Norfleet Family Genealogy

Merton College, Oxford, the college of Master John de Northflete

The Slave Narrative of Lizzie
Norfleet

Introduction by Phil Norfleet

Between the years 1936 and 1938, the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
of the Federal Government compiled 2,194 oral interviews with ex-slaves. The typewritten
records of these interviews were deposited in the Library of Congress. The records were
rarely used until the interviews were published by the Greenwood Press in 1972. One of
these interviews, conducted by Carrie Campbell in 1936, was of a former slave named Lizzie
Norfleet. Lizzie had been born a slave on the plantation owned by Philip Ford Norfleet in
Coahoma County, Mississippi. In the narrative, Lizzie refers to her owner as
"Ferd" Norfleet.

Philip Ford Norfleet, usually known as Ford Norfleet, was an absentee
owner; he was a practicing medical doctor in Montgomery County, Tennessee. His home was
located near the once flourishing, but now deserted, town of Port Royal.

The plantation in Mississippi was operated by overseers and was only
periodically visited by Ford Norfleet, probably about once a year. A written transcription
of the oral interview follows. My comments on the narrative are placed in brackets within
the body of the narrative.

The Narrative of Lizzie Norfleet

There aint no need for me to try to tell you how old I is cause I
dont know, and nobody dont know. When the folks with learning figures it out,
one says one thing and one says another so I just decided if they cant make their
calculation come out the same, they dont know a bit more about it than me. While the
war was going on, I was a good big girl, old enough to carry water to the fields for
twenty-five hands and to drive the mule around to run the gin. Children was more apt in
them days and they learned more. Thats why I dont know how old I was when I
drove that mule. Off-handed, I would say in the neighborhood of twelve years, but I
dont know.

I was born on the Norfleet place in Quitman County. [Ford
Norfleets plantation was actually in adjacent Coahoma County] My father, Jack Flagg,
and my mother, Sally came from Tennessee. I never had but one brother. His name was Bob.
He died when he was a baby. I had two sisters, Lou and Nellie. All of us belonged to Mr.
Ferd Norfleet, even to my grandpa and grandma. I can remember when my grandma, Aggie,
died, but I cant recall my grandpa, Bob.

All the houses, where the slaves lived, was built of logs and was long
side of each other. They was known at the quarters. We had homemade wooden beds to sleep
in. The mattresses was stuffed with hay. They wasnt bad, cause they was thick
enough to be soft.

We was fed on what-so-ever was raised on the place. Each family had a
garden, over by the edge of the woods. Our meal was made from the corn raised in the
field. It made good bread and we liked it. The smokehouse was always kept full of hog
meat. My father had good dogs and did a heap of hunting. We was always well supplied with
possum, coons, and rabbits. He was a good fisherman too and would bring home the prettiest
string of fish you ever seed. Everybody did their own cooking, in their own house, over
the big log fire. Every morning before day the overseer blowed the horn for to wake the
hands up. They had to dress, cook the breakfast and be ready for work by daybreak. They
had three different overseers that I knowed, Mr. Dickerson, Mr. Waddell, and the last one,
Mr. Polk. They were pretty nice till they got mad. Then they was fractious. All of our
clothes was made on the place. The cloth was woven right there too, that they was made of.
The dresses for the women was beautiful, one dark stripe and one dark stripe. Folks them
days knowed how to mix pretty colors. In the summertime we didnt wear nothing but
slip on shirts. In the winter we had real heavy underclothes to keep us warm. Our shoes
was bought. They was made of thick leather and had brass tips over the toes. That brass
sure did dress them off. They don' put brass on shoes any more and I can't see why;
they lasted heaps longer and looked so much nicer.

Master Ferd Norfleet [Philip Ford Norfleet, 1803-1871), and his wife,
Miss Elvira, [Elvira Cabell Hopson], had three children: one girl, Miss Boyd, [Virginia
Boyd Norfleet, 1844-1876] and two sons, George and Tom. [George H. Norfleet, 1846-1872 and
Thomas Jefferson Norfleet, 1839-1883] They lived in Memphis [This is wrong, they lived in
Port Royal, Tennessee] and only came now and then occasionally down to the place to see
how things was going. Master built a big house where the overseer lived and kept part of
it for his self and family whensoever they cared to come to the plantation. Mister Sam [??
I dont know who this is] always came down for New Years and brought a lot of young
folks with him. He would invite all the neighbors in, get the old fiddler to play for them
to dance, and call their self seeing the New ear in. The house looked mighty pretty all
glowing with lights. It was a nice house, built out of lumber, like they use now, not no
log houses like we lived in. The yard was filled with pecan trees and the grass was always
mowed. Masters place wasnt no scrubby place, I tell you that, and there was no
poor whites living anywhere near us, nothing but niggers. How many I dont know, but
there was sure a heap of them. The place was so big it took many a one to work it. I
wouldnt have no idea how many acres master owned. During cotton picking time every
body stopped work before dark, so as to get the cotton they had picked to the gin house to
be weighed. They carried it in wheel barrows. Every body had to stay till his cotton was
weighed to see if they had enough for a days work. Sometimes the lanterns would have
to be lit to see to weigh the last of the cotton.

When the cotton was ginned, all the seed that was kept for planting was
put in the seed house and the rest of them was piled up outside. Whenever my feet got cold
I would dig a hole in the seed pile and put my feet in it. They will get just as warm that
way as putting them to the fire. Old Sterling Flagg, who helped me drive the mule to run
the gin, learned me that.

The overseer was the one that done the punishing. We never heared of
such a thing as jails. If a person wouldnt work or if he ran off, he would get
whipped for that, and if he did it the second time, he got whipped harder. I can remember
two, that ran off. One was a cripple woman, and one was my uncle. They got them both back
and they both got whipped. I never is seed no slave with chains on nor is I ever seed any
bought or sold. I is heared my mother tell how she was put on the block and auctioned off
to the highest bidder, but I never seed none of that. None of us could read or write and
we never had nobody try to learn us. When Master and old Miss come down from Memphis, they
always brought us clothes and shoes. Old Master call himself giving us a lecture. He would
get us all together and tell us we must be good. He say he is a Christian and he
aint going to be cruel to nobody nor allow no mistreatment to none of his slaves.
There wasnt no church of no kind on the place. The old people would go to one
another's house and sing and pray. There was an old man on the place that was a kind of
preacher. They whipped him one day but he wouldnt deny. He said that was his victory
over hell, and if they whipped him to death, when they turned him loose, he was going on
the same way. We didnt have no Bible reading. No baptizings and no preaching. If a
slave died there wasnt no Christian burial but the box with the corpse in it was
taken to the graveyard in a wagon. All the slaves went to the grave, and from there they
went back to work. There wasnt no song, no prayer, no nothing, over the dead.
Another thing I is never heared of, any trouble of no kind between the whites and the
colored. If a slave ran off he didnt go to the North, he only went to the woods and
hid. The patrollers and night riders didnt interfere on us place we didnt know
nothing about them.

The 4th of July was the day for the big barbecues. First on
one place, then on another. Like this year, we would hold it one place and the neighbors
would all come. Next year they would hold it, and us would all go. We liked that getting
together cause it was the only way we had of passing the news, when we meet up one to the
other. At that if was mighty little we ever heared. Some times we held dances on the place
Saturday nights. For the music one man would beat on a tin pan and two would blow quills.
That was fine to dance by. We would cut up and have a good time. No work was done Saturday
after dinner, except washing the clothes and none at all on Sunday. We could do whatever
we wanted to on that day. In he fall of the year we liked to go to the woods and gather
nuts and simmons. Christmas Day was just like Sunday. We didnt work and we
didnt have celebration, not even for the children. On rainy days we had corn
shucking but that wasnt no party. Course we liked it cause we was all together
laughing, singing, and having a good time. At that the corn had to be shucked just the
same.

Slaves didnt have no weddings with a preacher and all that. Had
nothing to do but let the Master know it, and he tell you can be man and wife.

The children on the place had a good time. They was carefree till they
got old enough to work. They was looked after careful and made to obey. They wasnt
allowed to be sassy and impertinent to old folks. The girls would ring up their little
games and the boys play marbles. The old folks told them ghost stories that scared them
most to death. Our house was near a graveyard. On rainy nights I wouldnt take my
eyes off that graveyard looking out for some of the haunts that walk at night. Some folks
cant see them and I is one of that kind. Even when I hears them, I cant see
them. One night I was sick and staying at my mothers house so she could take care of
me. I heared something fall in the middle of the floor. I set up straight in bed but I
couldnt see nothing. I just says to myself "If you is a spirit you aint
going to do nothing to me and I aint going to do nothing to you." He was
passing on wheresoever he was going to.

