Why is enteral feeding better?

Because gut feeding improves the lining of the gut, leading to improved health of the gut wall. Most people die from Gram-negative infection from gut bacteria, so preserving gut wall health is vital!

5

What is D5?

5 grams of dextrose per 100 mL saline

6

Reduce the flow rate of nasogastric feeding when the residual volume in the stomach is ______________.

greater than 100 mL

7

Many times, glycogen stores take ______ days to fill. Because of this, check glucose after this much time has passed.

~2

8

What is deficient in beri beri?

Thiamine

9

Why is arginine special?

The body can make it, but production is limited. Also, arginine is needed for NO production.

10

Another "special" amino acid is ______________.

glutamine; it can be made by the body, but production is limited. Also, it is needed for gut epithelium

11

What nutritional considerations are important for those in respiratory failure?

Because the body needs to work to breathe off carbon, it will have to work harder when given nutrients that produce more carbon per calorie – such as carbohydrates. As such, many protocols give higher fat diets to those in respiratory failure.

For the same reason, it is better to avoid overfeeding someone in respiratory failure.

12

Hepatic dietary formulas have lower __________, which can act as false neurotransmitters that worsen encephalopathy.

aromatic amino acids

13

What is the energy density of most TPN fluids?

1 kcal/mL

14

Why should you start low and titrate up for enteric feeding?

Because most people can't tolerate much in their stomachs via enteric feeding, so start in a safe range and work up.