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If I I I I I II I lil fftWA III VOLUME XLII. COLUMBCJS, OHIO, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1851. NUMBER 10. PUH1.18IIKU EVKRY TUKHDAV MOKNINO BV HCOTT t llANtUMI. 1 F PI C H JOURNAL BUILDINGS, HIGH AND MAUL STllKKTS. COUNTING ROOM ON PEARL, BTJIKET. THRIIIH Invariably In mlvnnre. Week iy inr annum In Columbus Out ul tint city by mail, iiitflo Tuoluui oi lour anil upwnnU , Tin nb ol' u-n and upwards, to onu aridrusa , Daily, session Tri-Woekly, di Weekly (in., single , To club ol live and upwards , The Journal 1i alto published Daily ami Tri-Wpnkly during thi ynar j Dally per anumn, by mail, 5 ; Triweekly, CI. ..'.'00 .. 1 iW .. 1 sa .. I 00 .. 2 01) .. 1 mi .. ft" 40 IlnlPR of Advertising Oueiqunrn, lOiinnt or less, oiidiiiik ' " " earn additional " ' " 1 mi in til WerUIr I'nper ..(1 M .. 0 as .. 1 .10 ' 3 " 3 so " " " fl " 5 o " " " 13 " e on " ' chancabl(t monthly, per annum yd 00 " ' weekly " " u (Mi fltandinircarrt, ono square or less, ' r no l column, cliaiicablf quarterly," " 35 00 W " " " " f,() (HI 1 n . " 41 " " " KM) 00 Other cnins not prnvided f or, cuarsraliln in conformity with tn aho to rntes. All loadcil BdTrtlMim(ntatnhnrhnrfdiiot less than doubln th almvo rates, and miiniurcd it olid. Advertisements on the inshieMX-luveiy,to twchargedatthn rat of 50 ifr rt'tit.in ailvnncemi tho atmvrrntcs. TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER "8, 18.11. the beginning, in fnvnr of continuing in a territorial on dilimi. Appearances indicnie that it will also he acceded to at the Norlli. For the manifest injusiico of MMniiiMiiMiMii nun uiniiujinii(iIU) IWJUllUMI, ia everywhere conceded ; and, besides, where the hnlf of 11 whole Stale indicates the wish to follow n certain lint, tlie disposition of most Cnliforninns in to let it Imvo its own wny. It i'm, therefore, hazarding but little to predict, that Congress will be mcmorinlizid liy the Legis Intiire, nt its coming Reunion, in favor of the proposed division, nml that tho new territory will lie erected with gonerul consent, unless small politicians in tho State combine to interfere with what they cannot tin-derslmid, and succeed in defeating a measure of justice to n pent i' ful and Hitlering people. This loiter is already so long, that I presumo to sny hut a word more ; am! thut is to remark, that our po-lici records show the commiinn of crime has almost entirely ennsed in our city. No more burglaries, no more robberies; all is peaceful and quiet. Of cniirie, this is not to be attributed to the terrible efficiency of tho Vigilance Committee. Si'kctator. Division or Califoriiiu. Wo have heard something, through the papers, of the project of a diviiiioii of California, but we were ignorant of the excuse set up for such a step. A correspondent of the New York Iferald attempts the argument of the case, and we copy it entire thin tho poo pie of (his conn try may undent! in id what thoy say is their object, anil the reosons therefor. We are not convinced of ihepnl-icy of this step. TVo are afraid (a Whitman us d to s;iy) there is an Indian behind llio bush. We apprehend this is only a pretence lo escape from thn free constitution of California, and that Die erection of a slave State will be tho end or il. We warn northern members of Congress to bo careful how they vole and act, as tlie failure to protect the interests of free soil on tho Pacific will ho visited by the stern rebuke of our entire peoplo. What is llio pretext for this division! That the southern agricultural regions aro inxod higher thnn they can pay for the support id I he State government. This is all a fulhiey. An eipml system of inxatioii aup-poses lair and proper valuaiion of pmperty, and this in based upon iis position and capacity to bring nn income. If the larmi in the South are not productive, and the fur men cannot rni money enough to puy tuxes, then these farms are valued quite, too high, and they must be lowered. This subject can and must be arranged according to ihe protluc.tiveneFS ur capacity for production of ihu property. If now no high in any locality an In bo oppressive and unbeanible, the Hhite legiidaturo must rqtiatize it, and let them down to their line ponj. lion. It is all sheer humbug to urge lhi$ as an excuse for 11 division of llio Stat Hut it is not piopoied to ereet another Ntate. Thenn south endrrs do not wnu' the trouble and expense of maintaining a government of their own. They propose to erect the southern portion of California into a territory, to be governed by the United States, and all the salaries and expenses of government to be homo by the United States, This la a new and strange idea. Wo have had 110th- j iiig like It in Ihe history of this nation. We have no instance where n part of a State was cut off mid eroded into a territory. Territories very frequently grow into Stiitt-g; litit no State or part of Slate has ever Inped back to a terriiory. This is not the ilireriion that prog-renNion lakes in lids country, and it is singular ihat sin h an idea and n quest should first spring up in Cab ifomia. We do not believe that ihe thing can ho done. We know of nn powi r, eitln-r in 11 Stale or in Coneross, to bike surh a step. To our mind it would be iinconati-tulioiial, unwarranted by llio fundamental hiwof ihe laud. S'Ttion ;id, article 4th of the contilution of Ihe United Stale, n-ad an billows: ' New Stales may be admitted by Ihe Congress inl this Union, Imt 110 new State ahull ho formed or erected within tho jiihiU'lion of any other Stale, nor nuv Slat) be Innned hy l he jiiitrtiim ol two or t?:nre Sinies ot purts ul Sifiti'M, " ilhnot 1 tin roiiHfiit uf Ihe I,eilii-''lures of Ihe States roocerued an Well n of tile Coil-Uress."We aro nwiireth it sinre the admission of Texan, which was a foreign im'i"n. by simply a renolutinu, it has not been cuiisidered ilillidilt to do anytKinft (hat was found denirnhfe, or thought lo bo desirable by Congress. And the same plan of pulling a thing through, without rrgnrd to the power or right to do ao, may ho resorted lo nr the purpose of making a Territory out of a slico from California. Hut this dots not render smh a step coiifttiiotiotial, nor will it in the hunt reioucile us to tho jm-piiely of it. All tho pietenres for this change aro mere prelriiccs. When the lime conies that Ihe Bonlhern portion has a population nntlicient to tntiko B Stale, find when Ihe people denire it, wo see 110 good rea-on why it nhonld not bo granted. The people will settle under the lre laws of the Stale, and it it li;inlly piHsible that, under sm h circumstances, they will ever agree to introduce shivery therein. At present, we hope Ilia whole scheme of erecting n new Territory will bo iU-oiintuiiBi)ccd. The following is the letter to which we lef. r: San Fhancisco, Sept. 1S31 Remit of the Etrctfa Propnird Jiivitian of California Itt Cansei The Agricultural VrotpeetM 0 HuHtkrrn California State of Society, ftc, ,c. Tlie papers contain an account of 11 movement for the u:vmoiioi me niuio. this is an earnest movement, and in entirely dotnentio in its origin and ohjed, ntul has iiothiti( to do will) the question of alavi-rv. or ol n balance ol power holwoen me Sottlh and tho ,Norl!i, The South rn, and by fur ihn lurger portion of the Stute, is entirely panto ml 111 its nnluie and rnpuhiliiiea; without mineral, without agticullitral reniiurres, and wiilioul any staple pniductioii. Much of ii ia Kinpied by mountains ami marshes, and the remainder is divided into large ruuehoa, or gruziug farms, many leagues in extent, producing a roame natural gnus in the rainy season, over wmcn camo roam ut large, gelling very lat 111 ine spring, ana aiuiont siun mg 111 tlio summer, nriiry tenson, rrom April to iViveinber. no rain la in this country, and cnmequenily, ugriculturo cannot ue nependeil oil. The whole country is, in fact, a treeless denert, nf- loriling, lor tlie pri nter iiuriioii ol ihe ear. onlv 11 ty niibialence to entile and hordes ol iho moat hardy species. In the centre of a wild tract, ihe ram hero nut Irs House ol fliiefte, and lived a eaicmi patoral lib. From his cniile he derived his piiiuipal foml, which, with such osruleiiia as grow uloug Ihe ncultered streams in tho lower valleys, ami at) occasional supply of rice from abroad, or ul wheat from tho river valleys of the upper country, maintained his family ihe year round. His wants were few, nml thoso wereeanily supplied by tho slaughter of a few bullocks, whoao bides and tallow, trauaorted lo tho nearest sea-purl, provided all miierlluilien which were needed lor lami-ly ute, or for social orreliginus festivals. Such was iho lie ace lu I and happy life ltd by the native Californians, heliire the Americans came or gold was dincovered. Hut with Iho coining of those two events camo the dawning of a new era. A nation ol two hundred thousand souls was set dowu in the midst ot a desert, and disdaining the chrysalis condition ol a territorial government, leaped nl once into the position of n sovereign State. Hut with the independent condilion came also the necessiiy of nn independent support of tho new government hy H self, Tlie new government wan coin- ! tolled to derive ihe menus of its own subsistence from is own population, Tims arose taxation, and a taxation which was as excessive compared with that of any oilier Stale, as the expenses of living and tho salaries of Slate o incurs exceed lli me ot other Stales. lule tins han been endunihlo in the well setlledand agricultural di tricts of northern California, it has fallen likoihoblqdit of desolation upon the insioral districts ol thu south. It can well bo imagined how ruinous a taxation of even tweniy-fivo cents an at re would be to tho owner of a raucho of twenty or thirty thousand at res, who lor years perhaps had not itossesscd, or frit the in cd of possessing nim hundred dollars in rush. It has been found iinposnible in nuslain the weight of Slate taxation. The finest ranchos in southern Cull lorn ia have been cold at mere nominal rales for taxes. The owners of oihern have collected (heir catile and driven them away into I Lower California, deserting their ranchos, and choosing rather to return to Ihe soil ot Mexico Ihim lo bear the buiden of a ruinous taxation. The whole population of the southern portion uf the Stale find this burden equally unendurable. Hence this movement for the division of the Rdite. It is proposed that it bo divided on n parallel of latitude nhout sixty miles to the south of San Franciaco.of almut thirty-seven degrees of northern latitude. This would cut oil' from the Slate a tract live hundred and fifty miles in length, by ihroe hundred broad. Hut out of this territory il in nui proposed to erect n new Slate. I ne mnnimnnis scok 10 escape the 1 vils and expense 01 a nwn government. 1 ney desire to return to it ter-riioriid form of government, under the foaiering rare and pro led inn of the Uniied S'ates. To organize a new State would only aggravate the evils of wliieh they complain, and which thev wish to escape, T sever them from tlto existing State of California, and erect nver thetna teriiiorial uovernment. of widt h ihe United States would assume the respoiiiihilily ami the iauao, wouiu alleviate present sutler 1 ngs, and aitord Sinrauiee tor tlie luttiru. This movatnent pmarewwa at Ilia South with an al most tour unaniiniiy. lu fiot tha South voted, at J inline t'oiK-kliiiK's Decision. Wo call the special attention of our renders to ihe opiuintt of Judge Concki.inh, of New York, nn the Sy- rncuio riot case. 1 lie law which they have broken, is quoted, and we hopo our citizens will read the law and ihe opinion carefully, nml aeo where they ntutid, before they venture on any similar speculation. It may be very good ftiu to mob anollicer, and sot a runaway negro Ireo, Imt tho after part will not be so pleasant. The law mutt bo upheld, and those who attempt to trnmplo it under foot, must nnd mil he brought before Ihe courts, and puiiinhcd. Don't forget this pnrtof the Jenny Mud. The Swedish Nightingale and horallendaiils missed over Ihe road from Cleveland to Cincinnati yesterday. A Car wasspetially appropriated to her company. She arrived at Cleveland on Sunday morning and remained at the Weddell House till yesterday. If or first con- fori in Cincinnati will he 011 to-murmw (Wednesduy) evening. Wo learn she will bo in Columbus about Ihe lOrli of November. CP' We were visited yesterday bv one of our color ed ciiions, who informed us that tho sentiments con tained in the resolutions published by us, and paed at a meeting of colored persons in thn city, were not the sentiments of the more Intelligent and better portion "f the blacks, and that they ntlurly rcudiakd the whole n flair. Wo aro glad tn henr this, and wo trust Unit ihoae who passed these rexolulious will yet see the error of their courso. Wo wih to bo understood, therefore, us applying Ihe remarks we made to thoe who pa-ed and endorse the resolutions, mid not to the entire colored population of ColuintiiiM Wkstkrm Hkskuvk Tkanhchii'T. The old Trumbull County Whig comes lo us in anew and improved shape. It is now a largo and beautiful paper, and vim hardly fail lo secure n paying patronage. We aro glad lo sen Ihat our young Irieiul F. Ii. TuMmm in one of ihe editors. Our readers have been favored with occasional ell'ortn from his pen, which evinced a mind id moro than ordinary capacity. We wish long life ami much tiuccenn to llio Trantcript, and we leel coniident it will deserve them. The Derision of Judge Conkling, In thk cask op tint Svkacusi Hiotkrh. AununN, Monday Morning, Oct. 20, Ift.il. Tho United States v. Ira II. Cobb. The United States p, Moses Summers. The United States r. .1 nines Davis. The United Slates v. Stephen I'nrter. The United Slates v. William L. Salmon. The United States v. Harrison Alleu. Tho United Slates v. William Thompson. The United States v. Prince Jacks n. Tho evidence in behalf of the United Slates against llu9 above named deleudants, ha vim been completed on Saturday afternoon, und their counselexpressingno desire to hove any other wiliiesnes called, the proceeding was adjourned until II o'clock this morning, when Judge Conk ling pronounced tho following decision: Co.vki.ino J. The specilic chnrgeon which the prisoners have severally been arrested and brought belore me for examination, is ilmt of having uiilnwlully aided in ihe escape ot an alh-dged fugitive from labor, idler ho hnd been apprehended, and while he Wus yet in custody, in virlue of a warrant issued in n proceeding for his restoration to tho person, a citizen in the State of Missouri, to whom it was alledged bis labor was due. In proceeding now, ns it is my duty to do, to decide upon ihn legal ell'ect of ihe evidence before mo, it is proper to premise thai there is no teaiimony tending to lix upon tho defeiidauta the guilt ol any higher offence than Ihat just named. This, indeed, I uuderstnnd to be tacitly conceded by (he Attorney for tho United States. There is no evidence ol nrevioua combination nml arming for the purpose of " levying wnrngiiiiist the Uniied States," nor doea it appear that the defendants and their associates had nr.y nhjcotinvjnw beyond that of dofeating the execution of the law inn particular instance. Theso are therefore to he considered nnd treated as oases arising under the icventh section of iho act ol' September 18, INaihch.fiQ, entitled an net to amend, and supplementary lo ihe act entitled 'Ail act respecting Fugitives from Justice, and 1'ersons escaping from ihu Servicn of their Manters,' approved February twelhh, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three." The section referred to is in the following words: Andbeit further enacted. That nuv tinrmm who ahnll knowingly and willingly obstruct, hinder or pruveni such cluimant, his ngent or nttorney, or any person or persons lawfully assiniing him, her, or theiii, from arresting such fugitivo from servicoor labor, either with or without process ns alorewnid, or shall rescue or attempt to rescue, niich fugitive bom service or labor, Irom the custody of such claimant, Ida or her ngeut or attorney, or other person or persons lawfully assisting as nhVenniil, when ho arrested, nuinualit to the niithori- Pnr tho Olilo Ptato Journal. Keokuk, Iowa, Oct. 20, 18.11. Emma Ohio Statk Journal: Since custom hns rendered " skelt hen by (ho way ' a popular feature of newspuper literature, I shall beg your indulgence in presenting a few thoughts on Western life and Wint- ru towns nnd cities. And I will prctiibm by saviny that the city in which I write furnishes the moat extra ordinary illustration of lite enterprise nnd energy of the Wcsleiri people, and ihe rapidity with which cit ies nre built up 011 Ihe banks of tho Miie-issippi, or wlrdl I have any knowledge. J wtisliern seven years ago. Keokuk wan then a little village, struggling into existence, with scarce U hundred inhabitants. It now numbers m ar, it iiol quhe, live ilioiisutid inhabit nuts, and is the great commercial einooi iuiii fur Sooth- ru lown, at well ns u portion of Mi-nouii and Illinois. ! nm ml vised that the buslneM done hero last yenr, ' iicluiliog the mercpiiiiile, produce and forwardiii" trade, amounted to some milion , ,W. TJo-1 in surely niiexninph d in llio history ol Western merre, nnd ihe statement may seem extraordinary without s word of explanation. Heiug at the foot of the rapids ol tho Mississippi, il is realty the principal out 01 wholesale liusir.es on in Upper Mipsisnppi. One thing, however, will strike every one in visiting this place, mid that is the want of extra envitnl. Never havo I been in a placo where this was so manifest. Capita! in all actively engaged. Tlnro is but linle employed in orun men ling ihe t My. Warehouses are more numerous than clem lies. Indued, there is a great luck of public buildings of all kinds. The St.ile Medical College, hiculid at this plnce, is 1 exception to thin reiunik It is really n very neat arid tasty strncluro. Ileing on elevated ground, it pre sents from llif river a gniial utid imposing appearance, and in nltogelher the greatest ornament of Iho city. Tim majority ol theraculiy are said so be gentlemen at distinguished ability an ! nchersof the "divine art." Tho enterprise of establishing nn institution of medical learning is highly creditable to this young and growing Stale. There is now much excitement prevailing here con cerning the hiipiovemeitt of the rapids of ihe Misisit-pi, cxteiidmg up the river some twelve miles Irom this plnci). Tin y nre n great barrier to the commerce ol Ihe Upper Missinoppi. None but the smuller class of boais Ciin pass over them, and even thoy havo difficulty hi pass. ing over in tow stages of wnter. For years tho people of (he West have been holding conventions and memo ri diing Congress, nskmg appropriations ftom tho (ten oral (iovernmeiit to remove ibis obstruction. But thus far they have asked in vain. There appears lo ben dillerenro of opinion here ns lo the best mode ol im proving these rapids, mid I nm inclined to think this dilleri'iico of opinion glows somewhat out of trljttk conside rnii'ins. The chictta of Koekuk nppenr to think that the only feasible plnn is that of cnnaling, while the Iturlingtoninns, nml oilier towns on ihe Up per Mississippi are in favor of blasting the rocks and ih ore by opening the natural chnnnel. Thero is said to be near thirty leet full front ihe head to ihe foot of the rapids; nnd the cnunl. should it 111 time bo constructed, will give Keokuk a water power such an few places have on this routineiit. A pinnk road extending fmm this place t.i 1'airfield, some fitly miles up the IV Moines river, will soon hi completed. This penctruU a Ihe heart of the richest valley in the west, ami must be of great ndvniitnge to the agricultural interests of southern lown, tts well an contribute innteitully to the business imporlaiico of Keokuk. A fine class of packets run daily, between this and St. Louis. 