Please note: although it is our pleasure to be able to make available
to the public the following sermon, which is of great historical value
and edifying doctrinal content; expressing very clearly the wide acceptance
of and great value placed upon the Solemn League and Covenant by Protestants
in England as well as Scotland, at the time of the Covenanted Reformation;
it is not our purpose hereby to give our approbation either to John Saltmarsh,
or the Antinomian doctrines (contrary to Protestantism, the Covenanted
Reformation, and the Bible,) which he later preached and published freely
during Oliver Cromwell's Wicked Reign and Sinful Toleration: which things
we rather condemn.

The Printer to the Reader.

Courteous Reader, The Effigies of this Emblem
should have been cut, but that time could not permit.

An Angell reaching forth an hand out of a cloud, holding
a chaine, which is let downe to three women, each one having her arme linkt
in it, over each a Title Anglia, Scotia, Hibernia, with Harpes in
their hands, at the distance of a stream betwixt another woman with the
title of Roma in a sad posture, her Tripple Crowne seeming to decline
with her face towards the three; with this Inscription, Revel. 17.1. And
there came one of the seven Angels which had the seven vials and talked
with me, saying unto me, Come hither, and I will shew unto thee the judgment
of the great Whore that sitteth upon the waters.

To theWorthy Covenanter,

I Could have given more, and more easy and common observations;
but these times call for discourses that work higher, and more quaintly;
I say not this to force any reputation upon these notions.

This Covenant is the most glorious rise of a Reformation
in any age; mighty and powerful are the principles of it: and though this
season of our solemnity be cloudy & our evening bloody, yet it is our
Saviour's interpretation,

When it is evening, you say it will be fair weather,
for the sky is red.

Covenant.Holy ObligatoryPrinciples.

In Prĉamb. Having before our eyes the
glory of God,

In Prĉamb. And each one of us for himself with
our hands lifted up to the most high God.

Article 6. And this Covenant we do make in the presence
of Almighty God, the searcher of all hearts.

As we shall answer at that great day, when the secrets
of all hearts shall be disclosed.

The Discourse.The Power and Excellencyof this Covenant.

A Covenant is the last resort of the godly and wise Christian;
and with this, he draws himself nearer Heaven, and closer to that glorious
Essence, and the immediate flowings and emanation of an Almighty power:
A Covenant is such an Obligation, as lays an engagement upon the soul;
and as in tossings and storms at sea, the Mariners find out no safer course
than by casting out Coards and Anchors, to hold them at some Period; so
in civil waves and spiritual fluctuations, there cannot be a more secure
experiment, than this of Covenanting, which is like the casting out our
Coard and Anchors as they did in Paul's storm, Undergirding the
Ship, and casting out four Anchors. Covenants, they are Divine Engines,
which the godly have found out to wind up their souls from irregular wanderings
and strayings, into heavenly heights and stations, the only remedy, and
preventative against Relapses, and Apostasies; and those virtues &
operations the Saints have ever found in Covenants: for such resolutions
of soul are but the finer cordage, which the Spirit spins out and twists
from the substance of its own essence; and now God and his Angels have
something to hold our souls by, even the operations and effluxes of our
own spirits: and though God need none of those, but is able to keep us
up by the immediate and in-distant workings of his holy Spirit, yet he
is a God that is pleased to take us at our own rebound, and to admit us
into that holy consociation, We as workers together with him.

He that covenants with God, by that very act doth carry
up himself unto God's throne, and cites his soul to his Tribunal, and then
the majesty of God looks on him with a fuller gleam; & so long as that
glorious interview continues, or any sparkling or raying of it, man is
awed from sinning, and stands trembling like the people of Israel, while
God appeared upon the Mount.

And thus Divine Covenants, as they exalt and situate a
soul in more glory than before, even in the glorious face of God, so they
are the spiritual stays, and supports, and strengthenings of a soul.

