That would depend on what year you are comparing them. I have a 02 and they are basically the same for that year; however, different years will give slight variations. If you do a search, this topic has been discussed extensively.

On the 7.3's, the only difference is the F350 has a 4" block in the rear, while the F250 has a 2.5" block. Now, there are some options available on both like rear overload springs, but that is the only consistent difference. My truck is an F250 with the rear overloads and I added the 4" blocks from an F350 when I installed a 2.5" leveling kit up front. In essence it is the same as a SRW F350 now.

1. F250 has approx 2" block rear and the F350 an approx 4" block. For more spring travel and an increase in payload hence increase in GVM (GVW).
2. Badges.
3. Higher registration fee and because GVM (GVW) is over 4,500kg (9921lbs) you also require a Light Truck licence to drive it. (I had one but wife had to got do an upgrade on her licence).

I got my F250 ungraded with HD springs and subsequent engineers report to increase the GVM (GVW) to better than an F350 rating.
Seeing I'm paying extra for the registration and have higher GVW than the F250, I've now re-badged mine as an F350..

But like all things there is a trade off. One is as mentioned above the higher registration cost and bigger licence.
The other is that even with a upgrade there is 'no' change to the GCVM (GCVW). That is the Combined weight of the truck and what it is towing.
Nor is there any difference between the factory GCVW for the SRW F250 and the F350.
This is simply because there is no difference in the actual components. Same springs, differential, drivetrain and brake size etc.

So the trade off is even though you can load more into and onto the F350 you can still only end up with a GCVW of 9071Kg (20,000lbs) (same as F250).
A few people who have done GVW upgrades have been trapped by this.
They have loaded up the truck to the new GVW and then hooked up the trailer, caravan, 5th wheeler. They've been pulled over and put over a set of scales and found to be over the legal GCVW.
It's just a point to remember if anyone is thinking of doing this.

The reason I when for an upgrade was that I found with the added accessories on the F250 (canopy (shell), bull bar, rear bar, longrange fuel tanks full, bigger heavier tyres etc; that I'd eaten so much into the payload without putting anything in the back that it was too restrictive. So needed to increase the GVW and hence payload.

Cheers,
Reg“Political correctness is a doctrine fostered by and illogical and irrational minority, who hold forth the proposition that it, is entirely possible to pick up a turd by the clean end” <O</O

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