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Willi9
I I
N ft NOItTII, NO SOL'Tll, UNDLIS Tllir COWHH HON, BUT A SACKED WAIHTEKARCK OF THAT IXSTIiUWF.AT AS TIJE.l.MOS
VOL. 11.
M'AltTHUIi, VINTON COUNTY, OHIO, SEPTEMBER 14 1865;
NO 0,
?af .')!.!. v;-
U J . ,"v:
. . f ii.
. i .i
. . .
ILISIIfcu iKKr TUUMAV liV
E. A. BIIATTON.
'OFFICE.
lu Uri'.IKHt'x Uniiuins-'. fcttHul Couil
,1,,) 1kh. .hut will l' BBiitono year fur ('
fi .rtnr ; mil fifty cmitti; Kit .MmilM, lr Kuv -
.i.ly five mih; Kmr jlonlU, fur Fiuy CuiiU.
(4f-, .n:r will bo diKCuiitiiiucd kt, lliu
u,r;i'.iun wf thu liininiiil for.
TKUM3 KOK AV Kl' I'lSlNU.'
One tj.iinre fiti'i'Tntiiriioii, l,"1'
J'.hi:Ii ii MiUnnitl iiuurtk'n, f
CnfU ono year, " "u
Kcniuu (it ' ftppninlii.eii ol f .K.iiilia a
m.dimr liuniin.l K.xoctiU.rs 2.ft,)
Alliwilimentniitii'i'Hliotnro.'. 1. -''
K.lilurUI imtiou- pur lino, H'
Yu.irly ujvorlUinuiils will bi cli.irua t'.U,
r ,r u.tnin pur nimuiii.
AnJ In firniniitiiiniitfl ra'.c fur le- Hum u
, i liiMin, wnl I't.r jtin.u.
Tu" I'"" I""1'"0 u'' 'M'l'l ' oiii bqtmo,
n,l nil Aitvcrlitouiunra ur 1 Lujfitl Nuliuna uiurt
l.u pui'l In R-Ivh KO.
HfTliotiliuvot-'riiisnmxt lm juinpliyJ iUi
Ii?" All paymou B urn it t. inuilu lu lliu l'ro-
it-.r, an wa liu ie tin uitunti
i lie 'Dcuiocr a JoliOilke.
'. i
Wo mo ijTi i':irii l I'j oteiilt) w.lli tif.iilnAi,
ii'.iilvli uiul hI prii'u (J t iloly tompjliliuii,
nil kinds til Jtl Wiiiii.-""
l'AMI'UI-KTS,
HAND MILLS,
SHOW 1IILL8,
I'USTEUS,
l'llUGilAMMlCiS
UlLI.'HIiAl'S.
15LANKS of u!l KINWS,
cilllLM'ING UILLB,
LAIjKL'i, ifcc.,i.'a'.
tlie u-Htilnl n l )ocou incod tliut wwn
witlUu pmit.l lu'iticaii'i l'i.rlAHii.llii n uiij
I ;,Di iwlnl ii limit ii I in lliinHciiliiiu olcu iii try
l.J. IJ I !! IMI1BWI llJ
It A, tlumTAiii.i:.
COKSTABLK l SNIVEL,
At lor iic al
rhiini Ajntrf, Itoul I'oliiu;
J. a iv,
iii'tslitri tili.l Coil-
vi-vaui'ijrrt.
1 ii. Cftjiu I'lvkfii P t t
tUlicu on IHniil Strcnl, I wi ilnnl'i tilsl
ol. I'J. I D.iil;! Mori-.
Will iiI' mI pr.iiii.iUy tu nil i,i :i hi u.'.ir.
l.i l.l!ni r I'urj, In tlioU"iitiisl of ii U 1 , .'
bun, I'iKu mul iVmto.
.luniiiiry I'.i'll lSiiS tf,
O. KUATTOS,
AIIiumm'v f I Law ami
HcAr Imr, Ohio.
I'.nin UcuDHutl lij tlio V. S., fur tint piirput
I Will llli.011'1 l'l till) pl'jUl'Cllti' ll uml Vollcvti'HI
ol' uviTy HuAoriiiiiiiii f oliimn rs i m-t '.!
