The Preamble of Constitution of Cambodia

Preamble

We, the people of Cambodia

Accustomed to having been an outstanding civilization, a prosperous,
large, flourishing and glorious nation, with high prestige radiating line a
diamond

Having declined grievously during the past two decades, having gone
through suffering and destruction, and having been weakened terribly,

Having awakened and resolutely rallied and determined to unite for the
consolidation of national unity, the preservation and defense of Cambodia's
territory and precious sovereignty and the fine Angkor civilization, and the
restoration of Cambodia into an " Island of Peace" based on multi-party liberal
democratic responsibility for the nation's future destiny of moving toward
perpetual progress, development, prosperity, and glory,

WITH THIS RESOLUTE WILL

We inscribe the following as the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia:

Sovereignty

Cambodia is a Kingdom with a King who shall rule according to the
Constitution and to the principles of liberal democracy and pluralism.

The Kingdom of Cambodia shall be an independent, sovereign, peaceful,
permanently neutral and non-aligned country

Article 2-

The territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Cambodia shall absolutely
not be violated within its borders as defined in the 1/100,000 scale map made
between the years 1933-1953 and internationally recognized between the years
1963-1969

Article 3-

The Kingdom of Cambodia is an indivisible State

Article 4-

The motto of the Kingdom of Cambodia is: " Nation, Religion, King ".

Article 5-

The official language and script are Khmer.

Article 6-

Phnom Penh is the capital of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

The national flag, anthem and coat-of arms shall be defined in Annexes 1,
II and III.

The King

The King of Cambodia shall be a symbol of unity and eternity of the
nation.

The King shall be the guarantor of the national independence,
sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the protector
of rights and freedom for all citizens and the guarantor of international
treaties

Article 9-

The King shall assume the august role of arbitrator to ensure the
faithful execution of public powers.

If the King cannot perform His normal duties as Head of State due to
His serious illness as certified by doctors chosen by the President of the
Assembly and the Prime Minister, the President of the Assembly shall perform
the duties of Head of State as "Regent".

Article 12-

In case of the death of the King, the president of the Assembly shall
take over the responsibility as Acting head of State in the capacity of Regent
of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

The Rights and Obligations Of Khmer Citizens

Article 31-

The Kingdom of Cambodia shall recognize and respect human rights
as stipulated in the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of human
Rights, the covenants and conventions related to human rights, women's and
children's rights.

Every Khmer citizen shall be equal before the law, enjoying the same
rights, freedom and fulfilling the same obligations regardless of race, colour,
sex, language, religious belief, political tendency, birth origin, social
status, wealth or other status.

The exercise of personal rights and freedom by any individual shall not
adversely affect the rights and freedom of others. The exercise of such rights
and freedom shall be in accordance with law.

Article 32-

Every Khmer citizen shall have the right to life, personal freedom and
security.

Article 33-

Khmer citizens shall not be deprived of their nationality, exiled or
arrested and deported go any foreign country unless there is a mutual
agreement on extradition.

Khmer citizens residing abroad enjoy the protection of the State.

Khmer nationality shall be determined by a law.

Article 34-

Khmer citizens of either sex shall enjoy the right to vote and to stand
as candidates for the election.

Citizens of either sex of at least eighteen years old, have the right to
vote.

Citizens of either sex of at least 25 years old, have the right to stand as
candidates for the election.

Provisions restricting the right to vote and to stand for the election
shall be defined in the electoral for the election.

Article 35-

Khmer citizens of either sex shall be given the right to participated
actively in the political , economic, social and cultural life of the nation.

Any suggestions from the people shall be given full consideration by the
organs of the State

Article 36-

Khmer citizens of either sex shall have the right to choose any
employment according to their ability and to the needs of the society.

Khmer citizen of either sex shall receive equal pay for equal work.

The work by housewives in the home shall have the same value as what
they can receive when working outside the home.

Every Khmer citizens shall have the right to obtain social security and
other social benefits as determined by law.

Khmer citizens of either sex shall have the right to form and to be
members of trade unions.

The organization and conduct of trade unions shall be determined by law.

Article 37-

The right to strike and to non-violent demonstration shall be
implemented in the framework of a law.

Article 38-

The law guarantees shall be no physical abuse against any
individual.

The law shall protect the life, honor and dignity of the citizens.

The prosecution, arrest, or detention of any person shall not be done
except in accordance with the law.

