The Synthesis of N-Benzyl-2-azanorbornene via Aqueous Hetero Diels–Alder ReactionXavier Sauvage and Lionel DelaudeCharacterization of the product of this organic synthesis through IR and NMR data analysis provides valuable material to familiarize students with different types of protonproton coupling patterns and their typical ranges, serves to illustrate the concepts of green chemistry and atom efficiency, and can be used to exemplify structural analysis and computational studies.Sauvage, Xavier; Delaude, Lionel. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1538.

Alkenes |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Conformational Analysis |

Green Chemistry |

IR Spectroscopy |

Molecular Modeling |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Stereochemistry |

Synthesis

Communicating about Matter with Symbols: Evolving from Alchemy to ChemistryLuigi FabbrizziAlchemists used a secret language and arcane symbols to indicate substances and procedures. When alchemy became quantitative and evolved into the discipline of chemistry, those symbols were supplanted by abbreviations and formulas. However, chemical communication can remain mysterious to the uninitiated.Fabbrizzi, Luigi. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1501.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

French Mnemonics for the Periodic TableGilles Olive and David RiffontMemorizing chemical names and symbols can be relatively easy with the help of mnemonics. In this letter, we continue the international trend of a previous letter by providing French mnemonics (in the form of sentences) to help young chemists.Olive, Gilles; Riffont, David. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1489.

The Laser Synthesis of Linear Polyynes: The Particle in a Box RevisitedBruce D. Anderson and Christopher M. GordonIn this experiment, suitable for inclusion in a standard physical chemistry course or other upper-level laboratory where the principles of quantum mechanics are studied, linear polyynes are synthesized and then the predictions of a one-dimensional, particle in a box are used to calculate the quantum mechanical box length for the polyynes.Anderson, Bruce D.; Gordon, Christopher M. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1279.

Alkenes |

Lasers |

Mass Spectrometry |

Quantum Chemistry |

Synthesis |

UV-Vis Spectroscopy

The Iodochlorination of Styrene: An Experiment That Makes a DifferenceR. Gary Amiet and Sylvia UrbanThis purpose of this laboratory exercise is to determine the various substitution and elimination products generated in the iodochlorination of styrene and their relative proportions through the application of mechanistic principles and a basic knowledge of GCMS and NMR.Amiet, R. Gary; Urban, Sylvia. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 962.

Alkenes |

Constitutional Isomers |

Gas Chromatography |

Instrumental Methods |

Mass Spectrometry |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Synthesis |

Student-Centered Learning

Evaluating Mechanisms of Dihydroxylation by Thin-Layer ChromatographyBenjamin T. Burlingham and Joseph C. RettigPresents a microscale experiment in which cyclohexene is dihydroxylated under three sets of conditions and the products determined through thin-layer chromatography. Teams of students evaluate proposed mechanisms for each dihydroxylation in light of the data collected.Burlingham, Benjamin T.; Rettig, Joseph C. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 959.

Elements—A Card Game of Chemical Names and SymbolsRichard S. Sevcik, O'Dell Hicks, Linda D. Schultz, and Susan V. Alexander"Elements" is a card game designed to help middle school students recognize and correlate the names and symbols of the most significant chemical elements. Each student constructs his or her own playing cards and competes against classmates in a mini-tournament.Sevcik, Richard S.; Hicks, O'Dell; Schultz, Linda D.; Alexander, Susan V. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 514.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Why Tungsten Instead of Wolfram?William B. JensenTraces the reason that American and British chemical literature use the name tungsten for element 74, while northern European literature uses the name wolfram.Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 488.

Regioselectivity in Organic Synthesis: Preparation of the Bromohydrin of α-MethylstyreneBrad Andersh, Kathryn N. Kilby, Meghan E. Turnis, and Drew L. MurphyIn the described experiment, the regiochemical outcome of the addition of "HOBr" to a-methylstyrene is investigated. Although both "classic" qualitative analysis and instrumental techniques are described, the emphasis of this experiment is on the utilization 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectroscopy to determine the regiochemical outcome of the addition. Andersh, Brad; Kilby, Kathryn N.; Turnis, Meghan E.; Murphy, Drew L. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 102.

Addition Reactions |

Alcohols |

Alkenes |

Constitutional Isomers |

IR Spectroscopy |

Microscale Lab |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Synthesis

Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis in the Organic Teaching Lab: A Simple, Greener Wittig ReactionEric Martin and Cynthia Kellen-YuenA microwave-assisted Wittig reaction has been developed for the organic teaching laboratory. Utilizing this technique, a variety of styrene derivatives have been synthesized from aromatic aldehydes in good yields. The mixture of cis and trans alkenes produced also provides instructors with opportunities to emphasize the spectroscopic analysis of product mixtures.Martin, Eric; Kellen-Yuen, Cynthia. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 2004.

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Alkenes |

Chromatography |

Green Chemistry |

Mass Spectrometry |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Spectroscopy |

Synthesis

Computational Analysis of Stereospecificity in the Cope RearrangementLaura Glish and Timothy W. HanksExperimental product distributions from the Cope rearrangement of disubstituted 1,5-hexadienes can be readily understood by computer modeling of the various possible transitions states. Visual analysis of these geometries allow students to interpret the computational results by analogy to the familiar chair and boat conformations of substituted cyclohexanes.Glish, Laura; Hanks, Timothy W. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 2001.

Alkenes |

Computational Chemistry |

Conformational Analysis |

Medicinal Chemistry |

MO Theory |

Molecular Modeling |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Ruthenium–Indenylidene Complexes for Olefin MetathesisTed M. Pappenfus, David L. Hermanson, Daniel P. Ekerholm, Stacie L. Lilliquist, and Megan L. MekoliPresents a series of experiments that focus on the design of rutheniumindenylidene complexes for olefin metathesis. Included are the syntheses of two such complexes that display very different catalytic activity in a ring-closing metathesis reaction. Students also utilize several analytical methods in characterizing the complexes and quantifying their catalytic activity.Pappenfus, Ted M.; Hermanson, David L.; Ekerholm, Daniel P.; Lilliquist, Stacie L.; Mekoli, Megan L. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1998.

Teaching Mathematics to Chemistry Students with Symbolic ComputationJ. F. Ogilvie and M. B. MonaganThe authors explain how the use of mathematical software improves the teaching and understanding of mathematics to and by chemistry students while greatly expanding their abilities to solve realistic chemical problems.Ogilvie, J. F.; Monagan, M. B. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 889.

Chemometrics |

Computational Chemistry |

Fourier Transform Techniques |

Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

A Short History of Three Chemical ShiftsShin-ichi NagaokaRegrettably, the term "chemical shift" to designate the position of a spectral signal has a poor reputation as a technical term. Nevertheless, the "chemical" environment around an atom of interest influences the electronic environment and hence, leads to spectral shifts, making the prefix "chemical" appropriate.Nagaoka, Shin-ichi. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 801.

Sudoku Puzzles for First-Year Organic Chemistry StudentsAlice L. Perez and G. LamoureuxSudoku puzzles are used to help the students learn the correspondence between the names of amino acids, their abbreviations, and codes; and the correspondence between the names of functional groups, their structures, and abbreviations.Perez, Alice L.; Lamoureux, G. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 614.

Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy. An Advanced Undergraduate ExperimentMichael T. Huggins and Freida BillimoriaDescribes an advanced laboratory experiment in which students prepare a set of compounds to study both the configuration of a newly formed double bond (E or Z) and the conformation of the molecule.Huggins, Michael T.; Billimoria, Freida. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 471.

Photochemical Synthesis and Ligand Exchange Reactions of Ru(CO)4(η²-alkene) CompoundsJason Cooke, David E. Berry, and Kelli L. FawkesIrradiation of Ru3(CO)12 in the presence of either methyl acrylate (CH2=CHCO2CH3) or ethylene generates labile Ru(CO)4(?2-alkene) species that readily react with other two-electron donor ligands, such as triphenylphosphine or the more p-acidic alkene dimethyl fumarate (trans-CH3CO2CH=CHCO2CH3), to produce thermally stable Ru(CO)4L compounds.Cooke, Jason; Berry, David E.; Fawkes, Kelli L. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 115.

Alkenes |

IR Spectroscopy |

Microscale Lab |

Organosulfur Compounds |

Photochemistry |

Synthesis |

Organometallics

Precision in Stereochemical TerminologyLeRoy G. Wade, Jr.This article recommends that instructors use the precise terms asymmetric carbon atom and chirality center when they apply, and use the broader term stereocenter only when there is a need to include stereogenic atoms that are not chirality centers.Wade, LeRoy G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1793.

Chemical Technicians |

Diastereomers |

Enantiomers |

Stereochemistry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Chirality / Optical Activity

The Origin of the Term "Hypervalent"William B. JensenTraces the origins of the term hypervalent, the various debates surrounding its usage, and the resulting implications for introductory textbooks.Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1751.

