Voyager 1, our farthest spacecraft, is 19,000,000,000km from Earth.
This is due to Newton's first law of motion: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Hooke's law states that the force F needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance X is proportional to that distance.
That is: F = -kX, where k is a constant factor (the stiffness of the spring).

When the ball hits the ground it begins to deform elastically and, in so doing, the kinetic energy is progressively converted into elastic strain energy, which is stored inside the ball. This elastic energy is due to the re-arrangement of molecules in the ball – like many springs being compressed.
When the kinetic energy has been completely converted into strain energy, it begins converting back into kinetic energy, “pushing” the ball back up.

The deeper down an object is in a liquid, the greater the forces forces on it (from the liquid). Denser liquids apply more force. Therefore both the depth and liquid density will affect the upthrust on an object.

When you swim down underwater, the high-density water all around you presses in from all sides. This means that if you were to try to breathe through a hose from the surface of the water, your lungs would need to push all that water weight outwards to make room for the air. This is impossible and that is where scuba comes in.

When you breathe from a scuba tank, you breathe air at the same pressure as the surrounding water. This means that, although the water presses in on you, the air you breathe presses back out with the same force. This makes it easy to breathe.

Two metal forks, a cork, and a matchstick balance on the lip of a glass. The center of mass of the fork-cork-match system is well below the pivot point, so balance is able to return after small perturbations. Please be careful when playing with matches.

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