THE FOLLOWING text represents only the beginning of a family study and is not to be considered a final or polished product. It is, indeed, more a compilation of information, and much of the material is “cribbed” so this is not for general publication – a later edition of all original material is anticipated. This record is a draft copy and meant for family use only, in the hopes it will stimulate further input.

The lineage which is followed here includes material on the following major families:

JONES
MCNEILL
MCDONALD
SCOTT
SEDDON
POSGATE

Additional information on other bloodlines and allied families is also given. For those persons wishing to track the various connections the following guide is given:

Much of the information is necessarily brief: At the beginning of this study, family , members known to the author did not have available significant data, and so the reliance for the early work is on third party sources, which involves a great deal of search, explore, and search again.

I am grateful to those family members whose input was useful, including Glenn Duthie , Janet Seddon Flavell, Wayne William Posgate, and Keith and Derek Jones.

This small text is dedicated to the late Terrence Idris Jones, who remains the sole inspiration for it, and who came to America on a search, and who found much of what he sought.

Thom Montgomery, Ph. D., CADAC II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION ONE FAMILY CHRONICLES

I. JONES FAMILY OF WALES AND NEW ZEALAND
II. MCNEILL FAMILY OF SCOTLAND AND NEW ZEALAND
III. SEDDON FAMILY OF SOUTHPORT
IV. POSGATE FAMILY OF YORKSHIRE
V. SCOTT FAMILY OF EAST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
VI. MCDONALD FAMILY OF IRELAND AND SCOTLAND

SECTION TWO: FAMILY CONNECTIONS

I. NUTTALL FAMILY OF WIGAN AND ORMSKIRK, LANCS.
II. BROOKS FAMILY OF BOLTON LE MOORS
III. BLAIN FAMILY OF IRELAND AND LANCASHIRE, ENG
IV. TONGE FAMILY OF BOLTON LE MOORS
V. LOMAX/GREENHALGE FAMILY OF BOLTON LE MOORS
VI. MORRIS FAMILY OF CHORLEY, LANCS.
VII. NOBLE FAMILY OF YORKSHIRE
VIII. TINKER FAMILY
IX. DOVE FAMILY

Jones is a common name in the British Empire, meaning “son of John.” A DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH AND WELSH SURNAMES WITH SPECIAL AMERICAN INSTANCES [Charles Waring Bardsley, MP; Heraldry Today; London; 1901] states also that the name means “John or Johan or Jone as at first written and pronounced both masculine and feminine. In the 13th and 14th centuries Johan stood for both Johannes and Johanna. This being awkward, the masculine took the form John [Jon].”

The family with which we are dealing had its earliest proven ancestry in Wales, on the Isle of Anglesey, known in Roman times as Mona Insulis. The area is famous as the site of the battle between the Roman general, Paulinius, and the Druids. Writes John Griffiths from Holyhead, in the BBC website on Anglesey:

“Like many periods of unrest throughout history, the prime mover for the Roman assault and invasion of Anglesey lay in the religious significance posed by Druidism. The Celts were not a fanatically religious people but the Romans saw Druidism as a serious menace – and Anglesey, spiritual home of the Druids and the last remaining bastion of Druidism in the British Isles – as the centre of that threat…. Meanwhile, on the far bank, thousands of tribesmen gathered. Whilst the Druids invoked dark forces on the invaders, the tribesmen beat their shields with the flat of their swords and cheered, jeered and insulted the Romans. Women – wild painted, shrieking madly – danced naked through the irregular ranks and waved torches of fire to warm their men folk to the heat of battle. The Roman historian Tacitus recorded that many of the soldiery stood ‘watching fearfully, their limbs shaking in terror’.”

The Romans were victorious. The Druids they conquered and nearly wiped out in that bloody battle, however, were replaced by no less fierce peoples, the Celtic Welsh, who tied up the British monarchy for centuries.

Additional historical footnotes closer to the time period in which we pick up this family lineage, are found in Britannia Depicta; Emanuel Bowen; 1720, which states:

“The Island of MONA or ANGLESEY is in circumference 60 miles, contains about 200,000 Acres, 74 Parishes & 1840 Houses, has 2 Market Towns, one of which [viz] Beaumaris sends a Member to Parliament. This island was anciently called Insula Opaca, from the great quantity of Wood with which it was over grown, but now it is very bare of trees, especially in ye Northern & Western parts. The Principal Comodities of this Island are Corn, Cattle, Fish & Fowl, which it produces in such abundance that the Welsh call it Mam Cymru, i. e. the Mother or Nurse of Wales. The Air at certain times by reason of the Mists and Foggs that proceed from ye Irish Sea is Aguish. The Soil is Rocky and Mountainous, it affords plenty of Grind Stones, Milstones, &c.”

We begin the story of the particular Jones family with whom we deal in the parish of Llanfihangel Esceifiog, whose name refers to St. Michael. The family was resident in the area for at least three generations and three centuries: Hugh, his son Robert and Robert’s son, Hugh, covering the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries.

HUGH JONES

b. Abt 1797
d. After 1864

Married: Ann Roberts
She born ca. 1791

Occupation: Labourer

Children: John b. c. 1820, Robert b. c. 1821, Elizabeth b. c. 1831.

Records for Hugh, Robert’s father, are hard to locate with any certainty. We believe he is Hugh Jones, age 48, an agricultural labourer, his wife Anne Roberts, age 50, who appear in the 1841 census with children John, 20, agricultural labourer [the same age as Robert Jones], Elizabeth, age 10. In the 1841 census, in Llanfihangel Esceifiog there are at least three of the Roberts family who are shoemakers, including the 66 year old William Roberts, 30 year old Robert Roberts and the 20 year old Owen Roberts.

Also, in nearby Llangefni, in 1841, in the household of John Jones, sawyer, and his wife Mary, both aged 70, is a Robert Jones, aged 20, a shoemaker. A quite likely scenario is for John, b. c. 1771 and Mary to have had a son, Hugh, b. c. 1793, who had a son Robert born 1821. The general puzzle of how the son of a laborer became a shoemaker would be answered by Robert studying under one of his uncles or his Grandfather William Roberts. And his having gone to live with his grandfather John Jones by 1841 would also explain why there is no Robert Jones aged 20 living in the household of a Hugh Jones in 1841 in the general vicinity of Llanfihangel Esceifiog.

We know that Robert’s father was still living in 1864 when Robert married his second wife Ellen Williams.

Appearances to the contrary, the two Williams girls Robert married are not sisters. Jane Williams was the daughter of Owen Williams, Stone Mason, while Ellen was the daughter of Owen Williams, labourer.

Robert married Jane Williams 28 October,1845. The wedding appears to have been a Williams affair: the couple were married in the Parish Church in Llandyfnan “by Banns” by the rector, William Williams: witnesses were Griffith Williams and Morris Williams. Robert signed his name, Jane signed by her mark. None of these Williams men seem related: Griffith Williams, a tailor, was the son of Richard and Mary Williams, while Morris was already married and too old to be the son of Richard.

Jane appears to have died between 1851 and 1861.

Robert Jones appears in the 1851 and 1861 census records of Anglesey. Was widowed by 1861 when he was living on Ty Gwyn Road in Lanfihangel Esceifiog, Anglesey, Wales.

His second marriage, to Ellen Williams, occurred 5 June 1867. At the time, Robert was listed as a shoemaker, living in Gaerwen, Llanfihangel Esceifiog, the son of Hugh Jones, a labourer. The marriage was celebrated at the Register Office by John Lloyd, Deputy Registrar. Owen Parry and Jane Williams stood as witnesses.

The Robert of 1851 was an agricultural laborer, and a resident of Llanfihangel Esceifiog, Anglesey. He lived with his wife, Jane, and children Owen, Hugh and Jane. In 1861, Robert was listed as a “cobbler” or shoemaker, widowed, with children Hugh, Jane and John. In 1871, Robert Jones of Llanfihangel Esceifiog, Anglesey is living with his second wife, Ellen, and their sons Robert C., age 3 and John age 1 on Ty Gwyn Road. In 1881 the couple are still in Llanfihangel Esceifiog, Anglesey, on Caerbellaw Road, abutting Ty Gwyn Road, and with them Is Robert’s father-in-law Owen Williams, age 78. Gaerwen, Hugh Pughe Jones’ birthplace, is a part of the Llanfihangel Esceifiog general parish.

In 1861, Owen, the older son, was working as a farmhand in Llanfihangel Esceifiog, in the household of Elizabeth Roberts, probably his aunt, a 66 year old widow on Llwynogan road. His future beyond that is unknown, though he may be the Owen Jones who, in 1891, was living in Llanfihangel Esceifiog as a bachelor farmer with 38 year old Margaret Williams as his housekeeper. Not far away is a Robert Jones, age 28 [born ca. 1863] and his wife Catherine, a farm laborer. Both Owen and Robert of this census were said to be born in Llanfihangel Esceifiog.

John, son of Robert and Jane, appears to have died before 1870, when Robert and Ellen had a son John.

Appears in the Wrexham census records of 1881, 1891 and 1901. It is a matter of interest that they are neighbors in 1881 and 1891 to the Nuttall family, who have connections with the Seddons of Lancashire, into which family Idwal Idris Jones married.

Listed in Casey’s Wrexham Directory of 1876 as a tailor and draper in Adwy-r-clawdd, and in Slater’s Directory of Wrexham in 1891 as a tailor at 2 Vicarage Hill, Wrexham. His home address in the 1891 census is confirmed as 2 Vicarage Hill. In 1901 he was living at 24 Mostyn Villas, Watery Road, Wrexham.

It may be Hugh’s sons Hugh Griffith and John who are also listed in Slater’s Directory of Wrexham in 1891 as tailors.

His wife Ann Ellen is said to have spoken only Welsh, per the census records, and Hugh spoke both Welsh and English. In the census of 1881, she may be the Ann Ellen Hughes listed as a servant in the household of John Roberts at 6 Towns End, Beaumaris, District 9.

Idwal moved to the Isle of Man about the time of his marriage. Here his son Derek was born at Barregarrow, Kirk Michael. Idwal was a “Gentleman’s Outfitter apprentice” according to his son Derek’s birth certificate. The address in 1932 was Rose Cottage. The family moved to New Zealand in 1952 , where he managed a premier department store [Smith and Caughey’s] in Auckland.

Lord only knows what took Idris and his bride to the Isle of Man. Barregarrow is a small cross roads – According to a website regarding the site, Barregarrow is “the location of a postbox, a traditional red telephone box and one of the first Wesleyan Methodist chapels on the Island. Opposite the chapel is a building used in the past as the chapel hall, a local Sunday school, and a metal works. The building is now home to a seasonal carpentry firm.”

The Manx name is Bayr Garroo. The primary claim to fame is the annual Tourist trophy run here in May and June, when the crossroads is virtually closed down for practice and the actual race. It is also closed in August each year for the running of the Manx Grand Prix.

The Tourist Trophy [abbreviated TT] course runs past Rose Cottage – “The left hand side – from, but not including the private residence ‘Rose Cottage’, to the private residence ‘Holly Lodge’ to a depth of 3 metres.”

Rose Cottage, Idris’ and Margaret’s home when their son Derek was born in 1932, is still standing. It appears to be an unpretentious building [see photo] but somewhat commodious.

As was noted, Barregarrow is also famous as the site of one of the first Wesleyan Methodist Chapels on the Isle, a small chapel which still stands.

Barregarrow serves as a convenient location for touring riders to retire during races prior to the high speed approach to Kirk Michael village two miles further on. The Isle of Man dog warden, a boarding kennels and camp-site are located at Cronk Aashen in Barregarrow and serves as a main spectator facility during the motorcycling periods on the Island.
In 1932 the race was graced by the presence of HRH Prince George, later King of England. Highlights of that year included a surprising victory over previous champions:

“Earlier in the week the determined Woods had achieved the first part of what was to be a double for him and for [the] Norton [motorbike], in the Junior. In contrast to the Senior, he was pushed all the way by the Rudge [motor bikes] of [Wal] Handley and Tyrell-Smith, establishing a new lap record of 78.62mph as he fought off Handley to win with two minutes to spare.
There was a big surprise in the Lightweight, where Rudge were expected to rule supreme. Instead a real outsider, New Imperial rider Leo Davenport, overcame the Rudge challenge presented by Graham Walker and Handley to secure a famous victory. He was in fifth place at the end of the first lap, but fought back to lead by the sixth.”

Idwal Idris died July 31, 1987. According to researcher Janet Seddon Flavell, he was cremated and buried at Purewa Cemetery, Auckland, NZ.

