- Holocene environmental change in the Maritime Antarctic: Interactions between permafrost and the lacustrine environment (HOLOANTAR, PI: Marc Oliva, Univ. Lisbon). The field activities continued in Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island with extensive laboratory work conducted along the year. Cooperation with Spain, UK, Canada, Brazil, Uruguay and the Czech Republic.

- Very high resolution imaging for detailed surface mapping in ice-free areas of Maritime Antarctica – Part 3 (HISURF-3, PI: Pedro Pina, Univ. Lisbon), focused on high resolution UAV surveying for vegetation and geomorphological mapping in the ice-free areas of Barton Peninsula. Cooperation with South Korea.

- Reaction of permafrost and landforms to climate in the Maritime Antarctic and risk for the infrastructure and environment. (CO-PIs: Gonçalo Vieira and Gabriel Goyanes). Surveying of Antarctic infrastructures using UAV and implementation of new permafrost boreholes near infrastructure in Dundee Island, Northern Antarctic Peninsula. Bilateral cooperation Portugal-Argentina.

- Does permafrost exist in the High Atlas mountains? Morocco. (PI: Gonçalo Vieira and Ali Faleh). Installation of a network of air and ground surface temperature loggers in the Middle and High Atlas, up to the Djebel Toubkal (4167 m) in order to assess the potential for permafrost occurrence. Collaboration between Universities of Lisbon and Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah of Fès (Morocco).

- Marc Oliva continued cooperative research with Spanish universities on mountain periglacial environments of the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula, with field research in the Sierra Nevada, Picos de Europa and the Pyrenees.

Portuguese scientists continued participation in the Expert Group on Antarctic Permafrost and Soils (ANTPAS - SCAR/IPA, co-chair G. Vieira), and have joined IASC with national representatives at the Terrestrial (J. Canário) and Cryosphere (G. Vieira) Working Groups.