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非特殊声明不得以电子或照片，万维网或局域网等任何形式转载和使用。如有需要可以向ISO及其所属成员提交许可申请。

Foreword / 前言

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

本文件中所使用的任何商标名是为方便使用者而给予的信息，不构成背书。

For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information

The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 10, Requirements for document storage and conditions for preservation.

技术委员会对 ISO/TC 46文件，信息和档案，委员会的附属委员会SC 10， 文件储存条件的要求负责

Introduction / 介绍

Archives, libraries and similar institutions store written and printed documents which they are obliged to retain on a permanent basis for cultural reasons and, in some cases, in order to meet legal requirements.

档案馆、图书馆和类似的机构在储藏手写或者打印文件的同时, 为了文化的传承他们有责任保持纸质文献的永久性。

Often, the condition of these documents is endangered for a number of reasons. One of these is related to the manufacturing process used for more modern types of paper.

引起纸质文献濒临灭绝的原因有很多，其中一个重要的原因就是当代纸张的造纸工艺导致。

In the industrial age, paper-making processes underwent significant changes. One of the processes affected was sizing, which, in industrial processes, was achieved by mixing additives into the fibre suspension before shaping the sheets. These additives included acidic substances like aluminium sulfate. The reaction of the sizing agent eventually leads to formation of free acids. The acids act as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose, making the material brittle. Climatic influences aggravate this process, air pollution and cellulose degradation processes are a further source of acid in paper.

Another factor for paper stability is the raw material itself. For centuries, paper was made of textile fibres like linen, hemp or cotton rags which rather deliver stable, long-chain cellulose. The search for a more abundant raw material led to the invention to produce pulp out of wood by a grinding process. The resulting ground wood paper still contains most of the lignin and hemicelluloses, in addition to cellulose. The low pulp purity and the mechanical process causing a partial cutting of fibres lead to a much weaker paper. Compared to the older rag papers, ground wood paper is also less stable on the long run.

The problem of paper degradation due to acid has developed into a tremendous problem for archives and libraries. In addition to the processes for deacidifying single sheets, such processes having been used in conservation for a long time, the past few decades have seen new developments in technical processes which can be used on a large scale to retard the further decay of cultural assets as bound volumes and single sheets (“mass deacidification”).

The aim of deacidification is to appreciably improve the life expectancy of paper. This is achieved by adding an alkaline substance to neutralize existing acid and slow down future acidic degradation for at least some time (buffering, alkaline reserve). Deacidification cannot improve the actual physical properties of the paper, but in combination with proper storage, it can slow down further decay.

Without validated analytical methods, it is not possible to assess whether a paper has been deacidified, or to what degree deacidification has been successful. This Technical Specification compiles the suitable measurements.

It is applicable for all large scale processes which offer deacidification of acid documents made of printed or hand-written paper.

本规范适用于所有大型的印刷或者手写的酸性文件的脱酸工艺

Possible negative side effects of deacidification processes on the treated objects are not the subject of this Technical Specification. However, some general recommendations for how to cope with these side effects are given in Annex A.

本技术规范不针对脱酸工艺潜在的副作用做论述，但是Annex A中有给出如何应对副作用的建议。

It is not specified either, which types of paper objects can be treated by large scale deacidification methods. Whatever currently available deacidification method is used, some objects might be excluded from treatment to avoid mechanical damage to paper and bindings or other unwanted side effects. The provider of the deacidification treatment should inform the customer about the limitations of the chosen method.

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO/TS 18344:2016适用于本标准的术语和定义

3.1 accelerated ageing 加速老化

artificially induced ageing under laboratory condition by increasing temperature and sometimes changing humidity or exposure to light in order to accelerate chemical reactions in paper like hydrolysis or oxidation to simulate processes usually occurring under natural condition but at a much slower speed

人工老化技术就是：在实验室把纸张通过增加温度，改变湿度或增加光照模拟在自然条件下老化很慢的过程，来加速纸张的水解和氧化。

3.2 alkaline reserve 碱性储备量

compound like calcium or magnesium carbonate neutralizing acids in paper

化合物如碳酸镁/钙中和纸中的酸

3.3 average degree of polymerisation 平均聚合度

average number of anhydroglucose units (monomers of cellulose) in the cellulose macromolecule

在纤维素大分子中脱水葡萄糖单位的平均数量 （单体的纤维素）

3.4 batch process 装订本（批量）脱酸工艺

deacidification process for a definite quantity of documents

有确定文件数量的批量脱酸

3.5 continuous process 散装脱酸工艺

deacidification process for an indefinite quantity of documents

非确定文件数量的批量脱酸

3.6 deacidification 脱酸

neutralization of the organic and inorganic acids in the paper and deposit of an alkaline reserve as buffer against any subsequent acidic activity on paper

中和纸中的有机和无机酸从而形成一定碱性物质来缓冲任何后续纸张中的酸性物质，防止纸张再度酸化

3.7 extract pH 提取pH值

value obtained in a water extract after the paper has been extracted under defined condition.

