Metamorphosis: The Ultimate Transformer

Metamorphosis is not just for insects. Other animals can go through stages of metamorphosis.

Imagine if your body could change its shape and the things it could do. You might start out walking on the ground with two legs and then later develop wings to fly. Maybe you begin your life with gills and fins so you can breathe and swim under water and then later grow a set of lungs and legs so you could live on dry land. Does this sound like a fantastic and unbelievable story to you? It isn’t. Every day there are animals that make these types of changes as part of a process called metamorphosis.

The word “metamorphosis” comes from the Greek and means to transform. There are a lot of examples of this type of change. Frogs start out as eggs, then become tadpoles before becoming adults. Fish, such as salmon, must transform so they can move from fresh water to salt water and back to freshwater. Both of these changes are impressive, but maybe the most amazing animal transformation happens in the insect world. For some insects it is possible to begin life crawling and eating and later change into a flying animal. In fact, many insects experience extreme changes as they grow and develop to become adults.

Adult ladybeetle laying eggs. Ladybeetles begin as eggs, then go through a larva and pupa stage before reaching their adult form.

People change too, but our development is not as impressive as that of insects. Humans have a skeleton on the inside of their bodies, where the bones can grow longer and thicker as they get older. Insects have an exoskeleton, which means that their skeleton is on the outside of their body. An exoskeleton is made of chitin which is a strong and hard material. Unlike human skin, chitin is not stretchy and insects must make new skeletons as they grow larger. To do this, they will grow and change as they go through different stages. This transformation is called a metamorphosis.

Most insects begin life as an egg and hatch within a few days of being laid. But there are some insects that will live through an entire season as an egg before hatching. The insects that stay in the egg longer need more time to grow and become strong enough to live outside of the egg. When the temperature becomes warm and comfortable these tiny insects will break out of their eggs and, depending on the species, will go through an incomplete or a complete metamorphosis. Below is a table with the two types of metamorphosis and a list of some of the insects that go through each form of development.

Incomplete Metamorphosis

Complete Metamorphosis

Aphids

Crickets

Grasshoppers

Praying Mantises

Cockroaches

Termites

Dragonflies

Lice

Beetles

Flies

Ants

Bees

Butterflies

Moths

Fleas

Lacewings

Table listing animals that go through incomplete or complete metamorphosis.

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