John, thank you for coming back to this topic. I realize I never finished my "timeline", having gotten side-tracked (yet again! ), but I think I made my point sufficiently clear. You are right, though, there's too much speculation and not enough "hard" info. At present, both our points of view may stand as valid possibilities. It will be difficult to find evidence to ascertain one way or the other. However, that's what scholarly history is all about.

Permit me one question, though: what's your evidence that the Burman Peugeot was fitted with a single-cam Miller engine (in late 1916 or early '17)? I don't think I have ever seen this possibility mentioned in any sources, whether contemporary or secondary, and the only actual reference to the engine in contemporary sources that I could find stated that it had a DOHC engine at the 1919 Elgin races!

OFF THE CUFF (IMMEDIATE) RESPONSE: There were two EX3 type 1913 Grand Prix Peugeots in the U.S. after May 1914. Peugeot sent the two cars (i.e. Goux's and Boillot's) over for the 1914 Indianapolis 500, and sold them both after the race. One went to Kauffman and the other was purchased by Erbes. After Burman's wreck at Corona in April 1916, the Erbes EX3 car (or chassis) was rebuilt in late 1916 at Miller's shop and a new Miller 289 motor was installed in it. This vehicle then ran as the Erbes Special during the 1917 AAA season. Then it seemingly disappears. Erbes probably got out racing and retired from the sport.

Now your 1919 Elgin posting lists two Peugeot cars. The Art Kline car is a 1914 EX5 type Grand Prix model while Paul D. Harvey's is an EX3 1913 Grand Prix model. The Klein car doesn't apply, so you must be referring to Harvey's EX3 1913 Peugeot. My conclusion is that Harvey's Peugeot is the ex-Kauffman EX3 owned machine. It's engine is thus correctly listed as having a dual cam motor, because this Peugeot was still intact, and thus still contained its original EX3 dual cam Peugeot engine.

In September 1916 the MOTOR WEST journal has a photograph of Earl Burman, the son of Bob, working on a single cam 289 Miller motor. It seems that after Bob's death, his son wanted to work on, and continue his father's abandoned project. The whole Erbes/Burman/Miller connection and the idea that the Erbes Special of 1917 was a Miller/Peugeot hybrid are discoveries (or mistakes) of mine. I don't think there is any clear statements about the situation however. It's been so long since I worked on this 1914-1920 Miller stuff that I don't quite remember what source material I used or what I looked at. But I think a cogent and logical case can be made out for my statements.

Both Dees and Borgeson, I believe, got things wrong here. Partly this was due to Fred Offenhauser (1888-1973) himself, who remembered the situations wrongly. Fred rightly remembered however the installation of a single cam Miller 289 in the Burman-Erbes 1913 EX3 Peugeot chassis, but got the time and context mixed up. Fred thought it occurred after the Peugeot motor had exploded and needed a repair, (i.e. late 1914 or early 1915), but in reality it occurred when Burman's wrecked EX3 chassis was rebuilt in late 1916 and/or early 1917. Dee's has a photo of Offenhauser sitting in the newly refurbished 1917 Miller/Peugeot hybrid, but Dees had the dating incorrect of early 1915. For this reason (i.e. Offenhauser's false testimony) Borgeson always maintained (incorrectly) that the original "blown" EX3 dual cam Peugeot motor was replaced by a newly designed Miller 289 single cam motor. See pages 109-110 of the first edition (1966) of the GOLDEN AGE. Griffith even states that the new single cam Miller motor delivered 10 additional horsepower. I deem this all total nonsense.

I don't have immediate access presently to my source material or to the Dees or Borgeson books. That will have to wait until September, when I may look the situation over again. Borgeson never mentions Louis C. Erbes at all, while I can't remember whether Dees does or not. I actually talked to Mark Dees on a couple occasions, when he was at the Speedway, and before his Miller book was published. At the time I talked to Dees I had never heard of Erbes either. I was then trying to clear up the 1920-1922 Miller/Durant/Milton situation. I found out about Erbes from going through the old newspapers.

Well everyone is working with very skimpy information sources, which may in many cases be misleading and/or incorrect. Everyone has different ideas and interpretations greatly differ. I was particularly interested, for example, as to how you linked up the ex-Erbes 1913 Peugeot with Paul Harvey's car used at Elgin in 1919.

