2 % say Muslim Americans Face A Lot of Discrimination After Boston, Little Change in Views of Islam and Violence The public s views of whether Islam is more likely than other religions to encourage violence have changed little in the aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombings. Currently, 42% say Islam is more likely than other religions to encourage violence among its believers, while 46% say Islam does not encourage violence more than other religions. Public Remains Divided over Whether Islam Encourages Violence More than Other Religions The Islamic religion Mar 2002 July 2003 Aug 2007 Aug 2009 Mar 2011 May 2013 % % % % % % Is more likely than others to encourage violence among its believers Doesn t encourage violence more than other religions Other/Don t know PEW RESEARCH CENTER May 1-5, Figures may not add to 100% because of rounding. These are similar to opinions about Islam and violence for most of the past decade. But in March 2002, six months after the 9/11 attacks, just 25% said Islam was more likely to encourage violence while 51% disagreed. The new national survey by the Pew Research Center, conducted May 1-5 among 1,504 adults, finds that finds sizable demographic and religious differences in attitudes toward Islam and violence. And the partisan gap is as large as ever: 62% of Republicans say that Islam encourages violence more than other religions, compared with 39% of independents and just 29% of Democrats. Most Republicans Say Islam is More Likely to Encourage Violence Percent saying the Islamic religion is more likely than others to encourage violence among its believers Republican Independent Democrat PEW RESEARCH CENTER May 1-5, 2013.

3 2 The survey also finds that Muslim Americans are seen as facing more discrimination than some other groups in society, including gays and lesbians, Hispanic Americans, African Americans and women. Overall, 45% say that Muslim Americans face a lot of discrimination, and 28% say they are subject to some discrimination. Only about one-in-five say that Muslim Americans face only a little (13%) or no discrimination (6%). How Much Discrimination Is There Against A lot Some Only a little None at all DK Muslim Americans Gays and lesbians Hispanic Americans About four-in-ten (39%) say that gays and lesbians face a African Americans lot of discrimination. Smaller percentages say that Women Hispanic Americans (25%), African Americans (22%) PEW RESEARCH CENTER May 1-5, Figures may not add to 100% because of rounding. and women (15%) face a lot of discrimination.

4 3 Opinions about Islam and Violence Most young people continue to reject the idea that Islam is more likely than other religions to encourage violence among its believers. Six-inten (60%) of those younger than 30 say Islam does not encourage violence more than other religions, as do 54% of those 30 to 49. By contrast, about half of those 50 to 64 (51%) and 65 and older (53%) say that Islam is more likely to encourage violence. There also are gender differences in these opinions: By 48% to 39%, men say Islam is more likely than other religions to encourage violence; women, by 52% to 35%, disagree. The wide partisan differences in these opinions are even starker among ideological groups: Fully 69% of conservative Republicans say Islam encourages violence more than other religions. About the same percentage of liberal Democrats (71%) say that Islam is no more likely than other religions to encourage violence. Among religious groups, most white evangelical Protestants (63%) say that Islam is more likely than other religions to encourage violence. White Catholics are divided (43% more likely, 43% not more likely). Most Young People Reject Link Between Islam and Violence Is Islam more likely than other religions to encourage violence among its believers? More likely Not more likely % % Total Men Women White Black Hispanic College grad Some college High school or less Conservative Republican Mod/Lib Republican Independent Cons/Mod Democrat Liberal Democrat Protestant White evangelical White mainline Catholic White Catholic Unaffiliated PEW RESEARCH CENTER May 1-5, Whites and blacks include only those who are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. Figures read across, percent volunteering no opinion or other views not shown. By 53% to 40%, white mainline Protestants say Islam does not encourage violence more than other religions. The balance of opinion is similar among the religiously unaffiliated (54% to 35%).

5 4 Views of Discrimination against Muslim Americans, Other Groups There are sizable partisan differences in views of discrimination against Muslim Americans and other groups included in the survey. Nearly twice as many Democrats (57%) as Republicans (29%) say Muslim Americans face a lot of discrimination. About half of independents (47%) say the same. Democrats also are more likely than Republicans to see a lot of discrimination against Hispanics (by 23 points), African Americans (22 points), gays and lesbians (19 points) and women (11 points). Age also is a factor in these opinions: About half of those under 30 (51%) and (49%) say there is a lot of discrimination against Muslim Americans. That compares with 42% of those and just 35% of those 65 and older. Perceptions of Discrimination Vary Widely by Partisanship, Age, Race % saying each group faces a lot of discrimination Muslims Gays Hispanics Blacks Women % % % % % Total Republican Democrat Independent Rep-Dem diff Young-old diff White Black Hispanic White-black diff PEW RESEARCH CENTER May 1-5, Whites and blacks include only those who are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. There also are substantial differences between the youngest and oldest age groups in perceptions of discrimination against gays and lesbians: 51% of those younger than 30 think there is a lot of discrimination against gays and lesbians, compared with 28% of those 65 and older. Notably, blacks, whites and Hispanics are all about equally likely to say there is a great deal of discrimination against Muslim Americans (47% of blacks and Hispanics and 45% of whites). When it comes to perceptions of discrimination against blacks and Hispanics, however, the differences are much greater. Nearly half of blacks (46%) say there is a lot of discrimination against African Americans, compared with a quarter of Hispanics (25%) and 16% of whites.

