Aerospace Forgings

Forgings refer to products manufactured by the process of
shaping metal utilizing compressive forces. The compressive forces used are generally delivered via pressing, pounding,
or squeezing under great pressure. Although there are many different kinds of forging processes available, they can be
grouped into three main classes:

Drawn out: length increases, cross-section decreases

Upset: length decreases, cross-section
increases

Squeezed in closed compression dies: produces
multidirectional flow

Forging produces pieces that are stronger than an equivalent cast or machined part. As the metal is shaped
during the forging process, the internal grain deforms to follow the general shape of the part. This results in a
grain that is continuous throughout the part, resulting in its high strength characteristics. Forgings are broadly
classified as either cold, warm or hot forgings, according to the temperature at which the processing is performed.

Iron and steel are nearly always hot forged, which prevents the work hardening that would result from cold
forging. Work hardening increases the difficulty of performing secondary machining operations on the metal
pieces. When work hardening is desired, other methods of hardening, most notably heat treating, may be applied to the
piece. Alloys such as aluminum and titanium that are amenable to precipitation hardening can be hot forged,
followed by hardening. Because of their high strength, forgings are almost always used where reliability and human
safety are critical such as in the aerospace, automotive, ship building, oil drilling, engine and petrochemical
industries.

For more information or to receive a prompt aluminum price quote, please contact us at 800 398-4345 or submit the
Request Information form on the right side of this page.

HIGH TEMP SUPER ALLOY FORGING

TYPE

SPECIFICATIONS

AERMET 100™

AMS6532

A286

AMS5731, 5731, 5737, B50T1180

HASTELLOY X±

AMS5754, B50TF31

HAYNES 188±

AMS5772, B50TF74

HAYNES 230±

AMS5891, ASTM-B564

HAYNES 25± (L605)

