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Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1849-05-02

Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1849-05-02 page 1

Win lp Eli JU Y OHIO OURNAL VOLUME XXXIX. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, MAY 2, 1849. NUMBER 36. PUUUMII'.D KVF.IIY WEDNESDAY MORNING, BY THRALL & HEED. ir , JlRcein tha Journal Uaildiw?, south Ctrl corner of High sirootand Sugarallny. WM.il. THRALL AM) 111'NKY REED, Euitohs. TERMS: ,. , . TnnEEDoi.LAltnpKH AKi!,wliichninybodiBOlinrgocJ by tlio payment ofTwo Uoi.i.AHsin advance, nud true ol postage, or of pr omitnifc to Agents or Collectors. The Journal is alo puliltHhrl Daily mid I ri-Wenkly du ng lliovoar; Daily, per mi i. JjtH ; Tri-W nMy.jf.-i W. VViiDNlCDAY KVli.NING, April 3(J40 llepenl oi'the Illnck Law Who prolits by it 1 It pleases the editors of Hie Statesman and the Cincinnati Globe to represent us as being disobliged by the repeal of the Ulack Laws by the last Legislature. Aa these gentle inon have only to put themselves upon the itand and testify, in order to prove precisely whai they please, it ii useless for us to ounlend ngainat either their allegations or their proof ; and aa since thai beautiful .consolidation of mutual interests, cemented by mutual dishonesty, took place, which wm solemnized under the ghostly auspices of the late Legislature, they havo acquired the ability to testify in each other' cause, we know of nothing that they cannot sub-itautiato when it is for their interest to undertake. For many years in fact, over smco the repeal of the Ulack Laws hat been agitated, the Journal lias been the steady and consistent advocate of iuch repeal, and the Statesman has during the same time been ita violent and uncompromising opponent. The evidence of this slate of facts does not lio in the declarations of tho editors of the Statesman and Globp, but can be exhibited any day by an appeal to the files of the papers themselves. The course of the Journal was the result of a conviction on the part of its con duclors, of tho injuslicc of the provisions of the laws, as well as of a desire to avoid that species of public notation, which it is now charged with ondeavoring to foster. The course of the Statesman was, wo presume, dictated by views and opinions of an opposite character. Tho relalivo position of the two papers was not changed at the last St.a to canvass, from what it had been for years before. Tho Locofoco pirty, with the Statesman at its head, went into the eiectin pledged against the repeal of tho obnoxious statutes charging j the Whig with lha advocacy of that repeal as a crime, j and endeavoring, by every possible means, to make it the main question at issue between the parties. The1 Legislature thus elected, consummated the repeal. Tho Whigs did what was expected of I hem, and what they intended to do, if possible The Locofocns violated their pledges, and did the very a:t which befre the election they had denounced as the climax of all that was wicked and false. The editor of the Globe tells willful untruth when he charges ns with harboring feelings of disappointment or sorrow because the Mack Laws have been repealed. We were anxious thai the obsolete as well j as the oppressive should bo taken from among our laws ; and have done more to secure that result than lint Statesman certainty we were about to say than a regiment of such time-serving, hobby-riding gentry as tho Statesman's new allies. It was the Globo and is compeers who rode the repeal at a holiby the Journal never. We have lost nothing by it; but havo gained by tho dispersion of a cloud in the political atmosphere of the Htule. On the other hand third partyism lost its all, the first time it won it bartered its prancing steed to secure a momentary triumph, with the reward of going on fuot the remainder of its days. We shall continue to show up Locofoco inconsistency in this nutter ; and if the editor of the Globe is unwilling that the true character of his allies should be known, his true course is not to povoke discussion ; for there is a homely proverb, under whoso operation the whole exhibition may cuino, Vnccrtttiu Telegraphing. We observe m the telegraph intelligence of yesterday that the Statesman killed off tlie brother of the late 'resident of the United Slates M-ijur polk; while our translator, more ambitious, conferred the paralytic stroke upon the Ex-President himself. If we recollect aright, the despateh said "Colonel Polk ; " till our neighbor may bo right. Ho is much more of a l'n Ik man than we are. We will toss up with him which it shall be. H hoot in o at Dayton. Alexander II. Folkerth was shot on Saturday night last by a man named Wright. It appears that the gun was discharged from the house of Wright, who complains of having been disturbed by the deceased. Folkerth died on Monday night. Thero is a mystery hanging over tho attar which the papers fail tu elucidate. A Popular Mas, ash a Good ArroiNTstr.-iT. John W. Allen, of Cleveland, Otiio, has been appointed to the ullice of Mineral Agent. In noticing this appointment, wo observe, with satisfaction, that it n announced willi expressions of commendation by the paers of all parties in tho city of Cleveland, each vieing with the other in speaking its satisfaction. IL7"Tho Wyandot Tribune of Saturday last, notices tho departure from that place of the Hon. Joseph Chalice, for California. Ho was one of the Associate Judges of tho county, and a highly respectable and estimable man. The place rendered vacant by the resignation of Judge Chaffee, has been filled by the appointment of Andrew M Anderson. Tin Stoma Tk kkt. At tho late charter election at Upper Suidnsky, the entire Stoga ticket was elect, rd, with the exception of one Whig councilman. The Locos failed loelect l single officer. Uoys, stir up the monkeys ! " ffj We have been shown a late number of the Zanesritla .'lurara, containing a contribution, which peaks badly for tho penetration of tho editor. It is tu he hoped that it will not be lung before he does Letter. lUiiTroito (Conntc tic l r) MimcirAt. Ei.kctiom. Tho election for city olliccrs took place on Monday. The Whig candidate, lion. Philip Ripley, was chosen Mayor by a large majority. Three Whig Aldermen, out of four, and sixteen out of twenty of the Common Council, are Whig. All the other olliceraare Whig The Orpin ol the .Mourners. The Washington U nion sajs : " We shall give place to the trpost of every oliicer who has been removed and appeal to the press for the publication of his gnev anet'S." It is to be hoped that the veteran editor will have a good lime of it, and a Urge run of custom. Nr.w I)iscovkhii:s Cohstantm. -The Portsmouth Tribune uiiuinerates among other thing to be provided for in the reformed const uutiuu, that H None but individuals of tho white race to be recoguned, politically, as citix'-ns." We had supposed, in our ignorance, that this was already provided for, in our present pour oi.u constitution.IUu .ho a im TiiitoL'iiii Nkw You. Hy a recent arrangement, four trains of cars leave llutfiln daily, for the Hast. The first at five and a half, A. M the sea-oud at nine, A. M ; tho third at three, and the fourth at eight, P. M. InnmtANCB is Ohio . 'Ha' Cincinnati Atlas says: 11 It is said and it is melancholy to think of it that thero are no less than thirty -ti va thousand whits per sons in the Slate of Ohio, over twenty-one years of i age, that are totally unable to lead a Word of their mother tongue ! of whom a large number are to be found iu tins city." The Mine sot a Register, " is to be published at St Paul, under the auspices of Mr. Randnll, who has been attached for two years past to the U. 8. Genlogi- ' cal Corps, for tho survey of that Territory, and has hoc omo well ac'uamted with tho country, and the people. Two men, discharged by tint Lawrence and Man chester Railroad Com pan v, Mass., Inst week sought revenge by exploding a uingnaine of forty six kegs of powder which blew the building to atoms, and one of the incendiaries with it. Tho other was badly scorched, IP" The Rrig Fhiladtlphia, Capt. Dana, was lately prevented front running into Water street, in Sandusky city, by coming in coniact with a lumber yard The rnptain looks upon the channel as a very crooked one. The New Constitution mid its Orgim No. 2, Messrs. Editors : That poor Sir Matthew Hale may be pulled down in season to give place to other works of demolition, it seems that the editor of the Statesman has enlisted a corps of pioneers, the second of whom made his appearance on Saturday last, under the name, style and title of " Fiat Juiiici Rt Catitm," with an alias of" . t'luribua Uhum." Fearful of a champion who has such sluresof Latin at his command, and tho more especially of one who deems thi senior editor of the Journal tho only antagonist worthy of his sword, you will excuse mo when I confess that I approach this contest with feelings a very little altin to trepidation. With all deference to tho presumed wisdom of the gentleman with the Latin cognomen, I must be allow-ed to presume that the functions of Judicial officers, at the period which was marked by the services of Sir Matthew Male, were very similar to those which they at this day perform. It is scarcely necessary to suggest to so learned a writer, that neither then nor now, were Judges entrusted with the business of making tho law. They declared what tho law was, and for that purpose presided in the Courts ; but the bustneea of legislation wns as it now is, a different function, and in oilier hands. That Sir Matthew Hale was seized of any new power, gained any new light, or became bound by any now responsibility, because it so happened " that ho had a settled conviction thai there were witches," I cannot understand; and when such a declaration was made by tho Statesman's essayist, he ought, in pity to the public ignorance, at least, to havo hinted at some reason or evideuco for such a belief. No one doubts that Sir Matthew llulo presided at trialrf of persons charged with witchcraft, under tho laws of England, and no one doubts that there were such laws, expressive of the popular sentiment of tho realm and binding upon the courts. No laws among tho statutes of Great Britain were more fully justified by the popular belief, and there were none whoso repeal would tiave created greater public commotion. I'he belief in witches and witchcraft, and the socia and legal proceedings which grew out of that belief, were based upon what was nt that time, understood to bo the positive testimony of tho Holy Scriptures to the existence of Satanic poaststiont and an equally positive declaration of its horrid wickedness and cru elty. This belief, founded as wns then thought up-on evidence so uniuestionuhle, furnish?s a key to tho otherwiie inexplicable anomaly of a nation, so far ad vanced in learning and civilization, clinging to a superstition, which we, with better light, deem so absurd and untenable, It was done away by tho advance of reul Uiblical learning, and faded in tho light of the true interpretation of tho Scriptures. K. pLunmus TJxuu charges Sir Matthew Halo Willi having presided at tho trial of Rose Cullender and Amy Dory at Suffolk assizex, on (he tilth ol March, KiG'i. To this charge, Sir Matthew will be forced to plead guil'y ! The next charge is of partiality which, if it appear it all, is in the following paragraph in his charge to the jury : Whereupon the Jude, in giving his direction to the jury, told them that ho would not repent the evi dence unto tlieut, lest ly so mmig lie snoujo wrong the evidence on the 14110 sido r the u'her. Only tins acquainted them, that they had two things to en- luiru alter, r irst, Whether or no these cnuuren were bewitched? Secondly, Whether the prisoners at the bar were guilty of it i ' If the Honorable Judge leaned in cither direction in the above, will V.. Vlurilui Uaum please inform the public to which side he leaned? The next charge is of a desire to convict the accu sed. If litis spirit appears at all, it is iu the following paragraph, which, with the preceding quotation, contains all the proof which has ben furnished by tho essayist; and if il is in this paragraph wo havo failed to sec it : "That there are such creatures as witches he made no doubt at sll ; For first, the scriptures had nllirmed so iniirli. Secondly, the wisdom of nil nations had provided laws nganist such (htsoiis, w hich is an argument of their confidence of such a crime. And such hath been the judgment of tins kingdom, as appears by the act of I'aitiaineiil which hath provided pun-idhuieiils proportionable to tho qualities of the oflWice. And desired them strictly to ostierve the evuleiice ; an a desired the good God of heaven to direct their hearts in this weighty thing they hud -in hand : For to condemn the innocent, and to lei I he guilty go free, were both an sboimiiation to the Lord ! I V ol. u , page UU, of Ktiglish State TrinU." Will J. VlurihtiB Viiam please inform the public which part of the foregoing contains the evidence of a desire to convict the accused? It is to bo regretted lint in the placn of his own shallow twaddle, E Vlarihut L'num did not furnish a copy of the testimony given mi the trial, as that might have been instructive, and could uot fail to be curious. Yuurs truly, Rf.ArK-Sroxe, Jr. Cl.RVKI.ANII, Cnl.tlMKes A Ml CtKl'IflNATI 11 At I. lloAt. Messrs. Witt & llarheck, who have the contract for the construction of this llosd, long since sublet the entire distance between Cleveland and Co-luuihus, and there are now at work on that portion about 1000 men, and more aio being added from day to diy. The work is being prosecuted with great vigor, and will bo ready for tho superstructure, as per contract, by June I, Ir.'iO. Tho precise distance between Cleveland and Columbus by the survey adopted, is I'M miles. A corn of Engineers is in attendance for overy twenty-five unlet. As has already been announced, Mr. Kelley, the President of tho Road, has negotiated for 7,000 tons of iron, sullicient to lay tho track of seventy miles, mora than half of tho Road. One feature iu this great work is that every thing connected with il is done in the best possible manner. Tho abutment fit the bridge across tho canal at the foot of Vineyard street is a model piece of work, and a fair specimen of the balance of the Road. Mr. K el Icy, wIm has hern absent for several weeks, is expected in tins city in a few days; when soma more interesting facts may be presented. Cltcttatul tin aid. Fn.LMnrtr. tf 7yr. Tho Vicksburgb Whig says that a short lime before Gun. Taylor went to Washington, he was about tu visit ft place where the cholera was raging, and wsa reminded of tho untimely death of General Harrison, when he quickly replied : " (Vies xfiiurstlttt no untaiintss, jfcntUmtnt Fill-hour it nut a Tijlrr ! II .j John W. Crockett, appointed Commissioner to superintend the building of tho New Orleans Custom House, is a sun of the famous Davy Crockett, who fell on the bloody field of Alamo. Young Crocket was a member of the -tith Congress, and had (Jen, Harrison lived, lie would have been Charge D Alfairus to Texas, that Wing an object of special desire will) Itiut, as furnishing, hint will) I lie means to recover tho bones of his fit her. He is a deserving man, and having been uulortunnte in a newspaper speculation, wo rejoice in Ins good fortune. Dark 1'rospcrU in tlrowu County. The Ripley lice, speaking of the ft e lings of the c itniituency of llrowu county, in regard to the doings of their Representatives, Messrs Evans and Smith, says : " These gentlemen, members of the last Legislature nf Ohio from this county, are out iu a card, asking their constituents to amno up to Georgetown on tho I'.'tll proximo, and hear their defence of the course pursued by them lal winter. These gentlemen complain of having been judged without n hearing, and call upon nil the Democracy nf the count v to be pres ent, and if they have any questions to ask or nl.io tiiis to miike to join in the discussion. 7 hey sny they only ask a lair hearing, and then they aio willing tu be absolved or condemned, as the Democracy plcuse. N 13 see iinthtng tin fill r in tins, mid we doubt not tho Democracy will give these worthies their doe. If the opponents nf the 11 Repeal," and of the election of Senator Chnso, nre as rampant as they were a few weeks ngo, it will be an interesting meeting. " Mr. Nonius nfCIcruinnt, is to bo present at tho meeting, he being iu the same predicament. The books fr subscription to the stock of the I.ako and Trumbull Plunk Road Company were opened here yesterday, and A7,titlt( were promptly subscribed by our ciliirns, in addition to the $'tl,(iu0 which tho trustees of the township were auihomed to subscribe, by an almost unanimous vote id' the people, Th" amount ahead v subscribed is $ I'.OOO. The road will bo built. I'aimtiltc Tctrtfraph. From lha Indopoiuience Expositor, (extra.) of the fiih. Important from Culiloruin Tho following letter, received by Mr. Z. Leonard, of our county, can be relied upon, concerning the true state of a 11 airs now existing in California, as the writer is a man of well known veracity, and was for many years a resident of this county : San Fuancisco, U. C, Oct 2. KM 3. Deaii Sin: take Hub, the earliest opportunity, to inform you of my arrival here. I found California in another revolution, not of blood, but of gold, if 1 should attempt to give you anything like a true account of lite condition of this country at the present time, 1 would tail, for I have not language toexpreas, nor descriptive powers to delineate its true condition ; if 1 had, you would lack faith to believe. We arrived at the gold Mimes on Weaver's creek, a branch of the American fork of the Sacramento, where my family is at this time, afters toilsome, tedious, and perilous journey of five months and five days ; but, thank Providence, without Ions or injury. Providence has guided and directed my course, and kind fortune has taken me by tho hand at every step. 1 lost but one an-" 111 pi J on the route. I brought every species of property 1 started with, which is worth more here in gold than alt I ever was worth put together, in all my life. I sob), when I landed in the mines, the wagon I bo't of Oldham, and three yoke of oxen, for $i,UU0in gold, and was offered $1,200 for the other wagon and oxen, but I would not sell it; it is worth as much to me aa a steamboat is to its owner 011 the Missouri river. 1 have given it lo young Nottingham, who drove out for ine, on the halves ; lie hauls from Ihe Embarcados, a town laid out at Sutter's Fort, forty miles from the mines, and the head ot navigation at this time; the road is better than the road from Lexington to Independence ; he hauls from thirty to forty hundred, and the price varies from twenty to thirty dollars perlmn-hundred lbs., so that, he clears for himself over fifty dollars per day ; time in making a trip, from tour to six days. 1 sold olf all my horses three at $100 a piece, the common price for horses, and mules varies from oiiH to four hundred dollars per head, a great many sold at the hitter prico ; the great demand is for transporting provisions and tools. 1 aold the pistnln I bought of Henry Childs for $200, and the hell for $75 in gold, I have been in the country some three weeks, arid have raised the rise of threo thousand dollars in gold. The prices quoted above, you will feel disposed to doubt, not being accustomed to such high prices, but they nre nothing. Let me give you an idea of the price of provisions, clothing, n , at the mines. Flour $10 to $00 per hundred lbs ; beef 40 els. to 1 per lb; bacon hams $1 to $tl 50 per lb ; suirar To cts ; uohVeoOcts; lejifiOcts to$l; shirts from jjslli to apiece; coats f&."fl to 100; boots shoes ; pickled pork $200 per barrel; these are the mine prices.Now let ine give you some account of these mines. They sro scattered over an area of from fjOt) to 1000 mile, the richest ever known upon earlh. The average calculation for tha amount of persons engaged by men ol superior judgment, including Indians, Mexicans, run away sailors, disbanded soldiers, Connacers from the islands, mid all kinds of men and monsters, are set down at jjjtlti per dav, though you can hire no uinn tor tii.it amount; you can hire some men tor s!")0 per month, but not No. I They will not think of lens than from $iii) to $:00, $i00 and $1000 per iriy, anil two men liavo taken Inon one bole lorty pounds in two days; this is the most 1 have heard of. There are new discoveries being mnde every day, and God only knows where it will end. Gold is nothing more thought of than dirt. There is no credit asked or given, the transactions nre all based upon gold. 1 tlo not like this country I do pot like tho climate, and more than all I abhor and detest the society ; I never expect lo sow a seed or plant a grain in this couiiry. 1 expect to continue in the mines, myself and fiuuily, each one doing his best, until we all get a MUtliciency to livo on independently, which will not be long. My little girls can mnko from 5 to 2"i dollars per day washing gold in pans. So soon as we get ready I expect tu Hinp at this port for Jackson county, .Mo., where I expect lo spend tho balanco of my days in peace and quietness ntid in the enjoyment of family nod friends, where, of all places, I monl delight to be. My average income this winter will bo about lid) dollars per day, and if 1 should strike a good lend it will be a great deal more. The lame majority of per sons who have done well here in tin mines, (and all have done so that have tried,) are going back to the States to live, at least nine out of ten. You know James M Harlin ; he has tusi bought a Mexican ranch, for which he has paid iu gold ft 1 2,000 lor the stock and land, averaging the stock at $'0 per head, and il is thought that lie has made al least twelve Ihoiixand dollars 111 the operation, which makes him siaud monarch of $24,000; but this is nothing. Jesse Measly is said to be worth at lensl $ 10,000. Governor II'Lr''it has made an independent fortune for all his children. You know Bryant, a carpenter who used tn work for Khcncxer Dum.; be has dug out more gold in the last six mouths tlinu a mule can pack. 1 have not ou re time left to tell you the half I want to Old Capt. Sutter has rented out Ins Fort to merchants, tnvern keeiers, grocery -keepers, Ac, at the rati' ot lit'ty thousand dollars per year, besides there are llonl-mg stores at the lauding, iu launches, brigs, A c. The amount id' trade done at this place is supposed to be at le ml $10,000 per day, and is said by merchants of New York nud New Orleans lo be equal to Ihose places at this time in money transactions. Am old cousin Hugh Itoyim used lo say 111 his preaching, " It is good lor us we are here." Il was here that 1 found my old friend, Julian Mar-I 1 found him us we pirted a true friend and he lias been of great service to me here: he has picked up several thousand ibis season : he is loo rich to dig, but is a considerable trader in the inines ; sells shirts it $:t0; serappies nl $lmf, speaks the language llu- I'litly, dances at tho liudiugoes, and stands io. I among the Mexicans, which is a great deal 111 this country. Air. a , I always believed 1 was born Hie child or destiny, and that 1 never was to be subservient tn the wenllti, power, or dictation ot any man, and my belief is now realized. I always detested the idea of making money by luw, pitiful, sneaking advantages that prin ciple never had a place in this breast. I tie shove account and description or matters and things, will seem strange to you ; but, sir, if you believe Divine Revelations or tho sacred truths of Holy writ, you can Deiieve tins statement, From your friend, Ac, M. T. MtCLELLKN. THURSDAY EVENING, April 20, 184U. Rnno nr Claims. The see mid meeting of the Hoard of Claims, undt r the trrnty with Mexico, look place yesterday. Hon. C. II. South was in Ins seal, nud all the members are now present in Washington. a( HAtj, I-A Ohio Etnlgrnllon to Cnlifornln. The frontier correspondent of the St. Louis Repub lican, writing from St. Joifph, April 10, notices sev en companies of emigrtnts from Indiana, three from Michigan, two from Virginia and two from Ohio, en camped nt that place, lie says Ohio has two companies in the field rndy to move. The first is from Ashtabula county, and is composed as follows: II. H. Hlotte, captain; Charles Tinker, lieutenant; L. Reekwith, treasurer; A. W. Webster, secretary ; and A N. Kenk, Lymnu Luce, C. linker, John fucker, M. linker, u. Kendall. G. I'erkms, ti II lyner, and II. M. Way. They go as a joint stock company, Hound ingether lor two years, and carry with them two tents, four wngens, twelve yoke of oxen, nud provisions for nine month. The second company is from Oxford, Hutler county, and composed of John Mutmdale, Jesse Ogle, Man ning Corey, Ham. ClutV, John Lvttle, P. Kcdcnor, Hermann llotid, and O. Greer. They gu as a joint slock company, and are provided with two wngons, two tents, ox teams, and provisions lor six months, The companies will commence moving in a few lays on their journey. Great fenrs are anticipated by many, in case lame bodies move together, that the grass will be innuliieienl for their stock, and these fears are well grounded The Inrje number going by tins route, and all pfovnled with mre or less stiok will exhaust the grans much fnsler th.111 nature will produce it. to obviate tins, coiniinmes will go 111 par lies biirely Inrge enough fir their own protection in travelling, and start at intermediate times. 1 shall continue to forward you the names of persons composing companies located at (his place, until the whole nre yiveu. Gotn it a-foot, We understand that a company of some title n persons, from l he State of Ohio, passed through thin place lat Thursday on foot, and were intending to go through in that way to California. They said they intended to live entirely on meat alter they left the settlements, and could carry with them enough to last 15 or !t0 days, and would kill plenty more on the way, ami asked no odds of "outlita " or "mule teams," as they could beat them " alt holler " in trav eling. 1 be company is spoken ol here as tiring some of tho " b hoys." -Uinirj' ( Dutiuoue) j;rti, 2d insf. "Southern l.onRiie, The Charleston Mercurv has the prooeeedings of a meeting in llcaufort District, South Carolina, in which the " nddress o the Southern members of Cong tea " was heartily responded tu, and a proposition unanimously adopted, to form a sliveholdiog league. The following is ttie proposition : Hrioimt, That it is the sense of this meeting that Ihe Legislature of South Carolina should, nl its next session, ndopt such inesmirea as will tend to unite the shveholdmg Stales in Ihe assumption "1 a position that will enable them, ns one anil indivisible, " promptly and eilicienlly to repel any farther encroachment upon our peculiar institution, whether in the District of Cutumbin, the slave holding states, or in the terri lory of Ihe United Slates South of the Missouri compromise line extended to the Pacific Ocean." "Our anny swore terribly in Flanders" quoth my Uncle Toby. Wiikat Cnor. The W bent in this, and adjoining counties, looks remnrkahlv well, save thai sown in low i' round, winch is said lo be much injured. JWf-i'S II lug. The Wisdom of the Pust. Let no one bo deterred from a careful perusal of the essay upon legal reform ol Sir Matthew Hale, contained in our columns to day, either by its length, or because a silly attempt has been made In discredit its author. The sentiments which it contains challenge respect for their intrinsic merits, and need no recommendation of(great names, or titles of dignity, to give them currency with the thoughtful and tho unpreju diced. There is no species of real human progress that can legitimately dissolve tho connection of the present with the past, nor deprive us of the benefit of those stores of wisdom which experience hasaccumu-la'ed from the revolutions of other countries and other times. In these days, when measures are in progress to change the organic law of the land, it would be wanton indeed, to refiuo to profit by .the wisdom of tho past, whether acquired by observation of its failures or its successes by the study of its precepts or tho warning voice of its examples. There is no time so suitable tu look back over the history of humanity to see and avoid its errors, to discuss tho true and Ihe falsa ngredients which entered into tho composition of its sentiments, and to deduce from all such opinions as shall be valuahlo guides for progress in the coming future To those especially, whose limited knowledge of the history of mankind has led them to the opimuii, that tho wisdom of all past time is nothing, in comparison with the mid-day of intellectual, mural, and political sunshine which w enjoy ; and who, believing that they live in tho very focus of the light nf modern times, see no beauty in rays tefracled l,oiu the sunsets of other ages, this essay is especially commended. It may lead them to the knowledge that thero are mines winch they have never wrought, whose stores aro ns rich as those which they elaborate seas whose real pearls aro as fair as the itnitationn winch they labor to construct. Tu tho temperate and tho thoughtful in politics those who desire to sec in the present measures to hnuge the constitution of the State, something moro than a mere struggle, by one parly, for supremacy over another, to be fought lor now and enjoyed in future, wc commend this essay. In it, and in those which have preceded and are to follow il, they will find stores of wisdom elaborated by onn whose stern integrity knew no party bias, and whose deep and various knowledge, drawn from the history of all ages, by one who did not despise the teachings of tho mighty past, conferred upon lii an authority to instruct above that given by the highest titles and the most responsible of- es ; and whose rigid and conscientious discharge ot h a duty has given his lessons a mural force equal lo their high intrinsic merit. Finally, we hope that these essnya will he read and pondered upon hy those jpio are urging forward thesu movements in the State, in the hope that during tho process of transition, something may occur, from which they may seize a hubby to ride into power. It will give Ihcui a notion of the real importance of the thing whieti they have undertaken, it may teach them something of the responsibilities which attach to those who aspire In guide so important an advance. Il may furnish a model of prudence, fair statement, sound argument, juHt conclusion, and careful elaboration to those who employ their pens upon a sutuc! if so much moment; and lead tn cooler counsels in an nlfair which should as fur as possible be removed from parly strife and absolved from personal bitterness. The Giddng Culuinny. The Washington correspondent of the llaltimore Patriot, in a recent letter, states a fact which shows that Mr. Giddiugs, in charging President Taylor with using his personal influence with members of Con-greas, before his inau titration, for Ihe adoption of the Walker amendment in the California bill, has contra dicted Ins own e i pressed convictions at the time. Ho stales that while that matter was pending in Congress I'hursday or Friday before the adjournment, Mr. Gidditigs,in conversation with a distinguished gentleman from Ohio of high standing and character then in that city, " declared his full and unqualified confidence in Gen. Taylor," in regard tu the action of Congress on Ihe subject of restricting slavery in the new Territories, 14 and said he doubted not if the next Congress should pass a bill for the new territories, containing the Wilmot Proviso, the set would receive Gen. lay-lor's signature." Yet he now unhlimhiugly proclaims from his personal knowledge, that at that very time Gen, Taylor was influencing Congress pliihuK.vu.v on tho subject ! The correspondent says tlat the name of ho gentleman alluded to will be niaje puhic,if Mr. Giddiugs should deny tho truth of fie statement. Ilrilliitiit Dental Operntion. It will be recollected by Ihe readers of the Journal, that during the past year. Dr. Robert Thompson of this city, succeeded in rcumving a frightful tumor from the face of Joo Day, a colored man, whom his deformity and danger frmil that cause had previously rdiidered notorious. During tho operation, Dr. TJiomp-son found it necessary to remove half of the entire upjmr jaw, with the teeth upon thai side, and half of the roof of the mouth, leaving a hirge opening into tho naree. Tho patient recovered, to the surprise of many, but with these deficiencies, affecting both his appearance and voice. We have to-day had an opportunity of witnessing a highly ingenious contrivance, by Dr. W. E. line, resident dentist of tins city, by which he has supplied entirely, the parts cut away, giving Ihe patient a new jaw, a new roof to. his mouth, and a set of teeth perfectly matching those which were lust ; restoring thus, to a great degre. his appearance, his powers of mastication, and Ins voice. Upon the whole, we think it the most complete thing in dentistry that we have yet