A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy. (Pregnancy losses after the 20th week are called preterm deliveries.) A miscarriage may also be called a "spontaneous abortion." This refers to naturally occurring events, not medical abortions or surgical abortions.
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4

Delayed ovulation:
No, conceiving in a late ovulatory cycle does not increase your chance of miscarriage. It just confuses people on your actual date of conception and the due date. An early sonogram( first trimester) confirms helps determine the actual gestational age of the baby and usually results in an adjusted due date based on the sono findings and not your last menstrual period date. Congratulations!
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5

Controversial:
The role in the quality of the ovulation is not well-understood and is debated among gynecologists. I would say you have a 25% chance of miscarriage, which is equal to the baseline risk. Early ultrasound or serial hCG blood tests could be reassuring for you.
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6

Yes, you may not:
If you are not ovulating, it may be a long time before you bleed. If you are not wanting to get pregnant now, BCPs would be the easiest way to control your cycles. If you are wanting pregnancy, you may need to be tested for PCOS or some other hormone imbalance.
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8

No:
The pregnancy test should be 14 days after ovulation. It also depends which pregnancy test do you use. For urine pregnancy test should be 14 days after ovulation, for blood HCG test, it can be as early as 12 days after ovulation.
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9

Cannot diagnose:
You really need to go back to your gynecologist and ask for answers to these questions since they may require a detailed exam and some testing to be responded to adequately. Best wishes.
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Miscarriage is a "lay" term for early pregnancy loss usually prior to the second trimester. Physician's use the term "spontaneous abortion" to describe these events, but the word "abortion" in lay use has come to connote only an elective interrupted pregnancy- right or wrong.
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