Pearl Jam Twenty (also known as PJ20) is a 2011 live compilation album by American alternative rock band Pearl Jam and is the soundtrack to the film of the same name. It was released on September 19 in Europe and September 20 in the United States.[4]

^"Czech Albums – Top 100". ČNS IFPI. Note: On the chart page, select 201138 on the field besides the word "Zobrazit", and then click over the word to retrieve the correct chart data. Retrieved March 21, 2013.

1.
Pearl Jam
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Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. Since its inception, the bands line-up has comprised Eddie Vedder, Mike McCready, Stone Gossard, the bands fifth member is drummer Matt Cameron, who has been with the band since 1998. Boom Gaspar has also been a member with the band since 2002. Drummers Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, Dave Abbruzzese and Jack Irons are former members of the band, formed after the demise of Gossard and Aments previous band, Mother Love Bone, Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with its debut album, Ten, in 1991. In 2006, Rolling Stone described the band as having spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame, to date, the band has sold nearly 32 million records in the United States and an estimated 60 million worldwide. Pearl Jam has outlasted and outsold many of its contemporaries from the alternative rock breakthrough of the early 1990s, stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic referred to Pearl Jam as the most popular American rock & roll band of the 90s. Pearl Jam is to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7,2017, Stone Gossard and Jeff Ament were members of pioneering grunge band Green River during the mid-1980s. Green River toured and recorded to moderate success but disbanded in 1987 due to a division between the pair and bandmates Mark Arm and Steve Turner. In late 1987, Gossard and Ament began playing with Malfunkshun vocalist Andrew Wood, in 1988 and 1989, the band recorded and toured to increasing interest and found the support of the PolyGram record label, which signed the band in early 1989. Mother Love Bones debut album, Apple, was released in July 1990, Ament and Gossard were devastated by the death of Wood and the resulting demise of Mother Love Bone. Gossard spent his time writing material that was harder-edged than what he had been doing previously. After a few months, Gossard started practicing with fellow Seattle guitarist Mike McCready, whose band, Shadow, had broken up, after practicing for a while, the trio sent out a five-song demo tape in order to find a singer and a drummer. They gave former Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Jack Irons the demo to see if he would be interested in joining the band, Irons passed on the invitation but gave the demo to his basketball buddy, San Diego, California singer Eddie Vedder. Vedder was the lead vocalist for a San Diego band, Bad Radio and he listened to the tape shortly before going surfing, where lyrics came to him. He then recorded the vocals to three of the songs in what he described as a mini-opera entitled Momma-Son. Vedder sent the tape with his vocals back to the three Seattle musicians, who were impressed enough to fly Vedder up to Seattle for an audition, within a week, Vedder had joined the band. With the addition of Dave Krusen on drums, the band took the name Mookie Blaylock, the band played its first official show at the Off Ramp Café in Seattle on October 22,1990, and soon signed to Epic Records and renamed themselves Pearl Jam. In a 2006 Rolling Stone cover story however, Vedder admitted that this story was total bullshit, Pearl Jam entered Seattles London Bridge Studios in March 1991 to record its debut album, Ten

2.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years

3.
Grunge
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Grunge is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the mid-1980s in the Pacific Northwest U. S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns. The early grunge movement revolved around Seattles independent record label Sub Pop, the success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of rock music at the time. Grunge was also an influence on subsequent genres such as post-grunge, Grunge fuses elements of punk rock and heavy metal, such as the distorted electric guitar used in both genres, although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other. Like these genres, grunge typically uses electric guitar, bass guitar, a drummer, Grunge also incorporates influences from indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth. Lyrics are typically angst-filled and introspective, often addressing themes such as alienation, apathy, concerns about confinement. A number of factors contributed to decline in prominence. During the mid-late 1990s, many grunge bands broke up or became less visible, the word grunge was used in print in prior to the use of the term in mainstream publications to refer to the Seattle music genre. Rock has always been about it, Theres primal grunge. distortion. and fuzz. especially on the underground, a reference to distorted sounds in rock in a general sense. Mark Arm, the vocalist for the Seattle band Green River—and later Mudhoney—is generally credited as being the first to use the term grunge to describe the Seattle genre of music. Arm first used the term in 1981, when he wrote a letter under his given name Mark McLaughlin to the Seattle zine Desperate Times, criticizing his own band Mr. Epp and the Calculations as Pure grunge. Sub Pop called Green Rivers 1986 EP Dry as a Bone ultra-loose GRUNGE that destroyed the morals of a generation, Everett True states that when Arm stated that the streets of Seattle paved with grunge, he was using the term disparagingly. In this use of the word grunge, Arm was using it as an adjective, Arm said years later, Obviously, I didnt make grunge up. I got it from someone else, the term was already being thrown around in Australia in the mid-80s to describe bands like King Snake Roost, The Scientists, Salamander Jim, and Beasts of Bourbon. Arm used grunge as a descriptive rather than a genre term. When grunge first developed, music journalists called it rock, due to the genres focus on impossibly. Evergreen State was a college which did not use grading. Bands from Portland, Oregon, such as the Wipers, also influenced the genres pioneers. Some bands associated with the genre, such as Soundgarden, Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains, have not been receptive to the label, preferring instead to be referred to as rock and roll bands

