______ are practices that rapidly gain popularity, gain pervasive use, and then rapidly decline in use (but do not entirely disappear) due to disconfirming research, or more often by the emergence of a new practices.

fads

Reasons that fads develop include (4):

do not correct every problem or affect a cure

are time consuimg

are costly

require professional expertise

Reasons why fads are believed (7)

support by trusted authorities

testimonials

A priori belief

stressed parents based on emotions

the desire for a "magic bullet"

attractive or reltable spokesperson

loyalty to persons or beliefs

________ is neither easy to conduct nor quick with absolute facts. ________ does not always deliver the answers that are sought. __________ does save time and energy by moving us away from wishful thinking and focusing in real sitations

science

_________ ___________ used on intellectually disabled populations also havethe characteristic of having been disconfirmed by scientific research, having no research supporting it, or having supprting research with little scientfic rigor.

________ __________ suggests taht nurtitional deficiencies are involved in autism and large doses of vitamins can correct neurological and immune impairment leading to improvement in behavior

______ ___________ and casein free diets are based on the theory chidlren with autism have food allergies and removing them from the child's diet produces decreases in inappropriate behavior and increases in speech.

gluten free

________ __________ is based on the theory that the autistic child is poisoned is by some heavy metal (lead or mercury) which impairs their functioning. More recently, the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was believed to cause mercury proven, but was disproven.

chelation therapy

_________ __________ works by swallowing a mixture that bonds to the lead or mercury which then is flushed from the body.

_________ ____________ is a form of assisted typing or spelling that corrects an individuals inability to expressively communicate. The theory behind it is that cognitive functioning is normal and only the ability to communicate is impaired.

facilitates communication

_________ _______ was debunked by numerous scientific investigations when large numbers of unsubstainsiated abuse claims were made.

facilitated communication

_________ _________ is based on the thoery that autistic children cannot realte to others in a reciporical fashion. Seeks to move the children through developmental milestones by using child-directed play sessions to increase the social interactions and communication, sensory and motor skills, and train parents and therapists.