The following Table is a guide to the principal political parties and coalitions of the world. All countries that were independent on Dec. 31, 1996, are included, except the Vatican City State. In most instances parties are included only if represented in elected parliaments (in the lower house in bicameral legislatures). (Party names may be condensed or omitted for reasons of space or to more clearly indicate party groupings.) The first column under "Parliamentary representation" indicates the number of seats obtained in the most recent general election and excludes nonelective seats and seats still undecided. If only a portion of the seats were at stake, the figure given indicates the total number of seats held by each party after the election. The second column (in parentheses) represents the number of seats in the penultimate election and may include different coalitions. The date of the most recent election follows the name of the country.

Parlia-

Voting

mentary

Country

Affili-

strength

represen-

Name of party

ation

(%)

tation

Afghanistan

Multifactional warfare from January 1993

—

—

—

Albania (May–June 1996)

Democratic Party

CR

55.5

122

(92)

Albanian Republican Party

CR

5.7

3

(1)

Socialist Party

x

20.4

10

(38)

Greek minority party

e

4.0

3

(2)

Others

—

14.4

2

(7)

Algeria

Interim government since January 1992

—

—

—

Andorra (December 1993)

National Democratic

Grouping and allies

CL

...

15

Others and independents

—

...

13

Angola (September 1992)

Popular Liberation Movement of Angola–Labour Party (MPLA–PT)

x

53.7

129

(203)

National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)

—

34.1

70

—

Others

—

12.2

21

—

Antigua and Barbuda (March 1994)

Antigua Labour Party

C

54.4

11

(15)

United Progressive Party

C

43.7

5

(1)

Barbuda People’s Movement

e

1.4

1

(1)

Argentina (May 1995)

Justicialist National Movement (Peronist)

CR–CL

43.1

136

(125)

Radical Civic Union

C

21.7

69

(83)

Front for a Country in Solidarity (Frepaso coalition)

CL

21.0

26

(13)

Others

—

14.2

26

(36)

Armenia (July 1995)

Armenian National Movement and allies

—

42.7

119

Women’s organization

—

16.9

8

Democratic Party

x

12.1

7

Others and independents

—

28.3

56

Australia (March 1996)

National Party of Australia

R

8.2

18

(16)

Liberal Party of Australia

C

38.7

76

(49)

Australian Labor Party

L

38.7

49

(80)

Others and independents

—

14.4

5

(2)

Austria (December 1995)

Austrian Freedom Party

R

21.9

40

(42)

Liberal Forum

—

5.5

10

(11)

Austrian People’s Party

C

28.3

53

(52)

Austrian Social Democratic Party

SD

38.1

71

(65)

The Green Alternative

Lg

4.8

9

(13)

Azerbaijan (November 1995–February 1996)

New Azerbaijan Party

p

...

67

Others

—

...

12

Independents

—

...

46

Bahamas, The (August 1992)

Progressive Liberal Party

C

44.7

15

(31)

Free National Movement

C

55.0

34

(16)

Others

—

0.3

0

(2)

Bahrain

Consultative Council (advisory body)

—

—

—

Bangladesh (June–September 1996)

Bangladesh Nationalist Party

CR

...

113

(212)

National Party (coalition)

—

...

33

*

Awami League

SD

...

176

*

Islamic Assembly

r

...

3

*

Others

—

...

5

(2)

Barbados (September 1994)

Democratic Labour Party

C

38.8

8

(18)

National Democratic Party

—

12.1

1

(0)

Barbados Labour Party

SD

48.8

19

(10)

Belarus

Constitutional parliament abolished November 1996

Belgium (May 1995)

National Front (French)

ERe

2.3

2

(1)

Vlaams Blok (Flemish)

ERe

7.8

11

(12)

Volksunie (Flemish)

Re

4.7

5

(10)

Liberals Flemish

CR

13.1

21

(26)

French

CR

10.3

18

(20)

Social Christians Flemish

C

17.2

29

(39)

French

C

7.7

12

(18)

Socialists Flemish

SD

12.6

20

(28)

French

SD

11.9

21

(35)

Greens Flemish

g

4.4

5

(7)

French

g

4.0

6

(10)

Others

—

4.0

0

(6)

Belize (June 1993)

United Democratic Party

R

48.8

16

(13)

People’s United Party

C

51.2

13

(15)

Benin (March–May 1995)

Government party and allies

—

...

32

Opposition parties

—

...

50

Bhutan

National Assembly, non-party

—

—

105

Bolivia (June 1993)

Civic Solidarity Union

R

13.3

19

—

Nationalist Revolutionary Movement

CR

35.1

51

(40)

Patriotic Accord (coalition)

—

21.2

36

(71)

Conscience of the Fatherland

CL

12.5

13

(9)

Free Bolivia Movement

L

5.3

7

—

Others

—

12.6

4

(10)

Bosnia and Herzegovina (September 1996)

Muslim-nationalist party

er

37.8

19

Serb-nationalist party

er

24.0

9

Croat-nationalist party

er

14.0

8

Pro multi-ethnic parties

—

11.3

4

Others

—

12.9

2

Botswana (October 1994)

Botswana Democratic Party

C

54.4

27

(31)

Botswana National Front

CL

37.1

13

(3)

Brazil (October 1994)

Progressive Renewal Party

CR

...

52

(22)

Social Democrats and allies

C

...

192

(177)

Brazilian Democratic Movement

CL

...

107

(109)

Workers’ Party and ally

L

...

66

(46)

Democratic Labour Party

L

...

34

(46)

Others

—

...

62

(103)

Brunei

Legislative Council (nonelected)

—

—

—

Bulgaria (December 1994)

Bulgarian Business Bloc

R

4.7

13

(0)

People’s Union

CR

6.5

18

—

Union of Democratic Forces

—

24.2

69

(110)

Bulgarian Socialist Party

x

43.5

125

(106)

Movement for Rights and Freedoms (Turkish)

e

5.4

15

(24)

Burkina Faso (May 1992)

Government coalition

...

...

84

Opposition parties

...

...

23

Burundi (June 1993)

Burundi Democratic Front

—

72.6

65

Unity for National Progress

—

21.9

16

Cambodia (May 1993)

Funcinpec

CR

45.5

58

Buddhist Liberal Democrats

L

3.8

10

Cambodian People’s Party

x

38.2

51

Others

—

12.5

1

Cameroon (March 1992)

People’s Democratic Movement and allied party

—

...

94

(180)

Opposition parties

—

...

86

—

Canada (October 1993)

Reform

R

18.1

52

—

Progressive Conservative

CR

16.1

2

(170)

Liberal

C

41.6

177

(82)

New Democratic

SD

6.6

9

(43)

Bloc Québécois

e

13.9

54

—

Others and independents

—

3.7

1

(0)

Cape Verde (December 1995)

Movement for Democracy

—

61.3

50

(56)

African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde

—

29.8

21

(23)

Democratic Convergence Party

—

6.7

1

—

Central African Republic (August–September 1993)

Central African People’s Liberation Movement

—

...

34

Others

—

...

51

Chad

Transitional legislature from April 1993

—

—

—

Chile (December 1993)

Independent Democratic Union

ER

...

15

(11)

National Renovation and allied party

R

...

31

(29)

Centre-right independents

CR

...

4

(8)

Christian Democratic Party

C

...

37

(38)

Leftist parties and independent

CL–L

...

33

(34)

China (September 1992–March 1993)

National People’s Congress

K

...

2,978

Colombia (March 1994)

Social Conservative Party

R

...

56

(15)

Other rightist parties

R

...

2

(24)

Liberal Party

C

...

89

(86)

Democratic Alliance–April 19 Movement

L

...

2

(15)

Others

—

...

14

(21)

Comoros (December 1996)

Government party

p

...

36

(24)

Opposition coalition

—

...

*

(18)

National Front for Justice

r

...

3

—

Independents

—

...

4

—

Congo (May 1993–April 1995)

Presidential Tendency

—

...

66

(69)

Opposition Coalition

—

...

57

(49)

Others

—

...

0

(7)

Costa Rica (February 1994)

Social Christian Unity Party

CR

40.4

25

(29)

National Liberation Party

CL

44.6

28

(25)

Others

—

15.0

4

(3)

Côte d’Ivoire (December 1996)

Democratic Party of Côte d’Ivoire

—

...

149

(147)

Rally of Republicans

C

...

13

(14)

Ivorian Popular Front

SD

...

13

(10)

Croatia (October 1995)

Croatian Party of Rights

ERe

5.0

4

(5)

Croatian Democratic Union

Re

45.2

75

(85)

Moderate opposition coalition

R–C

18.3

20

(6)

Croatian Social-Liberal Party

CL

11.6

11

(14)

Social Democratic Party

x

8.9

9

(11)

Others and independents

—

11.0

8

(17)

Cuba (February 1993)

Government (single) party

K

...

589

(499)

Cyprus

Greek Zone (May 1996)

Democratic Rally/Liberals

R

34.5

20

(20)

Democratic Party

CR

16.4

10

(11)

EDEK–SK (Socialists)

CL

8.1

5

(7)

Free Democrats Movement

CL

3.7

2

—

Progressive Party of the Working People

L

33.0

19

(18)

Turkish Zone (December 1993)

National Unity Party

CR

29.9

17

Democrat Party

—

29.2

15

Communal Liberation Party

CL

13.3

5

Republican Turkish Party

S

24.2

13

Czech Republic (May–June 1996)

Association for the Republic–Czech Republican Party

ER

8.0

18

(14)

Governing coalition

R–CR

44.1

99

(105)

Czech Social Democratic Party

SD

26.4

61

(16)

Liberal Social Union (coalition)

Lg

—

—

(16)

Communist (reformed) party

x

10.3

22

(35)

Left Bloc

K

1.8

0

Others

—

9.4

0

(14)

Denmark (September 1994)

Progress

ER

6.4

11

(12)

Liberal

R

23.3

42

(29)

Conservative People’s

R

15.0

27

(30)

Christian People’s

CR

1.8

0

(4)

Centre Democrats

C

2.8

5

(9)

Radical Liberal

C

4.6

8

(7)

Social Democrats

CL

34.6

62

(69)

Socialist People’s

L

7.3

13

(15)

Red-Green Unity List

Lg

3.1

6

(0)

Faroe Islands and Greenland

—

—

4

(4)

Independents

—

1.0

1

(0)

Djibouti (December 1992)

Popular Rally for Progress

—

74.6

65

(65)

New Democratic Party

—

25.4

0

—

Dominica (June 1995)

Dominica Freedom Party

CR

35.8

5

(11)

Dominica United Workers’ Party

CL

34.4

11

(6)

Labour Party

L

29.6

5

(4)

Independents/others

—

0.2

0

(1)

Dominican Republic (May 1994)

Social Christian Reformist Party

CR

39.7

50

(40)

Dominican Revolutionary Party and allies

L

42.7

57

(36)

Dominican Liberation Party

L

16.1

13

(44)

Ecuador (May 1996)

Social Christian Party

CR

30.7

27

(26)

Popular Democracy

C

10.4

12

(4)

Roldosist Party

C

19.9

19

(11)

Democratic Left

SD

6.3

4

(8)

Alfarist Radical Front

L

6.8

3

(2)

Democratic Popular Movement

EL

4.4

2

(8)

New Country–Pachakutik Movement (indigenous interests)

e

10.9

8

—

Others

—

10.6

7

(18)

Egypt (November–December 1995)

New Wafd Party

R

...

6

—

National Democratic Party

CR

...

317

(348)

National Progressive Unionist

L

...

5

(6)

Other parties

—

...

3

—

Independents

—

...

113

(83)

El Salvador (March 1994)

Nationalist Republican Alliance (Arena)

R

45

39

(39)

National Conciliation Party

R

...

4

(9)

Christian Democratic Party

CR

16

18

(26)

Democratic Convergence

L

...

1

(8)

Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front

L

29

21

—

Others

—

...

1

(2)

Equatorial Guinea (November 1993)

Democratic Party

—

...

68

(41)

Principal opposition parties

—

—

*

—

Others

—

...

12

—

Eritrea

Transitional government from May 1993

—

—

—

Estonia (March 1995)

Republican and Conservative People’s Party

R

5.0

5

—

Pro Patria ("Fatherland") Coalition

CR

7.9

8

(29)

Estonian Reform Party

CR

16.2

19

—

Estonian Centre Party

CL

14.2

16

—

Coalition and Rural People’s Union

CL/x

32.2

41

(17)

Moderates

SD

6.0

6

(12)

Our Home is Estonia (pro-Russian alliance)

e

5.9

6

—

Others

—

12.6

0

(43)

Ethiopia (May–June 1995)

Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front

...

...

493

Major opposition parties

—

—

*

Others and independents

—

...

54

Fiji (February 1994)

Ethnic Fijian seats

e

...

37

(37)

Ethnic Indian seats

e

...

27

(27)

Chinese/European seats

e

...

4

(4)

Multiracial seat

e

...

1

(1)

Rotuma Island

e

...

1

(1)

Finland (March 1995)

Finnish Christian Union

R

3.0

7

(8)

National Coalition

CR

17.9

39

(40)

Swedish People’s Party

e

5.1

12

(12)

Finnish Centre

C

19.9

44

(55)

Social Democratic Party

S

28.3

63

(48)

Left-Wing Alliance

L–K

11.2

22

(19)

Green Union

g

6.5

9

(10)

Others

—

8.1

4

(8)

France (March 1993; 1st round %s)

National Front

ER

12.4

0

(1)

Rally for the Republic (RPR)

R

20.4

247

(127)

Other right-wing parties

R

4.7

24

(16)

Union for French Democracy (UDF)

CR

19.1

213

(129)

Socialist Party

S

17.6

54

(260)

Other left-wing parties

L

4.5

16

(16)

Communist Party

K

9.2

23

(27)

Others

—

12.1

0

(1)

Gabon (December 1996)

Gabonese Democratic Party

—

...

76

(66)

National Rally of Woodcutters

e

...

12

(17)

Gabonese Progress Party

—

...

6

(19)

Others and independents

—

...

18

(18)

Gambia, The

House of Representatives dissolved July 1994

—

—

—

Georgia (November–December 1995)

All Georgian Union of Revival

CR

6.8

32

—

National Democratic Party

CR

8.0

34

(12)

Citizens of Georgia Union

—

23.7

106

—

Others and independents

—

61.5

63

(228)

Germany (October 1994)

Christian Social Union

R

7.3

50

(51)

Christian Democratic Union

CR

34.2

244

(268)

Free Democratic Party

C

6.9

47

(79)

Social Democratic Party

SD

36.4

252

(239)

Party of Democratic Socialism

x

4.4

30

(17)

Greens/Alliance ’90

g

7.3

49

(8)

Others

—

3.5

0

(0)

Ghana (December 1996)

National Democratic Congress

p

...

133

(189)

New Patriotic Party

—

...

60

(0)

Others

—

...

6

(11)

Greece (September 1996)

Political Spring

CR

2.9

0

(10)

New Democracy

CR

38.1

108

(111)

Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Pasok)

S

41.5

162

(170)

Democratic Renewal Movement

L

4.4

9

Progressive Left Coalition

L–K

5.1

10

(0)

Communist Party

K–EL

5.6

11

(9)

Grenada (June 1995)

Grenada United Labour Party

R

26.8

2

(4)

National Democratic Congress

C

31.1

5

(7)

New National Party

C

32.7

8

(2)

Others

—

9.4

0

(2)

Guatemala (November 1995)

National Advancement Party

Rp

34.7

43

(24)

Guatemalan Republican Front

Rp

19.5

21

(32)

Other rightist parties

R

8.7

3

(3)

National Alliance

C

13.0

7

(21)

New Guatemala Democratic Front

CL

8.5

6

—

Guinea (June 1995)

Presidential party and allies

—

...

76

Opposition parties

—

...

38

Guinea-Bissau (July 1994)

African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde

L

46.0

62

(150)

Guinea-Bissau Resistance

—

19.2

19

—

Other opposition parties

—

34.8

19

—

Guyana (October 1992)

United Force

CR

1.2

1

(2)

People’s National Congress

Se

43.6

31

(42)

People’s Progressive Party

Se

52.3

32

(8)

Working People’s Alliance

L

1.7

1

(1)

Haiti (June–September 1995)

Lavalas movement

C–L

...

68

Others and independents

—

...

15

Honduras (November 1993)

National Party

R

43.0

55

(71)

Liberal Party

CR

53.0

71

(55)

Others

—

4.0

2

(2)

Hungary (May 1994)

Independent Smallholders

R

8.8

26

(43)

Hungarian Democratic Forum

CR

11.7

37

(165)

Christian Democratic People’s Party

CR

7.1

22

(21)

Alliance of Free Democrats

CL

19.8

70

(92)

Federation of Young Democrats

L

7.0

20

(21)

Hungarian Socialist Party

x

33.0

209

(33)

Others and independents

—

12.6

2

(11)

Iceland (April 1995)

Independence Party

R

37.1

25

(26)

Progressive Party

C

23.3

15

(13)

Women’s Alliance

CL

4.9

3

(5)

People’s Movement

CL

7.2

4

(10)

Social Democratic Party

SD

11.4

7

People’s Alliance

L

14.3

9

(9)

India (April–May 1996)

Bharatiya Janata Party

Rr

23.5

161

(119)

Allied parties

Rr

...

34

(4)

Congress (I)

C

29.8

136

(226)

Allied parties

C

...

5

(17)

Janata Dal and leftist allies

CL–K

...

112

(115)

Allied regional parties

e

...

58

(16)

Others (includes vacant seats)

—

...

37

(46)

Indonesia (June 1992)

Golkar (Functional Groups)

—

68

281

(299)

United Development Party

r

17

63

(61)

Indonesian Democratic Party

—

15

56

(40)

Iran (March–April 1996)

Society of Combatant Clergy "group"

ERr

...

110

(155†)

Servants of Iran’s Construction "group"

Rr

...

80

(115†)

Others

—

...

58

Iraq (March 1996)

Ba’th Party

—

...

160

(250)

Allied independents

—

...

60

Ireland (November 1992)

Progressive Democrats

R

4.7

10

(5)

Fianna Fail (Republican)

C

39.1

68

(77)

Fine Gael (United Ireland)

C

24.5

45

(55)

Labour Party

SD

19.3

33

(16)

Democratic Left

S

2.8

4

(7)

Green Alliance

g

1.4

1

(1)

Others

—

8.2

5

(5)

Israel (May 1996)

Moledet

ER

...

2

(3)

United Torah Judaism (orthodox)

r

3.3

4

(4)

Shas (orthodox)

r

8.6

10

(6)

National Religious Party

r

7.8

9

(6)

Likud and allies

R

24.8

32

(40)

Israel for Immigration (Russian)

Ce

5.8

7

—

The Third Way

C

...

4

—

Israel Labor Party

SD

26.6

34

(44)

Meretz

CL

7.3

9

(12)

United Arab List

e

...

4

(2)

Hadash

L

4.4

5

(3)

Italy (April 1996)

Northern League

Re

10.1

59

(366)

Right-wing alliance

R

44.0

246

National Alliance

R

15.7

...

(109)

Forza Italia

R

20.6

...

(112)

Centrist parties

C

43.4

319

(46)

Left-wing pact/alliance

L

(213)

Democratic Party of the Left

SD

21.1

...

(114)

Green List

g

2.5

...

(11)

Communist Refoundation Party

K

8.6

...

(41)

Others

—

2.5

6

(5)

Jamaica (March 1993)

Jamaica Labour Party

CL

39

8

(15)

People’s National Party

L

61

52

(45)

Japan (October 1996)

Liberal-Democratic Party

R

...

239

(223)

Democratic Party

—

...

52

—

New Frontier Party (Shinshinto)

R–SD

...

156

(160)

Social Democratic Party

SD

...

15

(70)

Japan Communist Party

L

...

26

(15)

Others and independents

—

...

12

(43)

Jordan (November 1993)

Islamic Action Front

r

...

16

(20)

Independent Islamic fundamentalists

r

...

5

(12)

Tribal/traditional candidates

C

...

49

(17)

Independent centrists

C

...

3

Leftists

L

...

7

(11)

Kazakstan (December 1995–February 1996)

Pro-presidential parties

—

...

53

Opposition independents

—

...

14

Kenya (December 1992)

Kenya African National Union

—

...

100

(188)

Forum for Restoration of Democracy (2 wings)

—

...

62

—

Democratic Party

—

...

23

—

Others

—

...

3

—

Kiribati (July 1994)

Christian Democratic Party

p

...

13

Gilbertese National Progressive Party

p

...

7

Independents

—

...

19

Korea, North (April 1990)

Korean Workers’ Party

K

99.8

687

Korea, South (April 1996)

United Liberal Democrats

R

16.2

50

—

New Korea Party (former Liberal Democrats)

CR

34.5

139

(149)

Democratic Party

CL

11.2

15

(97)

National Congress for New Politics

CL

25.3

79

—

Others and independents

—

12.8

16

(53)

Kuwait (October 1996)

Islamic fundamentalists

r

...

16

(19)

Government supporters

—

...

30

(15)

Liberal opposition

—

...

4

(6)

Kyrgyzstan (February–April 1995)

Pro-government independents

—

...

90

Others

—

...

15

Laos (December 1992)

Government (single) party

K

...

85

(79)

Latvia (October 1995)

People’s Movement for Latvia

ERp

15.1

16

—

Fatherland and Freedom

ERe

11.6

14

(6)

National Conservative Party

Re

6.2

8

(15)

Farmer’s Union and allies

CR

6.1

8

(18)

Latvia’s Way

C

14.7

17

(36)

Saimnieks ("In Charge")

CL

15.3

18

—

National Harmony Party (pro-Russian)

CL

5.6

6

(13)

Unity Party

K

7.2

8

—

Others

—

5.7

5

(12)

Lebanon (August–September 1996)

Christian

—

—

64

Maronite

—

—

34

Greek Orthodox

—

—

14

Greek Catholic

—

—

8

Armenian Orthodox

—

—

5

Others

—

—

3

Muslim/Druze

—

—

64

Sunnite

—

—

27

Shi’ite

—

—

27

Druze

—

—

8

’Alawite

—

—

2

Lesotho (March 1993)

Basotho Congress Party

—

74.8

65

Basotho National Party

—

22.7

0

Liberia

Transitional government from September 1995

—

—

—

Libya

General People’s Congress

—

—

750

Liechtenstein (October 1993)

Progressive Citizens’ Party

CR

41.3

11

(12)

Fatherland Union

C

50.1

13

(11)

The Free List

g

8.5

1

(2)

Lithuania (October–November 1996)

Christian Democrats

CR

12.2

16

(13)

Homeland Union

CR

29.8

70

—

Reform Movement (Sajudis)

CR

—

—

(29)

Centre Union

—

8.2

13

—

Social Democratic Party

SD

6.6

12

(8)

Democratic Labour Party

x

9.5

12

(74)

Others and independents

—

33.7

18

(17)

Luxembourg (June 1994)

Christian Social People’s Party

CR

29.3

21

(22)

Democratic Party

C

11.6

12

(11)

Socialist Workers’ Party

S

33.5

17

(18)

Communist Party

K

2.8

0

(1)

Action Committee for Democracy and Justice

—

7.1

5

(4)

Green Alternative

g

10.2

5

(4)

Macedonia (October–November 1994)

Alliance of Macedonia

x

...

95

Pro-government Albanian party

e

...

10

Anti-government Albanian party

e

...

4

Other opposition

—

...

11

Madagascar (June 1993)

Living Forces coalition

—

...

75

Others

—

...

59

Malawi (May 1994)

United Democratic Front

—

46.4

84

—

Malawi Congress Party

—

33.6

55

(136)

Alliance for Democracy

—

18.9

36

—

Malaysia (April 1995)

Islamic parties

CR

17.4

13

(15)

National Front coalition

e

64.0

162

(127)

Democratic Action Party

SD

12.1

9

(20)

Others and independents

—

6.5

8

(18)

Maldives (December 1994)

People’s Council, non-party

—

...

40

Mali (February–March 1992)

Alliance for Democracy in Mali

—

48.4

76

Others

—

51.6

40

Malta (October 1996)

Nationalist Party

R

47.8

34

(34)

Malta Labour Party

SD

50.7

35

(31)

Marshall Islands (November 1995)

House of Representatives, non-party

—

—

33

Mauritania (October 1996)

Government party

R

...

70

(67)

Principal opposition parties

...

...

1

(*)

Others and independents

—

...

8

(12)

Mauritius (December 1995)

Mauritian Socialist Movement and allied parties

—

19.7

0

(59)

Mauritian Militant Movement

Mauritian Labour Party and allied parties

—

65.2

62

(3)

Others

—

15.1

0

—

Mexico (August 1994)

National Action Party (PAN)

CR

25.9

119

(89)

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

C

48.7

300

(320)

Democratic Revolutionary Party

CL

16.6

71

(41)

Labour Party

L

2.7

10

(0)

Others

—

6.1

0

(50)

Micronesia (March 1995)

Congress, non-party

—

...

14

Moldova (February 1994)

Popular Front alliance

Re

7.5

9

Peasants/Intellectuals bloc

Ce

9.2

11

Agrarian Democratic Party

C–x

43.2

56

Socialist/Unity bloc (Russian)

xe

22.0

28

Others

—

18.1

0

Monaco (January 1993)

Campora list

p

...

15

Others

p

...

3

Mongolia (June 1996)

Democratic Union coalition

C–SD

47.0

50

(5)

United Heritage Party

—

1.6

1

—

People’s Revolutionary Party

x

40.5

25

(71)

Morocco (June–September 1993)

Constitutional Union

CR

...

54

(83)

National Democratic Party

CR

...

24

(24)

Berber parties

CRe

...

76

(47)

National Assembly of Independents

C

...

41

(61)

Democratic Bloc

CL–EL

...

120

(85)

Others and independents

—

...

18

(6)

Mozambique (October 1994)

Mozambique Liberation Front (Frelimo)

x

44.3

129

(250)

Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo)

—

37.8

112

Democratic Union

—

5.2

9

Myanmar

Military government since September 1988

—

—

—

Namibia (December 1994)

Democratic Turnhalle Alliance

C

20.8

15

(21)

South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO)

L

73.9

53

(41)

Others

—

5.3

4

(10)

Nauru (November 1995)

Parliament, non-party

p

—

18

(18)

Nepal (November 1994)

National Democratic Party

R

17.9

20

(4)

Nepali Congress Party

C

33.4

83

(110)

Communist parties

K

30.9

88

(82)

Others and independents

—

17.8

14

(9)

Netherlands, The (May 1994)

Christian Democratic Appeal

CR

22.2

34

(54)

People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy

CR

19.9

31

(22)

Democrats 66

CL

15.5

24

(12)

Labour Party

SD

24.0

37

(49)

Green Left

Lg

3.5

5

(6)

General Union of the Elderly

—

4.5

6

—

Others

—

10.4

13

(7)

New Zealand (October 1996)

ACT New Zealand

CR

6.2

8

—

National Party

CR

34.1

44

(50)

United New Zealand

C

0.9

1

—

New Zealand First

C

13.1

17

(2)

Labour Party

CL

28.3

37

(45)

The Alliance (coalition)

L

10.1

13

(2)

Nicaragua (October 1996)

National Opposition Union

—

—

—

(51)

Liberal Alliance coalition

R–C

46.0

42

—

Sandinista National Liberation Front

CL–EL

36.5

37

(39)

Others

—

17.5

14

(2)

Niger (November 1996)

Government party

—

...

