'má' implies a possible condition. It can take the present or past tense and it causes lenition, if possible. The pattern for the use of ' má' is:
present tense: Má thagann sé, gheobhaidh sé an t-airgead. (If he comes, he will get the money).[present condition + future results]

What is the rule of thumb on when to use &quot;mo&quot; and when to use &quot;mo chuid&quot;

29

If you can say &quot;I have a X&quot; then in Irish you can say &quot;mo X&quot;. &quot;I have a car,&quot; for example, is fine, so &quot;mo charr&quot; is too. But you can't say &quot;I have a clothes&quot; or &quot;I have a hair&quot; (well you can but it doesn't mean the same thing as &quot;I have hair&quot;) so you have to say &quot;mo chuid éadaigh&quot; and &quot;mo chuid gruaige.&quot;

29

did they go?

31

an ndeachaigh siad?

31

they didn't go

31

ní dheachaigh siad

31

they went

31

chuaigh siad

31

to Mass

31

ar Aifreann

31

They went up.

31

Chuaigh siad suas.

31

They went down.

31

Chuaigh siad síos.

31

They went in.

31

Chuaigh siad isteach.

31

They went to school.

31

Chuaigh siad ar scoil.

31

They went to Mass.

31

Chuaigh siad ar Aifreann.

31

Did daddy go to Mass yet?

31

An ndeachaigh daidí ar Aifreann fós?

31

I saw Páid going to school.

31

Chonaic mé Páid ag dul ar scoil.

31

The boys went home at six o'clock.

31

Chuaigh na buachaillí abhaile ar a sé a chlog.

31

No one went in yet.

31

Ní dheachaigh aon duine isteach fós.

31

Did the dog go out on the road?

31

An ndeachaigh an madra amach ar an mbóthar?

31

The boys went down the garden.

31

Chuaigh na buachaillí síos an gairdín.

31

a stamp

31

stampa (m4)

31

postman

31

fear an phoist

31

a five-penny stamp

31

stampa chúig phingin

31

here's ten shillings

31

seo deich scilling

31

change

31

briseadh

31

nine pennies (in) change

31

naoi bpingin de bhriseadh

31

Did (the) postman go away yet?

31

Ar imigh fear an phoist fós?

31

(He) didn't go away; it's not four o'clock yet.

31

Níor imigh; níl sé a ceathair a chlog fós.

31

Good, three fivepenny stamps, please.

31

Go maith, trí stampa chúig phingin, más é do thoil é.

31

Here (are) ten shillings.

31

Seo deich scilling.

31

Eight shillings and nine pennies change.

31

Ocht scilling agus naoi bpingin de bhriseadh.

31

I went up to the shop.

31

Chuaigh mé suas go dtí an siopa.

31

You went down to the chapel.

31

Chuaigh tú síos go dtí an séipéal.

31

He went outside on the road.

31

Chuaigh sé amach ar an mbóthar.

31

The woman went inside.

31

Chuaigh an bhean isteach.

31

The children didn't go in the boat.

31

Ní dheachaigh na leanaí sa bhád.

31

The boy didn't go home last night.

31

Ní dheachaigh an buachaill abhaile aréir.

31

Did you ever go in a ship?

31

An ndeachaigh tú i long riamh?

31

Did he go to Mass yesterday?

31

An ndeachaigh sé ar Aifreann inné?

31

Did the man go up?

31

An ndeachaigh an fear suas?

31

Did Máire go down the garden?

31

An ndeachaigh Máire síos an gairdín?

31

did you put?

32

ar chuir tú?

32

I didn't put

32

níor chuir mé

32

I put (past tense)

32

chuir mé

32

the jam

32

an tsubh

32

Did you put the milk on the box?

32

Ar chuir tú an bainne ar an mbosca?

32

Did you put the sugar on the box?

32

Ar chuir tú an siúcra ar an mbosca?

32

Did you put the jam on the box?

32

Ar chuir tú an tsubh ar an mbosca?

