genetic recombination

Summary

Summary: Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

..Although the host can often control their numbers, massive expansions of retrotransposons have been tolerated during evolution. Now mobile elements are becoming useful tools for learning more about genome evolution and gene function...

..To devise a method that, unlike available methods, directly measures variations in phylogenetic signals in gene sequences that result from recombination, tests the significance of the signal variations and distinguishes misleading signals...

A modified bootscan algorithm for automated identification of recombinant sequences and recombination breakpoints

..Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations...

..Moreover, we discuss how tumor suppressor proteins such as p53, ATM, Brca1 and Brca2 have been linked to such pathways, and how accumulating evidence is connecting deficiencies in cellular responses to DNA DSBs with tumorigenesis...

..Our data suggest that RPA-coated ssDNA is the critical structure at sites of DNA damage that recruits the ATR-ATRIP complex and facilitates its recognition of substrates for phosphorylation and the initiation of checkpoint signaling...

Evolution of the core and pan-genome of Streptococcus: positive selection, recombination, and genome composition

..This study employs comparative evolutionary analyses of 26 Streptococcus genomes to yield an improved understanding of the relative roles of recombination and positive selection in pathogen adaptation to their hosts...

..By enabling high-fidelity DNA modifications to be induced in vitro or in vivo, these systems have incited a wave of new biology, advancing our understanding of gene function, genetic relationships, development, and disease...

Rad51 protein involved in repair and recombination in S. cerevisiae is a RecA-like protein

..Recombinant GEN1 and Yen1 resolve Holliday junctions by the introduction of symmetrically related cuts across the junction point, to produce nicked duplex products in which the nicks can be readily ligated...

..The evolution of recombinant sequences can not be properly explained by a single phylogenetic tree, but several phylogenies may be used to correctly model the evolution of non-recombinant fragments...

CtIP-BRCA1 modulates the choice of DNA double-strand-break repair pathway throughout the cell cycle

..Our results indicate that Ubc9- and Mms21-mediated sumoylation functions as a regulatory mechanism, different from that of replication checkpoints, to prevent pathological accumulation of cruciform structures at damaged forks...

..We speculate that, in checkpoint mutants, abnormal replication intermediates begin to form because of uncoordinated replication and are further processed by unscheduled recombination pathways, causing genome instability...

Construction of a 10,000-marker ultradense genetic recombination map of potato: providing a framework for accelerated gene isolation and a genomewide physical map

..brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified...

A versatile toolbox for PCR-based tagging of yeast genes: new fluorescent proteins, more markers and promoter substitution cassettes

..The breakpoint junction sequences of more than 200 SVs were determined with a novel pooling strategy and computational analysis. Our analysis provided insights into the mechanisms of SV formation in humans...

..This system will be especially useful for the engineering of large bacterial plasmids such as those from bacterial artificial chromosome libraries...

Inducible gene targeting in mice

R KuhnInstitute for Genetics, University of Cologne, GermanyScience 269:1427-9. 1995

..Deletion was complete in liver and nearly complete in lymphocytes within a few days, whereas partial deletion was obtained in other tissues. This method can be used for the inducible inactivation of any other gene in vivo...

..These experiments demonstrate the potential for precise genetic engineering of the Drosophila genome with the phiC31 integrase system and will likely benefit research in Drosophila and other insects...

..These data support a model to explain the connection between recombination, transcription, and mRNA metabolism and provide a new perspective to understanding transcription-associated recombination...

..Homogeneous viruses can be obtained from this procedure without plaque purification. This system should expedite the process of generating and testing recombinant adenoviruses for a variety of purposes...

..Analysis of the gene complement for each organism revealed the pathways for carbon and nitrogen fixation and energy generation, and provided insights into survival strategies in an extreme environment...

..The current article reviews recent information on these topics in an historical context. This juxtaposition has suggested new relationships between structure and function. Additional issues were addressed in a previous chapter (551)...

..This long-term pattern of evolution was observed in genes distributed throughout the genome, and thereby is the likely result of episodic selection for strains that can escape the host immune response...

Modification of gene activity in mouse embryos in utero by a tamoxifen-inducible form of Cre recombinase

..The mus81 meiotic defect is rescued by expression of a bacterial Holliday junction resolvase. These findings constitute strong evidence that Mus81 and Eme1 are subunits of a nuclear Holliday junction resolvase...

Francene J LemoineDepartment of Biology and Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USACell 120:587-98. 2005

..We demonstrate that this pair of Ty elements constitutes a preferred site for double-strand DNA breaks when DNA replication is compromised, analogous to the fragile sites observed in mammalian chromosomes...

..We will be able to determine if Hoxb8 mutant microglia respond to neural stimuli correctly. Taken together, the proposed work will advance the set of tools available to address the underlying causes of glial and other disorders. ..

..Understanding the role of key genes involved in ensuring proper chromosomal segregation during meiosis will increase our understanding of the mechanisms controlling these events and the complex causes of infertility. ..

..Antibodies are polypeptide complexes produced from B-lymphocytes that are present in the bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign antigens, such as bacteria and viruses. ..

..Finally, after completing a 10-generation backcross onto C57Bl/6, we will examine the mice for abnormalities in central nervous system by testing motor function, anxiety, learning, memory and by examining the brains neuropathologically. ..

..This animal model will provide academic and industrial research communities with an opportunity to better understand cardiovascular disease and its pathogenesis, and to develop and test new therapeutics and preventative strategies. ..

..PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The long-term goal of this proposal is the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial-induced ear infections. These infections are the most common illnesses in infants and young children. ..

..Together, a model for telomere breakdown and large-scale approaches for studying chromatin dynamics at telomeres will make a strong contribution to understanding genome instability in cancer formation. ..

..If the studies outlined in this application are successful, these pre-clinical data will pave the way for approval of iPSC-based clinical trials for not only other forms of EB, but also other inherited skin disorders. ..

..The identification of novel host-viral interaction pathways can provide important information regarding the pathogenesis of AIDS/CNS disease and promote the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. ..

..aureus. Since PcrA is a conserved protein, the knowledge gained from these studies could be used in the future for the development of drugs against S. aureus and other Gram-positive human pathogens. ..

..specific aim, we will determine whether a subset of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 polymorphisms affect frequencies of genetic recombination and mutation and the DNA damage response to AFB1 and liver carcinogens...

..These studies should elucidate the molecular mechanism of induction of damage to engrafting marrow origin, epithelial stem cells by the irradiated esophageal microenvironment and identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. ..

..Knowing in detail what molecular interactions lead to coronavirus replication and recombination, the focus of this proposal, are essential for the development of stable and safe recombinant vaccines and the design of anti-viral drugs. ..

..Defects in these processes are linked to human infertility, miscarriage and genetic diseases, particularly cancer. A greater understanding of their mechanism and regulation will help us better understand the etiology of these diseases. ..

..We propose studies to address how precursor B cells control long-range changes in the spatial organization of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus to ensure its proper assembly and pursuant generation of an adaptive immune system. ..

..Studies of protein and mRNA stability, post translational regulation, and signal transduction pathways including MAPK, will determine key molecular elements in the control of Ig class switch in aged mice. ..

..These fundamental issues are critical for understanding the link between population genetics and the observed complex disease phenotypes, and are thus central to the development of genomic medicine. ..

..Our protocol would repair this mutation in isolated blood stem cells from HS patients and then reintroduce the corrected cells back into the patient with the potential of having a significant impact on the symptoms of the disease. ..

..Our goal is to understand the normal steps in development and how errors in the process lead to immune deficiency syndromes and lymphoid tumors, with the hope of preventing or treating such diseases. ..