A Commencement Address

Thank you! Actually, I can’t thank you enough for
the honor of addressing you today. The more I’ve learned in the past few months
about the
Thomas Jefferson Independent Day School and its students, the more impressed
I’ve become. Congratulations to each and every one of you in the graduating
class. You’ve just come through one of the finest schools of its kind in the
country and you’ll soon be off to grace the campuses of some of America’s top
colleges and universities. I’m confident that you will all make your
teachers, your parents and this community ever more proud of you as you proceed
through your life’s work.

Twenty years ago, shortly before many of you were
born, something quite remarkable happened in the little town of Conyers, Georgia
— a town like Joplin in so many ways: full of salt-of-the-earth, self-reliant
and patriotic citizens though about one quarter your size in population. When
school officials there discovered that one of their basketball players who had
played 45 seconds in the first of the school’s five post-season games had
actually been scholastically ineligible, they returned the state championship
trophy the team had just won a few weeks before. If they had simply kept quiet,
probably no one else would have ever known about it and they could have retained
the trophy.

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To their eternal credit, the team and the town,
dejected though they were, rallied behind the school’s decision. The coach said,
"We didn’t know he was ineligible at the time … but you’ve got to do what’s
honest and right and what the rules say. I told my team that people forget the
scores of the games; they don’t ever forget what you’re made of."

In the minds of most, it didn’t matter that the championship title was
forfeited. The coach and the team were still champions — in more ways than one.
Could each of us have mustered the courage under similar circumstances to
do as they did?

Commencement addresses at both high schools and colleges are full of paeans
and platitudes that reduce to one cliché: "You are the future." Well, that’s an
important point but it’s also something we already know because it’s pretty
self-evident, wouldn’t you say? So I’ll not tell you in a dozen different ways
that the future is yours. I have a different message.

I want to talk to you about one thing that is more important than all the
good grades you’ve earned, more important than all the high school and college
degrees you’ve begun today to accumulate, and indeed, more important than all
the knowledge you’ll ever absorb in your lifetimes. It’s something over which
every responsible, thinking adult has total, personal control and yet
millions of people every year sacrifice it for very little. It will not only
define and shape your future, it will put both a concrete floor under it and an
iron ceiling over it. It’s what the world will remember you for more than
probably anything else. It’s not your looks, it’s not your talents, it’s not
your ethnicity and ultimately, it may not even be anything you ever say. What is
this incredibly powerful thing I’m talking about? In a word, it’s character.

Character by the boatload is what the coach and the players in Conyers,
Georgia, possessed. And what an example they set! People like me who have never
met them will be telling that story for a long, long time. People who do
know them surely must admire and look up to them with great pride and respect.
Thank God for people with character. They set the standard and exert a pressure
on everyone to strive to meet it.

Here’s another example from personal experience: In my travels to some 65
countries around the world, I have witnessed many sterling examples of personal
character (as well as the startling lack of it), but this is one of the best.

In 1989 I visited Cambodia with my late friend, Dr. Haing S. Ngor (who won an Academy Award for his role in the movie "The
Killing Fields"). In advance of the trip, there was considerable local press
attention because I was rustling up donated medical supplies to take with me to
give to a hospital in the capital, Phnom Penh. A woman from a local church who
saw the news stories called and explained that a few years before, her church
had helped Cambodian families who had escaped from the Khmer Rouge communists
and resettled in my town of Midland, Michigan. The families had moved on to
other locations in the U.S. but stayed in touch with the woman who called me and
other friends they had made in Midland.

The woman — Sharon Hartlein is her name — said she had told her Cambodian
friends about my pending visit. Each family asked if I would take letters with
cash enclosed to their relatives in Cambodia. I said yes. Three of the families
were in Phnom Penh and easy to find, but one was many miles away in Battambang.
Going there would have involved a train ride, some personal risk, and a lot of
time it turned out I didn’t have. I was advised in any event not to
return with any money. If I couldn’t locate any of the families I was told to
just give the cash to any needy Cambodian I could find (and they were
everywhere!).

On the day before my return home, when I realized I just wasn’t going to make
it to Battambang, I approached a man in tattered clothes who I had seen several
times in the hotel lobby. He always smiled and said hello, and spoke enough
English that we had had some short conversations. He, like most Cambodians at
that time, was extremely poor. I told him I had an envelope with a letter and
$200 in it, intended for a family in Battambang. I asked him if he thought he
could get it to them and I told him he could keep $50 of it if he did. He
consented, and we said goodbye. I assumed I would never hear anything of what
had become of either him or the money.

Several months later, I got an excited call from Sharon, the local woman who
had originally called me about taking those letters. She said she had just
received a letter from the Cambodians in Virginia whose family in Battambang
that envelope was intended for. When she read it on the phone, I couldn’t help
but shed a few tears. The letter said "Thank you for the two hundred dollars!"

That poor man found his way to Battambang, and he not only didn’t keep the
$50 I said he could keep, he somehow found a way to pay for the $10 train ride
himself. Now, that is character! I think I would probably trust my life
in his hands, even though I never got to know him and didn’t ask him for his
address.

To help us understand what character is, let me tell you
what the absence of it looks like. Sadly, evidence of a lack of character is in
abundance these days.

In 1995, students on the quiz team at Steinmetz
High School in Chicago made national news when it was discovered that they had
cheated to win a statewide academic contest. With the collaboration of their
teacher, they had worked from a stolen copy of a test to look up and memorize
the correct answers in advance. Perhaps worse than the initial deed was the
attitude of the same students five years later, expressed in the New York Times
by one of them this way: "Apologize for what? I would do it again."

What a contrast to the values on display in the
Conyers story — and even more so the Cambodian one! No one would say that the
teacher or those students in Chicago exhibited character in the positive sense
that I am using the term here today. Assume for a moment that the Chicago
students had never been caught. Knowing everything else that I’ve told you in
these true stories, which group of students would you most want to be like — the
ones in Conyers who walked away from a trophy or the ones in Chicago who cheated
to win a contest? If you said Conyers, then you have a conscience. You have
character, and hopefully a lot of it. And you know something of the inestimable
value of being able to look back on your life some day and know that you tried
hard in every circumstance to do the right thing.

I love the words of the Apostle Paul, in prison,
shortly before he was martyred. It is recorded in Scripture as II Timothy 4:7:
"I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith."
He had character, even in the midst of extreme adversity. If he had sacrificed
it for short-term, selfish gain, all his good words and deeds would hardly carry
the weight they do today, nearly 20 centuries later.

A deficit of character shows up every time somebody
who knows what the right thing to do is neither defends it nor does it because
doing so might mean a little discomfort or inconvenience. I work in the field of
public policy, which brings me into contact often with legislators, congressmen
and candidates for public office. Far too many times I’ve heard, "I know you’re
right but I can’t say so or vote that way because I won’t get reelected."

You can blame a politician when he behaves that way
but don’t forget the voters who put him in that spot. I see character deficits
every time I see people pressuring the government to give them something at the
expense of others, something which they know in their very gut should come
instead from their own efforts and merit.

Perhaps we should ask, "Where does character come
from?" or, putting the question slightly differently, "Why is it that when we
speak of character, we all seem to know what it is that we’re talking about?"
Well, theologians and philosophers can speak to this much better than I. But I
will say this: There is something in the way that we humans are wired. Down deep
within us we have a sense of what is right and what is wrong, what is good and
what is bad. And when we ignore our wiring, something within us — that voice we
call our conscience — cries out to us that such and such is simply wrong. In
complex situations, the voice can be difficult to discern, and we can even learn
how to dull that voice into submission, but we cannot really deny that it is
there. It is simply the human experience. We can argue about its origins, but it
is there.

When a person spurns his conscience and fails to do
what he knows is right, he subtracts from his character. When he evades his
responsibilities, succumbs to temptation, foists his problems and burdens on
others, or fails to exert self-discipline, he subtracts from his character. When
he is so self-absorbed he ceases to be of service to others unless there’s
something in it for him, he subtracts from his character. When he attempts to
reform the world without reforming himself first, he subtracts from his
character.

As I’ve written elsewhere, a person’s character is
nothing more and nothing less than the sum of his choices. You can’t choose your
height or race or many other physical traits, but you fine tune your character
every time you decide right from wrong and what you personally are going to do
about it. Your character is further defined by how you choose to interact with
others and the standards of speech and conduct you practice. Character is often
listed as a key leadership quality. I actually think character and leadership
are one and the same. If you’ve got character, others will look upon you as a
leader.

Ravaged by conflict and corruption, the world is
starving for people of character. Indeed, as much as anything, it is on this
matter that the fate of individual liberty has always depended. A free society
flourishes when people seek to be models of honor, honesty and propriety at
whatever the cost in material wealth, social status or popularity. It descends
into barbarism when they abandon what’s right in favor of self-gratification at
the expense of others; when lying, cheating or stealing are winked at instead of
shunned. If you want to be free, if you want to live in a free society, you must
assign top priority to raising the caliber of your character and learning from
those who already have it in spades. If you do not govern yourself, you will be
governed.

Character means that there are no matters too small to handle the right way.
Former football star and Congressman J.C. Watts once said that your character is
defined by what you do when no one is looking. Cutting corners because "it won’t
matter much" or "no one will notice" still knocks your character down a notch
and can easily become a slippery slope. "Unless you are faithful in small
matters," we learn in Luke 16:10, "you will not be faithful in large ones."

Here’s an example of exemplary character from a recent movie, Ron Howard’s "Cinderella
Man." How many of you saw it? The film is a masterpiece from start to finish
but I especially loved an early scene in which boxer James Braddock (played by
Russell Crowe) learns that his young son has stolen a sausage. The family is
hungry and destitute at the bottom of the
Great Depression. The boy was fearful that, like one of his friends whose
parents couldn’t provide enough to eat, he would be sent to live with relatives
who could afford the expense. Braddock does not hesitate on the matter for a
second. He immediately escorts the boy to the store to return the sausage and
apologize to the butcher. He then lectures his son:

"There’s a lot of people worse off than we are. And just because things ain’t
easy, that don’t give you the excuse to take what’s not yours, does it? That’s
stealing, right? We don’t steal. No matter what happens, we don’t steal. Not
ever. You got me?"

His son replies, "Yes," but Braddock presses the point, two more times: "Are
you giving me your word?"

"Yes."

"Come on."

"I promise."

Braddock’s character ascends to new heights later in the film when he does
what no welfare recipient is ever asked to do and what perhaps not one in a
million has ever done: He pays the taxpayers back. Now that is character! And he
certainly knew how to encourage those qualities in his son — both by his words
and by his example.

Hollywood turns out so little these days that inspires character but last
year it did produce another movie that I rank among the very best of all time.
I’ve seen it four times since it came out last fall. It’s "The
Greatest Game Ever Played," the true story of the son of an immigrant,
Francis Ouimet, who won the 1913 U.S. Open Golf Championship at the age of 20.
Buy it, or rent it, and watch it as a study in character. Both the main figure,
Francis, and the story’s secondary hero, Harry Vardon, ooze character from every
pore. The traits they so magnificently exhibit include professionalism,
perseverance, integrity, sportsmanship and honor. You watch that movie and
you’ll come away with boundless admiration for Francis and Harry and it’s not so
much for their great golf abilities as it is because of their sterling
characters.

In history, the men and women we most admire and best remember are those
whose character stands out because they lived it 24 hours every day and did not
compromise it. They are not like that fictional character played by the great
comedian Groucho Marx, who said, "Those are my principles! If you don’t like
them, well, I have others."

George Washington was perhaps our best president because he knew at every
moment that maintaining the highest standards in every aspect of life, public
and private, was critical to putting the new nation on the right path. A man of
lesser character might not have carried us through such a critical period, or
would have put us on a different and more perilous path.

Washington understood the link between character and liberty. Listen to him
speaking to the nation in his Farewell Address of 1796:

"It is substantially true that virtue and morality is a necessary spring of
popular government. The rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every
species of free government. Who that is a sincere friend to it can look with
indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric?"

And Washington was not alone.

James Madison wrote in 1788 that "To suppose that any form of government will
secure liberty or happiness without any virtue in the people, is a chimerical
idea." Chimerical, by the way, is akin to fantasy.

