However, I cannot browse to the cloudera manager admin console. I used http://<my ubuntu virtual machine IP>:7180, but Google chrome could not load the page. I did a netstat on the ubuntu VM, and saw it is listening on 12112:

@alexx the process you found listening on 12112 is a unix domain socket connection to the local postgres database file, that's not the web UI. What does the following command return on your CM server?

netstat -anp | grep 7180

NOTE: must be run as root.

If nothing is listening on 7180, can you see any errors in the /var/log/cloudera-scm-server/cloudera-scm-server.log file? From your previous "curl" command, though, it appeared that the CM server answered the HTTP request and was running.

Depending on your linux release, you need to disable your host's firewall as well as SELinux (if enabled) to be able to complete configuration, this is laid out in the requirements section covering networking, here:

You would need to check for the linux distribution you were running on what the proper steps are to do this, for RHEL/CentOS/OracleLinux 6.x you would edit /etc/sysconfig/selinux and set to disabled, as well as run lokkit or system-config-firewall-tui to disable the host firewall (or set all the ports up based on the ports described in our documentation). Genreally speaking its easier if during install you disable, and then if you have to re-enable work through the port lists we give in the installation guide for the services you are planning to deploy on your cluster nodes.