In this paper, the author has summarized almost all the Neogene pollenfloras of Japan. As a result of this summary, he adopts the Neogene pollen zones from the coastal regions of the Sea of Japan in northeast Japan and the Niigata oil-field region as a representative of the Neogene pollen floras of Japan. The pollen zones are composed of three pollen zones, that is, the Pinaceae-Fagus zone (Early Miocene), the Carya-Liquidambar zone (Middle-a part of Late Miocene), and the Taxodiaceae- Fagus zone (Late Miocene-Pliocene). Furthermore, the carya-Liquidambar zone is divided into two subzones, the Liquidambar and Carya subzones and the Taxodiaceae-Fagus zone into the Fagus and Metasequoia subzones. In studying the Neogene spores and pollen grains of Japan, the author feels strongly that a detailed description of each spore and pollen grain is necessary. The detailed description decides whether each researcher deals with the same kind of grain under the same genus name or not and consequently makes a correlation possible. He hopes to introduce the international binomial nomenclature to a study of the Neogene spores and pollen grains.