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Wildflower Seeds - Northeast Region

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Herbalists use this member of the mint family for culinary purposes, since the leaves make an excellent tea and the flowers are also edible. Native to the north central United States, anise hyssop is a traditional medicinal plant of the Native Americans; its leaves have antibacterial benefits that treat colds, coughs, or poor digestion. Because of the subtle anise flavor it gives honey, anise hyssop became popular with colonists for planting near bee hives.

Aromatic Aster blooms very late in the fall, and distinguishes itself from other asters by its attractive balsam scented foliage and larger than usual blooms. Though rather uncommon in the wild, it usually grows in rough, dry ground or prairie soil. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

Though no longer common in the wild, Arrow-leaved Aster still grows occasionally in open woodland areas or prairies. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

Legend has it that the name of this flower comes from popular poem "Black-Eyed Susan" by 19th century poet John Gay. In the poem, pretty Susan loved a sailor boy named William. Interestingly, this flower and Wild Sweet William always bloom at the same time. The genus name "Rudbeckia" honors a family of renowned scientists and professors, the Rudbecks of Sweden, who taught Carl Linnaeus at the University of Uppsula. The species name "amplexicaulis" means "stem-clasping," in reference to the growth of the leaves.

In 1753, eminent botanist Carl Linnaeus gave Blood Flower its Latin genus name, "Asclepias." Asclepias, the name of the legendary Greek deity of medicine and healing, is especially appropriate since this plant formerly had numerous medicinal uses. At one time, the silk from the seed pods was spun for fabric or used for stuffing pillows; in World War II, school children gathered the silk to provide a cheap filling for soldiers' life jackets. Commercial attempts to make use of this abundant plant included the manufacture of paper, fabric, lubricant, fuel, and rubber; eventually these became impractical and were abandoned. In the wild, Blood Flower attracts flocks of butterflies and their larvae; butterflies are immune to the plant's poison, and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

This blue beauty grows on the meadows and cliffs of Colorado's Rocky Mountains, and was adopted as its official state flower in 1899 after winning the vote of the state's school children. Edwin James, a botanist for the one of the first climbing expeditions to Pike's Peak, first discovered and described this alpine flower in 1820; it grows at an altitude range of 10,000-13,000 feet, establishing itself on rocky slopes or cliffs. Since this species has become increasingly rare in the wild, Colorado law asks its citizens to protect the flower's growth. The name "columbine" is derived from the Latin "columba," or dove, since an upside down bloom looks like a circle of doves around a fountain. The Latin genus name "Aquilegia" means "eagle," since the spikes on the back of the flower look like an eagle's talons.

A versatile plant, native sage has had medicinal, ornamental, and culinary uses for generations. The first botanical classification of this family of plants can be found in 19th century British botanist George Bentham's influential work Genera Plantarum. The genus name "Salvia" comes from the Latin "salvere" meaning "to heal," referring to the plant's medicinal benefits.

Blue Wild Indigo grows in sandy, dry areas or open woods; its deep tap root gives it protection from the drought and prairie fires of its native ground. Native Americans and early settlers once used various species of this plant family to make a blue dye, since the superior true indigo dye was expensive and not easily obtained. As a member of the nitrogen-fixing legume family, indigo makes an excellent choice for soil that needs replenishment of its nutrients. The genus name "baptisia" comes from a Greek word meaning "to dye."

In spite of the name, Boneset has no connection to broken bones. Early settlers used this plant in the treatment of dengue or "break-bone" fever, which is carried by mosquitoes and causes muscular pain so horrific it feels like bones are breaking. Though its medicinal effectiveness has been debated in recent years, it was once used as a cure-all for the common cold, coughs, and various other complaints. During colonial times, boneset was one of the most well-known healing plants in America.

Legend has it that the name of this flower comes from popular poem "Black-Eyed Susan" by 19th century poet John Gay. In the poem, pretty Susan loved a sailor boy named William. Interestingly, this flower and Wild Sweet William always bloom at the same time. The genus name "Rudbeckia" honors a family of renowned scientists and professors, the Rudbecks of Sweden, who taught Carl Linnaeus at the University of Uppsula. The species name "amplexicaulis" means "stem-clasping," in reference to the growth of the leaves.

Butterfly Weed, one of the most striking of native plants, lights up the prairies with its blazing orange flowers. It thrives in rocky or sandy soil, typically in open fields or along roadsides. One of its common names, pleurisy root, refers to an old remedy for lung ailments that contained this plant. At one time, the silk from this plant's seed pods was spun for fabric or used for stuffing pillows; in World War II, school children gathered the silk to provide a cheap filling for soldiers' life jackets. Commercial attempts to make use of this abundant plant included the manufacture of paper, fabric, lubricant, fuel, and rubber; eventually these became impractical and were abandoned. Though this plant is toxic to most animals, butterflies are immune to the plant's poison and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

This striking native wildflower is often cultivated for its amazing ability to attract butterflies and bees. Though the meaning of the Latin genus name Liatris is a mystery, the species name aspera means "rough" and refers to the coarse texture of the leaves. The first record of this species can be found in the botanical notes of Andre Michaux, a French botanist who explored the American West about a decade before the famous Lewis and Clark expedition.

