Though doctors and researchers are continually working to refine cancer treatments, therapies to treat the disease can still have side effects. Chemotherapy is often used as a strategy to kill cancer cells, but it can also affect the nerves that connect the spinal cord to muscles, skin, and internal organs. This condition is known as peripheral neuropathy.

“The likelihood that a person will develop neuropathy after cancer treatment varies widely, and is largely dependent on what kinds of chemotherapy drugs were given and the dosage that was used,” says Memorial Sloan Kettering physical therapistLaryssa Buoneto.

Symptoms of Neuropathy

A person’s particular symptoms related to neuropathy also may vary based on the type and dosage of drugs received. Certain types of chemotherapy affect the small sensory nerves in the feet and hands, causing symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and pain in fingers and toes. Treatment with chemotherapy can also result in weakness, muscle cramps, and muscle fatigue.

Less commonly, chemotherapy can have an impact on the nerves that control movement and autonomic (internal) functions. People with autonomic nerve damage may become dizzy when sitting or standing up, or may experience urinary or bowel symptoms, blood pressure changes, or irregular heartbeat.

“People who experience any of these symptoms during or after being treated for cancer should discuss them with their doctor,” says Ms. Buoneto. “These symptoms are common after cancer treatment, but they may also have other underlying causes.”

Diagnosing Peripheral Neuropathy

The first step in diagnosing neuropathy is to meet with your oncologist to discuss your chemotherapy regimen, symptoms, and any preexisting medical condition that could cause similar symptoms. Your oncologist may refer you to a physiatrist (a doctor who specializes in rehabilitation), a physical therapist, or an occupational therapist for evaluation and treatment.

In a typical exam, you would be examined for cuts and injuries, which can occur due to decreased sensitivity of the skin, and evaluated for your reaction to light touch, sensitivity to sharp and dull stimulation, finger muscle strength, reflexes, balance, and autonomic symptoms.

“These tests also can help your doctor or therapist to tailor a treatment plan to your needs and to measure progress to see if treatments are working,” says Memorial Sloan Kettering occupational therapist Gabrielle Miskovitz. “During your evaluation, your physical or occupational therapist will ask you to think about your goals. The therapist is there to help you maximize your safety, reduce your risk of injury, and improve your quality of life.”

In addition, physical and occupational therapy can help those with neuropathy to improve balance and gait, fine motor skills, dexterity, and coordination. Many of the treatments are focused on decreasing the risk of falls, and injuries that can result from neuropathy.

To learn more about the diagnosis and treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, watch a video featuring Mrs. Buoneto and Mrs. Miskovitz.

Comments

Submitted by Susan Bologna | Monday, March 4, 2013 - 12:28 PM.

My daughter has all of the above symptoms and has been diagnosed with arachnoiditis. She received radiation treatments at MSKCC in 1998 at age 13 because of a brain tumor. Have any studies been done on the after radiation effects on the spine ? She suffers daily with leg and thigh pain, is unable to work or go about a normal life of a normal 27 year old young woman.
Thank you for any information you can provide.
Susan Bologna

Hi, Susan. We are unable to answer specific medical questions on our blog. If your daughter would like to make an appointment with a Memorial Sloan-Kettering physician, please call our Physician Referral Service at 800-525-2225.

What are your thoughts on the "ReBuilder" (electronic relief) for treating neuropathy tingling and pain?

Submitted by Tammy Steele | Wednesday, May 8, 2013 - 7:18 AM.

I have had neuropathy since breast cancer treatment 5 years ago. I've broken my left foot twice, once by simply standing up on it while it was numb. When I ask for help from my physicians at Northwestern Hospital they act as if it had no relationship with the cancer treatment. I am finally off of aromasin and it's generic version exemastine. How likely is it that the nerves could get better?

Tammy, unfortunately we are not able to answer personal medical questions on our blog. We recommend that you watch our video on neuropathy to give you some talking points to discuss with your doctors at your next visit. You can find the video here: http://www.mskcc.org/videos/playlist/neuropathy-care-survivors. Thank you for your comment.

Submitted by Bettye Washington | Saturday, May 25, 2013 - 3:44 PM.

