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Bolton’s Game: Not Sovereignty, Not International Law—Clearing the Path for U.S., Geopolitical Primacy

To be sure, on September 10thJohn Bolton, Trump’s National Security Advisor, pushed all the thematic buttons that might beexpected of a luncheon speaker invitedto address the Federalist Society, long known asthe ideological home of rabid advocates of the so-called ‘new sovereignty.’ The hallmark of this pre-Trump neocon law bastion of Scalia worshippers was their role in the career nurturing of such jurisprudential embarrassments as John Yoo and Jack Goldsmith. Yoo the notorious author of the torture memos and Goldsmith the public servant usually give credit forcrafting an expert approval text validating ‘extreme rendition’ of CIA suspects to notorious ‘black sites,’ known around the world as safe havens for torture, surely acrude instance ofex parte criminal legalism. It should be noted that both of these individuals are senior faculty members at two of America’s finest law schools, UC Berkeley and Harvard, both of which exhibit institutional pride in the fact of treating legal ethics as integral part of professional education.

John Bolton was the safest of choices as a featured speaker, having earned his Federalist Society credentials many times over. He seems perversely proud of leading the unprecedented effort on behalf of George W. Bush in 2002 to ‘unsign’ the Rome Statute, the treaty that brought the International Criminal Court (ICC) into force in 2002, and now has 123 sovereignstates as parties, including all NATO members except the U.S. and Turkey. At the talk, Bolton paused to boast of orchestrating this unusual move to highlight and underscore this repudiation of the ICC by the Bush presidency, and in the process, of the crusading success of a transnational civil society movement and a coalition of moderate governments around the world to institutionalize individual accountability of political leaders and military commanders for war crimes and crimes against humanity. It should be humiliating that such a global undertaking to strengthen international criminal law enforcement is regarded as posing a direct threat to Americans and governmental policy. It puts a preemptivetwist on the previous reliance on ‘victors’ justice’ to ensure that none of the Allied crimes during World War II would be subjected to legal scrutiny while the crimes of German and Japanese political leaders and military commanders were being prosecuted.

Actually, even if Bush had not bothered to have the Clinton signature removed, the U.S. would never in this dark period of anti-internationalism have joined the ICC. To become a party to the treaty would have needed the additional step of ratification of the Rome Statute, and that would require an affirmative vote of 2/3rds of the U.S. Senate. A favorable outcome would have been even more unlikely than for Donald Trump to nominate Anita Hill or Robert Mueller as his next choices for the U.S. Supreme Court. In this sense, only the up tempo language of Bolton is notable for its willingness to denigrate and even smear the ICC.

Slick Willy Clinton had his own reservations about the treaty and never took the normal step following an official signature of a negotiated inter-governmental agreement of submitting it for ratification. Indeed, it is a technical violation of customary international law that imposes a good faith obligation on governments to seek formal adherence of signed treaties in accordance with constitutional procedures of the particular state. In other words, even the supposedly liberal side of American political life has opted out of its earlier tradition of supporting the institutional development of the Rule of Law on a global level as an aspect of its commitment to the role of law and institutions as essential ingredients of a peaceful and just world order.

Congress removed any doubt as to its hostility toward the ICC when in 2002 it passed the American Service-Members’ Protection Act, authorizing the President to use all necessary means, even force, to prevent prosecution at The Hague of Americans accused of war crimes or crimes against humanity. What is especially disturbing about such a slap at criminal accountability is the absence of slightest show of concern as to whether the allegations in a particular case were well grounded in evidence or not. When Bolton alluded to this bit of ultra-nationalism he appropriately noted that the legislation enjoyed bipartisan support, which suggests that the American posture of claiming ‘lawless geopolitics’ for itself is a fixed feature of world order for the seeable future no matter who occupies the Oval Office. It is ironic that while criminality is ensured of impunity, the practice of impunity, a dubious encroachment on the logic of legality, is not only claimed but offered that most unusual feature of international enforcement.

Bolton implied that the problems of criminality in world affairs are associated with the leaders of the foreign adversaries of the United States, identifying such individuals as Saddam Hussein, Hitler, Stalin, and Qaddafi. His assertion implied that the good behavior of the United States and its allies was such as to be inherently benevolent and the bad behavior of its adversaries would require more than law to deter: “The hard men of history are not deterred by fantasies of international law such as the International Criminal Court.” We can only meekly ask, “Are the supposedly soft men of history, such as Trump or G.W. Bush, any less undeterred?” “And why should we ever expect these hard men to be deterred if the ICC and international law are but ‘fantasies.’

Getting back to Bolton’s luncheon remarks, his own summary of his feverish assault on the audacity of the ICC to consider investigating Israel’s international crimes, and the alleged crimes of the Taliban and the United States in Afghanistan reads as follows:“This administration will fight back to protect American constitutionalism, our sovereignty, and our citizens. No committee of foreign nations will tell us how to govern ourselves and defend our freedom. We will stand up for the US constitution abroad, just as we do at home. And, as always, in every decision we make, we will put the interests of the American people first.”

These are predictable sentiments, given the occasion and taking into account Bolton’s long advocacy of a militarist foreign policy that disregards the restraints of law, morality, and political prudence. It isthe ethics and politics of this disregard that is Bolton’s realmessage. We should be attentive to this real message hidden within the fiery ‘sovereignty, first’ verbiage, which is that the geopolitical practices of the United States will not be subject to legal accountability no matter how flagrant the violation of fundamental norms might be in the future. Bolton may overstep the bounds of the liberal order when he attacks the ICC as an institution, which had not been previously treated as a threat to American foreign policy. Only recently did it dawn on Washington policymakers that the ICC might at some point actually challenge what the U.S. and its allies, most notably Israel, are doing in the world.

Previously, the U.S. was a supporter of criminal accountability of foreign leaders, especially if they were adversaries of the U.S.. It should be remembered that even during the Bush presidency, the government sent dozens of government lawyers to Iraq to help prepare a war crimes prosecution of Saddam Hussein and his entourage after their capture. This capture occurred in the course of a war of aggression initiated against Iraq in 2003 without any prior provocation. The U.S. attack, regime change, and long intrusive occupation took place, it should be recalled, despite the failure of the U.S. Government to secure the support of the UN Security Council despite a feverish attempt to gain authorization.

In other words, so far as even the Boltons of this world are concerned, there is nothing wrong with criminal accountability of leaders and military personnel so long as the indictments, prosecutions, and punishments are confined to enemies of the United States. Such a self-serving geopolitical appropriation of international criminal law should not be confused with legitimate law, which presupposes that the rules, norms, and procedures apply to all relevant actors, the strong as well as the weak, the victors as well as the defeated, geopolitical wrongdoers as well their adversaries.

What is sad about the Bolton worldview, and indeed the new sovereignty ideologues that shape the public image of the Federalist Society, aside from its influence in the Trump Era, is that it completely misunderstands the relevance of international law in this period of global interdependence and planetary challenge. State-centric world order as beset by geopolitical rivalries is a blueprint for civilizational collapse in the 21stcentury, and probably represents the worst possible way to uphold core sovereign rights and national interests over time.

What is still sadder is that the Bolton/Trump worldview, which seems so outlandish and anachronistic is not that extremist, compared to Democratic establishment approaches, when it comes to behavior. It represents a surreal rhetorical extension of the bipartisan consensus that is complacent about the failures of the neoliberal international order, including especially the destructive impacts of predatory globalization on democratic forms of governance, on safeguarding of social and economic rights, and on ecological sustainability.

As many have noted Hilary Clinton’s push toward a confrontation with Russia was more in keeping with Bolton’s preferred foreign policy than the more accommodationist proposals of Trump during his presidential campaign. It is against such a background that I reach the lamentable conclusion that when it comes world peace and global justice the Democratic Party establishment has little to offer when it comes to foreign policy, and may be more inclined to initiate wars and raise geopolitical tensions than even their reactionary and militarist Republican rivals. Bernie Sanders, although international affairs is not his strong suit, at least gestured toward a less militarist and dysfunctional foreign policy. For the Democratic Party to generate enthusiasm upon American youth and the deeply discontented in the country it must reinvent itself by embracing progressive and forthcoming policies than in the recent past and positions that are more constructive and programmatic than even the Sanders foreign policy. Without such bold moves there will be a loud sigh of relief when Trump loses control of Congress in November, and even louder one when Trump leaves the White House, but the American ship of state will still resemble the maiden voyage of the Titantic.

As if to confirm the analysis above we should take account of Bolton past warmongering toward North Korea including advocating a preemptive strike, and recently articulating grossly unlawful threats of force directed at Iran. It should be appreciated that contemporary international law, as embodied in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter forbids threatsas well as uses of aggressive force.

Such a prohibition underlines the criminality of Bolton’s recent formulations of military threats directed at Iran: “I might imagine they [“the mullahs of Tehran”] would take me seriously when I assure them today: If you cross us, our allies, or our partners; if you harm our citizens; if you continue to lie, cheat and deceive, yes, there will indeed be hell to pay.” Such chilling words must be understood in the context of Bolton’s past advocacy of bombing Iran and of the Trump approach to the region that can be summarized in a few words: ‘do what Netanyahu wants.’

Even if war and aggression do not actually occur, and we must pray that they do not, this kind of geopolitical bullying by a leading official of a country that has up to one thousand military bases spread around the world should be criminalized, and not just criticized as intemperate.

Professor Falk, another interesting read in the unfolding sequence with your previous posts,
‘Warfare Without Limits: A Darkening Human Horizon’
‘Missing the Point Twice: International Law as Empire’s Sunday Suit.’

One more thing increasingly evident of US hypocrisy, is their fake news claim the US is a Nation of Law and Order.
If lying was a crime outside of the 10 Commandments, enough evidence has accumulated that would convict the US in the ICC without any doubt. Obviously, Bolton sees the Writing on the Wall by this preemptive attack.

Americans are in denial, but the World knows, the US went to the UNSC with fake evidence supplied by US Intelligence Agencies, asking for the Legal Authority only the UNSC can give, to invade Iraq. That Legal Authority was denied.

The US invaded Iraq in 2003 anyway with it’s delusional exceptionalism, in violation of International Law, undermining the Global Order as represented by the United Nations since WWII, ushering in the Law of the Jungle to the Middle East and this World. This was before Trump and his America 1st outlook.

There is overwhelming evidence this is a true statement, “the Trump approach to the region that can be summarized in a few words: ‘do what Netanyahu wants.’”

Netanyahu to US Congress, September 12, 2002:
“If YOU take out Saddam, Saddam’s regime, I GUARANTEE YOU, that it will have enormous positive reverberations on the region, The reverberations of what will happen with the collapse of Saddam’s regime, could very well cause an implosion in a neighbour regime like Iran”
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nN1HOVLf4C0

Americans and Iraqis who lost so many lives and treasure with the Destruction of Netanyahu’s WAR against Iraq, cannot make a claim on his GUARANTEE.
He was proved dead wrong, the dead numbering over a MILLION PEOPLE, with the consequences still unfolding in this World these 15 years later.

Iran did not implode, but increased it’s influence in it’s own part of the World with the illegal US invasion of Iraq, undermining the Global Order as represented by the United Nations since WWII, ushering in the Law of the Jungle to the region and the World.

Who forgot Israel’s Netanyahu speaking to a Joint Session of the US Congress in 2015, getting so many standing ovations by delirious non-partisan Republicans and Democrats, calling for the US to reject the Iran Nuclear deal?
Who forgot Trump withdrew from the Iran Nuclear on May 8 this year?
Who understands the the possible consequences of the US Declaration of War Trump announced against Iran with the Economic Sanctions/Warfare designed to destroy the Iranian Economy supporting it’s 80 MILLION People before resorting to bombs? The US is now DICTATING to the World, US Law, not International Law, reigns over the Nations of this Earth. Obey or else.

God didn’t listen to Netanyahu with his GUARANTEE, but Americans do.
Now Netanyahu wants the US to go in militarily and finish the job he was so wrong about the 1st Time around.

All of this is happening with Netanyahu meddling in US internal affairs in Public, that can be seen. We can only speculate on the substance of the many more conversations going on behind the scenes, and out of Public View?

Putin is blamed as a distraction, with constant anti-Russia/Putin propaganda without any visible proof being presented on this grave matter of War or Peace?
The accusations by the same US Intelligence Agencies that provided Fake information to the United Nations Security Council is not questioned?

I have seen in the Scriptures, a Time coming when all restraints of the LAW would be removed from the Earth.

I’m still not sure if the People of this Earth will reflect the Love of God or the Wrath of God when that Deadline arrives and passes?

When Hillary and I were starry-eyed teenagers, we eagerly embraced the ideological purity of Barry Goldwater who, in “The Conscience of a Conservative” stated something very like: “The difference between the Soviet Union and the USA is that when we sign a treaty or make an agreement, we stick to it. The Soviets will adhere only when it suits their own self-interest, and will renege whenever it does not.” How ironic.

Have we discussed Bolton’s latest? His recent meeting with Saudi, UAE, and MOSSAD officials, to plot regime change in Iran? On the heels of the military-parade massacre? It reads like some dusty old history book, on the preludes to a Great War. God help us.

One of Richard’s most powerful and incisive pieces; a real cry from the heart. His critique of the liberal establishment is most valid. What the world — and Western politics–needs is an internationalism that eschews both neoconservative and neoliberal globalism while linking sovereignty with a the globalization of humanism. The ‘new sovereignty’ is hollow because it is advocated by those who have repeatedly violated national and popular sovereignty the world over and continue to do so, in the pursuit of a robust imperialism. I must say I quite liked the excellent speeches by Bolivia’s Evo Morales and young Cuban President Diaz-Canal.

Dear Professor Falk, Bolton appears to me to as a male-witch. Now days, real witches don’t stir hocus-pocus witch-brew – but I see him just as that. That man is in satanic seals – what else US and the world could possibly expect of such crowds? The only thing that knocks out folks like that is the time – as they are of short time-line, and then they perish in the burning gilt-dusts of hell. Hope you have a blessed weekend. K.F.

Richard Falk

Richard Falk is an international law and international relations scholar who taught at Princeton University for forty years. Since 2002 he has lived in Santa Barbara, California, and taught at the local campus of the University of California in Global and International Studies and since 2005 chaired the Board of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. He initiated this blog partly in celebration of his 80th birthday.