The Detraining and Training Effects of Different Training Programs on Selected Bio-Motor Abilities of College Level Football Players

Article excerpt

Introduction

Football is the most popular game in the world. It is played all over the world round the year. Since the game has become more professional and more competitive, it requires a high degree of fitness combined with supreme skill level. Fitness for soccer cannot be determined by a single parameter, since the game demands a large ensemble of physical, physiological and psychological capabilities. Fitness profiles are likely to vary within the playing season; and the emphasis placed on different components of fitness will change with the stage of the season. Variables linked with fitness are influenced not just by training regimes but also by the stimulus provided by competing regularly

Biomotor abilities are the foundations of ability of an individual to perform an exercise - strength, endurance, speed, coordination, flexibility and agility The contribution of the biomotor abilities to the attainment of high performance is determined by 2 factors; the ratio between them as a reflection of the specifics of the sport and, by the level of development of each ability according to its degree of participation in performing the sport/event. (Dawson 2003)

In modern training scenario, Plyometric training has been using a very result oriented tool in developing the speed and quickness of soccer players. In plyometric exercises, a muscle is rapidly contracted and lengthened, and then immediately contracted and shortened further. Plyometric exercises force the muscles to contract rapidly from a full stretch position. (Donald A. Chu)

In the simplest of terms, plyometrics are exercises or drills that involve a jumping movement, sometimes referred to as "jump training." Examples of these types of exercises include skipping, bounding, jumping rope, hopping, lunges, jump squats, sprinting, and clap push-ups. Three components of soccer that can be improved through plyometric training are speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ). If coaches are using these kind of exercises they could improve their teams' performance by easily adding some simple exercises at the appropriate time,

Method

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Plyometrics training and SAQ training followed by detraining on selected Bio-motor abilities of college level soccer players. To achieve this purpose, thirty male soccer players of different colleges between 18 and 26 years of age were selected as subjects. The biomotor variables (dependent variables) selected for the study were speed, explosive strength, speed endurance, strength endurance, and agility which are stated in table 1.

The season of training period was divided into three. The first training season was later pre-season, which consisted of four weeks of training with three days (three sessions) of training and before the training session was a rest day. After the training session, the minor games based on the soccer skill were given to the subjects. The second training season was the In-season, which consisted of two weeks with two days (two sessions) of training and before the training session was a rest day. The subjects of SAQ group, Plyometric group and control Group were made to undergo their training programs. The third training season was in the closed-season, which consisted of two weeks. The subjects of SAQ group, Plyometric group and control Group were made to undergo the minor games. Each work out session was lasted for 60-75 minutes. After the first half of the training five minutes were given as the rest period. The data collected was analyzed statistically by using Analysis of covariance (ANACOVA) to find out the significance difference. In all conditions the significant level was fixed at 0.05 levels.

Results & Discussion:

The results of the study indicate that after the six weeks period of training programme strength endurance has been improved in both SAQ and plyometric training group. The study also indicate that after the completion of six weeks period of soccer training programme leg strength improved for both SAQ group and Plyometric group. …