Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy.

Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details.

Thanks Zahid, the presentation was a journal club where we choose an article or research and then appraise it to find any strengths and weaknesses. Do you have this type of educational activities in your department? It is a good teaching tool and I am happy to help by sending some sources and how to set up a journal club in your department. Best wishes,

Good day for you Dr Yasir, I'm always fan of your publications. I'm glad to see your genuine thoughts are twinned with your talented way of editing. Professionally, I really concern about this particular issue and look forward to more from you, Best regards and wishes

3.
Clinical scenario
A 70 year old lady was admitted to the psychiatric unit with
features suggestive of severe depressive episode without
psychotic symptoms of 3 months duration.
She is a member of Jehovah Witnesses and was very active in
the her congregation.
She initially refused medication but was persuaded by her
husband to take it. She prayed with him and her friends while
on the ward and nurses reported improvement in her
symptoms.

4.
Clinical questions
o Did her religious background play a role in her
improvement?
o Would her prognosis change if she was an atheist,
or spiritual (but not religious) person.
o How her faith contributed to her recovery?

6.
Background
o This was Cross Sectional Survey
commissioned by the National Centre for
Social Research, an independent research
agency with an interest in social attitudes.
o Part of the third National Psychiatric Morbidity
Study in England 2006-2007.
o Who is Michael King?

12.
Screening Questions
1. Did the study address a clearly focused
issue?
2. Did the authors use an appropriate
method to answer their question?

13.
Detailed questions
o 3.Were the subjects recruited in an
acceptable way? (multi-stage sampling)
o 4.Were the measures accurately measured
to reduce bias?
o 5. Were the data collected in a way that
addressed the research issue?

15.
Measures (cont’d)
o The SCOFF questionnaire ( make yourself Sick,
lost Control, lost more than One stone in a 3
month period?, Fat when others say you are too
thin? Food dominates your life?)
o Problem gambling (DSM IV)

16.
Measures (cont’d)
o Questions on use of recreational drugs came
from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule.
o One question explored how happy the
participants felt ranging from very, to fairly and
not too happy.
o Psychotropic medication/psychotherapy or
counselling.

17.
Sample size
o 6. Did the study have enough
participants to minimize the play of
chance?

18.
Analysis
o 7. How are the results presented and what
is the main result?
o 8. Was the data analysis sufficiently
rigorous?
o 9. Is there a clear statement of findings?

29.
Findings
o 10. Can the results be applied to the local
population?

30.
Conclusion
o People who profess spiritual beliefs in the absence of a
religious framework are more vulnerable to mental
disorder.
o Those who were religious were broadly similar, in terms of
prevalence of mental disorder and use of mental health
treatments, to those who were neither religious nor
spiritual after adjustment for potential confounders, except
they were significantly less likely to use, or be dependent
on, drugs or alcohol.

32.
Limitations
o Cross-sectional surveys, cannot prove cause and
effect.
o Other factors may be at play (e.g., lack of peer
support).
o Religious belief was not examined in details.

33.
11. How valuable is the research?
Why this subject is important?
o There has been a significant increase in research
on spirituality, religion and mental health in recent
years.
o Understanding spirituality/religious background is
essential to provide holistic care.
o Religion & spirituality provide meaning and
purpose that allow for rational interpretations of
life problems

39.
2. In terms of religious beliefs and practices:
a. Psychiatrists are generally more religious than their
patients
b. Religious teaching plays little part in psychiatric training
c. There is some evidence that religious patients prefer
religious therapists
d. A significantly greater number of mental health
professionals undergo religious conversion compared with
the general population
e. Hospital chaplains in the UK have no training in mental
health problems.

40.
2. In terms of religious beliefs and practices:
a. Psychiatrists are generally more religious than their
patients
b. Religious teaching plays little part in psychiatric training
c. There is some evidence that religious patients prefer
religious therapists
d. A significantly greater number of mental health
professionals undergo religious conversion compared with
the general population
e. Hospital chaplains in the UK have no training in mental
health problems.

41.
3. In terms of psychotherapy:
a. Freud held a negative view of religion
b. Jung held a positive view of religion
c. Perceptions of God derive from early childhood
relationships
d. Perceptions of God never change during
psychotherapy
e. The addition of religious components to cognitive
therapy may enhance efficacy for religious patients.

42.
3. In terms of psychotherapy:
a. Freud held a negative view of religion
b. Jung held a positive view of religion
c. Perceptions of God derive from early childhood
relationships
d. Perceptions of God never change during
psychotherapy
e. The addition of religious components to cognitive
therapy may enhance efficacy for religious patients.