6 World s fourth largest manufacturer of aircraft and top producer of models seating up to 120 passengers 5

7 6 World s largest river basin, with hydroelectric power supplying 73% of energy needs

8 8 Brazil, solid macroeconomic fun

9 damentals and social inclusion 9 10 introduction Brazil, stability and great opportunities 14 INVESTMENTS Accelerated infrastructure 18 ECONOMY AND INCLUSION Sustained and inclusive growth 22 ENERGY A country of renewable and clean energy 28 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A standard in cutting-edge industries 32 AGRIBUSINESS Brazil, breadbasket of the world 36 THE ENVIRONMENT Conservation and sustainability 40 DIVERSITY Cultural and natural assets 44 DEMOCRACY Democratic and institutional stability 46 INTERNATIONAL Opening of markets and multilateralism

10 introduction Brazil, stability and great opportunities Sustained economic growth combined with fiscal responsibility, solid institutions, social inclusion, democratic government and a growing domestic market, makes the country a safe place for investment and gives it the strength to weather international crises 10 The combination of macroeconomic and institutional stability, sustained growth, strong social inclusion and income distribution policies have launched a new Brazil onto the international scene. These changes, in conjunction with one of the most modern and solid financial systems, and together with a strict balancing of the federal budget and a strong domestic market has made Brazil more resistant than most countries to the effects of the present international financial crisis. Taming inflation, balancing the federal budget and a vigorous program of social inclusion are factors that have driven a new cycle of expansion, supported by an important investment plan in infrastructure and public education. With a population of 190,6 million inhabitants, Brazil is the tenth largest economy in the world. The Brazilian economy rests on strong fundamentals: inflation at 5% annually, sustainable economic growth of around 4% annually and fiscal stability, with a primary federal budget surplus of 4.1% of GDP in Brazil is a federal republic, with a presidential system of government. It has a consolidated democratic system, with free elections every two years, with checks and balances between the executive, legislative and judicial branches. It is a country that lives in peace and cooperates with its neighbors. Brazil is signatory to the major international treaties, and open to foreign investment. Industrial parks Continental in size, with its 8.5 million square kilometers (fifthlargest country in the world), Brazil has high tech centers throughout the country, from the modern petrochemical complex in Rio Grande do Sul, the country s southernmost state, moving north past the high tech cluster of São Paulo, to Bahia, in the Northeast, where Ford operates the most modern automobile factory in the world. And in the cerrado (savannah) region, on the Midwest plains, a high technology and productivity complex is operating at full steam. Investment in research and development, under the leadership of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), has made agribusiness in Brazil one of the most modern and productive in the world. The capacity to innovate also has enabled Brazil to lead the way in deep sea petroleum exploration. Today Petrobras, state-owned energy company, in addition to exploring deposits in other parts of the world, embarks on a new challenge: that of doubling reserves, by exploring underwater deposits beneath the deep sea layer, which will place the country among the top five producers in the world. Stability The current scenario is one of stability and economic predictabi-