The IUPAC Rules for Naming Organic MoleculesStanislaw SkoniecznyA systematic approach to naming polyfunctional organic compounds is presented. Latest IUPAC rules are incorporated and the table of order of precedence for the major functional groups is assembled.Skonieczny, Stanislaw. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1633.

Concentration Scales for Sugar SolutionsDavid W. BallExamines several special scales used to indicate the concentration of sugar solutions and their application to industry.Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1489.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Food Science |

Solutions / Solvents

The New Measurement Concept Explained by Using an Introductory ExampleBruno Wampfler, Matthias Rösslein, and Helene FelberPresents the implementation of measurement uncertainty in lectures on analytical chemistry and compares the measurement concept published in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement with the current state-of-practice.Wampfler, Bruno; Rösslein, Matthias; Felber, Helene. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1382.

Classifying Matter: A Physical Model Using Paper ClipsBob Blake, Lynn Hogue, and Jerry L. SarquisBy using colored paper clips, students can represent pure substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds and then discuss their similarities and differences. This model is advantageous for the beginning student who would not know enough about the detailed composition of simple materials like milk, brass, sand, and air to classify them properly.Blake, Bob; Hogue, Lynn; Sarquis, Jerry L. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1317.

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Solids |

Student-Centered Learning

More on the Nature of ResonanceRobert C. KerberThe author continues to find the use of delocalization preferable to resonance. Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1291.

Aromatic Compounds |

Covalent Bonding |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Resonance Theory |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

More on the Nature of ResonanceWilliam B. JensenSupplements a recent article on the interpretation of resonance theory with three additional observationsone historical and two conceptual.Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1290.

Was Markovnikov's Rule an Inspired Guess?Peter HughesA study of 19th century literature shows that neither Markovnikov nor any of his contemporaries carried out the reactions often attributed to himthe addition of hydrogen bromide or hydrogen chloride to propene. Since there is little evidence for Markovnikov's rule in his 1870 article, it is likely that it was more of an inspired guess than a rational conclusion.Hughes, Peter. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1152.

Addition Reactions |

Alkenes |

Mechanisms of Reactions

The Origin of the Term "Base"William B. JensenTraces the origins of the term base as used in acid-base chemistry.Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1130.

Acids / Bases |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Rapid and Stereoselective Conversion of a trans-Cinnamic Acid to a β-BromostyreneThomas A. EvansThe stereoselective synthesis of an aryl vinyl bromide is accomplished in a rapid microscale reaction of trans-4-methoxycinnamic acid with N-bromosuccinimide in dichloromethane. This guided-inquiry experiment links reactivity, stereochemistry, and mechanism in electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes and in E1 and E2 elimination reactions that form alkenes.Evans, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1062.

Stereospecific Synthesis of the Geometrical Isomers of a Natural ProductT. Grove, D. DiLella, and E. VolkerPresents an experiment for the synthesis of (Z) and (E) isomers that is presented to students as a puzzle in which they must determine the identity of the major component in anise oil. A necessary part of the analysis is the preparation the (E) and (Z) isomers of anethole. Molecular modeling is used to explore the conformation of and energy difference between isomers.Grove, T.; DiLella, D.; Volker, E. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1055.

Octachem Model: Organic Chemistry Nomenclature CompanionJoaquin PalaciosThe Octachem model is an educational physical model designed to guide students in the identification, classification, and naming of the chemical structures of organic compounds. In this article the basic concepts of Octachem model are presented, and the physical model and contents are described.Palacios, Joaquin. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 890.

Alcohols |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Alkenes |

Alkynes |

Amines / Ammonium Compounds |

Esters |

Ethers |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

The Origin of the Term AllotropeWilliam B. JensenTraces the origins of the concept of allotropism and its changing meaning over time.Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 838.

The Rainbow Wheel and Rainbow Matrix: Two Effective Tools for Learning Ionic NomenclatureJoseph S. Chimeno, Gary P Wulfsberg, Michael J. Sanger, and Tammy J. MeltonThis study compared the learning of ionic nomenclature by three different methods, one traditional and the other two using game formats. The game formats were found to be more effective in helping students develop a working knowledge of chemical nomenclature.Chimeno, Joseph S.; Wulfsberg, Gary P.; Sanger, Michael J.; Melton, Tammy J. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 651.

Ozonolysis Problems That Promote Student ReasoningRay A. Gross Jr.The structural features inherent in acyclic monoterpenes that follow the isoprene rule often lead to unique sets of ozonolysis products from which their structures, excluding stereochemistry, can be determined from molecular formulas only. This article shows how students may elucidate the structures of these compounds by analysis of the oxidative and reductive workup products.Gross, Ray A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 604.

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Alkenes |

Alkynes |

Carboxylic Acids |

Oxidation / Reduction |

Student-Centered Learning

Nomenclature Made Practical: Student Discovery of the Nomenclature RulesMichael C. Wirtz, Joan Kaufmann, and Gary HawleyPresents a method to teach chemical nomenclature to students in an introductory chemistry course that utilizes the discovery-learning model. Inorganic compounds are grouped into four categories and introduced through separate activities interspersed throughout the first semester to provide context and avoid confronting the student with all of the nomenclature rules at once. Wirtz, Michael C.; Kaufmann, Joan; Hawley, Gary. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 595.

Acrostic Puzzles in the ClassroomDorothy SwainAcrostic puzzles are an effective vehicle to expose students to the history and philosophy of science without lecturing.Swain, Dorothy. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 589.

If It's Resonance, What Is Resonating?Robert C. KerberThis article reviews the origin of the terminology associated with the use of more than one Lewis-type structure to describe delocalized bonding in molecules and how the original usage has evolved to reduce confusionKerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 223.

Aromatic Compounds |

Covalent Bonding |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Resonance Theory

Are Some Elements More Equal Than Others?Ronald L. RichPresents a new periodic chart with 18 columns but no interruptions of atomic numbers at Lanthanum or Actinum, and no de-emphasis of elements 57-71 or 89-103 by seeming to make footnotes of them. It shows some elements more than once in order to illuminate multiple relationships in chemical behavior. Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1761.

The Symbolism of Chemical Equations Jensen, William B.Traces the origins of the equal sign and double arrow symbolism in balanced chemical equations.Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1461.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Diels–Alder Synthesis of endo-cis-N-Phenylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2,3-dicarboximideMarsha R. Baar and Kristin Wustholzendo-cis-N-Phenylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2,3-dicarboximide was synthesized by a DielsAlder cycloaddition of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and N-phenylmaleimide in ethyl acetate. 1,3-Cyclohexadiene and N-phenylmaleimide were selected to illustrate the Alder rule, which reflects a preference for endo products and to overcome the difficulties associated with the traditional combination of 1,3-cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride. Baar, Marsha R.; Wustholz, Kristin. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1393.

Asymmetric Synthesis |

Microscale Lab |

Stereochemistry |

Addition Reactions |

Alkenes |

IR Spectroscopy |

NMR Spectroscopy

Cis and Trans Isomers of CycloalkenesSusan E. Barrows and Thomas H. EberleinThe purpose of this article is to provide that analysis. In order for a cycloalkene to accommodate a trans double bond one or more of the following nonideal geometries must occur: a twisted p bond; pyramidal sp2-carbon atoms; nonideal sp3 bond angles; or longer than normal CC single and double bonds. This article provides a list of experimentally determined relative energies of the cis and trans isomers within the series cycloheptenecycloundecene, along with computationally derived energies at several levels of theory. It also examines the geometric distortions through which cycloalkenes relieve the strain introduced by a trans double bond. Barrows, Susan E.; Eberlein, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1334.

Computational Chemistry |

Molecular Modeling |

Alkenes |

Diastereomers

Understanding Rotation about a C=C Double BondSusan E. Barrows and Thomas H. EberleinWe present a simple method of introducing the concept of a flexible C=C pi bond into beginning organic chemistry courses. We report the energetic demands of partial twisting about the C=C bond in 2-butene as calculated using DFT, LMP2, and MCSCF methods. Finally, using the results of these calculations, we assessed the degree of strain introduced by the twisted nature of the C=C bond in trans cycloalkenes. Barrows, Susan E.; Eberlein, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1329.

Computational Chemistry |

Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |

Molecular Modeling |

Alkenes

Improving Conceptions in Analytical Chemistry: ci Vi = cf VfMargarita Rodríguez-López and Arnaldo Carrasquillo Jr.A common misconception related to analytical chemistry, which may be generalized as the failure to recognize and to account analytically for changes in substance density, is discussed. A cautionary example is made through the use of mass-based units of composition during volumetric dilution. The correct application of the volumetric dilution equation ci Vi = cf Vf is discussed. A quantitative description of the systematic error introduced by incorrect use of the volumetric dilution equation is also specified. Rodríguez-López, Margarita; Carrasquillo, Arnaldo, Jr. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1327.

Industrial Chemistry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Quantitative Analysis |

Solutions / Solvents

The Addition of Bromine to 1,2-Diphenylethene Judith C. Amburgey-Peters and LeRoy W. HaynesWe investigated the reaction of (Z)-1,2-diphenylethene (cis-stilbene) with various brominating reagents and solvents following directions in standard organic chemistry manuals. We were particularly interested in learning which combination of brominating reagent and solvent gave the best yield of (d,l)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane without the formation of significant amounts of meso-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, which is essentially the sole product from the reaction of bromine with (E)-1,2-diphenylethene (trans-stilbene). Based on the results from the standard preparatory methods, some permutations of solvent and brominating reagent were tried.Amburgey-Peters, Judith C.; Haynes, LeRoy W. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1051.

"In Yeast" WordsearchTerry L. HelserThis puzzle contains 31 names, terms and acronyms that describe enzyme catalysis in a 15-by-14 letter matrix. A descriptive narrative with underlined spaces to be filled gives clues to the terms students need to find. When all are found, the 15 letters remaining in the matrix complete a sentence describing what enzymes do. This wordsearch puzzle is suitable for any course that introduces enzyme nomenclature. Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 552.

Enzymes |

Metabolism |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Water WordsearchTerry L. HelserThis puzzle contains 36 names and terms from water chemistry in a 14-by-13 letter matrix. A descriptive narrative with underlined spaces to be filled gives clues to the terms students need to find. When all are found, the 16 letters remaining in the matrix complete a sentence describing a reason to learn these terms. It is suitable for any course that introduces the unique properties of water. Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 551.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Water / Water Chemistry |

Physical Properties

Designing Element T-shirts: Spelling with the Periodic TableJulie Palmer and Lisa BrosnickAs an enrichment activity for the periodic table unit, students used element symbols to spell their name or a common word. These element "words" were typed into a template using proper element notation, atomic mass, and atomic number. The resulting templates were then printed on iron-on t-shirt transfer papers using an inkjet printer. Students ironed the transfers onto t-shirts and wore the shirts to school in celebration of National Chemistry Week.Palmer, Julie; Brosnick, Lisa. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 517.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Introducing JCE ChemInfo: OrganicHans J. ReichJCE ChemInfo: Organic is a collection of Web pages containing information useful to teachers, researchers, and students in organic chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry. The pages have been selected for ease of use, broad applicability, and quality of coverage. Topics will include structural information, organic reactions, nomenclature, physical properties, and spectroscopic data. These Web pages will be updated when possible and additional Web pages will be added as they become available.Reich, Hans J. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 495.

Medicinal Chemistry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

NMR Spectroscopy

The Evolution of a Green Chemistry Laboratory Experiment: Greener Brominations of StilbeneLallie C. McKenzie, Lauren M. Huffman, and James E. HutchisonWe describe two new greener alkene bromination reactions that offer enhanced laboratory safety and convey important green chemistry concepts, in addition to illustrating the chemistry of alkenes. The two alternative reactions, one involving pyridinium tribromide and a second using hydrogen peroxide and hydrobromic acid, are compared to the traditional bromination of stilbene through the application of green metrics, including atom economy, percent experimental atom economy, E factor, and effective mass yield.McKenzie, Lallie C.; Huffman, Lauren M.; Hutchison, James E. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 306.

Synthesis |

Green Chemistry |

Aromatic Compounds |

Addition Reactions |

Alkenes

Finding Chemical Anchors in the KitchenLiliana HaimWe present a series of cooking activities to be carried out as a starting point of a chemistry course in the elementary school. This "kitchen course" is intended for students ages 911 who are new to chemistry. The main purpose is to allow students to practice transferrable skills by handling concrete kitchen materials; they learn classification, ordering, unit conversion, and conservation. The kitchen activities also introduce anchors for chemistry-specific skills such as periodic table conformation and manipulation, chemical equation and chemical formula use, relative mass, and element and compound differentiation.Haim, Liliana. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 228.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

The Kilogram and the Mole ReduxPaul J. KarolFreemans reply to my letter on the kilogram and the mole misses the point, perhaps because I was not sufficiently clear. Of his substantive criticisms, Freeman first states (correctly) I define NAAvogadros numberand that I then define the kilogram (incorrect). Defining NA in conjunction with the existing undebatable definition of a mass scale based on 12C mandates, ipso facto, the kilogram metric. Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 212.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Stoichiometry

A Substitute for “Bromine in Carbon Tetrachloride”Joshua M. Daley and Robert G. LandoltBenzotrifluoride (BTF) is a suitable solvent substitute for carbon tetrachloride in experiments requiring application of bromine (Br2) in free radical or addition reactions with organic substrates. A 1 M solution of Br2 in BTF may be used to distinguish hydrocarbons based on the ease of abstraction of hydrogen atoms in thermally or light-induced free radical substitutions. Efficacy of minimization of solvent use, by aliquot addition to neat samples, has been established.Daley, Joshua M.; Landolt, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 120.

Alkenes |

Free Radicals |

Green Chemistry |

Qualitative Analysis |

Reactions

The Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylation in the Organic Chemistry Majors LaboratoryChristopher J. Nichols and Melissa R. TaylorA six-period laboratory exercise has been developed that uses the convenient Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) to illustrate the principles of a chiral synthesis. Using one particular alkene, students perform a racemic dihydroxylation, an AD using a commercially available AD-mix, and then an AD using an ester derivative of dihydroquinidine that they synthesized themselves. The structures of the products are confirmed with 1H NMR spectroscopy and the enantiomeric excesses of the diols are determined using a chiral GC column. Nichols, Christopher J.; Taylor, Melissa R. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 105.

Chirality / Optical Activity |

Chromatography |

IR Spectroscopy |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Synthesis |

Alkenes |

Addition Reactions

Empirical Formulas and the Solid State: A ProposalWilliam B. JensenThis brief article calls attention to the failure of most introductory textbooks to point out explicitly the fact that nonmolecular solids do not have molecular formulas and suggests some practical remedies for improving textbook coverage of this subject. The inadequacies of the terms "empirical formula" and "molecular formula" are also discussed, and the terms "relative compositional formula" and "absolute compositional formula" are proposed as more appropriate alternatives. Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1772.

Solid State Chemistry |

Solids |

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Cis and Trans Isomerization in Cyclic Alkenes: A Topic for Discovery Using the Results of Molecular ModelingSusan E. Barrows and Thomas H. EberleinThis article describes an activity in which students are led to discover the fundamental reasons behind the unusual instability of the trans isomers in medium-sized cycloalkenes by using the results of molecular modeling. Notably, students will make the unexpected discovery that twisting about p bonds is perhaps more facile than they had been led to believe. Barrows, Susan E.; Eberlein, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1529.

Covalent Bonding |

Computational Chemistry |

Molecular Modeling |

Alkenes |

Molecular Properties / Structure

Solvent-Free Wittig Reaction: A Green Organic Chemistry Laboratory ExperimentSam H. Leung and Stephen A. AngelIn this experiment (E)- and (Z)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-phenylethene are synthesized by a solvent-free Wittig reaction. The reaction is effected by grinding the reactants in a mortar with a pestle. Both the E and Z isomers of the product are produced as evidenced by thin-layer chromatography and 1H NMR analysis. The E isomer is isolated by crystallization with ethanol in this experiment. In addition to learning about the Wittig reaction, students are also introduced to the ideas of mechanochemistry and green chemistry.Leung, Sam H.; Angel, Stephen A. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1492.

Chromatography |

Green Chemistry |

Microscale Lab |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Synthesis |

Reactions |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Alkenes

Etymology as an Aid to Understanding Chemistry ConceptsNittala S. SarmaRecognition of word roots and the pattern of evolution of scientific terms can be helpful in understanding chemistry concepts (gaining knowledge of new concepts represented by related terms). The meaning and significance of various etymological roots, occurring as prefixes and suffixes in technical terms particularly of organic chemistry, are explained in a unified manner in order to show the connection of various concepts vis  vis the terms in currency. The meanings of some special words and many examples are provided. Sarma, Nittala S. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1437.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

The Origin of the Mole ConceptWilliam B. JensenIn response to a reader query, the column traces the origins of the mole concept in chemistry. Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 1409.

Why Helium Ends in "-ium"William B. JensenIn response to a reader query, the reasons are traced for helium having the ending "-ium", usually reserved for metals. Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 944.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

SI for Chemists: A ModificationRobert D. FreemanTo correct my original blunder, I recommend that the name "amount of substance" be replaced by "quant" (rather than posos). The word "quant" is in standard dictionaries and has a single meaning related to boating.Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 802.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

SI for Chemists: Another PositionTomislav CvitasI must say that I agree neither with what was said in the original commentary by R. D. Freeman, nor with the letter by P. Karol. Cvitas, Tomislav. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 801.

