Justices said lower court needs to reconsider New York case to address retailers’ arguments that such laws violate free speech rights

WASHINGTON—The Supreme Court on Wednesday gave retailers a new chance to challenge a New York law that bars merchants from imposing a surcharge on customers who use credit cards.

The high court’s unanimous ruling, written by Chief Justice John Roberts, didn’t settle whether such laws like New York’s are constitutional. Instead, the justices said a lower court needed to reconsider the case to address retailers’ arguments that such laws violated their free speech rights by preventing them from communicating freely with consumers...