..We have formally assessed parasitological cure and putative side-effects in a prospective cohort of Schistosoma mansoni-infected children (aged 5 months-7 years old) in lakeshore settings of Uganda...

The drugs we have and the drugs we need against major helminth infections

..Single-dose albendazole and mebendazole show limited efficacy in the treatment of trichuriasis. The combination of albendazole with ivermectin improves efficacy, but a mebendazole-ivermectin combination has not been previously investigated...

Strategies and tools for the control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis

E A OttesenDivision of Control of Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, SwitzerlandBull World Health Organ 75:491-503. 1997

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The global epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis and new approaches to control and research

..In a systematic review of published studies, we examined evidence for incremental benefits from repeated praziquantel dosing, given 2 to 8 weeks after an initial dose, in Schistosoma-endemic areas of Africa...

..In the present work, we tested the efficacy of the veterinary drug monepantel, a potential drug development candidate compared to standard drugs in vitro and in parasite-rodent models of relevance to human soil-transmitted helminthiases...

Exploration of novel in vitro assays to study drugs against Trichuris spp

..In conclusion, the colorimetric Alamar Blue in vitro assay is a good alternative to the motility assay to study drug effects against T. muris L4 and adults, since it is easy to perform, precise and of low cost...

Impact of a national helminth control programme on infection and morbidity in Ugandan schoolchildren

..We aimed to assess the health impact of a national control programme targeting schistosomiasis and intestinal nematodes in Uganda, which has provided population-based anthelmintic chemotherapy since 2003...

..We conclude that diagnostic sensitivity in high transmission areas is maximized by making several stool readings on several days, but examining 1 stool specimen several times can make reasonable estimates of infection intensity...

Serious reactions after mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in an area endemic for Loa loa infection

Drug discovery for schistosomiasis: hit and lead compounds identified in a library of known drugs by medium-throughput phenotypic screening

Maha Hamadien AbdullaSandler Center for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences QB3, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of AmericaPLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e478. 2009

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From innovation to application: social-ecological context, diagnostics, drugs and integrated control of schistosomiasis

..In these instances, however, worms resumed movements and normal shape upon drug removal and were able to survive. The inference of these observations on the clinical use of praziquantel and on its mechanism of action is discussed...

Use of circulating cathodic antigen strips for the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis

..mansoni appears to diminish after repeated rounds of treatment. Thus use of PZQ should be combined with appropriate health education/water hygiene improvements for both child and mother to bring forth a more enduring solution...

Intestinal schistosomiasis in mothers and young children in Uganda: investigation of field-applicable markers of bowel morbidity

..0001) and mothers (n = 448, OR = 1.95, P = 0.004). Fecal occult blood appears to be useful for measuring morbidity associated with intestinal schistosomiasis and could be used in assessing the impact of control programs upon disease...

The detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance

..of the faecal egg count reduction test has been modified and suggestions given on its use with persistent anthelmintics and continuous release devices. An egg hatch test for benzimidazole (BZ) resistance is described...

..The marked reductions in faecal egg excretion and the acceptable level of side effects point to a single praziquantel treatment (40mg/kg) as the strategy of choice in such a highly endemic S. mansoni focus...

..Different cross-sectional studies using diverse methodologies have reported that helminth infections might either exacerbate or reduce the severity of malaria attacks. The same discrepancies have been reported for parasitemia...

Effect of single-dose anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy on an infant's response to immunisation and on susceptibility to infectious diseases in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

..Helminth infections affect the human immune response. We investigated whether prenatal exposure to and treatment of maternal helminth infections affects development of an infant's immune response to immunisations and unrelated infections...

Schistosomiasis and neglected tropical diseases: towards integrated and sustainable control and a word of caution

..This study employed various monitoring methods to assess the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) on bancroftian filariasis in Papua New Guinea, which has the largest filariasis problem in the Pacific region...

Two-year impact of single praziquantel treatment on infection in the national control programme on schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso

..We report a case of recurrent hydatid disease that presented unusual intradural dissemination. Prognosis for spinal hydatid disease remains very poor and comparable to that of a malignant neoplasm...

..Since a pediatric formulation (e.g., syrup) is not available outside of Egypt, crushed praziquantel tablets are used, but the efficacy and safety of this treatment regimen is insufficiently studied...

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel treatment against Schistosoma haematobium infection among primary school children in Zimbabwe

..The parasitological cure rate was not associated with gender or age. Our study demonstrates that praziquantel is efficacious against S. haematobium in Zimbabwe, although low levels of persistent infection warrant further investigation...

Effect of combinations of marketed human anthelmintic drugs against Trichuris muris in vitro and in vivo

..The discovery and development of novel efficacious drugs or drug combinations for the treatment of STH infections therefore has a high research priority...

Patterns of intestinal schistosomiasis among mothers and young children from Lake Albert, Uganda: water contact and social networks inferred from wearable global positioning system dataloggers

Edmund Y W SetoSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of AmericaGeospat Health 7:1-13. 2012

..We believe that this should now be formally considered within NCP, which may benefit from more in-depth ethnographic exploration of factors related to water contact as this should provide new opportunities for sustaining control...

Candidate anthelmintic resistance-associated gene expression and sequence polymorphisms in a triple-resistant field isolate of Haemonchus contortus

..Our study provides evidence that combined vitamin A supplementation and deworming reduces Ascaris reinfection in children living in areas of chronic parasitosis, but that the duration of the benefit is less in stunted children...