The Origin of VinylWilliam B. JensenIn response to a reader query, the column traces the origins of the word "vinyl" back to the Latin term, vinum, meaning "wine". Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2004, 81, 464.

Vibrational Analysis for C60 and Other FullerenesFrank RiouxNakamoto and McKinney provided a symmetry analysis of the vibrational modes of C60 and other fullerenes. I would like to supplement their presentation with another approach, in widespread use, which records the number of atoms that are unmoved by each symmetry operation, yielding the reducible representation Guma.Rioux, Frank. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 1380.

Chirality / Optical Activity |

Group Theory / Symmetry |

IR Spectroscopy |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Raman Spectroscopy |

Alkenes

Vibrational Analysis for C60 and Other FullerenesFrank RiouxNakamoto and McKinney provided a symmetry analysis of the vibrational modes of C60 and other fullerenes. I would like to supplement their presentation with another approach, in widespread use, which records the number of atoms that are unmoved by each symmetry operation, yielding the reducible representation Guma.Rioux, Frank. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 1380.

Chirality / Optical Activity |

Group Theory / Symmetry |

IR Spectroscopy |

NMR Spectroscopy |

Raman Spectroscopy |

Alkenes

Reactions (→) vs Equations (=)S. R. LoganA recent chemical kinetics text uses an equals sign for an overall reaction, whereas an arrow is used in each of the reaction steps that are proposed to constitute the mechanism, and for any elementary process. Logan, S. R. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 1258.

Kinetics |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Organic NomenclatureDavid B. Shaw and Laura R. YindraOrganic Nomenclature is a drill-and-practice exercise in naming organic compounds (using both common and IUPAC names) and identifying structural formulas. It consists of multiple-choice questions where a name or formula is given and the correct formula or name is chosen from a list of five possible answers. Shaw, David B.; Yindra, Laura R. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 1223.

Organic Functional Group Playing Card DeckMichael J. WelshOrganic functional group playing card deck used for review of the name and structure of organic functional groups that can be used to play any game that a normal deck of cards is used for.Welsh, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 426.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Nonmajor Courses |

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Alcohols |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Alkenes |

Alkynes |

Amides |

Amines / Ammonium Compounds |

Aromatic Compounds |

Carboxylic Acids |

Esters |

Ethers |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Synthesis

The Name Game: Learning the Connectivity between the ConceptsMarina C. KoetherGame in which students review words (names of elements and compounds, instrumentation, types of reactions) using an ice-breaker-type activity; each student given a word that they can't see but everyone else can; must learn their name by asking as few yes-no questions as possible.Koether, Marina C. J. Chem. Educ.2003, 80, 421.

Measurements for a Rainy DayErica K. Jacobsen and Nancy S. GettysStudents collect data on a rainy day and use the information to calculate the rate of rainfall.Jacobsen, Erica K.; Gettys, Nancy S. J. Chem. Educ.2002, 79, 1104A.

Periplanar or Coplanar?Saul Kane and William H. HershThe prefix peri, derived from the Greek for "near", was chosen to make the meaning "approximately planar". However, the current common usage of syn and antiperiplanar is planar, which is incorrect. In the interests of proper language, we suggest that future authors instead use "syn-coplanar" and "anti-coplanar".Kane, Saul; Hersh, William H. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 1366.

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Stereochemistry |

Molecular Properties / Structure

Are We Taking Symbolic Language for Granted? Paul Marais and Faan JordaanThis study formed part of a broader investigation into the role of language in teaching and learning chemical equilibrium. Students were tested for their understanding of 25 words and five symbols commonly used in connection with chemical equilibrium. This test showed that most of the students had an inadequate grasp of the meaning of all five symbols. It also showed that, on the average, their understanding of symbols was more problematic than their understanding of words.Marais, Paul; Jordaan, Faan. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 1355.

Classroom Nomenclature Games--BINGOThomas D. CruteThe use of games in the chemistry classroom can provide instruction, feedback, practice, and fun. A modification of a BINGO game to chemical nomenclature and a specific application to alkanes are described. Tips on preparation of materials, and suggested variations including inorganic nomenclature are presented. Crute, Thomas D. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 481.

How to Make Learning Chemical Nomenclature Fun, Exciting, and PalatableJoseph ChimenoOne great challenge that introductory chemistry students have is learning the names of various chemical compounds. To make chemical nomenclature fun, exciting, and palatable, the "Rainbow Wheel" was developed at North Iowa Area Community College. Chimeno, Joseph. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 144.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

The Use of Extent of Reaction in Introductory CoursesSebastian G. CanagaratnaThis article discusses the use of the extent of reaction as an alternative to the traditional approach to stoichiometry in first-year chemistry. The method focuses attention on the reaction as a whole rather than on pairs of reagents as in the traditional approach. The balanced equation is used as the unit of change. Canagaratna, Sebastian G. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 52.

A New Look at Reaction RatesTomislav CvitasThe rate of reaction, as an intensive quantity characteristic of the process, is obtained by dividing the amount of chemical transformations per time by the volume of the reaction system. The practical definition of the reaction rate found in the literature can then be derived by defining the stoichiometric numbers as changes in the number of specific molecules taking part in the reaction per chemical transformation. Cvitas, Tomislav. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 1574.

Kinetics |

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Rate Law

A Simple Demonstration for Introducing the Metric System to Introductory Chemistry ClassesClarke W. EarleyA simple demonstration is described for introducing metric system prefixes and conversion between different units. The width of the classroom is defined as an arbitrarily standard of length ("room") and measured using a paper streamer. By cutting this into ten equal pieces, a deciroom measure is obtained. Centiroom and milliroom pieces are obtained in a similar manner. Earley, Clarke W. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 1215.

A Puzzling Alcohol Dehydration Reaction Solved by GC–MS AnalysisMichael W. Pelter and Rebecca M. MacudzinskiThe reaction of 2-methyl-2-propanol with ~50% sulfuric acid at 100 C yields isobutylene, which reacts further by a "puzzling" reaction. By coupling the GC/MS analysis of the product mixture with their knowledge of the mechanism of alcohol dehydration and alkene reactivity, students are able to identify the major products of this reaction. Pelter, Michael W.; Macudzinski, Rebecca M. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 826.

Synthesis |

Microscale Lab |

Mass Spectrometry |

Gas Chromatography |

Alcohols |

Alkenes

Calculating Units with the HP 48G CalculatorMatthew E. MorganThe HP 48G's units function can make simple calculations, such as converting grams to moles, or more complex unit analysis, such as gas law calculations. Examples and calculator keystrokes for both of these examples are included in this article. Morgan, Matthew E. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 631.

Using Games To Teach Chemistry. 2. CHeMoVEr Board GameJeanne V. RussellA board game similar to Sorry or Parcheesi was developed. Students must answer chemistry questions correctly to move their game piece around the board. Card decks contain questions on balancing equations, identifying the types of equations, and predicting products from given reactants. Russell, Jeanne V. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 487.

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Using Games to Teach Chemistry. 1. The Old Prof Card GamePhilip L. Granath and Jeanne V. RussellA card game has been developed and used to teach nomenclature of the elements and their symbols in the first laboratory session of General Chemistry. The game both helps the students learn or review the symbols of the elements and is a good "icebreaker" where students learn the names of other students. Granath, Philip L.; Russell, Jeanne V. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 485.

Learning Theories |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Don't Forget the Units!Kathryn R. WilliamsWhile looking through Volume 3, the author was attracted to correspondence by Harvey A. Neville, bearing the title "The Metric System and Mr. Dale" (1926, 3, 215). This led her to find several rewarding, and often amusing, writings on the metric system. Williams, Kathryn R. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 313.

CHEMiCALC (4000161) and CHEMiCALC Personal Tutor (4001108), Version 4.0 (by O. Bertrand Ramsay)Scott White and George BodnerCHEMiCALC is a thoughtfully designed software package developed for use by high school and general chemistry students, who will benefit from the personal tutor mode that helps to guide them through unit conversion, empirical formula, molecular weight, reaction stoichiometry, and solution stoichiometry calculations.White, Scott; Bodner, George M. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 34.

Demonstrations of the Enormity of Avogadro's NumberDamon DiementeMost high-school students learn of Avogadro's number for the first time when they begin study of the mole concept. It is important to impress students with the enormity of Avogadro's number and the concomitant minuscularity of the atom. The present article describes three such problems.Diemente, Damon. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 1565.

