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The first argument indicates the type of an event, the second argument is a listener, and the third argument defines an event phase (so-called “bubbling” or “capturing”). The reason why the last argument exists is because most DOM events traverse the DOM tree from document node to target node (capture phase) and back to the document node (bubble phase).

This process is called “event flow” and brings several powerful features. LIVE AND DELEGATED EVENTS Instead of attaching a handler for each element in a group, we can attach one listener onto an ancestor shared by all of the elements in that specific group. Then, we can determine where an event took place using the target property of the event object, passed into the listener. This is known as “event delegation”: