Learn About The Holocaust

My Saved Research

To help reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 (coronavirus), the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, including the Library and Archives Reading Room, is closed until further notice. Staff members are working remotely to answer reference requests to the extent feasible. Reference questions, including those regarding access to collections, may be directed to Reference@ushmm.org. For questions about donating materials, please contact Curator@ushmm.org. Please do not send any materials until the Museum reopens to the public. Thank you for your understanding.

To help reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 (coronavirus), the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, including the Library and Archives Reading Room, is closed until further notice. Staff members are working remotely to answer reference requests to the extent feasible. Reference questions, including those regarding access to collections, may be directed to Reference@ushmm.org. For questions about donating materials, please contact Curator@ushmm.org. Please do not send any materials until the Museum reopens to the public. Thank you for your understanding.

Search All 1 Records in Our Collections

The Museum’s Collections document the fate of Holocaust victims, survivors, rescuers, liberators, and others through artifacts, documents, photos, films, books, personal stories, and more. Search below to view digital records and find material that you can access at our library and at the Shapell Center.

German occupation currency note, valued at 5 Karbowanez, issued in eastern Poland (Ukraine.) In September 1939, not long after the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, eastern Poland, now Ukraine, was occupied by the Soviet Union under the terms of the German-Soviet Pact. On June 22, 1941, Germany launched a surprise attack, Operation Barbarossa, on Russia. A week later, German troops occupied most of the Ukraine. Most of the region was liberated by the Soviet Army in early 1944.

Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, issued in the Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp in 1943. All currency was confiscated from deportees upon entry and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. The Theresienstadt camp existed for 3.5 years, from November 24, 1941 to May 9, 1945. It was located in a region of Czechoslovakia occupied by Germany, renamed the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and made part of the Greater German Reich.

German occupation currency note, valued at 5 Karbowanez, issued in eastern Poland (Ukraine.) In September 1939, not long after the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, eastern Poland, now Ukraine, was occupied by the Soviet Union under the terms of the German-Soviet Pact. On June 22, 1941, Germany launched a surprise attack, Operation Barbarossa, on Russia. A week later, German troops occupied most of the Ukraine. Most of the region was liberated by the Soviet Army in early 1944.

Learn about over 1,000 camps and ghettos in Volume I and II of this encyclopedia, which are available as a free PDF download. This reference provides text, photographs, charts, maps, and extensive indexes.