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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Vector insertion, resulting in transcriptional activation of proto-oncogenes, played a role in the development of lymphoidleukemia in an X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency trial, and caused myeloid clonal dominance in a trial for chronic granulomatous disease.

These events have raised the question of whether gene therapy for other disorders such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease may hold a similar risk.

This rate was higher than that observed for a lentiviral vector containing a viral long-terminal repeat (LTR).

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[Title] [Nephromegaly: as unusual presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an infant].

Nephromegaly in infancy may be due to several causes, being the most relevant: renal polycystic autosomic recessive disease, venous renal thrombosis, deposit diseases, kidney tumors, nephrotic congenital syndrome and neoplastic infiltration.

Although renal infiltration is relatively frequent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, nephromegaly is an unusual form of presentation in this pathology.

The case of a four-year-old patient, who presents bilateral nephromegaly and pancytopenia, is presented.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Maternal diet and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young children.

Because leukemia clone-specific chromosomal abnormalities are present at birth in children who later develop leukemia, it has been hypothesized that maternal factors, including nutrition during pregnancy, might affect the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) among young children.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults in Finland.

BACKGROUND: Interest has recently been paid to adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, particularly because all reports so far published indicate that these patients have a better outcome when treated with pediatric rather than adult therapeutic protocols.

There are different biological subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with distinct features and prognoses; the distribution of these subtypes is not well known among adolescents.

We, therefore, studied acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults aged 10 to 25 years in Finland.

DESIGN AND METHODS: This population-based study included 225 consecutive patients aged 10-25 years diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during 1990-2004.

One hundred and twenty-eight patients (10-16 years) were treated with pediatric Nordic (NOPHO) protocols, and 97 patients (17-25 years) with Finnish Leukemia Group National protocols.

Patients with inferior outcome were those with a white blood cell count >or= 100 x 10(9)/L, the Philadelphia chromosome and MLL.

CONCLUSIONS: Unlike all previous studies, we found that the outcome of adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with pediatric or adult therapeutic protocols was comparable.

The success of the adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy emphasizes the benefit of central referral of patients to academic centers and adherence to research protocols.

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Poland

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)].

In the past few decades, the results of treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have achieved about 80% long-term disease-free survival (DFS).

Especially, the disease with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL has been considered to have a poor prognosis.

Recently, the selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL kinase, imatinib, showed significant efficacy in the treatment of Ph+ALL, and imatinib-combined chemotherapy for Ph+ALL is expected to improve the prognosis of this disease.

The current available treatment to prevent recurrence of the disease is allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (HST), if there is an HLA-matched donor.

For patients without donor or older than 50, novel biologic or targeted therapies are warranted, and early detection of minimal residual disease may also change strategies and improve the outcome of this disease.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the jaw.

This case report describes the clinical case of relapse of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the jaw of a 19-year-old female patient who presented with facial swelling, sensory disturbances of the face, and teeth mobility 10 months after a successful allogenic bone marrow transplant.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A phase II study of the tolerability and activity of weekly vincristine sulfate liposomes injection (VSLI) in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in second relapse or progressing following two antileukemia treatment lines.

This international, multicenter, single-arm study will enroll approximately 56 subjects.

This population typically has a very low response rate to anti-leukemia therapies.

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(PMID = 27961424.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

Recent reports have described clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in the MSC of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients.

After 3-4 non-stimulated cell culture passages, the karyotype was analyzed in 5-40 metaphase cells from each subject Abnormalities were considered clonal using the accepted convention of the same chromosomal gain or rearrangement in 2 or more cells or loss in at least 3 cells.

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(PMID = 27963169.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

The most frequent somatic copy number alteration was deletion on 7p12 of IKZF1 (68/106, 64%), which encodes the transcription factor Ikaros required for the earliest stages of lymphoid lineage commitment.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: The PPTP includes a molecularly characterized in vitro panel of cell lines (n = 27) and in vivo panel of xenografts (n = 60) representing most of the common types of childhood solid tumors and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

CONCLUSIONS: IV infusion of autologous Ad-ISF35-transduced CLL cells can induce de novo, systemic expression of death receptors and Bid on bystander CLL cells, which is associated with enhanced sensitivity of P53-defective CLL to the cytotoxic effects of standard chemotherapy [Table: see text].

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(PMID = 27963590.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] A study of the prevalence and type of anemia in lymphoid malignancies.

: e19556 Background: Anemia is a common and serious problem in patients with lymphoid malignancy.

METHODS: Newly diagnosed patients of lymphoid malignancy- non Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkins lymphoma (HL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) aged more than 15 years without renal failure and who had not received blood transfusion, iron, folic acid or vitamin B complex in the last 2 weeks were analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS: Although anemia of chronic disease is the most common cause of anemia in patients with lymphoid malignancy, it is multifactorial in a large number of patients and hence it is important to rule out other causes of anemia like nutritional and AIHA in these patients.

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(PMID = 27961090.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

Two of 6 patients attained partial response and 4 have stable disease.

Partial responses were observed after 2 cycles of 50 mg in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma with 6 prior therapies, and after 1 cycle of 100 mg in a patient with follicular lymphoma with 6 prior therapies, including autologous stem cell transplant.

Disease specific cohort expansion will occur at the maximally tolerated dose, and patients with AML will be added.

CONCLUSIONS: Early results from a phase 1 study of the oral PI3K p110δ inhibitor CAL-101 show that it is well tolerated and has preliminary clinical activity in patients with B-cell malignancies.

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(PMID = 27961357.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

METHODS: Seven NCCCP sites utilized the log during the 60 day open accrual period for the Wake Forrest WFU 07-02-03 cancer control trial (chronic lymphocytic leukemia COLD- fX) in Novermber 2008 and December 2008.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The purpose of this phase I trial was to define the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of pemetrexed given with vitamin supplementation to patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia.

METHODS: Patients ≥15 years of age were enrolled with relapsed or refractory leukemia, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2, adequate renal and hepatic function, and life expectancy of ≥6 weeks.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We and our many collaborators are pursuing candidate gene and whole genome approaches to this end, studying children enrolled on front-line ALL protocols at St. Jude and through the Children's Oncology Group.

Based on these studies, candidate gene genotyping has been already incorporated into the treatment of childhood ALL and integrated with electronic medical records at St. Jude to optimize use of a few medications.

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(PMID = 27962369.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

: 2580 Background: A phase I study of flavopiridol, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, using an alternative schedule was conducted in pts with solid tumors given its promising activity in pts with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Time to leukemia (TTL) was analyzed for each patient sample as time from transplant to overt leukemia in the recipients.

METHODS: Gene expression profiles of ALL samples (N = 14) with short versus long TTL in the xenograft model were analyzed using a human whole genome array (Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0) correlating gene expression values (relative expression) to the time from transplant to manifestation of leukemia in the NOD/SCID mice (TTL, in weeks) by quantitative traits analysis (QTA).

Patient samples exhibiting a short time to overt leukemia in the xenotransplant model associated with poor relapse free survival showed down-regulated XAF1 and impaired caspase-3 activation leading to decreased apoptosis of the leukemia cells.

CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we used a novel approach directly correlating gene expression values to time from transplant to overt leukemia (TTL) identifying the apoptosis regulator XAF1 to be associated with poor outcome of patients.

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(PMID = 27962468.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Publication of the French-American-British classification 34 years ago resulted in acceptance that morphology and cytochemistry separated AL into two different diseases, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), that required separate treatment.

During the next 15-20 years the importance of cytogenetics in dissecting ALL and AML into entities requiring different therapies became widely accepted, resulting in 2001 in their first incorporation into the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of AL.

The most striking example of increased curability of AL is acute promyelocytic leukemia, in which targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy has increased survival from a 2-week median to an 80% cure rate.

