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Daily Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1870), 1885-04-27

Daily Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1870), 1885-04-27 page 1

WW'ijui nn,(ii BiymMhA COLUMBUS. MONDAY MORNING, APHIL 27, 1885. VOL. XXVI. O. 100. ESTABLISHED 1811. (I Pi COLOMBIA TO COLUMBIA. SOME VERY TART CORRESPONDENCE Between the Colombia Minister and Secretary Bayard Kebmttve to the Closing of C.rtmin Forte to Outside Cem-merer The Seward Doctrine. Washisgtox, April 26. The following correspondence has recently passed between Secretary Bayard and Senor Becer-ra, the Colombia minister at Washington, with reference' to a decree of the Colombian government closing certain of its porta to foreign commerce and virtually declaring the Teasels of insurgents, now engaged in hostile operations against Cartagena, to be beyond the pale of international law. Under date of April 9 Senor Becerra writes to Secretary Bayard as follows:"I yesterday had the satisfaction to re-. ceive a telegtam from the President of Colombia, dated at the capital city of the Union on that same day, whereby that magistrate informed me that the entire republic la now. pacified with the exception of the ports of Panama, in- the state 'of that same, and those of Sahinella, Santa Marta and Barranquilla, in the states of . Bolivar and Margdalena. Active military operations; however, were still in preparation against the rebels who hold these points in oar territory. With a view to making more efficient various measures of a highly important character that had been adopted, two of which I have the honor, in obedience to special instructions, to bring to the knowledge of this government. By a-first decree the Colombian government, in the exercises of its authority and expressly enforcing a pertinent provision of its commercial and . revenue laws, declares the ports of Sabanilla and Santa Marta, in the Carribean sea, and the fluvial port of Barranquilla, which is very near to Sabanilla, closed to foreign commerce. ' All - attempts to import or export goods through the aforesaid ports after this decree is known will therefore be considered as illicit. Any trade thus carried on will be considered contraband and the vessels, crews, etc., engaged therein will be liable besides forfeiting the goods) to the penalties in such cases provided by the Colombian laws. By a second decree the government of Colombia declares that the vessels which are now stationed at the entrance to the bay of Cartagena, in the port of that name in the Orribean sea, and which are there embarrassing aud even making war upon international commerce under the flags of .various friendly nations, and by means of the vessels of the ikies of regular communication which have long be.n established, do not belong to the United States of Colombia, and that they have . no right to raise, as they nevertheless do raise, the flags of ftiat nation. As a consequence both their - existence and their action which are wholly irregular, put them beyond the pale of international law, and their proceedings which are hostile to the peaceful operations of commerce at the entrance to a commercial port belonging to a nation which is at peace with the whole world, may in all cases be punished by vessels that are charged in these waters to watch over the interests of commerce in general and over special interests of the nation which they respectively belong. In informing you, Mr. Secretary of State, as I hereby Lave the honor to do, of the restoration of peace throughout almost the entire territory of Colombia, and of the measures adopted with a view to its restoration in the ports which are still held by the rebels, I entertain the hope that this information will be gratifying to you and that the decrees in question will have in your estimation the weight necessary to Cifuse them to be considered as important to American commerce." - Under date of April 25, Secretary Bay- ard replied to enor Beeerra, recapitulating the points of the latter's communication and setting 'forth the position of the . United States with reference thereto as follows: "This government, following the re-caived tenets of international law, does not admit that a decrea of a sovereign government closing certain national porta in the possession of foreign enemies, or of insargents, has any international effect, unless sustained by ablockade force sufficient to practically close such ports." Secretary Bayard then quotes from Lawrence (notes on Wheatou) the rale in such oases as drawn from the positions taken by the administrations of Presidents Jefferson and Madison daring the strategies with France and England, and continues as follows: Tne situation which the present decree assumes to create is analogous to that caused by the action of the government of New Grenada in 1861. The Grenadian charge d'affaires, Senor Rafael Pombo, on March 31 of that year notified Mr. Seward that certain ports, among them Rio Hacha, Santa Marta, Cartagena, Sabanilla and Seapote, all on the Carribean coast, had been declared to be closed to commerce whether of export or import. ' There is the difference, however, that the Grenadian government then announced that war . vessels of the confederation were to cruise about the ports closed to commerce for the purpose of seizing the vessels which should be found violating the closure which had been decreed. It appears from Mr. Seward's note of acknowledgment to Senor Pombo, dated April 9, 1801, that the announcement then made was interpreted, and correctly so, as a declaration that certain named ports were in a state of blockade, which should be rendered effective by national vessels, and of which due public notice had been given. While the government of the United States in 1861 thus confirmed the doctrine it had consistently maintained from the earliest days of the republic, tbat non-possessed ports might be effectually closed by a maritime blockade, the British govern ment then controverted the right of New Grenada to resort to such a remedy. The secretary then quotes the statement - of Lord John Russell, with reference to the New Grenada blockade, made ia an swer to an inquiry in the Hou-te of Commons on June 27, 1861, and continues as follows:' "Early in. 1861 the civil war in the United States broke out. This government maintained the position that the municipal closure of domestic, ports in the hands of Confederate forces was a legitimate incident toward the maintenance of an effective blockade by sea. This was opposed by the British government. and in the correspondence which then took place Lord John Russell repeatedly - announced to Mr. Adams the same rule .as he had previously announced with regard to the Grenadian decree, and he finally appealed to his answer in the New Grenada case for the purpose of showing that it was intended to make the rule universal. The British Ministry ultimately went to the extreme of declaring that they would consider such a municipal enactment (that of the cloHure of the non-possessed ports) as nail and void, and that they would not submit to measures taken on the high seas in pursuance of such decree. The secretary quotes from a speech made October 25, 1862, by Mr. Cobden, for the Durpose of showing the attitude of the government of Great Britain at that time, and cites the opinion of Professor Perels. an eminent writer of international maritime law, to the effect tbat there can be without blockade no closure of a port not in possession of the sovereign ' issuing the decree upon the governments of neutral powers to recognize it nr to contribute toward its .enforcement by any domes' ic action on their part. Such decree may indeed be necessary as a . municipal enactment of the state which procja-ms it in order to clothe the execu tive wita mum iw pivcrau to Mia m- ' t.,Ytion - 'a formal and effective block- - ad rt wnen ; that purpose is power is - exhausted. -'Areiim . decreeing such ui: I CSide, and if he duly pro- DiocKaoe. then he m ilockade, then be may seize .jpw f - ine aajuaication ot a prize i which may attempt to ran V. Hb so refers to the legis-J igress of the United States in i r-Vwve to the closing of the ports of i ?1 summing. up this point I After a careful examination of v parities and precedents bearing .-tewi ufrvnuv vjucBuon x am -4oand to conctaue as a general principl tnai a decree ur a euvereiirn Dower ruin ing to neutral commerce ports held by its enemies, whether foreign or domestic, can have no international validity and no extra territorial effect in the direction of imposing any obligation. If he Itty an embargo, then the vessels attempting to evade such embargo may be forcibly repelled by him if he be in possession of the ports so closed. The decree of closure of certain named ports of Colombia contains no intimation of an ulterior purpose to resort to a proclaimed and effective blockade. It may, therefore, be premature to treat your announcement as importing such ulterior measures, but it gives me pleasure to declare that the government of the United States will recognize any effective blockade instituted by the United States of Colombia with respect to its domestic ports not actually subject to its authority. This government will' also submit to the forcible repulsion of " vessels of the United States by any embargo whieh Colombia may lay upon the ports of which it has possession when it has power to effect such repulsion, but the government of the United States must regard as utterly nugatory a proclamation closing ports which the United States of Colombia do not possess under color of a naval force which is not even pretended to be competent to constitute a blockade." Upon the second point raised by Senor 'Becerra's communications, viz: The status of insurgent vessels, Secretary Bayard says: "The government of the United States can not regard as piratical vessels manned by parties in arms against the government of United States of Colombia, when such vessels are passing to and from ports held by such insurgents, or even when attacking, ports in'the possession of .the national government. In the late civil war the United States at an early period of the struggle surrendered their position that those manning th,e Confederate cruisers were pirates under international law. The United States of Colombia can not sooner or later do otherwise than accept the same view, but however this may be, no neutral power can acquiesce in the position now taken by the Colombia government, whatever may be the demerits ot the vessels in the power of the insurgents or whatever may be the status of those manning them under the municipal law of Colombia. If they are brought by the act. of the national government within the operation ot tbat law, there can be no - question that such vessels when engaged as above stated are not by the law of nations pirates, nor can they be regarded as pirates by the United States. The status of (purpose) or of (em ployment) which the government ot Co lombia seeks to create against such ves sels by declaring them to be pirates, is. of course, wholly distinct from their in herent status as floating property. Un this latter point we are not as yet adequately informed. The commanders of the naval vessels of the United States on the Colombian coast have, however, been told that if conclusive proof be shown tbat any vessels belonging to citizens of the United States have been unlawfully taken from them, the recovery of such property by the owners or by others acting in their behalf, to the end of its restoration to their legitimate control is warrantable. Such a right is inherent, depending wholly upon the cir cumstances ot the case, and can not be derived from or limited by any municipal decree of the Colombian government like that which you now bring to my notice." Secretary Bayard then reviews at length the position taken by this government daring the late civil war with reference to the question of the closing of non-ncMflPflAd norts. in order to fahw the con sistency of its present action, and in con- elusion says that ports not so possessed can not be closed, even by their legitimate sovereign, without the concomitant of a duly announced and effective blockade, may be accepted as now an established rule ot international law. GENERAL GRANT. HU Steady March Toward Recovery What His Physicians Say, Kew York, April 26. Shortly after 11 o'clock last night General Grant fell asleep, five minims of morphine having been administered, one minim less than usual. Though he did not sleep contin uously through the night he slept in all as much as usual and aroused for the day at o clock a. m. lie was said by Dr. Douglas to have been better today than on any day since the improvement began just two weeks ago. Daring the night the general coughed much less than usual and expectorated scarcely any. dr. Douglas arose late this morning and left the house at 9 o clock. The day broke cloudily and at 6 o'clock rain began falling. The air was chill and raw, precluding the possibility of the general going out during the day. Drs. Barker, Douglas, Shrady and Sands met at the general s house for the regular weekly consultation at 2 p. m. Tbis dialogue took place between Dr. Barker and a reporter when the former left the house after the consultation : 'How is your patient today ? ' was asked. 'He says he feels better than he has felt in a long time," was the doctor's an swer. 'As compared with his condition when von last saw the general, what is his con dition today?" 'The general says he ieels better than he has for Weeks," said Dr, Barker. ; "But your opinion is worth more as to the general's actual condition. Is his throat improved or worse than on Wednesday last?" urged the inquirer. . "The throat has cleared up- some Since Wednesday, but there has been no radical change in the throat. We don't ex pect that," replied Ur. Barker. When ur. uougias leic tne house ne said General Grant was found to have improved since the last consultation, the observation of all the doctors resulting in that opinion. The general' was feeling better and was better than eince his improvement began. Dr. Shrady would join Dr. Douglas Wednesday atternoon next and the next full consultation would take place next Sunday. In relation to certain alarming statements by an electric light agent who carried his machine to General Grant's house Saturday night and assumed to describe the appearance of the general's throat, when he left the house, it may be stated on authority of Dr. Douglas, that he did not see General Grant, nor did he approach him any nearer than the reception-room down stairs; that his machine for examining the throat with electric light was not used. Colonel F. D. Grant corroborated Dr. Douglas in this. He said the electric light agent did not see General Grant, much less examine his throat. Dr. Newman called at 9 o'clock and remained an hour and a half. He savs the general is lively and cheerful and has not ...... , m i r :i leit oetter in a wees:, xne iamuy wm celebrate the general's birthday quietly. An Epidemic of Typhoid-Malaria. Wilkesbarbk, April 26. A frightful epidemic prevailing at Plymouth has practically stopped Jail business in that town except at the drag stores and undertaking establishments. Six deaths from typhoid-malaria fever have taken place since yesterday and nine funerals were held today. . The whole town appears to be in mourning. At a meeting of the borough council last night, the cause of the pestilence was fully discussed and it was decided to clean the streets, alleys and back-yards at once. When this work is accomplished a project for the building-of sewers throughout the town will be submitted to a vote of the people. . The water company of the village, having made an investigation, have notified the council that they were supplying pure, wholesome water and that one chief cause of the epidemic was that a large portion of the village was supplied with water from . wells which had become polluted. Tragic End of a Fend. St. Louis, April 26. Advices from Mt. Vemon, Lawrence county, Mo., are to the effect that John A. Tennis and George H. Moore, old and -well known citizens, between whom a bitter-feud of several years' standing existed, met on the street vester- I .1 : .1 M vol vers ana commenced nring. tennis was shot through the head and Moore through tbe heart, and both died in five minutes. - The Mexicans Bested. 