Today we take food production for granted-go to the supermarket and get whatever we want.

Hunting and gathering actually takes less time and effort than food production.

i.e. soil has to be worked, crops planted, pests controlled, harvested and processed while hunter gatherers, such as San Bushmen of Africa, only spend 12-19 hours per week on food gathering.

Agriculture is risky-could have crops die due to weather conditions.

19Pull Theories

Oasis Theory-

V. Gordon Childe suggested that the climate at the end of the Pleistocene forced people to change strategy. Severe droughts forced people to move to isolated fertile areas called oases. Here they had to maximize area to produce food.

Readiness Hypothesis-

Robert Braidwood suggested that humans became increasingly familiar with plants and animals around them and began to domesticate them. But, no real evidence and he doesn't explain how. Human Selection and Environment-Particular local conditions may have affected different patterns of domestication.

Coevolution-

David Rindos suggests humans unintentionally promoted dispersal of certain types of plants by weeding, storing, irrigating particular wild resources. As these plants became more common reliance on them increased.

20Push Theories

Population Models-

Esther Boserup's idea that societies will intensify food production only when forced to by population pressure on resources.

Demographic Stress-

Lewis Binford linked increasing pop pressure to environmental change.

When sea levels rose, coastal people moved inland and led to population pressure on groups already there, so needed to cultivate to produce enough food.

Population Growth-

Mark Cohen hypothesized that human populations had spread to all areas of the world, and they used all the available food resources, continued pop growth caused the need to produce more food.

31Emergence of ElitesSargon I of Akkad http//www.wsu.edu/gened/learn-modules/top_agrev/7-Social-Consequences/socialcons2.html

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