Senior Retirement Communities

As seen the above infographic, the term retirement community is a broad term covering many varieties of housing options for seniors. There are active senior communities, age-restricted (e.g. 50+, 55+ 62+) communities, and independent living communities.
Though these communities vary somewhat, they are all tied together by their residents: those seniors who wish to remain as independent as possible.
Retirement communities have different levels of amenities such as fitness clubs and medical facilities. And within each of these broader communities, there are sub-categories, catering specifically to lifestyles such as resort and golf communities, RV living, singles, etc.
No longer is a retirement community just a neighborhood for seniors in Florida or Arizona. Today, specialized communities covering every stage of senior living and every lifestyle have sprouted up from Alaska to Alabama.
We'll look at what you can expect from retirement communities in general. And we'll look at some of the more specialized communities out there.
Do you want to live in a single family home, condo, apartment, modular home, RV or share a home with other single seniors? You'll find all of these retirement community offerings.
Retirement communities are designed with seniors in mind. That means conveniences, ease of use, and amenities. Conveniences could be a neighboring hospital, shopping center or on-site restaurant. Homes are often fitted with easy to reach cabinet doors, higher toilets, open, single-level floor plans and other ways to make senior living easier.
Amenities include fitness centers, craft classes, billiards rooms, walking trails, indoor/outdoor pools, tennis courts, golf courses, religious services, local transportation, security, and many other ways to stay active.

Types of Retirement Communities

A senior retirement community offers three main features—security, senior-focused amenities, and a sense of community. Security ranges from gated facilities to emergency alarm response features within the senior homes. Amenities for seniors are based on the age, abilities, and interests of seniors who are 55 and older. A sense of community allows seniors to have social connections with other residents who are in the same stage of life, that being retirement.
There are four main types of senior retirement communities that fit this description. These include:

Assisted living retirement communities

Independent living retirement communities

Age-restricted retirement communities

Lifestyle retirement communities

Continue reading to learn more about each of these four categories of retirement communities for seniors.

Assisted Living Retirement Communities

In an assisted living retirement community, there is a moderate level of care provided. This type of living arrangement allows seniors to live in their own homes, i.e., apartments, condos, or single family dwellings. However, seniors also receive assistance for basic and vital needs, such as help with getting dressed, meal preparation, taking medication, and transportation.
According to the National Center for Assisted Living, these communities may also specialize in dementia care or provide tailored care for diseases. These diseases include diabetes, depression, and cardiovascular disease. Keep in mind an assisted living facility does not provide most health care services directly. However, these facilities will work in coordination with health care providers, such as dentists, hospice nurses, podiatrists, counselors, and physical therapists. This allows residents to benefit from specialized care while living in assisted living, rather than having to move to a nursing home or inpatient setting.

Independent Living Retirement Communities

Simply put, it's a community for active, healthy seniors who are able to live on their own. You can live in a home, townhouse, condo, and even a mobile home or motor home. You can own or rent or live as part of a cooperative. Think of it like living in your old neighborhood except these communities have age restrictions — usually over 55 — and most offer amenities like clubhouses, gyms, yard maintenance, housekeeping and security.
Independent living communities also typically offer transportation, laundry service, group meals, and social and cultural activities.

Age-Restricted Retirement Communities

These communities are often marketed as 55+, 60+, etc. There is a distinction within these retirement communities. Some communities—marketed as “age-qualified”—require at least one person who is 55 in at least 80% of the occupied units. These properties are regulated by the U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD) and the Housing for Older Persons. Also, those under 19 cannot be permanent residents.
The communities that are marketed to a certain age group but don't have the same age restriction are called “age-targeted”. These communities focus on their senior demographic with amenities and conveniences, but anyone can live there regardless of age.

Lifestyle Retirement Communities

With 76 million Baby Boomers beginning to retire, the demand for retirement communities is greater than ever. Your senior living options based on your lifestyle are also greater than ever. Here's a sampling of some specialized retirement communities

Retirement Community Options

When choosing the best type of retirement community, consider the options available to you based on location, financial resources, level of care, and expectations. For example, if you have unlimited funds and are an active senior, you can choose luxury retirement communities, active senior communities, and continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) anywhere in the nation.
For seniors who are on a fixed income, note that most retirement communities have two major fees. These include a one-time lump sum to pay for the housing and place within the facility. This ranges from $100,000 to $500,000 at the more modest senior retirement communities. On top of this, a senior will be responsible for paying a monthly fee that covers services, such as food, housekeeping, and activities. If you are considered low-income, you will need to look for affordable retirement housing, such as low-income senior housing. This is provided via the US Department of Housing and Urban Development or HUD through your local Department of Family and Human Services.

Retirement House Communities

For seniors who want to live in single-family housing, there are options available. These types of senior housing can be found in specialty communities, such as university-based retirement communities, senior golfing communities, senior living co-ops, and CCRCs. When purchasing a house for senior living within a retirement community you will be paying the mortgage on the home. In addition, most of these communities feature homeowners' associations, which require you to pay yearly HOA dues.
In essence, you are living in a stand-alone home in a neighborhood where you have total freedom and autonomy. Yet your neighbors are all seniors who may have the same interests and lifestyles, allowing for a cohesive community. Your HOA will typically provide services geared at seniors, such as inclusive lawn care and wheelchair-approved walkways and paths. This type of senior housing is best suited for individuals with a minimal level of care. However, you do have the flexibility to hire a private in-house nurse who can care for you in your home if needed.

Retirement Apartment Communities

The most common type of senior housing in retirement communities is apartment units. An apartment unit for luxury retirement communities is typically referred to as a condo. Meanwhile, low-income seniors can live in apartments commonly known as Section 8. Ultimately, with a senior retirement apartment, you are living in a building where all of the residents are seniors over age 55. Keep in mind with some HUD apartments there is a stipulation where only 80 percent of residents must be over 55, which means a few residents may be younger than that.
When living in an apartment for seniors, this allows for a tighter knit community since the units are connected allowing seniors to interact more regularly. Also, apartment managers may be hired to provide additional services especially for senior adults, such as meal preparation or social activities. As for paying for a retirement apartment, seniors typically pay rent on a monthly basis. Depending on the type of housing unit, i.e., a low-income apartment, the rent may be based on a government guideline or provided using stipends.

Paying for Retirement Community Living

In order to cover the cost of a mortgage along with HOA dues or monthly service fees, a senior living in a retirement house will often choose one of two routes. They will take out a reverse mortgage on their primary home or property. This mortgage allows the homeowner to use their home equity as cash that is then used to pay for a senior home. Otherwise, the senior can sell their primary home outright and use the proceeds to cover the costs of a senior house.
For a senior apartment, these are secured through monthly rent payments. This works the same as a senior apartment for adults in terms of costs; there is no lump sum to be paid up front. However, if the senior is living in an assisted living facility or specialized care, they will have to pay more for additional health care services not included in the facility's basic amenities. As reported by the American Seniors Housing Association, the cost for assisted living communities averages $3,628 a month, which is $43,536 a year.
Paying for a senior apartment on a monthly basis typically involves taking funds from several sources. This includes Social Security benefits, retirement accounts, and personal savings and investments. You may also need to utilize financial resources from your children or other family members to help pay for senior housing. Charity organizations can also help low-income seniors pay for affordable senior housing.

Beyond the Marketing Brochure

Finding the right mix of conveniences and amenities and an affordable price is the surface stuff. Factors below the surface, the ones that aren't mentioned in the marketing, are just as important. These things can go a long way to making your retirement years enjoyable.

As your tour the different communities, talk to residents. Are they part-time or year-round? Are they happy with where they live? What do they dislike about the community? Were there any surprises? Is the property management company responsive to issues or requests?

Ask the residents about the homeowner's association (HOA). Do they attend meetings? If so, how are the meetings run? Do residents get ample time to speak?

Is the developer financially solid? Are the resources in place to resolve any construction issues? What are their plans for further development? Have they built other communities? How are those communities functioning (i.e. financially, build quality, etc.)

Is there a reserve fund (aka “sinking fund”) for maintenance? This is set aside money for things like roof replacement, air conditioning replacement, etc. This fund is typically a line item on the HOA's budget.

If there is surrounding, undeveloped property, who owns it and how will it be used in the future? Is it commercial property? Mixed use? You probably don't want a shopping center or airport built in the adjacent land.

Get a copy of the HOA's bylaws. Are there any rules you couldn't live with. Some communities won't allow any changes (e.g. painting, modifying, etc.) to the exterior of the property without HOA approval. Others won't allow any flags—even the American flag—to be displayed outside.

Are There Communities or Retirement Homes Near Me?

To find a retirement community near you, start with the type of community you want to live in. The National Center for Assisted Living provides information for finding assisted living retirement communities. Search for your state to find out the state chapter of the NCAL. Go to your state's NCAL webpage to search for care providers in your state.
Finding an independent living retirement community is a bit more difficult. In most communities, you will need to search for independent living communities online or via telephone. Some communities, such as San Diego County, California, have an Independent Living Association that is part of the Department of Health and Human Services. You can check with your DHHS to see if they have such an association or listing of independent senior living communities.
For age-restricted retirement communities, you will need to contact independent living facilities to see if they have age requirements. Most of the time, the age minimum will be 55, while some housing providers will set the age limit at 62 or older. As for lifestyle retirement communities, you will want to reach out to various organizations, associations, or clubs within a certain lifestyle. For example, university-based retirement organizations are sponsored by universities and colleges. Golf course retirement communities are affiliated with golf clubhouses. Choose a lifestyle that you prefer and start your search within that niche for senior housing of this type.

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