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A look at the GOP tax proposal in depth

Senate Republicans released their vision for a tax-cut plan Thursday that would cut the corporate tax rate to 20%, with a one-year delay to 2019, as Congress moves quickly to fulfill one of the GOP’s biggest and most long-awaited goals.

The House proposal released a week earlier also would reduce the corporate rate to 20% from the current maximum of 35%, though it would take effect in 2018. The Ways and Means Committee approved the measure Thursday after releasing revisions. The measure could be changed again in the Rules Committee before it reaches the House floor.

The Senate plan would have seven individual tax brackets and would eliminate state and local tax deductions. The Senate Finance Committee plans to begin considering the plan early next week, while the House plans to vote on its bill next week.

A Senate summary didn’t include details on a number of business tax provisions. Here’s how the Senate proposal compares with the House version so far on some key areas, updated throughout the day:

INDIVIDUAL

Income Tax brackets

WHAT’S IN THE SENATE BILL: The Senate would include seven individual brackets of 10%, 12%, 22.5%, 25%, 32.5%, 35% and 38.5%. The last one would be a decrease from current law’s top individual rate of 39.6%. Thresholds for each bracket weren’t immediately available.

HOW THAT DIFFERS FROM THE HOUSE: The House would shrink the number of brackets to four with these thresholds for married taxpayers filing jointly: 12%: $24,000 to $90,000; 25%: $90,000 to $260,000; 35%: $260,000 to $1 million; 39.6%: $1 million and up. The thresholds would be adjusted for inflation based on chained CPI, a formula that would subject more income to higher tax rates than under the regular consumer price index.

State and Local Tax Deductions

SENATE BILL: Eliminates state and local tax income and property deductions for individuals, according to Senator John Hoeven of North Dakota.

HOUSE BILL: The deduction for state and local income taxes or sales taxes would be repealed, while the deduction for state and local property taxes would be capped at $10,000.

Home-Mortgage Interest Deduction

SENATE BILL: Preserve the existing mortgage-interest deduction for home purchases with up to $1 million of debt.

HOUSE BILL: The home-mortgage interest deduction would be reduced for new purchases to $500,000 of debt from the current $1 million. The bill would also limit the deduction to one principal home, ending the break for second homes.

Standard Deduction

SENATE BILL: Roughly doubles the standard deduction to $12,000 for individuals and $24,000 for couples.

SENATE BILL: Expand the credit to $1,650 from $1,000. Senator Tim Scott, a South Carolina Republican, said the credit would phase out at $500,000 income.

HOUSE BILL: Increase the credit to $1,600 per child younger than 17 -- up from $1,000 -- and includes an additional $300 credit for each parent as part of a consolidated family tax credit.

Estate Tax

SENATE BILL: Preserve the estate tax while doubling the current $5.49 million exemption for individuals.

HOUSE BILL: The estate tax would end after 2023. Before then, the current $5.49 million exemption for individuals would be doubled.

BUSINESS

Corporate Tax Cut

SENATE BILL: A corporate tax-rate cut to 20% would be delayed by one year to January 2019, according to GOP Senator Bill Cassidy of Louisiana.

HOUSE BILL: The corporate income tax rate would be a flat 20% starting in 2018.

Pass-Throughs

SENATE BILL: Income would be taxed at a 25% rate, but t the test for determining what owner income is taxed as a business will be different from the House version, said Republican Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa.

HOUSE BILL: Qualified pass-through business owners could choose to count 70% of their income as wages -- subject to their individual tax rate -- and 30% as business income, taxable at the 25% rate. Or, they could set the ratio of their wage income to business income based on their capital investment.

Provides a 9% rate for the first $75,000 in net business taxable income of an active owner or shareholder earning less than $150,000 in taxable income through a pass-through business, instead of the ordinary 12% rate.

Carried Interest

SENATE BILL: Will be handled through an amendment in the Finance Committee, Grassley said.

HOUSE BILL: The carried-interest tax break would be limited by tripling the length of time assets would have to be held to qualify for the capital gains rate of 23.8%. Under current law, an investment fund’s assets must be held for a year or more to qualify.