TOXICOLOGY: Methyl methacrylate decreases the amplitude of the action potential in peripheral nerves by causing lysis of membrane lipids and destruction of the myelin sheath. It is an irritant and sensitizer, and can cause bronchospasm and dermatitis. At high concentrations, it has CNS and respiratory depressant effects. It is thought to promote granuloma formation and trigger focal bone resorption.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure to liquid methyl methacrylate is generally occupational. It is usually found as a commercial or technical grade (99.8% pure) which contains inhibitors such as hydroquinone or monomethyl ether of hydroquinone to prevent polymerization. Once polymerized, it is inert.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY

ORAL: Significant systemic toxicity is not expected after acute ingestion. If an object made from the polymer is ingested, it presents a potential foreign body (choking) hazard.

OTHER: Systemic vasodilation and transient hypotension have been reported following use as a bone cement in total hip replacement procedures. Methacrylic acid-containing primers used in artificial nail cosmetic products are highly corrosive and have been associated with respiratory toxicity and cutaneous burn. Refer to "ACIDS" management for information on methacrylic acid.