The American Hospital Association’s Committee on Research issued this 2011 report on caring for vulnerable populations. While the alignment of financial incentives to provide care to vulnerable populations will evolve at the federal, state, and local policy levels, hospitals are well-positioned to address the system, provider, and patient opportunities to provide high-quality care. This report summarizes the literature, highlights best practices, and makes recommendations for the field on important elements that should be included in any organized program to coordinate care for dual eligibles or any other vulnerable populations.