God himself first drew forth his own essence into this
course of Covenants to Abraham and Moses, and Joshua,
and his people, and from that Covenant he went higher, to one of grace,
besides the particular obligations of his, to Noah & other Saints,
not as if he received any consolidation or confortation by it, or any such
act of covenanting that he had not before; not as if he begun to re-act
upon himself in any new operation (far be it from his immutable essence)
he was as firm and unchangeable in the eternal immanency of his own, before
ever he passed himself abroad into any such act of paction: and therefore
he could not shew himself to man in the likeness of any other notion, than,
I am.

Only he was pleased to light us by a beam of his own nature,
into this duty of holy confederation, & to shew us a new way of spiritual
advancement and establishment: how sacred then? and how inviolable ought
these to be? which are made with a most high God; when even pactions
and promises and Covenants in friendships and lower confederations, are
reputed holy.

*******************

Thus far of the power of the Covenant upon the soul
in that grand and heavenly engagement; now there is a power reflexive,
and that is a return it makes from Heaven, and in that return it brings
with it something of God; for the soul going up thither by a spiritual
might and holy violence, brings away from thence graces and blessings,
and the resort of many temporal mercies, as when Moses
had been looking God in the face, he brought a divine lustre upon his
own, home with him.

We see Nehemiah's Covenant had excellent concomitances,
the dedication was kept with gladness, and singing and Psalteries, and
the people offered themselves willingly, and the business at Jerusalem,
and all the affairs of God's house went better on in all the particulars.
Nehem. 11.3; 12.27.

The Covenant of Judah drew along with it the
like blessings; the Lord was found of them and gave them rest; and one
more superlative blessing not inconsistent with our calamity, Maachah
was removed from being Queen, because she had made an Idol in a grove,
2 Chron. 5.25,26.

And for this Covenantof ours I am bold to say,
it hath been in heaven already; it came not only from thence in its first
inspiration, but it hath had a return back, and by the power of that reflexive
act, it hath brought down with it cheerful concurrencies & contributions
in both kingdoms, and there are divine stirrings, and movings, and aspirations
in the people of late: and as in the Pool of Bethesda the stirrings
and troubles in the waters were the only sign of the Angels coming down:
So these waters in both kingdoms, which in the holy Spirit's language
are people, do stir and move more of late, not only in their highest
and supreme representative, but in their own places, which is an indication
of some Divine virtue, descended and co-operating.

Covenant.The Reformation Principles.

In Prĉamb. 1. To endeavour the advancement
of the kingdom of Jesus Christ.

Artic. 1. The Reformation of Religion in Doctrine,
Worship, and Discipline, according to the word of God and the example of
the best Churches.

Artic. 6. The unfeigned desire to be humbled for our
sins, and the sins of these kingdoms.

Discourse.

THESE are such maxims as will make
a kingdom holy and happy; for holiness is the foundation and basis to all
other blessings, and hath a perpetuating quality, and it is such a condition
as God takes in at the felicitating of a person or people: Seek
first the kingdom of God, and all things shall be added unto you.

The advancement of God's kingdom, was always the advancement
of the kingdom of Israel; and the glory of the one declined and set in
the declination of the other: for the Ark and the glory departed together,
and both expired at once in a doleful Ichabod.

