Funding:"Supported by U.S. National Institutes of Health Grant R21-AG02677, AHA Grants 0630113N and 14GRNT18860032, and NASA Grant NNJ10-ZSA001N to D.A.G.; and by grants from National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute HL106098 to X.Y. and HL091983 to R.K."

Funding:"This work was supported by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute: HPF01301; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: 1RC2HL101340-01; National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke: U54NS060659; Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute Pilot grant supported in part by PHS Grants: UL1 RR025008, KL2 RR025009 or TL1 RR025010 from the Clinical and Translational Science Award program. SAR, SWL and CAC were supported in part by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute through NASA NCC 9-58. SAS is supported by NASA Grant NASANNX1 OAR 1 OG and NHLBI Grant K24-HL076446. FAS was supported by NHLBI Grant R01 HL094806. The project described was supported by Brigham and Women's Hospital General Clinical Research Center Grant M01 RR02635. The project described was supported by Clinical Translational Science Award UL1RR025758 to Harvard University and Brigham and Women's Hospital from the National Center for Research Resources."

Funding:"This research was supported primarily by a grant from the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation (49357), as well as grants from the National Science Foundation (BCS 0935321), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX12AL25G and NNX08BA35G), and Sigma Xi (G20120315159591)."

Funding:"This study is supported in part by NASA Grant# NNX13AD58G and NNX09AU95G. We acknowledge the Histopathology and Tissue Shared Resources supported by Award Number P30CA051008 from the National Cancer Institute."

Funding:"This report was made possible, in part, through a National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cooperative Agreement (NNJ11HE31A) with the Universities Space Research Association." M.L. Gernhardt is at NASA Johnson Space Center.

Note:From the abstract: "The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between load-induced one formation rates and periosteal strain at ulnar midshaft using three different methods to estimate strain: (A) Nominal strain values based solely on load-strain calibration; (B) Strains calculated from load-strain calibration, but scaled for differences in mid-shaft cross-sectional geometry among animals; and (C) An alternative image-based computational method for calculating strains based on beam theory and animal-specific bone geometry."