ABSTRACT
This paper presents an overview of the solar boosted
heat pump water heater technology. The tests made on direct
expansion solar assisted heat pumps have shown that good
COP can be attained while using working fluids that do not
cause any harm to the environ ment. Modifications to the
condenser in the heat pump can be made in order to improve
and distribute evenly the heat transferred to the water.
NOMENCLATURE
HPWH – Heat Pump Water Heater
SBHPWH – Solar Boosted Heat Pump Water Heater
SBHP – Solar Boosted Heat Pump
COP – Coefficient Of Performance
SAHP – Solar Assisted Heat Pump
DX-SAHP – Direct Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump
Qw – Heat transfer to water
Wc – Electricity consumed by the compressor
CFC – Chlorofluorocarbon
ODP – Ozone Depletion Potential
GWP – Global Warming Potential

transformed into higher grade heat and transferred to the
water.
An improved type of heat pump has been developed
and is known as the Solar Booster Heat Pump Water Heater
(SBHPWH). The principle behind this device is similar to the one described above. The difference lies in the energy source. Air is still providing energy to the system; however, the
evaporator also plays the role of the collector to absorb the radiations emitted by the sun.
There are several advantages to this type of heat
pump. The radiation emitted by the sun provides a good source of energy except during the night and on cloudy days. The
SBHP can still operate as it also uses the ambient air as an energy source. Using a refrigerant as the working fluid also prevents the system from rusting and it enables the SHBP to
function in low temperature environments where water, which
has a higher freezing point, would solidify and not flow in the structure. The refrigerant is usually at a temperature lower or equal to the ambient air which minimizes or even eliminates
the heat loss by convection to the surroundings.

2. BRIEF HISTORY AND WORKING PRINCIPLES
1. INTRODUCTION
Heat pump water heaters are devices that extract
energy in the form of heat to transfer it to a fluid. The different type of sources used for heat pumps are: air, ground and
ground water. Each of these sources has energy stored in them and the role of the heat pump is to take that energy at low
pressure and temperature and raise those two properties of the fluid.
This paper will mainly focus on air as the one of the
sources of low-grade energy. Air is drawn into the heat pump by means of a fan. The air then flows through an evaporator
which contains a refrigerant. The fluid in the evaporator,
which is at a lower temperature than the air, absorbs its heat. A compressor is then used to increase the temperature a nd
pressure of the refrigerant. The hot refrigerant then flows
through a condenser which transfers the heat to the water
stored in a tank.
This system works in most of the places around the
world since air contains energy that can be absorbed,

Heat pumps have been developed to reduce the use of
fossil fuels for heating purposes in households.
The first concept of the heat pump has been awarded to
Sadi Carnot, a French officer, in 1824 but it is only in 1927 that an English engineer T.G.N. Haldane, patented this
invention for the first time. [2]
The first large scale uses of the heat pump water heaters(HPWH) have been recorded in the 1950’s in the United States. The following decade, their unreliability caused a severe drop in their commercialization. The rise of the prices of fossil fuels in the 1970’s induced an increase in the cost of electricity. Greater efforts were made to develop technol ogies that would suppress or minimize the consumption of oil and gas. [1,2] . Heat pumps were then

The following figure illustrates how heat pump water heaters function.

1

exchanger [5,6]. The evaporator and solar collector were then combined in a single element to produce a new solar...

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...﻿Global SolarWaterHeater Market 2014-2018
A SWH comprises solar collectors and storage tanks. It uses sunlight to heatwater and is generally installed on the roof of a building. There are two types of SWHs: active and passive. The active waterheaters use pumps to circulate water whereas the passive ones do not require any pumps or control units for water circulation. The advantages of SWHs over conventional waterheaters are that they are cost-effective and reduce the dependence over other fossil fuels.
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This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global SolarWaterHeater market for the period 2014-2018. To calculate the market size, the report considers the cumulative installation of SWHs. A detailed study of the geographical segmentation has been discussed in the report, and installation and growth patterns of the Global SWH market have been provided. The report also discusses the key geographies (the APAC region, the Americas, and the EMEA region) in terms of demand. In addition, it presents the vendor landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the key vendors in the Global SWH market.
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...Introduction
Heatpump is considered to be the most effective way to provide space heating and cooling compared to electrical heater or fire heater. It normally counts for more than half of the total energy usage of each house or building. However, the economical and environmental burden of heatpump has become larger and larger due to the growing awareness of the greenhouse effect and the increasing price of electricity. A number of modifications have been added to heatpumps to increase its performance and reduce the operation costs. Solar assisted ground source heatpump system (SAGSHP) which has been developed recently could provide a sustainable way to modify traditional heatpumps. In this paper, the thermodynamic principle, description and working procedures of SAGSHP will be introduced as well as the discussion of the advantages, disadvantages and future status of such heatpump system.
Thermodynamic principle
Coefficient of performance (COP) (which is defined as the ratio of the heat transfered to the work input) is the major way to examine the performance of a heatpump system. For the pumps that are at the same power, the higher COP could indicate higher performance. From temperature point of...

...﻿Heatpump
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For theoretical background, see Heatpump and refrigeration cycle.
Outdoor components of a residential air-source heatpump
A heatpump is a machine or device that transfers thermal energy from one location, called the "source," which is at a lower temperature, to another location called the "sink" or "heat sink", which is at a higher temperature. Thus, heatpumps moves thermal energy opposite to the direction that it normally flows. While compressor-driven air conditioners and freezers are technically heatpumps, the class includes many other types of devices, and the term "heatpump" usually implies one of the less-common devices in the class that are not dedicated to refrigeration-only.
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The most common type of heatpump is the air-source heatpump, which transfers heat between your house and the outside air. If you heat with electricity, a...

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of
water
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concept
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light
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ﬂowing
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This
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hea9ng
device
is
really
simple
and
not
complicated
at
all,
and
able
to
heat
up
water
for
anything
and
we
will
try
to
heat
a
swimming
pool.
Based
on
our
analysis
and
prototype
tes9ng,
the
design
should
be
able
to
heatwater
up
to
5
degrees
or
more.
We
ran
cold
water
through
the
panel
at
a
ﬂow
rate
of
8.7
litres/min.
The
water
temperature
entering
the
ﬁrst
panel
was
21.1°C
and
leaving
was
22.4°C,
giving
us
a
1.3°C
temperature
rise
and
we
increased
the...

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Study the diagram and equipment provided and identify the various components of the HeatPump – that is, the compressor (1-2), the condenser (2-3), the expansion valve (3-4) and the evaporator (4-1) and the locations of the pressure and temperature sensors.
Using 1 cooling fan at the evaporator (4-1), varying the water flow rate to the heat exchanger of the condenser (2-3) by turning the water control valve to the heat exchanger. Vary the water flow rate to give you 5 readings (from 15 litres/min to 7 litres/min). After each adjustment, allow the system to run for 10 minutes to stabilize before taking any reading.
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Tabulate your results in the following table. Calculate the coefficient of performance and compared with the ideal coefficient of performance.
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...Air Source HeatPump
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Component | Share in 2010 to overall cost | Share in 2013 to overall cost |
Poly silicon | 17% | 13% |
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Cell | 25% | 22% |
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