This page is a listing of historic bottle related references which the user
may consult for more information. The listing emphasizes works that
support or compliment the goals of this web site related to the dating and
typology of historic bottles made between about 1800 and the mid-20th
century. Annotation is
provided where possible as to the utility or pertinence of the work to the
noted website goals. Books which are purely collector price guides
with no useful historical information are not emphasized
here, although those which have some limited utility from the perspective of
the websites
goals are listed for informational purposes. Many collector guides with
good quality images and/or illustrations can be of use in helping
determine what type of a bottle - or bottle fragment - one has.

Unfortunately, the
majority of the publications listed on this page are out of print but may be found at
larger libraries. Most can also be acquired via the internet based
used book sites like ABE, eBay,
Amazon, and others, though they may now sell for much more than
original cover price.

For
a listing of additional possible references, a relatively recent book entitled Antique Glass Bottles:
Their History and Evolution 1500-1850 (Van den Bossche 2001) includes
the most comprehensive worldwide bibliography of books and articles on
bottles and related subjects that is to be found, having over 1100
citations. This book is now out of print, but widely available via the
internet book sites noted above.

References that are underlined are those
that the author of this site possesses.

Reference materials that are
considered by the author as essential components of the information "canon" of bottle dating and
identification have the authors name(s) listed in red
and the entry placed in a distinctive "box" (like this one) to highlight their importance.
These publications were some of the key references used in the
development of this website.

The red listings also include some books that
are considered monumental works and/or the top references within their
(sometimes narrow) subject field; examples include Farnsworth & Walthall's
2011 "Bottled in Illinois," Holabird's 2012 "Nevada
History Through Glass," and David Burton's "Antique Sealed
Bottles."

NOTE: If viewers have additional references they
think should be listed, have comments on those listed, or wish to do a "review"
of ones not done as yet, such is welcomed though the author reserves
the right to selectively use what most fits the goals of this website.
Send your additions and/or thoughts by accessing the authors email address by
clicking -
FAQ #21.

Note:
Please be aware that clicking on most of the links found on this page
takes a user to a non-Historic Bottle Identification &
Information Website page. Please note that
we do not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or
accuracy of the materials provided by other agencies or organizations. We
also are not endorsing outside agencies and organizations by linking to
them.

There are three
hyperlinked sections to this page in the following order:

REFERENCES BOOKS(Including other references which are not websites or
periodical/journal articles.)

Adams, John P.
1971. Bottle Collecting in
America.
New Hampshire Publishing Company, Somersworth, NH. This book is a simple
listing (with pictures) of bottles (600) with no historical information on the
noted items.

Adams, Samuel H.
1905. The Great American Fraud – Articles on the Nostrum Evil and Quacks,
Reprinted from Collier’s Weekly. P. F. Collier & Son, Press of the American
Medical Association, Chicago, IL. This book is a compilation of the Samuel
Adams articles in Collier’s Weekly on the evils of quackery which led to
the passage of the Pure Food & Drugs Act of 1906. This book is available
online via Google Books at this URL:
http://books.google.com/books?id=tdf8na3fqNUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Great+American+Fraud

Agee,
Bill.
1969. Collecting the Cures. Texian Press, Waco, TX.

Agee,
Bill.
1973. Collecting All Cures. Texian Press, Waco, TX. Both Agee books
are a comprehensive listing of cure bottle with a lot of photos and good
descriptions of the bottles but with very limited history (and dating) of the
bottles.

The
Agnew Company, Limited
1894. Illustrated Catalogue and Prices Current of The Agnew Co., Limited,
Manufacturers of Flint Glass Bottles. Duquesne Printing and Publishing Co.,
Pittsburgh, PA. A reprint of this useful bottle catalog is found in Pyne Press,
1972. This bottle manufacturing company was located in Hulton, PA. not far from
Pittsburgh.

Alther, Robert J.
1909. 1909 Price List - Robert J. Alther Manufacturers of Druggists,
Chemists & Perfumers Glassware (Crystal Glass Works). Reprinted 1970
by Pacific Grove Press, Pacific Grove, CA. This San Francisco, CA. company,
though specializing in druggist & perfume bottles, sold a wide array of all
types of bottles, though not nearly as “deep” an inventory as Illinois Glass
Company. Excellent reference, though this reprint is very hard to find.

Ambrose, Stephen E.
2000. Nothing Like It In The World. Simon & Schuster, New
York. Excellent book on the building of the Transcontinental Railroad and
used as a reference relative to the Chinese in Western America.

American Medical Association.
1912 (first edition undated, second edition dated). Nostrums and Quackery –
Articles on the Nostrum Evil and Quackery Reprinted from The Journal of the
American Medical Association. Press of American Medical Assn., Chicago.
The is volume 1 of the famous 3 part set. As implied by the subtitle of this
book, the AMA was a strong - and successful - advocate for control and
regulation of the patent medicine industry in the early 20th century.

American Medical Association.
1921. Nostrums and Quackery – Articles on the Nostrum Evil, Quackery and
Allied Matters Affecting the Public Health; Reprinted, With or Without
Modifications from The Journal of the American Medical Association.
Press of American Medical Assn., Chicago. This is volume 2 of this three
part set.

American Medical Association.
1936.
Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo Medicine.
Arthur J. Cramp M.D., LL.D., with a forward by George H. Simmons, M.D., LL.D.
Press of American Medical Association, Chicago. The third and last volume of
the set.

Andrews, David
(editor). 1996. Antique Bottles of Rhode
Island.
The Little Rhody Bottle Club, Cranston, R.I. Mostly a listing of known bottles
from Rhode Island with some illustrations, but does have an excellent “research
“ (historical information) section in the back covering a lot of RI companies
including some with national distribution like Davis’ Pain Killer and
Rumford Chemical Works.

Anonymous.
1949. Glass Container Faults. Industrial Publications Inc.,
Chicago, IL. This small publication notes that it is "Reprinted from
Ceramic Industry - (the) leading glass publication dealing with the everyday
practical problems of the glass industry's executives and operating men."
This is an excellent publication on the various "faults" or problems encountered
in the machine manufacture of primarily bottles set up as a "cause" (the
problem) and the "cure" (the solution[s]).

Anonymous.
(Date unknown).
Portland Area Druggists 1850-1915.
Privately published. This is a listing of Portland, Oregon druggists with the
dates of business from early business directories.

Apuzzo, Robert.
1994. Bottles of Old New
York: A Pictorial Guide to Early New York City Bottles, 1680-1925.
R & L Publishing, New York. This book is primarily a picture guide to an
assortment (~150) of largely embossed bottles from New York City and vicinity
(e.g. Staten Island) dominated by primarily aqua/colorless soda, beer and some
druggist bottles. There is some interesting general historical information
although little specific to the illustrated bottles.

Ayers, James E., William Liesenbien, Lee Fratt, and Linda Eure.
1980. Beer Bottles from the
Tucson Urban Renewal Project, Tucson, AZ.
Unpublished manuscript, Arizona State Museum. A good reference on beer and beer
bottles catalyzed by the excavation noted in the title. This work is still pending
publication – revised, updated, and annotated with footnotes by Bill Lockhart
and Bill Lindsey - by the Arizona State Museum. The following overview is from
Lockhart (2004i) of the original work:

This unpublished manuscript
is beyond a doubt the best and most comprehensive study of beer bottles that has
been undertaken to date. The authors deserve a standing ovation for every aspect
of the research except their failure to publish. For several years, I encouraged
Lee Fratt, one of the authors, to publish the work, but I have lost touch with
her in recent years. I postponed citing the study in hopes of its publication,
but it is time the work became more publicly known.

The study is divided into three untitled sections. The first of these, 60 pages
in length, dealt with the history, variations, and manufacturing techniques
pertinent to beer bottles. This section was well presented and is a must-read
for anyone researching beer bottles. The second section (pages 1-44 plus five
unnumbered pages) discussed specific manufacturing companies and the marks they
used. The authors chose to present the information alphabetically by company
instead of by mark. Although this makes it more difficult to locate a specific
mark, the company information is condensed into a single section.

The manufacturers section is very helpful in that it corrects, contradicts, and
offers alternative explanations for many of the marks, dates, and information
set forth in Toulouse (see above). For example, where Toulouse offered only two
possible companies for the use of the M. G. Co. mark (neither of which fit the
date range for the bottle style and manufacturing techniques), Ayres and
associates listed four additional possibilities and discussed their likelihood.
Of great importance, the authors included specific citations for their sources.
This is most helpful in any serious study of marks. The final section consisted
of unnumbered pages with drawings of bottle shapes, finishes, and manufacturer’s
marks. These are detailed and include heel marks along with numbers and
letters accompanying the marks, themselves. This section is helpful but is not
referenced to the second section. I am certain the researchers intended to
connect the two parts, but the report is incomplete in this respect. A final
problem is that the references for the bottle section are not listed separately
from those for the rest of the Tucson report.

Overall, this is a very important study, one that is almost essential for any
subsequent research on beer bottles or any comprehensive study of bottle marks.

Baker, T. Lindsay and B. Byron Price.
1986. Adobe Walls – The History and Archaeology of the 1874 Trading Post.
Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX. Interesting archaeological
study that includes a chapter with the descriptions and information on bottles
discarded during the very short life of a firmly dated historic site in the
Texas Panhandle which was destroyed by Comanche’s.

Baldwin, Joseph K.
1973. A Collector’s Guide to Patent and Proprietary Medicine Bottles of the
Nineteenth Century. Thomas Nelson Inc., New York. Contains a listing of
over 4,000 bottles with more than 800 illustrations, though has little company
history information.

Baltimore Antique
Bottle Club, Inc.
2002.
Baltimore Bottle Book - Being an annotated list of 170 years of Collector
Bottles of Baltimore City and Baltimore County.
The Baltimore Bottle Club, Inc., Baltimore, MD. Comprehensive listing with
limited historical information on the listed bottles.

Barbe, Walter B.
and Kurt A. Reed.
2003. The Glass Industry in Wayne County,
Pennsylvania 1807-Present.
Dorflinger-Suydam Press, White Mills, PA. This is an interesting, informative,
and well illustrated book on an important 19th century glass making
area in northeast Pennsylvania northwest of New York City.

Barber, Edwin A.1900.
American Glassware Old and New. David McKay & Co., Philadelphia, PA. One
of the earliest books on American bottles and glassmaking.

Barnett, George E.
1926. Chapters on Machinery and Labor. Harvard University Press,
Cambridge, Mass. Excellent reference with the information in chapters III and
IV being some of the most widely quoted information on the subject of glass and
bottle making in the professional literature.

Barnett, R. E.
1987. Western Liquor Bottles. Maverick Publications, Bend, OR. Largest
listing of Western American liquor bottles. Although primarily a listing and
price guide, it does contain date estimates for all the bottles that appear to
be quite accurate as the late Mr. Barnett is an acknowledged expert on the subject.

Barrett, William J.
II.
1997.
Zanesville, Ohio and the Glass Industry – An Enduring Romance.
Privately published. Probably the best book on the subject of glassmaking in
this famous glassmaking area in the Midwest...until the recent publishing of the
following book.

Barrett, J.
William II. 2011. Zanesville Glass. Privately
published. This recent work on Zanesville (Ohio) glass manufacturers is
monumental in scope. It has exceptional historical information on all of
the major producers in one of the most significant 19th and 20th century glass
making regions. The book is profusely illustrated with hundreds of photos
and other illustrations of various types of bottles and glass, advertising from
the companies, patents for bottle designs and machines, and much, much more.
It also includes the scanned and reprinted pages from the 1908 (approx.) catalog
of the Kearns-Gorsuch Bottle Company which compliments the 1916-1917
catalog found (or soon to be) on this website. Copies of this reasonably
priced - given its scope and size (450+ pages!) -and important work are
available from the author by contacting him at his email:
barrett4121@sbcglobal.net

Bartholomew, Ed.
1970. 1200 Old Medicine Bottles, with Prices Current. Frontier Book
Co., Fort Davis, Texas. Similar to the above book, this one is primarily
listing of bottles (and out-of-date pricing guide) although there is also some
useful historical
information related to the bottles.

Bellaire Bottle Company.
ca. 1905-1910. The Catalogue of the Bellaire Bottle Company. Bellaire
Bottle Company, Bellaire, O. (Ohio) Great turn of the century bottle makers
catalog which is very rare and never reprinted. The catalog is undated, though
there are several hints that support a 1905-1910 age based on a comparison
between the 1903-04, 1906, 1908, and 1911 Illinois Glass Company (IGCo)
catalogs. Prices are higher than the 1903-1904 IGCo catalog, but similar to the
1911. Considering the competition in the industry, one could assume that prices
would be similar for similar items for all the major producers. The Bellaire
catalog does not offer druggist bottles with the capacity embossed (i.e., the
stylized “3iii” type markings on the shoulder) like the 1903-04 IGCo catalog.
The 1911 IGCo catalog does offer many druggist bottles with the capacity
embossed which indicates that the Bellaire is probably older. The Bellaire
catalog also does not offer screw top Philadelphia liquor flasks and all of the
IGCo catalogs do. (This may just be a function of the Bellaire catalog being
more limited in scope than the bigger IGCo.) The Bellaire catalog does include
wide mouth “machine made” bottles, which were certainly made with a
semi-automatic machine which are first offered in the 1906 IGCo. catalog.

Bender, Nathan E.
1986. Early 20th Century Commercial Closures. Kent State
University, Kent, OH. Presented at the annual meeting of the Society for
Historical Archaeology Conference on Underwater Archaeology, Sacramento, CA.
January 11, 1986. This 125 page booklet contains a very good detailed overview
of food preservation history and all types of closures, with an emphasis on food
closures used during the early 20th century.

Bender, Nathan E.
2016. Historic Bottle and Jar Closures. Left Coast Press,
Inc., Walnut Creek, CA. This is a revised, expanded and formally published
update of the above noted work by Bender. It is currently (late 2017)
available from the publisher (www.LCoastPress.com), Amazon and likely other
sources. To quote the back of the cover, "This book presents a
much-needed review of commercial closures for bottles and jars used in America
prior to World War II. Archaeological attention to commercial closures has
been rather limited. This is surprising given that date derived from
bottles and jars pertain to a wide range of studies, including chronological
control, trade, site functions, and methods of manufacture. Closures are
an integral part of these studies, becoming particularly important after a
spectacular variety of metal and glass caps in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries. This volume provides a comprehensive review,
including detailed closure definitions, as well as glass finishes; discusses the
history of the development and impact of the hermetic seal in commercial
closures; (and) will appeal to students, professionals, and collectors
studying this common historic artifact class." To the authors
knowledge, this book along with Lief (1965) and Graci (2003) are the best
references on bottle closures.

Berg, Capt.
Dan. 2011. Hunting Antique Bottles in the Marine
Environment. Aqua Explorers, Inc. This smallish but copiously
illustrated book is actually a good "field guide" for dating historic bottles
using very well done illustrations and charts. It also has brief, but
good, information on finishes, bottle manufacturing, pontil scars, bottle types
and more. As such, it is recommended by this author for a quickie field
guide - land or sea. It is available at this link:
http://www.aquaexplorers.com/BottleBook.htm

Berge, Dale L.
1968. The Gila Bend Stage
Station.
The Kiva – Journal of the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol.
33(4):169-243. Interesting study of historical artifacts - including many
bottles - uncovered at this stage station which operated in SW Arizona from 1860
to 1890.

Berge, Dale L.
1980. Simpson Spring Station: Historical Archaeology in Western Utah.
Cultural Resources Series No. 6. Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office
done in conjunction with Brigham Young University. Though nominally analyzing
an archaeological dig at a Pony Express Station in western Utah, this large BLM
publication (335 pages) also has an excellent overview of bottles, bottle
making, morphology, company histories, and more, including ceramics.
Unfortunately this publication is long out of print and rarely available
although an electronic (pdf) version is available at this URL:
http://digitallibrary.utah.gov/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=45926

Bethman, David.
1991. The Pioneer Drug Store: A History of Washington State
Drug Stores and Their Bottles.
Privately Printed. Excellent, though hard to find, book that has great
history on Washington druggists and drugstore bottles. (9/03 - According to
Dave he is revising the book and will publish a 2nd edition in the
future.) The following
overview is from Lockhart (2004i):

Although Bethman’s book is a
study of Washington State drug store bottles, he included a seven-page section
on manufacturer’s marks found on drug store bottles. Bethman addressed 26 marks
specific to drug store bottles, many of which are absent from Toulouse. Others,
like the six marks used by Whitall Tatum & Co. are expansions on the Toulouse
information. Although the book is difficult to find, the information is well
worth the effort, if you are involved in the study of drug store bottles.

Blasi, Betty.
1974. A Bit About Balsams. Texian Press, Waco, TX. According to Fike
(1987), this book is “An excellent, comprehensive reference to balsam
bottles; includes illustrations and documented histories.”

Blasi, Gene.
1992.
Louisville's Early Medicine Bottles.
Privately published, Louisville, KY. Betty’s husband and a useful book –
including an ample amount of dating and historical information – on the subject
of Louisville medicine bottles. Includes decent line drawings of most of the
medicine bottles covered and a section on Louisville druggist company date
ranges for those that used proprietary embossed bottles.

Blumenstein, Lynn.
1963 (with many reprints). Old Time Bottles Found in the Ghost Towns.
Old Time Bottle Publishing Co., Salem, OR.

Blumenstein, Lynn.
1965 (with many reprints). Re-digging the West for Old Time Bottles.
Old Time Bottle Publishing Co., Salem, OR. Both of the Blumenstein books
were some of the earliest bottle books published during the beginning of the
Western collectors craze in the 1960’s. However, they are principally simple
listings of bottles with pictures and have no useful historical information
connected to the specifically illustrated items.

Boow,
Dr. James.
1991. Early Australian Commercial Glass: Manufacturing Processes. The
Heritage Council of New South Wales. Very well researched and illustrated
publication on the processes of glass and bottle making from an Australian and
English perspective. Includes some excellent information on the dating of
bottles using manufacturing based diagnostic features and an overview of
Australian and English makers makings.

Borton, Warren.
1988. Historical Bottles of
Wyoming 1868-1915.
Privately published. (Reprinted in 1999 as
Wyoming Bottles: Historical Bottles of Wyoming: 1868 to 1910). Small, but
nicely done (good historical information & quality line drawings) of all types
of bottles and ceramic jugs from Wyoming listed alphabetical by city. Wyoming
has a small population now and even smaller during the era covered by the book,
so the number of different bottles from the area is limited.

Bown, Tom A. and Chriss Addams.
2015. Glass and Pottery containers of the Royal Navy and British
Military: Historic and Archaeological Finds from the 18th, 19th and 20th
Centuries. First Choice Books, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
This is an excellent book on an amazingly wide array of interesting bottles (and
ceramic) containers made for and used by the Royal Navy and British Military.
Has great information on the "Broad Arrow" (aka "Admiralty Arrow") marking found
on most of these containers. These bottles are found in many places in the
world, though in particular the Commonwealth countries like Canada, New Zealand,
Australia, India and of course the mother country Great Britain. The
authors may be contacted via
www.coffinisland.ca Copies of this book may be acquired through
Limebay Books, Victoria, B.C. by contacting them at this email -
limebay@shaw.ca

Brantley, William
F.
1975. A Collector's Guide to Ball Jars. Rosemary Humbert Martin,
Publisher. Muncie, Indiana. This small but informative and well illustrated
book contains a good discussion of this famous company’s history, jars and
dating of such.

Bressie, Wes & Ruby.
1972 (earlier editions back to 1964). Ghost Town Bottle Price Guide – With
An Expanded Section on Oriental Relics. Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID. As
the name notes, this is primarily just a listing of bottles with limited
historical information, though the section on Oriental items is of some utility
since many are pictured.

Buckley, William E.
Undated – about 1985. A History of The Pitkin Glasswork. Private
Printing through Allied Printing Services, Inc. History of the Famous Pitkin
Glassworks. Chapters include the Beginnings, the troubled years, glassmaking,
Pitkin production, endings, acknowledgments & even appendices. Great color
photos.

Bull,
Donald & Manfred Friedrich.
1976. The Register of
United States Breweries 1876-1976.
Privately published by Holly Press, Stamford, CT. Good resource for the
business dates of several thousand breweries in the U.S. Book is divided into
the pre and post Prohibition.

Bull,
Donald, Manfred Friedrich, & Robert Gottschalk.
1984. American Breweries. Privately published by Bullworks,
Trumbull, CT. Sequel to the 1976 book that includes more information
including the initiation of operation dates for thousands of breweries.
Both the 1976 and 1984 books are useful when used together since they do not
cover the exact same general material, though cover most of the same breweries.
For simple brewery dating, the 1984 book is the most useful though van Wieren (1995) is an update to
this book; see that entry below.

Burggraaf, Mike & Tom Southard.
1998. The Antique Bottles of Iowa
1846-1915.
Privately published. This is a monumental two volume regional work that is over
650 pages long with exceptional history, state coverage, and illustrations.
This work provides great information for the dating of bottle styles over time.
Information about acquiring this book may be obtained via the Hutchbook.com
website at this link:
http://www.hutchbook.com/Collecting%20Bottle%20Books%20IA/Default.htm

Burris, Ronald B.
1967. Collecting Fruit Jars with Price Guide. Privately published.
This is the authors second book, the first being entitled “The Illustrated Guide
to Collecting Fruit Jars” (publishing date unknown) which the author has not
seen, though it is likely like this second book which is a simple – though
illustrated (including good base drawings) - listing of jars with values from
the 1960s.

Burton, David with research by Christopher Mortimer.
2015. Antique Sealed Bottles -
1640-1900 - and the families who owned them.
Antique Collectors Club Ltd., Woodbridge,
Suffolk, England. This a very recent,
incredibly comprehensive and massive (3 volumes,
1711 pages, and about 20 pounds!) work on the
sealed bottles of the world, which were
primarily the products of English, Continental
and American glass makers. Thousands of
high quality color images and a wealth of
historical information that is almost
unbelievable in scope. Highly recommended
for anyone interested in the legend, lore and
history of sealed bottles...and anyone
interested in a work on historic bottles that
stands head and shoulders above the rest.
This work is obviously the authors life work
(Mortimer died in 2008).

Caniff, Tom.
1997. The Label Space, The Book. Phoenix Press, Chicago, IL. This book
is a compendium of articles which originally appeared in Bottles & Extras
magazine from 1992 to 1995 and an excellent source of information on various
types of food bottles and jars. (Caniff continues to write periodic articles as
a regular column called “Fruit Jar Rambles” for the Antique Bottle & Glass
Collector magazine.)

Carlson, Gayle F.
1979. Archeological Investigations at Fort
Atkinson (25WN9), Washington County, Nebraska 1956-1971.
Nebraska State Historical Society, Publications in Anthropology – Number Eight,
Lincoln, Nebraska. This is a good reference that includes images of dip molded
bottles and other earlier items uncovered at a fort which was in operation only
from 1820 to 1827.

Carter, Morris A. and James E. Hostetler.
1975.
Ontario Soda Water Bottles.
Rune Publications, Ontario, Canada. A listing of over 700 Ontario soda
bottles used from the mid-19th to early/mid 20th century,
although it contains no historical information on the illustrated bottles or
companies that used them.

Ceramic Industry.
1949. Glass Container Faults. Industrial Publications, Inc.,
Chicago, IL. Very useful industry publication outlining the types, causes,
and solutions for a myriad of different faults and issues found on the finished
products made by bottle machines. This small booklet is a compilation of
information reprinted from the (as stated inside the cover) - "Ceramic
Industry - Leading glass publication with the everyday practical problems of the
glass industry's executives and operating men." Also notes that "All
articles reviewed by Hartford Empire Company before publication" - that
company being a major maker of bottle making machines.

Chapman, Tom L.
2003. Bottles of
Eastern California.
Hungry Coyote Publishing Company, Bishop, CA. Another of the well researched
though regionally focused books by a collector that also includes excellent
color photography as well as historical context. Allows for the accurate dating
of a myriad of different bottles – milks, liquor, sodas, drugstores, etc. – from
the 1870’s to the mid 20th century.

Chessman, G. Wallace and Curtis W. Abbott.
1991. Edward Hamlin Everett “The Bottle King.” Robbins Hunter Museum,
Granville, OH. History of the Everett Glass Co. and Newark Star Glass Works and
contains some excellent pictures of the glass works and illustrations of bottles
they made (including the Lightning fruit jar; Henry Putnam was Everett’s
stepfather).

Cheyenne Antique Bottle Club.
1973. History of
Wyoming as Told in Bottles.
Cheyenne Antique Bottle Club, Cheyenne, WY. This book is the original book on
Wyoming bottles and included good illustrations; see Borton (1988) above.

Chopping, George C.
1978. Bottles of the Canadian Prairies. 403 pages. Privately published.

City of Astoria.
2006. Astoria’s Historic Resources and Heritage. City of Astoria,
August 2006. This report includes information on various Astoria (Oregon)
historic buildings and businesses that was (to quote the report) “an
assessment of Astoria’s historic resources and heritage that was financed in
part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior.”

Clifford, Richard A.
1966. A History of Fruit Jars. Privately published. A very small
though generally information book on fruit jars and several fruit jar producers.

Clint, David K.
1976.
Colorado Historical Bottles & Etc. 1859-1915.
Antique Bottle Collectors of Colorado, Denver, CO. Excellent book of most
Colorado bottles (not druggist bottles – see Preble 2002) and includes very
nicely done drawings – including base markings - and great history of the
companies that used the bottles.

Colcleaser, Donald E.
1965. Bottles of Bygone Days. Privately published.
Napa, CA. This early collectors book is primarily composed of decent
drawings of several hundred different bottles, including base markings, and has
some value because of this although it has no history about the illustrated
bottles.

Cooper, K.
Charles. 2012. The Glass Beverage Bottles of the HMS St.
George 1788-1811. Masters Thesis, University of Southern Denmark.
This thesis is an excellent discourse on a large array of largely English,
though some French and other Continental bottles found on this English warship
wreck which sank on Christmas Eve 1811 off the coast of Denmark. It
includes excellent images of all the bottle types/styles found at the wreck
site. It is available on this website at the following link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Englishwreck1811report.pdf

Covill, William E. Jr.
1971. Ink bottles and Inkwells. William S. Sullwold, Publishing, Tauton,
MA. This book is certainly the best book on the subject that there is, though
long out of print and relatively expensive to acquire (though examples are
around in some quantity). It pictures a couple thousand ink bottles of all
types, and although light on historical information compared to the plethora of
images, it does contain a lot of useful information.

Creswick, Alice M.
1987 (Also reprinted in 1995). The Fruit Jar Works Vol. 1 & 2, Privately
published (1995 published by Douglas Leybourne and identical in content to the
1987 version). Extremely detailed work on fruit jars including history, great
illustrations by her husband Howard, glassmaking information and more including
good information on the dates of manufacture. Volume 1 covers jars made “circa
1820 to 1920’s”; Volume 2 covers jars made from “circa 1900 to modern”
(1980’s). Unfortunately, both printings are out-of-print again and somewhat
expensive to acquire. The
following overview is from Lockhart (2004i):

Although this book is very
specialized (fruit jars, as the title stated), it is a great identification
guide – an attempt to catalog every fruit jar made during the 1820-1920 period.
This book could have been devised with archaeologists in mind (it was not)
because of the way it is formatted. Almost every jar is illustrated, including
the lids, bases, and reverse sides where embossing is present. This is ideal for
anyone dealing with fragmentary glass – as well as complete jars. Not only does
Creswick include major variations, she showed even minor discrepancies. For
example, she showed illustrations of 21 variations in basal markings on one
variety of Mason jar. In addition, she provided descriptions that included the
identification of the manufacturer (when known) and the date range of
production. She often identified manufacturers and date ranges not found in
other sources.

She began her book with a brief history of canning and followed the
identification section (the main body of the book) with an extensive appendix on
patents and copyrights. A second appendix (although she did not use the term)
was a 12-page list of fruit jar manufacturers that included many entries not
found in any other sources I have reviewed. She finished with a brief history of
jar makers from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in 1876 and historical sketches
of several jar makers. My only complaint about the work is that it is out of
print and quite expensive. The two-volume set is generally priced from ca. $275.
I have been unable to obtain a review copy of Volume II (fruit jars after 1920),
but I suspect it contains the same high-quality information.

Crown
Cork & Seal Co.
(Undated but ca. 1950s). The Story of the Crown Cork & Seal. Crown Cork
& Seal, Co., Inc., Philadelphia, PA. A small booklet that provides information
on the subject implied by title – the crown cap.

Culhane, Phil and Scott Wallace.
Transfer Printed Ginger Beers of
Canada.
393 pages published recently. Also published the “Primitive Bottles of
Canada.”

