Saturday, 30 April 2011

I, for one, have great respect and love for Pope John Paul II. In 2009, I went on a pilgrimage to Poland: Following in the Footsteps of John Paul II. He was a special man, chosen by God for a special mission.

Karol Józef Wojtyławas born in the small Polish town of Wadowice, about 50 kilometers from Krakow, on May 18, 1920. He lived with his parents in this apartment building, which is now a museum about his early childhood and family life, and a display of some of his memorabilia.

He was the youngest of three children - shown here in his baptismal garb - born to Karol Wojtyła and Emilia Kaczorowska.

His mother died in 1929. His eldest brother Edmund, who had become a doctor, died in 1932, and a sister, Olga, had died before he was even born. He lived with his father who was a non-commissioned army officer, who died in 1941.

They lived in a three-bedroom apartment.

This was his crib.

On June 20, 1920, he was baptized in the parish church of Wadowice by Fr. Franciszek Zak. He made his First Holy Communion at age 9 and received the sacrament of confirmation when he was 18.

Notice the pope's picture above the entry doors? He is honored just about any where you go in Poland.

Church interior with a view of the main altar

The baptistry where he was baptized

A side altar in honor of Our Mother of Perpetual Help - Karol had a deep devotion to the Blessed Mother. He, when he was Pope, had stated that it was Our Lady of Fatima who had protected him from his ordeal after his attacker, Ahmed Agca, shot him several times as he entered St. Peter's Square to address an audience on May 13, 1981.

Rosaries are left on the wall by people whose prayers have been answered.

A sculpture of Pope John Paul II just outside the church

He attended Marcin Wadowita high school in Wadowice, and thereafter,...

Entrance to the university

...he studied at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, in 1938, and majored in drama. Unfortunately, the Nazi occupation forces closed the university in 1939 and Karol found work in a quarry (1940-1944) and then in the Solvay chemical factory - this was to avoid being deported to Germany.

This is 10 Tyniecki Street where Karol lived from 1938 until the end of WW II

In 1942, he heard his calling to the priesthood. He began courses in the seminary of Krakow which had gone underground, run by Cardinal Adam Stefan Sapieha - archbishop of Krakow. At the same time, he - along with some friends, started "Rhapsodic Theatre," also with clandestine operations.

Courtyard of Jagiellonian University

After World War II ended, he continued his seminary courses at the the reopened seminary of Krakow, and joined the faculty of theology at Jagiellonian University. He was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Sapieha in Krakow on November 1, 1946.

In the aftermath of the second world war, Poland remained under occupation. The Russians successfully pushed out the Nazis and they took and occupied Poland. Poland remained under the communist regime from 1945-1989. Heavy on the hearts of the Polish was to be dominated once again. There were some improvements in the country, but the economic downturn and social unrest continued from time to time. In the meantime, Karol continued to rise in his career as a priest. He was also active in the underground movement.

Soon after, Cardinal Sapieha sent him to Rome to study and work under the guidance of the French Dominican, Garrigou-Lagrange. He finished his doctorate in theology in 1948 with a thesis about "faith in the works of St. John of the Cross" (Doctrina de fide apud Sanctum Ioannem a Cruce). At that time, during his vacations, he ministered to the Polish immigrants of France, Belgium and Holland.

This was his official residence from 1951 to 1963, which has now been turned into a museum of the archdiocese of Krakow.

He returned to Poland and was made vicar of various parishes in Krakow, as well as chaplain to university students from 1948-1951. He loved teaching and being with the youth. Then, he again took up his studies in philosophy and theology. In 1953, he defended his thesis on "evaluation of the possibility of founding a Catholic ethic on the ethical system of Max Scheler" at Lublin Catholic University. After, he became professor of moral theology and social ethics in the major seminary of Krakow and in the Faculty of Theology at Lublin.

The Church of Poland was under tight scrutiny by the communist Polish government. There was a bizarre coexistence between Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski- the Primate of Poland who, successfully, managed to extract some form of religious freedom for his Catholic faithfuls - and Wladyslaw Gomulka's government. He led the Polish on hewn terms, defying the Vatican's guidelines , in dealing with the communist regime in Poland, and in the process prevented more bloodshed. He was much loved and revered by his people.

In the nomination for a Polish bishop, Gomulka turned in the name of Karol Wojtyla. The cardinal had not even included his name. The government did not see Karol as a threat for he was seen as a dreamer, a philosopher - a man who preached about prayer and love, lacking in organizational skills - for, after all, he majored in drama.And so it was,

On July 4, 1958, Karol Wojtyla was appointed titular bishop of Ombi and auxiliary of Krakow by Pope Pius XII, and was consecrated September 28, 1958, in Wawel Cathedral, Krakow, by Archbishop Eugeniusz Baziak.

Once he became a bishop, he actively participated at the Vatican Council II (1962-1965) where he made an important contribution to drafting the Constitution Gaudium et spes (the joy and the hope), and in all the assemblies of the Synod of Bishops.

On January 13, 1964, he was appointed Archbishop of Krakow by Pope Paul VI, then made a cardinal in June 26, 1967.

He moved to 3 Franciszkanska Street after he was appointed Archbishop of Krakow, 1964 - 1978.

Across from the Archbishop's Palace is the Franciscan Basilica, where Cardinal Wajtyla heard mass everyday. We met the parish priest and he was kind enough to give us a tour.

In one of the pews towards the back of the church, this inscription indicates that this was the spot the Cardinal regularly knelt down and stayed in during his prayer time.

Wyspianski, a famous Polish artist, designed these stained glass windows between 1897 and1902. They were made in Innsbruck of the Tyrol region between 1899 to 1907

On this stain-glass window is St. Stanislaus - patron saint of Poland, who was put to death by the king in 1079.

On the left, the stain glass has the image St. Faustyna - a Polish nun chosen by our Lord to spread the message of his Divine Mercy - canonized by Pope John Paul II. In 1885 Wyspianski also designed and partly created the polychrome surfaces in the Gothic part of the church, of natural images of Poland, particularly its flowers. There is also a charming image of Our Lady with Child, in the folk attire of Krakow.

Here is a sampling of the wood-carved panels and the polychrome painting of flowers.

Main altar - a mass in English was said for us.

After mass, Fr. Peter gave us a private tour into some parts of the church complex which were usually off limits to the public. A portrait of the beloved pope hangs on the corridor's wall.

Original frescoes - some examples of medieval art.

This room was formerly the kitchen, which was used as the “kitchen” in Spielberg's film: "Schindler's List".

Walking through the corridor...

into the courtyard garden where the Archbishop spent time, sitting or walking, and meditating.

A side altar of the “Suffering Mother of God” - the Archbishop was a frequent visitor here.

Remnants of a fresco of the crucifixion with the good and bad thieves

Archbishop Wojtyla would come to dine here, often.

Even when his priestly office called him away from Poland, he always remained their Bishop in his heart. He supported the workers in Gdanks shipyard in Nowa Huta, in their efforts to have religious freedom, in the seventies. Nowa Huta was designed to be a Godless city. He personally came intending to say the first mass, to bless the extra-large metal cross fashioned by the workers, but a confrontation ensued. A spy had informed the government of the movements of Wojtyla and the local people. The Polish communist troops showed up and came head to head with the mob, with the Bishop caught in the middle. He intervened and talked the Polish communist troops to withdraw from attacking the people, saying that they were only gathered together to pray - to erect the cross and celebrate mass.

Daring in the presence of the communist troops and officials, this was the first - and many more instances followed - where he spoke to the population. He began with "...the cross as the symbol of the sacrifice that redeemed men that gives a new sense to life - that teaches us to love and respect life...We are the citizens of our country but we are also the people of God. We will continue to demand our rights. Religious freedom is the highest expression of human dignity..." These became occasions when the Polish, who cooperated and worked for the communist regime, began to see the light. He visibly showered full support on Lech Walesa, from Rome.

Santuarium Matki Boze - this church now stands on the spot where that cross was erected in the Gdanks shipyard in Nowa Huta as a testament to the people's faith and trust in God to persevere in their fight for their beliefs and freedom. The several crosses they put up to symbolize this were repeatedly torn down.

After the death of Pope Paul VI, Karol Cardinal Wojtyla was elected Pope by the College of Cardinals, on October 16, 1978. He chose to take the name of John Paul II. On October 22, he was solemnly inaugurated as the 263rd successor of Peter, the apostle. His pontificate lasted for nearly 27 years, one of the longest in the history of the church.

As Pope, he returned to Poland on several occasions without an invitation from the communist government nor approval for his visits. He came back as a citizen from time to time.

This leads to a very big field/park where the masses celebrated by Pope John Paul II were held. There was no church nor cathedral big enough to hold the crowd capacity that usually came to attend his masses, and to hear him speak.

This big stone - symbolizing the field masses held here with the Pope as celebrant. The inscription means "you are the scale." The Polish people were sustained by the love they received from their Bishop of Poland.

