With Trump’s migrant clampdown, growing scrutiny on business practices and the rise of supply chain blind spots, human rights issues pose an increasing risk for companies operating around the globe.

Verisk Maplecroft, a global risk analyst, has released its 2017 Human Rights Outlook, in which it assesses key human rights trends likely to impact business in the year ahead.

It comes at a time when the concern for human rights, both amongst corporates and banks, is on the rise.

“Across all sectors, human rights seem to become increasingly important,” Alex Channer, principal analyst at Verisk Maplecroft and lead author of the report, tells GTR. “We have lots of clients who come to us on these issues. Some because they need to comply with regulation, others because it’s part of their values and reputation, and their consumers care about it.”

One major theme of 2017 is that human rights risks are moving closer to home for western businesses. But there’s also good news for companies, and for human rights. A growing market for ethical business, as well as the development of new technologies such as blockchain, could present a range of new opportunities.

Here are some important human rights issues for businesses to watch in 2017:

1. US immigration policy to promote modern slavery

A hardening immigration policy in the US is highlighted by the report as one of the top drivers of human rights risk for businesses in 2017.

Trump’s proposed US-Mexico border wall, as well as a stricter enforcement of deportation rules, will leave the 8 million undocumented migrant workers in the US more vulnerable to modern slavery, Channer warns.

“[The policies] won’t stop the incentive for migrants to move north to the American economy. It will increase the profits of trafficking, and you will have migrants who are in deeper debt to traffickers and therefore more vulnerable to exploitation in the hidden economy in the US,” she says.

The agriculture, construction, manufacturing and hospitality sectors, which are highly reliant on migrants for informal, low-paid work, face the highest risk of migrant labour exploitation, with Verisk Maplecroft’s data revealing that the risk is already ‘high’ or ‘extreme’ in fruit production in Florida and California.

2. Blind spots in supply chains

While companies mostly focus their human rights due diligence on core production and processing activities, some areas of the supply chain are often “neglected and not seen as a priority”, thus being highly vulnerable to labour exploitation, Channer explains.

She highlights transport as one major ‘supply chain blind spot’ globally – a sector that is often overlooked when companies carry out their auditing programmes. Seafarers, who transport 80% of global trade, as well as truckers and warehouse workers, are especially at risk.

An example of such human rights abuses in the transport sector hit the headlines in the UK in June 2016, when an offshore supply ship was detained on the grounds of non-payment of crew wages.

“Seafarers are some of the most vulnerable workers in the world, because many of them are low-paid, economic migrants and they are physically isolated at sea,” Channer says.

She adds that companies are especially exposed to hidden labour rights risk because of the use of a foreign ‘flag of convenience’ where a ship is registered under a flag of a country other than the country of ownership.

“Seafarers often lack state protection because ship owners often register ships under a flag of convenience because those countries offer cheaper rates and less regulation, and in some cases that translates into weaker enforcement of labour standards. That’s a blind spot for companies that they need to be looking at,” she says.

3. Rising scrutiny of land grabs

Land deals are, according to the report, another issue gaining more traction in 2017, and which could be the source of high reputational risk for banks and funds.

Western banks involved in lands deals are likely to be subject to a rising scrutiny by NGOs, media and shareholder activists of the money trail behind land grabs in countries where respect for land rights is not guaranteed, Channer says.

Where land deals go wrong, companies involved could get associated with serious human rights abuses.

“Land investments are being made in countries where there is a very high risk that the land deal that you are associated with could end up violating the rights of local landowners,” Channer says. “There’s the potential of being associated with forced evictions, and in the worst-case scenario, and this is particularly true in Latin America, the potential that you could be associated directly with the death of land rights activists campaigning against these projects.”

The report especially highlights commodities such as palm oil, sugar cane, rubber, corn and biofuels as driving a global rush for land.