S. M. Tanatar and His Contribution to the Field of Thermal RearrangementsLudmila BirladeanuThermal rearrangements constitute an important chapter in organic chemistry. Surprisingly, the name of its discoverer remains unknown. The present article is meant to remedy this situation by describing some of the work of the 19th century Russian chemist S. M. Tanatar (1849 - 1917) who, based on the thermochemical data provided by Berthelot, envisaged the possibility of transforming cyclopropane into propene under the influence of heat alone. Birladeanu, Ludmila. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 603.

Gases |

Thermodynamics |

Synthesis |

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Alkenes

A History of the Double-Bond RuleBernard E. HoogenboomFrom his experience as an industrial chemist, Otto Schmidt recognized the bond weakening in hydrocarbons and in 1932 postulated the "Double-Bond Rule," stating that the presence of a double bond in a hydrocarbon has an alternating strengthening and weakening effect on single bonds throughout the molecule, diminishing with distance from the double bond.Hoogenboom, Bernard E. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 596.

Incorporating Organic Name Reactions and Minimizing Qualitative Analysis in an Unknown Identification ExperimentClaire Castro and William KarneyThe authors have developed a new type of unknown identification experiment for the introductory organic chemistry laboratory. The unknown sample the student is provided with is the product of an organic name reaction. The student is only informed of the starting material and conditions used in the compound's synthesis, and must then: (1) deduce the compound's structure, (2) determine the name reaction and corresponding mechanism that yields the compound, and (3) present his/her results to the class. Claire Castro and William Karney. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 472.

On the Disproportionations of Cyclohexene and Related CompoundsAlex Bunjes, Ingo Eilks, Manfred Pahlke, and Bernd Ralle*The catalytic hydrogenation of liquid hydrocarbons is easy to realize in a simple laboratory experiment using a palladium catalyst. In the case of hydrogenation cyclohexen or cyclohexadiene in addition to the expected finding of cyclohexane among the hydrogenation products, the formation of benzene can be observed. In absence of hydrogen, the disproportionation of both starting materials to cyclohexane and benzene takes place.Bunjes, Alex; Eilks, Ingo; Pahlke, Manfred; Ralle, Bernd. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 1323.

A Note on the Term "Chalcogen"William B. JensenIt is argued that the best translation of the term "chalcogen" is "ore former." It is further suggested that the term chalcogenide should be replaced with the term chalcide in order to maintain a parallelism with the terms halogen and halide. Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 1063.

Ionization or Dissociation?Emeric SchultzThe use of the terms Dissociation and Ionization in the teaching of chemistry is discussed. It is suggested that the term dissociation, and what it suggests in terms of ordinary language, is inappropriate when used in certain contexts. Since an alternate and more physically correct term, specifically ionization, is available for these contexts, it is argued that this term be used consistently in these contexts.Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 868.

Aromaticity Today: Energetic and Structural CriteriaMikhail GlukhovtsevThe present paper addresses current controversies in development and applications of the two main criteria of aromaticity, namely, energetic and structural criteria. Various types of resonance energy with an emphasis on homodesmotic and isodesmic stabilization energies are discussed. Reliability of such structural criteria of aromaticity as equalization of carbon-carbon bond lengths and stability with respect to out-of-plane distortions of a molecular structure are analyzed using various examples. Glukhovtsev, Mikhail . J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 132.

A -78°C Sequential Michael Addition for the Organic LabMichael W. TanisThis paper introduces a cold-temperature enolate alkylation reaction that can be performed safely and inexpensively by undergraduate students in approximately two 3-hour lab sessions. Tanis, Michael W. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 112.

Addition Reactions |

Alkenes |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Synthesis

Preparation and Solution Polymerization of DiacetylenesBruce A. Hathaway and Angela M. ScatesMost published student laboratory syntheses of symmetrical diacetylenes follow Hay's procedure, with some modifications for using air as a source of oxygen. We report a simpler procedure, which has been useful in preparing a variety of diacetylenes. In addition, we have developed conditions suitable for solution polymerization of these diacetylenes to PDA's, using short-wave UV light. Hathaway, Bruce A.; Scates, Angela M. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 111.

Interfacing "8088" Computers in the Chemistry LaboratoryJames Goodrich and Bill DurhamThe goal of using such puzzles is to provide a bit of variety to beginning chemistry students and reduce the tedium of memorizing chemical names.Goodrich, James; Durham, Bill. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, A130.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Displaying Chemical Formulas in Microsoft ExcelE. Joseph BilloAn Excel macro which automates the entry of subscripts in Excel spreadsheets is described. The macro is assigned to a custom button on Excel's standard toolbar, so that, after typing a text label containing a chemical formula, clicking the button automatically formats the text as a chemical formula.Billo, E. Joseph. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, A40.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Amyl: A Misunderstood WordRichard A. KjonaasThere is much confusion associated with the word amyl. When younger chemists are taught to use the words propyl, butyl, and pentyl in place of n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-pentyl, they then incorrectly assume that this practice also applies to the word amyl.Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 1127.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Playing with the Soccer Ball-an Experimental Introduction to Fullerene ChemistryAchim Hildebrand, Uwe Hilgers, Rudiger Blume, Dagmar Wiechoczek,For the first time a selection of simple experiments with C60 on high-school and university level are presented: the bromination with Winkler's solution, hydroxylation with an alkaline permanganate solution, cycloadditions of dichlorcarbene and cyclopentadiene and the formation of a molecular complex with o-dimethoxybenzene. Hildebrand, Achim; Hilgers, Uwe; Blume, Rudiger; Wiechoczek, Dagmar. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 1066.

Alkenes

An Alternative Derivation of the Energy Levels of the "Particle on a Ring" SystemAlan VincentIf the linear box is bent round into a ring, acceptable wave functions are those which are continuous at the 'join'. On this model some acceptable linear functions become unacceptable for the ring and some unacceptable cosine functions become acceptable. This approach can be used to produce a straightforward derivation of the energy levels and wave functions of the particle on a ring. Vincent, Alan. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 1001.

An Excel 4.0 Add-in Function to Calculate Molecular MassChristian Hauck185. In this paper, a Microsoft Excel 4.0 add-in function is presented, which consists of a parser to interpret molecular formulas and a database containing three values for the atomic masses for every element: the mass number of the most abundant isotope, the mass of the most abundant isotope, and the atomic weight. Hauck, Christian. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 433.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Molecular Properties / Structure

Relative Stabilities and Reactivities of Isolated Versus Conjugated Alkenes: Reconciliation Via a Molecular Orbital ApproachChariklia Sotiriou-Leventis, Samir B. Hanna, and Nicholas LeventisThe well-accepted practice of generating a pair of molecular orbitals, one of lower energy and another of higher energy than the original pair of overlapping atomic orbitals, and the concept of a particle in a one-dimensional box are implemented in a simplified, nonmathematical method that explains the relative stabilities and reactivities of alkenes with conjugated versus isolated double bonds.Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia; Hanna, Samir B.; Leventis, Nicholas. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 295.

Those Baffling SubscriptsArthur W. Friedel and David P. MaloneyStudy of the difficulties students have in interpreting subscripts correctly and distinguishing atoms from molecules when answering questions and solving problems.Friedel, Arthur W.; Maloney, David P. J. Chem. Educ.1995, 72, 899.

Which Organic Molecule Should I Pick?Perkins, RobertExamples of questions requiring students to demonstrate their understanding of organic structures, nomenclature, isomerism, and chemical reactivity.Perkins, Robert J. Chem. Educ.1995, 72, 124.

A Simple and Safe Catalytic Hydrogenation of 4-Vinylbenzoic AcidDe, Shantanu; Gambhir, Geetu; Krishnamurty, H. G.An alternative procedure to catalytic hydrogenation is catalytic transfer hydrogenation. In this technique, the reduction of an organic compound is achieved with the aid of a donor substance in the presence of a catalyst.De, Shantanu; Gambhir, Geetu; Krishnamurty, H. G. J. Chem. Educ.1994, 71, 992.

The centennial of systematic organic nomenclatureSmith, Homer A., Jr.This article outlines the development of the Geneva Rules, sketches the history of important modifications over the years, discusses the recent advances under auspices of IUPAC, and speculates about future developments.Smith, Homer A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 863.

Misusing "molecular"Goldberg, David E.In discussing net ionic equations, the authors of many general chemistry textbooks call the overall equation a "molecular equation", which is misleading at best and incorrect at worst.Goldberg, David E. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 776.

Views of nursing professionals on chemistry course content for nursing educationWalhout, Justine S.; Heinschel, Judie.Analysis of survey conducted of deans of schools of nursing, chairs of nursing departments, and registered nurses regarding courses required of nursing students and the importance of different units of measure and 39 chemistry topics to the nursing profession.Walhout, Justine S.; Heinschel, Judie. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 483.

