Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Seized By U.S. Government

Why do the big deals always happen over the weekends? So the big boyz in government and finance can take off their neckties when they bargain with each other? So the markets will be closed and unable to register a response one way or another? So the shrinking fraction of the U.S. public that pays attention to anything besides NASCAR and pornography won’t catch the news Saturday evening?

This weekend’s big deal was the U.S. government taking over the “government sponsored enterprises” (GSEs) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that guarantee trillions of dollars in mortgages. The “guarantee” is supposedly accomplished by converting bundles of mortgages from the banks and loan companies that originate them (that make the contracts with the buyers of houses) into bonds that can be sold downstream. Risk was theoretically dispersed among the holders of these bonds. This all seemed to work during the long stable period when our cheap oil economy was chugging along, and house prices maintained a consistent relationship with incomes, and people paid their mortgages dependably. The whole system ran like a reliable machine – like a Chrysler slant- six engine!

Until the cheap oil age came to an end. Then, all parts of the system shook apart. It was the end of cheap oil that catalyzed the housing collapse and, by extension, the current huge financial crisis. But the run up to it was like a bounce off a high diving board into an empty pool. The bounce came around 2001 when it became apparent that the U.S. standard-of-living could not be maintained on incomes in a post-cheap- oil economy. The trauma of 9/11 prompted a new and utterly insane consensus to form that the US standard of living could be switched over from income to massive debt. All the normal brakes against irresponsible lending and borrowing came off – embodied in Alan Greenspan’s absurd statement that it was a good time to assume an adjustable rate mortgage when interest rates were at a historic low – meaning they could only be adjusted upwards. Why hold Greenspan responsible? Because he was at the apex of the authority vested with establishing norms, and he shoved our behavior into the realm of the recklessly abnormal, and he should have known better.

The public went along with it because “free money” and high living are fun. Their behavior was reinforced by other authorities – for instance, President Bush, who told Americans to go shopping after the 9/11 attacks. (They went shopping with credit cards.) Things really wobbled in 2005 – which was, coincidentally, the year of all-time world-wide peak conventional oil production – with hurricanes Katrina and Rita ripping through the Gulf of Mexico oil rigs as a dramatic highlight. (It was also the year that The Long Emergency was published.)

Since then, the U.S. economy and the financial part of it that became a nine hundred pound tail wagging a thirty-pound dog, has been held together with baling wire, duct tape, and band-aids. All the debt run up by all parties – home-owners, credit-card holders, business, banks, hedge funds, government – is not being paid back reliably, and all the leveraged arrangements that depend on it being paid back are coming apart. Thus, capital disappears. The wealth of a nation disappears. All that remains is the pretense that we are still a wealthy society

Fannie and Freddie are near the center of this black hole of debt. So far, the black hole has been “papered over” by the old stage magician’s trick of diverting the audience’s attention. The systemic wound that Bear Stearns represented, was covered up with a band-aid applied by the Federal Reserve’s exchange of loans for worthless securities. In fact, the capital of Bear Stearns actually did disappear – a mere residue of it, a few cents on the dollar, was shifted to JP Morgan as payment for taking the wrapper off the band-aid. But, basically, the money is gone.

Now, the same thing has happened with Fannie and Freddie, except that the scale is an order of magnitude greater. This time, the U.S. Treasury Department is assuming worthless paper and paying out much larger loans to enterprises that are functionally bankrupt. The exact nature of the government’s chartered “sponsorship” has always been ambiguous. Professional opinion has generally held that government backing was implied rather than explicit – but that’s a ridiculous internal contradiction that went unchallenged for decades as Fannie and Freddie’s Ponzi-style operation lumbered on (and their executives made off with obscene payouts). Now the government’s role has suddenly been made explicit. It will probably only make things worse, since the enterprises are too big and over-scaled to work under any circumstances, let alone insolvency.

One thing this points to is a truth that is uniformly overlooked by kibitzers: that what we developed over the past decade in America was not an “information economy” or a “consumer economy” but a suburban sprawl building economy, meaning an economy dedicated to building a living arrangement with no future. The climax of the sprawl building economy occurred in absolute lockstep with the climax of peak oil. You can date it virtually to the month – May, 2005. After that, the future asserted itself and all the financial expectations bound up with sprawl-building went up in a vapor – including the value of mortgages on suburban houses. Everything that followed has been an attempt to cover up this basic reality: that the way we live in America can’t continue.

The reason our energy debate is so hollow and idiotic is because we can’t face this basic reality. The fantasy-du-jour among both political parties is that we can become “energy independent.” By this they mean we can keep on living the way we do by means other than oil. This is just not true. We have to make profound changes in everything we do from the way we inhabit the landscape to the way we produce our food. Lately, the only change we’ve shown any interest in is changing what our cars run on. But that is not going to rescue us, not even a little. Our inability to talk about anything else except the cars will drag us down into poverty and turmoil.

The housing market is not coming back. Ever. In the form that we knew it. The suburban project is over. That version of the American Dream is over. We’ll be a lot better off if we put aside dreaming altogether for a while and start focusing on reality instead – that part of the day when we’re awake and capable of actually doing things. We’ve got a lot to face and a lot to do.

The government takeover of Fannie and Freddie is just another papering- over of our fundamental problem – that until we embark on new ways of being a nation, of living differently and working differently on different things, the other nations of the world will not have confidence in us, or the paper we issue, and we will not really have confidence in ourselves.

I have believed all along – and said as much in The Long Emergency – that we would not get through this crisis without passing through a period of hardship. We’re entering it now. Even if the stock markets shoot up five hundred points today on the basis of the Fannie-Freddie deal (and the mistaken belief that our troubles are over), we are only at the beginning of a very painful workout. Personally, I think we’re in for financial carnage before the election. The Fannie-Freddie deal may be the place where the wheels really come off.

(born 1948) is an American author, social critic, and blogger who is perhaps best known for his book The Geography of Nowhere, a history of suburbia and urban development in the United States. He is prominently featured in the peak oil documentary, The End of Suburbia, widely circulated on the internet. In his most recent book, The Long Emergency (2005), he argues that declining oil production is likely to result in the end of industrialized society and force Americans to live in localized, agrarian communities.

The 6 seat big boot Australian AP6 Valiant with the slant 6 engine was at least half tonne lighter than the Chryslers that ran it in the US. The analogy could also be applied to the commute distances now to work, the malls, and the factory stores. Australia too has problems with obesity & complacency driven by the ingestion of US originated funny money. However, even though Sydney has stuffed up on infrastructure, in other regions we have at least a break even chance of slimming down. I wouldn’t be trading places to live in a US society of repressed… Read more »

nothing like robbing peter to pay paul ! maybe some more revenue enhancements for the peasants, and more tax relief for the elite.

yikes, more of same.

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8 years 2 months ago

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