Shipping USA to Germany

So far only short, there is more to add.

Needs

All depends on your needs. If time matters, and the item is small, the price
is usually not the problem.
But I had to ship large (e.g. 80 cm * 60 cm * 40 cm) and in some cases heavy
(40 kg and more) items. Time did not matter, only safe arrival. Value of items
has been low, means some hundred US$, so shipping costs mattered.

On the ocean

Basically, it worked, took less than 4 weeks, but was much too expensive
due to German (Hamburg) port charges and service fees in Germany.
Half of shipping costs were pickup in US including ocean travel to Germany,
the other half was caused in Hamburg port! Using FEDEX economic had been
less expensive, and even UPS had been equal. NEVER again, because price.
(I picked it up in
Hamburg port myself, did customs clearance on my own, nice experience, but
once is sufficient.)

The parcel services

USPS United States Parcel Service

USPS has unbeatable prices as long as shipment is within their size and weight
limits. No "volumetric weight"! Insurance up to US$ 500, for
GXG (Global Express Guaranteed) 2499. As of 2011-07. Worked well for me
multiple times before 2010.
Pay attention to select a trackable service, like Priority
Mail International (not the good sounding First Class Mail International).

Do not expect Deutsche Post (now it is DHL) to bring you a parcel sent
by USPS in US. As far
as I remember, their German partner has been German Parcel. I cannot say for sure
exactly date of last shipment that way, but for sure they rose service fees
for customs processing in the years before 2010.
In 2011, DHL seems to deliver packets, but other users report this for 2007
already. Parcels shipped as letter will be delivered by Deutsche Post,
handled like letter. During phone calls, Deutsche Post told me even in 2011
some stuff may go other ways in Germany, depends on service chosen for the
shipment.

Options to choose and to avoid

Always use a trackable shipping.
"Priority Mail International" worked well even for large boxes,
which usually arrived within 10 days.

Do not use "First-Class Mail International".
The name sounds impressive, but it is not trackable.
The lightweight package arrived, but it took much much more than 30 days,
in the middle of 2011. Unfortunately, I have no exact records at hand now,
but from my memory the transit time was very close to 60 days.

Experiences 2011-07-xx

Contact USPS by web form: No answer, neither email nor phone, but only the
survey regarding "feedback on your E-mail experience", which tells
me that my email address has been registered correctly.

Calling their toll free customer service number (not toll free from outside
US, but this is no issue), I experienced:

Noisy silence for some minutes, after answering the computer-based
questions. I hung up, no contact to human.

First contact to human, but noisy silence at
"transfer to international department", after 1 min hung up on
USPS side.

This time using the phone number given for tracking, during office hours,
(because otherwise only computer), talked to human, issue of tracking page
statements, "This is what we get from Germany", the human did not
know there is difference between Deutsche Post (letter service) and DHL
(which deals with packets, as the one my inquiry based on).

Entering the USPS tracking number at DHL Germany international shipment
tracking revealed, that:

The "Customs clearance" reported by USPS was only the
very first check at import airport, probably for drugs and explosives.

Packet is waiting now in final destination customs for addressee
providing more details, to determine customs fee and import turnover tax.

There is a DHL tracking number which can be used for further tracking.

DHL on its own tries to display the whole tracking history,
but fails, too, lists origin as DE (means Deutschland / Germany) instead of US.

The real problem with USPS, or better with Deutsche Post (for letters)
or DHL (for packets) in Germany is customs handling.
At random, but very often, the addressee is asked to show up at local customs
and present additional documents (because e.g.: "commercial invoice
not affixed externally to package"), or open package,
although all required shipping and import documentation is in perfect state.
Depending on location of addressee and customs office, and other people there,
this easily eats 4 hours of addressees time!

Local customs is unable to tell why it has not been finally handled at central
customs and delivered to addressees door immediately, collecting any fees
there, but I have to accuse local customs for not checking documentation again,
and reversing central decision if it has been unwarranted.
Local customs just sends formally the letter to addressee and waits for things
to develop.

Even friendly customs employees and being served immediately after entering the
office cannot outweight 2.5 hours of my time and 60 km drive, to just cite
one example.

FEDEX, others

FEDEX "INTL economy" can beat USPS prices, or come close to it,
at even higher size and weight (less restricted),
but multiple times I did not found the economic rates on fedex web site,
at least not in calculator.
My US partner pointed me at that option. We talk about e.g. US$ 250 while other
carriers are asking for 600 and more. So far, worked well at least once for me.

FEDEX does customs processing on behalf of addressee, and does so in advance.
If there is anything unclear, or just unusual, they call addressee and ask
for instructions, even in "economy" class (as of 2011-07,
own experience). They took 10 EUR handling fee for this service.

Fedex the more standard services, UPS, DHL are usually very close to each
other, but for large low-value items prohibitively expensive.
I mean US$ 600 to 1000 and up. Coarse example is UPS for 60 lbs 24 inch *
24 inch * 14 inch box asks 500 (2011-07).