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NH 4 constitutes roughly 90% of the Golden Quadrilateral's Mumbai-Chennai segment. As a part of this project NH 4 has been widened from two lane single carriageway to four lane dual carriageway. The highway is known as Pune-Bangalore (PB) Road in some parts of Karnataka where it passes through. The Mumbai-Pune section of the highway was supplemented by the Mumbai-Pune Expressway in 2000.The NH4 highway passes through populated towns and cities of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh namely Pune, Satara, Karad, Sangli(Peth), Kolhapur, Belgaum, Dharwad, Hubli, Haveri, Ranibennur, Davangere, Chitradurga, Tumkur, Bangalore and Kolar. The Bangalore-Chennai section of the highway is supplemented by the triangle of National Highways NH7, NH46, and returns to NH4 at Walajapet in Vellore district. In some areas, one side of the highway is made of concrete while the other side is of tar.

The NH4 by-passes Pune city from Dehu Road to Katraj. The Pune bypass is 4 lane.There is a partial service lane which cannot be called as motorable. Now, it is being widened by two more lanes, making it a 6 lane road from Dehu road to Katraj since it is also used by the people of Pune as the city is growing on the other side of the highway too. NH4 now also bypasses the busy Katraj ghat in Pune by a Tunnel which saves almost one hour of travel on NH4.

NH4 bypasses Sangli at about 40 km (25 mi). There are two exits for Sangli-Miraj twin cities on NH4. Both exits form a triangle with NH4 and Sangli is about 40 km (25 mi) from each exit. Peth Naka exit is used by vehicles coming from Mumbai and Pune towards Sangli. Shiroli Naka exit is used by vehicles coming from Bangalore, Hubli, Belgaum and Kolhapur to reach Sangli. Proposed 4 lane Ratnagiri Nagpur National Highway NH204 meets National Highway NH4 at Shiroli Naka about 35 km from Sangli city.