A game show is a type of radio, television, or stage show in which contestants, individually or as teams, play a game which involves answering questions or solving puzzles, usually for money or prizes. Alternatively, a gameshow can be a demonstrative program about a game [while usually retaining the spirit of an awards ceremony]. In the former, contestants may be invited from a pool of public applicants. Game shows often reward players with prizes such as cash, trips and goods and services provided by the show's sponsor prize suppliers.

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Game shows began to appear on radio and television in the late 1930s. The very first television game show, Spelling Bee, as well as the first radio game show, Information Please, were both broadcast in 1938; the first major success in the game show genre was Dr. I.Q., a radio quiz show that began in 1939. Truth or Consequences was the first game show to air on commercially licensed television; the CBS Television Quiz followed shortly thereafter. Its first episode aired in 1941 as an experimental broadcast. Over the course of the 1950s, as television began to pervade the popular culture, game shows quickly became a fixture. Daytime game shows would be played for lower stakes to target stay-at-home housewives. Higher-stakes programs would air in primetime. During the late 1950s, high-stakes games such as Twenty-One and The $64,000 Question began a rapid rise in popularity. However, the rise of quiz shows proved to be short-lived. In 1959, many of the higher stakes game shows were discovered to be rigged and ratings declines led to most of the primetime games being canceled.

An early variant of the game show, the panel game, survived the quiz show scandals. On shows like What's My Line?, I've Got A Secret, and To Tell the Truth, panels of celebrities would interview a guest in an effort to determine some fact about them; in others, celebrities would answer questions. Panel games had success in primetime until the late 1960s, when they were collectively dropped from television because of their perceived low budget nature. Panel games made a comeback in American daytime television (where the lower budgets were tolerated) in the 1970s through comedy-driven shows such as Match Game and Hollywood Squares. In the UK, commercial demographic pressures were not as prominent, and restrictions on game shows made in the wake of the scandals limited the style of games that could be played and the amount of money that could be awarded. Panel shows there were kept in primetime and have continued to thrive; they have transformed into showcases for the nation's top stand-up comedians on shows such as Have I Got News for You, Would I Lie to You?, Mock the Week, QI, and 8 Out of 10 Cats, all of which put a heavy emphasis on comedy, leaving the points as mere formalities. The focus on quick-witted comedians has resulted in strong ratings, which, combined with low costs of production, have only spurred growth in the UK panel show phenomenon.

Game shows remained a fixture of US daytime television through the 1960s after the quiz show scandals. Lower-stakes games made a slight comeback in daytime in the early 1960s; examples include Jeopardy! which began in 1964 and the original version of The Match Game first aired in 1962. Let's Make a Deal began in 1963 and the 1960s also marked the debut of Hollywood Squares, Password, The Dating Game, and The Newlywed Game.

Though CBS gave up on daytime game shows in 1968, the other networks did not follow suit. Color television was introduced to the game show genre in the late 1960s on all three networks. The 1970s saw a renaissance of the game show as new games and massive upgrades to existing games made debuts on the major networks. The New Price Is Right, an update of the 1950s-era game show The Price Is Right, debuted in 1972 and marked CBS's return to the game show format in its effort to draw wealthier, suburban viewers. The Match Game became "Big Money" Match Game 73, which proved popular enough to prompt a spin-off, Family Feud, on ABC in 1976. The $10,000 Pyramid and its numerous higher-stakes derivatives also debuted in 1973, while the 1970s also saw the return of formerly disgraced producer and hostJack Barry, who debuted The Joker's Wild and a clean version of the previously rigged Tic-Tac-Dough in the 1970s. Wheel of Fortune debuted on NBC in 1975. The Prime Time Access Rule, which took effect in 1971, barred networks from broadcasting in the 7-8 p.m. time slot immediately preceding prime time, opening up time slots for syndicated programming. Most of the syndicated programs were "nighttime" adaptations of network daytime game shows. These game shows originally aired once a week, but by the late 1970s and early 1980s most of the games had transitioned to five days a week.

Game shows were the lowest priority of television networks and were rotated out every thirteen weeks if unsuccessful. Most tapes were destroyed until the early 1980s. Over the course of the late 1980s and early 1990s, as fewer new hits were produced, game shows lost their permanent place in the daytime lineup. ABC transitioned out of the daytime game show format in the mid-1980s (briefly returning to the format for one season in 1990 with a Match Game revival). NBC's game block also lasted until 1991, but the network attempted to bring them back in 1993 before cancelling its game show block again in 1994. CBS phased out most of its game shows, except for The Price Is Right, by 1993. To the benefit of the genre, the moves of Wheel of Fortune and a modernized revival of Jeopardy! to syndication in 1983 and 1984, respectively, was and remains highly successful; the two are, to this day, fixtures in the prime time "access period".

After the popularity of game shows hit a nadir in the mid-1990s United States (at which point The Price Is Right was the only game show still on daytime network TV), the British game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? began distribution across the globe. Upon the show's American debut in 1999, it was a hit and became a regular part of ABC's prime time lineup until 2002. Several shorter-lived high-stakes games were attempted around the time of the millennium, both in the United States and the United Kingdom, such as Winning Lines, The Chair, Greed, and Shafted, leading to some dubbing this period as "The Million-Dollar Game Show Craze". These higher stakes contests also opened the door to reality television contests such as Survivor and Big Brother, in which contestants win large sums of money for outlasting their peers in a given environment. Several game shows returned to daytime in syndication during this time as well, such as Family Feud, Hollywood Squares, and Millionaire.

The popularity of game shows in the United States was closely paralleled around the world. Reg Grundy Organisation, for instance, would buy the international rights for American game shows and reproduce them in other countries, especially in Grundy's native Australia. In the United Kingdom, game shows have had a more steady and permanent place in the television lineup and never lost popularity in the 1990s as they did in the United States, due in part to the fact that game shows were highly regulated by the Independent Broadcasting Authority in the 1980s and that those restrictions were lifted in the 1990s, allowing for higher-stakes games to be played. Game shows have had an inconsistent place in Canadian television, with most homegrown game shows there being made for the French-speaking Quebecois market and the majority of English-language game shows in the country being rebroadcast from, or made with the express intent of export to, the United States. There have been exceptions to this (see, for instance, the long-running Definition). Unlike reality television franchises, international game show franchises generally only see Canadian adaptations in a series of specials, based heavily on the American versions but usually with a Canadian host to allow for Canadian content credits. The smaller markets and lower revenue opportunities for Canadian shows in general also affect game shows there, with Canadian games (especially Quebecois ones) often having very low budgets for prizes, unless the series is made for export. Canadian contestants are generally allowed to participate on American game shows, and there have been at least three Canadian game show hosts – Monty Hall, Jim Perry, and Alex Trebek – who have gone on to long careers hosting American series.

In the U.S., CBS is currently the only major network airing daily national game shows. It still airs The Price Is Right and, as of 2009, is also airing a revival of Let's Make a Deal. Deal airs on weekdays at a time chosen by each CBS affiliate, while Price airs weekdays at 10 am or 11 am in most markets. In addition, ABC's syndication wing Disney-ABC Domestic Television distributes Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, and many of their local affiliates air it in syndication. The oldest, continually aired radio quiz show in the United States was Simply Trivia, which aired on public radio station WYSO in Yellow Springs, Ohio. It ran from 1972 through 2014.[1]

The rise of digital television in the United States opened up a large market for rerun programs. Buzzr was established by FremantleMedia North America, owners of numerous classic U.S. game shows, as a broadcast outlet for its archived holdings in June 2015. There has also been a rise of live game shows at festivals and public venues, where the general audience can participate in the show, such as the science-inspired Geek Out Game Show or the Yuck Show.

Many of the prizes awarded on game shows are provided through product placement, but in some cases they are provided by private organizations or purchased at either the full price or at a discount by the show. There is the widespread use of "promotional consideration", in which a game show receives a subsidy from an advertiser in return for awarding that manufacturer's product as a prize or consolation prize. Some products supplied by manufacturers may not be intended to be awarded at all and are instead just used as part of the gameplay (such as the low-priced items used in several pricing games of The Price Is Right).

For high-stakes games, a network may purchase prize indemnity insurance to avoid paying the cost of a rare but expensive prize out of pocket. If the said prize is won too often, the insurance company may refuse to insure a show. (This was a factor in the discontinuation of The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular series of prime-time specials.) In 2008, three of the contestants on The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular won the top prize in a five-episode span after fifteen episodes without a winner, due in large part to a change in the rules. The insurance companies had made it extremely difficult to get further insurance for the remaining episodes. A network or syndicator may also opt to distribute large cash prizes in the form of an annuity, spreading the cost of the prize out over several years or decades.

From about 1960 through the rest of the 20th century, American networks placed restrictions on the amount of money that could be given away on a game show, in an effort to avoid a repeat of the scandals of the 1950s. This usually took the form of an earnings cap that forced a player to retire once they had won a certain amount of money or a limit on how many episodes, usually five, on which a player could appear on a show. The introduction of syndicated games, particularly in the 1980s, eventually allowed for more valuable prizes and extended runs on a particular show. British television was under even stricter regulations on prizes until the 1990s, seriously restricting the value of prizes that could be given and disallowing games of chance to have an influence on the results of the game. (Thus, the British version of The Price Is Right at first did not include the American version's "Showcase Showdown", in which contestants spun a large wheel to determine who would advance to the Showcase bonus round.) In Canada, prizes were limited not by bureaucracy but necessity, as the much smaller population limited the audience of shows marketed toward that country. The lifting of these restrictions in the 1990s was a major factor in the explosion of high-stakes game shows in the later part of that decade in both the U.S. and Britain and, subsequently, around the world.

A bonus round (also known as a bonus game or an end game) usually follows a main game as a bonus to the winner of that game. In the bonus round, the stakes are higher and the game is considered to be tougher.[2]

The game play of a bonus round usually varies from the standard game play of the front game, and there are often borrowed or related elements of the main game in the bonus round to ensure the entire show has a unified premise. Though some end games are referred to as "bonus rounds", many are not specifically referred to as such in games but fit the same general role.

There is no one formula for the format of a bonus round. There are differences in almost every bonus round, though there are many recurring elements from show to show. The bonus round is often played for the show's top prize.

Until the 1960s, most game shows did not offer a bonus round. In traditional two-player formats, the winner — if a game show's rules provided for this — became the champion and simply played a new challenger either on the next show or after the commercial break.[2]

One of the earliest forms of bonus rounds was the Jackpot Round of the original series Beat the Clock. After two rounds of performing stunts, the wife of the contestant couple would perform at a jackpot board for a prize. The contestant was shown a famous quotation or common phrase, and the words were scrambled. To win the announced bonus, the contestant had to unscramble the words within 20 seconds. The contestant received a consolation gift worth over $200 if she was unsuccessful.

Another early bonus round ended each episode of You Bet Your Life with the team who won the most money answering one final question for a jackpot which started at $1,000 and increased $500 each week until won.

Another early example was the Lightning Round on the word game Password, starting in 1961. The contestant who won the front game played a quick-fire series of passwords within 60 seconds, netting $50 per correctly guessed word, for a maximum bonus prize of $250.[2][3]

The bonus round came about after game show producer Mark Goodson was first presented Password, contending that it was not enough to merely guess passwords during the show. "We needed something more, and that's how the Lightning Round was invited," said Howard Felsher, who produced Password and Family Feud. "From that point on every game show had to have an end round. You'd bring a show to a network and they'd say, 'What's the endgame?' as if they had thought of it themselves."[4]

The end game of Match Game, hosted for most of its run by Gene Rayburn, served as the impetus for a completely new game show. The first part of Match Game's "Super-Match" bonus round, called the "Audience Match", asked contestants to guess how a studio audience responded to a question. In 1975, with then regular panelist Richard Dawson becoming restless and progressively less cooperative, Goodson decided that this line of questioning would make a good game show of its own, and the concept eventually became Family Feud, as whose inaugural host Dawson was hired.[5]

