We’re STILL Not Saying It’s Aliens, But Tabby’s Star Is Getting Weirder

The light from KIC 8462852 faded again, and scientists have some new theories about what's behind astronomy's most mysterious star.
We're Not Saying The Kepler Discovery Is Aliens, But... - https://youtu.be/8V-TxYyyLI4
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Astronomers Have a New Explanation For The 'Alien Megastructure' Star
https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-a-new-explanation-for-the-alien-megastructure-star
"Strange dips in the light from Tabby's Star have been puzzling scientists since 2015, with some hopefuls refusing to rule out the chance that some kind of "alien megastructure" could be blocking the way."
Astronomers Identify the Origin of Peculiar Signals From Nearby Red Dwarf Star
https://www.seeker.com/space/astronomy/astronomers-identify-the-origin-of-peculiar-signals-from-nearby-red-dwarf-star
"Astronomers have finally solved the mystery of peculiar signals coming from a nearby star, a story that sparked intense public speculation this week that perhaps, finally, alien life had been found."
Do Stars Vanish Into a Black Hole or Crash Against a Surface? A New Test Answers
https://www.seeker.com/space/astronomy/do-stars-vanish-into-a-black-hole-or-crash-against-a-surface-a-new-test-answers
"Einstein's theory of general relativity says that all black holes have an event horizon where nothing, not even light, can escape the gravitational pull of these extremely dense objects.
But some have cast doubt about the existence of these event horizons."
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The U.S. & Russia Are Building a Deep Space Gateway, Here's What You Need to Know

The U.S. and Russia have announced plans to put a new structure in the orbit of the moon. What will it look like?
What Could NASA Do With Double The Budget? - https://youtu.be/mhTXkcLfj_g
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Russia and US will cooperate to build moon's first space station
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/sep/27/russia-and-us-will-cooperate-to-build-moon-first-space-station
"Russia and the United States have agreed to cooperate on a Nasa-led programme to build the first lunar space station, part of a long-term project to send humans to Mars. The US space agency said earlier this year that it was exploring a programme called the Deep Space Gateway, a multi-stage project to push further into the solar system."
Vice President Mike Pence Says NASA's Going Back to the Moon
https://www.seeker.com/space/exploration/vice-president-pence-pledges-renewed-lunar-focus-for-us-space-agency
"The Trump administration is committed to sending astronauts to the moon as part of a broader push to prioritize human spaceflight and firm up US dominance in the final frontier, Vice President Mike Pence said."
Elon Musk Plans to Send Crewed Missions to Mars in 2024
https://www.seeker.com/space/exploration/elon-musk-plans-to-send-crewed-missions-to-mars-in-2024
"SpaceX aims to launch its first cargo mission to Mars in 2022 and send people toward the Red Planet just two years after that. Those are just two of the highlights of the company's current Mars-colonization plan, which SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk unveiled early Friday morning EDT (Sept. 29) at the 68th International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Adelaide, Australia."
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Asteroids, Comets & Meteors: What’s the Difference?

There are millions of giant rocks hurtling around the the solar system. Some of them stay in the cosmos and others penetrate the Earth’s atmosphere. So how do you tell the difference between different types of space rocks?
The universe is kind of complicated, but Seeker has you covered. Each week, we’ll break down complex space terminology and phenomena using a very high tech medium… papier-mâché. You can get all kind of crafty in the cosmos with new episodes of Galactic Glossary every Wednesday.
An Asteroid Didn’t Kill the Dinosaurs, Here’s a New Theory About What Did
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrbqkeB4UqE
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We Found the Largest Void in the Universe, And We're Smack in the Middle

Researchers say our galaxy is located within an enormous cosmic void, and it's changing the way we understand the universe.
What Is Beyond The Universe? - https://youtu.be/ghaZf1ODia0
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Are We Living in a Giant Cosmic Void?
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/home-sweet-void/529623/
"A team of researchers says the Milky Way resides in one of the observable universe's darkest regions, but some experts aren't so sure."
As Much as Half of the Milky Way Likely Came From Distant Galaxies
https://www.seeker.com/space/astrophysics/as-much-as-half-of-the-milky-way-likely-came-from-distant-galaxies
"Astronomers looking at how intergalactic gas and dust moves across great distances found that up to half of the matter surrounding us comes from galaxies far, far away."
Researchers Spot a 'Renegade' Supermassive Black Hole
https://www.seeker.com/space/astrophysics/researchers-spot-a-renegade-supermassive-black-hole
"When a pair of black holes collide, they typically merge, but sometimes one of them may be kicked in the opposite direction at great speed."
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Written by: Sophie Bakoledis

Another Universe May Have Bumped Into Ours and We Might Have Proof

The Cold Spot in the cosmic microwave background radiation has led astronomers to speculate the possibility of parallel universes.
What Is Beyond The Universe? - https://youtu.be/ghaZf1ODia0
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Universe Older Than Thought, New Map Reveals
https://www.seeker.com/universe-older-than-thought-new-map-reveals-1767334276.html
"Astronomers first discovered the CMB by accident in 1964, and have been studying it ever since because of the precious clues about the universe's beginnings embedded in it."
Our Universe Has 10-20 Times More Galaxies Than Thought
https://www.seeker.com/galaxy-population-hubble-discovery-astronomy-universe-2044032670.html
"A new headcount of galaxies in the observable universe turned up 10- to 20 times more galaxies than previous estimates, bringing the tally up to as many as 2 trillion, a new study shows."
Multiverse: have astronomers found evidence of parallel universes?
https://www.theguardian.com/science/across-the-universe/2017/may/17/multiverse-have-astronomers-found-evidence-of-parallel-universes
"Each alternate universe carries its own different version of reality. There will be one where you wrote this column and I read it; one where the Guardian is an alt-right propaganda rag; even a really weird one in which Donald Trump uses twitter to spread nothing but amusing cat videos."
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The Mystery Behind Jupiter's Powerful Auroras

Jupiter has the most powerful auroras in our solar system. However, when scientists looked closer, they didn't find what they expected.
These Satellite Dishes Can See Electrons 100 km Away - https://youtu.be/OnlYZdRZ_pw
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Jupiter's Auroras Present a Powerful Mystery
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2017-236
"Scientists on NASA's Juno mission have observed massive amounts of energy swirling over Jupiter's polar regions that contribute to the giant planet's powerful auroras - only not in ways the researchers expected."
Wild Stratospheric Balloon Ride Shows No Link Between Auroras and Radiation Flux
https://www.seeker.com/space/exploration/wild-stratospheric-balloon-ride-shows-no-link-between-auroras-and-radiation-flux
"An incredible flight in March 2017 set out to see if there is any correlation between auroras over Fairbanks, Alaska, and radiation flux in the stratosphere. While the team behind the autonomous stratospheric balloon ride couldn't establish a link, they came away from the experience with plenty of stories to tell - a lost balloon, an airplane search, and a six-mile, one-way hike to rescue their data."
NASA Captures 'Spectacular' Views of Auroras on Uranus
https://www.seeker.com/space/planets/nasa-captures-spectacular-views-of-auroras-on-uranus
"Bright auroras light up the planet's atmosphere in two newly released photos, which combine observations by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the agency's Voyager 2 probe. (Voyager 2 flew by Uranus in 1986 as part of a "grand tour" of the solar system's outer planets that the spacecraft performed with its twin, Voyager 1.)"
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Spying From Space: How the CIA Recovered Film From Secret Satellites

Humans have launched hundreds of spy satellites, but the first ones required a little more creativity.
How Close Are We? - https://www.facebook.com/HowCloseAreWe/videos/203889730150168/
Can Your Boss Spy On Your Internet Use? - https://youtu.be/st2qjZXspTk
For more epic stories of innovation that shaped our future, check out https://www.theageofaerospace.com
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The First Spy Satellites Had to Drop Gigantic Buckets of Film Back to Earth
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/jpzpkg/the-first-spy-satellites-had-to-drop-gigantic-buckets-of-film-back-to-earth
"For better or worse, we've grown accustomed to idea that we're under constant photo surveillance: there's a CCTV camera on every corner, a webcam on every computer, and a network of satellites capable of taking high resolution photos of the entire earth every day. But just 50 years ago, figuring out how to make high altitude photo surveillance happen was no small order."
US Intel Chief Warns That Russia and China May Target American Satellites
https://www.seeker.com/space/us-intel-chief-warns-that-russia-and-china-may-target-american-satellites
"China and Russia are advancing directed-energy (laser) weapons technologies for the purpose of fielding ASAT systems 'that could blind or damage sensitive space-based optical sensors,' Coats said. 'Russia is developing an airborne laser weapon for use against US satellites.'"
These Satellites Help Scientists Monitor Antarctica's Collapsing Ice Shelf
https://www.seeker.com/earth/climate/these-satellites-help-scientists-monitor-antarcticas-collapsing-ice-shelf
"The iceberg-to-be is hanging on by a thread, with just eight miles of solid ice standing in the way of a rift that's spent years carving through the ice. Scientists can track the growth of the crack with precision during the summer season by flying over it, but even during the dead of Antarctic night, they're still able to see it clearly thanks to eyes in the sky."
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The Threat to Space Travel That No One's Talking About

If we don't clean up space debris, it could become impossible to leave Earth's atmosphere. Luckily, scientists have a plan. Well, lots of plans.
NASA's Plan To Use A Giant Magnet To Make Mars Habitable - https://youtu.be/5XnpU9ZMFEg
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Robotic Gecko-Like Pincers Could Help Clean Up Space Junk
https://www.seeker.com/tech/gadgets/robotic-gecko-like-pincers-could-help-clean-up-space-junk
"Robotic pincers inspired by geckos could help collect garbage in space, a new study finds.
In experiments, the device was able to glom on to objects in the lab and even floating items within the International Space Station."
Earth, Clean Up Your Trash!
http://www.airspacemag.com/space/34_aug2017-cleaning-up-space-junk-180963932/
"Even if we stopped launching satellites today, it would continue, says Benjamin Bastida, an ESA space debris expert in Darmstadt, Germany. And if space users do nothing to clean up what's already there, he says, the 29,000 or so large bits of space junk orbiting Earth today 'would become more than 200,000 in 200 years.'"
Japan Ready to Test Space Junk-Grabbing Tech
https://www.seeker.com/space-junk-jaxa-debris-problem-international-space-station-2156194264.html
"The proposed technology would include a spacecraft that would deploy a 700-meter-long (2,296 feet) electrodynamic tether (EDT) and guide it toward a piece of space junk. The tether would latch onto the orbiting hunk of trash, and the operating spacecraft would then drag the debris down into the incinerator of Earth's atmosphere (causing the operating spacecraft to burn up as well)."
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How Many People Have Died in Space?

Space is an incredibly dangerous place. Between the explosions during launches, reentries and transit, how many people have died in space? It's probably less than you think.
How Quickly Did the Crew of Apollo 13 Know They'd Lost the Moon? - https://youtu.be/BuN0SXJ0Tj8
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'Gravity' and Reality: History's Worst Space Disasters
https://www.space.com/23182-gravity-film-worst-space-disasters.html
"The gripping depiction of a space disaster in 'Gravity' may be fictional, but the potential for death and destruction has long haunted the final frontier, said Allan J. McDonald, a NASA engineer who wrote about the Challenger disaster. "
Apollo 11 Anniversary: Neil Armstrong's Spacesuit's 'Reboot' Effort Kicks Into Gear
https://www.seeker.com/space/apollo-11-anniversary-neil-armstrong-spacesuits-reboot-effort-kicks-into-gear
"In two short years, Neil Armstrong's spacesuit will once again stand up straight and inspire us toward new space frontiers. The multi-layered garment that protected the first man on the moon when he stepped onto the lunar surface on July 20, 1969 is being fixed up to be put back on display at the National Air and Space Museum."
NASA Announces New Class of Astronaut Trainees
https://www.seeker.com/space/exploration/nasa-announces-new-class-of-astronaut-trainees
"Anyone who has seen a dusty moonwalkers' suit in a museum can appreciate just how challenging an environment it was to walk on the moon. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, 12 people made the journey and worked on the lunar surface for as long as 27 hours, across three spacewalks."
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Here's What It Actually Takes to Be a NASA Astronaut

NASA recently announced its new class of astronauts and their skill set is pretty diverse. So, what exactly does it take to be a NASA astronaut?
Yes, Apollo Flew Through the Van Allen Belts Going to the Moon - https://youtu.be/bLtgS2_qxJk
NASA Is Going to the Sun! But How...and Why? - https://youtu.be/r4HEeaZIgZQ
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NASA Announces New Class of Astronaut Trainees
https://www.seeker.com/space/exploration/nasa-announces-new-class-of-astronaut-trainees
"NASA introduced 12 new astronauts on Wednesday (June 7), who will train for missions into Earth orbit and to deep space. The seven men and five women comprise the 22nd class of American spaceflight trainees since 1959. The group is the largest NASA has selected in almost two decades."
Here's What Emergency Medicine Will Look Like for Astronauts in Space
https://www.seeker.com/space/heres-what-emergency-medicine-will-look-like-for-astronauts-in-space
"If an emergency medical situation arises during a crewed trip to Mars, odds are that the astronauts helping out will have little medical training. Making things even more challenging, the astronauts will be far from home working only with the limited supplies on board - a task that would be difficult for even experienced doctors."
NASA: Astronaut Selection
https://astronauts.nasa.gov/default.htm
"NASA selects astronauts from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for the intensive Astronaut Candidate training program. Including the "Original Seven", only 338 astronauts have been selected to date."
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NASA Is Going to the Sun! But How...and Why?

In 2018, NASA will launch a solar probe that will travel closer to the sun than any spacecraft before. But why? What are they looking for?
NASA Just Revealed There Could Be Life On Saturn's Moon, Enceladus - https://youtu.be/YIVh53TBonM
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NASA's Mission to the Sun Gets a New Official Name
https://www.seeker.com/space/astrophysics/nasa-gives-an-official-name-to-its-mission-to-the-sun
"NASA's upcoming sun-studying mission, which will come much closer to Earth's star than any spacecraft in history, has been renamed the Parker Solar Probe, agency officials announced today (May 31). The new moniker honors pioneering University of Chicago astrophysicist Eugene Parker, who predicted the existence of the solar wind - the stream of charged particles flowing constantly from the sun - back in 1958."
Solar Probe Plus: We're Going to Dive Into the Sun
https://www.seeker.com/solar-probe-plus-were-going-to-dive-into-the-sun-1938428374.html
"After 60 years of dreaming of a close-up solar mission, it's quickly approaching time for NASA to realize that goal. Last week, the agency announced that the Solar Probe Plus mission has moved into "advanced development" ahead of a launch in 2018."
NASA: Parker Solar Probe
http://solarprobe.jhuapl.edu/
"Why Parker Solar Probe? We live in the sun's atmosphere! This mission will provide insight on a critical link in the Sun-Earth connection. Data will be key to understanding and, perhaps, forecasting space weather."
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Where Does Space Actually Start?

Where does the atmosphere end and space begin? The answer's not so simple.
This Is Not What Space Looks Like - https://youtu.be/N5rZ9E72zbI
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Harvard Researchers Are Preparing to Geoengineer the Atmosphere
https://www.seeker.com/earth/climate/harvard-researchers-are-preparing-to-geoengineer-the-atmosphere
"A team of Harvard researchers is preparing a first-of-its-kind field experiment in the hotly-debated area of solar geoengineering, the controversial idea to combat climate change by pumping aerosols into the sky to reflect the sun's rays back into space."
Here's How Human Activity Affects Space Weather Around Planet Earth
https://www.seeker.com/space/heres-how-human-activity-affects-space-weather-around-planet-earth
"While we know that human activity is affecting Earth's climate, can the influence of our actions also reach beyond our planet? The answer is yes, according to a new wide-ranging research paper that looks at the history of 'human-induced space weather.'"
Spacewatch: Where Does Space Begin?
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/jun/15/spacewatch-astronauts-planets-atmosphere
"How high must we climb before we can claim to be 'in space'? To answer 'above the atmosphere' will not suffice, for although the Earth's atmosphere grows progressively thin with altitude, traces of it extend beyond 800km and slowly merge with the swarms of particles trapped within our planet's magnetic field or billowing outwards from the Sun in the solar wind."
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This episode of Seeker was written and hosted by Trace Dominguez.

Is There Space for 12,000 More Satellites Up There?

SpaceX wants to launch nearly 12,000 satellites into orbit, nearly ten times the number of active satellites currently up there. But is there room?
Discovering The Hidden Treasures of Mauritania's Deadly Sahara Desert - https://youtu.be/3NMKYRcaaYs
How the Stage was Set for the Satellite Race - https://youtu.be/v4YG6IrIasQ
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Elon Musk's SpaceX Sends Secret US Spy Satellite Into Orbit, Then Lands Rocket
https://www.seeker.com/space/elon-musks-spacex-sends-secret-us-spy-satellite-into-orbit-then-lands-rocket
"It was the 34th mission for SpaceX, but its first flight for the Department of Defense, a customer long-pursued by company founder Elon Musk. The privately owned SpaceX once sued the Air Force over its exclusive launch services contract with United Launch Alliance (ULA), a partnership of Lockheed-Martin and Boeing. Monday's 7:15 a.m. EDT (1115 GMT) liftoff of a classified satellite for the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) officially broke ULA's 10-year monopoly on launching U.S. military and national security satellites."
The Plan to Recycle Space Junk for Missions to Mars
https://www.seeker.com/space-junk-debris-recycle-mars-exploration-satellites-2085063955.html
"One of our sadder legacies from nearly six decades of space exploration is a chain of orbital debris surrounding Earth. Some pieces are as small as flecks of paint, while others are the corpses of dead satellites long out of fuel. NASA estimates that more than a half-million fragments are out there, occasionally posing threats to the International Space Station (ISS) or satellites. Collisions have happened before and will very likely happen again."
SpaceX plans worldwide satellite Internet with low latency, gigabit speed
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/11/spacex-plans-worldwide-satellite-internet-with-low-latency-gigabit-speed/
"SpaceX has detailed ambitious plans to bring fast Internet access to the entire world with a new satellite system that offers greater speeds and lower latency than existing satellite networks. The private spacecraft company founded by CEO Elon Musk filed an application Tuesday for satellite space station authorizations with the US Federal Communications Commission. SpaceX recently said that its satellite service's commercial availability date has not yet been determined, but the application's technical description mentioned 2019 as a possible time for launching satellites into orbit."
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Starquakes Prove Space Is Violent and Metal AF

From so far away, stars look like peaceful dots of light, but starquakes prove otherwise. So what causes these violent celestial phenomena?
Astronomers Made A Family Tree For The Stars In Our Galaxy - https://youtu.be/HZq1dLuhjMg
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Gravitational Waves to Crack Neutron Star Mystery
https://www.seeker.com/gravitational-waves-to-crack-neutron-star-mysteries-1957834190.html
"We are now in an incredible new era of astronomy where the faint ripples in spacetime caused by distant black hole collisions are being detected and studied. These are the most energetic events in the cosmos and, by "listening in" to their gravitational wave signals, these black hole mergers have finally been directly observed. Although the first detections of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) have, so far, been exclusive to the collisions of black holes, astrophysicists have far loftier goals."
The Biggest Starquake Ever
http://www.space.com/1321-biggest-starquake.html
"The biggest starquake ever recorded resulted in oscillations in the X-ray emission from the shaking neutron star. Astronomers hope these oscillations will crack the mystery of what neutron stars are made of. On December 27, 2004, several satellites and telescopes from around the world detected an explosion on the surface of SGR 1806-20, a neutron star 50,000 light years away. The resulting flash of energy -- which lasted only a tenth of a second -- released more energy than the Sun emits in 150,000 years."
Magnetars are the most powerful magnets in the universe
http://earthsky.org/space/magnetars-most-powerful-magnets-in-the-universe
"When a massive star collapses under its own gravity during a supernova explosion it forms either a neutron star or black hole. Magnetars are an unusual and very exotic form of neutron star. Like all of these strange objects they are tiny and extraordinarily dense - a teaspoon of neutron star material would have a mass of about a billion tonnes - but they also have extremely powerful magnetic fields. Magnetar surfaces release vast quantities of gamma rays when they undergo a sudden adjustment known as a starquake as a result of the huge stresses in their crusts."
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This episode of Seeker was hosted by Trace Dominguez.
Written By: Lauren Ellis

Thanks to Salad, We’re One Step Closer to Colonizing Space

After years of trial and error, NASA figured out how to successfully grow salad in space. So what does this breakthrough mean? Are we one step closer to colonizing other planets?
NASA's Plan To Use A Giant Magnet To Make Mars Habitable
https://youtu.be/5XnpU9ZMFEg?list=UUzWQYUVCpZqtN93H8RR44Qw
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Read More:
New Plant Habitat Will Increase Harvest on International Space Station
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/meals_ready_to_eat
"The large, enclosed chamber measures 18 inches square, with two inches for the root system and 16 inches available for growth height. It is designed to support commercial and fundamental plant research or other bioscience research aboard the space station for up to a 135-day science investigation, and for at least one year of continuous operation without maintenance."
Colonizing Mars Will Rely on These Next-Gen Technologies
https://www.seeker.com/space/exploration/colonizing-mars-will-rely-on-these-next-gen-technologies
"A spacecraft would excavate the rocky material on an asteroid and then extract the water molecules that are chemically bound to the rock's clay minerals. Next, the craft would deliver the collected water to an orbiting depot, where the water would be split into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as rocket fuel. A space tug would then collect the fuel and rendezvous with a recently launched satellite, where the tug would inject the fuel and boost the satellite into its final orbit. "
Here's How Extraterrestrial Farming Will Work on Mars
https://www.seeker.com/making-mars-habitable-farming-astronauts-food-nasa-spacex-colonization-2098820191.html
"The researchers suggest that before a human even sets foot on Mars, a robotic mission could land months in advance with the sole purpose of preparing the Martian regolith for agriculture. Farm bots could extract the regolith and perform perchlorate remediation tasks while introducing the necessary biology to set up the cycles necessary for plant life to thrive. The idea is to establish a viable Mars farm ahead of a human mission that's ready for the astronauts to take over as soon as they land."
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Written by Aneeta Akhurst and Paige Hansen

It’s Possible To Hack NASA Satellites… But Then What?

Satellites are just computer-controlled machines in space, and they can be hacked, but is that always a bad thing?
When A Satellite Goes Missing, What Can We Do? - https://youtu.be/oczMnjeRBHA
Edge Of Space: Seeker VR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCve1w1GFOs
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Read More:
Could Hackers Hijack the Space Station?
http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2108215,00.html
"In detailed testimony delivered on Thursday to a House subcommittee on investigations and oversight, NASA Inspector General Paul Martin painted a disturbing picture of an agency under electronic siege, with hackers from China, Italy, the U.K., Nigeria, Portugal, Romania, Turkey, Estonia and the U.S. itself attempting increasingly brazen attacks on operations both on the ground and in space."
China key suspect in U.S. satellite hacks
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-satellite-idUSTRE79R4O320111028
"The commission said its account was based largely on a May 12 U.S. Air Force briefing for the 12-member commission, which was set up by Congress in 2000 to report on U.S.-China trade's national security implications. Its final 2011 report is due to be sent to lawmakers on November 16. The satellites cited in the report are used for climate and terrain monitoring by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey. A Landsat-7 earth observation satellite, built by NASA for the USGS, experienced 12 or more minutes of interference in October 2007 and July 2008, the report said."
Bid to 'reboot' aging NASA satellite is scuttled as fuel system fails
http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-satellite-reboot-20140709-story.html
"Unable to budge the probe from its current orbit around the sun, project engineers say they have switched the spacecraft to 'science mode' and will collect data from it for as long as they can -- perhaps a couple of months. After ISEE-3 makes a near Earth flyby on Aug. 10, the spacecraft will continue to orbit the sun and will pass by the Earth again in roughly 17 years."
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How Close Are We To Space Tourism?

Going to space on vacation might be a reality sooner than you think. But the question is, can you afford it?
This Is Not What Space Looks Like - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5rZ9E72zbI
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Will We Ever Be Able to Vacation In Space?
https://www.seeker.com/will-we-ever-be-able-to-vacation-in-space-1920476599.html
“How long will it be before vacation packages include a quick trip to the orbital spa? Maybe not so long, as Laura Ling explains in today’s Seeker Daily report. The concept of genuine space tourism is no longer science fiction -- in fact, several space tourists have already been up in orbit. But it’s an expensive proposition. The private space flight company Space Adventures, in collaboration with the Russian Space Agency, has flown seven tourists to the International Space Station since 2001. Tourists were taken along on regularly scheduled missions via the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Each trip cost the customer between $20 million and $40 million and lasted around 10 days.”
Jeff Bezos shows off Blue Origin’s crew capsule that could soon take tourists to space
http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-blue-origin-20170406-story.html
“In a year or more — Bezos said the timing hasn’t yet been decided — his space company Blue Origin plans to begin flying tourists past the edge of space, 62 miles high, where for about four minutes they’ll experience the thrill of weightlessness and view the curvature of Earth. ‘Everybody says that when you go to space, it changes you,’ said Bezos, the founder of Amazon.com and the owner of the Washington Post. ‘All the astronauts come back with stories like that. It’s very emotional to see this Earth, to see the thin layer of the atmosphere.’”
Elon Musk Hails SpaceX Launch of Recycled Rocket as a Revolution in Spaceflight
https://www.seeker.com/space/elon-musk-hails-spacex-launch-of-recycled-rocket-as-revolution-in-spaceflight
“SpaceX chief Elon Musk hailed a ‘revolution in spaceflight’ on Thursday after blasting off a recycled rocket for the first time, a feat that could dramatically lower the cost of space travel. Experts cheered the launch and landing of the previously used booster as a ‘historic’ moment for spaceflight, particularly private industry, as companies like SpaceX and its competitors scramble to make space exploration cheaper and more efficient.”
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Written by: Andra Cernavskis

This Is Not What Space Looks Like

Amazing images of the far reaches of the universe are everywhere, but are they accurate? What does space really look like?
Yes, Apollo Flew Through the Van Allen Belts Going to the Moon - https://youtu.be/bLtgS2_qxJk
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'Habitable' Exoplanets Might Not Be Very Earth-Like After All
https://www.seeker.com/habitable-exoplanets-might-not-be-very-earth-like-after-all-2292844800.html
"One of the most exciting moments in exoplanet science came in late February, when NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope announced the discovery of seven rocky planets orbiting in or near the habitable zone of their parent star, TRAPPIST-1, which lies 40 light years away from Earth.
'The discovery sets a new record for greatest number of habitable-zone planets found around a single star outside our solar system,' NASA said in a statement."
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
"The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes - the visible light that comes from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation. The other types of EM radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum are microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma-rays."
Truth Behind the Photos: What the Hubble Space Telescope Really Sees
http://www.space.com/8059-truth-photos-hubble-space-telescope-sees.html
"When Hubble beams down images, astronomers have to make many adjustments, such as adding color and patching multiple photos together, to that raw data before the space observatory's images are released to the public. Hubble doesn't use color film (or any film at all) to create its images. Instead, it operates much like a digital camera, using what's called a CCD (charge-coupled device) to record incoming photons of light."
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NASA Just Revealed There Could Be Life On Saturn's Moon, Enceladus

Since NASA's Cassini spacecraft detected gaseous hydrogen spouting from Saturn's Enceladus, scientists have hypothesized that the moon may have hydrothermal vents capable of supporting life.
Ocean Volcanoes May Hold Clues To Alien Life - https://youtu.be/c9m78HV7Dn0
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NASA: Saturn's Ice Moon Enceladus Might Be Capable of Supporting Life
https://www.seeker.com/space/nasa-saturns-ice-moon-enceladus-might-be-capable-of-supporting-life
"Saturn's icy moon Enceladus is looking more and more like a habitable world. The same sorts of chemical reactions that sustain life near deep-sea hydrothermal vents here on Earth could potentially be occurring within Enceladus' subsurface ocean, a new study published today (April 13) in the journal Science suggests. These reactions depend on the presence of molecular hydrogen (H2), which, the new study reports, is likely being produced continuously by reactions between hot water and rock deep down in Enceladus' sea."
NASA Missions Provide New Insights into "Ocean Worlds" in Our Solar System
https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/3024/nasa-missions-provide-new-insights-into-ocean-worlds-in-our-solar-system/
"Two veteran NASA missions are providing new details about icy, ocean-bearing moons of Jupiter and Saturn, further heightening the scientific interest of these and other 'ocean worlds' in our solar system and beyond. The findings are presented in papers published Thursday by researchers with NASA's Cassini mission to Saturn and Hubble Space Telescope. In the papers, Cassini scientists announce that a form of chemical energy that life can feed on appears to exist on Saturn's moon Enceladus, and Hubble researchers report additional evidence of plumes erupting from Jupiter's moon Europa."
NASA Finds Evidence of Hydrothermal Vents on Saturn's Moon Enceladus
http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/solar-system/news/a26044/cassini-evidence-hydrothermal-vents-enceladus/
"When NASA researchers first realized in 2005 that Saturn's moon Enceladus has liquid water under its surface, they were stunned. 'Tremendously exciting,' Cassini project scientist Linda Spilker told Popular Mechanics. 'I sort of call it jaw-dropping because we were so certain that Enceladus was too small to support activity like this. We expected it to be frozen solid.' Since then, the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn has sent back amazing visuals and data about this small watery moon, now considered one of the best places to look for life beyond Earth."
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Special thanks to Julian Huguet for hosting and writing this episode of Seeker!
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What Does It Sound Like On The Surface Of Venus?

There is no sound on space, but there is on other planets. Find out what it may sound like to visit Venus. A collaboration video with the 20k Hertz Podcast. Music provided by Musicbed.
Subscribe to 20k Hertz - https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/twenty-thousand-hertz/id1171270672?mt=2
Listen to full Space Episode of 20k Hertz - https://www.20k.org/episodes/space
Check out the 20k Hertz playlist - music.20k.org
https://twitter.com/20korg
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NASA's Plan To Use A Giant Magnet To Make Mars Habitable - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XnpU9ZMFEg&t=47s
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Read More:
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html
Eavesdropping on Mars
http://www.space.com/32696-microphone-on-nasa-mars-rover-2020.html
Can you hear sound in space?
http://www.seeker.com/can-you-hear-sound-in-space-1792477075.html
What would your voice sound like on Venus?
http://io9.gizmodo.com/5898514/what-would-your-voice-sound-like-on-venus

NASA's Plan To Use A Giant Magnet To Make Mars Habitable

NASA might have a plan to make Mars habitable, and it would involve a giant space magnet.
We Found New Planets. No, You Can't Live There - https://youtu.be/9IEteg3ms3g
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Mars' atmosphere stripped by solar winds, NASA says
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/06/science/space/mars-atmosphere-stripped-away-by-solar-storms-nasa-says.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=960DFDF31E5F9677BB724A1705737078&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
Maven Mission reveals speed of solar wind stripping martian atmosphere
http://news.agu.org/press-release/maven-mission-reveals-speed-of-solar-wind-stripping-martian-atmosphere/
NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission has identified the process that appears to have played a key role in the transition of the Martian climate from an early, warm and wet environment that might have supported surface life to the cold, arid planet Mars is today.
It's Official: NASA Announces Mars' Atmosphere Was Stripped Away by Solar Winds
http://www.sciencealert.com/live-updates-nasa-is-announcing-what-happened-to-mars-atmosphere-right-now
We finally have an understanding of how Mars transformed from a once habitable, Earth-like planet into the dry world we see today. NASA researchers have just announced that Mars' once rich atmosphere was stripped away by solar winds in the early days of the Solar System, causing the planet to dry out.
A future Mars environment for science and exploration
http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/V2050/pdf/8250.pdf
This may sound "fanciful" but new research is starting to emerge revealing that a miniature magnetosphere can be used to protect humans and spacecraft.
Writer: Alex Parkin
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When A Satellite Goes Missing, What Can We Do?

Space is big and easy to get lost in. When we lose contact with spacecraft, scientists have some complicated methods to find them again.
The Bizarre Story Of The Very First Vaccine - https://youtu.be/fF5-aJ-o0Os
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NASA just found a spacecraft that's been lost for two years
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/08/23/nasa-just-found-a-spacecraft-thats-been-lost-for-two-years/?utm_term=.c97ac4b58116
"NASA is reporting that one of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatories, known as the STEREO-B spacecraft, has made contact after two years of silence. Along with its sister STEREO-A, the prodigal probe is tasked with observing the sun."
Russian Cargo Spacecraft May Be Lost in Space
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/russian-cargo-spacecraft-may-be-lost-in-space/
"Russia's space agency, Roscosmos, launched a new cargo ship to the International Space Station today (Dec. 1), but the fate of the robotic supply ship is unclear after issues cropped up during its trip into space."
Zond 3: First to See Moon's Far Side on the Way to Mars
http://www.seeker.com/zond-3-first-to-see-moons-far-side-on-the-way-to-mars-1767663545.html
"The last communications from Zond 3 came on Sept. 16, 1966 when the spacecraft was just over 95 million miles away from the Earth. The mission never made it to Mars - as it missed a critical launch window - but Zond 3 was an important spacecraft test with the mission highlight of imaging the lunar far side."
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The Crazy Way Scientists Launch Rockets From Balloons

Large chemical rockets are needed to launch payloads into space from the ground, but could rockoons, rocket balloons, be a more efficient alternative?
Pluto Could Be Made A Planet Again, Along With 102 Other Celestial Bodies - https://youtu.be/76hv6KOB-AI
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Rockoon
http://www.astronautix.com/r/rockoon.html
"The Rockoon (balloon-launched rocket) consisted of a small high-performance sounding rocket launched from a balloon above most of the atmosphere. The Rockoon low-cost technique was conceived during an Aerobee firing cruse of the Norton Sound in March 1949. Rockoons were first launched from icebreaker Eastwind off Greenland by an ONR group under James A. Van Allen."
Bloostar - How We Do It
http://www.zero2infinity.space/bloostar/how-we-do-it/
"The balloon lifts the rocket through the densest parts of the atmosphere. Instead of fighting gravity, we use it to our advantage. The rocket only ignites in almost-vacuum conditions, where there is virtually no drag and rockets work at full efficiency. We can also accommodate a larger payload than usual. This is the environmentally friendly way to put satellites into precise orbits!"
Development of the First Sounding Rockets
https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4401/ch4.htm
"Rockoons have been mentioned several times in the preceding pages, particularly in connection with the Deacon rocket. The Deacons were used on most rockoons, but a rockoon is actually the combination of any balloon with any rocket. The rockoon concept seems to have been originated by Lt. M. L. (Lee) Lewis during a conversation with S. F. Singer and George Halvorson during the Aerobee firing cruise of the U.S.S. Norton Sound in March 1949. The basic idea is to lift a small sounding rocket high above the dense atmosphere with a large balloon in the Skyhook class."
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We Found New Planets. No, You Can't Live There

Everyone is freaking out about the discovery of 7 new potentially-habitable exoplanets, but is Trappist-1 really as good as it sounds?
Pluto Could Be Made A Planet Again, Along With 102 Other Celestial Bodies - https://youtu.be/76hv6KOB-AI
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'Habitable' Exoplanets Might Not Be Very Earth-Like After All
http://www.seeker.com/habitable-exoplanets-might-not-be-very-earth-like-after-all-2292844800.html
"One of the most exciting moments in exoplanet science came in late February, when NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope announced the discovery of seven rocky planets orbiting in or near the habitable zone of their parent star, TRAPPIST-1, which lies 40 light years away from Earth. Comparing the habitability of our own planet to the conditions on newly-discovered exoplanets, however, could be misleading, according to the authors of a commentary in the journal Nature Astronomy."
Astronomers Aren't Sure if TRAPPIST-1's Planets Are Habitable After All
http://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-question-if-trappist-1-s-planets-are-habitable-afterall
"In what is becoming a bit of a rollercoaster of emotions, it seems that at least a couple - if not all -- of the seven planets in the TRAPPIST-1 solar system could have already been stripped of their atmosphere by the star's radiation, making it unlikely that liquid water could flow on their surfaces after all."
NASA Telescope Reveals Largest Batch of Earth-Size, Habitable-Zone Planets Around Single Star
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around/
"NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope has revealed the first known system of seven Earth-size planets around a single star. Three of these planets are firmly located in the habitable zone, the area around the parent star where a rocky planet is most likely to have liquid water. The discovery sets a new record for greatest number of habitable-zone planets found around a single star outside our solar system."
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Astronomers Made A Family Tree For The Stars In Our Galaxy

By studying the chemical makeup of stars, researchers have made a "family tree" for our sun and other stellar bodies.
Why Are Most Galaxies Spiral-Shaped? - https://youtu.be/aIUu5uMKB70
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Mapping the family tree of stars
https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/mapping-the-family-tree-of-stars
"By studying chemical signatures found in the stars, they are piecing together these evolutionary trees looking at how the stars formed and how they are connected to each other. The signatures act as a proxy for DNA sequences."
Family tree of stars helps reconstruct Milky Way's formation
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2121747-family-tree-of-stars-helps-reconstruct-milky-ways-formation/
"The red dwarf doesn't fall far from the tree. Astronomers are borrowing a technique from biology to build a family tree of the origins of stars. A star's chemical make-up can tell you a lot about where it came from. The universe's first stars were mostly made of hydrogen and helium, and they fused those elements together into heavier ones. When massive stars explode as supernovae, they disperse the heavier elements they've built into space, where they become the building blocks of the next generation of stars. Stars born after many generations have heavier elements in greater abundance than do older ones."
Cosmic phylogeny: reconstructing the chemical history of the solar neighbourhood with an evolutionary tree
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/467/1/1140/2966869/Cosmic-phylogeny-reconstructing-the-chemical?redirectedFrom=fulltext
"Using 17 chemical elements as a proxy for stellar DNA, we present a full phylogenetic study of stars in the solar neighbourhood. This entails applying a clustering technique that is widely used in molecular biology to construct an evolutionary tree from which three branches emerge."
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Written By: Julian Huguet

Pluto Could Be Made A Planet Again, Along With 102 Other Celestial Bodies

This proposed new definition of "planets" would bring back Pluto, but would also reclassify over a hundred other celestial bodies -- including our moon!
Do You Know What Color Pluto Really Is? - https://youtu.be/8beVI8wdkZg
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Behind the Push to Get Pluto Its Planetary Groove Back
http://www.seeker.com/behind-the-push-to-get-pluto-its-planetary-groove-back-2290287200.html
"Pluto's loss of planetary status in 2006 remains controversial. Now a new definition is being proposed that would restore Pluto while increasing the number of "planets" in our solar system to over 110."
NASA Scientists Have Proposed a New Definition of Planets, and Pluto Could Soon Be Back
http://www.sciencealert.com/nasa-scientists-have-proposed-a-new-definition-for-planets-and-it-could-change-everything
"The key change the team is hoping to get approved is that cosmic bodies in our Solar System no longer need to be orbiting the Sun to be considered planets - they say we should be looking at their intrinsic physical properties, not their interactions with stars."
Should Pluto Be a Planet After All? Experts Weigh In
http://www.space.com/9553-pluto-planet-experts-weigh.html
"Pluto was demoted to a newly created category, "dwarf planet," in 2006, partly because of the discovery a year earlier of Eris, another icy body from Pluto's neighborhood. Eris was thought to be bigger than Pluto until Nov. 6, when astronomers got a chance to recalculate Eris' size."
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This Powerful New Technology May Be The Only Way To Explore Venus

NASA engineers have finally developed new technology to land on Venus' extremely hazardous environment! How did they do it?
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There Could Have Been Life On Venus! - https://youtu.be/DNILir-SvfM
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Prolonged silicon carbide integrated circuit operation in Venus surface atmospheric conditions
http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4973429
"The prolonged operation of semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) needed for long-duration exploration of the surface of Venus has proven insurmountably challenging to date due to the ? 460 °C, ? 9.4 MPa caustic environment. Past and planned Venus landers have been limited to a few hours of surface operation, even when IC electronics needed for basic lander operation are protected with heavily cumbersome pressure vessels and cooling measures."
NASA Glenn Demonstrates Electronics for Longer Venus Surface Missions
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-glenn-demonstrates-electronics-for-longer-venus-surface-missions
"A team of scientists at NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland recently completed a technology demonstration that could enable new scientific missions to the surface of Venus. The team demonstrated the first prolonged operation of electronics in the harsh conditions found on Venus."
Venera programme
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/space_missions/venera
"The Soviet Union sent a series of 16 unmanned Venera probes to study Venus, starting in 1961. Venera 4, 5 and 6 surveyed the atmosphere, but were destroyed by the planet's extreme pressures and temperatures before they reached the surface."
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Do You Have The Right Personality For Long-Term Space Travel?

The extreme isolation of space travel has been known to make astronauts exhibit erratic psychological behavior. What does it take to stay sane in space?
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Does Space Travel Make You Stupid? - https://youtu.be/z0YVhEfkbIg
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Mars 500: Study Overview
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Mars500/Mars500_study_overview
"Making sure that our astronauts are prepared mentally and physically for the demands of long exploration missions is imperative a mission's success. In light of this, ESA undertook a cooperative project with the Russian Institute for Biomedical Problems (IBMP) in Moscow, called Mars500."
Personality Characteristics and Trait Clusters in Final Stage Astronaut Selection
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8617468_Personality_Characteristics_and_Trait_Clusters_in_Final_Stage_Astronaut_Selection
"Questions addressed include whether personality predicted final selection into the astronaut corps, whether women and men demonstrated typical gender differences in personality, and whether three characteristic clusters found in other high performance populations replicated in this group."
How Long Does It Take to Get to Mars?
http://www.space.com/24701-how-long-does-it-take-to-get-to-mars.html
"Mars is the fourth planet from the sun, and the second closest to Earth (Venus is the closest). But the distance between the two planets is constantly changing as they travel around the sun."
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Organic Matter Just Found On Dwarf Planet Ceres! Could Alien Life Be Next?

This discovery means the nearby planet has the building blocks for life, and they most likely, came from within the planet itself.
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Organic Material Discovery Suggests Life Could Exist on Dwarf Planet Ceres
http://www.seeker.com/organics-found-on-dwarf-planet-ceres-2266073354.html
NASA's Dawn mission has detected tar-like organic compounds on the dwarf planet's surface, bolstering prospects for life on the largest body in the asteroid belt.
Scientists study geology of Ceres to understand origin of organics
https://phys.org/news/2017-02-scientists-geology-ceres.html
"NASA's Dawn spacecraft recently detected organic-rich areas on Ceres. Scientists evaluated the geology of the regions to conclude that the organics are most likely native to the dwarf planet. Data from the spacecraft suggest that the interior of Ceres is the source of these organic materials, as opposed to arriving via impacting asteroids or comets, according to a paper published in the Feb. 17, 2017, issue of Science."
Ceres hosts organic compounds, and they formed on the asteroid, not beyond
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-02/aaft-cho021317.php
"Aliphatic organic compounds - carbon-based building blocks that may have a role in the chemistry that creates life - have been detected for the first time on Ceres, an asteroid and dwarf planet, a new study reveals."
Astronomers discover complex organic matter exists throughout the universe
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111026143721.htm
"Researchers from Hong Kong report that organic compounds of unexpected complexity exist throughout the Universe. They indicate that an organic substance commonly found throughout the Universe contains a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic components."
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Written by: Andrea Bloom

Everything You Need To Know About Galactic Ice Volcanoes!

Cryovolcanoes are a lot like volcanoes here on Earth, except they erupt with ice and – so far – only found on frozen worlds.
Why This Mysterious Dwarf Planet Is Baffling Scientists - https://youtu.be/XdZ9uvRmDHM
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The Curious Case of Ceres' Vanishing Ice Volcanoes
http://www.seeker.com/dwarf-planet-ceres-mountain-nasa-dawn-water-ice-planets-2234110966.html
"NASA's Dawn spacecraft is currently orbiting Ceres, the solar system's innermost dwarf planet. Many weird and wonderful things have been discovered, but some of these findings have created new and perplexing mysteries. One such mystery is centered around Ceres' ice volcanoes - or lack thereof. Ice volcanoes, or cryovolcanoes, are features that are thought to be common on the surfaces of cold bodies in the outer solar system, creating ice analogs of the volcanoes we have on Earth."
Lonely Ice Volcano On Ceres May Have Once Had Company
http://www.space.com/35571-ceres-ice-volcano-ahuna-mons.html
"Ahuna Mons could simply be a one-of-a-kind feature. But new research by Sori and his colleagues suggests another possible answer: Ahuna Mons may have once had company, older cryovolcanoes that flattened out and disappeared over the eons via a process called 'viscous relaxation.' Viscous relaxation means that many solids on a planetary surface will flow, given enough time. Earth's mountains don't relax in an appreciable way, because they're made of rock. But Ahuna Mons has a lot of water ice mixed in and is therefore a relaxation candidate, Sori said."
Where is the Ice on Ceres? New NASA Dawn Findings
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/where-is-the-ice-on-ceres-new-nasa-dawn-findings
"At first glance, Ceres, the largest body in the main asteroid belt, may not look icy. Images from NASA's Dawn spacecraft have revealed a dark, heavily cratered world whose brightest area is made of highly reflective salts -- not ice. But newly published studies from Dawn scientists show two distinct lines of evidence for ice at or near the surface of the dwarf planet."
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The Trillion Dollar Reason To Go Back To The Moon

We went to the moon and collected its rocks way back in the 1960s, so why are companies spending millions to be the first ones back there?
Could We Create A Livable Atmosphere On The Moon? - https://youtu.be/ksvlHp--TgA
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Meet The 5 Teams That Are Launching To The Moon This Year
http://lunar.xprize.org/news/blog/meet-5-teams-are-launching-moon-year
"These teams are employing a variety of technology to land first and claim the fame, and they hail from Japan, India, the United States, and Israel, with launches set to happen from places as far-flung as California, USA; Sriharikota, India; and Mahia, New Zealand. Here's a look at all five teams, and their technology that's set to make big space history."
An audacious plan to mine the surface of the moon
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2015/03/19/an-audacious-plan-to-mine-the-surface-of-the-moon/?utm_term=.2c73c3211238
"Soft-landing on the moon is a feat that has only been accomplished before by three superpowers - the United States, Russia and China. The notion that a team of approximately 40 employees at a Silicon Valley start-up that was founded only in August 2010 could pull off the same feat is audacious in and of itself."
Helium-3 Mining on the Lunar Surface
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Preparing_for_the_Future/Space_for_Earth/Energy/Helium-3_mining_on_the_lunar_surface
"The idea of harvesting a clean and efficient form of energy from the Moon has stimulated science fiction and fact in recent decades. Unlike Earth, which is protected by its magnetic field, the Moon has been bombarded with large quantities of Helium-3 by the solar wind. It is thought that this isotope could provide safer nuclear energy in a fusion reactor, since it is not radioactive and would not produce dangerous waste products."
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How Many People Would We Need To Colonize Another Earth?

Various companies are working to settle on other planets. How long would it take and what issues would we face along the way?
Earth-Like Planet Discovered! What You Need To Know - https://youtu.be/NIz42cy0vLQ
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Estimation of a genetically viable population for multigenerational interstellar voyaging
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576513004669
"Designing interstellar starships for human migration to exoplanets requires establishing the starship population, which factors into many variables including closed-ecosystem design, architecture, mass and propulsion."
How We Could Visit the Possibly Earth-Like Planet Proxima b
http://www.space.com/33844-proxima-b-exoplanet-interstellar-mission.html
"A potentially Earth-like planet has been discovered orbiting a star located right next door to the sun. Should humanity try to send a probe there as soon as possible?"
Inbreeding shaped the course of human evolution
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22029453-500-inbreeding-shaped-the-course-of-human-evolution/
"Talk about an inauspicious beginning. For thousands of years our ancestors lived in small, isolated populations, leaving them severely inbred, according to a new genetic analysis. The inbreeding may have caused a host of health problems, and it is likely that small populations were a barrier to the development of complex technologies."
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These Incredible Pictures From Space Will Help Us Predict Deadly Storms

NOAA just released the first images from their newest weather satellite, GOES-16, which has improved spectral channels and resolution!
How Space Weather is Messing With Satellites - https://youtu.be/9cxMOekU4bc
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GOES-16 Image Gallery
https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/goes-16-image-gallery
"This composite color full-disk visible image is from 1:07 p.m. EDT on January 15, 2017 and was created using several of the 16 spectral channels available on the GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) instrument. The image shows North and South America and the surrounding oceans."
GOES-16 satellite sends first images of Earth
https://phys.org/news/2017-01-goes-satellite-images-earth.html
"Since the GOES-16 satellite lifted off from Cape Canaveral on November 19, scientists, meteorologists and ordinary weather enthusiasts have anxiously waited for the first photos from NOAA's newest weather satellite, GOES-16, formerly GOES-R."
Satellite's 1st Views of Earth (and Moon) Are Jaw-Dropping
http://www.space.com/35423-goes-16-jaw-dropping-views-of-earth-and-moon.html
"A new weather-tracking satellite has beamed back its first images of Earth from orbit, and the view is absolutely beautiful! The new satellite, called GOES-16, is the first of four cutting-edge weather satellites - collectively known as GOES-R - to be launched into space, and the 16th GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) mission in all."
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Written By: Sophie Bakoledis

NASA Solved The Mystery Of The Moon's Strange Glow!

A recent NASA study on lunar dust may have found the reason behind the moon's strange glow, and it's not what scientists expected.
The Air On Mars Has A Mysterious Glow. Here's Why - https://youtu.be/wHiV2bOQVUw
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Static Electricity May Transport Dust Across Airless Planetary Bodies
https://www.nasa.gov/ames/feature/static-electricity-may-transport-dust-across-airless-planetary-bodies
"A NASA-funded research team, led by Mihaly Horanyi at the University of Colorado-Boulder (CU-Boulder), has conducted laboratory experiments to bring closure to a long-standing issue of electrostatic dust transport, explaining a variety of unusual phenomena on the surfaces of airless planetary bodies, including observations from the Apollo era to the recent Rosetta comet mission."
The Moon Is Probably Older Than We Thought - and Life Could Be Too
http://www.seeker.com/moon-age-life-evolution-solar-system-geology-apollo-samples-2188957404.html
"The moon is older than previously thought, pushing back the clock for when conditions on Earth were suitable for life, research published on Wednesday shows. A new analysis of zircon fragments trapped in rock samples retrieved by the Apollo 14 astronauts shows that the moon is 4.51 billion years old, meaning it formed within 60 million years of the birth of the solar system."
The Mystery Of Moon Dust
http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/the-mystery-of-moon-dust
"When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the lunar surface's low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in Houston, scientists discovered that the seals had been destroyed-by moon dust."
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Europe’s New GPS System Is Already Broken!... Can We Fix It?

On Galileo's 18 GPS satellites, there are 9 broken atomic clocks. How do we fix satellites when they break?
How Satellites Track Your Exact Location - https://youtu.be/04VK5XscxB4
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Galileo satellites experiencing multiple clock failures
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-38664225
"The onboard atomic clocks that drive the satellite-navigation signals on Europe's Galileo network have been failing at an alarming rate. Across the 18 satellites now in orbit, nine clocks have stopped operating."
Repairing the Hubble Space Telescope: The Tools Astronauts Used
http://www.space.com/29507-hubble-space-telescope-repair-tools.html
"When NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope on April 24, 1990, the agency already intended to send astronauts up to change out the observatory's scientific instruments from time to time, keeping it at the forefront of science."
Kepler's Second Light: How K2 Will Work
https://www.nasa.gov/kepler/keplers-second-light-how-k2-will-work
"In May, Kepler lost the second of four gyroscope-like reaction wheels, ending new data collection for the original mission. A new mission concept, dubbed K2, would continue Kepler's search for other worlds, and introduce new opportunities to observe star clusters, young and old stars, active galaxies and supernovae."
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Co-Written by: Trace Dominguez

Did The Sun Steal Planet Nine From Another Solar System?

Outer space is full of free-floating orphan planets searching for a new home. What would happen if one flew into our solar system?
Would NASA Tell Us About Alien Contact? - https://youtu.be/YW3KPiPeKYg
How The Mysterious Planet 9 Is Tilting Our Solar System - https://youtu.be/Yo0Bz-8ZeR8
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'Planet Nine' Could Be an Alien Intruder
http://www.seeker.com/planet-nine-astronomy-solar-system-mystery-planets-pluto-2192095886.html
"New dynamical simulations suggest that the mysterious unseen world might be an interstellar rogue that was captured by our solar system."
Lonely Rogue Worlds Surprisingly Outnumber Planets with Suns
http://www.space.com/11699-rogue-alien-planets-milky-common.html
"Astronomers have discovered a whole new class of alien planet: a vast population of Jupiter-mass worlds that float through space without any discernible host star, a new study finds."
Free-Floating Planets May Be More Common Than Stars
https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/18may_orphanplanets
"Astronomers have discovered a new class of Jupiter-sized planets floating alone in the dark of space, away from the light of a star. The team believes these lone worlds are probably outcasts from developing planetary systems and, moreover, they could be twice as numerous as the stars themselves."
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Special thanks to Amy Shira Teitel for hosting and writing this episode of DNews!
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Could Space Travel Make You Go Blind?

Astronauts who return from long trips in space often return with vision loss, and now researchers think they know why.
How Long Could You Survive In Outer Space? - https://youtu.be/RjkrqMm52JI
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New Findings on Astronaut Vision Loss
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/vision_changes.html
"Could vision changes experienced by astronauts be linked to a vitamin B-12 or folate deficiency? While investigating the vision changes recently identified in astronauts, nutritional assessment data showed similarities to symptoms that occur with vitamin deficiencies, according to a new study published in the March edition of The Journal of Nutrition."
Space could leave you blind, and scientists say they've finally figured out why
http://www.sciencealert.com/we-finally-know-why-astronauts-lose-their-vision-in-space-and-it-s-bad-news-for-mars-missions
"A mysterious syndrome has been impairing astronauts' vision on the International Space Station, causing untreatable nearsightedness that lingers for months even after they've returned to Earth."
Astronaut vision may be impaired by spinal fluid changes: study
http://phys.org/news/2016-11-astronaut-vision-impaired-spinal-fluid.html
"Astronauts may experience blurry vision and impaired eyesight after long spaceflights due to changes in spinal fluid that occur while in microgravity, researchers said Monday. Nearly two-thirds of astronauts have reported problems with their eyes after spending months at the International Space Station, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)."
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Written by: Chante Owens and Julian Huguet

What Happens When Galaxies Die?

About half of the galaxies in our universe are dead, but how exactly did that happen? How do galaxies die?
Why Are Most Galaxies Spiral Shaped? - https://youtu.be/aIUu5uMKB70
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'Dead' Galaxy May Hide Dark Matter Surprise
http://www.seeker.com/dead-galaxy-may-hide-dark-matter-surprise-1770502680.html
"While measuring the speed of stars whirling around a nearby dwarf galaxy, astronomers have realized that a reservoir of dark matter may be lurking within."
Is our Milky Way galaxy a zombie, already dead and we don't know it?
http://phys.org/news/2016-01-milky-galaxy-zombie-dead-dont.html
"Like a zombie, the Milky Way galaxy may already be dead but it still keeps going. Our galactic neighbor Andromeda almost certainly expired a few billion years ago, but only recently started showing outward signs of its demise."
Hubble Sees 'Ghost Light' From Dead Galaxies
https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-sees-ghost-light-from-dead-galaxies/
"NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has picked up the faint, ghostly glow of stars ejected from ancient galaxies that were gravitationally ripped apart several billion years ago. The mayhem happened 4 billion light-years away, inside an immense collection of nearly 500 galaxies nicknamed "Pandora's Cluster," also known as Abell 2744."
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Written by: Trace Dominguez

Our Moon Might Be Made Up Of Many Smaller Moons

Scientists have long agreed on a theory of how the moon was formed, but this study is stirring up a debate. How exactly did the moon form?
Why Does Earth Only Have One Moon? - https://youtu.be/2HoVa2-PLCM
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Our Moon May Have Eaten Many Smaller Moons
http://www.seeker.com/moon-formation-earth-astrogeology-geology-solar-system-2186522178.html
"In research published on Monday in the journal Nature Geoscience, these multiple impacts may have created many moons, which eventually coalesced to create The Moon. Therefore, a massive Earth-Theia impact event probably isn't required."
Origin of the Moon
http://www.nature.com/ngeo/index.html
"A giant impact has been proposed as being responsible for forming the Moon, but scenarios that match existing constraints are improbable. Numerical modelling now suggests that instead a series of smaller and more common impacts can explain the Earth-Moon system."
How the Moon Formed: 5 Wild Lunar Theories
http://www.space.com/25322-moon-formation-wild-theories.html
"Here's a brief rundown of the most prominent theories scientists have come up with to explain the moon's origin, including a few relatively wild ones with little observational evidence to back them up."
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There Are Oceans In Our Solar System That Could Contain Life

Where else in our solar system is there water? How are oceans in outer space different than ours?
Is The Moon A Star? - https://youtu.be/tYYgHq1FfDk
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Cassini Finds Global Ocean in Saturn's Moon Enceladus
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4718
“Researchers found the magnitude of the moon's very slight wobble, as it orbits Saturn, can only be accounted for if its outer ice shell is not frozen solid to its interior, meaning a global ocean must be present.”
Does Jupiter's Moon Europa Have a Subsurface Ocean? Here's What We Know
http://www.space.com/34172-europa-subsurface-ocean-what-we-know.html
“NASA will hold a briefing today (Sept. 26) on new findings about "activity that may be related to the presence of a subsurface ocean on Europa." Jupiter's moon Europa is often touted as a possible abode for life, because of the potential liquid water ocean beneath its icy surface. But how much do we know about Europa, really?”
Evidence Mounts for Ocean on Jupiter's Moon Europa
http://www.seeker.com/evidence-mounts-for-ocean-on-jupiters-moon-europa-2016783960.html
“Some of the longest linear features did not fit predicted patterns of fractures that should be created by tides as Europa orbits Jupiter. Instead, the patterns matched what would happen if Europa's surface could move independently, without being locked to the interior, such as what would happen if a layer of liquid or slightly warmer ice existed between the crust and the deep interior, NASA said.”
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Written By: Trace Dominguez

You Don’t Even Want To Know About Bacteria On The Space Station

Think the ISS is squeaky clean...think again! Bacteria like Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae absolutely thrive in space stations!
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Where Are The Most Bacteria-Filled Places In Your Life? - https://youtu.be/NYgvCtrdu2U
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New Research Collaboration Explores Microbiome of the Space Station
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-research-collaboration-explores-microbiome-of-the-space-station
“More than 200 people have crossed the airlock threshold to the International Space Station to conduct research that benefits people on Earth and the agency’s Journey to Mars. The microbes they brought with them—and left behind—are the focus of a new collaborative research opportunity from NASA and the non-profit Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.”
How does ultraviolet light kill cells?
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-does-ultraviolet-ligh/
“Ultraviolet (UV) light kills cells by damaging their DNA. The light initiates a reaction between two molecules of thymine, one of the bases that make up DNA. The resulting thymine dimer is very stable, but repair of this kind of DNA damage--usually by excising or removing the two bases and filling in the gaps with new nucleotides--is fairly efficient.”
Four-year bacterial monitoring in the International Space Station—Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo” with culture-independent approach
http://www.nature.com/articles/npjmgrav20167
“We performed microbial monitoring in the Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo”, a part of the International Space Station, for 4 years after its completion, and analyzed samples with modern molecular microbiological techniques. Sampling was performed in September 2009, February 2011, and October 2012.”
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Can Science Determine When Jesus Was Actually Born?

What was the ‘Star of Bethlehem’ and was it really shining on Jesus’ birthday? Astronomers offer some theories.
What Did Jesus Really Look Like? - https://youtu.be/_WZYdQu51vE
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What We Know About When Jesus Was Actually Born
http://time.com/4157162/jesus-born-christmas/
“The birth of Jesus Christ is pretty much the most basic element of the Christmas story. From common carols to the imagery of the nativity scene, the idea that Christmas is his birthday is everywhere.”
Was the Christmas Star real?
http://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/was-the-christmas-star-real
“That is the picture most of us have of the Christmas Star, but it’s an image derived more from imagination and greeting cards than from the Bible. In fact, the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament is the only place this “star” is mentioned in the Bible (Matt 2:2, 7-10, King James Version).”
Was the Star of Bethlehem a Star, Comet ... or Miracle?
http://www.space.com/14036-christmas-star-bethlehem-comet-planet-theories.html
“But there are many other contributing factors to this age-old story, including the uncertainty in the actual date of Christ's birth and the terminology used to describe celestial events during the Star's appearance some 20 centuries ago. For instance, any heavenly object bright enough to attract attention was apt to be called a ‘star.’”
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We Can Now Predict Weather On Alien Worlds

Exactly how hot are hot Jupiters? Try about 3300 fahrenheit! Researchers are studying this and other crazy weather patterns on exoplanets!
These Terrifying Alien Worlds Actually Exist - https://youtu.be/pXoeNrXfXwA
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Exoplanet Weather Report: Windy, With Clouds of Rubies and Sapphires
http://www.seeker.com/exoplanet-weather-rubies-sapphire-kepler-space-telescope-hot-jupiter-2144539202.html
“For the first time, scientists have glimpsed the weather on a planet beyond the solar system and discovered its clouds are likely made from the same material that forms rubies and sapphires.”
This Giant Planet Is So Huge It Makes Its Sun Spin Faster
http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/a21222/giant-planet-makes-its-host-star-spin-faster/
“An international team of astronomers led by Kaloyan Penev of Princeton University recently discovered a hot Jupiter exoplanet that seems to be speeding up the rotation of its host star. The planet, called HATS-18b, is about 2,100 light-years away, and it is massive enough and close enough to its parent star to influence the star's rotation with its gravity.”
Liftoff of the Kepler spacecraft
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/launch/index.html
“The Delta II rocket carrying NASA's Kepler spacecraft lifted off March 6, 2009 from Launch Complex 17-B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Launch occurred at 7:49 p.m. PST, sending the agency's first planet-hunting spacecraft on a three-and-a-half-year mission to seek signs of other Earth-like planets.”
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Written by: Ian O’Neill

Why Don't We Launch More Rockets From Airplanes?

NASA recently launched a spacecraft horizontally from an airplane, rather than vertically from the ground. Should we launch more like this?
Why Did The Antares Rocket Explode? - https://youtu.be/Nok2uw3cTig
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NASA Rocket Deploys 'Satellite Constellation' After Unique Air-Launch
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/15/505701630/watch-nasa-rocket-deploys-satellite-constellation-after-unique-air-launch
"First, an aircraft called "Stargazer" took off from Florida's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Thursday morning. Then, when it reached 39,000 feet above sea level and about 110 nautical miles off Daytona Beach, it air-launched the Orbital ATK Pegasus XL rocket, which was carrying the satellites."
NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: X-15 Hypersonic Research Program
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/FactSheets/FS-052-DFRC.html
"In the joint X-15 hypersonic research program that NASA conducted with the Air Force, the Navy, and North American Aviation, Inc., the aircraft flew over a period of nearly 10 years and set the world's unofficial speed and altitude records of 4,520 mph (Mach 6.7) and 354,200 feet in a program to investigate all aspects of piloted hypersonic flight."
Pegasus
https://www.orbitalatk.com/flight-systems/space-launch-vehicles/pegasus/
"On April 5, 1990, Orbital ATK began a new era in commercial space flight when our Pegasus rocket was launched from beneath a NASA B-52 aircraft in a mission that originated from Dryden Flight Research Center in California. In the decades since its maiden flight, Pegasus has become the world's standard for affordable and reliable small launch vehicles. It has conducted 42 missions, launching 86 satellites."
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Written by: Trace Dominguez

The Extreme Environments Where Astronauts Train For Space

We all know astronauts have an exciting and dangerous job, but what kind of extreme lengths do they go to to train for space?
What Does Space Smell Like? - https://youtu.be/Dn23GbsWJjE
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Johnson Space Center Training for space
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/160410main_space_training_fact_sheet.pdf
Johnson Space Center is home to the nation’s astronaut corps and is responsible for preparing explorers from both the U.S. and its international partners for the demands of living and working in space. The first U.S. astronauts were selected in 1959.
Why Are Astronauts Weightless Space?
http://www.universetoday.com/95308/why-are-astronauts-weightless-in-space/
Most of our regular readers understand why astronauts and objects appear to float around on the International Space Station, but there are some misconceptions and preconceived notions out there on this topic that aren’t true and which don’t represent a very good understanding of physics!
Cavenauts 2016
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Caves/2016_cavenauts
ESA astronaut Pedro Duque was born on 14 March 1963 in Madrid, Spain. He enjoys diving, swimming and cycling. Pedro flew as a Mission Specialist on the Space Shuttle Discovery for STS-95 mission from 29 October to 7 November 1998. The nine-day mission was dedicated to research in weightlessness and solar studies. Pedro was responsible for the five ESA scientific facilities and for the computer system on the Space Shuttle.
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Written By: Julian Huguet

The Earth's Magnetic Shield Cracked, Are We Doomed?

Earth’s magnetosphere protects us from harmful radiation in space, but scientists have just found a crack in it. Are we doomed?
How Radiation Changes Your DNA - https://youtu.be/PQjL4ZDuq2o
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Scientists have detected a crack in Earth's magnetic shield
http://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-have-detected-a-crack-in-earth-s-magnetic-shield
“Scientists have been investigating one of the most powerful geomagnetic storms in recent history, and they’ve discovered that our protective barrier isn’t as secure as we thought it was. Turns out, our magnetosphere has been cracked.”
Can Solar Flares Hurt Astronauts?
http://www.universetoday.com/92897/can-solar-flares-hurt-astronauts/
“In a nutshell, cosmic rays are bad. Especially in large, long-term doses. Now the astronauts aboard the ISS are still well within Earth’s protective magnetic field and so are shielded from much of the cosmic radiation that passes through our solar system daily. And, strangely enough, when solar flares occur – such as today’s – the amount of cosmic radiation the ISS encounters actually decreases.”
What Are Cosmic Rays?
http://www.space.com/32644-cosmic-rays.html
“Cosmic rays are atom fragments that rain down on the Earth from outside of the solar system. They blaze at the speed of light and have been blamed for electronics problems in satellites and other machinery. First discovered in 1912, many things about cosmic rays remain a mystery more than a century later.”
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Scientists Discovered A New Way Galaxies Form

For the first time, scientists have found a new galaxy forming in cold gas! How else can galaxies form?
Everything We Know About The Andromeda Galaxy - https://youtu.be/TrUq1F4ImXc
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Embryonic cluster galaxy immersed in giant cloud of cold gas
http://phys.org/news/2016-12-embryonic-cluster-galaxy-immersed-giant.html
"Astronomers studying a cluster of still-forming protogalaxies seen as they were more than 10 billion years ago have found that a giant galaxy in the center of the cluster is forming from a surprisingly-dense soup of molecular gas."
Which Came First: The Galaxy Or The Black Hole?
http://www.npr.org/2012/11/29/166186753/which-came-first-the-galaxy-or-the-black-hole
"Robert Siegel talks with UT-Austin astrophysicist Karl Gebhardt about his team's discovery of a giant black hole in a tiny galaxy. The discovery contradicts traditional theories of galaxy formation."
Hubble spots a galaxy at only 400 million years after the Big Bang
http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/03/hubble-spots-a-galaxy-at-only-400-million-years-after-the-big-bang/
"When did the first stars and galaxies form? The earliest thing we can see in the Universe is the Cosmic Microwave Background, created about 400,000 years after the Big Bang. The event that created the CMB filled the Universe with neutral hydrogen, which efficiently absorbs most of the wavelengths of light we would normally use to detect the first galaxies."
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The Air On Mars Has A Mysterious Glow. Here's Why

New ultraviolet images from NASA show that Mars' atmosphere lights up at night! What is a nightglow and what causes it?
Can The Earth Run Out Of Oxygen? - https://youtu.be/CUR1t2lwdB0
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New View of Mars Reveals Ghostly Ultraviolet Glow
http://www.seeker.com/mars-nasa-maven-mystery-ultraviolet-atmosphere-nasa-discovery-2053494156.html
"Mars in ultraviolet light is a wondrous place. By night, the dark side of the planet is aglow with nitric oxide. By day, clouds quickly merge together into banks that stretch 1,000 miles long."
Gorgeous Mars 'Nightglow' Spotted by NASA Orbiter
http://www.space.com/34424-mars-nightglow-nasa-maven-orbiter.html
"The first detailed look at Martian "nightglow" has been revealed, thanks to the work of NASA's newest Red Planet orbiter. The space agency's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) probe took global pictures of the Red Planet in ultraviolet (UV) light, revealing how winds flow at high altitudes."
MAVEN Mission Overview
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/maven/overview/index.html
"The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission is part of NASA's Mars Scout program, funded by NASA Headquarters. Launched in Nov. 2013, the mission will explore the Red Planet's upper atmosphere, ionosphere and interactions with the sun and solar wind."
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Could We Create A Livable Atmosphere On The Moon?

Until recently, scientists thought the moon had no atmosphere, but it actually does! What's it made of and can it be made to support life?
How the Lunar Module Launched from the Moon Without a Flame- https://youtu.be/QsLtAUb1-Lw
Why Does Earth Only Have One Moon? - https://youtu.be/2HoVa2-PLCM
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Is There an Atmosphere on the Moon?
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LADEE/news/lunar-atmosphere.html#.WAFEj5MrI_V
"What is the moon's atmosphere made of? We have some clues. The Apollo 17 mission deployed an instrument called the Lunar Atmospheric Composition Experiment (LACE) on the moon's surface. It detected small amounts of a number of atoms and molecules including helium, argon, and possibly neon, ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide."
Mars Lost Atmosphere to Space as Life Took Hold on Earth
http://www.space.com/31031-mars-atmosphere-discovery-nasa-maven.html
"Observations by NASA's Mars rover Curiosity and other spacecraft have shown that the Red Planet was relatively warm billions of years ago, with extensive lake-and-stream systems and perhaps even a large ocean that covered much of the Martian surface."
How Do We Terraform The Moon?
http://www.universetoday.com/121140/could-we-terraform-the-moon/
"Ever since the beginning of the Space Age, scientists and futurists have explored the idea of transforming other worlds to meet human needs. Known as terraforming, this process calls for the use of environmental engineering techniques to alter a planet or moon's temperature, atmosphere, topography or ecology (or all of the above) in order to make it more 'Earth-like.'"
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Special thanks to Amy Shira Teitel for hosting and writing this episode of DNews!
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NASA's Plan To Give Our Moon Its Own Moon

NASA is planning on taking a piece of an asteroid and redirecting it into the moon's orbit, but how is that even possible?
Scientists Invented The Best Tractor Beam Ever! - https://youtu.be/gR7VIFmMv24
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Weed Farming The California Way - https://youtu.be/TU_qQKDpBiE
Read More:
What Is NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission?
https://www.nasa.gov/content/what-is-nasa-s-asteroid-redirect-mission
"NASA is developing a first-ever robotic mission to visit a large near-Earth asteroid, collect a multi-ton boulder from its surface, and redirect it into a stable orbit around the moon. Once it's there, astronauts will explore it and return with samples in the 2020s. This Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) is part of NASA's plan to advance the new technologies and spaceflight experience needed for a human mission to the Martian system in the 2030s."
How Will NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission Help Humans Reach Mars?
http://www.nasa.gov/content/how-will-nasas-asteroid-redirect-mission-help-humans-reach-mars
"A human mission to and from the Mars system could last 500 days or longer, including six to nine months of transit each way. Missions to Mars will need to be "Earth Independent." To become Earth independent, NASA will develop and test through ARM a number of new technologies and capabilities that will directly enable future missions to Mars."
NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission Emerges From First Planning Stages
http://www.space.com/33761-nasa-asteroid-redirect-mission-design-milestone.html
"NASA will not have to choose a target asteroid until 2020, but in the meantime the agency has focused on 2008 EV5 as a reference. This 1,300-foot-wide (400 meters) asteroid orbits the sun every 343 days. Observations with radio telescopes suggest that the asteroid has boulders of a variety of sizes that ARM could choose from."
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Watch the talented Reggie Watts perform at the Exploratorium August 9th, 2012. Reggie was at the Exploratorium for an Osher Fellowship, and he graciously joined us at the end of a live webcast on Mars to share a little of his own feelings about the red planet!

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