Ethiopia: The out of reach growth

12/18/12

My father lives in a small town located in Illubabor, Ethiopia where he works as an elementary school teacher. I check in routinely and this last time he responded in his usual manner, “Waaqayoo ha ulfaatu”(May God be glorified). At the time I called him, he was picking coffee berries in a small coffee land located behind our house. I overheard the ambient sounds of birds singing and baby monkeys screaming. These are the typical sounds of Illubabor’s forest.

My father has always had financial problems, but lately things have gotten worse. Ten years ago, he used to earn roughly 500 Birr as a primary school teacher. His salary was enough to cover the family’s basic needs. He was even able to sent money to his Mother in Dembi Dollo, Wollega. It was also a time she used to visit us so frequently because he could afford to buy her plane tickets. Today he earns 2000 Birr as a diploma teacher with years of experience and yet his life is worse off than it was ten years ago. It has been more than ten years since he last visited the capital Addis Ababa. He was socially active and had a good relationship with foreigners. He assisted a Dutch anthropologist in his research on the Oromo culture. He himself wanted to write a book since a long time. My father had a lot of materials that could be published into two volumes. But it seemed that he was now giving up his dream of publishing a book, because priority became now basic needs: food for the family, clothing and school uniform , books and exercise books for children, and so on. As his age and health are failing him continuously, he is finding life hard to manage.

My father is not the only person with this problem. He is one of millions of civil servants facing the same problem in Ethiopia. The euphoria of the country’s double digit economic growth is not a practical part of their life. Though my father does not have a financial capacity to travel to Addis Ababa to see the sky scrapers and witness the 11 percent economic growth- like some of our journalists and diplomats do, for sure he knows and feels something very well that life quality of his family has declined. Before 15 years, when my father used to earn 400 Birr, this amount was equivalent to 200 USD. Now he earns 2000 Birr, less than 90 Euro. As the value of Birr against US dollar began to depreciate, the life of my father and his likes also started to deteriorate. Isn’t it even a three digit decline, folks?

Feeling unease by my father’s sighs, and a background sound of the screaming monkeys, I asked him about the coffee market. That was a time when coffee berries had to be picked from their trees. He and all coffee growing farmers were warned that they have to make sure they pick only the red ripe coffee berries; lest the price sinks down if the quality falls. My father has not more than 300 coffee trees on his small coffee land. It takes him a long time and energy to collect the berry, to take them home and dry them, and make them ready for final consumption. Coffee farmers go through the same long process. The labour they invest and the price at which they sell their coffee to the market is unfair at any criteria. My father, of course, does not have a big gashaa of coffee to be proud of. However, Obbo Gannatii, a farmer living in a nearby village and is a good friend of my father, has more than two hectares of coffee. He brought them every year to the market, but his life had shown little change. When I was in Ethiopia to visit my parents a few months ago, Gannatii, a father of five, told me that he had a plan to build a small house in the town, but he had no money. Like Gannattii, there are thousands of farmers around this tiny town who hope that coffee price would rise one day and change their life, at least to build a two-wing-roofed house on one side of the dusty road passing through the town.

The coffee trade helped only some traders. Most of the time, the traders are not native people of the area. They even hardly talk in the language the farmers communicate. These farmers had to travel more than two ours to bring their products to the market. Illubabor is one of the top forest coffee producing regions in the country, and Ethiopia earns more than half of its foreign exchange income from coffee production. Yet in the region where tons of hundreds of forest coffee comes, farmers have to travel bare footed for more than two hours, mostly on muddy and rough roads, to bring their coffee to the market. My father’s coffee possession, of course, is mainly for family consumption. Yet he hopes that one day coffee, even the small quintals of coffee he gets, can make his life better, when the price rises. Once upon in the past, he even thought of becoming a coffee trader. But he couldn’t keep on pushing his ambition because the Ethiopian Commercial Bank in the town refused to lend him money. The reason given by the bank was that he did not have enough property that would enable him to borrow money. He has a four winged, qorqorroo house, and of course he could have borrowed more that 10,000 Ethiopian Birr with this property.

