O

object (1) A named structure in the ORACLE database, such as a table, index, or form.
(2) A group of data in a form that you can copy, move, or delete in a single operation.
(3) An item that defines one portion of a report (e.g., a column object defines all information about the column: its datatype, width, name, etc.).
All SQL*ReportWriter objects are reports, external queries, external PL/SQL libraries, queries, groups, columns, parameters, links, frames, repeating frames, fields, boilerplate, and anchors.
(4) An item that can be placed on the layout.
The following are objects: arc, chart, ellipse, freehand, image, line, polygon, polyline, rectangle, rounded rectangle, symbol, text, and text field.

object auditing The auditing of accesses to specific schema objects without regard to user.
Object auditing monitors the statements permitted by object privileges, such as SELECT or DELETE statements on a given table.

object hierarchy The relationship among SQL*Forms (Design) objects or among SQL*Forms (Runform) objects.
In either hierarchy, higher-level objects own lower-level objects.

object ID A SQL*Forms internal identification code that is assigned to each object created in the Designer.
These codes are internally managed and cannot be viewed by the user.

object layer The area in memory that holds changes in the Designer that have been applied by not saved to disk or the database.

object privileges Privileges granted (assigned) to end-users so that they can use a database application to accomplish specific tasks.
Object privileges perform a particular action on a specific object.
For example, the privilege to delete rows of a specific table is an object privilege.

objective See business objective.

OCI See ORACLE Call Interface.

ODL2 LDR A program that converts ODL control files to SQL*Loader control files.

off line redo log A redo log file that has been archived.

online Users specify a query to run online if they want the results of the query before doing anything else.
They might have to wait a while for the results.

online backup The archiving of database data while the database is running.
The DBA need not shut down the database to archive data; a consistent snapshot of the database may be taken even while the database is being updated.

online redo log Redo log files that have not been archived, but are either available to the instance for recording database activity or are filled and waiting to be archived or reused.

online redo log file File that records all committed changes made to the database.
Whenever a transaction is committed, the corresponding redo entries temporarily stored in redo log buffers of the SGA are written to an online redo log file by the background process LGWR.
An online redo log file can be individual or mirrored; in the latter case, it is an online redo log group, made up of online redo log members.

OP process The master AOS/VS process which starts up the system under the username OP.

open database A database that has been mounted and opened by an instance and is available for access by users.
See mounted database.

open systems System components that implement standard non-proprietary interfaces, permitting communication with other systems implementing the same standards(interoperability).

operating system The system software that manages a computer's resources, performing basic tasks such as allocating memory and allowing computer components to communicate.

operation (1) The SQL*Forms action that is invoked by a built-in or by the operator moving the screen cursor.
(2) In some methodologies, the term "operation" has the same meaning as business function or elementary business function when used in a business context.
See also business function and elementary business function.

operations A clearly defined action that allows users to manipulate the data and structures of a database.
The operations on a database must adhere to a predefined set of integrity rules.

operator (1) In SQL, a symbol or reserved word used in an expression to perform an operation, such as addition or comparison, on the elements of the expression.
(2) In SQL*Forms, the end user of a SQL*Forms application; contrast with designer.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Software used in conjunction with a scanner that translates scanned textual images into ASCII text files.

optimizer The part of the ORACLE kernel that determines the best access path to use to perform the operation requested by a SQL statement.

option A choice in a menu, window, or command syntax.

option, optional parameter Items that you can choose among in deciding how certain commands are to be carried out.

ORACLE Call Interface (OCI) An optional Oracle product that allows users to embed ORACLE calls directly into high-level languages.
It is the program call interface to an ORACLE database.
See also call interface.

ORACLE_HOME (1) An alternate name for the top directory in the ORACLE directory hierarchy on some directory-based operating systems.
(2) On UNIX-based systems, an environment variable specifying the top ORACLE directory.

ORACLE Program Interface (OPI) The ORACLE side of the Program Interface, which provides security between the user program and the ORACLE program.
See also User Program Interface.

ORACLE RDBMS The relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Oracle Corporation.
Components of the RDBMS include the kernel and various utilities for use by database administrators and database users.

ORACLE Server The relational database management system (RDBMS) sold by Oracle Corporation.
Components of ORACLE Server include the kernel and various utilities for use by DBAs and database users.

ORACLE System Identifier (SID) A unique name for an ORACLE system on a computer that may run multiple ORACLE systems concurrently.
To switch between ORACLE databases, users must specify the desired SID.

ORACLE Tools and Database See Professional ORACLE

ORACLE user A name, known to ORACLE Server, by which some form of access to an ORACLE database may be gained.
An ORACLE User will have a name and associated access rights to different tables and menu options.

Oracle Data Query Administrator The person responsible for Oracle Data Query in your department or organization.
He or she decides which tables users have access to, gives users certain Oracle Data Query privileges, including the Allowed to Define Joins privilege, and decides for how long online queries can run.
The Oracle Data Query Administrator can also change private queries into public queries that all users can use.

Oracle Names A name resolution product for Oracle Servers and SQL*Net networks.

Oracle Names server (Names server) The name resolution software for answering name requests.

Oracle Protocol Adapters A set of products in which each one maps the functions of a given network protocol into TNS, so that TNS can act as an interface among all protocols.
For example, there is a TCP/IP protocol adapter and a DECnet adapter.
SQL*Net V2 requires protocol adapters; the equivalent in SQL*Net V1 was the protocol driver component of SQL*Net.

ORACLE System Identifier (SID) A unique name for an ORACLE instance.
To switch between ORACLE databases, users must specify the desired SID.
The SID is included in the CONNECT DATA parts of the connect descriptors in a TNSNAMES.ORA file, and in the definition of the TNS listener in the LISTENER.ORA file.

Oracle*Terminal A utility that allows you to create and modify terminal and key mapping definitions.
This utility is used by several ORACLE products.
In Version 3.0 of SQL*Forms, it replaces the CRT utility used by previous versions.

ORACVT A utility provided to convert SQL*Forms FRM datasets to load modules for use under CICS.

ORADAD The father process for the detached processes used by all instances on the system.

ORAKERNEL.PR The ORACLE executable code that executes in Ring 5.

ORANET The listener process for all SQL*Net connections in ORACLE Version 6.0 and later.
Before Version 6.0, the ORAXDC program had this functionality.

ORDER BY A clause used in a SELECT statement to specify the order in which the results of a query are to be fetched.

origin Represented in x and y coordinates.
The origin of a view indicates the location of the view on its parent's canvas.
The origin of a canvas indicates the position of drawing on a drawn view.

OSI Stands for Open Systems Interconnection, a 7-layer abstract reference model for communications protocols in which each layer performs a specific task.
The intent of the model is to allow different vendors on different hardware to communicate with each other at the same layer.
The seven layers are physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application.

outer join A type of join that returns rows from one table that do not satisfy the join condition, in addition to those that do satisfy the condition.
Each additional row is joined to an imaginary row in the other table in which all the fields are null.

outline report See break report.

output Results of a report after it is run.
Output can be displayed on a screen, stored in a file, or printed on paper,

output file File to which the computer transfers data.

overflow When all of the records of a repeating frame will not fit on a single logical page.

overhang The overhang of a character is the distance from the origin of the character to the leftmost or rightmost point to which the drawing of the character extends.