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Saturday, 10 March 2012

Definition of Useful Science

In
the Al-Qur'an Allah Ta'ala mentions science
sometimes in a commendable position, which is useful science. And
sometimes He says the science on the
disgraceful position, the science is
not useful.

The
first, as the word of Allah, the Exalted,

"...
Say:
'Are the same people who know people who do not know?' ... "[Az-Zumar: 9]

Word of God Almighty,

"Allah
states that there is no god (the right to be worshiped correctly) but Him, the
upholding of justice. The
Angels and the people of science
(also stated such). There
is no god (the right to be worshiped correctly) but He, the Mighty, the Wise.
"[Ali 'Imran: 18]

Word of Allah Ta'ala.

"... And
say: 'O my Rabb, add science to me.'
"[Ta-Ha: 114]

Word of Allah Ta'ala.

"... Among
the servants of God who feared him just the clergy. "[Fatir: 28]

Word
of Allah Ta'ala on the story of Adam and the lessons he got from God about the
names of all things, and notify the Angels. The angel said,

"Glory
to You, we know nothing except what You have taught us: Thou art the Knower,
the Wise. '" [Al-Baqarah: 32]

And
the word of Allah Ta'ala on the story of Prophet Moses with Khidhir. The Prophet Moses said to him,

"May
I follow you so that you taught me the true science of the sciences
that have been taught to you? '" [Al-Kahf: 66]

These are all useful science.

And
sometimes God Almighty proclaim the state of a given science, but science
that there is no benefit to them. This
is essentially useful science, but
the owner did not take advantage of that science.
Allah Ta'ala says,

"The
likeness of those who were given the task of carrying the Torah, then they do
not take it (do not practice it) is like a donkey carrying books are thick. It
is the parable of the poor who deny Allah's revelations. And Allah does not
guide the man- wrongdoers.
"[Al-jumu'a: 5]

The
science that Allah Almighty
mentioned in the disgraceful position, that of sorcery as his word,

"...
They learn something harmful and not beneficial. And indeed they knew anyone
who bought (using magic) that, had not received benefits in the hereafter. It's
really bad deeds are selling their souls, if only they knew." [Al-Baqarah: 102]

And the word of Allah Ta'ala,

"They
just knew that was born (looks) of the world lives, while for (life) they
neglect the Hereafter." [Ar-Rum: 7]

That's
why the Sunnah divide science into useful science and science is not useful, also advocated for protection of science that is useful to ask God Almighty and useful
science. [1]

Shaykh
al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (d.. 728 H) rahimahullaah said, "Science is what is built on the
proposition, and useful science is science brought by the Prophet
sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Sometimes
there is a science that does not
come from the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, but in worldly affairs,
such as medicine, arithmetic, agricultural sciences,
science and commerce. "[2]

First,
know God Almighty and all what is rightfully his name in the form of a
beautiful, noble qualities and noble deeds. This
requires the existence of exaltation, fear, love, hope, and resignation to God,
and pleased to fate and wait for all the calamities that Allah Ta'ala gave.

Second,
knowing all that is blessed and loved by Allah 'Azza wa Jalla and away from all
that hate and wrath of his beliefs, spiritual and physical actions and words. This
requires people who know it to hasten to do all that is loved and blessed God
Almighty and away from all that is hated and his wrath. If
the science that produces it for the
owner, then this is useful science. Whenever
science is useful and lodged in the heart, then truly, the heart that will
feel humility ', fear, submission, love and glorify Allah' Azza wa Jalla, soul
and feeling quite satisfied with that little of the world's halal and feel
satisfied with it so that it makes qana'ah
and ascetic in the world. "[3]

Imam
Mujahid ibn Jabr (d.. 104 H) rahimahullaah said, "People who faqih is the
one who fears Allah Ta'ala even a little science.
And
the fool is the person who disobeyed Allah Ta'ala even if their science a lot. "[4]

The
words he rahimahullaah show that there are people who studied and taught, but science is not beneficial to people
because it did not take him to obedience to Allah Ta'ala.