seen, reflecting like honor upon the perfection of the dental science, and the skill and tal ent of ihe successful operator. D J We hope that tho Statesman's correspondents, Marcus" and "E. I'lvrihts t'sm" will lake proper nolicoofthe essay of Sir Matthew Ihle, copied in our paper to-day. As those gentlemen were very wruth at Sir Matthew for opposing unntteitary changes in the law, we can scarcely expect that they will be othorwise than angry when they find him a warm advocate for progress in all necessary reforms. Ily the way, would it not have been well 1 r those individuals learned in the Uw, if they had wailed until Sir Matthew had fallen before they picked hun up? The Union, ron 1 11 k sank or tux rAnrus to it. Senator Dimmock, of the Holmes county Firmer, speaking of the late municipal election in the city of New 1 ork, says : "The Union of the Democrats und Free Pollers wns not perfected iu New York city, as it uuht to luvo been." And how ought it In havo been ? Up to the point of the distribution of the spoils us it was here at Co. lumbus, where the nuptials were solemnised by tho assistance of the editorial senator himself? It appears to be Ms enjoy nunl of the daintits, which marks Ihe successful ciiiiMiuunation of an union between great parties, who havo hitherto, aa they say in Wisconsin, "been divided only by juration af organization," Sinolb Districts. fiio Cincinnati Enquirer of the 2.'ith has a long and interesting leading article upon the subject of tho single dialriet system. Having already expressed our preference for the plan of single representative and senatorial districts, and given our reasons then for, wo would gladly find space for the article in our columns. We have felt disposed to commend the course of the Enquirer upon the subject of conatitulioual reform, for the candid lone of its articles, ami for the ability which Ihe editor exhibits, to abstract the sentiment from its advocate, and dismiss it without regard to the circumstance ed its authorship. It would be happy if such a practice were more com-moil.Fur tha Ohio btata Journal. TUB NEW CONTHL'TIO!f ASM LEGAL KETOIUI. No. 111. CONSIDERATIONS TOUCHING TH K AMENDMENT ok ALTERATION or LAWES. (Ily Sin Matthkw HalkJ Continued. Cap. III. Toutkhi tha other ertreamt the ovtrttnaciaug holding vf laicea, notwithstanding apparent necessity for and safety in the change J the danger and occasions thereoj. Ily what hath been said in the two preceding chapters, a man would suppose, that all alterations, amend' incuts, or reformations, of municipal lawes, were wholly to be interdicted ; and no room left for il with safe ty or prudence; hut what hath been once settled for law must stand everlastingly without any reformation or alteration ; and that men were better to live under the mconvenioncies of an old law, than undergo that hazard and inconvenience, which may incurr by any amendment or superinducliou of any new lawes. And accordingly many wise and excellent men have laboured, and still do labour under this extream ; and the motives reasons or temptations Ij this extream aceui to be such as these : L Jfy long use and custom men, especially that are aged and have been long educated 111 the profession and practice of the law, contract a kind of superstitious veneration of it beyond what is just and reasonable. Audit happens to them as it doth to the Romanists m point of religion, in relation tn ancient riles and ceremonies transmitted to them from their ancestors, that, thuugh they become overburlhensome ny ineir multitude, or ridiculous by their vanity or im-poriiuency,or antiquated bv Ihe alteration of the ends and uses for which they were at first instituted or introduced, yet they are zealously retained, though to ilm apparent detriment and oppression of religion itself. And accordinirlv it haunens to these men in point of lawes. They tenaciously and rigorously maintain these very forms and proceedings and practices, which, tho' possibly at first they were seasonable and usvfuil, yet by the very change of matters they beeomo not only useless and impertinent, but burthen some and inconvenient and prejudicial to the common justice and Ihe common good of mankind: not cm- Uenng Dial lorms and prescripts of lawes were not introduced for their own salies.but for the use nf pnb-lick justice ; and therefore, when they become insipid useless impertinent and possibly derogatory to tho end, they may and must be removed. 4. An over-jealous fear, that it mar be possible. that some unthought-of inconvenience may emerge, which may introduce some unexpected mischief to the community, and with it a disparagement to tho judg ment, ol tlioso that are undertakers 111 it. And this lion in the way chonks all industrious application to tins most necessary business. Indeed tins very fear 111111 mnko men thai have lo do in ibis importuut affair the more considerate ami circumspect, tho more udvisiug and deliberating, the moro sollicitoua and careful, and the more mature and to take the longer time iu their n suits, but must not wholly obstruct the work itself, when the publtck necessity and good calls for it. II. A timoroiisiipHs to displease and disoblige great ollicersand ministers 'if justice, especially such as have paid dear for places of this nature (one of ttie greatest bines to justice and necessary reformation) ; for it must needs follow upon a due reformation of wh it is amiss, that some ofiiccs must be laid aido as needless, others pared from then redundancy, And il is true, those tint aru concerned 111 point of interest in such reformation, will he upright fully walchlull lo see if any thing of inconvenience may emerge upon such alterations ; and they wilt be ready to inculcate it with ds advantage enoujh to such as shall bo instrumental therein. And if they find the least imaginable default (as it is impossible but some such thing may I'Veue) they will industriously magnify and aggravate it beyond the bounds of truth or prudence. It is a little petly revenge they please themselves Wlthall-liut I shall not need to decry such a pitiful I pusillanimity or lurrowtiess of mind, that will neglect a pub-lick important good, either because it may create some. advantage to theumelves in point of profit, or to those who hold placea of advantage iu courts of justice or relating thereunto. 4 A jealousy, lest any thing offered for the amendment of what is amiss in the law may give a handle to others to ravell into the whole frame of it, and lo be tampering with it lo the publick det'imenl ; and so that which is intended to perfect and advance the law shall be used like a little wedge put into a great piece of Umber, vt Inch sholl give opportunity to violent persons to drive greater alter them, and cleave the whole in pieces. And indeed this often falls nut in g'eat assemblies, especially if times lie not very sedate when any thing of this nature is offered. Perchance one grafts upon it some thing else, and a second a second tiling, and a third a third ; whereby the sole deoigu at tirsi is lost, and something, or it may be many thingx, produced, pernicious both to the law and government. Jtut this may be with care and vigilance prevented, especially as our legislative constitution is established Tin; re be several halts ami stops before a law of this nature lie perfected, whereby iu any uf which such an iiiun-d ilion, if it should happen, may bo obstructed; and that winch is good and necessary tie carryed on, as I hull hive occasion to mention hereafter. 5. Exemplary miscarriages, 111 the late times, of such as have undertaken reformation both in matters civil and ecclcsiasticul, hath brought a disrepute upon the undertaking of any reformation in either ; so that the very name of reformation and a reformer be gins to be a stile or nam of contempt and obloquy ; so tti.it men are as fearful I to be under the imputation of a reformer of the law, as ttiey would be of the name ot suave or loot orhvimcrite And upon these and the like accounts it fares with he law and the sages thereof to the point of reformation of the law, ns il did with the present age and the rirtnusi of Pariinnsus in (location. They dare not meddle with it, but let il livuns long and as well as it can 111 the state they litid it. Only to save their cred its upon inch occasions, they meddle with some little incoiistiieratiie things, as they set the price uiion tur nips and carrot seed ; but nothing is dared to be done ui use auu importance. liut iiolwitlMtauding all these difficulties and oh- atruotious, 1 think good and wise men ought tu make some prudent essay even in this great business, and with very good success both to their own reputation ana tlio punin-K tn-netit. And in order to the encouragement therein, 1 shall propound these considerations1. We are not without excellent and lianuv exam ples of reformation in tins kind to the genera) good ana advantage nt ma 11 kind ; yea. and lor the verv preservation of the lawes themselves, which without due husbandry of the in will dye uf themselves, like irecs mat wani pruning. The Roman Empire was not only signal for its am plitude, power, wisdom, and success, but in a special manner for its lawes. Yet in the proceed of LtoO years they grew so perplexed, voluminous and intri cate, that there wns a necessity of a reformation of them. Tho business was undertaken by Justinian the Emperor, and committed lo about twenty excellent coiiUM'llors and lawyers, Trebonianus being the chief of that college. There were then extant above two thousand volumes of that law, and abovn thirty hundred thousand paragraphs in versicles; and among those divera contradictory lawes, very many lawes touching one and tho same thing, very many lawes obsolete and out of use and practice. All these lawea were revired, corrected, and amended by those noble lawyers, and so much aa was useful reduced into those three volumes which we now call Vomits Juris Cirtlis. vn the Institutes, Digest, and Code or book uf Statutes; and this done in the space of three years, as appears by tho narrative of this business in the code shb titala de ttterijurt enttettando, worth any man's reading. Somewhat of the iike nature was done by Gra-tinn in his Drcntum, bv Innocent in Ins Decretal!, In the time of Ed. 3. non-claime upon tines taken away ; pleadings in English ; fraudulent conveyances remedied ; executors of executors enabled losue; actions given for executors of goods taken away iu the testator's lifetime; and many others. Pass we over the many alterations of the law in tho lime of tho intermediate Kings, and come ti II 7. Then fines with proclamations lo bar entails, and so in part to repeal the alatute of Westminster the 2d ; pro-visions to change the lands of cciru fyus use with wardships, statutes, &,c. In the time of II. H. the changes were yet greater than in any li.oo after Ed. I. Fur lirat, aa to Wales, ho new modelled the whole frame of it's government by the statutes 2ti, 27, and III. IL H. Again, as to a very great concern, as 1 may say, the law received a very considerable alteration ; the statute rfe donis con-ditionaltlius being abrogated as lo altamderof treason ; all uses executed into possession ; estates made to pass by deeds inrolled; fines made more clearly effectual to burr cntailc s ; recoveries in some cases invalidated ; atturneiuent in many cases rendered needless ; dis continuances of lands in riirht of tho wife remov ed; entry given agonist descents in many cases; ail lauds made deviseaulc bv will, which were riot before hut by particular customs; jeofailes and mispleadings rectified ; monasteries dissolved. These and manv more considerable alterations of the law made and successful! v continued to this dav. come we down to the time of queen Elizabeth's lawes for amendment, for writs of error upon judgments in the King's bench, sifamst fraudulent conveyances. against bankru its. These and many more lawes made very great alterations in the law, yet without any such dismal effect, as ttie meluncholy objectors would sup pose, oui very nappy and uselul lor the putilic good. And the reason was. because wise men had the man agement of these great changes, they were not dune rosmy, nor uusiuy, nor inconsiderately, but upon duo and weighty advice and consideration ; and they have been pruclised successfully. The truth is, for these last forty yeais littto hath been done of this kind; the times wero tumultuous and not seasonable for it; and indeed there is the moro need by reason of that intermission and chasms, that some what uf this kind should he done. The second consideration is tins, thai, as all sublu nary things are subject to corruption and putrefaction, to diseases and rust, so even lawes themselves by long tract of time gather certain diseases and excrescences; certain abuses and corruptions grow into the law, as close as the ivy unto the tree or the rust to tho iron, and in a httte tract of time gain the reputation of be ing part ot tho law. So that agrent and considerable part of that reformation, that is pleaded for, is uot so mucii 01 me law, as o anuses and corruptions, and wens and excrescences, and debivs and forninlitica and exactions, that do adhere to the law, and will in lime strangle and stifle it with its close adherence to it. And when thesu dear and profitable rxuberances and ulcers are looked af ter, presently those, that are con cerned in the profit thereof, or do not duty distinguish uc 1 ween uie law ana us auuses and uisenses, cry out upon destroying the low and altering of the law, when in truth it is the rescuing of the law from those en- crouchiuetitsor abuses that are mode upon it or brought into 11. :i. Hut yet further, 1 do not think , I hat the oulv things tit to be reformed in the law are the abuses and corruptions of it; but there aro some things, that are really anil truly parts ! the law, as necessary lo be reformed as the errors or abuses of it. And we must remember, that lawes were not made fur their own sake, but for the snke of those who were lo be guided by ihem ; and though it is true they are and might to he sacred, yet, if they be or are be- coiuu unuiefull for their end, they must either bo amended if it may be, or new lawes he substituted, and the old repealed, so it be done regularly, deliberate! v, and so far forth only as the exigence or convenience justly demands it. And in this respect the saying is trite, stilus popnft su pre ma let tsto. Now lawes be come or arc uuusefull to their end upon two accounts. I. When in their very constitution and fabnek they are rotten and faulty, and unjust, and impossible tu be tiorn without remarkable and common inconvenience. shall not apply this part to the tiling in question. Hut 2dly, when a law, tho never so good in its first institution, yet by reason of some accidental emer gencies that do most usually happen in tract of lime. ither becomes nosuletc and out of use, or weak and unprofitable to ita end, or inconsistent with some new superiiiduclion that time and variety of occasions have introduced. And aa this is most clear in all lawes,so in our English lawes we shall find, what was in use, and poRBildy very etlectual in its tune, is now de serted and antiquated, and utterly unapplicahle to the present itate of administration in England. Glauvillo wrote a system ot our hughth lawes in the liino ot 11. 2. Hracton in Ihe time uf II. :j Urittun in the time of E. 1. Lei any man read them, and see, whether he can by any means accommodate that administration to the present state of things, or ihe present regiment or order ot things to that. ay, il we come to the yearbooks of the time of E. J. any man, that kimwes any thing in tins kind, will moat certainly tiud, that it cannot tit us ; for where is there now one assise or reul action brought, unless where they have no other remedy t So lb, it the stream ol tilings have as it were left thai channel!, and taken a new one ; a.id he, that thinks a state can lie exactly steered by the same lawes in every kind, as it was iwo or threo hundred years since, may as well imagine, that the clo.it lis that fitted him when lie was a child should serve hun when tie is grown a man. Tim matter changeth the custom ; Ihe contracts the commerce ; the dispositions educations and tempcis of men and societies change in a long tract of time ; and so must their lawes in some measure be changed, or they will not be useful I for their state and condition. And besides all this, aa I before smd, lime is the wisest thing under heaven. These very lawes, winch at lirat seemed Ihe wisest constitution under heaven, have some llawes and defects discovered in them by tune. As manufactures, mechanical arts, architecture and budding, and philosophy itself, receive new advantages and discoveries by time and eipeneiae ; so much more do lawes, which concern the(iuaiiners and customs of men. All that, which I contend for in the first snd second chapter, is, not to render lawes of men like lawes of nature fixed and unalterable, but thai it be dim with great prudence, advice, care, and upon a full and clear prospect of Ihe whole business. 