3 Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends! We are happy to present, for the first time, an English language version of our annual report showing the activities and achievements of the Krzyżowa Foundation for Mutual Understanding in Europe. In this special case we present the anniversary report 2009, which is representative for our organisation as it refers to the beginnings of our organisation in 1989 and shows the essentials of our regular activities carried on in the future. We are proud to present how we realise our mission of supporting peaceful and tolerant coexistence of nations, social groups and individuals in Europe. In order to do this we have brought over people together during the past 20 years, coming from many nations. In Krzyżowa they were given space to talk and share their views of the world. We take the idea of varied people meeting one another as the basis for the development and support of a civil society in Europe. The Krzyżowa Foundation has its seat on the premises of the former residence of Helmuth James von Moltke s family in Lower Silesia, which previously belonged to Germany and since 1945 has lain in Poland. In Nazi times, a German resistance group The Kreisau Circle operated here. In opposition to the dictatorship, risking their own lives, the members of the group planned a democratic and peaceful Germany that would be integrated with the rest of Europe. The Krzyżowa Foundation is based upon this tradition and the ideas of the resistance movement; it is non-conformism and moral courage. We relate to the experience of opposition against dictatorships in Central and Eastern Europe. The forerunners of the Foundation, West and East Germans, Poles, Americans and the Dutch, wanted to make this place center of European understanding. When the Berlin Wall fell, a Polish-German Mass of Reconciliation was celebrated in Krzyżowa. The governments of Poland and Germany welcomed the initiative to create a meeting place here. In 2009 we celebrated the 20th anniversary of this historical change. We hope that this report gives you an idea of what Krzyzowa is like and we cordially invite you to visit our place and get into touch with us. We are interested in new partnerships and cooperations in all fields of our activities. Board of Directors Annemarie Franke Rafał Borkowski

4 The Jubilee Year of the Krzyżowa Foundation for Mutual 2009 Understanding in Europe It was a year of many significant anniversaries. Some were sad and painful, like the 70th anniversary of the outbreak of the Second World War, but there were also more cheerful ones, including the 20th anniversary of the Round Table Talks in Poland, the appointment of the first non-communist government in the Eastern Bloc, headed by Prime Minister Mazowiecki, and the anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall. At the Krzyżowa Foundation we were celebrating our own jubilees. The anniversary of the first international conference devoted to Helmuth James von Moltke and to the Kreisau Circle took place when people came to that declining village at the end of the world to get a feel for the place and to learn about the work needed to revive Krzyżowa and it s ideas. The Reconciliation Mass, which brought the Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki and he German Chancellor Helmut Kohl together in Krzyżowa on 12 November The service is regarded as a break through for the relationship between the newly independent Poland and the soon to be reunited Germany. Prior to these events, Poles and Germans had gone through the difficult process of building their citizens awareness and working towards mutual reconciliation. The Krzyżowa Foundation, with its mission of working towards a peaceful coexistence of nations, is one of the fruits of this process and of the Autumn of Nations in To commemorate these events the Foundation organised a series of events held locally and in Warsaw. Our goal was to commemorate the past, but also to stimulate thoughts about the future. During this eventful year, we wanted especially to meet again the founders of the Foundation, its former employees, initiators of projects and friends of Krzyżowa in order to show them what the Foundation had become, what projects had taken place here and how much it had changed during the previous twenty years. We also wanted to thank our donors, partner organisations and politicians for their interest and involvement in the development of Krzyżowa. In an effort to avoid focusing just on people who already knew Krzyżowa we decided to reach out to young people who might be interested in the programmes we facilitate. To meet these various requirements we decided that the jubilee events needed to be divided into three groups, which are briefly summarised in the following sections. In March, we held a series of panel meetings devoted to topics covered by the Foundation at the History Meeting House in Warsaw. We began with an exhibition entitled On 11 December 2009, a fragment of the Berlin Wall was unveiled at Krzyżowa. The event had been initiated by Marshal of the Polish Sejm Bronisław Komorowski and President of the German Bundestag Prof. Norbert Lammert. The monument which was put up in Krzyżowa commemorates the Polish contribution to the transformations of 1989: the fall of the Berlin Wall and the historical Reconciliation Mass of 20 years ago. The unveiling of the monument finished the Polish-German parliamentary celebrations of the 20th anniversary of the peaceful revolution in Central and Eastern Europe. 4

