A U.S. concern for the growing power of what nation contributed to the convening of the Washington naval-armaments conference?

After WWI, American public opinion generally supported __________

All of the following statements about the German blitzkrieg of spring 1940 are true, EXCEPT:
A. it followed an extended quiet period in the war following the invasion of Poland
B. it involved German attacks on France, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and the Netherlands
C. France surrendered to Germany in just over two months
D. Germany carefully avoided attacks on neutral nations and only targeted professed enemies

American foreign policy in Latin America in the period between world wars included all the following EXCEPT:
A. withdrawing U.S. Marines from Nicaragua and Haiti
B. participation in Pan-American conferences
C. accepting the Clark Memorandum
D. insisting that the Monroe Doctrine provided a valid justification for intervention

insisting that the Monroe Doctrine provided a valid justification for intervention

True or False: American isolationism declined in turmoil of the Great Depression of the early 1930s.

True or False: As a nonmember, the United States refused to have anything to do with the League of Nations in the 1920s and 1930s.

America's "Good Neighbor" Policy:
A. promoted free trade among the United States, Canada, and Mexico
B. promised aggressive military actions against any "bad neighbors" in the Western Hemisphere
C. supported the idea of nonintervention in Latin America
D. eliminated all military and other examples of a U.S. official presence in Latin America

True or False: At the 1933 Pan-American Conference, the United States supported a resolution that declared no nation had "the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another."

By limiting tonnage on capital ships (battleships and aircraft carriers) alone, the Five-Power Treaty (1922) for naval disarmament had what unintended effect?
A. The treaty rendered battleships and aircraft carriers irrelevant to modern naval warfare.
B. The treaty created a thriving black market for battleships and aircraft carriers.
C. The treaty prompted signatory nations to recategorize battleships and aircraft carriers as "elevated submarines" and "buoyant airports" to evade the restrictions.
D. The treaty sparked a naval arms race in cruisers, destroyers, submarines, and other smaller craft that had not been restricted.

he treaty sparked a naval arms race in cruisers, destroyers, submarines, and other smaller craft that had not been restricted.

By November 1941, the United States insisted it would reopen trade with Japan only after that country:
A. gave up its recently acquired territory in New Zealand
B. signed an agreement not to attack Russia
C. withdrew completely from China
D. paid Britain and Holland for the oil and other resources it had taken from their colonies

True or False: By the autumn of 1941, the United States and Germany had reached an understanding to minimize their escalating naval confrontations.

By the autumn of 1941:
A. Congress declared war on Germany
B. the U.S. Navy was engaging the Germany Navy in the Atlantic
C. Roosevelt ordered ships to avoid combat zones
D. Roosevelt broke diplomatic relations with Germany

During 1931-1932, Japan invaded and conquered what territory in East Asia?
A. Manchuria
B. Formosa
C. French Indochina
D. Korea

During the 1920s, American global interests such as international trade and investment:
A. ceased to expand in the face of resistance from American isolationism
B. remained inconsequential to the overall well-being of the United States
C. expanded and prevented the United States from entirely withdrawing from the world, despite strong isolationist sentiment
D. demonstrated that isolationism was irrelevant to U.S. politics

expanded and prevented the United States from entirely withdrawing from the world, despite strong isolationist sentiment

During the Spanish Civil War:
A. Franklin Roosevelt advocated U.S. official support of the loyalist faction
B. the United States, Britain, Germany, and Italy all supported the government
C. Hitler and Mussolini helped the armed uprising led by Francisco Franco
D. the European democracies helped the armed uprising, whereas Germany and Italy refused to intervene

Hitler and Mussolini helped the armed uprising led by Francisco Franco

During the summer of 1941, the United States attempted to restrain Japanese expansion by:
A. restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the United States
B. ordering the strategic bombing of Japanese military sites
C. sending 200,000 troops to China and stationing a large naval force in the South Pacific
D. establishing a protectorate over China

restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the United States

European debt repayment to the United States during the 1920s was made more difficult by what issue?
A. Europeans preferred not to trade with the United States.
B. High tariff rates limited access of European goods to the American market and the ability of Europeans to earn dollars for repayment.
C. Low tariff rates devalued European goods in the American market.
D. The United States lacked a developed banking system necessary to process international payments.

High tariff rates limited access of European goods to the American market and the ability of Europeans to earn dollars for repayment.

True or False: Following the aerial Battle of Britain, Germany invaded England.

Following the Pearl Harbor attack:
A. American isolationism increased
B. a congressional resolution for war passed unanimously
C. the United States avoided involvement in the European conflict
D. Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States

Germany's invasion of what country triggered the beginning of World War II in Europe?
A. Czechoslovakia
B. the Soviet Union
C. Britain
D. Poland

High tariff rates, like those implemented by the United States during the 1920s, have what impact on international trade?
A. They tend to facilitate trade by making imported goods more valuable through the costs added.
B. They have no impact on trade because their impact on an imported goods' price is negligible.
C. They tend to hinder international trade by making imported goods costlier and therefore less appealing to consumers.
D. They have historically been responsible for the greatest trade booms in global history.

They tend to hinder international trade by making imported goods costlier and therefore less appealing to consumers.

In 1940, the Battle of Britain:
A. saw the British defeat a massive German land invasion of the British Isles
B. was the single greatest defeat that Britain faced during World War II
C. was mostly a propaganda war between Germany and Britain that saw little actual bloodshed
D. saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans

saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans

In the aftermath of the German blitzkrieg of spring 1940, U.S. defense policy changed in all the following ways EXCEPT:
A. Congress increased the defense spending by voting for $17 billion for the defense budget
B. the United States began making increased stocks of arms, planes, and munitions available to the British
C. Roosevelt ceded most of his decision-making authority to his military leaders
D. Roosevelt established a National Defense Research Committee to coordinate military research

Roosevelt ceded most of his decision-making authority to his military leaders

In the late summer of 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to send fifty "overaged" destroyers to Britain in return for:
A. Republican promises not to ask for a peacetime draft
B. ninety-nine-year leases on a series of British naval and air bases in the Western Hemisphere
C. congressional approval of a draft registration act
D. fifty "outdated" British aircraft carriers

ninety-nine-year leases on a series of British naval and air bases in the Western Hemisphere

Most European nations defaulted on their war debt to the United States during what international crisis?
A. World War I
B. World War II
C. the Red Scare
D. the Great Depression

President Roosevelt was hesitant to intervene in the Spanish Civil War because:
A. Catholics favored the Spanish Republic
B. the Neutrality Act of 1938 forbade intervention
C. he wanted to keep the fight localized
D. Germany and Italy were supporting the Spanish Republic

The 1939 Neutrality Act's cash-and-carry provision:
A. permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France as long as they paid up-front and allowed American ships to deliver the purchase
B. prohibited all arms exports, even to countries with cash who could carry them on their own ships
C. was removed from the final bill due to isolationist opposition to permitting any trade with warring nations
D. permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France if they paid up-front and carried their purchases on their own ships

permitted the United States to sell arms to Britain and France if they paid up-front and carried their purchases on their own ships

The Atlantic Charter included all the following principles EXCEPT:
A. freedom of the seas
B. economic cooperation
C. the elimination of communism
D. self-determination for all peoples

True or False: The Atlantic Charter stated definitively that the United States would remain neutral in Britain's war against Germany.

The Atlantic Charter:
A. was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims
B. reaffirmed American neutrality in the wars in Europe and Asia
C. is another name for the American declaration of war against Germany
D. advocated expanding the war in Europe to fight communism

True or False: The cash-and-carry provision of the 1937 Neutrality Law permitted belligerent nations to purchase American goods, including arms and munitions, as long as they were transported on the belligerent nation's own ships.

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia had what effect on Roosevelt?
A. It intensified his isolationist sentiments and desire to stay out of Europe's problems.
B. He no longer professed impartiality in the impending European struggle.
C. He worked to appease Hitler to avoid further conquests.
D. He blamed Czechoslovakia for provoking the attack.

He no longer professed impartiality in the impending European struggle.

The Great Depression and the economic struggles it caused during the early 1930s generally made Americans:
A. more supportive of foreign interventions
B. more isolationist in sentiment
C. more internationalist
D. more supportive of joining the League of Nations

The Kellogg-Briand Pact:
A. reduced the Allied war debt
B. outlawed war as an instrument of national policy among the signatories
C. limited the size of America's standing army
D. was defeated in the Senate

outlawed war as an instrument of national policy among the signatories

The Neutrality Act of 1935:
A. was directed against Japanese aggression in China
B. allowed the U.S. Navy to stop and search German ships on the high seas
C. permitted the United States to sell arms and munitions to warring nations to ensure the United States did not have to get involved
D. forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations

The Nine-Power Treaty pledged the signers to:
A. support the Boxer Rebellion
B. support the principle of the Open Door
C. commit signatory nations to keeping troops in China
D. renounce the Open Door

The Nye committee:
A. investigated and criticized the role that bankers and munitions makers played in America's entry into World War I
B. recommended that Europeans appease Hitler by allowing him to annex Czechoslovakia
C. compiled an official list of America's international obligations under existing treaties
D. praised the role that bankers and munitions makers played in applying their resources to protect national security

investigated and criticized the role that bankers and munitions makers played in America's entry into World War I

The offensives Italy launched in 1940 against Greece and British forces in Egypt:
A. went poorly and required German assistance
B. prevented the Germans from suffering an embarrassing defeat at the hands of the British
C. proved to be a wildly successful demonstration of Italian power
D. forced France to enter the war

The Panay incident:
A. was the event that sparked the war between Japan and China
B. was a Japanese attack on an American ship in China
C. was the event that sparked the war between Japan and the United States
D. was a Japanese attack on the British embassy in Tokyo

The passage of the lend-lease bill in 1941 signaled what about American opinion?
A. Internationalist sentiment was weakening.
B. The president lost control over Congress.
C. Isolationist strength was weakening.
D. Americans paid little attention to the European war.

The Trade Agreements Act of 1934:
A. allowed the president to lower tariff rates significantly for countries that did the same for American goods
B. suspended all U.S. tariffs on imported goods
C. raised tariffs on all imports into the United States
D. removed all authority over international trade from the president and gave it to Congress

allowed the president to lower tariff rates significantly for countries that did the same for American goods

True or False: The United States refused to implement any punitive measures against Japan following its establishment of a protectorate over French Indochina in 1941.

True or False: The "good neighbor" polices of the 1920s and 1930s saw the United States permanently remove all its troops from Latin America

Through the lend-lease bill, passed in March 1934, "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States":
A. could receive American military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials if they rented them at fair market value
B. could purchase American military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials made available through Canada
C. must declare war on Germany in order to be eligible for American material support
D. could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items

could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items

What agreement that Hitler personally agreed to was broken with the decision to conquer Czechoslovakia in 1939?
A. the Kellogg-Briand Pact
B. the Nine-Power Treaty
C. the Trade Agreements Act
D. the Munich agreement

What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s?
A. Both had established communist forms of government.
B. Both had thriving liberal democracies.
C. Both had strong monarchies.
D. Both had established Fascist forms of government.

What significant objective motivated Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia and the Pacific during 1940-1941?
A. an intention to provoke the United States to attack Japan first
B. the priority of defeating Chinese guerrilla fighters operating in Indochina
C. a desire to reobtain the Philippines from the United States, which had seized the islands from Japan
D. the expansion's provision of access to vitally needed oil, rubber, and other strategic materials

the expansion's provision of access to vitally needed oil, rubber, and other strategic materials

Which of the following countries was NOT an Axis power by June 1941?
A. Italy
B. the Soviet Union
C. Hungary
D. Bulgaria

Which of the following is an American organization founded in the early 1920s to promote international peace?
A. League of Nations
B. United Nations
C. American Committee for the Outlawry of War
D. Kellogg-Briand group

Which of the following statements about the 1940 presidential election is true?
A. Franklin Roosevelt named a Republican as his vice-presidential running mate in the name of national unity.
B. Franklin Roosevelt became the first sitting president to lose a reelection bid in the midst of a national crisis.
C. Republican Thomas Dewey defeated Franklin Roosevelt in a landslide.
D. Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run for and win a third term.

Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run and win a third term

Which of the following statements about the attack on Pearl Harbor is NOT true?
A. It was one part of a larger Japanese offensive launched into Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
B. A specific attack on Pearl Harbor had been long expected by American officials.
C. The attack killed more than 2,400 U.S. servicemen and sank nineteen ships.
D. The attack ignored onshore facilities and oil tanks.

A specific attack on Pearl Harbor had been long expected by American officials.

Which of the following statements about the European war between June 1940 and June 1941 is true?
A. Italy was unwilling to enter the war despite the alliance with Germany.
B. The British defeated the Axis in Egypt and Libya, but at great cost.
C. Momentum seemed to shift from the Germans to the British.
D. The Nazi juggernaut appeared unstoppable.

Which statement accurately describes the treaties that came out of the Washington naval-armaments conference of 1921-1922?
A. They effectively ensured international cooperation and preserved international peace throughout the 1920s and into the 1930s.
B. Their strict stipulations and rigorous enforcement mechanisms ended up only encouraging international disagreement and conflict.
C. They effectively outlawed war among all the signatories.
D. They were actually without obligation and without mechanisms for enforcement, and ultimately proved ineffective.

They were actually without obligation and without mechanisms for enforcement, and ultimately proved ineffective.

What is the postwar mood of detached indifference to global affairs and official neutrality towards foreign entanglements?

What are payments by the vanquished to the victors after conflict.

Leaders of nine world powers met in 1921-22 to discuss the naval race; resulting treaties limited to a specific ratio the carrier and battleship tonnage of each nation (Five-Power Naval Treaty), formally ratified the Open Door to China (Nine-Power Treaty), and agreed to respect each other's Pacific territories (Four-Power Treaty).

