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How is prostate cancer treated?

This information represents the views of the doctors and nurses serving on the American Cancer Society's Cancer Information Database Editorial Board. These views are based on their interpretation of studies published in medical journals, as well as their own professional experience.

The treatment information in this document is not official policy of the Society and is not intended as medical advice to replace the expertise and judgment of your cancer care team. It is intended to help you and your family make informed decisions, together with your doctor.

Your doctor may have reasons for suggesting a treatment plan different from these general treatment options. Don't hesitate to ask him or her questions about your treatment options.

Some general comments about prostate cancer treatment

Once your prostate cancer has been diagnosed and staged, you have a lot to think about before you and your doctor choose a treatment plan. You might feel that you must make a decision quickly, but it’s important to give yourself time to absorb and process the information you have learned. Ask questions of your cancer care team. See the section “What should you ask your doctor about prostate cancer?” for a list of some questions to ask.

Depending on the situation, the treatment options for men with prostate cancer might include:

These treatments are generally used one at a time, although in some cases they may be combined.

The treatment you choose for prostate cancer should take into account:

Your age and expected life span

Any other serious health conditions you have

The stage and grade of your cancer

Your feelings (and your doctor’s opinion) about the need to treat the cancer right away

The likelihood that each type of treatment will cure your cancer (or help in some other way)

Your feelings about the possible side effects from each treatment

Many men find it helpful to get a second opinion about the best treatment options based on their situation, especially if they have several choices. Prostate cancer is a complex disease, and doctors can differ in their opinions regarding the best treatment options. Speaking with doctors who specialize in different kinds of treatment may help you sort through your options.

The main types of doctors who treat prostate cancer include:

Urologists: surgeons who treat diseases of the urinary system and male reproductive system (including the prostate)

Medical oncologists: doctors who treat cancer with medicines such as chemotherapy or hormone therapy

Your primary care doctor can also be a helpful source of information as you sort through your treatment options. It’s important to discuss all of your treatment options, including goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs.

Many other specialists might be part of your treatment team as well, including physician assistants (PAs), nurse practitioners (NPs), nurses, nutrition specialists, social workers, and other health professionals. If you’d like to know more about who may be on your cancer care team, see our document Health Professionals Associated With Cancer Care.

The next few sections describe the types of treatments used for prostate cancer. This is followed by discussion of other treatment-related topics, including: