Chevrolet Citation

The 1980 Citation was Chevy's replacement for the Nova and its version of GM's X-car.

The 1980 Chevrolet Citation was introduced in
April of 1979 as a 1980 model. The Citation and its X-car siblings opened a new
front-wheel-drive era at General Motors.

While they weren't the first of that
ilk from GM (the Olds Toronado laid claim to that title in 1966) or even the
first American mass-market front-drivers (the Dodge Omni/Plymouth Horizon beat
them to the punch by two years), they certainly proved to be the most
influential. Model-year 1980 sales totaled a staggering 1.39 million between
the four divisions, and Chevy's version laid claim to the nation's best-selling
car (at 811,540) its first year out.

Besides the obvious benefit of wearing the famed blue
bowtie, the Citation held an advantage over other GM X-cars in that it offered
more body styles. Citations came in three versions: a notchback coupe,
three-door hatchback, and five-door hatchback, the last being by far the most
popular; Pontiac, Olds, and Buick offered only two each, with Buick and Olds
having exclusive use of a four-door notchback sedan.

Citation replaced the aging rear-drive Nova (though
that moniker would re-emerge at mid-decade on a Toyota-based front-drive
subcompact), which attracted only 90,000 buyers in 1979. By that time, the
"compact" Nova's 111-inch wheelbase was three inches longer than the
"mid-size" Malibu's and fully half-a-foot longer than the Citation's.
Yet the X-car's front-drive mechanicals and modern unibody design resulted in a
large interior that rivaled the Nova in spaciousness.

Two powerplants were offered in the Citation.
Pontiac's (continued) "Iron Duke" 2.5-liter four (151 cubic inches)
made 90 horsepower, while a new 2.8-liter (173 cubic inches) Chevy-built V-6
with 115 horsepower was optional. Four-speed manual and three-speed automatic
transmissions were available with either engine.

As if first-year sales really needed a shot in the
arm, Chevy went after the younger crowd with the sport-oriented X-11 package.
Available on either the two-door coupe or three-door hatchback, it comprised an
uprated suspension and bold exterior graphics. Though it was no more powerful
than other Citations, an X-11 was satisfyingly speedy with the V-6/four-speed
combo.

While the timing of Citation's debut couldn't have
been better -- coinciding with a second gas crisis -- it soon became evident
that more effort should have been spent working out bugs before the car was
introduced.

Several problems surfaced early on, including a leak-prone
transmission hose that was linked to a number of underhood fires. That one
prompted a recall of 225,000 cars, the first of a long string that would
eventually rank Citation and its GM mates among the most recalled cars in
history.

The Citation X-11 was essentially a graphics package with beefed-up suspension.

1980 Chevrolet Citation Facts

Model

Weight range (lbs.)

Price range (new)

Number built

Citation

2,391-2,474

$4,800-$5,677

811,540

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