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Constitutional Violations by the NSA and FBI

Documents from the DNI office reveal systematic violations of the Fourth Amendment by the NSA and FBI. This sifting through mass surveillance data is an ineffective, immoral and illegal way for intelligence agencies to perform their functions. This type of extensive surveillance of Americans should instead require a warrant approved by a judge.

When searching intelligence data, analysts from the National Security Agency failed to follow the rules “with much greater frequency” than was previously disclosed, documents published by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence show.
The secretive Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court accused the NSA of a “lack of candor” when reporting those failures, which are a serious concern for the Fourth Amendment.

During a preliminary review of just a few months in 2015, analysts running searches on emails and other digital communications vacuumed up from undersea internet cables frequently violated Americans’ privacy–albeit unintentionally. “The problem was widespread,” wrote the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in a memorandum published on the intelligence office’s Tumblr page Thursday evening.
NSA analysts had a startling error rate of 85 percent on another, smaller part of the NSA’s foreign intelligence programs, a statistic that “raises questions” about the “propriety” of current powers to search that data, the court wrote. That program, which uses rarely exercised authorities involving a few dozen top targets, is designed to target American citizens presumably living overseas, one former intelligence official explained to Foreign Policy.

Those failures happened almost immediately after being told to fix the same issue with privacy protection in 2011. “Too often…the government fails to meet its obligation to provide prompt notification” when an analyst doesn’t follow the rules, the court wrote.
On April 28, the NSA announced it would be winding down one part of a controversial foreign intelligence program, called Upstream, that allowed it to vacuum up digital communications about a target straight from the backbone of the Internet. That program is authorized under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, a law that’s set to expire at the end of the year unless lawmakers reauthorize it.
The frequency of compliance issues, meaning the regularity with which NSA employees broke protocol when sifting through the communications, was the reason for shutting down the program, the NSA said.

The new memorandum reveals further detail about those compliance issues. At least one section of the program didn’t allow audits of the searches, something unusual for the NSA. One former intelligence official told Foreign Policy it was shocking the database wasn’t immediately tied to an auditing system.

The program is designed to track only foreign people living overseas, and NSA analysts weren’t supposed to be digging through Americans’ communications. But because the information was drawn straight from undersea Internet cables trawling for information about foreign targets, Americans’ data often got swept up in what is known as incidental collection.

The NSA blamed “human error” and tricky technical design on the analysts’ improper searches as well as a system that forced them to “opt-out” of certain search parameters instead of opt-in, leading them to forget to limit their queries.

It’s unclear if NSA will try to revive its legal authority to search for communications about foreign targets, but for now it appears to be gearing up to defend the rest of the collection program so that lawmakers don’t further strip away collection powers.
“The immense magnitude of noncompliance shows the current structure does not function and needs to change,” Jake Laperruque, senior counsel at constitutional nonprofit The Constitution Project, wrote in a message to FP. “If FISA surveillance leads to such systemic failures violation of Americans rights, it’s time for systemic reforms.”
NSA analysts weren’t the only ones with compliance issues, according to the court’s memorandum. The FBI, which also maintains access to communications collected by the NSA for both foreign intelligence and domestic crime purposes, shared that raw intelligence–without any redactions or privacy protections–with a third party “largely staffed by private contractors.”