I still maintain (against Borgeson) that Harry Miller (c. early 1915) built a two cam replica of Burman's blown EX3 Peugeot motor. And between that project and Miller's motor for the new 183 cubic inch formula built for Cliff Durant during late 1919-early 1920; Miller only had ONE ENGINE DESIGN manufactured and in use for racing cars proper. That was the Miller 4 cylinder 289 motor which had a single cam (against Ferner). This would make for much simplicity in the entire problem and actual historical situation, which might be a virtue in itself. The simplist explanation is often the correct explanation, i.e. Ockham's razor again. Thus I maintain that anything that varies from my reconstruction, is probably confused and incorrect data. Perhaps its a case of the Gordian knot. But I do see your research, reasoning, contemporary evidence, and your conclusions from it. It is all perfectly logical.

We know that such a single cam motor 289 design powered the Cadwell and Oldfield Millers of 1917. Other examples were used in Oldfield's 1914 Delage, the Ogren, and the Pan-American (later called the Bender). I also think such a unit powered the 1917 Erbes Special. Nor do I think it likely that Miller was trying to develop two different (i.e. both a one cam and a two cam) motors for the 301 AAA cubic inch formula at the same time. Harry had his hands full, just as it was. And at the same time period Miller also was trying to build high performance aviation motors! I also opine that probably the "The motor that Bob Burman never saw finished" was the 289 single cam engine which was not operational in April 1916 and wouldn't be until early 1917. The earlist actual use of it in actual competition seems to be Oldfield's Delage and Burt's Erbes Special at Uniontown on May 10, 1917. Oldfield's Golden Submarine first appeared at Chicago on June 16, 1917 and Cadwell's Miller at Minneapolis for July 14, 1917. The only major win for the Miller single cam 289 motor was Frank Elliott using Oldfield's "Miller/Delage" at the Uniontown 112.5 run September 3, 1917. Tom Alley won a 20 mile sprint with it at Chicago on September 13, 1917 and Roscoe Sarles was victorious at Uniontown (in a 22.5 mile sprint) on July 19, 1919 using Oldfield's former 1917 "Golden Submarine".

But there are certainly more good questions about Miller during 1914-1920, than accurate and concrete answers for them. A lot of the current findings and conclusions, including mine, are really just guesswork. What is needed are photographs, blueprints, and contemporay unequivocal testimony from people who were in the know. Presently we are far from all that.

P.S. As to Earl Burman's exact relation to Bob, I most likely am mistaken here, due to a faulty memory. In any case I didn't ever find any more connections that Earl had with Harry Miller after September 1916.

I have found more evidence of a link-up between Paul Harvey and the Burman/Erbes team. In 1916 and '17, Harvey was driving a Ford Special that looked like "the baby brother of Dario Resta's Peugeot", according to several sources. The car was on show at the "National Exhibition for Ford Accessories" in Chicago in 1917, and the "Patriot" in Harrisburg (PA) reported:

In rebuilding his car, Harvey was asisted (sic) by Bob Burman and the latter's mechanician, Jack Gable, now a member of the Hudson racing team.

It seems that after Burman's death a tentative plan was arranged to rebuild the wrecked 1913 Peugeot and finish up the two new Miller 289 cubic inch racers, all of which were now at Harry Miller's shop. This new three car team or firm, named the "Burman estate", would be managed by Burman's relations. So reported the PIQUA LEADER DISPATCH on page 7, for July 19, 1916. All of the three cars would then run on the AAA circuit as a tribute to the deceased Bob Burman. The plan was to first compete at the new Cincinnati board speedway, in August 1916, but the scheme proved abortive. So after that, I surmize, Harry Miller was still stuck with the two unfinished 300 cubic inch formula cars, originally to have been paid for by Louis Erbes.

The three car tribute to Burman scheme, may have at first have originated from Louis Erbes himself and Bob's widow! Compare with my July 8, 2008, posting No. 127, and July 14, 2008 posting No. 133 above. This would account for the long time lapse during the 1916 season. The title of the Piqua newspaper article is "WILD" BOB BURMAN'S CONTRACTS WILL ALL BE CARRIED OUT BY RELATIVES AND HIS CAR IS ENTERED IN CINCINNATI RACES. It seems then that the Burman family in late July 1916 were about to take over all the old Erbes' contactual agreements made with constructor Harry Miller. A LOS ANGELES TIMES notice of June 4, 1916 states that the proceeds from the three car team would go to the two little daughters of Burman, for their support and education.

Another source of information on the three car tribute team to Burman is the LOS ANGELES TIMES, June 1, 1916, p. III, 1. It may be too, that Harry Miller claimed his single cam 289 cubic inch motor was of the "Peugeot type", to enhance the sale of his new motor. Both engines, the Peugeot and the Miller single cam 289, featured four overhead valves per cylinder.

