Challenge From Last Time:

From my interview with Lawrence Livermore National Labs over this
weekend:
You have a bowl with 200 fish in it. Of these fish 99% are not
guppies. how many fish should you remove so that 2% of what remains
are guppies? Suppose you can distinguish guppies from non-guppies.

Warm Up

Using the ASCII character set, write ESP in binary.Hint: The numerical equivalence of A is 65 and its binary
representation is 0100 0001.

What is a "mantissa"?

A girl's name

The part of the number before the decimal point

The part of the number after the decimal point

The exponent

Data Representation

Your task: develop an efficient way to store images. What!?! Okay,
let me explain. A raw image format is stored as a large matrix with
each cell defining the precise color of each corresponding pixel.
Each pixel has 24 bits to store 3 values: amount of red, blue, and
green. For example, storing an 8-bit number for each RGB
component allows for 256 x 256 x 256 = 16,777,316 different colors
(what a crayon box!). How many of those can you name? I'm
not sure if sunset-orange in Cancun and sunset-orange in Puerto
Vallarta count. Anyway, do you really need this much space
to store an image? Does it really make a difference to the
human eye if there are only 8,000,000 and not 16,000,000 colors?
Well, guess what - it matters to the computer because you've just cut
the memory required for storage in half! Your 20G movie just became
10G!

So, think of ways to store images that are efficient, but still
retain a good amount of color information. What is a good
amount? Well, that's for you to decide and then later justify to
the rest of the class!
From: http://www.podster.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/misc/binary.html

A Challenge For Next Time:

There are four people (a,b,c,d) behind whom a volcano
is erupting. They can get to safety if they cross a bridge that's
right in front of them. They have 17 minutes to cross the bridge
before the lava consumes them and the bridge (they have to be
completely across the bridge after 17 minutes or they fall to an
unpleasant death). The bridge can only hold 2 people at a time.
Also, it is dark, so they must cross the bridge with a flashlight,
but they only have 1 for the whole group. Moreover, they all walk
at different paces. It takes them 1, 2, 5, and 10 minutes to cross
the bridge respectively, and if 2 people cross at the same time,
they walk at the pace of the slower person. Can they all cross the
bridge before they are fed alive to the fiery gods of the volcano?
If so how? If not, why?

A mathematician meets another mathematician in a store. Here
is their dialogue:A: How have you been?B: Great! Since we last talked, I've gotten married and had
3 kidsA: Really, how old are they?B: The product of their ages is 72 and the sum of their
ages is the same as the number of that building over
there.A: Right, ok... Oh wait... Hmm, I still don't know.B: Oh sorry. The oldest one just started to play the
piano.A: That's great! My oldest is the same age

Can you tell how old mathematician B's kids are? If so,
how old are they? If not, why?