11 SÃO PAULO, LARGEST AND MOST MODERN CITY IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE 7

12 8 SÃO PAULO STOCK EXCHANGE (BOVESPA) 12 lity, which has allowed Brazil to garner investment-grade status from the major credit rating agencies. The Brazilian institutional environment ensures security for investors, who also benefit from a modern and efficient financial system, with a special role played by the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) of the Federal Government, which financed economic development of about US$ 40 billion in 2008, topping the amount disbursed by the World Bank (US$ 13.4 billion) and the Inter-American Development Bank (US$ 12.2 billion) together. As Brazil is a full member of World Trade Organization, BNDES is ready to finance development projects of any foreign owned company in Brazil. The Brazilian industrial park is diversified: including industrial goods companies (such as steel factories and petroleum refineries) and consumer goods (automobiles, textiles, etc.). Factories that produce anything from rubber flip-flops to airplanes. It is self-sufficient in petroleum and is one of the most important world producers of ethanol from sugarcane. The already well developed Brazilian service sector is responsible for 56.3% of Gross Domestic Product as is normally found in more developed economies. One of the main reasons for the success of Brazil was its ability to balance sustainable economic growth with social inclusion. In recent years, millions of Brazilian men and women have entered the domestic consumer market and strengthened their citizenship in the process. The percentage of Brazilians who live in extreme poverty fell from 8.8% of the population in 1990, to 4.2%, in In 2007, for the first time, the United Nations (UN) included Brazil in the group of countries with the highest degree of human development. Market expansion The consumer market has expanded, attracting new entrepreneurs and expanding business. Roughly 20 million Brazilians have migrated from income brackets D and E to C, from 2002 to Consumers from the C income bracket, the middle class, are today estimated to number 97 million, or around 52% of the country s population. These advances are the result of policies to recoup salary purchasing power, greater access to credit and priority investments in education, health, and poverty fighting initiatives in the city and in rural areas, with special emphasis on the Bolsa Família income transfer program. In addition to a domestic market undergoing expansion, the country is a robust export platform. Its share of world trade has risen from 0.9% in 2000 to 1.2% in 2007, with exports rising from US$ 55.1 billion to US$ billion over the same period. Brazilian companies are also gaining ground abroad, due to their presence throughout the world and position at the forefront of various sectors. They are

13 Foreign Direct Investment Growth US$ 45.1 billion US$ 34.6 billion US$ 20.3 billion US$ 21.5 billion US$ 22.2 billion US$ 12.9 billion Source: Central Bank of Brazil 9 SERVICE SECTOR SHARE OF GDP IS 56.3% truly world-class companies. Brazil s positive trade balance and the flow of productive investment have contributed to building foreign currency reserves, which reached US$ billion at the end of Brazil also ensures a secure and diversified supply of energy, which is one of its greatest competitive advantages. Renewable sources such as electricity generated by hydroelectric, wind power and biomass plants provide 44% of energy needs a world record. Abroad, Brazilian foreign policy has opened borders and established solid partnerships in various regions of the world, thereby diversifying exports. Brazil has strengthened Mercosur by promoting integration with its South American neighbors and improving relations with traditional partners, such as the United States and Europe. While at the same time, it has expanded trade with Africa, Asia and Arab countries. The dramatic transformations that have occurred in Brazil over the last twenty years have made the country the preferred destination for Brazilian and international investors. In 2008, productive foreign investment rose to a record of US$ 45.1 billion, second only to China among developing countries. The country consolidates its position in the global economy, by participating decisively in the primary international forums that are used to address commercial, environmental, technological and public safety issues. 13

14 Investments Accelerated infrastructure The Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) implanted by the Federal Government expands the supply of energy, transportation, housing and health to bolster the Brazilian economy during this time of recession abroad 14 razil is experiencing an exceptional period in attracting investment. Billions of dollars are invested in various sectors B of the economy, to expand transportation, energy, basic sanitation and housing infrastructure, which will ensure growth in production capacity, employment and expansion of domestic consumption. In mining alone, investments will reach the significant milestone of US$ 40 billion. Domestic production of steel, for example, will double with the building of new steelmaking plants. The automobile industry will also experience rapid expansion: in 2008, a record 3.2 million vehicles were produced. And, based on scheduled investments, installed capacity will reach 6 million cars by 2013, which will make Brazil the sixth largest producer of automobiles in the world. The good business environment and favorable outlook for the domestic market and exports have led productive investment in Brazil to beat all previous records in recent years. The investment rate was 17.6% of Gross Domestic Product at the end of 2007, rising to 20% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, an all time record. The government has established a target of 21% for this rate for Boosting the economy In the beginning of 2007, the federal government launched the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) which organized and defined investments in logistics, energy, social and urban infrastructure projects, which result in direct improvements for the Brazilian people. The initial projection was an investment of US$ 220 billion from 2007 to 2010, but in February 2009 the federal government increased this amount by 26% to US$ 301 billion to be used by 2010 as an additional tool for bolstering the economy and countering the negative effects of the international financial crisis on Brazil. In addition, PAC includes another US$ 136 billion in investments that will be concluded between 2011 and The group of investments that make up PAC are organized into three categories: Logistical Infrastructure, involving the construction and expansion of highways, railways, ports, airports and waterways; Energy Infrastructure, involving the generation and transmission of electricity, the production, exploration and shipping of petroleum, natural gas and renewable fuels; and Social and Urban Infrastructure, covering sanitation, housing, subways and urban trains. In addition to other activities, the investment plan will mean the construction, modification, duplication and recuperation, in four years, of 45,000 kilometers of highways, 2,518 kilometers of railways, the expansion and improvement of 12 ports and 20 airports, generation of more than 12,386 MW of electricity, construction of 13,826 kilometers of transmission lines, installation of four new refinery or petrochemical units, construction of 4,526 kilometers of gas pipelines and the installation of 46 new biodiesel plants and 77 ethanol plants.

