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The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.60webmaster@eurekalert.org (EurekAlert!)First 3-D digital models reveal the development of the extinct Tasmanian tiger(<i>University of Melbourne</i>) Researchers from Museums Victoria and the University of Melbourne have CT scanned all 13 known Tasmanian tiger joey specimens to create 3-D digital models which have allowed them to study their skeletons and internal organs, and reconstruct their growth and development.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uom-f3d022118.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uom-f3d022118.phpScientists discover new nanoparticle, dubbed exomeres(<i>Weill Cornell Medicine</i>) A new cellular messenger discovered by Weill Cornell Medicine scientists may help reveal how cancer cells co-opt the body's intercellular delivery service to spread to new locations in the body.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/wcm-sdn022118.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/wcm-sdn022118.phpZika virus could help combat brain cancer(<i>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo</i>) Study by Brazilian researchers shows infection by Zika caused death of cells from glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive kind of malignant brain tumor in adults. Scientists foresee the use of genetic engineering to neutralize Zika virus' infectious whilst preserving the viral particles which induce the death of tumoral cells.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/fda-zvc022118.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/fda-zvc022118.phpNew interaction mechanism of proteins discovered(<i>University of Zurich</i>) UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. This new mechanism involves two fully unstructured proteins forming an ultra-high-affinity complex due to their opposite net charge. Proteins usually bind one another as a result of perfectly matching shapes in their three-dimensional structures.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uoz-nim022118.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uoz-nim022118.phpBreakthrough for peptide medication(<i>Technical University of Munich (TUM)</i>) Peptides, short amino acid chains that control many functions in the human body, represent a billion-dollar market, also in the pharmaceutical industry. But, normally these medications must be injected. A research team led by the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has now determined how peptides can be designed so that they can be easily administered as a liquid or tablet.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/tuom-bfp022118.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/tuom-bfp022118.phpFive novel genetic changes linked to pancreatic cancer risk(<i>Johns Hopkins Medicine</i>) In what is believed to be the largest pancreatic cancer genome-wide association study to date, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and the National Cancer Institute, and collaborators from over 80 other institutions worldwide discovered changes to five new regions in the human genome that may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/jhm-fng022118.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/jhm-fng022118.phpDrug successfully targets cancers with tumor-specific gene mutations(<i>Nemours</i>) Pediatric and adult cancers with one of three fusion genes responds well to a new drug, larotrectinib, according to a study published today in the New England Journal of Medicine. The drug is designed to target a specific tumor gene mutation known as tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK) that can occur in various tumor types.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/n-dst022018.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/n-dst022018.phpInternational team publishes roadmap to enhance radioresistance for space colonization(<i>Biogerontology Research Foundation</i>) An international team of researchers from NASA Ames Research Center, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate at Health Canada, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Oxford University, Insilico Medicine, Insilico Medicine Taiwan, the Biogerontology Research Foundation, Boston University, Johns Hopkins University, University of Liverpool, University of Lethbridge, Ghent University, Center for Healthy Aging and many others have published a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for space exploration and colonization.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/brf-itp022018.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/brf-itp022018.phpStudy shows age doesn't affect survival in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma after HCT(<i>Be The Match</i>) Results from a retrospective study presented at the 2018 BMT Tandem Meetings dispute age as a limiting factor to transplant eligibility, showing no differences in 4-year outcomes for patients older or younger than age 65.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/btm-ssa022018.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/btm-ssa022018.phpKinase inhibitor larotrectinib shows durable anti-tumor abilities in patients of all ages with 17 un(<i>University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center</i>) Three simultaneous safety and efficacy studies of the drug larotrectinib reported an overall response rate of 75 percent for patients ages four months to 76 years with 17 different cancer diagnoses. All patients had tumors with tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusions, gene mutations that switch on TRK genes, allowing cancer growth. The studies indicate larotrectinib as a potentially powerful new treatment approach for the approximately 5,000 patients with these forms of cancer.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uotm-kil022018.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uotm-kil022018.phpHow blood cancers outsmart the immune system(<i>American Association for the Advancement of Science</i>) Researchers have discovered how some of the blood cancers known as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) evade the immune system.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/aaft-hbc022018.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/aaft-hbc022018.phpPrecision cancer therapy effective in both children and adults(<i>Children's Hospital Los Angeles</i>) Three quarters of patients, both adults and children, with a variety of advanced cancers occurring in different sites of the body responded to larotrectinib, a novel therapy that targets a specific genetic mutation. Results of a phase 1/2 trial have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine. Unlike most cancer therapies, this oral treatment is based on the genetic traits of the tumor and not the organ where the cancer originated.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/chla-pct022018.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/chla-pct022018.phpSimilarities found in cancer initiation in kidney, liver, stomach, pancreas(<i>Washington University School of Medicine</i>) Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found that when mature cells transition to begin dividing again, they all seem to do it the same way, regardless of what organ those cells come from.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/wuso-sfi021918.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/wuso-sfi021918.phpNew therapeutic gel shows promise against cancerous tumors(<i>University of North Carolina Health Care</i>) Scientists at the UNC School of Medicine and NC State have created an injectable gel-like scaffold that can hold combination chemo-immunotherapeutic drugs and deliver them locally to tumors in a sequential manner. The results in animal models so far suggest this approach could one day ramp up therapeutic benefits for patients bearing tumors or after removal of the primary tumors.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uonc-ntg021918.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uonc-ntg021918.php'Local environment' plays key role in breast cancer progression(<i>Biophysical Society</i>) Many of the drugs and therapies available today for treating breast cancer target the cancer cells but tend to neglect the surrounding 'local environment,' which includes surrounding tissues. But cancer cells and their local environment are connected, so both undergo chemical and physical changes during tumor development. During the 62nd Biophysical Society Meeting, researchers will present work exploring the role physical changes within a cancer cells' local environment play in the aggressiveness of breast cancer.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/bs-ep021618.php
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/bs-ep021618.phpPatients with advanced cancer may be less competent to make decisions than doctors think(<i>University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus</i>) Forty-four percent of patients with advanced cancer but only eight percent of healthy adults showed impaired understanding; Forty-nine percent of patients and eight percent of healthy adults showed impaired appreciation; and 85.4 percent of patients versus 10 percent of healthy adults showed impaired reasoning.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uoca-pwa022018.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uoca-pwa022018.phpOncotarget: Cancer pioneer employs physics to approach cancer in last research article(<i>Rapamycin Press</i>) In the cover article of Tuesday's issue of Oncotarget, James Frost, MD, PhD, Kenneth Pienta, MD, and the late Donald Coffey, Ph.D., use a theory of physical and biophysical symmetry to derive a new conceptualization of cancer. Co-author Dr. Coffey, ex-deputy director of the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and Professor of Urology, died before this paper was published at 85.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/rp-ocp022018.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/rp-ocp022018.php'Click chemistry' reactions may boost cancer-fighting drug potency(<i>Scripps Research Institute</i>) Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have developed a quick and easy way to simultaneously modify dozens of drugs or molecules to improve their disease-fighting properties.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/sri-cr022018.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/sri-cr022018.php'Icebreaker' protein opens genome for t cell development, Penn researchers find(<i>University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine</i>) Researchers describe the role of a transcription factor called TCF-1 in targeting the condensed chromatin and regulating the availability of genome sequences in T-cell development. The new connection between TCF-1 and chromatin will aid in developing new therapies using epigenetic drugs to alter T-cell fate in cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uops-po022018.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uops-po022018.phpFrauke Melchior receives the 2018 FEBS | EMBO Women in Science Award(<i>EMBO</i>) EMBO and the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) announce Frauke Melchior from the Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) at Heidelberg University, Germany, as the recipient of the 2018 FEBS | EMBO Women in Science Award.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/e-fmr022018.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/e-fmr022018.phpCluedo in the cell: Enzyme location controls enzyme activity(<i>Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</i>) EPFL scientists have found that the activity of proprotein covertases, the enzymes that turn-on proteins, is regulated by the location of the enzyme inside the cell. Published in Cell Reports, the study uses a novel biosensor, CLIP, and has significant implications for cancer treatment.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/epfd-cit022018.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/epfd-cit022018.phpPharmaMar's lurbinectedin ATLANTIS trial in SCLC will be an oral presentation(<i>Pharmamar</i>) PharmaMar's lurbinectedin will have an oral presentation on small-cell lung cancer at the 18th annual meeting on Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer that is organized by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), to be held in Santa Monica Feb. 21-24.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/p-pla022018.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/p-pla022018.phpNew imaging technology may help predict aggressiveness of lung cancer(<i>Case Western Reserve University</i>) Case Western Reserve and Cleveland Clinic are leading development of a computerized tissue-imaging program that could soon help identify which lung cancer patients are likely to face an earlier recurrence of the disease.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/cwru-nit021918.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/cwru-nit021918.phpBreast cancer: How advanced imaging technologies will help avoid unnecessary biopsies(<i>German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ)</i>) Enhancing the diagnosis of breast cancer is the stated goal of a research team at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg. The scientists have combined an advanced method of diffusion-weighted MR imaging with intelligent image analysis methods to detect malignant changes in tissues. This method may help avoid many control biopsies following suspicious findings from mammography screening. This advancement holds promise for substantial improvements in the diagnosis of breast cancer.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/gcrc-bch021818.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/gcrc-bch021818.phpScientists tackle the aberrant epigenetic programming underlying childhood cancers(<i>Write Science Right</i>) Researchers at UFRGS and the US NIH have targeted proteins that regulate chromatin in Ewing sarcoma cells, hindering malignant tumor growth. They induced chromatic relaxation by treating the cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors, reducing expression of the EWSR1-FLI-1 oncogene and other pluripotency/cell viability genes, while impairing sarcoma cell survival and growth. Decreased survival of stem-like cancer cells and re-expression of a neuronal differentiation marker were also observed.https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/wsr-stt021818.php
Tue, 20 Feb 2018 00:00:00 ESThttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/wsr-stt021818.php