w
a
y
7. Turn at a “T” intersection
from a one-way street into a
two-way street. Throughtraffic
has the right-of-way. You may
turneitherrightorleftfromthe
centerlane.Watchforvehicles,
motorcyclists, and bicyclists
insideyourturn.
7
legal u-turns
A U-turn is turning your vehicle
aroundinthestreettogobackthe
wayyoucame.TomakeaU-turn,
signalandusethefarleftlaneorthe
centerleftturnlane.Youmaymake
alegalU-turn:
• Acrossadoubleyellowlinewhen
itissafeandlegal.
• Inaresidentialdistrict:
-38-
– If there are no vehicles ap-
proachingyouwithin200feet.
– Wheneveratrafficsign,light,
or signal protects you from
approachingvehicles.
• Atanintersectiononagreenlight
orgreenarrow,unlessa“NoU-
turn”signisposted.
• Onadividedhighway,onlyifan
openingisprovidedinthecenter
divider.
illegal u-turns
NevermakeaU-turn:
• Atoronarailroadcrossing.
• Onadividedhighwaybycrossing
adividingsection,curb,stripof
land, or two sets of double yel-
lowlines.
• Whereyoucannotseeclearly200
feetineachdirectionbecauseof
a curve, hill, rain, fog, or other
reason.
• Where a “No U-Turn” sign is
posted.
• Whenothervehiclesmayhityou.
• Onaone-waystreet.
• In front of a fire station. Never
useafirestationdrivewaytoturn
yourvehiclearound.
• Inbusinessdistricts.Areaswith
churches, apartments, multiple
dwellinghouses,clubs,andpublic
buildings (except schools) are
also considered to be business
districts. Turn only at an inter-
section or where openings are
providedforturns.
pArKinG
parking on a hill
Whenyoupark:
• Onaslopingdriveway,turnthe
wheelssothevehiclewillnotroll
intothestreetifthebrakesfail.
• Headeddownhill,turnyourfront
wheelsintothecurbortowardthe
sideoftheroad.Settheparking
brake.
• Headed uphill, turn your front
wheels away from the curb and
let your vehicle roll back a few
inches.Thewheelshouldgently
touch the curb. Set the parking
brake.
• Headedeitheruphillordownhill
when there is no curb, turn the
wheels so the vehicle will roll
awayfromthecenteroftheroad
ifthebrakesfail.
Alwayssetyourparkingbrakeand
leave the vehicle in gear or in the
“park”position.
down hill up hill no curb-up hill
or down hill
parking at coloreD curBs
Paintedcoloredcurbshavethefol-
lowingspecialparkingrules:
White–Stop only long enough to
pick up or drop off passengers or
mail.
-39-
Green–Parkforalimitedtime.Look
forapostedsignnexttothegreen
zone for time limits, or locate the
timelimitpaintedonthecurb.
Yellow–Stopnolongerthanthetime
postedtoloadorunloadpassengers
orfreight.Driversofnoncommercial
vehiclesareusuallyrequiredtostay
withthevehicle.
Red–Nostopping,standing,orpark-
ing.(Busesmaystopataredzone
markedforbuses.)
blue–Parking is permit-
ted only for a disabled
personoradriverofadis-
abledpersonwhodisplays
aplacardoraspeciallicenseplate
for disabled persons or disabled
veterans. Disabled people with a
placardorspecialplatesmayparkin
specialareasforunlimitedperiods
oftime,regardlessoftimerestric-
tions.Nooneotherthanadisabled
personoradriverofadisabledper-
sonmayparkthere.Acrosshatched
(diagonal lines) area adjacenttoa
designateddisabledparkingspace
isano parkingarea.Qualifiedper-
sonsmayapplyatanyDMVoffice
orvisittheDMVwebsiteatwww.
dmv.ca.govtoobtainaformfora
parking placard or special plates.
An identification card will be is-
suedtoholdersofdisabledperson
ordisabledveteranlicenseplates.
Example of crosshatched
(diagonal lines) area
NOTE:Placardabuseresultsinthe
loss of special parking privileges.
Itisalsoamisdemeanorandpun-
ishable by a fine of up to $1,000,
imprisonmentincountyjailforup
tosixmonths,orboth.
Examplesofplacardabuse:
• Usingaplacardafterithasbeen
reportedlostorstolenwithoutre-
portingthattheplacardwasfound.
• Loaningyourplacardtofriendsor
familymembers(disabledornot).
• Interchanging placards with
friendsorfamilymembers.
• Usingaplacardwhenthepersonit
wasissuedtoisnotinthevehicle
withyou(disabledchild,family
member,disabledemployer,etc.).
• Usingadeceasedperson’splac-
ard.
-40-
illegal parking
Neverparkorleaveyourvehicle:
• Where a “No Parking” sign is
posted.
• On a marked or unmarked
crosswalk, sidewalk, partially
blocking a sidewalk, or in front
ofadriveway.
• Within three feet of a sidewalk
ramp for disabled persons or in
frontoforonacurbthatprovides
wheelchairaccesstoasidewalk.
• In a disabled person parking
space,unless youaredisabledand
displayaplacardorspecialplates.
• Inthespacenexttoadisabledper-
sonparkingspace,ifitispainted
inacrosshatched(diagonal)pat-
tern(CVC§22507.8).
• Inaspacedesignatedforparking
orfuelingzero-emissionvehicles
which display an identifying
decal.
• Inatunneloronabridge,except
wherepermittedbysigns.
• Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant
orafirestationdriveway.
• Onorwithin7
1
/2feetofarailroad
track.
• Between a safety zone and the
curb.
• “Double parked.” (Parking in
thestreetwhenalllegalparking
placesatthecurbaretaken.)
• Onthewrongsideofthestreet.
• Ataredcurb.
• Onafreeway,except:
– Inanemergency,or
– When an officer or device
requiresastop,or
– Where a stop is specifically
permitted. A vehicle (even
if disabled) that is stopped,
parked, or left standing on
a freeway for more than
four hours may be removed
(CVC§22651(f)).
NOTE: If you must stop on a
freeway, park completely off the
pavementandstayinyourvehicle
with the doors locked until help
arrives. Leave enough space for
other vehicles to freely pass by
your vehicle.Your vehicle should
be visible for at least 200 feet in
eachdirection.
special parking rules
• Whenyouparkalongsideacurb
on a level street, the front and
back wheels must be parallel
andwithin18inchesofthecurb.
Parkparalleltothestreetifthere
isnocurb.
• Never leave your vehicle until
youhavestoppedtheengineand
settheparkingbrake.
• Do not open the driver’s side
doorunlessitissafeandyoudo
not interfere with traffic. Look
carefully for passing vehicles,
bicyclists,andmotorcyclists.Do
notleavethedooropenanylonger
thannecessary.
-41-
Page left
intentionally
blank
Page left
intentionally
blank
ExprEss yoursElf!
Signaling can save lives.
Visit dmv.ca.gov for the
California Driver Handbook
sAfe DrivinG
prActices
signaling
Always signal to other drivers,
motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pe-
destrianswhenyouplantoturnleft,
right, slow down, or stop. Signals
may be given by hand-and-arm
positionsorbyusingthevehicle’s
signallights.Ifbrightsunlightmakes
thesignallightshardtosee,alsouse
hand-and-armsignals.
Motorcyclistsoftenusehandsignals
to make themselves more visible.
Bicyclistsmaygiverightturn-sig-
nalswiththeirrightarmheldstraight
out,pointingright.
Always signal—this lets other
drivers, bicylists, and pedestrians
knowyourplans.
Signal:
• When making a left or right
turn,duringthelast100feetbe-
fore reaching the turning point.
Caution!—Even though you
RIGHT TURN
SLOW or STOP
LEFT TURN
signal, do not automatically as-
sumethatthespaceyouwantto
occupyisclear.
• Beforeeverylanechangecheck
your mirrors, look over your
shoulder, and check your blind
spotbeforechanginglanes.
• Atleastfivesecondsbeforeyou
changelanesonafreeway.
• Beforepullingnexttothecurbor
awayfromthecurb.
• Whenyouchangedirections.
• Evenwhenyoudonotseeother
vehicles.Avehicleyoudonotsee
maysuddenlyappearandhityou.
Ifyouplantoturnbeyondaninter-
section,startsignalingwhenyouare
intheintersection.Ifyousignaltoo
early,theotherdrivermaythinkyou
plantoturnintotheintersectionand
heorshemaypulloutinfrontofyou.
Remember to cancel your signal
afterturning.
Steering
Steering Control–Modernvehicles
require very little steering to turn.
Lookatthesteeringwheelasaclock
faceandplaceyourhandsat9and3
o’clockorslightlylowerat8and4
o’clock.Thesearethedesiredhand
positionsthatreducethepossibility
ofturningthewheeltoosharply.
Toreduceforearmandhandinjuries,
yourhandsshouldbeplacedonthe
lowerhalfofthesteeringwheel,with
yourknucklesontheoutsideofthe
wheel, and your thumbs stretched
alongtherimofthesteeringwheel.
-45-
Pull-Push Steering–Usepull-push
steeringformostturningmaneuvers.
Putyourhandsinthe8and4o’clock
positions.Pulldownwithonehand
andpushupwiththeother.Thisre-
sultsinsmoothsteeringandreduces
thepotentialforoversteering,which
canleadtolossofcontrol.Keepyour
handsandthumbsontheoutsideof
thewheel.
Hand-Over-Hand Steering–Use
hand-over-hand steering when
steering movements are critical,
suchaswhen:
• Parking.
• Performingsharprightturns.
• Correctingaskid.
Use quick movements on entry to
the maneuver, and then use slow,
smoothmovementswhenstraight-
eningthewheel.
One-Hand Steering–Useone-hand
steeringfor:
• Backing maneuvers that do not
requirefullleftorrightturns,or
• When operating vehicle con-
trols for information, safety, or
comfort.
Steeringerrorsaredirectlyrelated
tovisionerrors.
scanning
Scanningyoursurroundings(keep-
ing your eyes moving) includes
keepingasafedistancearoundyour
vehicle.Whenanotherdrivermakes
amistake,youneedtimetoreact.
Giveyourselfthistimebykeepinga
“spacecushion”onallsidesofyour
vehicle.Thisspacecushionwillgive
youroomtobrakeormaneuverif
youneedthespace.
Know What Is Ahead
To avoid last minute moves, look
downtheroad10–15secondsahead
ofyourvehiclesoyoucanseehaz-
ardsearly.Constantlystaringatthe
road just in front of your vehicle
is dangerous. As you scan ahead,
be alert for vehicles around you.
Where is the green vehicle headed?
Use your mirrors. Allow enough
spacebetweenyouandthevehicle
ahead to give yourself an “out.”
Mistakes cause collisions. In the
city, 10–15 seconds is about one
block.Onthehighway,10–15sec-
onds is about a quarter of a mile.
Take in the whole scene–If you
onlylookatthemiddleoftheroad,
youwillmisswhatishappeningon
thesideoftheroadandbehindyou.
Scanninghelpsyoutosee:
• Carsandpeoplethatmaybeinthe
roadbythetimeyoureachthem.
-46-
• Signswarningofproblemsahead.
• Signsgivingyoudirections.
The shaded areas are your blind spots.
Before changing lanes, look into
your rear view mirror for nearby
vehiclesandalsooveryourshoulder
tocheckforblindspots.Blindspots
canhideamotorcyclist,avehicleor
abicyclist.Watchforthingsabout
to happen, like a ball rolling into
thestreetoravehicledooropening.
Watch for hazards–Lookbeyond
thevehicleaheadofyou.Donotde-
velopa“fixedstare.”Keepscanning.
Checkyourrearviewmirrorsevery
two–fivesecondssoyouknowthe
positionofvehiclesnearyou.
Onthefreeway,bereadyforchanges
in traffic conditions. Watch for
signalsfrom other drivers. Expect
merging vehicles at on-ramps and
interchanges.Bepreparedforrapid
changesinroadconditionsandtraf-
ficflow.Knowwhichlanesareclear
soyoucanusethemifnecessary.
do not be a tailgater! Manydriv-
ersdonotseeasfaraheadasthey
should because they follow too
closely (tailgate), and the vehicle
aheadblockstheirview.
Themorespaceyouallowbetween
yourvehicleandthevehicleahead,
themoretimeyouwillhavetoseea
hazardandstoporavoidthathazard.
Mostrearendcollisionsarecaused
bytailgating.Toavoidtailgating,use
the“three-secondrule.”Whenthe
vehicleaheadofyoupassesacertain
point such as a sign, count “one-
thousand-one, one-thousand-two,
one-thousand-three.” This takes
aboutthreeseconds.Ifyoupassthe
samepointbeforeyoufinishcount-
ing,youarefollowingtooclosely.
Youshouldallowafour-secondor
morecushionwhen:
• Being crowded by a tailgater.
Allow extra room ahead, do
not brake suddenly. Slow down
graduallyormergeintoanother
lane to prevent being hit from
behindbythetailgater!
• Drivingonslipperyroads.
• Following motorcyclists on wet
or icy roads, on metal surfaces
(e.g., bridge gratings, railroad
tracks,etc.),andongravel.Mo-
torcyclistscanfallmoreeasilyon
thesesurfaces.
• The driver behind you wants to
pass.Allowroominfrontofyour
vehicle so the driver will have
spacetomoveinfrontofyou.
• Towing a trailer or carrying a
heavy load. The extra weight
makesithardertostop.
• Following large vehicles that
blockyourviewahead.Theextra
space allows you to see around
thevehicle.
• You see a bus, school bus, or
a placarded vehicle at railroad
crossings. These vehicles must
-47-
stopatrailroadcrossings,soslow
down early and allow plenty of
room.
• Mergingontoafreeway.
Ifyoufollowtoocloselyandanother
driver “cuts” in front of you, just
takeyourfootoffthegas.Thisgives
youspacebetweenyourvehicleand
the other driver, without having to
slamonyourbrakesorswerveinto
anotherlane.
Know What Is at Your Side
Anytimeyoucometoaplacewhere
peoplemaycrossorenteryourpath
or onelineoftrafficmeetsanother,
youshouldlooktotheleftandright
sidesofyourvehicletomakesureno
oneiscoming.Alwayslooktoeach
sideofyourvehicleatintersections,
crosswalks,andrailroadcrossings.
Atintersections:
• Lookbothwaysevenifothertraf-
fichasaredlightorastopsign:
– Look to the left first, since
vehiclescomingfromtheleft
areclosertoyouthanvehicles
comingfromtheright.
– Looktotheright.
– Takeonemorelooktotheleft
incasethereisavehicleora
pedestrianyoudidnotseethe
firsttime.
• Do not rely on traffic signals.
Somedriversdonotobeytraffic
signals so before you enter an
intersection,lookleft,right,and
aheadforapproachingtraffic.
Tomaintainaspacecushiononeach
sideofyourvehicle:
• Do not stay in another driver’s
blindspot.Theotherdrivermay
not see your vehicle and could
changelanesandhityou.
• Avoiddrivingdirectlyalongside
othervehiclesonmultilanestreets
withorwithouttrafficintheop-
posite direction.Another driver
mightcrowdyourlaneorchange
laneswithoutlookingandcrash
intoyou.Driveeitheraheadofor
behindtheothervehicle.
• Ifpossibleandwhensafe,make
roomforvehiclesenteringfree-
wayseventhoughyouhavethe
right-of-way.
• At freeway exits, do not drive
alongsideothercars.Adrivermay
decidetoexitsuddenlyorswerve
backontothefreeway.
• Keep a space between yourself
and parked cars. Someone may
step out from between them. A
vehicledoormayopenoravehicle
maypulloutsuddenly.
• Becarefulwhendrivingnearmo-
torcyclistsorbicyclists.Always
leaveplentyofroombetweenyour
vehicleandanymotorcyclistsor
bicyclists.
Know What Is Behind You
Itisveryimportanttocheckbehind
youbeforeyou:
• Change lanes. Look over your
shouldertomakesureyouarenot
gettinginthewayofvehiclesin
thelaneyouwanttoenter.
-48-
• Reduceyourspeed.Takeaquick
glanceinyourmirrors.Alsocheck
your mirrors when you are pre-
paringtoturnintoasideroador
drivewayandwhenyouarestop-
pingtopullintoaparkingspace.
• Drivedownalongorsteephill.
Watchforlargevehiclesbecause
they can gather speed very
quickly.
• Back up. Backing up is always
dangerous because it is hard to
see behind your vehicle. When
youarebackingoutofaparking
space:
– Checkinfrontandbehindthe
vehiclebeforeyougetin.
– Know where your kids are.
Makesuretheyareawayfrom
your vehicle and in full view
beforemovingyourvehicle.
– If other children are nearby,
make sure you can see them
beforebackingup.
– Do not depend only on your
mirrors or only looking out a
sidewindow.
– Turnandlookoveryourright
and left shoulders before you
begin backing. As a safety
measure, also look over your
right and left shoulders again
whilebacking.
– Backslowlytoavoidcollisions.
Check traffic behind you often to
know if you are being tailgated
(another driver is following too
closely).Ifyouarebeingtailgated,
be careful! Brake slowly before
stopping.Tapyourbrakeslightlya
fewtimestowarnthetailgateryou
areslowingdown.
“Lose”thetailgaterassoonasyou
can,bychanginglanesandallowing
thetailgatertopassyouorslowing
down to allow enough “cushion”
betweenyouandthecarinfrontof
you.Ifthisdoesnotwork,pulloff
theroadwhenitissafeandletthe
tailgaterpass.
Clean Windows and Mirrors
Keepyourwindshieldandsidewin-
dows clean inside and out. Bright
sunorheadlightsonadirtywindow
make it hard to see out. Clear off
ice,frost,ordewfromallwindows
beforeyoudrive.
Makesureyoucanseeandbeseen.
If you drive in rain or snow, you
mayhavetostopsometimestowipe
mudorsnowoffyourwindshield,
headlights,andtaillights.
Adjust Seat and Mirrors
Adjustyourseatbeforeyouputon
yourseatbelt.Youshouldsithigh
enoughtoseetheroad.Ifyoustill
cannotsee,useaseatcushion.
Adjustyourrearandsidemirrorsbe-
foreyoustartdriving.Ifyourvehicle
hasaday/nightmirror,learnhowto
useit.Thenightsettingreducesthe
headlightglarefromthecarsbehind
youandhelpsyouseewell.
How Well Can You Stop?
If something is in your path, you
need to see it in time to stop.As-
sumingyouhavegoodtires,good
brakes,anddrypavement:
-49-
• At55mph,ittakesabout400feet
toreactandbringthevehicletoa
completestop.
• At35mph,ittakesabout210feet
toreactandbringthevehicletoa
completestop.
Adjust your driving speed to the
weatherandroadconditions(“Basic
SpeedLaw”page28.)Turnonyour
lightsduringtheday,ifitishardto
seeoryoucannotseeatleast1,000
feetaheadofyou.
Driving in the fog
The best advice for driving in the
fogisDON’T.Youshouldconsider
postponing your trip until the fog
clears.However,ifyoumustdrive,
thendriveslowlyanduseyourlow
beamheadlights.Thelightfromthe
high beam headlights will reflect
backandcauseglare.
Never drive with just your parking
or fog lights.
Increase your following distance
andbepreparedtostopwithinthe
space you can see ahead. Avoid
crossingorpassinglanesoftraffic
unlessabsolutelynecessary.Listen
fortrafficyoucannotsee.Useyour
wipers and defroster as necessary
forbestvision.
Ifthefogbecomessothickthatyou
canbarelysee,pullcompletelyoff
the road. Do not continue driving
until you can see well. Turn off
yourlightsandkeepyourfootoff
thebrakepedalorsomeonemaysee
yourtaillights,thinkyouaremoving,
anddriveintoyourvehicle.
Driving in Darkness
Drivemoreslowlyatnightbecause
you cannot see as far ahead and
youwillhavelesstimetostopfor
a hazard. Make sure you can stop
withinthedistancelightedbyyour
headlights.
Use your low beam headlights at
night when it rains. do not drive
using only your parking lights.
Use your high beam headlights
wheneverpossibleinopencountry
ordarkcitystreets,aslongasitis
notillegal.Donotblindotherdriv-
erswithyourhighbeamheadlights.
Dimyourlightswhennecessary.If
anotherdriverdoesnotdimhisor
herlights:
• Do not look directly into the
oncomingheadlights.
• Look toward the right edge of
yourlane.
• Watchtheoncomingvehicleout
ofthecornerofyoureye.
• Do not try to “get back” at the
other driver by keeping your
brightlightson.Ifyoudo,both
ofyoumaybeblinded.
Whenyoudriveatnight,remember:
• Pedestrians and bicyclists are
much harder to see at night, so
stayalertforthem.
• Motorcyclesarealsohardertosee
atnightbecausemosthaveonly
onetaillight.
• Morehighwayconstructiontakes
placeatnight.Reduceyourspeed
inhighwayconstructionzones.
-50-
• When you leave a brightly-lit
place,driveslowlyuntilyoureyes
adjusttothedarkness.
• Drive as far to the rightas pos-
sible, when a vehicle with one
lightdrivestowardyou.Itcould
be a bicyclist or motorcyclist,
butitcouldalsobeavehiclewith
amissingheadlight.
Driving in rain or snoW
Manyroadpavementsarethemost
slipperywhenitfirststartstorainor
snowbecauseoilanddusthavenot
yetwashedaway.Slowdownatthe
firstsignofrain,drizzle,orsnowon
theroad.Turnonyourwindshield
wipers,headlights,anddefroster.
Inaheavyrainstormorsnowstorm,
youmaynotbeabletoseemorethan
100feetaheadofyourvehicle.When
you cannot see any farther than
100 feet, you cannot safely drive
fasterthan30mph.Youmayhave
to stop from time to time to wipe
mudorsnowoffyourwindshield,
headlights,andtaillights.
Ifyoudriveinsnowyareas,carry
thecorrectnumberofchainsandbe
suretheywillfityourdrivewheels.
Learnhowtoputthechainsonbe-
fore youneedtousethem.
Driving in hill country
You never know what is on the
othersideofasteephillorasharp
curve.Whenyoucometoahillor
curve,slowdownsoyoucanstopfor
anyhazard.Youmustdriveslowly
enoughtostop.
Anytimeyourviewisblockedbya
hilloracurve,youshouldassume
there is another vehicle ahead of
you.Onlypassthevehicleifahillor
curveisatleastone-thirdofamile
away,becauseyouneedatleastthat
muchroomtopasssafely.
Donotdriveontheleftsideofthe
roadwhencomingtoacurveorthe
top of a hill, because you cannot
seefarenoughaheadtoknowifit
issafetopass.
horn, heaDlights, anD
emergency signals
Use Your Horn
• Only when necessary, to avoid
collisions.
• Totrytoget“eyecontact”with
otherdrivers.Youmaytapyour
horntoalertanotherdriverwho
might turn in front of you and
causeacollision.
• On narrow mountain roads,
whereyoucannotseeatleast200
feetaheadofyourvehicle.
Do Not Use Your Horn
• If a driver or bicyclist is going
slowly,andyouwanthimorher
todrivefasterorgetoutofyour
way;thedriverorbicyclistmay
notbeabletosafelygofaster,due
toillness,beinglost,intoxication,
or having mechanical problems
withthevehicle.
• To alert other drivers that they
made a mistake. Your honking
may cause them to make more
mistakesortobecomeangryand
retaliate.
-51-
• Because you may be angry or
upset.
• Tohonkatpedestrians,bicyclists,
ormotorcyclistsunlessnecessary
to avoid a collision. Remember
thatyourhornsoundsmuchlouder
outsideavehicle.
• It’ssafertoslowdownortostop,
instead of honking your horn,
whichmaystartleotherdrivers.
Use Your Headlights
• When it is cloudy, raining,
snowing, or foggy. If weather
conditionsrequireyoutouseyour
windshieldwipers,youmustturn
onyourheadlights—it’sthelaw.
• Onfrostymornings,whenother
drivers’windowsmaybeicyor
“fogged.”
• Anytimeconditionspreventyou
fromseeingothervehicles.Other
driversmayhavetroubleseeing
you,too.
• On small country or mountain
roads,evenonsunnydays.This
helps other drivers see you and
may help you avoid a head-on
crash.
• When necessary to get another
driver’sattention.
Use Your Emergency Signals
Ifyoucanseeacollisionahead,warn
thedriversbehindyoubyturningon
youremergencyflashersortapping
your brake pedal quickly three or
fourtimes.Youcanalsousethehand
signalwhenslowingandstopping.
Neverstopontheroad,unlessneces-
saryforsafetyortoobeyalaw.If
youneedtostop,thenstartbraking
earlyasasignaltothecarsbehind
you. If your vehicle breaks down
on the road, make sure that other
driverscanseeit.Ifyouexperience
vehicle trouble, and need to stop,
followtheserules:
• Pull off the road away from all
traffic,ifpossible.
• Ifyoucannotgetcompletelyoff
theroad,stopwherepeoplecan
see you and your vehicle from
behind. Do not stop just over a
hillorjustaroundacurve.
• Turnonyouremergencyflashers
if you are not moving. If your
vehicledoesn’thaveemergency
flashers,turnsignalsmaybeused
instead.
• Ifitissafe,liftthehoodtosignal
anemergency.
• Give other drivers plenty of
warning.Placeemergencyflares
ortriangles200–300feetbehind
the vehicle. This allows other
drivers time to change lanes, if
necessary.Beverycarefulwhen
using flares. They may cause
fires,especiallywhenusednear
flammableliquids.
• If you do not have emergency
flares, follow the rules listed
above and stay in your vehicle
untilhelparrives.Becarefulfor
yoursafetyandstay off the road.
Remember:donottrytochangea
tireifitmeansyouhavetostand
inatrafficlane.
-52-
folloWing Distances
Taking Dangers One at a Time
Suppose there is an oncoming
vehicletoyourleftandachildon
a bicycle to your right. Instead of
driving between the vehicle and
thechild,takeonedangeratatime.
First,slowdownandletthevehicle
pass.Then,movetothelefttoallow
plentyofroomtopassthechild.
Splitting the Difference
Sometimes there will be dangers
on both sides of the road at the
sametime.Forexample,therewill
beparkedcarstotherightandon-
comingcarstotheleft.Inthiscase,
the best thing to do is “split the
difference.”Steeramiddlecourse
betweentheoncomingcarsandthe
parkedcars.
If one danger is greater than the
other, give the most room to the
mostdangeroussituation.Suppose
thereareoncomingcarsonyourleft
sideandachildonabikeonyour
rightside.Thechildismorelikely
tomakeasuddenmove.Therefore,
slowdown,andifsafe,useasmuch
ofyourlanetotheleftaspossible
untilyoupassthechild.
Problem Drivers
Increase your following distance
and allow a bigger space cushion
fordriverswhomaybepotentially
dangerous. Persons who present
dangersare:
• Drivers who cannot see you
becausetheirviewisblockedby
buildings,trees,orothercars.
• Drivers backing out of drive-
waysorparkingspaceswiththe
vehicle’s windows covered by
snoworice.
• Driverswhopassyouwhenthere
isacurveoroncomingvehicle(s)
ahead.
• Drivers about to be forced into
your lane to avoid a vehicle, a
pedestrian, a bicyclist, an ob-
struction, or because of fewer
lanesahead.
• Pedestrians with umbrellas in
frontoftheirfacesorhatspulled
downovertheireyes.
• Distractedpeople,suchas:
– Deliverypersons.
– Constructionworkers.
– Children,whooftenrunintothe
streetwithoutlooking.
– Driverstalkingoncellphones
orspeakingtotheirpassengers.
– Driverstakingcareofchildren,
eating,orlookingatmapswhile
driving.
• Confusedpeople,suchas:
– Tourists,oftenatcomplicated
intersections.
– Drivers who are looking for
a house number or who slow
downfornoapparentreason.
merging in/out of traffic
Wheneveryouentertraffic,signal
andbesureyouhaveenoughroom
tosafelyenterthelane.Youhaveto
sharespacewithtrafficalreadyon
-53-
theroad,andyoumustknowhow
muchspaceyouneedtomergewith
traffic,crossorentertraffic,andexit
outoftraffic.
Space to Merge
Enter the freeway at or near the
speed of traffic. (Remember that
themaximumspeedallowedis65
mph on most freeways.) do not
stop before merging into freeway
traffic unlessabsolutelynecessary.
Freewaytraffichastheright-of-way.
Anytimeyoumergewithothertraf-
fic,youneedagapofatleastfour
seconds,whichgivesbothyouand
theothervehicleonlyatwo-second
followingdistance.Whenitissafe,
go back to following the “three-
secondrule”(seepage47).
• Donottrytosqueezeintoagap
thatistoosmall.Leaveyourself
abigenoughspacecushion.
• Watch for vehicles around you.
Useyourmirrorsandturnsignals.
Turn your head to look quickly
overyourshoulderbeforechang-
inglanes.Leavethreesecondsof
spacebetweenyouandthevehicle
aheadofyou.Makesureyoucan
stopsafelyifnecessary.
• Ifyouneedtocrossseveralfree-
way lanes, cross them one at a
time.Ifyouwaituntilallofthe
lanes are clear, you may cause
trafficdelaysoracollision.
Space to Cross or Enter
Whenever you cross or enter city
orhighwaytrafficfromafullstop,
you will need a large enough gap
(fromvehiclesapproachingineither
direction)togetuptothespeedof
othervehicles.Youneedagapthat
isabout:
• Halfablockoncitystreets.
• Afullblockonthehighway.
Ifyouarecrossinglanesorturning,
makesuretherearenovehiclesor
peopleblockingthepathaheadorto
thesidesofyourvehicle.Youdonot
wanttobecaughtinanintersection
withtrafficcomingatyou.
Evenifyouhavethegreenlight,do
not start across the intersection, if
therearevehiclesblockingyourway.
Whenturningleft,donotstartthe
turn just because an approaching
vehiclehasitsrightturnsignalon.
The driver may plan to turn just
beyondyou,orthesignalmayhave
beenleftonfromanearlierturn.This
isparticularlytrueofmotorcycles.
Theirsignallightsoftendonotturn
off automatically. Wait until the
other driver actually starts to turn
beforeyoucontinue.
Space to Exit
Whenyouplantoexitthefreeway,
give yourself plenty of time. You
should know the name or number
ofthefreewayexityouwantaswell
astheonethatcomesbeforeit.To
exitsafely:
• Signal,lookoveryourshoulder,
and change lanes one at a time,
untilyouareintheproperlaneto
exitthefreeway.
-54-
• Signalyourintentiontoexitfor
approximately five seconds be-
forereachingtheexit.
• Besureyouareattheproperspeed
forleavingthetrafficlane–nottoo
fast(soyouremainincontrol)and
nottooslow(sotheflowoftraffic
canstillmovefreely).
passing other traffic
Space and Speed to Pass
Always signal before passing. Do
notpullouttopassunlessyouknow
youhaveenoughspacetopullback
intoyourlane.
Avoid passing other vehicles, in-
cluding motorcycles and bicycles,
ontwo-laneroads.Itisdangerous.
Everytimeyoupass,youincrease
yourchancesofhavingacollision.
Bepatientwhenpassingabicyclist.
Slowdownandpassonlywhenit
issafe.Donotsqueezethebicyclist
offtheroad.
Athighwayspeedsof50–55mph,
you need a 10–12 second gap in
oncomingtraffictopasssafely.At55
mph,youwilltravelover800feetin
10–12seconds.Sowillanoncoming
vehicle.Thatmeansyouneedover
1,600feet(oraboutone-thirdofa
mile)topasssafely.Itishardertosee
and judge the speed of oncoming
vehiclesthataretravelingone-third
ofamileormoreawayfromyou.
Youmustjudgewhetherornotyou
haveenoughroomtopasswhenever
youapproach:
• Anoncomingvehicle.
• Ahilloracurve.
• Anintersection.
• Aroadobstruction.
Vehiclesappeartomoveslowerthan
they really are moving.A vehicle
that is far enough away generally
appearstobestandingstill.Infact,
if you can see it moving closer to
you,itisprobablytoocloseforyou
tostarttopass.
Space to Return
Before you return to your driving
lane,besureyouarenotdangerously
close to the vehicle you have just
passed.Onewaytodothisistolook
for the vehicle in your inside rear
viewmirror.Whenyoucanseeboth
headlightsinyourrearviewmirror,
youhaveenoughroomtoreturnto
yourdrivinglane.Donotcounton
havingenoughtimetopassseveral
vehiclesatonce,orthatotherdrivers
willmakeroomforyou.
sHArinG tHe roAD
large trucks (Big rigs)
anD rvs
To reduce the chance of having a
collisionwithalargetruckorRV,
you must be familiar with a big
rig’sphysicalcapabilitiesandhow
itmaneuvers.
Braking
Largetruckstakelongertostopthan
vehiclestravelingatthesamespeed.
Theaveragepassengervehicletrav-
elingat55mphcanstopwithin400
feet.However,alargetrucktraveling
atthesamespeedcantakealmost
800 feet to stop. Do not move in
-55-
frontofalargetruckandsuddenly
slowdownorstop.Thetruckerwill
notbeabletostopquicklyenough
toavoidcrashingintoyou.
Trucker’s Blind Spots—the “No
Zone”
Shaded areas are the driver’s blind spots.
Passenger vehicle drivers incor-
rectlyassumethatatruckercansee
theroadbetterbecauseheorsheis
higherofftheroad.Whiletruckers
dohaveabetterforwardviewand
biggermirrors,theystillhavelarge
blindspots,andyourvehiclecanget
lostinthoseblindspots.Ifyoustay
inthoseblindspots,youblockthe
trucker’sabilitytotakeevasiveac-
tiontoavoidadangeroussituation.
Generally speaking, if you cannot
seethetruckdriverinhisorherside
mirror, he or she cannot see you.
These blind spots are often called
the“NOZONE.”
Turning
Whenanyvehiclemakesaturn,the
rear wheels follow a shorter path
than the front wheels. The longer
the vehicle, the greater the differ-
enceisintheturningpath.Thisis
whybigrigdriversmustoftenswing
widetocompletearightturn.When
youfollowabigrig,lookatitsturn
signalsbeforeyoustarttopass.If
thetruckappearstobeturningleft,
check the turn signals again; the
drivermayactuallybeturningright
butfirstswingingwide.
Maneuverability
Trucks are designed to transport
products and they are not as ma-
neuverable as passenger vehicles.
Largetruckshavelongerstopping
and starting distances. They take
morespaceforturnsandtheyweigh
more.Onmultilanehighwaysand
freeways,largetrucksusuallystay
inthecenterportionofthelaneto
help the flow of traffic. This also
increasesthetrucker’soptionsifhe
orshemustchangelanestoavoid
ahazard.
Avoidthesemistakeswhendriving
aroundlargetrucks:
• Cutting off a truck in traffic
or on the highway to reach an
exit or turn. Cutting into the
openspaceinfrontofatruckis
dangerous.Tryingtobeatatruck
throughasingle-laneconstruction
zone, for example, removes the
truck driver’s cushion of safety
and places you in danger. Slow
down and take your turn enter-
ing the construction zone. Do
notspeeduptopassatruck,so
youcanexittheroadway.Takea
momenttoslowdown,andexit
behindatruck—itwillonlytake
youafewextraseconds.
-56-
dmv.ca.gov
Can the driver see
your vehiCle? Allow for
extra space and be safe!
• Lingering alongside a truck
when passing. Always pass a
large truck on the left side, and
after you pass the truck, move
aheadofit.Donotlinger,other-
wiseyoumakeitverydifficult,if
notimpossible,forthetruckerto
takeevasiveactionifanobstacle
appearsintheroadahead.
• Following too closely or tailgat-
ing.Whenyoufollowsoclosely
behindatruckthatyoucannotsee
thetruckdriver’ssideviewmir-
rors, the trucker cannot see you
andhasnowayofknowingyou
are there. Tailgating a truck, or
anyvehicle,isdangerousbecause
youtakeawayyourowncushion
ofsafetyifthevehicleinfrontof
youstopsquickly.
• Underestimating the size and
speed of an approaching tractor-
trailer. A large tractor-trailer
oftenappearstobetravelingata
slowerspeedbecauseofitslarge
size.Manycollisionsinvolvinga
passengervehicleandalargetruck
occur at intersections, when the
passenger vehicle driver did not
realize how close the truck was
orhowfastitwastraveling.
Buses, streetcars, anD
trolleys
Donotdrivethroughasafetyzone,
whichisaspacesetasideforpedes-
triansandmarkedbyraisedbuttons
ormarkersonaroadway.
Whenpeopleareboardingorleav-
ingastreetcarortrolleywherethere
is no safety zone, stop behind the
vehicle’s nearest door or vehicle
platformandwaituntilthepeople
havereachedasafeplace.
Whenabus,streetcar,ortrolleyis
stoppedatasafetyzoneorataninter-
sectionwheretrafficiscontrolledby
apoliceofficerortrafficsignal,you
maypassatnomorethan10mph.
Donotovertakeandpassanylight
rail vehicle or streetcar on the
left side, whether it is moving or
standing.
EXCEPTIONS:
• Whenyouareonaone-waystreet.
• When the tracks are so close to
therightsidethatyoucannotpass
ontheright.
• Whenatrafficofficerdirectsyou
topassontheleft.
light-rail vehicles
Light-rail vehicles have the same
rightsandresponsibilitiesonpublic
roadways as other vehicles. Al-
though everyone must follow the
same trafficlaws,light-railvehicles
requireexceptional handlingability
becauseoftheirsize.
Safelysharetheroadwithlight-rail
vehiclesby:
• Being aware of where light-rail
vehiclesoperate.Buildings,trees,
etc.,causeblindspotsforthetrol-
leyoperator.
• Never turninfrontofanapproach-
inglight-railvehicle.
-58-
•
Do not turn in front of light rail vehicles
• Maintain a safe distance from
thelight-railvehicleifitsharesa
streetwithvehiculartraffic.
•
Safety Zones are marked by dotted white lines
• Look for approaching light-rail
vehicles before you turn across
the tracks. Complete your turn
onlyifasignalindicatesyoumay
proceed.
NOTE:Light-railvehiclescaninter-
rupttrafficsignals,sodonotproceed
untilthesignallightindicatesyou
mayproceed.
emergency vehicles
Youmustyieldtheright-of-wayto
anypolicevehicle,fireengine,am-
bulance,orotheremergencyvehicle
usingasirenandredlights.Drive
to the right edge of the road and
stopuntiltheemergencyvehicle(s)
havepassed.However,never stop
in an intersection.Ifyouareinan
intersectionwhenyouseeanemer-
gencyvehicle,continuethroughthe
intersection and then drive to the
rightassoonasitissafeandstop.
Emergency vehicles often use the
wrongsideofthestreettocontinue
ontheirway.Theysometimesuse
a loud speaker to talk to drivers
blockingtheirpath.
Yield to emergency vehicles.
You must obey any traffic direc-
tion,order,orsignalbyatrafficor
policeofficerorafirefightereven
if it conflicts with existing signs,
signals,orlaws.
Itisagainstthelawtofollowwithin
300 feet behind any fire engine,
policevehicle,ambulance,orother
emergencyvehiclewith a sirenor
flashinglights(CVC§21706).
If you drive for sight-seeing pur-
posestothesceneofafire,collision,
orotherdisasteryoumaybearrested.
Casualobserversinterferewiththe
essential services of police, fire-
fighter,ambulancecrews,orother
rescueoremergencypersonnel.
-59-
sloW-moving vehicles
Somevehiclesarenotdesignedto
keepupwiththespeedoftraffic.
Farmtractors,animal-drawncarts,
and road maintenance vehicles
usuallytravel25mphorless.Slow-
movingvehicleshaveanorange/red
triangleonthebackofthevehicles.
Itlookslikethesigninthepicture
onthispage.Lookforthesevehicles
and adjust your speed before you
reachthem.
A Slow-Moving Vehicle
Also, be aware that large trucks,
bicyclistsandsmall,underpowered
carslosespeedonlongorsteephills
andtakelongertogetuptospeed
whenenteringtraffic.
Othertypesofslow-movingmotor-
izedvehicles(suchaswheelchairs,
scooters, Neighborhood Electric
Vehicles (NEVs) and golf carts)
maylegallyoperateonpublicroads.
Adjust your speed accordingly to
accommodatethem.
neighBorhooD electric
vehicles (nev) anD loW-
speeD vehicles (lsv)
Youmayhaveseenlanesmarkedas
NEVUSE ONLYonroadwaysin
some California towns, especially
thosenearretirementcommunities
andgolfcourses.NEVsandLSVs
arerestrictedfromroadwayswhere
the speed limit is greater than 35
mph (CVC §§385.5 and 21260).
TheNEVandLSVvehiclesreach
amaximumspeedof25mph.
Owners of registered NEVs and
LSVsmustcomplywithfinancialre-
sponsibilitylawsandadriverlicense
isrequiredtooperatethevehicle.
animal-DraWn vehicles
Horse-drawnvehiclesandridersof
horsesorotheranimalsareentitled
to share the road with you. It is a
traffic offense to scare horses or
stampedelivestock.Slowdownor
stop,ifnecessary,orwhenrequested
todosobytheridersorherders.
motorcycles
Motorcyclistshavethesamerights
and responsibilities as automobile
drivers.Whileeveryonemustfollow
thesametrafficlaws,motorcyclists
face additional dangers because
motorcycles require exceptional
handling ability and are harder to
see. Therefore, many motorcycles
keeptheirheadlightonevenduring
daylighthours.
From ahead or behind, a motor-
cycle’soutlineismuchsmallerthan
a passenger vehicle’s outline, and
most drivers expect to see larger
vehicles on the road and are not
lookingformotorcycles.
Motorcyclistscandomanythingsto
makeiteasierforotherstorecognize
themandincreasetheirchancesof
beingseen.
-60-
• Wearabright-coloredjacket,vest,
andahelmet.
• Wearreflectivematerialonhel-
metsandclothes.
• Use turn signals when planning
tochangelanesorturn.
• Flash their brake lights before
slowing down to help others
noticethemotorcycle.
Follow these rules to respect the
right-of-way and safely share the
roadwithmotorcyclists:
• Whenyouchangelanesorentera
majorthoroughfare,makeavisual
checkformotorcycles.Alsouse
your mirrors. Motorcycles are
small,andtheycaneasilydisap-
pearintoavehicle’sblindspots.
• Allow a four-second following
distance.Youwillneedthisspace
toavoidhittingthemotorcyclist,if
heorshebrakessuddenlyorfalls
offthemotorcycle.Motorcycles
generally can stop faster than
passengervehicles.
• Allowthemotorcycleafulllane
width.Although it is not illegal
tosharelaneswithmotorcycles,
itisunsafe.
• Never try to pass a motorcycle
inthesamelaneyouaresharing
withthemotorcycle.
• When you make a turn, check
formotorcyclistsandgaugetheir
speedbeforeturning.
• Lookcarefullyformotorcyclists
beforeopeningdoorsnexttomov-
ingtrafficorbeforeturningright.
• Motorcycles may travel faster
thantrafficduringcongestedroad
conditionsandcanlegallytravel
intheunusedspacebetweentwo
linesofmovingorstationaryve-
hicles,whichiscommonlycalled
“lanesplitting.”
• Remember that road conditions
which are minor annoyances to
you pose major hazards to mo-
torcyclists.Potholes,gravel,wet
or slippery surfaces, pavement
seams, railroad crossings, and
grooved pavement can cause
motorcyclists to change speed
ordirectionsuddenly.Ifyouare
awareoftheeffectofthesecon-
ditions and drive with care and
attention,youcanhelpreducemo-
torcyclist injuries and fatalities.
Formoreinformationregarding
motorcycle safety, contact the
California Motorcyclist Safety
Program at 1-877-RIDE-411 or
www.ca-msp.org
Bicycles
Bicyclists:
• Mustobeyalltrafficsignalsand
stopsigns.
• Are lawfully per-
mitted to ride on
certain sections of
roadway in rural
areas where there
isnoalternateroute.
• Mustrideinthesamedirectionas
othertraffic,notagainstit.
-61-
Turns for bicyclists
STOP, LOOK
BEFORE CROSSING
RIDE A STRAIGHT LINE—DON’T TURN IN AND OUT
BETWEEN PARKED CARS. LEAVE SPACE TO AVOID
SUDDENLY OPENED DOORS.
MERGE LEFT TO PASS
VEHICLE TURNING RIGHT
Intersections with special lanes
• Shallrideasneartotherightcurb
oredgeoftheroadwayaspracti-
cal–notonthesidewalk.
• Arelegallyallowedtorideinthe
centerofthelanewhenmoving
atthesamespeedasothertraffic.
• Maymovelefttopassaparkedor
movingvehicle,bicycle,animal,
avoiddebris,orotherhazards.
• Maychoosetorideneartheleft
curboredgeofaone-waystreet.
• Shouldridesinglefileonabusy
ornarrowstreet.
• Must make left and right turns
inthesamewaythatdriversdo,
usingthesameturnlanes.Ifthe
bicyclist is traveling straight
ahead, he or she should use a
through traffic lane rather than
ride next to the curb and block
trafficmakingrightturns.
• Must signal all their intentions
to motorists and bicyclists near
them.
• Mustwearahelmetifunderthe
ageof18.
• Shouldcarryidentification.
• Shallnotoperateabicycleona
roadwayduringdarknessunless
thebicycleisequippedwith:
– Abrakewhichwillenablethe
operator to make one braked
wheelstopondry,level,clean
pavement.
During darkness bicyclists must
havethefollowingequipment:
– Afrontlampemittingawhite
lightvisiblefromadistanceof
300feet.
– A rear red reflector visible
fromadistanceof500feet.
– Awhiteoryellowreflectoron
eachpedaloronthebicyclist’s
shoesoranklesvisiblefroma
distanceof200feet.
peDestrians Who are BlinD
Pedestrians using guide dogs or
white canes with or without a red
tipmustbegiventheright-of-way
at all times.These pedestrians are
partiallyortotallyblind.
Whenthesepedestriansareinyour
vicinitybeespeciallycarefulwhen
turningcornersorbackingup,par-
ticularlyifyouaredrivingaquiet
hybridvehicle.
-62-
frontofthem.Turningmayresult
intheblindpedestrianbecoming
disorientedandvulnerabletobe-
ing hit by another right turning
vehiclewhenattemptingtocross
thestreet.
• do not honk your horn at a blind
person.Theblindpersonhasno
ideawhoyouarehonkingatand
maybestartledbythenoise.
• do not block any sidewalk.
roaD Workers anD
Work Zones (“cone Zones”)
Paycloseattentionwhereroadwork
isbeingperformed.Signsandmes-
sageboardswarnyouofworkers,
slowmovingequipment,andclosed
lanes ahead. Cones and/or drums
will guide you through the work
zone.Mergeassoonasitissafeto
dosoandwithoutcrossingthecones
ordrums.Reduceyourspeedandbe
preparedtoslowdownorstopfor
highwayequipment.Inworkzones
where lanes are narrow or where
the shoulder is closed, watch for
bicyclesand“sharetheroad”when
theyarepresent.
The most common
cause of deaths and
injuriesinworkzones
isrear-endcollisions.
In fact, most of the
peoplekilledinwork
zones are drivers and
passengers. For your own safety
and the safety of your passengers
remembertoslowdown,allowextra
following room between vehicles,
Herearesomesuggestionsforhelp-
ingpedestrianswhoareblind:
• do not stop your vehicle more
than five feet from the cross-
walk, unless there is an advance
stop bar (line).Ablindpedestrian
usesthesoundofyourengineas
aguide,sodriveuptothecross-
walktoallowthepersontohear
you. ImPORTANT: Drivers of
electricandhybridvehiclesmust
beextraalerttoblindpedestrians,
astheymaybeunawareofyour
presenceduetothenearlysilent
natureofthesevehicles.
• Stop at all crosswalks where
pedestrians are waiting.
• do not stop in the middle of a
crosswalk.Thisforcestheblind
pedestrian to go around your
vehicle and into traffic outside
ofthecrosswalk.
• do not give the blind pedestrian
verbal directions.Ablindpedes-
trianlistenstoalltrafficsounds
beforedecidingtocrossthestreet.
• do not wait too long for the blind
pedestrian to cross the street.
Whenablindpersonpullsinhis
orhercaneandstepsawayfrom
theintersection,thisgestureusu-
allymeansforyoutogo.
• do not turn right without
looking first. Look for any
pedestrians,especiallyblindpe-
destriansortrafficbeforestarting
yourturn.Blindpedestrianswho
haveagreenlightarenotexpect-
ingadrivertomakearightturnin
-63-
merge early, expect
sudden slowing or
stopping, watch for
drivers changing
lanesatthelastmin-
ute, and minimize
distractions. Avoid distractions
includingusingyourhands-freecell
phone while in the “Cone Zone.”
Fines for traffic violations in the
“Cone Zone”canbeupto$1,000,or
more.Anyoneconvictedofassault-
ingahighwayworkerfacesfinesof
upto$2,000andimprisonmentfor
uptooneyear.
Keep your eyes on the road and
othervehiclesaroundyou.Donot
stoptowatchtheroadwork.Obey
special signs or instructions from
workers.Drivingcarefullythrough
work zones improves safety for
drivers,pedestrians,bicyclists,and
roadworkers.
Rememberto“Slow for the Cone
Zone.”
DouBle fine Zones
Due to increased collision-related
injuriesandfatalitiescertainroads
aredesignatedas“SafetyEnhanced-
Double Fine Zones.” Fines for
violationsaredoubledinthesezones
andalsoinhighwayconstructionor
maintenance zones when workers
arepresent.(CVC§42010)
move over anD sloW DoWn
Driversarerequiredtomoveover
andslowdownwhenapproaching
a stationary emergency vehicle or
towtruckthatisdisplayingflashing
amberwarninglights,oravehicle,
markedDepartmentofTransporta-
tion that is displaying emergency
flashing or amber warning lights,
whileitisstoppedonthesideofa
statehighwayorfreeway.Thelaw
isdesignedtoreducethedeathsof
police officers, tow truck drivers,
paramedics, CalTrans employees,
andotheremergencypersonnelwho
areaidingstrandedorinjuredmotor-
istsorinvolvedinroadwork.Use
cautioniflanechangesarerequired.
vehicles With haZarDous
loaDs
- 78 -
Red and White Regulatory Signs
Highway Construction and Maintenance Signs
Guide Signs
Hazardous Loads Placards
White Regulatory Signs
Adiamond-shapedsignonatruck
means that the load on the truck
is potentially dangerous (gas, ex-
plosives,etc.)CaliforniaHighway
Patrol(CHP)orfiredepartmentof-
ficersknowwhattodoiftheloadis
accidentallyspilled.Vehicleswhich
displaythesesignsarerequiredto
stopbeforecrossingrailroadtracks.
importAnt DrivinG tips
Alwaysbecourteous.Safedriving
requires personal responsibility
to use sound judgment, reflexes,
experience, common sense and
consideration—every time you
arebehindthewheelofavehicle.
Courtesy...passiton!
-64-
Overtake other vehicles only
on the left.
Avoid blocking passing lanes.
Yield to faster traffic by mov-
ing to the right.
Keep to the right as much as
possible.
Maintain appropriate follow-
ing distance.
Provide appropriate distance
when cutting in after passing
vehicles.
Use headlights in cloudy,
rainy, low light conditions.
Yield to pedestrians.
Come to a complete stop at
stop signs, etc.
Stop for red traffic lights.
Approach intersections and
pedestrians at slow speeds.
Follow right-of-way rules at
four-way stops.
Drive below the posted speed
limit when conditions warrant.
Drive at slower speeds in
construction zones.
Maintain speeds appropriate
for conditions.
Use vehicle turn signals for
turns and lane changes.
Make eye contact and signal
intention where needed.
Acknowledge intention of oth-
ers.
Use your horn sparingly.
Avoid unnecessary use of
high beam headlights.
Yield and move to the right
for emergency vehicles.
Refrain from fashing head-
lights.
Make slow, deliberate U-
turns.
Maintain proper speeds
around roadway crashes.
Avoid returning inappropriate
gestures.
Avoid challenging other driv-
ers.
Try to get out of the way of
aggressive drivers.
Focus on driving and avoid
distracting activities.
DO YOu AVOID:
Driving when drowsy.
Blocking the right-turn lane.
Taking more than one parking
space.
Parking in a space desig-
nated for the disabled.
Letting your door hit the ve-
hicle parked next to you.
Using the cell phone while
driving.
Stopping in the road to talk.
Inficting loud music on neigh-
boring cars.
ARE YOu AN AGGRESSIVE DRIVER?
DO YOU (Check the appropriate box):
Y N Y N
Score Yourself:
Count the number of “No” Answers
(1-3) SAFE DRIVER (4-7) GOOD DRIVER
(8-11) SEMI-AGGRESSIVE DRIVER (12+) AGGRESSIVE DRIVER
-65-
Dealing With traffic
congestion
Smallchangesinyourdrivinghabits
canhelprelievechronictrafficcon-
gestion,accordingtotheCalifornia
OfficeofTrafficSafety(OTS).
Avoid the following driving
behaviors:
• Rubbernecking–slowing down
to look at collisions or virtu-
ally anything else out of the
ordinary.
• Tailgating–followingtooclosely.
• Unnecessarylanechanges–weav-
inginandoutoffreewaylanes.
• Inattention–eating, grooming,
talkingonacellphone,textmes-
saging, reading the newspaper,
etc.
• Operatingapoorly-maintainedor
malfunctioningvehicleorrunning
outoffuel.
Dealing With aggressive
Drivers anD roaD rage
Aggressive driving and road rage
happenswhencrowdedroads,rush-
ing,andimpatiencecauseonedriver
to react angrily to another driver.
Some suggestions for avoiding
aggressive driving and road rage
situationsare:
• Allowplentyoftimetoreachyour
destination.
• Donotcutoffotherdrivers.
• Do not drive slowly in the left
(fast)lane.
• Donottailgate.
• Do not make gestures to other
drivers.
• Use your horn for emergencies
only.
Prevent a potentially violent inci-
dentby:
• Avoiding eye contact with an
angrydriver.
• Giving an angry driver plenty
ofspace.
• Taking the questionnaire on the
previous page to determine the
typeofdriverthatyouare.
text messaging anD
cell phones
Regardless of age, it is illegal to
drive a motor vehicle while using
anelectronicwirelesscommunica-
tion device to write, send, or read
text messages, instant messages,
ande-mail(s).
NOTE: With certain exceptions,
adultsmaynotuseacellphonewhile
drivingunlesshands-freeequipment
isused.Minorsmaynotuseacell
phoneexceptincertainemergencies
(seepage12).
Cell phones can be a lifesaver in
emergency situations. Use your
cell phone in the following safe
andresponsiblewayswhiledriving:
• Use hands-free devices (except
minors).
• If your cell phone rings, do not
answerit.
• Letthecallgotovoicemailifyou
havethisfeature.
-66-
• Donotusethecellphoneduring
hazardousconditions.
• Do not engage in distracting
conversations.
• Payattentiontotheroad.
• Use your cell phone to call for
helpinanemergency.
collision avoiDance
Keep Your Car Visible
Thedriver’sblindspotsareshown
onpage47.Youcannotseevehicles
intheseblindspots,ifyouonlylook
inyourmirrors.Turnyourheadto
see if a vehicle is in one of these
blindspots.Donotlingerinanother
driver’sblindspot.Asquicklyasyou
can,dropbackorpassthevehicle.
What is the Road Condition
Thefasteryourspeed,thelesscon-
trolyouhaveofyourvehicle.Rather
thandrivingatthelegalpostedspeed
limit,considerwhatelsemayaffect
thesafeoperationofyourvehicle.
For example, should you drive 35
mph (the posted speed limit) on a
curvedownanicymountainroad?
Manyinexperienceddriversdonot
adjusttheirdrivingspeedforroad
conditions.Thatisonereasonwhy
inexperienced drivers have more
“out-of-control” collisions than
experienceddrivers.
Curves
Oncurves,thereisastrongoutward
pullonyourvehicle,especiallywhen
theroadisslippery.Rain,mud,snow,
iceandgravelmaketheroadslip-
pery.Ifaspeedlimitisnotposted
before a curve, you must judge
how sharp the curve is and adjust
yourspeedaccordingly.Slowdown
before youenterthecurve.Braking
onacurvemaycauseyoutoskid.
Driving in Heavy Traffic
Drive slower in heavy traffic, so
you can stop within the available
stoppingdistance.
Asageneralrule,drivemoreslowly:
• Inshoppingcenters,parkinglots,
anddowntownareas.
• Onroadswithheavytraffic.
• When you see the brake lights
ofseveralvehiclesaheadofyou.
• Overnarrowbridgesandthrough
tunnels.
• Throughtollplazas.
• Near schools, playgrounds, and
inresidentialareas.
Traffic Speeds
Collisionsaremorelikelytohappen
whenonedrivergoesfasterorslower
thantheothercarsontheroad.
Ifyoudrivefasterthanothertraffic,
youincreaseyourchancesofbeing
involvedinacollision.Studieshave
shownthatspeedingdoesnotsave
morethanafewminutesinanhour
ofdrivingtime.
Drivingslowerthanothervehicles
orstoppingsuddenlycanbejustas
dangerousasspeeding,ifnotmore
dangerousbecauseyoumaycause
arearendcollisionorcauseother
drivers to swerve to avoid hitting
yourvehicle.Ifyouareinthefast
laneandyounoticevehiclesmoving
totherightlanetopassyou,oraline
-67-
dryoutlast.
• Bridges and overpasses tend to
freezebeforetherestoftheroad
does.Theycanhidespotsofice.
• Ifitstartstorainonahotday,the
pavement can be very slippery
forthefirstseveralminutes.Heat
causesoilintheasphalttocome
tothesurface.Theoilmakesthe
roadslipperyuntiltherainwashes
theoiloffthesurfaceoftheroad.
Skids on Slippery Surfaces
Aroadthatisnormallysafecanbe-
comedangerouswhenitisslippery.
Iceandpackedsnowontheroadcan
causeyourvehicletoskid,especially
ifyouaredrivingtoofastorgoing
downhill.Ifyoustarttoskid:
• Easeoffthegaspedal,
• Stopbraking,and
• Turn the steering wheel in the
directionoftheskid.
Ifyoucannotcontrolyourvehicle
on a slippery surface, try to find
something to stop the skid.Try to
getawheelondrypavementoron
theshoulderoftheroad.Youmay
havetoedgeslowlyintoasnowbank
orsomebushestostopthevehicle.
To prevent skidding on slippery
surfaces:
• Drive slowly and stay farther
behindthevehicleaheadofyou.
• Slow down, as you approach
curvesandintersections.
• Avoidfastturns.
ofvehiclesareformingbehindyou,
thebestthingtodoismoveintothe
rightlane,whenitissafe,andletthe
vehicle(s)pass.
Driving haZarDs
Water on the Road
Slow down when there is a lot of
waterontheroad.Inaheavyrain
atspeedsof50mphormore,your
tirescanloseallcontactwiththeroad
andthenyourvehiclewillberiding
onwateror“hydroplaning.”Aslight
changeofdirectionoragustofwind
couldthrowyourvehicleintoaskid.
Ifyourvehiclestartstohydroplane,
slowdowngradually–donotapply
thebrakes.
Slippery Roads
Slowdownatthefirstsignofrain.
This is when many roads are the
mostslippery,becauseoilanddust
havenotwashedaway.Aslippery
roadwillnotgiveyourtiresthegrip
theyneed.Drivemoreslowlythan
you would on a dry road. Adjust
yourspeedasfollows:
• Wet road–go five–ten miles
slower.
• Packedsnow–reduceyourspeed
byhalf.
• Ice–slowtoacrawl.
Someroadsurfacesaremoreslip-
pery than others when wet and
usually have warning signs. Here
are some clues to help you spot
slipperyroads:
• On cold, wet days, shade from
treesorbuildingscanhidespots
ofice.Theseareasfreezefirstand
-68-
• Avoid quick stops. “Pump” the
brakes to slow or stop. (Do not
pumpantilockbrakes.)
• Shift to low gear before going
downasteephill.
• Avoid especially slippery areas,
such as ice patches, wet leaves,
oil,ordeeppuddles.
Ifthebrakesgetwet,drythemby
lightly pressing the gas pedal and
brakepedalatthesametimesothat
thevehicledrivesagainstthepres-
sureofthebrakes.Performthislight
pressingonlyuntilthebrakesdry.
mechanical tips
Acceleration Skids
An acceleration skid usually hap-
pens when the drive wheels lose
traction on the road surface. To
maintaincontrolofaskiddingve-
hicle,donotapplythebrakes.Ease
offthegaspedalandstraightenthe
frontwheelsasthevehiclebegins
tostraightenitselfout.
Locked Wheel Skids
Thistypeofskidisusuallycaused
bybrakingtoohardatahighrateof
speedandlockingthewheels.The
vehicle will skid no matter which
way the steering wheel is turned.
Takeyourfootoffthebraketoun-
lockthewheels.Thenstraightenthe
frontwheelsasthevehiclebegins
tostraightenout.Slowthevehicle
graduallyuntilyouareatasafespeed
tocontinuedriving.
Accelerator Malfunction
If your accelerator becomes stuck
youshould:
1. Shifttoneutral.
2. Applythebrakes.
3. Keepyoureyesontheroad.
4. Lookforanalternaterouteaway
fromtrafficorlookforawayout.
5. Warn other drivers by honking
and flashing your emergency
lights.
6. Try to drive the car safely off
theroad.
7. Stop and turn off the ignition.
(WARNING: Turning the ig-
nition off while the vehicle is
movinglocksthesteeringwheel
of some vehicles and you will
nothavecontrolofthesteering.)
Steering Wheel Locking Device
Neverturnyourvehicle’signitionto
the“lock”positionwhileitisstillin
motion,orthesteeringwilllockand
youwilllosecontrolofyourvehicle.
collisions are not acciDents
An“accident”impliesanunforeseen
eventthatoccurswithoutanyone’s
fault or negligence. Most often in
traffic,thatisnotthecase.
Ifyouseeavehicle’shazardlights
ahead,slowdown.Theremaybea
collision or other road emergency
ahead. Stop and give assistance
if asked by anyone, or pass very
carefully.
Avoid driving near collisions, if
you can. Those injured will be
helpedfasterifothervehiclesaren’t
-69-
blockingtheroad.Ifyoumustdrive
nearacollision,donotstoporslow
downjusttolook.Youmaycause
another crash. Drive by carefully,
watchingforpeopleintheroad.
Causes of Collisions
Themostcommoncausesofcolli-
sionsare:
• Unsafespeed.
• Driving on the wrong side of
theroad.
• Improperturns.
• Violatingtheright-of-wayrules.
• Violatingstopsignalsandsigns.
• Driverdistractions.
Involved in a Collision
Ifyouareinvolvedinacollision:
• You must stop. Someone could
be injured and need your help.
If you do not stop, you may be
convicted of “hit and run” and
couldbeseverelypunished.
• Call9-1-1,ifanyoneishurt.
• Move your vehicle out of the
traffic lane if no one is injured
orkilled.
• Showyourdriverlicense,regis-
trationcard,evidenceoffinancial
responsibility, and current ad-
dresstotheotherdriver,persons
involved,orpoliceofficer.
• You (or your insurance agent,
broker, or legal representative)
mustmakeawrittenreporttothe
policeorCHPwithin24hoursof
thecollisionifsomeoneiskilled
orinjured.
• You (or your insurance agent,
broker, or legal representative)
must make a written report to
DMVwithin10days.
• If you hit a parked vehicle or
otherproperty,leaveanotewith
your name, phone number, and
address in or securely attached
to the vehicle or property you
hit. Report the collision to the
citypoliceor,inunincorporated
areas,totheCHP.
• Ifyourparkedcarrollsawayand
hitsanothervehicle,trytofindthe
ownerandreporttheincidentto
authoritiesasmentionedabove.
• If you kill or injure an animal,
callthenearesthumanesociety,
thepolice,orCHP.Donottryto
moveaninjuredanimalorleave
aninjuredanimaltodie.
Reporting a Collision
Whenyouhaveacollision,reportit
totheDMVwithin10daysif:
• Morethan$750indamagewas
donetothepropertyofanyperson.
• Anyone was injured (no matter
howslightly)orkilled.
Each driver (orthedriver’sinsurance
agent, broker, or legal representa-
tive) must make a report to DMV
usingtheReportofTrafficAccident
OccurringinCalifornia(SR1)form.
Go online at www.dmv.ca.gov or
call1-800-777-0133andaskforthe
Report ofTrafficAccident (SR 1)
form.The CHP or police will not
makethisreportforyou.
-70-
You or your representative must
makethisreportwhetherornotyou
causedthecollision,evenifthecol-
lisionoccurredonprivateproperty.
Your driving privilege will be
suspended:
• Ifyoudonotmakethisreport.
• Foruptofouryears,ifyoudidnot
haveproperinsurancecoverage.
Duringthelastthreeyearsofthe
suspension, your license can be
returnedtoyouifyouprovidea
California Insurance Proof Cer-
tificate (SR 22) and maintain it
duringthethree-yearperiod.
ADDitionAl DrivinG
lAws/rUles
things you must not Do:
• do notsmokewhenaminorisin
thevehicleatanytime.Youcan
befinedupto$100.
• do notdumporabandonanimals
onahighway.Thiscrimeispun-
ishablebyafineofupto$1,000,
sixmonthsinjail,orboth.
• do notoperateacellphonewith-
outtheuseofahands-freedevice
(minors,seepage12).
• do notdriveamotorvehiclewhile
usingawirelesscommunications
devicetowrite,send,orreadtext-
basedcommunications.
• do not wear a headset over or
earplugsinbothyourears.
• do not driveavehiclesoloaded,
eitherwithpropertyorpeople,that
youcannotcontrolitorseeahead
ortothesidesofyourvehicle.
• It is illegal to drive any vehicle
withanunsafe,unsecuredloadthat
isasafetyhazard(CVC24002a).
• do notcarryanythinginorona
passengervehiclewhichextends
beyondthefendersontheleftside
or more than six inches beyond
the fenders on the right side.
Cargoextendingmorethanfour
feetfromthebackofthevehicle
must display a 12-inch red or
fluorescentorangesquareflagor
tworedlightsatnight.
• do not allow anyone to ride
on any part of your vehicle not
intendedforpassengers.
• do notallowanyonetorideinthe
trunkofyourvehicle.Convictions
willresultinpenaltiesforboththe
driverandtheperson(s)ridingin
thetrunk.
• do not allowapersontoridein
thebackofapickuporothertruck,
unlessthevehicleisequippedwith
seatsandthepersonusesboththe
seatandasafetybelt.
• do not transport animals in the
back of a pickup or other truck
unless the animal is properly
secured.
• do notleaveachildorananimal
unattendedinahotvehicle(see
page74).
• do nottowanyonewhoisriding
a bicycle, in a wagon, on roller
skates,rollerblades,skis,sled,toy
vehicle,orskateboard,etc.
-71-
• do not litter the roadside. The
fine is $1,000, and you may be
forcedtopickupwhatyouthrew
away.Litteringconvictionsshow
onyourdrivingrecord.
• do not wear eyeglasses with
templeswideenoughtokeepyou
fromseeingclearlytothesides.
• do not driveavehicleequipped
with a video monitor, if the
monitor is visible to the driver
anddisplaysanythingotherthan
vehicle information or global
mappingdisplays.
• do not honk your horn unless
itisasafetywarningtoavoida
collision.
• do notthrowanycigarette,cigar,
orotherflamingorglowingsub-
stancefromyourvehicle.
• do not shootfirearmsonahigh-
wayorattrafficsigns.
• do not blockyourviewbyput-
tingsignsorotherobjectsonthe
frontwindshieldorthebackside
windows.Donothangobjectson
the mirror. Windshield/window
stickers, etc., are permitted in
theselocationsonly:
– Aseven-inchsquareoneither
the passenger’s side wind-
shield, lower corner; or the
lower corner of the rear win-
dow.
– A five-inch square on the
lower corner of the driver’s
sidewindow.
– Thesidewindowsbehindthe
driver.
• do not driveanymotorvehicle
intoadesignatedwildernessarea
(CVC§38301.5).
• do not drive with illegally—
tinted safety glass. If you have
sun-sensitiveskin,youmayuse
removable sun screens during
daylighttravelifyouhavealetter
fromyourphysician.
• do notblockorhinderafuneral
procession.Vehicles taking part
inafuneralprocessionhavethe
right-of-way,andifyouinterfere,
obstruct,orinterruptthefuneral
procession you are subject to a
citation(CVC§2817).Afuneral
processionisledbyatrafficof-
ficer,andallvehiclestakingpart
intheprocessionhavewindshield
markerstoidentifythemandhave
theirheadlightson.
• do not ride,orallowachildto
ride,a“pocketbike”onapublic
streetorhighway.Thesevehicles
arenotmanufacturedordesigned
forhighwayuse,andtheydonot
meetfederalsafetystandards.
things you must Do:
• You mustdriveasfartotheright
asreasonablypossibleonnarrow
mountainroads,andifyoucannot
seeatleast200feetaheadhonk
yourhorn.
• You must use your headlights
30minutesaftersunsetandleave
themonuntil30minutesbefore
sunrise.
• You mustdimyourlightstolow
beamswithin500feetofavehicle
-72-
comingtowardyouorwithin300
feetofavehicleyouarefollowing.
• You mustturnonyourheadlights
ifsnow,rain,fog,orlow-visibility
(1,000feetorless)requiretheuse
ofwindshieldwipers.
• You must move your vehicle
out of the traffic lane (unless it
isdisabled)whenitissafetodo
so,ifyouareinvolvedinacolli-
sion.Lawenforcementmaytow
or impound your vehicle if it is
leftinanunsafeareaandcauses
safetyconcerns.
HeAltH AnD sAfetY
safety for the aging Driver
The department has published a
handbook specifically for senior
drivers. Please go online at www.
dmv.ca.gov toviewordownloada
copyoftheSenior Guide for Safe
Driving,orcall1-800-777-0133to
requestacopybymailorcontactthe
Senior Driver Ombudsman Program
inyourarea:
Sacramento/NorthernCalifornia
(916)657-6464
SanFrancisco/Oakland
(510)563-8998
Orange/SanBernardino/SanDiego
(949)553-3573
LosAngeles/Oxnard
(310)412-6103
gooD vision for all Drivers
Youneedgoodvisiontodrivesafely.
Ifyoucannotseeclearly,youcannot
judgedistancesorspottrouble,and
youwillnotbeabletomakethebest
judgements. You also need to see
peripherally or “out of the corner
of your eye” to spot cars coming
upbesideyou,whileyoureyesare
ontheroadahead.
Youmayseeclearlyandstillnotbe
able to judge distances. You need
gooddistancejudgmentsoyouknow
how far you are from other cars.
Manypeoplewhomayseeclearly
inthedaytimehavetroubleseeing
clearly at night. Some people see
poorlyindimlight.Othersmayhave
troublewiththeglareofheadlights.
Have your eyes checked every
yearortwo.Youmayneverknow
aboutpoorperipheralvisionorpoor
distancejudgment,unlessyouhave
youreyescheckedbyahealthcare
professional.
hearing
Hearingismoreimportanttodriv-
ingthanmanypeoplerealize.The
soundofhorns,asiren,orscreech-
ing tires can warn you of danger.
Sometimesyoucanhearavehicle;
butcannotseeit,especiallyifitis
inyourblindspots.
Evenpeoplewithgoodhearingcan-
nothearwelliftheradioorCDplayer
isblaring.Donotwearaheadsetor
earplugsinbothearswhiledriving;
itisagainstthelaw.
Hearingproblems,likebadeyesight,
cancomeonsoslowlythatyoudo
notnoticethem.Haveyourhearing
checked periodically. Drivers that
are deaf or hearing-impaired can
-73-
adjusttheirdriversafetyhabitsby
relyingmoreontheirseeingsense
and therefore, compensate for the
lossofhearing.
alertness
Whenyouaretired,youarelessalert.
Thebodynaturallywantstosleepat
night.Mostdriversarelessalertat
nightespeciallyaftermidnight.You
maynotseehazardsassoonorreact
asquickly,aswhenyouarerested
andalert;soyourchancesofhaving
a crash may be greater. If you are
sleepy,theonlysaferesponseisto
getofftheroadandgetsomesleep.
Tokeepfrombecomingtiredona
longtrip:
• Getanormalnight’ssleepbefore
youstartonyourtrip.
• Do not take any drugs that can
makeyoudrowsy.
• Donotdrivelonghours,andtry
nottodrivelateatnight.
• Take regular rest stops even if
youarenottired.
• Keepshiftingyoureyesfromone
partoftheroadtoanother.Lookat
objectsnearandfar,leftandright.
• Trychewinggumorsingingalong
withtheradio/CD.
• Roll your window down to get
somefreshair.
Ifyouaretiredallthetimeandfall
asleep often during the day, ask
yourphysiciantocheckforasleep
disorder.
meDications
Remember that all medications,
prescription or over-the-counter,
are potentially dangerous. Over-
the-countermedicinesthatyoutake
for colds and allergies can make
youdrowsyandaffectyourdriving
ability.Ifyoumusttakemedication
beforedriving,findouttheeffectsof
themedicationfromyourphysician
orpharmacist.It is your responsi-
bility to know the effects of the
medications you take.
Beforeyoudecidetodrive,donot:
• Mixmedications,unlessdirected
byyourphysician.
• Takemedicationsprescribedfor
someoneelse.
• Mix alcohol with your medi-
cations. This applies to both
prescribed and over-the-counter
medications.
hot Weather risks
Asstatedonpage20,itisagainst
thelawtoleaveunattendedminor
childreninavehicle.Additionally,
andequallyimportant,itisdanger-
ousanddeadlytoleavechildrenand/
or animals in a hot vehicle.After
sittinginthesun,withevenaslightly
openedwindow,thetemperaturecan
riserapidlyinsideaparkedvehicle.
Thetemperatureinsideavehiclecan
rise approximately 40-50 degrees
higherthantheoutsidetemperature.
Dehydration,heatstroke,anddeath
canresultfromoverexposuretothe
heat. Remember if it’s too hot for
you,it’stoohotforchildrenandpets.
-74-
health anD emotions
Your personality affects the way
youdrive.Donotletyouremotions
interferewithsafedriving.Useall
of your good judgment, common
sense,andcourtesywhenyoudrive
andfollowalltherecommendedsafe
drivingrules.
Discusshealthconcernssuchaspoor
vision,heartproblems,diabetes,or
epilepsywithyourphysicianandfol-
lowhisorheradvice.NotifyDMV
ifyouhaveaconditionthatmight
affectyourabilitytodrivesafely.
conDitions physicians must
report
Physiciansandsurgeonsarerequired
toreportpatientsatleast14years
ofageandolderwhoarediagnosed
ashavinglapsesofconsciousness,
Alzheimer’sDisease,orrelateddis-
orders.(CaliforniaHealth & Safety
Code§103900)
Althoughnotrequiredbylaw,your
physicianmayreporttoDMVany
othermedicalconditionthatheor
shebelievesmayaffectyourability
todrivesafely.
safety tips
According to the CHP, if your
vehicle becomes disabled on the
freeway:
• Safelypulltotherightshoulder.
Ideally,parkthevehiclenextto
acallbox,ifpossible.(Thereis
acallboxlocatedeveryquarter
miletotwomiles.)
• Ifyoumustexitthevehicle,exit
ontherightsideofyourvehicle,
awayfromtraffic.
• Onceyouarrangeforassistance,
return to your vehicle, get back
into the vehicle from the right
side(awayfromtraffic),andput
onyourseatbelts.
• Stayinsideyourvehiclewiththe
seatbeltsonuntilhelparrives.
Incertaincircumstances,exityour
vehicle, such as when there is not
enoughshoulderspaceorifthereis
aguardrailoranareatosafelystay
away from the freeway lanes, and
awayfromyourvehicle.Useyour
emergency blinking lights at your
discretion according to weather
conditions.Thelightsmaybehelp-
ful,buttheycouldalsoattractdrunk
drivers.
The California Highway Patrol’s
Freeway Service Patrol (FSP)
provides free emergency roadside
services during commute periods.
If you get stuck on the freeway
becauseyourautomobilestopsrun-
ning,FSPwill:
• Offeryouagallonofgasifyou
runout.
• “Jumpstart”yourvehicleifthe
batteryisdead.
• Refill your radiator and tape
hoses.
• Changeaflattire.
TheFSPprogram:
• Cannot tow your vehicle to a
privaterepairserviceorresidence.
-75-
• Doesnotrecommendtowservice
companies or repair and body
shops.
• Doesnottowmotorcycles.
• Does not assist vehicles which
havebeeninvolvedinacollision
unlessdirectedbytheCHP.
• Doesreportanycollisiontothe
CHP.
IfFSPcannotstartyourvehicle,it
will be towed free of charge to a
locationapprovedbytheCHP.FSP
will also contact additional assis-
tanceforyou.TheCHPwillnotify
anautoclubortowingservice.
TheFSPservesthefollowingareas:
• ValleyDivision–theSacramento
metroandTracyareas
• Golden Gate Division–the San
FranciscoBayArea
• CentralDivision–theFresnoarea
• Southern Division–the Los An-
gelesBasin
• Inland Division–the Riverside
area
• Border Division–the San Diego
andOrangeCountyareas
• Coastal Division–the Monterey
andSantaCruzareas
Call 1-800-TELLCHP (835-5247)
tofindoutiftheFSPoperateswhere
youareandhowtocontacttheFSP.
recorD confiDentiality
Most information in your driver
licensefileisavailabletothepublic.
Yourresidenceaddressmayonlybe
viewedbyauthorizedagencies.Your
mailing address, if different from
yourresidence,islessrestricted.
Records on the physical or men-
tal condition of a driver remain
confidential.
Youmayobtainacopyofyourdriv-
ingrecordatanyDMVofficefora
feewithvalididentification.
vehicle theft prevention tips
Ifyoufollowthesuggestionsbelow,
you can minimize your chances
of becoming the victim of vehicle
theft. In the United States, a ve-
hicleisstolenanaverageofevery
21minutes.Vehicletheftresultsin
coststothevictimanditincreases
insurancepremiums.Also,vehicle
thievesoftenusethestolenvehicles
tocommitothercrimes.
Vehicle thefts occur more often
wherelargegroupsofcarsareparked
at any time of day for extended
periods of time, such as shopping
centers, colleges, sporting events,
moviecomplexes,andlargeapart-
mentcomplexes.
Here are some tips you can use
to avoid becoming the victim of
vehicletheft:
• Never leave:
– Yourvehiclerunningandunat-
tendedeventodashintoastore.
– The keys in the ignition. Do
notleavekeysinsidealocked
garageorahide-a-keybox.
– Valuablessuchaspurses,lap-
tops,etc.,inplainviewevenif
your vehicle is locked. Place
themoutofsight.
-76-
– Personal identification docu-
ments, such as the ownership
title or credit cards in the
vehicle.
• Always:
– Rollupyourwindowsandlock
yourvehicleevenifitisparked
infrontofyourhouse.
– Parkinhigh-traffic,well-light-
edareaswheneverpossible.
– Reportastolenvehicleimme-
diatelytothepolice.
• Suggestions:
– Install a mechanical device
that locks the steering wheel,
column,orbrakes.
– Think about purchasing a
vehiclethefttracking/security
system,especiallyifyouown
one of the frequently-stolen
modelvehicles.
– When you must leave your
keywithavalet,attendant,or
mechanic,onlyleavetheigni-
tionkey.
– Copy your license plate and
vehicleinformationonacard,
andkeepthatinformationwith
youandnotinthecar.Thepo-
licewillneedthisinformation,
ifyourvehicleisstolen.
traffic Breaks
Trafficbreaksareusedbylawen-
forcementto:
– Sloworstoptraffictoremove
hazardsfromtheroadway.
– Conduct emergency opera-
tions.
– Prevent traffic collisions in
heavyfogorunusuallyheavy
traffic.
During a traffic break, the officer
turnsontherearemergencylights,
slowsthevehicle,anddrivesacross
the lanes of traffic in a serpentine
manner. To assist the officer in
conductingatrafficbreak:
– Activateyouremergencyflash-
erstowarnotherdriversthere
isahazardahead.
– Slowlybegintodecreaseyour
speed. Do not slow abruptly
unlessitisnecessarytoavoid
a collision. Slow to the same
speed as the officer, while
keeping a safe distance from
thepatrolvehicleaheadofyou.
– Donotattempttodrivepastthe
patrolvehicle.Donotacceler-
ateuntilthepatrolvehiclehas
turnedoffitsemergencylights
andtrafficconditionsaheadal-
lowthereturntonormalspeeds.
What a Driver shoulD Do
During an enforcement stop
Acknowledge the officer’s pres-
ence by turning on your right turn
signal. Activatingyoursignallets
the officer know that you recog-
nizehisorherpresence.Anofficer
may become alarmed if you fail
torecognizehimorherandmight
perceivethatyouhaveareasonto
avoidyieldingorthatyoumightbe
impaired.
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move your vehicle to the right
shoulder of the road.Theofficer
will guide you, using his or her
patrol vehicle. Do not move onto
the center median. Do not stop in
thecentermedianofafreewayor
ontheoppositesideofatwolane
roadway.Thisplacesboththedriver
andtheofficerindangerofbeinghit
byoncomingtraffic.
On a freeway, move completely
onto the right shoulder, even if
you’re in the carpool lane. Stop
inwelllitareaswhenpossible.Pull
yourvehicleasfarofftheroadway
aspossible.Whenitisdark,lookfor
locationsthathavemorelightsuch
asareaswithstreetorfreewaylights,
nearrestaurantsorservicestations.
End your cell phone conversa-
tion and turn off your radio. The
officerneedsyourfullattentionto
communicatewithyoutocomplete
the enforcement stop in the least
amountoftimeneeded.
Remain inside your vehicle unless
otherwise directed by the officer.
Neverstepoutofyourvehicle,un-
lessanofficerdirectsyoutodoso.
During an enforcement stop, the
officer’sprioritiesareyoursafety,
thesafetyofyourpassengers,and
theofficer’sownpersonalsafety.In
mostsituations,thesafestplacefor
you and your passengers is inside
yourvehicle.Exitingyourvehicle
without first being directed by an
officercanincreasetheriskofbeing
struckbyapassingvehicleand/or
increasetheofficer’sleveloffeeling
threatened.
Place your hands in clear view,
including all passengers’ hands
such as on the steering wheel,
on top of your lap, etc. During
an enforcement stop, an officer’s
inability to see the hands of the
driver and all occupants in the
vehicle increases the officer’s
level of feeling threatened. Most
violentcriminalactsagainstalaw
enforcementofficeroccurthrough
theuseofaperson’shands,suchas
the use of a firearm, sharp object,
etc. If your windows are tinted,
it is recommended that you roll
downyourwindowsafteryouhave
stopped your vehicle on the right
shoulderoftheroadwayandbefore
theofficermakescontactwithyou.
Actions tHAt resUlt in
loss of license
financial responsiBility
TheCaliforniaCompulsoryFinan-
cial Responsibility Law requires
everydriverandeveryownerofa
motorvehicletomaintainfinancial
responsibility(liabilitycoverage)at
all times. There are four forms of
financialresponsibility:
• A motor vehicle liability insur-
ancepolicy.
• Adepositof$35,000withDMV.
• A surety bond for $35,000 ob-
tainedfromacompanylicensed
todobusinessinCalifornia.
• A DMV issued self-insurance
certificate.
-78-
Youmustcarrywrittenevidenceof
financial responsibility whenever
you drive, and show it to a police
officerafteratrafficstoporcollision
whenaskedtodoso.Youmayhave
topayafineorhaveyourvehicle
impounded if you do not comply
withthislaw.
insurance
Insurance Requirements
The law states that you must be
financially responsible for your
actionswheneveryoudriveandfor
allthemotorvehiclesyouown.Most
drivers choose to have a liability
insurancepolicyasproofoffinancial
responsibility.Ifyouhaveacollision
not covered by your insurance, or
you do not have insurance, your
driverlicensewillbesuspended.If
thedriverisnotidentified,theowner
ofthemotorvehicleinvolvedina
collisionwillhavehisorherdriver
licensesuspended.
Theminimumamountyourinsur-
ance*mustcoverpercollisionis:
• $15,000 for a single death or
injury.
• $30,000 for death or injury to
morethanoneperson.
• $5,000forpropertydamage.
Call 1-800-927-HELP, before you
purchaseinsurancetoconfirmthat
your agent/broker and insurer are
licensedbytheCaliforniaDepart-
mentofInsurance.
* LowcostautomobilepoliciesareavailableinAlameda,
ContraCosta,Fresno,Imperial,Kern,LosAngeles,
Orange,Riverside,Sacramento,SanBernardino,San
Diego,SanFrancisco,SanJoaquin,SanMateo,Santa
Clara, and Stanislaus counties. Please contact your
insuranceagent.
IfyouarevisitingCaliforniaorhave
justmovedhere,beawarethatnot
allout-of-stateinsurancecompanies
are authorized to do business in
California. Before you drive here,
askyourinsurancecompanyifyou
arecoveredincaseofacollision.If
youhaveacollisioninCalifornia,
allthreeofthefollowingconditions
mustbemettoavoidthesuspension
ofyourdrivingprivilege:
1. Your liability policy must pro-
videbodilyinjuryandproperty
damagecoveragewhichequals
or exceeds the required limits
statedabove.
2. Your insurance company must
fileapowerofattorneyallowing
DMVtoactasitsagentforlegal
serviceinCalifornia.
3. You must insure the vehicle
beforeyoucometoCalifornia.
You cannot renew the out-of-
statepolicy,oncethevehicleis
registeredinCalifornia.
Collisions on Your Record
DMVretainsinformationonevery
collisionreportedtoDMVby:
• Law enforcement, unless the
reporting officer states another
personwasatfault.
• You,oranotherpartyinvolvedin
thecollision,ifanyonepersonhas
over$750indamageorifanyone
isinjuredordies.
Itdoesnotmatterwhocausedthe
collision; DMV must keep this
record.
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Provide law enforcement with the:
exact location
vehicle make & model
license plate
One call could save a life.
If you see a drunk driver
on the road, call 911.
G
e
t

v
a
l
u
e
s
.
Collisions, Insurance, and Minors
Ifyouareunder18yearsofage,your
parent(s) or guardian(s) must sign
yourdriverlicenseapplicationand
assumefinancialresponsibilityfor
yourdriving.Whenyoureachage
18, your parent(s) or guardian(s)
liabilityautomaticallyends.
If you are involved in a collision
your parent(s) or guardian(s) may
beliableforcivildamagesandyou
mayalsobefined.
EXCEPTION: Your parent(s) or
guardian(s) can have your license
cancelled at any time while you
areaminor.
alcohol/Drugs While Driving
Alcohol/Drugs and Driving Is
Dangerous
Alcoholand/ordrugsimpairsyour
judgment. Impaired judgment or
goodsense,affectshowyoureactto
soundsandwhatyousee.Itisalso
dangeroustowalkintrafficorride
abicycle,whileundertheinfluence
ofalcoholordrugs.Ittakesaboutan
hourforthebodytogetridofeach
“drink.” If a person has had more
thanonedrinkanhour,onehourof
“sobering up” time should be al-
lowedforeachextradrinkconsumed
beforedriving.Betterstill,someone
whohasnotbeendrinkingshould
drive(seepage86).
Muchofwhathasbeensaidabout
alcohol also applies to drugs.
California’s drunk driving law is
also a drug driving law. It refers
to “driving under the influence of
alcoholand/ordrugs.”Ifanofficer
suspects that you are under the
influenceofdrugs,theofficercan
legallyrequireyoutotakeabloodor
urinetest.Driverswhorefusethese
tests are subject to longer license
suspensionsandrevocations.
Theuseofanydrug(thelawdoesnot
distinguish between prescription,
over-the-counter, or illegal drugs)
whichimpairsyourabilitytodrive
safely is illegal. Check with your
physician or pharmacist and read
thewarninglabelifyouarenotsure
thattakingthemedicationwillaffect
yourdriving.Herearesomefacts:
• Mostdrugstakenforcolds,hay
fever,allergy,ortocalmnerves
or muscles can make a person
drowsy.
• Medicinestakentogetherorused
with alcohol can be dangerous.
Manydrugshaveunexpectedside
effectswhentakenwithalcohol.
• Peppills,“uppers,”anddietpills
canmakeadrivermorealertfor
ashorttime.Later,however,they
cancauseapersontobenervous,
dizzy,andnotabletoconcentrate.
Theycanalsoaffectvision.
Anydrugthat“maycausedrowsi-
nessordizziness”isoneyoushould
nottakebeforedriving.Makesure
youreadthelabelandknowtheef-
fectsofanydrugyouuse.
Carrying Alcohol in a Vehicle
Thelawisverystrictaboutcarry-
ing alcohol or drugs in a vehicle,
whetherthevehicleisonoroffthe
-82-
highway. You must not drink any
amountofalcoholinanyvehicle.
Acontainerofliquor,beer,orwine
carried inside the vehicle must be
full, sealed, and unopened. Other-
wise, it must be kept in the trunk
of the vehicle or in a place where
passengers do not sit. Keeping an
openedalcoholicdrinkintheglove
compartmentisspecificallyagainst
thelaw.
In a bus, taxi, camper, or motor
home, this law does not apply to
non-drivingpassengers.
Refertopage86fortheDesignated
DriverProgram.
Drivers Under 21 (Possession of
Alcohol)
Ifyouareunder21yearsofage:
• Youmaynotcarryliquor,beer,or
wineinsideavehicleunlessyou
are accompanied by a parent or
otherpersonasspecifiedbylaw
and the container must be full,
sealed,andunopened.
• Ifyouarecaughtwithanalcoholic
beverageinyourvehicle,itmaybe
impoundedforupto30days.The
courtmayfineyouupto$1,000,
andeithersuspendyourdriving
privilegeforoneyearor require
DMVtodelaytheissuanceofyour
firstlicenseforuptooneyear,if
youarenotalreadylicensed.
• Your driving privilege will be
revokedforoneyear,ifyouare
convictedofeitherdrivingwitha
BACof0.01%orhigher,ordriv-
ingwhileundertheinfluenceof
alcoholand/ordrugs.Onthefirst
offense you will be required to
completetheeducationalportion
of a licensed driving-under-the-
influence (DUI) program. A
subsequent offense may require
a longer DUI program and you
willnothavearestrictedlicense
toattendtheDUIprogram.
EXCEPTION: You may carry
alcoholic beverages in closed
containers, while working for
someone with an off-site liquor
saleslicense.
Drivers of All Ages
It is illegal to drive after consum-
ing excessive amounts of alcohol
inanyform(includingmedications
suchascoughsyrup),ortakingany
drug(includingprescriptionmedi-
cations),orusinganycombination
ofalcoholordrugs.
Blood Alcohol Concentration
(BAC) Limits
Itisillegalforanypersontooperate
avehiclewitha:
• BAC of 0.08% or higher, if the
personisage21orolder.
• BAC of 0.01% or higher, if the
personisunderage21.
• BACof0.01%orhigheratany
age, if the person is on DUI
probation.
• BACof0.04%orhigher,inany
vehicle requiring a commercial
driver license (CDL)—with or
without a CDL issued to the
driver.
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TheDMVcantakeanadministrative
actionagainstyourdrivingprivilege
after you are detained or arrested,
and thecourtmaytakeaseparate
action (suspend, revoke, or delay
the license) for the same offense.
DMV’s action is related only to
yourdrivingprivilege.Thecourt’s
action may involve the payment
of a fine, jail time, suspension, or
revocationofyourdrivingprivilege
andcompletionofaDUIprogram.
Similar provisions (California
Harbors and Navigation Code)
applywhenyouoperateanyvessel,
aquaplane, jet skis, water skis, or
similardevices.Theseconvictions
are placed on your driving record
and will be used by the court to
determine “prior convictions” for
motor vehicle DUI sentencing.
These convictions are also used
when determining the length of a
suspension or revocation action
orthereinstatementrequirements,
becauseofaviolationyoucommit-
tedwhiledrivingamotorvehicle.
aDmin per se
WhenyoudriveinCalifornia,you
consenttohaveyourbreath,blood
or, under certain circumstances,
urinetestedifyouarearrestedfor
drivingundertheinfluenceofalco-
hol,drugs,oracombinationofboth.
Under 21—Zero Tolerance for
Alcohol Use. If you are under 21
yearsofage,youmustsubmittoa
hand-held breath test, Preliminary
AlcoholScreening(PAS),oroneof
theotherchemicaltestsifyouhave
been detained andapolice officer
hasreasontobelieveyouweredrink-
ingalcohol.IfyourBACmeasures
0.01%orhigheronthePAS,theof-
ficermaytakeyourlicenseandissue
youatemporarylicenseforonly30
days,giveyouanorderofsuspen-
sionforoneyear,andthendetermine
whethertoreleaseyou,turnyouover
to juvenile authorities, or contact
yourparent(s)orguardian(s).You
mayrequestaDMVadministrative
hearingwithin10days.
IfyourPASshowsaBACof0.05%,
theofficermayrequireyoutosub-
mittoeitherabreathorbloodtest.
SomePASdevicesprovidearecord
whichmaybesubmittedtothecourt
asevidence.OtherPASdevicesdo
notprovidearecord,sotheofficer
mayaskforabreathorbloodtest
after the PAS. You do not have a
righttoconsultwithalawyerbefore
selectingorcompletingatest.
IfasubsequenttestrevealsaBAC
of0.05%orhigher,theofficerwill
issue you an order of suspension,
arrestyouforDUI(CVC§23140),
and detain you until you can be
turned over to your parent(s),
guardian(s),orjuvenileauthorities.
IfyourBACis0.08%orhigher,the
policeofficermayarrestyou(CVC
§§23152or23153).
If the officer reasonably believes
youareunderthecombinedinflu-
enceofalcoholanddrugsandyou
have already submitted to a PAS
and/orabreathtest,youmaystillbe
requiredtosubmittoabloodorurine
-84-
testbecausethebreathtestdoesnot
detectthepresenceofdrugs.
Ifyourefusetosubmittoanyofthe
tests,yourdrivingprivilegemaybe
suspendedbecauseofyourrefusal.
Evenifyouchangeyourmindlater
andagreetoatest,andyourBAC
measures 0.01% or higher on the
PAS,yourdrivingprivilegemaybe
suspendedforbothreasons,although
bothactionswillrunconcurrently.
court Dui convictions
If you are convicted of driving
whileundertheinfluenceofeither
alcoholand/ordrugsorboth(DUI),
and you have an excessive BAC
level, you may be sentenced to
serve up to six months in jail and
pay a fine between $390—$1,000
(plus about three times the fine in
penaltyassessments)thefirsttime
you are convicted. Your vehicle
may be impounded and is subject
tostoragefees.
Onthefirstconvictionthecourtwill
suspendyourdrivingprivilegeforsix
monthsandrequireyoutocomplete
a DUI program before your driver
licensecanbereinstated.Thelength
of the program may vary. If your
BAC is 0.15% or higher, and you
alreadyhavearecordofviolations
for other reasons, or you refuse to
submittoachemicaltest,thecourt
mayorderyoutocompleteanine-
month or longer program. If your
BAC is 0.20% or higher, and the
courtrefersyoutoanenhancedDUI
treatmentprogram,yourlicensewill
be suspended for 10 months. You
couldalsoberequiredtoinstallan
ignition interlock device (IID) on
yourvehicle.Acourtmayalsoorder
youtoinstallanIIDifyourBACis
0.15% or higher, or you have two
or more prior moving violations,
oryourefuseachemicaltestatthe
timeofyourarrest.AnIIDprevents
youfromstartingyourvehicleifyou
haveanyalcoholonyourbreath.If
anyone was injured as a result of
your driving under the influence,
thesuspensionperiodisoneyear.
Incasesinvolvingseriousinjuryor
death,youmaybepunishedunder
the California Three Strikes Law.
You may also face civil lawsuits.
AllDUIconvictionswillremainon
DMV’s records for 10 years. The
courts and/or DMV may impose
morestringentpenaltiesforsubse-
quentviolationsduringthatperiod.
ABACbelowlegallimitsdoesnot
meanthatyouaresafetodrive.Al-
mostalldriversshowimpairmentby
alcoholatlevelslowerthanthelegal
limit.The impairment you exhibit
atthetimeyouarestoppedmaybe
enough to convict you of driving
undertheinfluenceevenwithouta
BACmeasurement.
Drivers 21 and Older —DUI
Programs and Restricted
Licenses
ThecompletionofaDUIprogram
isrequiredforallDUIconvictions.
Generally,ifyouareover21years
of age, and you enroll in a DUI
program,fileaCaliforniaInsurance
ProofCertificate(SR22),andpay
-85-
therestrictionandreissuefees,DMV
will issue you a restricted driver
license,whichallowsyoutodrive
to/fromworkandduringthecourse
ofemployment(unlessyouholda
commercialdriverlicense)andto/
fromaDUIprogram.However,if
youareconsidereda“trafficsafety”
or“publicsafety”risk,ifpermitted
todrive,thecourtmayorderDMV
tonotgrantyouarestricteddriver
license. Other actions against you
mayalsoprohibittheissuanceofa
restrictedlicense.
SecondandsubsequentDUIconvic-
tions result in increased penalties,
includingatwo-yearsuspensionora
revocationofuptofouryears.After
you complete a prescribed period
ofyoursuspension/revocationand
eitherenrollin,orcompleteapor-
tion of, a DUI program, you may
obtainarestrictedlicensetodrive
anywherenecessary,ifyou:
• InstallanIIDonyourvehicle.
• Agree not to drive any vehicle-
withoutanIID.
• Agreetocompletetheprescribed
DUIprogram.
• FileanSR22.
• Pay the reissue and restriction
fees.
DesignateD Driver program
TheDesignatedDriverProgramis
ananti-DUIeffortthatworks.This
programencouragesoneindividual
toabstainfromconsumingalcoholic
beveragesduringanouting;soheor
shecanberesponsiblefortransport-
ingotherperson(s)safely.
Toparticipateasadesignateddriver,
anindividual:
• Shouldbeatleast21yearsofage
and must possess a valid driver
license.
• Must be part of a group of two
or more persons and verbally
identifyhimselforherselfasthe
designateddrivertotheserver.
• Must abstain from consuming
alcoholicbeveragesforthedura-
tionoftheouting.
• Mustnotbeanotherwiseimpaired
driver.
• Must understand that manage-
mentreservestherighttorefuse
servicetoanyoneatanytime.
getting a ticket
Ifyouarestoppedbyapoliceofficer
andcitedforatrafficlawviolation,
you sign a promise to appear in
trafficcourt.Whenyougotocourt,
youmaypleadguiltyornotguilty,
oryoumayforfeit(pay)thecitation
fine.Payingthefineisthesameas
aguiltyplea.
Ifyouignorethetrafficticketand
donotkeepyourpromisetoappear
incourt,thefailuretoappear(FTA)
goesonyourdriverrecord.Ifyou
failtopayafine(FTP),thecourtwill
notifyDMV,andthiswillalsoshow
onyourdriverrecord.EvenoneFTA
orFTPcancausethedepartmentto
suspend your license. Ending the
suspension willcost youalicense
reissuefeeof$55.
-86-
Each time you are convicted of a
moving traffic law violation, the
courtnotifiesDMV,andtheconvic-
tionisplacedonyourdriverlicense
record. Convictions reported by
otherstatesarealsoaddedtoyour
driverrecord.
evaDing a police officer
Anypersonwhowillfullyfleesor
attempts to evade a police officer
performing his or her duties is
guiltyofamisdemeanorpunishable
by imprisonment in a county
jail for not more than one year
(CVC§2800.1).
Ifapersonisconvictedofcausing
serious bodily injury during the
course of a police pursuit (CVC
§2800.3(a)),heorsheissubjectto:
• Imprisonment in a state prison
forthree,five,orsevenyears,or
inacountyjailfornotmorethan
oneyear.
• Afineofnotlessthan$2,000,nor
morethan$10,000.
• Bothafineandimprisonment.
Whenapersonisconvictedofman-
slaughter resulting from evading
policeduringapursuit,heorsheis
subject to imprisonment in a state
prisonforaminimumoffourtoten
years(CVC§2800.3(b)).
points on the Driver recorD
The DMV keeps a public record
of all your traffic convictions and
collisions. Each occurrence stays
on your record for 36 months, or
longer, depending on the type of
conviction.
TheNegligentOperatorTreatment
System(NOTS)isbasedonnegli-
gentoperatorpointsandconsistsof
acomputergeneratedseriesofwarn-
inglettersandprogressivesanctions
againstthedrivingprivilege.
Youmaybeconsideredanegligent
operator,whenyourdrivingrecord
showsoneofthefollowing“point
count”totals.
• 4pointsin12months
• 6pointsin24months
• 8pointsin36months
Some examples of one point
violations:
• Atrafficconviction.
• Anat-faultcollision.
Some examples of two point
violations:
• Reckless driving or hit-and-run
driving
• Driving under the influence of
alcohol/drugs
• Driving while driver license is
suspendedorrevoked
Ifyouget4pointsin12months,you
willloseyourdriverlicense.Aviola-
tionreceivedinacommercialvehicle
carries one and one-half times the
pointcountnormallyassessed.For
detailed point count information
refertotheCaliforniaCommercial
Driver Handbook.
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vanDalism/graffiti—
all ages
Californialawallowsthecourtsto
suspendthedriverlicenseforupto
twoyearsofapersonconvictedof
engaging in vandalism, including
graffiti.Ifyouareconvictedanddo
nothaveadriverlicense,thecourts
candelaytheissuanceofyourdriver
licenseforuptothreeyearsfromthe
dateyouarelegallyeligibletodrive.
speeD contests/reckless
Driving
A person convicted of driving
recklessly or engaging in a speed
contestwhichcausesbodilyinjury
toanotherpersonissubjectto:
• Imprisonmentinacountyjailor
stateprisonforaminimumof30
daysto6months,
• A fine ranging from $220—
$1,000,or
• Both a fine and imprisonment
(CVC§§23105and23109.1).
possessing firearms
Thecourtwill:
• Suspend or revoke the driving
privilegeofanyminorconvicted
of possessing a concealable
weaponorliveammunition,or
• Impose driver license sanctions
for minors convicted of misde-
meanorsinvolvingfirearms.
traffic violator school
Dismissals
Whenadriveriscitedforaonepoint
trafficviolation,thejudgemay offer
thedrivertheopportunitytoattend
a Traffic Violator School. Drivers
whodonothaveacommercialli-
censemayparticipateonceinany
18-monthperiodtohaveacitation
dismissedfromtheirdrivingrecord.
NOTE:Ifyouhaveacommercial
licenseandattendtrafficschool,the
citationwillstillappearonyourdriv-
ingrecord,regardlessofthetypeof
vehicleyouweredrivingwhencited.
suspension or revocation
By Dmv
Ifyougettoomanynegligentdriver
points,DMVwillplaceyouonpro-
bationforoneyear(whichincludes
asix-monthsuspension)or revoke
yourdrivingprivilege(seepage86).
Yoursuspensionorrevocationorder
informsyouofyourrighttoahearing.
Attheendofthesuspensionorre-
vocationperiod,youmayapplyfor
anewlicense,andyoumustshow
proofoffinancialresponsibility.
TheDMVwillrevokeyourlicense
ifyouareconvictedofahit-and-run
or reckless driving, which results
ininjury.
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veHicle reGistrAtion reqUirements
ThefollowingisabriefsummaryofCalifornia’svehicleregistrationrequire-
ments.PleasevisittheDMVwebsitetoobtaindetailedinformationatwww.
dmv.ca.gov.
california vehicles
WhenyoupurchaseaneworusedvehiclefromalicensedCaliforniadealer,the
dealercollectsusetaxandfeestoregisterandtitlethevehicle.
ThedealersubmitsthesefeesanddocumentstoDMVandgivesyoutemporary
operatingauthority.Usuallywithinsix—eightweeksafterthepurchasedate,
youwillreceivearegistrationcard,licenseplates,stickers,andaCertificate
ofTitle,ifappropriate.
Ifyouobtain or purchase avehiclefromaprivateparty,youmusttransfer
theownershipwithin10 days.SubmitthefollowingtoDMV:
• AproperlyendorsedandcompletedCertificateofTitleorApplicationfor
DuplicateTitle(REG227).
• Smogcertificationprovidedbythesellerifrequired.
• Usetaxpaymentifrequired.
• OdometerMileageDisclosureStatementifapplicable.
• AppropriateDMVfees.
Whenyousell or transferavehicle,reportittoDMVwithin 5 days.You
cancompletetheNoticeofTransferandReleaseofLiabilityform(REG138)
online,downloadandmailthecompletedform,orcallDMVat1-800-777-
0133torequestaformbymail.
suspension By JuDge
A judge may suspend a person’s
license,ifthedriverisconvictedof
oneofthefollowing:
• Breakingspeedlawsorreckless
driving.
• Driving under the influence of
alcoholordrugs.
• Hit-and-run.
• Engaging in lewd conduct and
prostitution in a vehicle within
1,000feetofaresidence.
• Assaulting a driver, passenger,
bicyclist, or pedestrian when
theoffenseoccursonahighway
(roadrage).
• Failure to stop as required at a
railwaygradecrossing.
• Felonyormisdemeanoroffenseof
recklesslyfleeingalawenforce-
mentofficer.
Regardlessofthepointcount,many
seriousoffensesinwhichavehicle
is used are punishable by heavy
penalties such as fines and/or im-
prisonment.Ifyouuseyourvehicle
asaweaponyourdriverlicensemay
bepermanentlyrevoked.
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out-of-state vehicles
Vehicles registered in another state or foreign country must be registered
in California within 20 days after you become a resident or get a job
(seepage2).
Nonresidentmilitarypersonnelandtheirspousesmayoperatetheirvehicles
inCaliforniawiththeirvalidhomestatelicenseplatesoruntiltheplatesis-
suedfromthestateoftheirlastassigneddutystationexpire.Theymayrenew
theregistrationintheirhomestatebeforeitexpiresorregisterthevehiclein
California.
Theitemsneededtoregisteranyout-of-statevehicleare:
• Completed and signed Application for Title or Registration
(REG343).
• VerificationofthevehiclecompletedbytheDMV,lawenforcementagent,
oranautoclubemployee.
• Out-of-statetitleand/orlastissuedout-of-stateregistrationcard,ifthetitle
isnotsubmitted.
• Smogcertification(1976andnewermotorvehiclesonly).
• Weightcertificateforcommercialvehiclesonly.
• AppropriateDMVfeesandusetaxifapplicable.
• CompletedOdometerMileageDisclosurestatementifapplicable.
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relateD fast facts anD other puBlications (availaBle online):
• FFDL05 Birth Date and Legal Presence Requirements
• FFDL08 Social Security Number Requirements for a
Driver License or Identification Card
• FFDL08A Supplemental Social Security Information for Applications with
VISA E1/E2 and L1/L2 (and others)
• FFDL10 Potentially Unsafe Driver
• FFDL14 Vision Requirements For Driving Class C Vehicles
• FFDL15 Retention of Driver Record Information
• FFDL16 Collisions, What To Do
• FFDL19 Provisional Licensing Changes
• FFDL22 How to Prepare for Your Driving Test
• FFDL24 Identity Theft
• FFDL25 Identity Fraud
• FFDL26 A Guide to the Driver Safety Administrative Hearing Process
• FFDL27 DMV’s Reexamination Process
• FFDL28 Driver Distractions
• FFDL29 Federal Hazardous Materials Requirements -
USA Patriot Act of 2001
• FFDL31 Ignition Interlock Devices
• FFDL32 Limited Term for Legal Presence -
Driver License and Identification Card Applications
• FFDL33 Selecting a Driving School
• FFDL34 Organ and Tissue Donation
• FFDL35 Driving Under the Influence -
Immediate Driver License Suspension:
Drivers age 21 and Older
• FFDL36 Driving Under the Influence - Immediate Driver License
Suspension: Drivers Under Age 21 With a 0.01% BAC
• FFDL37 Safety Tips for Bicyclists and Motorists
• FFDL40 Diabetes and Driving
• Senior Guide for Safe Driving (DL 625)
• Parent-Teen Training Guide (DL 603)
• Driving Test Criteria (DL 955)
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dmv.ca.gov
Distractions: A split
second can change or end
your life.
sAmple test #1
1.Whenyoudrivethroughaconstructionzone,youshould:
a. Slowdowntowatchtheworkers.
b. Decreaseyourfollowingdistance.
c. Passtheconstructionzonecarefullyandnot“rubberneck”.
2.Tomakearightturnatthecorner,you:
a. Maynotenterthebicyclelane.
b. Shouldonlymergeintothebicyclelaneifyoustopbeforeturning.
c. Mustmergeintothebicyclelanebeforeturning.
3.Ifatrafficsignallightisnotworking,youmust:
a. Stop,thenproceedwhensafe.
b. Stopbeforeenteringtheintersectionandletallothertrafficgofirst.
c. Slowdownorstop,onlyifnecessary.
4.Apedestrianiscrossingyourlanebutthereisnocrosswalk.Youshould:
a. Makesurethepedestrianseesyou,butcontinuedriving.
b. Carefullydrivearoundthepedestrian.
c. Stopandletthepedestriancrossthestreet.
5.Alwaysuseyourseatbelt:
a. Unlessthevehiclewasbuiltbefore1978.
b. Unlessyouareinalimousine.
c. Whenthevehicleisequippedwithseatbelts.
6.Theextraspaceinfrontofalargetruckisneededfor:
a. Otherdriverswhenmergingontoafreeway.
b. Thetruckdrivertostopthevehicle.
c. Otherdriverswhentheywanttoslowdown.
7.Roadsareslipperyafteritfirststartstorain.Whentheroadisslipperyyou
should:
a. Avoidmakingfastturnsandfaststops.
b. Testyourtires’tractionwhilegoinguphill.
c. Decreasethedistanceyoulookaheadofyourvehicle.
8.Collisionscanhappenmoreoftenwhen:
a. Allvehiclesaretravelingaboutthesamespeed.
b. Onelaneoftrafficistravelingfasterthantheotherlanes.
c. Onevehicleistravelingfasterorslowerthantheflowoftraffic.
A N S W E R S : 1 c , 2 c , 3 a , 4 c , 5 c , 6 b , 7 a , 8 c
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sAmple test #2
1.Whenyouentertrafficfromastop(awayfromthecurb),you:
a. Shoulddriveslowerthanothertrafficfor200feet.
b. Needalargeenoughgaptogetuptothespeedoftraffic.
c. Shouldwaitforthefirsttwovehiclestopass,thendriveintothelane.
2.Whenpassinganothervehicle,itissafetoreturntoyourlaneifyou:
a. Cannotseethevehicledirectlytoyourright.
b. Seethevehicle’sheadlightsinyourrearviewmirror.
c. Havepassedtheothervehicle’sfrontbumper.
3.Dim your headlights for oncoming vehicles or when you are within 300
feetofavehicle:
a. Youareapproachingfrombehind.
b. Approachingyoufrombehind.
c. Youhavealreadypassed.
4.Ifyouseeorangeconstructionsignsandconesonafreeway,youmust:
a. Slowdownbecausethelaneendsahead.
b. Bepreparedforworkersandequipmentahead.
c. Changelanesandmaintainyourcurrentspeed.
5.U-turnsinresidentialdistrictsarelegal:
a. Onaone-waystreetonagreenarrow.
b. Whentherearenovehiclesapproachingnearby.
c. Acrosstwosetsofsoliddouble,yellowlines.
6.You consent to take a blood test for the alcohol content of your blood,
breath,orurine:
a. Onlyifyouhavebeendrinkingalcohol.
b. WheneveryoudriveinCalifornia.
c. Onlyifyouhaveacollision.
7.Onagreenarrow,youmust:
a. Yieldtoanyvehicle,bicycle,orpedestrianintheintersection.
b. Yieldtopedestriansonlyintheintersection.
c. Waitfoursecondsbeforeproceeding.
8.Whendrivingatnightonadimlylitstreet,youshould:
a. Drive slowly enough so you can stop within the area lighted by your
headlights.
b. Turnonyourhighbeamheadlightstobetterseethevehiclesaheadofyou.
c. Keeptheinstrumentpanellightsbrighttobemorevisibletootherdrivers.
GOONLINEATWWW.dmV.CA.GOV FORMORESAMPLETESTS
• A N S W E R S : 1 b ; 2 b ; 3 a ; 4 b ; 5 b ; 6 b ; 7 a ; 8 a
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Page left
intentionally
blank
Mail to:
Address:
City, State, ZIP Code:
DL 600 ENGLISH (REV. 1/2011)
Products or services provided by advertisers are not promoted or endorsed by DMV.
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intentionally
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new 2011 lAws
Effective January 1, 2011 Motorcycle License Applicants Under 21 • Applicants under 21 years of age applying for a motorcycle license must complete an approved motorcycle training class, before applying for a permit and must hold the permit 6 months before the motorcycle license can be issued. Firefighter Endorsement Change • A firefighter, including a tiller operator, is required to have a valid noncommercial Class C license, or Commercial Class A or B license and a firefighter endorsement issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to operate firefighting equipment. Pedicab Operator Requirements • Operators of pedicabs for hire are required to hold one or more of the following documents: 1. A valid California driver license. 2. Proof of successful completion of a bicycle safety training course certified by the League of American Bicyclists or an equivalent organization as determined by the local authority, OR a valid California identification card and proof of successful completion of the written portion of the California driver’s license examination administered by the DMV.

A few offices offer only driver license or vehicle registration services.m.
Advertising sponsorship. but the significant contribution by the advertising sponsors is most appreciated. and Friday and from 9 a. instead of your fees. 7 days a week to: – Renew your driver license or vehicle registration with the Renewal Identification Number provided on your billing notice. – Speak to a DMV representative. forms. to 5 p. – Make an office appointment. Go online at: www.dmv.m.m.
• Call 1-800-777-0133 during normal business hours to: – Get driver license and vehicle registration information. directions.Dmv informAtion
DMV offices are open 8 a. and publications. please call the Office of State Publishing Advertising Department at 1-866-824-0603. If you would like to advertise in this publication. Tuesday.m. helps defray the printing costs of this publication. and phone numbers Making appointments (except for commercial driving tests) Ordering personalized plates Driver license and identification card information Vehicle/vessel registration information Downloadable forms Publications—handbooks. on Wednesday. on Monday. to 5 p. – Find office locations and hours. – Make a driving test appointment.
- ix -
. hours.gov for: • • • • • • • • • • • Field office locations. Thursday. You can pay with a credit card. The products and services provided by the advertising sponsors are not promoted or endorsed by DMV. Go online or call the toll-free number below to find the office locations and service options of an office near you.ca. brochures. and sample tests Senior driver information Teen driver information Links to other state and federal agencies Renew your driver license or vehicle registration • Call 1-800-777-0133 for automated service 24 hours a day.

dmv.ca.gov
Be courteous – We all want to get home safely!
.

DMV may require you to take a driving test. your vehicle may be impounded. You may also have to provide a statement from your physician regarding your current health condition. you can be cited.ca. California law requires that all applicants who apply for an original California DL/ID card submit proof of legal presence in the U. The California Legislature has declared that the DL or ID card is the primary identification document in this state. This handbook provides a summary of the laws and regulations outlined in the California Vehicle Code (CVC). The reliability. You may apply for a driver license at most DMV offices (see page ix). The CVC and California Code of Regulations (CCR) are available online at www. If you do not have outstanding actions on your record. and the courts follow the full and exact language of the CVC.S. as authorized under federal law.dmv. and demonstrate your ability to drive safely.GenerAl informAtion Disclaimer
Fees listed in the California Driver Handbook are subject to legislative change. If you have a medical condition or a disability.ca. you will receive a license after you pay the application fee. It is critical that these documents be completely authenticated and accurate. and you may have to appear in court. Your true full name as shown on your legal presence document will appear on your DL/ID card. law enforcement. pass all applicable examinations. and confidentiality of the California driver license (DL) and identification card (ID) is of prime concern to all levels of govern ment and the private sector.leginfo. A California driver license shows that you have been given permission by the state to drive on public roadways. It is a misdemeanor to drive in California without a valid driver license. If you do.gov or the Legislative website at www.
accurate iDentification
Basic information
- 1 -
. show that your physical and/or mental condition is satisfactory. You may also buy a copy of the CVC at any DMV office. integrity.gov. The Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV).

S. you must apply for a California driver license within 10 days. • Filing for a home owner’s property tax exemption. cancelled or revoked. Carry both your driver license and discharge or separation papers during those 30 days (CVC §12817).
Who must have a license?
NOTE: Your license is not valid if it has been suspended. New Residents When you become a California resident and you want to drive in California. Government on federal business. including the following: • Being registered to vote in California elections. Nonresident Military Personnel Stationed in California If you are 18 years of age or older. Military dependents do not qualify for this extension. Residency is established in a variety of ways.
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. • Receiving any other privilege or benefit not ordinarily extended to nonresidents. Adults Visiting California Visitors over 18 years old with a valid driver license from their home state or country may drive in California without getting a California driver license as long as their home state license is valid. • Paying resident tuition at a California college or university. see the rules for “California Residents” and “Adults Visiting California. Call 1-800-777-0133 to obtain an Extension of License for Person in Armed Forces (DL 236) card which extends your California license.tHe cAliforniA Driver license
California Residents California residents who drive on public highways or use public parking facilities must have a California driver license. unless they are: • Members of the Armed Forces or a United States (U.” Licensees eligible for military extensions should carry documentation from their home state to verify their status to law enforcement. if you are honorably discharged outside of California.) Government civilian employee who only drives vehicles owned or controlled by the U.S. your license will be valid for the full time you are absent from California and for 30 days following your discharge date. • Persons who drive registered offhighway vehicles or snowmobiles across a highway (other than a freeway). Armed Forces) If you are out-of-state on active military duty and have a valid California driver license. • Persons who drive farming vehicles not normally used on public highways.S. California Resident Military Personnel (U.

or a foreign passport or Mexican Border Crossing Card with a valid I-94.Minors Visiting California Visitors between 16 – 18 years old may drive with their home state license for only 10 days after arriving in California. your first California DL/ID card may expire on the same date as your legal presence document. • Marriage Certificate. U.S.S. Birth Certificate. Proof of Indian Blood Degree. and picture will also be taken (see page 4).
An acceptable birth date/legal presence or true full name document is issued by a county or state. or • Nonresident Minor’s Certificate (which is issued by DMV) to a minor with proof of financial responsibility. Depending on the birth date/legal presence document you present. they must have a: • Current California driver license. Examples of true full name verification documents include the following: • Adoption documents containing your legal name as a result of the adoption.dmv. Permanent Resident Card. Certificate of Naturalization. • Name change documents containing your legal name both before and after the name change. you must present an acceptable birth date/legal presence document and provide your social security number (SSN). This document is a certified copy of the original (the original is retained by the county or state) and contains an impressed seal or an original stamped impression.
acceptaBle Documents
- 3 -
. you must present photo identification. Passport. Armed Forces ID Cards. The I-94 expiration date must be more than 2 months from the DL/ID card application date. For any other DL/ID card transaction. A complete list of birth date/ legal presence documents is available online at www. signature.ca. If the name on your birth date/legal presence document is different from the name on your DL/ID card application. U. DMV will not accept a photocopy of the certified copy for birth date/legal presence or true full name verification. Your fingerprint.gov or in the Fast Fact brochure Birth Date and Legal Presence Requirements (FFDL 05).S. Examples of other acceptable birth date/legal presence documents are: U. you must also bring an acceptable true full name document.
oBtAininG A Driver license
When you apply for an original DL/ID card. After 10 days.

with visual acuity better than 20/200 in at least one eye without the use of a bioptic telescopic lens or similar bioptic device to meet the minimum vision acuity standard. If you refuse to sign this statement. Pass a vision test. This fee pays for both the instruction permit and driver license. repay the application fee. Have your picture taken. • Provide your true full name. and pass the required tests. • Provide your SSN. The fee is good for 12 months and allows you to take the appropriate law test(s) three times. with or without corrective lenses. You are allowed to use a bioptic lens for the behind-the-wheel road test. as a result of the court order. If you fail the law test and/or drive test three times your application will be
application requirements for a Basic class c Driver license
•
• • •
void.
If you are at least 18 years old. • Present an acceptable birth date/ legal presence document. Give a fingerprint scan. or registration document verifying the information of a domestic partnership. A bioptic lens restriction and daytime driving only restriction will be added to your driver record. you may be issued a California instruction permit. you must: • Submit a completed and signed DMV Driver or Identification Card application (DL 44) form.
To apply for a driver license. and retake the required tests. declaration. Your accompanying driver must be 18 years of age or older and have a valid California driver license. • Pay a nonrefundable application fee when you apply for any new or change of class permit or license. meet the application requirements. You must be able to pass a vision test. which will be electronically verified with the Social Security Administration. DMV will not issue a permit or license. This fee will not be returned. and a new application and fee are required. if you qualify for both documents within the 12-month period. If the application expires. Signing this form means you agree to submit to a chemical test to determine the alcohol or drug content of your blood when requested by a police officer. This person must be seated close enough
aDults’ permit requirements
- 4 -
.• A certificate. • Dissolution of marriage document containing your legal name. Sign your name. You must have an instruction permit while learning to drive. you must resubmit documents.

- 5 -
. • Comply with the requirements for a driving permit. • Complete the application requirements.to you that he or she is able to take control of the vehicle at any time.S. If you want to obtain professional driver education and driver training. you cannot carry passengers. you must pay a retest fee for a second or subsequent test and schedule a behind-the-wheel driving test for another day. – 3-axle vehicle weighing 6. Your out-of-state driver license will be invalidated and returned to you unless you are applying for a commercial license.
aDults’ license requirements
If you have an out-of-state or out-of-country driver license. – Housecar 40 feet or less. • Pass a traffic laws and road signs test.000 lbs. An instruction permit does not permit you to drive alone–not even to a DMV office to take the driving test.
license clAsses
This handbook is primarily for a basic Class C driver license. If you have never been licensed. and when you are ready you must schedule your behind-the-wheel driving test. refer to page 16. Behind-the-wheel driving tests are mandatory for outof-country driver license holders. but no more than 15 persons including the driver. If you fail the test.000 lbs. To get a motorcycle permit you must: • Be at least 18 years of age. territory licenses are normally waived. Class C license • You may drive a: – 2-axle vehicle with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of 26. and you cannot ride on the freeway. • Bring your valid out-of-state driver license to DMV. – 3-wheel motorcycle. or less gross. If you have a motorcycle permit. you must: • Complete all the steps required for a permit. • Make an appointment and bring your instruction permit with you to the behind-the-wheel driving test. NOTE: The behind-the-wheel driving test for holders of out-of-state or U. the department may require a behind-the-wheel driving test for any type of driver license application. you must ride during daylight hours only. or less. However. – Vanpool vehicle designed to carry more than 10 persons. • Pass the behind-the-wheel driving test. you must meet the following criteria: • Be at least 18 years old.

drunk driving. when towing is not for compensation. regardless of weight. unladen weight may tow any vehicle weighing 6.000 lbs.000 lbs. Parent-Teen Training Guide.000 lbs. GVWR when towing is not for compensation. including a tow dolly. Please refer to the above handbooks for additional information.000 lbs. or more. • You may tow a: – Single vehicle with a GVWR of 10. and California Motorcycle Handbook. • A passenger vehicle. unladen.000 lbs. – 5th-wheel travel trailer exceeding 10. but under 15. that he or she has not been convicted of reckless driving. The driver must keep in the vanpool vehicle a statement signed under penalty of perjury.000 lbs. • A farmer or employee of a farmer may drive: – Any combination of vehicles with a GVWR of 26.
• No motor vehicle under 4. (CVC §21715) Other classes of driver licenses/ endorsements are: • Noncommercial Class A • Noncommercial Class B • Commercial Class A • Commercial Class B • Commercial Class C • Motorcycle Class M1 • Motorcycle Class M2 • Commercial Endorsement for: – Doubles/Triples – Hazardous Materials – Passenger Transportation – Tank Vehicle • Ambulance Driver Certificate • Firefighter Endorsement • School Bus Endorsement • Tow Truck Driver Certificate • Verification of Transit Training Certificate Detailed information on other license types and endorsements can be found in the California Commercial Driver Handbook. if used. you may tow a: – Trailer coach or 5th-wheel travel trailer under 10. GVWR.9(j)). NOTE: • Class C licensees may not tow more than one vehicle.NOTE: The driver must have a valid medical certification on file with DMV and carry a valid medical card. Ambulance Drivers Handbook. may not tow more than one vehicle.000 lbs. and with endorsement. or hit-and-run in the last five years (CVC §12804. or less. if used exclusively in agricultural operations and it is not for hire or compensation. or less. Recreational Vehicles and Trailers Handbook.000 lbs.
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. or more gross. • With a vehicle weighing 4.

You may take the written.” An action may also be taken by DMV against your driving privilege or the driving privilege of anyone else who assists the applicant in the examination process. This includes. If any testing aid(s) are used during the written test. and emergency
Dmv examinations
- 7 -
. make an appointment online: www.ca.. – A licensed driver age 18 years or older with a valid driver license.m. windshield wipers. horn. parking brake. NOTE: DMV will not administer written or audio exams after 4:30 p. The use of testing aids is strictly prohibited. and the vehicle cannot have bald tires.
tHe eXAminAtion process Where to take the tests
Your driver license examinations include: • A vision test. if you have one. To save time. • A behind-the-wheel driving test. hand-held computer. You will be asked to locate the controls for the vehicle’s headlights. defroster.dmv.gov or call 1-800-777-0133 during normal business hours. The vehicle’s brake lights. (Bring your eyeglasses or contact lenses to the exam. – A vehicle that is safe to drive with valid registration and displays a front and rear license plate.) • A test of traffic laws and road signs. the written test will be marked as a “failure. to ensure you have sufficient time for testing. The driver’s side window must roll down. Written and vision tests are required when you apply for an original driver license or upgrade to a different class of driver license. For the driving test. or electronic communication devices such as a cell phone. if required. etc. You must have an appointment to take the behindthe-wheel driving test. and electric signals must work properly. and behind-the-wheel driving tests at any DMV field office which provides driver license services. but is not limited to: The California Driver Handbook. cheat sheets. vision. bring: – Your old driver license or instruction permit. The windshield must allow a full unobstructed field of vision and there must be two rear view mirrors (one on the left outside of the vehicle). – Proof that the vehicle is properly insured.

) For more information. refer to the Fast Fact Provisional Licensing Changes (FFDL 19) at www. NOTE: If you are at least 171/2 years of age.dmv. • Pass a traffic laws and road signs test. (Certificate of Enrollment in an Integrated [Classroom] Driver Education and Driver Training Program. To get a permit you must: • Be at least 151/2 years of age. you cannot get a license before you are 18 years old. signed by his/her parent(s) or legal guardian(s).flashers.gov. • Complete the Driver License or Identification Card application (DL 44) (see pages 4 and 5). refer to the Fast Facts brochure How to Prepare for Your Driving Test (FFDL 22) and sample tests which are available online at www. For more information. you must wait one week before retaking the test. you will need to provide proof that you: – Completed driver education (Certificate of Completion of Driver Education) OR – Are enrolled and participating in an approved integrated driver education/driver training program. or you must provide proof of driver education and driver training completion. but under 18 years of age.ca. The provisional permit is not valid until you start your behindthe-wheel driver training with an instructor or reach age 171/2. You must also wear your seat belt. • If you are 151/2–171/2 years of age.gov. If you fail the test. the driver’s name must show on the contract as the insured driver. NOTE: The behind-the-wheel driving test will be rescheduled if the vehicle does not meet the above requirements. Minors must have their application for a driver license.
A minor is a person under 18 years of age. If you have a permit and plan to drive outside of California.
- 8 -
. check licensing requirements in that state or country.dmv. However. or if you refuse to use your seat belt during the driving test. NOTE: Minors may not work as a driver for pay and they may not drive a school bus containing pupils. You must demonstrate how to use the parking brake.ca.
speciAl section minors minors’ permit requirements
• Have your parent(s) or guardian(s) sign the DL 44 form. or any change of driver license class. If you use a rental vehicle for the driving test. you may obtain a permit without completing driver education or driver training.

You have three chances to pass the test while your permit is valid.
The law allows the following exceptions when reasonable transportation is not available. • Provide parent(s) or guardian(s) signature(s) on your instruction permit stating that you have completed 50 hours of supervised driving practice (10 hours must be night driving) as outlined in the Parent-Teen Training Guide (DL 603). as long as you do not have any collisions or traffic violations.minors license restrictions
- 9 -
. spouse. A provisional permit does not allow you to drive alone – not even to a DMV office to take a driving test. Once you have your provisional license. The note must be signed by a physician with the diagnosis and probable date of recovery. which explains the necessity to drive and the date when this driving necessity will end (emancipated minors are excluded from this requirement): • Medical necessity to drive when reasonable transportation alternatives are inadequate. or a licensed or certified driving instructor. a licensed driver 25 years of age or older. your instructor will sign the permit to validate it. and you cannot transport passengers under 20 years of age. If you fail the behind-thewheel driving test. The person must sit close enough to you to take control of the vehicle at any time. unless you are accompanied by a licensed parent or guardian. or an adult 25 years of age or older. • Pass the behind-the-wheel driving test. A signed note must be kept in your possession for the following exceptions.ca.Your permit is not valid until you begin driver training. When you become 18 years old. you may drive alone. driving instructor. and 5 a. • Prove that you have finished both driver education and driver training. guardian. you must pay a retest fee for a second or sub-
minors’ permit restrictions
minors’ license requirements
sequent test and wait two weeks before you are retested.m. You must: • Be at least 16 years old. and it is necessary for you to drive.m.” During the first 12 months after you are licensed. You must practice with a licensed California driver: parent. You may keep your provisional photo license or pay a fee for a duplicate license without the word “provisional.dmv.gov/teenweb/ or call 1-800-777-0133 to request this booklet. the “provisional” part of your license ends.
exceptions . Visit the Teen website at www. you cannot drive between 11 p. • Have had a California instruction permit for at least six months.

dean. If you are under 18 years old. and their need to push themselves and the vehicle to the limit.
traffic violations
Nearly 50 percent of the drivers between 15 – 19 years of age are convicted of a traffic violation in their first year of driving. and injury rates of any age group. stating the reason and probable end date of the necessity to drive the immediate family member. Keeping Your Provisional License The DMV will track your driving record and take actions based upon any collisions or violations as follows: • If you get a traffic ticket and fail to appear in court. When you violate traffic laws. you increase your chances of having a collision. which often results in the loss of vehicle control and accounts for about 50 percent of all teen traffic convictions. or designee.
Teenagers as a group average twice as many collisions as adult drivers. Your risk of an injury collision is three times higher than the average driver’s risk. A physician’s note and a note signed by your parent(s) or legal guardian(s) is required.
actions against the provisional license
- 10 -
. • Employment necessity and the need to operate a vehicle as part of your employment. You must have declared yourself emancipated and provided DMV with Proof of Financial Responsibility (SR1P) in lieu of your parent(s) or guarantor(s) signature(s). EXCEPTION: These requirements do not apply to an emancipated minor. DMV will suspend your driving privilege until you pay the fine. The most common violation is for speeding. The note must be signed by the school principal. collision. your risk of a fatal collision is about 21/2 times that of the “average” driver. Traffic collisions are the leading cause of death for teenagers. The teenage collision rate per mile is four times greater than the adult driver collision rate per mile. DMV will suspend your driving privilege until you appear in court. lack of familiarity with the vehicle. • If you get a traffic ticket and fail to pay the fine. Studies show that the traffic deaths of new drivers are deadly combinations of their inexperience driving.• Schooling or school-authorized activity. The note must be signed by the employer verifying employment. while driving only half as many miles.
Teenage Traffic Deaths Drivers 15–19 years old have the highest traffic conviction. • The necessity to drive an immediate family member.

Cell phone use on the road. Get the picture? It is illegal and dangerous.
dmv..ca..gov
.

or probation will continue for its full term past your 18th birthday. stolen.) • If you are convicted of using alcohol or a controlled substance and you are between 13 – 21 years of age. stronger actions may be taken if your driving record justifies them. DMV will send you a warning letter. the fire department. Habitual Truant— Persons 13 – 18 Years of Age The court will suspend. If you do not have a driver license the court orders DMV to delay your eligibility to apply for a driver license. unless accompanied by your licensed parent or other licensed adult who is at least 25 years of age. delay.• If you have one “at fault” collision or conviction within 12 months. restrict. If your cell phone rings. or another emergency entity in an emergency situation. • If you have a second “at fault” collision or conviction (or combination of both) within 12 months.
Other. • Convictions for violations of this law are subject to fines. You should also present photo identification. • If you have additional “at fault” collisions or point count convictions while on probation. you will be suspended again. if your driving privilege has been suspended or revoked. You may also be required to complete a Driving-Under-the-Influence (DUI) program. (Traffic law violations resolved in Juvenile Court are also reported to DMV. • If you have a third “at fault” collision or conviction (or any combination) within 12 months. a health care provider. you may not drive in California. Remember. • It is against the law for a minor to use a cell phone while driving. you will be suspended for six months and placed on probation for one year. you will not be issued a temporary license. or revoke your driving privilege for one year if you are convicted of being a habitual truant from school. do not answer the call or respond to the text. Any restriction.
miscellAneoUs licensinG informAtion to replace a lost/stolen or DamageD license
- 12 -
. you must go to a DMV office and pay a fee for a replacement license. • Exceptions: You may use a cell phone to contact law enforcement. the court orders the DMV to suspend your driver license for one year. you cannot drive for 30 days. or damaged. suspension.
minors anD cell phones
If your driver license is lost. If DMV cannot confirm your identity.

• You are not suspended for driving with an illegal Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level. Follow the instructions on the renewal notice. fingerprint. go online or call to make an appointment to renew your driver license (see page ix). internet or telephone without taking a law test. be sure to change your name with the Social Security Administration (SSA) before coming into DMV. When you legally change your name because of marriage or other reasons. A new picture. • You have not violated a written promise to appear in court or to pay a fine within the last two years.ca. or refusing or failing to complete a
reneWal By mail or internet
license reneWals
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. or California Motorcycle Handbook. For other types of licenses refer to the California Commercial Driver Handbook. A driving test may be required as part of any driver license transaction. along with your marriage certificate or other acceptable verification of your “true full name” (see page 3). If you have not received two consecutive five-year driver license extensions. and signature will be taken and your old photo DL/ID card will be invalidated and returned to you. DMV will electronically verify your name. you may be eligible to renew by mail. Destroy the old license if you find it later.If you are a minor. birth date. The DMV issues a driver license for five years. Driving tests are not required simply because of age. and social security number (SSN) with the SSA. you will not be issued a temporary license. If you do not receive a renewal notice. if: • Your current license expires before age 70. If DMV cannot confirm your identity.gov or by mail.dmv. Once a replacement license is issued. You must complete the Driver License or Identification Card application (DL 44) and pay the applicable fee. It is against the law to drive with an expired driver license. the previous license is no longer valid. Recreational Vehicles and Trailers Handbook. • You do not have a probationary license (CVC §14250). Bring your driver license to DMV in person.
name changes
Qualified drivers may be eligible to renew their license online at DMV’s website at www. The DMV sends a renewal notice to your address of record about two months before your driver license expires. your parent(s) or guardian(s) must sign the DMV application form (DL 44). The license expires on your birthday in the year shown on the license.

NOTE: If you renew by telephone. If you are away from California (up to one year). and request a DMV 14 form be mailed to you. You may also download a Change of Address (DMV 14) form and mail it to the
organ anD tissue Donation
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. allergies. REmINdER: The U. Show it to any police officer who asks to see it. A new driver license is not issued when you change your address. the DMV representative will give you a Change of Address Certificate (DL 43) to complete and carry with your license. PO Box 942890. or call DMV at 1-800-777-0133.dmv. birth date.gov. If you change your address at a field office.
license extension
license in your possession
address on the form. and date the paper and carry it (do not use tape or staples) with your driver license or identification card. Postal Service does not forward DMV correspondence. You may notify DMV of your address change for your driver license. You may also type or write your new address on a small piece of paper. identification card. CA 94290-0001. When you apply for or renew your driver license or ID card. you must show it to the other driver(s) involved (see page 69). If you are in a collision.chemical or preliminary alcohol screening test within the last two years. check “YES! I want to be an organ and tissue donor” to place your name on the Donate Life California Organ Tissue Donor Registry. sign. California residence address. Mail your request to DMV. driver license number. Include your name. You may sign up to donate your organs and tissue for transplantation after your death. A space is provided on the back of your driver license or identification card to record your address change.ca. There is no fee to change your address. and out-of-state address. It can be carried with your DL/ID card. Call 1-800-777-0133 to obtain a free Medical Information Card (DL 390) to list your blood type. Sacramento. and other medical information. name of physician. You must always have your driver license with you when you drive. you may request a free one-year extension before your driver license expires. you need to have the Renewal Identification Number (RIN).S. Limited term drivers are not eligible for this extension. you must give DMV your new address within 10 days. You may also financially contribute at
meDical information carD
aDDress changes
When you move. and vehicle(s) online at www. • You do not have a total violation point count greater than one point.

this time, or by visiting the Donate Life California website. If you are older than 13, and under 18 years of age, you may register with Donate Life California, provided your parent(s) or guardian(s) authorize the donation. For more information about the donor registry, adding restrictions to your gift, and the donation process, visit the Donate Life California website at donateLIFEcalifornia.org, or call 1-866-797-2366. It is against the law to loan your vehicle to a person who is unlicensed or whose driving privilege has been suspended. If an unlicensed person is caught driving your vehicle, it may be impounded for 30 days (CVC §14607.6). No person of any age may drive on a highway or in a public parking facility unless he or she has a valid driver license or permit. The law also states that you must not employ, permit, or authorize any person to drive your vehicle on a public street or highway, unless he or she is licensed to drive that class of vehicle. A person must be at least 21 years old to drive most commercial vehicles for hire in interstate commerce and to transport hazardous materials or wastes.

Nonresidents who possess a valid diplomatic driver license issued by the U.S. Department of State are exempt from California driver licensing equirements. r DMV issues ID cards to persons of any age. To obtain an original ID card, you must present a birth date/ legal presence verification document (see page 3) and provide your social security number (see page 13). The ID card is valid until the sixth birthday after the issue date. The fee for an ID card may be reduced, if you meet certain income requirements for specific public assistance programs. NOTE: Governmental or non-profit organizations determine whether an individual meets the requirements for a reduced-fee ID card. If you are age 62 or older, you may obtain a free Senior Citizen ID card that is good for 10 years.

Diplomatic Driver licenses

iDentification (iD) carD

unlicenseD Drivers

Drivers with physical or mental (P&M) conditions may need to be reexamined from time to time by a physician, or be retested more often than every five years by a DMV examiner to obtain a limited-term driver license. Drivers who are no longer able to drive safely because of a P&M condition may exchange their

free iD carDs for physical anD mental (p&m) conDitions

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valid driver license for a no-fee ID card, if certain guidelines are met. Go online at www.dmv.ca.gov or call 1-800-777-0133 for additional information. When learning to drive, you should seek qualified instruction, either with an accredited public or private high school or a state licensed professional driving school. DMV licenses professional schools and instructors in California that meet rigid qualifying standards. Schools must carry liability insurance, hold a bond, and maintain complete records for DMV inspection. ehicles are subject to annual V inspection. Instructors must pass a written examination every three years or show proof of continuing education in the traffic safety field. If you use the services of a professional driving school, ask to see the instructor’s identification card. Go online at www.dmv.ca.gov or refer to the fast fact brochure Selecting a Driving School (FFDL 33) for additional information. The Mature Driver Program is an eight-hour course for drivers 55 and older. This course covers a variety of topics of special interest to the mature driver and is available from DMV approved course providers. Your insurance company may offer discounts for those who complete the class and receive a completion certificate The certificate is valid .

for three years and can be renewed by completing a four-hour course. Pedestrians (including joggers) should be aware of traffic conditions. Watch out for aggressive drivers before assuming that you have the right-of-way when crossing a street. Be aware that hybrid and electric vehicles are virtually silent when running on electric power and you may not hear them approaching an intersection. Yield the right-of-way to vehicles, when you cross a street between intersections and in areas with no pedestrian crosswalks or signals. REmEmbER: Making eye contact with a driver does not mean that the driver will yield the right-of-way. Do not suddenly leave a curb or other safe place and walk or run into the path of a vehicle close enough to be a danger to you. This is true even though you are in a crosswalk. The law states that drivers must always yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian–but if the driver cannot stop in time to avoid hitting you the law will not prevent you from being hit. Always obey traffic signals. Whether the intersection has pedestrian signals or traffic lights, you must obey the pedestrian rules (see pages 23-26). At an intersection where traffic is not controlled by signals, drivers are required to yield the right-of-way to pedestrians within any crosswalk, marked or unmarked.

peDestrian responsiBilities

Driving schools

mature Driver program

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When a signal first changes to green or “WALK”, look left, right, and then left again, and yield the right-of-way to any vehicle in the intersection before the signal changes. If the signal begins blinking or changes to “DON’T WALK,” or to an upraised hand after you have gone part way across a divided street, you may continue across the street. Do not stop or delay traffic unnecessarily while crossing a street. Pedestrians are not permitted on any toll bridge or highway crossing, unless there is a sidewalk and signs stating pedestrian traffic is permitted. If there are no sidewalks, walk facing oncoming traffic (see graphic). Do not walk or jog on any freeway where signs tell you that pedestrians are not allowed. Do not walk or jog in a bike lane unless there is no sidewalk. If there are no sidewalks, walk facing oncoming traffic (see graphic). Do not walk or jog on any freeway where signs tell you that pedestrians are not allowed. Do not walk or job in a bike lane unless there is no sidewalk. At night, make yourself more visible by: • Wearing white, light , or reflective material clothing. • Carrying a flashlight.

seAt Belts
Seat belts, both the lap belt and shoulder harness, must be in good working order. You may not operate your vehicle unless you and all your passengers six years of age or older, or who weigh 60 lbs. or more, are wearing seat belts. Younger children must be seated in a federallyapproved child passenger restraint system. You and your passengers must wear seat belts while your vehicle is moving on public roads and on private property, such as public parking lots. If seat belts are not worn by any of your passengers, you and the passenger(s) may both be cited. You will be cited if a passenger, younger than 16 years of age, is not wearing his or her seat belt. Always use your seat belts (including the shoulder harness) even if the vehicle is equipped with air bags. You can have shoulder harnesses or seat belts installed in older vehicles. Even if you wear only a lap belt when driving, your chances of living through a collision are twice as high as someone who does not wear a lap belt. If you wear a lap and shoulder belt, your chances are three to four times higher to live through a collision. Pregnant women should wear the lap belt as low as possible under the abdomen, and the shoulder strap should be placed between the breasts and to the side of the abdomen’s bulge. WARNING: Using seat belts reduces the risk of being thrown from

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A seat belt may keep you from being “knocked out. you are not thrown from the vehicle. Your vehicle stops when you collide. At 30 mph this motion is equivalent to hitting the ground from the top of a threestory building.” It actually takes less than a second to take off a seat belt. • “I’m only going to the store. My little brother or sister doesn’t need to be secured in a safety seat. Shoulder harnesses may be available for your vehicle. if it is not already equipped with them. Seat belts and shoulder harnesses keep you in a better position to control the vehicle and may minimize serious injuries. Do not take chances with your life or the lives of your passengers. The following graphics illustrate what can happen in a collision.” More than half of all traffic deaths happen within 25 miles of home. • “Seat belts are good on long trips. This myth often describes a vehicle that caught fire or sank in deep water. serious or fatal injuries may happen in some crashes. Buckle up every time you drive regardless of travel distance. If you do not install and use a shoulder harness with the seat (lap) belt. your chances to escape are better if you are conscious.” Your chances of surviving a collision are five times better if.” Car collisions are the number one preventable cause of death for children. Lap-only belts increase the chance of spinal column and abdominal injuries—especially in children.
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. but you keep going at the same speed you were traveling. • “Some people are thrown from a vehicle in a crash and walk away with hardly a scratch.your vehicle in a collision. A seat belt can keep you from being thrown into the path of another vehicle. until you hit the dashboard or windshield.
Many studies and actual crash tests have proven safety belts can reduce injuries and deaths. the impact could push you back and forth across the seat. The law requires that you buckle children into a federally-approved child passenger restraint system.” Therefore. upon im-
mistaken Beliefs aBout seat Belts
pact. but I don’t need them if I’m driving around town.
If you are struck from the side. Have you heard these myths? • “Seat belts can trap you inside a vehicle.

if you can do this while maintaining full control of the vehicle. As your child grows.Any child under the age of six years and weighing less than 60 lbs. check with these agencies to confirm that the car seat is the correct size for your child. Ride at least 10 inches (measured from the center of the steering wheel to your breastbone) from the air bag cover.
chilD restraint system anD safety seats
• Is riding in a rear-facing child passenger restraint system. but less than 16 years.. and weighing less than 60 lbs. Passengers should also sit at least 10 inches away from the passengerside air bag. An air bag needs about 10 inches of space to inflate. A child may not ride in the front seat of an airbag-equipped vehicle if the child: • Is less than one year of age. However.. • Weighs less than 20 lbs. must be secured in a federally-approved child passenger restraint system and ride in the back seat of a vehicle. The biggest risk is being too close to the air bag. you should consider the benefits and
riDing safely With air Bags
siDe-impact air Bags
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. and children under age six years. A child under the age of six years. If you cannot safely sit 10 inches away from the air bag. children who are seated next to a side air bag may be at risk of serious or fatal injury. contact your vehicle dealer or manufacturer for advice about additional ways of moving back from your air bag. • All rear seats are already occupied by children under the age of 12 years. that may provide this service or refer you to a Child Passenger Safety (CPS) Technician in your area. who weigh more than 60 lbs. Most people can take steps to eliminate or reduce air bag risk without turning off air bags. may ride in the front seat of a vehicle only in the following instances : • There is no rear seat or the rear seats are either side-facing jump seats or rear-facing seats. Children ages six years and older. • A medical reason requires the child to ride in the front seat. • The child passenger restraint system cannot be properly installed in the rear seat. must be properly secured in an appropriate child passenger restraint system or safety belt which meets federal safety standards. Proper child passenger restraint system installation can be checked by contacting local law enforcement agencies or fire departments. Since side air bags are different in design and performance. Side-impact air bags can provide extra safety benefits to adults in side-impact crashes.

” The red signal is about to appear. Make the right turn only when it is safe. These studies also show that children who are traveling in a correctly installed child restraint system appropriate to age and weight are not at risk of serious injury. Red Arrow–A red arrow means “STOP.
unattenDeD chilDren in motor vehicles
Solid Red–A red signal light means “STOP.” After stopping. bicyclists. stop if you can do so safely. Do not turn against a red arrow. Also. When you see the yellow light. Example: Leaving a child in a closed vehicle on a very hot day.” You do not need
trAffic liGHts AnD siGns traffic signal lights
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.
It is illegal to leave a child six years of age or younger unattended in a motor vehicle. Be aware if: • Weather conditions or other conditions present a significant risk to the child’s health or safety. If you cannot stop safely. Studies have shown that children who are leaning against a side air bag when it inflates are at risk of serious injury. • The vehicle’s engine is running. or both.” You can make a right turn against a red light after you stop then yield to pedestrians. EXCEPTION: The child may be left under the supervision of a person 12 years of age or older. Do not turn if a “NO TURN ON RED” sign is posted. Solid Yellow–A yellow s i g n a l l i g h t m e a n s “CAUTION. cross the intersection cautiously. The court may fine a violator and require him or her to attend a community education program. Flashing Yellow–A flashing yellow signal light warns you to “PROCEED WITH CAUTION. Children may start or move the vehicle causing injuries and/or deaths to themselves or others. keys are in the ignition. or dies. which could be the green or red light or the red arrow.” Remain stopped until the green signal or green arrow appears. These children are usually not in the path of a side air bag when it inflates. Observe the right-of-way rules. Yellow Arrow–A yellow arrow means the “protected” turning time period is ending.risks associated with the use of side air bags if you transport children. you may proceed when it is safe. DMV and court penalties for leaving an unattended child in a vehicle are more severe if the child is injured. and vehicles close enough to be a hazard. requires emergency medical services. Flashing Red–A flashing red signal light means “STOP. Be prepared to obey the next signal.

” If you are turning left. bicyclist. A green light means “GO. make the turn only if you have enough space to complete the turn before creating a hazard for any oncoming vehicle. Traffic Signal blackout–If a traffic signal light is not working. bicyclists. but you must first yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians and then proceed with caution. Some signals may provide a beeping or chirping sound or a verbal message. “ d o n ’ t Wa l k ” o r “Raised Hand” lights mean you may not start crossing the street. Pedestrian signals show words or pictures similar to the following examples: “Walk” or “Walking Person” lights mean it is legal to cross the street. obey the traffic signal lights. bicyclist. Flashing “don’t Walk” or Flashing “Raised Hand” lights mean do not start crossing the street because the traffic signal is about to change. but you must slow down and be especially alert before entering the intersection. and allows pedestrians the flexibility to speed up if the crossing phase is about to expire. as if the intersection
is controlled by a stop sign in all directions. At many traffic signals. If you block the intersection. F l a s h i n g Ye l l o w A r ro w – T h i s s i g n a l means turns are permitted (unprotected).to stop for a flashing yellow light. Do not enter the intersection if you cannot get completely across before the light turns red. If the flashing starts after you have already started to cross. Countdown signals indicate how many seconds remain for crossing.
peDestrian signal lights
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. The green arrow allows you to make a “protected” turn. you can be cited. or pedestrian in the intersection. If there are no pedestrian signals. Oncoming vehicles. or pedestrian. Solid Green–Give the right-of-way to any vehicle. and pedestrians are stopped by a red light as long as the green arrow is lighted. bicyclist.” You must turn in the direction the arrow is pointing after you yield to any vehicle. or pedestrian still in the intersection. proceed cautiously. These signals are designed to help blind or visually impaired pedestrians cross the street. you need to push the pedestrian push button to activate the “Walk” or “Walking Person” signal. finish crossing the street as quickly as possible. Green Arrow–A green arrow means “GO.

Here are the common shapes used: An eight-sided red STOP sign indicates that you must STOP make a full “STOP” whenever you see a STOP sign. Stop before entering a crosswalk or at a white limit line.The shape and color of a sign offers you a clue about the information contained on the sign. playgrounds. school buses. which is usually on a freeway off ramp. X-shaped signs with a white background that state RAILROAd CROSSING indicate that you must slow down and be ready to stop. back out or turn around and return to the road you were on. Some warning signs have a florescent yellow-green background. If you see one or both of these signs. if necessary. schools. A square red and white DO NOT regulatory sign indi. When safe. The sign may be shown with or without words. bicyclists. Many warning signs are diamond-shaped.
O S R S C IN O G R A IL R A D
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. A five-sided sign indicates that you are near a school. Stop if children are in the crosswalk.
traffic signs
If a sign has a red circle with a red line through it. A four-sided diamond-shaped sign warns you of specific road conditions and dangers ahead. the WRONG dO NOT ENTER sign WAY means: do not enter a road or off ramp where the sign is posted. If a crosswalk or limit line is not painted on the street. to let any trains pass before you proceed. the road reflectors will shine red in your headlights.WRONG WAY tion. and school passenger loading zones.” The picture inside the circle shows what you cannot do. The WRONG WAY sign may or may not be posted with the dO NOT ENTER sign. These signs warn of conditions related to pedestrians. For example. which is a wide white line painted on the street. Obey all warning signs regardless of their shape (see pages 24 and 25 for examples). bicyclist. At night if you are going the wrong way. or pedestrian pass before you proceed. it always indicates “NO. drive to the side of the road and stop.DO NOT cates that you must ENTER ENTER follow the sign’s instruc. A yellow and black circular sign indicates that you are R R approaching a railroad crossing. A three-sided red YIELD sign indicates that you must slow down and be ready to stop. stop at the corner. A white rectangular sign indicates that you must obey important rules. You are going against traffic. to let any vehicle. if necessary.

even if the crosswalk is in the middle of the block. skateboard. and bicycle riders. Always stop for any pedestrian crossing at corners or other crosswalks. When crossing. or watching carefully to ensure the right-of-way of bicyclists and motorcyclists. Never assume other drivers will give you the right-of-way. • Allow older pedestrians. together with courtesy and common sense. • Do not drive on a sidewalk.General Information Right-of-way rules.. or wheelchair for transportation. yield to all pedestrians. Pedestrian deaths occur in 17 percent of all traffic fatalities. Statistics show that right-of-way violations cause a high percentage of injury collisions in California. Pedestrians may be at risk walking near hybrid and electric vehicles. Use extra caution when driving near pedestrians. • Do not stop in a crosswalk. at corners with or without traffic lights. speeding. motorcycle riders. Yield to the pedestrian. except to cross it to enter or exit a driveway or alley. Pedestrians Pedestrian safety is a serious issue. whether or not the crosswalks are marked by painted lines. • Remember. other than a bicycle. You will place pedestrians in danger. making unsafe lane changes. so it is important that
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. disabled pedestrians and pedestrians with young children sufficient time to cross the street. A pedestrian is a person on foot or who uses a conveyance such as roller skates. A pedestrian can also be a person with a disability using a tricycle. because these vehicles are virtually silent while operating. • Respect the right-of-way of pedestrians. or illegal turns. A pedestrian you cannot see may be crossing the street. etc. such as failing to stop at a stop sign or traffic light. Drive cautiously when pedestrians are near
lAws AnD rUles of tHe roAD right-of-Way rules
because they may suddenly cross your path. • Do not pass a vehicle that has stopped at a crosswalk. especially pedestrians. It is important to respect the right-of-way of others. Motorists must respect the right-of-way of others by not violating traffic laws. if a pedestrian makes eye contact with you. quadricycle. help to promote traffic safety. he or she is ready to cross the street. • Important: Blind pedestrians rely on the sound of your vehicle to become aware of your vehicle’s presence. Respecting the right-of-way of others is not limited to situations such as yielding to pedestrians in crosswalks.

Most intersections have a pedestrian crosswalk whether or not lines are painted on the street. slow down and be ready to stop. freeway entrances. Before turning a corner. yield to traffic and pedestrians on the through road. • When you turn left.
Intersections An intersection is any place where one line of roadway meets another roadway. Crosswalks are often marked with white lines. Crosswalks A crosswalk is the part of the roadway set aside for pedestrian traffic. bicyclists. On divided. Look for pedestrians and be prepared to stop. Intersection collisions account for more than 45 percent of all reported crashes and 21 percent of fatalities according to the Federal Highway Administration. • At intersections without “STOP” or “YIELD” signs. Drivers of hybrid or electric vehicles must remain especially aware that the lack of engine noise may cause a blind pedestrian to assume there is not a vehicle nearby. and any other location where vehicles traveling on different highways or roads join each other. Driving through an intersection is one of the most complex traffic situations motorists encounter. alleys. Yellow crosswalk lines may be painted at school crossings. Intersections include cross streets. crosswalks in residential areas are not marked. Some crosswalks have flashing lights to warn you that pedestrians may be crossing. watch for people about to cross the street. look for motorcyclists. • At “T” intersections without “STOP” or “YIELD” signs. yield to the vehicle or bicycle which arrives first. side streets. They have the right-of-way. but they can also be located in the middle of the block. this gesture usually means for you to go (additional information regarding blind pedestrians can be found on pages 62 and 63). highways
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. Most crosswalks are located at corners. or to the vehicle or bicycle on your right if it reaches the intersection at the same time as you. be sure to check for pedestrians crossing the street and bicyclists coming up behind you on the right. Most often. Follow this cue: – When a blind person pulls in his or her cane and steps away from the intersection. When you turn right. and pedestrians. Also.you stop your vehicle within 5 feet of the crosswalk. Pedestrians have the right-of-way in crosswalks. Also. Yield to traffic and pedestrians already in the intersection or just entering the intersection. give the rightof-way to all vehicles approaching that are close enough to be dangerous. whether or not the lights are flashing.

yield to traffic before reentering the road. If your wheels are pointed to the left. and exit (yellow car). • When there are “STOP” signs at all corners. etc. • If you miss your exit. and exit in the lane you entered (red car). choose your entry or exit lane based on your destination as shown in the graphic. you could be pushed into oncoming traffic. keep your wheels pointed straight ahead until it is safe to start your turn. Vehicles entering or exiting the roundabout must yield to all traffic including pedestrians.or highways with several lanes. the vehicle facing downhill must yield the right-of-way. For example. For roundabouts with multiple lanes. watch for vehicles coming in any lane you cross. • If you have parked off the road or are leaving a parking lot. and a vehicle hits you from behind. On Mountain Roads When two vehicles meet on a steep road where neither vehicle can pass. continue around until you return to your exit. Roundabouts A roundabout is an intersection where traffic travels around a central island in a counter-clockwise direction. by backing up until the vehicle going uphill can
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. • Turn left. • Use your turn signals when you change lanes or exit the roundabout. Safety suggestion: While waiting to turn left. Do not stop or pass other vehicles.
Multiple and single lane roundabout
When you approach a roundabout: • Slow down as you approach the roundabout. Turn either left or right only when it is safe. stop first then follow the above rules. • Drive in a counter-clockwise direction. choose either lane. • Enter the roundabout when there is a big enough gap in traffic. to: • Turn right at the intersection. choose the right-hand lane and exit in the right-hand lane (blue car). • Watch for signs and/or pavement markings that guide you or prohibit certain movements. • Go straight through the intersection.. choose the left lane. • Yield to pedestrians and bicyclists crossing the roadway.

The faster you go. foggy. California has a “Basic Speed Law. For example. Towing Vehicles. snowing. the maximum speed limit is 55 mph on two-lane undivided highways and for vehicles towing trailers. you may only drive in either of the two lanes closest to the right edge of the road. you could be cited for driving “too fast for conditions. you must drive in the right hand lane or in a lane specially marked for slower vehicles. The force of a 60 mph crash is not just twice as great as a 30 mph crash. All speed limits are based on ideal driving conditions.” This law means that you may never drive faster than is safe for current conditions. rough. wet.
speeD limits
Construction zones usually have reduced speed zones. or driving faster than safe for current conditions on any road is dangerous and illegal. even if you think it is safe. Driving faster than the posted speed limit. Unless otherwise posted. graveled. wide. Other speed limit signs are posted for the type of roads and traffic in each area. The vehicle facing downhill has the greater amount of control when backing up the hill.” You may never legally drive faster than the posted speed limit.
reDuceD speeDs
maximum speeD limit
The maximum speed limit on most California highways is 65 mph. the less time you have to avoid a hazard or collision. • Bicyclists or pedestrians walking on the road’s edge or crossing the street. or drive a bus or three or more axle truck. unless you are already in the extreme right lane. You may drive 70 mph where posted. dry. you may be given a ticket. if you are driving 45 mph in a 55 mph speed zone during a dense fog. • Whether it is raining. Buses. When traveling below the speed limit always move to the right when another driver is close behind you and wishes to drive faster. your speed should depend on: • The number and speed of other vehicles on the road.pass. if you block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic by driving too slowly. or dusty. If you choose to drive slower than other traffic. or narrow. or Large Trucks When you tow a vehicle or trailer. do not drive in the “Number 1” (fast) lane (see page 31). High speed increases your stopping distance. it’s four times as great! Heavy Traffic or Bad Weather You must drive slower when there is heavy traffic or bad weather.
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. Regardless of the posted speed limit. windy. However. • Whether the road surface is smooth. If no lanes are marked and there are four lanes or more in your direction.

never drive faster than 25 mph. or parked cars at intersections can block your view to the side.
All vehicles must stop
Near schools. If your view is blocked. • Stopped school buses and children crossing the street. bushes. parks.000 feet of a school while children are outside or crossing the street. When the bus flashes red lights (located at the top front and back of the bus). look for: • Bicyclists and pedestrians. Be sure to obey their directions.Around Children When driving within 500 to 1. playgrounds. you do not need to stop. Some school
buses flash yellow lights when preparing to stop to let children off the bus. you may be fined up to $1. and your driving privilege could be suspended for one year.000. Near Railroad Tracks The speed limit is 15 mph within 100 feet of a railroad crossing where you cannot see the tracks for 400 feet
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. The yellow flashing lights warn you to slow down and prepare to stop. Also. Trees. allow him or her to safely get to the side of the road before driving ahead. For the crossing guard’s safety. An intersection is considered “blind” if there are no stop signs at any corner and you cannot see for 100 feet in either direction during the last 100 feet before crossing. If the school bus is on the other side of a divided or multilane highway (two or more lanes in each direction). Some school zones may have speed limits as low as 15 mph. if the school grounds have no fence and children are outside. The law requires you remain stopped as long as the red lights are flashing (CVC §22454). many children have not yet developed the ability to judge speeds and distances well enough to cross streets safely when cars are moving fast. Also. Alleys The speed limit in any alley is 15 mph. the speed limit is 25 mph unless otherwise posted. edge forward slowly until you can see. you must stop from either direction until the children are safely across the street and the lights stop flashing. • School safety patrols or school crossing guards. Always drive more carefully near schools. Blind Intersections The speed limit for a blind intersection is 15 mph. buildings. and residential areas because children may suddenly dart into the street. If you fail to stop.

If you are on the tracks you risk injury or death. If the gates are lowered and you do not see a train approaching. from the nearest track when the crossing devices are active or a person warns you a train is coming. If you need to stop after crossing the tracks. Do not proceed across the tracks until you can see clearly in both directions and are sure there are no light rail transit vehicles or trains coming. Remember that a train cannot stop quickly or swerve out of the way. Stop if you see a train coming or you hear the whistle. At railroad or train crossings:
• Look in both directions and listen for trains. Many crossings have multiple tracks. Near Streetcars. Trolleys.
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. • Watch for vehicles that must stop before they cross train tracks. horn. Do not go around or under any lowered gate. These vehicles include buses. make sure your vehicle clears the tracks before you stop.in both directions. call the posted railroad emergency toll-free number or 9-1-1. Flashing red lights indicate you must stop and wait. Light Rail Transit Vehicle Crossings The same rules apply to light rail transit vehicle crossings as to freight train crossings. Be ready to give a detailed description of your location. • Do not go under lowering gates or around lowered gates. even if the gate rises. • Expect a train on any track at any time traveling in either direction. if necessary. so be ready to stop before crossing. when safe to pass. or Buses The passing speed limit. and trucks transporting hazardous loads. Do not proceed over the crossing until the red lights stop flashing. is no more than 10 mph. This speed limit applies at a safety zone or an intersection where a streetcar. but not more than 50 feet. or bell of an approaching train. • Never stop on the railroad tracks. a warning signal.
• Remember that flashing red lights mean STOP! Stop at least 15 feet. NOTE: Light rail transit vehicles are very quiet and accelerate more quickly than freight trains. or a flag man. Cross railroad tracks only at designated crossings and only when it is safe to do so. school buses. You may drive faster than 15 mph if the crossing is controlled by gates.

trolley. Double solid lines: DO NOT pass. Do not drive on or over this barrier or make a left turn or a U-turn across it except at designated openings (see diagram).
choosing a lane
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. • In a carpool lane that has a designated entrance on the left. slow down and follow directions from the person in charge of the animals. such as one-way streets. Two sets of solid double yellow lines spaced two or more feet apart are considered a barrier. Near Animals If you see animals or livestock.
trAffic lAnes
Examples of lane markings
Two solid yellow lines indicate no passing. Business or Residential Districts The speed limit is 25 mph. Never drive to the left of these lines unless you are: • Turning left at an intersection. slow down or stop. You will most often see safety zones in areas where street cars or trolleys and vehicles share the roadway. A safety zone is marked by raised buttons or markers on the road and is set aside for pedestrians.
B
(1) (2) (3)
Solid yellow line: No passing if solid yellow line is on your side.
Solid yellow lines mark the center of a road used for two-way traffic.” etc. unless otherwise posted. broken white lines separate traffic lanes on roads with two or more lanes in the same direction. broken yellow lines indicate that you may pass if the broken line is next to your driving lane. Traffic lanes are often referred to by number. or bus is stopped and traffic is controlled by a police officer or traffic signal. If you see a stray animal in your path. if it is safe. Broken yellow line: May pass if movement can be made safely.” The lane to the right of the “Number 1 Lane” is called the “Number 2 Lane.
line colors
Solid white lines mark traffic lanes going in the same direction. • Instructed by construction or other signs to drive on the other side of the road because your side of the road is closed or blocked.” then the “Number 3 Lane. • Turning into or out of a private road or driveway. The left or “fast” lane is called the “Number 1 Lane.

follow through. To drive faster. signal. Stay in one lane as much as possible.Example of numbered traffic lanes
• Look for all vehicles. Once you start through an intersection. motorcyclists. When you choose to drive slowly or enter or turn off the road. use the left lane. Never drive off the paved or maintraveled portion of the road or on the shoulder to pass. • Entering the freeway from an on-ramp. You may pass on the right only when: • An open highway is clearly marked for two or more lanes of travel in your direction. and bicycle traffic in your blind spot. • The driver ahead of you is turning left and you do not drive off the roadway to pass.
Right Wrong
Drive in the lane with the smoothest flow of traffic. If you can choose among three lanes. continue until you can safely and legally turn around. • Glance over your left or right shoulder to make sure the lane you want is clear. Before changing lanes. Last minute changes may cause collisions. If you miss a turn. railroad crossings. or turn left. pick the right lane for the smoothest driving. pass. Do not weave in and out of traffic. If you start to make a turn. keep going. use the right lane. • Be sure there is enough room for your vehicle in the next lane.
passing lanes
changing lanes
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. • Entering the road from a curb or the shoulder. and shopping center entrances is dangerous. Never pass on the left. and: • Check traffic behind and beside you. The edge of the main-traveled portion of the road may have a painted white line on the road’s surface. if the driver is signaling a left turn. Changing lanes includes: • Moving from one lane to another. pick the middle lane for the smoothest driving. Pass traffic on the left. look ahead for road conditions and traffic that may cause other vehicles to move into your lane. Before you pass. Passing other vehicles at crossroads. If there are only two lanes in your direction. look in all your mirrors.

because they must drive more slowly and are usually restricted to the right-hand lane. buses.
center left turn lanes
A center left turn lane is located in the middle of a two-way street and is marked on both sides by two painted lines. and drive completely inside the center left turn lane. Make sure the lane is clear in both directions and then turn only when it is safe. Then you may drive into the center left turn lane. signal and wait until it is safe. This lane is not a regular traffic lane or a passing lane. Do not stop with the back of your vehicle blocking traffic. preparing to start their left turn.
may only drive for 200 feet in the center left turn lane. Enter traffic only when it is safe. or you drive a low-emission vehicle displaying a special DMV-issued decal. You
Signs at the on-ramp or along the freeway tell you the minimum number of people per vehicle required for the carpool lane(s).
BIKE LANE
BIKE LANE
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. Do not cross over double parallel solid lines to enter or exit any carpool lane except at designated entry or exit places. You may use a carpool lane or on-ramp if your vehicle carries the posted minimum number of people required for the carpool lane. These signs also list the days of the week and the hours when the carpool requirement applies. unless otherwise posted. The inner line is broken and the outer line is solid. The pavement in this lane is marked with a diamond symbol and the words “Carpool Lane. When turning left from a side street or driveway.” These lanes are also known as highoccupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. If a street has a center left turn lane.5 (c)) or start a permitted U-turn. motorcycles. look over your shoulder. or decaled low-emission vehicles. To turn left from this lane. Look for vehicles coming toward you in the same lane. Motorcycle riders may use designated carpool lanes. signal. you must use it when you turn left (CVC §21460.
Vehicles towing trailers are typically not allowed to use carpool lanes.carpool/high occupancy vehicles (hov) lanes
A carpool lane is a special freeway lane used only for carpools.

a bicycle lane follows specific width requirements and is clearly marked as a bike lane. be prepared to exit the freeway or for the lane to end. It also alerts motorists of the location a bicyclist may occupy within the traveled roadway. • Treat a bicycle lane the same as other traffic lanes. etc. and five or more vehicles are following you.You may drive across a center left turn lane to turn left or to turn into a driveway. • Do not turn into the lane if there is a bicyclist in the bike lane. which are ending will usually be marked by large broken lines painted on the pavement.
turnout areas anD lanes
from a simple white line showing the edge of the road.
enD-of-lane markings
Bicycle lanes
A bicycle lane is a designated traffic lane for bicyclists. Drive into these areas to allow cars behind you to pass. If you are driving slowly on a two-lane highway or road where passing is unsafe. Special “turnout” areas are sometimes marked on two-lane roads.
shareD roaDWay Bicycle markings (sharroWs)
Sharrows are used to remind motorists that bicyclists are allowed to lawfully use this portion of a lane. Do not drive in the bicycle lane at any other time. • Do not obstruct bicycle traffic by reducing the width required for safe bicycle passage. Yield to oncoming traffic. typically breaking into a dotted line at the corner. If you are driving in a lane marked with these broken lines. Different
Sharrows are used to assist bicyclists with positioning on a shared roadway. you must enter the bicycle lane only after ensuring there is no bicycle traffic. Some two-lane roads have passing lanes. marked by a solid white line. typically three to four feet. Look for a sign that tells you to exit or merge. as well as some city street lanes. and then make the turn. Freeway lanes. drive into the turnout areas or lanes to let the vehicles pass.
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. When you are making a right turn and are within 200 feet of the corner or other driveway entrance.

Begin signaling about 100 feet before the turn. Stop behind the limit line. When you turn left. Bicyclists may occupy the center of the lane when conditions such as a narrow lane or road hazard make it unsafe to ride in a position that may provide room for a vehicle to pass. and ample room for movement and unexpected
•
•
• •
•
•
•
road conditions. Not drive in a bike lane unless initiating a turn at an intersection or driveway. Merge safely where it is allowed. Look over your left shoulder and reduce your speed. typically 3 feet. Be careful when approaching or passing a bicyclist on a two lane highway or freeway. Do not squeeze a bicyclist off the road. Merge toward the curb or into the bike lane only when it is safe. Allow bicyclists enough room to avoid colliding with vehicle doors that are opened into traffic. bicyclists are entitled to share the road with other drivers.
tUrns
Left turns–To make a left turn. drive close to the center divider line or into the left turn lane. Here are some critical points for drivers and bicyclists to remember: Motor vehicle drivers must: • Pass a bicyclist as you would a slow moving vehicle.You may park in a bicycle lane if your vehicle does not block a bicyclist and/or there is not a “No Parking” sign posted. then right. Not try to pass a bicyclist just before making a turn. and make the turn when it is safe. Bicyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as vehicle and motorcycle drivers. and not more than 200 feet in advance. Bicycles are small and may be hidden in a vehicle’s blind spot. Change lanes and pass with caution only when it is safe. Respect the rightof-way of bicyclists because they are entitled to share the road with other drivers.
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. Always look carefully for bicyclists before opening doors next to moving traffic or before turning. drivers should follow at a safe distance. then turn. Allow sufficent clearance. Make a visual check for bicyclists when changing lanes or entering traffic. Remember. do not turn too soon and “cut the corner” of the lane belonging to the vehicles coming towards you. then left again. When it is safe the bicyclists should move to a position that allows vehicles to pass. Drivers of motorized bicycles should use bicycle lanes carefully to avoid collisions with bicyclists. With any slow-moving vehicle. Look left. When passing a bicyclist in the travel lane ensure enough width for the bicyclist.

Watch for bicyclists or motorcyclists who may get between your vehicle and the curb. drive into the bike lane no more than 200 feet before the turn. If there is no sign to prohibit the turn. you could be pushed into oncoming traffic. A left turn against a red light can only be made from a one-way street onto a one way street. Start the turn in the left lane closest to the middle of the street. bicyclists. Do not swing wide into another lane of traffic. Use the center left turn lane if one is available. Begin signaling about 100 feet before the turn. you may turn right. Complete the turn. Always use your turn signals. or other vehicles moving on their green light. Complete your turn in the right lane.
1
examples of right anD left turns
1
*2
2. You may turn left into a left-moving. Begin and end the turn in the lane nearest the righthand curb. bicyclists. If there is a bike lane. Yield to pedestrians. if permitted by signs or arrows. Look both ways and turn when it is safe. 1. one-way street if there is no sign to prohibit the turn. keep your wheels pointed straight ahead until it is safe to start your turn. Right turn. No turn against a red arrow–You may not turn right or left against a red arrow. Yield to pedestrians. Do not turn wide into another lane. motorcyclists. motorcyclists.Example of a left turn
TC CU
O
DO N
OT
Safety suggestion: While waiting to turn left. drive close to the right edge of the road. Left turn from a two-way street.
Example of a right turn
DO NOT
T
N WIDE UR
Right turn against a red light–Signal and stop for a red traffic light at the limit line or at the corner.
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. if safe. Right turns–To make a right turn. in either lane of the cross street (shown by arrows). or other vehicles moving on their green light. Watch for pedestrians. If your wheels are pointed to the left and a vehicle hits you from behind.
RN
ER
The numbers on the cars in the diagrams refer to the numbered sentences on these pages. A left turn may be made from the other lane. Signal and stop for a red traffic light at the limit line or corner. Stop behind the limit line. Look over your right shoulder and reduce your speed.

signs or pavement
7. To make a U-turn. Right turn from a one-way street into a one-way street. You may make a legal U-turn: • Across a double yellow line when it is safe and legal. 5. Left turn from a one-way street into a one-way street. Start the turn from the far left lane. Watch for vehicles. as shown by the arrows. Turn into either of the lanes that are safely open. as shown by the arrows. Left turn from a one-way street into a two-way street. motorcyclists. as shown by the arrows. Start the turn from the far left lane. Start the turn in the far right lane. and bicyclists between your vehicle and the curb because they can legally use the left turn lane for their left turns. Watch for pedestrians. motorcyclists. Through traffic has the right-of-way. • In a residential district:
legal u-turns
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. signal and use the far left lane or the center left turn lane. Turn into any lane that is safely open.and bicyclists between your vehicle and the curb.
one y wa
5
6
*
4. Sometimes. and bicyclists inside your turn. 6. 3.
markings will let you turn right from another lane. signs or pavement markings will let you turn right from another lane as shown by the graphic 2 . Turn into any lane that is safely open. Start the turn from the lane closest to the middle of the street. Left turn from a two-way street into a one-way street.
7
A U-turn is turning your vehicle around in the street to go back the way you came. as shown by the graphic 6 . Sometimes. If safe. Turn at a “T” intersection from a one-way street into a two-way street. you may end the turn in any lane. You may turn either right or left from the center lane.

• When other vehicles may hit you. apartments. or other reason. • On a divided highway by crossing a dividing section. • At an intersection on a green light or green arrow. clubs. curb. • On a divided highway. – Whenever a traffic sign.
pArKinG parking on a hill
When you park: • On a sloping driveway. • On a one-way street. multiple dwelling houses. Set the parking brake.
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. • In business districts. unless a “No Uturn” sign is posted. fog. strip of land. • Headed uphill. or two sets of double yellow lines. and public buildings (except schools) are also considered to be business districts. Areas with churches. • In front of a fire station. hill. turn your front wheels away from the curb and let your vehicle roll back a few inches. only if an opening is provided in the center divider. or signal protects you from approaching vehicles. turn the wheels so the vehicle will roll away from the center of the road if the brakes fail. • Where a “No U-Turn” sign is posted. Always set your parking brake and leave the vehicle in gear or in the “park” position. The wheel should gently touch the curb. Never make a U-turn: • At or on a railroad crossing. • Headed either uphill or downhill when there is no curb. Set the parking brake.
illegal u-turns
down hill
up hill
no curb-up hill or down hill
parking at coloreD curBs
Painted colored curbs have the following special parking rules: White–Stop only long enough to pick up or drop off passengers or mail. turn the wheels so the vehicle will not roll into the street if the brakes fail. turn your front wheels into the curb or toward the side of the road. Never use a fire station driveway to turn your vehicle around. Turn only at an intersection or where openings are provided for turns. light. • Headed downhill. • Where you cannot see clearly 200 feet in each direction because of a curve. rain.– If there are no vehicles approaching you within 200 feet.

Examples of placard abuse: • Using a placard after it has been reported lost or stolen without reporting that the placard was found. It is also a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of up to $1. Disabled people with a placard or special plates may park in special areas for unlimited periods of time. etc.
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. • Interchanging placards with friends or family members.) blue–Parking is permitted only for a disabled person or a driver of a disabled person who displays a placard or a special license plate for disabled persons or disabled veterans. dmv. or parking. or both.
Example of crosshatched (diagonal lines) area
Red–No stopping.ca. (Buses may stop at a red zone marked for buses. Look for a posted sign next to the green zone for time limits. • Using a placard when the person it was issued to is not in the vehicle with you (disabled child.gov to obtain a form for a
NOTE: Placard abuse results in the loss of special parking privileges. Drivers of noncommercial vehicles are usually required to stay with the vehicle.Green–Park for a limited time.000. family member. Qualified persons may apply at any DMV office or visit the DMV website at www. disabled employer. Yellow–Stop no longer than the time posted to load or unload passengers or freight. • Loaning your placard to friends or family members (disabled or not). An identification card will be issued to holders of disabled person or disabled veteran license plates.). standing. No one other than a disabled person or a driver of a disabled person may park there.
parking placard or special plates. A crosshatched (diagonal lines) area adjacent to a designated disabled parking space is a no parking area. or locate the time limit painted on the curb. regardless of time restrictions. imprisonment in county jail for up to six months. • Using a deceased person’s placard.

• Between a safety zone and the curb. park completely off the pavement and stay in your vehicle with the doors locked until help arrives. unless you are disabled and display a placard or special plates.) • On the wrong side of the street. • On or within 71/2 feet of a railroad track. sidewalk. Park parallel to the street if there is no curb. • In a space designated for parking or fueling zero-emission vehicles which display an identifying decal.
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. or – When an officer or device requires a stop. partially blocking a sidewalk. • Do not open the driver’s side door unless it is safe and you do not interfere with traffic.
illegal parking
• On a freeway.8). • At a red curb. Your vehicle should be visible for at least 200 feet in each direction. if it is painted in a crosshatched (diagonal) pattern (CVC §22507. or in front of a driveway. • Within three feet of a sidewalk ramp for disabled persons or in front of or on a curb that provides wheelchair access to a sidewalk. • Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant or a fire station driveway. • In a tunnel or on a bridge. • On a marked or unmarked crosswalk. • Never leave your vehicle until you have stopped the engine and set the parking brake. Leave enough space for other vehicles to freely pass by your vehicle. and motorcyclists. bicyclists. except: – In an emergency. or – Where a stop is specifically permitted. or left standing on a freeway for more than four hours may be removed (CVC §22651(f)). except where permitted by signs.Never park or leave your vehicle: • Where a “No Parking” sign is posted. • In the space next to a disabled person parking space. Look carefully for passing vehicles. parked.
special parking rules
• When you park alongside a curb on a level street. A vehicle (even if disabled) that is stopped. NOTE: If you must stop on a freeway. • “Double parked.” (Parking in the street when all legal parking places at the curb are taken. • In a disabled person parking space. the front and back wheels must be parallel and within 18 inches of the curb. Do not leave the door open any longer than necessary.

Remember to cancel your signal after turning. • Before every lane change check your mirrors. look over your shoulder. A vehicle you do not see may suddenly appear and hit you. Steering Steering Control–Modern vehicles require very little steering to turn. Bicyclists may give right turn-signals with their right arm held straight out. • Even when you do not see other vehicles. motorcyclists. Signal: • When making a left or right turn. Signals may be given by hand-and-arm positions or by using the vehicle’s signal lights.
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. Motorcyclists often use hand signals to make themselves more visible. If you plan to turn beyond an intersection. and check your blind spot before changing lanes. Look at the steering wheel as a clock face and place your hands at 9 and 3 o’clock or slightly lower at 8 and 4 o’clock.
signaling
LEFT TURN
RIGHT TURN
SLOW or STOP
Always signal—this lets other drivers. the other driver may think you plan to turn into the intersection and he or she may pull out in front of you. To reduce forearm and hand injuries. and your thumbs stretched along the rim of the steering wheel. your hands should be placed on the lower half of the steering wheel.sAfe DrivinG prActices
Always signal to other drivers. • At least five seconds before you change lanes on a freeway. slow down. Caution! Even though you —
signal. • When you change directions. or stop. bicylists. during the last 100 feet before reaching the turning point. If you signal too early. and pedestrians know your plans. with your knuckles on the outside of the wheel. also use hand-and-arm signals. These are the desired hand positions that reduce the possibility of turning the wheel too sharply. do not automatically assume that the space you want to occupy is clear. • Before pulling next to the curb or away from the curb. right. If bright sunlight makes the signal lights hard to see. pointing right. bicyclists. start signaling when you are in the intersection. and pedestrians when you plan to turn left.

Pull-Push Steering–Use pull-push steering for most turning maneuvers. Scanning your surroundings (keeping your eyes moving) includes keeping a safe distance around your vehicle. safety. Give yourself this time by keeping a “space cushion” on all sides of your
vehicle. 10–15 seconds is about one block. Pull down with one hand and push up with the other. • Correcting a skid. such as when: • Parking.
Where is the green vehicle headed?
Use your mirrors. As you scan ahead. and then use slow. Use quick movements on entry to the maneuver. you will miss what is happening on the side of the road and behind you. In the city. Constantly staring at the road just in front of your vehicle is dangerous. Hand-Over-Hand Steering–Use hand-over-hand steering when steering movements are critical. or comfort.
scanning
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. or • When operating vehicle controls for information. • Performing sharp right turns. you need time to react. One-Hand Steering–Use one-hand steering for: • Backing maneuvers that do not require full left or right turns. When another driver makes a mistake. Scanning helps you to see: • Cars and people that may be in the road by the time you reach them. Keep your hands and thumbs on the outside of the wheel. Steering errors are directly related to vision errors. On the highway. Take in the whole scene–If you only look at the middle of the road.” Mistakes cause collisions. be alert for vehicles around you. Know What Is Ahead To avoid last minute moves. Allow enough space between you and the vehicle ahead to give yourself an “out. This results in smooth steering and reduces the potential for over steering. This space cushion will give you room to brake or maneuver if you need the space. which can lead to loss of control. Put your hands in the 8 and 4 o’clock positions. look down the road 10–15 seconds ahead of your vehicle so you can see hazards early. 10–15 seconds is about a quarter of a mile. smooth movements when straightening the wheel.

school bus.).” This takes about three seconds. use the “three-second rule. look into your rear view mirror for nearby vehicles and also over your shoulder to check for blind spots. Watch for hazards–Look beyond the vehicle ahead of you. the more time you will have to see a hazard and stop or avoid that hazard. Allow extra room ahead. The extra space allows you to see around the vehicle.• Signs warning of problems ahead. or a placarded vehicle at railroad crossings.
Most rear end collisions are caused by tailgating. Watch for signals from other drivers. Motorcyclists can fall more easily on these surfaces.
The shaded areas are your blind spots.. Do not develop a “fixed stare. • Following motorcyclists on wet or icy roads. Allow room in front of your vehicle so the driver will have space to move in front of you. Expect merging vehicles at on-ramps and interchanges. Know which lanes are clear so you can use them if necessary. and the vehicle ahead blocks their view. like a ball rolling into the street or a vehicle door opening. one-thousand-three. • Signs giving you directions. You should allow a four-second or more cushion when: • Being crowded by a tailgater.” Keep scanning. and on gravel. one-thousand-two. Check your rear view mirrors every two – five seconds so you know the position of vehicles near you. do not be a tailgater! Many drivers do not see as far ahead as they should because they follow too closely (tailgate).
Before changing lanes. Watch for things about to happen. count “onethousand-one. etc. • Towing a trailer or carrying a heavy load. The extra weight makes it harder to stop. • The driver behind you wants to pass. Blind spots can hide a motorcyclist. • Following large vehicles that block your view ahead.g. on metal surfaces (e. bridge gratings. do not brake suddenly.” When the vehicle ahead of you passes a certain point such as a sign. be ready for changes in traffic conditions. • You see a bus. you are following too closely. Be prepared for rapid changes in road conditions and traffic flow. On the freeway. The more space you allow between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead. a vehicle or a bicyclist. To avoid tailgating. These vehicles must
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. railroad tracks. If you pass the same point before you finish counting. Slow down gradually or merge into another lane to prevent being hit from behind by the tailgater! • Driving on slippery roads.

Always look to each side of your vehicle at intersections. crosswalks. Always leave plenty of room between your vehicle and any motorcyclists or bicyclists. Someone may step out from between them. Know What Is Behind You It is very important to check behind you before you: • Change lanes. so slow down early and allow plenty of room. • Merging onto a freeway.
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. do not drive alongside other cars. This gives you space between your vehicle and the other driver. without having to slam on your brakes or swerve into another lane. – Look to the right. The other driver may not see your vehicle and could change lanes and hit you. Know What Is at Your Side Any time you come to a place where people may cross or enter your path or one line of traffic meets another. Look over your shoulder to make sure you are not getting in the way of vehicles in the lane you want to enter. make room for vehicles entering freeways even though you have the right-of-way.
To maintain a space cushion on each side of your vehicle: • Do not stay in another driver’s blind spot.stop at railroad crossings. Drive either ahead of or behind the other vehicle. Some drivers do not obey traffic signals so before you enter an intersection. right. • Be careful when driving near motorcyclists or bicyclists. • If possible and when safe. • Do not rely on traffic signals. you should look to the left and right sides of your vehicle to make sure no one is coming. Another driver might crowd your lane or change lanes without looking and crash into you. – Take one more look to the left in case there is a vehicle or a pedestrian you did not see the first time. A vehicle door may open or a vehicle may pull out suddenly. If you follow too closely and another driver “cuts” in front of you. • Keep a space between yourself and parked cars. look left. and ahead for approaching traffic. and railroad crossings. A driver may decide to exit suddenly or swerve back onto the freeway. • Avoid driving directly alongside other vehicles on multilane streets with or without traffic in the opposite direction. • At freeway exits. since vehicles coming from the left are closer to you than vehicles coming from the right. just take your foot off the gas. At intersections: • Look both ways even if other traffic has a red light or a stop sign: – Look to the left first.

Make sure they are away from your vehicle and in full view before moving your vehicle. use a seat cushion. If this does not work. – If other children are nearby. Tap your brakes lightly a few times to warn the tailgater you are slowing down. good brakes. – Do not depend only on your mirrors or only looking out a side window. Assuming you have good tires. • Drive down a long or steep hill. “Lose” the tailgater as soon as you can. also look over your right and left shoulders again while backing.• Reduce your speed. and taillights. – Turn and look over your right and left shoulders before you begin backing. Make sure you can see and be seen. Adjust Seat and Mirrors Adjust your seat before you put on your seat belt. Bright sun or headlights on a dirty window make it hard to see out. • Back up. Take a quick glance in your mirrors. When you are backing out of a parking space: – Check in front and behind the vehicle before you get in. make sure you can see them before backing up. and dry pavement:
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. you need to see it in time to stop. learn how to use it. Clean Windows and Mirrors Keep your windshield and side windows clean inside and out. pull off the road when it is safe and let the tailgater pass. If your vehicle has a day/night mirror. Also check your mirrors when you are preparing to turn into a side road or driveway and when you are stopping to pull into a parking space. The night setting reduces the headlight glare from the cars behind you and helps you see well. Watch for large vehicles because they can gather speed very quickly. – Know where your kids are. Check traffic behind you often to know if you are being tailgated (another driver is following too closely). Adjust your rear and side mirrors before you start driving. – Back slowly to avoid collisions. be careful! Brake slowly before
stopping. or dew from all windows before you drive. As a safety measure. frost. If you drive in rain or snow. Backing up is always dangerous because it is hard to see behind your vehicle. Clear off ice. If you still cannot see. by changing lanes and allowing the tailgater to pass you or slowing down to allow enough “cushion” between you and the car in front of you. you may have to stop sometimes to wipe mud or snow off your windshield. headlights. You should sit high enough to see the road. How Well Can You Stop? If something is in your path. If you are being tailgated.

If another driver does not dim his or her lights: • Do not look directly into the oncoming headlights. Use your high beam headlights whenever possible in open country or dark city streets. h Use your low beam headlights at night when it rains.) Turn on your lights during the day. Never drive with just your parking or fog lights. then drive slowly and use your low beam headlights. so stay alert for them. Adjust your driving speed to the weather and road conditions (“Basic Speed Law” page 28. Avoid crossing or passing lanes of traffic unless absolutely necessary. However. Make sure you can stop within the distance lighted by your eadlights. • Watch the oncoming vehicle out of the corner of your eye. Dim your lights when necessary. You should consider postponing your trip until the fog clears. • Look toward the right edge of your lane.• At 55 mph. Use your wipers and defroster as necessary for best vision. Increase your following distance and be prepared to stop within the space you can see ahead. • Motorcycles are also harder to see at night because most have only one taillight. Do not continue driving until you can see well. and drive into your vehicle. Do not blind other drivers with your high beam headlights.000 feet ahead of you. it takes about 210 feet to react and bring the vehicle to a complete stop. If you do. remember: • Pedestrians and bicyclists are much harder to see at night. if you must drive. • At 35 mph. The light from the high beam headlights will reflect back and cause glare.
Driving in Darkness
Driving in the fog
Drive more slowly at night because you cannot see as far ahead and you will have less time to stop for a hazard. When you drive at night.
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. • Do not try to “get back” at the other driver by keeping your bright lights on. think you are moving. Listen for traffic you cannot see. Turn off your lights and keep your foot off the brake pedal or someone may see your taillights. The best advice for driving in the fog is DON’T. Reduce your speed in highway construction zones. pull completely off the road. if it is hard to see or you cannot see at least 1. • More highway construction takes place at night. If the fog becomes so thick that you can barely see. it takes about 400 feet to react and bring the vehicle to a complete stop. do not drive using only your parking lights. as long as it is not illegal. both of you may be blinded.

to avoid collisions. • To alert other drivers that they made a mistake. • On narrow mountain roads.
Driving in hill country
Use Your Horn • Only when necessary. intoxication. You may tap your horn to alert another driver who might turn in front of you and cause a collision. carry the correct number of chains and be sure they will fit your drive wheels. when a vehicle with one light drives toward you.• When you leave a brightly-lit place. Your honking may cause them to make more mistakes or to become angry and retaliate. you should assume there is another vehicle ahead of you.
horn.
Any time your view is blocked by a hill or a curve. Do Not Use Your Horn • If a driver or bicyclist is going slowly. drizzle. because you cannot see far enough ahead to know if it is safe to pass. and defroster. or snow on the road. due to illness. headlights. you cannot safely drive faster than 30 mph. If you drive in snowy areas. headlights. • Drive as far to the right as possible. You never know what is on the other side of a steep hill or a sharp curve. because you need at least that much room to pass safely. and taillights. Slow down at the first sign of rain. You must drive slowly enough to stop. You may have to stop from time to time to wipe mud or snow off your windshield. but it could also be a vehicle with a missing headlight. When you come to a hill or curve. where you cannot see at least 200 feet ahead of your vehicle. and you want him or her to drive faster or get out of your way. When you cannot see any farther than 100 feet. drive slowly until your eyes adjust to the darkness. Do not drive on the left side of the road when coming to a curve or the top of a hill. • To try to get “eye contact” with other drivers. slow down so you can stop for any hazard. being lost. you may not be able to see more than 100 feet ahead of your vehicle.
Driving in rain or snoW
Many road pavements are the most slippery when it first starts to rain or snow because oil and dust have not yet washed away. heaDlights. the driver or bicyclist may not be able to safely go faster. Only pass the vehicle if a hill or curve is at least one-third of a mile away. or having mechanical problems with the vehicle. In a heavy rainstorm or snowstorm. Turn on your windshield wipers. anD emergency signals
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. Learn how to put the chains on before you need to use them. It could be a bicyclist or motorcyclist.

They may cause fires. • If it is safe. you must turn on your headlights — it’s the law. or foggy. Use Your Emergency Signals If you can see a collision ahead.” • Any time conditions prevent you from seeing other vehicles.
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. • Give other drivers plenty of warning. or motorcyclists unless necessary to avoid a collision. If your vehicle breaks down on the road. and need to stop. when other drivers’ windows may be icy or “fogged. • It’s safer to slow down or to stop. instead of honking your horn. too. • On small country or mountain roads. Do not stop just over a hill or just around a curve.
Never stop on the road. raining. stop where people can see you and your vehicle from behind. warn the drivers behind you by turning on your emergency flashers or tapping your brake pedal quickly three or four times. make sure that other drivers can see it. follow these rules: • Pull off the road away from all traffic. bicyclists. • To honk at pedestrians. This helps other drivers see you and may help you avoid a head-on crash. You can also use the hand signal when slowing and stopping. follow the rules listed above and stay in your vehicle until help arrives. • On frosty mornings. especially when used near flammable liquids. snowing. which may startle other drivers. if necessary. Other drivers may have trouble seeing you. then start braking early as a signal to the cars behind you. If you need to stop. If weather conditions require you to use your windshield wipers. lift the hood to signal an emergency. If your vehicle doesn’t have emergency flashers. • If you cannot get completely off the road. Place emergency flares or triangles 200–300 feet behind the vehicle. This allows other drivers time to change lanes. • When necessary to get another driver’s attention. Remember that your horn sounds much louder outside a vehicle. Be very careful when using flares. if possible. If you experience vehicle trouble. • If you do not have emergency flares. unless necessary for safety or to obey a law. Remember: do not try to change a tire if it means you have to stand in a traffic lane. even on sunny days. • Turn on your emergency flashers if you are not moving.• Because you may be angry or upset. turn signals may be used instead. Use Your Headlights • When it is cloudy. Be careful for your safety and stay off the road.

” Steer a middle course between the oncoming cars and the parked cars. For example. a bicyclist. such as: – Tourists. and if safe. Problem Drivers Increase your following distance and allow a bigger space cushion for drivers who may be potentially dangerous. trees. If one danger is greater than the other. or other cars. slow down and let the vehicle pass.
merging in/out of traffic
Whenever you enter traffic. Persons who present dangers are: • Drivers who cannot see you because their view is blocked by buildings. take one danger at a time. First. such as: – Delivery persons. or looking at maps while driving. • Distracted people. eating. there will be parked cars to the right and oncoming cars to the left. Instead of driving between the vehicle and the child. – Drivers taking care of children.folloWing Distances
Taking Dangers One at a Time Suppose there is an oncoming vehicle to your left and a child on a bicycle to your right. a pedestrian. Then. – Drivers talking on cell phones or speaking to their passengers. use as much of your lane to the left as possible until you pass the child. Splitting the Difference Sometimes there will be dangers on both sides of the road at the same time. • Pedestrians with umbrellas in front of their faces or hats pulled down over their eyes. slow down.
• Drivers backing out of driveways or parking spaces with the vehicle’s windows covered by snow or ice. Therefore. • Drivers who pass you when there is a curve or oncoming vehicle(s) ahead. move to the left to allow plenty of room to pass the child. often at complicated intersections. You have to share space with traffic already on
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. Suppose there are oncoming cars on your left side and a child on a bike on your right side. – Children. an obstruction. who often run into the street without looking. • Confused people. – Drivers who are looking for a house number or who slow down for no apparent reason. give the most room to the most dangerous situation. signal and be sure you have enough room to safely enter the lane. or because of fewer lanes ahead. In this case. the best thing to do is “split the difference. – Construction workers. • Drivers about to be forced into your lane to avoid a vehicle. The child is more likely to make a sudden move.

Freeway traffic has the right-of-way. To exit safely: • Signal. Even if you have the green light. Space to Cross or Enter Whenever you cross or enter city or highway traffic from a full stop. cross them one at a time. until you are in the proper lane to exit the freeway. and you must know how much space you need to merge with traffic. • A full block on the highway.) do not stop before merging into freeway traffic unless absolutely necessary. This is particularly true of motorcycles. Make sure you can stop safely if necessary. Wait until the other driver actually starts to turn before you continue. if there are vehicles blocking your way. (Remember that the maximum speed allowed is 65 mph on most freeways. or the signal may have been left on from an earlier turn. do not start across the intersection. and change lanes one at a time. Use your mirrors and turn signals. cross or enter traffic. which gives both you and the other vehicle only a two-second following distance. give yourself plenty of time. Their signal lights often do not turn off automatically. and exit out of traffic. you will need a large enough gap
(from vehicles approaching in either direction) to get up to the speed of other vehicles. When turning left. go back to following the “threesecond rule” (see page 47). If you wait until all of the lanes are clear. You should know the name or number of the freeway exit you want as well as the one that comes before it. look over your shoulder. • Do not try to squeeze into a gap that is too small.the road. If you are crossing lanes or turning. When it is safe. make sure there are no vehicles or people blocking the path ahead or to the sides of your vehicle. you need a gap of at least four seconds. Leave yourself a big enough space cushion.
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. Any time you merge with other traffic. do not start the turn just because an approaching vehicle has its right turn signal on. You do not want to be caught in an intersection with traffic coming at you. • If you need to cross several freeway lanes. Leave three seconds of space between you and the vehicle ahead of you. Space to Exit When you plan to exit the freeway. you may cause traffic delays or a collision. You need a gap that is about: • Half a block on city streets. Turn your head to look quickly over your shoulder before changing lanes. • Watch for vehicles around you. Space to Merge Enter the freeway at or near the speed of traffic. The driver may plan to turn just beyond you.

So will an oncoming vehicle. you need a 10–12 second gap in oncoming traffic to pass safely. including motorcycles and bicycles. The average passenger vehicle traveling at 55 mph can stop within 400 feet. on two-lane roads. You must judge whether or not you have enough room to pass whenever you approach: • An oncoming vehicle. you must be familiar with a big rig’s physical capabilities and how it maneuvers. you have enough room to return to your driving lane. Be patient when passing a bicyclist.
passing other traffic
• An intersection.
To reduce the chance of having a collision with a large truck or RV. At 55 mph. Braking Large trucks take longer to stop than vehicles traveling at the same speed. In fact. Space and Speed to Pass Always signal before passing.600 feet (or about one-third of a mile) to pass safely. Do not count on having enough time to pass several vehicles at once. Slow down and pass only when it is safe. One way to do this is to look for the vehicle in your inside rear view mirror. At highway speeds of 50–55 mph. a large truck traveling at the same speed can take almost 800 feet to stop. Do not squeeze the bicyclist off the road. Avoid passing other vehicles. That means you need over 1. Vehicles appear to move slower than they really are moving. A vehicle that is far enough away generally appears to be standing still. • A hill or a curve. However. be sure you are not dangerously close to the vehicle you have just passed. or that other drivers will make room for you. you will travel over 800 feet in 10–12 seconds. Space to Return Before you return to your driving lane. Every time you pass. • A road obstruction. Do not pull out to pass unless you know you have enough space to pull back into your lane. It is harder to see and judge the speed of oncoming vehicles that are traveling one-third of a mile or more away from you. • Be sure you are at the proper speed for leaving the traffic lane–not too fast (so you remain in control) and not too slow (so the flow of traffic can still move freely). Do not move in
sHArinG tHe roAD large trucks (Big rigs) anD rvs
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. if you can see it moving closer to you. When you can see both headlights in your rear view mirror. It is dangerous. you increase your chances of having a collision. it is probably too close for you to start to pass.• Signal your intention to exit for approximately five seconds before reaching the exit.

so you can exit the roadway. If you stay in those blind spots. Maneuverability Trucks are designed to transport products and they are not as maneuverable as passenger vehicles. and your vehicle can get lost in those blind spots.front of a large truck and suddenly slow down or stop. and exit behind a truck—it will only take you a few extra seconds. This is why big rig drivers must often swing wide to complete a right turn. check the turn signals again. The trucker will not be able to stop quickly enough to avoid crashing into you. Slow down and take your turn entering the construction zone. Take a moment to slow down. look at its turn
signals before you start to pass. The longer the vehicle. Cutting into the open space in front of a truck is dangerous. Large trucks have longer stopping and starting distances. the driver may actually be turning right but first swinging wide.” Turning When any vehicle makes a turn. Do not speed up to pass a truck. Generally speaking. if you cannot see the truck driver in his or her side mirror. These blind spots are often called the “NO ZONE. large trucks usually stay in the center portion of the lane to help the flow of traffic. On multilane highways and freeways. the greater the difference is in the turning path. for example. If the truck appears to be turning left.
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. you block the trucker’s ability to take evasive action to avoid a dangerous situation. they still have large blind spots. removes the truck driver’s cushion of safety and places you in danger. Avoid these mistakes when driving around large trucks: • Cutting off a truck in traffic or on the highway to reach an exit or turn. When you follow a big rig. he or she cannot see you. They take more space for turns and they weigh more. Trying to beat a truck through a single-lane construction zone. This also increases the trucker’s options if he or she must change lanes to avoid a hazard. Trucker’s Blind Spots—the “No Zone”
Shaded areas are the driver’s blind spots. While truckers do have a better forward view and bigger mirrors.
Passenger vehicle drivers incorrectly assume that a trucker can see the road better because he or she is higher off the road. the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels.

gov
Can the driver see your vehiCle? Allow for extra space and be safe!
.dmv.ca.

is no safety zone. • Following too closely or tailgating. Al though everyone must follow the same raffic laws. • When the tracks are so close to the right side that you cannot pass on the right. is dangerous because you take away your own cushion of safety if the vehicle in front of you stops quickly. Many collisions involving a passenger vehicle and a large truck occur at intersections. when the passenger vehicle driver did not realize how close the truck was or how fast it was traveling. Buildings. light-rail vehicles t require exceptional andling ability h because of their size. EXCEPTIONS: • When you are on a one-way street.
light-rail vehicles
Do not drive through a safety zone. anD trolleys
Light-rail vehicles have the same rights and responsibilities on public roadways as other vehicles. otherwise you make it very difficult. move ahead of it. you may pass at no more than 10 mph. if not impossible. streetcars. the trucker cannot see you and has no way of knowing you are there. and after you pass the truck.. for the trucker to take evasive action if an obstacle appears in the road ahead. stop behind the vehicle’s nearest door or vehicle platform and wait until the people have reached a safe place. Safely share the road with light-rail vehicles by: • Being aware of where light-rail vehicles operate. When you follow so closely behind a truck that you cannot see the truck driver’s side view mirrors. etc. or trolley is stopped at a safety zone or at an intersection where traffic is controlled by a police officer or traffic signal. • When a traffic officer directs you to pass on the left. A large tractor-trailer often appears to be traveling at a slower speed because of its large size. which is a space set aside for pedestrians and marked by raised buttons or markers on a roadway. streetcar. When people are boarding or leaving a streetcar or trolley where there
Buses. Do not overtake and pass any light rail vehicle or streetcar on the left side. • Never turn in front of an approaching light-rail vehicle. cause blind spots for the trolley operator.• Lingering alongside a truck when passing. Do not linger. • Underestimating the size and speed of an approaching tractortrailer. Tailgating a truck. whether it is moving or standing. When a bus.
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. trees. Always pass a large truck on the left side. or any vehicle.

continue through the intersection and then drive to the right as soon as it is safe and stop. However. never stop
You must obey any traffic direction. They sometimes use a loud speaker to talk to drivers blocking their path.
Safety Zones are marked by dotted white lines
in an intersection. order.
Yield to emergency vehicles. ambulance. If you are in an intersection when you see an emergency vehicle. police vehicle. NOTE: Light-rail vehicles can interrupt traffic signals. ambulance crews.
emergency vehicles
You must yield the right-of-way to any police vehicle. Emergency vehicles often use the wrong side of the street to continue on their way.
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. ambulance.
• • Look for approaching light-rail vehicles before you turn across the tracks. or other disaster you may be arrested. Drive to the right edge of the road and stop until the emergency vehicle(s) have passed. Casual observers interfere with the essential services of police. firefighter. Complete your turn only if a signal indicates you may proceed. or other rescue or emergency personnel. If you drive for sight-seeing purposes to the scene of a fire. or other emergency vehicle using a siren and red lights. fire engine. or laws.Do not turn in front of light rail vehicles
• • Maintain a safe distance from the light-rail vehicle if it shares a street with vehicular traffic. collision. or other emergency vehicle with a siren or flashing lights (CVC §21706). or signal by a traffic or police officer or a fire fighter even if it conflicts with existing signs. signals. so do not proceed until the signal light indicates you may proceed. It is against the law to follow within 300 feet behind any fire engine.

Motorcyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as automobile drivers.
A Slow-Moving Vehicle
motorcycles
Also. bicyclists and small. Motorcyclists can do many things to make it easier for others to recognize them and increase their chances of being seen. scooters. motorcyclists face additional dangers because motorcycles require exceptional handling ability and are harder to see.
sloW-moving vehicles
and golf courses. Therefore.5 and 21260). many motorcycles keep their headlight on even during daylight hours. and road maintenance vehicles usually travel 25 mph or less. a motorcycle’s outline is much smaller than a passenger vehicle’s outline. Adjust your speed accordingly to accommodate them. underpowered cars lose speed on long or steep hills and take longer to get up to speed when entering traffic. It is a traffic offense to scare horses or stampede livestock.
You may have seen lanes marked as NEV USE ONLY on roadways in some California towns. Slow down or stop. Farm tractors. Slowmoving vehicles have an orange/red triangle on the back of the vehicles. Look for these vehicles and adjust your speed before you reach them. Owners of registered NEVs and LSVs must comply with financial responsibility laws and a driver license is required to operate the vehicle. It looks like the sign in the picture on this page. especially those near retirement communities
neighBorhooD electric vehicles (nev) anD loWspeeD vehicles (lsv)
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. From ahead or behind.Some vehicles are not designed to keep up with the speed of traffic. While everyone must follow the same traffic laws. Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) and golf carts) may legally operate on public roads. if necessary. and most drivers expect to see larger vehicles on the road and are not looking for motorcycles. or when requested to do so by the riders or herders.
animal-DraWn vehicles
Horse-drawn vehicles and riders of horses or other animals are entitled to share the road with you. be aware that large trucks. NEVs and LSVs are restricted from roadways where the speed limit is greater than 35 mph (CVC §§385. The NEV and LSV vehicles reach a maximum speed of 25 mph. Other types of slow-moving motorized vehicles (such as wheelchairs. animal-drawn carts.

vest. Motorcycles are small. gravel. Potholes. Motorcycles generally can stop faster than passenger vehicles. railroad crossings. and a helmet. make a visual check for motorcycles.org
Bicycles
Bicyclists: • Must obey all traffic signals and stop signs. • When you make a turn. If you are aware of the effect of these conditions and drive with care and attention.” • Remember that road conditions which are minor annoyances to you pose major hazards to motorcyclists. • Use turn signals when planning to change lanes or turn. wet or slippery surfaces. • Never try to pass a motorcycle in the same lane you are sharing with the motorcycle. if he or she brakes suddenly or falls off the motorcycle. • Must ride in the same direction as other traffic.
• Motorcycles may travel faster than traffic during congested road conditions and can legally travel in the unused space between two lines of moving or stationary vehicles. You will need this space to avoid hitting the motorcyclist. Although it is not illegal to share lanes with motorcycles. you can help reduce motorcyclist injuries and fatalities. For more information regarding motorcycle safety. and grooved pavement can cause motorcyclists to change speed or direction suddenly. • Are lawfully permitted to ride on certain sections of roadway in rural areas where there is no alternate route. • Allow a four-second following distance. not against it. Also use your mirrors. contact the California Motorcyclist Safety Program at 1-877-RIDE-411 or www. • Flash their brake lights before slowing down to help others notice the motorcycle. Follow these rules to respect the right-of-way and safely share the road with motorcyclists: • When you change lanes or enter a major thoroughfare. • Wear reflective material on helmets and clothes.
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.• Wear a bright-colored jacket. • Look carefully for motorcyclists before opening doors next to moving traffic or before turning right.ca-msp. • Allow the motorcycle a full lane width. and they can easily disappear into a vehicle’s blind spots. check for motorcyclists and gauge their speed before turning. it is unsafe. which is commonly called “lane splitting. pavement seams.

clean pavement. • Must make left and right turns in the same way that drivers do. or other hazards. animal. level. When these pedestrians are in your vicinity be especially careful when turning corners or backing up. These pedestrians are partially or totally blind. • Are legally allowed to ride in the center of the lane when moving at the same speed as other traffic. • Must wear a helmet if under the age of 18. using the same turn lanes. If the bicyclist is traveling straight ahead. • Should carry identification.
peDestrians Who are BlinD
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. he or she should use a through traffic lane rather than ride next to the curb and block traffic making right turns. • Should ride single file on a busy or narrow street. During darkness bicyclists must have the following equipment: – A front lamp emitting a white light visible from a distance of 300 feet.
• Must signal all their intentions to motorists and bicyclists near them. avoid debris. bicycle. particularly if you are driving a quiet hybrid vehicle. • May move left to pass a parked or moving vehicle. Pedestrians using guide dogs or white canes with or without a red tip must be given the right-of-way at all times. LOOK
RIDE A STRAIGHT LINE—DON’T TURN IN AND OUT BETWEEN PARKED CARS. – A white or yellow reflector on each pedal or on the bicyclist’s shoes or ankles visible from a distance of 200 feet. – A rear red reflector visible from a distance of 500 feet.
Intersections with special lanes
MERGE LEFT TO PASS VEHICLE TURNING RIGHT
• Shall ride as near to the right curb or edge of the roadway as practical–not on the sidewalk.Turns for bicyclists BEFORE CROSSING
STOP. • Shall not operate a bicycle on a roadway during darkness unless the bicycle is equipped with: – A brake which will enable the operator to make one braked wheel stop on dry. • May choose to ride near the left curb or edge of a one-way street. LEAVE SPACE TO AVOID SUDDENLY OPENED DOORS.

Here are some suggestions for helping pedestrians who are blind: • do not stop your vehicle more than five feet from the crosswalk. A blind pedestrian listens to all traffic sounds before deciding to cross the street. The blind person has no idea who you are honking at and may be startled by the noise. allow extra following room between vehicles. Signs and message boards warn you of workers. unless there is an advance stop bar (line). as they may be unaware of your presence due to the nearly silent nature of these vehicles. • do not give the blind pedestrian verbal directions. this gesture usually means for you to go. The most common cause of deaths and injuries in work zones is rear-end collisions. In work zones where lanes are narrow or where the shoulder is closed. Reduce your speed and be prepared to slow down or stop for highway equipment. • do not stop in the middle of a crosswalk. This forces the blind pedestrian to go around your vehicle and into traffic outside of the crosswalk. watch for bicycles and “share the road” when they are present. especially blind pedestrians or traffic before starting your turn. • do not turn right without looking first. most of the people killed in work zones are drivers and passengers. Cones and/or drums will guide you through the work zone. • do not honk your horn at a blind person. When a blind person pulls in his or her cane and steps away from the intersection. A blind pedestrian uses the sound of your engine as a guide. Blind pedestrians who have a green light are not expecting a driver to make a right turn in
front of them. • do not block any sidewalk.
Pay close attention where road work is being performed. • Stop at all crosswalks where pedestrians are waiting. For your own safety and the safety of your passengers remember to slow down. so drive up to the crosswalk to allow the person to hear you. Merge as soon as it is safe to do so and without crossing the cones or drums.
roaD Workers anD Work Zones (“cone Zones”)
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. and closed lanes ahead. In fact. Look for any pedestrians. ImPORTANT: Drivers of electric and hybrid vehicles must be extra alert to blind pedestrians. Turning may result in the blind pedestrian becoming disoriented and vulnerable to being hit by another right turning vehicle when attempting to cross the street. • do not wait too long for the blind pedestrian to cross the street. slow moving equipment.

.
vehicles With haZarDous loaDs
Hazardous Loads Placards
DouBle fine Zones
A diamond-shaped sign on a truck . The law Highway Construction and Maintenance S is designed to reduce the deaths of police officers. or a vehicle. watch for drivers changing lanes at the last minute. (CVC §42010) Drivers are required to move over and slow down when approaching a stationary emergency vehicle or tow truck that is displaying flashing
amber warning lights. paramedics. while it is stopped on the side of a state highway or freeway.merge early. Use caution if lane changes are required. bicyclists.000. Keep your eyes on the road and other vehicles around you. Remember to “Slow for the Cone Zone. etc. and road workers. marked Department of Transportation that is displaying emergency flashing or amber warning lights. expect sudden slowing or stopping. tow truck drivers. Driving carefully through work zones improves safety for drivers. common sense and consideration—every time you are behind the wheel of a vehicle. Vehicles which display these signs are required to stop before crossing railroad tracks.) California Highway Patrol (CHP) or fire department officers know what to do if the load is accidentally spilled. experience. Do not stop to watch the road work.
importAnt DrivinG tips
Always be courteous. Safe driving requires personal responsibility to use sound judgment. pedestrians. Obey special signs or instructions from workers.78 means that the load on the truck is potentially dangerous (gas. CalTrans employees.000 and imprisonment for up to one year.. reflexes. Courtesy. Anyone convicted of assaulting a highway worker faces fines of up to $2. or more. pass it on!
move over anD sloW DoWn
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. and minimize distractions. and other emergency personnel who are aiding stranded or injured motorGuide Signs ists or involved in road work.” Due to increased collision-related injuries and fatalities certain roads are designated as “Safety EnhancedDouble Fine Zones.” Fines for traffic violations in the “Cone Zone” can be up to $1. explosives. Avoid distractions including using your hands-free cell phone while in the “Cone Zone.” Fines for violations are doubled in these zones and also in highway construction or maintenance zones when workers are present.

Drive at slower speeds in construction zones. Make eye contact and signal intention where needed. Use vehicle turn signals for turns and lane changes. Y N Use your horn sparingly. Using the cell phone while driving. Maintain speeds appropriate for conditions. Avoid returning inappropriate gestures.
Score Yourself: Count the number of “No” Answers
(1-3) SAFE DRIVER (8-11) SEMI-AGGRESSIVE DRIVER (4-7) GOOD DRIVER (12+) AGGRESSIVE DRIVER
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. Stop for red traffic lights. Refrain from flashing headlights. Parking in a space designated for the disabled. deliberate Uturns. rainy. Taking more than one parking space. Drive below the posted speed limit when conditions warrant. Stopping in the road to talk. Make slow. Avoid unnecessary use of high beam headlights. Inflicting loud music on neighboring cars. Come to a complete stop at stop signs. Letting your door hit the vehicle parked next to you. Acknowledge intention of others. Approach intersections and pedestrians at slow speeds. low light conditions. Avoid blocking passing lanes. Yield and move to the right for emergency vehicles. etc. Avoid challenging other drivers.ARE YOu AN AGGRESSIVE DRIVER? DO YOU (Check the appropriate box):
Y N Overtake other vehicles only on the left. Try to get out of the way of aggressive drivers. Maintain proper speeds around roadway crashes. Maintain appropriate following distance. Follow right-of-way rules at four-way stops. Yield to faster traffic by moving to the right. Provide appropriate distance when cutting in after passing vehicles. Use headlights in cloudy. Yield to pedestrians. Keep to the right as much as possible. DO YOu AVOID: Driving when drowsy. Focus on driving and avoid distracting activities. Blocking the right-turn lane.

• Do not cut off other drivers. Avoid the following driving behaviors: • Rubbernecking–slowing down to look at collisions or virtually anything else out of the ordinary. NOTE: With certain exceptions. it is illegal to drive a motor vehicle while using an electronic wireless communication device to write.
text messaging anD cell phones
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. • Operating a poorly-maintained or malfunctioning vehicle or running out of fuel.
Aggressive driving and road rage happens when crowded roads.
Dealing With traffic congestion
• Do not make gestures to other drivers. according to the California Office of Traffic Safety (OTS). Some suggestions for avoiding aggressive driving and road rage situations are: • Allow plenty of time to reach your destination. Minors may not use a cell phone except in certain emergencies (see page 12). • Unnecessary lane changes–weaving in and out of freeway lanes. • Do not tailgate. do not answer it. or read text messages. • Do not drive slowly in the left (fast) lane. rushing. Cell phones can be a lifesaver in emergency situations. Prevent a potentially violent incident by: • Avoiding eye contact with an angry driver. text messaging. e talking on a cell phone. • Inattention– ating. • If your cell phone rings. grooming. • Tailgating–following too closely. • Taking the questionnaire on the previous page to determine the type of driver that you are. Use your cell phone in the following safe and responsible ways while driving: • Use hands-free devices (except minors).
Dealing With aggressive Drivers anD roaD rage
Regardless of age. send.Small changes in your driving habits can help relieve chronic traffic congestion. instant messages. reading the newspaper. adults may not use a cell phone while driving unless hands-free equipment is used. etc. • Let the call go to voicemail if you have this feature. and e-mail(s). • Giving an angry driver plenty of space. and impatience cause one driver to react angrily to another driver. • Use your horn for emergencies only.

• Through toll plazas. Driving in Heavy Traffic Drive slower in heavy traffic. Studies have shown that speeding does not save more than a few minutes in an hour of driving time. playgrounds. drop back or pass the vehicle. if not more dangerous because you may cause a rear end collision or cause other drivers to swerve to avoid hitting your vehicle. there is a strong outward pull on your vehicle. Traffic Speeds Collisions are more likely to happen when one driver goes faster or slower than the other cars on the road. the less control you have of your vehicle. if you only look in your mirrors. Keep Your Car Visible The driver’s blind spots are shown on page 47. • Pay attention to the road. Driving slower than other vehicles or stopping suddenly can be just as dangerous as speeding. you must judge
collision avoiDance
how sharp the curve is and adjust your speed accordingly. especially when the road is slippery. If you drive faster than other traffic. snow. should you drive 35 mph (the posted speed limit) on a curve down an icy mountain road? Many inexperienced drivers do not adjust their driving speed for road conditions. You cannot see vehicles in these blind spots. As a general rule. Curves On curves. • On roads with heavy traffic. • Do not engage in distracting conversations. If you are in the fast lane and you notice vehicles moving to the right lane to pass you. mud. and downtown areas. Slow down before you enter the curve. Turn your head to see if a vehicle is in one of these blind spots. consider what else may affect the safe operation of your vehicle. or a line
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. you increase your chances of being involved in a collision. For example. ice and gravel make the road slippery. parking lots. drive more slowly: • In shopping centers. and in residential areas. so you can stop within the available stopping distance. As quickly as you can.• Do not use the cell phone during hazardous conditions. • Near schools. What is the Road Condition The faster your speed. If a speed limit is not posted before a curve. Rather than driving at the legal posted speed limit. • When you see the brake lights of several vehicles ahead of you. Braking on a curve may cause you to skid. Rain. • Use your cell phone to call for help in an emergency. Do not linger in another driver’s blind spot. That is one reason why inexperienced drivers have more “out-of-control” collisions than experienced drivers. • Over narrow bridges and through tunnels.

A slippery road will not give your tires the grip they need. slow down gradually–do not apply the brakes. • Packed snow–reduce your speed by half. and let the vehicle(s) pass. Here are some clues to help you spot slippery roads: • On cold. Ice and packed snow on the road can cause your vehicle to skid. Water on the Road Slow down when there is a lot of water on the road. try to find something to stop the skid.of vehicles are forming behind you.
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. wet days. If you start to skid: • Ease off the gas pedal. Slippery Roads Slow down at the first sign of rain. If your vehicle starts to hydroplane. the pavement can be very slippery for the first several minutes. shade from trees or buildings can hide spots of ice. To prevent skidding on slippery surfaces: • Drive slowly and stay farther behind the vehicle ahead of you. Heat causes oil in the asphalt to come to the surface. especially if you are driving too fast or going downhill. because oil and dust have not washed away. the best thing to do is move into the right lane. The oil makes the road slippery until the rain washes the oil off the surface of the road. This is when many roads are the most slippery. • Slow down. In a heavy rain at speeds of 50 mph or more. your tires can lose all contact with the road and then your vehicle will be riding on water or “hydroplaning. • Ice–slow to a crawl. when it is safe. • Stop braking. Adjust your speed as follows: • Wet road–go five–ten miles slower. • Bridges and overpasses tend to freeze before the rest of the road does. Skids on Slippery Surfaces A road that is normally safe can become dangerous when it is slippery. Drive more slowly than you would on a dry road. They can hide spots of ice. • If it starts to rain on a hot day. These areas freeze first and
Driving haZarDs
dry out last.” A slight change of direction or a gust of wind could throw your vehicle into a skid. and • Turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. • Avoid fast turns. Some road surfaces are more slippery than others when wet and usually have warning signs. Try to get a wheel on dry pavement or on the shoulder of the road. You may have to edge slowly into a snow bank or some bushes to stop the vehicle. as you approach curves and intersections. If you cannot control your vehicle on a slippery surface.

(Do not pump antilock brakes. To maintain control of a skidding vehicle. Take your foot off the brake to unlock the wheels. Keep your eyes on the road. Slow the vehicle radually until you are at a safe speed g to continue driving. Warn other drivers by honking and flashing your emergency lights. Perform this light pressing only until the brakes dry. or pass very carefully.
mechanical tips
Accelerator Malfunction If your accelerator becomes stuck you should: 1. that is not the case. Avoid driving near collisions. Shift to neutral. dry them by lightly pressing the gas pedal and brake pedal at the same time so that the vehicle drives against the pressure of the brakes. Acceleration Skids An acceleration skid usually happens when the drive wheels lose traction on the road surface. do not apply the brakes. • Avoid especially slippery areas. If the brakes get wet. If you see a vehicle’s hazard lights ahead. An “accident” implies an unforeseen event that occurs without anyone’s fault or negligence. 6. Then straighten the front wheels as the vehicle begins to straighten out. slow down. 5. or deep puddles. Most often in traffic. Ease off the gas pedal and straighten the front wheels as the vehicle begins to straighten itself out. 3. wet leaves. Stop and give assistance if asked by anyone. Those injured will be helped faster if other vehicles aren’t
collisions are not acciDents
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. The vehicle will skid no matter which way the steering wheel is turned. (WARNING: Turning the ignition off while the vehicle is moving locks the steering wheel of some vehicles and you will not have control of the steering. such as ice patches. Try to drive the car safely off the road. There may be a collision or other road emergency ahead.• Avoid quick stops. Stop and turn off the ignition. oil. 7.) • Shift to low gear before going down a steep hill. 2. if you can. or the steering will lock and you will lose control of your vehicle. 4. Look for an alternate route away from traffic or look for a way out. “Pump” the brakes to slow or stop. Apply the brakes.) Steering Wheel Locking Device Never turn your vehicle’s ignition to the “lock” position while it is still in motion. Locked Wheel Skids This type of skid is usually caused by braking too hard at a high rate of speed and locking the wheels.

• If your parked car rolls away and hits another vehicle. • Show your driver license. If you do not stop. try to find the owner and report the incident to authorities as mentioned above. to the CHP. Each driver (or the driver’s insurance agent. registration card. or CHP. in unincorporated areas. or legal representative) must make a report to DMV using the Report of Traffic Accident Occurring in California (SR 1) form. • Driver distractions. If you must drive near a collision. evidence of financial responsibility. and current address to the other driver. Someone could be injured and need your help. Reporting a Collision When you have a collision. leave a note with your name.
• You (or your insurance agent. • If you hit a parked vehicle or other property. Go online at www. Causes of Collisions The most common causes of collisions are: • Unsafe speed. • You (or your insurance agent. report it to the DMV within 10 days if: • More than $750 in damage was done to the property of any person. broker. call the nearest humane society. Do not try to move an injured animal or leave an injured animal to die. You may cause another crash.
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. The CHP or police will not make this report for you.gov or call 1-800-777-0133 and ask for the Report of Traffic Accident (SR 1) form. Drive by carefully. or legal representative) must make a written report to the police or CHP within 24 hours of the collision if someone is killed or injured.blocking the road. or police officer. do not stop or slow down just to look. if anyone is hurt. phone number. • Anyone was injured (no matter how slightly) or killed. broker. the police. • Driving on the wrong side of the road. broker. • Move your vehicle out of the traffic lane if no one is injured or killed. you may be convicted of “hit and run” and could be severely punished. • Improper turns.dmv. persons involved. • If you kill or injure an animal.ca. • Violating the right-of-way rules. or legal representative) must make a written report to DMV within 10 days. and address in or securely attached to the vehicle or property you hit. watching for people in the road. Involved in a Collision If you are involved in a collision: • You must stop. • Call 9-1-1. • Violating stop signals and signs. Report the collision to the city police or.

Cargo extending more than four feet from the back of the vehicle must display a 12-inch red or fluorescent orange square flag or two red lights at night. in a wagon. etc. send. on roller skates.
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. • For up to four years. or skateboard. This crime is punishable by a fine of up to $1. do not allow anyone to ride on any part of your vehicle not intended for passengers.You or your representative must make this report whether or not you caused the collision. During the last three years of the suspension. or both. roller blades. Convictions will result in penalties for both the driver and the person(s) riding in the trunk. even if the collision occurred on private property. do not allow a person to ride in the back of a pickup or other truck. your license can be returned to you if you provide a California Insurance Proof Certificate (SR 22) and maintain it during the three-year period. do not transport animals in the back of a pickup or other truck unless the animal is properly secured. or read textbased communications. do not leave a child or an animal unattended in a hot vehicle (see page 74). sled. do not tow anyone who is riding a bicycle. that
ADDitionAl DrivinG lAws/rUles things you must not Do:
•
•
•
•
you cannot control it or see ahead or to the sides of your vehicle. It is illegal to drive any vehicle with an unsafe. • do not dump or abandon animals on a highway. • do not drive a vehicle so loaded. six months in jail.000. You can be fined up to $100.
• •
• •
• do not smoke when a minor is in the vehicle at any time. do not carry anything in or on a passenger vehicle which extends beyond the fenders on the left side or more than six inches beyond the fenders on the right side. • do not operate a cell phone without the use of a hands-free device (minors. • do not wear a headset over or earplugs in both your ears. • do not drive a motor vehicle while using a wireless communications device to write. if you did not have proper insurance coverage. Your driving privilege will be suspended: • If you do not make this report. either with property or people. skis. do not allow anyone to ride in the trunk of your vehicle. unless the vehicle is equipped with seats and the person uses both the seat and a safety belt. see page 12). unsecured load that is a safety hazard (CVC 24002a). toy vehicle.

are permitted in these locations only: – A seven-inch square on either the passenger’s side windshield. or allow a child to ride. obstruct. The fine is $1. and they do not meet federal safety standards. or interrupt the funeral procession you are subject to a citation (CVC §2817). and you may be forced to pick up what you threw away. or the lower corner of the rear window. lower corner. • do not drive a vehicle equipped with a video monitor. – A five-inch square on the lower corner of the driver’s side window.• do not litter the roadside. cigar. and all vehicles taking part in the procession have windshield markers to identify them and have their headlights on. A funeral procession is led by a traffic officer. Do not hang objects on the mirror.5). a “pocket bike” on a public street or highway. • do not wear eyeglasses with temples wide enough to keep you from seeing clearly to the sides. • do not honk your horn unless it is a safety warning to avoid a collision. and if you interfere. if the monitor is visible to the driver and displays anything other than vehicle information or global mapping displays. Littering convictions show on your driving record. • do not block or hinder a funeral procession. • You must use your headlights 30 minutes after sunset and leave them on until 30 minutes before sunrise.
• do not drive any motor vehicle into a designated wilderness area (CVC §38301. • do not shoot firearms on a highway or at traffic signs. • do not throw any cigarette. and if you cannot see at least 200 feet ahead honk your horn.000. • do not ride. If you have sun-sensitive skin. • You must drive as far to the right as reasonably possible on narrow mountain roads. • do not drive with illegally— tinted safety glass. or other flaming or glowing substance from your vehicle. you may use removable sun screens during daylight travel if you have a letter from your physician.. • You must dim your lights to low beams within 500 feet of a vehicle
things you must Do:
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. etc. Windshield/window stickers. Vehicles taking part in a funeral procession have the right-of-way. – The side windows behind the driver. • do not block your view by putting signs or other objects on the front windshield or the back side windows. These vehicles are not manufactured or designed for highway use.

