Due to the continuing development every year, China has become the largest market and world factory. It used to be a conservative and self-reliant socialist country. However, China has broken such an image since Deng Shiao-ping practiced the “open-up” policy in 1978. In order to sustain the stable development, the demand of oil which is the critical natural resource for each industrialized country must be sufficient. On the other hand, the origin of oil has to be stable and diversified.

Since the 21st century, China has maintained frequent political and economic interactions with Latin American countries. For Latin America also has abundant oil reserve, the incentive drives China to keep close political and economic relationship with Latin American countries.

The purpose of this study is to realize how China exercises its oil diplomacy in Latin America in accordance with globalization. Besides, the international effects among Sino-Latin American relations, Sino-US relations, Sino-Taiwan relations and rising with peace or with pursuing hegemony also become the main issues which are investigated in this study.

Actually China does not officially practice its oil diplomacy in Latin America, there is no denied that China does make some efforts on energy issue in Latin America. Although China’s oil dimplomacy seems to be un-harmful so far, with China’s boosting economic development and its rising national power, people especially Taiwanese should keep alert to the next move of China. Otherwise, relative countries around the world will miss the best time to react to the whole situation.