4.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership

5.
Live on Ten Legs
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Live on Ten Legs is a live album by American alternative rock band Pearl Jam released on 17 January 2011. The album is composed of songs recorded during the bands 2003–2010 world tours, all songs on the album have been remixed by longtime Pearl Jam engineer, Brett Eliason. The album packaging is similar to the official live compilation. Photos of the band in concert are featured on the inside of the cover, a gatefold opens to reveal photos of the road crew and full colour reproductions of various concert posters from the bands tours of this era. Live on Ten Legs has received positive reviews from critics. The album has been described as well-produced, but at the time lacking a real live feel. All lyrics written by Eddie Vedder, except where noted, Live on Ten Legs at Metacritic

6.
9.11.2011 Toronto, Canada
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9.11.2011 Toronto, Canada is a 2011 live album released by American alternative rock band, Pearl Jam. The album was released exclusively as a digital download through Google Play Music on November 10 in anticipation of the official launch of said site on November 16. The album was recorded during Pearl Jams September 11,2011, show in Toronto, the concert commemorated the tenth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. The band was also in Toronto, as their Cameron Crowe-directed documentary and this was the first of two shows played in Toronto on consecutive days during the Pearl Jam Twenty Tour. The opening act for the September 11 and 12 shows was Mudhoney, the concert also marked the first time that Pearl Jam had played Toronto since August 21,2009. All tracks written by Eddie Vedder, except where noted.11.11 Pearl Jam at Google Music Pearl Jam Twenty at IMDb

7.
Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017

8.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website

9.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors

10.
Pearl Jam Twenty
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Pearl Jam Twenty is a 2011 American rockumentary directed by Cameron Crowe about the band Pearl Jam. Preliminary footage was being shot as of June 2010, Crowe completed filming in April 2011, after using 12,000 hours of footage of the band for the documentary. The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and also had an accompanying book, the documentary charts the history of the band, from the demise of Mother Love Bone, their battle against Ticketmaster and the tragedy of the Roskilde Festival in 2000. The film was presented theatrically at select cinemas in the US during the month of September 2011 and it was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 24,2011. A book, written by Jonathan Cohen, was published concurrent to the films release, eddie Vedder Stone Gossard Jeff Ament Mike McCready Matt Cameron Chris Cornell Kurt Cobain Neil Young The film soundtrack includes live recordings from 1990 through 2010. Pearl Jam 20 at the Internet Movie Database

11.
Alive (Pearl Jam song)
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Alive is the debut single by American rock band Pearl Jam. Alive also appears on the debut album, Ten. Written by guitarist Stone Gossard, Alive originated as an instrumental titled Dollar Short and was included on a demo tape circulated in hopes of finding a singer for the group, Alive charted at number 16 in the UK. Remixed versions of the song were included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, Rearviewmirror, the song peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Guitarist Stone Gossard wrote the music for the song, which he titled Dollar Short, according to Gossard in an interview for Pearl Jams VH1 Storytellers special, Mother Love Bone frontman Andrew Wood had even sung on it. After Wood died of an overdose, Gossard and his bandmate Jeff Ament started playing with guitarist Mike McCready with the hope of starting a new band. Dollar Short was one of five tracks compiled onto a tape called Stone Gossard Demos 91 that Gossard, Ament, and McCready circulated in the hopes of finding a singer and drummer for the group. The tape made its way into the hands of vocalist Eddie Vedder and he listened to the tape shortly before going surfing, where lyrics came to him. Alive was the first song for which Vedder recorded vocals, Vedder mailed the tape back to Seattle. Upon hearing the tape, the band invited Vedder to come to Seattle, the band, then called Mookie Blaylock, recorded Alive during a demo session at London Bridge studio in January 1991. The version recorded during this session would later appear on the debut album, Ten. During album mixing sessions in England in June 1991, mixer Tim Palmer had McCready add to the outro solo. McCready recorded a number of attempts at the solo, and Palmer edited them into a composite version, the guitarist was unsatisfied with the result, so he made another attempt at the solo. He had another go at it, Palmer recalled, and got it right away, there was no piecing together to do, it was one take. Alive is in the key of A major and features a guitar solo after its third chorus. The solo for Alive, performed by McCready, was ranked number 44 on Guitar Worlds list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Solos, during many live shows he has been known to break into the outro lead solo for Black Sabbaths War Pigs. The song is the first piece to a trilogy of songs in what Vedder later described as a mini-opera entitled Mamasan and it is composed of the songs Alive, Once, and Footsteps. This leads to Once in which the man descends into madness and goes on a killing spree, Alive has been revealed by Vedder to be part autobiographical and part fiction

