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cultivation in fish hatcheries

Carp raising, practiced worldwide, is a good example of advanced techniques. For the whole life cycle at least three different types of ponds are used in Europe. Special shallow and warm ponds with rich vegetation provide a good environment for spawning, a process that today is often aided by hormone injections. After spawning, the parent fish are separated from the eggs and taken to a second...

hearing

One large group of fishes, referred to as the Ostariophysi (e.g., catfishes, minnows, and
carps), has no air sac adjacent to the labyrinth, but a possibly equivalent condition is achieved through a mechanical connection between the swim bladder and fluid chambers adjacent to the labyrinth. A chain of three or four small bones, known as the Weberian ossicles, extends from the anterior wall of a...

integumentary system

Cycloid scales appear to be the inner layer of ganoid or cosmoid scales. Found in
carps and similar fishes, they are thin, large, round or oval, and arranged in an overlapping pattern; growth rings are evident on the free edges. Ctenoid scales are similar to cycloid, except that they have spines or comblike teeth along their free edges; these scales are characteristic of the higher bony...

selective breeding by Japanese

...early as 1000
bce, were probably the first to breed fish with any degree of success. Their selective breeding of ornamental goldfish was later introduced to Japan, where the breeding of ornamental
carp was perfected. The ancient Romans, who kept fish for food and entertainment, were the first known marine aquarists; they constructed ponds that were supplied with fresh seawater from the ocean....