WinVice is for Windows, hence the name. You'll need the Linux version. Which can be installed with `apt-get install vice`, as Marq mentioned. You'll probably still need the source to copy over the ROMs into their proper directories, since Debian doesn't package the ROMs due to some 'copyright' concerns.

But I'd personally just checkout the latest trunk from SVN and compile that. See doc/building/Linux-Native-Howto.txt for instructions on installing the required packages to build VICE.

Edit: just found out Mint 18.2 still carries VICE 2.4, so you're definitely better off building from source.