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I .Y
Vol. VI. 'WEDNESDAY MORNI.NG, JUNE 1, 18170.No2.
THE HERALD
IS 1'UDLISHED
EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING,
At Newberry C. 1L,
By Thos, I. & R. H. Gronokor,
. Editors and Propriotors.
%sa t' P 9 c1,1s1-,
Invariably in Advance.
im Thr, apor is sto{ped at thi0 expiration of
ino for w tich It Is paid
The mark denotes expiration of sub
aor ption.
CARBOLIC ACID.
WITII SOME OF ITS USES TO FARM
ERS, GARDENERS, AND OTHERS,
POINTED OUT.
IBY 0. EMERSON, M. I).
Among the rich discoveries
made by the able chemists of' the
preosent ag(,, are two kindred sub
stancos--"Kreosote," by IReichon
bach, and Carbolic Acid, by Rungo,
'both German chemists. "Creosote,"
(as it is generally spelled in this
country.) was obtained by Reichon
.bach from the distilled products of
wood-whilst Carbolic Acid was
subsequcntly obtained by Runge
from tar distilled from bituminous
coal.
From many points of resem
blanco between the two, Car
bolic Acid is sometimos called Cre
osoto of Coal, to distinguish it
from Creosote obtainod from
wood. But tho two substances
.differ essentially in many of their
-characteristies and properties.
It is from common gas tar-a
cheap rofuso in which it abounds
-that most of the carbolic acid is
made. In a pure state it exists in
solid white crystals, which bo
come liquid at a temperaturo of
ninety-five degrees Fahrenheit.
It is very abundantly manufac
'tured in a liquid form, the strength
of which is little less than that of
the puro crystals.
Carbolic or Phonic acid has been
found capable of' subserving a
wido rango of utility, and in many
of its adaptatations ministers to
the requiroments of agriculturists.
To some of these I propose to in
vite you attention ; and first :
Its use in protecting trees and
plants from destructive para:sites.
In view of' the destructive action
exerted upl)on insects, the highest
French authorities have pronoun
cd-T' Acide 'henique, as they
call it-the most powerful insecti
cide cn.)yn.
The pure and concentratod <
forms in which this sUbstance is I
kept For sale, are very caustic, and
for ordi nary purtposes require
great diu tion. Water wiill ontly 4
t ake up anid hold in solution five
per cent.., which thecreforoe for'ms ai
saturiated soluttioni. Bu~it whencm it
is to be applied to te leaves,
b)uds, and tenidor par'ts of' plait s,
te saturtated soluti ions must be
greatly reduced in strecngtht. so as
to cont ain onmly a 1-1000this or1<
2-1000ths Ilart. pTe fir st ptropor'-<
tin woutldi be maude by addintg a
about 01n0 (drachml, ori albout onie
cornmmon toasp~)onful to thle L'nl on a
of w'ater. A strentgth of' 2-1000)ths
part would be about half a d rachm I
01' half a tea-spoon ful, to the gal
lon.
A gr'eat manty experimentts havoe
been mdwit h 11 W i soluiitionsi of' vary
itn' s'treng"' th, ini ordler to find( ho'w
much plants c'an boari ini attemp lts i
to rid them of' their insect para- i'
siteos. Solutionts of' carbolic acidh
ini water', of' thto str'ongth of' one
thousandtith parit (or about one
dIraichm of' pnro' acid to theogallon,)<
may be safel.'ly a p plied to all par'ts
of' plants, ihle floweris excepted(.
Thsmay be done by means of' a
common wvater'ing-p)ot, or' w~hat is<
still better', a zyringe w"it h a r'oso
jet-.
The eggs of' many insects foundi
on the bar'k and br'anchcs of' plaitts
and trees can generially be de-t
str'oyedl by a solutioni~ contlainintg ai
half' por' con t., the pr'opor1tiont of I
the puroe acid to the gallon. Thtis
inmut be c'opiously used, so as to 1
wvet the f'ol iago, but applied by 7
moans of' a br'ush or' mop, dIrawnit
alotg to branchtos, oez1eially the <
lower' side of' thtoso, whei-o they
eggs of' cattorpillar's aroe goneralily
Yh len tho eggs hatch out, thoe
lar'va or wormils may be destr'oyedt
inm few minutes, by applying to I
them a satur-ated solutioni of' five
p)er ccit., atnd less promptly byt
rep)eate(d apiplicationls of' a sol- I
tion conttaininmg only one 1por cent.
Bunt car'e must be taken not to
wet thte foliage or' ten der' par'ts of'y
the troeos or pilants, in applying
lie last named solutions. F or I
this rea:son, wintor, whten the f'o- a
ligo so would be tile bost sea-r
son to cffeoct the dIestructiont of toe
eggs of insects, t
Another way of redlucintg the t
str'ength of the puroe acid, so as to
roendor' it a saf'o application for'
purposes in whieh it is 1used, is j
the introduetion into soaps, Somoe
of those ar'e of a coarse char'acteor,
suitable for dissolving and mak- ~
ing into washes for application to f
trees andl p)lantVs. Otheors are of a
finer quality, well suitedi for laun-r
driy putrposes ; and some still more I
refined and ar'omatized, are for f
toilet use.c
All of these car'bolized or'phonic- I
atedl priepar'ations ar'o now manu- i
factur'ed in this cit,y, and may be (
got at moder'ate picos by farmners, f
gar'denors, or othier persons, witht
tection of' trooes or plants against
insocts, and( man and boast against,
entaneous affections amnd animal
paaie,they ar'e invaluable, as:<
veli as for' their doteorgent proper'
Tho pure acid is also on salo at
most of the drug stores, being ox
tensively manufactured in labora
tories in this city. The retail
price in the common liquid form
is from 85 cent to $1 per pound
bottle.
Various powders are also pro
pared for destroying and driving
away insects and vermin of all
kinds-ants, roaches, flies, moths,
mice and rats-all of which are
destroyed or driven away by the
vapor of carbolic acid.
Another remarkable power pos
sessed by carbolic acid, is that of
preservin,g organic matters from
mould and decay. All spontano
ous decay and destruction or do
composition of vegetable and ani
mal matters is effected through
the processes of fermentation and
putrofaction. These processes can
not go on when carbolic acid is
present in the minutest quantity.
In an experiment made by Dr.
Lcmairo, of Paris, 15 grammes of
yeast, well mixed with wator con
taining a saturated solution of
-arbolic acid (5 per cont.,) had
tdded to it 150 grammes of water
tweetened with sugar. Notwith
3tanling the prevalence of warm
weather (77 deg. P.,) there was
not the slightest appearance of
(ermentation, after eight days ex
posure to the air.
Other experiments exhibited
timilar results, after much longer
ceeping, the forment during aU
,ho timo being powerless.
Meat has been kept in close ves
3ols and closets with only the va
)or of carbolic acid rising from
vide-mouthed, open bottles and
lishes. The meat remained sound
md free from any signs of putre
action during many weeks in
varm weather.
Animal matters of every kind,
;uch as flesh, blood, urinous and
ocal excretions, when in the most
)flonsive states of putrefaction,
lave had this process imm(liately
hecked by a small addition of
arbolic acid, which produced
heir doodoration. The introduc
ion into an inkatand of a very
ninute quantity of carbolic acid
1-1000 part) will effectually pro.
rent mould and preserve the ink
nt a condition to flow readily. All
ho infusorio, whether monads,
'ibrious or other lower organiza
.ions, so abundant in substances
lndergoing the fermentive and
)trefactivo processes, are imlc
liately dostroyed by contact with
rarbolic acid. Hence the great
ldvantages to comfort and healt h
hieb may be derived from the
ipplication of this substance to
inks, foul stables and manure
leaps. It may be proper to ob
Crve that whero a. sink or cess
)ool has had carbolic acid in sonmo
if its preparations introduced to
a'rest decomposition and effect
loodorization, these objects are
ittainel only temporarily where
Itch places are open to the at.
nosphore, allowing the free es
ape of the )Iatilo acid, so that
ceasional repetitions may be re
Also when openI miouIthed bot
les are p)latced in closets, ward.
obos, etc., to keep moths fr'om
lothting, thes pla ,hces, if not tight,
nlust, be mtado so inl ot'der to reC
aimn tho volatile acid ; otherwiise
t will escape, and the field be left
pen for the moths. So long as
lhe acid can be kept, in, tihe moths,
f not killed, will cer'tainily be
:ep)t out.
Thoe demonst.'ation made by
)r. Lemaire of' the capacity of'
ar'bolie acid to preservo meat,
ns led to an extensive utiliz'ationt
>f' (lhe acid for thlis purpose, as
liay be shlown by reforonco to
i'hat has boonl accomplished by a
ingle firmn at Montevideo, having
vast est ablishment for the slaugh..
er' of' catt,le, so sbun mdan t in that
>art of Sout h A merica. Frmomi 250
o 300 an iinaas were daily slauigh
ed( at this establish ment. The
idos and1( tallow' of these have
cetof'or'o boon the chief sour'cs
P pr'ofit, tile imnsoI amount of'
neat being nearly all lost. Va
ious attempts had been madoe to
mt this meat in a conditionl to
dmit of its transportation to lEu
opo, where it is mush needed.
Lftetr several unsuccessful trials,
his has been accomlished through
he agency of car'bolic acid, as
ocommonded thrlough Dr. lo-.
ruaire, and( put in practice by Mi.
jambert, Civil .Engineer of Paris.
I have seen," says Dr. Lemair'o,
at theoentrepot (d0s Marias (mn
1aris), many bales of moat brought
rom thle La Platta, kept perfectly
reserved for nine months by the
rieans of phonic acid. I have ta
:en of soup preparol'd froam it, alnd
oundI it oxcllont--andl also eaten
f tile meat at the restaurant (Io
ra Gare d'Ivry, both boiled and
oast,od. It p)rosentedl no sensihle
tifforence from the ordinary beef'
Dund( ini our markets." More
han 25,000 bales of 100 ponds( to
00 pounds~ each, of this prossrved
neat, have found a ready sale in
he markets of Liondlon, Dublin,
Iantchestor' and Liverpool. Sute
essivo arrivals of cargoes at Ha
ro andl Bordeaux, for the supply
f t.hn renh markent, have benn
received, and tho moat free from i
bones, sold at a moderate price. i
The firm of Biraben-Lambert, I
in order to popularize this impor- 1
tant branch of their business, have 1
introduced into Paris the system
of A merican 80oup-.houses (bouil- I
lons Americaino), where the labor- i
ing classes can obtain, for 20 con
times, a bountiful supply of- soup, t
along with half a pound of the t
meat free from bone. Many such <
establishments have since been i
opened in several populous cen- i
tres of the poor. t
The public functionaries of the <
13th arondissement, after using f
these meats on their own tables, f
along with their families, have f
given written certificates of their t
soundness and excollonco, recom- <
mending onlargement and multi- f
plication of bouillons Americaine. 1
More than 500,000 killogrammes, c
(over 1,000,000 pounds) of moat e
from South America, preserved .