Dictator who seized power in Italy in 1922 and organized the fascist movement, a hybrid of nationalism and socialism; entered World War II in June 1940 as Germany's ally.

Secretary of State under President Franklin Roosevelt whose grand scheme of reciprocal trade agreements was the chief exception to the administration's isolationism.

1934 act that authorized the president to lower tariff rates as much as 50 percent for countries that made similar concessions on American products; agreements were made with fourteen countries by the end of 1935, reaching a total of twenty-nine by 1945.

Derogatory term for bankers and munitions makers who made scandalous profits from World War I.

Series of laws passed between 1935 and 1939 to keep the United States from becoming involved in war by prohibiting American trade and travel to warring nations.

Term for the President's discretionary authority to require that warring nations who purchased goods other than arms or munitions had to pay in cash and then carry them away in its own ships, an ingenious scheme to preserve a profitable trade without running the risk of war.

Term for the summer of 1940, during which the Royal Air Force, with the benefit of the new technology of radar, outfought the numerically superior German Luftwaffe and forced the Germans to postpone plans to invade England.

Act of 1941 that permitted the United States to lend or lease arms and other supplies to the Allies, signifying increasing likelihood of American involvement in World War II.

Issued August 12, 1941, following meetings in Newfoundland between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill, the charter signaled the allies' cooperation and stated their war aims.

Group of Nations that formed in 1937 with the "Anti-Comintern Pact" between Italy, Germany, and Japan, but expanded when Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria were forced into the Axis fold, allowing Hitler to control nearly all of Europe.

Term used by Japanese militarists for the territories they coveted in 1940: French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), British Malaya (Malaysia), and Burma (Myanmar).

True or False: The War Refugee Board was amazingly successful at rescuing Jews from Europe.

True or False: Due to government controls, union membership declined during the war.

The United States basic economic problem during World War II was ______
A. finding enough workers
B. expanding industrial production to meet demand
C. paying for the cost of war
D. raising enough agricultural supplies for the military

True or False: The largest naval battle in history occurred at the Coral Sea.

True or False: African American pilots were trained in a segregated facility at Tuskegee in Alabama.

The Battle of Midway was the turning point of the war in the Pacific because that battle _________.
A. stopped the eastward advance of the Japanese
B. destroyed most of what was left of the American fleet after Pearl Harbor
C. destroyed the Japanese fleet so that they were unable to pursue naval war after this.
D. placed the United States Airforce close enough to the mainland of Japan to carry out bombing raids there.

D-Day ____________
A. was the greatest naval battle of the war
B. was a crucial point in America's rise to global power
C. was fought after the Soviets reached Berlin
D. finally opened the Eastern Front in Europe

True or False: Native Americans served in segregated military units.

True or False: "Zoot-suit" riots involved black servicemen in Europe

War relocation camps were built to accommodate refugees from Europe.

Among the reasons the Atomic bomb was used against Japan was the belief that it would _______
A. intimidate Hitler and Germany into surrendering
B. soften Japan for an invasion
C. save the lives of American soldiers
D. all of the above

Program created in 1942 that offered seasonal farm workers from Mexico yearlong contracts, wages at the prevailing rate, and transportation from the border to their job sites.

In 1943, when several thousand off-duty Mexican American sailors and soldiers, joined by hundreds of local white civilians, rampaged through downtown Los Angeles streets, assaulting Hispanics, blacks, and Filipinos.

General who led troops in WWII whose proposal to move westward along the northern coast of New Guinea toward the Philippines was accepted by Combined Chiefs of Staff.

This term refers to a tactic of US forces in WWII that involved sinking Japanese troopships and warships bringing reinforcements, thereby, neutralizing Japanese strongholds and moving on, leaving them to die on the vine.

Commander of the central Pacific, who led troops to victory in the Battle of the Philippine Sea.

Republican and New York governor who ran against Roosevelt and lost in the 1944 election.

Meeting of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin at a Crimean resort to discuss the postwar world on February 4-11, 1945; Soviet leader Joseph Stalin claimed large areas in eastern Europe for Soviet domination.

The wholesale extermination of some 6 million Jews along with more than 1 million others by the Nazis.

Secret American plan during World War II to develop an atomic bomb; J. Robert Oppenheimer led the team of physicists at Los Alamos, New Mexico.

Last meeting of the major Allied powers, the conference took place outside Berlin from July 17 to August 2, 1945; United States president Harry Truman, Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, and British prime minister Clement Atlee finalized plans begun at Yalta.

Act of 1944, also known as the "GI Bill of Rights,'' which provided money for education and other benefits to military personnel returning from World War II.

Act which set up a three-member Council of Economic Advisers to make appraisals of the economy with regard to employment levels and advise the president in an annual economic report, while a new congressional Joint Committee on the Economic Report would propose legislation.

