Notes

Surgical causes presenting as constipation such as bowel obstruction must be excluded. Other measures should be taken if possible to improve bowel function, e.g. reducing concurrent opiate dosage, starting enteral nutrition.

The agent of choice is lactulose.

Larger doses of lactulose are used in hepatic failure as the pH of the colonic contents is reduced; this lowers formation and absorption of ammonium ions and other nitrogenous products into the portal circulation. Proven benefit in patients has not been shown.

Did you ever think feeling angry and irritable could be a symptom of constipation? A horrible fullness and pressing sharp pains against the bladders can’t help but affect your mood. Sometimes you just want everyone to leave you alone and sleep to escape the pain. It is virtually impossible to be constipated and keep a sunny disposition. Follow the steps in this guide to alleviate constipation and lead a happier healthy life.