Not much data is available at this time for the McNeill family. The name itself is of Irish origin, with an Icelandic connection, which migrted to Scotland. [A DICTIONARY OF SURNAMES; Patrick Hanks and Flavia Hodges; Oxford University Press; Oxford; 1991]: “Neil [McNeil] Irish, Scots and English; from a given name of Irish origin, Gael Niall…thought to mean champion. This was adopted by Norsemen in the form of Njall and was brought to England both directly from Iceland by Scandinavian settlers and indirectly by the Normans…O’Neill is the usual Irish form of this very common surname. The O ‘Neills are a branch of the ancient royal family of Tara…the red hand of Ulster is taken from the arms of the O’Neill family…”

Additionally, the SCOTTISH CLAN & FAMILY ENCYCLOPEDIA [George Way; Barnes & Noble Books; N. Y.; 1998] tells us of the chief of the Clan: “The Clan MacNeil claims descent from Niall, a descendant of Aodh O’Neil, King of the North of Ireland at the beginning of the eleventh century. Aodh was twentieth in descent from Niall of the Nine Hostages, the pagan fifth century founder of the mighty U’Neill dynasty. Niall came to the island of Barra in the Outer Hebrides around 1049, and is reckoned the first chief…Neil Macneil, fifth of Barra, was described as a prince at a Council of the Isles in 1252. He was still the chief when King Haakon’s army was defeated at Largs in 1263, ending the Norwegian domination of the Hebrides. His son, Neil og Macneil is believed to have fought with Robert the Bruse at Bannockburn. He was rewarded with lands in north Kintyre…..[T]he fifteenth chief…was denounced so many times before the Privy Council that he has been described as a ‘hereditary outlaw’ and was known as ‘the turbulent’ or Ruari the Tatar.’ He has been described as the last of the Vikings, raiding from his island castole of Kisimul…Ruari, who lived by the sword, was probably not surprised when his own nephews launched an attack on Kisimul in 1610. They captured their uncle and put him in chains. His son Neil Og became chief. He had a more conventional attitude towards central authority and was appointed a Colonel of Horse by King Charles. He fought at the Battle of Worcester in 1651. His grandson, Roderick Dhu, the Black, was well received at court….The Macneils were Jacobites, and Black Roderick led his clansmen to fight for James VII at Killiecrankie in 1689. He remained lyal to the cause and rallied…at the Rising of 1715. His tgwo sons, Roderick and James, went into exile in France. They returned on their father’s death and, for his Jacobite sympathies, Roderick was consigned to a prison ship, the Royal Sovereign. He was later taken to London and was not released until July 1747. The estates, however, were not forfeited…General Roderick Macneil…was forced to sell Barra in 1838. The general had no children, and the chiefship passed to a cousin, whose line had emigrated to America at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It was from the New World that the father of the present chief came to reclaim Kismul…in 1937…his son, who is a Professor of Law, divides his time between Barra, Edinburgh and the USA.”

JOHN MCNEILL
b. c. 1850, d. ??
Born at Cockpen, Edinburgh County, Scotland.

In the 1881 census, the family is living on Brick Block No. 2, Newbattle, Midlothian.

In the 1901 Census of Scotland, the widowed Ann and her children are living at 16 Church Street, Tranent, East Lothian. Living with them is Ann’s father, Archibald Scott, age 79, and a “boarder” – a 4 year old named Katie Coyne. Ann is said to be a laundress, William a coal miner, and Ann the younger a general servant.

WILLIAM MCNEILL

b. ca. 1879 d. ???

Married Margaret McDonald on 3 February 1906, she b. c. 1887. d. ??

Known children: John McNeill; James McNeill; Annie; Tiss; Others: ??

Occupation: Foreman, Yardsman.

William McNeill's earliest known record is at Musselburgh.

UNDISCOVERED SCOTLAND, a website devoted to tours of Scotland, states that “Musselburgh lies just seven miles east of Edinburgh and is a strong contender for the title of Scotland’s oldest town. It was first settled by the Romans in the years following their invasion of Scotland in AD80. They built a fort a little inland from the mouth of the River Esk and bridged the river here. In doing so they established the line of the main eastern approach to Scotland’s capital for most of the next two thousand years.

“The bridge built by the Romans outlasted them by many centuries. It was rebuilt on the original Roman foundations some time before 1300, and in 1597 it was rebuilt again, this time with a third arch added on the east side of the river. The Old Bridge is also known as the Roman Bridge and remains in use today by pedestrians. To its north is the New Bridge built in 1806. This in turn was considerably widened in 1925.
“Other recognisable parts of Musselburgh began to take shape in the 1500s. The castle-like Tolbooth which still dominates the High Street appeared in 1590. The earlier tower incorporated at its west end seems to have been built under Dutch influence, probably at the end of the 1400s. This was one of the few buildings in Musselburgh to survive a sacking by Henry VIII’s English army during the “Rough Wooing” in 1544 (see our Historical Timeline). The late 1500s also saw the building of Pinkie House, to the south east of the High Street.
“By 1690 Musselburgh had a larger population than Leith, with a high proportion employed in the area’s woollen mills and coal mines. Meanwhile, a fishing harbour had been established at Fisherrow, to the west of the River Esk.
“Leisure also became increasingly important to Musselburgh. Proximity to Edinburgh, a nice seaside location, and increasingly good transport links led to Musselburgh’s rapid growth as an upmarket dormitory and resort. A golf course had been established to the east of the town at least as early as 1672, and many claim it was the world’s first proper golf course, with Mary Queen of Scots an early enthusiast in the 1560s….
“Modern Musselburgh was bypassed by the A1 as recently as 1987, taking it off the main road into Edinburgh for the first time in 1900 years. But it remains a busy town whose fortunes and property prices have been strongly linked to the the economic boom in Edinburgh. It also remains an attractive town with many interesting buildings, a racecourse, a harbour, and spectacular views across the River Forth and along it towards Edinburgh: plus its own stately home, Newhailes, and the attractive Inveresk Lodge Garden.”

At the time of his marriage, William was living on Mitchell Street in Musselburgh, and was age 22. His father was listed as John McNeill, deceased. Witnesses to the marriage were Thomas Lamb and Catherine McNeill.

The 1901 census of Scotland shows William, age 22, living with his mother and siblings [see Scott family] at 16 Church Street in Tranent, East Lothian, Scotland. He was a coal miner, said to have been born in Edinburgh. The family was still in Scotland when their son John was born in Musselburgh. They left for New Zealand in 1912, according to John’s death certificate.

There are McNeills still in Tranent: [1996] “TREES have been planted at Tranent's Ross High School in memory of the victims of the Dunblane Massacre and the school's former chemistry teacher. Staff pupils and local residents gathered in the grounds of the school for the poignant ceremony, in which a rowan tree was planted in memory of chemistry teacher William McNeill, who died in September. A silver birch was planted in memory of the 16 P1 children and their teacher, Gwen Mayor, who were shot dead at Dunblane Primary.”

Of his children, Anne married, ________ Bevington, and has 2 children: Clinton [perhaps Clayton] and Patty, last known living in Bank Street, Whangarei, and Tiss married ___________ Gamble and had five children, four of whom died relatively young: James, Neil, Colleen, Teddy – the fifth child, her daughter, Nancy married a man surnamed Blundell. Still believed to be living [October 2007]

John was listed as living in Okaihau in 1932 at the time of his marriage. His son-in-law said in 2007 that he recalled only that John was very reserved, and was a War veteran, living in Kingsland in 1954.

Of his service, we know that he was captured by the Germans and served time in Stalags VIII A and VIII B. Stalag VIII A was famous for one of its early captives, Olivier Messiaen, who composed one of his more famous pieces there, the Quartet for the End of Time. Stalag VIII B was less fortunate.

War records show that John was in Egypt at least from 17 September, 1940 through 3 December 1940 reported as a Prisoner of War on 18 May 1941. He was known to be in Stalag VIII A as early as 29 November 1943, and in Stalag VIII B, P.O.W. Number 33294, by the time of his return to the U. K. on 11 May 1945.

As a result of his war service, John was qualified for the Africa Star, a copy of which is in possession of his grandson.

His death certificate, registered at Whangerai, gives us a few more details, listing his then address at Maungekeranes. He was said to have been living in New Zealand for 66 years, which would have brought the family to the country in 1912.

Last known address was Site 56, Orewa Park Motor Camp, State Highway 1, Orewa.

In November 2007, Jacqueline McNeill Duthie, her sister, wrote “I feel I must say something about Terry’s mum. She was known in the family as Peg or Peggy as it was confusing with her and mum having the same name. It became more so when she married Pat Geary. Michael may know more about that. I’m trying to confirm a marriage to a Tracy.

“Peg and I were like chalk and cheese. I think we must have come from
different planets. She was a very talented dancer, Highland dancing when she
was young and then Latin American and Modern if that’s what it was called,
waltzing, foxtrot etc.

“From about 18 yrs that is all that she lived for and the most important thing
in her life was herself.

“Michael and I both lost touch with her many years ago so what the later part
of her life was like we have no idea.”

While her death certificate erroneously states she was “never married”, the truth is she was married three times.

From what we have discovered through a friend of mums who has contacts in some genealogy thing is that Patricia died on 6th October 1995. She was cremated on 9th October after a short committal ceremony.

This was at the North Shore Cemetery – “Snapper Rock”

Her ashes were picked up by her step son? Larry Jay Tracy last known address 32 Christian Rd, Swanson Auckland.

Mum is looking into the marriage details to try and find when she got married for the 3rd time.

They have 4 boys Craig 4.1.61 Glenn William 7.9.62 Dene 8.5.64 and Earl 21.4.66. [Born to Jcqueline and Gordon James Duthie]

Do you want details of our families? Mum has a brother Michael John Paul or Paul John? McNeill married to Hika she is from Samoa or Tonga. They have 4 children of which 2 are Michaels. Michael knows more about the McNeill side of the family as he lived with them up around the Whangarei area. Mum can put you in touch with him.

Writes Jacqueline McNeill Duthie :

“I am very proud of my boys, they are all successful in their chosen careers.

“Craig has his own accountancy firm, Glen is a Pastor, Dene is in charge of
Search and Rescue for the NZ Police in the Auckland area, Earl is a Business
Development manager for a computer firm. He has about 8 months to go to
finish his studies for his Diplomas in Therapeutic and Clinical Sports
Massage.

“I have 4 wonderful daughter-in-laws, Suzanne, Andrea, Shiralee and Rita, and
7 super grand kids Sean 14 he belongs to Craig and Suzanne. Kerri nearly 15,
Leonie11 and Megan 6 belong to Dene and Shiralee. Alisha 9 end of Nov, Ryan
7 end of Nov and Daniel 15 months all belong to Earl and Rita.”

MICHAEL PETER JOHN MCNEILL

Md: Hika [She is from Samoa or Tonga].

“They have 4 children of which 2 are Michaels. Michael knows more about the McNeill side of the family as he lived with them up around the Whangarei area. Mum can put you in touch with him. ”

[Data to come]

SEDDON FAMILY OF SOUTHPORT

Information on this family is somewhat sketchy at this time, especially for the lineage before 1778. However, in on-line correspondence on the Seddon Family Forum, writer “Feona” in answer to Lynn Ransom Burton, writes: “The remains of [my great uncle’s research] suggest that the Seddon family were among a group of Flemish weavers who came over [from Sedan] in the 1300s.”

The earliest of our Seddon family were located in Chorley as early as the mid-18th Century.

Says Wikipedia:

Chorley is a market town in Lancashire, England, south of Preston and at the foot of the West Pennine Moors and home to the Chorley cake. It is the seat for the Borough of Chorley which is made up of Chorley and its surrounding villages. Chorley had a population of 33,424 as of the 2001 census, with the wider borough of Chorley having a population of 101,991. Chorley forms a conurbation with Preston and Leyland and was designated as part of the Central Lancashire New Town.
Chorley is near to the city of Preston and the towns of Blackburn, Bolton, Leyland, Ormskirk and Wigan.
The current mayor is Councillor Adrian Lowe whilst the Member of Parliament (MP) is Lindsay Hoyle.
Today, the Borough of Chorley is made up of the town and the surrounding villages. The borough contains several railway stations with the main being Chorley railway station located in the town centre.
The name Chorley came from Anglo-Saxon Ceorla-leah = “the peasants’ clearing”. The name of the River Chor was back-formed from “Chorley”. The principal river in the town is the River Yarrow. The Black Brook is a tributary of the Yarrow. The River Chor runs not far from the centre of the modern town, notably through Astley Park.
A settlement has existed at Chorley since at least the Bronze Age. The earliest find came from 3500 BC on Anglezarke as the site known as Round Loaf was discovered. A farmer at Astley Hall Farm found a pottery burial urn from this period in 1963. This find was followed up with further excavations, with further artifacts being found. Objects from these excavations are on display at the hall’s museum.
During the Roman era Chorley was not a settlement but a Roman road ran near Chorley for Wigan. It is believed that some Romans did settle at Brindle to the north of the town, as Roman remains were discovered there in the late 1950s.
A market charter was granted to the town in the 1250s, and there is evidence from 1498 that the market was actually taking place. Nowadays, the town has two markets, the Flat Iron Market and the Covered Market. For one weekend each year, French market traders sell their produce in the town, with Chorley’s merchants returning the favour in France. The market has a number of specialist cheesemongers who purvey the local Lancashire cheese in various forms. Also sold is the famous Chorley Cake.

"During 1442 a local noble named Sir Rowland Standish (a relative of Myles Standish, Mayflower passenger and military commander of Plymouth Colony), who had fought at Agincourt, brought back to Chorley the skull and bones of Saint Lawrence and interred them at an altar at the parish church. With the bones interned there the church was renamed St. Lawrence’s. Records of this are mentioned in the Harleian Manuscripts. The bones were not of the 3rd century saint but are believed to be the bones of Lorcán Ua Tuathail, a saint canonised as St. Laurence from Dublin, who died in Normandy in the 12th century. The bones went missing in the Reformation under the rule of King Henry VIII

"According to the apocryphal story, James I after a good meal, officially knighted Sirloin steak (“Sir” loin) at Hoghton Tower, a large stately home on the outskirts of the town, where William Shakespeare once worked. Astley Hall is a more central stately home, set in the middle of the town’s largest park, Astley Park. Oliver Cromwell visited here on his trek through the region.

