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THE CULTURE OF MODERNISM The revolution in culture and thinking included – 1.Physics 2.Psychology 3.Literature and the Arts = called “Modernism”

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NATURALISM 1. Style of writing which dominated the late 19th century 2. Was a continuation of Realism which dominated the mid- century 3.Portray the world as it really is 4.More pessimistic than the liberal optimism of realism

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EMILE ZOLA 1.French novelist 2.Naturalism 3.Portrayed grim gritty settings like urban slums and industrial coalfields 4.Stressed the impact of environment and heredity on characters 5.Wrote a twenty volume series of novels called the Rougon-Macquart

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LEO TOLSTOY 1.One the greatest of all Russian writers 2.Novelist 3.19th century realist writer - fat books 4.Key works = War and Peace - set during Napoleon’s invasion of Russia 5.Anna Karenina - an unhappy family

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Fyodor Dostoevsky - 1.The other great 19th century Russian novelist 2.Realism 3.Psychology and moral observation 4.The loss of spiritual belief - the poisonous of effects of materialism and faith in human reason and human will = nihilism 5.Suffering and faith purify the soul 6.Key works = Crime and Punishment The Brothers Karamazov The Devils

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SYMBOLISTS 1.New style of writing which rejected Realism 2.Turn of the century 3.Objective knowledge of the world is impossible/external world was a collection of symbols that reflected 4.The true reality of the individual mind 5.Art for art’s sake 6.Literature and art should have no social purpose 7.Expressed primarily in poetry 8.Symbolist poets - William Butler Yeats. Rainer Maria Rilke, Arthur Rimbaud *read excerpt from Rimbaud’s The Drunken Boat

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As I was floating down unconcerned Rivers I no longer felt myself steered by the haulers: Gaudy Redskins had taken them for targets Nailing them naked to coloured stakes. I cared nothing for all my crews, Carrying Flemish wheat or English cottons. When, along with my haulers those uproars were done with The Rivers let me sail downstream where I pleased. Into the ferocious tide-rips Last winter, more absorbed than the minds of children, I ran! And the unmoored Peninsulas Never endured more triumphant clamourings The storm made bliss of my sea-borne awakenings. Lighter than a cork, I danced on the waves Which men call eternal rollers of victims, For ten nights, without once missing the foolish eye of the harbor lights! Sweeter than the flesh of sour apples to children, The green water penetrated my pinewood hull And washed me clean of the bluish wine-stains and the splashes of vomit, Carrying away both rudder and anchor. And from that time on I bathed in the Poem Of the Sea, star-infused and churned into milk, Devouring the green azures; where, entranced in pallid flotsam, A dreaming drowned man sometimes goes down; Where, suddenly dyeing the bluenesses, deliriums And slow rhythms under the gleams of the daylight, Stronger than alcohol, vaster than music Ferment the bitter rednesses of love! I have come to know the skies splitting with lightnings, and the waterspouts And the breakers and currents; I know the evening, And Dawn rising up like a flock of doves, And sometimes I have seen what men have imagined they saw! I have seen the low-hanging sun speckled with mystic horrors. Lighting up long violet coagulations, Like the performers in very-antique dramas Waves rolling back into the distances their shiverings of venetian blinds! I have dreamed of the green night of the dazzled snows The kiss rising slowly to the eyes of the seas, The circulation of undreamed-of saps, And the yellow-blue awakenings of singing phosphorus! THE DRUNKEN BOAT

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MODERNISM Modernism was new and different in that for the first time since the Renaissance artists moved away from the goal of trying to represent reality as accurately as possible Modernism was the search for new forms of artistic expression

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IMPRESSIONISM 1.Movement in painting that originated in France in the 1870’s 2. Rejection of the art studio and museum - go out into the countryside and paint nature directly 3. Paint their impressions of the changing effects of light on objects in nature 4. Camille Pissaro = one of the founders of Impressionism 5. Claude Monet = haystacks, water lilies, Giverny - light, water, atmosphere 6. Berthe Morisot - women Impressionist

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MANET – transition from Realism to Impressionism

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Camille Pissarro – Boulevard Montmarte

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CLAUDE MONET -Impressionism

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Post-Impressionism 1.New movement in painting in France in the 1880’s 2.An extension of Impressionism and a rejection of its limitations 3.Use of vivid colors, thick application of paint, distinctive brushstrokes, real life subject matter 4.More attention paid to structure and form than in Impressionism 5.Key figures = Paul Cezanne - Woman with Coffee Pot Vincent Van Gogh - The Starry Night Paul Gauguin - images of the South Seas Toulouse Lautrec -dance halls and cabarets

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Paul Cezanne – Post Impressionism

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VINCENT VAN GOGH – Starry Night

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PAUL GAUGUIN

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TOULOUSE LAUTREC

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PABLO PICASSO - BUBISM

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PICK ASS O 1.One of the most important artists of the 20th century 2.Spanish painter 3.Moves to Paris in Develops a new style of painting called Cubism 5.objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form 6.The first Cubist painting = Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

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MODERNISM IN MUSIC Edvard Grieg - Norwegian composer express identity and nationalist passion create a national music style for Norway Claude Debussy - French composer Key figure in Impressionist music elusive moods and delicate beauty Key work - Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun Igor Stravinsky - Russian modernist composer Started as a composer of ballet music for the Ballet Russe Composed music for three ballets for Sergei Diaghilev company - all based on Russian folk tales The Firebird Petrushka The Rite of Spring The premiere of The Rite of Spring in Paris in 1913 caused a literal riot Stravinsky’s early music focused on the primitive and the irrational