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The Ultimate Guide to Toilets and Travel. Updated January 14, 2017.

Whether appealing (a 5* resort) or appalling (squat toilets anywhere), toilets around the world serve the same purpose, and there's no avoiding them.
River Blindness. Unit Conversion: Water Use. Screen 1:

How Much Water Do You Need To Survive?
Humans can live for weeks and sometimes months without food.

Going without water, however, is a different story… Two-thirds of the human body (by weight) consists of water.
Raped, murdered girls reveal horrific risks for India's poor. Katra Shahadatganj (India) (AFP) - The nightly trek into the fields behind their homes under the cover of darkness leave the women of Katra Shahadatganj in northern India feeling scared and vulnerable at the best of times.

Indian teen girls gang-raped and hanged from a tree: police. By Nita Bhalla NEW DELHI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Indian police have arrested one man and are looking for four other suspects after two teenage girls were gang-raped and then hanged from a tree in a village in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, police said on Thursday.

Indian teen girls gang-raped and hanged from a tree: police. 5 Ways Toilets Change the World. The loo, the W.C., the lavatory, the privy, the porcelain god -- while it goes by many names, the toilet -- one of life's most mundane objects -- plays a fundamental role in society.

Yet more than a third of the world's population lacks access to even a basic pit latrine, and the problem may get worse. A recent statistical analysis predicts the world population will hit 11 billion by 2100.
Is There Poop on the Moon- ft. Smarter Every Day. Celebrate Toilet Day. No invention has saved more lives than a toilet.

More than 80% of sewage in developing countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and coastal areas. All because there is no infrastructure - a toilet, or city utilities - to flush away yesterday's meal. But that's not all. Toilets bring dignity, privacy, safety and health. Created in 2001, World Toilet Day is observed annually on 19 November.
Water.org. Strike With Me. Www.azmnh.org/pdf/psiteacherpacket.pdf. Treating Fistulas at Edna Adan Hospital.

Human Waste Used by 200 Million Farmers, Study Says. August 21, 2008 Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres (20 million hectares) of cropland, according to a new report—and it may not be a bad thing.

While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are eclipsed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food, the study authors say. Nearly 200 million farmers in China , India , Vietnam , sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America harvest grains and vegetables from fields that use untreated human waste. Ten percent of the world's population relies on such foods, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Health Risks The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food.

Waste Into Water Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70 percent of global fresh water consumption.
Cow Dung, Urine as Medicine?
Blueprint: Engineers Invent A Healthier Toilet. "One-and-a-half million children die each year from diseases related to poor sanitation.

Cholera's seven pandemics - Health. People are treated at the St. Nicholas hospital in Saint Marc, Haiti, on Oct. 21, 2010, during a cholera outbreak. (Dieu Nalio Chery/Associated Press) In the past 200 hundred years, seven cholera pandemics have killed millions across the globe. The seventh is still going on, but advancements in medical science have greatly reduced the number of people who die from it.

In addition, modern-day sewage and water treatment systems have largely eliminated cholera from developed countries. But it continues to be a concern in the developing world, especially in areas ravaged by war and natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes that leave people without access to clean drinking water. These are the major cholera outbreaks:
Biotech.law.lsu.edu/la/PH/EPI/VII_C.pdf. Economic Aspects of Sanitation in Developing Countries.

In India, the lowest class still shovels other people's feces. The Indian Supreme Court expressed concern at the delay in passing a bill to ban manual scavenging.

The Indian Supreme Court expressed concern on Tuesday at the delay in passing a bill that would ban manual scavenging. The bench told Attorney General G.E.
World Toilet Day Raises Sanitation Awareness. India Bihar rapes 'caused by lack of toilets'
9 May 2013Last updated at 05:00 ET By Amarnath Tewary Patna, Bihar More than half-a-billion Indians lack access to basic sanitation Most of the cases of rape of women and girls in India's Bihar state occur when they go out to defecate in the open, police and social activists say.

Some 85% of the rural households in the state, one of India's poorest, have no access to a toilet, a study says. The police reported more than 870 cases of rape in Bihar last year. More than half-a-billion Indians lack access to basic sanitation. The issue of sexual violence against women and girls in India has been under intense scrutiny since the gang rape and murder of a student on a Delhi bus in December led to widespread protests.