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Black girl Linda Brown should be allowed to attend her nearest school (an all white one) and that to bar her from it would be unconstitutional. Thurgood Marshall lead case. Important legal precedent

Jim crow laws over

Plessy vs Fergusson is over

segregation in public schools ended

Slaughterhouse Case 1873

Rights of citizens should stay under state control. 14th amendment= protection of a persons individuals rights but not state civil rights, newly freed blacks all not protected by constition

US vs Cruikshank 1876

Riots in Louisiana 70 blacks dead and 2 whites = Colfax massacre, many more arrested and ruled that federal officers could only take action against states not individuals, 300 men only 9 trial and all equited

Plessy vs Ferguson 1896

Homer Plessy sued after her was denied a seat in an all white carriageway. Ruled against him and that it was constitional. Seperate but equal

Mississippi vs Williams 1898

Henry Williams argued that the jury which convicted him was unconstitutional as no blacks were on the bench. Court rejected his case on fact that black exclusion was effect of state legislation

Gaines vs Canada 1938

Lloyd Gaines was denied a place at a uni they claimed he was within reach of another uni. It was agreed this violated the constitution of 'equal protection' and he must be offered a place

Boynton vs Virginia 1960

outlawed segregation on all travel services leading to freedom riders. Was not heavily enforced

Griggs vs Duke Power Company 1971

requirement for employees to possess a high school diploma to be unreasonable for blacks due to past educational discrimination

Milliken vs Bradley 1974

court ordered bussing between white and black areas to stop

Moore vs Pempsey 1923

Failed to uphold death sentences of 12 blacks , because trial dominated by white