在特定的条件下液态提取纸张中的pH值

Note 1 to entry: Value measured with a glass electrode immersed in a definite quantity of water in which paper is dispersed in small pieces.

注：玻璃电极浸入定量且有小片的纸张分散的水中提取数值

3.8 folding endurance 耐折度

common logarithm of the number of double folds required to cause rupture in a strip of paper

以常用对数（对折）引起纸张破裂

3.9 mass deacidification 批量脱酸

process of paper deacidification on a large scale

有规模的纸张脱酸工艺

3.10 process validation 脱酸效果验证

securing an operation according to preset parameters determined at processed objects

根据预设参数指标，对比脱酸处理后的指标，从而来验证脱酸效果。

3.11 routine monitoring 常规监测

monitoring carried out at regular intervals during normal operations

在正常操作期间定期进行监测

3.12 side effects 副作用

any unintended consequence caused by the execution of a treatment process

脱酸后任何非预期的结果

3.13 test paper 测试纸

paper with characteristics defined in this Technical Specification, which is deacidified together with original documents and then analysed

本技术规范中定义的特性纸张，与脱酸对象一起进行脱酸处理然后进行分析。

3.14 uniformity of deacidification 脱酸的均匀性

homogeneous distribution of the alkaline reserve and pH across the entire sheet and within whole book blocks﻿

在整张纸/整本书的pH碱性储备的分布情况和pH值

4 Principle 原则

Specified uniform test papers are treated together with customer’s documents in a deacidification process. Afterwards, the test papers are examined using standardized test methods. The test papers are acidic and similar in their properties to common paper qualities produced in the period from around 1870 onwards. The usage of such papers ensures reliable results and allows comparing different batches, deacidification methods and treatment plants.

NOTE It is to be emphasized that successful tests according to this Technical Specification cannot guarantee that all documents treated in the process are deacidified to the same degree as the test papers. The result of a deacidification treatment strongly depends on the properties of the treated object, such as porosity, thickness, sizing, coating and acidity of the paper, etc. Therefore, it is impossible to guarantee that certain pH levels and alkaline reserve amounts are achieved in each object by the deacidification treatment. A passing of the tests means, however, that there is a high percentage of successfully treated objects.

This Technical Specification defines test methods for “process validation” (initial testing) and “routine monitoring”. Process validation is used to prove that a technique fulfils its defined purpose. Routine monitoring is used to check that the effectiveness determined by process validation is being achieved in the course of the actual work. Routine monitoring, therefore, is based on process validation.

For “process validation”, extended test procedures should be carried out before and after accelerated ageing of the samples, including measurements of pH value, alkaline reserve, uniformity of deacidification and degree of polymerisation.

对于“工艺验证”,要对测试样品加速老化前后做进一步的测试，包括pH值,碱性储备,脱酸的均匀度和聚合度的对比测试。

For “routine monitoring”, alkaline reserve of the test papers is examined.

“常规监测”,测试纸要做碱性储备量的检测。

5.2 Sampling 样品

5.2.1 Material 材料 / 原料

Both process validation and routine monitoring are performed using samples of test paper, some of which are deliberately not subjected to the deacidification process serving as a reference.

工艺验证和常规监测使用的是测试纸样品,其中有些是故意不把脱酸效果做好作为比较素材。

5.2.2 Procedure 过程控制

All samples should be examined within four weeks after treatment has been completed (including post treatment measures).

脱酸处理后，四周之内对样品进行一次检测（包括处理后的测量）

Before the paper is examined, any loose residues occurring as a side effect of the deacidification process should be removed by brushing.

