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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The mitochondrial genome content of the developing nematode is developmentally regulated; it increases about 30-fold between the L1 and the adult stages and blocking the increase leads to larval arrest.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Neuronal expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and the cell adhesion molecule L1 has been correlated with CNS axonal growth and regeneration, but it is not known whether expression of these molecules is necessary for axonal regeneration to occur.

We have taken advantage of the fact that Purkinje cells do not express GAP-43 or L1 in adult mammals or regenerate axons into peripheral nerve grafts to test the importance of these molecules for axonal regeneration in vivo.

Transgenic mice were generated in which Purkinje cells constitutively express L1 or both L1 and GAP-43 under the Purkinje cell-specific L7 promoter, and regeneration of Purkinje cell axons into peripheral nerve grafts implanted into the cerebellum was examined.

Purkinje cells expressing both GAP-43 and L1 showed more extensive axonal sprouting and axonal growth into the proximal portion of the graft.

The results demonstrate that GAP-43 and L1 coexpressed in Purkinje cells can act synergistically to switch these regeneration-incompetent CNS neurons into a regeneration-competent phenotype and show that coexpression of these molecules is a key regulator of the regenerative ability of intrinsic CNS neurons in vivo.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Sera of ten dogs infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum were analyzed by immunoblotting proteins of first stage larvae (L1) and adult parasites.

The molecular weights (m.w.) of the principal L1 proteins identified by IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE were 18-118 kDa and those of the adult parasite were 28-209 kDa.

The L1 proteins had not been recognized by IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies in sera of dogs naturally infected with Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, and Dipylidium caninum, although only weakly by IgE.

Adult parasite proteins were recognized by antibodies in sera of dogs naturally infected with gastrointestinal helminths.

Adult parasite proteins with m.w. of approximately 51, 63, 92, and 209 kDa recognized by IgG could be used for specific diagnosis of canine angiostrongylosis.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

This study looks at the relationship between L1 (Russian) attrition and L1 reading ability in Russian-English-speaking bilingual children.

Nine out of 10 children participants were born in the US and used L1 as their primary language of interaction within the family, but the intensity and the length of uninterrupted L1 exposure differed for each child.

All participants were tested on perception (grammaticality judgement) and production (narrative) tasks to assess their sensitivity to and retention of the morphosyntactic structure of L1.

All children showed some attrition of grammatical morphemes, specifically in the Russian systems of declension and conjugation; however, the degree of attrition correlated with reading ability in L1, i.e. children with L1 reading skills showed a lesser degree of attrition for some language-specific morphosyntactic structures.

This finding shows interdependence of oral and reading skills and points to the role reading in language with shallow orthography may play in preservation of L1 grammatical structures in oral language.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Is the T9, T11, or L1 the more reliable proximal level after adult lumbar or lumbosacral instrumented fusion to L5 or S1?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the postoperative proximal junctional change and revision prevalence as influenced by 3 different proximal levels after adult lumbar deformity instrumented fusion from the distal thoracic/upper lumbar spine (T9-L2) to L5 or S1.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Few comparative studies on postoperative sagittal plane change and revision prevalence as influenced by 3 different proximal levels after adult lumbar deformity instrumented fusion from the distal thoracic/upper lumbar spine (T9-L2) to L5 or S1 have been published.

Many surgeons have hypothesized that stopping proximally in the upper lumbar spine (L1 or L2) or the thoracolumbar junction (T11 or T12) would lead to a high percentage of rapid proximal degeneration, kyphosis, and decompensation because of the concentration of stress on these relatively mobile segments.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We report three reaction time (RT)/event-related brain potential (ERP) semantic priming lexical decision experiments that explore the following in relation to L1 activation during L2 processing:.

(1) the role of L2 proficiency, (2) the role of sentence context, and (3) the locus of L1 activations (orthographic vs. semantic).

All experiments used German (L1) homonyms translated into English (L2) to form prime-target pairs (pine-jaw for Kiefer) to test whether the L1 caused interference in an all-L2 experiment.

Based on these results, we argue that cognitive control relating to translational activation is modulated by (1) L2 proficiency, as the early interference in the N200 was observed only for low-proficiency learners, and (2) sentence context, as it helps high-proficiency learners control L1 activation.

As reversed priming was observed in the N200 and not the N400 component, we argue that (3) the locus of the L1 activations was orthographic.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

A peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and evaluated for its diagnostic ability to detect human IgG antibodies against Fasciola gigantica cathepsin L1.

