The readings above, are based on completing the Torah in a year, being sections called Parashot.
This system was implemented by Babylonian community of early common era Judaism. Each parashah
is called after the first few words of the section (in a manner to naming biblical books).
To each of these, a section from the Nevi'im, a haftarah ("completion")
follows. (Haftarot are not included in most Bibles. A Üumash
is an edition that includes them.) There are 54 parashot. Although it is redundant, in the
translation included on this site, each parashah is shown with three pe or samek
characters:

or

In an older system, the Torah was read in three to three and a half years as divided
into 154 or 167 sedarim. This was used in Yisra'el. Sedarim are marked
with a ornamental oversized samek:

In addition, I thought it would more accurate and interesting to include paragraph
marks from the Masorah. These marks are a single pe or a samek (shown above respectively)
for petuÝah or setumah type paragraphs.

Biblical months are actually lunations based on first visible new moon crescents. Even
though they are now calculated mostly by new moon conjunctions, the visible crescent
establishes Ros Üodes (head of the month). Day
periods begin at sunset. The lunar months do not always correspond to the Gregorian
(Western) months as shown below, and there will be some variation in some years. And, by
observing below, the biblical year does not coincide with the Western year. It also has
two "new years." Actually, the first month is Aviv, but, traditionally, Judaism
begins reckoning the new year with the seventh month!

Because the lunar year has only a little over 354 days, a second twelth month (We'Adar) is
added every few years to catch up to the solar year. Months were originally counted then
took agricultural and seasonal references like: Aviv -of green ears of barley; ÊtanÏm -of flowing streams; Bul -produce. These are
Canaanite (Can.) names. Later, during and after the captivities, Babylonian (Bab.) names
came to be used.