My father was born into a poor, humble family. He was a son of a gebbar and his parents suffered a lot under the yoke of extreme poverty. But he was able to go to school with help of catholic missionaries and he spent most of his youth with them. He is the only among eight of his siblings to go to school and complete secondary school. My father spoke his mind even in the face of political authorities. He exposed their wrong doings and told them directly what he thought was right. That was not seen favourably in the eyes of the authorities. They labelled him a member of the Oromo Liberation Front, a banned political opposition. They imprisoned him several times and threatened his life. But my father had nothing to do with this political group. My father finally submitted unwillingly to the forced membership of the OPDO, ruling party affiliated party.

Like my father, there are thousands of Oromo and non-Oromo political prisoners languishing in prison these days. Most of them were accused of assisting the ‘terrorist’ OLF. Like my father, thousands of students graduating from Ethiopian universities find it hard to get employed and work with freedom, unless they become member of the ruling party. Party socialization is going on everywhere in the country. Addis Ababa University, once centre of strong social movement, has now become totally insensitive to social and political problems of the country. Once students in this university said, “Land to the tiller,” and after a decade, a land reform took place. Today raising such socially important ideas can cause serious problems for the students. Dismissal from the university is the least among them. I remember a friend of mine, a bright young man with a lot of energy, who was imprisoned a few months before his graduation. He is still languishing in the notorious Kaliti prison.

The baby monkey was not screaming as loud as before, she might have found her mother again, but the birds continued singing. I asked my father about my little brother, who recently moved to Adama to study. Four years ago, when I was still a student in the University of Addis Ababa, my father used to send me 80 Birr every month. That was enough for me to get a cup of tee after dinner. Today, my father cannot send that amount of money to my brother. 1 quintal of Teff costs 1500 Birr. He spends more than 75 percent of his income only to buy Teff. Forget all other basic staffs such as salt, oil, sugar and so on. Only 100 kg Teff costs 1500 Birr. Food price has shot high in Ethiopia in the last two years. When I travelled to Addis for my research a few months ago, I paid 12 Birr for a Jambo glass of juice. That same juice at the same house price was 2.50 Birr three yours ago.

“I can’t send money to Abbusha,” said my father before he switched of his phone. He sounded so helpless. My father is one of the millions who do not have a touch with the trickle down of the much told economic growth of the country. “Our people are living on God’s grace,”- these are words of one spiritual father whom I know closely. I can’t disagree anymore, father!

27 comments

The story is full of inconsistencies that it is not even readable nevermind believable. Reserchers like you need to be factual in their statments and not throw figurs willy- nilly. Have some respect for your self.

Another out of touch diaspora FOOL & IDIOT!!
WOW! Are you expecting everybody to be a millioner in an over night?
Ethiopia is still a poor country on the process of transformation and developmental progress.
If your dady is having problem, that means he is one of the millions of poor people in Ethiopia. What is the big deal? You need to be patient.
Why is the FOOLS & IDIOTS in diaspora thinking like a five year old child?
11% growth doesn’t necessarily means thousands of dollars in everybody’s pocket. Be realistic losers!

Many thanks to Getachew Qanno for sharing his family’s story, which is also the story of millions in Ethiopia. Despite the construction boom in the major cities around the country and roads in a few selected places, making a living in Ethiopia is getting only harder and harder. The government is claiming that its policy has transformed many families’ economic standing in the country. It says the middle class in the country is growing, but Getachew’s account of the reality on the ground affirms the opposite i.e. the middle class in the country has been shrinking in the past two years specially after the sudden surge of price towards the skies.

In a sense the economic situation of Getachew’s father is much better than his colleagues in the other part of the country without the fertile backyard and rain to grow even vegetables let alone to reap coffee beans. In my last visit back home, civil servants of all professions that i spoke expressed their wish to have a position where they can make EXTRA money to sustain their family’s expenses. They said, either you must be in charge of a lucrative office or a contractor or a business man.

Though the so called micro finance banks in Amara and Tigray regions[different entities with the same portfolio and purpose] have been instrumental for a number of civil servants to borrow many for a start up business and that have helped some to mitigate their financial problems, the vast majority are not in a position to have a successful business while working full time for the government. Besides, not every one has the acumen to run a business successfully. Not every civil servants family own that ideal location for a shop or restaurant and so on. As a matter of fact, most civil servants live in rural areas. For many who don’t have the political connection to advance their career, the solution is getting wasted chewing k/chat and drinking traditional alcohol. It is customary to see teacher and student sitting in the same tella bet or Chat bet these days. With that grim and seemingly hopeless economic situation, a father and/or brother either encourages or forces or condones the migration of his daughter, sister and wife to the land of the Arab barbarians. That pretty much tells the level of corruption the woyane led economy has brought to the country, destitution and moral bankruptcy of the highest level. In other word, we are going down economically, socially and politically.

Recently I asked one of my farmer relative who visits the city frequently for work if he is going to send the child he just have, and he answered “yetemarut yet deresu? addisaba temiren metan bilew kegna gar ekul cobblestone siketekitu ayidel yemiwulut.” Now, there is really nothing wrong with building roads after graduating from the lowly Ethiopian universities, but the impression it is creating in our society is dangerous, one that discourages parents from sending their child to school.

So, I ask the woyanes in here where is the beef? your economy is yemaytay, yemaydases, yemaychebet.

While I care about Ato Getachew, I don’t understand the message of the story. Your father’s case is not any different than millions of Ethiopians! Are you saying your father deserves better? If so, so do millions of other Ethiopians. I can name my family members who are having a hard time like your father. I am not being negative, but we don’t know anything about your father. Poor credit? Lazy? risk-taker? alcoholic? Come on man.

Cost of living is very high. The price of items stated: teff are sky rocketing. Even a given pant costs about 600 birr which is incredibly. A house rent is very high: for example, in Addis Ababa, two bed room costs about 4000 birr monthly.

Why cost of food items high is supply for domestic consumption scarce because the produce meant to be exported. The land available to produce rendered to foreign investors. This investors directly export than supply to domestic. If the land is robbed from the farmers, then, no land input. Should farmers produce on air so when either they don’t get what produced nor entitled to the land?

A killo of meat priced for about 115 birr. People cannot afford to buy it. This ultimately decreases balanced nutrition and increases susceptibility to diseases. Irrespective of the type of medicine, farmers, further, sell their livestock to get treated. Mainly those medications are imported. This again worsen capital outsourcing.

Can we finish mentioning all? No! It appears that this is mainly indicates government failure, incompetenance of authority and/or ignorance. This government either cannot fix this problems. Ultimately, neither benefits the country nor sustain his position.

No! I forget that the government engaged to silence the citizen through coercive force or creating miserably life to human kind.

Action to change is the only way out of it. TPLF is curmudgeon. HMD is nincompoop.

“Your father’s case is not any different than millions of Ethiopians!”

Abyssinian, the writer did not claim otherwise. He clearly stated that his father’s case is not any different from his fellow citizens. He farther noted that his story is their story, and they are all victims of the exasperating and unbearable cost of living that was brought upon them by the failed and calamitous economic policies of woyane.

One of my relative who live one city in California told me about the cost of living change in the last ten years.Here are some examples he told me about:
* The price of two bed room apartment to rent was $500.00 ten years ago,now $920.00
* The price of a gallon of gas was $1.45 now $3.75
* The price of a dozen of egg was $1.99 now $2.99
* The price of a gallon of milk was $1.99 now $3.99
* The price of 6 pack of local beer was $4.00 now $7.00

The minimum wage was $6.75 per hour ten years ago and now $8.00 per hour.Generally the cost of living that includes grocery,health,housing utilities, transportation and tuition at college has gone up more than 100% for the last 10 years compared to a gain of just under 20% for the majority of Americans income distribution.

Thanks for flagging an incompetent teacher that jumped from elementary to diploma teaching. Hope the Education Minister will take notice of it and take the appropriate action but, can you give us more detailed information in which school/collage he teaches?

I know this article is a desperate diasporas fake story response to the recent WB Report of about Ethiopia’s DOUBLE DIGIT growth

Although the economic hardship detailed in this article might in fact be true it neglects to mention great things that were achieved during the last ten years. for every one of these heartbreaking economic hardship there are many more economic success stories.
In the last ten years ethiopia inaugurated many power stations that are essential to have modern economy.