Two previously identified B-cell epitopes of cathepsin L1 were synthesized as single synthetic peptides (acetyl-DKIDWRESGYVTEVKDQGNC-carboxamide and acetyl-DKIDWRESGYVTELKDQGNC-carboxamide) and their diagnostic potential was evaluated.

The peptide-based ELISA was compared with an indirect ELISA with crude excretory-secretory products or with partially purified specific 27-kDa (FG27) antigen from adult F. gigantica.

METHODS: HPV L1 genes fragment in 1200 positive cervical samples detected with HC-II for high-risk HPV DNA were amplified by HPV-specific PCR with consensus primers, and the L1 genes of HPV81 were sequenced for mutation analysis.

Point mutations of HPV81 L1 gene were found in all of the samples.

CONCLUSION: Compared with the HPV81 prototypes published in GenBank, several new point mutations are found in the L1 genes of the HPV81 in Guangdong, and these mutations are close to those found in Japan.

[MeSH-minor]Adult. China. Female. Humans. Point Mutation

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Ac-daf-7 mRNA was strongly detected by reverse transcriptase PCR in L3 and serum stimulated L3 cDNA, and weakly in cDNA from L1 and adult life cycle stages.

Antiserum against Escherichia coli expressed recombinant Ac-DAF-7 detected the mature protein in L3 and adult soluble extracts, but not in excretory/secretory products from serum stimulated L3 or adults.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: HPV L1 capsid protein is expressed together with the production of infectious viral particles, but its expression and relation to p16 expression, which has been a surrogate marker for human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in cervix, are little studied in cytology samples.

The authors aimed to elucidate the relation between L1 capsid protein and p16 protein expressions in liquid-based samples from uterine cervical lesions.

RESULTS: L1 capsid protein was positive in 30% of LSILs and 12% of HSILs, but in 0% of SCCs.

L1-positive cells were only observed in the superficial layer, whereas p16-positive cells were seen throughout the full thickness of the epithelium.

The relation between L1 capsid protein and p16 protein, p16(-)/L1(+) cases represented 44% of LSILs, but 0% of HSILs, and 0% of SCCs, whereas p16(+)/L1(-) cases represented 82% of LSILs, 88% of HSILs, and 100% of SCCs.

CONCLUSIONS: Expression of L1 capsid protein decreased with lesion progression from LSILs to HSILs and SCCs, whereas p16 protein was positive in all HSILs and SCCs.

The correlation between L1 and p16 expressions suggests that L1(-)/p16(+) cases have the potential for progression, whereas L1(+)/p16(-) and L1(-)/p16(-) cases may be nonprogressive lesions or potentially in remission.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Novel mutations in the L1CAM gene support the complexity of L1 syndrome.

X-linked hydrocephalus, MASA syndrome, X-linked complicated Spastic Paraplegia Type I and X-linked partial agenesis of the corpus callosum are the four rare diseases usually referred to L1 syndrome, caused by mutations in the L1CAM gene.

Patients' phenotype evaluation revealed a correlation between the number of clinical features typical of L1 syndrome and the chance to find causative mutation.

METHODS: The cDNA encoding human PD-L1 precursor was cloned from the total RNA extracted from the resting and phorbol dibutyrate plus ionomycin- or phytohemagglutinin-activated PBMC, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and independent clones were sequenced and analyzed.

The PD-L1 gene expression in different PBMC was also analyzed by RT-PCR.

RESULTS: A novel human PD-L1 splice variant was identified from the activated PBMC.

In addition, the expression pattern of the PD-L1 splice variant was variable in different individuals and in different cellular status.

CONCLUSION: PD-L1 expression may be regulated at the posttranscriptional level through alternative splicing, and modulation of the PD-L1 isoform expression may influence the outcome of specific immune responses in the peripheral tissues.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The L1 cell adhesion molecule is induced in renal cancer cells and correlates with metastasis in clear cell carcinomas.

PURPOSE: The L1 cell adhesion molecule is overexpressed in many human carcinomas.

The objectives of the study were to provide a comprehensive description of L1 distribution in human kidney and to establish the prognostic relevance of L1 expression in renal cell carcinomas (RCC).

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using two antibodies to the extracellular part and the cytoplasmic domain, respectively, we first compared L1 expression in normal kidney and renal tumors of diverse histopathologic origin, then we studied L1 expression together with tumor stage, grade, molecular prognostic biomarkers, and metastatic behavior.

