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More than half a million Polish nationals moved to the UK between 2004 and 2009

Immigrants from eastern Europe have added almost £5bn to Britain's economy since 2004, according to a report.

The National Institute for Economic and Social Research says 700,000 people moved to the UK after their former communist homelands joined the EU.

It believes they drove up British GDP by 0.38% in the years to 2009, the equivalent of £4.91bn.

MigrationWatch UK, which campaigns for tougher controls on immigration, said it was a "poor deal" for the UK.

The report says countries which imposed restrictions on eastern workers saw growth reduced because of this.

Only the UK, Ireland and Sweden allowed free access from the start to workers from the eight 2004 accession countries, which included Poland, Latvia and Hungary.

The last EU members to keep restrictions - Germany and Austria - are lifting them on Sunday.

Economic output

Between 2004 and 2009, an estimated 1.5 million people from eastern Europe came to the UK. It is thought 700,000 of them stayed, with half a million from Poland alone.

During the same period Britain's GDP grew by £98bn, or 7.7%, and the NIESR study says that a 5% share of the £98bn can be put down to the migrants.

The NIESR says the UK probably benefited from the restrictions imposed by other member states. It says Germany will suffer a "permanent scar" on its level of output, with its GDP reduced by between 0.1 and 0.5%.

One of the report's authors, Dawn Holland, says that the final lifting of restrictions by all EU countries will make little difference to the situation.

"Lifting barriers in Germany may divert some Polish and other workers away from the UK", she says, "especially given the relative strength of the German economy".

"But as the existence of support networks for new migrants is one of the most important factors, much of the shift in migrants since 2004 is likely to prove permanent."

'Trivial contribution'

Sir Andrew Green, chairman of MigrationWatch UK, told the BBC: "What matters most is not just GDP but GDP per head.

"This report is clear evidence that the contribution of these migrants was trivial. They added about 1% to population but only about one-third of 1% to production.

"Given the extra strain of public services this has to be a poor deal for the public, especially in the areas most affected."