1.
Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)
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Wheel of Fortune is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show features a competition in which contestants solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash, Wheel premiered as a daytime series on NBC on January 6,1975, and continued to air on the network until June 30,1989. After some changes were made to its format, the series returned on July 17,1989 as part of CBSs daytime lineup. On January 14,1991, Wheel moved back to NBC, the popularity of the daytime series led to a nightly syndicated edition being developed, that series premiered on September 19,1983 and continues to air to this day. The network version was hosted by Chuck Woolery and Susan Stafford. ODonnell left in 1980, Woolery in 1981, and Stafford in 1982, they were replaced, respectively, by Jack Clark, Pat Sajak, after Clarks death in 1988, M. G. Kelly took over briefly as announcer until ODonnell returned in 1989. ODonnell remained on the network version until its cancellation, and continued to announce on the show until his death in 2010. Sajak left the network version in January 1989 to host his own talk show. Bob Goen replaced Benirschke when the show moved to CBS. The syndicated version has been hosted continuously by Sajak and White since its inception, Wheel of Fortune ranks as the longest-running syndicated game show in the United States, with over 6,000 episodes aired. TV Guide named it the top-rated syndicated series in a 2008 article, and in 2013, the program has also come to gain a worldwide following with sixty international adaptations. The syndicated series 34th season premiered on September 12,2016, the core game is based on Hangman. Each round has a category and a word puzzle, with each blank representing a letter in the answer. Each game features three contestants, or occasionally, three two-contestant teams, each contestant/team is positioned behind a single scoreboard with its own flipper. The left scoreboard from the perspective is colored red, the center yellow, and the right blue. A contestant spins the wheel to determine a value and guess a consonant. Calling a correct letter earns the value before the corresponding flipper, a contestant with at least $250 may buy a vowel for a flat rate of that amount, until all the vowels in the puzzle have been revealed. Calling a correct letter keeps the wheel in the contestants control, in the first three rounds, the wheel contains a Wild Card and a Gift Tag, while two ½ Car tags are present in rounds two and three only

2.
Game
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A game is a structured form of play, usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is carried out for remuneration, and from art. However, the distinction is not clear-cut, and many games are considered to be work or art. Key components of games are goals, rules, challenge, games generally involve mental or physical stimulation, and often both. Many games help develop practical skills, serve as a form of exercise, or otherwise perform an educational, simulational, attested as early as 2600 BC, games are a universal part of human experience and present in all cultures. The Royal Game of Ur, Senet, and Mancala are some of the oldest known games, ludwig Wittgenstein was probably the first academic philosopher to address the definition of the word game. In his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein argued that the elements of games, such as play, rules, from this, Wittgenstein concluded that people apply the term game to a range of disparate human activities that bear to one another only what one might call family resemblances. A piece of entertainment is an if it is interactive. Movies and books are cited as examples of non-interactive entertainment, if no goals are associated with a plaything, it is a toy. If it has goals, a plaything is a challenge, if a challenge has no active agent against whom you compete, it is a puzzle, if there is one, it is a conflict. Finally, if the player can only outperform the opponent, but not attack them to interfere with their performance, however, if attacks are allowed, then the conflict qualifies as a game. Crawfords definition may thus be rendered as, an interactive, goal-oriented activity made for money, with agents to play against. A game is a system in which players engage in a conflict, defined by rules. A game is a form of art in which participants, termed players, according to this definition, some games that do not involve choices, such as Chutes and Ladders, Candy Land, and War are not technically games any more than a slot machine is. A game is an activity among two or more independent decision-makers seeking to achieve their objectives in some limiting context, a game is a form of play with goals and structure. When you strip away the differences and the technological complexities, all games share four defining traits, a goal, rules, a feedback system. Games can be characterized by what the player does and this is often referred to as gameplay. Major key elements identified in this context are tools and rules that define the context of game

