B-GL-383-002/PT-015

N a tio n a l D é fe n s e
D e f e n c e n a tio n a le

BATTLE TASK STANDARDS –
INFANTRY

(ENGLISH)

WARNING

ALTHOUGH NOT CLASSIFIED, THIS PUBLICATION, OR ANY
PART OF IT, MAY BE EXEMPTED FROM DISCLOSURE TO THE
PUBLIC UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT. ALL
ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN MUST BE
CLOSELY SCRUTINIZED TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER OR NOT
THE PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT, MAY BE RELEASED.

ALTHOUGH NOT CLASSIFIED, THIS PUBLICATION, OR ANY
PART OF IT, MAY BE EXEMPTED FROM DISCLOSURE TO THE
PUBLIC UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT. ALL
ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN MUST BE
CLOSELY SCRUTINIZED TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER OR NOT
THE PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT, MAY BE RELEASED.

Issued on authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff

OPI : DAT 3 1998-08-15

Canada
BATTLE TASK STANDARDS - INFANTRY

FOREWORD
Infantry Battle Task Standards, B-GL-383-002/PT-015
(INTERIM), is issued under the authority of Commander Land Force
Doctrine and Training System, and is effective upon receipt for use in
regular and reserve units. The development of these Battle Task
Standards has been in concert with approved doctrine and is part of the
Army training strategy to implement a systems approach to collective
training. Each battle task outlined in this document provides
commanders with common standards against which performance can
be measured, and can be used to assist commanders in providing
direction and guidance in the planning and conduct of collective
training.

Direction for the conduct, evaluation and resource allocation of
collective training is contained in Field Training Regulations, B-GL-
304-002/PT-001. The Director Army Training is responsible for the
content, production and publication of this document. Comments and
suggestions are solicited using the format on page iii. Direct your
comments and suggestions to the following address:

Director Army Training 3
Land Force Doctrine and Training System
PO Box 17000 Station Forces
Kingston ON K7K 7B4

W. N. Brough
Colonel
Director Army Training
for Commander Land Force Doctrine and Training System

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

COMMENTS / SUGGESTIONS
BTS Para Comment / Suggestion Provided By

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

INTRODUCTION
ORGANIZATION

1. The role of the infantry is to close with and destroy the enemy.
Infantry forces do not operate alone, but perform their missions in
close cooperation with other arms, fighting as part of brigade groups,
battle groups, combat teams, and company groups. Consequently,
Battle Group and Combat Team Battle Task Standards (BTS) will be
used to train and evaluate the infantry at the battalion and company
level respectively. This BTS publication, on the other hand, lists those
tasks performed by mounted or dismounted rifle sections and platoons;
the combat support platoons; rifle company tasks not found at the
combat team level; and specific tasks for the battalion headquarters.
The level of detail provided is intended to assist in standardizing the
training and evaluation of tasks performed by regular and reserve
infantry units.

TRAINING CONSIDERATIONS

2. Although the battle tasks listed in this BTS are those which any
infantry company, platoon or section could be required to perform in
operations, resource and time constraints will make it impractical to
train on each battle task during every training cycle. Before the
beginning of the training cycle, company, platoon and section
commanders, in conjunction with their higher commander, must
identify the high priority battle tasks which they will train for and be
evaluated upon during the upcoming training cycle. Factors to be
considered in the identification of high priority battle tasks include:

a. the higher commander’s direction/guidance

b. a mission analysis and estimate for any upcoming
operations

c. the current level of training

d. any weaknesses identified as a result of previous
evaluations and training

e. the length of time since training for each battle task was
last conducted

f. the introduction of new doctrine or equipment
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B-GL-383-002/PT-015

g. the resources and time available

h. any other factors, which the element commander and the
higher commander decide, are relevant.

3. Once the high priority battle tasks are decided upon, it is the
responsibility of the higher commander to ensure the required
resources, in accordance with the Field Training Regulations, are
made available. Any shortfall in resources should, under normal
circumstances, result in an adjustment to the battle tasks to be trained
for and evaluated, not a reduction in the standards.

b. Needs Practice. A ‘Needs Practice’ (NPrac) rating
indicates only minor shortcomings in task performance
which are expected to be corrected in subsequent
evaluation iterations with little or no further training
required

5. The BTS have been laid out and numbered by combat function
and operation of war or transitional phase, as illustrated in the matrix
on page ix. A single letter arm indicator is used as a prefix to each
BTS number where appropriate to illustrate Corps or Branch specific
tasks. Those BTS listed without an arm indicator refer to BTS
common to two or more Corps or Branches. A letter suffix to each
BTS number is used to define the unit level for each task element, as
listed below:

a. A - individual (only used in IBTS)

b. B - section / crew / detachment

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

c. C - platoon / troop

d. D - subunit

e. E - combat team

f. F - battalion / regiment / battle group

g. G - brigade group.

6. Only those common or Corps specific BTS applicable to the
Infantry are tabled in this publication.

APPLICATION

7. Note that some BTS can be read as mission statements, while
others are tasks or drills, which must be achieved in order to
accomplish a specific mission. These tasks and drills are considered
significant enough to warrant an evaluation and resource-planning
tool.

8. For each BTS, some iterations should be performed in the
presence of civilians, government organizations, non-government
organizations, private voluntary organizations, and the press.
Moreover, for each BTS, some iterations should be performed under
NBC conditions.

CONCLUSION

9. The BTS contain sufficient detail and are formatted in order
that they can be used as the actual marking guide during evaluations.
While they are authoritative, they nevertheless still require judgement
in application as training must be performance oriented, and
performance must be judged on task accomplishment, not just process.

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

INFANTRY TASKS LINKED TO COMBAT
FUNCTIONS AND OPERATIONS / PHASES OF
WAR

The element is conducting tactical operations. A new mission is
received requiring the element to prepare a warning order and orders.
Offensive, defensive, delay or transitional operations by day or night
under NBC conditions may be involved. Civilians, government
organizations, non-government organizations, private voluntary
organizations, and the press could be present in the area of operations.
Depending on the nature and complexity of the mission, and the time
available, some steps may be abbreviated.

TASK STANDARD:

The element commander develops a plan which follows the higher
commander’s intent, makes maximum effective use of time, is issued
to subordinate commanders using less than one third the time
available, is clearly understood by subordinate commanders and
accomplishes the assigned mission.

This task includes all elements within a company / battalion HQ. To
be properly exercised, the CP and HQ personnel must be present, and
the CP should be deployed as part of an FTX. This task is performed
day and night in all weather conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The CP is established, and re-established following each move, taking
into account all siting and security factors. The CP facilitates the
effective control of unit and subunit operations through the
maintenance of continuous voice and data communications with
required internal and external elements, and the maintenance of all
orders, maps, messages, and other supporting documentation / records.
NPrac
Ineff
Eff

Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The CP is sited taking into consideration the
following factors:

a. site selected permits good communications
with higher headquarters and subordinate
elements, without need for an RRB station
and CP is screened from enemy EW
devices

b. CP is concealed, making best use of
wooded areas and villages. Isolated or
predictable cover is avoided

c. physical protection, particularly from
artillery, is provided

d. security/defence of the CP is provided,
either by integral HQ personnel or by co-

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1002 D/F

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

location with another element of the unit

e. site is accessible by wheeled vehicles,
preferably with a covered final approach.

2. When suitable and / or available, a mobile CP
complex is quickly deployed, providing a work area for
the commander and the various staff cells in the HQ.

3. Communications configuration is established and
provided for the CP complex, meeting all operational and
technical requirements, including a remote capability
when available.

4. CP establishes and maintains communication:

a. upon initial deployment, CP establishes
communication on appropriate radio nets
and completes all communications checks

b. communications are maintained with all
subordinate elements and higher HQ
stations without interruption

c. only approved radio telephone procedures
are used

d. CP encodes all critical messages without
error

e. CP decodes all messages without error

f. CP keeps transmissions to 15 seconds or
less

g. CP uses challenge and reply authentication
IAW SOP without error

h. electronic silence is observed as directed in
orders

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

NPrac
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Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

i. radio silence is observed as directed in
orders

j. lowest possible power settings and
directional antennas are used when possible

k. CP continues to communicate while the
enemy attempts to jam communications

a. all available supporting direct and indirect
fire is synchronized and executed in a
timely manner, and accomplishes the
desired result IAW the fire plan, or the
commander’s requests

b. fire support priorities are adjusted as the
battle progresses.

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

2002 B/C/D - ENGAGE TARGETS WITH MAIN AND
SECONDARY ARMAMENT

ELEMENT: SECT / PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The element is operating independently or as part of a larger force.
The element commander plans and coordinates direct fire. Main and
secondary armament must be used to engage static and moving targets
while stationary and on the move, under all types of visibility and
environmental conditions.

The mortar platoon groups have moved to new firing positions. The
fire controller (FC) with a manoeuvre subunit receives a call for fire
from the subunit and calls for fire from the assigned mortar group. The
group control post operator (CPO) initiates the fire. The battalion fire
support coordination centre (FSCC) monitors all calls for fire,
including artillery and air, and controls movement of mortar platoon.

TASK STANDARD:

Within two minutes of the call for fire, the FC determines the initial
data and relays the request to the assigned mortar group CPO to fire.
Subsequent fire commands are issued within 30 seconds after receipt
of corrections.

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The FC records the call for fire and repeats the
call for fire.

2. The FC moves to a position of observation to
assume the call for fire from the subunit, if possible.

3. The FSCC determines if the mortar group can
accept the fire mission by verifying that:

a. the target is in the unit’s area of
responsibility

b. the target does not endanger friendly forces

c. the fire request supports the overall mission
of the supported unit(s)

d. the required ammunition is available and

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

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Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

does not violate commander’s guidance

e. the target does not conflict with any fire
support coordination measures

f. if other fire units are available to engage in
the mission if required for the target.

4. The FC issues the order to fire:

a. determines initial firing data, including
target description, and sends it to the mortar
group CPO within two minutes of the last
element of the call for fire

b. determines subsequent corrections within
30 seconds

c. all firing data is recorded

d. data sheet is updated

e. firing data of the FC is confirmed by the
CPO:

(1) deflection

(2) range

(3) charge

(4) time.

5. The CPO announces the initial fire command to
the mortar line, including all elements necessary for
accomplishing the fire mission. The warning order is to
include:

a. the size of the fire unit - group or section

20 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
I2701 C

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

b. ammunition and fuse:

(1) HE

(2) smoke

(3) illumination

(4) fuse delay

(5) fuse SQ

(6) fuse time

c. charge

d. bearing

e. elevation

f. command to fire.

6. The mortar line / group / repeats the fire command
and applies the correct data on the mortars.

7. Subsequent fire orders originate with the FC and
are converted by the CPO. They are the parts of the
orders that have changed from the initial order given, to
correct rounds onto the target and produce effective fire:

a. bearing

b. elevation

c. command to fire.

8. Mortar group / section fires the rounds:

a. when the rounds are fired, the CPO
announces to the FC ‘Shot, over’

b. CPO announces the time of flight of the
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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

rounds

c. the FC determines the number and type for
rounds fired in the initial call for fire

d. the CPO repeats para 5 for all subsequent
commands until the FC, announces ‘End of
Mission’

e. the CPO records the results of the fire
mission, and completes the ammunition
portion of the report.

9. The FSCC:

a. records the call for fire and passes the target
description to higher HQ

b. passes target results to higher HQ.

22 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
I2702 C

I2702 C - FIRES A FINAL PROTECTIVE FIRE

ELEMENT: MOR PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

While in a firing position, the mortar platoon receives a request to fire
a final protective fire (FPF) already adjusted. One mortar group fires
on a subunit FPF, or the mortar platoon fires on a battalion / battle
group FPF.

TASK STANDARD:

The mortar platoon initiates accurate FPF within 30 seconds if already
laid, or within one minute if not already laid on FPF.

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. A Forward Observation Officer (FOO) or Fire
Controller (FC) initiates a FPF call for fire. The call may
be relayed through the Fire Support Coordination Centre
(FSCC) if FOO initiates, or through a Control Post
Operator (CPO) if FC initiates:

d. at the end of the mission, the CPO reports
the number of rounds expended and the FC
reports effects of fire on the target to the
CPO.

3. The FSCC monitors all above.

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I2703 C

I2703 C - FIRE SIMULTANEOUS MISSIONS

ELEMENT: MOR PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

In a firing mission, the mortar platoon receives two adjust-fire
requests, one immediately after the other. Note that mortar platoon
could engage one target from two different group locations.

TASK STANDARD:

The mortar platoon engages both targets with accurate fire for effect
(FFE). The platoon engages the enemy or target within the bursting
radius for an effective FFE.

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The Fire Support Coordination Centre (FSCC)
coordinates the allocation of two missions:

a. the Fire Controllers (FC) with the subunits
requesting for fire must determine the call
for fire and send it to their mortar group
Control Post Operator (CPO) as soon as
possible after the last element of the call for
fire from the subunit

b. the FCs must determine subsequent
corrections within 30 seconds

c. CPOs must record call for fire, or

d. the CPO must determine the direction and
distance from the firing position to the
target, and prepares the initial fire
command following the procedures listed at
para 2 below. The fire request is
authenticated if code word not used

e. the FSCC determines if the group could
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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

NPrac
Ineff
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

accept the fire mission by verifying that:

(1) the target is in the mortar platoon’s
area of responsibility

(2) the target does not endanger friendly
forces

(3) the fire mission supports the overall
mission of the manoeuvre element(s)

(4) the required ammunition is available

(5) the target does not conflict with any
fire support coordination measures

f. mortars firing on different targets do not
crossfire (peacetime).

2. Each group adjusts fire onto its target:

a. performs drills to lay mortars for bearing
and elevation change

b. perform drills to fire as ordered

c. groups fire initial adjusting rounds for each
mission

d. non-adjusting mortars follow the fire
commands for the adjusting mortar with
which it will fire the FFE.

3. The mortar groups engage the two targets with
FFE:

a. perform drills to fire as ordered

b. initiates FFE for both missions as soon as
possible

26 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
I2703 C

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

c. engage the enemy or targets IAW the fire
plan

d. at the end of the mission, the CPOs report
the number of rounds expended, and the
FCs reports the number of rounds on the
target, if known

The FSCC coordinates the application of all indirect fire support to the
battalion, and controls the mortar platoon’s indirect fire in support of
the battalion during a combat operation. Enemy forces have been
operating in the area and conducting harassing missions against
friendly manoeuvre elements.

TASK STANDARD:

The FSCC maintains communications with supported manoeuvre
units. It coordinates indirect fire, including air, aviation and naval
gunfire, within or allotted in support of the battle group. It coordinates
and monitors the execution of requests for fire, fire missions with
adjacent units, and the production of a fully coordinated fire plan. The
FSCC balances the deployment, movement and employment of
allotted fire resources with the battle group, and coordinates the
resupply of allotted fire resources.
NPrac
Ineff
Eff

d. prepare and maintain maps for current and
planned baseplate positions

e. fire unit availability board

f. maintains MFDC

g. maintain ammunition log.

3. The mortar platoon commander supervises and
ensures the efficient functioning of the FSCC:

a. controls FSCC personnel

b. supervises all fire missions

c. verifies fire discipline

d. conducts shift pairing

e. supervises the FSCC sleep plan to ensure

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

24 hour operation

f. ensures FSCC personnel use proper
communications procedures

g. ensures FSCC personnel understand their
role in defending battle group HQ

h. consolidates and passes information

i. exchanges information with TAC CP and
intelligence section.

4. The FSCC is prepared at all times to coordinate
calls for fire.

30 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
I2705 C

12705 C - OCCUPIES A BASEPLATE POSITION

ELEMENT: MOR PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The mortar platoon receives an order to occupy a baseplate position.
The platoon may prepare a position using an advance party, or not,
before occupation. Latest INTSUMs reveal a platoon-sized enemy
element withdrawing to establish defensive positions. The enemy is at
65 to 70 percent strength.

TASK STANDARD:

The baseplate position is in a location that provides good cover and
concealment, and away from human habitation. It is away from known
or suspected enemy locations and natural lines of drift. There are
multiple withdrawal routes and is on solid ground. There is overhead
clearance. The mortar platoon is prepared to provide indirect fire
support to the manoeuvre element within two minutes of moving into
a baseplate position. The platoon moves all personnel and equipment
into their assigned positions not later than the time specified in the
orders. The mortar platoon lays all mortars and sets aiming posts
within prescribed time limits.

a. selects a tentative baseplate position based
on platoon 2IC’s reconnaissance or map
reconnaissance

b. selects an alternate baseplate position based
on platoon 2IC’s reconnaissance or map
reconnaissance.

2. The platoon 2IC:

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

a. confirms baseplate position is suitable by
coordinating with FCs, conducting the
reconnaissance, or ordering group
commanders to conduct the reconnaissance

b. if the platoon 2IC conducts the
reconnaissance, he will confirm orders,
complete the map reconnaissance, and issue
a movement order, para 3 to group
commanders (if required), or para 4 to
CPOs (if required), check communications,
and depart

c. enroute:

(1) informs the FSCC and mortar groups
of any obstacles and routes around
them

(2) informs the FSCC and mortar groups
of any other suitable baseplate
positions

(3) confirms the suitability of RVs

d. at the baseplate position, ensures that it is
suitable and accessible

e. issues a movement order para 3 to group
commanders, if not already done

f. meets each group commander at the
respective RV and leads them to the
baseplate position

g. reconnoitres alternate baseplate positions

h. upgrades the survey to each baseplate
position, if required.

32 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
I2705 C

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

3. The group commanders survey to ordered state,
reconnoitre to ordered degree, and conduct a quick
clearance of their assigned positions.

The platoon / company is operating to screen in front of, or on the
flanks of a larger friendly force. The force may be moving or
stationary. The enemy is attempting to gain intelligence about the
friendly force and / or disrupt its operation. This BTS should be read
in conjunction with BTS 4201, ‘Delay,’ and BTS 4202, ‘Guard.’

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company accomplishes its mission IAW higher
commander’s intent. The platoon / company maintains contact with
the enemy and does not become decisively engaged. The platoon /
company maintains constant surveillance of avenues of approach,
named areas of interest (NAI), and target areas of interest (TAI) IAW
orders.

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The platoon commander coordinates with higher
commander a plan for the screen to include:

a. identification of enemy avenues of
approach and possible objectives for enemy
reconnaissance and infiltrating elements

2. The platoon occupies the initial screen line by the
time specified in the order:

a. all identified enemy approaches and NAI
are covered

b. communications are established and
maintained

c. the platoon detects all enemy forces
entering the area and accurately reports
them to higher HQ as soon as possible

3. The platoon reacts to the enemy’s approach:

a. enemy units are observed

b. all enemy information is reported to higher

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3002 C/D

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Ineff
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

HQ as soon as possible

c. subsequent action is taken IAW orders,

4. The platoon moves to subsequent screen lines or
NAI to maintain the screen:

a. continuously

b. adjusts deployment during limited
visibility, whenever possible

5. If the platoon becomes decisively engaged by the
enemy, it takes subsequent action IAW orders or reports
to higher HQ and acts as directed in order to disrupt,
delay, or destroy the enemy within platoon capabilities
with supporting fire IAW BTS 4201, ‘Delay,’ or BTS
4202, ‘Guard.’

6. The platoon commander controls the movement of
the screen elements:

a. elements move, on order, to successive
screen positions

b. uses radio orders and control measures to
direct the moves

c. elements report when they occupy the new
screen line/OPs.

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

3003 B - ESTABLISH AND OPERATE AN OBSERVATION
POST

ELEMENT: SECTION

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section is conducting defensive or delaying operations and is
required to observe several named areas of interest (NAIs), target
areas of interest (TAIs), or decision points (DPs).

TASK STANDARD:

The section OP party is provided with all the information needed to
conduct its task. A suitable OP location is selected which permits
observation of the required area without being detected by the enemy.
All enemy activity in the area is observed and reported accurately and
immediately.

g. close air support (CAS) and indirect fire
support available, the means of requesting it
and the open fire policy

h. fire support coordination measures.

2. Suitable OP locations are selected and occupied:

a. a location is selected to provide the best
possible view of the area to be observed
while avoiding obvious terrain features as
much as possible

b. a covered approach to the OP is used

c. cover from ground and air observation is
considered

d. maximum use is made of camouflage

e. a work party is organized for the
preparation of the OP

f. the local defence plan of any nearby
friendly elements is conformed to

g. workable communications are confirmed

h. the OP’s location and area of observation
are reported.

3. The OP party observes its area:

a. several points throughout the area are
selected, and bearings and ranges are
determined and recorded on a range /
surveillance card to aid in indication of
targets

b. tactical information is recorded and

B-GL-383-002/PT-015 43
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NPrac
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

reported

c. natural camouflage, if used, is replaced
during periods of reduced visibility

d. targets are engaged with CAS and indirect
fire IAW the open fire policy

e. results of engagements are reported

f. knowledge of the area is continuously
improved and recorded.

44 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
3004 B

3004 B - CONDUCT A DISMOUNTED RECONNAISSANCE
PATROL

ELEMENT: SECTION

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The patrol is required to conduct a reconnaissance mission. The patrol
is operating separately and provides its own security. The patrol
receives all PIR and other intelligence requirements specified in the
order for its assigned task. Both friendly and enemy elements have
indirect fire and close air support (CAS) capabilities.

TASK STANDARD:

The patrol reconnoitres without detection by the enemy. The patrol
completes the reconnaissance and reports all information by the time
specified in the order.

a. coordination with forward and adjacent
units, and the higher commander or unit
Intelligence Officer, concerning:

(1) forward lines for passage

(2) friendly obstacles

(3) friendly OPs/LPs

(4) other friendly patrols in the area

(5) fire support

(6) passwords

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NPrac
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

b. observation post coordination:

(1) passwords

(2) location

(3) recent enemy and friendly activity.

2. The patrol commander plans and task organizes
the patrol for reconnaissance:

a. conducts preliminary reconnaissance:

(1) possible routes / distances

(2) tentative RVs

(3) obstacles

(4) landmarks

(5) OPs

(6) dead ground

(7) covered approaches

(8) friendly ambush sites

(9) likely enemy positions

b. organizes the patrol into reconnaissance,
security, and command elements for RVs
and the objective

c. defines patrol concept of operations

d. states equipment required

e. conducts rehearsals:

46 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
3004 B

NPrac
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

(1) patrol formations and signals

(2) routes

(3) action drills:

(a) halts

(b) RVs

(c) objective RV (ORV)

(d) on the objective

(e) obstacles

(f) enemy contact

(g) if lost or separated

(h) casualty handling

(i) action on illumination or trip
flares

(j) action with PWs

(k) passage of lines

f. defines individual tasks

g. coordinates fire plan if necessary

h. checks equipment and conducts weapon test
fires

i. ensures that the patrol rests

j. conducts final inspection.

