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When a country considers changing its vaccine vial size, they may want to evaluate the impact on their vaccine supply chain. Such was the case with Niger. In collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Niger Ministry of Health, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh developed a simulation model of the Niger vaccine supply chain. Experiments involved simulating the impact of replacing the 10-dose measles vial size with 5-dose, 2-dose and 1-dose vials.