REFILE: Behavior therapy dampens Tourette tics

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Behavior therapy can help some people with Tourette syndrome stifle their embarrassing and sometimes inappropriate tics, according to a new study of adults with the neurologic condition.

"It really gives patients a wonderful alternative to medications," said Sabine Wilhelm, who directs the OCD and Related Disorders Program at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and led the study.

"It is something that has created a lot of excitement in the field," she added, "because now we can finally treat neurological disorders with psychological interventions."

It's believed that about three of every 1,000 children have Tourette, and the condition is less common in adults. It causes people to make repeated, jerky movements or grunting or coughing sounds - the so-called tics. At times, the tics may be more complex, such as cursing or moving around, and can be disruptive at work or school.

"Sometimes patients have tics where they actually hurt themselves," said Wilhelm, whose findings appear in the Archives of General Psychiatry.

There is no cure for Tourette, but medications such as antipsychotics are sometimes used to quell the symptoms. Unfortunately, they often come with serious side effects such as sedation, movement problems or weight gain.

Wilhelm's study tested a new kind of therapy called Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, or CBIT, which grew out of an earlier behavioral technique.

She explained that it focuses on creating awareness of oncoming tics and their triggers, so that people have a shot at controlling them before it's too late. CBIT also teaches people to counteract the tic in subtle ways, for instance by balling up their fists if they feel compelled "to give someone the finger," according to Wilhelm.

The researchers assigned 122 people over age 16 - most with Tourette and some with a problem called chronic tic disorder - to one of two groups. One group got eight sessions of CBIT training, while the other, comparison group, got only supportive treatment and education.

At the end of the training, 38 percent of people in the CBIT group had much or very much improved, compared to just six percent of the comparison group.

The CBIT group also saw a 26-percent decrease in the severity and frequency of their tics - more than double the improvement in the other group.

"Patients were so grateful, they would say things like, 'This gives me a way to manage my tics, I now feel like I have control over my body,'" Wilhelm said. "We also had three- and six-month follow-ups and the treatment gains were maintained over time."

She couldn't say what CBIT costs, but said some insurers cover it. And while it's not widely available yet, her group has been working with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to train health professionals in the technique. So far, they have reached more than 2,000 providers, Wilhelm said.

The new study expands on earlier work in children by Wilhelm's group, which found similarly encouraging results.

"These two studies on behavior therapy... are by far the largest studies that have ever been done in terms of treatment of Tourette disorder," she told Reuters Health, adding that she hopes to compare the behavior therapy with drugs in the future.