The main objective of this study was to determine attitudes, opinions and motivation among school counselors on the incidence of children and youth high-risk behaviors, and the implementation of prevention in pre-school and educational institutions, and on the basis of the collected data to provide a review of the school counselor’s role in the domain of prevention of high-risk behavior. Interview questions that were constructed specifically for this study were applied to the sample of 17 school psychologists, and pre-school, primary and secondary school counselors from the city of Rijeka. Other school counselors from the city of Rijeka were not able to participate in the study. Research has shown that there were no significant differences in the achievement of the preventive role of school counselors with regard to the type of institution where the participant is the school counselor (kindergarten, primary school, secondary school). All school counselors involved in the study stressed that their preventive role is achieved through coordination of prevention programs, through counseling and through running a prevention program. Most participants/school counselors (76%) reported feeling competent to carry out or apply a prevention program. Survey indicates surprising 65% of respondents who stated that their faculty did not prepare them for primary prevention of high-risk behavior. Two participants (12%) stated that their faculty prepared them for carrying out preventive programs, and three participants (18%) stated that they were partially prepared. All participants stated that they noticed certain types of high-risk behavior among children/students in their institutions. Almost all participants said that their institutions carry out different prevention programs and many positive effects arise from these programs, but also some difficulties. These difficulties are commonly seen in cooperation with parents.