An operational or mission-related vulnerability exists when the adversary has the capability to collect indicators, correctly analyze them, and take timely action

Risk assessment

estimate an adversary’s capability to exploit a vulnerability, the potential effects such exploitation will have on operations, and provide a cost-benefit analysis of possible methods to control the availability of CI to the adversary

OPSEC is a command responsibility that is trained for, planned, and executed by the entire command

OPSEC considerations regarding public affairs

The PAO and OPSEC officer should coordinate the release of data relative to the mission or to potentially sensitive activity

Web Risk Assessments

Operations Security officers should review their command’s Web site through the eyes of the adversary, looking for critical information that could reveal sensitive operations, movement of certain assets, personal information about U.S. citizens and employees, and technological data.

EEFI

Key information adversaries likely will inquire about regarding our intentions, capabilities, and activities, in
order to obtain answers critical to their own operational effectiveness

Critical Information

The answers to EEFI can potentially lead to CI

Purpose of Naval Intelligence

The ultimate goal is to provide the commander and his forces the intelligence support needed to prevail in combat

Planning and Direction

Intelligence planning for rapid response to possible crises occurs well ahead of time as part of a command’s overall joint operation planning process

Collection

Collection includes those activities related to the acquisition of data required to satisfy the requirements specified in the collection plan

Processing and Exploitation

During processing and exploitation, raw collected data is converted into forms that can be readily used by commanders, decision makers at all levels, intelligence analysts and other consumers

Analysis and Production

During analysis and production, intelligence is produced from the information gathered by the collection capabilities assigned or attached to the joint force and from the refinement and compilation of intelligence received from subordinate units and external organizations

Dissemination and Integration

During dissemination and integration, intelligence is delivered to and used by the consumer

Evaluation and Feedback

During evaluation and feedback, intelligence personnel at all levels assess how well each of the various types of intelligence operations are being performed

Strategic Intelligence

Required for the formation of policy and military plans at national and international levels

Operational Intelligence

Required for planning operations within regional theaters or areas of operations

Tactical Intelligence

Required for planning and conducting tactical operations at the component or unit level

Defense Joint Intelligence Operations Center

The DJIOC is the lead DOD intelligence organization responsible for integrating and synchronizing military intelligence and national intelligence capabilities

Combatant Command Joint Intelligence Operations Centers

The combatant command JIOCs are the primary intelligence organizations providing support to joint forces at the operational and tactical levels

Joint Task Force Joint Intelligence Support Elements

At the discretion of a subordinate JFC, a JTF JISE may be established during the initial phases of an operations to augment the subordinate joint force J-2 element

PIR – Priority Intelligence Requirement

An intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for intelligence support, that the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or the operational environment

CCIR – Commander Critical Information Requirement

Designed to feed important, time-sensitive information to the commander so he can make a decision that should dramatically affect the fight

Difference between a US citizen and a US person with regards to US Intelligence Oversight.

A citizen of the United States
– An alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence
– An unincorporated association with a substantial number of members who are citizens of the U.S. or are aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence
– A corporation that is incorporated in the U.S.

Intelligence preparation of the battlespace environment

The analytical process used by joint intelligence organizations to produce intelligence assessments, estimates and other intelligence products in support of the joint force commander’s decision making process

To facilitate the optimum utilization of all available ISR assets, an ISR CONOPS should be developed in conjunction with operational planning

Intelligence Fusion Cell

Fusion is the process of collecting and examining information from all available sources and intelligence disciplines to derive as complete an assessment as possible of detected activity

OSINT

Open Source Intelligence

ACINT

Acoustic Intelligence

3 examples of Intelligence briefs

Situation briefings
Mission (pre-mission) briefings
Country Brief

Define the role of an Intelligence watch floor

The organizational structure of a subordinate joint force’s intelligence element is determined by the JFC based on the situation and mission

ELF

3 - 30 Hz

SLF

30 - 300Hz

ULF

300 - 3000Hz

VLF

3 - 30kHz

LF

30 - 300kHz

MF

300kHz - 3MHz

HF

3 - 30MHz

VHF

30 - 300MHz

UHF

300 - 3GHz

SHF

3 - 30GHz

EHF

30 - 300GHz

Frequency

The number of cycles that occur in one second. Usually expressed in hertz

Wavelength

(one 360 degree cycle) is the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next, or between any two similar points on adjacent waves

Ducting

The propagation of radio waves within an atmospheric duct

Refraction

Wave that changes direction when passing from one medium into another medium

Multiplexing

A method for simultaneous transmission of two or more signals over a common carrier
wave. i.e. FDM, TDM

Modulation

Ability to impress intelligence upon a transmission medium, such as radio waves

Demodulation

The removal of intelligence from a transmission medium

Bandwidth

The difference between the highest usable frequency and the lowest usable frequency

Keying

The generating of signals by the interruption or modulation of a steady signal or carrier

Layers

Levels of the atmosphere. IE. Ionosphere, Stratosphere, and Troposphere.

