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GLOSSARY Some terms will be used in many parts of this document. Here we define and clarify their meaning to avoid misunderstandings. Ethereum: ​ A decentralized platform that runs smart contracts, which are applications that run exactly as programmed without any possibility of downtime, censorship, fraud or third party interference. Blockchain: ​ It’s an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. The continuously growing list of records called blocks ​ are linked and secured using cryptography. The Ethereum blockchain: ​ It is a Blockchain, with a Turing complete scripting language that enables the processing of Smart Contracts on the Blockchain. When we mention “Blockchain” in this whitepaper, we are referring to the Ethereum blockchain specifically. Digital game: ​ An el...

THE PROBLEM Sharing a game with a friend or a family member was as simple as handing over a game cartridge. This rare phenomenon for digital games is still very common on other type of video games media (e.g. game consoles). Sadly, this familiar feature is not possible in most digital games for PC. The existing distribution platforms for digital games are a good opportunity for game developers to make a profit from their hard work. But those platforms take away a great piece of the developers’ revenue for themselves (typically 30%). How can small dev teams grow in a good pace if they are being held back by 30% in profits wherever they publish their games at? Moreover, some indie game developers constantly struggle to finance their projects, which is a barrier for their creations to come to fruition. Although crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter or Indiegogo have help a few teams, they don’t allow to fund a game project without bu...

THE SOLUTION : THE LOTUS PROTOCOL Lotus Core is a decentralized platform for players, developers and investors built on top of Ethereum. In Lotus Core, players will be able to trade games with friends, developers will earn 100% of the revenue derived from selling their digital games, and also receive funding from crowdfunding campaigns within the platform. A new way to register and distribute digital games When a game is purchased or loaned in the Lotus Store, the Lotus Protocol creates a digital game through a Smart Contract with a digital signature and records it in the blockchain, which allows the software developer to guarantee the authenticity of each copy of software and giving players access to their game even when the user is offline. This way, Lotus Core seizes the opportunities inside a new market of digital games traded securely within the blockchain to represent the ownership of property. Ownership of software ...

USE-CASES Buying Process In order to guarantee the ownership, Lotus Core provides an API to create unique cartridges in the blockchain. The validity of cartridges will be given by the recipient address. This implies that the developer will have a direct relation with the final user and consequently get 100% of the profits per sale. Additionally, the cartridges will be digitally signed in order to allow the use of valid cartridges even in offline mode. This process is useful when someone wants to know the number of copies of a digital game and the history of each one. It also serves as a customizable and convenient DRM protection system, allowing to use the software in offline environments and write rules to share the software previously sold. These rules will allow the final user to share or exchange her games: Lotus Core provides a channel for communications between software developers and final users without taking part in the sale process, making the software distribution a truly decentralized e...

In detail, the digital game will require a proof of ownership asking the user’s account to sign a random string with the private key used to buy the game. Doing this will prevent the usage of valid cartridges by users who did not buy the game. This proof is cheap in terms of computer resources and it can be required at any time during the game execution in case of a malicious binary modification that skips the first verification. It is important to mention that a signature can be verified with only the public address of the signer, but it is impossible to generate a valid signature without knowing the signer’s private key. Download Process Aiming to provide a truly decentralized experience Lotus Core needed to come up with a method for players to download games in a way that it does not carry any associated costs to developers or to Lotus Core. To accomplish this task we implemented the Lotus Decentralized Storage (LDS), a cloud-based storage system for games running with a different token called Karma, wher...

To get a better understanding of how Karma will work, consider these conditions: ● A player can download as many games as he/she wants as long as he/she has enough Karma to pay. ● Players can gain Karma by: ○ Acting like storage nodes by lending an agreed amount of local drive space to the network. ○ Purchasing it on the Lotus Store. ○ Owning a game for certain amount of time. ● Players can lose Karma by: ○ Downloading games. ○ Purchasing games with Karma. Execution or Launching Process This is the core of the DRM system, using digital signatures plus the blockchain network to guarantee the unicity and validity of a piece of software. When a game is launched or executed by a player, the compatible applications will connect with the background process that verifies the blockchain and keeps record of the player’s digital games. ...

Trading Process Lotus Core allows players to exchange, gift, lend or sell digital games they own to other players, just like it’s possible with most physical copies of games. Using the capabilities of Smart Contracts, we are able to write rules to perform these actions and at the same time benefit developers in case of trades involving tokens. Funding Process Lotus Core offers developers the opportunity to fund their existing or new game projects using Lotus Tokens (LTS), which serve as proof of investment. Developers who get funded will give a small percentage of their revenue per sale to Lotus Core after launching. If the goal is not reached then the invested tokens are returned to the original owner. ...

ADVANTAGES For players With these Smart Contracts, developers will also benefit from these operations. For developers Games work in offline mode Most of the DRM systems require an active internet connection in order to check in real time the ownership of the software. Using cryptographic digital signatures we can check the validity of any owned cartridge in offline mode. Access to a new loan market Having unique cartridges in the Blockchain plus Smart Contracts allows us to tap into new business opportunities like loaning systems: for instance, we can write a program that gives a cartridge to a player for a limited time and after a while it automatically removes the cartridge from the player’s library. A fair DRM system Using Blockchain assets plus the Smart Contracts technology we can write rules that specify the sale of a game is not a trade barrier for a free market to emerge, allowing the game owner to sell, l...