Passed over President Harry Truman's veto, the 1947 law contained a number of provisions to control labor unions, including the banning of closed shops.

Act of 1947 that authorized the reorganization of government to coordinate military branches and security agencies; created the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Military Establishment (later renamed the Department of Defense).

President Harry S. Truman's program of post-World War II aid to European countries-particularly Greece and Turkey-in danger of being undermined by communism.

Term for tensions, 1945-89, between the Soviet Union and the United States, the two major world powers after World War II.

Army general during World War II who orchestrated the Allied victories over Germany and Japan, and later Secretary of State who developed the Marshall Plan in 1947, a program of massive aid for the reconstruction of Europe.

(NATO) Defensive alliance founded in 1949 by ten western European nations, the United States, and Canada to deter Soviet expansion in Europe.

Committee established by the Franklin Roosevelt administration in 1941 that offered willing employers the chance to say they were following government policy in giving jobs to black citizens; the FEPC's authority was chiefly moral, since it had no power to enforce directives.

Also known as the States Rights Party, a group of Deep South delegates who walked out of the 1948 Democratic National Convention in protest of the party's support for civil rights legislation.

Created when former president Theodore Roosevelt broke away from the Republican party to run for president again in 1912; the party supported progressive reforms similar to the Democrats but stopped short of seeking to eliminate trusts.

Domestic reform proposals of the second Truman administration (1949-53); included civil rights legislation and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act, but only extensions of some New Deal programs were enacted.

A plan for technical assistance to underdeveloped parts of the world that was the fourth part of President Truman's anti-Communist foreign policy, which included the United Nations, the Marshall Plan, and NATO; it was never put into effect.

Port city for Seoul, Korea, where General MacArthur landed a American force to the North Korean rear on September 15, 1950, a brilliant ploy that pushed the North Koreans back across the border.

Post-World War II Red Scare focused on the fear of Communists in U.S. government positions; peaked during the Korean War and declined soon thereafter, when the U.S. Senate censured Joseph McCarthy, who had been a major instigator of the hysteria.

Formed in 1938 to investigate subversives in the government; best-known investigations were of Hollywood notables and of former State Department official Alger Hiss, who was accused in 1948 of espionage and Communist party membership.

President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace who served in several government departments; Hiss was accused by Whittaker Chambers, a former Soviet agent, of leaking secret government documents and was convicted of perjury in 1950.

A former Soviet agent who accused Alger Hiss in 1948 of giving him secret government documents; later become an editor of Time magazine.

California congressman who rose to national prominence for pursuing the case against Alger Hiss and exploiting an anti-Communist stance to win election to the Senate in 1950; later elected president in 1969.

True or False: The United States enacted the National Defense Education Act in response to the launching of Sputnik.

True or False: Eisenhower always fought hard for civil rights causes.

True or False: In the 1952 campaign, Eisenhower promised to go to Korea

Ohio senator and Republican candidate in the 1952 presidential election who had become the foremost spokesman for domestic conservatism and for a foreign policy that his enemies branded as isolationist.

In response to the Soviet Union's launching of Sputnik, Congress created this federal agency in 1957 to coordinate research and administer the space program.

(1958) Passed in reaction to America's perceived inferiority in the space race, the appropriation encouraged education in science and modern languages through student loans, university research grants, and aid to public schools.

The president authority of the president to extend economic and military aid to Middle East nations, and to use armed forces if necessary to assist any such nation against armed aggression from any Communist country.

A black seamstress who was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus to a white man.

Sparked by Rosa Parks's arrest on December 1, 1955, a successful year-long boycott protesting segregation on city buses; led by the Reverend Martin Luther King.

A pastor from Montgomery Alabama who brought the civil rights movement a message of nonviolent disobedience based on the Gospels, the writings of Henry David Thoreau, and the example of Mahatma Gandhi in India. "We must use the weapon of love,"

True or False: The effects of the 1964 tax cut helped to finance President Johnson's war on poverty.

The Immigration Act of 1965 ____________.

True or False: President Kennedy's program to help Latin America was called the Alliance for Progress.

True or False: In 1968, the correct order of events was the Tet offensive, LBJ's withdrawal from the presidential race, the assassination of Martin Luther King, and the Democratic convention in Chicago.

Sparked by Rosa Parks's arrest on December 1, 1955, a successful year-long boycott protesting segregation on city buses; led by the Reverend Martin Luther King.

A nonviolent form of protest begun when four black college students sat down and demanded service at a "whites-only" lunch counter in 1960, starting a movement which quickly spread throughout the country.

(CORE) Civil rights organization started in 1944 and best known for its "freedom rides," bus journeys challenging racial segregation in the South in 1961.

