In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

published:31 Mar 2018

views:191

**Note: There is some dispute about my measurement of the neutrons. My supply blew out after one solid run. I will get this thing running again and take some better measurements at some point. I did not want to pull the video as the rest of the stuff is fine and accurate.
I built a small working nuclear reactor, its pretty pointless but really cool. They can be made really easily with some wire and a jar but building a stainless chamber was pretty fun. And a lot safer too because this thing throws out a ton of radiation. This sort of reactor is called a Farnsworth-Hirsch fusor.
It works by inertial electrostatic confinement which is a stupid way to say pulling and colliding particles together with electric charge. It does it with enough power to fuse deuterium nuclei together.
This is a terrible way to carry out fusion reactions as it takes WAY more energy than you put into it. But nonetheless it is actual atomic fusion and you get some pretty high energy neutrons (like 2Mev). You can either detect these directly with a tube, dosimeter, crazy stuff or silver activation. The silver transmutes into silver 109 or 111 which then decays into cadmium and releases alpha particles with a half life of ~22 seconds. The reaction also makes tritium, helium 3, 4 and x-rays.
They are cool but not all that useful unless you have a project that you need tons of neutrons for...
Prices and parts:
Chamber (could be simple bell jar) $50-$400
High voltageSupply, 35kv Negative polarity ~10 mA $100Vacuum pumps $150
Deuterium, hard to get but not that hard $100-$300
Solvents, valves, wires, wood, needle valve(.02), lead, whatever $200
I got it all from ebay, mcmaster and kurt j lesker.
I did bake the chamber a bit, it gets down to 20 mTorr now with just the mechanical pump because I just leave it under vacuum and everything has outgassed over a few weeks.
This thing spews out tons of bad stuff, and the high voltage might be able to kill you too. I'd be more worried about high energy neutrons though. Not to mention all the x-rays or uv rays plasma puts out. It'll kill ya if your stupid with it
Consider supporting me and my projects on patreon! https://www.patreon.com/Bennbuilds

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
This video has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create it. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Table of Contents
0:00:00 Space0:17:29 Constraints
0:28:22 Coolants
0:40:15 MSRE
0:48:54 Earth
0:59:46 Thorium
1:22:03 LFTR
1:36:13 Revolution
1:44:58 Forward
1:58:11 ROEI
2:05:41 Beginning
2:08:36 History
2:38:59 Dowtherm
2:47:57 Salt
2:51:44 Pebbles
3:06:07 India
3:18:44 Caldicott
3:35:55 Fission
3:56:22 Spectrum
4:04:25 Chemistry
4:12:51 Turbine
4:22:27 Waste
4:40:15 Decommission
4:54:39 Candlelight
5:13:06 Facts
5:26:08 Future
5:55:39 Pitches
5:56:17 Terrestrial
6:08:33 ThorCon
6:11:45 Flibe
6:20:51 End
6:25:53 Credits
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw

published:10 Mar 2017

views:118648

My quartex counter takes a reading of a small pile of some of my mantles. As you can see, the results were surprising. According to the counter manual, it displays measurements in mR/h. If this is so, this pile is VERY hot.

published:30 Jul 2013

views:421

Jether Blaise brings you news and updates about growing interest in commercializing thorium based nuclear power in Indonesia and Utah, and also looks at the phase out of nuclear power in South Korea and Germany. Please be sure to leave a comment, like, and subscribe!
Links to relevant news articles are below:
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=IDN
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/05/indonesia-continues-preliminary-work-towards-thorcon-thorium-molten-salt-reactors.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Korea#Nuclear
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=KORhttp://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2017/08/14/could-utah-be-epicenter-of-thorium-based-nuclear-energybr/
http://www.nature.com/news/reactor-shutdown-threatens-world-s-medical-isotope-supply-1.20577
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/serious-shortage-of-medical-isotopes-predicted-by-years-end/1017437.article
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/07/business/energy-environment/german-renewable-energy.html?smid=tw-share

The nuclear fuel may be solid or dissolved in the coolant itself. In many designs the nuclear fuel is dissolved in the molten fluoride salt coolant as uranium tetrafluoride (UF4). The fluid becomes critical in a graphite core which serves as the moderator. Solid fuel designs rely on ceramic fuel dispersed in a graphite matrix, with the molten salt providing low pressure, high temperature cooling. The salts are much more efficient than compressed helium at removing heat from the core, reducing the need for pumping and piping and reducing the size of the core.

The MSRE's piping, core vat and structural components were made from Hastelloy-N and its moderator was a pyrolytic graphite core. The fuel for the MSRE was LiF-BeF2-ZrF4-UF4 (65-29-5-1), the graphite core moderated it, and its secondary coolant was FLiBe (2LiF-BeF2), it operated as hot as 650°C and operated for the equivalent of about 1.5years of full power operation.

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

3:18

How to Make A Fusion Reactor

How to Make A Fusion Reactor

How to Make A Fusion Reactor

**Note: There is some dispute about my measurement of the neutrons. My supply blew out after one solid run. I will get this thing running again and take some better measurements at some point. I did not want to pull the video as the rest of the stuff is fine and accurate.
I built a small working nuclear reactor, its pretty pointless but really cool. They can be made really easily with some wire and a jar but building a stainless chamber was pretty fun. And a lot safer too because this thing throws out a ton of radiation. This sort of reactor is called a Farnsworth-Hirsch fusor.
It works by inertial electrostatic confinement which is a stupid way to say pulling and colliding particles together with electric charge. It does it with enough power to fuse deuterium nuclei together.
This is a terrible way to carry out fusion reactions as it takes WAY more energy than you put into it. But nonetheless it is actual atomic fusion and you get some pretty high energy neutrons (like 2Mev). You can either detect these directly with a tube, dosimeter, crazy stuff or silver activation. The silver transmutes into silver 109 or 111 which then decays into cadmium and releases alpha particles with a half life of ~22 seconds. The reaction also makes tritium, helium 3, 4 and x-rays.
They are cool but not all that useful unless you have a project that you need tons of neutrons for...
Prices and parts:
Chamber (could be simple bell jar) $50-$400
High voltageSupply, 35kv Negative polarity ~10 mA $100Vacuum pumps $150
Deuterium, hard to get but not that hard $100-$300
Solvents, valves, wires, wood, needle valve(.02), lead, whatever $200
I got it all from ebay, mcmaster and kurt j lesker.
I did bake the chamber a bit, it gets down to 20 mTorr now with just the mechanical pump because I just leave it under vacuum and everything has outgassed over a few weeks.
This thing spews out tons of bad stuff, and the high voltage might be able to kill you too. I'd be more worried about high energy neutrons though. Not to mention all the x-rays or uv rays plasma puts out. It'll kill ya if your stupid with it
Consider supporting me and my projects on patreon! https://www.patreon.com/Bennbuilds

0:55

4Ancient Epic Warriors | Ramb0D (C0LD) & Thorium (HOT)

4Ancient Epic Warriors | Ramb0D (C0LD) & Thorium (HOT)

4Ancient Epic Warriors | Ramb0D (C0LD) & Thorium (HOT)

13:33

Is this MONSTER RADIOACTIVE Lens just an "Alpha emitter"? NO. Why Thorium was put in Optical Glass

Is this MONSTER RADIOACTIVE Lens just an "Alpha emitter"? NO. Why Thorium was put in Optical Glass

Is this MONSTER RADIOACTIVE Lens just an "Alpha emitter"? NO. Why Thorium was put in Optical Glass

Cobalt Thorium G

6:27:00

Thorium.

Thorium.

Thorium.

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
This video has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create it. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Table of Contents
0:00:00 Space0:17:29 Constraints
0:28:22 Coolants
0:40:15 MSRE
0:48:54 Earth
0:59:46 Thorium
1:22:03 LFTR
1:36:13 Revolution
1:44:58 Forward
1:58:11 ROEI
2:05:41 Beginning
2:08:36 History
2:38:59 Dowtherm
2:47:57 Salt
2:51:44 Pebbles
3:06:07 India
3:18:44 Caldicott
3:35:55 Fission
3:56:22 Spectrum
4:04:25 Chemistry
4:12:51 Turbine
4:22:27 Waste
4:40:15 Decommission
4:54:39 Candlelight
5:13:06 Facts
5:26:08 Future
5:55:39 Pitches
5:56:17 Terrestrial
6:08:33 ThorCon
6:11:45 Flibe
6:20:51 End
6:25:53 Credits
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw

0:45

Thorium Coated Mantle Pile Test

Thorium Coated Mantle Pile Test

Thorium Coated Mantle Pile Test

My quartex counter takes a reading of a small pile of some of my mantles. As you can see, the results were surprising. According to the counter manual, it displays measurements in mR/h. If this is so, this pile is VERY hot.

Jether Blaise brings you news and updates about growing interest in commercializing thorium based nuclear power in Indonesia and Utah, and also looks at the phase out of nuclear power in South Korea and Germany. Please be sure to leave a comment, like, and subscribe!
Links to relevant news articles are below:
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=IDN
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/05/indonesia-continues-preliminary-work-towards-thorcon-thorium-molten-salt-reactors.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Korea#Nuclear
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=KORhttp://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2017/08/14/could-utah-be-epicenter-of-thorium-based-nuclear-energybr/
http://www.nature.com/news/reactor-shutdown-threatens-world-s-medical-isotope-supply-1.20577
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/serious-shortage-of-medical-isotopes-predicted-by-years-end/1017437.article
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/07/business/energy-environment/german-renewable-energy.html?smid=tw-share

Motherboard TV: The Thorium Dream (Documentary)

Motherboard's 30-minute film on the grassroots movement to make thorium nuclear power a reality. Read more: http://www.motherboard.tv/2011/11/9/motherboard-tv-the-thorium-dream

34:00

Thorium 2017

Thorium 2017

Thorium 2017

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as proposed by Flibe Energy's Kirk Sorensen... a modern redesign of the 2-Fluid, thermal-spectrum, MSBR concept.
http://Flibe-Energy.com/
Since 2011 (the year Flibe Energy was founded), legislators asking questions about Thorium have had their queries answered as if such a reactor design did not exist.
NNL [UK] and OECD [NEA] reports on the Thorium Fuel Cycle did not explore the implications of this reactor, and dismiss thorium based on challenges and mediocre performance found in other reactor designs.
For example, other options include a "Fast-Spectrum Molten-Salt Reactor". Worth pursuing, certainly, but requires more fissile inventory than LFTR... approximately 5x as much. (Fissile inventory is specifically mentioned as a concern by OECD's thorium report.) And assuming the challenges of a fast-spectrum MSR can be met... both natural Uranium and natural Thorium can both be fully consumed as fuel in a fast-spectrum reactor. That is where Thorium is dismissed as only "4x as common as Uranium" (fast-spectrum usage) rather than "400x as common as U-235" (thermal-spectrum usage).
Thorium's advantages: both thermal-spectrum breeding and unique chemical properties, are taken full advantage of only by LFTR style reactors.
When evaluated in any other reactor, depending on that reactor, Uranium can be as attractive, more attractive, or Uranium can be the only viable option.
For example: Shippingport. Cited as an example of a "Thorium Reactor" by Dr. Lyons, it was NEVER intended to be economical, and features no advantages of LFTR. It was a solid-fuel reactor, and so operated at low-temperature, had no on-line chemical reprocessing, used high-pressure water coolant, used fuel as inefficiently as every other solid-fuel reactor, and had to be shut down every time it was refueled. 2 of its 3 fuel loads were Enriched Uranium. It was -a- Reactor capable of consuming Thorium and demonstrated only that it was possible... it was not -THE- Thorium Reactor.
If you'd like to watch a mini-series length (6.5h) documentary on this topic, please check out "Thorium." https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM ...it goes into some technical detail on Thorium and Molten Salt Reactors, as well as nuclear power itself.
This video exists thanks to support pledged via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thorium
Other videos I've edited on Thorium & Molten Salt Reactors can be found here: http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Music (at 28:29) created by Kilowatts: http://kilowattsmusic.com/
00:00 LWR: 0.05% of Uranium's Energy Potential
00:54 LWR: ChemicalInstability
01:38 LWR: High Pressure
02:48 Alvin Weinberg
03:05 HighTemperature not High Pressure
03:40 MSRE Achievement
03:51 Graphite
04:08 MoveHeatNo Pressure
04:45 Salt: IonicBonds
05:33 Fluoride vs Fluorine
06:16 Cesium & Iodine
06:33 DrainTank
07:53 Disperse Heat
08:36 Solid Fuel: Candles
09:24 Online Chemical Reprocessing
10:15 Legislators ask about Thorium
10:46 OECD NEA Thorium Report
11:23 Fast-Spectrum Dodge
12:08 Spent Fuel
12:34 Efficient
13:49 Concentrated
14:10 Rare Earth Elements
15:41 China'sAcademy of Science
16:34 CO2Raw Material
17:07 Recycling
18:05 Sorting
18:52 NASA, Recycling & Energy
20:57 Molten Salt Research Halted
21:28 World Set Free
21:55 Documents
22:28 CD-ROMs and Internet
23:15 Obama Administration
24:33 Regulations vs Liquid Fuel
25:12 Stymied in USA
26:08 Flibe Energy
26:41 MSRE Researchers
27:14 Export of MSR Expertise
27:41 China vs Global Warming
28:29 1969-2017 Timeline
33:08 Thousands of years of Slavery
33:32 Energy Density of Thorium
Other Video Sources
02:46 https://youtu.be/EviEN0ScOwg Pandora's Box
03:08 https://youtu.be/ofs6-K7UCSU Weinberg 2011
03:41 https://youtu.be/pGzKuhY50v4 Weinberg 2004
03:41 https://youtu.be/tyDbq5HRs0o Found MSRE Doc
05:34 https://youtu.be/vtWp45Eewtw Fluorine (PToV)
05:54 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoK41_2JS4E_ZZyJSH7g-AhiiwMoCoFCB (MSBR3.0-ORNL-4528)
30:51 http://www.citizen-films.fr/en/thorium/ (T:TFSoN)

5:27

Car Runs For 100 Years Without Refueling - The Thorium Car

Car Runs For 100 Years Without Refueling - The Thorium Car

Car Runs For 100 Years Without Refueling - The Thorium Car

"If your car was powered by thorium, you would never need to refuel it. The vehicle would burn out long before the chemical did. The thorium would last so long, in fact, it would probably outlive you. That's why a company called Laser Power Systems has created a concept for a thorium-powered car engine. The element is radioactive, and the team uses bits of it to build a laserbeam that heats water, produces steam, and powers an energy-producing turbine.*" Cenk Uygur and Ana Kasparian of The Young Turks discuss.
Read more: http://mashable.com/2013/11/07/thorium-power-everything/
Download audio and video of the full two hour show on-demand + the members-only post game show by becoming a member at http://www.tytnetwork.com/member-options/. Your membership supports the day to day operations and is vital for our continued success and growth.
Join The Young Turks Network mailing list http://www.tytnetwork.com/member-options/register-subscriber/
or Support The Young Turks by Subscribing http://www.youtube.com/user/theyoungturks
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Buy TYT Merch: http://theyoungturks.spreadshirt.com/