1 don't think 1 into extravagant language when I say, a hotter cluss of packets can not be found on the western waters. They nre about establishing also a lino of packets bntween ibis place and Rock Island rail-road, which, it is expected, will he speedily constructed. Mmigrntion to thin region of the west In very gient, and when ibis more imiuedinto valley of the Mississip pi becomes connected with the Atlantic cities by Hail-t'ond communication, it must become iho ihentre ol a very dense population. Therein overyihing here lo invite the buibnudtnaii and the man of business. I may write you ngnin at some other point in tho West. S. The jreut llailrntul riei--Itlade I.niul. This immense enterprise is rapidly going forward. Mote ihnu Ihree hundred feet of the pier have been already completed. Few have any conception id' the magnitude mid expense of the nudoilnking of wlii'-h this pier is a part. The pier nhme will be F.Mln feet long by 201) feel wide, and built in the most suh- niaiilial tnninier. The Pittsburgh track crosses the pier by a pile road nenr Hnih street, forly leet farther out ill the Lake. The proposed pier ol the Lake Shore road will meet the Columbus rnilrond pier. At the junction, a pnssengi-r depot 11 1)0 leet long and 100 wide Will lie bnill unoli the lormer pier, and a passenger depot 4011 leel long mill 200 fret wide, Upon the latter pier. I wo rows ol piers. Illicit liciwenn Willi stones, will driven from a point 0.10 feet from the shore upon Hinckley's pier, to a point at the same distance from ihe shore upon Ihe government pier Ihns entirely fencing out thn Like. The mill water will llieii be tilled Hp, and Hint unprofitable part of (he Lake become mnde mini. It Is snld that a venr ami n half will be needed to complete iho work. It will cost not lens (tuiil $200.- iiou. protmhiy more. I vventy-tive imnns are now en gaged 111 building Ihe pter they make good progn-aa, 1 he work is managed oy Mcm-ge Smllli, hq., contractor. H is a thoroughly eflieteut gentleman, and will keep things moving. Plain Dealer. The returns of the Pennsylvania election show that H iuI.br, tlie Democratic candidate, selected Governor by a majority or 8,311. The Increase of the vote ovar tho hut election in lfe)4Q is ty herein given nnd declared or shall aid, nbet, or as sist sticii person so owing service or labor an aforesaid, directly or indirecily, to escape from sm h cluimant, hia ngeut or attorney, or other person or persons legally authorized ns aforesaid; or ahull harbor or conceal such tiigilivDso as to prevent tho discovery and arrest of such person, after notice or knowledge of the fact that such person wns a fugitive from aervico or labor as nforennid, shall, for either of said oileiices, bo subject to a lino not exceeding one thousand dollars, nnd imprisonment not exceeding six months, by imliriinitit and conviction belore llio District Court id' the United States for tho district in which mch oll'ence may have been committed, or before the nrooer court of criminal jurisdiction, rf committed within any one of the organ ized territories of the United Slates; and shall moreover forfeit and pay, by way of civil damages lo the partv injuieil by Hitch illegal conduct, Ihe sum of one ihousaud dollars, for each fugitive so lost 111 aforesaid, to bo recovered by action of debt, in any of iho District or Territorial courts aforesaid, within whoso jurisdiction tho said offence may have been committed." The accusation is Ihnt tho defendants, in direct con-Iravelition of the act, did, on tho lirst of October inst, at tho cily of Syracuse, " aid, abet, or nssiwl," the fugi tive 10 caenpe irom 1 no custody ol fllr. Allen, the Oep-tuy Marshal, by uhom he had been apprehended. Tho dclendmils are not now on trial for the purpose 01 uuimaieiy dciermimni? whether t iev nre to he an . jected to punishment. This is but a 1 rebminarv in quiry to nsceriniu whether they ought to be hold to nan. or in di lailll ttiereoi to he commuted to prison lor the purpose ol securing llieir presence nt Ihe next stilted session of the District Court to answer further in the event of their being imliciul by a grand jury; ma it is r settled principle ol law that, for this purpose, pnma jane evidence or gmu ia nullicieid. At tlio close nl iho examination on tvitiirdny afternoon, although I then saw no ground for serious doubt concerning my duly in ihe premises with respect (oeillierof iho de-fendanls, I deemed it proper, nevertheless, to hold the eiitiofi under advisement until ibis uion.ing. A cnreful coiiaiilernlioii uf the evidence has cnnlirmed my original impresni f its entire Kntliriency to establish tin-guilt of eai h of iho defendants lor ihe purposes at b-nst of thin inquiry. Indeed, will) ihe eteepnon. nt lined. t MrpArit i'nrter, their cnlpahimy uppeina to ho placed beyond n reasonable doubt. Tim only witness against him ia Page S'eirtnn, nn intelligent and apparently honest nnd trustworthy man, of whoso evidence it can at most only be said that the cry which it imputes to I'orti-r, mny pojailly have heen uttered hy nootlier ; I white on the niher hand it appears very highly prnha-1 hie, from Porter's oiovious In n if u ace nnd cointucr. not 1 only that witness is not mistaken in this particular, but ! Dial I'nrter s iiiterlorenco wus not limited to n single cry designed lo urge on tho more active ussailants. The proceedings on the part both of the Commis sioners and o 1 tin Deputy Mur.dial, oppenr to have been entirely regular. Tho fuitivo was therefore lawfully restrained of bin liberty bv due inocess of law. and all inti r fere nre by third persons, by act or words. ior 100 purpose 01 lavoring ins escape, niut lending to that result, is n violation of Iho act rendering the offender untenable to its penalties. I ho interposition id' iho defendants nini of iheir numerous coadjutor who have not been identified, was direct, im inn bio and un- quivncnl; its motive, if not in every inalnneo openly uvowid, wan too ohvions to mliott ol doubt; it was adapted to the unlauliilentl in view, nnd terminated in lis accomplishment. My duty towiinls the defendants is therefore plain and imperative. They must sev erally no required to give hail lor tnoir appearance at the next term of the court to bo held ol HuH'ulo, on the second Tuesday of November, or, for want of nulliciont bail, ho committed to prison. It is unnecessary to say more, and under ordinary circumatniicon.it might be imjKTiiiieiit to do m: mid yet 1 would mm avail myseii ol the occasion, lurilier to diarotirngo, so far nn mv voice mav be notential for ibis our pose, ilu repetition, in this District, nt le ist, of ttie disgraceful scenes of lawless violence ni;d outrage lescrihed by the witnesses 111 these cases. They must have been tlie fruit either of gross delusion or of wanton contempt of law mid social order. For the purpose of effecting the liberation of a person Irom custody un der process issued and executed in coniormity with express and well known provisions of the Constitution and laws of the Uniied S'ates, a building in the midst of a mpulou cily was partially demolished, and deadly weapon were recklessly lined, lo tho imminent jeop. iirdy of human life, and to the grievous injury of several persons. The lenst reprehensible motive by which llio iiggresors can he supposed to have been animated, is the belief on their pint that slavery is unjust nnd im moral i nnd Unit ihe laws hy w hieii it is uphold, may lite re fore he rightfully resisted by lorce. It must be the hotH) of all cood men that tho lime may eventu ally come, when injuslirn nnd opprension in every form, including human aluvrry, if audi ho ils character, will be banished from the enrlh. Hut these wrongs exist, and are likely to endure, in other forms besides that of slavery 1 and il wo have nothing heller than lawless violence to rely Upon lor llieir removal, ttiey will nev er cense. Il is to advancing civilization alone thut we can look for their grndnal extinction. Wise men understand this, and shape their course accordingly, Hiirots and Fanatics are too blind to see it. or too im nalieut to heed it; and ill their bend-lone r.eul to re dress particular wrongs, real or fancied, regardless of nil oilier consequences, I hey commit otner wrongs moro aggravated and intolerable. Such is the grave error into which these defendants have fallen; regardless of their civil and social duties, they have broken the public peace; set tho law at open deliimce, and with deadly weapons assaulted nnd wounded tlnollicers while executing its mandates. In thus insulting Ihe mnjesly of the law, did they expect to escape its ven-'t ancoT If so, their folly wns coital- led only hy their criminality. What is the Law in this country, but thu declared will of tho majority, to which, when tlius expressed, all nre hound, hy a hindnmeuiai principle of the covernmeiit, to submit, and which all ns mminicrn are swum i" buihu,m, i ihh-ii unjiun that law are enacted contrary to the judgments, and sometimes to the moral sense of thousands ot our citi zens ; and this must utiavidably conliiilio to he the cane. Hul no sano man imagines that be is therefore absolved from the obligation lo obey tlielit ; still lesi that he has a rinht forcibly to prevent others from do ing so. II he cannot submit to them consistently with Ihe dictate of his conscience, he may si ek a residence in some other country, if ho cntt hnd one where ho thinks he would suffer less from misrule; but so long as he continues to tie an inhabitant of the United Stutea, he must submit to tho laws or pay the penally of bis disobedience. When this censes to he tine; when nny man may transgress a law with impunity because lie lislikes it. our uovernment will havo become a vain mockery, not worth preserving, for it will have cenned to nliord protection lo iho rights either 01 properly or life. The act in question han unhappily been fruitful nl bigotry and lauaiicism ; ntul il is due to enmtor mm truth lo add, that It seems to Imvo bewildered tho judgments nnd consciences of other besides ihe class ol cilixens to which Die deleiidanls belong. 1 nm hap py to be ignorant ot tho existence tn tins pnrt ol the Stnio of New York of any of those pcraous lew, I trust in numbers nnywhere to whom 1 allude. The manly spirit and love of fair play, prevalent here, are an rllecluul niilidola to the unhappy delusions niuier which these persons seem to labor. I doubt, also, whether they are to hn met with in the Slates Where slavery i tolerated for 1 have always understood that our Southern brethren, whatever may be their faults in other respects, are likewise iiisiiuguished tor the virtues 1 have mentioned. Judging from the language of these enthusiasts, more blind than amiable, on a recent ocension, one would be led to conclude thut they suppose it to be the bound en duly of those who are lehnroed with thenittciitinn of the fnuitiv alnvn act. na I oflea u their power in evoked fur the restoration of nnnlledged fugitive finm labor, to take care that he shall ut all events bo delivered to the claimant; and lo that end, to take care also, to to interrupt the law. at all events to insure tins result. It may not be amiss to remind these well meaning people that the law, in tho application of iti provisions, is no respecter of persons, and that judges are bound to administer it as thoy tind it, intelligently, tinnly and impartially Tlie day, 1 trust, is far distant wheu the rights vouch sufed bv law even to a fugitive slave, will be less se cure under tho guardianship of American Judge than itioaeoi 111s master. From the North American Review. Menus for the removal of Slavery. (1.) Human Instrumkntalitt. While wo shall not defend slavery, we ere equally far from thinking that all mentis, irrespective of their tendency or character, may be used lor it removal. Ab in the case of other social evils, we wish to see no remedies applied which are worse than ihe disease, but those only which will change a most imperfect social state for a belter one. We wish to see slavery abolished, but not by methods which will introduce in its stead worse evils than itself. Slavery is had, but there are many things worse. A savage anarchy is infinitely worso. It is worso for the hind to be under the rule of the appetite and passion of the ignorant, than under the despotic rule of the more intelligent. It is better that men should remain slaves, than bo converted hy the touch of freedom into idle aud sensual savage. We desire to see slavery removed, hul through those method of improvement alone, which, an it disappear, shall cause a fairer order of society to inko its place. 1 no mornl sensoot the world demand nt the Sou Mi, not that it shall abolish slavery inn da or a year, but that it ahnll show, by some decided action. Ihat uii in- stihitifiii which, it confesses, keep the slave in a low, debased, and inferior slate, it does not intend, becaubc of its profitableness, nor lor nny reason but tlie direct necessity, to ho a permanent one. Were the Southern States, with a prospective view to emancipation, to adopt some ellecMvo plan by which to educate ihe black for the duties of freedom wore they thus, in some proper method nnd by intention, preparing them for its ullimnle enjoyment though the process of train ing tho slave lor freedom were ns long as Hint which has accustomed him to the habits of bondage it would ho felt ihat I hey were meeting, as can be done in no other way, the responsibilities of their position. Anil in speaking of the wrong lo which the slave is aubjecled, and of the duty of the slaveholder, we do not think it necessary to take on us any airs of mora indignation, nor to nssumo the a'titudeof Immilists. Kvery word we have written in assented to as hearlily, nnd, except among tho immediate disciple of Mr. Calhoun, almost nn generally, at the South as ut the North. 1 lie number ol slave State in which nearly successful I'tlbrtn have been made to abolish slavery, iho multi tude of slaveholders every where met with, to whom slavery is a source of perpetual grief aud anxiety, and the kind oi interest which has been taken in colotilza-linn, and the efforts to improve the lot of ihe black in shivery, even where no menus are used to deliver him irom it, nliow tho existence ol the same mornl sensihil- ity 1 n thin subject nt the South, which exists throughout the more enlightened parts of Christendom. That slavery ought to be regarded ns a temporary institution merely, and an one which every wise and good man should, according lo his ability, labor to remove ns far and an fast ns is consistent with nny real improvement in the condition of society, is a proposi tion which will he equally assented to by tho South atul tho North; while few, north or south, would go beyond this 111 their statement of the duly to promote emancipation. Hut 11 slavery is ever lo uo abolished, the question, Hy whom must the work bo done T be comes one of grent moment, not only for those who are immediately responsible, that ihey may justly nppre-cinto iheir position, but for those also who, properly speaking, nre not responsible, that they may hot em- bfirrnsn the action of those upon whom the burden of thin great enterprise must full. It is a question which should ho fairly answered, in order that between dif-erent pnrtn of the country I hero may he harmony, and concert, nnd mutiinl tolerance, nnd a friendly willing-ii' ss to give aud receive aid. No good object is ad vanced ny assuming a reapoiisihiiny heyond our province. Even in promoting the best ends, we must respect each other' moral freedom, mid social nnd civil rights. On whom, then, o far nn nny direct action is concerned, nre we chiefly to rely for the removal of slnve-rv T For reasons to which we have nlrcndy adverted, wo cannot look to the people of the freo States. They nre shut out from all authority over the subject. They have no more right or opporinnity to vote in the lepis-lature of Alabama, than 111 Ihe Parliament of ling land ; and iho slave Inws of the Sooth nre as fur beyond their .iiiTrf, ns tlir Wnf:H-!t coin taws. If this he true, it is a truth which should he billy recognized ; for any action founded upon u rotttrnry supposition can result in nothing but miichicf. But to whom then can we look? 1 Wn answer, to that largo class ol mett at the South, not snlVicietitly retnirdcd in our nnti-slavery movements, who desire to see slavery give place lo Ireo institutions. If shivery is overdone uwuy by human means, miles I il be through revolution, tuaiirrreiiun, nod civil wur, it must be bv southern men ; and Ihe only persons who I have nny direct influence for good over thin mailer, and who can be expected voluntarily to exert that iiillu-cure nre the southern friends ol emancipation. Any northern method of agitating tho question nf slavery, which overlooks tins jMunt, must he lalnlly erroneous. Wo fear that it hns been overlooked, and already with very tiiisrhievous results. We have never heard any man, acquainted with the South, doubt that the feeling in regard 10 the abolition of slavery hns, within the last lew years, undergone a very great chan go. Whatever important ends slavery agitation nt tlie North may have accomplished, it ha paralyzed nnd struck dumb the southern friends of freedom. Fifteen or twenty year ago. large numbers, in all parts of the South, for differ- out reasons and in d liferent degrees, looked with dis like on slavery, nnd Willi tavor on whatever tended towards it rcmovnl. In Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky, the emancipation party wns a large and powerful one. Now It is annihilated. Multitude are alto gether repelled from it, while others, shrinking from a false position, recoiling from nny seeming Ireachery to their iriends mid neiglihors, and lenring to be identified wiih northern abolitionists, are silenced. We attribute thin state of thincs in part In the influence of .Mr. Calhouu, aud in part to the increased value of slave property; but that state of feeling which hn made the calm aud tnir discussion ot the Hiihieciaii uut impossible, we attribute mainly to the manner in which it ban been treated nt Ihe North. The emancipation nnrlv in tho slave Slates bun been lmlsied by the action of abolitionism, more entirely even, than the Coloniza tion society in Ihe tree Mutes. A metlMHl 01 agitation whose main result has been to destroy that party which alone had it in its power to do any thing cltec lively for the abolition ol slavery, seems to us a monrniui one. To have merely secured thu discussion ot tho subject, without reference to the reasonableness or wisdom of such discussion, in northern legislature or pulpits, or in tho halls of Congress, is but a slight compensation lor this disastrous evil ; nnd to call the insisting on this destructive speech, a vindication of the freedom of speech, implies a tnolancholv confusion of ideas, Hut if we are to wait for the growth of nn emanci- pntion parly at tho South, it is said, we may wait a century belore it 1 Inrge enough to accomplish any tiling. 