The drivers that come with windows should work already. Bootcamp doesn't install any new driver USB-wise.

Most likely you got a bad windows installation. I would try the same disc on another machine just to be sure.

edit: Unless, of course, it's not an issue with the USB itself. Here's a good troubleshooting guide from microsoft. The only thing that it says about the USB itself is that it may be defective - even if it works on Mac. Hardware issues can be quite complex.