The stretch of mainland territory running from the Ionian
Gulf to the Aegean, on the north side of the Gulf of Corinth. It includes
the Ionian Islands on the west and Euboea to the east. Herein are some
of the best-known sites in Hellas: Athens and Attica, Boeotia, Delphi,
and Thebes among them.

AGRINIO The
capital city of the Ætoloakarnania Nomos, north of the entrance
to the Gulf of Corinth by 18 miles (30 km.). During the Middle Ages, it
was called Vrakhori, a dialect version of Evrekori (Town of the Jews).
Agrinio was a center of resistence against the Ottomans during the War
of Independence, and site of the Senate of Western Greece.

ANTHEDON A
town in Boeotia, first settled in about the 12th century BCE.

Anthas

??

Under the control of Thebes........................6th-5th
cent.

Autonomous within the Boeotian League..............387

Destroyed by the Romans 86 BCE

ANTIKERA (or Kyparissos)A
town in Phocis.

Antikyreas

Depopulated by the Macedonians 346

Depopulated by the Romans 211

To the Aetolian League..............................211-198

To Rome 198

ASTAKOS A
town in Acarnania.

Colonization by the island of Cephallonia

Tyranny

Evarchos............................................. -430

Alliance with Athens....................................430

Evarchos (restored).................................430- ?

To the Acarnanian League

ATHENS A focus of Hellenic civilization
from a very early date, the city became a crusader state from 1205, and
was created a Duchy in 1260.

Neolithic settlement................................. < 3000

Bronze Age settlement..............................3000-1500

Iron Age settlement................................1500 >

CECROPIDES

Cecropas I

Kranaos

Amphictyon

Erihthonios

Pandion I

EREHTHEIDES

Erehtheas

Cecropas II

Pandion II

MITIONIDES

Daedalos.................................................... with...

Mousaeos

AEGEIDES

Aegeus

Theseus..........................................fl. c. 1400 ?

Menestheus

Acamus...................................................... with...

Dymophon

Oxyntos

Apheidas

Thymoitis

Melanthos

Kodros................................................ -1068

MEDONDIDES

Elected kings for life terms.

Medondas...........................................1068-1048

Akastos............................................1048-1012

Archippos..........................................1012-993

Thersippos..........................................993-952

Phorvas.............................................952-921

Megakles............................................921-891

Diognitos...........................................891-863

Pherekles...........................................863-844

Ariphron............................................844-824

Thespieas...........................................824-797

Agamistor...........................................797-777

Aeschylos...........................................777-754

Alcmeon.............................................754-753

Elected kings with ten-year terms.

Haropas.............................................753-743

Aesimides...........................................743-733

Klidikos............................................733-723

Ippomenes...........................................723-713

Leokrates...........................................713-703

Apsandros...........................................703-693

Eryxias.............................................693-683

REPUBLIC Listed
here are some of the better known leaders of Athens in this era... For
a review of the office of Archon Eponymous, click HERE.
After about 190 BCE, there is a regular annual procession of magistrates
leading down to early Roman times.

CHAERONEA
A town in Boeotia, birthplace of Plutarch. It’s older name was Arni. It
is noted as the site of two important battles - Philip of Macedon defeated
the Athenians and Thebans in 338 BCE; and Sulla defeated the Pontine Army
in 86 BCE, establishing Roman hegemony over Hellas once and for all.

Chaeron

To Orchomenos.......................................
-5th cent.

Democracy...........................................
-470

Oligarchy..........................................470-447

To Athens..........................................447-424

Autonomous.........................................424-351

To Phocis..........................................351-172

To Roman Republic..................................172-27

To Roman Empire.................................27
BCE-395 CE

To Byzantine Empire................................395-1204

During the period of Catalan mercenaries (14th cent.
CE), Chaeronea was renamed Cabrena.

BALLESTER

Peter..............................................fl. c. 1349

CHALKIDA The
chief city of the island of Euboea, located on the narrow strait separating
the island from the mainland. See also Euboea.

To the tribe of Avandes

Elephinor

Colony of Athens

Kothos

Oligarchy...............................................8th
cent.

Tynnondas...........................................mid 7th cent.

Phoxos..............................................fl. c. 510

Amphidamas

Pannides

Mnisarchos

Kallias.................................................342

Tabrosthenes............................................342

To the Delian League.............................c.
342-338

To Macedonia........................................338-200

To Rome.............................................200-192

Mikythion...............................................192

To the Seleucid Empire..............................192-191

To Rome, 191. General Euboean sequence thereafter.

Xenokrates

Menedi---

Sosipa(ter)........................all between
197-146

CORFU An island
off the northwest tip of Greece, at the mouth of the Adriatic.

PHAEACES

Nausithous

Alkinous.........................................fl. c. 1200 ?

Alkinous was allegedly king of the Phaeaces during
the Trojan War; his daughter Nausicaa is the Princess recorded in the Odyssey
as finding a shipwrecked Odysseus cast up on the shore of her father's
Kingdom during his homeward trek. Though it is essentially off-topic, I
should mention that some scholars, among them Robert Graves, have identified
Nausicaa as the actual author of the Odyssey through textual analysis,
and placed her in western Sicily in the eighth or seventh century BCE.
For my own part, I must say that I find Graves much more convincing as
a poet than as an historian.

DELPHIAt the
foot of Mt. Carnassus, Delphi is located in Phokis, inland from the north
shore of the Bay of Corinth. A bucolic little corner of Greece, it is the
site of a cavern system and some unusual rock formations, and was from
a very early date regarded as an Oracular bridge between the Divine and
the Human worlds; a centrepiece of pre-Christian religion for more than
4300 years. Originally sacred to Gaea, it later became associated with
Apollo.

