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Downloads should now be available once again but slide 77 seems to have gone missing while 76 has been duplicated. This is only on Slide Share however. The PDF download is intact and we are hoping to resolve the problem soon. Thanks!

“The digital divide refers to
the gap between people with eﬀective access to digital and information technology, and those with very limited or no access at all.” - Wikipedia http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/featheredtar/3081108482

cheaper and more accessible Access
to... than a desktop computer web content is simple 1. low-cost mobile handsets and cheap to create, and update 2. a free standards-compliant browser 3. locally-created web services and information the most relevant content is local and the web is an ideal vehicle to disseminate information

Features are ﬁne tuned to
aggressively compete with larger manufacturers. Micromax X1i Nokia C1 €30 €30 • Dual SIM with • Dual SIM with dual standby ‘hot-switch’ • Both SIMs • Press button to available at all swap from one SIM times to another • Enables users to • Enables family save money by members to share using each SIM for one mobile or diﬀerent easily swap SIMs purposes. when traveling (people love these, (standby time on operators...not so much) this devices is 6 weeks!) (for more on this topic, see “The Economist: Nokia gets dual-sim religion”

For regional brands, bundling local
variants of an app is cheaper than licensing Google’s alternatives, and provides more opportunities for inclusion of local content Local Android store and mapping local ‘Blueberry’ service app store shipping with Spice Mi300 Malaysia local applications

While a £70 smartphone is
great, devices at the lowest end of the market are still very basic, yet remain unaﬀordable to many consumers. Vodafone 150 Nokia 1280 USED Nokia 3210 $15 $30 ~$4 Cheap and functional for voice, SMS, some include a ﬂashlight...but no browser.

As the freely available and
high quality mobile operating system becomes workable on most phones, the Chinese knock-oﬀ phones are now much more likely to be using Android/OPhone. ” It is the low-hanging fruit option.... ...those knock oﬀ phones are the present reality of many targetable markets today, including East Africa’s. Android fragmentation is replacing complete fragmentation. - ICTWorks.org http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/kiwanja/3170269018

mobile browser market share wow!
wow! Data Source: http://gs.statcounter.com Published Under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work and to adapt the work providing it is attributed to www.icrossing.co.uk http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/icrossing_uk/4342659861

a good proxy browser can
breathe new life into old or lower-spec devices HTML 4.01 poor JavaScript XHTML MP one of the ﬁrst support 1.1 HTML 4.01 browsers BlackBerry 8520 5130 Xpress Music Nokia N70 circa 2009 circa 2007 circa 2005 one of the top selling devices in the world today* *based on review of Opera Mini and AdMob usage statistics

...or instantly add value to
a smaller manufacturer’s product line... Micromax embeds Opera Mini on many devices. UC has recently signed a deal with Indonesian manufacturers and operators to pre-install its browser on their local devices.

...or simply lower data costs
on your favourite smartphone device with highest Opera Mini traﬃc in UK and US for July 2010 source: Opera State of the Mobile Web July 2010

...and a growing number of
useful services oﬀered by NGOs and philanthropic commercial organisations in the area of education, agriculture, health and commerce. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/ricephotos/2679180720

Major challenges to the development
of services include poor infrastructure, high device and airtime costs, and lack of ecosystem maturity (e.g. number portability, taxation, standards, policy.) http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/kiwanja/3170244160

There are however many successful
initiatives around m-payments and m-transactions using ubiquitous technologies such as SMS and USSD. Unstructured Supplementary http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/wwarby/2404556325 Service Data.

Services such as M-Pesa, initially
developed as a mobile money transfer platform have also been ‘adapted’ by consumers for other uses such as saving money, paying bills and buying goods. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/kiwanja/3169409467

initiatives such as 0.facebook are
reducing usage costs for consumers • Agreement between Facebook and >50 operators worldwide. • Available in 70 languages. • Speciﬁcally optimised to render on low-end devices. • No data charges when browsing the site itself. 0.facebook.com 100 million people browse Facebook on mobile, source: Facebook