8an Feancisco, April 26. A recent arrival from Sohora states that a battle has occurred between the Yaqui Indians and Mexicans, in which the latter were defeated with a loss of ninety killed and wounded. A Village Burned. Titdsvillk, Pa., April 26. A Corry, Pa. , special to the Herald says : Last evening at 10 o'clock the village of Randolph, N; Y., was visited by a fire consuming eighteen buildings. Loss not stated. COME AS THE WINDS COME, WHEN THE FORESTS ARE RENDED. Come as the Waves Come, When Navies are Stranded Will the Cholera Beach Us Thi Tear? Precautions by the Government. Special to the Ohio State Journal. Washington, April 26. The Treasury and State departments have joined hands for the purpose of preventing the introduction of cholera into the United States during the coming summer. Consuls at all points in Europe, Asia and Africa, likely to be. visited by the plague, have been instructed to notify the department of the first signs of an outbreak. The appearance of cholera at any place where the United States has a representative will thus be known here almost as soon as the first case appears. The State department will thus officially notify the treasury and the . Burgeons of the marine hospital service and the cutters of the revenue marine will at once look out for vessels from infected ports. Last summer a circular letter was addressed to all commanders of revenue marine cutters directing them to "exercise especial vigilance in speaking all vessels arriving from foreign ports, directing your inquiries first as to the port from which the vessel sailed, and, secondly, as to the health of those on board at the time of departure, during the passage, and at the time of hailing; and should the information gained indicate a condition of contagion or infection in the vessel or crew, or that the vessel has left a port at which contagious or infectious diseases are prevailing, her master will be directed to proceed for examination to the outer quarantine station provided for her port of destination.''A circular embodying the salient features of tbat issued last summer will be again prepared, and officers of the service will be called upon to exercise greater vigilance than ever before. The cutters of the service will be stationed as follows: The Woodbury will cruise the coast of Maine from tbe mouth of the St. Croix river to the mouth of the Kennebec ; the Dallas from Rockjand, Me., to Portsmouth, N. H. ; the Gallatin from Portsmouth to Edgarton, Mass.; the Grant from Long Island sound to the mouth of the Delaware; the Hamilton from Great- Egg Harbor, N. J., to Pimlico sound ; the Ewing will take care of Chesapeake bay. The Colfax, McCullough and Boutwell will watch the Carolinas and Georgia. The Dix, Crawford, Seward and McLane will watch the gulf coast, and Rush, Wolcott and Cor win the Pacific ports. The Manhattan will cruise in Lake Ontario, the Perry in Erie, the Fessenden in Huron and Superior, and the Johnson in Lake Michigan. The only coast line not guarded by one of these cutters is the east coast of Florida, where there are no harbors and where the life-saving service will do coast guard duty. Besides the regular vessels others will be pressed into service for inland and harbor service whenever necessary. It is believed by the authorities that the precautions taken will be ample to prevent the landing of craft from infected ports. Dr. Hamilton, surgeon general of the marine hospital service, says that he does not think cholera will gain a foothold in this country during the coming summer. The authorities will leave nothing undone in the way of quarantine or coast guard service and the local boards of health along the coast, and wherever there is a chance for the introduction of contagion, have everywhere signified their willingness to co-operate heartily with the national quarantine officers. The 'fact that the cholera scare began a year ago has given ample time for preparation againBt its introduction. If the municipal authorities in every city and town will look after .the sanitary conditions of their respective charges the danger irom contagion will be greatly diminished and the press is urged to sound the warning. Western Associated Press Dispatch. Grant's Birthday. Washington, April 26. The anniversary of the birth of General Grant will be celebrated here tomorrow evening by appropriate exercises at the Metropolitan church. The President and members of his Cabinet, members of Congress, officers of the army and navy, marine corps and civil service, and Loyal Legion and Grand Army of the Republic posts have been invited to participate. NKWARK NKWS. A Batch of Breezy Notes Concerning; Life In Licking's Capital. Special to the Ohio State Journal. Newabk, O., April 26. Mr. O. G. King left last night for New York City, where he will meet his wife. They expect to remain in the great metropolis several days, when they will go to Steubenville to attend a wedding in high .life. After a few days' sojourn in that city they will return to their home in Newark. Mr. Isaac Bigelow, ex-mayor of Newark, is spending- Sunday with his family and shaking hands with his many friends about town. Mr. A. R. Appleman is now home from his trip to New Orleans, where he has been in attendance at the exposition. Mr. H. E. Harris, of the Utica Herald, was released from arrest Saturday evening on giving bail to the amount of $500. He will have his preliminaiy hearing Tuesday next before Justice Gainor. It is well reported that the affair between him and Rev. Duckworth will be compromised ia some manner soon. Mr. Harris says he wrote a letter to Rev. Duckworth some time before his arrest and explained that he had been misinformed in regard to him and would retract and apologise in his next issue. But it seems the irate reverend was not so easily appeased. It is reported about that Mr. Underwood, late of the firm of Clark & Underwood, former proprietors of the Newark American, has negotiated for and purchased the Youngstown Vindicator, of Youngstown, O., and that he expects soon to take it in eharg&. He is a gentleman well skilled in the newspaper business, and will doubtless make it a success. This is the paper owned and controlled by Mr. Patton, deceased, who for years lived in this city. . Frank Davis, an old Newark boy, now of Ubicago, is in tne city, spending a few days with friends and relations. It is said our young men who delight in the spirit of the diamond have organized a base-ball club. There is excellent material in this city for a good club and if prooerlv managed can be made a success. Mr. James Dickison, residing near Hebron, while driving down (Jhurch street yesterday had the misfortune of a runaway. His horse became frightened at something and raa away, breaking loose from the buggy, which was considerably broken up, and ran down through town. No particular injury was done. The Murderer of Henry Clay Found uaiiiy. Louisvillk, April 26. In the case of Andy Wepler, a barkeeper, charged with killing Henry Clay, the jury, which has been out since 2 o'clock Saturday afternoon, at noon today rendered a verdict giving Wepler two years in the peniten tiary, hoding him guilty of voluntary manslaughter. The opinion here seems to be dissatisfied with the verdict, saying that Wepler was guilty of murder or else he shot Clay in self-defense, and holding that a verdict should have been found ac cordingly. Five of the jury were for acquitta. and the others for a short sen tence. Wepler will apply for a new trial. ' Thirty-Seven Bodies Found., Vicksbubg. April 26. The bodies of five firemen who-. perished in the recent nre here were buried toaay. ine total number of bodies recovered is thirty- seven and it is believed that more are in the ruins. The work of exhaming victims was susDended yesterday evening, having been conducted up to that time by the f ireman s unariiaoie association. Collapse of a Strike.. Pittsburg, April 26. President Cos-tello, of the Coal Miners' association, has issued a card to the striking railroad miners, declaring the strike at an end and advising the men to return to work at the price onered Dy me operators. Arbeiter Hall Burned. Detroit, April 20. At 2:30 o'clock this morning, while a dance was in progress, a fire broke out in Arbeiter hall, resulting in the total destruction of the building and contents. Fully 300 people were in the building at the time, but all escaped without serious injury. Two firemen were overcome by the smoke and a third badly injured by a ladder. In 1S67 the building was erected at an expense of $30,000, and was valued at about half that sum. The total insurance was $8000. A MINIS DISASTER. Eleven aien Buried in a Snow Slide Two Bodies Recovered. Denveb, April 26. The Tribune He-publican's Leadville special says : At 2 this afternoon news reached this city that eleven men working in Homestake mine, on Homestake mountain, on Eagle river, were buried in a snow slide. A special train from here carrying a rescuing party left within an hour for the scene of disaster. Arriving at a point nearest 'the mine, the party was met by a crowd of excited miners who informed them it was useless to attempt to reach the mine through the wilderness of soft snow, even with snoiP-shoes, at that time of day. The party returned to Leadville, and will repeat the trip early in the morning,- when it is hoped the Bnow will bear the weight of rhe men. The missing men are: Martin Borden and brother Sylvester of Nova Scotia, Horace W. Matthews and brother Joseph E. of Iowa, John Lock and John Burns of England, Charles Richard of Nova Scotia, Charles Harvey of Leadville, Robert Campbell of Red Cliff, John -Burns of San Francisco, and one man unknown.A large rescuing party left Leadville Sunday morning for the scene of the snow-slide at Homestake mountain, and is now working with desperate earnestness to reach the victims. Up to tbis evening two bodies were reported recovered. The fate of the other buried miners will probably not be known before sometime Monday, as a great mountain of snow must first be moved. - THE ESCAPE OF MORGAN. The Mission of Judge Hines and an Ad-. mirable Advertisement for a Southern Newspaper. Louisville, April 26. Chief Justice Thomas H. Hines and Adjutant General John I. Castleman of Kentucky returned here today from a visit to Columbus, O., where they have been to visit the penitentiary and have views taken to illustrate the account of the remarkable escape of General John H. Morgan and six of his captains, which is being prepared by Judge Hines, and will appear iu the June number of the Southern Biouvac. No correct account of the details of this escape has ever been made public, and the story prepared by Captain Hines will be complete and fully . illustrated. This work has no reference whatever to the charges which have recently appeared in some Northern papers made against ex-Secretary Jacob Thompson. Judge Hines and Colonel Castleman were the Confederate officers in charge of the military operations of the Confederate government in the Nerthwest in 1864 and are preparing a series of articles on this mieundervtood and unpublished feature of the war's history. They are the only persons familiar with r the details of the work entrusted to them, and have heretofore declined to publish the account because of consideration for prominent men still living. Mlllersbare's New Conrt-Honse Mr. Sharp's Bill What a Hungry Democrat Wants. . ' " Special to the Ohio State Journal. - Milleksbubo, April 25. Arbor day was celebrated here in a very attractive man ner. The exerciee3 took place on our County Fair grounds, participated in by the schools, the G. A. R., the Citizens' band and the citizens generally. The reported excitement and severe criticisms against our representative, Mr. Sharp, by the taxpayers of the county for the late bill he -introduced, authorizing the commissioners of tbis county to raise an extra $30,000 by taxation for the com- p'etion ol our court-house, now being erected, has quieted down if any trouble ever existed. The court-house contract was let at $69,000 to Messrs. Hib-bert & Shauss and no consideration was made for heating or furnishing the build ing so that even tbe limit, which was ?d;-000, was not sufficient to cover- this deficiency, and it was deemed necessary by the commissioners to ask for a large appropriation, although it was not voted on by the people, tlence the bill of Mr. Sharp, which does not compel, as many of the taxpayers - supposed, the commissioners to make the taxation larger, but only authorizes them to do it in case it is necessary. By the more considerate citizens' -Mr. Sharp's action is commended, as the extra $30,000 will be necessary to complete the building, and even at $105,000 it is estimated to be about the cheapest court-house m Ohio. Jacob J. bchiupe of this place vainly hopes for the position as consul at Basle, Switzerland. - Another Way to Beat a Life Insurance Company. Great Bend, Kas., April 26.r-Frank H. Parker, a saloon-keeper, was murdered by his porter this morning. The latter was arrested, and Bays Parker's life was heavily insured and that tbe deed was the result of a mutual agreement between them. Civing the Company a Chance. Western Union operators today it was decided that it was no more than reason able to allow the company until May 1 to decide whether or not it would accede to the operators' request made a week ago, that extra pay lor extra work be restored. Base-Ball. At Cincinnati Cincinnati 8, Louisville 1. Attendance 8000. At Indianapolis Indianapolis 11. To ledo 4. At St. Louis St. Louis 2, Pittsburg 0. Public Education in England. The returns just issued show the expenditures from the grant for public education in England and Wales in the year 1884 upon annual grants to elementary schools to have been 3,110,912 8s, an increase of 264,885 3s 7d. Nearly the whole of tbis increase appears in the annual grants for day scholars. The Church of England schools stand at the head, with grants of 1.418,242 6s 9d, an increase of 106,333 10s 4.1 ; Roman Catholic schools received 150,395 10s 7d, an increase of 15,502 12s 5d; and Wesleyan schools, 120,807 Is 8d, more by 6135 18s lid than in 1S83. Two classes of undenominational schools with large grants are given board schools, 975,918 12s 2d, an increase of 117,899 Is 2d, and British undenominational, and other schools, 237,-112 3s Sd. " It may be noticed that from 1S39 to the end of last year the sum of 39,015,288 16s 6d has been spent on education in England and Wales. St. Petersburg's Population. London Telegraph. Some curious figures are presented by the census of St, Petersburg. At the accession of the present Czar the population was 862,000, showing an increase of 25 per cent, in fifteen years. The proportion of males to females is 122 to 100. Forty per cent, of the people are between the age of 16 and 30, and that there are so few children comparatively is accounted for by the fact that in some years the mortality among infants under two years is as much as 75 per cent. There are 11,000 heads of families with independent means, and there are 14,000 beggars, of whom 11,000 are women and girls. - . Good Cheer. New York Telegram. ' Nearly, all branches of trade look brighter than they did a few months ago. Several great strikes affecting important industries of production are happily ended. Our factories, though not yet so busv as we should like to see them, are very generally on better time and with better assnrance of profit than for over a year back. As tbe season advances, and the machinery of communication and transport, so long paralyzed by a very severe winter, comes again into full play, it is fair to expect that the prospects, of trade will become still more cheerlul. Some years ago an augur was invented by a Mr. Ransom Cook, since dead, which would bore at an angle with the grain without starting with a gouge, lie ob tained his plan by an examination with a microscope of the lips of the worm known as the wood-borer. THE PLAY OF DIPLOMACY PRESENTED BY ENGLAND AND RUSSIA. The Matter Ask That a Commission Settle the Penjdeh Affair If England Won't Agree There Will Be War The French Minister Leatei Cairo. 5 ENGLAND. London, April 26. The Observer, in a special edition, eays it believes Earl Granville, in his second dispatch to St. Petersburg, reiterated the demand that a military inquiry be held regarding the Penjdeh battle on the spot where the battle was fought. .' The St. Petersburg correspondent of -the Daily Telegraph states that the latest English proposals arrived there by special courier Friday. The imperial council met Saturday and decided to reply that the 0ar favored the maintenance of the Russian demand in respect to the delimitation of the frontier. The council also resolved to inform England that Russia would . consent -w to, ; tbe appointment of a special mixed commission to examine into the facts of the report of General Komaroffand Sir Peter Lumsden, and to decide which of the reports are correct. M. de Giers has advised that if England refuses to accept these proposals, Baron de Staal, the Russian ambassador, will be withdrawn and all negotiations be broken off. The Standard this morning confirms the Observer's statements that Earl Granville had reiterated the demand upon Russia for a military inquiry on the spot where the battle of Penjdeh occurred. -; EG IPX. Alexandria, April 26. The" French charge d'affaires has arrived he're from Cairo. It is expected that he will depart for France on Tuesday unless the Bos-phore Egyptien matter be adjusted in the meantime. Suaeih, April 26. General Graham has received definite orders by telegraph from General Wolseley. It is understood that the immediate withdrawal of the British troops has been decided on, CENTRAL. AMERICA. New York, April 26. The following dispatch was received here today : Panama, via Galveston, April 26. All troops were withdrawn from this city last night.'. The consequence can not be fore seen, but that there will be serious trouble on the arrival of the Colombian troops, due here tonight, is certain. Panama, via Galveston, April 26. Today an extraordinary assembly was summoned to consider the situation. General Aizpurn was confirmed in his position as President until the arrival of General Vila and troops from Buena Ventura, wbeu a peace commission will be dispatched on board, the gunboat Boyce for the purpose of treating for an amicable arrangement and cessation of hostilities. Speeches of a pacific nature were made by several prominent citizens, while other citizens strongly deprecated American occupation. Everything continues quiet, but great uneasiness is still evinced. RUSSIA. St. Peteesburg, April 26.-It is believed in well-informed circles the question of peace or war between England and Russia will be settled tomorrow. Rumors are ' current here that another' conflict has occurred between Russians and Afghans. - MANITOBA. ' Winnipeg, April 26. A dispatch to the Free Press from Clarke's Crossing says couriers who left the camp this afternoon have just arrived there. They report no fighting today. 