First Principles of Instruction

Table of Contents

Demonstration Principle

Application Principle

Task-Centered Principle

Activation Principle

Integration Principle

Demonstration Principle

The Demonstration principle is appropriate for concept classification
(kinds of), carrying out a procedure (how-to), and predicting consequences
or finding faulted conditions in the execution of a process (what-happens)
(Merrill, 2009, in Reigeluth & Carr-Chellman).

Application Principle

Learning is promoted when learners engage in application of their
newly acquired knowledge or skill that is consistent with the type of
content being taught.

Learning from an application is effective only when learners receive
intrinsic or corrective feedback.

Learning from an application is enhanced when learners are coached
and when the coaching is gradually withdrawn for each subsequent task.