by this process, have been received r
at the custom houses in Paris. On L
one of the fete days in Paris, M. 1
Lambert dispensed gratuitously a at
bowl of soup and half a pound of t
the South American beef; to 800 1
persons, who consumed four hun
dred quarts (litres) of soup and i
200 killogrammos of the meat du- t
ring the dlay. n
The process employod by Mos- f
ars. Lambert & Biraben to pro- v
serve the meat of -cattle slaugh- f
tered by them, is as follows:
The meat separated from the 1
bones, is put into a hydraulic d
press and subjected to compres- b
sion ; it is thus formed into cakes c
from 100 pounds to 200 pounds a
each. These, after subjection to f
the powerful compression, are il
completely deprived not only of V
moisture but of air. The cakes, v'
immediately upon removal from I
the ptress, which are coated on the li
outside with a composition con- ii
taining refined coal-tar, with the (
addition of 20 per cent. of pure q
phonic acid. By this simple, in- c
expensive and efficacious process, t
the meat, deprived of air by con- r
pression and protected by a coat c
inpenetrable to the admission of v
air and its sporules and infusoria u
from without, was placed beyond il
the power of corruption, with its r
freshness preserved during long
voyages through tropical lati- b
',udes ; so that on reaching Europe, s
and being subjected to soaking for d
a few hours, it was found in a per- '
fect condition to be eaten. If any t
odor derived from the phenic acid n
or coal-tar remained after the d
soaking in water, it was entirely c
dissipated during the process of F
boilin' a
In ance, :EInglatid, and other a
parts ofI Europe, extensivo use is
made of carbolic aci( for purifying h
the air of stables and other places g
where horses and cattle are kept. f<
Tbc most convenient form of up- ii
plying it in such cases is when v
blended with some fine powdert, fi
such as plaster of Paris, clay, sand,
common earth o1 sawdust. The ii
preparation of' this kind, most ex- 11
tensi vely known in Eurone, is that V
of MachDougall, which is not only a
uised in Eniglishi stables, but in t
those of the Friench Emhperor.- s
Tholi English stables are goneral!y a
kept very clean, but they still cm- h
p)loy this p)owderCI every morning, I
spr'inkle'd on the floors of the fi
stalls after they arc cleaned out, ti
in the proportion of' about two V
ounces to each stalb-the annual
cost averaging about $1.25 per p~
annum for each horse. The eta- t.
blos are thus not only kept healthy v
and freeo frem vermin, flies and dI
other insects, but .the manure n
gathoed( from them is pre'served -
froim (decomposition andl all offen- c
sivo odor'.P
Tho composition of' MacD)ougall li
ronisists of' phenato of' lime and q
sulIph ite of' magnesin. This andl ti
other p)owdoerA, of w hich car'bolic fi
acid is the acOtivo inigredC(ient, may t1
1lso) be aplied1 with great advan- ~
tage in chicken andl pigeon houses, d
to keep away iinsects by which
fowl1s and birds are in fested (.
Flies and mosquitoes are quickly n
overcome 1)y the presence of' car- ,
bolic acid. In a par't of the coun- a
tr'y where I met with mosquitoes y
almost ia clouds, I tr'iedl this ox-e
peoriment: A powvder containing8
Lhe acid wvas mixed uip with butter
an a plaito; before putting thme har'
ness on a horse about to be driven,
lhe was ver'y lightly smeared all
over wvith this comp)osition-~an op
omration very quickly doneW with a
broom-corn withe or brush pattedl
into the ointment nowv and1 then,.
searcely any ap)pear'ance of the
intment coutld be obser'ved on his d
30at after' the application was 0
finishod. The harness was then o
put on, andl in dIrivinig the whole t]
rtfter'noon, the animal scar'cely (1
over switched1 his tail or gave P;
other sign of' annoyance..
In applications to animals this
recid, used in solution, would quick- q
ly evaporate in the open air. Hence ~
the ad van tage (derived from having '
it entangled in. some saponaceoons
or unctuous matter, as we find it si
in many of the preparations
speeially ptreparedl for the putmrpose,
Iven this will not provent the G
requont. I am convinced that
tuimals may be groatly relieved
)y judicious applications of car
)olio acid, in many places whoreo
heir sufferings are often extremo.