4. llul yet further, by length of time and continuance lawes are so multiplied and grown to that excessive variety, that there is a necessity of reduction of them, or otherwise it is not manageable ; aa we have before observed touching Ihe Roman lawes, which in a tract of Hot) years grew to 2000 great volumes. And the reason is, because this ago for tho purpose received from the Inst a body of Uwes, and they add more and transmit the whole to Ihu next age, and they add to what they had received and transmit the whole stock to the next age. Thus as tho rolling of a snow-ball, it mc teasel h in bulk in every ago, till it become utterly unmaungeablo And henco it is, that even in the lawes of England we have so many va rietics of forms of conveyances, feoifuirnt, finrs, release, confirmation, grant, attornment, common recovery, deeds, enrolled, tVc. because the use coming in at several times, every age did retain somenhat of what was past, and added somewhat of it's own, and so carried over the whole product to the quotient. And (his producelh mistakes. A man perchance useth one sort of conveyance, where he should have used another. It breeds uncertainty and contradiction of opinion, and that begets suits and ex pence. It must necessarily cause ignorance 111 the professors and profession itself; because tho volumes ol tho law are not rsaily to be mastered. f. There he in the law to this day some things continuing, which, though possibly of ordinary use or occurrence, yet are mischievous when they come to be used, and would not at all be missed if taken away, and which I shall in the pursuit of particulars evidence to the satisfaction I believe of every knowing considering and unprejudiced liund. ti. I shall add but tins one thing more, that it may jtiMity be (eared, thai if something considerable for the rciormauon u tins amiss in ihe law be not done by It is said that not a single Wing paper wns taken and paid for by the State Department at Wash-inulou, during Mr. Polk's administration; while hosts of Locofoco papers were taken! Mr. Clayton has ordered one half of them stopped, and their places supplied by Wing journals. W hat do ynu suppose Ihe Locos will call it! Froseription of course ! HnttHii Srvi.a or Pa.siai.ooss This is described by a Philadelphia paper as follows ; The hue is a cross between that of pea soup and dirty water, with a stray touch of the greeu scum of a frog pond ; and the proud wearers go up and down H roadway like so many bull Iiojji out on a pleasure excursion. and by Seitus and Ihe Extrnvaganla in the canon law! kl",wtnK d judicious persons, too much may aoine JIM we shall not need, nor is it indeed iierlment.lo y tp rimer mn m roTy .1 bring in forre.gn examples. Our own couulry all'-rds ! i,ro,'M"'". mistaken apprehensions or popular us uiott apt instances. I 'llll"",,ra' 1 ho aniendmeut o things amiss timely, by Edwnid the first, a most wise, powerful and valiant j l,,uw," and judicious men that understand their pnmie, our English Justnnsn, dul make as manv, and u""'n,,M. '"y do very much good, and previ .it very as great and as happy alterations and reforin.ii.ou ot i evnl f'mt ma' "'herwise ensue ; ai.d when the lawes, as might be. If we look upon Wales, he took ,M1,I,,,M 'lt" hy such hands, it may possibly be a strict examination of all the laws of that country l,,u lu',t" allof ,l- And 't be true, that as reverses to preveuior stop such an inundation, yet wo know not how high the pubhek tiecrnsities of supplies may arise, considering our many great undertakings in the Kingdom ; and il is 110 new thing to observe very hard and unreasonable terms granted ns the price and purchase of supplies, when they cannot lie had upon easier terms. And it will have Ibis plussible pretence, that Ihe judgea and lawyers will do nothing to the lawes, and therefore it shail be done by other hands. Such a humour would be more easily prevented hy a wise and sessoinible undertaking in this kind, winch Would not lie so easily diverted or allayed, if once it should lie flying. And thus much shali serve for this chapter. ConKKCTiritT Ei.KCTiott. The Hartford Cmirant lay before ; took away f U'v's l'e official result of the election of Senators as follows : "The nllleinl voles for Senators were counted yesterday El Wbigssreelecled,7 I .ocidoeos, and I Free Soih-r. The W liars are ni the nt, Mi, fitb, Tib, fth, Out, 10th, IHh, I2h, Ctth, I .".Ui, 2ih, and 2Ul districts l.ocos is Ihe Vd, ;bl, bill, H.Ui, ITlli, I -Hi, and l!Uli districts and Free Soil nt Ihe l-lth. The mnionty of the Loco candidate in the l?lh district, is only ti." - filler lie had subdued it, esiieciallv those uf Howell Dim, the gteat Itnlisli Lyeurgus ; tin) he made a most excellent nlleratlon and amendment of the whole ays- j 1cm of their law, as appeurs by the slalule of Ruth- j laud 12. Ed. I. And concerning tlie reformations of the English lawes, h t any man but read Ihe statutes j of Ins time, he will liud as great, yet as happy, altera. 1 lions, as almost can be imagined. Eet us bo t lake an estimate of some, Uy the statute of Glorester he gave nn action of want, where none before lay ; and he fixed the juriadiclion nf gnnt courts to 40ri and upwards. Ily the slalule of VVestiuimler the 2d, he altered the mlure of estates of fee conditional nt common law, which bred a great change. He settled the proceeding 111 wnrd, qua 16 imprdit, replevins, wnli of nieine ; gave srtrs facias and rrgit where none was belore ; took, away age in rut in rini ; gave a. ouod ri dtlorcrntt where none the filed of a uollatcinl warranty in some eases vt ith- out asaeta ; gave receipt to the wife and him in reversion upon default; took away essoins iu ninny cases; and mado divers other notable alterations, which turn-ed about a considerable part of Ihe administration of Uwes ; and by tlie 21th chapter give an onllet to sup plcmcnlal remedies upon new emergencies, ns cmtin-fir, iptod enrol regis drjieiat tononnrntifms in HStttta Again, he prohibited Ihe alienation of lauds in mortmain i made the country liable to answer lor robberies committed; prohibited the new crenting of tenures ; and limited the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts, and of the llarshnlsea and other courts. These and I he Removals Under ths Administration. Tho National Intelligencer has thought it worth while to show that tho Union and othMr ..nn.,iin journals, only provoke " comparisons " when they af- wW tuiiimur too appointments which have been made under the new administration, as "proscrip-turns." The Intelligencer first says, in noticing the display which the Union has made of tho list of changes which have been made in certain officers : We need not, ot COure( IR- to our readers that, if like transcript! had been published of the appoint-uients at the openinguf ihe preoe.hng Democrats Ad-mimatrations.a imo h . A ... been made of what was really, in their cs.?, a ... terimlic uruscnm 1 .. ... ' 1 1 1.7 ' " "I'omoi saita. vvno among us hero in Washington but remembers, for instance, tlie case 111 ooinl. hn 11,., . ., . , r -o now nee me ni 01 me Administration of President Jackson, a list of thirty-odd removals, and appointments to ho mado in lieu of them, wild n a single Stale, (New Hampshire,) was presented to the then Postmaster General by an individual from (hut Hiatn 1. 1,.,. ..if i ..o: . iiiiiibi-ii tni: 11 an uiiicenoiocr just appointed ; which lut, without any other induce- iiiinli U.,.L... - ... - " "ut-nce ur examination 01 toe pen ot roat- master General, ordered to be appointed t This was a sample of the genuine spirit of proscription which, even in the palmy days of Democracy, displayed itself in acts of the most vindictive ....t ...,rUui... r. I cution. 8 1 Thus much fur what was don i th n.rt -h,h Ihe Union supported, and desires to see brought hack into power. Let us see who the list of afiieers which tho Union parades are. The Intellitrenrer ha nn Bulled the Blue Book, and finds as follows : Without noticimr tbnan if tin liHva ra...H mh.U resignation rnnv hx r,rr,iA ;., ,.n..rHi ...n;-.;..... evidence of the insignificance of the ollices laid down,) a scrutiny of the remainder of the several formidable Vtmtm i,C ().,r...l 1'.. i . . .. .r . ... ,,ulJ vamiaiKTB puraueu in ine union within the last week, shows that the annual compen-sation accruing at those ollices, according to the last otlicial reoord, is as follows : Emoluments, Leas tlinn a. in Mure than $10 and less than.. 20.., xo....ao , 3d.. ..do 40.. ..do fiii. ...do 00. ...do 70. ...do til). ...do .do... ...to. ...to.. do do do do do do do do Ranging from 100 do 2i H) do do do do do do :ioo . 400 . 500 , God . Toil . 30... .. 40... .. 00... ,. (it)... . 70... HO... . !K... . 100,, . ..200... .:joo... .to 400... ...to r.iio... ...to GOO... ...to 700... ...to 800... ...to 000... Appoint' Is. 1 a 4 it 3 y 2 3 u 4 ....17 ...,V3 8 5 :t 5 I 1 100 So that of the Post Officea the incumbents nf wl,irh tho Postmaster General has found it necessary lo re. .novo i,r uispiace, me annual emoluments aro, ol sixteen leas than fifty dollars each ; of more than hall of them less than two hundred dollars each; of three lourinsot them not more lhan three hundred dollars each ; not ono of these appointments so made by tho Postmaster General reaching the sum of a thousand dollars. Every lair and unprejudiced reader will at once see that these appointments to one hundred out of trmitetn thousand Fast Offices, want the essential ingfidientof Proscription; that is, that, besides there being very sufficient cause, independently of party considerations, fur the removal of a number of these old uiliners, the removals and appointnenls cannot justly be considered, from the scantiness of the emo luments attached lo them, as part of the srateui of either reward of friends or punishment of enemies ; a sysiem which, as we shall show, was a cardinal principle with Ihe parly (of which the Union" was and is the organ) which opposed the election of General Taylor, and now upon Ihe merest pretences assails his Administration. To this statement nothing need bo added. The Union attempted a reply, but in it contended that it is a principle of the party to which it belongs to proscribe fur opinion sake. It says : " General Jackson was a party man. He had fixed and ascertained principles, which were made known to tlie people when he went before them for their suffrages. The people, in sustaining him, sustained those principles. He had some eieitst, therefore, for so dis pensing the pntronogr. of the Uovernment as to gire the ""i""" ujjictai tnjiucnce in support of mt principles which the prople had sustained in the election." Allow all this to be correct, and what fulluws ? The people elected Gen. Jackson, and so on down to Mr. Polk, lo do certain things and support certain measures. To do this more effectually, lliey so directed the power of appointing to office, as to proscribe from all employment under the government, all who did nut vote to elect their Presidents. The election of Mr. Polk was said to be an approval of tins course, and an admonition from the people to pursue it to the end., lie did du so. And what followed then? The people, understanding Mr. Polk's principles and practices, condemned them, by ref using to elect a man pledged to carry theiti otit. They elected Gen. Taylor, the nominee of tho Whig National Convention, instead of Gen. Cass, the nominee of Locofono National Convention. What is the lesson of this election? That the people desire all tliM Mr. Potk did, for a mere party purpose, and with a view of continuing his supporters, aiders and abettors in power and place, should be undone. Tho Head ot tho administration has been politically ohaiifr- ed by the will of the people. He will take care that Ihe change does nol stop there, Halt, Fat. Tha City ol Inn Francisco. In the AltaCabfurman ' (published in San Francisco) of February 1st, an interesting account is given of the city of San Francisco. " Iu June, 1847, it contained four hundred andfifty-nine souls. In tho previous year thirty houses were built, and laborers received from two to threo dollars per day. In July and August followingthirty-right houses were erected. In March, 1H4S, tho population had increased to eight hundred and twelve, (whites,) being an iucreaae of one hundred percent, in eight months. In April, 18-18, the people were gold struck, and the whole population rushed to the mines. The ef. fects of these rumors about the wealth of the mines are described, but these are familiar themes. Sickness having broken out in the inines they were nearly deserted in August and September, and Ihe peop! crowded to San Francisco, and business began to revive. In November, when the fruits of the miner's labor began to be reaped, San Francisco began to lengthen her strides to prosperity and greatness, Uther advantages are claimed fur tlie town. Ilia said to possess tho safest, largest, and most accessible harbor on the whole coast. The situation of the town is picturesque and only four miles from the sea. The hay of San Francisco is navigable for medium sixed vessels, as are also (ho Sacramento and Han Joaquin. The climate ia healthy. The papulation has increased since March last to about two thousand souls, ileal estate has risen in value from one hundred ty ono thousand per cent. The export of gold dust since May last is supposed to exceed two millions. Tho importation of coin for the purchase of gold dust in H amounted probably to one million of dollars. The imports of merchandise for the same period were eipml in value lo one million of dollars. Tlie duties collected in 1H4H amounted to fl:u,074 tit). The number of buildings erected in Iho year 164H were more lhan fifty. Passengers arriving by seaoue thousand." Delta. From Cnlifornln The Washington Union of Thursday morning, contains a highly important letter from San Francisco, of Feb. 20th, which gives an account of Ihe great die trena and sickness among the emigrants. Com Jones was causing a survey of the Sacramento river to ascertain how far up it is navigable. He heading the excditiuu. The letter says the measles are killing nearly all the Sandwich Islanders. 10,000 were reported to have died of the disease. I'he American Commissioner is at Inggeiheads willi the native Government. I'HoaAiit.v Thi . Il is asserted that (here will be fewer marriages this year limn last for these reasons. One. because so manv voiimr men ant oil' to f '.m;f. many moro acta mado a very great alteration in the ma; the other, became tins year ia ono day shorter mwi aim u svij iju'iw mail me :isi. Tiik Misksotx Hkoistkh We have received the first n umber of tins paper, published by A. Randall .V Co., at St. Paul, the capital of the territory of Mine, sots, situated within hearing distance of the roar of the Fulls of 8:. Anthony. It is a beautiful paper, filled with very interesting information concerning the territory, written by a hand which wields a ready pen, and is at home amid the splendid scenery of thai promising region. The Cincinnati Gaiette says: "The new Territory of M'fiesota has not, that we are aware, any novelist in throw over descriptions of her lakes, rivers, plains and forests, the charms of a beautiful fancy or Iho glow nf a warm imagination, Neither has she yet, as Michigan had when for a couple of years the residence nl Mrs. Kirklsnd, numerous small towns, and well populated rural districts, presenting lo the pourlraying pen of genius new and interesting phases of human life. Rut she has jual scni forth, iu the Minrsota Hrgistsr, a rcpresentntivn of her physical and moral characteristics, which, if a spirit of aaiie and magnanimous enterprise be not en- t rely banished Irmn the breasts of men hy the fever of un tropohian speculation and the glister of golden adventure, will cause the tide nf emigration to set in that direction so strongly aa soon to hue tho hanks of tin Mnoosinppi, the shores of Lske Pepin, and the rspida of the St Crois, (not to speak of the beautiful sites nliiug the expansion nf this river where settlements linve alremlv commenced, the chief nf which is th ! town of Stillwater,) with villages, farms, saw-mills, flour milts and other manufactories."