I've a five year breast cancer survivor and I've had neuropathy
in my feet. My toes move continuously, but my main is that
my toenails come off once a year. Is this normal with neuropathy?

Bettye, we are unable to answer personal medical questions on our blog. If you would like to speak with a Memorial Sloan-Kettering doctor, please call 800-525-2225 or go to http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/appointment. Thank you for your comment.

Submitted by rosemary caprio | Monday, June 3, 2013 - 2:38 PM.

my son suffers from neuropathy in his feet and two of his fingers. he is in pain constantly and can not sleep at night. he has been told by his doctor that there is nothing that can be done to relieve the pain. he had chemo treatment 5 years ago, is this true

Rosemary, unfortunately we are not able to answer personal medical questions on our blog. If you would like to speak with a doctor at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, you can call 800-525-2225 or go to http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/appointment. Thank you for your comment.

Submitted by jan nagel | Wednesday, June 5, 2013 - 1:21 PM.

I have neuropathy in hands and feet from chemo 2 years ago. I have
promblems with most medications and have had severe side effects from simple everyday drugs. I can not take Lyrica or Cymbalta and
have finally decided to try and talk myself out of all the pain and
discomfort.My suggestion to the medical profession is that
they question patients in depth before starting chemo. My problems
resulted from a triple dose due to timing ....time the rest of my life will pay for the rush to finish the treatments.

Submitted by Sue M | Sunday, June 16, 2013 - 3:19 PM.

My daughter had Vincristine 7 years ago for cancer treatment. She now complains of tingling in her hands and feet. Is this from the chemo and what can be done to help?

Sue, we are not able to answer personal medical questions on our blog. If your daughter would like to make an appointment to speak with someone at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, you can call 800-525-2225 or go to http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/appointment. Thank you for your comment.

My husband is suffering from peripheral neuropathy in the hands and feet. He was recently taken off Oxalliplatin as part of his chemo regimen. The doctor said it might take up to 6 months for this to correct. He has been undergoing acupuncture at Soan with no relief. What else is available to him?

Submitted by Carmen | Tuesday, August 20, 2013 - 8:24 PM.

I still have some neuropathy and chemo brain even two and a half years out from breast cancer treatment with the red devil, taxol and radiation. What has helped the most is acupuncture, reflexology, massage, yoga, swimming and walking (even though painful). Don't give up and don't give in even if some doctors pretend these conditions don't exist and insurance won't cover alternative treatments. Hang in there and keep moving! Try everything you can and see what works for you because most treatments are one size fits nobody.

Submitted by Gary | Monday, September 9, 2013 - 1:43 PM.

Are there any significant studies concerning acupuncture as a treatment for CIPN in a post-chemo environment?

Hi Gary, we asked our Integrative Medicine Service about this. They said there are some preliminary studies that suggest acupuncture may be helpful in the management of CIPN. Authors of a systematic review on published literature about acupuncture as a methodology to treat CIPN found there is published research is available to support indications acupuncture may be effective in controlling symptoms and neural damage associated with CIPN (Franconi G, Manni L, Schröder S, Marchetti P, Robinson N A systematic review of experimental and clinical acupuncture in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:516916. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23983788). However the amount is limited and more research is needed. If you or someone you know who is a cancer survivor wants to pursue acupuncture, please remember that it's important to see a licensed practitioner who is trained to work with cancer patients. Thank you for your comment.

Submitted by Faye Barga | Wednesday, September 25, 2013 - 6:30 PM.

After completing chemo for colon cancer, my husband developed a severe form of neuropathy that has left him crippled since November of 2012. He is unable to walk or stand erect. He has been diagnosed but no treatments were offered...only lots of narcotics for the pain. We are both desperate to find some sort of therapy that could bring any relief. It seems there is no way out of this situation and I fear the toll it has taken on us both. Please help.

Faye, we're sorry your husband is going through this. If you would like to make an appointment with a Memorial Sloan-Kettering doctor, you can call 800-525-2225 or go to http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/appointment for more information. Thank you for your comment.

