Pacific Science, Volume 28, Numbers 1-4, 1974http://hdl.handle.net/10125/823
Tue, 03 Mar 2015 20:45:16 GMT2015-03-03T20:45:16ZPacific Science, Volume 28, Numbers 1-4, 1974https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:443/bitstream/id/2548/PacSci.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/823
28: Index - Pacific Sciencehttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1166
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11661974-01-01T00:00:00ZGeochemistry of Lake Waters from the South Island, New Zealandhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1165
Snow and lake water samples from the New Zealand region have
been analyzed for a range of constituents. The results indicate that the lake waters
are generally low in ionic constituents and that these constituents are distributed
uniformly with depth in the lakes. The concentrations of sodium and potassium
in the lake waters indicate that these elements are derived principally by direct
atmospheric transport of marine aerosols. Calcium, magnesium, and silica are
enriched relative to sodium in the lake waters when compared with rainwater
by leaching of the surrounding schist and graywackes in the sequence calcium >
magnesium > silicon silica. SO4 2- is also enriched relative to sodium in the lake
water compared with the precipitation samples.
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11651974-10-01T00:00:00ZGlasby, GP; Edgerley, WHLAlgal Flora of Some North Island, New Zealand, Lakes, Including Rotorua and Rotoitihttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1164
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11641974-10-01T00:00:00ZCassie, VivienneA New Ervatamia (Apocynaceae) from Makatea Island, Tuamotu Archipelago Pacific Plant Studies 23http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1163
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11631974-10-01T00:00:00ZSt. John, HaroldSkottsbergiliana New Genus (Cucurbitaceae) of Hawaii Island Hawaiian Plant Studies 41http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1162
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11621974-10-01T00:00:00ZSt. John, HaroldA Review of the Labrid Genus Paracheilinus, with the Description of a New Species from Melanesiahttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1161
The genus Paracheilinus Fourmanoir, previously known from a
single specimen collected in the Red Sea, is reviewed and a new species is described
from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Paracheilinus, which was not adequately
defined when introduced by Fourmanoir, is a member of the labrid subfamily
Cheilininae, which also includes Cheilinus, Cirrhilabrus, Pseudocheilinops, and
Pseudocheilinus. It appears to be closely allied to Cirrhilabrus. The two genera are
similar in body shape, dentition, and behavior. Paracheilinus filamentosus n.sp. differs
from P. octotaenia Fourmanoir primarily on the basis of color pattern and shape
of the head, dorsal fin, and caudal fin.
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11611974-10-01T00:00:00ZAllen, Gerald RA Description and Experimental Analysis of Batesian Mimicry between a Marine Gastropod and an Amphipodhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1160
An apparent case of Batesian mimicry is described between three
co-occurring species of the marine gastropod Lacuna (the model) and an amphipod
mimic (Stenopleustes). Similar characteristics include size, color pattern, and locomotory
behavior on eelgrass blades. Both animals inhabit subtidal eelgrass beds,
but the mimic is only 1.0-4.2 percent as common as the model. Predatory fish
(Cottidae, Pholidae) from the eelgrass habitat rarely eat Lacuna or Stenopleustes
(shown by fecal analysis) but will readily eat Stenopleustes if the mimic betrays its
snail disguise by swimming. Only 8.8 percent of the Stenopleustes (which walks
along eelgrass blades and seldom swims) were eaten, compared to 62.5-percent
predation of a co-occurring nonmimetic gammarid amphipod (which often
swims), in laboratory predator-prey experiments. These data suggest that the
amphipod, by resembling a conspicuous and relatively inedible snail, enjoys a
protective advantage from predation by fish in the eelgrass habitat.
