Latest content added for Digital Library Partner: UNT Librarieshttps://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNT/browse/?sort=title&fq=str_location_country:France2016-03-20T10:34:12-05:00UNT LibrariesThis is a custom feed for browsing Digital Library Partner: UNT LibrariesAmerikanuak eta Asmoak: New World Basques and Immigration Theories2015-05-10T06:16:59-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504101/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504101/"><img alt="Amerikanuak eta Asmoak: New World Basques and Immigration Theories" title="Amerikanuak eta Asmoak: New World Basques and Immigration Theories" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504101/small/"/></a></p><p>The focus of this thesis is the relationship between immigration historiography and the history of Basque migration to the United States. The depictions of immigration presented by historians Oscar Handlin, Marcus Lee Hansen, and John Higham have been influential in immigration historiography and are presented in the first chapter. The second chapter contains a description of Old World Basque culture and the third chapter presents a brief history of Basque migration to the United States. The fourth chapter discusses to what extent the immigration theories presented in chapter one match the Basque experience in the New World. The concluding chapter contains some observations on the nature of immigration historiography, on the Basques, and on new directions for research.</p>The Anglo-French Military and Naval Conversations, 1906-1912: a Study in Pre-War Diplomacy2015-06-24T09:39:17-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663445/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663445/"><img alt="The Anglo-French Military and Naval Conversations, 1906-1912: a Study in Pre-War Diplomacy" title="The Anglo-French Military and Naval Conversations, 1906-1912: a Study in Pre-War Diplomacy" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663445/small/"/></a></p><p>The French nation has been prolific of consummate diplomatists all through history, but her annals record no more brilliant achievement than that of Theophile Delcassé and Paul Cambon when they brought Great Britain into a French alliance. Even those who disapprove the consequences of their act must admit the skill and the pertinacity with which the two statesmen pursued their purpose. Their difficulties were stupendous; British governments had for years stood aloof from Continental agreements, but precedent was forced to give way before the perspicacity and perseverance of these two French statesmen. Delcassé had contributed the Entente Cordiale to the French cause in 1904. This understanding pledged British diplomatic support to France in her imperialistic venture in Morocco-nothing more; but it also provided a foundation upon which Cambon could exercise his talents in leading Great Britain into a trap. The result of these activities was the equivalent of an Anglo-French alliance. The French, to accomplish their purpose, led the British into a series of military and naval conversations as a means of working out plans of joint operations whereby the latter could assist the former in case of a Franco-German war. The conversations had their official beginning in 1906 and continued until the outbreak of war in 1914, by which time Britain was so completely obligated to France as to make her entry into the war a foregone conclusion.</p>Capital Ships, Commerce, and Coalition: British Strategy in the Mediterranean Theater, 17932015-08-21T05:42:39-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699881/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699881/"><img alt="Capital Ships, Commerce, and Coalition: British Strategy in the Mediterranean Theater, 1793" title="Capital Ships, Commerce, and Coalition: British Strategy in the Mediterranean Theater, 1793" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699881/small/"/></a></p><p>In 1793, Great Britain embarked on a war against Revolutionary France to reestablish a balance of power in Europe. Traditional assessments among historians consider British war planning at the ministerial level during the First Coalition to be incompetent and haphazard. This work reassesses decision making of the leading strategists in the British Cabinet in the development of a theater in the Mediterranean by examining political, diplomatic, and military influences. William Pitt the Younger and his controlling ministers pursued a conservative strategy in the Mediterranean, reliant on Allies in the region to contain French armies and ideas inside the Alps and the Pyrenees. Dependent on British naval power, the Cabinet sought to weaken the French war effort by targeting trade in the region. Throughout the first half of 1793, the British government remained fixed on this conservative, traditional approach to France. However, with the fall of Toulon in August of 1793, decisions made by Admiral Samuel Hood in command of forces in the Mediterranean radicalized British policy towards the Revolution while undermining the construct of the Coalition. The inconsistencies in strategic thought political decisions created stagnation, wasting the opportunities gained by the Counter-revolutionary movements in southern France. As a result, reinvigorated French forces defeated Allied forces in detail in the fall of 1793.</p>The Catholic Henri IV and the Papacy, 1593-16102015-05-10T06:16:59-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504406/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504406/"><img alt="The Catholic Henri IV and the Papacy, 1593-1610" title="The Catholic Henri IV and the Papacy, 1593-1610" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504406/small/"/></a></p><p>This study explores Franco-Papal relations, and their effect on the French Church and State, from Henri IV's conversion to Roman Catholicism in 1593 until his death in 1610. Because Henri IV's primary concern, even in matters involving the Papacy or the Gallican Church, was to protect his kingdom from Habsburg encroachment, he was willing either to abandon his Protestant allies abroad, or to adopt reform measures, such as the decrees of the Council of Trent, that might weaken his own authority or disturb the peace of his kingdom. This caused repeated conflicts with the Counter-Reformation Popes Clement VIII and Paul V, to whom the primary enemy was always the infidel and the heretic. Nevertheless both sides realized that they needed each other to maintain their independence of Spain.</p>Conquering the Natural Frontier: French Expansion to the Rhine River During the War of the First Coalition, 1792-17972016-03-20T10:34:12-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822845/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822845/"><img alt="Conquering the Natural Frontier: French Expansion to the Rhine River During the War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797" title="Conquering the Natural Frontier: French Expansion to the Rhine River During the War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822845/small/"/></a></p><p>After conquering Belgium and the Rhineland in 1794, the French Army of the Sambre and Meuse faced severe logistical, disciplinary, and morale problems that signaled the erosion of its capabilities. The army’s degeneration resulted from a revolution in French foreign policy designed to conquer the natural frontiers, a policy often falsely portrayed as a diplomatic tradition of the French monarchy. In fact, the natural frontiers policy – expansion to the Rhine, the Pyrenees, and the Alps – emerged only after the start of the War of the First Coalition in 1792. Moreover, the pursuit of natural frontiers caused more controversy than previously understood. No less a figure than Lazare Carnot – the Organizer of Victory – viewed French expansion to the Rhine as impractical and likely to perpetuate war. While the war of conquest provided the French state with the resources to survive, it entailed numerous unforeseen consequences. Most notably, the Revolutionary armies became isolated from the nation and displayed more loyalty to their commanders than to the civilian authorities. In 1797, the Sambre and Meuse Army became a political tool of General Lazare Hoche, who sought control over the Rhineland by supporting the creation of a Cisrhenan Republic. Ultimately, troops from Hoche’s army removed Carnot from the French Directory in the coup d’état of 18 fructidor, a crucial benchmark in the militarization of French politics two years before Napoleon Bonaparte’s seizure of power. Accordingly, the conquest of the Rhine frontier contributed to the erosion of democratic governance in Revolutionary France.</p>The Countess of Counter-revolution: Madame du Barry and the 1791 Theft of Her Jewelry2016-03-20T10:34:12-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822775/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822775/"><img alt="The Countess of Counter-revolution: Madame du Barry and the 1791 Theft of Her Jewelry" title="The Countess of Counter-revolution: Madame du Barry and the 1791 Theft of Her Jewelry" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822775/small/"/></a></p><p>Jeanne Bécu, an illegitimate child from the Vaucouleurs area in France, ascended the ranks of the Ancien régime to become the Countess du Barry and take her place as Royal Mistress of Louis XV. During her tenure as Royal Mistress, Jeanne amassed a jewel collection that rivaled all private collections. During the course of the French Revolution, more specifically the Reign of Terror, Jeanne was forced to hatch a plot to secure the remainder of her wealth as she lost a significant portion of her revenue on the night of 4 August 1789. To protect her wealth, Jeanne enlisted Nathaniel Parker Forth, a British spy, to help her plan a fake jewel theft at Louveciennes so that she could remove her economic capital from France while also reducing her total wealth and capital with the intent of reducing her tax payments. As a result of the theft, her jewelry was transported to London, where she would travel four times during the French Revolution on the pretext of recovering her jewelry. This thesis examines her actions while abroad during the Revolution and her culpability in the plot. While traveling to and from London, Jeanne was able to move information, money, and people out of France. Jeanne was arrested and charged with aiding the counter-revolution, for which the Revolutionary Tribunal sentenced her to death. Madame du Barry represented the extravagance and waste of Versailles and of Bourbon absolutism, and this symbolic representation of waste was what eventually inhibited Jeanne’s success.</p>The Diplomacy of an Army: the American Expeditionary Force in France, 1917-19182012-12-27T22:03:54-06:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc131258/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc131258/"><img alt="The Diplomacy of an Army: the American Expeditionary Force in France, 1917-1918" title="The Diplomacy of an Army: the American Expeditionary Force in France, 1917-1918" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc131258/small/"/></a></p><p>The entry of the United States into the Great War was enthusiastically endorsed by Congress on April 3, 1917. Even after the declaration of war, however, the exact nature of American participation was unclear. This thesis examines the role of American involvement in the war, as it responded to requests for support from Great Britain and France.</p>An Exploratory Investigation of Socio-Economic Phenomena that May Influence Accounting Differences in Three Diverse Countries2014-08-22T18:00:56-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331531/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331531/"><img alt="An Exploratory Investigation of Socio-Economic Phenomena that May Influence Accounting Differences in Three Diverse Countries" title="An Exploratory Investigation of Socio-Economic Phenomena that May Influence Accounting Differences in Three Diverse Countries" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331531/small/"/></a></p><p>This dissertation attempts to provide an exploratory structure to respond to, and tries to resolve, an existing void in international accounting research. The void is a lack of coherently structured, nation-specific, descriptive research to investigate socio-economic phenomena which may influence financial accounting. This dissertation's salient features include a political economy theory, an exploratory, sociological method, and a case study format. The political economy of accounting, introduced by Tinker [1980] and refined by Cooper and Sherer [1984], emphasizes a persuasive social relations dimension. This theory motivates selection of three countries (the United States, France, and Japan) that appear to have divergent socio-cultural environments. An exploratory and analytical approach of modified (enlarged) exogenism, developed by Smith [1973, 1976] and adapted to accounting by McKinnon [1986], provides an analytic structure for this exploratory investigation. Modified exogenism focuses upon an open, dynamic social system (the process of financial accounting), and provides analysis reflecting four major areas (the environment, intrusive events, intra-system activity, and trans-system activity). After examining the nation-specific financial accounting (socio-economic) structures for each country, an analysis of selected financial disclosures attempts to gain a better understanding of how socio-economic factors have influenced the development of financial accounting. My primary objective is to attempt to provide some insight about ,how diverse socio-political factors have impacted the development of financial accounting in three countries. Library research of nation-specific literature attempts to extract a relatively accurate picture of social, political, and economic institutions and policies, and relates such findings to financial accounting processes for each nation. This dissertation attempts to provide a necessary foundation for future theoretical international accounting harmonization studies.</p>The Flute Professors of the Paris Conservatoire from Devienne to Taffanel, 1795-19082015-05-10T06:16:59-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504499/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504499/"><img alt="The Flute Professors of the Paris Conservatoire from Devienne to Taffanel, 1795-1908" title="The Flute Professors of the Paris Conservatoire from Devienne to Taffanel, 1795-1908" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504499/small/"/></a></p><p>Since its establishment (1795), the Paris Conservatoire has attracted top-ranking flutists who, through their playing, teaching, writings, and attitudes, (toward the Boehm flute, for example), have influenced flutists and composers throughout Europe. Through Paul Taffanel, who founded the Societe d'Instruments a Vent in 1876, standards of woodwind playing reached new heights. When Taffanel's students, Georges Laurent and Georges Barrere, emigrated to the United States, they influenced the style and development of flute-playing in this country. Through Barrere's famous student, William Kincaid, there arose what might be termed the American school. The intent of this paper is to place these flutists in perspective. The professors are discussed chronologically; information on the style, works, students, and influence of each man is included.</p>France and the Little Entente, 1936-1937: the Work of Yvon Delbos2015-06-24T09:39:17-05:00https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663535/<p><a href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663535/"><img alt="France and the Little Entente, 1936-1937: the Work of Yvon Delbos" title="France and the Little Entente, 1936-1937: the Work of Yvon Delbos" src="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663535/small/"/></a></p><p>This thesis studies France"s relations with the Little Entente during the term of Foreign Minister Delbos. It relies primarily on published diplomatic papers and memoirs. It discusses Delbos's background, the histories of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Rumania from 1919-1936, and the formation of the Little Entente. The thesis focuses on France's efforts after the Rhineland crisis to strengthen her Eastern European alliances. Delbos chose the Little Entente over the Soviet Union as France's primary Eastern European alliance. Delbos's proposed Mutual Assistance Pact between France and the Little Entente and his Eastern European trip in December, 1937, failed owing to Yugoslavian and Rumanian opposition. German economic domination and intimidation of, and British disinterest in, Eastern Europe contributed to Yugoslavian and Rumanian rejection of France's overtures.</p>