The
Cumberland Glass Mfg. Co.
1911. Illustrated Catalogue and Price List of Bottles, Fruit and
Battery Jars. The
Cumberland Glass Mfg. Co., Bridgeton, N.J. (Catalog reprinted by the Mooers
Mail-tiques, Wheaton, MD.) Another interesting early 20th century
catalog reprinted some time in recent years and which has some similarities to
the Illinois Glass Catalogs of the same era including sharing some of the
same illustrations. Also includes an assortment of “Machine Made Ware.” The
company was absorbed by the Illinois Glass Company in 1920.

Davis, Marvin & Helen.
1967. Antique Bottles. Old Bottle Collecting Publications, Ashland,
OR. A simple, but limited, listing of bottles with photos with no
historical information about the illustrated items.

Davis, Pearce.
1949 (1970). The Development of the American Glass Industry. Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, MA. (Russell and Russell, New York). Reprinted
also in 1970.

DeGrafft, John.
1980. American Sarsaparilla Bottles. Privately published.
This is a better designed and illustrated book than Shimko’s on the subject but
with very little of the historical & company information which Shimko’s book is
rich in.

Deiss,
Ronald W.
1981. The Development and Application of a Chronology for American Glass.
Illinois State University, Normal, IL. MS Thesis. This is also an excellent
overview of the subject matter described by the title and highly recommended if
one can find a copy.

Devner, Kay.
1966. Backwards Through a Bottle. Privately published, Tucson, AZ.
This book does include some interesting historical information on a variety of
different, mostly common, bottles with some emphasis on Arizona bottles where
author lived.

Devner, Kay.
1968. Patent Medicine Picture. Privately published, Tucson, AZ.
According to Fike (1987), this book is a “Comprehensive list of medicines
including dates of advertisement. Data sources include newspaper
advertisements, magazines, trade cards, and supply house catalogs.” One of
the many books Fike used in preparation for his monumental medicine bottles
book.

Devner, Kay.
1970. At the Sign of the Mortar. Fike (1987) – “Provides a brief
history of American drugstores with lists of early supply houses, their
merchandise and medicine.”

Dobson, Neil C.,
Ellen Gerth and J. Lange Winckler.
2009. The Shipwreck of the SS Republic (1865). Experimental Deep-Sea
Archaeology. Part 1: Fieldwork & Site History. Part 2: Cargo. Odyssey
Marine Exploration, Tampa, FL. This report is probably the best documented and
recorded commercial salvage operations that has significance to the goals of
this website. Over 8,000 intact glass and stoneware were recovered providing a
snapshot of the styles and manufacturing techniques used for bottles made in
1865. This report is available via this website: http://www.shipwreck.com

Downard, William L.
1980. Dictionary of the History of the American Brewing and Distilling
Industries. Greenwood Press, Westport, CN. Very interesting and
informative book on the subjects noted in the title. This includes short
historical sketches on many different brewing and distilling companies, glossary
of pertinent brewing/distilling terms, statistical information on consumption
over time, and much, much more. Highly recommended for students of brewing or
distilling history.

Dumbrell, Roger.
1983 (also reprinted in 1992). Understanding Antique
Wine Bottles. Antique Collectors Club, printed by Baron Publishing, Suffolk,
England.
Along with Jones (1986) and Van den Bossche (1999), this is one of the best
books on the subject of European-made wine bottles (many were also used for beer
and/or liquor) made from the early 17th century into the 20th
century, though it concentrates on the “history and evolution” of bottles made
from 1630
to around 1900. Full of illustrations, photos, and dating timelines for the
various styles which includes shafts and globes, onions, mallets, cylindrical
wine bottles, various three-mold types, and more. There are also nearly 100
pages on known seals - including illustrations.

Eastin, June.
1965. Bottles West Vol. 1. Press-tige Printed Products, Inc., Ontario,
CA. This small book has some good historical information on an assortment of
common bottles such as Sloan’s Liniment, Murine, Three-In-One Oil, Edison
Battery Oil, Bromo-Seltzer, and a couple dozen more. (Note: As best
as this site's author can ascertain, there was never was a Bottles West Vol.
2.)

Eatwell, John M.
(editor)
1971. Denver’s Golden Days and Apothecary Palaces. Antique Bottle
Collectors of Colorado, Denver, CO. The following review (condensed) courtesy
of Dale Wedel (Archaeologist with the State of Wyoming): “The
List of Denver Drug Stores from 1875 to 1915 is probably the meat of the book.
It was compiled… from city directories and is basically an extended table
listing all drug stores in the city and their years of operation. The table
also indicates which drug stores had embossed bottles. Included in this chapter
are also a number of photographs of drug stores, and drawings of drug store
bottles. The latter lack a scale but appear to be actual size, most of them
include drawings of the base.”

Eatwell, John M. and David K. Clint III.
2001. Pikes Peak Gold. Effective Graphics, Las Vegas, NV. This book
features a comprehensive section about all known Pike’s Peak flask variations
(with excellent full-size drawings and/or color photographs), their production,
identification system, and much more. The book also contains a condensed
history of Zebulon M. Pike and his 1806 – 1807 expeditions along with the famous
Pike’s Peak gold rush which began (along with the flasks) in 1859.

Elliot, Rex R.
1971. Hawaiian Bottles of Long Ago. Hawaiian Service, Inc., Honolulu,
HI. The smaller, though still high quality precursor to the next listed book.
The 1988 revised edition has everything (it appears) that the earlier book has
plus much more.

Elliott, Rex R. and Stephen C. Gould.1988
(revised edition). Hawaiian Bottles of Long Ago. Hawaiian Service Inc.,
Honolulu, HI. Excellent book on the bottles of Hawaii that also includes a lot
of information about bottle making, bottles styles. Has value to bottle
researchers far beyond just the coverage of that states bottles. Good clear
black and white photographs of more than 200 different bottles, includes soda
water, seltzer, liquor, beer, and medicine bottles, with lots of useful
information about the companies that produced them.

Fadley, Don.
1992. Hair Raising Stories. Privately published. Excellent book on
bottles related to hair – both medicinal and cosmetic. Virtually all of the
information – including good historical details - is now available on-line at the following website:
http://www.hairraisingstories.com

Fairmount Glass Works, Inc.
Undated (late 1920s or early 1930s). General Catalogue. Fairmount Glass
Works, Inc. Indianapolis, IN. Though undated, the array of bottles offered in
this catalog reflect the standard styles and types of the noted era.

Farnsworth, Kenneth
B. and John A. Walthall. 2011. Bottled in Illinois
- Embossed Bottles and Bottled Products of Early Illinois Merchants from Chicago
to Cairo 1840-1880. Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie
Research Institute, Studies in Archaeology No. 6, University of Illinois,
Urbana, Illinois. This very recently published and very scholarly work by
two archaeologists (with LOTS of help by many collectors and archaeologists) is
easily the best regional work ever completed on historic bottles. It
concentrates on the area noted in the title - Illinois - between 1840 and 1880 -
a significant period of American bottle making. The quality of the full
color images, excellent illustrations, descriptive manufacturing details,
historic information, and even the girth (over 800 pages and 8.5 lbs in weight!)
make this a must have book for archaeologists and collectors even if they are
not particularly interested in the area. For example, the author of this
website will be using this work extensively to refine and reinforce various
concepts described on this website due to the books exceptionally detailed
information. At $125 it
is not cheap, but given its importance and utility to the goals of this website,
it is a bargain for that price for a truly monumental work. It is
available at this link from the Illinois State Archaeological Survey:
http://www.isas.illinois.edu/publications/bottledinillinois.shtml

The following is
from the above noted link:

In the pages of this book, we describe
and illustrate nearly 1,100 different Illinois embossed-bottle varieties
produced before, during, and after the Civil War for close to 500 Illinois
merchants operating in over 100 small towns and cities across the state, with
populations ranging from just a few hundred souls to more than 100,000 people.
Several small towns are represented by only a single embossed-bottle style
used by one enterprising merchant. At the opposite end of the spectrum,
Chicago bottler John A. Lomax created the “Largest Bottling House in the U.S.”
during the 1860s and 1870s, using over 60 different embossed-bottle styles, in
a rich variety of colors, to help sell his beverages. The authors have worked
with historical archivists Eva Mounce and Curtis Mann to research the bottlers
and bottled products included in our book—and 14 additional
historical-research contributors have added their local and regional expertise
and knowledge to help make the volume a reality.

Because of the daunting scale of the
effort needed to document embossed and stamped bottle styles, user/maker
marks, bottle contents, and product histories, the few existing pioneering
published studies of such bottles used by early Illinois merchants provide
only partial, often regional, thumbnail-outline lists with little associated
historical information on the merchants and their products. For example, the
most extensive of these studies—which focuses only on embossed Illinois soda
bottles dating from 1840 to the 1940s—lists just six embossed sodas dating to
the 1840–1860 period (only three of which were recognized by the authors as
dating to pre–Civil War times). Our current study documents, illustrates, and
provides historical-context studies of 87 embossed soda/mineral water bottles
of this age, used by bottlers in 46 Illinois towns ranging from Chicago to
Cairo. For the 1860–1880 period, previous publications document only 43
blob-top soda styles statewide. Our current study provides comprehensive
historical and stylistic information on 247 such bottles. Previous volumes
list just 17 stamped stoneware bottles from Illinois, several of which were
not identified as the product of Illinois bottlers at the time his
publications appeared. Our current study provides historical and stylistic
information on 37 such bottles.

Because of the scale and scope of the
present volume and the limited utility of previously published sources, our
focus has been to provide detailed information on bottle styles and their
embossed lettering and bottle contents, in addition to the histories of
Illinois bottlers who used these particular types of glass and stoneware
containers. The product manufacture and use information provided within these
pages, combined with information from the archaeological sites where complete
and fragmentary examples of the bottles were discarded, will no doubt be of
use for overview studies of consumer behavior and patterns of product
movement. But our immediate study focus has been to provide archaeologists and
historians from Illinois and surrounding areas with clear and comprehensive
information on 1840–1880 bottle styles, product contents, product functions
(both real and imagined), and merchant histories, to aid in reconstructing the
age of archaeological site occupations and in interpreting site functions and
occupant activities.

Faubel, Arthur L.
1938. Cork
and the American Cork Industry.
Cork Institute of America, New York, N.Y. Interesting book that cover the
history and use of cork for all purposes, including a chapter on “Cork
Stoppers.”

Faulkner, Ed &
Lucy. 2009 (2nd Edition). Ink Bottles - 150 Years of Bottles
and Companies. Private published by authors. Certainly the best
book on American (primarily) ink bottles and their history published to date.
Lavishly illustrated with many hundreds of color images of bottles,
advertisements, labels, catalog & patent illustrations, and much more this book
also contains extensive histories of most all major ink producers in the U. S.

Feldhaus, Ron & the
members of Minnesota's First Antique Bottle Club & North Star Historical Bottle
Collectors Association. 1986. The Bottles, Breweriana and Advertising Jugs
of
Minnesota 1850-1920, Volume 1: Beer, Soda, Household.
Soft back, measures approx. 8 1/2" X 11". Many pictures, drawings, and great
history of companies. Very good regional book. Information about
acquiring this book and the second volume below is available via Hutchbook.com
at this link:
http://www.hutchbook.com/Collecting%20Bottle%20Books%20MN%20-%20Ron%20Feldhaus%201986/Default.htm

Felton, David L. and Peter D. Schulz.
1983. The Diaz Collection: Material Culture and Social Change in
Mid-Nineteenth-Century
Monterey.
California Archaeological Reports No. 23, Department of Parks and Recreation,
Sacramento, CA. Contains some useful information on 19th century
bottles from a known dated historic site.

Felton, David L., Frank Lortie, and Peter D. Schulz.
1984. The Chinese Laundry on
Second Street: Papers on Archeology at the Woodland Opera House Site.
California Archaeological Reports No. 24, Department of Parks and Recreation,
Sacramento, CA. Like the above report, this one contains some useful
information on 19th century bottles from a known dated historic site;
including Chinese bottles and pottery in this report.

Fewless, Dennis G. and
Christopher A. Weide. 2009. Soft Drink Bottlers
of the United States. Volume 1 - Vermont & New Hampshire.
BookSurge Publishing, Charleston, SC. Book on an array of soda bottlers in
the noted states, with a high emphasis on the 20th century and machine-made soda
bottles.

Field, Anne E.
1975. On the Trail of Stoddard Glass. William L. Bauhan, Publisher,
Dublin, New Hampshire. This is an informative and well done book on the four
glass factories in the Stoddard, NH area which produced a lot of relatively
distinctive bottles during the 19th century. The factories were:
John Foster’s Works – South Stoddard; Granite Glass Co. or C. Curtis & Co. –
Mill Village; South Stoddard Glass Co. or Weeks & Gilson – South Stoddard; and
The New Granite Glass Works – Mill Village.

Fike,
Richard E.
1965. Handbook for the Bottleologist. Ogden, UT. Fike’s first book
which has some limited historical information and a list of over
1000 bottles that were or could be found in the Great Basin.

Fike,
Richard E.
1966. Guide to Old Bottles, Contents & Prices 1. Ogden, UT.
Continuation of the work from his first book, this one includes lots of
reproduced advertisements and line drawings of lots of bottles. Of some utility
to the goals of this website.

Fike,
Richard E.
1987. The
Bottle Book: A Comprehensive Guide to Historic, Embossed Medicine Bottles.
Gibbs M. Smith, Inc., Peregrine Smith Press, Salt Lake City, UT. For the
identification and history medicinal bottles, this book is exceptional and
should be considered part of the “canon.” (Note:
There is currently a reprint of this book available from Blackburn Press. Click
on the following link to view:
http://www.blackburnpress.com/bottlebook.html)

Fike,
Richard E.
1998. A Guide to the Identification and Dating of Historic Glass Bottles.
Photocopied “short course” informal publication from the Bureau of Land
Management, Montrose, CO. Also printed in Foster (2001).

Fisher,
George William. 2008. Long Island Medicine Bottles - a
Guide to Patent Medicine, Bitters, Sarsaparilla, Hair Product & Citrate Bottles
c. 1830-1920 from Brooklyn, Queens, Nassau, Suffolk Counties, New York. Privately
Published. A small (70 p.) book which is primarily a descriptive listing
(none pictured or illustrated) of the noted types of bottles from the noted area
with no accompanying historical information, though the author noted that a CD
with such information as well as images may be available later in 2012.
(This entry added 2/2012.)

Fletcher, Johnnie.
2006.
Oklahoma Bottles - 1889 to 1920.
Privately published. This and the other Fletcher books above (Kansas) and
below)
are examples of some of the excellent, well researched, regional books
available for a few areas. Both include good illustrations by the hundreds and
very useful historical information on many or most of the companies represented
by the listed bottles.

Foster, Daniel G.
(editor). 2001. Reference Manual and Study Guide for the CDF-CLFA
Archaeological Training Program for Registered Professional Foresters and Other
Resource Professionals. California Department of Forestry and Fire
Protection (CDF) and the California Licensed Foresters Association (CLFA). 2
Volumes, 1283 pages. Bottle identification and dating sections are on pages 587
through 671 which are a compilation of past works in this order: Fike (1998),
Rock (1990), and the Univ. of Utah/BLM/USFS IMACS guide (1992).

Fountain, John C. and Donald Colcleaser.
1969. Dictionary of Spirits and Whiskey Bottles. Ole Empty Bottle House
Publishing Company, Amador City, CA. Limited historical information though of
some use for liquor/spirits bottle typology due to the abundance of images.

Fowler, Ronald R.
1986.
Washington Sodas – The Illustrated History of Washington’s Soft Drink Industry.
Seattle History Company, Seattle, WA. Excellent (and only) source of
information on Washington State soda bottles with great history and
illustrations.

Fowler, Ron.
1988.
The Bottler’s Helper. Dolphin Point Writing Works, Seattle, WA. This
book is a facsimile reproduction of a Blumenthal Bros. 1907 book of the same
name which was designed as a “Helpful Hints” resource for soda water producers
in the early 20th century. It contains a wealth of information on
many related subjects.

Fowler,
Ronald R. 2006. (Third printing/Expansion/Rewrite; originally
published in 1984.)
Collecting Soda Pop Bottles.
Seattle History Company, Seattle, WA. Although the title implies this
could be a pure "collector" book, it is a great overview of all types of bottles
used for soda/mineral water, soda bottle closures, ways to research soda bottles
and their users, and much, much more. This book, along with all Ron's
books listed here, are highly recommended to archaeologists and collectors alike
for there excellent information and research.

Fox, H. C. & Sons.
(Undated; early 1900s). Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. H. C. Fox &
Sons Incorporated, Glass Manufacturers, Philadelphia, PA. Publisher
unknown. This is a full service bottle catalog which has a wide variety of
bottle types typical of the era.
A PDF copy of this catalog is available on this website, courtesy of the Corning
Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research Library, Corning, NY at the following
link:
Early 1900s H. C. Fox & Sons bottle catalog (4.7 mb). The Corning
Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Frederick Stearns & Co.
1886. Retail Druggist Diary and Want Book 1886. Frederick Stearns &
Co., Detroit, Mich. Fascinating catalog from a major late 19th
century wholesale druggist, patent medicine, and bulk herb producer and
distributor. Has illustrations of hundreds of bottled products which can assist
with the dating and particularly, the typing, of historic bottles. Also
includes information on hundreds of domestic and imported herbs – their
medicinal properties and uses, etc.

Freeman, Dr. Larry.
1964. Grand Old American Bottles. Century House, Watkins Glen, N.Y.
This book is packed with information, though the organization makes it often
difficult to use or to make full sense of – at least to the website author.
(Note: The
1903 Illinois Glass Company bottle catalog was also reprinted by Century House
in 1964 as a small supplement pamphlet to this book.)

Friedrich,
Warren B. 2010 (Also 2011 & 2012 revisions and re-printings).
Early Glassworks of California. Privately published, 301 pages
(2012 edition; previous editions were 235 & 274 pages respectively).
According to the author this book is "A comprehensive look at nineteenth
century glass making (primarily bottles) in California, from the first
glassworks to operate in 1859 to the demise of the largest glassworks in 1899,
including rare photographs of the glasswork's display of their wares."
No future editions or printings are planned according to the author, although a
few copies of the 2012 edition may still be available by contacting the author
at the following email:
warrenls6@sbcglobal.net

Gardner, Charles B. and J. Edmund Edwards.
1970. Collector’s Price Guide to Historical Bottles and Flasks. John
Edwards Publisher, Stratford, CN. Has some decent dating of
historical/pictorial flasks and early American glass.

Gerth, Ellen C.
2006. Bottles from the Deep – Patent Medicines, Bitters & Other Bottles from
the Wreck of the
Steamship Republic.
Shipwreck Heritage Press, Las Vegas, NV. Interesting, well illustrated book on
some of the bottles recovered from an October 1865 American shipwreck. These
type excavations, regardless of its commercial nature, still provide for an
excellent “snapshot in time” for bottle manufacturing features firmly tied to a
specific timeframe.

Giarde, Jeffery L.
1989 (2nd printing). Glass Milk Bottles: Their Makers and Marks. L. G.
Enterprises, Redlands, CA. Excellent reference on the dating of milk bottles
using makers marks and other features. Giarde's work compliments Toulouse's
1971 book and is an excellent source of dating and glassmaker information for
many other types of bottles beyond just milk bottles. Originally published in
1980, it was printed again in 1989. Book still available (2003) from L. G.
Enterprises (Leigh Giarde - author's wife) at P.O. Box 2243, Redlands, CA.
92373. The following
overview is from Lockhart (2004i):

Giarde specialized in milk
bottles and addressed 201 marks used on them. He followed the style used by
Toulouse, cataloging the marks alphabetically. Along with dates and historical
information, he also discussed specific points about milk bottle manufacture
that was not pertinent to other containers produced by the same company. He
frequently listed marks not found in Toulouse along with the presence/absence of
date codes and other marks specific to each company. He provided an especially
comprehensive look at milk bottles produced by the Owens-Illinois Glass Co. In a
second section, Giarde addressed other marks (e.g. REGISTERED SEALED 1-1114) and
how to interpret them, pyroglazing (the applied color labeling used after 1933),
war slogans, patent numbers, other dating elements, and color. Giarde’s dates
are frequently obtained empirically and are generally accurate, although he
occasionally included marks and/or dates taken directly from Toulouse or
Peterson. This is an excellent reference for anyone seeking
information on milk bottles and their marks.

Graci, David.
1995. American Stoneware Bottles; A History and Study. Calem
Publishing, South Hadley, MA.

Greenspan, Robert
E.
2006. Medicine: Perspectives in History and Art. Ponteverde Press,
Alexandria, VA. This is a monumental (both physically and in content) work on
the history of medicine, lavishly illustrated with beautiful color plates
throughout. Of interest to this websites goals is the chapter on “Pharmacy”
which covers medicine and has some interesting bottles and related advertising
illustrated. This book is available at this website: http://www.medicalhistoryandart.com

Griffenhagen,
George and James Harvey Young.
1992. Old English Patent Medicine in America.
From “Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology”, United States
National Museum Bulletin 218, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., pages
155-183. Excellent, nicely illustrated history of medicines – and their
containers – which were imported into North America from Colonial days until the
20th century. (Also reprinted in the journal “Pharmacy in History”
Vol. 34(4):200-230 [1992]).

Griffenhagen,
George and Mary Bogard.
1999. History of Drug Containers and Their Labels. Published by the
American Institute of the History of Pharmacy (AIHP), Madison, Wisconsin.
Exceptionally good
historical overview of druggist/pharmaceutical and related bottles. This
book may be acquired from used book services on the internet without too much
trouble.

Griffenhagen,
George.
2002. 150 Years of Caring – A Pictorial History of the American
Pharmaceutical Association. American Pharmaceutical Association,
Washington, D.C. Although this book is primarily about what the title implies
– history of APA - it does contain some interesting historical information,
although nothing as significant as that found in Griffenhagens’ 1999 book.

Gusfield, Joseph R.
1970 (originally published in 1963). Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and
the American Temperance Movement. University of Illinois Press, Urbana,
Chicago, and London. Fascinating study of the roots of the Temperance movement
which eventually led to National Prohibition between 1920 and 1933.

Hagerty Brothers &
Co.
1898. Hagerty Brothers & Co. New York 1898.
Bottle catalog issued by this company in 1898 and, like all bottle catalogs, an
excellent source of information on late 19th century bottle types.

Hamilton, W. H. Company.
1898. Illustrated Catalog and Prices Current. Official Western List of W. H.
Hamilton Company, Manufacturers of Flint Glass Vials and Bottles. Pittsburg,
PA., Works: Charleroi, PA. February 1st 1898. Bottle catalog
issued by the Hamilton Company in the noted year presumably for the Western
American market. Like all of these period catalogs it is an excellent source of
information.

Harmer Rooke
Numismatists.
1988. The Samuel J. Greer Collection of Pontiled Medicine Bottles.
Harmer Rooke Numismatists, Ltd., New York. Though an auction catalog, it is an
excellent source of information and pictures of over 1800 pontiled American
medicine bottles from the first half of the 19th century.

Hartman, Don. Date?Bottles
& Jugs - With a York
Pennsylvania Perspective.
Rosenmiller Publishing, York, Pennsylvania. 152 pages, well illustrated with
photos, excellent biographies and short histories of this Pennsylvania town
producers and their products. (Information from an internet listing.)

Haunton,
Thomas C. 2011. Last Links to the Past - 20th Century
South Jersey Glass, Volume 1 - Clevenger Brothers. Jerseyana,
Wilmington, MA., Printed by Odyssey Press, Gonic, NH. This is a very well
researched and illustrated (most in color) book on the Clevenger Brothers
(Clayton, NJ) who produced bottles and other glassware using old hand or
mouth-blown methods from about 1930 until closure in August 1999. A very
interesting book and useful reference for ascertaining Clevenger reproductions
from earlier originals - both bottles and other glassware. Copies of this
book may be available by contacting the author at:
tchaunton@comcast.net

Hawkins, Jay W. 2009.
Glasshouses & Glass Manufacturers of the Pittsburgh Region 1795-1910. iUniverse,
Inc., Bloomington, IN. This is an exceptionally well researched, well
illustrated, and comprehensive book on the glass makers of the noted region
which was one of the major production areas for bottles in the U. S.

Hawley, Greg.
1998. Treasure in a Cornfield – The Discovery and Excavation of the
Steamboat Arabia. Paddle Wheel Publishing, Kansas City, MO. Book about the
salvaging of this steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1856. It
contained an assortment of era bottle though not as many as the SS Bertrand
or Republic.

Heckler, Norman C.
1975. American Bottles in the Charles B. Gardner Collection at Unreserved
Public Auction. Robert W. Skinner, Inc., Bolton, MA. Though an auction
catalog, this describes and pictures bottles from one of the best collections
that ever existed – specializing in bitters and historical (or figured) flasks.

Heetderks, Dr. Dewey R.
2002. Merchants of Medicine: Nostrum Peddlers – Yesterday and Today.
Drukker Press, Grand Rapids, MI. Nicely done “coffee table” type book with
a wealth of full color pictures and information on the history of American
patent medicines.

Herskovitz, Robert M.
1978.
Fort Bowie
Material Culture.
Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona #31, University of Arizona
Press, Tucson, AZ. Contains some very useful
information on historic bottles from the era of the forts occupation (1862-1894)
based on the thousands of glass items excavated at the fort. Also
contains a good section on ceramics as well as many other items found at this
famous fort. The
following overview is from Lockhart (2004i):

Herskovitz only presented a
short discussion (pages 7-11) about manufacturer’s marks – and only those
associated with beer bottles. However, his disagreement with some of Toulouse’s
attributions and the assertion of alternative explanations makes this a
worthwhile addition to a research library. On pages 8 and 9, Herskovitz offered
a table of 76 marks found at Fort Bowie (1862-1894) that included the base
marks, the number of bottles or bases on which each mark was found, additional
letters/numbers accompanying the marks, name of the manufacturer (where known),
and date ranges. Many of his attributions, however, came from Toulouse.

Hoenig, Russ.
2006. One Hundred Years of Glass Blowing in Clarion, PA. 1906-2006,
Volume One, "The Pearl Glass Company". Privately Published.
Nicely done history with illustrations about this long lived glass maker which
operated under several ownerships.

Holabird, Fred and Jack Haddock.
1979 (2nd in 1981). The
Nevada Bottle Book.
Privately published. Like many of the better done “regional” bottle books,
Holabird’s Nevada bottle book is a great tool for the dating of bottles because
of the research on the specific companies that is included. Books like this
help establish the background of specific information that allows for the dating
of similar bottles elsewhere for which no dating references exist.

This two volume set is a significant update to the Nevada book noted
above by one of the original authors. As with Farnsworth & Walthall
(2011) recent "Bottled in Illinois" book (discussed earlier)
these well
referenced Nevada books have high
quality, full color images & illustrations and a wealth of descriptive (and
entertaining!) historical information on Nevada bottles and users making
this a "must have" book set for archaeologists and collectors, even if not
particularly interested in the specific region.
Hardbound versions of these large (350 & 479 pages, respectively) books are currently available from the
author at a very reasonable price ($25 & $40, respectively). Contact him at:
Fred Holabird, 701 Gold Run Ct., Reno, NV. 89511.

Holcombe, Henry W.
1979. Patent Medicine Tax Stamps. Quarterman Publications, Inc.,
Lawrence, MS. Good historical information on 137 proprietary medicine companies
that used private die medicine stamps. This includes Hostetter’s Bitters,
Lyon’s Kathairon, Kelly’s Bitters, New York Pharmaceutical
Company, Rumford, and many more. This book is a compilation of
Holcombe’s articles published in the 1930s and 1940s, though it is now out of
print and relatively hard to find now.

Holiner, Richard.
1986. Collecting Barber Bottles. Collector Books, Paducah, KY. Nicely
done book on the subject of barber bottles which were some of the most colorful
of all mouth-blown (some machine-made) bottles. Includes an historical overview
of the subject and exceptional full color pictures of many different examples.

Horner, Roy C. 1985
(Reprint of the 1969 printing).Tempo
and the Glass Folks of South
Jersey.
Gloucester County Historical Society, New Jersey. Thought a bit disorganized,
this softbound book contains some great information on New Jersey glass making,
including a plethora of black and white photos and illustrations, including some
great glasshouse pictures. (According to Horner, Tempo was the
glassblower’s term for their “coffee break”, or more precisely, the time not
glassblowing since they were paid by the item.)

Hotchkiss, John F. and Joan H. Cassidy.
1971. Bottle Collecting Manual with Prices. Hotchkiss House,
Rochester, N.Y.
Essentially a listing of bottles with highly out-of-date prices with little in
the way of historical information on the listed items.

Howe,
John.
1967. Antique Whiskey Bottles. Privately published, San Jose, CA. A small
and out of date book that is primarily a price/rarity guide of Western whiskey
bottles.

Huggins, Phillip K. 1997
(revision of 1971 book). The South Carolina
Dispensary: A Bottle Collector's Atlas and History of the System.
Sandlapper Press Co., Inc., Columbia, SC. Excellent history of the South
Carolina state run monopoly on liquor sales from 1893 to 1907 and the myriad of
bottles produced by the “system”. (Still in print 2003)

Hughey, Karen.
1972. A Price Guide to Old Infants Nursing Bottles. Privately
published. As the title indicates this book is an obsolete price guide to
nursing bottles, though it does have a few interesting advertisements reproduced
that could be of some interest.

Hume, Ivor Noel.
1991 (earlier and later printings also). A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial
America.
Vintage Books, Random House, New York. This classic book has several
informative and useful chapters on glass (and pottery) bottles including an
illustrated time series of primarily English-made wine/spirits bottles from 1652
to 1834 and some good illustrations (with dates) of early pharmaceutical
bottles.

Hunter, Frederick
W.
1950. Stiegel Glass. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, NY. A well
illustrated and updated (with additional information from Helen McKearin) work
that was originally published in 1914. Hunter’s book on Stiegel is one of the
earliest historical works on American glass on one of the earliest American
glassmakers of the 18th century and includes excellent information on
early glass blowing and manufacture.

Illinois Glass Co.
1903. Illustrated Catalogue and Price List, Illinois Glass Company.
Illinois Glass Co., Alton, IL. Original used for this website, though the
1903-04 catalog was also reprinted by Collector Books, Paducah, Kentucky in the
1970’s or 1980’s. The reprint is a quality reproduction of the original catalog
showing the hundreds of different bottle styles and designs in production at
that time, which would primarily be mouth-blown (some semi-automatic production
of wide-mouth items) though nearing the end of that era. (Note: The 1903 IGCo.
bottle catalog was also reprinted by Century House in 1964 as a small supplement
pamphlet to Dr. Larry Freeman’s book “Grand Old American Bottles.”)

Illinois Glass Co.
1906. Illustrated Catalogue and Price List, Illinois Glass Company.
Illinois Glass Co., Alton, IL. Original used for this website and to our
knowledge this catalog has never been reprinted. Like the 1903-04 catalog this
one shows the hundreds of different bottle styles and designs in production at
that time and is primarily mouth-blown items. This entire catalog is
reproduced and available on this website at this link: 1906
Illinois Glass Co. bottle catalog

Now available
(April 2014) is a large (122+ MB) downloadable PDF file of the above 1906
Illinois Glass Co. bottle catalog as one fully indexed file!
Click on the following link to download and view this file, compliments of
a user of this website that combined all the individual page scans from
the above linked page into this one file: 1906 Illinois Glass Company bottle catalog

Illinois Glass Co.
1908. Illustrated Catalogue and Price List, Illinois Glass Company.
Illinois Glass Co., Alton, IL. Original used for this website and this one has
also never been reprinted to our knowledge. Like the earlier one above, this
catalog shows the hundreds of different bottle styles and designs in production
at that time which is right at near the end of the mouth-blown bottle production
and just before the I. G. Co. began automatic machine production in 1910-11
(Miller & McNichol 2002).

Illinois Glass Co.
1911.
Illustrated Catalogue and Price List, Illinois Glass Company.
Illinois Glass Co., Alton, IL. Original used for this website. (The 1911
IGCo. catalog was also reprinted by H. E. Putnam though the date of the catalog
is not noted anywhere in that reprint; see “Putnam, H. E. 1965. Bottle
Identification” listed below.)

Illinois Glass Co.
1919-1920. Diamond “I” Products – General Catalog “A”. Illinois Glass
Co., Alton, IL. An original was used for this website and no modern reprints
are known. This catalog is undated, but notes that the “new” carboy factory at
Alton was completed January 1, 1919. It also does not list the Bridgeton,
NJ plant which was acquired on April 13th, 1920. It is full of great information for the era right when
the automatic bottle machine was dominant, though some specialty bottles were
still being mouth-blown (perfume bottles & shop furniture in particular). This entire catalog is now reproduced and available on this
website at this link:
1920 Illinois Glass Co. bottle catalog

Illinois Glass Co.
1926. Diamond “I” Products – General Catalog “B”. Illinois Glass Co.,
Alton, IL. An original was used for this website and no modern reprints are
known. This is another undated IGCo. catalog that is primarily of machine-made
bottles. However, a notice/book review in the National Glass Budget
("Illinois Glass Co. Scores." N.G.B. 42[14]:14) July 31st, 1926) – a trade
publication - announced it as "just issued."
This entire catalog is now reproduced and available on this website at this
link:
1926 Illinois Glass Co. bottle catalog

Jones, J. L.
1972. Soda and Mineral Water Bottles. Palmetto Enterprises, Greer, S.C.
Contains photos (and some history and estimated dating) of “over 2000 varieties”
of soda/mineral water bottles with an emphasis on late 19th to mid-20th
century bottles, including lots of ACL sodas. An interesting book.

Jones, May.
1961 to 1968. The Bottle Trail, Vol. 1-9. Chalfant Press, Bishop, CA.
& Southwest Offset, Hereford, TX. Though somewhat haphazard in organization,
this series of booklets contain a wealth of excellent information on a host of
different bottles and related subjects, especially glass makers and their
marks. Ms. Jones was a friend of Dr. Julian Toulouse and they collaborated on
makers mark research. The
following overview is from Lockhart (2004i):

May Jones is one of the true
pioneers of bottle research. Despite her isolation in the small town of Nara
Vista, New Mexico, she built a network of bottle collectors that extended
throughout the United States and included such noteworthy researchers as Grace
Kendrick, author of The Antique Bottle Collector, itself a pioneer work in the
field often cited by archaeologists and collectors and Julian Harrison Toulouse,
reviewed later in this bibliography. She wrote a total of nine lengthy
newsletters between September 1961 and February 1968. Because she was
unlettered, rural, and wrote in a rambling, colloquial style, many dismiss her
work. They are foolish. Jones collected information from her vast network of
collectors, wrote numerous letters to glass houses, breweries, food packagers,
and others connected with glass containers. She was an inveterate reader and
shared her knowledge freely.

Volume 3 of The Bottle Trail was her first look at manufacturer’s marks. At this
point, she made no attempt to be comprehensive but illustrated a number of marks
along with her comments about them including a letter from a Mr. Caroll of
Anheuser Busch giving his opinions about marks that may have appeared on bottles
used by that company.

Volume 5. By 1965, Jones produced her first tables of manufacturer’s
marks. She included very few dates at that point but satisfied herself by
attempting to match marks with factories. In this volume, she was also the first
to illustrate the Owens-Illinois Glass Co. mark and correctly identify the
meanings of the accompanying numbers by reproducing a six-page letter from
Toulouse.

Volume 6. In Volume 6, Jones began to make a serious contribution. She produced
two tables, one of older marks (mostly from beer bottles), the other of more
recent logos. The newer table identified 85 marks with appropriate companies,
although she added very few dates. The older table, however, included
illustrations, company identification, and frequent dates for 38 marks along
with several variations. Her illustrations were excellent and contained details
often missing from archaeological reports and collectors’ literature. Many of
the dates were remarkably close to those used by Toulouse and ones we have
subsequently discovered.

Volume 9. Jones’ final effort, Volume 9, concentrated on the marks shown in her
older table from Volume 6 but presented all the information she had been able to
amass. In some cases, the information was quite impressive for the time. It
included information I have still not found in any other source. She produced,
for example, a large volume of information on the Missouri Glass Co., including
city directory data that placed the factory in business continuously from 1859
to 1911. Toulouse completely ignored this information when compiling his data
for the M. G. Co. mark found on beer bottles from the 1880-1900 period. After
Volume 9, however, Jones faded into obscurity.

Jones, Olive R.
1986. Cylindrical English Wine and Beer Bottles, 1735-1850. National
Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. (Also produced
in a French version.) This book is an excellent source of information on the
dating and classifying of early English liquor and beer bottles; the best the
author has found on the subject. In addition, the book contains one of the best
discussions on the timeframe that pontil rods gave way to snap or snap case
tools. The entire book is now available as a pdf file on the
Society for Historical Archaeology website at this link:
Cylindrical English Wine and Beer Bottles - English.pdf

Jones, Olive R. and
E. Ann Smith.
1985. Glass of the British Military ca. 1755 to 1820. National Historic
Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
(Also produced in a French version.) Another very interesting and useful book
that covers bottles (and other glassware) used in Canada and the U. S. during
the period near the beginning (and just prior) of that covered by this website.
As the title implies, the slant of the book is towards items used by the British
Military during several wartime periods. This entire book is also now available
as a pdf file on the Society for Historical Archaeology website at this link:
Glass of the British Military -
English.pdf

Jones,
Olive and Catherine Sullivan.
1989
(Revision of the 1985 version). The Parks Canada Glass
Glossary for the Description of Containers, Tableware, Flat Glass, and Closures.
Studies in Archaeology, Architecture, and History. National Historic Parks and
Sites Branch, Parks Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. (Also produced in a French
version.) This is an exceptional work, which to quote from the introduction is
“…intended as a reference tool for people inventorying, cataloguing,
researching, and discussing glass artifacts, specifically containers, tableware,
closures, and flat glass. It provides guidance on terminology, measurements to
take, and attributes to describe…” In a sense, this is a Canadian version
of the IMACS (University of Utah 1992) guide. Although Canadian in origin, this work
is highly applicable to bottles produced in the U.S. This entire book is also
now available as a pdf file on the Society for Historical Archaeology website at
this link:
Parks Canada Glass Glossary - English.pdf

Kaiser,
Joan E. 2009. The Glass Industry in South Boston.
University Press of New England, Lebanon, NH. This is another recent high
quality, well illustrated (exceptional color photographs), scholarly and well
researched book. Although covering a relatively narrow geographical area,
South Boston was of outsized importance in the realm of glassmaking in the 19th
century. Besides the historical information for the various glass
companies in the area, it includes some good general information on mouth-blown
bottle production as well as other types of glassware including plate glass.

Kearns-Gorsuch
Bottle Company.
1916. Illustrated Catalog of Packers’ Ware – Machine Made and Hand Blown,
Issue of 1916-1917. The Kearns-Gorsuch Bottle Co., Zanesville, OH.
Comprehensive “transition era” (mouth-blown to machine-made, though dominated by
the latter) catalog that covers
a wide array and depth of different bottle styles with some distinct emphasis on
food related bottles, i.e., “packers’ ware.”
This entire catalog is now reproduced and available on this website at this link
(individual page scans):
1916-1917 Kearns-Gorsuch Bottle Co. catalog

Thanks to the efforts of a kind user of
this website the entire array of scans of the
1916-1917 KGBCo. catalog have been put together
into one single, downloadable PDF file! It
is 90 MB's in size so may take a while to
download and view depending on the speed of your
internet connection.
It is available at this link: Complete 1916-1917
Kearns-Gorsuch Bottle Co.
catalog

Kendrick, Grace.
1963. The Antique Bottle Collector. Western Printing & Publishing Co.,
Sparks, NV. Several editions and many printings. Though small, this is one of
the most often quoted bottle books. All of Kendrick's’ books have some excellent
information in them, but unfortunately she also began some misconceptions that
are still with us today, including the famous “bottle side seam as dating
thermometer” myth.

Ketchum, William C. Jr.
1975. A Treasury of American Bottles. Bobbs-Merrill, New York. Like
Munsey’s book The Illustrated Guide to Collecting Bottles, this book is
a good overview of bottles, bottle manufacturing, bottle collecting, and
different bottle types.

Kingsley, Sean A. (Editor). 2018.
Voices from the Deep - The British Raj & Battle of the Atlantic in World War II.
The Undertow Press, London, England. An interesting book about
the SS Gairsoppa - an English ship which was sunk by a German U-Boat in the
North Atlantic in February of 1941 - and of its discovery (15,000' deep!) and
partial salvage in recent times. Of interest to users of this website is
the chapter on the recovery and analysis of period bottles from the wreck
although the entire book is a fascinating read. A search of the internet
for the book using the title name will take one to the websites (like Amazon)
that sell the book.

Klamkin, Marian.
1971. The Collector’s Book of Bottles. Dodd, Mead & Company, New York.
In the style of Munsey (1970) and Ketchum (1975), this book is an overview of
bottles from a general collector’s point of view with some information on
manufacturing, a fair amount of history, and good black and white pictures.

Knapp, Matt.
2012. Antique American Medicine Bottles - Collectors Reference & Price
Guide. Privately published, Frederick, MD. This
massive work on American (some foreign items) embossed medicine bottles includes
many thousands of listings (including variations), hundreds of b&w images and
dated advertising illustrations for the products which is helpful with the
dating of them. This work may certainly be of interest to archaeologists
(possible fragment identification) and collectors alike. This book is
available from the author at this link:
http://www.antiquemedicines.com/BottleBook2012.htm Matt's website home
page is available at this link:
http://www.antiquemedicines.com/

Knittle,
Rhea Mansfield. 1927. Early American Glass.
Appleton-Century, New York. The following short overview is from Lockhart
(2004i): Knittle’s work is the
earliest attempt at manufacturer’s mark classification I have been able to find.
The marks she addressed were almost all from the 19th century. On pages 441-442,
she noted 46 marks arranged in alphabetical order in three columns that listed
the marks, the manufacturing company, and the city of location. Knittle made no
attempt to date the marks, and, like most of these early works, she made no
attempt to cite her sources.

Knox
Glass Associates, Inc.
Undated (ca. 1950). The Knox Line of Miscellaneous Glass Containers.
Knox Glass Associates, Inc., Oil City, PA. Another bottle makers catalog that
is undated but the bottle styles reflect the 1950’s. These type catalogs are
useful for general dating and style trends and for determining the names that
glass makers used for different bottle styles.

Kroll, Wayne L.
1976. Badger Breweries: Past and Present. Privately published,
Jefferson, WI. Well researched and extensive history of Wisconsin breweries and
their bottles, including the embossing pattern, base marks, photos of the
breweries, and much more. Although narrow in scope (just Wisconsin
pre-Prohibition beer bottles), this is a great regional historical work though
long out of print.

Kulasiewicz, Frank.
1974. Glassblowing. Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, NY. Well
done “how-to” book on the subject of glassmaking and glassblowing primarily for
an art glass perspective, but much of it does have direct applicability to
hand-made bottle making processes. Includes a nice series of photos showing
free-blowing.

Kyte,
David L.
2005. Early Utah
Soda Bottles.
Privately published. Very nicely done book and the only work on the subject.
Includes color pictures and good history of the soda bottles and includes some
useful maker’s mark information.
Information about acquiring this book is available via Hutchbook.com at the
following link:
http://www.hutchbook.com/Collecting%20Bottle%20Books%20UT/Default.htm

Lacour, Pierre.
1868. The Manufacture of Liquors, Wines, and Cordials Without the Aid of
Distillation. Also the Manufacture of Effervescing Beverages and Syrups,
Vinegar, and Bitters Prepared and Arranged Expressly for the Trade. Dick &
Fitzgerald, Publishers, New York. Apparently originally published in 1853,
there were several later editions. Pierre Lacour (originally “of Bordeaux”)
was the proprietor of the New Orleans based “Lacour’s Chemical Works” which
produced many of the flavorings that are suggested in the book to produce all
these products without the “aid of distillation” (i.e., the products were
flavored neutral spirits, the base most of the recipes in the book). A
fascinating work that gives great insight into the formulas of many alcoholic
and non-alcoholic bottled products popular in the mid-19th century.
(Note: The website authors copy of this book has an 1875 “San Francisco”
recipe for making 26 gallons of “…the renowned I. X. L. Bitters” penned
in ink in the back of the book!)

Lamb
Glass Company.
Undated (ca. 1945-50). The Milk Bottle. Lamb Glass
Company, Mount Vernon, OH. This is catalog of many different style of milk
bottles produced by the company. It is undated but appears to be a of mid to
late 1940s to possibly early 1950s vintage as it still offered plate mold
“common sense” type milk bottles.

Levine, D. &
G. Undated (approx. 2010). The Owl Drug Co. Handbook Volume 1.
Privately published. This book does have some history of the company and
its products (pages 11-23) although the book is primarily a grouping of variable
quality b&w and color images of various bottles and other non-bottle items
sold by the company and their rarity. (3/2012 update: According an email
from the authors, Vol. 2 is now out and "...primarily
covers documentation, pictures, some advertising, a chapter on the contributions
of the company as well as other items all of which are related to the Owl Drug
Company of San Francisco." )

Leybourne, Douglass M. Jr.
2001. The Collector’s Guide to Old
Fruit Jars – Red Book 9. Privately published. Primarily an illustrated listing (and value
guide) of all known fruit jars with some information on morphology, a glossary,
and estimated manufacturing dates. Essentially this is the price guide to
Creswick (1987) as it is based on the same numbering system with the same
excellent Howard Creswick illustrations...and is still in print. (NOTE: As
of 2010, there is a new and updated version of this book - Red Book 10.)

Libbey Glass Company.
1937 (or a bit earlier). Libbey Premium Catalog. Libbey
Glass Company, Owens-Illinois Glass Co., Toledo, OH. This is a catalog of
assorted glassware including items using the relatively new (first in 1933 or
1934) ACL (Applied Color Labeling) process. It also includes a wide array
of other glassware including ashtrays, various container sets, refrigerator
bottles, salt/pepper shakers, glass rolling pins, coasters and more. This
catalog has an October 1937 price list in the back which is 3-ring punch holed
indicating that the catalog itself could be a year or two earlier with the
prices updated? The entire catalog - which is possibly of more use to
non-bottle researchers - is available at the following link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/1937LibbeyGlasswarecatalog.pdf
(Catalog PDF file courtesy of Bob Brown, San Diego, CA.)

Lindsey, Bessie M.1967. American Historical Glass. Charles E. Tuttle
Co., Publishers, Rutland, Vermont. This book contains some interesting
history on a large variety of non-bottle glassware but does includes scores of
bottles including figured flasks, figural bottles, and other miscellaneous
bottle with some type of historical or political connections. It also
usefully includes the background behind an assortment of early to mid-20th
century "fantasy" type bottles that resemble and imitated (often loosely) 19th
century items but were made much later.

Lockhart, Bill and Wanda
Olszewski. 1993. The El Paso Coliseum Collection: A
Study of 20th Century Bottles. The County of El Paso, Texas and the
University of Texas at El Paso, Permit #1251, Texas Antiquities Commission.
An analysis of bottle found during the excavation for a new coliseum in El Paso.
Has some interesting bottle dating and glass maker information on the bottles
which date from the early 1900s.

Lockhart, Bill.
2010. Bottles on the Border: The History and Bottles of the Soft Drink
Industry in El
Paso, Texas, 1881-2000.
Privately published "web-book." This is an
exceptional web based "book" that covers soda bottles over a wide expanse of time.
Though specific to the soda bottles of El Paso, it has nationwide
application in that many of the bottlers in 20th century El Paso were
franchises spread throughout the country (e.g. Dr. Pepper, 7-Up, Coca-Cola) and
the type bottles used in most areas closely parallels the usage in Texas. The
“book” also has great background information on bottle manufacture, maker’s marks,
ACL’s, etc.

This book is now
available ONLY ON THIS WEBSITE as a series of copyrighted (2010) .pdf files which may be printed out
to make your own book for no cost...thanks Bill!

Lockhart,
Bill. 2011a. The Beer Bottles and Breweries at Fort
Stanton, New Mexico. Privately published. This well illustrated
book includes information on the subject noted in the title but also has copious
amounts of information on the makers markings most often found on late 19th to
early 20th century beer bottles. The book also includes two additional
sections on an analysis of what mold numbers on beer bottles may (or may not)
mean and an interesting overview specifically about the Biedermann-RufleyBrewery located near Fort Stanton.
This softbound book is available for sale via
www.Lulu.com (search using "Bill Lockhart").

Lockhart, Bill. 2011b. The Dairies and Milk Bottles of Otero County, New Mexico.
Privately published. Bill Lockhart
(NMSU - Alamogordo) and a member of our
Bottle Research Group has recently published this book on the history of milk bottles in Otero County, New Mexico.
Though regional in intent, this work contains a substantial amount of information of much broader
interest and utility including some general information on the dating of milk
bottles. This copyrighted work is available for sale as a softbound
book via
www.Lulu.com (search using "Bill Lockhart") or as a series of updated
(2011) .pdf files which may be saved or printed out to make your own book for no
cost...thanks Bill!

Lockhart, Bill.
2011c. Soda Bottles and Bottling at Alamogordo, New Mexico.
Privately published.
Bill Lockhart
(University of New Mexico - Alamogordo) and a member of our
Bottle Research Group has recently published this book on the history of
soda bottles and bottling in Alamogordo, New Mexico. Though regional in
intent, as with all his books, this one also contains information
with broader relevance on the manufacture and dating of soda bottles.
This copyrighted work is available for sale as a softbound book via
www.Lulu.com (search using "Bill Lockhart") or as a series of updated
(2011) .pdf files which may be saved or printed out to make your own book for no
cost...thanks Bill!

Lockhart, Bill.
2012. Breweries and Beer Bottles at El Paso, Texas.
Privately published. This book is THE book on the subject noted
by the title - the more than a century of brewing history in El Paso.
Profusely illustrated with black & white photos it is a comprehensive history
(about 450 pages!) of El Paso brewers and their bottles (and cans).
This softbound book is available for sale via
www.Lulu.com (search using "Bill Lockhart").

Lockhart, Bill and Zang Wood.
2013. The Remarkable T. L. Reber; Soda Bottles and Bottling in the Black
Range and Silver City, New Mexico. Privately published. Great
historical work on soda bottlers - and their bottles - in SW New Mexico during
the late 1800s into the early 1900s.
This softbound book is available for sale via
www.Lulu.com (search using "Bill Lockhart").

Lockhart, Bill. 2015. El Paso
Prescription Bottles, the Drug Stores That Used Them and Other Non-Beverage
Bottles. Privately published.
Bill Lockhart (University of New Mexico - Alamogordo) and a member of our
Bottle Research Group has recently published this book on the history of
El Paso prescription (aka "druggist", pharmacy" or drug store) bottles. Though regional in
intent, as with all his books, this one also contains information
with broader relevance on the manufacture, dating and typology of druggist
bottles.
This softbound book is available for sale via
www.Lulu.com (search using "Bill Lockhart").

Lockhart, Bill, Bill Lindsey, Beau
Schriever, and Carol Serr. 2012. New
Insights from the Bottles Excavated at the Fort Riley Hospital Privy.
Privately published by Bill Lockhart & the Bottle Research Group. This
well illustrated work highlights the recent reanalysis of hundreds of bottles
and bottle fragments systematically excavated in 1984 from a large privy at Fort
Riley, KS. used from the late 1850s into the 1890s. The reanalysis
resulted in the identification of several previously unattributed makers
markings as well as provided a significant amount of information to affirm and
refine many of the concepts and dating guidelines found on this site.
This copyrighted work is available for sale as a softbound
book via
www.Lulu.com (search using "Bill Lockhart") or as a free,
downloadable .pdf file which may be saved or printed out to make your own book
for no cost! The file is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FortRileyReport2012.pdf

Lockhart, Bill and Michael R. Miller.
2007. The Bottles, Marks, and History of the Southwestern Coca-Cola
Bottling
Co., New Mexico and Arizona,
1917-1947. Another
exceptional regional work focused nominally on a narrow field of historic
bottles (SW American Coca-Cola bottles) but with much broader utility due to the
extensive discussion of 20th century bottle makers and maker’s marks.
This softbound book is available for sale via
www.Lulu.com (search using "Bill Lockhart").

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz
and Al Morin. 2017. Milk Bottle Seals -
The Other Manufacturer's Marks. Privately
e-published by Bill Lockhart. "Milk
bottle seals" were an embossed designation on milk bottles during the first half
of the 20th century which were required by several states as affirmation or
guarantee of a standardized measure for the contents. They are
useful for the dating of milk bottles, especially in hand with the glass makers
markings. This fully illustrated e-book is now
available ONLY ON THIS WEBSITE as a series of copyrighted (2017) pdf files which may be printed out
to make your own book for no cost...thanks Bill!

Lohmann, Watson M.
1972. Whitney Glass Works Illustrated Catalog and Price List with Historical
Notes 1900-1918. Privately published. This is a reprint of a 1904 Whitney
Glass Works bottle catalog with additional historical notes and photos from the
1900-1918 period. A very useful little book about that glass company and
bottles styles right before the Owens machine was licensed.

Love,
Ed.
1983.
Colorado Breweries: A Historical Review based on Colorado State Business
Directories, City Directories, and other Sources.
Albacor, Colorado Springs, CO.

Lucas
County Bottle Co.
Undated (likely 1940’s or early 1950’s). Catalog of OnIzed Glass Containers.
Lucas County Bottle Co., Toledo, OH. Catalog of the array of bottles produced
by the Owens-Illinois Glass Company and being offered by what appears to be a
distributor.

Lyman, George D.
1934. The Saga of the
Comstock Lode.
Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. Excellent historical work about Virginia
City, Nevada during the earlier days (1849-1865) prior to the “Big Bonanza.”

Markota, Peck and Audie.
1994. Western Blob Top Soda and Mineral Water Bottles – Second Edition.
Privately published (revised version of the original 1971 and 1972 printings). This is THE book on the subject including great
historical information on the noted bottles. A must have if you have an
interest in Western American mouth-blown soda bottles.

Markota, Peck and Audie.
1999. A Look at
California Hutchinson Type Soda Bottles.
Privately Published, Sacramento, CA. Same basic comment as Markota’s other
book – a must have if one is interested in the history of Western American
mouth-blown Hutchinson soda bottles.

Martin, Byron and Vicky.
1973. Here’s to Beers – Blob Top Beer Bottles 1880-1910.
Privately published. This book is a picture guide to primarily Californian
beer bottles with little or no history on most of the bottles listed. It is of
some use in the identification of Western beer bottles or fragments.

McCoy, Doug.
2009. The Coca-Cola Bottle – A History of Returnable Bottles in the
United States with Quick Reference Guide.
Privately published, Marietta, GA. This is an excellent and succinct guide to
Coke bottles with scores of full color illustrations
of bottles from the initiation of the company in the 1890s to date.

McGuire, Eric.
(date unknown). The Old San Francisco Directory of Liquors 1865-1915.
Publisher unknown. We have never seen a copy of this booklet, but it reportedly
has great business directory derived information on San Francisco liquor dealers
which would be very useful for the dating of San Francisco liquor bottles – the
Western city responsible for the most early liquor bottles of any west of the
Mississippi.

McKearin, George S. and Helen McKearin.
1941. American Glass. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. Several later
editions and many printings. (The 1948 edition was actually referenced in the
preparation of this website.) This is also an exceptional work on the subject,
though from the perspective of bottles, the later McKearin & Wilson (1978) book
is superior.

McKearin, George S. and Helen McKearin.
1949. Two Hundred Years of American Blown Glass. Crown Publishers,
Inc., New York.

McKearin, Helen.
1953. The Story of American Historical Flasks. The Corning Museum of
Glass, Corning Glass Center, Corning, New York. This small book (70 pages) has
some good historical information on American figured flasks, but is dwarfed by
the information in McKearin & Wilson (1978).

McKearin, Helen.
1970. Bottles, Flasks and Dr. Dyott. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York.
Excellent coverage of the bottles from Dyottville Glass Works and the history
around that company and its founder.

McKearin, Helen and Kenneth M. Wilson.
1978. American Bottles & Flasks and Their Ancestry. Crown Publishers,
Inc., New York. Exceptional reference book on the history of primarily eastern
American bottles, techniques, glassmakers, etc. during the 18th and
19th centuries. A must have for serious students of American
bottles.

McNeal, Violet.
1947. Four White Horses and a Brass Band. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden
City, N.Y. Insider account of the patent medicine and medicine show business
from a medicine show con-woman.

McPhee, Steven R.
2008. A Guide to Collecting Old Bermuda Bottles. Privately published.
Small but interesting book on bottles found in Bermuda – primarily from the
ocean surrounding this island. It also includes some bottle making and typology
history. The bottles portrayed and discussed favor – not surprisingly –
English/European made items, though it has American made bottles also.
Available at www.booksurge.com

Meigh, Edward. 1972. The Story of the Glass Bottle.
C. E. Ramsden & Co. Ltd., Stoke-On-Trent, England. This short book
provides a quite useful overview of the manufacturing history of bottles by a
well informed English glass engineer (I believe).

Merritt, Christopher L.
2010. "The Coming Man From Canton" - Chinese Experience in Montana.
Doctoral disertation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT. Excellent work
on what the title implies - the Chinese in Montana, particularly as it relates
to the mining booms of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Includes useful
information about Chinese artifacts including bottles.

Miller, Edrick J.
1998. California (Embossed) Drug Store/Pharmacy Bottles & Dose Glasses.
Privately published. A listing of hundreds of druggist bottles from California
including scanned images of scores of bottles. Unfortunately, the book does not
contain any historical information on the bottles themselves.

Miller, George,
Olive Jones, Lester Ross, and Teresita Majewski.
1991. Approaches to Material Culture Research for Historical Archaeologists.
Society for Historical Archaeology. This book has numerous good bottle dating
related chapters, which are noted in the Periodical & Journal Articles
section near the end of this page.