Serious and oven fttal results
inve ensued to those who have
'eceived cuts whilst skinning or
lissecting dead animals, similar to
,ho wounds occasionally received by
miatomimts engaged in dissecting
mt postmortom examinations. In
uch cases the slightest cut or
cratch allows the entrance into
,he circulation of animal poisons
f extreme virulence, too often
ullowed by symptoms of the most
ormidable character, ending in
attal results. In such emergency
ho wounds might, as in the caso
Xf stings and vonomous bites, be
irat touched with the pure acid,
,nd afterwards dressed with a
ompress steeped in a saturated
olution in water (5 per cent.)
urgcons, anatomists and voteri.
arians would do well to havo a
ottlo of carbolic acid solution
lways at hand, not only to detergo
nd remove unpleasant smells,
ut as an antidote against poison
,bsorbed by wounds.
Many troublesome a nd even
aveterato discuses can be cured
y a proper use of carbolic acid,
mong which may be named, the
Dot-rot in sheep, mango in pigs
nil dogs, the greeso in horses'
cet, old sores, etc.
This agent, so destructive to the
Dwer orders of the animal king
om, strange to say, exerts a
enign influence upon the higher
lasses of warm-blooded animals,
nid especially upon tho human
atmily, by whom it may be taken
lwardly in considerable doses,
'ithout inconvenience and often
ith advantage to general health.
)r. Lomaire expormimonted upon
imself during many days, taking
1 the course ofeach day 1 granme
about 15J grains) mixed in a
uart of water. iIe reports 'a
use where one of his patients
ook for some time about a dracbm
or day, divided intofour portions.
ach dissolved in halt' a pint of
tttcr. i refer to this internal
se merely to show how harmless
proves when taken internally,
roporly diluted.
Dr. L. recommends the acid to
o taken habitually by persons re
iding in situations where malarious
iseases exist, such as intermittent,
Cmittcnt and other fevers. About
mn or fifteen grains of the acid
lay be taken in the course of a
ay-and half this quantity by
hildren over eight years old.
ach dose should be dilMuted with
bout half a pint of water, sugar
11(1 water, or wine and water.
H1orses and cattle often become
oven from eating too mch fresh
rass, clover or other succulent
)od. These not properly digest
ig, and the abundance of gas do
elopod, causes great distonsion,
-om which the animal often dies.
As the presence of carbolic acid
nmo(liately puts a stop to for
lentation, a drench containing it
'onu1( pr'obably arrest further
welling, and if this has not gone
>0 far, enable thoe animal to
arrive. lIn the p)roportion of'
bou t a tablespoon-ful mixed wvith
alf' a gallon of' water, I think 1no
ar'm to the animal would 1'esult
'omf tihe drench. A smaller quan
ty might answer where cases
'cro miost decsperamte.
To concludo:l T1hec marvollous
owers exer'tedl by carbolic acidl in
he destruction of sp)oriiles and
isiblo and1( invisible an imalcules
erived from vegetable and animal
mtters,unndergoi ngdecomposi tion
--supjposinmg such animalcules to
onstitutto the active agent in the
roduiction of epidemic and ma
gnant (diseases ; its puriiifying
on not only from malaria but
-om i nfectioni of all k indls, enables
iis su bstanco to be regarded as a
)ecial gift of' a beneficent Provi
once.
It must however, alwvays be
no in mind, that carbolic acid
Sa concentrated form, is a potent
abstance, reciuir'ing jndgemen t
nd dliscretionl in its employment.
n the hands of' ign)orant and in
in tious persons, mischievous re
ilts may follow its app)lications
> plants and animals wvhen in
mdled for their protection.
A disinifectamit powder is pro
aredl by add(ing one part of car'
olio acid to one thousand parts of
round p laster of paris.-(Hlouch.
rdt's P'owder'.)
For a wash suitable to ap)ply to
nors, walls and( ceilings of' rooms,
places in which many por-sons
r animalgs are, or have been kept,
1e following is recommended, unm
or the name of Lait de ekaux
4eniquec - (phonicated milk of
me.)
Milk of lime (or whitewash) 12
iarts ; Carbolic Acid 3 ounces.
[ixed wvell together. WVhen a
hitowash is not desirable, a col
irness wash may be prepared by
ibstitutirig lime-water.
Mi-A nn Cary, a s4iv'e of
enorl Sim Cry,is studying
win Hamilto'n Ohio.
Relating to Education.
We copy the following sections
from the Act to 'Establish and
Maintain a System of Free Con
mon Schools for the Stato ofSouth
Carolina, as relating particularly
to Newberry :
coUNTy BOARD oP EXAMINERS.
SEe. 29. 'iat ,he County Coml
missioners of the several Counties
shall t'urnish the School Commis
sioners of their respective Con111
ties with an officeo and the neces
sary otlico furniture.
SEc. 30. That it shall bo the
duty of' each County School Com
missioner, immediately after the
passage of this Act, to divide his
County into convenient School
Districts, for all purposes connect
ed writh tho genoral interest of
education, and re-district the same,
whenever, in his judgment, the
genoral good requires it. Each
District shall bo confined to the
management and control of' the
Board of School Trustees herein
after provided for, who shall hold
their oflico f'o' two years, and tin
til their successors are elected and
qualiiied.
