LEFT and RIGHT both the function provide part of the parameter according to provided length. For example we have taken 3 characters from Left of "Rajat" which is "Raj" and with RIGHT function we got 2 letters from Right which is "AT"

For example:-

DECLARE @Name AS VARCHAR(100) = ‘Rajat’

SELECT LEFT (@name,3) AS LeftFunction SELECT RIGHT(@Name,2) As RightFunction

4) LOWER & UPPER :-

By The name it is clear that you can change case of provided string parameter.

For example DECLARE @Name AS VARCHAR(100) = ‘I am Rajat Jaiswal.’

SELECT LOWER(@Name) AS LowerCase SELECT UPPER(@Name) AS UpperCase

5) CONCAT :-

This is a new function introduce in latest versions. It concatenating all the provided parameters. The best part is it handle NULL value also.

As shown in below figure we are concating FirstName, LastName, MiddleName in a new column name FullName.

and if you see below figure you will find the MiddleName have some null values also but we did not do anything for that concate function handle it himself.