“Cryin Chuck told his favorite lie when he used his standard sound bite that I ‘slammed the table & walked out of the room. He had a temper tantrum,’ ” Mr. Trump tweeted Thursday morning. “Because I knew he would say that, and after Nancy said no to proper Border Security, I politely said bye-bye and left, no slamming!”

Both the president and Republicans and Democratic leaders gave their versions of how the shutdown meeting deteriorated and criticized the other side’s behavior. Democrats accused Mr. Trump of having a “temper tantrum” while Republicans said Democrats were the ones being caustic.