General
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● Estimated incidence of 35%; due to aberrant migration during early stages of development
● Common etiology of persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism when missed at initial diagnosis
(Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2012;120:604)
● Often symptomatic due to hyperplasia associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism
● Often symmetrical from side to side, even when ectopic, making localization somewhat easier
(eMedicine)
● Can undergo adenomatous change, and cause primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia and acute pancreatitis
(World J Surg Oncol 2004;2:41)
● Inability to identify may lead to failure of parathyroid surgery

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