- First to propose that the brain was responsible for consciousness, intelligence, & emotions.

- First to make inquiries that there are internal causes of illnessesEmpedocles- Born in Agrigento, Italy

- Stated that the heart distributed heat to the body and that a substance he called pneuma flowed through the blood vessels.Hippocrates(Father of Medicine) - Born in Cos, Ancient Greece

- First to document nail clubbing

- Hippocrates stated that the environment can affect ones health in good or bad ways

- Observed disease and its effects on the body

- Believed that disease came from natural causes not from a higher power

- Spoke of the importance of the relationship between patient, physician, and disease in title diagnosis and treatment of illness.Aristole- One of the most noted philosophers and scientists of the ancient world

- Studied the internal structure of animals because he was unable to study humans internally

- Said to have dissected over 50 different species of animals

- His dissections of plants and animals led to the creation of the classification system

- animal embryologyThe Ebers Papyrus- Written in hieratic Egyptian writing- Consists of 700 magical formulas and remedies- Accurate description of the circulatory system- Contains chapters on contraception, diagnosis of pregnancy and other gynecological matters, intestinal disease and parasites, eye and skin problems, dentistry and the surgical treatment of abscesses and tumors, bone-setting and burns.

- Oldest known surgical treatise on trauma

- Written right to left in Ancient Egypt's hieratic script (cursive form of Egyptian hieroglyphs)

- Consists of 48 cases pertaining to wounds and trauma

- Established that the heart, its vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys, hypothalamus, uterus and bladder were recognizable to the ancient egyptians

Edwin Smith Papyrus.110 BC130 AD1510 AD1275 AD- Leader of a school of medicine in Alexandria

- Performed first dissection on a human with Herophilus.

- Considered plethora (hyperemia) to be the primary cause of disease

- Made note that some of our body parts were totally useless for other organisms

- Credited with being the first surgeon in the world to use the technique of general anesthesia

- Expert acupuncturisClaudius GalenMondino de Luzzi- Credited as the “restorer of anatomy”

- Staged public dissections

- Wrote the book, Anathomia Mundini which was deemed as the first european book since the classical antiquity that was fully devoted to anatomy

- First to reintroduce the systematic teaching of anatomy into the medical curriculum after this practice had been abandoned for many centuries

- Some of his anatomical theories of the body were inaccurateLeonardo da Vinci- One of the most significant artist-anatomist of all time

- Dissected human bodies

- Produced his most precisely drawn dissections of the human body

Herophilus- Greek Anatomist

- Known as, "The Father of Anatomy"

- Alongside Erasistratus performed the first human dissection

- Discovered new parts of the brain

- First to distinguish nerves from tendons

- Went more in depth of studying the human heart and its arteries and veinsErasistratus- Greek Physician

- Stressed importance of clinical observation – examining a patient very thoroughly and noting their symptoms.

- Focused on the spinal cord and how the regulation of blood flowed

- Dissected pigs and apes and studied their bone structure and muscles

- Galen believed in the use of opposites – ex: if you were running a fever you'd be treated with something cold vice versa.1578 AD1632 AD Andreas Vesalius- Known as the "father of anatomy"

- At the age of 29 Andreas published his seven-volume De humani corporis fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body), where he used the information from disections to lead anatomy in the direction of the scientific method.William Harvey-Harvey published a book on the motion of the heart and blood in animals.

Antonie Van Leewenhoek-Used microscopes in his work.

-The use of microscopes allowed scientists to examine the fluids of the body, cells and tissue.Henry Gray-Henry Gray is associated with the idea of gross human anatomy also known as Gray's Anatomy.-Gross anatomy is the branch of anatomy that deals with the structure of organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye.1514 AD-Harvey described accurately, for the first time, how blood is pumped by the contractions of the heart, circulates throughout the body, and then returns to the heart.

-His ideas about circulation and the heart being a pump were enormous breakthroughs that helped overcome major primitive ideas.1858 AD2013Anatomy Act 1832-The study of the body became so popular and the thirst for knowledge grew so much that there weren't enough bodies for dissection.

-Body-snatching and even anatomy murder were practiced to obtain cadavers.

- The British Parliament passed the Anatomy Act which provided the bodies by allowing the dissection of only the destitute or already dead.Raymond Damadian- Damadian created the world's first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine in 1972.

-The new technology allowed us to understand what is going on inside the body without dissection.Work CitedBambach, Carmen. "Anatomy in the Renaissance". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/anat/hd_anat.htm (October 2002)"History of Anatomy." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 08 May 2013. Web. 18 Aug. 2013."A SHORT HISTORY OF HUMAN ANATOMY." A SHORT HISTORY OF HUMAN ANATOMY. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Aug. 2013. http://emsu.8m.com/anatomy.htm1832 AD1972 AD