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IN the industrialised West, science and technology are the tools that nations have used to improve their social and economic conditions. Numerous developing nations have attempted to follow suit by establishing policies that foster science and technology with the aim of bringing about similar improvements in their societies.

While these efforts have led to some spectacular successes, particularly in East Asia, many developing countries have found the route a difficult one. They have initiated policies aimed at industrialisation, encouraged foreign investment, promoted technological education, emphasised research and development, and instituted economic reforms. Yet it has not led to the success they seek. Shortages of funds, expertise and know-how can all take some of the blame. But a chief obstacle is that a scientific culture has not taken deep root in the societies of these countries. Their people have a limited understanding of how science and technology can help them and ...

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