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Thứ Năm, 11 tháng 12, 2014

Salt Is More Than a Four-Letter Word.

India is the
world's third largest salt producing country in the world. Here, a worker walks
through a mountain of salt near the southern Indian city of Chennai in April
2014.

Epic History Of Salt.

On today’s Words and Their Stories we talk about a common
word, a small word, but a word that is completely necessary for human life. In
fact, without this simple, everyday material, all humans would die.

Scientists know it as sodium chloride. We know it as salt .

You may think, salt is just a simple cooking element we
shake on our food for a little extra taste. But salt is much more than that.

Without salt our muscles would not move. Our nervous systems
would not operate. Our hearts would not beat. Salt means life.

But do not think rubbing salt in a wound will help. Doing
that would be painful and not heal the wound.

To rub salt in a wound is an idiom that means to purposefully
make a bad situation worse.

Early humans got the salt they needed to stay alive from the
animals they killed. But advances in agriculture led to a diet low in salt. So,
humans needed to find others sources.

Those who lived near the ocean or other natural sources for
salt were lucky.Those who did not had to trade for salt. In fact, people used
salt as a method of payment in many parts of the ancient world. The word
“salary” comes from the word “salt.”

Salt also played an important part in population movement
and world exploration. Explorers understood that if they could keep food fresh,
they could travel longer distances. So they used salt to preserve food and
explored the World.

Salt meant movement.

Salt also changed the way nations fought. With preserved
food on ships,nations could sail to distant lands … and then attack them.

Salt meant power.

Salt was so important that, according to food historians, it
was traded pound-for-pound for gold. Today, people still use the expressions to
be worth one’s salt or worth one’s weight in salt. The expressions describe a
person whois useful, a person of value.

A person might also be called salt of the earth. That
description means he or she is dependable and trustworthy. The phrase comes
from the Christian Bible. Jesus called his loyal group of followers -- or
disciples -- the salt of the Earth.

Actors re-act "The Last Supper" as part of Easter festivities in the Czech Republic city of Ceska Lipa. (April 2014)

But one of these disciples was not so loyal. The disciple
Judas betrayed Jesus. In his famous painting “The Last Supper,” Leonardo da
Vinci showsJ udas spilling a bowl of salt. Spilled salt is a sign of bad luck
and trouble. And trouble is exactly what Judas gave Jesus.

Even today, some people throw salt over one shoulder if they
spill it. They believe throwing salt behind them scares any devil that has been
following them -- or at least blinds it for a second while they run away.

But these stories about bad luck should be taken with a
grain of salt. In other words, listen to a story or an explanation with
suspicion and distrust.

But you don’t have to take the information you find on VOA
Learning English with a grain of salt. We do our research.

And this research led to some interesting facts about salt
in other cultures and religions.

In 2200 BC, the Chinese emperor Xia Yu created one of the
first known taxes. He taxed salt. And Egyptians preserved dead bodies with
salt, creating mummies.

This mummy is Ahmose Meyret Amon, an Egyptian princess who was between 40 and 45 years when she died. She lived about 1580–1550 BCE and was found near modern day Luxor. (The Lancet)

The Catholic Church uses salt in many of its rituals.
Buddhists use salt to prevent evil. In Japan, the Shinto religion uses salt to
clean an area of evil. In the U.S. Southwest, the Pueblo people worship the
Salt Mother.

And in 1933, the Dalai Lama was buried sitting up in a bed
of salt. Today in India, salt is still a symbol of good luck.

What about your culture? Do you have any idioms or
expressions about salt? In the comments section, share a story of salt from
your culture.

Anna Matteo wrote this story for VOA Learning English. Kelly
Jean Kelly was the editor.

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