A Insects are the largest
group in the animal kingdom and there ' — A are ahoutl million (but could be much more) living species. 132,» *7‘ They are divided into 29 groups or orders. I » ' I ; I. ’ 4 ‘I ‘ ~ 4'] ’/ 1 ‘E; ,. ‘ . y ‘ -. A ' a V I I I » _ ‘ I > 5 L’ _ ‘I V . F ‘ ~ ABOUT INSECTS , . “SW5

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Z I- D O M 4 They undergo either an incomplete (3-stage) or a complete (4-stage) metamorphosis. metarmrlnsis : (in an insector amphibian) tie prurzss oi transformirg fmm an immature form to an adult form in tin or more oistinctstqes

TYPES OF INSECTS . }y
Bees are also known for their role in the / ' B . . . / »/4,2‘. pollination of plants, which enables / I them to fertilize and reproduce. .', -f I : __ ‘ ygmrztlepromsslrywhichynlbnistranslerredlrom i: E ‘I 1 I tleantber(malepart)totlestgma(lemaIepart)olalhwer.

TYPES OF INSECTS . '-'.
LL“. '.'. ‘H. ' LL*‘. l;Ll‘. ’T. ":' They are stinging insects and therefore keenly avoided by many people because a bee sting can be quite painful! I’ ‘ I I . . I g I I : BEE ’

TYPES GE INSECTS u_-w:13.: on
Houseflies belong to a family of flies known as Muscidae, which contains about 4,000 species. They are the most common among _ r all household flies. _

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“ WINCED INSECTS "‘vI: -.- These fierce insects are predatory and eat other small insects. Larger species have been known to prey on other animalslike scorpions, lizards, frogs and even birds. l gg‘gl:2ll'| ll, -.7ll| llilTtllllnlflilllllillllll

INIGED IN. $E¢_TS' Garden pes
s like aphids and grasshoppers often feed on and destroy the plants grown in gardens. When praying mantises are TYPES OF INSECTS put into the gardens, they start eating up all these pests.

W A TER S U
RF A«(‘E : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11 TYPES OF INSECTS AQUATIC INSECTS I v’ To breathe, some aquatic insects like Water S ‘ Sticks have breathing tubes that extend to the surface of the water to take in air.

x J A llthers, such
as the great diving beetles, breathe through air bubbles which they trap and carry with them while they submerge underwater. llnce the oxygen in the bubble is used up, they have to re- surface for new ones.

TYPES GE INSECTS AQUATIC INSECTS
An adult dragonfly is a true master of flight, capable of moving vertically up or down, flying backwards, stopping and hovering in mid-air, and doing all of these at full speed or in slow motion!

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, .1. l / J‘. I ' "' . ,, ' -(. ~ t . _ @l73[S@@l? ’llED, . V, Dragonflies can be easily confused with damselflies, which look almostidentical. g J, r ll To differentiate, look at the position of the wings when the insect is at rest - a dragonf| y’s wings remain open when it is at rest while a damselfly’s wings are folded.

SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS . F All
mammals are warm-blooded, capable of producing their own body heat and maintainingtheir body temperature. No matter how much the temperature of the surrounding changes, their body temperature remains pretty muohtheesame. nraintainig zeausirg a mndithn to eontim:

.g‘ . , “ TYPES
OF MAMMALS LAND MAMMALS Chimps, or chimpanzees, are t nimals most closely related to us - the human beings.

TYPES OF MAMMALS LAND MAMMALS
They are highly intelligent animals that have been observed to use and modify tools such as sticks and stones so they can obtain food like nuts, insects and water. They can even use some tools that the humans use.

There are only 2 species
of chimpanzees, and beingthe closest living relatives to humans, they communicate in many ways thatare similarto us - through facial expressions, 1 2:21». “. if. t “ postures, movements, P . =3. touch, as well as g T A " " 3 ’ vocalizations. , “ft. :5 gm-" , .

TYPES OF MAMMAES LAND MAMMALS
Bat wings are supported by modified hand bones and each wing is made of a double layer of skin (called wing membrane) that stretches between the bat's elongated finger bones and attaches to the side of the body and the hind leg.

llnlike mammals such as the
flying lemurs and sugar gliders, which are able to m through air, only bats are capable of true flight. ‘T ‘A

LAND MAMMALS M A33 jiw
MICROBAT .11’. TYPES OF MAMMALS There are close to 1,000 species of bats, divided into 2 main groups - MEGABATS and M| lIRllBATS.

TYPES OF MAMMAES LAND MAMMALS
There are less than 200 species of MEGABATS, which are more commonly known as fruit bats or flying foxes. They are generally large hats that have a dog or fox-like appearance.

TYPES OF MAMMAES LAND MAMMALS
Unlike megabats which rely on sight and smell to navigate and find food, ldllIRllBhT8 use echolocation - producing pulses of high pitched sound and listening for the echoes. Therefore, they often have large, sensitive ears.

They can be divided into
4 main groups: V 2 3- CETACEANS - There are more than 80 species 2 i of cetaceans, including all whales, dolphins and 2 ; porpoises. lietaceans are fully aquatic. "5 § § PINNIPEIJS - These semi-aquatic mammals | >_- form 3 families which contain 33 species, including seals, sea lions and the walrus.

SIRENIANS - Bommonly known as
sea cows, sirenians are fully aquatic and include the manatees and dugongs. There are only 4 species of these herbivores which feed on aquatic plants. FISSIPEDS - This small group describes the carnivorous semi-aquatic mammals, which includes the polar bear and 2 species of sea otter. MARINE MAMMALS V —l < 2 2 < 2 IL o 3 A. )- I-

They lay hard-shelled eggs which
provide a conducive environment for the mm to develop and also enable them to lay their eggs in dry environments (unlike the amphibians, which must lay their eggs in or near . . wate| ')_ mzrmuranle embm : tle develop‘ urgoi an animal irom tie earl’ gas alter cnnoepthn up to irirthor hatchirg

There are a few reptiles
that give birth to their young instead of laying eggs and they include boa constrictors, most vipers, the blue-tongued skink and the Jackson's chameleon. BLUE-TONCUED ""’5" . . , JA<| <soN's (HAMELEON _, .. I -— SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS CONSTRICTOR L T

“Turtle” refers to any reptile
that has a protective hard shell. This shell is actually a part of the turtle’s skeleton, and is formed from flat bones fused with part of the spinal column and the ribs.

Several common names are used
to describe the various groups of turtles and “turtle” itself, is often used to refer to the entire group in general.

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.. -' Snakes consist of over 3,000 species and are divided into more than 20 families.

Most species are found within
these 5 major families: Q ClllllBR| llAE - The largest family of snakes, ; § *‘ with more than 1,900 of individual species. llften referred to as colubrids, almost all of these snakes are non-venomous. BIIIIJAE - This family includes 40 over species that are collectively known as boas. They are non-venomous and rely on their sheer size and strength to kill their prey. v u = ' I- G. In Q an 0 VI In D. )- I-

ELAPIDAE - Also known as
elapids, the family consists of more than 300 venomous species, including cohras, mamhas and coral snakes. PYTHUNIDAE - commonly known as pythons, this family of non-venomous « y snakes contains about 28 species. rm»-p~, ¢, ” 72‘: . '. - C’ if’, if VIPERIDAE - Also referred to as vipers: there are 200 over species of these venomous snakes, including rattlesnakesand copperheads.

The vertebrae of a snake's
backbone are loosely jointed together and this enables them to move with great agﬂy and to wind their bodies into compact coils. vertebrae : each of tile seriesol small lnres lurmirg the backlnn: gljy : the pier of nnvirg quickly and really