[Arteriogenesis is defined as the enlargement of pre-existing collateral arteries and their remodelling into conductance vessels[8]. This process is driven by an] increased blood flow in collateral arteries leading to an increase in wall tension and fluid shear stress[9-11]. Specific arterial signaling pathways, angiogenic growth factors, as well as resident cells in the vessel wall and circulating cells participate in this complex biological process of luminal expansion and wall growth[12-17]. It is important to note that arteriogenesis is the key mechanism to enhance perfusion and is, thus, critical for the rescue of ischemic organs[18, 19].

Arteriogenesis, on the other hand, is defined as the enlargement of pre-existing collateral arteries and their remodelling to conductance vessels5. This process is driven by an increased blood flow in collateral arteries leading to an increase in wall tension and fluid shear stress6–8. Specific arterial signaling pathways, angiogenic growth factors, as well as resident cells in the vessel wall and circulating cells participate in this complex biological process of luminal expansion and wall growth9–14. It is important to note that arteriogenesis is the key mechanism to enhance perfusion and is, thus, critical for the rescue of ischemic organs15,16.

Normally, there is only a minimal net flow in these pre-existing connections.
However, a sudden arterial occlusion or a slow progressing stenosis in the main artery
can cause an increased pressure gradient in these small vessels to respond by actively
proliferating and remodeling, which results in an increased lumen size and enhanced [perfusion to the ischemic tissue[20]. Hence, it seems that arteriogenesis is initiated
differently and progresses differently from angiogenesis.]

Normally, as a result of the high resistance of arteriolar anastomoses and the lack of a pressure gradient, there is only a minimal net flow in these pre-existing connections. However, a sudden arterial occlusion or a slow progressing stenosis in the main artery can cause an increased pressure gradient in the anastomoses, leading to increased blood flow inside. These small vessels respond by actively proliferating and remodeling, which results in an increased lumen size and enhanced perfusion to the ischemic tissue [11]. Hence, it seems that arteriogenesis is initiated differently and progresses differently to angiogenesis.