6 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comDeception - SPJFrequency Memory LoopLimited delay due to noise build-up after few times around loop, generally 10 us maxRestricted to down-range false targets onlyNegated by leading edge track, guard gatesAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

7 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comDeception - DRFMDRFMIndefinite delay, enables full PRI delay so up-range false targets are possibleInitially developed for pulsed Doppler radarOk for high PRF constant PRI modesRendered ineffective by pulse-pulse agility common in low or medium PRF modesAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

8 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comProblem - AgilityPRI Agility:Limits deception based system to down range capabilityRF Agility:Noise jamming requires high power / wide bandwidthAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

9 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comStaggered PRIAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

11 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comPRI PredictionTo take full advantage of DRFM, TOA of next pulse is requiredEven with prediction, need to adjust DRFM delay for each pulseHence, need to closely integrate techniques generator with PredictorAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

16 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comSine RF, Staggered PRIAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

17 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comSine RF, Staggered PRIAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

18 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comRF AgilityWith RF prediction in addition to PRI prediction:Fast tuning VCO can be used to generate consistent false targetsSwitch frequency at halfway point in PRIAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

19 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comWhy RF Prediction?Because DRFM generates false targets by delaying a copy of the previous radar pulse, any RF agility is fatalEven with prediction, up-range false targets are at the wrong frequencyWide Bandwidth / High Power needed for noise jammingAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

46 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comPrediction ChallengeAccounting for Dropped and Interfering PulsesInterference can be removed using:RF, AOA, PW or Expected Time of ArrivalMissing Pulses can be Added using:Expected Time of ArrivalFiltering by Expected TOA Makes SenseAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

47 Pulse Train De-interleavingMultiple parallel PRI prediction channels permit real time de-interleavingSignals present on their own at least part of the time for pattern acquisitionMultiple scanning emitters, even with 1 or 2 non-scanning emittersCan select single emitter to jam based on PRI, PW and pattern lengthOr timeshare, first come first servedAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

48 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comTDD Time DomainDe-interleavingAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

49 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comTDD ResultsAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

50 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comTDD ResultsAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

59 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comApplication: Head to TailAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

60 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comApplication: CRBMAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

61 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comApplication: RGPI >> PRIAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

62 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comApplication: ESM / RWRA Multi-Channel Predictor used to de-interleave the Received Video could greatly speed up the identification of threats in order to begin jamming soonerPredictor could act as a real-time filter for known emitters and enable the ESM / RWR system to process the unknown fasterAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at

67 Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.comAcknowledgementThe authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of the other members of the MC Countermeasures team including:Dan GriseColin JacksonAOC Virginia Beach 2005Visit us at