Colonel: three stars on two barsLt. Colonel: two stars on two barsMajor: one star on two barsCaptain: Four stars on one barSenior Lieutenant: three stars on one barLieutenant: two stars on one barSecond Lieutenant: one star on one bar

Sadly, I am unsure. What I am sure this from the Second East Turkestan Republic period of 1946-49.

The hue of the colors of the epaulets imply that they are probably red for infantry, or so on. Similar to the Soviet Union's color scheme, the Soviets backed the ETR with weapons until they sold them out to Communist China in 1949.

The enlisted ranks might be the same designs as the Soviet Union's during 1943-46.

I don't have Photoshop, unfortunately, to make the transition from black and white to color.