Beginning of first National African-American Leadership Summit, convened by NAACP

11

1880

Birth of Jeanette Rankin, first woman elected to Congress

13

1966

Miranda v. Arizona decision by U.S. Supreme Court, ruling that criminal suspects must be informed of their constitutional rights before they are questioned by police

14

1943

U.S. Supreme Court, after admitting error in earlier Jehovah’s Witness case, rules that school children cannot be compelled to salute the U.S. flag if it conflicts with their religious beliefs (WV v. Barnette)