Charlotte, unfortunately, we are unable to answer specific medical questions on our blog. If you would like to make an appointment with a Memorial Sloan-Kettering physician, please call our Physician Referral Service at 800-525-2225 or go to http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/appointment. Thanks for your comment.

Submitted by Lisa | Monday, October 21, 2013 - 6:32 PM.

Hi, I contracted breast cancer May of 1999 they did a mastectomy with reconstruction surgery using the latissimus dorsi muscle. I have nerve damage and I have tried everything, and I'm only getting worse. I am currently disabled. Basically my life is over unless I can find a cure. I am so tired all the time, and so tired of living in so much pain. Makes you wonder why you survive breast cancer just to suffer. Is their anything that can help me? Please, I'm desperate

Lisa, we are sorry to hear about your condition. If you'd like to learn more about coming to Memorial Sloan-Kettering, you can call 800-525-2225 or go to http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/appointment for more information. Thank you for your comment.

Submitted by Alison | Thursday, December 19, 2013 - 12:10 AM.

My uncle has an appointment with a doctor from MSKCC Integrative Medicine Services in February for his neuropathy. In the meantime, are there any supplements that have shown improvement (no matter how slight) for neuropathy? Someone suggested glutamine.

Alison, we are not able to provide individual medical advice on our blog. We recommend that your uncle wait until he is able to meet with our doctor in February. If you are interested in learning more about herbs and other supplements, you can visit our About Herbs database at www.mskcc.org/aboutherbs. We also have a mobile app that's available from the iTunes store. Thank you for your comment.

Is MSKCC currently participating in any CIPN studies where they are looking for volunteers for new treatments? I am currently on 1,200mg of Neurontin daily and I believe I am at the end of what this medication can do for me. Gabapentin does not work and Lyrica resulted in too many side effects including drastic changes in my eyesight. I would be happy to step forward if there is a study and I would qualify. My CIPN was a result of Oxaliplatin Chemtherapy.

after 500-700 milligrams of hydroxyurea daily for about a year,
the underpart of my toes was itching and painful particularly in
summer, when feet sweat. I experienced an immediate reduction
in the pain and soon discontinuation of pain after taking daily packet
of EMERGEN - C multivitamin drink including other vitamins and minerals, particularly B12. I take it daily and there has been no recurrence in 3 years.

Submitted by Peter | Wednesday, January 15, 2014 - 2:05 PM.

Hey there,
1 year ago my mother was diagnosted with a hormone sensitive breasttumor. The treatment concisted of 8chemo and 17 herceptin treatments.
My mom has finished her chemotherapie with docetaxel on 20-12-2013 and is experiencing heavy neuropathic soreness as a result of it.
She tried too inform her oncologist after the 2nd treatment about the complications and all he suggested was a pill too drain some fluid from her legs.
Now after the chemo she is still required too take 12 herceptin doses even though the feeling in her legs in unbareable for her, the neurologist examinend her and told her it is a very uncommon side affect and could not treat her in any way... She has too sit it out and hope for the best....
Now I see alot of ppl talking about neurotin and other reliefers of pain or soreness.
Is this a proper 'treatment' too hope for the best...
Can anyone plz inform me of the possible steps too take or some words of comfort.
Love her too death and cant bare too see her in the pain and life condition she is in right now
Sincerely Peter - Holland

Peter, we're sorry to hear about your mother's side effects. We're not able to answer individual medical questions on our blog, so we recommend your mother speak with her medical team about options for pain relief. If she'd like to speak with a doctor at MSKCC, you can call 800-525-2225 to make an appointment. Thanks for your comment.

I work at a small Breast Cancer Center in Brisbane Australia .
I will be visiting New York in the first week of May and was hoping to meet with your Occupational Therapist treating the physical impairments secondary to cancer treatments. Do you have visiting OT opportunities?

I was operated on in 2010 for cooon cancer. After seven months of intensive cheomatheray, with platinum, I was pronounced clean, Since then I haqve gone in for the normal check up and things are noemal. The problem is that my toes, fingers, and now my fet and lower legs, the upper outside ov both hands suddenly become numb and my fingers lock up until II force them open. have fallen many times and br0ken an arm, rib and toe. I have gad in-grown nails problem.My doctors say there s nothibg to do, Any suyggestions?

