7
Result : 2 Probabilities of observing the wedge-like structure after the start of AE activity (cf (1) in explanation) The peak probability is found at later time- lag at larger MLT, i.e., peak moves eastward, while the peak value of the probability decrease as the peak moves eastward. 6 MLT 9 MLT 12 MLT 15 MLT 18 MLT Time-lag (hours) Evacuation is seen (the probability is even lower than asymptotic one)

9
Conclusions : wedge-like structures 1. The structure is related to the past AE activity but not directly to Dst 2. After hourly AE>400 nT, the majority of the structure reaches the noon, and nearly half of them reaches the early afternoon sector. 3. The structures in the evening sector most likely have traveled by eastward drift rather than directly from the nightside by westward drift. 4. The response at 6 MLT is nearly immediate after high AE activities. Source of wedge shifts or extends to the early morning, e.g., 4-5 MLT. 5. The drift speed for hourly AE>400 nT is somewhat faster than model prediction even taking into account of the morning-shift of source. 6. The decay time of several hours at all MLT is consist with the charge exchange life time. 7. Sub-keV ions are sometimes evacuated right after the onset of substorm or storm.

12
Present Work (1)case study (2) statistics Simulation indicates: * Drift slowly eastward * Originated from past substorm-related injections into the ring current region 5~20 hours before. However, No solid data analyses has been done to confirm the dynamic part of the model. Are they drifting? If so, velocity? Are they nightside origin? Are they related to substorms? If so, time lag? (1) Case study : It requires isolated substorm activity + consecutive traversals, but even best case can be interpreted in many way.