Weeds, pests and diseases were the identified major constraints for banana ...diseases as the major constraint for production (Figure 3). Across the five main ... Muntaber Tinasi Leaf eater caterpillar Stem rot Xanthomonas Others Weevil borer None Nematod BBTV Fusarium Sigatoka Moko BDB Figure 4. Majorpests and diseases of bananaproduction in Indonesia

diseases in the central area of bananaproduction are the Panama disease (fusarium wilt ...Production (X 1000 ton) Area (X 1000 ha.) Production (ton) Area (ha.) Figure 1. Area and production of banana in Indonesia (1992-2001). Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (2000) and Directorate General Production of Horticulture ... Although bananaproduction has increased over the years, from 1997 to 2001, the production area of banana has declined from 1997 to 1999 (Figure 1), particularly

Tanzania, Uganda and Vietnam, with the majorproduction share coming from Mexico ... Uganda etc., have taken major initiatives in promoting organic coffee production ... of its total production being certified as organic. In this country, majority of organic coffee

are also major problems. Losses to the crop from various pests and diseases worldwide ... the crop suffers from a number of devastating diseases. Among the most important ... pod caused by M. roreri, and black pod disease caused by various species

are also major problems. Losses to the crop from various pests and diseases worldwide ... the crop suffers from a number of devastating diseases. Among the most important ... pod caused by M. roreri, and black pod disease caused by various species

For most Indonesians, rice is the major staple crop. Starting in the mid-1960s, their Government provided the highest priority to its rice production program. Strong ... the ravages of diseases such as Brown Plant Hopper (BPH), Rice Tungro Virus (RTV ... Pesticide Use ('000 tons) M illed Rice Production (m illion tons) RICE PESTICIDES

of banana planting material with beneficial microorganisms to increase plant resistance to infection. The fact that most of the majorpests and diseases of banana attack the plant ... from the endorhiza of healthy banana root or corm tissue following surface sterilization (Figure ... Isolation of endophytic fungi from banana tissue rhizome inner outer general cutting of infested tissue material root Figure 1. Techniques used in the isolation of fungi growing inside healthy tissue of banana (Sikora & Schuster 1999). water agar

and improved pest and disease control achieved in part by the development of resistant ... Trends in the level and stability of Asian rice production go a long way toward ...production in Asia (Figure 1). Since this production surge, the magnitude of year-to-year

Average percentage higher in rice+fish plots: 1.1% Rice-Fish Production 8. Pest Management Pest management includes many options falling into four major categories ... to become a major problem because they destabilize the ecosystem and trigger pest ... china, india, indonesia, philippines, thailand

6.2 Potential Farm-Level Impact of Disease-Resistant Cucumber (Indonesia ... of Production. In Indonesia, the cost of seed accounts for 3% of total cucumber variable ... days/ha). Clearly, seed is a not a major variable factor of production