This tablet shows that the Pope had come here six times to show his support for his struggling country and to support her people and nourish their spiritual needs. The Pope was considered as the enemy by the communists. In the eyes of many, it was his 1979 trip to Poland that began the peaceful movement in Poland, Solidarity, that led to the demise of communism. Gorbachev was quoted as saying " It would have been impossible without the Pope."

As the pastoral leader, John Paul II was tireless, with a missionary spirit, dedicating all his energy to the papacy in serving the church. Of all the popes, he made the most visits - "104 pastoral visits outside of Italy, and 146 within Italy." As bishop of Rome he "visited 317 of the city's 333 parishes." He not only met with the People of God, but with the leaders of Nations, too. Added all together, he met millions of pilgrims - in the General Audiences held on Wednesdays, in special audiences and religious ceremonies, during the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000, and those he met during pastoral visits in Italy and all over the world. In his international trips - official visits, "he met with heads of states - 738 audiences and meetings with heads of states and 246 with prime ministers."

Under his leadership, the Church pursued new directions. He established the World Youth Days, bringing together millions of young people from all over the world, now annually held in different parts of the world, to dialogue with the youth. His love and care for family led him to initiate World Meetings of Families in 1994, to convene every three years.

John Paul II, with a forte in communication, successfully re-opened dialogue with the Jews and the representatives of other religions, whom he invited to join him in prayer meetings for peace, especially in Assisi.

With the much anticipated welcoming of the new millennium, under his watch, the Church prepared for the celebration of the Great Jubilee of the year 2000, "in accordance with the instructions given in the Apostolic Letter Tertio Millennio Adveniente and gave the guidance to the future path of the faithful, based on the teachings of the Apostolic Letter Novo Millennio Ineunte."

He promoted "spiritual renewal in the Church during the Year of the Redemption, the Marian Year and the Year of the Eucharist."

He gave an extraordinary attention to Canonizations and Beatifications, to focus on the exemplary lives of many - countless examples of holiness - as role models for the followers and other people of our time, with "147 beatification ceremonies - when he proclaimed 1,338 Blesseds; canonized 51 saints for a total of 482 saints." He lifted Thérèse of the Child Jesus to the status of Doctor of the Church.

He was actively in search to improve and update many areas of the Church and her hierarchy - by "expanding the College of Cardinals, creating 231 Cardinals (plus one in pectore) in 9 consistories;" and he also called the College of Cardinals to six full meetings. He convened "15 Assemblies of the Synod of Bishops - six Ordinary General Assemblies (1980, 1983, 1987, 1990, 1994 and 2001), one Extraordinary General Assembly (1985) and eight Special Assemblies (1980,1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998 (2) and 1999). His most important Documents include 14 Encyclicals, 15 Apostolic Exhortations, 11 Apostolic Constitutions, 45 Apostolic Letters."

He worked towards the "promulgation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church in the light of Tradition, as authoritatively interpreted by the Second Vatican Council. He also reformed the Eastern and Western Codes of Canon Law, created new Institutions and reorganized the Roman Curia."

He published "five books of his own: Crossing the Threshold of Hope (October 1994), Gift and Mystery, on the Fiftieth Anniversary of my Ordination as Priest (November 1996), Roman Triptych, poetic meditations (March 2003), Arise, Let us Be Going (May 2004) and Memory and Identity (February 2005)."

The Pope took vacations, too, especially in wintertime. He used to go back to Poland with his whole staff...

to the Carpathian mountains - an alpine village - a favorite resort of Pope John Paul II, in the town of Zakopane, the capital of Tatras.

This retreat house served as his temporary residence, along with his Vatican staff.

It was during Holy Week when news spread that the Pope was on his death bed. Our beloved pastoral leader left on his final journey, on April 2, 2005, at 9.37 p.m.

Friday, 29 April 2011

Gouda Cheese! Here in Holland, I got the chance to visit one of the Dutch cheese farm shops, Henri Willig.

We stopped by at the Alida Hoeve Cheese Farm in Volendam, a North Holland "cheese-cover farmhouse," and de Vriendaschap Wooden Shoe Factory. Both are open to the public, free of charge, with an explanation/demonstration of how milk turns into finished cheese products of Edam and Gouda, and others made from sheep and goats' milk, and on the other side a demonstration on the making of the Dutch wooden shoes.

What a welcome sight after a long drive. This Dutch frau welcomed us with a big smile and an invitation to attend the demonstration.

While waiting to go on the tour, we had some time to sample some cheeses.