SB'. :31. it shall be the duty of
the 8c I o o I Cormmrissionter of'
o a c h County to select t w o
suitable a n d discrect persons,
who, together with himself, shall
constitute a Board of' Examiner's,
whose duty it shall be to examine
all candidates for the profbssion of'
teacher, and to give such persons
as are. found qualified a certilicate
setting forth the branches of learn
ing he or she may be found capa
ble of teaching ; such examination
to bJ renewed every year. No
teacher shall be employed in any
of' the common or public schools
without a certificate from the
Board of Examinet's or the State
Supe>intendent ; but certificates
fuir"nidied by the Board of' Exani
ners shall be valid only in the
Counties where issued. A majori.
ty of' ;he County .loard of Exam
iners shall have power, for good
and sitflicient reasons, to ctancel
any certificato issued by them he
f'ore the expiration of the time
for which said certificate was
granted.
Si:c. 32. That t h o Board o f
County School Examiners shall
meet at least twice a year, and at
such times, as the Couity School
Commissioner shall appoint ; that
the County School Cottmmissioner
shall be Chairman and Clerk of
the Board, and shall keep a fiir
record of their proceedings, and a
register of the name, age, sex,
color, residenco and date of' certifi
ent.o of' each person to wtlhom cer
tilficato is issued, and in case a cor
tificato be enncelled, shall make a
proper entry of' the sante.
SEc. 33. 'h:at, it shall bo the
duty of tie County Board of School
Examiners, at their first mneeting,
to order, in and for each and every
school district. in their County, :ilt
election for a Board of threo (3)
School Truisteces, wh'lose diuties
sh'tall be as lhertemiiartr inescibed.
'['le said Couty lloar'd sha:ll also
htavo power' to tilt, by alppointmientt,
all vacancies wh Iichi may oeentr tin
t hi e respet ivie Schl D istr'iet,
Isoards of' School 'Tutsteos in thieir
County.
sCOlo, 1isTt'i cTs' A N I Il TiSI'TF.s
SEC. 34. Pot' the pur ipose of' cont.
(dicting tie elect int prtoide(Id for'
in the foregoinhg Setioni, a puttblic
meeting of' thie voters of' o'eh
schiool d is.rict shatll lbe called5 by
ooder of the Coiuntiy lloar'd of' .lRx
amiiner's; said imeetinig shalt be
presCidled over' by onte memiber' of'
salid Boar'd of' Examiiiers, or a per--.
son by them appointed'( ; shall ap
point a Socrciar'y, wh Io shll keep
a fatir reccord( of' its pr'oceed ings, to
be deposited wilth the Coun ty
Sch ool Ciomin nssi oner, aind shall1
thten prtoceed to elect, thrIt er
50ons, residlet in thle saidt school
dtistrict, to ser'vo as Schtool 'Trmus
tees for' otie year: Prmovidedl, That
fif'.ont (lays' not ice shtall be giveni
of' cycry such publ ic mtin i1g.
SEC. 35. That. the saidl 'Trutstoes,
within fiftecon (15) day13s aft.er their
applointment our election, shall t ake
att oath or' affir'mationt faithf'ully
and impar'tially to dhischarmgo 'he
(luties of' their' office, whichl oath
the metibers ar'e atuthor'ized to ad
miinister' to cachi othert.
SEC. 36. That it shall be the
dutly of' the said Truistces, ainy two
of w 'homn sh all conisti tuto a qutorttm,
to meet as soon as pract(ticalol af'tor
having beeni appoited or1( 01elected
and qualified, at sutch pla1ce ais may
bo~ miost convontienit in the dlistrict,
and otrganize b)y appointing one of'
their nu imber Cler'k of the lIoartd,
wvho shall preCidto at, thie official
meetings of' the Truistes, and
book pr'ovided fot' tiat pur-'~1~
Prto'vided(l Tat 0tach)ti'' (fcr of't
(lie Boardi shally1' cho on
sutch mootiritCotty
mtac.i 37. That it shall be the
linty of' the Trusaetees in each schiool)
:listrig%t.tso take the maunaigomont; I
and c6int4'oI of the locat 4ducation
rl intecats of the samre, subjet to
the supervision of tho County
School Commissioner, and to visit
the school at least twice in every
month during the school torm.
SEC. 38. That it shall be the
duty of tho Trustees in the several|
school districts to make, or causo
to be made, annually, in each
school district, by the first day of I
Septemb er, an enueirration of all
the children between the ages of
six (6) and sixteell (16) years,
resident Within such school dis
trict, (1istinguishinmg between male
a11(1 female, white and colored ;
and tle Cleric of said Board of
'1'r1ustoes shall return to the Coun
ty School Colmnissionee a dupli
eate report of the same: Provided,
TIhat iln case the enumeration of
scholastic population of any school
district is not mnado, 11 provided
for in this Act, by that time, the
Coun y lBoard ofSchool Examiners
is borewvith authorized to appoint
new Trustees for such school dis
trict, uinless for good and sullicient
Cause the Trustees havo failed to
act.
St:x. 39. It shall bo the duty of
tho Board of Trustees to hold a
regular session ill their School
District at least two weeks bolore
the co11encmen1 L of any1 or every
school term, for the transaction of'
any and all business necessary to
the prosptrit of the school, with
power to adjourn from timo to
Lime, 1un(I to hold speclal mnoeLings
at any Limlie or place.
