All about Pugs

Pug – an ancient Chinese breed. In early Chinese manuscripts referred to “square, low dog with short snout”. In China, there were dogs “Ha Pa” and “Luo Jie.” These two species are very similar and differ only in length coat. “Ha Pa” were longhair. Perhaps the ancestors of the pugs were “Luo Jie”, they were like Pekingese, but had short hair. Pugs were dogs of the nobility and lived in wealthy homes. In those days it was still pugs are not as deep wrinkles, but a clear pattern of folds on the forehead and was manifested similar to hieroglyphics. That is why the wrinkles on the forehead pug named Imperial sign. Pug came to France with the Turkish fleet in 1553. Later, the breed became a favorite in the Netherlands, where its color likened colors of the ruling House of Orange. When William III of Orange became the English king, he and his wife Maria II in 1689 brought pugs from the Netherlands. This breed was very popular about two centuries. But gradually it became less pugs. In 1864, for the British Queen Victoria, who wishes to have around this breed, hardly spotted a dog. After 20 years, the first club was established pug lovers, and because of it the breed began to improve and acquire those standards, which are still regarded in these dogs. The first wife of Napoleon, the Empress Josephine, was beloved pug named “Fortune”.
Pug – little lapdog, which has long been held to know. A dog with a lively, cheerful and with a balanced character, noble and affectionate to the master. Pugs live 13-15 years.

Diseases of the Dog.

Demodekoz.
The real scourge of the past decade has demodicosis (Zheleznitsa). The causative agent of this disease – a microscopic mite Demodex canis, a parasite that is in the hair follicles, sweat, sebaceous glands, and lymph.
KNOW that the agent of demodectic mange in cats, dogs and people of different.
Most dogs suffer from demodex short-haired breeds (especially pugs) and, as a rule, young: 6-15 months. Carriage of Demodex mites for a healthy dog is seen by many European physicians as normal.
Veterinarians have come to the conclusion that the animals are susceptible to demodicosis with weakened immune systems.
A healthy dog with intact skin cover is not sick, even during close contact with sick animals.
Acne is manifested in two forms: scaly and pustular.
If any suspicions of disease to make a study of the skin scraping under a microscope.

Acne is treated.
Important – please be patient, because treatment of demodicosis lasts long enough (two months or more, depending on the severity).

About furious.
Rabies – a severe infection, which suffer from all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Treatment of rabies no.
In areas of the country where the forests have rabies virus infection are the main carrier of cats and stray dogs. They do not wear a leash and do not block the way to the forest fence. Rabid animals – rodents, foxes, badgers often bite livestock grazing in the fields, and stray animals. That’s homeless cats and dogs, abandoned by people to their fate, are especially dangerous in the presence of rabies virus, they do not do forced vaccinations!
Once a year – spring, all dogs are doing vaccinated against rabies.

On the plague.
It is proved that all dogs, without exception, are subject to disease plague, like all people exposed to measles. Virologists in many countries have done a great job in the fight against epidemics. Sick dogs of all ages, but most young people (from 2 months to 2 years).
Recommended treatment of plague does not exist, the virus “decides” question, which authorities he hit. The most complex form – nervous. The largest percentage of death is in this form of plague.
Properly reared dogs – no worms, the raw meat, graft, with good-range – have the strength to fight infection. Where the body can not defend itself, the virus breaks a biological barrier of cells and penetrates it.
Above all, do not miss the beginning of the disease.
Remember. No vaccine does not guarantee absolute protection!

What could be a sign of an impending plague? The animal becomes lethargic, refuses food, the temperature sharply rises above 40 degrees, the worse your breath, wheezing occur, copious purulent discharge from the eyes, gray powder on the nose (nose sprinkled with ashes), fever, discharge from the nose, trembling of the hind limbs, vomiting, diarrhea , photophobia (the dog blinks, rammed into the darkness.) But these symptoms may not be. So if your dog’s illness lasts two or three days, consult a doctor, he was diagnosed.
Treatment in each case, you will appoint a physician.
Plague – an insidious disease. Leaking is easy in the beginning, it is dangerous severe complications.

Parvovirus enteritis.
Parvovirus enteritis – highly contagious viral disease characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa. In young dogs, especially in young puppies, enteritis accompanied by myocarditis (heart muscle damage). Dogs of all ages are susceptible, especially puppies from two weeks to a year.
The first symptoms – lethargy, refusal to feed the puppy tries to lie on his stomach on a cold surface, appears Xia vomiting foam, diarrhea with a very specific smell. First, vomiting and diarrhea are rare, then – indomitable. Against this background of rapidly developing dehydration, which causes shock and death. The disease sometimes develops so rapidly that the loss of every hour can cost the life of the animal.

With careful attention to your pet, the beginning of the disease can be recognized in the first hours. Do not forget! The puppy lives a day for two weeks of life! Does the baby survives, depends on your competent and decisive action in the early hours, not days of sickness. In your vetaptechke there are drugs that are needed to provide emergency assistance:
– The water is changed to a solution of Rehydron, slightly salted water, a weak solution of chamomile or yarrow, 1 teaspoonful every half hour;
– Hunger;
– Fosprenil (antiviral drug) – 1,2,3-day four times per dose intramuscularly, followed by the scheme (see the annotation of the drug: a dose – 0.1 ml per 1 kg of body weight. For example, the puppy weighs 3 kg therefore, a dose of 0.3 ml);
– Gala-Vet of 0.04 mg or 1 ml vitakana subcutaneously 3-4 times after 12-24 hours (immunomodulators);
– Sulfokamfokain of 0.1-0.3 ml (depending on age) subcutaneously two times a day (support the work of the heart and respiratory center);
– Raglan or tserukal (antiemetic) in 0.5 ml 2-3 times daily subcutaneous – when uncontrollable vomiting;
– Gamavit or amine in 0.5 mL 2 times a day subcutaneously (complex vitamin preparation for the immune system);
– A very desirable chloramphenicol succinate for injection – 25 mg per 1 kg body weight 2 times a day every 12 hours (a powerful antibiotic). If chloramphenicol is not, then gentametsin of 0.3-0.5 ml, depending on the age of 2 times a day intramuscularly;
Do not attempt to give a pill, they will cause only an attack of vomiting, further worsening the situation.
Be sure to find an opportunity to call a specialist, but do not lose at the same time – continue treatment. Depending on the severity of the disease, the individual characteristics of the body during treatment to make significant adjustments, but it can make a doctor.
At the end of the treatment the animal diet is needed.