Win lp Eli JU Y OHIO OURNAL VOLUME XXXIX. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, MAY 2, 1849. NUMBER 36. PUUUMII'.D KVF.IIY WEDNESDAY MORNING, BY THRALL & HEED. ir , JlRcein tha Journal Uaildiw?, south Ctrl corner of High sirootand Sugarallny. WM.il. THRALL AM) 111'NKY REED, Euitohs. TERMS: ,. , . TnnEEDoi.LAltnpKH AKi!,wliichninybodiBOlinrgocJ by tlio payment ofTwo Uoi.i.AHsin advance, nud true ol postage, or of pr omitnifc to Agents or Collectors. The Journal is alo puliltHhrl Daily mid I ri-Wenkly du ng lliovoar; Daily, per mi i. JjtH ; Tri-W nMy.jf.-i W. VViiDNlCDAY KVli.NING, April 3(J40 llepenl oi'the Illnck Law Who prolits by it 1 It pleases the editors of Hie Statesman and the Cincinnati Globe to represent us as being disobliged by the repeal of the Ulack Laws by the last Legislature. Aa these gentle inon have only to put themselves upon the itand and testify, in order to prove precisely whai they please, it ii useless for us to ounlend ngainat either their allegations or their proof ; and aa since thai beautiful .consolidation of mutual interests, cemented by mutual dishonesty, took place, which wm solemnized under the ghostly auspices of the late Legislature, they havo acquired the ability to testify in each other' cause, we know of nothing that they cannot sub-itautiato when it is for their interest to undertake. For many years in fact, over smco the repeal of the Ulack Laws hat been agitated, the Journal lias been the steady and consistent advocate of iuch repeal, and the Statesman has during the same time been ita violent and uncompromising opponent. The evidence of this slate of facts does not lio in the declarations of tho editors of the Statesman and Globp, but can be exhibited any day by an appeal to the files of the papers themselves. The course of the Journal was the result of a conviction on the part of its con duclors, of tho injuslicc of the provisions of the laws, as well as of a desire to avoid that species of public notation, which it is now charged with ondeavoring to foster. The course of the Statesman was, wo presume, dictated by views and opinions of an opposite character. Tho relalivo position of the two papers was not changed at the last St.a to canvass, from what it had been for years before. Tho Locofoco pirty, with the Statesman at its head, went into the eiectin pledged against the repeal of tho obnoxious statutes charging j the Whig with lha advocacy of that repeal as a crime, j and endeavoring, by every possible means, to make it the main question at issue between the parties. The1 Legislature thus elected, consummated the repeal. Tho Whigs did what was expected of I hem, and what they intended to do, if possible The Locofocns violated their pledges, and did the very a:t which befre the election they had denounced as the climax of all that was wicked and false. The editor of the Globe tells willful untruth when he charges ns with harboring feelings of disappointment or sorrow because the Mack Laws have been repealed. We were anxious thai the obsolete as well j as the oppressive should bo taken from among our laws ; and have done more to secure that result than lint Statesman certainty we were about to say than a regiment of such time-serving, hobby-riding gentry as tho Statesman's new allies. It was the Globo and is compeers who rode the repeal at a holiby the Journal never. We have lost nothing by it; but havo gained by tho dispersion of a cloud in the political atmosphere of the Htule. On the other hand third partyism lost its all, the first time it won it bartered its prancing steed to secure a momentary triumph, with the reward of going on fuot the remainder of its days. We shall continue to show up Locofoco inconsistency in this nutter ; and if the editor of the Globe is unwilling that the true character of his allies should be known, his true course is not to povoke discussion ; for there is a homely proverb, under whoso operation the whole exhibition may cuino, Vnccrtttiu Telegraphing. We observe m the telegraph intelligence of yesterday that the Statesman killed off tlie brother of the late 'resident of the United Slates M-ijur polk; while our translator, more ambitious, conferred the paralytic stroke upon the Ex-President himself. If we recollect aright, the despateh said "Colonel Polk ; " till our neighbor may bo right. Ho is much more of a l'n Ik man than we are. We will toss up with him which it shall be. H hoot in o at Dayton. Alexander II. Folkerth was shot on Saturday night last by a man named Wright. It appears that the gun was discharged from the house of Wright, who complains of having been disturbed by the deceased. Folkerth died on Monday night. Thero is a mystery hanging over tho attar which the papers fail tu elucidate. A Popular Mas, ash a Good ArroiNTstr.-iT. John W. Allen, of Cleveland, Otiio, has been appointed to the ullice of Mineral Agent. In noticing this appointment, wo observe, with satisfaction, that it n announced willi expressions of commendation by the paers of all parties in tho city of Cleveland, each vieing with the other in speaking its satisfaction. IL7"Tho Wyandot Tribune of Saturday last, notices tho departure from that place of the Hon. Joseph Chalice, for California. Ho was one of the Associate Judges of tho county, and a highly respectable and estimable man. The place rendered vacant by the resignation of Judge Chaffee, has been filled by the appointment of Andrew M Anderson. Tin Stoma Tk kkt. At tho late charter election at Upper Suidnsky, the entire Stoga ticket was elect, rd, with the exception of one Whig councilman. The Locos failed loelect l single officer. Uoys, stir up the monkeys ! " ffj We have been shown a late number of the Zanesritla .'lurara, containing a contribution, which peaks badly for tho penetration of tho editor. It is tu he hoped that it will not be lung before he does Letter. lUiiTroito (Conntc tic l r) MimcirAt. Ei.kctiom. Tho election for city olliccrs took place on Monday. The Whig candidate, lion. Philip Ripley, was chosen Mayor by a large majority. Three Whig Aldermen, out of four, and sixteen out of twenty of the Common Council, are Whig. All the other olliceraare Whig The Orpin ol the .Mourners. The Washington U nion sajs : " We shall give place to the trpost of every oliicer who has been removed and appeal to the press for the publication of his gnev anet'S." It is to be hoped that the veteran editor will have a good lime of it, and a Urge run of custom. Nr.w I)iscovkhii:s Cohstantm. -The Portsmouth Tribune uiiuinerates among other thing to be provided for in the reformed const uutiuu, that H None but individuals of tho white race to be recoguned, politically, as citix'-ns." We had supposed, in our ignorance, that this was already provided for, in our present pour oi.u constitution.IUu .ho a im TiiitoL'iiii Nkw You. Hy a recent arrangement, four trains of cars leave llutfiln daily, for the Hast. The first at five and a half, A. M the sea-oud at nine, A. M ; tho third at three, and the fourth at eight, P. M. InnmtANCB is Ohio . 'Ha' Cincinnati Atlas says: 11 It is said and it is melancholy to think of it that thero are no less than thirty -ti va thousand whits per sons in the Slate of Ohio, over twenty-one years of i age, that are totally unable to lead a Word of their mother tongue ! of whom a large number are to be found iu tins city." The Mine sot a Register, " is to be published at St Paul, under the auspices of Mr. Randnll, who has been attached for two years past to the U. 8. Genlogi- ' cal Corps, for tho survey of that Territory, and has hoc omo well ac'uamted with tho country, and the people. Two men, discharged by tint Lawrence and Man chester Railroad Com pan v, Mass., Inst week sought revenge by exploding a uingnaine of forty six kegs of powder which blew the building to atoms, and one of the incendiaries with it. Tho other was badly scorched, IP" The Rrig Fhiladtlphia, Capt. Dana, was lately prevented front running into Water street, in Sandusky city, by coming in coniact with a lumber yard The rnptain looks upon the channel as a very crooked one. The New Constitution mid its Orgim No. 2, Messrs. Editors : That poor Sir Matthew Hale may be pulled down in season to give place to other works of demolition, it seems that the editor of the Statesman has enlisted a corps of pioneers, the second of whom made his appearance on Saturday last, under the name, style and title of " Fiat Juiiici Rt Catitm," with an alias of" . t'luribua Uhum." Fearful of a champion who has such sluresof Latin at his command, and tho more especially of one who deems thi senior editor of the Journal tho only antagonist worthy of his sword, you will excuse mo when I confess that I approach this contest with feelings a very little altin to trepidation. With all deference to tho presumed wisdom of the gentleman with the Latin cognomen, I must be allow-ed to presume that the functions of Judicial officers, at the period which was marked by the services of Sir Matthew Male, were very similar to those which they at this day perform. It is scarcely necessary to suggest to so learned a writer, that neither then nor now, were Judges entrusted with the business of making tho law. They declared what tho law was, and for that purpose presided in the Courts ; but the bustneea of legislation wns as it now is, a different function, and in oilier hands. That Sir Matthew Hale was seized of any new power, gained any new light, or became bound by any now responsibility, because it so happened " that ho had a settled conviction thai there were witches," I cannot understand; and when such a declaration was made by tho Statesman's essayist, he ought, in pity to the public ignorance, at least, to havo hinted at some reason or evideuco for such a belief. No one doubts that Sir Matthew llulo presided at trialrf of persons charged with witchcraft, under tho laws of England, and no one doubts that there were such laws, expressive of the popular sentiment of tho realm and binding upon the courts. No laws among tho statutes of Great Britain were more fully justified by the popular belief, and there were none whoso repeal would tiave created greater public commotion. I'he belief in witches and witchcraft, and the socia and legal proceedings which grew out of that belief, were based upon what was nt that time, understood to bo the positive testimony of tho Holy Scriptures to the existence of Satanic poaststiont and an equally positive declaration of its horrid wickedness and cru elty. This belief, founded as wns then thought up-on evidence so uniuestionuhle, furnish?s a key to tho otherwiie inexplicable anomaly of a nation, so far ad vanced in learning and civilization, clinging to a superstition, which we, with better light, deem so absurd and untenable, It was done away by tho advance of reul Uiblical learning, and faded in tho light of the true interpretation of tho Scriptures. K. pLunmus TJxuu charges Sir Matthew Halo Willi having presided at tho trial of Rose Cullender and Amy Dory at Suffolk assizex, on (he tilth ol March, KiG'i. To this charge, Sir Matthew will be forced to plead guil'y ! The next charge is of partiality which, if it appear it all, is in the following paragraph in his charge to the jury : Whereupon the Jude, in giving his direction to the jury, told them that ho would not repent the evi dence unto tlieut, lest ly so mmig lie snoujo wrong the evidence on the 14110 sido r the u'her. Only tins acquainted them, that they had two things to en- luiru alter, r irst, Whether or no these cnuuren were bewitched? Secondly, Whether the prisoners at the bar were guilty of it i ' If the Honorable Judge leaned in cither direction in the above, will V.. Vlurilui Uaum please inform the public to which side he leaned? The next charge is of a desire to convict the accu sed. If litis spirit appears at all, it is iu the following paragraph, which, with the preceding quotation, contains all the proof which has ben furnished by tho essayist; and if il is in this paragraph wo havo failed to sec it : "That there are such creatures as witches he made no doubt at sll ; For first, the scriptures had nllirmed so iniirli. Secondly, the wisdom of nil nations had provided laws nganist such (htsoiis, w hich is an argument of their confidence of such a crime. And such hath been the judgment of tins kingdom, as appears by the act of I'aitiaineiil which hath provided pun-idhuieiils proportionable to tho qualities of the oflWice. And desired them strictly to ostierve the evuleiice ; an a desired the good God of heaven to direct their hearts in this weighty thing they hud -in hand : For to condemn the innocent, and to lei I he guilty go free, were both an sboimiiation to the Lord ! I V ol. u , page UU, of Ktiglish State TrinU." Will J. VlurihtiB Viiam please inform the public which part of the foregoing contains the evidence of a desire to convict the accused? It is to bo regretted lint in the placn of his own shallow twaddle, E Vlarihut L'num did not furnish a copy of the testimony given mi the trial, as that might have been instructive, and could uot fail to be curious. Yuurs truly, Rf.ArK-Sroxe, Jr. Cl.RVKI.ANII, Cnl.tlMKes A Ml CtKl'IflNATI 11 At I. lloAt. Messrs. Witt & llarheck, who have the contract for the construction of this llosd, long since sublet the entire distance between Cleveland and Co-luuihus, and there are now at work on that portion about 1000 men, and more aio being added from day to diy. The work is being prosecuted with great vigor, and will bo ready for tho superstructure, as per contract, by June I, Ir.'iO. Tho precise distance between Cleveland and Columbus by the survey adopted, is I'M miles. A corn of Engineers is in attendance for overy twenty-five unlet. As has already been announced, Mr. Kelley, the President of tho Road, has negotiated for 7,000 tons of iron, sullicient to lay tho track of seventy miles, mora than half of tho Road. One feature iu this great work is that every thing connected with il is done in the best possible manner. Tho abutment fit the bridge across tho canal at the foot of Vineyard street is a model piece of work, and a fair specimen of the balance of the Road. Mr. K el Icy, wIm has hern absent for several weeks, is expected in tins city in a few days; when soma more interesting facts may be presented. Cltcttatul tin aid. Fn.LMnrtr. tf 7yr. Tho Vicksburgb Whig says that a short lime before Gun. Taylor went to Washington, he was about tu visit ft place where the cholera was raging, and wsa reminded of tho untimely death of General Harrison, when he quickly replied : " (Vies xfiiurstlttt no untaiintss, jfcntUmtnt Fill-hour it nut a Tijlrr ! II .j John W. Crockett, appointed Commissioner to superintend the building of tho New Orleans Custom House, is a sun of the famous Davy Crockett, who fell on the bloody field of Alamo. Young Crocket was a member of the -tith Congress, and had (Jen, Harrison lived, lie would have been Charge D Alfairus to Texas, that Wing an object of special desire will) Itiut, as furnishing, hint will) I lie means to recover tho bones of his fit her. He is a deserving man, and having been uulortunnte in a newspaper speculation, wo rejoice in Ins good fortune. Dark 1'rospcrU in tlrowu County. The Ripley lice, speaking of the ft e lings of the c itniituency of llrowu county, in regard to the doings of their Representatives, Messrs Evans and Smith, says : " These gentlemen, members of the last Legislature nf Ohio from this county, are out iu a card, asking their constituents to amno up to Georgetown on tho I'.'tll proximo, and hear their defence of the course pursued by them lal winter. These gentlemen complain of having been judged without n hearing, and call upon nil the Democracy nf the count v to be pres ent, and if they have any questions to ask or nl.io tiiis to miike to join in the discussion. 7 hey sny they only ask a lair hearing, and then they aio willing tu be absolved or condemned, as the Democracy plcuse. N 13 see iinthtng tin fill r in tins, mid we doubt not tho Democracy will give these worthies their doe. If the opponents nf the 11 Repeal," and of the election of Senator Chnso, nre as rampant as they were a few weeks ngo, it will be an interesting meeting. " Mr. Nonius nfCIcruinnt, is to bo present at tho meeting, he being iu the same predicament. The books fr subscription to the stock of the I.ako and Trumbull Plunk Road Company were opened here yesterday, and A7,titlt( were promptly subscribed by our ciliirns, in addition to the $'tl,(iu0 which tho trustees of the township were auihomed to subscribe, by an almost unanimous vote id' the people, Th" amount ahead v subscribed is $ I'.OOO. The road will bo built. I'aimtiltc Tctrtfraph. From lha Indopoiuience Expositor, (extra.) of the fiih. Important from Culiloruin Tho following letter, received by Mr. Z. Leonard, of our county, can be relied upon, concerning the true state of a 11 airs now existing in California, as the writer is a man of well known veracity, and was for many years a resident of this county : San Fuancisco, U. C, Oct 2. KM 3. Deaii Sin: take Hub, the earliest opportunity, to inform you of my arrival here. I found California in another revolution, not of blood, but of gold, if 1 should attempt to give you anything like a true account of lite condition of this country at the present time, 1 would tail, for I have not language toexpreas, nor descriptive powers to delineate its true condition ; if 1 had, you would lack faith to believe. We arrived at the gold Mimes on Weaver's creek, a branch of the American fork of the Sacramento, where my family is at this time, afters toilsome, tedious, and perilous journey of five months and five days ; but, thank Providence, without Ions or injury. Providence has guided and directed my course, and kind fortune has taken me by tho hand at every step. 1 lost but one an-" 111 pi J on the route. I brought every species of property 1 started with, which is worth more here in gold than alt I ever was worth put together, in all my life. I sob), when I landed in the mines, the wagon I bo't of Oldham, and three yoke of oxen, for $i,UU0in gold, and was offered $1,200 for the other wagon and oxen, but I would not sell it; it is worth as much to me aa a steamboat is to its owner 011 the Missouri river. 1 have given it lo young Nottingham, who drove out for ine, on the halves ; lie hauls from Ihe Embarcados, a town laid out at Sutter's Fort, forty miles from the mines, and the head ot navigation at this time; the road is better than the road from Lexington to Independence ; he hauls from thirty to forty hundred, and the price varies from twenty to thirty dollars perlmn-hundred lbs., so that, he clears for himself over fifty dollars per day ; time in making a trip, from tour to six days. 1 sold olf all my horses three at $100 a piece, the common price for horses, and mules varies from oiiH to four hundred dollars per head, a great many sold at the hitter prico ; the great demand is for transporting provisions and tools. 1 aold the pistnln I bought of Henry Childs for $200, and the hell for $75 in gold, I have been in the country some three weeks, arid have raised the rise of threo thousand dollars in gold. The prices quoted above, you will feel disposed to doubt, not being accustomed to such high prices, but they nre nothing. Let me give you an idea of the price of provisions, clothing, n , at the mines. Flour $10 to $00 per hundred lbs ; beef 40 els. to 1 per lb; bacon hams $1 to $tl 50 per lb ; suirar To cts ; uohVeoOcts; lejifiOcts to$l; shirts from jjslli to apiece; coats f&."fl to 100; boots shoes ; pickled pork $200 per barrel; these are the mine prices.Now let ine give you some account of these mines. They sro scattered over an area of from fjOt) to 1000 mile, the richest ever known upon earlh. The average calculation for tha amount of persons engaged by men ol superior judgment, including Indians, Mexicans, run away sailors, disbanded soldiers, Connacers from the islands, mid all kinds of men and monsters, are set down at jjjtlti per dav, though you can hire no uinn tor tii.it amount; you can hire some men tor s!")0 per month, but not No. I They will not think of lens than from $iii) to $:00, $i00 and $1000 per iriy, anil two men liavo taken Inon one bole lorty pounds in two days; this is the most 1 have heard of. There are new discoveries being mnde every day, and God only knows where it will end. Gold is nothing more thought of than dirt. There is no credit asked or given, the transactions nre all based upon gold. 1 tlo not like this country I do pot like tho climate, and more than all I abhor and detest the society ; I never expect lo sow a seed or plant a grain in this couiiry. 1 expect to continue in the mines, myself and fiuuily, each one doing his best, until we all get a MUtliciency to livo on independently, which will not be long. My little girls can mnko from 5 to 2"i dollars per day washing gold in pans. So soon as we get ready I expect tu Hinp at this port for Jackson county, .Mo., where I expect lo spend tho balanco of my days in peace and quietness ntid in the enjoyment of family nod friends, where, of all places, I monl delight to be. My average income this winter will bo about lid) dollars per day, and if 1 should strike a good lend it will be a great deal more. The lame majority of per sons who have done well here in tin mines, (and all have done so that have tried,) are going back to the States to live, at least nine out of ten. You know James M Harlin ; he has tusi bought a Mexican ranch, for which he has paid iu gold ft 1 2,000 lor the stock and land, averaging the stock at $'0 per head, and il is thought that lie has made al least twelve Ihoiixand dollars 111 the operation, which makes him siaud monarch of $24,000; but this is nothing. Jesse Measly is said to be worth at lensl $ 10,000. Governor II'Lr''it has made an independent fortune for all his children. You know Bryant, a carpenter who used tn work for Khcncxer Dum.; be has dug out more gold in the last six mouths tlinu a mule can pack. 1 have not ou re time left to tell you the half I want to Old Capt. Sutter has rented out Ins Fort to merchants, tnvern keeiers, grocery -keepers, Ac, at the rati' ot lit'ty thousand dollars per year, besides there are llonl-mg stores at the lauding, iu launches, brigs, A c. The amount id' trade done at this place is supposed to be at le ml $10,000 per day, and is said by merchants of New York nud New Orleans lo be equal to Ihose places at this time in money transactions. Am old cousin Hugh Itoyim used lo say 111 his preaching, " It is good lor us we are here." Il was here that 1 found my old friend, Julian Mar-I 1 found him us we pirted a true friend and he lias been of great service to me here: he has picked up several thousand ibis season : he is loo rich to dig, but is a considerable trader in the inines ; sells shirts it $:t0; serappies nl $lmf, speaks the language llu- I'litly, dances at tho liudiugoes, and stands io. I among the Mexicans, which is a great deal 111 this country. Air. a , I always believed 1 was born Hie child or destiny, and that 1 never was to be subservient tn the wenllti, power, or dictation ot any man, and my belief is now realized. I always detested the idea of making money by luw, pitiful, sneaking advantages that prin ciple never had a place in this breast. I tie shove account and description or matters and things, will seem strange to you ; but, sir, if you believe Divine Revelations or tho sacred truths of Holy writ, you can Deiieve tins statement, From your friend, Ac, M. T. MtCLELLKN. THURSDAY EVENING, April 20, 184U. Rnno nr Claims. The see mid meeting of the Hoard of Claims, undt r the trrnty with Mexico, look place yesterday. Hon. C. II. South was in Ins seal, nud all the members are now present in Washington. a( HAtj, I-A Ohio Etnlgrnllon to Cnlifornln. The frontier correspondent of the St. Louis Repub lican, writing from St. Joifph, April 10, notices sev en companies of emigrtnts from Indiana, three from Michigan, two from Virginia and two from Ohio, en camped nt that place, lie says Ohio has two companies in the field rndy to move. The first is from Ashtabula county, and is composed as follows: II. H. Hlotte, captain; Charles Tinker, lieutenant; L. Reekwith, treasurer; A. W. Webster, secretary ; and A N. Kenk, Lymnu Luce, C. linker, John fucker, M. linker, u. Kendall. G. I'erkms, ti II lyner, and II. M. Way. They go as a joint stock company, Hound ingether lor two years, and carry with them two tents, four wngens, twelve yoke of oxen, nud provisions for nine month. The second company is from Oxford, Hutler county, and composed of John Mutmdale, Jesse Ogle, Man ning Corey, Ham. ClutV, John Lvttle, P. Kcdcnor, Hermann llotid, and O. Greer. They gu as a joint slock company, and are provided with two wngons, two tents, ox teams, and provisions lor six months, The companies will commence moving in a few lays on their journey. Great fenrs are anticipated by many, in case lame bodies move together, that the grass will be innuliieienl for their stock, and these fears are well grounded The Inrje number going by tins route, and all pfovnled with mre or less stiok will exhaust the grans much fnsler th.111 nature will produce it. to obviate tins, coiniinmes will go 111 par lies biirely Inrge enough fir their own protection in travelling, and start at intermediate times. 1 shall continue to forward you the names of persons composing companies located at (his place, until the whole nre yiveu. Gotn it a-foot, We understand that a company of some title n persons, from l he State of Ohio, passed through thin place lat Thursday on foot, and were intending to go through in that way to California. They said they intended to live entirely on meat alter they left the settlements, and could carry with them enough to last 15 or !t0 days, and would kill plenty more on the way, ami asked no odds of "outlita " or "mule teams," as they could beat them " alt holler " in trav eling. 1 be company is spoken ol here as tiring some of tho " b hoys." -Uinirj' ( Dutiuoue) j;rti, 2d insf. "Southern l.onRiie, The Charleston Mercurv has the prooeeedings of a meeting in llcaufort District, South Carolina, in which the " nddress o the Southern members of Cong tea " was heartily responded tu, and a proposition unanimously adopted, to form a sliveholdiog league. The following is ttie proposition : Hrioimt, That it is the sense of this meeting that Ihe Legislature of South Carolina should, nl its next session, ndopt such inesmirea as will tend to unite the shveholdmg Stales in Ihe assumption "1 a position that will enable them, ns one anil indivisible, " promptly and eilicienlly to repel any farther encroachment upon our peculiar institution, whether in the District of Cutumbin, the slave holding states, or in the terri lory of Ihe United Slates South of the Missouri compromise line extended to the Pacific Ocean." "Our anny swore terribly in Flanders" quoth my Uncle Toby. Wiikat Cnor. The W bent in this, and adjoining counties, looks remnrkahlv well, save thai sown in low i' round, winch is said lo be much injured. JWf-i'S II lug. The Wisdom of the Pust. Let no one bo deterred from a careful perusal of the essay upon legal reform ol Sir Matthew Hale, contained in our columns to day, either by its length, or because a silly attempt has been made In discredit its author. The sentiments which it contains challenge respect for their intrinsic merits, and need no recommendation of(great names, or titles of dignity, to give them currency with the thoughtful and tho unpreju diced. There is no species of real human progress that can legitimately dissolve tho connection of the present with the past, nor deprive us of the benefit of those stores of wisdom which experience hasaccumu-la'ed from the revolutions of other countries and other times. In these days, when measures are in progress to change the organic law of the land, it would be wanton indeed, to refiuo to profit by .the wisdom of tho past, whether acquired by observation of its failures or its successes by the study of its precepts or tho warning voice of its examples. There is no time so suitable tu look back over the history of humanity to see and avoid its errors, to discuss tho true and Ihe falsa ngredients which entered into tho composition of its sentiments, and to deduce from all such opinions as shall be valuahlo guides for progress in the coming future To those especially, whose limited knowledge of the history of mankind has led them to the opimuii, that tho wisdom of all past time is nothing, in comparison with the mid-day of intellectual, mural, and political sunshine which w enjoy ; and who, believing that they live in tho very focus of the light nf modern times, see no beauty in rays tefracled l,oiu the sunsets of other ages, this essay is especially commended. It may lead them to the knowledge that thero are mines winch they have never wrought, whose stores aro ns rich as those which they elaborate seas whose real pearls aro as fair as the itnitationn winch they labor to construct. Tu tho temperate and tho thoughtful in politics those who desire to sec in the present measures to hnuge the constitution of the State, something moro than a mere struggle, by one parly, for supremacy over another, to be fought lor now and enjoyed in future, wc commend this essay. In it, and in those which have preceded and are to follow il, they will find stores of wisdom elaborated by onn whose stern integrity knew no party bias, and whose deep and various knowledge, drawn from the history of all ages, by one who did not despise the teachings of tho mighty past, conferred upon lii an authority to instruct above that given by the highest titles and the most responsible of- es ; and whose rigid and conscientious discharge ot h a duty has given his lessons a mural force equal lo their high intrinsic merit. Finally, we hope that these essnya will he read and pondered upon hy those jpio are urging forward thesu movements in the State, in the hope that during tho process of transition, something may occur, from which they may seize a hubby to ride into power. It will give Ihcui a notion of the real importance of the thing whieti they have undertaken, it may teach them something of the responsibilities which attach to those who aspire In guide so important an advance. Il may furnish a model of prudence, fair statement, sound argument, juHt conclusion, and careful elaboration to those who employ their pens upon a sutuc! if so much moment; and lead tn cooler counsels in an nlfair which should as fur as possible be removed from parly strife and absolved from personal bitterness. The Giddng Culuinny. The Washington correspondent of the llaltimore Patriot, in a recent letter, states a fact which shows that Mr. Giddiugs, in charging President Taylor with using his personal influence with members of Con-greas, before his inau titration, for Ihe adoption of the Walker amendment in the California bill, has contra dicted Ins own e i pressed convictions at the time. Ho stales that while that matter was pending in Congress I'hursday or Friday before the adjournment, Mr. Gidditigs,in conversation with a distinguished gentleman from Ohio of high standing and character then in that city, " declared his full and unqualified confidence in Gen. Taylor," in regard tu the action of Congress on Ihe subject of restricting slavery in the new Territories, 14 and said he doubted not if the next Congress should pass a bill for the new territories, containing the Wilmot Proviso, the set would receive Gen. lay-lor's signature." Yet he now unhlimhiugly proclaims from his personal knowledge, that at that very time Gen, Taylor was influencing Congress pliihuK.vu.v on tho subject ! The correspondent says tlat the name of ho gentleman alluded to will be niaje puhic,if Mr. Giddiugs should deny tho truth of fie statement. Ilrilliitiit Dental Operntion. It will be recollected by Ihe readers of the Journal, that during the past year. Dr. Robert Thompson of this city, succeeded in rcumving a frightful tumor from the face of Joo Day, a colored man, whom his deformity and danger frmil that cause had previously rdiidered notorious. During tho operation, Dr. TJiomp-son found it necessary to remove half of the entire upjmr jaw, with the teeth upon thai side, and half of the roof of the mouth, leaving a hirge opening into tho naree. Tho patient recovered, to the surprise of many, but with these deficiencies, affecting both his appearance and voice. We have to-day had an opportunity of witnessing a highly ingenious contrivance, by Dr. W. E. line, resident dentist of tins city, by which he has supplied entirely, the parts cut away, giving Ihe patient a new jaw, a new roof to. his mouth, and a set of teeth perfectly matching those which were lust ; restoring thus, to a great degre. his appearance, his powers of mastication, and Ins voice. Upon the whole, we think it the most complete thing in dentistry that we have yet seen, reflecting like honor upon the perfection of the dental science, and the skill and tal ent of ihe successful operator. D J We hope that tho Statesman's correspondents, Marcus" and "E. I'lvrihts t'sm" will lake proper nolicoofthe essay of Sir Matthew Ihle, copied in our paper to-day. As those gentlemen were very wruth at Sir Matthew for opposing unntteitary changes in the law, we can scarcely expect that they will be othorwise than angry when they find him a warm advocate for progress in all necessary reforms. Ily the way, would it not have been well 1 r those individuals learned in the Uw, if they had wailed until Sir Matthew had fallen before they picked hun up? The Union, ron 1 11 k sank or tux rAnrus to it. Senator Dimmock, of the Holmes county Firmer, speaking of the late municipal election in the city of New 1 ork, says : "The Union of the Democrats und Free Pollers wns not perfected iu New York city, as it uuht to luvo been." And how ought it In havo been ? Up to the point of the distribution of the spoils us it was here at Co. lumbus, where the nuptials were solemnised by tho assistance of the editorial senator himself? It appears to be Ms enjoy nunl of the daintits, which marks Ihe successful ciiiiMiuunation of an union between great parties, who havo hitherto, aa they say in Wisconsin, "been divided only by juration af organization," Sinolb Districts. fiio Cincinnati Enquirer of the 2.'ith has a long and interesting leading article upon the subject of tho single dialriet system. Having already expressed our preference for the plan of single representative and senatorial districts, and given our reasons then for, wo would gladly find space for the article in our columns. We have felt disposed to commend the course of the Enquirer upon the subject of conatitulioual reform, for the candid lone of its articles, ami for the ability which Ihe editor exhibits, to abstract the sentiment from its advocate, and dismiss it without regard to the circumstance ed its authorship. It would be happy if such a practice were more com-moil.Fur tha Ohio btata Journal. TUB NEW CONTHL'TIO!f ASM LEGAL KETOIUI. No. 111. CONSIDERATIONS TOUCHING TH K AMENDMENT ok ALTERATION or LAWES. (Ily Sin Matthkw HalkJ Continued. Cap. III. Toutkhi tha other ertreamt the ovtrttnaciaug holding vf laicea, notwithstanding apparent necessity for and safety in the change J the danger and occasions thereoj. Ily what hath been said in the two preceding chapters, a man would suppose, that all alterations, amend' incuts, or reformations, of municipal lawes, were wholly to be interdicted ; and no room left for il with safe ty or prudence; hut what hath been once settled for law must stand everlastingly without any reformation or alteration ; and that men were better to live under the mconvenioncies of an old law, than undergo that hazard and inconvenience, which may incurr by any amendment or superinducliou of any new lawes. And accordingly many wise and excellent men have laboured, and still do labour under this extream ; and the motives reasons or temptations Ij this extream aceui to be such as these : L Jfy long use and custom men, especially that are aged and have been long educated 111 the profession and practice of the law, contract a kind of superstitious veneration of it beyond what is just and reasonable. Audit happens to them as it doth to the Romanists m point of religion, in relation tn ancient riles and ceremonies transmitted to them from their ancestors, that, thuugh they become overburlhensome ny ineir multitude, or ridiculous by their vanity or im-poriiuency,or antiquated bv Ihe alteration of the ends and uses for which they were at first instituted or introduced, yet they are zealously retained, though to ilm apparent detriment and oppression of religion itself. And accordinirlv it haunens to these men in point of lawes. They tenaciously and rigorously maintain these very forms and proceedings and practices, which, tho' possibly at first they were seasonable and usvfuil, yet by the very change of matters they beeomo not only useless and impertinent, but burthen some and inconvenient and prejudicial to the common justice and Ihe common good of mankind: not cm- Uenng Dial lorms and prescripts of lawes were not introduced for their own salies.but for the use nf pnb-lick justice ; and therefore, when they become insipid useless impertinent and possibly derogatory to tho end, they may and must be removed. 4. An over-jealous fear, that it mar be possible. that some unthought-of inconvenience may emerge, which may introduce some unexpected mischief to the community, and with it a disparagement to tho judg ment, ol tlioso that are undertakers 111 it. And this lion in the way chonks all industrious application to tins most necessary business. Indeed tins very fear 111111 mnko men thai have lo do in ibis importuut affair the more considerate ami circumspect, tho more udvisiug and deliberating, the moro sollicitoua and careful, and the more mature and to take the longer time iu their n suits, but must not wholly obstruct the work itself, when the publtck necessity and good calls for it. II. A timoroiisiipHs to displease and disoblige great ollicersand ministers 'if justice, especially such as have paid dear for places of this nature (one of ttie greatest bines to justice and necessary reformation) ; for it must needs follow upon a due reformation of wh it is amiss, that some ofiiccs must be laid aido as needless, others pared from then redundancy, And il is true, those tint aru concerned 111 point of interest in such reformation, will he upright fully walchlull lo see if any thing of inconvenience may emerge upon such alterations ; and they wilt be ready to inculcate it with ds advantage enoujh to such as shall bo instrumental therein. And if they find the least imaginable default (as it is impossible but some such thing may I'Veue) they will industriously magnify and aggravate it beyond the bounds of truth or prudence. It is a little petly revenge they please themselves Wlthall-liut I shall not need to decry such a pitiful I pusillanimity or lurrowtiess of mind, that will neglect a pub-lick important good, either because it may create some. advantage to theumelves in point of profit, or to those who hold placea of advantage iu courts of justice or relating thereunto. 4 A jealousy, lest any thing offered for the amendment of what is amiss in the law may give a handle to others to ravell into the whole frame of it, and lo be tampering with it lo the publick det'imenl ; and so that which is intended to perfect and advance the law shall be used like a little wedge put into a great piece of Umber, vt Inch sholl give opportunity to violent persons to drive greater alter them, and cleave the whole in pieces. And indeed this often falls nut in g'eat assemblies, especially if times lie not very sedate when any thing of this nature is offered. Perchance one grafts upon it some thing else, and a second a second tiling, and a third a third ; whereby the sole deoigu at tirsi is lost, and something, or it may be many thingx, produced, pernicious both to the law and government. Jtut this may be with care and vigilance prevented, especially as our legislative constitution is established Tin; re be several halts ami stops before a law of this nature lie perfected, whereby iu any uf which such an iiiun-d ilion, if it should happen, may bo obstructed; and that winch is good and necessary tie carryed on, as I hull hive occasion to mention hereafter. 5. Exemplary miscarriages, 111 the late times, of such as have undertaken reformation both in matters civil and ecclcsiasticul, hath brought a disrepute upon the undertaking of any reformation in either ; so that the very name of reformation and a reformer be gins to be a stile or nam of contempt and obloquy ; so tti.it men are as fearful I to be under the imputation of a reformer of the law, as ttiey would be of the name ot suave or loot orhvimcrite And upon these and the like accounts it fares with he law and the sages thereof to the point of reformation of the law, ns il did with the present age and the rirtnusi of Pariinnsus in (location. They dare not meddle with it, but let il livuns long and as well as it can 111 the state they litid it. Only to save their cred its upon inch occasions, they meddle with some little incoiistiieratiie things, as they set the price uiion tur nips and carrot seed ; but nothing is dared to be done ui use auu importance. liut iiolwitlMtauding all these difficulties and oh- atruotious, 1 think good and wise men ought tu make some prudent essay even in this great business, and with very good success both to their own reputation ana tlio punin-K tn-netit. And in order to the encouragement therein, 1 shall propound these considerations1. We are not without excellent and lianuv exam ples of reformation in tins kind to the genera) good ana advantage nt ma 11 kind ; yea. and lor the verv preservation of the lawes themselves, which without due husbandry of the in will dye uf themselves, like irecs mat wani pruning. The Roman Empire was not only signal for its am plitude, power, wisdom, and success, but in a special manner for its lawes. Yet in the proceed of LtoO years they grew so perplexed, voluminous and intri cate, that there wns a necessity of a reformation of them. Tho business was undertaken by Justinian the Emperor, and committed lo about twenty excellent coiiUM'llors and lawyers, Trebonianus being the chief of that college. There were then extant above two thousand volumes of that law, and abovn thirty hundred thousand paragraphs in versicles; and among those divera contradictory lawes, very many lawes touching one and tho same thing, very many lawes obsolete and out of use and practice. All these lawea were revired, corrected, and amended by those noble lawyers, and so much aa was useful reduced into those three volumes which we now call Vomits Juris Cirtlis. vn the Institutes, Digest, and Code or book uf Statutes; and this done in the space of three years, as appears by tho narrative of this business in the code shb titala de ttterijurt enttettando, worth any man's reading. Somewhat of the iike nature was done by Gra-tinn in his Drcntum, bv Innocent in Ins Decretal!, In the time of Ed. 3. non-claime upon tines taken away ; pleadings in English ; fraudulent conveyances remedied ; executors of executors enabled losue; actions given for executors of goods taken away iu the testator's lifetime; and many others. Pass we over the many alterations of the law in tho lime of tho intermediate Kings, and come ti II 7. Then fines with proclamations lo bar entails, and so in part to repeal the alatute of Westminster the 2d ; pro-visions to change the lands of cciru fyus use with wardships, statutes, &,c. In the time of II. H. the changes were yet greater than in any li.oo after Ed. I. Fur lirat, aa to Wales, ho new modelled the whole frame of it's government by the statutes 2ti, 27, and III. IL H. Again, as to a very great concern, as 1 may say, the law received a very considerable alteration ; the statute rfe donis con-ditionaltlius being abrogated as lo altamderof treason ; all uses executed into possession ; estates made to pass by deeds inrolled; fines made more clearly effectual to burr cntailc s ; recoveries in some cases invalidated ; atturneiuent in many cases rendered needless ; dis continuances of lands in riirht of tho wife remov ed; entry given agonist descents in many cases; ail lauds made deviseaulc bv will, which were riot before hut by particular customs; jeofailes and mispleadings rectified ; monasteries dissolved. These and manv more considerable alterations of the law made and successful! v continued to this dav. come we down to the time of queen Elizabeth's lawes for amendment, for writs of error upon judgments in the King's bench, sifamst fraudulent conveyances. against bankru its. These and many more lawes made very great alterations in the law, yet without any such dismal effect, as ttie meluncholy objectors would sup pose, oui very nappy and uselul lor the putilic good. And the reason was. because wise men had the man agement of these great changes, they were not dune rosmy, nor uusiuy, nor inconsiderately, but upon duo and weighty advice and consideration ; and they have been pruclised successfully. The truth is, for these last forty yeais littto hath been done of this kind; the times wero tumultuous and not seasonable for it; and indeed there is the moro need by reason of that intermission and chasms, that some what uf this kind should he done. The second consideration is tins, thai, as all sublu nary things are subject to corruption and putrefaction, to diseases and rust, so even lawes themselves by long tract of time gather certain diseases and excrescences; certain abuses and corruptions grow into the law, as close as the ivy unto the tree or the rust to tho iron, and in a httte tract of time gain the reputation of be ing part ot tho law. So that agrent and considerable part of that reformation, that is pleaded for, is uot so mucii 01 me law, as o anuses and corruptions, and wens and excrescences, and debivs and forninlitica and exactions, that do adhere to the law, and will in lime strangle and stifle it with its close adherence to it. And when thesu dear and profitable rxuberances and ulcers are looked af ter, presently those, that are con cerned in the profit thereof, or do not duty distinguish uc 1 ween uie law ana us auuses and uisenses, cry out upon destroying the low and altering of the law, when in truth it is the rescuing of the law from those en- crouchiuetitsor abuses that are mode upon it or brought into 11. :i. Hut yet further, 1 do not think , I hat the oulv things tit to be reformed in the law are the abuses and corruptions of it; but there aro some things, that are really anil truly parts ! the law, as necessary lo be reformed as the errors or abuses of it. And we must remember, that lawes were not made fur their own sake, but for the snke of those who were lo be guided by ihem ; and though it is true they are and might to he sacred, yet, if they be or are be- coiuu unuiefull for their end, they must either bo amended if it may be, or new lawes he substituted, and the old repealed, so it be done regularly, deliberate! v, and so far forth only as the exigence or convenience justly demands it. And in this respect the saying is trite, stilus popnft su pre ma let tsto. Now lawes be come or arc uuusefull to their end upon two accounts. I. When in their very constitution and fabnek they are rotten and faulty, and unjust, and impossible tu be tiorn without remarkable and common inconvenience. shall not apply this part to the tiling in question. Hut 2dly, when a law, tho never so good in its first institution, yet by reason of some accidental emer gencies that do most usually happen in tract of lime. ither becomes nosuletc and out of use, or weak and unprofitable to ita end, or inconsistent with some new superiiiduclion that time and variety of occasions have introduced. And aa this is most clear in all lawes,so in our English lawes we shall find, what was in use, and poRBildy very etlectual in its tune, is now de serted and antiquated, and utterly unapplicahle to the present itate of administration in England. Glauvillo wrote a system ot our hughth lawes in the liino ot 11. 2. Hracton in Ihe time uf II. :j Urittun in the time of E. 1. Lei any man read them, and see, whether he can by any means accommodate that administration to the present state of things, or ihe present regiment or order ot things to that. ay, il we come to the yearbooks of the time of E. J. any man, that kimwes any thing in tins kind, will moat certainly tiud, that it cannot tit us ; for where is there now one assise or reul action brought, unless where they have no other remedy t So lb, it the stream ol tilings have as it were left thai channel!, and taken a new one ; a.id he, that thinks a state can lie exactly steered by the same lawes in every kind, as it was iwo or threo hundred years since, may as well imagine, that the clo.it lis that fitted him when lie was a child should serve hun when tie is grown a man. Tim matter changeth the custom ; Ihe contracts the commerce ; the dispositions educations and tempcis of men and societies change in a long tract of time ; and so must their lawes in some measure be changed, or they will not be useful I for their state and condition. And besides all this, aa I before smd, lime is the wisest thing under heaven. These very lawes, winch at lirat seemed Ihe wisest constitution under heaven, have some llawes and defects discovered in them by tune. As manufactures, mechanical arts, architecture and budding, and philosophy itself, receive new advantages and discoveries by time and eipeneiae ; so much more do lawes, which concern the(iuaiiners and customs of men. All that, which I contend for in the first snd second chapter, is, not to render lawes of men like lawes of nature fixed and unalterable, but thai it be dim with great prudence, advice, care, and upon a full and clear prospect of Ihe whole business. 4. llul yet further, by length of time and continuance lawes are so multiplied and grown to that excessive variety, that there is a necessity of reduction of them, or otherwise it is not manageable ; aa we have before observed touching Ihe Roman lawes, which in a tract of Hot) years grew to 2000 great volumes. And the reason is, because this ago for tho purpose received from the Inst a body of Uwes, and they add more and transmit the whole to Ihu next age, and they add to what they had received and transmit the whole stock to the next age. Thus as tho rolling of a snow-ball, it mc teasel h in bulk in every ago, till it become utterly unmaungeablo And henco it is, that even in the lawes of England we have so many va rietics of forms of conveyances, feoifuirnt, finrs, release, confirmation, grant, attornment, common recovery, deeds, enrolled, tVc. because the use coming in at several times, every age did retain somenhat of what was past, and added somewhat of it's own, and so carried over the whole product to the quotient. And (his producelh mistakes. A man perchance useth one sort of conveyance, where he should have used another. It breeds uncertainty and contradiction of opinion, and that begets suits and ex pence. It must necessarily cause ignorance 111 the professors and profession itself; because tho volumes ol tho law are not rsaily to be mastered. f. There he in the law to this day some things continuing, which, though possibly of ordinary use or occurrence, yet are mischievous when they come to be used, and would not at all be missed if taken away, and which I shall in the pursuit of particulars evidence to the satisfaction I believe of every knowing considering and unprejudiced liund. ti. I shall add but tins one thing more, that it may jtiMity be (eared, thai if something considerable for the rciormauon u tins amiss in ihe law be not done by It is said that not a single Wing paper wns taken and paid for by the State Department at Wash-inulou, during Mr. Polk's administration; while hosts of Locofoco papers were taken! Mr. Clayton has ordered one half of them stopped, and their places supplied by Wing journals. W hat do ynu suppose Ihe Locos will call it! Froseription of course ! HnttHii Srvi.a or Pa.siai.ooss This is described by a Philadelphia paper as follows ; The hue is a cross between that of pea soup and dirty water, with a stray touch of the greeu scum of a frog pond ; and the proud wearers go up and down H roadway like so many bull Iiojji out on a pleasure excursion. and by Seitus and Ihe Extrnvaganla in the canon law! kl",wtnK d judicious persons, too much may aoine JIM we shall not need, nor is it indeed iierlment.lo y tp rimer mn m roTy .1 bring in forre.gn examples. Our own couulry all'-rds ! i,ro,'M"'". mistaken apprehensions or popular us uiott apt instances. I 'llll"",,ra' 1 ho aniendmeut o things amiss timely, by Edwnid the first, a most wise, powerful and valiant j l,,uw," and judicious men that understand their pnmie, our English Justnnsn, dul make as manv, and u""'n,,M. '"y do very much good, and previ .it very as great and as happy alterations and reforin.ii.ou ot i evnl f'mt ma' "'herwise ensue ; ai.d when the lawes, as might be. If we look upon Wales, he took ,M1,I,,,M 'lt" hy such hands, it may possibly be a strict examination of all the laws of that country l,,u lu',t" allof ,l- And 't be true, that as reverses to preveuior stop such an inundation, yet wo know not how high the pubhek tiecrnsities of supplies may arise, considering our many great undertakings in the Kingdom ; and il is 110 new thing to observe very hard and unreasonable terms granted ns the price and purchase of supplies, when they cannot lie had upon easier terms. And it will have Ibis plussible pretence, that Ihe judgea and lawyers will do nothing to the lawes, and therefore it shail be done by other hands. Such a humour would be more easily prevented hy a wise and sessoinible undertaking in this kind, winch Would not lie so easily diverted or allayed, if once it should lie flying. And thus much shali serve for this chapter. ConKKCTiritT Ei.KCTiott. The Hartford Cmirant lay before ; took away f U'v's l'e official result of the election of Senators as follows : "The nllleinl voles for Senators were counted yesterday El Wbigssreelecled,7 I .ocidoeos, and I Free Soih-r. The W liars are ni the nt, Mi, fitb, Tib, fth, Out, 10th, IHh, I2h, Ctth, I .".Ui, 2ih, and 2Ul districts l.ocos is Ihe Vd, ;bl, bill, H.Ui, ITlli, I -Hi, and l!Uli districts and Free Soil nt Ihe l-lth. The mnionty of the Loco candidate in the l?lh district, is only ti." - filler lie had subdued it, esiieciallv those uf Howell Dim, the gteat Itnlisli Lyeurgus ; tin) he made a most excellent nlleratlon and amendment of the whole ays- j 1cm of their law, as appeurs by the slalule of Ruth- j laud 12. Ed. I. And concerning tlie reformations of the English lawes, h t any man but read Ihe statutes j of Ins time, he will liud as great, yet as happy, altera. 1 lions, as almost can be imagined. Eet us bo t lake an estimate of some, Uy the statute of Glorester he gave nn action of want, where none before lay ; and he fixed the juriadiclion nf gnnt courts to 40ri and upwards. Ily the slalule of VVestiuimler the 2d, he altered the mlure of estates of fee conditional nt common law, which bred a great change. He settled the proceeding 111 wnrd, qua 16 imprdit, replevins, wnli of nieine ; gave srtrs facias and rrgit where none was belore ; took, away age in rut in rini ; gave a. ouod ri dtlorcrntt where none the filed of a uollatcinl warranty in some eases vt ith- out asaeta ; gave receipt to the wife and him in reversion upon default; took away essoins iu ninny cases; and mado divers other notable alterations, which turn-ed about a considerable part of Ihe administration of Uwes ; and by tlie 21th chapter give an onllet to sup plcmcnlal remedies upon new emergencies, ns cmtin-fir, iptod enrol regis drjieiat tononnrntifms in HStttta Again, he prohibited Ihe alienation of lauds in mortmain i made the country liable to answer lor robberies committed; prohibited the new crenting of tenures ; and limited the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts, and of the llarshnlsea and other courts. These and I he Removals Under ths Administration. Tho National Intelligencer has thought it worth while to show that tho Union and othMr ..nn.,iin journals, only provoke " comparisons " when they af- wW tuiiimur too appointments which have been made under the new administration, as "proscrip-turns." The Intelligencer first says, in noticing the display which the Union has made of tho list of changes which have been made in certain officers : We need not, ot COure( IR- to our readers that, if like transcript! had been published of the appoint-uients at the openinguf ihe preoe.hng Democrats Ad-mimatrations.a imo h . A ... been made of what was really, in their cs.?, a ... terimlic uruscnm 1 .. ... ' 1 1 1.7 ' " "I'omoi saita. vvno among us hero in Washington but remembers, for instance, tlie case 111 ooinl. hn 11,., . ., . , r -o now nee me ni 01 me Administration of President Jackson, a list of thirty-odd removals, and appointments to ho mado in lieu of them, wild n a single Stale, (New Hampshire,) was presented to the then Postmaster General by an individual from (hut Hiatn 1. 1,.,. ..if i ..o: . iiiiiibi-ii tni: 11 an uiiicenoiocr just appointed ; which lut, without any other induce- iiiinli U.,.L... - ... - " "ut-nce ur examination 01 toe pen ot roat- master General, ordered to be appointed t This was a sample of the genuine spirit of proscription which, even in the palmy days of Democracy, displayed itself in acts of the most vindictive ....t ...,rUui... r. I cution. 8 1 Thus much fur what was don i th n.rt -h,h Ihe Union supported, and desires to see brought hack into power. Let us see who the list of afiieers which tho Union parades are. The Intellitrenrer ha nn Bulled the Blue Book, and finds as follows : Without noticimr tbnan if tin liHva ra...H mh.U resignation rnnv hx r,rr,iA ;., ,.n..rHi ...n;-.;..... evidence of the insignificance of the ollices laid down,) a scrutiny of the remainder of the several formidable Vtmtm i,C ().,r...l 1'.. i . . .. .r . ... ,,ulJ vamiaiKTB puraueu in ine union within the last week, shows that the annual compen-sation accruing at those ollices, according to the last otlicial reoord, is as follows : Emoluments, Leas tlinn a. in Mure than $10 and less than.. 20.., xo....ao , 3d.. ..do 40.. ..do fiii. ...do 00. ...do 70. ...do til). ...do .do... ...to. ...to.. do do do do do do do do Ranging from 100 do 2i H) do do do do do do :ioo . 400 . 500 , God . Toil . 30... .. 40... .. 00... ,. (it)... . 70... HO... . !K... . 100,, . ..200... .:joo... .to 400... ...to r.iio... ...to GOO... ...to 700... ...to 800... ...to 000... Appoint' Is. 1 a 4 it 3 y 2 3 u 4 ....17 ...,V3 8 5 :t 5 I 1 100 So that of the Post Officea the incumbents nf wl,irh tho Postmaster General has found it necessary lo re. .novo i,r uispiace, me annual emoluments aro, ol sixteen leas than fifty dollars each ; of more than hall of them less than two hundred dollars each; of three lourinsot them not more lhan three hundred dollars each ; not ono of these appointments so made by tho Postmaster General reaching the sum of a thousand dollars. Every lair and unprejudiced reader will at once see that these appointments to one hundred out of trmitetn thousand Fast Offices, want the essential ingfidientof Proscription; that is, that, besides there being very sufficient cause, independently of party considerations, fur the removal of a number of these old uiliners, the removals and appointnenls cannot justly be considered, from the scantiness of the emo luments attached lo them, as part of the srateui of either reward of friends or punishment of enemies ; a sysiem which, as we shall show, was a cardinal principle with Ihe parly (of which the Union" was and is the organ) which opposed the election of General Taylor, and now upon Ihe merest pretences assails his Administration. To this statement nothing need bo added. The Union attempted a reply, but in it contended that it is a principle of the party to which it belongs to proscribe fur opinion sake. It says : " General Jackson was a party man. He had fixed and ascertained principles, which were made known to tlie people when he went before them for their suffrages. The people, in sustaining him, sustained those principles. He had some eieitst, therefore, for so dis pensing the pntronogr. of the Uovernment as to gire the ""i""" ujjictai tnjiucnce in support of mt principles which the prople had sustained in the election." Allow all this to be correct, and what fulluws ? The people elected Gen. Jackson, and so on down to Mr. Polk, lo do certain things and support certain measures. To do this more effectually, lliey so directed the power of appointing to office, as to proscribe from all employment under the government, all who did nut vote to elect their Presidents. The election of Mr. Polk was said to be an approval of tins course, and an admonition from the people to pursue it to the end., lie did du so. And what followed then? The people, understanding Mr. Polk's principles and practices, condemned them, by ref using to elect a man pledged to carry theiti otit. They elected Gen. Taylor, the nominee of tho Whig National Convention, instead of Gen. Cass, the nominee of Locofono National Convention. What is the lesson of this election? That the people desire all tliM Mr. Potk did, for a mere party purpose, and with a view of continuing his supporters, aiders and abettors in power and place, should be undone. Tho Head ot tho administration has been politically ohaiifr- ed by the will of the people. He will take care that Ihe change does nol stop there, Halt, Fat. Tha City ol Inn Francisco. In the AltaCabfurman ' (published in San Francisco) of February 1st, an interesting account is given of the city of San Francisco. " Iu June, 1847, it contained four hundred andfifty-nine souls. In tho previous year thirty houses were built, and laborers received from two to threo dollars per day. In July and August followingthirty-right houses were erected. In March, 1H4S, tho population had increased to eight hundred and twelve, (whites,) being an iucreaae of one hundred percent, in eight months. In April, 18-18, the people were gold struck, and the whole population rushed to the mines. The ef. fects of these rumors about the wealth of the mines are described, but these are familiar themes. Sickness having broken out in the inines they were nearly deserted in August and September, and Ihe peop! crowded to San Francisco, and business began to revive. In November, when the fruits of the miner's labor began to be reaped, San Francisco began to lengthen her strides to prosperity and greatness, Uther advantages are claimed fur tlie town. Ilia said to possess tho safest, largest, and most accessible harbor on the whole coast. The situation of the town is picturesque and only four miles from the sea. The hay of San Francisco is navigable for medium sixed vessels, as are also (ho Sacramento and Han Joaquin. The climate ia healthy. The papulation has increased since March last to about two thousand souls, ileal estate has risen in value from one hundred ty ono thousand per cent. The export of gold dust since May last is supposed to exceed two millions. Tho importation of coin for the purchase of gold dust in H amounted probably to one million of dollars. The imports of merchandise for the same period were eipml in value lo one million of dollars. Tlie duties collected in 1H4H amounted to fl:u,074 tit). The number of buildings erected in Iho year 164H were more lhan fifty. Passengers arriving by seaoue thousand." Delta. From Cnlifornln The Washington Union of Thursday morning, contains a highly important letter from San Francisco, of Feb. 20th, which gives an account of Ihe great die trena and sickness among the emigrants. Com Jones was causing a survey of the Sacramento river to ascertain how far up it is navigable. He heading the excditiuu. The letter says the measles are killing nearly all the Sandwich Islanders. 10,000 were reported to have died of the disease. I'he American Commissioner is at Inggeiheads willi the native Government. I'HoaAiit.v Thi . Il is asserted that (here will be fewer marriages this year limn last for these reasons. One. because so manv voiimr men ant oil' to f '.m;f. many moro acta mado a very great alteration in the ma; the other, became tins year ia ono day shorter mwi aim u svij iju'iw mail me :isi. Tiik Misksotx Hkoistkh We have received the first n umber of tins paper, published by A. Randall .V Co., at St. Paul, the capital of the territory of Mine, sots, situated within hearing distance of the roar of the Fulls of 8:. Anthony. It is a beautiful paper, filled with very interesting information concerning the territory, written by a hand which wields a ready pen, and is at home amid the splendid scenery of thai promising region. The Cincinnati Gaiette says: "The new Territory of M'fiesota has not, that we are aware, any novelist in throw over descriptions of her lakes, rivers, plains and forests, the charms of a beautiful fancy or Iho glow nf a warm imagination, Neither has she yet, as Michigan had when for a couple of years the residence nl Mrs. Kirklsnd, numerous small towns, and well populated rural districts, presenting lo the pourlraying pen of genius new and interesting phases of human life. Rut she has jual scni forth, iu the Minrsota Hrgistsr, a rcpresentntivn of her physical and moral characteristics, which, if a spirit of aaiie and magnanimous enterprise be not en- t rely banished Irmn the breasts of men hy the fever of un tropohian speculation and the glister of golden adventure, will cause the tide nf emigration to set in that direction so strongly aa soon to hue tho hanks of tin Mnoosinppi, the shores of Lske Pepin, and the rspida of the St Crois, (not to speak of the beautiful sites nliiug the expansion nf this river where settlements linve alremlv commenced, the chief nf which is th ! town of Stillwater,) with villages, farms, saw-mills, flour milts and other manufactories."