Beginning in the early 20th century and progressing rapidly since the 1950s, large-scale water works have created engineered rivers. In dry-land basins, on which we focus, they control flooding and provide water and energy to farms, cities and industry. Yet, they face numerous challenges.

Climate change, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007a, 2013), refers to the identified change in climate including the mean and variability, lasting for decades or even longer, as a result of natural internal or external drivers (eg: anthropogenic intervention).

Notes on Climate Change and Arid Basins Adaptation, Inevitability and Types of Major Effects reflects on how adaptation in arid/semi-arid basins might differ from adaptation under other climatic/hydrological conditions.

High quality water supplies are critical for municipal uses and irrigation activities. Managing surface and groundwater quality and quantity effectively is becoming more and more important as human population continues to grow and the threat of drought persists.

In this report, two fundamental lenses are used to examine the issue of water and FSN. The first is the human rights framework, particularly the rights to food and water, and how these two rights intersect and support each other.

"The two greatest rivers of the Eurasian landscape, namely the Euphrates and the Tigris originate in a particular climatic and topographic zone (i.e., Turkey) and end up in quite a different one (i.e., Persian Gulf).

For the SERIDAS project, the semiarid Central Chilean region was selected as its water bodies are highly modified to irrigate intensive agriculture and water resources availability is expected to decrease due to climate change triggered temperature rise and seasonal precipitation shifts.

Growing water extractions from agriculture and urban uses combined with emerging demands for environment protection are increasing competition for scarce water resources worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions.

The Júcar River Basin District (RBD) has an irregular hydrology characteristic of Mediterranean basins. Drought and flood episodes are highly common within its territory, even during the same year, and the balance between water supply and demand is very fragile.

The Galveston Bay Ecosystem Services Annotated Bibliography is a compilation of journal articles, reports, book chapters, and other literature intended to provide a general background on ecosystem services including the ecosystem services framework, models, tools, and valuation techniques.

The Galveston Bay Ecosystem Services Workshop resulted in the creation of a white paper, written to cover, at an introductory level, ecosystem services valuations techniques and, in more detail, case studies.