Mysid crustaceans, representing 27 species belonging to 21 genera, are reported from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of India; one of these species, Pseuderythrops abrahami sp. nov., is described as new. The new species is easily distinguished from all the known species of the genus Pseuderythrops by the irregularly lobed cornea of the eye, narrow upturned rim of the anterior region of carapace and the absence of distal suture on the antennal scale. Three species, Boreomysis plebeja, Anchialina media and Synerythrops intermedia, are new records for Indian waters. Rhopalophthalmus indicus and Euchaetomera glyphidophthalmica are recorded for the first time from the Bay of Bengal. The morphological differences shown by the present specimens from the published descriptions are discussed and a note on the distribution of each species is given.