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Testimony: Death of a Guatemalan Village

author: Victor Montejotranslator:
Victor PereraCurbstone
Press, 1987

grades
8-up

Maya

Guatemala’s
36-year civil war (1960-1996), in which leftist rebels fought the army—with
huge numbers of Mayan campesinos caught in the crossfire—was one of Latin
America’s most violent wars in modern history.[1] From 1982-1983,
the military regime headed by Efraín Ríos Montt was responsible for widespread
massacres of civilians, as well as torture, rape, and genocidal acts against
Guatemala’s Mayan populations. As with many Latin American dictators, Ríos
Montt was supported by the US, which trained him[2] and gave him
monetary aid in his fight against the rebels. During the period of his
presidency, Ríos Montt deliberately targeted the Maya in the countryside, whom
the army suspected of sympathizing with and harboring the rebels.

“With
the rise to power of Efrain Rios Montt,” Montejo writes, “all remaining human
rights were abolished, and the army became the sole arbiter over the lives of
Guatemalans.”

This
history is the backdrop for a particular massacre that occurred on September 9,
1982. This is Victor Montejo’s Testimony—the testimony of a young
schoolmaster, through whose eyes readers will witness the brutality and sadism
that the Guatemalan army unleashed in Tzalalá, a remote Mayan village in
northwest of Huehuetanango.[3]

In
Spanish and English, Montejo dedicates this book “to the memory/ of the many
thousand/ Guatemalans/ who were killed or disappeared/ during this decade/ of
aggression and struggle./ And even/ if there are attempts/ to blot out their
names/ little by little/ I know that wild flowers/ are growing daily/ from
their clandestine bones—/ scattered there in the ravines and the mountains.”

Montejo
does not hold back, does not mince words. His language is raw, and Montejo is a
gifted educator, poet and writer. But in Testimony, he is a
witness, perhaps his most important role. After a particularly savage beating,
Montejo relates,

I
breathed deeply to offset the effects of the beating and tried to keep my legs
from collapsing with fatigue. It was now midnight, and my thoughts flew toward
my wife and children, who would be alone in our home, worried sick over my
absence. My clothes were stiff from the mud and water and stained with blood:
they clung heavily to my body, causing my muscles to tense so as to repel the
cold that bit at the marrow of my bones….

I
followed [the soldier] like a starving and filthy beggar, eager to curl up in
some out-of-the-way corner and wrap himself in trash or anything else he can
find that will keep the cold from freezing his bowels. I understood then why
beggars love their treasure trove of old and ragged things and why they sleep
with one eye open to protect them at night, and why they guard them so
jealously during the day. Whatever beggars have, beggars love. Those tattered bags
full of fruit waste and rotting leftovers were precisely what I craved that
night.

I
encourage teachers to use Testimony with their eighth-graders,
just before they go on to the next stage in their formal education. I encourage
them to keep returning to the cover. It’s a photograph of Mayan refugees in
Chiapas, Mexico, in November, 1982—one month after the massacre. How many
survived? Where are they now?

There’s
no polemic here, just a horrible, graphic description of what happened through
the eyes of a young schoolmaster who survived it—and lived to tell about it.
Along with Rigoberta Menchu’s autobiography, I, Rigoberta Menchu, Testimony:
Death of a Guatemalan Village is essential reading. Thank you, Victor,
for your courage in bringing this shocking event—one of far too many—to the
world’s attention. Highly recommended.

—Beverly
Slapin

(published 4/7/13)

__________________________________________

[1] More
than 200,000 Guatemalans were killed in the civil war.

[2] In
1951, Ríos Montt attended the notorious school for torture called the School of
the Americas; and in 1954, the young military officer was part of the
CIA-organized and –financed coup against the democratically elected President
Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán.