Wednesday, July 11, 2007

Mob Past Memories Are Dusted Off for Trial

In the biggest organized crime trial here in years, jurors scribbled dutifully in notebooks Monday as the son of a reputed mob leader offered a rare, almost surreal how-to lesson about growing up in the “Chicago Outfit.”

The witness, Frank Calabrese Jr., defined terms like “work cars” (untraceable cars for use in crimes), “juice loans” (“high interest loans,” he said, from “the Outfit”) and “underbosses” (akin, he explained, to “vice presidents of companies”).

Mr. Calabrese also told of hidden Uzis, shotguns and rifles in a wall of the home he once shared with his grandmother. And, in his nasal Chicago tone, he outlined essential mores of the Outfit, like, “You weren’t supposed to steal without permission.”

On trial here are five men, including Mr. Calabrese’s father, Frank Sr., who federal prosecutors say were powerful leaders in the city’s organized crime operations in decades gone by. The men are accused of taking part in a racketeering conspiracy that included gambling, loan sharking and 18 killings that, until now, had never led to charges.

Among those deaths: the fatal beatings in 1986 of Tony Spilotro, a chief enforcer in Las Vegas known as the Ant, and his brother, Michael, who were found buried in an Indiana cornfield.

Fourteen men, including some in their 70s, were indicted in the case when it began in 2005, but time and age, among other things, has thinned the numbers. Two of the initial defendants died. One is too sick to stand trial. Six others have pleaded guilty.

On Monday, five men — some balding and one, Joey Lombardo, known as the Clown, who was rolled into court in a wheelchair — listened intently as the younger Mr. Calabrese, 47, repeatedly broke another of what he described as the Outfit’s dos and don’ts: “A lot of things you weren’t supposed to talk about.”

Mr. Calabrese, whose testimony began last week and is expected to go on for days to come, told of discussions he said he had overheard about killings, including those of the Spilotro brothers. He said his father and an uncle, Nicholas, had once planned out a shooting by setting up two chairs in their office like the front seat of a car and practicing how it would come down. He said the same uncle had once asked him to fish a murder weapon out of a Chicago sewer; he was working for the city’s sewer department at the time, Mr. Calabrese said, and retrieved the gun while out on the job.

The elder Mr. Calabrese, 70, who has pleaded not guilty to the charges, said nothing aloud in court Monday, but he repeatedly whispered to his lawyer, Joseph Lopez, and sometimes smiled or smirked or shook his head as his son spoke. Mr. Lopez, in an opening statement when the trial began last month, suggested that his client and his son simply did not get along.

“It’s very difficult for any parent to see his child testify against him,” Mr. Lopez told reporters last week. But on the stand, the younger Mr. Calabrese (whose code name was Jr. on the elaborate handwritten spreadsheets for collecting “street taxes” and counting cuts in gambling operations that were flashed on a large screen before jurors) said he had sought his father’s promise a decade ago that he would “stop his ways” and “semi-retire from the Outfit.”

Total retirement, the son explained, was impossible. “Stepping back,” where people were called on only once in a while, was allowed. But while father and son were both in prison for loan sharking, the younger Mr. Calabrese testified, it became clear that the elder man was not planning to quit at all. That, the witness said, was when he wrote a letter to the F.B.I., offering all that he knew.

If the trial, which is expected to last much of the summer, seemed to some full of faded organized crime images — white-haired men in failing health and nicknames out of a forgotten book — it did not, apparently, to others.

Last week one witness, Joel Glickman, went to jail for refusing to testify against the defendants. He said he was afraid of what might happen to him if he talked.

On Monday, Mr. Glickman, 71, came to court — appearing grumpy but willing to talk about the hundreds of thousands in “street taxes” he said he had paid as a bookmaker since the 1960s. Mr. Glickman had nothing unpleasant to say, though, about Mr. Calabrese or the other men on trial. Under questioning by Mr. Lopez, he took pains to say that Mr. Calabrese had always been cordial and diplomatic and that he had never threatened him in the least.

Loyalty, Mr. Calabrese, the son, explained to the jury, was another of the dos and don’ts he had learned from his father.

He recalled that after the Spilotro deaths, he pledged he would avenge the death of his father and his uncle if they were ever similarly killed.

“One of the rules of the Outfit was that your Outfit family came before your blood family,” he said. He added, “It also came before God.”

But the trial has shown that family ties, whatever the family, don’t always hold. Later in the trial, Nicholas Calabrese, the uncle, is also scheduled to testify — for the prosecution.

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