A ‘New Life’ in More Ways Than One

WAS E. M. FORSTER a coward? A case could be made. He was deferential to a domineering mother, fearing her censure of his gay-themed writing as well as the men he loved, regretting he was unable to become the “authoritative male” who might have lessened her depression after the early death of his father. Short of falsely declaring himself to be a conscientious objector, he did everything he could to avoid conscription into the British Army during World War I until a medical board declared him unfit to fight. A draft of Maurice, his overtly homosexual novel, was finished in 1914. For the rest of his life Forster circulated copies of the manuscript among friends and fellow writers but turned a deaf ear to their pleas that he publish the book. It did not appear until 1971, a year after his death. And then there is the famous statement in his 1938 essay, “What I Believe”: “I hate the idea of dying for a cause, and if I had to choose between betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to betray my country.”

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The Gay & Lesbian Review / Worldwide (The G&LR) is a bimonthly magazine targeting an educated readership of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) men and women. Under the tagline, “a bimonthly journal of history, culture, and politics,” The G&LR publishes essays in a wide range of disciplines as well as reviews of books, movies, and plays.