Vegetable tanned leather shoes are considered one of the most important museum artifacts in the both local and international museums, they represent cultural and civilized heritage, we can devise from them very important information about history, Art and important sciences. They are exposed to several problems in their excavated sites or inside museums and their stores; the most important problem is the Biodeterioration which causes the degradation and the loss of these shoes in the end by secreting organic acids like oxalic and citric acids. In this research this problem will be presented with an application on a chosen object from the Agricultural museum in Egypt, Biological scans by sterilized swabs were taken from the surface of the shoes to identify the Fungi grown on the surface of the shoes.