Ranchi is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand, and now it is the most populous city of the state. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement,which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, western West Bengal and the eastern area of what is present-day Chhattisgarh.

The Jharkhand state was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.

Economy

In 2006 the Indian government named Ranchi one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 23 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Ranchi is located on the southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau
which forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau. Ranchi is referred
to as the "City of Waterfalls", due to the presence of numerous large
and small falls of around the close vicinity of the city. The most
popular ones are Dassam Falls, Hundru Falls, Jonha Falls, Hirni Falls
and Panchghagh Falls.

The Subarnarekha river and its tributaries constitute the local river
system. Dams in Kanke, Rukka and Hatia have been built over these
channels to cater to the water requirements of majority the population.

Transportation

Airways

Birsa Munda Airport of Ranchi has direct flights from Patna, Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore.
Few major airlines like Air India, GoAir, Indigo and airasia serve this
purpose. Plans are underway to connect Ranchi directly with cities like
Chennai and Hyderabad directly.
A new domestic terminal is now ready which is spread over 19,676 square
metres of land furnished with imported equipment, and has the capacity
to handle 500 domestic passengers.

Railways

Ranchi Railway Station is well connected with direct trains from Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai
and other major cities. It consists of six platforms with all standard
necessities. It is also well connected to Ranchi Airport and Bus
Terminals. The Ranchi Railway station cater to 36 halting trains, 27
originating trains and 27 terminating trains.

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