This Thesis presents numerical and experimental research of behaviour of masonry structures under static and dynamic (seismic) load. First, the previously developed numerical model for static and dynamic analysis of masonry structures is improved. Than experimental tests of two-storey confined masonry walls without openings in the real size were carried out under static load until the wall failure. Afterward numerous of numerical parametric studies of masonry walls were performed. The existing numerical model for masonry was improved with introducing of nonlinear anisotropic model of masonry. The effect of shear on masonry failure is modelled. Criteria of masonry strength and breakdown were considered separately in three different coordinate systems, i. e. in three different stress directions. Namely, separately are considered: (i) Normal stresses in the direction of mortar joints and corresponding shear stresses, (ii) Principal normal stresses and (iii) The maximum shear stress and corresponding normal stresses. The validation of the improved numerical model for static and dynamic analysis of unreinforced and confined masonry walls was performed on obtaining experimental results and on the well-known examples from the literature. Performed experimental research, except the acquisition of additional knowledge about the real behaviour of masonry walls under static load until the wall failure, offer the purpose of validation of the improved numerical model for the analysis of masonry structures. With the improved numerical model numerous od numerical tests, i. e. a series of static and dynamic analysis of unreinforced and confined masonry walls by varying different influencing parameters (compressive, tensile and shear strength of masonry, modul of elasticity and shear modul of masonry, tensile and shear stiffness od masonry, the height to length ratio of the walls, openings in the walls, the intensity of the vertical load, vertical tie and horizontal ring beam, the deformability of the subsoil, duration, period and amplitude of dynamic excitation etc.), were performed. Obtained results of performed numerical tests were analyzed. Finally, the most important conclusions of the research are shown.