The first recorded history of banking type arrangements came from Mediterranean Europe approx 300 BC. Temples kept the valuables and gold (main medium of exchange) of people as temples were less likely to be invaded and plundered by thieves. This then evolved into lending this wealth out to people who were needed money for consumption of business purposes. This evolved in the 17/18 centuries to transaction type services to facilitate trade payments. Reserve or central banks emerged in the 20 th century to control the supply of money in a country and this enabled rapid expansion of trade due to expansion of the money supply. During the latter part of the 20th century, rapid improvements in technology and communication has dramatically changed banking operations and enabled them to cross borders, grow large in size and become even more crucial in an economy. Banking today is widespread and an important part of the exchange of good, services and wealth in most economies.

However the key activities of banks have changed very little during history. They act as financial intermediaries: “acting as a repository for the savings of those who have surplus funds and as a source of funds for those who want to borrow” (New Zealand Bankers' Association, 2006). This is a very simple explanation but does not adequately explain reasons why individuals would not just do this without the help of an intermediary, like a bank. I will be using Fama’s theory and his 1980 article ‘Banking in the Theory of Finance’ to expand on these reasons. Fama theorises that banks perform two main functions: a portfolio management and a transaction function.

Portfolio Function Brigham & Ehrhardt describes a portfolio as “a group of individual assets held in combination. An asset that would be relatively risky if held in isolation may have little, or even no, risk if held in a well-diversified portfolio (Brgham, 2008)”. Banks essentially gather a pool of cash from savers (depositors), which become liabilities to the bank, and lend out the cash to a diversified mix of borrowers, which become assets to the bank. 1

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If a saver was to lend money directly to the borrower, this creates significant undiversified risk to both parties as the saver is wholly reliant on the one borrower to return their funds, with interest, on time and the borrower is wholly reliant on the one saver to not demand their money back at an inconvenient time. This direct finance scenario also poses two further issues for the saver: their money is tied up and unable to be accessed at will (illiquid), and they generally do not have the skill and resources to assess if the borrower is creditworthy and then monitor this creditworthiness over the term of the loan. The direct finance scenario also poses two further issues for the borrower: the amounts of money will probably not big enough or for long enough for their project. The bank overcomes all these issues by acting as a financial intermediary between borrowers and savers by transforming the size and liquidity of money. Savers generally want their money liquid as they need the money to meet their living expenses in the short term and also always anticipate the rate of return on their deposited money (interest) will increase in the future so do not wish to be locked in to a lower rate of return. Borrowers, in contrast, usually need funding for illiquid purposes (business, property) and for larger amounts. They also fear that interest rates will increase and wish to lock in an interest rate to limit the effects of this. In summary: depositors generally have small amounts of liquid funds at variable interest rates; borrowers generally want large amounts of funds on fixed rate terms for illiquid assets. Banks transform a portfolio of small liabilities to large assets and assess and monitor the safety of the assets...

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Home » Business » Finance » Report on Foreign Remittance Activities and Financial Performance of The City Bank Limited
Report on Foreign Remittance Activities and Financial Performance of The City Bank Limited
Introduction:
In today’s world, a bank performs several general banking activities in line with its different internal departments. All the departments which are providing Foreign Remittance services are very much important while dealing with customers. Bank earns its operating profit through functional activities of Foreign Remittance. That is why; Foreign Remittance activities mean a lot for a bank. If a bank can figure out its outstanding performance in foreign remittance banking through satisfying its customer then it is possible for that particular bank to gain competitive advantage from the market.
The City Bank Limited performs several general banking activities through its existing branches throughout the country. In most of the branches there are deposit section, loan and advances section, accounts section, foreign exchange section cash section and foreign remittance section. CBL performs its different types of day to day general banking activities with the help of these sections. I tried my best to learn several...