Miller, George L.
and Elizabeth A. Jorgensen.
1986. Some Notes on Bottle Mold Numbers from the Dominion Glass Company and
its Predecessors. National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada,
Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. (Also produced in a French version.) Very
interesting work on the subject of molds and mold numbers in regards to meaning,
dating, and more. Discusses Canadian produced bottle molds for mouth-blown and
machine-made items, though some of the information is pertinent to U. S. made
items also. This entire work is now available as a pdf file on the Society for
Historical Archaeology website at this link:
Some Notes on Bottle Mould Numbers
from the Dominion Glass Company and its Predecessors - English.pdf

Miller, Jack.
Undated (1970’s). Old
Arizona Soda Bottles.
Excerpts from “The Blister”, the periodic newsletter of the Phoenix Antiques,
Bottles, and Collectibles Club, Phoenix, AZ. Contains a listing of Arizona
soda bottles, but no history. (See Miller [1999] below for THE book on
Arizona bottles, including sodas.)

Miller, Mark E. and Dale L. Wedel.
1992. Archaeological Survey and Test Excavations at Fort
Steele State Historic Site. Office of the
Wyoming State Archaeologist, Laramie,
WY. Project Number WY-12-90, pages 162-214, 255-257, 434-454. This is an
archaeological report for a military fort that was in operation from 1868 to
1886. Includes information on the bottles (and other artifacts) excavated at
the site.

Miller, Michael R.
1999. A Collector’s Guide to
Arizona Bottles & Stoneware: A history of merchant containers in Arizona.
Privately published. Excellent, well researched regional work on the
Arizona bottles which has been recently (2008) revised and expanded as a second
edition. Information about
acquiring this book is available via Hutchbook.com at the following link:
http://www.hutchbook.com/Collecting%20Bottle%20Books%20AZ/Default.htm

M'Kee and Brothers.
1981. M'Kee Victorian Glass: Five Complete Glass Catalogs from 1859/60 to
1871. Reprinted by the Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York.

Moody, B. E.
1963. Packaging in Glass. Hutchinson & Co., London. Interesting,
though fairly technical, book that deals cover the entire range of bottle
production and use from glass making to filling to final labeling.

Morgan, Roy
1978. The Benign Blue Coffin. 51 pages. (Poison bottles)

Morgan, Roy.
1970’s (date not listed). Sealed Bottles: Their History and Evolution
(1630-1930). The following from a seller listing description - “Published
sometime in the 1970s (not dated). There are 120 pages including index and it is
profusely illustrated with black and white photographs, line drawings and
reprints of early bottle making tools, etc. This is one of the few reference
books available on early applied seal bottles and is very difficult to obtain.
Morgan has an index of seals and lots of information on the various forms of
sealed bottles.”

Munsey,
Cecil.
1970. The Illustrated Guide to Collecting Bottles. Hawthorne Books,
Inc. New York. Probably the best general overview of all types of historic
bottles and glass making. Out of print but widely available used since many
printings were made during the 1970s. This is the first bottle book one
should buy.

Myhrer, Keith, William G. White, and Stanton D. Rolf.
1990. Archaeology of the Old
Spanish Trail/Mormon Road From Las Vegas, Nevada to the California Border.
Contributions to the Study of Cultural Resources, Technical Report 17, February
1990, USDI - Bureau of Land Management, Nevada. This report covers what is
inferred by the title and includes some information on bottles as well as cans,
horseshoes, and other cultural items found in association with this historic
trail. This publication is available through this website at the following URL:
http://www.blm.gov/historic_bottles/pdffiles/oldspanishtrail1990.pdf

Nelson, Lavinia and Martha Hurley.
1967. Old Inks. Cole Printing Co., Nashua, NH. This is probably the
first book devoted solely to ink bottles. It does contain some information on
the history of ink bottles (i.e., the companies that ordered and used the
bottles) listing upwards of 400 ink and ink related bottles (e.g., mucilage)
with several hundred illustrations. Also includes quite a bit of information
from the original ink bottle labels.

New South Associates.
1997. What Adam Drank in Paradise - Documentation
of Buffalo Springs Lithia Spa, John H. Kerr Dam and Reservoir, Mecklenburg
County, Virginia. New South Associates, Stone Mountain, Georgia.
This report was done for and submitted to the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and
deals with the history and archaeology of Buffalo Springs Lithia Spa. To
quote the executive summary - "The primary focus of this project included
documentation of the historical development of the property and investigation of
the extant archaeological remains."

Nielsen, Frederick.
1978. Great American Pontiled Medicines. Privately published.
No dates or detailed company histories, but of use as a listing with
drawings of various American pontiled medicines.

Obear-Nestor Glass
Co.
1922. Illustrated Catalog, Obear-Nester Glass Co., Manufacturers of Bottles
1922-1923 A.D. Obear-Nester Glass Co., Saint Louis, Missouri. A
comprehensive catalog of bottles made by one of the larger glass companies which
contains machine-made items most likely (though the manufacturing method is not
noted), though does have some styles still available (e.g. gothic pepper sauce)
that have not been observed as machine-made bottles indicating at least some
mouth-blowing was still occurring.

Odell, John.
1997. Indian Bottles & Brands. Digger Odell Publications. 237 Pages.
Similar to the Pontil Medicine Encyclopedia below, this book covers well
a fairly narrow field of historic bottles with historical information and black
and white photos of many of the items. Still in print; see URL below.

Odell, John.
2000. Digger Odell's Pontil Medicine Encyclopedia: A Look at America's Pre-Civil
War Medicine Bottles.
Published by the author. An exceptional and well illustrated (black and white
pictures) book on a relatively narrow field of historic bottles, though it
covers several thousand different bottles. Includes varying amounts of
historical information on most of the bottles covered, allowing for good dating
opportunities. It is still in print and available at:
http://www.bottlebooks.com/
(2008 note: A revised edition is now available.)

Odell, John.
2002. Medicines 2002 - Antique Bottle & Glass Collector Price Guide.
Digger Odell Publications. Unlike his other two books listed here, this one is
primarily a picture price guide with no historical information pertinent to the
listed items. Still in print; see URL above.

Ohio
Bottle Club, Inc.
1989. Ohio
Bottles. Ohio
Bottle Club, Inc. Barberton, OH. This book covers almost 9000 different Ohio
bottles by various categories (types), though has no history on or illustrations
of the listed bottles.
Information about acquiring this book is available via Hutchbook.com at the
following link:
http://www.hutchbook.com/Collecting%20Bottle%20Books%20OH/Default.htm

Okrent,
Daniel. 2010. Last Call - The Rise and Fall of
Prohibition. Scribner, New York, NY. Excellent historical work
of the times leading up to National Prohibition in 1920 through the 13 turbulent
years of Prohibition up to -and a bit beyond - repeal in 1933.

Oppelt, Norman T.
2005. Soda and Mineral Water Bottles and Bottlers of
Colorado, 1860-1915.
Oppelt Publications, Greeley, CO. Nicely done book on the subject including
good company histories, color pictures of virtually all the soda bottles
discussed, maker’s marks when present, and date ranges for the bottle based on
the historical information.

Ostrander, Diane Rouse.
1984. A Guide to American Nursing Bottles. Will-O-Graf Publications of
Ohio, Willoughby, OH. This is the best book on the subject of nursing bottles
that I have found to date as it includes some good history on the subject, an
overview of the different major types, and listings of almost 700 different
examples. (Update: Although the original publication is long out of print,
a more recently updated [2001] version is available via The American
Collectors of Infant Feeders website at this link:
www.acif.org )

Owens-Illinois Glass Company.
Probably 1933. "Bottle Catalog" (actual title is not known).
Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, OH. This huge catalog of bottles is
reportedly the first comprehensive catalog produced by this glass company in the
early 1930s, just a few years after the formation of the company from other
companies including the Illinois Glass Company and the Owens Bottle Company.
This entire catalog has been scanned from a good photocopy provided by a couple
glass engineers at the O-I Company (thanks Phil and Ron!) as PDF files (with
many pages per PDF file) and is available on this website at the following link:
1933 Owens-Illinois Glass Company Bottle Catalog.

Owens-Illinois Glass Company.
1959. Press Release & Script for Plant Showing of Owens’ Film.
Owens-Illinois Glass Company. Company records relative to the amazing film clip
of an early Owens’ Automatic Bottle Machine in operation including pictures of
Michael Owens himself. This clip is available for viewing at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/michaelowens.mpg

Owens-Illinois Glass Company.
1969 & 1973. Industry Liquor Bottle Permit
Numbers - Glass Container Manufacturers Authorized to Manufacture Liquor
Bottles. Internal document provided by
Russ Hoenig - an Owen-Illinois Glass Company engineer (retired).
This listing shows all the numeric codes that were required to be embossed on
the base of American-made liquor bottles during the mid-20th century. This
document is available at the following link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LiquorBottlePermits.pdf

Palmer,
Walter B. et al.
1917. The Glass Industry: Report on the Cost of Production of Glass in the
United States. U. S.
Dept. Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Miscellaneous Series
No. 60:1-430. Page 72 has a good description of the mouth-blown, tooled finish
process manufacturing sequence.

Papazian, Charlie.
1991. The New Complete Joy of Home Brewing. Avon Books, New York, N.Y.
The most popular and widely read book on the subject.

Pastron, Allen G. and Eugene M.
Hattori (editors). 1990. The Hoff Store Site and Gold
Rush Merchandise from San Francisco, California. Special Publications
Series, Number 7, Society for Historical Archaeology, Print Production by
Braun-Brumfield, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI. Publication from the SHA about the
artifacts uncovered during the excavation in 1986 of the Hoff Store site - a
store which collapsed into San Francisco Bay during the famous May 3rd, 1851
fire that consumed much of San Francisco. Pages 58-74 contain Dennis
McDougall's article on the bottles found. That article is entitled "The
Bottles of the Hoff Store Site" and is an excellent "snapshot in time" look at
the bottles which made their way to the California Gold Rush. There are
also articles by several different authors on other non-bottle artifacts found.

Paul,
John R. and Paul W. Parmalee.
1973 (Reprinted - date unknown). Soft Drink Bottling: A History with Special
Reference to Illinois. Illinois State Museum Society, Springfield, IL. An
excellent overview of soda and mineral water – and its bottling – in the U.S.
About 2/3rds of the book is devoted to the general subject of soda & mineral
water, with the last 1/3rd dealing with Illinois soda bottles.

Pendergrast, Mark.
1993. For God, Country, and Coca-Cola: The Unauthorized History of the Great
American Soft Drink Industry. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.

Pepper, Adeline.
1971. The
Glass Gaffers of New Jersey and their Creations from 1739 to the present.
Charles Scribner’s Sons,
New York

Perlman, Selig.
1922. The History of Trade Unionism in the
United States.
The MacMillan Company, New York.

Perry, Josephine.
1945. The Glass Industry: America at Work. Covers
generally the processes and history of manufacturing of different types of glass
products: glass blowing, pressing, flat glass.

Peters, Roger.
1996. Wisconsin Soda Water Bottles 1845-1910. Privately published.
Excellent reference that includes plentiful history of the soda water companies
and makers marks found on the bottles. Covers about 1400 Hutchinson and blob
sodas, quart blob sodas, spring water bottles, and soda water company Weiss
beers. Over 1100 bottles illustrated (all major varieties).
Information about acquiring this book is available via Hutchbook.com at the
following link:
http://www.hutchbook.com/Collecting%20Bottle%20Books%20WI/Default.htm

Peterson, Arthur G.
1968 (reprinted several times after that). 400 Trademarks on Glass.
Washington College Press, Takoma, Md. Useful book to go along with Toulouse’s
Bottles Makers and Their Marks as far as identifying markings on bottles,
though the book emphasizes non-bottle glassware. The following overview is from
Lockhart (2004i):

Peterson’s small (54 pages)
book is divided into three sections. The first “Trademarks on Glassware,
1860-1914” deals with marks registered for tableware. Section II “Lamps and
Accessories” also deals with registered marks. The sections pertinent to this
discussion are section III “Bottles and Jars” and an appendix entitled “Some
Trademarks Introduced After 1914.”

Although section III is useful, it should be noted that these are trademarks
used by the company rather than marks appearing on bottles and jars. For
example, Peterson illustrated the upside-down bottle superimposed over a “G”
used by the Graham Glass Co., Evansville, Indiana, first used in 1914. The logo
appeared extensively in company literature and advertisements; however, it was
never used on glass bottles. Graham used an extensive and complex method of
factory identification, date codes and mold marks on the heels of its bottles
but did not include the bottle-and-G mark.

The final section on trademarks after 1914 described (but did not illustrate)
marks actually found on bottles along with the date each mark was first used.
These dates are sometimes at odds with those found in Toulouse and are generally
more accurate. Unfortunately, Peterson failed to include end dates and only
listed 37 marks on pages 48-49.

Phillips, Phoebe
(editor) 1981. The Encyclopedia of Glass. Crown Publishers, Inc., New
York. World-wide overview of glass and glassmaking with copious black & white
and color pictures. Includes a nice section on all types of glass making
techniques.

Polack, Michael.
2002 (more recent editions also). Antique Trader Bottles Identification and Price Guide. Krause
Publications, Iola, WI. Though primarily a price guide to bottles as the name
implies, this book does contain some useful information on the history of
glassmaking and production of bottles.

Pollard, Gordon.
1993. Bottles and Business in
Plattsburgh, New York: 100 Years of Embossed Bottles As Historical Artifacts.
Clinton County Historical Association. Comprehensive listing of bottles
embossed with Plattsburgh, NY with excellent history of the soda, beer,
druggist, patent medicine, and dairy businesses that utilized the bottles
between approximately 1870 and the mid-20th century. Though this
book is narrow in scope (one small city in New York) it is works like this that
allow for the dating of similar types of bottles around the country through
extrapolation since, like today, styles came and went during similar time
periods across the US.

Porter, Bill.
1996. Coke Bottle Checklist. Privately printed. Nice book on
“hobble-skirted” Coke bottles according to Bill Lockhart. (Also see
Lockhart & Porter [2010] for more information on these bottles.) The following overview is from
Lockhart (2004i):

Porter operated in another
specialty area – this time “hobble-skirt” Coca-Cola bottles. On pages 3 to 6, he
enumerated all manufacturer’s marks known to be found on Coke bottles along with
specific information about marks that are only found on such bottles. Coca-Cola
demanded that each manufacturer follow the Coke scheme for marking, so marks
were sometimes different from those otherwise used by the same companies (e.g.
CHATT for Chattanooga Glass Co. instead of the usual Circle C mark) and were
placed in different locations on the Coke bottles. He continued (pages 6-8) to
give other useful information specific to Coke bottles including a discussion of
date codes and locations for all marks. Although a specialty area, Porter’s work
is accurate and useful.

Powers,
Madelon. 1998. Faces along the Bar: Lore and Order in the
Workingman's Saloon, 1870-1920. The University of Chicago Press,
Chicago and London. Excellent and highly readable work on the workingman's
drinking establishments in the U. S. during the 5 decades leading up to National
Prohibition.

Preble, Glen R.
1987. Impressed in Time:
Colorado Beverage Bottles, Jugs, etc., 1859-1915.
Antique Bottle Collectors of Colorado, Boulder, CO. Limited to 500 copies. A
profusely illustrated and historically documented book on primarily the soda and
liquor bottles of Colorado, but also includes siphon bottles and crockery jugs.
Excellent dating reference and very similar to Clint (1976); in fact Preble is
really an update and expansion of Clint’s book.

Preble, Glen R. 2002.
The Rise & Demise of Colorado Drugstores
1859-1915 - A Prescription For The Bottle Collecting Habit.
Antique Bottle Collectors of Colorado Inc, Denver, CO.
Soft Cover. 9¾" by 12" tall. Massive work (750+ pages) which is profusely
illustrated - with photos of most of the bottles discussed - and in depth
history of drugstores and their bottles in
Colorado. Excellent dating reference.

Puckhaber, Bernhard C.
1976 (also updated and reprinted in 1993). Saratogas: A
History of the Springs, Mineral Water Bottles Which are Known as "Saratogas,"
Bottling Plants and Glass Works of Saratoga County, New York, from 1823 to 1889.
Privately published. Large 8” x 11”, 91
pages. Good drawings and stories about Saratoga type bottles.

Putnam, H. E.1965.
Bottle Identification. Privately printed. It does not state it, but
this is a reprint of the 1911 Illinois Glass Company catalog; a fact proven by a
comparison with the original 1911 catalog.

Putnam, P. A.
1968. Bottled before 1865. Privately printed. A fairly jumbled book
which contains bottle related information taken from “…newspapers and
magazines printed before 1865”. Includes a fair amount of period
information on glass making in the U.S.

Radam, William.
1912. Microbes and the Microbe-Killer. The Wm. Radam Microbe Killer
Co., New York. This was the famous quack medicine company purveyors response to
the increasing regulatory environment of that era.

Rawlinson, Fred.
1970. Make Mine Milk: The Story of the Milk Bottle and the History of
Dairying. FAR Publications, Newport News, VA.
Good history of milk bottling, bottle types, closures, and more.

Reher, Charles A. and Dale Wedel.
1990. The
Wyoming Territorial Prison Archaeology Project – Historical Archaeology of a
Frontier Institution, Chapter 10 "Bottle Analysis."
Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY. (This is a
draft report; whether a final was issued is unknown.) Chapter 10 of this report
was written by Reher (U. of Wyoming) and Dale Wedel (Office of the Wyoming State
Archaeologist)
is contains an excellent overview the subject of bottle analysis from an
archaeological point of view as well as specifics pertinent to the actual
project.

Reed,
Adele.
1966. Bottle Talk. Chalfont Press, Bishop, CA. This book has some
interesting information on blob seals, stoneware bottles, schnapps, and an
assortment of other bottles; includes some limited historical information.
(Both the Reed booklets are similar to the May Jones “Bottle Trail” booklets,
but with different information; Jones and Reed were apparently friends.)

Reed
Glass Company.
1910. Illustrated Net Price List – Flint and Amber Bottles. F. E. Reed
Glass Company, Rochester, N.Y. Glass company catalog which offered a fairly
wide array of bottles, though not the depth of the contemporary Illinois Glass
Co. A copy of this catalog is scanned and posted on this website at the
following link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Reed1910.pdf

The Richardson's only
included a single page (page 162) that is pertinent to this bibliography. Their
approach was to research dates for marks that identified pharmaceutical
companies. They identified and dated 23 marks by such companies as well as
whether the marks were placed on bases, shoulders, or (in one case) sides of the
bottles. Although only useful for pharmaceutical bottles, the list provides
another level of identification available to researchers.

Riley, John J.
1946. Organization In the Soft Drink Industry – A History of the American
Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages. American Bottlers of Carbonated
Beverages, Washington, D.C., 357 pages. Some pertinent information on soda
water bottlers but not as useful as the next book.

Riley,
John J.
1958. A History of the American Soft Drink Industry, Bottled Carbonated
Beverages, 1807-1957. American Bottles of Carbonated Beverages, Washington,
DC. Reprinted in 1972 by ARNO Press, New York. Also reprinted in 1972 by
ARNO Press, New York. Excellent overview on what the title denotes with a
full and colorful history of this business. Must be considered as part of the
bottle book "canon" for soda water history along with Paul & Parmalee (1973).
However, a lot of the information on soda and mineral waters in Paul & Parmalee
and that section in McKearin & Wilson (1978) came from Riley.

Rimalover, Jack K.
(introduction) 1970. Patent Medicines and Proprietary Articles: A
Reproduction of a Section of the Meyer Bros. And Co. Wholesale Drug Catalog of
1887. Stonybrook Associates, Princeton Junction, NJ. Interesting little
booklet on the items available from this company in 1887 including the prices.
These type catalogs at least provide a point in time that the listed products
were being produced and sold.

Rinker, Meryle.
Undated (1968). “A Dash of This…A Pinch of That” – A Bottle Collector’s
History of Sauce and Spice Bottles” Privately Published, Ashland, OR.
Actually a very useful book with good history on the subjects noted. Similar to
May Jones, Rinker wrote to many companies and individuals tracking down
information on various sauce and other food type bottles.

Rodrigues, Arleta and Alice Creswick.
1967. From Great Aunt May’s Cellar – A Collection of Yesterday’s Fruit Jars.
TypArt Publishing Co., Castro Valley, CA. Apparently this is the earliest work
from these two noted authors. This book contains descriptions and illustrations
(of the embossing pattern primarily) of hundreds of jars, some glass maker
information, and other general fruit jar information. The authors later books
are much more useful.

Rodrigues, Arleta.
1971. Fruit Jars: Canister to Kerr. James Publications, Castro Valley,
California. (Note from Allen Vegotsky: “Very good for dating fruit jars with
photos of many key patents and their dates of manufacture.”)

Roller, Dick.
1983. The Standard Fruit Jar Reference. Acorn Press. Excellent
reference on jars, glass makers, etc. Excellent information on fruit jar
types, history, makers, closures dates, etc. Similar in scope and quality to
Creswick (1987). Unfortunately this large book is also out of print and
even harder
to obtain than Creswick which isn’t easy. The following overview is from
Lockhart (2004i):

Although not a book about
manufacturer’s marks, Roller’s fruit jar identification manual deserves a place
in the listing. The main section of the work used drawings, photos, and
descriptions to identify different types of fruit jars and, where possible, to
name the manufacturer and set the approximate date range. The section was in
alphabetical order by mark, maker, or name embossed on the fruit jar (e.g.
STANDARD). In some cases, he included background information, although he did
not cite his sources. Roller appended his book with sections of patents relating
to fruit jars, relevant trademarks, biographical sketches of some “fruit jar
pioneers,” and company histories of the Keystone Glass Works, Sheet Metal Screw
Co., Mason Manufacturing Co., Consolidated Fruit Jar Co., Hero Glass Works, Ball
Bros., Hazel Glass Co., and Kerr Glass Mfg. Co. Unfortunately, he did not
include an index. Although currently out of print and difficult to find, the
book contains useful supplemental information.

Roller, Dick. 2011.
The Standard Fruit Jar Reference. Fruit Jar Annual/Phoenix Press,
Chicago, IL. This is an updated and greatly enlarged revision of the above
1983 work by Roller completed by Jerry McCann and Barry Bernas. According
an email from Jerry McCann to this websites author, "(This
book)is over 850
pages...the original 1983 book is an outline by comparison. It took over
15 years and thousands of hours of work. It contains everything
Dick/Alice/Kath/Caniff have researched (and in some case never published). It
incorporates everything from the original edition with corrections, adjustments,
etc." A quick review of the book by this author confirms that this is
indeed a significant and monumental work that is of use to anyone interested in
historic bottles and jars - archaeologist and collector alike. It is
available (about $275) by contacting Jerry McCann at this email:
Fjar@aol.com

Russell, Mike.
1998. The Collector’s Guide to Civil War Period Bottles and Jars, Third
Edition. Russell Publications, Herndon, VA. (There were also 1988 and 1992
editions.) An interesting and useful book that has a listing of hundreds of
bottles found on Civil War historic sites or at least made during that era,
i.e., 1861-1865. Also includes discussions various glass manufacturing
processes including the pontil rod to snap case transition which did coincide
largely with the Civil War. Book still available from the author (2007):
relicshop@comcast.net

Sauzay, A.
1871. Wonders of Glass & Bottle Making In All Ages. Charles Scribner &
Company. (Reprinted 1969 by Frontier Book Co., Fort Davis, TX.) Interesting
and useful period book – with illustrations - that has some good information on
bottle and glass making.

Scholes, Samuel R.
1952 (earlier editions back to 1935). Modern Glass Practice. Industrial
Publications, Inc., Chicago, IL. Similar to Scholes 1941 work, this book
contains excellent technical information on glass making from an industrial
scale perspective, including great information on glass color & decolorizing and
an illustrated chapter (“The Principles of Glassworking”) that includes great
mouth-blown information including some on paste/turn-molds, finishing, and more.

Schmeiser, Alan
1968. Have
Bottles Will Pop!
Michalan Press, Dixon, CA. A decent book with b&w pictures of several hundred
mouth-blown soda water bottles (1840s to early 20th century) from
around the country with a concentration on – including very useful history -
California, New York, and Savannah, GA. soda & mineral water bottles.
(Markota’s later books are better references for Western sodas.)

Schmeiser, Alan
1970. More
Pop!
Privately published. Book similar to the above book.

Schulz, Peter D., Betty J. Rivers, Mark M. Hales, Charles A. Litzinger, and
Elizabeth A. McKee.
1980. The Bottles of Old Sacramento: A Study of Nineteenth Century Glass and
Ceramic Retail Containers. Part 1. California Archaeological Report No.
20, Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento, CA. Excellent information
and history on a wide array of bottles (and ceramics) found during excavations
in Sacramento, CA., including detailed company histories on scores of different
bottled products.

This huge (555 pages),
recently released work is one of the best "bottle books" there is for
helping with the complicated subject of bottle identification. This
book includes - for the first time in print - a summary of this websites (Historic
Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website) bottle dating key as
a chapter entitled "Summary Guide to Dating Bottles" by this author (pages
33 to 49). It also includes "Bottle Dating Worksheets" (pages 51 to
55) by Rebecca Allen and this author to assist in the systematic dating of
an historic bottle based on the information in that dating key as well as
other information on the website.

In part, this book fulfills this authors long time desire to have a hard
copy "field guide" version of this website for use by archaeologists (and
others) by having at least the dating portions available in printed form to
take to the field. Beyond that the book includes more
information about historic bottle identification (typology), bottle
production, and more than can be summarized here.

The
book is available at
www.lulu.com - search for "Baffle Marks and Pontil Scars." The book
is available softbound with either black and white or full color images.
It is also available as a downloadable PDF file.

All proceeds from sale of this book go
directly to benefit the work of the Society for Historical Archaeology!

Schwartz, Marvin D.
& Robert E. DiBartolomeo
1974. American Glass – From the Pages of Antiques. Weathervane Books,
New York. This book contains a selection of reprinted articles from Antiques
Magazine (1922 to 1972) on various glass related subject. It is broken in to two
parts – Blown and Molded glass and Pressed and Cut glass. This book is an
invaluable source of information about early American glass houses and their
products and includes some of the important articles by Harry Hall White (great
articles!), Kenneth Wilson, Helen McKearin, Rhea M. Knittle, and others.

Scoville, Warren C.
1948. Revolution in Glassmaking: Entrepreneurship and Technological Change
In the American Industry 1880-1920. Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
MA. One of the primary source books (and highly referenced by others) for
information on the glassmaking industry in the U. S. during the period noted.

Seamans, Berna Mackey and Mertie Mackey Robb.
1969. When? and Where?
Colorado Bottle History.
Eastwood Printing Co., Denver, CO. A small book that has some utility since it
includes the business dates for hundreds of different Colorado breweries,
druggists, etc. However, this information is all likely contained in more
recent works by Clint, Preble, and others.

Seeliger, Michael W.
1974. H. H. Warner, His Company & His Bottles. Privately published.
Includes some useful history of this most famous patent medicine producer with a listing of
bottles produced in the U.S. and other countries.

Shimko, Phyllis.
1969. Sarsaparilla
Bottle Encyclopedia.
Privately published. Best source of historical information on sarsaparilla
producers and bottles, though the book is long out of print and hard to find.

Skrabec, Quentin R. Jr.
2007. Michael Owens and the Glass Industry. Pelican Publishing Co.,
Gretna, Louisiana. A new and very interesting book on Owens and his machine.
The book also has extensive information on the glassmaking transition from
mouth-blown processes to machines, unionization, and of course the life and
times of Michael Owens.

Smith, Elmer L.
1973 (also a 1975 reprint). Patent Medicine: The Golden Days of Quackery.
Applied Arts Publishers, Lebanon, PA. This short booklet contains some history
on a few patent medicines & producers with a lot of black &white photos of trade
cards & advertisements.

Spude, Catherine H., Karl Gurcke, Gwen Hurst, and David Huelsbeck.
2006. The Mascot Saloon: Archaeological Investigations in
Skagway, Alaska Volume 10.
U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Anchorage, AK. Very
interesting and informative study of the archaeology and history of the Mascot
Saloon in Skagway which was the gateway to the Alaska gold rush beginning in
1898.

Stage, Sarah.
1979. Female Complaints – Lydia
Pinkham and the Business of Women’s Medicine.
W. W. Norton & Co., New York. Interesting and well done book on the subject
noted in the title - Lydia Pinkham and her patent medicine empire - as well as
just the general subject of patent medicines in the 19th and early 20th
centuries from the female perspective.

Stau,
Sven.
1987. Embossed Pharmacy Bottles of Buffalo, New York. Privately
published. Buffalo, NY. Small but useful booklet on druggist bottles of
Buffalo, N.Y. which includes company business dates from the Buffalo City
directories and nice line drawings of the bottles.

Stemm, Greg
and Sean Kingsley(editors). 2010. Oceans Odyssey -
Deep-Sea Shipwrecks in the English Channel, Straits of Gibraltar & Atlantic
Ocean. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. Book includes a chapter which is
an excellent, in-depth write-up and analysis of the bottles found on the SS
Republic which sank off the east coast of the U. S. in 1865. This book
is available at this link:
http://shipwreckstore.com/cart/products/Oceans-Odyssey.html The noted
chapter of this book is also available on-line at this link:
http://shipwreck.net/pdf/OMEPaper6_000.pdf

Stemm, Greg
and Sean Kingsley (editors). 2011. Oceans Odyssey 2 -
Underwater Heritage Management & Deep-Sea Shipwrecks in the English Channel &
Atlantic Ocean. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. This book includes a
chapter which is an excellent, in-depth write-up and analysis of the bottles
found on the "Blue China" shipwreck which sank off the east coast of the Florida
in the mid-1850s written by Ellen Gerth (archaeologist for Odyssey Marine
Exploration) and the author of this website. This book is available at
this link:
http://shipwreckstore.com/cart/products/Oceans-Odyssey-2.html The
noted chapter of this book is also available on-line at this link:
http://www.shipwreck.net/pdf/OMEPapers22.pdf

Stein, W.
1862. Die Glasfabrikation. Friedrich Bieweg und Sohn, Brunswick.
This is an early German book that has excellent illustrations of various glass
maker tools of the time, though of course, the text is all in German.

Stevens, Gerald.
1979. Canadian Glass 1825-1925. Coles Publishing Company Limited,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Useful book 0n the subject which includes an
assortment of illustrations of the offerings from early 20th century
Canadian glass catalogs – bottles, glassware, lamp chimneys, etc.

Sullivan, Jack.
2002. The American Whiskey Jug: A Compilation of Articles with New Added
Material. Published by the Author, Alexandria, Virginia (2002). (Allen V. -
While this book is mainly about whiskey jugs, it also relates to bottles and to
history of manufacturers and distributors of whiskeys.)

Sweeney, Rick
(editor).
2002. Collecting Applied Color Label Soda Bottles – Third Edition.
Painted Soda Bottle Collectors Association, La Mesa, CA. Good book on the
subject including manufacturing processes, some bottling company information,
and a comprehensive listing (with pictures) of hundreds (thousands?) of ACL soda
with some dating information on some bottles.

Swindell Bros.
1902. Price List, Swindell Bros., Manufacturers of Druggists’, Chemists’ and
Perfumers’ Glassware. Swindell Brothers, Baltimore, MD. Another great
source of information on the styles and names for early 20th century
mouth-blown bottles from a company that produced a fairly wide array of
different bottles.

Switzer, Ronald R.
1974. The
Bertrand Bottles – A Study of 19th Century Glass and Ceramic
Containers.
National Park Service – U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 100
pages. This is a great reference for dating a lot of different bottles from the
mid-1860’s, since it covers the bottles excavated from the steamer Bertrand
which sunk in the Missouri River in the Nebraska Territory on April Fools day
1865.

Switzer,
Ronald R. 2013. The Steamboat Bertrand and Missouri River
Commerce. The Arthur H. Clark Company, University of Oklahoma Press,
Norman, Oklahoma. An excellent book that expands on the history and wide
array of artifacts found on the S. S. Bertrand - including the bottles
covered in more depth in Switzer's 1974 book noted above.

Taylor, Gordon A.
1971. Milk Bottle Manual: A Collector’s Pictorial Primer & Pricing Guide.
Published by the author. (Also a second edition in 1972.) Small but
informative book on the subject of milk bottles.

Teal,
Harvey S. and Rita Foster Walker.
2005. The South Carolina Dispensary & Embossed S. C. Whiskey Bottles & Jugs
1865-1915. Privately published, Columbia, S.C. Excellent recent work on
the subject implied by the title which expands on Huggins (1971) work on the
same subject. Great pictures and information and includes a lot of general
information about glass producers, bottle making, and more.

Tibbitts, John C.
1963. Chips from the Pontil. The Little Glass Shack, Sacramento, CA.
This book contains excerpts from the American Bottle Collectors Association
(first national bottle club) newsletter “The Pontil.” Similar in some ways to
another early bottle book author – May Jones – in its rambling though
informative format.

Tibbitts, John C.
1967. John Doe Bottle Collector. The Little Glass Shack, Sacramento,
CA. This book also contains excerpts from the American Bottle Collectors
Association newsletter “The Pontil” and is similar in format (rambling).

Thomas, John.
1974. Picnics, Coffins, Shoo-Flies. Preuss Press, San Luis Obispo, CA.
Excellent historical information on this relatively narrow, but fascinating,
genre of historic bottles. All 5 of Thomas’s books are similar in this
fashion. They can be of high utility in dating the embossed (or labeled)
bottles from the companies covered in the books.

Tooley,
Fay V.
(editor) 1953 (reprints in 1957 & 1961). Handbook of Glass Manufacture: A book of
Reference for the Factory Engineer, Chemist and Plant Executive. Ogden
Publishing Company, New York. Though long out of print and expensive to
acquire, this book is a important source of information on bottle machines,
processes, glass making, etc. Though often quite technical in its descriptions,
much can be learned from it even by the layperson.

Toulouse, Julian H.1969a.
Fruit Jars. Thomas Nelson & Sons, New York. An excellent book that covers
more than just the subject of fruit jars. Includes good sections on
glassmaking, closures, makers marks, and much more, as well as great information
on fruit jars including dating. The following overview is from
Lockhart (2004i):

In this book, Toulouse made
an attempt to catalog all known fruit jar manufacturer’s marks. The work is
impressive. He arranged the marks in alphabetical order, a style that sometimes
makes it difficult to find a mark and even more arduous to locate a company.
This difficulty is exacerbated by the lack of a comprehensive index. He solved
that problem to a certain extent, however, by including an index of sorts
entitle “Fruit-Jar Manufacturers and Their Jars.” This section lists all
companies identified in the book and the marks on the jars; however, it fails to
include page numbers. The main section of the book showed drawings (and
occasional photographs) of marks found on fruit jars and a short description,
date range, and discussion of each mark and the glass house that used it.
Although he failed to include any company histories (an oversight he corrected
in his second book), he included sections on Men Who Made Fruit-Jar History,
Using the Jars, Dating the Fruit Jar, The Shape of the Fruit Jar, Patent
Chronology, and Fruit Jar Seals. The added chapters are very useful, especially
to a researcher unfamiliar with fruit jars.

Toulouse, Julian H.
1971.
Bottle Makers and Their Marks.
Thomas Nelson, Inc., New York. Without a doubt the best overall work on the
subject of what markings bottle manufacturers used on bottles, the history of
bottle making companies, and an invaluable dating guide. Just be aware that
some of Toulouse’s dates and information were speculative or have been further
refined since publishing of the book 3+ decades ago. (Note: There is currently
a reprint of this book available at Blackburn Press. Click on the following
link to view:
http://www.blackburnpress.com/botmakandthe.html) The following overview is from
Lockhart (2004i):

Often considered the “bible”
for manufacturer’s marks, this epic work is astounding in its breadth. By his
own count, Toulouse offered information on more than 1,200 different marks found
on glass bottles and jars. The book is filled with information that could only
have come from a factory “insider.” Toulouse, in fact, spent his career in the
glass manufacturing industry before he wrote his two books on marks for
collectors.

The book is all the more remarkable when you consider that he accomplished his
task without all the modern conveniences which are almost essential in compiling
large databases today. He had no internet, no e-mail, and no access to eBay
auctions (a great source for empirical bottle information). Often, his
information about marks came from collectors writing in to organizations like
that of May Jones (see above), another early pioneer in the field of marks on
glass. He followed such information collecting up with calls to glass
manufacturers, letters to companies, a review of the available literature, and
research in city directories. The sheer volume of information he presented is
daunting. The study is arranged in alphabetical order by marks. While this
enables a researcher to fairly easily locate a specific mark, it separates the
various company histories into choppy sections and makes tracing histories or
cross checking references very difficult. It also resulted in frequent
contradictions.

His work, however, has a down side. It is riddled with typographical errors,
especially in the recording of dates. He is frequently a century off, for
example on page 317, he dates a the mark LAMB from “1855 to 1964” – the dates
are 1955 to 1964. He is often also a decade away from the correct date, such as
his dating of the L-G mark from 1946 to 1954 (page 321). Other sources place the
start at 1936, and empirical evidence backs the earlier decade as a more correct
date. In another instance, Toulouse (page 263) had Christian Ihmsen bringing his
two sons into the business in 1850, when his sources placed the date at 1860.

He frequently miscopied dates from his sources as when he stated (page 132) that
W. Cunningham & Co. changed its name to Cunningham & Ihmsen in 1865 when his
sources both dated the change at 1857 or when he placed Ihmsen’s retirement
(page 120) at 1879 – his source said 1878. Toulouse also contradicted himself –
such as when he placed the closing of Cunninghams & Co. at 1909 on page 99 but
at 1907 on page 120. Since he was not specific as to his sources, we do not know
which date is correct. There are so many typographic errors in the book that
most of his dates should be considered approximate.

He also missed the mark (pardon the pun) by accepting the identification of
marks that apparently do not exist. Our research group has been unable to find
several marks that are shown in Bottle Makers and Their Marks despite the use of
archaeological databases, eBay, internet searches, a large array of collectors
networks, and numerous books and articles. These apparently bogus marks include
IG on page 264, attributed to the Illinois Glass Co., C. C. Co. (page 117),
supposedly used by C. Conrad & Co. (their actual mark is much more complex and
interesting), and five out of the nine marks on pages 268 and 269 that he
claimed were used by the Illinois Pacific Glass Company (or Corporation or Coast
Co.). We have found only four marks used by the various incarnations of Illinois
Pacific, one of which he did not list.

Another major failing of the work is the general exclusion of date codes and
other marks on bottle bases and heels. These often provide helpful information
and show specific dates of manufacture. In his introduction, he made it clear
that he considered embossed numbers to be of little or no help in identifying or
dating glass.

Bottle Makers and Their Marks is essential in any research into manufacturer’s
marks, but its information should be compared with other data as well as
checking the sources used by Toulouse wherever possible.

Trowbridge, John T.
1870. Lawrence’s Adventures among the Ice-Cutters, Glass-Makers,
Coal-Miners, Iron-Men, and Ship-Builders. Henry T. Coates & Co.,
Philadelphia. This book includes an interesting and entertaining, mouth-blown
bottle period, discussion of glass making and bottle blowing (pages 27-96). A
pdf version of the book is available free from Google Books™.

Tucker, Donald.
1986. Collector's Guide to the Saratoga Type Mineral Water Bottles.
Donald and Lois Tucker, Inc., North Berwick, Maine. Contains some interesting
general bottle morphology information and historical information on some of the
major mineral water bottling companies and areas that used the distinctive
“Saratoga” shaped mineral bottles. Some dating information.

Tutton, John. 1992. Udderly Fantastic: A Pyro Primer of Painted Label
Milk Bottles. Privately published, Front Royal, VA. This book (I believe –
I don’t have a copy), along with the next two books (both in possession), are
largely color picture listings of many hundreds of different ACL milk bottles
although there is enough historical information to make all of the books very
worthwhile to have if interested in milk bottles and milk bottle history.

Unitt, Doris & Peter.
1980b.
Bottles in Canada.
Clock House Publications, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. A useful book for
pictures (hundreds) and some decent information on Canadian bottles and
glassmakers from the late 18th through mid-20th
centuries. Also covers pottery and ceramic bottles, Canadian fruit jars, milk
bottles, and even insulators. Originally published in 1972 with 1980 being the
4th edition.

Urquhart, Olive.
1976. Bottlers and Bottles, Canadian. S.& O. Urquhart, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada. Good book on Canadian bottles that includes detailed illustrations
including bottle bases and base markings. Also has a good overview of glass
making.

U. S. Government
Printing Office.
1975. Historical
Statistics of the United States.

U. S. Patent Office.
1855. A.
Stone, Forming screw-threads, etc., in the Necks of Glass Bottles and Similar
Articles – Patent #13,402, August 7, 1855.
U. S. Patent Office, Washington, D. C. This is the earliest known patent for
a “modern” calipers type finishing tool used to form bottle finishes (and in this
case telegraph insulator threads). It was
not a
patent for an entire finishing tool - tools which were already in use and almost
certainly not patentable - but instead for a specific variation in such tools.
This patent is available on this website at this link:http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/lippingtool1855.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1856. A.
Stone, Tool for Making Glass Bottles – Patent #15,788, September 23, 1856.
U. S. Patent Office, Washington, D. C. The second known patent for a modern
caliper type lipping tool used to form bottle finishes, by the same person as
the 1855 patent. This patent is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/StonesGrooveRingPatent1856.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1860. R.
Hemingway Mold for Glass Jars – Patent #30, 063, September 18, 1860.
U. S. Patent Office, Washington, D. C. This very interesting patent for the
“Hemingway jar” describes not only the unique mold that formed these jars but
also has a short description of the method of producing an applied finish and
the way that a groove ring wax seal jar is used in canning. This patent is
available on this website at this link: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/hemingray1860.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1865. F. H. James and N. B.
Gathchell, Tool for Making Glass - Patent #51,058, November 21, 1865.
U. S. Patent Office, Washington, D. C. This one of the earlier patents for
a snap or snap-case tool, this one operated by a spring mechanism in the handle
and a "conical ring" at the business end which held the bottle base. This
patent is available on this website at this link:
U.
S. Patent #51,058.

U. S. Patent Office.
1871. W. M.
Kirchner, Improvement in Glass-Jars – Patent #115,326, May 30, 1871.
This patent is apparently for a fruit jar finishing method that forms an
external threaded finish from
applied finishing glass via the above patented tool.
This patent is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/appliedexthread1871.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1872. H.
Frank, Tool for Forming Mouths of Bottles, & c. – Patent #130,207, August 6,
1872.
Patent for a calipers type lipping tool that also formed internal screw threads
within applied finishes. This patent is available on this website at this
link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/frankpatenttool.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1875.
Thomas W. Synnott, of Wenonah, New Jersey,Improvement
in Bottles – Patent #162,117, April 13, 1875.
This patent – issued to Thomas Synnott – outlines the formation of an
inside-the-finish pouring spout formed with a lipping tool, aka “rounding-
tool.” Of more interest here, the patent also describes the tooling of an
applied finish – the finish type most common in 1875 and observed on earlier
L. H. Thomas
bulk ink bottles with this patent date embossed on the base. Specifically, the
center plug of the tool remains stationary with the outside tongs or spring arms
of the tool
“…rotated to round the collar”
to complete the finish conformation.

U. S. Patent Office.
1876a. J.
Lamont, Glass Tools - Patent #183,267, October 17, 1876.
This is an interesting patent for a lipping tool used to form a type of applied
blob finish with a “rim or groove” inside the bore for a particular closure
suitable for carbonated beverages. This patent is available on this website at
this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Lamontpatent1876.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1876b.
Carlton Newman, of San Francisco, California, Improvement in Bottle and Cup
Stoppers - Patent #183,322, October 17, 1876.
Patent for a flask for which the stopper cap was also a metal shot glass.
This patent is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Newmanpatent1876.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1885. W.
Painter. Bottle Stopper - Patent #327,099, September 29, 1885.
This patent was issued to William Painter (who also invented the famous – and
still used - crown cap) for the loop seal or Baltimore loop seal stopper and
finish. This patent is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/baltimoreseal1885.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1886.
Charles E. Thomas. Machine for Finishing the Mouths of Glass Bottles - Patent
#348,797, September 7, 1886.
This is a patent for a treadle operated (with either man-power or mechanical
power) machine that finished the mouths – aka lip – of bottles. Presumably this
machine produced tooled finish bottles, though that is not clear. This patent
is available on this website at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/thomas1886.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1887.
William F. Modes, of Streator, Illinois. Mold for Blowing Turned Bottles –
Patent #364,840, June 14, 1887.
This patent includes useful information about a turn-mold with a revolving base
plate and a variation on the “cracked-off” blowpipe removal method. This patent
is available on this website at this link: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/turnmoldpatent1887.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1890. W.
Painter. Tool for Forming the Necks of Bottles - Patent #443,728, December 30,
1890.
This patent was issued to William Painter (who also invented the famous – and
still used - crown cap) for the tool that was used to form the distinct “blob”
finish – with a groove inside the bore – for accommodating the loop seal
closure. This patent is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Paintertool1890.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1891. W.
Painter. Bottle Stopper - Patent #449,822, April 7, 1891.
This patent was issued to William Painter for “…certain
improvements in bottle stoppers or seals…”
– improvements to the loop seal closure itself which was first patented in
1885. This patent is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Painterstopper1891.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1893. T. K.
Sheldon & M. N. Lynn,Finishing
Tool for Glass Bottles – Patent #500,960, July 4, 1893.
Patent issued to Thomas Sheldon & Mirabeau Lynn for an adjustable
“finishing-tool” that was of the caliper type most commonly used for forming
tooled finishes, which had a rotating center rod that moved in tandem with the
spring arms to “…form the corkage
of the bottle.”
(corkage = finish) Of particular note is the succinct description of the
formation of a tooled finish at the time this finishing style was becoming
dominant. This patent is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/finishingtoolpatent1893.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1904a. F.
Scheidt. Machine for Forming the Necks of Glass bottles – Patent #760,258,
May 17, 1904.
Patent for a bench mounted, hand operated machine that would complete bottle
finishes. This patent is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/lippingmachine1904.pdf

U. S. Patent Office.
1904b. H.
Coale & L. S. Greensfelder, Bottle Forming Implement – Patent #775,206, November
15, 1904.
This is a patent for a finishing tool that specifically produced tooled crown
cap finishes. This patent is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/lippingtoolcrownfinish1904.pdf

Van Bueren, Thad M.
2005.
Lending A Hand: Archaeological Perspectives on Farm Labor at the Brown and
Sanderson Farm in Amador County, California.
Historical Archaeology and Mitigation Branch, CALTRANS District 10, Stockton,
CA. Report on the excavation of historical artifacts – including bottles - from
a farm in the Mother Lode country of California that was in operation from about
1848 to 1917.

Van den Bossche, Willy.
2001. Antique
Glass Bottles: Their History and Evolution (1500-1850).
Antique Collectors Club, Suffolk, England. As the title states this book
covers the history and evolution of glass bottles between 1500 and 1850, with a
very strong emphasis on European items, especially early wine and spirits
bottles. Lavishly illustrated with color photography, it also includes one of
the best bottle glossaries and probably the most comprehensive and up-to-date
world-wide bibliographies on glass bottles (1,150 titles). Although covering
primarily foreign bottles, this book is listed as part of the bottle information
“canon” due to the excellent photography, bibliography and glossary.

Van Wieren, Dale P.
1995. American Breweries II. Eastern Coast Breweriana Assoc., West Point,
PA . This is an update to Bull, et al. (1984) and highly recommended if
interested in the dating of beer bottles. I consider this book as part of
the “canon” of essential books if one is interested in beer bottle history.

Van
Renssalaer, Stephen.
1921. Check
List of Early American Bottles and Flasks.
Privately published, New York. One of the earliest bottle books in the U.S.
this one is essentially like the title implies – just a listing of various early
American bottles and flasks. Book is strangely organized and lacking in much
historical information.

Van
Renssalaer, Stephen.
1969
(1971 printing also). Early
American Bottles and Flasks. Revised Edition, Edited by J. Edmund Edwards, New
Introduction by Charles B. Gardner.
J. Edmund Edwards, Publisher, Stratford, CN. This is a greatly expanded and
improved version of the original Van Renssalaer “check list” book including an
additional 244 pages of American glass maker information.

Vegotsky, Allen.
2003. Dr. Hatchett's Drug Store Museum: An Inventory and Analysis.
Published by the Stewart County (Georgia) Historical Commission as a CD-Rom in
2003. (Note from Allen V.: The CD contains about 180 pages of analysis
of nearly 2000 drug store artifacts of the period: 1870-1957. As many of these
products were bottled products and since the CD covers their dates of
manufacture and classification, I thought it might fit into this list.)

Vienneau, Azor.
1968. The Bottle Collector. Petheric Press, McCurdy Printing Co.,
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Small, general book on collecting with an
emphasis on bottles from Nova Scotia including historical information. Also
includes some information on Nova Scotia glass companies based on glass works
excavations, dating information which was pretty accurate for its day, and
includes some references.

Wade,
Brian. 2003. Deco Soda Bottles - A Guide to
Collecting Those Fancy Embossed Soda Bottles of the 1920's and 30's. Privately
Published. A pretty good work on the subject of art deco soda bottles from
the noted era. Lots of black and white images of a hundred or so soda
bottles along with some history and information about the evolution of the
style, etc. The author may (or may not) still be contacted at the
following email address:
brian.wade@worldnet.att.net

Walbridge, William S.
1920. American Bottles Old & New - A Story of the Industry in the
United States.
The Owens Bottle Company, Toledo, OH. Written by the Vice-President of the
company. Period overview of the process of automating the industry.

Warman, Edwin G.
1972. Bottle Collector’s Treasury – Classic & Common. E. G. Warman
Publishing Co., Uniontown, PA. This book does have some interesting and useful
history of various types of bottle, though has no references listed.

Watson, George and Robert Skrill.
1971. Western Canadian Bottle Collecting. Hume Compton, Nanaimo, B.C.,
Canada. Mostly a simple listing – with pictures – of various Canadian bottles
from the mid to late 19th and early 20th century.
However, there is some useful historical information and the book does show some
of the different (more English) stylistic trends of Canadian bottles.

Watson, George, Robert Skrill, and Jim Heidt.
Undated -1972 or 1973. Western Canadian Bottle Collecting – Book 2.
Evergreen Press Limited, B. C. Good information on western Canadian
breweries as well as some other miscellaneous information relative to Canadian
bottles. Hundreds of bottles pictured like the authors’ first book noted
above.

Watson, Richard.
1968. Supplement to Bitters Bottles. Thomas Nelson & Sons, Camden, NJ.
Both of Watson’s books were pioneers in the bottle book field, though there is a
dearth of historical information on the bottles listed.

Wearin, Otha D.1965.
Statues
That Pour - The Story of Character Bottles.
An interesting book on figural bottles.

Wegars, Priscilla
(editor). 1993. Hidden Heritage: Historical Archaeology of
the Overseas Chinese. Baywood Publishing Company, Inc. Amityville,
New York. Interesting book on the Chinese in America; particularly in the
West, including some information on Chinese bottles.

Wegars, Priscilla. 2001. Uncovering a Chinese Legacy: Historical Archaeology at
Centerville, Idaho.
U. S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Idaho
Cultural Resource Series – Number 5. This is a well done archaeological and
historical work prompted by the excavations done at this “ghost town” in the
early 1990s and contains some very useful information on Chinese bottles and
ceramics as well as other types of bottles and artifacts.

Welker, John and Elizabeth Welker.
1985. Pressed Glass in America: Encyclopedia of the First Hundred Years,
1825-1925. Antique Acres Press, Ivyland, PA. Good work on the subject and
includes pertinent bottle related glass maker information.

Weston, Mike.
1997. Northern California Bottles. Privately published. Simple but well
done with some excellent company history and nice line drawings. This an
example of a narrow scope regional book, researched and published by a
collector, that can really assist cultural professionals in that region to
identify and date local bottles and bottle fragments.

T. C.
Wheaton Co.
ca. early 1920’s. Catalog and List Prices of Bottles and Glassware for
Druggists, Chemists, Perfumers and Biological Laboratories. T. C. Wheaton
Co., Millville, N.J. This catalog is undated but includes several machine-made
items that were actually produced by the Illinois Glass Company – and sold by T.
C. Wheaton - which are listed in the ca. 1920 IGCo. catalog for the same exact
prices as Wheaton listed them.

The
Wheaton Company.
1960. The Wheaton Story. Privately published by the Wheaton Company. Very
interesting, photo packed book showing all parts of the bottle making process
for both mouth-blown and machine-made bottles.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1876. Whitall, Tatum & Co. 1876. Whitall, Tatum & Co., Philadelphia &
New York. This is the earliest W. T. & Co. catalog the author could find and is similar
– though not identical - to the many of the following catalogs as to the bottle
offerings.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1879. Whitall, Tatum & Co. Glass Ware 1879. Whitall, Tatum & Co.,
Philadelphia & New York. This catalog is virtually identical to the 1880 catalog
as to the bottle offerings. A PDF copy of this catalog is available on
this website, courtesy of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research
Library, Corning, NY at the following link:
1879 Whitall, Tatum & Co. catalog (12.5 mb). The Corning Museum of
Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1880. Whitall, Tatum & Co. 1880, Flint
Glassware, Blue Ware, Perfume and Cologne Bottles, Show Bottles and Globes,
Green Glassware, Stoppers, Druggists’ Sundries. Whitall, Tatum & Co.,
Philadelphia, PA.A PDF copy of this catalog is available on
this website, courtesy of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research
Library, Corning, NY at the following link:
1880
Whitall, Tatum & Co. catalog (13.4 mb). The Corning Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1881. 1881 Whitall, Tatum & Co., Glass Manufacturers. Druggist,
Chemists and Perfumers, Druggists’ Sundries. Whitall, Tatum & Co.,
Philadelphia, PA and New York, NY. A PDF copy of this catalog is available on
this website, courtesy of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research
Library, Corning, NY at the following link:
1880
Whitall, Tatum & Co. catalog (13.4 mb). The Corning Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1883. 1883 Whitall, Tatum & Co., Glass Manufacturers. Druggist,
Chemists and Perfumers Glassware. Druggists’ Sundries. Whitall, Tatum & Co.,
Philadelphia and New York. A PDF copy of this catalog is available on
this website, courtesy of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research
Library, Corning, NY at the following link:
1883
Whitall, Tatum & Co. catalog (15.4 mb). The Corning Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1886. 1886 Whitall, Tatum & Co., Glass Manufacturers. Druggist,
Chemists and Perfumers Glassware. Manufacturers and Jobbers of Druggists’ Sundries. Whitall, Tatum & Co.,
Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. A PDF copy of this catalog is available on
this website, courtesy of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research
Library, Corning, NY at the following link:
1886
Whitall, Tatum & Co. catalog (9.0 mb). The Corning Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1894. 1894 Supplemental Price List. Whitall, Tatum & Co., Manufacturers of Druggist, Chemists
and Perfumers Glassware. Manufacturers, Importers, and Jobbers of Druggists’ Sundries. Whitall, Tatum & Co.,
New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. This is a more limited
catalog with fewer bottles and more "druggist sundries." A PDF copy of this catalog is available on
this website, courtesy of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research
Library, Corning, NY at the following link:
1894
Whitall, Tatum & Co. Supplemental Price List/Catalog (5.4 mb). The Corning
Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1904. 1904 Price List of Laboratory Glassware and Apparatus, Whitall, Tatum & Co., Glass Manufacturers, Importers and
Jobbers. Whitall, Tatum Company,
Philadelphia, New York, Boston, San Francisco, Sydney NSW.
This catalog is as the title implies - more about glass lab and glassware and
related with a few bottles. A PDF copy of this catalog is available on
this website, courtesy of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research
Library, Corning, NY at the following link:
1904 Whitall, Tatum Company Laboratory Glassware catalog (11.5 mb). The Corning
Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1913. Annual Price List, July 1st, 1913. Whitall, Tatum
Company, Manufacturers of Druggist, Chemists
and Perfumers Glassware. Manufacturers, Importers, and Jobbers of Druggists’ Sundries. Whitall, Tatum
Company,
Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Sydney NSW, and San Francisco. This
is a large catalog with a lot of bottles of varying types as well as other
"druggist sundries." A PDF copy of this catalog is available on
this website, courtesy of the Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research
Library, Corning, NY at the following link:
1913 Whitall, Tatum Company Annual Price/Catalog (39.1 mb). The Corning
Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Whitall, Tatum & Co.
1924. 1924-1925 Price List. Published
September 1, 1924. Whitall Tatum Company, Manufacturers of Glassware,
Manufacturers, Importers, and Jobbers of Druggists’ Sundries.
Whitall Tatum Company, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, , San Francisco, Sydney,
NSW, Buenos Aires, A. R. This catalog is significant in that it shows that
the company was still offering prescription bottles with plate molds - similar
to the 1913 catalog above - which
almost certainly were mouth-blown bottles. The company also offered “Machine
Made Ware” which were not offered as plate molds.

Note:
An interesting observation is that the W. T. Co. made almost no bottles intended
for any beverages (alcoholic or not) during the time span indicated by the
various bottle catalogs above (57 years). The
only listings for such in any of the catalogs is the earlier versions which
offered a wine bottle (which looked a lot like the whiskey bottles of the era)
and schnapps bottles – both in several sizes. The owners of this glass company
are believed to have been Quakers (Schulz pers. comm. 2006), which helps explain
the lack of liquor bottles though they never apparently offered soda or mineral
water bottles either. The company was however well known for producing plate
mold druggist bottles well into the 20th century.

White, James Seeley.
1974. The Hedden’s Story Handbook of Proprietary Medicines. Durham &
Downey, Portland, OR. Good pictures & history of labeled medicinals from an old
drugstore.

Whitehouse, David.
1993. Glass: A Pocket Dictionary of Terms Commonly Used to Describe Glass
and Glassmaking. The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York. Small,
nicely done book on the subject noted in the title by one of the most reputable
sources for glass information.

Wichmann, Jeff.
1999. The Best of the West: Antique Western Bitters Bottles. Pacific
Glass Books, Sacramento, CA. Excellent color images and good historical
information (primarily from Wilson & Wilson [1969]) on bitters bottles used in
the West.

Wightman Glass Company.
Undated (ca. 1900). Flint Glass Prescription Vials and Bottles, Flasks, etc.
The Thomas Wightman Glass Company, Pittsburgh, PA. Though undated, this
is another of the useful bottle makers catalogs that shows styles, finishes,
etc., though the selection of available molds was limited. The company was in
business under the Thomas Wightman Glass Company name from 1893 until 1917 when
it was renamed the Wightman Bottle & Glass Co. (Lockhart pers. comm. 2008).

Willis, Keith.
1972. Antique Bottles Book 1: Washington-Oregon Whiskies. Privately
published. Crudely done but informative book on the subject including
historical information (which is also found in Thomas [1998a]).

Wills, Geoffrey.
1974. English Glass Bottles 1650-1950 for the Collector. John
Bartholomew and Son, Ltd., Edinburgh, Scotland. A small and moderately
informational book on English bottles including some very useful historical
information.

Wilson, Bill and Betty.
1968. Spirits Bottles of the Old West. Henington Publishing Co, Wolfe
City, TX. One of the best books on the subject of liquor bottles in the U. S.
(not just the West) including lots of company specific information and dating
information.

Wilson, Bill and Betty.
1969. Western Bitters. Northwestern Printing Co., Santa Rosa, CA. One
of the best books on the subject of bitters bottles made and/or sold extensively
in the West. The book includes a copious amount of historical information on
the bottles pictured and discussed including dating information. This book also
includes a large section with great information on Hostetter’s Bitters which was
the most popular U. S. brand produced during the last half of the 19th
century into the early 20th.

Wilson, Bill and Betty.
1971. 19th Century Medicine in Glass. 19th Century
Hobby & Publishing Co., Amador City, CA. Once again, this is one of the best
books on the subject of medicinal bottles made and/or sold in the U. S. It
includes a copious amount of historical information on the bottles pictured and
discussed.

Wilson, Kenneth.
1972. New England Glass & Glassmaking. Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York.
Excellent book on the subject indicated by the title.

Wilson, Kenneth.
1995. American Glass 1760-1930. (2 Volumes) Hudson Hills, Manchester,
VT. Covers a wide array of American made glass items made during the wide era
noted - including bottles - as portrayed by items in the collection of the
Toledo Museum of Art. Has some good historical and manufacturing related
information including different type of molds used to make bottle and other
glass items. This work also contains an excellent glossary of glassmaking
and related terminology.

Wilson, Rex L.
1981. Bottles on the Western Frontier. University of Arizona Press,
Tucson, AZ. Another excellent - and scholarly - book largely based on the
excavations of bottles made at several 19th century military forts in
the West. The following
overview is from Lockhart (2004i):

Wilson’s section on
manufacturer’s marks was restricted to Appendix A, pages 113-130, although he
included brief references to the marks, identification, and date ranges
throughout the text. Except for a very short discussion on marks found on
ceramic bottles, the section only discussed marks on bases of beer bottles found
at Fort Union. Wilson explained, “The marks are depicted here because the
bottles can be dated safely between 1863 and 1891 [the dates Fort Union was
open]” (Wilson 1981:113). Wilson included no dates for each mark but attributed
them to factories in most cases. He illustrated each mark found on the site
along with accompanying letters, numbers, and symbols. Wilson provided an
excellent study of mark variation.

Wood,
Mabel C.
1973. Chemung County New York - Bottles, Bottlers, and their Stories.
Golos Publishing Co., Elmira Heights, New York. This decently illustrated and
relatively well researched book has some very useful historical information
(including date ranges) about the businesses - and the bottles they used - in
the Elmira, NY (south central NY) area.

Wood,
Zang.
1998. New Mexico Blobs – Hutchs – Mineral Waters. Privately published,
Flora Vista, NM. I have no experience with this book but it reportedly has
excellent historical research on the companies that used the illustrated
bottles.

World
Book Encyclopedia.
1958. Bottles in the Making. Field Enterprises Education Corporation.

Year
Book of the Commercial, Banking, and Manufacturing Interests of St. Louis.
1882. Year Book of the Commercial, Banking, and Manufacturing Interests of
St. Louis with a General Review of its Transportation Facilities and Business
Progress. S. Ferd. Howe & Co., St. Louis.

Young, James Harvey.
1962. The Toadstool Millionaires – A Social History of Patent Medicines in
America before Federal Regulation. Princeton University Press, Princeton,
NJ. Great history of the age of quackery and the patent medicine industry in
the US up to around the passage of the Pure Food & Drugs Act of 1906. Note:
This entire book is available now online at this URL:
http://www.quackwatch.org/13Hx/TM/00.html

Young, James Harvey.
1967. The Medical Messiahs. Princeton University Press, Princeton,
NJ. This book takes off where the Toadstool Millionaires ends, covering
the history of “quackery” in the 20th century up to the time the book
was written.

Zeber, Dan W.
(Undated, ca. 1910-1920). Dan W. Zeber, Bottles and Glassware,
Pittsburgh, PA. Unknown publisher. This catalog is certainly that of
a jobber for saloon/bar supplies and not a glass maker. It does, however,
have a wide assortment of liquor bottles listed as well as a lot of interesting
supplies for the saloon owner during the period just prior to National
Prohibition; the variety of bar glassware and supplies is amazing!
A PDF copy of this catalog is available on this website, courtesy of the Corning
Museum of Glass (CMOG), Rakow Research Library, Corning, NY at the following
link:
Early 1900s Dan Zeber bottles and bar glassware catalog (32.5 mb). The Corning
Museum of Glass requires users
must adhere to the following caveat: Users are free to
download this catalog for personal use. However, if users wish to publish
or reproduce this catalog in any way, they must contact the CMOG atrights@cmog.org.

Zumwalt, Betty
1980. Ketchup, Pickles, Sauces - 19th Century Food in Glass. Mark West
Publishers, Fulton, CA. 480 pp. Great coverage of food and sauce bottles
including company histories, advertising, patents, with lots of photographs.
(This is the same person as Betty Wilson.)

INTERNET
REFERENCE SITES

British Glass.
2004. Any Questions, Every Answer (Q&A page). Homepage:
http://www.britglass.org.uk/ This is a webpage sponsored by 6
different British glass producers and includes some interesting information on
glass making.

Fadely, Don.
2016. Don Fadely has an exceptional website
dedicated to hair product bottles -
both medicinal and cosmetic.
The
website is an updated, online version of his out-of-print
book Hair Raising Stories (Fadely 1992).
It includes excellent historical
information on and images of hundreds of "hair" bottles primarily from the
19th century with some overlap into the early 20th century. Don's
website is an excellent
resource for researchers as well as just plain interesting reading for anyone! It is available at this link:
http://www.hairraisingstories.com

Fowler, Ron.
2015. The Hutchinson Bottle Directory. Ron Fowler has
recently completed a website that includes a searchable directory database
of over 19,400
different embossed Hutchinson soda bottles that he has cataloged (images of
over 16,000 of them!). It is available a this link:
http://www.hutchbook.com Although still a bit of a work in
progress (primarily the inclusion of the remaining bottle images) this website
is already a marvelous
resource for those trying to identify soda bottles and fragments as well as so much
more.

Hinson, Dave.
2002. Frequently Asked Questions – Fruit Jars.
http://www.av.qnet.com/~glassman/info/jarfaq.htm This is part of the
Federation of Historic Bottle Collectors (FOHBC) website. The FOHBC site is
one of the better resources on bottle collecting and bottle related historic
information.

Hunt, William J.
Jr.
(compiler). 1995. Embossed Medicine Bottle Labels: An Electronic Finding Aid
for the Identification of Archeological Specimens. National Park Service,
Midwest Archeological Center, Lincoln, Nebraska. Revised August, 1997. On the
internet at:
http://www.cr.nps.gov/mwac/bottle_glass/ A comprehensive listing of
embossed medicine bottles compiled from dozens of reference sources. Hunt’s
listing itself doesn’t provide any history but does note the reference source
for each of the 6000+ listed bottles.

Kyvig, David.
1979. "Repealing National Prohibition" Schaffer Library of Drug Policy,
University of Chicago. This web based article is an excellent overview of
Prohibition - the times leading up to it, National Prohibition itself, and its
eventual repeal. It can be found at the following link:
http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/rnp/RNP1.html

Mobley, Bruce.
2005. Beer Bottle Library of Embossed Beer Bottles. A great site to
view an extensive array of different pre-Prohibition beer bottles from around
the country that may be of use to some viewers for fragment identification. It
is at the following link:
http://brucemobley.com/beerbottlelibrary/

Spurgeon, Greg.
2004. Jar Colors. Greg Spurgeon Antiques website located at the following
URL:
http://www.hoosierjar.com. Nicely done webpage concentrating on fruit jars
with good color information with good quality pictures.

University of Utah.
1982 (Bottle section – Part 472 - revised 1992). Intermountain Antiquities
Computer System (IMACS) Guide. This work has been maintained by the University of Utah though
co-sponsored by several other agencies including several Intermountain BLM
states and National Forests. Links to various portions of this work -
including bottles - is available at the following link:
http://anthro.utah.edu/labs/imacs.php
(Note: According to a user, this webpage soon may not be available
when a new Utah Site Form is officially introduced in the near future.
[Stephanie Lechert, SWCA Environmental Consultants, pers. comm.
11/2016]) A copy of the bottle related portions of the IMACS has
been scanned, combined and is available via this website at the following link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/IMACSUsersGuide1992.pdf
This was a guide to assist agency
archaeologists in inputting information into a database; it is pending
replacement by a different document just for Utah. Among many areas of
pre-historic and historic archaeology, it contains and a good (though limited)
overview of bottle manufacturing techniques, dating tools, diagnostic
characteristics, and related information including some decent line drawings.

von Mechow, Tod.
2009. Soda & Beer Bottles of North America.
This is an excellent website that is a great resource on the subject of earlier
soda and beer bottles made and used in North American. It includes a wealth of
information on mouth-blown soda and beer bottles including finishes, styles,
closures, etc. and includes thousands of images, dating information and more for
over 25,000 bottles (as of late 2011)! It is available at the following link:
http://www.sodasandbeers.com

Whitten, David.
2005 (updated with new URL 2012). Glass Manufacturers' Marks on Bottles. Webpage located at the following
URL: http://www.glassbottlemarks/bottlemarks/ This is an
excellent resource on bottle makers markings, which is constantly
being updated and refined. The following overview is from
Lockhart (2004i):

This is one of the most
useful and well-maintained websites for researchers of manufacturer’s marks.
Whitten (a member of the research group to which this author belongs) has
compiled an accurate list alphabetically ordered by marks. Generally, the site
contains minimal factory information, although Whitten occasionally includes
longer discussions and provides links to other pages for additional information
on selected companies. These pages are updated on a regular basis and tap into
the latest information available from our group research as well as Whitten’s
own individual work. Unlike the other sources listed in this bibliography, this
site is immediately accessible to almost anyone (requires a computer and
internet access). For a fast and accurate identification of manufacturer’s
marks, this is an excellent resource.

Anonymous.
1958. Drip-or-pour closure. Modern Packaging 31(4):101. Article about
the switch by Lea & Perrins from the shell cork and stopper closure to a
plastic pour spout and an external threaded finish/cap.

Atwater, R. M.
1893. The Glass-Making Industry in America. Engineering Magazine
4:883-897. Interesting period piece on the subject noted in the title.

Baab, Bill.
2005. High Caliber Bottle Designed for Atlanta’s Gate City Guard.
Bottles and Extras 16(4):4,6, Johnson City, TN. Short article about the use of
the “Newman” flask by a early “National Guard” unit in Atlanta, GA. In 1880.

Beaudet, Pierre R.
1981. Bottle Glass from a Privy at Fort George Military Reserve, Ontario.
History and Archaeology #45, p. 83-122. National Historic Parks and Sites
Branch, Parks Canada, Environment Canada. Includes an apparently solid
reference to a turn-mold bottle produced in the mid 1850s.

Berge, Dale L. 1968.
The Gila Bend Stage Station. The Kiva – Journal of the Arizona
Archaeological and Historical Society 33(4):169-243. Informative article about
a site in Arizona that was occupied from about 1850 to 1890; the site was dated
in part by an analysis of the bottles unearthed.

Bernas, Barry.
2011. The Evolution of Jar Machine. (Originally privately published as part of the 2011 Fruit Jar Annual.)
This article is being made available here compliments of the author and is a
fascinating history of the late 19th century evolution of wide mouth,
press-and-blow jar making technology and machines. Click on the following
link to access this article:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/evolutionjarmachineBernas.pdf

Bridgeton Evening News.
1889. "Glassblowers' Lingo." Bridgeton Evening News
(Millville, NJ), August 24th, 1889. Interesting period source from a
concentrated glassmaking area for various glass making terminology used in the
glass houses of that period.

Brose, David S. and
David W. Rupp.
1967. The Custer Road Dump
Site: An Exercise in Victorian Archaeology.
The Michigan Archaeologist 13(2):37-138, Michigan Archaeological Society, Ann
Arbor, MI. A report of the findings of an historic site excavation in Michigan
that includes bottles dating between 1876 and 1895. The bottles are described
in “Appendix on Glass Bottles from the Custer Road Dump
Site.”

Busch, Jane.
1987. Second Time Around: A Look at Bottle Reuse. Historical
Archaeology, 21(1):67-80. Also found in the 1991 book Approaches to Material
Culture: Research for Historical Archaeologists, pp. 113-126. (Society for
Historical Archaeology, California & Pennsylvania.) This is an excellent
article on the subject of bottle reuse in the U.S. This article is
now available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical
Archaeology at this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Buschbottlereuse.pdf

Cable, Michael.
1999. Mechanization of Glass Manufacture. Journal of the American
Ceramics Society 82(5): 1093-1112. Excellent article on the mechanization of
the glass making industry during the first half of the 20th century.

Cannon, Dr. Richard.
1990. The Pontil Scar. Antique Bottle & Glass Collector 7(2):66-69 (June
1990), E. Greenville, PA. Short and concise article on the subject largely
based on Toulouse’s work (Toulouse 1968 & subsequent re-visions). Dr.
Cannon has authored an ongoing and long term (since 1985) series
of articles in this magazine which are often quite excellent. Most of
these articles can be found online at the
magazine’s website -
http://glswrk-auction.com/index.htm

Carley,
Caroline D.
1981. Historical and Archaeological Evidence of 19th Century
Fever Epidemics at Hudson's Bay Company's Fort Vancouver.
Historical
Archaeology, 15(1):19–35. (This article is a condensed version of a Master's
thesis, University
of Idaho, Moscow.) This article is not specifically referenced on this website
but is an excellent example of the use of excavated artifacts – including bottle
fragments - in hand with the historical record in reconstructing the probable
details of an important historical event; in this case, the malaria epidemics of
the early 19th century Northwest. This article is now
available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology at
this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Carley1981.pdf

Culhane, Phil.
2015. Late Persian Bottles - the "Black Glass" of the Middle East.
Bottles and Extras Magazine 26(3):48-55 (May-June 2015). Excellent and
well illustrated article on the subject of Persian (modern day Iran) bottles,
aka "Persian saddle flasks," including the dating of them from the 1600s until
the 20th century.

Dillon, C. L.
1958. Current Trends in Glass Technology. American Journal of Enology
9(2):59-63, American Society of Enologists, Davis, CA. Short but concise
overview of glass composition and colors.

Goodacre, Rob.
1995. Hiram Codd’s Marble Bottle. Bottles and Extras Magazine
7(7):28-29 (July 1995). Very good article on the history of the Codd bottle
including the manufacturing of the bottle itself.

Griffenhagen,
George B.
1969. One Man’s Poison is Another Man’s Hobby. The Western Collector,
7(10):476-481(October 1969), San Francisco, CA. One of the better articles on
the subject of poison bottles.

Guest, Gary.
2007. A Short History of Cider. Antique Bottle & Glass Collector
24(3):14-17 (July 2007). Article discussing American cider (fermented apple
juice) use and the bottles that contained the product in the 19th
century.

Hagenbuch, James.
2005. Not everything is what it seems. Antique Bottle & Glass Collector
21(10):10-11 (February 2005). Interesting article about the disparate ages of
the mid-19th century “Corn for the World” figured flasks.

Ham, Bill.
2006. John Moffat’s Phoenix Bitters. Antique Bottle & Glass Collector
22(12):32-35 (April 2006). Article that includes useful history of the Phoenix
Bitters which was one of the most popular “bitters” of the mid-19th
century.

Hill, Sarah H.
1982. An Examination of Manufacture – Deposition Lag for Glass Bottles from
Late Historic Sites. In book Archaeology of Urban America, The Search
for Pattern and Process,
edited by Roy S. Dickens, Jr., pp. 291-327. Academic Press, New York

Hinson, Dave.
1995. The Early Fruit Jars of the Pacific and San Francisco Glass Works.
Bottles and Extras, July 1995, Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors.

Hoenig, Russ, Bill
Lockhart, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Les Jordan, Bill Lindsey and Phil Perry.
2008e. The Dating Game - Berney-Bond Glass Company. Bottles and Extras
19(5*):33-42 (September/October 2008).
Covers the history and related maker’s markings for the Berney-Bond Glass
Company (PA.). This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BerneyBond.pdf
(*Note: This issue was mistakenly numbered as 19(3) on the cover and 19(4) on
the title page; it should actually be numbered as 19(5).)

Howard, George E.
1950. Glass Containers. The Glass Industry, 31(4):183-190,214,216,218.
Excellent and quite detailed overview of the transition from hand (mouth-blown)
process to mechanization in the container glass industry including very good
descriptions of the various processes.

Hume, Ivor Noel.
1961. The Glass Wine Bottle in Colonial Virginia.
Journal of Glass Studies, Vol. 3:90-117, Corning, NY. A summary of the
information of the information in this article is likely found in Hume (1991) although this article has not been reviewed by the
website author.

Iwen, Marg.
2006. Shield F – The Mark of Quality. Bottles and Extras
17(1):13-26,72-75. History of the Federal Glass Company, Columbus, OH.
Excellent overview also of glass making machinery and processes.

Jones,
Olive R.
1971a. Glass Bottle Push-Ups and Pontil Marks. Historical Archaeology 5:62-73. Also found in the 1991 book Approaches to Material Culture:
Research for Historical Archaeologists, pp. 87-98. Society for Historical
Archaeology, California & Pennsylvania. This article is one of the best
resources on the subject of push-ups and pontil marks and is now available as a
pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology at this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Jones1971.pdf

Jones, Olive R.
1971b. Some Comments on the Newman Dating Key. Society for Historical
Archaeology Newsletter 4(3):7-13. A critique of 1970 Newman’s dating key by a
leading expert in the field of historic bottle dating and identification.

Jones,
Olive R. 1981. Essence of Peppermint, a History of the
Medicine and its Bottle. Historical Archaeology 15(2):1-57.
This article
is now available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical
Archaeology at this URL: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Jones1981.pdf

Jones, Olive R.1983a.
The Contribution of the Ricketts’ Mold to the Manufacture of the English
"Wine" Bottle, 1820-1850. Journal of Glass Studies 25:167-77.

Jones, Olive R.
1983b. London
Mustard Bottles.
Historical Archaeology 17(1):69-84. This article is now available as a pdf file
compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology at this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Jones1983.pdf

Jones,
Olive R.
1993. Commercial Foods, 1740-1820. Historical Archaeology 27(2):25-41.
Interesting article on the early packaging of commercial food products in glass
as well as other materials (i.e., wood, metal, ceramics, etc.). This article is now
available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology at
this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Jones1993.pdf

Kendrick, Grace.
1967. About Old Bottles (regular column with information about mold air
venting). Western Collector 5(6):45 (June 1967), San Francisco, CA.

Lilienthal,
Richard.
2003. A Mystery in our Book Solved. The Potomac Pontil June 2003 issue,
pages 2-5. Very informative article on the “slotted finish” type milk bottle
and the Belle Pre Bottle Co. who made them.

Lindsey, Bill.
2009. Rabbit Trails: The Twisted Path to Bottle Identification. Bottles
and Extras 20(3):38-44. Article by the website author about the various
researching “trails” one ends up following in the quest for bottle
identification and history information. This article is available on this site
at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/crystalsodaarticle.pdf

Lindsey,
Bill. 2010. The Finishing Touch: A Primer on Mouth-blown Bottle Finishing Methods.
Web published manuscript (this site). Click on the link above to view/download this article (32 pages and full of illustrations). The author of this website has prepared a summary of the mouth-blown
bottle finishing methods section on the Bottle Finishes & Closures
page which is available as a downloadable and printable (pdf) article. This copyrighted article is pending
tentative publishing as
part of a future Society for Historical Archaeology book on bottle
and glass manufacturing but is being made available to users of this site as
a free download.

Lockhart, Bill and
Wanda Olszewski.
1994. Excavation and Analysis of a Nineteenth Century Bottle Pit in San
Elizario, Texas. The Artifact, 32(1):29-49.

Lockhart, Bill.
2001d. A New Twist Uncapping Old Information About Glass Artifacts. In
Jornada Mogollon Archaeology: Collected Papers from the Eleventh Jornada
Mogollon Conference. Edited by Patrick H. Beckett, pp. 101-117. Coas
Publishing and Research, Las Cruces. This article also available on this site
at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/A%20New%20Twist.htm

Lockhart, Bill. 2004i.
An Annotated Bibliography
of Manufacturers Marks. Society for Historical Archaeology (SHA)
Newsletter, 37(4):10-13. A useful listing and evaluation of many of the
most important references dealing with bottle makers markings. All of
Bill's evaluations are included where appropriate on this References page.
This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Sources2.pdf

Lockhart, Bill.
2006a.
A Tale of Two Machines and A Revolution in Soft Drink Bottling. Bottles
and Extras 17(2):19-25. Excellent article on the conversion of soda bottles
from mouth-blown to machine production as well as several other subjects. This
article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/TaleofTwoMachines_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill.
2007. The Origins and Life of the Export Beer Bottle. Bottles and
Extras 18(3):49-57, 59. This article is THE best source of information on this
most common of beer bottle styles for the past 130+ years. This article is
available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ExportBeerBottles_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill.
2010a. The Dating Game – In Pursuit of the Elusive Diamond G. Bottles &
Extras 21(2):56-60. This is an article on the process used by the author for
markers marking research using the Diamond G mark (General Glass Co. who
were absorbed by Hocking Glass Co. in 1935). This article is available
on this website at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DiamondG.pdf

Lockhart, Bill.
2010b. The IPG Mark - Not Quite. The Milk Route
356:3. This is a very short discussion of a few West Coast makers marks
found on earlier machine-made bottles. This article is available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/NotQuite.pdf

Beginning late
2012, additional bottle makers marking articles (including updates/revisions of older works) by the
Bottle Research Group are being exclusively e-published on this
website as part of the effort to complete the -

"ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MANUFACTURERS MARKS ON
GLASS CONTAINERS"

Together, these
works will comprise the noted
Encyclopedia. These will
include
brand new articles as well as
updates/revisions of previously
published articles.

They are all
listed and noted on this
Reference
Sources/Bibliography page with the
following:

This article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on
Glass Containers.

Lockhart, Bill. 2013a.
The Strange Case of the Aetna and
Arsenal Glass Works. Historic Glass Bottle
Identification & Information Website, E-published January 2013. This
article is a revision and update of a previously published article (Lockhart
2010c) on the noted glass factories.
It is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AetnaArsenal.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill. 2013b.
The Glass Houses of Alfred
Alexander. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published February 2013.
This relatively short article outlines the history - and related maker’s
markings - of several 19th to early 20th century English glass factories which
made a few bottles for the U. S. market. This article is available on this
website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AlexanderCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill. 2013c.
A. G. Smalley & Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published August 2013. Article on the noted
company and related ones which operated from the late 19th century until well in
the 20th. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AGSmalley.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill. 2013d.
The Bodine Glass Companies. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published December 2013. Article on the noted
mid-19th century company that specialized in producing early fruit jars. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Bodine.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill.
2014a. Frank O'Neill and the O'Neill Glass Machines.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published February 2014.Another great article web published here exclusively! This article is about some
significant late 19th to early 20th century, press-and-blow, semi and fully
automatic machines that were eventually able to make narrow neck bottles as well
as wide mouth bottles and jars. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ONeillmachines.pdf

Lockhart, Bill.
2014b. Consumer Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published September 2014.
Article on this Canadian bottle/glass company that was in business for much
of the 20th century. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ConsumersGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill. 2015. A Tour Through Time in
Vaseline Jars.Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published August 2015.
Another exclusive article published here only; this one on
the fascinating history and bottles of yet another well know product (Vaseline)
that is still in production today.
This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Vaseline2015.pdf

Lockhart, Bill and Barry Bernas. 2013 .
The Anchor
Glass Co., L. E. Smith Glass Company, and the Mystery of the Anchor Fruit Jar.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published March 2013. This article primarily covers the
various companies associated with the Anchor Fruit Jar.
This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AnchorGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill and Barry
Bernas.2014. Turning Blue: Charles Blue and the Early
Jar Machines. In the "Guide to Collecting Fruit Jars: Fruit Jar Annual
2014" by Jerry McCann , pp. 19-47. Privately published. As noted in the articles introduction: "Charles
Edwin Blue created the first really successful jar and wide-mouth bottle
machine. Between 1894 and 1912, Blue patented ten such machines, corresponding
to the rise of the Atlas Glass Co. – from 1896 to 1902. This study examines the
earliest machines – made by Blue and others – the manufacturing characteristics
they left on jars, and ramifications applied to identifying early jars made by
the Atlas Glass Co."
This
article is available on this website at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/TheBLueMachine.pdf

Lockhart, Bill and Russ
Hoenig. 2015. A
Bewildering Array of Owens-Illinois Glass Co.
Logos and Codes.Historic Glass Bottle
Identification & Information Website,
E-published March 2015.
This is an important and substantive update to
the now long-in-the-tooth article on the
Owens-Illinois Glass Company (Lockhart
2004d) and its markers markings co-authored with
Russ Hoenig, a now retired senior engineer for
the Owens-Illinois Glass Co. This
is another exclusive article published only on
the Historic Bottle Website, but which is
destined to also be included in a pending SHA
book on historic bottles.
This article is
available at the following link:
Updated Owens-Illinois Glass Company
article.

Lockhart, Bill and Bill Porter. 2010.
The Dating Game:
Tracking the Hobble-Skirt Coca-Cola Bottle. Bottles & Extras
21(5):46-61. Comprehensive article on the origins and history of this
famous bottle. This article is available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/coca-cola.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Jim Sears and Bernard Schriever. 2013.
A. R. Samuel, The Philadelphia Jar Maker.Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published August 2013. Article on the noted
company and related ones which operated from the late 19th century through much
of the 20th. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ARSamuel.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill and Harvey S. Teal (with contributions by Tod von Mechow).
2011. The Dating Game: Will the Real AGCo. Please Stand Up and the
ACCo. Sit Down? Bottles and Extras 22(4):49-58. Comprehensive
article exploring the possibilities for the AGCo. mark and how it is mistakenly
called the ACCo. mark. This article is available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BandE22-4.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
David Whitten, Bill Lindsey, and Carol Serr.
2004 (unpublished manuscript). William McCully & Co. Another
work in progress by the Bottle Research group. History of the grouping of
companies owned/operated by McCully.

Lockhart, Bill,
David Whitten, Bill Lindsey, Jay Hawkins, and Carol Serr.
2005c. The Dating Game: The Ihmsen Glass Company. Bottles and Extras
16(2):26-31,39 (Spring 2005). Also covers the Cunningham family as well as the
Ihmsen glass makers. This article available on this site at:http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BLockhart_Ihmsen.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Michael Miller, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr, and David Whitten.
2005d. The Dating Game: Illinois Pacific –
A Division of the Illinois Glass Company.
Bottles and Extras 16(4):73-80 (Fall 2005). Comprehensive history of the
Illinois Pacific Glass Co. including products and makers marks. This article is
available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/IGPCO_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Bill Lindsey, David Whitten and Carol Serr.
2005e. Debunking the Myth of the Side Seam Thermometer. Bottles and
Extras 16(4):14-15,41 (Fall 2005). Article correcting the myth that bottles can
be dated via the height of a bottle mold side seam. This article is available
on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Thermometer_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Carol Serr, David Whitten, Bill Lindsey, and Pete Schulz.
2006b. The Dating Game: Whitall Tatum & Co. Bottles and Extras
17(2):57-69 (Summer 2006). Very in-depth article on one of the larger bottle
making concerns in the U. S.; especially known for druggist bottles. This
article available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/WTandCo_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Bill Lindsey, and David Whitten.
2007a. The Dating Game: The American Bottle Co., A Study of Contracts and
Contradictions. Bottles and Extras 18(1):47-58 (January/February 2007).
Very comprehensive article about the history of the American Bottle Company,
including makers marks. This article also available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/American_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Bill Lindsey, and David Whitten.
2007b. The Dating Game: The Distinctive marks of the Charles Boldt Glass Co.
Bottles and Extras 18(2):50-53 (March/April 2007). Very comprehensive
article about the history of the Charles Boldt Glass Co., including makers
marks. This article also available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BoldtGlassCo_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2007c. The Dating Game: Thatcher Glass Mfg. Co. Bottles and Extras
18(4):53-65 (July/August 2007). Very comprehensive article about the history of
the Thatcher Glass Co., including makers marks. This article also available on
this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Thatcher_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2007d. The Dating Game: De Steiger Glass Co. Bottles and Extras
18(5):31-37 (September/October 2007). Comprehensive article about the history
of the De Steiger Glass Co., including makers marks. This article also
available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DeSteiger_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2007e. The Dating Game: The C. L. Flaccus Glass Co. Bottles and Extras
18(6):40-43,65 (November/December 2007). History of the C. L. Flaccus Glass
Company and related Flaccus endeavors. This article is available on this
site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CLFlaccusGlassCo_BRG.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2008a. The Dating Game: Hermann Heye Glasfabrik. Bottles and Extras
19(1):57-59, 62 (January/February 2008). Covers the history of a major German
glass company which was a large exporter of bottles to the U. S.
This article is available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/HermannHeyeGlasfabrik_BRG.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Jay Hawkins, and Bill Lindsey.
2008b. The Dating Game: William Frank & Sons, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania (1866-1875).
Bottles and Extras 19(2):32-36 (March/April 2008). Covers the history of
William Frank & Sons and the related maker's markings. This
article is available on this site at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/WmFrankandSons_BRG.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2008c. The Knox Glass Bottle Co. Bottles and Extras 19(3):54-63 (May/June
2008). Covers the history of the Knox Glass Bottle Co. and an update to an
earlier article (Lockhart 2004) on the subject. This article is available on
this site at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Knox2_BRG.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2008d. The Kearns Glass Companies. Bottles and Extras 19(4):50-58
(July/August 2008). Covers the
history - and related maker’s markings - of the various Kearns Glass Companies
in Zanesville, OH. (primarily). This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KearnsGlassCo_BLockhart.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2008e. Milk Bottle Production at the Knox Glass Bottle Co. The Milk
Route Vol. 335 (September 2008).
Covers the history of milk bottle production at the noted glass manufacturer; it
has a different perspective than the other Knox article (Lockhart et al. 2008c)
noted above. This article is available on this site at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Knox-TMR2008.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, David Whitten, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2009a. The Dating Game – Marks Used by the Mississippi and
Lindell Glass Companies.
Bottles and Extras 20(1):34-43, 56-58 (January/February 2009).
This article outlines the history - and related maker’s markings - of the noted
related glass companies. The article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/mississippi-lindell.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey with Michael R. Miller and David
Whitten.
2009b. The Dating Game – Southern Glass Co. Bottles and Extras
20(6):50-61 (November/December 2009).
This article outlines the history - and related maker’s markings - of the noted
glass company. The article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/southernglass.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2010a. The Dating Game – The Owens Bottle Co. Bottles and Extras
21(1):50-62 (January/February 2010). This article outlines the history - and
related maker’s markings - of the noted glass company. The article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/owensbottlecompany.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2010b. The DuBois Glass Co. The Milk Route Vol. 352 (February 2010).
This article outlines the history - and related maker’s markings - of the noted
glass company which produced primarily milk bottles during the early 20th
century. The article is available on this website at: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DBGCo.pdf

Lockhart, Bill,
Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2010c. The Adolphus Busch Glass Factories. Bottles and Extras
21(5):45-52 (November/December 2010). This article outlines the history - and
related maker’s markings - of the noted glass company. This article is
available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AdolphusBusch.pdf

Lockhart,
Bill, Pete Schulz, Al Morin, and others. 2010d.
The
Mysterious Numbering System. The Milk Route #359:1-4 (September 2010).
An article covering the strange number system noted on early to mid-20th century
glass milk bottles. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Numbering-L.pdf

Lockhart,
Bill, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever, and Bill Lindsey.
2011b. Blake-Hart: The Square Milk Bottle. The
Milk Route - Part I (#369:1-3 [July 2011]) & Part II (#370:1-3 [August 2011]).
Article on the first successful purveyor of square milk bottles in the 1920s.
(Blake-Hart invented and sold these milk bottles but did not make them as they
were produced by other bottle/glass making companies) of square milk bottles.
This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BlakeHart2011.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey. 2012a.
American Glass Works, Ltd. and American Glass Works, Pittsburgh.
Bottles and Extras 23(1):52-58 (January/February 2012). This article
outlines the history - and related markings - of these two glass companies which
used very similar markings. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BandE23-1.pdf

Important Note!

Beginning late
2012, additional bottle makers marking articles (including
updates/revisions of older works) by the
Bottle Research Group are being exclusively e-published on this
website as part of the effort to complete the -

"ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MANUFACTURERS MARKS ON
GLASS CONTAINERS"

Together, these
works will comprise the noted
Encyclopedia.
These will include
brand new articles as well as
updates/revisions of previously
published articles.

They are all
listed and noted on this
Reference
Sources/Bibliography page with
the following:

This article is part of the
Encyclopedia of
Manufacturers Marks on Glass Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Carol Serr, Bill Lindsey, and Beau Schriever. 2012b.
Acme Glass Company and the Acme Logos. Historic Glass Bottle Identification
& Information Website, E-published September 2012.
This article outlines the history - and related maker’s markings - of this
largely 20th century company and an array of related prior (19th century)
companies. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AcmeGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol
Serr, Beau Schriever and Bill Lindsey. 2013a.
American
Glass Works - Richmond and Paden City. Bottles and Extras 24(1):13-15,
58-62 (January/February 2013). This article outlines the history - and
related markings - of these glass companies which had the same name and
sometimes markings as those in the article above. This article is
available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BandE24-1.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey,
and Carol Serr, . 2013b. The John Adams Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published January 2013.
This article outlines the history - and related maker’s markings - of several
related Pittsburgh, PA. glass companies in the 19th century. This article
is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AdamsCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey. 2013c.
The Adolphus Busch Glass Factories. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published January 2013. This article is a revision
and update of a previously published article (Lockhart et al. 2010c) on the
noted glass factories.
This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pddfiles/AdolphusBusch2.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Barry
Bernas, Harvey Teal, Tod von Mechow, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr, and Beau
Schriever. 2013d. The A. G. Co. Logo. Historic Glass
Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published January 2013.
This article covers the assortment of companies that did - or could have - used
the noted logo.
It is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AGCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr,
Beau
Schriever and Bill Lindsey. 2013e. The John Agnew
Companies. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
February 2013. This article covers the various companies associated
with or controlled by John Agnew in the 19th century. It is available on
this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Agnew.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr,
Beau
Schriever and Bill Lindsey (with contributions by Ken Farnsworth, Jay Hawkins
and Tod von Mechow). 2013f. The Glass Factories and
Bottles of Alexander and David H. Chambers. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March 2013. This article covers the various companies associated
with or controlled by the Chambers family in the 19th century. It is available on
this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/A&DHChambers.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr, David Whitten and Beau Schriever. 2013g.
The American Bottle Co.: A Study in Contrasts and Contradictions.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published March 2013. This article is a revision
and update of a previously published article (Lockhart et al. 2007a) on the
noted glass factory and its precursors.
This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AmericanBottleCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey with contributions by Jay
Hawkins. 2013h.
American Glass Works, Ltd. and American Glass Works, Pittsburgh.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published March 2013. This article is a revision
and update of a previously published article (Lockhart et al. 2012a) on the
noted glass factory and its precursors.
This article
is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AmGWPittsburgh.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever,
Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr. 2013i.
Armstrong Cork Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published April 2013. Article
on the assortment of largely (but not exclusively) 20th century companies
that resulted in the Armstrong Cork Co. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ArmstrongCork.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey with contributions by Jay
Hawkins. 2013j.
Alexander Arbogast. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published April 2013.
Article on the assortment of largely 19th century entities that produced bottles
and other glass as well as developed and patented critical processes and
machinery related to bottle making. This article is available on this
website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Arbogast.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol
Serr, Beau Schriever and Bill Lindsey. 2013k.
American
Glass Works - Richmond and Paden City. Historic Glass Bottle
Identification & Information Website, E-published April 2013. This article
is a revision and update of a previously published article (Lockhart et al.
2013a) on the noted glass factories and precursors. This article is
available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AmGWRichmond.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr, . 2013l.
Anchor-Hocking Glass Corp. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published April 2013.
Article on the assortment of largely 20th century companies that resulted in the Anchor-Hocking
Glass Corporation. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AnchorHocking.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Bill
Lindsey, Beau Schriever and Carol Serr, . 2013m.
Atlantic
Bottle Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published April 2013.
Article on the 20th century companies that resulted in the Atlantic
Bottle Company. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Atlantic.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Bill
Lindsey, Beau Schriever and Carol Serr, . 2013n.
The
Atterbury Glass Houses. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published April 2013.
Article on the 19th and early 20th century Pittsburgh companies connected with
the Atterbury Brothers.This article is available on this website
at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Atterbury.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Bill Lindsey, and Carol Serr with contributions from Tom Caniff. 2013o.
A. M. Foster & Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published May 2013.
Article on the various related glass companies operating over a wide span of
time in the 19th and 20th century operated by the Foster's with various
connections to other glassmakers including Thomas Sheldon and Charles Dean.This article is available on this website
at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AMFoster.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey . 2013p.
Arthur,
Burnham & Gilroy: A Study of Unlikely Relationships in Early Fruit Jars. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published August 2013.
Article on the assortment of interesting mid-19th century companies that largely
produced fruit/canning jars. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ArthurBurnham&Gilroy.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Bill
Lindsey, Beau Schriever and Carol Serr, . 2013q.
Other
"A" Marks. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published August 2013. "Catch-all" article on
an array of bottle markings - some makers marks, most not - from the 19th and 20th centuries.This article is available on this website
at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AOther.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey . 2013r.
Bagley &
Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published September 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this late 19th &
20th century English glass maker whose wares are commonly encountered in North
America. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Bagley&Co.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr . 2013s.
The Baker
Brothers and the Baltimore Glass Works. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published September 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this complex of related
early 19th to early 20th century glass makers. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BakerBros.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr,
Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever and Bill Lindsey . 2013t.
Baker
& Cutting and the Firms of Francis Cutting. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published September 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this mid 19th century
Western American glass maker whose wares are sometimes encountered on Western
American historic sites. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Baker&Cutting.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey (with contributions by Jim Sears). 2013u.
Ball
Brothers Glass Mfg. Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published October 2013.
Article on the history, bottles/jars, and makers markings of this well known
late 19th through the entire 20th century glass maker. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BallBros.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey. 2013v.
From
Premium Glass Co. to Bartlett-Collins. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published October 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this complex of related
20th century glass makers. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BartlettCollins.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey. 2013w.
Beck,
Phillips - The Bakewells - and the Brunswick Pharmacal Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published October 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this complex of related
companies that spanned the 19th and 20th centuries. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Beck&Bakewell.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey. 2013x.
Bellaire
Bottle Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published November 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this late 19th to early
20th century bottle/glass company. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Bellaire.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey. 2013y.
Bell Pre
Bottle Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published November 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this early 20th century
bottle/glass maker. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BellePre.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey. 2013z.
Belleville
Glass Company. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published November 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this late 19th century
bottle/glass making company that was in business a short time in the 1880s but
produced a lot of different bottles and jars. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BellevilleGlassCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr, Bill Lindsey and David Whitten. 2013aa.
B.
F. G. Co. Logos. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published December 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of several glass companies
that used the B. F. G. Co. logo on a wide variety of bottles and jars from the
mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BFGCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, David
Whitten, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Beau
Schriever, and Bill Lindsey. 2013bb.
Binghamton Glass Co.
and BGCo on a Crown-Finished Bottle. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published December 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this late 19th to early
20th century glass company. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BinghamtonGCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Carol Serr, Beau
Schriever, and Bill Lindsey. 2013cc.
Blake-Hart: The
Square Milk Bottle. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published December 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this early 20th century
company (though not a glass maker) responsible for one of the first square milk
bottles in the U. S. (This is an update/revision of Lockhart 2011b.) This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Blake-Hart.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol
Serr, Beau
Schriever, and Bill Lindsey. 2013dd.
The Blanke Companies
- Jobbers in Milk Bottles. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published December 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this early 20th century
company which, though not a glass maker, was a jobber (seller) of milk bottles
and other dairy supplies. This article is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Blanke&Hauk.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey. 2013ee.
Brockway
Machine Bottle Co. and Brockway Glass Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published December 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this 20th century
company which operated most of the century. This article is available on
this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Brockway.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey. 2013ff.
Buck
Glass Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published December 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this 20th century
company which operated during the first half of the century. This article
is available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BuckGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey. 2013gg.
Burgin &
Sons. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published December 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of several related
companies that spanned the entire 19th century. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Burgin&Sons.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey. 2013hh.
Butler
Bottle Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published December 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this company which
operated from the late 19th to early 20th century. This article is
available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Butler.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey. 2014a. Other
"B" Marks. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published January 2014. "Catch-all" article on
an array of bottle markings - some makers marks, most not - from the 19th and 20th centuries.This article is available on this website
at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BOther.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Important Note!

Beginning late
2012, additional bottle makers marking articles (including updates/revisions of older works) by the
Bottle Research Group are being exclusively e-published on this
website as part of the effort to complete the -

"ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MANUFACTURERS MARKS ON
GLASS CONTAINERS"

Together, these
works will comprise the noted
Encyclopedia. These will
include
brand new articles as well as
updates/revisions of previously
published articles.

They are all
listed and noted on this
Reference
Sources/Bibliography page with the
following:

This article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on
Glass Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Tod von Mechow, Beau Schriever, David Whitten, Bill Lindsey
and Carol Serr. 2014b. William Painter's
Baltimore Loop Seal. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
January 2014.This article is
web published here for users exclusively! It is about this late 19th
century (but used into the 1910s) closure type used for beer and soda bottling
and invented by William Painter, who went on to much bigger fame as the
originator of the crown cap closure and finish. This article is available
at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BaltimoreLoopSealarticle.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey (with contributions by
Albert Morin and Barry Bernas). 2014c.
C. L. Flaccus Glass Co. Historic Glass
Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2014.
(Note: This is an update of Lockhart et al. 2007e.) Article on the
history, bottles/jars, and makers markings of this company which operated from
the late 19th century to early 20th century.This article is available
at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CLFlaccus.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey.
2014d. The California Glass Co.
of Pennsylvania. Historic Glass Bottle
Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2014.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this company which
operated from the late 19th century to early 20th century.This article is available
at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CaliforniaGlassCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey.
2014e. California Glass Insulator
Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published March 2014.
Article on the history, bottles/jars/insulators and makers markings of this
company which operated in the early 20th century.This article is available
at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CaliforniaGlassInsulatorCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey.
2014f. Camden Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2014.
Article on the history, bottles/jars and makers markings of this company which
operated in the late 19th century.This article is available
at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Camden.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey.
2014g. Cannington, Shaw & Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2014.
Article on the history, bottles/jars and makers markings of this English company
which operated in the late 19th to early 20th centuries and whose products are
often found on historic sites in the United States.This article is available
at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CS&Co.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol
Serr, Beau Schriever and Bill Lindsey.
2014h. Canton Glass Co. and the
Cambridge Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2014.
Article on the history, jars (and tableware) and makers markings of these
companies which operated from the latter portion of the 19th to at least mid-20th centuries.This article is available
at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Canton.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol
Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2014i. Cape May Glass Co., Star
Glass Works, and John S. Alston.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April 2014.
Article on the history, jars, bottles and makers markings of these companies
which operated from the very late 19th century into the first few decades of the
20th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CapeMay-Alston.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Barry
Bernas, Beau Schriever, Carol
Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2014j. Capstan Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April 2014.
Article on the history, jars, bottles, tableware and makers markings of this
company which operated through most of the 20th century.
This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CapstanGlassCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete
Schulz, David Whitten, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.
2014k. Carl Conrad & Co. - The
Original American Budweiser.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April 2014.
Article on the history and bottles used by this 19th century national beer
producer/distributor and the early days of Anheuser-Busch Co. (Note:
This is an update of Lockhart et al. 2006c.) This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CarlConradCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Harvey S.
Teal, Beau Schriever, Carol
Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2014l. Carolina Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this company which
operated during the early 20th century. (Also includes some interesting
history on the South Carolina Dispensary.) This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CarolinaGlassCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol
Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2014m. Carr-Lowrey Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this company (and
predecessors) which operated from the late 19th century through most of the 20th
century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CarrLowreyGlassCo.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau
Schriever, Carol
Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2014n. Chase Valley Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published May 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this very short-lived company which operated from
in the early 1880s.This article is available at this link: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ChaseValleyGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2014o. The Ashley Semiautomatic Bottle Machine. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published June 2014.
Yet another great article web published here exclusively! This article is about
what was most likely the first narrow mouth, press-and-blow, bottle producing
machines originating during the very late 19th to early 20th centuries.
These were nicknamed the "Johnny Bull" machines. This article is available
at this link: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/AshleyMachines.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2014p. Chattanooga Glass Company. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published June 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this southern bottle and
glass making company that operated during much of the 20th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ChattanoogaGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey (with
contributions by David Whitten).2014q. Chicago Glass Mfg. Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published June 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this bottle and glass
making company that operated for a relatively short time in the late 19th
century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ChicagoGlassMfg.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey (with
contributions by Al Morin).2014r. Chicago Heights Bottle Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published June 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this bottle and glass
making company that operated for a very short time during the early 1910s.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ChicagoHeights.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey.2014s. Clyde Glass Works. Historic Glass Bottle
Identification & Information Website, E-published August 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this New York bottle/glass making company that operated
for almost a century ending in the early 1900s.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ClydeGW.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr .2014t. Companies Owned by the Coffin Family.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published August 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this New Jersey bottle/glass making companies that operated
for much of the 19th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Coffin.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey (with contributions
by Tod von Mechow).2014u. The Cohansey Companies. Historic Glass
Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published August 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of these New Jersey bottle/glass making companies that operated
during the last third of the 19th into the early 20th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Cohansey.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2014v.
A Marked Coincidence: The C. C. G. Co. Logo of the Colorado City Glass Co. and
Cream City Glass Co., Part 2: Cream City Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published August 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this late 19th century
Wisconsin bottle/glass making company who shared the same makers marking with a
Colorado bottle maker during the same time frame. A very interesting story
of bottle mark sleuthing! (See
also Schriever et al. 2014 below.)
This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CreamCity.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey, and Carol Serr.2014w. The Consolidated Fruit Jar Co. Historic
Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published September 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this New York bottle and
jar making company that operated
during the mid-19th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ConsolidatedFruitJar.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey, and Carol Serr.2014x. Factories Connected with Richard Cooper and Thomas Wood in
Portobello, Scotland. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published September 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of several related Scottish
companies that operated
during the middle of the 19th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Cooper&Wood.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Tod von Mechow, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey
with contributions by David Whitten.2014y. Coshocton Glass Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published June 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this bottle and glass
making company that operated the first couple decades of the 20th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CoshoctonGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey, and Carol Serr.2014z. Coventry Glass Works. Historic Glass Bottle
Identification & Information Website, E-published October 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this early American
(early to mid-19th century) New Hampshire glass company.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CoventryGlassWorks.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.2014aa. Coshocton Glass Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published October 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this milk bottle and supply company
(actually never made bottle themselves) that operated during the late 19th to
the first couple decades of the 20th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CreameryPackage.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey with contributions
by Joe Widman.2014bb. Pitcher's and Fletcher's Castoria Bottles - An Uncommon
Study of Common Bottles. Historic Glass Bottle Identification &
Information Website, E-published October 2014.
Article on the fascinating history, bottles and (some) makers markings of this
well know product (Castoria) that is still in production (Fletcher's Castoria)
today.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CastoriaHistory.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.2014cc. Crystal Jars and the Crystal Glass Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published October 2014.
Article on the history, bottles (jars) and markings of this company that operated during the late 19th
through
the first couple decades of the 20th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CrystalGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.2014dd. The Cumberland Glass Mfg. Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published October 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and (rare) markings of this company that operated during the late 19th
through
the first couple decades of the 20th century.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CumberlandGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.2014ee. Cunningham Family Glass Holdings. Historic
Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published December 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this very long lived group of
companies operating in the 19th and 20th centuries.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Cunningham.pdfThe
appendices for this article are available at the following link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CunninghamAppendixes.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever,
Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey with contributions by Joe Widman. 2014ff.
Pitcher's and Fletcher's Castoria Bottles - An Uncommon Study of Common
Bottles.Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published October 2014.
Article on the fascinating history, bottles and (some) makers markings of this
well know product (Castoria) that is still in production (Fletcher's
Castoria) today.
This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CastoriaHistory.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Bill
Lindsey, Beau Schriever,
and Carol Serr with contributions by David Whitten. 2014gg.
Bromo-Seltzer in the Cobalt Blue Bottles.Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information
Website, E-published December 2014.
Another exclusive article published here only; this one on
the fascinating history and bottles of another well know product (Bromo-Seltzer)
that is still in production today.
This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Bromo-Seltzer.pdf

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever, and Bill Lindsey.2015a. De Steiger Glass Co. and the "Twister" Blowers.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published January 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this relatively short lived
glass company operating in the late 19th century.(This article is a revision of Lockhart et al. (2007d)
listed above.) This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DSGCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015b. The Dean and Foster Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published January 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this group of glass companies
spanning a long time period from the mid-19th century well through the 20th.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DeanFoster.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr with contributions by Tod von Mechow and Bill Baab.2015c. The DGCO Logos and the Companies that Used Them.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published February 2015.
Article on the known and speculated history of the bottles and bottle makers
that all used this makers marking in the 19th and 20th centuries. This
article is available
at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DGCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015d. The Diamond Glass Co. of Royersford, Pennsylvania.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published February 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this glass company that operated
for a long time period from the late 19th century well through the 20th.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Diamond.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015e. The Diamond Glass Companies of Montreal, Canada.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of several Canadian glass company
that operated in the late 19th century into the early 20th century and were
precursors to Dominion Glass Company.This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Diamond-Canada.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Important Note!

Beginning late
2012, additional bottle makers marking articles (including updates/revisions of older works) by the
Bottle Research Group are being exclusively e-published on this
website as part of the effort to complete the -

"ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MANUFACTURERS MARKS ON
GLASS CONTAINERS"

Together, these
works will comprise the noted
Encyclopedia. These will
include
brand new articles as well as
updates/revisions of previously
published articles.

They are all
listed and noted on this
Reference
Sources/Bibliography page with the
following:

This article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on
Glass Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015f. Dillon Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of a short lived, late 19th century
glass company which made canning jars. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Dillon.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr with contributions by Bill Baab.2015g. Dixie Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of a short lived, late 19th/early
2oth century southern American glass company. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Dixie.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, and Bill Lindsey.2015h. The Dominion Glass Companies of Montreal, Canada.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this very long lived Canadian
bottle and jar maker. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DominionGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr, Pete Schulz, Bill Lindsey and Beau Schriever
with contributions by Al Morin.2015i. Du Bois Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
(This is an update to a previously published article; see Lockhart et al.
[2010b] above.)
Article on the history, bottles and markings of a short lived early 20th century
glass company which made milk bottles. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DuBoisGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015j. Dyottville Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this highly productive early to
late 19th century glass company. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Dyottville.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, and Bill Lindsey.2015k. Other "D" Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
Article on various "D" markings found on bottles that may or may not be glass
makers markings. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/DOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr, Bill Lindsey and Beau Schriever.
2015l. E. R. Durkee & Co. and The Misunderstood Durkee Bottles.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published May 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of an array of E. R. Durkee food
bottles which have markings that are sometimes misunderstood as makers markings. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ERDurkee&Co.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015m. Edgar Breffit & Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this long lived and highly productive
English glass making company. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/EdgarBreffit&Co.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015n. Newark Star and the Everett Factory.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published March 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of this complicated company
operating in the late 19th to early 20th centuries and making a wide array of
jars and bottles. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Everett.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Barry Bernas, and Beau Schriever.2015o. The E. G. CO. and E. G. Co. Logos.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published June 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and possible markings of this hard to pin down
marking on bottles and jars. This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/EGCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.2015p. Ellenville Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published June 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of long term glass & bottle making
company (1830s to 1920s) which only used one positively confirmed marking
for a relatively short period in the mid-19th century. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/EllenvilleGW.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Bill Lindsey, and
Beau Schriever with contributions by Laurah Brown and Al Morin.2015q. Essex Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published June 2015.
Article on the history, bottles and markings of short run, early 20th century
milk bottle producer. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/EssexGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015r. Eureka Jars and Their Makers.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published June 2015.
Article on the history, jars and markings of the various Eureka jars made from
the 1860s until at least the 1920s. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/EurekaJarCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Pete Schulz, Bill Lindsey
and Carol Serr.2015s. Other E Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published June 2015.
Article on the history, markings, and attribution of a wide assortment of
various "E" markings on bottles and jars during the 19th and 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/EOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr with contributions by Bill Porter.2015t. F. E. Reed and the Rochester Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for a variety of related companies
operating from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FEReed.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr with contributions by Jay Hawkins and David Whitten.2015u. The Fahnestock Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for several related companies -
including drug companies - operating in the 19th century. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Fahnestock.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Dean Six, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015v. The Fairmont Company and the Rochester Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for several related companies
operating during the late-19th to early-20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FairmontJohnsBrothers.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015w. Fairmount Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for several related companies
operating from the late-19th to the mid-20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FairmountGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, David Whitten, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015x. Falls City Glass Co., Louisville, Kentucky.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings of relatively short lived late late-19th
century bottle and jar maker. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FallsCityGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015y. Federal Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for several related companies
operating from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries. This was primarily
a glassware producer but did produce canning jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FederalGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Bill Lindsey, Beau Schriever, and Carol
Serr.2015z. The Enigmatic F. G. MFG. Co
Logo.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on an apparent makers marking which can't be assigned specifically to
any maker but which is present on bottles produced during the 1880s to early
1890s. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FGMfgCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr with contributions from Jay Hawkins.2015aa. The Fidelity Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this late 19th to early 20th
century company that made primarily milk bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FidelityGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015bb. The Findlay Bottle Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this late 19th century glass
company. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FindlayBotleCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Barry Bernas, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever,
Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.2015cc. The Flaccus Family Packing Firms and Their Fabulous,
Colorful, Embossed Jars: Part 1 - Flaccus Bros.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this late 19th to early 20th
century company that made primarily food jars and bottles. This
article is available at the following two links (Parts 1 & 2):
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FlaccusBros1.pdfThis article
is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Barry Bernas, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever,
Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.2015dd. The Flaccus Bros., E. C. Flaccus and Their Fabulous,
Colorful, Embossed Jars: Part 2 - Flaccus & Elliot Co. & E. C. Flaccus & Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this late 19th to early 20th
century company that made primarily food jars and bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FlaccusBros2.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015ee. Florida Glass Mfg. Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this early to mid 20th century glass
company that made a variety of bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FloridaGlassMfg.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015ff. Foster-Forbes Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this largely 20th century glass
company that made a variety of bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FosterForbes.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, David Whitten, Terry Schaub, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015gg. Frederick Heitz and the FHGW Logo.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2015.
Updated article on the history, products and markings for this late 19th century glass
company that made mostly beer bottles and fruit jars. (Much of this
article was previously published - see Lockhart & Whitten [2006a].) This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/FHGW.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015hh. Other "F" Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2015.
Article on the likely history and attribution for an assortment of 19th and 20th
century marks that are not easy to assign (or are not actually bottle makers). This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/OtherF.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015ii. Gayner Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this long lived company which
spanned a century from the 1870s to 1970s. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/GaynerGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015jj. Gilchrist Jar Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this relatively short-lived
late 19th to early 20th century glass
company that made primarily jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/GilchristJarCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2015kk. Giles-Clough Glass Co. and Related Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this late 19th to early 20th century glass
company that made a variety of jars and some bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Giles-CloughGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey.2015ll. Glass Containers Corp. and Its Successors.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this largely 20th century glass
company that made a variety of bottles and jars and is still in business. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/GlassContainersCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr,
and Bill Lindsey.2015mm. Glenshaw Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this 20th century glass
company that made a variety of bottles and jars; it is still operating today. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/GlenshawGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, and Carol
Serr with contributions by Michael Miller, Bill Porter, Tod von Mechow and
Michael Elling.2015nn. Graham Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this early 20th century glass
company that made a variety of bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/GrahamGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2015pp. The Granite Glass Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for several early to mid-19th
century glass companies operating in Stoddard, NH. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/GraniteGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Terry Schaub, David Whitten, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr,
and Bill Lindsey.2015qq. Great Western Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for this late 19th century glass
company that made a variety of bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/GreatWestern.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Important Note!

