The first bridge at this location was built in 1884. The 1884 structure
was reconstructed in 1890 to accommodate streetcars. Streetcar service
ended in 1952, and the bridge was determined to be obsolete shortly after
that time and was dismantled in 1965.

The current Washington Avenue bridge was built in 1965. It is a large
steel plate girder bridge with a main span of 251 feet. A plate girder
bridge is built with large steel beams that are fabricated in a steel
shop as opposed to being forged or rolled in a steel mill. This allows
engineers to design thicker and thinner spots in the girders to meet the
load requirements. A second deck was built on the bridge to be used as
a pedestrian walkway for the University of Minnesota, which was just
starting to build a large complex on the west side of the Mississippi
River.

Harsh winter winds made crossing the bridge quite an ordeal in the
middle of the famous Minnesota winters. About 5 years after the bridge
opened, the enclosed walkway was built on top of the top deck. The
walkway was intended to be heated, but the energy crisis in the early
1970s ended that plan. There are some heaters in the walkway to create
some warm spots, but due to drafts, the walkway can drop down below
the freezing point. The major function of the walkway is to act as a
windbreak, and to keep people dry during rain and snow storms.

The Washington Avenue bridge was painted gray when it was built. The
upper deck was painted in the university colors of maroon and gold in
the late 1990s. The rest of the structure was painted school colors in
the early 2000s. According to the Wikipedia article, that effort was
tedious and slow due to the old paint containing lead, which had to be
removed, collected, and disposed of. The end result is a colorful
signature structure for the university, which happens to sit next to
the Frank Gehry designed Weisman Art Museum, another even more stunning
signature structure at the University of Minnesota.

This bridge connects the heart of the University of Minnesota East Bank
Campus to the freeway system. While the roadway is widely known as
Southeast Washington Ave, it also carries the designation of Hennepin
County Highway 122, also known as County State Aid Highway 122. The
road is a short section of freeway that runs between the Metrodome and
the Mississippi River. It has a partial interchange with I-35W and a
diamond interchange with Cedar Avenue South. The bridge and highway
carried the designation of US-12 until US-12 was moved to I-94, then
carried MN-122 until the road was turned back to the county in 1997.

The Washington Avenue bridge was in the news again in 2008. The next phase
of the light rail system is planned to run between the two downtown city
centers along University Avenue. The light rail will exit downtown
Minneapolis through the U of M west bank buildings, cross the river
using the Washington Avenue bridge, and continue down the center of
Washington Ave to reach University Avenue. A consulting company was
hired to determine how to retrofit light rail onto the Washington Ave
bridge. As part of that project, the consulting company found that the
upper deck supports are not strong enough to meet current standards.
The vertical steel supports appear to be just strong enough to support the
dead weight of the upper deck, but do not have the margin of safety
needed to support the live loads on the bridge. Until the bridge retrofit
is completed, both pedestrian and bicycle traffic is confined to a single
narrow path down the middle of the upper deck.

On a sad note, the Washington Avenue bridge is also known as the bridge
where poet and professor John Berryman committed suicide in 1972.

The photo above is a profile view of the bridge. Note the odd configuration
of the steel girders. The steel girders taper to a point near the two piers
on the left, but do not taper near the pier on the right. Photo was taken
from the park at Bohemian Flats along the West River Parkway.

The photo below is a view of the signature feature of the Washington Avenue
Bridge, the enclosed walkway on the top level.

The photo above is another view of the top deck of the bridge and the
enclosed walkway. The photo below shows one of the plaza walkways that
connects to the west end of the bridge. There are elevated plazas at each
end of the bridge, each with several elevated connections to buildings.

These two photos are views from the south side of the west end of the bridge.
The photo above is a view down the side of the bridge. Thick vegetation and
brush prevent a clear view. It looks like there is a well worn trail going
under the bridge, but given that there is a very tall sheer drop on the
edge of the trail, it did not look worth the risk. The photo below is a
view of the traffic deck from the bus stop on the south side of the west
end of the bridge.

These two photos are views from the north side of the west end of the bridge.
The photo above is a view down the side of the bridge from the level of the
upper deck. The photo below is from the same location, but is a view of
the traffic deck.

These two photos are the first of 4 views that show a typical crossing of
the Washington Avenue Bridge heading eastbound from the west end to the
east end of the bridge. The photo above is the west portal of the bridge.
The structure is the West Bank Skyway, which spans MN-121 between Willey
Hall (MN Population Center and a theater) and Blegen Hall (houses geography
and archeology labs). The photo below is a view just after entering
the bridge. Traffic is on the lower level, while bicycles and pedestrians
use the upper level.

These two photos are the final two photos in our crossing of the Washington
Avenue bridge heading eastbound. In the photo above, we are about halfway
across the main river span. The maroon colored vertical supports are the
structural members whose strength has been called into question. The silver
building on the far side of the river is the Weisman Art Museum, which was
designed by Frank Gehry. The photo below is nearing the east end of the
bridge. The road drops down to a 25 mile per hour surface street and
becomes heavily congested through the University of Minnesota east bank
area. The exit ramp allows access to the East River Parkway.

The photo above is a view of the Washington Avenue Bridge as seen from the
Northern Pacific Bridge #9 located just upriver. The view is looking south
into the bright morning sun. The material on the riverbank is the remains
of the I-35W bridge, which collapsed 18 months prior to this photo being
taken. The bridge bridge truss sections were partially reassembled at
this location. The photo below is from a historic display located on the
University of Minnesota campus. It shows the original Washington Avenue
Bridge circa 1905. This iron truss bridge was in place from 1884 to 1965.