This 1861
Harper's Weekly newspaper contains a variety of important news of Civil
War. The paper contains original woodcut illustrations created by
eye-witnesses to these historic events. These pages allow you to see the
events of the Civil War unfold, just as the people of the day saw them.

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(Previous
Page) generally heard in advance the roar of the coming storm of
popular indignation, and have hastened to postpone the gathering sine die. When
they have persevered, the people in overpowering numbers have taken the matter
in hand. The neighborhood has cleaned up its own dirt.
Mr. Davis's agents have been permitted to
depart with a hiss of contempt from the people they would betray into the
enemy's hands. The other day, in Middletown, New Jersey, however, one of these
men was saved from sharp popular punishment only by the aid of the United States
Marshal. The little meeting of traitors he expected to address suddenly turned
into a vast concourse of patriots. Instead of resolving that Jeff Davis, or any
body else who chose, was justified in firing upon the national flag and the
citizens defending it, whenever he pleased, these sons of noble sires in
Monmouth, one of the most sacred of revolutionary names,

" Resolved, That we, the people
of Middletown, in this great crisis of our nation do not recognize any political
parties.

" Resolved, That we consider this
war a traitorous rebellion against constitutional government; and

" Resolved, That we are ready to
support the Administration in carrying on this war, to the extent of our means
in both men and money."

So say you, Gentlemen of
Monmouth; so say all loyal citizens in the land.

TREASON " IN THE COUNTRY."

A FRIEND "in the country"
extenuates the action of the Democratic Committee in this State, in its effort
to maintain a separate party organization in the face of the enemy, on the
ground that at a time like this there is peculiar need of "watchful opposition"
against the possible negligence or corruption in the management of affairs.

But party organization defeats
that very end. Party organization looks only for flaws, seeks only to embarrass,
and treats the defense of the Government as the policy of a party. That is
precisely the political hope of " party" in this State to-day. It aims to
represent the action of the Administration as an effort to maintain the Chicago
platform. Its speakers and papers, where they are not hushed, denounce the
Administration as undermining or transcending the Constitution. The " party"
action in this State follows the lead of Breckinridge and Vallandigham in
Congress ; and complacently shuts its eyes to the treason of Davis, while it
opens them wide with horror at what is called the unconstitutional or
extra-constitutional policy of the President.

This Government is to be defended
and saved by this Administration, or not at all. The whole body of loyal
citizens in the country, therefore, are those who are most interested in
detecting and denouncing the corruption or delay of the Administration. To
endeavor to maintain an ancient party organization for that purpose is palpably
to aid the enemy.

The personal and private
characters of gentlemen in the position of chairmen of political committees are,
of course, not discussed in these columns. But their political character and
actions are ; at least in these times when the interest of public affairs
absorbs all other. We have no hesitation then in saying that the course of Mr.
Dean Richmond and his sympathizers is a purely partisan and not a patriotic
course ; that it looks to the dominance of their party, and not to the
unconditional maintenance of the Government ; nor can any sensible. man forget
that the leaders of the rebellion, both in the late Administration and at the
South, were fellow-partisans of the managers who are now trying to manipulate
the demand of unconditional, into conditional, surrender of the rebels.

Mr. Richmond insists, in his
call, that the vigorous prosecution of the war shall be accompanied with " the
most liberal proffers of peace." What does that mean? The Government is
suppressing an insurrection. When the rebels surrender, peace is of course
restored. Does Mr. Richmond mean that they are to have peace before they
surrender ? He insinuates that the Government have some unfair ulterior purpose.
Is that called patriotism "in the country ?"

He invites all " who seek the
restoration of the Union by extending equal justice to all the States" to come
to his convention. He means by that that the Government intends unequal justice
to some States, or the remark would be nonsense. Is that called patriotism at
this time " in the country ?"

He says that those who think
sectionalism at the North, etc., has caused the war, may come to his convention.
But is there any body in the land who does not know that this war springs from
the defeat of the effort of Southern politicians to extend the dominion of
slavery throughout the country? And could there be a more absolute Southern
sectionalism ? Does such a call tend to unite public opinion heartily, and is
that also called patriotism "in the country ?"