Burman's 1913 EX3 Peugeot seems to have been rebuild and repaired soon after its being wrecked on April 6, 1916 at Corona, as Jack Gable ran it at Chicago on June 11, 1916 as a Peugeot. Probably it was then still powered by the 1915 Miller built replica of the EX3 Peugeot double cam motor. This same car first ran under the name "Erbes Special" at Cincinnati on September 4, 1916. Jack Gable used the car exclusively in 1916 after Burman's death, while Andy Burt replaced Gable as its pilot during the 1917 AAA season.

The LAT (June 1, 1916) contains the following information:

"The Bob Burman estate is to race three cars to be known as the Bob Burman specials."...

"HOME PRODUCTS. The Burman specials are Los Angeles products. All three cars have been built in the shops of the Harry A. Miller Manufacturing Company."

"For several weeks a corps of mechanics has been kept busy night and day at the Miller plant. Mrs. Burman has been in the city and taken a personal interest in the finishing of the three cars that are to be driven in the great speed contests of the season as a monument to the name of the late speed king, Bob Burman."...

"One of the cars is the Peugeot which was wrecked at Corona, killing the driver, Bob Burman and his mechancian Eric Shrader."...

"The motors of the other two cars are copied to a certain extent after the original Peugeot motor and were built by Harry A. Miller of this city."

This plan was not to be fullfilled. So what eventually happened to the "other two cars"? My guess and idea here was that they became A. A. Cadwell and Oldfield Millers of 1917.

Griffith Borgeson always maintained that the Burman-Erbes 1913 Peugeot had had its original double cam Peugeot motor replaced by the new Miller single cam 289 engine, during early 1915. Compare with post 40 above. I think this idea is in complete error. My idea or hypothsis is that Louis Erbes, after his fallout with the Wisconsin Motor Manufacturing Company in early 1915 over the racing motors delivered to Harry Stutz, then commissioned Harry Miller to construct two 301 cubic inch formula racing cars for Burman in mid- or late-1915. At first Erbes tried to arrange a deal with the Duesenbergs for new motors. When that fell through he then went to Miller. The single cam 289 Miller motor for them was thus of later origin than early 1915 (i.e. Borgeson's idea), and was not actually ready for actual use until late-1916 or early 1917. Compare with the August 28, 2009, Post No. 238 above.

Eventually Burman's machine had its Miller built twin-cam replica replaced with the single cam 289 I believe, but if that did actually happen, it had to be in either late 1916 or early 1917. It is still a real possibility that the replica 1913 Peugeot two cam Miller copy motor was never replaced at all, which would make both Borgeson and myself, in total error on this specific question. That is to say, that perhaps when Paul Harvey used the ex-Burman/Erbes Peugeot in 1919 at Elgin, it still contained the Miller double cam Peugeot replica motor made in early 1915.

The new Los Angeles Speedway also staged three 50 mile sprint races, under the 301 cubic inch class limit, on March 28, 1920. This was an invitational program with two heat races and a final. Here the Beverly Hills track invited 14 contestants to take part. The 14 car/driver combinations were divided into two groupings and these two separate entities would compete in their own heat race or qualifying preliminary; i.e. with the top four finishers in each heat going into the 50 mile final.

These three 50 milers gave no AAA Championship points as Edenburn (DETROIT NEWS, March 7, 1920, Autos, page 5) points out (quote), "It will have no bearing on the A.A.A. season's championship." This three contest sprint meet was scheduled for March 21, 1920 but was rained out and was staged on March 28, 1920. The fact that it was an "invitational" and thus not open to all possible qualified competitors was probably one reason at least, why it had a non-Championship status.

Heat I was won by Art Klein driving a EX5 Peugeot, with a 110.769 mph average. Seven years after its construction the Grand Prix 1914 Peugeot was still capable of a win! This same EX5 design had won at Indianapolis in 1916 and 1919; at both the 1916 Vanderbilt Cup and American Grand Prize events; and placed 1st and 2nd in the 1916 AAA National Championship Title with Dario Resta and Johnny Aitken as its chauffeurs. In Heat I Milton (Duesenberg) placed 2nd, Boyer (Frontenac) 3rd. Jimmy Murphy won Heat II in a Duesenberg 8, at 110.399 mph; with Pullen 2nd (Richard's Hudson); and DePalma 3rd (Ballot). Tommy Milton won the final with his Duesenberg 8 by posting a 50 mile average of 111.649 mph; followed by Klein (Peugeot) 2nd and Pullen (Richard's Hudson) 3rd.

A small side note: While watching one of these races automobile manufacturer & 1911 Indy 500 co-entrant Elmer Appersondied of a heart attack at the age of 58.

John, I hope you're still following this thread, as I have made a few discoveries about the fate of the "Burman estate" cars in 1916!