AMS5759

INCONEL 600*

AMS5665, ASTM-B564

INCONEL 625*

AMS5666, B50TF133, ASTB-B564

INCONEL 718*

AMS5662, 5663, 5664, B50TF15, C50TF103

INCONEL X-750*

AMS5667, 5668, 5670, 5671, 5747, B50T1232

MONEL 400*

ASTM-B164, QQ-N-281

MONEL K500*

AMS4676, QQ-N-286, ASTM-B564

RENE 41*

AMS5712, 5713, B50TF75, B50TF110

WASPALOY•

AMS5704, 5706, 5707, 5708, 5709

TITANIUM FORGING

TYPE

SPECIFICATIONS

CP-GRADES 1, 2, 3, 4

AMS4921, ASTM-B348

6Al-4V

AMS4928, 4931, 4965, AMS-T-9047, C50TF12

6Al-4V ELI

AMS4930, 4931, 6932, BMS-7-269

6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo

AMS495, 4976, B50TF22

6Al-6V-2Sn

AMS4978

8Al-1Mo-1V

AMS4972, 4973, C50T81

10V-2Fe-3Al

AMS4983

ALLOY STEEL FORGING

TYPE

SPECIFICATIONS

4130

AMS6370, AMS-S-6758

4140

AMS6382, AMS-S-5626

4330 MOD

AMS6411, 6427

4340

AMS6414, 6415

4340 MOD / 300M

AMS6257, 6417, 6419, MIL-S-8844 CL-3

8620

AMS6274, 6276

8740

AMS6322, AMS-S-6049

9310

AMS6260, 6265

52100

AMS6440, 6444

NITRALLOY 135 MOD

AMS6470, 6471

ALUMINUM FORGING

TYPE

SPECIFICATIONS

2014

AMS4133, 4134, 4314, AMS-A-22771

2024

AMS-QQ-A-367

2219

AMS4143, 4144, AMS-QQ-A-367, AMS-A-22771

2618

AMS4132, AMS-QQ-A-367, AMS-A-22771

6061

AMS4127, 4146, AMS-QQ-A-367, AMS-A-22771

7049

AMS4111, AMS-QQ-A-367, AMS-A-22771

7050

AMS4107, 4108, AMS-A-22771

7075

AMS4126, 4131, 4141, 4147, AMS-QQ-A-367

7079

AMS-QQ-A-367

7150

AMS-A-22771

7175

AMS4148, 4149, 4179, AMS-A-22771

STAINLESS STEEL FORGING

TYPE

SPECIFICATIONS

PH13-8MO

AMS5629

15-5PH

AMS5659

15-7PH

AMS5657

17-4PH

AMS5643

17-7PH

AMS5644

AM-355

AMS5743

CUSTOM 455

AMS5617

304, 304L

AMS5639

304, 304L

AMS5653

321

AMS5645

347

AMS5646

410

AMS5613

416

AMS5610

418 (GREEK ASCOLOY)

AMS5616

420

AMS5620

430

AMS5627

431

AMS5628

440A

AMS5631

440C

AMS5630

NITRONIC 40

AMS5656

NITRONIC 50

AMS5764

NITRONIC 60

AMS5848

± Trademark Haynes

• Trademark United Technology

* Trademark Inco Alloys

™ Trademark Carpenter

OPEN DIE FORGING

Open die forging is performed between flat dies with no precut profiles in the dies. Movement of the
work piece is the key to this method. Larger parts over 200,000 lbs. and 80 feet in length can be hammered
or pressed into shape this way.

Open-die forging can produce forgings from a few pounds up to more than 150 tons. Called open-die because the
metal is not confined laterally by impression dies during forging, this process progressively works the starting stock
into the desired shape, most commonly between flat-faced dies. In practice, open-die forging comprises many process variations,
permitting an extremely broad range of shapes and sizes to be produced. In fact, when design criteria dictate optimum
structural integrity for a huge metal component, the sheer size capability of open-die forging makes it the clear process choice
over non-forging alternatives. At the high end of the size range, open-die forgings are limited only by the size of the
starting stock, namely, the largest ingot that can be cast. Practically all forgeable ferrous and non-ferrous alloys can be
open-die forged, including some exotic materials like age-hardening superalloys and corrosion-resistant refractory alloys.

SEAMLESS ROLLED RING FORGING

Seamless rolled ring forging is typically performed by punching a hole in a thick, round piece of metal (creating a donut shape), and then rolling
and squeezing (or in some cases, pounding) the donut into a thin ring. Ring diameters can be anywhere from a few inches to 30
feet. Rings forged by the seamless ring rolling process can weigh < 1 lb up to 350,000 lbs., while O.D.’s range from just a
few inches up to 30-ft. in diameter. Performance-wise, there is no equal for forged, circular-cross-section rings used in energy
generation, mining, aerospace, off-highway equipment and other critical applications.

High tangential strength and ductility make forged rings well-suited for torque- and pressure-resistant
components, such as gears, engine bearings for aircraft, wheel bearings, couplings, rotor spacers, sealed discs and cases,
flanges, pressure vessels and valve bodies. Materials include not only carbon and alloy steels, but also non-ferrous alloys of
aluminum, copper and titanium, as well as nickel-base superalloys.

For more information or to receive a prompt metal forging price quote, please contact us at800 398-4345 or submit the
Request Information form on the right side of this page.

REQUEST INFORMATION

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Forgings

Forged parts vary in size, shape and sophistication and
can be produced using nearly any metal. The most common
metals used include carbon, alloy, tool and stainless steels
as well as aluminum, titanium, high-temperature superalloys,
brass and copper.

High strength-to-weight ratios and structural reliability
favorably influence performance, range and payload
capabilities in the aerospace industry. Made of ferrous,
non-ferrous and special alloy materials, forgings are widely
used in jets and piston-engine planes, helicopters, engine
mounts, military aircraft and spacecraft. Some examples of
where a forging's versatility of size, shape and properties
make it an ideal component include bulkheads, wing roots and
spars, hinges, engine mounts, brackets, beams, shafts,
landing gear cylinders and struts, wheels, brake carriers
and discs and arresting hooks. In jet turbine engines,
iron-base, nickel-base and cobalt-base superalloys are
forged into components such as discs, blades, buckets,
couplings, manifolds, rings, chambers and shafts.