Thank you for your comment. Unfortunately, we cannot answer personal medical questions on this blog. We suggest you speak with your physician about the conditions you are experiencing. There may be physical therapy exercises that could alleviate these problems. If you would like to make an appointment with a Memorial Sloan-Kettering physician, please call our Physician Referral Service at 800-525-2225.

Submitted by Evans | Saturday, April 26, 2014 - 4:11 AM.

Why have a site where people are tempted to comment, and then you carefully take time to tell each and every person that you cannot answer their individual comments. How SAD for those people. (I am not one of them, but feel sorry for them.) There must be a better way.

Evans, when people ask general questions about cancer or cancer research, we always try our best to answer those questions, often going back to the clinicians or researchers featured in the blog post for more information. However, when people ask questions like "should I undergo x procedure?" or "what can be done for my individual condition?" we are not able to provide medical advice and answer those kinds of personal medical questions. When those situations arise, we always try our best to refer people to the proper resources for getting the answers they need. Thanks for understanding our comment policy.

Submitted by DebraB | Thursday, May 29, 2014 - 3:10 PM.

My mother is 83 and was an active, independent woman until undergoing 4 rounds of RChop. I am so ANGRY and FRUSTRATED with the general attitude of Oncology. I've been researching for over a month and have found nothing but suffering. 9 times out of 10 these poor people have no hope and it appears the general attitude in the oncology community appears to be indifference. We told the oncologist immediately of any symptoms, as we were told to do in the information we received prior to starting chemo, but they DID NOTHING!!! When we complained to my mother's oncologist that my mother had tingling in her fingers which progressed to the complete loss of the use of her hands the response was just a shrug of the shoulders. When we continued to tell the oncologist that my mother had grown continually weaker and was unable to stand up or walk, the oncologist answered, "I don't understand it - I just don't know what's going on." At the time I didn't blame her - I know doctors are not all knowing - they are human but after researching the internet (the least SHE could've done!) I found out that CIPN is a well-known and documented occurrence for people on certain chemo drugs. My mother has started intense physical therapy as prescribed by a neurologist - there are no guarantees but I am hoping and praying she will get back on her feet. I just can't believe the medical profession appears to be ignoring these pleas for help and leaving all these people with no hope. It's despicable.
Oncologist, pay attention to your patients - don't forget to treat the whole person and not just the cancer.
For all those out there, searching for answers, I promise, if therapy helps my mother, I will post again. I know how it feels to be lost and hopeless and God knows, so does my mother.

Submitted by Ms. Robinson | Thursday, June 26, 2014 - 3:13 AM.

We have come a long way with medicine and technology but is always a work in progress. Very happy to see some of you have experienced and benefited from Reflexology and Massage therapy. Please look into it if you haven't. As a therapist for 20yrs, now in Northeast Tn, I can attest to the joy of some pain relief as far as greater benefits I have had the pleasure of providing.

Submitted by Jo Ellen Ojeda | Thursday, July 24, 2014 - 5:44 PM.

My friend received treatment for breast cancer almost 20 years ago and now has peripheral neuropathy in one arm and hand to the extent that she can no longer use that arm or hand. Are there any clinical trials available that could help her?

Jo Ellen, thank you for your comment. We do not currently have any clinical trials for neuropathy at MSK, but there appear to be such trials listed at the US government's clinical trials website at this link:

I had cancer treatment a Sloan-Kettering several years ago and I have been experiencing the symptoms as mentioned on your web site. My feet mostly at night get hot and tingle, making for an uncomfortable nights sleep. My hands also get numb on occasion, but not as bad as my feet.
Are there any over-the-counter drugs I can take to lessen these symptoms?

Dear Leonard, we're sorry to hear you're having these symptoms. Unfortunately, we cannot give personal medical advice over our blog, but you might consider giving our Sillerman Center for Rehabilitation a call. They have experts who can guide you on what medications, if any, might be best given your current medical status. The number is 646-888-1900. Thanks for reaching out.

