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The Cresset, a journal of commentary on literature, the arts, and public affairs, explores ideas and trends in contemporary culture from a perspective grounded in the Lutheran tradition of scholarship, freedom, and faith while informed by the wisdom of the broader Christian community.

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Hugh Howey’s Woolis an imaginative, post-apocalyptic story about an
underground, futuristic society whose citizens reside in an upside down,
multi-level silo burrowed deep in the ground. No one knows exactly when or why
the silo was built, but they do know that it protects them from the surface of
the earth, which is inhospitable to humans, to put it mildly. Outside the silo
there were “dull slopes of these gray hills rising up toward grayer clouds,
dappled sunlight straining to illuminate the land with little success. Across
it all were the terrible winds, the frenzied gusts that whipped small clouds of
soil into curls and whorls that cased one another across a landscape meant only
for them” (125).

The
citizens’ only view of the outside world is projected by outdoor cameras onto a
screen in the silo’s top-level dining hall. “Cleaning” the camera lens that captures
that view is a death sentence, a punishment reserved only for the worst
criminals. As the book opens, it has been a year since one of these lens
cleaners, Allison, scrubbed wool against the scummy camera lens. The ground
below her was dusty, and the sky above was gray and threatening. Safe and
underground, the people watched as their view of the outside world became
clearer. Once she had finished, Allison walked away from the lens, toward the
distant forms along the
horizon. Just as she made it to the crest of the hill she collapsed.

But
Allison was not a criminal; she had chosen to go outside of her own accord,
even knowing that all “cleaners” die. Why did she want out? Why would anyone
want out? Given the toxicity of the outside world, the silo seems like a pretty
decent place to live. Or is it? This is the first of many mysteries that
unravel in Wool, the first book in Howey’s
fast-paced science fiction trilogy.

Wool was first released in July 2011 as
a sixty page e-book. Howey, an unknown author at the time, self-published Wool through Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing and priced
it at 99 cents. In the Q&A section of his book, Howey encourages readers to
write reviews: “I read every single review on Amazon, I promise. This is how
the books are discovered, so if you want other readers to find the books you’re
enjoying, take a few moments and craft a review.”

Through
a new approach to book marketing, rave reader reviews, and perhaps a bit of
luck, Wool rose to the top of the US bestseller
list, and Howey, who interacted and still interacts regularly with his fans,
began working on four additional novellas that were also published in serial
form and later as a set, the Wool Omnibus (January
2012). Two more books, Shift (January 2013) and Dust (August 2013), completed the Silo
Trilogy.

Wool explores the complex social order
that has developed in the silo. Each of its 144 floors holds a different yet
integral component of society: there are floors for lodging, farming and
aquaponics, medical offices, IT, and more. On the bottom floor is the aging
generator and the mechanics who work tirelessly (and thanklessly) to maintain
it. The silo is governed by an elected mayor and sheriff who reside on the top
floor. In order to maintain a community enclosed in such a tight space, there
must be rules, and there are many rules in the silo: you have to win the
“lottery” to have children, you must shadow and take on a practical profession,
you only receive a limited ration of food, etc. But the one rule you must never
break is that you must never say you want to go outside the silo. Even
whispering or joking about your desire to go outside is considered treason,
punishable by cleaning. The silo people don’t talk about the outside. Ever.

Desperate
times call for desperate measures, but the measures used to control the silo’s
population are severe—even cruel—and they come with no explanation other than
that the air outside is deadly. This is just one of the many ways Howey raises
the tension between the need for order and control in order to survive and the
desire for freedom in order to live. “This is the
story of mankind clawing for survival, of mankind on the edge,” Howey explains
on his website. “The world outside has grown unkind, the view of it limited,
talk of it forbidden. But there are always those who hope, who dream. These are
the dangerous people, the residents who infect others with their optimism.
Their punishment is simple. They are given the very thing they profess to want:
They are allowed outside.”

Howey’s
characters, whose thoughts are conveyed through third-person narration, are
likeable, intelligent, and, for the most part, believable. Although readers
never actually meet Allison (she doesn’t narrate a chapter), we do meet her
husband Holston, who works as silo sheriff. Holston is hardworking, loyal, and
deeply affected by the loss of his wife. He spends countless hours working to
uncover the mystery of his wife’s death until he resigns.

His
successor, Juliette, takes over as the protagonist of the story. A mechanic
with a strong will and sharp wit, Juliette has a tremendous work ethic and a
similarly sound sense of ethics. Though she is small, she is not afraid to
search for the truth or speak her mind, even when doing so gets her into
trouble. And the thing about the silo is that there are a lot of un-truths
buried there, just waiting to be uncovered.

Like
many other characters in the book, Juliette is not without her flaws. Yet her
passion for fixing things—and pursuing justice—makes her so incredibly likeable
and successful. Howey’s writing allows readers to take a journey with Juliette
and walk in her shoes. And Juliette’s journey, as you might have imagined, gets
very interesting as the book continues.

Perhaps
the most compelling thing about the strange society Howey builds in Wool is how plausible so much of it seems. Do we, as a
human society, care that we are poisoning the earth with cars, fertilizer
runoff, and our own waste? With no concerted effort being made to avoid the
environmental damage that many argue is irreversible, it is chilling to think
that our actions today could bring about a future similar to what Howey
imagines.

Even
more unsettling is that the forms of social stratification and control in the
silo, evidenced by divisions among floors, also reflect developments in our own
society. How much power must we give our government so that it will be able to
protect us from a frightening world? How much information should we let our
leaders keep from us?

In
the silo, several years’ worth of public historical records were said to have
been “wiped out” by the rebels during the previous uprising, but Allison, and
later Juliette, discover that the records weren’t lost but purposely hidden. In
fact, there have been multiple uprisings. Teachers read from books depicting
days of lush green grass, cloudless blue skies and animals, but silo children
and adults alike are led to believe these stories are simply fiction.

Howey’s
Wool delivers an incredible world, sympathetic
characters, and great suspense, but it also offers a cautionary message: There
is a fine line between protection for the good of citizens and protection for
the good of those in power. When the balance tips too far to one side, there
will be conflict. In the case of Wool, uprisings begin
when individuals finally get fed up with the lies, and they end with
devastating destruction.

Wool reminds that the earth will
change; in fact, it is changing now. Can we counterbalance the poison we are
creating in our environment? Can we overcome the very acts that poison society
and threaten our liberty?

Erin Strybis is a Marketing Manager at the Evangelical Lutheran Church
in America. She lives and works in Chicago.