Minimising carbohydrate (CHO) status in the peri-training period may accelerate the training adaptations normally observed. The aim of this study was to compare adaptations to endurance training undertaken in the acutely CHO fed and overnight-fasted states. Eight female and six male untrained, healthy participants: aged 26.6+/-5.8 years (mean+/-SD); height 174.7+/-7.6 ...

Although metabolic training adaptations are considered to be an important aim of recreational endurance exercise, effects of aerobic endurance training on metabolism have hardly been recorded over longer training periods. The aim of the study was therefore to record changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), substrate oxidation at rest and ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of exercise prescribed with the amount completed between two different modes of training intervention and between the sexes. Thirty-two men (mean age = 39.1 years, body mass index = 32.9 kg x m(-2)) and women (mean age = 39.6 years, ...

To evaluate whether training on a virtual reality laparoscopic simulator improves the performance on a laparoscopic box trainer. Twenty-six subjects were trained using a box trainer, and 17 participants were trained using a virtual simulator. Participants in the experimental group completed 1 session of 5 exercises on the box trainer, ...

Regular exercise may improve systemic markers of chronic inflammation, but direct evidence and dose-response information is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the effect and time course of changes in markers of chronic inflammation in response to progressive exercise training (and subsequent detraining). Forty-one sedentary men 45-64 ...

Exercise testing is a valuable prognostic tool and exercise training has many health benefits in cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective of this study was to survey the provision of exercise testing and training in UK CF clinics. A three-page questionnaire was used to determine the extent of, scope and importance ...

One of the main outcomes of aerobic endurance exercise training is the improved maximal oxygen uptake, and this is pivotal to the improved work capacity that follows the exercise training. Improved maximal oxygen uptake in turn is at least partly achieved because exercise training increases the ability of the myocardium ...

Exercise training is assumed to improve myocardial function; however, the role of detraining and its effect on myocardial parameters are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of detraining on ventricular remodeling and myocardial mechanical parameters after an 8 week (5 days/week, 60 min/day) ...

Endurance training and ingestion of green tea extract (GTE), composed mainly of tea catechins (TC), are well known to enhance fat metabolism. However, their synergistic effects remain to be fully elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that endurance training supplemented with GTE would further accelerate whole-body fat utilization during exercise, compared ...

This study examined whether regular exercise training, at a level that would be recommended for middle-aged people interested in improving fitness could lead to improved cognitive performance and increased blood flow to the brain in another primate species. Adult female cynomolgus monkeys were trained to run on treadmills for 1 ...

Circuit training is a very popular methodology in fitness program because it allows to join together cardiovascular and strength training. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological effects of circuit training performed at different intensities on body composition, strength and blood lactate in middle-aged subjects who had ...

INTRODUCTION: Adipose tissue-derived hormones act as key mediators that may link active lifestyles to improved cardiovascular function. This study tested the hypothesis that a single weight training session would beneficially modulate adipokine profile in a way that would exert protection against endothelial dysfunction, in trained but not sedentary subjects. METHODS: ...

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study is to determine if training on the Mimic dV-Trainer (MdVT) simulator results in improved ability on the da Vinci surgical system (dVSS) using exercises with inanimate objects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve trainees (MdVT group) and 10 residents and one fellow (dVSS group) were ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of respiratory muscle endurance training on endurance exercise performance in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Eighteen healthy males were stratified for age and aerobic capacity; and randomly assigned either to the respiratory muscle endurance training (RMT = 9) or to the ...

We examined whether improvements in the performance and health profile of an intensive 12-week football intervention could be maintained with a reduced training frequency. Seventeen healthy untrained males completed the study. Ten subjects trained 2.4 times/week for 12 weeks and another 52 weeks with 1.3 sessions/week [football group (FG)] and ...

The time course and mechanisms of adjustment of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V(O(2))) kinetics (time constant tauV(O(2p))) were examined during step transitions from 20 W to moderate-intensity cycling in eight older men (O; 68 +/- 7 yr) and eight young men (Y; 23 +/- 5 yr) before training and at 3, ...

This investigation examined Akt-FOXO3A signaling in young women (YW) and old women (OW) before and after 12 weeks of high-intensity resistance training. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and immediately after resistance exercise (RE) in the untrained and trained states. In response to RE in YW and ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of individuals with a cervical spinal cord injury to achieve and sustain a cardiorespiratory training intensity during wheelchair rugby. Nine wheelchair rugby players completed a continuous peak exercise test on a SciFit Pro I arm ergometer with stage increases each ...

BACKGROUND: Lone atrial fibrillation (LAF) seems to be more common in endurance-trained male athletes than in men in the general population. The reason for this has not been found. AIM: To determine the prevalence of LAF in long-term endurance cross-country skiers and to examine possible predictors. METHODS: Of 149 healthy, ...

The use of instability devices and exercises to train the core musculature is an essential feature of many training centres and programs. It was the intent of this position stand to provide recommendations regarding the role of instability in resistance training programs designed to train the core musculature. The core ...

