Massachusetts was the first state to organize an association of women opposed to suffrage. MAOFESW (Massachusetts Association Opposed to the Further Extension of Suffrage to Women) was founded in 1882, and for the next 38 years, the “Antis” and men worked jointly to keep Massachusetts women from having the right to vote.

In 1915, an amendment was proposed to the Massachusetts Constitution that would strike the word “male” from wording that guaranteed the right to vote. Pro-suffrage victory parades were held in Boston on May 2, 1914 and Oct. 16, 1915, but MAOFESW mailed a pamphlet to every voter titled “The Case Against Woman Suffrage” equating women’s suffrage with socialism.

On November 2, 1915, Massachusetts men rejected universal suffrage with only 35% voting yes.

It was on the national stage that suffrage finally prevailed. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibiting the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex was submitted by Congress on June 4, 1919. Massachusetts was the eighth State to ratify, with the MA Senate voting 34 aye, 5 no. Although the South was almost unanimous in opposition, Harry T. Burn broke a tie in the Tennessee House of Representatives by changing his vote to support ratification, providing the 36th and final state needed to ratify the amendment. Two days later, the 19th Amendment was declared an official part of the United States Constitution.

“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”

19th Amendment to the United States Constitution

The 19th Amendment was adopted on August 18, 1920, and on November 2, 1920 Massachusetts women for the first time cast their votes in a federal election.