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ABCs Areas

California (San Francisco County and children < 5 years in Alameda and Contra Costa counties); Colorado (5 county Denver area); Connecticut; Georgia (20 county Atlanta area); Maryland (6 county Baltimore area); Minnesota; New Mexico; New York (15 county Rochester and Albany areas and children < 5 years in Erie county); Oregon (3 county Portland area); Tennessee (11 urban counties)

ABCs Population

ABCs Case Definition

Invasive pneumococcal disease: isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from normally sterile site in resident of a surveillance area in 2007.

ABCs Methodology

ABCs personnel routinely contacted all microbiology laboratories serving acute care hospitals in their area to identify cases. Standardized case report forms that include information on demographic characteristics, clinical syndrome, and outcome of illness were completed for each identified case. Pneumococcal isolates were collected and sent to reference laboratories for susceptibility testing using NCCLS methods and serotyping. Regular laboratory audits assessed completeness of active surveillance and detected additional cases.

Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease were calculated using population estimates for 2007. For national estimates, race- and age-specific rates of disease were applied from the aggregate surveillance area to the age and racial distribution of the 2007 U.S. population. Cases with unknown race were distributed by area based on reported race distribution for known cases within the eight age categories.