"[Early wolf-dogs are] large, have big teeth and all those predatory, dog/wolf
characteristics. You have to assume from the anatomy that they could
track very well from the scent of an animal. They were built to be fast
running, as wolves and most dogs are. Humans don't run terribly fast. We
have a crappy sense of smell. We do cooperate with each other, which is
helpful, and we had long-distance weapons, like spears and bows and
arrows.

"Neanderthals seem to have specialized in stabbing an animal at close
quarters with handheld weapons and wrestling it down. We had weapons we
could launch from a distance, which is a very big advantage. There's a
lot less risk of personal injury."