(1) I acknowledge financial support for this research from the Stanford Center for Longevity and the Stanford Center on the Demography and Economics of Health and Aging for financial support.

(2) I affirm that I have not received financial support from any interested party (as defined here: http://www.aeaweb.org/aea_journals/AEA_Disclosure_Policy.pdf)

(3) I affirm that I have not held any paid or unpaid positions of relevant non-profit organizations or profit-making entities whose policy positions, goals, or financial interests relate to the article.

(4) I affirm that the disclosures required above also do not apply to my spouse or any of my relatives.

(5) I affirm that no other party had the right to review the paper prior to its circulation.

(6) I declare no other conflicts of interest.

(7) This project uses publicly available de-identified aggregate data and is “exempt” from requiring IRB approval.