“The MAPPA began operating in April 2001. This body places a duty on the police and the National Probation Service to assess and manage risks posed by offenders in every community in England and Wales. In the most serious cases MAPPA can recommend increased police monitoring, special steps to protect victims and the use of closely supervised accommodation. The work of the MAPPAs is available to the public in the form of the MAPPA annual report published jointly by the NPS and the Prison Service.”