"In 1745 when Preston was taken by Jacobites Chorley was a mustering point for soldiers to attack the town. Also folklore recalls the Jacobites travelling through Chorley at a later date on the way back to Scotland without attacking the town due to the local support in the gentry for their cause.

"Chorley, like most Lancashire towns, gained its wealth from the industrial revolution of the 19th century which was also responsible for the town’s growth. Chorley was a vital cotton town with many mills littering the skyline. Today only three mills still remain working. Also Chorley in its location was vital in coal mining. Several pits existed in Duxbury Woods with the biggest being located at the end of Grundy’s Lane and another located on the current site of Chorley Conference Centre on Carr Lane. The last to close was the Ellerbeck Colliery in 1987 which was located in south Adlington.

"Chorley became incorporated as a municipal borough in 1881. The town’s population remained roughly static in the 20th century, with the 1911 census showing 30,315 people and the 1971 census showing 31,665. Under the Local Government Act 1972, Chorley became the core of a larger non-metropolitan district of Chorley on April 1, 1974."

The Seddons of Chorley include some interesting early day [mid-1600s] events: Sessions calendars include John Seddon and Ann, his wife, and John and Margaret, their children; Richard Seddon prosecuting Jane Boanes for theft; Thomas Seddon and Isabel Marecraft for bastardy; and “habilitation for Thomas Seddon, coal miner, and Mary Isherwood, his wife.” Other Seddons mentioned in the Calendars include Richard, Edmund and Oliver. In Salford, the JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY manuscripts include an entry of lease and release from John Bretland of Norley [co. Chester] to John Seddon of Manchester dated September 19 and 20 of 1743.

The twins died in 1804: Records at St. Lawrence, Chorley Parish, indicate Ann was buried on 12 March 1804 and Margaret was buried on 2 April 1804.

John married a woman named Ann Mason – appears to have had no children. He is listed as a farmer in the 1871 census of Chorley, his household including Oliver Monk, a servant, age 65, and Thomas Holcraft, a boarder, aged 40. A near neighbor is Peter Morris, age 72 who may or may not be a cousin.

William may be the William Seddon who married Alice Dalton 13 January 1840, according to Ormskirk Parish records.

RALPH SEDDON

b. 10 November 1806, Chorley, Lancashire, England.
d. at Ormskirk in the first quarter of 1880.

md. Harriet Nuttall in North Meols, Lancashire in 1833. She died in 1893, last quarter.

North Meols is an area that joins Ormskirk and Southport. Wikipedia tells us that
The civil parish is based on an ancient parish located to the north and east of the town of Southport, which straddles what is now the border between the counties of Merseyside and Lancashire. North Meols contained Crossens, Marshside and Churchtown in the north of Southport, and then extended east towards Preston to encompass the rural villages of Banks, Far Banks and Hundred End, Mere Brow and Holmes in West Lancashire. It was bounded to the south by the Martin Mere wetland.
Dating from before the Norman Conquest, this area of small farming and fishing villages was originally known as Otegrimeles, from the Norse word “melr”, meaning sand-dunes. Indeed the words Meols was originally pronounced as “mells”, but this is now dying out. Compare, however with Meols on the nearby Wirral.
Historically, North Meols has been centred around St. Cuthbert’s Church in Churchtown, although there were vicarages in Crossens, Banks and Birkdale. Parts of the parish were almost completely surrounded by water until large scale drainage of Martin Mere and other marshland in the 19th Century. This left behind a legacy of fine agricultural soil, which is still exploited to this day – the primary industry in the area is farming, especially of flowers and vegetables.
To this day, the northern part of the district retains a lot of its rural character, with the only large-scale development being the construction of a large number of new homes in Banks. The southern districts, although now fully incorporated into Southport have also not been fully urbanised; Churchtown retains its attractive centre and extensive botanic gardens, and the marshes to the west of Crossens and Marshside have been preserved for their wildlife.
Fully opened in 1878, North Meols was previously home to the West Lancashire Railway, which ran between Southport and Preston. Low passenger numbers later led to its decline and its closure was assured by the Beeching Axe in 1964.
The main transport link through the area is now the A565 road Southport New Road, which runs from Southport north-east to Preston. Public transport is quite scarce in the area, although there are some bus services to Preston, Southport and Formby.

In the census of 1851, Thomas is shown as living with his Uncle and Aunt, Richard and Hannah Wignall of North Meols, Southport. Hannah was Hannah Nuttall, his mother’s sister. Also see the Jones family record above for Anthony Nuttall, neighbor to the Jones family.

In the 1851 census Thomas is listed as a shop boy. He appears as a gas fitter in the 1871, 1881 and 1891 census records.

The census of 1901 shows the family living at 189 Sussex Road, Wesleyan Chapel, Southport, Lancashire, England. In 1912, at the birth of Margaret, the family was living at 107 Windsor Road, Southport. By 1923, Thomas was living at 50 Cypress Road, Southport. At some point after this, Thomas moved to Auckland, New Zealand, where he continued in his career.

His sons, Leonard and Eric, were both sailors. Naval records show Eric as a sailor in the Royal Navy, and Immigration records indicate Leonard was a Merchant Seaman. One drowned at sea in about 1940, the other living into the 1950s.

Leonard came to the United States, apparently on a job, in 1923. He is listed on the passenger list as an officer in the Merchant Service and appears to be part of a group of young men, including Morris Littman age 35, government contractor; John Berbeck Nicholson, age 22, Marine Engineer; and Herbert Taylor, 22, also a Marine Engineer [Leonard was age 23 and 8 months]. They arrived aboard the SS Laconia which had sailed from Liverpool December 21, 1923. The Laconia had a relatively brief, but interesting, life:

1923 June 26, first voyage Hamburg – Southampton – Cherbourg – New York

1925 Southampton – New York/Boston

1928 April, accommodation: cabin-class, tourist-class and 3rd-class

1939 Fitted out as an armed merchant cruiser at Portsmouth

1941 Served as a troop ship

1942 Sept. 12, torpedoes and sunk by German sub. U-156 off Freetown in the South Atlantic.

The information listed above is not the complete record of the ship. The information was collected from a multitude of sources, and new information will be added as it emerges

There is a book extant which discusses the sinking of the Laconia , apparently a major issue in World War II:

LACONIA (September 12, 1942)
British Cunard Line luxury liner (19,695 tons) converted to a transport ship, was torpedoed and sunk by the U-156, commanded by Kptlt. Werner Hartenstein. The ship was carrying over 1,800 Italian prisoners of war captured in North Africa and guarded by 160 Polish guards, former Russian prisoners of war. Also on board were 268 British military and civilian personnel including 80 women and children. About 500 POW’s were killed instantly when the torpedoes hit the prison holds. Over 200 survivors were picked up by the U-156 helped by the U-506 and U-507 and then the U-boats in turn were attacked by an American four-engine Liberator of the USAF 343 Squadron from the US base on Ascension Island. Even though they displayed a large Red Cross flag, the plane dropped three depth charges. Altogether, including the crew, 2,732 persons were on board the Laconia when attacked. A total of 1,649 lives were lost including the captain, Rudolf Sharpe (ex-Lancastria). Vichy naval craft picked up 1,083 survivors. This incident caused the German Naval Authorities to issue the ‘Laconia Order’ by which all U-boat captains were forbidden to pick up survivors. At the Nuremberg Trials, Grand Admiral Doenitz was accused of a war crime by signing the order, but was acquitted on that charge only to spend 11 years and 6 months in prison for other war crimes.

Leonard enlisted as a merchant seaman and saw service during World War II in the Battle of the Atlantic, and the Italy, Africa and Burma campaigns, entitled to campaign medals for those actions and for a War Medal and a 1939-1945 Medal.

The medals were awarded to merchant seamen who met the following qualifications:

War Medal – Generally awarded if the service period qualified for one of the Stars and if terminated by death, disability due to service or capture as a prisoner-of-war. A merchant seaman had to serve a minimum of 28 days at sea.

Atlantic Star – Awarded after the Battle of the Atlantic for service between 3 September 1939 and 8 May 1945 and if the service period was terminated by their death or disability due to service. The qualifying service period for the Atlantic Star could only begin after the 1939-1945 Star had been earned by six months’ service/ A merchant seaman had to serve in the Atlantic, home waters, North Russia Convoys or South African waters. The Atlantic Star was also awarded to those awarded a gallantry medal, with no minimum qualifying period.

1939-1945 Medal – awarded for service between 3 September 1939 and 2 September 1945 and if the service period was terminated by death or disability due to service. A merchant seaman could qualify after 6 months’ service with at least one voyage in an operational area. The 1939-1945 Star was also awarded to recipients of a gallantry medal, with no minimum qualifying period.

Burma Star – Awarded for service in the Burman Campaign between 11 December 1941 and2 September 1945. A merchant seaman qualified serving within a restricted area of the Bay of Bengal. Generally the qualifying service period for the Burma Star could only begin after the 1939-1945 Star had been awarded by six months’ service.

Italy Star – Awarded for service between 11 June 1943 and 8 May 1945, in the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. Operations in and around the Dodecanese, Corsica, Greece, Sardinia and Yugoslavia after 11 June 1943 would also qualify. Generally, the qualifying service period for the Italy Star could only begin after the 1939-1945 Star had been earned by 6 months’ service.

lLeonard may be the Leonard Seddon who married Nora Earlam in 1924 in Stockport, Lancashire.

Eric Houghton Seddon was also in the Navy. He entered service young, and his initial service was when he was 17: This service which, for some reason, was not to be counted toward retirement time or pension amounts, was aboard the Victory from 6 September 1919 through 27 October 1920, 29 October 1920 through 31 December 1921, and lastly from 1 January 1922 through 13 July 1922.

He began his official naval career on 20 December 1922 [so far as retirement and pension plans were concerned], enlisting for a period of 12 years. He served variously aboard the Pembroke II [20 December 1922 – 21 August 1923; the Repulse on 3 September 1923 to 31 December 1924; The Pembroke II from 1 January 1925 to 11 February 1925; the Tamar [Tarantula] from 12 February 1925 to April 1927; the Yarmouth from 18 April 1927 to 15 June 1927; The Pembroke II from 16 June 1927 until his transfer to the New Zealand Navy on 24 August 1928. While with the New Zealand navy, Eric served aboard the Diomede from 25 August 1928 to 18 November 1928, and aboard the Dunedin from 19 November 1928 until his discharge.

At the time of enlistment in 1922, Eric was described as being 5’ 3” in height, with a chest measuring 37 inches, with brown hair and grey eyes. He had a tattoo.

Throughout his service, beginning on the Victory and concluding with the Dunedin, Eric’s “Character and Ability” were rated as Character being Very Good and Ability from Satisfactory to Superior. On 28 December 1925 he was awarded a badge, and there is a note on 29 November 1934 of “Traced medal.”

Eric appears to have twice married: his first marriage may have been to Florence Emily Daw. His second wife was Melba Amelia, surname not known at present. He seems to have had no children. According to researcher Janet Seddon Flavell, Eric died in the Auckland Hospital 7 September 1961. “He died without leaving a will. He owned 800 pounds which was claimed by his wife Melba Amelia Seddon, his widow…the record showed him as an engineer.” Eric was cremated at Purewa Cemetery and Crematorium on 8 September 1961. The funeral director was W. H. Tongue & Son’s on Symonds Street in Auckland, which, coincidentally, was the same funeral home which handled arrangements for Adeline Margaret Seddon.

His widow, Melba Amelia, survived him by many years. She appears to have remained a widow, not remarrying. She was also cremated at Purewa Cemetery and Crematorium. Eric’s ashes had been returned to the family: his widow had her ashes scattered. She died on 11 May 1990, with the services held on the 14th of May 1990. Services were handled by Chanel Funeral Home, Epsom, Auckland.

Regarding the name Posgate or Postgate, the name is of English locational origin, from a place thus called in the North Riding of Yorkshire. The name derives from the Northern Medieval English “post(e)” meaning a post or pole, plus “gate”, a road (ultimately from the Old Norse “gata”, a way or street), hence, “a road marked by posts”. The surname from this source is first recorded in the mid 14th Century, (see below). One, Richard Poskett appears in the 1514 “Register of the Corpus Christi Guild in the City of York” and a William Posgate in the Wills Records at Yorkshire, dated 1648. An interesting name bearer was John Postgate (1820 – 1881) of Scarborough, F.R.C.S., who practiced as a surgeon in Birmingham and committed himself to the passing of a bill through parliament which would make “the adulteration of food substances punishable by the law”. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Thomas Postgate, which was dated 1349, “The Chartulary of Whiteby Abbey, Yorkshire”, during the reign of King Edward III, The Father of the Navy, 1327 – 1377. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation.

Occupation: Ship Owner – was also a Rope Maker and Ship’s Chandler. In 1834 he served as Librarian of the Mechanic’s Institute.

Pigot’s City Directory for Scarborough in the 1834 list of “professions and trades” shows Thomas Posgate [under the name Postgate], once as a ship owner and once as a rope maker/ship’s chandler. He also served as Librarian for the Mechanic’s Institute at 23 Newborough Street in Scarborough. Thomas Posgate appears on the 1841 census on St. Mary Street in Scarborough, Yorkshire, where he is listed as age 65. His wife, Ann, is said to be 55. William is living at home, where his occupation is listed as Builder. Others in the household are G. Foster Eade, age 20, a Journeyman Builder, and Alfred Eade, age 15, listed as a Journeyman Merchant, along with one Ann Paxton, age 10, a servant. There are two Paxton families nearby, including John and Mary, both age 65, and the household of William [age 39] and Mary [age 40] Paxton and children [including 10 year old John].