How could I give a speech at the Thomas Jefferson Independent Day School
without citing your namesake! Listen to Jefferson’s words of wisdom on this
issue of character:

Give up money, give up fame, give up science, give up the earth itself and
all it contains, rather than do an immoral act. And never suppose, that in any
possible situation, or under any circumstances, it is best for you to do a
dishonorable thing, however slightly so it may appear to you. Whenever you are
to do a thing, though it can never be known but to yourself, ask yourself how
you would act were all the world looking at you, and act accordingly.

Encourage all your virtuous dispositions, and exercise them whenever an
opportunity arises; being assured that they will gain strength by exercise, as a
limb of the body does, and that exercise will make them habitual. From the
practice of the purest virtue, you may be assured you will derive the most
sublime comforts in every moment of life, and in the moment of death. If ever
you find yourself environed with difficulties and perplexing circumstances, out
of which you are at a loss how to extricate yourself, do what is right, and be
assured that that will extricate you the best out of the worst situations.
Though you cannot see, when you take one step, what will be the next, yet follow
truth, justice, and plain dealing, and never fear their leading you out of the
labyrinth, in the easiest manner possible. The knot which you thought a Gordian
one, will untie itself before you. Nothing is so mistaken as the supposition,
that a person is to extricate himself from a difficulty, by intrigue, by
chicanery, by dissimulation, by trimming, by an untruth, by an injustice. This
increases the difficulties ten fold; and those who pursue these methods, get
themselves so involved at length, that they can turn no way but their infamy
becomes more exposed.

What those Founders were getting at is the notion that liberty is built upon
the ability of a society to govern itself, without government intervention. And
this ability to self-govern, is itself built upon — you guessed it — individual
character.

Here’s a name you may not have heard of:
Fanny Crosby. Fanny Crosby holds the record for having written more hymns
than any other human being — at least 8,000 — including the popular “Blessed
Assurance.” She died in 1915 at the age of 95. She was the first woman in our
history to address the United States Congress. She personally met or knew every
president of the United States from John Quincy Adams to Woodrow Wilson, maybe
more than any other single person in our country’s history, alive or dead. And
guess what? She never in her 95 years had any recollection of ever having
seen a thing. She was blind from the age of six months. When she addressed
Congress she spoke of how important it was for a person’s character to shine so
it could overcome any and all handicaps and obstacles. Many who knew her
regarded her as a saint of enormous inspiration.

Almost three years ago, my best friend and business colleague
Joe Overton was killed in a plane crash at the age of 43. He taught me more
about the importance of character than anyone else I have ever known. He could
teach it because he lived it. While composing a
eulogy for his funeral, I came across a few lines about what the world
needs. I’ve never learned who the author was so I can’t offer appropriate
credit, and in any event, I added a lot to it. It not only describes what the
world desperately needs, it described my friend Joe to a "T." I share it with
you as I close:

The world needs more men and women who do not have a price at which they
can be bought; who do not borrow from integrity to pay for expediency; who have
their priorities straight and in proper order; whose handshake is an ironclad
contract; who are not afraid of taking risks to advance what is right; and who
are honest in small matters as they are in large ones.

The world needs more men and women whose ambitions are big enough to
include others; who know how to win with grace and lose with dignity; who do not
believe that shrewdness and cunning and ruthlessness are the three keys to
success; who still have friends they made twenty years ago; who put principle
and consistency above politics or personal advancement; and who are not afraid
to go against the grain of popular opinion.

The world needs more men and women who do not forsake what is right just
to get consensus because it makes them look good; who know how important it is
to lead by example, not by barking orders; who would not have you do something
they would not do themselves; who work to turn even the most adverse
circumstances into opportunities to learn and improve; and who love even those
who have done some injustice or unfairness to them. The world, in other words,
needs more men and women of character.

Graduates, as you enjoy many well-deserved good wishes today, make this day
the start of a lifelong commitment to building character. Be the kind of
virtuous example that others will respect, admire, emulate and remember. You’ll
not only go to your reward some day with a smile and a clear conscience, you
will enhance many other lives along the way. How can any of us settle for any
less?

Thank you.

#####

Lawrence W. Reed is president of the Mackinac Center for
Public Policy, a research and educational institute headquartered in Midland,
Mich. Permission to reprint in whole or in part is hereby granted, provided that
the author and the Center are properly cited.