The goals of this program are to reduce the risk for postoperative respiratory depression and improve the perioperative management of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). After hearing and assimilating this program, the clinician will be better able to:

1. Discuss how the synergy between opioids and sleep increases the risk for postoperative respiratory depression.
2. Minimize the risks associated with intermittent clinical monitoring in patients receiving narcotics.
3. Utilize electronic monitoring to decrease the incidence of adverse respiratory events.
4. List indications for interrogation of CIEDs.
5. Apply safety precautions for patients with CIEDs in the perioperative setting.

The original programs were presented by Nikolaus Gravenstein, MD, Professor of Anesthesiology and Professor of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, and Kent B. Berg, MD, MBA, Asst. Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville.

Audio-Digest Foundation, the largest independent publisher of Continuing Medical Education in the world, records over 10,000 hours of lectures every year in anesthesiology, emergency medicine, family practice, gastroenterology, general surgery, internal medicine, neurology, obstetrics/gynecology, oncology, ophthalmology, orthopaedics, otolaryngology, pediatrics, psychology, and urology, by the leading medical researchers at the top laboratories, universities, and institutions.

Recent researchers have hailed from Harvard, Cedars-Sinai, Mayo Clinic, UCSF, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, The University of California, San Diego, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, The University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and many others.

Out of these cutting-edge programs, Audio-Digest then chooses the most clinically relevant, edits them for clarity, and publishes them either every week or every two weeks.

In addition, Audio-Digest publishes subscription series in conjunction with leading medical societies: DiabetesInsight with The American Diabetes Association, ACCEL with The American College of Cardiology, Continuum Audio with The American Academy of Neurology, and Journal Watch Audio General Medicine with Massachusetts Medical Society.

For 60 years, the global medical community of doctors, nurses, physician assistants, and other medical professionals around the world has subscribed to Audio-Digest specialty series in order to remain current in their specialties as well as to maintain their Continuing Education requirements with the most cutting-edge, independent, and unbiased continuing medical education (CME).

Long a technical innovator, Audio-Digest was the first to produce audio medical education programs and the first to produce in-car medical education. Currently, its subscription and annual products are available on CD and MP3, as well as iPhone, iPad, and Android apps.