58

—

Allied parties

—

...

11

(83)

Others and independents

—

...

14

Nigeria

Military government since 1993

—

—

—

Norway (September 1993)

Progress Party

R

6.3

10

(22)

Conservative Party

R

16.9

28

(37)

Christian People’s Party

CR

7.9

13

(14)

Centre Party

CR

16.8

32

(11)

Labour Party

SD

37.0

67

(63)

Socialist Left

S

7.9

13

(17)

Others

—

7.2

2

(1)

Oman

Consultative Council (advisory body)

—

—

—

Pakistan (October 1993)

Religious parties

Rr

...

10

(6)

Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)

—

41.0

73

(105)

Pakistan Muslim League (Junejo)

—

...

6

Pakistan People’s Party

CL

38.0

86

(45)

Mohajir Qaumi Movement

e

...

*

(15)

Others and independents

—

...

26

(30)

Palau (November 1996)

House of Delegates, non-party

—

—

16

Panama (May 1994)

Democratic Revolutionary Party and allies

—

...

31

(12)

Others

—

...

41

(55)

Papua New Guinea (June 1992)

United Party (Pangu Pati)

p

...

22

(26)

People’s Democratic Movement

p

...

15

(18)

Others

p

...

40

(41)

Independents

—

...

31

(21)

Paraguay (May 1993)

Colorado Party

R

43.0

38

(48)

Authentic Radical Liberal Party

CL

35.1

33

(19)

National Encounter coalition

—

17.1

9

—

Others

—

4.8

0

(5)

Peru (April 1995)

Popular Christian Party

R

3.1

3

(8)

Popular Action

CR

3.3

4

—

Change 90-New Majority (coalition of independents)

p

52.1

67

(44)

Union for Peru

p

14.0

17

—

Independent Moralizing Front

p

4.9

6

(7)

American Popular Revolutionary Alliance

CL

6.5

8

—

Others

—

16.1

15

(21)

Philippines (May 1995)

National People’s Coalition

R

...

28

(48)

Centrist parties

C

...

13

(15)

People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats

p

...

126

(51)

Democratic Filipino Struggle

—

...

28

(87)

Others and independents

—

...

9

(0)

Poland (September 1993)

Confederation for an Independent Poland

R

5.8

22

(46)

Non-Party Bloc to Support Reform

R

5.4

16

—

Democratic Union

CL

10.6

74

(62)

Labour Union

L

7.3

41

(4)

Democratic Left Alliance

x

20.4

171

(60)

Polish Peasant Party

x

15.4

132

(48)

German minority organizations

e

0.5

4

(7)

Others

—

34.6

0

(233)

Portugal (October 1995)

Popular Party

R

9.1

15

(5)

Social Democratic Party

CR

34.0

88

(135)

Socialist Party

CL

43.9

112

(72)

Unified Democratic Coalition

L–K

8.6

15

(17)

Others

—

4.4

0

(1)

Qatar

Consultative Council (advisory body)

—

—

—

Romania (November 1996)

Romanian National Unity Party

Re

4.4

18

(30)

Greater Romania Party

Re

4.5

19

(16)

Democratic Convention of Romania

CR

30.2

122

(82)

Social Democratic Union

SD

12.9

53

(43)

Social Democracy Party

x

21.5

91

(117)

Hungarian Democratic Union

e

6.6

25

(27)

Others

—

19.9

0

(13)

Russia (December 1995)

Liberal Democratic Party

ERe

11.2

51

(64)

Congress of Russian Communities

R/CLe

4.3

5

—

Our Home is Russia

CR

10.1

55

—

Forward Russia!

C

4.0

1

—

Russia’s Democratic Choice

CL

3.9

9

(76)

Yabloko (Bloc of Three)

CL

6.9

45

(28)

Women of Russia

CL

4.6

3

(24)

Communist Party

L

22.3

157

(45)

Agrarian Party

L

3.8

20

(55)

Power to the People

Le

1.6

9

—

Workers’ Russia

EL

4.5

1

(0)

Other parties

—

...

17

(137)

Independents

—

...

77

(21)

Rwanda

Transitional government from July 1994

—

—

—

Saint Kitts and Nevis (July 1995)

People’s Action Movement

CL

...

1

(4)

St. Kitts-Nevis Labour Party

L

...

7

(4)

Concerned Citizens’ Movement

e

...

2

(2)

Nevis Reformation Party (pro-secessionist)

e

...

1

(1)

Saint Lucia (April 1992)

United Workers’ Party

C

54.9

11

(9)

St. Lucia Labour Party

CL

41.9

6

(8)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (February 1994)

New Democratic Party

C

54.6

12

(15)

St. Vincent Labour Party

SD

26.0

2

(0)

Movement for National Unity

L

17.3

1

(0)

San Marino (May 1993)

Christian Democrats

CR

41.4

26

(27)

Socialist Party

S

23.7

14

(7)

Progressive Democratic Party

x

18.6

11

(18)

Popular Democratic Alliance

—

7.7

4

—

Other parties

—

8.6

5

(8)

São Tomé and Príncipe (October 1994)

Party of Democratic Convergence

C

17

14

(33)

Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe

L

43

27

(21)

Independent Democratic Action

—

26

14

—

Others

—

4

0

(1)

Saudi Arabia

Consultative Council (advisory body)

—

—

—

Senegal (May 1993)

Socialist Party

SD

56.6

84

(103)

Senegalese Democratic Party

—

30.2

27

(17)

Let Us Unite Senegal

EL

4.9

3

—

Other parties

—

8.3

6

—

Seychelles (July 1993)

People’s Progressive Front

L

57.5

28

(23)

Others

—

42.5

5

—

Sierra Leone (February 1996)

Sierra Leone People’s Party

pe

36.1

27

United National People’s Party

pe

21.6

17

Four other regional parties

pe

31.1

24

Paramount chiefs (non-party)

—

—

12

Singapore (August 1991)

People’s Action Party

CR

61

77

(80)

Democratic Party

CL

12

3

(1)

Workers’ Party

L

14

1

(0)

Slovakia (September–October 1994)

Slovak National Party

Re

5.4

9

(15)

Movement for a Democratic Slovakia

CR

35.0

61

(74)

Democratic Union

C

8.6

15

—

Christian Democratic Movement

CL

10.1

17

(18)

Common Choice coalition

CL–x

10.4

18

(29)

Hungarian minority coalition

e

10.2

17

(14)

Others

—

20.3

13

(0)

Slovenia (November 1996)

Slovenian National Party

ER

3.2

4

(12)

Slovenian People’s Party

R

19.4

19

(10)

Slovenian Christian Democrats

CR

9.6

10

(15)

Social Democratic Party

C–SD

16.1

16

(4)

Liberal Democracy of Slovenia

CL

27.0

25

—

Centre-left parties

CL

—

—

(33)

United List of Social Democrats

x

9.0

9

(14)

Pensioner’s party

—

4.3

5

Hungarian/Italian minorities

e

—

2

(2)

Solomon Islands (May 1993)

Government Alliance

p

...

24

Opposition party

p

...

23

Somalia

No government since 1991

—

—

—

South Africa (April 1994)

Freedom Front

ER

2.2

9

National Party

CR

20.4

82

Inkatha Freedom Party

e

10.5

43

Democratic Party

C

1.7

7

African National Congress

CL

62.7

252

Pan-Africanist Congress

EL

1.2

5

Others

—

1.3

2

Spain (March 1996)

Popular Party

CR

38.9

156

(141)

Basque Nationalist Party

Ce

1.3

5

(5)

Canarian coalition

Ce

0.9

4

(4)

Convergence and Union (Catalan)

CLe

4.6

16

(17)

Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party

SD

37.5

141

(159)

United Left

L–K

10.6

21

(18)

Galician Nationalist Bloc

Le

0.9

2

(0)

Herri Batasuna (Basque radicals)

ELe

0.7

2

(2)

Other regional parties

e

1.6

3

(4)

Sri Lanka (August 1994)

United National Party

CR

44.0

94

(125)

People’s Alliance

CL

48.9

105

(86)

Others and independents

—

3.6

14

Sri Lanka Muslim Congress

r

1.8

7

(4)

Tamil United Liberation Front

e

1.7

5

(10)

Sudan, The (March 1996)

Government supporters

—

...

264

Principal opposition forces

—

—

*

Suriname (May 1996)

National Democratic Party

p

25.6

16

(12)

Democratic Alternative ’91

SD

12.4

4

(9)

Pendana Lima (Javan party)

e

10.0

4

New Front coalition

CLe

41.4

24

(30)

Alliance

—

9.3

3

—

Swaziland (September–October 1993)

House of Assembly, non-party

—

—

55

Sweden (September 1994)

New Democracy

R

1.2

0

(24)

Christian Democrats

R

4.1

15

(27)

Moderate Coalition Party

CR

22.4

80

(80)

Centre Party

CR

7.7

27

(31)

Liberal People’s Party

C

7.2

26

(33)

Social Democrats

S

45.3

161

(138)

Left Party

x

6.2

22

(16)

Greens

g

5.0

18

(0)

Switzerland (October 1995)

Freedom Party

R

4.0

7

(8)

Swiss People’s Party

R

14.9

29

(25)

Christian Democrats

CR

17.0

34

(36)

Liberal Party

CR

2.7

7

(10)

Radical Democrats

C

20.2

45

(44)

Social Democrats

SD

21.8

54

(42)

Green Party

g

5.0

9

(14)

Others

—

14.4

15

(21)

Syria (August 1994)

Ba’th Party and allies

—

...

167

(166)

Independents

—

...

83

(84)

Taiwan (December 1995)

New Party (pro-unification)

R

12.9

21

—

Nationalist (Kuomintang)

—

46.1

85

(96)

Democratic Progressive Party (pro-independence)

—

33.2

54

(50)

Others and independents

—

7.8

4

(15)

Tajikistan (February–March 1995)

Communist Party

K

...

60

Others and independents

—

...

119

Western/Islamic parties

‡

Tanzania (October–November 1995)

NCCR–Maguezi

C

...

16

—

Government party

S

...

186

(216)

Civic United Front (pro-Zanzibar autonomy)

e

...

24

—

Others

—

...

6

—

Thailand (November 1996)

Thai Nation

R

...

39

(92)

Thai Citizens

Rp

...

18

(18)

National Development Party

Rp

...

52

(53)

Social Action Party

CR

...

20

(22)

New Aspiration Party

p

...

125

(57)

Democrat Party

C

...

123

(86)

Others

—

...

16

(63)

Togo (February 1994–August 1996)

Rally of the Togolese People

p

...

40

Allied party and independents

—

...

3

Action Committee for Renewal

—

...

33

Union for Democracy

—

...

5

Tonga (January 1996)

Noble representatives

—

—

9

(9)

People’s Party (pro-democracy commoners)

—

...

6

(6)

Other commoners

—

...

3

(3)

Trinidad and Tobago (November 1995)

People’s National Movement

C

48.8

17

(21)

National Alliance for Reconstruction

C

4.8

2

(2)

United National Congress

SD

45.7

17

(13)

Tunisia (March 1994)

Government party

CL

97.7

144

(141)

Opposition parties

—

2.3

19

(0)

Turkey (December 1995)

Nationalist Action Party

ER

8.2

0

(62)

Welfare (Refah) Party

Rr

21.4

158

True Path Party

CR

19.3

135

(178)

Motherland Party

CR

19.8

132

(115)

Democratic Left Party

CL

14.7

75

(7)

Republican People’s Party

CL

10.8

50

—

Other leftist

CL–L

...

0

(88)

Turkmenistan (December 1994)

Government (single) party

x

...

50

Tuvalu (November 1993)

Parliament, non-party

—

—

12

Uganda (June 1996)

National Assembly, non-party

—

—

276

Ukraine (March 1994–February 1996)

Extreme nationalist parties

ERe

...

5

Less extreme nationalist parties

CRe

...

15

Ukrainian Popular Movement (Rukh)

Ce

...

21

Centrist parties

C

...

17

Communist Party and allies

K–EL

...

132

Independents

—

...

230

United Arab Emirates

Federal National Council (advisory body)

—

—

—

United Kingdom (April 1992)

Democratic Unionists

Re

0.3

3

(3)

Conservative Party

CR

41.9

336

(375)

Liberal Democrats

CL

17.9

20

(22)

Labour Party

L

34.4

271

(229)

Scottish National Party

e

1.9

3

(3)

Plaid Cymru (Welsh Nationalists)

e

0.5

4

(3)

Ulster Unionists

—

0.8

9

(9)

Social Democratic and Labour Party (Northern Ireland)

CLe

0.6

4

(3)

Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland)

ELe

0.2

0

(1)

Other

—

1.5

1

(2)

United States (November 1996)

Republican

R–CR

...

227

(175)

Democratic

C–L

...

207

(259)

Other

L

...

1

(1)

Uruguay (November 1994)

National (Blanco) Party

C

31.4

31

(39)

Colorado Party

C

32.5

32

(30)

New Space

CL

5.1

5

(9)

Progressive Encounter

L

30.8

31

—

Broad Front

L

—

—

(21)

Uzbekistan (December 1994–January 1995)

People’s Democratic Party and allies

x

100.0

250

Opposition parties

‡

Vanuatu (November 1995)

Union of Moderate Parties

CR

...

17

( 19 )

Vanuatu National United Party

CR

...

9

(10)

Unity Front coalition

—

...

20

(16)

Others and independents

—

...

4

(1)

Venezuela (December 1993)

COPEI (Social Christians)

CR–CL

22.8

54

(67)

Democratic Action

SD

23.9

55

(97)

National Convergence

L

24.4

50

—

Movement to Socialism

(18)

The Radical Cause

EL

21.1

40

(3)

Others

—

7.8

0

(16)

Vietnam (July 1992)

Government (single) party

—

...

395

Western Samoa (April 1996)

Human Rights Protection Party

—

43.5

24

(30)

National Development Party

—

26.1

11

(14)

Independents and other

—

30.4

14

(3)

Yemen (April 1993)

Yemeni Alliance for Reform

Rr

...

62

General People’s Congress

—

...

123

Yemeni Socialist Party

K

...

56

Others and independents

—

...

60

Yugoslavia (November 1996)

Serbian Radical Party

ERe

18.5

16

(34)

Zajedno (Together)

(four-party coalition)

CR–CLe

23.9

22

Serbian Democratic Movement

Ce

(20)

Democratic Party

C

(5)

Socialist Party of Serbia and allies

xe

48.1

64

(47)

Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro

xe

...

20

(17)

People’s Party (Montenegrin pro-Serbian)

e

...

8

(4)

Others

—

...

8

(11)

Zaire

Transitional government from April 1994

—

—

—

Zambia (November 1996)

Movement for Multiparty Democracy

—

60.8

127

(125)

Others and independents

—

39.2

20

(25)

Zimbabwe (April 1995)

Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front

—

82.3

118

(117)

Others and independents

—

17.7

2

(3)

The capital letters in the column "Affiliation" show the relative positions of the parties within the political spectrum of each country. The key chosen is as follows: F-fascist; ER-extreme right; R-right; CR-centre right; C-centre; CL-centre left; SD-social democratic; S-socialist; L-non-Marxist left; K-Communist; and EL-extreme left. In addition, within some countries there are political organizations that exist chiefly to advance a special interest as distinct from a political orientation. These are represented by lowercase letters as follows: x-parties that have repudiated former Communist affiliation; e-parties based on distinct regional, ethnic, or linguistic identity; r-parties based on religion, usually fundamentalist; g-environmental, or Green; and p-parties based largely on personalities.