12.
MTV Unplugged
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MTV Unplugged is an American television series showcasing musical artists usually playing acoustic instruments. The show has received the George Foster Peabody Award and 3 Primetime Emmy nominations among many accolades, MTV launched MTV Unplugged in 1989. The show featured musicians performing unplugged versions of their electric repertoire, many of these performances were subsequently released as albums, often featuring the title Unplugged. The direct inspiration for the series came in the immediately preceding the creation of the MTV program. The catalyst was a series of highly publicized unplugged performances that occurred in the late 1970s, the performances were widely seen and heard on the 1980 live album and the UK-only movie of the benefit and inspired other rock performers to emulate Townshend. The 1982 live album of performances and the US version of The Secret Policemans Other Ball movie both became very successful and were widely seen and heard in the USA. The phenomenon of rock stars re-creating their hits in a manner was thus well established by the early 1980s though the word unplugged had not yet been applied to the concept. In addition, the late 1980s saw a renewed interest in folk, many new acts established during the period had a strong folk/acoustic influence, e. g. Sinéad OConnor, Suzanne Vega, Lyle Lovett, Michael Penn, Enya, and Bruce Hornsby and the Range. The first rock artist to perform in a mode on MTV was Jethro Tull. XTC performed acoustically in May 1989, and Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora performed Livin on a Prayer, the pilot and first seven episodes were produced by Bruce Leddy, after which Associate Producer Alex Coletti took over for the remainder of the series. After the first 13 episodes, the role of host was eliminated, the show was produced by Viacom and RSE Inc and was most frequently directed by Milton Lage and Beth McCarthy. The series first aired November 26,1989, featuring Squeeze, Syd Straw, the first 13 episodes were hosted by American singer-songwriter Jules Shear and featured Aerosmith, Elton John, Sinéad OConnor, Poison and Stevie Ray Vaughan among others. Paul McCartneys 1991 appearance was released on the Unplugged album. Show producer Alex Coletti went on to say that had McCartney not released it, joe Walsh appeared on the show in 1990 with Dr. John. MTV invited Henley to perform on the show, but Henley wanted to have a show featuring only himself, at that point, MTV was sharing the time between different artists. On April 10,1991, Unplugged aired its first ever acoustic rap show, the special kicked off with individual performances by LL Cool J along with MC Lyte, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest and a five piece back-up band, Pops Cool Love. The highlight of the show was LL Cool Js energetic renditions of Jingling Baby, in 1992, Mariah Carey performed a cover version of The Jackson 5s hit Ill Be There along with backup singer Trey Lorenz

13.
Not for You
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Not for You is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam, released on March 21,1995 as the second single from the bands third studio album, Vitalogy. Although credited to all members of Pearl Jam, it was written by vocalist Eddie Vedder. The song peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, the song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror. Guitarist Mike McCready on Not for You, Tom Petty sent me this amazing 12-string Rickenbacker and it was like a Christmas present. One day it just showed up at my door, I called him up and thanked him. But its a cool song—an Eddie song, vocalist Eddie Vedder about Not for You, I believe. that there is something sacred about youth, and the song is about how youth is being sold and exploited. I think I felt like I had become part of that too, maybe thats why sometimes I have a hard time with the TV end of music and much of the media and the magazines. When I pick up a magazine, I just count how many pages of ads before the first article starts and you go one, two. up to fifteen to twenty or more. And then in the back you have phone sex ads, so Ive pretty much had it. I dont want to be the medicine show where we go out and do the song and dance and someone else drops the back of the wagon. I dont want our music to sell anything—or anyone else use it, there are a lot of middlemen, somewhere between the band and the audience. We also dont want to be part of all the tools or whatever. On the first album and thats probably why we are where we are now, in another interview, Vedder stated, These attitudes out there. that its the industrys music. And everybody in between, theyre the distributors, I think that something like a music channel can be very powerful. Sometimes they think theyre the ones who decide whats heard, I think thats a dangerous situation. And, I think, whats more dangerous is that they think it belongs to them, thats probably what Not for You is about. Not for You was released as a single in 1995 with a previously unreleased B-side titled Out of My Mind, the song peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number 38 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Austria, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, South Africa, Not for You reached the top 40 in the UK and peaked at number 29 on the Australian Singles Chart

14.
Do the Evolution
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Do the Evolution is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard, Do the Evolution is the track on the bands fifth studio album. Despite the lack of a single release, the song managed to reach number 33 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, do the Evolution features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard. Bassist Jeff Ament does not appear on the track, Gossard recorded the bass line for the track. Vedder said that it is his song from Yield. He stated, I can listen to it like its some band that just came out of nowhere, I was able to listen to it as an outside observer and just really play it over and over. Maybe because I was singing it from a person so it didnt really feel like me singing. When speaking about Do the Evolution, Vedder stated, That song is all about someone whos drunk with technology and its another one Im not singing as myself. Pearl Jam has stated that the novel Ishmael influenced the writing of Yield, and according to the writer, Daniel Quinn. Vedder stated, This Daniel Quinn book, Ishmael. Ive never recommended a book before and my whole year has been kind of with these thoughts in mind. And on a level, that man has been on this planet for 3 million years. And that were about to celebrate the year 2000, which is this, so heres this number line, heres what we know and celebrate. This book is a conversation with a man and an ape, and the ape really has it all together. He kinda knows the differences between him and the man, and points out how slight they are, and it creates an analogy for what man has done. That man is the thing on this earth. That the earth was around even so much longer before the 3 million years, fifty million years of sharks and all these living things. Then man comes out of the muck, and 3 million years later hes standing, which is just a speck on this line

15.
Le Noise
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Le Noise is the thirty-first studio album by Canadian musician Neil Young, released on September 28,2010. The album was recorded in Los Angeles and produced by Daniel Lanois, Lanois stated in an interview with Rolling Stone that We cut a couple of solo acoustic songs, but the rest is very electric and Theres no band, but I got in there with my sonics. On August 20, Young posted to Facebook the release date for different formats, a music video for the track Angry World was premiered on September 14,2010. A music video for Hitchhiker was also premiered on September 17,2010, the video for Love And War was released on September 20,2010 and the video for Walk With Me on September 22,2010. The track Angry World won a Grammy Award for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance, the album was placed 2nd on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 10,000 copies in the first week of release. Le Noise received generally positive reviews with Uncut magazine proclaiming it as the second best album of 2010 in its year-end Top 50 Albums list and this album was number 20 on Rolling Stones list of the 30 Best Albums of 2010. The album was named as a nominee for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize. All songs written and composed by Neil Young, Neil Young, Walk With Me -- Video Premiere The Making of Le Noise on YouTube

16.
Neil Young
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Neil Percival Young, OC OM, is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter. Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960, in 1966, after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds, he moved to Los Angeles, where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Young had released two albums by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1969, in addition to two as a member of Buffalo Springfield. From his early albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums. Youngs often-distorted electric guitar work, deeply personal lyrics and signature tenor singing voice transcend his long career, Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums which frequently combine folk, rock, blues and other musical styles. Known to rip up live set lists, Young often plays acoustic versions of songs in one show and his gritty guitar work, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname Godfather of Grunge and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently Young has been backed by Promise of the Real, Young directed films using the pseudonym Bernard Shakey, including Journey Through the Past, Rust Never Sleeps, Human Highway, Greendale, and CSNY/Déjà Vu. He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia and Dead Man, Young has received several Grammy and Juno awards. The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice, as a solo artist in 1995, in 2000, Rolling Stone named Young the 34th greatest rock n roll artist. He has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship and he was awarded the Order of Manitoba on July 14,2006, and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 30,2009. Young was born on November 12,1945, in Toronto and his father, Scott Alexander Young, was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction. His mother, Edna Blow Ragland Rassy Young was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry. Youngs parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and their first son, shortly after Youngs birth in 1945, his family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which Young later described fondly as a sleepy little place. Young suffered from polio in 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, after his recovery, the Young family vacationed in Florida. During that period, Young briefly attended Chisolm Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, in 1952, upon returning to Canada, Young moved from Omemee to Winnipeg for a year, before relocating to Toronto and Pickering. Young became interested in music he heard on the radio. When Young was twelve, his father, who had several extramarital affairs and his mother asked for a divorce which was granted in 1960. Young went to live with his mother, who moved back to Winnipeg, during the mid-fifties, Young listened to rock n roll, rockabilly, doo-wop, R&B, country, and western pop

17.
Just Breathe (song)
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Just Breathe is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Just Breathe was released on October 31,2009 as the single from the bands ninth studio album. The single was released as a double A-side along with the song Got Some, the song was triggered by a chord from Tuolumne, an instrumental from Eddie Vedders soundtrack for the 2007 film Into the Wild. It peaked at five on the Billboard Rock chart and number six on the Billboard Alternative chart. On January 22,2014, Just Breathe was certified platinum in sales by the RIAA. It is the bands first platinum-certified song

18.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects

19.
Say Hello 2 Heaven
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Say Hello 2 Heaven is a song by the American rock band Temple of the Dog. Written by vocalist Chris Cornell, Say Hello 2 Heaven was released in 1991 as the single from the bands sole studio album. The song reached number five on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, Cornell wrote Say Hello 2 Heaven as a tribute to his roommate, Mother Love Bone vocalist Andrew Wood, who at the time had recently died of a heroin overdose. The recordings were originally planned to be released merely as a single before Temple of the Dog formed and decided to more music. Cornell stated, Right after Andy died, we went to Europe, and it was horrible, because I couldnt talk about it, I wrote two songs, Reach Down and Say Hello 2 Heaven. That was pretty much how I dealt with it, when we came back, I recorded them right away. They seemed different from what Soundgarden naturally does, and they seemed to fit together and they seemed like music he would like. I got the idea to them as a single, and to get at least Stone and Jeff, or all of Love Bone. I had the idea for a days, then, with an artists lack of self-confidence. Somehow those guys heard the tape, and they were really, really excited, Say Hello 2 Heaven peaked at number five on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Germany, david Browne of Entertainment Weekly called the song something of an alternative-rock power ballad. Say Hello 2 Heaven was first performed live at the bands November 13,1990 concert in Seattle, Cornell added Say Hello 2 Heaven to his solo live set in 2007. All songs written by Chris Cornell

20.
Temple of the Dog
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Stone Free, A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix is a 1993 album recorded by various artists in tribute to Jimi Hendrix. The artists were drawn from genres of popular music. According to the notes, the artists were encouraged to not only record one of their own personal favorites. Several artists recorded radically different interpretations, particularly, P. M. Dawn, The Cure, Nigel Kennedy, some artists, on the other hand, recorded versions that were rather similar to the originals. The band M. A. C. C. is made up of Mike McCready, Jeff Ament, Matt Cameron, the cover of Hey Baby is their only known recording. All four members of group had previously worked together on the Temple of the Dog project. Eric Claptons backing group on the track includes the three original core members of Chic and is the last recording on which all three played together. All tracks written by Jimi Hendrix, except track five

21.
Alice in Chains
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Alice in Chains is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1987 by guitarist and songwriter Jerry Cantrell and original lead vocalist Layne Staley. The initial lineup was rounded out by drummer Sean Kinney and bassist Mike Starr, although widely associated with grunge music, the bands sound incorporates heavy metal elements. Since its formation, Alice in Chains has released five studio albums, the band is known for its distinctive vocal style, which often included the harmonized vocals of Staley and Cantrell. Alice in Chains rose to fame as part of the grunge movement of the early 1990s, along with other Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam. The band was one of the most successful acts of the 1990s, selling over 20 million records worldwide. In 1992 the bands album, Dirt, was released to critical acclaim and was certified quadruple platinum. Their third album, Alice in Chains, was released in 1995 and has been certified double platinum and it achieved No.1 position on the Billboard 200 chart. The band has had 14 top ten songs on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, although never officially disbanding, Alice in Chains was plagued by extended inactivity from 1996 onwards due to Staleys substance abuse, which resulted in his death in 2002. The band reunited in 2005 for a benefit show, performing with a number of guest vocalists. They toured in 2006, with William DuVall taking over as lead vocalist full-time, the new line-up released the bands fourth studio album, Black Gives Way to Blue, in 2009. The album received gold certification by the RIAA, in 2013, the band released The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here, its fifth studio album. The band has toured extensively and released videos in support of these albums. Alice in Chains is currently working on their studio album. Other members of this group at that time were guitarists Johnny Bacolas and Zoli Semanate, drummer James Bergstrom and this was prompted by a conversation that Bacolas had with a singer from another band about backstage passes. Staley met guitarist Jerry Cantrell while working with Alice N Chains at Music Bank rehearsal studios, the two struggling musicians became roommates, living in a rehearsal space they shared. Alice N Chains soon disbanded, and Staley joined a band that also required a guitarist at the time. Staley asked Cantrell to join as a sideman, Cantrell agreed on condition that Staley join Cantrells band, which at the time included drummer Sean Kinney and bassist Mike Starr. Local promoter Randy Hauser became aware of the band at a concert, however, one day before the band was due to record at the Music Bank studio in Washington, police shut down the studio during the biggest cannabis raid in the history of the state

22.
Given to Fly
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Given to Fly is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Given to Fly proved to be the albums most popular single, the song topped the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and eventually peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song spent a total of six weeks at one on the Mainstream Rock chart. The song was included on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, Given to Fly features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Mike McCready, although loosely based on Led Zeppelins Going to California. McCready said he came up with the riff after being stuck in his condo on a snowy day in Seattle. McCready on the song, It was snowing here in Seattle, which it rarely does, and so they kind of shut down all the streets and I couldnt get my car out of the driveway. And I have a Volvo and youd think those would be able to drive in the snow, and I wrote that riff and the Faithfull riff that day. The main riff is written in the DADGAD alternate tuning, and thats metaphorically how I think of that song. Drummer Jack Irons stated that on Given to Fly, I play a beat thats based around the toms, im not sure I would have been comfortable playing that way a few years ago. Vedder about Given to Fly, a 20-page cardboard book with a line on each page and a picture to go with it. The music almost gives you this feeling of flight, and I really love singing the part at the end, not becoming bitter and reclusive, not condemning the whole world because of the actions of a few. Given to Fly was released as a single in December 1997 with a previously unreleased B-side titled Leatherman, Given to Fly was featured in a commercial advertising Yield which emulated the albums cover art. Given to Fly became the most successful song from Yield on the American rock charts, the song peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100, number one on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and number three on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song spent a total of six weeks at one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Outside the United States, the single was released commercially in Australia, Austria, Japan, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Given to Fly also reached number 23 on the Canadian Year End Alternative Top 50. Given to Fly reached the UK Top 20 and peaked at number 13 on the Australian Singles Chart. Given to Fly reached number 67 in Germany, the top 40 in the Netherlands and Switzerland, the top 30 in Sweden and it was a moderate top 20 success in Ireland and New Zealand. In Allmusics review of the Given to Fly single, it was stated that Given to Fly is an epic that goes a long way in conveying Yields majestic splendor

23.
Nothing as It Seems
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Nothing as It Seems is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Written by bassist Jeff Ament, Nothing as It Seems was released on April 25,2000 as the first single from the sixth studio album. The song peaked at three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song also appears on Pearl Jams 2004 greatest hits album, Nothing as It Seems was written by bassist Jeff Ament. Ament plays upright bass on the song giving it an atmospheric feel. Guitarist Mike McCready used a Fender Pedal for the song provided the song with its distorted sounds. The song was recorded using binaural recording techniques, and was produced by Tchad Blake, Ament on the song, It was just a little ditty on a demo that I kind of played some hand drums on, and had this little song. Actually, I spent quite a bit of time with the lyrics, there were little sections of the song I definitely heard Mike doing his thing, so I kinda said, Hey, man, you need to write a theme for these little sections. Its pretty cool to see a little song that I wrote being played by everyone, I mean, I can almost kind of stand back and just watch this great band play a song. and take it to a completely different level. Mike and Ed, they have that ability where they can raise the level of anything that they play. Jeff Aments original demo of Nothing as It Seems is a track on disc 2 of Pearl Jams soundtrack to their documentary Pearl Jam Twenty directed by Cameron Crowe, Ament revealed that he wrote Nothing as It Seems about his childhood growing up in a rural area of Northern Montana. In one interview, he called it a dark, heavy tale and stated, For me, its a song about judgment and not always understanding what is going on with another person. In another interview, he elaborated further, Its a little bit reflecting on where I came from. I grew up in rural area in Northern Montana. In the last couple of years, I had just seen Affliction and I had just read Nine Below Zero by this guy, Kevin Canty, all very kind of rural things that unearthed a lot of stuff. Is just kind of came out. Im just now starting to actually really analyze what I was talking about. because I still dont really have a grip on that. Regarding the choice of Nothing as It Seems as the bands first single from Binaural, vocalist Eddie Vedder explained and it actually felt like we were offering them something fairly challenging. Nothing as It Seems was the most successful song from Binaural on the American rock charts, the song peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100, number three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, and number ten on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart

24.
ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk

25.
Top of the Shops
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The Top of the Shops or TOTS are the main Croatian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Croatian Phonographic Association HDU. The charts are a record of the highest selling albums in various genres in Croatia, TOTS became the official Croatian album chart in January 2006. There are also silver and diamond certifications for selling 3,500 and 30,000 copies respectively, TOTS Charts home page Croatian Phonographic Association home page Charts archive from 2006

26.
GfK Entertainment Charts
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The GfK Entertainment Charts are the official music charts in Germany and are gathered and published by GfK Entertainment GmbH on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Following a lawsuit in March 2014 by Media Control AG, Media Control® GfK International had to change its name, dissemination of the charts is conducted by various media outlets, some of which include VIVA music channel, and the Swiss charts website. Other entities that present the charts are MusicLoad and MIX1, furthermore, GfK Entertainment also runs a dedicated website providing chart-related news and access to most of the charts. Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called Der Musikmarkt, since 1959, the growing desire to have a well-developed music program has made Bundesverband Musikindustrie work together with charts providers to improve the way the charts are determined. For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which Media Control, hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine Der Musikmarkt in September 1977. Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots, since 1989, however, GfK Entertainment has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, now called Offizielle Top 100 Charts. In 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles, Media Control developed Music Video charts in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as DVD charts. While music-videos have their own charts, in 2001, GfK Entertainment made it possible for the music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was available for music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for the DVD chart only, in the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart. In 2003, Media Control joined forces with GfK, thus the name officially being changed to Media Control GfK International GmbH. In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads, digital-only releases came into existence on 13 July 2007, for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of music downloads as before. Thus, the albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number-one position on the charts. In March 2014, GfK announced that the official chart providers name in Germany will change from Media Control GfK International GmbH to GfK Entertainment, there are currently 3,000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to GfK Entertainment via communication network channel and this is the list of categories, for each of which charts are provided by GfK Entertainment

27.
Irish Recorded Music Association
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The Irish Recorded Music Association is a non-profit association set up in 1999 to manage and control the music industry in the Republic of Ireland. On 12 June 2013, IRMA secured an Order of the High Court to block access to The Pirate Bay to all Irish internet users in the Republic of Ireland, IRMA operates to promote and protect the welfare and interests of the Irish record industry. Specifically, IRMA is involved in lobbying to protect and enhance the interest of member companies, in the past IRMA have organised The IRMA Honours, an awards ceremony which honours the life work of Irelands leading musicians and people who have influenced the Irish music industry. Past recipients include Bob Geldof, Larry Gogan and Christy Moore, IRMA also compile and manage the official music charts for the Republic of Ireland. These include, Top 100 Albums, Top 100 Singles, Top 10 Classical Albums, Top 10 Dance Singles, Top 20 Multi-Artist Compilation Albums, Top 30 Videos, Top 20 DVDs and Top 10 Music DVDS. On 12 April 2005, the association began to take action against serial filesharers in the Republic of Ireland who illegally distribute music on the Internet. On 15 November 2005, the IRMA began Phase II of its plan to battle filesharing, only Irish companies can become members of the IRMA. All members pay a fee based on company size. Currently, the IRMA has 51 member companies, in the mid-1990s IRMA presented the IRMA Music Awards. These have been replaced by the music awards show Meteor Ireland Music Awards. IRMA and Eircom reached an agreement over file sharing which uses a third-party organisation to monitor Eircom users for downloading of infringing music, the agreed system was reported to use a three-strikes-and-youre-out system. The agreement was criticised by Digital Rights Ireland and IrelandOffline, protests against the actions of IRMA are being organised by Digital Rights Ireland, as well as Blackout Ireland. The trusts main initiative is the Instrument Bank, which provides music instruments to young people, particularly to young people who live in disadvantaged communities throughout Ireland

28.
Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana
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The Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana is an umbrella organization that keeps track of virtually all aspects of the music recording industry in Italy. It was established in 1992, when major corporate labels left the previously existing Associazione dei Fonografici Italiani, during the following years, most of the remaining Italian record labels left AFI to join the new organization. As of 2011, FIMI represents 2,500 companies operating in the music business, FIMI is a member of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry and of the Italian employers federation, Confindustria. Its main purpose is to protect the interests of the Italian record industry, starting in March 1995, the Italian Music Industry Federation began providing the Italian official albums chart. In January 1997, FIMI also became the provider of the Italian official singles chart, due to the decrease of CD singles sales in Italy, FIMI replaced its physical singles chart with a digital downloads chart—based on legal internet and mobile downloads—on 1 January 2008. In July 2011, Enzo Mazza was confirmed as FIMI chairman, the Italian Music Industry Federation compiled its first album chart in March 1995. Issued on 7 March 1995, it was based on sales between 23 February 1995 and 1 March 1995 and this period coincided with the first week of sales for the albums released by the 45th Sanremo Music Festival contestants, the most important music event in Italy. The first number-one album was Bruce Springsteens Greatest Hits, between 1995 and 2009, the FIMI Album Chart was based on data provided by Nielsen. From January 2010, the FIMI Album Charts positions have been derived from GfK Retail, in 1995, the chart was based on data digitally gathered by 130 sellers. The number of sellers was later increased and, as of 2011, starting from 14 October 2011, the FIMI Albums Chart also includes digital sales. In March 1995, alongside the FIMI Album Chart, the Italian Music Industry Federation also began the FIMI Compilations Chart and these albums are not included in the FIMI Album Chart. The first number-one was Sanremo 95, released by RTI Music, in January 1997, the Italian Music Industry Federation also started an official singles chart. The first number-one single was Depeche Modes Barrel of a Gun, compiled by Nielsen, the chart listed the best-selling physical singles in Italy, but on 1 January 2008 it was replaced by the Top Digital Download, listing the best-selling digital singles. The last number one on the physical FIMI Singles Chart was The Singles Collection by Vasco Rossi, the Italian DVD Chart was established by the Italian Music Industry Federation in October 2003. The first Italian DVD Chart listed only the first ten positions, as of July 2011, it lists the 20 best-selling music DVDs in Italy, and is compiled by ACNielsen. On 10 April 2006, FIMI published the first chart listing the best-selling digital singles in Italy, compiled by Nielsen SoundScan, the chart was based on data provided by 10 digital stores. The first number-one single was Sei nellanima by Gianna Nannini, due to the decrease of CD singles sales in Italy, on 1 January 2008 the Top Digital Download became the Italian official singles chart, replacing the chart based on physical sales. A certification system has existed in Italy since the mid 1970s, during that period, albums had to sell 500,000 units to qualify for a Silver status, while for Gold, the requirement was 1,000,000 units

29.
Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry
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Founded in 1991, it is authorized by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage to act as a rights management organization in the field of phonogram and videogram producers rights. ZPAV publishes the Polish Music Charts and awards music recording sales certifications and it also issues the Fryderyk annual award for Polish music. ZPAV was officially founded on July 11,1991, following the recognition of the IFPI given in June of that year, in February 1995 ZPAV was authorized by the Polish Ministry of Culture to act as a rights management organization in the field of phonogram and videogram producers rights. This was followed in December with the right to collect a share of the 3% blank media tax,1995 also marked the beginning of awarding music awards by ZPAV. The first gold and platinum awards were granted by ZPAV in February 1995, the Fryderyk annual award was presented for the first time in March. In 1996 ZPAV started signing agreements about collecting commissions for the broadcasting of sound recordings, agreements with Telewizja Polska and the main commercial radio stations were signed in 1997 and with Polskie Radio in 1999. Agreements with other commercial premises where music is played were signed starting in 2002, commissions were first distributed to the producers in 1998. In 1998, together with the Foundation for the Protection of Audiovisual Works, in 2000, ZPAV published the first official Polish record chart, OLiS. Airplay monitoring starts when an agreement with Nielsen Music Control is signed in 2006, ZPAV publishes two official album charts, OLiS, a weekly chart based on retail sales data, and Top 100, a monthly chart based on data received from the album companies. It also publishes the Official Polish Airplay Chart, provided by Nielsen Music Control Airplay Services, the first gold and platinum awards were granted by ZPAV in February 1995, gold to Marysia Biesiadna by Maryla Rodowicz and platinum to Three Tenors Live by The Three Tenors. The diamond award was first presented in July 2000 to Kayah i Bregović by Serbian musician Goran Bregović, the current certification thresholds are as follows. The main numbers are for releases since July 2005, and the thresholds for releases prior to that are in parenthesis, ZPAV also awards multiple Platinum awards, up to the amount which rewards a Diamond award. For boxed sets, each piece in the set counts as one unit, the awards also take into account digital downloads, where ten downloads of any title in the album count as an album sold. An archive of all the awarded by ZPAV is available at the website. Note that the thresholds above were set some time in the 2000s, for instance, at last until August 2003 there were no different thresholds for foreign and Polish material. Furthermore, the threshold for albums at least until September 2001 were different, the Fryderyk is the annual award in Polish music. Its status in the Polish public can be compared to the American Grammy, the Fryderyk was established by ZPAV in 1994 and presented for the first time in 1995. Since 2007 it is organized by STX Records, since 2010 ZPAV also awards a Digital Song of the Year award, which is awarded to the best selling digital song in two categories, Polish songs and foreign songs

30.
Official Charts Company
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The OCC is operated jointly by the British Phonographic Industry and the Entertainment Retailers Association. Since 1 July 1997, CIN and then the OCC have compiled the official charts, prior to this date, the charts were produced by a succession of market research companies, beginning with the British Market Research Bureau in 1969, and later by Gallup. All of the OCCs charts are published weekly on Friday nights, from 3 August 1969 until 5 July 2015, the chart week ran from Sunday to Saturday. Genre-specific charts include UK Dance Chart, UK Indie Chart, UK R&B Chart, UK Rock Chart, the Scottish Singles and Albums Charts ― and the former Welsh Singles and Albums Chart ― appears in listings within the Official Charts Company. It is a regional listing reflecting how sales towards the UK Singles Chart, the Welsh Singles and Album Chart served the same purpose in Wales. It also charts the UK DVD Chart and UK Budget Album Chart, while their music charts are now Friday to Thursday, their video charts remain Sunday to Saturday. On 5 September 2008, the Official UK Charts Company rebranded itself as the Official Charts Company and it later dropped the word Company and became just Official Charts. From May 2012, a new chart was launched – the Official Streaming Chart and this counts audio streams from streaming services Spotify, Deezer, Blinkbox Music, Napster, amongst others. In April 2015, the UKs first vinyl record chart was launched by the Official Charts Company due to the surge of interest in the sector. The chart was launched following the growth of the sector in the UK for the year in a row. Beginning in 2017 the Official Charts Company changed its methodology for calculating the Top 40, prior to January 2017,100 streams counted as one sale of a song. From January onward, the ratio became 150,1, UK Albums Chart UK Singles Chart UK Video Charts UK Singles Downloads Chart UK Album Downloads Chart British Phonographic Industry Official Charts Company website