Medicinal Chemistry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

A source of isomer-drawing assignmentsKjonaas, Richard A.A comprehensive source from which instructors can choose a wide variety of good isomer drawing examples to use as homework assignments and exam questions.Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 452.

Hydroboration for the large organic laboratoryPickering, MilesThis paper reports an experiment in hydroboration without large hood space requirements, without special glassware requirements, and without inert atmospheric precautions.Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ.1990, 67, 436.

Oxidation / Reduction |

Alkenes |

Alcohols |

Qualitative Analysis

Please, no angstrometer!Gorin, GeorgeInstead of urging the adoption of more prefixes, there is good reason to propose that some of them be eliminated.Gorin, George J. Chem. Educ.1990, 67, 277.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

A PROLOG program for the generation of molecular formulasMendez, B.; Moreno, J. A.112. Bits and pieces, 43. The authors have developed a computer program that generates a list of all possible molecular formulas for compounds that may contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens that are consistent with certain restrictive conditions.Mendez, B.; Moreno, J. A. J. Chem. Educ.1990, 67, 234.

Organic Reaction Chemistry, Review II (Flash, P.; Bendall, V.)Chipman, Wilmon B.Six different programs which allow the user to identify functional groups, supply the missing reagent necessary to complete a given reaction, deduce the product of a given reaction, ascertain whether a given reaction will go, search the reaction database for functional group conversions, and search for the utility of a certain reagent.Chipman, Wilmon B. J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, A171.

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Reactions |

Mechanisms of Reactions |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Organic Reaction Chemistry, Review I (Flash, P.; Bendall, V.)Hargis, J. H.Six different programs which allow the user to identify functional groups, supply the missing reagent necessary to complete a given reaction, deduce the product of a given reaction, ascertain whether a given reaction will go, search the reaction database for functional group conversions, and search for the utility of a certain reagent.Hargis, J. H. J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, A170.

The interconversion of cis and trans isomersMcGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B.Trans-alkene oxides are converted to cis-alkenes on treatment with tributylphosphine, yet this reaction does not appear in most organic textbooks.McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B. J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 486.

Stereochemistry |

Diastereomers |

Alkenes |

Mechanisms of Reactions

Different Choices (author response)Kemp, H.R.Ronald Rich discusses the use of descriptive units in the problem of calculating the concentration of a 96% sulfuric acid solution of a known density.Kemp, H.R. J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 271.

Concerning UnitsStrobel, PierreWadlinger rightly pointed out a number of traps and misunderstandings resulting from an omission of such descriptive units as atom or wave. Here are some more examples, which any chemist dealing with some physics is likely to encounter.Strobel, Pierre J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 270.

Naming inorganic compoundsLancashire, Robert J.Textbook survey regarding inconsistencies in systems for the order of naming ligands when using prefixes.Lancashire, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ.1987, 64, 900.

The chemists' deltaCraig, Norman C.Thermodynamic quantities such as ?G and ?S are intensive functions and derivatives that depend on instantaneous values of the partial molar forms of various thermodynamic properties of reactions and products; they are not simple finite differences.Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ.1987, 64, 668.

Rules for propagation of significant figuresStieg, ScottThe cited article fails to recognize that the last digit in a number implies precision or random error in the measurement result estimated by the number.Stieg, Scott J. Chem. Educ.1987, 64, 471.

Naming after names: Good or bad?Ball, David W.Isn't all the "name calling" in chemistry confusing? The author thinks this is especially true for students, and proposes a move away from using personal names in chemistry.Ball, David W. J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 1039.

Carbonium ion: Waxing and waning of a nameTraynham, James G.A review of the history of the name "carbonium ion" reveals how a chemical term may emerge, become popular in a different context, lose its precision, and fall from popularity. It illuminates the care required in the development and use of chemical nomenclature.Traynham, James G. J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 930.

SI and non-SI units of concentration: A truce?Rich, Ronald L.These authors examine whether a truce could be promoted by filling a chemical gap in the System Internationale with special attention on concentration.Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 784.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Solutions / Solvents |

Aqueous Solution Chemistry

A time scale for fast eventsOnwood, DavidScientific vocabulary has not grown so as to afford a single means that is uniform, succinct , and accurate to describe the characteristic time of rapid events.Onwood, David J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 680.

Find-the-pairsRyan, Jack73. Bits and pieces, 29. A computer game that can help students avoid the drudgery of memorizing such essential items as elemental names and symbols or conversion factors.Ryan, Jack J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 626.

Where did that number come from? DeLorenzo, RonaldWith more careful labeling and handling of numbers, instructors can reduce the confusion students sometimes feel when watching problems being solved by the instructor on the board.DeLorenzo, Ronald J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 514.

The origin and adoption of the Stock systemKauffman, George B.; Jrgensen, Christian KlixbllThe history and development of the Stock system of inorganic nomenclature.Kauffman, George B.; Jrgensen, Christian Klixbll J. Chem. Educ.1985, 62, 243.

A short set of 13C-NMR correlation tablesBrown, D. W.The object of these tables is to enable a student to calculate rapidly approximate d values for 13C nuclei in as wide a variety of compounds as possible.Brown, D. W. J. Chem. Educ.1985, 62, 209.

The mole: Questioning format can make a differenceLazonby, John N.; Morris, Jane E.; Waddington, David J.Study of 2,695 high school students that found that it is the piecing together of the individual steps involved in mole calculations that presents the main difficulty for students.Lazonby, John N.; Morris, Jane E.; Waddington, David J. J. Chem. Educ.1985, 62, 60.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Stoichiometry

A LAP on moles: Teaching an important conceptIhde, JohnThe objective of the Learning Activity Packet on moles include understanding the basic concept of the mole as a chemical unit, knowing the relationships between the mole and the atomic weights in the periodic table, and being able to solve basic conversion problems involving grams, moles, atoms, and molecules. [Debut]Ihde, John J. Chem. Educ.1985, 62, 58.

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Chemometrics |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

The naming of evolving theories: Retaining the spirit of inventionFreeman, Gordon, R.To retain a reference to the major controversy that was resolved by a new theory, and therefore to a major step in the growth of knowledge, reference names in the lengthening list used to refer to a particular theory should be dropped from the middle, not the beginning.Freeman, Gordon, R. J. Chem. Educ.1985, 62, 57.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

What's in a name: NaNO3Haberfield, PaulOrigin and relationships between the names of sodium (natrium), the nitrate ion, and nitrogen.Haberfield, Paul J. Chem. Educ.1985, 62, 56.

Concerning unitsWadlinger, Robert L.The author discusses several instances where a critical reexamination of the use, or lack of use, of units should be made. He advocates the introduction of the descriptive unit wave to make many relationships, such as the Planck-Einstein equation, less open to misinterpretation and proposes the adoption of the radian as a fundamental unit.Wadlinger, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ.1983, 60, 942.

The NMR time scaleBryant, Robert G.The author states that it is common jargon to talk about slow or fast process in relation to the "NMR time scale" as if such a time scale had been carefully defined and agreed on by all. He examines each of the physical or chemical process associated with NMR spectra and correlates them to their time-scale ranges.Bryant, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ.1983, 60, 933.

Stability and formation of isobutylene dimersGoldsmith, Robert H.Isobutylene is an important bulk chemical for the petroleum industry. Dimerization and hydrogenation reactions produces the standard for fuel octane rating comparison. However, this classic chemistry is often misrepresented in modern texts. Therefore this paper attempts to correlate the physical organic principles that apply.Goldsmith, Robert H. J. Chem. Educ.1983, 60, 596.

A novel classification of concentration unitsMacCarthy, PatrickConcentration units can be a source of confusion for students. This article presents a treatment on this topic that may help students understand the differences between these units.MacCarthy, Patrick J. Chem. Educ.1983, 60, 187.

The principle of vinylogyKrishnamurthy, SubrahmanyaThe principle of vinylogy recognizes the possibility that the inductive effect of a functional group is transmitted through a double bond or a conjugated system of double bonds.Krishnamurthy, Subrahmanya J. Chem. Educ.1982, 59, 543.

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Alkenes |

Esters |

Aldehydes / Ketones |

Amides |

Aromatic Compounds

Cyclopropenoid fatty acidsGreenberg, Arthur; Harris, JosephHow do cyclopropene rings come to be in natural molecules, and what "havoc", if any, do these reactive units create in living organisms?Greenberg, Arthur; Harris, Joseph J. Chem. Educ.1982, 59, 539.

Colmolaity DiPippo, Ascanio G.It is suggested that a more generally descriptive unit, "the colomole" be adapted in place of the "osmole" in discussions and calculations involving the colligative properties of solutions.DiPippo, Ascanio G. J. Chem. Educ.1981, 58, 619.

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Thermodynamics |

Chemometrics |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Another view of significant figuresWard, Chares R.Ambiguity surrounding the treatment of the trailing zero can be overcome by requiring that trailing zeros be written only if they are meant to be significant.Ward, Chares R. J. Chem. Educ.1981, 58, 616.

Notation for order of additionNiewahner, J. H.The notation described here will enable a student to include in the chemical equation an implied statement regarding the order of addition.Niewahner, J. H. J. Chem. Educ.1981, 58, 461.

N and Na - The Egyptian connectionFeldman, Martin R.Among the fascinating stories in the history of chemical nomenclature, few are as complex historically and geographically as the origins of the names and symbols for nitrogen and sodium.Feldman, Martin R. J. Chem. Educ.1980, 57, 877.

Compact commentsRhodes, Gale; Goodmanson, DavidA clear derivation of a temperature scale interconversion equation can be carried out by plotting temperatures of one scale against corresponding temperatures of the other.Rhodes, Gale; Goodmanson, David J. Chem. Educ.1980, 57, 506.

Empirical formulasRyan, Dennis P.This question forces one to duplicate the line of reasoning used by Dalton in his initial formulation of atomic weights; it tests for the ability to deduce atomic sizes and to calculate empirical formulas.Ryan, Dennis P. J. Chem. Educ.1979, 56, 528.

The ambit of chemistryVitz, Edward W.Proposal to revise the standard definition of chemistry to one that focusses on atoms and molecules rather than simply matter.Vitz, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ.1979, 56, 327.

Periodic sub-groups Mazieres, Ch.Why are the elements of the periodic table still being labeled with A and B? This author suggests it is time to leave that convention behind.Mazieres, Ch. J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 750.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

A m3 is bigger than a breadboxLambert, Jack L.This chemist contributes his concerns and thoughts over the conversion to the metric system.Lambert, Jack L. J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 638.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

SI units? A camel is a camelAdamson, Arthur W.This paper is a summary of remarks made at a recent symposium on "New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Chemistry" in which the author took exception to both the claims made for the SI system and to the manner in which it has been promoted.Adamson, Arthur W. J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 634.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Use of hand models for assigning configurational nomenclatureGarrett, James M.A subject which often produces consternation in a beginning student in organic chemistry is that of sequential nomenclature involving chiral centers. After having studied the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules of nomenclature a student may be asked to examine a structure as shown in this article.Garrett, James M. J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 493.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Chirality / Optical Activity |

Stereochemistry |

Enantiomers

Stoichiometric study in the gas phase: Bromination of unsaturated hydrocarbonsCharlson, A. J.; Shapiro, J. S.; Ware, G. W.; Watton, E. C.Many college and high school manuals describe an experiment involving bromine addition to carbon-carbon double bonds. This experiment leaves many questions unanswered and may lead to confusion with the photo-bromination of hydrocarbons where decoloration of bromine occurs. This experiment leads students to many misconceptions regarding this reaction.Charlson, A. J.; Shapiro, J. S.; Ware, G. W.; Watton, E. C. J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 338.

Basic organic nomenclatureBreneman, G. L.A series of three computer programs have been developed in the Basic Language to give students practice in naming branched alkanes, compounds with various functional groups, and benzene derivatives.Breneman, G. L. J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 224.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

The chemical equation. Part I: Simple reactionsKolb, DorisA chemical equation is often misunderstood by students as an "equation" that is used in chemistry. However, a more accurate description is that it is a concise statement describing a chemical reaction expressed in chemical symbolism.Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 184.

What is an element?Kolb, DorisReviews the history of the discovery, naming, and representation of the elements; the development of the spectroscope and the periodic table; radioactive elements and isotopes; allotropes; and the synthesis of future elements.Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ.1977, 54, 696.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Nuclear / Radiochemistry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Isotopes

Selectivity and specificity in organic reactionsAult, AddisonDistinguishes between various forms of selectivity and specificity (e.g. the us of and differences between stereoselective and stereospecific).Ault, Addison J. Chem. Educ.1977, 54, 614.

MO description of alleneZimmerman, Howard E.This question tests students' abilities to distinguish between Huckel and Mobius systems as well as to recognize the equivalence of the traditional model for allene and that proposed.Zimmerman, Howard E. J. Chem. Educ.1977, 54, 609.

MO Theory |

Alkenes

Group theory. From common objects to moleculesHerman, Michel; Lievin, JacquesShows a practical and visual way of how the concept of symmetry present in common objects (in this case, a tennis ball) can be extended to the quantum structure of molecules.Herman, Michel; Lievin, Jacques J. Chem. Educ.1977, 54, 596.

Differences between "organic" and "inorganic" nomenclatureFernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.The authors caution chemists to make certain that the organic and inorganic systems of nomenclature completely compatible and that a word segment used in one pattern does not have a different meaning in the other.Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ.1976, 53, 773.

SI stands for student improvement Davies, William G.; Moore, John W.; Collins, Ronald W.The united states is out of step with the rest of the scientific world when it comes to our units of measurement.Davies, William G.; Moore, John W.; Collins, Ronald W. J. Chem. Educ.1976, 53, 681.

Grignard dehydration reactions. An undergraduate organic experiment.Duty, Robert C.; Ryder, Bernard L.In this laboratory, the authors have incorporated the Grignard reaction in a step-wise synthesis that has been successful in demonstrating several experimental and instrumental techniques.Duty, Robert C.; Ryder, Bernard L. J. Chem. Educ.1976, 53, 457.

Equivalents - A winner or a dead horseBrescia, FrankThe object of this article is to review the history of the stoichiometric term "equivalent" and examine its relevance over a century after the International Congress of 1860 was held at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe.Brescia, Frank J. Chem. Educ.1976, 53, 362.

Addition compoundsFernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M.The need for general terms to include all compounds with "water of crystallization" and all compounds with "ammonia of crystallization" has led to the widespread use of "ammoniates" and "hydrates" for this purpose. However, the extension of this practice has certain pitfalls since the ending -ate is now the accepted ending for anions generally.Fernelius, W. Conard; Loening, Kurt; Adams, Roy M. J. Chem. Educ.1976, 53, 354.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Electrolyte theory and S.I. unitsHolliday, R. I.The purpose of this paper is to outline the essential differences between the basic equations of the two systems of units when the equations are used to develop Debye- Huckel and Onsager Theories of Electrolytic Conductance.Holliday, R. I. J. Chem. Educ.1976, 53, 21.

Naming organic polymers. II. Structure-based polymer nomenclatureFox, Robert B.This note is an attempt to devise a precise method for communicating in words the structure of polymers. It is hoped that most possible combinations of atoms have been covered in the rules. At the same time, it is also hoped that chemists have been given another research tool for which they will find use for many years to come.Fox, Robert B. J. Chem. Educ.1974, 51, 113.

Electron affinity. The zeroth ionization potentialBrooks, David W.; Meyers, Edward A.; Sicilio, Fred; Nearing, James C.It is the purpose of this article to present the merits of adopting the terminology zeroth ionization potential to describe the energy change that occurs when a gaseous anion loses an electron.Brooks, David W.; Meyers, Edward A.; Sicilio, Fred; Nearing, James C. J. Chem. Educ.1973, 50, 487.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Some early usages of chemical termsOldroyd, D. R.Investigates the origin of some of the important terms that one commonly meets in the early year's of one's chemical education.Oldroyd, D. R. J. Chem. Educ.1973, 50, 450.

Magnetochemistry in SI unitsQuickenden, Terence I.; Marshall, Robert C.Explains the conversion of magnetochemical formulas from the frequently used CGS-EMU system to the International System of Units (SI).Quickenden, Terence I.; Marshall, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ.1972, 49, 114.

Carbonium ion-carbanion nomenclature Sinclair, Dean L.The author writes in to add his voice to the many others who have pled that the chemical world adopt consistent nomenclature systems and stick to them.Sinclair, Dean L. J. Chem. Educ.1971, 48, A105.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

SI units in physico-chemical calculationsNorris, A. C.This article demonstrates how the adoption of SI units affects some of the more important physico-chemical calculations found at the undergraduate level.Norris, A. C. J. Chem. Educ.1971, 48, 797.

Policy for NBS of SI UnitsNational Bureau of Standards; US Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.The International System of Units was defined and given official status by the General Convergence on Weights and Measures in 1960. While the basic policy remains unchanged, experience has shown the need for slight revisions of interpretation, which are incorporated in this article.National Bureau of Standards; US Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. J. Chem. Educ.1971, 48, 569.

Recent advances in stereochemical nomenclatureEliel, Ernest L.It is the purpose of this brief article to deal with the most significant of the recent nomenclature changes and additions.Eliel, Ernest L. J. Chem. Educ.1971, 48, 163.

Organic nomenclature, ILiotta, CharlesIt is the purpose of this article to call attention to errors and misconceptions in the application of IUPAC Rules of Organic Nomenclature.Liotta, Charles J. Chem. Educ.1970, 47, 471.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |

Alcohols |

Heterocycles

Measure for measureFried, RainerThe author draws attention to the use of units in popular publications like the New York Times and National Geographic.Fried, Rainer J. Chem. Educ.1970, 47, 450.

The dehydration of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanolTaber, Richard L.; Grantham, Gary D.; Champion, William C.Presents an experiment that demonstrates the usefulness of gas chromatography as an analytical technique, emphasizes structural rearrangement, makes use of elementary thermodynamics, and gives the student some experience in the original literature.Taber, Richard L.; Grantham, Gary D.; Champion, William C. J. Chem. Educ.1969, 46, 849.

SI UnitsSocrates, G.This article discusses the history of the International System of Units and presents tables of basic and derived SI units, prefixes, conversions, and physical constants in SI units.Socrates, G. J. Chem. Educ.1969, 46, 710.

Description of Fahrenheit's thermometerEncyclopaedia Britannica, 1798A short description of Fahrenheit's thermometer and his development of a temperature scale.Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1798 J. Chem. Educ.1969, 46, 192.

Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachersYoung, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Bolte, John(1) Is the mole a number or a weight? (2) Is there an easy way to locate a compound by volume and page in Beilstein? (3) What are the stages evident in a gas discharge tube as the pressure of the gas and the voltage are changed? - answer by BolteYoung, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Bolte, John J. Chem. Educ.1968, 45, 718.

Substitution products in the Hofmann eliminationBaumgarten, Ronald J.Textbooks often state or imply that alkenes are the only products formed when tetra- alkylammonium hydroxides are heated.Baumgarten, Ronald J. J. Chem. Educ.1968, 45, 122.

Chemical queries. Especially for high school teachersYoung, J. A.; Malik, J. G.(1) Which is correct, Celsius or centigrade? (2) How is the paddle wheel effect in the Crookes tube explained? (3) How does pH influence the chemistry of the Cu-Cu+2 cell? (4) How does concentration influence the formation of a precipitate between tin(II) chloride and mercury(II) chloride? (5) Is it Avogadro's Law, Theory, or Hypothesis?Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G. J. Chem. Educ.1968, 45, 38.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Electrochemistry |

Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |

Precipitation / Solubility |

Stoichiometry

Letter to the editorBrescia, FrankCalls on instructors not to confuse students with inappropriate definitions of work.Brescia, Frank J. Chem. Educ.1967, 44, 771.

Molecules versus molesGuggenheim, E. A.Now that the mass of molecules is known with great accuracy, there is nothing to be gained in continuing to use moles.Guggenheim, E. A. J. Chem. Educ.1966, 43, 250.

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Permanganate hydroxylation of alkenesSnyder, Carl H.Alkaline permanganate is usually a distinctly superior reagent for the conversion of alkenes to cis-glycols; neutral permanganate usually produces oxidation to ketols or cleavage to aldehydes.Snyder, Carl H. J. Chem. Educ.1966, 43, 141.

Alkenes |

Alcohols |

Aldehydes / Ketones

Editorially speakingKieffer, William F.It is not poor teaching to admit that mystery remains and that much of our chemical language is an oversimplification.Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ.1966, 43, 111.

Chemical vocabulary and principles. Survey of high school texts and popular literatureMorgan, Ashley C., Jr.; Koelsche, Charles L.This study was conducted to answer two questions: Are the principles presented in the new high school chemistry textbooks different from those of 30 years ago? How do the principles and vocabularies of the new curricular materials compare with those found in popular literature?Morgan, Ashley C., Jr.; Koelsche, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ.1965, 42, 379.

Conventions defining thermodynamic properties of aqueous ions and other chemical speciesNoyes, Richard M.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the conventions presently used to tabulate thermodynamic properties of chemical species, to show the reaction types for which these tabulations are and are not applicable, and to suggest alternative conventions that could extend the applicability of the conventions.Noyes, Richard M. J. Chem. Educ.1963, 40, 2.

LettersGoldberg, David E.The author suggests using the term "continuous chain" rather than "straight" chain so as to reduce confusion regarding the geometry of carbon chains.Goldberg, David E. J. Chem. Educ.1962, 39, 319.

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Ultramacro and ultramicro science termsde Ment, JackProposes a convenient and consistent set of metric prefixes for very large and very small multiples and sub-multiples.de Ment, Jack J. Chem. Educ.1962, 39, 587.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Editorially SpeakingKieffer, William F.Discussion of the conventions, definitions, and symbols of thermodynamics.Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ.1962, 39, 489.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Thermodynamics

The carbon-12 scale of atomic massesLabbauf, AbbasExamines the concept of atomic weight and the rise and coexistence of the oxygen and carbon scales of atomic mass.Labbauf, Abbas J. Chem. Educ.1962, 39, 282.

The mole in quantitative chemistryCopley, George NovelloThe purpose of this paper is to show how the mole concept can be applied more consistently and efficiently to all aspects of quantitative chemistry.Copley, George Novello J. Chem. Educ.1961, 38, 551.

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Quantitative Analysis

A redefinition of "mole"Lee, ShiuProposes improvements to a set of terms related to gram formula weights.Lee, Shiu J. Chem. Educ.1961, 38, 549.

Is there an alternative to pH?Crane, Francis E., Jr.Provides some alternatives to the traditional definition of pH that introductory students may find more intuitive and less confusing.Crane, Francis E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.1961, 38, 365.

A molality-molarity paradox?Toby, SidneyThe author points out that there seems no obvious reason why molality could not equal molarity in a solution whose density is less than unity.Toby, Sidney J. Chem. Educ.1959, 36, 230.

Notations in physics and chemistryGuggenheim, E. A.A review and evaluation of five different forms of notation that have been used in chemistry and physics.Guggenheim, E. A. J. Chem. Educ.1958, 35, 606.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Grades of chemicalsRamsey, James C., Jr.Most students are generally unfamiliar with the various grade labels of chemicals and the significance of various grade classifications, such as reagent grade, chemically pure, and technical grade.Ramsey, James C., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.1958, 35, 558.

Nomenclature of phase transitionMcDonald, James E.Discusses the curious situation in which the terminology of chemistry and physics has only five words to describe the six possible transitions between three states of matter.McDonald, James E. J. Chem. Educ.1958, 35, 205.

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

LettersPokras, LewisThe author proposes the term "senacule" as analagous to molecule and to be used to refer to ionic species.Pokras, Lewis J. Chem. Educ.1958, 35, 159.

Electronic configurations and atomic term symbolsGregory, N. W.It is valuable for senior or first-year graduate student to correlate assigned electronic configurations with spectroscopic evidence in the form of term symbols for ground states of various atoms or monatomic ions.Gregory, N. W. J. Chem. Educ.1956, 33, 144.

Letters to the editorWeiner, SamuelDiscusses some of the semantic confusions that plague teaching in chemistry.Weiner, Samuel J. Chem. Educ.1955, 32, 646.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

Nomenclature for conductanceFuoss, Raymond M.The author offers several new terms to be used in association with work on conductance and demonstrates their usefulness.Fuoss, Raymond M. J. Chem. Educ.1955, 32, 527.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Conductivity

A mnemonic for dicarboxylic acidsCox, Gerald J.This short note provides a mnemonic for the names of the dicarboxylic acids.Cox, Gerald J. J. Chem. Educ.1955, 32, 363.

Gram equivalent weightsMeldrum, William B.The purpose of this paper is to review briefly the subject of equivalent weights and the more directly applicable gram equivalents and to offer a general method by which they may be deduced from chemical equations.Meldrum, William B. J. Chem. Educ.1955, 32, 48.

The Geneva Congress on Organic Nomenclature, 1892Evieux, E. A.Describes the work of the Geneva Congress on Organic Nomenclature, which constituted the basis of a new system of nomenclature that has since been designated the Geneva system.Evieux, E. A. J. Chem. Educ.1954, 31, 326.

On accenting observations in chemistryCampbell, J. A.A chemical equations is, for many a student, such a complete abstraction that he would be hard put to describe the actual observations that would be made in a process for which he was supplied the complete equation.Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ.1951, 28, 634.

Reactions |

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols

The preparation of "2-bromo-naphthalene"Wolfe, Winthrop C.; Doukas, Harry M.Presents a procedure for the preparation of "2-bromo-naphthalene" in large or small amounts.Wolfe, Winthrop C.; Doukas, Harry M. J. Chem. Educ.1951, 28, 472.

Synthesis |

Alkenes

Experiments with cyclopentadieneWagner, E. C.; Hunt, William C.The experiments outlined here serve to illustrate the processes of polymerization and depolymerization, the Diels-Alder reaction, and the presence of a reactive methylene group in cyclopentadiene.Wagner, E. C.; Hunt, William C. J. Chem. Educ.1951, 28, 309.