11/19/2015

NEBOSH IGC

NEBOSH IGC flashcards | Quizlet

34 terms by Ryan_Thomason

REASONS FOR GOOD HEALTH AND

SAFETY MANAGEMENT

MORAL REASONSNeed to provide a reasonable standardof care and ethical reasons to reduce:accident ratesindustrial disease and ill-health rates.SOCIAL REASONSThese include:societal expectation of good standardsof health and safety a duty of care to provide:a safe place of work, including accessand egresssafe plant and equipmenta safe system of worksafe and competent fellow employees;andadequate levels of supervision,information, instruction and training.ECONOMIC REASONSPoor health and safety managementcan lead to:direct andindirect costs.Good health and safety managementcan lead to:a more highly motivated workforce,resulting in an improvement in therate of production and product quality;improved image and reputation of theorganisation with its variousstakeholders."

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COSTS OF ACCIDENTS AND ILL HEALTH

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DIRECT COSTSDirectly related to the accident andmay be insured or uninsured.Insured direct costs normally include:claims on employers' and publicliability insurance;damage to buildings, equipment orvehicles; andany attributable production and/orgeneral business loss."Uninsured direct costs include:fines resulting from prosecution by theenforcement authority;sick pay;some damage to product, equipment,vehicles or process not directlyattributable to the accident (e.g.caused by replacement staff);increases in insurance premiumsresulting from the accident;any compensation not covered by theinsurance policy due to an excessagreed between the employer and theinsurance company; andlegal representation following anycompensation claim.INDIRECT COSTSCosts which may not be directlyattributable to the accident but mayresult from a series of accidents.Insured indirect costs include:a cumulative business loss;product or process liability claims; andrecruitment of replacement staff.Uninsured indirect costs include:loss of goodwill and a poor corporateimage;accident investigation time and anysubsequent remedial action required;production delays;extra overtime payments;lost time for other employees, such as

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a First Aider, who attend to the needs

of the injured person;the recruitment and training ofreplacement staff;additional administration timeincurred;first aid provision and training; andlower employee morale, possiblyleading to reduced productivity.Some of these items, such as businessloss, may be uninsurable or tooprohibitively expensive to insure.Therefore, insurance policies cannever cover all of the costs of anaccident or disease, because eithersome items are not covered by thepolicy or the insurance excess isgreater than the particular item cost.EMPLOYERS' RESPONSIBILITIES

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(a) to provide and maintain

workplaces, machinery andequipment, and use work methods,which are as safe and without risk tohealth as is reasonably practicable;(b) to give necessary instruction andtraining that takes into account thefunctions and capabilities of differentcategories of workers;(c) to provide adequate supervision ofwork practices, ensuring that properuse is made of relevant occupationalhealth and safety measures;(d) to institute suitable occupationalhealth and safety managementarrangements appropriate to theworking environment, the size of theundertaking and the nature of itsactivities; and(e) to provide, without any cost to theworker, adequate personal protectiveclothing and equipment which arereasonably necessary when workplacehazards cannot be otherwiseprevented or controlled.3/12

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WORKERS RESPONSIBILITIES AND

RIGHTS

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Workers' rights are embodied in the

ILO lsquo;Declaration on FundamentalPrinciples and Rights at Work':1 Freedom of association the rightof workers and employers to form andjoin organisations of their choice.2 Freedom from forced labour.3 Freedom from discrimination.4 Opposition to child labour.The ILO Code of Practice 'Ambientfactors in the workplacersquo; specifies that workers and theirrepresentatives should have the rightto:(a) be consulted regarding any hazardsor risks to health and safety fromhazardous factors at the workplace;(b) inquire into and receiveinformation from the employerregarding any hazards or risks tohealth and safety from hazardousfactors in the workplace;(c) take adequate precautions, in cooperation with their employer, toprotect themselves and other workersagainst hazards or risks to their healthand safety;(d) request and be involved in theassessment of hazards and risks tohealth and safety by the employerand/or the competent authority, andin any subsequent control measuresand investigations;(e) be involved in the inception anddevelopment of workers' healthsurveillance, and participate in itsimplementation; and(f) be informed in a timely, objectiveand comprehensible manner:(i) of the reasons for any examinationsand investigations relating to thehealth hazards involved in theirworkplace;

