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School

University of Toronto Scarborough

Department

Psychology

Course

PSYB01H3

Professor

Nussbaum D

Semester

Fall

Description

CHAPTER 12
Report Organization In APA Format
All reports must be:
 Typed
 Entirely double-spaced
 12-point serif font
 With at least 1-inch margins all around
 Alignment of text is to the left
 All pages are numbered consecutively
Title
Contains
 Title of the report: describes the relationship between independent and
dependent variables of the study
 Author’s name and school affiliation
 Running head: short title of the paper that should be no more than 50 characters
 Page header
 Page number
Abstract
A brief paragraph, no more than 120 words, that states what was done to whom and the
major results or findings.
Introduction
Describe what the plan for the study was and why it needed to be done.
Draw connections to previous research and why it is connected to your research
Presenting the main hypothesis – tells the reader the principal prediction.
Method
Often written first and while the study is in progress.
Needs to be reported clearly so that it can be replicated exactly for future studies.
The validity of the study will be placed largely on the extent to which its method
provided variables that adequately captured the phenomena under study.
Manipulations should be described in detail in the method.
 By doing so, allows for readers to evaluate whether a staged event truly
represents the phenomenon that is intended to induce. Divided into four subsections:
Participants:
 Report how many were in the study and how they were recruited
o Include whether random sampling was used
 Present age, gender, education, student status, and any other important
characteristics – whether participants were compensated, received course credit,
or volunteered for no material benefit,
 Was the study approved by the Institutional Review Board
Materials:
 Describe measures, variables, and type of apparatus or stimuli used in the study
o If survey was used, describe the questions and the number of items
Design:
 Report the type of design used
 Specify the independent and dependent variables
 Specify whether it was within- or between-groups design
Procedure:
 Specify the sequence of steps of the study
o What you had the participants do and how you collected the data
Results
Summarize findings and the statistical tests you performed.
 Report in sufficient detail but do not overwhelm with information
Report all relevant findings, even one that run counter to your hypothesis and
expectations.
 Do not hide unexpected, disappointing, or uncomfortable results
Do not report individual scores or raw data, unless it’s a single-subject design.
Start by providing descriptive statistics of your study