U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has blasted Syrian President Bashar al-Assad following a series of assaults on the U.S. and French embassies in Damascus.

Several Assad loyalists broke into the
U.S. embassy in Damascus yesterday and security guards had to use live
ammunition to prevent hundreds from storming the French embassy, Western
diplomats in the Syrian capital said.

Clinton condemned the Syrian attacks and said Washington did not believe the long-time Syrian ruler would follow through on his promises to reform in the face of escalating protests against his rule.

Supporters of President Bashar al-Assad attempted to to storm both the U.S. and the French embassies

'From our perspective, he has lost legitimacy, he has failed to deliver on the promises he's made, he has sought and accepted aid from the Iranians as to how to repress his own people,' Clinton told reporters in an appearance with European Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton in Washington.

Clinton's comments marked a significant sharpening of U.S. rhetoric on Assad, whose security forces have waged an increasingly brutal crackdown against protesters inspired by pro-democracy movements elsewhere in the Arab world.

They said the attackers tore down U.S. embassy plaques and tried to break security glass in protests fuelled by the government against a visit by U.S. and French ambassadors to the city of Hama, focus of protests against Assad's rule.

One of the diplomats said: 'This is a violent escalation by the regime. You do not bring busloads of thugs into central Damascus from the coast without its consent.'

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A French foreign ministry official said the Syrian authorities had done nothing to stop the assault.

'(France) reminds (Syria) that it is not with such illegal methods that the authorities in Damascus will turn the attention away from the fundamental problem, which is to stop the repression of the Syrian population and to launch democratic reform,' foreign ministry spokesman Bernard Valero said.

France has led Western attempts to pass a United Nations Security Council resolution condemning Syria's hierarchy for cracking down on protesters. It says the president has lost legitimacy because of the number of killings to try to quell the protests demanding political freedoms after 41 years of Assad family rule.

'Four buses full of shabbiha (Alawite militia loyal to Assad) came from Tartous. They used a battering ram to try to break into the main door,' a resident of Afif, the old district where the French embassy is located, told Reuters by telephone.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton sits with former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon as she hosts a dinner of the Middle East Quartet at the State Department in Washington last night

The United States, which sees Syria as a fragile but crucial element of any lasting Middle East peace equation, had been reluctant to take that step, but Clinton's comments on Monday indicated Washington's patience had run out.

'If anyone, including President Assad, thinks that the United States is secretly hoping that the regime will emerge from this turmoil to continue its brutality and repression, they are wrong.

'President Assad is not indispensable and we have absolutely nothing invested in him remaining in power,' added Clinton.

The United States condemned Syria for "refusing" to protect the embassy from an assault it said had been encouraged by a pro-government television station, and called in a senior Syrian diplomat to deliver a formal complaint.

Human rights groups say at least 1,400 civilians have been killed since an uprising began in March against Assad's autocratic rule, posing the biggest threat to his leadership since he succeeded his father 11 years ago.

A man checks the damaged American embassy after pro-government protesters attacked the embassy compound in Damascus

Assad loyalists also attempted to attack the U.S. ambassador's residence in Damascus on Monday after assaulting the embassy compound but failed to gain entry.

A businessman whose office overlooks the residence said about 50 youths carrying posters of Assad on sticks stopped traffic and started smashing two U.S. embassy cars parked outside with sticks and climbing the walls of the compound.

'One of them stole the headlights as if they were war spoils. The street was full of secret police and military intelligence personnel. They stood just looking and some joined the thugs in shouting abuse directed against the ambassador,' the Syrian businessman said.

A U.S. official said U.S. Ambassador Robert Ford was at the embassy compound when the assaults occurred, not at the residence several blocks away.

Emboldened by the spreading demonstrations, leading Syrian opposition figure Haitham al-Maleh said an opposition conference in Damascus later this month would form a shadow government of 'independent, non-political technocrats' to prepare for when Assad loses authority.

The U.S embassy under siege from Syrian protesters, who are reported to have pelted staff with food

The former judge was among 50 leading opposition figures who refused to accept Assad's invitation to enter what the authorities termed a 'national dialogue' that mostly brought handpicked Assad supporters. He issued a statement earlier this month announcing plans for a 'National Salvation' government.

Maleh said the conference would take place in Damascus on July 16 and would choose the shadow ministers.

'It won't be an actual government, it will be a shadow government. It will be a regional government. Each minister will operate as a leading figure for his region,' Maleh said.

Its aim would be to guide opposition movements and anti-Assad protests, and ensure the country had an alternative administration ready for what Maleh said he saw as Assad's inevitable removal.

Syrian protesters affectionately display their support for President al-Assad during the riots outside the U.S. embassy which lasted 31 hours over the weekend

While using military assaults in towns and cities to try to crush the protests, Assad has also called for talks on reforms. But the opposition refused to attend a two-day conference in the capital this week, saying it was futile as long as violence continued. Mostly Assad supporters were taking part.

Vice President Farouq al-Shara, whose role is ceremonial, told the conference's opening ceremony on Sunday the authorities would 'turn the page', hinting that political parties other than the ruling Baath party would be allowed to operate.

In other violence on Monday, security forces killed one civilian and wounded 20 in machinegun fire on Homs, Syria's third city, and went house-to-house arresting suspected opponents in Hama, human rights activists said.

Mostafa Abdelrahman, a preacher at a mosque in Hama, met Assad on Sunday to demand the release of 1,000 political prisoners and offer to remove makeshift roadblocks if given guarantees there would be no more assaults, they added.