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I know it's only half on-topic but I put this here because I want feedback from people that are primarily SF readers.

I used to read a lot more fantasy when I was younger but have drifted away from the genre, I think because it feels too restrictive when it comes to certain themes.

What Fantasy authors would you guys recommend to someone that enjoys SF with transhumanistic themes such as much of Charles Stross' and Greg Egan's work, the Culture Books, Neal Asher's Polity, Peter F. Hamilton's Commonwealth series and Kim Stanley Robinson's recent 2312?

Gene Wolfe's Solar Cycle books have a really great mix of science fiction and fantasy. The Book of the New Sun has a very obvious fantasy feel to the story compared to his Book of the Long Sun but also has a lot of elements of science fiction involved as well. Also Gene Wolfe is one of the best authors around in my opinion.

I wholly agree with and echo crbowles' views above. That said, Gene Wolfe's stream-of-consciousness writing style takes a bit of getting used to before you start to enjoy the ride so give his books some time to grow on you. I assure you they are worth it.

I recommend Rosemary Kirstein's Steerswoman series, though really this is more SF that resembles fantasy than fantasy for an SF reader. However, anyone who likes either should enjoy it, and it's nice to see science being approached from a low-tech perspective.

However, in some ways, this might be the wrong approach as while there's a lot of overlap, what makes good fantasy can be different from what makes good SF. There's a lot of tedious recycled quest fantasy, but there's also some great stuff out there that does new and original things in the genre, though often with different aims to that of SF. However, a good place to start might be crossover authors - those who write in both genres. With that in mind, a few to check out are:

Lois McMaster Bujold's Curse of Challion series. Bujold is best known for her SF Vorkosigan series, but I think this series is actually her best work. They're set in a world reminiscent of medieval spain, but where the world is presided over by a family of 5 gods (Mother, Father, Daughter, Son, Bastard) who actively intervene in the world through saints who can host miracles. It's an interesting world, with very well done characters and a great story. Three books so far, though onlyloosely connected (the second is set after the first, but focusing on a minor character of that book. The third is almost completely seperate (it's also not as good as the first two, but still worth reading)

Michael Swanwick's The Iron Dragon's Daughter and The Dragon's of Babel. Swanwick's SF also draws on some fantasy elements - eg. read The Stations of the Tide, which has a lot of themes of magic and trickery as well as a lot of "sufficiently advanced" technology in the Clarke sense. His explicit fantasies are beautiful, incredibly original books that in many ways are a reaction against the glut of cookie cutter fantasy. The Iron Dragon's Daughter is set in a faerie world that seems a distorted mirror of our own: magical and mechanical Iron Dragons play the role of fighter jets, but have a dark and malevolent intelligence. One such entangles a changeling girl in his schemes, first to escape the factory where she is enslaved, and then for darker pursuits. Be aware that it's a pretty grim and nihilistically depressing book - it's pretty much a crapsack world, the protagonist is deeply flawed and things go downhill from there. It's definitely worth it though. The Dragon's of Babel is set in the same world, though with a different tone - it tends to be more episodic (a common trait of Swanwick) and while not lighthearted is much less bleak than the first. Other than the world, there's no connection to the first, so these can be read in any order, and this one might actually be the more approachable.

Mary Gentle's Ash: A Secret History. This is an odd clash of genres, with elements of alternate history, SF and fantasy, though some of this develops through the book. It's set in 15th Century Bergundy, and focuses on Ash - a female mercenary captain who hears voices, like Joan of Arc, except that these seem more practical military advice. It's told through the framing story of a historian translating a manuscript, but gradually the history recounted diverges from our own and strange things start occurring. Another book that tends to the grim and gritty side, but an excellent read.

Tim Powers. Not that much of a crossover author (though he's written one post-apocalyptic book) - he mostly writes "secret histories" - books where historical events are glossed with supernatural backstory. Eg. Declare is a cold war spy thriller involving Kim Philby's defection, but all amidst the backdrop of a strange supernatural war between secret agencies and a colony of Djinn. Last Call and The Anubis Gates are probably my favourites. The first is set in Las Vegas where criminal gangs feud over the spiritual kingship of the west, while the protagonist comes to terms with a supernatural poker game played with Tarot cards that has lost him more than he realised. The Anubis Gates is a time-travel books set mostly in Victorian London, and has so many things happening that it's impossible to describe.

If you can find it, John Brunner's The Compleat Traveller in Black is a nice collection of short fantasy stories. Reminded me of Jack Vance's fantasy work - though Jack Vance, if you look at his style, was almost all rich in fantasy. I would recommend any of his work (The Dying Earth) too.