3. En route to the objective:

B-GL-383-002/PT-015 47
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

a. conducts passage of lines

b. ensures move is silent and controlled

c. counts personnel after each halt or obstacle

d. uses hand signals

e. ensures navigation is accurate

f. conducts security:

(1) listening halts

(2) flanks, rear protected

(3) good observation

(4) action at halts

(5) carriage of weapons

g. adopts appropriate fieldcraft:

(1) individual camouflage

(2) use of ground

(3) stealth

(4) formation to suit the ground.

4. Action at objective:

a. ORV and release point must be established

b. patrol commander conducts final
reconnaissance of the objective

c. the objective should be covered by fire

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d. escape routes are confirmed

e. observation of the enemy must be
successful, and reported to higher HQ when
possible

f. silent, secure withdrawal covered by fire if
required.

5. On return to ORV:

a. checks for casualties

b. checks equipment

c. disseminate information if circumstances
permit

d. departs ORV quickly

e. calls for fire support on objective if
required

f. ensures move is silent and controlled

g. maintains security

h. follows proper challenging procedure.

6. Conducts passage of lines.

7. The patrol commander debriefs the patrol
members to confirm information gathered during the
patrol.

8. Information is passed to higher HQ in the format
specified and no later than the time specified.

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INFANTRY BATTLE TASK STANDARDS

3005 C - CONDUCT AREA RECONNAISSANCE

ELEMENT: PLATOON

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITION

The platoon has received orders to conduct an area reconnaissance to
locate enemy forces and / or collect terrain information within a
prescribed area. Enemy contact is possible or expected. Time is
available to conduct the reconnaissance.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon moves to the area of responsibility as quickly as possible.
It collects and reports information covering the dominant and key
terrain, enemy forces within the area, and all other items of interest
specified in orders. It reacts to enemy forces as appropriate and
maintains sufficient combat power to continue the mission.

2. Platoon commences move to area of
responsibility, which may include passage of lines, and
using the formation and type of movement specified by
the platoon commander and IAW BTS 4308, ‘Move
Tactically’.

3. Conducts reconnaissance of the area of
responsibility and reports to the higher commander.

4. Employs patrols to assist in tactical movement
when any of the following apply:

a. detailed reconnaissance is required, such as
to observe a named area of interest (NAI),
clear a checkpoint, or observe across
intervisibility lines

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b. enemy contact is expected or visual contact
has been made

c. vehicle movement through an area is
restricted by terrain

d. time is available

e. security is the primary concern.

5. Makes maximum use of sensors, speculative fire
(if authorized), available aviation resources to conduct
surveillance of restricted terrain such as woods, built-up
areas, and defiles.

(4) if orders specify that the contact is to
be picketed and manoeuvre elements
are available, performs handover of
contact.

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8. Conducts coordination at contact points with
adjacent units on the flanks as directed.

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3006 C - CONDUCT ROUTE / POINT RECONNAISSANCE

ELEMENT: PLATOON

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITION

The platoon has received orders to conduct a route/point
reconnaissance alone or as part of a larger level operation. Planning
and preparation have been completed, and time is available to conduct
the reconnaissance. Enemy contact is possible or expected. Note that
this BTS includes both route and point reconnaissance since a route
reconnaissance normally includes a number of points to be
reconnoitred. Moreover, a route is not limited to roads and tracks.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon deploys. It reconnoitres all key / dominant terrain from
which the enemy could influence the route. It identifies and reacts to
enemy forces along the route and retains sufficient combat power to
continue the mission. It reports critical route information as directed
by the commander.
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guidance from the higher commander on how much
detail is required. This includes verifying which critical
tasks support the commander’s intent. At a minimum, the
platoon should determine trafficability:

a. from the start point (SP) of the primary
route, the platoon commander sends higher
HQ an initial route report:

(1) map accuracy

(2) reports location of the SP using
control measures

(3) reports information that platoon can
see from SP using control measures

b. determines and reports trafficability of the
route:

(1) identifies the type of ground along
the route

(2) for roads and tracks, identifies
classification of the route, checking
for height, width, and weight
restrictions to determine the
appropriate class

(3) identifies seasonal limitations of the
route

(4) identifies rate of movement the route
will support

(5) identifies location and type of any
critical points

c. reconnoitres to the limit of the enemy’s
direct fire range and along terrain that
dominates the route, to include all lateral

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routes

d. reconnoitres built-up areas along the route
IAW orders

e. locates and reports bypasses around built-
up areas, obstacles, and contaminated areas

f. inspects and classifies each bridge along
route:

(1) patrol establishes security around
bridge

(2) if no Engineer Recce Party is
available, and / or IAW orders, the
patrol inspects the bridge, looking
for weather damage, structural
damage, and / or possible enemy-set
demolitions, and conducts a hasty
classification of the bridge

(3) platoon / patrol commander sends
report to higher HQ

g. locates and reports fords or crossing sites
near all bridges on the route, as required

h. inspects and reports overpasses,
underpasses, and culverts along the route.
Classification is conducted if Engineer
Recce Party is not available and / or IAW
orders

i. reconnoitres all defiles along the route

j. locates mines, obstacles, and barriers along
the route

k. identify alternate route(s).

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4. Platoon identifies enemy forces that can influence
the route:

a. identifies enemy forces

b. reacts as appropriate and initiates actions on
contact

c. determines enemy strength, composition,
activities

d. develops the situation and recommends a
course of action to the commander

The battalion is conducting combat operations. The threat is
regimental size in battalion defensive operations and company size in
battalion offensive operations.

TASK STANDARD:

All available information about enemy capabilities, terrain, and
weather necessary to plan, coordinate, and perform combat operations
is identified, reported, and used. The battalion obtains all
Commander’s Critical Information Requirements (CCIR) in the
battalion sector. All brigade-directed intelligence acquisition tasks on
the enemy, terrain, or weather are accurately collected and reported by
the battalion.
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b. all company-size mounted avenues of
approach and all dismounted avenues of
approach are accurately identified and rated

c. all observed enemy movements are
identified and reported to the battalion HQ

d. information needed to use terrain critical to
the battalion scheme of manoeuvre (routes,
avenues of approach, fire base positions,
etc) is gathered by physical reconnaissance
early enough to allow timely adjustment to
plans.

The reconnaissance party commander receives orders to reconnoitre a
pioneer task, or to determine the availability of pioneer resources.
Orders include the reconnaissance information required, the time by
which the reconnaissance information is due to the higher commander
ordering the reconnaissance, and the format in which the information
is to be provided (eg. oral briefing, reconnaissance / design proforma,
or written reconnaissance report). Contact with the enemy during the
reconnaissance is possible.

TASK STANDARD:

The reconnaissance party completes the reconnaissance, acquiring all
of the required information, and submits / transmits the information in
the appropriate format to the higher commander who ordered the
reconnaissance no later than the time specified in orders. The
reconnaissance party takes the appropriate security measures to
minimize casualties during the reconnaissance and to deny the enemy
knowledge of the reconnaissance party’s intentions. The time required
to complete this task is increased when conducting it under NBC
conditions.

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1. The reconnaissance party commander verifies the
information to be acquired during the reconnaissance and
seeks clarification as necessary.

2. The reconnaissance party commander ensures that
the required personnel (eg. by occupation, qualification,
position) and stores / equipment are prepared.

7. The reconnaissance party commander
submits/transmits accurate reconnaissance information
IAW the required format no later than the time specified
in orders. Oral briefings are clear and concise and written
reconnaissance reports / design proformas / overlays /
traces are legible and complete.

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3012 B

3012 B - RECONNOITRE A DEMOLITION TARGET

ELEMENT: PNR SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The reconnaissance party receives orders to reconnoitre a potential
demolition target. Orders include the target location, type of obstacle
to be reconnoitred, obstacle intent, the time by which the
reconnaissance report is due, and the format in which the information
is to be provided (eg. written DND 2103 or 2107, oral transmission of
E120B or E122B, etc). Orders may include the quantities of Class IV
(field defences) or Class V (ammunition, including mines and
explosives) initially allocated to the target, if an initial allocation was
provided in orders from higher (eg. push system). The area is secure,
but enemy contact with section-size elements is possible.

TASK STANDARD:

The reconnaissance party completes the reconnaissance, acquiring all
of the required information, and submits/transmits the information to
the superior who ordered the reconnaissance no later than the time
specified in orders. Subsequent execution of the mission is not
jeopardized by inaccurate measurements taken and / or calculations
performed during the reconnaissance. The reconnaissance party takes
the appropriate security measures. The time required is increased when
performing this task under NBC conditions.

2. With the supported manoeuvre commander, the
reconnaissance party commander sites the obstacle
ensuring that the fundamentals of obstacle placement are
observed and ensuring that it is integrated with the
manoeuvre, fire and other plans, as required.

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3. Reconnaissance party gathers and records specific
information / data for the type of target:

(1) Obstacle Recce Report (DND
2103/E120B OBSRECCEREP) for
all targets other than bridge
demolitions, or

(2) Bridge Demolition Recce Report
(DND 2107/E121B
BRDMLRECCEREP)

b. provides sketch of zulu harbour, if required.

4. If an initial Class IV/V allocation was provided in
orders, the reconnaissance party commander confirms
that the initial allocation is sufficient to execute the
demolition and achieve the required obstacle intent or
identifies the shortfall for corrective action.

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3013 B

3013 B - RECONNOITRE A GAP CROSSING SITE

ELEMENT: PNR SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The reconnaissance party commander receives orders to reconnoitre a
gap-crossing site. Orders include the type of crossing required (eg.
assault boat, NSB, aerial ropeway). Orders also include the time by
which reconnaissance report is due, types / MLC of vehicles, traffic
density, loads to be crossed (eg. for aerial ropeway), and the format in
which the information is to be provided (eg. DND 2106, design
proforma, support area matrix, map trace, etc). Contact with up to
section-sized enemy elements during this task may be possible.

TASK STANDARD:

The reconnaissance party completes the reconnaissance, acquiring all
the requested / required information and submits / transmits the
information to the superior who ordered the reconnaissance no later
than the time specified in orders. Subsequent execution of the mission
is not jeopardized by inaccurate measurements taken or calculations
performed during the reconnaissance. The reconnaissance party takes
the appropriate security measures to minimize casualties during the
reconnaissance and to deny the enemy knowledge of the
reconnaissance party’s intentions.

A reconnaissance party is ordered to conduct a dismounted minefield
reconnaissance in support of a deliberate breaching operation. The
reconnaissance is conducted during a period of reduced visibility.
Orders include the grid reference of the start point for the
reconnaissance, the bearing to be taken, and the time by which the
reconnaissance information is due. The minefield is less than 350
metres in depth. A security element is provided to provide
direct/request indirect fire in the event that the reconnaissance party is
detected. No iterations of training on this task are performed under
NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The reconnaissance party completes the reconnaissance and submits a
report within the time allotted. The party detects all mines and trip
wires on the bearing provided in orders. The party takes all reasonable
precautions to avoid detection during the reconnaissance.

(a) detaches the reel of fish line
and traces the trip wire to both
ends

(b) searches path along the trip
wire for other trip wires and
mines

(c) neutralizes mechanism at the
end of the trip wire and cuts
the wire only after both ends
have been checked

(d) reattaches the reel of fish line
and continues searching along
the required bearing

(2) Mine:

(a) if capable of doing so, No 1
neutralizes and marks the
mine. If not, then simply
marks the mine

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(b) No 1 withdraws to allow the
IC to move forward to
investigate the mine

(c) if the IC is capable of
neutralizing the mine he does
so, if not the mine is marked
and bypassed

(d) No 1 reassumes the point
position and continues
searching

f. the IC follows No 1 and marks all
reported/marked trip wires and mines on
the fish line using pre-arranged code (loops
in fish line, etc)

g. No 2 follows a minimum of five metres
behind the IC, using a mine detector to
search for deeper buried metallic mines.
When something is located it is marked and
the IC is informed. The No 2 then
withdraws a minimum of five metres to
allow the IC to return to investigate the
finding. IAW IC’s instructions, No 1 either
continues the search during the IC’s
investigation or waits until the investigation
is complete before continuing the search

h. at a previously determined point or when
the IC determines that the party has reached
the far side of the minefield, the fish line is
marked to identify the finish point

i. the party retraces its steps, in reverse order,
running the fish line through their hands
such that the loops warn them of the
positions of any mines

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j. No 1 reels in the fish line and recovers all
mine markers

k. if unknown mines are found, the IC notes
all information he can without disturbing
the mine and returns to the friendly side

l. upon returning to the start point, all stores
are accounted for to ensure that nothing has
been left behind.

3. If other obstacles are encountered during the
reconnaissance, all possible information is gathered to be
included in the reconnaissance briefing/report.

4. Upon return to the parent unit, the party lays outs
the fish line and the position of all mines are recorded.
The IC then plots to scale the location and type of mines
encountered on a record drawing, identifying the start
point, end point, and all mines found in between.

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I3701 C

I3701 C - CONDUCTS SCREEN AND FLANK SECURITY

ELEMENT: AA PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The anti-armour platoon is ordered to screen or flank the manouevre
unit’s movement, by fire if necessary. The enemy situation is
unknown.

TASK STANDARD:

The anti-armour platoon provides early warning of enemy approach.
The platoon provides information on enemy equipment, organization,
and axis of advance. The platoon does not allow the enemy to flank
the main body IAW its assigned mission.

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1. The platoon commander plans to conduct screen
and flank security:

a. platoon orients on the enemy’s mounted
avenues of approach

b. the screen / flank is within effective
supporting range of battalion mortars and
artillery

c. the platoon commander or higher HQ
specifies engagement control measures to
coordinate the initial and subsequent fires
and movement

exceed the engagement criteria specified by
the platoon commander or higher HQ.

8. The platoon maintains early warning:

a. contact of the enemy is maintained

b. enemy elements are engaged by screening /
flanking elements before enemy observes or
engages the manouevre unit main body

c. the manoeuvre unit main body is not
observed or engaged with direct fire unless
warned by the platoon

9. The platoon reports enemy activity:

a. all enemy activity in the assigned sector is
reported to he next higher HQ

b. reports are sent IAW SOPs

c. all reports are submitted as soon as possible
after enemy activities are observed.

10. The platoon moves:

a. to new firing positions and OPs as specified
in orders

b. in conjunction with higher intent.

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I3702 C

I3702 C - CONDUCT A LAY BACK PATROL

ELEMENT: PLATOON

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon has been ordered to act as a lay back force or has been cut
off from friendly units. The enemy has indirect fire and close air
support (CAS) capabilities. The platoon must provide its own security.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon prevents the enemy from learning its location, strength,
and intentions. The platoon avoids decisive engagement. The platoon
accomplishes its assigned combat tasks according to the standards for
those specific tasks. The platoon links up with friendly forces at the
time and place specified by the orders.

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1. The platoon commander makes an estimate of the
situation and plans for a deliberate lay back operation
IAW the assigned mission:

c. returns to friendly unit no later than the
time specified by higher HQ.

80 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
4001 B/C

MANOUEVRE
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
4001 B/C - ATTACK

ELEMENT: SECT / PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section / platoon commander reacts to effective enemy fire, and
conducts a quick attack. The enemy has been in position for 24 hours
and may have prepared positions with mines and wire. Both friendly
and enemy forces have indirect fire capabilities. When a well-prepared
enemy defence must be defeated, a deliberate attack may be required,
with emphasis on planning and preparation at the expense of speed
and time. In this case, the enemy location may or may not be known,
and the enemy may or may not have engaged the friendly force.

TASK STANDARD:

The section / platoon successfully conducts a quick or deliberate
attack. The section / platoon captures, destroys or forces the
withdrawal of the enemy IAW the assigned mission.

2. Elements not in contact help to determine
essential enemy information:

a. location of, and covered and concealed
routes into enemy’s flanks and rear

b. possible locations of obstacles and
supporting enemy elements

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c. all information on the enemy and terrain is
reported to the section / platoon commander
and relayed to the higher HQ.

3. If the section is operating independently, the
section commander decides if the section has sufficient
combat power to destroy the enemy, or if the section
should dig in, bypass, or withdraw.

4. If the section is part of a platoon, the platoon
commander takes action IAW Platoon Battle Drill One,
‘Reaction to Section coming under Effective Enemy
Fire,’ and moves forward to assess the situation and
takes over, or orders the section commander to attack.

5. If the section is operating independently and has
sufficient combat power to destroy the enemy, or on
order from the platoon commander to attack, the section
commander completes a combat estimate, issues battle
orders, and takes immediate action IAW Section Battle
Drills:

a. Battle Drill Four - ‘Winning the Fire Fight’

b. Battle Drill Five - ‘Approach’

c. Battle Drill Six - ‘The Assault’

d. Battle Drill Seven - ‘Consolidation.’

6. Additional fire support for the section attack may
be obtained from the platoon.

8. The section / platoon exploits any opportunity that
may exist, but does not proceed beyond the limit of
exploitation.

9. The section / platoon commander reports the
situation to higher HQ and continues the mission.

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4001 D - ATTACK

ELEMENT: COMPANY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The company commander reacts to effective enemy fire, and conducts
a quick attack. The enemy has been in position for 24 hours and may
have prepared positions with mines and wire. Both friendly and enemy
forces have indirect fire capabilities. When a well-prepared enemy
defence must be defeated, a deliberate attack may be required, with
emphasis on planning and preparation at the expense of speed and
time. In this case, the enemy location may or may not be known, and
the enemy may or may not have engaged the friendly force.

TASK STANDARD:

The company successfully conducts a quick or deliberate attack. The
company captures, destroys or forces the withdrawal of the enemy
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2. The platoon commander sends a contact report to
the company commander.

3. Elements not in contact help to determine
essential enemy information:

a. location of, and covered and concealed
routes into enemy’s flanks and rear

b. possible locations of obstacles and
supporting enemy elements

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c. all information on the enemy and terrain is
reported to the company commander and
relayed to the higher HQ.

4. Based on the contact report, the company
commander orders the platoon commander to attack, or
moves forward and decides if the company has sufficient
combat power to destroy the enemy, or whether the
company should dig in, bypass, or withdraw.

5. If the company is to conduct a quick attack, the
company commander:

a. issues a warning order

b. completes a combat estimate

c. makes a direct and indirect fire plan

d. ensures the company prepares for battle:

(1) pickets the enemy

(2) regroups:

(a) command element

(b) fire support element

(c) assault element

(d) protective elements

(e) service support elements

(f) reserve element

(3) conducts resupply

(4) makes preliminary moves

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(5) secures the line of departure (LD)

e. issues verbal orders

6. The company conducts the attack:

a. mounting stage

b. assault stage:

(1) break-in

(2) fighting through

c. consolidation stage.

7. The company exploits any opportunity that may
exist, but does not proceed beyond the limit of
exploitation.

8. The company commander reports the situation to
higher HQ and continues the mission.

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4002 B/C

4002 B/C - ESTABLISH A FIRE BASE

ELEMENT: SECT / PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section / platoon is tasked to establish a firebase. The assault
element is either in or expected to make contact and can request
suppressive fire on the enemy.

TASK STANDARD:

The section / platoon suppresses the enemy so that it is unable to
manoeuvre and the friendly assault force is able to conduct their
assigned mission. Effective control measures and recognition signals
are employed to prevent or minimize casualties due to friendly fire.

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1. The section / platoon commander conducts a
reconnaissance of the tentative fire base position and
routes to it:

a. determines which weapons can provide
effective fire support to cover the assault
element

b. ensures position provides observation of
and fields of fire covering the objective
area, and approaches or withdrawal routes,
as designated

c. ensures position provides adequate cover
and concealment as appropriate.

6. On order, the section / platoon, under the higher
commander’s control, engages the enemy with
appropriate weapons and rate of fire.

7. IAW orders, the section / platoon:

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a. shifts and / or checks fire

b. continues to observe assigned sectors and is
prepared to engage any threat to the assault
force

c. moves to a position to block possible
enemy counter attack, or to exploit.

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4003 C/D - BREAKOUT

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company has become encircled, either unintentionally,
or deliberately as part of a defensive plan. Other friendly elements
may also be encircled. The enemy has the capability to attack by air,
ground and indirect fire. Breaking out by stealth is not feasible. The
platoon / company provides its own security.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company moves its personnel and primary weapon
systems out from the encirclement. Where the platoon / company has
become encircled unintentionally, the breakout is initiated as soon as
possible and before the enemy has the time to prepare its defences.
Where the platoon / company becomes encircled deliberately and is
breaking out on order, the breakout starts no later than the time
ordered. Effective control measures and recognition signals are
employed to prevent or minimize casualties due to friendly fire.
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The platoon / company commander organizes the
encircled force:

a. assumes control of all friendly forces in the
encirclement and initiates reestablishment
of a chain of command as soon as possible

a. directs reconnaissance of the enemy to
determine weak points and gaps

b. decides on the breakout point(s)

c. designates an assault element to create and
maintain the opening and security elements
to provide protection and deception on the
perimeter and to cover the front, flanks and
rear of the main body while it is moving

d. organizes all available direct and indirect
fire support, and develops an offensive fire
plan

i. the platoon / company effectively employs
control measures and recognition signals to
prevent or minimize casualties due to
friendly fire

j. the platoon / company reports breakout
status to higher HQ.

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4004 C/D - RAID

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company is in the assembly area or defensive sector /
battle position. It has been ordered to launch a penetration of enemy
territory to gain information, create confusion, destroy material and
disrupt enemy plans. The objective is lightly defended. Lightly
defended or undefended routes are available to move to the objective.
The specific task to be accomplished on the objective is outlined in
orders, and is normally destruction of a combat support, combat
service support, or command and control facility, or the capture of
enemy personnel. Timings for the operation are specified.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company initiates the raid not later than the time
specified in the order, surprises the enemy, assaults the objective and
accomplishes its assigned task within the commander’s intent. It
obtains all information requirements from the raid site. Effective
control measures and recognition signals are employed to prevent or
minimize casualties due to friendly fire. The platoon / company retains
sufficient combat power to continue subsequent operations IAW
superior commander’s orders.

