Resumo em inglês Nutritional therapy with enteral diets became highly specialized in the last years. This work aims to study the effect of the components of a formulation, namely fiber, calcium and medium-chain triglycerides, for dialysability of minerals. Analysis of multiple variables was done using response surface methodology. The level curve showed that the tertiary interaction MCT-fiber-calcium was the one that presented the highest synergism in the formulation. The proportion of 33% MCT, 25% fiber and 42% calcium, gave the best formulation for availability of magnesium.

Resumo em português Apesar da natural existência de grande oscilação em todos os teores, em uma mesma jazida, das análises expostas na tabela anexa podemos concluir que: 1) as amostras com teor MgO até 3%, representam 52,58% do total das análises; de 3 até 5, 7,62%; de 5 até 10, 6,77%; e acima de 10, 33,05%. 2) com teor em insolúvel até 5%, 54,23%; de 5 até 10, 16,10%; e acima de 10, 27,96%. 3) das análises em que se fez a dosagem do MnO, 47,27% deram resultado negativo. 4) com e (mais) xceção da maior parte dos calcáreos brancos, todos os outros contém carbono grafítico. 5) os calcáreos da zona de Itaiacoca, Município de Ponta Grossa, além da mistura com silicato de magnésio, estão acompanhados de Mg (OH)² em teores variáveis. 6) apesar de algumas amostras de grandes jazidas apresentarem boa pureza, mister se torna um estudo rigoroso e completo das mesmas, de acordo com a finalidade, pois nelas existe grande variação, principalmente quanto ao MgO. 7) em virtude de terem sido as análises feitas em material na sua maioria enviado a este Instituto, as porcentagens calculadas nos itens acima referem-se somente às mesmas, não representando uma média no Estado. Resumo em inglês We may conclude that, in the analyses presented in the enclosed table, besides the natural existence in the same bearing, a great oscillation in every percentage: 1) the samples with quantity in MgO up to 3%, represent 58,59%, of the total analyses; from 3 to 5, 7,62%; from 5 to 10, 6,77%; and above 10, 33,05%. 2) with quantity insoluble up to 5%, 54,23%; from to 10, 16,10%; and above 10, 27, 96%. 3) of the analyses in which the dosage was made of the MnO, 47,27% gave neg (mais) ative result. 4) with the exception of the larger part of the white calcareous, every other one contain graphitic carbon. 5) the calcareous found in the Itaiacoca region, Ponta Grossa County, besides the mixture of magnesium silicate, there an Mg (OH)² in variable quantities. 6) although some samples found in large bearing have presented good purity, it is necessary a complete rigorous study of the samples, according to the purpose, for there exist in them a large variety, mainly in MgO. 7) due to the fact that the analyses were made with material largely send to this Instituto, the percentages figured in the above items refer only to the samples mentioned, and not an average in the State of Paraná..

Resumo em português Procedeu-se a um estudo das curvas de produção de matéria sêca, concentração e absorção de elementos minerais, no feijoeiro. Plantas da variedade Chumbinho opaco, crescendo nas condições de campo, com e sem adubação, foram colhidas em diferentes estádios do ciclo, a partir do florescimento. Dividiram-se as amostras em raiz, haste, fôlha e fruto, submetendo-as à análise quantitativa de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Na planta madura, as sementes foram colhidas e anal (mais) isadas separadamente da vagem. São também discutidos os efeitos provocados pela adubação sôbre aquelas características e a extração de nutrientes do solo pelo feijoeiro, na colheita, levando-se em conta o retôrno ou não dos resíduos de cultura. Os dados oferecem, ainda, indicações quanto à aplicação tardia de nitrogênio no feijoeiro, com base no fato de que uma absorção ativa de nitrogênio pela planta ocorre durante o período critico de crescimento das sementes, quando se intensifica a produção de carbohidratos. Nesta fase, a demanda da planta poderia não ser satisfeita à custa exclusiva do N fixado pelo processo simbiótico. Resumo em inglês The purpose of this investigation was to gain information on the rate of dry matter production and nutrient absorption of bean plants. Samples of fertilized and unfertilized bean plants, grown on «terra-roxa-misturada» type of soil at Campinas and under field conditions, were taken at various stages of growth. They were divided in roots, stems, leaves and fruits and have been analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. At maturity the seeds were separated from the pods and ana (mais) lyzed separately. With the exception of calcium in the leaves, the percentage of all mineral elements tended to reach a maximum in the various plant parts at about blooming and pod-forming stage. The total seeds and pods contained more nitrogen and phosphorus, and less calcium, magnesium and sulphur throughout the season. The percentages of potassium, calcium and magnesium in leaves were higher than in other plant parts. Total sulphur content was higher in the roots than in leaves, stems or pods plus seeds. Nitrogen and potassium were absorbed in greater total amount than phosphorus and other elements. The unfertilized mature plants contained 29 and 23 kg of nitrogen and potassium respectively per hectare. Phosphorus was absorbed in a smaller amount than any other nutrient studied. The maximum absorption rate changed according to the element and was modified by treatment. In fertilized plants the maximum rate of uptake of calcium and magnesium from the soil ocurred during the interval 33 to 44 days from sowing; potassium, 44 to 53 days; and nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur, 53 to 65 days, the period of growth of seed in the pod. Table 7 shows the distribution of total nutrient in roots, stems, leaves, and pods plus seeds in the mature plant. Data presented in the foregoing pages suggest certain practical considerations of interest. Environmental conditions during the early growth stages were generally favorable, but a deficiency in precipitation that occurred in the period of pod formation and seed development depressed the yield. However, fertilization promoted an increase in the uptake of nutrients, dry matter production, and in yield of bean. Since only the level of phosphorus was higher in the plant of the fertilized plot, it is assumed that phosphate fertilization induced such increase. Analytical results indicate that relatively large quantities of bases will be removed from the land if the entire bean plant is harvested, whereas if seeds alone are harvested only nitrogen and phosphorus are removed in relatively large amounts. The soil becomes most impoverished by the removal of potassium, nitrogen being less affected due to a partial supply from fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. The results showing that nitrogen absorption rate is maximum at the time the seeds are developed suggest that a delayed nitrogen application for beans might be desirable since the plant needs at this stage may not be satisfied by nitrogen fixation alone. This late nitrogen application would not interfere with the early steps of the symbiotic process.