The first trail turned out to be a cold one, nevertheless I shall mention it to set the stage once again - the Indianapolis News of July 15 in 1916 reported on page 12:

Bob Burman's three racing cars will be campaigned on the speedway circuit by the Burman estate as a monument to the famous driver. Teddy Tezlaff will drive one of them, Tony Jennette [sic] another, and the third driver is to be named. The cars are of Los Angeles manufacture, having been built by Harry A. Miller, a great friend of Burman. One of the trio is the car rebuilt and originally known as the Peugeot, in the wreck of which Burman and his mechanic, Eric Schroeder, lost their lives at Corona. The motors of the two other cars built by Miller are duplicates of the Peugeot motor.

Tetzlaff had publicly announced his retirement from the sport in September of 1915, only to turn about and partake in the California racing season that winter, driving an assortement of different cars, amongst them the interesting Milac, a 200 CID car of Californian manufacture (Milac stood for Manufactured in Los Angeles, California). Plans for a Milac campaign "in the East", with a three-car team, were hinted at, but the project fell through, and nothing was heard of the Milac again after an unsuccessful run at the first Pikes Peak hill climb in August. Nor did Tetzlaff and Janette continue their respective careers after that announcement made in July, which makes one wonder what it was all about - especially in the light of the fact that the ex-Burman Peugeot was unquestionably already racing in the East for about a month, and just taking part in the Omaha Speedway races the very same day that article appeared in the Indianapolis newspaper! Quite possibly, the idea of Tetzlaff and Janette getting back into the Speedway racing circuit was a bit of West Coast wishful thinking, perhaps an attempt to remind the Midwestern owners of the cars of the fact that, after all, this still was a West Coast project. Until Harry Miller effectively reset the parameters in the twenties, California car people always suffered from an inbred inferiority complex!

Next, the same newspaper reported on August 30, 1916, on page 12, about the upcoming Indianapolis Motor Speedway "Harvest Classic":

The latest entries were received from L. C. Erbes, of Waterloo, Ia. He nominated two cars, the Burman Special and the L. C. Erbes Special. These two cars were built in the Erbes factory in Waterloo. The Burman car is the racer in which the late Bob Burman lost his life in the Corona races. It was rebuilt by Mr. Erbes. Both cars are four-cylinder, with a piston displacement of 298 cubic inches. Art Kline, who formerly drove the Kline-Art car, will be at the wheel of the Erbes Special, while Jack Gable, of Williamsport, Pa., will be at the wheel of the Burman Special.

Here, we can see first hand how the Midwesterners claimed the West Coast cars as their own - remember how the Ogren Special was always billed as a Chicago car? Quite typical PR BS of the time... Anyway, the interesting part is the last sentence: Art Klein??? Yes, he did eventually drive a Duesenberg in the Harvest Classic (actually Charley Devlin's privately owned 16-valve), but he was originally entered in his Kleinart Special - hold on, what do we know about that?

Klein first appeared at Indy in 1914 with his "King Special", a homebuilt racer with cantilever rear springs and a 450 CID Wisconsin engine, apparently based on a stock King chassis (King was a small-time manufacturer from Detroit, hoping to generate sales for its new V8 model). The car was quite competitive, and later that year Klein campaigned it on a number of Ernie Moross promotions, and during the winter racing season on the West Coast. At some point, he rebuilt it with a Duesenberg engine, and ran it as the "Kleinart Special" in the 1915 Five-hundred, with a marked improvement in performance.

Coincident with the 1915 IMS event, the IMCA "outlaw" tour was inaugurated, attracting at once the most active dirt track "teams" of the AAA, namely Alex Sloan's ex-Case effort, and the Moross operation based around the latest Maxwell racers. In a way, Klein was the ideal target for the IMCA, a veteran dirt track racer with no factory attachments, and already some experience of "team racing" - within a fortnight, he'd switched camps and competed on the IMCA circuit for the rest of the year, first with the Kleinart, then with a 450 CID Maxwell and the Blitzen Benz. What happened with the Kleinart? Well, it was apparently swallowed up by the Moross equipe, and presumably transfered to the Sloan team once Moross retired from the business a year or two later - there's evidence that it was driven by the likes of Lon Lonsbury, Ray Repp and Ted Hill well into the twenties!

Art Klein, on the other hand, applied for reinstatement with the AAA, and was allowed back into the sanctioned fold exactly one year after bolting the club, i.e. after the 1916 IMS event, but in time for the 300-miler at Chicago, an event that posed a real threat to the status of Indianapolis in the racing world at the time. Interestingly, he entered two cars... The Chicago Tribune reported on June 3, page 11:

Little is known about the Klein Specials except that they are new jobs. In his entry blank Klein failed to name his teammate.

