..The above findings, together with the evidence for direct inhibition by the sinus gland on the AG, suggest an endocrine axis-like relationship between the sinus gland, the AG, and the male reproductive system in decapod crustaceans...

..Oxidative stress induces serine phosphorylation of IRS1 and increases its degradation by a proteasome-independent pathway; yet, these changes do not correlate with the induction of impaired metabolic response to insulin. ..

..Increased expression of stress-activated kinases and IKK and their phosphorylated forms in omental fat occurs in obesity, potentially contributing to differential roles of omental and sc fat in the pathophysiology of obesity. ..

..Thus, we provided here an example that manipulation of the LysRS-Ap4A-HINT1-MITF signalling pathway in melanoma through post-translational modifications of HINT1 can affect the activity of the melanoma oncogene MITF. ..

..This mechanism introduces an additional function for PS in dynamically regulating inflammation across diverse cancer and primary cell types and has potential to usher in new immunotherapies targeting PS and inflammatory pathways. ..

..Additional control sites might be involved in bacterial chemotaxis, e.g. lateral control at the receptor level, control at the motor level, or control by metabolites that link central metabolism with chemotaxis. ..

..Our findings demonstrate that rat oocytes express a developmentally regulated Cx43. They further suggest that homotypic gap junctions that consist of Cx43 may be present between rat oocytes and their adjacent cumulus cells. ..

..Hepatic p38MAPK is activated following various stress stimuli. This event is upstream to ErbB receptors transactivation and plays an important role in stress-induced IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and insulin resistance. ..

..This mechanism of negative autophosphorylation provides a safety barrier that restrains the killing effects of DRP-1, and a target for efficient activation of the kinase by various apoptotic stimuli. ..

..These results illustrate that the ERK cascade is divided into two routes: the classic MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and the splice-variant MEK1b-ERK1c, each of which regulates distinct cellular processes and thus extends the cascade specificity. ..

..Steroidogenic factor-1 and DAX-1 may be involved in the regulation of the MAPK-dependent attenuation of steroidogenesis, since they exhibit sites that could be potentially phosphorylated by the MAPK cascade. ..

..These findings indicate that positive and negative signaling from AA to the mTOR pathway, combined with modulation of insulin sensitization, mediate the synthesis rates of total and specific milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells. ..

..The exposure of PS to the outer membrane and to extracellular vesicles is therefore a feature of necroptotic cell death and may serve to provide an immunologically-silent window by generating specific "find me" and "eat me" signals. ..

..This remarkable discrepancy between binding affinity and bioactivity is permitted by a mechanism that prevents receptor down-regulation, and results in a weak, but prolonged, state of receptor activation. ..

Agami R, Shaul Y. The kinase activity of c-Abl but not v-Abl is potentiated by direct interaction with RFXI, a protein that binds the enhancers of several viruses and cell-cycle regulated genes. Oncogene. 1998;16:1779-88 pubmed

..Collectively, we describe a novel mechanism of c-Abl recruitment to a defined DNA-cis element with its concomitant kinase activation. We propose that this mechanism may act to regulate cell-cycle control genes. ..

Hazan Halevy I, Seger R, Levy R. The requirement of both extracellular regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase for stimulation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) activity by either FcgammaRIIA or FcgammaRIIIB in human neutrophils. A possible role for Pyk2 but not for . J Biol Chem. 2000;275:12416-23 pubmed

..Thus, although ERK activation is significantly shorter than that of p38 MAP kinase, it is equally required for activation and maintenance of cPLA(2) activity by occupancy of a single receptor, FcgammaRIIA or FcgammaRIIIB. ..

..The observed superior ability of ErbB-2 to form heterodimers, in conjunction with its uniquely high basal tyrosine kinase activity, may explain why ErbB-2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. ..

..Thus, CheY is similar to many eukaryotic proteins involved in signaling, which undergo both phosphorylation and multiple acetylation, and in which the acetylation sites are restricted to a particular region. ..

..These new data shed light on the unique characteristics of EGFR-ERK1/2 activity in the ovarian follicle and emphasize the fact that the ovulatory process involves a nonclassical activation of this pathway. ..

..It is conceivable that combinatorial receptor interactions diversify signal transduction and confer double regulation, in cis and in trans, of the superior mitogenic activity of the kinase-defective ErbB-3. ..

..Thus, in response to ionizing radiation p73 is modified in a c-Abl-dependent manner and undergoes nuclear redistribution and translocates to associate with the nuclear matrix. Our data describe a novel mechanism of p73 regulation. ..

..DNA repair is a cellular defence mechanism responding to DNA damage caused in large part by oxidative stress. There is a controversy with regard to the effect of red blood cells on DNA damage and cellular response...

..We found that rHuEPO provides ERK1/2-dependent protection to PMCs from PDF-induced apoptosis. The use of rHuEPO, or any of its new derivatives that do not stimulate erythropoiesis, should be considered for peritoneal preservation. ..