2Why interest in front end?Front end of machine is wherecurrents and duty cycles are set for whole machinebeam quality is set for whole machineUKNF: 5 MW — Front end must be good!Multi-megawatt proton accelerators are newNeutrino factoriesNeutron sources, transmutation, tritium, energy, etc.1 W/m loss max., ~10—7 loss per metreStrong overlap

16Front end test stand at RALSix-year programme to buildCosted on basis of test stand already built and working~£4½M equipment~80 staff-yearsRAL + university staffPhysics and engineering of real accelerator facility