Coercion, physical ill- treatment or any other mistreatment that imposes
additional punishment on a detainee or prisoner shall be prohibited. Persons
who commit, participate or conspire in such acts shall be punished according
to the law.

Confession obtained by physical mental force shall not be admissible as
evidence of guilt.

Khmer citizens of either sex shall respect public and legally acquired
private properties.

Any case of doubt shall be resolved in favor of the accused.

The accused shall be considered innocent until the court has judged
finally on the case.

Every citizen shall enjoy the right to defense through judicial recourse.

Article 39-

Khmer citizens shall have the right to denounce, make complaints or
file claims against any breach of the law by the State and social organs or by
members of such organs committed during the course of their duties. The
settlement of complaints and claims shall reside under the competence of the
courts.

Article 40-

Citizens' freedom to travel, far and near, and legal settlement shall
be respected.

Khmer citizens shall have the right to travel and settle abroad and return
to the country.

The right to privacy of residence and to the secrecy of correspondence by
mail, telegram, fax, telex, and telephone shall be guaranteed.

Any search of the house, material and body shall be in accordance with
the law.

Article 41-

Khmer citizens shall have freedom of expression, press, publication
and assembly. No one shall exercise this right to infringe upon the rights of
others, to affect the good traditions of the society, to violate public law
and order and national security.

The regime of the media shall be determined by law.

Article 42-

Khmer citizens shall have the right to establish associations and
political parties. These rights shall be determined by law.

Khmer citizens may take part in mass organizations for mutual benefit to
protect national achievements and social order.

Article 43-

Khmer citizens of either sex shall have the right to freedom of belief.

Freedom of religious belief and worship shall be guaranteed by the State
on the condition that such freedom does not affect other religious beliefs or
violate public order and security.

Buddhism shall be t he State religion.

Article 44-

All persons, individually or collectively, shall have the right to
ownership. Only Khmer legal entities and citizens of Khmer nationality shall the
right to own land.

Legal private ownership shall be protected by the law.

The right to confiscate possessions from any person shall be exercised
only in the public interest as provided for under law and shall required fair
and just compensation in advance.

Article 45-

All forms of discrimination against woman shall be abolished.

The exploitation of women in employment shall be prohibited in
marriages and matters of the family.

Marriage shall be conducted according to conditions determined by law
based on the principle of mutual consent between one husband and one wife

Article 46-

The commerce of human beings, exploitation by prostitution and
obscenity which affect the reputation of women shall be prohibited.

A woman shall not lose her job because of pregnancy. Women shall have
the right to take maternity leave with full pay and with no loss of seniority or
other social benefits.

The State and society shall provide opportunities to women, especially to
those living in rural areas without adequate social support, so they can get
employment, , medical care, and send their children to school, and to have
decent living conditions

Article 47-

Parents shall have the right to take care of and educate their
children to become good citizens.

Children shall have the right to take good care of their elderly mother and
father according to Khmer traditions.

Article 48-

The State shall protect the rights of the children as stipulated in the
Convention on Children, particular, the right to life, education, protection
during wartime, and from economic or sexual exploitation.

The State shall protect children from acts that are injurious to their
education opportunities, health and welfare.

Article 49-

Every Khmer citizens shall respect the Constitution and laws.

All Khmer citizens shall have the duty to take part in the national
reconstruction and to defend the homeland. The duty to defend the country
shall be determined by law.

Article 50-

Khmer citizens of either sex shall respect the principles of national
sovereign, liberal multi-party democracy.

Khmer citizens of either sex shall respect public and legally acquired
private properties.

On Policy

The Kingdom of Cambodia adopts a policy of Liberal democracy and
Pluralism.

The Cambodian people are the masters of their country.

All powers belong to the people. the people exercise these powers
through the National Assembly, the Royal Government and the Judiciary.

The Legislative, Executive, and the Judicial powers shall be separated

Article 52-

The Royal Government of Cambodia shall protect the independence,
sovereignty, territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Cambodia, adopt the
policy of national reconciliation to insure national unity, and preserve the
good national traditions of the country. The Royal Government of Cambodia
shall preserve and protect the law and ensure public order and security. The
State shall give priority to endeavors which improve welfare and standard
of living of citizens.

Article 53-

The Kingdom of Cambodia adopts a policy of permanent neutrality
and non- alignment. The Kingdom of Cambodia follows a policy of peaceful co-
existence with its neighbors and with all other countries throughout the world.