1. FRANCE, rr Paris, April 26. Ee Paris says Germany has offered to mediate between England and Russia, and that the offer has been accepted. Farms on tbe Baltic. F. D. Millet, iu Harper's Magaziue. A more beautiful farming country does not exist than that along the southern shore of the Baltic. No fences mark the boundaries of the fertile farms which stretch away over the rolling hills to the distant horizon, all aglow with yellow grain. At intervals a clump.of trees often seen intensely dark against the ripe grain shows where a farm-house stands, and windmills swing their sails on the highest hilltops. The highway, a finely built chaussee, leads straight across the country, only curving to pass through some village. Mountain ash, birch, and cherry trees border the road in an unbroken rank. In the ditches aud by the roadside grow countless varieties of -wild flowers a perfect paradise for the botanist. From the highest hill the eye meets to the south a succession of grain fields. To the north, beyond the soft undulations of the'culti-vated hills, the Baltic shimmers in the strong sunlight, a narrow line, sharp at the horizon. The dimensions of the brick barns prove the accustomed magnitude of the harvest ; the luxury of the farmers' houses tells of inherited success. Why He Likes Horses. Bonner, the Ledger man, when asked what gave him a taste for fast horses, says he was troubled about thirty years with constant headache and vertigo and troubles of various sorts and kinds and his physician directed him to try horseback riding. He did so, but the exercise was too violent, and he was induced to purchase a span of horses. The verv hrst day he went up the road. then known as Harlem lane, he overtook Commodore Vanderb.lt and Colonel Harper, who were the only two men in town who owned notably last horses, xney easily passed Bonner whenever they cared to, and he, hnding health and rest in the exercise, determined from that time on to own horses that no one could pass, and the consequence is tbat, going on from one purchase to another, beginning with Lantern and Mate, way back in 1859, until today when he is the owner absolute of Maud is., and has expended in horse flesh, all told, not les than $500,000. Wealthy Willows. 1 There are widows in New York City and vicinity who are more blessed with worldly wealth than was the poor widow of Jerusalem. Look at the list of a baker's dozen of these estimable ladies : There is Mrs. Marshall 0. Roberts, one of the most admired of our society belles, whose for tune is estimated at $8,000,000; Mrs. Moses Taylor, who alxo has 18, 000,000 in property; Mrs. Louis Hamersley and Mrs. A. T. Stewart, with $ 6,000.000 each ; Mrs. Johh V. L. Pruyn of Albany, who would be wealthy if her face were her only lor-tune, but whose worldly possessions are set at 55.000,000. Then there are Mrs. John C. Greene and Mrs. Goelet, $4,000,- 000 each ; Mrs. Lispenard fetewart, Mrs. Paran Stevens and Mrs. John R ibinson, with $3,000,000 each; Mrs. Commodore Vanderbilt, Mrs. Riggs and Mrs. Isaac Sherman, each with S2,UOO,000. Slightly Mixed. Hartford Post. They bad just dropped in and seated themselves on the well-worn rasin boxes and cracker barrels. "It's my opinion," remarked Si Slipshod, with an air of foreknowledge, "that General Komaroff's went down thar to do jes' what he did " "Then I don't jes' see why he let Barrios expose himsel f an' get killed. He lost one o' bis best cinerals. ve see." said old Thickhead, croakingly. "Guessyer don't read tne war news very cius, ole man. Barrios was shot in his zareba a little southwest of Suakin." "Now, you'r off," chimed in the gentlemanly proprietor. "Barrios had orders to suppress Riel, and Riel got the best of him." "Gen'l'men," suggested Si. "vou re awfully mixed Le's go into the back room and untangle." There was nt a dry throat left in the room Mr. W. E. Garforth of Normanton, Eng., has perfected a simple invention for the detection of firedamp in collieries which promises to be very efficient. The arrangement consists of a small India rubber hand-ball fitted with a projected tube. By compressing the ball and then allowing it to expand in a suspected atmosphere, it becomes filled with air. The atmosphere thus obtained as the apparatus can be carried in tbe pocket can be taken to a safe place and the air forced through the tube into the flame of a safety-lamp. The elongation of the flame and the well-known blue cap will at once indicate if firedamp exists in the suspected place. This detector has been tried in several collieries with very satisfactory results. The Tramp Season. Mail and Express. - Among the many nuisances to which spring is the prelude, tramps deserve the foremost place. Within two weeks an army of them will be in motion. They have mostly served out the short terms in jail to which they got themselves sentenced at the approach of winter, so as to board and lodge at public expense during, unpleasant weather, and the deluge is about to begin. It will be interesting to observe whether any new stories have been concocted by them during their four months or so of voluntary retirement. We are perfectly familiar with-the tale of the man who has a brother in St. Louis who is yearning for his presence, .and to whose heart and home he is progressing by slow stages. The man who has lost a job and is obliged to walk home, depending on charity for his support by the way, is well known. Su is the man with the spratned wrist, or bad bruise, or something of the sort, whose misfortune has cost him- his place, and who offers to show his .physical infirmity to any soft-hearted entertainer. The story of stolen money and goods is so old that it goes down a little hard now, and, is not often resorted to. It would be an interesting study in sociology to collect and classify the accounts given of tbemselves.bv tramps; tp discover what percentage oT them are willing to work a little for a meal ; to investigate their nationality, education, state as to matrimony and various other facts that any Bocial philosopher, will think of. Perhaps some day we shall have a society for the investigation of tramps, which will furnish printed blanks to house-keepers on the leading routes worked by these modern peripatetics, in which they can set down all needed information, and make monthly reports to the central office of the society. It is our impression that the tramp pure and simple the avowed ' tramp the tramp who dispenses with the aid of any more or less pleverly concocted story as a corkscrew wherewith to open the bottle of hospitality, is increasing. Years of experience have convinced him that the American housewife never refuses any man something to eat, and generally in vites him to call again u he comes that way. He feels that it is a pure matter of charity on his part to furnish any personal fiction in return for the hospitality that is always extended so freely tha't it has come to be regarded as a matter of course. So long as the tramp remains the ladies favorite, it is useless for blunder ing men to pass laws for suppressing him. American Girls Abroad. Berlin Letter, in Hartford Courant. A large contingent of the American "colonies" in Berlin and Dresden is made up of young women who come-abroad to study German and art, generally music. Now and then there is an aimless one among them, and of those who merely want to have a good time there are more -at Dresden, I am told, than here. But most of them are hard students and de serve great respect. Yet I have wondered and 1 still wonder whether young girls, and girls not so young, ever take into account, as they settle down in theboarding-houses and lodging-houses of these cities, what is the estimate put upon them and their missions here by the average European. I am persuaded that they do not. People here have no idea whatever of a state of society which allows young ladies to travel alone, live alone, receive calls when and where they will, go any where and with whom they choose. This, to the average European, ia simply the sign of being a dissolute person, and there are hundreds of our countrywomen who are watched and commented on, both by men and women, who, coming with the American freedom, go to and fro entirely unaware of the severity of the judgment passed upon them. And then the gayety of the American manners, not to speak of what passes as innocent flirtation with us, is looked upon as an open flinging out of the banner of readiness for immoral re-: Nations. Many girls do not care for this even wnen they kcow it. They fling it off with a careless and contemptuous shrug. The only way to escape being taken for people of the demi-monde is to be so entirely devoted to study as to quite silence all suspicion, to be really in love with work, and give all time and thought to it. Of course, there are some of these in all great art centers, but there are enough of the other kind to bring discredit not only on themselves, but also on the American name. How a Treaty Was Made. Harper's Magazine for May. During the French conquest of Algeria negotiations for peace were entered upon with the sheiks of certain Arab tribes, and a meeting for the settlement of terms was arranged to take place at the French headquarters. The French officers received their - guests of the desert with great hospitality, and a banquet was given in their honor. At this the utmost splendor was unfolded in order to dazzle their eyes and captivate their simple minds. At its conclusion an adjournment to a large hail was proposed. Here M. Hou-din, the celebrated conjurer, who accompanied the French foices, was to give them an exhibition of his skill, which to them seemed supernatural. They stared in open-mouthed wonder at all the tricks that were performed, and a feeling of awe crept over them as they saw the mysterious appearings and disappearings of various objects. But the greatest marvel to them was the apparent manufacture of cannon-balls. The conjurer passed around among them a high hat. This they examined very carefully, but without being able to discover anything unusual in either its make or appearance.' When it was returned to him, M. Houdin placed it on the floor in the middle of tbe stage in full view oi his audience. He then proceeded to take from that hat cannon-balls apparently without number, and rolled them across the floor into the wings. This ended the performance. The chiefs consulted among themselves, and came to the conclusion that it was useless to oppose an army that could turn out its ammunition in so easy a manner. They therefore signed the required treaty, and departed to tell their friends in the desert of the wonderful power of the invaders. Youth of Ferdinand Ward. Caledonia (N. Y.) Advertiser. Strange things happen in this world, but one of the strangest in tbis century was the manner of General Grant's ruin, and' by such an instrument as Ferdinand Ward. During the lapse of time between 1861 and 1876, while Grant was winning world-w;de fame as a soldier in the field and as President of the United States, the person that was destined to drag him in sorrow and misery to the grave was an unpromising Geneseo stripling, a youth without honor at home and unknown outside, of the village limits in short, a good-for-nothing young bummer, apparently without a single qualification that would mark him as one likely to win in future life so much as a nod of recognition even from tbe mightiest soldier and illustrious citizen of the United Slates of his day. And yet, if this youDg scalawag had been shot in one of his ribald sprees or struck by lightning. General Grant would in all human probability have been rich and enjoying moderately good health today ; for, however obscure Fred. Ward was as a boy, there was a certain devilish, latent talent there for cunning and wild speculation possessed, perhaoB. bv no other human being, and. as it happened, those peculiar qualifications were so directed as not only to hoodwink, deceive and ruin the unsuspecting Grant, but men of ripe experience in financial affairs. Had a soothsayer appeared in GeneBeo twenty years ago and .predicted such a future for the lad Ward, he would have been sent to the lunatic asylum as a dangerous character to be at large. Such are the mysterious ways of Providence in shaping our ends here below. - - ' . Caught in the Act. Yonter'i Gazette. "Hist 1 good Henrico, make no noise I pray, for very ill me father lies in yonder boudoir." ,fThy father; can it be? Then have the gods made fell disaster wait upon delight with wonderous speed, for yester day I saw him at the rink, the gayest of the gay." "Beware thou jester, how thou play'st with truth. With these same ears I heard me mother tell how 'twas me father's grievous fate last night, e'en as he homeward came from temperance confer ence, to be waylaid bv ruffians who beset him with cruel stroke his bald and shapely head till he was but a moving mount of gore." "The gore I grant thee, thou con fiding child, and eke the bruises parent to the same, but were thou father not thy father, girl, I'd brand the ruffian story as a lie." "S'death ! How durst thou speak thus of me, sir? 'Twere better that thy tongue were ever sheltered in deepest silence than be thus employed in thrusts of questionable character." ''And hark thee, girl, 'twere betteryet, if, when thou father rinkles at the rink, and dalliance makes with some susceptible sylph, he erst acquaints him with the roller's wiles, and thus assures him 'gainst such accidents and drives him to his present subterfuge." "Dost say thou eaw'st me father at the rink?" "I saw the same, and seeing, so I say." "In jocund interchange with wily witch 7" "I can not really tell thee whom or which, but while he whirled he jocund was indeed." "So ho, me Lord 1 then is me dog cart won. This two long years I've wooed him for the same, and now, Henrico, when I whisper this rare secret in his, 8car-embroidered ear, and hint that ma shall likewise know the same if such and such be not for silence given, I fancy it will touch his generous eoul to deeds of most amazing bounteous-nesa."Why He was Called " Old Hickory." Boston Budget General Jackson was known among tbe soldiers who had served under him as "Old Hickory," a soubriquet given him during the Creek war. His brigade was making a forced march, without baggage or tents, to surprise the Indians in one of their villages, and were for several days and hijhts exposed to tbe peltings of a March storm, the rain freezing as it fell. General Jackson g-,ta severe cold, but did not complain, as he tried to sleep- in a muddy bottom among his half-frozen soldiers. .Captain Allen and his brother John cut down a stout hickory tree, peeled off 'the bark and made a covering for the general, who was with difficulty persuaded to crawl into it. The next morning a drunken citizen entered the camp, and seeing the tent kicked it over. As Jackson crawled from the ruins the toper cried: "Hello, Old Hickory; come out of your bark and jine us in a drink 1" Thenceforth the general was known in camp as "Old Hickory," and when he was talked of as a presidential candidate, the nickname was adopted by his supporters. The "liberty tree" of tbe Revolution was revived in the "hickory tree," planted at every country cros-roads and village by the enthusiastic Democrats, while they sang: - Freeman, cheer the hickory tree. Long its bougus have sheltered thee. A Man Tersed in Suicides. Philadelphia Pres. . Coroner's Clerk Dugan is a connoisseur of suicides. "I can tell," he said yesterday afternoon, as he harvested the usual crop of "found drowned" and "sudden deaths," "the nationality of any man from his mode of suicide." "What is the American method?" was asked, x "In almost every case," replied Mr. Dugan readily, "an American who is tired of life will depart from it by means of some narcotic poison, laudanum preferred. He sleeps off in a quiet and gentlemanly way. The German on the other hand, prefers a more violent death. He is pretty sure. to either hang or shoot himself, with an occasional lapse in favor of drowning." "And the Irishman?" "Will invariably shoot himself or cut his throat. It is the same way with the Italians, finally," concluded the connoisseur, judicially. "It's a great mistake to suppose that there are more suicides in one religion than in another. Consider ing the proportion of the population, there are just as many Catholic as Protestant suicides, so far as we can tell." Mourning Goods for Grant's Death. Philadelphia Record. The dealers in mourning goods are lav ing in large supplies of drapery in anticipation of General Grant's death. Already orders have been given to prominent houses to 'decorate buildings, and the belief is that the draping will be general in the event of the ex President's death. The dry goods houses are selling considerable biacK cambrics, chintzes and calicoes to retail dealers, both in and out of the city, who wish to be prepared to meet any unusual demand. There are many prominent stores along Market and Chestnut streets the occupants of which expect to drape in elaborate style. There is one manufacturer in the city who has his mill running night and day getting out cheap blacs cambrics. . It is not believed that there will be any advance in the price of such goods. When Lincoln was assassi nated the price of mourning draping ad vanced 100 per cent, in a few hours, because the trade was totally unprepared to meet the demand that was made upon it. During Garfield's illness the same preparations were made to stock the market as is now being done. Is It True ? An exchange in reviewing the live stock industry of the far West thinks the limit of increasing the ranges of tbe West has been reached. "New Mexico already announces that her ranges are overstocked and has begun moving her sur plus to Arizona. The latter declares her ranges are full wherever water can be bad. Colorado is crowded ; the ranges of Wyoming are full to an uneasy point and she wants no -more. Nebraska, Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Kansas and the Indian tsrritory are fully overstocked, and the ranchmen are protesting vigorously against further supplies from the South. Oregon, Washington, California, Utah and Nevada have no room for more. Where, then," are unoccupied fields? If this is true, then, with the rapidly increasing demand for beef, the stockmen of the older states are, after all, to be depended upon for the necessary increase. Viewed in this light it is none too Boon for a general advance to be made in breeding more in tbe direction of beef and looking to the supply of the general markets. - Where We Get the Asphalt. Philadelphia Times. I never look at an asphalt pavement or roll along over its smooth surface in a carriage without thinking of the curious island and the still more singular place from which the material is procured. In about the center of the Island of Trinidad, a dot in the Caribbean sea, just off the coast of Venezuela, there is an asphalt lake. It is said to cover about 100 acres, and is apparently inexhaustible. It is a black; sandy substance, and is believed to be crude, rotten petroleum. A singular feature of the substance is that, although about 50,000 tons are taken out of tbis lake annually, it constantly fills up, so that there is no lessening of the supply. This singular lake of paying material Is owned by the Venezuelan government, but leased to a company in Washington, of which a man named A. L. Barber is president. They have a fleet of schooners running to Trinidad, and having a monopoly of the business they import vast quantities of the material. A Church Without Choir, Organ or Bell. Indianapolis Letter in Blud'ton Chronicle. I attended the Friends, or Quaker services yesterday for the first time in life, and must say that I was never more impressed with the appearance of calm, Christian piety than seen there. Their church is a plain brick, apparently too small for the numbers in attendance, without ornamentation of any kind. A church without a choir, without an organ, or even a bell, to call the worshipers to God's house ; but yet not lacking in tbat grand Christian infiaence'that extends the hand to even the stranger within the gates, and bids him welcome to the house of God. After a few moments spent in solemn silence the meeting was opened by prayer from an aged sister, who has borne the heat and burthen for many years in the cause, and was an able sup- Elication for fallen and condemned a mani ty. Stained Glass. Stained glass was first used for decorative purposes in the twelfth century. The superior mellowness of tints which is found in the ancient stained glass and which can not be reproduced by modern workmen, is not due altogether to the skill of the medheval artists, but to the softening influence of time and the atmosphere upon the colors. Another cause of the great beauty of the ancient windows is that the dust of centuries has accumulated upon them and caused delicate shadings which the artists never designed. In modern glass staining this shading is obtained by varying the thickness of the The President a Model Churchman. Philadelphia Inquirer. "President Cleveland at church," says a member of his congregation, "is an atr tentive listener. He prays in an audible undertone, singa in a clear baritone voice and is not addicted to tbe habit of turning in his seat to look at late comers. Altogether he is a model churchman." A Flock of Synonyms. The English language, says a correspondent of the Week, must appear wonderfully and fearfully made to a foreigner. One of them, looking at a picture of a number of vessels, said: "See what a flock of Bhips." He was told that a flock of ships was called a fleet, and 'that a fleet of sheep was called a flock. And it was added, for his guidance in mastering the intricacies of our language, that a flock of girls is called a bevy, that a bevy of wolves is . called a drove, and a drove of thieves is called a gang, and a gang of angels is called a host, and a host of porpoises 'is called 'a shoal, and a shoal of buffalos is called a herd, and a herd of children is called a troop, and a troop of partridges is called a pack, and a pack of swans is called 4. whiteness, and a whiteness of geese is called a gaggle, and a gaggle of brant is called a gang, and a ran? of duck is called a team, and a team of widgeon is wuicu a uuujjmuy vr iriph ana . a company of teal' is 'called a flock, and a flock of snipe is called a whisp, and a whisp of bitterns and herons is called a sege, and a sege of plovers is called a flock, and a flock of larks is called an exaltation, and an exaltation of beauties is called a galaxy, and a galaxy of ruffians is called a horde, and a horde of rubbish is called a heap, and a heap of oxen is called a drove, and a drove of blackguards is called a mob, and a mob of whales is called a school, and a school of worshipers is called a congregation, and a congregation of soldiers is called a corps, and a corps of sailors is called a crew, and a crew of robbers is called a band, and a band of bees is called a swarm, and a swarm of people is called a crowd. A Strong Man. Loufsville claims to have the strongest man in the country in the person of a foundryman named John Bernhardt, a native of Alsace, Germany. He is 27 years old, six feet four inches high and weighs 256 pounds, and with no surplus flesh. He gave a reporter for the Post a few exhibitions of his' strength. Taking a piece of iron, which was afterward found to weigh forty-three pounds, Bernhardt held it horizontally at arm's length for several minutes. He then raised a huge piece of block-iron from the ground and placed it upon tbe scales. It pulled 864 pounds. Taking a piece of bar-iron two inches wide' and one inch thick, and placing it against his knees, he bent it double easy, lie took hold of a forty-two gallon barrel of water, and, balancing himBelf against a post, he went thraugh the motion of drinking out of the bunghole. He took a piece of seasoned oak, about the sized a wagon Bpoke, and broke it with his hands. Persian Baths. There are two remarkable restrictions in every Persian city. Ko Christian is ever permitted to enter one of the public baths. These baths are on the plan of what are called Turkish baths in America. The women bathe in the morning and tbe men in the afternoon. After the bath the bathers lounge in an outer room and gossip and smoke. For the women, especially, the weekly visit to the bath is like resorting to a woman's club. They take their sewing and embroidery, and after tbe bath sit for hours chatting, sewing and smoking the water-pipe. When the woman returns home from tbe bath she is full of the gossip of tbe neighborhood, and has plenty to talk about for a week to come. In Turkey all sects can visit the bath, but the Persians allow no one to bathe with them but the faithful .followers of the Prophet. Requirements of the Market. Successful farmers, whether dairymen, fruit-growers or stock-raisers, are those who consult the requirements of the markets rather than their own inclinations in the matter.. Consumers who pay their money will always demand a voice in tbe style and variety of the goods they purchase. Thus it is the breeders of grade draft horses meet" a ready demand and good prices for all the good heavy horses as soon as they are old enough for market. The markets of this country and - all Europe are eagerly calling for more good' draft horses and of a heavier type. They are equally ready to pay tbe increased price for the extra heavy teams when they can find them, and so of the best stock o'f beef and dairy cattle and of hogs. The high grades and full bloods pay best in the strong competition of tbe world. The First Patont. Scientific American. The first patent granted to an inventor in the United States is mentioned in a speech of ex-Senator Wadleigh of New Hampshire in the Forty-fifth Congress. The senator said: "An intelligent gentleman of my own state has referred me to an act of the general court of Massachusetts Bay passed in 1646, granting to one of his ancestors, Joseph J en kg, the exclusive right of making and selling his improved scythe for the term of fourteen years. That, I think, was the first patent granted to an inventor in America. Tbe improvement referred to changed the short, thick, straight English scythe into the longer, thinner, curved implement with stiffened back now in use." An Ecceatrie Will. Toront Globe. A wealthy Frenchman who died in Paris recently, devised by his will that his heirs should place over his grave a marble column bearing bis name, and supporting a frame containing a movable board. On this, ran the will, "My heirs shall affix every day, in a legible manner, a recipe for the kitchen, and for this purpose I have left 365 recipes in my cash-box." In the event of his instructions not being faithfully carried out, the testator willed tbe whole of his property to public charities. The heirs decline to comply with the requirements of the will, and the courts must decide who is to get the property .' An Old Earthen Pot. Paul Wooten of Atlantic City, N. J., has in his possession an earthen pot of a capacity of three or four gallons that was dug up at Egg Harbor City. It was found in solid clay at a depth of fourteen feet. It rested on white beach sand and was filled and covered with a strata of black clay, which was filled with bones, petrified wood and fossils. Next above was six or seven feet of white clay, then five or six of yellow clay with a foot or so of soil on top. The pot is well preserved, has finger-marks and old grease upon it. It is conjectured that the pot is a relic of the Mound-builders aud is several thousand years old. In the Bowels of the Earth. It is a curious fact connected with deep mining that from the hours of 12 at night till 3 in the morning the disturbing influences in the bowels of the earth obtains increased activity. At this time it is observed by miners that water falls from places where none is observable during the day. The volume in the water-wheel is perceptibly increased, the atinos phere is charged with cases, which often prevents the lights from burning, and small particles of earth and rock are observed to fall from the tops of the driven. Judge Wylle's Caea. A petition was circulated among the lawyers on Saturday and largely signed requesting Judge Wylie to resign his position as judge of the Common Pleas court. The reason is, of course, his habit of intoxication. It was said that in case he refused to do so, action would be taken to have him impeached by the Legislature as provided under the law, and Representative Thorp will offer the measure in case it is necessary to do so. There is a well authenticated report that Judge Wylie will contest the case, and that he has formulated some defenses which he will set up. The attorneys are of opinion that patience has ceased to be a virtue, and they appear determined to have the judge off the benph atall events. Farewell Services. Rev. R. V. Griffith, pastor of the Welsh Presbyterian church, with which he has been connected for tbe pasten years, delivered his farewell sermons yesterday, and will leave after a brief rest to take charge of his New York parish, which is the largest society of the kind in the coun-trv. The services were well attended, and the sorrow of the congregation at the loss of a pastor bo closely connected with them for so manv years, was a touching testimonial of his faithful discharge of all his duties toward the people of his church. A farewell reception will be tendered the retiring pastor at Lyndon hall tonight, which will be a pleasant affair. The music for the reception will be furnished by the Cambro-Aiuerican and Philharmonic so cieties. TUB WEATHER. Offic or Chief Signal Orpirra, WASiuMeTox, D. C, April 26, 11 p. m. (75th meridian time ) Observations taken at the same moment of time at all stations : 3 as & g 33 ? tlhf ! I i b; aj. ? J i. i a i vj ( p 65 NW U Clear f7 Calm ..... Clear M W 7 Cltar 62 N Lt . clear 00 .W 6 Cloudy 61 N I.t . clear 62 W Lt ...... Clear ft& 8W 8 ... Cloudy 62 N . Clear M NW Lt .. Fair S3 Calm . Fair 5 . W Lt .. Clear CO N Lt .... Hear 49 N 7 ...... Cloudy 5H NW Lt ... Clear 58 B Lt ...... '"'oar f HR 6 Fair M Ng i.t .07 loud J 4.1 8 10 Cloudy 5H KE .. Cloudy 4 W 18 Cloudy 49 W 14 ..... I'.lear 50 W Lt Fair ' PLACE OF observation; Chattanoo (,'..... Cincinnati........ Columbus..... ..... Indianapolis 1-ou isri lie ...... Memphis. ..... Kashville........ PltUburg...M.,.. Cairo Davenport .... De iiines........ Keok u k ....' St. lxnis..M.. St Paul. .. HprinifileM, 111-.. Leavn worthr... Omaha Bismarck, Dak... Denver, Col..... Salt ake City tilereland Detroll,.... Chicago ..... 10.11 40.12 0.IO l.l .10 IA io. id ;so.os W.l!i 40.16 .-W.H :W.17 mi7 0.M 0.1 S0.08I am W 7.'J :w.07 INDICATIONS. For Tennessee and the Ohio Valley Fair, weather, nor h to west winds, becoming; variable, slight changes in temperature, higher followed In extreme western portions by falling barometer. Lower Lake Slightly warmer end fair weather, northwest tQ southwest winds, higher barometer Vpper MlKsiasippl Generally fair weather, winds shifting to east and south, slltthtly wanner la southern portion, falling followed by rising temperature in northern portion. Mississippi Valley Increasing cloudiness with local rains, winds generally from east to south, light changes in temperature. Local Observations, Taken at the tV 8. Signal Oflloe, Col itulitu, 0., eunuay, April go, lv. g ir 3 3 2 1 J Time. s B ! & 8 E I t 1 ? j : a. m.. 29.040 23.10 61.4 NW 21 cnndy 10:28 a.m.... 2.1:W 8 .000 64.6 W 16 Cloudy 2:28 p. m.... V91.S0 80.OAI 60S NW 18 iKair 6:28 p. m . KO OtiO '8.5 W 14 CIcjJL 10:28 p. m.... Mgtfg 80.096 M.5 W 7 l'4T Maximum temperature. -I V. minimum u-im.er- ature, 61.2; mean daily tempe'ature. A6.6: cloudiness 6.8: average llr ctiou of wind west; average slate of weather, f Ir; prccipitatl n, .88. c. Wil' uai, Private, Pljrnal ton , I'. H. A. THE HAILKOADS. Deceiver of the Lake Erie Bond. Cleveland, April 26. Vice President I. H. Cheney has been appointed receiver for the Lake Erie and Western railroad on application of George J. McGonrky of New York. In August, 1883, C. K. Cum-mings, president of the road, gave Mc-Gourky a promissory note for 1320,000 to bear 7 per cent, interest. Yesterday the road confessed judgment for tbe principal and interest paid since November 1, 1884. Railway Hospital Burned. Galveston, April 20 The News's Fort Worth special says: The large railway hospital of tbe Gould system burned to the ground this morning. Tbe patients in the hospital were all safely removed by the firemen and sent to tierialia tonight. Loss $30,000, insurance $25,000. Strike Settled. St. Louis, April 20. The trouble at tbe Wabash railroad ebons at Moberly. Mo.. m understood to have been satisfactorily settled, and tbe men return to work tomorrow and traffic on the road will be fully resumed. Local and Uaneral. The Vandalia is going to adopt the Westinghouse pneumatic train signal. - The Indiana Association of Train Dis patchers meets at Terre Haute, May 10. A. G. Barker, general ticket agent of the Chicago and Northwestern, was in the city iriday. A steam shovel and three graver trains are busy ballasting the St. Louis division of the Bee Line. The freight agents interested in the Chicago and Ohio River pool, meet at Indianapolis Thursday. G. II. Hagans of Chicago has been appointed assistant city ticket agent of the Panhandle at Indianapolis. A good conception of the commercial importance of Columbus can be had in a visit to the large freight depots of the city. Tbey are busy places. Tbe New York Senate has passed a bill requiring the railway commission to certify the necessity or public utility of a projected railway before a charter ia granted. The three Columbus lodges of the Patriotic Sons of America closed a contract with Jerry Bliss for an excursion to the Dayton Soldiers' home the latter part of next month. D. L. Wei's, formerly of the Baltimore and Ohio offices here, but now of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad, is at the Exchange, having spent Sunday with friends here. The Baltimore and Ohio has purchased a road called the Schuylkill lttver East Side railway, and thus obtained right of way into Philadelphia. By connection with the Bound Brook route a through line is secured to New York. Joe Webb, traveling passenger agent of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, who is in the Northwest on business, was notified Friday ot tbe arrival of a son and heir at his residence, 2(3 Spiuce street. The trunk pool commissioners are making but little headway in removing tbe opposition of the Pennsylvania Company to the continuance of the pool, and as the Chicago and Grand Trunk is also disaffected it looks as if the trunk pool will go after May 1. Sutherland M. Prevost, superintendent of the Pennsylvania divieion of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, bas bfen appointed general superintendent of transportation, with headquarters at Philadelphia. Superintendent Robert E. Pettit of the New York division becomes general superintendent, with his office at Altoona, being succeeded by Joseph A. Crawford, now superintendent of the West Jersey and Camden and Atlantic branches. Ilia place is taken by A. G. Dayton, superintendent of motive power of the Philadelphia and Erie and Northern Central. The appointments take effect on May 1. The resignation of John Keillyon account of ill health, ho for twenty years past has been superintendent of transportation, has been accepted. Every move of the Pennsylvania people makes it mora apparent that Uiey propose to take all tbe benefits tbat can be derived from their direct lines and superior equipments. The Pennsylvania people take the ground that when a railroad company go to tbe heavy expense of constructing as near as possible a perfect road bd and then placing upon it superior rolling stork and make fast lime, they should not be asked to allow a differential rate to an interior competitor. There are railroad officials who fear that the stand tbe Pennsylvania people have taken regarding differential rates will lead to a war on paaaenger rates. The same persons, however, admit that, were they in the position the Pennsylvania road ia, tbey would lake the stanie stand. Indinnapolu Journal. A Crowd of Hoodlums. Last night a gang of t.uug men were going down Goodale street making a terrible noise aud stirring ui things gener- ally, and when Officer Butterwick remon- strated with them, they turned and began to assault him with bricks aud stones. He defended himself with his mace and succeeded In laving out one of the gang named Archie Burr. The rest started to run, but after going some distance they halted, and Barr, who had regained his feet, slipped up luehiud Butterwick and hurled a stone at his head. A few taps from the mace quieted him and the rest of the crowd escaped. Butterwick took his man down to the Flowers engine-house, and summoning Officers Keeb and Kennedy had them take charge of the man while he started out after the rest They skipped out, followed by two hpts from tbe officer's pistol. Theae men belong to a gang that infest this district, and the officer says he will break it up if it takes him all summer. A Brace of Fires. A. Beck & Son's hide and tallow worki were damaged by fire, Saturday nigty, to the extent of SvSOO. The origin of the fire is unknown. The loss is covered by insurance. A valuable Scotch terrier belonging to Mr. Beck was suffocated by the smoke. , Some oil took fire last night in a lamp at the house occupied by J. B. Skelton, 20 Walnut street, aud the department was summoned to witness iu dying flicker. i l i" A i I h .1

WW'ijui nn,(ii BiymMhA COLUMBUS. MONDAY MORNING, APHIL 27, 1885. VOL. XXVI. O. 100. ESTABLISHED 1811. (I Pi COLOMBIA TO COLUMBIA. SOME VERY TART CORRESPONDENCE Between the Colombia Minister and Secretary Bayard Kebmttve to the Closing of C.rtmin Forte to Outside Cem-merer The Seward Doctrine. Washisgtox, April 26. The following correspondence has recently passed between Secretary Bayard and Senor Becer-ra, the Colombia minister at Washington, with reference' to a decree of the Colombian government closing certain of its porta to foreign commerce and virtually declaring the Teasels of insurgents, now engaged in hostile operations against Cartagena, to be beyond the pale of international law. Under date of April 9 Senor Becerra writes to Secretary Bayard as follows:"I yesterday had the satisfaction to re-. ceive a telegtam from the President of Colombia, dated at the capital city of the Union on that same day, whereby that magistrate informed me that the entire republic la now. pacified with the exception of the ports of Panama, in- the state 'of that same, and those of Sahinella, Santa Marta and Barranquilla, in the states of . Bolivar and Margdalena. Active military operations; however, were still in preparation against the rebels who hold these points in oar territory. With a view to making more efficient various measures of a highly important character that had been adopted, two of which I have the honor, in obedience to special instructions, to bring to the knowledge of this government. By a-first decree the Colombian government, in the exercises of its authority and expressly enforcing a pertinent provision of its commercial and . revenue laws, declares the ports of Sabanilla and Santa Marta, in the Carribean sea, and the fluvial port of Barranquilla, which is very near to Sabanilla, closed to foreign commerce. ' All - attempts to import or export goods through the aforesaid ports after this decree is known will therefore be considered as illicit. Any trade thus carried on will be considered contraband and the vessels, crews, etc., engaged therein will be liable besides forfeiting the goods) to the penalties in such cases provided by the Colombian laws. By a second decree the government of Colombia declares that the vessels which are now stationed at the entrance to the bay of Cartagena, in the port of that name in the Orribean sea, and which are there embarrassing aud even making war upon international commerce under the flags of .various friendly nations, and by means of the vessels of the ikies of regular communication which have long be.n established, do not belong to the United States of Colombia, and that they have . no right to raise, as they nevertheless do raise, the flags of ftiat nation. As a consequence both their - existence and their action which are wholly irregular, put them beyond the pale of international law, and their proceedings which are hostile to the peaceful operations of commerce at the entrance to a commercial port belonging to a nation which is at peace with the whole world, may in all cases be punished by vessels that are charged in these waters to watch over the interests of commerce in general and over special interests of the nation which they respectively belong. In informing you, Mr. Secretary of State, as I hereby Lave the honor to do, of the restoration of peace throughout almost the entire territory of Colombia, and of the measures adopted with a view to its restoration in the ports which are still held by the rebels, I entertain the hope that this information will be gratifying to you and that the decrees in question will have in your estimation the weight necessary to Cifuse them to be considered as important to American commerce." - Under date of April 25, Secretary Bay- ard replied to enor Beeerra, recapitulating the points of the latter's communication and setting 'forth the position of the . United States with reference thereto as follows: "This government, following the re-caived tenets of international law, does not admit that a decrea of a sovereign government closing certain national porta in the possession of foreign enemies, or of insargents, has any international effect, unless sustained by ablockade force sufficient to practically close such ports." Secretary Bayard then quotes from Lawrence (notes on Wheatou) the rale in such oases as drawn from the positions taken by the administrations of Presidents Jefferson and Madison daring the strategies with France and England, and continues as follows: Tne situation which the present decree assumes to create is analogous to that caused by the action of the government of New Grenada in 1861. The Grenadian charge d'affaires, Senor Rafael Pombo, on March 31 of that year notified Mr. Seward that certain ports, among them Rio Hacha, Santa Marta, Cartagena, Sabanilla and Seapote, all on the Carribean coast, had been declared to be closed to commerce whether of export or import. ' There is the difference, however, that the Grenadian government then announced that war . vessels of the confederation were to cruise about the ports closed to commerce for the purpose of seizing the vessels which should be found violating the closure which had been decreed. It appears from Mr. Seward's note of acknowledgment to Senor Pombo, dated April 9, 1801, that the announcement then made was interpreted, and correctly so, as a declaration that certain named ports were in a state of blockade, which should be rendered effective by national vessels, and of which due public notice had been given. While the government of the United States in 1861 thus confirmed the doctrine it had consistently maintained from the earliest days of the republic, tbat non-possessed ports might be effectually closed by a maritime blockade, the British govern ment then controverted the right of New Grenada to resort to such a remedy. The secretary then quotes the statement - of Lord John Russell, with reference to the New Grenada blockade, made ia an swer to an inquiry in the Hou-te of Commons on June 27, 1861, and continues as follows:' "Early in. 1861 the civil war in the United States broke out. This government maintained the position that the municipal closure of domestic, ports in the hands of Confederate forces was a legitimate incident toward the maintenance of an effective blockade by sea. This was opposed by the British government. and in the correspondence which then took place Lord John Russell repeatedly - announced to Mr. Adams the same rule .as he had previously announced with regard to the Grenadian decree, and he finally appealed to his answer in the New Grenada case for the purpose of showing that it was intended to make the rule universal. The British Ministry ultimately went to the extreme of declaring that they would consider such a municipal enactment (that of the cloHure of the non-possessed ports) as nail and void, and that they would not submit to measures taken on the high seas in pursuance of such decree. The secretary quotes from a speech made October 25, 1862, by Mr. Cobden, for the Durpose of showing the attitude of the government of Great Britain at that time, and cites the opinion of Professor Perels. an eminent writer of international maritime law, to the effect tbat there can be without blockade no closure of a port not in possession of the sovereign ' issuing the decree upon the governments of neutral powers to recognize it nr to contribute toward its .enforcement by any domes' ic action on their part. Such decree may indeed be necessary as a . municipal enactment of the state which procja-ms it in order to clothe the execu tive wita mum iw pivcrau to Mia m- ' t.,Ytion - 'a formal and effective block- - ad rt wnen ; that purpose is power is - exhausted. -'Areiim . decreeing such ui: I CSide, and if he duly pro- DiocKaoe. then he m ilockade, then be may seize .jpw f - ine aajuaication ot a prize i which may attempt to ran V. Hb so refers to the legis-J igress of the United States in i r-Vwve to the closing of the ports of i ?1 summing. up this point I After a careful examination of v parities and precedents bearing .-tewi ufrvnuv vjucBuon x am -4oand to conctaue as a general principl tnai a decree ur a euvereiirn Dower ruin ing to neutral commerce ports held by its enemies, whether foreign or domestic, can have no international validity and no extra territorial effect in the direction of imposing any obligation. If he Itty an embargo, then the vessels attempting to evade such embargo may be forcibly repelled by him if he be in possession of the ports so closed. The decree of closure of certain named ports of Colombia contains no intimation of an ulterior purpose to resort to a proclaimed and effective blockade. It may, therefore, be premature to treat your announcement as importing such ulterior measures, but it gives me pleasure to declare that the government of the United States will recognize any effective blockade instituted by the United States of Colombia with respect to its domestic ports not actually subject to its authority. This government will' also submit to the forcible repulsion of " vessels of the United States by any embargo whieh Colombia may lay upon the ports of which it has possession when it has power to effect such repulsion, but the government of the United States must regard as utterly nugatory a proclamation closing ports which the United States of Colombia do not possess under color of a naval force which is not even pretended to be competent to constitute a blockade." Upon the second point raised by Senor 'Becerra's communications, viz: The status of insurgent vessels, Secretary Bayard says: "The government of the United States can not regard as piratical vessels manned by parties in arms against the government of United States of Colombia, when such vessels are passing to and from ports held by such insurgents, or even when attacking, ports in'the possession of .the national government. In the late civil war the United States at an early period of the struggle surrendered their position that those manning th,e Confederate cruisers were pirates under international law. The United States of Colombia can not sooner or later do otherwise than accept the same view, but however this may be, no neutral power can acquiesce in the position now taken by the Colombia government, whatever may be the demerits ot the vessels in the power of the insurgents or whatever may be the status of those manning them under the municipal law of Colombia. If they are brought by the act. of the national government within the operation ot tbat law, there can be no - question that such vessels when engaged as above stated are not by the law of nations pirates, nor can they be regarded as pirates by the United States. The status of (purpose) or of (em ployment) which the government ot Co lombia seeks to create against such ves sels by declaring them to be pirates, is. of course, wholly distinct from their in herent status as floating property. Un this latter point we are not as yet adequately informed. The commanders of the naval vessels of the United States on the Colombian coast have, however, been told that if conclusive proof be shown tbat any vessels belonging to citizens of the United States have been unlawfully taken from them, the recovery of such property by the owners or by others acting in their behalf, to the end of its restoration to their legitimate control is warrantable. Such a right is inherent, depending wholly upon the cir cumstances ot the case, and can not be derived from or limited by any municipal decree of the Colombian government like that which you now bring to my notice." Secretary Bayard then reviews at length the position taken by this government daring the late civil war with reference to the question of the closing of non-ncMflPflAd norts. in order to fahw the con sistency of its present action, and in con- elusion says that ports not so possessed can not be closed, even by their legitimate sovereign, without the concomitant of a duly announced and effective blockade, may be accepted as now an established rule ot international law. GENERAL GRANT. HU Steady March Toward Recovery What His Physicians Say, Kew York, April 26. Shortly after 11 o'clock last night General Grant fell asleep, five minims of morphine having been administered, one minim less than usual. Though he did not sleep contin uously through the night he slept in all as much as usual and aroused for the day at o clock a. m. lie was said by Dr. Douglas to have been better today than on any day since the improvement began just two weeks ago. Daring the night the general coughed much less than usual and expectorated scarcely any. dr. Douglas arose late this morning and left the house at 9 o clock. The day broke cloudily and at 6 o'clock rain began falling. The air was chill and raw, precluding the possibility of the general going out during the day. Drs. Barker, Douglas, Shrady and Sands met at the general s house for the regular weekly consultation at 2 p. m. Tbis dialogue took place between Dr. Barker and a reporter when the former left the house after the consultation : 'How is your patient today ? ' was asked. 'He says he feels better than he has felt in a long time," was the doctor's an swer. 'As compared with his condition when von last saw the general, what is his con dition today?" 'The general says he ieels better than he has for Weeks," said Dr, Barker. ; "But your opinion is worth more as to the general's actual condition. Is his throat improved or worse than on Wednesday last?" urged the inquirer. . "The throat has cleared up- some Since Wednesday, but there has been no radical change in the throat. We don't ex pect that," replied Ur. Barker. When ur. uougias leic tne house ne said General Grant was found to have improved since the last consultation, the observation of all the doctors resulting in that opinion. The general' was feeling better and was better than eince his improvement began. Dr. Shrady would join Dr. Douglas Wednesday atternoon next and the next full consultation would take place next Sunday. In relation to certain alarming statements by an electric light agent who carried his machine to General Grant's house Saturday night and assumed to describe the appearance of the general's throat, when he left the house, it may be stated on authority of Dr. Douglas, that he did not see General Grant, nor did he approach him any nearer than the reception-room down stairs; that his machine for examining the throat with electric light was not used. Colonel F. D. Grant corroborated Dr. Douglas in this. He said the electric light agent did not see General Grant, much less examine his throat. Dr. Newman called at 9 o'clock and remained an hour and a half. He savs the general is lively and cheerful and has not ...... , m i r :i leit oetter in a wees:, xne iamuy wm celebrate the general's birthday quietly. An Epidemic of Typhoid-Malaria. Wilkesbarbk, April 26. A frightful epidemic prevailing at Plymouth has practically stopped Jail business in that town except at the drag stores and undertaking establishments. Six deaths from typhoid-malaria fever have taken place since yesterday and nine funerals were held today. . The whole town appears to be in mourning. At a meeting of the borough council last night, the cause of the pestilence was fully discussed and it was decided to clean the streets, alleys and back-yards at once. When this work is accomplished a project for the building-of sewers throughout the town will be submitted to a vote of the people. . The water company of the village, having made an investigation, have notified the council that they were supplying pure, wholesome water and that one chief cause of the epidemic was that a large portion of the village was supplied with water from . wells which had become polluted. Tragic End of a Fend. St. Louis, April 26. Advices from Mt. Vemon, Lawrence county, Mo., are to the effect that John A. Tennis and George H. Moore, old and -well known citizens, between whom a bitter-feud of several years' standing existed, met on the street vester- I .1 : .1 M vol vers ana commenced nring. tennis was shot through the head and Moore through tbe heart, and both died in five minutes. - The Mexicans Bested. 8an Feancisco, April 26. A recent arrival from Sohora states that a battle has occurred between the Yaqui Indians and Mexicans, in which the latter were defeated with a loss of ninety killed and wounded. A Village Burned. Titdsvillk, Pa., April 26. A Corry, Pa. , special to the Herald says : Last evening at 10 o'clock the village of Randolph, N; Y., was visited by a fire consuming eighteen buildings. Loss not stated. COME AS THE WINDS COME, WHEN THE FORESTS ARE RENDED. Come as the Waves Come, When Navies are Stranded Will the Cholera Beach Us Thi Tear? Precautions by the Government. Special to the Ohio State Journal. Washington, April 26. The Treasury and State departments have joined hands for the purpose of preventing the introduction of cholera into the United States during the coming summer. Consuls at all points in Europe, Asia and Africa, likely to be. visited by the plague, have been instructed to notify the department of the first signs of an outbreak. The appearance of cholera at any place where the United States has a representative will thus be known here almost as soon as the first case appears. The State department will thus officially notify the treasury and the . Burgeons of the marine hospital service and the cutters of the revenue marine will at once look out for vessels from infected ports. Last summer a circular letter was addressed to all commanders of revenue marine cutters directing them to "exercise especial vigilance in speaking all vessels arriving from foreign ports, directing your inquiries first as to the port from which the vessel sailed, and, secondly, as to the health of those on board at the time of departure, during the passage, and at the time of hailing; and should the information gained indicate a condition of contagion or infection in the vessel or crew, or that the vessel has left a port at which contagious or infectious diseases are prevailing, her master will be directed to proceed for examination to the outer quarantine station provided for her port of destination.''A circular embodying the salient features of tbat issued last summer will be again prepared, and officers of the service will be called upon to exercise greater vigilance than ever before. The cutters of the service will be stationed as follows: The Woodbury will cruise the coast of Maine from tbe mouth of the St. Croix river to the mouth of the Kennebec ; the Dallas from Rockjand, Me., to Portsmouth, N. H. ; the Gallatin from Portsmouth to Edgarton, Mass.; the Grant from Long Island sound to the mouth of the Delaware; the Hamilton from Great- Egg Harbor, N. J., to Pimlico sound ; the Ewing will take care of Chesapeake bay. The Colfax, McCullough and Boutwell will watch the Carolinas and Georgia. The Dix, Crawford, Seward and McLane will watch the gulf coast, and Rush, Wolcott and Cor win the Pacific ports. The Manhattan will cruise in Lake Ontario, the Perry in Erie, the Fessenden in Huron and Superior, and the Johnson in Lake Michigan. The only coast line not guarded by one of these cutters is the east coast of Florida, where there are no harbors and where the life-saving service will do coast guard duty. Besides the regular vessels others will be pressed into service for inland and harbor service whenever necessary. It is believed by the authorities that the precautions taken will be ample to prevent the landing of craft from infected ports. Dr. Hamilton, surgeon general of the marine hospital service, says that he does not think cholera will gain a foothold in this country during the coming summer. The authorities will leave nothing undone in the way of quarantine or coast guard service and the local boards of health along the coast, and wherever there is a chance for the introduction of contagion, have everywhere signified their willingness to co-operate heartily with the national quarantine officers. The 'fact that the cholera scare began a year ago has given ample time for preparation againBt its introduction. If the municipal authorities in every city and town will look after .the sanitary conditions of their respective charges the danger irom contagion will be greatly diminished and the press is urged to sound the warning. Western Associated Press Dispatch. Grant's Birthday. Washington, April 26. The anniversary of the birth of General Grant will be celebrated here tomorrow evening by appropriate exercises at the Metropolitan church. The President and members of his Cabinet, members of Congress, officers of the army and navy, marine corps and civil service, and Loyal Legion and Grand Army of the Republic posts have been invited to participate. NKWARK NKWS. A Batch of Breezy Notes Concerning; Life In Licking's Capital. Special to the Ohio State Journal. Newabk, O., April 26. Mr. O. G. King left last night for New York City, where he will meet his wife. They expect to remain in the great metropolis several days, when they will go to Steubenville to attend a wedding in high .life. After a few days' sojourn in that city they will return to their home in Newark. Mr. Isaac Bigelow, ex-mayor of Newark, is spending- Sunday with his family and shaking hands with his many friends about town. Mr. A. R. Appleman is now home from his trip to New Orleans, where he has been in attendance at the exposition. Mr. H. E. Harris, of the Utica Herald, was released from arrest Saturday evening on giving bail to the amount of $500. He will have his preliminaiy hearing Tuesday next before Justice Gainor. It is well reported that the affair between him and Rev. Duckworth will be compromised ia some manner soon. Mr. Harris says he wrote a letter to Rev. Duckworth some time before his arrest and explained that he had been misinformed in regard to him and would retract and apologise in his next issue. But it seems the irate reverend was not so easily appeased. It is reported about that Mr. Underwood, late of the firm of Clark & Underwood, former proprietors of the Newark American, has negotiated for and purchased the Youngstown Vindicator, of Youngstown, O., and that he expects soon to take it in eharg&. He is a gentleman well skilled in the newspaper business, and will doubtless make it a success. This is the paper owned and controlled by Mr. Patton, deceased, who for years lived in this city. . Frank Davis, an old Newark boy, now of Ubicago, is in tne city, spending a few days with friends and relations. It is said our young men who delight in the spirit of the diamond have organized a base-ball club. There is excellent material in this city for a good club and if prooerlv managed can be made a success. Mr. James Dickison, residing near Hebron, while driving down (Jhurch street yesterday had the misfortune of a runaway. His horse became frightened at something and raa away, breaking loose from the buggy, which was considerably broken up, and ran down through town. No particular injury was done. The Murderer of Henry Clay Found uaiiiy. Louisvillk, April 26. In the case of Andy Wepler, a barkeeper, charged with killing Henry Clay, the jury, which has been out since 2 o'clock Saturday afternoon, at noon today rendered a verdict giving Wepler two years in the peniten tiary, hoding him guilty of voluntary manslaughter. The opinion here seems to be dissatisfied with the verdict, saying that Wepler was guilty of murder or else he shot Clay in self-defense, and holding that a verdict should have been found ac cordingly. Five of the jury were for acquitta. and the others for a short sen tence. Wepler will apply for a new trial. ' Thirty-Seven Bodies Found., Vicksbubg. April 26. The bodies of five firemen who-. perished in the recent nre here were buried toaay. ine total number of bodies recovered is thirty- seven and it is believed that more are in the ruins. The work of exhaming victims was susDended yesterday evening, having been conducted up to that time by the f ireman s unariiaoie association. Collapse of a Strike.. Pittsburg, April 26. President Cos-tello, of the Coal Miners' association, has issued a card to the striking railroad miners, declaring the strike at an end and advising the men to return to work at the price onered Dy me operators. Arbeiter Hall Burned. Detroit, April 20. At 2:30 o'clock this morning, while a dance was in progress, a fire broke out in Arbeiter hall, resulting in the total destruction of the building and contents. Fully 300 people were in the building at the time, but all escaped without serious injury. Two firemen were overcome by the smoke and a third badly injured by a ladder. In 1S67 the building was erected at an expense of $30,000, and was valued at about half that sum. The total insurance was $8000. A MINIS DISASTER. Eleven aien Buried in a Snow Slide Two Bodies Recovered. Denveb, April 26. The Tribune He-publican's Leadville special says : At 2 this afternoon news reached this city that eleven men working in Homestake mine, on Homestake mountain, on Eagle river, were buried in a snow slide. A special train from here carrying a rescuing party left within an hour for the scene of disaster. Arriving at a point nearest 'the mine, the party was met by a crowd of excited miners who informed them it was useless to attempt to reach the mine through the wilderness of soft snow, even with snoiP-shoes, at that time of day. The party returned to Leadville, and will repeat the trip early in the morning,- when it is hoped the Bnow will bear the weight of rhe men. The missing men are: Martin Borden and brother Sylvester of Nova Scotia, Horace W. Matthews and brother Joseph E. of Iowa, John Lock and John Burns of England, Charles Richard of Nova Scotia, Charles Harvey of Leadville, Robert Campbell of Red Cliff, John -Burns of San Francisco, and one man unknown.A large rescuing party left Leadville Sunday morning for the scene of the snow-slide at Homestake mountain, and is now working with desperate earnestness to reach the victims. Up to tbis evening two bodies were reported recovered. The fate of the other buried miners will probably not be known before sometime Monday, as a great mountain of snow must first be moved. - THE ESCAPE OF MORGAN. The Mission of Judge Hines and an Ad-. mirable Advertisement for a Southern Newspaper. Louisville, April 26. Chief Justice Thomas H. Hines and Adjutant General John I. Castleman of Kentucky returned here today from a visit to Columbus, O., where they have been to visit the penitentiary and have views taken to illustrate the account of the remarkable escape of General John H. Morgan and six of his captains, which is being prepared by Judge Hines, and will appear iu the June number of the Southern Biouvac. No correct account of the details of this escape has ever been made public, and the story prepared by Captain Hines will be complete and fully . illustrated. This work has no reference whatever to the charges which have recently appeared in some Northern papers made against ex-Secretary Jacob Thompson. Judge Hines and Colonel Castleman were the Confederate officers in charge of the military operations of the Confederate government in the Nerthwest in 1864 and are preparing a series of articles on this mieundervtood and unpublished feature of the war's history. They are the only persons familiar with r the details of the work entrusted to them, and have heretofore declined to publish the account because of consideration for prominent men still living. Mlllersbare's New Conrt-Honse Mr. Sharp's Bill What a Hungry Democrat Wants. . ' " Special to the Ohio State Journal. - Milleksbubo, April 25. Arbor day was celebrated here in a very attractive man ner. The exerciee3 took place on our County Fair grounds, participated in by the schools, the G. A. R., the Citizens' band and the citizens generally. The reported excitement and severe criticisms against our representative, Mr. Sharp, by the taxpayers of the county for the late bill he -introduced, authorizing the commissioners of tbis county to raise an extra $30,000 by taxation for the com- p'etion ol our court-house, now being erected, has quieted down if any trouble ever existed. The court-house contract was let at $69,000 to Messrs. Hib-bert & Shauss and no consideration was made for heating or furnishing the build ing so that even tbe limit, which was ?d;-000, was not sufficient to cover- this deficiency, and it was deemed necessary by the commissioners to ask for a large appropriation, although it was not voted on by the people, tlence the bill of Mr. Sharp, which does not compel, as many of the taxpayers - supposed, the commissioners to make the taxation larger, but only authorizes them to do it in case it is necessary. By the more considerate citizens' -Mr. Sharp's action is commended, as the extra $30,000 will be necessary to complete the building, and even at $105,000 it is estimated to be about the cheapest court-house m Ohio. Jacob J. bchiupe of this place vainly hopes for the position as consul at Basle, Switzerland. - Another Way to Beat a Life Insurance Company. Great Bend, Kas., April 26.r-Frank H. Parker, a saloon-keeper, was murdered by his porter this morning. The latter was arrested, and Bays Parker's life was heavily insured and that tbe deed was the result of a mutual agreement between them. Civing the Company a Chance. Western Union operators today it was decided that it was no more than reason able to allow the company until May 1 to decide whether or not it would accede to the operators' request made a week ago, that extra pay lor extra work be restored. Base-Ball. At Cincinnati Cincinnati 8, Louisville 1. Attendance 8000. At Indianapolis Indianapolis 11. To ledo 4. At St. Louis St. Louis 2, Pittsburg 0. Public Education in England. The returns just issued show the expenditures from the grant for public education in England and Wales in the year 1884 upon annual grants to elementary schools to have been 3,110,912 8s, an increase of 264,885 3s 7d. Nearly the whole of tbis increase appears in the annual grants for day scholars. The Church of England schools stand at the head, with grants of 1.418,242 6s 9d, an increase of 106,333 10s 4.1 ; Roman Catholic schools received 150,395 10s 7d, an increase of 15,502 12s 5d; and Wesleyan schools, 120,807 Is 8d, more by 6135 18s lid than in 1S83. Two classes of undenominational schools with large grants are given board schools, 975,918 12s 2d, an increase of 117,899 Is 2d, and British undenominational, and other schools, 237,-112 3s Sd. " It may be noticed that from 1S39 to the end of last year the sum of 39,015,288 16s 6d has been spent on education in England and Wales. St. Petersburg's Population. London Telegraph. Some curious figures are presented by the census of St, Petersburg. At the accession of the present Czar the population was 862,000, showing an increase of 25 per cent, in fifteen years. The proportion of males to females is 122 to 100. Forty per cent, of the people are between the age of 16 and 30, and that there are so few children comparatively is accounted for by the fact that in some years the mortality among infants under two years is as much as 75 per cent. There are 11,000 heads of families with independent means, and there are 14,000 beggars, of whom 11,000 are women and girls. - . Good Cheer. New York Telegram. ' Nearly, all branches of trade look brighter than they did a few months ago. Several great strikes affecting important industries of production are happily ended. Our factories, though not yet so busv as we should like to see them, are very generally on better time and with better assnrance of profit than for over a year back. As tbe season advances, and the machinery of communication and transport, so long paralyzed by a very severe winter, comes again into full play, it is fair to expect that the prospects, of trade will become still more cheerlul. Some years ago an augur was invented by a Mr. Ransom Cook, since dead, which would bore at an angle with the grain without starting with a gouge, lie ob tained his plan by an examination with a microscope of the lips of the worm known as the wood-borer. THE PLAY OF DIPLOMACY PRESENTED BY ENGLAND AND RUSSIA. The Matter Ask That a Commission Settle the Penjdeh Affair If England Won't Agree There Will Be War The French Minister Leatei Cairo. 5 ENGLAND. London, April 26. The Observer, in a special edition, eays it believes Earl Granville, in his second dispatch to St. Petersburg, reiterated the demand that a military inquiry be held regarding the Penjdeh battle on the spot where the battle was fought. .' The St. Petersburg correspondent of -the Daily Telegraph states that the latest English proposals arrived there by special courier Friday. The imperial council met Saturday and decided to reply that the 0ar favored the maintenance of the Russian demand in respect to the delimitation of the frontier. The council also resolved to inform England that Russia would . consent -w to, ; tbe appointment of a special mixed commission to examine into the facts of the report of General Komaroffand Sir Peter Lumsden, and to decide which of the reports are correct. M. de Giers has advised that if England refuses to accept these proposals, Baron de Staal, the Russian ambassador, will be withdrawn and all negotiations be broken off. The Standard this morning confirms the Observer's statements that Earl Granville had reiterated the demand upon Russia for a military inquiry on the spot where the battle of Penjdeh occurred. -; EG IPX. Alexandria, April 26. The" French charge d'affaires has arrived he're from Cairo. It is expected that he will depart for France on Tuesday unless the Bos-phore Egyptien matter be adjusted in the meantime. Suaeih, April 26. General Graham has received definite orders by telegraph from General Wolseley. It is understood that the immediate withdrawal of the British troops has been decided on, CENTRAL. AMERICA. New York, April 26. The following dispatch was received here today : Panama, via Galveston, April 26. All troops were withdrawn from this city last night.'. The consequence can not be fore seen, but that there will be serious trouble on the arrival of the Colombian troops, due here tonight, is certain. Panama, via Galveston, April 26. Today an extraordinary assembly was summoned to consider the situation. General Aizpurn was confirmed in his position as President until the arrival of General Vila and troops from Buena Ventura, wbeu a peace commission will be dispatched on board, the gunboat Boyce for the purpose of treating for an amicable arrangement and cessation of hostilities. Speeches of a pacific nature were made by several prominent citizens, while other citizens strongly deprecated American occupation. Everything continues quiet, but great uneasiness is still evinced. RUSSIA. St. Peteesburg, April 26.-It is believed in well-informed circles the question of peace or war between England and Russia will be settled tomorrow. Rumors are ' current here that another' conflict has occurred between Russians and Afghans. - MANITOBA. ' Winnipeg, April 26. A dispatch to the Free Press from Clarke's Crossing says couriers who left the camp this afternoon have just arrived there. They report no fighting today. 1. FRANCE, rr Paris, April 26. Ee Paris says Germany has offered to mediate between England and Russia, and that the offer has been accepted. Farms on tbe Baltic. F. D. Millet, iu Harper's Magaziue. A more beautiful farming country does not exist than that along the southern shore of the Baltic. No fences mark the boundaries of the fertile farms which stretch away over the rolling hills to the distant horizon, all aglow with yellow grain. At intervals a clump.of trees often seen intensely dark against the ripe grain shows where a farm-house stands, and windmills swing their sails on the highest hilltops. The highway, a finely built chaussee, leads straight across the country, only curving to pass through some village. Mountain ash, birch, and cherry trees border the road in an unbroken rank. In the ditches aud by the roadside grow countless varieties of -wild flowers a perfect paradise for the botanist. From the highest hill the eye meets to the south a succession of grain fields. To the north, beyond the soft undulations of the'culti-vated hills, the Baltic shimmers in the strong sunlight, a narrow line, sharp at the horizon. The dimensions of the brick barns prove the accustomed magnitude of the harvest ; the luxury of the farmers' houses tells of inherited success. Why He Likes Horses. Bonner, the Ledger man, when asked what gave him a taste for fast horses, says he was troubled about thirty years with constant headache and vertigo and troubles of various sorts and kinds and his physician directed him to try horseback riding. He did so, but the exercise was too violent, and he was induced to purchase a span of horses. The verv hrst day he went up the road. then known as Harlem lane, he overtook Commodore Vanderb.lt and Colonel Harper, who were the only two men in town who owned notably last horses, xney easily passed Bonner whenever they cared to, and he, hnding health and rest in the exercise, determined from that time on to own horses that no one could pass, and the consequence is tbat, going on from one purchase to another, beginning with Lantern and Mate, way back in 1859, until today when he is the owner absolute of Maud is., and has expended in horse flesh, all told, not les than $500,000. Wealthy Willows. 1 There are widows in New York City and vicinity who are more blessed with worldly wealth than was the poor widow of Jerusalem. Look at the list of a baker's dozen of these estimable ladies : There is Mrs. Marshall 0. Roberts, one of the most admired of our society belles, whose for tune is estimated at $8,000,000; Mrs. Moses Taylor, who alxo has 18, 000,000 in property; Mrs. Louis Hamersley and Mrs. A. T. Stewart, with $ 6,000.000 each ; Mrs. Johh V. L. Pruyn of Albany, who would be wealthy if her face were her only lor-tune, but whose worldly possessions are set at 55.000,000. Then there are Mrs. John C. Greene and Mrs. Goelet, $4,000,- 000 each ; Mrs. Lispenard fetewart, Mrs. Paran Stevens and Mrs. John R ibinson, with $3,000,000 each; Mrs. Commodore Vanderbilt, Mrs. Riggs and Mrs. Isaac Sherman, each with S2,UOO,000. Slightly Mixed. Hartford Post. They bad just dropped in and seated themselves on the well-worn rasin boxes and cracker barrels. "It's my opinion," remarked Si Slipshod, with an air of foreknowledge, "that General Komaroff's went down thar to do jes' what he did " "Then I don't jes' see why he let Barrios expose himsel f an' get killed. He lost one o' bis best cinerals. ve see." said old Thickhead, croakingly. "Guessyer don't read tne war news very cius, ole man. Barrios was shot in his zareba a little southwest of Suakin." "Now, you'r off," chimed in the gentlemanly proprietor. "Barrios had orders to suppress Riel, and Riel got the best of him." "Gen'l'men," suggested Si. "vou re awfully mixed Le's go into the back room and untangle." There was nt a dry throat left in the room Mr. W. E. Garforth of Normanton, Eng., has perfected a simple invention for the detection of firedamp in collieries which promises to be very efficient. The arrangement consists of a small India rubber hand-ball fitted with a projected tube. By compressing the ball and then allowing it to expand in a suspected atmosphere, it becomes filled with air. The atmosphere thus obtained as the apparatus can be carried in tbe pocket can be taken to a safe place and the air forced through the tube into the flame of a safety-lamp. The elongation of the flame and the well-known blue cap will at once indicate if firedamp exists in the suspected place. This detector has been tried in several collieries with very satisfactory results. The Tramp Season. Mail and Express. - Among the many nuisances to which spring is the prelude, tramps deserve the foremost place. Within two weeks an army of them will be in motion. They have mostly served out the short terms in jail to which they got themselves sentenced at the approach of winter, so as to board and lodge at public expense during, unpleasant weather, and the deluge is about to begin. It will be interesting to observe whether any new stories have been concocted by them during their four months or so of voluntary retirement. We are perfectly familiar with-the tale of the man who has a brother in St. Louis who is yearning for his presence, .and to whose heart and home he is progressing by slow stages. The man who has lost a job and is obliged to walk home, depending on charity for his support by the way, is well known. Su is the man with the spratned wrist, or bad bruise, or something of the sort, whose misfortune has cost him- his place, and who offers to show his .physical infirmity to any soft-hearted entertainer. The story of stolen money and goods is so old that it goes down a little hard now, and, is not often resorted to. It would be an interesting study in sociology to collect and classify the accounts given of tbemselves.bv tramps; tp discover what percentage oT them are willing to work a little for a meal ; to investigate their nationality, education, state as to matrimony and various other facts that any Bocial philosopher, will think of. Perhaps some day we shall have a society for the investigation of tramps, which will furnish printed blanks to house-keepers on the leading routes worked by these modern peripatetics, in which they can set down all needed information, and make monthly reports to the central office of the society. It is our impression that the tramp pure and simple the avowed ' tramp the tramp who dispenses with the aid of any more or less pleverly concocted story as a corkscrew wherewith to open the bottle of hospitality, is increasing. Years of experience have convinced him that the American housewife never refuses any man something to eat, and generally in vites him to call again u he comes that way. He feels that it is a pure matter of charity on his part to furnish any personal fiction in return for the hospitality that is always extended so freely tha't it has come to be regarded as a matter of course. So long as the tramp remains the ladies favorite, it is useless for blunder ing men to pass laws for suppressing him. American Girls Abroad. Berlin Letter, in Hartford Courant. A large contingent of the American "colonies" in Berlin and Dresden is made up of young women who come-abroad to study German and art, generally music. Now and then there is an aimless one among them, and of those who merely want to have a good time there are more -at Dresden, I am told, than here. But most of them are hard students and de serve great respect. Yet I have wondered and 1 still wonder whether young girls, and girls not so young, ever take into account, as they settle down in theboarding-houses and lodging-houses of these cities, what is the estimate put upon them and their missions here by the average European. I am persuaded that they do not. People here have no idea whatever of a state of society which allows young ladies to travel alone, live alone, receive calls when and where they will, go any where and with whom they choose. This, to the average European, ia simply the sign of being a dissolute person, and there are hundreds of our countrywomen who are watched and commented on, both by men and women, who, coming with the American freedom, go to and fro entirely unaware of the severity of the judgment passed upon them. And then the gayety of the American manners, not to speak of what passes as innocent flirtation with us, is looked upon as an open flinging out of the banner of readiness for immoral re-: Nations. Many girls do not care for this even wnen they kcow it. They fling it off with a careless and contemptuous shrug. The only way to escape being taken for people of the demi-monde is to be so entirely devoted to study as to quite silence all suspicion, to be really in love with work, and give all time and thought to it. Of course, there are some of these in all great art centers, but there are enough of the other kind to bring discredit not only on themselves, but also on the American name. How a Treaty Was Made. Harper's Magazine for May. During the French conquest of Algeria negotiations for peace were entered upon with the sheiks of certain Arab tribes, and a meeting for the settlement of terms was arranged to take place at the French headquarters. The French officers received their - guests of the desert with great hospitality, and a banquet was given in their honor. At this the utmost splendor was unfolded in order to dazzle their eyes and captivate their simple minds. At its conclusion an adjournment to a large hail was proposed. Here M. Hou-din, the celebrated conjurer, who accompanied the French foices, was to give them an exhibition of his skill, which to them seemed supernatural. They stared in open-mouthed wonder at all the tricks that were performed, and a feeling of awe crept over them as they saw the mysterious appearings and disappearings of various objects. But the greatest marvel to them was the apparent manufacture of cannon-balls. The conjurer passed around among them a high hat. This they examined very carefully, but without being able to discover anything unusual in either its make or appearance.' When it was returned to him, M. Houdin placed it on the floor in the middle of tbe stage in full view oi his audience. He then proceeded to take from that hat cannon-balls apparently without number, and rolled them across the floor into the wings. This ended the performance. The chiefs consulted among themselves, and came to the conclusion that it was useless to oppose an army that could turn out its ammunition in so easy a manner. They therefore signed the required treaty, and departed to tell their friends in the desert of the wonderful power of the invaders. Youth of Ferdinand Ward. Caledonia (N. Y.) Advertiser. Strange things happen in this world, but one of the strangest in tbis century was the manner of General Grant's ruin, and' by such an instrument as Ferdinand Ward. During the lapse of time between 1861 and 1876, while Grant was winning world-w;de fame as a soldier in the field and as President of the United States, the person that was destined to drag him in sorrow and misery to the grave was an unpromising Geneseo stripling, a youth without honor at home and unknown outside, of the village limits in short, a good-for-nothing young bummer, apparently without a single qualification that would mark him as one likely to win in future life so much as a nod of recognition even from tbe mightiest soldier and illustrious citizen of the United Slates of his day. And yet, if this youDg scalawag had been shot in one of his ribald sprees or struck by lightning. General Grant would in all human probability have been rich and enjoying moderately good health today ; for, however obscure Fred. Ward was as a boy, there was a certain devilish, latent talent there for cunning and wild speculation possessed, perhaoB. bv no other human being, and. as it happened, those peculiar qualifications were so directed as not only to hoodwink, deceive and ruin the unsuspecting Grant, but men of ripe experience in financial affairs. Had a soothsayer appeared in GeneBeo twenty years ago and .predicted such a future for the lad Ward, he would have been sent to the lunatic asylum as a dangerous character to be at large. Such are the mysterious ways of Providence in shaping our ends here below. - - ' . Caught in the Act. Yonter'i Gazette. "Hist 1 good Henrico, make no noise I pray, for very ill me father lies in yonder boudoir." ,fThy father; can it be? Then have the gods made fell disaster wait upon delight with wonderous speed, for yester day I saw him at the rink, the gayest of the gay." "Beware thou jester, how thou play'st with truth. With these same ears I heard me mother tell how 'twas me father's grievous fate last night, e'en as he homeward came from temperance confer ence, to be waylaid bv ruffians who beset him with cruel stroke his bald and shapely head till he was but a moving mount of gore." "The gore I grant thee, thou con fiding child, and eke the bruises parent to the same, but were thou father not thy father, girl, I'd brand the ruffian story as a lie." "S'death ! How durst thou speak thus of me, sir? 'Twere better that thy tongue were ever sheltered in deepest silence than be thus employed in thrusts of questionable character." ''And hark thee, girl, 'twere betteryet, if, when thou father rinkles at the rink, and dalliance makes with some susceptible sylph, he erst acquaints him with the roller's wiles, and thus assures him 'gainst such accidents and drives him to his present subterfuge." "Dost say thou eaw'st me father at the rink?" "I saw the same, and seeing, so I say." "In jocund interchange with wily witch 7" "I can not really tell thee whom or which, but while he whirled he jocund was indeed." "So ho, me Lord 1 then is me dog cart won. This two long years I've wooed him for the same, and now, Henrico, when I whisper this rare secret in his, 8car-embroidered ear, and hint that ma shall likewise know the same if such and such be not for silence given, I fancy it will touch his generous eoul to deeds of most amazing bounteous-nesa."Why He was Called " Old Hickory." Boston Budget General Jackson was known among tbe soldiers who had served under him as "Old Hickory," a soubriquet given him during the Creek war. His brigade was making a forced march, without baggage or tents, to surprise the Indians in one of their villages, and were for several days and hijhts exposed to tbe peltings of a March storm, the rain freezing as it fell. General Jackson g-,ta severe cold, but did not complain, as he tried to sleep- in a muddy bottom among his half-frozen soldiers. .Captain Allen and his brother John cut down a stout hickory tree, peeled off 'the bark and made a covering for the general, who was with difficulty persuaded to crawl into it. The next morning a drunken citizen entered the camp, and seeing the tent kicked it over. As Jackson crawled from the ruins the toper cried: "Hello, Old Hickory; come out of your bark and jine us in a drink 1" Thenceforth the general was known in camp as "Old Hickory," and when he was talked of as a presidential candidate, the nickname was adopted by his supporters. The "liberty tree" of tbe Revolution was revived in the "hickory tree," planted at every country cros-roads and village by the enthusiastic Democrats, while they sang: - Freeman, cheer the hickory tree. Long its bougus have sheltered thee. A Man Tersed in Suicides. Philadelphia Pres. . Coroner's Clerk Dugan is a connoisseur of suicides. "I can tell," he said yesterday afternoon, as he harvested the usual crop of "found drowned" and "sudden deaths," "the nationality of any man from his mode of suicide." "What is the American method?" was asked, x "In almost every case," replied Mr. Dugan readily, "an American who is tired of life will depart from it by means of some narcotic poison, laudanum preferred. He sleeps off in a quiet and gentlemanly way. The German on the other hand, prefers a more violent death. He is pretty sure. to either hang or shoot himself, with an occasional lapse in favor of drowning." "And the Irishman?" "Will invariably shoot himself or cut his throat. It is the same way with the Italians, finally," concluded the connoisseur, judicially. "It's a great mistake to suppose that there are more suicides in one religion than in another. Consider ing the proportion of the population, there are just as many Catholic as Protestant suicides, so far as we can tell." Mourning Goods for Grant's Death. Philadelphia Record. The dealers in mourning goods are lav ing in large supplies of drapery in anticipation of General Grant's death. Already orders have been given to prominent houses to 'decorate buildings, and the belief is that the draping will be general in the event of the ex President's death. The dry goods houses are selling considerable biacK cambrics, chintzes and calicoes to retail dealers, both in and out of the city, who wish to be prepared to meet any unusual demand. There are many prominent stores along Market and Chestnut streets the occupants of which expect to drape in elaborate style. There is one manufacturer in the city who has his mill running night and day getting out cheap blacs cambrics. . It is not believed that there will be any advance in the price of such goods. When Lincoln was assassi nated the price of mourning draping ad vanced 100 per cent, in a few hours, because the trade was totally unprepared to meet the demand that was made upon it. During Garfield's illness the same preparations were made to stock the market as is now being done. Is It True ? An exchange in reviewing the live stock industry of the far West thinks the limit of increasing the ranges of tbe West has been reached. "New Mexico already announces that her ranges are overstocked and has begun moving her sur plus to Arizona. The latter declares her ranges are full wherever water can be bad. Colorado is crowded ; the ranges of Wyoming are full to an uneasy point and she wants no -more. Nebraska, Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Kansas and the Indian tsrritory are fully overstocked, and the ranchmen are protesting vigorously against further supplies from the South. Oregon, Washington, California, Utah and Nevada have no room for more. Where, then," are unoccupied fields? If this is true, then, with the rapidly increasing demand for beef, the stockmen of the older states are, after all, to be depended upon for the necessary increase. Viewed in this light it is none too Boon for a general advance to be made in breeding more in tbe direction of beef and looking to the supply of the general markets. - Where We Get the Asphalt. Philadelphia Times. I never look at an asphalt pavement or roll along over its smooth surface in a carriage without thinking of the curious island and the still more singular place from which the material is procured. In about the center of the Island of Trinidad, a dot in the Caribbean sea, just off the coast of Venezuela, there is an asphalt lake. It is said to cover about 100 acres, and is apparently inexhaustible. It is a black; sandy substance, and is believed to be crude, rotten petroleum. A singular feature of the substance is that, although about 50,000 tons are taken out of tbis lake annually, it constantly fills up, so that there is no lessening of the supply. This singular lake of paying material Is owned by the Venezuelan government, but leased to a company in Washington, of which a man named