lectins

Summary

Summary: Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

..Here we show that the primate lentiviral binding C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN act as cofactors for cellular entry by Ebola virus...

Omentin plasma levels and gene expression are decreased in obesity

Celia M de Souza BatistaDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USADiabetes 56:1655-61. 2007

..In summary, decreased omentin levels are associated with increasing obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, omentin levels may be predictive of the metabolic consequences or co-morbidities associated with obesity...

..The related chitinase-like protein, YKL-40 (also called human cartilage glycoprotein 39 [HCgp-39] and chitinase 3-like 1), can be readily measured in the serum. However, its relationship to asthma has not been evaluated...

Role of breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39)/chitinase 3-like-1 in Th2 and IL-13-induced tissue responses and apoptosis

..These studies establish novel regulatory roles for BRP-39/YKL-40 in the initiation and effector phases of Th2 inflammation and remodeling and suggest that these proteins are therapeutic targets in Th2- and macrophage-mediated disorders...

..Furthermore, treatment of xenografted tumor mice with mAY restrained tumor growth, angiogenesis, and progression. Taken together, this study has shown the therapeutic use for the mAY in treatment of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis...

Molecular characterization of the mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglutinin, a mycobacterial adhesin

..Macrophages that have undergone alternative activation have been shown to be important in tissue repair; thus, our results suggest a new role for microglial cells in the regulation of inflammation in the CNS...

A macrophage protein, Ym1, transiently expressed during inflammation is a novel mammalian lectin

..Although it shares approximately 30% homology with microbial chitinases, no chitinase activity was found associated with Ym1. Genomic Southern blot analyses suggest that Ym1 may represent a member of a novel lectin gene family...

..Recent studies help understand the code displayed by each structure produced by this trimming and its decoding by lectins. The calnexin folding cycle targets only monoglucosylated oligosaccharides...

Ficolin-2 levels and FCN2 genetic polymorphisms as a susceptibility factor in schistosomiasis

In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lectins and processing enzymes are involved in quality control of newly synthesized proteins for productive folding as well as in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins...

..Consequently, high serum YKL-40 levels have been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with several cancer types. However, the role of YKL-40 has not been established in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

..These topics are among the hundreds included in the field of glycobiology and are treated here because they form the cornerstone of glycobiology or the focus of many advances in this rapidly expanding field...

..We conclude that YKL-40 is up-regulated in COPD, in which it may contribute to tissue inflammation and remodeling by sustaining the synthesis of proinflammatory and fibrogenic chemokines and of metalloproteinases by alveolar macrophages...

..Omentin (1-300 ng/ml) also relaxed NA pre-contracted mesenteric artery. Present study for the first time demonstrated that omentin has a vasodilating effect on isolated blood vessels, which is mediated through endothelium-derived NO...

..Ficolin-2 coded by FCN2 gene is a soluble serum protein that plays an important role in innate immunity. In this study, we analyzed five functional polymorphisms of the FCN2 gene for their possible association with cutaneous leishmaniasis...

The membrane-proximal immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif is critical for the inhibitory signaling mediated by Siglecs-7 and -9, CD33-related Siglecs expressed on human monocytes and NK cells

Tony AvrilDivision of Cell Biology and Immunology, The Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United KingdomJ Immunol 173:6841-9. 2004

..Finally, mutation of the membrane-proximal motif increased the sialic acid binding activity of Siglecs-7 and -9, raising the possibility that "inside-out" signaling may occur to regulate ligand binding...

Revisiting proteus: do minor changes in lectin structure matter in biological activity? Lessons from and potential biotechnological uses of the Diocleinae subtribe lectins

..Together, these findings strongly point to a role for the lectin pathway of complement in glomerular complement activation in IgAN and suggest a contribution for both MBL and L-ficolin in the progression of the disease...

The innate pattern recognition molecule Ficolin-1 is secreted by monocytes/macrophages and is circulating in human plasma

..Importantly, these results demonstrate that Ficolin-1 exists in human plasma and serum under normal conditions, hereby revising the general assumption that Ficolin-1 is solely a cellular associated protein...

..01). We describe a patient with recurrent infections who was homozygous for this mutation, who had undetectable serum levels of ficolin-3, and who had a deficiency in ficolin-3-dependent complement activation...

Cloning and characterization of the human lectin P35 gene and its related gene

..Strong linkage was found between the variant -986G>A and -4A>G. The very first study on Vietnamese cohort associates both Ficolin-2 serum levels and FCN2 haplotypes to hepatitis B virus infection and subsequent disease progression...

..These studies establish Ym1 as a highly inducible STAT6-dependent transcript in T(H)2-biased inflammation and define Cis-active elements in the Ym1 promoter that are required for this transcriptional response...

..Our findings establish that the complement lectin pathway recognizes T. cruzi and provide molecular insights into how the infectious stage inhibits this activation to resist complement system killing...

..5%, OR 3.2, CI 95% 0.13-0.77, P = 0.008). Based on those findings, one can conclude that polymorphisms associated with low levels of L-ficolin level may predispose an individual to recurrent and/or more severe streptococcal infection...

..These experiments suggest that LecB inhibition by high-affinity multivalent ligands could represent a therapeutic approach against P. aeruginosa infections by inhibition of biofilm formation and dispersion of established biofilms...

..On these bases, they are considered to exert specialized functions in diverse biological phenomena, which may include formation of local cell-surface microdomains (raft) by sorting glycoconjugate members for each cell type...

Structural insights into the innate immune recognition specificities of L- and H-ficolins

..The distribution of functional FCN2 haplotypes amongpatients was significant different from that among the control subjects (P = .004). These results unveil an immunogenetic role for ficolin-2 in the host response against M. leprae...

Effect of capsulation of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on binding of the pattern recognition molecules mannan-binding lectin, L-ficolin, and H-ficolin

..The concentrations of the three proteins in 97 plasma samples were estimated. The median concentrations were 0.8 mug per ml for MBL, 3.3 mug per ml for L-ficolin, and 18.4 mug per ml for H-ficolin...

Identification of a heparin-binding hemagglutinin present in mycobacteria

..Identification of putative mycobacterial adhesins, such as the one described in this report, may provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against mycobacterial diseases...

L-ficolin is a pattern recognition molecule specific for acetyl groups

..This review discusses systematically the general approaches that are available in developing carbohydrate sensors and "binders/receptors," and their applications. The focus is on discoveries during the last 5 years...

..The aim of the study was to determine the expression of YKL-40 in tumor tissue and plasma in patients with borderline ovarian tumor or epithelial ovarian cancer (OC), and investigate prognostic value of this marker...

Binding of porcine ficolin-alpha to lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acids from Gram-positive bacteria

..From the present findings, purified porcine serum protein reactive with GlcNAc is concluded to be ficolin-alpha playing an important role(s) in innate immunity against microbial infection with Gram-positive and -negative bacteria...

..When comparing ficolin orthologues from different species, it appears evident that human, murine, and porcine ficolins differ in many aspects, a specific point that we aim to address in this review...

Research Grants72

..However, safety issues raised by the FDA may limit use of these immunomodulators. A family of animal lectins, called galectins, is beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins with conserved carbohydrate-recognition domains...

..infection, and also synergizes with IL-22R to mediate host defense through the induction of Reg3 antimicrobial lectins. This hypothesis will be tested with the following aims: Specific Aim 1: Determine the roles of TLR2 and IL-22R1 ..

..from stimulation of innate immune activation via interactions between viral N-linked glycans and host C-type lectins. Experiments have been designed to identify specific interactions between a panel of CHIKV deficient for known ..

..may also activate CD4 T cells at sites of Ab deposition where APC gather Ab through Fc receptors or surface lectins. At present, we have only a rudimentary understanding of how the immune system regulates potentially dangerous ..

..to mucins and mucin-covered cell surfaces, and we will inhibit the mucin cross-linking caused by these multimeric lectins. We have a multidisciplinary group that includes Drs Roy and Oscarson, two glycochemists with long experience in ..

..with a protective mutant show an upregulation and extracellular release of galectin-3 and galectin-9, two host lectins lacking secretion signal and exhibiting immune modulatory properties (characteristic of alarmins), only during ..

..This novel mouse will allow us to determine the role of the GFLs in nociceptor survival and function and to study mechanisms by which GFLs are effective in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. ..

..hypoglycosylated proteins are delivered to the STT3B isoform of the OST by lumenal ER chaperones or ER-localized lectins. Inherited defects in the assembly pathway for the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide donor (Dol-PP-OS) for N-linked ..

..patients with IgAN;2) Define the range of clustered O-glycan structures that are recognized by five different lectins;and 3) Develop strategies for the quantitative assessment of individual protein and peptide clustered O-..

..glycan structure as a function of cancer using the reactivity of tumor glycoproteins to fluorescently labeled lectins as a probe, as measured by differences in the intensity of the fractions arrayed from the individual samples...

..chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry to identify glycoproteins that are recognized by specific lectins. Conversely, we anticipate that the process will be successful in identifying lectins that can bind to defined ..

..clinical and biological characteristics of these subgroups, and explore in ex vivo studies the role of multimeric lectins as cross-linkers of mucin polymers and potential targets of glycomimetic therapy...

..The specific aims of this grant are focused on developing high affinity binding lectins (carbohydrate binding proteins) that recognize the glycsoylation changes that occur on serum biomarkers of HCC (..

..hypothesis to be addressed is that parasite CHOs represent the recognition receptors, emphasizing CHO-reactive lectins, in immune recognition of and reactivity to expressed carbohydrates (CHO5) and hemocyte immune function...

..glycoproteins from physiological fluids and tissues will be sought through the use of (a) surface-immobilized lectins;(b) surface-immobilized Protein L and selected antibodies;and (c) molecular size-based fractionation through ..

..the sensitivity of ELISA assays in multi-well plates by at least an order of magnitude, and uniquely enable lectins to be used to probe glycosylation of biomarkers. This technology would enable earlier detection of cancer...

..lysophospholipase (LPLase), but we have now shown it to be a member of the galectin superfamily of animal lectins based on amino acid sequence, 3D protein structure, lack of LPLase activity and gene structure...