When the slaves got sick, a doctor from Friars Point was sent for to
tend them. The old woman on the place looked after them till they was up. The old woman
took care of the babies and children too. They had done learned about different herbs and
how to make tea out of them for the babies. The older children had their worm medicine put
in molasses so they wouldnt mind eating it. Every child wore an asafetida bag around
the neck to keep them from ketching diseases. For in those days they did not know nothing
bout no charms or nothin of the kind. The asafetida bag was the only dependence.

There wasnt no big to do when freedom came. We knowed it by the
change in the work. Stead of working for nothing, we was told we was going to get
two-thirds of the crop. Outside of that, we didnt see no difference. Old Master
didnt even come down to the place. We never seed no Yankee soldiers but the rebel
soldiers camped in Masters home. The Ku Klux Klan and the Night Riders never came to
interrupt the Norfleet place. Heared of them, but never seed them. We only made one crop
on that place after freedom. We moved on Mrs. Pages place. Dr. Peace wanted to get
us on his place, cause he had knowed all my family, on account of being the doctor
for the Norfleets. He makes some sort of satisfaction arrangement with Mrs. Page and moves
us all on to his place. I lived there till I was grown and married. My children were all
born there. Years later my husband bought a forty acre block on the Irvin place. After we
moved up there, we found in place of buying, we was paying ten dollars an acre, and they
couldnt sell, cause there was too many heirs. My husband then bought this little
home on the Reinhart place. I has been living in it ever since.

I married Jim Norfleet some years after the war. We didnt have no
big wedding. We got the license from the Courthouse at Friars Point. Nat Black, the
preacher, married us a Berry Moores house, where prayer meetings was held. After the
meeting we stayed and was married. I had six children, three boys, Henry, Tom, and
Richard, and three girls, Nellie, Jettie and Charity. Nellie and Richard are dead. Henry
lives here in the house with me; Tom across the road; Jettie at Lyon, and Charity at
Shufordsville. All of them farms by the day. How many grandchildren I got I couldnt
begin to tell. These little one playing around is my great grandchildren. I has got a heap
of them too. I keeps some of them in the day time while their mas is picking cotton.
I aint never been married but the one time. I never met my husband till after the
surrender, when he came to the Peace place, where we got attached. He fought in the war on
the North side. When he died, twelve years ago, he left me this house in the clear. The
government pays me a pension of forty dollars a month. I was getting fifty but they done
cut it to forty.

The report came out after the war that every family was going to get
forty acres and a mule to start them out. Aint never seed nobody what received
nothing. All I seed is transferring from plantation to plantation. You wasnt made to
stay nowhere so they all moved about.

There was a lot of talk after the war about Abraham Lincoln. Lord,
thats been so far back I cant recollect much about it, cept he worked
for freedom. The colored was all under bondage and they was afraid to speak till after
freedom. For that cause, very little was said. If we heared a cannon go off, we speak low
about it, just kinda whisper it, under our hands, one to the other. There wasnt much
said about Jefferson Davis. According to the Bible, he was wrong. The Lord said "The
World was made sufficient for all to have a living." He never intended bondage for
nobody. Thats why he made the world big enough for everybody to have a home. Booker
T. Washingtons occupation was right. He taught slavery was no good. I dont
know nothing about that reconstruction. The men folks might know cause I is heared
them say they voted, but I dont know if they did or not. There was a colored man by
the name of Brown that held a big public office at Friars Point. If I dont mistake
he was the High Sheriff. That caused a big riot. They Made him leave out of there, and he
aint never been heared of in this part of the country since.

Long after the War, schools was started for the colored. Lots of them
went and learned to read and write. Nearly all of this younger generation is got some
education, but with that, they aint brought up like I come. The world done changed.
The young ones brings there own self up now. The women dont tend to their children
no more. Not none of them.

Ever since I was a young woman I has been a church member. I belongs to
the Liberty Baptist Church. I dont do to services very often now, cause I is
getting old and dont get about much. Everybody is better off if they have a good
religion to depend on, so when they go away from here they will be ready to find that
better place.