10 Video-monitoring Concessions and Video-protection The development of video-monitoring has been a subject of considerable and often heated debate for over twenty years, both as regards its effectiveness against crime and its potential for infringing civil liberties. In France, the installation of video-monitoring systems in public places is regulated by the Act of January 21 st, Video-monitoring is one of a range of tools used in preventing and fighting crime. When implemented with clearly defined objectives, it can be effective. However, the misuse of video-monitoring raises a number of problems. The use of new technologies by the State should not be systematically viewed in symbolic terms or from the angle of political activism. The problem at issue is not the boom in video-monitoring in itself, as it cannot be denied that technological progress is contributing to better security for citizens, both against criminals and in the defence of persons unjustly charged, but rather the means and procedures for controlling its use. Keywords: video-monitoring, video-protection, control, civil liberties, crime, technology. Claire LEVALLOIS-BARTH, La géolocalisation : un nouvel impératif L'offre de services de géolocalisation via un téléphone mobile implique de connaître la localisation et l'identifiant du téléphone, donc de collecter des données relatives à un utilisateur identifié ou identifiable. A ce titre, la loi Informatique et Libertés exige que l'utilisateur consente en toute transparence à bénéficier d'un service géolocalisant et que ses données de localisation soient détruites ou anonymisées une fois la prestation fournie. Si, dans certains cas, l'utilisateur aspire à être localisé, dans d'autres cas, la personne concernée ignore que sa position géographique est connue de tiers. Cette traçabilité subie laisse entrevoir de redoutables perspectives de contrôle ou d'abus tant de la part des services répressifs que des entreprises. L'enjeu ne porte pas uniquement sur les risques d'atteinte à la liberté d'aller et venir, et au respect de la vie privée. De façon plus pernicieuse, l'autonomie informationnelle et décisionnelle du citoyen peut être remise en cause. Mots-clés : géolocalisation, loi Informatique et Libertés, vie privée, télécommunications, Cnil. Emerging Issues in Location Based Services Location Based Services (LBS) are information services that can be accessed with mobile phones. They rely on the system s knowledge of the geographical position and the identifier of the phone being used, and therefore on collecting data on an identified or identifiable user. In this respect, the French data protection act stipulates that users agree to be supplied with an LBS service on a fully transparent basis and that their location data must be erased or made anonymous once the service has been provided. In some cases, locationbased services are provided on the user s own request, but in other cases, the individual concerned is unaware of the fact that third parties know where s/he is. This creates potentialfor surveillance and misuse on the part

18 article suggère des buts et voies d'investigation, et conclut en proposant une typologie d'objectifs de régulation communs aux choix normatifs de production et d'échange de données personnelles. Mots-clés : choix normatifs, données personnelles, régulation du profil personnel, «vis à vis» virtuel, «métalangue». Privacy and the Personal - The Case for Regulatory Standards Are current standardization options for the Web pointing to a redefinition of the boundaries of what is personal? If so, how are they being redefined? What forms of regulation do current standards allow as regards the ever-relevant objective of safeguarding personal identity and privacy, and what obstacles are emerging to counter this aim? This paper argues that responses are developing to address the changing situation, and suggests aims and avenues for investigation. It concludes with a proposal for a typology of regulatory objectives that are common to standardization options as well as exchanges of personal data. Keywords: range of privacy, regulation through standards of identification and description, social networking, personal data, descriptive framework.

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