RESULTS: In normal kidney, L1 immunoreactive with both antibodies was expressed in all epithelial cells originating from the ureteric bud except for intercalated cells.

In renal tumors, L1 was mainly detected in those originating from cells that do not express L1 in the normal kidney [i.e., 33 of 72 clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and 25 of 88 papillary RCC (papRCC)].

Both in ccRCC and papRCC, L1 reacted only with the antibody to the extracellular domain, suggesting that the protein was truncated.

In these carcinomas, L1 expression was strongly correlated with Ki-67 proliferation index (ccRCC, P = 0.0059; papRCC, P = 0.0039), but only in ccRCC, the presence of L1 was associated with the risk of metastasis (P = 0.0121).

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Association of the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 genetic polymorphism with the susceptibility of Parkinson's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To study the association of two polymorphisms of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 gene(UCH-L1), the 54C/A in exon 3 and the 277C/G in exon 4, with sporadic Parkinson's disease(PD) in Hans from North China.

METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to investigate the genotype and allele frequencies of the UCH-L1 C/A and C/G loci, in a case-control study including 75 sporadic PD and 100 randomly selected healthy control subjects.

RESULTS: (1)There was significant difference between PD patients and controls in the frequencies of UCH-L1 genotype and C/A allele(P<0.05).

The frequencies of allele A and genotype AA were both significantly lower in PD patients than that in the controls(P<0.05).(2)There was no polymorphism in the UCH-L1 C/G locus in all cases and controls.

CONCLUSION: (1)There might be association between the polymorphisms of UCH-L1 C/A locus and sporadic PD in Han population from North China.(2)There is no polymorphism in the UCH-L1 C/G locus in Hans from this region.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] An analysis on the combination expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16INK4a in cervical lesions.

The aims of this study were to detect the expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16(INK4a) in cervical lesions and to investigate the combination expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16(INK4a) in cervical lesions and its diagnostic efficiency in clinic.

Immunochemical method was used to detect the expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16(INK4a) in 169 cases of abnormal cytology.

The expression rates of HPV L1 capsid protein, p16(INK4a), and L1(-)/p16(+) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2, CIN3, and squamous-cell carcinoma were statistically different from those in CIN1 (P < 0.001).

The expressions of HPV L1 capsid protein, L1(+)/p16(+), L1(+)/p16(-), and L1(-)/p16(-) were negatively correlated with the severity of cervical lesions (P < 0.001), whereas the expressions of p16(INK4a) and L1(-)/p16(+) were positively correlated with the severity of cervical lesions (P < 0.001).

The specificity and A(Z) of combining L1 with p16 (INK4a) were statistically higher than L1 or p16 (INK4a) alone (P < 0.05).

L1 and p16(INK4a) are useful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cervical lesions.

The combination of L1 and p16(INK4a) has a higher diagnostic accuracy than L1 or p16(INK4a) alone in diagnosis of cervical lesions.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The L1 cell adhesion molecule (CD171) is a multidomain membrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

We evaluated its expression in human acute kidney injury and assessed its use as a tissue and urinary marker of acute tubular injury.

Using immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to the extracellular or cytoplasmic domains, we compared L1 expression in normal kidneys in 24 biopsies taken from patients with acute tubular necrosis.

L1 was found at the basolateral and the lateral membrane in all epithelial cells of the collecting duct in the normal kidney except for intercalated cells.

In acute tubular necrosis, L1 lost its polarized distribution being found in both the basolateral and apical domains of the collecting duct.

Apically expressed L1 found only when the cytoplasmic domain antibody was used in biopsy specimens of patients with acute tubular necrosis.

The levels of urinary L1, normalized for creatinine, were significantly higher in all 24 patients with acute tubular necrosis compared to five patients with prerenal azotemia or to six patients with other causes of acute kidney injury.

Our study shows that a soluble form of human L1 can be detected in the urine of patients with acute tubular necrosis and that this may be a marker of distal nephron injury.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

A serological test for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females at risk of developing cervical cancer could be based on conserved L1 peptides with low levels of antigenicity specifically recognized by antibodies from patients with cervical lesions infected with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types.

The aim was to assess the ability of L1 peptides 18283, 18294, and 18301 compared with the ability of virus-like particles (VLPs) to identify these infections in females.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

In this study, we used retroviral transduction to genetically modify SCs from transgenic GFP-mice in order to overexpress the cell adhesion molecule L1, a protein promoting neurite outgrowth and implicated in myelination.