R Scott Baker's Prince of Nothing, all of it. Very intelligent and loaded with dark philosophy, richest apocalyptic back history so terrible it's defining and best use of magic. Not some average stuff.

A few others... C.J.Cherryh's "Morgaine" novels read like straight medieval swords-and-armor adventure, but there's a strong and credible science-fiction story underlying.

The great Fritz Leiber's Fafherd and Gray Mouser stories are pretty straight fantasy, but often incorporate concepts like multiple worlds, interdimensional travels, and even aliens.... Plus they are simply great....

Poul Anderson has done several fantasy themed stories like Three Hearts and Three Lions which are great fun and also include rational descriptions of things like fire-breathing dragons....

They say that the Thorn of Camorr can beat anyone in a fight. They say he steals from the rich and gives to the poor. They say he's part man, part myth, and mostly street-corner rumor. And they are wrong on every count. Only averagely tall, slender, and god-awful with a sword, Locke Lamora is the fabled Thorn, and the greatest weapons at his disposal are his wit and cunning. He steals from the rich - they're the only ones worth stealing from - but the poor can go steal for themselves. What Locke cons, wheedles and tricks into his possession is strictly for him and his band of fellow con-artists and thieves: the Gentleman Bastards. Together their domain is the city of Camorr. Built of Elderglass by a race no-one remembers, it's a city of shifting revels, filthy canals, baroque palaces and crowded cemeteries. Home to Dons, merchants, soldiers, beggars, cripples, and feral children. And to Capa Barsavi, the criminal mastermind who runs the city. But there are whispers of a challenge to the Capa's power. A challenge from a man no one has ever seen, a man no blade can touch. The Grey King is coming. A man would be well advised not to be caught between Capa Barsavi and The Grey King. Even such a master of the sword as the Thorn of Camorr. As for Locke Lamora ...

Johnathan Strange and Mister Norell. Huge and amazing; maybe the best use of footnotes in fantasy history. Funny, scary and inventive cross between an annotated Dickens book and a Magic Returns to England story.

Cold Fire Trilogy by C.S Friedman (the move on to the Magister Trilogy). She has done some pretty decent soft SF in the past and uses a general cause/effect in her various magic systems (which tend to be well reasoned and internally logical which is always a plus).

My sf:fantasy reading ratio is about 2:1. I recently finish Joe Abercrombie's First Law trilogy which I find very entertaining, with great characterization, a lot of wit and some interesting themes. The violence and language may be off putting to conservative readers I guess. Any way, I prefer Abercrombie's prose style to his contemporaries Sanderson's & Rothfuss'.

This books starts out high fantasy but as gets to Hard SF part way though. This book has the big SF ideas along side a strong fantasy adventure. I am recommending this because he covers a lot of trans humanistic themes and he is a great sf writer in the same vein as Greg Egan and Kim Stanley Robinson. And it's free.

The whole time I got the sense that the main character was fairly disconnected from the whole experience. Like he still couldn't, after all that had happened, really believe it was really happening and was treating it all as though it were just a fantasy novel. Stuff like that is why I consider the book to be a deconstruction, or a "realistic" take on getting accepted into magic school.

More recently, you might want to check Patrick Rothfuss's Kingkiller Chronicles. You've got a lot of the classical fantasy trappings, but re-examined and done intelligently, and the attention to details and the language are both simply amazing.

Also, bit of a copout, but check out Jo Walton's Among Others. It's got fairies, so I guess it could be considered fantasy...and if you're a SF reader, you owe it to yourself to read it.

I read very little Fantasy, but I'll recommend Enchantment by Orson Scott Card as well as his entire Alvin Maker series. Enchantment is a very different take on sleeping beauty. The Alvin Maker series is westward expansion in an American past where all the magic and folktales are real.

Ursula K. Leguin has the Earthsea Trilogy. It is among my favorite works of Fantasy. Relatively short and easy to read, and written by one of sci-Fi's greats.

Anything by Brandon Sanderson. Start with the Mistborn trilogy. He is well known for having very detailed and consistent magic systems. Basically, his books are hard fantasy.

Also, Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality (/r/hpmor) - a fanfic by Eliezer Yudkowsky, an AI researcher and a futurist. Imagine what would have happened if Harry was raised by a microbiology professor, spent his childhood reading books on psychology and quantum physics, and was smarter than Ender. Warning: work in progress and not finished yet.

Just finished "Chains of Loss" by Robert Sier. Definitely SF crossed with fantasy, but in a way that should be believable for readers of either genre. I'm positive I found it from a request by the author on Reddit, but damned if I can find the thread now.
Really enjoyed it, but it is the start of a series and ended a bit abruptly.