WIRE Collection: nullhttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/6298
nullSat, 03 Dec 2016 01:20:32 GMT2016-12-03T01:20:32ZScaling waist girth for differences in body size reveals a new improved index associated with cardiometabolic risk.http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620277
Title: Scaling waist girth for differences in body size reveals a new improved index associated with cardiometabolic risk.
Authors: Nevill, Alan M.; Duncan, M J; Lahart, I M; Sandercock, G R
Abstract: Our aim was to examine whether a new ratio, waist divided by height(0.5) (WHT.5R), is both independent of stature and a stronger predictor of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) than other anthropometric indices. Subjects (4117 men and 646 women), aged 20-69 years, were assessed for stature (cm), mass (kg), waist, and hip girths (cm) from which body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHTR), and two new indices, a body shape index (ABSI) and WHT.5R, were determined. We used the allometric power law, W = a.HT(b) , to obtain a simple body shape index for waist girth (W) to be independent of stature (HT). Physical activity was determined using self-report, and physical fitness was determined using the Bruce protocol. Glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and TC/HDL ratio were determined from fasting venous blood samples. A single CMR composite score was derived from log-transformed z-scores of Triglycerides + average blood pressure ((diastolic + systolic)/2) + glucose + HDL (*-1). Results confirmed WHT.5R to be independent of stature and the strongest predictor of CMR, compared with BMI, WC, WHR, ABSI, and WHTR. We also found that CMR scores decline significantly with increasing fitness and physical activity, confirming that being fit and active can compensate for the adverse effects of being fat as measured by all other anthropometric indices. In conclusion, WHT.5R was the best anthropometric index associated with CMR, and being both physically fit and active has a protective effect on CMR, irrespective of weight status.Mon, 10 Oct 2016 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/6202772016-10-10T00:00:00ZDifferences in motor performance between children and adolescents in Mozambique and Portugal: impact of allometric scaling.http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620206
Title: Differences in motor performance between children and adolescents in Mozambique and Portugal: impact of allometric scaling.
Authors: Dos Santos, Fernanda Karina; Nevill, Alan M.; Gomes, Thayse Natacha Q F; Chaves, Raquel; Daca, Timóteo; Madeira, Aspacia; Katzmarzyk, Peter T; Prista, António; Maia, José A R
Abstract: Children from developed and developing countries have different anthropometric characteristics which may affect their motor performance (MP).Fri, 24 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/6202062015-07-24T00:00:00ZKinetic changes during a six-week minimal footwear and gait-retraining intervention in runners.http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620205
Title: Kinetic changes during a six-week minimal footwear and gait-retraining intervention in runners.
Authors: Warne, Joe P; Smyth, Barry P; Fagan, John O'C; Hone, Michelle E; Richter, Chris; Nevill, Alan M.; Moran, Kieran A; Warrington, Giles D
Abstract: An evaluation of a six-week Combined minimal footwear transition and gait-retraining combination vs. gait retraining only on impact characteristics and leg stiffness. Twenty-four trained male runners were randomly assigned to either (1) Minimalist footwear transition Combined with gait-retraining over a six-week period ("Combined" group; n = 12) examined in both footwear, or (2) a gait-retraining group only with no minimalist footwear exposure ("Control"; n = 12). Participants were assessed for loading rate, impact peak, vertical, knee and ankle stiffness, and foot-strike using 3D and kinetic analysis. Loading rate was significantly higher in the Combined group in minimal shoes in pre-tests compared to a Control (P ≤ 0.001), reduced significantly in the Combined group over time (P ≤ 0.001), and was not different to the Control group in post-tests (P = 0.16). The impact peak (P = 0.056) and ankle stiffness reduced in both groups (P = 0.006). Loading rate and vertical stiffness was higher in minimalist footwear than conventional running shoes both pre (P ≤ 0.001) and post (P = 0.046) the intervention. There has a higher tendency to non-rearfoot strike in both interventions, but more acute changes in the minimalist footwear. A Combined intervention can potentially reduce impact variables. However, higher loading rate initially in minimalist footwear may increase the risk of injury in this condition.Mon, 29 Aug 2016 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/6202052016-08-29T00:00:00ZFlying Into Depression: Pilot's Sleep and Fatigue Experiences Can Explain Differences in Perceived Depression and Anxiety Associated With Duty Hours.http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620201
Title: Flying Into Depression: Pilot's Sleep and Fatigue Experiences Can Explain Differences in Perceived Depression and Anxiety Associated With Duty Hours.
Authors: O'Hagan, Anna Donnla; Issartel, Johann; Nevill, Alan M.; Warrington, Giles
Abstract: A growing body of evidence suggests long work hours adversely affect mental health across a variety of domains. Mental health issues have been found to negatively affect work performance. This finding was highlighted in the aviation industry by the 2015 Germanwings incident in which 150 people died. Further investigation into work hours and their associated factors (e.g., demographic characteristics and experiences of sleep and fatigue in the cockpit) contributing to mental health issues among pilots is warranted. A cross-sectional survey investigating attitudes and experiences of fatigue was developed and distributed to commercial airline pilots. Results found pilots who reported typically spending longer hours on duty per week were twice as likely to report feeling depressed or anxious. Pilots' experiences of job-related sleep disturbance and fatigue may explain why pilots who typically spend long hours on duty each week are more likely to report feeling depressed or anxious.Tue, 30 Aug 2016 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/2436/6202012016-08-30T00:00:00Z