SCs transduced to express L1 or its chimeric secreted form L1-Fc were mixed and grafted rostrally to the lesion site of adult mice immediately after spinal cord compression injury.

Our results indicate that 3 weeks postoperatively, but not thereafter, mice transplanted with L1/L1-Fc-expressing SCs exhibited faster locomotor recovery as compared to animals which received SCs transduced with a control vector or no cells at all.

Moreover, increased sprouting of serotonergic fibers into and across the lesion site was observed in the L1/L1-Fc group as compared with controls.

Our results suggest that transplantation of L1-overexpressing SCs enhances early events in spinal cord repair after injury and may be considered in combinatorial strategies together with other regeneration-promoting molecules.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-specific antibodies are proposed to be the correlate of protection afforded by HPV L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines.

Here, we have adapted a generalized memory B cell ELISPOT to the HPV16 system and expanded the analysis of the systemic antibody response to include an avidity measurement of HPV L1 VLP-specific antibodies.

This is the first comprehensive study to correlate a variety of humoral aspects potentially associated with protective immunity following vaccination with a HPV16 L1 VLP vaccine.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Sustained efficacy up to 4.5 years of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18: follow-up from a randomised control trial.

Our aim was to assess the long-term efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a bivalent HPV-16/18 L1 virus-like particle AS04 vaccine against incident and persistent infection with HPV 16 and HPV 18 and their associated cytological and histological outcomes.

INTERPRETATION: Up to 4.5 years, the HPV-16/18 L1 virus-like particle AS04 vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe, and induces a high degree of protection against HPV-16/18 infection and associated cervical lesions.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Heterogeneity in progenitor cell subtypes in the ventricular zone of the zebrafish adult telencephalon.

The zebrafish has become a new model for adult neurogenesis, owing to its abundant neurogenic areas in most brain subdivisions.

In this work, we studied the expression of various transgenic or immunocytochemical markers for glial cells (gfap:gfp, cyp19a1b:gfp, BLBP, and S100beta), progenitors (nestin:gfp and Sox2), and neuroblasts (PSA-NCAM) in cycling progenitors of the adult zebrafish telencephalon (identified by expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), MCM5, or bromodeoxyuridine incorporation).

We demonstrate the existence of distinct populations of dividing cells at the adult telencephalic VZ.

On the basis of the marker gene expression and distinct cell morphologies, we propose a classification for the dividing cell states at the zebrafish adult telencephalic VZ.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: To date, no study has critically examined the radiographic characteristics of the lumbar curve after selective thoracic fusion for the adult idiopathic scoliosis patient population.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiographic response of the lumbar curve to selective thoracic fusion in the adult scoliosis population with correlative clinical outcomes.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Chain formation and glial tube assembly in the shift from neonatal to adult subventricular zone of the rodent forebrain.

The two distinct compartments of the adult rodent forebrain SVZ, astrocytic glial tubes and chains of migrating cells, are not distinguishable in the embryonic and early postnatal counterpart.

In this study we analyzed the SVZ of mice and rats around birth and throughout different postnatal stages, describing molecular and morphological changes which lead to the typical structural arrangement of adult SVZ.

The attainment of an adult SVZ compartmentalization, on the other hand, seems linked to the pattern of expression of adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: To review the results and proximal adjacent problems of long fusion (more than 4 levels) according to the level of proximal fusion (L2~T9) in adult lumbar deformity using pedicle screw fixation.

OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: There are few written reports concerning proximal adjacent segmental failure according to the level of proximal fusion in adult lumbar deformity.

METHODS: The radiographs and clinical records of thirty-five patients (30 females, 5 males) of adult lumbar deformity with more than 2-year follow-up after surgery were analyzed.

All patients were divided into three groups according to the level of proximal fusion: Group 1 (n=14) fusion up to L1 or L2; Group 2 (n=14) fusion up to T11 or T12; and Group 3 (n=7) fusion up to T9 or T10.

CONCLUSIONS: Fusion up to throacolumbar junction (L2~T11) in surgical treatment of adult lumbar deformity had more proximal adjacent problems with poorer results.

Fusion higher than T10 is recommended for adult lumbar deformity.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Organization and neurochemical properties of intersegmental interneurons in the lumbar enlargement of the adult rat.

Intersegmental interneurons with relatively short axons perform an important role in the coordination of limb movement but surprisingly little is known about their organization and how they contribute to neuronal networks in the adult rat.

The b-subunit of cholera toxin was injected into L1 or L3 segments of seven rats in the vicinity of lateral or medial motor nuclei.

We also examined axon terminals that projected from L1/3 to the L5 contralateral lateral motor nucleus.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] The intimate relationship of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons with the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule revisited across development and adult plasticity.

In this review, we will focus on the intimate relationship of developing and adult GnRH neurons with the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a major molecular actor in the morphogenesis and adult plasticity of the nervous system.

In the adult, we will review the relationships between PSA-NCAM and GnRH neurons across various physiological states, and open the discussion to the use of new model systems that can help to unravel the function and mechanism of action of PSA-NCAM on GnRH neuronal network activity and GnRH release.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Occurrence and distribution of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a neuroplasticity marker known to modulate BDNF signalling, were examined by immunohistochemistry in the human brainstem precerebellar nuclei at prenatal, perinatal and adult age.

With few exceptions, for both substances the distribution pattern detected at prenatal age persisted later on, though the immunoreactivity appeared often higher in pre- and full-term newborns than in adult specimens.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

A high incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is reported.

However, studies comprising both childhood and adult patients are sparse and the clinical relevance of DIC in ALL patients has been a conflicting issue.

Coagulation profiles at presentation and within seven days after starting remission-induction therapy of 44 childhood and 51 adult ALL patients were studied.

At presentation, two childhood (5%) and 11 adult (22%) patients had DIC (p<0.05).

After starting therapy, four of 27 childhood (15%) and 14 of 33 adult (42%) patients screened for coagulopathy developed DIC (p<0.05).

In the adult cases, DIC was more frequently complicated with FAB subtype L2 than L1 (p<0.05).

In the adult patients, two patients with DIC had WHO grade 3 hemorrhage and the other hemorrhagic complications were minor hemorrhages.

While milder induction therapies starting with corticosteroid given for childhood cases should be taken into consideration when comparing the incidences of DIC after therapy, the findings indicated that childhood and adult ALL may differ in the procoagulant characteristics.

Morphological distinction between L1 and L2 appears to have relevance in the procoagulant activity in adult ALL.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate ASD after instrumented LIF performed at a single level and only for the homogeneous disease of adult low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis.

METHODS: A total of 128 patients who had undergone LIF for the treatment of adult low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis involving the lower lumbar spine at our institution between February 2001 and December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed by chart review and telephone survey.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

With the aim of providing information relevant to the potential for dynamic changes of specific neuronal populations in man, this study analyses the immunohistochemical occurrence of PSA-NCAM in the human trigeminal ganglion (TG) and brainstem neuronal populations at prenatal and adult age.

In the TG, PSA-NCAM is localized to neuronal perikarya, nerve fibres, pericellular networks, and satellite and Schwann cells; further, cytoplasmic perikaryal staining and positive pericellular fibre networks are detectable with higher frequency in adult than in newborn tissue.

In the adult tissue, positive neurons are mostly small- and medium-sized, and amount to about 6% of the total ganglionic population.

In specimens of different age, the distribution pattern remains fairly steady, whereas the density of immunoreactive structures and the staining intensity may change and are usually higher in newborn than in adult specimens.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

For this study a sensitive seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect HPV-DNA; moreover in all positive samples, HPV genotyping was based on sequencing of the HPV genome L1 region.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Here, we provide evidence for the expression of ABCA2 in the rodent sciatic nerve not only in Schwann cells, which express the Schwann cell marker S100beta and a zinc finger transcription factor Krox20 (a marker for myelin-forming Schwann cells), but also in Krox20-negative cells, which express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a cell adhesion molecule L1, and S100beta weekly.

The expression of ABCA2 in Krox20+/S100beta+ Schwann cells was found initially in rat facial nerve at postnatal day (PD) 8, in half (52.4%) of the cells showing myelinization at PD 14, and in all of the cells in the adult stage.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Double-labeling immunohistochemistry of human adipose tissue sections revealed that RenR was colocalized with renin, whereas incubation of 3T3-L1, a preadipocyte cell line, with renin stimulated the phosphorylation state of the intracellular signaling pathway ERK 1/2, and short exposure of human adipose stromal cells in primary culture to renin was followed by a long-lasting dose-dependent increase of angiotensin I generation, indicating that adipose RenR is functional.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The effects of arecoline on lipolysis of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were determined by the glycerol release assay, indicating that arecoline induced lipolysis in an adenylyl cyclase-dependent manner.

The diabetogenic effects of arecoline on differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated by the glucose uptake assay, revealing that > or = 300 microM arecoline significantly attenuated insulin-induced glucose uptake; however, no marked effect on basal glucose uptake was detected.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Both SSAO and MAO were increased from undifferentiated preadipocytes to lipid-laden cells in all the models: 3T3-F442A and 3T3-L1 murine lineages, human SGBS cell strain or human preadipocytes in primary culture.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Eleven native German SI and controls matched in L2 proficiency and age of acquisition were asked to judge whether auditory presented disyllabic noun pairs both within and across the German (L1) and English (L2) languages were either semantically congruent or incongruent.

We revealed enlarged N400 responses in SI while they detected incongruent trials both within the native (L1) and non-native (L2) language and also while they performed the task in the opposite direction as specifically trained (L1 to L2).

These enlarged N400 responses in SI suggest a training-induced altered sensitivity to semantic processing within and across L1 and L2.

The enlarged N400 responses we revealed in SI to congruent noun pairs during the German-English condition (L1 to L2) may indicate that SI could not benefit from an L1 prime when the target was a L2 word, suggesting additional processing resulting from long-term backwards (L2 to L1) training.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Cytogenetics in pre-B and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study of 208 patients diagnosed between 1981 and 2008.

The detection of chromosome abnormalities by conventional cytogenetics, now combined with analyses using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), is an important component in assessing the risk stratification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Chromosome abnormalities were observed in 82.9% of L1/L2 ALL patients and in 83.3% of L3 patients with successful analysis at diagnosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Continuous-level measurements were used to determine the optimal L1 for each L2 in individual subjects (N= 20) at f2 = 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz by using a Lissajous path that covered a wide range of stimulus levels.

The optimal L1 (defined as the L1 that resulted in the largest DPOAE for each L2) varied across subjects and across frequency.

The optimal difference between L1 and L2 decreased with increasing L2 at all frequencies, and increased with frequency when L2 was low.

When the optimal L1 was determined individually for each ear, the DPOAE levels were larger and less variable than those obtained using the equation for L1 suggested by Kummer et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am.

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This suggested that word production in L2 is less automatic and needs to recruit more neural resources for lexical retrieval, articulatory processing and cognitive control than in L1.

In contrast, picture naming in L1 relative to picture naming in L2 revealed increased activity in the right putamen and right globus pallidus probably due to different phonological features between Chinese and English.

In addition, the conjunction analysis, for the first time, revealed the common neural correlates underlying picture naming in L1 and L2.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Also, we found that Fyn(Tyr530), Raf1, MAP kinases and Akt kinase phosphorylation in adult animals is not affected by NCAM deficiency but interestingly, we found an over-expression of another cell adhesion molecule L1.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Calprotectin (Cal) concentration is elevated in acute inflammatory reactions and its increase in the plasma suggests a diagnostic potential for Cal assay.

This study aimed (a) to evaluate the Cal plasma levels in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis (AP) and (b) to assess whether early assay of Cal plasma levels can be helpful in assessment of the severity of AP.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

To test the hypothesis that native language (L1) phonology can affect the lexical representations of nonnative words, a visual semantic-relatedness decision task in English was given to native speakers and nonnative speakers whose L1 was Japanese or Arabic.

In the critical conditions, the word pair contained a homophone or near-homophone of a semantically associated word, where a near-homophone was defined as a phonological neighbor involving a contrast absent in the speaker's L1 (e.g., ROCK-LOCK for native speakers of Japanese).

The results show that, even when auditory perception is not involved, recognition of nonnative words and, by implication, their lexical representations are affected by the L1 phonology.

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

One approach to address this issue is to compare the processes of second language (L2) learning after childhood and those of first language (L1) learning during childhood.

To study the cortical process of postchildhood L2 learning, we compared event-related brain potentials recorded from two groups of adult Japanese speakers who attained either high or intermediate proficiency in English after childhood (J-High and J-Low), and adult native English speakers (ENG).

Because early maturation and stability of semantic processing as opposed to syntactic processing are also a feature of L1 processing, postchildhood L2 learning may be governed by the same brain properties as those which govern childhood L1 learning.