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11601974-10-01T00:00:00ZField, Laurence HContributions to the Knowledge of the Alpheid Shrimp of the Pacific Ocean Part XVII. Additional Notes on the Hawaiian Alpheids: New Species, Subspecies, and Some Nomenclatorial Changeshttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1159
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11591974-10-01T00:00:00ZBanner, Albert H; Banner, Dora MOn the Systematics of Ancinus (Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae), with the Description of a New Species from the Tropical Eastern Pacifichttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1158
Recent quantitative sampling of sandy beaches in Central America
revealed that species in the sphaeromatid genus Ancinus are abundant and widespread
at low latitudes. Ancinus panamensis n. sp. is described from the Pacific
coasts of Panama and Colombia and compared with A. brasiliensis Lemos de Castro
from the Caribbean coasts of Panama and Costa Rica. The morphology and color
polymorphism of the Panamanian species are illustrated in detail. Study of all
known species in the genus indicated the existence of at least four and probably
five distinct species in the New World. A key to these species is presented.
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11581974-10-01T00:00:00ZGlynn, Peter W; Glynn, Carmen SCyclopoid Copepods Associated with the Coral Genera Favia, Favites, Platygyra, and Merulina in New Caledoniahttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1157
In New Caledonia Cerioxynus n. gen. (Cyclopoida, Liehomolgidae)
contains Cerioxynus faviticolus n. sp. from Favites halicora (Ehrenberg) and Cerioxynus
alatus n. sp. from Favia favus (Forskal), both hosts belonging to the Faviidae. Amardopsis
n. gen. (Lichomolgidae) contains Amardopsis merulinae n. sp. from Merulina
ampliata (Ellis & Solander), a host belonging to the Merulinidae. The lichomolgid
Panjakus platygyrae Humes & Stock, 1973, is recorded from a new host, Platygyra
astreiformis (Milne Edwards & Haime), a coral belonging to the Faviidae.
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11571974-10-01T00:00:00ZHumes, Arthur GRedescription of Anthopleura nigrescens (Coelenterata, Actiniaria) from Hawaiihttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1156
The species of Hawaiian sea anemone described by Verrill (1928)
as Tealiopsis nigrescens is redescribed and referred to the genus Anthopleura.
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11561974-10-01T00:00:00ZDunn, Daphne FautinCapacity for Development of Secondary Manubria in Eutonina indicans Medusae (Hydrozoa)http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1155
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11551974-10-01T00:00:00ZSassaman, ClayBiology of the Polyclad Prosthiostomum (Prosthiostomum) sp., a New Coral Parasite from Hawaiihttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1154
Prosthiostomum (Prosthiostomum) sp., a species of polyclad flatworm
yet to be described, is an obligate ectoparasitic symbiont of the hermatypic
coral Montipora. Field and laboratory studies have demonstrated an intimate
parasite/host association involving the utilization of host corals as food and substrate
by the parasite. Development of larvae is within the immediate host environment;
consequently, infections are produced through direct infection.
Various aspects of the biology, such as the developmental history, feeding habits,
and parasite/host response to thermal environment, are reported. It is concluded that
all aspects of the life history of this species show adaptations toward host specificity.
This represents a rare example of true coral parasitism since most animals known to
feed on coral tissues are considered to be facultative predators. The optimal thermal
environment for the parasite appears to coincide with that of the coral host, a
phenomenon which may tend to produce a seasonally stable parasite/host interaction.
The parasite appears to become a serious coral pest only in disrupted
systems such as artificial laboratory situations or in the polluted sections of
Kaneohe Bay, Oahu.
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11541974-10-01T00:00:00ZJokiel, Paul L; Townsley, Sidney JSipunculid Burrows in Coral Reefs: Evidence for Chemical and Mechanical Excavationhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1153
The crystalline structure of sipunculid burrow linings from dead
coral as studied with the scanning electron microscope indicates the presence of
etching similar to that produced by treatment of unmodified coral surfaces with
acid, and with EDTA. Initial biochemical activity appears to weaken intercrystalline
bonds, permitting detachment of crystals by mechanical abrasion and
subsequent deposition of their fragments in spaces between corallite walls.
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11531974-10-01T00:00:00ZWilliams, JA; Margolis, SV28:4 Table of Contents - Pacific Sciencehttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1152
Tue, 01 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11521974-10-01T00:00:00ZRevision of the Genus Pandanus Stickman. Part 37 Pandanus on Aldabra Island, Indian Oceanhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1150
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11501974-01-01T00:00:00ZSt. John, HaroldRevision of the Genus Pandanus Stickman. Part 36 The New Section Asperi from Indomalayahttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1149
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11491974-01-01T00:00:00ZSt. John, HaroldThe Frequency of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in the Roots of Camellia japonica L. from Different Sites in New Zealandhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1148
The development of short roots and the frequency of
vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in Camellia japonica L. were investigated
in different localities in New Zealand. Mycorrhizal short roots were best
developed at a depth of 5 to 15 cm. The average number of root hairs per
centimeter of root length ranged from 80 to 120. The highest frequency of
vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae was found in the short roots with diameters
of 1.4 to 2.0 mm. Typical vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae were found in the
short roots of Camellia japonica L. Spores of Endogone occurred in the
rhizosphere of mycorrhizal roots.
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11481974-01-01T00:00:00ZMejstrik, VEvidence for the Elevation to Family Status of the Angelfishes (Pomacanthidae), Previously Considered to be a Subfamily of the Butterflyfish Family, Chaetodontidaehttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1147
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11471974-01-01T00:00:00ZBurgess, Warren EThe Barnacles of Fiji, with Observations on the Ecology of Barnacles on Tropical Shoreshttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1146
Twenty species of barnacles are now known from Fiji as a
result of recent collecting. The barnacle fauna has Malaysian affinities, but
there are no endemic species. Brief descriptions and notes on habitats are
given. The effects of erosion on the shell are described for the common
intertidal species.
The distribution patterns of the common intertidal species, except for those
of the coral-boring barnacles, are described; and from these the influence of
environmental factors on barnacle distribution is inferred. By determining
upper lethal temperatures, recording a few environmental temperatures, and
comparing these with similar information on temperate barnacles and shores,
I have concluded that high temperatures could be a deterrent to the existence
of large numbers of barnacles on sun-exposed surfaces of tropical shores. In
shaded conditions barnacles can, however, occupy most of the available
surface.
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11461974-01-01T00:00:00ZFoster, BASome Aspects of the Biology, Population Dynamics, and Functional Morphology of Musculista senhausia Benson (Bivalvia, Mytilidae)http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1145
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11451974-01-01T00:00:00ZMorton, BrianEffects of Heated Effluent on Hermatypic Corals at Kahe Point, Oahuhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1144
The effect of thermal enrichment on hermatypic corals was
investigated at Kahe Point, Oahu, Hawaii. The reef off the Kahe Power Plant
was surveyed before and after an increase in thermal discharge that accompanied
plant expansion. Abundances of dead and damaged corals correlated
strongly with proximity to plant discharge and with levels of thermal enrichment.
Nearly all corals in water 4° to 5° C above ambient were dead. In areas
characterized by temperature increases from 2° to 4° C, the corals lost zooxanthellar
pigment and suffered high mortality rates. Damage to the corals was
most severe in late summer, and coincided with annual ambient temperature
maxima. During the winter months the surviving corals slowly regained
zooxanthellar pigment, but there was high mortality of corals during the
recovery period. When generating capacity of the plant was increased from
270 to 360 megawatts, the area of dead and damaged corals increased from
0.38 hectare (0.94 acre) to 0.71 hectare (1.76 acre).
