A perpetrator who identifies something that matters to an older person and then uses it to coerce an older person into a particular action. It may take verbal forms such as name-calling, ridiculing, constantly criticizing, accusations, blaming, or non-verbal forms such as ignoring, silence or shunning.

c)Financial abuse-

Also known as financial exploitation e.g. illegal or unauthorized use of a person’s property, money, pension book or other valuables (including changing the person\'s will to name the abuser as heir). It may be obtained by deception, coercion, misrepresentation, undue influence, or theft. This includes fraudulently obtaining or use of a power of attorney. Other forms include deprivation of money or other property, or by eviction from own home.

d)Scam by strangers-

Worthless \"sweepstakes\" that elderly persons must pay in order to collect winnings, fraudulent investment schemes, predatory lending, and lottery scams.

e)Sexual-

For example, forcing a person to take part in any sexual activity without his or her consent, including forcing them to participate in conversations of a sexual nature against their will; may also include situations where person is no longer able to give consent (dementia)

f)Neglect-

For example, depriving a person of food, heat, clothing or comfort or essential medication and depriving a person of needed services to force certain kinds of actions, financial and otherwise. The deprivation may be intentional (active neglect) or happen out of lack of knowledge or resources (passive neglect).

g) Abandonment-

Deserting a dependent person with the intent to abandon them or leave them unattended at a place for such a time period as may be likely to endanger their health or welfare.

h)Rights abuse-

Denying the civil and constitutional rights of a person who is old, but not declared by court to be mentally incapacitated. This is an aspect of elder abuse that is increasingly being recognized and adopted by nations

i)Self-neglect-

Elderly people neglecting themselves by not caring about their own health or safety. Self-neglect (harm by self) is treated as conceptually different as abuse (harm by others).

j) Separation from family-

Older people may be left behind as families are displaced by conflict or natural disasters – because they are unwilling or unable to travel, or are left to guard family property and belongings. Isolation in the form of fragmentation and dissolution of their families and communities may lead to the loss of support mechanisms on which they had relied.

k) Caring for children-

If they were not doing so already before the crisis, many older people find themselves looking after young dependants whose parents are dead or absent. The elderly by default of tradition end up becoming the caretakers of the grand children which takes a toll on their physical and mental wellbeing unless done out of love otherwise.

l) Having housing, land and property rights ignored-

In a ‘survival-of-the-fittest’ environment, the already difficult issue of housing, land and property rights may become intractable if the rightful holder is an older person.

m) Unequal share within the family and Lack of basic necessities-

Older people may be unable to consume some items because they lack the physical ability they once had. Furthermore, there is a meager circulation of goods designed particularly for the old.

Poor health and reduced mobility increase the risk of serious injury and illness in crisis situations. Even normal physical changes associated with ageing that may not greatly impair daily functioning, such as reduced mobility and failing eyesight, can become significantly disabling during an emergency.

o) Choosing not to report abuse-

Victims of elder abuse and neglect may feel ashamed of their abusive experiences. Those who consider reporting abuse often choose not to because, in the majority of cases, they are abused by a family member, loved one, or trusted caregiver. It can be extremely difficult to tell others that someone you trust and love is abusing or neglecting you. Making matters worse, abusers often blame their victims, telling them that the abuse is their “fault,” and threatening them if they reveal

the abuse to anyone. If the older person is dependent on the abuser for care, he or she may feel as if he or she has no option but to live in fear and pain.

p) Traditional Rituals-

For example, a village in Tamil Nadu where they perform euthanasia on elderly individuals, who are incapable of performing productive labour.