THE IRISH AND THE WAR.

THANKS to their bravery and
endurance, and thanks also to the warm Irish heart and loud Irish tongue, the "
Sixty-Ninth" have justly received a full mare of the laurels which fall to those
who fought well, even if at last defeated, at
Bull Run. The return of the regiment was a
festival. The unflagging ardor of the soldiers sends almost all of them, and
still other regiments of their countrymen,

back to the field. They have
fought well. They always fought well. Wellington knew it and said it in Spain.
They have well served the country they have so wisely chosen, and of whose
eclectic nationality their race will form a part.

They have had a festival of their
own for the relief of the widows and orphans of the Sixty-Ninth, at Jones's
Wood. The day was beautiful: the place was charming : the crowd was immense.
There are said to have been seventy thousand persons on the grounds. Captain
Thomas Francis Meagher was the orator, and his words fell upon the huge mass of
people like sparks upon tinder. The crowd blazed with enthusiasm. The orator was
never more florid, fiery, and felicitous : and of all the speeches he has made
in this country none is so truly direct and sensible as the one he poured into
the open ears, and eyes, and mouths, and hearts of the great assembly of his
countrymen at Jones's Wood.

Mr. Meagher, and doubtless he
spoke for the vast majority of his countrymen who are American citizens, took
the simplest, most patriotic, and most manly ground. He declared that the
National Government has suffered more from its own patience and magnanimity than
from the desperation and preparation and ability of the conspiracy. He asserted
that "the masked conspirators of the North" are more criminal than the armed
rebels of the South. He avowed himself a Democrat, a man who disagreed with the
political views of the present Administration, but, for himself, he said, " the
honor and glory of the National flag are of infinitely higher value than the
Regency at Albany, the Tammany Wigwam, Mozart Hall, or the Pewter Mug." He said
that all American citizens who hail from Ireland had taken an oath of loyalty
not to New York, nor to Alabama, nor to Massachusetts, nor to Florida or Kansas,
not to any State, but to all the States. He did not spare the aristocracy of
England, whose enmity to our Government he thought ought to be reason enough for
every Irishman to defend it to the last ; and Captain Meagher retired amidst
tremendous and enthusiastic cheering.

HUMORS OF THE DAY.

A SCOTCH cattle dealer, at Clones
fair, was asked by a countryman to do him a favor. " You see that woman," said
he, "on the sidewalk. Well, I've offered her five pound ten for her cow, but she
won't sell. Now if you, a stranger, should offer her five pound fifteen, she
would sell, but would not sell to me for that. Will you be kind enough to take
this half-crown and bind the bargain with it; and I will then pay the money and
take the cow." The good-natured cattle dealer effected the purchase as
requested, and then turned to find the countryman ; but the latter was gone. He
was forced to take the cow himself and pay for her, though she was not worth
half the money he had thus bid to oblige the missing countryman. It was
afterward ascertained that the woman was the countryman's wife, and they had
thus managed to sell their cow to good advantage.

A Frenchman, near the Canada
line, in Vermont, sold a horse to his Yankee neighbor, which he recommended as
being a very sound, serviceable animal, in spite of his unprepossessing
appearance. To every inquiry of the buyer respecting the qualities of the horse
the Frenchman gave a favorable reply; but always commenced his commendation with
the deprecatory remark, "He's not look ver good." The Yankee, caring little for
the looks of the horse, of which he could judge for himself without the seller's
assistance, and being fully persuaded, after minute examination, that the beast
was worth the moderate sum asked for him, made his purchase and took him. A few
days afterward he returned to the seller in high dudgeon, and declared that he
had been cheated in the quality of the horse. " Vat is de mattaire ?" said the
Frenchman. "Matter!" said the Yankee, "matter enough—the horse can't see! He is
as blind as a bat!" "Ah," said the Frenchman, " vat I vas tell you? I vas tell
you he vas not look ver good—be gar, I don't know if he look at all !"

"I say, Samba, can you answer dis
conunderfum : suppose I gib you a bottle of whisky shut wid a cork; how would
you get the whisky out without pullin' de cork or breakin' de bottle?" "I gives
dat up." " Why, push de cork in. Yah, yah !"

He who travels through life in
the hope of jumping into the shoes of another mostly goes on a bootless errand.

"Halloo, Sam, so you've got to
work again?" "No, Jim—nare a job yet!" replied Sam. "Then what are you doing
filing saws?" "Filing saws, Jim? Why, I ain't been filing any thing!" "What was
you doing a minute ago as I come in?" " Nothing, only sitting here and singing."
" Singing? Was you singing?" " Yes." "Oh, that's it, then," replied Jim, with an
innocent air, "I thought you was filing a saw."

A teacher of music was once
instructing Mademoiselle Desmatius in the part of Medea; but the latter sung
without expression, and infused into her music little of the emotion it called
for. In the third act of the opera occurs a passage where Medea, abandoned by
her lover, gives way to the expression of her anguish. After several lessons
upon this passage, the teacher said to the scholar, "Give way to your feelings !
Put yourself in the place of the betrayed woman! If you were forsaken by a man
whom you loved passionately, what would you do ?" "Why, I should get another
lover as soon as possible." "If that is the case, we are both losing our time
here," answered the teacher.

There are three kinds of men in
this world — the "Wills," the " Wonts," and the "Cants." The former effect every
thing, the other oppose every thing, and the latter fail in every thing.

A couple of sailors were recently
arrested in Plymouth for throwing buckets of tar over each other. It was a
pitch-battle.

King Alcohol falls when his
advocates attempt to support him, and they fall when he attempts to support
them.

"I'm getting fat," as the thief
said when he was stealing lard.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.

GENERAL FREMONT'S PROCLAMATION.

THE following Proclamation was
issued on 31st ult., at St. Louis:

"HEAD-QUARTERS OF THE WESTERN
DEPARTMENT,

"ST LOUIS, August 31, 1861.

"Circumstances, in my judgment of
sufficient urgency, render it necessary that the Commanding General of this
Department should assume the administrative powers of the State. Its
disorganized condition, the helplessness of the civil authority, the total
insecurity of life, and the devastation of property by bands of murderers and
marauders who infest nearly every county in the State and avail themselves of
the public misfortunes and the vicinity of a hostile force to gratify private
and neighborhood vengeance, and who find an enemy wherever they find plunder,
finally demand the severest measures to repress the daily increasing crimes and
outrages which are driving off the inhabitants and ruining the State. In this
condition the public safety and the success of our arms require unity of
purpose, without let or hindrance, to the prompt administration of affairs.

"In order, therefore, to suppress
disorders, to maintain as far as now practicable the public peace, and to give
security and protection to the persons and property of loyal citizens, I do
hereby extend, and declare established, martial law throughout the State of
Missouri. The lines of the army of occupation in this State are for the present
declared to extend from Leavenworth by way of the posts of Jefferson City,
Rolla, and Ironton, to Cape Giradeau on the
Mississippi River.

"All persons who shall be taken
with arms in their hands within these lines shall be tried by court-martial,
and, if found guilty, will be shot. The property, real and personal, of all
persons in the State of Missouri who shall take up arms against the United
States, and who shall be directly proven to have taken active part with their
enemies in the field, is declared to be confiscated to the public use; and their
slaves, if any they have, are hereby declared free.

" All persons who shall be proven
to have destroyed, after the publication of this order, railroad tracks,
bridges, or telegraphs, shall suffer the extreme penalty of the law.

" All persons engaged in
treasonable correspondence, in giving or procuring aid to the enemies of the
United States, in disturbing the public tranquillity by creating and circulating
false reports or incendiary documents, are in their own interest warned that
they are exposing themselves.

"All persons who have been led
away from their allegiance are required to return to their homes forthwith; any
such absence without sufficient cause will be held to be presumptive evidence
against them.

"The object of this declaration
is to place in the hands of the military authorities the power to give
instantaneous effect to existing laws, and to supply such deficiencies as the
conditions of war demand. But it is not intended to suspend the ordinary
tribunals of the country, where the law will be administered by the civil
officers in the usual manner and with their customary authority, while the same
can be peaceably exercised.

" The Commanding General will
labor vigilantly for the public welfare, and in his efforts for their safety
hopes to obtain not only the acquiescence, but the active support of the people
of the country.

It is stated positively that
Ben McCulloch is marching on Jefferson City with ten thousand men, and warm work is
anticipated shortly. It is believed that the Union forces are well disposed to
repel such an attack as this is reported to be. There are 12,000 of our forces
at
Cairo and Bird's Point ; 4000 at Cape Girardeau ; 8000 near Ironton; 5000 at Sulphur Spring ; 5000 at Jefferson City, Lexington, and Kansas City ; 7000 at
Rolla; and 20,000 to 30,000 at St. Louis.

TRAVEL STOPPED AT ST. LOUIS.

Following the declaration of
martial law in Missouri by
General Fremont, Provost-Marshal M'Kinstry has issued
an order forbidding any person passing beyond the limits of St. Louis without a
special permit from his office; and railroad, steamboat, ferry, and other agents
are prohibited from selling tickets to any one not holding a proper pass.
Communication with the enemy is thus rendered somewhat difficult.

The neighborhood of Fortress
Monroe appears to be the scene of much naval activity in the absence of
important military movements in that direction. A small rebel tugboat, mounted
with rifled cannon, ran out from
Norfolk the other morning to within two miles
and a half of
Newport News, and fired twenty-three shots at the United States
frigate Savannah without doing any damage. As soon as the guns of the frigate
were brought to bear on her she ran out of range, and fired two shells, one at
the Seminole, and another in the direction of the Rip-Raps, after which she got
under cover at Sewall's Point.

ROSECRANS ALL RIGHT.

The War Department has received
dispatches from
General Rosecrans which set at rest all doubts as to his safety.
He expresses his confidence in being able to hold his position against any force
which the rebel leaders are likely to send against him.

EXCITEMENT AT WHEELING.

There was great excitement in
Wheeling, Virginia, on 2lst. A dispatch was received from Fairmount, Marion
County, to the effect that the secessionists in the back country were rising in
great numbers and marching upon the town to burn it and tear up the railroad
track. Wheeling

CHART OF
HATTERAS INLET, SHOWING THE FORTS
AND THE SHIPS DURING THE BOMBARDMENT.

was at once in a state of wild
activity; drums beat, the Home Guard and volunteer citizens hastily prepared to
set out to the aid of their menaced brethren, and in a short time a full train
set off. It was feared that the rising would be extensive, and it was thought
that it had some connection with the plans of
General Lee.

HOW THE REBELS RAISE MONEY.

The Treasury and Tax Act passed
by the rebel Congress for the purpose of raising funds for the prosecution of
the rebellion has just been published in some of the Southern journals, and it
is strongly commended by them. The first section authorizes the issue of
Treasury notes to the amount of $100,000,000, redeemable six months after peace;
and makes them a legal tender in the payment of Government taxes and other
duties, except the export tax on cotton. The second section provides for the
issue of $100,000,000 of Confederate bonds, payable in twenty years. These bonds
are to be sold in effect only for specie or military stores or foreign bills of
exchange. They bear 8 per cent. interest, and the interest is payable
semi-annually. The third section gives the holders of Treasury notes the option
of exchanging said notes for Confederate bonds whenever they may choose thus to
invest. The fourth section provides a war tax on all persons owning more than
$500, of fifty cents in the hundred dollars. This tax is for the purpose of
supporting the Government and of providing for paying the principal and interest
of the public debt.

SUBMISSION OF EAST TENNESSEE.

The Herald says: "East Tennessee
has at last been forced to succumb to the doctrine of secession, through the
influence of threats and banishments. Thomas A. R. Nelson, who was elected by
the Union men to the United States Congress, gave in just in time to save his
neck from the halter in Richmond; and
Parson Brownlow, with his Knoxville Whig,
stood out until the
bowie-knife was brandished above his head, when he, to save
his property and his family, consented to support the
rebel Zollicoffer and the
traitor Governor Harris. The election on the 1st ult. showed that there were
twenty-six thousand two hundred and thirty-two unconditional Union men in that
section of the State, being a clear majority of eleven thousand over the
secessionists, and we can not think it possible that the sudden change which is
reported to have taken place there has any foundation in sincerity."

REIGN OF TERROR AT MEMPHIS.

The business of impressment is
carried on in Memphis, and a regular press-gang organized. In many cases, says
the Memphis Avalanche, acts of barbarity have been perpetrated, and not
unfrequently have farmers, who were in the city on business, been seized, as
well as heads of families whose wives and children depended entirely upon them
for support. To such an extent has this barbarous practice been carried that the
Council of the city have become alarmed, and appointed a committee to confer
with the Archbishop, Major-General Polk, upon the subject.

SEIZURES UNDER THE CONFISCATING
ACT.

The revenue department of this city displayed an unusual activity on 1st
inst., which created no little surprise among the officials, who were suddenly
ordered to assemble at a given hour for immediate and mysterious service. It was
stated a few days ago that clearances for the port of Matamoras, in Northern
Mexico, were no longer to be granted by the Collector of this port, inasmuch as
goods and provisions for the rebels were being transported there, and thence
transferred across the frontier to the rebel State of Texas. In accordance with
this order the Surveyor of the port seized or put under surveillance no less
than forty-five vessels at the different wharves, loaded with merchandise, and
some of them cleared for Matamoras, while others had obtained clearances for
other ports, but are suspected of being destined for Matamoras, and held upon
that presumption.

ATTEMPTED SECESSION MEETING IN
JERSEY.

The attempt last week to hold a meeting for Compromise and Peace, was
frustrated by the uprising of the indignant communities of Middletown, Keyport,
Red Bank, and the region round about, who organized a large mass meeting at
Middletown, and passed a series of patriotic resolutions. Mr. Silas B. Dutcher,
of this city, was present by invitation, and delivered a stirring speech, which
was received with wonderful enthusiasm. Mr. Thomas Dunn English, who had
purposed addressing the White-Feather fraternity, was roughly handled by the
crowd, and had to be locked up by United States Marshal Deacon to save him from
lynching. Not less than 2000 of the most respectable citizens of Monmouth were
present, full one-half of whom were of the Democratic party.

FOREIGN NEWS.
ENGLAND.

THE CONFEDERACY NOT TO BE
RECOGNIZED.

THE Government has received
dispatches from
minister Adams, which set at rest, for the present at least, the
question of interference by the British Government in the affairs of the United
States. He does not think any change of policy is intended so long as the
blockade is continued.

COTTON SUPPLY.

The Secretary of the Cotton
Supply Association has given the result of interview with the Viceroy of Egypt,
and his impressions as to the productive capacity of that country. He believes
that the growth of cotton may be increased to an unlimited extent; and that
English capitalists should liberally assist the enterprise. The Nicaraguan
Embassador in London offers it free grant of land in Nicaragua to settlers who
propose to raise cotton.

ITALY.

CIALDINI TO ENTER ROME.

The Independence Belge asserts
that the French Government had ordered General Goyon not to oppose the entrance
of General Cialdini and his troops into the Papal territory should the necessity
of war require it.

MISS HOSMER AT WORK.

A letter from Rome, in the London News, says that Miss
Harriet Hosmer, of whom America is justly proud, has completed her fine colossal statue of Colonel Benton, to be
erected in bronze at St. Louis, when it shall have been
cast by the Munich foundry, to which the mould will soon
be consigned. It also says that Miss Hosmer will be nobly represented at the
great exhibition in London next year by her statute of the " Captive Queen"-Zenobia.

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