China is intensifying its crackdown against what it deems religious extremism in the far-west province of Xinjiang, which is home to 10 million Muslims.

The latest measures -- outlined in a sweeping new anti-extremism legislation -- take effect Saturday and come on the heels of a series of steps to increase surveillance in the region that include the surrender of passports and mandatory GPS trackers in cars.

"They're doubling down on security in Xinjiang," said James Leibold, an associate professor at Australia's Le Trobe University, whose research focuses on China's Uyghur minority.

The new legislation, which was published on a regional news portal run by the provincial government, appears to standardize, and expand across the whole province, piecemeal rules and regulations that have been enacted in individual towns and cities.

Specifically, it prohibits:

Advocating or propagating extremist thoughtsWearing or forcing others to wear full-face coveringsHyping up religious fanaticism through growing beards or choosing names in an abnormal wayNot allowing children to receive state education, interfering with state education;Deliberately interfering or harming the implementation of family planning policies;Publishing, downloading or reading articles, publications and audio-video material containing extremist content;Rejecting or refusing state products and services that include radio and television programming.

The law didn't explain these measures in detail or define abnormal, but the English-language state-run China Daily did say that long beards would be banned "as they are deemed to promote extremism."