1:22

☢ Thorium Dioxide Extraction UPDATE - #7 Radioactive Series ☢

☢ Thorium Dioxide Extraction UPDATE - #7 Radioactive Series ☢

☢ Thorium Dioxide Extraction UPDATE - #7 Radioactive Series ☢

In this video I show you an update on the Thorium Dioxide extraction! Thorium Dioxide is very radioactive and when I concentrate the solution in a couple of months and collect the thorium dioxide I will show you just how radioactive it is.
Thoriated Tungsten rods: http://yoitect.com/K0P
Most of my videos have to do with science and technology or Education but i change it up once in awhile.
Become a patron!
https://www.patreon.com/KylesLab
__
Website: http://yoitect.com/9r5

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Renewed interest in Molten Salt Reactor begin in 2002, when NASA scanned info PDF the Oak Ridge National Laboratory documents detailing research on Molten Salt Reactors.
A timeline of communication advancements as the documents propagated. Startups were created to pursue MSR. China's program to develop Thorium-MSR is launched.
And most surprisingly, in 2016, actual film footage of the operating MSRE was discovered at Oak Ridge. This happened as I was about to release "Thorium." and had already been publicly lamenting the movie camera shown in MSRE photos but without any public film footage to be found.
Dr. Alvin Weinberg himself restates his enthusiasm for MSR, and his belief people will one day return to MSR for civilian power production.
Music by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/

59:58

THORIUM DEBUNK

THORIUM DEBUNK

THORIUM DEBUNK

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile, and can fission into energy and fission products.
Claims have been made regarding both thorium's energy potential, and counter claims that it holds no particular advantage over uranium as a nuclear fuel.
This video seeks to clarify this dispute.
Music in this video was created by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/
Video assets were remixed from http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Video constructed by Gordon McDowell.
Reports cited are...NNL [UK'sNational Nuclear Laboratory] Comparison of Thorium and UraniumFuelCycles: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdfOECDNEA's Introduction of Thorium In The NuclearFuel Cycle: https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7224-thorium.pdf
IEER Thorium Fact Sheet: http://energyfromthorium.com/ieer-rebuttal/ (I will not be linking to IEER. Easy to Google.)
For a multi-hour in-depth look at Thorium, see video "Thorium.": https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM

*SMOKING HOT RADIOACTIVE* Thorium-Doped LENSES & Uranium-Doped toys!!

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

published: 31 Mar 2018

How to Make A Fusion Reactor

**Note: There is some dispute about my measurement of the neutrons. My supply blew out after one solid run. I will get this thing running again and take some better measurements at some point. I did not want to pull the video as the rest of the stuff is fine and accurate.
I built a small working nuclear reactor, its pretty pointless but really cool. They can be made really easily with some wire and a jar but building a stainless chamber was pretty fun. And a lot safer too because this thing throws out a ton of radiation. This sort of reactor is called a Farnsworth-Hirsch fusor.
It works by inertial electrostatic confinement which is a stupid way to say pulling and colliding particles together with electric charge. It does it with enough power to fuse deuterium nuclei together.
This is ...

published: 12 Jun 2014

4Ancient Epic Warriors | Ramb0D (C0LD) & Thorium (HOT)

published: 16 Aug 2017

Is this MONSTER RADIOACTIVE Lens just an "Alpha emitter"? NO. Why Thorium was put in Optical Glass

Cobalt Thorium G

published: 18 Oct 2014

Thorium.

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
T...

published: 10 Mar 2017

Thorium Coated Mantle Pile Test

My quartex counter takes a reading of a small pile of some of my mantles. As you can see, the results were surprising. According to the counter manual, it displays measurements in mR/h. If this is so, this pile is VERY hot.

Jether Blaise brings you news and updates about growing interest in commercializing thorium based nuclear power in Indonesia and Utah, and also looks at the phase out of nuclear power in South Korea and Germany. Please be sure to leave a comment, like, and subscribe!
Links to relevant news articles are below:
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=IDN
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/05/indonesia-continues-preliminary-work-towards-thorcon-thorium-molten-salt-reactors.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Korea#Nuclear
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=KORhttp://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2017/08/14/could-utah-be-epicenter-of-thorium-based-nuclear-energybr/
http://www.nature.com/news/reactor-shutdown-threaten...

Motherboard TV: The Thorium Dream (Documentary)

Motherboard's 30-minute film on the grassroots movement to make thorium nuclear power a reality. Read more: http://www.motherboard.tv/2011/11/9/motherboard-tv-the-thorium-dream

published: 10 Nov 2011

Thorium 2017

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as pro...

published: 23 Jul 2017

Car Runs For 100 Years Without Refueling - The Thorium Car

"If your car was powered by thorium, you would never need to refuel it. The vehicle would burn out long before the chemical did. The thorium would last so long, in fact, it would probably outlive you. That's why a company called Laser Power Systems has created a concept for a thorium-powered car engine. The element is radioactive, and the team uses bits of it to build a laserbeam that heats water, produces steam, and powers an energy-producing turbine.*" Cenk Uygur and Ana Kasparian of The Young Turks discuss.
Read more: http://mashable.com/2013/11/07/thorium-power-everything/
Download audio and video of the full two hour show on-demand + the members-only post game show by becoming a member at http://www.tytnetwork.com/member-options/. Your membership supports the day to day operation...

published: 13 Nov 2013

☢ Thorium Dioxide Extraction UPDATE - #7 Radioactive Series ☢

In this video I show you an update on the Thorium Dioxide extraction! Thorium Dioxide is very radioactive and when I concentrate the solution in a couple of months and collect the thorium dioxide I will show you just how radioactive it is.
Thoriated Tungsten rods: http://yoitect.com/K0P
Most of my videos have to do with science and technology or Education but i change it up once in awhile.
Become a patron!
https://www.patreon.com/KylesLab
__
Website: http://yoitect.com/9r5

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Renewed interest in Molten Salt Reactor begin in 2002, when NASA scanned info PDF the Oak Ridge National Laboratory documents detailing research on Molten Salt Reactors.
A timeline of communication advancements as the documents propagated. Startups were created to pursue MSR. China's program to develop Thorium-MSR is launched.
And most surprisingly, in 2016, actual film footage of the operating MSRE was discovered at Oak Ridge. This happened as I was about to release "Thorium." and had already been publicly lamenting the movie camera shown in MSRE photos but without any public film footage to be found.
Dr. Alvin Weinberg himself restates his enthusiasm for MSR, and his belief people will one day return to MSR for civilian power production.
Music by KiloWatts: h...

published: 25 Mar 2017

THORIUM DEBUNK

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile, and can fission into energy and fission products.
Claims have been made regarding both thorium's energy potential, and counter claims that it holds no particular advantage over uranium as a nuclear fuel.
This video seeks to clarify this dispute.
Music in this video was created by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/
Video assets were remixed from http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Video constructed by Gordon McDowell.
Reports cited are...NNL [UK'sNational Nuclear Laboratory] Comparison of Thorium and UraniumFuelCycles: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdf
...

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compare...

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

How to Make A Fusion Reactor

**Note: There is some dispute about my measurement of the neutrons. My supply blew out after one solid run. I will get this thing running again and take some be...

**Note: There is some dispute about my measurement of the neutrons. My supply blew out after one solid run. I will get this thing running again and take some better measurements at some point. I did not want to pull the video as the rest of the stuff is fine and accurate.
I built a small working nuclear reactor, its pretty pointless but really cool. They can be made really easily with some wire and a jar but building a stainless chamber was pretty fun. And a lot safer too because this thing throws out a ton of radiation. This sort of reactor is called a Farnsworth-Hirsch fusor.
It works by inertial electrostatic confinement which is a stupid way to say pulling and colliding particles together with electric charge. It does it with enough power to fuse deuterium nuclei together.
This is a terrible way to carry out fusion reactions as it takes WAY more energy than you put into it. But nonetheless it is actual atomic fusion and you get some pretty high energy neutrons (like 2Mev). You can either detect these directly with a tube, dosimeter, crazy stuff or silver activation. The silver transmutes into silver 109 or 111 which then decays into cadmium and releases alpha particles with a half life of ~22 seconds. The reaction also makes tritium, helium 3, 4 and x-rays.
They are cool but not all that useful unless you have a project that you need tons of neutrons for...
Prices and parts:
Chamber (could be simple bell jar) $50-$400
High voltageSupply, 35kv Negative polarity ~10 mA $100Vacuum pumps $150
Deuterium, hard to get but not that hard $100-$300
Solvents, valves, wires, wood, needle valve(.02), lead, whatever $200
I got it all from ebay, mcmaster and kurt j lesker.
I did bake the chamber a bit, it gets down to 20 mTorr now with just the mechanical pump because I just leave it under vacuum and everything has outgassed over a few weeks.
This thing spews out tons of bad stuff, and the high voltage might be able to kill you too. I'd be more worried about high energy neutrons though. Not to mention all the x-rays or uv rays plasma puts out. It'll kill ya if your stupid with it
Consider supporting me and my projects on patreon! https://www.patreon.com/Bennbuilds

**Note: There is some dispute about my measurement of the neutrons. My supply blew out after one solid run. I will get this thing running again and take some better measurements at some point. I did not want to pull the video as the rest of the stuff is fine and accurate.
I built a small working nuclear reactor, its pretty pointless but really cool. They can be made really easily with some wire and a jar but building a stainless chamber was pretty fun. And a lot safer too because this thing throws out a ton of radiation. This sort of reactor is called a Farnsworth-Hirsch fusor.
It works by inertial electrostatic confinement which is a stupid way to say pulling and colliding particles together with electric charge. It does it with enough power to fuse deuterium nuclei together.
This is a terrible way to carry out fusion reactions as it takes WAY more energy than you put into it. But nonetheless it is actual atomic fusion and you get some pretty high energy neutrons (like 2Mev). You can either detect these directly with a tube, dosimeter, crazy stuff or silver activation. The silver transmutes into silver 109 or 111 which then decays into cadmium and releases alpha particles with a half life of ~22 seconds. The reaction also makes tritium, helium 3, 4 and x-rays.
They are cool but not all that useful unless you have a project that you need tons of neutrons for...
Prices and parts:
Chamber (could be simple bell jar) $50-$400
High voltageSupply, 35kv Negative polarity ~10 mA $100Vacuum pumps $150
Deuterium, hard to get but not that hard $100-$300
Solvents, valves, wires, wood, needle valve(.02), lead, whatever $200
I got it all from ebay, mcmaster and kurt j lesker.
I did bake the chamber a bit, it gets down to 20 mTorr now with just the mechanical pump because I just leave it under vacuum and everything has outgassed over a few weeks.
This thing spews out tons of bad stuff, and the high voltage might be able to kill you too. I'd be more worried about high energy neutrons though. Not to mention all the x-rays or uv rays plasma puts out. It'll kill ya if your stupid with it
Consider supporting me and my projects on patreon! https://www.patreon.com/Bennbuilds

Cobalt Thorium G

Thorium.

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very differ...

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
This video has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create it. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Table of Contents
0:00:00 Space0:17:29 Constraints
0:28:22 Coolants
0:40:15 MSRE
0:48:54 Earth
0:59:46 Thorium
1:22:03 LFTR
1:36:13 Revolution
1:44:58 Forward
1:58:11 ROEI
2:05:41 Beginning
2:08:36 History
2:38:59 Dowtherm
2:47:57 Salt
2:51:44 Pebbles
3:06:07 India
3:18:44 Caldicott
3:35:55 Fission
3:56:22 Spectrum
4:04:25 Chemistry
4:12:51 Turbine
4:22:27 Waste
4:40:15 Decommission
4:54:39 Candlelight
5:13:06 Facts
5:26:08 Future
5:55:39 Pitches
5:56:17 Terrestrial
6:08:33 ThorCon
6:11:45 Flibe
6:20:51 End
6:25:53 Credits
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
This video has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create it. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Table of Contents
0:00:00 Space0:17:29 Constraints
0:28:22 Coolants
0:40:15 MSRE
0:48:54 Earth
0:59:46 Thorium
1:22:03 LFTR
1:36:13 Revolution
1:44:58 Forward
1:58:11 ROEI
2:05:41 Beginning
2:08:36 History
2:38:59 Dowtherm
2:47:57 Salt
2:51:44 Pebbles
3:06:07 India
3:18:44 Caldicott
3:35:55 Fission
3:56:22 Spectrum
4:04:25 Chemistry
4:12:51 Turbine
4:22:27 Waste
4:40:15 Decommission
4:54:39 Candlelight
5:13:06 Facts
5:26:08 Future
5:55:39 Pitches
5:56:17 Terrestrial
6:08:33 ThorCon
6:11:45 Flibe
6:20:51 End
6:25:53 Credits
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw

Thorium Coated Mantle Pile Test

My quartex counter takes a reading of a small pile of some of my mantles. As you can see, the results were surprising. According to the counter manual, it displ...

My quartex counter takes a reading of a small pile of some of my mantles. As you can see, the results were surprising. According to the counter manual, it displays measurements in mR/h. If this is so, this pile is VERY hot.

My quartex counter takes a reading of a small pile of some of my mantles. As you can see, the results were surprising. According to the counter manual, it displays measurements in mR/h. If this is so, this pile is VERY hot.

Jether Blaise brings you news and updates about growing interest in commercializing thorium based nuclear power in Indonesia and Utah, and also looks at the pha...

Jether Blaise brings you news and updates about growing interest in commercializing thorium based nuclear power in Indonesia and Utah, and also looks at the phase out of nuclear power in South Korea and Germany. Please be sure to leave a comment, like, and subscribe!
Links to relevant news articles are below:
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=IDN
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/05/indonesia-continues-preliminary-work-towards-thorcon-thorium-molten-salt-reactors.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Korea#Nuclear
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=KORhttp://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2017/08/14/could-utah-be-epicenter-of-thorium-based-nuclear-energybr/
http://www.nature.com/news/reactor-shutdown-threatens-world-s-medical-isotope-supply-1.20577
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/serious-shortage-of-medical-isotopes-predicted-by-years-end/1017437.article
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/07/business/energy-environment/german-renewable-energy.html?smid=tw-share

Jether Blaise brings you news and updates about growing interest in commercializing thorium based nuclear power in Indonesia and Utah, and also looks at the phase out of nuclear power in South Korea and Germany. Please be sure to leave a comment, like, and subscribe!
Links to relevant news articles are below:
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=IDN
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/05/indonesia-continues-preliminary-work-towards-thorcon-thorium-molten-salt-reactors.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Korea#Nuclear
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=KORhttp://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2017/08/14/could-utah-be-epicenter-of-thorium-based-nuclear-energybr/
http://www.nature.com/news/reactor-shutdown-threatens-world-s-medical-isotope-supply-1.20577
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/serious-shortage-of-medical-isotopes-predicted-by-years-end/1017437.article
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/07/business/energy-environment/german-renewable-energy.html?smid=tw-share

Thorium 2017

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough ...

