Americans Have Lost Their Advantage as Tall People

Kate Connolly, in the London Daily Telegraph (April 14, 2004):

THE New World has lost its superiority over the Old - at least in terms of
physical stature - and John Komlos has the evidence to prove it. His records,
including files on "runaway slaves", "indentured servants"
and "West Point graduates", bear testament to the American decline.

Prof Komlos's research over more than 20 years has documented the heights of almost
a quarter of a million people from the 1700s to today. The findings, he says,
provide the most accurate gauge to date with which to measure the development
of the human physique.

"Americans have stopped growing while Europeans are increasing in height
at quite a pace," said Prof Komlos, a leading "anthropometric historian"
who studies such development. He spreads out files on a table to prove his point.

The heights of soldiers who fought in the Crimean War, of American slaves, of
present-day Norwegians and the poor of 18th century London are among data he has
gleaned from libraries, military academies and passport offices, and assiduously
plotted on to detailed graphs.

He has discovered, for instance, that American men were about three inches taller
than the Dutch in the 1800s. Now, the tables have turned, and the Dutch - the
tallest people in Europe, with an average height of around 6ft 1in - stand three
inches above Americans.

While the average American man was, at 5ft 9in, two inches taller than the average
Briton at the time of the American War of Independence in 1775, nowadays the former
is about half an inch shorter than the latter.

The slide, says Prof Komlos, an American who works in the department of economic
history at the University of Munich, dates back to the mid-20th century, and the
reasons, he argues, are probably socio-economic.

"From being the tallest in the world for 200 years with the highest per capita
income this suddenly stopped," he said. "By the 1950s, the welfare state
was already well-established in many European countries. It is an achievement
that cannot simply be ignored."

The Dutch, he says, won their anthropometric advantage by creating the world's
best pre- and post-natal clinics. Over the same period, America's rich-poor divide
has been widening. Eight million Americans are now unemployed, while 40 million
have no health insurance. Infant mortality is twice as high as in Scandinavia,
while an increasing reliance on fast food in America means that even the better-off
are tending to expand outwards rather than upwards.

Prof Komlos has applied his research to his own family history. He believes that
his modest standing of 5ft 7in results from his birth to Hungarian Jewish parents,
who fled Budapest in 1944 when he was still in the womb, and could provide him
with a only poor diet of bread and broth for the first years of his life.

His direct experience of how height can reflect social conditions has led him
to pay particular attention to the poor of previous centuries. "The heights
of the Oliver Twists of London cannot be compared with any other heights apart
from, say, indigenous populations in the backwoods of Guatemala," he said.