① After high concentration phosgene, the survival time in the hyperxia solution treated group was insignificantly prolonged as compared with those in the phosgene group and balanced salt control group (8.0±2.0), (6.45±1.99), (6.55±1.89) hours.

The low concentration phosgene group in which mice were exposed to 14.88 mg/L phosgene was subdivided into two groups with 10 mice in each: balanced salt control group and hyperxia solution treated group, the mice were given 0.05 mL/g balanced salt or hyperxia solution perfused via stomach at 1, 3 and 5 hours after phosgene respectively.

② In the low concentration phosgene group, the PaO2 in the balanced salt control group was progressively decreased, pulmonary coefficient and serum content of TNF-α were increased, the GSH content in lung tissue was decreased and MDA content was increased, which were significantly different from those in the normal control group (P < 0.05 or 0.01).

The MDA content in lung tissue and serum content of TNF-α in the hyperxia solution treated group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the balanced salt control group (P < 0.01), but the GSH content had no obvious change.

The results of Na + and Cl - contents in the leaf secretion and inside the leaf showed that the glandular hair executed the function of salt_secretion, and when treated with the salt gland inhibitor the salt_secretion process was inhibited. As a result, Na + and Cl - were mainly accumulated inside G.

The effects of exogenousethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and ethephon ongermination of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ) seeds under saline and nonsalinecondition were studied. Under nonsaline condition the addition of exogenous ethylene promoted germination ofalfalfa seeds, but did not affect the final gertmination rate (Fig. 1 ). Salinity severely inhibited germination of alfalfa seeds. The addition of 1 to 50 μl/L (v/v) ethylene to the atmospheresurrounding the seeds significantly alleviated...

The effects of exogenousethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and ethephon ongermination of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ) seeds under saline and nonsalinecondition were studied. Under nonsaline condition the addition of exogenous ethylene promoted germination ofalfalfa seeds, but did not affect the final gertmination rate (Fig. 1 ). Salinity severely inhibited germination of alfalfa seeds. The addition of 1 to 50 μl/L (v/v) ethylene to the atmospheresurrounding the seeds significantly alleviated the inhibition of seed germination by NaCl (Fig. 2). So did the addition of ACC(0. 1￣5. 0 mmol/L, Fig.3) or ethephon (5 - 100 mg/L, Fig.6) to the incubation medium. Kinetin(KT) had the similar effect, and inaddition it could enhance the ethyleneproduction in g6rminating seeds. Acombination of ACC and KT synergistically promoted germination of under stress condition (Fig. 4). A enhancement of ethylene production occurred under NaCl stress in the presence of KT + ACC (Fig. 5 ). Alfalfaseeds soaked in 0. 25 mol NaCl/L solution for 72 h did not germinate at all.However, the seeds soaked in 0. 25mol NaCl/L solution for 8, 12, 24,48 and 72 h begun to germinate whenever oxogenous ethylene was added(Fig. 8). Under salinity sirers throughethylene or ethephon treatment promoted seed germination, it reduced theshoot fresh weight and hypocotyllength of gertininated seeds as compered with control (-NaCl).

Backgroud Iodine deficiency is the main cause for potentially preventable mental retardation in childhood and is still prevalent in large parts of the world. Objectives To assess the effects of iodised salt in comparison with other forms of iodine supplementation or placebo in the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, the Register of Chinese trials developed by the Chinese Cochrane Centre, and the Chinese Med Database. We performed handsearching...

Backgroud Iodine deficiency is the main cause for potentially preventable mental retardation in childhood and is still prevalent in large parts of the world. Objectives To assess the effects of iodised salt in comparison with other forms of iodine supplementation or placebo in the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, the Register of Chinese trials developed by the Chinese Cochrane Centre, and the Chinese Med Database. We performed handsearching of a number of journals (Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases, Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, and Studies of Trace Elements and Health up to February 2001), and searched reference lists, databases of ongoing trials and the Internet. Date of latest search: November 2001. Selection Criteria We included prospective controlled studies of iodised salt versus other forms of iodine supplementation or placebo in people living in areas of iodine deficiency. Studies reported mainly goitre rates and urinary iodine excretion as outcome measures. Data collection & analysis As the studies identified were not sufficiently similar and not of sufficient quality, we did not do a meta-analysis but summarised the data in a narrative format. Main results We found six prospective controlled trials relating to our question. Four of these were described as randomised controlled trials, one was a prospective trial that did not specify allocation to comparison groups, and one was a large population-based study comparing different interventions. Comparison interventions included non-iodised salt, iodised water, iodised oil, iodation with potassium iodide versus potassium iodate. Numbers of participants in the trials ranged from 35 to 334; over 20 000 people were included in the population-based study. There was a tendency towards goitre reduction with iodised salt, although this was not significant in all studies. There was also an improved iodine status in most studies (except in small children in one of the studies), although urinary iodine excretion did not always reach the levels recommended by the WHO. Reviewers' conclusions The results suggest that iodised salt is an effective and safe means of improving iodine status. However, high quality controlled studies are needed to address questions of dosage and best means of iodine supplementation in different population groups.

Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. plants living in saline soil in three provinces of China were treated with different salinity concentrations under different laboratory culture conditions (including solution, sand and field cultivation). The attachment shape and distribution on the surface of stalk and leaf of G. soja plants were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ultrastructure of glandular hair with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Na + and Cl - contents in the secretion of...

Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. plants living in saline soil in three provinces of China were treated with different salinity concentrations under different laboratory culture conditions (including solution, sand and field cultivation). The attachment shape and distribution on the surface of stalk and leaf of G. soja plants were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ultrastructure of glandular hair with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Na + and Cl - contents in the secretion of the leaf surface and inside the leaf of G. soja subjected to different treatments were measured. The Na + relative contents in glandular cells, epidermal cells and mesophyllous cells of leaves under different salinities were determined by X_ray microanalysis. Results show that only glandular and epidermal hair exist on the surface attachments of leaves and stalks of G. soja plants. These glandular hair were similar in shape to some salt glands of Gramineae halophytes, and they attached to the vein on the leaf surface. The cell structure of the glandular hair showed the characteristics of common salt glands, such as big vacuoles, dense cytoplasm, a great deal of mitochondria, chloroplast, plasmodesmata and thicker cell walls, etc. The results of Na + and Cl - contents in the leaf secretion and inside the leaf showed that the glandular hair executed the function of salt_secretion, and when treated with the salt gland inhibitor the salt_secretion process was inhibited. As a result, Na + and Cl - were mainly accumulated inside G. soja leaves. The results of Na + X_ray microanalysis under different salinities proved that the three cells of the glandular hair, especially the top cell, possessed strong competence for Na + accumulation. Above all, the glandular hair were the salt gland, and no other kind of salt glands were found on G. soja plants. The secreting mechanism of the salt gland was also discussed.