The name Worldcon is owned by the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS), whose membership are the paying attendees of the convention. The conventions themselves are run by non-profit, fan organizations, who bid to host the event.

Members of Worldcon (attending or not) may vote on science fiction and fantasy works from the previous calendar year. Winning works receive the Hugo Award. Categories include novels and short fiction, artwork, dramatic presentations and various professional and fan activities.