Contrary to popular belief, this plant does not cause summer hay fever but simply happens to bloom at the same time as ragweed. Native Americans and early settlers often used this plant for healing purposes, as well as creating a strong yellow dye from its blossoms. Because of its common availability, inventor Thomas Edison harvested the natural rubber in the leaves of the plant to create an acceptable substitute for synthetic rubber. The genus name "Solidago" comes from the Latin words for "to make whole," referring to the plant's medicinal properties.

The brilliant color of this flower earned it its common name, which refers to the traditional red vestments of cardinals. Historical records show that explorers first encountered this native plant near a river in Canada, and sent it back to Europe for classification. The genus name Lobelia honors Flemish botanist Mathias de Lobel. This flower received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Native to swamps and marshy areas, this plant has a long history of use by Native American tribes because of the potato-like tubers that form at its roots. The common name "duck potato" refers to the many wild birds that forage both from the seeds and the tubers. Famed explorers Lewis and Clark first discovered this plant at Oregon's Willamette River, noting that it was a valued source of food. The genus name "sagittaria" means "arrow-shaped" in reference to the leaves, while the species name "latifolia" means "wide-leaved."

In 1753, eminent botanist Carl Linnaeus gave Blood Flower its Latin genus name, "Asclepias." Asclepias, the name of the legendary Greek representation of medicine and healing, is especially appropriate since this plant formerly had numerous medicinal uses. At one time, the silk from the seed pods was spun for fabric or used for stuffing pillows; in World War II, school children gathered the silk to provide a cheap filling for soldiers' life jackets. Commercial attempts to make use of this abundant plant included the manufacture of paper, fabric, lubricant, fuel, and rubber; eventually these became impractical and were abandoned. Milkweed attracts flocks of butterflies and their larvae; butterflies are immune to the plant's poison, and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

These delicate nodding blossoms are native to Europe; they grow wild throughout much of northern Europe, especially abundant due to their reseeding habit. Legend has it that these wildflowers grew in the footsteps of the virgin Mary on her journey to the house of Elizabeth; medieval paintings sometimes included this flower to signify the Holy Spirit, because of the plant's association with doves. The name "columbine" is derived from the Latin "columba," or dove, since an upside down columbine bloom looks like a circle of doves around a fountain. The Latin genus name "Aquilegia" means "eagle," a reference to the spikes on the back of the flower that resemble an eagle's talons.

The common name "fireweed" comes from this wildflower's rapid growth over recently burned ground. The seeds remain in the soil for many years, bursting into bloom when fire clears the ground and brings light to the soil. In twentieth century Britain, this bright flower acquired the nickname "bombweed" because it thrived in bomb craters. Fireweed has become a symbol of the Alaska and the Yukon region, and has a long history of culinary and medicinal use; currently, the slightly spicy petals are used to flavor wildflower honey, candy, ice cream, or jelly.

This early-blooming aster provides nectar for Pearl Crescent and Silvery Checkerspot butterflies, as a host plant in their life cycle. In the wild, it grows in moist, sandy areas or woodland. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

Also known as Black-Eyed Susans, the common name of this flower comes from a popular poem of the same name by 19th century poet John Gay. In the poem, pretty Susan loved a sailor boy named William. Interestingly, this flower and Wild Sweet William always bloom at the same time. The genus name "Rudbeckia" honors a family of renowned scientists and professors, the Rudbecks of Sweden, who taught Carl Linnaeus at the University of Uppsula. The species name "amplexicaulis" means "stem-clasping," in reference to the growth of the leaves.

Native to the Caucasus mountains, Gold Yarrow has long been cultivated because of its fragrant fern-like foliage, and cheerful, long lasting flowers. Gold Yarrow grows taller and blooms sooner than the other colors of Yarrow, and it is not as invasive. It is a perfect border plant, and is also beautiful en masse.

This moisture-loving woodland plant can be found thriving along streams or in abandoned fields and meadows. The first historical record of this plant comes from Carl Linnaeus' landmark work Species Plantarum, published in 1753. Linnaeus named the genus "Zizia" in honor of German botanist Johann Baptist Ziz. The species name "aurea" is Latin for "golden," referring to the color of the blossoms.

This plant's genus name of Lobelia honors Flemish botanist Mathias de Lobel, who studied medicinal uses for plants. "Siphilitica," the species name, is derived from a folk belief that this plant could treat syphilis.

Though not from the true mint family, this native American herb provides a very respectable substitute and has a long history of culinary use. The first botanical records of this plant come from French botanist Andre Michaux's notes from the late 18th century, as a result of his expedition through the mountains of Pennsylvania. The formidable genus name "Pycnanthemum" comes from Latin words meaning "many clustered flowers," while the species name "pilosum" means "softly hairy" in reference to the texture of the foliage.

This charming variety of wood mint also has the name of Hairy Pagoda Plant because of its unusual stacked clusters of flowers. Botanist Frederick Pursh was the first to describe this native plant, publishing it in his Flora Americae Septenrionalis in 1814. Its genus name "Blephilia" means "eyelash," in reference to the fringes of soft hairs on the blossoms. In the wild, Hairy Wood Mint grows in rich woodland soil or in sheltered areas.

This moisture-loving woodland plant can be found thriving along streams or in abandoned fields and meadows. Historical records show that this species was first described for science in 1856 by Asa Gray, one of the most influential 19th century American botanists. The genus name "Zizia" honors German botanist Johann Baptist Ziz.

Named for their resemblance to the white heath of the moors of England, Heath Asters thrive in dry, rocky prairie ground or pasture land. Since grazing animals tend to avoid this plant and it spreads easily, it will eventually form extended colonies of attractive white bushes. Native Americans once used this plant in sweat baths, since it produced invigorating herbal steam. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

Legend has it that the name of this flower comes from popular poem "Black-Eyed Susan" by 19th century poet John Gay. In the poem, pretty Susan loved a sailor boy named William. Interestingly, this flower and Wild Sweet William always bloom at the same time. The genus name "Rudbeckia" honors a family of renowned scientists and professors, the Rudbecks of Sweden, who taught Carl Linnaeus at the University of Uppsula. The species name "amplexicaulis" means "stem-clasping," in reference to the growth of the leaves.

According to legend, an 18th century healer named Joe Pye often used this plant for curing fevers and other sickness. Early settlers used this plant in the treatment of typhus, while Native Americans used it to cause the body to sweat. The genus name "Eupatorium" comes from a connection to an ancient Greek king named Eupator, who was rumored to have found an herbal antidote to poison that included this species. Though it has become increasingly rare in the wild, it can still be found occasionally in moist areas such as swamps and riverbanks.

Though not usually noted for their appearance, these native plants attract an abundance of butterflies and bees because of their nectar.The genus name "Scrophularia" comes from the Latin word for a disease of the lymph nodes, so named by a 15th century physician who saw a resemblance between that condition and the plant's roots. The common name of carpenter's square refers to to the perfectly square angles of the plant's stems.

Though not a member of the mint family, this plant has a distinct herbal scent that has hints of citrus. Because its leaves contain citronellol, the essential oil distilled from this plant has a repellent effect on insects. The genus name Monarda honors Spanish botanist Nicolas Bautista Monardes, who studied herbal and medicinal plants from North America during the 16th century. The species name "citriodora" comes from Latin words meaning "having a citrus aroma."

A versatile plant, native sage has had medicinal, ornamental, and culinary uses for generations. The first botanical classification of this family of plants can be found in 19th century British botanist George Bentham's influential work Genera Plantarum. The genus name "Salvia" comes from the Latin "salvere" meaning "to heal," referring to the plant's medicinal benefits. The species name "lyrata" means "lyre-shaped" in reference to the leaves.

This striking native wildflower is often cultivated for its amazing ability to attract butterflies and bees. Though the meaning of the Latin genus name Liatris is a mystery, the species name spicata means "spike." This species is one of the many studied by the German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow, who laid the foundations for the scientific study of plant distribution.

McKana Giant columbines were developed specifically for their large, striking blooms and many colors; this AAS Award winner first became available in the 1950s. The name "columbine" is derived from the Latin "columba," or dove, since an upside down columbine bloom looks like a circle of doves around a fountain. The Latin genus name "Aquilegia" means "eagle," a reference to the spikes on the back of the flower that resemble an eagle's talons. These unique hollow spurs on the blossoms contain an abundance of nectar, though only hummingbirds and other long-tongued feeders such as the hawk moth can reach it. Ruby-throated hummingbirds especially love this plant. Its natural habitats are woodland areas, rocky slopes, or along streams.

Though this "butterfly magnet" has become increasingly uncommon in the wild, it can still be found occasionally in moist areas such as swamps, woodland, or riverbanks. Plants in this family have been used for centuries for curing fevers and other sickness. The genus name "Eupatorium" comes from a connection to an ancient Greek king named Eupator, who was rumored to have found an herbal antidote to poison that may have included species in this genus.

Though not from the true mint family, this native American herb provides a very respectable substitute and has a long history of culinary use. The first botanical records of this plant come from French botanist Andre Michaux's notes from the late 18th century, as a result of his expedition through the frontier of Pennsylvania. The formidable genus name "Pycnanthemum" comes from Latin words meaning "many clustered flowers," while the species name "virginianum" means "of Virginia."

All the members of the Echinacea genus are native to North America, though they are becoming more rare in the wild. The genus name Echinacea comes from the Greek word for "hedgehog," referring to the spiny seed head of the flower. Historically, this family of plants has been extensively used by Native American tribes and early settlers because of its beneficial medicinal properties. Echinacea acts as a natural antibiotic, and improves the function of the immune system; it became very popular in the medical field in the early twentieth century, particularly after the extensive researches of the German Dr. Gerhard Madaus. Echinacea is still widely used as an herbal remedy, as well as being a common and well-loved addition to perennial gardens and prairie plantings.

