Hot springs harbour microbial diversity

Scientists isolate untapped bacterial cultures from Unkeshwar hot springs on the bank of river Penganga and are studying their metabolic use in enzyme biotechnology and environmental remediation.

The team of scientists from the National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM) who are conducting the study at the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune.

Microorganisms can be found in almost every habitat in the environment owing to their capacity to adapt and to survive. Some of them can withstand extremely hot environments such as natural hot springs. Studying such organisms can help in understanding not just why they are so hardy but may also yield new and useful chemicals.

A team of scientists from the National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM) at National Chemical Laboratory, Pune have isolated untapped bacterial cultures from Unkeshwar hot springs on the bank of river Penganga in Maharashtra. These bacteria are being studied for their metabolic use in enzyme biotechnology and environmental remediation.

A total of 454 bacterial isolates obtained were mapped into 57 unique bacterial genera and four different bacterial phyla. Interestingly, 37 genera which are not yet reported from Indian hot springs, were isolated for the first time in the study. “Most of these genera (23 out of 37) were reported only in the genetic material recovered from the environment from Indian and global hot springs. Furthermore, around 14 genera not previously cultivated and not detected in such studies of hot springs are documented in our study,” Dr Mahesh Dharne, team leader and in-charge of NCIM, told India Science Wire.

Simulation analyses of these isolates revealed the presence of around 315 metabolic pathways responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of secondary metabolites and degradation of xenobiotic compounds. Further studies showed that 33 and 25 bacterial genera were positive for enzyme production (cellulase, xylanase, amylase, and protease) and were resistant to heavy metals like chromium and arsenic.

"Our study promotes the use of larger scale microbial cultivation studies for isolating the unexplored species which can be further exploited in basic and applied microbiology areas like enzyme technology for biofuel production, cleaning up polluted areas. However, newer cultivation approaches need to be applied for gaining increased access to a greater part of bacterial communities in Indian hot spring environments using systematic and coordinated approach," Dr Dharne explained.

The research team included Gajanan Mehetre, Manan Shah, Syed G. Dastager, Dr Mahesh S. Dharne. The research work was funded by Science and Engineering Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology under a special grant for critical zone research and fellowship support from the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi. The study has been published in the journal Archives of Microbiology. (India Science Wire)