32

Did you put the bread on the box?

32

Ar chuir tú an t-arán ar an mbosca?

32

Did you put the butter on the box?

32

Ar chuir tú an t-im ar an mbosca?

32

Did you put the water on the box?

32

Ar chuir tú an t-uisce ar an mbosca?

32

He didn't put in the bicycle.

32

Níor chuir sé isteach an rothar.

32

Did daddy put in the car?

32

Ar chuir daidí isteach an carr?

32

Mommy put the child up.

32

Chuir mamaí suas an leanbh.

32

She put everything in the car.

32

Chuir sí gach rud sa charr.

32

Did anyone put out the cat?

32

Ar chuir aon duine amach an cat?

32

You didn't put it in.

32

Níor chuir tú isteach é.

32

bedtime (sleep time)

32

am codlata

32

late enough

32

mall go leor

32

to the cat

32

don chat

32

up with you

32

suas leat

32

it isn't but ten o'clock / it's only ten o'clock

32

níl sé ach a deich a chlog

32

Bedtime now, Máire.

32

Am codlata anois, a Mháire.

32

It's late enough.

32

Tá sé mall go leor.

32

Did you put in your bicycle? Yes.

32

Ar chuir tú isteach do rothar? Chuir.

32

And the dog is inside also.

32

Agus tá an madra istigh freisin.

32

Did you give milk to the cat? Yes.

32

Ar thug tú bainne don chat? Thug.

32

You're very good altogther. Up with you now.

32

Tá tú an-mhaith ar fad. Suas leat anois.

32

I didn't put the milk in the box.

32

Níor chuir mé an bainne sa bhosca.

32

I didn't put anything in the bus.

32

Níor chuir mé aon rud sa bhus.

32

What time was the bus here?

20

Cén t-am a bhí an bus anseo?

20

I didn't put the jam on the table.

32

Níor chuir mé an tsubh ar an mbord.

32

What time was she in the shop?

20

Cén t-am a bhí sí sa siopa?

20

I put the box in the boat.

32

Chuir mé an bosca sa bhád.

32

What time were you at home?

20

Cén t-am a bhí tú sa bhaile?

20

I put the jam in the box.

32

Chuir mé an tsubh sa bhosca.

32

What time were they outside?

20

Cén t-am a bhí siad amuigh?

20

to the, for the

32

don (plus séimhrú)

32

What time was Máire at school?

20

Cén t-am a bhí Máire ar scoil?

20

on him

33

air

33

he put on (him)

33

chuir sé air

33

he threw on (him)

33

chaith sé air

33

he left on (him)

33

d'fhág sé air

33

his

33

a (+ séimhiú)

33

his shirt

33

a léine

33

his stockings

33

a stocaí

33

his shoes

33

a bhróga

33

his trousers

33

a bhríste

33

his coat

33

a chóta

33

his cap

33

a chaipín

33

shirt

33

an léine, na léinte, f4

33

shirt

33

an léine (ns), na léine (gs)

na léinte (np), na léinte (gp)

shoe

33

an bhróg, na bróga, f2

33

shoe

33

an bhróg (ns), na bróige (gs)

na bróga (np), na mbróg (gp)

He put on his shirt.

33

Chuir sé air a léine.

33

He put on his shoes.

33

Chuir sé air a bhóga.

33

He put on his coat.

33

Chuir sé air a chóta.

33

He put on his stockings.

33

Chuir sé air a stocaí.

33

He put on his trousers.

33

Chuir sé air a bhríste.

33

He put on his cap.

33

Chuir sé air a chaipín.

33

He left his cap on.

33

D'fhág sé air a chaipín.

33

Did Seán put on his overcoat?

33

Ar chuir Seán air a chóta mór?

33

overcoat

33

cóta mór

33

Daddy didn't put on his good shirt.

33

Níor chuir Daidí air a léine mhaith.

33

He threw his boots in the hall.

