Nursing102-Exam5

Gout is a kind of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in the joints.Acute gout is a painful condition that typically affects one joint.Chronic gout is repeated episodes of pain and inflammation, which may involve more than one joint.

Elevation Pallor

pallor or blanching of the foot in response to leg elevation

Dependent Rubor

reactive hyperemia (redness) is observed when limb is hung in a dependent position

strong relationship between tobacco use and illness; only occurs in smokers; when smoking stops, disease improves

avoid nicotine replacement products; same vasodilating effects

Raynaud's Phenomenon

episodic vasospastic disorder of the small cutaneous arteries most frequently involving the fingers and toes

causes color changes of the fingers, toes, ears and nose (white, blue, and red); decreased perfusion due to arteriole vasospasm results in pallor (white; then digits appear cyanotic (blue) and followed by rubor (red) caused by hyperemic response that occurs when perfusion restored

client c/o coldness and numbness followed by throbbing, aching pain, tingling and swelling; may last minutes to hours

brought on by cold, emotional upset, caffeine, tobacco use or vibratory tools

Grade 4: Muscle strength is reduced but muscle contraction can still move joint against resistance.

Grade 3: Muscle strength is further reduced such that the joint can be moved only against gravity with the examiner's resistance completely removed. As an example, the elbow can be moved from full extension to full flexion starting with the arm hanging down at the side.

Grade 2: Muscle can move only if the resistance of gravity is removed. As an example, the elbow can be fully flexed only if the arm is maintained in a horizontal plane.

Grade 1: Only a trace or flicker of movement is seen or felt in the muscle or fasciculations are observed in the muscle.