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Little is known about potential harmful effects as a consequence of self-guided internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT), such as symptom deterioration rates. Thus, safety concerns remain and hamper the implementation of self-guided iCBT into clinical practice. We aimed to conduct an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of clinically significant deterioration (symptom worsening) in adults with depressive symptoms who received self-guided iCBT compared with control conditions. Several socio-demographic, clinical and study-level variables were tested as potential moderators of deterioration.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials that reported results of self-guided iCBT compared with control conditions in adults with symptoms of depression were selected. Mixed effects models with participants nested within studies were used to examine possible clinically significant deterioration rates.

Results

Thirteen out of 16 eligible trials were included in the present IPD meta-analysis. Of the 3805 participants analysed, 7.2% showed clinically significant deterioration (5.8% and 9.1% of participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively). Participants in self-guided iCBT were less likely to deteriorate (OR 0.62, p < 0.001) compared with control conditions. None of the examined participant- and study-level moderators were significantly associated with deterioration rates.

Conclusions

Self-guided iCBT has a lower rate of negative outcomes on symptoms than control conditions and could be a first step treatment approach for adult depression as well as an alternative to watchful waiting in general practice.

Strong absorption lines in quasar spectra primarily probe low-mass galaxies and detecting these in emission has previously been difficult. Dedicated surveys for the host galaxies of damped Lyman-α (DLA) systems have often resulted in non-detections and upper limits. Targeting the most metal-rich absorbers has proven to be a viable method, because these galaxies are brighter. By combining DLA metallicities and deriving host galaxy stellar masses, we find that metal-rich DLAs (with >10% solar metallicity) and their host galaxies follow the same redshift-dependent scaling relation between stellar mass and metallicity as luminosity-selected galaxies. We derive a prediction for an absorber galaxy mass that depends on the DLA metallicity.

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m2 in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m2 in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.

We have observed the local explosion environments of a sample Type Ic and Type Ic-BL Supernove (SNe) selected from both targeted and non-targeted surveys using VLT/VIMOS in IFU-mode. It is believed that by probing the local surroundings of the parent stellar populations of these types of SNe, valuable information can be gained about the physical conditions, which affect the type of SNe produced. The different kinds of SNe produced are determined by the initial mass and metallicity of the stellar progenitor, as well as by the metallicity-dependent mass loss in the stellar winds at the end phase of their evolution and the interaction with a sufficiently close companion star.

This focus meeting builds on a small conference “Galaxies meet GRBs at Cabo de Gata” held in September 2013 in Spain, which, for the first time, brought together people from the GRB and starburst communities and proved to be a great success. Focus Meeting 10 at the XXIX IAU GA was the continuation of this interdisciplinary collaboration, supported by Division J (Galaxies and Cosmology), Division D (High Energy Phenomena and Fundamental Physics) and Division G Working Group “Massive Stars”.

For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m2) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.

We present spatially resolved emission line studies of three nearby GRB and SN hosts with longslit and/or IFU observations. We compare the environment of the GRBs/SNe with those of other star-forming regions in the host galaxy and try to get informations on the progenitor from stellar population models and metallicities.

I present results from an ongoing survey to study galaxies associated with damped Lyman-α (DLA) systems at redshifts z>2. Integral field spectroscopy is used to search for Lyα emission line objects at the wavelengths where the emission from the quasars have been absorbed by the DLAs. The DLA galaxy candidates detected in this survey are found at distances of 10–20 kpc from the quasar line of sight, implying that galaxies are surrounded by neutral hydrogen at large distances. If we assume that the distribution of neutral gas is exponential, the scale length of the neutral gas is ~6 kpc, similar to large disk galaxies in the local Universe. The emission line luminosities imply smaller star formation rates compared to other high redshift galaxies found in luminosity selected samples.

The Danish Twin Registry is the oldest national twin register in the world, initiated in 1954, and, by the end of 2005, contained more than 75,000 twin pairs born in the between 1870 and 2004. The Danish Twin Registry is used as a source for studies on the genetic influence on normal variation in clinical parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, clinical studies of specific diseases, and aging and age-related health problems. The combination of survey data, clinical data and linkage to national health-related registers enables follow-up studies of both the general twin population and twins from clinical studies. This paper summarizes the newest extension of the register and gives examples of new developments and phenotypes studied.

Haplotype inference has become an important part of human genetic data analysis due to its functional and statistical advantages over the single-locus approach in linkage disequilibrium mapping. Different statistical methods have been proposed for detecting haplotype – disease associations using unphased multi-locus genotype data, ranging from the early approach by the simple gene-counting method to the recent work using the generalized linear model. However, these methods are either confined to case – control design or unable to yield unbiased point and interval estimates of haplotype effects. Based on the popular logistic regression model, we present a new approach for haplotype association analysis of human disease traits. Using haplotype-based parameterization, our model infers the effects of specific haplotypes (point estimation) and constructs confidence interval for the risks of haplotypes (interval estimation). Based on the estimated parameters, the model calculates haplotype frequency conditional on the trait value for both discrete and continuous traits. Moreover, our model provides an overall significance level for the association between the disease trait and a group or all of the haplotypes. Featured by the direct maximization in haplotype estimation, our method also facilitates a computer simulation approach for correcting the significance level of individual haplotype to adjust for multiple testing. We show, by applying the model to an empirical data set, that our method based on the well-known logistic regression model is a useful tool for haplotype association analysis of human disease traits.

Using integral field spectroscopy (IFS) we have observed QSOs which were previously known to have intervening DLAs, to search for emission lines in the field surrounding the QSOs. The sample consists of 13 DLAs plus 7 sub-DLAs at $z>2$, from which we find emission line candidates at the expected wavelengths for 8 systems, implying a detection frequency of 40%. Emission lines detected at the DLA redshifts are interpreted as being due to Ly$\alpha$ lines from galaxies associated with the DLA clouds. Candidates are detected at $3-4\sigma$ levels in both narrow-band images and spectra created from the data cubes. We find no preference for candidate detection associated with either high or low metallicity DLAs. In comparison with the properties of previously known DLA galaxies, the candidates show similar distributions of line fluxes and line widths, but their impact parameters are slightly different, suggesting H I cross sections larger than 10 kpc.

The present study is the psychological part of a comprehensive study of male patients with the XYY syndrome from the Cytogenetic Laboratory, Risskov (Nielsen, 1968, 1969, 1971; Nielsen et al., 1969a, b; and Nielsen and Henriksen, 1972).

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