Brazilian lawmakers continue to focus on an Internet bill that could force U.S. companies like Google Inc. to open costly data centers in the country amid fallout from allegations of cyberespionage by Washington.

For weeks, the lower house of Congress has deferred debate on other matters to discuss a measure that would require local storage of online data relating to Brazilian citizens. The requirement has been pushed by officials since allegations surfaced this year that the U.S. National Security Agency targeted...