1 III may no so, or nm. ir noes not, nowever, United Slates Circuit Court, Grako Jury Room, Columbus, Oct. 23, '51. Judoe McLean: The undersigned members of the Grand Jury, would express to you the great pleasure tney experienced in listening to yonr eloquent, uigiu-fied, and truly American charge to them this morning, and solicit a copy of the same for publication. Your compliance will oblige Yours, respectfully, Robt. Nxil, P. H. Olmsted, Amoi 8. Kamskt, Wm. Domiuan, Isaac Morton, JohnKlapp, A. Stone, C. A u mock, Ml LIS PlNNKT, A. W. DoLSOIt, Dan'l Wrioht, P. L. Howlett, Daniel Smith, W. Armstrong. Charles Stanbert, CoLOMims, October 27, 1851. Gentlemen of the Grand Jury : My char He to vou wa delivered extempore, but I have endeavoured, in writing it out at your request, to embody, as far a my memory enabled me, the idea communicated and the word used. With the greatest respect and esteem, I am your obedient servant. JOHN McLEAN. OHIO. J Circuit Court United State October Term, 1831 Chargi or Judge McLean to the Grand Jurt. After presenting to the jury certain violation of the laws of Congress, which ordinarily come under the consideration of the Grand Jury, be remarked : A sense of duty require me to call your special anil seri ous attention 10 an act or u on gross 01 the !uiu ol April, 1818, which is entitled "an act for ihe punishmeutof certain crime." The 1st section of that act provides. " That If nnv citizen of the United Stale shall, within the territory or jurisdiction thereof, accept end exercise a commis sion to serve a loreign prince, state, colony, district, or peoplo, in war, by land or by sea, against any prince, state, colony, district or people, with whom the United Stales are at peace, the person so offending shall be deemed guiliy of a high misdemeanor, and on convic tion man no nned not more than two thousand dollar and imprisoned not exceeding three years." The 2d section declares, " That il any terson shall, within the territory or jurisdidion of the United States, enlist or enter himself; or hire, or retain another per son to enlist or enter himself, or go beyond the limit or .jurisdiction of the United Stoles, with intent to be enlisted or entered in tho service of nny foreign prince, state, colony, district, or people, as a aoldicr, &c., shall he deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, nnd shall he fined not exceeding one thousand dollars and imprisoned not exceeding three years." BKc i). " i hat 11 nny person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United Slates, beeiil or set on foot, or provide or prepare the menus for, any mili tary expedition or enterprise, to he carried on Irom thence egainst the territory or dominion of acy foreign princo or Slate, or of any colony, district or jieople with whom the United Stale are at peace, every person to offending ahnll be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be lined not exceeding three 1I1011. sand dollars, and imprisoned not more than three year," To this seclion your attention is specially solicited. Yott will observe that ihe enumerated net which cou-stitnto the offence, are all in Ihe disjunctive. To "he-gin" the militnry expediiion spoken of, is an ofFence within the statute. To begin il, is, to do the first act, whirh may lend to the enterprise. Tho offence is consummated hy any overt act which shall be a commencement of tho expediiion, though it should not be prosecuted. Or il an individual shall "set the expedi-d it ion on fool," which is scarcely distinguishable from beginning it. To set it on foot may imply mnie progress heyond Ihnt of beginning it. Any combination of individuals to carry 011 the oxpedidou i "setting it on foot." atid Ihe contribution of money or anything else which ahull induce inch combination, may be said tn he a beginning of the enterprise. To " provide the means inr such an enterprise, is within the statute. To constitute this offence, the individual need not en gage personally in the expedition. If be furnish the munitions o( war, provisions, transportation, clothing, or any other necessaries, to men engaged in tho expedition, he is guilty, for he provide ihe means to carry on the expedition. It must be against a nutioii or h.mi- pie. with whom we are at pence. in passing the above law, Congress has performed a high nniional duly. A nation, by Ihe law of nations, considered a moral being ; aud the principle which 1 notes moral restraints on the conduct of an individ ual, applies with greater force lolb tioii of m mm linn. "Justice," says Vatlel, " is ihe basis nl society, the sure bond of all commerce. Human society, far Irom being intercourse of assistance and good ollices, would be longer any thing Imt a vast sceno of robbery, if there were no respect to thin virtue, which secures to every one his own." " It is still more necessary between nations thnn between individuals; hecauso injustice produces moro dreadful consequences in the quarrels of these powerful bodies politic, and it is still more dillicult to otain redress. Tin so remarks aro made and the law cited, in refer- nce to the lute military expedition nsainst the inland of Cuba. That expedition was organized iii ibis country, and was composed, principally, of our own citizens. It object wn to subvert the government oi Cuba a part of ihe Stianish dominion. With ihe gov ernment of Spain, we have a treaty of peace and amity. toreigner was ai me head 01 ine expedition. alter ihe tuct, ihat it is the only human agency, except it be through violence, to which wo can look for the removal of slavery. We have in this case, as in so many others, to trust for the good which we desire, to the slow development of cnuae over which we have hut little control. It i certain that our impatience will do little to hasten the social prog res of Slates in the management ol whose internal nil airs wo have no voice ; while our utiinvokcd interference will only crq- e the action of those who nlone have the disposition and power to promo to tlie wo 1 1 nre ot the iilncks. Not Indicted lor Treason. The National aWirfflff contains the following des patch from Philadelphia, lit relation to tho bills of lie dicttnent found hy the Grand Jury against the persons concerned in tho Christiana riot. It will bo seen that there are no hills for Treason against nny of thoin, The charge are simply for violating tho law in resist- ing officers, A-c, So, tin part of the outcry against thu officer of government i nipped in the bud t riiir.APET.riiiA, October 24. In the United State pisirict Court to-day the Grand Jury returned thirty-seven true bills against tlie Chris- tiHiin prisoners, ineae puis charge mem nrst with oh sti udinir the ollicers in arresting the fugitive t second ly, wiih rescuing the fugitives; thirdly, wiih nttompt ing to rescue the fugitives; fourthly, wiih nidina the luuihves to eM-npn iiniiiy, wnu hnrhnriue nnd con' ei -nling ihe fugitives; ixi lily, with obstructing Kdwnid (toraiich in arresting the fugitive; and, lastly, with uidiug ihe nigiuvc 10 escape irom nuwaru linmuch. Hon. Cai.fr II. Smith, of Cincinnati, nnd Jamfi Dk Luno, Ksq., of Washington, Guernsey county, Ohio, were admitted as Attorney at Law and Solicitor Chancery of tho United State Circuit and District Courts, now in session 111 tin city, on Saturday last, Judge IfleLeuu's Charge We received a copy of this excellent charge to the Grand Jury too late yesterday afternoon for Ihi mom ing's paper. H will be in our next, and we bespeak for it tl:e candid and serious attention of every citixeu in Ohio, ryTho Diplomatic correspondence between Aua- tria nnd Turkey, concerning the liberation of Kossuth , has been received and will be given to our render to- morrow, Austria threaten hard, but the Sultan did his duty and has the sympathy ami good will of all lib- nd minded men everywhere. A strnnim thing to sympathise with a Turkish aiul condeinu a Christian Monarch I The Maryland Unumut nominates the Hon, James fending peoplo. A people who were content with Iheir government, and not desirous of a change. Neither in the landing of the invading army, nor in its pro gress through the country, was there found a traitor to the Cuban government. This in a most extraoruinar fact. It could scarcely be realized by the invasion of any other country under similar circumstances. The liberating army fuund no one willing lo be liberated. They were everywhere received and treated as enemies. -It is not known that any cruelties were perpetrated by tbe invaders -on individual. It is believed there were none. Hut their way was marked with blood blond shed in skirmishes and in more general engagement. There never was an invasion among civilized nation, more atrocious and less excusable. Let n suppose a similar invasion of our own country. And here it may be premised that if complaint against our government and a determination lo over throw it. 111 a certain quarter, aitord any excuse lor the combination of a foreign force against us, a strong ense could be made out. But supjtose an armed fores, acknowledging allegiance to no government or people, should invade any part of our country with an avowed intention of overturning the government, how peedi!y would it meet destruction. Such an indignity and out rage would cause tbe blood to thrill through ihe vein of every American. Gentlemen, our government must be just to our selves and jut to other nations. A government is responsible for the acts of its citizens. Not, it is true, in theftrst instance, where they commit depredations upon a friend Iv nation. Hut if such citizens nre not punished or given up to the injured government tor punishment, the nation to whom they owe allegiance necome a par ty to Ihe wrong. This is an acknowledged principle in tho biw of nations. But ihe duty we owe to ourselves is of the highest obligation. No free government can besustained, which does not enforce its law. A deep and nn abidine respect for the Inw. has here tofore been the glory of our country. In that, consists our strength. Those who aro unacquuinted with the principles ot our government, seem naturally to conclude it is wanting in energy and power. Hut they do not comprehend the secret of its strength. The majesty of the law pervades every part of the nation, and operate unseen; but it ctVecla aro visible. It has, heretofore, reqnireiisno military display of men at arms to carry it into effect. Hut I um concerned lo say that our late history, iu this respect, will not compare with the past. There in, I fear, a growing indifference, to the laws. When Aaron Burr was inspected of being eugnged in nn enterprise against the adjacent provinces of Spain, connected, a was apprehended, wiih a dissolution of the Union, the country wns greatly excited, and he was pursued, arrested and indicted for treason. uoea ine same deep feeling lor the union ami 11s law now pervade our country ? If it shall nppear from the evidence ihnt shall he giv-en, that any ut our citizens hive violated tho ubove law, it will be your duty to indict them. Law that remain upon our statute book should booperaiive, or they should he repealed. The national standard is lowered, and licentiousness is increased, by a failure to onlbrce tho penalties of Ihe law. Our institutions cn'n he sustained only on a moral basis. This i wanting in France, and they cHiinot maintain n free government. They may have ihelorin, hut the nubatfltire will be wanting. At this moment the Hepnblic of France, as it is culled, is restrained and governed hy physical power. And if our Government, iu our external and internal n flairs, shall be so mnnaged ns to destroy it mornl basis, we may as well attempt to build a structure iu the air, nn to sustain it. 1 fear this ereat fact mav not be nronerlv appreciated. On it depends, not only the prosperity of our free institutions, but their existence. Diplomatic Correspondence In regard to the release or the lluiignrlnus. The followinir ii the diplomatic correspondence be tween Ihe Austrian internuncio at Constantinople nnd the Turkish ministry, 011 ihe subject of Kossuth' libe ration: AUSTRIA TO TinKRY, Tho undersigned, representative uf Austria at the rone, nas already communicated 10 yeu tut) column-sinus transmitted through him from the Imperial Cabinet lo the Grand Vizier and Minister of Foreign Af fairs, relative lo ihn continuation of the detention of Kossuth and his most daiiqerou companion tn Kuia- hin. The minister may have seen from lite contents Ho seems tn have been a credulous and weak man. He was inqetU(us, but was wanting in sagacity and judgment. Hia tnelnnchnty fate mny excite our sympathy, but his memory is loaded with the execration ol thou- and. He was instrumental in corrunlinc the minds. and withdrawing from their allegiance, many of our youm ; wno nave paid the penalty ot their temerity and ret-Rieiiness. llieir conduct admit nt no oilier mitigation than that they were misled by falsehood. They were induced to believe that a considerable portion uf the people ot Cuba were in arm, Willi the determine- tu n tn overthrow their government. Those who were in si ru mental 111 creating ltd delusion, have an awtul account tn render to their country and their God. I lie invading force, instead ot meet 11 ic Iriends. met ..iMP..M.,i r..uv, or..,. ik.-:. 1 - Ate- y nop (lie invader were opposed, aud 11 is not known that a single Cuban joined ihe enemy. As might havo been anticipated, tho career oi iho jmajJors ws short and extremely disastrous, ?!ietr sufferings were almost without a parallel ; and, wnu two or three exception, those of them who were nut taken prison ers and executed, were sentenced lo an iguoniiuiuus imprisonment in Spain, J hi second expedition terminated more disastrous ly than the tint one. That was titled out by the same leader, and the force was also raised and organized in our country, in defiance uf it lnw. The leader and men were alike suiltT in each, but as in the first exne dition but few were killed, it created leas sensation iu tho country than tbe late one. These unlawful enter prises have cast a shade upon our national character, ' .1. - ... -f L it: I 1.1 TU 111 ine opinion oi mo civiuzeu worm. 1 nrv uujubuj, more or less, connect our government with the outrage, aud they ascribe it to a lust for power and national ug grnndisemont. lnecuiei executive, oy proclamation, from lime to time, warned Ihe country of the unlaw- ful ueu of ihe enterprise, and of the punishment lo which, those euuneed iu it would ne ex tuned . llio execuiivo and ministerial etticers of the government were admonished to be oa the alert, tn check and de al the nefarious design. And a part of Die navy was harced with tho same service. Hut these effort were ineffectual ; in their madness and folly, those who were embodied, trampled upon the law of their coun try, and rushed ujion their own destruction. To sup pose that they could, under itch circumstance, nav been impelled by any histiliablo motive in their own views, i to suppose them to have been laboring under most extraordinary menial aberration. The duty of uiviiis effect to the law devolves upon the judiciary, and you, acntlemon, tor Hie lime being. constitute an important pnrt of ihat branch of the gov ernment And now that the excitement growing out of ihe late expedition has subsided, and its fatal results aro fully known, il becomes us, from the positions wo occupy, to take a calm, a considetate and legal view 01 the circumstances which led to it, and ot the ecu 01 our own citizen, lu tin respect your inquiries will no limited to the district ul tin 10. Our own lustnrv mav show in what bslit our Govern ment has considered those opposed to u who plated uiemseivpi ueyomi 1110 until 01 civiiim-u Gen. Jackson, while emrnned in the suhiuuntion of sav ages in the South, captured two white persons who were handed witn idem, and in a ureal niensurr, con trolled their depredations. Arbutlmot nnd Amhriater were lirltish ubjecls, but Having been inken 111 nn" fighting on the aide or tbe Indian, against our unities and wiihin our territory, were summarily tried nnd summarily executed and the Commanding General was sustained by In Government, ureal nrmun wna too well acquainted with the laws of nations, and with the justice ol the punishment, 10 maxe 11 a auojeumi serious remonstrance. , , . finmimro the net of these unforlunato men wtin the invader of Cuba. Arbuthnot and Amhriater united themaelve with the weaker party, and look part in the war. They were associated wiin savages, uui savage who, to some extent, were allowed to puses Ihe attributes nf a nntion. Treaties were made with them, and they hnd always exercised iho right of carrying on war against the whites, Thee men identitied them solve with Ihi people in ihe war. and in doing so, did not, it it believed, violate any express law of their own country. They incurred tho hazards ol uch a war, were taken, and justly condemned. Oiirciliiena, in the invasion of Cuba, put at equal b-lianee ihn law of their country and the law of na tions. Thoy were covered by no flag t protected by no nubile oiiiniim: voverned tT no general law. Ihey placed them solve beyond tho pale of ctvilixntion, and in doing in been mo pirates aim outlaws. They inva ded a nntion who were protected from outrage and in- biatien bv tbe solemn Buarantv ol a treaty a treaty in whicn our national uonor wm uorpiy cuin.