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2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Self Tests Phases of the Swing...5 Golf Self Tests...13 On Course Warm Up Winning Warm Up...23 The Simple The Magic At Home Stretches The Super Special Tight Spots

3 WELCOME If you want to play good golf and you want to have some longevity in the game, then you have to maintain a normal level of flexibility and mobility - especially in your hips, back and shoulders. By using the terms flexibility and mobility, we refer to the range of motion your body is able to produce in your various joints as well as how you move them. Some golfers have this naturally because of the way there bodies are structured. A small percentage of golfers are hyper flexible which works against them because some joints move too far and lack stability. By far the biggest majority of golfers simply don t have enough range of motion to swing the club the way they want. These are the golfers we see every day and most likely it is YOU we are trying to help. It s not your fault. Part of it is the way your body is built. Part is the aging process and how it changes your movement patterns over time. Part of it also relates to your gender, your connective tissue, your musculature and so on This book shares the stretches, methods of stretching and other important information you need to protect your body from injury, promote longevity, and improve swing quality. 3

4 SELF TESTS Golf is an athletic sport that is physically demanding and can lead to injury. The swing motion itself puts tremendous amounts of stress on the body. These demands are greater with the less skilled player versus a professional or elite amateur. For purposes of staying focused on flexibility and mobility, we will address the body movement required to complete a successful swing motion leaving proper technique to the PGA teaching professional. The golf swing has evolved greatly over the past decades. In the 1920 s players like Bobby Jones used a large body turn with a tendency to turn their hips and shoulders the same amount during the swing motion. This swing method, known as the classic golf swing, produced a flatter swing plane with a more upright and relaxed finish. In contrast, the modern golf swing causes a much steeper swing plane by combining a large or maximal shoulder turn with a restricted lower body movement. This tendency creates a significant amount of coiling to occur throughout the spine. The coil can lead to a more powerful swing but also can cause excessive stress especially when not done properly. The modern player also tends to finish with the back more arched than upright. These differences typically make the modern golf swing more stressful to the body than the classic golf swing. Why Self Tests? Self tests were created for the sole purpose of where am I now in flexibility compared to where should I be to be able to swing the way I want to without any restricted movement. 4

5 Many golfers don t know where to look, what to look at or why. As a result, their games lack consistency and their swings lack fluid motion. It also creates swing faults that can be very frustrating and some never ever get resolved simply because your body has some discrepancies in movement among muscles groups. It is very common to perform a series of flexibility tests when you start working with a pro. It gives you a starting point as well as helps you identify immediate strengths and weaknesses. You will perform many of the same tests as the pros who go through a fitness assessment. These are featured later in this section. Before we get there, let s take a look at the how/why you need flexibility and mobility in various stages of the golf swing. Phases of the Swing For golfers, the spine serves as the flexible connection between the upper and lower body. Proper function of the spine is essential to allow the coiling and uncoiling needed properly link the swing motion and produce power. The spine has a natural S-shape when we stand upright. It is this upright neutral position that needs to be maintained to minimize stress and protect the spine during the swing motion. An excessive S shape or C-shape to the spine will restrict motion, cause biomechanical swing faults and will leave the golfer at risk for injury. How does the spine move while playing golf? 5

6 The golf swing is a dynamic movement that consists of a series of rotations and counter rotations that each lead to a significant amount of bending, twisting, sliding and compression forces. During each golf shot the body is exposed to a full rotation away from the target followed by an immediately and intense transfer back as the golfer attempts to strike the ball. Even worse is the speed at which this repetitive stress occurs with full swing mechanics taking between.95 and 1.25 seconds. This repetitive motion even when done with flawless technique can leave the spine at risk for injury. The golf swing, especially the modern golf swing, puts tremendous amount of stress on the back, neck and extremities. Spine motion occurs in three different directions: Forward and backward bending Lateral or side bending Right and left rotation The following is a description of muscle activity and biomechanics during the golf swing. This information can be used as a guideline to identifying which parts of the body are most critical to a successful golf swing and should be addressed during a golf stretch program. 6

7 1) Address 2) Back swing a. Take-away b. Top of the back swing 3) Downswing 4) Impact 5) Follow-through Address When setting up to the ball the upper body leans forward to bring the club head down to the ground. Ideally, the golfer should bend forward at the hips rather than at the spine. The spine should remain upright in a naturally tall posture maintaining a slightly outward curved mid-back and slightly inward curved low back without excessive roundness in either direction. This spine position combined with the natural relaxed position of the shoulders and arms is called the neutral position. By maintaining the neutral position, throughout the golf swing, a golfer will protect their back and maximize movement potential. The address position places stress on the body due to the forward bending of the trunk over the feet. As the balance point of the trunk shifts over the middle portion of the foot, it causes increased muscle activity of all the posterior or backside muscles located in the hips, trunk and neck. These extensor muscles are responsible for keeping us upright and balanced. Due to the stance position, at address, a slight increase in tension is noted into all the major thigh muscles. This muscle activity is in response to the anticipated movement of the arms that will occur during the next phase of the swing, the back swing. 7

8 Summary Arms are in a relaxed in front of the body with tension into the forearms, wrist and hands. Trunk and spine extensors or back muscles are stabilizing to hold the address position. The major lower extremity muscles are also active and functioning to stabilize. These muscles include the quadriceps or front of the thigh muscles, hip adductors or groin, the hip extensors including the hamstrings and the calves. Back swing a. Take-away The takeaway, or first part of the back swing, is not particularly stressful with the shoulders and trunk ideally rotating as one stable unit. The trunk and abdominal muscles are most responsible for controlling this movement. These muscle groups are utilized to control stress to the spine by providing stability from the top of the pelvis to the bottom of the ribs. The trunk stabilizers include the abdominal and the back muscles. These muscles tighten together to brace and protect this region of the body. b. Top of the back swing As the club moves to the top of the back swing a number of factors can lead to unnecessary stress. The path of the club directly dictates the direction of stress on the spine. In comparison, the classic swing used a relatively flat path or plane while the modern swing uses a more upright plane. A steeper or more upright plane, consistent with the modern golf swing, causes more stress because the twisting of the upper body occurs vertically while the hips and lower spine twist in a more horizontal direction. This coiling in different directions generates power but can also cause injury. 8

9 Side bending of the trunk and spine is also stressful. The amount of side bending seen during the golf swing is directly related to the amount of sliding that occurs at the hips as the golfer moves into the back swing. This excessive side bending motion can causes a dipping of the left shoulder and head at the top of the back swing, leading to a common biomechanical swing fault called a reverse pivot. Strong evidence exists that excessive side bending is linked to low back injury. At the top of the back swing we typically see a difference in the amount of rotation between the shoulders and hips. For professional golfers, we often see a 45 hip turn and a 90 or greater shoulder rotation. The difference between these motions can be called the X-factor. An increase in the X-factor can potentially increase distance. Summary As we have seen the back swing is a sequence of movements that occur as the golfer rotates the trunk and lifts the club up with the upper extremities. The shoulder muscles are active as the club moves away from the ball. The shoulder girdle will continue to remain active, including the rotator cuff, as the golfer lifts the club. The hand and wrist muscles all work to control the weight of the club as the club is positioned above the head at the top of the back swing. The oblique abdominals and the erector spinae or spine extensors are working to rotate the trunk. The loading side hip internal rotators are active while the target hip external rotators are active. 9

10 Downswing There are many different cues to initiate the downward motion of the golf swing. For some it is the hands while for others it is the hips or trunk. From an injury prevention standpoint, the body must properly link or transfer motion from one part of the body to the next. The ideal sequence in golf is to transfer motion beginning with the lower body. The movement goes from the lower body to the torso, then the upper body. It moves to the shoulders, the hands and, finally, the club. This will assure that maximal speed occurs at ball impact. It is essential for the abdominal groups to be active during this process to assure a stable posture. Remember, if the spine is out of its neutral position it is vulnerable. Summary The transition at the top of back swing occurs when the direction of swing changes from right to left. This begins the uncoiling phase of the golf swing. This phase is most stressful to the body if combined with poor technique. The highest forces of side bending, shear and rotation all occur during this phase. The golfer must properly link the motion during this phase of the golf swing to allow an efficient transfer of energy from one segment of the body to the next. Proper timing or linking of this motion will maximize club head speed. Impact The majority of golf related injuries occur at impact. This is due to the maximum velocity the body reaches as the club makes contact with the ball. With the hips turning and sliding so quickly, the spine becomes vulnerable to injury. 10

11 Summary Both the head and neck are bending and moving forward and to the right Back produces rotational movement and side bending as it moves toward the target Hips open to the target after the impact and into the follow through The greatest muscle activity and tension is produced as the club is brought back to the ball. The shoulder girdle, including the rotator cuff is active. Other active muscles including the serratus anterior that connects the shoulder blade to the rib cage and the pectoral or chest muscles that actively accelerating the arms. The mid-back muscles including the lower trapezius act to stabilizer the shoulder blade. The trunk muscles including the abdominal groups and the erector spinae or spine extensors are active. The hip muscles that are most active include the hip rotators, hip adductors and hip abductors. Hip rotators weakness is common in golf. If the hip adductors and abductors are dominate during this phase, the golfer may lack leg stability and a sliding motion can occur. All leg muscles are active as weight is transferred towards the target. Follow-through The follow-through or finish involves a full rotation of the body towards the target. Provided that this rotation occurs with the spine in a straight position, the finish produces minimal stress. A follow-through position consisting of either 11

12 excessive side bending or arching of the spine (i.e. reverse-c) can lead to pain or injury. Summary Ideally, as the club moves through impact it is accelerating. Just past impact the club will immediately begin to decelerate. The muscles that are active during this phase of the golf swing work together providing: 1) Rotation of the body to a balanced finish position. The golfer needs to maintain support, approximately 95% of the golfers body weight, on the target leg as they finish the golf swing. The ability to complete this activity requires strength and balance of the hip and trunk muscles. 2) Deceleration of the body as the golf club is moved to a position over the shoulder. Golf Stretch Program Goals The stretches that each golfer performs are designed to provide the following benefits. Get Extra Distance Improve Accuracy Provide Consistency Reduce Fatigue Eliminate or Manage Injuries Provide a Healthier Golf Swing 12

13 Self Tests When we put golfers through the following tests, we see stark differences from player to player, even if outwardly they look to be in similar physical shape. When you lack a full range of motion in any of these key areas (hips, shoulders or spine), inconsistencies begin to appear in your swing. For example, if you have limited right hip rotation, you might have a lateral sway in your backswing to compensate. Your mechanics also break down if you are unable to complete a full range of motion. We have seen golfers with tremendous flexibility in their upper bodies yet significant restrictions in their lower bodies. Too much of one range of motion does not make up for a deficit in another. They must complement each other in order for the swing to work properly. Now, let s get started and see how you do. 13

14 Trunk Rotation Test Instructions: Sit in chair with feet shoulder width apart, with erect posture. Place a golf club behind your neck and across shoulders. Look straight ahead, then rotate to your left as far as possible, then right. Hips should remain stable throughout the movement. Pretend you are facing a clock in front of you. The clock is set at 12 o clock. As you turn to the right, where is the middle of your chest pointing? To 1:00, 2:00 or 3:00? Now, turn to the left and record your results. Results: Left Side (follow through) Straight ahead is 12:00 (backswing) Right Side I turned to 11:00 I turned to 1:00 I turned to 10:00 I turned to 2:00 I turned to 9:00 I turned to 3:00 14

15 Internal and External Shoulder Rotation Reach behind your back and attempt to touch the opposite shoulder blade. Results: Left side: a. I could reach just past my belt line b. I could reach part way up my back c. I could reach my opposite shoulder blade Right side: d. I could reach just past my belt line e. I could reach part way up my back f. I could reach my opposite shoulder blade Part 2: Instructions: Reach over your shoulder and attempt to touch the top corner of the opposite shoulder blade. inside 15

16 Left side: a) I could not reach past the top of my shoulder blade b) I could reach in between my shoulder blades c) I could reach my opposite shoulder blade Right side: a. I could not reach past the top of my shoulder blade b. I could reach in between my shoulder blades c. I could reach my opposite shoulder blade Can both hands touch? Yes or no?(circle which one) 16

19 CHEST (PEC MINOR AND MAJOR) TEST Lie on your back with your legs extended Place arms behind your head. Extend both elbows out to the side and allow them to drop to the floor. Left: a. elbow is several inches off the ground b. elbow is within an inch of the ground c. elbow touches the ground Right: d. elbow is several inches off the ground e. elbow is within an inch of the ground f. elbow touches the ground 19

20 Neck Rotation Test Instructions: Sit upright in a chair with good posture. Make sure you are sitting with your shoulders and back against the chair. Turn your head to the right, then the left. How far did you turn? Record difference on the right and left sides. Results: Left: a) Does your chin reach between your pecs and your shoulder? b) Does your chin reach just inside your shoulder blade? c) Is your chin aligned with the seam on your shirt? Right: d) Does your chin reach between your pecs and your shoulder? e) Does your chin reach just inside your shoulder blade? f) Is your chin aligned with the seam on your shirt? 20

21 Hip Flexor Test Instructions: Lie on your back with both legs extended. Place your arms around one knee and gently bring it towards your chest. Notice the final position of the extended leg. Results: a. My straight leg came off the ground several inches b. My straight leg came off the ground slightly c. My straight leg stayed in the same position 21

22 Sit and Reach Test (Hamstring and Low Back) Instructions: Sit on floor with legs straight and extended in front of you about 8 inches apart Place one hand on top of the other and reach out as far as you can towards your toes while bending at the hip. Do not bend from the upper back. Results: a. I couldn t reach past my knees b. I could reach within 6 of my feet c. I could touch my toes d. I could reach through my toes 22

23 ON COURSE WARM UP A Winning Warm Up According to a study produced by the British Journal of Sports Medicine, a dynamic warm up can have a significant impact on your club head speed. In fact, following a study conducted on 20 golfers of matching gender, age and handicap, it appears those who performed dynamic warm up stretches as opposed to those who did nothing before play, club head speed was increased by over 24%! There are many ways to conduct a warm up or stretch routine. Each method can produce results for a golfer. However, studies similar to the one just mentioned has shown that the best way to warm up just prior to a round of golf is through the use of dynamic stretches. Dynamic stretches are those that keep the body in constant motion. They are not stretches which you hold for 10, 20 or even 30 seconds. These are stretches you hold for no more than 1 to 2 seconds and keep your body temperature warm with fluid movements. One of the critical reasons why golfers use this stretching method is based on research which has shown that static stretching (stretch and hold) performed just prior to an event can temporarily decrease 23

24 strength levels. This is obviously not the desired outcome for any level of golfer, so be sure to stick with dynamic stretches before play. Here are some great stretches which hit all the major areas that have an impact on your swing and will provide the necessary ingredients to a winning warm up. Each stretch should be repeated 7 to 10 times on each side. Hold each stretch for 1 to 2 seconds while breathing out on exertion. Why only 7 stretches? Too many stretch programs require too much time and effort and cut into your overall practice time. The bottom line is that golfers will tend not to do anything if the recommendations are perceived as too complicated. These simple 7 stretches warm up your body and accomplish the same objective and they are easy to remember and perform! Repeat each stretch approximately 5 times (per side) and keep your body moving throughout. Here are the Simple 7 Warm Up Stretches before you play 24

25 Hamstring-IT Band Standing Stretch Hamstring Stretch a Hamstring Stretch b Place both hands over your head while grasping the club slightly further than shoulder width apart. Cross left leg over the top of right leg and bend forward from the hip while keeping a straight back. 25

26 High Knee Lift High Knee Lift a High Knee Lift b Start this stretch with an athletic body position. Lift one leg and place both hands around the knee, pulling the extended knee in close to your body and up towards your chest. Once your balance is established, try lifting your heel up on your single leg. 26

27 Lunge with Rotation Lunge w/ Rotation a Lunge w/ Rotation b Step forward with your right leg, then rotate your body into the forward leg. Push off your right leg and return to your start position. Repeat 5 times on each side. 27

28 Golf Swing Revolutions Golf Swing Revolutions a Golf Swing Revolutions b Hold a club out in front of your body with hands on opposite ends of the club. Place your spine in a neutral position. Begin with small swings, gradually increasing your range of motion and keeping a nice easy rhythm from backswing to downswing. 28

29 Advanced Side Stretch Advanced Side Stretch a Advanced Side Stretch b Place both hands on your club slightly further than shoulder width apart. Place right foot forward with knees slightly bent. Begin by shifting weight over to the opposite side, stretching both your hip flexors and obliques. 29

30 Mid Back Standing Stretch Mid Back Standing Stretch a Mid Back Standing Stretch b Place your feet about shoulder width apart and your body in an athletic position, bending forward from the hip. Place your left hand on the club while resting it against your right thigh. Place your right hand in the middle of your head. Begin the stretch by rotating your right side back as far as you comfortably can, reaching a stretch in your mid back and upper shoulder. 30

31 Standing Shoulder Stretch Standing Shoulder Stretch a Standing Shoulder Stretch b Place your left hand on the shaft of the club and underneath your arm pit with the face of the club pointed up. Hold the face of the club with your right hand. Begin this stretch by lifting your hand up a couple of inches until you feel slight tension in the top of your shoulder. 31

32 The Magic 3 Despite your best intentions in getting in all of the stretches that are best for you, it is likely you may still run out of time or desire something even more simple as a pre-round warm up. No problem. Remember the goal is to get your body warm and get the most out of your game. So, if I had to choose only 3 stretches and condense the warm up time even further.this is what I would choose as the Magic 3. High Knee Lift High Knee Lift a High Knee Lift b 32

33 Start this stretch with an athletic body position. Lift one leg and place both hands around the knee, pulling the extended knee in close to your body and up towards your chest. Once your balance is established, try lifting your heel up on your single leg. Standing Back Stretch Standing Back Stretch a Standing Back Stretch b Stand in an athletic position with both hands on your thighs. You should be bending forward at the hips. Use some leverage by pressing your hands into your thigh and turning your spine to one side, then back to the beginning. Repeat to the other side. Alternate between sides while pausing briefly at the center. 33

34 Standing Shoulder Stretch Standing Shoulder Stretch a Standing Shoulder Stretch b Place your left hand on the shaft of the club and underneath your arm pit with the face of the club pointed up. Hold the face of the club with your right hand. Begin this stretch by lifting your hand up a couple of inches until you feel slight tension in the top of your shoulder. 34

35 AT HOME STRETCHES Super 6 for Flexibility There is no question that the need for increased mobility and flexibility are among the top concerns with golfers of all ages and abilities. The chief threats to a golfer s game include tightness or movement restrictions of the spine, shoulders and hips. These three areas account for almost every major swing fault a golfer encounters. Take a look at how you performed on the flexibility tests in the assessments phase. Which stretches do you need to do more often? It is perfectly ok to spend more time with repetitions and stretches for areas that you have identified as tight spots. While you can continue to use the dynamic stretch method we mentioned earlier in the warm up phase, it is preferred to use static stretching for at home stretches. Stretch Technique Static stretching is when you place a muscle in a stretch to its furthest point and simply hold the stretch for 10 to 20 seconds. The goal is to slowly bring your muscle into a stretch until your muscle feels a gentle pull or you have a feeling of slight discomfort. Also try this. Take nice deep breath and put your muscle into slight tension. 35

36 Then breathe out. Take another deep breath in and see if you can bring the muscle even a little further. Each stretch is typically repeated 3 to 5 times with the suggested hold time mentioned above. By placing the muscles under tension for this period of time, it allows the muscles and tendons to lengthen in response. 36

37 Hip Stretch Hip Stretch a Hip Stretch b Place both your front and back legs bent to 90 degrees. Place one hand inside your thigh and one hand outside the same thigh. Keep a flat back and bend forward from the hip as far as you can maintain the same spine angle. 37

38 Kneeling Mid Back Stretch Kneeling Mid Back Stretch a Kneeling Mid Back Stretch b Kneel on the ground with hands and knees in contact with the floor. Place your right hand on the back of your head. Begin rotating your upper body up and back until you feel mild tension in your mid back. 38

40 Shoulder and Mid Back Stretch Shoulder & Mid Back Stretch a Shoulder & Mid Back Stretch b In a seated position, extend your left leg while tucking the other close to your body. Place your left hand on your right knee and left hand over the top of your opposite shoulder. Use your hand on your knee as leverage to extend further into your stretch as you rotate your body towards your folded knee. Continue reaching further down your back with your right hand towards your opposite shoulder blade. 40

42 Lying Back Stretch Lying Back Stretch a Lying Back Stretch b Lie on the floor with your arms and legs extended out. Begin by placing your left leg over your right with the knee bent. Place your right hand on the knee joint and allow the bent knee to reach towards the ground. 42

43 Special Tight Spots In addition to the home stretches just mentioned, please use some of these stretches if you have identified through the self tests that you have some especially tight areas. Tight Neck and Shoulders Place one arm around your back at the level of your belt line. Begin the stretch by turning your head away from the direction of the bent arm. You should feel a stretch across your neck and shoulders. Remember to keep your shoulder blades back and down. Hold and then return to the start position. 43

44 Neck and Shoulders #2 Sit down on a chair or weight bench with upright posture. Place one hand around the edge of the bench or stool. Place your opposite hand on the middle of the top of your head. Gently bring your head towards your shoulder. Hold this stretch and then guide your head back to neutral. Repeat. Perform a separate set for each side. 44

45 Back #1 - Begin by placing one hand on the back of your head and the other on your thigh. Bend forward from the waist into a comfortable position. Start the stretch by lifting your bent elbow back and up. You should feel a good stretch across your mid back. Pull your navel to your spine throughout. Hold and then return to start, releasing the stretch. Make sure your low back is making the movement and you are not just allowing your elbows to lift. Keep your right side stable as you turn into it. 45

46 Back #2 Lie on the ground with your arms straight up to the ceiling and palms facing one another. Start the movement by extending your arms straight back towards the ground and holding while keeping your back flat on the ground. Return to the start position and repeat. 46

47 Back #3 Start by flexing your knees and placing both hands on your thighs. Bend forward from the waist until you reach a comfortable position. Begin the stretch by turning your right shoulder in as you open your chest toward the opposite shoulder (shown). You should feel a good stretch across your mid back. Be sure to keep your chest up and stomach muscles taut throughout this movement. Hold this position and then return to your start position. 47

48 Trunk #1 Stand with your feet shoulder width apart and your back straight. Place your left hand behind your head and allow your right arm to rest at your side. Slowly bend your body over to the side extending your straight arm down your leg and towards the ground until you feel a stretch in your side muscles. 48

49 Shoulders #1 Grab a golf towel with one hand and place it behind your back. Reach behind with your opposite hand and take hold of the towel. Pull the towel up with the top hand, and then slide the towel down with your lower hand. 49

50 Shoulders #2 Place one arm straight up next to your head with palm facing forward. Take your opposite arm and bend it across your head grasping your straight arm on the backside of your elbow joint. Gently pull your straight arm back into a stretch. Be sure to keep your body straight as tight shoulders will want to pull on your whole upper body backward. Keep your stomach muscles taut and posture upright. Then proceed to stretch your shoulder until you reach a place of slight discomfort. 50

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