Commercially available sensor boards and “out of the box” ad hoc networking using TinyOS allow the researchers for rapid sensor network deployments.

Basic Idea: to use a phone to monitor/control an ad-hoc network of sensor nodes. What is the easiest way to connect a phone to a WSN ensuring short development time and compatibility with existing solutions?

5.
Context-Aware Application Design <ul><li>How to take advantage of this context information? </li></ul><ul><li>Schilit’s classification of CA applications: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Proximate selection : </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>closely related objects & actions are emphasized/made easier to choose </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Automatic contextual reconfiguration : adding/removing components or changing relationships between components based on context </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Switch to a different operation mode </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Enable or disable functionality </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Context-triggered actions : rules to specify how the system should adapt </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Contextual information and commands : produce different results according to the context in which they are issued </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Narrow-down the output to the user using the context </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Broaden the output to the user using the context </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>Is this classification fundamental/inclusive? </li></ul>

8.
LBS + Navigation <ul><li>Basic form of Location-based services </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Map service (Geocoder) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>“ You are here” service </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Route discovery and generation of directions </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Add-ons </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Voice-activated </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Adjust route to traffic and accident conditions </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Integration with calendar and address book </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Notify target partner of arrival </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>android.location </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Classes defining Android location-based and related services. </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Interfaces </li></ul><ul><ul><li>LocationListener : Used for receiving notifications from the LocationManager when the location has changed. </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Classes </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Address : represents an Address, i.e, a set of Strings describing a location. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Geocoder : handles geocoding and reverse geocoding. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Location : represents a geographic location sensed at a particular time (a &quot;fix&quot;). </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Criteria : indicates the application criteria for selecting a location provider. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>LocationManager : provides access to the system location services. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>LocationProvider : An abstract superclass for location providers. </li></ul></ul>

9.
LBS + Social Networking: BuddyFinder App <ul><li>Mobile social networking meets location based services </li></ul><ul><li>Mobile friend tracking & directory services </li></ul><ul><li>Proprietary internal messaging connectable to any messaging service </li></ul><ul><li>Friends become closer than ever because you know where they are </li></ul><ul><li>Location from GPS+map service </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Extension of LBS+Navigation? </li></ul></ul>

17.
Network support by Android <ul><li>android.net </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Classes that help with network access, beyond the normal java.net.* APIs. more... </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Classes </li></ul><ul><ul><li>ConnectivityManager : answers queries about the state of network connectivity. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>DhcpInfo : A simple object for retrieving the results of a DHCP request. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>MailTo : MailTo URL parses a mailto scheme URL and then can be queried for the parsed parameters. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>NetworkInfo : Describes the status of a network interface of a given type </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Proxy : A convenience class for accessing the user and default proxy settings. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Uri :Immutable URI reference. </li></ul></ul><ul><li>android.net.wifi </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Provides classes to manage Wi-Fi functionality on the device. more... </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Classes </li></ul><ul><ul><li>ScanResult : Describes information about a detected access point. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>WifiConfiguration : A class representing a configured Wi-Fi network, including the security configuration. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>WifiConfiguration.Protocol : Recognized security protocols. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>WifiConfiguration.Status : Possible status of a network configuration. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>WifiInfo : Describes the state of any Wifi connection that is active or is in the process of being set up. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>WifiManager : This class provides the primary API for managing all aspects of Wi-Fi connectivity. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>WifiManager.WifiLock : Allows an application to keep the Wi-Fi radio awake. </li></ul></ul>

31.
Security in Pervasive Healthcare <ul><li>Context </li></ul><ul><li>Patient data is transmitted wirelessly by low capability sensors </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Patient data is therefore easy to eavesdrop on </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Security schemes utilized may not be strong enough for cryptanalysis </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Patient data is stored in electronic format and is available through the Internet </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Makes it easy to access from around the world and easy to copy </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Data can be moved across administrative boundaries easily bypassing legal issues. </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Electronic health records store more and more sensitive information such as psych reports and HIV status </li></ul><ul><li>Preserving patient’s privacy is a legal requirement (HIPAA) </li></ul><ul><li>Excruciating Factors </li></ul><ul><li>Wireless connectivity is always on </li></ul><ul><li>No clear understanding of: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Trusted parties </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Security policies for medical environment </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Devices are heterogeneous with limited capabilities </li></ul><ul><li>Traditional schemes too expensive for long term usage </li></ul>

33.
Energy Efficiency <ul><li>Need </li></ul><ul><li>Sensors have very small battery source. </li></ul><ul><li>Sensors need to be active for long time durations. </li></ul><ul><li>For implantable sensors, it is not possible to replace battery at short intervals. </li></ul><ul><li>Challenge </li></ul><ul><li>Battery power not increasing at same rate as processing power. </li></ul><ul><li>Small size (hence less energy) of the batteries in sensors. </li></ul>Solutions Solar Energy Better Battery Vibration Body Thermal Power