Between 1776 and 1865, thousands of Irishmen took up arms in military conflicts all over the Americas. What were their motives and expectations? And how did their dubious loyalties in Venezuela, Brazil, Mexico, the United States, Cuba, and Argentina shape their shifting identities and transform the ethnonational images of the Irish in the New World? José Shane Brownrigg-Gleeson is a PhD candidate and teaching assistant at the University of Salamanca in Spain. He is completing a study on the connections between Ireland and Latin America during the latter’s struggle for independence, and is currently the recipient of a research grant from the Atlantic History Seminar at Harvard University.