While a clear majority of the Muslims in Jammu, in Kashmir proper, and in Azad Kashmir are followers of the Sunni form of the faith, large areas in Indian-held Ladakh, most notably in Kargil district, and in the Pakistani-held Northern Areas have majorities who follow various sects that may be grouped under the label Shiah. These include the Ismailis, whose spiritual leader is the Aga Khan, whose Aga Khan Rural Support Programme is a major source of development assistance to the region, on both sides of the LOC. Reliable statistics on sectarian distributions within Islam have never been collected. However, based on such pre-independence data as do exist, Shiahs (of various sub-sects) outnumber Sunnis in Indian-held Kargil, while, on the Pakistani side of the LOC, they lead in all parts of the Northern Areas except Gilgit tahsil of Gilgit district and the western tahsils of Diamir district. In those areas, owing in part to immigration from Punjab and the North-West Frontier Province since the completion of the Karakoram Highway, the two sects are believed to be in rough balance.

Regional Distribution of Major Faiths, 1981

Region

Muslims(1,000s)

Hindus(1,000s)

Buddhists(1,000s)

%

%

%

Indian-held areas

Kashmir

2,977

95

125

4

0.2

n

Jammu

805

29.6

1,803

66.3

1

n

Ladakh

62

46.1

4

2.6

68

50.9

Total

3,843

64.2

1,930

32.2

70

1.2

Pakistani-held areas

Azad Kashmir

1,979

99.8

n

n

n

n

Northern Areas

574

99.8

n

n

n

n

Total

2,553

99.8

n

n

n

n

Grand total

6,396

74.9

1,930

22.6

70

0.8

n= negligible (i.e., less than 50 individuals or less than 0.1%).

Minority faiths in the Indian-held areas of Jammu and Kashmir also include the Sikhs (who number 133,675, or 2.23%), settled mainly in Jammu; Christians (8,481); and Jains (1,576). Minority religions in areas held by Pakistan are of no significance.

While a clear majority of the Muslims in Jammu, in Kashmir proper, and in Azad Kashmir are followers of the Sunni form of the faith, large areas in Indian-held Ladakh, most notably in Kargil district, and in the Pakistani-held Northern Areas have majorities who follow various sects that may be grouped under the label Shiah. These include the Ismailis, whose spiritual leader is the Aga Khan, whose Aga Khan Rural Support Programme is a major source of development assistance to the region, on both sides of the LOC. Reliable statistics on sectarian distributions within Islam have never been collected. However, based on such pre-independence data as do exist, Shiahs (of various sub-sects) outnumber Sunnis in Indian-held Kargil, while, on the Pakistani side of the LOC, they lead in all parts of the Northern Areas except Gilgit tahsil of Gilgit district and the western tahsils of Diamir district. In those areas, owing in part to immigration from Punjab and the North-West Frontier Province since the completion of the Karakoram Highway, the two sects are believed to be in rough balance.

Regional Distribution of Major Faiths, 1981

Region

Muslims(1,000s)

Hindus(1,000s)

Buddhists(1,000s)

%

%

%

Indian-held areas

Kashmir

2,977

95

125

4

0.2

n

Jammu

805

29.6

1,803

66.3

1

n

Ladakh

62

46.1

4

2.6

68

50.9

Total

3,843

64.2

1,930

32.2

70

1.2

Pakistani-held areas

Azad Kashmir

1,979

99.8

n

n

n

n

Northern Areas

574

99.8

n

n

n

n

Total

2,553

99.8

n

n

n

n

Grand total

6,396

74.9

1,930

22.6

70

0.8

n= negligible (i.e., less than 50 individuals or less than 0.1%).

Minority faiths in the Indian-held areas of Jammu and Kashmir also include the Sikhs (who number 133,675, or 2.23%), settled mainly in Jammu; Christians (8,481); and Jains (1,576). Minority religions in areas held by Pakistan are of no significance.

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