I'nitr.l JStutu-, iiii-l P'.uto of Ouio, liichulii.g Ur:
Muit'nn mid clui in.4.
IJouiities u:nl rrc:irusc ol'I'uy
Prornri'il.
I'KNSIONS fur wcim.lu.l uii'l dufil'lod i-ol-iliors
mul Buaiiniii. ami fur tlio Imirn of wl'liurs
vml si'.niiiuii wliolnive Jiel and liwu ki!k.l in
lliu nurvice. I would any to my I'i'uihI.i, lint
huwill ui'uiiil promptly lo tLo.r Luhiuijimj mid
in.jJjniU) torius,
.III III) ir.fli 1 vll.
""JONES HOUSE,
roms mouth on jo.
Mr. Johis has purclwjed the Old Ply
mouth House, and cli'iiwed its name
above. The House hasb 'cn ri ir.o U-loil uuJ
u now open for the recto; ion ol the public.
It is on the wharf, a healthy location, und
no pains will be spared to nr-tke the slay of
visitors at tli's tuiH.se, all tliey can widlt.
Charges low as the times will allord,
June29ih 185 --611111.
.CONDti l.
PYSCIAN3 AJcO
MeArUiur,
SU33EQNS
Ohio,
Will a I tend promptly nnd carefully to
the practice of their profession in all its
branches.
frtr SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO
4SIJRGKRy.f)
11. 6th, 1805. If. ,
V. . iTaTToN , A KC 11 .91 A YO
R RAH 3 5 MAYO
Allornevs al Lawv
Mcartdub; Vinton go. o.
WILL Rttoiiil to all letrul bininojs intrusted
to their uaro in Viiton, Athens, Jackson, liuss,
Hocking and adjoining counties.
l'tirticnlor attontioi piven to tho collection
of soldiers claims fur 'tnsiom, Bounties, ar
rears ( f pay ito., against tlio Ln't ted States or
Ohio, including Morgan raid claims.
April 12th 1365, lyr
JAMES .-.WARDi.
SADDLE& HARNESS
Mrami fa c ier.
Mc AETIIDR, OHIO.
I IAYarrasts ail AYorK.
Keeps constantly on hand and wil
soil at tho lowo9t prices, SaddlcB, Bri
dies and Harness of every description
and warrants his work for two years.
Call and examine. 1st door west o
ho Oonrt House.
ec. 22j 1864 Cmo.
Justices 13lanks, Blank Dkkds,
etc. of all 'descriptions for ealo at this
umce.
Democratic State Platform,
ADOPTED IN CONVENTION AT COLUMBUS
ADOPTED IN CONVENTION AT COLUMBUS AUGUST 24. 1865.
). I'jtoliel, '1 liul t!u: rcilrru! (iiivorn
inrnt pvi-ls on tv by viiluti i.f t!ie I'e.lrrnl
OjiiWiiu'.ion ami nisit-i.05 no juei:-, rot
lmiUi il Ii'-' I' .'it iiis'rmivnt
a. .',-.,( , Tlmt Ibo e;ii",in)re of Hk
last four icar-i 'ins il m"iim r .i I 1 . hi tin cm-
ini-iil dpgii'e. the wisdom ol our loicfallu'rs
lit insHUuL' upon a !ll.l r.miiirm 11011 01
the IVtli-ral (.'iiii-litnlioii; an. I w uilt-ily
uldior llie niphitry hy whidi violations,
lljo ino.t p aii; din' piiip.-ih e, if il.'ij ! '.tjr
and Bp i r it ol that iiiaruiiii'i.l, huVe bt en
end lirr !-; licit- I.
3. ll su'i'itt, ibat Ihe rcservi'il of
Ih't bhiU'S are f.-ii'iitiul to the cxi-li'ii "e of
11 Hi'iiiihlicdii linvi iiinic.nt.'aiiil In til' : lil i'i
ti 's am! pr'i-pcfiiy of th- jn-ople, nm! wo
arc, lli' i'-lore, nimlUnably opposed h
I'll !!.- ! IlL.t i -'II of llil I'OWtTs ill tilt1 liurid.ivi
the Federal (lovi-n.menl--)i. inusiiiiblc
i tiii;eipicMit:i's of which would b.' to riiiihi:
lliit (ii'V 'lUliienl. the llliiiit dipolic, cor
nipt and oipi'.-iv'j in tin' world.