Frequency

The number of cycles over a given period of time

Radio Waves

A form of radiant energy that can neither be seen nor felt that is generated by a transmitter

Propagation

Movement through a medium

Azimuth Angle

Angular measurement in the horizontal plane in a clockwise direction

Elevation Angle

The angle between the horizontal plane and the line of sight

USB – Upper Side Band

The signal components above the carrier frequency

LSB – Lower Side Band

The signal components below the carrier frequency

CW – Continuous Wave

An electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency; and in mathematical analysis of
infinite duration

AM – Amplitude Modulation

A technique used in electronic communication where the amplitude of the carrier is varied while its frequency remains constant

FM – Frequency Modulation

A technique used in electronic communication where the frequency of the carrier is varied while its amplitude remains constant

Pulse Repetition Interval PRI

Duration of time between a point on pulse and the identical point on the next pulse

Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

– The rate at which pulses are transmitted, given in hertz or pulses per second;
reciprocal of pulse-repetition time

Radio Frequency (RF)

Energy is transmitted to and reflects from the reflecting object

BW – Beam Width

The diameter along any specified line that is perpendicular to the beam axis and intersects it

CW – Continuous Wave

An electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency; and in mathematical analysis
of infinite duration

Pulse Width (PW)

Duration of time between the leading and trailing edges of a pulse

SCAN

Systematic movement of a radar beam to cover a definite pattern or area in space

Bearing

Angle measured clockwise from true north in the horizontal Plane

Azimuth

Angular measurement in the horizontal plane in a clockwise direction

Elevation

The angle between the horizontal plane and the line of sight

Air Search

Detect and determine the position, course, and speed of air targets in a relatively large area. Maximum range of air-search radar can exceed 300 miles, and the bearing coverage is a complete 360-degree circle

Surface Search

Used to detect the presence of surface craft and low flying aircraft and to determine their presence

Fire Control

Usually produce a very narrow, circular beam and is used with fire control systems

OPELINT

Operationally relevant information such as the location, movement, employment, tactics, and activity of foreign noncommunications emitters and their associated weapon systems

Supporting software for searching through Earth orientation results and for calculating the rotation matrices between terrestrial and celestial reference frames

Data Services

Sun and Moon rise and set times, Moon phases, eclipses, seasons, positions of solar system objects, and other data

Astronomical Information Center

Background information on common astronomical phenomena, calendars and time, and related topics

Almanacs and Other Publications

Astronomical and navigational almanacs, special publications, research reports

Software Products

Computer almanac for PCs and Macs, and more

Optical/IR Products

Optical/infrared image and catalog products provided by the USNO

VLBI – Based Products

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is a technique used by radio astronomers and geodesists to determine the celestial and terrestrial reference frames and to predict the variable orientation of the Earth in three-dimensional space.

Astronomy Information Center

Your one-stop-source for astrometry related information

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)

Operated by the United States National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), supports weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorology research.

Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES)

Operates a constellation of weather satellites in polar orbits around the Earth.

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)

Monitors meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics for the United States Department of Defense.

The National Polar – Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)

Was to be the United States' next-generation satellite system that would monitor the Earth's weather, atmosphere, oceans, land and near-space environment

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)

Is a joint space mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) designed to monitor and study tropical rainfall

Relative Humidity

A type of humidity that considers the ratio of the actual vapor pressure of the air to the saturation vapor pressure. It is usually expressed in percentage

Occluded Front

Also known as an occlusion, it is a complex front formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front

Tropical Storm

Max sustained winds between 35-64 knots (39-73 mph)

Bathythermograph

Is a small torpedo-shaped device that holds a temperature sensor and a transducer to detect changes in water temperature versus depth

The space support mission area includes space lift operations, satellite operations and reconstitution of space forces.

Space Control

Space control provides freedom of action in space for friendly forces, and when directed, denies it to an adversary

Space Force Application

DOD policy defines space force application as combat operations in, through, and from space to influence the course and outcome of conflict by holding terrestrial targets at risk

The Sun

The sun has the biggest effect on the space environment. Fueled by nuclear fusion, the sun combines or “fuses” 600 million tons of hydrogen each second

Solar Wind

Electrically charged particles (electrons and protons) that stream continuously from the sun form Solar Wind

Solar Cycle

Solar activity is cyclic in nature, following a 11-year cycle which is called the Solar Cycle. Generally there is a
4-year rise to a solar maximum, followed by a gradual 7-year decline to solar minimum

Van Allen Radiation Belts

The Outer and Inner Van Allen Radiation Belts are two concentric, donut-shaped regions of stable, trapped charged particles that exist because the geomagnetic field near the Earth is strong and field lines are closed

Atmospheric Drag

Energy deposited in the Earth’s upper atmosphere by charged particle bombardment heats the atmosphere, causing it to expand outward over a period of time

Low Earth Orbit

A satellite is considered to be in a low earth orbit (LEO) at altitudes between approximately 150 and 800 miles above the Earth's surface

Medium Earth Orbit – Semi-Synchronous Orbit:

An average orbit with an altitude of approximately 10,800 nm results in a period of about 12 hours and is referred to as a semi-synchronous orbit

Polar Orbit

a polar orbit passes over the entire surface of the Earth

Apogee

Point on the orbit farthest
from the center of the Earth

Perigee

Point on the orbit closest
to the center of the Earth

Kennedy Space Center location

Located on Merritt Island, FL

Vandenberg Air Force Base location

Santa Barbara Co, CA

Navy UHF Follow-on

Replaces the aging FLTSATs, Features higher power transmitters, Designed to improve service, reliability, and dependability.

Defense Satellite Communications System

– Provides worldwide, jam-resistant, secure voice and high data rate communications for command and control, crises management, and intelligence data transfer service between the National Command Authority, Joint Chiefs of Staff (NCA/JCS) and the Unified Commanders-in-Chief (CINC

Global Broadcast Service

Derived from commercial direct broadcast technology.

WGS (Wideband Global Satellite)

Key elements of a system that increases the communications capabilities of the U.S. and Australia

Astrometry

Is the branch of astronomy that relates to precise measurements and explanations of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies

The Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP)

Is fitted to describe such irregularities as astronomical errors due to tides, currents, or anything that may impact Earth’s rotation