1.
1937 in India
–
Events in the year 1937 in India. Emperor of India – George VI Viceroy of India - Victor Hope,20 February - Completion of election to legislative assemblies. 1 April - Provincial autonomy began, Burma and Aden are separated from India,13 September - The new Viceroys speech is boycotted by Congress. University of Kerla was set up, bicameral legislature of Assam province came into existence in 1937. All India Football Federation was established 2 January - Chandrashekhara Kambara, poet, playwright, folklorist,22 February - Sabitri Chatterjee, actress. 9 June - Ramchandra Gandhi, philosopher, grandson of Mahatma Gandhi,24 June - Anita Desai, novelist. 24 July - Manoj Kumar, actor and director,6 November - Yashwant Sinha, politician and Minister. 8 November - Bharath Gopi, actor, director and producer,3 December - Binod Bihari Verma, writer. 28 December - Ratan Tata, businessman, Chairman of the Tata Group, jasodhara Bagchi, feminist critic and activist. 23 November - Jagadish Chandra Bose, physicist, biologist, botanist, archaeologist and science fiction writer

2.
1936 in India
–
Events in the year 1936 in India. 8 June - All India Radio was founded, 15–18 October - Religious riots in Bombay. 28 December - Indian National Congress rejected new constitution,8 January - Jyotindra Nath Dixit, diplomat and politician. 12 January - Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, politician and former Chief Minister of Jammu, khan Pakistani nuclear scientist born in Bhopal June - Gopal Dutt Kulkarni, journalist and writer. 15 July - Prabhash Joshi, writer, editor and political analyst,9 August - Satish Kumar, peace activist and editor. 13 August - Vyjayanthimala, award-winning actress and classical dancer, november - Anant D. Adawadkar, author. 25 December - Ismail Merchant, film producer,13 August - Bhikaiji Cama, independence campaigner. 19 September - Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian classical musician,8 October - Munshi Premchand, writer in Hindi-Urdu literature and Indian Freedom fighter

3.
1935 in India
–
Events in the year 1935 in India. Emperor of India – George V Viceroy of India – The Earl of Willingdon 1935 Quetta earthquake,2 August – Government of India Bill,1935, became law, it provided for development of a popular constitution. 8 January – Supriya Devi, Bengali actress,19 January – Soumitra Chatterjee, actor. 3 May – Sujatha Rangarajan, author, short story writer,7 June – Thomas Kailath, Indian-American engineer, author, and educator 18 July – Jayendra Saraswathi, Shankaracharya of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham. 1 August – Mohinder Pratap Chand, writer and poet,23 September – Prem Chopra, actor. 24 November – Salim Khan, actor and scriptwriter,11 December – Pranab Mukherjee, politician and Minister

4.
India
–
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety

5.
1939 in India
–
Events in the year 1939 in India. Emperor of India – George VI Viceroy of India - Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow World War II breaks out in 1939, January - June 2 January - The Muslim League at Patna disapproves the Federation scheme which has already been disapproved by Congress. 29 January - Subhas Chandra Bose is reelected president of Congress at Bombay,22 February - Thirteen right-wing members of the working committee, including Pandit Nehru, resign from Congress. 28 February - The budget is presented to the Legislative Assembly in which the duty on raw cotton is doubled,3 March - In Bombay, Mohandas Gandhi begins to fast in protest of the autocratic rule in India. 12 March - Congress at Tripuri passes a resolution of adherence to the party of Gandhi,13 March - The Chamber of Princes approves its own reorganization. 20 March - A new trade agreement with the UK till 31 March 1942 is signed after two years of negotiations,15 April - The new tariff bill is rejected by the Central Legislature. 18 April - The Council of State passes the new tariff bill a second time, Bose resigns as president of Congress and is succeeded by Rajendra Prasad. 1 May - New Congress working committee announced, Bose announces the formation of a new left bloc under his leadership. July - December 8–14 September - Congress debates its attitude to the war,18 September - The Moslem League declares that the Federal scheme, now suspended, should be altogether abandoned. 17 October - The Viceroy states the Allied objectives in the war and announces that at the end of the war the Government would consult the several communities, parties and interests in India. 27–31 October - Congress working committee resolved that the Viceroys statement was wholly unsatisfactory and asked for a statement of war aims,3 November - Resignation of the ministry of the United Provinces. 5 November - Resignation of the ministry of Orissa, the Viceroy announces that the parties having met have failed to agree,9 November - Resignation of the ministry of Central Provinces. 23 November - At Allahabad the Congress working committee reaffirms its demand for recognition of Indias independence,27 December - The first contingent of Indian troops reaches France. 27 June Rahul Dev Burman, composer, singer 21 November - Mulayam Singh Yadav, politician,12 December - Swadesh Bharati, poet, novelist and literary critic. Bani Basu, author, essayist, critic and poet

8.
1st millennium
–
The first millennium was a period of time that began on January 1, AD1, and ended on December 31, AD1000, of the Julian calendar. It was the first period of one years in the Anno Domini or Common Era. In Europe and the Mediterranean, the first millennium was a time of great transition, the 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire, followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations. In Arabia, in the century, a man called Muhammad became the leader. After his death, his companions extended the religion, in East Asia, the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. In China, the Han dynasty is replaced by the Jin dynasty and later the Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties, in Japan, a sharp increase in population followed when farmers use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. In South Asia, the Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium, in Mesoamerica, the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era. Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica, in South America, pre-Incan, coastal cultures flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world. In North America, the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi, numerous cities were built, Cahokia, the largest, was based in present-day Illinois, and may have had 30,000 residents at its peak about 1250 AD. The circumference of the 10-story-high Monks Mound at Cahokia was larger than that of the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan or the Great Pyramid in Egypt

9.
2nd millennium
–
The second millennium was a period of time that began on January 1,1001 and ended on December 31,2000 of the Gregorian calendar. It was the period of one thousand years in the Anno Domini or Common Era. The Renaissance saw the beginning of the migration of humans from Europe, Africa. The interwoven international trade led to the formation of multi-national corporations, international business ventures reduced the impact of nationalism in popular thought. The world population doubled over the first seven centuries of the millennium, consequently, unchecked human activity had considerable social and environmental consequences, giving rise to extreme poverty, climate change and biotic crisis. The 2nd millennium was a period of time began on January 1,1001. It was the period of one thousand years in the Anno Domini or Common Era. The Julian calendar was used in Europe at the beginning of the millennium, so the end date is always calculated according to the Gregorian calendar, but the beginning date is usually according to the Julian calendar. Stephen Jay Gould argued that it is not possible to decide if the millennium ended on December 31,1999, or December 31,2000. The second millennium is perhaps more popularly thought of as beginning and ending a year earlier, thus starting at the beginning of 1000 and finishing at the end of 1999. Many public celebrations for the end of the millennium were held on December 31,1999 – January 1, the civilizations in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. The events in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme, the people in this section are organized according to the UN geoscheme. See also Lists of people by nationality Category, People by century Category, People by nationality and period Gottlieb, Agnes Hooper, Henry Gottlieb, Barbar Bowers,1,000 Years,1,000 People, Ranking the Men and Women Who Shaped the Millennium

10.
Indian independence movement
–
The Indian independence movement encompassed all activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule and the British Indian Empire in the Indian subcontinent. The movement spanned a total of 190 years, the early part of the 20th century saw a more radical approach towards political self-rule proposed by leaders such as the Lal, Bal, Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. The last stages of the struggle from the 1920s onwards saw Congress adopt Mohandas Karamchand Gandhis policy of nonviolence and civil resistance. Nationalist like Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh and Vinayak Damodar Sawarkar preached armed revolution to achieve self-rule, feminists such as Sarojini Naidu and Begum Rokeya promoted the emancipation of Indian women and their participation in national politics. Babasaheb Ambedkar championed the cause of the sections of Indian society within the larger self-rule movement. The period of the Second World War saw the peak of the campaigns by the Quit India Movement led by Congress, the Indian self-rule movement was a mass-based movement that encompassed various sections of society. It also underwent a process of constant ideological evolution, in 1971, East Pakistan declared independence as the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. European traders first reached Indian shores with the arrival of the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498 AD at the port of Calicut, in search of the lucrative spice trade. Just over a century later, the Dutch and English established trading outposts on the subcontinent, the decline of the Mughal empire in the first half of the eighteenth century provided the British with the opportunity to establish a firm foothold in Indian politics. After the defeat of Tipu Sultan, most of South India came either under the Companys direct rule, the Company subsequently gained control of regions ruled by the Maratha Empire, after defeating them in a series of wars. The Punjab was annexed in 1849, after the defeat of the Sikh armies in the First, in 1835, English was made the medium of instruction in Indias schools and many Indians increasingly disliked British rule. With the British now dominating most of the subcontinent, many British increasingly disregarded local customs, Puli Thevan was one of the opponents of the British rule in India. He was in conflict with the Nawab of Arcot who was supported by the British and his prominent exploits were his confrontations with Marudhanayagam, who later rebelled against the British in the late 1750s and early 1760s. Nelkatumseval the present Tirunelveli Dist of Tamil Nadu state of India was the headquarters of Puli Thevan, kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja was one of the earliest freedom fighters in India. He was the regent of the princely state of Kottiyur or Cotiote in North Malabar, near Kannur. He fought a war with tribal people from Wynad supporting him. He was caught by the British and his fort was razed to the ground, Rani Velu Nachiyar, was a queen of Indian Sivaganga in 1760–1790. She was the first queen to fight against the British in India, Rani Nachiyar was trained in war match weapons usage, martial arts like Valari, Silambam, horse riding and archery

11.
Emperor of India
–
The term Emperor of India is also used to refer to pre-British Indian emperors. The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1877, the title had been eagerly assumed by Victoria in 1876, after she had been pressuring Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Benjamin Disraeli to agree to her assuming the title for some years. The idea of having Victoria proclaimed empress of India was not new as Lord Ellenborough had already suggested it in 1843 on becoming governor-general of India. The Queen, possibly irritated by the sallies of the republicans, the tendency to democracy, by January 1876, the Queens insistence was such that the Prime Minister felt he could procrastinate no more. Another reason Queen Victoria was titled Empress of India was because her daughter Victoria was to be eventually Empress of Germany so she didnt want to be ranked behind her daughter. The new styling would underline the fact that the states were no longer a mere agglomeration. When Victorias successor Edward VII ascended the throne in 1901, he continued to use the title Emperor of India, the title continued after India became independent on 15 August 1947 until it was formally abandoned on 22 June 1948 during the reign of King George VI. When signing off Indian business, the reigning British King-Emperors or queen-empress used the initials R I or the abbreviation Ind, when a male monarch held the title his wife, the queen consort, used the style queen-empress, though she was not herself a reigning monarch. British coins and those of the Empire and Commonwealth routinely included the abbreviated title Ind, imp. although in India itself the coins said Empress, and later King Emperor. When in 1947 India became independent all coining dies had to be changed, canadian coins, for example, were minted well into 1948 stamped 1947, the new years issue indicated by a small maple leaf in one corner. In Great Britain itself the title appeared on coinage through 1948

12.
George VI
–
George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth, known as Albert until his accession, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria, and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his life in the shadow of his elder brother. He attended naval college as a teenager, and served in the Royal Navy, in 1920, he was made Duke of York. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923 and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, in the mid-1920s, he had speech therapy for a stammer, which he never fully overcame. Georges elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII upon the death of their father in 1936, however, later that year Edward revealed his desire to marry divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised Edward that for political and religious reasons he could not marry a divorced woman, Edward abdicated in order to marry, and George ascended the throne as the third monarch of the House of Windsor. During Georges reign, the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated, the parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the countrys constitution on the day of his accession. The following year, a new Irish constitution changed the name of the state to Ireland, from 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth – except Ireland – was at war with Nazi Germany. War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively, though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, George remained king of countries, but relinquished the title of Emperor of India in June 1948. Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949, George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by problems in the later years of his reign. He was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Elizabeth II, George was born at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria. His father was Prince George, Duke of York, the second and eldest-surviving son of the Prince and his mother was the Duchess of York, the eldest child and only daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Teck. His birthday was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Albert, uncertain of how the Prince Consorts widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been rather distressed. Two days later, he again, I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name Albert to her. Consequently, he was baptised Albert Frederick Arthur George at St. Mary Magdalenes Church near Sandringham three months later, within the family, he was known informally as Bertie

13.
Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow
–
Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow, KG, KT, FRSE, GCSI, GCIE, OBE was a Scottish Unionist politician, agriculturalist and colonial administrator. He served as Governor-General and Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943 and he was usually referred to simply as Linlithgow. He served as president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh. Hope was born at Hopetoun House, South Queensferry, Linlithgowshire, Scotland and he was educated at Eton College and on 29 February 1908 succeeded his father as 2nd Marquess Linlithgow. In 1912, aged only 25, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and his proposers were William Turner, Alexander Crum Brown, Cargill Gilston Knott and James Haig Ferguson. He served as the Societys Vice President from 1934 to 1937, Linlithgow served as an officer on the Western Front during the First World War, ending the war with the rank of Colonel. Transferred from Lothians and Border Horse, he commanded a battalion of the Royal Scots and he was mentioned in dispatches and appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He then served in minor roles in the Conservative governments of the 1920s and 30s. From 1922 till 1924 he served as the lord of the Admiralty. He also served as president of the Navy League from 1924 until 1931 and he was chairman of the Medical Research Council and of the governing body of the Imperial College London. Linlithgow was also chairman of the committee on the distribution and prices of produce and president of the Edinburgh. In 1926 he was chairman of the Royal Commission on Agriculture in India, influenced by submissions to the Royal Commission, a decade later, when became Viceroy of India he showed a personal interest in nutrition, pushing it to the top of the research agenda. In the 1930s he was chairman of the select committee on Indian constitutional reform. Having previously declined both the governorship of Madras and the governor-generalship of Australia, he became the Viceroy of India, travelling out to India on the P&O liner RMS Strathmore, he arrived in Bombay, with his wife, daughters, and personal staff, on 17 April 1936. With the outbreak of the Second World War, Linlithgows appeal for unity led to the resignation of the Congress ministries, on 8 August 1940 Lord Linlithgow made a statement on behalf of the British government. It was known as the August Offer and offered greater rights in the governance of India to the Indian people, the proposal was rejected by most Indian politicians, including the Congress Party and the Muslim League. Disputes between the British administration and Congress ultimately led to massive Indian civil disobedience in the Quit India Movement in 1942, Linlithgow suppressed the disturbances and arrested the Congress leaders. He is partly blamed for the Bengal famine of 1943 and his seven-year tenure as viceroy, the longest in the history of the Raj, ended in 1943

14.
Shivkumar Sharma
–
Pandit Shivkumar Sharma is an Indian Santoor player from the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Santoor is a folk instrument and he was born in Jammu to the singer Uma Dutt Sharma and his mother tongue is Dogri. His father started teaching him vocals and tabla when he was just five, Uma Dutt Sharma did extensive research on the santoor, and decided that Sharma should be the first musician to play Indian classical music on the santoor. So he started learning santoor at the age of thirteen, and he gave his first public performance in Bombay in 1955. Shivkumar Sharma is the master instrumentalist of the Santoor, after years as a vocalist. He is credited with making the Santoor a popular Classical Instrument, in a 1999 interview to rediff. com, Shivkumar said that it was his father who decided that he should play the Santoor and that he never thought he would be choosing it when he started learning music. He composed the music for one of the scenes in Shantarams Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baje in 1956. He recorded his first solo album in 1960 and he has composed music for many Hindi films in collaboration with Hariprasad Chaurasia starting with Silsila. They came to be known as the Shiv-Hari music duo, some of the movies they composed music for that were big musical hits are Faasle, Chandni, Lamhe and Darr. It was R. D. Burman who convinced him to play the tabla for this song and he did not play the tabla again for any other Hindi film song. Sharma married Manorama and has two sons and his son, Rahul, is also a Santoor Player and they have performed together since 1996

15.
Shashi Kapoor
–
Shashi Kapoor is a retired Indian film actor and film producer. He has appeared in a number of Hindi language films as well as in a few English-language films. He has also been a director and assistant director in the Hindi film industry. Shashi Kapoor is a member of the Kapoor family, a dynasty in Indias Bollywood cinema. Kapoor was born in Calcutta during British Raj, in 2011, he was honoured with the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India for his contributions to Art-Cinema. In 2015, he was awarded the 2014 Dadasaheb Phalke Award, making him the member of his family to receive the highest award in Indian Cinema after Prithviraj Kapoor. From the age of four, Shashi Kapoor acted in plays directed and produced by his father Prithviraj Kapoor and he worked in four Hindi films as a child artist from 1948 to 1954. He was a popular actor in Bollywood during the 60s, 70s. Kapoors early films, Dharmputra, Prem Patra, and Char Diwari, were in Hindi, since 1961, he started acting in English language films, which include The Householder and Shakespeare-Wallah. He was one of Indias first actors to go international, actress Nanda, who was an established star at this time, signed 8 Hindi films with Kapoor, as she believed that he could deliver good performances. Their first two films as a pair were the critically acclaimed romantic film Char Diwari and Mehndi Lagi Mere Haath. In the 1960s Kapoor acted in romantic films opposite Nanda, including Mohabbat Isko Kahete Hain, Jab Jab Phool Khile, Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare, Raja Saab. In an interview in the 1990s, Kapoor declared that Nanda was his favourite heroine, in another interview, Nanda stated that Shashi Kapoor was her favourite hero. Shashi Kapoor formed on screen pairs with Raakhee, Sharmila Tagore and he also acted opposite actresses Hema Malini, Parveen Babi, and Moushumi Chatterjee in many films. He did 10 films opposite Hema Malini and he also worked in movie Titanic. Other films include multi-starrers like Dil Ne Pukara, Trishul, Neeyat, Aandhi Toofan, Naina, Phaansi, Salaakhen, Fakira and he also worked with Rajesh Khanna in Prem Kahani. From the 1970s to early 1980s, Kapoor starred alongside Pran in 9 films which include Biradari, Chori Mera Kaam, Phaansi, Shankar Dada, Chakkar Pe Chakkar, Rahu Ketu and Maan Gaye Ustaad. Shashi Kapoor was regularly cast with Sanjeev Kumar also in films like Mukti, Trishul, Muqaddar, Swayamvar, Sawaal and he also starred in other British and American films such as Pretty Polly opposite Hayley Mills, Siddhartha, Sammy and Rosie Get Laid, and Muhafiz

16.
Bollywood
–
Bollywood is the sobriquet for Indias Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is more formally referred to as Hindi cinema, Bollywood is also one of the largest centers of film production in the world. Furthermore, Bollywood is one of the biggest film industries in the world in terms of the number of people employed, according to Matusitz, J. & Payano, P. In 2011, over 3.5 billion tickets were sold across the globe which in comparison is 900,000 tickets more than Hollywood, Bollywood produced 252 films in 2014 out of a total of 1969 films produced in Indian cinema. The name Bollywood is a derived from Bombay, India, and Hollywood, California. Bollywood does not exist as a physical place, some deplore the name, arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood. The naming scheme for Bollywood was inspired by Tollywood, the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal and it was this chance juxtaposition of two pairs of rhyming syllables, Holly and Tolly, that led to the portmanteau name Tollywood being coined. However, Tollywood is now used popularly to refer to the Telugu Film Industry in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh, the term Bollywood itself has origins in the 1970s, when India overtook America as the worlds largest film producer. Credit for the term has been claimed by different people, including the lyricist, filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna. Raja Harishchandra, by Dadasaheb Phalke, is known as the first silent feature film made in India, by the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Iranis Alam Ara, was a commercial success. There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals, Bollywood, the 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times, India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, in 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of Alam Ara fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, Kisan Kanya. The next year, he made another film, a version of Mother India. However, colour did not become a feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the fare at the cinema. Following Indias independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s is regarded by historians as the Golden Age of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this period, examples include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa and Kaagaz Ke Phool and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara, Shree 420 and Dilip Kumars Aan

17.
Sheila Dikshit
–
Sheila Dikshit is an Indian politician who was the Chief Minister of Delhi from 1998 to 2013. She is a member of the Indian National Congress, Dikshit led the Congress to three consecutive electoral victories in Delhi. Subsequently, she was sworn in as Governor of Kerala on 11 March 2014, however, she resigned on 25 August 2014. She was educated at the Convent of Jesus and Mary School in New Delhi, during the period between 1984 and 1989, she represented Kannauj parliamentary constituency of Uttar Pradesh. As a member of Parliament, she served on the Estimates Committee of Lok Sabha, Dikshit also chaired the Implementation Committee for Commemoration of Forty Years of Indias Independence and Jawaharlal Nehru centenary. She represented India at United Nations Commission on Status of Women for five years and she also served as a Union Minister during 1986–1989, first as the Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs and later as a Minister of State in the Prime Ministers Office. In Uttar Pradesh, she and her 82 colleagues were jailed in August 1990 for 23 days by the government when she led a movement against the atrocities being committed on women. Earlier, in the early 1970s, she was chairperson of the Young Womens Association and was instrumental in the setting up two of the most successful hostels for working women in Delhi and she is also the Secretary of the Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust. In the 1998 parliamentary elections, Dikshit was defeated by Bharatiya Janata Partys Lal Bihari Tiwari in East Delhi constituency, later, Dikshit became Chief Minister of Delhi in 1998. She served for nearly 15 years as the Chief Minister of Delhi until 2013, Dikshit represented the Gole Market assembly constituency in the 1998 and 2003 Assembly elections and New Delhi constituency from 2008. The Lokayukta later dropped the corruptions claims, the complainant then sought to book Dikshit under the Representation of People’s Act, claiming she had been misrepresenting facts about the flats her government had built for the urban poor. The case is now nearing a verdict with the final arguments having begun, Dikshit hit back at the Lokayukta, stating, cant be the sole judge of what is unethical and the anti-graft watchdog should limit itself to core corruption issues. In November 2009, Dikshit came under criticism for granting parole to convicted murderer Manu Sharma after media reports of him visiting night clubs in Delhi emerged, Sharma was jailed for murdering Jessica Lal and is serving a life sentence. Dikshit defended her decision to sign the papers, declaring nothing illegal or unlawful was done in extending the benefit to the prisoner. The Delhi high court noted that she had given preferential treatment to Sharma in granting parole while neglecting such pleas of poor people languishing in jail for years. Asked about the high courts criticism of the decision, Dikshit justified her position, saying whatever files I receive, Dikshit pointed out Delhi Lt governor paving way for Sharmas parole. Dikshit was accused of regarding the 2010 Commonwealth Games. The Comptroller and Auditor General report allegedly blamed her for irregularities in imported equipment for lighting in the city during the games

18.
Delhi
–
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi or NCT, is a city and a union territory of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east, the NCT covers an area of 1,484 square kilometres. According to 2011 census, Delhis city population was about 11 million, Delhis urban area is now considered to extend beyond the NCT boundary to include an estimated population of over 26 million people making it the worlds second largest urban area. As of 2016 recent estimates of the economy of its urban area have ranked Delhi either the top or second most productive metro area of India. Delhi is the second wealthiest city after Mumbai in India, with a wealth of $450 billion. Delhi has been inhabited since the 6th century BC. Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of various kingdoms and it has been captured, ransacked and rebuilt several times, particularly during the medieval period, and modern Delhi is a cluster of a number of cities spread across the metropolitan region. New Delhi is jointly administered by the government of India and the local government of Delhi. Delhi is also the centre of the National Capital Region, which is a unique interstate regional planning area created by the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985, Delhi ranks among the cities with the worst air pollution in the world. There are a number of myths and legends associated with the origin of the name Delhi, one of them is derived from Dhillu or Dilu, a king who built a city at this location in 50 BC and named it after himself. The coins in circulation in the region under the Tomaras were called dehliwal, according to the Bhavishya Purana, King Prithiviraja of Indraprastha built a new fort in the modern-day Purana Qila area for the convenience of all four castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the fort and later named the fort dehali, another theory suggests that the citys original name was Dhillika. The people of Delhi are referred to as Delhiites or Dilliwalas, the city is referenced in various idioms of the Northern Indo-Aryan languages. Dilli dilwalon ka shehr or Dilli Dilwalon ki meaning Delhi belongs to the large-hearted/daring, aas-paas barse, Dilli pani tarse, literally meaning it pours all around, while Delhi lies parched. An allusion to the sometimes semi-arid climate of Delhi, it refers to situations of deprivation when one is surrounded by plenty. The area around Delhi was probably inhabited before the second millennium BC, the city is believed to be the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic Mahabharata. According to Mahabharata, this land was initially a huge mass of forests called Khandavaprastha which was burnt down to build the city of Indraprastha, the earliest architectural relics date back to the Maurya period, in 1966, an inscription of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka was discovered near Srinivaspuri. Remains of eight cities have been discovered in Delhi

19.
Girish Karnad
–
Girish Raghunath Karnad is an Indian actor, film director, writer playwright and a Rhodes Scholar, who predominantly works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood. His rise as a playwright in 1960s, marked the coming of age of modern Indian playwriting in Kannada, just as Badal Sarkar did in Bengali, Vijay Tendulkar in Marathi and he is a recipient of the 1998 Jnanpith Award, the highest literary honour conferred in India. For four decades Karnad has been composing plays, often using history and he has translated his plays into English and has received acclaim. He is active in the world of Indian cinema working as an actor, director, Girish Karnad was born in Matheran, Maharashtra in a Saraswat Brahmin Konkani family, to Rao Saheb Dr Karnad and Krishna Bai Mankeekara. Krishna Bai was a widow and was serving as a homemaker for Rao Saheb, Rao Saheb and Krishna Bai married according to Arya Samaj tradition. His initial schooling was in Marathi, in Sirsi, Karnataka, he was exposed to travelling theatre groups, Natak Mandalis as his parents were deeply interested in their plays. As a youngster, Karnad was an ardent admirer of Yakshagana and his family moved to Dharwad in Karnataka when he was 14 years old, where he grew up with his two sisters and niece. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics and statistics from Karnatak Arts College, Dharwad, Karnad was elected President of the Oxford Union in 1963. After working with the Oxford University Press, Chennai for seven years, while in Madras he got involved with local amateur theatre group, The Madras Players. During 1987–88, he was at the University of Chicago as visiting professor, during his tenure at Chicago Nagamandala had its world premiere at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis based on Karnads English translation of the Kannada original. Most recently, he served as director of the Nehru Centre and as Minister of Culture and he served as director of the Film and Television Institute of India and chairman of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the National Academy of the Performing Arts. Karnad is known as a playwright and his plays, written in Kannada, have been translated into English and some Indian languages. When Karnad started writing plays, Kannada literature was influenced by the renaissance in Western literature. Writers would choose a subject that looked entirely alien to manifestation of native soil, I could actually hear the dialogues being spoken into my ears. I was just the scribe, said Karnad in a later interview, Yayati was published in 1961, when he was 23 years old. It is based on the story of King Yayati, one of the ancestors of the Pandavas, who was cursed into premature old age by his preceptor, Shukracharya, Yayati in turn asks his sons to sacrifice their youth for him, and one of them agrees. It ridicules the ironies of life through characters in Mahabharata and it became an instant success, immediately translated and staged in several other Indian languages. This established Karnad, now 26 years old, as a playwright in the country

20.
Sanjeev Kumar
–
For the politician from Jharkhand, see Sanjiv Kumar. Sanjeev Kumar was a noted Indian film actor and he won several major awards including two National Film Awards for Best Actor for his performances in the movies Dastak and Koshish. He acted in genres ranging from drama to thrillers. Unlike his peers, Sanjeev Kumar did not mind playing roles that were non-glamorous, movies like Sholay and Trishul exemplify his talents. He is well remembered for his versatility and genuine portrayal of his characters, Sanjeev Kumar was born as Harihar Jethalal Jariwala in Surat, Gujarat, to a Gujarati Leuva Patel family and spent his early years in Surat. His family eventually settled in Mumbai, a stint in a film school led him to Bollywood, where he eventually became an accomplished actor. Sanjeev Kumar had two brothers and one sister. Kumar started his career as stage actor, starting with IPTA in Mumbai. Even as a actor, he had a penchant for playing older roles, at age 22. Sanjeev Kumar made his debut with a small role in Hum Hindustani in 1960. Sanjeevs first film as a protagonist was the 1965 Nishan, in 1968, he acted alongside a famous actor of those times, Dilip Kumar, in Sangharsh. In 1970, the movie Khilona brought him recognition, in 1972, he played in an Indo-Iranian film Subah aur Shaam. This was when director Gulzar first spotted him, later he was to cast Kumar in the roles of man in Koshish, Aandhi. In the following year, in a play Damru directed by AK Hangal and he went on to star in the box office hits Seeta Aur Geeta, Manchali and Aap Ki Kasam. In 1973, he made a guest appearance during a song in a Tamil movie and he started working with Gulzar, a well-known director, in the early 1970s. He performed in nine movies with Gulzar, including Koshish, Aandhi, Mausam, Angoor and it was the producers and directors of the South, who wanted to remake their Tamil and Telugu films, in Hindi with either Sanjeev or Rajesh Khanna in lead. It was these Hindi film remakes which elevated him to a great actor, the film Khilona and its Tamil version Engirundho Vandhaal were made simultaneously. Sanjeev reprised the role played by Thengai Srinivasan in Yehi Hai Zindagi which was remake of Kaliyuga Kannan and he played the role which N. T. Rama Rao did originally in Devina Chesina Manushulu, in its Hindi version Takkar

21.
1985 in India
–
Events in the year 1985 in the Republic of India. President of India – Zail Singh Prime Minister of India – Rajiv Gandhi 10 April - Chakravarty Committee was set up by the RBI to review the working of monetary system. By mid-1985, the preemption on banks resources in the form of the Statutory Liquidity Ratio. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act is passed by Parliament, the Administrative tribunals in Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta and Allahabad were established by Administrative Tribunals Act,1985. The Special Protection Group is created, indira Gandhi National Open University is established by an Act of Indian Parliament. Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act is passed by parliament, texas Instruments, a Multinational corporation, starts its India operations in Bangalore and helps create infrastructure to export software via satellite communications from India for the first time. 9 May - Neha Bamb, actress,19 June - Kajal Aggarwal, actress. 11 November - Robin Uthappa, cricketer,6 November - Sanjeev Kumar, actor

22.
2004 in India
–
Events in the year 2004 in the Republic of India. President of India, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Prime Minister of India, sangma quits the Nationalist Congress Party and decides to ally with the ruling National Democratic Alliance. 28 January – BJP president Venkaiah Naidu elected for three-year term,28 January – The Border Security Force busts a hideout of pro-Pakistan Hizbul Mujahideen in Pulwama District of south Kashmir and recovers a huge quantity of ammunition and explosives. 28 January – Commerce minister Arun Jaitley announced the Cabinet decision to free gold,6 April – The biggest ever Indo-French naval exercise Varuna 2004 gets underway off the coast of Goa.20 April – First phase of polling for fourteenth Lok Sabha elections covering 141 constituencies. 26 April – Second phase of polling for fourteenth Lok Sabha elections covering 137 constituencies,5 May – Third phase of polling for fourteenth Lok Sabha elections covering 83 constituencies. 10 May – Fourth and last phase of polling for fourteenth Lok Sabha elections covering 182 constituencies,13 May – Results for the fourteenth Lok Sabha elections announced, the ruling National Democratic Alliance loses, as the Indian National Congress wins a surprise victory. 20 May – Dr. Manmohan Singh sworn in as the new minister of India. 1 June – Justice Ramesh Chandra Lahoti appointed Chief Justice of India,14 July – Lalu Prasad Yadav, amidst walkouts by the opposition in both houses orders a high-level departmental inquiry into the Godhra tragedy in 2002. 18 July – Uttar Pradesh Bharatiya Janata Party chief Vinay Katiyar resigns from his post on the direction of the party high command,28 July – Maninder Pal Singh Kohli admits to having raped and murdered British teenager Hannah Foster in an interview to a private television channel. 1 August – The senior citizen savings scheme offering a high nine percent taxable return is expected to be launched,31 August – Union minister Ghulam Nabi Azads brother Ghulam Abbas Azad is attacked by terrorists, seriously injuring his security guard in Doda District of Jammu and Kashmir. 22 September – Terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir make an attempt on the life of Jammu. 17 October – Assembly elections Congress and alliance win Maharashtra election Maharashtra,11 November – Shankaracharya of Kanchi Jayendra Saraswathi is arrested on charges of murdering a temple manager. 20 November – Policemen and soldiers recover 300 kg of RDX from a store near Anantnag. 25 November – The Indian political party Congress Jananayaka Peravai merges into the Indian National Congress,27 November – Lieutenant General Joginder Jaswant Singh is named the next Chief of the Army Staff of Indian Army. He will succeed General N C Vij when he retires on 31 January,21 December – Zahira Sheikh, key witness in Best Bakery case is declared hostile by the prosecution after she went back on her police statement during the retrial. More than 18,000 reported killed in India and 280,000 across the globe,12 November – Veer-Zaara is released in Indian cinemas and is a huge blockbuster. 28 January – Former all-rounder Robin Singh appointed coach of the under-19 Indian cricket team for the junior World Cup to be played in Bangladesh in April,24 March – India win the ODI cricket series in Pakistan. 2 April – India win the 1st Test Match,10 October – Australia wins First Test Match between India and Australia by 217 runs

23.
Jayant Narlikar
–
Jayant Vishnu Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist. Narlikar is a proponent of steady state cosmology and he developed with Sir Fred Hoyle the conformal gravity theory, commonly known as Hoyle–Narlikar theory. It synthesises Albert Einsteins Theory of Relativity and Machs Principle and it proposes that the inertial mass of a particle is a function of the masses of all other particles, multiplied by a coupling constant, which is a function of cosmic epoch. In cosmologies based on theory, the gravitational constant G decreases strongly with time. Narlikar was born in Kolhapur, India on 19 July 1938 in a Karhade family of scholars and his father, Vishnu Vasudev Narlikar, was a mathematician who served as a professor and the Head of the Department of Mathematics at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Jayants mother, Sumati Narlikar, was a scholar of Sanskrit and his maternal uncle was the distinguished statistician V. S. Huzurbazar. Narlikar received his Bachelor of Science degree from Banaras Hindu University in 1957 and he then began his studies at Fitzwilliam House, Cambridge University in England, where he received a B. A. in mathematics in 1959 and was Senior Wrangler. In 1960, he won the Tyson Medal for astronomy, during his doctoral studies at Cambridge, he won the Smiths Prize in 1962. After receiving his PhD in 1963 under the guidance of Fred Hoyle, he served as a Berry Ramsey Fellow at Kings College in Cambridge and earned an M. A. in astronomy and he continued to work as a Fellow at Kings College until 1972. In 1966, Fred Hoyle established the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy in Cambridge, in 1972, Narlikar took up Professorship at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai, India. At the TIFR, he was in charge of the Theoretical Astrophysics Group, in 1988, the Indian University Grants Commission set up the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Pune, and Narlikar became the Founder-Director of IUCAA. In 1981, Narlikar became a member of the World Cultural Council. Narlikar is internationally known for his work in cosmology, especially in championing models alternative to the popular Big Bang model, during 1994–1997, he was the President of the Cosmology Commission of the International Astronomical Union. His research work has involved Machs Principle, quantum cosmology, Narlikar was part of a study which cultured microorganisms from stratospheric air samples obtained at 41 km. According to the study, Such findings have implications for the budding field of astrobiology besides providing important inputs into the question of how life started on our planet. Narlikar has received national and international awards and honorary doctorates. Indias second highest civilian honour, Padma Vibhushan, was awarded to him in 2004 for his research work, prior to this, in 1965, he was conferred Padma Bhushan. He was awarded Rashtra Bhushan in 1981 by FIE Foundation, Ichalkaranji and he received Maharashtra Bhushan Award for the year 2010

24.
Astrophysics
–
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space. Among the objects studied are the Sun, other stars, galaxies, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium and their emissions are examined across all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the properties examined include luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition. In practice, modern astronomical research often involves an amount of work in the realms of theoretical and observational physics. Although astronomy is as ancient as recorded history itself, it was separated from the study of terrestrial physics. Their challenge was that the tools had not yet been invented with which to prove these assertions, for much of the nineteenth century, astronomical research was focused on the routine work of measuring the positions and computing the motions of astronomical objects. Kirchhoff deduced that the lines in the solar spectrum are caused by absorption by chemical elements in the Solar atmosphere. In this way it was proved that the elements found in the Sun. Among those who extended the study of solar and stellar spectra was Norman Lockyer and he thus claimed the line represented a new element, which was called helium, after the Greek Helios, the Sun personified. By 1890, a catalog of over 10,000 stars had been prepared that grouped them into thirteen spectral types, most significantly, she discovered that hydrogen and helium were the principal components of stars. This discovery was so unexpected that her dissertation readers convinced her to modify the conclusion before publication, however, later research confirmed her discovery. By the end of the 20th century, studies of astronomical spectra had expanded to cover wavelengths extending from radio waves through optical, x-ray and it is the practice of observing celestial objects by using telescopes and other astronomical apparatus. The majority of observations are made using the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio astronomy studies radiation with a greater than a few millimeters. The study of these waves requires very large radio telescopes, infrared astronomy studies radiation with a wavelength that is too long to be visible to the naked eye but is shorter than radio waves. Infrared observations are made with telescopes similar to the familiar optical telescopes. Objects colder than stars are studied at infrared frequencies. Optical astronomy is the oldest kind of astronomy, telescopes paired with a charge-coupled device or spectroscopes are the most common instruments used. The Earths atmosphere interferes somewhat with optical observations, so adaptive optics, in this wavelength range, stars are highly visible, and many chemical spectra can be observed to study the chemical composition of stars, galaxies and nebulae

25.
Poornachandra Tejaswi
–
At early stages of his writing career, Tejaswi wrote poems but later concentrated on short stories, novels and essays. Poornachandra Tejaswi has a style of writing which has heralded a new era in Kannada literature. Tejaswi was born on 8 September 1938 in Kuppali in Shimoga district of Karnataka, although he was the son of Rashtrakavi Kuvempu, he came out of his fathers shadow and established his own image at an early age. Apart from literature he was involved in painting, photography and philosophy. He was a keen learner of nature and his favourite pastime was to roam around in the forests of western ghats and he has 2 daughters Susmitha and Eshanye who are software professionals. His wife Rajeshwari stays in Niruttara, Mudigere, Tejaswi has written in almost all forms of literature including poems, short stories, novels, travel literature, plays and science fiction. Nature and incidents related to nature enjoy major roles in most of his works, one of the most popular writers in Kannada, Tejaswis works have continued to remain popular, going into multiple prints and often topping readers charts. Karvalo is one such novel where the author participates in an adventure of discovering a flying lizard in the forests of Western Ghats. Tejaswi has translated a number of English books to Kannada enriching the depth of Kannada literature and his famous translations include the series on Kenneth Andersons hunting expeditions and Henri Charrières Papillon. Tejaswi wrote his first novel, Kaadu Mattu Kraurya, when he was a 24-year-old in 1962, the novel is expected to be in print for the first time towards the end of 2012. He had initially planned to name this work Nalini but later decided to go by its present title, Tejaswi was inspired to write the novel after visiting his wife Rajeshwaris maternal home in the forested Malnad region of Karnataka. Hosa Vicharagalu At the end of the millennium Tejaswi undertook a gigantic task of bringing some of the greatest works of twentieth century, the collection of publishing were called the Millennium series. It is in volumes 1 to 16.00 p. m, Tejaswi heralded a new wave, when he compiled Kuvempus Sri Ramayana Darshanam in Kuvempus handwriting. The Government of Karnataka aided the effort with grants, but the cost of the book was high, a controversy started in early 2004 demanding inducting Madhwacharyas name in Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate, written by Kuvempu. Tejaswi, as son of Kuvempu and holder of copyrights of Kuvempus articles, while some intellectuals condemned the daubing incident of Belgaum Mayor Vijay Mores face with black paint on 11 November 2005, Tejaswi rhetorically asked if More deserved Fair & Lovely instead. Tejaswi had a great appetite and was known for his fondness for good food, Poornachandra Tejaswis, Annana Nenapu, although not an autobiography, extensively narrates his childhood and early life. Nanna Tejaswi is a written by Poornachandra Tejaswis wife, Rajeshwari. Kaadina santa Tejaswi by Dhananjay Jeevala, Kannada Kannada literature TEJASWI VISMAYA – To Realize Poornachandra Tejaswis Life – Literature – Thoughts Poornachandra Tejaswi at the Internet Movie Database Pampa Award to Tejaswi in 2001

26.
2007 in India
–
Events in the year 2007 in the Republic of India. On 14 March,14 villagers were killed in police firing,10 January – India launches four satellites at a time with their PSLV-C7 rocket, including the SRE-1 test article, which will return to Earth in a test for a future Indian manned spaceflight program. 22 January – Indian spacecraft SRE1 successfully completes a twelve-day orbital test flight,24 January – India and Russia agree to jointly develop fifth-generation stealth fighter jets. Bombs were set off in two carriages, both filled with passengers, just after the train passed Diwana station near the Indian city of Panipat,80 kilometres north of New Delhi,68 people were killed in the ensuing fire and dozens more were injured. 20 February – A river boat carrying children on a trip on the Periyar River in southern India capsizes, killing at least 18 students. 15 March – Naxalite rebels attack a police outpost in the Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh, India, killing at least 49 officers and looting their weapons. 16 April – At least 11 people die in southern India as a train runs into a minibus carrying local officials near the village of Thirumatpur in Tamil Nadu. 18 May –18 May 2007 Hyderabad Bombing,9 people are killed in a bomb blast at the Mecca Masjid mosque in the Indian city of Hyderabad,19 July – Prathiba Patilis elected as the first female President of India. 25 August – Forty-four people are dead after two bombs explode in Hyderabad, August – India and the United States release the text of 123 agreement. This has been controversial in the Indian political environment with both Left and NDA opposing the UPA over the issue. 11 November – Miss India-Earth Pooja Chitgopekar won in Miss Earth 2007 beauty pageant as Miss Earth-Air held in Manila,21 November – Calcutta - Protests over Bangladeshi feminist writer Taslima Nasreen turn into deadly riots, troops are deployed. 22 December – Narendra Modi led government in Gujarat completes its term,24 December - Kautilya Pandit, prodigy 27 January - Kamleshwar, writer, screenwriter, critic and essayist. 28 January - O. P. Nayyar, film music director,2 February - Vijay Arora, actor. 4 March - Sunil Kumar Mahato, politician, assassinated,5 April - Leela Majumdar, writer. 5 April - Poornachandra Tejaswi, writer and novelist,13 April - Dhulipala Seetharama Sastry, actor. 27 May - Ibrahim Saeed, journalist, editor and scholar,27 May - G. Srinivasan, film producer. 13 June - Ramchandra Gandhi, philosopher, grandson of Mahatma Gandhi,15 June - Dr. Mohamad Abdul Tayyab, agricultural scientist. 2 July - Dilip Sardesai, cricketer,8 July - Chandra Shekhar, politician, 11th Prime Minister of India

27.
Jayan
–
Krishnan Nair, better known by his stage name Jayan, was an Indian film actor, naval officer, stunt performer and cultural icon of the 1970s. He starred in over 120 Malayalam films, during his film career, he was primarily an action star and was particularly famous for his macho image and unique style. He was reputed for his appeal and well known for performing stunts of a dangerous nature on his own. By the late 1970s, he became the most popular lead actor and bankable star of Malayalam cinema and has been acclaimed as the first action hero of Malayalam cinema. Jayan was a Master Chief Petty Officer in the Indian Navy, before he came to films and rose to fame as an actor in a short time. He died at the age of 41, at the peak of his popularity and these movements were fuelled by a renewed fascination with his style of dialogue delivery and his machismo image. These were claimed to honour his memories but were criticised for parodying the legendary actor years after his death. Jayan was born in Kollam, Travancore as the first child of his father Thevalli, Kottaram Veetil Madhavan Pillai and he had a younger brother named Soman Nair. Malayalam actor Jayabharathi who was his first cousin introduced him to the film industry, Jayans formal education ended at 10th grade at Kollam Govt. Boys High School when he joined the Indian Navy, the first accolades for his acting skills reached him when he was a naval sailor. He used to act in plays at various functions like anniversaries, the encouragement from his friends and colleagues in the Navy gave him the desire to act in films. Jayan served in the Indian Navy for 16 years, culminating in the rank of Master CPO, by the end of his navy days he had begun efforts to start small businesses at Ernakulam and became a regular inhabitant of the Cochin Tourist Home. During his life at Ernakulam he would some of his lifelong friends. A year later, he left the Indian Navy and started trying his hand at various civilian jobs, Jayan did make a few random uncredited appearances in some movies of the early 1970s first of which was in Postmane Kanmanilla. These minor appearances were before he attained the screen name Jayan, according to his nephew, he had the role of a vampire like character in an unnamed project costarred by Vidhubala, which was never released. His first appearance with the name Jayan was in the movie Shapa Moksham which is credited as his first film. The name Jayan was given to him by veteran Malayalam actor Jose Prakash on the sets of Shapa Moksham, Jayan started his career by acting in minor roles starting with Shapa Moksham. Jayan got his first major break appearing as a character in Panchami playing the role of a forest ranger

29.
Nabaneeta Dev Sen
–
Nabaneeta Dev Sen, Padma Shri is an award-winning Indian poet, novelist and academic. Nabaneeta Dev Sen was born in Kolkata, to the poet-couple Narendra Dev, in addition to Bengali and English, she reads Hindi, Oriya, Assamese, French, German, Sanskrit, and Hebrew. Graduating with a degree in 1958, she married Amartya Sen in the following year. In 1976 they were divorced and she went abroad for higher studies, Nabaneeta Dev Sen lives in Kolkata, in her parental house Bhalo-Basa, where she was born, now declared a Heritage Building. She has two daughters, Antara Dev Sen and Nandana Sen, with former husband economist Amartya Sen and she graduated from Presidency College and received her masters degree from Jadavpur University, Calcutta, and a Masters with Distinction from Harvard University. She earned her PhD from Indiana University, Nabaneeta Dev Sen completed her post-doctoral research at the University of California at Berkeley, and Newnham College, Cambridge University. She was also a University Grants Commission Senior Fellow at University of Delhi and she has been a visiting professor and a visiting creative writer at several universities in the United States, including Harvard, Cornell, Rutgers, Columbia, Smith College, and Chicago. In Canada, she has been visiting professor at Toronto, York, other countries where she has participated as professor include Mexico, England, Germany, France, and Japan. Nabaneeta Dev Sen has delivered the Radhakrishnan Memorial Lecture series at Oxford University on epic poetry and she has held the Maytag Chair of Creative Writing and Comparative Literature at Colorado College 1988–1989. She has represented herself and India in many conferences, both academic and literary. These conferences have been presented at the Festival of India USA1986, the Frankfurt Book Fair 1993, and she has been the Vice-President of Indian National Comparative Literature Association, chief editor of Bengali in the Macmillans Modern Indian Novel Series. She has also served as Member of the Jury of important literary awards including the Jnanpith award, Saraswati Samman, Kabir Samman, Nabaneeta Dev Sen is the Vice-President of the Bangiya Sahitya Parishat. She is the founder and president of West Bengal Women Writers Association, in 2002, Nabaneeta Dev Sen retired as Professor of Comparative Literature at Jadavpur University, Calcutta. She has been working with the treatment of women in world epics and her first collection of poems Pratham Pratyay was published in 1959. Nabaneeta Dev Sens short stories and travelogues are a combination of fine humour, deep human concern, and high intellect. Her first short story collection was Monsieur Hulor Holiday, travelogues like Karuna tomar kon path diye and Truckbaahane Myakmahane have become classics in Bengali literature. Additional notable works include Bama-bodhini, Nati Nabanita, Srestha kabita and she is a well-known childrens author in Bengali for her fairy tales and adventure stories, with girls as protagonist. She has also written prize-winning one-act plays, the Times of India biog on Nabaneeta Deb Sen

30.
Manohar Singh
–
Manohar Singh was a distinguished Indian theatre actor-director and a character actor in Hindi films. He is best known for his performances in such as Party. Starting his acting career from theatre, he went on to become a director and later the chief of National School of Drama Repertory Company,1976 to 1988. As a theatre actor his most known performances were in Tughlaq directed by Ebrahim Alkazi, Himmat Mai and Begum Barve by Nissar and he was awarded the 1982 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Acting by Sangeet Natak Akademi. He provides the voice-over in the annual Shriram Bharatiya Kala Kendra production Ram, the audience can hear the commentary in his voice, providing structure and continuity to the narrative. Born in 1938 in a village called Kwara near Shimla in Himachal Pradesh. He graduated from National School of Drama in 1971, and soon after started directing plays with NSD Repertory Company, later in 1976 he became the second chief of the NSD Repertory Company and remained so until 1988. He was awarded the 1982 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award by Sangeet Natak Akademi, Indias National Academy of Music, dance and he is best known for his spectacular performance in and as Tughlaq directed by his mentor Ebrahim Alkazi, the founder of NSD. He had a film and television career that started with the controversial film based on emergency, Kissa Kursi Ka. His last film was Everybody Says Im Fine. in 2001 and he appeared in many successful serials on television including Neena Guptas Dard and Pal Chhin. He died of cancer on 14 November 2002, in New Delhi. Kissa Kursi Ka Party Damul Tamas New Delhi Times Yeh Woh Manzil To Nahin Main Azaad Hoon Daddy Ek Din Achanak Chandni Lekin. Patthar Ke Phool Kasba Diksha Lamhe Sadak Tirangaa Karm Yodha Rudaali Gunaah Divya Shakti Aaja Meri Jaan 1942, A Love Story Tarpan Dushmani, theatre of India Bhartendu Academy of Dramatic Arts Manohar Singh, Jaidev Taneja, NSD PUBLICATIONS,2002. Manohar Singh at the Internet Movie Database

31.
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
–
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, alternatively spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee, was a prominent Bengali novelist and short story writer of early 20th century. Most of his works deal with the lifestyle, tragedy, struggle of the village people and he remains the most popular, most translated, most adapted, and most plagiarized Indian author of all time. Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September 1876, in Devanandapur and his father Motilal Chattopadhyay was an idler and dreamer who held irregular jobs. He could not finish novels and stories that he had started writing and he, wife Bhuvanmohini, and their five children lived for many years in his father-in-law Kedarnath Gangopadhyays house in Bhagalpur, Bihar. Sarat Chandra was a daring, adventure-loving boy, most of his schooling was in informal village schools called pathshalas. He was a student and got a double promotion that enabled him to skip a grade. He passed his Entrance Examination but could not take his F. A. examination or attend college due to lack of funds, Sarat Chandra started writing in his early teens. After finishing his studies, he spent much of his time interacting with friends, acting in plays. Several of his famous novels and stories were written during this period, in 1893, Sarat Chandra moved to Burma. He got a job in Burma Railways audit office and later worked for many years in Burmas public works accounts office. While living in Rangoon, he married his first wife Shanti and he was deeply hurt when his wife and one-year-old son died from plague. He married his second wife Mokshada also in Rangoon and taught her to read and she outlived him by 23 years. In 1916, Sarat Chandra moved backed to India and settled in Howrah and he devoted himself to writing and established himself as one of Indias major novelist and story writer. He was involved in Indias freedom struggle and served as the president of Howrah district branch of Indian National Congress, university of Calcutta awarded him the prestigious Jagattarini medal. University of Dacca awarded him an honorary doctorate, on 2 Magh 1344 or 15 January 1938 he died, from cancer of the liver. After returning from Burma, Chattopadhyay stayed for 11 years in Baje Shibpur, then he made a house in the village of Samtabere. He spent the years of his life as a novelist in Samtabere. His house in Samtaber is often called as Sarat Chandra Kuthi in the map of Samtaber or Samta, the two storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandras brother, Swami Vedananda, who was a disciple of Belur Math