Kamis, 09 Juli 2015

Copper is a chemical elemen

paket wisata lombok Copper is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. arms is derived from the Latin Cuprum.Tembaga conductors of heat and electricity. Besides these elements have rapid corrosion once. Its pure copper smooth and soft, with a reddish orange surface. Copper mixed with tin to make bronze. These metals and aloinya (mixture) has been used for four centuries. In the Roman era, copper is generally mined in Cyprus, which is also the origin of the name of this metal (сyprium, metal Cyprus, later shortened so сuprum). Bonding of the metal is usually named with copper.
tour lombok Copper ions can be dragged into the water, where they function in high concentrations is as an anti-bacterial agent, fungisi, and additional material wood. In high concentrations, the copper would be toxic, but a small amount of copper is an essential nutrient for human life and plant a low level. In the body, copper is usually found in the liver, brain, colon, heart, and kidneys.
paket wisata lombok Copper synthesized in massive stars and is in the crust with a concentration of 50 parts per million (ppm), or may also be in the form of native copper or copper sulfide minerals in the form of chalcopyrite and chalcocite, azurite and copper carbonate mineral Malachite and copper oxide copper kuprit.Massa pure mass ever found 420 tons, was found in 1857 in the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, USA. Native copper are polycrystalline, with the largest known crystal measuring 4.4 × 3.2 × 3.2 cm.
Chemistry - paket tour lombok
Copper does not react with water, but he reacts slowly with oxygen from the air to form a layer of brown-black copper oxide. In contrast to the iron oxidation by air, the oxide layer is then stop the corrosion continues. A layer of verdigris (copper carbonate) green can be seen in constructions of the old aged copper, such as the Statue of Liberty] Copper reacts with sulfide to form copper sulfide.
Isotope
Main article: Isotopes of copper
Copper has 29 isotopes. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable isotopes, with the highest percentage of 63Cu is in nature, around 69%. Both of these isotopes have a number of spin 3/2. Other isotopes are radioactive, the most stable is 67Cu with a part-time 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been identified, 68mCu is the isotope with the longest half-time, 3.8 minutes. Isotope with mass number above 64 may decays by β-, while for mass numbers below 64 decays by β +. 64Cu (part time 12.7 hours), decays in both ways.
Binary compounds - mutiara lombok
As with other elements, the most simple copper compounds are binary compounds (composed of two elements only). The most important such binary oxides, sulfides, and halides. Copper (I) oxide, copper (II) oxide, copper (I) sulfide, and copper monosulfida is an example of a binary copper compounds. For a halide compound, which is known among the copper (I) chloride, copper (I) bromide, and copper (I) iodide, also copper (II) fluoride, copper (II) chloride and copper (II) bromide. Experiments made of copper (II) iodide it produces copper iodide and iodine:
2 Cu 2+ + 4 I- → 2 CuI + I2
Physical - harga mutiara
Copper, silver, and gold is at 11 group elements in the periodic table and have the same properties: have one orbital electron-atom d s skin with good electrical conductivity properties.Malleability copper can be explained by the high electrical conductivity (59.6 × 106 S / m) and therefore also has a high thermal conductivity (second highest) among all pure metals at room temperature.Together with cesium and gold (both yellow) and osmium (bluish), copper is one of four metal with the original colors other than gray or silver. Pure copper is red-orange and to red when in contact with air.
harga mutiara Chuquicamata in Chile is one of the largest open copper mine in the world. Most copper is mined or extracted in the form of an open pit copper sulphide or deposit. Examples of existing mines, among others, Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, USA. According to the British Geological Survey in 2005, Chile is the largest copper producer in the world and controlled a third of the world market, followed by the United States, Indonesia, and Peru. Copper can also be obtained by in-situ leaching process. Some mining area in Arizona using this method.
Method - paket wisata lombok
The main article for this section are: copper extraction technique
The concentration of copper in ores that there is an average of only 0.6%, most of the existing commercial ore is sulphide such as chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) or chalcocite (Cu2S). This mineral concentration increased up to 10-15% copper with Froth flotation or bioleaching process. Heating this material with silica in flash smelting will release the content of iron and iron sulfide transform into oxide. Compound product consisting of copper matte Cu2S then baked to transform sulphide into oxide
2 Cu2S + 3 O2 → 2 Cu2O + 2 SO2
Cupric oxide is then heated:
2 Cu2O → 4 Cu + O2
Matte process converts only half sulphide into oxide and then eliminate all sulfur into oxides. This process will transform the copper oxide to metallic copper. Natural gas is then supplied to remove oxygen (electrorefining process) and then change into a pure copper material.
Reserve - lombok tour
Copper has been used since 10,000 years ago, but more than 96% of the number of newly mined copper extracted after 1900. Reserves on Earth is still very large (approximately 1014 tons), or enough for 5 million years at current extraction speed. Even so, only a small portion of the economic value of this amount, with the technology and the current selling price. Some estimates say that the existing reserves only enough for 25 to 60 years, depending on how large an increase in its use. Recycling copper is one of the main sources.
Copper prices are also unstable, for example, from a price of US $ 0.60 / lb (US $ 1.32 / kg) in June 1999 to US $ 3.75 / lb (US $ 8.27 / kg) in May 2006. In February 2007, the price dropped again to US $ 2.40 / lb (US $ 5.29 / kg) and go up to US $ 3.50 / lb (US $ 7.71 / kg) in April of the same year. In February 2009, weakened global demand and falling commodity prices makes the copper price is around US $ 1.51 / lb.
Recycling - mutiara lombok
Copper, such as aluminum, can be recycled 100% without reducing quality. Judging from the volume, metal copper is the third most widely recycled, after iron and aluminum. It is estimated that 80% of all copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the International Resource Panel, global per capita copper consumption is around 35-55 kg. The biggest users are the developed countries (140-300 kg per capita), while in developing countries about 30-40 kg per capita.
The recycling process is generally the same as the copper extraction process, but the process is much less. Former copper with high purity melted in the furnace and then reduced and reshaped into billets and ingots; whereas the former copper with a purity lower reprocessed by electroplating in sulfuric acid.
Assorted copper fittings
The biggest use of copper for electrical wiring (60%), roofing and piping (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is usually used in the form of pure metal, but when it takes a higher level of violence it is usually mixed with other elements to form the alloy. A small portion of copper is also used as a nutritional supplement and fungicides in agriculture.
Wire and copper cable - harga mutiara
Despite competing with other materials, copper remains selected as the primary electrical conductor in almost all categories except electrical wire in the electric power transmission in which aluminum is preferred. Copper wire is used for power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronic circuits, and various other electrical appliances.
perhiasan mutiara Electrical wire is the most important market for the copper industry. This includes the building wiring, telecommunications cables, power distribution cables, automotive wires, magnet wires, etc. Half of the amount of copper that is mined is used to make electrical wire and cable conductors. Many electrical appliance using copper wire because it has a high electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, can be soldered, and easy to install. open trip lombok