Tana beles
Finche amerti
Gilgel gibe I
Gilgel gibe ii
Tekeze
Adama wind farm I
ashegoda wind farm will come online soon
Gilgel gibe iii as well
Adama wind farm ii is being built
Genele dawa iii is being built
So on so forth

Look folks, first of all Tigray and Tigres must become satisfied that means industrialized,commercial and accomplish overall economic takeover in the same way as is in a political and military empowerment. Then the rest of nations and nationalities will be well fed as gebaroch! Be patient forever. Then Tigres will be patched and upgraded by Eritrean to form unshakable Establishment. As you see from different comments here they are ready to keep gates everywhere. So good luck Ethiopia!

If you see the news from Tigray every agame farmer has government supported modern tractors and irrigation system. Look Mekele town solid waste Mantegna system, look the quantity, type and quality of universities in Tigray. Almost every Kebele is joined by all year roads. They plan rail way to Tigray as priority not to coffee farm destinations that contribute to national foreign income. Folks you must first fight they did then your Abbusha can see double digit growth. Otherwise forgot it. Next ll developed region will be Somali-land because they challenge and demand for it. So be positive :-)

You see how these BUCCHILLA weyannes who become rich and millioners in one night by stealing others wealth and defending their Leba org. I can tell you that you are not alone in this road of hill that your father is going through but you can even find man tigrians in tigri province who can not afford let alone buy food for their family. They daily qui for WHO ,USAIDS and other charities to feed their family. These are not oromia or Amhara but tigrians who have been abounded by their own elite rich milliners tigrian who moved to addis never step their feet again back home. It is a human tragedy that has never been in history of Ethiopia since Axumit. The so called weyannes GDP is measured how fast they are robbing the poor and get rich while the poor do not include in statistics. The only people who got rich in matter of days are weyannes LEBAS and these faulty Hoddams who are looting Ethiopians poor farmers.
That is why I say ,hang them in front of Meskel sq.

LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - As an example, Ethiopia’s economy has been percolating at an annual rate of nearly 10 percent for the last seven years. However, a third of the population still lives below the poverty line.

Economic advisor for the United Nations Development Program in Ethiopia, Samuel Bwalya says that the nation has to be patient while waiting for a trickle-down effect to lift more people from poverty.

“Ethiopia is starting from a very low base in terms of development, so it should actually take much longer for this impact to take root,” Bwalya noted. “So I think we are too much in a hurry to see seven-year growth to start asking questions about how many people are out of poverty. Ethiopia is still very poor. But if you look where Ethiopia is coming from, it has made significant progress in reducing poverty.”

While the late Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi was praised for his outreach to his nation’s poor, the nation is still one of the largest donor recipients worldwide, receiving over $3 billion annually.

Ethiopia ranked 174th out of 187 countries in the UNDP’s 2011 Human Development Report. Life expectancy here is estimated at just 57 years. Twenty-six percent inflation remains a problem for most people and there are over 12,000 street children in the capital city alone.

“Ethiopia is spending over 40 percent of its budget on infrastructure development, public works, schools, health and roads,” Bwalya of the UNDP says. He reiterates that ongoing measures by the Ethiopian government will benefit the whole of the Ethiopian population in the long run.

“That is extremely important in the initial period and these are investments that bring impact, slightly, in the medium- to long-term. We don’t see the impact of actually constructing a road today, to take impact on the lives of people the next day. It may take a couple of years to do that.”

There remain many challenges to make sure the economic growth helps all Ethiopians.

The International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) resident representative in Ethiopia Jan Mikkelsen says that the Ethiopian private sector should be able to help the economy overcome some challenges, such as the large number of unemployed young people.

“We believe that most of the employment in the long haul will be generated in the private sector,” Mikkelsen noted. “So this will be more dynamic, new jobs in new areas - IT (information technology), trade manufacturing and so forth. That’s where sustainable high value jobs will be.”

ADDIS ABABA, December 13, 2012—Over the past decade, the Ethiopian economy has been growing at twice the rate of the Africa region, averaging, 10.6 percent GDP growth per year between 2004 and 2011 compared to 5.2 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, according to a new report by the World Bank.

The Ethiopia Economic Update launched today attributes this impressive economic growth mainly to agricultural modernization, the development of new export sectors, strong global commodity demand, and government-led development investments.

“Two and a half million people in Ethiopia have been lifted out of poverty over the past five years as a result of strong economic growth, bringing the poverty rate down from 38.7 percent to 29.6 percent between 2004/05 and 2010/11”,says Guang Zhe Chen, World Bank Country Director for Ethiopia. “The Government target to reduce poverty to 22.2 percent by 2014/15is ambitious but attainable.”

The Government of Ethiopia has also made progress in tackling the persistently high inflation which affected the economy over the past two years by tightening its fiscal and monetary stance. As a result, inflation is on a decreasing trend, falling from 33 percent in 2011 to 15.8 percent in October 2012 (year on year).This is good news for the poor and for the overall economy.

“Ethiopia follows a strategy of increasing exports to facilitate growth. This is appropriate given the limited size of the domestic market and it is consistent with the development experience of some of the recently successful countries, particularly in East Asia”, says Michael Geiger, the Bank’s Country Economist for Ethiopia and one of the lead authors of the report. “Growth of goods exports has mainly been driven by volume growth across a variety of product groups, implying that Ethiopia is increasingly diversifying its export base.”

Lars Christian Moller, Lead Economist and Sector Leader for Ethiopia said “Ethiopia is one of the few large, land-locked economies in the world that exports more services than goods. Yet, there is widespread perception that the comparative advantage of a low-income country like Ethiopia lies in export of primary products and labor intensive, low-skill manufacturing goods.”

Ethiopia’s fiscal performance appears to be adequate given the current state of the economy and financing requirements for development, according to the Bank report. The overall general government deficit (including grants) declined from 1.6 percent of GDP in 2010/11 to 1.2 percent of GDP in 2011/12.Tax collections have been boosted by the 2010 tax reform, while public management reforms (such as program-based budgeting) have strengthened public expenditures. Public debt is on a declining trend at 35 percent of GDP in 2011/12 and Ethiopia has a low risk of external debt distress.

The launch of the Ethiopia Economic Update was complemented with the presentation of a Survey Report of Chinese Foreign Investment in Ethiopia. Responding to a request from the Government, the World Bank surveyed 69 active Chinese enterprises doing business in Ethiopia with a tailored enterprise survey. The report recommends a series of policy areas to facilitate foreign investors coming into Ethiopia so that the country can reap the benefits it needs to further its development path. Key recommendations include streamlining custom procedures and trade regulations, improving tax administration consistency and efficacy, and increasing the supply and quality of skilled workers.

The two reports form part of a new programmatic knowledge service prepared by the World Bank as a part of its economic policy dialogue with the Government of Ethiopia. Going forward, the Bank is planning to release an Economic Update report for Ethiopia every six months along with other tailored knowledge products in close coordination with the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development.

World Bank to Provide 4 Billion US Dollars to Ethiopia

The World Bank launched today (December 19, 2012) Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for Ethiopia in which the Bank planned to provide 4 billion US dollars to the country for the coming four years supporting its Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP).
[Pannelists after the launch of World Bank’s CPS - photo: newbusinessethiopia.com]

Pannelists after the launch of World Bank’s CPS - photo: newbusinessethiopia.com

“One of the key pillars we focused on in the strategy is job creation,” said World Bank Country Director Guang Zhe Chen, speaking at the launching ceremony of CPS held this morning at the Sheraton Addis. “This is one of the key areas Ethiopia needs to focus at the moment…It is because jobs fight poverty and create opportunities. CPS is not only about the future, it is also about effective implementations of existing programs,” he said.

CPS, which used to be called Country Assistance Strategy, started July 1, 2012 will be implemented till June 30, 2016.

Sufian Ahmed Minister of Finance and Economic Development of Ethiopia, on his part noted that CPS is a testimony of the long standing collaboration between the country and the World Bank. The minister also urged the Bank to deliver finance on timely manner and review implementations accordingly.

GTP, which was launched by the Government of Ethiopia two and half years ago, ambitiously targets to double the economy of country shifting it from agrarian to industrialized nation by 2015. “Our priority is to continue the momentum of inclusive and job creating growth in Ethiopia,” said Ahmed Shide, State Minister of MoFED, uploading the ‘double digit growth’ recorded for about the last eight years.

Ethiopia and World Bank began relationship in 1955 and currently the country is the largest beneficiary in Africa.

Among others, CPS new elements include: macroeconomic issues such as job creation and public sector effectiveness. While extending partnerships with regions, development partners from emerging economies and private sector, academician as well as NGOs.

