The period from 1450 to 1650 is often referred to as the “Age of Discovery,” an era of advances in geographical knowledge and technology. It was also a time of European migration to other parts of the world. This Age of Expansion and European exploration from 1450 to 1525, greatly promoted by economical, technological, political, and religious factors, launched a major turning point in world history.

The economy of late fifteenth century played an important role in European conquest. The Ottoman capture of Constantinople in 1453 caused Europeans to turn to sub-Saharan Africa to supply their demand for slaves. In addition, the Muslim Ottoman Turks controlled the eastern Mediterranean, which brought about the discovery of new sea routes. The search for gold, as well as the desire to discover an overseas route to the spice markets of India, were also objectives of Portuguese exploration. Furthermore, enterprising young men of the Spanish upper classes immigrated to the Americas in search of fortunes. Wealth was a driving motivation, and the quest for material profit was the basic reason for expansion. Political issues aided the financial problems of exploration. The outward push of Spain, France, and England is explained by the ambition for political centralization. The Spanish monarchy supported foreign ventures and bore the costs and dangers. With the voyages of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus, Spain had begun the quest for an empire. On the other hand, Portugal, insignificant as a European land power, sought greatness in the domination of unknown overseas territories. The destruction and seizure of Muslim coastal forts, which later served as trading posts and military bases, laid the foundation for Portuguese imperialism. The want and control of land displayed the hunger for political power.Technological developments were key factors to European outreach. Cannons – iron or bronze guns that fired iron or stone balls – were mounted onto...

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...European Exploration
The things I tend to prove in this essay of European Exploration are major people you need to know, and what they did. I also plan to tell about why Europeans were interested in the land. Lastly I plan to tell you about the motivating factors. Overall the Europeans went on an exploration for a reason which is what they encountered.
There are a lot of reasons why Europeans were interested in discovering new lands and markets. I am going to list some examples of why Europeans were interested in discovering new lands and markets. One reason was that the expanding of European states stimulated increase of trade with markets in Asia. Also the European nations in front of the Atlantic Ocean saw new routes for trade. European nations also wanted to spread Christianity Religion. The European nations made a trade pattern known as the triangular trade. Europeans really were interested in discovering new lands and markets.
There were a lot of important explorers in the European Exploration; here is some. One of the biggest you should already know is Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus was an important explorer because he was famous for discovering the New World, but Christopher Columbus died thinking he had reached the Indies. Another one was Prince Henry (the Navigator). Prince...

...SMJK AVE MARIA CONVENT
SCIENCE
B6D7E1 – The Principles of expansion and contraction of matter
Name: Lim Li Fern (14)
Class: 1P11
Identification Card No.: 990412-11-5206
Subject teacher: Puan Norlida
Heat does to matter is changes it state. There is something more subtle though that can cause big problems. Look at this devise. When you heat both this ball and the ring the ring expands like a long bar of metal. The ball expands less so when they are heated the ball fits through the ring. You may want to look for these and try this demo as many of you probably have these.
Another neat tool to show the expansion of metals is this bimetal bar. It is made with one metal on one side and another metal on the other side. One metal expands more rapidly so the bar twists when heated.
This affects things in the real world drastically. If this is not considered when building something we can end up with a road buckling. Engineers then plan for the expansion and contraction due to heat.
In a pipe we may see special parts like this or this so that the pipe can expand in length without breaking.
Behaviour of matter - Expansion and contractioncontraction
Substances expand or get bigger when they are heated up. They contractor get smaller when they are cooled down. This property can be useful.
* Thermometers work because the liquid inside them expands and rises up the tube when it gets...

...﻿Audrey Hamblen
Victoria Anderson
AP U.S. History
August 14, 2014
Motives, Problems, and Rewards of European Exploration
Europeanexpansion in the 1400's was an unforeseen event that changed everything. This age endowed Europe to control something it never thought it could. With the persuasion of firm motives, the Europeans and their countries endured troublesome problems and prospered with advantageous rewards during the age of exploration and expansion.
What provoked European countries in the early fifteenth century to send their men into the vast unknown? The motives of these countries are relatively summed up into three words: God, Glory, and Gold. The countries wanted to spread the Roman Catholic faith to any inhabitant of the unexplored word they came across. Huge missionaries were set up in the northwestern part of Spanish empire in the new world to teach the faith, as well as in other settled regions of the new world. However, spreading the catholic faith was only the tip of iceberg; the glory one's country received in claiming new lands and people was beyond surmise. Also, those who claimed the land that gave the country glory became glorious themselves, creating a motive in itself. However, God and Glory were not the most pressing motive persuading a country. The fight to find gold was what most motivated the anxious countries. The hearsay of gold is what sparked...

...﻿Name
09/23/14
World History
The Economic and Political Causes of European Exploration and Colonization
By 1400s, European countries began to dominate the globe with trade and advanced technologies. England, Spain, France and Portugal emerged as the strongest nations in the 1400s and 1500s. For reasons separate for each, the dominant European powers desired to expand their reign beyond Europe. Europeans began exploring various economic reasons, but they did not want to set up colonies right away. However, political reasons arose after the first discovery of the New World for European nations to begin colonizing lands to expand their authorities. Wealth, national pride, and religious and political freedom were the main causes of exploration and colonization.
First, the primary aim of exploration was to find an alternative route by sea to the riches of the East. In the 1400s, European nations were using trade to gain wealth. In particular, trade with Asia for luxuries such as silks, spices, gold, and jewels that were not available in Europe was lucrative business. However, Muslims controlled the land trade route because it was geographically located between Europe and Asia; Europeans had difficulty traveling by land to Asia because they had religious conflicts with the Muslims. As a solution, the Europeans sought ways to go by sea. Chritopher...

...Purpose: In this lab, we will heat up a metal rod and measure how much it expands. We will calculate its Coefficient of Linear Expansion, α, and prove the formula for thermal expansion, ΔL = αLiΔT. Also, we heat up a known volume of methyl alcohol and calculate its Coefficient of Volume Expansion, β, and prove the formula for volume expansion of a liquid ΔV = βViΔT.
Equipment: Hollow Metal Rods of different metals, Steam Generator, Stand, Burner, Flexible Hoses, Motion Amplifier, Micrometer, Meter Stick, Thermometer, Methyl Alcohol, Test Tubes, Beaker, Vernier Caliper, Rod, and Clamps
Procedure: For the first part of the lab, we try to prove the formula for thermal expansion, ΔL = αLiΔT. We first set up the lab by pouring water into the steam generator about three quarters full and then placing the top on it. Then we grab the flexible hoses and connect them to both ends of a metal rod. We then connect the end with the grove to the steam generator and then other we place paper towels underneath them, knowing that steam is going to come out from there. We measure the diameter of the pin, p=0.00303m, and then place the knife-edge support and the rollers and pin a distance and pin a bit smaller than the length of the rod. We place the knife-edge support on the groove on the rod and the other end of the rod on top of the rollers and pin. Now that it has been set up, we write down the length of...

...The discovery, exploration, and colonization of foreign lands by the Europeans were driven by three vague yet consistent points. God, gold, and glory were the three chief reasons for exploration. The motives for Spanish, French and English explorers were all different, although in some ways, they were the same. They all wanted to find the Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient (home of spices, silks and wealth). They also wanted to lay claim to new land to expand their empires. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. France also wanted to spread Christianity and find a new route by water to the East through North America. The English were motivated by a desire to colonize as much of the Americas as possible (to add to the escalating British Empire).
European control over South America, Africa and Asia were made out to be good for the native people of these lands. However, the Europeans were not there to help these geographic areas. They were there to spread their influence and gain riches for themselves and the European nations. The successes and failures of the Europeans and non Europeans would decide their relationship status for as long as they could co-exist.
New technology and more advance technology also gave Europeans an...

...In "The Europeans", the Americans (symbolized by the Wentworths) are Puritans who abide by strict Puritan rules, which promote the Puritan way of life. The Europeans, on the other hand (symbolized by Eugenia and Felix), are not Puritans but are sophisticated, opportunistic, and sometimes lax in their way of life. This sometimes causes confusion and conflict when their lives are enmeshed. But it also sometimes brings about an understanding, respect, tolerance and appreciation of one another's beliefs, values, cultures and opinions.
In the American culture, James appreciated the 'good', which we associate with the moral earnestness of the Puritans; in the older European culture he admired the life lived, not in terms of moral ideas, but of aristocratic style. The most important theme of his novel, called "The International Theme" emerges in a portrayal of the relationship or clash between these two cultures.
James was interested in the moral perceptions of the characters - perceptions which emerged as a result of bringing together the two cultures, the one with its apparent naivety or cultural innocence, the other, with its wider experience and sophistication that verged on decadence.
The author is not severely criticising European values, or American values. James is not 'taking sides'. The author is able to direct gentle satire at European sophistication as well at the 'stiffness' of the Americans....

...﻿Thermal Expansion
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature, through heat transfer.
The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. Specifically, it measures the fractional change in size per degree change in temperature at a constant pressure. Several types of coefficients have been developed: volumetric, area, and linear. This is used depending on the particular application and which dimensions are considered important. For solids, one might only be concerned with the change along a length, or over some area.
Over small temperature ranges, the linear nature of thermal expansion leads to expansion relationships for length, area, and volume in terms of the linear expansion coefficient.
Linear Expansion
The relationship governing the linear expansion of a long thin rod can be reasoned out as follows:
General volumetric thermal expansion coefficient
In the general case of a gas, liquid, or solid, the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion is given by
The subscript p indicates that the pressure is held constant during the expansion, and the subscript "V" stresses that it is the volumetric (not linear) expansion that enters this general definition. In the case of a gas,...