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as proposed by Flibe Energy's Kirk Sorensen... a modern redesign of the 2-Fluid, thermal-spectrum, MSBR concept.
http://Flibe-Energy.com/
Since 2011 (the year Flibe Energy was founded), legislators asking questions about Thorium have had their queries answered as if such a reactor design did not exist.
NNL [UK] and OECD [NEA] reports on the Thorium Fuel Cycle did not explore the implications of this reactor, and dismiss thorium based on challenges and mediocre performance found in other reactor designs.
For example, other options include a "Fast-Spectrum Molten-Salt Reactor". Worth pursuing, certainly, but requires more fissile inventory than LFTR... approximately 5x as much. (Fissile inventory is specifically mentioned as a concern by OECD's thorium report.) And assuming the challenges of a fast-spectrum MSR can be met... both natural Uranium and natural Thorium can both be fully consumed as fuel in a fast-spectrum reactor. That is where Thorium is dismissed as only "4x as common as Uranium" (fast-spectrum usage) rather than "400x as common as U-235" (thermal-spectrum usage).
Thorium's advantages: both thermal-spectrum breeding and unique chemical properties, are taken full advantage of only by LFTR style reactors.
When evaluated in any other reactor, depending on that reactor, Uranium can be as attractive, more attractive, or Uranium can be the only viable option.
For example: Shippingport. Cited as an example of a "Thorium Reactor" by Dr. Lyons, it was NEVER intended to be economical, and features no advantages of LFTR. It was a solid-fuel reactor, and so operated at low-temperature, had no on-line chemical reprocessing, used high-pressure water coolant, used fuel as inefficiently as every other solid-fuel reactor, and had to be shut down every time it was refueled. 2 of its 3 fuel loads were Enriched Uranium. It was -a- Reactor capable of consuming Thorium and demonstrated only that it was possible... it was not -THE- Thorium Reactor.
If you'd like to watch a mini-series length (6.5h) documentary on this topic, please check out "Thorium." https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM ...it goes into some technical detail on Thorium and Molten Salt Reactors, as well as nuclear power itself.
This video exists thanks to support pledged via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thorium
Other videos I've edited on Thorium & Molten Salt Reactors can be found here: http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Music (at 28:29) created by Kilowatts: http://kilowattsmusic.com/
00:00 LWR: 0.05% of Uranium's Energy Potential
00:54 LWR: ChemicalInstability
01:38 LWR: High Pressure
02:48 Alvin Weinberg
03:05 HighTemperature not High Pressure
03:40 MSRE Achievement
03:51 Graphite
04:08 MoveHeatNo Pressure
04:45 Salt: IonicBonds
05:33 Fluoride vs Fluorine
06:16 Cesium & Iodine
06:33 DrainTank
07:53 Disperse Heat
08:36 Solid Fuel: Candles
09:24 Online Chemical Reprocessing
10:15 Legislators ask about Thorium
10:46 OECD NEA Thorium Report
11:23 Fast-Spectrum Dodge
12:08 Spent Fuel
12:34 Efficient
13:49 Concentrated
14:10 Rare Earth Elements
15:41 China'sAcademy of Science
16:34 CO2Raw Material
17:07 Recycling
18:05 Sorting
18:52 NASA, Recycling & Energy
20:57 Molten Salt Research Halted
21:28 World Set Free
21:55 Documents
22:28 CD-ROMs and Internet
23:15 Obama Administration
24:33 Regulations vs Liquid Fuel
25:12 Stymied in USA
26:08 Flibe Energy
26:41 MSRE Researchers
27:14 Export of MSR Expertise
27:41 China vs Global Warming
28:29 1969-2017 Timeline
33:08 Thousands of years of Slavery
33:32 Energy Density of Thorium
Other Video Sources
02:46 https://youtu.be/EviEN0ScOwg Pandora's Box
03:08 https://youtu.be/ofs6-K7UCSU Weinberg 2011
03:41 https://youtu.be/pGzKuhY50v4 Weinberg 2004
03:41 https://youtu.be/tyDbq5HRs0o Found MSRE Doc
05:34 https://youtu.be/vtWp45Eewtw Fluorine (PToV)
05:54 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoK41_2JS4E_ZZyJSH7g-AhiiwMoCoFCB (MSBR3.0-ORNL-4528)
30:51 http://www.citizen-films.fr/en/thorium/ (T:TFSoN)

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as proposed by Flibe Energy's Kirk Sorensen... a modern redesign of the 2-Fluid, thermal-spectrum, MSBR concept.
http://Flibe-Energy.com/
Since 2011 (the year Flibe Energy was founded), legislators asking questions about Thorium have had their queries answered as if such a reactor design did not exist.
NNL [UK] and OECD [NEA] reports on the Thorium Fuel Cycle did not explore the implications of this reactor, and dismiss thorium based on challenges and mediocre performance found in other reactor designs.
For example, other options include a "Fast-Spectrum Molten-Salt Reactor". Worth pursuing, certainly, but requires more fissile inventory than LFTR... approximately 5x as much. (Fissile inventory is specifically mentioned as a concern by OECD's thorium report.) And assuming the challenges of a fast-spectrum MSR can be met... both natural Uranium and natural Thorium can both be fully consumed as fuel in a fast-spectrum reactor. That is where Thorium is dismissed as only "4x as common as Uranium" (fast-spectrum usage) rather than "400x as common as U-235" (thermal-spectrum usage).
Thorium's advantages: both thermal-spectrum breeding and unique chemical properties, are taken full advantage of only by LFTR style reactors.
When evaluated in any other reactor, depending on that reactor, Uranium can be as attractive, more attractive, or Uranium can be the only viable option.
For example: Shippingport. Cited as an example of a "Thorium Reactor" by Dr. Lyons, it was NEVER intended to be economical, and features no advantages of LFTR. It was a solid-fuel reactor, and so operated at low-temperature, had no on-line chemical reprocessing, used high-pressure water coolant, used fuel as inefficiently as every other solid-fuel reactor, and had to be shut down every time it was refueled. 2 of its 3 fuel loads were Enriched Uranium. It was -a- Reactor capable of consuming Thorium and demonstrated only that it was possible... it was not -THE- Thorium Reactor.
If you'd like to watch a mini-series length (6.5h) documentary on this topic, please check out "Thorium." https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM ...it goes into some technical detail on Thorium and Molten Salt Reactors, as well as nuclear power itself.
This video exists thanks to support pledged via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thorium
Other videos I've edited on Thorium & Molten Salt Reactors can be found here: http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Music (at 28:29) created by Kilowatts: http://kilowattsmusic.com/
00:00 LWR: 0.05% of Uranium's Energy Potential
00:54 LWR: ChemicalInstability
01:38 LWR: High Pressure
02:48 Alvin Weinberg
03:05 HighTemperature not High Pressure
03:40 MSRE Achievement
03:51 Graphite
04:08 MoveHeatNo Pressure
04:45 Salt: IonicBonds
05:33 Fluoride vs Fluorine
06:16 Cesium & Iodine
06:33 DrainTank
07:53 Disperse Heat
08:36 Solid Fuel: Candles
09:24 Online Chemical Reprocessing
10:15 Legislators ask about Thorium
10:46 OECD NEA Thorium Report
11:23 Fast-Spectrum Dodge
12:08 Spent Fuel
12:34 Efficient
13:49 Concentrated
14:10 Rare Earth Elements
15:41 China'sAcademy of Science
16:34 CO2Raw Material
17:07 Recycling
18:05 Sorting
18:52 NASA, Recycling & Energy
20:57 Molten Salt Research Halted
21:28 World Set Free
21:55 Documents
22:28 CD-ROMs and Internet
23:15 Obama Administration
24:33 Regulations vs Liquid Fuel
25:12 Stymied in USA
26:08 Flibe Energy
26:41 MSRE Researchers
27:14 Export of MSR Expertise
27:41 China vs Global Warming
28:29 1969-2017 Timeline
33:08 Thousands of years of Slavery
33:32 Energy Density of Thorium
Other Video Sources
02:46 https://youtu.be/EviEN0ScOwg Pandora's Box
03:08 https://youtu.be/ofs6-K7UCSU Weinberg 2011
03:41 https://youtu.be/pGzKuhY50v4 Weinberg 2004
03:41 https://youtu.be/tyDbq5HRs0o Found MSRE Doc
05:34 https://youtu.be/vtWp45Eewtw Fluorine (PToV)
05:54 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoK41_2JS4E_ZZyJSH7g-AhiiwMoCoFCB (MSBR3.0-ORNL-4528)
30:51 http://www.citizen-films.fr/en/thorium/ (T:TFSoN)

Car Runs For 100 Years Without Refueling - The Thorium Car

"If your car was powered by thorium, you would never need to refuel it. The vehicle would burn out long before the chemical did. The thorium would last so long,...

"If your car was powered by thorium, you would never need to refuel it. The vehicle would burn out long before the chemical did. The thorium would last so long, in fact, it would probably outlive you. That's why a company called Laser Power Systems has created a concept for a thorium-powered car engine. The element is radioactive, and the team uses bits of it to build a laserbeam that heats water, produces steam, and powers an energy-producing turbine.*" Cenk Uygur and Ana Kasparian of The Young Turks discuss.
Read more: http://mashable.com/2013/11/07/thorium-power-everything/
Download audio and video of the full two hour show on-demand + the members-only post game show by becoming a member at http://www.tytnetwork.com/member-options/. Your membership supports the day to day operations and is vital for our continued success and growth.
Join The Young Turks Network mailing list http://www.tytnetwork.com/member-options/register-subscriber/
or Support The Young Turks by Subscribing http://www.youtube.com/user/theyoungturks
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"If your car was powered by thorium, you would never need to refuel it. The vehicle would burn out long before the chemical did. The thorium would last so long, in fact, it would probably outlive you. That's why a company called Laser Power Systems has created a concept for a thorium-powered car engine. The element is radioactive, and the team uses bits of it to build a laserbeam that heats water, produces steam, and powers an energy-producing turbine.*" Cenk Uygur and Ana Kasparian of The Young Turks discuss.
Read more: http://mashable.com/2013/11/07/thorium-power-everything/
Download audio and video of the full two hour show on-demand + the members-only post game show by becoming a member at http://www.tytnetwork.com/member-options/. Your membership supports the day to day operations and is vital for our continued success and growth.
Join The Young Turks Network mailing list http://www.tytnetwork.com/member-options/register-subscriber/
or Support The Young Turks by Subscribing http://www.youtube.com/user/theyoungturks
Like Us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/TheYoungTurks
Follow Us on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/TheYoungTurks
Support TYT for FREE by doing your Amazon shopping through this link (bookmark it!) http://www.amazon.com/?tag=theyoungturks-20
Buy TYT Merch: http://theyoungturks.spreadshirt.com/

☢ Thorium Dioxide Extraction UPDATE - #7 Radioactive Series ☢

In this video I show you an update on the Thorium Dioxide extraction! Thorium Dioxide is very radioactive and when I concentrate the solution in a couple of mon...

In this video I show you an update on the Thorium Dioxide extraction! Thorium Dioxide is very radioactive and when I concentrate the solution in a couple of months and collect the thorium dioxide I will show you just how radioactive it is.
Thoriated Tungsten rods: http://yoitect.com/K0P
Most of my videos have to do with science and technology or Education but i change it up once in awhile.
Become a patron!
https://www.patreon.com/KylesLab
__
Website: http://yoitect.com/9r5

In this video I show you an update on the Thorium Dioxide extraction! Thorium Dioxide is very radioactive and when I concentrate the solution in a couple of months and collect the thorium dioxide I will show you just how radioactive it is.
Thoriated Tungsten rods: http://yoitect.com/K0P
Most of my videos have to do with science and technology or Education but i change it up once in awhile.
Become a patron!
https://www.patreon.com/KylesLab
__
Website: http://yoitect.com/9r5

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Renewed interest in Molten Salt Reactor begin in 2002, when NASA scanned info PDF the Oak Ridge National Laboratory documents detailing research on Molten Salt Reactors.
A timeline of communication advancements as the documents propagated. Startups were created to pursue MSR. China's program to develop Thorium-MSR is launched.
And most surprisingly, in 2016, actual film footage of the operating MSRE was discovered at Oak Ridge. This happened as I was about to release "Thorium." and had already been publicly lamenting the movie camera shown in MSRE photos but without any public film footage to be found.
Dr. Alvin Weinberg himself restates his enthusiasm for MSR, and his belief people will one day return to MSR for civilian power production.
Music by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Renewed interest in Molten Salt Reactor begin in 2002, when NASA scanned info PDF the Oak Ridge National Laboratory documents detailing research on Molten Salt Reactors.
A timeline of communication advancements as the documents propagated. Startups were created to pursue MSR. China's program to develop Thorium-MSR is launched.
And most surprisingly, in 2016, actual film footage of the operating MSRE was discovered at Oak Ridge. This happened as I was about to release "Thorium." and had already been publicly lamenting the movie camera shown in MSRE photos but without any public film footage to be found.
Dr. Alvin Weinberg himself restates his enthusiasm for MSR, and his belief people will one day return to MSR for civilian power production.
Music by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/

THORIUM DEBUNK

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile,...

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile, and can fission into energy and fission products.
Claims have been made regarding both thorium's energy potential, and counter claims that it holds no particular advantage over uranium as a nuclear fuel.
This video seeks to clarify this dispute.
Music in this video was created by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/
Video assets were remixed from http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Video constructed by Gordon McDowell.
Reports cited are...NNL [UK'sNational Nuclear Laboratory] Comparison of Thorium and UraniumFuelCycles: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdfOECDNEA's Introduction of Thorium In The NuclearFuel Cycle: https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7224-thorium.pdf
IEER Thorium Fact Sheet: http://energyfromthorium.com/ieer-rebuttal/ (I will not be linking to IEER. Easy to Google.)
For a multi-hour in-depth look at Thorium, see video "Thorium.": https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile, and can fission into energy and fission products.
Claims have been made regarding both thorium's energy potential, and counter claims that it holds no particular advantage over uranium as a nuclear fuel.
This video seeks to clarify this dispute.
Music in this video was created by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/
Video assets were remixed from http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Video constructed by Gordon McDowell.
Reports cited are...NNL [UK'sNational Nuclear Laboratory] Comparison of Thorium and UraniumFuelCycles: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdfOECDNEA's Introduction of Thorium In The NuclearFuel Cycle: https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7224-thorium.pdf
IEER Thorium Fact Sheet: http://energyfromthorium.com/ieer-rebuttal/ (I will not be linking to IEER. Easy to Google.)
For a multi-hour in-depth look at Thorium, see video "Thorium.": https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM

Thorium.