4. AVyziY', That Ihe iJt tnucicy of Ohio
will maintain and defend, os they have ;;!
ways hiTi'lofoic done, an e.-.-eniiul to thu
exir-t' in e of our Fedeiu) fj'jtrm ofiiovern-.
tnont , llie liu.- d iciriue of Slate '.'its-
no t nillliliratioi, not beci'B. ton bill the
theory of tlmt nystein an laid down in the
Virginia ami ls'Mtt'n:Uy resolutions ut 17.1,
an intei piited by their anthori; the one by
Madi.siiu in bii report of 170:1, and the
other bf JeMVrou in hii Boleinn, oliicial,
Iniiut'uriil of ISO.
. R'-soliol, That, their ordinances of
(iecesnion beiiiLf void, liu tai-caded seced
inf Ktutes are utill in the l-'niuii as Stales,
ud ore, therefore entitled to all llie icserv
ed tiglits of llie Slates, and to their due
icpiei'.'ntali'jii in t.'oiiress, mul l) vote at
luttiri elections of l'ici'ideiil and Viee
President, nnd any r.ttenipt of llie Federal
'ioveniirit nt, or any depaitiieint '.hereof, to
depri'.c them of time rights, would bean
tt.r;iiult upon the ilit.s ol every btateiu
the Union, and an effort to ov r'hrow th
Uoveruiu'.'iil ordained by the Constitu
tion, t, Ri'soti'iil, That to each Stale beloi ?
the ridil to ilrtermino for itseil the qualm-
r j li.ms of iu electors, mil the General
Government ("iininl. nor can any ilepait
inent thereof, iiiterfere, directly or lirli-
recily, with the ci,erei-e of this richt,
w itlmtit a 0 iliiable violation of the Co;i-
Hiiutiou, and of the reserved rights of t'.ie
Suites.
. llciuluid. That llio effort now beiii''
mailt1, to confer the. rii;lit of Fullruge upon
negroes, is au iuii'lous attempt tu over
throw pi)iulai institutions by bringing the
tij;lit to vote into disgrace. Tiiat llie
ut irioesi aie nut comm'tent to the exerei.s-i
ol ilwl rUhl, Imr id il uei cfsatv to their
xaft-ty or protection. Oa the contiarv, its
exercise bv them, if attempted, would be
frmilit with tertible c.ilamilies to both
tliem und the whites. We ure, therefore,
uueq.tivoca'.ly op;o.:e.d to Nero Suf
frt'tc. 8.
liisowil, Tli 1 f the experience of 4
000
,1 in 3 u -iiii'ii.-u u'.-u uiiii in';nieart:L
-...-.....I 41...
not ?'ii!al to w bite men, nn I u II
lo place 1 In n; 011 a loot in-.; of cqiti'ity,
politically ami soeiu.Iy, w itn the whites,
ever have moved, and eu-r will prove
failures, mul u!l kiii-Ii u:teni ts ever h.tve
proved, uud ever will prove, injurious to
both iitces.
9, lii.M'ml, That ihis Government wa?
made by iiiie men, uud so laras we have
tho power to presnve it, it shall continue
to b-a Government of whit; men,
lu. llisulocd, That u tuler llie rn'j l
tbolitionism, and especially under the
recent military orders in Kentucky, the
emigration of lino's into Ohio is grow
ing evil, ii.id in order that while labor sheuid
be prol'Mted onanist rnro libor, and the
people against in yro p niperism, ,t is the
djty of tue Lcifislatiiie to diocoutago llero
emigration into our State.
11. Itesulfr.d, Tliat the war hivinj
ceased, it is the duty of the Governments,
State nnd Fedr ral, and of every citizen, to
strivo to heal ihe wounds inflicted by it,
and to bring about a fraternal feel in be
tween the p?oilo of tin different section?
of the Republic.
12. XcsoUcd, That tho valor nnd for
titude ofour troops hava never been sur
passed, and their patriotic devotion to
their country can uever be obliterated, from
our memories.