33

Chaith sé a bhroga sa halla.

33

He didn't leave on his new shoes?

33

Níor fhág sé air a bhróga nua?

33

with

33

le

33

with him

33

leis

33

whose is? who owns?

33

cé leis?

33

(it is) Seán's

33

le Seán

33

I don't know

33

níl a fhíos agam

33

anyway

33

cibé ar bith

33

Who owns this coat?

33

Cé leis an cóta seo?

33

(It's) Sean's, he left it on the table.

33

Le Seán, d'fhág sé ar an mbord é.

33

And isn't any coat on him now?

33

Agus nach bhfuil aon chóta air anois?

33

He does, he put on his new coat.

33

Tá, chuir sé air a chóta nua.

33

And where did he go?

33

Agus cá ndeachaigh sé?

33

I don't know; he didn't say.

33

Níl a fhíos agam; ní dúirt sé.

33

He didn't put up this coat, anyway.

33

Níor chuir sé suas an cóta seo, cibé ar bith.

33

He threw on his shirt and trousers.

33

Chaith sé air a léine agus a bhríste.

33

He left on his white shirt.

33

D'fhág sé air a léine bhán.

33

Padraig left on his new shoes.

33

D'fhág Padraig air a bhróga nua.

33

He left on his overcoat.

33

D'fhág sé air a chóta mór.

33

He threw on his new stockings.

33

Chaith sé air a stocaí nua.

33

He threw on his bawneen coat.

33

Chaith sé air a chóta báinín.

33

Seamus threw on his white cap.

33

Chaith Seamus air a chaipín bán.

33

I have X

34

tá X agam

34

I have X

34

literally - There is X at me.

I have no(t) X

34

níl X agam

34

I have no(t) X

34

literally - There is not X at me.

money, silver

34

airgead, m1

34

money, silver

34

an t-airgead (ns), an airgid (gs)

a chair

34

cathaoir

an chathaoir, na cathaoireacha, f5

34

a chair

34

an chathaoir (ns), na cathaoireach (gs)

na cathaoireacha (np), na gcathaoireacha (gp)

tobacco

34

tobac, m4

34

tobacco

34

an tobac (ns), an tobac (gs)

a cigarette

34

toitín,

an toitín, na toitíní, m4

34

a cigarette

34

an toitín (ns), an toitín (gs)

na toitíní (np), na dtoitíní (gp)

a match, little twig, stick

34

cipín

an cipín, na cipíní, m4

34

a match, little twig, stick

34

cipín (ns), an chipín (gs)

na cipíní (np), na gcipíní (gp)

I haven't money.

34

Níl airgead agam.

34

I haven't a dress.

34

Níl gúna agam.

34

I haven't a chair.

34

Níl cathaoir agam.

34

I haven't tobacco.

34

Níl tobac agam.

34

I haven't a cigarette.

34

Níl toitín agam.

34

I haven't a match.

34

Níl cipín agam.

34

I have a new dress.

34

Tá gúna nua agam.

34

I haven't a cigarette now.

34

Níl toitín agam anois.

34

I haven't new shoes yet.

34

Níl bróga nua agam fós.

34

I have £11 in the box.

34

Tá aon phunt déag agam sa bhosca.

34

I know.

34

Tá a fhios agam.

34

I don't see

34

ní fheicim

34

walking

34

ag siúl

34

some time ago, awhile ago

34

tamall ó shin

34

one (literally &quot;a head&quot;)

34

ceann

an ceann, na cinn, m1

34

one (literally &quot;a head&quot;)

34

an ceann (ns), an chinn (gs)

na cinn (np), na gceann (gp)

some, part

34

cuid

an chuid, na codanna, f3

34

some, part

34

an chuid (ns), na coda (gs)

na codanna (np), na gcodanna (gp)

I don't see Seán here. Where is he?

34

Ní fheicim Seán anseo. Cá bhfuil sé?

34

I don't know. He went out awhile ago.

34

Níl a fhios agam. Chuaigh sé amach tamall ó shin.

34

On his bicycle, is it?

34

Ar a rothar, an ea?

34

No (cupla), he was walking.

34

Ní hea, bhí sé ag siúl.

34

I haven't any cigarettes. - I have some, here's one.

34

Níl aon toitín agam. Tá cuid agamsa, seo duit ceann.

34

Thanks. That's fine.

34

Go raibh maith agat. Tá sé sin go breá.

34

He threw the plate on the table.

33

Chaith sé an pláta ar an mbord.

33

She threw the butter in the box.

33

Chaith sí an t-im sa bhosca.

33

He threw his shoes in the bag.

33

Chaith sé a bhróga sa mhála.

33

He threw his hat on the table.

33

Chaith sé a hata ar an mbord.

33

He threw his pants on the table.

33

Chaith sé a bhríste ar an mbord.

33

Seamus threw his new coat on the table.

33

Chaith Seamus a chóta nua ar an mbord.

33

Pól left his shoes in the hall.

33

D'fhág Pól a bhróga sa halla.

33

Liam left his pants in the room.

33

D'fhág Liam a bhríste sa seomra.

33

He left his white cap on the table.

33

D'fhág sé a chaipín bán ar an mbord.

33

He left his new shirt at the shop.

33

D'fhág sé a léine nua ag an siopa.

33

did N give?

35

ar thug N?

35

N didn't give

35

níor thug N

35

£11

35

aon phunt déag

35

£12

35

dhá phunt déag

35

£13

35

trí phunt déag

35

£14

35

ceithre phunt déag

35

£15

35

cúig phunt déag

35

£16

35

sé phunt déag

35

11p

35

aon phingin déag

35

12p

35

dhá phingin déag

35

13p

35

trí phingin déag

35

14p

35

ceithre phingin déag

35

15p

35

cúig phingin déag

35

16p

35

sé phingin déag

35

I didn't pay but £11 for it. (I only paid £11 for it.)

35

Níor thug mé ach aon phunt déag air.

35

I didn't pay but £12 for it. (I only paid £12 for it.)

35

Níor thug mé ach dhá phunt déag air.

35

I didn't pay but £13 for it. (I only paid £13 for it.)

35

Níor thug mé ach trí phunt déag air.

35

I didn't pay but £14 for it. (I only paid £14 for it.)

35

Níor thug mé ach ceithre phunt déag air.

35

I didn't pay but £15 for it. (I only paid £15 for it.)

35

Níor thug mé ach cúig phunt déag air.

35

I didn't pay but £16 for it. (I only paid £16 for it.)

35

Níor thug mé ach sé phunt déag air.

35

Seán gave £15 for his new coat.

35

Thug Seán cúig phunt déag ar a chóta nua.

35

Did you pay much for the dress?

35

Ar thug tú mórán ar an ngúna?

35

He got £14 for it.

35

Fuair sé ceithre phunt déag air.

35

They paid big money for the house.

35

Thug siad airgead mór ar an teach.

35

Where did he get the thirteen shillings?

35

Cá bhfuair sé na trí scilling déag?

35

Did he put the £12 on the table?

35

Ar chuir sé an dá phunt déag ar an mbord?

35

on you

35

ort

35

to me / for me

35

dom

35

to you / for you

35

duit

35

exactly right (literally - directly in right)

35

díreach i gceart

35

do you think so? (literally - is the probability with you?)

35

an dóigh leat?

35

way, manner, state, condition, method, probability

35

an dóigh, na dóigheanna, f2

35

way, manner, state, condition, method, probability

35

an dóigh (ns), na dóighe (gs)

na dóigheanna (np), na ndóigheanna (gp)

Byrne's shop (lit. shop of Byrne)

35

siopa Uí Bhroin

35

too big

35

rómhór

35

too big

35

ró is a prefix added to a word and adds the meaning of 'too' to the word. It lenites the following word if possible