Hou Feng, who graduated from Shanghai Maritime University, has been offered some entry-level jobs, but he's holding out for something more prestigious.

Frank Langfitt/NPR

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Originally published on August 22, 2013 5:03 pm

It's been about two months since college graduation, and more than 3 million graduates from this year and last still don't have jobs, according to government officials.

That's not in the U.S., but in China.

China is home to the world's fastest-growing major economy. But with nearly 7 million college graduates this year, a record number, finding work is tough and a worry for the ruling Communist Party.

Earlier this summer, thousands of new grads poured into an exhibition center in Shanghai for a job fair. Dressed casually in sports shirts and simple trousers, they moved from booth to booth, snapping pictures of job postings with their smartphones.

"It's severe, the market still is not booming," says Nie Blanca, who studied international maritime law at Binzhou University in Shandong, a coastal province north of Shanghai.

Nie, 24, was looking for work with a shipping company, but the shipping booths here were empty.

"Now the shipping market is depressed, very, very depressed," she says. "Many shipbuilders have gone bankrupt. They aren't recruiting many people."

Graduates Up, Jobs Down

Weak economies in Europe and the U.S. have hurt trade with China, which is trying to shift its economic model away from cheap exports and real estate and toward consumer spending. In the spring, the country's gross domestic product growth slowed to 7.5 percent — a big drop from the heady, double-digit rates of the last decade.

It shows.

"Compared to previous years, there are not that many jobs for new graduates," says Tae Yeol Kim, an associate professor of Human Resources Management at China Europe International Business School in Shanghai.

"This high unemployment ratio is not a sudden problem," Kim continues. "Gradually, every year, the job openings decrease because of the economic downturn, and the college graduates increase."

'The Jobs Are Pretty Boring'

China has boosted college enrollment to develop a more educated workforce, but all those higher-paying, management jobs have yet to materialize. Kim says universities need to train more students for the jobs that exist, which sometimes involve gritty work.

Hou Feng, who graduated from Shanghai Maritime University, has been offered a few such positions, but he's holding out for something more stimulating and prestigious.

"Graduates have a lot of requirements," Hou says. "In the beginning, the jobs are pretty boring. If you're a salesperson, you have to make 100 phone calls a day."

Hou, 23, studied logistics and has considered training programs, but prefers a desk job that requires minimal exertion.

"In the first two to three years, you need to start from the bottom," he says of the training programs. "Some work as movers, some even work as drivers, going to ports to examine cargo."

A Different Generation

Jennifer Feng, who works at www.51job.com, the Monster.com of China, hears these complaints a lot. She says people born after 1990 — called "jiu ling hou," or literally, "after 90" in Chinese — have only known booming growth and have higher expectations than earlier generations.

"If a job requires overtime or the office is relatively far from their home, their parents will tell them not to take it," says Feng. "The young generation wants to work for fun, not work for life."

Echoing complaints about millennials in the U.S., Feng says many Chinese don't show much commitment in the application process. She recalls asking a young job candidate what his career goals were in the next three years.

"He told me he would go abroad," she says. "I thought it was very strange. If you plan to leave the country after three years, why should I hire you?"

Feng says back in the 1990s, Chinese outworked most foreigners here. But she says in recent years, Chinese have lost their edge.

Facing tough labor markets at home, Taiwanese and people from Hong Kong have come here hungry and willing to work.

Today, Feng says, "they work harder than mainland Chinese."

All of this concerns the Communist Party, which bases its rule largely on the ability to deliver jobs and growth. On Sunday, Premier Li Keqiang met with students at Lanzhou University in western China's Gansu province and talked about the labor market.

He urged students to start their own businesses and create jobs themselves — or move to western China where growth is higher but conditions are less attractive.

The students responded with smiles and applause, but amid tough job numbers and slowing growth, it will take more than pep talks to help China's legions of new graduates find work.

Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.

Transcript

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

And let's turn now to a different challenge for China: the booming number of college graduates. That sounds like that would be a good thing, but it is happening at a time when China's economy is cooling off. And that means more than three million graduates from this year and last still don't have jobs. As NPR's Frank Langfitt reports, this is a cause of concern for the ruling Communist Party.

FRANK LANGFITT, BYLINE: So it's a Sunday morning in an exhibition center in Shanghai, and thousands of people are already here for a job fair. People are walking up to the booths, taking iPhone photos of all the information, asking a lot about salaries. And right now, it's hard actually, for me to move, there's so many people here.

NIE BLANCA: (Foreign language spoken)

LANGFITT: It's severe, the market still is not booming, says Nie Blanca. Nie is 24. She studied maritime law in Shandong, a coastal province north of Shanghai. Nie was looking for work with a shipping company. But the shipping booths here are empty.

BLANCA: (Through translator) Now the shipping market is depressed, very depressed. Many shipbuilders have gone bankrupt. Things are really bad. They aren't recruiting many people. There isn't much demand.

LANGFITT: Weak economies in Europe and the U.S. have hurt trade here. And China is in the midst of trying to shift economic models - moving away from cheap exports and real estate towards consumer demand.

In the spring, the country's GDP growth slowed to seven point five percent. That's big drop from the heady, double-digit rates of the last decade. And it shows.

TAE YEOL KIM: Compared to previous years, not that many new jobs for new graduates.

LANGFITT: Tae Yeol Kim teaches management at China Europe International Business School in Shanghai.

KIM: This high unemployment ratio for young graduates in China is not a sudden problem. Gradually, every year, the job openings decrease, because of the economic downturn, and then the college graduates increase.

LANGFITT: This year to an all-time high: nearly seven million. China has been boosting college enrollment to develop a more educated workforce. But all those higher-paying, management jobs have yet to materialize.

Kim says universities need to train more workers for the jobs that exist, which are often more blue collar.

Hou Feng, who studied at Shanghai Maritime University, has been offered some of those sorts of positions. But he's holding out for something more stimulating, with more prestige.

HOU FENG: (Through translator) Graduates have a lot of requirements. In the beginning, the jobs are pretty boring. If you're a salesperson, you have to make 100 phone calls day. I studied logistics. There are training programs. In the first two to three years, you need to start from the bottom. Some work as movers, some even work as drivers, going to ports to examine cargo.

LANGFITT: Jennifer Feng hears these complaints a lot. She's works for 51job.com - the Monster.com of China. Feng says people born after 1990 - called jiu ling hou in Chinese - have only known booming growth and have far higher expectations than earlier generations.

JENNIFER FENG: (Foreign language spoken)

LANGFITT: If a job requires overtime or the office is relatively far from their home, she says, their parents will tell them not to take it.

Feng switches to English

FENG: The young generation, they want to work for fun, not to work for life.

LANGFITT: Echoing complaints about millennials in the U.S., she says many young Chinese don't show much commitment in the application process.

FENG: (Through translator) I once interviewed a young candidate and I asked: have you thought about your career goals three years from now? He told me he would go abroad. I thought it was very strange. If you plan to leave the country after three years, why should I hire you?

LANGFITT: And these days, Feng says - the hardest-working people around here aren't actually from here.

FENG: (Through translator) We saw many young people from Taiwan and Hong Kong seeking jobs on the mainland. They work harder than mainland Chinese.

LANGFITT: All of this worries the Communist Party, which bases its rule largely on the ability to deliver jobs and growth.

PREMIER LI KEQIANG: (Foreign language spoken)

LANGFITT: On Sunday, Premier Li Keqiang met with university students and talked about the labor market. He urged students to start their own businesses and create jobs themselves, or move to Western China where growth is higher but conditions are less attractive.

(APPLAUSE)

KEQIANG: The students appreciated the visit, but given the tough numbers and slowing growth, it will take more than pep talks to help China's legions of new graduates find work.