Notes to Authors

LRRD is fully OPEN ACCESS, with no publication charges, on the principle that research findings related to sustainability of farming systems should be freely available in the public domain. Papers may be copied and reprinted freely.

The LRRD Vision

The
future requirements of society for food and energy can best be met from
integrated small to medium family farm systems in which:

·most resources
are produced locally,

· the direct and
indirect use of solar energy is maximized,

·all wastes are
recycled;

·the carbon
footprint is negative;

·there are
overall environmental and social benefits.

The LRRD mission

To
promote local research on the:

(i)use of local
resources for live stock production in ways that are non-competitive with human
needs;

(ii)development of
systems for producing renewable energy by:

a.biodigestion of
animal and human organic wastes;

b.gasification of
dry fibrous residues from crops grown primarily as food/feed for humans and live
stock;

c.increasing use
of draft animal power

(iii)promotion of
indigenous live stock breeds that have high reproductive rates and adaptation to
use of local feed resources and local climatic conditions;

(iv)regeneration of
soil fertility through promotion of tree crops and recycling of organic matter

(v)development of
emerging markets for ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration
and nutrient sequestration.

Guide to Authors

Papers should be sent by E-mail to the Senior
Editorpreston@lrrd.org.If acknowledgement is not received within two weeks then
authors should send a reminder to the Senior Editor with copy to
reg.preston@gmail.com.

The papers can be written with the aid of any of the
principal word processing software programs and should be sent by e-mail as an
attachment and with "LRRD" in the subject line. Email messages with
attachments and unknown subject lines are not opened in view of virus risks.

The principle tools for publishing the journal are now:
Open Office, Kingsoft Office and Microsoft
Office. These are the preferred formats for receiving papers and short
communications.

Authors should examine carefully theNotes to
Authorsthat appeared in the last issue of LRRD and strictlyfollow alltheinstructions.

Lack of respect of these instructions may lead to the
rejection of the paper

Key words

Do not repeat the words already in the title of the paper.
Search engines such as Google automatically search the title. Key words should
draw attention to features of the paper not addressed in the title.
.

Body of Text

- For Page Set up Use: Paper size A4
and Margins 2.5 cm - Use the font "Times New Roman" 12 pt.
- Do not use full word capitals for titles nor for names of authors.
- Include your e-mail address below your postal address in the Title
- Indicate the Keywords after the Abstract in alphabetical order
- Separate the Titles and associate-titles from the previous and next lines by
an empty line, using the ‘return’ or ‘enter’ key
- Do not use numbers such 1.; 1.1.; 1.1.1.; to mark the Titles and Sub-titles.
- Separate each paragraph by an empty line, using the ‘return’ or ‘enter’ key
- Make sure the paragraphs are aligned to the left not “justified”
- Do not use an indent in the beginning of each paragraph

In text and tables:

Ensure that numbers contain only
three digits after or before “000... ”Eg: 234.214 becomes 234
1.2367 becomes 1.24
0.00032176 becomes 0.000322
0.01 should be 0.00712
for R2 only two digits after or before “00... ”eg: R2 = 0.677 becomes R2 =
0.68

Graphics:

Where possible, please always supply in Excel or Open Office Calc the original spreadsheets including graphs
and data which were used to produce graphics in the papers, since this
allows us to produce a uniform look and maintain the quality of the finished
journal. Within the graphics Font should be: Arial – Regular – 10 pt.

Tables:

Please format them using the Table menu, and not
Tabs and Spaces
- when using the tabular format please allot a new
cell to each piece of data.
- include the title of the table as well as the notes at the bottom of table
inside the Table itself not in the body of the text.
- when comparing treatments do not give SE of each mean. SEM of means is
more appropriate with the exact probability as given by the statistics program.

# kg dry biomass/kwh;
## Assumes 15 MJ/kg biomass DM and 3.6 MJ/kwh of electricityabc Means in the same
row without common letter are different at P<0.05

References:

In the text, do not put a ‘coma’
between the name and the date. Do not put a ‘dot’ after ‘et al’. “et al” should be in regular font, not in italics.

Example: (Gueye
et al1998)

They should be set up with minimum punctuation but maximum
detail of the actual citation. Abbreviations, in particular of journal titles
should not be used. In the list of references, citations should include the
appropriate "URL" for the article, when this URL is freely accessible. For
example:

Check that this
URL is complete (it means that it leads directly to the article, not to
the Journal Home Page), correct and functioning by clicking on it: it
should lead you to the Web site.!

PLEASE:

- Use the Spell-Check tool in order to correct any
spelling mistake, and

- Ensure that references in the text are in the
reference list and vice versa.

An easy way to check this latter point is to print the
reference list and then from the beginning of the text to use the "FIND" command
and type "19" and then "20". This will locate all the
references assuming you have cited correctly the source including the date.

The reviewers appreciate the
pressure put on academics to publish in order to maintain their positions. This
very pressure should, however, encourage authors to be more rigorous in their
presentation. If they evince a lack of interest in accuracy they should not
expect that increasingly frustrated referees, giving freely of their time and
experience, should contain their frustrations and make the paper accurate for
them.

Proof reading of papers:

Each paper as it is edited is being made available as a
provisional "url" which is communicated to authors
when the final version of their paper is ready in html format. Authors can then
check the paper for possible errors or last minute corrections and inform the
editors accordingly. Queries on the proofs made by the editors are indicated in
"red" (suggested rejection) or "blue" (suggested additions or changes).

Authors sending corrections to the proofs should send
an email to the Chief Editor in the following format:

data / text to be replaced should
be written in "red" font

new data / text should be written
in "blue" font

Do not send a copy of the whole paper as this would require the editors repeating the whole process
of conversion to HTML format, which can be quite time-consuming.