made of cells specialized for storing drops of oil in their cytoplasm. used for cushion, insulation and energy storage.

Adipose Tissue

very tough and flexible tissue made of closely packed fibers made of collagen and found in tendons and ligaments

Dense Fibrous

very rigid and flexible, it can provide the framework for the skeleton

cartilage

almost no blood vessels, heals slowly and found in joints between bones

hyaline cartilage

very strong and flexible cartilage with many elastic yellow fibers to allow for more movement, it is found in the ear and larynx, epiglottis and tip of the nose

elastic cartilage

contains many tough, rigid, white collagen fibers and found in areas that are subject to great pressure; such as the intervertrebral disc

fibrocartilage

the hardest substance in the body with space around the cells filled with minerals. used for support, protection, and the production of blood cells

bone

contains different types of cells suspended in a fluid matrix called plasma

blood

groups of contractile cells used primarily for movement of the body and within the body

muscle tissue

contains multiple nuclei, has striations and is a voluntary type of muscle tissue

skeletal muscle

has only one nucleus per cell, no striations, and is involuntary

smooth muscle

has only one nucleus per cell, has striations, is involuntary, and also has intercalated discs.

cardiac muscle

the basic cell is called the neuron and is designed to transmit electrical nerve impulses throughout the body. They are found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the body. does not regenerate.

nervous tissue

made of epithelial tissue with an underlying connective tissue

epithelial membrane

simple squamous tissue that secretes a watery substance for lubrication

serous membrane

lines the walls of body cavities

parietal

covers organs in body cavities

visceral

made of only connective tissue, found in joints and bursal sacs and produce a fluid called synovial fluid used as a lubricant in joints

connective tissue membranes

membranes that cover the abdominal cavity and organs

peritoneum

the epidermis and structures rising from it including hair, nails, oil and sweat glands

embryonic ectodermal orgin

the dermis layer is derived from the ______

embryonic mesoderm

made of stratified squamous epithelial cells, contains no blood vessels

epidermis

the bottom layer of stem cells that divide by mitosis to produce new epidermal which move upward toward the surface of the skin and contains melanocytes which produce melanin and keratinocytes that produce the protein keratin used to add strength to the epidermis

stratum germinativum

larger, more mature cells that contain many keratinocytes and melanocytes

stratum spinosum

dark band of flattened keratinocytes that die becoming keratin fibers

stratum granulosum

dead cells covered in the trough protein keratin that is translucent and found on the hands and feet

stratum lucidum

the outer layer of dead flattened cells. keratin is now present acting as a water resistant agent to prevent excess water loss

stratum corneum

the tough part of the skin made mostly of connective tissue. It does have blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels

a small muscle in the skin attached to the hair follicle causing hairs to stand up when contracted

arrector pilli

fetal hair

lanugo

hair that grows continuously

angora

hair that grows to a certain length and then stops

definitive

allows us to grip better and also serves as a protection mechanism

nails

half moon shape of the nail

lanula

cuticle of the nail

eponychium

skin under free edge of the nail

hyponyshium

found in dermis, but is of ectodermal origin. secretes an oily substance called sebum. most of the sebum empties into a hair follicle where it makes its way to the surface of the skin. it lubricates the surface of the skin and inhibits the growth of bacteria.

sebaceous gland

sweat glands. located in the dermis and sometimes the subcutaneous layer of the skin.

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands that keep the body cool and found all over the body

eccrine

sweat glands that produce pheromones at puberty and are found in the arm pits.

apocrine

secretes cerumen (ear wax) and serves to keep the tympanic membrane from drying out and also acts as an insect repellent.

ceruminous glands

often associated with bones and is non-vascular and contains chondrycytes

skeletal cartilage

specialized cells that make up the cartilage in cavities of bone called lacunae

chondrocytes

small hollow spaces in the bone matrix where osteocytes can be found. cartilage in cavities of the bone

lacunae

a membrane that surrounds most cartilage except in joints. it serves to protect the cartilage and it is vascular so it is a source of blood for the cartilage.

perichondrium

type of hyaline cartilage that is found at the ends of bones (epiphysis) where they come into contact with another moving bone

articular

type of hyaline cartilage that is found at the tips of the ribs where it meets the sternum and is responsible for the flexibility in breathing

costal

type of hyaline cartilage that is replaced by bone and is mostly found in infants and the growth plates of young children

temporary

type of hyaline cartilage that is found in the trachea, nose, and bronchi

additional

type of fibrocartilage that is found in joints where extra strength is needed such as the sternoclavicular and the knee

interarticular

type of fibrocartilage that is found in joints where there is only a slight amount of movement such as the intervertebral discs

connecting

type of fibrocartilage that is found in joints where there is circular motion such as the hip joint

circumferential

type of fibrocartilage that is found in bony grooves where tendons pass such as the wrist

shaft. middle part of long bone made of compact bone with hollow tubes down the middle

diaphysis

ends of the bone made of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

epiphysis

thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

endosteum

cylindrical-shaped structure in compact bone that is the structural unit of the bone

osteon

circular layers of calcified matrix in the osteon

lamella

small tubes that radiate out from the haversain canal and carries nutrients to the osteocytes of the osteon

canaliculi

type of bone formation where the bone is formed directly on or within a fibrous membrane. there is no precursor of cartilage. examples of this type are the flat bones of the skull and lower jaw

intramembranous bone formation

type of bone formation that preceded in embryo by a replica of hyaline cartilage. cartilage bones are long, short , and irregular shaped bones that make up most of the skeleton. the formation of bones from cartilage begins at the center of the diaphysis and later at each epiphysis

intracartilageenous (endochondral)

break in bone but doesn't go all the way through

Greenstick

a fracture that goes straight across

transverse

fracture that has little cracks radiating out from point of impact

fissured

a fracture that does not puncture the skin

closed or simple

a fracture that breaks the skin

compound

a result of an accident

traumatic

a break in the bone caused by a diseased bone

pathologic

type of bone that have an epiphysis and diaphysis (femur, humerus)

long bone

phalanges are an example of what type of bone

short bones

bones of the skull and jaw

flat bones

carpal and tarsal bones

irregular bones

pieces of bone located within a suture

wormian bone

found inside a tendon such as the patella

sesamoid bone

the study of joints

arthrology

completely immovable joints

synarthroses

a cartilaginous joint connected by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage found at the end of long bones until they fuse after puberty. also called a growth plate

synchondrosis

slightly movable joints

amphiarthroses

freely movable joints

diarthroses

free moving joints. each has a joint cavity. they have articular cartilage. the cavity contains a fluid secreted by a membrane used to lubricate and nourish the cartilage.

synovial joints

fluid filled sacs that are located in areas of the body where muscles or tendons glide over bones. the sac serves to protect the muscles and tendon