-iu'-u. n miinn noohl h Iniund hv a more solemu or higher ob ligation Uian our Uovernment is ooutui 10 murnaiu mo of thn communication exchanged on this subject, what great importance the Imperial Court allaches to this matter, and that the Impel ial Cabinet considers itnell entitled In suppose that the detention can only ceuse aner inejoini concurrence ni ooin power luni nave been obtained. Both his Excellency, Ueschid Pacha, and his Excellency, Ali Pachn, have assured ihe under signed that the contents ol his communication woioil meet wiih 1 ua allMiiiiin fmm fee ministerial council, 1 nnd ihat the result would lie mndo known to him soon ns it hnd received ihe sauctiun of Ihe Sultan. How grent, therefore, must have been his surprise. when he learnt from certain sources that the minister bad given the chief of a certain embassy the nsnurnoce that Kossuth and hi dangerous companion would be net Iree in the middle uf September, and that in consequence of this assurance the above mentioned diplomatists had made certain arnitigeinenls in view of the journey the Hungarian prisoners were to make. These iietails have not been denied hy Ins hxcelieucy, AH nchn, and tlie undersigned finds himself under the necessity to renew more vigorously his exertions in op der lo turn the Porte Irom a determination which it has 'doubtless taken without mature deliberation, aud which it will, ihn undersigned hopes, abandon, when it considers all the consequence that may ensue fmm the liberation contemplated. Before proceeding further, however, it will be necessary lo call the attention nf iho Turkish minister to certain facts which should be noticed iu order to a clear view of the matter in and. Tbe undersigned doe not intend to detail the circumstances which led to and caused the flight of the chief of ihe Hungarian rebellion, alihoiiL'h such de tails would give him an opportuniiy ot ottering numerous points in reference to tho demand of the Austrian government, which tho Porte ought instantly to grsut. At the sntne time ho considers it superfluous to ruler to the meaning aud word of iho treaties in force between the two powers, 111 virlue ot which rebel and crtmi lints who nre Austrian subjeci. and fly to Turkey, anoniu 1101 ne iiiirourru. 111 nccnninuce wnu toe----wish of the Sultan iU- -t"V 'aud'.ued .tii in denial id the exlrndihou of the fugitive, al- ihougli the meaniniz nf the troutie clearly gave him the necessary power in the case. But it i for this that the Austrian Cabinet must, with so much the more in stance, dwell on the following clauses nt tho treaty of Belgrade, which (clause IS) pays: "Mien such reb el Hy into the Turkish States with the intention of concealing ihemieive mere, ine 1 one is 10 seek mem out and cause them to he punished and also when the snid rebel nnd criminal shall show themselves reitent- ant, and promise better behavior, the Porte i not to believe them, and confine them in a place dislaut fro tbe finnticr." Nothing can bo clearer or morn distinct than this clause. Yet not only did the imperial court abandon its rights continued in tho declarations of the treaty, but showed itself inclined to come to an arrangement with thu Divan relative to ihn confinement ntem rung) of the fugitives. What did the Porte to further so iriemiiv a disposition 1 one pertinaciously nx'.ti limit of a twelve month, and forced the imperial court to consider a of none Hoc t the negociatlnu relative to a limitaiioii of the periml of imprisonment, and to Inko lis stand Unn me terms oi existing treaties, nameiy, those which had previously been concluded by the two stntrs under the hand of his Majesty the Sultan and his Ma city the Kmperor, on the SO Schewal, 1J (;', (Sept. 17, 1H4!',) ami those wnu u were made neiween ine Minister of Foreign Affair and the Turkish envoy accredited for ihat purpose in Vienna, with tho proviso that tn rase ol need, tne cinusc ol these ireauei wouiu be enforced with all rigor. T in ast proviso i made known more spec a Iv in dispntch of IVitice Swnrtzeulwrg, dated March lil, 18.'i0, which Count Stunner, ilien internuncio, commii- uicuted to hi excellency All Pnrhi What, indeed doe the note of the Porte itself, dated the 2:ld of Gemasil Evvel (Iho 6th of April, IKMl), sny which serve ns an nppetidix to the above-mentioned sets t Why, that (lie l'orte, in order to strengthen the cause of order in Hungary, exprcMes its readiness to come to a friendly understanding with the imperini court before it set the captive iu question free, and that Ihe imperial govertimeutslioiilil therelore express lis view in Hie mailer, aud communicate 11a determination. It is clear llieii, that according to the declaration (be Sultan and ol his ministers, the meaning of theso words cannot be understood by the imperial cabinet, or any impartial patties, in any other way thnn that the conhiiemeiil (tHtermrunft) snoiiid cease oniy on nn joint determination ot the two powers. Ihe untie signed nn on Several occasion mm uie oooor 10 m-i thu Turkish minister un this subject declare thai their soul ihey had no doubts on this point; and hi highness Ueschid Pacini assured him at ihu commencement ul lust summer, that the l'orte did not intend Ii; set the prisoner of Kulithia free without the consent of thn iioiierisl cabinet. And now what happens f The Austrian mint de clares that order in Hunanrv lias not vet reached tli state when It becomes possible to let Kossuth loose without danger to the pence ol it 10 Kingdom. 1 ne im perial Court consider itself ahme competent tnjndgi of the luteninl slate of ils provinces; but il assures ihnt, n soon ns the moment arrive, it will hasten in inform the Porte, nnd it will then make un opposition to the cessation of the imprisonment of the Hungarians. In tlie menu time, ihe Hun lime l'orte, under nil manner of pretexts, and tnking up its position on an inter-pretalion of tho agreement which has not been assented to hy ihe imperial cabinet, resolves no longer to take account ol eiiunuemciits which it entered inlo iu ihe most solemn manner, nor hold ine righteous and well-nroutiiled ohiectlons mnde by its proposed course II persists 111 IIS lniennon 10 am ni inn-ny noasuui mm hia danucmiiB companions, at the very moment when his imperial Majesty ha sought to give lo his Sove- reioti neii'lihor new iimoia 01 in aim 10 iiiniiimm good understanding with him, In the nomination of Count Hecbbclg to ine poiioi coargeu anairv uiuoii-taniiimple.On all these crounds, and in consideration Ihnt Ihe Sublime Porte tins proceeded so far ns to commence I pelled to protest ngninst ihe liberation of Kussutb and itiO oilier detenu 01 ine aforementioned cny. lue undersigned repeats bis declaration which he took oc casion to make 011 the 17th of February of this year, namely, that Iho departure of any of ihe detained persons from Kulahin without the previously obtuiued ac quiescence of the imperial Austrian government will be regarded as a breacii oi the agreement couciuued between Austria and Turkey upon ihe subject of their detention, a an event which must draw after it the lesiruction of that good understanding which has hith erto existed between the two governments. It is impossible that tbe Sublime Porte can shut its eyes to the fact that by such a misapprehension uf its duties (a well of the dictate of a wise policy) such a flu g rati t repudiation of its own aiaurauce, iuch complete obliviousness of all the proof's of real friendship evinced by ihe imperial government, which till the nu lla is ol its history, the most pamlul necessities win be imposed on this court, arising out of it doubt of ihe sincerity uf the intentions of Ihe Sublime l'orte, while finally such a proceeding a that now complained of, win completely jimmy Austria in presence 01 impending ing questions, tu consider nothing but her own interest in tier relation with the Turkish empire. 1 lie undersigned has the honor, &c, Bujukdere, July SO, 1851. Edward Klezi, The following is the reply of the Turkish Miuister of Foreign Affaires: TURKEY TO AUSTRIA. His majesty, the Sultan, has taken cognizance of the various verbal communications, and of thooflieial note of July t!0th, of the present year, iu which your Excellency, the Charge d'Atlaires, has nidified my that the resolve of tho Sublime Porte to set nt liberty the Magyar fugitive now at Kutahia, at the beginning of Sep tember, nas not Uie acquiescence ol 11 m imperial Ma jesty. The friendship which ha existed lor centuries between tlie Sublime Porte and the Austrian Court, tu maintain which is, even upon the ground of territorial proximity, bo much the interest of both States Ihe friendship upt;u which the Sublime Porte basal ways set 1 lie highest value, it han always sought to preserve, hy averting every occurrence that could cause ils inter ruption. 1 um not uuie lo express Willi anllu-lelil lorce how greatly iho Government of the Sultan regret the ditlerence of opinion which has lately divided the two cabinet on the subjects discussed iu your last note. The Sublime Porte entertains the hopo that the cabinet of Vienna will finally acknowledge the frankness and honesty which has uniformly characterized it proceedings in this matter, and will put away all those prejudicial suspicion which, from the terms uf Ihe commu nication ul July 20, it would seem tho imperial cabinet was ihen inclined to entertain. For, iu fact, it is not until all engagement taken by the Sultan's cabinet have been punctually fulfilled, nnd nfter taking most anxious measures lor carrying out the sale guurdiau-ship of thu fugitives, that the sublime Porte hn deter mined to remove them Irom its territories, considering their detention no longer necessary. We find it hard to believe that any one can with fairness characterize ibis resolution as a breach of llio engagements entered into with respect to the refugees, lour Excellency hn taken occasion, in ihe note of July ihe 2!nh, to allude to ancient treuiies and also to the written asstir-runce given hy the Sultnu to his Majesty, the Emperor. on this subject. But it is lupeitbious at this time of day to reler back tu those oid treaties, since the moat explicit declarations havo been long ago made to the Imperial Court as to the limits within which these en gagements were and were not 10 find iheir application. A lo Ihe letter of the Sultan to the Emperor, it con lain no more than the assurmice that the refugee should be so guarded that ft should not be in their power to di- iuio ine tranquility oi ms ninjesiy dominion. The note addressed by the Turkish cabinet tn the Austrian internuncio, April 0, 18.10, to which your Excellency finally appeal, and which contain in the must express term the promise of the Sublime Porte, slate that, "nfierthe restoration of older in Hungary, the Porte, before setting ihe Magyar refugee at liberty, will inform the Austrian government of its intention, mid endeavor to procure im sanction for the act." Now, tranquility hn long been re-established in Hungary; and, if there are mme few still occupied with project of disorder, yet they are not, by the express admission of the internuncio, in a situation to excite an insurrection. Besides, one might wait in vain for ihe time when no person in Hungary could reasonably he suspected of evil project, since iu all time and countries there exist such. But although the Sublime l'orte has for a long time thought that it might liberate tho refugee without injury 10 any, yet it has not refused, upon representations made to it, to protract somewhat ihe period nl llieir detention, a proof of the neighborly feelings it cherished towards Austria. This alone uid lliebulilimo I'orle undertake 111 Un engagement with Aumlr'mtu walch over the refugees In it own Stntes, so long as any rc-kindling of insurrection wouiu ne lea red irom (Hem. Hut 11, on the one liund, a friendly feeling let! it to undertake and fulfill that onerous tusk, the Sublime Porte expect, on the other hand , that, in consideration of such self abnegation, the An, trian government will not claim indelintlely to prolong mi unpleasant state of things, from which nothing but embarrassment nnd misunderstandings are tn be an- prelietiited. II thus, at length, the Butt! line rorte hn felt itself compelled to liberate tins HetenuM at tbe beginning of September, it whs not wiibout the complete conviction that, looking nt tho subjected sinte of Hun gary, no necessity tor their further detention exists, nnd that the Porta bus fulfilled its utmost duty, of which conviction the Imperial court wo informed without de lay, and it acquiescence 111 the same solicited. Coming to ils engagements, the Government of bis Majesty ihe Sultan does not surrender tlie hope ihat, niter a candid reconsideration of the fads, and a just appreciation of what must obviously be the desire of the Sublime l'orte, to put an end to a situation fraught with dilliculiies and dangers, the Imperial cabinet will at- tHiu to ihe conviction thut the Sultan cannot depart truin the resolution he bus takeu. 1 have the honor, Ac, ALI PACHA. Constantinople, August l(i. To this note the Auairiun internuncio forwarded tbe Mowing reply: " With the deepest regret has thu undersigned. Charir d'Atlaires uf hi Majesty Iho Emperor of Austria, at ihe high Ottoman Forte, leuru r u' Mtijcsi' --i'hiMcr ot roreign A flairs, that tile government 01 um 1 one hmii in ua reaoiuimu to set at liberty, nn the 1st of September, Kossuth and the other refugees nt Kutahia, without considering ihe validity ot the weighty reasons urged oy me government of hislmpeiinl Majesty in favor of a prolongation 01 ineir counnemein. 1 no umieraiguru must repeat the protestations roiitnined iu his note ol ihe 29ib of July, Addressed 10 Ali Pacha, and at the snme time hold the Sublime Porte answerable to the Austrian govern-ineulforall the consequences of the liberation of the said refugees without Ihe concurrence ul the Imperial Court. I havo the honor. Ac EDWARD KLEZI. Dujukdere, Aug. 18, 18,11." Frem the Albany Dutchman.) Crumbs for nil kinds of Chickens. ob In say that beauties generally die old maids. I hey set such a va'tie un themselves, ihnt they don't Hud a purchaser until the maiket is closed. Out of a dozen beauties who have come out within ihe pateigh teen years, eleven, be says, still occupy single beds. They spend iheir days iu working green dogs 011 yellow wool while llieir evening uro devoted tu low spirits and Tuper's Philosophy, To Srurr a Goose. Catch a Cockney and till hint to the chin wiih Munchausen stnrie about the Far West nnd slave Slates makinu him believe that all ihe Courts held iu Arkansas are held in bar rooms while the Southern Stales are so cruel to the " wool growers," Ihat whenever a ' nigger " gols too old fur work, they make him into soup to lecd the juveniles on. Do this, and when the goose returns to England, he will be in-slniilly caught by " one of the large publication house," and served up lo the public with plates, and that pecu liar Rind 01 aaiice mown as Joiin nun. From mine cause or other, wedding nre very bd for iho eyes. The moment the knot is lied, the brides maid and two mints ami a mother rush into ihe hnll 1-riMJin, and have " u good cry for hour together. Whv a poor devil' promise to pay " a young woman' hourd hill" should uperutn thu on the "finer feeling of nature," puz.les ua to divine. There was a snmple of lace at the World's Fair, so fine that it appeared like mist. We should 'ut wonder if It wn, the lirst lime a pickpocket got near it. AnMiRAnt.E With Boston critics, nnylhina publish ed in Massachusetts, Shockitig Anything published anywhere else. noor or Ihsanitt. One of our court decided the other day, that a man was Insane, because he paid money to a lawyer wiiuoui inamg a receipt,' Girls who "ain't" handsome, hide thoso who are while those who are handsome bate 0110 another. Which class has ihe best lime of it T A late philosopher says that if anything will make a woman swear, it is looking lor her night-cap alter the lamp's blown out. To rtiRK thk Itch Swallow a cat tail foremost. Statisticians inf. tip us ihata woman's chance of getting married last its maximum between the age of twenty and Iwenly-tive. Alier thirty, her chance a noglit have heen supposed, dwiudM away lo tent; hence the grent length ol time thai most ladie take m arriving at that age. The packing of pork has commenced In Cincinnati, aud a large uuuiber of bogs are slaughtered daily. A nuiuber of ileamboat oaptuin, sojourning in Cincinnati, have entered into a solemn compact to abstain from the use of intoxicating liquor. The LrtrhiV !Prn7 for November has been received by TiiKNRiiitK and is for sale at bis Depot. Call, belore Iliey are nit gone. Burglaries nre very frequent now in Cincinnati. The police mistrust the presence uf a lurgeuumber ul Eastern rogues iu the city. The Kentucky Legislature meet in a few dnys, and one of their lint acts will be to elect a United Stales Senator. Hit first class ocenn steamers left the port of New York last Saturday afternoon. Two of them Wera for

If I I I I I II I lil fftWA III VOLUME XLII. COLUMBCJS, OHIO, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1851. NUMBER 10. PUH1.18IIKU EVKRY TUKHDAV MOKNINO BV HCOTT t llANtUMI. 1 F PI C H JOURNAL BUILDINGS, HIGH AND MAUL STllKKTS. COUNTING ROOM ON PEARL, BTJIKET. THRIIIH Invariably In mlvnnre. Week iy inr annum In Columbus Out ul tint city by mail, iiitflo Tuoluui oi lour anil upwnnU , Tin nb ol' u-n and upwards, to onu aridrusa , Daily, session Tri-Woekly, di Weekly (in., single , To club ol live and upwards , The Journal 1i alto published Daily ami Tri-Wpnkly during thi ynar j Dally per anumn, by mail, 5 ; Triweekly, CI. ..'.'00 .. 1 iW .. 1 sa .. I 00 .. 2 01) .. 1 mi .. ft" 40 IlnlPR of Advertising Oueiqunrn, lOiinnt or less, oiidiiiik ' " " earn additional " ' " 1 mi in til WerUIr I'nper ..(1 M .. 0 as .. 1 .10 ' 3 " 3 so " " " fl " 5 o " " " 13 " e on " ' chancabl(t monthly, per annum yd 00 " ' weekly " " u (Mi fltandinircarrt, ono square or less, ' r no l column, cliaiicablf quarterly," " 35 00 W " " " " f,() (HI 1 n . " 41 " " " KM) 00 Other cnins not prnvided f or, cuarsraliln in conformity with tn aho to rntes. All loadcil BdTrtlMim(ntatnhnrhnrfdiiot less than doubln th almvo rates, and miiniurcd it olid. Advertisements on the inshieMX-luveiy,to twchargedatthn rat of 50 ifr rt'tit.in ailvnncemi tho atmvrrntcs. TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER "8, 18.11. the beginning, in fnvnr of continuing in a territorial on dilimi. Appearances indicnie that it will also he acceded to at the Norlli. For the manifest injusiico of MMniiiMiiMiMii nun uiniiujinii(iIU) IWJUllUMI, ia everywhere conceded ; and, besides, where the hnlf of 11 whole Stale indicates the wish to follow n certain lint, tlie disposition of most Cnliforninns in to let it Imvo its own wny. It i'm, therefore, hazarding but little to predict, that Congress will be mcmorinlizid liy the Legis Intiire, nt its coming Reunion, in favor of the proposed division, nml that tho new territory will lie erected with gonerul consent, unless small politicians in tho State combine to interfere with what they cannot tin-derslmid, and succeed in defeating a measure of justice to n pent i' ful and Hitlering people. This loiter is already so long, that I presumo to sny hut a word more ; am! thut is to remark, that our po-lici records show the commiinn of crime has almost entirely ennsed in our city. No more burglaries, no more robberies; all is peaceful and quiet. Of cniirie, this is not to be attributed to the terrible efficiency of tho Vigilance Committee. Si'kctator. Division or Califoriiiu. Wo have heard something, through the papers, of the project of a diviiiioii of California, but we were ignorant of the excuse set up for such a step. A correspondent of the New York Iferald attempts the argument of the case, and we copy it entire thin tho poo pie of (his conn try may undent! in id what thoy say is their object, anil the reosons therefor. We are not convinced of ihepnl-icy of this step. TVo are afraid (a Whitman us d to s;iy) there is an Indian behind llio bush. We apprehend this is only a pretence lo escape from thn free constitution of California, and that Die erection of a slave State will be tho end or il. We warn northern members of Congress to bo careful how they vole and act, as tlie failure to protect the interests of free soil on tho Pacific will ho visited by the stern rebuke of our entire peoplo. What is llio pretext for this division! That the southern agricultural regions aro inxod higher thnn they can pay for the support id I he State government. This is all a fulhiey. An eipml system of inxatioii aup-poses lair and proper valuaiion of pmperty, and this in based upon iis position and capacity to bring nn income. If the larmi in the South are not productive, and the fur men cannot rni money enough to puy tuxes, then these farms are valued quite, too high, and they must be lowered. This subject can and must be arranged according to ihe protluc.tiveneFS ur capacity for production of ihu property. If now no high in any locality an In bo oppressive and unbeanible, the Hhite legiidaturo must rqtiatize it, and let them down to their line ponj. lion. It is all sheer humbug to urge lhi$ as an excuse for 11 division of llio Stat Hut it is not piopoied to ereet another Ntate. Thenn south endrrs do not wnu' the trouble and expense of maintaining a government of their own. They propose to erect the southern portion of California into a territory, to be governed by the United States, and all the salaries and expenses of government to be homo by the United States, This la a new and strange idea. Wo have had 110th- j iiig like It in Ihe history of this nation. We have no instance where n part of a State was cut off mid eroded into a territory. Territories very frequently grow into Stiitt-g; litit no State or part of Slate has ever Inped back to a terriiory. This is not the ilireriion that prog-renNion lakes in lids country, and it is singular ihat sin h an idea and n quest should first spring up in Cab ifomia. We do not believe that ihe thing can ho done. We know of nn powi r, eitln-r in 11 Stale or in Coneross, to bike surh a step. To our mind it would be iinconati-tulioiial, unwarranted by llio fundamental hiwof ihe laud. S'Ttion ;id, article 4th of the contilution of Ihe United Stale, n-ad an billows: ' New Stales may be admitted by Ihe Congress inl this Union, Imt 110 new State ahull ho formed or erected within tho jiihiU'lion of any other Stale, nor nuv Slat) be Innned hy l he jiiitrtiim ol two or t?:nre Sinies ot purts ul Sifiti'M, " ilhnot 1 tin roiiHfiit uf Ihe I,eilii-''lures of Ihe States roocerued an Well n of tile Coil-Uress."We aro nwiireth it sinre the admission of Texan, which was a foreign im'i"n. by simply a renolutinu, it has not been cuiisidered ilillidilt to do anytKinft (hat was found denirnhfe, or thought lo bo desirable by Congress. And the same plan of pulling a thing through, without rrgnrd to the power or right to do ao, may ho resorted lo nr the purpose of making a Territory out of a slico from California. Hut this dots not render smh a step coiifttiiotiotial, nor will it in the hunt reioucile us to tho jm-piiely of it. All tho pietenres for this change aro mere prelriiccs. When the lime conies that Ihe Bonlhern portion has a population nntlicient to tntiko B Stale, find when Ihe people denire it, wo see 110 good rea-on why it nhonld not bo granted. The people will settle under the lre laws of the Stale, and it it li;inlly piHsible that, under sm h circumstances, they will ever agree to introduce shivery therein. At present, we hope Ilia whole scheme of erecting n new Territory will bo iU-oiintuiiBi)ccd. The following is the letter to which we lef. r: San Fhancisco, Sept. 1S31 Remit of the Etrctfa Propnird Jiivitian of California Itt Cansei The Agricultural VrotpeetM 0 HuHtkrrn California State of Society, ftc, ,c. Tlie papers contain an account of 11 movement for the u:vmoiioi me niuio. this is an earnest movement, and in entirely dotnentio in its origin and ohjed, ntul has iiothiti( to do will) the question of alavi-rv. or ol n balance ol power holwoen me Sottlh and tho ,Norl!i, The South rn, and by fur ihn lurger portion of the Stute, is entirely panto ml 111 its nnluie and rnpuhiliiiea; without mineral, without agticullitral reniiurres, and wiilioul any staple pniductioii. Much of ii ia Kinpied by mountains ami marshes, and the remainder is divided into large ruuehoa, or gruziug farms, many leagues in extent, producing a roame natural gnus in the rainy season, over wmcn camo roam ut large, gelling very lat 111 ine spring, ana aiuiont siun mg 111 tlio summer, nriiry tenson, rrom April to iViveinber. no rain la in this country, and cnmequenily, ugriculturo cannot ue nependeil oil. The whole country is, in fact, a treeless denert, nf- loriling, lor tlie pri nter iiuriioii ol ihe ear. onlv 11 ty niibialence to entile and hordes ol iho moat hardy species. In the centre of a wild tract, ihe ram hero nut Irs House ol fliiefte, and lived a eaicmi patoral lib. From his cniile he derived his piiiuipal foml, which, with such osruleiiia as grow uloug Ihe ncultered streams in tho lower valleys, ami at) occasional supply of rice from abroad, or ul wheat from tho river valleys of the upper country, maintained his family ihe year round. His wants were few, nml thoso wereeanily supplied by tho slaughter of a few bullocks, whoao bides and tallow, trauaorted lo tho nearest sea-purl, provided all miierlluilien which were needed lor lami-ly ute, or for social orreliginus festivals. Such was iho lie ace lu I and happy life ltd by the native Californians, heliire the Americans came or gold was dincovered. Hut with Iho coining of those two events camo the dawning of a new era. A nation ol two hundred thousand souls was set dowu in the midst ot a desert, and disdaining the chrysalis condition ol a territorial government, leaped nl once into the position of n sovereign State. Hut with the independent condilion came also the necessiiy of nn independent support of tho new government hy H self, Tlie new government wan coin- ! tolled to derive ihe menus of its own subsistence from is own population, Tims arose taxation, and a taxation which was as excessive compared with that of any oilier Stale, as the expenses of living and tho salaries of Slate o incurs exceed lli me ot other Stales. lule tins han been endunihlo in the well setlledand agricultural di tricts of northern California, it has fallen likoihoblqdit of desolation upon the insioral districts ol thu south. It can well bo imagined how ruinous a taxation of even tweniy-fivo cents an at re would be to tho owner of a raucho of twenty or thirty thousand at res, who lor years perhaps had not itossesscd, or frit the in cd of possessing nim hundred dollars in rush. It has been found iinposnible in nuslain the weight of Slate taxation. The finest ranchos in southern Cull lorn ia have been cold at mere nominal rales for taxes. The owners of oihern have collected (heir catile and driven them away into I Lower California, deserting their ranchos, and choosing rather to return to Ihe soil ot Mexico Ihim lo bear the buiden of a ruinous taxation. The whole population of the southern portion uf the Stale find this burden equally unendurable. Hence this movement for the division of the Rdite. It is proposed that it bo divided on n parallel of latitude nhout sixty miles to the south of San Franciaco.of almut thirty-seven degrees of northern latitude. This would cut oil' from the Slate a tract live hundred and fifty miles in length, by ihroe hundred broad. Hut out of this territory il in nui proposed to erect n new Slate. I ne mnnimnnis scok 10 escape the 1 vils and expense 01 a nwn government. 1 ney desire to return to it ter-riioriid form of government, under the foaiering rare and pro led inn of the Uniied S'ates. To organize a new State would only aggravate the evils of wliieh they complain, and which thev wish to escape, T sever them from tlto existing State of California, and erect nver thetna teriiiorial uovernment. of widt h ihe United States would assume the respoiiiihilily ami the iauao, wouiu alleviate present sutler 1 ngs, and aitord Sinrauiee tor tlie luttiru. This movatnent pmarewwa at Ilia South with an al most tour unaniiniiy. lu fiot tha South voted, at J inline t'oiK-kliiiK's Decision. Wo call the special attention of our renders to ihe opiuintt of Judge Concki.inh, of New York, nn the Sy- rncuio riot case. 1 lie law which they have broken, is quoted, and we hopo our citizens will read the law and ihe opinion carefully, nml aeo where they ntutid, before they venture on any similar speculation. It may be very good ftiu to mob anollicer, and sot a runaway negro Ireo, Imt tho after part will not be so pleasant. The law mutt bo upheld, and those who attempt to trnmplo it under foot, must nnd mil he brought before Ihe courts, and puiiinhcd. Don't forget this pnrtof the Jenny Mud. The Swedish Nightingale and horallendaiils missed over Ihe road from Cleveland to Cincinnati yesterday. A Car wasspetially appropriated to her company. She arrived at Cleveland on Sunday morning and remained at the Weddell House till yesterday. If or first con- fori in Cincinnati will he 011 to-murmw (Wednesduy) evening. Wo learn she will bo in Columbus about Ihe lOrli of November. CP' We were visited yesterday bv one of our color ed ciiions, who informed us that tho sentiments con tained in the resolutions published by us, and paed at a meeting of colored persons in thn city, were not the sentiments of the more Intelligent and better portion "f the blacks, and that they ntlurly rcudiakd the whole n flair. Wo aro glad tn henr this, and wo trust Unit ihoae who passed these rexolulious will yet see the error of their courso. Wo wih to bo understood, therefore, us applying Ihe remarks we made to thoe who pa-ed and endorse the resolutions, mid not to the entire colored population of ColuintiiiM Wkstkrm Hkskuvk Tkanhchii'T. The old Trumbull County Whig comes lo us in anew and improved shape. It is now a largo and beautiful paper, and vim hardly fail lo secure n paying patronage. We aro glad lo sen Ihat our young Irieiul F. Ii. TuMmm in one of ihe editors. Our readers have been favored with occasional ell'ortn from his pen, which evinced a mind id moro than ordinary capacity. We wish long life ami much tiuccenn to llio Trantcript, and we leel coniident it will deserve them. The Derision of Judge Conkling, In thk cask op tint Svkacusi Hiotkrh. AununN, Monday Morning, Oct. 20, Ift.il. Tho United States v. Ira II. Cobb. The United States p, Moses Summers. The United States r. .1 nines Davis. The United Slates v. Stephen I'nrter. The United Slates v. William L. Salmon. The United States v. Harrison Alleu. Tho United Slates v. William Thompson. The United States v. Prince Jacks n. Tho evidence in behalf of the United Slates against llu9 above named deleudants, ha vim been completed on Saturday afternoon, und their counselexpressingno desire to hove any other wiliiesnes called, the proceeding was adjourned until II o'clock this morning, when Judge Conk ling pronounced tho following decision: Co.vki.ino J. The specilic chnrgeon which the prisoners have severally been arrested and brought belore me for examination, is ilmt of having uiilnwlully aided in ihe escape ot an alh-dged fugitive from labor, idler ho hnd been apprehended, and while he Wus yet in custody, in virlue of a warrant issued in n proceeding for his restoration to tho person, a citizen in the State of Missouri, to whom it was alledged bis labor was due. In proceeding now, ns it is my duty to do, to decide upon ihn legal ell'ect of ihe evidence before mo, it is proper to premise thai there is no teaiimony tending to lix upon tho defeiidauta the guilt ol any higher offence than Ihat just named. This, indeed, I uuderstnnd to be tacitly conceded by (he Attorney for tho United States. There is no evidence ol nrevioua combination nml arming for the purpose of " levying wnrngiiiiist the Uniied States," nor doea it appear that the defendants and their associates had nr.y nhjcotinvjnw beyond that of dofeating the execution of the law inn particular instance. Theso are therefore to he considered nnd treated as oases arising under the icventh section of iho act ol' September 18, INaihch.fiQ, entitled an net to amend, and supplementary lo ihe act entitled 'Ail act respecting Fugitives from Justice, and 1'ersons escaping from ihu Servicn of their Manters,' approved February twelhh, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three." The section referred to is in the following words: Andbeit further enacted. That nuv tinrmm who ahnll knowingly and willingly obstruct, hinder or pruveni such cluimant, his ngent or nttorney, or any person or persons lawfully assiniing him, her, or theiii, from arresting such fugitivo from servicoor labor, either with or without process ns alorewnid, or shall rescue or attempt to rescue, niich fugitive bom service or labor, Irom the custody of such claimant, Ida or her ngeut or attorney, or other person or persons lawfully assisting as nhVenniil, when ho arrested, nuinualit to the niithori- Pnr tho Olilo Ptato Journal. Keokuk, Iowa, Oct. 20, 18.11. Emma Ohio Statk Journal: Since custom hns rendered " skelt hen by (ho way ' a popular feature of newspuper literature, I shall beg your indulgence in presenting a few thoughts on Western life and Wint- ru towns nnd cities. And I will prctiibm by saviny that the city in which I write furnishes the moat extra ordinary illustration of lite enterprise nnd energy of the Wcsleiri people, and ihe rapidity with which cit ies nre built up 011 Ihe banks of tho Miie-issippi, or wlrdl I have any knowledge. J wtisliern seven years ago. Keokuk wan then a little village, struggling into existence, with scarce U hundred inhabitants. It now numbers m ar, it iiol quhe, live ilioiisutid inhabit nuts, and is the great commercial einooi iuiii fur Sooth- ru lown, at well ns u portion of Mi-nouii and Illinois. ! nm ml vised that the buslneM done hero last yenr, ' iicluiliog the mercpiiiiile, produce and forwardiii" trade, amounted to some milion , ,W. TJo-1 in surely niiexninph d in llio history ol Western merre, nnd ihe statement may seem extraordinary without s word of explanation. Heiug at the foot of the rapids ol tho Mississippi, il is realty the principal out 01 wholesale liusir.es on in Upper Mipsisnppi. One thing, however, will strike every one in visiting this place, mid that is the want of extra envitnl. Never havo I been in a placo where this was so manifest. Capita! in all actively engaged. Tlnro is but linle employed in orun men ling ihe t My. Warehouses are more numerous than clem lies. Indued, there is a great luck of public buildings of all kinds. The St.ile Medical College, hiculid at this plnce, is 1 exception to thin reiunik It is really n very neat arid tasty strncluro. Ileing on elevated ground, it pre sents from llif river a gniial utid imposing appearance, and in nltogelher the greatest ornament of Iho city. Tim majority ol theraculiy are said so be gentlemen at distinguished ability an ! nchersof the "divine art." Tho enterprise of establishing nn institution of medical learning is highly creditable to this young and growing Stale. There is now much excitement prevailing here con cerning the hiipiovemeitt of the rapids of ihe Misisit-pi, cxteiidmg up the river some twelve miles Irom this plnci). Tin y nre n great barrier to the commerce ol Ihe Upper Missinoppi. None but the smuller class of boais Ciin pass over them, and even thoy havo difficulty hi pass. ing over in tow stages of wnter. For years tho people of (he West have been holding conventions and memo ri diing Congress, nskmg appropriations ftom tho (ten oral (iovernmeiit to remove ibis obstruction. But thus far they have asked in vain. There appears lo ben dillerenro of opinion here ns lo the best mode ol im proving these rapids, mid I nm inclined to think this dilleri'iico of opinion glows somewhat out of trljttk conside rnii'ins. The chictta of Koekuk nppenr to think that the only feasible plnn is that of cnnaling, while the Iturlingtoninns, nml oilier towns on ihe Up per Mississippi are in favor of blasting the rocks and ih ore by opening the natural chnnnel. Thero is said to be near thirty leet full front ihe head to ihe foot of the rapids; nnd the cnunl. should it 111 time bo constructed, will give Keokuk a water power such an few places have on this routineiit. A pinnk road extending fmm this place t.i 1'airfield, some fitly miles up the IV Moines river, will soon hi completed. This penctruU a Ihe heart of the richest valley in the west, ami must be of great ndvniitnge to the agricultural interests of southern lown, tts well an contribute innteitully to the business imporlaiico of Keokuk. A fine class of packets run daily, between this and St. Louis. 1 don't think 1 into extravagant language when I say, a hotter cluss of packets can not be found on the western waters. They nre about establishing also a lino of packets bntween ibis place and Rock Island rail-road, which, it is expected, will he speedily constructed. Mmigrntion to thin region of the west In very gient, and when ibis more imiuedinto valley of the Mississip pi becomes connected with the Atlantic cities by Hail-t'ond communication, it must become iho ihentre ol a very dense population. Therein overyihing here lo invite the buibnudtnaii and the man of business. I may write you ngnin at some other point in tho West. S. The jreut llailrntul riei--Itlade I.niul. This immense enterprise is rapidly going forward. Mote ihnu Ihree hundred feet of the pier have been already completed. Few have any conception id' the magnitude mid expense of the nudoilnking of wlii'-h this pier is a part. The pier nhme will be F.Mln feet long by 201) feel wide, and built in the most suh- niaiilial tnninier. The Pittsburgh track crosses the pier by a pile road nenr Hnih street, forly leet farther out ill the Lake. The proposed pier ol the Lake Shore road will meet the Columbus rnilrond pier. At the junction, a pnssengi-r depot 11 1)0 leet long and 100 wide Will lie bnill unoli the lormer pier, and a passenger depot 4011 leel long mill 200 fret wide, Upon the latter pier. I wo rows ol piers. Illicit liciwenn Willi stones, will driven from a point 0.10 feet from the shore upon Hinckley's pier, to a point at the same distance from ihe shore upon Ihe government pier Ihns entirely fencing out thn Like. The mill water will llieii be tilled Hp, and Hint unprofitable part of (he Lake become mnde mini. It Is snld that a venr ami n half will be needed to complete iho work. It will cost not lens (tuiil $200.- iiou. protmhiy more. I vventy-tive imnns are now en gaged 111 building Ihe pter they make good progn-aa, 1 he work is managed oy Mcm-ge Smllli, hq., contractor. H is a thoroughly eflieteut gentleman, and will keep things moving. Plain Dealer. The returns of the Pennsylvania election show that H iuI.br, tlie Democratic candidate, selected Governor by a majority or 8,311. The Increase of the vote ovar tho hut election in lfe)4Q is ty herein given nnd declared or shall aid, nbet, or as sist sticii person so owing service or labor an aforesaid, directly or indirecily, to escape from sm h cluimant, hia ngeut or attorney, or other person or persons legally authorized ns aforesaid; or ahull harbor or conceal such tiigilivDso as to prevent tho discovery and arrest of such person, after notice or knowledge of the fact that such person wns a fugitive from aervico or labor as nforennid, shall, for either of said oileiices, bo subject to a lino not exceeding one thousand dollars, nnd imprisonment not exceeding six months, by imliriinitit and conviction belore llio District Court id' the United States for tho district in which mch oll'ence may have been committed, or before the nrooer court of criminal jurisdiction, rf committed within any one of the organ ized territories of the United Slates; and shall moreover forfeit and pay, by way of civil damages lo the partv injuieil by Hitch illegal conduct, Ihe sum of one ihousaud dollars, for each fugitive so lost 111 aforesaid, to bo recovered by action of debt, in any of iho District or Territorial courts aforesaid, within whoso jurisdiction tho said offence may have been committed." The accusation is Ihnt tho defendants, in direct con-Iravelition of the act, did, on tho lirst of October inst, at tho cily of Syracuse, " aid, abet, or nssiwl," the fugi tive 10 caenpe irom 1 no custody ol fllr. Allen, the Oep-tuy Marshal, by uhom he had been apprehended. Tho dclendmils are not now on trial for the purpose 01 uuimaieiy dciermimni? whether t iev nre to he an . jected to punishment. This is but a 1 rebminarv in quiry to nsceriniu whether they ought to be hold to nan. or in di lailll ttiereoi to he commuted to prison lor the purpose ol securing llieir presence nt Ihe next stilted session of the District Court to answer further in the event of their being imliciul by a grand jury; ma it is r settled principle ol law that, for this purpose, pnma jane evidence or gmu ia nullicieid. At tlio close nl iho examination on tvitiirdny afternoon, although I then saw no ground for serious doubt concerning my duly in ihe premises with respect (oeillierof iho de-fendanls, I deemed it proper, nevertheless, to hold the eiitiofi under advisement until ibis uion.ing. A cnreful coiiaiilernlioii uf the evidence has cnnlirmed my original impresni f its entire Kntliriency to establish tin-guilt of eai h of iho defendants lor ihe purposes at b-nst of thin inquiry. Indeed, will) ihe eteepnon. nt lined. t MrpArit i'nrter, their cnlpahimy uppeina to ho placed beyond n reasonable doubt. Tim only witness against him ia Page S'eirtnn, nn intelligent and apparently honest nnd trustworthy man, of whoso evidence it can at most only be said that the cry which it imputes to I'orti-r, mny pojailly have heen uttered hy nootlier ; I white on the niher hand it appears very highly prnha-1 hie, from Porter's oiovious In n if u ace nnd cointucr. not 1 only that witness is not mistaken in this particular, but ! Dial I'nrter s iiiterlorenco wus not limited to n single cry designed lo urge on tho more active ussailants. The proceedings on the part both of the Commis sioners and o 1 tin Deputy Mur.dial, oppenr to have been entirely regular. Tho fuitivo was therefore lawfully restrained of bin liberty bv due inocess of law. and all inti r fere nre by third persons, by act or words. ior 100 purpose 01 lavoring ins escape, niut lending to that result, is n violation of Iho act rendering the offender untenable to its penalties. I ho interposition id' iho defendants nini of iheir numerous coadjutor who have not been identified, was direct, im inn bio and un- quivncnl; its motive, if not in every inalnneo openly uvowid, wan too ohvions to mliott ol doubt; it was adapted to the unlauliilentl in view, nnd terminated in lis accomplishment. My duty towiinls the defendants is therefore plain and imperative. They must sev erally no required to give hail lor tnoir appearance at the next term of the court to bo held ol HuH'ulo, on the second Tuesday of November, or, for want of nulliciont bail, ho committed to prison. It is unnecessary to say more, and under ordinary circumatniicon.it might be imjKTiiiieiit to do m: mid yet 1 would mm avail myseii ol the occasion, lurilier to diarotirngo, so far nn mv voice mav be notential for ibis our pose, ilu repetition, in this District, nt le ist, of ttie disgraceful scenes of lawless violence ni;d outrage lescrihed by the witnesses 111 these cases. They must have been tlie fruit either of gross delusion or of wanton contempt of law mid social order. For the purpose of effecting the liberation of a person Irom custody un der process issued and executed in coniormity with express and well known provisions of the Constitution and laws of the Uniied S'ates, a building in the midst of a mpulou cily was partially demolished, and deadly weapon were recklessly lined, lo tho imminent jeop. iirdy of human life, and to the grievous injury of several persons. The lenst reprehensible motive by which llio iiggresors can he supposed to have been animated, is the belief on their pint that slavery is unjust nnd im moral i nnd Unit ihe laws hy w hieii it is uphold, may lite re fore he rightfully resisted by lorce. It must be the hotH) of all cood men that tho lime may eventu ally come, when injuslirn nnd opprension in every form, including human aluvrry, if audi ho ils character, will be banished from the enrlh. Hut these wrongs exist, and are likely to endure, in other forms besides that of slavery 1 and il wo have nothing heller than lawless violence to rely Upon lor llieir removal, ttiey will nev er cense. Il is to advancing civilization alone thut we can look for their grndnal extinction. Wise men understand this, and shape their course accordingly, Hiirots and Fanatics are too blind to see it. or too im nalieut to heed it; and ill their bend-lone r.eul to re dress particular wrongs, real or fancied, regardless of nil oilier consequences, I hey commit otner wrongs moro aggravated and intolerable. Such is the grave error into which these defendants have fallen; regardless of their civil and social duties, they have broken the public peace; set tho law at open deliimce, and with deadly weapons assaulted nnd wounded tlnollicers while executing its mandates. In thus insulting Ihe mnjesly of the law, did they expect to escape its ven-'t ancoT If so, their folly wns coital- led only hy their criminality. What is the Law in this country, but thu declared will of tho majority, to which, when tlius expressed, all nre hound, hy a hindnmeuiai principle of the covernmeiit, to submit, and which all ns mminicrn are swum i" buihu,m, i ihh-ii unjiun that law are enacted contrary to the judgments, and sometimes to the moral sense of thousands ot our citi zens ; and this must utiavidably conliiilio to he the cane. Hul no sano man imagines that be is therefore absolved from the obligation lo obey tlielit ; still lesi that he has a rinht forcibly to prevent others from do ing so. II he cannot submit to them consistently with Ihe dictate of his conscience, he may si ek a residence in some other country, if ho cntt hnd one where ho thinks he would suffer less from misrule; but so long as he continues to tie an inhabitant of the United Stutea, he must submit to tho laws or pay the penally of bis disobedience. When this censes to he tine; when nny man may transgress a law with impunity because lie lislikes it. our uovernment will havo become a vain mockery, not worth preserving, for it will have cenned to nliord protection lo iho rights either 01 properly or life. The act in question han unhappily been fruitful nl bigotry and lauaiicism ; ntul il is due to enmtor mm truth lo add, that It seems to Imvo bewildered tho judgments nnd consciences of other besides ihe class ol cilixens to which Die deleiidanls belong. 1 nm hap py to be ignorant ot tho existence tn tins pnrt ol the Stnio of New York of any of those pcraous lew, I trust in numbers nnywhere to whom 1 allude. The manly spirit and love of fair play, prevalent here, are an rllecluul niilidola to the unhappy delusions niuier which these persons seem to labor. I doubt, also, whether they are to hn met with in the Slates Where slavery i tolerated for 1 have always understood that our Southern brethren, whatever may be their faults in other respects, are likewise iiisiiuguished tor the virtues 1 have mentioned. Judging from the language of these enthusiasts, more blind than amiable, on a recent ocension, one would be led to conclude thut they suppose it to be the bound en duly of those who are lehnroed with thenittciitinn of the fnuitiv alnvn act. na I oflea u their power in evoked fur the restoration of nnnlledged fugitive finm labor, to take care that he shall ut all events bo delivered to the claimant; and lo that end, to take care also, to to interrupt the law. at all events to insure tins result. It may not be amiss to remind these well meaning people that the law, in tho application of iti provisions, is no respecter of persons, and that judges are bound to administer it as thoy tind it, intelligently, tinnly and impartially Tlie day, 1 trust, is far distant wheu the rights vouch sufed bv law even to a fugitive slave, will be less se cure under tho guardianship of American Judge than itioaeoi 111s master. From the North American Review. Menus for the removal of Slavery. (1.) Human Instrumkntalitt. While wo shall not defend slavery, we ere equally far from thinking that all mentis, irrespective of their tendency or character, may be used lor it removal. Ab in the case of other social evils, we wish to see no remedies applied which are worse than ihe disease, but those only which will change a most imperfect social state for a belter one. We wish to see slavery abolished, but not by methods which will introduce in its stead worse evils than itself. Slavery is had, but there are many things worse. A savage anarchy is infinitely worso. It is worso for the hind to be under the rule of the appetite and passion of the ignorant, than under the despotic rule of the more intelligent. It is better that men should remain slaves, than bo converted hy the touch of freedom into idle aud sensual savage. We desire to see slavery removed, hul through those method of improvement alone, which, an it disappear, shall cause a fairer order of society to inko its place. 1 no mornl sensoot the world demand nt the Sou Mi, not that it shall abolish slavery inn da or a year, but that it ahnll show, by some decided action. Ihat uii in- stihitifiii which, it confesses, keep the slave in a low, debased, and inferior slate, it does not intend, becaubc of its profitableness, nor lor nny reason but tlie direct necessity, to ho a permanent one. Were the Southern States, with a prospective view to emancipation, to adopt some ellecMvo plan by which to educate ihe black for the duties of freedom wore they thus, in some proper method nnd by intention, preparing them for its ullimnle enjoyment though the process of train ing tho slave lor freedom were ns long as Hint which has accustomed him to the habits of bondage it would ho felt ihat I hey were meeting, as can be done in no other way, the responsibilities of their position. Anil in speaking of the wrong lo which the slave is aubjecled, and of the duty of the slaveholder, we do not think it necessary to take on us any airs of mora indignation, nor to nssumo the a'titudeof Immilists. Kvery word we have written in assented to as hearlily, nnd, except among tho immediate disciple of Mr. Calhoun, almost nn generally, at the South as ut the North. 1 lie number ol slave State in which nearly successful I'tlbrtn have been made to abolish slavery, iho multi tude of slaveholders every where met with, to whom slavery is a source of perpetual grief aud anxiety, and the kind oi interest which has been taken in colotilza-linn, and the efforts to improve the lot of ihe black in shivery, even where no menus are used to deliver him irom it, nliow tho existence ol the same mornl sensihil- ity 1 n thin subject nt the South, which exists throughout the more enlightened parts of Christendom. That slavery ought to be regarded ns a temporary institution merely, and an one which every wise and good man should, according lo his ability, labor to remove ns far and an fast ns is consistent with nny real improvement in the condition of society, is a proposi tion which will he equally assented to by tho South atul tho North; while few, north or south, would go beyond this 111 their statement of the duly to promote emancipation. Hut 11 slavery is ever lo uo abolished, the question, Hy whom must the work bo done T be comes one of grent moment, not only for those who are immediately responsible, that ihey may justly nppre-cinto iheir position, but for those also who, properly speaking, nre not responsible, that they may hot em- bfirrnsn the action of those upon whom the burden of thin great enterprise must full. It is a question which should ho fairly answered, in order that between dif-erent pnrtn of the country I hero may he harmony, and concert, nnd mutiinl tolerance, nnd a friendly willing-ii' ss to give aud receive aid. No good object is ad vanced ny assuming a reapoiisihiiny heyond our province. Even in promoting the best ends, we must respect each other' moral freedom, mid social nnd civil rights. On whom, then, o far nn nny direct action is concerned, nre we chiefly to rely for the removal of slnve-rv T For reasons to which we have nlrcndy adverted, wo cannot look to the people of the freo States. They nre shut out from all authority over the subject. They have no more right or opporinnity to vote in the lepis-lature of Alabama, than 111 Ihe Parliament of ling land ; and iho slave Inws of the Sooth nre as fur beyond their .iiiTrf, ns tlir Wnf:H-!t coin taws. If this he true, it is a truth which should he billy recognized ; for any action founded upon u rotttrnry supposition can result in nothing but miichicf. But to whom then can we look? 1 Wn answer, to that largo class ol mett at the South, not snlVicietitly retnirdcd in our nnti-slavery movements, who desire to see slavery give place lo Ireo institutions. If shivery is overdone uwuy by human means, miles I il be through revolution, tuaiirrreiiun, nod civil wur, it must be bv southern men ; and Ihe only persons who I have nny direct influence for good over thin mailer, and who can be expected voluntarily to exert that iiillu-cure nre the southern friends ol emancipation. Any northern method of agitating tho question nf slavery, which overlooks tins jMunt, must he lalnlly erroneous. Wo fear that it hns been overlooked, and already with very tiiisrhievous results. We have never heard any man, acquainted with the South, doubt that the feeling in regard 10 the abolition of slavery hns, within the last lew years, undergone a very great chan go. Whatever important ends slavery agitation nt tlie North may have accomplished, it ha paralyzed nnd struck dumb the southern friends of freedom. Fifteen or twenty year ago. large numbers, in all parts of the South, for differ- out reasons and in d liferent degrees, looked with dis like on slavery, nnd Willi tavor on whatever tended towards it rcmovnl. In Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky, the emancipation party wns a large and powerful one. Now It is annihilated. Multitude are alto gether repelled from it, while others, shrinking from a false position, recoiling from nny seeming Ireachery to their iriends mid neiglihors, and lenring to be identified wiih northern abolitionists, are silenced. We attribute thin state of thincs in part In the influence of .Mr. Calhouu, aud in part to the increased value of slave property; but that state of feeling which hn made the calm aud tnir discussion ot the Hiihieciaii uut impossible, we attribute mainly to the manner in which it ban been treated nt Ihe North. The emancipation nnrlv in tho slave Slates bun been lmlsied by the action of abolitionism, more entirely even, than the Coloniza tion society in Ihe tree Mutes. A metlMHl 01 agitation whose main result has been to destroy that party which alone had it in its power to do any thing cltec lively for the abolition ol slavery, seems to us a monrniui one. To have merely secured thu discussion ot tho subject, without reference to the reasonableness or wisdom of such discussion, in northern legislature or pulpits, or in tho halls of Congress, is but a slight compensation lor this disastrous evil ; nnd to call the insisting on this destructive speech, a vindication of the freedom of speech, implies a tnolancholv confusion of ideas, Hut if we are to wait for the growth of nn emanci- pntion parly at tho South, it is said, we may wait a century belore it 1 Inrge enough to accomplish any tiling. 