15 PAC INVESTS IN THE RENOVATION OF 45,000 KILOMETERS OF HIGHWAY 19 10

16 the budget for the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) for 2007 to 2010 is US$ 301 billion. there are 2,198 infrastructure projects planned in the areas of transportation, energy, sanitation, housing and water resources. Source: SUBWAY FOR FORTALEZA, THE CAPITAL OF CEARÁ, ONE OF THE LARGEST CITIES OF THE BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST

17 12 IN VILA SÃO JOSÉ, BELO HORIZONTE: PAC INVESTS IN IMPORTANT PUBLIC HOUSING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Investments in Petrobras, the state-owned oil company, are included in PAC, which will invest US$ billion up to 2013, in the exploration of petroleum and natural gas and the construction of new refineries, among other projects. The investments carried out by PAC intend to stimulate the efficiency of the main sectors of economy, as well as to boost technological modernization, to accelerate growth in areas already in expansion and to foster growth in depressed areas, increasing competitiveness and integrating Brazil with neighboring countries and with the world. 17 Investment rate Growth of investment over GDP (in %) * 19.6* 20.0* 20.4* 20.8* Source: IBGE * Estimation: BNDES

18 The economy and social inclusion Sustained and inclusive growth A new cycle of economic development leads to growth in the mass consumer market and a reduction of social inequality within an environment of institutional stability and growing social cohesion 18 razil has entered a new growth cycle by expanding its B mass consumer market thanks to an increase in family income, growth in employment, increased purchasing power of the minimum wage, greater access to credit by the public and a group of public policies focusing on income transfer and instilling civic values. Today, the majority of the economically active population belongs to the middle class, around 52%, according to a research from the Getúlio Vargas Foundation, an increase of 10 percentage points in relation to This group, also known as Class C, encompasses about 97 million people. The number of bank checking accounts in Brazil grew by 76%, from 2000 to 2007, to 112 million, according to the Brazilian Bank Federation (Febraban). Families consumed US$ billion in 2007 and were responsible for more than half of the country s Gross Domestic Product. Actual average monthly income (minus inflation) of private households grew from US$ in 2004 to US$ in 2007, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). According to a study by the Institute for Applied Economics Research (IPEA), all segments of the Brazilian population increased their income between 2002 and 2007, but those who benefitted the most were the segment representing the poorest 30%, whose family income rose 34.4%. During the same period, the income for the segment representing the richest 10% grew only 0.3%. Therefore, the percentage of the population in extreme poverty was reduced from 20.5% to 11.5% during the same period, leading to a significant improvement in wealth distribution. Economic development has been followed by significant social gains, with a substantial reduction in poverty and inequality. The recent decline of extreme poverty was three times faster than the rate needed to reach the first United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goal. In 2007, the UN included Brazil for the first time in the group of countries with a high degree of human development. Income distribution programs, such as Bolsa Família, which benefits about 45 million Brazilians, have contributed to sustainable growth with an increase in income and social inclusion. Created in 2003, Bolsa Família covers all Brazilian towns and close to 21% of the country s population. It pays out one minimum monthly wage as long as the family maintains its children in public schools and complies with the children vaccination schedule. According to the World Bank, it is the largest income transfer program in the world and the UN considers it one of the most efficient anti-poverty programs anywhere. The UN s World Food Program is studying whether to adopt the model to