3. The patrol / company commander establishes the
ORV and the reconnaissance group conducts a
reconnaissance:

a. verify routes to security, support and assault
positions, and the objective

b. identifies enemy or likely enemy positions,
and obstacles

c. observe the enemy, if possible, and verify
and update intelligence information

d. conduct reconnaissance undetected

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e. on completion of the reconnaissance, the
raid commander, if possible, ensures that
constant observation is maintained on the
objective and the routes leading to it, or
continues to seek current information
accordingly.

4. The execution or cancellation of the raid is based
on information gained during the reconnaissance and the
higher commander’s guidance:

a. platoon / company commander could
recommend cancellation if the number of
enemy personnel in the objective area
significantly alters the engagement ratio, or
if enemy activity in the target area is
significantly increased, movement of
outside elements into the area is detected or
increased air coverage is present that would
likely result in failure

b. platoon / company commander adjusts the
raid plan to incorporate the current
intelligence.

5. The conduct of the raid is considered feasible:

a. before moving into positions, each element
checks ammunition, weapons and special
equipment for the mission

b. security element occupies designated
positions

c. control measures for the objective, lanes,
limits of exploitation, etc, are designated

d. withdrawal routes back to friendly lines are
designated.

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6. The platoon / company moves to covered and
concealed positions:

a. support element moves undetected

b. support element assumes positions from
which fire may be placed on the objective.

c. the assault element occupies the attack
position.

7. The platoon / company conducts a dismounted
raid:

a. the planned indirect suppressive or
obscuration fire on known and suspected
enemy positions that can support the
objective is initiated

b. the assault element advances towards the
objective

c. the assault element holds fire until ready to
penetrate the objective or they are engaged
by direct enemy fire

d. on arrival at the designated point/line, the
assault element signals for the shifting of
fire

e. indirect fire on the objective is shifted

f. the support element shifts fire to the flanks
of targets, roads, bridges or outlying fire
bases

g. the assault element fights through to the far
side of the objective

j. special team commanders signal the raid
commander when assigned tasks are
completed.

8. The platoon / company conducts a mounted raid:

a. the platoon / company occupies positions in
a hide until the order is given to initiate the
raid

b. radio silence is maintained

c. movement, noise and light discipline are
maintained

d. the planned indirect suppression or
obscuration fire is initiated

e. assault elements commence firing and
advance to the objective

f. the assault element does not proceed
beyond the limit of exploitation

g. the assault element fights through the
objective, achieving the raid intent.

9. On order or signal of the platoon / company
commander, the assault element withdraws from the
objective:

a. element / teams commanders account for all

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personnel and report casualty status to the
platoon / company commander

b. direct or indirect fire is ordered to mask the
withdrawal

c. the withdrawal is ordered before the enemy
can fix the platoon / company.

10. The platoon / company moves to the designated
ORV:

a. the platoon / company withdraws from the
objective in the sequence designated in the
order

b. all personnel and equipment are accounted
for

c. the position is covered and concealed away
from the objective area

d. ammunition and equipment is redistributed

e. evacuation of wounded is arranged

f. handle PWs IAW BTS 6004, ‘Handle PWs
and Detainees.’

11. The platoon / company commander provides a
patrol / raid report as soon as possible to battle group /
battalion HQ.

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4005 C

4005 C - FIGHT IN A BUILT-UP AREA (FIBUA)

ELEMENT: PLATOON

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon is operating as a part of a higher unit in a built-up area
(BUA) environment. In most instances the platoon will be tasked with
attacking only one building at a time. The platoon identifies enemy of
unknown size in a building(s) and is tasked to clear the building(s).
The platoon will have the required support weapons and include
Engineer / Pioneer support and may include the support of tanks.
Appropriate rules of engagement are in effect. Further mission specific
conditions may be applied as deemed relevant.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of all enemy in
the building(s) or within the assigned platoon objective, to the greatest
extent possible given the tactical situation and size of enemy force.
The platoon executes its mission within the time specified in the
operation order. The platoon maintains a sufficient force capable of
reacting to an enemy counter-attack. The platoon consolidates and
prepares to support follow-on operations when its objective is reached
or when forced to do so by attrition. Rules of engagement are adhered
to.

a. conducting a detailed terrain analysis, with
due consideration given to the three-
dimensional aspects of applicable criteria
including:

(1) avenues of approach

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(2) fields of fire and observation

(3) obstacles

(4) cover and concealment

(5) manoeuvre and mobility

(6) fire hazard

(7) command and control

(8) key terrain

b. ensuring that effective command, control
and coordination measures are established

c. providing for explosives and mission
essential equipment

d. providing for ammunition resupply

e. providing for the handling of casualties,
prisoners of war, and non-combatants.

2. The platoon commander task-organizes the
platoon into an assault element and a support element,
tailored and armed appropriately to accomplish the
assigned mission.

3. Movement to the objective is conducted through
the use of covered and concealed routes, including
rooftops, exploiting limited visibility conditions
whenever possible.

4. Movement is conducted, when possible, after
enemy defensive fires have been suppressed or obscured,
and along routes which do not mask friendly suppressive
fires. Open areas should be crossed rapidly under the
concealment of smoke and suppression of the enemy.

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5. The platoon commander is well forward during
the execution of the operation and maintains positive
command and control throughout.

6. The platoon commander commits and supports the
initial assault element, and isolation of the point of entry
is ensured through the use of suppressive fires and / or
smoke.

7. Actions of the support element:

a. assignment of specific areas of
responsibility to individual soldiers and
weapon systems

b. suppression and / or impairment of enemy
gunners within the objective building(s) and
adjacent buildings to allow the assault
element to complete entry operations with
minimum casualties

c. isolation of the objective building(s) with
direct and indirect fires to prevent enemy
withdrawal, reinforcement or counter-
attack;

d. shifting supporting fires as necessary;

e. provision of replacements and ammunition
resupply to the assault force as required

f. maintenance of a reserve, located where the
assault can be rapidly reinforced.

8. The assault element assaults the objective
building(s) under direction of the platoon commander
and building clearance drills are executed:

a. the objective is approached from the enemy
flank or rear only when sufficient fires are

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suppressing the enemy

b. an entry point is established and the
building is entered at the highest level
possible, and only from the ground level
when forced to do so

c. grenades are employed after due
consideration is given to fratricide and
collateral damage, including injury to non-
combatants as applicable

d. the entry point is secured as well as
covering staircases and other routes leading
to upper and lower stories once inside the
building

e. rooms which overlook the approaches to
the objective building are cleared first;

9. Once the initial assault element has established a
foothold and consolidated, the platoon commander
launches follow-on assault forces to continue the attack
as necessary. The follow-on assault forces should be
supported by the consolidated assault troops. The platoon
commander may lead in the reserve forces if required to
continue the attack.

10. The assault element commander clears to the limit
of the assigned objective and orders consolidation once it
has been secured or when forced to do so.

11. Communications with the platoon commander and
the support element are maintained throughout and the

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tactical situation is reported when warranted and / or
requested.

12. The platoon commander orders consolidation in
the cleared building(s) once the objective has been
secured or when forced to do so. The platoon
consolidates IAW BTS 4305, ‘Consolidate’:

a. the chain of command is confirmed and / or
re-established;

b. the platoon status and tactical situation are
reported to the higher HQ IAW SOPs

c. all-round defence is established and soldiers
are positioned to cover enemy routes of
counter-attack and infiltration into the
building

d. the building(s), including the entry point(s),
is marked IAW SOPs to indicate that it has
been cleared

e. casualties are treated and evacuated

f. ammunition is redistributed and resupply is
requested as required; and

g. the platoon prepares to support follow-on
operations and / or continues its assigned
mission.

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4005 D - FIGHT IN A BUILT-UP AREA (FIBUA)

ELEMENT: COMPANY

ITERATIION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The company is operating as a part of a higher unit and is ordered to
assault an enemy platoon in a built-up area. The enemy is in prepared
positions, protected by obstacles. The enemy has crew-served weapons
and is supported by indirect fire. The company will have the required
support weapons and specialized equipment to carry out its task. This
will normally include Engineer / Pioneer support and may include the
support of tanks. Appropriate rules of engagement are in effect.
Further mission-specific conditions may be applied as deemed
relevant.

TASK STANDARD:

The company kills, captures or forces the withdrawal of all enemy in
its assigned area to the greatest extent possible given the tactical
situation and size of enemy force. The company executes its mission
within the time specified in the operation order. The company
maintains a sufficient force capable of reacting to an enemy counter-
attack. The company consolidates and prepares to support follow-on
operations when its objective is reached or when forced to do so by
attrition. Rules of engagement are adhered to.
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c. developing a scheme of manoeuvre which
exploits enemy flanks, gaps and
weaknesses

d. maintenance of operations security
including the development and execution of
appropriate deception measures

e. providing for explosives and mission
essential equipment

f. providing for ammunition resupply

g. providing for the handling of casualties,
prisoners of war, and non-combatants.

2. The company commander task-organizes the
company into assault and support elements, tailored and
armed appropriately to accomplish the assigned mission.

3. Movement to the assault position is conducted
through the use of covered and concealed routes to
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approach the enemy flanks, rear, gaps or weakly held
areas.

4. Reconnaissance and security elements are
employed to detect enemy forces, positions and
obstacles, and to prevent the same from interfering with
the company movement.

5. The company commander is well forward during
the execution of the operation and maintains positive
command and control throughout.

6. The company commander positions support
elements to provide support to the assault element.
Actions of the support element include:

a. isolation of the objective using direct and
indirect fire support

b. suppression of enemy positions and weapon
systems

c. over-watching the movement of the assault
element.

7. The company commander positions the reserve
force well forward for rapid response to reinforce the
assault element, repel any enemy counter-attack, or
exploit success.

8. The company commander directs the assault to
commence. Actions include directing the support
element to initiate fires to suppress the enemy in the
objective area, or to employ smoke to conceal the
movement of the assault element.

9. The assault element conducts the assault on the
enemy objective. Actions include:

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a. seizing a foothold in the objective

b. killing, capturing, destroying or forcing the
withdrawal of the enemy as required by the
commander's intent

c. breaching obstacles encountered

d. clearing buildings IAW established
clearance drills

e. signaling the supporting fires to be lifted
and / or shifted when they endanger the
assault element

f. reporting to the company commander when
the objective has been secured.

10. The company commander commits the reserve as
the situation warrants:

a. to exploit success or an enemy weakness

b. to support a forward element through
manoeuvre

c. to assume the mission of another element
which no longer has sufficient combat
power to attain its task

d. to maintain the momentum of the attack

e. to hold buildings seized by another element

f. to defeat, block or repel enemy counter-
attacks.

11. The assault continues until all organized
resistance is overcome or until the limit of the assigned
objective has been reached. Based on the commander's
intent, further movement / actions may take place to
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exploit the assault.

12. Element commanders keep the company
commander informed of their status and tactical situation
throughout the operation IAW the operation order and
SOPs.

13. The company commander orders consolidation
once the objective has been secured or when forced to do
so. The company consolidates IAW BTS 4305,
‘Consolidate’:

a. the chain of command is confirmed and / or
re-established

b. the company status and tactical situation are
reported to the higher HQ IAW SOPs

c. all-round defence is established and
elements are positioned to cover enemy
routes of counter-attack and infiltration into
the objective area if consistent with the
commander's intent

d. the objective buildings are marked IAW
SOPs to indicate that they have been
cleared

e. casualties are treated and evacuated

f. resupply is carried out as required

g. the company prepares to support follow-on
operations and / or continues its assigned
mission.

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4006 C

4006 C - WOODS CLEARING

ELEMENT: PLATOON

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

While moving as a part of a larger force, the platoon identifies a small
wooded area forming part of an enemy defensive position. The platoon
is ordered to conduct woods clearing. The platoon and enemy
elements have indirect fire available.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon clears the wooded area by killing, capturing, or forcing
the withdrawal of the enemy. The platoon continues follow-on
operations.

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1. The platoon commander organizes the platoon:

a. cut-off group:

(1) section LMG weapons detachments

(2) platoon APCs to provide cut-off, or
to provide fire support for the sweep
and assault groups

(3) commanded by platoon 2IC

b. sweep group:

(1) one or two sections

(2) commanded by section commander,
or platoon commander if more than
one section

c. assault group:

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(1) composed of the remaining
section(s)

(2) any attached specialists, such as
pioneers

(3) commanded by the section
commander, or platoon commander
if more than one section

2. Platoon drill for woods clearing:

a. planning and preparation:

(1) battle procedure takes place IAW
BTS 1001, ‘Battle Procedure’

(2) platoon commander must complete a
reconnaissance to determine:

(a) likely enemy lines of
withdrawal

(b) shape of the woods and
direction to clear it

(c) possible killing zones

(d) positions for cut off groups

(e) wind, if smoke is to be used

(3) well rehearsed drill which requires
minimum of orders and
reorganization must be used to
achieve the necessary speed

(4) the sweep must be thorough, so more
than one sweep in thick woods may
be necessary

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(5) the sweep should drive the enemy
into a killing zone outside the
wooded area, or force the enemy to
withdraw

b. deployment of cut off group(s):

(1) under platoon 2IC, move to
concealed positions using covered
approaches, to cover all exits from
the woods. APCs are used if
available, however their
vulnerability must be considered

(2) security teams can be employed on
exposed flanks to guard against their
being attacked while covering the
chosen killing zone

(3) they engage anyone emerging from
the woods before the success signal
is given

c. gaining a lodgment:

(1) remainder of platoon will use fire
and manoeuvre to gain entry into the
edge of the woods, by deliberate
attack if necessary. A mechanized
platoon remains mounted up to and
around the woods, when speed is
more important, then dismounts

(2) platoon reorganizes into sweep and
assault groups

(3) sweep group forms an extended line
across the front of the platoon, the
flanks of the group just inside the

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woodline

(4) the assault group remains one
tactical bound (as little as 15-20m in
thick woods) behind the centre of the
sweep group, ready to attack on
either flank

d. sweeping the woods:

(1) on the order to advance, the sweep
group moves forward by team fire
and movement, depending on the
ground, with the leading soldier
searching the ground while the team
partner observes and listens, looking
up into the trees

(2) the assault group focuses upward on
the trees for snipers and directional
mines, and to the rear

(3) the pace is as fast as the slowest
team

(4) if the sweep group has to halt, all
take up fire positions to observe and
listen

(5) cleared ground is observed by the
assault group

(6) flanks of the sweep group must
indicate progress to the cut off
groups by hand signal, but not to
expose themselves outside the
woodline

(7) when sweep group reaches the end
of the wood it must not emerge until

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success or the all clear signal is
given to the cut off groups

(8) all movement is as silent as possible

e. action on meeting the enemy:

(1) if engaged at very close range

(a) the portion of the sweep
group under effective fire
should rush the enemy
returning fire and, having
dealt with the enemy, take
cover in line, shout ‘Clear’
and observe

(b) meanwhile, the remainder of
the sweep group and the
assault group not under
effective fire take cover and
observe

(c) on hearing ‘Clear,’ the
platoon commander will order
the advance to continue

(2) if engaged beyond 30m:

(a) the entire sweep group takes
cover and those who can see
the enemy return fire

(b) the platoon commander will
order the assault group to
attack, or execute a platoon
attack

(c) the assault group attacks from
the centre towards one of the

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flanks in order to push the
enemy into a killing zone

(d) the platoon commander must:

i. resist the dislocation of
his sweeps

ii. limit each objective

iii. employ the assault
group against the
furthest enemy
positions

iv. ensure that constant
observation is
maintained

(3) the direction of fire must be
controlled to minimize fratricide

(4) grenades are only used if they can be
thrown accurately into a hole or
hollow and nearby soldiers are under
cover

(5) the wounded and PWs are to be
handed over to the assault group

f. consolidation:

(1) once the sweep group reaches and
clears the edge of the woods, the
success signal is given

(2) under the platoon commander, the
platoon moves to a pre-planned RV,
covered by the cut off group(s)

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(3) the cut off group(s) rejoins the
platoon at the RV

(4) the platoon consolidates IAW BTS
4305, ‘Consolidate’

(5) the platoon commander sends a
report to higher HQ

(6) continues the mission

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4007 C/D - AMBUSH

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company is directed to conduct an ambush along a
suspected enemy route. The enemy is suspected to be detachment or
section size. The enemy is operating along lines of communications or
avenues of approach, in detachment to company size units, and can be
reinforced with similar units, air support and indirect fire.

TASK STANDARD:

The ambush is set not later than the time specified in the order. The
specified purpose of the ambush is accomplished IAW the
commander’s intent. The platoon / company kills, captures, or destroys
enemy personnel / equipment during the ambush. The platoon /
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b. security element is alert and using all
available observation devices

c. radio silence is enforced.

11. When the security element detects the enemy, it
alerts the ambush commander:

a. as a minimum, the security element reports
the size of the enemy force, the direction of
movement, and any special weapons or
equipment carried

b. the security element commander alerts the
ambush upon receipt of the report

c. if the enemy is moving to attack the
ambush, the security element engages the
enemy. The ambush commander
manoeuvres the other elements, or employs
a reserve to deal with the enemy as required
and protect the remaining elements of the
ambush

d. if the enemy is too large, does not enter the
killing zone or has too many manoeuvre
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elements remaining outside the killing
zone, the ambush commander does not
initiate the ambush. If the enemy does not
detect the ambush site, the ambush
commander allows them to pass, reports the
force to the higher commander, and awaits
further orders

e. if any element of the ambush is detected, it
engages the enemy and alerts the ambush
commander

f. if the enemy enters the killing zone and
falls within the engagement criteria, the
ambush is initiated.

12. The ambush is executed:

a. the ambush commander initiates the
ambush or authorizes a subordinate to
initiate the ambush

b. the ambush is initiated with the largest
casualty-producing weapon available. If
ambushing mounted or armoured elements,
the ambush is initiated with multiple,
simultaneous anti-armour shots

c. assault and support elements deliver fire
with the heaviest, most accurate volume
possible

d. all weapons engage targets suitable to their
characteristics

e. the security element blocks any enemy
attempts to manoeuvre and engages, blocks
reinforcement of the enemy in the killing
zone, and blocks escape from the killing

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zone.

13. The ambush uses artillery and other indirect fire
support systems:

a. suppresses and kills the enemy

b. isolates the enemy by blocking
reinforcements

c. when resistance in the killing zone ends, the
ambush commander orders lifting or
shifting of all fire and prepares for the
assault on the target

d. on the ambush commander’s signal, the
support element lifts or shifts all supporting
fire IAW the ambush commander’s orders.

14. If applicable, IAW the order, SOP or ambush
commander’s signal, the assault element assaults into the
killing zone before the enemy can react effectively.

15. The ambush element withdraws from the ambush:

a. on order, or upon completion of action in
the killing zone, the assault element
withdraws to a designated ORV

b. the support element covers the withdrawal
of the assault element from the killing zone

c. the assault element accounts for all
personnel and reports to the ambush
commander

16. The ambush consolidates at the designated ORV,
collating and disseminating intelligence:

a. the ambush moves from the ORV as soon
as all elements report their personnel and
equipment accounted for to the ambush
commander

b. handle PWs IAW BTS 6004, ‘Handle PWs
and Detainees’

c. the ambush commander reports the results
of the ambush and status to the higher CP
IAW SOPs, or orders, and continues the
mission as directed by the higher
commander.

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4011 C - SUPPORT AN ATTACK ON A FORTIFIED POSITION

ELEMENT: PNR PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon is supporting a company, which has a mission to attack a
fortified position, and has designated support, breach, and assault
forces. The attack occurs in daylight or darkness under all weather
conditions. Protective obstacles require a dismounted assault.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon creates one lane per assaulting infantry platoon through
wire obstacles, and destroys fighting positions with demolitions to
maintain the momentum of the attack. Note: The initial breach of the
obstacle is performed by an infantry rifle section or platoon.

The platoon is attacking as part of a larger force and identifies enemy
in a trench system. The platoon commander determines that he has
sufficient combat power to manoeuvre and assault the trench system.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of the enemy in
its assigned section of the trench system.

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1. The platoon commander organizes the platoon to
clear the trench system:

a. designates an assault section and a fire base

b. designates the assault section to enter the
trench and secure a foothold

c. designates the entry point of the trench
system and the direction of movement once
the platoon begins clearing

d. informs the platoon 2IC to position the fire
base (personnel, machine guns, APCs) to
suppress the trench and isolate the entry
point

e. calls for artillery and smoke.

2. The assault section commander organizes the
assault section:

a. directs one fire group to assault and one fire

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group to support by fire initially, then
follow and support the assaulting fire group

b. designates the entry point of the trench
system.

3. The assault section commander orders the assault
section to conduct the assault:

a. moves the assault section to the last covered
and concealed position short of the entry
point

b. directs a fire group to shift fire away from
the entry point and continue to suppress
adjacent enemy positions or isolate the
trench as required

c. positions himself where he can best control
his groups

d. signals the assault group to enter the trench:

(1) the assault section commander and
half of the assault group remain in a
position short of the trench to add
suppressive fire for the initial entry

(2) two personnel of the assault group
continue toward the entry point.
They move in rushes or by crawling

(3) upon reaching the edge of the trench,
throw a grenade into the trench
system

(4) after ensuring that the grenade
detonates, the two personnel enter
the trench system. They fire their
weapons down the trench system in

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opposite directions

(5) immediately, they clear in opposite
directions until reaching the first
corner or intersection. Each soldier
halts and takes up a position to block
any enemy movement toward the
entry point

(6) the assault section commander
directs the remaining assault group
to one of the secured corners or
intersections to relieve the riflemen

(7) the assault section commander
remains at the entry point and reports
to the platoon commander that he
has entered the trench system and
secured a foothold

(8) marks the entry point.

4. The platoon commander follows the success of the
seizure of the foothold with the remainder of the platoon:

a. reorganizes the sections, as necessary

b. redistributes the ammunition.

5. The platoon commander directs one of the fire
base sections to move into the trench system and begin
clearing in the direction of movement from the foothold:

controls the actions of his section as it passes the section
securing the foothold:

a. designates a lead fire group and a trail fire
group

b. moves with the lead fire group to the
forward most secure corner or intersection
and tells the securing group that his section
is ready to pass through and continue
clearing

c. ensures the trail fire group follows and
maintains visual contact with the last
soldier of the lead group. Note: Throughout
this technique, the group commander
positions himself at the rear of the fire
group to have direct control (physically, if
necessary) of his personnel. Other
personnel in the fire group rotate the lead.
Personnel rotate the lead to change
magazines and prepare grenades. Rotating
the lead provides constant suppressive fires
down the trench and maintains the
momentum of the attack as the section
clears the trench system

d. passes the lead group through the element
securing the foothold.

7. The lead fire group starts clearing in the direction
of movement:

a. moves to the next corner, the second
rifleman throws a grenade around the
corner

b. moves around the corner as a group after
the grenade explodes, following the lead

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soldier to the next corner or intersection.

8. The section commander follows behind the lead
fire group:

a. ensures that the trailing fire group moves up
and is ready to pass the lead at his direction

b. rotates the fire groups as necessary to keep
the soldiers alert and to maintain the
momentum of the attack

c. requests indirect fires, if necessary, through
the platoon commander

d. ensures the trailing fire group secures
intersections and marks the route within the
trench as the section moves forward

e. reports the progress of the clearing to the
platoon commander.

9. The platoon commander controls and supports the
progress of the clearing action:

a. rotates sections to keep personnel alert and
to maintain the momentum of the assault

b. calls the platoon 2IC to forward
ammunition resupply and to organize
groups to move it into the trench

c. ensures the platoon 2IC moves friendly
forces into the trench only through the
designated entry point

d. reports to the company commander that the
trench system is secured, or that his platoon
is no longer able to continue clearing.

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I4072 C - CLEAR BUNKER

ELEMENT: PLATOON

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

While moving as a part of a larger force, the platoon identifies the
enemy in a bunker complex. The platoon is ordered to secure and clear
a portion of the bunker complex. The platoon and enemy elements
have indirect fire available.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon destroys the designated bunker by killing, capturing, or
forcing the withdrawal of the enemy in the bunker.

b. the platoon commander, moves forward to
link-up with the section commander of the
lead section in contact:

(1) uses a covered and concealed route

(2) directs the platoon 2IC to move
forward to provide a fire base

(3) calls for and adjusts indirect fire on
the enemy position.

2. If not engaged, the platoon commander makes an
estimate of the situation to determine where the platoon
can manoeuvre:

a. identifies enemy bunkers, other supporting

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positions, and any obstacles

b. determines the size of the enemy force (the
number of enemy automatic weapons, the
presence of any vehicles, and the
employment of indirect fire are indicators
of enemy strength)

c. identifies a vulnerable flank of at least one
bunker

d. identifies a covered and concealed route to
the flank of that bunker.

3. The platoon commander determines which bunker
is to be assaulted first:

a. directs one section not in contact to knock
out the bunker using anti-armour weapons

b. instructs the fire base to reposition the fire
base to isolate the next bunker and continue
suppressive fire

c. accompanies assault section.

4. The fire base begins to suppress the enemy:

a. destroys or suppresses enemy crew-served
weapons first

b. obscures the enemy position with smoke

c. sustains suppressive fire

d. shifts indirect fire as the platoon continues.

5. The assault section commander leads the assault
section against the bunker:

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a. moves along a covered and concealed route

b. approaches the bunker from its blind side
and does not mask the fire of the fire base

c. constantly watches for other bunkers or
enemy positions in support of it

d. conducts the assault upon reaching the last
covered and concealed position:

(1) directs a fire group and the automatic
rifleman to remain in place and add
their fires to suppress the bunker
(includes the use of SRAAW (L) and
(H))

(2) the section commander positions
himself where he can best control his
groups. On the section commander's
signal, the fire group lifts fire or
shifts fire to the opposite side of the
bunker from the assaulting group's
approach

(3) the assault group continues to move
forward to the blind side of the
bunker. One soldier takes up a
covered position near the exit, while
the other soldier posts a grenade
through an aperture

(4) after the grenade detonates, the
soldier covering the exit enters the
bunker, firing short bursts, to destroy
the enemy. (The soldier who posts
the grenade should not be the first
one to clear the bunker)

(5) the section commander inspects the

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bunker to ensure that it has been
destroyed and marked. He reports,
reorganizes as needed, and continues
the mission.

6. The platoon follows the success of the attack
against the bunker:

a. continues the attack of other bunkers as
directed by the platoon commander

b. shifts indirect fire as the platoon continues.

7. The platoon commander directs the repositioning
of the fire base:

a. continues to isolate and suppress the
remaining bunkers

b. maintains suppressive fire.

8. The platoon commander reorganizes the platoon
to maintain the momentum of the attack:

a. redesignates one of the fire base sections to
move up, and seize or destroy the next
bunker, or

b. directs the assaulting section to continue
and seek out the next bunker. Note: The
platoon commander must consider the
condition of the assaulting section
(ammunition and exhaustion) and rotate
sections as necessary

c. ensures the assaulting section follows the
same procedures listed above when
knocking out the next bunker.

9. The platoon commander directs the actions of the

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platoon once it has cleared its assigned portion of the
bunker complex:

a. reports to the company commander

b. reorganizes as necessary IAW BTS 4305,
‘Consolidate’

c. passes another platoon from the company
through to continue the attack as required

d. prepares to continue the mission.

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I4073 C/D

I4073 C/D - CONDUCT AIRMOBLIE OPERATIONS

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company is required to conduct an airmobile operation
in any phase of war. Both friendly and enemy forces have available
indirect fire and close air support (CAS) available. Enemy air defence,
NBC, and EW threats exist. Air parity exists.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company successfully plans and prepares to participate
in an airmobile operation within the time specified in orders. Platoon /
company personnel and equipment are prepared for movement at the
time and place specified. The platoon / company loads the aircraft at
the pick-up zone (PZ) and sufficient numbers of commanders,
personnel, and key equipment arrive at the landing zone (LZ) in order
to accomplish the mission.

11. The commanders ensure the soldiers dismount the
aircraft after it lands:

a. prevent soldiers from jumping from a
hovering helicopter until directed to do so
by a member of the aircraft crew

b. move the personnel out about 20 meters
from the side of the aircraft and assume
prone firing positions, facing outward.

c. watch for enemy and wait for aircraft to
leave

d. move to the assigned positions to provide
all-round security

e. evacuate any casualties that occur, on
departing aircraft.

12. Ground tactical phase:

a. the assault echelon secures the LZ if it is
not already secured by pathfinders or fire
support, or an alternate site must be

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selected

b. H hour begins at which time the first
helicopter of the assault echelon lands

c. sufficient troops arrive to accomplish the
mission

d. if an assault is required, it is done quickly
to retain surprise

e. use is made of fire support to neutralize all
threats

f. action at the objective is completed IAW
the applicable BTS, usually a raid at the
company level

g. once the objective is secured, the platoon /
company must either consolidate, prepare
for the defence, conduct a link-up, or be
extracted IAW orders.

13. The platoon / company proceeds with its mission
IAW orders.

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I4074 B

I4074 B - CONDUCT SNIPER MISSION

ELEMENT: SNIPER TEAM

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The sniper team is given a specific mission (target criteria and
priority), either by a supporting unit or by acting independently. The
sniper team must move, observe, select, and destroy a target within
300-800m of the target area. Both friendly and enemy units have
indirect and close air support (CAS) available.

TASK STANDARD:

The sniper team moves undetected along a specified route, arriving at
a specified time and location. The team occupies a firing position
undetected. The sniper team observes, selects, and destroys the target
within two rounds. The sniper team sustains no casualties.

4. The sniper team identifies the following priority
targets that will limit the enemy’s fighting ability:

a. enemy sniper

b. officers, both military and political

c. NCMs

d. reconnaissance team

e. crew-served weapon personnel

f. vehicle commanders and drivers

g. communication personnel

h. forward observers

i. critical equipment such as optical sights or
radios.

5. The sniper team selects a final firing position that
has:

a. maximum fields of firing and observation
of the target area

b. maximum concealment from enemy
observation

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c. covered routes into and out of the position

d. not closer than 300m to the target

e. a natural or man-made obstacle, if
available, between the sniper team and the
target area

6. Maintain operations security by avoiding:

a. roads and trails

b. prominent features

c. objects that make noise

d. optical devices that may reflect light

e. leaving a path

f. tracking traps.

7. The sniper team occupies and operates from a
position by:

a. using shadows

b. using camouflage

c. moves into the position undetected

d. scans ahead and watches for overhead
movement

e. keeps the body outline low to the ground

f. organizes the equipment

g. establishes a system of observation and
relief.

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8. The sniper team selects the priority targets to be
engaged:

a. selects the target that is critical to the
mission

b. does not become a target while searching
for or firing on an enemy target

c. estimates range from the target between
300 to 800m

d. engages the target or continues to observe.

9. The sniper team engages the target:

a. adjusts for wind

b. adjusts the scope on the target

c. sniper fires

d. watches the swirl and the strike of the
round

e. adjusts if necessary and engages again
within five seconds

f. engages subsequent targets if undetected.

10. The sniper team continues with the mission or
executes an extraction plan.

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4101 B/C/D

DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS
4101 B/C/D - DEFEND

ELEMENT: SECT / PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The enemy is expected to attack mounted or dismounted with forces
up to battalion strength supported by attack helicopters, indirect fire
and close air support, but not until at least 18 hours after receipt of the
battle group orders. The enemy can be reinforced with up to company
size units. Enemy reconnaissance elements can be expected to gain
information on the element’s activities. The element is defending
battle positions as part of a larger force area defence, or is assigned a
separate sector in a mobile defence. The element will receive
information provided by covering troops.

TASK STANDARD:

The element completes all preparations directed by the higher
commander no later than the time specified in orders. The element
decisively engages the enemy. The element destroys, blocks, delays,
or canalizes the enemy into the destruction area IAW orders. The
element denies and prevents penetration of specified boundaries or
terrain.

j. read in conjunction with BTS 2002,
‘Engage Targets with Main and Secondary
Armament,’ the element commander
coordinates the direct and indirect fire plans
with the higher commander, flanking units,
and FC (if possible), including adjusted
targets forward of positions (when
adjustment will not jeopardize surprise) and
predicted targets within and behind the

The platoon / company has been given an order to provide a reserved
demolition guard at a critical site in the Authorized Commander’s
area. (Since reserved demolitions are not normally established at battle
group level, the platoon / company will not necessarily establish the
demolition guard in its parent battle group’s sector). The enemy force
will consist of a reinforced tank or motor rifle battalion and / or a
heliborne force, each with the specific mission of seizing the reserved
demolition site. The enemy will not engage the platoon / company
until at least 18 hours after receipt of orders. The platoon / company
has been provided with a completed DND 913 Demolition Order. The
platoon / company has up to an engineer platoon / section under
TACOM to both prepare the demolition to State 1 (SAFE) and to
provide the demolition firing party. The engineers have sufficient
quantities of explosives and accessories to prepare the demolition.
Refugees, stragglers, enemy saboteurs, and the international press are
present in the area of operations.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company prevents the enemy from seizing the
demolition site intact, or destroying it prematurely, until ordered to
execute the reserved demolition orders.
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f. establishes control points on both sides of
the reserved demolition to monitor, control,
and inform the demolition guard
commander on the passage of friendly
units. Refer to BTS 5009, ‘Establish a
Roadblock / Checkpoint.’

2. The platoon / company commander and the FOO
coordinate direct and indirect fire support for the

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mission.

3. The platoon / company prepares for the
demolition guard task:

a. sets mines and obstacles IAW the
commander’s plan to disrupt and block
enemy movement to include enemy divers

b. marks all lanes through the obstacles

c. ensures establishment of demolition firing
points, a main and an alternate on the
friendly side, an alternate on the enemy side
and others as required by the enemy
situation, ground, resources, time available,
etc

d. plan and conduct rehearsals.

4. The platoon / company commander coordinates
the demolition guard:

a. compares individual copy of the DND 913
Demolition Order with that of the
demolition firing party commander to
ensure it is correct and complete

b. exchanges information with adjacent
commanders on OP locations, patrols, unit
signals, enemy routes into the area, terrain
and facilities available in the area/lanes
through the obstacles

c. places recovery and evacuation assets near
and on the friendly side of the reserved
demolition to assist in keeping route clear

d. prepares a succession of command for the
demolition guard and ensures that a

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succession of command is also prepared for
the firing party

e. ensures communications are maintained
with the Authorized Commander.

5. The platoon / company executes the demolition
guard mission:

a. defends the reserved demolition

b. controls the flow of vehicles and personnel
to ensure the reserved demolition does not
become congested

c. moves units and refugees to designated
holding areas to prevent massing at the
reserved demolition.

6. Demolition guard commander directs demolition
of the reserved demolition upon receipt of the order:

a. notifies the firing party commander of the
receipt of the order

b. warns friendly units in the area of imminent
firing

c. withdraws elements to the friendly side
before firing. (The commander may leave
some elements on the enemy side until after
firing. These elements may be required to
continue to provide security until the
demolition is fired. The platoon / company
commander must plan for their withdrawal
after detonation, eg. by assault boat)

f. the firing party commander inspects the
reserved demolition to ensure it is
completely destroyed and advises the
demolition guard commander accordingly

g. reports the completion of the mission to the
Authorized Commander.

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4103 C

4103 C - DEFEND IN A BUILT-UP AREA

ELEMENT: PLATOON

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon is operating as a part of a larger defending force in a built-
up area and is preparing to defend against a mounted enemy force,
which has armour in support. Both friendly and enemy units have
indirect fire support available. The platoon will have the required
support weapons, appropriate defensive stores and specialized
equipment to carry out its task. This will normally include Engineer /
Pioneer support and may include the support of tanks. Appropriate
rules of engagement are in effect. Further mission-specific conditions
may be applied as deemed relevant.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon completes all required defensive preparations within the
time specified in the operation order and operations security is
maintained throughout. The platoon successfully defeats, blocks
delays or forces the withdrawal of the enemy force (of proportionate
size) in accordance with the commander's intent. The platoon prevents
any significant penetration within its boundaries, which will threaten
the higher commander's plan and impede freedom of action. Rules of
engagement are adhered to.

a. conducting a detailed terrain analysis, with
due consideration given to the three-
dimensional aspects of applicable criteria
including:

(1) avenues of approach

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(2) fields of fire and observation

(3) obstacles

(4) cover and concealment

(5) manoeuvre and mobility

(6) fire hazard

(7) command and control

(8) key terrain

b. ensuring that effective command, control
and coordination measures are established

c. providing for adequate protection,
dispersion, mutual support and early
warning of fighting positions

d. establishing killing zones, open fire policy
and engagement priorities in accordance
with the operation order and / or
commander's intent

e. establishing the requirement for, and
provision of barriers and obstacles

f. establishing a counter-attack plan

g. establishing a withdrawal plan in
accordance with the commander's intent

h. conducting liaison with flanking elements
specifically to coordinate and / or establish
responsibility for overlapping enemy
avenues of approach

i. providing for ammunition resupply

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j. providing for the handling of casualties,
prisoners of war, and non-combatants.

2. The platoon commander establishes security of
the area and positions the sub-elements including support
weapons. Specific arcs responsibility, including
alternates, are assigned to element and support weapon
commanders.

3. The platoon command post is positioned in a
covered and concealed area and an observation post is
established where the platoon commander can observe,
control and influence the battle.

4. The platoon commander ensures that the
occupation and development of the defensive position /
strong point is completed on time and in accordance with
the operation order, special consideration is given to:

a. establishing security through maintenance
of an appropriate state of alert, observation,
early warning and patrolling procedures

a. immediate counter-attack of enemy
penetration of strong point(s) before the
enemy becomes established

b. identification and maintenance of routes
including marking as necessary

c. day and night rehearsals

d. fighting position reinforcement options.

7. The withdrawal plan is developed IAW the
commander's intent. Considerations include:

a. plans for the destruction of buildings and /
or denial of equipment in accordance with
the operation order

b. identification and maintenance of routes
including marking as necessary

c. order of march

d. day and night rehearsals.

8. The platoon commander plans and coordinates
indirect fires to support the platoon defence. Likely
enemy avenues of approach, barriers, obstacles,
counterattack and withdrawal plans are taken into
account. Defensive fire targets are registered as security,
ammunition and authority permit.

9. The defensive battle is conducted IAW the

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operation order and commander's intent. Actions include:

a. maintenance of positive command and
control by element commanders

b. maintenance of communications with the
higher headquarters including the provision
of situation reports when warranted and / or
requested

c. use of direct and indirect fire to separate the
enemy fighting vehicles from dismounted
personnel providing security for the
vehicles in accordance with the open fire
policy and engagement priorities. Positive
control of fire is maintained

d. execution of the barrier plan to impede and
canalize enemy vehicles and personnel into
killing zones

e. employment of smoke to blind vehicle
crews

f. movement of sub-elements, under the
direction of the platoon commander,
between primary and alternate positions to
complete the destruction or expulsion of the
enemy force

b. the platoon status and tactical situation are
reported to the higher HQ IAW SOPs

c. fighting positions, barriers and obstacles are
restored as necessary

d. security and patrolling activities resume

e. casualties are treated and evacuated

f. ammunition is redistributed and resupply is
requested as required

g. the defence continues until a change of
mission is received.

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4103 D

4103 D - DEFEND IN A BUILT-UP AREA

ELEMENT: COMPANY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The company is operating as a part of a larger defending force in a
built-up area. The enemy is expected to attack with mounted and / or
dismounted forces up to battalion strength, supported by indirect fire
and close air support. The company will have the required support
weapons, appropriate defensive stores and specialized equipment to
carry out its task. This will normally include Engineer / Pioneer
support and may include the support of tanks. Appropriate rules of
engagement are in effect. Further mission-specific conditions may be
applied as deemed relevant.

TASK STANDARD:

The company completes all required defensive preparations within the
time specified in the operation order and operations security is
maintained throughout. The company successfully defeats, blocks,
delays or forces the withdrawal of the enemy force in accordance with
the commander's intent. The company prevents and significant
penetration within its boundaries which will threaten the higher
commander's plan and impede freedom of action. The company retains
sufficient combat power to remain effective for follow-on operations.
Rules of engagement are adhered to.

c. selecting positions which address the most
dangerous threat and which exploit enemy
weaknesses

d. Providing for adequate protection, depth,
dispersion, mutual support and early
warning of defensive position / strong
points(s)

e. establishing killing zones, open fire policy
and engagement priorities in accordance
with the operation order and / or
commander's intent

f. establishing the surveillance and target
acquisition plan

g. establishing the requirement for, and

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provision of barriers and obstacles

h. establishing a counter-attack plan

i. establishing a withdrawal plan in
accordance with the commander's intent

j. conducting liaison with flanking elements
specifically to coordinate and / or establish
responsibility for overlapping enemy
avenues of approach

k. providing for adequate resupply
arrangements

l. providing for the handling of casualties,
prisoners of war, and non-combatants.

2. The company establishes defence of the area. The
company commander positions the platoons, integral
support weapons and attached elements, and assigns
specific arcs of responsibility including alternates.

3. The company command post is positioned in a
covered and concealed area and an observation post is
established where the company commander can observe,
control and influence the battle.

4. The company commander ensures that the
occupation and development of the defensive position /
strong point(s) is completed on time and IAW the
operation order. Special consideration is given to:

a. establishing security through maintenance
of an appropriate state of alert, observation,
early warning and patrolling procedures

b. establishing the priority or work

c. establishing line communications between

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the sub-elements and the company
command post

d. ensuring adequate protection of each
fighting position

e. ensuring that positions are sited in depth
and are mutually supporting

5. The company commander ensures that barriers are
constructed and obstacles are emplaced to deny the
enemy access to streets, underground passages and
buildings, including rooftop. Barriers and obstacles must
be covered by fire and / or observation.

6. The company commander develops the counter-
attack plan. A reserve force is identified, task-organized
and armed appropriately. Considerations include:

a. immediate counter-attack of enemy
penetration of strong point(s) before the
enemy becomes established

b. fighting position reinforcement options

c. identification and maintenance of routes
including marking as necessary

d. day and night rehearsals.

7. The company may be tasked as the centrally
located mobile reserve of the higher unit. Considerations
in this case include:

a. plans for counter-attack in assigned priority

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b. plans for reinforcement options

c. identification and maintenance of routes
including marking as necessary

d. coordination with adjacent units regarding
the exchange of plans and intended use of
routes

e. day and night rehearsals.

8. The withdrawal plan is developed IAW the
commander's intent. Considerations include:

a. plans for the destruction of buildings and /
or denial of equipment IAW the operation
order

b. identification and maintenance of routes
including marking as necessary

c. order of march

d. day and night rehearsals.

9. The company commander plans and coordinates
indirect fires to support the company defence. Likely
enemy avenues of approach, barriers, obstacles, counter-
attack and withdrawal plans are taken into account.
Defensive fire targets are registered as security,
ammunition and authority permit.

10. The defensive battle is conducted IAW the
operation order and commander's intent. Actions include:

a. maintenance of positive command and
control by element commanders

b. maintenance of communications with the
higher HQ including the provision of

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situation reports when warranted and / or
requested

c. use of direct and indirect fire to separate the
enemy fighting vehicles from dismounted
personnel providing security for the
vehicles IAW the open fire policy and
engagement priorities. Positive control of
fire is maintained

d. execution of the barrier plan to impede and
canalize enemy vehicles and personnel into
killing zones

e. employment of smoke to blind vehicle
crews

f. movement of sub-elements, under the
direction of the company commander,
between primary and alternate positions to
complete the destruction or expulsion of the
enemy force

b. the company status and tactical situation are
reported to the higher HQ IAW SOPs

c. defensive positions, barriers and obstacles
are restored as necessary

d. security and patrolling activities resume

e. casualties are treated and evacuated

f. resupply is carried out as required

g. the defence continues until a change of
mission is received.

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DELAY
4201 C/D - DELAY

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company is part of a larger force and participates in a
mission to delay. The higher commander’s intent is to obtain
maximum delay of the enemy while maintaining freedom of
manoeuvre. The enemy is up to a motor rifle battalion in size, and is
supported by air and indirect fire resources. The delaying force will
have 12 hours to deploy and prepare for the operation. The orders will
include the minimum length of time the platoon must delay for, or the
percentage of the force that must be preserved, the break clean line
and the handover line. The platoon will have access to information
provided by covering troops. This BTS should be read in conjunction
with BTS 3002, ‘Screen’ and BTS 4202, ‘Guard.’

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company delays the enemy for the specified time within
the designated boundaries, or sustains no more that the designated
percent casualties. The platoon / company maintains contact with the
enemy and does not become decisively engaged.
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h. the remainder of the platoon / company
provides fire support for the disengaging
element

i. the delaying action continues until the
platoon / company reaches the final delay

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position or the mission is altered by the
higher HQ

j. the platoon / company is not decisively
engaged or bypassed

k. the required amount of delay is imposed.