5 20th Anniversary of the Reconciliation Mass. Over 1000 guests gathered for the ceremony held under an elegant tent. From the right: Tadeusz Mazowiecki, former Polish Prime Minister, Rafal Jurkowlaniec, Voivod of Lower Silesia, Michael H. Gerdts, Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany in Warsaw, Marek Prawda, Ambassador of Poland in Berlin, Stanislaw Tillich, Prime Minister of Sachsony and Marek Łapiński, Marshal of the Lower Silesian Voivodship. Rejecting Lies. From the History of Opposition and Resistance Movements in the 20th Century, and a panel discussion devoted to the role of youth exchange in the process of civil and historical education in Europe. Mr. Krzysztof Stanowski, Deputy Minister of National Education, kindly accepted the role of chair of the panel. The panellists, who included Piotr Cywiński, the Director of the Auschwitz- Birkenau Museum, Stephan Erb, Director of the German- Polish Youth Office, Jan Piekło, Head of the Warsaw Office of the Foundation of Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation, Jerzy Rejt, Head of the Warsaw Office of the Jan Nowak Jeziorański Eastern Europe College, and Rafał Borkowski, Director of the Krzyżowa Foundation for Mutual Understanding in Europe, held a discussion on how the Polish-German experience could be further employed for the development of civil societies in Eastern Europe. There were also meetings devoted to the central idea of the Krzyżowa Foundation, to its operations and to the role of opposition against Nazism and Communism: about internal resistance to dictatorships, about the ethos of opposition, the tradition of resistance and opposition in Germany, Poland and the Soviet Bloc. The Warsaw-based jubilee events were completed by workshops on how remembrance is placed Polish-German relations. The entire Warsaw part of our activities, especially the practical workshops, found eager participants in young people who share a genuine interest in the discussed topics. As a result, we organised an extensive training agenda for teachers and trainers of historical projects dealing with Polish-German relations in November The jubilee workshops were held at the History Meeting House in Warsaw. For friends of the Krzyżowa Foundation the highlight of the year was the jubilee conference with the title 20 Years of the Krzyżowa Foundation for the New Europe. While organising this event we stressed two aspects: firstly, to attract supporters of our ideas to Krzyżowa, and secondly, to open up to the local community and invite them to celebrate with us. The jubilee programme ended with the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Reconciliation Mass at Krzyżowa. On 12 November, the jubilee mass was preceded by two events: a meeting of former Prime Minister Mazowiecki with youth in the Church of Peace in Świdnica and a ceremony to unveil a plaque commemorating the historical. Reconciliation Mass of 12 November Finally, the time came for the Jubilee Reconciliation Mass celebrated by Archbishop Alfons Nossol, who had ministered already 20 years ago and was aided by the Archbishop of Wrocław Marian Gołębiewski and the Bishop of Świdnica Ignacy Dec. Sadly, Chancellor Helmut Kohl was not able to participate due to health problems. Just like 20 years before, Archbishop Nossol delivered a homily that spoke to the heart and the mind. The jubilee Reconciliation Mass was intended to mark the closing of the celebrations of the 20th Anniversary of the Krzyżowa Foundation, but it was not to be. On 11 December, the Marshal of the of the Polish Sejm, Bronisław Komorowski, and the President of the German Bundestag, Prof. Norbert Lammert, unveiled a fragment of the Berlin Wall at Krzyżowa. This symbolical gesture put the final touch to the 20th anniversary of the peaceful revolution in Central and Eastern Europe. 5

