Organic agriculture

Food availability, access, stability and utilization are all part of the multi-dimensional nature of food security. The “availability” aspect, discussed here, refers to the availability of sufficient quantities of food of appropriate quality, supplied through domestic production or inputs.
Productivity is usually considered the ultimate benchmark when comparing the performance of agricultural systems. For example, those involved in agricultural research and development want to know how much yield would be reduced if conventional agriculture were converted to organic agriculture.

The systematic review search process identified 162 relevant articles published, with an
English abstract, in peer-reviewed journals since 1st
January 1958 until 29th
February
2008. A total of 3558 comparisons of content of nutrients and other substances in
organically and conventionally produced foodstuffs were extracted for analysis.

The paper is focusing on the following topics: - Assessment of natural conditions in Diem Dien Town, such as: location, relief, land, water and marine resources. - Research, assess human and economic resources such as population, labor skills, infrastructure, political mechanism and consumption market. - Analysis, assess efficiency of current producing situation and organizing agriculture, fisheries for economic structural transition oriented industrialization and goods commodity. - Set up spatial models of agro - fisheries and processing industry with its natural, social...

Organic farming is a modern way of agriculture management, not using any chemical
treatments which have negative effects on the environment, human health or animal health.
It produces organic foodstuffs, and at the same time enhances the living conditions of
animals. It contributes to environmental protection and helps biodiversity to increase.
Organic farming does not mean going ‘back’ to traditional (old) methods of farming. Many
of the farming methods used in the past are still useful today.

During the past two centuries, scientists, farmers, and agricultural educators have tended to alternate
their views of soil organic matter (SOM) between the extremes of great appreciation and low
esteem. As an early 20th century bulletin explained, organic matter was “once extolled as the
essential soil ingredient, the bright particular star in the firmament of the plant grower…” before
it “…fell like Lucifer…” as a result of the findings of 19th century agricultural chemists that most
of the plant structure (C, that is) originated in the atmosphere (Hills et al., 1908)....

The Ramsar Convention defined the wise use of peatlands as “their sustainable
use for the benefit of mankind in a way compatible with the maintenance of the
natural properties of the ecosystem.” Land sustainability relates to definite periods
and land uses.

Despite the tremendous progress that has been achieved in water pollution, almost
40% of the U.S. waters that have been assessed by states do not meet water quality
goals. About 20,000 water bodies are impacted by siltation, nutrients, bacteria, oxygen
depletion substances, metals, habitat alterations, pesticides, and toxic organic
chemicals. With pollution from point sources being dramatically reduced, nonpoint
source pollution is the major cause of most water that does not meet water quality
goals.

Agroecology encompasses not only aspects of ecology and agriculture, but the
ecology of sustainable food production systems, including the technology and
related societal and cultural values (e.g. Gliessman 1998; Altieri and Hecht 1990;
Altieri 1989, 1987, 1983) to better promote healthy and functional environments for
a sustainable quality of life (see also Castillo et al. 2005). To provide effective com
munication regarding the status and advances in this burgeoning field, connections
must be established with many disciplines including (but not limited to)...

The essential oil industry is under threat from numerous issues at present. Rising
agricultural input costs, particularly petrochemical based fertilizers and fuels are squeezing
farmers’ profit margins. Rising food prices and the increasing value of housing and industrial
land prices is creating competition for land, particularly around populated areas. Adverse
weather conditions and changing climate are creating both short and long term problems.
Poor crop yields are occurring much more regularly than before because of unusually heavy
rain, hail, floods, heat-waves and cold snaps....

It will be recollected that, in addition to its mineral portions, the soil contains organic matter in varied quantities. It may be fertile with but one and a half per cent. of organic matter, and some peaty soils contain more than fifty per cent. or more than one half of the whole. The precise amount necessary cannot be fixed at any particular sum; perhaps five parts in a hundred would be as good a quantity as could be recommended. The soil obtains its organic matter in two ways. First, by the decay of roots and dead plants, also of...

The same amount of water has been present on our planet for about 4 billion years, since shortly after the Earth was formed. Since then it has cycled through evaporation, condensation, precipitation and surface runoff multiple times. Water scarcity as an abiotic factor ranging from moderate to severe stress levels, accompanied by loss of moisture in the soil, is extremely hard for most organisms to cope with, particularly terrestrial plants and their food-chain dependents.

Agriculture is also a significant source of economic growth. In developing countries,
agriculture generates on average 29 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and
employs 65 percent of the labour force. About two thirds of the world’s agricultural value
added is produced in developing countries. At the same time, agriculture also plays an
important role in transforming and urbanized economies, where industries and services
linked to agriculture account for more than 30 percent of GDP (ibid.).

This report presents the information capacity of Vietnam or organizations who perform CARD 002/05 VIE project. In the best effort of the authors have tried to show the results of short and full rated capacity of the stakeholders of the project even though the information collected. The parties are evaluated in this report consists of 3 groups namely: i) the individual or organization at the national level, ii) the individual or organization at the provincial level, and iii) the individual or organization at the local level....

The history, culture and community values of East Africans are embedded in agriculture. It is the most
important source of livelihoods for millions of East Africans. The sustainable management of the
agriculture production process is therefore crucial if livelihoods are to be sustained.
Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system, which promotes and enhances agro-
ecosystem health, including bio-diversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity.

The market for organic food has increased considerably over the last decade due to consumer’s
increasing awareness of both health and environmental issues (Soler et al., 2008). This growth
in demand is expected to continue in the coming years, even though the situation differs from
one country to another in term of type and quantities of production (Vindigni et al., 2002).
The future of organic will, to a large extent, depend on consumer demand.

CARD 033/VIE project seeks to review current experience and performance of some
parts of tropical species in Vietnam, especially the Caribbean Pine, and to establish further testing
improved genetic material, including hybrids.
The project will also provide capacity building for forest research organizations related to Pinus
trees to improve the system and mass communication through training in Queensland and Vietnam,
protection and development of small-scale infrastructure, incubators, and a study tour to Australia,
related to forest management and researchers...

CARD 033/VIE project seeks to review current experience and performance of some
parts of tropical species in Vietnam, especially the Caribbean Pine, and to establish further testing
improved genetic material, including hybrids.
The project will also provide capacity building for forest research organizations related to Pinus
trees to improve the system and mass communication through training in Queensland and Vietnam,
protection and development of small-scale infrastructure, incubators, and a study tour to Australia,
related to forest management and researchers....

The number of organic manures is almost countless. The most common of these have been described in the previous chapters on the excrements of animals. The more prominent of the remaining ones will now be considered. As a universal rule, it may be stated that all organic matter (every thing which has had vegetable or animal life) is capable of fertilizing plants.
DEAD ANIMALS.