Napoleon III

"new imperialism"

Historians' term for the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests by European powers, the United States, and Japan, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories

Josiah Strong

Pan American Conference

1889 - Meeting organized by James Blaine to establish closer ties b/n US and its neighbors. Representatives from many western hemisphere countries decided to create a permanent organization for international cooperation on trade and other issues.

James Blaine

Benjamin Harrison's secretary of state and played an important role in the Pan-American Conference. The charming and popular man was the Republican nominee for president in 1884 who lost to Grover Cleveland. His candidacy was hurt by charges of corruption with the railroads exposed in the Mulligan letters.

Spanish-American War

De Lôme Letter

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898.

Philippine annexation

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

big-stick policy

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

1901 - permission granted by Panama for the US to dig a canal; permitted by the British in order to make friends with US in hope of future support against Germany; negociated under Roosevelt ; greatly facilitated trade

Treaty of Portsmouth

gentleman's agreement

an informal agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan whereby the U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan would not allow further immigration to the U.S.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Lodge Corollary

A corollary to the Monroe Doctrine proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge and ratified by the U.S. Senate in 1912 forbidding any foreign power or foreign interest of any kind to acquire sufficient territory in the Western Hemisphere so as to put that government in "practical power of control".

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Victoriano Huerta

Tampico incident

In April 1914, some U.S. sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico. President Wilson used the incident to send U.S. troops into northern Mexico. His real intent was to unseat the Huerta government there. After the Niagara Falls Conference, Huerta abdicated and the confrontation ended.