tho Institution. It will facilitate the management of the Finances of Iho United States: Tho several Slates may when their respective necessities require, and tho abilities of the Ihuk will permit derive occasional advantage and accommodations from it It will atliird to tho individuals of all tho Stales a medium for their intercourse with each other, and for tho payment of Taxes more convenient than tho precious metals and equally safe. It will have a tendency to increase both the internal and external commerce of North America, and undoubtedly will bo infinitely ukcIiiI to all the Traders of overy Stato in tho Union, provided, as I havo already said, it is conducted on tho principles of equity, justice, prudence and economy, Tho present Directors bear characters thnt cannot fail to inspire confidence, and as the Corporation is amenable to tho Laws, Power can neither sanctify any improper conduct nor protect tho guilty. Under a full conviction of these things 1 Ihtter myself that I ah ill aland excused for recommending in the strongest manner this well-meant plnn to all the encouragement nnd protection which your State can give, consistently with wisdom and justice. I have tho honor to bf, with great respect your Excellency's most obedient and humble servnnt, rout, mokius. Ilii Excellency, tho Governor of tho State of North Carolina. Vsm llHrcM ImkIUn ( inrh, Sam. Medarv opens upon us a flood of vmVaritv through tho sluice gates of that political Bower, tho Ohio Statesman, (and had not the decency to send us a copy of his paper containing it,) in consequonco of a simple rcferoneo made by us a few weeks ago to Mr. Van Buren riding in an Knfrlish coach. This L'tigi'jA coach of Van's we are well aware was ft sore matter to S un and his party in times gone by, and it is not at all surprising that a bare allusion to it even at this period, should arouse his morbid sensibilities to the highest pilch. Ho boldly pronounces it to bo a "base falsehood," a slanderous and con temptible fabrication," and adds, in tho chtste and delicate style so eminently characteristic of locofoco-ism tho world over "Tho lowlived scoundrel is in which can now report this story, when it has boon known for over two years to havo been a sheer fulso-hood, is even worse than tho petty larceny mean nest which invented it." When, where, how, wo would inquire wrb this glory proved to bo ft heer falsehood in During the wholo campaign of 1810 wo do not recollect to have seen even an attempt at a refutation. There may havo been, and certainly was, avast amount of filthy slang similar to tho above, uttered hy thelcofoco presses against tho Whigs who made the charge, imt all this went only to convince the pooplo more thoroughly of its truth. Arniu IWa Litrht. .nr. i nr..n in mi. .i tinu'd. n noprneon. on Saturday, June l, Mr. Jamm Hawkins, aged l. to Miss. Mart Vanck, aged lib. ttiulew (ii.) TeL Did their "mother's know they were out?" JULY 26, 1843. WftatiinjflOH nu4 ft ICnuk. Gen. Washington, in a letter addressed to Gover nor Morris, dated Philadelphia, 28th July, 1701, spca-kinnr of the U. S. Bank. savs: "The establishment of public credit is an immense point gained in our National concerns. This, I believo, exceeds tlie expectation of the most san guine among us. And a fate instance, unparalleled in this country, has been oiven of TIIK CONFI DENCE REPOSED IN OUR MEASURES by tho rapidity with which the subscriptions to tho Uank or the U. States were filled. In two hours alter the books were opened by the commissioners, the wnoie numuer oi snares was taken up, and four thou sand more nppiicd lor than were al owed by the in stitution ; besides a number of subscriptions which were vuming on. In a letter to General La Favotrn. dstnd March 1!, I71H, (directly after the Bank was chartered,) ho lunner says; "The last session of Congress has been occupied in additional Arrangements of finance, to cstiihlitih tho public credit and provide for the expenditures of! government" Mi lie laws ot the United States,adap-ted to the public exigencies, are framed with wisdom and moderation, and acquiesced in with cheerfulness." From Iho Baltimore Clipcr. We havo of late heard much of tho course our- sued by that illustriouB patriot, Thomas Jijftrson, wnen