According to Bob Sanders, a researcher in Wales, “Re: Thomas Posgate, yes [the Thomas Posgates of the census and directories] is very likely the same man. Many people involved in ship related occupations also owned shares in ships. The system of ship owning in those days was that they were owned in 64th shares, so there could be up to 64 owners of a ship, though usually there were some who owned a large number of shares, and then several with just one or two shares. The latter were often ship chandlers, sail makers, rope makers, shipwrights, master mariners, etc. The shares were sometimes used to pay the bills for building and fitting out the ships. When it came to listing occupations in directories, census, etc., quite often people would say ship owner rather than sail maker because of the kudos attached to owning a ship.”

Both Thomas and Ann died December 5, 1858 – The Posgate Family Memorial in Scarborough states, in part, “In memory of Thomas Posgate, aged 85 years, also of his wife, aged 78 years, Ann Posgate….who died within a few hours of each other, after living together upwards of 58 years. ‘They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death were not divided’ [Sam. 1:23]. Their son, William Tinker Posgate, died in 1879 at Chapel En Le Frith Derbeyshire.

THOMAS SALMON POSGATE

Christened 25 December 1821
Died: 20 July 1908

Married Harriet Noble, 28 May 1844, she born 5 January 1823, died 24 June 1896.

According to his Claim for Certificate of Service filed at the Port of Hull 7 August 1852 [Certificate 101535] Thomas Salmon Posgate had seen service as follows:

20 February 1836 to 20 February 1842 he served on board the Concord, a 302 ton vessel out of Scarborough, sailing Mediterranean, North American and Baltic routes. He served as an Apprentice, then Second and then Chief Mate – an apparent steady rise in position.

April 1842 to November 1842 on the Hartlepool Packet as Chief Mate. The packet was a 150 ton vessel out of Hartlepool, which carried coal.

Just as a side note, Hartlepool is in the County Palatine of Durham, just north of and abutting Yorkshire. The port was stormy, and the packet run risky.

January 1843 through December 9th 1845, Thomas Salmon served as Chief Mate on the Jabez out of Scarborough, a 224 ton vessel in Mediterranean, African and West India waters.

June 10th 1846 through August 6th 1847, he served as Chief Mate on board the Concord, a 323 ton vessel out of Scarborough in Mediterranean and Baltic waters and to Montreal. [This could be a refitted Concord or an entirely new vessel.]

October 27th 1847 through November 27th 1847, he was Chief Mate on the 231 ton vessel Jane and Margaret out of Sunderland in the Coal Trade.

December 12th 1847 through June 6th 1848, he was Master of the 308 ton Choice out of Scarborough to West India.

The wedding certificate for Thomas and Harriet lists W. T. Posgate as a witness along with Anne Barry – this is probably Thomas’s brother, William Tinker Posgate, and may be Harriet’s sister, Ann.

Thomas and Harriet’s earliest known address was at 18 Long Westgate, where Thomas is listed in the 1834 Scarborough Directory. They were still there in 1845 when their son William Noble Posgate was born. However when Thomas and Harriet’s son, Thomas Barry Posgate was born on 25 March 1849, he was born at Leith, where his birth was registered. “Thomas Barry, Son of Thomas Salmon Posgate, Shipmaster, Scarbro’ and Harriet Noble, his wife, was born at Leith 25th March 1849.” The birth was registered in May. He is buried at Rosebank Cemetery, Leith, according to the Posgate Family Memorial in Scarborough . The same source cites Emily Ann, who was “interred at the English burial ground, Pera, Constantinople,” having apparently died on a trip through the Mediterranean.

Later census and directory data shows the family living primarily at 16 Trafalgar Square, Scarborough, Yorkshire, England.

Of Harriet’s death, the Posgate Memorial in Scarborough states ”At rest after a long and painful illness, borne with great patience and resignation, Harriet, for 54 years the dearly beloved wife of Thomas S. Posgate….’Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God.’”

Thomas Salmon Posgate died 20 July 1908 of Purulent Cystitis, which he had suffered for one month, as certified by W. C. Everly Taylor, FRCP. His son Lorenzo posted the death certificate on the 21st July 1908.

WILLIAM NOBLE POSGATE
b. 15 February,1845 d. 17 October 1869

Married Christiana Dove b. 1844, d. 1914.

Married 17 August 1867. Christiana was the daughter of William Dove of Scarborough, a stone mason.

Occupation: Merchant Seaman [Mate]

Child: William Lorenzo Posgate

William Noble’s birth certificate was filed by his mother, indicating that his father was at sea at the time, probably aboard the JABEZ as Chief Mate. The certificate was filed over a month after the birth, 28 March 1845, but within the six weeks allotted by the Registration Act of 1836.

His wedding certificate lists William Noble’s occupation as Merchant Seaman [Mate], and states that he was living at 4 Aberdeen Walk, Scarborough. This is currently an apparently commercial area, not far from a small spit of land and a marina. At the time of her marriage, Christiana was living at 6 Roberts’ Place, English Street, Hull. Roberts’ Place is gone, but there remains an English Street in Kingston-Upon-Hull just south of Scarborough, which also appears now to be an industrial area. There is a commercial inlet within four blocks, and the actual site appears to have undergone massive demolition and reconstruction.

Witnesses at the marriage were Thomas and Mary Prince. Nothing is known of this couple at this time.

The couple were married at the Wesleyan Methodist Church, Great Thornton Street Chapel , “by License” by George Walker, Minister.

The marriage of William and Christiana was brief. By the time their son was born in November 1869, William Noble was deceased. The Posgate Memorial in Scarborough [transcribed by Wayne William Posgate] states: In memory of William Noble, son of Thomas S. and Harriet Posgate, who was drowned on the Dogger Bank, with the whole crew of the steamer ‘Leal of Hull’ Oct. 17th, 1869, aged 24 years.”

“Dogger” is from the Dutch for fishing. The Dogger Bank has played a major role in both World War I and World War II, and has been the site of several conflicts. It is a rather massive location.

There is extant a poem which catches the flavor of the Dogger Bank and its history. Printed in a 1907 collection of poetry , the text follows:

THE FISHERS OF THE DOGGER BANK.

Draw near the cosy winter's fire,
Outside the snow storms beat,
What though the tempest's rising higher,
Sails forth the Humber fleet.

They mark not storm clouds over head
Though the waves o'er Bamborough sweep,
For hearths and homes for children's bread,
They seek the teeming deep.

They are not men of high degree,
Or born of lordly rank,
But they love the wild waves flowing free
On the far-famed Dogger Bank.

Of tough sea breed at Britain's need
No nobler men afloat,
On the Sabbath day to their God they pray,
On the fisher's mission boat.

Of no martial mien in peace serene
They little thought of death,
Of old Trafalgar's battle scene
Or the cannons' fiery breath.

It was a bright October night,
On the glorious twenty-first,
When sudden shone the search light bright
And the cannons' thunder burst.

How little they thought as they carnage plied
From many a warship deck,
Of Ringsend fishers that nobly died
To succour a Russian wreck.

Away on the eastward Yorkshire Coast
Two fishers have found a grave,
And a Nation asks is it vain the boast
That Britannia rules the wave?

Widowed, in 1873, Christiana married Thomas Squire. She appears on the 1881 census with her new husband. She had at least three children by Thomas Squire, half siblings to William Lorenzo: Christiana, born in 1875 and died in 1877; Edith, born in 1876, and Gertrude, born in 1885 .

In 1889, Christiana, apparently widowed again, married John Petch, Jr., by whom she appears to have had no children. John Petch, Jr. and John Petch, both architects, are listed in the 1890 Scarborough Directory – John Jr. is listed at 7 Westbank Terrace, the same address as in the 1901 census, whereas the other John Petch has offices at 30 Bar Street. John was dubbed “Junior” meaning the Younger: His father was George Petch – and his first wife was Jane Dove, Christiana’s younger sister. There is also a James Petch, architect in the same directory. John and Christiana appear together in the 1891 and 1901 census records. Christiana died in 1914.

Eric Lorenzo Posgate b. 1903, Fulham, Greater London, England; Frederick Cecil, born 1905, Herndon, Middlesex, England; Adeline Margaret Posgate b. 15 May 1909, Herndon, Middlesex, England; Edward Salmon, b. 20 June 1918; Others: [Dates of birth not known at this time]: Doris, who remained in London and is now deceased; Irene, who married Patrick O’Shea, and migrated to Australia about 1954, and had two children – Andrea and Peter; William, who died in World War II.

At the time of William Lorenzo’s birth, his father was deceased. His mother was living at 831 Day Street, Hull. The census of 1871 shows his mother living with her brother William Dove at 21 Dean Street, Scarborough, North West, but William Lorenzo is not with her.

The census of 1881 shows William Lorenzo, AKA William Postgate, living with Frederick and Elizabeth Todd’s family as a lodger, together with a James Postgate, age 20. William was working at age 12 in an iron works. James was working as a stone mason [as was Frederick Todd]. Their address was 202 Ramsbury Row at the corner of Grimby Row, Huddersfield, Yorkshire. James was said to be born in Manchester, William at Hull, in Yorkshire.

Regarding the children, we know a little about them.

Frederick is the father of Wayne William Posgate of Australia.
William Lorenzo’s daughter, Adeline Margaret, married John McNeill in New Zealand on 24 May 1932. There was a major family fallout about the year 1927, as outlined by Wayne William Posgate, which is covered in the short biography of Adeline Margaret, below. As a result of the fallout, William Lorenzo spent much of the family monies advertising for Adeline Margaret on the transportation system in London. They were never reconciled.

Edward Salmon Posgate traveled at least twice to the United States: On 28 May 1952 he crossed the border from Canada to the U. S. at Buffalo, N. Y., listed by immigration as a “visitor”. At that time, he was described as an engineer, age 33, single, with a fair complexion, auburn hair and blue eyes. He was living at 69 Constance Street, Toronto, Ont. He said he was the son of William Posgate of London. When he arrived in New York aboard the Queen Elizabeth on 12 January 1955, having sailed from Southampton, England, he said he was resident at 21 Nelson, Burlington, Ontario Canada. He had four pieces of luggage, and was listed as a tourist on his arrival.

It is stated by her siblings, that Adeline Margaret had carried on an affair with a Harley Street specialist: her father, learning of this, locked her in the house without clothes, from which she escaped by sliding naked down a drainpipe. The police were called, her parents arrested. She left home. Despite advertising for her, her father never saw her again, apparently. She herself attempted a reconciliation with her family in Australia, but was summarily “verbally thrown out” of her brother’s home.

Adeline Margaret left England for New Zealand in 1927. Her grandson, Glenn Duthie, writes:

“Mum [Jacqueline McNeill Duthie] has pictures of the ship from the internet

“Mum has always said that there was a scandal in the family which involved a kidnapping – it was in all the papers and this was the reason for Grandma to come out to NZ on her own...

“On Mums birth certificate her mum is listed as Patricia Margaret McNeill which Mum always knew her as Patricia and her sister she knew as Peg.”

Adeline died on 31 October 1973, and was cremated on 2 November 1973 at Purewa Cemetery and Crematorium. Her ashes were returned to the family. The funeral directors were W. H. Tongue and Son’s, Symonds Street, Auckland [the same funeral directors as for Eric Houghton Seddon]. Her cremation was listed under her maiden name of Adeline Margaret Posgate.

SCOTT FAMILY OF EAST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND

CLAN FAMILY HISTORIES on the web states:

Clan/Family Histories
Scott
One of the most powerful of the Border families, the name was derived from the Scots who invaded Dalriada (Argyll) from Ireland and the surname is found in all parts of Scotland. The name would often have been applied to people who spoke Gaelic in the English speaking Lowlands, rather than someone who originated in the west of Scotland. The first record of the name Scott is when Uchtred filius Scot witnessed the foundation charter of Selkirk in 1120. “Uchtred” is in fact a good English name of the time and he probably came from south of the border. Henricus le Scotte witnessed a charter by David Earl of Strathearn around 1195.
Michael Scott “the wizard” originated in the Tweed Valley but lived in Fife where he gained his reputation for magic. In the last quarter of the 13th century the Scotts appear in Fife when Michael Lescot agreed to serve King Edward I of England overseas. (In the 16th century author Sir John Scott would build Scotstarvit Tower near Cupar in Fife which is now a prominent landmark).
In the Ragman Roll (all nobles and landed gentry were required to sign by Edward I in 1296) there are six Scott lairds. One of these, Sir Richard le Scot of Murthoxton (now Murdostoun) in Lanarkshire may have acquired those lands by marriage – he also had estates in Selkirkshire. It is his line which became established and spread out between Ettrickdale and Liddesdale. Sir Michael Scott, 2nd Laird of Buccleuch was a staunch supporter of Robert the Bruce and distinguished himself at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333. The Lanarkshire estate was exchanged for Branxholm in Selkirkshire as the family became more and more established in the Borders. In the 15th century, as was common in the Borders, the Scotts atria de frequently with their neighbours, particularly the Kerrs. The feud caused the deaths of both chiefs and was only resolved by marriage during the chieftainship of the 10th Laird. The 13th Baron was created Lord Scott of Buccleuch by James VI and in 1619 Lord Scott was created an Earl. The male line failed and Anne, Countess of Buccleuch married the illegitimate son of King Charles II, the Duke of Monmouth. Charles created the couple Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch but the Duke supported the protestant cause and at one stage led an unsuccessful rebellion against King Charles. The third Duke of Buccleuch married the heiress of the Duke of Queensberry (the Douglas family) and became one of the richest men in Britain. In the 19th century, Sir Walter Scott (from a junior branch, the Scotts of Harden) changed Scotland’s image forever. The Duke of Buccleuch today is one of the largest landowners in Scotland and the art collections at the family’s great houses of Drumlanrig, Bowhill and Boughton are internationally famous.
The clan motto is “Amo” (I love).
Scott was the 10th most frequent surname at the General Register Office in 1995.
Our own branch of family can be traced back to the 18th Century in East Lothian:

RICHARD SCOTT
b. c.1790-91 East Lothian
d.??