19 SUPERMARKET IN THE CITY OF TOLEDO, STATE OF PARANÁ 31 13

20 20 SÃO PAULO SUBWAY 14 Minimum Wage Over the years, the minimum wage has risen and boosted the population s purchasing power Brazil and the economic division of its population Accounting for more than half of the Brazilian population, the middle class (C) has joined the consumer market and is eager for new products, goods and services. US$ 185 Classes A/B: 15.5% Class C: 51.9% US$ 107 Jan Feb Source: Ministry of Labor and Employment, Feb Classes D/E: 32.6% Source: Getúlio Vargas Foundation

21 The current cycle of development of the Brazilian economy is being done with social justice. The government created the largest program of income distribution in the world 21 guarantee aid to families that suffer from increased food prices and to help feed close to 20 million children worldwide. Purchasing power The choice of growth with income distribution, a higher minimum wage and job creation has contributed to an increased purchasing power for Brazilians. During the last five years, 10.5 million new formal jobs were created. The minimum wage had a real increase (minus inflation) of 46% since January 2003 and today it is worth US$ 185. Greater access to credit, the main driver of Gross Domestic Product growth, and the rise in bank accounts are part of this new reality. The availability of credit rose from approximately 25% of the GDP in 2003 to 41.3% in Formally hired workers, in turn, have greater access to banks and payment methods. In 2008, Brazil surpassed the threshold of 100 million credit cards in circulation. Purchases made with credit or debit cards totaled US$ billion in 2008, an increase of 24% over the previous year. Brazilians started to buy greater amounts of food and durable goods, such as cars, homes and domestic appliances, which have all become more affordable in light of the population s increased income and credit incentives. Credit operations in Brazil -- with represented 34.2% of the GDP in grew 31% in 2008, reaching US$ billion in December, equal to 41.3% of the Gross Domestic Product.

22 Energy A country of renewable and clean energy Brazil ensures a secure and diversified supply of energy and now opens a new horizon with the exploration of offshore petroleum located beneath the salt layer 22 Energy security is one of the basic requirements to ensure sustainable economic development. Brazil has invested in the diversification of its energy networks, recognized as the cleanest and most renewable in the world. Currently, almost half of Brazilian energy, 44%, comes from renewable sources. This figure is much higher than the world average of 14%. While deep water offshore exploration of petroleum and gas advances, the country also experienced investments in the construction of hydroelectric plants and in the production of biofuels, with emphasis on sugar cane biomass for the generation of electricity. Furthermore, Brazilian energy is clean. Over the last 30 years, the country has avoided the emission of roughly 800 million tons of CO 2 into the atmosphere through the use of ethanol as a substitute for or an additive to gasoline. In terms of electricity, roughly 90% of the energy generated comes from non-fossil sources, primarily hydroelectric. There are many opportunities. Although hydroelectric plants are responsible for 73% of the country s energy generation, only 27% of the hydroelectric potential has been explored. Investments in energy and Brazil are safeguarded by a clear regulatory milestone, long-term concessions, economic stability and concern for the environment. These factors combined with the huge unexplored energy potential make Brazil an attractive alternative for investors. Excellence in electricity Brazil is recognized worldwide for its building of hydroelectric plants and in the use of renewable sources for generation of electricity. In 2008, hydropower supplied 73% of the country s electricity needs. To sustain the growth of the Brazilian economy, every year supply must expand by 4,000 megawatts (MW). Projections point to the need for approximately 120,000 MW by 2030 to supply the needs for the domestic market, according to the National Energy Plan (PNE-2030). The 10-year Energy Extension Plan, by the Ministry of Mines in Energy for 2008 to 2017, projects an increase in demand for electricity at an annual rate of 5.4% over 10 years, and the addition of around 54,000 MW of installed capacity in Brazil. In this manner, in 2017, the electricity generation will reach approximately 155,000 MW of installed capacity, 80% of which from renewable sources. Clean sources of energy Electricity generation capacity in Brazil is 102,000 MW. In 2008, the 160 hydroelectric plants in operation in Brazil produced around 75,000 MW or 73% of all electricity. Thermoelectric plants come in second place with a 22% share (22,756 MW). Source: National Electricity Agency (Aneel), data for 2008

