CONTENTS
1. Phlebotominae sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae): Main vectors in Europe and their distribution with special emphasis for Turkey
2. The leishmaniasis in southern Europe
3. Public health importance and control of sand flies in continental Europe
4. Sand fly species as new vector candidates for Leishmania transmission in Europe
5. Sandfly bites, saliva and gut secretions: Could it contribute to disease control?

Vector-borne diseases use to be a major public health concern only in tropical and sub-tropical areas,but today they are an emerging threat for the continental and developed countries also.Nowadays,in intercontinental countries ,there is a struggle with emerging diseases,which have found their way to appear through vectors.Vector-borne zoonotic diseases occur when vectors,animal hosts,climate conditions,pathogens,and suscepti-ble human population exist at the same time,at the same place.Global climate change is predicted to lead to an increase in vector-borne infectious diseases and dise