A group of black and white progressives who boarded public busses together to test a federal court ruling that banned segregation on buses and trains, resulting in assaults by Alabama mobs and drawing national attention to the cause.

A student denied entrance to the University of Mississippi in 1962 because he was black, Merideth's case caused Attorney General Robert Kennedy to dispatch federal marshals to enforce the law and, after a bloody protest from a white mob, Meredith was finally able to register at "Ole Miss."

A Southern traditionalist governor who remained steadfast in opposing integration, who in 1963 stood dramatically in the doorway of a building at the University of Alabama to block the enrollment of several black students.

Caused when the United States discovered Soviet offensive missile sites in Cuba in October 1962; the U.S.-Soviet confrontation was the cold war's closest brush with nuclear war.

Southern Vietnam's Catholic Premier, whose use of repressive tactics against Communists and the Buddhist majority, along with his failure to deliver promised social and economic reforms lost him popular support in the early 1960s.

John F. Kennedy's assassin, who shot the President on his visit to Dallas Texas in November of 1963.

Texan Democrat who served as John F. Kennedy's vice-president and assumed the presidency after Kennedy's assassination in 1963, devoted to furthering civil rights and promising Americans a "Great Society."

Announced by President Lyndon B. Johnson in his 1964 State of the Union address; under the Economic Opportunity Bill signed later that year, Head Start, VISTA, and the Jobs Corps were created, and grants and loans were extended to students, farmers, and businesses in efforts to eliminate poverty.

Term coined by President Lyndon B. Johnson in his 1965 State of the Union address, in which he proposed legislation to address problems of voting rights, poverty, diseases, education, immigration, and the environment.

President Johnson's program, signed in 1965, allocating federal grants to states that would help cover medical payments for the indigent.

The first black cabinet member, he headed the new Department of Housing and Urban Development formed under the Johnson administration in 1966.

A bill initiated by President Kennedy and signed by Johnson in 1965, the act treated people of all nationalities and races equally, abolishing discriminatory quotas and allowing unlimited entry of American residents' immediate family members.

Created under the Civil Rights Act signed by President Johnson in 1964, the commission administered a ban on job discrimination by race, religion, national origin, or sex.

The fifty-mile route followed by a group of civil rights protesters in 1965, over 35,000 of whom reached Montgomery, where Martin Luther King delivered a rousing address from the steps of the state capitol.

Passed in the wake of Martin Luther King's Selma to Montgomery March, it authorized federal protection of the right to vote and permitted federal enforcement of minority voting rights in individual counties, mostly in the South.

A provocative and armed group of urban revolutionaries founded in Oakland, California in 1966 that terrified the public but eventually fragmented in spasms of violence.

One of America's most effective voices for urban black militancy, the self-proclaimed extremist organized black power alliances and published his Autobiography before his murder by a rival faction of Black Muslims in 1965.

(1964) Passed by Congress in reaction to supposedly unprovoked attacks on American warships off the coast of North Vietnam; it gave the president unlimited authority to defend U.S. forces and members of SEATO.

Senator and brother of John F. Kennedy, an outspoken leader of the antiwar forces and presidential candidate who was assassinated during his campaign in June of 1968.

A prominent liberal senator from Minnesota dedicated to the promotion of civil rights, he served as Johnson's vice-president from 1964-68 and ran an unsuccessful personal campaign for the presidency in 1968.

"Hippie" youth culture of the 1960s, which rejected the values of the dominant culture in favor of illicit drugs, communes, free sex, and rock music.

Counterculture advocates, largely educated and affluent white youths who felt alienated from American society and its various institutions.

(NOW) Founded in 1966 by writer Betty Friedan and other feminists, it pushed for abortion rights and nondiscrimination in the workplace, but within a decade it became radicalized and lost much of its constituency.

An inclusive label for all Mexican immigrants, Spanish Americans, Californios, and Tejanos.

Union for the predominantly Mexican-American migrant laborers of the Southwest, organized by Cesar Chavez in 1962.

The son of Mexicans immigrants and founder of the UFW, Chavez's personal charisma and insistence on nonviolence in his organization of immigrant farm laborers in California gained him much popularity and support.

National security advisor to presidents Nixon and Ford, who played a major role in American affairs in Vietnam, China, the Middle East, and the Soviet Union.

The equipping and training of the South Vietnamese to assume the burden of ground combat in place of Americans.

Nixon's clarification of the draft system, established in 1969, which eliminated many inequities by clearly stating that only nineteen-year-olds with low lottery numbers would be called into the military.

Site of 1968 antiwar rioting during which four students were killed by Guardsmen, gaining national attention and sparking a larger debate over which side was in the right: the protestors or those attempting to keep the peace.

The promise of a more orderly and restrained competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Henry Kissinger's tireless efforts at peacemaking, which involved numerous flights among the capitals of the Middle East and won him acclaim from all sides.

Democratic governor from Alabama who posed the most significant to Nixon's reelection in 1972, he was forced to withdraw from the campaign in May after he was shot and paralyzed in an assassination attempt.

Watergate Judge whose relentless prodding elicited the full details of the scandal from one of the accused.

North Carolinian Senator and head of the Senate investigation committee during the Watergate trials.

The time during the Watergate trial when President Nixon ordered Harvard law professor Archibald Cox fired, and Attorney-General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney-General William Ruckelshaus resigned rather than execute his order.

President from 1976-80, a Southern Democrat who upheld human rights and liberal reform but lost popularity for his inability to solve America's energy and economic crises

Peace agreement between Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, brokered by President Jimmy Carter in 1978.

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between Nixon and Soviet Premier Brezhnev in 1972, which limited both the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and the construction of antiballistic missile systems (ABMSs).

A Muslim religious leader who upheld Islamic values and shunned the West, Khomeini gained power after the fall of the shah in 1979 and soon engaged the U.S. and the UN in a bloody and costly hostage crisis.

The Iran-Contra Affair involved
A) selling arms for hostages in Iran
B) Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver North
C) secretly supporting rebels in Nicaragua.
D) all of the above.

In fighting Iraq in Desert Storm, the Bush administration
A) had the support of the United Nations in Resolution 678.
B) used 400,0000 American troups.
C) was assisted by forces from more than 20 nations.
D) all of the above

True or False: Reagan's attack on Grenada was called "Star Wars".

Reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Empire included all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) Gorbachev's repudiation of the Brezhnev Doctrine
B) demonstrations in Tiananmen Square.
C) peaceful revolutions in Poland and Hungary.
D) the destruction of the Berlin Wall

Ronald Reagan's successes as a President included the
A) abolition of the Department of Education.
B) reduction of a federal budget as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
C) federal legislation to restore school prayer.
D) none of the above

A Hollywood actor who became governor of California and later served two presidential terms (from 1980-84), known for his personal charisma and his conservative economic and social views.

Televangelist Jerry Falwell's political lobbying organization, the name of which became synonymous with the religious right-conservative evangelical Protestants who helped ensure President Ronald Reagan's 1980 victory.

A right-wing Republican activist from Illinois who orchestrated a backlash against the feminist movement during the 1970s, helping to defeat the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and convince many northern Democrats-mostly working-class Catholics- to support Reagan.

The popular name for President Ronald Reagan's philosophy of "supply side'' economics, which combined tax cuts, less government spending, and a balanced budget with an unregulated marketplace.

A measure signed by Reagan in 1981 which cut personal income taxes by 25 percent, lowered the maximum rate from 70 to 50 percent for 1982, cut the capital gains tax by a third, and offered the wealthy a broad array of other tax concessions.

The problematic situations that arose when Reagan, like Harding and Coolidge in the 1920s, named people to government positions who were unsympathetic to the regulatory functions for which they were responsible.

A nickname given to Reagan's term by critics, referring to the way his charismatic style effectively shielded him from blame over the growing scandals and conflicts of interest among his aides and cronies-like Teflon, nothing negative stuck to the president's reputation.

Guerrilla bands of disgruntled Nicaraguans who, trained by the CIA under the Reagan administration, staged attacks on Sandinista bases and officials from sanctuaries in Honduras.

A tiny Caribbean island seized by a radical military council in 1983, which Reagan ordered the U.S. military to reclaim-a quick action that made him appear decisive and gained much popular support from both Americans and Grenadans.

The 1984 Democratic Party presidential nominee, tagged the candidate of the "special interests" and plagued by campaign setbacks, who lost the election to Reagan by a large margin.

An act signed by Reagan in 1986 that served to lower federal income tax rates to 1920s levels and eliminate many loopholes.

Scandal of the second Reagan administration involving sale of arms to Iran in partial exchange for release of hostages in Lebanon and use of the arms money to aid the Contras in Nicaragua, which had been expressly forbidden by Congress.

A Marine lieutenant-colonel and National Security Council aide who played a central role in the Iran-Contra scandal, organizing illegal operations from the basement of the White House, North was fired when the press broke the story to the public.

Transformation of blighted areas and neighborhoods into places for the middle and upper classes through development and rebuilding that often displaced poorer residents.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a deadly malady with high treatment costs that began to gain notice in the 1980s, but was initially disregarded by political conservatives who viewed it as a "gay" disease.

"Restructuring," one of two central principles in Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's response to the failure of his country's previously rigid economic system in the late 1980s.

"Openness," one of Gorbachev's two guiding policies during his general loosening of Soviet central economic planning and censorship in the late 1980s.