Exercise training-induced cardiac hypertrophy occurs following a program of aerobic endurance exercise training and it is considered as a physiologically beneficial adaptation. To investigate the underlying biology of physiological hypertrophy, we rely on robust experimental models of exercise training in laboratory animals that mimic the training response in humans. A ...

Orbotron training is a popular training method for fighter pilots because it replicates a high-acceleration environment with excessive G-force. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 9 weeks of orbotron training on oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant capacity in humans during 3-dimensional space exercise. The subjects ...

Does resistance training, either alone or as an adjunct to aerobic training, improve cardiac function, exercise capacity and quality of life in people with chronic heart failure? Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials. Adults with stable chronic heart failure. Progressive resistance exercise training, alone or as an adjunct to ...

Exercise training results in a speeding of pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics at the onset of exercise in adults; however, only limited research has been conducted with children and adolescents. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to examine VO2 and muscle deoxygenation kinetics in trained and untrained male ...

Cardiac fatigue and elevations in cardiac biomarkers have been described following prolonged exertion in endurance athletes. We comprehensively evaluated a highly trained 46-year-old man attempting a North American transcontinental run in a record time of 45 consecutive days. After running 1460 km and ascending over 2600 m, the run was ...

It has not been assessed before whether mathematical models described in the literature for prescriptions of exercise can be used for fibromyalgia syndrome patients. The objective of this paper was to determine how age-predicted heart rate formulas can be used with fibromyalgia syndrome populations as well as to find out ...

To study the effect of unsupported upper limb and lower limb exercise training and their combined influence on the exercise performance and health-related quality of life in COPD patients. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, through block randomization. Of the three groups, group A received ...

Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) may develop exercise intolerance due to musculoskeletal involvement, restrictive lung disease, left ventricular dysfunction, or pulmonary vasculopathy (PV). The latter is particularly important since it may lead to lethal pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that abnormalities during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with ...

Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a good method for measuring airway resistance. It does not require special breathing skills and it can reflect different aspects of airway obstruction to those revealed by spirometry, which is an effort-dependent maneuver. To evaluate the characteristics of airway obstruction in young asthmatics after an exercise ...

Kemi Ole Johan OJ Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. - - 2010

Regular exercise training confers beneficial effects to the heart as well as to the entire body. This occurs partly because exercise training improves skeletal muscle work capacity and reduces resistance, thus increasing conductance in the peripheral circulation. More directly, exercise training also alters extrinsic modulation of the heart and improves ...

The limited available evidence suggests that endurance training does not influence the pulmonary oxygen uptake (V(O)(2)) kinetics of pre-pubertal children. We hypothesised that, in young trained swimmers, training status-related adaptations in the V(O)(2) and heart rate (HR) kinetics would be more evident during upper body (arm cranking) than during leg ...

The effects of endurance training on endurance performance characteristics and cardiac autonomic modulation during night sleep were investigated. Twenty-four sedentary subjects trained over four weeks two hours per week at an average running intensity of 76+/-4% of their heart rate reserve. The R to R ECG-intervals were recorded and heart ...

OBJECTIVES:: In April 2006, Connecticut conducted an exercise that tested its ability to receive and dispense antibiotics from the Strategic National Stockpile. In conjunction with the exercise, a competency-based assessment was performed to determine the training needs of point of dispensing (POD) workers. METHODS:: POD core competencies were developed by ...

This aims of this study were to investigate the effects of carbohydrate availability during endurance training on the plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha response to a subsequent acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise. Three groups of recreationally active males performed 6 weeks of high-intensity interval running. ...

The present study investigated the performance effects and physiological adaptations over 16 weeks of recreational football training and continuous running for healthy untrained premenopausal women in comparison with an inactive control group [Football group (FG): n=21; running group (RG): n=18; CO: n=14]. Two weekly 1-h training sessions were performed in ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of respiratory muscle endurance training on endurance exercise performance in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Eighteen healthy males were stratified for age and aerobic capacity; and randomly assigned either to the respiratory muscle endurance training (RMT = 9) or to the ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent resistance and endurance cycle training on physiologic and performance parameters of cyclists. Before and after a 6-week training intervention period, 14 well-trained male cyclists completed a maximal graded exercise test, a 30-km dynamic cycling test with 3 intermittent ...

Observational studies have reported a significant inverse association between physical function/aerobic capacity and mortality in patients with CKD. Several randomized controlled trials have provided evidence of a cardioprotective effect of exercise training via multiple mechanisms, which may result in a reduction of cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with CKD. ...

BACKGROUND: High-intensity interval training has been shown to be superior to moderate continuous exercise training in improving exercise capacity and endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate this training model on in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention for stable or unstable ...

Clinicians use neuromuscular control exercises to enhance joint position sense (JPS); however, because standardizing such exercises is difficult, validations of their use are limited. To evaluate the acute effects of a neuromuscular training exercise with a handheld vibrating dumbbell on elbow JPS acuity. Crossover study. University athletic training research laboratory. ...

The present study examined muscle adaptations and alterations in work capacity in endurance-trained runners as a result of a reduced amount of training combined with speed endurance training. For a 6- to 9-wk period, 17 runners were assigned to either a speed endurance group with a 25% reduction in the ...