rresmem ot tno united Estates, it is a tact well known that when he came into oflico ho found almost overy man in oflico opposed to him. and man v of them had been very abusive of him. trrosslv at tacking his private and political character; some of wnoin, especially ttioso that had travc cd out of the lino of their duly and become active and noisy partisans, he removed, and filled their places with men of good morals and business habits. In this city, tho Cotlertor, Nwnl Officer, Surveyor, and Postmnsttr, were all federalists, and had voted for there-election of John Adams. Great eflbrts were mado to have them turned out by persons wauling their places ; but Mr. Jefferson reluscd to do it, alleging they had a right to vote for Mr. Atlanis in preference to him; and, as they were good officers, should not he disturbed. The three first remained in oflico until death removed them, and tho last, tho Postmaster, was removed during tho administration of Mr. Mudi-son, not on account of political preferences, but upon tho rotation principle, ho having been in office more than Bixtecn years. In tho 4th vol. of Jefferson's Memoirs, page 110, will bo found a letter written by Mr. Jelferson to Levi Lincoln, father of the present collector of Boston. Mr. Lincoln, as well as tho collector, were always known as Democrats of the Jefferson school. The elder Mr. Lincoln was appointed Attorney General by Mr. Jeflerson in 1801. Mr. Jeflerson Bays: " Washinoton, March 23, 1808. To frfet Lincoln : Dear Sir: Your letter on tho subject of Mr. Lee came safely to hand. You know our principles render federalists in oflico safe, if Uiey do not employ their influence in opposing the government, but only give their veto according to their conscience, And this principle we act on us well with those put in oiiice ny oliiura, as by ourselves. A DEMOCRAT OF m Tho Cincinnati Chronicle of the 28th contains a short but most interesting biogrnphy of Mart Craig, the heroine wife of an Ohio Pioneer. They came to uncmnuu in ir:f-:ai, and lived a snort d is binco from the tort where her husband died. But we will give an example ol her quiet bravery, in the words of the writer: "Before the loss of her husband, Mary had frequency, in times of more imminent danger, retired witn linn into tno garrison, but in her bereaved con dition, her lonely and wuunded heart could not brook the boisterous mirth and constant confusion to which she must there ho exosed. The feeling heart seeks solitude in affliction. She therefore remains with her babes in her cabin. In vain did her neighbors depict the danger of massacre from tho Indians. She knew not what feor was. Her trust was in that (od who alone could protect her and her little ones, Fur her children she provided a bed under tho pun cheon floor of tho httlo cabin, in a small hole usu ally prepared by the first settlers to preserve veceta bles in winter from frost Here, every night wtck niter wock, would she place her children, nlur put ting them to Bleep, while she watched through the chinks of tho cabin, during the greater part of each nigoi, inn opproucn oi uie savages, l lie plan was, if the Indians entered at tho door, to fly out at tho other ami give the alarm at the garrison, before her children would bo found in their concealment under the floor. Often, thus watching, she saw the Indians enter tho little settlement traverso the grounds in mv vicinity tn iim uiuck iiuuse,nomeiinies inev came to nor very door, but never did they enter. Horses were stolen, settlers were killed and taken prisoners, Mary and her babes were protected. Delicate as a flower, and with all the tender sensibility of the most feeling heart, it was tho fuith of the Christian which sustained her under all those trials, and enabled her to triumph over all fear. There, dav after day, might nave oeen neara. in that mdo hut Marv's soft voice. rendered plaintive and melancholy by her lonely vuiumiuii, iiyininng nor lavontc rsaim. Mr. Adams. The Hon. John Quincv Adnms was on Thursday, at Saratoga Springs. 1'ho Sara toga Sentinel ol (hat day says: "The venerable Ex-President, notwithstanding his advanced age, is a man of remarkable mental and bodily powers On lus arrival hy tho Tuesday evening cars, after a jaunt that would have tired out any other mnn of his years, he declined taking a scot in uie carriage lor union Hall, but alter seeing the iiuiica oi nis party provided lor. walked o f with a quick and firm step to his quarters. He rises with tho lark. The nun never shines while ho is in bed, u nc is ouic to leave it H A large number of visitants and citizens called upon Air. Adams this morning, who received them with true INew hngland courtesy and cordiality. All were gratified at tho opportunity afforded of taking by the hand, and holding personal intercourse with, tlie veteran patriot and statesman. In the af ternoon ho visited tho Bitllo Ground in tho town of Saratoga, the theatre ot one of tho proudest and most important victories that signalized tho Revolution. A Mistake Rectified. The following and aim. ilar paragraphs are "going the rounds" of the press: "Hon. Nath'l B. Borden, lain member of Congress, wno was supposed to be worth fi7.,(HX), has lost it is said, all his property, by the luto fire at Full River."We aro happy to havo it in our power to contradict this assert lun, upon undoubted authority. Mr. Hordeu was the greatest loser hy the lato disaster in the place of his residence, yet ho did not lose anything liko tho sum mated. Hit losses amount to something like c.VMH. With that indomil vide energy which characterises men of his stamp, Mr. Borden is already taking steps to repair his fortunes, "'hi pressus,ulussurn'it,n is tho true Yankee mottis and it is finely exemplified in this cayp, Mr. Borden owns a large tract of the most valuable part of tho burnt district and has al-rtntltf commenced ihe erection of buildings thereupon. A. Y, Erpress. The Learm'.o Blacksmith In tho settlement of a caso at Bangor, relative to an estate in St. Thomas, a document was produced as evidenco, which was written in Danish, and contained 40 fools-cap pages, but there was none who could translate it. It wns sent to Mr. Btirrilt, of Worcester, known as the learned Illacksuiith, who returned a translation of it, which is spoken of very highly by the editor of tho Whig. In a letter, Mr. B. remarks that the translation cost him twelve dnyshard labor, for which he presumed tho sum of $18 would not be an unreasonable compensation, as that would bu "about what any other blacksmith would charge, provided i he could do it with hu minor and tonga." The Mail Ronni:ar nr 18 1'l Persons who lost money by the robbery of the mail on the Hth February, 18 t'j, in its passage from Wheeling to Baltimore, are informed thnt llio sums retained by tho District Court of the United States in Maryland, and not particularly identified, will be distributed pro rata. An advertisement to that effect appears in the Baltimore Amur ican. The hard money currency is in 'full tide of experiment' in Illinois. No Banks no rag currency manufactories in that State, tho full fruition of hard money principle is exemplified without alloy. Corn if selling at eight cents a bushel at Springfield, tho seat ol government this is hard money times. The money is hard when you get it, nnd luud to gd. Ihnville Rrjiorter. Mexico. Tho Picayune has papers by the Rochester, which state that tho now Constitution was sworn in at the city of Mexico on tho lltth June, tho birth-day of Snnta Ana, Great discontent exists, and a revolution is confidently expected. The Texan prisoners were not yet released. General Pena was arrested immediately on his arrival tt Tampico and aenl to t dungeoiu From iho Zauviville Uuzeiic. 91! HI!; IX A ClIlKCIK TABD. 'Ti midnight, and iho shaded earth ti tranquil and wrens, And l)dtkiicu from bur mighty diroue, sin brooding o'er iho cenej While bilcnre holds within her armithoieitiapetof voiceless thought, For which dio human breast as yet, no answering lone batli caught 'Tis midnight, and with these around, I seek with noiseless nvnd The halls where all of earlh must go when life's short day is tied y To muse almve the sunken graves, and hid affection roll Ueck to ihtir Ibmils those sparkling tides die memories of Uie soul ! Above my head the (leery rlonds, piled in von azure sky, Like rorks of pearl 'mid waters blue, mngmlieenily lie While from tx-netuh each jutting crng Ihe tars are glancing bright, And half iho canopy is fringed with Dian's silver light Tht forest seems a towering wall, stretched ia the distanea dim, Between me and the far-ofT West stow moves each fiaul limb: B The river murmurs hy my side, as with its stream it laves i no snores oi tins neglected spoi in is gloomy place of graves ! 