Recognition of increased sensitivity of a genetic subtype of AML to high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) has increased the cure rate of core-binding factor (CBF) AML from <10%-25% to 55%-60%.

Among adult de novo AML 40%-45% are cytogenetically normal (CN); the striking molecular heterogeneity of CN-AML is now being recognized and promises to allow individualized approaches that improve substantially upon the current cure rate of 40%.

New approaches to studying the leukemia genome and epigenome should improve our understanding of AL heterogeneity, identify new therapeutic targets, and allow the cure of most patients.

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(PMID = 27962366.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Prevalence and therapeutic relationships of pericardial effusions in patients with leukemia.

: 7067 Background: Little is known regarding the prevalence and natural history of pericardial disease in patients with leukemia.

To study this issue, we retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of patients with leukemia, who were evaluated at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), to determine the prevalence, timing, and characteristics of PEf in leukemia.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

: 7049 Since the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) enzyme can target non-immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and may even act as a genome-wide mutator, we investigated AID expression in BCR-ABL1-positive ALL and in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at the time of progression to blast crisis.

On the 61 de novo adult BCR-ABL1-positive ALL patients (pts), AID mRNA and protein were detected in 36 (59%); their expression correlated with BCR-ABL1 transcript levels and disappeared after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors at the time of remission.

AID expression was also found in lymphoid blast crisis CML (50%), but not in myeloid lineage or in chronic phase CML.

Our findings show that BCR-ABL1-positive ALL cells aberrantly express different isoforms of AID that can act as mutator outside the Ig gene loci in promoting genetic instability in leukemia cells.

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(PMID = 27961429.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

: e14623 Background: Notch signaling is an evolutionary-conserved pathway in vertebrates and invertebrates which is involved many developmental processes, including cell fate decisions, apoptosis, proliferation, and stem-cell self renewal.

Increasing evidence suggests that the Notch signaling pathway is frequently up regulated in many forms of cancer including acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, cervical, prostate, lung, breast and others.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

: 7028 Background: The major mechanism underlying imatinib resistance in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is clonal expansion of leukemic cells with point mutations in the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase.

We describe three novel ABL premature termination mutations leading to BCR-ABL truncation in leukemia patients with multidrug (imatinib/nilotinib/dasatinib) resistance.

Total nucleic acids were purified and subjected to two rounds of PCR analysis, with the first PCR designed to eliminate amplification of the wild-type, non-translocated ABL gene.

HL60 cells (a Ph-negative myeloid leukemia cell line) and peripheral blood of healthy subjects were used as negative controls; a human CML cell line (K562) was used as a positive control.

RESULTS: We identified an exon 7 deletion in three CML patients, a 4-nt insertion (908insCAGG) near the exon 5/6 junction in one CML case, and an exon 6 point mutation (997C>T) in one patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

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(PMID = 27961401.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

: 10046 Background: Acute Lymphatic Leukemia is a curable disease in the range of 80 - 90% in developed countries by aggressive protocol like BFM, St. Judes' but result is much less in adolescence age group (60-70%).

In a follow-up period of 24 - 88 months (with an average of 54 months) the disease-free survival ( DFS) was 42 (56%) patients with an overall survival of 46 (61.34%) patients.

The major cause of the mortality was infection 18% (24.0% patients) followed progressive disease 9 (12.0%) and hemorrhage 2 (2.7%).

CONCLUSIONS: The data of acute lymphatic leukemia in adolescent is not satisfactory as compared to other pediatric patients.

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(PMID = 27962472.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

[Title] Effect of CD37 small modular immuno-pharmaceutical (SMIP) on direct apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells via transcriptional up-regulation of the BH3 family member BIM.

METHODS: Given the superior in vitro apoptosis observed with CD37<sup>SMIP</sup> treatment and early clinical activity observed in highly refractory CLL patients, we hypothesized that a unique mechanism of cell killing was utilized by CD37<sup>SMIP</sup>.

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(PMID = 27962079.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

Ofatumumab (OFA) is a fully human mAb that targets a unique small-loop epitope of CD20 close to the cell surface and elicits more potent in vitro complement-dependent cytotoxicity of B-cell lines and tumor cells vs rituximab (RTX).

To determine whether prior RTX exposure impacted activity of OFA in pts with DR or BFR CLL, an analysis was performed to assess efficacy by prior RTX exposure in pts treated with OFA in an international, pivotal study.

(2) is the inventor of a unique technology or treatment being evaluated in the clinical trial; or (3) is involved in international clinical oncology research and has acted consistently with recognized international standards of ethics in the conduct of clinical research.

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(PMID = 27961407.001).

[ISSN] 1527-7755

[Journal-full-title] Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

Patients with overgrowth syndromes have an increased frequency of tumors; the risk in Sotos syndrome patients has been estimated to be about 2-3%, with leukemia and lymphoma accounting for 44% of the malignancies.

We report on a 4(1/2)-year-old girl with typical Weaver syndrome who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, an association not previously reported, and review the reported cases of Weaver syndrome patients who developed malignancies.

While the presence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in our patient might be incidental, we cannot exclude a possible causative association between Weaver syndrome and hematologic malignancy.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older patients.

Although the median age for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is older than 60 years, relatively few of these patients have been enrolled on prospective clinical trials.

The presence of coexisting medical disorders and unfavorable cytogenetic and biologic disease characteristics within this population presents considerable challenges for successful treatment using conventional chemotherapy programs.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

We report our experience over the last seventeen years (1985-2002) of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children at the University of Liege Pediatric Department of Hematogy-Oncology (CHU-Sart Tilman and CHR-Citadelle).

The 5 years over all survival and the disease free survival for the entire group are respectively 83% and 79%.

Transgenic TEL-AML1 mice have failed to develop leukemia.

Since then, childhood leukemia has almost unchangeable incidence.

TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS: Epidemiological survey for leukemia cases among "exemptors" and unvaccinated cases among ALL children should be done.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS: If there is no leukemia among the "exemptors", no unvaccinated among ALL, and some mice develop leukemia upon vaccination childhood leukemia will be prevented by massive neonatal screening for leukemogenic genetics and/or with a new vaccination schedule.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Within the frame of a twinning programme with Nicaragua, The La Mascota project, we evaluated in our study the contribution of cytogenetic characterization of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as prognostic factor compared to clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical parameters.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy of the bone marrow characterized by the rapid proliferation and subsequent accumulation of immature lymphocytes.

ALL accounts for 20% of all acute leukemias that are seen in adults over the age of 20 years.

In the past 2 decades, there has been substantial improvement in the understanding of the molecular biology of the disease and in the management of adult patients who have this disorder, including allogeneic transplantation This article reviews the biology of adult ALL, the relationship of specific disease characteristics to the natural history of the disease and the role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in the management of adult patients with this disease.

[Number-of-references] 120

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults.

Age at diagnosis remains one of the strongest prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with older patients having inferior outcomes compared with younger patients.

Compared with younger children with ALL, AYAs are more likely to present with unfavorable presenting characteristics (such as high presenting leukocyte counts, T-cell phenotype, and the Philadelphia chromosome).

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Evolving paradigms in the therapy of Philadelphia-chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults.

Important studies challenging previous approaches to the treatment of adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have emerged in the past decade.

Donor versus no donor comparisons of allogeneic transplant highlight a potent graft-versus-leukemia effect in ALL, and the application of reduced-intensity conditioning transplants may exploit this effect while reducing non-relapse mortality.

New therapeutic targets such as mutations in NOTCH1 in T-cell ALL and CD22 in pre-B ALL are being exploited in clinical trials.

The application of molecular techniques and flow cytometry to quantitate minimal residual disease will allow further stratification of patients by risk.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

This report describes a 12-year-old boy with recurrent orbital pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and reviews the literature on the incidence, presentation, prognosis, and management of orbital tumors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Early diagnosis and treatment of orbital acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a multidisciplinary approach is essential to minimize or prevent deterioration of vision and optimize clinical outcomes.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Differences in survival have been reported between pediatric and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The inferior prognosis in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia is not fully understood but could be attributed, in part, to differences in genomic alterations found in adult as compared to in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared two different sets of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping data from 75 new diagnostic adult and 399 previously published diagnostic pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia samples.

RESULTS: The high density single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis of 75 samples of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia led to the identification of numerous cryptic and submicroscopic genomic lesions with a mean of 7.6 genomic alterations per sample.

Some differences between adult and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia were identified when the pediatric data set was partitioned into hyperdiploid and non-hyperdiploid cases and then compared to the nearly exclusively non-hyperdiploid adult samples.

CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases led to the identification of new potential target lesions relevant for the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

However, no unequivocal pattern of submicroscopic genomic alterations was found to separate adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia from pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Therefore, apart from different therapy regimen, differences of prognosis between adult and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia are probably based on genetic subgroups according to cytogenetically detectable lesions but not focal genomic copy number microlesions.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Deletion of chromosome 9p21 is a crucial event for the development of several cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

We have cloned 23 breakpoint junctions for a total of 46 breakpoints in 17 childhood ALL (9 B- and 8 T-lineages) showing different size deletions at one or both homologous chromosomes 9 to investigate which particular sequences make the region susceptible to interstitial deletion.

We found that half of 9p21 deletion breakpoints were mediated by ectopic V(D)J recombination mechanisms whereas the remaining half were associated to repeated sequences, including some with potential for non-B DNA structure formation.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Although the outcomes for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lag behind the stunningly successful results seen in children, new paradigms and new discoveries bring hope that this disparity will steadily lessen.

Recent donor-versus-no-donor comparisons in the allogeneic transplant setting highlight a potent graft-versus-leukemia effect in ALL, and the application of reduced intensity conditioning transplants may exploit this effect while reducing nonrelapse mortality.

New therapeutic targets, such as CD22 in precusor B-cell ALL and mutations in NOTCH1 in T-cell ALL, are being exploited in clinical trials.

Finally, use of molecular techniques and flow cytometry to quantitate minimal residual disease will allow further stratifications of patients by risk, identification of new therapeutic targets and will lessen drug toxicity through the use of pharmacogenomics.

[Title] In vivo control of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides.

The administration of CpG ODNs induced a significant reduction in systemic leukemia burden, mediated continued disease control, and significantly improved survival of mice with established human ALL.

The death of leukemia cells in vivo was independent of the ability of ALL cells to respond directly to CpG ODNs and correlated with the production of IL-12p70, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma by the host.

This antileukemia effect was not limited to the xenograft model because natural killer cell-dependent killing of ALL by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also increased by CpG ODN stimulation.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The pattern of infections in the first years of life modulates our immune system, and a low incidence of infections has been linked to an increased risk of common childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Immunophenotyping characteristics of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in different ages].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunophenotyping characteristics of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients in groups of different ages.

The results indicated that (1) all the 82 cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) expressed CD7 (100%) while the positive rate of CD2 remarkably decreased with aging.

Moreover, there were significant differences of the myeloid antigen (MyAg) and CD13 expression between the older adults and younger adults (p < 0.05). (2) As to adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the positive rates of CD19 and HLA-DR in 178 cases were 100%; the positive rate of CD33 in young adults was significant higher than that in adolescents (p < 0.05), the differences of the other marker expressions failed to reach statistical significance in adult B-ALL patients.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hypereosinophilia and 9p21 deletion: case report and review of the literature.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with eosinophilia is very rare, with approximately 44 reported cases.