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4202 C/D - GUARD

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company is part of a larger force and participates in a
guard operation for a specified period of time. It is deployed forward
of a designated phase line. A reconnaissance of the area between the
main body and the guard force has been conducted. The guard force is
in place. Enemy reconnaissance elements are trying to locate the main
body. Both the enemy and guard force have indirect fire support
available. This BTS should be read in conjunction with BTS 3002,
‘Screen,’ and BTS 4201, ‘Delay.’

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company protects the main body from surprise and
direct fire from the enemy. It causes premature deployment and
attrition of attacking enemy forces. It does not withdraw to subsequent
positions without higher authority. The platoon / company inflicts
maximum casualties on the enemy reconnaissance elements, and does
not become decisively engaged.
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a. the platoon / company commander develops
control measures in support of the platoon /
company’s guard task

b. defensive positions are planned to block the
most likely approaches

c. the defence or delay is organized using the
advantages of terrain and weapon systems

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capabilities

d. the use of artillery and smoke is planned
and requested.

2. The platoon / company maintains continuous
observation over its area of operation, and engages the
enemy:

a. platoon / company elements observe in
their designated sectors

b. OPs report all observed enemy activity
IAW SOPs or orders

c. night observation devices are used during
limited visibility

d. aggressive patrolling is conducted

e. causes enemy to deploy early

f. subjects the enemy to heavy casualties

g. destroys enemy reconnaissance

h. is prepared to assist in a forward passage of
lines for a counterattack force from the
main body IAW higher orders

i. denies the enemy the ability to engage the
main body with direct fire

j. withdraws to successive positions on order
from higher authority

k. provides the main body with reaction time
and determines the enemy’s disposition

l. continually updates the main body on the

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enemy situation.

3. The platoon / company continually updates the
main body on the enemy situation.

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TRANSITIONAL OPERATIONS
4301 B/C/D - ADVANCE TO CONTACT

ELEMENT: SECT / PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The element is part of a higher unit, and is ordered to conduct an
advance to contact. Contact with the enemy has been broken, or has
not yet been established.

TASK STANDARD:

The element advances no later than the time specified in orders. Once
contact is made, the element maintains contact and takes action IAW
orders. The element maintains sufficient combat power to conduct
follow-on operations IAW the commander’s intent.

6. The element takes subsequent action IAW its
assigned mission until the enemy is destroyed, or until
ordered to do otherwise.

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4302 C/D - PASSAGE OF LINES

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The element is required to conduct, or assist in, a passage of lines as
either the moving or in-place force. Orders have specified a time when
the passage is to be completed. For a forward passage of lines, the
force in place will secure the line of departure (LD).

TASK STANDARD:

As the moving force, the element: moves all personnel and equipment
through the in-place force no later than the specified time; does not
sustain casualties from friendly fire or obstacles; and, does not disrupt
the in-place force.

As the in-place force, the element: supports the moving unit in
completing the passage of lines within the time specified in orders;
and, provides security to ensure neither unit is surprised by the enemy.

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The commander receives orders and immediately
begins planning and coordinating for a passage of lines:

a. the moving and in-place force commanders
or their representatives meet and arrange
for a time and location for coordinating the
passage

b. the commander or representative
coordinates a reconnaissance.

2. The commanders or their representatives
exchange pertinent information, including:

a. unit identification

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b. size of the unit

c. timings

d. area of operation

e. terrain information

f. known or suspected enemy locations

g. likely enemy killing zones

h. latest enemy activity

i. detailed information on friendly positions

j. obstacle locations

k. fire plan details

l. support the in-place force can provide, such
as fire support, guides, communications and
a reaction force

a. the moving force commander or his
representative completes the final
coordination with the in-place force
commander or his representative

b. the moving force begins movement on time
and utilizes the attack position only if
necessary

c. both commanders make timely decisions
during the passage and facilitate battle
handover

d. moving force elements link up with guides
and are led through the passage to the
release point(s)

e. the moving force moves forward through
the release point(s)

f. guides identify and account for all elements

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passing through the check points and
release point(s)

g. sections / platoons are counted through the
release point(s) by a moving force
representative

h. moving force representatives confirm
passwords and tell the guides the number of
elements in each section / platoon and how
long to wait at the release point(s)

i. movement is continuous throughout the
passage

j. moving force representative remains at the
release point(s) until the commander
indicates that he will not have to withdraw

k. when moving force elements have used
separate routes, the moving force may
reform by linking up

l. the moving force continues the mission.

8. Prepare for rearward passage of lines:

a. the commander of the in-place force
designates the contact point for
coordination

b. at the prescribed time, liaison parties from
the two forces meet and exchange
information.

9. Liaison teams coordinate and verify information:

a. exchange enemy information

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b. exchange recognition signals, and CEOIs

c. make provision for and place guides

d. estimate time of main body arrival and the
number and type of vehicles to pass

e. coordinates time or event of battle handover

f. exchange information on minefields and
other obstacles

g. coordinate primary and alternate routes

h. exchange information on supporting direct /
indirect fire.

10. Conducts a rearward passage of lines:

a. after verification that the passage points are
occupied, liaison parties make contact at
each passage point

b. the moving force passes in order of A
echelon, combat support elements, and
sections / platoons

c. additional combat power may be given to
the in-place force in the form of any of the
element’s attachments or integral specialist
elements

d. the in-place force is notified that friendly
forces are at the battle handover line and
are en route to the passage point(s) (the
battle handover line should be far enough
forward to allow the moving unit to move
into column, yet close enough to permit
support by units along the forward edge of

k. the moving force reports to the in-place
force any tactical information concerning
the in-place commander’s area of
responsibility.

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4304 D - BYPASS

ELEMENT: COMPANY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The company performs a tactical move as part of transitional
operation. The company encounters an enemy motor rifle platoon (+)
in a strongpoint as part of a security force, or as a flank or rear guard.
The superior commander’s concept requires rapid continuation of the
movement and permits bypassing. Bypass routes are available.

TASK STANDARD:

The company bypasses the enemy. The enemy is fixed. It cannot
manoeuvre against the company, withdraw, or cause sufficient
casualties to prevent the company from carrying on its mission. Less
than two platoons are used to fix the enemy.

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The platoon commander issues a radio order:

a. as soon as possible after initial contact

b. designates one or more platoons to fix the
enemy. If more than one platoon is
designated, an overall commander is
appointed

c. assigns bypass routes that provide
protection from enemy anti-armour
weapons and an order of march for each
route

d. plans reconnaissance and security of the
bypass routes before commitment of the
main body

e. specifies instructions to the fixing force to
rejoin the company on a signal or event, or
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to become attached to follow-on units.

2. The company fixes the enemy with the designated
fixing force to prevent manoeuvre against the company,
withdrawal or effective direct fire on the company.

3. Company (-) bypasses:

a. company (-) bypasses

b. bypass is completed within a specified
timeframe

c. company resumes tactical movement

d. the enemy force remains fixed.

4. The fixing force passes information to the follow-
on force designated to destroy the enemy, to include a
recommended fire base, assembly area and attack
position.

5. The fixing force links-up with the follow on force,
or rejoins the company IAW the orders.

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4305 C/D - CONSOLIDATE

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company has assaulted and seized an objective, or
repelled an attack. Enemy forces have withdrawn and / or remain on
the objective, but are scattered and disorganized. Note that this BTS is
an evaluation tool for Section Battle Drill Seven and Platoon Battle
Drill Three, which could be performed under a section, platoon, or
company setting.

TASK STANDARD:

All remaining enemy resistance on or close to the objective is
destroyed or captured. The platoon / company is prepared to repel an
enemy counterattack. Command and control are maintained, security
is established, key positions are filled, casualties are treated and
evacuated, damaged equipment is recovered and ammunition and
supplies are redistributed and replenished. The platoon / company is
prepared to continue operations.
NPrac
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c. marks all obstacle breaches and hazards to
facilitate the movement of follow on forces.

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4306 C/D - INFILTRATE

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The infiltration is part of a higher commander’s concept of operations
and plan. The platoon / company must move by stealth from its
assembly area to its attack position in an enemy occupied area. It may
be required to assault and hold its position until a link-up can be
effected, or it may be directed to assault and subsequently withdraw
(raid).

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company moves through the enemy area avoiding
decisive engagement and reaches the objective without the enemy
determining the size of the friendly force.

NPrac
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The platoon / company commander plans the
infiltration:

a. selected covered primary and alternate
routes

b. establishes checkpoints

c. designates RVs that are easily identifiable

d. routes avoid built-up areas and areas
occupied or covered (or suspected to be
occupied and covered) by enemy elements

The platoon is ordered to link-up with another friendly force in enemy
controlled territory. The HQ directing the link-up establishes the
boundaries, restricted fire lines (RFL) axis of advance, general linkup
point, chain of command, and other control / coordinating measures.
Platoon size enemy elements are operating in the area.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon links up at the time and place specified, and receives no
casualties from friendly fire.

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. Based on an estimate of the situation, the platoon
commander develops a link-up plan:

c. develops actions at the link-up point and
tasks for subordinate section commanders

d. constructs contingency plans in the event of
enemy contact before, during and after link-
up

e. identifies tentative primary and alternate
link-up sites by map reconnaissance if the
link-up sites have not been designated by
the higher HQ. Sites are easy to recognize,
have cover and concealment, and are

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defendable / securable

f. provides multiple access and escape routes.

2. The platoon commander coordinates and obtains
pertinent information from the link-up force:

b. the stationary force guides alert the main
body before guiding the moving force to the
stationary force

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c. the stationary force guides direct the
moving force into its assigned sector of the
defensive perimeter

d. the moving force commander coordinates
with the stationary force commander and
assigns tasks and sectors to his sections
based on the coordination.

8. The linked up forces continue the mission under
command of the commander designated by the higher
HQ:

a. the designated commander for the entire
force establishes and clarifies the chain of
command

b. the higher HQ is sent a report of link-up
completion.

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4308 B/C/D - MOVE TACTICALLY

ELEMENT: SECT / PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The element is operating as part of a larger force and has been ordered
to move cross-country, by road or a combination of both. The element
is not in contact, but contact is possible. The route along which the
element is to move has not been secured by any other force.

TASK STANDARD:

The element moves on the specified route IAW orders, and enemy
contact does not disrupt the move, or detract from the element’s
effectiveness. All relevant information (terrain, obstacles, priority
intelligence requirements, etc) is reported. The element minimizes
exposure to the enemy, maintains all-round security, and meets
prescribed timings.
NPrac
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c. selects route that provides adequate cover
and concealment (unless the route is
designated in orders) and that permits the
element to meet prescribed timings

d. specifies use of waypoints and / or GPS to
assist in navigation, if applicable

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e. coordinates movement across boundaries if
crossing into another unit’s area

f. coordinates air defence coverage for the
move

g. identifies if a change of NBC posture will
be required

h. determines order of march, movement type
and formation that will provide the best
combination of all round security and speed

i. assumes a position from which the combat
team can be most effectively commanded.

2. The element:

a. makes best use of the terrain to minimize
exposure to the enemy

b. uses most effective movement type,
formations and positioning of key weapon
systems to maintain all round security and
speed

c. maintains correct interval and lateral
dispersion

d. employs planned control measures and
visual signals

e. employs air sentries

f. monitors status and location of friendly
forces and disseminates information as
necessary

g. IAW orders, establishes and maintains

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contact with friendly units.

3. The element takes appropriate action at halts:

a. assumes dispersed positions under cover

b. establishes security

c. checks weapons, equipment and performs
maintenance

d. conducts resupply when appropriate.

4. The element takes appropriate action at
unscheduled halts during tactical movement on roads and
trails:

a. clears route

b. establishes local security

c. determines the cause of the halt

d. reports unscheduled halt to the commander
with as much information as possible about
the reason for the halt

e. eliminates the cause of the halt, if possible

f. continues the move when directed by the
commander or as soon as possible

g. if applicable, appropriate actions are taken
when vehicles become disabled:

(1) disabled vehicles are moved off the
road, if possible, so that they do not
block traffic

(2) guides are posted to direct traffic

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around the vehicle(s), if necessary

(3) ensures local security and radio
watch are established

(4) IAW unit SOPs, reports status of the
disabled vehicle(s) to the
commander

(5) repairs are conducted within
capability and the vehicle(s) rejoin
the rear of the column.

5. Upon encountering natural and artificial obstacles,
the element adopts the following procedure:

a. Warning – the element commander
attempts to gain as much information about
the obstacle as early as possible through
higher reconnaissance. If this is not
available, lead elements report the obstacle

b. Security – under cover, the element moves
into positions of fire and observation.
Maximum use is made of available sensors
to observe the obstacle and surrounding
terrain

c. Reconnaissance – the element commander
moves into position to observe the obstacle
and surrounding area. Speculative fire, if
authorized and appropriate, is employed on
suspected enemy positions

6. The element bypasses or breaches the obstacle
IAW held-up / contact drills on encountering a natural or

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

artificial obstacle:

a. the element searches for existing bypass
locations

b. if the enemy is detected, it is engaged with
anti-armour and indirect fire in an attempt
to destroy it or force it to withdraw

c. if the enemy cannot be destroyed or forced
to withdraw, it is picketed

d. if a bypass location is found, those portions
of the element not in supporting positions
move to and secure the bypass. Once the
bypass is secure, the element passes
through as quickly as possible, an continues
its move

e. if a bypass location cannot be found, the
element takes the following course of
action:

(1) if no enemy force has been detected,
or has withdrawn, the element takes
necessary action to secure the
obstacle and moves through it in a
manner which minimizes the risk to
indirect fire or, if necessary,
breaches the obstacle IAW Cbt Tm
BTS 4303, ‘Breach Obstacles,’ or

The platoon / company has been given the order to move and occupy
an assembly area, harbour, or hide. The platoon / company is given a
general area and allowed to select the exact location of the assembly
area, harbour, or hide. Resupply and maintenance support are
available. The enemy has the capability to perform section and platoon
level probes supported by indirect fire and close air support (CAS).
This platoon / company can be mounted or dismounted.

TASK STANDARD:

The reconnaissance party completes preparations and guides the
platoon / company main body into their respective positions no later
than the time specified in orders. OPSEC is maintained. The platoon /
company completes preparation as detailed by the commander no later
than the time specified.

Note: The following sub-tasks and standards do not necessarily apply
to the same degree for assembly areas / harbours / hides. The degree of
emphasis on security and concealment vice routine administration
varies with the drill being executed (eg. hides require a higher degree
of security and concealment than harbours, which are designed to
allow routine maintenance and resupply).

b. designate a reconnaissance party,
reconnaissance party instructions and
reconnaissance party leader. The
reconnaissance party includes personnel to
select and mark routes, to guide the main
body into positions and to secure the area

c. specify an order of march

d. provide for all-round defence

e. designate priority of work and provides for
maintenance and resupply

f. has the occupation accomplished under
conditions of limited visibility if possible.

3. The platoon / company constitutes a
reconnaissance party:

a. guides from each section / platoon link-up
with the reconnaissance party commander

b. the reconnaissance party may include
vehicles and personnel from each section /
platoon as the tactical situation permits.

4. Reconnaissance party prepares to move:

a. the reconnaissance party commander issues
a warning order

b. all personnel are briefed on the plan and
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their duties, including:

(1) the proposed location of the platoon /
company assembly area, harbour, or
hide

(2) the location of the contact point

(3) the time of the main body’s arrival at
the start point (SP) and release point
(rel P)

(4) routes to the assembly area, harbour,
or hide for both the reconnaissance
party and main body

(5) the order of march for the platoon /
company

(6) the proposed location of platoon /
company HQ

(7) NBC conditions and MOPP level

(8) whether radio silence is or will be in
effect

(9) representatives and composition of
reconnaissance party

(10) any special instructions.

5. The reconnaissance party moves to the new area:

a. maintains security

b. reconnoitres the route from SP to RP

c. monitors for NBC contamination, if
required

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d. marks obstacles and bypass routes.

6. The reconnaissance party moves into the new area
and prepares it for the platoon / company’s arrival:

a. halts at the entrance and personnel
dismount and do a sweep of the immediate
area

c. for a dismounted platoon / company, the
entry point is selected at the 6 o’clock
position, the perimeter is marked, and track
plan established

d. party completes sweep of area while
reconnaissance party commander conducts
reconnaissance

e. party RVs at firm base where
reconnaissance party commander allocates
section / platoon areas, taking into account
type of assembly area, harbour, or hide
defence (linear, internal or perimeter) and
location of support arms, for example:

(1) anti-armour weapons cover main
approaches

(2) air defence sentries cover air
approaches with good fields of
observation and fire

(3) FC / FOO are positioned to cover
main approaches

f. if radio silence is not in effect, the

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reconnaissance party commander moves to
the area selected for the platoon / company
HQ and establishes communication with
higher HQ

g. if time and radio silence situation permit,
the reconnaissance party commander
establishes communication with the platoon
/ company commander and confirms the
suitability of the area and the order of
march

h. the reconnaissance party commander
coordinates the local defence while section
/ platoon representatives draw sketches for
their commanders and mark vehicle
positions

i. OPs and NBC sentries are established to
maintain security

j. for hides, rolling replenishment is
conducted prior to occupation

k. guides move to designated RVs to meet the
platoon / company.

7. The platoon / company occupies the assembly
area, harbour, or hide:

f. enemy elements can not move to within
visual range of any position without being
detected.

11. On leaving the area, the platoon / company:

a. recovers all mines and obstacles

b. leaves nothing of intelligence or material
value

c. eliminates signs of the its presence in the
area (trash, aiming posts, telephone wire)

d. ensures vehicles do not line up on roads,
but move directly from their positions at the
designated timing.

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4310 C/D - CONDUCT A CONVOY ESCORT

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company is tasked to conduct a convoy escort to
accompany and protect a vehicle column. Civilian or military
organizations may be involved. The route is provided. The escort
commander is normally the convoy commander.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company escorts the convoy to its new location by the
time specified in the orders, without losing any vehicles due to
inadequate control or immediate reaction measures / drills.

5. The lead vehicle crosses the start point at the
specified time. The escort commander verifies that all
vehicles have crossed the start point and reports to higher
HQ.

6. The escort commander determines and reports the
location of all halts.

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7. The escort conducts scheduled halts:

a. halts at prescribed times to avoid possible
conflict with other convoy schedules

b. when possible, halts where visibility is at
least 200 m to the front and rear of the
column

c. establishes a perimeter defence

d. departs on schedule.

8. The convoy makes an unscheduled halt due to a
vehicle accident, road block or some other unplanned
event:

a. all halts are reported to the escort
commander, and reports the halt to higher
HQ

b. the escort takes immediate action IAW the
threat

c. the advance guard commander or LO
negotiates confrontations

d. during halts, the escort establishes a
perimeter defence

e. the escort resumes movement on the escort
commander’s order.

9. The convoy reacts to an ambush:

a. ambushed elements immediately proceed
through the ambush if at all possible

b. the escort commander immediately decides
to proceed through the ambush if at all

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possible

c. if proceeding through the ambush is not
possible, the escort commander decides to
halt and attempt to eliminate the enemy
threat and extricate the ambushed elements

d. the escort force immediately reacts

e. suppressive fire is used to cover immediate
deployment

f. that part of the convoy not caught in the
ambush is halted and protected

g. that part of the convoy caught in the
ambush is extricated

h. if applicable, all vehicles being escorted
clear the road to permit the escort force to
manoeuvre

i. once all vehicles are clear of the ambush,
the commander issues orders for some or all
vehicles to continue on the primary route,
use an alternate route, return to the start
point or proceed to another location, as
applicable

j. no vehicles are lost due to inappropriate or
improperly carried out ambush drills.

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4311 C/D - RELIEF IN PLACE

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company is ordered to relieve another unit in place, or is
relieved by another unit. Enemy action is possible.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company performs a relief in place with minimal
reduction in the ability to defend the position and without being
detected. The platoon / company performs the relief no later than the
time specified in the order.

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1. The commanders plan a relief in place:

a. issues a warning order

b. if the platoon / company is incoming,
designates an advance party.

2. The platoon / company prepares for the relief:

a. if the platoon / company is incoming,
reconnaissance is conducted

b. if the platoon / company is outgoing,
nonessential equipment is thinned-out

b. include participation by section and
weapons detachment commanders, and
attachment commanders

c. exchange enemy information

d. reconnaissance the area of the unit being
relieved

e. exchange CEOI information

f. discuss the use of guides and liaison
personnel

g. check security and control measures

h. review fire support plans

i. review the barrier plan

j. establish the sequence and method of relief

k. establish a specific time for the transfer of
responsibility

l. exchange information on OPs and patrols

m. coordinates the exchange of weapons and
equipment, as ordered.

4. The incoming commander finalizes the plan:

a. develops a plan based on planning and
coordinate with the unit to be relieved

b. develops and issues an Op O.

5. The units execute the relief sequentially or

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simultaneously:

a. both outgoing and incoming units operate
on the outgoing unit’s command net

b. unit guides control movement

c. handle emergencies on the incoming unit’s
net

d. when the relief is complete, the incoming
unit operates on its own net.

6. The units conduct a sequential relief:

a. the incoming unit moves to an assembly
area to the rear of the outgoing unit

b. CPs and echelons of the two units co-locate
to facilitate the relief and transfer of
equipment, ammunition, supplies, and
obstacles

c. the first incoming section / platoon moves
to the position of the first outgoing section /
platoon to be relieved

d. each vehicle and dismounted position is
relieved one at a time

e. the outgoing vehicles and personnel move
to an assembly area behind the position

f. relief of subsequent sections / platoons
begins once the first outgoing section /
platoon reaches and clears its release point

g. command passes after two or more sections
/ platoons of the incoming combat unit has
completed relief - for a company relief in
place, this includes the forward platoons -
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b. all vehicles and dismounted personnel are
relieved simultaneously and immediately
move to an assembly area

c. the transfer of supplies and obstacles,
including the handover of Protective
Minefield Record(s), is completed.

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4312 C/D - WITHDRAWAL

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The enemy may or may not be engaging the platoon with direct fire.
The platoon / company is operating as part of a larger force and is
given an order to conduct a withdrawal, or the enemy situation forces
the unit from its position. Another element may be covering the
withdrawal. The enemy is company(-) in size, and has close air
support (CAS) and indirect fire support available.

TASK STANDARD:

Key timings are met (eg. rearward movement, position denial, thinning
out and all troops clear of a line to the rear of the position). The
platoon / company is not cut off from the larger force. The withdrawal
is conducted so that detection is avoided, or occurs too late for the
enemy to affect the withdrawal. All supplies and equipment that
cannot be evacuated are destroyed. All PWs and casualties are
evacuated.
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a. develops the size, composition, tasks and
commander of the reconnaissance party

b. distributes specific tasks to sections

c. 2ICs conduct reconnaissance

d. coordinate direct / indirect fire to cover

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

disengagement

e. plans and prepares routes to reduce
congestion

f. organizes security forces to cover
movement

g. plans / coordinates with supporting
elements

h. develops deception activities

i. develops contingency plans in case the
enemy attacks during the withdrawal.

3. The platoon / company commander receives the
order, or makes the decision to withdraw (if IAW the
higher commander’s orders or intent) and issues orders:

a. the platoon / company commander makes a
rapid estimate of the situation

b. determines and promulgates key timings:

(1) the time to start thinning out

(2) the time before which there will be
no rearward movement except for
normal traffic and reconnaissance
parties

(3) the time up to which the position
must be denied to the enemy

(4) the time by which the position is
abandoned

(5) the time by which all troops will be

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clear of a line behind the position

c. establishes a sequence of withdrawal

d. coordinates with higher HQ

e. coordinates for a rearward passage of lines
when necessary

f. plans occupation of the new position

g. designates a rear guard force to be used
when under extreme enemy pressure.

4. The platoon / company executes the withdrawal:

a. indirect fire and obstacles are employed to
slow the enemy and mask the movement of
the elements

b. if out of contact, the enemy does not detect
the withdrawal, or detects it too late to
affect the withdrawal

c. if in contact, the least heavily engaged
element withdraws first. Casualties and
nonessential elements and equipment are
evacuated with this element, if not already
evacuated with the reconnaissance parties

d. use fire and movement to establish clean
break

e. RVs and checkpoints are established

f. all materials and equipment that must be
left behind are destroyed or rendered
inoperable.

5. When necessary, the platoon / company conducts

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a rearward passage of lines IAW BTS 4302, ‘Passage of
Lines.’

6. The platoon / company reports throughout the
withdrawal, and when it is ready to continue the defence
or execute the next task.

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4313 B/C - BREAK CONTACT

ELEMENT: SECT / PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section / platoon is moving or stationary and the enemy engages.
The commander orders the section / platoon to break contact. Note that
this BTS could be read in combination with BTS 5005, ‘React to
Contact / Direct Fire / Indirect Fire.’ Moreover, this BTS could be
imbedded into BTS 4312, ‘Withdrawal,’ as the method used to
conduct effective fire and movement to gain a clean break from the
enemy.

4. The section / platoon commander directs the
firebase to move to its next location.

a. uses the appropriate movement technique
based on the volume and accuracy of the
enemy fire

b. takes up a designated position and engages
the enemy.

5. The section / platoon continues to bound away
from the enemy:

a. continues to suppress the enemy

b. continues to bound until it breaks contact,
passes through a higher level, or reaches the
assigned position for its next mission

c. changes the direction of movement once
contact is broken to reduce the ability of the
enemy to place effective indirect fire on the
unit

d. moves to the last RV in the absence of a

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commander's instructions.

6. The section / platoon commander moves the
section / platoon to the final RV:

a. accounts for personnel and equipment

b. reorganizes as required IAW BTS 4305,
‘Consolidate.’

c. reports to the higher commander.

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4315 B

4315 B - ESTABLISH A TRAFFIC CONTROL POST

ELEMENT: RECCE DET / SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITION

The reconnaissance det / section has been tasked to establish a traffic
control post (TCP) as part of a movement control organization. In
addition, the det / section may be responsible to reconnoitre the route
and proposed Waiting / Halt areas. Enemy contact is possible or
expected. Radio silence is in effect.

TASK STANDARD:

The reconnaissance det / section establishes the TCP within the
timings directed in orders. The det / section operates the TCP
effectively in all weather and visibility conditions, and helps to
maintain a regular flow of traffic and prevent congestion on the route.
The det / section assists the move of the passing units with no
compromise of security, and maintains a log of the
packets/serials/columns which have proceeded through the TCP. The
det / section commander informs higher HQ of the progress of the
move.

a. conducts a reconnaissance of the route
within sector to identify and mark, as
ordered, alternate routes, detours, waiting
and halt areas

b. establishes and maintains communications
with the higher HQ

c. sites pointmen at all directions from which
traffic may be expected. They must be
properly equipped to include personal
weapon, complete fighting order, NBC IPE,
flashlight, traffic baton and movement
schedule

directs traffic along detours if traffic on the
main route becomes blocked

j. maintains close watch on the progress of
the move and reports, as ordered, to the
Sector HQ

k. helps to transmit and effect any changes in
orders to the passing units

l. reports on the condition of the route.

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4316 D/F - CONDUCT ROAD MOVEMENT

ELEMENT: ADMIN COY / BN HQ

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The unit must move to a new location by road. It has received a move
warning order and subsequent order. In the case where the unit will be
participating in a brigade move, the unit will be responsible to plan
and conduct its move to the brigade Start Point (SP) and from the
brigade Release Point (rel P) to the new location. Movement control
along the brigade route will be provided by the brigade. In the case of
a unit move, the unit will be responsible to provide movement control
along its route using integral and attached assets.

TASK STANDARD:

The movement plan is prepared IAW CFP 303(9) and unit SOPs, and
is distributed in time to permit integral, attached and supporting units
to adequately prepare for the move. Vehicles and personnel are
prepared to conduct the move safely and within prescribed timings.
The unit moves to the new location with minimal casualties from
enemy action or accidents, meets all prescribed timings, does not
disrupt the move of other units and, upon arrival in the new location, is
ready to conduct subsequent tasks with minimal reorganization.
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. Battle Procedure is carried out IAW BTS 1001,
‘Battle Procedure,’ with emphasis on the following
points:

a. ground and / or air reconnaissance of the
primary and alternate routes is conducted, if
possible

e. packet / column composition and order of
march are designed to permit the unit to
meet timings, provide security in case of
enemy contact and, upon arrival at the new
location, to carry on with subsequent tasks
with minimum reorganization.

2. A move order, movement table(s), graphs, and
overlays, as required, are prepared IAW CFP 303(9) and
distributed to integral, attached and supporting units in
time to allow adequate preparation for the move.

3. A route card is prepared IAW CFP 303(9) and
contains sufficient detail to permit personnel to complete
the move without maps and to assist packet / column
commanders to meet prescribed timings.

4. The unit completes preliminary preparations to
move by road:

a. personnel are briefed on the move

b. route cards are prepared and distributed

c. vehicle and equipment maintenance checks
are conducted

d. vehicles are loaded, loads are configured to
meet height restrictions, and antennas are
tied down

e. critical supplies and equipment are
dispersed throughout the packets / columns
in order to minimize critical losses

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f. Trail Party vehicles and personnel are
designated

g. Rear Party vehicles and equipment, if
applicable, are positioned in areas that
provide cover and concealment, and do not
impede departure of main body vehicles

j. packets / columns cross the rel P on time
and proceed to the new location without
halting or blocking the rel P

7. Report status in new location.

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4321 C

4321 C - SUPPORT AN ASSAULT BOAT CROSSING

ELEMENT: PNR PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon receives orders to support a company size manoeuvre
element during the assault stage of a hasty or deliberate river crossing
operation. Orders include the crossing site location, manoeuvre
element to be crossed, H-hour, whether the crossing is to be silent or
noisy, number of boats/motors assigned, and the location from which
boats/motors can be drawn. A gap crossing site reconnaissance has
been completed and the reconnaissance report (eg. DND 2106 or
E122B GAPRECCEREP) is available. Elements of the force-in-place
provide local security. No iterations of training on this task are
required under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The crossing subunit is briefed and safely transported across the water
obstacle at the designated site. The crossing commences (eg. crosses
line of departure (LD) along near shoreline) at H-hour. Strict noise and
light discipline is observed at all times.

2. If time permits and the platoon did not conduct the
original gap crossing reconnaissance, a platoon
reconnaissance party conducts a confirmatory
reconnaissance to confirm the crossing site location and
key locations at the site (eg. debussing point, boat off
loading point (BOLP), boat inflation point (BIP), check
point, attack position, LD).

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3. The platoon commander’s orders include:

a. assignment of key personnel / sections to
activities at the debussing point, BOLP,
BIP, check point and attack position

b. assignment of crews to boats, as appropriate
for a silent or noisy crossing

c. crossing subunit's strength, identification,
and arrival time

d. H-hour

e. ‘action on’ procedures, including what
action is to be taken following off loading
of the crossing subunit on the far shore.

4. Platoon representatives draw the required number
of boats / motors and quantity of fuel at the location
designated in orders, inspect / test the equipment, and
address any deficiencies.

5. For a deliberate crossing when time permits, the
platoon conducts rehearsals with the crossing subunit at a
secure location in the rear.

6. On arrival at the site, the platoon establishes a
zulu harbour.

7. The platoon lays out the site IAW the
reconnaissance report or confirmatory reconnaissance.

8. Platoon personnel are briefed on site layout, boat
entry and exit locations and markings, etc.

9. Platoon RV’s with the crossing subunit at the
debussing point. Commanders coordinate assignment of
loads to boats, boat entry and exit locations and
markings, etc. Crossing subunit personnel are briefed on

11. If not already inflated prior to arrival at the site,
boats are moved to the BIP and inflated. The risk of
giving away the crossing site location is weighed against
speed when deciding to use manual inflation means
versus compressors.

12. Boats, with assigned crews and crossing subunit
personnel, are moved from the BIP, through the
checkpoint, to the attack position and cross the LD at H-
hour.

13. Pioneers return boats to the near shoreline to pick
up additional waves of crossing subunit personnel, as
required.

14. Ensure strict noise and light discipline is adhered
to at all times.

A platoon receives orders to execute a manual breach of a minefield as
part of a deliberate breaching operation. Orders include information
acquired during the reconnaissance, the start and end points of the
breach lane, the width of lane to be achieved (1 metre if dismounted;
minimum of 5 metres if mounted) and the time by which the breach is
to be achieved. The breach is executed under conditions of low
visibility and the minefield is no more that 350 metres in depth (eg. 8
hours of manual breaching). No iterations of training on this task are
performed under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The breach is completed and ready for firing by the time stated in
orders. The platoon takes all reasonable precautions to prevent
detection by the enemy.
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2. Orders include the assignment of personnel to the
Setting Out, Breaching, Explosive Charge and Lane
Marking Parties.

3. The IC Breaching Team controls the breaching
operation:

a. coordinates and controls all parties working
in and moving to / from the lane breach

b. ensures that work parties move only in
cleared areas, work in echelon and maintain

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the minimum safety distance of 20m

c. coordinates the activities of any working
parties detailed for work other than
breaching in the lane

d. allots personnel to duties in later phases
when they have finished their initial tasks

e. submits task status reports to higher
headquarters IAW unit SOPs.

4. The Setting Out Party breaches the setting out
lane:

a. No 1 searches a 5m long and 1m wide base
line perpendicular to the safe lane:

(1) marks both sides of the base line
with mine tape

(2) checks for trip wires using the trip
wire feeler drill, looks / feels for
mines and prods for buried mines
along the baseline using the prodder
drill

(3) marks and bypasses all anti-tank
(AT) mines and neutralizes and
marks all anti-personnel (APers)
mines. Personnel not involved in
neutralizing an APers mine cease
work and adopt a prone position
when an APers mine is being
neutralized

(4) upon finding a trip wire, the No 1
searches to both ends of the wire,
neutralizes / marks any mechanisms,
cuts the wire and ensures the ends of

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the wire are clear of the lane before
continuing the search of the path

Note: If speed is essential and the enemy is either known
not to be employing APers mines, or mines have
sufficient metallic content to ensure detection, the option
exists for the No 1 to search for buried mines using the
mine detector drill instead of the prodder drill.
b. starting on the right hand side of the
baseline, the No 1 searches a 1m metre
wide path through the minefield in the same
manner that the base line was searched. No
1 lays out tapes on both the right and left
side of the path

c. IC maintains 1m spacing from No 1, pins
down tapes laid by No 1, and ensures that
No 1 maintains the correct bearing

d. No 2 maintains 5m spacing from IC and
locates any deep buried mines. When
found, No 2 withdraws to allow IC to
uncover, neutralize (if an APers mine) and
marks the mine

e. Setting Out Party lays out cross tapes across
the 1 m path at 50m intervals to facilitate IC
Breaching Team’s control of the operation

f. after fixing the finishing tape, the IC
Setting Out Party reports to the IC
Breaching Team and moves his party a
minimum of 20m to the left / right of the
lane to a pre-identified RV.

5. Breaching Parties work in echelon, maintaining a
20 m spacing between parties:

a. the two No 1s search a 2m wide path to the

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left of the Setting Out Party’s path or
preceding Breaching Party’s path, as
applicable:

(1) No 1s search side by side, each
searching 1m of the 2m wide path

(2) starting from the centre of the path
and working outwards, the No 1s
look / feel for mines and prod for
buried mines using the prodder drill

Note: If speed is essential and the enemy is either known
not to be employing APers mines or mines have
sufficient metallic content to ensure detection, the option
exists for the No 1s to search for buried mines using the
mine detector drill instead of the prodder drill.
(3) No 1s neutralize (APers mines only),
mark and bypass mines. Personnel
not involved in neutralizing an APers
mine cease work and adopt a prone
position when an APers mine is
being neutralized

b. No 3 works 5m ahead of the No 1s on the
path breached by the Setting Out Party or
the preceding Breaching Party, feeling for
trip wires across the 2m wide path. No 3
deals with any trip wires using the trip wire
reaction drill

c. IC follows 1 m behind No 1s, pinning down
their tapes and providing them with mine
markers. Time permitting, IC may prod,
uncover, neutralize (APers mines) and mark
buried mines identified by the No 1s

d. the two No 3s follow 5m behind the IC.
Using the mine detector drill, they search

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for buried mines missed by the No 1s and
uncover and mark all buried mines, leaving
the mines for explosive disposal

e. when the party reaches a control tape or the
finishing tape, the IC Breaching Party
reports to the IC Breaching Team. If at the
finishing tape, the party joins the Setting
Out Party.

6. Explosive Charge Party prepares mines for
destruction, working from the near side to the far side of
the minefield:

a. once the rearmost Breaching Party has
completed its search of a 50m section of the
lane, the IC Explosive Charge Party and
three charge placers move into that section
and place a basic charge on or beside (as
applicable to the mine) each mine, leaving
the mine markers in place

b. when charge placers have finished a section
plus 20m, the remaining personnel in the
party lay out a trunk line from the near to
far side, attaching the charges to the trunk
line and picking up mine markers as they
advance

c. when all charges are connected along the
entire length of the breach, the IC follows
his party out of the lane to the RV and
reports to the IC Breaching Team.

7. The IC Breaching Team orders the connection of
the trunk line to an initiation set / blasting machine and
fires the charges on order of the overall tactical
commander.

marking of the lane to include, as a minimum, the
entrance funnel, left hand lane markers and right hand
lane entrance and exit markers.

9. For a 1m wide lane to support a dismounted
attack, a Setting Out Party searches the 1m wide path,
and a three man Explosive Charge Party places charges
on mines and lays out the ring main. The IC Explosive
Charge Party also acts as the IC Breaching Team.

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4323 C - CONTRUCT AN ELEVATED CABLE SYSTEM

ELEMENT: PNR PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon receives orders to construct an elevated cable system to
move a number of loads across a wet gap. Orders include the time by
which the system must be operational. A reconnaissance has been
previously conducted and the reconnaissance report and design
proforma are available. The system consists of a sheer at one end and a
gyn at the other. The necessary stores and equipment are available.
Loads are not to exceed 100 kg. The gap to be crossed is no larger than
50m. Site conditions are good. No iterations of training on this task are
performed under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The elevated cable system is constructed IAW with the reconnaissance
and design proforma provided, and within the time allotted. NPrac
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The platoon receives orders to construct a combat road. Orders
include the start and end points, lane requirements, the traffic density
(vehicle types and frequency), and the time by which construction
must be complete. Manpower, integral platoon equipment (eg. APC
Dozer, chain saw) and construction material/expedient surfacing, as
required, are available. No iterations of training on this task are
performed under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon constructs the combat road, providing unimpeded passage
of the traffic for which it was designed, no later than the time specified
in orders. The platoon maintains the road until traffic has ceased.
NPrac
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(2) ensures the culvert inlet elevation is
at or below the bottom of the
existing natural drainage channel or
ditch

(3) ensures that the culvert slope is at the
same slope as the stream bed

b. the platoon prepares the culvert trench:

(1) ensures the culvert trench has the
proper slope and is deep enough for
the bed, culvert, and cover

(2) ensures the cover is one-half the
diameter of the culvert or 0.3m,
whichever is larger

(3) ensures the trench width provides for
the culvert diameter, side spacing,
and if multiple pipes are installed,
inter-culvert spacing. Side and inter-
culvert spacing is a minimum of one
half of the culvert diameter

(4) installs shoring prior to emplacing
the culvert if the trench is deeper
than the shoulder height of the
soldiers in it, and the sides are not
cut back to their natural angle of
repose

The platoon receives orders to construct and maintain a snow/ice road
and / or an ice bridge. Orders include the type and amount of traffic
expected, the length of time that the road and / or bridge is to remain
open, and the time by which construction must be complete. No
iterations of training of this task are required under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon constructs the road and / or bridge within the time allotted
and maintains the structure to meet the required specifications. Traffic
interruptions are not caused by deficiencies in either construction or
maintenance.
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a. agitates the snow using harrows or drags
with short scarifier blades or points until a
light roller can be supported

b. compacts the snow using towed drum
rollers, either smooth or ribbed (eg. culverts
filled to increase the weight), making
several passes over an area

c. allows a ‘setting up period’ to permit
bonding by the snow particles

d. repeats steps a through c allowing a ‘setting
up period’ each time and increasing the
weight of the roller if possible (three
treatments, at intervals of four hours, give
the same result as ten successive
processing’s without a time interval).

OR
5. The platoon constructs an ice road:

a. increases the ice thickness to achieve the
‘effective ice thickness’ required to support
the intended traffic using one of the
following methods:

(1) removes any snow and allows the ice

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to thicken naturally over time

(2) constructs snow dikes spaced 2.5
times the road width apart and
pumps water onto the ice surface
between the dikes, allowing the
water to freeze in 25mm layers
(about 2 hours at –15ºC). Repeats the
process until the required thickness
is achieved. The carrying capacity of
this induced ice is only one-half that
of natural ice

(3) reinforces the ice by flooding
successive layers of snow (eg. three
layers of snow-crete), straw (in
single or three layers) or wire
matting, brush, timbers/planks, etc
until the required thickness is
achieved

b. constructs smooth approaches from the
shore to the ice surface to allow traffic to
move onto the ice with a minimum of
impact.

OR
6. The platoon constructs an ice bridge:

a. the bridge section is properly anchored to
the shore by means of mooring / breast
lines and holdfast anchorage. Mooring /
breast lines are properly secured to the
bridge section

b. for fixed ice bridges, the required depth of
cut (6 to 8m) is made into the banks on both
sides of the open channel to fix the bridge
section in place (eg. prevent it from being

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swept away by the current)

c. skewed ice bridges are constructed when
the ice is thin and crumbles under the
impact of the floating section or when
erosion of the ice by the water current is a
problem.

7. The platoon maintains a snow road:

a. after a fresh snowfall, the surface is not
plowed but is rolled to compact the new
snow. Rolling begins as soon as 75mm of
snow has fallen and continues throughout
the snowfall

b. continually builds up the surface until it is
higher than the surrounding area to alleviate
any drifting problem caused by the creation
of a ‘trough’ type surface during
compaction. Erects snow fences to prevent
drifting if the surface cannot be built up.

OR
8. The platoon maintains an ice road:

a. ice thickness is checked twice a week at
temperatures between –12ºC and –4ºC, and
daily at temperatures above –4ºC. New
holes must be drilled for each measurement.
The ice thickness is measured at intervals of
200 metres along the alignment, and at any
locations where ice conditions change

b. Cracks:

(1) under all conditions, the ice is
watched closely and inspected at
least once a day. If progressive

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cracking occurs the number of
operations per day or the loads are
reduced. If no progressive cracking
is evident, the number of operations
or loads may be increased

(2) cracks which appear in the ice, if still
considered usable, are repaired by:

(a) Bridging. Rigid bridging
members can be used to
bridge the gap, if frozen in
place. To avoid breaking off
the loaded edges of the
cracks, up to two times the
minimum ice thickness is
required

(b) Flooding. ‘Dry’ cracks (eg.
not extending to the water)
can be filled with a water and
snow mixture. Holes can be
drilled to water level, and
water pumped over cracks.
(Holes must not be drilled
within 5m of banks of cleared
snow, as the ice surface in this
area is usually deflected
below free water level)

(3) contraction cracks which appear
perpendicular to the road axis are
repaired by flooding or bridging

(4) if cracks occur parallel to the
roadway, the road is relocated at
once

c. snow removal is conducted to reduce

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moving resistance and to prevent thawing
action caused by insulating effect of snow

d. slush is removed by flooding and freezing

e. if operations have to proceed under average
air temperatures higher than 0ºC on fresh
water ice, and higher than –2ºC on sea ice,
the required ice thickness is gradually
increased by up to 20% more (or loads are
reduced by 1/3) until deterioration of
surface conditions (slush or candling)
prevent further operations. Operations are
suspended if maximum air temperature
exceeds 4ºC

f. during and for 3-5 days (depending on the
ice thickness) after a rapid temperature
drop, the minimum ice thickness is based
on the average air temperature before the
temperature drop. If the average daily
temperature drops 4ºC per day, the
minimum ice thickness during the above
period is increased by 40%, or loads are
reduced by 1/2, and if the average daily
temperature drops 8ºC per day the
minimum ice thickness is doubled, or the
load is reduced by 3/4. It the total
temperature drop exceeds 8ºC or if the
temperature drops more rapidly than 8ºC
per day, causing severe thermal stressing or
cracking of the ice, temporary load
restrictions are imposed

g. the following precautions are observed to
prevent resonance in the ice sheet:

(1) over shallow water (eg. depth less
than 50 times ice thickness) speeds

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are restricted to between 13 and 40
kph

(2) over deep water (depth greater than
50 times ice thickness) speeds are
restricted to less than 16 kph

(3) movement (eg driving or taxiing)
parallel to a shoreline at a distance of
one load influence radius is avoided.
Movement is permitted further away
than 2 influence radii, nearer than
1/2 influence radius, or at an angle of
45º or more to the shore

The section / platoon receives orders to construct a helicopter landing
site. Orders include the general location of the site, type and number of
helicopters that will use the site, size and shape of the landing points
within the site, usage (day/night and duration), site marking
requirements, and time by which construction must be completed.
Heavy equipment and dust control materials are available. No
iterations of training on this task are performed under MOPP 3 Mask.