6 The contribution of young people in the process of citizen and historical education in contemporary Europe. How can the Polish-German experience be used for cooperating on the development of civil societies in Eastern Europe? 13 March History Meeting House in Warsaw On the 20th anniversary of the Krzyżowa Foundation, we decided to carry out a series of events in Warsaw to promote our activities. Non-formal education and projects carried out independently from the school schedule, the Foundation s core area of activity, remain a relatively new topic that requires additional discussion with wider audiences. We chose this topic for an opening session of a series of meetings at the History Meeting House in Warsaw. The Ministry of Education was our partner in the panel discussion, and the Deputy Minister Mr. Krzysztof Stanowski, kindly agreed to chair. The panellists included: Rafał Borkowski, Director of the Krzyżowa Foundation, Piotr Cywiński, Director of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum, Stephan Erb, Director of the German-Polish Youth Office, Marek Ziółkowski, Head of the Development Cooperation Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Jerzy Rejt, Head of the Warsaw Office of the Jan Nowak Jeziorański Eastern Europe College. The discussion started with an attempt to answer the question concerning the achievements of the last two decades in youth exchange. Mr. Rafał Borkowski, Director of the Krzyżowa Foundation, started by giving a definition of the civil and historical education which had evolved over the previous 20 years. In the early 1990s, when the Foundation was established, just as many other, similar organisations, youth exchange was discovered as an excellent format for pursuing goals such as facilitating cooperation between nations, reconciliation and international dialogue. Attitudes towards historical education displayed by young people in meetings were completely different to those voiced in school classrooms. Jerzy Rejt advocated providing a summary of past achievements in youth exchange and deeper consideration of whether all the experiences gathered in civil education were transferable to Eastern Europe. Poland, he said, was a perfect bridge and a place where the experience in developing Polish-German relations could be adapted and offered in a highly flexible format to our Eastern partners. One must remember that a crucial aspect of this cooperation must be its long-term perspective and the principle of equality. On the one hand, he added, we need the political determination to pursue such projects, on the other hand, there is a strong need for independent involvement of non-governmental players. Jerzy Rejt thought that young Belarusians, Ukrainians and Russians visiting Poland could rebuild their relationships and destroy old stereotypes by interacting with their Polish peers. Jerzy Rejt pointed out an important aspect which had to be remembered while building Polish relations with its Eastern partners, namely to show today s Poland, a member of the European Union which has carried out multiple reforms of its system. These experiences are highly interesting for our partners from Eastern Europe, and their refreshed view of Poland is of utmost importance if they are to arouse an interest and a need for stronger relations with the country. Krzysztof Ziółkowski presented a rather pessimistic scenario of a future institutionalised youth exchange between Poland and Ukraine. He said that direct contacts were best in breaking stereotypes, but he could not think of a specific landmark idea that could inspire politicians to finance this kind of cooperation. Additionally, in his opinion, the current political and economic crisis in Ukraine did not create the right climate for this kind of initiative. Stephan Erb used statistics to illustrate the current status of Polish-German youth exchange. His organisation, the German-Polish Youth Office, provided support to more than 3600 Polish-German events annually, involving more than young people, mostly aged between 12 and 26. During the previous year, more than 10% of the projects supported by the organisation involved a third country as a partner. Increasingly, these partners came from Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. The events included fora, trainings, seminars for teachers and trainers with third countries. However the GPYO is not allowed to run projects outside of Poland or Germany, and for this reason even if youths from third countries participate in projects, they will never be on fully equal terms with the Poles and Germans, because they will not be able to invite participants from other countries to revisit. Stephan Erb also addressed the need mentioned by Krzysztof Ziółkowski: to have some lofty goal to inspire youth exchange. Mr. Erb did not think that youth exchange was about reconciliation and crossing historical divides, but about getting to know each other, spending time together and taking this as an opportunity to perform some specific tasks together. With the benefit of the experience of numerous completed projects, one could naturally say that their combined effect had been a contribution to the Polish- German reconciliation. Panellists in the History Meeting House in Warsaw 6

