VLC media player is a multimedia player, framework, streamer, and encoder. It can play inputs like files, network streams, DVDs, audio CDs, Blu-Rays, capture devices, and screens. It can play most audio and video codecs and formats (MPEG 1/2/4, H264, VC-1, DivX, WMV, Vorbis, AC3, AAC, MKV, etc.), but can also be used to convert to different formats and/or send streams through the network.

John the Ripper is a fast password cracker, currently available for many flavors of Unix, Windows, DOS, BeOS, and OpenVMS. Its primary purpose is to detect weak Unix passwords. It supports several crypt(3) password hash types commonly found on Unix systems, as well as Windows LM hashes. On top of this, lots of other hashes and ciphers are added in the community-enhanced version (-jumbo), and some are added in John the Ripper Pro.

MPlayer is a movie and animation player that supports a wide range of codecs and file formats, including MPEG 1/2/4, DivX 3/4/5, Windows Media 7/8/9, RealAudio/Video up to 9, Quicktime 5/6, and Vivo 1/2. It has many MMX/SSE(2)/3Dnow(Ex) optimized native audio and video codecs, but allows using XAnim's and RealPlayer's binary codec plugins, and Win32 codec DLLs. It has basic VCD/DVD playback functionality, including DVD subtitles, but supports many text-based subtitle formats too. For video output, nearly every existing interface is supported. It's also able to convert any supported files to raw/divx/mpeg4 AVI (pcm/mp3 audio), and even video grabbing from V4L devices.

Syslinux is a collection of boot loaders for Linux
and other operating systems which operates on
Linux ext2/ext3 filesystems, MS-DOS FAT
filesystems, network servers using PXE firmware,
or from CD-ROMs. Syslinux has an advanced
extension API and contains two optional menu
systems. It also includes MEMDISK, a tool for
booting legacy operating systems from
non-traditional media like PXE or CD-ROM.

Cygwin is a DLL which provides a Unix emulation environment for Windows. The Cygwin environment provides a complete port of such development utilities as gcc, binutils, gdb, make, etc., as well as a vast number of useful utilities.

Nuttx is a real-time embedded operating system (RTOS). It has a small footprint that is usable in micro-controller environments. It is fully scalable from tiny (8-bit) to moderate embedded (32-bit) systems. It also aims to be fully compliant to standards, to be fully real time, and to be totally open.

musl is a new implementation of the standard library for Linux-based systems. It is lightweight, fast, simple, free, and strives to be correct in the sense of standards-conformance and safety. It includes a wrapper for building programs against musl in place of the system standard library (e.g. glibc), making it possible to immediately evaluate the library and build compact statically linked binaries with it.

Fresh IDE is a visual assembly language IDE with a built-in Flat assembler (FASM) compiler. It is written in Fresh IDE and is a self-compilable application. It is fully compatible with FASM and can be compiled with every version of FASM, as well. The main goal of Fresh is to make programming in assembly as fast and efficient as in high-level languages, without sacrificing the small application size and raw power of assembly language. It is a Windows application, but it runs in Wine very well and can create, compile, debug, and run applications for Windows and Linux on both Windows and Linux host machines.

Concurrency Kit provides a plethora of concurrency primitives and lock-less and lock-free data structures designed to aid in the design and implementation of high performance scalable concurrent systems. It was designed to minimize dependencies on operating system-specific interfaces, and most of the interface relies only on a strict subset of the standard library and more popular compiler extensions.

ReactOS is an advanced operating system providing a ground-up implementation of a Microsoft Windows XP/Windows Server 2003-compatible operating system. It aims to achieve complete binary compatibility with both applications and device drivers meant for XP and NT 5.2 operating systems by using a similar architecture and providing a complete and equivalent public interface.
Written completely from scratch, ReactOS is not a Linux based system, and shares none of the UNIX architecture.