6 5 About four-in-ten blacks (43%) and Hispanics (38%) say there is a lot of discrimination against Hispanic Americans, compared with 20% of whites. Notably, blacks are about as likely to say there is a lot of discrimination against Muslim Americans (47%) and Hispanic Americans (43%) as against African Americans (46%). Far more whites see a lot of discrimination against Muslim Americans than either Hispanic Americans (20%) or African Americans (16%).

7 6 About the Survey The analysis in this report is based on telephone interviews conducted May 1-5, 2013 among a national sample of 1,504 adults, 18 years of age or older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (751 respondents were interviewed on a landline telephone, and 753 were interviewed on a cell phone, including 401 who had no landline telephone). The survey was conducted by interviewers at Princeton Data Source under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International. A combination of landline and cell phone random digit dial samples were used; both samples were provided by Survey Sampling International. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Respondents in the landline sample were selected by randomly asking for the youngest adult male or female who is now at home. Interviews in the cell sample were conducted with the person who answered the phone, if that person was an adult 18 years of age or older. For detailed information about our survey methodology, see The combined landline and cell phone sample are weighted using an iterative technique that matches gender, age, education, race, Hispanic origin and nativity and region to parameters from the 2011 Census Bureau's American Community Survey and population density to parameters from the Decennial Census. The sample also is weighted to match current patterns of telephone status and relative usage of landline and cell phones (for those with both), based on extrapolations from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. The weighting procedure also accounts for the fact that respondents with both landline and cell phones have a greater probability of being included in the combined sample and adjusts for household size among respondents with a landline phone. Sampling errors and statistical tests of significance take into account the effect of weighting. The following table shows the unweighted sample sizes and the error attributable to sampling that would be expected at the 95% level of confidence for different groups in the survey: Group Unweighted sample size Plus or minus Total sample 1, percentage points Republicans percentage points Democrats percentage points Independents percentage points Sample sizes and sampling errors for other subgroups are available upon request. In addition to sampling error, one should bear in mind that question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls. Pew Research Center, 2013

8 7 PEW RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PEOPLE & THE PRESS MAY 2013 POLITICAL SURVEY FINAL TOPLINE May 1-5, 2013 N=1,504 QUESTIONS 1-5 HELD FOR FUTURE RELEASE NO QUESTIONS 6-8 ASK ALL: On a different subject Q.9 Please tell me how much discrimination there is against each of these groups in our society today. How about...[insert ITEM; RANDOMIZE]? Would you say there is a lot of discrimination, some, only a little, or none at all? And how much discrimination is there against [INSERT NEXT ITEM], [IF NECESSARY: a lot, some, only a little, or none at all]? A lot Some Only a little None at all (VOL.) DK/Ref a. African Americans May 1-5, Oct 28 Nov 30, 2009 (SDT) April b. Hispanic Americans May 1-5, Oct 28 Nov 30, 2009 (SDT) April c. Gays and lesbians May 1-5, Oct 28 Nov 30, 2009 (SDT) d. Women May 1-5, Oct 28 Nov 30, April e. Muslim Americans May 1-5, NO QUESTIONS 10-13, QUESTIONS 14, 17a, 17b HELD FOR FUTURE RELEASE 1 The April 2001 figures for Q.9 a, b and d are from a Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University survey.

10 9 PARTY/PARTYLN CONTINUED (VOL.) (VOL.) No Other (VOL.) Lean Lean Republican Democrat Independent preference party DK/Ref Rep Dem 2001 Pre-Sept ASK REPUBLICANS AND REPUBLICAN LEANERS ONLY (PARTY=1 OR PARTYLN=1) [N=600]: TEAPARTY3 From what you know, do you agree or disagree with the Tea Party movement, or don t you have an opinion either way? May 1-5 Mar Feb Jan Agree Disagree No opinion either way Haven t heard of (VOL.) Refused (VOL.) Key to Pew Research trends noted in the topline: (SDT) Pew Research Center s Social and Demographic Trends project

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