According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, medications have proven themselves to be more effective than psychotherapy alone in treating the symptoms of ADHD. The key word there being "alone." Many children respond best to a combination of therapies. Medications must be given to provide adequate coverage when the child needs to focus and pay attention, such as during school hours. It should then taper down to allow the child to sleep properly.

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Because the symptoms of ADD/ADHD vary, treatment varies. Treatment may include medication, but lifestyle changes such as proper diet and outdoor exercise can help reduce ADD symptoms. Behavioral cognitive therapy can help those with ADD/ADHD improve focus and minimize distractions. Without proper treatment, children and adults with ADD and ADHD can develop drug and alcohol problems, and untreated children with ADD/ADHD have a higher likelihood of not finishing high school. However, with proper treatment, many patients are able to organize their lives, hold jobs and care for themselves.