Infectious hepatitis.
Contamination with the virus of infectious hepatitis is most susceptible youngsters aged up to one year, as well as weak and affected by helminths (worms) animals.
The disease usually begins with a gradually increasing weakness, the dog becomes inactive, refuses food, more lies, gets up with difficulty, his gait unsteady motion. Then there are the characteristic features of hepatitis B: vomiting of bile, unilateral or bilateral keratitis (whitish opacity of the cornea), and tonsillitis. Urine takes a dark brown color.
The disease occurs in the hyperacute, acute, subacute and chronic forms.
At the first sign to see a doctor.
In cases where the doctor is delayed, or visit a doctor for any reason impossible, begin treatment for yourself:
– Peace and warmth;
– Forcibly fed;
– Drink plenty of water (not water) solution Rehydron, a weak decoction of chamomile, yarrow, you can add 40% glucose, or a little honey;
– Immunnofan, ribotan, vitakan – any immunnomodulyator applied 3-4 times at intervals of 12-24 hours subcutaneously, depending on the severity of disease (these preparations contain a ready-made antibodies);
– Amine or gamavit (complex vitamins to support the immune system) in 0.5 ml 2-3 times a day subcutaneously;
– Fosprenil (an antiviral drug of broad-spectrum), the first day of a four-fold dose (see plague), followed by the scheme in the abstract;
– Furazolidone and 1/2 tablets, 2 times a day, or ftalazol 1/4 tablet 2 times a day, or chloramphenicol for 1/2 tablets 2 times a day (antibacterial drugs for the prevention of secondary infections);
– Analgin (as antipyretic at high temperature) in 0.3 mL 2 times a day;
– Raglan or tserukal (antiemetic) in 0.5 ml 2-3 times a day subcutaneously for uncontrollable vomiting;
– Sulfokamfokain of 0.1-0.3 ml 2 times a day subcutaneously for the maintenance of cardiac and respiratory activity.
Further treatment is coordinated with the attending physician.

Movement and gait.

Movement:
When viewed from the front should rise and fall, under shoulder. Feet pointing straight, not turning in or out. When viewed from behind the picture is similar. Forelegs move with a good, strong stroke. Hind legs move freely, with good mobility in the knee joints. For a typical gait, slight roll of hindquarters.

Comment. In contrast, bulldogs and Pekingese, whose front end is wider than the rear, and which have a tendency to “spin backwards” on the road, Pug moves differently. Gait must be springy pug and elegant. Movement of a pug is best can be described in such words as “rolling.” Free walk pug leaves a trace, slightly offset to the axis of the body. This equilibrium is reached. Pug as it balances around the center of gravity. When a pug makes the front leg, shoulder, for a moment, descends, and turns slightly swaying gait.

Proper motion pug

Limb movement will not turn inside, and the move is strictly a straight line. When you move from the hocks parallel to each other, they Postavy no cow, no barrel. When a pug comes towards you, it does not rakes legs and turns them.
Pug has to move around the ring on a loose leash and slowly. You can not run with the pug or the ring to drag him along on the leash taut.
Movements attach great importance to the examination at the shows. Even a properly built dog will not be able to obtain a good estimate, if not move correctly, and this requires the maintenance of a pug in show condition (do not overfeed and do not drain), and training. At the same time if the dog is badly built, it will move and the bad – no training, no quality content will not be able to give it a balanced movements.

Pledge of good moves – correct angulation between the humerus and scapula, and pelvic bone, femur and tibia. Correct angulations increase the scope of limbs, the proportionality of the lengths of the bones clearly contributes to the rhythm of the movement. Limb joints must bend and unbend easily and smoothly, providing a strong impetus to the hind limbs and springiness and elasticity in the front part of the body to absorb shocks by relying on the front legs. Movement of the front and rear legs must be coordinated.
Straightened angulation shorten the step, as if the bones, joints in scapulohumeral and hip joints, set almost vertically and form a junction with the excess unfolded corners – it inhibits movement, shortening the stem forward in front and weakening the impetus behind. In dogs with the structure of the step is shorter, and they are forced to do more steps to cover the same distance. As a result, their movement becomes hoduleobraznym.

Types of gait pug

Of great importance is the harmony of adding a dog. In other words, a dog with a beautiful long sloping shoulder blade will not look proportional if its hind legs are straight and depleted muscles. Conversely, a direct short paddle will seem out of place in a dog that has strong hind legs with good angulation. The dog should look proportional and harmoniously composed, but not exceptionally good in separate articles, but with serious deficiencies in others.

To move a vicious pace is an amble, when the dog moves forward at the same time introducing two left feet, and then two right. When the dog swings side to side, and topline softer in motion. Sometimes, to bring down the dog with amble, you just speed up the movement, but sometimes a gait is rigidly fixed.

Disadvantages. Any deviation from the mentioned items should be considered as defects, and the seriousness with which they must be taken into account should be in strict accordance with the degree of deviation.

Comment. This point is expressed very vague, and usually only judge decides is estimated to lack of seriousness. The standard provides some basic framework, which should contain the described specimen. In this case a lot depends on the general impression. Perhaps the experts simply overestimated the growth of an irregular shape of the tail or a dog of good type. It happens that the examiner pays particular attention to assessing the dog in motion, and even a slight deviation in the limb prevents the dog put a high estimate. It is here that all concepts are “not too”, “very,” “slightly,” “pretty”, “not” can be interpreted rather vague, and the same dog will be evaluated by different experts in different ways.

Notice. Males should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

Comment. This observation is common to all breeds. If the dog missing one or two testicles, if a testis is considerably smaller than the other, or there is condensation on the testes, the animal will be disqualified. It remains only to recall that the male with one testis is monorhom and female, whose testes into the scrotum has not dropped – cryptorchids.

A comment. Unfortunately, the standard does not mention that the pugs wool double. Gentle, soft, thin and thick – undercoat, and a little more rigid, short, shiny and thick, too – of guard. The undercoat is much shorter. There are individuals who have the undercoat is over-developed, and at normal density outer coat wool-like pug resembles a hedgehog as spine does not contact with the skin and bristling. If the spine is also rare, the coat becomes a furry pug, pug and he feels like a fluffy chicken. Both options are drawbacks.

In black pugs wool a little rougher than the light, because the thickness of the black hair more than the beige. In addition, some black pugs have almost no undercoat.

Color:
Silver, apricot, fawn and black. Each of these colors must be clearly expressed that there was a clear contrast between the main color and the mask. Markings must be clearly distinguished: the muzzle or mask, ears, warts on the cheeks, forehead spots in a diamond or a fingerprint and a dark line on the ridge should be as black.

A comment. The depth and width of the mask is different and each case to create a unique “face” of a pug. The mask should be a black and well-defined. The more intense the color of the mask, the better. The spots on the cheeks, or moles, should be black, large and give a complete picture of a pug head. Dribbling eyelids must be black. The darkened skull undesirable. There should be a clear boundary between the bright forehead and a black mask.

“Belt” on the back – a dark line running from head to tail. Belt – is only Highlighter ends. Some pugs light it can either be absent or be slightly darker than the main background. The wide dark stripe on the back is not desirable, because the impression of dirty color and spoils the appearance of the dog. Sometimes, the belt can be seen in puppies, but when the dog is molting, it disappears. The more clear and bright is the main color tone, the less “belt” is expressed. Black Pug “belt” has not. Dark undercoat on the back (as opposed to all outer coat tinting wool) refers to serious disadvantages in light dogs.

Silver coloration is a cold light gray tone. It should not be very dark apricot.

Apricot color – it’s warm colors from cream to gold.

Black coloration evenly colored, deep, without impurities blond hair. Black dog should not have white markings. It is unacceptable as the presence reddishnesses or light-colored undercoat.

Markings on dogs have bright colors to stand out as clearly as possible. The disadvantages include light color dogs too dark, dingy shades of wool with lots of dark hair on the body and legs. This is usually seen on the forehead, legs, chest, back, and is more common in dogs with silver color.
Judge may disqualify the dog’s color.

Size:
Ideal weight 6,35-8,17 kg.

A comment. Because toy breeds pug very dense, strong and heavy. Weight as a special category, can not determine the size of the dog. Although standard gives one value of the weight for females and males, it should be noted that the desirable weight for females is 7.3 kg for males and 8.2-10 kg. The desired growth of 25.5-30.5 cm at the withers for bitches and 30.5-33 cm for males. Males and females less than 25.4 and above 33 cm at the withers are undesirable, and this should be taken into account when assessing.

It must be emphasized once again that the sexual type must be sufficiently distinct, ie, medium-sized dog should remain a male dog and to look courageously and even rather big bitch should look feminine. In assessing the weight and size of dog it is important to bear in mind that the determining factor is the breed type. This is not to disqualify several krupnovat individuals subject to their harmony and balance, while small pugs should not become winners in the ring.

Massive, heavy pugs often look just rude, so can not be considered a criterion of quality stud dog a lot of weight at the standard height.

skin:
(Standard omitted).

A comment. One feature of a pug is its wrinkles and loose skin on the neck. Wrinkles on the head are required. They should be large, to create deep relief “face”. The depth depends on the width of folds of the forehead. Excess skin on the neck goes into suspension. The folds of loose skin around the neck are. The tiny folds of loose skin formed on her wrists. BUT! Pug, must not have saggy skin and skin ridges on the body – this is a serious drawback. Pug should not look raw and be similar to Sharpe.
Not Recommended skull head without wrinkles or too overloaded raw wrinkles, with drooping eyelids.

Neck:
Slightly curved, is similar to the crest, strong, thick, of sufficient length to carry head proudly.

Comment. The neck should be long enough, with a pronounced nape to ensure a smooth transition in the neck and withers the proud posture. It should not be too short (like a bulldog), as in this case the head is visually planted on his shoulders. The neck is too long makes pug look awkward.

Forequarters:
The legs are very strong, straight, moderately long, mutually parallel. At sufficiently placed under body (there are “good for a dog”). Shoulders are well inclined.

Comment. Strong, straight and strong front legs should be located far enough from each other and give the width of the chest, while the shoulders should be nicely sloping. Forelegs are well-developed muscles on the outside leg, forming a smooth arc and creating a false impression of curvature, but if you look at the inside of the leg, the bones will be absolutely straight. Forelimbs, as noted in the Standard should be “good standing under the dog.” Only in this case the chest is well developed.

Forelimbs.

With regard to the correct angles glenohumeral joint, the scapula should ideally have a slope of 45 degrees to the ground, forming a right angle (90 degrees) with the humerus. The length of the scapula and the humerus should be equal. In well-built pug straight line dropped from the upper point of the withers and elbow, passes through the pastern. It is easy to see when viewed from the side.

At the corners of the limbs should pay particular attention, since only their correct anatomical structure may condition the right moves. The most common defects are the angles are straightened glenohumeral joint. There are two possible options (both undesirable): the so-called “tererny type of” before and just straightened the corners of glenohumeral joint due to a short, sloping shoulder is not enough.
By “terernomu type” dogs are relatively pryamoplechie, but only in combination with the correct oblique inclination of the scapula. I like a pug we see quite a smooth transition of the neckline in the back line, but the forelimbs are not “adequately placed under body.” The dogs’ terernogo type “not serving the sternum, they lift their heads high in the rack and move and have an uncharacteristic for a pug, festinating movement.
Pug with a sloping shoulder blade is not sharp enough and ugly transition neckline in the back line. Output from the neck of the animal is low, the neck short. Topline with the same look too long. Again, straight shoulder, front legs can not be “well under the dog.” Movement of the pug will not be free and wide. In addition, the shortcomings of the angles of joints of the forelimbs, as a rule, are combined with impaired rear corner joints.
The elbows should fit snugly to the body and be directed straight back, they do not have to turn out neither in nor out, nor rack, nor in motion.
Pastern slightly bent, not straight. For direct pasterns (often combined with “terernym” type of forehand) pug will have a few stilted movement. A failed, over-sloping pastern can not properly maintain the housing dogs, and traffic will be slipshod. Small outwards rather peculiar pug and helps them better retain the heavy front.
Minor folds of loose skin, running down to the forearms, can form in the pastern fine wrinkles.
The disadvantages include the weakened joints, partition, or twisted into the extremities (clubfoot), curved like a Pekingese, forearms, or high on excessive short-legged.

Body:
A short, stocky with a broad chest and well-rib. The top line is straight, never curved (concave) and oblique (angled).

The body, the proportions of a pug.

Comment. The standard describes well the body pug therefore restrict to a few refinements topline from withers to rump is flat and the short tail is set on high. The disadvantages include nizkoperedost, sloping croup, soft, sagging or arched back, long loin.

Chest broad, but not like a bulldog. Belly up to the elbows down. It is not desirable so-called “chicken” breasts, that is small, underdeveloped in the front. The edges are rounded enough, springy. Line the bottom of the smooth, must gradually rise to the groin. The dog must have a small waist. In no event Pug should not be exhausted, with a “lengthy” belly, but no less undesirable overfed pug with a drooping belly, without a hint of a waist.

Disadvantages: over-tightening belts, sagging belly, flat sides, which leads to a lack of springiness of the ribs.

Mouth:
A small snack. Skewed (the curve) the mouth, rising above the teeth and tongue popping out highly undesirable. Front teeth (incisors) wide lower jaw is always a straight line.

Comment. Dog’s teeth are considered from two perspectives:
1. In number.
The dog has 42 teeth: 12 incisors, 4 canines, 16 premolars and 10 molars.
The incisors (6 in each jaw) located in the center. Upper size a few more lower, and serve to capture and cutting food. Canines are after the incisors on both sides. This is the most powerful teeth that are conical in shape, designed to disrupt tissue protection and attack and needed to form a strong grip. Canines in males more than females.
On both sides are lozhnokorennye teeth – premolars, 4 on each side (total of 16 premolars, 8 in each jaw), and 10 molars – teeth, which are located two on each side of the upper jaw and three in the bottom.

Teeth pug. Form of bite, bite.

2. The form of clamping jaws (bite).
The figure shows the form of bite.
Scissor bite – a series of upper teeth covers the lower teeth so that the lower incisors adjacent to the inner planes of the upper teeth.
Direct (pincer) bite – incisors of both jaws touch their cutting edges.
Undershot – the lower jaw is shorter, so that the rows of the upper and lower incisors there is a gap.

Undershot – the lower jaw is longer than the upper:
– Dense snack – a number of lower teeth covers the upper teeth so that the upper incisors adjacent to the inner planes of the lower teeth.
– Snack with deviation – between the rows of the upper and lower incisors there is a gap.
– Buldozhina – between the rows of the upper and lower incisors there is a big gap.

Dentition pug has its own characteristics, as with all flat-dogs. With this structure of the muzzle, like a pug, or to be more precise, there is almost complete absence of it is quite obvious that a full set of teeth he can not be. Absolutely no 01/02 is considered normal premolars and molars, are experts at not paying any attention. Some foreign experts do not even pay attention to the fact whether the pug complete set of incisors, giving importance only to the fact whether the lower jaw is broad enough and straight in front (as determined by touch). So often it happens that an expert, especially foreign, looks dentition pug only in cases of suspected wry mouth, because the dog of this breed are very emotional and usually do not tolerate familiarity with them, especially such as foreseeing a stranger in your mouth. Prevent the inspection also features a pug lips – thick enough, they interfere with the rapid display of the bite, covering a nose when picked up. The lower lip is thick and the pug is so tight that closes the lower teeth, so it inevitably causes subsidence pug negative emotions that can lead to spasms with breathing. In this regard, the British experts do not recommend without much need to inspect the dental system in pugs.

It should be borne in mind that Pugs, like all flat-dogs, is often found such a deficiency, as wry mouth, which can be either genetic or acquired as a result of injury and improper cultivation. This drawback can be poorly defined, visible only under careful contemplation when picked up lips, and pronounced, noticeable even at a cursory glance at the dog. Wry mouth is a few options:
1) The lower jaw is shifted to the right or left (Fig. lb);

Bite, wry mouth.

2) when viewed from the front lower jaw on one side, right or left, loose fit to the top, that is not parallel or not parallel with respect to the upper (Fig. a);
3) when viewed from above the lower jaw on one side, right or left, as if a little longer and also is not parallel with respect to the top. This happens when the teeth of the mandible, particularly canines, asymmetrically located with respect to each other.
As a rule, in all cases, jaw misalignment visible language.
A common drawback is the Checkerboard incisors. Sometimes the teeth are too small. Typically, experts say it’s not a fault, but breeders should bear in mind that all the anomalies of the dental system quickly accumulate in breeding, which is without taking them into account. Breeding dogs with small teeth together can lead to the birth of pugs with narrowed the lower jaw. Scissor bite is extremely rare, but it is a very serious drawback. A serious drawback is undershot with the waste, which are visible teeth. This often causes the dog to loll out.

As with other flat-dogs, pugs, unfortunately, fairly early start to lose teeth, so a dropped or broken cutters on exterior assessment did not significantly affect and take into account only ceteris paribus.

Eyes:
Dark, very large, round in shape, with a gentle, humble and full of desires expression, very lustrous and full of fire when excited.

Comment – Eye for an expressive dog like a pug, are particularly important. Let us specify a few points. Big eyes pug should be planted wide enough for one line with the nose. Blizkoposazhennye glazapridayut pug unusual, foolish look. Characteristic of the Pug expression of vigilance and mischief will be lost. Fortunately, such a deficiency is uncommon.

Different types of eye pug.

Light-colored eyes – a serious drawback, as well as small eyes or eyes that have seen too much protein. The disadvantages are also slanted, almond-shaped eyes and the eyes are too prominent.

Ears:
Thin, small, soft as a “black velvet”. Two varieties – “roses” – small ears folded over his head, set aside, reverse, so that open the inner part. “Buttons” – the ears laid forward, margins held tightly to the skull, close the internal orifice. Prefer the latter.

Comment. Epithets used to describe a pug ears, rather relative. Anyone who is familiar with this breed, it is unlikely to come to mind associations such as the “button” or “rose”. Did you see anywhere on buttons such form, as a neat triangular ears pug? Therefore, to clarify suggest you look at the pictures of pugs with ears in the form of so-called “buttons” and “Roses.” Consider first the ears of “buttons”. In fact, they look more like a triangle, the lower the top of which is on the line through the middle of the eye and the inner side close to the head. The base of this triangle is a continuation of the skull.

Standard ear pugs.

Ears “rose” have room in the back of the ear. These ears look smaller. Do not confuse your ears “a rose” with ears cocked so much that is visible to the entire inside of the ear – this is a drawback.
Ears, “a button” create the impression of a wider skull, while his ears, “Rose” visually reduce it. The disadvantages are the thick, long, low set or “flying” ears, ears and bright in adults. Sometimes puppies are light-colored ears, but as a rule, they darken with age. The disadvantages include including “raznouhost.” This term denotes a situation when one ear is shaped like “roses”, and another – a form of “buttons”.

General appearance:
Explicitly square and chunky, it’s like, “much in the small”, expressed in a compact form, good proportions and well-developed muscles.

Comment. The Standard clearly and specifically describes the general form of a pug, but it should make a few clarifications. The phrase “square format” means that the height at the withers is equal to the oblique body length (see figure). Pug – is both a square and stocky little dog, with a well-developed, strong bone, well balanced as a whole. Equally undesirable dog square format, but with a light bone structure and long legs, and stocky dog, but with a long torso and short legs. The dog should look like physically strong, healthy, harmoniously composed, that is all part of her body should be proportional to each other.
Well-known American expert and breeder of pugs Shirley Thomas in his book “The New Pug” tells about the problems faced by American breeders breed type while maintaining the pugs.

Ideal proportions pug.

“… Over the years, breeders have worked hard to create a breed pug. One of the challenges along the way – to save the type of rock. You know the difference between pugs tereropodobnogo, buldogopodobnogo and new ball-type peistogo? Pug terernogo such elegant. He has a long, expressive neck, turns into a perfectly straight shoulders, forearms straight and upright pasterns. It’s sad when people say they prefer this type because pugs are very attractive. This is the wrong type. Unfortunately, many dogs of this type of win today in the U.S.
Pug bulldog type has a very broad front with a powerful head, planted on the loaded neck. Sometimes this can be added to the low yield of the neck or shoulder related.
But the most unpleasant – it’s a pug sharpeistogo type. Due to the fact that some breeders have tried to make a name for himself in breeding these dogs, we see overloaded, raw wobbly backsides with pugs. This is not the type of breed pug. These dogs are swollen pork fat, trying to hide his long back and topline wrong. Since the Chinese pug was in Holland and England and appeared in the U.S., it was never like this. Such preferences can destroy pug breed type.
The Pug should be tightly-bone, piece, square, with a well-rounded, elastic edges, with a straight topline and set high, curled tail. Properly balanced and wrinkled head planted on a moderately curved neck. Hind legs straight when viewed from behind, and the rear part of a strong, well muscled in the hips and moderate angles of the knee. This type of pug. ”

Pug should not be awkward, clumsy, fat or skinny. Well-developed musculature and tight. Good muscle substance (muscle hardness) is not achieved raskarmlivaniem, and regular exercise – walking, jumping, etc. Sometimes the owners of pugs trying to hide the lack of backbone and overall slenderness raskarmlivaniem dogs, but usually do not achieve the desired result. Very comical look like a dog with a small head and thin legs, but bold, loose body.

In nature. Very charming, generous and intelligent.

Temperament. Balanced, cheerful, lively and cheerful.

Comment. Pug – a perfect companion, the beautiful “Divan” dog in the best sense of the word, kind, intelligent, playful and accommodating. Unlike its Chinese cousin – Pekingese, Pug – the dog is very lively, jumping, he just has to work, it is an indispensable participant, all home events, while the Pekingese will only condescending watch. He constantly strives to be in the spotlight and not very restrained in showing emotions. Partying pug is attracting worldwide attention.

A serious drawback for pugs are aggressiveness, shyness, nervousness and hysteria. At the same time was pleased to note that these traits in this breed are extremely rare.

Comment. Pug head should be evident. But it should be noted that the head is never considered in itself, but always in proportion to the body. There are cases when comparing the two dogs have noted that the head of one dog a few more massive than the other, and make a conclusion about its desirability, not seeing that the second dog is much smaller in size. This approach to assessment is incorrect. In addition, the male head of a few massive head bitch. When the same amount of housing head dog must be larger and must clearly display the type of sex. Already in the face dog must be clear – it’s male or female. The expression “person” is always feminine and females more lenient:

Standards for head pug

Proper head pug should fit into a square. Nose is on the middle line through the middle of the eye and separating the front part of the head into two almost equal parts – the frontal part and the muzzle (see figure).

Seen from the front skull should be almost flat between the ears, domed (convex) or “yablokoobrazny ‘skull – a serious drawback. When viewed from the side of the forehead pug should not come forward like the Japanese Chin forehead. The muzzle should be short, flat and wide, almost equal to the width of his forehead. Dips under the eyes indicate poor fullness of the muzzle. Visually, it makes the face longer, and the typical form of a pug’s head as a whole disappears. One gets the impression that the dog’s head consists of two parts, as the dips sharply delimit the eyes of the front face of the skull. The lower jaw should be broad enough and the chin prominent. Otherwise, the face will look underdeveloped and narrowed.