23 US$ billion Will be necessary to ensure the expansion of Energy infrastructure necessary to meet growing consumer demand over the next 10 years Serra da Mesa power line, state of Goiás 15

25 More barrels Petrobras s target is to raise production from the current 2.4 million to 3.6 million barrels of petroleum a day, in Brazil and abroad, by 2013, and ultimately reach 5.7 million by The pilot system for the Tupi field is scheduled to start production in 2010, followed by other fields, such as the Guará and Iara fields.projections for the pre-salt layer is a gradual increase in the production of oil. Petrobras will invest US$ billion in petroleum exploration and production from 2009 to Source: Petrobras (Jan 2008) Petroleum and gas Brazil is at the technological vanguard of deep water production and exploration of petroleum and natural gas reserves. The year 2008 was marked by discoveries of large deposits located in sedimentary basins, around 6,000 meters beneath the surface of the ocean. Known as pre-salt, the area opens investment opportunities for petroleum companies interested in one of the largest deposits of light oil and gas in the world in the Santos and Espírito Santo basins. Petrobras estimates that the volume of reserves in the deep sea salt layer to be at least 50 billion barrels, four times that of current reserves. This volume places Brazilian reserves among the ten largest in the world. Petrobras s strategic plan provides for investments of US$ billion over the five year period of Of this total, US$ billion is earmarked for exploration and production. Petrobras s production target is to raise total oil and gas production, in Brazil and abroad, from 2.4 million barrels a day to 3.6 million barrels a day by The idea is to raise production to 5.7 million barrels a day by According to the plan, the focus of the investment will be in exploration and production, with an increase of 71% over the amount invested previously in the segment, with special emphasis placed on pre-salt projects. Biofuels Brazil, the largest exporter of ethanol in the world, produces fuel from sugarcane, an ecological biofuel, without adversely affecting the production of food or occupying large tracts of arable land. Ethanol does not affect the production of food or environmental reserves. Most sugarcane is cultivated in the southeast region of Brazil, 2,500 km from the Amazon, the equivalent of a trip from Rome to Moscow. In all, 90% of sugarcane production for ethanol is in the Southeast, Central and South of Brazil. An energy and environmental assessment of fuel made from sugarcane shows that it is the most efficient and sustainable raw material source for the production of ethanol on a large scale in the world. A report by the U.S. Department of Agriculture shows that there are 340 million hectares of arable land in Brazil in 2007, with 200 million dedicated to pasture and 64 million for farms, of which only 3.6 million hectares (1% of the total) were used to produce ethanol. This is achieved without displacing other farms. The production of Brazilian ethanol in the 2008 harvest reached 27 billion liters, with an increase of 17.9% over the previous year, and the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture calculates that this could rise to 37 billion liters in 2015, without a significant increase in the area planted with sugarcane. 25