Md. Margaret Lougton [Loughton?] 26 September 1811

Occupation: Agricultural Laborer

Richard may be the Richard Scott, son to Peter Scott and Agnes Cow , born 20th May 1790, baptized the 30th May 1790, baptism witnessed by an Alexander Scott and James Rumage.

The wedding notice states that “Richard Scott labourer of Harelaw & Margaret Lougton of Aberlady” were “irregularly Married,” but that the marriage was confirmed a little more than a month later, on October 27 1811, by The Reverend Doctor Hamilton minister “of Gladsmuir in presence of the Kirk Session.”

Harelaw is “an upland farm in Currie Parish Edinburghshire among the north-western declivities of the Pentlands…. A reservoir is on it at an elevation of 802 feet above sea-level; and a cairn, comprising about 2500 cart-loads of stones, and containing many human bones was formerly near the farmhouse. ” Today, there is an equestrian center there, offering beach rides.

According to her death certificate, Marion was the daughter of George and Margaret Murdock Neill, a coal miner and his wife.

In 1861, Archibald and family are living in Tranent, on New Row. Included in the household is one Seton Montgomery, b. Tranent c. 1839.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
“Tranent is a small town in East Lothian, Scotland. It is close to the A1 road and approximately 11 miles east of Edinburgh.
The name is thought to be of Brythonic origin, possibly containing the elements Tre and Nant, meaning Town of the Stream. Also the land owner of Tranent at the time of the Templars was named Travernent. He was the Earl of Haddingtonshire and owned the town that took his name.

It was here that the Massacre of Tranent took place in 1797, when a number of local people were killed after protesting against conscription into the British Army.

Marion died at Tranent 26 February 1877, of heart disease and dropsy, which she had suffered for three years. Her death was reported by her brother-in-law, Richard Scott. Archibald also died of Heart Disease, 14 June 1901, diagnosed about two months before his death. His death certificate was filed by his son, James.

At the time of her death, Annie was living on Kings Road, Portobello, and was listed as the widow of John McNeill, Plasterer.

She died of Cancer of the Liver/Ascites.

Her son, Archibald McNeill, registered her death. He was living at 101 Market Street, Musselburgh at the time.

MCDONALD FAMILY OF IRELAND AND SCOTLAND

Clan McDonald is one of Scotland’s more important – and certainly prolific – clans:

Clan/Family Histories
- MacDonald/Donald
The largest of the Highland clans, the Gaelic first name “Domnuill” was atria de to “Donald”. The original Donald was a grandson of the mighty King Somerled who drove out the Vikings in the 12th century. Somerled’s mother was Norse and his father was descended from the kings of Dalriada, according to clan history. The family was founded in Islay and extended their territory to the mainland. Donald’s great-grandson, “Good” John of Islay, became known as Lord of the Isles and later holders of the title became powerful enough to challenge the king of Scotland. The Lord of the Isles had its own parliament at Finlaggan on Islay. Eventually, the Lord of the Isles was defeated in 1493 by King James IV and the various branches of the clan evolved under their own chieftains. The main branches were Clan Donald of Sleat (in Skye), Clanranald (in Moidart, Glengarry, Lochaber and Glencoe). The Glengarry line adopted the spelling MacDonnell. The MacDonells of Keppoch were descended from Alastair, third son of John, first Lord of the Isles. Their lands were on the mainland in Lochaber; they were sometimes known as Clan Ranald of Lochaber. The last clan battle in the Highlands took place between MacDonell of Keppoch and Mackintosh of Mackintosh in Lochaber in 1688.
The Clanranald MacDonalds were involved in both the 1715 (the clan chief was killed at the Battle of Sheriffmuir) and 1745 Jacobite Uprisings. Bonnie Prince Charlie landed in Clanranald territory in 1745.
Many MacDonalds emigrated to North America and other parts of the world in the 18th and 19th century. 300 MacDonalds from Clanranald emigrated to Prince Edward Island in 1790 and MacDonnells of Glengarry settled in some numbers in Glengarry County, Ontario.
MacDonald was the most frequently registered “mac” name in Scotland – it was the 26th most frequent surname at the General Register Office in 1995.
The motto of MacDonald of MacDonald is “Per mare per terras” (By sea and by land). The MacDonalds of Clanranald and MacDonalds of Sleat have the motto “My hope is constant in thee” and the MacDonnells of Glengarry have the motto “Cragan an Fhithich” (The rock of the raven).
As befits a large and powerful clan, the septs or sub-branches under the protection of the MacDonalds are many. The list provided by the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs include Alexander, Allan, Allanson, Balloch, Beath, Begg, Bowie, Burk, Colson, Connall, Connell, Coull, Coulson, Crombie, Crum, Daniels, Donaldson, Domillson, Galt, Gilbride, Gill, Gorrie, Gowan, Gowrie, Hawthorn, Hewitson, Hewitt, Howison, Hudson, Hughson, Hutchenson, Hutcheson, Hutchinson, Hutchison, Isles, Jeffrey, Kean, Keene, Kellie, Kinnell, Leitch, Macallan, Macbeth, MacBride, MacBurie, MacCall, MacCash, MacCaul, MacCluskie, MacColl, MacConnell, MacCoish, MacCook, MacCosram, MacCrain, MacCrindle, MacCririe, MacCruithein, MacCuag, MacCuish, MacCutcheon, MacDaniell, MacDrain, MacEachan, MacElfrish, MacElheran, MacGeachie, MacGeachen, MacGill, MacGillivantie, MacGilp, MacGorrie, MacGoun, MacGowan, MacGown, MacHendry, MacHugh, MacHutcheon, MacIan, MacIlriach, MacIlrevie, MacIlvride, MacIlwraith, MacIsaac, MacKeachan, MacKean, MacKechnie, MacKellachie, MacKellaig, MacKellock, MacKechan, MacKiggan, MacKillop, MacKinnell, MacKissock, MacLardie, MacLarty, MacLaverty, MacMurrick, MacO’Shannaig, MacPhillip, MacQuistan, MacRaith, MacRorie, MacRory, MacRuer, MacRurie, MacShannachan, MacSorley, MacSporran, MacSwan, MacSween, MacVarish, MacWhannell, Mark, Martin, May, Murdoch, Murdoson, Murphy, Norie, O’Drain, O’Shaig, O’Shannachan, O’Shammaig, Park, Paton, Philipson, Purcell, Reoch, Revie, Riach, Ronald, Ronaldson, Rorison, Sanderson, Shannon, Sorely, Sporran, Whannell, Wheelan, Wilkie, Wilkinson.

At the 1881 census, James was living at 31 Salesbury [sic] Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire. In 1901, the family resided at 10 Allison’s Close, Cougate. Was living at 24 Coldham Street, Dundee at his death.

On 21 April 1882, James enlisted as a Gunner in the Second Edinburgh Artillery. He appears to have cheated on his age, declaring himself to be age 17. He stated his religion at enlistment as Roman Catholic. His occupation was given as tailor.

James was promoted to Corporal 2 June, 1890 through 3 April 1891. He frequently re-enlisted, joining the Duke Of Edinburgh’s Own Edinburgh Artillery, 80th Division, and served in the reserves.

At the time of his enlistment, James said he stood at 5 feet, 6 7/8 inches, with a tattoo of an anchor and rope or chain on his right arm. His eyes were grey, his hair brown.

NOTE: James’ marriage certificate lists his father as Patrick; What may be his death certificate lists his father as Alexander, and states that James had married Christina Lamb. Because of the distance in time, and because the certificate was filed by a younger son, I am assuming there were some errors and that we can assume that at his marriage, James would know his father’s name.

MARGARET MCDONALD
b. .c 1887 d. ??
Said to have been born in Perth.

Md.: William McNeill

[See MCNEILL FAMILY]

On her marriage certificate, Margaret is listed as a Domestic Servant, age 19. Witnesses to the marriage include Thomas Lamb and Catherine McNeill.

Appears on the 1891 and 1901 census records with her parents and siblings.

SECTION TWO: FAMILY CONNECTIONS

NUTTALL FAMILY OF WIGAN AND ORMSKIRK, LANCASHIRE

On this lineage, there has been very little learned at this date. The Nuttalls are said to be Anglo Saxon, and the family name established by settlements at Nuttall, Nottinghamshire, and Nuttall, Lancashire, England.

Children: Lawrence, b. c. 1806; Harriet b. c. 1808, Sarah b. c. 1810; Margaret b. c. 1811; Hannah b. c. 1815; William b. 1818; George b. c. 1829; Daughter?? Born ca. 1830; Others: ??
.
In 1851 the family was living in Ormskirk, on Burscough Street. The household then consisted of William and his wife, their 45 year old son Lawrence, and 22 year old George. Lawrence was employed as a groom, George as a cabinet maker.

By 1861 the family had moved to Southport, where they were living in the household of one William Seddon, age 24, a cabinet maker, his wife Elizabeth age 24, and their children John W., age 3, and Harriet, age 1 [all born in Southport].

Hannah Nuttall married Richard Wignall, and Harriet Nuttall married Ralph Seddon. The Wignalls appear to have taken in some of the family strays from time to time. In 1851, their nephew Thomas Seddon was living with them, and in 1861, Hannah’s brother, Lawrence was staying at their home, as was her neice Victoria Jane Irving, age 7, who had been born in Australia.

Lawrence appears to have never married. His occupation in 1851 was as a groom. In 1861 he was living with the Wignalls in Southport, where his occupation was listed as “formerly a coachman.” He died in the spring of 1872 in Ormskirk district.

One of the daughters married one Edmund Irving. In 1858, as a widower, Edmund married Elizabeth Bullman. They were living in Southport, in 1861, with their children Ann, age 6, Robert age 3, and Charles, 6 months. Victoria, now a step-daughter to Elizabeth, was living with her Aunt Hannah Wignall. In the Irving household, there was a household servant, Mary Ann Haselden, age 27. Edmund’s occupation was listed this year as “Bookkeeper to a club.”

In 1881, their daughter, Victoria, was working as a waitress at the well-staffed Victoria Hotel, 39 Promenade in Southport, and was said to have been born in Victoria, Australia. [The 1891 census shows her as having been born in Sandhurst, Victoria, Australia.]

The Irvings were living in Southport in 1891, when Edmund, age 62, now listed as a “cashier” by occupation, his wife Elizabeth age 61, and their children Dinaili age 21, a butcher, Elizabeth age 19 and Victoria J. age 37, and their grand-daughter Alice M. Linaker age 11 and their nephew Hubert W. Bulman, age 17, a postman. Victoria was said to be living on her own means. In 1901 Alice becomes a Niece, according to the census.

In 1901 Victoria was living with her father, Edmund Irving, who was “Living on own means.” Edmund had been born about 1829 at Bolton Le Moor. With him was not only his daughter, Victoria Jane, but also his son Dinaili S. Irving, age 30, a butcher, born in Liverpool, and his niece Alice M. Linaker, age 21, also born in Liverpool. They were living at Number 6 Arbour Street, Southport.

Child: Harriet, b. c. 1784 in Bolton Le Moor, where she was baptized on 24 December 1784 at St. Peter.

Occupation: Not known. Listed as being of independent means in the 1841 census.

Daughter married William Nuttall 24 February 1825.

William [age 75] and Margaret [age 70] Brooks’ household included two servants: Alice Pearson age 20 and William Ingham, age 15. Their address appears to be “Lanson’s Steak House,” Borough of Witheroe, Parish of Whalley, Lancashire. It is in a neighborhood that includes a clergyman, farmers, and a weaver.

BLAIN FAMILY OF DONEGAL, IRELAND AND LANCASHIRE, ENGLAND

The Blains of Killybegs, Co. Donegal, Ireland appear to have been late comers to the County. There are records of the family dating from the 18th Century, but more frequently in the 19th Century. John O’Hart’s IRISH PEDIGREES OR THE ORIGIN AND STEM OF THE IRISH NATION [Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, Md. 1986, originally published in Dublin in 1892] states that the name “Blane” appears among the “Names of Foreign Refugees who settled in Great Britain and Ireland during the reign of Louis XV of France…” and also lists “Blane” as among the Huguenot families Naturalized in Great Britain and Ireland commencing 1681 in the reign of King Charles II…taking the prescribed oaths before the Lord Chancellor.” By the end of the 17th century, O’Hart tells us that the Blanes “were among the principal families in Ireland.”

Additionally, there is an Irish origin to the name that far pre-dates the Huguenot refugees. “Giella Blein O’Maolmichael” is an ancient warrior, descending from Magon Mpor Mac Earca, the 131st monarch of Ireland, and the name Blein with its variant spellings of Blean, Blenin, etc., comes from the word for “grain.”
Slater’s Directory of 1846 lists a William Blain, “grocer, draper, ironmonger, etc” living in Killybegs. Griffith’s Valuation of 1857 boroough Street in Scarborough an Edward and a Thomas Blain in Killybegs. Edward was a landowner – the 1876 Landowner listing states he had 320 acres. His name appears five times on Griffith’s 1857 allotment.