Tom Orr was reportedly ready to drive, yet it was the relatively unknown Red Wood(s) who got the assignment, but for one reason or the other never qualified. On race day, the car was still allowed to start from the back of the field, but now it was Tom Alley at the wheel (remember him?), who had left the Ogren team just days before the event! In any case, Alley trundled around for merely five laps, before he was flagged off course because of excessive smoke emanating from the engine, and Klein retired around half distance with unspecified mechanical ailments - not an auspicious debut!

Klein competed all through the summer with a Klein or Kleinart Special, and interestingly, always in competition with the Ogren and Erbes-Burman teams, but apparently never again with the second car - was the engine wrecked beyond hope at Chicago? Or was the car just not competitive enough to attract another driver, inducing Klein to persevere with just one entry in order to make some progress... Truth to be told, he didn't make much of an impact, and soon began accepting drives from other teams, lending out the Kleinart to newcomers like Ora Haibe, who drove the car at Cincinnati on Labor Day, just five days before the Harvest Classic, leading to the amusing story of Klein finishing the race 5th in a Crawford=Duesenberg, then relieving Haibe for the last ten laps or so to finish 7th as well!

That was actually the last race of the Kleinart, which was entered at Indy and Sheepshead Bay later that month, but did not appear at either event. Which brings us neatly to this entry list, published in the Indianapolis News of September 6, 1916, page 10:

There is the Kleinart, right next to the Burman Special, and "both cars are four-cylinder, with a piston displacement of 298 cubic inches..." Remember that sentence? Identical bore and stroke for both cars, almost identical to the dimensions of the Harvey Peugeot at Elgin in 1919 (the small difference of 1/8 inch in the stroke is presumably a result of metric conversion; 3 5/8 * 7 1/4 is actually 299 CID, while 3 5/8* 7 1/8 is 294 CID, and the original dimensions of the L56 Peugeot are 3.937 * 7.087 for 345 CID) - in other words: the Kleinart has a Miller engine!!!

So, the two "surplus" cars of the Burman estate became the 1916 Klein or Kleinart Specials? Perhaps a bit early to say that, but the evidence is quite compelling! What is needed now is a picture of the(se) car(s), and so far I haven't had much luck: though the Chicago Tribune of June 12, 1916, page 13 shows the complete field of the 300-miler of the day before leaving the grid, it is of such a low reproduction quality that you can't even tell if the cars exhaust to the left or the right, or if they are LHD or RHD, for that matter And what happened next? Did the cars return to California, to become the Oldfield and Cadwell cars of 1917? Or were they perhaps "used up" on Midwestern dirt tracks?? Or, perish the thought, did they end up on a scrap heap, because of their disappointing performance??? Who has the answers?

Another interesting titbit of early Miller history - the Tucson/AZ Daily Citizen had this to say on Sep 30, 1916:

Durant, Oldfield's relief driver, is in Santa Monica races

R. C. Durant, the son of W. C. Durant, president of the Chevrolet Motor Company, has been nominated as Barney Oldfield's relief driver in the Vanderbilt and Grand Prix [sic] races, to be held on the famous Santa Monica course in November.

Young Durant, who is vice president of the Chevrolet Motor Company of California, was having a motor built for the Santa Monica classics by a Los Angeles manufacturer, but on account of the scarcity of materials it was impossible for him to complete the motor and chassis in time for the Vanderbilt and Grand Prix [sic]. He therefore cancelled the contracts with the manufacturer, giving him time to complete one motor, which Oldfield is to place in the French Delage chassis.

The manufacturer is, of course, Harry Miller; compare the earlier posts about Oldfield's Santa Monica entries in 1916, and the troubles of getting the crankcase cast in time by Miller and his shop. Here, now, we have a definite account of a linkup between Durant and Miller more than three years before the "Baby Chevrolet" project, and a possible link of Durant to the Golden Submarine and/or Cadwell Miller!

So, the two "surplus" cars of the Burman estate became the 1916 Klein or Kleinart Specials? Perhaps a bit early to say that...

Yes, a bit early! I found a table with technical data of the contestants in the June 1916 Chicago race (Motor Age, June 15, 1916), and am suitably disappointed to find that the data appears to indicate that both "Kline Specials" had 8-valve Duesenberg engines. Sure, the cars had Miller carburettors, but so did practically everybody else. Hm. Not sure what that means, it could be that one of the two (or both?) sources are mistaken, or maybe they changed the engines in between (three months is a long time), but at the moment I'm stumped. To be continued...