Optoelectronics Reference Materials

Description: Random Position Object Sensing refers to applications where the goal is to either detect the presence of an "object" in an open delimited space or count the number of objects travelling through a ...

Description: The basic structure of the photodiode is a reverse biased PN junction. When light of the proper wavelength is directed toward the junction, hole electron pairs are created and swept across the ...

Description: The common-emitter amplifier circuit (Fig. 1) generates an output which transitions from a high state to a low state when light in the near-infrared range is detected by the phototransistor. The ...

Description: The IR LED emitter is commonly continuously powered, forcing a constant DC current through the LED. The LED is connected to the DC supply via current limiting resistor. Equation included in piece. ...

Description: Northrop Grumman Cutting Edge Optronics has developed a new laser diode array package with minimal bar-to-bar spacing. These High Density Stack (HDS) packages allow for a power density increase on the ...

Description: Resolution and dynamic range are two important specifications to be considered when evaluating the capabilities of an imaging colorimeter, yet they are easily misconstrued. The common assumption is ...

Description: This article describes how to design a circuit that controls the UVC light intensity in disinfection and sanitizing systems. This intensity must remain above a predetermined threshold to guarantee the ...

Description: Laser system designers have a broad range of beam positioning architectures available to them to solve various applications. This paper explores the design, benefits, consequences, and use of the ...

Description: Many manufacturing plants are considered hazardous environments particularly in petro-chemical
and grain processing plants. Any electrical arc could ignite a fire or major explosion. Since these ...

Description: Standex-Meder Electronics, manufacturer of
precise, reliable, and long-lasting miniature
switches, sensors, and relays has literally been
lighting the way for decades. Since the 1950's
they have been ...

Description: The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a radiation detector with extremely high sensitivity, high efficiency, and very low time jitter. It is based on reversed biased p/n diodes and can directly detect ...

Description: As an electrical design engineer, you are often faced with tradeoffs when designing components for your product. While trying to optimize your product's performance, you are challenged with factors ...

Description: The speed of most parallel-aligned liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLMs) is limited to the video rate of their drivers, which is a limitation for high-speed applications. ...

Description: The IECEx is a certification system which verifies compliance with IEC international standards relating to equipment for use in explosive atmospheres. The safety requirement for equipment under ...

Description: The ACPL-337J is an advanced highly integrated gate drive optocoupler, designed to ISOLATE, DRIVE, PROTECT and FEEDBACK the IGBT's operational status. It has a rail-to-rail output that can deliver 4A ...

Description: MOXTEK has developed a new polarizer technology for the visible spectrum based on the technology of nanometer-scale wire-grids. They have named their technology ProFlux(tm)
Polarizers. These ...

Description: Wire-grid polarizers are now available for broadband visible applications. This type of polarizer is very attractive for projection display applications because of its high efficiency, high contrast, ...

Description: Recent development of new products has given rise to stringent requirements for precision deposition control of thin metal films. Enhancement mode (E-mode) pHEMT devices
require a very thin layer of ...

Description: Digital optocouplers in an electrical system provide high voltage insulation and noise rejection for data transmission. A high quality insulation barrier in the optocoupler is needed to provide ...

Description: Usually, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) is described in the following way: "An IGBT is a combination of a field effect transistor and a bipolar transistor where an N-channel FET controls ...

Description: Advances in sensors, filters and apertures are driving the evolution of multispectral imaging to practical commercial systems for use in everything from medical imaging to satellite remote sensing. ...

Description: An X-ray shielded test chamber has been designed and built that includes a CCD-pinhole
camera and energy-dispersive silicon PIN-diode detector for spectrum collection. The
use of this chamber is an ...

Description: A polarizing cube beamsplitter (MacNeille Prism2 as shown in
Figure 1.) is the familiar choice for this key function. Optical engineers
have
accepted the
weaknesses of
the cube PBS
because there
did ...

Description: Each year the Society awards the Display of the Year Award to
several leading edge display devices or technologies that provide
innovative solutions to an information display need. The
following paper ...

Description: This application is for use in a scanning electron microscope, which has different operating
modes. In one mode, a large negative voltage (nominally -10kV) must be applied to an
electrode. In the ...

Description: The OC100HG push-pull configuration is useful for driving strictly capacitive loads or very
high resistive impedance loads. Low capacitance loads can be driven at relatively high
speeds, while large ...

Description: Using a pair of these optocouplers in a push-pull configuration an amplifier may be constructed having a high DC loop gain and a
bandwidth constrained primarily by the capacitance and current of the ...

Description: The HV diode is commonly referred to as the "photo diode". The photo diode junctions are light sensitive, which means when the diode is exposed to light while reverse biased, the leakage current ...

Description: There are many challenges associated with high-voltage
Li-ion battery-stack management in all-electric or hybrid
automotive applications. Charge and discharge cycles
must be monitored and controlled, ...

Description: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) are generally refractory to extended in vitro culture. In an attempt to recreate some features of the complex set of cues arising from the liver parenchyma, ...

Description: The vertebrate ear benefits from nonlinear mechanical amplification to operate over a vast range of sound intensities. The amplificatory process is thought to emerge from active force production by ...

Description: Directional couplers are used for output power
detection and control in both WCDMA and GSM/EDGE Power
Amplifier (PA) Front End Modules (FEM). At high values of load
VSWR, delivered power shows ...

Description: Adaptive Digital Predistortion (DPD) is applied to
a spec-compliant class-AB GaAs HBT PA module for WCDMA
handsets. It is shown that, by using a re-optimized load line, the
efficiency can be increased ...

