水资源现状及污水再生利用(英汉互译）

时间：2018-01-20 23:25:02
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Present situation of water resources in Hebei province and sewage recycling

Foreword

Water is the survival and
development of mankind's most valuable natural resources, with the urban
population explosion and economic development, expanding the size of the
cities, urban water and wastewater constantly increased, urban water supply and
demand become more prominent, Water has become the largest urban development
constraints. According to statistics, China's urban industrial consumption
total water consumption of 80% and the use of recycled water for industrial use
is very low, and water pollution have become increasingly serious, Many major
cities will face a serious water shortage threats. Hebei's water environment the same way,
Water shortage and water pollution seriously impeding the province's industrial
and agricultural economic development.

1Present
situation of water resources in Hebei

Hebei water resources has "resources" dry and
"Water" features the dual water and sewage lower level of resources

1.1The overall
situation of water resources

Hebei is the most dry one of the provinces, and
the per capita water resources in China is only 311 m3, in the country's 31 provinces,
municipalities, and autonomous regions, ranked No. 28. The shortage of urban
water resources even more pronounced, especially in summer is the peak period
of water, Many cities are often the shortage of water. According to relevant
statistics, Zhejiang days of urban water reached 150 ~ 1.7 million m3. All cities have different
degrees of water shortages. ShijiazhuangCity, the average annual
water resources of 2.24 billion m3, in recent years, the city average annual
actual consumption has reached 35 ~ 4 billion m3. The main deficiency on the
part of overexploitation of groundwater filled. Meanwhile, due to the reuse
water level low, Water-saving thinking, serious waste, exacerbated by the
shortage of resources and overpopulation of contradictions.

1.2Hebei groundwater status

According to the investigation,
the province groundwater exploitation of resources available for volume 11.986
billion m3. natural groundwater recharge capacity of 17.026 billion m3. which
Baoding, Shijiazhuang cities groundwater natural resources relatively more,
Hengshui and Langfang, Qinhuangdao City at least three, and the depression cone
continue to develop, According to the investigation, in addition to the new
Xingtai giant funnel Tangshan Ninghe - Tanghai funnel and Langfang funnel area
decreased slightly, Cangzhou funnel area in 2005 than in 2004 expanded the 2089 km2; Xingtai Ningbailong funnel area
expanded 659 km2;
Other funnel relatively stable or slightly expanded. In another development,
Most of the funnel water depth of the center continue to increase. Among them,
the per mu yield of Baoding vents, Xingtai Ningbailong funnel center range as
high as the water level fell 5.50 m,
Hengshui funnel Xingtai new giant funnel water level fell centers 4.42 m and 3.39m. Cangzhou center funnel water level rise 0.13 m, the water level in Langfang funnel
center picked up 2.18m.

1.3Deterioration
of the ecological environment

Urban development process
inevitably arise atmospheric and water pollution, garbage piles, reduce green
space, decrease in the quality of the ecological environment, and other
environmental issues. to water pollution as an example, Hebei Province in Haihe
River valley more than one-70% ~ 80% of the river pollution, Of these, 50% of
the river pollution is severe, Chengde, Qinhuangdao and have some water, the
province most of the rivers in the state are : lack of natural runoff, lost
diluted basic self-purification capacity has been almost "River were
dried, water pollution are "state. these environmental problems led to a
number of factors : agricultural and industrial production process backward,
waste disposal and utilization of a lower standard of management and technical
equipment delay, coupled with a large population, the pressure on the
environment, more emphasis on the pollution of the environment

1.4Sewage
treatment and reuse of the status quo

As the province increased the
urban water environment governance, and In recent years the city's drainage
facilities have also invested with faster growth, Drainage for the investment
in 1991 from the 54.63 million yuan to nearly 2 billion yuan, urban sewage
processing capacity from 1991 to the 355,000 m3 growth to 500 million m3, The sewage
treatment rate has been greatly improved. Currently Hebei urban sewage treatment is around 500
million t / d, urban sewage treatment has basically reached the scale of urban
sewage of 70%. for the urban wastewater
reclamation and reuse to create good conditions. With the cause of urban
drainage management system to keep on improving. facilities operating rate has
increased, but the effluent reuse rate is not high, agricultural irrigation
water and municipal water.

Through the above analysis
shows, environmental pollution, water shortages and other problems have posed a
serious threat to the city's development, in this situation, Sustainable
development must explore measures to properly handle the short-term interests
and long-term interests, and between economic development and environmental
protection, use of resources, so as to promote the city's sustainable
development, sewage Resources.

2Constraints on wastewater reuse factor

Urban sewage resources
technically feasible and economically reasonable. Sewage treatment and
purification depth for irrigation, industrial water, Municipal water technical
issues have been resolved, the corresponding standards and water quality
standards are established, on the economy than a long-distance water diversion
small investment, operating costs low. Reuse of wastewater but can spur
economic sewage treatment industry. greater environmental and social benefits.
implement the strategy of sustainable development important measures. But
wastewater reuse has not yet widely used, mainly in the following aspects :

2.1Lack of necessary mandatory system

Some large state-owned
enterprises living and high consumption of production, using underground
water-owned water wells, City water fees charged lower prices, the use of
treated water to the regeneration of no economic value, even reuse of sewage
treatment costs are likely to exceed House-Well Drinking water surcharge.
Therefore, reuse of sewage to be used by supporting mandatory regulations to
ensure, and the need for the use of sewage water treatment enterprises, policy
support

2.2The impact of sewage irrigation

HebeiProvince for agricultural irrigation sewage from the
main towns of industrial and domestic sewage. Sewage containing nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, the use of sewage irrigation,
agricultural fertilizer provide resources to increase soil nitrogen and organic
matter. However, As for agriculture Most of the sewage pipe untreated sewage
containing sulfide, chloride, phenol, lead, chromium and other harmful
substances, long-term irrigation of farmland would soil, groundwater and crops
cause harm.

2.3Reuse system is not included in the overall
urban planning

Urban sewage treatment as
industrial cooling and irrigation lakes and landscape, greening, flushing, wash
water and other technically no longer, but due to the use of sewage users
scattered, and not consumption, unboiled water after handling the pipeline
system are urgently needed to solve the problem. therefore must be prepared as
soon as reclaimed water reuse professional planning, identify renewable water
pipeline distribution system to guide the regeneration of renewable water
treatment plants and pipeline construction and management.

2.4Renewable water price is not clear

Because the prices is not
clear, renewable sewage water producers can not guarantee economic benefits,
renewable water users can not meet the requirements of water, forming a pair of
contradictions. Therefore, determine a reasonable price wastewater reuse is to
promote the reuse of sewage an important prerequisite for

2.5Renewable water and
environmental quality of reclaimed water reuse of the key technical issues

As the city with a large
quantity of sewage, organic ingredients and more complex features, Reclaimed
Water Reuse is a more complicated issue, in particular, should be under a
different purpose reuse, Research economically viable process, finding the best
economic and technological programs to guarantee quality and meet environmental
requirements.

3City Wastewater Reuse
countermeasures and Prospects

3.1Sewage treatment plants must be
reasonable planning

A combination of different
urban layout, development planning, geographical hydrology, and other specific
circumstances, urban sewage treatment plant for the construction of a rational
plan to concentrate not only to guarantee the building of the efficient use of
funds, reduce energy consumption, but also conducive to the coordinated
regional water management. Meanwhile, only the construction of a major sewage
treatment plant, City can guarantee to meet industrial needs to water.

3.2Rapid introduction of wastewater
reclamation and reuse the mandatory policy

Of large industrial
enterprises, water quality and large complex units mandatory construction of
small-scale sewage treatment plant for the production and recycling, government
according to the actual situation of the plant construction investment for
economic or policy support. For those who can use renewable water not to use,
according to dosage reduction targets, increase water-treatment plans.

3.3Sewerage renewable entrepreneurial production

Funded by the government
building of a sewage treatment plant with heavy financial burden, a long
construction period is not conducive to environmental protection and other
shortcomings, be entrusted to the corresponding financial and technical
strength of the municipal environmental protection enterprises, by the
enterprises with independent owners or co-financing the construction and
operation of enterprises through the charging recovery of the investment.

3.4Strengthen the institutions of the House-Well
Drinking management

Some units use of self-supplied
well water, only to pay water charges not paid much attention to water-saving
and Some even set up bypass pipeline to evade payment of water charges, causing
a tremendous waste of water resources. relevant departments should take
measures to intensify the best use of the House-Well Drinking unit costs.

3.5Improve urban planning, the new projects
related

Leading cadres at all levels
should firmly establish the idea of sustainable development, and implementation
of a sustainable development strategy, unswervingly follow the road of
sustainable development. to improve the scientific decision-making level, the
central bank, full consideration to the protection of the environment and the
development of economic relations, socio-economic development of a virtuous
cycle, must be a good first examination and approval of new projects and
customs, new projects must meet the city's overall planning, the same time,
corporate environmental assessment, eliminate a new source of pollution.

3.6Ensure that there are laws to go by, the laws
must be observed, laws

Governments at all levels
should administer according to law, effectively on environmental quality
responsibility, environmental protection objectives and measures for national
economic and social development plans and annual plans, organized and
implemented seriously. implement the responsibility system and law enforcement
pursue a system for law enforcement agencies to perform their duties. become
loyal guardians of Environmental Protection. Relevant departments should
coordinate with each other, carry out their duties, to strengthen the
environmental protection law enforcement efforts, stop for law enforcement,
such as back door. This point has leading cadres from within. Environmental
protection is an advanced culture important component of is a regional outlook,
the level of civilization, culture, education an important indicator of
quality, It is directly related to the people's vital interests, improve the quality
of the environment, optimizing the ecological environment, of the people and
improve the living standards of the important symbols We must take the
improvement of environmental quality in environmental protection as the
fundamental starting point and destination. We should treasure the environment,
protect the environment, improve the environment and rational development, and
let people form a "water-saving glorious, shameful waste" concept.
With the increase of environmental awareness, Wastewater Reuse popularity and
the government's increased enforcement efforts, Hebei Province, the ecological
environment will be of significant change, "Green Hebei," We will not
leave long

4 Conclusion

By analyzing current situation
of water resources in Hebei province and sewage recycling the main issues, Reuse of wastewater supply and
demand for the future, how to save water, Sewage recycling of countermeasures.
enable the limited water resources to achieve maximum efficiency and facilitate
the sustainable use of water resources. Hebei to the sustainable economic and social development and provide a strong
support.