Mystery illness hits New York bats

Though there have been no confirmed cases of a bat-killing syndrome near Canandaigua, there’s no telling whether bats that move here in the summer will bring the malady with them.

Michael Hill

Bats in New York and Vermont are mysteriously dying off by the thousands, often with a white ring of fungus around their noses, and scientists in hazmat suits are crawling into dank caves to find out why.

“White nose syndrome,” as the killer has been dubbed, is spreading at an alarming rate, with researchers calling it the gravest threat in memory to bats in the United States.

Thus far, the syndrome is confined to bat species that hibernate in caves and has not been confirmed in migratory bats or in the rare species that hibernate in buildings, said Alan Hicks, a mammals specialist with the state endangered species project.

It is difficult to notice any large-scale die-offs in unconcentrated populations of bats, like those that flit around buildings and trees at night in the summer. By contrast, Hicks explained, the die-offs can be documented much more clearly when bats are hibernating in groups in enclosed spaces.

Canandaigua doesn’t have any caves or caverns where affected bats would be hibernating, said Hicks. But that’s not to say that migratory bats coming back to this area during the summer couldn’t bring the syndrome in with them.

“This is definitely unprecedented,” said Lori Pruitt, an endangered-species biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Bloomington, Ind. “The hugest concern at this point is that we do not know what it is.”

A significant loss of bats is chilling in itself to wildlife experts. But — like the mysterious mass die-offs around the country of bees that pollinate all sorts of vital fruits and vegetables — the bat deaths could have economic implications. Bats feed on insects that can damage dozens of crops, including wheat and apples.

“Without large populations of bats, there would certainly be an impact on agriculture,” said Barbara French of Bat Conservation International of Austin, Texas.

White nose syndrome has afflicted at least four species of hibernating bats, spreading from a cluster of four caves near Albany last winter to more than a dozen caverns up to 130 miles away.

It is not even clear if the fungus around the bats’ noses — something scientists say they have never seen before — is a cause or a symptom. It may be a sign the bats are too sick to groom themselves, said Beth Buckles, a veterinary pathologist at Cornell University.

The die-offs could be caused by bacteria or a virus. Or the bats could be reacting to some toxin or other environmental factor. Whatever it is, afflicted bats are burning through their winter stores of fat before hibernation ends in the spring, and appear to be starving.

The Northeast has generally had mild winters in recent years. But Hicks said he doubts that is the culprit in some way, since there are no reports of large die-offs in warmer states.

Nor are there any known links between what is wiping out the bees and what is killing the bats. The cause of the bee deaths is still a mystery, though scientists are looking at pesticides, parasites and a virus not previously seen in the U.S.

Researchers said there is no evidence the mysterious killer is any threat to humans. Scientists venturing into the caves wear hazardous-materials suits and breathing masks primarily to protect the bats, not themselves.