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Tuesday, February 18, 2014

Mother and Child: Vera Scantlebury Brown

Dear Readers: I must apologise for my long absence. I have been very busy having recently produced a Baby Turkey and then attempting not to kill said Baby Turkey. Fortunately it's more difficult than it seems.

Thankfully in the ongoing endevour to keep my offspring alive I have been assisted by many individuals some of whom are the marvellous freely available maternal and child health nurses here in Australia. In honour of them I thought today we might talk about an Australian doctor who was instrumental in helping to set up that public health service many years ago, Vera Scantlebury-Brown.

Vera Scantlebury was born in 1889 in rural
Victoria. Her father was a country doctor, and he and her mother raised
all their children to believe in the importance of educational
attainment, regardless of sex.

Vera
took this message to heart, and went on to excel at Toorak College, and
then entered medical school at the University of Melbourne in 1907.

Melbourne University admitted their first seven female students in 1887. Apart
from one student who enrolled at Adelaide University in 1886, these
were the first seven Australian women to undertake their medical
education in Australia. Two of these graduates,
Clara Stone and Margaret Whyte have the distinction of being the first
two women to be registered as doctors in Australia. Twenty years later when Vera enrolled in the degree, a female doctor was still something of a novelty in this country. When
Vera and three other female classmates graduated in 1914 there were
only about 140 women in Australia qualified as doctors, compared to
about 1,000 of their male counterparts.

However,
despite their ever increasing numbers, whilst attainment of a medical
degree was becoming more and more possible for a woman, attaining a
position of employment was not. Medical residencies were preferentially given to men. Despite this, Vera managed to achieve an appointment as a resident medical officer
at the Royal Melbourne in 1914, and then at the Children’s Hospital in
1915.

By 1917
close to a third of the Australian medical community had enlisted to
serve in the Great War that was raging across Europe. Vera too, felt a strong desire to serve her country, just as three-quarters of her graduating classmates. Unfortunately, as a woman, she was not allowed to do so as a doctor. At the time, it was widely believed that women were too delicate to handle the complexity of war injuries.

With the only option in Australia to enlist as a nurse, Vera chose to take up a position as an Assistant surgeon at the Endell
Street military hospital in London, a hospital run and staffed by
like-minded women doctors. Then she paid the, at the time, not-insubstantial 129 pound fare to London out of her own pocket. In the process she was also forced to give up her hard-won and much desired residency position. She also left behind the man who would eventually become her husband. Despite
the official advice of the Australian War Memorial, evidence exists to
suggest that alongside Vera, at least 18 other Australian women served
as doctors in various sites around Europe during the first world war. Alongside their male colleagues, they tackled the horrific injuries
suffered on the fields of battle through the use of shrapnel and poison
gas, in an era pre-antibiotics, when wounded would often need a week to
be transported to hospital. We know from her letters to her parents how difficult and confronting Vera found this work. On their return to Australia, the male doctors were feted, and rightly so. These
male veterans were preferentially given hospital appointments
throughout the country partly in thanks for their war service, and in
deference to the enormous clinical experience they had obtained during
their work overseas.

Despite
the fact that they were also war veterans, and also had a wealth of
clinical experience, this was not the case for the women. Vera
spent the next few years employed in a variety of honorary appointments
around Victoria, unable, like many women of the time, to find permanent
employment. She developed a special interest in the health of women and children, and was appalled at what she found. In
recognition of this, in 1925, she was asked by the Victorian government
to make a study of the welfare of women and children in the state.

In 1925 infant mortality in Australia was 65 per 1,000 live births. In
context, this is roughly equivalent to the current infant mortality
rate in Pakistan, Tanzania and Swaziland, along with many other third
world countries. There
was considerable apathy in the community about the problem of infant
health, coinciding with disbelief that anything could be done.

After presenting her report Vera was appointed as director of infant welfare in the Department of Health although only part time as being a married woman with two children, any employment, let alone
full-time, was considered inappropriate. Despite
this, Vera patiently and diplomatically pioneered structured antenatal
and post-natal care, significantly expanded the sphere of infant welfare
to include older children, instituted compulsory training for nurses
working within her community and successfully secured funding for infant
welfare clinics.

Her
fledgeling department went onto become the first Australian Maternal and Child Health
service. In Australia today infant mortality is 3.9 infant deaths for
every thousand live births, one of the lowest in the world. This can be attributed in no small part to the actions of this service.

For her work with this program, Vera received an Order of the British Empire in 1938. And this new mother not only stands in awe of her pioneering efforts as a woman in medicine, but is mighty grateful that the service she created exists at all.

EDIT:

Very grateful for the following corrections from Heather who wrote her PhD on Vera.

Just a couple of things: the unofficial fiance Vera left
behind in 1917 did not become her husband; Vera held several paid
professional appointments from 1919 to 1926;the Report was co-written in
1926 with Dr Henrietta Main;no children till 1928 and 1931.Cheers
Heather

4 comments:

I enjoyed reading your article having last year completed my PhD on Vera's life. Just a couple of things: the unofficial fiance Vera left behind in 1917 did not become her husband; Vera held several paid professional appointments from 1919 to 1926;the Report was co-written in 1926 with Dr Henrietta Main;no children till 1928 and 1931.Cheers Heather

Enjoyed this article about the wonderful Dr Vera Scantlebury. I'm thinking of writing a book about the Endell Street Military Hospital. I'd be interested to see you phd dissertation Heather. Could you possibly send me a link? I would of course give full acknowledgement in the finished work. Wendy Moore (not Susie, my daughter!)