Beginning late
2012, additional bottle makers marking articles (including updates/revisions of older works) by the
Bottle Research Group are being exclusively e-published on this
website as part of the effort to complete the -

"ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MANUFACTURERS MARKS ON
GLASS CONTAINERS"

Together, these
works will comprise the noted
Encyclopedia. These will
include
brand new articles as well as
updates/revisions of previously
published articles.

They are all
listed and noted on this
Reference
Sources/Bibliography page with the
following:

This article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on
Glass Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2015rr. The Glass Firms at Greenfield, Indiana.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published December 2015.
Article on the history, products and markings for several late 19th
to early 20th century glass companies operating in Greenfield, Indiana which
largely made fruit jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Greenfield.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.2015ss. Other G Marks .
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published December 2015.
Article on the markings and history (where determined) for an assortment of
potential "G" markings on bottles and jars made in the 19th and 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/GOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2016a. The Hamilton Family Glass Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
January 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for several mid-19th
to mid-20th century Pittsburgh glass companies which
made a variety of bottles and fruit jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Hamilton.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2016b. Hamilton Glass Works - Ontario.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
January 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings of this Canadian glass company
operating during the last third of the 19th century making primarily fruit jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Hamilton-Ontario.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2016c. The Hart Glass Mfg. Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
January 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for this late 19th
to early 20th century company operating in several Eastern states which
made a variety of bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/HartGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr
with contributions from Jay Hawkins.2016d. Hazel-Atlas Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
February 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for this long lived and largely
20th century glass company that made a wide variety of bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Hazel-Atlas.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr and Beau
Schriever.2016e. Glass Firms of the Hagerty Brothers.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
May 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for this long lived, mid-19th
to mid-20th century glass company (which began operation as the Brooklyn
Green Glass Works) that made a variety of bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/HagertyBrothers.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2016f. The H. J. Heinz Co. and the H. J. Heinz Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
May 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for this long lived and famous
company that produced a myriad of food products and, at one point, the bottles
for those products. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Heinz.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr
with contributions by Bob Stahr and David Whitten.2016g. The Hemingray Glass Firms.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
June 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for this long lived and well known
glass
company that produced a myriad of jars, bottles and insulators. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Hemingray.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2016h. Henry W. Putnam and the Lightning Fastener.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
June 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for this well known mid 19th to
early 20th century inventor, products and company. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/HenryPutnam.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever, and Bill Lindsey.2016i. The Bottles and History of the Heye Family Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
June 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for this large German glass making
firm spanning the 19th and 20th centuries...and still in business today.
(Bottles from this company where made for American users; this is a revision of
an earlier article noted earlier on this page - Lockhart et al. 2008a.) This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/HermannHeye.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2016j. The Hero Glass Firms.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
June 2016.
Article on the history, products and markings for this well known mid 19th to
early 20th century company that primarily produced fruit jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Hero.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill
Lindsey with contributions by Bruce Silva, Warren Freidrich and David Whitten.2016k. The Great Holt Glass Myth: A Study of Misidentification.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
June 2016.
Article on the history of this late 19th century company that is misidentified
as the maker of many Western American bottles which were likely made by another
Western glass company (a fascinating story!). This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Holt.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Ken Ridley, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and
Bill Lindsey with contributions by Marvin Marshall, Charles McDonald, and David
Whitten.2016l. Holz, Clark & Taylor.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
June 2016.
Article on the short history of this mid 19th century glass company that was in
business for a very short time though did produce several makers marked canning
jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/HolzClark&Taylor.pdf This article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr and Beau
Schriever.2016m. Hygeia Glass Corp. and the Hygeia Nursing Bottles.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
June 2016.
Article on the history of this glass company that operated during most of the
20th century that produced a series of well known (and dateable) nursing bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/HygeiaGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill
Lindsey.2016n. Other "H" Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
June 2016.
Article on a mixed bag of different "H" related markings on bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/HOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr and Beau
Schriever with contributions by Jay Hawkins, David Whitten and Bob Bowers.2016o. Ihmsen Glass Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
August 2016.
Article on a group of related, long term 19th century Pittsburgh glass companies
which made a plethora of bottles, flasks and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Ihmsen.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey,
and Carol Serr with contributions from Russ Hoenig and David Whitten.2016p. Illinois Glass Company. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
August 2016.
Article on probably the largest bottle maker during the last third of the 19th
through the first quarter of the 20th century. (This is a new and improved
update to the original 2005 article on the company listed above, i.e., Lockhart
et al. 2005a.) This
new
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/IGCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers. This article also has an appendix of soda
bottle mold/catalog codes used from 1896 to 1920. It is available at this
link:
Appendix A - Illinois Glass Co. Catalog Codes (Mold Numbers) for Soda Bottles
1896-1920.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey, and Carol Serr.
2016q. IGCo. Logos Unrelated to the Illinois Glass Company. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
August 2016.
Article on a group of markings that were similar to those used by the Illinois
Glass Company but attributable to other makers. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/IGCoOtherLogos.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr and Beau Schriever with
contributions by Michael R. Miller and David Whitten.
2016r. Illinois Pacific: A West Coast Phenomenon. Part I:
Illinois-Pacific Glass Co. (1902-1926).
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
August 2016.First of a three part article on a series
of related glass companies in the West that produced a large array of bottles
and jars and used many different markings during the first half of the 20th
century.
(This series is a new and much improved update to the original 2005 article on
several of these companies listed above, i.e., Lockhart et al. 2005d.) This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Illinois-Pacific1.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr and Beau Schriever with
contributions by Michael R. Miller and David Whitten.
2016s. Illinois Pacific: A West Coast Phenomenon. Part II:
Illinois-Pacific Glass Corp. (1926-1930).
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
August 2016.Second of a three part article on a
series of related glass companies in the West that produced a large array of
bottles and jars and used many different markings during the first half of the
20th century. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Illinois-Pacific2.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr and Beau Schriever with
contributions by Michael R. Miller and David Whitten.
2016t. Illinois Pacific: A West Coast Phenomenon. Part III:
Illinois-Pacific Coast Co. (1930-1933) and Owens-Illinois Pacific Coast Co.
(1933-1943)
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
August 2016.Last of a three part article on a series
of related glass companies in the West that produced a large array of bottles
and jars and used many different markings during the first half of the 20th
century. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Illinois-Pacific3.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2016u. Other "I" Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
August 2016.
Article on a mixed bag of different "I" related markings on bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/IOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2016v. Jeanette Glass Co..
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2016.
Article on this Pennsylvania glass company which made a variety of bottles and
jars during the first half of the 20th century. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/JeannetteGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2016w. John B. Brooke and the Gem Bottle & Supply Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2016.
Article on an early 20th century supply company that sold milk bottles with
their marking on it though did not actually manufacture bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/JBBrooke&Gem.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2016x. Other "J" Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2016.
Article on a mixed bag of different "J" related markings on bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/JOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2016y. Karl Hutter - The Stopper and the Bottle.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
October 2016.
Article on this late 19th to early 20th century inventer and his closures and
bottles (although Hutter did not actually manufacture bottles). This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KarlHutter.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2016z. Keene-Marlboro-Street Glassworks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published October 2016.
Article on this early American, New Hampshire glass company. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KeeneGW.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, David Whitten, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2016aa. Kentucky Glass Works Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published October 2016.
Article on two same named, mid to late 19th century Louisville, KY. glass
companies. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KentuckyGW.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017a. The Kearns Glass Companies of Zanesville.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published January 2017.
Article on an array of related Zanesville, OH. companies spanning a large
portion of the 19th and 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KearnsGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017b. Kerr Glass Mfg. Co..
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published January
2017.
Article on this well known fruit jar producer in business most of the 20th
century. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KerrGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017c. The Kilner Glass Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published January
2017.
Article on this English company which produced a lot of bottles found on
American historic sites during the 19th to early 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KilnerGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Important Note!

Beginning late
2012, additional bottle makers marking articles (including
updates/revisions of older works) by the
Bottle Research Group are being exclusively e-published on this
website as part of the effort to complete the -

"ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MANUFACTURERS MARKS ON
GLASS CONTAINERS"

Together, these
works will comprise the noted
Encyclopedia.
These will include
brand new articles as well as
updates/revisions of previously
published articles.

They are all
listed and noted on this
Reference
Sources/Bibliography page with
the following:

This article is part of the
Encyclopedia of
Manufacturers Marks on Glass Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Nate Briggs, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017d. Kimble Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March
2017.
Article on an early to mid-20th century glass company that made various many
types of bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KimbleGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Nate Briggs, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017e. Knox Glass Bottle Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March
2017.
Article on an early to mid-20th century glass company that made various
glassware and occasional bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KnoxGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Nate Briggs, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017f. Other "K" Marks. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March
2017.
Article on a mixed bag of different "J" related markings on bottles and jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/KOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Nate Briggs, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever,
and Bill Lindsey.2017g. Lamb Glass Co. Historic Glass Bottle
Identification & Information Website, E-published April
2017.
Article on a middish-20th century glass company that primarily made milk bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LambGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Nate Briggs, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.
2017h. Lamont Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April
2017.
Article on a late 19th century Canadian glass company that primarily made fruit
jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LambGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey, Carol Serr
and Nate Briggs.
2017i. Lancaster Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April
2017.
Article on an important glass company that operated during the last half of the
19th century into the early 20th making a variety of bottles and flasks. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LancasterGW.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Nate Briggs, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever,
and Bill Lindsey.2017j. The Latchford Glass Factories. Historic Glass
Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April
2017.
Article on a middish-20th century glass company that primarily an array of
different bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LatchfordGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Nate Briggs, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr
and Bill Lindsey.2017k. Laurens Glass Works. Historic Glass Bottle
Identification & Information Website, E-published April
2017.
Article on a long lived 20th century glass company in the southern U. S. that
primarily made soda (including Coca-Cola) bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LaurensGW.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Nate Briggs, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr
and Bill Lindsey.2017l. Liberty Glass Co. and Related Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published April
2017.
Article on a long lived 20th century glass company that primarily made soda and
milk bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LibertyGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey
and Carol Serr.2017m. Lindell Glass Co..
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Article on a late 19th century glass company that primarily made beer bottles
and fruit jars. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LindellGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2017n. A Tale of Two Glass Factories: Lockport Glass Co. and
Loogootee Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Article on the various glass companies that utilized - or may have utilized -
the L. G. Co. marking in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Kind of a
detective story! This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LockportGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2017o. Lockport Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Article on a well known glass company that operated for many decades the 1840s
and early 1900s. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LockportGlassWorks.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey
and Carol Serr.2017p. Long Beach Glass.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Article on an early 20th century glass company in Southern California. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LongBeachGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, David Whitten, Beau Schriever, Bill
Lindsey and Carol Serr.2017q. The Lorenz Family Glass Companies (including Lorenz &
Wightman).
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Article on another well known series of glass companies operating in Pittsburgh
over a long period of time and making a vast array of bottles and glassware. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LorenzFamily.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr
with contributions by David Whitten.2017r. Louisville Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Article on a mid-19th century glass producer in...Louisville, KY. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LouisvilleGlassWorks.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2017s. Lynchburg Glass Factories.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Article on a short lived, early 20th century glass maker which made beverage
bottles and glassware. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LynchburgGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Barry Bernas, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey
and Carol Serr.2017t. Lyndeborough Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Article on a late-19th century glass and bottle maker in New Hampshire. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Lyndeborough.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever, and Bill
Lindsey.2017u. Other "L" Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published July
2017.
Catch all article for an assortment of other "L" bottle markings. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/LOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill
Lindsey.2017v. M & Co. and the Diamond-M Logos.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September
2017.
Article dealing with a mystery marking that is likely that used by the John
Maris & Co. during the late 19th to early 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/M&Co.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill
Lindsey.2017w. Mansfield Glass Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September
2017.
Article dealing with a company that primarily made fruit jars during the late
19th to early 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MansfieldGW.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill
Lindsey.2017x. Marion Flint Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September
2017.
Article dealing with a company that made a variety of different glass containers
during the late 19th to early 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MarionFlintGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017y. Marion Fruit Jar & Bottle Co..
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September
2017.
Article dealing with a company that primarily made jars during the late 19th to
early 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MarionFruitJ&BCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Bill Lindsey, Beau Schriever and Carol
Serr with contributions by David Whitten.2017z. Maryland Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November
2017.
Article dealing with an early to mid-20th century company that was well known
for producing cobalt blue bottles (i.e., Bromo-Seltzer). This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MarylandGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017aa. Keystone Mason Jars, Part I: John Landis Mason and His
Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November
2017.
Article dealing with these famous fruit jars and their originator during the
last half of the 19th century primarily. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MasonKeystone1.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol
Serr.2017bb. Keystone Mason Jars, Part II: Mason Fruit Jar Co. and
Keystone Users.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November
2017.
Article which is Part II of the one listed above. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MasonKeystone1.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever
and Bill Lindsey with contributions by Rob Riese, Tod von Mechow and David
Whitten.2017dd. The Massillon Glass Works - Reed & Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published November
2017.
(Note: This is a updated rewrite of Lockhart et al. 2011). Article dealing
with a late 19th to early 20th century Ohio glass company that made many bottle
types but specialized in export beer bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MassillonGlassWorks.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever and Bill
Lindsey.2017ee. Maywood Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November
2017.
Article on a mid-ish 20th century Los Angeles glass company which made a variety
of bottles by machine. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MaywoodGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever and Bill
Lindsey with contributions by David Whitten.2017ff. The Bottles of William McLaughlin.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November
2017.
Article on a early to mid-20th century California glass company which made a
variety of bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MaywoodGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill
Lindsey.2017gg. Mid-West Glass Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November
2017.
Article on an early, short-lived 20th century glass company which operated in
both the US and Canada. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Mid-WestGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill
Lindsey.2017hh. Millville Bottle Works.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November
2017.
Article on a New Jersey glass company operating in the early 20th century which
made a variety of bottles largely by hand into the 1920s. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MillvilleBottleWorks.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Pete Schulz, Beau Schriever, Carol Serr and Bill
Lindsey with contributions by Terry Schaub.2018a. The Mississippi Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
February 2018.
Article on the St. Louis glass company that produced copious amounts of beer
bottles and fruit jars in the late 19th century then switched to plate glass
production well into the 20th century. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MississippiGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Terry Schaub, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey
and Carol Serr.2018b. Missouri Glass Co. - A Study of Misunderstandings.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
February 2018.
Article on another late 19th to early 20th century St. Louis glass company that
fixes some of the errors by previous researchers. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MissouriGlassCo.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2018c. The Moore Family Glass Houses of New Jersey.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
February 2018.
Article on a mid 19th to early 20th century series of glass houses that were
extinguished with the advent of automatic bottle machines. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MooreFamilyGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr
with contributions by David Whitten.2018d. Other "M" Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
February 2018.
Catch all article for an assortment of other "M" bottle markings. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2018e. Neodesha Bottle Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March 2018.
Article on an early 20th century short lived glass/bottle maker whose only known
markings are on beer bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Neodesha.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2018f. The New England Glass Companies.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March 2018.
Article on several unrelated glass/bottle makers operating from the late 18th
through most of the 19th century. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/NewEnglandGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2018g. North Baltimore Bottle Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March 2018.
Article on a late 19th to early 20th century glass/bottle maker whose primary
hollow ware offerings were various types of beverage bottles. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/NorthBaltimore.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2018h. Northern Glass Works and Northern Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March 2018.
Article on two related and short lived late 19th century Wisconsin glass/bottle
makers. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/NorthernGlassWorks.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2018i. Northwestern Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March 2018.
Article on a 20th century Seattle firm that made beer and some other bottle
types by machine. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/NorthwesternGlass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2018j. Nuttall & Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March 2018.
Article on an English company that produced bottles distributed across the globe
during the late 19th to early 20th centuries. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Nuttall.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey and Carol Serr.2018k. Other "N" Marks.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
March 2018.
Catch all article for an assortment of other "N" bottle markings. This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/NOther.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Lorrain,
Dessamae.
1968. An Archaeologist Guide to
Nineteenth Century American Glass.
Historical Archaeology, 2:35-44. Useful, though outdated, article on general
bottle manufacturing and dating features. This article is now available as a
pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology at this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Lorrain1968.pdf

Lunn,
Kevin.
1981. Identification and Dating of Lea and Perrins’ Worcestershire Sauce
Bottles on Canadian Historic Sites: Interpretations Past and Present.
Canadian Journal of Archaeology, No. 5, 1981. This article covers what the
title implies, with information about the differences in bottles in Canada
versus the U. S.

McDougall, Dennis
P.
1990. The Bottles of the Hoff Store Site. In “The Hoff Store Site and
Gold Rush Merchandise from San Francisco, California” publication edited by
Allen G. Pastron and Eugene M. Hattori, pp. 58-74. Society for American
Archaeology, Special Publication Series, Number 7. Very interesting publication
that gives a snapshot view of the bottles found in a store known to have been
destroyed in the famous May 1851 conflagration in San Francisco, CA. This work
helps establish some dating parameters for pontil scars and the use of snap case
tools. This entire publication is now available
as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology at this
URL: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/hoffstore.pdf

McGuire, Eric.
2017. Edward Roome Tobacconist. Bottles and Extras
28(2):22-28. Interesting article on this early "tobacconist" and about
bottle tobacco products in general.

Meigh, Edward.
1960. The Development of the Automatic Glass Bottle Machine: A Story of Some
Pioneers. Glass Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Feb.), pp. 25-50. According to
Miller & Sullivan (1981) this article is a good overview on the development
period of the automatic bottle machines.

Miller, George L.
and Ed Morin.
2004. A Household Cleanup Assemblage from Ca. 1938-1941, Raritan Landing,
New Jersey, site 28Mil78: Feature 8, the well.
Unpublished notes from Miller & Morin dated June 14, 2004. These notes have a
good overview, among other things, of machine manufacturing technology and
bottle standardization.

Miller, George L.
and Antony Pacey.
1985. Impact of Mechanization in the Glass Container Industry: The Dominion
Glass Company of Montreal, a Case
Study.
Historical Archaeology 19(1):38-50. This
article is now available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical
Archaeology at this URL: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MillerPacey1985.pdf

Miller,
George L. and Catherine Sullivan.
1984. Machine-made Glass Containers and the End of Production for
Mouth-Blown Bottles. Historical Archaeology 18(2):83-96. (Same as Parks
Canada Research Bulletin #171 (1981) and also found in the book Approaches to
Material Culture: Research for Historical Archaeologists, pp. 99-112.
(1991) Society for Historical Archaeology, California & Pennsylvania.)
Excellent overview on the era when machines began to dominate bottle production
in the early 20th century. This article is now available as a pdf
file compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology and Parks
Canada at this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MillerSullivan1984.pdf

Moss, Dewey.
1967. Jamaica Gingers. Western Collector 5(5):37-39 (May 1967). This
article is also reiterated in the Munsey article below on the subject.

Moss, Dewey.
1968.
Florida Waters.
Western Collector 6(8):39-42 (August 1968). A good overview of this distinctive
bottles style although Sullivan (1994) is much more comprehensive.

Munsey,
Cecil.
2006. Paralysis in a Bottle (The “Jake Walk” Story). Bottles and Extras
17(1):7-12 (Winter 2006). Very interesting article on Jamaica Ginger and the
bottles that held it.

National
Glass Budget.
1910b. Another New Bottle Machine. National Glass Budget 25(45):2. A
note in this trade magazine about a semi-automatic machine that could produce
narrow bore bottles via a press-and-blow machine.

Newman, T. Stell.
1970. A Dating Key for Post-Eighteenth Century Bottles. Historical
Archaeology, 4:70-75. This
article is now available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical
Archaeology at this URL: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Newman1970.pdf

Noordsy, Jeff.
2003. Pitkin Flasks. Bottles and More magazine, Vol. 1(8), p. 12-13,
Lehighton, PA. Collector article which includes a good description of the
German half-post manufacturing process.

Orser, Charles E.,
Jr. and David W. Babson.
1990.
Tabasco Brand Pepper Sauce Bottles from Avery Island, Louisiana.
Historical Archaeology 24(3):107-114). Interesting and useful overview of the
bottles made for and used by this famous company. This
article is now available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical
Archaeology at this URL: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/OrserBabson1990.pdf

Pearson, B. M.
1928. Aspects of Bottle Machine Operations. The Glass Industry
9(7):145-148. Interesting information on the different types of machines
(press-and-blow, blow-and-blow) at the time as well as feeder machines that made
semi-automatic machines into fully automatic.

Plavchan, Ronald J.
1976. A History of Anheuser-Busch 1852-1933. From the book
Companies and Men: Business Enterprise in America, Arno Press, New York,
N.Y.

Rock, Jim.
2001. Lea and Perrins Worcestershire Sauce Bottles. In Reference Manual and
Study Guide for the CDF-CLFA Archaeological Training Program for Registered
Professional Foresters and Other Resource Professionals. California
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) and the California Licensed
Foresters Association (CLFA). Volume 1, page 611. (Write-up based on a Kevin
Lunn article in Canadian Journal of Archaeology noted above.)

Ross,
Douglas E. 2009. Identification and Dating of
Japanese Glass Beverage Bottles. Society for Historical Archaeology,
Technical Briefs in Historical Archaeology, 2009, 4:7-17. Informative
article on a little covered category of bottles often found in the Western
United States based on Ross's doctoral dissertation at Simon Fraser University
(Burnaby, British Columbia). This and other Technical Briefs are available
via the SHA website at the following link:
http://www.sha.org/publication-links/technical-briefs-series/ The
article itself is is also available as a download from this website at the
following link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/JapaneseBeverageBottlesDouglasRoss2009

Sandelin, Linda C.
2001. Clorox Bottles: A Key to Their Identification and Date of Manufacture.
In Reference Manual and Study Guide for the CDF-CLFA Archaeological Training
Program for Registered Professional Foresters and Other Resource Professionals.
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) and the California
Licensed Foresters Association (CLFA). Volume 1, pp. 612-613. (Note:
Excellent dating and historical information for Clorox bottles is also found on
the internet on the Clorox Corporate site: http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/company/history/bottleguide/index.html.
This site also includes excellent pictures of the different styles of Clorox
bottles over time. Sandelin’s article references the Clorox Company as a
primary source – probably the same information that is found now on-line.)

Schreiver, Beau, Lockhart, Bill, Carol Serr and Bill Lindsey.2014a.

A Marked Coincidence: The C. C. G. Co. Logo of the Colorado City Glass Co. and
Cream City Glass Co., Part 1: Colorado City Glass Co.
Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published August 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this late 19th century
Colorado bottle/glass making company who shared the same makers marking with a
Wisconsin bottle maker during the same time frame. A very interesting
story of bottle mark sleuthing! (See
also Lockhart et al. 2014v above.)
This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ColoradoCityGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
September 2014.
Article on the history, bottles and makers markings of this short lived late
1880s glass company in Golden, Colorado.
This article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/ColoradoGlassWorks.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Schulz, Peter D., Bill Lockhart, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2009. Rim Codes: A Pacific Coast Dating System for Milk Bottles.
Historical Archaeology 43(2):30-39. Article on the dating of West Coast
produced milk bottles from the 1920s and early 1930s via embossed numbers on the
bottle finish rim. This
article is available on this website at the following link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/rimcodesarticle.pdf

Schulz, Peter, Bill
Lockhart, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey.
2010. William Walton, the Whiteman Brothers, and the Warren Glass Works.
Bottles and
Extras 21(4):46-61 (July/August 2010). This article outlines the history - and
related maker’s markings - of the noted glass companies. The article is
available on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Waltonwhitemanwarren.jpg

Schultz, Peter, Bill Lockhart, Beau
Schriever, Carol Serr, and Bill Lindsey. 2013.
Bell
Bottle Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published November 2013.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this early 20th century
company that specialized in milk bottles. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/BellBottle.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Charles Boldt Glass Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published May 2014.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this largely early 20th century
glass company. (Note: This article is an update of Lockhart, et al.
2007b listed earlier.) This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CharlesBoldt.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

o. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website,
E-published September 2014.
Article on the history, bottles, and makers markings of this company which
operated solely in the 1920s. This article is available
on this website at:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CoopGlass.pdf
This article is part of the Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Pete Schulz, Bill Lockhart, Carol Serr, Beau Schriever and
Bill Lindsey.2017cc. Massillon Bottle & Glass Co. Historic Glass Bottle Identification & Information Website, E-published
November
2017.
Article dealing with an early 20th century Ohio glass company that made many
bottle types. (Also see Lockhart et al. 2017dd above for the article on a
related company.) This
article is available at this link:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MassillonBottle&Glass.pdfThis article is part of the
Encyclopedia of Manufacturers Marks on Glass
Containers.

Shafer,
James F. II.
1969. New
Insights on “Free-Blown” Bottles.
The Western Collector 7(6):282-286 (June 1969), San Francisco, CA.

Smith, Mark.
2003. Beginnings of a Flask Collector. Bottles and More Magazine, Vol.
1(11) (July 2003), p. 25-29, Lehighton, PA. Article which includes interesting
collector observations about manufacturing based diagnostic features on liquor
flasks that are pertinent to most bottles.

Soetens, Johan.
2016. A Brief History of Demijohns and Carboys. Antique
Bottle & Glass Collector, 33(4):32-35 (August 2016). As the title notes it is a
brief history of this class of large bottles though does include some very
interesting images including the process of applying wicker to the outside of
these bottles - a very common addition to protect these relatively fragile
containers.

Staski, Edward.
1991. Just What Can a 19th Century Bottle Tell Us? In
Approaches to Material Culture Research for Historical Archaeologists,
compiled by George Miller, Olive Jones, Lester Ross, Teresita Majewski, pp.
127-140. Society for Historical Archaeology. (Also in Historical Archaeology
18(1):38-51.) This article is now available as a pdf
file compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology at this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Staski1984.pdf

Sullivan,
Catherine.
1994. Searching for Nineteenth-Century Florida Water Bottles. Historical Archaeology 28(1):78-98.
Excellent article on the subject which notes that the product was originally for
medicinal purposes also. This article
is now available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical
Archaeology at this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/sullivanfloridawater1994.pdf

Toulouse, Julian.
1966. Whittled Molds. The Western Collector 4(10) (October 1966), San
Francisco, CA. Excellent discussion on the physical origins of the “whittled”
appearance on bottles – machine-made and mouth-blown.

Toulouse, Julian.
1967. When Did Hand Bottle Blowing Stop? The Western Collector
5(8):41-45 (August 1967), San Francisco, CA. Excellent history of the
transition from hand blowing to semi-automatic machines, to fully automatic
machines.

Toulouse, Julian.
1968 Empontilling: A History. The Glass Industry, Part 1 March 1968,
Part II (Conclusion) – April 1968. One of the best overviews of different
styles of pontil marks and snap case (sabot) tools.

Toulouse, Julian.1969b. A
Primer on Mold Seams. The Western Collector, Part 1 - Vol. 7, no. 11, pp.
526-35; Part 2 - Vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 578-87, (Nov. & Dec. 1969), San Francisco,
CA. Exceptional work on bottle diagnostic features based on production related
methods and materials. These articles are available on this website – courtesy
of Dr. Cecil Munsey (Thanks!) - at the following URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/moldseams.pdf

Toulouse, Julian.
1970a. High on the Hawg, or How the Western Miner Lived, as told by the
Bottles he left behind. Historical Archaeology 4:59-69. This article is
now available as a pdf file compliments of the Society for Historical
Archaeology at this URL: http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Toulouse1970.pdf

Vermeulen, Peter.
2000. Melchers. Antique Bottle & Glass Collector 16(10):34-37 (February
2000). Good article on the various Melchers liquor companies (Schiedam,
Netherlands) and the gin bottles they produced which were shipped throughout the
world from before the mid-19th century until beyond the mid-20th
century.

White, John R.
1978. Bottle Nomenclature: A Glossary of Landmark Terminology for the
Archaeologist. Historical Archaeology 12:58-67. The definitions used in
this article are widely accepted by archaeologists. Though not all of the
terminology is used in this website, many of the definitions were directly
quoted in the Glossary page. This article is now available as a pdf
file compliments of the Society for Historical Archaeology at this URL:
http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/White1978.pdf

Wilberger, Jim.
2011. The Buffalo Girls of Mecklenburg County, Virginia.
Bottles and Extras, Vol. 22(6):29-35 (November-December 2011). Article on
Buffalo Lithia Springs and the distinctive large bottles the water was
distributed in.

Wilson, Rex. (date
unknown)
A Classification System for 19th Century Bottles. Arizoniana
2(4):2-6.

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