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Hazardous Substances

Unit 8 task 4 hand out 3
Hazardous SubstancesA hazardous substance is defined in federal government regulations as “one that may cause substantial personal injury or illness during reasonable handling or use, including possible ingestion by children.” According to the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), household products are hazardous if they contain substances that have one or more of the following hazardous properties:# Corrosive: A product that can burn or destroy living tissue, such as skin or eyes or by chemical action. Examples: Drain cleaners, oven cleaners, and lye. Irritant: A product is an irritant if it is not corrosive and causes injury to the area of the body that it comes in contact with after immediate, prolonged, or repeated contact. Examples: Toilet cleaners, chlorine bleach cleaners, and some pool chemicals. Strong Sensitizer: A product that can cause an allergic reaction upon repeated uses of the same substance. Usually this does not happen when a person first comes in contact with the product, but after a second exposure. Examples: Dyes, oils, tars, rubber, soaps, cosmetics, perfume, insecticides, wood resins, plants, paints, plastics, glues, fiber glass, metals, and polishes. Flammable: Any substance, liquid, solid, or the contents of a self-pressurized container, like aerosol cans, that can be easily set on fire or ignited. Extremely flammable, flammable, and combustible are the three types of flammability based on testing. Examples: Paint thinners, some solvents, adhesives, rubber cement, and hair spray. Toxic: In addition, a product is toxic if it can cause long term effects like cancer, birth defects, or neurotoxicity (toxic to nerves). Examples: Brake fluids, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, rat poison, and antifreeze. Routes of Exposure

A product is hazardous if it can produce personal injury or illness to humans when inhaled, swallowed (ingested), or absorbed through the skin. 1. Ingestion – eating or drinking...

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...The Affects of Hazardous Waste Material to the Environment
What are Hazardous Waste Materials?
Hazardous wastes are poisonous byproducts of manufacturing, farming, city septic systems, construction, automotive shops, laboratories, hospitals, and other industries such as Military installations and military training areas. The waste may be liquid, solid, or sludge and contain chemicals, heavy metals, radiation, dangerous pathogens, or other toxins. Even households generate hazardous waste from items such as batteries, used computer equipment, and leftover paints or pesticides. The waste can harm humans, animals, and plants if they encounter these toxins buried in the ground, in stream runoff, in groundwater that supplies drinking water, or in floodwaters. Some toxins, such as mercury, persist in the environment and accumulate. Humans or animals often absorb them when they eat fish. A common hazardous waste facility is one that stores the waste in sealed containers in the ground. Less toxic waste that is unlikely to migrate, like soil with lead, is sometimes allowed to remain in place under the ground and then be sealed with a cap of hard clay. Communities may eventually decide to use these sites for golf courses or parks, or to label them “Brownfield’s” sites, suitable for commercial or industrial uses. Even when used properly, many chemicals can still harm human health and the environment. When...

...The Problem
Household hazardous waste along with E-waste is not only becoming an enormous problem locally in developed nations but also a major issue on a global scale. “A hazardous waste is a waste that exhibits a hazardous characteristic or is a listed waste. There are four criteria that define a characteristic hazardous waste. They are: 1. Ignitability, 2. Corrosivity, 3. Reactivity, 4. Toxicity.” These materials can be flammable, reactive, or unstable enough to release toxic fumes into the atmosphere. They are capable of corroding metal containers such as tanks, barrels, and drums. Currently, the Environmental Protection Agency has over 500 items designated as hazardous waste.
Examples of household hazardous waste include, but are not limited to, solvents, pesticides, paint, gasoline, ammonia, antifreeze, batteries, and pool chemicals. These materials are consumed by millions of people around the world on a daily basis. However, these materials can pose immediate or long-term risks to humans, animals, and plants in our environment when not disposed of properly. E-waste can be defined as electronic consumer items as LCD displays, cell phones, computers, fax machines, stereo equipment, and cameras to name a few. Also included in E-waste are the thousands of miles of cabling required to run the electronic devices. These devices do not disappear when they break, or...

...Hazardous waste and its proper disposal have become a major sociological problem today due to its capability of contaminating the area in which we live and its potential to be lethal to all living things. In order for the United States and the rest of the world to save itself from a potentially life threatening problem they must fix the causes which lead to the improper disposal of hazardous wastes and like materials. Some reasons that hazardous waste has become a problem in the United States today is due to the breakdown in enforcing laws for the proper disposal of such wastes, a lack of initiative on big companies behalf to spend money on proper disposal, and the ease of disposing of such wastes illegally.
The mistakes of the past need not be repeated, for hazardous waste can be controlled using methods that prevent damage to human health and the environment. These methods have been neglected in the past primarily because they cost more than indiscriminate or careless dumping, and because no law required their use(Kiefer, 1981, p.51).
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MGT 401 Hazardous Materials Management
MGT401 Week 1 DQ 1 The Environment
Why is it deemed necessary to protect the environment? What does it mean to society? To business? To the individual? To future populations? Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings.
MGT 401 Week 1 DQ 2 Risk Control
What are the primary elements of each of the three types of risk control? Assume you are in a hazard hunt; list a few factors in your job that may contribute to a hazard and how likely is it that a hazardous situation will occur? Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings
MGT 401 Week 1 Quiz
1. Question : Hazardous materials can be released intentionally in criminal acts or acts of terrorism.
2. Question : The fourth level of emergency response personnel in the HAZWOPER regulation whose training may also include the handling of specific materials and interaction with outside agencies is the ____.
3. Question : The law that began the process of regulating the handling of hazardous waste and defines what is a hazardous waste and outlines the programs that must be followed to properly handle, store, and dispose of these materials is the ____.
4. Question : The agency in the federal system that is used to conduct research and make recommendations for the development of regulations to protect the nation’s workers is ____.
5. Question : The fifth level...

... 11. Consumers throw away enough aluminum to rebuild the entire U.S. commercial airline fleet about every _____________________.
12. Which of the following is not one of the four properties that make waste hazardous?
a. Corrosive
b. Soluble
c. Unstable
d. Flammable
e. Carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic
13. The EPA does not consider a material hazardous if a small business produces how many pounds of waste per month?
14. How many tons of hazardous waste are produced for each person in the U.S. per year (according to the EPA)?
15. What % of U.S. hazardous waste is not regulated by hazardous waste laws?
16. Hazardous waste that is legally designated and in a controlled form make up what % of the total hazardous waste produced?
17. Which of the following strategies should be given top priority in a low waste approach?
a. Incinerate
b. Recycle
c. Bury
d. Reduce
e. Reuse
18. Which of the following strategies would be given lowest priority in a low waste society?
a. Incinerate
b. Recycle
c. Bury
d. Reduce
e. Reuse
19. Scientists estimate that in a low waste society what % of solid and hazardous waste could be eliminated throug reduction, reuse, and recycling?
20. Industrial ecology...

...﻿Hazardous waste management
My chosen green career is hazardous waste management. Hazardous waste management I think is very important job which is very necessary for the environment. Right now, human activities are creating too many wastes which are not good to the environment as well as human. Countries and many environmental organizations are focusing the use of hazardous waste management very much right now in order to reduce the damage of these harmful wastes.
Hazardous waste in general can cause bad consequences to the environment and human. Hazardous waste varies in a lot of types such as: solid waste, chemicals, any materials which are created from human activities. The growth of many industries and economies I think is the top element which contributes to the creation of hazardous waste very much. The effects of hazardous waste are unpredictable and dangerous to any environmental processes and the health of human.
Hazardous waste is different based on their feature. There are some types of hazardous waste which is very harm to the environment such as: waste which can cause explosion, waste which can cause fire, waste which can cause oxidation, waste which can cause erosion, waste which has toxicities, waste which have ecotoxicty, waste which can cause infections, etc.
For all developed and developing countries are now...

...initially asked to identify and clean-up hazardous waste sites. However, thirty years later the United States is facing additional new threats to the health and safety of the American people. The Superfund sites themselves are becoming “nightmares to deal with, due to disturbances and damage caused by extreme weather conditions brought on by climate change” (Treadman, 2010). The EPA website states, “hazardous waste sites can discharge and release large quantities of toxic substances when subject to flooding, tornados and hurricanes” (EPA, 2010). The additional costs of cleanup, and disruptions caused by extreme weather events have caused a tremendous financial burden on an already ailing Superfund program (Lester & Rabe, 2008).
Additionally, many large corporations have declared bankruptcy to avoid the cost of cleaning up their hazardous sites and simply have walked away leaving the American taxpayers holding the bag. In these circumstances, Superfund has paid the bill entirely with taxpayer money (EPA, 2010). With every new ecological disaster, the strain on Superfund becomes more significant. Since Congress has not reinstated fees on industry, any new disaster clean-up is paid for with emergency funding which inevitably comes out of the pockets of the public and adds to the already enormous deficit (Lester & Rabe, 2008).
Superfund Proponents
Superfund's proponents state that the EPA must have the authority,...

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Supplier Selection for the Contract of GH’S Hazardous Waste Disposal
As indicated in UoL, (2013) Assignment study case General Hospital (GH) forecasts producing an estimated average of a daily waste equal to 5 Kg per day and the GH operates 52 weeks/year, 7 days/week so the estimated waste per year 5*356 = 1780 Kg per Year. Due to poor forecasting process 7 data of GH as per their historical data, the forecasted accuracy is 80% per year, therefor suppliers must consider in his calculations the risk of having 20% increase in the wastes quantities 1780*20%= 365 Kg/Year = 1 Kg/Day as a result of that suppliers must include a prices List for Extra services in their offers.
Three suppliers responded to bid to GH tender invitation and gave the best offers they have as per below schedule:
The analyze of the Price
Service analyze
Supplier
Waste Per Year
Unit
Cost/Container Pick-up
Operation charge (€)
Cost/Kg Waste
Disposal charge (€)
Total charge (€)
Waste Weight/ Container
Unit
Pick-Up Frequency
A
1,780
Kg
33
587.40
0.61
1,085.80
1,673.20
100
Kg/Container
On call
Best Service
B
1,780
Kg
10
356.00
0.45
801.00
1,157.00
50
Kg/Container
On call
Best Price
C
1,780
Kg
38
Not given
0.73
1,299.40
Not Clear
N/A
Kg/Container
Monthly with 5 days’ notice
Out of competition
In order to select the best supplier and offer, Sollish et al. (2011, pp.57-65) suggested to follow the below steps to select the right...