A. L. Barber is president. They have a fleet of schooners running to Trinidad, and having a monopoly of the business they import vast quantities of the material. A Church Without Choir, Organ or Bell. Indianapolis Letter in Blud'ton Chronicle. I attended the Friends, or Quaker services yesterday for the first time in life, and must say that I was never more impressed with the appearance of calm, Christian piety than seen there. Their church is a plain brick, apparently too small for the numbers in attendance, without ornamentation of any kind. A church without a choir, without an organ, or even a bell, to call the worshipers to God's house ; but yet not lacking in tbat grand Christian infiaence'that extends the hand to even the stranger within the gates, and bids him welcome to the house of God. After a few moments spent in solemn silence the meeting was opened by prayer from an aged sister, who has borne the heat and burthen for many years in the cause, and was an able sup- Elication for fallen and condemned a mani ty. Stained Glass. Stained glass was first used for decorative purposes in the twelfth century. The superior mellowness of tints which is found in the ancient stained glass and which can not be reproduced by modern workmen, is not due altogether to the skill of the medheval artists, but to the softening influence of time and the atmosphere upon the colors. Another cause of the great beauty of the ancient windows is that the dust of centuries has accumulated upon them and caused delicate shadings which the artists never designed. In modern glass staining this shading is obtained by varying the thickness of the The President a Model Churchman. Philadelphia Inquirer. "President Cleveland at church," says a member of his congregation, "is an atr tentive listener. He prays in an audible undertone, singa in a clear baritone voice and is not addicted to tbe habit of turning in his seat to look at late comers. Altogether he is a model churchman." A Flock of Synonyms. The English language, says a correspondent of the Week, must appear wonderfully and fearfully made to a foreigner. One of them, looking at a picture of a number of vessels, said: "See what a flock of Bhips." He was told that a flock of ships was called a fleet, and 'that a fleet of sheep was called a flock. And it was added, for his guidance in mastering the intricacies of our language, that a flock of girls is called a bevy, that a bevy of wolves is . called a drove, and a drove of thieves is called a gang, and a gang of angels is called a host, and a host of porpoises 'is called 'a shoal, and a shoal of buffalos is called a herd, and a herd of children is called a troop, and a troop of partridges is called a pack, and a pack of swans is called 4. whiteness, and a whiteness of geese is called a gaggle, and a gaggle of brant is called a gang, and a ran? of duck is called a team, and a team of widgeon is wuicu a uuujjmuy vr iriph ana . a company of teal' is 'called a flock, and a flock of snipe is called a whisp, and a whisp of bitterns and herons is called a sege, and a sege of plovers is called a flock, and a flock of larks is called an exaltation, and an exaltation of beauties is called a galaxy, and a galaxy of ruffians is called a horde, and a horde of rubbish is called a heap, and a heap of oxen is called a drove, and a drove of blackguards is called a mob, and a mob of whales is called a school, and a school of worshipers is called a congregation, and a congregation of soldiers is called a corps, and a corps of sailors is called a crew, and a crew of robbers is called a band, and a band of bees is called a swarm, and a swarm of people is called a crowd. A Strong Man. Loufsville claims to have the strongest man in the country in the person of a foundryman named John Bernhardt, a native of Alsace, Germany. He is 27 years old, six feet four inches high and weighs 256 pounds, and with no surplus flesh. He gave a reporter for the Post a few exhibitions of his' strength. Taking a piece of iron, which was afterward found to weigh forty-three pounds, Bernhardt held it horizontally at arm's length for several minutes. He then raised a huge piece of block-iron from the ground and placed it upon tbe scales. It pulled 864 pounds. Taking a piece of bar-iron two inches wide' and one inch thick, and placing it against his knees, he bent it double easy, lie took hold of a forty-two gallon barrel of water, and, balancing himBelf against a post, he went thraugh the motion of drinking out of the bunghole. He took a piece of seasoned oak, about the sized a wagon Bpoke, and broke it with his hands. Persian Baths. There are two remarkable restrictions in every Persian city. Ko Christian is ever permitted to enter one of the public baths. These baths are on the plan of what are called Turkish baths in America. The women bathe in the morning and tbe men in the afternoon. After the bath the bathers lounge in an outer room and gossip and smoke. For the women, especially, the weekly visit to the bath is like resorting to a woman's club. They take their sewing and embroidery, and after tbe bath sit for hours chatting, sewing and smoking the water-pipe. When the woman returns home from tbe bath she is full of the gossip of tbe neighborhood, and has plenty to talk about for a week to come. In Turkey all sects can visit the bath, but the Persians allow no one to bathe with them but the faithful .followers of the Prophet. Requirements of the Market. Successful farmers, whether dairymen, fruit-growers or stock-raisers, are those who consult the requirements of the markets rather than their own inclinations in the matter.. Consumers who pay their money will always demand a voice in tbe style and variety of the goods they purchase. Thus it is the breeders of grade draft horses meet" a ready demand and good prices for all the good heavy horses as soon as they are old enough for market. The markets of this country and - all Europe are eagerly calling for more good' draft horses and of a heavier type. They are equally ready to pay tbe increased price for the extra heavy teams when they can find them, and so of the best stock o'f beef and dairy cattle and of hogs. The high grades and full bloods pay best in the strong competition of tbe world. The First Patont. Scientific American. The first patent granted to an inventor in the United States is mentioned in a speech of ex-Senator Wadleigh of New Hampshire in the Forty-fifth Congress. The senator said: "An intelligent gentleman of my own state has referred me to an act of the general court of Massachusetts Bay passed in 1646, granting to one of his ancestors, Joseph J en kg, the exclusive right of making and selling his improved scythe for the term of fourteen years. That, I think, was the first patent granted to an inventor in America. Tbe improvement referred to changed the short, thick, straight English scythe into the longer, thinner, curved implement with stiffened back now in use." An Ecceatrie Will. Toront Globe. A wealthy Frenchman who died in Paris recently, devised by his will that his heirs should place over his grave a marble column bearing bis name, and supporting a frame containing a movable board. On this, ran the will, "My heirs shall affix every day, in a legible manner, a recipe for the kitchen, and for this purpose I have left 365 recipes in my cash-box." In the event of his instructions not being faithfully carried out, the testator willed tbe whole of his property to public charities. The heirs decline to comply with the requirements of the will, and the courts must decide who is to get the property .' An Old Earthen Pot. Paul Wooten of Atlantic City, N. J., has in his possession an earthen pot of a capacity of three or four gallons that was dug up at Egg Harbor City. It was found in solid clay at a depth of fourteen feet. It rested on white beach sand and was filled and covered with a strata of black clay, which was filled with bones, petrified wood and fossils. Next above was six or seven feet of white clay, then five or six of yellow clay with a foot or so of soil on top. The pot is well preserved, has finger-marks and old grease upon it. It is conjectured that the pot is a relic of the Mound-builders aud is several thousand years old. In the Bowels of the Earth. It is a curious fact connected with deep mining that from the hours of 12 at night till 3 in the morning the disturbing influences in the bowels of the earth obtains increased activity. At this time it is observed by miners that water falls from places where none is observable during the day. The volume in the water-wheel is perceptibly increased, the atinos phere is charged with cases, which often prevents the lights from burning, and small particles of earth and rock are observed to fall from the tops of the driven. Judge Wylle's Caea. A petition was circulated among the lawyers on Saturday and largely signed requesting Judge Wylie to resign his position as judge of the Common Pleas court. The reason is, of course, his habit of intoxication. It was said that in case he refused to do so, action would be taken to have him impeached by the Legislature as provided under the law, and Representative Thorp will offer the measure in case it is necessary to do so. There is a well authenticated report that Judge Wylie will contest the case, and that he has formulated some defenses which he will set up. The attorneys are of opinion that patience has ceased to be a virtue, and they appear determined to have the judge off the benph atall events. Farewell Services. Rev. R. V. Griffith, pastor of the Welsh Presbyterian church, with which he has been connected for tbe pasten years, delivered his farewell sermons yesterday, and will leave after a brief rest to take charge of his New York parish, which is the largest society of the kind in the coun-trv. The services were well attended, and the sorrow of the congregation at the loss of a pastor bo closely connected with them for so manv years, was a touching testimonial of his faithful discharge of all his duties toward the people of his church. A farewell reception will be tendered the retiring pastor at Lyndon hall tonight, which will be a pleasant affair. The music for the reception will be furnished by the Cambro-Aiuerican and Philharmonic so cieties. TUB WEATHER. Offic or Chief Signal Orpirra, WASiuMeTox, D. C, April 26, 11 p. m. (75th meridian time ) Observations taken at the same moment of time at all stations : 3 as & g 33 ? tlhf ! I i b; aj. ? J i. i a i vj ( p 65 NW U Clear f7 Calm ..... Clear M W 7 Cltar 62 N Lt . clear 00 .W 6 Cloudy 61 N I.t . clear 62 W Lt ...... Clear ft& 8W 8 ... Cloudy 62 N . Clear M NW Lt .. Fair S3 Calm . Fair 5 . W Lt .. Clear CO N Lt .... Hear 49 N 7 ...... Cloudy 5H NW Lt ... Clear 58 B Lt ...... '"'oar f HR 6 Fair M Ng i.t .07 loud J 4.1 8 10 Cloudy 5H KE .. Cloudy 4 W 18 Cloudy 49 W 14 ..... I'.lear 50 W Lt Fair ' PLACE OF observation; Chattanoo (,'..... Cincinnati........ Columbus..... ..... Indianapolis 1-ou isri lie ...... Memphis. ..... Kashville........ PltUburg...M.,.. Cairo Davenport .... De iiines........ Keok u k ....' St. lxnis..M.. St Paul. .. HprinifileM, 111-.. Leavn worthr... Omaha Bismarck, Dak... Denver, Col..... Salt ake City tilereland Detroll,.... Chicago ..... 10.11 40.12 0.IO l.l .10 IA io. id ;so.os W.l!i 40.16 .-W.H :W.17 mi7 0.M 0.1 S0.08I am W 7.'J :w.07 INDICATIONS. For Tennessee and the Ohio Valley Fair, weather, nor h to west winds, becoming; variable, slight changes in temperature, higher followed In extreme western portions by falling barometer. Lower Lake Slightly warmer end fair weather, northwest tQ southwest winds, higher barometer Vpper MlKsiasippl Generally fair weather, winds shifting to east and south, slltthtly wanner la southern portion, falling followed by rising temperature in northern portion. Mississippi Valley Increasing cloudiness with local rains, winds generally from east to south, light changes in temperature. Local Observations, Taken at the tV 8. Signal Oflloe, Col itulitu, 0., eunuay, April go, lv. g ir 3 3 2 1 J Time. s B ! & 8 E I t 1 ? j : a. m.. 29.040 23.10 61.4 NW 21 cnndy 10:28 a.m.... 2.1:W 8 .000 64.6 W 16 Cloudy 2:28 p. m.... V91.S0 80.OAI 60S NW 18 iKair 6:28 p. m . KO OtiO '8.5 W 14 CIcjJL 10:28 p. m.... Mgtfg 80.096 M.5 W 7 l'4T Maximum temperature. -I V. minimum u-im.er- ature, 61.2; mean daily tempe'ature. A6.6: cloudiness 6.8: average llr ctiou of wind west; average slate of weather, f Ir; prccipitatl n, .88. c. Wil' uai, Private, Pljrnal ton , I'. H. A. THE HAILKOADS. Deceiver of the Lake Erie Bond. Cleveland, April 26. Vice President I. H. Cheney has been appointed receiver for the Lake Erie and Western railroad on application of George J. McGonrky of New York. In August, 1883, C. K. Cum-mings, president of the road, gave Mc-Gourky a promissory note for 1320,000 to bear 7 per cent, interest. Yesterday the road confessed judgment for tbe principal and interest paid since November 1, 1884. Railway Hospital Burned. Galveston, April 20 The News's Fort Worth special says: The large railway hospital of tbe Gould system burned to the ground this morning. Tbe patients in the hospital were all safely removed by the firemen and sent to tierialia tonight. Loss $30,000, insurance $25,000. Strike Settled. St. Louis, April 20. The trouble at tbe Wabash railroad ebons at Moberly. Mo.. m understood to have been satisfactorily settled, and tbe men return to work tomorrow and traffic on the road will be fully resumed. Local and Uaneral. The Vandalia is going to adopt the Westinghouse pneumatic train signal. - The Indiana Association of Train Dis patchers meets at Terre Haute, May 10. A. G. Barker, general ticket agent of the Chicago and Northwestern, was in the city iriday. A steam shovel and three graver trains are busy ballasting the St. Louis division of the Bee Line. The freight agents interested in the Chicago and Ohio River pool, meet at Indianapolis Thursday. G. II. Hagans of Chicago has been appointed assistant city ticket agent of the Panhandle at Indianapolis. A good conception of the commercial importance of Columbus can be had in a visit to the large freight depots of the city. Tbey are busy places. Tbe New York Senate has passed a bill requiring the railway commission to certify the necessity or public utility of a projected railway before a charter ia granted. The three Columbus lodges of the Patriotic Sons of America closed a contract with Jerry Bliss for an excursion to the Dayton Soldiers' home the latter part of next month. D. L. Wei's, formerly of the Baltimore and Ohio offices here, but now of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad, is at the Exchange, having spent Sunday with friends here. The Baltimore and Ohio has purchased a road called the Schuylkill lttver East Side railway, and thus obtained right of way into Philadelphia. By connection with the Bound Brook route a through line is secured to New York. Joe Webb, traveling passenger agent of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, who is in the Northwest on business, was notified Friday ot tbe arrival of a son and heir at his residence, 2(3 Spiuce street. The trunk pool commissioners are making but little headway in removing tbe opposition of the Pennsylvania Company to the continuance of the pool, and as the Chicago and Grand Trunk is also disaffected it looks as if the trunk pool will go after May 1. Sutherland M. Prevost, superintendent of the Pennsylvania divieion of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, bas bfen appointed general superintendent of transportation, with headquarters at Philadelphia. Superintendent Robert E. Pettit of the New York division becomes general superintendent, with his office at Altoona, being succeeded by Joseph A. Crawford, now superintendent of the West Jersey and Camden and Atlantic branches. Ilia place is taken by A. G. Dayton, superintendent of motive power of the Philadelphia and Erie and Northern Central. The appointments take effect on May 1. The resignation of John Keillyon account of ill health, ho for twenty years past has been superintendent of transportation, has been accepted. Every move of the Pennsylvania people makes it mora apparent that Uiey propose to take all tbe benefits tbat can be derived from their direct lines and superior equipments. The Pennsylvania people take the ground that when a railroad company go to tbe heavy expense of constructing as near as possible a perfect road bd and then placing upon it superior rolling stork and make fast lime, they should not be asked to allow a differential rate to an interior competitor. There are railroad officials who fear that the stand tbe Pennsylvania people have taken regarding differential rates will lead to a war on paaaenger rates. The same persons, however, admit that, were they in the position the Pennsylvania road ia, tbey would lake the stanie stand. Indinnapolu Journal. A Crowd of Hoodlums. Last night a gang of t.uug men were going down Goodale street making a terrible noise aud stirring ui things gener- ally, and when Officer Butterwick remon- strated with them, they turned and began to assault him with bricks aud stones. He defended himself with his mace and succeeded In laving out one of the gang named Archie Burr. The rest started to run, but after going some distance they halted, and Barr, who had regained his feet, slipped up luehiud Butterwick and hurled a stone at his head. A few taps from the mace quieted him and the rest of the crowd escaped. Butterwick took his man down to the Flowers engine-house, and summoning Officers Keeb and Kennedy had them take charge of the man while he started out after the rest They skipped out, followed by two hpts from tbe officer's pistol. Theae men belong to a gang that infest this district, and the officer says he will break it up if it takes him all summer. A Brace of Fires. A. Beck & Son's hide and tallow worki were damaged by fire, Saturday nigty, to the extent of SvSOO. The origin of the fire is unknown. The loss is covered by insurance. A valuable Scotch terrier belonging to Mr. Beck was suffocated by the smoke. , Some oil took fire last night in a lamp at the house occupied by J. B. Skelton, 20 Walnut street, aud the department was summoned to witness iu dying flicker. i l i" A i I h .1