A Finance Watch Policy Brief that illustrates the very different characteristics of Europe’s small, medium and large banks. Using new data compiled from the ECB and other public sources, we illustrate the fundamental differences between Europe’s 20 or so largest banks, with their focus on trading, and the 400 or more next largest universal banks, which focus on lending and serving their local economies. These mid-sized firms are Europe's “true” universal banks and are generally untouched by bank separation proposals.