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The best thing about the stock market is that you can make money in either direction. Historically, stock indexes have tended to trend up over the long term. But when you look at individual stocks, you’ll find plenty that lose money over the long haul. According to hedge fund institution Blackstar Funds, even with dividends included, between 1983 and 2006, 64% of stocks underperformed the Russell 3000, a broad-scope market index.

A large influx of short sellers shouldn’t be a condemning factor for any company, but it could be a red flag from traders that something may not be as cut-and-dried as it appears. Let’s look at three companies that have seen a rapid increase in the number of shares sold short and see whether traders are blowing smoke or if their worry has some merit.

Source: The Wall Street Journal. N/A = ETFs do not have a fixed number of shares outstanding.

An “interesting” moveThere are few sectors with more on the line when it comes to rising interest rates than the homebuilding industry. Historically low interest rates have been a driving force behind new homes purchases as well as home refinancing’s which led to a surge in home remodels. However, the possibility that the Federal Reserve may soon take away its monthly bond-buying program throws into serious doubt the possibility of rates staying anywhere near their record lows.

The SPDR S&P Homebuilders (ETF) (NYSEARCA:XHB) is actually a nice blend of homebuilding stocks as well as the product and appliance makers that are directly involved in the home improvement process — think The Home Depot, Inc. (NYSE:HD), Lumber Liquidators Holdings Inc (NYSE:LL), and Whirlpool Corporation (NYSE:WHR). Still, with 25% of the index made up of homebuilders and another significant chunk made up of material supplies to the homebuilding industry, I can’t help thinking this index is overly exposed to rising interest rate pressure.

Over the past 18 weeks, mortgage applications have fallen in all but three weeks and now sit 59% off their early May highs. Recent data from homebuilders may not factor in this rapid decline in mortgage originations, but you can rest assured that when third- and fourth-quarter results for homebuilders roll around they’ll more than likely be well below the Street’s estimates. As the Fed’s tapering decision looms large, look for short-sellers to grab ahold of this ETF.

Abercrombie gets taken back to schoolIt has been a back-to-school season to forget for teen retailers this year. Consumers have made it very clear that only the deepest discounts are going to persuade them to make purchases, causing the teen trio of Aeropostale, Inc. (NYSE:ARO), American Eagle Outfitters (NYSE:AEO), and Abercrombie & Fitch Co. (NYSE:ANF) to lower their guidance throughout the remainder of their fiscal year. Unfortunately for invesotrs, only one of these retailers really looks like a solid buy at the moment, and it’s not Abercrombie & Fitch.

American Eagle Outfitters is the only teen retailer worth considering here, because it balances the perfect niche of name-brand merchandise with mid-tier price points. In other words, Aeropostale has the association attached to it of being a discounted brand. On the other hand, Abercrombie & Fitch Co. (NYSE:ANF) is overly pricey relative to the similar styles offered between it and American Eagle. With American Eagle you get the best of both worlds and a much beefier dividend yield to top it off.

As for Abercrombie & Fitch Co. (NYSE:ANF), it’s going to continue to deal with the PR fallout from ongoing controversies with its CEO Mike Jeffries as well as struggle overseas in Europe where it’s focused most of its expansionary efforts. Until Abercrombie can adequately remove itself from controversy and can instill a higher sense of value in consumers it’s probably going to lag its peers.

Is this a cause for concern?I wouldn’t normally call 0.1% short interest much cause for concern, but given the 114% spike in short interest over the previous two-week period and the news that accompanied that spike, I’d say a deeper dive is in order.

The news that really appears to have short-sellers in an uproar is in Novartis notifying the Food and Drug Administration that a patient taking its multiple sclerosis drug Gilenya developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, or PML. Novartis was quick to retort, though, that in 71,000 previous patients treated with Gilenya none had developed PML, and that MS itself lends patients to a higher risk of developing PML to begin with.