Because of its extravagant beauty and hardy growth, the New England Aster is one of the most well known native wildflowers; it makes an excellent addition to prairie restoration plantings, either in wetland or in drier areas. These fuschia flowers light up late fall growth in prairies, roadsides, and ditches. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

During the time of the Revolutionary War, the American colonists began making their own tea as a substitute for the expensive Chinese or British tea. The leaves of this nitrogen-fixing native shrub, which grew abundantly in New Jersey, could be used to make a beverage much like black tea. Native American women often used the fragrant flowers as a soap, since they produce a gentle lather and cleansing agent; the entire plant has also been used in the production of brown, green, and red dyes. This plant is a host for several butterfly species such as Spring and Summer Azures and the Mottled Duskywing. Its deep, extensive root system makes it one of the most fire-resistant shrubs on the prairie; fire may actually improve the germination of its seeds.

This colorful aster originates in the Mid-Atlantic region, springing up in marshy ground, shoreland, or wet meadow areas. Its Latin name, "novi-belgii," means New Belgium, a historical name for the state of New York. This variety has also been referred to as a "Michaelmas daisy" because of its blossoming around the time of the feast of St. Michael on September 29. German botanist Paul Hermann first catalogued this species in 1687, and it was being widely grown in gardens by the beginning of the eighteenth century. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

This striking native wildflower is often cultivated for its amazing ability to attract butterflies and bees. Though the meaning of the Latin genus name Liatris is a mystery, the species name scariosa means "thin." This species is one of the many studied by the German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow, who laid the foundations for the scientific study of plant distribution.

These native plants earned their name because of their flexible stems, which "obediently" stay bent for short periods of time. Another common name, "dragon-head," comes from a fancied resemblance of the blossoms to the head of a mythical beast. The genus name "Physostegia" comes from the Greek words for "bladder covering," referring to the rounded seed pods. The species name "virginians" comes from the Latin, meaning "from Virginia."

Contrary to popular belief, this plant does not cause summer hay fever but simply happens to bloom at the same time as ragweed. Native Americans and early settlers often used this plant for healing purposes, as well as creating a strong yellow dye from its blossoms. Because of its common availability, inventor Thomas Edison harvested the natural rubber in the leaves of the plant to create an acceptable substitute for synthetic rubber. The genus name "Solidago" comes from the Latin words for "to make whole," referring to the plant's medicinal properties.

At one time, traditional healers would use this plant as a remedy for spider bites; they believed that the plant's slight resemblance to a cowering spider would make it effective for this purpose. A "wort" was a general term for any type of plant used for medicinal purposes. The common name also comes from the plant stems' unusual secretion of mucus, which has a spiderweb-like stickiness. The genus name "Tradescantia" honors John Tradescant, a 17th century royal gardener for the court of King Charles I.

Contrary to popular belief, this plant does not cause summer hay fever but simply happens to bloom at the same time as ragweed. Native Americans and early settlers often used this plant for healing purposes, as well as creating a strong yellow dye from its blossoms. Because of its common availability, inventor Thomas Edison harvested the natural rubber in the leaves of the plant to create an acceptable substitute for synthetic rubber. The genus name "Solidago" comes from the Latin words for "to make whole," referring to the plant's medicinal properties.

Also known as Black-Eyed Susans, the common name of this flower comes from a popular poem of the same name by 19th century poet John Gay. In the poem, pretty Susan loved a sailor boy named William. Interestingly, this flower and Wild Sweet William always bloom at the same time. The genus name "Rudbeckia" honors a family of renowned scientists and professors, the Rudbecks of Sweden, who taught Carl Linnaeus at the University of Uppsula. The species name "amplexicaulis" means "stem-clasping," in reference to the growth of the leaves.

These unusual maroon blossoms are native to parts of northern Asia and Europe. It thrives in dry, sunny spots in open forests or on rocky slopes. Due to decreasing natural habitat and over-picking, this species has become threatened in some areas; it can be found on the Red List of endangered plants in Switzerland. The name "columbine" is derived from the Latin "columba," or dove, since an upside down columbine bloom looks like a circle of doves around a fountain. The Latin genus name "Aquilegia" means "eagle," a reference to the spikes on the back of the flower that resemble an eagle's talons.

All the members of the Echinacea genus are native to North America, though they are becoming more rare in the wild. The genus name Echinacea comes from the Greek word for "hedgehog," referring to the spiny seed head of the flower. Historically, this family of plants has been extensively used by Native American tribes and early settlers because of its beneficial medicinal properties. Echinacea acts as a natural antibiotic, and improves the function of the immune system; it became very popular in the medical field in the early twentieth century, particularly after the extensive researches of the German Dr. Gerhard Madaus. Echinacea is still widely used as an herbal remedy, as well as being a common and well-loved addition to perennial gardens and prairie plantings.

Because of its extravagant beauty and hardy growth, the New England Aster is one of the most well known native wildflowers; it makes an excellent addition to prairie restoration plantings, either in wetland or in drier areas. This variation produces flowers in a range of pink colors that light up late fall growth in prairies, roadsides, and ditches. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

The elegant, tall stalks and drooping flowers of poke milkweed can be found in woodland areas across the eastern portion of the United States and Canada. In 1753, eminent botanist Carl Linnaeus gave this native wildflower its Latin genus name, "Asclepias." Asclepias, the name of the legendary Greek representation of medicine and healing, is especially appropriate since this plant formerly had numerous medicinal uses. At one time, the silk from the seed pods was spun for fabric or used for stuffing pillows; in World War II, school children gathered the silk to provide a cheap filling for soldiers' life jackets. Commercial attempts to make use of this abundant plant included the manufacture of paper, fabric, lubricant, fuel, and rubber; eventually these became impractical and were abandoned. In the wild, the flowers attract flocks of butterflies and their larvae; butterflies are immune to the plant's poison, and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

This striking native wildflower is often cultivated for its amazing ability to attract butterflies and bees. Though the meaning of the Latin genus name Liatris is a mystery, the species name pycnostachya means "crowded" and refers to the close grouping of the leaves and flowers. The first record of this species can be found in the botanical notes of Andre Michaux, a French botanist who explored the American West about a decade before the famous Lewis and Clark expedition.

This variation of traditional bergamot has a lovely hot pink tint that makes it a definite favorite among gardeners. Besides being a popular choice for making herbal tea, this plant once had a place in many homes as a sweet scented potpourri. The genus name Monarda honors Spanish botanist Nicolas Bautista Monardes, who studied herbal and medicinal plants from North America during the 16th century.

All the members of the Echinacea genus are native to North America, though they are becoming more rare in the wild. The genus name Echinacea comes from the Greek word for "hedgehog," referring to the spiny seed head of the flower. Historically, this family of plants has been extensively used by Native American tribes and early settlers because of its beneficial medicinal properties. Echinacea acts as a natural antibiotic, and improves the function of the immune system; it became very popular in the medical field in the early twentieth century, particularly after the extensive researches of the German Dr. Gerhard Madaus. Echinacea is still widely used as an herbal remedy, as well as being a common and well-loved addition to perennial gardens and prairie plantings.

Giant Hyssop grows wild across the central prairie regions of the United States and Canada. Native Americans used the rough, serrated leaves in poultices to relieve poison ivy rash, as well as brewing them for tea. A popular choice for planting in perennial gardens, it attracts bees and butterflies as well as small birds. As a cut flower, it performs very well; in Holland, research and development is under way to produce a hybrid of this variety especially suited for the cut flower industry. Giant hyssop can usually be found growing wild in meadows, along fences, or in deciduous woods and brush.

Purple milkweed can be found in woodland areas and prairies, or near streams or marshy areas. At one time, the silk from this plant's seed pods was spun for fabric or used for stuffing pillows; in World War II, school children gathered the silk to provide a cheap filling for soldiers' life jackets. Commercial attempts to make use of this abundant plant included the manufacture of paper, fabric, lubricant, fuel, and rubber; eventually these became impractical and were abandoned. Though this plant is toxic to most animals, butterflies are immune to the plant's poison and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

Because of its early use as a remedy for beestings, this native plant has been called "bee balm." Another common name, Oswego Tea, comes from the Oswego Indians' use of the leaves for brewing tea.The genus name Monarda honors Spanish botanist Nicolas Bautista Monardes, who studied herbal and medicinal plants from North America during the 16th century. The species name "didyma" comes from Latin words meaning "in pairs," referring to the stamens of the flowers.

Red milkweed can be found in bogs or marshy areas, or in moist woodland soil. At one time, the silk from this plant's seed pods was spun for fabric or used for stuffing pillows; in World War II, school children gathered the silk to provide a cheap filling for soldiers' life jackets. Commercial attempts to make use of this abundant plant included the manufacture of paper, fabric, lubricant, fuel, and rubber; eventually these became impractical and were abandoned. Though this plant is toxic to most animals, butterflies are immune to the plant's poison and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

Native to Southern Europe, yarrow has been a traditional part of herb gardens for hundreds of years because of its fragrant foliage, medicinal uses, and cheerful, long lasting flowers. Yarrow can often be found in growing in dry fields, along roads, or on rocky hillsides. It can be somewhat invasive if it has the opportunity. Linnaeus named it for Greek general Achilles, who according to legend received yarrow as a gift from the gods - the general's soldiers used yarrow to stanch the flow of their blood in the battlefields of the Trojan War. In the early days of the American prairies, Native American tribes such as the Pawnee, Cherokee, and Chippewa used common yarrow to relieve pain and headaches, reduce fever, and induce sleep. Cosmetic preparations sometimes include yarrow because of its cleansing, refreshing effect. When taken internally as a tea, yarrow purifies the system and has anti-inflammatory benefits. Cosmetic preparations sometimes include yarrow because of its cleansing, refreshing effect. Medicinal use of yarrow is not recommended for expectant mothers.

This notably adaptable species can be found growing wild in areas as diverse as sandy soil, open woods, bogs, or along roadsides. It grows most commonly throughout the southeastern region of the United States, though it can also be found along the shores of the Great Lakes; in some states, its increasing rarity has placed it on the threatened list. This species is a host plant for the Pearl Crescent butterfly. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

This striking native wildflower is often cultivated for its amazing ability to attract butterflies and bees. Though the meaning of the Latin genus name Liatris is a mystery, the species name squarrosa means "curved tips" and refers to the ends of the spiked flower heads. This species is one of the many studied by the German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow, who laid the foundations for the scientific study of plant distribution.

A versatile plant, native sage has had medicinal, ornamental, and culinary uses for generations. The first botanical classification of this family of plants can be found in 19th century British botanist George Bentham's influential work Genera Plantarum. The genus name "Salvia" comes from the Latin "salvere" meaning "to heal," referring to the plant's medicinal benefits. The species name "coccinea" means "scarlet," in reference to the brilliant flowers.

This New England native has become threatened or endangered in some states, though it can still be found occasionally in coastal, sandy areas or open pine woods. Its bright, unusually large blooms and adaptability to almost any soil make it an excellent choice for home gardens or prairie plantings. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

Legend has it that the name of this flower comes from popular poem "Black-Eyed Susan" by 19th century poet John Gay. In the poem, pretty Susan loved a sailor boy named William. Interestingly, this flower and Wild Sweet William always bloom at the same time. The genus name "Rudbeckia" honors a family of renowned scientists and professors, the Rudbecks of Sweden, who taught Carl Linnaeus at the University of Uppsula. The species name "amplexicaulis" means "stem-clasping," in reference to the growth of the leaves.

Contrary to popular belief, this plant does not cause summer hay fever but simply happens to bloom at the same time as ragweed. Native Americans and early settlers often used this plant for healing purposes, as well as creating a strong yellow dye from its blossoms. Because of its common availability, inventor Thomas Edison harvested the natural rubber in the leaves of the plant to create an acceptable substitute for synthetic rubber. The genus name "Solidago" comes from the Latin words for "to make whole," referring to the plant's medicinal properties.

Sky Blue Aster adapts well to almost any area, from swamps to woodlands or prairies. This species formerly had the rather intimidating Latin name "Symphyotrichum oolentangiense," indicating the Ohio's Olentangy River where botanist John Leonard Riddell discovered it in 1835. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

Yellow Wild Indigo grows in sandy, dry areas or open woods; its deep tap root gives it protection from the drought and prairie fires of its native ground. In the autumn, its stem gives way and allows the dry bush to tumble in the wind. Native Americans and early settlers once used various species of this plant family to make a yellow dye. One of its common names, Horseflyweed, comes from its historical use as a fly repellent on the harnesses of workhorses. As a member of the nitrogen-fixing legume family, indigo makes an excellent choice for soil that needs replenishment of its nutrients.

Unlike many varieties of aster, Smooth Blue Asters produce perfectly smooth foliage and stems. It adapts to a wide variety of environments, though it can usually be found growing in open woodland, along roadsides, or in prairies. Its bright flowers attract bees, as well as being a valuable host plant to Pearl Crescents and other butterflies. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

This variation of traditional bergamot has a distinctive oregano-like scent that makes it a definite favorite among gardeners and herbalists. Besides being a popular choice for making herbal tea, this plant once had a place in many homes as a sweet scented potpourri. The genus name Monarda honors Spanish botanist Nicolas Bautista Monardes, who studied herbal and medicinal plants from North America during the 16th century. The species name "punctata" means "dotted," referring to the small purple spots on the blossoms.

Contrary to popular belief, this plant does not cause summer hay fever but simply happens to bloom at the same time as ragweed. Native Americans and early settlers often used this plant for healing purposes, as well as creating a strong yellow dye from its blossoms. Because of its common availability, inventor Thomas Edison harvested the natural rubber in the leaves of the plant to create an acceptable substitute for synthetic rubber. The genus name "Solidago" comes from the Latin words for "to make whole," referring to the plant's medicinal properties.

Since it tolerates flooding and coastal exposure, this hardy plant is valued for its versatility as a ground cover or grazing plant. It originally grew wild on the slopes of the Mediterranean, as well as parts of central Europe and Asia. The genus name "Trifolium" refers to the distinctive three leaflets of the foliage. The species name "fragiferum" means "strawberry bearing," since the mature flower heads resemble strawberries.

Swamp Asters can be found from the north of Canada to the Gulf Coast of Texas, having one of the largest growing areas of any aster. It most often grows in wetland or marshy ground. Originally from the Greek language, "aster" means "star." At one time, asters were called starworts, frost flowers, or Michaelmas daisies; in spite of their daisy-like petals, asters are actually diminutive members of the sunflower family. In the language of flowers, these starry blossoms symbolize elegance or daintiness. They make a traditional gift for birthdays in the month of September, or for 20th wedding anniversaries.

As the name indicates, this milkweed thrives in swamps and low meadows or along streams. The bright pink flowers attract swarms of bees and butterflies, and have a sweet scent described as similar to vanilla or cinnamon. At one time, the silk from this plant's seed pods was spun for fabric or used for stuffing pillows; in World War II, school children gathered the silk to provide a cheap filling for soldiers' life jackets. Commercial attempts to make use of this abundant plant included the manufacture of paper, fabric, lubricant, fuel, and rubber; eventually these became impractical and were abandoned. Though this plant is toxic to most animals, butterflies are immune to the plant's poison and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

According to legend, an 18th century healer named Joe Pye often used this plant for curing fevers and other sickness. Early settlers used this plant in the treatment of typhus, while Native Americans used it to cause the body to sweat. The genus name "Eupatorium" comes from a connection to an ancient Greek king named Eupator, who was rumored to have found an herbal antidote to poison that included this species. Though it has become increasingly rare in the wild, it can still be found occasionally in moist areas such as swamps and riverbanks.

In spite of the name, Boneset has no connection to broken bones. Early settlers used this plant in the treatment of dengue or "break-bone" fever, which is carried by mosquitoes and causes muscular pain so horrific it feels like bones are breaking. Though its medicinal effectiveness has been debated in recent years, it was once used as a cure-all for the common cold, coughs, and various other complaints. During colonial times, boneset was one of the most well-known healing plants in America.

Though not as well known as other varieties of milkweed, Tall Green Milkweed distinguishes itself with abundant clusters of green-white flowers that attract many butterflies and bees. This species has been classified as threatened in some states, since its natural habitat is decreasing. It can still be found occasionally growing in dry prairies, rocky areas, sandy wetlands, or along roadsides. At one time, the silk from this plant's seed pods was spun for fabric or used for stuffing pillows; in World War II, school children gathered the silk to provide a cheap filling for soldiers' life jackets. Commercial attempts to make use of this abundant plant included the manufacture of paper, fabric, lubricant, fuel, and rubber; eventually these became impractical and were abandoned. Though this plant is toxic to most animals, butterflies are immune to the plant's poison and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

This lovely vine is one of several wild American varieties of clematis, though around four hundred native species grow worldwide. In its natural habitat, it can usually be found trailing over tree branches and shrubs in moist woodland or along riverbanks. The common name refers to the natural arbors of pure white blossoms that the vines sometimes form in the wild. The genus name Clematis comes from the Ancient Greek, meaning "a climbing plant."

The unusual name comes from the Native American Dakota tribe, meaning "fragrant leaves." Legend has it that this plant had an important role in the native sun dance. This variation of traditional bergamot has a clean, true lemon scent that makes it a definite favorite among gardeners and herbalists. Besides being a popular choice for making herbal tea, this plant once had a place in many homes as a sweet scented potpourri. The genus name Monarda honors Spanish botanist Nicolas Bautista Monardes, who studied herbal and medicinal plants from North America during the 16th century.

Western Yarrow is one of the most common wildflowers in the western and prairie regions of the United States, as well as growing throughout Canada. Its feathery foliage is a major source of food for bighorn sheep, pronghorn antelope, deer, and wild fowl. In the early days of the American prairies, Native American tribes such as the Pawnee, Cherokee, and Chippewa used common yarrow to relieve pain and headaches, reduce fever, and induce sleep. Cosmetic preparations sometimes include yarrow because of its cleansing, refreshing effect.

At one time, traditional healers would use this plant as a remedy for spider bites; they believed that the plant's slight resemblance to a cowering spider would make it effective for this purpose. A "wort" was a general term for any type of plant used for medicinal purposes. The common name also comes from the plant stems' unusual secretion of mucus, which has a spiderweb-like stickiness. The genus name "Tradescantia" honors John Tradescant, a 17th century royal gardener for the court of King Charles I.

White Prairie Clover produces protein-rich seed that is a source of food for many birds as well as deer, antelope, livestock, and small animals of all kinds. Native Americans also valued this versatile plant, often brewing the leaves for tea or eating the roots as a delicacy. The Pawnees dried the stems and tied them together for brooms, leading to the nickname "broom weed." The genus name Dalea honors Samuel Dale (1659-1739), an English botanist, physician, and historian. The species name "candida" denotes purity and whiteness. Andre Michaux, a French botanist, named this plant from specimens gathered on a westward expedition commissioned by Thomas Jefferson.

Because of its aster-like flowers, this plant has historically been classified in the Asteracaea family. In 1981, however, the research of botanists Brouillet and Semple revealed that it actually belongs to the goldenrod family; as a result, this flower also has the Latin name Solidago ptarmicoides. This fact explains its characteristically goldenrod-like foliage and readiness to hybridize with that family. Regardless of its confusing family history, this plant distinguishes itself by its mounds of white flowers in even the driest, poorest soil and hottest sun.

White Wild Indigo grows in sandy, dry areas or open woods; its deep tap root gives it protection from the drought and prairie fires of its native ground. Native Americans and early settlers once used various species of this plant family to make a blue dye, since the superior true indigo dye was expensive and not easily obtained. As a member of the nitrogen-fixing legume family, indigo makes an excellent choice for soil that needs replenishment of its nutrients. Because of its attractive foliage and vase-like shape, this plant also adds a refined native touch to landscaping. The genus name "baptisia" comes from a Greek word meaning "to dye."

Native to Southern Europe, yarrow has been a traditional part of herb gardens for hundreds of years because of its fragrant foliage and cheerful, long lasting flowers. Yarrow can often be found in fields, along roads, or on rocky hillsides. Linnaeus named it for Greek general Achilles, who according to legend received yarrow as a gift from the gods; the general's soldiers used yarrow to stanch the flow of their blood in the battlefields of the Trojan War. In the early days of the American prairies, Native American tribes such as the Pawnee, Cherokee, and Chippewa used common yarrow to relieve pain and headaches, reduce fever, and induce sleep. Cosmetic preparations sometimes include yarrow because of its cleansing, refreshing effect.

Whorled Milkweed has established itself across most of the United States as one of the most common varieties of milkweed. Its foliage is valuable to butterfly larvae, especially monarchs, since it blooms late in the season. Dry fields, rocky slopes, meadows, and prairies all provide a good home for this delicate looking but hardy plant. Its Latin name, "verticillata," means "whorled" and comes from the arrangement of its grass-like leaves around its stem. In 1753, eminent botanist Carl Linnaeus gave this plant its Latin genus name, "Asclepias." Asclepias, the name of the legendary Greek representation of medicine and healing, is especially appropriate since this plant formerly had various medicinal uses. In spite of its highly toxic nature, Whorled Milkweed attracts flocks of butterflies; butterflies are immune to the plant's poison, and actually become rather poisonous themselves as protection from predators.

Besides being a popular choice for making herbal tea, this plant once had a place in many homes as a sweet scented potpourri. The essential oils in its leaves also made it an excellent flavoring for both foods and beverages. Because of its many uses and its stunning blossoms, the Herb Society of America gave this plant the 2013 Notable Native Herb award. The genus name Monarda honors Spanish botanist Nicolas Bautista Monardes, who studied herbal and medicinal plants from North America during the 16th century. The species name "fistulas" comes from a Latin word meaning "tubular," referring to the shape of each flower's many spikes.

The name "columbine" is derived from the Latin "columba," or dove, since an upside down columbine bloom looks like a circle of doves around a fountain. The Latin genus name "Aquilegia" means "eagle," a reference to the spikes on the back of the flower that resemble an eagle's talons. These unique hollow spurs on the blossoms contain an abundance of nectar, though only hummingbirds and other long-tongued feeders such as the hawk moth can reach it. Ruby-throated hummingbirds especially love this plant. Its natural habitats are woodland areas, rocky slopes, or along streams. A native wildflower, columbine has thrived in both America and Europe since the 1600s; in medieval times, these flowers symbolized foolishness because of their resemblance to a court jester's slippers. Native Americans used this plant medicinally to treat various complaints such as poison ivy rash, heart trouble, or fever; they also crushed the seeds to obtain a pleasing perfume.

Also known as "Green-headed Coneflower," this species is distinctive because of the attractive green centers and delicately spaced petals. The genus name "Rudbeckia" honors a family of renowned scientists and professors, the Rudbecks of Sweden, who taught Carl Linnaeus at the University of Uppsula. The species name "amplexicaulis" means "stem-clasping," in reference to the growth of the leaves.

This variety of mint grows wild in many temperate countries around the world, and is sometimes considered a weed because of its profuse growth. It has numerous culinary and medicinal uses, since its leaves contain a valuable essential oil. Mint received its name from the Greek legend of "Minthe," a river nymph who was turned into a lowly plant to be trodden underfoot; the stimulating, sweet smell perpetuated her memory.

This prairie native is a tough specimen, often establishing itself in rocky and dry locations. The genus name "Ruella" honors Jean Ruel, a renowned French physician and botanist who taught at the University of Paris. Ruel dedicated much of his life to researching and writing a three volume work detailing the native plants of France. The species name "humilis" means "low-lying," referring to this plant's low growth.

During World War I, this plant provided an alternate source for the quinine necessary to cure malaria and other diseases. It also has a long history as a medicinal remedy for Native American tribes and early settlers, who used it to treat fever, burns, and dysentery. The genus name "Parthenium" comes from the Greek word for "virgin," referring to the sterile part of the flower. The species name "integrifolium" refers to the toothed edges of the leaves.

Giant Hyssop grows wild across the central prairie regions of the United States and Canada. Native Americans used the rough, serrated leaves in poultices to relieve poison ivy rash, as well as brewing them for tea. A popular choice for planting in perennial gardens, it attracts bees and butterflies as well as small birds. As a cut flower, it performs very well; in Holland, research and development is under way to produce a hybrid of this variety especially suited for the cut flower industry. Giant hyssop can usually be found growing wild in meadows, along fences, or in deciduous woods and brush.

The first botanical description of this plant can be found in Flora Virginica, a landmark publication of 18th century Dutch botanist Jan Frederik Gronovius. Gronovius financially supported the work of Carl Linnaeus, who also included this species in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.

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