Description: Optocouplers are used extensively for high-voltage isolation and electrical noise rejection - two essential requirements
for transmitting correct information between different voltage potentials ...

Description: Electrical systems, no matter what their purpose, share three primary requirements: reliable, safe, and long life operation. To ensure safe operation, users must be double insulated from any dangerous ...

Description: Avago's new ACE Q100 grade optocouplers, the ACPL-K4xT/K7xT series has signifi cantly lower LED driving current compared
to conventional optocouplers, thus lowering system power consumption. ...

Description: Patient contacts in medical devices must be isolated
from ac mains to protect the patient from hazardous
voltage shocks. In medical imaging devices, large quantities
of video imaging data need to be ...

Description: Home energy systems based on renewable sources such
as solar and wind power are becoming more popular
among consumers and gaining increasing support from
governmental bodies. Such systems, however, ...

Description: Bootstrap power supplies can be used to reduce the
number of isolated power supplies or DC-to-DC converters.
This helps to reduce cost and the PCB space as
compared to transformer-based power ...

Description: Thanks to the dvancement of surface mount LED package design and materials in recent years, coupled with the progress in LED die efficiency, surface mount LED packaging can now deliver the required ...

Description: The charge control circuit uses the Microchip MCP1253 charge pump to charge the EnerChip at a constant 4.1V with a supply voltage as low as 2.7V. A small number of external components set the battery ...

Description: The purpose of this evaluation platform is to allow designers to characterize EnerChip rechargeable thin film batteries in low power designs operating in 3V or 5V systems. A block diagram of the ...

Description: Cymbet EnerChips are ideal for applications requiring a high number of charge/discharge cycles, such as backing up microcontrollers during intermittent power outages. Such systems will need a charge ...

Description: The trend of electric or hybrid electric vehicles has accelerated the introduction of electronic components into cars. The components residing under the hood will experience high ambient temperatures ...

Description: In portable electronic products, reducing the power consumption to provide the user with increased battery life is one of today's critical design considerations. The liquid crystal display (LCD) and ...

Description: Mechanical-alignment applications of electro-optical instruments have expanded dramatically during the past three years in the construction, machinetool, aircraft and aerospace industries, increasing ...

Description: The photodiode used for optical detection of the atomic resonance in a passive rubidium frequency standard (RFS) is a critical component that can limit the radiation hardness of the standard at high ...

Description: Although the use of silicon photodetectors for making quantitative light measurements has been long established, there exists a body of other measurement capabilities for such devices, which have gone ...

Description: Silicon photodiodes are semiconductor devices responsive to high-energy particles and photons. Photodiodes operate by absorption of photons or charged particles and generate a flow of current in an ...

Description: This paper describes an electro-optic displacement measurement system which measures both angular and lateral displacements simultaneously. The system consists of a CW laser, lenses, interference ...

Description: The value of the fundamental quality in radiometry, the watt, is presently realized by electrical substitution in which the temperature produced in a blacked material due to absorption of radiant ...

Description: In research leading to an ocular communication system at the Tufta-new England Medical center, a technique has been sought to provide the position and orientation of the head of a potential user. This ...

Description: Silicon photodiodes have practically no carrier recombination at the Si-Si02 interface or in the front diffused region have been developed by defect-free n-type impurity diffusion into the p-type ...

Description: Recent improvements in silicon photodiode fabrication technology have resulted in the production of photodiodes which are stable after prolonged exposure to short wavelength radiation and which have ...

Description: The introduction of laser emission safety regulations will necessitate simple instruments for user monitoring and regulatory purposes. These instruments must be capable of being accurately calibrated ...

Description: Very high, quantum efficiency, UV-enhanced silicon photodiodes have been developed by arsenic diffusion into p-type silicon as an alternative to the inversion layer photodiodes commonly used in ...

Description: Neutron radiation testing was performed on a total of 125 silicon photodiodes to investigate the changes in the device parameters after neutron exposure. Califonium-252 source was used to irradiate ...

Description: Applications are expanding rapidly in the use of electro-optical instruments to measure angle, distance, heights, centering, surface uniformity, and other parameters related to position sensing. ...

Description: Silicon photodiodes are semiconductor devices used for the detection of light in ultra-violet, visible and infrared spectral regions. Because of their small size, low noise, high speed and good ...

Description: The days when all washers and dryers were finished in white enamel and had a couple of large electromechanical dials or controllers, are fading into the past. Today's consumers are looking for ...

Description: CTR is a key parameter in measuring transistor optocoupler performance. Normally expressed as a percentage, CTR is the ratio of the amount of current applied to the optocoupler's LED to the collector ...

Description: While designed for measurement parameters like Voltage and Current, PSPICE programs are not comfortable with evaluating or simulating components in photometric units. This application note provides ...

Description: Galvanometer-based optical scanners are the preferred positioning solution for an increasingly broad range of industrial, scientific, imaging, and medical laser applications. While a number of ...

Description: Thin Film Technology (TFT) is a high-speed passive component manufacturer who can provide you with custom electrical filter designs for your optical system designs. In addition to the custom filter ...

Description: Many new enabling optical modulation techniques rely on critical electrical filtering at both the front and back end of the electro-optical system. At the front end there are many emerging modulation ...

Description: Many new enabling optical modulation techniques rely on critical electrical filtering at both ends of the E-O & O-E system. At the front end there are many emerging modulation techniques being ...