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11441974-01-01T00:00:00ZJokiel, Paul L; Coles, Stephen L28:1 Table of Contents - Pacific Sciencehttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1142
Tue, 01 Jan 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/11421974-01-01T00:00:00ZCoral Communities on a Seaward Reef Slope, Fanning Islandhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/898
The coral community on a 1 x 100 meter long vertical section of the
leeward ocean reef slope at Fanning Island was quantitatively investigated with
SCUBA and a quadrat transect technique. Forty-seven species of corals were noted,
and coral cover averaged over 60 percent on the transect. Common coral species
were restricted to certain depth regimes, which resulted in pronounced vertical
zonation. The community as a whole could be objectively divided into three assemblages
with respect to depth. The deepest assemblage (30 to 35 m) was characterized
by low coral cover, small average colony size, and high species diversity. Some of the
species were specialized types not found elsewhere on the transect. Environmental
conditions appeared stable with respect to wave action but suboptimal with respect
to light and sediment cover. At intermediate depths (20 to 25 m) the coral assemblage
showed higher cover and larger average colony size, but lower diversity
values due to dominance by a few species. Environmental conditions appeared to
be both optimal and stable, with biological interactions determining the nature
of the assemblage. At shallow depths (8 to 15 m) the assemblage showed slightly
lower cover, moderately higher diversity, and moderately smaller average colony
size. Wave action may periodically disrupt the environment, which is otherwise
optimal for coral development. In the shallowest environments near shore
reef substrates are dominated by coralline algae, and corals are rare. Environmental
conditions are probably both suboptimal and unstable, resulting in the
inhibition of coral development. The structure and probable factors controlling
the structure of the Fanning coral community are similar to those of other reef slope
communities recently studied, particularly those in the Red Sea.
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8981974-07-01T00:00:00ZMaragos, JEEcological Aspects of the Distributions of Fishes at Fanning Islandhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/900
The nearshore marine environment of Fanning Island (30 55' N,
159 23' W) was subjectively partitioned into seven habitats which are briefly
described. Efforts were made to sample in each in order to obtain as complete as
possible a record of the fish species present. Observations were made underwater
by skin and SCUBA diving during July-August 1972, and April 1973; 214 species
of fishes (96 genera in 37 families) were seen. Tables provide semiquantitative
abundance estimates for each species in every habitat, and a list of characteristic
species associated with various substrates within the habitats. Semiquantitative
abundance estimates were used to generate diversity estimates and two measures of
faunal resemblance for the habitats taken two at a time. Relationships between the
faunas of the different habitats were used to generate hypotheses about ecological
relationships between habitats. It is argued that strong surge and tidal currents
strongly influence the distributions of Fanning Island fishes, separating outer reef
fishes from lagoon fishes by a rich zone associated with the English Harbor channel.
Our observations include the addition of 57 species to the Line Islands fish fauna.
Their zoogeographical affinities support an earlier determination of a central
Pacific character for the Line Islands fishes.
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/9001974-07-01T00:00:00ZChave, EH; Eckert, DBGroundwater and Nearshore Hyposaline Conditions at Fanning Island during a Period of Higher than Normal Rainfallhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/901
Exceptionally high rainfall levels accompanying instability of the
Intertropical Convergence Zone in 1972 greatly expanded the freshwater realm on
Fanning Island. Changes in the head of the groundwater body (a Ghyben-Herzberg
aquifer), as measured at frequent intervals in 11 wells, revealed variations in sediment
permeabilities but proved an unsuccessful technique for determining amounts
of freshwater discharge into inlets along the lagoon shore. The aquifer was found to
store freshwater and then maintain reduced salinities in the inlets long after an
initial salinity depression during a period of precipitation. The spatial and temporal
distribution of salinities in the inlets closely resembled those of an estuary. However,
the factors contributing to salinity fluctuations in each inlet are sufficiently
complex and show both regular and irregular patterns of temporal variation, so
that the inlets constitute highly unpredictable environments. The biological
implications of this unpredictability are deemed interesting because of the close
proximity to the predictable and reasonably stable environments of the shallow-water
lagoon reefs.