You may see clearly and still not be able to judge distances. unless you have your eyes checked by a healthcare professional. can come on so slowly that you do not notice them. fog.gov to view or download a copy of the Senior Guide for Safe Driving. Hearing is more important to driving than many people realize.coming toward you or within 300 feet of a vehicle you are following. a siren. Have your hearing checked periodically. Others may have trouble with the glare of headlights. or screeching tires can warn you of danger. you cannot judge distances or spot trouble. especially if it is in your blind spots. Hearing problems. if you are involved in a collision.000 feet or less) require the use of windshield wipers. Even people with good hearing cannot hear well if the radio or CD player is blaring. like bad eyesight. Sometimes you can hear a vehicle. You may never know about poor peripheral vision or poor distance judgment. If you cannot see clearly. while your eyes are on the road ahead. and
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. Law enforcement may tow or impound your vehicle if it is left in an unsafe area and causes safety concerns. rain. Drivers that are deaf or hearing-impaired can
hearing
gooD vision for all Drivers
You need good vision to drive safely. Do not wear a headset or earplugs in both ears while driving. You need good distance judgment so you know how far you are from other cars. it is against the law. The sound of horns. You also need to see peripherally or “out of the corner of your eye” to spot cars coming up beside you. Some people see poorly in dim light. Please go online at www. • You must turn on your headlights if snow. Many people who may see clearly in the daytime have trouble seeing clearly at night.ca. dmv. or low-visibility (1. • You must move your vehicle out of the traffic lane (unless it is disabled) when it is safe to do so. but cannot see it.
HeAltH AnD sAfetY safety for the aging Driver
The department has published a handbook specifically for senior drivers. Have your eyes checked every year or two. or call 1-800-777-0133 to request a copy by mail or contact the Senior Driver Ombudsman Program in your area: Sacramento/Northern California (916) 657-6464 San Francisco/Oakland (510) 563-8998 Orange/San Bernardino/San Diego (949) 553-3573 Los Angeles/Oxnard (310) 412-6103
you will not be able to make the best judgements.

• Take medications prescribed for someone else. • Do not take any drugs that can make you drowsy. find out the effects of the medication from your physician or pharmacist. • Mix alcohol with your medications. The body naturally wants to sleep at night. and death can result from overexposure to the heat. Remember if it’s too hot for you. The temperature inside a vehicle can rise approximately 40-50 degrees higher than the outside temperature. If you are tired all the time and fall asleep often during the day. After sitting in the sun. If you must take medication before driving. and equally important. it’s too hot for children and pets. unless directed by your physician. s t are potentially angerous. Look at objects near and far. heat stroke. it is dangerous and deadly to leave children and/ or animals in a hot vehicle. This applies to both prescribed and over-the-counter medications. • Try chewing gum or singing along with the radio/CD. so your chances of having a crash may be greater. Most drivers are less alert at night especially after midnight. with even a slightly opened window. You may not see hazards as soon or react as quickly. It is your responsibility to know the effects of the medications you take. the temperature can rise rapidly inside a parked vehicle. ask your physician to check for a sleep disorder. the only safe response is to get off the road and get some sleep. • Take regular rest stops even if you are not tired. As stated on page 20. To keep from becoming tired on a long trip: • Get a normal night’s sleep before you start on your trip. Additionally.adjust their driver safety habits by relying more on their seeing sense and therefore. left and right. Before you decide to drive. • Roll your window down to get some fresh air.
alertness
When you are tired. • Keep shifting your eyes from one part of the road to another. you are less alert. as when you are rested and alert.
Remember that all medications. pre crip ion or over-the-counter.
meDications
hot Weather risks
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. If you are sleepy. compensate for the loss of hearing. • Do not drive long hours. and try not to drive late at night. it is against the law to leave unattended minor children in a vehicle. do not: • Mix medications. Dehydration. Overd the-counter medicines that you take for colds and allergies can make you drowsy and affect your driving ability.

heart problems. • “Jump start” your vehicle if the battery is dead. • Refill your radiator and tape hoses.)
• If you must exit the vehicle. • Change a flat tire. The lights may be helpful. Alzheimer’s Disease. If you get stuck on the freeway because your automobile stops running. your physician may report to DMV any other medical condition that he or she believes may affect your ability to drive safely. or related disorders. and put on your seatbelts. diabetes. and courtesy when you drive and follow all the recommended safe driving rules. and away from your vehicle. Do not let your emotions interfere with safe driving. park the vehicle next to a call box.
health anD emotions
conDitions physicians must report
Physicians and surgeons are required to report patients at least 14 years of age and older who are diagnosed as having lapses of consciousness. The California Highway Patrol’s Freeway Service Patrol (FSP) provides free emergency roadside services during commute periods. Notify DMV if you have a condition that might affect your ability to drive safely. Discuss health concerns such as poor vision. if your vehicle becomes disabled on the freeway: • Safely pull to the right shoulder. FSP will: • Offer you a gallon of gas if you run out. such as when there is not enough shoulder space or if there is a guard rail or an area to safely stay away from the freeway lanes. (California Health & Safety Code §103900) Although not required by law. exit on the right side of your vehicle. get back into the vehicle from the right side (away from traffic). exit your vehicle. return to your vehicle.Your personality affects the way you drive. Ideally. Use all of your good judgment. common sense. but they could also attract drunk drivers. In certain circumstances. or epilepsy with your physician and follow his or her advice. if possible. • Stay inside your vehicle with the seatbelts on until help arrives. away from traffic. (There is a call box located every quarter mile to two miles.
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. The FSP program: • Cannot tow your vehicle to a private repair service or residence. Use your emergency blinking lights at your discretion according to weather conditions.
safety tips
According to the CHP. • Once you arrange for assistance.

in plain view even if your vehicle is locked. In the United States. • Does not tow motorcycles. you can minimize your chances of becoming the victim of vehicle theft. sporting events. Your
mailing address. such as shopping centers. If FSP cannot start your vehicle. Vehicle thefts occur more often where large groups of cars are parked at any time of day for extended periods of time. Your residence address may only be viewed by authorized agencies. Records on the physical or mental condition of a driver remain confidential.. colleges.
vehicle theft prevention tips
recorD confiDentiality
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. • Does not assist vehicles which have been involved in a collision unless directed by the CHP.• Does not recommend tow service companies or repair and body shops. • Does report any collision to the CHP. is less restricted. – Valuables such as purses. Vehicle theft results in costs to the victim and it increases insurance premiums. Most information in your driver license file is available to the public. etc. Also. Do not leave keys inside a locked garage or a hide-a-key box. Place them out of sight. if different from your residence. The FSP serves the following areas: • Valley Division–the Sacramento metro and Tracy areas • Golden Gate Division–the San Francisco Bay Area • Central Division–the Fresno area • Southern Division–the Los Angeles Basin • Inland Division–the Riverside area • Border Division–the San Diego and Orange County areas • Coastal Division–the Monterey and Santa Cruz areas Call 1-800-TELLCHP (835-5247) to find out if the FSP operates where you are and how to contact the FSP. laptops. a vehicle is stolen an average of every 21 minutes. If you follow the suggestions below. movie complexes. Here are some tips you can use to avoid becoming the victim of vehicle theft: • Never leave: – Your vehicle running and unattended even to dash into a store. it will be towed free of charge to a location approved by the CHP. and large apartment complexes. You may obtain a copy of your driving record at any DMV office for a fee with valid identification. FSP will also contact additional assistance for you. The CHP will notify an auto club or towing service. – The keys in the ignition. vehicle thieves often use the stolen vehicles to commit other crimes.

– Slowly begin to decrease your speed. Do not accelerate until the patrol vehicle has turned off its emergency lights and traffic conditions ahead allow the return to normal speeds. only leave the ignition key. or mechanic. • Always: – Roll up your windows and lock your vehicle even if it is parked in front of your house. – Think about purchasing a vehicle theft tracking/security system.
traffic Breaks
Acknowledge the officer’s presence by turning on your right turn signal. especially if you own one of the frequently-stolen model vehicles. slows the vehicle. or brakes. The police will need this information.– Personal identification documents. – Conduct emergency operations. if your vehicle is stolen. such as the ownership title or credit cards in the vehicle. During a traffic break. Do not slow abruptly unless it is necessary to avoid a collision. and keep that information with you and not in the car. – When you must leave your key with a valet.
– Prevent traffic collisions in heavy fog or unusually heavy traffic. Slow to the same speed as the officer. attendant. the officer turns on the rear emergency lights. • Suggestions: – Install a mechanical device that locks the steering wheel. To assist the officer in conducting a traffic break: – Activate your emergency flashers to warn other drivers there is a hazard ahead. column. well-lighted areas whenever possible. – Copy your license plate and vehicle information on a card. – Park in high-traffic. Traffic breaks are used by law enforcement to: – Slow or stop traffic to remove hazards from the roadway. while keeping a safe distance from the patrol vehicle ahead of you. Activating your signal lets the officer know that you recognize his or her presence. An officer may become alarmed if you fail to recognize him or her and might perceive that you have a reason to avoid yielding or that you might be impaired. – Report a stolen vehicle immediately to the police. – Do not attempt to drive past the patrol vehicle.
What a Driver shoulD Do During an enforcement stop
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. and drives across the lanes of traffic in a serpentine manner.

look for locations that have more light such as areas with street or freeway lights. on top of your lap.000 obtained from a company licensed to do business in California. Do not stop in the center median of a freeway or on the opposite side of a two lane roadway. When it is dark. Exiting your vehicle without first being directed by an officer can increase the risk of being struck by a passing vehicle and/or increase the officer’s level of feeling threatened. sharp object. it is recommended that you roll down your windows after you have stopped your vehicle on the right shoulder of the roadway and before the officer makes contact with you. During an enforcement stop. such as the use of a firearm. There are four forms of financial responsibility: • A motor vehicle liability insurance policy. The officer needs your full attention to communicate with you to complete the enforcement stop in the least amount of time needed. including all passengers’ hands such as on the steering wheel. • A DMV issued self-insurance certificate. This places both the driver and the officer in danger of being hit by oncoming traffic.000 with DMV.move your vehicle to the right shoulder of the road. an officer’s inability to see the hands of the driver and all occupants in the vehicle increases the officer’s level of feeling threatened. End your cell phone conversation and turn off your radio. using his or her patrol vehicle. On a freeway. During an enforcement stop. the safest place for you and your passengers is inside your vehicle. move completely onto the right shoulder. etc. Pull your vehicle as far off the roadway as possible. unless an officer directs you to do so.
Actions tHAt resUlt in loss of license financial responsiBility
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. The officer will guide you. and the officer’s own personal safety. Most violent criminal acts against a law enforcement officer occur through the use of a person’s hands. even if you’re in the carpool lane. near restaurants or service stations. Do not move onto the center median. the safety of your passengers. Remain inside your vehicle unless otherwise directed by the officer. In most situations.
Place your hands in clear view. Stop in well lit areas when possible. etc. Never step out of your vehicle.
The California Compulsory Financial Responsibility Law requires every driver and every owner of a motor vehicle to maintain financial responsibility (liability coverage) at all times. If your windows are tinted. • A surety bond for $35. • A deposit of $35. the officer’s priorities are your safety.

000 for property damage. DMV must keep this record. once the vehicle is registered in California. your driver license will be suspended. if any one person has over $750 in damage or if anyone is injured or dies. San Francisco.
If you are visiting California or have just moved here. the owner of the motor vehicle involved in a collision will have his or her driver license suspended. Your liability policy must provide bodily injury and property damage coverage which equals or exceeds the required limits stated above. or you do not have insurance. You cannot renew the out-ofstate policy.
insurance
Insurance Requirements The law states that you must be financially responsible for your actions whenever you drive and for all the motor vehicles you own. Please contact your insurance agent. San Bernardino. 2. Call 1-800-927-HELP. It does not matter who caused the collision. before you purchase insurance to confirm that your agent/broker and insurer are licensed by the California Department of Insurance. and Stanislaus counties. Orange. ask your insurance company if you are covered in case of a collision. Los Angeles. all three of the following conditions must be met to avoid the suspension of your driving privilege: 1. If the driver is not identified. Riverside. You may have to pay a fine or have your vehicle impounded if you do not comply with this law. • $30. • $5. You must insure the vehicle before you come to California. Most drivers choose to have a liability insurance policy as proof of financial responsibility.000 for death or injury to more than one person. Fresno. Before you drive here. unless the reporting officer states another person was at fault. San Joaquin. Collisions on Your Record DMV retains information on every collision reported to DMV by: • Law enforcement.000 for a single death or injury. • You. Your insurance company must file a power of attorney allowing DMV to act as its agent for legal service in California.
* Low cost automobile policies are available in Alameda. 3.You must carry written evidence of financial responsibility whenever you drive. If you have a collision in California. Imperial. The minimum amount your insurance* must cover per collision is: • $15. and show it to a police officer after a traffic stop or collision when asked to do so. San Mateo. Kern. Santa Clara. be aware that not all out-of-state insurance companies are authorized to do business in California. Sacramento. or another party involved in the collision. San Diego. If you have a collision not covered by your insurance. Contra Costa.
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.

.
Provide law enforcement with the: exact location vehicle make & model license plate
One call could save a life. call 911.If you see a drunk driver on the road.

Carrying Alcohol in a Vehicle The law is very strict about carrying alcohol or drugs in a vehicle. or to calm nerves or muscles can make a person drowsy. It takes about an hour for the body to get rid of each “drink. When you reach age 18. however. someone who has not been drinking should drive (see page 86). Here are some facts: • Most drugs taken for colds. and Minors If you are under 18 years of age. They can also affect vision. Better still. If you are involved in a collision your parent(s) or guardian(s) may be liable for civil damages and you may also be fined. they can cause a person to be nervous. Drivers who refuse these tests are subject to longer license suspensions and revocations. California’s drunk driving law is also a drug driving law.” and diet pills can make a driver more alert for a short time.” If a person has had more than one drink an hour. Any drug that “may cause drowsiness or dizziness” is one you should not take before driving. the officer can legally require you to take a blood or urine test. hay fever. or illegal drugs) which impairs your ability to drive safely is illegal.Collisions. your parent(s) or guardian(s) must sign your driver license application and assume financial responsibility for your driving. Alcohol/Drugs and Driving Is Dangerous Alcohol and/or drugs impairs your judgment. “uppers. EXCEPTION: Your parent(s) or guardian(s) can have your license cancelled at any time while you are a minor. dizzy. Insurance. and not able to concentrate. allergy. The use of any drug (the law does not distinguish between prescription. one hour of “sobering up” time should be allowed for each extra drink consumed before driving. affects how you react to sounds and what you see. Many drugs have unexpected side effects when taken with alcohol. Check with your physician or pharmacist and read the warning label if you are not sure that taking the medication will affect your driving. It refers to “driving under the influence of
alcohol/Drugs While Driving
alcohol and/or drugs. while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Impaired judgment or good sense.” If an officer suspects that you are under the influence of drugs. • Pep pills. whether the vehicle is on or off the
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. Make sure you read the label and know the effects of any drug you use. • Medicines taken together or used with alcohol can be dangerous. over-the-counter. It is also dangerous to walk in traffic or ride a bicycle. Later. Much of what has been said about alcohol also applies to drugs. your parent(s) or guardian(s) liability automatically ends.

01% or higher. or driving while under the influence of
alcohol and/or drugs. A subsequent offense may require a longer DUI program and you will not have a restricted license to attend the DUI program. it may be impounded for up to 30 days. if the person is on DUI probation. On the first offense you will be required to complete the educational portion of a licensed driving-under-theinfluence (DUI) program. Drivers of All Ages It is illegal to drive after consuming excessive amounts of alcohol in any form (including medications such as cough syrup). and unopened. it must be kept in the trunk of the vehicle or in a place where passengers do not sit. Drivers Under 21 (Possession of Alcohol) If you are under 21 years of age: • You may not carry liquor. beer. if the person is age 21 or older.04% or higher. or taking any drug (including prescription medications). The court may fine you up to $1. or wine carried inside the vehicle must be full.08% or higher. sealed. or using any combination of alcohol or drugs.01% or higher. and unopened. or wine inside a vehicle unless you are accompanied by a parent or other person as specified by law and the container must be full.highway. if you are convicted of either driving with a BAC of 0. while working for someone with an off-site liquor sales license.01% or higher at any age. in any vehicle requiring a commercial driver license (CDL)—with or without a CDL issued to the driver. In a bus. • BAC of 0. beer. A container of liquor. • If you are caught with an alcoholic beverage in your vehicle. Otherwise. • BAC of 0. You must not drink any amount of alcohol in any vehicle. • Your driving privilege will be revoked for one year.
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. and either suspend your driving privilege for one year or require DMV to delay the issuance of your first license for up to one year. sealed. taxi. if the person is under age 21. or motor home. this law does not apply to non-driving passengers. camper. EXCEPTION: You may carry alcoholic beverages in closed containers. Refer to page 86 for the Designated Driver Program.000. if you are not already licensed. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Limits It is illegal for any person to operate a vehicle with a: • BAC of 0. • BAC of 0. Keeping an opened alcoholic drink in the glove compartment is specifically against the law.

If your PAS shows a BAC of 0. When you drive in California. Preliminary Alcohol Screening (PAS). turn you over to juvenile authorities. you may still be required to submit to a blood or urine
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. or one of the other chemical tests if you have
aDmin per se
been detained and a police officer has reason to believe you were drinking alcohol. You do not have a right to consult with a lawyer before selecting or completing a test. You may request a DMV administrative hearing within 10 days. the officer may take your license and issue you a temporary license for only 30 days. or revocation of your driving privilege and completion of a DUI program. Under 21—Zero Tolerance for Alcohol Use. DMV’s action is related only to your driving privilege. jet skis. If the officer reasonably believes you are under the combined influence of alcohol and drugs and you have already submitted to a PAS and/or a breath test. The court’s action may involve the payment of a fine. the officer may require you to submit to either a breath or blood test. and then determine whether to release you. If you are under 21 years of age. under certain circumstances. blood or. guardian(s). or a combination of both. you consent to have your breath. drugs. the officer will issue you an order of suspension. These convictions are also used when determining the length of a suspension or revocation action or the reinstatement requirements.08% or higher. urine tested if you are arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol. Some PAS devices provide a record which may be submitted to the court as evidence.The DMV can take an administrative action against your driving privilege after you are detained or arrested. arrest you for DUI (CVC §23140). If a subsequent test reveals a BAC of 0. or juvenile authorities. you must submit to a hand-held breath test. give you an order of suspension for one year. or delay the license) for the same offense. and detain you until you can be turned over to your parent(s). Other PAS devices do not provide a record. water skis. These convictions are placed on your driving record and will be used by the court to determine “prior convictions” for motor vehicle DUI sentencing. so the officer may ask for a breath or blood test after the PAS. suspension. If your BAC is 0.05% or higher.01% or higher on the PAS. or similar devices. revoke. Similar provisions (California Harbors and Navigation Code) apply when you operate any vessel. aquaplane. jail time. If your BAC measures 0. or contact your parent(s) or guardian(s).05%. the police officer may arrest you (CVC §§23152 or 23153). and the court may take a separate action (suspend. because of a violation you committed while driving a motor vehicle.

You may also face civil lawsuits. You
could also be required to install an ignition interlock device (IID) on your vehicle. The impairment you exhibit at the time you are stopped may be enough to convict you of driving under the influence even without a BAC measurement. and pay
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.01% or higher on the PAS. and you enroll in a DUI program. file a California Insurance Proof Certificate (SR 22). and the court refers you to an enhanced DUI treatment program. your driving privilege may be suspended for both reasons. although both actions will run concurrently.000 (plus about three times the fine in penalty assessments) the first time you are convicted.20% or higher. If anyone was injured as a result of your driving under the influence. your license will be suspended for 10 months. you may be sentenced to serve up to six months in jail and pay a fine between $390—$1. In cases involving serious injury or death. A BAC below legal limits does not mean that you are safe to drive. If your BAC is 0. or you refuse to submit to a chemical test. or you refuse a chemical test at the time of your arrest. On the first conviction the court will suspend your driving privilege for six months and require you to complete a DUI program before your driver license can be reinstated. Your vehicle may be impounded and is subject to storage fees. If your BAC is 0. Drivers 21 and Older—DUI Programs and Restricted Licenses The completion of a DUI program is required for all DUI convictions. Generally. your driving privilege may be suspended because of your refusal. and you already have a record of violations for other reasons. or you have two or more prior moving violations. If you refuse to submit to any of the tests. the suspension period is one year.
court Dui convictions
If you are convicted of driving while under the influence of either alcohol and/or drugs or both (DUI). Even if you change your mind later and agree to a test. The length of the program may vary.15% or higher. and you have an excessive BAC level.test because the breath test does not detect the presence of drugs. All DUI convictions will remain on DMV’s records for 10 years. Almost all drivers show impairment by alcohol at levels lower than the legal limit. and your BAC measures 0.15% or higher. An IID prevents you from starting your vehicle if you have any alcohol on your breath. you may be punished under the California Three Strikes Law. The courts and/or DMV may impose more stringent penalties for subsequent violations during that period. A court may also order you to install an IID if your BAC is 0. the court may order you to complete a ninemonth or longer program. if you are over 21 years of age.

Even one FTA or FTP can cause the department to suspend your license. if permitted to drive. If you fail to pay a fine (FTP). the failure to appear (FTA) goes on your driver record. • Agree not to drive any vehiclewithout an IID. To participate as a designated driver. If you are stopped by a police officer and cited for a traffic law violation. Paying the fine is the same as a guilty plea. • Agree to complete the prescribed DUI program. an individual: • Should be at least 21 years of age and must possess a valid driver license. or you may forfeit (pay) the citation fine. including a two-year suspension or a revocation of up to four years. After you complete a prescribed period of your suspension/revocation and either enroll in. if you: • Install an IID on your vehicle. When you go to court. • Must understand that management reserves the right to refuse service to anyone at any time. or complete a portion of. The Designated Driver Program is an anti-DUI effort that works. DMV will issue you a restricted driver license. This program encourages one individual to abstain from consuming alcoholic beverages during an outing. If you ignore the traffic ticket and do not keep your promise to appear in court. the court will notify DMV. so he or
she can be responsible for transporting other person(s) safely. • Must abstain from consuming alcoholic beverages for the duration of the outing. you may plead guilty or not guilty. you may obtain a restricted license to drive anywhere necessary. which allows you to drive to/from work and during the course of employment (unless you hold a commercial driver license) and to/ from a DUI program.the restriction and reissue fees. • Pay the reissue and restriction fees. Other actions against you may also prohibit the issuance of a restricted license. However.
getting a ticket
DesignateD Driver program
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. Second and subsequent DUI convictions result in increased penalties. Ending the suspension will cost you a license reissue fee of $55. • Must not be an otherwise impaired driver. you sign a promise to appear in traffic court. the court may order DMV to not grant you a restricted driver license. a DUI program. if you are considered a “traffic safety” or “public safety” risk. and this will also show on your driver record. • File an SR 22. • Must be part of a group of two or more persons and verbally identify himself or herself as the designated driver to the server.

If a person is convicted of causing serious bodily injury during the course of a police pursuit (CVC §2800.3(b)). A violation received in a commercial vehicle carries one and one-half times the point count normally assessed.Each time you are convicted of a moving traffic law violation.3(a)). he or she is subject to: • Imprisonment in a state prison for three.000. • Both a fine and imprisonment. when your driving record shows one of the following “point count” totals. he or she is subject to imprisonment in a state prison for a minimum of four to ten years (CVC §2800. You may be considered a negligent operator. five. or in a county jail for not more than one year. Any person who willfully flees or attempts to evade a police officer performing his or her duties is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year (CVC §2800. Each occurrence stays on your record for 36 months. The DMV keeps a public record of all your traffic convictions and collisions. • A fine of not less than $2.
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. or seven years. Some examples of two point violations: • Reckless driving or hit-and-run driving • Driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs • Driving while driver license is suspended or revoked If you get 4 points in 12 months. depending on the type of conviction. the court notifies DMV. For detailed point count information refer to the California Commercial Driver Handbook. nor more than $10. and the conviction is placed on your driver license record. • An at-fault collision. When a person is convicted of manslaughter resulting from evading police during a pursuit. Convictions reported by other states are also added to your driver record.
evaDing a police officer
points on the Driver recorD
The Negligent Operator Treatment System (NOTS) is based on negligent operator points and consists of a computer generated series of warning letters and progressive sanctions against the driving privilege.1). you will lose your driver license.000. • 4 points in 12 months • 6 points in 24 months • 8 points in 36 months Some examples of one point violations: • A traffic conviction. or longer.

which results in injury. you may apply for a new license. Drivers who do not have a commercial license may participate once in any 18-month period to have a citation dismissed from their driving record.California law allows the courts to suspend the driver license for up to two years of a person convicted of engaging in vandalism. The DMV will revoke your license if you are convicted of a hit-and-run or reckless driving. including graffiti. or • Impose driver license sanctions for minors convicted of misdemeanors involving firearms. the citation will still appear on your driving record.
If you get too many negligent driver points.
suspension or revocation By Dmv
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.000. the judge may offer the driver the opportunity to attend a Traffic Violator School.
traffic violator school Dismissals
possessing firearms
The court will: • Suspend or revoke the driving privilege of any minor convicted of possessing a concealable weapon or live ammunition. Your suspension or revocation order informs you of your right to a hearing. NOTE: If you have a commercial license and attend traffic school. DMV will place you on probation for one year (which includes a six-month suspension) or revoke your driving privilege (see page 86).1). the courts can delay the issuance of your driver license for up to three years from the date you are legally eligible to drive.
speeD contests/reckless Driving
When a driver is cited for a one point traffic violation.
vanDalism/graffiti— all ages
A person convicted of driving recklessly or engaging in a speed contest which causes bodily injury to another person is subject to: • Imprisonment in a county jail or state prison for a minimum of 30 days to 6 months. • A fine ranging from $220— $1. regardless of the type of vehicle you were driving when cited. If you are convicted and do not have a driver license. or • Both a fine and imprisonment (CVC §§23105 and 23109. and you must show proof of financial responsibility. At the end of the suspension or revocation period.

Submit the following to DMV: • A properly endorsed and completed Certificate of Title or Application for Duplicate Title (REG 227).A judge may suspend a person’s license. Regardless of the point count. report it to DMV within 5 days. • Felony or misdemeanor offense of recklessly fleeing a law enforcement officer. many serious offenses in which a vehicle is used are punishable by heavy penalties such as fines and/or imprisonment. You can complete the Notice of Transfer and Release of Liability form (REG 138) online. if the driver is convicted of one of the following: • Breaking speed laws or reckless driving.
california vehicles
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. • Engaging in lewd conduct and prostitution in a vehicle within 1. if appropriate. • Odometer Mileage Disclosure Statement if applicable. When you purchase a new or used vehicle from a licensed California dealer. Please visit the DMV website to obtain detailed information at www. • Use tax payment if required. • Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. • Failure to stop as required at a railway grade crossing. When you sell or transfer a vehicle. download and mail the completed form.
veHicle reGistrAtion reqUirements
The following is a brief summary of California’s vehicle registration requirements. dmv. bicyclist. stickers. Usually within six—eight weeks after the purchase date. The dealer submits these fees and documents to DMV and gives you temporary operating authority. • Smog certification provided by the seller if required. or call DMV at 1-800-7770133 to request a form by mail. If you use your vehicle as a weapon your driver license may be permanently revoked. license plates. you will receive a registration card. you must transfer the ownership within 10 days. • Assaulting a driver. or pedestrian when
suspension By JuDge
the offense occurs on a highway (road rage).ca. If you obtain or purchase a vehicle from a private party. • Appropriate DMV fees.gov. the dealer collects use tax and fees to register and title the vehicle.000 feet of a residence. • Hit-and-run. passenger. and a Certificate of Title.

• Out-of-state title and/or last issued out-of-state registration card. • Weight certificate for commercial vehicles only. law enforcement agent. They may renew the registration in their home state before it expires or register the vehicle in California. Nonresident military personnel and their spouses may operate their vehicles in California with their valid home state license plates or until the plates issued from the state of their last assigned duty station expire. • Appropriate DMV fees and use tax if applicable. or an auto club employee.Vehicles registered in another state or foreign country must be registered in California within 20 days after you become a resident or get a job (see page 2).
out-of-state vehicles
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. if the title is not submitted. • Verification of the vehicle completed by the DMV. • Smog certification (1976 and newer motor vehicles only). • Completed Odometer Mileage Disclosure statement if applicable. The items needed to register any out-of-state vehicle are: • Completed and signed Application for Title or Registration (REG 343).

sAmple test #1
1. When you drive through a construction zone, you should: a. Slow down to watch the workers. b. Decrease your following distance. c. Pass the construction zone carefully and not “rubberneck”. 2. To make a right turn at the corner, you: a. May not enter the bicycle lane. b. Should only merge into the bicycle lane if you stop before turning. c. Must merge into the bicycle lane before turning. 3. If a traffic signal light is not working, you must: a. Stop, then proceed when safe. b. Stop before entering the intersection and let all other traffic go first. c. Slow down or stop, only if necessary. 4. A pedestrian is crossing your lane but there is no crosswalk. You should: a. Make sure the pedestrian sees you, but continue driving. b. Carefully drive around the pedestrian. c. Stop and let the pedestrian cross the street. 5. Always use your seat belt: a. Unless the vehicle was built before 1978. b. Unless you are in a limousine. c. When the vehicle is equipped with seat belts. 6. The extra space in front of a large truck is needed for: a. Other drivers when merging onto a freeway. b. The truck driver to stop the vehicle. c. Other drivers when they want to slow down. 7. Roads are slippery after it first starts to rain. When the road is slippery you should: a. Avoid making fast turns and fast stops. b. Test your tires’ traction while going uphill. c. Decrease the distance you look ahead of your vehicle. 8. Collisions can happen more often when: a. All vehicles are traveling about the same speed. b. One lane of traffic is traveling faster than the other lanes. c. One vehicle is traveling faster or slower than the flow of traffic.

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ANSWERS: 1c, 2c, 3a, 4c, 5c, 6b, 7a, 8c

b. Yield to pedestrians only in the intersection. 3a. Cannot see the vehicle directly to your right. 8a
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. Keep the instrument panel lights bright to be more visible to other drivers. yellow lines. U-turns in residential districts are legal: a. On a green arrow. c. bicycle.dmV. Approaching you from behind. When you enter traffic from a stop (away from the curb). 3.GOV FOR MORE SAMPLE TESTS • ANSWERS: 1b. 7. or pedestrian in the intersection. Change lanes and maintain your current speed. You are approaching from behind.
GO ONLINE AT WWW. b. 4b. 5. Whenever you drive in California. Wait four seconds before proceeding. Only if you have been drinking alcohol. You consent to take a blood test for the alcohol content of your blood. c. Should drive slower than other traffic for 200 feet. 6. b. See the vehicle’s headlights in your rearview mirror. you must: a. c. or urine: a. c. Be prepared for workers and equipment ahead. b. 4. then drive into the lane. 2b. When driving at night on a dimly lit street. 8. Turn on your high beam headlights to better see the vehicles ahead of you. Yield to any vehicle.CA. b. Have passed the other vehicle’s front bumper. 5b. c. b. Slow down because the lane ends ahead. Should wait for the first two vehicles to pass. Drive slowly enough so you can stop within the area lighted by your headlights. you must: a. breath. b. Need a large enough gap to get up to the speed of traffic. b. c. On a one-way street on a green arrow. Dim your headlights for oncoming vehicles or when you are within 300 feet of a vehicle: a. you should: a. you: a. If you see orange construction signs and cones on a freeway. Only if you have a collision. You have already passed.sAmple test #2
1. 2. c. it is safe to return to your lane if you: a. Across two sets of solid double. When passing another vehicle. 7a. 6b. When there are no vehicles approaching nearby. c.