Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) serve many purposes for the organisms producing them, enabling them to thrive in ice-laden environments. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), a subset of this group, act as biological antifreezes and ...

Water ice is prevalent in many environments, from the surface and atmosphere of Earth to molecular clouds in the interstellar medium. High energy photons initiate photoreactions via excitation of water or contaminant species ...

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are produced by a variety of organisms to either protect them from freezing or help them tolerate being frozen. Recent structural work has shown that AFPs bind to ice using ordered surface waters ...