https://brilliant.org/curiousdroid/
How do spacecraft navigate in space over billions of kilometers and with split second timing during missions that last for years or decades. Here we look at how its done and the underlying principles that make it all possible.
Sponsored by Brilliant.org
Presented by
Paul Shillito
Written and Researched by
Paul Shillito
Images and Footage
NASA, ESA, MIT, SolarSystemVideos
Music by
Response Data by P C III is licensed under a Attribution License.
Based on a work at www.pipechoir.com
source : http://freemusicarchive.org/music/P_C_III/Response_Data_1945/Response_Data

WHAT IS GRAVITY ASSIST?

In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver, or swing-by is the use of the relative movement and gravity of a planet or other astronomical object to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typically to save propellant, time, and expense. Gravity assistance can be used to accelerate a spacecraft, that is, to increase or decrease its speed or redirect its path.
Credit: CSA
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What is a gravity assist?

2017-09-21 - Did you know that a spacecraft can use a planet’s gravity to change its orbit?
For example, on September 22, 2017, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will use Earth’s gravity to change its orbit and help put it on course to asteroid Bennu, its target destination.
With the help of this gravity assist, OSIRIS-REx is due to arrive at the asteroid in August 2018.
Learn more about the OSIRIS-REx asteroid-sample return mission: http://asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/osiris-rex. (Credit: Canadian Space Agency)
Useful Links
The OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample-return mission: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/osiris-rex/
Find out more about this video: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/search/video/watch.asp?v=1_eoxgd0cn

Why Spacecraft Orbits look wave-like on maps || Short Animation

A short animation showcasing how a circular orbit is projected as a wave on a flat map. I used a less polished version of this video in my recent kNews Space episode (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0yC1TtNXdo) and I also posted it on Reddit, where many came up with some really constructive feedback to make it better.

Crazy Engineering: Astrodynamics

NASA's Cassini spacecraft, in orbit around Saturn for nearly 13 years, is beginning its Grand Finale — and it's thanks to some Crazy Engineering! A team of engineers called astrodynamicists used math and physics to plot a course for the hardy spacecraft that would send it on a series of dives through the gap between Saturn and its famous rings. And as always, the efforts of these engineers are helping to enable some truly thrilling exploration and scientific discovery. More information about Cassini's Grand Finale is available at https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/grandfinale

Juice’s journey to Jupiter

This animation shows the proposed trajectory of ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explore (Juice) mission to Jupiter.
Based on a launch in June 2022, the spacecraft will make a series of gravity-assist flybys at Earth (May 2023, September 2024 and November 2026), Venus (October 2023) and Mars (February 2025) before arriving in the Jupiter system in October 2029.
The animation ends at the Jupiter orbit insertion point, but the planned 3.5 year mission will see Juice not only orbit Jupiter, but also make dedicated flybys of the moons Europa, Callisto and Ganymede, before orbiting the largest moon, Ganymede.
More about Juice:
http://sci.esa.int/juice/

The space station masses over 400 tons, so can an astronaut orbit this? And what does this question have to do with supernova?
We can use Universe Sandbox 2 to simulate how the forces of gravity work down to small scales, but also how they interact in more complcated ways than most people imagine.
http://universesandbox.com/

Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HellstormDe
There hasn't been an update for a long time - but now there is it.
This time I'm using the Bullet Plugin for dynamics simulation. Because neither Maya's nParticles nor the Bullet Plugin itself support real gravity I had to write my own per-frame-script to simulate gravity.
The script calculates the gravitational force between each rigid body and then adds this force to the acceleration vector of the rigid body.
The initial asteroid belt is also created by a self-written script. It creates instances from a set of predefined shapes and gives them a random initial speed, rotation, mass and size.
This time I've did the simulation with 4000 rigid body. The simulation ran at a speed of ~ 0.2 frames per second on an Intel Xeon E3-1231.
The length of the simulation was 400 frames and afterwards I stretched it to 1200 frames.
For the final test I want to do a simulation with 10.000 rigid bodies.
The background is a 32000x16000 texture showing the calculated sky/milky way from the Tycho 2 star catalogue. I've created it also using a self-written program which parses the catalog data and adds the real color temperature to each star.

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***There's more on this story over on my blog, Vintage Space, at Popular Science! http://www.popsci.com/why-does-rocket-need-to-roll-going-into-orbit
***There's loads of other olde timey space to dig into on Vintage Space, too! http://www.popsci.com/blog-network/vi...
Breaking the Chains of Gravity, is available now in the UK, US, Canada, Australia, and India! You can order your copy on Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/Breaking-Chains...
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Rocket Landing Animation Troubleshooting

I would like to have the image of the rocket refresh about the data point's position and orientation for every frame.

Bill describes the Alignment Optical Telescope used in the Lunar Module on the Apollo missions to the moon. This telescope took star sightings which were used to align the Module's guidance system. Bill shows how the telescope used an Archimedes spiral inscribed on its eyepiece to replace the heavy motors, worm gears, and rigid tracks used in a traditional sextant -- this shaved weight from the Lunar Module and allowed it to carry more fuel.
You can bundle watch Bill's videos using this playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0INsTTU1k2UO-2-AwomFmAs4nuZU9ht3
If you are interested in mechanical computers you'll likely enjoy his series on Albert Michelson's Harmonic Analyzer -- a 19th century machine that calculates Fourier transforms:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0INsTTU1k2UYO9Mck-i5HNqGNW5AeEwq

Of all the possible shapes, why do all planets orbit stars in ellipses? This is known as Kepler's 1st Law of Planetary Motion, but why is it true?
Using Newton's laws of gravity and motion, Ryan MacDonald - a Theoretical Astrophysicist based at Cambridge University - proves from first principles Kepler's laws of planetary motion (Part 1 of 2)

Astrodynamics UF lecture1

Space Debris: 1957 - 2015

Almost 20,000 pieces of space debris are currently orbiting the Earth. This visualisation, created by Dr Stuart Grey, lecturer at University College London and part of the Space Geodesy and Navigation Laboratory, shows how the amount of space debris increased from 1957 to 2015, using data on the precise location of each piece of junk ( from https://www.space-track.org ).
To see the full story, visit the Royal Institution advent calendar at: http://rigb.org/christmas-lectures/how-to-survive-in-space/a-place-called-space/7-space-debris-visualisation
Find out more at http://www.stugrey.com or http://www.twitter.com/stugrey

Interplanetary Climate Change (NASA's Hottest Secret)

http://www.enterprisemission.com/_articles/05-14-2004/Interplanetary_1.htm - The entire solar system - not just our one small planet -- is currently undergoing profound, never-before-seen physical changes. This paper will address and scientifically document a wide variety of significant examples, drawing from a host of published mainstream sources.
We will also outline a new scientific model that, for the first time, coherently explains these simultaneous interplanetary changes via a fundamental "new Physics" - a Physics that predicts "even greater anomalies to come"...

See more space related talks by Brian Troutwine at #eef17 ow.ly/B9Xw307RzBd
Slides and more info: http://www.codemesh.io/codemesh2015/brian-troutwine
The Apollo Project was the first flight system to deploy with a digital, general-purpose computer at its core; the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC). It was a complete research project: no digital computer had run consecutively for more than a few hours, sophisticated programming techniques were unknown and the human/computer interface had to be constructed to appeal to astronauts constitutionally opposed to machine interference in flight operations.
In this talk I'll give the historical context for the AGC, discuss its initial design and the evolution of this design as the Apollo Project progressed. We'll do a deep-dive on the machine architecture and note how tight integration with a special-purpose vehicle admitted incredibly sophisticated behaviour from a primitive machine. We'll further discuss the human/computer interface for the AGC, how the astronaut's flight roles dictated the computer's role and vice versa. Motivating examples from select Apollo flights will be used.
Throughout, we'll keep an eye on lessons to be gleaned from the experience of engineering the AGC and how we can adapt these lessons to modern computer systems in mission-critical deployments.
Talk objectives:
The intention of this talk is to describe the means and ways of what we now call embedded real-time software engineering in an engaging, historical context. Many of the techniques that are now dryly elaborated in textbooks were invented on the fly by engineers working on the Apollo Guidance Computer in the service of safely landing and retrieving men from the Moon. The audience is intended to learn:
* systematic exploration of critical problem domains
* embedded programming techniques for tiny computers
* historical approaches to computing machines
* the long-tail research that went into successful spaceflight to the moon
Target audience:
- General software engineers, people interested in spaceflight and critical systems engineers ought to enjoy the talk very much if all goes according to plan.
About Brian
Brian L. Troutwine is a software engineer with a focus on fault tolerance and real-time critical systems. He works extensively in Erlang and is a senior engineer with AdRoll on the real-time bidding project. Brian is likes things that go boom on failure.

Gtoc 8 - Winning trajectory visualization

This is a visualization of the trajectory designed by the ACT-ISAS team that won 1st place in the GTOC8.
The theme chosen by NASA / JPL for the 8th edition of the GTOC was “high-resolution mapping of radio sources in the universe using space-based Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)”. Three spacecraft had to depart from the Earth and needed to perform several interferometric measurements of one of 420 radio sources. An interferometric measurement could be made when the three spacecraft lay on a plane whose normal pointed towards the radio source. Moon gravity assists and low-thrust propulsion had to be used to target each interferometric measurement.
The corresponding paper:
Izzo, D., Hennes, D., Märtens, M., Getzner, I., Nowak, K., Heffernan, A., ... & Sugimoto, Y. (2016). GTOC8: Results and Methods of ESA Advanced Concepts Team and JAXA-ISAS. arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.00849.
http://www.esa.int/gsp/ACT/doc/MAD/pub/ACT-RPR-MAD-2016-NAPA-gtoc8_winning_trajectory.pdf

Great Circle ( GC) Track. Calculation of GC dist, initial and final course Part 1

Explains why GC dist is shortest possible distance on the surface of earth. Example to calculate GC dist, initial course and final course.

Learning about the satellites and their orbits - Polar, Geostationary & Sun-Synchronous

Earth's moon is represented by the yellow dot.
Earth is represented by the green dot.

Barycentric Solar System Simulation (Python 2.7)

This simulation was produced using the Forward Euler Method of Numerical Integration and the Barnes-Hut Algorithm in the context of the gravitationally driven N-body problem that is a solar system's motion. Each body's initial position and velocity were obtained through an ephemeris provided by NASA's JPL.
Shown in the simulation are (starting from the system's barycenter): Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars.
In this visualization Earth and its moon are barely distinguishable from each other, their system is identified by the orange dot and line. If zoomed in on the system of Earth and its moon, one would see that Earth's moon is indeed in orbit around Earth all the while both are in a heliocentric orbit.

# Keplerian Elements : Mean Anomaly

This is the fourth video of the series"Keplerian Elements". Mean Anolay has been explained in the previous video.
Link to the previous video : https://youtu.be/3X6d7XkoN90
Link to the "Kapelerian Elements" series' playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgvSYEiNhGwvkLqoot8GYLa1cujCYhy8d

This is the third video of the series "Keplerian Elements". We have featured the Perigee and apogee of an orbit, the Eccentricity vector, and the Argument of Perigee
Link to the next video: https://youtu.be/y0GnQi2So4w
Link to the previous video: https://youtu.be/8dbLs9Gfrts
Link to the "Kapelerian Elements" series' playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgvSYEiNhGwvkLqoot8GYLa1cujCYhy8d

Gimbal Lock and Apollo 13

We've all heard the phrase gimbal lock in the movie Apollo 13, and it was a real problem on the real mission as well. But what exactly did it mean?
Title image via NASA/Bruce Yarboro and Smithsonian Institution. Music "The Coup" by AudioQuattro from Music Loops.
For more in depth Vintage Space, be sure to check out the blog on Popular Science: http://www.popsci.com/blog-network/vintage-space
And for daily Vintage Space tidbits every day of the week, add me on Facebook, Google+, and Twitter as @astVintageSpace.

Viewing Solar System Orbital Architecture through an Extrasolar Lens

Viewing Solar System Orbital Architecture through an Extrasolar Lens - Konstantin Batygin - SETI Talks
The statistics of extrasolar planetary systems indicate that the default mode of planetary formation generates planets with orbital periods shorter than 100 days, and masses substantially exceeding that of the Earth. When viewed in this context, the Solar System, which contains no planets interior to Mercury’s 88-day orbit, is unusual.
Extra-solar planetary detection surveys also suggest that planets with masses and periods broadly similar to Jupiter’s are somewhat uncommon, with occurrence fraction of less than approximately 10%.
In this talk, Dr. Batygin will present calculations which show that a popular formation scenario for Jupiter and Saturn, in which Jupiter migrates inward from a greater than 5AU to approximately 1.5 AU and then reverses direction, can explain the low overall mass of the Solar System’s terrestrial planets, as well as the absence of planets with a less than 0.4 AU. Jupiter’s inward migration entrained s greater than 10 − 100 km planetesimals into low - order mean-motion resonances, shepherding of order 10 Earth masses of this material into the a ∼ 1 AU region while exciting substantial orbital eccentricity (e ∼ 0.2 − 0.4).
He will argue that under these conditions, a collisional cascade will ensue, generating a planetesimal disk that would have flushed any preexisting short-period super-Earth-like planets into the Sun. In this scenario, the Solar System’s terrestrial planets formed from gas-starved mass-depleted debris that remained after the primary period of dynamical evolution.

How to FLY A SPACESHIP to the SPACE STATION - Smarter Every Day 131

Scott reads tweets on the ISS! Tweet him and see if he replies! http://bit.ly/Twt_Scott
Check out his Instagram: http://bit.ly/InstaSPACE
⇊⇊⇊⇊⇊ More info Below ⇊⇊⇊⇊⇊
Please consider following Scott on both Instagram and Twitter. This will probably be NASA's measure of how successful working with Smarter Every Day is.
Follow ISS Research while he's on orbit:
https://twitter.com/iss_research
A special thanks to Scott Kelly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Kelly_%28astronaut%29
and Reid Wiseman (Follow Reid on Twitter)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_R._Wiseman
https://twitter.com/astro_reid
NASA footage courtesy of Devin Boldt, who also gave me a cool piece of Japanese green apple candy once. His co-workers say he's "a pretty cool dude".
Comment thread on Reddit: http://bit.ly/1GCoZ0t
Tweet ideas to me @SmarterEveryDay
Awesome orbital animations by:
http://eisenfeuer.com/
Music is "PoleCat" by A Shell In The Pit. Download it here:
http://ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/album/mammals
Soyuz and ISS Graphic by:
http://www.emilyweddledesign.com
Beautiful Outro Timelapse by Kenneth Brandon - Dark Sky Chaser
https://www.youtube.com/user/KennethBrandon Check his work out!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://www.smartereveryday.com
My Instagram account: http://instagram.com/smartereveryday
Patreon Support Link: http://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday
Twitter: https://twitter.com/smartereveryday
www.facebook.com/SmarterEveryDay
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GET SMARTER SECTION:
Hohmann Transfer:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohmann_transfer_orbit
Bielliptic Transfer:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-elliptic_transfer
Soyuz
http://www.spaceflight101.com/soyuz-spacecraft-information.html
ISS Research is tweeted live daily
http://twitter.com/iss_research
More general ISS info tweeted here:
http://twitter.com/Space_Station
ISS Facebook page here:
http://www.facebook.com/ISS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Instead of saving for my kids' college, I make videos using the money I would have saved.
The thought is it will help educate the world as a whole, and one day generate enough revenue to pay for their education. Until then if you appreciate what you've learned in this video and the effort that went in to it, please SHARE THE VIDEO!
If you REALLY liked it, feel free to pitch a few dollars towards their college fund by clicking here:
http://bit.ly/KidsCollege
Warm Regards,
Destin

How to Make Teaching Come Alive - Walter Lewin - June 24, 1997

Talk given by Prof. Lewin almost every year between 1996 and 2004 during the summer vacation for Science Teachers. This recording is from 1997. He discussed how to uncover the beauty of physics to students. He discusses the perception of seeing color and showed colors by using only black and white slides (the famous Edwin Land demo). He also covered (and demonstrated) Rayleigh Scattering which makes the sky blue and sunsets red. By holding cigaret smoke in his lungs he demonstrated why clouds are white.He uncovers the Physics of Rainbows and creates a rainbow during his lectures and he demonstrates (as he earlier arrived) that the rainbows are nearly 100% linearly polarized.

The Physics of Space Elevators

Have you ever wondered how a space elevator would actually work? In this short talk, Oxford Physics student Ryan MacDonald discusses the physical principles underlying space elevator design and explores their significance in allowing readily available and cheap access to space. Filmed: Oxford University Physics Society - 26th February 2015.

http://audible.com/minutephysics
EDWARD SNOWDEN book on Audible: http://www.audible.com/pd/Nonfiction/No-Place-to-Hide-Audiobook/B00MEL9RTI/ref=a_search_c4_1_1_srTtl/191-2173915-6184263?qid=1421950758&sr=1-1
MinutePhysics is on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6
And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics
And twitter - @minutephysics
Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder Created by Henry Reich

Getting to Mars: The Hohmann Transfer

How long does it take to get to Mars? What Delta-Vs are required? When should you launch and why is a one way trip easier than a return mission? Mars One Astronaut Candidate Ryan MacDonald explains the Hohmann Transfer orbit.
*Part 1 (Orbital Mechanics 101): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGcQhgkXPx0

Orbital Mechanics 101

What is an orbit? How do you reach orbit? How do you change orbits? Mars One Astronaut Candidate Ryan MacDonald explains the basics of orbital mechanics.
- This is what goes on behind the scenes of Kerbal Space Program!
The concepts explored in this video are used in Part 2 - 'Getting to Mars: The Hohmann Transfer': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzsMjEMDpD4 - to plan a mission to Mars.

Rolling Motion, Gyroscopes, Very Non-intuitive.
This lecture is part of 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics, as taught in Fall 1999 by Dr. Walter Lewin at MIT.
This video was formerly hosted on the YouTube channel MIT OpenCourseWare.
This version was downloaded from the Internet Archive, at https://archive.org/details/MIT8.01F99/.
Attribution: MIT OpenCourseWare
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 US
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/.
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/.
This YouTube channel is independently operated. It is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by MIT, MIT OpenCourseWare, the Internet Archive, or Dr. Lewin.

Dr. Walter Lewin's introduction to 8.02 Physics II: Electricity and Magnetism, as taught in Spring 2002 by Dr. Lewin (then Prof.) at MIT.
This video was formerly hosted on the YouTube channel MIT OpenCourseWare.
This version was downloaded from the Internet Archive, at https://archive.org/details/MIT8.02S02/.
Attribution: MIT OpenCourseWare
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 US
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/.
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/.
This YouTube channel is independently operated. It is not affiliated with MIT, MIT OpenCourseWare, the Internet Archive, or Dr. Lewin, nor do they endorse any content on this channel.

Introduction | 8.01 Classical Mechanics, Fall 1999 (Walter Lewin)

Course introduction by Dr. Walter Lewin to 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics, as taught in Fall 1999 by Dr. Lewin, then Prof. Lewin, at MIT.
This video was formerly hosted on the Youtube channel MIT OpenCourseWare.
This version was downloaded from the Internet Archive, at https://archive.org/details/MIT8.01F99/.
Attribution: MIT OpenCourseWare
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 US
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/.
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/.
This YouTube channel is independently operated. It is not affiliated with MIT, MIT OpenCourseWare, the Internet Archive, or Dr. Lewin, nor do they endorse any content on this channel.

Classical Mechanics, Lecture 8: Solution of the Two Body Problem.

Lecture 8 of my Classical Mechanics course at McGill University, Winter 2010. Solution of the Two Body Problem.
The course webpage, including links to other lectures and problem sets, is available at
http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/~maloney/451/
The written notes for this lecture are available at
http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/~maloney/451/451-8.pdf

Elliptical Orbit of Planets - A Physics Explanation

Elliptical Orbit of Planets can be explained using a spherical Pendulum.
In this video Dr. D explains elliptical orbits, precession and the Planet Mercury using a spherical pendulum and some good old fashioned physics.
Let us know what you think and click the subscribe button why you're at at.

Watch the talented Reggie Watts perform at the Exploratorium August 9th, 2012. Reggie was at the Exploratorium for an Osher Fellowship, and he graciously joined us at the end of a live webcast on Mars to share a little of his own feelings about the red planet!

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