What is LLLT / Photobiomodulation Therapy?

LLLT (Low Level Laser Therapy) or Photobiomodulation Therapy which is the best technical term, is the application of red and near infra-red light over injuries or lesions to improve wound and soft tissue healing, reduce inflammation and give relief for both acute and chronic pain. First developed in 1967, it is now commonly referred to as LLLT.

LLLT is used to: increase the speed, quality and tensile strength of tissue repair; resolve inflammation and relieve pain (analgesia).

The effects of LLLT are photochemical (like photosynthesis in plants). When the correct intensity and treatment times are used, red and near infrared light reduces oxidative stress and increases ATP. This improves cell metabolism and reduce inflammation. These effects can be enhanced with pulses however when analgesia is required there is a second mechanism which works best when a strong continuous beam is applied.

Introduction to LLLT Video

Download 'LLLT dose review (PDF)'
This paper from Harvard Medical School reviews the LLLT mechanisms and the biphasic dose response. It summarises the molecular and cellular mechanisms of LLLT, gives a scientific explanation for the biphasic dose response (why a low dose has a stimulatory effect and why a high dose inhibits). Low power densities tend to get better healing and anti-inflammatory effects where higher power densities are more likely to inhibit (which may be useful if you just want an analgesic effect). I have to disclose an interest in this paper because I am a co-author. James Carroll CEO THOR Photomedicine.

The British Medical Journal (BMJ), The Lancet, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)