在纸张检测前，任何会影响检测的残留物质都应该用刷子清掉

5.3 Process validation 工艺验证

5.3.1 Frequency of sampling 采取样品的频率

A complete process validation is required every four years and, additionally, following

每隔四年要进行一次完整的工艺验证，当然有工艺变化的部分也要验证

— changes to the process technology, 工艺技术更新/改变的部分

— changes of chemical components or their supplier, 供应商或者化学配方的变化

— changes of the test paper for routine monitoring. 用于常规监测的测试纸的变化

The process validation is valid for all treatment devices of a production site that use the same process and technology.

工艺验证适用于所有使用相同的工艺和技术的脱酸设备

5.3.2 Sample quantities and preparation of samples 样品的数量和准备

The process validation is performed using identical test papers (i.e. same production batch). A quantity of 32 (+4, if folding endurance is included) test sheets, size A5 or larger, is needed for the necessary testing (see Table 2) of one treated sample set. Four treated sample sets are necessary for the process validation. The untreated sample set included, the sum of test sheets for one complete process validation is therefore 148 (+20, if folding endurance is included).

For batch processes, the test papers should be placed into bound volumes which are thicker than 3 cm and feature a size of at least A5. For the first sample set, 32 (+4) test papers are placed evenly throughout the bound volume starting from page number 10.

The test papers should be centred vertically and placed as close to the spine as possible. The test papers should not extend outside the book block. The second sample set is prepared the same way, but placed in a different position in the treatment chamber. The third and fourth sample set should be treated on another day, and if applicable, in another treatment device. The positions of the samples in the chamber should be documented adequately.

NOTE Service providers can supply a constructional drawing of the deacidification device with the report and mark the positions of the books containing the test papers.

注意：脱酸技术公司提供脱酸设备的施工图纸及报告和注明测试纸在书中的位置供参考。﻿

For continuous processes, the test papers of one sample set should be treated alternating with sheets of original items. After further treatment of 100 sheets of original items, the second sample set should be treated to the same pattern as the first. The third and fourth sample sets should be treated according to the first two sample sets, but on a different day, and, if applicable, in another device.

Test tubes selected for this study shall be perfectly gas-tight and large enough to accommodate paper strips pre-cut for further measurements. It is required to perform aging for all samples simultaneously, in the same laboratory oven, using one type of a glass tube for all samples.

— tightening of the tube with the use of the dynamometric wrench equipped with a tube cap holder, to ensure good repeatability of obtained sealing.

--请用试管冒上配备的测力扳手来拧紧试管，确保完好密封

5.3.3.2 pH value pH值

The pH value has to be measured in an aqueous extract as described in ISO 6588-1.

The average results and the average and the relative standard deviations should be given for treated paper with and without ageing, and the results should be expressed to two significant digits.

根据ISO 6588-1在液体中提取pH值

要测出加速老化和未加速老化的脱酸纸张的平均结果，平均值和相对标准偏差，结果必须是两组有效值

The measured pH of the paper following deacidification has to be higher than 6,5 (before accelerated ageing).

处理过的纸张pH值必须要高于6.5（在加速老化之前）

NOTE 1 The pH value of an aged sample will normally be lower compared to those of the non-aged sample. For a given paper, ageing after deacidification should only lead to a small reduction of its pH value. It is possible that the pH value measured after accelerated ageing will level out at around 6,5, even though an alkaline reserve is still present. This is particularly true of the pH value on the paper surface which is usually one unit lower than the pH value of the cold extract. Under these conditions, however, this kind of paper can still be described as being neutral.

The pH value discussed here applies solely to the described test papers. If original papers are examined as well, special agreements on an acceptable final pH value should be reached with the customer, as the achieved pH value depends very much on the original composition of the paper.

NOTE 2 In addition to this measurement of aqueous extract pH value, measurements of surface pH value are sometimes performed. The surface pH measurement is a faster method compared to extraction pH measurement to judge the pH value of a paper. If applied correctly (see Reference [3]), surface pH measurements also allow onsite measurements of original books and documents in libraries and archives and can also be used to follow the stability of deacidification on a longer timescale. However, surface pH measurement has its limits. It works well for acidic to neutral papers and also gives reasonable data until about pH 9. Usually, surface pH measurement has been successfully used with immersion treatments. Surface pH measurement may fail to give reliable results when larger amounts of alkaline reserve deposits are present at the paper surface and the solubility limit is reached.