13. 1't.soh-ed, That we reirwl a na
tional debt as a national curse, and in view!
of our immense debts, Federal and Stato,
and of the enormous expenditures of our
Ftderal and State Governments, we de
mand an exercise of tne most rigid econe
mv by both, that all taxation by either
shall be perfectly fair and equitable, that
public expenditure shall be reduced to the
lowest pace standard coneistant with the
public safely, thut useless offices, civil
and military, shall bo abolished, and un
necessary officers dispensed with, and that
the Tariff and Internal Revenue Laws
shall be reduced to the exact revenue point
sufficient lor the Government, economical
ly and honestly administered.
11. Jiesohed, 'iliat we most explicitly
condemn the policy of the party in power
111 creating thousands ot millions of Gov
eminent stocks, and attempting to exhom
eratc the holders thereof from all obliga
tiou to pay their just proportion of taxes
for llie support of tlio folates in which
they reside, and thereby creating an odi
ous and privileged moneyed aristocracy,
and we declare it to oi the immediate duty
of Congress aud the Stale Lagislature to
use all legal and constitutional power they
possess totubject monev so invested to a
burden of taxation equal to that imposed
upon other property for Pederal.State and
municipal purposes
15. llaohid, That Federal taxes
should, as far 83 possible, be collected by
i..e..i. ...nu.i !.. c.... . 1
bite uuiiij iicasuicil VI mu utaicsanu
the people be thereby relieved from tho
lliir.lc df Ftiikrai t;ix gitln:ri?rs who 6l(i
r.O'.v eatirig out their subotiWi :i!.
I'J. r!LtJ, 'Ilmt. the tour Dollar
Mi'ii'u Cnuiiiaiiatioii Tuai,
Oli;:'it tu be lepculi- l.
-
1?. Ilaulved, Tliat tlio freedom of
S"ivc!i,of t!i e pirss oiul of electioii.-i , kuLcan
corpus uml ti iul by jury, urc t'.ie biitl
bt cfall American citizen?, cuaraiiteed
V bulli Fulural and, StaU' Con4itutioi:5,
llutui: will ir.aiutria end defend them na
gllc, , evt.r) t-x i .c mi ly , and tiiut we do
ikuiiicc especially the ariest of citiz'usby
military authority in States or places
where the civil tribunal ure uuinolested,
liieit tAccuiioii, imprisonment o'r trial
by military commissions, as palpable in
n act ion:s of the Constitution, uml ctttra
.ceotis upoa public liberty and private
lylii.
Its. if.?solvfi, That the continued sus
fusion -ol the writ of haheus carpus since
ttm termiiiitlioii ol tlio war, an.l m licit all
pieii-ii:!..' of neecifity is paseil the denial
ol a le'htol trial by iniv.and the trial of
citinis no', in the military service by
military commission;; anil tin" open inter-
lereme w ilh elections by military power,
a, in the recent instances in Kentucky nnd
Tfnne.iee arc revolutionary violations of
the lous'.iiulioii, tiircalening the very
existence of our most nncicnl nnd sacred
rmhis, that they rioi'.eud a tlaii;;er to the
liberties of the country trtaier tirm has
ever before menaced them, uud which it is
lite duly of ell ;iiod citizens to meet with
1 lie most (lei. riniueii opposition und most
sleepless vigilance.
VJ. Hewkd, That, while we will,
tesolurely ond persistently, condemn all
infractions of Ihe Constitution, by whom
soever committed, und while we regret that
the teiius of pat. ilica'.ion agreed lo by Major
Gen. Ulierman in April last, were not ut
mice ratified by the Federal Executive, we
will, nevertheless, stand bv President
Johnson in all Constitutional efforts to
immediately restore to the States the
euseije ol Ineu li'rllts hud Dowers within
the Union.
1
ADOPTED IN CONVENTION AT COLUMBUS AUGUST 24. 1865. SPEECH OF
Hon. George H. Pendleton.
