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Abstract:

The invention relates to a measuring device for the measurement of at
least one physiological parameter of a farm animal's organism, whereby
the measuring device is placeable in the gastro-intestinal tract of
livestock and comprises the following components arranged in a casing: at
least one sensor for the measurement of at least one physiological
parameter of a farm animal, at least one transmitter with antenna for the
wireless transmission of information, at least one control unit for
controlling the measuring device, and at least one power supply device
for the measuring device, whereby a hollow protective guard is provided
inside the casing which covers at least the power supply unit in order to
protect it from mechanical impact.

Claims:

1. Measuring device for the measurement of at least one physiological
parameter of a farm animal's organism, wherein the measuring device is
placeable in the gastrointestinal tract of the farm animal and comprises
the following components arranged within a casing: at least one sensor
for the measurement of at least one physiological parameter of the farm
animal's organism; at least one transmitter with antenna for the wireless
transmission of information, at least one control unit for the control of
the measuring device, and at least one power supply device for the
measuring device, characterized in that the casing comprises a hollow
protective guard covering at least the power supply device in order to
ensure protection from mechanical impact.

2. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
protective guard has a cylinder form with circular or polygonal
cross-section.

3. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
protective guard is made of metal.

4. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
protective guard covers the transmitter and the control unit in addition
to the power supply device.

5. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
length of the antenna of the transmitter is dimensioned to λ/4 of
the frequency used.

6. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
transmitter uses frequencies ranging from 20 MHz to 1 GHz for the
wireless transmission of information.

7. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
transmitter uses frequencies ranging from 300 MHz to 450 MHz for the
wireless transmission of information.

8. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
antenna is designed in meander form with at least one loop.

9. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the
measuring device additionally has at least one switch connected to the
control unit, which is actuated from outside the device.

10. Measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that the
switch is a magnetic switch like a reed-switch, the magnetic switch being
located inside the measuring device.

11. Measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that the
switch is executed in form of at least two contacts that are connected to
the control unit and stand out from the measuring device through openings
in the casing, whereby the control unit activates the measuring device
when the contacts are short-circuited.

12. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least
one storage unit is provided for the purpose of data storage.

13. System for the measuring of physiological parameters of a farm
animal's organism, comprising at least one measuring device according to
claim 1, as well as at least one base station, whereby the base station
and the measuring device communicate with each other via a wireless
procedure.

Description:

[0001] The invention concerns a device for measuring at least one
physiological parameter of a farm animal's organism, whereby such device
can be placed in the gastro-intestinal tract of the farm animal and
contains at least one sensor for measuring at least one physiological
parameter of the farm animal's organism, at least one transmitter with
antenna for the wireless transmission of information, at least one
control unit for controlling the device, and at least one power supply
device for supplying the device with power.

[0002] The invention further relates to a system, comprising at least one
of the aforementioned devices and a base station, the base station and
the device communicating with each other via a wireless procedure. A base
station may for example be a data processing unit which communicates with
one or several devices by means of antennas and processes and stores the
transmitted information.

[0003] Livestock farming, in particular of dairy cattle, is currently
subject to structural changes, especially in Europe with a tendency to
large-scale farming. In this context, herd management turns out to be
increasingly difficult, e.g. when it comes to controlling the health of
individual animals or to allocating feeds. With increasingly large herds,
symptoms of illness in individual animals are frequently not detected in
time, and customized feeding is hardly possible. In order to ensure both
appropriate feed and care for the animals and to make farming
economically viable, it is enormously important for farmers to keep
themselves precisely informed about their animals' state of health.

[0004] Let us take the example of cattle farming: especially in high-yield
dairy cattle herds, e.g. Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) is a widespread
problem, and mostly cumulative in a herd. The negative effects of SARA on
the livestock's health are multifarious and represent a central factor
that reduces production figures in cattle farming. For various reasons,
SARA is a pathological and disease-causing state that is not always
diagnosed accurately. The lack of simple and specific diagnostic methods,
and/or the proneness of applicable diagnostic methods to mistakes have
led to a situation where the diagnosis so far is usually made indirectly
and retrospectively (e.g. via the fat content of the milk, fat protein
ratio) and/or based on secondary clinical symptoms (e.g. thin, mushy
excrement containing an increased percentage of undigested elements).

[0005] In order to solve these problems, devices were developed that can
be placed directly in the gastro-intestinal tract of livestock in order
to measure physiological data. For example DE 199 01 124 A1 describes
such a device, consisting of a probe in bolus form, which is inserted
into the gastro-intestinal tract of cattle, and of a controllable
monitoring device, which communicates with the probe via a wireless
procedure. A bolus form is commonly understood to be a pill form, thus
essentially an object with an oval cross-section along its longitudinal
axis. The probe contains sensors for the measurement of one or several
different physiological parameters, such as pressure, temperature,
conductivity, pH value, or ammonia content in the gastro-intestinal
tract.

[0006] Similar solutions are described in U.S. 2004/0133131 A1, WO
01/13712 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 5,984,875, WO 2006/046057, and GB 2455700.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,694,161 B1 additionally shows an illustrative embodiment,
in which the pH sensor and a transmitter located outside the animal are
connected via a cannula needle.

[0007] The said devices are mostly fragile devices that are only
insufficiently protected from heavy mechanical influence. Damage during
their utilization caused by sharp-edged individual parts or harmful
substances may thus jeopardize the health of the farm animal in question.

[0008] It is thus an aim of the invention to come up with a device that
overcomes the said disadvantages of prior art.

[0009] According to the invention this problem is solved by a device of
the initially-mentioned kind, wherein a hollow protective guard, covering
at least the power supply device to protect it from mechanical impact, is
arranged inside the casing.

[0010] Thanks to the invention it is possible to ensure real time
livestock monitoring. Due to the wireless transmission of the information
registered by the device cost-effective integration into similar or
existing feeding systems which are also based on wireless procedures is
possible. In such a case transmission is ensured by the transmitter,
however, a transceiver device may also be provided for, which has the
advantage of both transmitting and receiving data.

[0011] On the one hand, the protective guard protects the sensitive parts
of the device from mechanical impact, for example from bites in case the
device lands in the mouth or between the teeth of livestock. At least the
power supply device, which frequently contains harmful substances, should
be covered by the protective guard, in order to protect the animal from
injury, e.g. from poisoning, in case of excessive mechanical strain to
the device.

[0012] On the other hand, the protective guard allows for increase and/or
customization of the weight--i.e. the specific weight--of the device, in
order to ensure optimal positioning of the device in the
gastro-intestinal tract of the farm animal. This enables proper data
acquisition by the at least one sensor.

[0013] In addition, if the protective guard is manufactured from a
conductive material, it is possible to improve the electromagnetic
conditions for the device (or the antenna of the transmitter,
respectively), in order to positively influence the radiation pattern of
the antenna.

[0014] Advantageously, the protective guard does not entirely cover the
elements to be protected, but is executed in such a way that they may be
inserted into the protective guard and removed if necessary. The
protective guard thus ideally has cylinder form, with a circular or
polygonal cross-section. Ideally, the bottom and cover surfaces are left
open. In the following description, the term polygonal cross-section is
intended to mean a polygonal cross-section which may be triangular,
quadrangle, hexagonal, octagonal or designed to have more angles. Due to
the regular design, an improved reception and distribution of mechanical
impacts is achieved and damage to the elements covered by the protective
guard is avoided.

[0015] In one variant of the invention, the protective guard is made of
metal. Possible materials are for example steel or brass, which are easy
to process and available at low price, thus permitting a time- and
cost-saving production of the device according to the invention. A
condition for its utilization is the aforementioned requirement of
resistance against mechanical impact. For the above-mentioned reasons,
the choice of the material also depends upon the specific weight of the
material used and upon its effect on the total weight of the device.

[0016] In another variant of the invention, the protective guard covers
not only the power supply device, but also the transmitter and the
control unit, and thus protects further sensitive parts of the device
from damage. At the same time, the enlarged surface of the protective
guard may lead to an increased weight of the device. As mentioned above,
the protective guard is preferably designed in such a way as to enable
easy insertion and, if necessary, removal of the parts to be protected.
If the protective guard is executed in cylinder form, this may be
achieved by leaving open the bottom and cover surfaces.

[0017] Basically different antenna types may be used--for example the
antenna may be executed as dipole or directional antenna. Also the
dimensioning is more or less left to discretion and may be λ/2, for
instance. However, it is important to consider the limited space in the
casing of the device. The length of the transmitter antenna should
preferably be dimensioned to λ/4 of the used frequency.

[0018] The transmitter transmits information via frequencies in the range
of 20 MHz to 1 GHz. In a variant of the invention the transmitter
transmits information via frequencies ranging from 300 MHz to 450 MHz. In
Europe a frequency of 433 MHz is used, for instance. For applications in
the USA a frequency of 315 MHz may be used. Furthermore the use of
ISM-radio bands (Industrial-, Scientific- and Medical band) in the range
of 868 MHz or 915 MHz is possible.

[0019] Good results are achieved with antennas in meander form with at
least one loop. Meander form is intended to mean a form consisting of one
or more interconnected loops in serial arrangement. The term meander
derives from the bends in a sinuous watercourse. The loops of the
meandered antenna may in this case be angular or circular. The antenna is
dimensioned according to the frequency used. The meander form enables the
use of long antennas in a small space. The meandered antenna has the
omnidirectional radiation pattern that is required for the proper
functioning of the device and is easy to tune, a property which is for
example necessary for protective guards made of metal which, together
with the power supply unit, influence the radiation pattern.

[0020] In one variant of the invention, the device is equipped with at
least one switch which is connected to the control unit and may be
actuated from outside the device. The switch serves for example for
activating and/or deactivating the device. Basically the switch may be of
any kind, as long as it withstands the conditions under which the device
is used. In the present case, this would be the acid environment of the
gastro-intestinal tract of a farm animal, such as a cow.

[0021] The switch may be configured as a magnetic switch (eg. a
Reed-switch) which is located inside the measuring device 3. Here, the
term magnetic switch denotes a switch that can be switched by a magnetic
field. In the present case the measuring device 3 may be activated (or
deactivated) by applying a magnetic field at a certain position of the
measuring device. A Reed-switch basically consists of two contacts which
are arranged in vacuum or inert gas; when a magnetic field (permanent
magnet or electromagnet) is applied the contacts are brought into contact
and, hence, close a circuit.

[0022] In another variant of the invention, the switch is executed in form
of at least two contacts connected to the control unit, which protrude
from the device through openings in the casing, whereby the control unit
activates the device by short-circuiting the contacts. This means that
the control unit activates the measuring device when the contacts are
short-circuited. This may be achieved by providing a start-up circuit
with two MOSFETS. The first MOSFET is connected to the contacts, and by
short-circuiting the contacts the second MOSFET is actuated so that the
battery load is switched over to the control unit and from there to the
areas necessary for the functioning of the measuring device. The
short-circuiting of contacts can be achieved, for example, by providing a
support for inserting the device, whereby its insertion would cause the
short-circuiting of the contacts.

[0023] In addition, the device comprises at least one storage unit for
data storage. This storage unit advantageously is a conventional storage
chip (EEPROM--electrically erasable programmable read-only memory);
however other storage devices such as SD cards, flash memories or the
like are also possible. When the device is provided with a RFID
transponder, a storage unit of the RFID transponder may be used for data
storage.

[0024] The goal of the invention is furthermore achieved by using a system
as initially mentioned, which comprises at least one of the above-cited
devices and at least one base station.

[0025] In the following, the present invention is described in more detail
with reference to the drawings, which show:

[0026] FIG. 1 a cow with a device according to the invention placed in its
gastro-intestinal tract,

[0027] FIG. 2 a plan view of a sectional view of the device according to
the invention,

[0028] FIG. 3 a side view of a sectional view along the line A-A in FIG.
2,

[0029] FIG. 4 a front view of a sectional view along the line B-B in FIG.
3,

[0030]FIG. 5 an exploded view showing the individual parts of the device
according to the invention, and

[0031] FIG. 6 a schematic drawing of the components of the device.

[0032] It should be appreciated that the invention is not restricted to
the following embodiments which merely represent one of the possible
implementations of the invention. Furthermore, it is noted that the
representations in the figures are only schematic for the sake of
simplicity.

[0033] FIG. 1 shows the sectional view of a cow 1, whereby the cow 1 in
this case only serves as an example of a farm animal in whose
gastro-intestinal tract the device can be inserted. Examples for other
suitable livestock are e.g. sheep, goats, and wild ruminants, such as red
deer.

[0034] The feed ingested and masticated by the cow 1 ends up in the
stomach of the cow 1, e.g. in the rumen or reticulum 2. The reticulum 2
is part of the cow's 1 stomach, located before the rumen. From the
reticulum 2, the ingested feeds either move forward into the rumen, or
backward into the mouth of the cow 1 for rumination.

[0035] The feeds in the stomach of the cow 1 roughly can be divided into
three phases: at the top is the gaseous phase containing CO2 and
methane (CH4). In between is a solid phase, the so-called "fiber
mat", containing pre-digested hay, silage grass etc. In the lower portion
is the rumen fluid, consisting of liquids, such as acids, microbes,
saliva, water, and masticated material. Measuring the physiological
parameters of the stomach contents allows one to draw conclusions about
possible effects and/or conclusions as to the animal's state of
health--whenever the pH is low, e.g. rumen acidosis may occur. The
measuring device 3 according to the invention is thus placed within the
gastro-intestinal tract of the animal--i.e. in the present example in the
area of the reticulum 2 of the cow 1 in order to capture physiological
data of the stomach.

[0036] FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show the measuring device 3 according to the
invention in different sectional views. The measuring device 3 is
inserted into the gastro-intestinal tract of a ruminating farm animal by
appropriate means and remains there. To introduce the measuring device 3,
e.g. a balling gun common in livestock farming is used.

[0037] FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a section along the longitudinal axis
of the inventive measuring device 3, hereinafter also referred to as
bolus, whereby the same reference sign is used as for the measuring
device 3.

[0038] The casing 4 of the bolus 3 has a cylinder form with rounded edges
of large radiuses, whereby external burrs should be avoided in order to
minimize the risk of injury for the animal. The materials for the casing
4 are preferably acid-proof, impact-strong plastics, which ideally comply
with the rules of the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The
casing 4 should not break irregularly below a certain load threshold.
When choosing the plastic to be used the acid environment of the animal's
gastro-intestinal tract should be taken into account.

[0039] The casing 4 is lockable and can, for this purpose, be composed of
several parts, for example of two or three interlockable parts (see FIG.
5). The casing 4 contains the devices necessary for the measuring of
physiological parameters. These devices are arranged on a printed circuit
board 5 (PCB). The exact arrangement is not illustrated in FIG. 2, since
a number of arrangements are possible which are well known to the person
skilled in the art. Reference is made to only one area 6 of the printed
circuit board 5 in which the individual components are located.

[0040] FIG. 6 shows a schematic drawing with the components of the
inventive device 3 and their connections. The components are located in a
casing 4. The casing comprises a control unit 7 for controlling the
measuring device 3. This may for example be achieved using an adequately
programmed micro-processor. The control unit 7 controls and processes
data from the sensors 8, 8'. A storage unit 16, for example a storage
chip or an SD card, may be provided for data storage. At least one sensor
8, 8' is to be provided, however, more than two sensors may also be used.
The sensors 8, 8' measure parameters of their surroundings such as pH and
temperature. However, also sensors for measuring glucose, volatile fatty
acids (especially mixed fatty acids), acetate, propionate, butyrate, and
lactate may be suitably provided for. The sensors 8, 8' are mounted in
such a way as to be able to get in contact with the environment of the
measuring device 3, for example through openings (not illustrated in the
figures).

[0041] The data are processed by the control unit 7. Via a transmitter
device 9, equipped with an antenna 10, the data are transmitted
wirelessly, for example to a base station located outside the animal.
Preferably, the transmitter 9 is designed as transceiver device 9 which
is able to both transmit and receive data. Hence, the term transceiver 9
will be used in the following.

[0042] Via the antenna 10 and the transceiver 9 it is possible to
influence the control unit 7 from the outside, for example in order to
modify the internal programming. The antenna 10 may be executed in
various ways, for example as helical antenna or corkscrew antenna, or as
ceramic and/or patch antenna.

[0043] The transceiver 9 operates in the frequency range 20 MHz to 1 GHz.
Frequency bands that are frequently used in similar applications range
from 300 MHz to 450 MHz. The frequency 433 MHz is used in Europe, for
instance. For an application in the USA the frequency 315 MHz may be
used. However, other useable ISM-radio bands (Industrial, Scientific and
Medical band) lie in the range of 868 MHz or 915 MHz. Also the frequency
27 MHz may be used.

[0044] The transceiver 9 may be realized as RFID transponder is also
possible. In this case, depending on its design variant the RFID
transponder, may be contain an antenna, a switching circuit for the
transmitting (and receiving) of data, a circuit for controlling the
transponder as well as a memory, for example in form of a tag. The
switching circuit for transponder control writes data into the memory
(e.g. the tag). In a special design, this switching circuit may be
located outside the RFID transponder, in the present case for example as
part of the control unit 7 on the printed board 5. The RFID transponder
is then read out via a stimulation by means of a high-frequency
alternating field. In such a case the RFID transponder is to be
adequately arranged on the printed circuit board 5.

[0045] When using an RFID transponder, data are transmitted within a
frequency range of 128 kHz (long-wave range) up to 13,56 MHz (short-wave
range), or within a range of 865-869 MHz (European range) up to 950 MHz
(US American and Asian frequency ranges). Frequency may vary from one
region to the other.

[0046] As far as construction size and other specifications are concerned
it is possible to choose from a number of well-known solutions.

[0047] The power supply device may be a battery 11 or an accumulator.

[0048] The antenna 10 in FIG. 2 is executed as meandered antenna. It
consists of several loops of an appropriate carrier material, which are
arranged on the level of the printed circuit board 5. Antenna 10 in the
mentioned design enables an optimal compromise between the radiation
pattern in the vertical and horizontal planes of polarization, the
necessary adaptation and cost-effective production. The meandered antenna
can be optimized for a direct connection of the antenna base to the
printed circuit board 5 so that no additional adaptation is necessary,
which further reduces production costs.

[0049] FIG. 3 shows a lateral cross-section of the measuring device 3
along the line A-A in FIG. 2. It shows that the battery 11 is arranged
below the printed circuit board 5 within the casing 4. The illustration
of battery 11 and its arrangement is, however, only given as example; it
may also be arranged in any other form according to the commonly
available battery or accumulator forms.

[0050] The power supply units used, for example lithium batteries,
generally contain substances that are potentially harmful for livestock.
Therefore the inventive device 3 is designed to contain a hollow
protective guard 12 covering at least the battery 11 in order to protect
it from mechanical impact. Such impact may for example occur when the cow
1 regurgitates the measuring device 3 back up into its mouth together
with the feed to be ruminated and then bites into the measuring device 3.

[0051] Preferably, the guard 12 is executed in cylindrical form. In the
pictured embodiment the cylinder has a circular cross-section (see FIG.
4), however the cross-section may also have a polygonal form. Ideally,
both the top and bottom planes are open so that the appliances to be
protected are easily inserted into the device. The protective guard 12
may be made from any material that resists high mechanical impact, for
example from plastics such as Kevlar®, or metals, such as brass or
similar metals.

[0052] In the illustrated embodiment, the protective guard 12 surrounds
not only the power supply unit 11 but also most of the printed circuit
board 5 with the aforementioned components (for example also the
aforementioned RFID transponder). Preferably, the antenna 10 is arranged
outside the protective guard 12--in order to minimize the impairing of
the radiation pattern, which is considerable, especially where a metallic
material is used for the protective guard 12. FIG. 4 shows a variant of
the invention in a dotted outline, in which a protective guard 12'
surrounds only the battery 11. In such a case, the protective guard 12 of
a higher diameter may be omitted--it is however possible to provide for a
combination of a protective guard 12' for the battery and another bigger
protective guard 12 surrounding it.

[0053] The protective guard 12 serves both as protection from mechanical
influence ("bite protection") and as additional weight, providing the
device 3 with sufficient density to ensure that it remains in a location
within the gastro-intestinal tract which is favorable for data reception
by the sensors 8, 8'. If the protective guard 12 is made of metal, it may
improve the radiation pattern of antenna 10 by altering the
electromagnetic near field of the antenna 10.

[0054] In addition to its "bite protection" function, the protective guard
12 contributes to the weight of device 3. The weight, i.e. the specific
gravity (density) of the measuring device 3 is highly important for the
proper positioning of device 3 within the gastro-intestinal tract of the
farm animal in question. Thus the weight of the entire measuring device 3
may be influenced by the material selected for and the thickness of the
protective guard 12. For example it is also possible to vary the
thickness of the protective guard 12 lengthwise.

[0055] In order to further increase the weight of the measuring device 3,
it is possible to fill the inside of the casing 4 with a thermosetting
material, such as synthetic resin. When filling in the material, the
antenna 10 is ideally left out in order to ensure proper data
transmission.

