Nutrition: Key points from chapter 4

Carbohydrates are made of Carbon C, Oxygen O, and Hydrogen H. Each of these atoms can form a specified number of chemical bonds. How many can each form.

Carbon forms 4

oxygen forms 2

hydrogen forms 1

There are six simple carboydrates or sugars that are important in nutrition. They are:

glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, and lactose.

The three Monosaccharides are...... and what is their chemical formula?

Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose and all have the formula of C6 H12 O6 but their structures differ.

The Three Disaccharides are.....and what are they

Malstose, sucrose, and lactose. they are pairs of Monosaccharieds with each containing a glucose paired with one of the three monosaccharides. The sugars come primarily from plants, except lactose and its component galactose which come from milk and milk products.

True or False
A disaccharide can be broken into its two monosaccharides by a hydrolysis reaction using water.

True

The complex carbohydates are the polysaccharides which include:

glycogen, starches and dietary fibers.

Both glycogen and starch are storage forms of what?

glucose

True or False
Dietary fibers contain glucose and other monosaccharides that can be broken down by digestive enzymes to yeild energy.

False: Digestive enzymes cannot break down fiber so very little if any energy is yeilded.

In the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates the body breaks down starches into the disaccharide maltose. Malstose and the other disaccharides, lactose, and sucrose, from foods are broken down into monosaccharides. Then the monosaccharides are converted mostly to glucose to provide energy for the cells' work.

Its true

True or False
Lacotse intolerance is a common condition that occurs when there is too much lactase to digest the disaccharide lactose found in milk and milk products. Symptoms include GI distress.

False: Lactose intolerance is common when there is insufficient lactase to digest the lactose.