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In 1935, English mathematician Alan Turing proposed the first identified theory about software program in his essay ‘Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungs problem (Determination drawback)’. Nevertheless, as any info can be numerically encoded, individuals soon realized that computers are able to normal-function info processing Their capability to handle massive amounts of knowledge has prolonged the vary and accuracy of weather forecasting Their speed has allowed them to make decisions about routing telephone connections via a community and to manage mechanical techniques comparable to cars, nuclear reactors, and robotic surgical tools.

In virtually all trendy computers, each memory cell is ready up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (referred to as a byte ). Each byte is ready to represent 256 totally different numbers (28 = 256); both from 0 to 255 or −128 to +127.