In the accompanying figure, the Enroll student item represents an external entity.

False

In the accompanying figure, the Student item represents a data store.

False

Many projects fail because of constant, unmanaged demand for changes, a phenomenon often referred to as feature creep.

True

During the implementation phase of the SDLC, both new software and new hardware may be purchased to construct the new information system.

True

After unit and integration testing are completed, system testing is used to ensure that all hardware and software components work together correctly.

True

Direct conversion avoids some of the risk of parallel conversion because the old system remains in service while some or all of the new system is activated.

False

Acceptance testing is designed to verify that the new information system works as required.

True

The cutover phase of the SDLC involves the day-to-day operation of the system, making modifications to improve performance and correcting problems.

False

The maintenance phase of the SDLC is the least expensive part of the cycle.

False

A(n) ____ depicts the hierarchy of employees in a typical organization.

organizational chart

As a low-level manager at your company, you are responsible for activities that make the day-to-day operation of the business run smoothly, like ordering office supplies and creating work schedules. What type of planning are you responsible for?

operational planning

Which of the following best describes the process referred to as operational planning?

Completing activities that make day-to-day systems run smoothly.

____ systems use a commit or rollback strategy to ensure that each transaction is processed correctly.

OLTP

A(n) ____ report combines, groups, or totals data.

summary

Ad hoc reports are sometimes referred to as ____ reports.

demand

You are reviewing a cash-flow model of your business, which is designed to provide a numerical representation of a realistic situation. What type of tool are you using?

A ____ is a numerical representation of a realistic situation, such as a cash-flow model of a business that shows how income adds to cash accounts and expenses deplete those accounts.

decision model

A DSS typically includes modeling tools to help managers create a numerical representation of a situation and explore "what-if" alternatives. Which of the following is an example of such a tool?

spreadsheet

In an expert system, a(n) ____ engine analyzes the available data by following the rules in its knowledge base.

inference

A system like the one shown in the accompanying figure is characterized by its ability to ____.

replicate the reasoning of a human expert

A system like the one shown in the accompanying figure is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT ____.

its ability to generate its own programs

In a JAD ____, users and analysts jointly identify problems and look for solutions.

session

In the planning phase of the SDLC, a(n) ____ is assigned to analyze and develop the information system.

project team

____ is a method for analyzing the time needed to complete each project task and identifying the minimum amount of time needed to complete the total project.

Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

The goal of the ____ of the SDLC is to produce a list of requirements for a new or revised information system.

analysis phase

In the accompanying figure, the ____ item represents a filing cabinet, disk, or tape that holds data.

third

In the ____ of the SDLC, the project team must decide how the new system will fulfill the requirements specified in the System Requirements Report.

design phase

A ____ processing model is one in which data is processed on a centrally located computer.

centralized

Which of the following would be a reason an organization would choose to use a programming language to create an information system from scratch?

This approach can be used to make a solution tailored to system requirements.

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to turnkey systems?

They require time and expertise to evaluate.

____ might be chosen during the design phase of the SDLC because it requires little or no programming, and thus requires minimal development time.

Commercial software

A project team submits an RFQ to vendors when it knows all of the following EXCEPT ____.

price of the software needed

A(n) ____ is issued by a project team when it wants vendors to recommend hardware and software for the solution they have chosen.

RFP

Which of the following should be considered when reviewing a vendor’s RFP?

all of the above

In terms of software, ____ serve as a blueprint for the new system.

application specifications

In the design phase of the SDLC, the project team ____.

all of the above

Many projects fail because of constant, unmanaged demand for changes, even before the system is implemented. This failure to constrain change is often referred to as ____.

feature creep

____ is the process of modifying a commercial application to reflect the needs of a particular organization.

Software customization

You are planning to migrate your business from its current information system to a new, more efficient information system. Your business has several branches, each of which has its own independent information processing system. What type of conversion would be appropriate in this situation?

pilot conversion

Which quality of service (QoS) metric is defined as the number of errors occurring in a particular time interval for a particular function?

accuracy

Which quality of service (QoS) metric is defined as the amount of time a system is not available for processing?

downtime

A ____ metric is a technique for measuring a specific characteristic by monitoring system performance and analyzing responses to user satisfaction surveys.

quality-of-service (QoS)

Computer systems are ____ when they can be counted on to function correctly.

reliable

Systems exhibit ____ when they are easily upgraded or repaired.

serviceability

Many organizations establish a ____ to handle end-user problems.

help desk

Multi-level authentication is an example of a security measure in the ____ category.

deterrent

Antivirus software is an example of a security measure in the ____ category.

detection activity

To avoid downtime, one of the most basic requirements for a data center is a ____.

UPS

An enterprise-wide disaster recovery plan should do all of the following EXCEPT ____.

temporarily suspend critical business operations

In the corporate world, a ____ symbolizes a company, its products, or services. This typically includes a name, trademark, and logo.

brand

What is the best way to communicate the new organizational structure to employees in your organization?

Create an organizational chart and send it to the employees.

Amanda Roberts is now in charge of planning the organization’s long-range goals for profitability, market share, and membership levels. She is now a(n) ____.

executive manager

What is the first phase of the SDLC?

planning

Cara and Bella want to avoid the risks of a direct conversion to a new information system because they have no backup for their current system. Which type of conversion would allow them to continue to use the old system during the conversion process?

parallel conversion

Cara and Bella will know that the implementation phase is completed once the following occurs:

They’ve undergone acceptance testing.

The business needs a system to track employee hours, calculate deductions and taxes, generate paychecks, and produce data for year-end reports. Which type of system should Jane investigate to meet these needs?

transaction processing system

Management has asked Jane to find an information system that will help them solve semi-structured problems. Jane knows that such a system is called a(n) ____.

decision support system

Jane knows she must implement a step-by-step plan that describes the methods her business will use to secure data against disaster and the guidelines that will be used to recover lost data if a disaster occurs. She will have to create a(n) ____.

disaster recovery plan

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