In this paper, we present an approach for the modeling of building interiors by a user who is equipped with a navigation system, which integrates MEMS IMU data processing with automatic interpretation of photos of evacuation plans. Such emergency plans for the evacuation of buildings are compulsory for public buildings in a number of countries. ...

In this paper, we present an approach for the modeling of building interiors by a user who is equipped with a navigation system, which integrates MEMS IMU data processing with automatic interpretation of photos of evacuation plans. Such emergency plans for the evacuation of buildings are compulsory for public buildings in a number of countries. They consist of an approximate floor plan, the current position and escape routes. Additionally, semantic information like stairs, elevators or the level number may be found. If an image of such a floor plan is captured by a potential user, this information is made explicit again by a suitable raster-to-vectorconversion. The resulting approximate indoor building model can then refined by semi-automatic data collection. Similar to outdoor scenarios like OpenStreetMap, features of interest can be collected interactively while the user moves through the building. By these means the entrances of rooms, positions of windows, facilities etc can be integrated into the available indoor model. However, this presumes a suitable positional accuracy during indoor navigation. This is realized using inertial measurements from a low-cost MEMS IMU. Their evaluation by a ZUPT-(zero velocity update)-based algorithm is further supported by integrating information from the evacuation plan like the initial position of the user at the location of the plan. Furthermore, typical constraints for indoor environments like detected stairs or an assumed movement parallel to outer walls are applied to eliminate drift effects of the used low-cost sensor system. This provides a suitable accuracy to allow for an efficient map refinement. 1. Minimize

In this paper, we present an approach for the modeling of building interiors by a user who is equipped with a navigation system, which integrates MEMS IMU data processing with automatic interpretation of photos of evacuation plans. Such emergency plans for the evacuation of buildings are compulsory for public buildings in a number of countries. ...

In this paper, we present an approach for the modeling of building interiors by a user who is equipped with a navigation system, which integrates MEMS IMU data processing with automatic interpretation of photos of evacuation plans. Such emergency plans for the evacuation of buildings are compulsory for public buildings in a number of countries. They consist of an approximate floor plan, the current position and escape routes. Additionally, semantic information like stairs, elevators or the level number may be found. If an image of such a floor plan is captured by a potential user, this information is made explicit again by a suitable raster-to-vectorconversion. The resulting approximate indoor building model can then refined by semi-automatic data collection. Similar to outdoor scenarios like OpenStreetMap, features of interest can be collected interactively while the user moves through the building. By these means the entrances of rooms, positions of windows, facilities etc can be integrated into the available indoor model. However, this presumes a suitable positional accuracy during indoor navigation. This is realized using inertial measurements from a low-cost MEMS IMU. Their evaluation by a ZUPT-(zero velocity update)-based algorithm is further supported by integrating information from the evacuation plan like the initial position of the user at the location of the plan. Furthermore, typical constraints for indoor environments like detected stairs or an assumed movement parallel to outer walls are applied to eliminate drift effects of the used low-cost sensor system. This provides a suitable accuracy to allow for an efficient map refinement. 1. Minimize

Room-temperature absorption spectroscopy of the Ã1A2 ← ˜ X1A1 transition of formaldehyde has been performed in the 30140–30790 cm−1 range allowing the identification of individual lines of the 21 0430 and 220 410 rovibrational bands. Using tunable ultraviolet continuous-wave laser light, individual rotational lines are well resolved in the Doppl...

Room-temperature absorption spectroscopy of the Ã1A2 ← ˜ X1A1 transition of formaldehyde has been performed in the 30140–30790 cm−1 range allowing the identification of individual lines of the 21 0430 and 220 410 rovibrational bands. Using tunable ultraviolet continuous-wave laser light, individual rotational lines are well resolved in the Doppler-broadened spectrum. Making use of genetic algorithms, the main features of the spectrum are reproduced. Spectral data is made available as Supporting Information. Key words: Minimize

Attosecond science is based on steering of electrons with the electric field of well-controlled femtosecond laser pulses. It has led to, for example, the generation of XUV light pulses with a duration in the sub-100-attosecond regime, to the measurement of intra-molecular dynamics by diffraction of an electron taken from the molecule under scrut...

Attosecond science is based on steering of electrons with the electric field of well-controlled femtosecond laser pulses. It has led to, for example, the generation of XUV light pulses with a duration in the sub-100-attosecond regime, to the measurement of intra-molecular dynamics by diffraction of an electron taken from the molecule under scrutiny, and to novel ultrafast electron holography. All these effects have been observed with atoms or molecules in the gas phase. Although predicted to occur, a strong light-phase sensitivity of electrons liberated by few-cycle laser pulses from solids has hitherto been elusive. Here we show a carrier-envelope (C-E) phase-dependent current modulation of up to 100% recorded in spectra of electrons laser-emitted from a nanometric tungsten tip. Controlled by the C-E phase, electrons originate from either one or two sub-500as long instances within the 6-fs laser pulse, leading to the presence or absence of spectral interference. We also show that coherent elastic re-scattering of liberated electrons takes place at the metal surface. Due to field enhancement at the tip, a simple laser oscillator suffices to reach the required peak electric field strengths, allowing attosecond science experiments to be performed at the 100-Megahertz repetition rate level and rendering complex amplified laser systems dispensable. Practically, this work represents a simple, exquisitely sensitive C-E phase sensor device, which can be shrunk in volume down to ~ 1cm3. The results indicate that the above-mentioned novel attosecond science techniques developed with and for atoms and molecules can also be employed with solids. In particular, we foresee sub-femtosecond (sub-) nanometre probing of (collective) electron dynamics, such as plasmon polaritons, in solid-state systems ranging in size from mesoscopic solids via clusters to single protruding atoms. ; Comment: Final manuscript version submitted to Nature Minimize

We present energy-resolved measurements of electron emission from sharp metal tips driven with low energy pulses from a few-cycle laser oscillator. We observe above-threshold photoemission with a photon order of up to 9. At a laser intensity of 2*10^11 W/cm^2 suppression of the lowest order peak occurs, indicating the onset of strong-field effec...