Mary, thank you for reaching out.
Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a type of specialized massage that is used to encourage lymphatic flow and drainage. The massage technique is extremely gentle and performed in a proximal (closest to the center of the body) to distal (furthest away from the center of the body) fashion. MLD stimulates and opens up the lymphatic channels so that excess lymphatic fluid will drain into the venous circulation. MLD is a common technique used to treat lymphedema on any part of the body including the arms, legs, chest, abdomen, face, and pelvic region. This therapy can reduce the pain and discomfort of lymphedema while promoting relaxation.

MLD is now offered at the Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center (646-888-0800) and the integrative medicine suite at the Evelyn H. Lauder Breast Center (646-888-5200).

Submitted by Jimmy Reilly | Tuesday, September 9, 2014 - 11:01 AM.

Hi, I followed the posted link here for the video. However, the page displays a message that "there are no videos available at the moment, please check back later". I'd be very interested in viewing that video if you could get it up and running. Thanks so much!

Add a Comment

We welcome your questions and comments. Because this is a public forum, please do not include contact information or other personal details. Also, keep in mind that while we can provide general information and resources, we cannot offer personal medical advice. To make an appointment with one of our experts, contact our Physician Referral Service at 800-525-2225 or online.

abdomen (AB-doh-men)

The area of the body that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

acupuncture (AK-yoo-PUNK-cher)

The technique of inserting thin needles through the skin at specific points on the body to control pain and other symptoms. It is a type of complementary and alternative medicine.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

ARMS

A soft tissue tumor that is most common in older children and teenagers. It begins in embryonic muscle cells (cells that develop into muscles in the body). It can occur at many places in the body, but usually occurs in the trunk, arms, or legs. Also called alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

Aromasin (uh-ROH-muh-sin)

A drug used to treat advanced breast cancer and to prevent recurrent breast cancer in postmenopausal women who have already been treated with tamoxifen. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Aromasin causes a decrease in the amount of estrogen made by the body. It is a type of aromatase inhibitor. Also called exemestane.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

blood (blud)

A tissue with red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other substances suspended in fluid called plasma. Blood takes oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and carries away wastes.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

bowel (BOW-ul)

The long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. The bowel has two parts, the small bowel and the large bowel. Also called intestine.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

breast (brest)

Glandular organ located on the chest. The breast is made up of connective tissue, fat, and breast tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called mammary gland.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

breast cancer (brest KAN-ser)

Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

cancer (KAN-ser)

A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of cancer. Carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. Sarcoma is a cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow, and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma are cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system. Central nervous system cancers are cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. Also called malignancy.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

chemotherapy (KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee)

Treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

circulation (ser-kyoo-LAY-shun)

In the body, the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels, and the flow of lymph through the lymph vessels.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

clinical (KLIH-nih-kul)

Having to do with the examination and treatment of patients.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

condition (kun-DIH-shun)

In medicine, a health problem with certain characteristics or symptoms.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

diagnosis (DY-ug-NOH-sis)

The process of identifying a disease, such as cancer, from its signs and symptoms.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

distal (DIS-tul)

In medicine, refers to a part of the body that is farther away from the center of the body than another part. For example, the fingers are distal to the shoulder. The opposite is proximal.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

docetaxel (DOH-seh-TAK-sil)

A drug used to treat certain types of cancers of the breast, stomach, lung, prostate, and head and neck. It is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Docetaxel kills cancer cells by stopping them from dividing. It is a type of taxane. Also called Taxotere.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

drain (drayn)

In medicine, to remove fluid as it collects; or, a tube or wick-like device used to remove fluid from a body cavity, wound, or infected area.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

experimental (ek-SPAYR-ih-men-tul)

In clinical trials, refers to a drug (including a new drug, dose, combination, or route of administration) or procedure that has undergone basic laboratory testing and received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be tested in human subjects. A drug or procedure may be approved by the FDA for use in one disease or condition, but be considered experimental in other diseases or conditions. Also called investigational.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

fatigue (fuh-TEEG)

A condition marked by extreme tiredness and inability to function due lack of energy. Fatigue may be acute or chronic.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

fluid (FLOO-id)

