There have been many calls to extend our understandings of career development beyond the boundaries of the organization (e.g. Arthur, Inkson, & Pringle, 1999; Hall, 2002). Indeed this Handbook is just one of many works that vividly illustrate the reach of the career concept, transcending work organizations and including domestic, educational and leisure spheres. However, in this chapter we pay attention to organizational contexts. We examine and review some of the ways in which the relationship between individuals and organizations have been theorized, and the role of career in this dynamic interplay.