'Tis solemn ! solemn as the snm? the winds are weaving nnw. As with their tilful, broken sighs, I hey linger on my brow, At suth an hour in surh a ray us light earh gleaming stone, uwaiiuer uiro uiesourear courts, witu natures sell, alone! The long grass rustles 'aeath my feet tlw drooping willow fiends, And shakes itseonslant tears of dew above departed friends ; Oh, fail lil ui mourner! would, like it, when all are hushed in sleep, Abovo the ones who ueterran wake, I might forever weep! Around me lio a baud of those with whom as some young villi;, Its tendrils, in my boyhood's morn, this heart has loved to twine ; Hut each fond hope thai clung to (hem, has been too early riven, And now, can only grasp tho air, or point their course lo heaven 1 Beneath yon sod long, long hath lain my angel mother's form, A pure, lair niossom, crushed (o earth by fate's unsparing storm V While on her bniom lies a bud thai srarce began lo bloom Hcfore it closed ils liny leaves, and laded iu the lomb ! Hero are the matron and tlie maid, the gray-hxired and the VUUIIB Tho siroiig of hand tho high of soul iht eloquent of tongue The gentle, and tho beautiful Death's sceptre spared ihcm not, Hut all were called to pais away to dun and bo forgot! The stars may shine in splendor on- -die moon may light Iho The winds may whisper lo the leaves, or speed along iho Tho spring may go with rosy smiles, and summer deck the plain nut uiou) wno snared them once with me can never com ng.-iin ! They cannot Mess mc with their Joy carh free and happy lOIIH No longer greets mo as in days, gone like their presence gone! Their music nnd ibeir melody havo sadly died away Their spirits sought a fuirer home, thun this of changing clay ! Then will I leave them tn Ihrir resl those generations past Willi the wide arched kkicbaUive them, und lite ever-tvuihug With the marble and the epiiaph, which must crumble and dt-)iirl Ere lite token love has graved thereon lias vanished from tho heart ! Putnam, June, 1(113. D. T. C. A PMAIj.TI OP LIFU. What Ihe heart of the ymng mm said to the Ft atmitt. SIT H. W. I.OSGKILLOW. Tell mo not, in mournful numbers, l.ilc is bnl an einpiy dream For the soul is dead thai similiters, And things are not what they seem. Life is real ! Life is earnest ! And ihe grave is nol its grnil j Put ifmu art, lo dull n-luruul, Wu not spoken of the soul. Nol enjoyment, nnd not sorrow, 1 our deitined end or wuy j Hul to art thitt earh ln-mirrow Find us further lhau lu-day. Art is long, and Time is fleeting, Ami our ht-nru, though stout and brave, Hull, like mullled druiiM, are healing Funeral marches lo tho giave. In the world's broad fiVfd of halite, lu the bivouac of tile, He not like dumb, driven cattle ! He a hero iu the strife ! Tout no Future, howe'rr pleasani! It Ihe dead nasi bury ils dad ! Ad art in ihe living I 'resent ! Heart wuliiii and Uod o'er head! Lives of great men all remind us We ran make our lites sublime, And, ih-inriuig. leave Ix-hiud us Footsteps un Uie sauds oi Uiue ( FooMrps thnt perhaps another, Ruling o'er Life's solemn iniiin, A forlorn ami shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall lake heart again. Let in, then, be up and doing, Willi a heart fur My fn Still achieving, slill purniiiiig, Learn to lubor anu to wail. Dr. I.nrdsiera lire In re on the nss No apology is necessary for the apace wo devoto to the notice of tho Lectures of this eminent professor. Some uf or readers nmy doubt some of tho positions assumed by him in relation to the physical structure of tho moon ; but all will admire the di-datic simplicity with which his views are announced and illustrated. The Moon, he said, was a body of very small magnitude as compared with many of the members of the solar system ; but was, to tho dwellers on our planet, an object of greater interest than any other tho Sun, alono, excepted by reason of its proximityits relations lo ttio earlh, its iniortaiico to the theory of gravitation and its various supposed and real influences upon our globe. The object of tho astronomer was to ascertain and establish facts ; and in pursuit of tins object, many erroneous no-lions and ridiculous aueratitiuna in relation to the Moon and its imaginary influences had been dispelled.Tho Moon moved round tho earlh in an orbit nearly circular, as was apparent from tho fuct Unit her sis remained tho same tho wholo time. Tho distance ot the Moon had been ascertained by the usual mathematical methods which are familiar to all such as had occasion to ascertain the d la- Unco of inaccessible objects. There wore two ways of measuring distances ono was tlie mechanical mode, that is, an application of tlie mcasuro to tho thing measured aa any body can see done by a dry goods' man, every timo ho measures off a yard of cloth ; another was by an application of doctrine of ratios. To illustrate what tint last meant, he supposed it desirable to find the distance, for example, of a lamp in front of the stage, which should be considered inaccessible. Tho wuy to ascertain this distance, by the latter mode ment ioned, would be to observe it from tho two extromiiiea of tho front of tho staRO. Tho length of this front is susceptible of ad meai are 1 1 lent by mechanical means, and its lend lb being once ascorlnincd, tho two observations of the lamp would show the proportion between iu ditancn and the length of tho stngo front In this way are obtained most of tho loinr distances nn ihn earth' surface. In this way tho distances of tho heavenly bodies aro established. A measure on tho eartla surfneo hiving been once ascertained tho distances of the other bodies can bo shown to bear ft fixed and definite ratio of it, ihese distances are usually measured bv diame ters of tlie earth, and in astronomical language, tho Moon is said to ho lit) diameters distaneo from our Globe, or J 10,000 miles; nor narth'. di.mrtor being B000. Tim iliatnnca bump known, Uicre i. very oay y of ucertniniug iim (IiiiihIit. To deter-imne Uii, you linve only tn biko . '.ft cent picro, in inch .crow. Hold it bofuro your eye, it such iln-Uinco ti thnt it will exactly covor tlio Atnnn'. dim and nn more. Tin" dintnncn will be found to bo IU fiuL Now, IU foot or VM inches ia to one inch, the 3 liitt picco't diameter, mi i. tho diatiuicc of the moon to nor uiainoter: u l.v i. to one. n u 10.- 000 to ttio arawor. Tho di.iiioter of tin) coin, i. a hundred and twentieth part of it. diitanco, and tho diameter of the Moon la a l'JOlll part of lior diaunco, or XK) mile. Of the nhvaical condition of the Mnnn. it mnr ha remarked, that alio haa no light of herown,tliohnlo of tho light with which alio ia aupnlied, boiiitf fur-niahed by tlie Nun. Her lineamenla alwaya prearnt the Mine apiiearancc. They r unchanged. The aamo confirmation, now prenented to tho eyo nf an observer on tho earth, havo alwavi bcon preented. Tho "nun in tho Moon" ia an old aayinfr. Ilia aito no anapo wero aacortamed centunea airo, and V old grnl Ionian haa not changed a whit in tho interval. Tina llniwa, that tho Mnon alwaya keeiia lh. aamo face toward lis, and of con mo, cannot bo accused of wearing two facce. Again, th. Moon haa no atmoaphnre. Thia position ia now pietty well eatahliahed. On. tnoana nf o doing haa been by observation of tlie occuluition of star, by this body, It ia a known principle of op NUMBER 48. tica, that light passing through media of diflorcnt density will be refracted or bent out of a atraight lino. Thia may be shown by a very simple experiment, which ia lamiliar to every school boy. Take an empty mug, and place in the bottom of it a piece of coin. Now, station the eye at such a point obliquely from and above tho vessel, as shall allow the edgo of '' VB"1 1" intercept and prevent a view of tho coin. 1 lion, keeping the eye fixed at this point, let water be poured into Uie vessel. Immediately, the object, hitherto hidden, becomes apparent to tho oye, although tlie place of the oyo remains unchanged. Now, this result follows from the fact, that the rays ot light sent off from Uie coin, which, while tho vessel waa empty, atruck upon and wero intercepted by the edge ol tho vessel, are, after the water is poured in, bont in a direction more inclined to Uio perpindicular, than before, and when they emerge