7 Piotr Cywiński discussed the importance of where these meetings of young people took place. The Auschwitz Museum was, in his opinion, a difficult place for dialogue or reconciliation: Firstly, it has its inherent historical difficulty. It remains a difficult place to be even if you have spent several years there on an almost daily basis, let alone if you only visit for a day or a few. Secondly, it is an emotionally difficult place. Being there, one tends to ask oneself many questions that are even difficult to formulate, questions that surface at that place in the form of anxieties and fears of an anthropological or civilisation-type nature. For this reason dialogue is not really something that would be very much present there. Often, people imagine Auschwitz as a place for dialogue where everybody meets and talks together, groups of visitors arrive and walk together in some kind of marches of the living, etc., etc. It is not quite like that. Really. This is much more a place where young people are silent. And if anyone plans a youth meeting at Auschwitz and wants to put in it an aspect of dialogue of a Polish-German reunion this is almost only German groups and almost never Polish groups. I am talking about people who initiate such dialogue, who ask whether they could meet afterwards and talk. It is interesting. The Auschwitz Museum Director implied that a pivotal civilisational change was taking place because the grandparents of the young people visiting Auschwitz were born after the war. For these young people, WW2 history was no longer their own intimate and family history. It is generally recognised that family history normally reaches back as far as that of the grandparents, and that people know little about their earlier ancestors. These young people experience a visit to Auschwitz from today s global point of view. Watching these dark pages of history, they realise the effort made after the war to build international systems of cooperation and they appreciate their role and actions. The chair, Mr. Krzysztof Stanowski, concluded the panel speeches by referring to two of the points made. Firstly, in the case of the content of youth exchange and the expressed need to give it objectives and priorities. He wondered how much agreement there would have been without an institutional format as the German-Polish Youth Office and without additional programmes and financing. Secondly, question was how to build an infrastructure of cooperation in, for example, Polish-Ukrainian relations. Do we really need to build structures similar to those of the Polish-German exchange, and if so, how should we build them and where should they operate? Dr. Cywiński said that education had brought about many positive changes with it in the recent years. Rafał Borkowski returned to youth exchange as a form of education. In his opinion, it would be very difficult to transfer the Polish-German experience directly to other countries without paying attention to the financial and organisational depth required. In Polish-German relations there were many various factors at work in the past that had helped achieve success and broad access to youth exchange between the two countries. The first such factor was that the normalisation of bilateral relationships was aided by many different organisations, including church institutions and schools (even prior to German reunification), and as a result the unified Germany was interested in normalising its relations with its eastern neighbour, which included large financial resources invested in this activity. Today, the two governments contribute proportionally to the maintenance of the German-Polish Youth Office, which spends its budget on youth exchange. Applying for aid is incredibly easy, and the availability of subsidies is practically universal. Schools and teachers have dared to start partnership relations and undertaken projects together. Rafał Borkowski then said that in Polish-Ukrainian or Polish-Belarusian relations there were no such motivations to act and to undertake institutional cooperation. In his summary, Minister Krzysztof Stanowski pointed to a mechanism that financed NGOs and had been introduced a few years back. The possibility of donating 1% of income tax on donations to specific charities teaches citizens responsibility and involvement and provides a source of funding for exchanges with the East. Right picture - from the left: Wojciech Wieczorek (former Polish Ambassador to East Germany after 1989), Krzysztof Stanowski (Deputy Minister of Education), Maryna Czaplińska (coordinator of the Krzyżowa Jubilee in Warsaw) and Anna Michalak-Pawłowska (member of Krzyżowa s Supervisory Board)

8 5-7 June 2009: Krzyżowa: 20 years for the New Europe The Jubilee Conference on the 20th Anniversary of the Krzyżowa Foundation for Mutual Understanding in Europe Anniversary conferences tend to be special. Mostly they bring people together after many years and provide an opportunity for them to talk to each other, listen to memories, express gratitude for what has been achieved and make plans for the future. This is also how it was at Krzyżowa in The conference Krzyżowa: 20 years for the New Europe was a meeting of friends, partners, former and present employees and a circle of people invariably attracted by Krzyżowa. The turn out was strong, with old and young, locals and people from overseas all represented. The conference started with a closed session focussing on the Foundation s completed projects and future challenges. The session was opened by members of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the International Foundation Board Walter Heist and Professor Władysław Narkiewicz, representing the Wrocław chapter of the Club of Catholic Intelligentsia, a founding member of the Foundation. The welcome addresses, warm and full of anecdotes, provided a perfect introduction to the keynote speech by Krzysztof Czyżewski, Head of the Borderland Foundation of Sejny and recognised as Bridge-Builder. He explored the topic of borderlands, the spirituality of places, mutual understanding across borders despite different cultures and traditions, and the role of Europe in bringing together people and creating new values based on dialogue and mutual respect. The political context was contributed by a discussion panel where thoughts were shared by Polish MP Marek Krząkała, German MP and Chairman of the Polish-German Parliamentary Group Markus Meckel, and Professor Gesine Schwan, the German Government Representative for Polish-German Relations. The debate was chaired by Dr. Klaus Bachmann, an academic and columnist specialising in Polish-German affairs. The Foundation is lucky in combining numerous achievements with a history that is short enough to still be able to reminisce with our founders about the dreams they had in Communist Poland: creating a, then undefined, organisation that would work on for understanding between nations. During the conference, Ms. Ewa Unger, our long-time Chair of the Board, was interviewed by Isabelle Loewe and Piotr Janikowski, from the second generation of Krzyżowa activists. Ms. Unger knew exactly what to tell the enthralled audience about the beginning of the Krzyżowa Foundation. Twenty years ago nobody knew what kind of an organisation they were building, how it would develop, how it would look and operate and whether it had any future at all. The assets they found at the village comprised a manor house complex and a state farm, then in a state of slow decay. Not an optimistic start. This discussion was introduced by a speech by Dr. Rudolf Urban about Günter Särchen, an eminent educator and activist for Polish-German mutual understanding after WW2 and participant in the early foundation meetings of the emerging Foundation. The second day of the conference was highly diverse, with open discussions, joint reminiscences, play and deeper reflection. The ecumenical service in the newly refurbished St. Michael s Church in Krzyżowa, led by the Catholic Father Fuksa and the Protestant Minister Hanna Manser, added to this diverse programme. The Świdnica municipality authorities gave us a jubilee surprise by naming the old road between Krzyżowa and the road to Świdnica Aleja Czereśniowa Cherry Tree Avenue as it was called before WW2. Prior to the launching of the Jubilee Festival, the Foundation offered various workshops. These were conducted by Re- Panellists during the Jubilee Conference. From the left: Krzysztof Czyżewski, Marek Krząkała, prof. Klaus Bachmann, prof. Gesine Schwan and Markus Meckel Friends, supporters and guests of Krzyżowa during the Jubilee Conference 8

9 Musical show for kids The artistic group from Melchiorsgrund nata Bardzik-Miłosz and Sabine Schmalzried-Ptak, Project Managers at the International Youth Meeting Center; Agnieszka von Zanthier, Director of the Freya von Moltke Foundation; Oliver Engelhardt, a former volunteer of Krzyżowa; Mark Huessy, member of the International Foundation Board. People with an interest in arts attended a workshop conducted by Jakub Łukowski, Jan Kirchhoff and Anna Malinowski. You could also take a tour of the manor house guided by Jacek Koralewski, a man involved in rebuilding Krzyżowa since the very beginning, and by Jürgen Telschow, who is a very active member of the foundation and holds several positions in its authorities. Important place of the Festival were teepee tents lent to us in the case of rain by our partners from Melchiorsgrund. The jazz-folk band from Georgia The tents housed a kids paradise: face painting, competitions, building machines, shooting eggs, preparing balloons to let them in the air and watching the Jubilee News team prepare their paper in a corner. The Festival stage hosted one concert after the other: the primary school of Grodziszcze, the Exceed dance company, a show based on part of the show Good Time by Ernst Barlach performed by a group from Melchiorsgrund with actors from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo; there was also a capoeira show, and the evening was enriched by a concert by the Zakaz Wjazdu! band. One popular highlight was a guided tour with tales of Krzyżowa of 150 years ago told by the Field Marshal (Dominik Kretschmann), and of Krzyżowa 20 years ago with Monika Szurlej. In the quiet of the manor we showed films connected to Krzyżowa, and in our specially set up Café Historia, in the Granary, offered a place for people to talk about their personal experiences of 1989 and how that landmark year influenced their future. Later in the evening, Spanish rhythms took over, with the Chris & Jarema Duo: Krzysztof Pełech and Jarema Klich playing classical guitars. Their show was followed by a Georgian one with Paat Andriadz (piano), Nodar Ekvtimishvili (bass) and George Salagishvili (drums, percussion), along with a very popular guest singer from Georgia, Nato Metanidze. On the morning of the third day, a discussion took place on the current issues and activities of the Foundation. We screened an excellent film by Hellmut Schlingensiepen, which was moving but at the same time made the audience laugh. The film was based on an interview with Freya von Moltke recorded at her American home in Norwich, Vermont in summer Sunday was the time to say goodbye, but there was no melancholy in it, as we knew we would meet again before long at Krzyżowa! 9

