Battledores were usually made of thick paper folded into thirds. They typically included the alphabet with diphthongs in both capital and small letters, pairs of letters for phonics lessons, letters out of order to help children distinguish between different letters, a prayer or short story, and illustrations of biblical or everyday scenes that children would have been familiar with. They eventually replaced hornbooks. This battledore is listed in Kirkor Gumuchian's "Les Livere de L'enfance du XVe au XIXe siècle" Vol. I, p. 6, no. 81 with an image in Vol. II, Plate 207 [Special Collections Reading Room (Call Number: Z1037 .G89)].