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Subject: Vaccines and immunization Publication date: All

This document provides a brief overview of the Optimize project’s strategy for developing delivery systems that are as advanced and innovative as the vaccines they support. Project Optimize, a collaboration between the World Health Organization and PATH, has been given a unique mandate to think far into the future: to put technological and scientific advances to work, helping define the ideal characteristics and specifications for health products; and to create a vaccine supply chain that is flexible and robust enough to handle an increasingly large and costly portfolio of vaccines.

This edition of PATH Today highlights work to improve children’s health in Nicaragua and Kenya and spotlights PATH's safe water project in Korogocho, a slum near Nairobi, Kenya. It also includes brief updates on the 2009 Breakfast for Global Health, workplace giving, an influenza vaccine study in Africa, and PATH's 2008 annual report.

This issue ofDirections in Global Healthshowcases PATH’s global presence. It highlights work related to influenza in Africa, HIV and AIDS in Eastern Europe,Japanese encephalitis in Asia, gender-based violence in Latin America and the Caribbean, and diagnostic technologies in North America. The back cover features a map and summary information on PATH’s work around the world.

This article, published in Human Vaccines (Human Vaccines 5:8, 1-7; August 2009), details a collaborative effort between PATH, Arecor, and the University of Colorado Denver School of Pharmacy that has resulted in a new formulation for recombinant hepatitis B vaccine that demonstrates improved stability at elevated temperatures. The formulation exhibited 9-week stability at 55°C and was also shown to be stable at both 37°C and 45°C for at least six months. This new vaccine formulation has the potential to be stored at room temperature for part of its shelf life and will help ensure the potency of the vaccine in areas where the cold chain is insufficient.

Project Optimize, a collaboration between the World Health Organization and PATH, has been given a unique mandate to think far into the future: to put technological and scientific advances to work, helping define the ideal characteristics and specifications for health products; and to create a vaccine supply chain that is flexible and robust enough to handle an increasingly large and costly portfolio of vaccines. This brochure provides an overview of Optimize's areas of focus and activities.

This film in the BBC World’s Kill or Cure? series uncovers the challenges of preventing and treating cervical cancer in Africa and highlights exciting new opportunities for dramatically reducing the toll of disease. The BBC crew follows Sarah Nyombi—Ugandan member of parliament, trained midwife, and women's health advocate—as she explores the landscape of cervical cancer. The film is available in two versions: 25 minutes and 12 minutes.

Diarrheal Disease: Solutions to Defeat a Global Killer presents scientific evidence to support strategies to scale up use of interventions, including safe water, improved sanitation and hygiene, breastfeeding and optimal complementary feeding, rotavirus vaccines, zinc treatment, and oral rehydration therapy/oral rehydration solution. In addition, the report features case studies of on-the-ground programs that bring these tools to communities that need them most. The document is available as one large file or as three smaller files for easier downloading.

This special issue ofDirections in Global Healthhighlights PATH’s work to advance technologies to improve global health. Featured technologies include low-cost tests to screen for cervical cancer, a new vaccine to protect against meningitis in Africa, products to prevent diarrheal disease, and Ultra Rice food fortification technology. The issue also includes a summary of PATH’s approach to developing and introducing innovative health technologies.

This article, published in Expert Reviews (Expert Rev. Vaccines 8(5), 547-557; May 2009), reviews approaches being used to develop thermostable vaccine formulations that are resistant to damage caused by freezing or excessive heat and could reduce dependence on the cold chain. The article discusses the challenges associated with the implementation of these novel formulations as well as the potential benefits of protecting vaccines from damage caused by breaks in the cold chain.

This document presents formative research results from PATH's HPV Vaccines: Evidence for Impact project in India. PATH is working with ministries of health and other country partners to develop strategies for introducing vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer.

This document presents new research results from PATH's HPV Vaccines: Evidence for Impact project in Peru. PATH is working with ministries of health and other country partners to develop strategies for introducing vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer.

This document presents new research results from PATH's HPV Vaccines: Evidence for Impact project in Uganda. PATH is working with ministries of health and other country partners to develop strategies for introducing vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer.

This document presents formative research results from PATH's HPV Vaccines: Evidence for Impact project in Vietnam. PATH is working with ministries of health and other country partners to develop strategies for introducing vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer.

This issue of Directions in Global Health describes PATH's work to control and prevent diarrheal disease, reach out to young scouts in Kenya and Uganda with HIV/AIDS information, assess the impact of malaria control efforts in Zambia, conduct DHS surveys, and shape HPV vaccine introduction in Peru.

This issue of PATH Today features a profile of PATH donor Diana Carey and her family, a report from PATH Journeys travelers to Vietnam, and brief updates on the 25th anniversary of Outlook, Forbes’ "most efficient charities" list, and more. The issue also highlights the year-end matching challenge.

This project Optimize study is a compilation of the literature available on the use of vaccines outside of the cold chain. Most of the studies analyzed in this review focus on hepatitis B, with one exception—a study examining meningococcal C vaccine.

This project Optimize landscape analysis identifies trends in the availability of vaccines and novel vaccine delivery technologies that are and will be of relevance to low- and middle-income countries from present through 2025. The document is available as one large file or as three smaller sections for easier downloading.

Fifteen strains of Escherichia coli from various geographical areas, animal, and soil sources were tested on standard and nonstandard detection assays at temperatures from 23°C to 45°C to test the viability of currently available E. coli tests in low-resource settings. Presented at the American Society for Microbiology Conference, June 1, 2008; Boston, MA.