Determine the quantity of alkaline reserve of each of the four sample sets as described in ISO 10716. For determination of the dry matter content, it is in deviation to ISO 10716 sufficient for the purpose of this Technical Specification to weigh about 1 g to the nearest 0,001 g.

根据ISO 10716，检测四套样本的碱性储备量。测量干物质含量，以千分之一的方法称重缩小误差

The results, the average and the relative standard deviation should be given for treated paper with and without ageing, and the results should be expressed to two significant digits.

加速老化和未加速老化的脱酸纸张要测出pH值，平均值和相对标准偏差，结果必须是两组有效值

The minimum alkaline reserve is 0,5 mass % expressed as MgCO3.

脱酸处理后最小的碱性储备量是0.5%

NOTE Part of the total amount of alkaline substance applied to the paper by deacidification treatment is chemically converted (“consumed”) by the neutralization reaction, and the remainder is the “alkaline reserve”. The alkaline reserve ensures that the paper is resistant to acids acting upon it due to environmental influences or degradation reactions occurring after the deacidification process.

注：脱酸时，在中和作用这一化学反应过程中会产生碱性储备量。脱酸处理后产生的碱性储备量足够抵抗由于环境影响或纸张降解退化导致的酸化。

5.3.3.4 Uniformity of deacidification 脱酸的均匀性

The uniformity of deacidification is measured by quantitative determination of the alkaline reserve, expressed as mass % MgCO3, at six different segments of a treated sample. Figure 1 shows the cutting pattern for the segments.

在一个处理过的样本上选六个不同切片，通过碱性储备量的定量测定检测脱酸的均匀性,用% MgCO3表示。图1显示了切片的模式。

Figure 1 — Segments for the determination of alkaline reserve for uniformity test

表1 -- 用于碱性储备量均匀性测试的切片

As one A5 sheet of test paper is not sufficient for analysing uniformity due to the limited sample amount (for alkaline reserve 1 g of sample is required per data point), the measurement of the alkaline reserve of the six treated paper samples is carried out as described in ISO 10716, with the following amendments: Three A5 test paper sheets are cut into six rectangular, numbered segments of equal size according to the pattern shown in Figure 1. Then, the three pieces with same numbers are put together, divided into small pieces as described in ISO 10716, and the resulting pile is mixed well. About 1 g of pieces is weighed and treated as described in ISO 10716.

Alkaline reserve measured for each section should be not less than 0,5 % by weight calculated as MgCO3 equivalent. In addition, the relative standard deviation of the six individual measured values is required to be less than 30 %. The lower the deviation calculated in this way, the better the uniformity of deacidification.

NOTE 1 The results of these measurements describe the distribution of the added alkaline substance over the entire surface area of the sheet of paper, not its homogeneous distribution across its thickness/cross section. For the latter, no standardized routine methods are available.

注：这些测量的结果就是一张纸整个表面碱性物质的分布情况,而不是指均匀分布在其厚度/横截面（内里）。对于后者,目前没有标准化的常规检测方法。

NOTE 2 Some alternative methods exist which are able to address the uptake of deacidification reagent, in most cases, the concentration of cations is analysed. However, these methods do not suffice as a full displacement of alkaline reserve determination, as most of them are not fully comparable with the actual amount of alkaline reserve. However, to estimate whether mass deacidification was homogeneous they can serve as alternative.Potential methods are based on inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP/OES) after the alkaline reserve was extracted by acid from the paper segments, X-ray-Fluorescence scanning or FTIR/NIR and other methods which reliably report the uptake of deacidification reagent.

A pretreatment to remove the excess of alkaline reserve in the sample has to be performed as follows:

清除多余碱性残留量的步骤如下：

Disintegrate 1 g to 3 g of paper sample in a mixer for less than 30 s directly in 1,5 L, 0,1 M HCl at room temperature (for 3 g of paper sample with 2 % alkaline reserve this corresponds to >200 fold excess of acid when 1,5L are used). Rinse the sample thoroughly with water until washing water is neutral. Dry sample at room conditions according to ISO 5351:2010, Clause 8. The sample preparation should be adapted to the ingredients of the deacidification process.

NOTE 1 ISO 5351:2010, Clause 8 requires 10 g of material, but 1 g is sufficient for the DP sample preparation in the present case. Determine the degree of polymerisation by measuring the viscosity average with CED as described in ISO 5351 before and after accelerated ageing. For determination of the dry matter content, it is in deviation to ISO 5351 sufficient for the purpose of this Technical Specification to weigh about 1 g to the nearest 0,001 g. The average results of the limiting viscosity number should be given for treated and untreated papers with and without ageing, and the results should be expressed in millilitres per gram.

After accelerated ageing, the limiting viscosity number of the treated paper has to be higher than that of the untreated paper.

老化过后处理过的样品其特性粘度值比没有经过处理过的样品要高。

NOTE 2 When looking at different deacidification treatments, the ratios of the limiting viscosity numbers of treated versus untreated papers after ageing can be compared if identical test papers are used.

注2： 对于不同的脱酸工艺，基于使用同样的测试纸，处理和未处理过的纸张加速老化后其特性粘度值可以进行对比。

For the calculation of DP, a [η]-DP relation for cellulose dissolved in CED is given in the formula below. The limiting viscosity number is converted to degree of polymerisation by DP = 0,9√(1,65 × [η]) (see Reference [5]).

NOTE 3 The degree of polymerisation describes the average chain length of a polymer, in case of paper that of the mixture of cellulose and hemicelluloses. As the stability of paper is directly related to the chain lengths of (hemi) cellulose (longer polymer chains usually give stronger papers) this parameter can be considered as very important for the entire integrity of paper. In addition, it is a sensitive measure of cellulose degradation and hence very useful to address changes upon aging before and after deacidification. The sample amount required for analysis ranges between 75 mg and 750 mg for a triple determination depending on the sample DP (samples of lower DP require higher sample amounts). DP analysis using CED is limited to samples with little or no lignin content. Excess alkaline reserve is removed prior to DP analysis with an HCl treatment step. This HCl treatment only removes alkaline reserve which can in some cases interfere with DP measurement. The treatment does not degrade cellulose.[4]

NOTE 4 For the determination of DP, also other standards (Cadoxen, Cuoxam, see Reference [1]), and more sophisticated methods like size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to light scattering do exist. They are either less frequently used/offered or in case of SEC more expensive. They also yield reliable cellulose DP data.

The machine direction folding endurance of the test papers shall be determined as described in ISO 5626 before and after accelerated ageing. The test instrument should be set with an appropriate tension to ensure that measurements give meaningful results.

NOTE For example, a typical setting for the MIT instrument would be to use a mass of 500 g for tension.

Mean folding endurance and fold number are to be determined as defined by ISO 5626. After accelerated ageing, the fold number of the treated paper has to be higher than that of the untreated paper.

对折的方法与次数根据ISO 5626进行。加速老化后，处理过后的纸张折叠的次数高于未处理的纸张。

5.4 Routine monitoring 常规监测

5.4.1 Frequency of sampling and sample quantities 采样频率和样本数量

For routine monitoring, test papers from the same batch used in process validation should be used. For batch processes, a test set consists of four test sheets A5 or larger which are placed in bound original volumes thicker than 3 cm before deacidification as described in 5.3.2. For continuous processes, the test papers of one test set should be treated alternating with sheets of original items.

The frequency of routine monitoring is one test set per production day and apparatus for batch processes and one test set per every five production days and apparatus for continuous processes.

常规监测的频率是钉装本每个工作日每个仪器检测一组，散件每5个工作日每个仪器做一组检测。

The sheets are distributed randomly, but their position should be documented adequately.

纸张是随机摆放的，但是要做追踪标记。

5.4.2 Test methods and minimum requirements 测试方法和最低要求

5.4.2.1 Alkaline reserve 碱性储备量

The quantity of alkaline reserve shall be determined as described in ISO 10716.

The minimum requirement for alkaline reserve is 0,5 mass % expressed as MgCO3. The greater of 0,5 mass % or 2/3 of the alkaline reserve obtained in process validation (5.3.3.4.) should be reached in routine monitoring.

ISO 10716定义了碱性储备的标准。碱性储备的最低要求是0.5%,在常规检测中脱酸工艺最后的碱性储备量不得低于0.5%或者2/3。

5.4.2.2 pH measurement (optional) pH值检测 （非必选）

The aqueous extract pH value has to be determined according to ISO 6588‑1.

The pH value of the paper after deacidification has to be higher than 6,5. Additionally, it has to be at least as high as the pH value measured during the process validation (5.3.3.2) minus 0,5 pH units.

NOTE In addition to this measurement of aqueous extract pH, measurements of surface pH are sometimes performed. The surface pH is a faster method compared to extraction pH to judge the pH status of a paper. If applied correctly (see Reference [3]), surface pH measurements also allow on-site measurements in libraries and archives and can also be used to follow the stability of deacidification on a longer timescale. However, surface pH measurement has its limits. It works well for acidic to neutral papers and also gives reasonable data until about pH 9. Usually, surface pH measurement has been successfully used with immersion treatments. Surface pH measurement may fail when larger amounts of alkaline reserve deposits are present at the paper surface and the solubility limit is reached.

During both process validation and routine monitoring the data should be documented in a way which is understandable for the customer. The testing laboratory shall include the following in the written report:

为方便客户理解，在工艺验证和常规监测时两组数据应以同样的方式记录。测试实验室书面报告应当包括以下几点:

a) the number and extent of the batch and/or order; / 每批/每个订单的数量和进展程度

b) the dates of treatment and period and final date of reconditioning; / 处理的日期和周期，及最后整理的日期

c) the date and place of testing; 测试的日期与地点

d) any other observation made directly related to the deacidified material (e.g. same batch or last examination before treatment of this respective customer) that may be of importance regarding deacidification treatment; /任何其他与脱酸材料有关的调查(如同一批或每个客户脱酸处理前最后的检测）对脱酸处理都是很重要的;

e) any deviations from this Technical Specification and any circumstances that may have affected the results; 任何与该技术规范不同和任何会影响处理结果的因素

f) for process validation: test results obtained when testing as specified in 5.3.3.2, 5.3.3.3, 5.3.3.4, 5.3.3.5 and 5.3.3.6 (optional), both on untreated test papers as well as on treated test papers.

In addition: test results obtained when testing as specified in 5.3.3.2, 5.3.3.4, 5.3.3.5 and 5.3.3.6 (optional), both on untreated test papers as well as on treated test papers, all of which have been subjected to accelerated ageing (in accordance with 5.3.3.1). All data should be expressed as stated in this Technical Specification or in the relevant standard referred to.

For routine monitoring: Test results obtained when testing as specified in 5.4.2.1 and 5.4.2.2. (optional), both on untreated test papers and on treated test papers. The results obtained during process validation should be used as reference data. All data shall be expressed as stated in this Technical Specification or in the relevant standard referred to. If the results of the first determination fail the limits of the used standard, a second determination is needed and should be denoted.

g) for process validation: A statement that the tested deacidification process meets or fails to meet the requirements of this Technical Specification. In the latter case, the specific reason shall be stated.

关于工艺验证：声明中有脱酸测试的结果符合或不符合本技术规范的要求的。不符合要求的要写明具体原因。

For routine monitoring: A statement that the tested routine job meets or fails the requirements of this Technical Specification. In the latter case, the specific reason should be stated.

常规监测:一份声明中有日常工作测试符合或不符合本技术规范的要求的。不符合要求的要写明具体原因。

NOTE A sample test record form is given in Annex B.Annex B中的样品测试记录

Annex A (informative / 信息)

Negative side effects and insufficient deacidification / 副作用和不充分的脱酸

Large scale deacidification processes may lead to negative side effects like bleeding of colours (of stamps, inks, etc.), white deposits of deacidification particles on the surface of papers and bindings or slight colour changes of treated papers. The occurrence of such negative side effects is strongly dependent on the type of process and the nature of the treated objects.

Although providers of large scale deacidification treatments try to reduce the negative side effects as much as possible, it is impossible to totally avoid them within a mass treatment of very different paper objects. The same holds true for the deacidification itself which may be insufficient in some cases.

For this reason, providers of deacidification processes should indicate any process-specific side effects known to them and, before placing an order, the customer should examine these using suitable samples and weigh up risks and opportunities for each individual job, depending on the objectives of the measures. The customer then has to decide whether he considers the possible risks to be reasonable and acceptable, taking due consideration of the cultural and historical significance and/or where appropriate, the artistic value of the items.

Whatever the case may be, in addition to the methods of testing, test papers and books described here, every customer is, of course, free to carry out his own tests on any paper of his choice, preferably on original items wherever this is possible.

无论采取怎样的脱酸工艺，在哪里进行脱酸，每个客户都可以在要进行脱酸处理的测试纸与书籍中选取样品进行免费脱酸试验。

It goes without saying that any process for deacidifying paper should ensure the unconditional preservation of the information contained on the paper.