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
T...

published: 10 Mar 2017

Motherboard TV: The Thorium Dream (Documentary)

Motherboard's 30-minute film on the grassroots movement to make thorium nuclear power a reality. Read more: http://www.motherboard.tv/2011/11/9/motherboard-tv-the-thorium-dream

published: 10 Nov 2011

Thorium 2017

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as pro...

published: 23 Jul 2017

THORIUM DEBUNK

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile, and can fission into energy and fission products.
Claims have been made regarding both thorium's energy potential, and counter claims that it holds no particular advantage over uranium as a nuclear fuel.
This video seeks to clarify this dispute.
Music in this video was created by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/
Video assets were remixed from http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Video constructed by Gordon McDowell.
Reports cited are...NNL [UK'sNational Nuclear Laboratory] Comparison of Thorium and UraniumFuelCycles: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdf
...

published: 28 Mar 2017

Thorium Disadvantages

Uranium-233 is a fissile isotope of uranium that is bred from thorium-232 as part of the thorium fuel cycle. Uranium-233 was investigated for use in nuclear weapons. Uranium-233 is produced by the neutron irradiation of thorium-232. Thorium-232 absorbs a neutron, becomes thorium-233, then quickly decays into protactinium-233. Protactinium-233 has a half-life of 27 days and before decaying into uranium-233.
This protactinium has a large cross-section and can absorb neutrons needed to sustain fission. Because uranium-233 releases so few neutrons in thermal-spectrum, and because 2 neutrons are needed to sustain a chain reaction, existence of protactinium would stop fission.
Protactinium-233 is a challenge unique to thorium reactors.
Low breeding ratio is a challenge unique to breeder react...

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

Inside an interesting eBay fibre optic kit.

I got this 150point fibre (fiber) optic lighting kit from eBay to check out the quality. It seems quite a nice design.

published: 21 Sep 2016

The Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor: What Fusion Wanted To Be

Google Tech TalksNovember 18, 2008
ABSTRACT
Electrical power is, and will increasingly become, the desired form of energy for its convenience, safety, flexibility and applicability. Even future transportation embraces electric cars, trains, and chemical fuel production (jet fuel, hydrogen, etc.) based upon an abundant electrical supply. Although existing energy sources can and should be expanded where practical, no one source has shown to be practical to rapidly fulfill the world's energy requirements effectively. Presently there is an existing source of energy ideally suited to electrical energy production that is not being exploited anywhere in the world today, although its existence and practicality has been know since the earliest days of nuclear science. Thorium is the third s...

published: 20 Nov 2008

Inside a cheap eBay LED power supply. (With arcing flaw.)

This fairly common power supply has a very silly flaw involving the choice of assembly hardware. It also has what I would describe as just-acceptable separation of tracks with no anti-tracking slots.
These power supplies are the type normally seen lying loose in shop windows connected to badly installed LED tape and with their open live terminals perilously close to random metal junk in the vicinity and the aluminium window frame.
The hot diode issue is why I always recommend under-running these power supplies for a much longer lifespan.
If you enjoy these videos you can help support the channel with a dollar for coffee, cookies and random gadgets for disassembly at:-
http://www.bigclive.com/coffee.htm
This also keeps the channel independent of YouTube's advertising algorithms allowing it...

published: 15 Feb 2018

Thorium

Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.
Thorium produces a radioactive gas, radon-220, as one of its decay products. Secondary decay products of thorium include radium and actinium. In nature, virtually all thorium is found as thorium-232, which undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of about 14.05 billion years. Other isotopes of thorium are short-lived intermediates in the decay chains of higher elements, and only found in trace amounts. Thorium is estimated to be about three to four times more abundant than uranium in the Earth's crust, and...

published: 01 Aug 2014

The Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment

This film was produced in 1969 by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the United States Atomic Energy Commission to inform the public regarding the history, technology, and milestones of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE). Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Molten Salt Reactor Experiment was designed to assess the viability of liquid fuel reactor technologies for use in commercial power generation. It operated from January 1965 through December 1969, logging more than 13,000 hours at full power during its four-year run. The MSRE was designated a nuclear historic landmark in 1994.
Thanks toY-12 for the collection, preservation and digitization of this and other historic films.

published: 14 Oct 2016

ThorCon A Thorium Molten Salt Reactor System that can be built Now by Lars Jorgensen @ TEAC7

In the developing world electricity generation is skyrocketing - mostly with coal. ThorCon is a system to build nuclear power plants in volume, at a cost that is competitive with coal.
The entire ThorCon plant including the building is manufactured in blocks on a shipyard-like assembly line. These 150 to 500 ton, fully outfitted, pre-tested blocks are barged to the site. A 1 GWe ThorCon will require less than 200 blocks. Site work is limited to excavation and erecting the blocks. This produces order of magnitude improvements in productivity, quality control, and build time. ThorCon is much more than a power plant; it is a system for building power plants. A single large reactor yard can turn out one hundred 1 GWe ThorCons per year.
http://ThorConPower.com/
Lars Jorgensen presented "Thor...

published: 15 Jul 2015

ReactorCraft Tutorial #27 - Thorium Reactor

Support me on Patreon: http://www.Patreon.com/SentinalhMC
Possibly the most complex thing short of Fusion
In this episode I show you how to craft the new parts you'll need to use along with many previous machines in both ReactorCraft and RotaryCraft to build a Thorium Reactor. I go over how to produce the fuel, feed it into the reactor, get the reactor to produce its hot fluid and process and manage the waste.
NOTE: What I have built in this video is in no way a proper setup
Join our Discord: https://discord.gg/8PK6Ewd
Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/SentinalhMC
Thanks to my Patrons:
Haggle1996, Jason, Waterlubber, Aralia Almendral-Todd, FluffyCloudMusic:
Latin Industries - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
EasyLemon - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Cognitive Dissonance...

Just sharing the video as per cc 3.0Right now, North america is essentially doing dick all in regards to developing thorium reactors. Mean while, China is so absolutely confident with the technology that they have set Thorium reactors as being a high priority project; even recently pushing ahead the project by 15 years.
When China Succeeds, The economies of North America will be completely fucked.
This is something that everyone needs to push for, regardless of if your an environmental nutcase or an average joe who just wants to survive in todays economy.
Subscribe to https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXIdM7ABQ8b9FI495vbsHkA - gordonmcdowell
Original Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9M__yYbsZ4
http://thoriumremix.com/th/ Thorium is readily available & can be turned into energy ...

published: 18 Oct 2014

thorium ep 1

published: 03 Apr 2016

"NASA" - THORIUM REMIX 2016

Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently, requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
If you have ever heard the word THORIUM before now, that is because NASA paid $10,000 to have MSR research documents scanned. NASA needs power for space missions, but current nuclear reactors are ill-suited for off-world application.
This video explore...

Kirk Sorensen's Tech Talk, delivered at Google on July 20, 2009.
Successfully developing a liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) would essentially solve our planets energy problems for thousands of years, because it would allow us to fully utilize the energy in natural thorium, which makes up 0.0012% of the Earths crust. Most of the research and development work for this technology was done by Oak RidgeNational Labs back in the 50s and 60s. They were working to a different set of overall objectives, nevertheless, there are many lessons to be gleaned from their work that can help us to avoid pitfalls and develop LFTR into a high-performance, high-reliability power supply.

Thorium.

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very differ...

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
This video has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create it. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Table of Contents
0:00:00 Space0:17:29 Constraints
0:28:22 Coolants
0:40:15 MSRE
0:48:54 Earth
0:59:46 Thorium
1:22:03 LFTR
1:36:13 Revolution
1:44:58 Forward
1:58:11 ROEI
2:05:41 Beginning
2:08:36 History
2:38:59 Dowtherm
2:47:57 Salt
2:51:44 Pebbles
3:06:07 India
3:18:44 Caldicott
3:35:55 Fission
3:56:22 Spectrum
4:04:25 Chemistry
4:12:51 Turbine
4:22:27 Waste
4:40:15 Decommission
4:54:39 Candlelight
5:13:06 Facts
5:26:08 Future
5:55:39 Pitches
5:56:17 Terrestrial
6:08:33 ThorCon
6:11:45 Flibe
6:20:51 End
6:25:53 Credits
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
This video has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create it. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Table of Contents
0:00:00 Space0:17:29 Constraints
0:28:22 Coolants
0:40:15 MSRE
0:48:54 Earth
0:59:46 Thorium
1:22:03 LFTR
1:36:13 Revolution
1:44:58 Forward
1:58:11 ROEI
2:05:41 Beginning
2:08:36 History
2:38:59 Dowtherm
2:47:57 Salt
2:51:44 Pebbles
3:06:07 India
3:18:44 Caldicott
3:35:55 Fission
3:56:22 Spectrum
4:04:25 Chemistry
4:12:51 Turbine
4:22:27 Waste
4:40:15 Decommission
4:54:39 Candlelight
5:13:06 Facts
5:26:08 Future
5:55:39 Pitches
5:56:17 Terrestrial
6:08:33 ThorCon
6:11:45 Flibe
6:20:51 End
6:25:53 Credits
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw

Thorium 2017

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough ...

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as proposed by Flibe Energy's Kirk Sorensen... a modern redesign of the 2-Fluid, thermal-spectrum, MSBR concept.
http://Flibe-Energy.com/
Since 2011 (the year Flibe Energy was founded), legislators asking questions about Thorium have had their queries answered as if such a reactor design did not exist.
NNL [UK] and OECD [NEA] reports on the Thorium Fuel Cycle did not explore the implications of this reactor, and dismiss thorium based on challenges and mediocre performance found in other reactor designs.
For example, other options include a "Fast-Spectrum Molten-Salt Reactor". Worth pursuing, certainly, but requires more fissile inventory than LFTR... approximately 5x as much. (Fissile inventory is specifically mentioned as a concern by OECD's thorium report.) And assuming the challenges of a fast-spectrum MSR can be met... both natural Uranium and natural Thorium can both be fully consumed as fuel in a fast-spectrum reactor. That is where Thorium is dismissed as only "4x as common as Uranium" (fast-spectrum usage) rather than "400x as common as U-235" (thermal-spectrum usage).
Thorium's advantages: both thermal-spectrum breeding and unique chemical properties, are taken full advantage of only by LFTR style reactors.
When evaluated in any other reactor, depending on that reactor, Uranium can be as attractive, more attractive, or Uranium can be the only viable option.
For example: Shippingport. Cited as an example of a "Thorium Reactor" by Dr. Lyons, it was NEVER intended to be economical, and features no advantages of LFTR. It was a solid-fuel reactor, and so operated at low-temperature, had no on-line chemical reprocessing, used high-pressure water coolant, used fuel as inefficiently as every other solid-fuel reactor, and had to be shut down every time it was refueled. 2 of its 3 fuel loads were Enriched Uranium. It was -a- Reactor capable of consuming Thorium and demonstrated only that it was possible... it was not -THE- Thorium Reactor.
If you'd like to watch a mini-series length (6.5h) documentary on this topic, please check out "Thorium." https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM ...it goes into some technical detail on Thorium and Molten Salt Reactors, as well as nuclear power itself.
This video exists thanks to support pledged via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thorium
Other videos I've edited on Thorium & Molten Salt Reactors can be found here: http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Music (at 28:29) created by Kilowatts: http://kilowattsmusic.com/
00:00 LWR: 0.05% of Uranium's Energy Potential
00:54 LWR: ChemicalInstability
01:38 LWR: High Pressure
02:48 Alvin Weinberg
03:05 HighTemperature not High Pressure
03:40 MSRE Achievement
03:51 Graphite
04:08 MoveHeatNo Pressure
04:45 Salt: IonicBonds
05:33 Fluoride vs Fluorine
06:16 Cesium & Iodine
06:33 DrainTank
07:53 Disperse Heat
08:36 Solid Fuel: Candles
09:24 Online Chemical Reprocessing
10:15 Legislators ask about Thorium
10:46 OECD NEA Thorium Report
11:23 Fast-Spectrum Dodge
12:08 Spent Fuel
12:34 Efficient
13:49 Concentrated
14:10 Rare Earth Elements
15:41 China'sAcademy of Science
16:34 CO2Raw Material
17:07 Recycling
18:05 Sorting
18:52 NASA, Recycling & Energy
20:57 Molten Salt Research Halted
21:28 World Set Free
21:55 Documents
22:28 CD-ROMs and Internet
23:15 Obama Administration
24:33 Regulations vs Liquid Fuel
25:12 Stymied in USA
26:08 Flibe Energy
26:41 MSRE Researchers
27:14 Export of MSR Expertise
27:41 China vs Global Warming
28:29 1969-2017 Timeline
33:08 Thousands of years of Slavery
33:32 Energy Density of Thorium
Other Video Sources
02:46 https://youtu.be/EviEN0ScOwg Pandora's Box
03:08 https://youtu.be/ofs6-K7UCSU Weinberg 2011
03:41 https://youtu.be/pGzKuhY50v4 Weinberg 2004
03:41 https://youtu.be/tyDbq5HRs0o Found MSRE Doc
05:34 https://youtu.be/vtWp45Eewtw Fluorine (PToV)
05:54 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoK41_2JS4E_ZZyJSH7g-AhiiwMoCoFCB (MSBR3.0-ORNL-4528)
30:51 http://www.citizen-films.fr/en/thorium/ (T:TFSoN)

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as proposed by Flibe Energy's Kirk Sorensen... a modern redesign of the 2-Fluid, thermal-spectrum, MSBR concept.
http://Flibe-Energy.com/
Since 2011 (the year Flibe Energy was founded), legislators asking questions about Thorium have had their queries answered as if such a reactor design did not exist.
NNL [UK] and OECD [NEA] reports on the Thorium Fuel Cycle did not explore the implications of this reactor, and dismiss thorium based on challenges and mediocre performance found in other reactor designs.
For example, other options include a "Fast-Spectrum Molten-Salt Reactor". Worth pursuing, certainly, but requires more fissile inventory than LFTR... approximately 5x as much. (Fissile inventory is specifically mentioned as a concern by OECD's thorium report.) And assuming the challenges of a fast-spectrum MSR can be met... both natural Uranium and natural Thorium can both be fully consumed as fuel in a fast-spectrum reactor. That is where Thorium is dismissed as only "4x as common as Uranium" (fast-spectrum usage) rather than "400x as common as U-235" (thermal-spectrum usage).
Thorium's advantages: both thermal-spectrum breeding and unique chemical properties, are taken full advantage of only by LFTR style reactors.
When evaluated in any other reactor, depending on that reactor, Uranium can be as attractive, more attractive, or Uranium can be the only viable option.
For example: Shippingport. Cited as an example of a "Thorium Reactor" by Dr. Lyons, it was NEVER intended to be economical, and features no advantages of LFTR. It was a solid-fuel reactor, and so operated at low-temperature, had no on-line chemical reprocessing, used high-pressure water coolant, used fuel as inefficiently as every other solid-fuel reactor, and had to be shut down every time it was refueled. 2 of its 3 fuel loads were Enriched Uranium. It was -a- Reactor capable of consuming Thorium and demonstrated only that it was possible... it was not -THE- Thorium Reactor.
If you'd like to watch a mini-series length (6.5h) documentary on this topic, please check out "Thorium." https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM ...it goes into some technical detail on Thorium and Molten Salt Reactors, as well as nuclear power itself.
This video exists thanks to support pledged via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thorium
Other videos I've edited on Thorium & Molten Salt Reactors can be found here: http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Music (at 28:29) created by Kilowatts: http://kilowattsmusic.com/
00:00 LWR: 0.05% of Uranium's Energy Potential
00:54 LWR: ChemicalInstability
01:38 LWR: High Pressure
02:48 Alvin Weinberg
03:05 HighTemperature not High Pressure
03:40 MSRE Achievement
03:51 Graphite
04:08 MoveHeatNo Pressure
04:45 Salt: IonicBonds
05:33 Fluoride vs Fluorine
06:16 Cesium & Iodine
06:33 DrainTank
07:53 Disperse Heat
08:36 Solid Fuel: Candles
09:24 Online Chemical Reprocessing
10:15 Legislators ask about Thorium
10:46 OECD NEA Thorium Report
11:23 Fast-Spectrum Dodge
12:08 Spent Fuel
12:34 Efficient
13:49 Concentrated
14:10 Rare Earth Elements
15:41 China'sAcademy of Science
16:34 CO2Raw Material
17:07 Recycling
18:05 Sorting
18:52 NASA, Recycling & Energy
20:57 Molten Salt Research Halted
21:28 World Set Free
21:55 Documents
22:28 CD-ROMs and Internet
23:15 Obama Administration
24:33 Regulations vs Liquid Fuel
25:12 Stymied in USA
26:08 Flibe Energy
26:41 MSRE Researchers
27:14 Export of MSR Expertise
27:41 China vs Global Warming
28:29 1969-2017 Timeline
33:08 Thousands of years of Slavery
33:32 Energy Density of Thorium
Other Video Sources
02:46 https://youtu.be/EviEN0ScOwg Pandora's Box
03:08 https://youtu.be/ofs6-K7UCSU Weinberg 2011
03:41 https://youtu.be/pGzKuhY50v4 Weinberg 2004
03:41 https://youtu.be/tyDbq5HRs0o Found MSRE Doc
05:34 https://youtu.be/vtWp45Eewtw Fluorine (PToV)
05:54 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoK41_2JS4E_ZZyJSH7g-AhiiwMoCoFCB (MSBR3.0-ORNL-4528)
30:51 http://www.citizen-films.fr/en/thorium/ (T:TFSoN)

THORIUM DEBUNK

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile,...

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile, and can fission into energy and fission products.
Claims have been made regarding both thorium's energy potential, and counter claims that it holds no particular advantage over uranium as a nuclear fuel.
This video seeks to clarify this dispute.
Music in this video was created by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/
Video assets were remixed from http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Video constructed by Gordon McDowell.
Reports cited are...NNL [UK'sNational Nuclear Laboratory] Comparison of Thorium and UraniumFuelCycles: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdfOECDNEA's Introduction of Thorium In The NuclearFuel Cycle: https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7224-thorium.pdf
IEER Thorium Fact Sheet: http://energyfromthorium.com/ieer-rebuttal/ (I will not be linking to IEER. Easy to Google.)
For a multi-hour in-depth look at Thorium, see video "Thorium.": https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile, and can fission into energy and fission products.
Claims have been made regarding both thorium's energy potential, and counter claims that it holds no particular advantage over uranium as a nuclear fuel.
This video seeks to clarify this dispute.
Music in this video was created by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/
Video assets were remixed from http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Video constructed by Gordon McDowell.
Reports cited are...NNL [UK'sNational Nuclear Laboratory] Comparison of Thorium and UraniumFuelCycles: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdfOECDNEA's Introduction of Thorium In The NuclearFuel Cycle: https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7224-thorium.pdf
IEER Thorium Fact Sheet: http://energyfromthorium.com/ieer-rebuttal/ (I will not be linking to IEER. Easy to Google.)
For a multi-hour in-depth look at Thorium, see video "Thorium.": https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM

Thorium Disadvantages

Uranium-233 is a fissile isotope of uranium that is bred from thorium-232 as part of the thorium fuel cycle. Uranium-233 was investigated for use in nuclear wea...

Uranium-233 is a fissile isotope of uranium that is bred from thorium-232 as part of the thorium fuel cycle. Uranium-233 was investigated for use in nuclear weapons. Uranium-233 is produced by the neutron irradiation of thorium-232. Thorium-232 absorbs a neutron, becomes thorium-233, then quickly decays into protactinium-233. Protactinium-233 has a half-life of 27 days and before decaying into uranium-233.
This protactinium has a large cross-section and can absorb neutrons needed to sustain fission. Because uranium-233 releases so few neutrons in thermal-spectrum, and because 2 neutrons are needed to sustain a chain reaction, existence of protactinium would stop fission.
Protactinium-233 is a challenge unique to thorium reactors.
Low breeding ratio is a challenge unique to breeder reactors fueled by thorium, which operate in thermal-spectrum.
The 5,000 tpy figure of Thorium assumes a 50,000 tpy Rare Earths facility that primarily utilizes monazite as its feed-stock.
Thorium is a companion element to Monazite. Monazite runs at +50% REE and about 7% Th. So if you processed 50,000 tons of monazite you would get about 3,500 tpy of Th. However, monazite would not be the only feed-stock. You would use many other mineralizations. like apatite running at 3% REE and .002% Th (but with lots of heavy REE). So it would be a mix and tend toward the 5,000 tpy range.

Uranium-233 is a fissile isotope of uranium that is bred from thorium-232 as part of the thorium fuel cycle. Uranium-233 was investigated for use in nuclear weapons. Uranium-233 is produced by the neutron irradiation of thorium-232. Thorium-232 absorbs a neutron, becomes thorium-233, then quickly decays into protactinium-233. Protactinium-233 has a half-life of 27 days and before decaying into uranium-233.
This protactinium has a large cross-section and can absorb neutrons needed to sustain fission. Because uranium-233 releases so few neutrons in thermal-spectrum, and because 2 neutrons are needed to sustain a chain reaction, existence of protactinium would stop fission.
Protactinium-233 is a challenge unique to thorium reactors.
Low breeding ratio is a challenge unique to breeder reactors fueled by thorium, which operate in thermal-spectrum.
The 5,000 tpy figure of Thorium assumes a 50,000 tpy Rare Earths facility that primarily utilizes monazite as its feed-stock.
Thorium is a companion element to Monazite. Monazite runs at +50% REE and about 7% Th. So if you processed 50,000 tons of monazite you would get about 3,500 tpy of Th. However, monazite would not be the only feed-stock. You would use many other mineralizations. like apatite running at 3% REE and .002% Th (but with lots of heavy REE). So it would be a mix and tend toward the 5,000 tpy range.

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compare...

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

Thorium, Rare Earth Elements [REE] and Molten Salt Reactors [MSR] covered in brand-new book by Victoria Bruce! https://www.amazon.com/Sellout-Washington-Americas-Technological-Fight-ebook/dp/B06WVPDF5N/
John Kutsch of Thorium Energy Alliance and Jim Kennedyof ThREE Consulting review the hazards maintaining U.S. current thorium policy. HeavyRare Earth Element mining is impeded. Energy sector innovation is stifled. Thorium is less dangerous, less radioactive, and less easily metabolized than many elements we are exposed to on a daily basis.
Current regulation assists China's capture of high-tech manufacturing sector. Current regulation protects incumbent U.S. [light] rare earth producers who DISPOSE of thorium and valuable heavy rare earths in tailing ponds. Current regulation does NOT facilitate growth of U.S. economy.
Lawmakers on both sides of the aisle recognize reform is needed. No one is willing to introduce legislation to address the thorium problem. China continues to capture high-tech manufacturing jobs. U.S. private corporations are unable to pursue thorium an an energy resource.
THE THORIUM PROBLEM was delivered at SME - Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration on Feb 20th2012 [2012-02-20] in Seattle.

Thorium, Rare Earth Elements [REE] and Molten Salt Reactors [MSR] covered in brand-new book by Victoria Bruce! https://www.amazon.com/Sellout-Washington-Americas-Technological-Fight-ebook/dp/B06WVPDF5N/
John Kutsch of Thorium Energy Alliance and Jim Kennedyof ThREE Consulting review the hazards maintaining U.S. current thorium policy. HeavyRare Earth Element mining is impeded. Energy sector innovation is stifled. Thorium is less dangerous, less radioactive, and less easily metabolized than many elements we are exposed to on a daily basis.
Current regulation assists China's capture of high-tech manufacturing sector. Current regulation protects incumbent U.S. [light] rare earth producers who DISPOSE of thorium and valuable heavy rare earths in tailing ponds. Current regulation does NOT facilitate growth of U.S. economy.
Lawmakers on both sides of the aisle recognize reform is needed. No one is willing to introduce legislation to address the thorium problem. China continues to capture high-tech manufacturing jobs. U.S. private corporations are unable to pursue thorium an an energy resource.
THE THORIUM PROBLEM was delivered at SME - Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration on Feb 20th2012 [2012-02-20] in Seattle.

Google Tech TalksNovember 18, 2008
ABSTRACT
Electrical power is, and will increasingly become, the desired form of energy for its convenience, safety, flexibility and applicability. Even future transportation embraces electric cars, trains, and chemical fuel production (jet fuel, hydrogen, etc.) based upon an abundant electrical supply. Although existing energy sources can and should be expanded where practical, no one source has shown to be practical to rapidly fulfill the world's energy requirements effectively. Presently there is an existing source of energy ideally suited to electrical energy production that is not being exploited anywhere in the world today, although its existence and practicality has been know since the earliest days of nuclear science. Thorium is the third source of fission energy and the LFTR is the idealized mechanism to turn this resource into electrical energy. Enough safe, clean energy, globally sustainable for 1000's of years at US standards.
This talk is aimed at explaining this thorium energy resource from fundamental physics to today's practical applications. The presentation is sufficient for the non-scientist to grasp the whole subject, but will be intriguing to even classically trained nuclear engineers. By providing the historical context in which the technology was discovered and later developed into a power reactor, the story of thorium's disappearance as an energy source is revealed. But times have changed, and today, thorium energy can be safely exploited in a completely new form of nuclear reactor.
The LFTR is unique, having a hot liquid core thus eliminating fuel fabrication costs and the need for a large reactor. It cannot have a nuclear meltdown and is so safe that typical control rods are not required at all. This design topples all the conventional arguments against conventional energy sources in such areas as:
* WasteProduction
* Safety
* Proliferation
* CapitalCosts and Location
* Environmental Impact
* SocialAcceptance
* Flexibility
* Grid Infrastructure
* Efficiency
Should America take this step toward a New Era in Nuclear Energy Production? Hear the case for "The ElectricityRock" and then decide.
Speaker: Dr. Joe Bonometti
Dr. Bonometti has extensive engineering experience in the government, within industry, and in academia over a 25-year career. Recently completing an assignment as the NASAChairProfessor at the Naval Post graduateSchool, he supported a ship design study that utilized advanced nuclear power derived from thorium. Working at NASA for ten years as a technology manager, lead systems engineer, nuclear specialist, and propulsion researcher, he lead several NASA tiger teams in evaluating the NuclearSystem Initiatives fission demonstration vehicle and missions. He managed the Emerging Propulsion TechnologyArea for in-space systems, the MarshallAir Launch team, as well as a variety of other power and propulsion assignments and is now the LeadSystems Engineer for the Ares I-Y flight. After earning a Doctorate degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Alabama in Huntsville, he spent several years as a Research Scientist & SeniorResearchEngineer at the UAH Propulsion Research Center where he served as a Principal Investigator and manager for the Solar Thermal Laboratory. He has worked as a Senior MechanicalDesigner at Pratt & Whitney supporting aircraft engine manufacturing and at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory within the laser fusion program. A graduate from the United States Military Academy, at West Point, where he studied nuclear physics and engineering, Dr. Bonometti served as an officer in the United States Army Corps of Engineers; both in combat and district engineering management assignments. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia, and has authored numerous aerospace technical publications, particularly propulsion and space systems technologies. His technical expertise includes nuclear engineering, specialized mechanical & materials research, space plasmas & propulsion, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and space systems engineering.
This Google Tech Talk was hosted by Boris Debic.

Google Tech TalksNovember 18, 2008
ABSTRACT
Electrical power is, and will increasingly become, the desired form of energy for its convenience, safety, flexibility and applicability. Even future transportation embraces electric cars, trains, and chemical fuel production (jet fuel, hydrogen, etc.) based upon an abundant electrical supply. Although existing energy sources can and should be expanded where practical, no one source has shown to be practical to rapidly fulfill the world's energy requirements effectively. Presently there is an existing source of energy ideally suited to electrical energy production that is not being exploited anywhere in the world today, although its existence and practicality has been know since the earliest days of nuclear science. Thorium is the third source of fission energy and the LFTR is the idealized mechanism to turn this resource into electrical energy. Enough safe, clean energy, globally sustainable for 1000's of years at US standards.
This talk is aimed at explaining this thorium energy resource from fundamental physics to today's practical applications. The presentation is sufficient for the non-scientist to grasp the whole subject, but will be intriguing to even classically trained nuclear engineers. By providing the historical context in which the technology was discovered and later developed into a power reactor, the story of thorium's disappearance as an energy source is revealed. But times have changed, and today, thorium energy can be safely exploited in a completely new form of nuclear reactor.
The LFTR is unique, having a hot liquid core thus eliminating fuel fabrication costs and the need for a large reactor. It cannot have a nuclear meltdown and is so safe that typical control rods are not required at all. This design topples all the conventional arguments against conventional energy sources in such areas as:
* WasteProduction
* Safety
* Proliferation
* CapitalCosts and Location
* Environmental Impact
* SocialAcceptance
* Flexibility
* Grid Infrastructure
* Efficiency
Should America take this step toward a New Era in Nuclear Energy Production? Hear the case for "The ElectricityRock" and then decide.
Speaker: Dr. Joe Bonometti
Dr. Bonometti has extensive engineering experience in the government, within industry, and in academia over a 25-year career. Recently completing an assignment as the NASAChairProfessor at the Naval Post graduateSchool, he supported a ship design study that utilized advanced nuclear power derived from thorium. Working at NASA for ten years as a technology manager, lead systems engineer, nuclear specialist, and propulsion researcher, he lead several NASA tiger teams in evaluating the NuclearSystem Initiatives fission demonstration vehicle and missions. He managed the Emerging Propulsion TechnologyArea for in-space systems, the MarshallAir Launch team, as well as a variety of other power and propulsion assignments and is now the LeadSystems Engineer for the Ares I-Y flight. After earning a Doctorate degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Alabama in Huntsville, he spent several years as a Research Scientist & SeniorResearchEngineer at the UAH Propulsion Research Center where he served as a Principal Investigator and manager for the Solar Thermal Laboratory. He has worked as a Senior MechanicalDesigner at Pratt & Whitney supporting aircraft engine manufacturing and at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory within the laser fusion program. A graduate from the United States Military Academy, at West Point, where he studied nuclear physics and engineering, Dr. Bonometti served as an officer in the United States Army Corps of Engineers; both in combat and district engineering management assignments. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia, and has authored numerous aerospace technical publications, particularly propulsion and space systems technologies. His technical expertise includes nuclear engineering, specialized mechanical & materials research, space plasmas & propulsion, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and space systems engineering.
This Google Tech Talk was hosted by Boris Debic.

Inside a cheap eBay LED power supply. (With arcing flaw.)

This fairly common power supply has a very silly flaw involving the choice of assembly hardware. It also has what I would describe as just-acceptable separatio...

This fairly common power supply has a very silly flaw involving the choice of assembly hardware. It also has what I would describe as just-acceptable separation of tracks with no anti-tracking slots.
These power supplies are the type normally seen lying loose in shop windows connected to badly installed LED tape and with their open live terminals perilously close to random metal junk in the vicinity and the aluminium window frame.
The hot diode issue is why I always recommend under-running these power supplies for a much longer lifespan.
If you enjoy these videos you can help support the channel with a dollar for coffee, cookies and random gadgets for disassembly at:-
http://www.bigclive.com/coffee.htm
This also keeps the channel independent of YouTube's advertising algorithms allowing it to be a bit more dangerous and naughty.

This fairly common power supply has a very silly flaw involving the choice of assembly hardware. It also has what I would describe as just-acceptable separation of tracks with no anti-tracking slots.
These power supplies are the type normally seen lying loose in shop windows connected to badly installed LED tape and with their open live terminals perilously close to random metal junk in the vicinity and the aluminium window frame.
The hot diode issue is why I always recommend under-running these power supplies for a much longer lifespan.
If you enjoy these videos you can help support the channel with a dollar for coffee, cookies and random gadgets for disassembly at:-
http://www.bigclive.com/coffee.htm
This also keeps the channel independent of YouTube's advertising algorithms allowing it to be a bit more dangerous and naughty.

Thorium

Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian mineralogist M...

Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.
Thorium produces a radioactive gas, radon-220, as one of its decay products. Secondary decay products of thorium include radium and actinium. In nature, virtually all thorium is found as thorium-232, which undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of about 14.05 billion years. Other isotopes of thorium are short-lived intermediates in the decay chains of higher elements, and only found in trace amounts. Thorium is estimated to be about three to four times more abundant than uranium in the Earth's crust, and is chiefly refined from monazite sands as a by-product of extracting rare earth metals.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SACreative Commons image source in video

Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.
Thorium produces a radioactive gas, radon-220, as one of its decay products. Secondary decay products of thorium include radium and actinium. In nature, virtually all thorium is found as thorium-232, which undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of about 14.05 billion years. Other isotopes of thorium are short-lived intermediates in the decay chains of higher elements, and only found in trace amounts. Thorium is estimated to be about three to four times more abundant than uranium in the Earth's crust, and is chiefly refined from monazite sands as a by-product of extracting rare earth metals.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SACreative Commons image source in video

This film was produced in 1969 by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the United States Atomic Energy Commission to inform the public regarding the history, technology, and milestones of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE). Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Molten Salt Reactor Experiment was designed to assess the viability of liquid fuel reactor technologies for use in commercial power generation. It operated from January 1965 through December 1969, logging more than 13,000 hours at full power during its four-year run. The MSRE was designated a nuclear historic landmark in 1994.
Thanks toY-12 for the collection, preservation and digitization of this and other historic films.

This film was produced in 1969 by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the United States Atomic Energy Commission to inform the public regarding the history, technology, and milestones of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE). Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Molten Salt Reactor Experiment was designed to assess the viability of liquid fuel reactor technologies for use in commercial power generation. It operated from January 1965 through December 1969, logging more than 13,000 hours at full power during its four-year run. The MSRE was designated a nuclear historic landmark in 1994.
Thanks toY-12 for the collection, preservation and digitization of this and other historic films.

ThorCon A Thorium Molten Salt Reactor System that can be built Now by Lars Jorgensen @ TEAC7

In the developing world electricity generation is skyrocketing - mostly with coal. ThorCon is a system to build nuclear power plants in volume, at a cost that i...

In the developing world electricity generation is skyrocketing - mostly with coal. ThorCon is a system to build nuclear power plants in volume, at a cost that is competitive with coal.
The entire ThorCon plant including the building is manufactured in blocks on a shipyard-like assembly line. These 150 to 500 ton, fully outfitted, pre-tested blocks are barged to the site. A 1 GWe ThorCon will require less than 200 blocks. Site work is limited to excavation and erecting the blocks. This produces order of magnitude improvements in productivity, quality control, and build time. ThorCon is much more than a power plant; it is a system for building power plants. A single large reactor yard can turn out one hundred 1 GWe ThorCons per year.
http://ThorConPower.com/
Lars Jorgensen presented "ThorCon" at TEAC7 (Thorium Energy AllianceConference #7), held in 2015Palo Alto.
http://ThoriumEnergyAlliance.com/

In the developing world electricity generation is skyrocketing - mostly with coal. ThorCon is a system to build nuclear power plants in volume, at a cost that is competitive with coal.
The entire ThorCon plant including the building is manufactured in blocks on a shipyard-like assembly line. These 150 to 500 ton, fully outfitted, pre-tested blocks are barged to the site. A 1 GWe ThorCon will require less than 200 blocks. Site work is limited to excavation and erecting the blocks. This produces order of magnitude improvements in productivity, quality control, and build time. ThorCon is much more than a power plant; it is a system for building power plants. A single large reactor yard can turn out one hundred 1 GWe ThorCons per year.
http://ThorConPower.com/
Lars Jorgensen presented "ThorCon" at TEAC7 (Thorium Energy AllianceConference #7), held in 2015Palo Alto.
http://ThoriumEnergyAlliance.com/

ReactorCraft Tutorial #27 - Thorium Reactor

Support me on Patreon: http://www.Patreon.com/SentinalhMC
Possibly the most complex thing short of Fusion
In this episode I show you how to craft the new parts...

Support me on Patreon: http://www.Patreon.com/SentinalhMC
Possibly the most complex thing short of Fusion
In this episode I show you how to craft the new parts you'll need to use along with many previous machines in both ReactorCraft and RotaryCraft to build a Thorium Reactor. I go over how to produce the fuel, feed it into the reactor, get the reactor to produce its hot fluid and process and manage the waste.
NOTE: What I have built in this video is in no way a proper setup
Join our Discord: https://discord.gg/8PK6Ewd
Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/SentinalhMC
Thanks to my Patrons:
Haggle1996, Jason, Waterlubber, Aralia Almendral-Todd, FluffyCloudMusic:
Latin Industries - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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Cognitive Dissonance - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b...

Support me on Patreon: http://www.Patreon.com/SentinalhMC
Possibly the most complex thing short of Fusion
In this episode I show you how to craft the new parts you'll need to use along with many previous machines in both ReactorCraft and RotaryCraft to build a Thorium Reactor. I go over how to produce the fuel, feed it into the reactor, get the reactor to produce its hot fluid and process and manage the waste.
NOTE: What I have built in this video is in no way a proper setup
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Thanks to my Patrons:
Haggle1996, Jason, Waterlubber, Aralia Almendral-Todd, FluffyCloudMusic:
Latin Industries - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
EasyLemon - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Cognitive Dissonance - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b...

Just sharing the video as per cc 3.0Right now, North america is essentially doing dick all in regards to developing thorium reactors. Mean while, China is so absolutely confident with the technology that they have set Thorium reactors as being a high priority project; even recently pushing ahead the project by 15 years.
When China Succeeds, The economies of North America will be completely fucked.
This is something that everyone needs to push for, regardless of if your an environmental nutcase or an average joe who just wants to survive in todays economy.
Subscribe to https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXIdM7ABQ8b9FI495vbsHkA - gordonmcdowell
Original Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9M__yYbsZ4
http://thoriumremix.com/th/ Thorium is readily available & can be turned into energy without generating transuranic wastes. Thorium's capacity as nuclear fuel was discovered during WW II, but ignored because it was unsuitable for making bombs. A liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) is the optimal approach for harvesting energy from Thorium, and has the potential to solve today's energy/climate crisis. LFTR is a type of Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (Th-MSR). This video summarizes over 6 hours worth of thorium talks given by Kirk Sorensen and other thorium technologists.
THORIUM REMIX2011 starts with a 5 minute TL;WL summary, to hold you over until you find your Ritalin. YouTube Closed Captioning is available in English, and many other languages.
To learn more about the Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor visit: http://energyfromthorium.com/
See http://THORIUMREMIX.com/ for full list of multimedia source material.
KeyYouTube video components:
Q: What is thorium and what makes it special?
A: Thorium is a naturally-occuring mineral that holds large amounts of releasable nuclear energy, similar to uranium. This nuclear energy can be released in a special nuclear reactor designed to use thorium. Thorium is special because it is easier to extract this energy completely than uranium due to some of the chemical and nuclear properties of thorium.
Q: What is a liquid-fluoride reactor?
A: A liquid-fluoride nuclear reactor is different than conventional nuclear reactors that use solid fuel elements. A liquid-fluoride reactor uses a solution of several fluoride salts, typically lithium fluoride, beryllium fluoride, and uranium tetrafluoride, as its basic nuclear fuel. The fluoride salts have a number of advantages over solid fuels. They are impervious to radiation damage, they can be chemically processed in the form that they are in, and they have a high capacity to hold thermal energy (heat). Additional nuclear fuel can be added or withdrawn from the salt solution during normal operation.
Q: Are the salts safe?
A: Very safe. Unlike other coolants considered for high-performance reactors (like liquid sodium) the salts will not react dangerously with air or water. This is because they are already in their most stable chemical form. Their properties do not change even under intense radiation, unlike all solid forms of nuclear fuel.
Q: What is nuclear waste and how does a liquid-fluoride reactor address this issue?
A: So-called "nuclear waste" or spent-nuclear fuel is produced in conventional (solid-core) nuclear reactors because they are unable to extract all of the nuclear energy from their fuel before they have to shutdown. LFTR addresses this issue by using a form of nuclear fuel (liquid-fluoride salts of thorium) that allow complete extraction of nuclear energy from the fuel.
"FluidFuel Reactors", James A. Lane, U.S.Atomic Energy Commission, 1958. ---
--- http://vpn.hotnoob.com

Just sharing the video as per cc 3.0Right now, North america is essentially doing dick all in regards to developing thorium reactors. Mean while, China is so absolutely confident with the technology that they have set Thorium reactors as being a high priority project; even recently pushing ahead the project by 15 years.
When China Succeeds, The economies of North America will be completely fucked.
This is something that everyone needs to push for, regardless of if your an environmental nutcase or an average joe who just wants to survive in todays economy.
Subscribe to https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXIdM7ABQ8b9FI495vbsHkA - gordonmcdowell
Original Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9M__yYbsZ4
http://thoriumremix.com/th/ Thorium is readily available & can be turned into energy without generating transuranic wastes. Thorium's capacity as nuclear fuel was discovered during WW II, but ignored because it was unsuitable for making bombs. A liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) is the optimal approach for harvesting energy from Thorium, and has the potential to solve today's energy/climate crisis. LFTR is a type of Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (Th-MSR). This video summarizes over 6 hours worth of thorium talks given by Kirk Sorensen and other thorium technologists.
THORIUM REMIX2011 starts with a 5 minute TL;WL summary, to hold you over until you find your Ritalin. YouTube Closed Captioning is available in English, and many other languages.
To learn more about the Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor visit: http://energyfromthorium.com/
See http://THORIUMREMIX.com/ for full list of multimedia source material.
KeyYouTube video components:
Q: What is thorium and what makes it special?
A: Thorium is a naturally-occuring mineral that holds large amounts of releasable nuclear energy, similar to uranium. This nuclear energy can be released in a special nuclear reactor designed to use thorium. Thorium is special because it is easier to extract this energy completely than uranium due to some of the chemical and nuclear properties of thorium.
Q: What is a liquid-fluoride reactor?
A: A liquid-fluoride nuclear reactor is different than conventional nuclear reactors that use solid fuel elements. A liquid-fluoride reactor uses a solution of several fluoride salts, typically lithium fluoride, beryllium fluoride, and uranium tetrafluoride, as its basic nuclear fuel. The fluoride salts have a number of advantages over solid fuels. They are impervious to radiation damage, they can be chemically processed in the form that they are in, and they have a high capacity to hold thermal energy (heat). Additional nuclear fuel can be added or withdrawn from the salt solution during normal operation.
Q: Are the salts safe?
A: Very safe. Unlike other coolants considered for high-performance reactors (like liquid sodium) the salts will not react dangerously with air or water. This is because they are already in their most stable chemical form. Their properties do not change even under intense radiation, unlike all solid forms of nuclear fuel.
Q: What is nuclear waste and how does a liquid-fluoride reactor address this issue?
A: So-called "nuclear waste" or spent-nuclear fuel is produced in conventional (solid-core) nuclear reactors because they are unable to extract all of the nuclear energy from their fuel before they have to shutdown. LFTR addresses this issue by using a form of nuclear fuel (liquid-fluoride salts of thorium) that allow complete extraction of nuclear energy from the fuel.
"FluidFuel Reactors", James A. Lane, U.S.Atomic Energy Commission, 1958. ---
--- http://vpn.hotnoob.com

"NASA" - THORIUM REMIX 2016

Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently, requires a very different nuclear reactor than...

Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently, requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
If you have ever heard the word THORIUM before now, that is because NASA paid $10,000 to have MSR research documents scanned. NASA needs power for space missions, but current nuclear reactors are ill-suited for off-world application.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
THORIUM REMIX 2016 has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create this video. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Stephen Colbert - https://youtu.be/6jXazEYi3P8
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw
...to see when & where ALL remix components have been used, watch this video using a computer and enable "YouTube Annotations". Citations will appear on-screen during playback.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium

Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently, requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
If you have ever heard the word THORIUM before now, that is because NASA paid $10,000 to have MSR research documents scanned. NASA needs power for space missions, but current nuclear reactors are ill-suited for off-world application.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
THORIUM REMIX 2016 has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create this video. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Stephen Colbert - https://youtu.be/6jXazEYi3P8
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw
...to see when & where ALL remix components have been used, watch this video using a computer and enable "YouTube Annotations". Citations will appear on-screen during playback.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium

Kirk Sorensen's Tech Talk, delivered at Google on July 20, 2009.
Successfully developing a liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) would essentially solve our planets energy problems for thousands of years, because it would allow us to fully utilize the energy in natural thorium, which makes up 0.0012% of the Earths crust. Most of the research and development work for this technology was done by Oak RidgeNational Labs back in the 50s and 60s. They were working to a different set of overall objectives, nevertheless, there are many lessons to be gleaned from their work that can help us to avoid pitfalls and develop LFTR into a high-performance, high-reliability power supply.

Kirk Sorensen's Tech Talk, delivered at Google on July 20, 2009.
Successfully developing a liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) would essentially solve our planets energy problems for thousands of years, because it would allow us to fully utilize the energy in natural thorium, which makes up 0.0012% of the Earths crust. Most of the research and development work for this technology was done by Oak RidgeNational Labs back in the 50s and 60s. They were working to a different set of overall objectives, nevertheless, there are many lessons to be gleaned from their work that can help us to avoid pitfalls and develop LFTR into a high-performance, high-reliability power supply.

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

3:18

How to Make A Fusion Reactor

**Note: There is some dispute about my measurement of the neutrons. My supply blew out aft...

How to Make A Fusion Reactor

**Note: There is some dispute about my measurement of the neutrons. My supply blew out after one solid run. I will get this thing running again and take some better measurements at some point. I did not want to pull the video as the rest of the stuff is fine and accurate.
I built a small working nuclear reactor, its pretty pointless but really cool. They can be made really easily with some wire and a jar but building a stainless chamber was pretty fun. And a lot safer too because this thing throws out a ton of radiation. This sort of reactor is called a Farnsworth-Hirsch fusor.
It works by inertial electrostatic confinement which is a stupid way to say pulling and colliding particles together with electric charge. It does it with enough power to fuse deuterium nuclei together.
This is a terrible way to carry out fusion reactions as it takes WAY more energy than you put into it. But nonetheless it is actual atomic fusion and you get some pretty high energy neutrons (like 2Mev). You can either detect these directly with a tube, dosimeter, crazy stuff or silver activation. The silver transmutes into silver 109 or 111 which then decays into cadmium and releases alpha particles with a half life of ~22 seconds. The reaction also makes tritium, helium 3, 4 and x-rays.
They are cool but not all that useful unless you have a project that you need tons of neutrons for...
Prices and parts:
Chamber (could be simple bell jar) $50-$400
High voltageSupply, 35kv Negative polarity ~10 mA $100Vacuum pumps $150
Deuterium, hard to get but not that hard $100-$300
Solvents, valves, wires, wood, needle valve(.02), lead, whatever $200
I got it all from ebay, mcmaster and kurt j lesker.
I did bake the chamber a bit, it gets down to 20 mTorr now with just the mechanical pump because I just leave it under vacuum and everything has outgassed over a few weeks.
This thing spews out tons of bad stuff, and the high voltage might be able to kill you too. I'd be more worried about high energy neutrons though. Not to mention all the x-rays or uv rays plasma puts out. It'll kill ya if your stupid with it
Consider supporting me and my projects on patreon! https://www.patreon.com/Bennbuilds

Thorium.

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
This video has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create it. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Table of Contents
0:00:00 Space0:17:29 Constraints
0:28:22 Coolants
0:40:15 MSRE
0:48:54 Earth
0:59:46 Thorium
1:22:03 LFTR
1:36:13 Revolution
1:44:58 Forward
1:58:11 ROEI
2:05:41 Beginning
2:08:36 History
2:38:59 Dowtherm
2:47:57 Salt
2:51:44 Pebbles
3:06:07 India
3:18:44 Caldicott
3:35:55 Fission
3:56:22 Spectrum
4:04:25 Chemistry
4:12:51 Turbine
4:22:27 Waste
4:40:15 Decommission
4:54:39 Candlelight
5:13:06 Facts
5:26:08 Future
5:55:39 Pitches
5:56:17 Terrestrial
6:08:33 ThorCon
6:11:45 Flibe
6:20:51 End
6:25:53 Credits
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw

0:45

Thorium Coated Mantle Pile Test

My quartex counter takes a reading of a small pile of some of my mantles. As you can see, ...

Thorium Coated Mantle Pile Test

My quartex counter takes a reading of a small pile of some of my mantles. As you can see, the results were surprising. According to the counter manual, it displays measurements in mR/h. If this is so, this pile is VERY hot.

Jether Blaise brings you news and updates about growing interest in commercializing thorium based nuclear power in Indonesia and Utah, and also looks at the phase out of nuclear power in South Korea and Germany. Please be sure to leave a comment, like, and subscribe!
Links to relevant news articles are below:
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=IDN
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/05/indonesia-continues-preliminary-work-towards-thorcon-thorium-molten-salt-reactors.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_South_Korea#Nuclear
https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=KORhttp://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2017/08/14/could-utah-be-epicenter-of-thorium-based-nuclear-energybr/
http://www.nature.com/news/reactor-shutdown-threatens-world-s-medical-isotope-supply-1.20577
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/serious-shortage-of-medical-isotopes-predicted-by-years-end/1017437.article
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/07/business/energy-environment/german-renewable-energy.html?smid=tw-share

Thorium 2017

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as proposed by Flibe Energy's Kirk Sorensen... a modern redesign of the 2-Fluid, thermal-spectrum, MSBR concept.
http://Flibe-Energy.com/
Since 2011 (the year Flibe Energy was founded), legislators asking questions about Thorium have had their queries answered as if such a reactor design did not exist.
NNL [UK] and OECD [NEA] reports on the Thorium Fuel Cycle did not explore the implications of this reactor, and dismiss thorium based on challenges and mediocre performance found in other reactor designs.
For example, other options include a "Fast-Spectrum Molten-Salt Reactor". Worth pursuing, certainly, but requires more fissile inventory than LFTR... approximately 5x as much. (Fissile inventory is specifically mentioned as a concern by OECD's thorium report.) And assuming the challenges of a fast-spectrum MSR can be met... both natural Uranium and natural Thorium can both be fully consumed as fuel in a fast-spectrum reactor. That is where Thorium is dismissed as only "4x as common as Uranium" (fast-spectrum usage) rather than "400x as common as U-235" (thermal-spectrum usage).
Thorium's advantages: both thermal-spectrum breeding and unique chemical properties, are taken full advantage of only by LFTR style reactors.
When evaluated in any other reactor, depending on that reactor, Uranium can be as attractive, more attractive, or Uranium can be the only viable option.
For example: Shippingport. Cited as an example of a "Thorium Reactor" by Dr. Lyons, it was NEVER intended to be economical, and features no advantages of LFTR. It was a solid-fuel reactor, and so operated at low-temperature, had no on-line chemical reprocessing, used high-pressure water coolant, used fuel as inefficiently as every other solid-fuel reactor, and had to be shut down every time it was refueled. 2 of its 3 fuel loads were Enriched Uranium. It was -a- Reactor capable of consuming Thorium and demonstrated only that it was possible... it was not -THE- Thorium Reactor.
If you'd like to watch a mini-series length (6.5h) documentary on this topic, please check out "Thorium." https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM ...it goes into some technical detail on Thorium and Molten Salt Reactors, as well as nuclear power itself.
This video exists thanks to support pledged via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thorium
Other videos I've edited on Thorium & Molten Salt Reactors can be found here: http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Music (at 28:29) created by Kilowatts: http://kilowattsmusic.com/
00:00 LWR: 0.05% of Uranium's Energy Potential
00:54 LWR: ChemicalInstability
01:38 LWR: High Pressure
02:48 Alvin Weinberg
03:05 HighTemperature not High Pressure
03:40 MSRE Achievement
03:51 Graphite
04:08 MoveHeatNo Pressure
04:45 Salt: IonicBonds
05:33 Fluoride vs Fluorine
06:16 Cesium & Iodine
06:33 DrainTank
07:53 Disperse Heat
08:36 Solid Fuel: Candles
09:24 Online Chemical Reprocessing
10:15 Legislators ask about Thorium
10:46 OECD NEA Thorium Report
11:23 Fast-Spectrum Dodge
12:08 Spent Fuel
12:34 Efficient
13:49 Concentrated
14:10 Rare Earth Elements
15:41 China'sAcademy of Science
16:34 CO2Raw Material
17:07 Recycling
18:05 Sorting
18:52 NASA, Recycling & Energy
20:57 Molten Salt Research Halted
21:28 World Set Free
21:55 Documents
22:28 CD-ROMs and Internet
23:15 Obama Administration
24:33 Regulations vs Liquid Fuel
25:12 Stymied in USA
26:08 Flibe Energy
26:41 MSRE Researchers
27:14 Export of MSR Expertise
27:41 China vs Global Warming
28:29 1969-2017 Timeline
33:08 Thousands of years of Slavery
33:32 Energy Density of Thorium
Other Video Sources
02:46 https://youtu.be/EviEN0ScOwg Pandora's Box
03:08 https://youtu.be/ofs6-K7UCSU Weinberg 2011
03:41 https://youtu.be/pGzKuhY50v4 Weinberg 2004
03:41 https://youtu.be/tyDbq5HRs0o Found MSRE Doc
05:34 https://youtu.be/vtWp45Eewtw Fluorine (PToV)
05:54 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoK41_2JS4E_ZZyJSH7g-AhiiwMoCoFCB (MSBR3.0-ORNL-4528)
30:51 http://www.citizen-films.fr/en/thorium/ (T:TFSoN)

After 6 billion vehicles sold, HotWheels is looking for one more car to race down those plastic orange tracks ... Mattel, the toymaker that owns the Hot Wheels brand, is searching for the best custom car in the United States. The chosen vehicle will be made into a miniature die-cast car to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Hot Wheels....

Hot cars can hit deadly temperatures in as little as one hour, suffocating anyone trapped inside, a new study shows ... The researchers also looked at how quickly it would take a two-year-old child to suffer from heatstroke in left in a hot car. Incidents of hot car deaths peak between ......

Thorium.

http://ThoriumRemix.com/ Thorium is an abundant material which can be transformed into massive quantities of energy. To do so efficiently requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kind we use today- Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses chemically stable molten salts.
Such a reactor is called a "Molten Salt Reactor". Many different configurations are possible. Some of these configurations can harness Thorium very efficiently.
This video explores the attributes of Molten Salt Reactors. Why are they compelling? And why do many people (including myself) see them as the only economical way of fully harnessing ALL our nuclear fuels... including Thorium.
This video has been under development since 2012. I hope it conveys to you why I personally find Molten Salt Reactors so compelling, as do the many volunteers and supporters who helped create it. Much of the footage was shot by volunteers.
All music was created by: http://kilowattsmusic.com
To support this project, please visit: https://patreon.com/thorium
Entities pursuing Molten Salt Reactors are...
Flibe Energy - http://flibe-energy.com/
Terrestrial Energy - http://terrestrialenergy.com/
Moltex Energy - http://www.moltexenergy.com/
ThorCon Power - http://thorconpower.com/
Transatomic - http://www.transatomicpower.com/
Seaborg - http://seaborg.co/
Copenhagen Atomics - http://www.copenhagenatomics.com/
TerraPower - http://terrapower.com/
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - http://www.barc.gov.in/
Chinese Academy of Sciences - http://english.cas.cn/
Regular Thorium conferences are organized by:
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/
http://thoriumenergyworld.com/
Table of Contents
0:00:00 Space0:17:29 Constraints
0:28:22 Coolants
0:40:15 MSRE
0:48:54 Earth
0:59:46 Thorium
1:22:03 LFTR
1:36:13 Revolution
1:44:58 Forward
1:58:11 ROEI
2:05:41 Beginning
2:08:36 History
2:38:59 Dowtherm
2:47:57 Salt
2:51:44 Pebbles
3:06:07 India
3:18:44 Caldicott
3:35:55 Fission
3:56:22 Spectrum
4:04:25 Chemistry
4:12:51 Turbine
4:22:27 Waste
4:40:15 Decommission
4:54:39 Candlelight
5:13:06 Facts
5:26:08 Future
5:55:39 Pitches
5:56:17 Terrestrial
6:08:33 ThorCon
6:11:45 Flibe
6:20:51 End
6:25:53 Credits
Some of this footage is remixed from non-MSR related sources, to help explain the importance of energy for both space exploration and everyday life here on Earth. Most prominently...
Pandora's Promise - https://youtu.be/bDw3ET3zqxk
Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson - https://youtu.be/Pun76NZMjCk
Dr. Robert Zubrin - https://youtu.be/EKQSijn9FBs
MarsUnderground - https://youtu.be/tcTZvNLL0-w
Andy Weir & Adam Savage - https://youtu.be/5SemyzKgaUU
Periodic Table Videos - https://youtube.com/channel/UCtESv1e7ntJaLJYKIO1FoYw

28:26

Motherboard TV: The Thorium Dream (Documentary)

Motherboard's 30-minute film on the grassroots movement to make thorium nuclear power a re...

Thorium 2017

Thorium is an abundant material currently disposed of as waste. It is found in coal ash piles and mine tailings. A single Rare Earths mine could produce enough Thorium byproduct to power the entire planet.
To do so requires a very different nuclear reactor than the kinds we use today. Not one that uses solid fuel rods, but a reactor in which the fuel is kept in a liquid state. Not one that uses pressurized water as a coolant, but a reactor that uses extremely stable molten salts.
The full description of one such reactor is: 2-Fluid, Thermal-Spectrum, Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor equipped with a chemical fuel salt treatment module. Such a reactor was conceived of decades ago, as documented in the book "FluidFuel Reactors" [1958].
Or, simply "LFTR" (Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor) as proposed by Flibe Energy's Kirk Sorensen... a modern redesign of the 2-Fluid, thermal-spectrum, MSBR concept.
http://Flibe-Energy.com/
Since 2011 (the year Flibe Energy was founded), legislators asking questions about Thorium have had their queries answered as if such a reactor design did not exist.
NNL [UK] and OECD [NEA] reports on the Thorium Fuel Cycle did not explore the implications of this reactor, and dismiss thorium based on challenges and mediocre performance found in other reactor designs.
For example, other options include a "Fast-Spectrum Molten-Salt Reactor". Worth pursuing, certainly, but requires more fissile inventory than LFTR... approximately 5x as much. (Fissile inventory is specifically mentioned as a concern by OECD's thorium report.) And assuming the challenges of a fast-spectrum MSR can be met... both natural Uranium and natural Thorium can both be fully consumed as fuel in a fast-spectrum reactor. That is where Thorium is dismissed as only "4x as common as Uranium" (fast-spectrum usage) rather than "400x as common as U-235" (thermal-spectrum usage).
Thorium's advantages: both thermal-spectrum breeding and unique chemical properties, are taken full advantage of only by LFTR style reactors.
When evaluated in any other reactor, depending on that reactor, Uranium can be as attractive, more attractive, or Uranium can be the only viable option.
For example: Shippingport. Cited as an example of a "Thorium Reactor" by Dr. Lyons, it was NEVER intended to be economical, and features no advantages of LFTR. It was a solid-fuel reactor, and so operated at low-temperature, had no on-line chemical reprocessing, used high-pressure water coolant, used fuel as inefficiently as every other solid-fuel reactor, and had to be shut down every time it was refueled. 2 of its 3 fuel loads were Enriched Uranium. It was -a- Reactor capable of consuming Thorium and demonstrated only that it was possible... it was not -THE- Thorium Reactor.
If you'd like to watch a mini-series length (6.5h) documentary on this topic, please check out "Thorium." https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM ...it goes into some technical detail on Thorium and Molten Salt Reactors, as well as nuclear power itself.
This video exists thanks to support pledged via Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thorium
Other videos I've edited on Thorium & Molten Salt Reactors can be found here: http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Music (at 28:29) created by Kilowatts: http://kilowattsmusic.com/
00:00 LWR: 0.05% of Uranium's Energy Potential
00:54 LWR: ChemicalInstability
01:38 LWR: High Pressure
02:48 Alvin Weinberg
03:05 HighTemperature not High Pressure
03:40 MSRE Achievement
03:51 Graphite
04:08 MoveHeatNo Pressure
04:45 Salt: IonicBonds
05:33 Fluoride vs Fluorine
06:16 Cesium & Iodine
06:33 DrainTank
07:53 Disperse Heat
08:36 Solid Fuel: Candles
09:24 Online Chemical Reprocessing
10:15 Legislators ask about Thorium
10:46 OECD NEA Thorium Report
11:23 Fast-Spectrum Dodge
12:08 Spent Fuel
12:34 Efficient
13:49 Concentrated
14:10 Rare Earth Elements
15:41 China'sAcademy of Science
16:34 CO2Raw Material
17:07 Recycling
18:05 Sorting
18:52 NASA, Recycling & Energy
20:57 Molten Salt Research Halted
21:28 World Set Free
21:55 Documents
22:28 CD-ROMs and Internet
23:15 Obama Administration
24:33 Regulations vs Liquid Fuel
25:12 Stymied in USA
26:08 Flibe Energy
26:41 MSRE Researchers
27:14 Export of MSR Expertise
27:41 China vs Global Warming
28:29 1969-2017 Timeline
33:08 Thousands of years of Slavery
33:32 Energy Density of Thorium
Other Video Sources
02:46 https://youtu.be/EviEN0ScOwg Pandora's Box
03:08 https://youtu.be/ofs6-K7UCSU Weinberg 2011
03:41 https://youtu.be/pGzKuhY50v4 Weinberg 2004
03:41 https://youtu.be/tyDbq5HRs0o Found MSRE Doc
05:34 https://youtu.be/vtWp45Eewtw Fluorine (PToV)
05:54 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoK41_2JS4E_ZZyJSH7g-AhiiwMoCoFCB (MSBR3.0-ORNL-4528)
30:51 http://www.citizen-films.fr/en/thorium/ (T:TFSoN)

59:58

THORIUM DEBUNK

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron...

THORIUM DEBUNK

Thorium, element 90 on the periodic table, is a fertile material. When struck by a neutron, it will change (over time) into Uranium-233. Uranium-233 is fissile, and can fission into energy and fission products.
Claims have been made regarding both thorium's energy potential, and counter claims that it holds no particular advantage over uranium as a nuclear fuel.
This video seeks to clarify this dispute.
Music in this video was created by KiloWatts: http://KiloWattsMusic.com/
Video assets were remixed from http://ThoriumRemix.com/
Video constructed by Gordon McDowell.
Reports cited are...NNL [UK'sNational Nuclear Laboratory] Comparison of Thorium and UraniumFuelCycles: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdfOECDNEA's Introduction of Thorium In The NuclearFuel Cycle: https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7224-thorium.pdf
IEER Thorium Fact Sheet: http://energyfromthorium.com/ieer-rebuttal/ (I will not be linking to IEER. Easy to Google.)
For a multi-hour in-depth look at Thorium, see video "Thorium.": https://youtu.be/2oK6Rs6yFsM

46:54

Thorium Disadvantages

Uranium-233 is a fissile isotope of uranium that is bred from thorium-232 as part of the t...

Thorium Disadvantages

Uranium-233 is a fissile isotope of uranium that is bred from thorium-232 as part of the thorium fuel cycle. Uranium-233 was investigated for use in nuclear weapons. Uranium-233 is produced by the neutron irradiation of thorium-232. Thorium-232 absorbs a neutron, becomes thorium-233, then quickly decays into protactinium-233. Protactinium-233 has a half-life of 27 days and before decaying into uranium-233.
This protactinium has a large cross-section and can absorb neutrons needed to sustain fission. Because uranium-233 releases so few neutrons in thermal-spectrum, and because 2 neutrons are needed to sustain a chain reaction, existence of protactinium would stop fission.
Protactinium-233 is a challenge unique to thorium reactors.
Low breeding ratio is a challenge unique to breeder reactors fueled by thorium, which operate in thermal-spectrum.
The 5,000 tpy figure of Thorium assumes a 50,000 tpy Rare Earths facility that primarily utilizes monazite as its feed-stock.
Thorium is a companion element to Monazite. Monazite runs at +50% REE and about 7% Th. So if you processed 50,000 tons of monazite you would get about 3,500 tpy of Th. However, monazite would not be the only feed-stock. You would use many other mineralizations. like apatite running at 3% REE and .002% Th (but with lots of heavy REE). So it would be a mix and tend toward the 5,000 tpy range.

In 'De thorium theorie', first broadcast on March 29, film makers Elisabeth van Nimwegen en Diederik Jekel set out to find out how the promise of fusion compares to the promise of the use of thorium in molten salt reactors.
To their amazement, they find out that the uncertain promise of fusion is getting billions of euro's, while the very real prospect of thorium energy research has a budget close to zero.
This 25 min. film features, among others, Myriam Tonelotto, Elisa Capelli, Kirk Sorensen, and Jan Leen Kloosterman.

Thorium, Rare Earth Elements [REE] and Molten Salt Reactors [MSR] covered in brand-new book by Victoria Bruce! https://www.amazon.com/Sellout-Washington-Americas-Technological-Fight-ebook/dp/B06WVPDF5N/
John Kutsch of Thorium Energy Alliance and Jim Kennedyof ThREE Consulting review the hazards maintaining U.S. current thorium policy. HeavyRare Earth Element mining is impeded. Energy sector innovation is stifled. Thorium is less dangerous, less radioactive, and less easily metabolized than many elements we are exposed to on a daily basis.
Current regulation assists China's capture of high-tech manufacturing sector. Current regulation protects incumbent U.S. [light] rare earth producers who DISPOSE of thorium and valuable heavy rare earths in tailing ponds. Current regulation does NOT facilitate growth of U.S. economy.
Lawmakers on both sides of the aisle recognize reform is needed. No one is willing to introduce legislation to address the thorium problem. China continues to capture high-tech manufacturing jobs. U.S. private corporations are unable to pursue thorium an an energy resource.
THE THORIUM PROBLEM was delivered at SME - Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration on Feb 20th2012 [2012-02-20] in Seattle.

26:39

Inside an interesting eBay fibre optic kit.

I got this 150 point fibre (fiber) optic lighting kit from eBay to check out the quality. ...

The Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor: What Fusion Wanted To Be

Google Tech TalksNovember 18, 2008
ABSTRACT
Electrical power is, and will increasingly become, the desired form of energy for its convenience, safety, flexibility and applicability. Even future transportation embraces electric cars, trains, and chemical fuel production (jet fuel, hydrogen, etc.) based upon an abundant electrical supply. Although existing energy sources can and should be expanded where practical, no one source has shown to be practical to rapidly fulfill the world's energy requirements effectively. Presently there is an existing source of energy ideally suited to electrical energy production that is not being exploited anywhere in the world today, although its existence and practicality has been know since the earliest days of nuclear science. Thorium is the third source of fission energy and the LFTR is the idealized mechanism to turn this resource into electrical energy. Enough safe, clean energy, globally sustainable for 1000's of years at US standards.
This talk is aimed at explaining this thorium energy resource from fundamental physics to today's practical applications. The presentation is sufficient for the non-scientist to grasp the whole subject, but will be intriguing to even classically trained nuclear engineers. By providing the historical context in which the technology was discovered and later developed into a power reactor, the story of thorium's disappearance as an energy source is revealed. But times have changed, and today, thorium energy can be safely exploited in a completely new form of nuclear reactor.
The LFTR is unique, having a hot liquid core thus eliminating fuel fabrication costs and the need for a large reactor. It cannot have a nuclear meltdown and is so safe that typical control rods are not required at all. This design topples all the conventional arguments against conventional energy sources in such areas as:
* WasteProduction
* Safety
* Proliferation
* CapitalCosts and Location
* Environmental Impact
* SocialAcceptance
* Flexibility
* Grid Infrastructure
* Efficiency
Should America take this step toward a New Era in Nuclear Energy Production? Hear the case for "The ElectricityRock" and then decide.
Speaker: Dr. Joe Bonometti
Dr. Bonometti has extensive engineering experience in the government, within industry, and in academia over a 25-year career. Recently completing an assignment as the NASAChairProfessor at the Naval Post graduateSchool, he supported a ship design study that utilized advanced nuclear power derived from thorium. Working at NASA for ten years as a technology manager, lead systems engineer, nuclear specialist, and propulsion researcher, he lead several NASA tiger teams in evaluating the NuclearSystem Initiatives fission demonstration vehicle and missions. He managed the Emerging Propulsion TechnologyArea for in-space systems, the MarshallAir Launch team, as well as a variety of other power and propulsion assignments and is now the LeadSystems Engineer for the Ares I-Y flight. After earning a Doctorate degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Alabama in Huntsville, he spent several years as a Research Scientist & SeniorResearchEngineer at the UAH Propulsion Research Center where he served as a Principal Investigator and manager for the Solar Thermal Laboratory. He has worked as a Senior MechanicalDesigner at Pratt & Whitney supporting aircraft engine manufacturing and at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory within the laser fusion program. A graduate from the United States Military Academy, at West Point, where he studied nuclear physics and engineering, Dr. Bonometti served as an officer in the United States Army Corps of Engineers; both in combat and district engineering management assignments. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia, and has authored numerous aerospace technical publications, particularly propulsion and space systems technologies. His technical expertise includes nuclear engineering, specialized mechanical & materials research, space plasmas & propulsion, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and space systems engineering.
This Google Tech Talk was hosted by Boris Debic.

20:50

Inside a cheap eBay LED power supply. (With arcing flaw.)

This fairly common power supply has a very silly flaw involving the choice of assembly har...

Inside a cheap eBay LED power supply. (With arcing flaw.)

This fairly common power supply has a very silly flaw involving the choice of assembly hardware. It also has what I would describe as just-acceptable separation of tracks with no anti-tracking slots.
These power supplies are the type normally seen lying loose in shop windows connected to badly installed LED tape and with their open live terminals perilously close to random metal junk in the vicinity and the aluminium window frame.
The hot diode issue is why I always recommend under-running these power supplies for a much longer lifespan.
If you enjoy these videos you can help support the channel with a dollar for coffee, cookies and random gadgets for disassembly at:-
http://www.bigclive.com/coffee.htm
This also keeps the channel independent of YouTube's advertising algorithms allowing it to be a bit more dangerous and naughty.

31:32

Thorium

Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomi...

Thorium

Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.
Thorium produces a radioactive gas, radon-220, as one of its decay products. Secondary decay products of thorium include radium and actinium. In nature, virtually all thorium is found as thorium-232, which undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of about 14.05 billion years. Other isotopes of thorium are short-lived intermediates in the decay chains of higher elements, and only found in trace amounts. Thorium is estimated to be about three to four times more abundant than uranium in the Earth's crust, and is chiefly refined from monazite sands as a by-product of extracting rare earth metals.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SACreative Commons image source in video

20:32

The Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment

This film was produced in 1969 by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the United States Atom...

The Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment

This film was produced in 1969 by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the United States Atomic Energy Commission to inform the public regarding the history, technology, and milestones of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE). Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Molten Salt Reactor Experiment was designed to assess the viability of liquid fuel reactor technologies for use in commercial power generation. It operated from January 1965 through December 1969, logging more than 13,000 hours at full power during its four-year run. The MSRE was designated a nuclear historic landmark in 1994.
Thanks toY-12 for the collection, preservation and digitization of this and other historic films.

31:01

ThorCon A Thorium Molten Salt Reactor System that can be built Now by Lars Jorgensen @ TEAC7

In the developing world electricity generation is skyrocketing - mostly with coal. ThorCon...

ThorCon A Thorium Molten Salt Reactor System that can be built Now by Lars Jorgensen @ TEAC7

In the developing world electricity generation is skyrocketing - mostly with coal. ThorCon is a system to build nuclear power plants in volume, at a cost that is competitive with coal.
The entire ThorCon plant including the building is manufactured in blocks on a shipyard-like assembly line. These 150 to 500 ton, fully outfitted, pre-tested blocks are barged to the site. A 1 GWe ThorCon will require less than 200 blocks. Site work is limited to excavation and erecting the blocks. This produces order of magnitude improvements in productivity, quality control, and build time. ThorCon is much more than a power plant; it is a system for building power plants. A single large reactor yard can turn out one hundred 1 GWe ThorCons per year.
http://ThorConPower.com/
Lars Jorgensen presented "ThorCon" at TEAC7 (Thorium Energy AllianceConference #7), held in 2015Palo Alto.
http://ThoriumEnergyAlliance.com/

thorium ep 1...

"NASA" - THORIUM REMIX 2016...

Energy From Thorium: A Nuclear Waste Burning Liqui...

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