Confucianism

a movement based on the teachings of Confucius, a Chinese philosopher who lived about 500 b.c.; Confucius stressed the importance of education in an ordered society in which one respects one's elders and obeys the government

Taoism

a philosophy based on the book Tao Te Ching and the teachings of Lao-Tzu, who lived in China in the sixth century b.c. and believed in preserving and restoring harmony in the individual, with nature, and in the universe, with little interference from the government.