Adiponectin, an adipokine whose plasma levels are inversely correlated to metabolic syndrome components, protects against atherosclerosis and reduces myocardium infarction-associated risks. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in vascular repair and their number is reduced in patients with cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that positive effects of adiponectin against atherosclerosis are explained in part by its interaction with EPCs.
EPCs were obtained from healthy volunteers’ venous blood by mononuclear cell isolation and plating on collagen-coated dishes. Three subpopulations of EPCs were characterized by flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Expression of adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and H-cadherin was evaluated by qPCR in EPCs and endothelial cells. Effects of recombinant adiponectin on apoptosis of EPCs and HUVECs were assessed. Expression of neutrophil elastase by EPCs and enzymatic activity on adiponectin processing were assessed.
Quantitative PCR of EPCs and HUVECs mRNA showed a higher expression of AdipoR1 compared to AdipoR2 and no expression of H-cadherin in EPCs. Expression of AdipoR1 in EPCs was confirmed by Western Blot. We demonstrated that early EPCs express neutrophil elastase. Adiponectin significantly increased survival of two subpopulations of EPCs in condition of serum deprivation but had no effects on HUVECs. Neutrophil elastase activity was confirmed in EPCs conditioned media.
Adiponectin protects some EPCs subpopulations against apoptosis and therefore could modulate their involvement in vascular repair. Neutrophil elastase activity of EPCs could locally modify adiponectin activity by its ability to generate the globular form of adiponectin.