In 392 the Emperor Theodosius I closed the oracle
of Delphi. With no reason to continue, the community faded away until nothing
was left of the site but some ruins. With the fragmentation of Greece at
the hands of Frankish crusaders, the site fell under the authority of the
Principality of Achaea, in the Barony of Salona. Here is its subsequent
chronology...

ELEUSINAOne
of the 10 or 12 ancient kingdoms of Attica that were united by Theseus
to create the Athenian state. Eleusina is nowadays an industrial area called
Lepsina in modern Greek, and is located between Piraeus and Megara, about
14 miles (22.5 km.) west of Athens. The site is immortal as the location
of the Temple of Demeter wherein the primary Eleusinian Mysteries were
celebrated every 5 years, the best known of the classical Mystery Cults.

Raros

Eleusinus

Celeus (The Goddess Demeter is said to have
lived in his household, disguised as a nurse, while She searched for Persephone;
thus the connection between this town and the Mysteries)

Triptolemos

Cronon

Eumolpus

Himmarados

Diocles............................................. ? =c. 1400

To Athens.......................................c.
1400-c. 632

Independence.....................................c.
632-570

To Athens...........................................570-403

Occupied by the Thirty Tyrants......................403-401

To Athens thereafter...

The town was sacked by Goths in 395 CE, and abandoned.
The modern city dates from the 18th century.

ERETRIA A
small town on the island of Euboea, located on the
south coast, about 10.5 miles (17.5 km.) east-southeast of Chalkida.

Diagoras..........................................after 545

Ebalkides...............................................499

??

Themison.............................................c. 375

Menestratos.............................................352

Kleitarchos..........................................c. 350

Plutarchos..........................................350-348

Pleistarchos........................................348-343

Philistides.........................................343

To Macedonia 338, general Euboean sequence thereafter...
But note the following local governors:

Damasias

Charidamos...............................betw.
197-146

Mantidoros

Epiteles........................................c.
180

Charidamos......................................c.
180

Fanias..........................................c.
180

Damas---........................................c.
180

Philippos

Aristonikos

Lysandros

Biotas

Zwi---los

Timokritos

EUBOEA The second
largest island of Greece. Many Protohellenic tribes were the first residents
of the island: Iones, Dryopes, Avandes, Kourites, and Ellopieis. See also,
Chalkida,
Eretria,
and
Karystos.

With the reduction of Greece following the Fourth
Crusade, the island was partitioned into a tripartite Barony, nominally
under Athens, and shortly afterward (1216) reorganized as a Triarchy of
three distinct but connected lordships.

KORONEIA A
town in Boeotia. It is here that a battle took place in 447 between the
Athenians supporting democratic regimes in Boeotia and Boeotian oligarchs
led by Thebes. Athens was defeated and Thebes was thus able to reconstruct
the Boeotian Confederacy under its leadership. It is in that battle that
Clinias, Alcibiades' father, was killed.

Koronus

To the Boeotaean Alliance

To Athens..........................................456-446

Autonomous within the Boeotaean Alliance...........446-352

To the Phocaeans...................................352-346

To Thebes..........................................346-

To the League of Boeotia

Brachylles

Zeuxippos

Peisistratos

Allied Macedonia...................................172-171

To Rome 171

LEUCAS One
of the Ionian Islands in western Greece, lying just to the north of Cephalonia.

LOCRIAThe
Locrians were an early tribe located in central Greece, north of the Bay
of Corinth. They were subdivided into four local associations; the Opondioi
(East Locrians), the Ozoles (West Locrians), The Epicnimedioi, and the
Hypocnimedioi. This list focuses on Naupaktos, chief city of the East Locrians
(located directly opposite Patras), while also providing an overview of
all the Locrians.

West-Lokroi (Ozolian Lokria)

Thoas...............................................c. 1250

East-Lokroi

Amphiktyon

Physkos

Lokros

Opous

?

Odedokos

Oileas

Aeas (Another Trojan War hero called, like the
king of Salamis, Ajax)

?

All 4 Lokroi tribes create independent Leagues.....
to 386

To Sparta..........................................386-371

To Thebes..........................................371-346

Independent Leagues once more......................346-end
of the 4th c.

MEGARA A city
in Attica, about 25 miles (45 km.) west from Athens, once of great importance,
but increasingly overshadowed by irs neighbour, Athens. Megara is perhaps
best remembered as the source and founder (658 BCE) of the colony of Byzantium,
later Constantinople and Istanbul.

ORCHOMENOSA
town in Boeotia, near Thebes. Famed in classical times for its wealth (it
was one of the first Hellenic communities to coin money (c. 550 BCE)),
repeated political reversals gradually dispersed the place.

Partitioned between several Frankish states; probably
the most significant on a local level being the Barony of Salona (modern
Amphissa), for which see Delphi. By the
end of the 14th century, most of the region was in the hands of the Ottoman
Turks.

THESPIES Ancient
city of Greece, in S Boeotia, near Mt. Helicon and SW of Thebes. The Thespians
fought (479 BCE) against the Persians at Thermopylae and Plataea. They
joined (after 382 b.c.) the Spartans against their rivals, the Thebans.
The famous statue of Eros by Praxiteles was a showpiece of Thespiae. It
is at the court of Thespius that Heracles undertook the first of his wondrous
deeds (though not one of the 12 labors), the killing of the lion of Cithæron.