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M.I. Finley on Greek Freedom and Greek Slavery “The Greeks…discovered both the idea of individual freedom and the institutional framework in which it could be realized. The pre-Greek world…was, in a very profound sense, a world without free men, in the sense in which the west has come to understand that concept. It was equally a world in which chattel slavery played no role of any consequence. That, too, was a Greek discovery. One aspect of Greek history, in short, is the advance, hand in hand, of freedom and slavery.”

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Sir Moses Finley  Syracuse University undergraduate  New Yorker influenced by Marxist economic theory and Weberian sociology  Researcher for the International Institute for Social Research (Columbia)  Rutgers>Victim of McCarthyism>Cambridge (1955); Fellow of Jesus College  Professor of Ancient History (1970-1980)  Fellow of British Academy (1971)  Sir Moses (1979)

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Champion on the Gortyn Law Code “The Code reveals a society in transition to a money economy. Production of exchange values led to the introduction of chattel slavery as an alternative source of dependent labor to patriarchal serfdom.” Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery

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Fifth-Century BCE Athens Empire and Slavery  The “Numbers Game”: Estimates of 100-150,000 Athenian slaves out of total population of 275-300,000  Economic Development >Greater Social Differentiation “the more advanced the city-state, the more it will be found to have had true slavery rather than the ‘hybrid’ types like helotage. More bluntly put, the cities in which individual freedom reached its highest expression—most obviously Athens—were cities in which chattel slavery flourished” ~ M.I. Finley  Black Sea and Danubian Sources and the Northern Barbarian Stereotype