Irom tho surface of the water, come out at a point which is visible to Uio eve. Now. to nnl ti,,. T.r.n. ciple on occasions of occultations by tho Moon of a star: If the Moon were furnished with an atmosphere, a star, though actually behind the Moon or below its edge, would be visible, forasmuch as the rays from it being bont out of their course by the atmosphere, would, as it were, shine over the edgo. But no such phenomenon is presented. The most accurate observations have been made; the time of tho star's appulse or first contact with the Moon has ' been noted, the time of its disappearance and tho moment of its reanncarance from behind iim Mnnn. and the result is, that it has been fully ascertained, that the star disappears at the very moment of its appnlso, and reappears at the very moment thut Uiu edgo of the Moon's substanco is removed from between it and the eyo of the spectator. These observations prove Uiat the Moon has no atmosphere j or, if it havo any, Uien, that it is not in volume so great, by a thousand times, as Uie one which siirrniiml.niii- earth, or is ccpiully tenuous and inconsiderable with that which is left in an axhausted Receiver, and which, ior an taniuy purposes, may be regarded an next to nottiing. tias uie Moon umltrl If yea, then Ihoro would bo evaporation, and evavoration, greatly more rapid und enormous, from the absence of air. The vapor thua raised would refract light, but it has been seen that Uierc is no refraction. Consequently it may bu set down with certainty that Uio Moon has no water, and probably no fluid of any kind. The Moon is without air, water, vapors, or liquids. U ia a hard and sterile orb, to all appearance unliitcd to support Uie organization and growth, ciUier animal or vegetable, which aro tamiliar to us. Tho Moon has tho light whicli it borrows from the Sun and the proportion of that light as compared with the sun light, may bo judged of by Uie ,,.-, ii-iu mm ii me wooie iirmainent were one enormous Moon, the light would then only equal that uf the Sun. Muon-light has been supposed to be cold and putrescent. l)y experiments with the ditleren-tial thermometer, ono degrco of which is equal to only a 500th of ono of Fahrenheit and which of course is a most exquisitely delicate test, it has been found that Uie Moon-light has no warmth. And, moreover, there is nothing to support Uie notion that it is cold. All telescopic observations show that Uie Moon lias an exceedingly broken and rugged surlaco. Iu mountains and cavities hove been measured. Somo of each of those havo been found to be from a milu and a half to two miles high or deep. This height is relatively greater than Uiatof Uie mountains en tho earth a aurface. That tho Moon displays tlie evidences of immoniu volcanic action, at some timo, there is little doubt. Ulloa, Deccario,Katcrand Ilorschel have professed to find the signs of volcanoes in the Moon yet activo, during solar eclipses. Uright spots have been described, it is said, on Uio Moon's darkened face at such times. Theao havo been explained on two olh-cr suppositions. One of those, laughable as it may appear, is thut there are holet through and through tho Aloon, and Uiat it is the Kun's light which is seen through tho holes ! AnoUier is, that tho light seen is tho reflection of rays from Uie earth, caught by and sent back from prominent points on Uio Moon's surface. To Uiis last supposition Uiere is Uiia fatal objection that these lighu once aeen would be al-ways visible, crtmi panlnu ; but such is not Uie fact. As to Uie holes through the body of the Moon, every body can make up his own mind about it as he saw fit. To the theory of present volcanic action, it may bo rejected that air wculd K required to support it Hut thia objection has no fore ImpiUined gaaea in Uie scats of volcanic action may bo reloascd in vacuo, as it is known Uiat gunpowder will explode under the same circumstances. The thiwir r tive volcanoes ia not, however, generally accredited. la Uie Moon inhabited Thia question may be answered, by asking, how is it possible to Bus la in either animal or vegetable life, where Uiore is neithor air nor water! and where, from Uio absence of air, tho "im ub (fiiuiisv anu insupportaoie to adogren never felt even on the anow