Two-thirds of usa citizens polled through the "Associated Press" accept as true with the next assertion: "An animal's correct to dwell freed from anguish could be simply as vital as a person's correct to stay freed from discomfort. " greater than 50 percentage of american citizens think that it really is improper to kill animals to make fur coats or to seek them for recreation. yet those similar americans devour hamburgers, take their young children to circuses and rodeos, and use items constructed with animal checking out. How will we justify our inconsistency? during this easy-to-read advent, animal rights recommend Gary Francione seems to be at our traditional ethical pondering animals. utilizing examples, analogies, and thought-experiments, he finds the dramatic inconsistency among what we are saying we think approximately animals and the way we really deal with them. "Introduction to Animal Rights: Your baby or the puppy? " offers a guidebook to interpreting our social and private moral ideals. It takes us via innovations of estate and equivalent attention to reach on the simple competition of animal rights: that everybody - human and non-human - has the appropriate to not be handled as a way to an finish. alongside the way in which, it illuminates innovations and theories that each one people use yet few folks comprehend - the character of "rights" and "interests," for instance, and the theories of Locke, Descartes, and Bentham. full of attention-grabbing info and cogent arguments, it is a ebook that you could be love or hate, yet that might by no means fail to notify, enlighten, and teach. writer observe: Gary L. Francione is Professor of legislations and Nicholas de B. Katzenbach pupil of legislation and Philosophy at Rutgers college legislations university, Newark. he's the writer of "Animals, estate, and the Law" and "Rain with out Thunder: The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement" (both Temple).

16 READING AKKADIAN PRAYERS AND HYMNS: AN INTRODUCTION It spread (to others) the gnawing of (his) insides, The stock of the human race was diminished. Belet-ili went before Ea the king, “O Ea, humankind was created by your spell, “Second, you pinched off their clay from the firmament of the depths. “By your great command, you determined their capacities. ), jaundice! 38 Although these kinds of texts are clearly excluded from the present understanding of prayer because they are directed at malevolent (here, an illness) rather than benevolent powers, they often bear one of the two Sumerian superscripts, én or én-é-nu-ru, under discussion.

When this hymnic element is present, the length varies significantly from as little as one line to a dozen or more. , the animal sacrifices in the OB letter-prayer to Ninmug on page 105). In the subset of prayer identified here as hymn, praise predominates throughout. Another common element of content in prayers is the self-presentation or selfintroduction formula, in which the supplicant identifies their name, filiation, and perhaps personal gods. 29 During the course of praising, complaining to, 28 Moreover, hymns are not entirely devoid of petition.

This text-centered orientation makes speculation about an actual speaker’s subjective intention or emotion irrelevant. The perspective and warrants of the text are all that is accessible to modern readers. Because the present definition defines prayer as something directed to benevolent supra-human powers, texts that communicate concerns or desires to malevolent demons, ghosts, witches, illnesses, and other powerful entities are not prayers. The same applies to texts that address themselves to mere humans or no one in particular, benevolent or otherwise.