Konferenzbeitrag (7)

The integration of decentralized energy resources is associated with new challenges for the operation of low voltage distribution grids. At the same time, the interconnection of these systems offers large potential for providing smart grid services to increase power quality and grid stabilization in areas with a high pene-tration of renewable energy sources. Therefore, new operation strategies for photovoltaic inverters are presented in combination with building energy management systems. The effect of a locally controlled feed-in is discussed based on simulation results of exemplary rural grid structures.

The growing share of fluctuating power generation by renewable resources and the increasing distribution of battery electric vehicles require the integration of intelligent Energy Management Systems (EMS) into the electrical power grid. Smart Homes will be equipped with controllable consumers, suppliers and storages to realize a flexible consumption and supply of thermal and electrical energy. In this challenge, the interactive integration of the smart home’s resident is essential to reduce comfort losses to a minimum. In this paper, we present a generic Energy Management Panel (EMP) providing the connection between the resident and the EMS and its integration into the EMS of a real smart home. The integrated approach considers thermal and electrical energy flows concurrently. In this way, the EMP provides an efficient operation of the EMS complying with the individual constraints of the resident.

Integrating high shares of renewable resources into the electricity system requires a more flexible demand, espe-cially more load-shifting in residential households. In order to achieve that different technologies, especially smart meters with various feedback functions, are tested on the market. So far little is known about the effects of a combination of different smart home technologies, such as smart appliances and an automated energy management system, that go beyond of providing households with feedback regarding their energy demand. Using an experimental design, test-residents lived in a smart home on KIT’s campus for several weeks. The results confirm the importance of real-time feedback systems for shifting loads, but indicate that other smart home technologies are helpful to maintain convenience in everyday life. For future design of smart home technologies it can be concluded that they have to satisfy information needs, provide cost-saving potential, secure high levels of flexibility and enable an easy use in everyday life.

Micro-CHP units can cover the growing demand for flexible power generation to a large extent and increase the efficiency of energy production [OOR08]. However, most of the current systems are controlled either by the local demand for heat or for electrical power in the associated building. The combination of these two strategies opens up additional potential for micro-CHPs by integrating electric storages (e.g. batteries of electric vehicles) and thermal storages.
The paper will discuss the potential of integrat-ing intelligent control systems for micro-CHPs into the energy management system for smart-homes. The control will be based on information about the local current and predicted energy demand as well as on the demand of the whole energy grid.
For the development of the control algorithms, a micro-CHP with a thermal storage has been in-tegrated into a simulation environment for smart-homes. The simulation environment is based on an Observer/Controller-architecture (O/C-architecture) derived from the field of organic computing.

In this paper, we focus on a real world scenario of managing electrical demand sets of a smart-home. External signals, reecting the low voltage grid's state, are used to support the challenge of balancing energy demand and generation. To manage the smart-home's appliances and to integrate electric vehicles as energy storages decentralized control systems are investigated.