Preview

Features

Provides an overview of the background science of inland aquatic water ecosystems, including environmental physics, chemistry, limnology, and ecology

Examines the problems that threaten aquatic inland water ecosystems and presents a set of toolboxes for solving them

Balances theory with practical applications

Includes many examples of management of reservoirs and lakes

Contains numerous tables and figures, as well as a 16-page color insert

Summary

Combining background knowledge and practical tools, Handbook of Inland Aquatic Ecosystem Management gives you an overview of how to manage inland waters in a holistic manner. It examines the problems that threaten aquatic inland water ecosystems and presents a set of toolboxes for solving them. The book focuses on lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, wetlands, lagoons, and estuaries, including the predominant freshwater ecosystems as well as saline and brackish ecosystems.

Understand Ecosystem Properties and Ecological Processes

The book consists of two parts. The first part reviews the basic scientific knowledge needed in the environmental and ecological management of aquatic ecosystems, from limnology and ecology of inland water ecosystems to environmental physics and chemistry. It emphasizes the interacting processes that characterize all inland aquatic ecosystems and explains the scientific considerations behind the conservation principles and their applications.

Define the Problems and Quantify Their Sources

The second part of the book presents toolboxes that you can apply to achieve more holistic environmental and ecological management. After an overview of the environmental problems of inland aquatic ecosystems and their sources, the book examines toolboxes to help you identify the problem, namely mass balances, ecological indicators, and ecological models. It also discusses toolboxes that can be used to find an environmental management solution to the problem: environmental technology, cleaner technology, and ecotechnology.

This book shows you how to integrate biology, ecology, limnology, and chemistry with the toolboxes in an up-to-date, multidisciplinary approach to environmental management. It provides a powerful framework for identifying ecological mechanisms that interact with global environmental problems threatening inland aquatic ecosystems.

Table of Contents

Part I Limnology and Ecology of Inland Waters

Overview of Inland Aquatic Ecosystems and Their General CharacteristicsIntroduction: A Short OverviewReservoirs in Brazil: An Example of Large-Scale Construction of Artificial Aquatic Systems

Lakes and Reservoirs as EcosystemsLakes and Reservoirs Have Many Interactive FactorsPulse Effects in Lakes and ReservoirsVertical and Longitudinal (or Horizontal) Processes in Reservoirs and Their ComplexityDifferences between Lakes and ReservoirsExternal Nutrient Loading and Nutrient DynamicsSuccession in Lakes and ReservoirsLake and Reservoir SedimentationShallow LakesFuture Research Needs for Lakes and Reservoirs as Tools for Advanced Management of These EcosystemsEutrophication ProblemGrowth of PhytoplanktonSolutions to the Eutrophication ProblemReservoirs and Lakes as Complex Systems and They Require an Integrated Management Plan

Physical Processes and Circulation in Lakes and ReservoirsIntroductionPhysical ProcessesPotential Energy and the Turbulent Kinetic EnergyTransport Process in Lake and ReservoirStratification and the Circulation of Lakes and Reservoirs and the Ecological ProcessesClassification of LakesReservoirsLake Morphometry and Lake Forms

Rivers as EcosystemsPhysical Characteristics: Horizontal GradientsBiogeochemical CyclesAquatic Biota of RiversEnergy Flux and Food ChainsLarge RiversRiver FisheriesSmall Creeks and StreamsEcological, Economical, and Social Importance of the Rivers: The Hydrosocial CycleHuman Impacts on River Ecosystems

Estuaries and Coastal Lagoons as EcosystemsIntroductionClassification and Zonation of EstuariesEnvironmental FactorsAquatic Biota of the EstuariesFreshwater Inflow into EstuariesPrimary Production in Estuaries and Coastal LagoonsAnthropogenic Impacts on Estuaries

WetlandsIntroduction: The Importance of WetlandsEcosystem Services by WetlandsTypes of Wetlands and Wetland ProcessesConstructed WetlandsNatural Wetlands

Tropical Freshwater EcosystemsTropical Lakes and Floodplains of the South American ContinentContinental Waters of Tropical AfricaFloodplains and Wetlands in AsiaTropical Freshwater Environments

Freshwater Temperate Lakes and ReservoirsIntroductionEnglish Lake DistrictLaurentian Great Lakes in North AmericaJapanese LakesReservoirs in Temperate Regions

Application of the Conservation PrinciplesMass Conservation: An Important Basic PrincipleThreshold LevelsSteady State and EquilibriumBasic Concepts of Mass BalancesMass Conservations in a Food ChainHydrological Cycle

Application of Aquatic Chemistry in Environmental Management II: Equilibrium Calculations of the Four Types of ReactionsDouble Logarithmic Diagrams Applied on Acid–Base ReactionsMolar Fraction, Alkalinity, and Buffer CapacityDissolved Carbon DioxidePrecipitation and Dissolution: Solubility of HydroxidesSolubility of Carbonates in Open SystemsSolubility of ComplexesStability of the Solid PhaseComplex FormationEnvironmental Importance of Complex FormationConditional ConstantApplication of Double Logarithmic Diagrams to Determine the Conditional Constants for Complex FormationRedox Equilibria: Electron Activity and Nernst’s Lawpe as Master VariableExamples of Relevant Processes in the Aquatic EnvironmentRedox Conditions in Natural WatersConstruction of pe–pH DiagramsRedox Potential and Complex Formation

Future of Limnology and Aquatic Ecology as a Tool for Management of Inland WatersOur Demand to Limnology and Aquatic Ecology

Part II Holistic, Environmental and Ecological Management

Impacts on Watersheds and Inland Aquatic EcosystemsEnvironmental Problems, Their Sources, and Evaluation of ImpactsImpactsImpacts of Climatic Change on Aquatic Ecosystems

Integrated Ecological and Environmental ManagementIntroductionEcological and Environmental Management ProcedureTool Boxes Available Today to Develop an Ecological–Environmental DiagnosisTool Boxes Available Today to Solve the Environmental ProblemsFollow the Recovery ProcessImplementation of the Presented Ecological and Environmental Management Procedure in Practice on Inland Water EcosystemsConclusions about Integrated Environmental and Ecological Management of Inland Water Ecosystems

Application of Environmental Technology in the Environmental and Ecological ManagementIntroductionWastewater Treatment: An OverviewMunicipal WastewaterCombinations of Methods for the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (Reduction of BOD5)Methods for the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (Reduction of Phosphorus Concentration)Methods for the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (Reduction of Nitrogen Concentration)

Application of Cleaner Technology in Environmental and Ecological ManagementIntroductionApplication of Life Cycle Analyses and Cleaner TechnologyRecycling and Reuse: Green Tax

Application of Ecotechnology in Ecosystem Management of Inland WatersEcotechnology: Definition and ClassificationApplication of Class 1 and Class 2 Methods in EcotechnologyEcotechnology: Restoration MethodsSelection of the Most Appropriate Methods or Combination of Methods in Environmental and Ecological Management: A Conclusion of Chapters 14 through 17Example to Illustrate the Selection of Pollution Abatement MethodsConclusions

Application of Ecological Indicators in Environmental Management of Freshwater EcosystemsIntroductionTools to Synthesize and Overview: Models and IndicatorsEcological Indicators: Application and ClassificationEmergy and ExergySelection of Ecological IndicatorCase Study

Author(s) Bio

Sven Erik Jørgensen is a professor of environmental chemistry at University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. He is an honorable doctor of science at Coimbra University, Portugal, and at Dar es Salaam University, Tanzania. In 2004 and 2005, Dr. Jørgensen was awarded the prestigious Stockholm Water Prize, the Prigogine Prize, and the Einstein Professorship by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2007, he received the Pascal medal and was elected a member of the European Academy of Sciences.

Jose Galizia Tundisi is a retired professor of environmental sciences at the University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil. He currently serves as president of the International Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, a nonprofit organization at São Carlos. He also serves as full professor of environmental quality at University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. He has served as a consultant in 40 countries in water and resource management, and limnology, aquatic biology, and watershed management.

Takako Matsumura Tundisi is a retired professor of ecology at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil. She currently serves as scientific director of the International Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management, a nonprofit organization at São Carlos. She developed several projects in limnology of tropical lakes and reservoirs and coordinated a large-scale study of 220 reservoirs in São Paulo State for the Biota-FAPESP program. Since 1999, she has been chief editor of the Brazilian Journal of Biology.

Reviews

"... a book on the subject of lakes and reservoirs is extremely welcome today when fast global changes, including urbanization, global commerce, and climate, are posing—and will pose in the near future—greater stress in our hydrologic systems. The authors present the subject in such a way that the reader will learn not only fundamentals of limnology but also the behavior of lakes and reservoirs both from a physicochemical and an ecosystemic point of view. The book relies on several examples from projects developed by the authors on the ground. This is something that professionals working in this field will benefit significantly from ..."

—Benedito Braga, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil