IS open source alone enough to help the third world?

Open Source and Free Software leaders often beam with pride that by making world class software available, that is designed so it
will will run even on computers that corporate users have discarded that we are helping the third world to overcome the digital divide. But
is the actual gap too wide to bridge?

One couple from Ottawa has been touring the world in their Yacht, and they may have shown how wide the gap really is.

The voyage of the "Northern Magic" has been going on since 1998. The 5 person
crew has been winding their way around the world, and is curently in Afica. Their Visit to Kenya has given the author of their continuing
traveloge some pause for thought

The conditions that they have found, hovels called schools, Girls sent to start families after Grade 6, lack of books and even desks
remind us that the gap between rich and poor is ever widening. Families are speding the purchasing power equivelent of the tuition to
Harvard to send their
sons to high school, yet the readers of this site realize that high school is not sufficent preparation for particpation in even a backward
ecconomy.

It would be easy to just send money, or even to ignore the problem, but left unchecked the inbalance will eventualy threaten world
stability.

There must be some clever solutions that those of us in the first world (and those in the former second world) can apply to reduce the
gap we have with the third world. Humans that are undereducated are a resource that is wasted, how may software projects could Linux
add in even a few of the Kenyans that the "Northern Magic" encountered were to learn to even use a computer?

The question I am
posing is how the free/open software method can be applied to making positive changes in the lives of folks in parts of the world where
conditions are like those encoutered by "Northern Magic"?

Open source isn't supposed to be a magic bullet to fix all the worlds
problems, but it is a small step in a (very) long process to
narrow (but not close) the digital gap.

In some countries they're not at the stage where they can use the open
source/free software to close the gap (due to lack of computers,
electricity and other essentials), but in the countries that do have
the basics of computers, maybe 386's discarded 5 years ago, open source
is very useful to get computer literacy improved. But obviously, if
these countries are using the old throwaway technology of decades past,
and the other end of the digital gap is running 4Ghz Pentium XII
machines, then the gap is probably never going to be closed.

But these problems are in the distant future for some countries, and
there are more importantproblems to be solved. (Kinda the same
view I have on Animal Welfare issues too)

However you characterize it, open source is emphatically not a
panacea. Granted, if we were somehow able to provide the following, we
might revitalize third-world countries (by some Western notion of
revitalization):

Physical protection for computer hardware. A.k.a. "buildings".

Power supply for computer hardware.

Networking infrastructure for computer communications.

Extensive training. Starting with basic literacy, through
essential mathematics, computer literacy, and computer programming.
Among many other things.

Consider how well funded the open source movement is in comparison
to major corporations. Most of us are doing this on our free time.
Granted, if each of us gave a decent amount of time, effort, and
capital, this could be realized. There are far more efficient and
worthwhile ways to spend such resources, however.

Many programs currently exist to provide such assistance. An
emphasis on simply giving nations money to solve their problems is
misguided; many modern NGO programs, however, go far beyond this.
Training people in basic subsistence is key. Use simple technologies
that help, rather than completely overwhelm the culture:
things like solar-powered irrigation pumps. Train them to make more
efficient use of land in farming. You'd be surprised how far a few
simple techniques can go towards improving crop yield. Train local
practitioners in the basics of medicine; train everyone in the
basics of hygiene. Help them to plan for the future, better preparing
for eventualities such as drought or flooding.

One more thing to be considered is a culture's own interests. Who
are we to assume that a culture needs or wants to be as materially
affluent as we are? Perhaps there is more beauty and joy in living off
the land than we will ever experience in a late-night hacking session.
Technology and wealth, and certainly not open source, are far from
being universal solutions to world problems.

What we should do is volunteer our time. Sponsor one or more
orphaned children! Write to them often; help aid their education.
Donate to one or more of the NGO's that does a good job at emphasizing
fixing problems over patching them up. We can make a difference, but
open source is not the answer.

Perhaps there is more beauty and joy in living off the land than we will
ever experience in a late-night hacking session.

