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Transcription occurs when RNA polymerase connects to a strand of DNA. The RNA polymerase forms a strand of RNA by joining nucleotides into a chain, using DNA as the template.

Three types of RNA are produced. Messenger RNA is the template used to create proteins. Ribosomal RNA uses the messenger RNA to determine the order of amino acids for the protein being created. Transfer RNA carries loose amino acids to be bonded to the end of the protein chain.