Table 3

Results of the weighted ANOVAs applied to compare the mean effect sizes obtained with
the treatment and the control groups for the different outcome measures

95% C.I.

ANOVA

Outcome measure / Group

k

d+

dl

du

Pain:

QB(1) = 39.422, p < .001; R2 = .932

QW(14) = 17.493, p = .231

Treatment groups

11

.800

.611

.989

Control groups

5

–.194

–.440

.052

Disability:

QB(1) = 6.840 p = .009; R2 = .561

QW(7) = 15.495, p = .030

Treatment groups

7

.661

.353

.968

Control groups

2

–.081

–.544

.382

Flexibility:

QB(1) = 17.746, p < .001; R2 = 1

QW(5) = 4.352, p = .450

Treatment groups

5

.500

.306

.695

Control groups

2

–.211

–.479

.057

Endurance:

QB(1) = 10.211, p = .001; R2 = 1

QW(2) = .256, p = .880

Treatment groups

3

.628

.361

.896

Control groups

1

–.149

–.545

.245

Mental Health:

QB(1) = .254, p = .614; R2 = 1

QW(2) = 1.261, p = .532

Treatment groups

3

.373

.141

.605

Control groups

1

.488

.107

.869

Overall-Self-reports:

QB(1) = 26.659, p < .001; R2 = .401

QW(14) = 15.724, p = .330

Treatment groups

11

.669

.498

.840

Control groups

5

–.068

–.290

.153

Overall-Clinicians:

QB(1) = 6.960, p = .008; R2 = .647

QW(5) = 9.621, p = .087

Treatment groups

5

.429

.161

.698

Control groups

2

–.212

–.606

.181

Overall-All combined:

QB(1) = 32.872, p < .001; R2 = 1

QW(14) = 11.375, p = .656

Treatment groups

11

.548

.394

.702

Control groups

5

–.182

–.379

.014

k: number of studies for each category. d+: mean effect size for each category. dl and du: lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence interval for the mean effect size in
each category. p: probability levels for the different statistical tests. QB: between-categories Q statistic. QW: within-category Q statistic. R2: proportion of variance explained by the comparison between the treatment and the
control groups.