British banks are flagged as being particularly exposed to the risk of being associated with land grabs: 85% of the 20 target countries in which UK firms were investing in 2016 fall into the ‘high’ or ‘extreme’ risk categories of Verisk Maplecroft’s Land and Property Rights Index.

4. Expansion of mandatory human rights due diligence

Mandatory human rights due diligence on supply chains could soon become the norm for businesses operating globally.

One trend highlighted by the report is the expanding mandatory reporting legislation in western countries, which means that more companies will be obliged to publicly disclose how they respect human rights.

And in some countries, legal requirements are no longer limited to disclosure: Mandatory human rights due diligence is becoming mainstream, the report says. Such laws have already been passed in France and the Netherlands, and are expected to pass in Switzerland.

Whether it’s on modern slavery, child labour or human rights in general, more countries are adopting new laws. While this may raise the compliance stake for companies, it also creates a market incentive for ethical business.

“Businesses are increasingly going to have to report about what they are doing, and in some cases actually show that they have taken action,” says Channer. “For business, obviously it’s a burden, but actually it’s also an opportunity because greater scrutiny means that governments are creating a market for ethical companies. So companies that try to ensure that workers in their business and in their supply chain are protected will get recognition for that.”

5. Blockchain to transform supply chain management

Blockchain, distributed ledger and other new technologies could transform the way businesses manage their supply chain and thus their human rights impact.

Walmart and BHP Billiton are among some of the companies already piloting blockchain technology, big data analytics and monitoring devices with the purpose of tracking products in the supply chain.

“One of the key challenges for companies is mapping very complex global supply chains, so a lot of companies are blind to the source of their goods beyond tier 1 or tier 2,” Channer says. “So one of the things that distributed ledger technology or blockchain can do to help companies, is provide a system which records those supply chain transactions in a secure manner and in a way that can be accessed in real time. Then that system could potentially provide a record for the final product.”

The development of these technologies is still in the initial stages, but it could have a transformative impact in the future. By increasing transparency in the supply chain, these technologies give businesses a greater chance ensure that goods are being produced by workers in decent conditions. But, Channer adds, technology cannot prevent human rights abuses on its own.

“The power of these technologies is when they are combined with other actions,” she says. “Nothing really replaces taking action on the ground, such as visiting a site, having it audited, working with local unions, collaborating with suppliers. But these new technologies can be used to help identify anomalies and help you identify where you need to go and take further action.”

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Privacy Policy

Our privacy commitments

This Privacy Policy outlines the information we may collect about you in relation to your use of our websites, events, related publications and services (“personal data”) and how we may use that personal data. It also outlines the methods by which we and our service providers may (subject to necessary consents) monitor your online behaviour to deliver customised advertisements, marketing materials and other tailored services. This Privacy Policy also tells you how you can verify the accuracy of your personal data and how you can request that we delete or update it.

This Privacy Policy applies to all websites operated by Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd (as indicated on the relevant website).

This privacy statement does not cover the activities of third parties, and you should consult those third-party sites’ privacy policies for information on how your data is used by them.

Any questions regarding this Policy and our privacy practices should be sent by e-mail to privacy@gtreview.com or by writing to Data Protection Officer at, Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd, 4 Hillgate Place, London, SW12 9ER, United Kingdom. Alternatively, you can telephone our London headquarters at +44 (0) 20 8673 9666.

Who are we?

Established in 2002 and with offices in London and Singapore, Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd is the world’s leading trade and trade finance media company, offering information, news, events and services for companies and individuals involved in global trade.

Our principal business activities are:

Business-to-Business financial publishing. We provide a range of products and services focused on international commodities, export, supply chain and trade finance markets including magazines, newsletters, electronic information and data

Organisers of seminars, conferences, training courses and exhibitions for the finance industry

Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd is a company registered in the United Kingdom with company number 4407327 | VAT Registration: 799 1585 59

Data Protection Policy

This Data Protection Policy explains when and why we collect personal information about people who visit our website, how we use it, the conditions under which we may disclose it to others and how we keep it secure.

