Gingrich: Ronald Reagan was no friend of apartheid

By Newt Gingrich

Updated 1:09 PM ET, Tue December 10, 2013

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – The hearse carrying former South African President Nelson Mandela leaves the Union Buildings after the final day of his lying in state in Pretoria, South Africa, on Friday, December 13.

Hide Caption

1 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – The national flag-draped coffin of the former South African President is carried down steps of the Union Buildings at the end of the third and final day of lying in state on December 13.

Hide Caption

2 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – South African Naval personnel stand guard around Mandela's casket as he is carried to the Union Buildings on the final day of his lying in state on December 13.

Hide Caption

3 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – A cheering man climbs up a fence after the casket of Mandela passed on its way to the Union Buildings on December 13.

Hide Caption

4 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – A rainbow forms over the Union Buildings in Pretoria on Thursday, December 12, after the public viewing of Mandela's casket.

Hide Caption

5 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – Mandela's funeral procession drives toward the Union Buildings on December 12. Each morning his remains were transported from the mortuary to the government buildings.

Hide Caption

6 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – People queue to catch a bus to see the remains of Nelson Mandela at the Union Buildings on December 12.

Hide Caption

7 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – People attend the memorial service for former South African President Nelson Mandela at FNB Stadium in Johannesburg on Tuesday, December 10. Thousands of South Africans and more than 90 heads of state gathered to honor the revered leader, who died Thursday, December 5. He was 95.

Hide Caption

8 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – Mandela supporters make their way to the stadium.

Hide Caption

9 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – A group of people gets a ride to the event.

Hide Caption

10 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – Former members of the armed wing of the African National Congress run through the streets on their way to the memorial service.

Hide Caption

11 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – People in the stadium take shelter from the rain.

Nelson Mandela memorial service – World leaders, including former French President Nicolas Sarkozy, top second left, and French President Francois Hollande, top second right, attend the memorial service.

Hide Caption

43 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – South Africa Rugby Union captain Francois Pienaar waits for the memorial service to begin.

Hide Caption

44 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – Mourners wave flags at a telecast of the memorial service at Ellis Park in Johannesburg.

Nelson Mandela memorial service – British Prime Minister David Cameron arrives for the memorial service.

Hide Caption

47 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – Former British Prime Minister John Major arrives for the memorial service.

Hide Caption

48 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – Members of the public sing and dance as they arrive for the memorial service at FNB Stadium.

Hide Caption

49 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – People arrive at FNB Stadium before the memorial service.

Hide Caption

50 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – Members of the public make their way to the memorial service at FNB Stadium.

Hide Caption

51 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – A man clutches the official program in Johannesburg.

Hide Caption

52 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – Mourners sing as they take shelter from the rain in the hallways of FNB Stadium.

Hide Caption

53 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – A man waves a South African flag at FNB Stadium.

Hide Caption

54 of 55

Photos: Nelson Mandela memorial service55 photos

Nelson Mandela memorial service – People walk around the FNB Stadium in Johannesburg.

Hide Caption

55 of 55

Story highlights

Newt Gingrich: A few conservatives objected to my tribute to Nelson Mandela

He replied asking what would they have done were they in Mandela's shoes

Liberals have wrongly said that Ronald Reagan supported the apartheid regime

Gingrich: Reagan opposed sanctions as a matter of tactics but was anti-apartheid

After the surprisingly harsh response from some conservatives to my statement honoring President Nelson Mandela, I replied last week with a question to his critics: What would you have done, in his place, faced with a crushing apartheid regime determined to eliminate all rights for your race?

Mandela, I pointed out, was fighting for the same freedoms we in America defend most forcefully. Those who don't want to honor him seem to judge by a double standard.

These critics on the right, however, are a relatively minor group. We heard no major conservative leaders or publications repeating their misguided claims.

Compare that with the crass manner in which the mainstream left has seized on Mandela's death to smear Ronald Reagan as having somehow "embraced" apartheid.

Newt Gingrich

Many of the Mandela remembrances have noted Reagan's veto of economic sanctions against South Africa as well as the State Department's addition of the African National Congress to the terrorist list -- saying this proves Reagan supported apartheid.

As someone who at the time was immersed in the debate over South Africa as a member of Congress, I can attest that this is a slanderous mischaracterization of the Reagan policy.

Reagan's chief concern in South Africa was to prevent the country from falling to communism, a priority in line with his chief foreign policy goal worldwide. But Reagan was also part of a new generation of conservatives who were committed to confronting apartheid after decades of what was frankly a disappointing lack of courage on the American right.

A few dozen Republicans in Congress, I among them, were some of the first conservatives to approach the problem seriously. The climax of our effort in the House was passing economic sanctions against South Africa. As many liberal commentators have noted in the past few days, Reagan vetoed that bill, only to have Congress override his veto.

Just Watched

Gathering for Mandela's memorial

But Reagan's critics are wrong to say his opposition to economic sanctions made him pro-apartheid. He disagreed with our group of activist Republicans in Congress over tactics, not over the aim of ending the institution. The President was absolutely committed to that goal, even if some of our other conservative colleagues were not.

Reagan "detested" apartheid, as he wrote in his diary and said publicly, but thought sanctions would be counterproductive to ending it. In particular, he believed punishing South Africa economically would only have "hurt the very blacks we're trying to help." This was a position Reagan shared with Gatsha Buthelezi, the head of the Zulus, among other black South Africans.

Our disagreement over sanctions, as Reagan said in his remarks after the veto override, "was not whether or not to oppose apartheid but, instead, how best to oppose it and how best to bring freedom to that troubled country."

Reagan's veto of that bill, moreover, was not the sum total of his record on the issue. For one thing, as his former speechwriter Peter Robinson recalled last week, "Reagan himself imposed sanctions against the South African government, issuing an executive order that curtailed military and official relations between the U.S. and Pretoria." These steps hurt the racist regime directly, not the poor majority.

In addition to his own sanctions, one of the president's first foreign policy steps was to send a close aide, William Clark, to South Africa to oppose apartheid. There, as four Reagan biographers wrote recently in The Washington Post, "an unsmiling Clark told Prime Minister Pieter W. Botha to his face that the new president and administration 'abhorred apartheid,' " and ended up walking out on him.

Reagan later appointed Edward Perkins as the first U.S. black ambassador to South Africa, a move that from the perspective of the apartheid regime was highly provocative. In fact, it infuriated Botha. Perkins later recounted that when he presented his credentials to the prime minister, the white South African was shaking in anger. The only modern equivalent might be appointing a woman ambassador to Saudi Arabia.

Reagan was not silent about the imprisonment of Mandela, either. He argued in a 1986 speech that "Nelson Mandela should be released to participate in the country's political process" and counted this step as a "necessary component of progress toward political peace." This is not the record left-wing pundits looking to smear Reagan have been presenting.

There were too many Republicans who were on the wrong side of the apartheid issue. Despite those who are abusing the death of a peacemaker to indulge their hatred of another former president, Ronald Reagan was not among them.