Mixed infections with Opisthorchis viverrini and intestinal flukes in residents of Vientiane Municipality and Saravane Province in Laos

J Y ChaiDepartment of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110 799, KoreaJ Helminthol 79:283-9. 2005

..These data confirm a high prevalence of low-intensity hookworm infection in central Ghana and its association with poor nutritional status. The high rate of albendazole failure raises concern about emerging resistance...

Effects of treatment for intestinal helminth infection on growth and cognitive performance in children: systematic review of randomised trials

Ann S GoldmanDepartment of Epidemiology, The George Washington School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaPLoS Negl Trop Dis 1:e67. 2007

..3 billion people at risk...

Human infection with Ascaris lumbricoides is associated with suppression of the interleukin-2 response to recombinant cholera toxin B subunit following vaccination with the live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR

..Morbidity control of schistosomiasis relies on a single drug, praziquantel. The antimalarial drug mefloquine possesses interesting antischistosomal properties, yet no clinical studies have been performed...

..This is justified on logistical grounds (i.e. collection of stool samples only once) and growing emphasis on integrating the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, including drug efficacy monitoring...

Treatment of dog thelaziosis caused by Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) using a topical formulation of imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 2.5%

P BianciardiVet Parasitol 129:89-93. 2005

..5% is very easy to apply and helps overcome problems linked to the mechanical removal of parasites or to the restraining of the animals for the local instillation of drugs in the eyes...

Monitoring drug efficacy and early detection of drug resistance in human soil-transmitted nematodes: a pressing public health agenda for helminth control

..Helminth genetic differentiation between hosts and non-random mating will also increase the number of hosts (and the number of samples per host) that need to be genotyped, and could enhance the rate of spread of anthelmintic resistance...

New insight into the antifibrotic effects of praziquantel on mice in infection with Schistosoma japonicum

..The present article analyses the peculiarities of helminth infections and those of the drugs used in preventive chemotherapy, explaining the reasons why the cure rate is not an adequate indicator in this specific public health context...

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of tribendimidine and its metabolites alone and in combination against the hookworms Heligmosomoides bakeri and Ancylostoma ceylanicum

Francisca MutapiAshworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomPLoS ONE 6:e19149. 2011

..The implications of these findings are relevant for understanding both the aetiology of immune disorders mediated by auto-reactive antibodies and in predicting the long-term consequences of large-scale schistosomiasis control programs...

..mansoni, even with continuing exposure to malaria. The lack of complete resolution of hepatosplenomegaly in most children suggests, among other things, a residual organomegaly attributable to malaria...

A pooled analysis of the efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

Monepantel is the first compound from the amino-acetonitrile derivative class of anthelmintics to be developed for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep...

Clinical field study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the amino-acetonitrile derivative, monepantel, compared with registered anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Australia

..They are also required for the efficacies of many antibiotics, antifungals, anthelmintics, and antitumor agents. Indeed, the diversity of carbohydrate structures observed in nature is truly remarkable...

..place in the academic laboratories and will show that drugs acting on these receptors have potential as novel anthelmintics. The experiments will combine bioimaging techniques, RNA interference (RNAi), bioassays, physiology and ..

..Here we propose to develop a new drug we discovered that is made by a natural soil bacterium (which is harmless to humans) and that appears to be a very potent anti-roundworm compound with activity greater than any currently available. ..

Nematodes parasitize ~25% of the human population. Helminth targeting drugs, or anthelmintics, have been used to control parasitic nematodes for decades and many species are evolving multidrug resistance...

..activators such as avermectin and moxidectin are also used in ever increasing quantities as insecticides and anthelmintics. More specifically, the goal is to provide toxicological profiles and maps for the insecticide blocker site ..

..Overall, the results will facilitate the design of policies for improving health of especially minority women in the United States and will be useful for analyses of the Women's Health Initiative data. ..

..activated microglia cells and their mediators play in DOM-induced excitotoxic neuronal injury and thus contribute to potential novel approaches for the therapy of the neuropathology associated with Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning in humans ..

..S., enhancing public health efforts in those areas where people are risk of infection; reduction in human disease from these pathogens should result. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..The proposed studies are based on solid preliminary data and are hypotheses driven. Results from these studies, we believe will advance our knowledge towards developing a defined vaccine against lymphatic filariasis in the human. ..

..Translation: Ap is an expedient marker to analyze aging effects on ISF-CSF relationships, and the compromised solute clearance by malfunctioning barrier systems. This sheds light on neurodegeneration. ..

..In each case, they will examine the effects on membrane interactions and the structure and expression of extracellular virions, as well as identify the domains in Pr55gag that are critical for regulation by Vif or Vpu. ..

..japonicum including the identification of appropriate antigens, protective isotype and cytokine responses and the modulating effects of host pubertal and nutritional development on these responses. ..

..Findings from these studies are anticipated to have implications for further understanding the neural bases of maladaptive behaviors arising from either the perception of social stress or inappropriate responding in social situations. ..

..We will map the domains of SIVmac Vpx that are critical for nuclear localization and li interaction. Mutant SIVmac Vpx selectively missing each activity will then be studied by infection of rhesus macaques. ..

..What are the roles of Vpr/x Interactive Cellular Proteins in HIV Infection? a. What is the role of li interaction with Vpx? b. Are there other Vpx- interactive proteins, and do they interact with Vpr? ..

..The UF will provide one additional year of stipend support, with a full year of research support provided by this training grant. If necessary, additional years of support will be provided by the mentor. [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..In particular it should be possible to identify critical proteins modulating altered signaling pathways in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and design pharmacologic strategies to target them for therapeutic benefit. ..