[0056] In the depicted embodiment of the invention the device 3 is
equipped with a switch. The switch may basically be executed in any
form--here the switch consists of two metal contacts 13, for example in
stainless steel, which are connected to the control unit 7. These
contacts protrude from device 3 through openings 14 in the casing 4 (see
FIGS. 2 and 5). The measuring device 3 is activated by short-circuiting
the contacts 13 for a certain period of time, ranging from a few
milliseconds to several seconds.

[0057] The circuiting of the contacts 13 within the control unit 7 which
is necessary for this is state of prior art. For example, the contacts 13
may be connected to a start-up circuit in the control unit 7 which
comprises two MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect
transistors), whereby one of the MOSFETs is connected to the contacts 13.
By short-circuiting the contacts 13, the second MOSFET switches the
battery voltage onto the circuitry within the control unit 7, which
thereby activates the measuring device 3.

[0058] In order to facilitate the short-circuiting process for the user, a
rack may be provided into which the measuring device 3 can be placed,
thus activating the measuring device 3 by short-circuiting the contacts.

[0059] The switch of the above-described design only ensures activation of
the measuring device 3, which continues to function until the end of the
battery run time, and/or until a pre-definable switch-off time point.
Basically any other kind of switches may be provided for, in order to
activate and deactivate the measuring device 3. A wide range of switches
for this purpose are prior art.

[0060] In a variant of the invention a magnetic switch 13' is used which
is arranged inside the measuring device 3 (see dashed object in FIG. 6).
A magnetic switch 13' here denotes a switch that can be switched by a
magnetic field. An example of such a magnetic switch 13' is a
Reed-switch. Basically, a magnetic switch 13' has two contacts which are
arranged in a protective atmosphere and do not touch each other. However,
if a magnetic field is applied the two contact tongues attract and touch
each other, consequently closing a circuit.

[0061] The magnetic switch 13' may be combined with a second MOSFET as
described above so that a switching of the magnetic switch 13' puts the
battery voltage through to the rest of the circuit in the control unit 7,
thereby activating the measuring device 3.

[0062] The switching of the magnetic switch 13' may be effected by
applying a magnetic filed to a specific position of the measuring device
3, by attaching a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, for instance.

[0063]FIG. 5 shows the individual components of the inventive measuring
device 3 in an exploded view. In this case the casing consists of three
parts, a casing front part 41 (which may for example be designed to
contain openings for the sensors 8, 8'), a casing central part 42 housing
the printed circuit board 5, and a casing rear part 43, the parts being
interconnectable. The three-part structure of the casing with parts 41,
42, 43 in this case only serves as example--the design may provide for
more or less casing parts. In order to facilitate the insertion of the
measuring device 3 into the animal, the rear part of the casing 43 may
have a flat end, which cooperates with the movable end of the balling gun
that is used for inserting the device so that the measuring device 3 is
properly moved into the rumen and does not get stuck.

[0064] In addition to the above-described components (which are not shown
in the figures), the printed circuit board 5 includes the meandered
antenna 10 and the contacts 13. The printed circuit board 5 is held in
place by means of a rack 15 and supplied with power by means of a battery
11. The protective guard 12 may be placed around these components.

[0065] The rear part of the casing 43 comprises openings for the contacts
13.

[0066] Upon activation and insertion into the gastro-intestinal tract of
the animal, the measuring device 3 performs measurements in certain time
intervals. These intervals may range from 1 sec to several hours or even
days. The measured data are stored on a storage unit 16, for example an
EEPROM storage chip, an SD memory, or a flash memory. If the device 3
contains an RFID transponder, the data may be stored in the memory of the
transponder. It is also possible to directly transmit the data wirelessly
to the exterior.

[0067] If the measuring device 3 is used as part of a system together with
at least one base station, such base station regularly searches for
measuring devices within its reach with an inventory command. The
distance between the measuring device and the base station in this case
is for example 5 to 6 m or less. As soon as a measuring device 3 is
within reach, it identifies itself by means of an identifier (serial
number, bolus number or similar). Thereafter the base station checks
whether the measuring device 3 contains any newly measured data. In this
the case, the measured data are read out, stored in the base station
(e.g. in a database), and then deleted from the measuring device 3. The
base station then processes the measured data by means of appropriate
routines so as to enable quick assessment of the data. Such an assessment
may for example lead to a change in the feed ration administered.