The paper focuses on the importance about the population structure on the global economic imbalance.We think that the kind of country with "demographic dividend" often trigger trade surplus,the kind of country with "demographic debt" correspond to trade deficit.The economic imbalance caused by the population structure is the outcome what different countries deploy the resources and improve the economic efficiency.Because population structure tends to be steady in a long-term,a country cannot be permanently into unbalance.In addition,according to aging population as well as the Lewis turning point approximation on China,we present from birth rate,retirement age,international migration policies and total factor productivity smoothing population age structure,promote laborintensive industry by the "race to the bottom" to the "race to the top".

MA Zhongdong~1 LU Zhihao YE Kongjia~3
1 Professor with Department of Social Sciences of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
2 Intern Analyst of Population and Sustainable Development Center
3 Advisor of Population and Sustainable Development Center of Fok Ying Tung Research Institute;Labor Force Participation Rates in China:Present and Future[J];中国经济学人(英文版);2010-06