The advancement of Christ's Kingdom hath been the design
of God from all eternity, and it is the design of the godly too: God
revealeth his secrets to his servants, and we have the mind of Christ.
Now knowing so much of the counsels, and designs, and secrets, and mind
of God, we are carried on by the same Spirit to be aiding to that design:
now though the kingdom of Christ be such a name as imports glory and dominion,
yet it is not a glory of this world, but a spiritual glory seated in bare
and simple administrations; such as are foolishness to the Greek, and
to the Jews a Rock of offence: and this kingdom of Christ like other
Monarchies, hath its rise and growth, its ages & improvements, according
to the prophetical latitude, being at no fullness nor perfection till the
rest of the Monarchies be consumed before it: this is that small excrescency
advancing out of the Mountain, and by a power insensible exalting
itself through all oppositions, working through Atheisms, Paganisms, Idolatries,
Superstitions, Persecutions, and all the carnal machinations, into a lustre
glorious, in the judgment of those only who can spiritually discern:
the advancement of this kingdom is only attainable by a Reformation to
the word of God; & here we shall take occasion to part with all the
Models and Ideas which are not to be found in holy Scriptures; it is marked
there as a grand transgression to walk after the imagination of our
own hearts: and that was laid to Jeroboam's charge, That his
Priests, and Sabbaths, and worship, were such as he devised in his own
heart: God will endure no such rivallity nor conjunctures with himself:
it is an incompleting the work of God to build his house with our own timber:
and as he made this world at first only after the pattern of his own counsels,
so in this second work of the setting up a spiritual structure for his
glory: God thinks none worthy of coordination, in those things wherein
his glory shall be sure to suffer in a distribution with his creatures,
and his own Image hath ever pleased him best, & therefore he
made the best piece of his creation according to it.

And where this kingdom of Christ is, there is holiness
of Doctrine, holiness of Government, holiness of Ordinances, holiness of
Life; GOD hath had a people at first whom he made
his own, by special adoption, by eminent privileges, by rare providences,
by laws and institutions, by worship and administrations.

And now because darkness in part is happened to Israel,
God will still have a people that shall be his, and have their laws and
usages and forms from him; their guidance & providences from him.

This kingdom of Christ is a company of godly gathered
by his own Spirit, having their Lord and Saviour in the midst, confederated
by an holy and sacramental paction, ruled by the law of his will and Spirit;
obeying his commands, whither in silent inspirations or louder exhortations,
either by a word behind us, and a saying, Seek ye my face;
or by outward intimations and interpretations of his will, from such ways
of distribution & administration as he hath ordained; studying what
will adorn the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and those that walk in the light
and glory of it, Being transformed from glory to glory, as by the Spirit
of the Lord.

Now these principles, viz. The advancement of Christ's
kingdom, and humiliation for sins, are such as will bring God into
this kingdom, and seat him and determine his presence, as the Tabernacle
and Ark & Temple were the engagements and enthronizations of, &
mysterious fixations of God's divinity.

They are likewise an advancement of the nation too, setting
it higher than other nations, that was the preferment of the Jews, That
to them the Oracles of God were committed. Therefore they were said
to dwell in the light, when other nations sat in the Region and shadow
of death.

And that principle of reformation according to the Word
of God and the best reformed Churches, brings us closer to God, and consociates
us with heaven, and makes us arrive at the highest mystery, even the denial
of ourselves, our own inventions, will-worship, and superstitions;
pulling down at once all our relations to Rome and Popery, and working
to the pattern, so That things which shall be seen shall not be made
of things which do appear: we shall likewise be associated to the Church
of Christ, and so incorporated more clearly and purely and mystically,
into the body of Christ, we shall be now in a capacity with them to partake
equally of graces and privileges: and thus the kingdom of Christ gathers
power and latitude, and stretches to the breadth of that Prophesy, of
the fullness of the Gentiles, and gathers strength too against the
present antichristian Monarchy; & by that other principle of humiliation,
we obtain the qualifications and condition for mercy and peace, we approach
into terms of reconciliation with God; if the wicked forsake his way
and the unrighteous man his thoughts, God will forgive and abundantly pardon.
What is it that thickens the cloud over us, but the evaporation and exhalation
of our sins and iniquities, For your iniquities have turned away these
things, & your sins have withheld good things from you.

Covenant.The Princip. of Extirpation.

In Preamb. Calling to mind the treacherous
and bloody plots, conspiracies, attempts, and practices of the enemies
of God.

Artic. 2. That we shall in like manner endeavour without
respect of persons the extirpation of Popery and Prelacy.

Discourse.