A substance that flows smoothly and takes the shape of its container. Liquids and gases are fluids.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

generic (jeh-NAYR-ik)

Official nonbrand names by which medicines are known. Generic names usually refer to the chemical name of the drug.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

Herceptin (her-SEP-tin)

A drug used to treat breast cancer that is HER2-positive (expresses the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). It is also used with other drugs to treat HER2-positive stomach cancer that has not already been treated and has spread to other parts of the body. It is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Herceptin binds to HER2 on the surface of HER2-positive cancer cells, and may kill them. It is a type of monoclonal antibody. Also called trastuzumab.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

hormone (HOR-mone)

One of many chemicals made by glands in the body. Hormones circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs. Some hormones can also be made in the laboratory.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

imaging (IH-muh-jing)

In medicine, a process that makes pictures of areas inside the body. Imaging uses methods such as x-rays (high-energy radiation), ultrasound (high-energy sound waves), and radio waves.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

integrative medicine (IN-teh-gray-tiv MEH-dih-sin)

A type of medical care that combines conventional (standard) medical treatment with complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies that have been shown to be safe and to work. CAM therapies treat the mind, body, and spirit.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

L

A measure of volume for a liquid, using the metric system. One L is equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (cc), 1,000 milliliters (mm), or 1.0567 quarts (qt). Also called liter.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

lymph (limf)

The clear fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infections and other diseases. Also called lymphatic fluid.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

lymphatic fluid (lim-FA-tik ...)

The clear fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infections and other diseases. Also called lymph.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

lymphedema (LIM-fuh-DEE-muh)

A condition in which extra lymph fluid builds up in tissues and causes swelling. It may occur in an arm or leg if lymph vessels are blocked, damaged, or removed by surgery.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

massage therapy (muh-SAZH THAYR-uh-pee)

A treatment in which the soft tissues of the body are kneaded, rubbed, tapped, and stroked. Massage therapy may help people relax, relieve stress and pain, lower blood pressure, and improve circulation. It is being studied in the treatment of cancer symptoms such as lack of energy, pain, swelling, and depression.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

medicine (MEH-dih-sin)

Refers to the practices and procedures used for the prevention, treatment, or relief of symptoms of a diseases or abnormal conditions. This term may also refer to a legal drug used for the same purpose.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

metabolic (MEH-tuh-BAH-lik)

Having to do with metabolism (the total of all chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism to produce energy and basic materials needed for important life processes).

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

methodology (MEH-thuh-DAH-loh-jee)

In medicine, the rules and procedures for doing research and evaluating results.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

motor (MOH-ter)

In medicine, having to do with the movement of body parts.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

National Cancer Institute (NA-shuh-nul KAN-ser IN-stih-TOOT)

The National Cancer Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the Federal Government's principal agency for cancer research. The National Cancer Institute conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the National Cancer Institute Web site at . Also called NCI.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

nerve (nerv)

A bundle of fibers that receives and sends messages between the body and the brain. The messages are sent by chemical and electrical changes in the cells that make up the nerves.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

neural (NOOR-ul)

Having to do with nerves or the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

neurologist (noor-AH-loh-jist)

A doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

neuropathy (noor-AH-puh-thee)

A nerve problem that causes pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, or muscle weakness in different parts of the body. It usually begins in the hands or feet and gets worse over time. Neuropathy may be caused by physical injury, infection, toxic substances, disease (such as cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, or malnutrition), or drugs, including anticancer drugs. Also called peripheral neuropathy.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

occupational therapist (AH-kyoo-PAY-shuh-nul THAYR-uh-pist)

A health professional trained to help people who are ill or disabled learn to manage their daily activities.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

oncologist (on-KAH-loh-jist)

A doctor who specializes in treating cancer. Some oncologists specialize in a particular type of cancer treatment. For example, a radiation oncologist specializes in treating cancer with radiation.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

pelvic (PEL-vik)

Having to do with the pelvis (the lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones).

