One of the oldest and greatest civilisations on the planet, Egypt is believed to have been founded around 3200 BC by one King Namer, the ruler of a dynasty that continued to preside over the region for another 3,000 years. The final dynasty in this long line was finally defeated and removed by the Persians in 343 BC. The Persians themselves were in turn defeated by the Greeks in 332 BC, the latter holding onto the country until the arrival of the Romans in 31 BC.