Temperature-compensated crystal oscillators (TCXOs) are oscillators that use a thermistor network to generate a correction voltage to reduce the frequency deviations over temperature. The compensation network senses the ambient temperature and "pulls" the crystal frequency in order to reduce the frequency vs. temperature effect of the quartz crystal.

Oven-controlled crystal oscillators (OCXOs) use temperature control circuitry to hold the crystal and critical circuitry at a precise, constant temperature. They typically consist of a precision quartz crystal and oven block, temperature sensor, heating element, oven circuitry, and oscillator circuitry and insulating material. The crystal and its elements are placed in the oven block to maintain a stable temperature.

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Surface mount technology (SMT) adds components to a printed circuit board (PCB) by soldering component leads or terminals to the top surface of the board. SMT components have a flat surface that is soldered to a flat pad on the face of the PCB. Typically, the PCB pad is coated with a paste-like formulation of solder and flux. With careful placement, SMT components on solder paste remain in position until elevated temperatures, usually from an infrared oven, melt the paste and solder the component leads to the PCB pads. Industry-standard pick-and-place equipment can mount SMT components quickly, accurately, and cost-effectively. SMT is a widely used alternative to mounting processes that insert pins or terminals through holes and solder leads into place on the opposite side of the board.

Through hole technology (THT) mounts components on a printed circuit board (PCB) by inserting component leads through holes in the board and then soldering the leads in place on the opposite side of the board.

Waveguide assemblies are used in microwave waveguide systems. They consist of a hollow metallic conductor with a rectangular, elliptical, or circular cross-section. Some conductors contain solid or gaseous dielectric materials.

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Bayonet Neil-Concelman (BNC) connectors were designed for military applications, but are used widely in video and RF applications to 2 GHz. BNC connectors have a slotted outer conductor and a plastic dielectric that causes increasing losses at higher frequencies. BNC connectors are usable above 4 GHz as long as the slots radiate signals; however, these devices may not be mechanically stable to 10 GHz. Both 50Ω and 75Ω BNC connectors are available. BNC connectors are also known as bayonet navy connectors or baby Neil connectors.

Threaded Neil-Concelman (TNC) connectors are similar in size to BNC connectors but feature a threaded coupling nut for applications that require performance to 11 GHz. TNC connectors are durable, reliable devices that are widely used in the cellular and mobile communication industry for equipment cabling and antenna interfaces.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a European Union (EU) directive that requires all manufacturers of electronic and electrical equipment sold in Europe to demonstrate that their products contain only minimal levels of the following hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated, biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether. RoHS will become effective on July 1, 2006.

Devices do not contain lead (Pb) in any form. The electronics industry is working to provide lead-free products in response to concerns about the environmental impact of using lead in solder finishes. These efforts are in response to both customer demands and government directives to decrease the amount of waste from consumer electronics. Officially, products that are lead free have less than 1000 ppm lead by weight.

The Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment Regulations (WEEE Regulations) is a European Parliament Directive with the aim of encouraging reuse, recycling, and recovery of electrical and electronic equipment, and to improve the environmental impact and performance of these equipments. This directive sets the requirements and criteria for the collection, treatment, recycling, and recovery of these equipments. It makes producers responsible for financing these activities, and retailers and distributors must provide means for consumers to return used or obsolete equipments without charge.

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Phase noise is the short term random fluctuations of the phase of a signal. Phase noise is particularly important in oscillators because this value is directly related to the frequency stability of the output signal. Phase noise is measured (in dBc/Hz) at different offset frequencies from the carrier frequency. Typically, phase noise is measured at offset frequencies of 1 kHz or 10 kHz, from the carrier frequency.

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Harmonic suppression is the capability of the oscillator to mitigate the power of a harmonic of the output signal. Harmonics are signal components whose frequencies are integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. The most important harmonics for typical oscillators is the second harmonic. In general, a good oscillator will greatly mitigate the power of the second harmonic. Harmonic suppression is measured in terms of decibels relative to the power of the carrier (dBc), which is the decibel value of the ration of the harmonic power to the carrier power.

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Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors (BJT), diodes and resistors. All TTL circuits operate with a 5 V power supply. TTL signals are defined as "low" or L when between 0 V and 0.8 V with respect to the ground terminal, and "high" or H when between 2 V and 5 V.

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