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Though Wittgenstein’s On Certainty has been influential in analytic
epistemology, its interpretation has been enormously controversial. It is true that
exegesis has been mainly concerned with the proper characterization of Wittgenstein’s
very notion of ‘certainty’; however, some important questions remain unanswered
regarding this notion. On the one hand, I am above all referring to the study of the
possibilities we have of retaining a certainty when it has seemingly been placed into
question and, on the other hand, of regaining a certainty once it has been lost. In this
paper, I attempt to provide a detailed answer to both questions. In so doing, some
important features of the picture of ourselves which emerges from Wittgenstein’s On
Certainty are also revealed.

In this paper, I describe the main lines of modern error theory, a systemic theory which regards errors not as the results of someone's negligence, but as parts of a complex system. Bearing in mind that errors must be ...