capped aununiu of Iho ......... i v,u u uu .upposcu uiat plunu can thrive, and the inferior animals and man flourish, whom thcro ia not a breath of air, or a drop of water, or a partclo of gonial warmth known? where no sound can bo heard; no voice mado audible, and no language spoken? No: auch beings as exist on our earth, wiiuld instantly perish if transported to the Moon, terms of lite unknown to us, may xit there, but if so, those furms are such as hove no archetypes on earth. All ideas of such existence aie beyond the reach of our conceptions. To us, tho Moon would seem deeolsto andaccursed ; a Biihere rolling on in brightneaa, it ia trao, but without warmth or life, or any of Uie genial influences and sccesao. nos, which impart so great a charm to a residence on our earth. There, all is silent and dumb j a dreary and nionolonoua creation, with not only noUiing to atir, and noUiing to enliven, but with no mind lo bo stirred, and no heart to be enlivened. And tins wan iU fato for centuries on centuries, presenting an imago of an oternity of dusolaUon, tho very idea of which waa oppressive. Has Uie Moon influences on our earth ? floes it affect the woaUier ? Fanners and sailors,nd many acionlihc men Uiought so. It waa an old prejudice, but an unfounded ono. Science taught no auch thing and obacrvauon disproved iu Observations for 1 00 yesrs in succession, had shown, that out of ! changes in the moon, Uicre had been tti instances of changes in Uie weather, and 13 wherein it did not change j out of US other changes, it appeared that thoro had been (M instance, of change, in Uie weather, and (l where Uiore had been no change. Ho it followed, Uiat Uie woaUier waa juat as likely not chango aa to change, with change, in Uie Moon. It had boon, and waa even now, conceived Uiat Uio Moon had aome effect on iusane people. l)r. (Jlber. had eddressod himself to Uie enquiry, and upon com-parisnn of paroxysms of madness wiUi Uie change, in tho Moon, was satisliod that there wu no coniwclion. let Lumn, is an established word, .ven in law technics, to signify mental derangement. . And lu-nacy haa its etymoloy in Uie Moon. Hrnaoriioia.A writer in the National Intelli-gencer denies the efhWv nf il.. .iij...i . Hydrophobia which haa been going the rounds for some weeks. It consisted, aa our reader, will recollect, in oieniug th. pustules, which wero said al- " I he means used or tho writer of ik. ....-i ' :. question are not unknnwn to tho pnifumion, either in Una country or fcurope. They have been considered, put in practice, and fniiml I ' ' , , - - ri' w ""y, unsuc- ceaalul, ff not altogether worthless. Thov weia presented to tho Medico l'hysic.l Society of Jlos- ft ' .'i M,Ch! ""'""' "i. "ere commui. oatnd fr tho consideration of the medical public in this country by Dr. Han,uel L. Mitchell. Many En-glish practitioners havo boen nn.hl i .;. '. .u. occurrence of Uie singular tumors spoken of in Ihn ii I 7 Tr"- w,,icn "ii, they havo bi-en narticu ar v n,i .n. -..i. i ' ing detected, which proves thoy do not alwars occur. In t ranee much ohaervalion haa been'nwun mating the efficacy of Dr. Marachetti's prevent",', measure.. M. M,g,., f , province of (iuieim., round the puBtulea to exist in many cun under Ins observation. 1 o treated ton caws exactly , confonniiy In this plan of Marachetti, and in nv, of them Ilydrophohia uccurrdo, and doath followed." Thoro are. in th. !T,,.i u...... , .7 towns and villages named art or Ki-IWIml Washington) .1 counties and 14 towns afterKx-I'n-anient Adams j IS counties and SI towns after Jefferson i U counties and :U town, ,ftcr Mwl, 4 cnu.itio, s,H4 town. ,IW Monroe , 6 counties a, l . . .... ,or jackaon; 3 counties and 1.1 towna after sn Buren; and 4 counties and towns after llarriaon. In addition to Una there are ,e. ana iw ns named alter nur moat ilia-inguished statesmen and soldiers. In Michigan e havo eoumies and towna named after Monroe, J,, k-son, an Huron, Casa, Calhoun, Wayne, Maromli, ( linion, Livingston. Berrien, and ll.,r l.,... fYrti"rs. " " '- Nk w Yon, T..-Th. Comptroller of N. York asks for the sum of $'1,177,000 to carrv on the cuv t.ovornment. Th. tsx thus proposed to b. laid i 0110 hundred and forty thouaand dollars more th o as laid last year. Loco gam !