HERE lies the prophetical power of
it against the Church of Rome, or Antichristian Monarchy, and the
bloody plots and conspiracies are such fresh remembrances, as seal us to
strong and perpetual endeavours; we can read in the leafs of our former
ages their conspiracies still in red Letters, and at this day we have a
succession of their bloody Designs, and I conceive the rise we take from
their own foundation in blood, is but in holy parallel to him, into
whose remembrance great Babylon came to give unto her the cup of the wine
of the fierceness of wrath; and to his own peoples' resolution, Happy
shall he be that rewardeth thee as thou hast served us; and the treacheries
and tyrannies of God's enemies have ever drawn along with them this resolution
in God's people; Amalek, and Ashur, and Egypt, are
standing examples of Divine revenge.

And for Extirpation, it is but a retaliation to their
own just cruelty, who would raze out the name of Israel, that it should
be no more in remembrance.

And what hath their endeavour in our kingdom of Ireland
been, but an eradication of our memories.

And our confederations now, cannot but be powerful in
the very notion; National Leagues have brought forth great effects in States
and Kingdoms, in the mutual aiding and assistings; and therefore Israel
sent to Syria, and Judah to Assyria, and Judah
to Israel, and other Kingdoms have sought to one another for such
combinations, in any grand Enterprise; That famous Design of Christendom,
which was such a universal confederation against the Turk, only it was
a Design in a wrong channel; Therefore the more spiritual that Leagues
are, the more powerful; that which made Israel so famous in their conquests
to Canaan, was the Association of the Tribes, and the Ark of God amongstthem, therefore the Philistines cried out, Woe unto us, the Ark
of God is in the camp of the Hebrews; and when they marched with the
Ark amongst them, Jordan was driven back, and the mountains and
little hills were removed, the walls of Jericho fell; And certainly
this grand and blessed Association of the three Kingdoms, is a glorious
portent to the destruction of Rome itself, carrying amongst them
such an Ark and Gospel; this is the first time that ever the Sun saw such
a Triple Confederation against the Triple Crown, so many
States, so solemnly combined against the Popish Hierarchy; this is the
time the spirit of God hath set up a Standard; this is a fair rise,
and improvement to the prophecy, When the Princes of the earth shall
gather themselves together,and shall agree to make her desolate.

I know there hath been many confederations, but they were
narrower than this, and so, opposings, and strong ones too, and by confederacies
too; yet those were but single to this, when our Princes in their eyes
appeared in their gradual Extirpations, our Henry, and Edward,
and Elizabeth, when in Scotland, they against the French
power and Idolatry, aided by a power from this kingdom; yet these were
not from such strong resolutions, such able Principles, such a sacred Covenant;
they were but ordinary and civil contributions, & weak strivings, and
so had shorter expirations, and relapses, and had little more of Religion,
than brought them into the fields, and enabled them to break down Images:
The Confederations and Covenants in Germany, so many Princes and
States entering into a solemn Protestation upon Luther's discoveries;
The Confederations of those in Holland, and those States in the
Netherlands; The Confederation of those Princes in France;
But these had their ebbings and flowings. But now, as if this were the
Antichristian crisis, and as if the Reformation had recovered the
Period of declination, three kingdoms strike into a sacred League; And
now methinks I hear the Angel saying to us, The Prince of the kingdom
of Persia withstood me one and twenty days, but loe Michael one of your
chief Princes came in to help me, and now I am come to make you understand
what shall befall in the latter days; now methinks the set time to favour
Sion is come, her servants take pleasure in her stones.

