Members of the corvid family, including ravens, crows, jays, and magpies,
are thought to be among the most intelligent of birds. If adaptability
is any sign of intelligence, then the Common Raven must rank as a superstar:
it thrives from Siberia to North Africa, from arctic Alaska to the mountains
of Central America. Forest, tundra, and desert are all within its realm.
Technically it is classed as one of the songbirds, or perching birds,
but it is larger than many hawks, and it will feed as a predator or scavenger
as the opportunities arise.

In the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico, Common Ravens range from
sea level (along the Gulf of California) to the mountaintops. They can
even be seen flying over desert cities, their croaking calls floating
down from the sky as the big birds flap overhead. Unlike the Chihuahuan
Raven—a smaller and more sociable bird that lives in grasslands along
the eastern edge of our region—Common Ravens seldom travel in flocks,
but members of a pair may stay together at all seasons. Their nesting
sites are sometimes in large trees, where these are available, but most
raven nests in the Sonoran Desert are placed on high cliffs.
—Kenn Kaufman

Feeding

• Behavior: Opportunistic feeders, ravens often take food wherever it
can be found, including public landfills; also frequently search for nests
where they feed on the eggs; sometimes hunt in pairs where one bird flushes
out the prey. Their water-rich diet of carrion, insects, and eggs, along
with their stocky bodies, which help them better regulate their body temperature,
allow this species to cope with the desert’s heat.

Life History

Courtship involves the male soaring, swooping and tumbling in front of
the female. The pair also soar together, then perch and preen one another.
Ravens mate for life.

Nesting takes place from February to May in this region. The nest, which
is usually built hight in a tree or on a precipice, is a platform made
of large sticks, twigs and vine stems with a deep depression in the center;
it is lined with grasses, animal hair and mosses. Usually 4 to 6 greenish
blotched eggs are laid; incubation is by the female. The male feeds the
female during the 3 week incubation period. The young are altricial; they
leave the nest about 5 weeks after hatching.

A Matter of Style

The folklore of more than one group of native Americans includes stories
about coyote and raven interactions. I witnessed such an encounter early
one morning while walking the banks of the Rillito River near Tucson.
Two ravens were in the center of the dry riverbed, actively complaining.
About five feet from them was a coyote, nose to the ground, casually sniffing
about. Evidently located between the two groups was an object—possibly
a bit of food—that all three coveted.

The ravens asserted themselves through noise and occasionally hopping
about, but never getting too close to the canine. The coyote’s approach
to the matter was completely the opposite: he simply did not acknowledge
the birds’ presence. He never looked at them. He made no move in their
direction. One could almost hear him mutter, “I don’t see anything. Do
you see anything? I don’t see anything.”

Eventually the coyote trotted down the riverbed, apparently oblivious
to the ravens’ continued harangue. It seemed as though both coyote and
ravens had forgotten whatever object it was that had sparked the debate,
the coyote possibly believing he was the victor in this confrontation
by his superior demeanor, and the ravens believing they were the winners
by raucous strength of voice.