10 From Kreisau to Krzyżowa. An Award for a Sustainable Cooperation and Mutual Understanding in Europe The high point of the Conference was the awarding ceremony of the From Kreisau to Krzyżowa Award of the Krzyżowa Foundation for a Sustainable Cooperation and Mutual Understanding in Europe. For the first time, we selected a person from outside the Foundation for activities that we deemed close to the idea of Krzyżowa. We wanted to honour a person who had worked consistently at grassroots level, building a civil society in Central Europe, and who saw the needs of this region and was able to respond to them with adequate measures. The Award Panel chose Darius Polak to be this person and gave the following reason: A European of the West and the East, emotional and rational, spontaneous and prudent; he fully embodies the needs and potential of the third sector. The laudation for Darius Polok was delivered by Dr. Ulrich Bopp, a former long-time member of the management of the Robert Bosch Foundation and the Remembrance, Responsibility and Future Foundation. The Krzyżowa Foundation perceives school exchange as one of its important activities, and for this reason we awarded school partnerships: lasting, creative and committed to bringing together youth from different cultures. The award went to a partnership of three schools: Altkönigschule Kronberg, Deutsche Schule Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Gimnazjum in Pszenno. The laudation for this partnership was prepared by Stephan Erb, Director of the Polish-German Youth Office. The awards were presented by Leon Kieres, member of the Polish Senate, who spoke about the importance of social involvement and ongoing citizen initiatives. The winners received prints which were designed for this special occasion by Anna Emilianova of Belaurs, our fellow. They are meant to remind them of Krzyżowa and of the good spirits surrounding everybody here. The event was accompanied by a string quartet from The Young Sound Forum of Central Europe, a long-term partner of the Foundation. Dr. Ulrich Bopp holding laudation in Krzyżowa Price holders from the German School Las Palmas de Gran Canaria I have been visiting Krzyżowa with my pupils from Gran Canaria since I have learned much here and I always met wonderful people. My incessant motivation to keep these visits going is based on the joy and awe of my pupils when they discover Krzyżowa. This wave of enthusiasm for this beautiful place and fascinating meetings of young people has always impressed me and is bound to continue to do so. Henning Zeidler, teacher from the school in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 10

11 We would like to thank our Friends and Partners who helped to fill the Conference programme with interesting events as well as the organisations which gave their support: The Świdnica Municipality for everything: their patronage, the Cherry Tree Avenue, their congratulations and beautiful roses The Świdnica Poviat Authorities for their financial backing The Freya von Moltke Foundation for the New Kreisau, for their financial backing The Town of Świdnica for the use of the houses The Polish-German Cooperation Foundation for their financial backing Kreisau-Initiative for the dream gift of a table football set Świdnica Culture Centre for lending their stage The Grodziszcze Primary School for the kids performance The Capoiera Group for their performance The Exceed Group and Dorożkarnia for their workshops and performance The Melchiorsgrund Group for handling the artistic side of each item on the agenda and for the invaluable teepees The Young Sound Forum of Central Europe for their music during the award ceremony Zakaz Wjazdu band for the warm-up concert VWD for their cooperation The Mayor of Grodziszcze for the animal display Jurek Kuś for the carriage! The Church of Peace in Świdnica, the memoria project, Kreisau-Initiative and the Freya von Moltke Foundation, The Village Houesewives Club of Bojanowice and the company Zapachy do szafy for making their presentations to our guests The Polish Red Cross for their readiness to rescue people The Scouting Organisation for the field kitchen The people of Krzyżowa and Grodziszcze for preparing the church. Reconciliation Mass 11

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