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Lidar

Lidar is a laser-based
method of detection, range finding and mapping.

Lidar typically uses a low-power, eye-safe pulsing laser working in conjunction with a camera.
The laser illuminates a target and associated software calculates the time it takes for the laser
to reflect back from the target. In some applications, specifically-tuned lasers may be used to
excite and detect elements or compounds.

Lidar's best-known application is measuring the speed of a target, for example in police speed
guns (one of the few non-eye-safe applications of the technology). Lidar is used in
conjunction with GPS to
yield three-dimensional (3-D)
topographical maps -- even through foliage -- by sweeping from a vantage point such as the
underside of an aircraft.

Because Lidar can penetrate forest canopy, the technology has been used to find lost cities. In
June 2013, an international team of researchers used Lidar to discover Cambodia's Mahendraparvata,
a 1200-year-old city that rivals the current capitol in size and complexity.

Other applications of Lidar include:

Range-finding and map-making in space exploration. In the 1970s, for example, Lidar was used to
map the surface of the moon.

Obstacle detection and collision avoidance in autonomous vehicles, such as driverless cars.

Biological agent detection and autonomous flight for military operations.

Determining the most effective use of fertilizers for farming efficiency.

Predicting the energy yield for wind power.

Surveying and calculating ore volumes for minerals.

It is not known where the word Lidar comes from. According to various sources, the word
is an acronym for
light detection and ranging, laser interferometry detectionand ranging or
light/radar.

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