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/9011974-07-01T00:00:00ZGuinther, Eric BMolluscan Distribution Patterns in Fanning Island Lagoon and a Comparison of the Mollusks of the Lagoon and the Seaward Reefshttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/899
Lagoon molluscan assemblages at Fanning Island are described in
terms of three topographical areas: the lagoon reef flat, the patch reefs, and the
lagoon floor. Among the large mollusks, Clypeomorus brevis, Rhinoclavis asper, Pupa
sulcata, Pyramidella sp., and two bivalves, Fragum fragum and Tellina robusta, are the
principal components of the fauna of the reef flat; Cypraea moneta and Trochus histrio
are the dominant epifaunal mollusks of rubble on patch reefs; and sessile bivalves,
Cardita variegata, Electroma sp., Ostrea sandvichensis, and Tridacna maxima, are associated
with coral. The micromolluscan assemblages of the lagoon reef flat are dominated
by Tricolia variabilis, and patch reef and lagoon floor assemblages by Diala flammea.
Obtortio sulcifera is the second most abundant mollusk on the patch reefs and
O. pupoides the second most abundant mollusk on the lagoon floor. The patch reef
and lagoon floor assemblages are distinguishable into assemblages associated with
turbid water and clear water areas of the lagoon. Standing crops of micromollusks
are greatest on the windward or southeastern periphery of the lagoon reef flat.
The lagoon mollusks are distinguished from the seaward reef mollusks in terms
of species composition, modes of life, and feeding habits. The lagoon assemblages
are predominantly herbivores and suspension feeders among the macrofauna, and
are epifaunal herbivores among the microfauna. The seaward reef macrofauna is
dominated by carnivores and herbivores, and the microfauna by faunal grazers.
Standing crops of seaward reef micromollusks are less than those in the lagoon
and the species diversity index is higher.
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8991974-07-01T00:00:00ZKay, E Alison; Switzer, Marilyn FReef Corals of Fanning Islandhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/897
Recent surveys indicate that the diversity of reef corals at Fanning
Island is greater than previously estimated. Most of the approximately 70 species
belonging to 32 genera and subgenera typically are found in one of three environments.
A turbid lagoon fauna has high abundance but lower diversity of predominantly
branching forms. The clear lagoon coral fauna has both high abundance
and diversity of predominantly massive and encrusting corals. The greatest
number of species and forms of corals are found on the leeward ocean reefs. The
abundance and diversity of corals along windward reef slopes are controlled by
wave action. Although Fanning and others of the Line Islands presently contain
the greatest generic diversity of corals of any island group in the central and
eastern Pacific, diversity is considerably less than that reported for island groups
in the western Pacific. Geographic isolation appears to be the most plausible factor
accounting for reduced coral diversity in the Line Islands. The reef coral fauna is
more nearly comparable with that of island groups south and west than to those of
the north (Hawaii).
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8971974-07-01T00:00:00ZMaragos, JEThe Vascular Flora of Fanning Island, Line Islands, Pacific Oceanhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/902
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/9021974-07-01T00:00:00ZSt. John, HaroldProcesses of Carbon Dioxide Flux in the Fanning Island Lagoonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/896
Carbon dioxide follows a variety of transfer pathways through
marine systems, and a budget of CO2 can be used to enumerate those pathways. In
a coral reef system, the biogeochemical pathways of organic carbon production-consumption
and calcification are likely to be prominent. We measured the temperature,
salinity, pH, and total alkalinity of about 400 water samples to describe
the CO2 budget of the lagoon at Fanning Island, Line Islands, during July and
August 1972.
Mean lagoon salinity was about 31.5 %, or 3.3 % below the open ocean salinity
there, as a result of heavy rainfall and groundwater seepage. This salinity depression,
together with data on rainfall and tides, was used to calculate a mean lagoon water
residence time of about 1 month.
The CO2 budget of the lagoon water can be described in terms of processes
altering the ocean water composition. Gas exchange accounted for a netCO2 evasion
of less than 1.4 moles m-2 month-1. Freshwater dilution lowered the CO2 content by
about 0.5 moles m-2 month-1. Calcification lowered CO2 by 0.9 moles m-2 month-1;
and CO2 changes attributable to organic carbon transfer lay between - 0.1 and
+1.3 moles m-2 month-1.
