they are spiders, insects, centipedes etc. anthropods have an exoskeleton which sheds as they gorw, and have moving limbs with joints

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how are living organisms classified and grouped?

by their characteristics

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what is the bionamal naming system?

giving each species a latin anme

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what is the difference between artificial and natural classification?

artificial-based on physical features such as beaks, Natural- includes internal and external features

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what shows energy transfer between animals? what are producers and Consumers?

food chains show the transfer of energy. producers are things like plants which produce food for others but loose energy during photosynthesis. Consumers are animals etc. which eat other organisms. all chains rely on plants.

work out... a sheep eats 100kj of energy in the form of grass. but only 9KJ becomes sheep tissue. calculate the energy efficiency transfer in the sheep.

9% (9/100 X100)

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deos the number of organisms decrease or increase as you go up the pyramid of numbers?

decrease, but somtimes is the animal is small and the food is large, the food at the bottom ends up being smaller than the animal Eg- lettuce..-..Slugs..-..thrushes..-..hawks

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what is the pyramid of biomass and wat does it take into account?

shoes the dry mass of the materials at each stage, it takes the mass into consideration meaning the pyramid never becomes uneven

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why do people recycle?

to help sustain the removale of materials from the environment

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what happens when you recycle in waterlogegd or acidic soils? why?

recycling takes longer due to the fact that the soil lacks oxygen and iisnt the best pH for the soil to remain at its best working rate

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what is the carbon cycle ?

the carbon cycle is the cylce of csrbon in the atmosphere, CO2 is removed from atmosphere for photosynthesis.

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what are the steps?

Plants&animals respire leaving CO2 in the atmosphere meaning the decomposers (soil, bacteria, fungi) feed on them abnd they decay releasing CO2 into the atmosphere.

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what is nitrogen and the cycle

nitrogen helps produce proteins. it happens in nature; plants absorb nitrates from soil, animals eat plants, it passes through the food chain, then dead animals&plants are broken down by decomposers, which will then release nitrates into the soil.

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what do plants fight for in their environment?

competefro light, water and minerals

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what do animals fight for in their environemt?

compete for food, water, shelter and mates

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whats the difference between interspecific and intrapecific

interspecific is when different species compete for the same resource. intraspecific individuals from the same species compete for resorces.

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what are predators and prey?

predators hunt, prey get hunted

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do predators outnumber prey all the time??

false, prey will always outnumber the predators

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give some examples of parasites and explain what they are

flea, mosquito, tapeworms. organisms that live off other organisms

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what is a mutalisitc relationship?

when both organisms benefit from eachother, the oxpecker and buffalo. the oxpecker eats the ticks but making the buffalo clean therfro bth benefit.

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what are adaptations?

special features of characteristics that make organisms well suited for their environment

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what makes organisms wells suited to cold environments?

insulated, small surface area, hibernation, small ears and nose, fur,blubber,

Charles darwin. The theory that the best adapted will survive - natural selection

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What are examples of natural selection?

Peppered moths, can be pale or dark. High pollution changed the pepper moth to dark

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What is Lamarks theory?

Organisms change during their lifetime, these changes are passed down to their siblings

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What are examples of finite resources?

Fossil fuels, it's the increase of demand by population increase

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What does carbon footprint mean?

Amount of greenhouse gasses a person or event is responsible for

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What is ozone depletion?

Natural gas found in the atmosphere preventing UV rays, if CFC's go up there will be an increase of skin cancer

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What is global warming?

Known as greenhouse effect- heat energy reflected from sun t earth then back towards space, the CO2 stops some rays getting out causing global warming

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What are indicator species?

Species that have evolved to survive the toxic effects of pollution.

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what is the most common source of air polltuion?

The most common source of air pollution is the combustion of fossil fuels

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how is water pollution caused?

Water pollution is caused by the discharge of harmful substances into rivers, lakes and sea

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what factors cause extinction?

changes to the environment - such as a change in climate, destruction of habitats, hunting, pollution, competition from other species

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whats an example of an extinct animal

The dodo bird

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how can we affect the rate of extinction?

education programmes, captive, breeding programmes legal protection and protection of their habitats, making artificial ecosystems for them to live in

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what are the consequences of deforestation?

the destruction of forest habitats, endangering many forest-dwelling species, Causes soil erosion, as the soil-stabilising effect of tree roots is removed- this leads to barren land and a risk of flooding, increased atmospheric pollution