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Extra info for Modern Trends in Human Leukemia VII: New Results in Clinical and Biological Research Including Pediatric Oncology

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Moreover, the molecular changes induced in vitro resemble the phenotypic characteristics of ATL cells. The major features in the mechanism of transformation are as follows: 1. ATL cells constitutively express IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) and in relatively large numbers. Normal T cells express IL-2R only transiently after immune activation and in an order of magnitude less than A TL cells. This is simulated by HTLV-I transformed T cells in vitro. 2. The integrated provirus is clonal and although each cell of the tumor have the provirus in the same location different tumors have different integration sites.

When we had a handle on the gene, several laboratories, including my own, were able to localize the c-abl gene to a region in chromosome 9 where the break occurs. We now know that this gene is translocated to chromosome 22, adjacent to a gene given the abbreviation BCR. Shortly thereafter Canaani at the Weizmann Institute in Israel discovered an abnormal c-abl messenger RNA in chronic myelogenous leukemia. This seems to be an area worthy of major investment. The study of the nature of this gene product might determine the function of the normal c-abl, explain why blast crisis develops, and eventually obtain evidence as to whether leukemia transformation and blast crisis are directly related to the abnormal c-abl product.

The second example of an animal model system which became extremely important for human retroviruses is that of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). This too was discovered at the beginning of the 1970's when Wilsede meetings were just getting underway. Since its discovery in Iowa by Van der Maartin and coworkers, much of the work on BLV biology was studied by Ferver et al. in Philadelphia and by Arsene Burny and his group in Brussels. It was also Burny et al. who carried out virtually all the BLV molecular biology.