It also aims to deploy to a larger extent analytical work to support evidence-based dialogue; resume the budget support agenda, which the bank suspended after the 2005 Ethiopian election crises. CPS plans also to gradually increase utilization of the recently approved Program for Results (PforR) instrument

A defucnt Olf sholdier, has nothing better to say but to paint a picture of horrowing experiences of people back home with misleading and in consistance fact on the ground. Hard to belief…not to say there are no storis like this… but this is definitely has the mind of fabricator and piasly deceptive argument about the plight of people in Ethiopia.

I LIVE IN SF CALIFORNIA WHERE DO YOU GET A $950 A MONTH TWO BEDROOM ANTE LEBA. TWO BEDROOM COST $1,500 AT THE MINIMUM. LIFE IS HARD EVERYWHERE NOT IN ETHIOPIA ONLY. SO STOP THIS B.S. LIFE IS GETTING HARDER ALL OVER THE WORLD AND IT IS NOT GOING TO GET BETTER WHY, HUMANS HAVE BECOME BABE FACTORIES. ALL THEY DO IS MEBADAT AND MAKE BABIES, OVER POPULATION. THIS HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH POLITICS BUT WITH POPULATION.

Did you read my comment? I’ll explain to you again.I said cost of living has gone up everywhere in the world not only in Ethiopia as the writer claimed.You live in San Francisco so you don’t need to worry about baby manufacturing thanks homosexual communities!!

Hi to all, woyanes are very good at so called gate keeping. They not only jail independent journalists but also control all news comments through their ቅጥረኞች፣ All they publish about economic prosperity is true except for non Tigres and their aliens. 90 percent of the population is silent and knows an Amharic phrase for this ላም አለኝ በሰማይ ወተትዋንም አላይ …

For the Tekawami Hulu:
The antidote… how to find happiness for people who cant stand positive thinking is: a shot of black label, Ethiopianize it by taking it in a Brele. Later on, B’sot Adebabay (aka Starbucks on the corner of 5th and Downtown) sit down and Meles binore noro endet endemitgafeTwe awtana awrede.

I only care about Tigray the rest of you are our colony.It has been like that since Axum but the Ahyas messed things up for 700 years in between.now things are where they need to beThe real Agazians are ruling, the colonies are stable and quite and the hodam adgis are dying slowly.The hamasens( gonderes that migrated to Bahre negasi 139 years ago are still in the dog house) next we will put the jebertis at Asmara palace.Asab will ask for referendum and join greater Afar. Kologzay and Seraye are with us .

@ tgray1st,
What are you talking about? This is not Eritrean forum. Stop your madness tgray people. Do not come among brothers in neighboring country. You are the reason of our missunderstanding.
Keep yourself in Ethiopia or go away to your barren tgray. Ethiopians do not support your mixed feeling of love, envy and complex for the people next door.
Ugly creatures!

Which shabia are you? Wedieri, OneL? You are one and the same anyway. You are a shabia dog barking. Now the Onlf is done, you are coming at the Ethiopians. Failure, shabia boys. This shows a fail on your part to distablize Ethiopia and to build Eritrea. You’r independence is stuck, you wish you never went that way. Well guess what shabians, we do not want jack from you except what is rightfully ours. Afar. The whole world knows Eritrea is dying, time you losers accept the fact.

Tigray1st [Visitor]
I only care about Tigray the rest of you are our colony.

The economy growth is the reflection of Woyanes living standard that has transformed beggary and needy to all time millionaires by robbing other Ethiopians while poverty is growing among non-Tigres all time high.

When Woyane government speaks of economic growth it is all about its cadres and Woyane mafias transformed bank accounts. Those TPLF mafias who came with bare footed, no cloth, no food, head and body full of lice have gotten so rich and multi millionaires by stealing peoples house, jobs and property. Those who lived decent lives before Woyane descended in Ethiopia are now poor and homeless.

While Tigres in Tigray are desperately encouraged to learn Amharic so they can came and take jobs and houses in Addis and in other provinces, Oromos are forced to speak only in Oromo language so they will be cut off from their people and opportunities.

This is the reason why Ethiopians who are left out of opportunities and driven down into poverties only because they are not Tigres or Woyanes should demand their God given rights as Ethiopians. The government is extremely greedy, irrational and down right criminal and will only get worse unless it is stopped now.

The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of nazret.com. The views are solely that of the author.
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