We are reporting this case not only because of the rarity of ALL with peripheral blood eosinophilia, but also because we observed a homozygous deletion of the 9p21 locus corresponding to the p16 gene, a cytogenetic abnormality that was not reported in other documented cases.

It is very important for clinicians to be aware of this specific manifestation of ALL within the context of a persistent peripheral eosinophilia, particularly if no lymphoblasts are present in the peripheral blood.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term effects of treatment on the body mass index (BMI) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic lymphoma who received one of three CNS-directed therapies: intrathecal methotrexate with intravenous high-dose methotrexate (1 g/m2), intrathecal methotrexate with 18 Gy cranial radiation, or intrathecal methotrexate with 24 Gy cranial radiation.

The heights and weights of 422 of the children were measured at diagnosis, during treatment, at the end of therapy, and approximately every 6 to 12 months thereafter.

Young age (< 6 years) and overweight/obesity at diagnosis were the best predictors of obesity at adult height.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic cranial irradiation has been a standard treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are at high risk for central nervous system (CNS) relapse.

Treatment intensity was based on presenting features and the level of minimal residual disease after remission-induction treatment.

CNS leukemia (CNS-3 status) or a traumatic lumbar puncture with blast cells at diagnosis and a high level of minimal residual disease (> or = 1%) after 6 weeks of remission induction were significantly associated with poorer event-free survival.

Risk factors for CNS relapse included the genetic abnormality t(1;19)(TCF3-PBX1), any CNS involvement at diagnosis, and T-cell immunophenotype.

We investigated the significance for differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome of musculoskeletal complaints as presenting symptoms of ALL, and their correlation with leukemia immunophenotypes, for which data is lacking.

Statistical analysis examined possible relationships between MSM at the time of diagnosis and demographic and clinical data, biological features of leukemia (peripheral blood counts, immunophenotype and main cytogenetic aberration), response to initial prednisone treatment, and outcome.

Among these children, B cell precursor (BCP) was much more common (209/576, 36.3%) than T cell ALL (25/176, 14.2%).

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Fifty-one parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a tertiary care hospital in Indonesia were interviewed about their perception of side effects and their impact on treatment noncompliance and daily activities.

During chemotherapy, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients suffered from psychological as well as physical side effects.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of applying oligonucleotide microarrays for detection of the fusion genes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

The total RNAs were extracted from patients' bone marrow or peripheral blood cells at the beginning of diagnosis, analyzed by multiplex nested reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and labeled by fluorescein.

The products of RT-PCR were hybridized with microarray in order to detect specific types of fusion genes in leukemia cells.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Chromosomal abnormalities are found in 80-90% of childhood cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Leukemia-specific chromosome aberrations not only have prognostic value, but also provide important clues for further investigation into leukogenesis, leukemic cell transformation, and proliferation.

This study used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques to detect transcripts of the leukemia-specific chromosome fusion gene, TEL/AML1, and to monitor the expression levels of the TEL-AML1 fusion transcript in ALL patients at sequential intervals during their treatment course.

Blotting analysis of the levels of the TEL-AML1 fusion transcript was used to detect minimal residual disease.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The hallmark of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a progressive appearance of malignant cell behavior that is triggered by the evolution of altered gene function.

ALL has traditionally been viewed as a genetic disease; however, epigenetic defects also play an important role.

Hypermethylation may contribute to the pathogenesis of leukemias providing an alternative route to gene mutation.

We have reported that gene methylation in ALL cells is the most important way to inactivate cancer-related genes in this disease.

The presence in individual tumors of multiple genes simultaneously methylated is an independent factor of poor prognosis in both childhood and adult ALL in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

This article presents the findings of qualitative research exploring the psycho-social effects of corticosteroid use in pediatric hematology patients during continuation therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

The findings are from a 5-year longitudinal study that documented the experience of treatment for childhood leukemia and related disorders from the perspective of the child patient and their family from the point of diagnosis to 1 year post-treatment.