Net organic carbon transfer in the lagoon is near zero, suggesting a close
balance between organic carbon production and consumption. Calcification is about
1 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 , much lower than the rate which can be estimated from the
standing crop and expected growth rate of corals there. It seems possible that the
CO2 system of Fanning Lagoon, and perhaps that of other coral reefs as well, may
be potentially limiting to biological activity.
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8961974-07-01T00:00:00ZSmith, SV; Pesret, FThe Flood-Tide Jet in Fanning Island Lagoonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/895
The flood-tide jet entering Fanning Island Lagoon is described and
is shown to be effective in promoting exchange between lagoon and ocean water.
The residence time of lagoon water must thus be substantially less than the maximum
of 11 months suggested by earlier studies. The bathymetry of the lagoon area
subject to the jet is described.
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8951974-07-01T00:00:00ZStroup, Edward D; Meyers, Gary AFanning Island: Editor's Notehttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/894
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8941974-07-01T00:00:00ZKay, E Alison28:3 Table of Contents - Pacific Sciencehttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/893
Mon, 01 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8931974-07-01T00:00:00ZGeophysical Observations between Hawaii and Australiahttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/892
A 3.5 kHz high resolution profiling system and a sparker seismic
system were utilized along a geophysical traverse from Hawaii to Australia. The
delineated sediments range from a total lack of sediment cover on the axis of Woodlark
Basin spreading center to a thick pile of biogenic debris beneath the equatorial
high productivity zone. The calcareous oozes of the western Darwin Rise and Solomon
Rise, the interbedded clays, silts, and volcanic debris of the Hawaiian Arch,
and local sediment pockets near topographic highs are discerned by the 3.5 kHz
energy source as stratified. The nonfossiliferous deep-sea lutites (red clays) and
siliceous oozes in the deeper portion of the central Pacific appear as acoustically
transparent sediments. Erosion and redeposition of sediments either in the recent
past or at the present time are apparent on the Hawaiian Arch, near the Line
Islands, in the central Pacific from 160° to 175° E, between the 2,300 and 2,400 m
isobath on the Solomon Rise and along the 4,000 m isobath in the Coral Sea.
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8921974-04-01T00:00:00ZJohnson, GL; Egloff, J; Hemler, LGSoil Algae of Eniwetok Atoll, the Marshall Islandshttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/891
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8911974-04-01T00:00:00ZArvik, Jon H; Willson, Dan LActiniogeton sesere (Coelenterata, Actiniaria) in Hawaiihttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/890
A species of sea anemone found in shallow water areas of southern
Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, but never before reported from Hawaii, is described. It is
identified as Actiniogeton sesere, previously recorded and described from the Torres
Straits (Haddon and Shackleton 1893).
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8901974-04-01T00:00:00ZDunn, Daphne FautinRadianthus papillosa (Coelenterata, Actiniaria) Redescribed from Hawaiihttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/889
The shallow water sea anemone that was described by Verrill (1928)
as Macranthea cookei from specimens collected in Hawaii is redescribed and synonymized
with Radianthus papillosa, first described by Kwietniewski (1898) as Stichodactis
papillosa from Ambon.
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8891974-04-01T00:00:00ZDunn, Daphne FautinEuchaeta marina (Prestandrea) (Copepoda, Calanoida) and Two Closely Related New Species from the Pacifichttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/888
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8881974-04-01T00:00:00ZBradford, Janet MThe Echinoids of Easter Island (Rapa Nui)http://hdl.handle.net/10125/887
The known echinoid fauna of Easter Island now comprises seven
species. Four of them, Tripneustes gratilla, Echinostrephus sp., Clypeaster reticulatus,
and Brissus agassizii are reported here from Easter Island for the first time, Tripneustes
gratilla apparently being represented by a previously unknown variant. The
value of the pedicellariae and the heavily plated peristome as specific differences in
the genus Tripneustes is questioned. Comparison of Easter Island material with
specimens from other parts of the Pacific supports the synonymy of Brissus meridionalis
with Brissus agassizii. One of the previously reported species, Echinometra
insularis, is herein restricted to Easter Island, reports of its occurrence elsewhere
being based upon erroneous identifications. The reported occurrence of Diadema
mexicanum at Easter Island is discounted.
