Stage 1: Get an Overview of the Selection. Stage 2: Deepen Your Sense of the Selection. Stage 3: Evaluate the Selection.

Ellen Goodman, Family Counterculture.

II. THE WRITING PROCESS.

2. Getting Started Through Prewriting. Observations About the Writing Process. Use Prewriting to Get Started. Keep a Journal. Understand the Boundaries of the Assignment. Determine Your Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Point of View. Discover Your Essay's Limited Subject. Generate Raw Material About Your Limited Subject. Organize the Raw Material. Activities: Getting Started Through Prewriting.

3. Identifying a Thesis.

What Is a Thesis? Finding a Thesis. Writing an Effective Thesis. Tone and Point of View. Implied Pattern of Development. Including a Plan of Development. Don't Write a Highly Opinionated Statement. Don't Make an Announcement. Don't Make a Factual Statement. Don't Make a Broad Statement. Arriving at an Effective Thesis. Placing the Thesis in an Essay. Activities: Identifying a Thesis.

4. Supporting the Thesis with Evidence.

What Is Evidence? How Do You Find Evidence? How the Patterns of Development Help Generate Evidence. Characteristics of Evidence. The Evidence Is Relevant and Unified. The Evidence Is Specific. The Evidence Is Adequate. The Evidence Is Dramatic. The Evidence Is Accurate. The Evidence Is Representative. The Evidence Is Documented. Activities: Supporting the Thesis with Evidence.

How to Move from Outline to First Draft. General Suggestions on How to Proceed. If You Get Bogged Down. A Suggested Sequence for Writing the First Draft. Write the Supporting Paragraphs. Write Other Paragraphs in the Essay's Body. Write the Introduction. Write the Conclusion. Write the Title. Pulling It All Together. Sample First Draft. Harriet Davids, Challenges for Today's Parents. Activities: Writing the Paragraphs in the First Draft.

7. Revising Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development.

Strategies to Make Revision Easier. Set Your First Draft Aside for a While. Work from Typed or Printed Text. Read the Draft Aloud. View Revision as a Series of Steps Evaluate and Respond to Instructor Feedback. Peer Review: An Additional Revision Strategy Evaluate and Respond to Peer Review Revising Overall Meaning and Structure. Revising Paragraph Development. Sample Student Revision of Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development. Activities: Revising Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development.

The Patterns in Action: During the Writing Process. The Patterns in Action: In an Essay. Student Essay--Tasha Walker, The Super-Sizing of America's Kids Commentary Professional Selection--Virginia Woolf, The Death of a Moth. Commentary

Debating the Issues: Torture of Terrorists Jonathan Alter, Time to Think About Torture Henry Porter, Now the Talk Is About Bringing Back Torture

Additional Writing Topics: Argumentation-Persuasion.

IV. THE RESEARCH PAPER" . 20. Selecting a Subject, Using the Library and the Internet, and Taking Notes.

Some General Comments About the Research Paper. Plan the Research. Understand the Paper's Boundaries. Understand Primary versus Secondary Research. Choose a General Subject. Prewrite to Limit the General Subject. Conduct Preliminary Research. Identify a Working Thesis. Make a Schedule. Find Sources in the Library. The Computerized Catalog. The Card Catalog. The Reference Section. Periodicals. Use the Internet. The Internet and the World Wide Web. What the Web Offers. The Advantages and Limitations of the Library and the Web. Accessing the Web. Using the Net to Find Books on Your Topic. Using the Net to Find Articles and Other Materials on Your Topic. Evaluating Internet Materials. Using Other Internet Tools. Prepare a Working Bibliography. Take Notes to Support the Thesis with Evidence. Why Take Notes? Before Note-Taking: Evaluate Sources. Before Note-Taking: Refine Your Working Bibliography. Before Note-Taking: Read Your Sources. When Note-Taking: What to Select. When Note-Taking: How to Record Statistics. When Note-Taking: Use Index Cards. Two Other Note-Taking Approaches. Kinds of Notes. Activities: Selecting a Subject, Using the Library, and Taking Notes.

Elements of Literary Works. How to Read a Literary Work. Read to Form a General Impression. Ask Questions About the Work. Reread and Annotate. Modify Your Annotations. Write the Literary Analysis. Prewrite. Identify Your Thesis. Support the Thesis with Evidence. Organize the Evidence. Write the First Draft. Revise Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development. Edit and Proofread. Pulling It All Together. Read to Form a General Impression. Langston Hughes, Early Autumn. Ask Questions about the Work. Reread and Annotate. Student Essay. Karen Vais, Stopping to Talk. Commentary. Additional Selections and Writing Assignments. Robert Frost, Out, Out! Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour.

23. Writing Exam Essays.

Three Forms of Written Answers. Short Answers. Paragraph-Length Answers. Essay-Length Answers. How to Prepare for Exam Essays. At the Examination. Survey of the Entire Test. Understand the Essay Question. Write the Essay. Prewrite. Identify Your Thesis. Support the Thesis with Evidence. Organize the Evidence. Write the Draft. Revise, Edit, and Proofread. Sample Essay Answer.

