This paper attempts to place industrial foundations (IFs in the following; similar to trusts) in the tax system. An industrial foundation is a private foundation that holds a voting majority in a joint stock corporation. These IFs are probably more prevalent in Denmark than in any other country, and the paper starts by reviewing some stylized facts and figures for IFs in Denmark. Thereafter, it recalls basic desires as to the structure and logic in the tax system and demonstrates how they lead to a system akin to the ‘dual income tax’ system which has inspired tax reforms in the Nordic countries and elsewhere. This system implies clear consequences for the taxation of different types of income, labor income and capital income. However, as the outline of the system is based on the premise that “people pay taxes”, industrial foundations, having no personal owners, do not immediately fit in. So what to do? The paper explores the implications of treating IFs as high‐income earners (wealthy individuals) and draws the conclusion that in the current system, IFs are very leniently taxed relative to that benchmark. Lenient tax treatment relative to the norm is regularly interpreted as tax expenditures; the usual recommendation for such indirect subsidies is to render them direct by transferring them from the revenue to the expenditure side of the budget.

This paper aims at describing network dynamics through the lenses of modularity.
Different types of networks exist as ways of coping with the dynamics of industry
demands that are based on modular product architectures. In order to distinguish
between different types of mechanisms in which networks (operating with modular
product architectures may) evolve, two types of networks are introduced: ‘marketdriven
product architecture network’ (i.e., when the industrial network is driven by
product architecture that is controlled by the market) and ‘firm-driven product
architecture network’ (when the industrial network is driven by product architecture
that is controlled by the firm). The history of the technological development of
bicycle, since 1890s to 1990s, illustrates how the bicycle industry survived two cycles
of disaggregation-concentration.

This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the influence of knowledge senders’ willingness to share knowledge, their disseminative capacities and the knowledge-transfer opportunities they create on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. We develop a theoretical framework that examines the impacts of key knowledge-senders’ abilities and behaviors on the knowledge-transfer process. We test our theory using survey data collected from 199 South Korean IJVs. We find that the willingness of foreign parent firms to share knowledge is manifested in their efforts to increase their abilities to articulate and codify knowledge, and to apply those skills to the codification of knowledge relevant to their IJVs. A willingness to share knowledge also plays a role in increasing the opportunities for two-way interactions, especially face-to-face interactions between the parents and their IJVs. The impact of the abilities of foreign parent firms to articulate and codify knowledge for transfer is mediated by the efficacy of their organizational communication systems. We also find that the opportunities created for the transfer of explicit knowledge have a significant impact on such transfers. However, opportunities for transfer of tacit knowledge only have an impact when senders and receivers have similar products and technologies.

Purpose: This research explores the resilience domain, which is important in the field of supply chain
management; it investigates the effects relational competencies have for resilience and the effect
resilience, in turn, has on a supply chain’s customer value.
Design/methodology/approach: The research is empirical in nature and employs a confirmatory approach that builds on the relational
view as a primary theoretical foundation. It utilizes survey data collected from manufacturing firms
from three countries, which is analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Findings: It is found that communicative and cooperative relationships have a positive effect on resilience, while
integration does not have a significant effect. It is also found that improved resilience, obtained by
investing in agility and robustness, enhances a supply chain’s customer value.
Practical implications: Some findings contrast the expectations derived from theory. Particularly, practitioners can learn that
integration has a limited role in enhancing resilience.
Originality/value:
The study distinguishes between a proactive and reactive dimension of resilience: robustness and
agility. The relational view serves as the theoretical basis to explain the effects between three types of
relational competencies (communication, cooperation, and integration) and the above-mentioned two
dimensions of resilience.

Filer i denne post: 1

This paper develops a four sector equilibrium search and matching
model with informal sector employment opportunities and educational
choice. We show that underground activities reduce educational at-
tainments if informal employment opportunities mainly are available
to low educated workers. More zealous enforcement policy will in this
case improve educational incentives as it reduces the attractiveness of
remaining a low educated worker. Characterizing the optimal enforce-
ment policies, we nd that relatively more audits should be targeted
towards the sector employing low educated workers, elsewise a too low
stock of educated workers is materialized.

