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Sata-sastra (Hundred Treatise), T 1569, trans. by Kumarajlva, b. Sata-sastra-vaipulya, T 1570, trans. by HsOan-tsang, and c. Commentary by DharmapaIa on the Sata-sastra-vaipulya, T 1571, also trans. by HsOan-tsang, 2. ffara-sataka, T 1572, 3. ffa-sastra, T 1577, 4. Refutation of the Four Theses of the Tirthikas and Hinayanists in the Lankavatara-sutra, T 1639, and 5. Explanation oj the Nirvii~a of the Tzrthikas q,nd Hinayanists in the Lankllvatiira-Sutra. 9 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL PREAMBLE In China, Madhyamika was known as the Four Treatise School, or the Three Treatise School, depending on whether the fourth of the treatises translated by Kumarajlva was accorded primary status.

1 1 ~ .. -­ ! Early Indian Mlidhyamika t ; 33 by name and so was written afterwards, whether by Nagarjuna or by someone else. "This matter has already been explained in the Middle Treatise" (p. 164c1), and "As it says in the Middle Treatise, . " (p. 165c22-2 3). The content of the Twelve Topics is mostly a duplication of the Middle Treatise, but it contains some distinctive passages, in par­ ticular a little atheist tract in refutation of creation by Isvara in Chapter 10 (p. 166a19-c9).

Clearly not Nag's but K-J's: a. Explanation of Sk. words, or of Indian customs, for Chinese readers. b. Not to be classed with (a), but not Nag's own words either; acceptable only as K-J's words. 2. Probably (if not clearly) not Nag's but K-J's. (B) (The reverse of A) Acceptable as Nag's, but not as of other person, much less of a foreigner like K-J. ig's, as has been traditionally held (Introd. liH-liv). s-the quite numerous quo­ tations from the Stanzas. Hikata lists seven, and Lamotte identifies ten in the first eighteen chuan of the text.