Why do we collect information from you?

Our primary goal in collecting personal data from you is to give you an enjoyable customised experience whilst allowing us to provide services and features that will meet your needs.
We collect certain personal data from you, which you give to us when using our Site and/or registering or subscribing for our products and services. However, we also give you the option to access our Sites’ home pages without subscribing or registering or disclosing your personal data.

We also collect certain personal data from other group companies to whom you have given information through their websites (including, by way of example, Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd and subsidiaries, in accordance with the purposes listed below). Should we discover that any such personal data has been delivered to any of the Sites, we will remove that information as soon as possible.

Why this policy exists

This Data Protection Policy ensures Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd:

Complies with data protection law and follow good practice

Protects the rights of staff, customers and partners

Is open about how it stores and processes individuals’ data

pretexts itself from the risk of a data breach

We may change this Policy from time to time so please check this page occasionally to ensure that you’re happy with any changes. By using our website, you’re agreeing to be bound by this Policy.

Data protection law

The Data Protection Act 1998 described how organisations – including Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd – must collect, handle and store personal information. These rules apply regardless of whether data is stored electronically, on paper or on other materials. To comply with the law, personal information collected must be stored safely, not disclosed unlawfully and used fairly.

The Data Protection Act is underpinned by eight important principles. These say that personal data must:

Be processed fairly and lawfully

Be obtained only for specific, lawful purposes

Be adequate, relevant and not excessive

Be accurate and kept up to date

Not be held for any longer than necessary

Processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects

Be protected in appropriate ways

Not be transferred outside the European Economic Area (EEA), unless that country of territory also ensures an adequate level of protection

How do we collect information from you?

We obtain information about you when you use our website, for example, when you contact us about products and services, when you register for an event, register to receive eNewsletters, subscribe or register for a trial to our GTR magazine/website.

Types of Personal Data Held and its Use

1. Customer Services and Administration

On some Sites, Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd collects personal data such as your name, job title, department, company, e-mail, phone, work and/or home address, in order to register you for access to certain content, subscriptions and events. In addition, we may also store information including IP address and page analytics, including information regarding what pages are accessed, by whom and when.

This information is used to administer and deliver to you the products and/or services you have requested, to operate our Sites efficiently and improve our service to you, and to retain records of our business transactions and communications. By using the Sites and submitting personal information through the registration process you are agreeing that we may collect, hold, process and use your information (including personal information) for the purpose of providing you with the Site services and developing our business, which shall include (without limitation) the purposes described in the below paragraphs.

2. Monitoring use of our Sites

Where, as part of our Site services, we enable you to post information or materials on our Site, we may access and monitor any information which you upload or input, including in any password-protected sections. Subject to any necessary consents, we also monitor and/or record the different Sites you visit and actions taken on those Sites, e.g. content viewed or searched for. If you are a registered user (e.g. a subscriber or taking a trial), when you log on, this places a cookie on your machine. This enables your access to content and services that

are not publicly available. Once you are logged on, the actions you take – for example, viewing an article – will be recorded (subject to any necessary consents). We may use technology or a service provider to do this for us. This information may be used for one or more of the following purposes:

to fulfil our obligations to you;

to improve the efficiency, quality and design of our Sites and services;

to see which articles, features and services are most read and used

to track compliance with our terms and conditions of use, e.g. to ensure that you are acting within the scope of your user licence;

for advertising purposes, although the information used for these purposes does not identify you personally. Please see paragraph 5 below for more details;

to protect or comply with our legal rights and obligations; and

to enable our journalists to contact and interact with you online in connection with any content you may post to our Sites.

Please see paragraph 5 below for more information on cookies and similar technologies and a link to a page where you can turn them on or off.

3. Marketing

Some of your personal data collected under paragraphs 1 and 2 above may be used by us to contact you by e-mail, telephone and/or post for sending information or promotional material on our products and/or services and/or those of our other group companies. We give you the opportunity to opt-out of receiving marketing communications. Further detail can be found on the applicable Site and in the footer of each marketing communication sent by us, our group companies or service providers. See also “Consents and opt-outs” section below. We will not share your information with third parties for marketing purposes.

4. Profiling

We may analyse your personal information to create a profile of your interests and preferences so that we can contact you with information relevant to you.

5. Cookies and similar technologies

All our Sites use cookies and similar technical tools to collect information about your access to the Site and the services we provide.

What is a cookie?

When you enter some sites, your computer will be issued with a cookie. Cookies are text files that identify your computer to servers. Cookies in themselves do not identify the individual user, just the computer used.

Many sites do this whenever a user visits their site in order to track traffic flows, recording those areas of the site that have been visited by the computer in question, and for how long.

Users have the opportunity to set their computers to accept all cookies, to notify them when a cookie is issued, or not to receive cookies at any time. Selecting not to receive means that certain personalised services Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd offers cannot then be provided to that user.

Why do we use cookies?

Log In – Where we provide log in mechanisms for site users a cookie is created at login and for the duration of the session. Each cookie contains a unique reference number only (no personal information) which is used to confirm you are authorised.

Analytics – To allow us to keep track of traffic to our website we use cookies. The cookies simply tell us if you have previously visited our website so we can get more accurate figures for New vs Returning visitors.

We may use cookies to:

remember that you have used the Site before; this means we can identify the number of unique visitors we receive to different parts of the Site. This allows us to make sure we have enough capacity for the number of users that we get and make sure that the Site runs fast enough

remember your login session so you can move from one page to another within the Site;

store your preferences or your user name and password so that you do not need to input these details every time you visit the Site;

customise elements of the layout and/or content of the pages of Site for you;

record activity on our Sites so that we understand how you use our Sites enabling us to better tailor our content, services and marketing to your needs;

collect statistical information about how you use the Site so that we can improve the Site; and

gather information about the pages on the Site that you visit, and other information about other websites that you visit, so as to place you in a “market segment”. This information is only collected by reference to the IP address that you are using, but does include information about the county and city you are in, together with the name of your internet service provider.

Most web browsers automatically accept cookies but, if you prefer, you can change your browser to prevent that, or to notify you each time a cookie is set. You can also learn more about cookies in general by visiting www.allaboutcookies.org which includes additional useful information on cookies and how to block cookies using different types of browser. Please note however, that by blocking, deleting or turning off cookies used on the Site you may not be able to take full advantage of the Site.

6. E-mail tracking

E-mail tracking is a method for monitoring the e-mail delivery to those subscribers who have opted-in to receive marketing e-mails from GTR, including GTR Africa, GTR Asia, GTR Americas, GTR Europe, GTR Mena, GTR eNews, Third party e-mails and GTR Ventures.

Why do we track e-mails?

So that we can better understand our users’ needs, we track responses, subscription behaviour and engagement to our e-mails – for example, to see which links are the most popular in newsletters. They enable us to understand the consumers journey through metrics including open rate, click-through rate, bounces and unsubscribes. Any other purposes for which Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd wishes to use your personal data will be notified to you and your personal data will not be used for any such purpose without obtaining your prior consent.

How do you track GTR eNewsletters?

To do this, we use pixel GIFs, also known as “pixel tags” – these are small image files that are placed within the body of our e-mail messages. When that image is downloaded from our web servers, the e-mail is recorded as being opened. By using some form of digitally time-stamped record to reveal the exact time and date that an e-mail was received or opened, as well the IP address of the recipient.

7. Consents and opt-outs

You can give your consent to opt-out of all or any particular uses of your data as indicated above by:

Indicating at the point on the relevant Site where personal data is collected

Informing us by e-mail, post or phone

Updating your preferences on the applicable Site or eNewsletter (unsubscribe and preference options are available in the footer of each eNewsletter)

To turn cookies and similar technologies on and off, see the information in paragraph 5 above.
Any questions regarding consents and opt-outs should be sent by e-mail to privacy@gtreview.com or by writing to Data Protection Officer at, Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd, 4 Hillgate Place, London, SW12 9ER, United Kingdom. Alternatively, you can telephone our London headquarters at +44 (0) 20 8673 9666.

