Comparison to delinquent criminal and disturbed children. Distribution to attachment process inability to form relationships with others. Lack of moral constraints on behaviour and delinquent or criminal behaviour.

Infants and careers have innate programming to become attached, social releasers. As is a biological process, occurs in critical period or not at all. Plays a role in later development (continuity hypothesis) by providing an internal working model.

Classical condoning. Food, unconditioned stimulus, produces a sense of pleasure, unconditioned response. Food becomes associated with the person doing the feeding who then becomes a conditioned stimulus, also producing a sense of pleasure.

18 of 20

Hay and Vespo

Social learning theory proposes that learning can take place indirectly through vicarious reinforcement and modelling. Suggested that attachment occurs because children learn to imitate the affection shown by their parents which they then give.

19 of 20

Dollard and Miller

Operant conditioning. Hungry infant feels uncomfortable which creates drive to lessen discomfort. Being fed reduces this. Drive reduction is rewarding and the infant learns that food is a reward for primary reinforcer.