When one thinks of China it is common to conjure up images of rice fields and of the great wall, but also of crowded cities teeming with people and bicycles and cars. One rarely thinks of a nation populated mostly by men and boys, with a noticeable yet surreal absence of women. While this is a bit of an exaggeration, it has been noted over the past several decades that there is an alarmingly imbalanced sex-ratio. The policy has clearly contributed to the nation’s unnatural gender imbalance, as couples use legal and illegal means to ensure that their only child is a son. There are 117 men to each 100 women in China (Goodkind, 2004). In the 1979, when the one-child policy was enacted, the intention was not to create this imbalance, but to control the population of a rapidly growing nation. Unfortunately the one-child policy as it stands, illustrates a cultural favoritism toward males, and degradation of women to a lower social status in which they have little control of their reproductive rights.

In communist China, prior to the population boom, more people meant more manpower to create more economic prospects for the communist nation. The communist government condemned birth control and banned imports of contraceptives (Attane, 2002). Lack of birth control, and government encouragement led China into a time of vast population increase. Hundreds of millions of extra children were born in a baby boom that sent the birth rate soaring to 5.8 children per couple, a level considered unsustainable (Cai &ump; Lavely, 2003). With an increasingly growing population, food sources began to become depleted, and soon it became clear that the rate of reproduction needed to be decreased. To begin, government propaganda cropped up, pushing the slogan, "Late, Long and Few". Chinese couples were encouraged to have children later in life, have greater lengths of time between bearing children, and to have fewer children. Overall this movement was successful and China's population growth decreased from 1970 to 1976 (Fitzpatrick, 2009). Eventually this decrease slowed, and leveled off, prompting the government to take further action to slow the booming population. In 1979 a policy, known internationally as the one-child policy but more delicately called the “policy of birth planning”, was introduced requiring couples from China's ethnic majority to have only one child (Cai &ump; Lavely, 2003). While it seems somewhat reasonable for a government to encourage family planning, and to provide the population with access to birth control, it seems a bit out of line for them to ask a family to have only one child. The pressure of only having one child, in combination with a cultural favoritism toward males is what makes the one-child policy so gravely concerning. It is clear that the excess female infant mortality is directly attributable to the birth-control policy, which caused the pre-existing prevalence of son preference to escalate. In China, son preference is the product of ingrained social norms. Girls and women still occupy a lower social status in society (Zilberberg, 2007). The one-child policy requires authorization for each birth- children are required to be reported to receive documentation that allows them to be part of society- to attend school, to hold a job in adulthood, and to marry. Women are consistently harassed and abused as a result of the policy, in some cases resulting in forced abortion or forced sterilization, although this is supposedly limited to select provinces, and only if the pregnancy violates family planning regulations (U.S. Department of State, 2008). The one-child policy is meant to be a standardized way to implement the government’s birth limitation goals, but it is not consistently or always justly enforced. Although the policy primarily applies to China’s ethnic majority, and to those in the more heavily populated cities, all provinces have their own rules regarding the policy. The policy only grants married...

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...has installed a “one-childpolicy”. The one-childpolicy solved the overpopulation issue in China, but it also introduced a variety of other problems to the country.
In the early 1900's, China's population was about 420 million. In the past century years, it had grown to 1.2 billion, an increase of almost 800 million people in a 100 years. (Hays) Having this many people in one area means that there is a lot of people to feed, clothe, and house. The population has put a large amount of tension on its limited resources. A quarter of China’s land is either desert, or infertile land, therefore no crops can be grown on the land. Also, it means that people won't want to live on it because they wouldn’t be able to support themselves due to the poor soil. This issue leads to tremendous amounts of population density in the cities. The Chinese government realized that something had to be put in place, otherwise they would never again be able to prosper as a country. They decided to set up a plan to reduce the population growth. It was called “China's one-childpolicy”. This policy limits a Chinese family to having only onechild. Originally, the Chinese government created this policy in order to minimize the
extreme famine that infested the country, but they soon realized that it...

...the One-ChildPolicy in China
In 1979, the Population and Family Planning Commissions of China established a policy, which is the unique policy of China in the world, called the One-Childpolicy. According to the BBC News in the report of “China Steps Up ‘OneChild‘ Policy,” The 'onechild'policy stipulates each couple living in the cities should only have onechild, unless one or both of the couple are from an ethnic minority or they are both only children, and it will be a permanent policy. Granted, this policy helped the Chinese government control the newborn population and stop fast growth of population; however, some serious social problems associated with the establishment of the One-Childpolicy occurred, and anxieties or worries from the community arose. Furthermore, much negative news about brutal performing process of the One-Childpolicy was disseminated and sparked outrage. All of these problems call for the changes on the One-Childpolicy immediately, and the voice of abandon the policy occurs.
Many countries or individuals against...

...Introduced by the Chinese leadership in 1979 and considered to be one of the most invasive governmental social experiments of our era, the one-childpolicy in China, on the surface level, appears to have succeeded in its goal of stymieing the growth of the population to a manageable rate. The policy, however, regardless of whether or not it should be credited with the modern-day decreasing fertility rates in China, also brought about unintended social consequences. Despite the fact that this policy was enforced at least in part as a way for the central government to reassert its power in the wake of the cult of Mao and the chaos of the Cultural Revolution, it has proven to be another lens through which we see the central government struggling to retain its slipping control over the population, due to the unforeseen social impacts the policy has caused, the number of loopholes in the policy, and the continual changes made to the policy to accommodate popular opinion.
1979 was the beginning of a new age for China. Positioned at the end of the Maoist era, the new leadership recognized that it could not carry Mao’s strategy of inciting revolutions into this new age to serve as the basis of its legitimacy. Headed by Deng Xiaoping, China turned its attention toward economic development instead, making it “the new mandate and the fundamental basis of its...

...﻿University of Applied Sciences
Business Administration
One-childpolicy in China
Term paper
Submitted within the study programme Bachelor of Science in
Business Administration
For the module ACWE – Academic Writing in English
Expert Valerie Faminoff Mangold
Submission date 19.12.2012
Contents
1. Introduction
In 1960 Chinese were allowed to have as many children as possible. It was even a good omen for the country1. In 1979 the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping established the one-childpolicy because of the overpopulation. His aim was to limit China’s population growth. The current state of the Chines population is about more than 1.3 billion people, and thus the largest population in the word. By 2015, the population of the country should be less than 1.3 billion.
The one-childpolicy has the following features:
The policy applies to about 35 per cent of citizens and restricts couples to have more than onechild
The policy only applies to registered urban families
Multiple births (twins, triplets etc.) are barred from the policy
Parents whose first child is physically or mentally handicapped can have a second one without paying a tax
Parents whose first child dies...

...China's onechildpolicy
In eastern Asia, boarding the East Asian China Sea a huge country named the Chinese Republic has now over than one billion people. China had a leading civilization for centuries guiding the whole world in different fields. However, in the 19th and the 20th century China suffered form serious problems, which resulted from huge numbers of population. When China was under the leadership of Mao who believed that a strong nation must have large population, the population of China increased rapidly until it reached its double. From one hand, Peng Peiyun, the writer of "One family, onechild", stressed two crucial factors, which are over population and being a developing country as drawbacks preventing China form achieving any progress to be an advanced country. According to Peiyun, the only available solution to the problems facing China is to control the population growth. She describes the government's efforts in controlling the population growth by releasing a nationwide family planning program with the advocacy of the "One couple, onechild." Peiyun says that, "In keeping with these goals, the state has adopted a series of wide-ranging policies that are implemented by the various strata of government." The government also implanted various policies like education and...

...Officials say that China’s family planning policy has prevented approximately 400 million births since being initiated in 1979.[1] Being that the main goal of China’s one-childpolicy was to reduce the number of children being born each year, it would seem that indeed the policy has been effective. However, some would challenge that the policy, in both principle and practice, has violated basic human rights.[2] To obtain a clear understanding of this debate, a few different angles need to be examined. Firstly, the history of the family planning law will be discussed thoroughly to address the government’s decision to implement such a law. It is important to have an appreciation for the very serious issues regarding the expanding population of China. Secondly, the one-childpolicy itself will be explained to provide information on the rules, regulations, implementations, and exemptions of the policy. Thirdly, and perhaps most advantageous to determining the success of the policy, the pros-and-cons of the family planning law will be examined. Lastly, the future of the policy in China will be investigated. Has the one-childpolicy been so successful that the government will keep it in place, unchanged? Or will the government relax the rules of the policy...

...Period 2
11 March 2013
China’s OneChildPolicy
Like Arthur Waley states "When a son is born, Let him sleep on the bed, Clothe him with fine clothes, And give him jade to play…When a daughter is born, Let her sleep on the ground, Wrap her in common wrappings, And give broken tiles to play…". Traditional Chinese Society value and worship boys rather than girls because they say boys are more beneficial since they are harder workers and they carry on the last name of the family. Even though China may be heavily populated, its onechildpolicy is brutal and needs to stop because newborn females are being abandoned, murdered, and abortions are conducted at an alarming rate.
In 1967, the onechildpolicy was introduced to limit the population since it was one of the worlds most populated country. “The onechild family policy was developed and implemented in response to concerns about the social and economic consequences of continued rapid population growth” (Kane). This policy limited every family to have onechild in order to try and decrease the size of the population in China. In some areas, the law didn’t apply if the first born child was a girl, military officers of a certain rank, members of China’s many ethnic minorities or farmers...

...﻿China’s OneChildPolicy
1: The main reason that the onechildpolicy was introduced was that the population of China was growing far too quickly. Data suggests that the onechildpolicy has reduced China’s population by around 400 million, a huge amount. The onechildpolicy was to save resources, land and natural resources. In 1976 the population of China was around 940 million, which had grown from 540 million in 1949- a 400 million gain in less than 30 years. This couldn’t go on and as the tradition in China is to have many children, as the children look after their parents in old age and other reasons, the onechildpolicy had to be introduced as the people would not have few enough babies on their own. The gain in population caused the world to worry about an overpopulation catastrophe so a way to reduce births was needed-the onechildpolicy.
2: The onechildpolicy operates in a number of ways. Firstly the government tries to convince people that having only onechild is the best thing for them. The way they do this is by employing the ‘granny police’ who look after the street and try to convince the residents about the one...