Bridge with a pug should be slightly pronounced, as its complete absence leads to breathing problems and, as a consequence, heart failure, arrhythmias and fainting under strong agitation and physical activity. Bridge is desirable absolutely straight, it should not be concave, or a so-called “upturned” more characteristic of Japanese hinov, griffons and French bulldogs. In Pugs, in contrast to these species, shortened nasal passages, not curved. Another big disadvantage than turned up nose, a snout, dropped down. With the lowered muzzle the expression “person” in a pug is sad and tearful.

As for wrinkles, it is desirable that they form a beautiful, if possible symmetrical pattern, but it should not give the impression of dampness and sagging skin under the eyes and lips, like a head or an English bulldog shar pei. Flews should not hang down. The form of the folds of the nose does not matter, but most experts prefer continuous rather than intermittent, believing that this head looks more pug breed. The fold should be in harmony with the whole front part, that is not to be too thick, heavy, and hanging over the bridge, that heavier head as a whole, and not be too thin, that will make disharmony in the massive head with large eyes and broad, full face.

Nose must be black only; clarified – a big drawback. Nostrils large and well open.

Eye:
Dark, very large, round in shape, with a gentle, humble and full of desires expression, very lustrous and full of fire, when excited.

Ears:
Thin, small, soft as a “black velvet”. Two varieties – “roses” – small ears folded over his head pulled back so that the interior is open. “Buttons” – the ears laid forward, margins held tightly to the skull, close the internal orifice. Preferable to the latter.

Mouth:
A small snack. Skewed (the curve) the mouth, rising above the teeth and tongue popping out highly undesirable. Front teeth (incisors) wide lower jaw must be in a straight line.

Neck:
Slightly curved, is similar to a crest, strong, thick, long enough to bear the proud head.

Forequarters:
Legs very strong, straight, moderately long, mutually parallel. At sufficiently substituted by the body (there are “good for a dog.”) Shoulders are well inclined.

Body:
A short, stocky with a broad chest and well-convex edges. Topline straight, never curved (concave) and oblique (angled).

FCI Pug Winner

Hindquarters:
Legs very strong, of moderate length, with good angulation, straight and mutually parallel when viewed from behind.

Feet:
Not as long as a rabbit, and not as round as a cat. Toes well divided, claws black.

Tail:
High set, curled as tightly as possible, pressed against his back. A double curl is more desirable.

Movement:
Seen from the front the forelegs are raised and lowered, while strictly under the shoulder. The feet point straight, not expanded neither in nor out. When viewed from behind the picture is similar. Forelegs move with a good, strong stroke. The hind limbs move freely, with good mobility in the knee joints. For gait is characterized by light rolling motion back.

Coat:
Thin, smooth, soft, short and glossy (never stiff and fluffy).

Color:
Silver, apricot, fawn and black. Each of these suits should be clearly marked, so that was a clear contrast between the main color and a mask. The markings must clearly stand out: the muzzle or mask, ears, warts on the cheeks, forehead spot in a diamond or a fingerprint and a dark line on the ridge should be as black as.

Size:
Ideal weight 6,3-8,1 kg.

Disadvantages:
Any deviation from the above-mentioned points should be considered as defects, and the seriousness with which they must be taken into account should be in strict accordance with the degree of deviation.

Note:
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

In the Russian Federation, the procedure for obtaining pedigree for dogs, Canine Federation of Russia determined (RCF). The site of this organization can be found all regulations and instruments relating to breeding dogs and their participation in exhibitions and other important things. It also very clearly stated and pedigree. So, in order to pug was able to show off his official status of pedigree dogs, just need to buy a purebred puppy, whose membership glorious old pug documented. And so, the first document is a baby puppy card (metric puppy). Next, get genealogy is only a matter of technique.

Experts recommend that engage in design pedigree after the puppies turned six months: that’s when you can be sure that the data on it already did in RKF. And all that is needed – it just took my puppy card, visit the RCF (or federation that issued the card). Regional pug owners do not have to travel to the capital, you can join the official club breeders in their own city, and draw directly descended through this organization, as it has in it all the powers. And really get the precious document, you can safely go to storm the exhibition. At least in Russia. However, in order to show his handsome pug to foreign experts, just need to get an export pedigree, but she issued on the basis of our internal Russian. However, for puppies that were born from unplanned mating, and thus do not have the puppy dog ​​card, the way to the exhibition is not ordered. Register-pedigree may help if the owner thinks the dog is worth it to “show themselves.” This document can be obtained after the animal is estimated by experts on the breed and give a positive conclusion.

So getting pedigree – if she really needed the owner – not the most complicated process. Importantly, from the outset to operate properly. However, no degree “advanced” pedigree affects the strength of love fans of dogs. And we are with you that do know. Only for the prestige of the owner of the dog lineage as necessary as air.

It is necessary to design pedigree 750 rubles in the event that the owner of the dog – a Russian citizen, or 1750 rubles. for foreign nationals in a foreign language. Pedigree will be ready in 15 days. If you want a pedigree in the day, you have to pay 500 rubles. more. All prices on this site RKF. If you place an ancestry through his club, far from Moscow, be prepared that all deadlines will be much longer. Sometimes clubs also charge extra for registration of pedigrees.

Choice of the puppy of a pug. When you come to the factory owner, and to you as small peas, direct мопсята, to think commonly and to choose one — not simply difficultly, and it is very complex.
Easier when puppies of a pug have appeared at the familiar dog breeder then the choice is limited by 3-4 small representatives of this nice breed.
How the choice has been combined,
If you have decided to get the puppy of a pug, to make it all the same it is necessary, here again it is necessary to adhere to the certain rules constructed on emotional perception of the puppy,
And a professional assessment of its qualities. With an emotional side more and more or less clearly.
Coming to nursery or the house of the factory owner, from all puppies, it is necessary to choose what fuse most of all, as they say in soul.
And, very often happens, that followed the boy, and the girl, and on the contrary has liked.