1 III may no so, or nm. ir noes not, nowever, United Slates Circuit Court, Grako Jury Room, Columbus, Oct. 23, '51. Judoe McLean: The undersigned members of the Grand Jury, would express to you the great pleasure tney experienced in listening to yonr eloquent, uigiu-fied, and truly American charge to them this morning, and solicit a copy of the same for publication. Your compliance will oblige Yours, respectfully, Robt. Nxil, P. H. Olmsted, Amoi 8. Kamskt, Wm. Domiuan, Isaac Morton, JohnKlapp, A. Stone, C. A u mock, Ml LIS PlNNKT, A. W. DoLSOIt, Dan'l Wrioht, P. L. Howlett, Daniel Smith, W. Armstrong. Charles Stanbert, CoLOMims, October 27, 1851. Gentlemen of the Grand Jury : My char He to vou wa delivered extempore, but I have endeavoured, in writing it out at your request, to embody, as far a my memory enabled me, the idea communicated and the word used. With the greatest respect and esteem, I am your obedient servant. JOHN McLEAN. OHIO. J Circuit Court United State October Term, 1831 Chargi or Judge McLean to the Grand Jurt. After presenting to the jury certain violation of the laws of Congress, which ordinarily come under the consideration of the Grand Jury, be remarked : A sense of duty require me to call your special anil seri ous attention 10 an act or u on gross 01 the !uiu ol April, 1818, which is entitled "an act for ihe punishmeutof certain crime." The 1st section of that act provides. " That If nnv citizen of the United Stale shall, within the territory or jurisdiction thereof, accept end exercise a commis sion to serve a loreign prince, state, colony, district, or peoplo, in war, by land or by sea, against any prince, state, colony, district or people, with whom the United Stales are at peace, the person so offending shall be deemed guiliy of a high misdemeanor, and on convic tion man no nned not more than two thousand dollar and imprisoned not exceeding three years." The 2d section declares, " That il any terson shall, within the territory or jurisdidion of the United States, enlist or enter himself; or hire, or retain another per son to enlist or enter himself, or go beyond the limit or .jurisdiction of the United Stoles, with intent to be enlisted or entered in tho service of nny foreign prince, state, colony, district, or people, as a aoldicr, &c., shall he deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, nnd shall he fined not exceeding one thousand dollars and imprisoned not exceeding three years." BKc i). " i hat 11 nny person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United Slates, beeiil or set on foot, or provide or prepare the menus for, any mili tary expedition or enterprise, to he carried on Irom thence egainst the territory or dominion of acy foreign princo or Slate, or of any colony, district or jieople with whom the United Stale are at peace, every person to offending ahnll be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be lined not exceeding three 1I1011. sand dollars, and imprisoned not more than three year," To this seclion your attention is specially solicited. Yott will observe that ihe enumerated net which cou-stitnto the offence, are all in Ihe disjunctive. To "he-gin" the militnry expediiion spoken of, is an ofFence within the statute. To begin il, is, to do the first act, whirh may lend to the enterprise. Tho offence is consummated hy any overt act which shall be a commencement of tho expediiion, though it should not be prosecuted. Or il an individual shall "set the expedi-d it ion on fool," which is scarcely distinguishable from beginning it. To set it on foot may imply mnie progress heyond Ihnt of beginning it. Any combination of individuals to carry 011 the oxpedidou i "setting it on foot." atid Ihe contribution of money or anything else which ahull induce inch combination, may be said tn he a beginning of the enterprise. To " provide the means inr such an enterprise, is within the statute. To constitute this offence, the individual need not en gage personally in the expedition. If be furnish the munitions o( war, provisions, transportation, clothing, or any other necessaries, to men engaged in tho expedition, he is guilty, for he provide ihe means to carry on the expedition. It must be against a nutioii or h.mi- pie. with whom we are at pence. in passing the above law, Congress has performed a high nniional duly. A nation, by Ihe law of nations, considered a moral being ; aud the principle which 1 notes moral restraints on the conduct of an individ ual, applies with greater force lolb tioii of m mm linn. "Justice," says Vatlel, " is ihe basis nl society, the sure bond of all commerce. Human society, far Irom being intercourse of assistance and good ollices, would be longer any thing Imt a vast sceno of robbery, if there were no respect to thin virtue, which secures to every one his own." " It is still more necessary between nations thnn between individuals; hecauso injustice produces moro dreadful consequences in the quarrels of these powerful bodies politic, and it is still more dillicult to otain redress. Tin so remarks aro made and the law cited, in refer- nce to the lute military expedition nsainst the inland of Cuba. That expedition was organized iii ibis country, and was composed, principally, of our own citizens. It object wn to subvert the government oi Cuba a part of ihe Stianish dominion. With ihe gov ernment of Spain, we have a treaty of peace and amity. toreigner was ai me head 01 ine expedition. alter ihe tuct, ihat it is the only human agency, except it be through violence, to which wo can look for the removal of slavery. We have in this case, as in so many others, to trust for the good which we desire, to the slow development of cnuae over which we have hut little control. It i certain that our impatience will do little to hasten the social prog res of Slates in the management ol whose internal nil airs wo have no voice ; while our utiinvokcd interference will only crq- e the action of those who nlone have the disposition and power to promo to tlie wo 1 1 nre ot the iilncks. Not Indicted lor Treason. The National aWirfflff contains the following des patch from Philadelphia, lit relation to tho bills of lie dicttnent found hy the Grand Jury against the persons concerned in tho Christiana riot. It will bo seen that there are no hills for Treason against nny of thoin, The charge are simply for violating tho law in resist- ing officers, A-c, So, tin part of the outcry against thu officer of government i nipped in the bud t riiir.APET.riiiA, October 24. In the United State pisirict Court to-day the Grand Jury returned thirty-seven true bills against tlie Chris- tiHiin prisoners, ineae puis charge mem nrst with oh sti udinir the ollicers in arresting the fugitive t second ly, wiih rescuing the fugitives; thirdly, wiih nttompt ing to rescue the fugitives; fourthly, wiih nidina the luuihves to eM-npn iiniiiy, wnu hnrhnriue nnd con' ei -nling ihe fugitives; ixi lily, with obstructing Kdwnid (toraiich in arresting the fugitive; and, lastly, with uidiug ihe nigiuvc 10 escape irom nuwaru linmuch. Hon. Cai.fr II. Smith, of Cincinnati, nnd Jamfi Dk Luno, Ksq., of Washington, Guernsey county, Ohio, were admitted as Attorney at Law and Solicitor Chancery of tho United State Circuit and District Courts, now in session 111 tin city, on Saturday last, Judge IfleLeuu's Charge We received a copy of this excellent charge to the Grand Jury too late yesterday afternoon for Ihi mom ing's paper. H will be in our next, and we bespeak for it tl:e candid and serious attention of every citixeu in Ohio, ryTho Diplomatic correspondence between Aua- tria nnd Turkey, concerning the liberation of Kossuth , has been received and will be given to our render to- morrow, Austria threaten hard, but the Sultan did his duty and has the sympathy ami good will of all lib- nd minded men everywhere. A strnnim thing to sympathise with a Turkish aiul condeinu a Christian Monarch I The Maryland Unumut nominates the Hon, James fending peoplo. A people who were content with Iheir government, and not desirous of a change. Neither in the landing of the invading army, nor in its pro gress through the country, was there found a traitor to the Cuban government. This in a most extraoruinar fact. It could scarcely be realized by the invasion of any other country under similar circumstances. The liberating army fuund no one willing lo be liberated. They were everywhere received and treated as enemies. -It is not known that any cruelties were perpetrated by tbe invaders -on individual. It is believed there were none. Hut their way was marked with blood blond shed in skirmishes and in more general engagement. There never was an invasion among civilized nation, more atrocious and less excusable. Let n suppose a similar invasion of our own country. And here it may be premised that if complaint against our government and a determination lo over throw it. 111 a certain quarter, aitord any excuse lor the combination of a foreign force against us, a strong ense could be made out. But supjtose an armed fores, acknowledging allegiance to no government or people, should invade any part of our country with an avowed intention of overturning the government, how peedi!y would it meet destruction. Such an indignity and out rage would cause tbe blood to thrill through ihe vein of every American. Gentlemen, our government must be just to our selves and jut to other nations. A government is responsible for the acts of its citizens. Not, it is true, in theftrst instance, where they commit depredations upon a friend Iv nation. Hut if such citizens nre not punished or given up to the injured government tor punishment, the nation to whom they owe allegiance necome a par ty to Ihe wrong. This is an acknowledged principle in tho biw of nations. But ihe duty we owe to ourselves is of the highest obligation. No free government can besustained, which does not enforce its law. A deep and nn abidine respect for the Inw. has here tofore been the glory of our country. In that, consists our strength. Those who aro unacquuinted with the principles ot our government, seem naturally to conclude it is wanting in energy and power. Hut they do not comprehend the secret of its strength. The majesty of the law pervades every part of the nation, and operate unseen; but it ctVecla aro visible. It has, heretofore, reqnireiisno military display of men at arms to carry it into effect. Hut I um concerned lo say that our late history, iu this respect, will not compare with the past. There in, I fear, a growing indifference, to the laws. When Aaron Burr was inspected of being eugnged in nn enterprise against the adjacent provinces of Spain, connected, a was apprehended, wiih a dissolution of the Union, the country wns greatly excited, and he was pursued, arrested and indicted for treason. uoea ine same deep feeling lor the union ami 11s law now pervade our country ? If it shall nppear from the evidence ihnt shall he giv-en, that any ut our citizens hive violated tho ubove law, it will be your duty to indict them. Law that remain upon our statute book should booperaiive, or they should he repealed. The national standard is lowered, and licentiousness is increased, by a failure to onlbrce tho penalties of Ihe law. Our institutions cn'n he sustained only on a moral basis. This i wanting in France, and they cHiinot maintain n free government. They may have ihelorin, hut the nubatfltire will be wanting. At this moment the Hepnblic of France, as it is culled, is restrained and governed hy physical power. And if our Government, iu our external and internal n flairs, shall be so mnnaged ns to destroy it mornl basis, we may as well attempt to build a structure iu the air, nn to sustain it. 1 fear this ereat fact mav not be nronerlv appreciated. On it depends, not only the prosperity of our free institutions, but their existence. Diplomatic Correspondence In regard to the release or the lluiignrlnus. The followinir ii the diplomatic correspondence be tween Ihe Austrian internuncio at Constantinople nnd the Turkish ministry, 011 ihe subject of Kossuth' libe ration: AUSTRIA TO TinKRY, Tho undersigned, representative uf Austria at the rone, nas already communicated 10 yeu tut) column-sinus transmitted through him from the Imperial Cabinet lo the Grand Vizier and Minister of Foreign Af fairs, relative lo ihn continuation of the detention of Kossuth and his most daiiqerou companion tn Kuia- hin. The minister may have seen from lite contents Ho seems tn have been a credulous and weak man. He was inqetU(us, but was wanting in sagacity and judgment. Hia tnelnnchnty fate mny excite our sympathy, but his memory is loaded with the execration ol thou- and. He was instrumental in corrunlinc the minds. and withdrawing from their allegiance, many of our youm ; wno nave paid the penalty ot their temerity and ret-Rieiiness. llieir conduct admit nt no oilier mitigation than that they were misled by falsehood. They were induced to believe that a considerable portion uf the people ot Cuba were in arm, Willi the determine- tu n tn overthrow their government. Those who were in si ru mental 111 creating ltd delusion, have an awtul account tn render to their country and their God. I lie invading force, instead ot meet 11 ic Iriends. met ..iMP..M.,i r..uv, or..,. ik.-:. 1 - Ate- y nop (lie invader were opposed, aud 11 is not known that a single Cuban joined ihe enemy. As might havo been anticipated, tho career oi iho jmajJors ws short and extremely disastrous, ?!ietr sufferings were almost without a parallel ; and, wnu two or three exception, those of them who were nut taken prison ers and executed, were sentenced lo an iguoniiuiuus imprisonment in Spain, J hi second expedition terminated more disastrous ly than the tint one. That was titled out by the same leader, and the force was also raised and organized in our country, in defiance uf it lnw. The leader and men were alike suiltT in each, but as in the first exne dition but few were killed, it created leas sensation iu tho country than tbe late one. These unlawful enter prises have cast a shade upon our national character, ' .1. - ... -f L it: I 1.1 TU 111 ine opinion oi mo civiuzeu worm. 1 nrv uujubuj, more or less, connect our government with the outrage, aud they ascribe it to a lust for power and national ug grnndisemont. lnecuiei executive, oy proclamation, from lime to time, warned Ihe country of the unlaw- ful ueu of ihe enterprise, and of the punishment lo which, those euuneed iu it would ne ex tuned . llio execuiivo and ministerial etticers of the government were admonished to be oa the alert, tn check and de al the nefarious design. And a part of Die navy was harced with tho same service. Hut these effort were ineffectual ; in their madness and folly, those who were embodied, trampled upon the law of their coun try, and rushed ujion their own destruction. To sup pose that they could, under itch circumstance, nav been impelled by any histiliablo motive in their own views, i to suppose them to have been laboring under most extraordinary menial aberration. The duty of uiviiis effect to the law devolves upon the judiciary, and you, acntlemon, tor Hie lime being. constitute an important pnrt of ihat branch of the gov ernment And now that the excitement growing out of ihe late expedition has subsided, and its fatal results aro fully known, il becomes us, from the positions wo occupy, to take a calm, a considetate and legal view 01 the circumstances which led to it, and ot the ecu 01 our own citizen, lu tin respect your inquiries will no limited to the district ul tin 10. Our own lustnrv mav show in what bslit our Govern ment has considered those opposed to u who plated uiemseivpi ueyomi 1110 until 01 civiiim-u Gen. Jackson, while emrnned in the suhiuuntion of sav ages in the South, captured two white persons who were handed witn idem, and in a ureal niensurr, con trolled their depredations. Arbutlmot nnd Amhriater were lirltish ubjecls, but Having been inken 111 nn" fighting on the aide or tbe Indian, against our unities and wiihin our territory, were summarily tried nnd summarily executed and the Commanding General was sustained by In Government, ureal nrmun wna too well acquainted with the laws of nations, and with the justice ol the punishment, 10 maxe 11 a auojeumi serious remonstrance. , , . finmimro the net of these unforlunato men wtin the invader of Cuba. Arbuthnot and Amhriater united themaelve with the weaker party, and look part in the war. They were associated wiin savages, uui savage who, to some extent, were allowed to puses Ihe attributes nf a nntion. Treaties were made with them, and they hnd always exercised iho right of carrying on war against the whites, Thee men identitied them solve with Ihi people in ihe war. and in doing so, did not, it it believed, violate any express law of their own country. They incurred tho hazards ol uch a war, were taken, and justly condemned. Oiirciliiena, in the invasion of Cuba, put at equal b-lianee ihn law of their country and the law of na tions. Thoy were covered by no flag t protected by no nubile oiiiniim: voverned tT no general law. Ihey placed them solve beyond tho pale of ctvilixntion, and in doing in been mo pirates aim outlaws. They inva ded a nntion who were protected from outrage and in- biatien bv tbe solemn Buarantv ol a treaty a treaty in whicn our national uonor wm uorpiy cuin.-iu'-u. n miinn noohl h Iniund hv a more solemu or higher ob ligation Uian our Uovernment is ooutui 10 murnaiu mo of thn communication exchanged on this subject, what great importance the Imperial Court allaches to this matter, and that the Impel ial Cabinet considers itnell entitled In suppose that the detention can only ceuse aner inejoini concurrence ni ooin power luni nave been obtained. Both his Excellency, Ueschid Pacha, and his Excellency, Ali Pachn, have assured ihe under signed that the contents ol his communication woioil meet wiih 1 ua allMiiiiin fmm fee ministerial council, 1 nnd ihat the result would lie mndo known to him soon ns it hnd received ihe sauctiun of Ihe Sultan. How grent, therefore, must have been his surprise. when he learnt from certain sources that the minister bad given the chief of a certain embassy the nsnurnoce that Kossuth and hi dangerous companion would be net Iree in the middle uf September, and that in consequence of this assurance the above mentioned diplomatists had made certain arnitigeinenls in view of the journey the Hungarian prisoners were to make. These iietails have not been denied hy Ins hxcelieucy, AH nchn, and tlie undersigned finds himself under the necessity to renew more vigorously his exertions in op der lo turn the Porte Irom a determination which it has 'doubtless taken without mature deliberation, aud which it will, ihn undersigned hopes, abandon, when it considers all the consequence that may ensue fmm the liberation contemplated. Before proceeding further, however, it will be necessary lo call the attention nf iho Turkish minister to certain facts which should be noticed iu order to a clear view of the matter in and. Tbe undersigned doe not intend to detail the circumstances which led to and caused the flight of the chief of ihe Hungarian rebellion, alihoiiL'h such de tails would give him an opportuniiy ot ottering numerous points in reference to tho demand of the Austrian government, which tho Porte ought instantly to grsut. At the sntne time ho considers it superfluous to ruler to the meaning aud word of iho treaties in force between the two powers, 111 virlue ot which rebel and crtmi lints who nre Austrian subjeci. and fly to Turkey, anoniu 1101 ne iiiirourru. 111 nccnninuce wnu toe----wish of the Sultan iU- -t"V 'aud'.ued .tii in denial id the exlrndihou of the fugitive, al- ihougli the meaniniz nf the troutie clearly gave him the necessary power in the case. But it i for this that the Austrian Cabinet must, with so much the more in stance, dwell on the following clauses nt tho treaty of Belgrade, which (clause IS) pays: "Mien such reb el Hy into the Turkish States with the intention of concealing ihemieive mere, ine 1 one is 10 seek mem out and cause them to he punished and also when the snid rebel nnd criminal shall show themselves reitent- ant, and promise better behavior, the Porte i not to believe them, and confine them in a place dislaut fro tbe finnticr." Nothing can bo clearer or morn distinct than this clause. Yet not only did the imperial court abandon its rights continued in tho declarations of the treaty, but showed itself inclined to come to an arrangement with thu Divan relative to ihn confinement ntem rung) of the fugitives. What did the Porte to further so iriemiiv a disposition 1 one pertinaciously nx'.ti limit of a twelve month, and forced the imperial court to consider a of none Hoc t the negociatlnu relative to a limitaiioii of the periml of imprisonment, and to Inko lis stand Unn me terms oi existing treaties, nameiy, those which had previously been concluded by the two stntrs under the hand of his Majesty the Sultan and his Ma city the Kmperor, on the SO Schewal, 1J (;', (Sept. 17, 1H4!',) ami those wnu u were made neiween ine Minister of Foreign Affair and the Turkish envoy accredited for ihat purpose in Vienna, with tho proviso that tn rase ol need, tne cinusc ol these ireauei wouiu be enforced with all rigor. T in ast proviso i made known more spec a Iv in dispntch of IVitice Swnrtzeulwrg, dated March lil, 18.'i0, which Count Stunner, ilien internuncio, commii- uicuted to hi excellency All Pnrhi What, indeed doe the note of the Porte itself, dated the 2:ld of Gemasil Evvel (Iho 6th of April, IKMl), sny which serve ns an nppetidix to the above-mentioned sets t Why, that (lie l'orte, in order to strengthen the cause of order in Hungary, exprcMes its readiness to come to a friendly understanding with the imperini court before it set the captive iu question free, and that Ihe imperial govertimeutslioiilil therelore express lis view in Hie mailer, aud communicate 11a determination. It is clear llieii, that according to the declaration (be Sultan and ol his ministers, the meaning of theso words cannot be understood by the imperial cabinet, or any impartial patties, in any other way thnn that the conhiiemeiil (tHtermrunft) snoiiid cease oniy on nn joint determination ot the two powers. Ihe untie signed nn on Several occasion mm uie oooor 10 m-i thu Turkish minister un this subject declare thai their soul ihey had no doubts on this point; and hi highness Ueschid Pacini assured him at ihu commencement ul lust summer, that the l'orte did not intend Ii; set the prisoner of Kulithia free without the consent of thn iioiierisl cabinet. And now what happens f The Austrian mint de clares that order in Hunanrv lias not vet reached tli state when It becomes possible to let Kossuth loose without danger to the pence ol it 10 Kingdom. 1 ne im perial Court consider itself ahme competent tnjndgi of the luteninl slate of ils provinces; but il assures ihnt, n soon ns the moment arrive, it will hasten in inform the Porte, nnd it will then make un opposition to the cessation of the imprisonment of the Hungarians. In tlie menu time, ihe Hun lime l'orte, under nil manner of pretexts, and tnking up its position on an inter-pretalion of tho agreement which has not been assented to hy ihe imperial cabinet, resolves no longer to take account ol eiiunuemciits which it entered inlo iu ihe most solemn manner, nor hold ine righteous and well-nroutiiled ohiectlons mnde by its proposed course II persists 111 IIS lniennon 10 am ni inn-ny noasuui mm hia danucmiiB companions, at the very moment when his imperial Majesty ha sought to give lo his Sove- reioti neii'lihor new iimoia 01 in aim 10 iiiniiimm good understanding with him, In the nomination of Count Hecbbclg to ine poiioi coargeu anairv uiuoii-taniiimple.On all these crounds, and in consideration Ihnt Ihe Sublime Porte tins proceeded so far ns to commence I pelled to protest ngninst ihe liberation of Kussutb and itiO oilier detenu 01 ine aforementioned cny. lue undersigned repeats bis declaration which he took oc casion to make 011 the 17th of February of this year, namely, that Iho departure of any of ihe detained persons from Kulahin without the previously obtuiued ac quiescence of the imperial Austrian government will be regarded as a breacii oi the agreement couciuued between Austria and Turkey upon ihe subject of their detention, a an event which must draw after it the lesiruction of that good understanding which has hith erto existed between the two governments. It is impossible that tbe Sublime Porte can shut its eyes to the fact that by such a misapprehension uf its duties (a well of the dictate of a wise policy) such a flu g rati t repudiation of its own aiaurauce, iuch complete obliviousness of all the proof's of real friendship evinced by ihe imperial government, which till the nu lla is ol its history, the most pamlul necessities win be imposed on this court, arising out of it doubt of ihe sincerity uf the intentions of Ihe Sublime l'orte, while finally such a proceeding a that now complained of, win completely jimmy Austria in presence 01 impending ing questions, tu consider nothing but her own interest in tier relation with the Turkish empire. 1 lie undersigned has the honor, &c, Bujukdere, July SO, 1851. Edward Klezi, The following is the reply of the Turkish Miuister of Foreign Affaires: TURKEY TO AUSTRIA. His majesty, the Sultan, has taken cognizance of the various verbal communications, and of thooflieial note of July t!0th, of the present year, iu which your Excellency, the Charge d'Atlaires, has nidified my that the resolve of tho Sublime Porte to set nt liberty the Magyar fugitive now at Kutahia, at the beginning of Sep tember, nas not Uie acquiescence ol 11 m imperial Ma jesty. The friendship which ha existed lor centuries between tlie Sublime Porte and the Austrian Court, tu maintain which is, even upon the ground of territorial proximity, bo much the interest of both States Ihe friendship upt;u which the Sublime Porte basal ways set 1 lie highest value, it han always sought to preserve, hy averting every occurrence that could cause ils inter ruption. 1 um not uuie lo express Willi anllu-lelil lorce how greatly iho Government of the Sultan regret the ditlerence of opinion which has lately divided the two cabinet on the subjects discussed iu your last note. The Sublime Porte entertains the hopo that the cabinet of Vienna will finally acknowledge the frankness and honesty which has uniformly characterized it proceedings in this matter, and will put away all those prejudicial suspicion which, from the terms uf Ihe commu nication ul July 20, it would seem tho imperial cabinet was ihen inclined to entertain. For, iu fact, it is not until all engagement taken by the Sultan's cabinet have been punctually fulfilled, nnd nfter taking most anxious measures lor carrying out the sale guurdiau-ship of thu fugitives, that the sublime Porte hn deter mined to remove them Irom its territories, considering their detention no longer necessary. We find it hard to believe that any one can with fairness characterize ibis resolution as a breach of llio engagements entered into with respect to the refugees, lour Excellency hn taken occasion, in ihe note of July ihe 2!nh, to allude to ancient treuiies and also to the written asstir-runce given hy the Sultnu to his Majesty, the Emperor. on this subject. But it is lupeitbious at this time of day to reler back tu those oid treaties, since the moat explicit declarations havo been long ago made to the Imperial Court as to the limits within which these en gagements were and were not 10 find iheir application. A lo Ihe letter of the Sultan to the Emperor, it con lain no more than the assurmice that the refugee should be so guarded that ft should not be in their power to di- iuio ine tranquility oi ms ninjesiy dominion. The note addressed by the Turkish cabinet tn the Austrian internuncio, April 0, 18.10, to which your Excellency finally appeal, and which contain in the must express term the promise of the Sublime Porte, slate that, "nfierthe restoration of older in Hungary, the Porte, before setting ihe Magyar refugee at liberty, will inform the Austrian government of its intention, mid endeavor to procure im sanction for the act." Now, tranquility hn long been re-established in Hungary; and, if there are mme few still occupied with project of disorder, yet they are not, by the express admission of the internuncio, in a situation to excite an insurrection. Besides, one might wait in vain for ihe time when no person in Hungary could reasonably he suspected of evil project, since iu all time and countries there exist such. But although the Sublime l'orte has for a long time thought that it might liberate tho refugee without injury 10 any, yet it has not refused, upon representations made to it, to protract somewhat ihe period nl llieir detention, a proof of the neighborly feelings it cherished towards Austria. This alone uid lliebulilimo I'orle undertake 111 Un engagement with Aumlr'mtu walch over the refugees In it own Stntes, so long as any rc-kindling of insurrection wouiu ne lea red irom (Hem. Hut 11, on the one liund, a friendly feeling let! it to undertake and fulfill that onerous tusk, the Sublime Porte expect, on the other hand , that, in consideration of such self abnegation, the An, trian government will not claim indelintlely to prolong mi unpleasant state of things, from which nothing but embarrassment nnd misunderstandings are tn be an- prelietiited. II thus, at length, the Butt! line rorte hn felt itself compelled to liberate tins HetenuM at tbe beginning of September, it whs not wiibout the complete conviction that, looking nt tho subjected sinte of Hun gary, no necessity tor their further detention exists, nnd that the Porta bus fulfilled its utmost duty, of which conviction the Imperial court wo informed without de lay, and it acquiescence 111 the same solicited. Coming to ils engagements, the Government of bis Majesty ihe Sultan does not surrender tlie hope ihat, niter a candid reconsideration of the fads, and a just appreciation of what must obviously be the desire of the Sublime l'orte, to put an end to a situation fraught with dilliculiies and dangers, the Imperial cabinet will at- tHiu to ihe conviction thut the Sultan cannot depart truin the resolution he bus takeu. 1 have the honor, Ac, ALI PACHA. Constantinople, August l(i. To this note the Auairiun internuncio forwarded tbe Mowing reply: " With the deepest regret has thu undersigned. Charir d'Atlaires uf hi Majesty Iho Emperor of Austria, at ihe high Ottoman Forte, leuru r u' Mtijcsi' --i'hiMcr ot roreign A flairs, that tile government 01 um 1 one hmii in ua reaoiuimu to set at liberty, nn the 1st of September, Kossuth and the other refugees nt Kutahia, without considering ihe validity ot the weighty reasons urged oy me government of hislmpeiinl Majesty in favor of a prolongation 01 ineir counnemein. 1 no umieraiguru must repeat the protestations roiitnined iu his note ol ihe 29ib of July, Addressed 10 Ali Pacha, and at the snme time hold the Sublime Porte answerable to the Austrian govern-ineulforall the consequences of the liberation of the said refugees without Ihe concurrence ul the Imperial Court. I havo the honor. Ac EDWARD KLEZI. Dujukdere, Aug. 18, 18,11." Frem the Albany Dutchman.) Crumbs for nil kinds of Chickens. ob In say that beauties generally die old maids. I hey set such a va'tie un themselves, ihnt they don't Hud a purchaser until the maiket is closed. Out of a dozen beauties who have come out within ihe pateigh teen years, eleven, be says, still occupy single beds. They spend iheir days iu working green dogs 011 yellow wool while llieir evening uro devoted tu low spirits and Tuper's Philosophy, To Srurr a Goose. Catch a Cockney and till hint to the chin wiih Munchausen stnrie about the Far West nnd slave Slates makinu him believe that all ihe Courts held iu Arkansas are held in bar rooms while the Southern Stales are so cruel to the " wool growers," Ihat whenever a ' nigger " gols too old fur work, they make him into soup to lecd the juveniles on. Do this, and when the goose returns to England, he will be in-slniilly caught by " one of the large publication house," and served up lo the public with plates, and that pecu liar Rind 01 aaiice mown as Joiin nun. From mine cause or other, wedding nre very bd for iho eyes. The moment the knot is lied, the brides maid and two mints ami a mother rush into ihe hnll 1-riMJin, and have " u good cry for hour together. Whv a poor devil' promise to pay " a young woman' hourd hill" should uperutn thu on the "finer feeling of nature," puz.les ua to divine. There was a snmple of lace at the World's Fair, so fine that it appeared like mist. We should 'ut wonder if It wn, the lirst lime a pickpocket got near it. AnMiRAnt.E With Boston critics, nnylhina publish ed in Massachusetts, Shockitig Anything published anywhere else. noor or Ihsanitt. One of our court decided the other day, that a man was Insane, because he paid money to a lawyer wiiuoui inamg a receipt,' Girls who "ain't" handsome, hide thoso who are while those who are handsome bate 0110 another. Which class has ihe best lime of it T A late philosopher says that if anything will make a woman swear, it is looking lor her night-cap alter the lamp's blown out. To rtiRK thk Itch Swallow a cat tail foremost. Statisticians inf. tip us ihata woman's chance of getting married last its maximum between the age of twenty and Iwenly-tive. Alier thirty, her chance a noglit have heen supposed, dwiudM away lo tent; hence the grent length ol time thai most ladie take m arriving at that age. The packing of pork has commenced In Cincinnati, aud a large uuuiber of bogs are slaughtered daily. A nuiuber of ileamboat oaptuin, sojourning in Cincinnati, have entered into a solemn compact to abstain from the use of intoxicating liquor. The LrtrhiV !Prn7 for November has been received by TiiKNRiiitK and is for sale at bis Depot. Call, belore Iliey are nit gone. Burglaries nre very frequent now in Cincinnati. The police mistrust the presence uf a lurgeuumber ul Eastern rogues iu the city. The Kentucky Legislature meet in a few dnys, and one of their lint acts will be to elect a United Stales Senator. Hit first class ocenn steamers left the port of New York last Saturday afternoon. Two of them Wera for