And for the Extirpation of Prelacy, though it be a government
riveted into our Laws and usages; and into the judgments, and Consciences
of some, through a mistasten and colluding Divinity, yet let us not like
the Jews, lose our Gospel, with holding our Laws too fast; I know this
kingdom hath ever been a retentive nation of Customs, and old Constitutions,
and it parted but sadly with its old Paganism, and with its latter
Antichristianism, in the esclation of Abbies and Priories; And hence
it is that Reformations in this Nation, hath been with such little power
and duration, for we have ever easily gone back with a new successor, never
taking in so much of the power of godliness, as should be able to make
us live Protestants to another succession; and especially the Superstitions
and Idolatries of late, were woven with such strange and plausible Insinuations;
Episcopacy was got upon the bottom of mis-interpreted Scriptures; and the
whole Government upon a pretended Antiquity; and the Innovations upon a
spiritual Decency and Order; upon an Ecclesiastical Magistrality, and Reverend
Infallibility, and prodigious Policy; as if there were no way to bring
a Papist to Church, but by going with him to Rome first; if we consider
well we shall find cause enough to remove these as not consistent with
the holy simplicity of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; nor the spiritual purity;
we were then trading with Popery, when we ignorantly thought, we had not
enough to serve us from the Scriptures of God, now we see they are perfect,
& complete in Jesus Christ; let us cast away those weak & beggarly
rudiments, of the which we are now ashamed; & they do not savour
the things of God, who would now (like Saul at Endor) raise
up Aaron, and the whole Hierarchy, and bring us back again to the
Law, forcing us under that cool shadow, of Types & Ceremonies,
drawing the curtains of the Law before the light of the Gospel; we serve
now in the newness of the spirit, not in the deadness of the letter.

THE next thing I observe, is the
Political excellency, those sound maxims for the kingdom's duration, as
the preservation of Parliamentary rights, and National rights, and Royal
rights, that they exceed not, nor exorbitate; and this is no more than
to reduce the kingdom into its primitive contemperation, and to keep the
mixture even: for we see that whilst the power of Monarchy would needs
take in such poisoned principles, as the Divines and Privadoes did instill,
carrying up the notion of a King into an higher firmament than its own,
the whole State was in a posture of ruine: for nothing hath more betrayed
kingdoms into destructive alterations than exorbitancy of government; and
States must respect their fundamentals and originals in their present constitution;
for those infuse secret dispositions into all the Orders & subordinations,
and that engagement enables to incline to their own interests; & then
in their inclinations & pursuit thither, tumults and stirs are wakened,
and there is a noise of some new & treasonable endeavour; when it is
but the natural workings of each degree for its own preservation; &
hence have these late aspersions been borne & received, the Princes
and people being carried on by the strength and violence of a late predominancy,
almost out of sight of their true fundamentals, till they have forgot their
interests, & malign those that would bring them back: and for the temper
of our English Monarchy, I will not say more to the praise of the constitution,
(so many having spoken before me) than its own duration, breathing to this
day, under the succession of so many ages, and never distempered, but when
the fiduciary power would needs be severer and taller than the rest,
and entertain designs of trying strengths & interests, to see If
the fire out of the bramble would at length come forth, and consume the
trees of the Forest. And whereas there are some other subordinate principles
in order to these; as the discovery of Incendiaries and Malignants; certainly
they that shall suffer any relations to corrupt them to secrecy, are men
of too narrow affections for the latitude of a kingdom; they are only in
the reputation of Patriots and Fidelio's to their country, who have such
a command of spirit, as they can open and close as the occasion of the
State requires.

And I do further observe, that we are obliged to a mutual
preservation of the peace of the kingdoms, and in special of the Reformation
of the Church in Scotland.

For the first, it is bottomed upon the foundation of our
government, which is a concentration of the three estates in one; and there
is such a sameness almost in the fundamentals of the three, and there is
such a Monarchical oneness which influences into all, that if any alteration
begin in any one of them, it will soon like an infection (where there is
consanguinity of nature) spread and make over to the rest; so that there
is as much policy in suffering our care and faithfulness to enlarge &
acquaint itself with the interest of the other Estates, which are in no
other sense foreign, than only in the distance of place.

And for the particular preservation of the Church of Scotland,
it is as concerning an interest as any of the rest; what godly soul will
repine to take up the care of another Church; he was (we know) a sanguinary
man that replied, Am I my brother's keeper? And we may take notice
there how God calls for an account of every relation at our hands. It was
an holy principle that persuaded the Apostle To take care of all the
Churches: & the more near we approach to such endeavours, the more
near we are to the designs and activity of God & Angels, whose business
and administration is universal; and especially should our care be for
that Church and State, which hath been the conservatory of the Gospel,
and kept alive that holy spark, which we in this kingdom do warm our souls
by at this day; she was that Philadelphia who kept the Word of his patience.

Nor let any complain of restrains in this our Covenant,
as if we multiplied unnecessary oaths, as if like Saul's oath it
had troubled the land, there is no such true Liberty, as in these
holy restraints; nor is it any diminution to our christian Latitude,
that we cannot transgress nor exceed in this or that; it is rather the
sublimation of our Liberty, and a deliverance into the glorious liberty
of the sons of God; and as it is the highest perfection, non posse
peccare, not to be able to transgress; so our estate and condition
in this our Covenant, is a degree to that, for God, Angels, and
Saints, are not less perfect, nor less free, because they cannot
sin, but is a firmation of soul in the height of holiness, for as it is
the highest aggravation of sin, not to be able to do good, so it is the
highest perfection of goodness nor to be able to do ill; so that I know
none that hath a spiritual and discerning soul; that will complain for
want of liberty to transgress; or that he is in heaven before his time:
such chains are but chains of gold, nay, but the bracelets of
the spouse, and as it is the devil's and reprobates' torment and misery
to be held in chains of darkness, so it is the glory of the blessed
Saints and Angels to be held in such chains of light and holiness; and
none but Libertines will complain, that they are walled in, and
that their lusts have not liberty to anger God, and undoe their Country.

I observe another transcendency in it, there have been
many Covenants taken by the people of God, Josiah's, Jehoshaphat's,
and Nehemiah's, the Foreign Protestations and those of our
own, yet none that hath such a Spiritual and Political breadth
in it, reaching not only to Nationals, but all particulars; and taking
in the furthest, and most foreign necessary, and circumstance either in
state, or Church.

I might take in other particulars, but they are such as
clear up to your first discovery, only my thoughts have rolled up themselves
into this conclusion.

Since the Covenant is of this transcendency and
excellency, so solemn and sacred, it were fit there were some holy design,
to work it more close to the souls of those that take it, all our happiness
spiritual and civil is now in the success of our confederation
with our God, & therefore there would be as much holy art used in preserving
the spirits of people in that height of Covenanting, as there was
used in the raising them up; God himself makes conservation as much
his business as the creation of the world, and therefore some make
it the same act repeated again.

I should think it not unnecessary, that those parts in
it which have most of the attestations, & invocation,
& imprecation, and most of the Political and civil advantages,
be set on by the ministry in frequent inculcations, even to a Catechizing,
and by a civil ordinance, or law to that purpose to remind the ministry,
for we complain of looseness and neglect in former Covenants, and
we take no care to enquire into the reasons, & remedies; and certainly
the sudden laying aside such national & obligatory doctrines, &
making them but the musick and solemnity of one day, is the only reason
of our relaxations, & apostacies, whenas having got the Souls of men
into a Covenanting station, we should apply our strengths and honest
designs to keep them there.

A Divine Rapture upon theC O V E N A N T.

CHILDREN of Sion, rise, and sit
not onThose flowry banks of Babylon.Her streams are muddy and impure, and knowHer channel's bloody where they flow.Oh! let us to a Region, where we mayBathe in pure waters every day,Waters of Life, and happiness, which haveA Crystal Grace in every wave;We all make ready to be gone, and meanNever to see those banks againOh stay not, till heaven scourge you with a rodUnto the city of your God.See here a chain of Pearl, and watry dewWept from the side of God for you;See here a chain of Rubies from each wound,Let down in Purple to the ground:Come tie your hearts with ours, to make one Ring,And thread them on our golden string:Great God, let down some glorious beam of thine,To winde about his soul and mine,And every ones' then we shall joyfull be,Made sure to heaven and Thee.