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

peripheral neuropathy (peh-RIH-feh-rul noor-AH-puh-thee)

A nerve problem that causes pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, or muscle weakness in different parts of the body. It usually begins in the hands or feet and gets worse over time. Peripheral neuropathy may be caused by physical injury, infection, toxic substances, disease (such as cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, or malnutrition), or drugs, including anticancer drugs. Also called neuropathy.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

physiatrist (fih-ZY-uh-trist)

A doctor who specializes in physical medicine (the prevention and treatment of disease or injury with physical methods, such as exercise and machines). Also called physical medicine specialist.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

physical therapist (FIH-zih-kul THAYR-uh-pist)

A health professional who teaches exercises and physical activities that help condition muscles and restore strength and movement.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

physical therapy (FIH-zih-kul THAYR-uh-pee)

The use of exercises and physical activities to help condition muscles and restore strength and movement. For example, physical therapy can be used to restore arm and shoulder movement and build back strength after breast cancer surgery.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

physician (fih-ZIH-shun)

Medical doctor.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

practitioner (prak-TIH-shuh-ner)

A person who works in a specific profession. For example, a doctor or nurse is a healthcare practitioner.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

proximal (PROK-sih-mul)

In medicine, refers to a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part. For example, the knee is proximal to the toes. The opposite is distal.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

quality of life (KWAH-lih-tee ... life)

The overall enjoyment of life. Many clinical trials assess the effects of cancer and its treatment on the quality of life. These studies measure aspects of an individual’s sense of well-being and ability to carry out various activities.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

radiation (RAY-dee-AY-shun)

Energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. Common sources of radiation include radon gas, cosmic rays from outer space, medical x-rays, and energy given off by a radioisotope (unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable).

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

referral (reh-FER-ul)

In medicine, the act of a doctor in which a patient is sent to another doctor for additional healthcare services.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

Referral

The approval form you receive from your primary care physician for you to see a specialist or get certain services. In many managed care plans, you need to get a referral form before you get care from anyone except your primary care doctor. If you do not first get a referral, the plan may not pay for your care. Patients in HMO plans must also obtain authorization for treatment from the carrier prior to an appointment at an out-of-network facility.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

reflexology (ree-flek-SAH-loh-jee)

A type of massage in which different amounts of pressure are applied to specific points on the feet or hands. These points are believed to match up with certain other parts of the body. Reflexology is claimed to cause relaxation and healing in those parts of the body, but this has not been proven.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

regimen (REH-jih-men)

A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

rehabilitation (REE-huh-BIH-lih-TAY-shun)

In medicine, a process to restore mental and/or physical abilities lost to injury or disease, in order to function in a normal or near-normal way.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

sensitivity (SEN-sih-TIH-vih-tee)

When referring to a medical test, sensitivity refers to the percentage of people who test positive for a specific disease among a group of people who have the disease. No test has 100% sensitivity because some people who have the disease will test negative for it (false negatives).

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

sensory (SEN-sor-ee)

Having to do with the senses.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

spinal cord (SPY-nul kord)

A column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the back. It is surrounded by three protective membranes, and is enclosed within the vertebrae (back bones). The spinal cord and the brain make up the central nervous system, and spinal cord nerves carry most messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

survivor (ser-VY-ver)

One who remains alive and continues to function during and after overcoming a serious hardship or life-threatening disease. In cancer, a person is considered to be a survivor from the time of diagnosis until the end of life.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

Taxol (TAK-sol)

A drug used to treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. It is also used together with another drug to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Taxol is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. It blocks cell growth by stopping cell division and may kill cancer cells. It is a type of antimitotic agent. Also called paclitaxel.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

therapy (THAYR-uh-pee)

Treatment.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

urinary (YOOR-ih-NAYR-ee)

Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

vincristine (vin-KRIS-teen)

The active ingredient in a drug used to treat acute leukemia. It is used in combination with other drugs to treat Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and Wilms tumor. Vincristine is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. It blocks cell growth by stopping cell division. It is a type of vinca alkaloid and a type of antimitotic agent.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

will (wil)

A legal document in which a person states what is to be done with his or her property after death, who is to carry out the terms of the will, and who is to care for any minor children.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)

yoga (YOH-guh)

An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation (focusing thoughts), and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems in cancer patients.

Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms(http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary)