Life 102 Exam I Review Session.docx

Life 102 Exam I Review Session
For the first ten minutes of the review session Dr. Bjostad went over slides/information that would be very
pertinent to the exam:
Chapter One
Know the three domains of life
Know which domains contain prokaryotic cells and which ones contain eukaryotic cells
Chapter Two
Know the four essential elements of life (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon)
What trace elements are
The four types of bonds (covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals interactions)
Chapter Three
Four properties of water that facilitates an environment for life
The specific heat of water
The definition of calorie
The pH equation
What are acidic solutions and basic solutions
Chapter Four
Identifying the three isomers
Knowing the seven functional groups
Chapter Five
The four classes of macromolecules
Chapter Six
The organelles of a cell, know their function and which cell (plant or animal) they are found in:
ER
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Peroxisome
Chapter Seven
The structure, components and function of the cell membrane such as:
Peripheral proteins, integral proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, the cytoskeleton, ECM
Passive transport (diffusion, facilitated diffusion)
Active transport (pumps)
Questions from students
In class you (Dr. Bjostad) mentioned that the environment in mitochondrion is very volatile. Does that mean
the cell constantly has to make new mitochondrion? Yes, the cell is constantly making new mitochondrion to replace the ones that die/gets used up
Can you explain the difference of cis and trans for geometric isomers?
Trans mean opposite sides of a double bond, cis means same side of a double bond
What are the structures of proteins?
Primary: just sequence of amino acids
Secondary: hydrogen bonding occurs
Tertiary: multiple types of bonds occur
Quaternary-multiple polypeptides joined together
What is the difference between hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interactions?
Electrons spend time in some parts of an atom/molecule more than other parts of an atom/molecule. A
delta minus means the electrons spend a lot more time there (this can be seen in the slide with ammonia and
water in chapter two) and this atoms are referred to as electronegative. In hydrogen bonding, hydrogens of
one molecule are attracted to the electronegative atoms of another molecule. With Van der Waals interactions
are very weak and it’s when electrons of one atom is attracted to the nucleus of another atom nearby. The only
reason this is a force at all is strength in numbers. Multiple Van der Waals interactions are necessary to form a
significant force.
What exactly are ribosomes?
They are the factories where proteins are made. They use the information from mRNA to make a
finished item, a protein (peptide), but we’ll cover this later part in subsequent chapters. Just know the first
sentence for this exam.
Is there going to be a picture of the functional groups on the test, or is