Causes

Viruses, bacteria, or other germs most often cause pneumonia. Cold or flu viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children. Rarely, pneumonia can be caused by food, liquid, or other items that are inhaled.

The infection or inhaled substance causes irritation and swelling in the deeper areas of the lungs. Pus or other fluids can also build up in the area. The swelling and fluid make it difficult for oxygen to pass from the lungs to the blood.

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your child’s symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The exam will evaluate your child’s breathing and lung sounds. Diagnosis will often be based on these findings.

The amount of oxygen may be measured with a small clip on your child’s finger (pulse oximetry). This will show how much the pneumonia is affecting the transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the blood.

Other tests may be done to find the specific germ causing the pneumonia. Tests may include:

Blood tests

Sputum culture

Urine tests

Imaging tests may also be done to see what areas of the lungs are affected. Tests may include:

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.