TASK STANDARD:

The section / platoon constructs the helicopter landing site to the
required specifications within the time allotted.

The section, to include personnel, personal kit and vehicle, is required
to cross a slow moving body of water without the assistance of boats
or bridging assets. The vehicle to be crossed is ILTIS or LSVW.
Sufficient materials are available to construct a gasoline drum raft or
float. No enemy interference is expected. No iterations of this task are
performed under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The section successfully crosses its personnel, kit and vehicle without
any losses. Construction of the improvised vehicle-crossing device
does not exceed five hours.

2. Orders include what devices are to be constructed
and a clear assignment of construction tasks to section
personnel.

3. Improvised crossing devices are constructed IAW
the technical standard applicable to the selected device
and all lashings are secure.

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PROTECTION
5001 D - CROSS A CONTAMINATED AREA

ELEMENT: COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section / platoon has been directed to cross a contaminated area to
continue its mission. The higher HQ has provided the time by which
the contaminated area must be crossed and, in the case of nuclear
contamination, the maximum exposure dose. For chemical
contamination, the type of agent is not known. Bypassing the
contaminated area is not possible.

TASK STANDARD:

The section / platoon crosses the contaminated area, without losses of
personnel or equipment due to contamination, in the time specified
and does not exceed the maximum exposure dose. The higher HQ
receives the appropriate NBC report from the section / platoon.
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1. If directed to cross a radiologically contaminated
area, the section / platoon prepares for movement:

8. If personnel decontamination includes shower
then the soldier proceeds into a clear area where he can
unmask. If the decontamination does not include a
shower, the soldier remains masked and carries on with
the following:

IAW orders or based on the tactical situation, the team leader will
conduct a NBC Survey. The company has the ability to establish at
least one NBC survey team. NBC survey equipment is available and
operational. The company may be ordered to conduct an NBC survey
of its immediate vicinity, a proposed new location or a limited route or
area.
TASK STANDARD

The section / platoon is tactically deployed, either stationary or on the
move. Both hostile and friendly aircraft are operating in the general
area. Note that this BTS is, in part, an evaluation tool for Section
Battle Drill Two and Platoon Battle Drill One, and should be read in
combination with BTS 5005, ‘React to Contact / Direct Fire / Indirect
Fire.’

TASK STANDARD:

Enemy aircraft do not surprise the section / platoon. The section /
platoon takes effective action to prevent or minimize losses to air
attack.

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1. The section / platoon employs air defence
measures:

a. all available resources are used
(camouflage, concealment, cover,
dispersion, etc) to hide elements and limit
vulnerability

b. air attack alarms are established and
rehearsed

c. immediate action drills upon sighting
enemy or unidentified aircraft are
established

5. Once air attack is over, the section / platoon
conducts quick consolidation and continues with its
mission.

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5005 B/C - REACT TO CONTACT / DIRECT FIRE / INDIRECT
FIRE

ELEMENT: SECT / PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section / platoon is moving or stationary. The section / platoon
contacts the enemy, or receives fire from enemy individual, crew-
served weapons, or indirect weapons. Note that this BTS is an
evaluation tool for Section Battle Drill Two and Platoon Battle Drill
One.

(a) if the mission permits, the
section / platoon moves out of
the impact area to adequate
cover

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(b) if the mission does not permit,
the section / platoon adopts
covered positions and
continues with the mission

(5) when the indirect fire stops, crews
open vehicle hatches

(6) if in MOPP 3 Mask, personnel
remain in that state until the
commander gives the ‘all clear’

(7) continue with the mission.

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5006 B/C - REACT TO AMBUSH

ELEMENT: SECT / PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

A section / platoon is on the move, dismounted or mounted. The
enemy initiates an ambush. Note that this BTS is an evaluation tool for
Section Battle Drill Two and Platoon Battle Drill One, and should be
read in combination with BTS 5005, ‘React to Contact / Direct Fire /
Indirect Fire.’

TASK STANDARD:

The section / platoon reacts immediately to the ambush by fighting
through the ambush to a pre-planned RV, destroying or forcing the
enemy to withdraw. The section / platoon continues follow-on
operations.

Friendly forces are evacuating their positions, and abandoning
equipment and supplies, which they cannot remove. The platoon /
company is ordered to deny future use of the equipment and supplies
to the enemy. Orders or SOPs include the priority of equipment and
supplies to be denied and the extent of denial to be achieved.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company denies equipment and supplies IAW orders /
SOPs without injuring personnel. The time required is increased when
performing this task in MOPP 3 Mask.

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1. The platoon / company commander develops a
denial plan:

a. prioritizes equipment / supplies to deny,
and confirms the extent of denial to be
achieved based on orders / SOPs and the
equipment / supplies to be abandoned by
friendly forces

b. prioritizes components / parts to be denied
for each type of equipment based on orders,
SOPs, or technical references applicable to
the type of equipment

c. determines the method of denial based on
the type of equipment / supplies involved
and the manpower, time, explosives, and
stores available

(3) smashing vital components with a
sledge hammer or other suitable tool

(4) draining hydraulic systems and
cutting hoses

(5) draining engines of oil and coolant
and running them at full throttle until
they seize

(6) cutting tires.

4. The platoon / company commander reports to
higher HQ once task is complete.

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5009 B/C/D - ESTABLISH A ROADBLOCK / CHECKPOINT

ELEMENT: SECT / PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The element commander receives an order to construct a roadblock /
checkpoint. The element is provided an open fire policy and rules of
engagement (ROE); information as to the direction of the threat;
suitable construction materials, tools, and transportation. Continuous
operations (day and night) are envisioned. Civilian population and
vehicles are in the area of operation.

TASK STANDARD:

The element plans and constructs the roadblock / checkpoint IAW
higher commander's orders. The position and orientation of the
barriers prevent passage, or limit entry and exit by personnel and
vehicles into or from the specified area.

c. ensures that the roadblock / checkpoint is
positioned so it is not a sudden surprise to
drivers, giving them enough time to stop
safely

d. places elements of the roadblock /
checkpoint in depth

e. considers the balance between force
protection and open fire policy when
positioning roadblock / checkpoints

f. develops security plan

g. establish liaison with local civilian
authorities.

4. The element commander organizes the element to
operate the roadblock / checkpoint on a continuous basis:

a. assigns vehicle, and personnel search teams

b. assigns close-in and far security or support-
by-fire positions

c. establishes a command and control cell to
maintain communications with higher
headquarters and control operations.

5. The element constructs the roadblock / checkpoint
according to the element commander's plan:

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a. sets two parallel obstacles across the road.
The barriers should have gaps negotiable
only by slowly moving vehicles to allow
the search or security teams to observe
them closely

b. ensures the number and separation of
obstacles are based on the amount of traffic
which enters the search area

c. establishes a second position to hastily
block personnel or vehicles attempting to
flee

d. marks all perimeter barriers, wires, and
limits with warning signs. (signs in English,
French, and the theatre native language
should be used, if available.)

e. establishes personnel search areas

f. establishes vehicle search areas

g. establishes security force positions

h. prepares drop holes for searcher protection
in the event of problems during the search
and to prevent the searchers from masking
the security element fires

i. ensures there is adequate lighting for night
operations

j. ensures the civilian population understands
the roadblock / checkpoint is a preventive
and not a punitive measure

k. ensures a translator is present at the
roadblock / checkpoint.

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6. The element maintains security:

a. ensures an team is positioned and concealed
an appropriate distance (one hundred to
several hundred meters) from the roadblock
/ checkpoint to prevent the escape of any
vehicle or person attempting to turn back
upon sighting the roadblock/checkpoint

b. establishes a rest area for personnel near the
search area so personnel can be assembled
quickly as a reserve force

c. searches all vehicles and personnel for
certain items as directed by the element /
higher commander

d. develops measures for protecting searchers
from possible explosives (if possible dig the
vehicle search area into the ground to
deflect the blasts upward)

e. ensures that the close-in security team’s
fields of fire are not masked

f. uses sentries and patrols to prevent possible
ambush.

7. The element reacts to disruptions or hostile
actions:

a. if civilian personnel are impeding or
attempting to dismantle a roadblock /
checkpoint:

(1) reports the incident to higher HQ

(2) requests assistance from local
authorities to disperse or hold-back

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the crowd

(3) IAW orders and the open fire policy,
prevents the obstruction / destruction
of the roadblock / checkpoint

b. if vehicle(s) / personnel attempt to breach
the roadblock / checkpoint without
stopping, the element uses minimum force
necessary to deter the or prevent the breach.

8. The element keeps the enemy off balance by
moving the roadblock / checkpoint, if the situation
permits:

9. The element continually improves the roadblock /
checkpoint as the time and situation permits.

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5011 B/C - CONSTRUCT A WIRE OBSTACLE

ELEMENT: SECT / PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITION

The local commander has ordered the construction of a wire obstacle
to enhance the terrain in support of the defensive scheme. Orders to
the element commander included the location, type, size, and
construction completion time of the wire obstacle. The necessary field
defence stores (Class IV) are available. Local protection is being
provided by other elements of the subunit/unit.

TASK STANDARD:

The obstacle is completed to the required technical standard within the
time allocated. The time required to perform this task is increased
when executing it in MOPP 3 Mask.

2. The obstacle is constructed within the following
time standards (Note: Construction rates are the day /
night rates for a section sized element expressed in
minutes per 100 metres of fence. When a platoon sized
element is employed, construction rates (except for the
knife rest) will be approximately three times faster):

a. low wire – 130/260

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b. single concertina (normal) – 33/60

c. single concertina (simplified) – 11/22

d. triple concertina – 66/132

e. wiring Type 4 – 44/88

f. double Apron – 66/132

g. catwire Type 1 – 44/88

h. catwire Type 2 – 77/154

i. catwire Type 3 – 132/264

j. high wire – 132/264

k. American wire – 90/180

l. knife rest – 60/120 for a 3 to 5 metre long
and 1.3 metre high knife rest

m. concertina roadblock - 15/30 for a
roadblock consisting of six rolls of
concertina.

3. The obstacle is constructed in accordance with the
detailed technical specifications contained in B-GL-320-
007/PT-001 and in accordance with the following
common technical standards:

a. work is performed, when possible, from the
friendly side so that personnel are not
separated from their shelters/trenches by the
obstacle

b. angle iron pickets are driven with the open
side of the angle facing the enemy

c. actions are taken to muffle the noise caused

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by driving pickets, particularly at night

d. pickets are properly spaced and driven to
the required depth (0.5 metres for long
pickets) in firm ground

e. rows of pickets are staggered according to
the type of obstacle being constructed

f. concertinas are not over-extended (15-16
metres is normal)

g. concertinas are properly joined at pickets

h. ‘cattle fence’ wires (horizontal wires fixed
to a row of pickets) are properly windlassed
to pickets, however, sufficient slack is left
in fence wires between each pair of pickets
to allow windlassing of the fence wires to
the concertinas

i. diagonal wires (wires from short pickets to
the top of long pickets) cross properly at
pickets and properly windlassed

j. fence wires are properly windlassed to
concertinas midway between pickets or at
the pickets, as appropriate to the type of
wire obstacle

k. for double apron fences, all apron wires are
windlassed to diagonal wires wherever they
cross

l. if the obstacle is to be permanent, all short
pickets at the base of diagonal wires should
be driven into the ground completely

m. the knife rest is securely lashed together

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n. the concertina road block spans the
complete width of the road, the two rows of
wire are 10m apart, adjacent rolls are wired
together, and roll ends are lightly anchored
using pickets or half-filled sand bags.

Intelligence reports have indicated a need for increased perimeter
defence. The local commander has submitted to higher a report to lay
a protective minefield and authorization has been received. The
element has subsequently been assigned the task of laying a mixed
protective minefield consisting of DM21 anti-tank (AT) mines and
M18A1 Claymore Defensive Weapon Systems (DWS). Orders to the
element commander included the minefield location, pattern (random
or row), whether mines are to be surface laid or buried, number or
mine rows and mine spacing (minimum of 6 metres), quantity, type
and location of lanes, fencing requirements, and the time by which the
minefield is to be laid. The required mines (Class V) and minefield
fencing stores (Class IV) have been dumped on the battle position, but
the mines have not been removed from their crate(s). Local protection
is being provided by other elements of the subunit/unit.

TASK STANDARD:

The minefield is laid, fenced, reported and accurately recorded within
the time allocated. All mines can be located using the CF947
protective minefield record. The minefield is lifted within the time
allocated. There are no friendly casualties during laying or lifting. The
time required to perform this task is increased when executing it under
NBC conditions.
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2. According to the pattern of laying to be employed,
the minefield is set out:

a. random pattern:

(1) the position and type of each mine is
clearly marked before laying begins

(2) personnel are assigned laying tasks
either individually or in pairs

(3) instructions to each individual/pair
specify clearly the route to be
followed in and out of the minefield
and the order in which mines are to
be laid (lay tapes to mark safe routes
at night)

b. row pattern:

(1) reference points (landmarks,
bearings) are selected

(2) routes to/from the minefield are
selected

(3) landmarks and end row markers are
set out, and row(s) are marked with
signals cable, white mine tape, or
other suitable material

(4) lanes or gaps are set out, and the
centre-line of patrol lanes are marked
with signals cable or cord, fastened
to spikes driven flush with the

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ground

(5) mines/fencing stores are distributed.

3. AT mines are unpacked and fused. Empty crates
are used as mine bases as required, or are disposed of.

4. If ordered, perimeter fencing is erected:

a. fence is erected in a clockwise manner
starting at the near left hand corner leaving
a gap in the rear side fence until mine
laying is complete

b. fencing party keeps ahead of the leading
mine laying party

c. existing fences are used where available

d. enemy side fence is not obvious to the
enemy but is visible enough to those who
know its approximate position

e. fence does not conform to the shape of the
minefield, nor does it give away its
length/depth (eg. is not sited at a constant
distance from the nearest mine and does not
run on the same bearing as the outer mine
rows)

f. fence is sited a minimum of 15 metres from
the nearest mine

g. fence consists of a minimum of a single
strand or wire approximately waist high
suspended on pickets about 15 metres apart

h. fence is signed with mine signs located not
more than 50 metres apart

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i. if for any reason the laying party is
withdrawn during laying, the perimeter
fence is completed and then reopened when
laying restarts.

5. The element maintains the following typical mine
laying rates (Note: Laying rates are based on a platoon-
sized element, working by day without interference.
Mines are already removed from their crate(s) and are
hand-carried no more than 200 metres. Laying rates at
night are normally half the daylight laying rate. When a
section sized element is employed, laying rates will be
approximately one third of platoon laying rate):

a. 40 buried DM21 AT mines per hour

b. 80 surface laid DM21 AT mines per hour

c. 40 M18A1 Claymore DWS per hour.

6. The element maintains the standards for the
setting and arming of individual mines.

a. if buried, holes for individual AT mines are
dug deep and wide enough and the bottom
is tamped so that the top of the mine is
50mm below ground level, ‘bridging’ of the
hole by a tank/APC track is prevented, and
so as to provide a firm base for the mine

b. appropriate measures are taken to ensure
the proper actuation of mines in
unfavourable conditions (eg. laid on
foundations/bases and / or in waterproof
bags)

c. mines are armed using the correct
procedures, when ordered by the
officer/NCO in charge, and under

11. The element commander completes the Protective
Minefield Record (DND 2147) in accordance with the
instructions on the reverse side of the form. If the
minefield is of sufficient size and complexity, a
Minefield Completion Report (DND 2109/E122D
MINLAYREP, which includes the minefield record) may
be completed in lieu of a Protective Minefield Record.

12. The element conducts periodic inspections of the
minefield to determine if there has been any interference
caused by enemy action, artillery, animals or weather.
Enemy interference is reported to higher. Any damage
to perimeter fencing and marking is repaired.

13. The element lifts the protective minefield:

a. mines are located using the CF947
Protective Minefield Record and / or a mine
detector. The individual who laid the mine
recovers the same mine if possible

b. mines are recovered starting from the
friendly side of the minefield

c. mines are disarmed using the correct
procedures and removed from the minefield

d. mines are cleaned and repacked for future
use

e. the minefield fencing and any markers
(landmarks, end row markers, etc) are
removed

minefield has not been previously fenced/marked, then
the minefield is fenced/marked prior to final
abandonment.

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5014 B - LAY A NUISANCE MINEFIELD

ELEMENT: PNR SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section is ordered to lay a nuisance minefield, designed to hinder
the enemy’s use of an area/route, or to reinforce another obstacle (eg.
craters, abatis, etc). Orders include the location of the minefield, Class
IV (field defences) and Class V (ammunition, including mines and
explosives) allocation, any obstacle restrictions, fencing / marking
requirements, and the time by which the minefield must be laid.

TASK STANDARD:

The minefield is designed and sited in accordance with the
fundamentals of obstacle employment and the required obstacle intent.
The minefield is laid and marked (if ordered) within the time allotted.
All mines can be located using the minefield record. There are no
friendly casualties from a failure to observe mine safety. The time
required is increased when conducting this task under NBC conditions.

f. fence is signed with mine signs located not
more than 50 metres apart.

5. The section lays the nuisance minefield (using a
random pattern):

a. as a guideline, a section working by day
and without interference maintains a laying
rate of 15 buried antitank mines per hour or
30 surface laid antitank mines per hour.
Deep buried mines require significantly

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more time. Rates are 50% less at night or
under NBC conditions.

b. personnel laying mines are instructed fully
on the aim of the minefield

c. the position of each mine on the ground is
clearly indicated before laying begins

d. personnel laying mines work in pairs and
each pair is detailed to lay specific mines

e. orders to each pair clearly specify the route
to be followed (normally in and out along
the same route) and the order in which the
mines are to be laid. In cases where doubt
may arise as to the route, or when laying is
being carried out during darkness, tape is
laid before laying starts to mark safe routes.
The tape is recovered by the laying party
when finally leaving each site

f. the work is organized such that there is a
minimum of 20m between pairs of
personnel laying mines

g. if buried, holes for individual AT mines are
dug deep and wide enough and the bottom
is tamped so that the top of the mine is
50mm below ground level, ‘bridging’ of the
hole by a tank/APC track is prevented, and
that a firm base for the mine is provided

h. appropriate measures are taken to ensure
the proper actuation and laying of mines in
special environments (eg. requirement for
waterproofing or supports, depth/spacing of
mines and direction of laying/arming when
emplacing mines under water)

8. The element commander properly completes a
minefield record (included within DND 2109) and
submits it to higher HQ as soon as possible after
minefield completion.

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5015 B - EXECUTE A CRATER OBSTACLE

ELEMENT: PNR SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section is ordered to execute a crater obstacle. Siting of the
obstacle has been coordinated with the supported manoeuvre
commander and a reconnaissance report is available.

TASK STANDARD:

The section executes a crater obstacle within 25 percent of the time
estimated in the reconnaissance report. The gap created is a minimum
of 40 metres in depth (refer to note below) and rows of craters are
angled 45 degree across the regular flow of traffic. The crater obstacle
is nuisance mined and an accurate minefield record is completed. The
crater is tied to existing or reinforced obstacles and blocks or disrupts
an enemy main battle tank. The time required to perform this task is
increased when conducting it under NBC conditions.

Note: Resource limitations may restrict training to the firing of only
one row of three craters, in which case only the procedures employed
will be evaluated and not the depth of the gap.

3. The section acquires and prepares all explosives,
accessories and equipment needed for the demolition. It
prepares charges in the rear area to minimize time on site
(eg. chamber and priming charges).

13. The section commander completes the minefield
record (included on the combined Minefield Completion
Report, DND 2109/E122D MINLAYREP) accurately
and submits it to higher headquarters.

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5016 B - CONSTRUCT AN ABATIS

ELEMENT: PNR SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section is ordered to construct an abatis. Siting of the obstacle has
been coordinated with the supported manoeuvre commander and a
reconnaissance report is available. The site selected complies with the
requirements for an effective abatis.

TASK STANDARD:

The section creates an abatis within 25 percent of the time estimated in
the reconnaissance report. A light abatis is 20 to 30m deep and a
heavy abatis is 50 to 100m deep. The obstacle is tied to existing or
reinforced obstacles. There are 10 to 25 trees on each side of the road.
A minimum of 75 percent of the trees are attached to their stumps. The
abatis stops or delays an enemy main battle tank. If time permits and
authorization given, the section will improve the abatis with mines,
booby traps, and wire.

Note: Environmental regulations may preclude the tree felling
necessary to construct an abatis. Training opportunities should be
sought where land clearance is required as part of training area
development or a purpose built facility should be employed using
telephone poles or similar timber as targets. As a minimum, training
will include a walk through of charge placement and other aspects of
abatis construction.
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5. The section commander confirms DND 2103 and
marks trees to be cut. Note: Selects trees with a
minimum of 60cm in diameter and 6m high to oppose
tracked vehicles, and selects trees spaced 3 to 4m apart to
provide sufficient obstacle density.

6. The section constructs an abatis using pioneer
tools:

a. cuts trees on one side of the trail or road:

(1) fells trees at a 45 degree angle to the
road, with the tops toward the enemy

(2) cuts the trees 1.5m above the ground

(3) does not cut the trees completely
through the trunk. Allows the trunk
to remain attached to the stump to
impede the enemy in clearing the

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obstacle

b. using the same procedures, cuts trees on the
opposite side of the road and fells them on
top of the previously cut trees.

7. The section constructs an abatis using explosives:

a. if possible, prepares a test shot on a tree:

(1) prepares charge based on the charge
calculations in the reconnaissance
report

(2) for cutting charges:

(a) removes the bark prior to
placing the charge

(b) places the charge 1.5m above
the ground on the side of the
direction of fall

(c) primes the charge in the
centre of the outside face of
the explosives

(1) 1.5m above the ground, drills one
hole (for targets up to 50cm
diameter), or two holes (for targets
greater than 50cm diameter) bored at
right angles to each other 5cm apart
vertically. Borehole depth is two
thirds of the target thickness

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(2) places charge(s) in the hole(s), and
stems remainder of the hole(s) with
damp earth

c. if required, (eg. tree is leaning the wrong
way or is affected by a strong wind), places
a ‘kicker’ charge of approximately 0.5 kg
(1 block C4) two-thirds of the way up the
tree on the opposite side of the main charge,
and initiated simultaneously with the
cutting / borehole charges

d. fires a test shot and adjusts the charges as
necessary

e. places charges on all trees to be felled IAW
para 7a

f. lays out / connects firing circuit properly.

