The relatively recent emergence in children of type 2 diabetes, a condition once considered ‘late-onset’, has been viewed with consternation around the world. Guidelines directed at healthcare professionals dealing with children have generally focused on type 1 diabetes; it is only now becoming apparent that type 2 diabetes in children is a serious condition and that it is at least as demanding to manage. The chapter on children in the Global Guideline seeks to raise awareness of these problems, which are faced by increasing numbers of families.