A l tlio secsion of tho Democratic
Stato Uunvuution lio'J at Columbus,
"J tlio 2iili ult., an address was do
livct'cd by Hon, Gcoro II. fondle
ton. TE j follow!:)'; ia tlo epuccli
reported
or:
in tho Cincinnati Enquir-
REMARKS OF THE HON. GEORGE. H.
PENDLETON.
Mr Pendleton said ho would not
detain tho (Jonvonliun Inrj; that
this w.18 not tho tinio nor the place
lor much speaking; that ho would
cot enter into details no? discuss at
length the topics which appropriate
ly belong to this campaign. Ho
poko of the harmony which had
marked tho proceedings- of tho Con
ventionof tho excellence- of tho
Ticket, and of tho good Aliens winch
atknJcd th'a comineuceunjiit of the
contest,
lie congratulated tho Convention
that at length grim visngod war
liatli smoothed bis wrinkled front,
and the questions now to 'bu consid
ered belonged to tho domain cf ar
gument And not arms, llo congrat
ulated tho country that tho Demo
cratic parly siill lives, in all its
vigcr, to confront these questions, an J
lo put their solution to tho crucial
lest of those principles by which it so
long and so safely and "eo prosper
ously administered tho Government.
" I hu Democratic party is dead,"
eay our opponents. Let them look
hero upon us, this day, and boliove
that in numbers, at least, it is form
idable. Let them look into the his
tory of parties and the philosophy of
iiiu vjurcruiiiuuii, huu 11 tuey answer
honestly, they mast say that so long
as free government shall last, there
must bo, thero will be, a party, ast
sorting our principles, advocating
our policy, and probably bearing our
natno. ina war 13 over. Its avow
ed object, of breaking the military
power ol the South, is accomplished.
The ovacnatiou of Uiehmod announ
ced it. The surrender of Leo con
firmed it. The capitulation of every
armed forco between tho Potomac
and tho Rio Grando ratified it. Tho
inarch of Sherman to Washington,
tno review 01 tuo armies, tlio mus
tering out of regimouts and brigades,
and divisions and corps, establish it.
And yet hero and thero, and espe
cially now, when tha exigency of
elections requites tho exercise of ar
bitrary power or the extremo posi
tions, wo bear from somo ex-Major
General, who wants an office, or
Baouuy contractor, WHOSO uiaw 18
not yet filled, or fanatic, who' wants
moro power, that the war is not over
yet. Why not? Has not tho Feder
al power been OBtaulisncdl JJave
not tho Constitution and the laws
been asserted over tho eecodod
I tt rc 1 J i
fata.tc8' ?a. tb(? 97 ?( Juty'i
ISol', tho Kepubikuu party in Con-crc-su
docliired "Unit the war i-i v.pr;-
pioymcy 01 inn origination. ntiU io
pr,-ervo tho Union, with all tlic
dignity, equality a:id rij-ltd ol the
soveral JStr.tca nniui'aircd. Was
tbillruo? Then tho cljeeta cf the
war uro accomplished, ics pinpo9cs
arc- r.ttained, and all that be!on,'3 to
a fi'ie of war should ceaso. We
eft'. ict bo dcco'iTed. It is u false
kiru'Mi tj cover over illegitimate
ends. It seeks a screen for the use
of I'.ltirpod power. Conrts-maitial.
inililitry comuiissionB, Biispeiidiou ol'
Halxfls Corjus, suppression of news
papCB, intunerenco with Irec speech
and I'rco elections, these have been
tho kshk'ti for years past. Wli .u
wo timonstratcd wo wcro told the;
weru.thc necctsiiry inciJoiitt of a
ctatobfwar, and r.uld to thu war
makilig power; that when t!.o war
ceaaul tlicy would ceaso. Tur.N they
wero1 maintained to support war;
now trie war u inaimaiuua to sup
port iiioai.
Th war 13 at end. Many of its
efibeijl ran never bo erm-td. Tho
deep Sit rows which it has h;!t in our
eociail-'and governmental system cuti
nevei1 bo smoothed over. Its influ
enco ou tho lecling3 nnd character
of pui peoplo will remain. Tlio re
latiotBof tho people and tho 6CCt;ons
can nffcr bo exactly restored. The
quealimis which it hai raiood must
bo Bottled. Tho rtbult which it has
brought about must bi accepted.