8. Disclosures

Information collected at one Site may be shared between Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd and other group companies for the purposes listed above.

We may transfer, sell or assign any of the information described in this policy to third parties as a result of a sale, merger, consolidation, change of control, transfer of assets or reorganisation of our business.

9. Public forums, message boards and blogs

Some of our Sites may have a message board, blogs or other facilities for user generated content available and users can participate in these facilities. Any information that is disclosed in these areas becomes public information and you should always be careful when deciding to disclose your personal information.

10. Data outside the EEA

Services on the Internet are accessible globally so collection and transmission of personal data is not always limited to one country. Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd may transfer your personal data, for the above-listed purposes to other third parties, which may be located outside the European Economic Area and/or with a different level of personal data protection. However, when conducting transfers, we take all necessary steps to ensure that your data is treated reasonably, securely and in accordance with this Privacy Statement.

Who has access to your information?

Confidentiality and Security of Your Personal Data

We are committed to keeping the data you provide us secure and will take reasonable precautions to protect your personal data from loss, misuse or alteration.

However, the transmission of information via the internet is not completely secure. Although we will do our best to protect your personal data, we cannot guarantee the security of your data transmitted to our Site; any transmission is at your own risk. Once we have received your information, we will use strict procedures and security features described above to try to prevent unauthorised access.

We have implemented information security policies, rules and technical measures to protect the personal data that we have under our control from:

unauthorised access

improper use or disclosure

unauthorised modification

unlawful destruction or accidental loss

All our employees, contractors and data processors (i.e. those who process your personal data on our behalf, for the purposes listed above), who have access to, and are associated with the processing of your personal data, are obliged to keep the information confidential and not use it for any other purpose than to carry out the services they are performing for us.

Responsibilities

Everyone who works for or with Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd has some responsibility for ensuring data is collected, stored and handled appropriately. Each team handling personal data must ensure that it is handled and processed in line with this policy and data protection principles. However, the following people have key areas of responsibility.
The board of directors is ultimately responsible for ensuring that Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd meets its legal obligations.

Name of Data Controller

The Data Controller is Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd. Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd is subject to the UK Data Protection Act 1998 and is registered in the UK with the Information Commissioner`s Office.

How to access, update and erase your personal information

If you wish to know whether we are keeping personal data about you, or if you have an enquiry about our privacy policy or your personal data held by us, in relation to any of the Sites, you can contact the Data Protection Officer via:

Upon request, we will provide you with a readable copy of the personal data which we keep about you. We may require proof of your identity and may charge a small fee (not exceeding the statutory maximum fee that can be charged) to cover administration and postage.

Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd allows you to challenge the data that we hold about you and, where appropriate in accordance with applicable laws, you may have your personal information:

erased

rectified or amended

completed

Disclosing data for other reasons

In certain circumstances, the Data Protection Act allows personal data to be disclosed to law enforcement agencies without the consent of the data subject. Under these circumstances, Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd, will disclose requested data. However, the Data Controller will ensure the request is legitimate, seeking assistance from the board and from the company’s legal advisors where necessary.

Changes to this Privacy Statement

We will occasionally update this Privacy Statement to reflect new legislation or industry practice, group company changes and customer feedback. We encourage you to review this Privacy Statement periodically to be informed of how we are protecting your personal data.

Providing information

Exporta Publishing & Events Ltd aims to ensure that individuals are aware that their data is being processed, and that they understand.

How the data is being used

How to exercise their rights

To this end, the company has a privacy statement, setting out how data relating to individuals is used by the company. This is available on request and available on the company’s website.

Review of this policy

We keep this Policy under regular review. This Privacy Statement was last updated in April 2018.