ROAD

Types of Roads in India

Length (km)

Expressways

1,208

National Highways

92,851

State Highways

1,63,898

Major and other district roads

17,05,706

Rural & other roads

27,49,805

National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)

The National Highways Authority of India was constituted by an act of Parliament, the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways entrusted to it and for matters connected or incidental thereto. The Authority was operationalised in Feb, 1995.

National Highway Development Programme (NHDP)

The National Highways Development Project is a project to upgrade, rehabilitate and widen major highways in India to a higher standard. The project was implemented in 1998 under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

RAILWAYS

Rail operations in India are handled by Indian Railways, a state-owned organization of the Ministry of Railways.

It is one of the world’s largest railway networks comprising 115,000 km of track over a route of 65,808 km and 7,112 stations.

FAST FACTS OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

First Passenger Train Ran On

16th April 1853 (between Bombay to Thane)

First Railway Bridge

Dapoorie Viaduct on the Mumbai-Thane route

First Rail Tunnel

Parsik Tunnel (1865) near Thaane

First Ghats Covered by the Rail lines

Thal and Bhore Ghats

First Underground Railway

Calcutta METRO

First Computerized Reservation System started in

New Delhi (1986)

First Electric Train ran on

3rd Feb’ 1925 (between Bombay VT and Kurla)

Toilets on Trains were introduced in

1891 (1st Class) & 1907 (lower classes)

Shortest Station Name

Ib (Odisha)

Longest Station Name

Venkatanarasimharajuvariapeta (Tamil Nadu)

Longest Railway Platform in the World

Gorakhpur Junction railway station (1.35 km lenght)

Longest Railway Bridge

Vembanad Rail Bridge (4,620 m lenght)

Longest Tunnel

Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel (11,215 m lenght)

Oldest Preserved Locomotive

Fairy Queen (1855), still in working order

Indian Railway’s Fastest Train

Bhopal-Shatabdi (runs at a speed up to 195 km/h)

Train with Maximum Number of Halts

Howrah-Amritsar Express (115 halts)

· The manufacture of steam locomotives in the country was stopped in 1972.

· The Rail Museum in Delhi is the largest in Asia.

· The longest running train covers a distance of 4273 km between Dibrugarh and Kanyakumari: It’s called the Vivek Express.

· The shortest distance covered between two successive stations is 3 kilometers

· The railway station of Navapur is built in two states; half in Maharashtra and the rest is in Gujarat.

· Indian Railways has a mascot – Bholu, the Guard Elephant.

· The Maharajas’ Express is a luxury train owned and operated by Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation. The Maharajas’ Express was voted “The World’s Leading Luxury Train” thrice, in a row at The World Travel Awards, 2012, 2013 and 2014.

· Diamond Quadrilateral is a project of the Indian railways to establish high speed rail network in India. It will connect the four metro cities in India, i.e. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.

Railway Zones in India

There are 16 zones and the 68 divisions in Indian Railways.

Name Railway : Abbreviation

Length in km

Date Established

Headquarters

Central : CR

3905

05-11-1951

Mumbai

East Central : ECR

3628

01-10-2002

Hajipur

East Coast : ECoR

2572

01-04-2003

Bhubaneswar

Eastern : ER

2414

14-04-1952

Kolkata

North Central : NCR

3151

01-04-2003

Allahabad

North Eastern : NER

3667

14-04-1952

Gorakhpur

North Western : NWR

5459

01-10-2002

Jaipur

Northeast Frontier : NFR

3907

15-01-1958

Guwahati

Northern : NR

6968

14-04-1952

Delhi

South Central : SCR

5803

02-10-1966

Secunderabad

South East Central : SECR

2447

05-04-2003

Bilaspur

South Eastern : SER

2631

01-08-1955

Kolkata

South Western : SWR

3177

01-04-2003

Hubli

Southern : SR

5098

14-04-1951

Chennai

West Central : WCR

2965

01-04-2003

Jabalpur

Western : WR

6182

05-11-1951

Mumbai

WATER TRANSPORT

The Central Water Transport Corporation (CIWTC) formed in 1967, headquartered in Kolkata, is mainly involved in transportation of goods, and the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) formed on October 27, 1986 for the development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation.

Number

Stretch

Estd. In

Distance covered

NW 1

Allahabad – Haldia stretch of the Ganges – Bhagirathi – Hooghly river system

Kakinada – Pondicherry stretch of canals and the Kaluvelly Tank, Bhadrachalam – Rajahmundry stretch of River Godavari and Wazirabad – Vijayawada stretch of River Krishna

November 2008

1095 km

NW 5

Talcher – Dhamra stretch of the Brahmani River, the Geonkhali – Charbatia stretch of the East Coast Canal, the Charbatia – Dhamra stretch of Matai river and the Mangalgadi – Paradip stretch of the Mahanadi River Delta

November 2008

623 km

NW 6

Lakhipur to Bhanga of river Barak

2013

121 km

* NW = National Waterway

PORTS

Indian coastline is about 7516.6 kilometers and it is one of the biggest peninsulas in the world.

India has 12 Major ports that handle large volume of traffic and 200 minor ports in India.

The Major Ports are administered by the central government’s shipping ministry.

The Minor and Intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states.

The Coastal States in India are Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and

Major Ports in India

Name and Coast

State

Sea

Facts

Chennai – EC

Tamil Nadu

Bay of Bengal

Second largest port

Cochin – WC

Kerala

Arabian Sea

Natural Harbour

Ennore – EC

Tamil Nadu

Bay of Bengal

Most modern-in private hands

Jawaharlal Nehru – WC

Maharashtra

Arabian Sea

Largest container port

Kandla – WC

Gujarat

Arabian Sea

First special economic zone

Kolkata – EC

West Bengal

Bay of Bengal

Oldest operating port

Maormugoa – WC

Goa

Arabian Sea

Goa’s main port

Mumbai – WC

Maharashtra

Arabian Sea

Busiest and biggest port

New Mangalore – WC

Karnataka

Arabian Sea

Exports Kudremukh iron-ore

Paradip – EC

Odisha

Bay of Bengal

Exports raw iron to Japan

Tuticorin – EC

Tamil Nadu

Bay of Bengal

Southernmost

Vishakhapatnam – EC

Andhra Pradesh

Bay of Bengal

Deepest Port

* WC : Western Coast & EC : Eastern Coast

AIR TRANSPORT

India has bilateral Air Service Agreement with 103 countries.

There are 450 airports in the country in various stages of development.

Airports Authority of India (AAI), constituted in April 1995, manages a total of 125 Airports, which include 14 International Airports, 08 Customs Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 25 Civil Enclaves at Defence Airfields.

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