If you wish to work in Norway, I guess you are aware that some of the subjects translate poorly into the Norwegian society. Law, real estate and risk management are some examples.
The Norwegian official agency for quality assurance of education can probably help you when it comes to what subjects and degrees that will be recognized here.

Now if you had the Norwegian/Scandinavian equivalent of the degree from list A, with decent grades, and present yourself well, you could be able to go right into an "immigration-worthy" job. (in the current work market.) However, your degree is not compatible, because the field is really different, and you wouldn't have the certifications (where relevant).

Now if you have a degree from list B, the degree itself is so general it's compatible. However with such a (business) degree you'll be expected to work yourself up. Even Norwegian candidates can't expect to find a relevant job at once (unless their uncle is the owner). It'll be impossible for you to find a job straight from university that meets the immigration requirements.

I'm going to tell you why it's not special now. It's a normal city in everything but access to nature. That is the only worthwhile thing, the only special thing. You can easily bike into Nordmarka from anywhere in less than 40 minutes (most congested, bad route). Skiing is also cool. This is unique as a capital and supposedly Thimpu in Bhutan is the only other capital which is connected to utmark/wilderness. The taiga extends to Norway and nordmarka can be included. The wilderness also extends to Thimpu as it is in a valley. However, being this close to nature is not unique for compared to other cities (lol) and towns. Tromsø is pretty great this way, and actually the majority of places in Norway. Nordmarka is mediocre in comparison to them. Other places have actual mountains. So when you realize the nature is not special all you are left with is a boring city. Mediocre at best. Currently in a housing bubble. If I didn't have family and friends here I would move away.

The first thing you need to do, no matter what kind of direction you go in education wise, is to make sure the degree is accredited in Norway. The US college system is a mishmash of good, bad and wtf? type of schools and not all degrees are accredited and recognized.

No, it does not only apply to EU citizens. There is a shortage of geologists in Norway so getting a work visa through an employer is how its mostly done, and since there is a shortage the process is much smoother than for other fields (As to my understanding)