26 The demand for ethanol in Brazil is set to increase by 37%: 27 billion liters in 2008 and 37 billion liters in The growth in ethanol production in Brazil is explained by the great strides made in technology and production, which makes the country the second largest producer worldwide. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the FAO, singles out Brazilian ethanol as the least expensive of any country, and Brazil as the only country capable of producing this fuel competitively and without subsidies. In addition to export potential, there is a huge demand for biofuel in the domestic market. Brazil is a pioneer in the development of flex fuel technology, launched in 2003, which allows cars to run on gas and ethanol in any proportion. Brazilian excellence in the production of ethanol has made large companies comfortable in developing technology that uses biofuel. Currently, ten multinational carmakers produce more than 100 different models of flex fuel cars in Brazil, which has given the country the distinction of having the largest fleet of flex fuel cars in the world. According to the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers (Anfavea) 2.3 million automobiles and light vehicles equipped with a flex fuel motor, which run on ethanol or gasoline, were sold in 2008, or 70% of the units sold during the year. Ethanol is an environmentally-friendly biofuel, which besides coming from a renewable source, reduces greenhouse gases, which provoke global warming, by 80% as compared to the gasoline used in automobiles. The benefits start with the cycle itself, since ethanol extracted from sugarcane produces 8.3 times more renewable energy than the fossil fuel energy used to produce it; whereas ethanol made from corn creates only 1.4 times as much. The productivity of ethanol per hectare is 6,800 liters for sugarcane, 5,400 liters for beets and 3,100 liters for corn. Brazil is also the third largest producer and consumer of biodiesel in the world. The National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB), established in 2004, provides for a mandatory and gradual addition of alternative fuels to diesel. The dynamism of this market in Brazil allowed the initial substitution of 2%, in force since January 2008, which was later increased to 3% in July, requiring the production of 1.1 billion liters. The law stipulates a 5% mixture by 2013, which will stimulate new investments in production and an increase in productivity.

27 17 BRAZIL IS THE THIRD LARGEST PRODUCER OF BIODIESEL IN THE WORLD In 2008, Brazil consolidated its position as the largest exporter of ethanol and the third largest biodiesel market in the world RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BRAZILIAN SUGARCANE ENSURES HIGH PRODUCTIVITY

28 Science and technology A standard in cutting-edge industries More than IT and biotechnology, the science and technology agenda promotes research in strategic areas for the country s economic development, such as energy, aviation and agribusiness 28 Investment in the education of scientists and engineers ensure that cutting-edge research is conducted on the new frontiers of knowledge. Brazil ranks 17th in scientific research worldwide. It is a worldwide benchmark in the areas of deep sea oil exploration, aviation industry, agribusiness, telecommunications and software design. With an eye on the future, Brazil has already mastered all the stages of nuclear fuel production using 100% domestic technology. It is a world reference in developing renewable energy sources, such as ethanol and biodiesel. The research support structure created islands of excellence in Brazil in the area of human health with internationally renowned research such as Fiocruz in Rio de Janeiro and the Butantan Institute in São Paulo. This tradition lives on today with human stem cell research carried out at the University of São Paulo. Over the next four years, 1.5% of the GDP will be invested in science and technology. Brazil currently has more than 80,000 researchers and scholarship recipients at universities and private companies. The Federal Government has also been increasing the number of scholarships for researchers. In 2007, 97,000 researchers received these funds. This number is expected to rise to 170,000 by Aerospace competition Renowned for its technological capacity and creativity, the Brazilian aerospace industry today is the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and competes in various segments of the world market. Embraer, an aircraft manufacturer, for example, is the leader in regional aircraft with up to 120 seats, in addition to producing aircraft parts. Employing 23,500 people, the company had US$ 20.9 billion in orders at the end of December Brazil also creates agricultural and military equipment, executive jets and satellites. The Brazilian space program generates satellite images that are fundamental for conservation of the Amazon region. New record Embraer had record delivery of aircraft for two consecutive years, reaching 204 jets in 2008, a figure 20% higher than the 169 jets during the previous year. Source: Embraer

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