...Environment
Section_______
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below
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
7. _________________
5. _________________
6. __________________
8. ___________________
10. __________________
9. ___________________
Dichotomous KeyActivity
Introduction
In science we use many helping aids to organize and easily retrieve information. This particular
activity is a dichotomous keyactivity. A dichotomous key is a tool that scientists can use to help
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dichotomous key allows for the scientist to ask a series of questions with yes or no answers. Each
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...﻿Key Resources
As a matter of fact every business model requires Key Resources. These resources allow us to create and offer Value Proposition –(___), match customers’ expectations, build and maintain relationships with Customer Segments and ,of course, earn revenue. Our business model is based on physical, financial and human key resources.
1. Physical
Regardless of the availability of large space and using modern techniques, our major asset is bar inventory which is the crucial component of running a successful bar .However, most people even don’t do inventory that cause about 23% of shrinkage in the industry. To overcome this situation we will use unprecedented app “Partender” that will help to make an exhaustive analysis of our alcohol and cigarettes supplies. Most objective advantages: constant availability of all types of alcohol for our customers, no cheating and hence no cheap selling because of checking number of bottles, theirs volume and so on.
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To make our bar more attractive for customers we will employ experienced workers with high level of salaries as well as encourage good workers through bonuses. Our target is to build close relationship with people and make them part of our place; we will also try to be attentive to all their wants and needs. In fact, we will make barriers to teenagers under 18 if they want to buy alcohol drinks.
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...intermediary is a bank that consolidates deposits and uses the funds to transform them into loans.
Through the process of financial intermediation, certain assets or liabilities are transformed into different assets or liabilities. As such, financial intermediaries channel funds from people who have extra money or surplus savings (savers) to those who do not have enough money to carry out a desired activity (borrowers).
A financial intermediary is typically an institution that facilitates the channeling of funds between lenders and borrowers indirectly. That is, savers (lenders) give funds to an intermediary institution (such as a bank), and that institution gives those funds to spenders (borrowers). This may be in the form of loans or mortgages. Alternatively, they may lend the money directly via the financial markets, which is known as financial disintermediation.
In the context of climate finance and development, financial intermediaries generally refer to private sector intermediaries, such as banks, private equity, venture capital funds, leasing companies, insurance and pension funds, and micro-credit providers. Increasingly, international financial institutions provide funding via companies in the financial sector, rather than directly financing projects.
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...University.
Subject: Prayer for acceptance of internship report.
Dear Sir, Here is the report titled “A Study on Remittance Section; Rupali Bank” that you advised me to prepare as partial requirement of the course of BBA. I have exerted my best effort in preparing this report.
So, I request you to accept the report and give me a proper suggestion to work in the battle field of life.
Sincerely yours,
Kazi Md. Monirul Islam ID # 052-11-907 Batch # 11th Program # B.B.A Major in Marketing Daffodil International University
III
Disclaimer
The work I have presented does not breach any existing copyright and no portion of this report is copied from any work done earlier for a degree or otherwise.
I further undertake to indemnify the department against any loss or damage arising from breach of the foregoing obligations.
I do hereby solemnly declare that the work presented in this Internship Report has been carried out by me and has not been previously submitted to any other University/ College/Organization for academic qualification/certificate/diploma or degree.
…………………………… Kazi Md. Monirul Islam ID: 052-11-907 BBA Program Department of Business & Economics Daffodil International University
IV
Supervisor’s Certificate
This is to certify that the Internship Report on “A Study on Remittance Activities of Rupali Bank Ltd, Mirpur Br, Dhaka” in the bonafide record at the report is done by Kazi Md....

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1.1 Background of the report:
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Bank is very old institution that is contributing toward the development of any economy and is treated as an important service in dusty in the modern world. Economic history shows that development has started everywhere with the Banking system and its contribution towards financial development of a country is the highest in the initial stage. Modern Bank plays an important part in promoting economic development of a country. Bank provides necessary funds for executing various programs in the process of economic development. They collect savings from large masses of people scattered throughout the country, which in the absence of banks would have remained ideal and unproductive. These scattered amounts are collected, pooled together and made available to commerce and industry for meeting the financial requirements. Main functions of banking department are the followings: Account opening system, Account section, Collection and clearing, Saving Bank Account, Current Account, Short Term Deposit Account. Local remittance Section: Pay order, Demand Draft, Telegraphic Transfer, Call Deposit Account. Janata Bank Ltd. also provides different types of DPS like monthly savings Scheme (MSS), Monthly Benefit Scheme (MBS). Janata Bank Ltd. provides the entire general banking facilities like LC, Clearing, and Forwarding, It also provide...