Deep brain stimulation is well established for the treatment of movement disorders. Its use in OCD is becoming more common. Work is on-going in fields- new and old. This session serves as an update to the progress in those indications.

Neuromodulation treatments to treat drug-resistant epilepsy are expanding, including treatment paradigms that stimulate the brain directly to prevent or reduce seizures. With a growing number of options, several questions arise. What is the science behind brain stimulation in epilepsy, and how can animal models help us find new targets? What effects does neurostimulation have on brain networks beyond seizure control? How do we determine the best stimulation paradigm for an individual patient, and should it be open or closed loop? This session will examine how far we've come and where to go next in the rapidly growing field of epilepsy neuromodulation.

In this session, we explore the unique challenges faced by our smallest patients. We will discuss the perioperative process in pediatric patients. Lectures on pediatric neuromodulation for pain, epilepsy and dystonia will be featured.

Speakers will discuss the science and underpinning of sensing systems as they are used to guide therapy from neuromodulation devices. The use of electrical signals obtained as biomarkers for effective therapy will be discussed. The robustness and reliability of signals obtained from implanted electrodes used as indicators of disease status (such as tremor, seizures, or autonomic changes), or as pathway biomarkers (such as the case for spinal cord stimulation for pain) are new to the field. Much has been published on the potential use of these signals in the feedback control or guidance of neuromodulation implants.