The Kingdom of Cambodia shall not invade any country, nor interfere in
any other country's internal affairs, directly or indirectly, and shall
solve any problem peacefully with due respect for mutual interests.

The Kingdom of Cambodia shall not join in any military alliance or
military pact which is incompatible with its policy of neutrality.

The Kingdom of Cambodia shall not permit any foreign military base on
its territory and shall not have its own military base abroad, except within the
framework of a United Nations request.

The Kingdom of Cambodia reserves the right to receive foreign
assistance in military equipment, armaments, ammunition, in training of its
armed forces, and other assistance for self-defense and to maintain public
order and security within its territory.

Khmer citizens shall have the right to sell l their own products. The
obligation to sell products to the State, or the temporary use of State or
properties shall be prohibited unless authorized by law under special
circumstances.

Article 61-

The State shall promote economic development in all sectors and
remote areas, especially in agriculture, handicrafts industry, with
attention to policies of water, electricity, roads, and means of transport,
modern technology and a system of credit.

Article 62-

The State shall pay attention and help solve production matters,
protect the price of products for farmers and crafters, and find marketplace
for them to sell their products.

Article 63-

The State shall respect market management in order to guarantee a
better standard of living for the people

Education, Culture, Social Affairs

The State shall ban and severely punishes those who import,
manufacture, sell illicit drugs, counterfeit and expired goods which affect
health and life of the consumers.

Article 65-

The State shall protect and upgrade citizens' rights to quality
education at all levels and shall take necessary steps for quality education
to reach all citizens.

The State shall respect physical education and sports for the welfare of
all Khmer citizens

Article 66-

The State shall establish a comprehensive and standardized
education system throughout the country that shall guarantee the principles of
educational freedom and equality to ensure that all citizens have equal
opportunity to earn a living.

Article 67-

The State shall adopt and educational program according to the
principle of modern pedagogy including technology and foreign languages.

The State shall control public and private schools and classrooms at all
levels.

Article 68-

The State shall provide primary and secondary education to all
citizens in public schools

The State shall disseminate and develop the Pali schools and the
Buddhist Institutes

The perimeter of the national heritage sites as well as heritage that
has been classified as world heritage, shall be considered neutral zones where
there shall be no military activity.

Article 72-

The health of the people shall be guaranteed. The State shall give
full consideration to disease prevention and medical treatment. Poor citizens
shall receive free medical consultation in public hospitals, infirmaries and
maternities.

The State shall establish infirmaries in rural areas.

Article 73-

The State shall give full consideration to children and mothers. The
State shall establish nurseries, and help support women and children who have
inadequate support.

Article 74-

The State shall assist the disabled and the families of combatants
who sacrificed their lives for the nation.

Article 75-

The State shall establish a social security system for workers and
employees.

The Assembly

The deputies shall be elected by a free, universal , equal, direct and
secret ballot. The deputies may be re-elected

Khmer citizens able to stand for election shall be the Khmer citizens of
either sex who have the right to vote, at least 25 years of age, and who have
Khmer nationalities at birth

Preparation for the election, procedure and electoral process shall be
determined by an Electoral Law.

Article 77-

The deputies of the Assembly shall represent the entire Khmer
people, not only Khmers from their constituencies.

Any imperative mandate shall be nullified.

Article 78-

The legislative term of the Assembly shall be 5 years and terminates
on the day when the new assembly convenes.

The assembly shall not be dissolved before the end of its term except
when the Royal government is twice deposed within a period of twelve months.
In this case, following a proposal from the Prime Minister and the approval of t
he Assembly President, the King shall dissolve the Assembly.

The election of a new assembly shall be held no later than 60 days from
the date of dissolution. During this period, the Royal government shall only be
empowered to conduct routine business.

In times of war or other special circumstances an election cannot be
held, the Assembly may extend its term for one year at a time, upon the request
of the King.

Such an extension shall require at least a two- third vote of the entire
assembly.

Article 79-

The assembly mandate shall be incompatible with the holding of any
active public function and of any membership in other institutions provided for
in the constitution, except when the assembly member(s) is (are) required to
serve in the Royal Government.

In these circumstances, the said Assembly members shall retain the
usual assembly membership but shall not hold any position in the Permanent
Standing Committee and in other assembly commissions.

Article 80-

The deputies shall have parliamentary.

No assembly member shall be prosecuted, detained or arrested because
of opinions expressed during the exercise of his or her duties.

The decision made by the Standing Committee of the assembly shall be
made only with the permission of the assembly or by the Standing Committee of
the Assembly between sessions, except in case of flagrante delicto. In that
case, the competent authority shall immediately report to the assembly or to the
Standing Committee for decision.

The decision made by the Standing Committee of the assembly shall be
submitted to the assembly at its next session for approval by a 2/3
majority vote of the assembly members.

In any case, detention or prosecution of a deputy shall be suspended by a
3/4 majority vote of the Assembly members.

Article 81-

The assembly shall have the autonomous budget to conduct its
function.

The deputies shall receive a remuneration.

Article 82-

The assembly shall hold its first session no later than sixty days after
the election upon notice by the King.

Before taking office, the assembly shall decide on the validity of each
member's mandate and vote separately to choose a President, Vice- Presidents
and members of each Commission by a 2/3 majority vote

All assembly members must take the oath before taking office according
to the text contained in Annex 5.

Article 83-

The assembly shall hold its ordinary sessions twice a year.

Each session shall last at least 3 months. If there is a proposal from the
King or the Prime Minister, or at least 1/3 of the assembly members, the
Assembly Standing Committee shall call an extraordinary session of the
assembly.

In this case, the agenda with the conditions of the extraordinary, shall be
disseminated to the population as well as the date of the meeting.

Article 84-

Between the assembly sessions, the assembly Standing Committee
shall manage the work of the assembly.

The Permanent Standing Committee of the assembly consists of the
President of the Assembly, the Vice- Presidents ,and the presidents of assembly
commissions.

Article 85-

The assembly sessions shall be held in the royal capital of
Cambodia in the Assembly Hall, unless stipulated otherwise in the summons,
due to special circumstances.

Except where so stipulated and unless held at the place and date as
stipulated, any meeting of the assembly shall be considered as illegal and void.

If the country is in a state of emergency the assembly shall beet
every day continuously. The assembly has the right to terminate this state of
emergency whenever the situation permits.

If the Assembly is not able to meet because of circumstances such as the
occupation by foreign forces the declaration of the state of emergency must be
automatically extended.

During the state of emergency, the assembly shall not be dissolved.

Article 87-

The President of the assembly shall chair the assembly sessions,
receive draft bills and resolutions adopted by the assembly, ensure the
implementation of the Internal Rules of procedure and manage the assembly
relations with foreign countries.

If the President is unable to perform his/ her duties due to illness or to
fulfill the functions of Head of State ad interim or as a Regent, or is on
a mission aborad, a Vice- President shall replace him.

In case of resignation or death of the President or the Vice- President(s),
the Assembly shall elect a new President or Vice- President(s).

Article 88-

The assembly sessions shall be held in public.

The assembly shall meet in closed session at the request of the President
or of at least 1/10 of its members, of the King or of the Prime Minister.

The assembly meeting shall be considered as valid provided there is a
quorum of 7/10 of all members.

Article 89-

Upon the request by at least 1/10 of its members, the assembly shall
invite a high ranking official to clarify important special individual

Article 90-

The assembly shall be the only organ to hold legislative power, This
power shall not be transferable to any other organ or any individual.

The assembly shall approve Administrative Accounts.

The assembly shall approve the law on amnesty.

The assembly shall approve or annul treaties or international
conventions.

The assembly shall approve law on the declaration of war.

The adoption of the above-mentioned clauses shall be decided by a
simply majority of the entire assembly membership.

The assembly shall pass a vote of confidence in the Royal Government by
a 2/3 majority of all members

Article 91-

The deputies and the Prime Minister shall have the right to initiate
legislation.

The deputies shall have the right to propose any amendments to the laws,
but, the proposals shall be unacceptable if they aim at reducing public income
or increasing the burden on the people.

Article 92-

Laws adopted by the Assembly which run counter to the principles of
preserving national independence, sovereignty, administration of the nation
shall be annulled. The Constitutional Council is the only organ which shall
decide upon this annulment.

Article 93-

Any law approved by the Assembly and signed by the King for its
promulgation, shall go into effect in Phnom Penh 10 days after signing and
throughout the country 20 days after its signing.

Laws that are stipulated as urgent shall take effect immediately
throughout the country after promulgation.

All laws promulgated by the King shall be published in the Journal Official
and published throughout the country in accordance with the above schedule.

Article 94-

The Assembly shall establish various necessary commissions. The
organization and functioning of the assembly shall be determined by the
assembly Internal Rules of Procedure.

Article 95-

In case of death, resignation, or dismissal of an assembly deputy at
least 6 months before the end of the mandate, a replacement shall be
appointed in accordance with the Internal Rules of Procedure of the National
Assembly and the Electoral Law.

Article 96-

The deputies have the right to put a motion against the Royal
Government. The motion shall be submitted in writing through the President of t
he assembly.

The replies shall be given by one or several ministers depending on the
matters to the accountability of one or several ministers. If the case concerns
the overall policy of the Royal Government, the Prime Minister shall reply in
person.

The explanations by the ministers or by the Prime Minister shall be given
verbally or in witting.

The explanations shall be provided within 7 days after the day when the
question is received.

In case of verbal reply, the President of t he assembly shall decide
whether to hold an open debate or not. If there is no debate, the answer of the
minister or the Prime Minister shall be considered final. If there is a
debate, the questioner, other speakers, the ministers, or the Prime
Minister may exchange views within the time frame not exceeding one session.

The assembly shall establish one day each week for questions and
answers. There shall be no vote during any sessions reserved for this purpose.

Article 97-

The assembly commissions may invite any minister to clarify certain
issue under his/her field of responsibility.

Article 98-

The Assembly shall dismiss a member or members of the Royal
Government or the whole Cabinet by the adoption of a motion of censure by 2/3
majority of the entire Assembly.

The motion of censure shall be proposed to the Assembly by at least 30
assembly members in order for the entire Assembly to decide.

At the recommendation of the President and with the agreement of
both Vice- Presidents of the Assembly, the King shall designate a dignitary from
among the representatives of the winning party to form the Royal Government.
This designated Assembly or members of the political parties represented in the
from the Assembly.

After the Assembly has given its vote of confidence, the King shall issue a
Royal decree (Kret) appointing the entire Council of Ministers.

Before taking office, the Council of Ministers shall take an oath as
stipulated an Annex 6.

Article 101-

The functions of members of the Royal Government shall be
incompatible with professional activities in trade or industry and with the
holding of any position in the public service.

Article 102-

Members of the Royal Government shall be collectively responsible
to the Assembly for the overall policy of the Royal Government.

Each member of the Royal Government shall be individually responsible
to the Prime Minster and the Assembly for his/her own conduct.

Article 103-

Members of the Royal Government shall not use the orders, written
or verbal, of anyone as grounds to exonerate themselves form their
responsibility

Article 104-

The Council of Minister shall meet every week inn plenary session
or in a working session.

The Prime Minister shall chair the plenary sessions.

The Prime Minister may assign a Deputy Prime Minister to preside over
the working sessions.

Minutes of the Council of Ministers' meeting shall be forwarded to the
King for His information.

Article 105-

The Prime Minister shall have the right to delegate his power to a
Deputy Prime Minister or to any member of the Royal Government.

Article 106-

If the post of Prime Minister is permanently vacant, a new Council of
Ministers shall be appointed under the procedure stipulated in this
Constitution. If the vacancy is temporary, an acting Prime Minister shall
be provisionally appointed.

Article 107-

Each member of the Royal Government shall be punished for any
crimes or misdemeanors that he/she has committed in the course of his/her
duty.

In such cases and when his/her duty, the Assembly shall decide to file
charges against him/her with competent.

The Assembly shall decide on such matters though a secret vote by a
simple majority thereof.

Article 108-

The organization and functioning of the Council of Ministers shall
be determined by law.

the judiciary

The Judiciary shall guarantee and uphold impartiality and protect the
rights and freedoms of the citizens.

The Judiciary shall cover all lawsuits including administrative ones.

The authority of the Judiciary shall be granted to the Supreme Court and
to lower courts of all sectors and levels.

Article 110-

Trials shall be conducted in the name of the Khmer citizens in
accordance with the legal procedures and laws in force.

Only judges shall have the right to adjudicate. A judge shall fulfill
this duty with strict respect for the laws. wholeheartedly, and conscientiously.

Article 111-

Judicial power shall not be granted to the legislative or executive
branches.

Article 112-

Only the Department of Public Prosecution shall have the right to file
criminal suits.

Article 113-

The King shall be the guarantor of the independence of the
Judiciary. The Supreme Council of the Magistracy shall assist the King in this
matter.

Article 114-

Judges shall not be dismissed. The supreme Council of the
Magistracy shall take disciplinary actions against any delinquent judges.

Article 115-

The Supreme Council of the Magistracy shall be established by an
organic law which shall determine its composition and functions.

The Supreme Council of the Magistracy shall be chaired by the King. The
King may appoint a representative to chair the Supreme Council of the
Magistracy.

The Supreme Council of the Magistracy shall make proposals to the King
on the appointment of judges and prosecutors to all courts.

The Supreme Council of the Magistracy shall meet under the
chairmanship of the President of the Supreme Court or the General Prosecutor
of the Supreme Court to decide on disciplinary actions against the judges or
prosecutors.

Article 116-

The statuses of judges, and prosecutors and the functioning of the
judiciary shall be defined in separate laws.

The Constitutional Council

The Constitutional council shall have the duty to safeguard respect
for the Constitution, to interpret the Constitution, and the laws passed by the
Assembly.

The Constitutional Council shall have the right to examine and decide on
contested cases involving the election of assembly members.

Article 118-

The Constitutional Council shall consist of nine members with a
nine-year mandate. One third of the members of the Council shall be replaced
every three years. Three members shall be appointed by the King, three
members by the Assembly and three others by the Supreme Council of the
Magistracy.

The Chairman shall be elected by the members of the Constitutional
Council. He/she shall have a deciding vote in cases of equal vote.

Article 119-

Members of the Constitutional Council shall be selected among the
dignitaries with a higher-education degree in law, administration, diplomacy or
economics and who have considerable work experience.

Article 120-

The function of a Constitutional Council member shall be
incompatible with that of a member of the Royal Government, member of the
assembly, President or Vice-President of a political party, President or Vice-
President of trade-union or in-post judges.

Article 121-

The King, the Prime Minister, the President of the Assembly, or 1/10
of the assembly members shall forward draft bills to the Constitutional Council
for examination before their promulgation.

The Constitutional Council shall decide within no more than thirty days
whether the laws and the Internal Rules of Procedure are constitutional.

Article 122-

After the law is promulgated, the King, the prime Minister, the
President of the Assembly, 1/10 of the assembly members or the courts, may ask
the Constitutional Council to examine the Constitutionality of that law.

Citizens shall have the right to appeal against the Constitutionality
of the laws as through their representatives or the President of the
Assembly as stipulated in the above paragraph.

Article 123-

Provisions i any article ruled by the Council as unconstitutional
shall not be promulgated or implemented.

The decision of the Council is final.

Article 124-

The King shall consult with the Constitutional Council on all
proposals to amend the Constitution.

Article 125-

An organic law shall specify the organization and operation of the
Constitutional Council.

Transitional Provision

Revision or amendment affecting the system of liberal and
pluralistic democracy and the regime of Constitutional Monarchy shall
prohibited.

Article 135-

This Constitution, after its adoption, shall be declared in force
immediately by the Head of State of Cambodia.

Article 136-

After the entry into force of this Constitution, the Constituent
Assembly shall become the National Assembly.

The Internal Rules of Procedure of the assembly shall come into force
after adoption by the assembly.

In the case where the assembly is not yet functional, the President, the
First and Second Vice-Presidents of the Constituent Assembly shall participated
in the discharge of t duties in the Throne Council if so required by the
situation in the country.

Article 137-

After this Constitution takes effect, the King shall be selected in
accordance with conditions stipulated in Article 13

After this Constitution take effects, and during the first legislature,
the King of the Kingdom of Cambodia shall appoint a First Prime Minister and a
Second Prime Minister to forma Royal Government after securing the consent of
the President and the two Vice-Presidents of the assembly.

The Co-President existing before the adoption of this Constitution shall
participate as members of the Committee and in the Throne Council as
stipulated in Articles 11 and13 above.

Article 139-

Laws and standard documents in Cambodia that safeguard State
properties, rights, freedom and legal private properties and in conformity with
the national interests, shall continue to be effective until altered or
abrogated by next texts, except those provisions that are contrary to
the spirit of this Constitution.

this constitution was adopted by the Constitutional assembly in Phnom Penh
on 21 September 1993 at its second plenary session.