If to be defined with a choice it does not turn out in any way best way — to sit longer, to play with kids, and to enable the puppy you to choose.
Many tell, that when they could not be defined, they have provided this right to the puppy of a pug. All is very simple.
Depart from puppies on a considerable distance, and wait, who the first will run up — that and your.
As a rule, the method works correctly and as it is paradoxical, that puppy who has most of all liked, but with its choice runs up, you changed.
Often fluctuations of a choice depend on fear, the future owners to not like the chosen puppy.
As a rule, all fears are unreasonable, and as skilled dog breeders if the puppy intended to you approve, you and receive it.

All this the general rules, the emotional approach to a choice of the puppy of a pug.
However if you have decided to get the puppy of a pug, there is a number of pedigree and behavioural characteristics which should be considered at a choice of the puppy. As a rule, responsible factory owners,
At once inform on possible lacks of the puppy, its possibilities and potential as the future champion, or fairly speak, that собачка it is intended only,
To be the house favourite, and to hope for its future champion’s title it is not necessary. If you quite accept a pug as the friend and a member of family,
Also its career in breeding cultivation does not interest at all, it is necessary to understand that far not all pugs approach for given objectives,
Whether and especially to you it does not matter whether there will be your puppy the champion всея Russia then safely take the dog who has sunk down in a soul.
By the way such puppies and at the price of much cheaper, and on quality of emotional feedback, for what actually also love a pug, at all do not concede.

If you the prospect of the puppy to participation in exhibitions and breeding cultivation then it is necessary to concern to its choice more attentively interests.
To study a family tree on availability of champions in a line of cultivation, to talk to several factory owners, closely to study page « standards of breed »,
To visit some thematic exhibitions on which the best representatives of breed and т are presented. д.-all this will allow to choose the best,
On the qualities of the representative of breed a pug. Besides on a choice of such perspective puppy, is better to go with the professional cynologist and the factory owner,
Which on the first sight on помет, will define prospects of your dog.
In the conclusion it would be desirable to tell, that you would not choose what dog, remember,
That above the perspective puppy and its champion’s title it is necessary to work much, with a pug the house favourite is much easier in this respect.
Constant at dialogue with the puppy of any class there is a love and desire to present мопсику at the most a long and happy life, as well as a worthy maturity and an old age,
In an environment of loving owners.

The modern breed pug brought British breeders. The contribution to the preservation and development of the breed have English breeders, through which came the modern type pug. First got in this country were dogs with short, cropped ears, strongly Tongue, longer than it is today, noses, claws and more rounded and less dense tulovischem.Snachala in England bred dogs with black mask two colors: “moon shine” (silver) and “warm sun” (apricot with red and black coating on the ends of the Wool shoulder, back and ears). Then there were instances of black – “black night”. Among the owners of the new breed best known Lady Willoughby de Eresbi (Lincolnshire), and Mr. Morrison (Walham Green), received two quality lines of pugs named Willoughby pugs and pugs Morrison. Subsequently, the dogs crossed with each other, which greatly improved the porodu.V XVII century. Pugs in Spain called “turkveyt”, or “dogilo”, in Italy – “kadzhanlino”, or “Camusot” in Germany – “mopshund” in England – “Reed” or “pagom.” In Russia Pugs first came in end of XIX century. but after the revolution, they again disappear for a long time. Only in the 1980’s. breeding pugs to start professional. Breeding work began in Russia with 5 dogs, and by 1989 there were already about 80 beautiful, healthy individuals. They began to open clubs and nurseries, conducted regional and international exhibitions. I must say that breeding pugs have been and are engaged in literate breeders with extensive experience in this field. So far the number of pugs in Russia has increased significantly, and the quality of the breed is world class. In this regard, a Russian pugs good reputation abroad, they are popular with foreign breeders. Currently Pugs are one of the most common species, not only in Europe but in America and Australia.

Since ancient times, the dog was the faithful companion of man. When a plant dog, they get themselves and their children’s true and reliable friend and pomoschnika.Sredi numerous species bred by man, pugs are the most popular breed. These small, strange-looking dogs astonishingly lively and restlessness. They are always ready to walk, is pleased to participate in all family matters and igrah.Krome attention, pug, like any pet, requires care and good nutrition. Especially not easy for those who first encountered the breed. Immediately, there are many questions: how to feed a pug, how and when to educate, how to care for, bathe, breed, how to treat when a pet is ill, and so d.Rodinoy room decorative dog breed pug is China. From there, Pugs were first brought into Evropu.Pervye domestic dogs appeared about 15 thousand years ago. In gratitude for food animals guarded the people against enemies and wild animals, and helped keep the cattle, to hunt. Over time, the dog, due to natural instinct, was for a man not only a faithful companion and helper, but also a friend. Over time, people paid attention to the fact that certain groups of animals possess specific skills and qualities (hunting skills, taking good track), and began to develop them. So were removed the rock and the groups of dogs: hunting, herding, and decorative room, office, and the number of species dr.Bolshoe room decorative dogs appeared in the East, in China, where dogs have started to grow about 6-7 thousand years ago. This country is known for its philosophical approach to the knowledge of the world picture, subtle perception of the surrounding reality, especially the ratio of all life. In China, the dog symbolizes fidelity and devotion, of great importance was attached to the national religion, mythology and art. In Chinese astrology, the dog is the eleventh sign of the zodiac, express many qualities. It represented the law of allegiance, devotion, symbolized the sun and wind at the same time authorizing the ability to eject demonov.Pochtitelnoe against the Chinese did not extend to black dogs, which were considered the embodiment of evil forces, a symbol of natural disasters and adverse faktorov.Obraz dogs are widely distributed in Chinese mythology. According to the concepts nation Yao is this animal was their forefather. Legend has it that in ancient times the ruler of one country has promised to give his daughter to wife one who will bring him the head of the enemy, a long and exhausting war which has already greatly weakened the country. The request of the Emperor fulfilled yard dog panha. Lord kept his promise, and his daughter, along with the dog went to live in the mountains. The descendants of Princess and panha were Yao. In honor of our ancestors, people regularly arranged prazdnestva.Po of the ancient Chinese, the dog accompanying the man is everywhere in life was to stay with him after death. In the underworld, she helped the owner to go on a dangerous maze and indicate the right path. Archaeologists have discovered several graves, which together with the remains of human bones were dogs. Over time, instead of the dogs in the grave of the deceased have to put a figure zhivotnogo.Sredi monuments of the ancient Chinese art meets the image of the legendary dogs Fu (lion-dog). The Chinese believed that the owner will be happy Fu chelovekom.V ancient China, some dogs inspired by a special intuition and the ability to distinguish between possessed people and the ability to see the red elemental bedstviya.V Chinese religion, as we know, many animals (dragon, lion, turtle, and etc. ) were regarded as sacred. Great respect from the Chinese enjoyed a lion, whose image is installed in front of temples to scare away evil forces. Since China is not the lions were carried out, their place was taken by animals, like the kings of the nature of externally – Pekingese and dr.Takim way in China to the dogs was a special relationship, they are an important part of human society, the national religion, philosophy. Often the dogs could do what was forbidden even to people. In this regard, China’s breeding dogs, especially small breeds, have received considerable vnimanie.Bolshoy contribution to the dog made a Tibetan lama. Within the walls of their monasteries appeared breeds of dogs, which became the progenitors of such breeds as the Pekingese, shar pei, shih-tzu, pug and dr.Iz all dog breeds pug is one of the most mysterious, the history of the emergence of which is surrounded with myths and legends. Until now, scientists argue about its origin. Some believe that the pug is the birthplace of the Far East, while others believe that these dogs have appeared in South Africa, others are looking for roots in Europe. However, direct evidence no one else. Although to date scholars are inclined to believe that pugs have appeared yet in the East for a long time, even during the birth of Buddhism. It was there found the most evidence of this. References to “square, low dog with short snout”, the main purpose of which was the service and entertainment rights, are in ancient Chinese manuscripts. Also preserved terracotta, jade and ceramic figurines of dogs with short face, with big bulging eyes. I should say that these monuments of the ancient Chinese art of an amazingly realistichnostyu.Schitaetsya that the ancestor of Pugs can be derived by Tibetan monks and Szechuan small dog, called fu, or Sichuan-bayami. In pugs, they were the forefathers of many miniature breeds of dogs: Hina, a Tibetan terrier, Pekingese – palace pocket dogs, Lhasa Apso, pei – dog mascot, Shi-ttsu.Upominaniya of small dogs with short snout exist in ancient Indian literary works in particularly in the Mahabharata. mopsovidnyh first mention of the dogs survived to this day, date back to 600 BC. Oe. It is known that they were favorites of Chinese rulers. Despite the fact that the dogs were regarded as a hunting breed, treated them more as a decorative: they are strongly holili, spoiled, each of them had her own servant, and to the point of hunting them delivered in a specially made stretcher to save power and hiding from those of commoners. Modern look of pugs are not very different from the images found on the objects of ancient art. In particular, mopsovidnye dogs depicted shorthair, with a big round head, short muzzle, large round eyes and curled tails, sometimes without nih.V China there were two kinds of dogs – ha-pa, and lo-tzu, who had a similar external structure and differ only long hair. The first were Longhair, second – Shorthair. It is believed that the ancestors of the pugs were precisely lo-tsze.V X in. Szechuan-bais became known as Lao-chentsze, or lo-tzu, in honor of the provincial capital of Sichuan – Lo Cheng. This name was kept until the beginning of XX century. In ancient China there was a strict time limit, which was strictly defined, to whom and exactly what the dogs could contain. Despite the fact that the emperor’s sacred and holy Pekingese dogs were found, Lo-tzu have the least privileged position. They were kind of sign of glory and splendor, so they were allowed to keep only the homes of the rich and noble families. However mopsovidnye dogs lived in the imperial palace, the limits of which had never left. Each had a collar with a bell and its own privileged position sluga.Stol mopsovidnyh dogs due to likely presence of their headlamp folds, forming an interesting pattern. In ancient China, this figure was compared with the Chinese character for bearing a hidden meaning and the Emperor’s mark. It should be noted that the Lo-tzu wrinkles on his forehead was not as deep as in modern dogs. Consolidation of the features characteristic of the breed today, in antiquity engaged spetsialno.Odnako over the centuries in China’s interest in these dogs had begun to fade. Their breeding continued to engage primarily in monasteries in Tibet, as well as in some other Asian countries, where udalos secretly take lo-tzu from Kitaya.V late XVII century. in the Forbidden City to the pug, along with the Pekingese and Japanese spaniels, is back bygone popularity. They were again surrounded by secrecy, forbidden to show ordinary people. When breeding dogs korotkomordyh focused on those folks, who could easily be placed in the wide sleeves of women’s dresses and costumes of the courtiers. Due to this circumstance, an expression of “pocket dog”. In Europe, familiarity with korotkomordymi Chinese dogs took place much earlier, in the XVI century. It was then, with the development of trade relations between European and Asian countries, the Dutch sailors brought home, and lo je. The Europeans have come to the mind restless energetic dogs.

It is difficult to explain to those who do not understand and do not share the love of a pug, what exactly are the owners of this chunky, sometimes clumsy, funny wheezing dog. Maybe not worth the hassle. Before pug need to grow … yes, exactly! Because there are no such words to fully express the feeling of infinite happiness, which comes in the house with a small bundle – a pug puppy. Day after day the puppy grows, but at the same time and infinite tenderness, which fills the heart. This does not mean that a puppy pug does not deliver the usual everyday problems, but the effort spent on education and training, pay off a hundredfold devotion and adoration of the pug pug gody.Kazhdy for long, either, or laggard rezvushka – great personality, moreover, a person, requiring respect. Mopsovod Everyone knows it, and so it happens that live under one roof several pugs, each of which is absolutely unique, not only on external characteristics, but also on the habits, behavior, harakteru.Edinstvennoe that unites all pugs – unconditional love for man. This is not a fawning love of a guard dog, and consumer love of representatives decorative nation. Love Pug – a balanced sense of self-sufficient substance, which does not require confirmation, only a reciprocal feeling in return.