jueves, 2 de mayo de 2013

Designing a media innovation: Urgency Rank System for UNICEF's Youth Led Digital Mapping

[Haz scroll-down hasta el final del texto en inglés para leer la versión traducida al español]Have you heard about UNICEF’s Youth Led Digital Mapping, a project that allows young people to use mobile phones and digital maps to create change in their communities? In short, it is an initiative by the UNICEF Social and Civic Media team which promotes youth digital engagement with location based civic and social media, empowering them to become public advocates and decision makers for the future of their community.

How does it work? UNICEF Country Offices, in partnership with local NGOs all over the world, train adolescents and young people to gather data and stories about the community they live in. They generate reports about different aspects of their community, like the exact location of public services, social spaces, socio environmental risks and hazards in general. The information is then verified by UNICEF and shared through social and civic media channels to generate action.

The program utilizes a smartphone application called UNICEF-GIS to produce geotagged reports which are automatically uploaded onto a digital map and then curated, completed, verified and published on Voices of Youth Maps and shared through public channels. UNICEF-GIS is powered by Open Locast, a location based media framework developed by the MIT Mobile Experience Lab, which not only provided the framework, but also has worked on its customization for this prototype from its very inception.

There’s a lot more to the project, and we encourage you to learn more about it, but what we’ve seen so far is enough to move on to the main topic of this post: the Report Urgency Ranking.

The problem

One of the main goals of youth led digital mapping is to become a tool for resourceful social actors (government agencies, NGOs, community organizations, etc.) to assess the situation of the communities mapped, and coordinate follow up efforts to solve or at least mitigate the most pressing problems found there.
In order to be useful for those actors, the process of data collection must be comprehensive, in the sense that it must produce reports that reveal as many issues as possible. That is, if at the end of the day only 10% of the environmental problems of the community make it to the website, its value as a decision making tool for responders who are accountable for the whole community is severely hindered. The bottom line: the platform will only be useful if it can warehouse lots of reports (or the community has just a few outstanding issues, hooray!).
However, once you reach a massive amount of reports, a new challenge arises: how do you make sense of all that data? Where do you start? Hiring someone to monitor and triage every single report that’s created sounds plausible, but when you think about it twice, it’s a huge barrier to adoption by responders. They’re not likely to adopt a tool that instead of making their jobs easier would increase their load.

Turns out there is a tension between both challenges: you need a lot of reports if you want the tool to become a valuable data source, but responders can handle only so many reports without being flooded.

UNICEF and InSTEDD iLab Latam, with the support of the Knight Foundation Prototype Fund, developed an idea to solve the problem: the Report Urgency Rank System. Its final goal is to automatically sort all the reports uploaded to the maps platform by urgency level, so that responders can quickly pick the most important issues to address in a given area just at a glimpse. Now, let’s describe the specifications on how it works.How it works

Tags and urgency score

It all starts with a group of experts, like local NGO staff or UNICEF and government officers. They already know what kinds of issues need attention, and they usually have at least an intuition about the features present in the most urgent issues. Based on that knowledge, they design a set of tags representing those features, and assign an urgency score to each tag.

We picture them using an interface moreless alike the one in the figure below.

Once the tags are configured, the adolescent mappers are ready to explore their community looking for issues that need attention. They do so with the UNICEF-GIS Android App, which by then will come preloaded with a list of tags the duty-bearers have selected.

Creating reports from the field

The first step is to create media for the report, any combination of pictures and videos that the mapper feels appropriate to describe the issue at hand.

After that, the mapper chooses which tags correspond to the situation she’s reporting. It’s very important for the experts who define the tags to choose them wisely: it must be obvious for the mapper whether each tag applies to her report or not.

Finally, the mapper waits for the smartphone to save her current location and optionally adds a description to the report. Later, she’ll be able to work on a more comfortable environment together with her mapper mates and trainers, to describe more thoroughly the situation she reported.

Discussion, curation and verificationAfter exploring the community while reporting issues, the mappers come back to an office or school setting, where they work together with their trainers to enhance the data they collected. They discuss their findings looking for recurrent patterns amongst them, merging duplicate reports, and adding more detailed information to each of them.
The trainers then proceed to the verification phase, where they confirm the existence and importance of each issue. When a report is verified, it becomes available to all users. They can see its position in the Report Urgency Ranking as well as sharing it on social networks, where they’ll receive comments and votes from the general public.

The Report Urgency Ranking

So, how do we calculate the Report Urgency Ranking? At this point, we already have all the ingredients we need.

First, we know each tag has an urgencyscore. Second, we have a bunch of reports, each of them with a number of tags. Now we just need to calculate an urgency score for each report, like in the example below.

As you can see from the snapshots, the Garbage accumulation report was tagged with Garbage and Public spaces. According to our hypothetical configuration, this report would have an urgency score of 85 points (10 points for Public Space plus 75 points for Garbage). In this case we would then consider it Important, since that’s the urgency level for every report between 50 and 99 points.
By the way, please don’t pay much attention to the actual scores we’re using, they’re there just to illustrate the mechanics of the ranking, and each locality will be able to determine their own tags and numbers.
That’s it! Now that we have a way of assigning scores to reports, we just need to sort all the reports by their urgency score, and there’s our ranking!

Sharing

Previously, we’ve mentioned users would be able to share interesting reports to social networks. Even though it’s not directly related to the Urgency Ranking, we think it’s an important complement for it.

Whereas the Urgency Ranking is a feature mostly designed to suit responders’ needs, the capability of sharing the findings with the general public adds another dimension to the platform, complementary to the ranking. It is aimed at the goal of increasing the visibility of a community’s problems, putting them under the radar of the public opinion and fostering discussions around them.

Voices of Youth Maps

We imagine a UNICEF-GIS user being able to customize a map to remark an aspect of her community, of particular interest to her. She would then be able to share that custom view branded as a Voices of Youth Map on Facebook and Twitter, or even embed it in her blog, kicking off a discussion forum at the same time. We illustrate this idea with the snapshot below.

Sharing a reportAdditionally, a user could be interested in sharing a specific issue, in an attempt to get community support and attention for it. Besides providing a discussion forum, the social view of a report could also let people vote the issue up.

Responders would then get an indicator (number of votes) of the perceived importance of each issue from the point of view of the community. It could look like the example below.

Tracking reports

What we described so far is a system which provides visibility to communities’ environmental problems and helps responders focus on the most urgent ones, but, what happens after that? As we stated at the beginning of this post, one of our main goals is not only to make those problems visible, but also to encourage the community and authorities to engage in follow up actions.

Taking that into account, we’re thinking on some additional features that will help us close the loop with report tracking, status updates and ways to celebrate success stories.

Issue ownership

We’d like organizations and individuals to be able to claim ownership of a given issue. That would imply that they commit to find a solution and thus they become accountable for its resolution. Apart from that, it would be nice if they could provide a projected completion date, and report actions being taken towards solving the issue at hand. To complement those follow up reports, they would be able to upload new pictures or videos, that would help anyone involved see the evolution of the place through time.

When urgent reports get acted upon

Before

After

In the context of this project, no news could be more positive than those of issues being solved. The platform must reflect that. As a result, resolved issues must be very prominent, and they should be a source of recognition to every organization and individual involved in the solution. We want to congratulate everyone who has a positive impact on the community. What is more, we want to motivate them to go on and give us more and more excuses to celebrate!

Next step: prototyping

We have the ideas and we have designed a solution, then what’s next? Well, it’s time to stop talking and start doing! Over the next two months (until June 2013) we will develop a prototype to put both the ideas and the design under test.

Needless to say, our solution will evolve over time and we hope to learn a lot in the process of prototyping and iteratively refining it. However, there’s another way of improving over these initial specs: by getting to know what you think about them. We would love to hear your feedback and suggestions, so please don’t hesitate to leave us your comments below!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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