Boulder or Crater?

A roughly circular feature on the lunar surface. LROC NAC M175212953R, image is ~300 m across [NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University].

At first glance, the object in the center of today's Featured Image may look like a crater. The direction of illumination is from the right-to-left. What may look like a crater is actually a boulder about 29 meters across, which is just one meter shy of the length of a blue whale!

The lighting in the image and the circular appearance of the boulder may initially fool the human eye into interpreting this feature as a crater. However, there are several important clues in the image which clearly indicate that we are indeed looking at a boulder. Click on the image for a full resolution version. First, notice the other smaller boulders in the image. These are identified as boulders because they are irregular in shape, and relatively higher reflectance compared to the surrounding impact melt. Next, look at the direction of the shadows of the boulders. The boulders are all positive topographic features and cast shadows in the same direction. In contrast, a crater is a negative topographic feature. Looking at the full resolution version of the Featured Image shows many small craters in the surrounding impact melt. Look at these craters and compare them to the boulders until your eyes interpret the boulders as topographic highs and the craters as lows. If you still have difficulty, pick up your laptop and rotate the image 180 degrees (rotating your head might be more convenient).

WAC context image showing Abulfeda E and its larger neighbor Abulfeda A. The red asterisk marks the location of the Featured Image [NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University].

This field of boulders is located on the eastern side of the crater Abulfeda E, a Copernican-aged crater in the highlands, located at 16.769°S, 10.141°E and is 5.6 km in diameter. Many other large boulders are scattered around in the impact melt deposits surrounding the crater. Some of the boulders are partially buried by impact melt and debris.