The cocci come in pairs (diplococci), strings or
chains (streptococci), or clusters, like grapes (staphylococci). Typical diplococci
are the gonococcus, cause of gonorrhea, and the pneumococcus, cause of
pneumonia. Streptococci are responsible for “step” infections, such as the sore
throat that is often a forerunner of rheumatic fever. Staphylococci are often
present in boils.

The discovery that bacteria cause disease was one
of the greatest of all advances in medical science. Chief credit for the germ
theory of disease goes to the French chemist, Louis Pasteur, the German country
doctor, Robert Koch. Their lifesaving work was done in the last third of the 19th
century.

Предложение, соответствующее тексту

: Bacteria are tiny many celled plants without green
coloring matter.

: Bacteria come in many different sizes but in three
principal shapes.

: The cocci come in pairs (streptococci), string or
chains (diplococci) or clusters, like grapes (staphylococci).

: The discovery that bacteria cause disease was one
of the greatest of all advances in ecological science.

I:

S: Прочтите текст

Each person in the UK produces around a
third of a ton of household rubbish, or
domestic waste per annum. This waste does not just disappear once your dustbin has been emptied, but has to be disposed of. So, what happens to it? Some of our
domestic waste is burned in incinerators and some of it is recycled. 90% of our
waste, however, goes into landfill sites.

On the face of it,
landfill sites appear to be the ideal solution to the problem of waste disposal.
Unfortunately, the opposite is true. As domestic waste rots down, it
produces a liquid called "Leachate", which is difficult to control.
On sites with permeable bases, it seeps down and contaminates the
surrounding land and water table. Landfill sites also produce the gases carbon
dioxide and methane, which contribute to global warming. Methane is also an
explosive gas which is therefore potentially very dangerous.

Reductions needed
in the amount of waste which goes into incinerators and landfill sites can be
brought about by adhering to the maximum: reduce – reuse – recycle. Recycling
cannot take place if people are not willing to separate their refuse: place
glass, paper, plastic, metal, etc., into separate bags and dispose them
separately.

Предложение, которое соответствует тексту

: Each person in
the USA produces around a third of ton of household rubbish per annum.

: All of our
domestic waste is burned in incinerators.

: Landfill sites
also produce the gases carbon dioxide and methane, which contribute to global
warming.

: Recycling can
take place if people are not willing to separate their refuse.

Basking sharks are becoming extinct. There
are now urgent calls for the sharks to be given international protection. They
feed on plankton and grow as long as a coach. As many as 5000 are killed each
year worldwide: they are harpooned for their fins and tails, which are cut off
and exported to Eastern Asia for soup. The mutilated sharks, which are harmless
to people despite weighing up to two tonnes and growing up to 35feet long, are
dumped and sink to the seabed to die. Catching them in British waters is banned
and protection was further tightened here, but there is still a quota for 400
tonnes of shark livers in other EU waters.

Satellites allow the sharks to be tracked all over
the world and give a picture of the basking sharks’ activities underwater. To
fix satellite equipment, two boards, recently bought by the Basking Shark
Society, are being used. Interest in the society is extraordinary. The club has
members throughout the world, including the United States and Australia.
Basking sharks are worth more alive than dead. Iceland used to kill many whales
but reduced its activities and is now one of the world’s biggest whale watching
centers. Minds can be changed.