Martin Luther

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Transcript of Martin Luther

King Henry VIII and the English ReformationBackgroundRenaissanceGreat Western SchismRevoltsNation StatesChurch abusesEarly attemptsMartin Luther (1483-1546)Huldrych ZwingliBorn 1484University of Vienna and University of BaselOrdained and becomes a pastorHumanistPreached on scripture alone - Sola Scriptura 'Peoples Priest'Church and State work togetherPrinting PressJohannes Gutenberg (1398-1468) In Europe circa 1450Mass production of cheap booksBecame main communication formIncreased literacyLimited Church censorshipJohn CalvinProtestant Reformation (1517-ca. 1650)ResultsMartin Luther (cont.)Diet of Worms (April 1521)Translation of the Bible into GermanProtestant faith and Luther's theologyAnton Von Werner, 1877Born: Eisleben, Germany Augustinian MonkWittenberg University 95 Theses

RenaissanceGreat Western SchismRevoltsNation StatesChurch AbusesEarly Attempts1378-1417Split in the Roman Catholic ChurchCreation of two, and then three popesUrban VIClement VIIAlexander VEnded at Council of ConstanceCheckpointCreation of TownsChange to a money economyCommercializationResentment of SerfdomUsually held religious undertonesClerical ranks and paying for jobsPope's powerMix up of ambitionsNot able to do jobs effectivelyHus (1369-1415)Wycliffe (1331-1384)Both were stopped by the ChurchThe Reformation did not appear out of nothingLuther was not the first to attempt reformNationalism played a large role in how the Reformation developedPropagandaUsed by the German ReformationSupported reform ideasUsed images as still low literacyCould be mass produced with wood cutoutsNew religions30 Years WarModern StatesEconomicsLiteratureModern StatesSeperation of the church and the stateCreated more political affiliationsStates acted in the interest of their peopleDecision not religiously motivatedBackgroundArthur, Henry's older brother who was heir to the throne.Henry had been raised to be given to the church.Died when he was 15, making Henry the new heir.Catherine of Aragon, Henry's 1st wifeArthur's widow"If a man marries his brother's wife, it is an act of impurity; he has dishonored his brother. They will be childless." (Leviticus 20:21)Problems BeginHenry wants a male heir.Believed that the aftermath of the War of the Roses required a strong male King.Catherine gives birth to Mary I, but fails to give Henry a son.German Literature Anti-Catholic writingTranslation of Bible into German1527, attempts to receive annulment from Pope Clement VIICited Leviticus and the violating of the sacredness of his older brother's marriage to Catherine as his main argument.The plan fails.Henry becomes interested in Anne Boleyn.1531 banishes Catherine from her quarters1533 marries Anne BoleynCatherine stripped of her title as Queen.Story of Doctor Faustus (Faustbuch)

Act in Restraint of Appeals 1532 (Appeals to Rome and the Pope concerning religious matters are now illegal, the King is now the ultimate authority)Act of Succession 1533 (Anne Boleyn's unborn child is new heir rather than Mary I)Acts of Supremacy 1534 (Henry is the leader of the Church of England, answers only to God, not the pope)Pope Clement VII then excommunicated King Henry VIII and Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury.AftermathPamphlets and theater propaganda to gain support for Henry's decisions1536 Dissolution of the Monasteries in England, Wales and IrelandMoney went to English governmentPrince Edward IQueen Mary I "Blood Mary"Elizabeth I "Elizabeth the Great"The Great Bible 1539The Common Book of Prayer 1549Made religion more accessible to the common English person, took authority away from the Pope and Catholic ChurchPolitically based, not due to religious difference.All in all....EconomicsMax Weber and "The Spirit of Capitalism"Developed in Europe What is it?Capitalism because of Protestantism???Ties into Calvininsm and "The Protestant Ethic"Lots of criticismBorn: July 10, 1509 in FranceLaw studentJoined cause of Reformation"Institutes of the Christian Religion"Religious Teachings and InfluenceEmphasized divine predestinationForced out of Geneva, went to Germany, invited back Calvin's governmentSpread throughout Europe with pastorsCheckpoint How did Calvin's beliefs differ from those of Luther?5 Points of CalvinismTotal depravityUnconditional electionLimited atonementIrresistible gracePerseverance of the saintsThe Thirty Years WarReformation had created fragmented Protestant and Catholic StatesHoly Roman Emperor Ferdinand II of Bohemia tried to force Catholicism upon all of his subjects 1618Moved his campaign into Germany to attack Protestant supportersThe power of the Holy Roman Empire was demolished, and Germany became several sovereign states, with the ability to choose their own religionHuldrych Zwingli (con't)67 Articles A true Christian communityMarburg ColloquyChristian Civic LeagueDied in battle 1531 - age 47Denominations As a Result of Protestantism The (Swiss) Reformed Church (Zwingli, Calvin)Anabaptists (Conrad Grebel - 1525)Lutherans (Martin Luther - 1517)Quakars (George Fox - 1648)Baptists (John Smyth - 1609)CheckpointCheckpointMartin Luther95 Theses Diet of Worms 1. The English Reformation was not based on theological disagreement.

2. England ultimately ended up staying protestant, even after the death of King Henry VIII.CheckpointEven before Luther posted his 95 theses, Zwingli openly opposed pilgrimages and indulgences

Protestantism opened the doorway to many Christian denominations. ThesisThe Reformation came about due to controversies in the Catholic Church which were instigated by the reformation leaders in Europe whose reforms created a plethora of wide ranging outcomes reflected throughout history and into society today.