Oumm3203 Assignment

Bribery is an act of giving money or gift giving that alters the behavior of the recipient.Bribery constitutes a crime and is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as the offering, giving,receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other personin charge of a public or legal duty.The bribe is the gift bestowed to influence the recipient's conduct. It may be any money,good, right in action, property, preferment, privilege, emolument, object of value, advantage, or merely a promise or undertaking to induce or influence the action, vote, or influence of a personin an official or public capacity.In economics, the bribe has been described as rent. Bribery in bureaucracy has beenviewed as a reason for the higher cost of production of goods and services.

1.1Forms of bribery

Many types of bribes exist: tip, gift, sop, perk, skim, favor, discount, waived fee/ticket,free food, free ad, free trip, free tickets, sweetheart deal, kickback/payback, funding, inflated saleof an object or property, lucrative contract, donation, campaign contribution, fundraiser,sponsorship/backing, higher paying job, stock options, secret commission, or promotion (rise of position/rank).One must be careful of differing social and cultural norms when examining bribery.Expectations of when a monetary transaction is appropriate can differ from place to place.Political campaign contributions in the form of cash, for example, are considered criminal acts of bribery in some countries, while in the United States, provided they adhere to election law, arelegal. Tipping, for example, is considered bribery in some societies, while in others the twoconcepts may not be interchangeable.In some Spanish-speaking countries, bribes are referred to as "mordida" (literally, "bite");in Arab countries they are Baksheesh or Bakshish. However, Bakshish is more akin to tipping.French-speaking countries often use the expressions "dessous-de-table" ("under-the-table"commissions), "pot-de-vin" (literally, "wine-pot"), or "commission occulte" ("secretcommission" or "kickback"). While the last two expressions contain inherently a negative1