PURPOSE: Examine the moderating role of perceived organizational and coworker support on the relationship between job stress and type 2 diabetes risk among employees. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was administered to employees at the workplace. SETTING: One national retail organization. PARTICIPANTS: Baseline data were obtained from 1595 employees in 21 retail stores. MEASURES: Self-reported organizational and coworker support to encourage and fulfill job responsibilities and job stress...

The goal of this editorial is to equip readers with opioid education resources that enable you to role model what it looks like to speak out about addiction. How are we doing as a profession speaking up about addiction? Stigma is commanded by a deep irony: where peer pressure is what likely keeps us quiet, peer support is what enables us to speak up. The "#MeToo" movement is an extraordinary example of the inertia needed to break open a taboo topic. From Hollywood celebrities to US women's gymnastics stars, it was clear that as more women spoke up about sexual harassment, well, the more women spoke out...

OBJECTIVE: Positive youth development (PYD) often aims to prevent tobacco, alcohol, and drugs use and violence. We systematically reviewed PYD interventions, synthesizing process, and outcomes evidence. Synthesis of outcomes, published elsewhere, found no overall evidence of reducing substance use or violence but notable variability of fidelity. Our synthesis of process evaluations examined how implementation varied and was influenced by context. DATA SOURCE: Process evaluations of PYD aiming to reduce substance use and violence...

OBJECTIVE: We aim to contextualize the growing body of research on the sequelae of military service in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. We employ a social-ecological (SE) framework for the taxonomy of military health research and classify risk as arising from the individual, family, community, and the institutional levels. We intend for this review to inform enhanced health promotion efforts in military communities. DATA SOURCE: Articles reviewed were extracted from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus...

INTRODUCTION: To examine the association between objectively measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity with school absenteeism due to illness or injury among children and adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2006. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1249 children (aged 6-11 years) and 1747 adolescents (aged 12-17 years)...

It has been argued that the willpower of our citizenry hasn't measurably changed during the decades in which our nation's waistlines have measurably expanded. I agree, and I'd also submit that a weakening of political willpower and a lack of moral courage among those of us called to leadership is the more disturbing culprit. A case needs to be made that what we know and believe as a profession is most readily measured by what we permit to happen. As you review the sum of the research in this special issue on activity, weight, and diabetes, I anticipate you will share my observation that the current action in health promotion is less about dieting, exercise prescriptions, and chronic condition management and more about the right mix of head, heart, and feet...

PURPOSE: Adequate muscular strength has important implications for morbidity and early mortality prevention. There are no data on the recent trends in muscular strength across lifespan, which was this study's purpose. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to 2014 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey across the United States. PARTICIPANTS: The analyzed sample included 12 295 participants aged 6 to 85 years...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of footprints on stair climbing in different settings. DESIGN: Interrupted time-series design. SETTING: A company (stair/elevator choice) and a mall (stair/escalator choice). PARTICIPANTS: Employees (n = 5676) and visitors of the mall (n = 12 623). INTERVENTION: An intervention comprising 3 consecutive phases was implemented-(1) footprints leading to the stairs were stuck on the floor, (2) a health message referring to the footprints was introduced, and (3) passersby were congratulated for their increased stair use...

PURPOSE: Previous research demonstrates a favorable effect of physical activity on cognitive function among older adults. The potential dose-response relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in this population is less understood, which was the purpose of this study. SETTING: Data from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were employed. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2157 older adults aged 60 to 85 years...

PURPOSE: To examine the association between weight status duration and weight perception accuracy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2006. SAMPLE: A total of 4029 adults aged 20 years or older. MEASURES: To assess weight status duration, participants' past (10 years ago) and present body mass indexes were used to create 4 groups: normal weight in the past and present (group 1), normal weight in the past but overweight/obese in the present (group 2), overweight/obese in the present but not in the past (group 3), and overweight/obese in the past and present (group 4)...