1t:. .I0. ''hat the Board of Trns
toes shall have power to estahlish
an(1 make all arrangeLents for (ho
contnonl seh ools of dist ric ts, paying
duo regard to any school-Ihouse
already built, or sito procured, as
w\ell 115 to atll other circumstiances
llloper to be considered, so as to
best promoto (he 0(ducational in
torest of their disyrict: Provided, I
That if Haid Bloard of Trsteoes
shtall fail to establish schools and
bulib1 school-houses, whell 11 (1
where the necessities of tho people I
requiro them, it shall bo the dluly
of the Couty School Commission -
c1r, and Ih(e shall h:avo the power, I
to ostablish and build the saimo at.
tho ex11(nrs' 01 th1 ychool fund o'
such School I)istrict.. They shtll
employ teachicrs from amlong those
having certliicates, and (1ischlarge
the same wh"Ien good and slflicilent
reasons folr so doing presont them
selves; but they shall employ no
per'sonl to teach in any of the
schools lindor their sopervision Il
unless such person shall hold, at
the Line of coimlencing his or her i
School, a certificate to teach,
;ranted by th Count-y l1ma1d of t
5cllool EX1"xiaminers, or by the State
Superintendont of Edueation.
SEc. 41. That should the BoardI
of 'Trustees bo unable otherwisO to I
plrocuro Sites fir school houses, t
they are hereby anthorized to ap- t
point a jury of view of five legal t
voters of the County, who shall
locatte said site as the public intler
List may reirfil'(o ; butl., excopt ill i
eity, town or village, said site shall
not. he 10rated within two hitn(dred
yards of the fwelling of t he owlner
)f (lie hmuni takont for said site
wvithtli)I1 his Nconsent., g1(ie inl wri.
Lin1g. 'I' ho sa id j ury sh all .14sss
th1o valuo of' tile same1, and14 report.
their actioll to thto Illoard of' Trusii
Loes, whoii sita:lI securo l' ho Iitei<
ind( pay for- tIle s~i, as dlecidled byi
the1 jury'3 of vieow, out, o f anty mon1
sava ilablIe for' thla t,1 prpose.
SEC. 42. Tihtat whenS it, shalli so0
ha1ppetat persons8 are so si tuated i
INs to ho better acc01 onunolat.od aIt
ithe schoo) Of anly adjofiinig Sch ooli
Ilist,rict, or l whOever it, may13 he
'lsirabl)1o to establlih a schtool
Le0ImpIosed of par'ts of two 01orimore
Schtool I )istriels, it shall ho thet
Flulty' of' the( rspecOt,i VO lloards of
Truiiste of'S0 Ihie Sm -hool 1Dist ricts8 inii
wic h suchel per'son s riido, Ohr in
wvhiebl such1 scols may ho siituaf od,
or' of thet School I )istr'icts, or tIle
partsN of w li tlihe) school is to he
pomposiiedi, t.o I rainsfer suich peosi
for ed1ention loll1 tIho School Dims
trict, ini whtih suchl school house is
oir mIay be liotnted ; huil, tho enui.
mfor'ationI of schlolarms shall be4 taken
inl each' D istrict as8 if no0 81101 t.rans1
r had been ma 1d0 ; and1 11 uh
uchlool, whe som)5 composod0(, shall1
be0 supp)iortedl from thte school fun11ds
o)f thte resp1oeti ivo Schlooil)Dis ricts
frm' wichi' thle scholaris 1may3 have
been1 trans1fe'lrred.
Ssc. 43. That11, the 81)0 schoo lea
uthl comnmoneo on1 the fiirst Momn
daiy of' Octohor, and1( close on theo
last Fiday of Juno in each year;,
but the County School Conmmi~
9ioner) shall have powerl to 1 p~
uchool fiund' appor-tioP 'toii
Cou1nty'. .11
~ 41.'J''-. it shall bo thle g
.: school teaicheri to t
1iyof td file wvith the Clo-k LI
)g. ?oarid oft Trusi8tOes, at the a;
.pIi-at ion of' (oneh school month ii, aI a
mall and10(31 competO reor)t of the o
v hole number 101 of ceholars admi tted is
o tIlo school dur1inig 0iach monIth, n
omnale, the average attond(anlco,
ho branchos tauight,1, the num11)beir ti
~f pulpils engaged in) each of said T1
>r-anchosM, and1( such1 oth'er statistics n~
as he or shlo may bo requiiredl LI) f
nako by the County School Com-w
shall have been certified and filed
by the said teacher, as aforesaid,
it shall be the duty of' said Board
of Trustees to require the same,
and Forwad to the County School
Commnlissioner, beolrot stid te;acher
enn draw pay fo his 01' hei' ser
v'ic:s.
S.:. 45. That the State Super
intendent, of Education, or any
Coun tv Shool Comm ision1Oer, or'
School Dist t'iet Board of 'rusteos,
may receive, in behal1' of the State
Board of 11"uention, any gift,grant,
donat,ion or deviso ot' any school
house, or sito for at school house,
or Iibrary for the use of anIy school
or schools, or of he' school pur
poses within the State, and are
hiet'elby ilnVestedf witih the care and
eusto(y of all school houses, sites,
or other property belotiging to the
Statto Board of E Incation wit. hin
the limits of' their jurisdiction,
with full powers to control the
think will best subserve the in
tcrests of common schools and the
!atts of' duention, shjoect to the
"ont rol of the State Board of Edu
ationl.
