CAE (Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis) – CAEV is a lentivirus, from the same family as the human HIV virus, and there are forms of the disease that affect both goats and sheep (together they are referred to as small ruminant lentiviruses (SLRV)). It’s estimated that around 25% of the goats in the US are infected with this disease, and if it becomes active the goat will exhibit any or all of five illnesses (arthritis, encephalitis, pneumonia, mastitis, and weight loss) until death. Some goats that contract the disease never show signs of illness, but are carriers of the disease for life.CAEV is carried in the white blood cells, so it’s transmitted by body fluids. It’s spread from dams to kids through colostrum and milk, and by contact between positive and negative goats, milk in milking equipment, and clippers. Contact with sheep can also be a source for the disease. Most goats contract the disease when they are quite young, and develop the disease months or years later. In young goats, testing for the disease is not generally reliable until 4 – 6 months of age. Blood testing is the most common method used for detecting CAEV, and a true positive mean the goat is infected with CAEV. No cure has been developed for CAEV.

﻿CL (Caseous Lymphadenitis) – this chronic disease also has no known cure and causes internal and external abscesses to form in the lymph nodes, and leads to wasting, coughing, mastitis, respiratory, and neurological problems. The disease is highly contagious, and enters the goat through wounds or mucous membranes. It can take two to six months for an abscess to appear, and the disease is spread when the abscess bursts and another goat contacts the bacteria. Once CL gets into the soil, it’s extremely difficult to eradicate because it can survive for long periods of time and spread via fencing, forage, clippers, straw, and hay.Because CL is so contagious, a positive goat can spread the disease from internal abscesses (even though there are no externally open abscesses), and it can pass to humans (although this has rarely been documented); it’s often recommended that any CL positive anim_al be culled. There is a blood test for CL, and there are also two vaccines for CL. The vaccine will do nothing for a goat that already has the disease; also, once vaccinated against CL, because the vaccine contains the bacterium, the goat will test positive for CL.Brucellosis – this disease is now rarely seen in the United States (last case 1999); however, is still fairly common in goats from Mexico. It causes abortions, retained placentas, weak kids, mastitis, and decreased milk production in goats. It’s spread through body fluids, and can also spread to humans through raw milk, unpasteurized dairy products, goat meat, and contact. In humans the disease is called Malta Fever, and causes fever, sweating, chills, headaches, joint pain, weakness, weight loss, nausea, and depression.﻿﻿﻿http://cfr.vlex.com/vid/78-43-validated-brucellosis-free-states-19609750﻿﻿: 78.43 – Validated brucellosis-free States

Title 9: Animals and Animal ProductsCHAPTER I: ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURESUBCHAPTER C: INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTSPART 77: TUBERCULOSISSubpart B: Cattle and Bison 77.7 - Accredited-free States or zones.(a) The following are accredited-free States: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, the Virgin Islands of the United States, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.(b) The following are accredited-free zones:(1) All of the State of Michigan except for the zones that comprise those counties in Michigan described in ? 77.9(b)(1) and ? 77.11(b)(1).

(2) [Reserved](c) If an affected herd is detected in a State or zone classified as accredited-free, and the herd is depopulated and an epidemiologic investigation is completed within 90 days of the detection of the affected herd with no evidence of the spread of tuberculosis, the State or zone may retain its accredited-free status. If two or more affected herds are detected in an accredited-free State or zone within a 48-month period, the State or zone will be removed from the list of accredited-free States or zones and will be reclassified as modified accredited advanced.(d) If any livestock other than cattle or bison are included in a newly assembled herd on a premises where a tuberculous herd has been depopulated, the State or zone must apply the herd test requirements contained in the ?Uniform Methods and Rules?Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication? (January 22, 1999, edition), which is incorporated by reference at ? 77.1, to those other livestock in the same manner as to cattle and bison. Failure to do so will result in reclassification of the State or zone as modified accredited advanced.(e) If tuberculosis is diagnosed within an accredited-free State or zone in an animal not specifically regulated by this part and a risk assessment conducted by APHIS determines that the outbreak poses a tuberculosis risk to livestock within the State or zone, the State or zone must implement a tuberculosis management plan, approved jointly by the State animal health official and the Administrator, within 6 months of the diagnosis. The management plan must include provisions for immediate investigation of tuberculosis in animals held for exhibition and in livestock and wildlife; the prevention of the spread of the disease to other animals held for exhibition and to livestock and wildlife; increased surveillance for tuberculosis in animals held for exhibition and wildlife; eradication of tuberculosis from individual herds; a timeline for tuberculosis eradication; and performance standards by which to measure yearly progress toward eradication. If a State or zone does not implement such a plan within the required 6 months, the State or zone will lose its accredited-free status and will be reclassified as modified accredited advanced.(f) Accredited-free State or zone status must be renewed annually. To qualify for renewal of accredited-free State or zone status, a State must submit an annual report to APHIS certifying that the State or zone within the State complies with the provisions of the ?Uniform Methods and Rules?Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication.? The report must be submitted to APHIS each year between October 1 and November 30.(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0146)[65 FR 63517, Oct. 23, 2000]Editorial Note:For Federal Register citations affecting ? 77.7, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.fdsys.gov.

﻿Johne’s – this is another fatal disease that affects the intestinal tract (it’s pronounced “yo-nees”). It has a long incubation period and can be hard to detect – the only symptom may be weight loss while still eating well. The disease is spread through body fluids, and also can be transmitted from cattle (many dairy cow herds are known to be infected). Goat kids can get Johne’s from drinking cow colostrum or milk, and even pasteurizing it does not guarantee that it won’t be transmitted through the milk. Johne’s can be detected by blood test, but there’s no known treatment for the disease.Certified Free - we used to also test the entire herd for Brucellosis and Tuberculosis, but Ohio is a “certified free” state for those diseases so we no longer test our herd for these diseases. Any goat coming from a state that’s not certified disease free for these two are still tested for them. The links to the Federal Register identifying which states are certified free are included below. Be sure to verify that the information below is up-to-date when checking on Brucellosis and Tuberculosis testing.Brucellosis – this disease is now rarely seen in the United States (last case 1999); however, is still fairly common in goats from Mexico. It causes abortions, retained placentas, weak kids, mastitis, and decreased milk production in goats. It’s spread through body fluids, and can also spread to humans through raw milk, unpasteurized dairy products, goat meat, and contact. In humans the disease is called Malta Fever, and causes fever, sweating, chills, headaches, joint pain, weakness, weight loss, nausea, and depression.﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿http://cfr.vlex.com/vid/78-43-validated-brucellosis-free-states-19609750﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿:﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿﻿78.43 – Validated brucellosis-free States.Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virgin Islands, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.[53 FR 4382, Feb. 16, 1988; 53 FR 21979, June 13, 1988]

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