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(ii) individually of the results of

medical examinations, including preassignment medical examinations, andof the subsequent assessment ofhealth.In accordance with national laws andregulations, workers should have theright:(a) to bring to the attention of theirrepresentatives, employer orcompetent authority any hazards orrisks to health and safety at work;(c) to remove themselves from ahazardous situation when they havegood reason to believe that there is animminent and serious risk to theirhealth and safety and inform theirsupervisor immediately;(d) in the case of a health condition,such as sensitisation, to be transferredto alternative work that does notexpose them to that hazard, if suchwork is available and if the workersconcerned have the qualifications orcan reasonably be trained for suchalternative work;(e) to compensation if the casereferred to in (d) above results in lossof employment;(f) to adequate medical treatment andcompensation for occupationalinjuries and diseases resulting fromhazards at the workplace; and(g) to refrain from using anyequipment or process or substancewhich can reasonably be expected tobe hazardous, if relevant informationis not available to assess the hazardsor risks to health and safety.

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WORKERS' RESPONSIBILITIES

(a) take reasonable care for their own

safety and that of other persons whomay be affected by their acts oromissions at work;(b) comply with instructions given fortheir own health and safety and thoseof others and with health and safetyprocedures;(c) use safety devices and protectiveequipment correctly and not to renderthem inoperative;(d) report forthwith to their immediatesupervisor any situation which theyhave reason to believe could present ahazard and which they cannotthemselves correct; and(e) report any accident or injury tohealth which arises in the course of orinconnection with work."

HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Policy A clear health and safety

policy contributes to businessefficiency and continuousimprovement throughout theoperation. The policy should state theintentions of the organisation in termsof clear aims, objectives, targets andsenior management involvement.

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Organising

Organising A well-defined health

and safety organisation should identifyhealth and safety responsibilities at alllevels of the organisation. An effectiveorganisation will be noted for goodcommunication, the promotion ofcompetency, the commitment of allemployees and a responsive reportingsystem.

Planning and Implementing

Planning and implementing A clear

health and safety plan, based on riskassessment, sets and implementsperformance standards, targets andprocedures through an effective healthand safety management system. Theplan should set priorities andobjectives for the control orelimination of hazards and thereduction of risks.

Measuring Performance

Measuring performance This

includes both active (sometimes calledproactive) and reactive monitoring ofthe health and safety managementsystem. It is also important to measurethe organisation against its own longterm goals and objectives.

Reviewing Preformance

Reviewing performance The results

of monitoring and independent auditsshould indicate whether the objectivesand targets set in the health and safetypolicy need to be changed. Changes inthe health and safety environment inthe organisation, such as an accident,should also trigger a performancereview. Performance reviews shouldinclude "comparisons with internalperformance indicators and theexternal performance indicators ofsimilar organisations with exemplarypractices and high standards.

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PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF

SETTING POLICY FOR HEALTH ANDSAFETYThe purpose of setting a health andsafety policy is to ensure that:

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everybody associated with the

organisation is aware of its health andsafety aims and objectives and howthey are to be achieved;the performance of the organisation isenhanced in areas other than healthand safety;there is effective personaldevelopment of the workforce;business efficiency is improvedthroughout the operation; andthe involvement of seniormanagement in health and safetyissues is evident to all stakeholders.The policy should state the intentionsof the business in terms of clear aims,objectives, organisation, arrangementsand targets for all health and safetyissues.The written health and safety policyshould include the following threesections:a health and safety policy statement ofintent which includes the health andsafety aims and objectives of theorganisation;the health and safety organisationdetailing the people with specifichealth and safety responsibilities andtheir duties; andthe health and safety arrangements inplace in terms of systems andprocedures.Policy statement of intent:Aims and objectives;Duties of employer and employees;Performance targets and benchmarks;Name of person responsible for healthand safety; andPosted and dated.Organisation:Safety manualOrganisational chartResponsibilities8/12

11/19/2015

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Allocation of resources, including

financeSafety monitoring systemIdentification of main hazards.Arrangements to include:Planning and organisingAccident reportingEmergenciesContractors and visitorsConsultation and communication withemployeesFire precautionsMain risk assessments and hazardcontrolPerformance monitoring.Health

The protection of the bodies and

minds of people from illness resultingfrom the materials, processes orprocedures used in the workplace.

Safety

the protection of people from physical

injury. The borderline between health& safety is ill-defined and the twowords are normally used together toindicate concern for the physical andmental well-being of the individual atthe place of work

Auditing

Auditing An independent and

structured audit of all parts of thehealth and safety management systemreinforces the review process. If theaudit is to be really effective, it mustassess both the compliance withstated procedures and theperformance in the workplace. It willidentify weaknesses in the health andsafety policy and procedures andidentify unrealistic or inadequatestandards and targets

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Continual Improvement

Continual improvement The

simplest way to achieve continualimprovement is to implement therecommendations of audits andmanagement reviews and usebenchmarks from similarorganisations and any revised nationalor industrial guidelines. Suggestionsfrom the workforce, managers,supervisors and the health and safetycommittee can be a very effectivevehicle for continual improvement.

Welfare

the provision of facilities to maintain

the health and well-being ofindividuals at the workplace. Welfarefacilities include washing andsanitation arrangements, the provisionof drinking water, heating, lighting,accommodation for clothing, seating(when required by the work activity orfor rest), eating and restrooms. Firstaid arrangements are also consideredas welfare facilities.

Occupational or work-related ill-health

this is concerned with those illnesses

or physical and mental disorders thatare either caused or triggered byworkplace activities. Such conditionsmay be induced by the particular workactivity of the individual or byactivities of others in the workplace.They may be either physiological orpsychological or a combination ofboth. The time interval betweenexposure and the onset of the illnessmay be short (e.g. asthma attacks) orlong (e.g. deafness or cancer).

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Environmental protection

these are the arrangements to cover

those activities in the workplace whichaffect the environment (in the form offlora, fauna, water, air and soil) and,possibly, the health and safety ofemployees and others. Such activitiesinclude waste and effluent disposaland atmospheric pollution.

Accident

this is defined by the UK HSE as "any

unplanned event that results in injuryor ill-health of people, or damage orloss to property, plant, materials, orthe environment or loss of a businessopportunity". Other authorities definean accident more narrowly byexcluding events that do not involveinjury or ill-health. It is important tonote that work related accidents maynot always occur at the place of work.Commuting accidents occur duringwork-related travel (usually by road).

Near miss

this is any incident that could have

resulted in an accident. Knowledge ofnear misses is very important asresearch has shown that,approximately, for every "10 nearmiss" events at a particular location inthe workplace, a minor accident willoccur.

Dangerous occurrence

This is a "near miss" which could have

led to serious injury or loss of life.Specified dangerous occurrences arealways reportable to the enforcementauthorities. Examples include thecollapse of scaffold or a crane or thefailure of any passenger-carryingequipment.

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Hazard and risk

A hazard is the potential of substance,

person, activity or process to causeharm. Hazards take many formsincluding, for example, chemicals,electricity and working from a ladder.A hazard can be ranked relative toother hazards or to a possible level ofdanger. A risk can be reduced and ahazard can be eliminated or controlledby good management.

Hazard

Hazard - Is an artical, substance ,

action or condition that has thepotential to cause harm or damage(unsafe acts or unsafe conditions)