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GOOD ROADS IN RURAL AREAS
(important to Construct Earth Roada
; That They May be Ke;>t In a Rea
aonably Good Condition.
(By PROF. THOMAS SHAW.)
In its bearing on rural life the good
rroads question ' stands in the very
(foreground. The question of the high- j
fer and more expensive grades of roads
will not be discussed further in this
paper than to say that the men who]
are urging their construction in lead
ing centers are rendering their coun
try a most important service. But
the building of these cannot become
. general for a long time to come owing
to the expense of building them. In
Britain all the roads are good where
soever they may be found, but it took
-centuries to build them and they were
?built In a country where* labor is or j
(was proverbially cheap.
The bulk of the roads in rural places
[will consist of soi! only for a long j
stime to come, whatsoever may be the
(Cross Section Of Road, Showing
Lumps of Clay Placed on a Sand
: Subsoil and Covered With Sand.
(nature of the soil. The all-important
?question, therefore, is, to so construct
'and care for these roads that they
Imay be kept in a reasonably good con
dition, and at the least outlay that
twill effect this end.
It goes without saying that when
jconstructing a country road it ought
Ito be put in condition that will read
ily take away the water that falls.
^Without this no road can be kept in
ta proper state. It should be wide,
'enough to admit of the easy passing
of two lo^ds of hay on racks, and it
(Should not be of unnecessary width or
?height in the center. When laying
jut this rend it is usually plowed to
ie desired width. What that width
lay be should vary somewhat In
Jthe Judgment of the writer it does not
ineed to have a width of more than
40 feet In most instances the road
bed Is made ail too wide. Oftentimes
it is made 60 to 70 feet. Where Is
the necessity for a road being so
wide? When "his wide, it is much
more liable to rut, since the water is"
much more liat !e to lodge in any de
pressions that may occur as the result
of traffic.
"The road ls rouhded up nowadays
by the use of the road grader. The
saving of labor in this method of road
"building as compared with the scra
per is very frreat The roadbed should
be so shaped that the highest point
Should be along the line of the cen
ter, and tho slope should be gradual,
till the sides of the ditches may be
approached, when it may then be
much more abrupt. The ditches
.should be deep enough to carry away
the water readily. It is not necessary
"that they shall be any deeper.
When laying out a country road, at
tention should be given to the
straightness of the lines made by the
plowman. If he makes furrows ab
solutely straight on outer sides of
the roadbed it will remain straight
for all time. The roadbed will in it
self have an attractiveness that is
?pleasing if for no other reason than
that lt is absolutely straight The
necessity for very deep ditches on the
aides is not apparent, and there is no
necessity for having the crown of the
road unduly high.
When the soil roadbed is thus made,
the next important matter ls to so
manage it that it will give the great
Cross Section of Road, Showing Dis
placement of Lumps of Clay When
Subjected to Travel.
est amount of efficiency with the least
?mount of labor. This can be best
accomplished by the use of the split
log. This should be run over the road
If possible after every heavy and pro
longed rain, and at a stage in the dry
ing of the soil when it will crumble
because of the presence of the drag
passing over it
Split-Log Drag ls Useful.
A split-log drag or some similar do
rice ls very useful in maintaining
the surface after suitable ditches and
cross section have once been secured.
This drag can also be used to advan
tage on a gravel road as well as on
an earth road. The principle Involved
in dragging is that clays and most
heavy soils will puddle when wet and
set very hard when dry.
Three Good Road Rules.
Macadam, one of the most lfamous
road builders, laid down three rules
(or making a good road: (1) Good
Drainage, (2) Better Drainage, (3)
Still Better Drainage; or in other
words, "A good road has a tight roof
and a dry cellar."
Of Value to Country.
Good roads may not be the whole
solution for prosperity and happiness
of country life, but they are a part of
lt, and a very necessary and important
?art of it
Cracow's Jewish Quarter.
Cracow possesses the most pictur
esque ghetto in existence. So early
as the fourteenth century a large
part of its population consisted of
Jews driven from Germany owing to
the persecutions inflicted on them.
Certain quarters of the city were as
signed to the refugees; but, being
pushed from these in course of time
by the growth of Christian population,
they chose the suburb of Kazimiers
for their habitation, and founded an
almost purely Jewish community.
There they still have their old syna
gogues (one of which dates back 500
years), and their own hospitals and
schools. They dress in the same way
as their forefathers, and speak among
themselves a bewildering mixture of
Hebrew, German and Polish.
Children's Plays Changing.
Watching the youngsters in the
parks during holiday time, I have been
struck by the change that has taken
place in children's games. I hope I
am not unduly pessimistic, but lt does
not seem a change for the better.
Boys play cricket, girls seem to have
no recognized games at all, and the
Impression given the onlooker ls one
of aimlessness and monotony. Why is
it that our boys no longer play "over
buckle," "prisoners' base," "weak
horse," "widdy-widdy-wajr" and other
like strenuous games which some of
us enjoyed immensely no more than
a decade ago? And why have the
girls forgotten "tag" and "ee" and
"ring-a-ring-a-roses"?-London Chron
icle.
Most Famous Spot in France.
The guide books tell us that the
Place de la Concorde is the most ex
tensive and strikingly handsome
"place" In Paris. This is entirely
true, but it is only another way of
saying that it is the most beautiful
and impressive open square pos
sessed by any city in the world. And
this is not all. Within its bounds
more great events have taken place,
more history has been written in
blood than within any other similar
compass. Here, January 21, 1793,
the head of Louis XVI fell under the
knife of the guillotine, the beginning
of that long procession that ended
only when the revolution had finished
"eating its own children."
Little 8ermon for All Time.
This is from Charles Dudley War
ner's "My Summer in a Garden:" "The
love of dirt is among the earliest of
passions, as it is the latest Mud
pies gratify one of our first and best
instincts. . . . Fondness for the
ground comes back to a man after he
has run the round of pleasure and
business, eaten dirt, and so'vn wild
oats, drifted about the world and taken
the wind in all its moods. The love
of digging is sure to eome back to
him. : . . To own a bit of ground,
to scratch it with a. hoe, to plant seeds
and watch their renewal of life-this
ls the commonest delight of the race,
the most satisfactory thing a man
can do."
Historic Parisian Square.
Before the Revolution the Place de
la Concorde in Paris was but a piece
of waste ground. It was often used
for public festivals and demonstra
tions, and in this manner its baptism
of blood was begun as early as 1770.
In May of that year an exhibition of
fireworks was being given to cele
brate the nuptials of the .Dauphin and
Marie Antoinette (note the irony of
fate: 23 years later, as the deposed
king and queen of France, both were
beheaded upon this very spot!) when a
panic was occasioned by an accidental
discharge of rockets and more than
twelve hundred persons were cm shed
to death.
The Reading of Books.
Of one thing I feel quite certain,
that the reading of good literaturo ia
necessary to the growth of the mind
and the strengthening of character,
especially in young people, and that
there is no resource for all periods of
life so helpful, so satisfying, and so
enduring as a love of good books.
Channing well says: "God be thanked
for books/ They are the voices of the
distant and the dead, and make us
heirs of the spiritual life of past ages.
Books are the true levelers. They
give to all who will faithfully use them
the society, the spiritual presence, of
the best and greatest of our race."
George P. Brett, in the Atlantic.
Black First Worn for Mourning, 1498.
Anne, queen of Charles Vm of
France, was the originator of black
as u token of mourning, wearing it
upon the death or her husband in 1498.
I Contrary to that, the accepted mourn
ing of Europe was white. Black, how.
ever, gained great popularity, and was
quickly adopted; so marked was any
devlatio' from the unwritten law that
Mary Queen of Scots was termed the
White Queen because she held by the
ancient ?ustom vhen mourning for
Lord Darnley.
Napoleon's Time of Happiness.
In the days of the First Co csu late,
life tripped merrily at Malmaison.
Those were the happiest days of Na
poleon and Josephine. Often, they
visited Malmaison, sometimes quietly,
sometimes surrounded by a brilliant
crowd, but always accompanied by
Hortense, the consul's beautiful step*
daughter, who was to tecome his sis
ter-in-law and the mother of the third
Napoleon.
Southern Railway
Premier Carrier of the South
Schedule effective April 18, 1915.
Trains arrive from
No. Time
208 Augusta, Trenton 8:20 am
230 Columbia, Trenton 10:55 a m
232 Charleston, Aiken 5:05 p m
206 Columbia, Tienton 8:35 p m
Trains depart to
No.. Time
209 Trenton, Columbia 7:20 a m
231 Trenton. Augusta 10:10 a m
229 Aiken, Charleston 11:20 p ra
290 Trenton, Augusta 7:40 pm
Schedules published only as in
formation and are not guarantied.
For further information apply
to
J. A. TOWNSEND,
Ticket Agent
Edgefield, S. C.
SCHEDULE CHANGES
SOUTHERN RAILWAY
Effective Sunday, April 18
Train No. 231 will leave Edge
field 10:10 A. M., leave Trenton
10:35 A. M., arrive Augusta 11:50
A. M.
Train No. 229 will leave Edge
field 11:20 A. M., arrive at Aiken
12:35 P. M.
