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Summary

This best-selling text in the field provides a broad, fluent introduction to statistics for students in the social sciences especially those with a limited background in mathematics. Focusing on the hows and whys of statistics, Levin and Fox integrate theory and practice with detailed step-by-step illustrations of statistical procedures. Clear explanations of statistical concepts are also provided. A review of basic mathematics, statistical tables, a list of formulas, and a glossary of terms are located in the appendixes at the end of the book.

Author Biography

Jack Levin is The Brudnick Professor of Sociology at Northeastern University, where he directs its Brudnick Center on Violence and Conflict. A prolific author, he appears frequently on national television, has given numerous keynote addresses to college, professional, and community audiences (including the White House), and has served as an expert witness or consultant in various trials. In 1992, the Council for Advancement and Support of Education named him Professor of the Year in Massachusetts. James Alan Fox is The Lipman Family Professor of Criminal Justice at Northeastern University. A nationally recognized authority on homicide, he often gives expert testimony and has spoken before the U.S. Congress and at the White House on many occasions. Dubbed the "Dean of Death" in a USA Today cover story, Fox also appears regularly on national television and is frequently quoted by the press. He has published numerous books, articles, and newspaper columns on a variety of topics related to crime and justice.

Table of Contents

Preface

xiii

Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics

1

(22)

The Nature of Social Research

1

(5)

Why Test Hypotheses?

6

(1)

The Stages of Social Research

7

(1)

Using Series of Numbers to Do Social Research

8

(4)

Functions of Statistics

12

(6)

Summary

18

(1)

Terms to Remember

18

(1)

Problems

18

(5)

Looking at the Larger Picture A Student Survey

20

(3)

PART ONE Description

23

(100)

Organizing the Data

25

(48)

Frequency Distributions of Nominal Data

25

(1)

Comparing Distributions

26

(1)

Proportions and Percentages

27

(1)

Ratios and Rates

28

(3)

Simple Frequency Distributions of Ordinal and Interval Data

31

(1)

Grouped Frequency Distributions of Interval Data

32

(4)

Cumulative Distributions

36

(2)

Percentile Ranks

38

(6)

Dealing with Decimal Data

44

(1)

Flexible Class Intervals

45

(2)

Cross-Tabulations

47

(7)

Graphic Presentations

54

(11)

Summary

65

(1)

Terms to Remember

66

(1)

Problems

66

(7)

Measures of Central Tendency

73

(23)

The Mode

73

(1)

The Median

74

(1)

The Mean

75

(3)

Taking One Step at a Time

78

(2)

Comparing the Mode, Median, and Mean

80

(3)

Obtaining the Mode, Median, and Mean from a Simple Frequency Distribution

83

(3)

Obtaining the Mode, Median, and Mean from a Grouped Frequency Distribution

86

(3)

Summary

89

(1)

Terms to Remember

90

(1)

Step-by-Step Study Guide: Mode, Median, and Mean for Raw Scores

90

(1)

Problems

91

(5)

Measures of Variability

96

(27)

The Range

97

(1)

The Mean Deviation

98

(2)

The Variance and Standard Deviation

100

(4)

The Raw-Score Formula for Variance and Standard Deviation

104

(2)

The Meaning of the Standard Deviation

106

(3)

Comparing Measures of Variability

109

(1)

Obtaining the Variance and Standard Deviation from a Simple Frequency Distribution

110

(3)

Obtaining the Variance and Standard Deviation from a Grouped Frequency Distribution