Today on the program, we report on efforts by doctors in Kenya to end trachoma, an infectious eye disease that causes blindness.(3)

今天上节目，我们报告由肯尼亚的医生到结束沙眼，导致失明的传染性眼病所作的努力。

“When I decided to go for the eye surgery, I was worried and uncomfortable. I thought after the surgery I would not see again.(4)

"当我决定去做眼睛手术时，我是担心和不舒服。我以为以后不再见的手术。

But now it’s the opposite -- I am confident, happy and I can do my work well.”(5)

但现在正好相反 — — 我很自信、 快乐，能做好我的工作"。

But first, we report on a warning from the United Nations that more diseases are now spreading from animals to humans.(6)

但首先，我们报告更多的疾病，现在从动物传播给人类的联合国发出的警告。

“I think that if we continue the state of play, we’ll only see more diseases emerge, more natural resources disappear, and more threats to the human health into the food chain.”(7)

"我认为是否我们继续播放的状态，我们只会看到更多的疾病出现，更多的自然资源消失，和更多进入食物链的人类健康的威胁."

Fighting the spread of diseases in Kenya and throughout the world -- that is today’s subject on As It Is.(8)

战斗在肯尼亚和整个世界 — — 这就是今天的主题上它是疾病的传播。

FAO: Spread of Diseases from Animals to Humans Increasing(9)

FAO:从动物到人类增加疾病的传播

About 70 percent of the new diseases that have infected humans in recent years have come from animals.(10)

大约有近年来感染人类的新疾病的 70%来自动物。

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization -- or FAO -- says more diseases are moving from animals to humans as the Earth’s population grows and the time and distance from when the food is harvested to when it is eaten increases.(11)

联合国粮食及农业组织 — — 或粮农组织 — — 说更多的疾病从动物到人类随着地球人口的增长时它是吃的增加到当收获粮食的距离和时间。

Caty Weaver reports.(12)

维可报告。

The FAO recently released a report called “World Livestock 2013: Changing Disease Landscapes.”(13)

粮农组织最近发表一份报告，称为"世界牲畜 2013年： 改变疾病风景."

Juan Lubroth is the chief officer of animal medicine at the agency.(14)

Juan Lubroth 是动物医学在原子能机构的首长。

“I think that if we continue the state of play, we’ll only see more diseases emerge, more natural resources disappear, and more threats to the human health into the food chain.”(15)

"我认为是否我们继续播放的状态，我们只会看到更多的疾病出现，更多的自然资源消失，和更多进入食物链的人类健康的威胁."

Dr. Lubroth says humans are coming in contact with new diseases as they explore more parts of the world.(16)

博士 Lubroth 说人类接触新的疾病作为他们探索世界的更多的部件。

“We are encroaching into habitats that previously we as humans did not really know -- those ecological niches were occupied by other species, but we are invading them.”(17)

"我们霸占到以前作为人类，我们并不真正知道 — — 那些生态龛位被占领，其它物种，但我们正在入侵它们的栖息地"

Dr. Lubroth says poor healthcare and human waste systems increase the risk of disease -- especially in areas where people do not have much money.(18)

博士 Lubroth 说可怜的医疗保健和人类废物系统增加疾病 — — 特别是在地区人民没有很多钱的风险。

And he says as the number of people on the planet increases, so does the number of livestock -- which causes problems.(19)

他说作为人的数目上的星球的增加，所以不会家畜 — — 会导致问题的数量。

“As we intensify livestock production, we have created, let’s say, a monoculture.(20)

"随着我们加强畜牧业生产，我们已经创建了，比方说，单养。

By using antibiotics, for example, as growth promoters or antibiotics without the supervision of qualified personnel, we do allow for disease-resistant organisms to go throughout the herd or throughout the community.(21)

通过使用抗生素，例如，作为生长促进剂或抗生素不合格人员，监督的情况下我们允许为耐病的有机体，去整个牛群或整个社会。

And this can, at the end, affect human health.”(22)

这可以，结束时，已影响人类健康。

Dr. Lubroth says some diseases that have moved from animals to humans have caused the deaths of millions of people.(23)

博士 Lubroth 说已经从动物到人类某些疾病造成数百万人死亡。

“The origin of the human immunodeficiency virus -- HIV, which causes AIDS -- probably had its precursor in something that we know today to be simian -- or monkey -- immunodeficiency virus.(24)

And then even more recently, we have the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, which is caused by a corona virus -- which likely has an animal origin.(25)

然后甚至最近，我们中东呼吸道综合征，由冠状病毒 — — 可能有动物的起源引起的。

We are at the point in research which we still are trying to find out what origin that is.”(26)

我们有在我们仍在试图找出是什么起源的研究中的点。

He says other diseases that have moved from animals to humans in the past five to ten years include the Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are usually found in bats. And, of course, there is bird flu.(27)

他说，有移动从动物到人类在过去的五到十年其他疾病包括的尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒，通常在蝙蝠中找到。而且，当然，有禽流感病毒。

“Probably more familiar to your readers or listeners will be the H5N1 Avian influenza, which in 2003 spread in Southeast Asia and by 2006 was present in over 60 countries and territories.”(28)

"可能更熟悉的你的读者或听众将是 h5n1 型禽流感，散布在东南亚和 2006 年的 2003 年是目前在 60 多个国家和领土"。

The FAO is calling for groups of experts to work together to fight the growing disease threat.(29)

粮农组织呼吁团体的专家共同努力，打击日益严重的疾病威胁。

Scientists, researchers, doctors and other experts from many different areas of science and medicine would work with one another and share any discoveries.(30)

科学家、 研究人员、 医生和其他来自许多不同的科学和医学领域的专家将与另一个工作和分享任何发现。

The FAO report says this approach could help reduce poverty and reduce biological threats caused by globalization and climate change.(31)

粮农组织报告说，这种方法可以帮助减少贫困和减少生物威胁全球化和气候变化造成的。

It could also lead to better safety and health measures in livestock production.(32)

它还可能导致更高的安全和健康措施在畜牧生产中。

I’m Caty Weaver.(33)

我维可。

You are listening to As It Is, a program designed to help you learn to speak, read and write American English.(34)

你在听它，旨在帮助您学习如何说话、 阅读和写美国英语的程序。

Now once again here is Christopher Cruise, with a report on medical workers in Kenya who are trying to stop the spread of a disease that causes blindness…(35)

现在再一次在这里是克里斯托弗 · 克鲁斯，一份关于肯尼亚的医护人员试图阻止传播疾病的成因，失明的报告......

Thanks Caty.(36)

谢谢物语。

Kenyan Doctors Work to End Trachoma by 2020(37)

肯尼亚医生工作，到 2020 年结束沙眼

Health care workers in Kenya say more than 60,000 people in the east African nation are living with trachoma.(38)

在肯尼亚的医护人员说在这个东非国家中的 6 万多人患有沙眼。

The infectious eye disease causes blindness if it is not treated early. VOA visited a Kenyan village where medical workers are trying to stop a spread of the disease.(39)

如果不及早治疗传染性眼疾导致失明。美国之音访问了肯尼亚村医务人员试图阻止疾病的蔓延。

Kajiado is a village in a rural area of southern Kenya. A local anti-trachoma worker teaches a group of women how to stop the disease and how to treat it.(40)

Kajiado 是在肯尼亚南部农村地区的一个村庄。一位当地反沙眼工人教一群妇女如何阻止这种疾病和如何对待它。

Lester Mortai is well-known in this area for his work fighting trachoma. He often travels through villages, teaching people the best ways to avoid getting the painful disease.(41)

莱斯特 Mortai 是知名的在这一领域为他战斗沙眼的工作。他经常穿越村庄，教人避免痛苦疾病的最佳方法。

“Visit those homesteads and tell people to go to, to prevent diseases by having their own initiative, to have that facial cleanliness -- those without trachoma and even those with trachoma.”(42)

「 参观那些宅基，告诉人们要去，要通过自己的主动，要有那面部清洁 — — 那些无沙眼，即便是那些沙眼预防的疾病。

Trachoma is caused by bacteria, and is spread by touching the infected eye or nose of a person who already has it. In developing countries, flies often spread the disease.(43)

沙眼由细菌引起的通过接触受感染的眼睛或鼻子的人已经有它的传播。在发展中国家，苍蝇往往传播这种疾病。

The African Medical and Research Foundation -- or AMREF -- says more than 7,000 people in Kajiado suffer from trachoma.(44)

非洲医学和研究基金会 — — 或 AMREF — — 说在 Kajiado 中的 7 000 多人患有沙眼。

People who have the disease suffer from painful swelling of the eyelid and scarring of the outer area of the eye -- called the cornea.(45)

有这种疾病的人遭受痛苦的眼睑肿胀和的眼睛 — — 称为角膜的外部区域上的疤痕。

Ngeyan Nge has a bad case of trachoma. She will have surgery to keep her from going blind.(46)

Ngeyan Nge 有沙眼的坏情况。她会让她从失明的手术。

“I am hopeful about the future, even though in the beginning I was opposed to the surgery. I’ve changed my mind after continuous advice from people.”(47)

"我希望关于将来的即使在开始我是反对手术。我已经改变主意后连续咨询意见的人"。

John Soine works for AMREF. He travels to rural areas of Kenya to do surgery on people with severe cases of trachoma.(48)

约翰 Soine AMREF 为工作。他出差去肯尼亚做手术对重症病例出现沙眼的人民的农村地区。

“So if these people with active infection are not treated, they end up developing complications whereby the eyelashes start facing inwards and start rubbing on the eyeball.(49)

"所以如果这些人的活动性感染不治疗，他们最终发展藉以睫毛开始面临朝里并开始摩擦在眼球上的并发症。

And at this stage one may lose vision. And the loss of vision in trachoma is irreversible.”(50)

并在这一阶段一个可能会失去视力。而视觉在沙眼的损失是不可逆转的。

Kadogo Salaash had almost lost her vision to the disease more than five years ago. Like Ngeyan Nge, she was at first not sure surgery could help her.(51)

军事化 Salaash 几乎失去了她的视力疾病五年多前。像 Ngeyan Nge，她起初不确定手术能帮助她。

“When I decided to go for the eye surgery I was worried and uncomfortable. I thought after the surgery I would not see again.(52)

"当我决定去做眼睛手术我很担心和不舒服。我以为以后不再见的手术。

But now it’s the opposite -- I’m confident, happy and can do my work well.”(53)

不过，现在正好相反 — — 我有信心，高兴并能做好我的工作。

With this kind of medical help -- and campaigns to educate people about trachoma in schools and in poorer communities -- Kenyan medical officials hope to greatly reduce the number of trachoma cases.(54)

与这种医疗帮助 — — 和宣传活动，使人们了解沙眼在学校和贫困社区 — — 肯尼亚医疗官员希望大大减少沙眼案件的数目。

They hope they can end it throughout the country by 2020..(55)

他们希望他们可以结束它在全国各地，到 2020 年...

And that’s our program for today. It was written in Special English from reports by Joe De Capua in Washington and Mohammed Yusuf in Kajaido, Kenya.(56)