Sciatica

What is sciatica?

Sciatica, also known as lumbar radiculopathy, is a pain that originates along the sciatic nerve, which extends from the back of the pelvis down the back of the thigh. The sciatic nerve is the primary nerve of the leg. It is also the largest nerve in the entire body.

What causes sciatica?

Usually, sciatica is caused by a herniated disk in the spine that presses on the sciatic nerve. Other causes that may put pressure on the sciatic nerve may include the following:

Obesity

Poor posture

Tumor

Abscess

Blood clot

Awkward sitting position

Any nerve disorders

Sometimes a cause for the sciatica cannot be identified.

What are the symptoms of sciatica?

The following are the most common symptoms of sciatica. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

Lower back pain that radiates down the buttock and back of one thigh

Pain that extends from the buttock down to the foot

Numbness (in severe cases)

Weakness (in severe cases)

The symptoms of sciatica may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult a doctor for a diagnosis.

How is sciatica diagnosed?

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for sciatica may include the following:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.

Electromyography and nerve conduction study (EMG and NCS). A diagnostic procedure conducted together that records and analyzes electrical impulses in the muscles. During the EMG, thin needles are placed in the muscle to record electrical activity. The NCS is often done along with the EMG to determine if a nerve is functioning normally. Electrodes are then placed in various locations on the skin along the nerve pathway. When stimulating the nerve at various places, the doctor can then determine the specific site of the injury.

What is the treatment for sciatica?

Specific treatment for sciatica will be determined by your doctor based on:

Your age, overall health, and medical history

Extent of the disease

Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

Expectations for the course of the disease

Your opinion or preference

Sciatica usually heals on its own with rest and time. To help relieve the pain, treatment may include: