July 12, 2013

Framework of the Indian Government- challenges before the framing our constitution

how to
divide the powers of the government. Many pressing questions had to be tackled
-

Who will make the
laws?

Who will implement
the laws?

Who will make sure
that the laws are for the good of the people?

Framers in search of answers were inspired by the American
Constitution divided the government into three branches:

the legislativebranch,

the executivebranch and

the judicialbranch.

Characteristics of each branch ( Why our government was divided
into three branches?)

Each
branch is granted specific powers and responsibilities.

responsibility
of each branch is to maintain a control or checkover
the activities of the other branches.

ensure
that no one branch gets to be too powerful;

each
branch is balanced.

The Indian
government can be regarded as a tree, with the Constitution as its trunk or
base, and the three branches extending from the trunk which constituted the
people of India.

Basic features of the three branches of our government:

Legislative Branch : Makes(frames) the laws to
govern our country. It also checks the executive and judicial branches.

Executive Branch: Carries(executes) out the laws
passed by the legislative branch.

Judicial Branch : Headed by the Supreme Court,
the judicial branch interprets the laws of the country. It also checks abuse of
power by the legislative and executive branches.

Why the constitution has separated the administrative power of the
government into State Government and Central Government?

India is
a vast country divided into a number of States. Therefore it is not possible
for a single governing body, seated in national capital to attend the needs of
every people in India.

Thus,
each State has a government -State
Government- of
its own which maintains law and order and implements community develop­ment and
educational programmes.

But in matters
of national importance such as military (i.e., defence of the country), finance
(foreign exchange, currency, income tax etc.), railways and postal services,
the State is controlled by theCentral (or Union) Government. The framers clearly mooted for
united India in matters of national importance through laws.