Ion Implantation Ranges

The radioactive ion beam is implanted
into the solid sample under study in a random way, i.e. the ions will stop
randomly with some distribution of depths determined by the ion mass and
energy, the density and composition (and to a small extent the structure)
of the sample material. The distribution is characterized by a "mean stopping
range". - range straggling

To employ βNMR as a depth
sensitive magnetic probe it is important to establish the ranging properties
of the beam. Monte Carlo codes are available to simulate the stopping process,
but they are largely untested at these low energies (below 30keV).

Another important aspect of the
implantation of low energy ions in solids is the possibility of backscattering.