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Posted: September 24, 2008

$42 million 'Exceptional, Unconventional Research Enabling Knowledge Acceleration' program issues first grants

(Nanowerk News) Two University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) researchers are among the first-ever recipients of $42.2 million in federal grants supporting projects that take scientific risks, but also offer potentially huge rewards.

David Sretavan, MD, PhD, a UCSF professor of ophthalmology and physiology, and John Sedat, PhD, a UCSF professor of biochemistry and biophysics, were selected, along with 36 other researchers from around the country, as part of the new "Exceptional, Unconventional Research Enabling Knowledge Acceleration" (EUREKA) program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

According to the NIH, the program “targets investigators who are testing novel, unconventional hypotheses or are pursuing major methodological or technical challenges.” The projects selected for funding must be “substantial in terms of both the size of the scientific community affected and the magnitude of [their] impact on the community,” the NIH said on its website.

“Transform” is exactly what Sretavan hopes to do in the field of nerve injury treatment. Up to now, attempts to promote regrowth in damaged human nerve cells have not translated into successful clinical procedures.

Sretavan’s idea: Splice individual nerve cells back together, using the rapidly advancing sciences of micro- and nanotechnology. He envisions a future where special “cellular surgical devices” are used to repair individual nerve cells in people with devastating neurological disorders. Such technologies are only just beginning to be used in biology and medicine, Sretavan said, calling his team’s research a “radical departure from existing approaches.”

“This is a whole new area of medical research and clinical medicine,” he said. “It’s kind of an interesting challenge because it requires us to collaborate with a lot of people who haven’t really thought about their research being used in biology. It’s teamwork, but teamwork with people who almost speak a different scientific language.”

With the EUREKA grant money behind them, Sretavan and his team will now focus their efforts on proving that once nerve cells are joined back together, they function the way they are supposed to.

“If you can’t demonstrate that, then it would go a long way to convincing others to think about and try this approach,” he said.

Like Sretavan, UCSF’s Sedat is also hoping to explore the biological applications of emerging technologies. His research focuses on the use of adaptive optics to reduce distortion and produce high-resolution images from deep inside living tissue. Sedat was out of the country and could not be interviewed for this article.

Sretavan, Sedat and other grant recipients will receive up to $200,000 per year for four years to fund their projects – a welcome boost in a weak economy and the current research funding environment.

“These are very tough research funding times,” Sretavan said. “And what’s great about this EUREKA program is that it shows that the NIH is continually trying to identify and support new ideas, even when, as an institution, it is under substantial budgetary pressure.”