Methods Fifteen patients 6 months-11 years after a moderate-severe TBI and age-matched controls had MRI, neuropsychological testing and PET. Patients received either minocycline 100 mg orally twice daily or no drug (2:1 ratio) for 12 weeks, and were followed up at 12 weeks and 6 months.

Conclusion Progressive volume loss in white matter with high microglial activation indicates on-going neurodegeneration. Minocycline reduced [11C]PBR28 binding, suggesting a treatment effect on microglial activation. These findings support the case for further clinical evaluation of minocycline as a treatment for neurodegeneration after TBI.

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