In countries where schools have greater autonomy over what is taught and how students are assessed, students tend to perform better. In countries where schools account for their results by posting achievement data publicly, ...

This paper proposes two related measures of educational inequality: one for educational achievement and another for educational opportunity. The former is the simple variance (or standard deviation) of test scores. Its ...

Fifteen-year-old students whose parents often read books with them during their first year of primary school show markedly higher scores in PISA 2009 than students whose parents read with them infrequently or not at all. ...

On average among OECD countries, the percentage of students with an immigrant background grew by two percentage points between 2000 and 2009. Immigrant students represent more than 5% of the student population in 13 OECD ...