Jun

4

XDR TB, stands for 1) ___ ___ ___ tuberculosis (TB). TB is a disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the air. TB and XDR TB are spread the same way, but XDR TB is resistant to almost all of the drugs commonly used to treat TB. The general symptoms of TB include cough, 2) ___ ___, fever, and night sweats. When a person with TB of the lungs or throat, coughs, sneezes, or speaks, TB germs may be expelled into the air and can remain 3) ___ for several hours, depending on the environment. Persons who breathe the air containing these TB germs can become infected; this is called 4) ___ TB infection (LTBI). XDR TB has recently been defined as a 5) ___ of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) with additional resistance to the two most important second-line 6) ___ (i.e., a fluoroquinolone and an injectable agent [amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin]), in addition to the two most important first-line drugs (i.e., isoniazid and 7) ___). Drug-susceptible (regular) TB and XDR TB are thought to be spread the same way. TB bacilli become 8) ___ when a person with TB, disease of the lungs or throat, coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. These 9) ___ can float in the air for several hours, depending on the environment. Persons who breathe air containing these TB bacilli can become infected. The risk of acquiring any type of TB appears to depend on several factors, such as extent of disease in the source 10) ___, duration of exposure, and ventilation. Transmission has been documented in association with patients who have lung disease, and bacteria seen or cultured in sputum.