Practice Exam for the Abdomen

1. The ligament that extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and forms the lower lateral boundary of the abdominal wall, is the:

lacunar

interfoveolar

inguinal

ilio-pectineal

pectineal

2. The "porta hepatis" of the liver transmits all of the following EXCEPT the:

hepatic arteries

hepatic ducts

autonomic nerves from the celiac plexus

portal vein

hepatic veins

3. Most of the small intestine receives its blood supply from branches of a single artery. The artery that supplies most of the small bowel is the:

middle colic

celiac

gastroduodenal

inferior mesenteric

superior mesenteric

4. Which of the following nerves passes through the superficial inguinal ring?

iliohypogastric nerve

obturator nerve

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

ilioinguinal nerve

pudendal nerve

5. The posterior boundary of the epiploic foramen (of Monro) is the:

caudate lobe of the liver

first part of the duodenum

portal vein

common bile duct

inferior vena cava

6. Regarding the anatomy of the inguinal canal, all of the following statements are true about it EXCEPT:

its floor is predominately formed by the inguinal ligament

its deep ring is located just lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

its roof is formed by arching fibers of the internal oblique and transversus muscles

its deep ring is formed by peritoneum

its superficial ring is formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

7. The abdominal aorta passes through the diaphragm at which vertebral level?

T8

T10

T12

L1

L2

8. The common bile duct, hepatic artery and postal vein are found grouped together in the:

gastrosplenic ligament

gastrohepatic ligament

hepatoduodenal ligament

gastrocolic ligament

falciform ligament

9. The inguinal ligament runs between the:

symphysis pubis and the inferior iliac spine

anterior and posterior superior iliac spines

left and right iliac tubercles

pubic tubercle and iliac tubercle

anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

10. In the human kidney, the renal papilla projects directly into the:

renal pyramid

ureter

major calyx

renal columns

minor calyx

11. The epiploic foramen is bounded anteriorly by the:

hepatoduodenal ligament

peritoneum over the inferior vena cava

peritoneum on the caudate lobe of the liver

free border of the greater omentum

peritoneum at the beginning of the duodenum

11. Motor innervation to the respiratory diaphragm is the:

vagus nerve

thoracic splanchnic nerve

3rd, 4th and 5th thoracic nerves

phrenic nerve

recurrent laryngeal nerve

12. The common bile duct and major pancreatic duct join to form the:

hepatic duct

common hepatic duct

cystic duct

cisterna chyli

ampulla of Vater

13. Each of the following forms a boundary of the lesser peritoneal sac EXCEPT the:

gastrosplenic ligament

left triangular ligament of the liver

greater omentum

lesser omentum

splenorenal ligament

14. Which of the following is located at the opening between the small and large intestines?

ligament of Treitz

cardiac sphincter

ileocecal valve

pyloric sphincter

tricuspid valve

15. When removing the spleen, a surgeon must be careful not to cut one of its branches, the:

superior mesenteric

left gastric

left gastroepiploic

superior pancreaticoduodenal

left renal

16. Which of the following arteries is used to characterize an inguinal hernia as direct or indirect?

obturator

deep external pudendal

femoral

superficial circumflex iliac

inferior epigastric

17. When performing surgery in the ischiorectal fossa, the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve should be avoided by staying away from the:

base of the fossa

medial wall of the fossa

lateral wall of the fossa

anterior wall of the fossa

posterior wall of the fossa

18. Infected glands of the anus (near the pectinate line) may erode the wall of the anal canal and rupture laterally into the:

ischiorectal fossa

deep perineal pouch (or space)

rectovesical fossa

superficial perineal pouch (or space)

retropubic space

19. Which nerve is identified by its position on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle?

femoral

ilioinguinal

genitofemoral

obturator

lateral femoral cutaneous

20. The external spermatic fascia is derived from the:

tunica vaginalis

transversus abdominis aponeurosis

external oblique aponeurosis

extraperitoneal fascia

internal oblique aponeurosis

21. The perineum is bounded by all of the following EXCEPT the:

ischiopubic ramus

pubic symphysis

apex of the coccyx

urogenital diaphragm

sacrotuberous ligament

22. The portion of the male urethra that passes through the urogenital diaphragm is called the:

penile urethra

spongy urethra

membranous urethra

prostatic urethra

external urethral sphincter

23. The scrotum has as its counterpart in the female the:

bulb of the vestibule

crura of the clitoris

labia majora

labia minora

clitoris

24. When a surgeon removes the uterus and cuts the uterine artery, he must be careful not to cut the:

ovarian artery

ureter

urethra

internal pudendal artery

vagina

25. The portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that attaches to the uterine tube is known as the:

round ligament

mesovarium

mesometrium

mesosalpinx

parametrium

In the adjacent diagram of a sagittal section through the female pelvis, select a letter that answers the question or statement:

26. A space or recess used to reach the urinary bladder without entering the peritoneal cavity:

27. A space or recess easily entered from the posterior fornix of the vagina

28. Anastomosis of the left gastroepiploic artery with the right gastroepiploic artery occurs here:

29. This part of the diagram is supplied by short gastric branches of the splenic artery.

Match the numbered statement with the lettered muscle.

30. independent contraction of this muscle results in trunk flexion
31. independent contraction of this muscle aids in rotation of the trunk
32. throughout most of its extent, the aponeurosis of this muscle contributes only to the posterior layer of the rectus sheath
33. contraction of this muscle stabilizes the 12th rib
34. this muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve

rectus abdominis

iliacus

internal oblique

transverse abdominis

quadratus lumborum

35. Which of the following structures is retroperitoneal?

transverse colon

spleen

ileum

descending colon

jejunum

36. The cysterna chyli is:

an enlargement of the end of the thoracic duct

an enlarged lymph node

a ganglion with a cavity in it

a cavity formed by the convergence of the pancreatic and bile ducts

the cavity of the urinary bladder

37. The tunica vaginalis:

covers the round ligament

is formed from peritoneum

lies posterior to the testis

is normally continuous with the peritoneal cavity in the adult

In questions 38 - 42 match the numbered statement with the lettered muscle.

38. independent contraction of this muscle results in trunk flexion

39. independent contraction of this muscle aids in rotation of the trunk

40. throughout most of its extent, the aponeurosis of this muscle contributes only to the posterior layer of the rectus sheath