3.
What's My Line?
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Whats My Line. is a panel game show which originally ran in the United States on the CBS Television Network from 1950 to 1967, with several international versions and subsequent U. S. revivals. It is the longest-running U. S. primetime network television game-show, after its cancellation by CBS in 1967, it returned in syndication as a daily production, moderated originally by Wally Bruner and later by Larry Blyden, which ran from 1968 to 1975. There have been international versions, radio versions, and a live stage version. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #9 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever, produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman for CBS Television, the show was initially called Occupation Unknown before deciding on the name Whats My Line. The original series, which was usually broadcast live, debuted on Thursday, February 2,1950 and this was then state-of-the-art technology, and Daly praised it upon his return from Moscow. In such instances, there would often be two shows a day, the one, followed immediately by the live one. The cast and crew began taking Summer breaks from the show in July 1961, the host, then called the moderator, was veteran radio and television newsman John Charles Daly. Clifton Fadiman, Eamonn Andrews, and Random House co-founding publisher, the show featured a panel of four celebrities who questioned the contestants. On the initial program of February 2,1950, the panel was former New Jersey governor Harold Hoffman, columnist Dorothy Kilgallen, poet Louis Untermeyer, and psychiatrist Richard Hoffmann. At various times, a regular panelist might take a vacation or be absent from an episode to due outside commitments, on these occasions, the most frequent guest panelist was Arlene Franciss husband Martin Gabel, who appeared 112 times over the years. Publisher Bennett Cerf replaced Untermeyer as a regular panelist in 1951, Allen left in 1954 to launch The Tonight Show, and he was replaced by comedian Fred Allen, who remained on the panel until his death in 1956. Following Fred Allens death, he was not replaced on a permanent basis, for the majority of the shows network run, between 1956 and 1965, the panel therefore consisted of Kilgallen, Cerf, Francis and a fourth guest panelist. After Kilgallens death in 1965, she was not replaced with a permanent panelist. For the shows final two years, the panel consisted of Cerf, Francis and two guests, Whats My Line. was a guessing game in which the four panelists attempted to determine the occupation of a guest. In the case of the mystery guest each week, the panel sought to determine the identity of the contestant. Panelists were required to probe by asking only yes-no questions, a typical episode featured two standard rounds plus one mystery guest round. On the occasions on which there were two guests, the first would usually appear as the first contestant. For the first few seasons, the contestant would first meet the panel up close, for an inspection

4.
I've Got a Secret
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Ive Got a Secret is a panel game show produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman for CBS television. Created by comedy writers Allan Sherman and Howard Merrill, it was a derivative of Goodson-Todmans own panel show Whats My Line, the original version of Ive Got a Secret premiered on June 19,1952, on CBS and ran until April 3,1967. This version began broadcasting in black and white and switched to a format in 1966. The show was revived for the 1972–73 season in syndication and again from June 15 to July 6,1976. Oxygen launched a revival series in 2000, which ran until 2001. A second revival by GSN with an all-gay panel premiered on April 17,2006, the show was originally hosted by radio and television personality Garry Moore. After several months of a panel, game show host Bill Cullen, acerbic comedian Henry Morgan, TV hostess Faye Emerson. In 1958, Emerson left the show to star in a play and was replaced by actress Betsy Palmer, later that year, Meadows relocated to the West Coast and was replaced by former Miss America Bess Myerson. At various times, guest hosts substituted for Moore, including panelists Morgan and Palmer, additionally, other comedians and celebrities appeared as guests on the panel when others were away. The announcer for most of the 1952-67 run was John Cannon, Moore left the show after the 1963–64 season. After his comedy program The Garry Moore Show was canceled, Moore chose to retire from television to travel the world with his wife, Moore was replaced by Steve Allen, who left his own syndicated talk show to take over the game, on September 21,1964. Allen also hosted the show during the 1972−73 revival, former panelist Bill Cullen hosted the show for its brief 1976 CBS summer run. Frequent panelists on this revival were Richard Dawson, Henry Morgan, Pat Carroll, the version seen on Oxygen was hosted by Stephanie Miller until August 2001. Regular panelists on this version included Jim J. Bullock, Jason Kravits, Amy Yasbeck, each typical episode featured two regular contestant rounds, followed by a celebrity guest round, occasionally followed by an additional regular round. Each round was a game where the panel tried to determine a contestants secret. The concept of a secret was fairly wide reaching, Secrets were always intended to be unusual, amazing, embarrassing or humorous. They commonly included such types as something which happened to a person, owning something, or an occupation, hobby, one or more contestants would enter. The host would introduce the contestant or ask their name and hometown and he would then ask them to whisper your secret to me, and well show it to the folks at home

5.
Match Game
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Match Game is an American television panel game show that premiered on NBC in 1962 and was revived several times over the course of the next few decades. The game featured contestants trying to come up with answers to fill-in-the-blank questions, the Match Game in its original version ran on NBCs daytime lineup from 1962 until 1969. The show returned with a changed format in 1973 on CBS and became a major success, with an expanded panel, larger cash payouts. Concurrently with the run, from 1975 to 1981, a five-night-a-week fringe time version. It returned to ABC in a prime time edition on June 26,2016. All of these used the 1970s format as their basis. The series was a production of Mark Goodson/Bill Todman Productions, along with its successor companies, in 2013, TV Guide ranked the 1973–79 version CBS version of Match Game as No.4 on its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever. The Match Game premiered on December 31,1962, Gene Rayburn was host and Johnny Olson served as announcer, for the series premiere, Arlene Francis and Skitch Henderson were the two celebrity panelists. The show was taped in Studio 8H at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, NBCs largest New York studio, a team scored 25 points if two teammates matched answers or 50 points if all three contestants matched. The first team to score 100 points won $100 and played the Audience Match, each contestant who agreed with the most popular answer to a question earned the team $50, for a possible total of $450. The questions used in the game were commonplace, Name a kind of muffin, Write down one of the words to ‘Row, Row, Row Your Boat’ other than ‘Row, the humor in the original series came largely from the panelists reactions to the other answers. In 1963, NBC cancelled the series with six weeks left to be recorded, question writer Dick DeBartolo came up with a funnier set of questions, like Mary likes to pour gravy all over Johns _____, and submitted it to Mark Goodson. NBC also occasionally used special episodes of the series as a program in prime time if one of its movies had an irregular time slot. The Match Game continued through September 26,1969 on NBC for 1,760 episodes, airing at 4,00 pm Eastern, running 25 minutes due to a five-minute newscast. Since Olson split time between New York and Miami to announce The Jackie Gleason Show, one of the networks New York staff announcers filled-in for Olson when he could not attend a broadcast. A successful match won a jackpot, which started at $500, very few episodes of the 1960s The Match Game survive. In the early 1970s, CBS vice president Fred Silverman began overhauling the networks programming as part of what has become known as the rural purge. As part of overhaul, the network reintroduced game shows beginning in 1972

6.
The Hollywood Squares
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The Hollywood Squares is an American panel game show in which two contestants play tic-tac-toe to win cash and prizes. The show piloted on NBC in 1965, and the series debuted in 1966 on the same network. The board for the game is a 3 ×3 vertical stack of open-faced cubes, each occupied by a celebrity seated at a desk and facing the contestants. The stars are asked questions by the host, and the judge the truth of their answers to gain squares in the right pattern to win the game. The shows writers usually supplied the jokes, in addition, the stars were given the questions subjects and bluff answers prior to the show. The show was scripted in this sense, but the gameplay was not, in 2013, TV Guide ranked it at No.7 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever. Internationally, there are multiple versions under a variety of names, although there have been variations over the years in the rules of and the prizes in the game, certain aspects of the game have remained fairly consistent. Two contestants competed in match, one playing X and the other O. One of the contestants was usually a returning champion, taking turns, each contestant selected a square. The star was asked a question and gave an answer, which was preceded by a zinger. The contestants had the choice of agreeing with the answer or disagreeing if they thought the star was bluffing. On rare occasions, a star would not know the answer to a question. In such instances, the contestant would be offered the chance to answer the question, usually the contestants declined, in which case they incurred no penalty and the same star was asked another question. The objective was to complete a line across, vertically, or diagonally or to score as many squares as possible, correctly agreeing or disagreeing with a stars answer captured the square. If the contestant failed to agree or disagree correctly, the square went to his/her opponent, bert Parks hosted the 1965 pilot of Hollywood Squares. NBC acquired the rights to the show, which debuted on October 17,1966 with Peter Marshall as host, Hollywood Squares was the final addition to a short-lived game show powerhouse block on NBC, which for the next two years also included Concentration, Jeopardy. Lets Make a Deal, Match Game and others, during most of its daytime run, NBC broadcast The Hollywood Squares at 11,30 a. m. Central, it dominated the ratings until 1976, when it made the first of several time slot moves, the daytime show aired its 3536th and last episode on June 20,1980

7.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time

8.
Tic-Tac-Dough
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Tic-Tac-Dough is an American television game show based on the paper-and-pencil game of tic-tac-toe. Contestants answer questions in various categories to put up their respective symbol, X or O, three versions were produced, the initial 1956–59 run on NBC, a 1978–86 run initially on CBS and then in syndication, and a syndicated run in 1990. The show was produced by Barry & Enright Productions, Jack Barry, the co-producer, was the original host of the 1950s version, followed by Gene Rayburn and then Bill Wendell, with Jay Jackson and Win Elliot hosting prime time adaptations as well. Patrick Wayne hosted the 1990 version, the goal of the game was to complete a line of three X or O markers on a standard tic-tac-toe board. Each of the nine spaces on the featured a category. Contestants alternated choosing a category and answering a general interest or trivia question in that category, If they were correct, they earned an X or O in that square, otherwise, it remained unclaimed. The center square, being of the most strategic importance, involved a two-part question, after each question, the categories shuffled into different positions. In the 1990 series, the categories shuffled prior to the start of each contestants turn, If at any point in a game it became impossible for either contestant to win with a line, the match was declared a draw and a new game started. The process continued until the deadlock was broken, however long it took to do so and this meant that a match could take multiple episodes to complete, which happened quite often. Tic-Tac-Dough used a format to enable this to take place smoothly. This meant that a match could start at any point in an episode, continue until time was called, the gameboard on the original 1950s series used rolling drums to display subject categories, with light displays beneath them to indicate Xs and Os. When Tic-Tac-Dough was revived in 1978, the gameboard was made up of nine Apple II monitors linked to a central Altair 8800 computer, the 1990 series used a completely computer generated setup. On the original 1950s Tic-Tac-Dough, a contestant played until either he/she was defeated or elected to stop on their own. On the 1978 CBS daytime series, contestants played until either being defeated or reaching the networks $25,000 total winnings limit, there was no such restriction on the syndicated series that debuted in the fall of 1978. This included the period between 1981 and 1984 where TTD aired on stations owned by CBS, several contestants during that time won amounts well in excess of any limit imposed on CBS stations at the time. The 1990 series featured a win limit of fifteen matches but it was never reached, on all subsequent series, each new game featured a different set of nine categories. If there were ties on the original or first syndicated series, in the 1990 series, there was no carryover of the pot from a tied game. Instead, the values of the outer boxes increased by $500, for each tie game before being defeated, losing challengers received $100 on the 1950s version and $250 in all subsequent versions

9.
Double Dare (Nickelodeon game show)
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Double Dare is an American television game show where two teams compete to win cash and prizes by answering trivia questions and completing messy stunts known as physical challenges. Hosted by Marc Summers, the program premiered on Nickelodeon on October 6,1986 as Nickelodeons first game show, a continuation for syndication premiered on February 22,1988, later renamed Super Sloppy Double Dare and continuing until September 8,1989. The program also had a run on Fox as Family Double Dare. Nickelodeon continued Family Double Dare, premiering a new version on October 6,1990, the original series ended on February 6,1993. A later revival hosted by Jason Harris, titled Double Dare 2000, almost immediately after its debut, Double Dare had more than tripled viewership for Nickelodeon’s afternoon lineup, becoming the most watched original daily program on cable television. The program was a success for Nickelodeon, helping establish the network as a player in cable. Double Dare remains Nickelodeons longest-running game show, in January 2001, TV Guide ranked the show number 29 on its list of 50 Greatest Game Shows. Each team on Double Dare and Super Sloppy Double Dare consisted of two children, while teams on Family Double Dare and Double Dare 2000 consisted of two adults and two children. Originally, both teams wore red uniforms, but after Double Dare entered syndication in 1988, one team wore uniforms while the other wore red. Each round began with a challenge in which both teams competed, with the winning team receiving both initial control of the round and money as shown below. After the toss-up, the host began asking questions to the team in control. Each correct answer awarded money and allowed the team to maintain control, however, the team could dare their opponents to answer the question, doubling its value, in response, the opponents could double dare for quadruple the original value. When the team in control received a double dare, they had to answer or compete in a physical challenge. An incorrect answer or not responding within approximately five seconds on a dare or double dare awarded both control and the amount of money to the team that issued it. The second round played the same as the first, with question values doubled, on Double Dare and Super Sloppy Double Dare, a question was initially worth $10. On Family Double Dare and Double Dare 2000, a question was initially worth $25, but, be careful, because they can always double dare you back for four times the amount, and then you either have to answer that question or take the physical challenge. Physical challenges were stunts, often messy, that a team had to perform in a time, usually 20 or 30 seconds. All physical challenges on Double Dare 2000 were 30 seconds in length, many challenges involved filling a container past a line with one of a variety of substances, including water, uncooked rice, green slime, whipped cream, and milk

10.
United States Armed Forces
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President

11.
Jeopardy!
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Jeopardy. is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show features a competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers. The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30,1964, a weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, The All-New Jeopardy. Ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979, the current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10,1984, and is still airing, making it by far the programs most successful incarnation. Both NBC versions and the syndicated version were hosted by Art Fleming. Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 show, since its inception, the daily syndicated version has featured Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer. With over 7,000 episodes aired, the syndicated version of Jeopardy. has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award. In 2013, the program was ranked No.45 on TV Guides list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history, Jeopardy. has also gained a worldwide following with regional adaptations in many other countries. The daily syndicated series 33rd season premiered on September 12,2016, three contestants each take their place behind a lectern, with the returning champion occupying the leftmost lectern. The contestants compete in a quiz game comprising three rounds, Jeopardy, the material for the questions covers a wide variety of topics, including history and current events, the sciences, the arts, popular culture, literature, and languages. Category titles often feature puns, wordplay, or shared themes, rounds each feature six categories, each of which contains five clues, which are ostensibly valued by difficulty. The dollar values of the clues increased over time, Series, clue values in the first round ranged from $10 to $50. They ranged from $25 to $125, the current series first round originally ranged from $100 to $500, and were doubled to $200 to $1,000 on November 26,2001. Specials, clues were valued in points rather than in dollars, round begins when the returning champion selects a clue, which may be from any position on the game board. The clue is revealed and read aloud by the host, after which any contestant may ring-in using a hand-held signaling device, the first contestant to ring-in successfully is prompted to provide a response to the clue, phrased in the form of a question. If the contestant responds correctly, the dollar value is added to the contestants score. An incorrect response, or a failure to respond within five seconds, deducts the clues value from the score and allows the other contestants the opportunity to ring-in. If no contestant responds correctly or does not know, the host gives the correct response, from the premiere of the original Jeopardy

Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) …

A coaxial cable used to carry cable television onto subscribers' premises

The bottom product is a set-top box, an electronic device which cable subscribers use to connect the cable signal to their television set.

A cable television distribution box (left) in the basement of a building in Germany, with a splitter (right) which supplies the signal to separate cables which go to different rooms

Diagram of a modern hybrid fiber-coaxial cable television system. At the regional headend, the TV channels are sent multiplexed on a light beam which travels through optical fiber trunklines, which fan out from distribution hubs to optical nodes in local communities. Here the light signal from the fiber is translated to a radio frequency electrical signal, which is distributed through coaxial cable to individual subscriber homes.