Daddy Cain Read out of the
Republican Party by the
Organ of the Ring.
T1ho lt01publicanlof, Mlonday eve
lnllh says :
1"The "tender" of the Charlestonl
News, the Missiotmtry Iocord, has,
t we enn understand its articles of
'atlrdhtl' lust., ta kenl its plaeo a
nong the Democracy, or "the citi
,el s," ats it woul probably p refer
,u lave the pm-ty called.
"We are glad it, has finally gone
sth'hre it belongs, becauso' "a open
"ncnmy is better than at secret
'iend(."' 0or at long1 tim10 it, has1
woen f'-nishting ammllunition to the
mnemny while jrofessin;g to be Re
mnblican. Now that, it advocates
he measuros 01' .l)moeraey open
y, whatever of power it has tust.
ou from that advocacy -;ow
n1ado p latin--and not f'roin being
)rofessedly lte)ublican, and so be
n1; quoted 11 th tI - m1
i'ess fir its attacks onl the adiini
st rat it)n."
On reading thisat'ticlo one wotlId
)resnmo that Senator ;atin, who is
lie oditor of tho Missionary Rlo
ord, had either avowed hinself a
.)ettnocrat or had uttered f+enti
lnts opposed to the principles of
tejptbli'eunism. li[ecert inl)' does
tot call himself' a Det ocr'la t., ind([
f' his brave and manly words in
lie art.icle referred to OXr1"ess sen
itmonts contruy to the teac"hinigs
>f .1 i)ulicanismt, then we uist
ay' that, ltiluliennitm is opposed
0 what Overy hotiest mnati ap
)roves. We insert below t ho ar"
icle f'ro11 the 11.issioma-y Recortd,
hat or' readers auy judge for
hemsolves :-l Olumrbiac (;uar1ditan.
''ho inass meeting hbi on Mlon
hay night, by the '('ilizen's party"
vas a evidencet of the feeling
'hieh stirs timt class of our citi.
ens wlo (o feel the huttdens of
a\xat ionl. ''rtere is tno grtete
v'identte of niblic f'eintg f hatn
vbetn thet men01 of wealth anld re
n putblic atfairts. Wo have alt ways
tel d tha It if thte resAponstil e and(
male wite s of' this St ate hiad
aken't theIt proiper I'course ini1.I te be -
(inn Iing oIf 1(thercontrctionC 11 of
h~ Sont.h, 1thatt to-day tiey miighlt
amye(' clntroldled the dstinsies 0
lhe Sotitth inl hann ony witth tho
inw poli1cy ofi th gOvernm-ent,W 1 I, and1
ni a1CC)ord w'ithi i ti tew ordor't01 of'
hin 1gs whb nojotli)w x isi.s. l'The
ipathty andut conltemplt withl 'hich
lie wite Ls of' this State r''eei ved
Ite me asurtes of' re)on)lstruI' hon at.
ion ofl everOy ofici' by the~ Repubhli
~:iadn t ittmiist rationt, was the ground1(
mt whichl thle colordu peoptlle rject-.
dI eve-ry ol'er' which the whbites
nadelt to secur le co-opier'ation) iln t lhe
,litIi cal a fir ts. IP'o th le last fe w
car's thty htavt soon thto folly of'
ttcht at course~; they htavo dli'scov
redl, wt . we ate to thern0
brtoutgh these cobtittns t wo yeairi
go, that they have mado a saecri
ico of' their owni inlteOl't ill f lheir
'tmasterly iniac ivity"' policy w~j.l'
va1s rec'ognized by thirii eing -lll
ptlter'edt t hemelSIve? ";nlio e~
>ortunity of' a~i' hg an lutc
ghcht 'o ert to hav'o
h '..thsin htdieton n
(lot objecOt to thetirI attempl)ts to I
'agin the con)fluhentO of' the pco
l. TIhereC are but few, if any, ob- I
etionable Ifc<uures in their meetin<g
re.Solutions. Theliy dematnd a I
st anfd hotnest admi10nistr'ationa of'i
aIvor'tnment, they domantnd low
Lxatiion, they dhemand econlomry, <
icy domtand h'onestty. All of thcee
ne reasonable and just dlemands,
ud we second these demands with all
ir heart. We believe that thereo
noYt a itopublicant in the State I
'ho desires good gove'rnent but
ill concur1 in theso deman)ds.
And to this we call the atten- t
on of ory vote,' in the State, t
his matter tmustt be done by those
ho shall teoad in1 the nominations
ri the coining elections; those
'ho are to fill the vaiousR offices j
P Atata ahnnid( ba mnni of knnwn 1.
ADVIRT*$INQAT
Adtvertiseditents insi ed'itk''t 10
Der square-oue inch-for first InmM ad.
t for each subsequent Insertion.
column advertisenents ten per cent on da
Notttes of meetings, obitnarles and teN
of respect, same rates pet' square de rf
advertisements,
Special notices in local column 20 eant
per line.
Advertisements not marked with the nipt=
her of insertions Will be kept hIk till forbid
and charged accordingly.
