The process is driven by shared concerns and a purpose that
is of real concern to the group

The process should be self-organizing, and allow participants
to identify the ground rules, objectives, tasks, and topics
of concern

Participants should be engaged and interested in the process,
taking part in in-depth discussions and informal interactions

The process should challenge the status quo and encourage
creative thinking about problems and their solutions

Accurate and meaningful information should be available, and
its meaning should be agreed upon by all actors

Situating and engaging:
Key actors are identified and issues of concern or problems
to be solved are identified with these actors in a way that
is sensitive to the local context and their past experiencesAwareness raising, enquiry, and deconstruction: recognizing
different worldviews and understandings of a problem, and
being aware of one’s own frames of reference in relation
to a problem. Clarifying and challenging one’s own and
other’s frames of referenceCocreating: developing shared frames of reference
for understanding the problem based on exposure to alternative
worldviews, and visioning about ‘what could be’Practical action and experimentation: translating ideas
that emerge from the previous steps into collaborative actions
based on the cocreated frames of reference, and testing the
applicability of these to meet the challenges identifiedReflection: assessing the degree to which issues of
concern and challenges have been addressed, and also the ways
in which frames of reference have been changed as a result
of experience