Imam
Ibn Rajab (d.. 795 H) rahimahullaah said, "Science is the main thing is Tafsir al-Qur-an, explanation of the
meaning of the hadiths of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, and
discussion on the issue of halal and haram is narrated from the Companions,
Tabi'in, Tabi'ut Tabi'in, and the leading priests who follow in their footsteps
... "[5]

Imam
al-Auza'i (d.. 157 H) rahimahullaah said, "Science is what is taken from the Companions of the Prophet
Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, while that which is coming from but
they are not science." [6]

He
also said, "Science is the main
thing is Tafsir al-Qur-an, explanation of the meaning of the hadiths of the
Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, and discussion on the issue of halal and
haram is narrated from the Companions, Tabi'in, Tabi'ut Tabi'in,
and the leading priests who follow in their footsteps ... "[7]

Imam
Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i rahimahullaah said,

The
whole science in addition to
Al-Qur-an is busy,except
the science of hadith and fiqh in
order to explore the science of
religion.

Science
is listed in it: 'Qaalaa, haddatsanaa (hadith has been delivered to us)'.

The
addition was just worried (whisper) devil. [8]

Prophet
sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam gave us the parable about the man who understood
the religion of Allah Ta'ala, he benefited from his science and provide benefits to others. Prophet
sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam also gives the parable of those who are not
paying attention to the science of
religion, by their negligence, they become the losers and broke.

Prophet
sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said,

"The
parable of the instructions and the science
that God sent me to him like a heavy rain that hit the ground. In between there
is a fertile land. He received the last water plants and grasses that grow a
lot. Among them there are also dry soil that holds water. And God gave man the
benefit from
him so they drink, irrigate crops, and farming with him. Rain was also the kind
of (soil) the other is a barren, which does not store water, no crops grow
well. That is the parable of those who understand the religion of Allah, then
he gets the benefit of what that
God sent me to him. Also the parable of the people who do not pay attention to
it. He did not receive the guidance of God in which I was sent. "[9]

Prophet
sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam when it comes to bring the teachings of Islam, he
needed rain mengumpamakannya with humans. Human
condition before the coming of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam as the
soil is dry, arid and barren. Then
the arrival of his sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam bring useful science carefully turn the dead as rains revive a dead land.

Then
he likens those who listen to religious science
with a variety of soils exposed to rain, among them were pious men who practice
and teach science. This
guy is like a fertile soil that absorbs water so it can benefit him, then the
soil can grow plants that can benefit others.

Among
them there are also people who spend their time studying, but he did not
practice it, but he taught it to others. So,
he's like a tergenangi ground water so that people can use it. This
person is called in his words, "Allah beautify a person who hears my words
and the words he taught as he heard." Among them there is also a science but memorizing hear / keep it
and not pass it on to others, the parables, such as soil a
watery or barren land that can not accept the water and damage the land around
him.

Imagery
was collected first and second part is due both are equally useful. While
the third part being separated due to a disgraceful and useless.

Thus,
the parable of the above hadith consists of 2 (two) groups. The parable has been
described previously. While
the second parable, the first part is the people who converted to Islam but did
not practice and did not teach it. This
group was compared with an arid soil as suggested by the Prophet sallallaahu
'alaihi wa sallam in his saying, "People who do not pay attention to
it." Or did he turn away from science
so that he could not use it nor can they be of benefit to others.

The
second part is the people who did not embrace the religion, and even has given
him science of the religion of
Islam, but he denies and kufr to him. The
group is depicted with a hard flat ground, where water flows over it, but can
not use it.

This
is implied by the words he sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:

"And
do not care about God's instructions that I sent to him."

Ath-Thibi
said, "Man is divided into two".

First,
people who use science to him but
did not teach it to others.

Second,
people who do not use science to
him, but he teaches it to others. "

According
to Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, the first category included in the first group. Because,
in general, although the benefits have different levels. So
is the growing plants, of which there is a fertile and provide benefits to
humans and some are dry. The
second category, although he's doing things that are mandatory and leaves the
Sunnah, he is actually the second group as we have explained, and if he was
obliged to leave things, then he is wicked and we should not take science from him.

Such
people included in the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: