In 1971, artist Chris Burden got a friend to shoot him in the
arm with a rifle. The filming of this action made it known he would put himself
in danger to prove his artistic dedication. Later he was recorded lying face
up on a VW Beetle with nails hammered into his hands as if being crucified. The car was pushed into the sun long
enough to be photographed with motor revved, then shoved back inside the
garage.(http://www.theartstory.org/artist-burden-chris.htm)