gold leaf production

…into leaf is known as goldbeating and has undergone little change since antiquity. It begins with a small ingot, cast from gold alloyed with small amounts of silver and copper, that is rolled into a long ribbon having a thickness of only about 0.025 mm (0.001 inch). The ribbon is…

jewelry

…with the help of tools. Gold in its natural state was beaten while hot or cold and reduced to extremely thin sheets (this operation could be performed with stone hammers). The sheets were then cut into the desired sizes.

metalwork

Beating mint gold into leaves as thin as 1⁄280,000 inch (0.00001 centimetre) is done largely by hand, though machines are utilized to some extent. After being cut to a standard 37/8inches (9.84 centimetres) square, the leaves are packed between the tissue-paper leaves of small books,…

mosaics

…in it. The metal was gold leaf or, for the “silver,” probably tin. These pieces of mirror glass gave golden or white reflections of high intensity and could be used to depict objects of precious metal or to heighten the effect of other colours; but, above all, it was used…