Stage 1: Get an Overview of the Selection. Stage 2: Deepen Your Sense of the Selection. Stage 3: Evaluate the Selection.

Ellen Goodman, Family Counterculture.

II. THE WRITING PROCESS.

2. Getting Started Through Prewriting. Observations About the Writing Process. Use Prewriting to Get Started. Keep a Journal. Understand the Boundaries of the Assignment. Determine Your Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Point of View. Discover Your Essay's Limited Subject. Generate Raw Material About Your Limited Subject. Organize the Raw Material. Activities: Getting Started Through Prewriting.

3. Identifying a Thesis.

What Is a Thesis? Finding a Thesis. Writing an Effective Thesis. Tone and Point of View. Implied Pattern of Development. Including a Plan of Development. Don't Write a Highly Opinionated Statement. Don't Make an Announcement. Don't Make a Factual Statement. Don't Make a Broad Statement. Arriving at an Effective Thesis. Placing the Thesis in an Essay. Activities: Identifying a Thesis.

4. Supporting the Thesis with Evidence.

What Is Evidence? How Do You Find Evidence? How the Patterns of Development Help Generate Evidence. Characteristics of Evidence. The Evidence Is Relevant and Unified. The Evidence Is Specific. The Evidence Is Adequate. The Evidence Is Dramatic. The Evidence Is Accurate. The Evidence Is Representative. The Evidence Is Documented. Activities: Supporting the Thesis with Evidence.

How to Move from Outline to First Draft. General Suggestions on How to Proceed. If You Get Bogged Down. A Suggested Sequence for Writing the First Draft. Write the Supporting Paragraphs. Write Other Paragraphs in the Essay's Body. Write the Introduction. Write the Conclusion. Write the Title. Pulling It All Together. Sample First Draft. Harriet Davids, Challenges for Today's Parents. Activities: Writing the Paragraphs in the First Draft.

7. Revising Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development.

Strategies to Make Revision Easier. Set Your First Draft Aside for a While. Work from Typed or Printed Text. Read the Draft Aloud. View Revision as a Series of Steps Evaluate and Respond to Instructor Feedback. Peer Review: An Additional Revision Strategy Evaluate and Respond to Peer Review Revising Overall Meaning and Structure. Revising Paragraph Development. Sample Student Revision of Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development. Activities: Revising Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development.

The Patterns in Action: During the Writing Process. The Patterns in Action: In an Essay. Student Essay--Tasha Walker, The Super-Sizing of America's Kids Commentary Professional Selection--Virginia Woolf, The Death of a Moth. Commentary

Debating the Issues: Torture of Terrorists Jonathan Alter, Time to Think About Torture Henry Porter, Now the Talk Is About Bringing Back Torture

Additional Writing Topics: Argumentation-Persuasion.

IV. THE RESEARCH PAPER" . 20. Selecting a Subject, Using the Library and the Internet, and Taking Notes.

Some General Comments About the Research Paper. Plan the Research. Understand the Paper's Boundaries. Understand Primary versus Secondary Research. Choose a General Subject. Prewrite to Limit the General Subject. Conduct Preliminary Research. Identify a Working Thesis. Make a Schedule. Find Sources in the Library. The Computerized Catalog. The Card Catalog. The Reference Section. Periodicals. Use the Internet. The Internet and the World Wide Web. What the Web Offers. The Advantages and Limitations of the Library and the Web. Accessing the Web. Using the Net to Find Books on Your Topic. Using the Net to Find Articles and Other Materials on Your Topic. Evaluating Internet Materials. Using Other Internet Tools. Prepare a Working Bibliography. Take Notes to Support the Thesis with Evidence. Why Take Notes? Before Note-Taking: Evaluate Sources. Before Note-Taking: Refine Your Working Bibliography. Before Note-Taking: Read Your Sources. When Note-Taking: What to Select. When Note-Taking: How to Record Statistics. When Note-Taking: Use Index Cards. Two Other Note-Taking Approaches. Kinds of Notes. Activities: Selecting a Subject, Using the Library, and Taking Notes.

Elements of Literary Works. How to Read a Literary Work. Read to Form a General Impression. Ask Questions About the Work. Reread and Annotate. Modify Your Annotations. Write the Literary Analysis. Prewrite. Identify Your Thesis. Support the Thesis with Evidence. Organize the Evidence. Write the First Draft. Revise Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development. Edit and Proofread. Pulling It All Together. Read to Form a General Impression. Langston Hughes, Early Autumn. Ask Questions about the Work. Reread and Annotate. Student Essay. Karen Vais, Stopping to Talk. Commentary. Additional Selections and Writing Assignments. Robert Frost, Out, Out! Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour.

23. Writing Exam Essays.

Three Forms of Written Answers. Short Answers. Paragraph-Length Answers. Essay-Length Answers. How to Prepare for Exam Essays. At the Examination. Survey of the Entire Test. Understand the Essay Question. Write the Essay. Prewrite. Identify Your Thesis. Support the Thesis with Evidence. Organize the Evidence. Write the Draft. Revise, Edit, and Proofread. Sample Essay Answer.