Whoah, there. Let's be reasonable now... :-)

Seriously, though, this is a valid topic. I think, though, that if the
Open Source movement was intended to close any digital divide, it was
the one that exists within First World countries, between the rich and
empowered and penniless Joe Schmoe (hacker or otherwise). It is
theoretically valid to extend it in scope, but i don't think that was
the point originally.

My personal opinion on the subject is similar to
eskimoses' -- there are more immediate needs than
digital enabling. However, there are constructive efforts underway for
people to contribute their time and IT skills to developing countries:
geekcorps is a prime example.
Differences can be made.

If the people are illiterate and can't read what is on the screen, and
can't make sense of keyboards.

If people are too poor to even buy a computer.

If there are no property rights so that even those who can afford
computers are adverse to making an investment which may be stolen by
thugs, or even worse, the government itself.

The problems in the third world run deeper than computers. The biggest
problem is that there is no rule of law. There are no incentives for
businesses (or government officials) to invest even in basic
infrastructure like electrical power and analogue phone lines. It's
easier to make money from bribes and patronage. The second biggest
problem is that you don't get an education unless you're already rich.
Even in countries with reasonably good public education systems, some
people are so poor, they force their children into the workforce just to
get money to live - either poorly paid, hard work in sweatshops or EVEN
WORSE pay begging or selling trinkets on roadsides.

Yes, Open Source may help, but a lot of other things need to be done
first...

Ok, before we get complaints of how people who can't read don't need a
computer, and cant use one without electricity, let's not go to
extremes. Of course, Linux is not of much use to a Tutsi rebel in
Burundi, but it may be usefull for things such as: teaching reading or
standardized language. In Africa, in some countries like Cameron, there
are up to 200 languages, with 100 of them having a written form. Yet
all of them follow roots from colonial languages and have either Arabic
or Latin written form. If they setup let's say a 386, with a 14 inch
cheapest monitor and old an ISA video card, running svgalib, and a pc-
speaker, capable of pronouncing words, we can use it to teach the
Latin/Arabic alphabet, to teach English/French/Portugese/Arabic, all
for many people (connect the system to projector and to larger
speakers?) for a price lower then that of multiple audio cassetes,
qualified multi-lingual instructors, books.

In more developed countries such as Egypt,South Africa, Kenyva, Cot
d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), high schools and universities can buy old
equipment such as let's say 40 Sparc II's, install Linux or NetBSD on
them, complete with X as well as a Pentium 75 as a central server, to
allow those machines to be used as X terminals. Now this can bring
ability to at least teach the people how to type, teach them how to
program, improve their writing and language skills and with a 28.8
dialup or perhaps an ISDN line ability to send and receive e-mail or
even register a domain name and host a small scaled text based web
site, and even browse the web (with images disabled or with lynx)! All
using the smallest and cheapeest possible IT team, due to power of
Linux or other Free unices. And for a low price: a _REAL_ factor in
developing world -- you wouldnt feel comfortable spending the GDP of
your country on a Microsoft product which will require expensive
hardware to run and is overly complicated and costly to administer.

first. you [or, more helpfully, they themselves] have to deal with AIDs
in africa. 4 out of 5 people in south africa are HIV positive. first
[and all three of my brothers have done voluntary work in India of six
months each], you [or they] have to ensure that Mother Theresa's Hospice
doesn't give aspirin to terminally ill people who have stomach ulcers,
and that they wash the needles in between injections - to different
patients.

While I would agree with others replying here that the Third World
has massive problems which defy solution with software alone, folks who
have replied to your article may be missing an important point.

It isn't what Third World 'Have-nots' do directly with OSS
initially that matters. Rather, it is far more important
that 'guerrilla activists' have access to powerful software
technologies to mount their own grassroots campaigns to contribute to
solving these pressing social problems that matters.

For example, my wife and I were Executive Consultants in object
technology at IBM leading the classic 'Road Warrior' lives and it was
killing us, spiritually as well as physically. We are now hosts of Sohodojo, an OSS 'applied R&D Lab'
where we are attempting to rally OSS developers to contribute to
our 'role/actor executable business model'
technology agenda.

We are doing this because we believe such technology is essential as
the 'software infrastructure' for 'Small is Good' business-webs
which we intend to apply in business
development within the U.S. Enterprise Communities and Empowerment
Zones. (You will often hear these communities referred to
as 'distressed' or targets for 'renewal'.)

For us, it is more important what you do with technology rather than
seeing technology as an end in itself. That is the greatest frustration
I find with some members of the OSS community. We have so many folks
with all this energy and skills and they think that technology for
its own sake is the motivation for what they do. Technology is only
really valuable when you apply it to something useful.

For us, that did not mean traveling around the world helping IBM
customers build yet another 'enterprise system'.

If you would like to know more about our perspective, including our
recent political 'change insurgency', feel free to visit these URLs:

This isn't OSS, but it's a company with a similar mission, and it's impressive to see some of the work they have done. New Deal
Computers (http://www.newdealinc.com/) has Office and Internet suites that run on PCs as
simple as a 286 with a 10MB hard disk and 640K RAM. They seem to also be quite interested in targeting the Third World as well as
the
digital divide at home.

Excerpted from their website:

NewDeal's initial markets are the consumer, educational, small business,
non-profit and international markets. Outside of North America, Western Europe
and parts of Asia, computer usage is typically extremely low. The Internet is
typically accessed by 5% or less of populations in developing nations. For many
nations, the communications infrastructure and disposable income constraints
are severe and the barriers to computer ownership, computer literacy, and
Internet access are insurmountable with existing business models.

NewDeal addresses these markets through both its retail software products, and
through OEM hardware partners. These PC partners are introducing new lowcost
PCs sold through mass merchant outlets, as well as NewDeal GreenPCs that will
be sold through computer retail stores.

NewDeal believes that its software, with its unique performance, ease of use and
cost effectiveness, will make a major contribution in many of countries to
computer literacy and global networking. Significant initiatives are in place in the
U.K., Southern Africa, the Middle East, Brazil, and India.

Again, I'm aware it's not open-source, but some people may find it enlightening to see what other people are doing in the field and how
they intend to actually even make some money off it while helping a good cause.

A friend of mine in Australia, with close ties (and tech-related
activities) in the Philippines feels that even though free software does
offer an opportunity for indigenous IT development in LDCs and an escape
from the "software tax" imposed by proprietary Western vendors, the
scope of opportunity is limited by two factors.

The first is the widespread and rampant illicit copying of all manner
of software. It's well known that unauthorized software use is highest
in countries in which there is the least ability to pay. While I feel
that this is ultimately a trap for these countries -- if they ever do
reach the economic level at which they are able to afford licenses and a
degree of interconnectedness where sanctions might be effective, they
will be tied to a legacy code base -- the current imperative is just to
get the job done. Long-term thinking doesn't exist.

The second problem is more insidious. According to my friend, anyone
whose literacy level is high enough to read an airplane ticket has
either bought one, or is already in Australia, Japan, Europe, or the US,
making Western wages. The flip side of a globalized economy, usually
expressed as labor-intensive industries seeking out low-wage LDCs for
expansion, is that "knowledge workers", also highly portable, seek out
the high wages offered by Western nations.

I do believe that free software can help the Third World, but both
the above issues need to be addressed to make the effort more than a
marginal activity.

I'm kinda late to the topic, but wanted to throw in something that I
haven't yet seen considered.
As a student at a liberal arts school, I
have the advantage of being an Anthropology minor. One of the
points that Anthropology encounters often is the fact that third
world countries more often than not exist in areas of the world with
distinctly non-western thought processes. Which, I think, raises
an interesting point--how much of modern computing requires a
western mindset?
Think about the user interface in a typical macintosh or x-windows
program. Could you explain what an icon is to a Vietnamese
shcool child? How about the concept of a symbolic link? In a
certain way, a lot of the concepts that we take for granted in a
standard computing environment are steeped in the often dualistic
Western mindset.
The good news is that Japan and China are regions of the world
that have embraced high technology. The bad news is, it may
have come at a cost: Westernization. Ever since World War II,
Japan and China have both focused on becoming more
"Western", even surpassing much of the west. Can we bridge the
tech gap and still allow this diversity of minds?

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