Henri Willig has taken the dairy and cattle farm, Jacob's Hoeve, which he inherited from his parents in 1974, to new heights. "Hoeve" is the Dutch word for "farm." From a farming business, it is now also a tourist attraction with over a million visitors a year. A man of vision who wanted more out of what he had, Henri decided to take a course in cheese making. By 1975, he was producing his own cheese products. With the farm, the polder (an area of low-lying land that has been reclaimed from a body of water and is protected by dikes) environment, and the windmills, before long the overall set up he had attracted some tourists. He got his first bus of visitors, unexpectedly, knocking at his door for a tour and a visit.

In 1985, he had to recover from a fire that wiped out his farm. After a year, he rebuilt his first farm and added 3 more plus two other cheese-making facilities with machines he designed himself. His success is attributed to keeping his product quality consistent and in taking care of the visitors who enthusiastically visit and learn a bit more about Holland and his cheese products. He has set-up an online shop to ship to overseas clients for repeat orders.

This is the section of aged cheeses, including those made from sheep and goat's milk. These were my favorite ones, and the ones I bought to take home.

The demonstration is about to begin. The first step in cheese making is the daily gathering of milk in the morning from cows and goats, from different milk suppliers in the region. About a 100 liters is used to fill the vat. The resulting finished product will be 10%.

The milk is dumped into the stainless cylinder and warmed to 29°. Then, rennet is added.

Rennet is a milk enzyme that causes the milk to transform from a soluble state to an insoluble substance, as it digest the milk -soluble protein (casein) to coagulate it into it's insoluble form. Rennet comes from the "abomasum" - the fourth division of the stomach in ruminant animals, such as cows, sheep, and deer, in which digestion takes place - in this case it is from a calf.

After 30 minutes, the special cutters cut through the milk with three special knives for the milk to separate, forming whey and curds.

The whey is given back to the animals to drink. After the whey is decanted, the curd is left in the vat and cooked further to 102°F for hard cheeses.

The cooked curd is packed into molds.

The molds are then pressed for about 2 hours, to knit the curds together, to form a more solid mass and to extract any left over liquid.

When the curd has turned into a ball, after it is unmolded, it is dipped into the salt bath - 20% salt and 80% water, for a day. The salt is used as a flavor and a preservative.

The salted cheese balls are now left on the shelf, above, to dry for two to three weeks. When a yellowish rind has formed around the cheese ball, it is prepared for packaging. Each ball is dipped in liquid plastic, then covered with melted wax.

They are then left to cure on the shelves - one month for a young cheese, 6 months for a medium-aged or medium-dried cheese, and one year or more for aged cheese.

Here is a one-year aged cheese and it is very hard when slammed against the table. You can keep them unrefrigerated for two months or refrigerated for four months.

Packaged cheeses - the different colors indicate the flavors, the milk sources, and the aged varieties. Aside from Edam and Goudah, you will find plain cheese or others that are flavored with various herbs such as cumin, pepper, fenugreek or chilli pepper.

While what she is holding looks like a sausage product, it is actually a smoked cheese.

When opening a cheese ball, the best way is to peel it off with a cheese-slicer, by going around it until all of the plastic film/wax has been removed. With some crackers or bread pieces, the cheese is ready to be served.

In the farm, the farmers are provided a place to sleep. It's simple and small, but big enough to get a good'night's rest.

If you have not been to Holland but want to try the cheese from there, you can always order online. Or, here's a link on how to make your own cheese. The step-by-step cheese-making details give you the option to have cottage cheese, too, as you go through the cheese-making process. This video will give you the visual aid to learn how to go about it.

Here's the bonus to visiting this cheese farm. There is, also a demonstration on how those Dutch wooden shoes are made.

The machinery to make the wooden shoes - watch this video and see how it only takes 5 minutes to make a piece of fresh, green poplar block into a shoe by machine, while it used to take three hours by hand.

When shopping for a pair, remember that they are worn with a pair of woolen socks. To find the right size, you will need a pair bigger than your regular shoe size - to measure, allow your finger to run around the back of your foot.

These pairs also make for nice souvenirs. They have been in use for the last 700 years. Those who wear this say that they are warm in the winter, cool in the summer, aid posture, and the wood keep the feet dry as it absorbs the perspiration. They come unfinished, painted, or carved.

During the medieval times, they were called klompen, because of the sound they made. Farmers, fishermen, factory workers continue to wear them. They provide protection for the feet from sharp objects or from getting their feet wet in the fields.

They are worn as part of the traditional Dutch costume for Dutch dancing - Klompendanskunst, which are made a little bit lighter. The dance is created by the rhythm from the tapping of the toes and heels on a wooden floor.

If you have worn Dr.Scholl's wooden clogs, it will probably feel the same. Too bad, I was not able to buy a pair. There was no room in my small travel bag. But, I am happy with my cheese balls!