Wo can not recall the ptist. Wo can
uotuaio what has bocuclonc. Wu can
not rc-eslablieu cxnctly tlic old order
of Ltiins; but wo can bo just nnifTthc
truo. Wo can bravely :.nd honei'.lv
mcctn'jw issues, and, like wise men,
hccupting tho unavoidable, yielding
to accomplished lacis, wo can, aa
tieariy as possible, ml h ore to old
landmarks, ant; thus Btcuro to our-
t'elvc3 nil the blc-B$ii);j9 of good gov-
(nimci.;. . ...
"Let tlio doad rust bury its dcn l.U
Lot na forget tho war, except lir the
lessons which it teaches; Let ue
banish it as tho horrid calamity, in
which tho innocent nnd tho L'tultv,
the puto and tlio wicked, tho unfor
tunate and tha undeserving, the
conquerer uud tho conquered alike
BiiiiVt'd a common wee. If F.n
would recall it lo nourish hr.trcd be
tween tho sections, or to excite the
peoplo o! either section against each
other, lot Lis name and his mmo be
accursed; let him bo anathema mar
auatha. When Mr Lincoln delivered his
Inaugural Address, ho said; "Sup
pose you go to war. Alter much
suffering on b.-tli eidc3, and no ad
vafitage ontpuither, you will have
tho samo qurislions of intercourse to
settle which you havo now." lie
was right. Wohfvo had war we
have had much sulljring anl what
are tho questions remaining? Thu
status of the negroes in the Sttt'od,
and tho relation ol the States among
themselves. To a Democrat these
questions appear easy ol s duti jii.
lie brings tuem to toe teat ol Ihe
Constitution. The Constitution de
clares that the powers -'not delegated
ni'o reserved. ' it also tlelinea the
relations ol the States. Jo power
has been given to tho Federal Gov
ernment, or any of its departments,
to interfere with tho Etatua of the
poonlo of tho States, or to chango or
defitio the relations of tho States to
each other. If tho war was wagud
to maintain tho supremacy of
tha Constitution, 6urely tho
success of the war and tho at
tainment of peaco Bhould uotbu made
the occasion of impairing it. Theac
questions must bo Iclt with the
States tucmaeive3.
If tho war was for another purposo;
if Black Republicanism was all a
lie; if coercion was a basa pretext,
and armed revolution was tho real
deBign, wo confront another question;
Wbat ought to te, not what 13, the
Constitution? And to this question
we are being brought. Meu high iu
authority propound it to cs. I oee
that tt citizen of our own Stato, now
on tho stump, an ospirmg man a
mqmber of ' Congrcsa announces
that he will novo? consent to tho ad
mission to Congress of Kepresenta-
tives and Senators from Southern
States, until they shall, by their votes,
haTe adopted tuo pending amend
ment to the Constitution, and an
other, changing the rulo of reprc1
eentalion, until they shall havo shown
thoir aptitude for frco Government,
as uo movingly torina it, by tha ia:
Constitution, they hr.1 pjrtoriued
'nlity with which they cm put their
lianJa on their mouths and their
mouths in tho da.st, t:nd, lil:o fawu-
ing e corhants, degrade themselves
by bauo servility.
I am iu favoi cf no chango ii. tlic
Constitution. I .Would leave5 the
question of suiiVagu to tho A':atc8,
because tho Constitution leaves it
ihera. I would recognizj tho lighl
of tho Southern St.Ues to their old
position in tho Federal Bysjom, in
stantly, without delay, wiiiiout expe
riment, .vitlior.t condition, cave only
Miat tucy acknowledgo tho eupre.na-
cy of the Conotitution, and admit i U
provisions to be the binding rulo ol
tha State aud Federal action; t; 1
this bec.iuso tin ConGrildtini creates
1 confederatiou of equal States.
Two theories have alone prov.".'led
in this Gov triiment from its b -gin-
ning. Uno party ccmcl the right
of Bcccsiion; the oth-.-r party ninin
iaiiit.d it iJjth agreed that if tie'
ordinance of secession were iut.ilid,
it wa! utterly void, inoperative for
ill purpoj-es, ineffective- upon either
tlio people or the territory, citl-er in
their relations to the Fclera! or Siato
G-ivcrnmcnt. They also cgrccd thai
if it were va'id, it tuvciod tho tie
which bound tho Sta'.o to tho Union.
Tlio Stato resume:! tho delegated
powers, and b c.imo agr.in wholly
inJepeiuletit, 119 it had been whjlly
sovereign. They bo'lt r.grjed that
tho Staten wcro sovereign were in
tk-pcndeiit except i:) fl) far n-s tl.. y
had c Hunted to he bound by the
CouVutution; f.nl that wheiiovtr
they recognized tho pjwe-r of the
Federal Government as deli uei ly
their wholo b m.tm obr.itioii,
nu-l
that in no event were they eubj :ct to
control or i tan n.Tic i with tho or
ganiz.Uiou of their local Goveruuicnt,
or the munagi'iujiit of thiir domestic
policy. The o-io party, liow.'.vcr,
claimM that, when they denie-1 tlio
Federal power, and obstrueled Us
operation, armed coercion might be
used to compel obodicitco to its
lawful requiroiiiunta. This wao the
extreme doctrine of tho Federalists
ihis wt3 the theory ot those who cal
led tht-niftclvca tlio friends of the
Govornmont. This v.-aa tjjo theory
on which tho war coinmeiued. This
wad tho theory of coercion, 'l'liis
was the theory of Mr Lincoln, when
10 ij'.id that alter tho war the same
. 11 ... 1 .'
qnesiuns would exist us ueiorti.
this wai the theory of ti.o CtitteQ-
len resolution and the Uepublicus
party in Congress.
This was the theory ol Oenoral
Sherman w'.ieii ho cntereu into his
truce with General Jobntion. And
ho fsaid rightly, that ils ob rvatiee
would bring poaco from the Potomac
to the llio Grande a veritable
poace, a pacification, Jiesisturico to
tho Federal auth'rity would have
ceased, aniH'd fuice.; v: iuld have
he:'ii dispersed, arms anil ioi ts a-. . 11 i
have been given 1:0,100 ldtial
wjald h ivo bee ) ex.ie :te 1. On the
ether Land, (ho State ( iovornni-.'iits
would have been left intact, the
fuoelious of civil society would have
been uni:n;nirci'd, lite civil law
'.vouM have boea 11 Iip.i p1 ci-lm! bv
ordinary tribunals, the or iiua -u;r 0
secessiou would havo been repealed
or treated as nuiii'.ies, the Fcderii
Geveruaicut and State Govuninitntrt
would, by this time have revidvod
harmoniously in their resp etive or
bits, and then to tha State.? would bu
left, as they properly belong, the
auoationa ot T-iegro Sulirago tii'l
now UoiiBtitulions, find the relations
of labor. 1 think General Sherman
proved himself even moro wieo in
negotiation than formidable in war,
and that bis statesmanship, moro
than his arms, would have maintain
ed the Uuioa.
But in theso latter days a now
theory has snung into being. It is
the ollspnug ol more than 1 ankee
ingenuity, stimulated by more thau
Yankeo faunticisui. It holds that
acts of secession aro both valid and
invalid valid to destroy tho State.
invalid to destroy tho Union; The
Stato of Virginia ralifiod tho Con
stitntion, not as paitof tho people
01 tho uuited Stale3, not as a uaaior
tty ot tno people ot virg:nm, but
in her capacity as a sovereign State
regulating her relation to other bov
eveigus, Tho old CoufedoiaUou had
been practically dissolved, thi new
one bad not been formed. " Virginia
was abaolutoly sovereign, and as
ueii, give her asbent to the Fedora'
UnitUutieU, By that uct mi be
cauio m uioiiibor of tho Uuioa. By
that act sloLo-iby Ler
comaiiudirouiia6teady upjiort of the rigbtb
alone her eitizena owo obedience to"'
tho Federal Government. Virginia
repeals that act cf ratification, and
thereby endoavors to scccdo from
thu Uuion, and to roleaso ;hcr3olf
from Fedoral obligations, and ber
f'tizeiu from obodieuco to Federal
law.
