Friday, January 29, 2016

Even though the “face of Zika virus” presented by the press
has so far been microcephaly afflicted infants from Brazil, but did you know
that the Zika virus was originally from a Ugandan forest?

By: Ringo Bones

At the moment, the “face of Zika virus” or the overall
picture of it presented by the world’s main news providers has been so far
microcephaly afflicted infants from Brazil – mainly from Rio de Janeiro – which
has so far raised fears that this year’s Summer Olympic Games which will be
held this coming August could potentially trigger a pandemic that could help
spread the Zika virus across the world or at least something akin to the
previous Ebola virus epidemic across West Africa during the latter half of
2014. The Zika virus in current affected regions are mainly transmitted by
daytime-active mosquitoes and has been isolated from a number of species in the
genus Aedes, such as Aedes aegypti and various arboreal mosquitoes such as Aedes
africanus. Despite of the current anxiety over the Zika virus, does the general
population know that the virus originally came from a remote jungle in Uganda
and that it was first discovered almost 70 years ago?

In 1947, scientists researching yellow fever placed a rhesus
macaque in a cage in the Zika Forest (zika meaning “overgrown” in the Luganda
language), near the East African Virus Research Institute in Entebbe, Uganda.
The monkey then developed a fever and researchers isolated from its serum a
transmissible agent that was first described as Zika virus in 1952. It was
subsequently isolated from a human in Nigeria in 1954. Thanks to the increased travel due to the 1960s "Jet Age", the Zika virus is now widely distributed in tropical equatorial regions across the world. From its discovery until
2007, confirmed cases of Zika virus infection from Africa and Southeast Asia
were extremely rare, thus explains why no work was ever done in developing a
Zika virus vaccine since the virus’ discovery back in 1947. And health
authorities have announced that an effective vaccine against the Zika virus won’t
be available for at least 10 or even 12 years.

According to the Centers for Disease Control, Brazilian
health authorities reported more than 3,500 microcephaly cases between October
2015 and January 2016. Some of the affected infants have has a severe type of
microcephaly and some have died. The full spectrum of outcomes that might be
associated with infection during pregnancy and the factors that might increase
risk to fetuses are not yet fully understood. More studies are planned to learn
more about the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. In the worst
affected region of Brazil approximately 1 percent of newborns are suspected of
microcephaly. The current Zika virus epidemic in Brazil had caused debilitating
health problems in newborns hitherto unseen since the teratogenic effects of
thalidomide surfaced back in the 1960s.