11 Tony Angell, 1978:53. Crows are of much benefit in cleaning up waste
matters from farms, andthe country side generally. As well,
people generally overlook the contribution crows make incontrolling the
insect population.

15 Florence Hubley of Tantallon, Nova Scotia, comments on this
characteristic of crows in her letter.She remarks, "We covered
him over at night with a box. He would snap at us if we touched him."

16 Francis Henry Allen, "The Aesthetic Sense in Birds as Illustrated by
the Crow,"Auk, 1919, Vol.36:112-113.

17 The common crow's ability to "imitate" extends beyond mimicking or
mocking behaviours. J.P.Porter writes that "One crow mastered a
novel door-opening response by watching another bird thathad been
trained previously to open the door in a puzzle-box experiment. The crow's good memorypermitted it to apply what it had observed the other crow doing." See J.P. Porter,
"Intelligence andImitation in Birds: A Criterion of Imitation,"American Journal of Psychology,
1910, Vol. 21:1-71.

18 Bent, 1946:226 ff.

19 Crows seem to enjoy moving objects around - even playing with them.
Joan Stiles comments,"One of his (Jake, the crow) most devilish
deeds, was swinging upside down on our neighbour'sclean clothes on the
clothes line. She would come running out with her broom to chase him away,he would just hover over her head and taunt her. When she went inside he would take the
clothespins off the clothes, let them drop to the ground, and then play
in them."