8. If using explosives, the section fires the
demolition on order of the section commander, ensuring
that the required safety distance is observed.

12. The section commander completes the minefield
record (included on the combined Minefield Completion
Report, DND 2109/E122D MINLAYREP) accurately
and submits it to higher HQ.

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5017 B - FIRE A PREPARED DEMOLITION

ELEMENT: PNR SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section is ordered to take over a preliminary demolition target.
The target has been prepared to State 1 (SAFE) by a field engineer
section, which must move to prepare another target/obstacle. The
initiation set has been prepared and the mines necessary to nuisance
mine the fired demolition have been placed in cache location close to
the obstacle. Enemy contact is not expected for 15 minutes following
rearward passage of the last friendly vehicle. Some iterations of
training on this task are performed in MOPP 3 Mask.

TASK STANDARD:

The section prepares the demolition to State 2 (ARMED), fires the
demolition on withdrawal of remaining friendly elements, and mines
the obstacle within 15 minutes. The time required to complete this task
is increased when conducted under NBC conditions.

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1. Section commander ensures receipt of a proper
hand over of the obstacle from the engineer section
which prepared the target to include:

a. general information including the target
number, type of target, grid reference

b. charge locations

c. firing circuit layout

d. firing point location and location of the
initiation set

e. work still required to prepare the
demolition target

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f. cache location for mines required to
nuisance mine the target after firing

g. misfire procedures

h. hand over of the DND 913 Demolition
Order (for a preliminary demolition with
any restrictions placed on its execution)

i. hand over of the minefield record (included
within DND 2109 Minefield Completion
Report) started by the engineer section.

2. Upon withdrawal of friendly elements, the section
fires the demolition:

a. if any restrictions have been placed on its
firing, the section commander seeks
authority to fire from the Authorized
Commander IAW the DND 913

b. connects all components of the firing circuit
and fires the demolition.

3. Section nuisance mines the target (eg. crater or
abatis).

4. Section reports the results of the demolition using
E120D OBSEXREP.

5. Section commander completes the minefield
record (DND 2109) and submits it to higher
headquarters.

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5018 B - SET BOOBY TRAPS

ELEMENT: PNR SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section is tasked to set booby traps in a given area or facility.
Orders include commander’s intent for booby trapping, the location of
area or facility to be booby trapped, any restrictions, marking
requirements and time by which the task is to be completed. No
reconnaissance or detailed planning has been previously conducted for
this task. Booby traps may be set in conjunction with other obstacles
and may be either improvised or actuated using the standard firing
device. No iterations of training on this are performed under NBC
conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The section set booby traps IAW the commander’s intent within the
time allotted. Booby traps are properly constructed and recorded.

6. The section commander completes a booby trap
record(s) (eg. DND 2109 / E122D MINLAYREP, if
available) and submits it to the HQ authorizing the booby
traps as soon as possible after setting the booby trap.

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5019 B - CLEAR BOOBY TRAPS

ELEMENT: PNR SECT

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The section is ordered to clear a two to three storey building and
immediate surroundings of booby traps. Orders include the degree of
damage and risk that will be accepted, whether booby traps are to be
disposed of or only marked and reported, and the time by which the
clearance must be completed. The area is secure. No iterations of
training on this task are performed under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The section searches and clears the building and surrounding area
IAW established procedures and within the time allotted. No
casualties are suffered as a result of using improper clearance drills.

a. if available, acquires floor plans and any
other information concerning the building
to determine number of parties required and
develop a clearance plan

b. ensures the required stores and equipment
is acquired and prepared for the clearance.

3. The section commander, making use of any
information acquired during planning and preparation,
conducts a visual reconnaissance of the building and
surrounding area to decide on a suitable location for a
control point, a place of entry into the building, etc.

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4. The section commander establishes and
coordinates the search/clearance of the control point.

5. The section searches and clears the area
surrounding the building:

a. the section commander assigns searching
responsibilities by area

b. searchers search the area outside of the
building for trip wires, command wires,
booby traps and mines using proper
searching techniques and taking appropriate
safety precautions

c. section disposes of booby traps IAW
methods appropriate to the booby trap(s)
and using proper techniques associated with
each disposal method employed

d. section marks areas following clearance:

(1) marks the cleared area

(2) marks the boundaries of any area
still containing (or suspected of
containing) mines or booby traps.

6. Prior to commencing the search of the building,
the section turns off electricity and gas services, if
possible and time permits.

7. The section commander assigns a pair of searchers
to gain entry to the building:

a. effects an entry into the building, taking the
necessary precautions concerning entry via
doorsteps, doors and windows and, if
required, gains entry via a wall or the roof

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b. withdraws to control point once an entry is
effected.

8. The section commander and assistant enter the
building, establish an interior control point, and conduct
an interior reconnaissance:

a. clears path to the control point of booby
traps

b. marks route from point of entry to control
point

c. confirms or formulates search plan at the
control point:

(1) determines how rooms can be safely
entered

(2) decides which rooms will be
searched first

(3) determines final search party
organization, incorporating
precautions such as maximum of two
personnel per room, one floor at a
time, half the rooms on that floor,
and dispersal between parties
searching different rooms

d. returns to the exterior control point, leads
the clearance party inside the building to
the interior control point, and assigns
personnel to search rooms.

e. leaves someone or a sign at the exterior
control point to prevent others from
entering the building until it is cleared and
to monitor the search/clearance operation

applicable), the section commander marks the building
with a permanent sign including date, time, unit/personal
identifier, ‘NO TRAPS’, ‘TRAPS CLEARED’ or, if
booby traps have been left in the building, marks it with
booby trap signs.

The section / platoon is in support of a force establishing the defence
in a built-up area (BUA). The element receives orders to conduct
FIBUA operations as part of the commander’s intent. Orders include
location and buildings to be occupied, level of protection to be
provided and time task to be completed. Site security to be provided
by all elements. The time required is increased when conducting this
task under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The section / platoon prepares the site for FIBUA operations to
provide the intended protection and the stages of building preparation
desired by the force commander within the allotted time. The site must
provide both an efficient weapons platform and protection from
enemy fire. Preparatory work must not compromise the intended use
of the site.
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following should be noted when selecting buildings for
suitable CSWS fire positions:

a. the building must be of sturdy masonry or
solid construction

b. the ceiling must be a minimum of 2.2m
high

c. the floor of the room must be a minimum of
5.4m x 7.5m

d. there must be at least 2.5 m2 of room
openings (an open door standard size is
adequate).

6. Building preparation:

a. Stage 1. The selection of buildings and
alternate buildings. Fire positions and OPs
in place, and cellars prepared usually due to
strongest point of protection. Defenders
able to survive and carry out essential
administration and fight up to 8 hours

b. Stage 2. Buildings prepared to withstand
bombardment and infantry attack. Fortified
firing positions and mouseholes to permit
freedom of movement. Defenders able to
survive and carry out essential
administration and fight up to 24 hours

c. Stage 3. Alternate buildings prepared to
stages 1 & 2 with connecting routes.
Obstacles, wiring and booby trapping
completed, and must be sited to achieve
surprise. The defenders are able to survive
and carry out essential administration, and
fight up to 24 hours

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d. Note: There can be no fixed design for
construction of firing platforms. Each
platform must suit the particular weapon
system, and normally is improvised from
local materials. Platforms built entirely of
sandbags are very heavy and should not be
constructed if there is doubt about the
strength of the supporting floor.

7. Engineers advise and may assist with the
following:

a. blocking all unused doors, windows and
chimneys with sandbags and mattresses

b. wire dangerous approaches inside and out

c. remove flammable materials

d. remove stairs or block with wire and / or
boards

e. make large holes to allow men to move
between floors using ropes or ladders

f. convert basements or dig shelters with
overhead protection

g. provide a tunnel or trench exit from a
mouse-hole on the ground floor

h. knock glass out of all windows to be used
as firing positions, and nail a grenade
screen over the frame

i. erect barricades of sandbags in rooms 1m
back from windows, fix barbed wire
between window sills and base of sandbags

j. support ceilings with timber and sandbags

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so that the floor above can be sandbagged

k. make small holes in upper floors to enable
grenades to be drooped through

l. construct mouseholes as necessary

m. fortify exteriors of buildings not to be
occupied, as a deception measure, if time
permits.

9. Hardening buildings: If suitable buildings cannot
be identified, then hardening facilities to improve their
protective characteristics may be necessary. The
following points should be considered when planning the
strengthening of a building to resist weapons effects:

a. shored-up ceilings to strengthen cellars or
rooms. The reinforcement of a room must
not block the exits, of which there should
be more than one

b. the more stories there are above that which
is occupied, the more likely is it that the
effects of conventional shell fire or
bombing will not penetrate to the room
concerned

c. demolishing a building on top of a
framework in the occupied room may
provide excellent protection, but care must
be taken not to draw the attention of the
enemy by doing so

e. it is rarely feasible to provide fire fighting
equipment throughout a building. It is
better to develop an alternative position in
another building that can be occupied if the
first building catches fire

f. protective obstacles are just as necessary
around buildings as in the open; they must
be sited to achieve surprise.

g. Note: Before work is carried out to
strengthen a building, technical advise or
assistance should be obtained to ensure
that:

(1) braces used to post up ceilings are
strong enough and are suitable
located and secured;

(2) floors are not overloaded

(3) care must be taken to avoid
removing load bearing walls.

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5021 B/C - CONSTRUCT A SHELTER

ELEMENT: PNR SECT / PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon receives orders to construct a timber frame or squared
wood shelter (bunker or OP). Orders include the anticipated threat, the
unit to be supported, the general location of the shelter, and the time
by which construction is to be completed. The shelter may be
underground or above ground, as applicable to the tactical situation,
etc. The required heavy equipment and construction materials (eg.
timber, squared wood, CGI, back hoe, etc) are available. No iterations
of training on this task are performed under NBC conditions.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon constructs the shelter at the required location within the
time allotted in orders. No damage to the shelter structure or personnel
injuries are incurred as a result of improper shelter design or
construction.

2. The reconnaissance party conducts a
reconnaissance IAW BTS 3011, ‘Conduct Engineer /
Pioneer Reconnaissance.’ The supported commander is
advised on the most appropriate structure (underground,
above ground, or natural shelters such as caves, mines,
tunnels, existing buildings) based on the anticipated
threat, terrain, and resources available (eg. labour,
equipment, material and time).

3. The shelter design is completed, ensuring that the
following criteria are observed:

a. shelter is sited using available cover and

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concealment to the greatest extent possible,
and is not sited along natural drainage
courses

b. adequate internal space is provided for the
number of personnel to occupy the shelter
and the functions to be performed within
(eg. space for litters in a unit medical
station)

d. columns / uprights and roof joists / bearers
are properly sized based on the span (eg.
width) of the shelter, the dead load weight
of the OHP and any anticipated live loads

e. subject to the NBC threat, ventilation
openings are provided

f. entrance and exit passageways have a
minimum clear width of 1.5 metres
following the settling / swelling of wall
structures after construction

g. emergency exits are provided for large
shelters in case the main doorways are
blocked

h. for above ground shelters, blast walls are
designed to:

(1) protect shelter walls

(2) protect the front of open doorways
while allowing two ways of
approaching each doorway (eg. from
each side)

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i. grenade sumps / missile traps, if required,
are incorporated

j. blackout curtains are provided at all
openings

k. drainage structures, if required, are
incorporated.

4. A bill of material is prepared and submitted, and
receipt of the required material is confirmed.

5. The platoon constructs the shelter IAW the design
ensuring that the following construction details are
observed:

a. for underground shelters, the excavation is
sufficiently large to permit unimpeded
construction of the shelter in situ, with due
consideration for the safe angle of repose of
the soil

b. proper connections are made between
structural members (eg. columns, capsills,
groundsills, roof joists, spreaders) and
between sheeting / sheathing material (eg.
both wall and roofing material) and
structural members

c. underground walls are properly secured in
place along groundsills using pickets

d. underground trestle type side and end walls
are properly secured in place using pickets

e. underground shelter walls are properly
backfilled using sandbags:

(1) sandbags are turned inside out so

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that the seams are on the inside

(2) sandbags are doubled if filling with
loose sand

(3) sandbags are laid in horizontal layers
or “courses” with the first course
consisting of sandbags laid head on
(“headers”) and the second course
laid lengthways (“stretchers”).
Subsequent layers are composed
alternately of headers and stretchers

(4) wall is correctly bonded by
staggering vertical joints between
sandbags in different courses

(5) sandbag necks and seams are not
exposed in the outer face of the wall

(6) corners of each sandbag are tucked
in as it is laid

(7) each sandbag is shaped and
compacted

(8) wall corners are properly constructed
using ¾ full sandbags, as required

(9) the face of a sandbag revetment has a
slope of 4:1, and the base, which
must be on firm ground, is dug at a
slope of 1:4 to ensure that sandbags
are at right angles to the slope being
revetted

(10) a free standing sandbag wall higher
than 1.5 m is constructed with the
intervening space between the two

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sides of the wall filled with earth

(11) sandbags in a sandbag retaining wall
need only be laid one row deep,
however, courses of sandbags are
correctly bonded, using alternate
courses of headers and stretchers,
with intervening spaces filled with
compacted soil

(12) sandbags in a sandbag pedestal are
laid a minimum of two rows deep in
each course and should not be laid
more than three courses high without
additional reinforcement

f. roof is properly waterproofed (eg. a layer of
heavy duty waterproofing material is laid
over the roof sheeting before backfilling
with OHP material and another layer is laid
on top of the OHP and secured in place)

g. OHP is properly compacted in place

h. access trenches are properly revetted and
sloped to prevent water from entering the
shelter

i. the shelter, its approaches and supporting
structures / equipment (eg. generators, local
defences) are properly camouflaged and
concealed from ground and air view /
sensors

The section receives orders to assist in the digging of vehicle and / or
personnel protective positions in very hard/frozen ground using
explosives. Orders include where the positions are to be constructed
and the time by which the excavation is to be completed. The required
explosives and accessories are available.

TASK STANDARD:

The sections reconnoitres positions, determines charge requirements,
and excavates, prepares, and fires charges. No casualties are suffered
as a result of using improper demolition procedures.

b. charge spacing between 1 and 1.5 times the
charge depth, depending upon the soil
characteristics. A test shot should be fired.

2. Party digs outer channel to assist in producing a
clean excavation face.

3. Party marks out hole locations IAW required
spacing.

4. Party excavates holes to required depth not to
exceed 1.2m using appropriate equipment (eg. ‘dibbers’).

5. Party commander calculates sufficient length of
double detonating cord leads that are required to connect

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the charges to the trunk line.

6. Party prepares charges:

a. ensures good contact exists between the
explosive and detonating cord

b. ensures charges fit easily into holes
excavated at para 4

c. charges are primed with double detonating
cord leads to ensure initiation of the
charges.

7. Party loads charges, ensuring that holes are
properly stemmed with earth and tamped.

8. Party properly lays out the trunk line or ring main,
as applicable, and connects it to the detonating cord leads
from the charges.

9. Party commander ensures initiation set is properly
prepared and connected to the trunk line/ring main.

10. Party commander fires the charges, ensuring
required safety precautions are observed prior to and
during firing.

11. For excavation depths greater than 1.5m, the party
excavates the loose material and repeats para 3 through
10.

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SUSTAINMENT
6001 D - COORDINATE INTEGRAL COMBAT SERVICE
SUPPORT

ELEMENT: ADMIN COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The Administration Company is conducting its primary support
mission. Provision of CSS must be coordinated at unit level. Unit
administration and the provision of integral CSS should be specifically
detailed in SOPs. Enemy contact is a possibility.

TASK STANDARD:

Mission accomplishment is not hindered by a lack of CSS planning.
All elements receive the necessary combat supplies, equipment, and
personnel to carry out their assigned mission. Integral CSS is
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Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The company command post plans CSS:

a. forecasts anticipated requirements

b. establishes resupply priorities based on the
tactical situation and SOPs

The personnel services section, under the direction of the Adjutant
(when not employed forward), is conducting its mission. Replacement
personnel are arriving daily. The section has all assigned personnel
and equipment, and all required forms, manuals, and SOPs.

TASK STANDARD:

The section integrates replacements and prepares and submits
personnel reports and actions while sustaining operations and
providing for the discipline, welfare and morale of unit personnel.

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1. The section receives replacements:

a. welcomes and acclimatizes them to the unit

b. assigns them to subunits IAW the
Commanding Officer’s priorities

c. briefs on the unit's mission and the current
tactical situation before being sent forward.

The battalion/battle group is preparing for, or is involved in combat.
Brigade and / or division combat service support (CSS) assets are
available. It has been directed that provision of routine resupply will
be effected through delivery points. Enemy action is possible or
expected. Iterations of this task may be performed under radio silence.

TASK STANDARD:

Resupply is successfully conducted without loss of critical supplies or
vehicles. DP opening and closing times are met (maximum 30 mins
duration).

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Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. DP planning:

a. a primary site is selected and reconnoitred.
The site meets the following requirements:

(1) is accessible to main routes

(2) provides firm standing

(3) provides adequate space to prevent
traffic congestion

(4) permits dispersion

(5) allows tailgate to tailgate loading

(6) is defensible

(7) has traffic circuit which is easily
discernible at night and provides
adequate in and out routes

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(8) has waiting areas near contact points,
which provide camouflage and space
for both empty and loaded vehicles

b. an RV for a crash DP in case of attack is
selected and reconnoitred

c. a suitable alternate site within a reasonable
distance of the primary site is identified and
reconnoitred

d. a DP request is forwarded to the CS service
battalion or allied support agency with the
following info:

(1) primary DP location

(2) contact point for primary DP
location

(3) alternative DP location

(4) contact point for alternative DP
location

(5) desired time of opening

(6) suitability of primary and alternate
DP for aerial delivery.

2. DP drill. Prior to the DP opening:

a. the DP site is swept to ensure that it is clear
of enemy

b. listening posts and security are established

c. unit vehicles are parked and concealed in
designated waiting areas

d. routes and waiting areas are signed and the

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location of each commodity is marked

e. the reporting centre is established and the
contact point(s) are manned

f. communications are established, if
EMCON measures permit

g. the RV for the crash DP is known by all.

3. DP procedure. After security is established and
service battalion vehicles arrive, the following
procedures are followed:

a. replenishing vehicles are met at the contact
point by a unit representative and directed
to the actual DP location

b. DP vehicles are directed to unit vehicles

c. loads are transferred using:

(1) tailgate-to-tailgate (cargo) loading

(2) side-to-side loading, eg. pod trucks

(3) exchange of vehicles

d. the demand for the next day’s DP is
submitted

e. personnel replacements are brought forward

f. replenishing vehicles depart the DP

g. unit vehicles move to the waiting area, form
up in packets and move back to the unit
location

h. the DP site is cleared and all signs are
removed.

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6007 C - PROVIDE INTEGRAL MAINTENANCE SERVICES

ELEMENT: MAINT PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon is conducting its mission, centralized in the platoon, or
decentralized with mobile repair teams (MRT) dedicated to specific
subunits in operations.

TASK STANDARD:

Effective maintenance services are given to the supported unit for all
land technical equipment. Technical control is retained by the unit
Maintenance Officer. Integral repair is performed IAW the Permissive
Repair Schedule (PRS).

3. The MRT leader maintains contact with the
administration company CP IAW SOPs:

a. calls just prior to departing maintenance
platoon location

b. calls on arrival at the casualty site

c. advises the CP of the estimated time to
complete the repair / recovery

d. advises the CP of changes in the situation

e. calls when vehicle is repaired and MRT is
departing the casualty site

f. calls on arrival at the maintenance platoon
location.

4. The MRT leader completes maintenance
management information system requirements and
ensures that the MRT vehicle is prepared for next
mission.

374 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
6009 C

6009 C - PROVIDE INTEGRAL SUPPLY SERVICES

ELEMENT: LOG PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon is conducting its primary support mission. Replenishment
is cyclical and is usually conducted on a daily basis between integral
and close support organizations.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon successfully achieves all assigned tasks IAW established
SOPs. The performance of the logistics platoon is closely coordinated
with transportation assets at the administration company command
post.

(2) siting of wash stands and the pre-
drip area for plates are located near
the entrance to the kitchen

(3) availability of safety equipment IAW
SOPs

c. the standard of hygiene is maintained:

(1) a minimum of one toilet for
exclusive use of the cooks is located
in close proximity to the kitchen

(2) an ablution stand is available for the
exclusive use of the cooks

(3) cooks wash daily

(4) appropriate head-dress is worn while
employed in the kitchen

(5) no facial camouflage is applied

(6) normal dress is worn when outside
kitchen lines.

378 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
6011 C/D

6011 C/D - CONDUCT RUNNING / BATTLE RESUPPLY

ELEMENT: PL / COY

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon / company has been directed to receive supplies or has
determined that resupply is necessary. The higher commander may
designate a resupply location or the platoon / company may be
responsible to coordinate a location with the echelon or supply
element. Enemy contact is possible.

TASK STANDARD:

The platoon / company successfully completes resupply operations to
replenish its basic load of critical supplies while maintaining security.

NPrac
Ineff
Eff
Sub-Tasks and Standards

1. The platoon / company enters resupply location
from correct direction and on time.

2. The platoon / company responds properly to the
challenge given by the sentry.

f. ensuring personnel are properly dressed and
equipped when dismounted

g. vehicle engines switched off, if tactical
situation permits

h. ensuring a radio watch is maintained at all
times

i. ensuring the task was completed within the
time given in orders.

7. Applicable safety and environmental procedures
were followed.

380 B-GL-383-002/PT-015
6021 B/C

6021 B/C - CONSTRUCT A NON-STANDARD BRIDGE (NSB)

ELEMENT: PNR SECT / PL

ITERATION: 1 2 3 4 5 (CIRCLE)

CONDITIONS:

The platoon receives orders to construct an MLC 16 timber stringer /
timber deck NSB to span over a small gap. The platoon has all
necessary personnel and equipment. Construction materials are
available locally. Site conditions are good. Enemy interference is
possible and site security is not provided.

TASK STANDARD:

Proper design is completed prior to commencement of construction
using the NSB design proforma. The platoon constructs the MLC 16
NSB no later than the time specified in orders. Timings include stores
off-loading, but not the preparation of bridge approaches.