In this course you will learn how to design the type of training that takes advantage of the plastic nature of the athlete’s body so you mold the right phenotype for a sport. We explore ways the muscular system can be designed to generate higher force and power and the type of training needed to mold the athlete's physical capacity so it meets the energy and biochemical demands of the sport.
We also examine the cost of plasticity when it is carried beyond the ability of the body to adjust itself to meet the imposed training stresses. The cost of overextending plasticity comes in the form injuries and chronic fatigue. In essence, a coach can push the athlete’s body too far and it can fail. Upon completion of this course you will be able to assemble a scientifically sound annual training plan.

Reviews

SK

This course gives a basic understanding of how to train the athletes in a right approach without overlaoding and injury

NF

Jun 23, 2019

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its very very understandable and i really gain a lot from it please keep the work.thanks

From the lesson

Training Science

In the first topic you are introduced to the fundamentals of training science. This knowledge underlies your ability to design the type of training that will most effectively improve an athlete’s performance. Essential concepts such as homeostasis, core training principles, magnitude and timing of the training stimulus, and periodization theory are all discussed.

Taught By

Dr. Chris Brooks

Instructor

Transcript

Growth maturation and training contribute to the athlete's sport development in very different ways. Now, here's a chart illustrating the relationship between movement development and growth early in childhood. Between two and six years is the phase where fundamental movement such as walking and skipping and hopping and running are acquired. Fundamental movement skills incorporate agility, balance, and coordination. These movements are accomplished through natural play, and is a critical phase for future proficiency in sports skills. Exposure to a wide variety of movements during this stage of development provides an essential foundation for sports skills that are developed at the next phase of growth and maturation. This next phase begins during late childhood between age 6 and around 12 years of age. This phase of movement development is another critical stage for long-term sporting achievement. Coaches working with children in this age group needs superb teaching skills. A sound understanding of the stages of learning. It must proficiently apply state of the art teaching technology suitable for each phase of learning. The adolescence phase between 12 to 18 years is where substantial physical growth occurs and athlete sports skills gradually become highly developed during this phase. Sports training expands their physical capacity and their exploitation capabilities beyond that, due to growth and maturation. For most sports, peak performance occurs between the end of puberty and 30 to 35 years of age. After age 35 years, degenerative changes begin to occur due to the inability of the body to keep up with the repairs needed to maintain exceptionally high organ functioning that sports demand. A decline in performance is due to a gradual reduction in the quality And size of the internal structures, and also in the quality of the biochemistry of the cells. The nervous system, however, is not affected until much later into old age. And this is the reason an aging athlete can retain a high level of motor control demanded by sports skills. Watch the effortless performance of the older elite athlete and you will appreciate how highly their proficient skills can overcome the decline in their physical capacity. In essence, growth and maturation is intertwined with a young athlete's performance through to the end of puberty. And it's difficult to separate the influence of growth and maturation out from the training effect. Now, we discussed some of these complexities in part one of the sports science series. In this course, we will delve into these complexities further. Let's begin by comparing how and why growth in sports training impacts a young athlete's physical capacity. We'll list the impact of growth and maturation in this column. And you know from personal experience that as you grow taller you can run faster simply because your strides are longer. You can reach higher, making it easier to throw further. Physical growth tells us a whole lot about what is happening internally. As the child grows physically, the internal organs such as the heart, and lungs, and muscles, are also growing. Bigger internal structures and hearts physiological capacity compared with what they were when you were smaller. And this is one reason you become faster and stronger as you get bigger. Going to list the impact of sports training in this column. First, note that the effect of growth and maturation on enhanced physical abilities is relatively permanent lasting around until 30 years of age when the adverse effects of aging kicks in. Sports training on the other hand is an artificial physiological enhancement providing a temporary improvement that lasts long as training continues. In other In other words both growth and maturation and sports training enhances the physical ability of the athlete's performance. However they do so in very different ways. First they are different purposes for the enhanced performance due to growth and sports training. Biological purpose of enhanced physical capacity due to growth and maturation is to permit a higher level of daily functioning to match the needs of an enlarging body. And when it is at full maturity, to allow it to reliably reproduce. The purpose of an artificially induced growth due to sports training is to broaden the ability of the body to cope with the extreme physical stress of athletic performance. Training induces structural and functional growth in excess of what is needed for daily functioning. There are also difference in how structural growth occurs. Structural growth and enhanced organ functioning due to growth and maturation is genetically programmed and stimulates the formation of new tissues in expansion of organ functioning based on an internal genetic clock. And you can think of this as natural adaptation that is necessary to meet the needs of a body that is enlarging into the adult form. Sports training enhances Is the body's growth and organ functioning in response to specific training stresses by remodeling existing tissues, so organ systems function at a higher level. In this case, enhanced growth is not stimulated by the timing of a genetic clock. There is untapped functional capacity built-in to the body, that remains in reserve in case environmental threats come to be. Training essentially tricks the body into thinking it's under threat, and therefore must draw on functional reserves to survive. In essence, sports training is a special form of enhanced adaptation stimulated by an artificially induced stressful environment. Now, sometimes this type of artificially stress imposed structural And functional expansion detrimentally affects biological reliability. Athletes can and do suffer from respiratory infections. Damaged muscle, joints and ligaments occur. And a female athlete's reproductive physiology can be temporarily closed down. When temperature regulating sensors are overexposed to excess body heat, they can be permanently damaged. Now as I've already mentioned, the expansion of the body's physiological structures, stimulated by the artificial stress of training, continues until around 30 To 35 years of age and it is around this time that peak performance for most sports typically occurs, although the exact timing of peak performance is sport specific. research indicates that explosive sport athletes, such as 200 meter runners Peak at an average age of 25 years. The duration of their peak performance lasts for about three years before decline begins. In explosive power sprint events, peak age decreases as the duration of the performance increases. And this ranges from 27 years for track and field throwing events, lasting one to five seconds. And 20 years of age for swimming sprint events, lasting 21 1 seconds. For endurance sports, however, the age for peak performance increases as event duration lengthens. Ranging from 20 years for swimming events that last about 15 minutes, to 39 years for the ultra distance cycling events lasting several hours. So, when you're watching a young athlete improve their performance over the years, it's easy to forget about the millions of cells invisible to the naked eye. That are growing and adapting naturally. While concurrently responding to artificial training stressors. The ultimate sport performance an athlete attains depends on the combination of these two forms of adaptation stimulants.

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