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8871974-04-01T00:00:00ZFell, F JulianEffect of Elevated Temperature on the Metabolic Activity of the Coral Reef Asteroid Acanthaster planci (L.)http://hdl.handle.net/10125/886
Standard rate of oxygen uptake in the coral reef asteroid Acanthaster
planci(L.) was determined for the temperature range of 25° to 33° C and a metabolic
rate-temperature (M-T) curve was drawn. Acanthaster planci is a metabolic conformer.
The rate of oxygen uptake increased with increase of temperature to 31 ° C.
The rate decreased at 33° C, which is slightly above the ambient temperature for
the laboratory-reared Acanthaster planci tested. The decrease indicates a disturbance
in the metabolic activity due to the elevated temperature. The incipient thermal
death point for the asteroid was estimated to be near 33° C, at which temperature
the animals did not maintain a normal behavior in feeding and resting cycles.
Increasing modification in thermal conditions by human activity would pose a
hazard to the maintenance of coral reef communities if Acanthaster planci represents
metabolic conformer invertebrates with narrow tolerance to elevated temperature.
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8861974-04-01T00:00:00ZYamaguchi, MasashiGrowth of Juvenile Acanthaster planci (L.) in the Laboratoryhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/885
Seven juvenile Acanthaster planci were reared from fertilized eggs to
sexual maturity in 18 to 21 months in the laboratory. Four-month-old juveniles,
about 8 mm in total diameter, began to transform into coral predators from the
prior herbivore stage that fed on encrusting coralline algae. The transition period
lasted for about 1 month. Many juveniles were injured by coral polyps, which had
been offered as food, shortly after the transitional period. Except for severely
injured ones, all the coral-feeding juveniles grew steadily after recovering from the
injuries and, when the animals were well fed, their growth curve was sigmoid.
Mean growth coefficient for the early coral-feeding juveniles, growing exponentially,
was nearly half that of the previous algae-feeding stage, and the coefficient
value reduced rapidly as the juvenile grew near to maturity. Acropora nasuta
and Pocillopora damicornis both sustained full growth of juveniles. However, the
juvenile Acanthaster killed about twice as much coral mass of Acropora nasuta
as of Pocillopora damicornis to gain the same amount of weight.
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8851974-04-01T00:00:00ZYamaguchi, MasashiGeographic Variation in the Central Pacific Halfbeak, Hyporhamphus acutus (Gunther)http://hdl.handle.net/10125/884
Hyporhamphus acutus (Gunther) is distinguished from other Central
Pacific species of Hyporhamphus by its long upper jaw, long anal fin base (longer than
dorsal base), and shape of its preorbital lateral line canal. Two subspecies are
recognized: Hyporhamphus acutus acutus (Gunther) with fewer vertebrae and fin rays
inhabits the chain of islands from Wake Island and the Marshall Islands in the
northwest to the Tuamotu Archipelago and Easter Island in the southeast;
Hyporhamphus acutus paciftcus (Steindachner) with more vertebrae and fin rays is
found in the Hawaiian Islands and at Johnston Island. Hemiramphus furcatus
Philippi from Easter Island and Odontorhamphus chancellori Weed from the Cook
Islands are placed in the synonymy of Hyporhamphus acutus acutus.
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8841974-04-01T00:00:00ZCollette, Bruce BThe Ophidioid Fish Genus Luciobrotula in the Hawaiian Islandshttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/883
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8831974-04-01T00:00:00ZCohen, Daniel MStethojulis axillaris, a Junior Synonym of the Hawaiian Labrid Fish Stethojulis balteata, with a Key to the Species of the Genushttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/882
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8821974-04-01T00:00:00ZRandall, John E; Kay, John C28:2 Table of Contents - Pacific Sciencehttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/881
Mon, 01 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/8811974-04-01T00:00:00Z