This week in history: In 1962, Adolf Eichmann was executed in Israel. One of the central architects of the ‘Final Solution’, in his capacity as head of the ‘Office of Jewish Affairs’ Eichmann would be directly responsible for the deportation and death of millions of European Jews. With the assistance of Bishop Alois Hudal and other Vatican officials, Eichmann, granted asylum in numerous monastical safehouses, travelled through Europe to reach Argentina under the pseudonym ‘Ricardo Clement’. There Eichmann remained, until a co-operative effort between the Mossad and the Holocaust survivor and ‘Nazi-hunter’ Simon Wiesenthal resulted in his capture.
Eichmann was kidnapped outside his home on Garibaldi Street, Buenos Aires, on the 11th of May 1960, and smuggled to Israel. Despite Argentina’s efforts to repatriate Eichmann, he was taken to trial in Jerusalem. His court proceedings, the first to be televised, began in April 1961 and would last for 56 days, during which time numerous Holocaust survivors gave testimony. Observing his trial, the German Jewish philosopher Hannah Arendt would famously describe Eichmann as the personification of the ‘banality of evil’. On the 31st May 1962, Eichmann was hanged, his ashes later discarded at sea.

On this day in 1942, until Liberation in 1944, it became obligatory for Jews in Nazi-occupied France to wear the notorious ‘yellow star’. Particular insignia would also become mandatory for Jews in Poland (1939); Austria, Croatia, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania (1941); Belgium, Bulgaria, Holland, Luxembourg (1942), Hungary and Yugoslavia (1944).