Populist president of the Russian republic, who emerged as the most popular political figure in the country after the failed reactionary coup of 1991 in which military and political rebels attempted to overthrow Gorbachev and seize control of the Soviet Union.

Leader of the Panamanian Defense Forces, Noriega supplied information to the CIA during the Bush administration, but was indicted in 1988 for drug and other charges and eventually captured and convicted after a military standoff with U.S. troops in Panama.

Dictator of Iraq, whose invasion of Kuwait in 1990 initiated the military battle Operation Desert Storm, which left over 100,000 Iraqis dead but their leader still in power.

Multinational military operation aimed at protecting Kuwait and Saudi Arabia from Iraqi invasion in 1990 (Became Operation Desert Storm when the first cruise missiles began to hit Iraq in January 1991).

Multinational allied force that defeated Iraq in the Gulf War of January 1991.

The Democratic candidate in the 1988 presidential race, Dukakis initially held a wide lead over George Bush, but a less-focused campaign and mudslinging from his critics lost Dukakis the majority of both the popular and electoral college votes.

True or False: The Christian Coalition chose to work politically through the Democratic Party.

True or False: George W. Bush received more popular votes than Al Gore in the 2000 election.

The 2008 election was historic for all of these reasons, EXCEPT:
A) Sarah Palin was the first woman to run for President
B) Obama was the first African American to be nominated for president by either major party
C) McCain was the oldest candidate to ever run for president
D) the Internet was used to get grassroots support

Sarah Palin was NOT the first woman to run for President, she ran for V.P.

True or False: The computer age began in 1975.

By the end of 2005, U.S. involvement in Iraq suffered from:
A) the admission of weapons of mass destruction had not been found
B) continued violence and suicide bombings in Iraq
C) revelations of torture and abuse of Iraqi prisoners by America
D) all of the above

True or False: Within a few weeks of the attack on the World Trade Center, the United States led a major bombing attack on Afghanistan.

States of the South and West which during the last quarter of the twentieth century continued to lure residents from the Midwest and Northeast.

Economy at the end of the twentieth century that continued to shift from manufacturing to professional service industries, particularly those specializing in telecommunications and information processing.

Off-and-on independent presidential candidate and billionaire who found a big audience for his simplified explanations of public problems and his offers to just "get under the hood and fix them."

Allowed certain workers to take twelve weeks of unpaid leave each year for family health problems, including birth or adoption of a child.

The North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico allowed goods to travel across their borders free of tariffs; critics argued that American workers would lose their jobs to cheaper Mexican labor.

Religious cult that lived communally near Waco, Texas, and was involved in a fiery 1993 confrontation with federal authorities in which dozens of cult members died.

Where a confrontation between federal authorities and a militia group resulted in catastrophic consequences.

A ten-point contract that outlined an anti-big-government program with less regulation, less conservation, term limits for members of Congress, a line-item veto for the president, welfare reform, and a balanced-budget amendment.

Republican Speaker of the House who launched a series of attacks on the ethics of the Democratic leadership in the House, and who helped mobilize religious and social conservatives associated with the Christian Coalition.

New legislation that gave government agencies the right to eavesdrop on confidential conversations between prison inmates and their lawyers.

ESSAY QUESTION:
Name 5 mistakes Hitler made with dates:

3rd mistake was invading Russia - Hitler took troops from Europe to go invade Russia and he highly underestimated the Soviet Army. He lost some 70% of the troops he sent.

4th mistake was declaring war on the US.

5th mistake was when he turned down Stalin's offer of being ally with one another, June 1943. This seals Stalin's alliance with the Allies and he later meets with them at the Tehran Conference to discuss their second offensive against the Nazis

ESSAY QUESTION:
What were the decisions made at Yalta?

At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill discussed with Stalin the conditions under which the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan and all three agreed that, in exchange for potentially crucial Soviet participation in the Pacific theater, the Soviets would be granted a sphere of influence in Manchuria following Japan's surrender. This included the southern portion of Sakhalin, a lease at Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou), a share in the operation of the Manchurian railroads, and the Kurile Islands.

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed not only to include France in the postwar governing of Germany, but also that Germany should assume some, but not all, responsibility for reparations following the war.

The Americans and the British generally agreed that future governments of the Eastern European nations bordering the Soviet Union should be "friendly" to the Soviet regime while the Soviets pledged to allow free elections in all territories liberated from Nazi Germany.

Negotiators also released a declaration on Poland, providing for the inclusion of Communists in the postwar national government.

All parties agreed to an American plan concerning voting procedures in the Security Council, which had been expanded to five permanent members following the inclusion of France. Each of these permanent members was to hold a veto on decisions before the Security Council.