Train 207 will leave Edgefield
7:20 P. M., arrive Augusta 9:25
P. M.
Corresponding changes in sched
ules of trains at intermediate points.
For additional information com
municate with
J. A. TOWNSEND,
Ticket Agent.
Edgefield, S. C.
Land for Sale
Life is too short to go on
renting land, when you can
buy a small farm for almost
the rent money.
I have land in small lots
around Johnston, and near
Batesburg, Meeting Street,
Celestia, Rocky Creek or
Fruit Hill, Ropers and near
Edgefield, and lots ario*
stores in the town of Edge
field.
TERMS EASY
ArthurS. Tompkins
Edgefield, S. C.
Notice of Final Dis
charge.
To All Whom These Presents May
Concern:
Whereas, Thos. H. Rainsford has
made application unto this Court
for Final Discharge as Admistrator
in re the Estate of Mrs. Bessie T.
Rainsford, deceased, and as Guar
dian of John Rainsford, Benjamin
T. Rainsford and Floyd F. Rains
ford, on this the 21st day of April
1915.
These Are Therefore, to cite any
and all kindred, creditors, or parties
interested, to show cause before me
at my office at Edgefield Court
House, South Carolina, on the 22nd
day of May, 1915 at ll o'clock a.
m., why said order of Discharge
should not be granted.
W. T. KINNAIRD,
J. P. E. C., S. C.
April 21,1915.
Light Saw, Lathe and Shin
gle Mills, Engines, Boilers,
Supplies and repairs, Porta
ble, Steam and Gasoline En
gines, Saw Teeth, Files, Belts
and Pipes. WOOD SAWS
and SPLITTERS
Gi ns and Press Repairs.
Try LOMBARD,
AUGUSTA, QA
MANY TROUBLES
DUE TO AN
INACTIVE LIVER
Many of the troubles of life such
as headache, indigestion, constipa
tion and lack of energy are due to
inactive livers.
GRIGSBVS LIV-VER-LAX is
a natural, vegetable remedy that
will get the liver right and make
these troubles disappear. It has
none of the dangers or disagreeable
effects of calomel.
Get a 50c or $1 bottle of this
splendid remedy from your drug
gist today. Every bottle bears the
likeness of L. K. Grigsby, who
guarantees it through.
Make the Old Suits
Look New
We are better prepared
than ever to do first-class
work in cleaning and press
ing of all kinds. Make your
old pants or suit new by let
ing ns clean and press them.
Ladies skirts and suits al
so deaned and pressed. Sat
isfaction guaranteed.
Edgefteid Pressing Club
WALLACE HARRIS, PROP.
SHEPPARD BUILDING
FIRE
INSURANCE
Go to see
Harting
&
Byrd
Before insuring elsewhere. We
represent the best old line com
panies
Harting & Byrd
At the Farmers Bank, Edgefield
A New
The Standard VUihl
Yes, the crowni
It iS jUSt OUt-?
For makers have striven a li
again, as we scored when wi
There is truly no othe
touch so light that the treac
CAUTION! i
had the Optional Duplex Shift,
gers of the right and left hands,
of any standard typewriter. Thi
ber "9"?with more speed and grei
WARNING!
discovery. For while the Olivei
pense to ns by simplifying constn
spend a dollar for any typewriter,
more this one does. If yon are n
17 Cents a Day! i
matic spacer, 6 1-2-onnce touch-plui
new-day features.
Yet we have decided to sell it
every user can easily afford to have
like print, included FREE if desired.
TO-DAY-Write
ists, employers, and individuals ever;
It's a pleasure for us to tell you aboi
The Oliver T
1ST You can rent the Oliver Typewr
Bus Line
--TO
Greenwood
Car leaves every morning from Oregon
Hotel, Greenwood, S. C., at 10:30 A. M.
and arrives at Edgefield at 1:30 P. M.;
leave Edgefield at 3:30 P. M. and arrive
at Geenwood at 6:00 P. M.
Car leaves Penn & Holstein's Store, at
Edgefield, at 10:30 A. M. Arrives at
Greenwood at 1:30 P. M. Leaves Green
wood at 3:30 P. M. and arriver at Edge
field at 6:00 P. M.
Passengers will be taken on at Gaines,
Kirksey, Ouzts Co. and G. T. Ouzts' Store,
Pleasant Lane, G. M. & P. A. Timmerman
and S. T. Williams.
Fare for Bound Trip to Greenwood
$5.00-One Way $3.00.
GREENWOOP-EDGEFIELD
Bus Line
G. T. OUZTS, Prop.
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This brilliant new Oliver comes at the old-time price. It costs no
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