soot wide, and nine deep. Let the sides of
the Ditch be perpendicular, so that it may be
us broad at the bottom as the top; but where
the soil is loose, you may allow a sinali (lope,
running somewhat narrower toward9 the bottom.
In a Plain, or a low situation, fill your Ditch with
Water brought from soine River, Lake, or Sea :
but if this cannot be tffessed slrew all the bottom
With Iharp points of Heel and caltrops, and fix
up and down a good number of Hakes with their
ends smoothed and Iharpened, to keep oil" the
Enemy. Having compleated your Ditch, make
your Rampart so thick, that it may not be to be
iliaken by every little military Engine, and so
high as to be above-the reach of the grappling
Hooks, and even of Darts thrown by the hand.
The earth dug otit of the Foss lies very con-
venient and ready at hand for making up the
Rampart. The Ancients for that Work very
much commended Turfs dug out of the meadows
with the grass upon them, the Roots Whereof
fallen them very llrongly together. Others in-
termix them with twigs of green Oziers, which
rtrike their Roots into the Rampart, and by the
contexture os their Fibres ilrengthen the whole
work. Along the inward edge of the Foss and
the outside of the Rampart let thorns, Ipikes,
tenter-hooks and the like, to retard the Enemy
in his ascent. Let the top of the Rampart be
girt with a strong frame of Timbers joyned to
one another crossways like aCornilh, with hurdles
and earth well ramm'd in together between them ;
and upon these raise your battlements, and slick
in forked palisadoes like ssag's horns. Ih a word,
let every thing be so contrived in this kind of
Structure, as to make it difficult to be either
undermined, thrown down, or mounted ; and
to prote£l the Soldier who is to defend it.
Upon the edge of this Rampart eress Towers at
the dillance os every hundred feet, and especially
in such parts as are mod likely to be attacked,
where they ought to (land closer and be built
higher that they may the more effessually annoy
the enemy, when he attempts to make his Way
into the Camp. Let the Pratorium, or Gene-
ral's Tent, and the gate looking towards the
enemy, as also that in the back of the Camp,
which two gates tised formerly to be call'd
the porta Qitintanaj and the porta Decumana, be
placed in the ssrongell parts of the Camp, and
lye convenient for making any sudden sally with
the Army, or bringing in of Prdvisions, or giving
a ready retreat to your own men. All these
conveniences belong more particularly to a ila-