Slide 11:

Slide 12:

Digestion in Small Intestine
The acidic contents are neutralized by NaHCo3
present in PancreaticJuice.
Pancreatic amylase acts on starch and cleaves  1,4
glycoside bonds and the resultant products are
Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides.
Oligosaccharidases, Disaccharidases, Sucrase & Lactase
finally digest and the products to monosaccharides.

Slide 13:

Absorption of monosaccharides
The end products of Carbohydrate digestion are
glucose
fructose
galactose
Absorption of carbohydrates mostly takes place in Duodenum and upper jejunum.

MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION :

MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION Glucose is transported into the intestinal mucosal cells by carrier mediated and energy requiring process.
Phlorizin blocks the sodium dependent transport of glucose.

Abnormalities of carbohydrate digestion. :

Abnormalities of carbohydrate digestion. Lactose intolerance - lactase deficiency
lactose accumulates in the gut,it is acted upon by bacteria to produce organic acids, and these acids take up water from intestinal cells by osmotic effect and produce diarrhea.
Benedicts test is +ve for stool samples.
Treatment: restriction of milk and milk products.

Slide 17:

Proteins are not digested in Mouth
Digestion in Stomach
Hcl
Gastric Juice
Proenzyme pepsinogen
HCL has 2 functions
It denatures Protein
It kill microorganisms
Pepsin: It is produced in inactive form pepsinogen
It is converted to pepsin by Hcl &
Pepsin molecules ( Auto catalysis)
Pepsin is acid stable – active at very low pH i.e., 2.0

Rennin ( Chymosin) :

Rennin ( Chymosin) It is found in the stomach of Infants & children
It converts casein Calcium Paracaseinate
It is involved in curdling of milk
Rennin is absent in adults.

Pancreatic Digestion of Proteins :

Pancreatic Digestion of Proteins NaHCo3
Pancreatic Juice Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Elastase
Endopeptidases
Secretion of Pancreatic is stimulated by Cholecystokinin and Pancreozymin
All the Pancreatic enzymes are active at neutral pH.
All these enzymes are secreted as inactive forms, these are converted to active form by ‘Enteropeptidase’ (Enterokinase)