When it came time to ask for the bill, I couldn’t do it. I sat, and I waited. And then, 10 minutes into waiting, it hit me: I will never stop being American.

“Sumimasen.”
In the United States, courtesy means letting the waiter do the enormous backlog of shit that they have to get done during their shift. You trust that the server will come when they are ready, check in, ask how the meal is and if you need anything. You respect them by saying, “Hey, we’re both just people trying to get by, I’m in no hurry, so do what you have to do, within certain limits.”

In Japan, in contrast, you shout “Excuse me!” (sumimasen) when you need something.

On the plus side, waiters never interrupt a patron’s punchline to ask if anyone needs refills. They hang out in the kitchen. You also pay when you’re ready – just take the bill to the front register. In a sense, the system is ideal for the patrons and the waiters. The waiter gets to chill out. Patrons get what they want when they need it.

Ordering food in a Japanese restaurant is pretty straightforward. But for certain kinds of Americans – passive, laid back apologists who don’t talk on trains and over think to nearly catastrophic degrees (i.e., “wimps”)(i.e., “me”) – that curry comes with a cultural crisis.

There was no good reason for me to wait so long for the bill. I knew it was just one “Sumimasen!” away. And yet, I couldn’t bring myself to shout for an absent, unseen waiter. I didn’t want to interrupt him. So I waited until he came out to serve someone else and then hesitantly nodded.

That’s how I asked for everything that day. As a result, I spent 2 and a half hours in a restaurant.

Giri
Oddly enough, this whole experience also illustrated a natively Japanese concept: Giri, or “the proper way of things, the morals which guide personal and social conduct, that which must be done in social relationships.”

Giri is a big deal in Japan – a central part of wa, or social harmony. Giri is social duty – or as explained in the Nov. 19, 1986 episode of The Transformers, it is the burden hardest to bear“. It’s doing what you don’t feel like doing because you don’t have a choice.*

A waiter is obligated to serve patrons. It’s the job. And she expects, when she shows up to work, that she will do that job. The waitress has a role. This is how customer-server relationships work in Japan. You have your personality, but you sublimate it into the goal of your work.

Notably, Japanese waiters don’t tell you their names. And leaving a tip is a faux pas.

NinjoNinjo is the opposite of Giri. It’s when human emotions conflict with social obligations. Ninjo is calling in sick because you want to sleep late. It’s quitting your job because ‘you don’t feel fulfilled’. In other words, it’s America.

In Japan, ninjo complements giri. There’s a struggle between individual wants and social needs. As an American in a Japanese restaurant, I am so infused with ninjo over giri that I can’t bring myself to call the waiter. I am paralyzed by the cultural baggage of individualism: The need to recognize waiters, bus drivers, convenience store clerks and students as people.

I try to be polite. America defines politeness in certain terms: “Don’t shout at the waiter. They are people, too.” And when that imperative value to respect individuality and reject hierarchy meets the imperative value to allow someone the honor of performing their social obligation, there’s a crisis. I want to be polite. Social obligation requires me to be – subjectively – rude.

Something about a precious snowflake
The ingrained, live-with-myself problem of shouting for a waiter or waitress exists solely in my skull. For everyone else, it’s just what happens, every day, hundreds of times. No one shouts angrily. They just shout. Shouting doesn’t come with American connotations of shortness, impatience, demand. It’s just louder talking. They need to hear you, after all.

But culture sneaks inside of us. We build personalities in reaction to cultural practices so early that we forget that it was all constructed in the first place. We mistake architecture for instinct.

It isn’t all bad – no one should feel guilty about rejecting 14-year-old prostitutes in Thailand, or genital mutilation of young African girls. We ought to instinctively revile certain social architectures. But even in the most cosmopolitan and enlightened minds, tiny details can spawn paralysis.

What you thought was a self-made individual is in fact molded by arbitrary practices that just happened to surround you at birth. Your brain runs certain programs on American software and you are rendered deeply incompatible with other systems.

And you think about all of this for 20 minutes or so before you hold up a finger and nod with a trembling and half-hearted, “sumimasen.”

Notes
* For example, chocolate that females give to their male boss on Valentine’s Day carries the ever-so-romantic name of Giri-Choko, literally, “obligatory chocolate.” Everyone calls it this, and no one seems to mind. When you want to express your true feelings, you purchase honmei-choko, literally, “true feelings chocolate.” For such an ambiguous culture, at least buying chocolate is straightforward.

11 Responses to On Dining Out in Japan | 外食と義理

Nice post! I also had problems with the whole raising my voice to get the waiter thing…but my reluctance was also partly caused by the fact that I have a hard time raising my voice no matter where I am.

Yeah, like Blue Shoe said, I think it depends on the place too – don’t really think it’s a regional thing at all since this has happened to me in various places. Some places won’t refill water at all and you have to call out to them just for some water… but then like I said, there are various other places where they rush up to the table if they see your water glass nearly empty. But then of course there are also the places that allow you to get your own refills… In any case, my husband often asks for a pitcher at our table (at places we’ve been before and know there are pitchers there) so we can just refill our own glasses without interrupted conversation.

Well, I get plenty of refills, but the difference is that I rarely get asked if I want a refill. The waiter either comes over and fills the glass, or waits for me to ask him to. There’s none of this coming-to-the-table-and-asking-how-everything-is stuff, no checking in to see if you want anything else, no chatty talk, etc. And when I get water, I never get interrupted by being asked if I want the water. The guy comes over and fills the glass before I can even say no, 9 times out of 10.

I didn’t mean to imply that they are inattentive, just that the structure is different.