Abstract： With the increase of processing capacity of domestic sulfur-bearing oil and gas, as well as the increasing requirements of environmental protection, sulfur production increased substantially. On the basis of analyzing the overview of sulfur resources deep processing, some sulfur by-products such as sulfuric acid, sulfur fertilizer, mercaptan, sulfur asphalt, sulfur concrete, poly-sulfur, microcapsule filled with sulfur and Na-S batteries were emphatically introduced. The application prospects of these sulfur by-products were analyzed by comparing the processing technologies and the supply-demand relationships. Finally, the problems existing in the utilization of sulfur resources were analyzed and proper suggestions were given on broaden the approach of sulfur resources deep processing, production of high value-added sulfur by-products and comprehensively utilization of sulfur resources.