Filer i denne post: 1

Understanding Romance and Germanic Compounding in a Lexico-typological Perspective

Müller, Henrik Høeg(Frederiksberg, 2010)

[Flere oplysninger]

[Færre oplysninger]

Resume:

The title of my talk is “Informational balance. Understanding Romance and Germanic Compounding in a lexico-typological perspective”. What I basically mean by informational balance is that semantic content is distributed systematically differently between nouns and verbs in the Romance and Germanic languages, and that this distribution is complementary. I shall explain that in detail in a minute, but first I shall introduce you to the problem, which I believe can be explained on the basis of this idea about “informational balance”.

Filer i denne post: 1

Modern hearing aids use a variety of advanced digital signal processing methods in order to improve speech intelligibility. These methods are based on knowledge about the acoustics outside the ear as well as psychoacoustics. We present a novel observation based on the fact that acoustic prominence is not equal to information prominence for time intervals at the syllabic and sub-syllabic levels. The idea is that speech elements with a high degree of information can be robustly identified based on basic acoustic properties. We evaluated the correlation of (information rich) content words in the DanPASS corpus with fundamental frequency (F0) and spectral tilt across four frequency bands. Our results show a correlation of certain band-level differences and the presence of content words. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, a correlation between F0 and the presence of content words was found. The principle described here has the potential to improve the “information-to-noise” ratio in hearing aids. In addition, this concept may also be applicable in automatic speech recognition systems.

This dissertation studies the behavioral characteristics of participants engaged in information
exchange in the context of online communities. Online communities are
defined as collectives of individuals that use computer mediated communication to
facilitate interaction over a shared purpose and/or objective. It is argued that this
interaction creates externalities, for example, in the form of codified information that
others can use through web search tools. These externalities assemble a virtual form
of social capital, a commonly shared resource. The research objective of this thesis is
to examine how the behavioral tendencies of the participants in online communities
are affected by the way this common resource is formatted, administered and shared.
The dissertation consists of two parts: a theoretical part where the empirical background
and the object of research inquiry is highlighted, and an empirical part which
consists of four empirical studies carried out in the context of three online communities,
namely, Google Answers, Yahoo!Answers and Amazon Online Reviews. The
empirical part of this dissertation starts with a controlled experiment emulating a well
known social dilemma: the public goods game. It provides substance as to whether
and when participants in online communities behave (un) cooperatively. The next two
studies focus on a special case of online communities where participants ask questions
and other participants post answers conditionally on social and monetary incentives.
The results of these two studies confirm that community participants do care about the
contributions of others and engage in incentive compatible behavior. Yahoo!Answers
participants exercise effort in the community by posting answers to questions conditionally
on benefits provided by other participants. The empirical findings show that
contributing participants in an online community receive answers faster, while those
that do not contribute much effort are sanctioned in the form of longer response-time
to their questions. In Google Answers this thesis, interactions can be observed that are based on
monetary rewards (rather than social rewards in the form of a reputation index as in Yahoo Answers). Participants make use of voluntarily awarded payoffs (tips) along with
stated rewards, in order to motivate those that provide answers (answerers) to provide
better quality in their responses. The findings of this study confirm the symmetric effect
between monetary rewards and quality. However, this study also identifies cases
where social norms have a significant effect on response behavior. When participants
seek to get better service with less effort (in terms of total cost), a reputation index
which is constructed by the history of their previous interactions supports such an attempt.
In other words, reputation history influences information sharing behavior in
online communities.
The last chapter of the empirical part focuses on another crucial aspect of information
as a shared resource: Clarity and understandability. The study examines online
product reviews on Amazon.com. The results suggest that participants do care about
the clarity of this codified form of experience which increases a helpfulness index
accordingly.
The thesis overall finds symmetric effects between participation in online communities
and output of interaction, but also identifies the ability of the participants to
interact strategically as they seek to minimize the effort they provide in order to find
the information they seek. The results underline the importance of signaling and quality
evaluation mechanisms as counter-balancing control that can enhance activity on
online communities.

In the economics literature, various views on the likely (efficiency) effects of information exchange,
communication between firms and market transparency present themselves. Often these views on
information flows are highly conflicting. On the one hand, it is argued that increased information
dissemination improves firm planning to the benefit of society (including customers) and/or allows
potential customers to make the right decisions given their preferences. On the other hand, the
literature also suggests that increased information dissemination can have significant coordinating or
collusive potential to the benefit of firms but at the expense of society at large (mainly, potential
customers). In this chapter, we try to make sense of these views, with the aim of presenting some
simple lessons for antitrust practice. In addition, the chapter presents some cases, from both sides of
the Atlantic, where informational issues have played a significant role.

The proliferation of Internet technologies in the workspace provides tremendous possibilities
for knowledge workers to access vast amounts of information from a large number of sources.
The information abundance offers new opportunities which empower the knowledge worker
but at the same time may create information overload. This study explores academics’
information management practices, by applying a theoretical framework build on three
theoretical perspectives. These involve mindfulness, sense-making, and decision-making
heuristics. The theoretical framework is used to analyse diary data about three tasks: email
management, communication with colleagues, and information search. Our findings show
that the knowledge workers have developed their own relatively simple but seemingly suitable
practices for dealing with information overload and being empowered from the abundant
information available to them. The relative amateurism and professionalism of the
participants are discussed and limitations of this study as well as areas for future research
are delineated.

Filer i denne post: 1

This WP lays the empirical foundations for the development of the CASMACAT workbench.
A series of experiments will establish basic facts about translator behaviour in computer-aided
translation, focusing on the use of visualisation option and input modalities. Another series of
studies will deal with individual di erences in translation, in particular translator types and
translation styles.
The initial report deals with translation types and styles, text types and reading model
adapted for machine translated texts. It covers the rst periode of Tasks 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5. The
deliverable is structured into three sections which bie
y summarize the work and an appendix
which contains more detailed information about the produced material and a number of papers.
An experimental setup (see section 2.1) and a questionnaire (see section 1.1) was designed to
obtain consistent data from various translators in di erent languages under similar conditions.
Translation data was collected in several locations (section 2.2) and assembled into a TPR
database, as described in section 1.2. Preliminary studies were conducted to investigate post-
editing and translation styles (section 1.3). Translation data was also collected in the rst
casmacat eld trial. The assessment is provided in Deliverable d6.1. Section 3 describes the
rst Edinburgh Eyetracking experiment while the Appendix contains furter material.

Filer i denne post: 1

Lessons learned from testing a prototype combining talent development and leadership innovation in a Scandinavian hospital setting

Ingerslev, Karen; Bjørn, Kasper; Johansen, Jørgen(, 2012)

[Flere oplysninger]

[Færre oplysninger]

Resume:

This paper addresses the potential clash between the “non-failure” culture of the hospital and
the “fail-fast-forward” approach of innovation by sharing and analysing narratives from a
field study of innovation processes. The case is a large university hospital in Scandinavia and
the health care sector in general is outlined as context of the challenges addressed by the innovation
processes. The narratives fall into three overlapping categories; the product, the
process and the culture of innovation. Regarding the product of innovation, we outline the
lessons learned about tensions created by ambitions of radical innovation in a public sector
context, challenged by the idea of small-scale experiments and the participant’s feelings of
inferiority. As for the process of innovation: we share the lessons learned about how linear
and non-linear thinking affects the process of innovation. Addressing the culture of innovation,
we discuss the lessons learned from working with a prototype testing approach in a system
characterized by an evidence-based non-failure culture. Finally we summarize the lessons
learned and share concluding perspectives.

Filer i denne post: 1

This article studies the theoretical and applied development of the creative economy. There exists many definitions of creative industries, creative economy and experience economy, all dealing with the same core problematic. It is why it is chosen in this article to talk about the creative economy complex. The ideas to the different elements in the complex have been developed over the last 20 years. A conclusion on experience economy and creative industries is presented on page 7. It is followed by a presentation of how the creative economy complex has been applied in the Baltic Sea Countries and by a section on the development of the creative economy complex after the financial crisis in 2008.
It is found that the complex and its development has been closely related to the business cycle development, implying that the complex from being a general theory in times with positive business cycle development has changed to become more specific and integrated into marketing, regional economy and innovation theory when the business cycle changes to recession and when state debt becomes a main economic problem.

Over the past few years, the tourist industry has come to be recognised as a way of providing strategic support for sustainable local business development. In this article we attempt to define an appropriate innovation concept in relation to tourism on the basis of an attractor principle. We then discuss the concept of entrepreneurship in connection with tourism, looking at its significance in its relationship with local business development, thereby positing the premise of social entrepreneurship. This frame of reference is used in five cases in the analysis. The analysis shows that it is possible to innovate and draw up plans for new attractors but that it is considerably more difficult to convert these plans into reality through social entrepreneurship. The conclusion is that we need to focus upon organisation of semi-public tourist organisations, if we want tourism to promote local business development.