Sometime in the early 19th Century, there appeared in England three Blain family members who had left Donegal, Ireland: George, Arbuthnot and Margaret. George appears to have been born about 1793, Arbuthnot about 1796 and Margaret about 1811.

George Blain, sometime grocer, sometime draper, settled in Lincolnshire. He married a woman named Ellen, and they had children Charles b. c. 1826; John b. C. 1827; Ellen b. c. 1828; William b. c. 1830, and Arbuthnot b. c. 1833. They are listed in the 1841 census living on High Street, Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire, with, nearby, a second George Blain, a butcher, age 20, born in Lincolnshire, and his wife Harriet, also age 20. Living at a neighbor’s house is an Arbuthnot Blain, age 10. Also in Great Grimsby is a Robert Blain, age 20, a tailor, born in Lincolnshire, with Henry Blain, age 15, Fanny Blain age 6, Sarah Crone age 45 and Charles Madden, a naval man, age 45. George Blain Sr.’s son, Arbuthnot, grew up to become a Shipwright. He married a woman named Jane, but they do not appear to have had children. His brother, John, also became a shipwright, and also married a woman named Jane. They also appear to have had no children.

Margaret was last known living with George and his family in 1841. Of her subsequent life we know nothing at this time.

CHARLES BLAIN

b. c. 1765
d. ??

Married: ??

Occupation: Farmer – Flax and other crops
Lived in Killybegs, County Donegal, Ireland

Children:

Arbuthnot Blain b. c. 1796

Others?

Charles “Blean” appears as a flax grower in Upper Killybegs, Donegal, Ireland, in 1796. “Irish Flax Growers, 1796. The Irish Linen Board published a list of nearly 60,000 individuals in 1796. Spinning wheels were awarded based on the number of acres planted. People who planted one acre were awarded 4 spinning wheels and those growing 5 acres were awarded a loom. Donegal and Tyrone had the highest number of awards. Dublin and Wicklow were not included in this list. These extracts contain the name, parish and county. The barony was listed instead of the parish in a few of the records. Also known as the Spinning Wheel list or the Flax Growers Bounty.”
Killybegs in itself is a well known fishing port, “one of the largest and best known in Ireland,” according to a related webpage.
States Lewis in his 1842 Topographical Dictionary of Ireland:
“KILLYBEGS, a sea-port, market, and post-town, and a parish, (formerly a parliamentary borough), partly in the barony of BOYLAGH, but chiefly in that of BANNAGH, county of DONEGAL, and province of ULSTER, 38 miles (S. W.) from Lifford, and 127 miles (N. W.) from Dublin, on the road from Ballyshannon and Donegal to Rutland; containing 4287 inhabitants, of which number, 724 are in the town. This place, which is situated on the north west coast, was at a very early period one of the principal sea ports in the part of the country, and formed a portion of the territories of the chiefs of Tyrconnell. The emissary of Philip II, King of Spain, landed here in 1596, and in April of the following year, a vessel from that country laden with supplies for O’Donnell, and having some confidential agents on board, arrived for the purpose of conferring with that chieftain. In 1600, another vessel from Spain, with supplies for O’Donnell and O’Nial, landed here, and brought also a large sum of money in order to promote the object they had in contemplation. On the plantation of Ulster, 200 acres of land were granted by James I. to Roger Jones, Esq., on condition of his laying out the site of a town building 20 houses with lands for burgesses, and assigning convenient spots for market-places, a church and churchyard, a public school and playground, and 30 acres of common. The town is situated at the head of a beautiful and safe harbour, to which it gives name, and at the base of a vast mountainous tract extending northward, and consists of 126 houses. It is the head of a coast guard district, comprising the stations of Dooran, Tribane, Tiellan-East, Tiellan-West, Mallinbeg, Baurus, Port Noo, and Neptune Tower, with a force of four officers and 56 men, under the control of a resident inspecting commander. A constabulary police force is also stationed here. The market is on Tuesday, and fairs are held on Jan. 15th, Easter-Monday, May 6th, June 21st, Aug. 12th, Sept. 15th, and Nov. 12th for general farming stock. The harbour is nearly circular in form, well sheltered, and accessible to ships of considerable burden, vessels not drawing more than ten feet of water may anchor near the town, but the best anchorage is in 8½ fathoms near the west side. At sea, the harbour is known by the remarkably sharp pointed summit of Cruanard Hill, which is higher than any other in the neighbourhood, and to the south of which is the entrance. By charter of James I. in the 13th year of his reign, the inhabitants were incorporated by the designation of the “Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Calebegg.” The corporation consisted of a provost (elected annually) and twelve free burgesses appointed for life, who had the power of admitting freemen, and under their charter the portreeve and free burgesses continued to return two members to the Irish parliament till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised, and the £15,000 awarded as compensation was paid to Henry, Earl of Conyngham. A court of record with jurisdiction extending to £2, was also held every third Thursday, but it has been discontinued for many years, and the corporation has become altogether extinct. Petty sessions are held irregularly.
“The parish, from which a portion has been separated to form the district parish of Ardara, is for civil purposes distinguished into Upper and Lower Killybegs. It comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 30,962¼ statue acres, of which 4304¼ are in that part of Lower Killybegs, which is in the barony of Boylagh; 11,074¼, including a detached portion, and 51 covered with water, are in the other part, in the barony of Bannagh; and 15,583¾, including 41¾ covered with water, are in Upper Killybegs, in the barony of Bannagh. 30,160 statue acres are applotted under the tithe act, of which about two thirds are mountain and uncultivated land: agriculture is in a very unimproved state. The principal seats are Wood Hill, the residence of Major Nesbitt; and Fintra, of J. Hamilton, Esq. The living is a consolidated rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Raphoe, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the tithes amount to £300. The church, a neat small edifice, was built on rising ground to the east of the town in 1829 at an expense of £1000. The glebe-house is of recent erection, and the glebe comprehends six townlands, comprising together 2000 Irish acres. In the R. C. divisions the parish is the head of a union or district comprising also the parish of Killaghtee; the chapel here is a spacious and neat building, and there is also a chapel in Killaghtee. About 250 children are taught in two public schools, of which the parochial school is supported by an annual donation from Col. Robertson’s fund, and the other by – Murray Esq., of Broughton, there are also three private schools in which are about 140 children, and a Sunday school. A small Franciscan friary was founded here by Mac Swiny Bannig but there are no remains. Some ruins of the ancient castle of St. Catherine yet exist.”

Killybegs Fishing Port

”The seas of the Western Approaches off our coast have seen and made history. In Glencolumbkille we have touched on this history in peace as well as war. From earliest times coastwise trading was a feature and early Christian settlements, such as that on Rathlin O’Beirne island, were probably established by seafaring monks. In the sixteenth century, the waters witnessed vessels of the Spanish Armada being driven by contrary gales towards the head of Donegal Bay and their eventual wreck; others managing to make Killybegs to repair, victual and attempt an outward voyage to neutral Scotland; others still attempting to keep to the West off our coast.
“One ship, which came dangerously close to our coast in those gales of 1588, was the DUQUESA SANTA ANNA. She managed to clear Malinmore Head and Tormore but was wrecked further North-East at Rosbeg in Loughros More Bay. Her Commander and Company marched from there, through Ardara to Killybegs and joined another Armada ship, the GIRONA, which was victualling there under the protection of MacSweeney Bannagh, the local Chief.
“In October 1588 the GIRONA sailed from Killybegs with 1300 on board. She laid her course further to the West and cleared the entire coast of Donegal, only to be wrecked on the Antrim coast with the loss of all but nine lives.
“In the folklore of Glencolumbkille there is a story that Bonnie Prince Charlie was secreted in Malinmore while ‘on the run’ after the defeat of his Highland Army at Culloden and that he later embarked in a French frigate from Poll-an-Uisce, near Glenlough.”

In 1838, Arbuthnot was a resident of Liverpool, living at No. 18 Paradise Street. He was an upholsterer. His wife, Laura, was a widow at the time they married, and a resident of High Street, Caernaervon, Wales. Her first husband was surnamed Jones. She was the daughter of William Hughes, a merchant. The couple were married at the Parish church of Llanbeblig by Thomas Thomas, the Vicar. Benjamin Disraeli, in his letter to Sarah Disraeli declared “the day being perfect.”

In the census records of 1841 and 1851, in Arbuthnot’s household, there appears one Prudence Blain b. c. 1826. Whether Prudence is a sister to Arbuthnot, a niece, or a daughter is not yet known. She disappears from the census records after 1851. She was referred to in 1851 as an “Annuitant .

The Blain family appears to have been somewhat prosperous. Their home always had at least one, sometimes four, servants. Their farm was in continuous growth, going from 9 acres in 1851 to 50 acres in 1861 when Arbuthnot employed 9 men and 3 women, and progressed to 80 acres in 1871 when his wife Laura took over the enterprise.

Laura Hughes Blain, the eldest daughter, was born in Liverpool in the second quarter of 1839. She died in the 1st quarter of 1843 in West Derby.

Jane Hughes Blain was born in Liverpool in the 3rd quarter of 1840. At age 11, she was in attendance at a girl’s boarding school operated by one Mary Johnson on Dam Bank, in Lymm, Cheshire, England, whose staff included one Maria Fasiletta from Geneva Switzerland. Jane Hughes Blain married George C. Dobell, a merchant [b. 1831 d. 1914], and had children Laura C. b.1863; Reginald B. b. 1864 d. 1919; George b. c. 1867; and Arthur b. c. 1868.

Arbuthnot and Laura’s son, William Hughes Blain was also born in Liverpool. He married Sarah?? in the first quarter of 1865 in Prescot District, and they had children William A. c. 1866; Laura Mary c. 1868; Earnest c. 1870; Edward c. 1872; Arthur c. 1883. William, like his father, was a cabinet maker. He died in the first quarter of 1909 in Prescot District, Lancashire.

Of Thomas Arbuthnot Blain, we will treat separately.

Arbuthnot died 23 June 1868, age 71, his son William H. Blain present, [then a resident of Poplar Bank, Huyton. Arbuthnot died of “Paralysis Certified” at age 71. He was residing at Wheat Hill Farm in Roby at the time.

Laura died at age 81 of “Natural Decay” certified by Rd. Gorst, surgeon. She hd been residing at School Lane in Huyton. Her death was witnessed by her son William H. Blain, who was a resident at Archway Road, Huyton.

Of Thomas’s youth, we know that in 1861 he was in St. Ninian’s, Sterling, Scotland, where he was an agricultural pupil along with 20 year old Henry Stevenson, on the farm of John Peterson, who had a farm of 240 acres. It appears to have been a rather well to do farm, having a shepherd, a dairy maid, a ploughman and a house servant in addition to the two “pupils” and John and his wife Ann [he aged 56, she 42].

Of his first marriage we know nothing. Alice Anne may be the Alice Fell, daughter of William and Elizabeth Fell, who is aged 5 in the 1851 census of Cumberland, England. If so, she was born in Whiston, Lancashire. Her father was a coal miner, and living near what appears to be his brother, John. William may have been injured, for while he is listed as a Coal Miner [as is John] a notation is made that he was on the dole. He had three children [Alice, Agnes and Joseph] and was aged 24. With his family was what appears to be another brother, Robert, age 19.

Children by that first marriage included Louisa A. Blain, born in Gateacre, Lancashire, Jane and Arbuthnot.

Thomas and Margaret Dickson Pedder were married at Holy Trinity Church in the Parish of Walton on the Hill, Lancs. by license, on 18 September 1879, Holland Lomas presiding. Witnesses were George and Annie Welsby. Both bride and groom were listed as age 35, and both had been widowed . At the time, Thomas was living at 9 Huntly Road, West Derby, and Margaret was living at 19 Priory Road, Anfield.

Thomas Blain and family appear on the 1891 census as Thomas A. Blain, with children Louisa A., age 21; Jane age 20; Arbutus [Arbuthnot] age 18; Lucy age 10; and a servant Sydney Jones age 35 [ a female]. Thomas, a widower, was living with one Margaret Atkinson and her children in 1901. The Atkinson family are listed as “visitors,” which generally indicates non-paying guests, possibly relatives.

Regarding the Pedder Family:

Margaret Dickson Pedder father was John Pedder, who had married Mary Dickson. He had been a brewer, and well to do by all indications. Margaret is in the household in 1851, and in 1861 was a “pupil” at Intworth Lodge , Birkdale, Lancs., a boarding school operated by Sarah Mangnall, a 72 year old widow, and three of her daughters: Sarah, age 42, Jane age 34 and Francis age 28, teachers. The school employed a governess/teacher, Catherine Derdin, born in Paris, Dept. de la Seine, as well as Margaret Pilkington, a laundress, a cook, Jean Matland from Inverness, and two maids; Elizabeth Graham and Elizabeth Gullard, both age 20. The student body included a young lady from Brazil, Maria Barnes, and a young lady from Hungary, Caroline Bloomburg.

Margaret was the second daughter named Margaret in the John Pedder household: the 1841 Census shows John, age 30, Mary age 35, and children Richard, age 10, Margaret age 4, Thomas age 2 and John age 1 and a lodger, Isaac Echersby, age 15, a shopman. John Blain Sr. was listed as a retailer in this census. A near neighbor was one Henry Pedder, age 25, relationship, if any, not known.

In 1851 the household consisted of John Pedder, age 41, a brewer, his wife Mary age 45, and children Richard age 20, Jane age 9, Margaret age 7, Betsy G age 5, Ann age 3 and Mary A age 1, along with Henry Dickson, John’s brother-in-law [“Formerly an Innkeeper, now out of business”], and a servant, Elizabeth Reece, a 28 year old widow who had been born in Cheshire. The family lived at Clark [?] Hill, “leading from Rail to Village.” The first Margaret and sons Thomas and John are unaccounted for. Son Richard being so much older may have been from a prior marriage.

In 1861, while Margaret was at Boarding School, her brother, Richard, was married and had a family: his wife’s name was Mary E and she was aged 24, their children being John, age 2 and Richard I. age 1 month. Elizabeth Williams age 27 and Mary Inion, age 22, were listed as servants.

TONGE FAMILY OF BOLTON

This family dates back at least to the 13th century, where they appear in Yorkshire and Lancashire. They have possessed coats of arms since at least the 14th century. One William de Tonge was pardoned by King Edward III on 12 February 1346 for “disturbing the peace along with many others for marching on Liverpool in a ‘warlike’ fashion.” One Robert de Tonge was “keeper of the King’s victuals” in Berwick about 1337 and he may be the Robert Tonge who was rector of the church of Fobbinge in London 1321-1331. His shield is shown as a plain cross and driving a spear into a dragon’s mouth. In the last decade of the 13th century, Andrew Tonge was a notary.

Tonge is a place name, and occurs at Bolton, where also flows the Tonge river. Gilbert de Tonge was the earliest of the family near Bolton, holding an “oxgang” of land in 1212. This land was later, apparently, subdivided with the Hough family. It was known as Hall in the Wood, and “stands in what must formerly have been a romantic situation near the edge of Tonge Moor, crowning a steep cliff overlooking the Eagley Brook. Of the woodland which gave the house its name little or nothing remains…The approach to the house was formerly only from the moor, the road down the hillside on the north being of comparatively modern date.” A DICTIONARY OF SURNAMES by Patrick Hawks and Flavia Hodges [Oxford University Press; Oxford; 1991] adds the interesting possibility that the name derives from a “metronymic occupational name for a maker or user of tongs.”

PETER TONG
b. c. 1660

md. Anne Grundy

Known child: Peter Tong

PETER TONG
Ch. 11 April 1689 at Breightmet, Bolton Le Moors, Lancs.

Md. Alice Yate, 20 May 1716, Bolton Le Moors, Lancs.

Known child: Peter Tong

PETER TONG
b. c. 1717-20

Md. Mary Turner at St. Peters, Bolton Le Moors 13 November 1738

No details are known about this man – he appears on the birth register for his son, Peter. No wife is listed.

This family appears to have been prominent in Lancashire and may have taken its name from Greenhalgh castle, one tower of which still stands as a monument [the bulk of the castle having been destroyed by Cromwell during the Civil War].
The family is armorigerous. A variety of explanations of the name exists, including dweller in the village, another Land by a body of water; the name appears to be of Norman origin, whatever its interpretation.

The first record of our branch of the family appears in Bolton Le Moors – where some scandalous but artistically talented members of the family still live.

RICHARD GREENHALGH
Nothing known. Appears as father to Richard below on the christening record.

ELISABETH MORRIS b. ca. 25 July 1782, christened 11 August 1782 at Chorley, Lancashire, England. Md. Thomas Seddon 3 January 1803 in Chorley. [See SEDDON family above]. Elisabeth’s date of birth is extrapolated from that of her siblings, who were primarily christened 18 days after their birth.

MARGARET MORRIS b, 6 Feb 1784, chr. 22 Feb 1784. Married Thomas Cotton 18 June 1810. This may or may not be a brother to William Cotton, who married Margaret’s sister, Grace [see below]. Thomas and Margaret appear in the 1851 census of Lancs. At Whittley Woods: Thomas Cotton, age 66, Mill Stone Maker; Margret his wife age 67; granddaughter Margaret Morris, age 9, born in Whittle Woods. The family’s immediate neighbour was William Seddon, age 47, a quarry man born in Wittenall, Lancs. and his family: Wife Elizabeth, age 46, a Hand Loom Weaver; son Peter age 20, a quarryman, son William age 14, a quarryman, son James age 11, a winder; son Thomas, age 6, a scholar, and son Rodger, age 1.

ANN MORRIS b. 27 December 1785, christened 15 January 1786 at Chorley, Lancashire, England. May be the Ann Morris who married James Tomlinson 18 May 1812. If so. She was widowed by 1841 when she and her son, Thomas, age 20 [both listed as Reed Makers] were living in Leyland, Chorley, Lancs., she age 55, he age 20. Also in the household was Isabella Speight, age 5 [could this be a daughter of her sister, Isabella Morris?] She appears again with her son and his wife in 1851 in Haskin, Chorley, Lancs which shows a Thomas Tomlinson, age 29, a Reedmaker born in Chorley; his wife, Ellen, age 30, born in Euston, their son Thomas age 7 born in Eusyton, son Joseph age 1, born Chorley, and Ann Heskin, age 66 and widowed, along with a servant girl, Margaret Calderbank, age 17 born in Chorley. She last appears in 1861, on Chapel Street in Chorley, age 76, as a former Heald Knitter along with one Alice Speak, age 12, also a Heald Knitter.

WILLIAM MORRIS b. 27 December 1787; chr. 13 January 1788; died 15 March 1789.

GRACE MORRIS b. 30 December 1789, chr. 17 January 1790. Married William Cotton 3 March 1811. They appear in the 1851 census in Brindle Parish: William Cotton, age 63, a “farmer of 29 acres” born in Whittle, Lancs; Grace, age 61, born in Chorley, Lancs.; son Ralph age 29 born in Whittle; daughter Margaret age 21, born in Whittle; and son William age 19, born in Brindle.

ALICE MORRIS b. 21 June 1792, chr. 8 July 1792.

MARY MORRIS b. 13 November 1794, chr. 14 December 1794.

ISABEL MORRIS b. 5 April 1797, chr. 23 April 1797. Nothing known of her at this date. There is a remote possibility that she is the Isabella Morris of the 1841 census, living in Preston, Lancs., age 43, a shopkeeper, with children Ralph, 18, a shoemaker, Mary 13, and Nancy 8, all surnamed Morris.

NOBLE FAMILY OF YORKSHIRE

This family enters our lineage through Harriet Noble, who married Thomas Salmon Posgate. Her known ancestry is as follows:

In 1841, the family lived on Sepulchre Street in Scarborough, Yorkshire. They had a tenant, 29 year old William Hunter, a mariner. In 1851 the family was living at 6 Pleasant Row, Scarborough. Their neighbor at 5 Pleasant Row was the 24 year old John Cook, a blacksmith born in Scarborough, and his 27 year old wife Ann and month old daughter Isabel. In 1861 the family lived at 10 Sussex Street, North Ward of Scarborough. That was still the address on 8 April 1874 when Harriet died of “paralysis exhaustion” according to the death certificate filed by Sarah Jane Goulden. John and his son Samuel Edward Noble remained at 10 Sussex Street until at least the time of John’s death from “senile decay” [old age] in 1875. Samuel Edward certified the death.

TINKER FAMILY

No background has yet been researched on the origins of this branch of the family. Tinker is obviously a name derived from an occupation.

GEORGE TINKER
b. c. 1732

Md. Ann Wimpenny 26 December, 1754 at Almondbury, Yorkshire.

The couple were married in 1754. Ann was the daughter of Eli Wimpenny [christened 27 November. 1692] and his wife, Mary Earnshey or Earnshaw. The couple had been married 10 September 1731 at All Saints in Wakefield, Yorkshire. Other children of this couple included Hannah, who was born in 1737 but died in 1738 Eli was the son of Joshua Wimpenny who married Maria Cuttle 28 January 1691at Almondbury, Yorkshire.

While the earliest known Wimpenny family member on record [at this time] was John Vympany who was living during the reign of Edward II [1272-1307], and a Henry Winpenny was bailiff of Bristol in 1316, the Wimpenny family had been in Yorkshire since 1379 when the name appears in the records of Ripon in North Yorkshire. The family appears to have been engaged in the woolen trade, and has a coat of arms. The name means “an acquisitive person” deriving from Winnen [to gain] and Penny.

Children: William Tinker, christened 15 November 1767 at St. George in the East, Stepney, London, England.

William was born in London, and his wife in Knighton, according to census records. In 1834 William was listed in the Scarborough directory as a Grocer and Tea Dealer, but in the 1841, 1851 and 1861 census records was listed as a ship owner. In 1834, 1841, 1851 and 1861 he is noted as living on Cross Street [# 26 in 1834, #25 in 1851 and #26 in 1861].

Their eldest known daughter, Ann Tinker, married Thomas Posgate, for which see the Posgate family.

A third daughter of William Tinker was Eleanor, b. c. 1813 in Wellpoint, Montgomeryshire. She appears to have remained unmarried, and was residing with her parents in the 1841, 1851 and 1861 census returns. No mention is made of Eleanor at the time of Martha’s death or at the time of William’s death.

Martha Tinker died at age 78 of breast cancer. Her death was reported by Martha Jane Hick, said to have been present at the death at the home at 26 Cross Street.

William died of “Gangrene of the right leg,” said to be aged 96. At his death, James Salsbury, William’s neighbor in 1861, [who in 1861 was said to be living at 25 Cross Street in Scarborough] stated he had been in attendance.

There may have been other children.

[SEE THOMAS POSGATE]

DOVE FAMILY

This family enters our lineage through the marriage of Christiana Dove to William Noble Posgate.

Dove Surname Origin
(English) a nickname or sign-name from the Dove [Middle English duv, Old English dufe- = Old Saxon duva].

The family is living in Scarborough in 1841, where they appear on Bird Yard street. With them is their son Adam [no occupation listed].

Christiana is probably the Cristina Dove, age 74, listed in the 1851 census as a lodger in the household of Ann Wickham, and a neighbor to the William Tinker family. She is widowed.

In 1861 John Godfrey Dove, age 62, was living in Scarborough, a stone mason. His family then consisted of Jane, his wife, age 43 and children: Mary Eleanor age 17, William age 14, Christiana age 12, George Ripley age 11, Adam age 7, Priscilla age 5 and Isabella age 3.

In 1851 Adam is listed as a whitesmith, living with his brother, Robert, a Roper. They were lodging with Jane Darling, a widow, who described herself as a shoe binder. In the Fall of1852, he married the widow, Jane Darling. By 1871, Adam was living in a workhouse aged 64, as was a Sarah Dove aged 83, a green grocer. Adam was listed as widowed. He appears to have died in the Spring of 1871.

In 1841 the family is listed as neighbors to William Tinker and family.

In 1851, he was listed occupationally as a Master Stone mason, employing three men and three apprentices. His son, Edward is also listed as a stone mason, foreman, daughter Isabella as a Bonnet Maker, son William Jr. a Stone Mason, Apprentice.

His daughter’s wedding certificate, issued in 1867, states that William was deceased. This conforms to the census of 1861 in which the children are all living together, with no parents.

CHRISTIANA DOVE

In 1861, at age 17, Christiana was living with her brother, Edward, head of the household on the census for that year, his brothers and sisters living with him.

Christiana’s occupation is listed as Dress Maker in 1861.

[SEE WILLIAM NOBLE POSGATE]

SECTION THREE: OF FAME AND FOOT NOTES

“Nae e’ry Stuart’s a King” warns the old Scottish adage, but from time to time all families can brush against the arm of fame. Here, then, are some “foot notes” regarding famous people who share common names with those persons in this study.

JONES NOTES

CAPTAIN CHRISTOPHER JONES AND THE MAYFLOWER

Captain and quarter owner of the Mayflower at the time of its famous voyage. He was the son of Christopher Jones and was born about 1570 in Harwich. A family website states:

“The captain and quarter-owner of the Mayflower was Christopher Jones. Christopher was born about 1570 in Harwich, Essex, England, the son of Christopher Jones and Sybil (--). When his father died, he received a ship by the name of Marie Fortune. Christopher Jones married on 23 December 1593, Sarah Twitt of Harwich, Essex, England; she died, and was buried on 23 May1603 in Harwich3. Christopher married later that year, 2 November 1603, Josian (Thompson) Grey, widow of Thomas Grey and daughter of Thomas Thompson. Sometime shortly thereafter he moved to Rotherhithe, Surrey, England. He later owned a ship called the Josian, named after his wife. In 1609, he became the master of the Mayflower, owning a quarter of the ship. The ship was employed transporting goods such as wine, spices, and furs. In 1620 he took the Pilgrims to Plymouth.

“Christopher Jones returned from the New World, did a few more quick trading runs with his ship, and then died. His death was probably due to the sickness of the first winter, which he may have never fully recovered from. He was buried at St. Mary’s, Rotherhithe, Surrey, England on 5 March 1621/2.
“Christopher Jones had nine children; all but the first child were by his second wife Josian. No one has ever been able to document descent from Christopher Jones, but the possibility exists if further research is done in the English records.”

Another note of curiosity is the history of Denbigh County Asylum. On his website VICTORIAN TURKISH BATHS: THEIR ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT AND GRADUAL DECLINE, Malcolm Shifrin notes “At the end of the 1860s and beginning of the 1870s, Denbigh County Asylum cared for just under 300 patients, more or less evenly divided by gender. In his report to the Committee of Visitors for 1869, Dr. George Turner Jones, the Medical Superintendent, recommended that a Turkish Bath be built. He admitted that it had not yet been extensively used in the treatment of mental disease, but that many patients had benefited from its use for a number of physical complaints. He was asked to investigate further and report back. The following year he reported that, with a colleague, he had visited two asylums where Turkish baths had been installed and had been most impressed. The first was in Cork…the second in Limerick…He told the committee that ‘when the prejudice against it subsides, the Turkish bath will come to be found in all large institutions.’ Furthermore, he reported that ‘as a means of cleansing it is found to be the cheapest mode adopted.’ This last point carried the day for Dr. Jones; the Visitors approved the construction of a Turkish bath at a cost of £400. The Lancet was scornful of the manner in which the decision was taken….Jones had estimated the cost of the work involved at 400 pounds. The actual amount was £397, six shillings, six pence…What is not totally clear is whether Jones realized that removing the threat so often felt by patients being persuaded by ‘gentle force’ to cleanse themselves, had in itself a curative value. The asylum/hospital closed in 1995, but it is not yet certain whether the Turkish baths remained in use until the end”

Dum spiro cœlestia spero--- While I have breath I hope heavenly things

POSGATE NOTES

James Cook received some very basic schooling when the family lived in Marton but he began his formal education in Great Ayton [North Yorkshire] at the Postgate School. Michael Postgate’s original school building of 1704 was rebuilt in 1785 and now houses the Captain Cook Schoolroom Museum.

POSGATE SYNDICATE

GENERAL ACCIDENT FIRE & LIFE ASSURANCE CORPORATION
Cj. ORS v TANTER – THE ZEPHYR [I9851 2 Ll . Rep. 529.
The prospective owners of the Zephyr asked the insurance brokers to
obtain all risks insurance of the vessel. The broker also obtained quotes from
various underwriters for total loss reinsurance. Within about two weeks of
the underwriters going on risk the vessel suffered serious damage due to
adverse weather conditions, and was declared a constructive total loss. The
total loss reinsurers repudiated liability for the claim. Proceedings were
instituted by the reinsureds (the total loss insurers) against the reinsurers.
The reinsurers denied liability and also claimed against the brokers in
contract and tort in respect of an alleged excess liability under the
reinsurance slip. This was on the basis that the broker, who had a reputation
for obtaining oversubscription on the slips that he broked, gave a signing
indication to the reinsured as to the anticipated signed line’s percentage of
the written line. (If a slip is oversubscribed, each participating reinsurer’s
written line is reduced proportionately to its ultimate signed line.) At first
instance, Hobhouse J had found that the all risk underwriters were liable to
the owners but that the reinsurers were liable to the full extent of their
written line to indemnify the all risk insurers in respect of their liability to
the shipowner. However the reinsurers were entitled to recover damages
from the brokers on the grounds that they were in breach of the assumpsit
duty to the reinsurers because of the signing indication.
The brokers appealed in part against the decision of Hobhouse, the
appeal being limited to the issue of whether the brokers owed any duty in
tort to the second and third defendants, the Posgate Syndicates, regarding
the collection of further subscriptions on the slip in the absence of any
express signing indication to Mr Posgate. Hobhouse J had found that even
where there was no express signing down indication, there was still a duty of
care owned by the broker to the reinsurers as it was well known to the market
and well known to the particular underwriter that the broker’s method of
broking was to procure a heavy oversubscription of the slips, often three or
four times oversubscribed, so that they signed down. Also, he found that the
identity of the particular underwriter and his syndicate that had signed the
slip prior to him enabled him to assume that an indication of not more than
one-third had been given to the preceding underwriter.
The Posgate Syndicate’s case in the appeal was argued on the basis of
express representation given to Mr Tanter, the leading underwriter on the
slip to which Mr Posgate subscribed, by the broker, rather than on any
implied representation made directly by the broker to Mr Posgate through
the tender of the slip.
Mustill LJ, with whom Oliver and Stephen Brown LJJ agreed, said he
could see no reason why the signing indication to Mr Tanter and Mr Moller
should not form part of the contractual bargain with the Tanter and Moller
Syndicates, and indicated that he would have reached the same conclusion
as Hobhouse J on the liability of the brokers to the Tanter and Moller
Syndicates, albeit he said he would have arrived there by a different route.
Mustill L J considered that there was no authority to suggest that a bare
promise (given the circumstances where the parties stand in no relationship,
so that one is speaking to another about a transaction being effected between
that other and the third party) is capable of creating a situation where the
speaker must do what he expressly or impliedly conveys that he will do, or
pay damages in default. He considered that there was nothing in the terms of
the promise of the broker to Mr Tanter, in whatever words it may have been
expressed, to suggest it was directed to anyone other than to the person who
received it, Mr Tanter.
He considered that the Posgate Syndicate had to establish that there was
some special feature of the London marine market which transforms an
undertaking to the leader into one which can be sued upon by those who
follow him on the slip. He considered that there would only be three
possibilities. Firstly, the leading underwriter was an agent for the latter
subscribers to receive the broker’s promise, although for no other purpose.
He disregarded this possibility. Secondly, there is an analogy with the
supposed rule that a misrepresentation by a broker to the leading
underwriter of such a character as to enable the latter to avoid his contract
with the insured, is effective to give a similar right to the other subscribers.
He doubted whether this rule was still good in law, if indeed it ever was.
Thirdly, because the writing of a line that results in oversubscription
subtracts from the contents of the earlier lines, there is a mutual dependency
between the lines. Thus anything which bears on the line that is ultimately
taken by one underwriter must equally bear on the others. Mustill LJ
rejected this on the basis that the fact that the broker promises to one
subscriber what he will try and do by way of collecting other subscribers, is
not a ground for regarding the promise as inferentially repeated to those
other subscribers.
In conclusion, he pointed out that the market evidence was concerned
with the effect of an express signing indication, and that no witness,
including Mr Posgate, even suggested that a broker might be liable in
circumstances where he said nothing because the underwriter did not
trouble to ask.
Accordingly, the court allowed the appeal of the broker and set aside the
verdict for the Posgate Syndicates against the brokers. The Court of Appeal
refused leave to appeal to the House of Lords.

TINKER NOTES

Also aboard the Mayflower was one Thomas Tinker and his wife and son. The family does not seem to have survived the winter in Plymouth.

GREENHALGH’S AND NUTTAL’S ART WORLD

2007 saw the arrest, trial and eventual conviction of the George and Olive Greenhalgh family of Bolton for clever and nearly perfect art forgeries. It was a spelling mistake in ancient Assyrian that helped bring the family’s enterprising activities to light.

Shaun Greenhalgh is said to have been the mastermind of the plot. His motives ranged, according to accounts, from greed to simply trying to embarrass the art world. He succeeded in both. One of his forgeries, a statue of an Amarna princess, brought him some £440,000. Another forgery was the subject of a very academic study: The Faun by Gauguin, about which many theories were formed and considerable artistic speculation was presented as fact.
Newspaper reports were that “The court heard that the family business was exposed when three ‘Assyrian’ stone reliefs, taken to the British Museum, were proved to be fakes. Outside court, detectives said experts spotted a spelling mistake in their cuneiform script.”
The embarrassment to the art community has been enormous.

Shaun’s parents, octogenarians George and Olive Greenhalgh, participated as merchants of the forged art. George would show up in his wheelchair and ask experts to evaluate his “finds.” Olive once claimed that a painting by L. S. Lowry had been given to her by her father on her 21st birthday. Other “discoveries” were attributed to purchases at car boot sales.

Regarding Shaun Greenhalgh, Defense Barrister Andrew Nuttall said: "Mr. Greenhalgh discovered many years ago he has no style of his own ... He had one outlook and that was his garden shed. The Amarna Princess was knocked up in three weeks in this garden shed.
"He was trying to perfect the love he had for such arts. That talent was misdirected."
Shaun was sentenced to over four years in prison, and his parents were given suspended sentences.
That being said, it will be quite some time before the embarrassment to the art world will die down.

AMLWCH

Amlwch itself has an interesting history:

Parys Mountain and Amlwch Port were featured on the first series of BBC Two’s Restoration because of their importance to Britain’s industrial heritage.

“Never mind New York or Cardiff, the world’s most important exporter of metal and base for great ship-building in the 1800s was Amlwch Port.
“Before the great mining of Parys Mountain, Amlwch was a quiet hamlet on the North East of Anglesey. Lewis, one of the illustrious Morris brothers of Anglesey and a then customs official in Holyhead, was commissioned in 1748 to record havens of refuge for ships sailing along the coast of Wales. In his report, he described Amlwch Port as being little more than a cove between two steep rocks, in which a vessel could barely turn, and which in his view, was totally undeserving of even a map.

“The emergence of Amlwch as an important player on the international industrial stage grew from the discovery of vast reserves of copper on Parys Mountain. This discovery was made by local miner, Rowland Puw, who was given a bottle of whisky and a lifetime’s free rent on a local cottage for his work. Others, however, profited far more handsomely from the mining and export of the metal which was in great demand as Europe began its industrial revolution.
“The Amlwch mines, under the direction of Anglesey lawyer and entrepreneur Thomas Williams, better known to the miners as Twm Chwarau Teg (Fair Play Tom), became the world’s most important producers of copper. Not only was it in huge demand by the emerging industries of the early years of the Industrial Revolution, the mining companies also produced sheathing for Nelson’s ‘Men of War’ as well as minting their own coinage.
“Such were the numbers of ships using Amlwch as a port at that time that delays were inevitable, and an Act of Parliament was passed in 1793 which allowed for the port’s deepening, widening and regulation. Business that had previously been conducted on the western side was transferred to a raw broad quay, quarried out of the rock on the eastern side, where some of the buildings still stand.
“Following the exhaustion of the mines, the port became a well known centre for ship-building. The yard belonging to William Cox-Paynter, but more especially the one belonging to Captain William Thomas, a local man who ran away to sea when he was 12 years of age, turned out vessels renowned for their superior workmanship, speed and beauty. Vestiges of these yards remain, in the form of a sail loft, workshop chimneys, and a dry dock quarried out of the living rock. Other buildings such as the watch house with its little lighthouse, several copper bins, as well as a lime kiln, are much as they were in the 1800s.
“However, a number of warehouses, a water powered sawmill and a pub are now little more than ruins.
“Parys Mountain is one of only three sites in Wales which have evidence of copper mining during the Bronze and Roman Ages. However, its history dates back much further, to the Ordovician times. About 450 million years ago, the foundations for the mountain were laid down as mud on the ocean floor and mixed in with metal ores created by volcanic activity.
“Current scientific thinking is that during the Caledonian Orogeny, a mountain building episode about 400 million years ago, the rocks were folded and the minerals within them were re-dissolved and re-precipitated, resulting in the ore deposits becoming increasingly concentrated. As these have weathered and broken down they have turned the mountain striking shades of red and brown.
“The acidic spoil has attracted unusual plants and lichens. Bats have made the mine workings their home, and jackdaws and choughs can also be seen flying over the opencasts. It is easy to see why the site has been used as a set for various sci-fi movies, including Dr Who.”

NOTES ON LLANFIHANGEL ESCEIFIOG

A Topographical Dictionary of Wales
Samuel Lewis, 1833
LLANVIHANGEL YSCEIVIOG, or LLANVI-HANGEL PENTRE BERW (LLAN - VIHANGEL YSGEIVIOG), a parish in the hundred of MENAI, county of ANGLESEY, NORTH WALES, 8 miles (W. by N.) from Bangor, containing 663 inhabitants. This parish, which is of considerable extent, has been progressively improving since the new line of road from Bangor to Holyhead was brought through it, which has also been productive of considerable benefit to the surrounding country : the soil is various in different parts of it, and in some places there is a considerable portion of marshy land. The village is small, but has a post-office dependent on that of Bangor. Coal of a particular kind, called "mountain coal," of a very soft quality, is found in this parish, and, as the stratum of it here found is the only one in the island, the procuring of it would be of very great advantage, were it not limited by the expense of working it, arising from the marshy nature of the land, and the quantity of water with which the mine is inundated : to overcome these obstacles, a steam-engine of great power has been erected, and the colliery is conducted upon a limited scale, affording employment to about thirty men. A rail-road was constructed from Penrhyn - Mawr coal works, in this parish, to Red Wharf, in the parish of Llanbedr Goch, a distance of seven miles, under the provisions of an act of parliament obtained in 1812, by which the proprietors are incorporated under the name of the " Anglesey Railway Company." The living is a perpetual curacy, with that of Llanfinnan annexed, in the archdeaconry of Anglesey, and diocese of Bangor, endowed with £ 10 per annum private benefaction, £ 800 royal bounty, and £ 400 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Dean of Bangor, to whom the great tithes of the parish are appropriated, as forming part of the endowment of the deanery. The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a spacious and ancient structure, consisting of a nave, south aisle, and chancel, and having on the north side a small building called Capel Berw, communicating with the church, and evidently of more recent date than the rest of the edifice : the east window is embellished with some portions of ancient stained glass, of brilliant colours. At Gaerwen, in this parish, is a large place of worship for Calvinistic Methodists, capable of holding two thousand persons, and which, being situated upon elevated ground, forms a conspicuous object to a considerable distance. The Rev. Dr. John Jones, Dean of Bangor, in 1719, bequeathed £100 in trust, to be appropriated to the payment of a schoolmaster to teach twelve poor children of this parish and that of Llanfinnan to read. A parochial school was built in 1828, by subscription, and is supported by the same means, aided by the interest of the above £100, paid to the master, which entitles six children of the parish of Llanfinnan to gratuitous instruction in it : the total number of children in this school is now about seventy. There are several small charitable donations and bequests, the interest arising from which is annually distributed in clothing and in money among the poor during the winter. The average annual expenditure for the maintenance of the poor is £205. 16.

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