We present energy-resolved measurements of electron emission from sharp metal tips driven with low energy pulses from a few-cycle laser oscillator. We observe above-threshold photoemission with a photon order of up to 9. At a laser intensity of 2*10^11 W/cm^2 suppression of the lowest order peak occurs, indicating the onset of strong-field effects. We also observe peak shifting linearly with intensity with a slope of around -1.8eV / (10^12 W/cm^2). We attribute the magnitude of the laser field effects to field enhancement taking place at the tip's surface. ; Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures Minimize

We present a new method of measuring optical near-fields within ~1 nm of a metal surface, based on rescattering of photoemitted electrons. With this method, we precisely measure the field enhancement factor for tungsten and gold nanotips as a function of tip radius. The agreement with Maxwell simulations is very good. Further simulations yield a...

We present a new method of measuring optical near-fields within ~1 nm of a metal surface, based on rescattering of photoemitted electrons. With this method, we precisely measure the field enhancement factor for tungsten and gold nanotips as a function of tip radius. The agreement with Maxwell simulations is very good. Further simulations yield a field enhancement map for all materials, which shows that optical near-fields at nanotips are governed by a geometric effect under most conditions, while plasmon resonances play only a minor role. Last, we consider the implications of our results on quantum mechanical effects near the surface of nanostructures and discuss features of quantum plasmonics. ; Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures Minimize

Dolichyl monophosphate (Dol-P) is a polyisoprenoid glycosyl carrier lipid essential for the assembly of a variety of glycoconjugates in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells. In yeast, dolichols with chain lengths of 14–17 isoprene units are predominant, whereas in mammalian cells they contain 19–22 isoprene units. In this biosynthetic p...

Dolichyl monophosphate (Dol-P) is a polyisoprenoid glycosyl carrier lipid essential for the assembly of a variety of glycoconjugates in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells. In yeast, dolichols with chain lengths of 14–17 isoprene units are predominant, whereas in mammalian cells they contain 19–22 isoprene units. In this biosynthetic pathway, t,t -farnesyl pyrophosphate is elongated to the appropriate long chain polyprenyl pyrophosphate by the sequential addition of cis -isoprene units donated by isopentenyl pyrophosphate with t,t,c -geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being the initial intermediate formed. The condensation steps are catalyzed by cis -isoprenyltransferase ( cis -IPTase). Genes encoding cis -IPTase activity have been identified in Micrococcus luteus , Escherichia coli , Arabidopsis thaliana , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( RER2 ). Yeast cells deleted for the RER2 locus display a severe growth defect, but are still viable, possibly due to the activity of an homologous locus, SRT1 . The dolichol and Dol-P content of exponentially growing revertants of RER2 deleted cells (Δ rer2 ) and of cells overexpressing SRT1 have been determined by HPLC analysis. Dolichols and Dol-Ps with 19–22 isoprene units, unusually long for yeast, were found, and shown to be utilized for the biosynthesis of lipid intermediates involved in protein N-glycosylation. In addition, cis -IPTase activity in microsomes from Δ rer2 cells overexpressing SRT1 was 7- to 17-fold higher than in microsomes from Δ rer2 cells. These results establish that yeast contains at least two cis -IPTases, and indicate that the chain length of dolichols is determined primarily by the enzyme catalyzing the chain elongation stage of the biosynthetic process. Minimize

With few-cycle laser oscillator pulses at 800 nm we observe strong-field and attosecond physics phenomena in electron spectra recorded at a nanoscale tungsten tip. We observe the rescattering plateau as well as a strong carrier-envelope phase dependence of the spectra. We model the results with the semiclassical three-step model as well as with ...

With few-cycle laser oscillator pulses at 800 nm we observe strong-field and attosecond physics phenomena in electron spectra recorded at a nanoscale tungsten tip. We observe the rescattering plateau as well as a strong carrier-envelope phase dependence of the spectra. We model the results with the semiclassical three-step model as well as with time-dependent density functional theory. Minimize

This paper experimentally explores the efficiency of the Groves mechanism and a profit sharing scheme in a corporate budgeting context. It further examines the effects of anonymous communication on both incentive schemes. The results show that although the Groves mechanism is theoretically superior to the profit sharing scheme, the latter turns ...

This paper experimentally explores the efficiency of the Groves mechanism and a profit sharing scheme in a corporate budgeting context. It further examines the effects of anonymous communication on both incentive schemes. The results show that although the Groves mechanism is theoretically superior to the profit sharing scheme, the latter turns out to be advantageous for headquarters in our experimental setting. This is essentially due to the effects of communication on both incentive schemes. Under the profit sharing scheme it improves coordination and reduces inefficient resource allocation. Under the Groves mechanism how-ever, it leads to stable collusion strategies of the participants and thus increases compensation costs. ∗We thank seminar participants at the University of Vienna and particularly Mathias Erlei, Robert M. Gillenkirch, Thomas Pfeiffer and Rudolf Vetschera for many helpful comments. We also thank Stefan Geisler for his excellent assistance with the technical implementation Minimize