Specini contracts nade with latge 9d Ver"
tisers, with liberal deductions on abo e tate
Done with Nestness and Dispatch
Ternis Cash.
integrity and character. We need
not confine ourselves to a cdrtain
class of men, but wo may find good
men in the community, who an
reasonablo and capable, and ivho
have Few of thoso rigid party lines
to cross, who can and will fill With
honor the positions assigned them,
r'egar'dIlessof party scruples. There
are hundreds of good men in the
community who would rogard it
as a duty to servo the public.
The EmIperor of the Fronch
made the following speech, on
Saturday, in response to an addroe
by Schneider, on bohalt' of' the
iegislative bodies, upon the i'e.
Sult of the vote on plebiscitttm
Sils: ieccivintg i'rom yotur handa
the result, o' this vote, my first i1.
)luso is to' express my gratitude
to the nation wiicht thus i'enews
to m fIir the fourth time itt
t weity years, I ho signal eYidone0
of contitlence. I; i versal sufl'f'age,
the elrments of which change un
cenisinigly, nevertlholoss acm.
p)lishes its purpose always. It hhts
for its guiide"s its tlraditions, Oet
taiinty of its instinets, and fldolit,y
of its sympantlt Iies. TIto plebiot;t
t ium had fir its solo object the rat
ilication by the pevople of' cottst'tu
itiil rcetibrmt, bit amiuidst conflidte
of passion, and inl tho struggle
with its olponents, its purpose' s
breenmo greater. Lot us not re
gret that Iht tdversarics of our
instILutions have Imatle a question
eltWee th 1.h0 m pire and rCVlti
tion. for the nlation has settle'd
ilt( e1uostioln in favor of that systgt
whitiebt guarantees order ttd lib
erty. 'o-daty the Eipiire is stt'oftg,
but it will show ils strength Iy
its m11odlor"ation. AI goverrtilon't
Vill execute the lavs without par
tittlily or wetkness. It will Hos
ilev"iute froni the line markod for
it,.
ltrspecting all rights of itt strly
jecls it will ptrotect themn all; tend
all t.heir inte"rests, without thdtfghb
of dlissentin g votes or hosle
man<eu vers ''.", but, it, will alsd G'l}ttt ,
the nittional will to ho respected,
ve sy I..'reed from~h . consiti dna11U
quiest ions wvhih lm i ve kcept titem
aparit., it bes s)5 11pit.s ill no(w
haIveJ bit oneO purpi'oso, to rahly'
arouni id ai consti lniiion w htiCh the
unite ini eilbrts to) softeri aspe?riu
serve social1 initeres.s ,frortr conta
glin of falso doctineis, anid to ang
men'it, bl Iwful monn; the
granudeur anuud prosperity of' Fihe'e
Wo shall1 lbotr t.o diffuso iniAffde.
tion1, to simnplify admiJinlistaufft4
mteasurios, to initroducot- into (1im
cod1e tameliortions11 ini favo'r' of the
agricttltura ini iiterest, and teY dee
lop pulic wiorks. W,e shrtdl give
d ist ributi ion of taLxationl. Such rm
will inc'reause the priocessx if' civili'
aidl you1 haivo givent m11 On tii
occafsIin. Voe ((8w hichi rat ify t hose
of 1848, 185i,iuand h% roenfirm
your I po wers', and14 givo gVbu, like
me,0 no0w force to work for tho tna.
tionl, no0w t04 mor than ever: .May
we lbe featrless of' thet futuret', for
lw oppIose the jprogressivo fnarceb
of' .he regimle wI h i great
people fa n nded mIdnn pol i(ica'l trou
bh-e, andi~ whiic his thus11 foritioni.rs
anl eraL of pea'ce'( and1 liberPty.
"Plebiscite."
Som1e1 ini(iinIg Wa" ac-nt the(
f'ollowin n1~iote0 t o tlho editur of thec
Newit Orleans TIimes:
N xw Ottui,saxxx, A piril 2G, 1870.
"' I ea r N.-cl osedl fin B10,
Whlat thne de{vil is a />/rhiiscite !
.J. C*** .:
'the iminporPtuned edi tot' dlie"
correpondenltl1I 's anig,j( by hia
l ibe'ralit.y, both grg1 c'rorand cony
1i'' il'.;,'t:,upased throng~ a
a4vI hiar' ,,.tdit.ion of' menOta ei x
taust; . in ondeluavorinig to com..
tluotionl wo' (can feel for Ouir friendr's
mdt( shlul ther'efbr-o pr'oceed to
ms1w01' it.
"A 'pllbiSelto' it a thing only
{ou soo0, Wtonin i the courso of httw
nan oventa; tho policy of' a gov'
u'nmenit, ii its transTcendlentabl re
ations with tho political OconlOnies
,bo special analysis of abnortnal
nflutencos; infringin g up~on the
'serp)tntity bf inistit(ttionsi, Lit onlce
lcterminail anid nugator'y to thg
tbstrucoe interests of' theoorney ;
vhy, then, a de-cen,t resp)oet for
he opinions of mankihd roquitea
he pr-omtgatiotof a poputflr anfl
l1ytical mianifesto, in w'thich * * *
it shor't, a 'p)lebisci to' is plainly n
pilobisci to', or' in other words, It (a
110 French fot' 'Shioo fly, don't
'odder mei, T1horo Pr
The people of Wy-oming don't
:nowv whether to call their female
tidgo atjusRticess of the peace or g