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Ubuntu for Engineers

Here's a list of available programs for Engineers or Engineering
students that are available for Ubuntu (or linux in general). Not all of
them are in the official repositories, not all of them are free and
open, but they can be used on a daily basis to improve the workflow of
any Engineer.

Mathematical analysis

Matlab and Mathematica are the de facto industry standards in numerical and symbolic analysis respectively, both proprietary and non-free. Though there are many great alternatives to both of them, listed below. More info...

Mathematica
- Non-free high-level computational software program used in
scientific, engineering, and mathematical fields and other areas of
technical computing. It uses symbolic analysis.

Matlab - Non-free high-level language and interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming. It's used for getting solutions in a fast way, with a broad online support.

Finite element analysis

Elmer
- Elmer is an open source computational tool for multi-physics
problems. It has been developed by CSC in collaboration with Finnish
universities, research laboratories and industry. Download Elmer in the Ubuntu Software Center.

The
finite element method (FEM) is a numerical technique for finding
approximate solutions to partial differential equations (PDE) and their
systems, as well as (less often) integral equations. More info...

Netgen
- Netgen is a multi-platform automatic mesh generation tool written in
C++ capable of generating meshes in two and three dimensions. Netgen has
FEM-ngolve CFD-ngflow extensions. Download Netgen in the Ubuntu Software Center.

NX
- NX (formerly Unigraphics) is a commercial CAD/CAM/CAE suite used in
automotive, aeronautics and product design industries. It includes
Design, engineering analysis (static, dynamic, electro-magnetic,
thermal, using the Finite Element Method, and fluid using the finite
volume method) and manufacturing. See more information in wikipedia.

OOFem
- A free finite element code with object oriented architecture for
solving mechanical, transport and fluid mechanics problems. The aim of
this project is to provide efficient and robust tool for FEM
computations as well as to offer highly modular and extensible
environment for development.

Fluid mechanics

Fluid
mechanics is the branch of physics that studies fluids and the forces on
them. Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, fluid
kinematics and fluid dynamics. More info...

GHydraulics - It's a Quantum GIS
plugin that allows to export water supply networks for analysis in
EPANET. It also contains a function to calculate economic diameters
based on given flowrates. The functions are accessible from the Quantum
GIS plugin menu and toolbars. Download QGIS in the Ubuntu Software Center.

Fluent
- Modelling of flow, turbulence, heat transfer, and reactions for
industrial application. You will need to contact them to get it, but as
seen here, they have Linux support.

OpenFOAM
- A free, open source CFD software package to solve anything from
complex fluid flows involving chemical reactions, turbulence and heat
transfer, to solid dynamics and electromagnetics. You can check these
examples of simulation around a cylinder and around a car.

SU2
- A free and open source suite of tools for analysis and shape design
using gradient-based optimization. Includes CFD solver for both flow
equations (compressible, incompressible, turbulence models, plasma) and
adjoint equations on unstructured meshes. Also included are tools for
mesh deformation, sliding mesh interfaces, and domain decomposition for
parallel simulations. See the full list of tools for more details and the user tutorials for examples with instructions.

CAD

Computer-aided
design (CAD), is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is
used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality
of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a
database for manufacturing. More info...

CyCAS - A commercial Computer Aided Design application for architects. There is a public version available.

DraftSight
- A free 2D CAD application based on ARES, for engineers and
architects. E-mail registration required after 30 days trial. It has
AutoCAD 2010 native file support.

FreeCAD
- Modern Open Source 3D-Solid CAD. FreeCAD will aim directly to
mechanical engineering, product design and related features (like Catia,
and Solid-Works). Early state of Development. Development releases
available through a PPA, check the official site for details.