Thomas Swerts' 2014 dissertation offers a transatlantic comparative case study between undocumented activism in Chicago and Brussels. His "study shows that regardless of the circumstances, undocumented activists contest prevailing dichotomies of citizen/non-citizen and legal/illegal by creatively (re)-inventing ways of being political. While non-citizen citizenship differs depending on the political context, it nevertheless points towards a reconfiguration of citizenship in the twenty-first century." Swerts specifically focuses on storytelling in Chicago and gaining public visibility in Brussels as adaptive means of resistance.