These gentlemen aver that the act
of repeal does not dissolve tho tiej
which bin li the territory to tho
Union, but does destroy it State'
Government; does dissolvo it as a
political community; docs absolve
th) Federal Government from all
duties, and does confer upon it ajl
pojri'M of management and control. '
1 wiil tvt say that tho gontlomcu da
not t.hetns'dves believe this doctrine,
but 1 will say that if they can main
taiu it, the war was uot for tho Un
ion, but for conquest; and tho result
is that the South is sub u-nted. not-
to the Constitution, but to tho will
si' the North. And then it follows
thai tho imposition of Negro SufJrugo,
of ne. v Constitutions, of amendments
to the Federal Constitution, the res
toration of civil law, or tho contina- ,:
a:ice of military rulo, aro question 1
of policy, cot power: and to this
portion do theso gentlemen, most of
all Ihing3 deeiroto reduce them. '
Midway botweon these positions
is tho theory adopted by tho Adrain
idtiMtieu, or, perhaps, I ought to say,
by President Johnson. Ilo boliovea
that tho qneation of BufTrago belongs
lotinStaiOH. He believes that tho
ordinances; of secession wcro iuvalid,
for every purpose utterly void
that tioy do not affect titbor the ,
territory or tho people,' or the Stata
Govornmont, but that tho officers of
tho State Governments, in resorting
to war,1)ocarao usurpors, and by
forco, aud in fraud, perverted the
powers of tho State to illegal ends:
that their acta, eo far as executed,
were without authority, and there
fore wrongful go far as not yet exe
cuted aro utterly void. This usurp
ation supplanted tho logitmato Gov
ernments, which lio durmrut, inopcr
ativo now, but entitled to r,li tha
poweri and rights of tho States,
when tho usurpation displaced them.
Hence ho appoiuts Provisional Gov
ernors to set tho old machinery io
motion, and socks a pivotal point oa
which its revolutions 'shall com
mence. I witih t'10 Prosido.it had gono
farther. Ho would bavo done. bit
ter, if ho bad accepted Shcrm m '
truce. Ho would have done b. tti r
if, whfjn bo racoived tho eubm"ssi'oi
of armed forces, ho had recogni:! . .!
the legitimate powers of organized
Stato Governments. But be has
done well iu this, that bo recognizes
ihe I'owcra of the States over tho
question of 6iiifrago: that bo appoints
a s Provisional Governors, the citizens
ot the States, and not Btiporsctvicea
blo patriots from Ohio aud Massacb.
ujeits that bo desiies tho States to
resume their relations to tbo Federal
Government as eoon as possible, and
to be represented iu both Llouses of
Coiigresd and on thoso points I de
tuo to uivo him a cordial aud hearty
approval.
Tho finst desire of every patriot
now is tho p iciticition of tho country,
tho return to tho ways aud duties and
prosperities of peace: and this can
most speedily und only be accomp
libhod by securing to tho pooplo of
ihe South Belt' government in their :
Stetos, und their appropriate influ
ence in the Government of tho Un
ion. The Constitution will do this;
It need only bo observed. Its pro-vi-jions
aro all-suflicieut. It needs
:o amend'). out. Wisa men niado it,
rood men administered it foreoventy
yearp, peaco and prosperity attended
it. It will bring agaiu union ana
freedom and prosperity. It Bccnres
tho riht3 of tho States at Lome. It
secures , tbo just rights of tbo Federal
Government. It secures tue liberty
of tho citizon. If tho President. wiil
fairly administer it: if ho will make
au honest effort to opply its provis
ions: it bo will remember that the
powers ff tho Federal Government
ar j all delegated, and that tho rofct
aro all reserved, that trial by jury,:
free speech, lroe press, aro to bo held
inviolate, thut military coiaudaaioiis,
for tho trial of civilians, uroabso- '
lutely prohibited, 1, for one, believe
it to l-o wy highest duty to give him
a warm support. If he will not go a
far, I will eupport liim where lioJs
right, aud as tftriie&tly coudomu .iu' '
vbeie be is wrong. The party which
Iuih not beeu divorled In tho ihidtrt
f tlu terrors of tho paat ioug yeaia