I and É are long when they're stressed. Ê is only short when followed by at least two consonants. O, U and Y are long when they're stressed or when they're in the first syllable of the root. A and E are never long.

The syllable formula is: (F)(C)(R)V(R)(C), with F a fricatve, C a consonant, R a consonant but not a plosive or an affricate, and V a vowel. A syllable cannot begin with three consonants. There can't be more than two vowels in a row and a consonant cannot appear twice in a row.

The stressed syllable is always the second last one, unless the word only has one syllable, when that syllable of course is the stressed one.

There are four groups of nouns: masculine nouns ending on a vowel, feminine nouns ending on a vowel, neuter nouns ending on a vowel and nouns ending on a consonant. Nouns ending on a consonant are all declined the same way.

MASCULINE NOUNS ENDING ON A VOWEL

Case

Singular

Plural

Nominative

Nea

Neal

Genitive

Neas

Near

Dative

Nei

Neek

Accusative

Nea

Nela

Prepositional

Neu

Neap

Some masculine nouns have a nominative singular ending on -i. The other cases have the same endings.

FEMININE NOUNS ENDING ON A VOWEL

Case

Singular

Plural

Nominative

Kuro

Kurom

Genitive

Kuros

Kurê

Dative

Kuré

Kures

Accusative

Kuro

Kurom

Prepositional

Kuru

Kuraš

Some feminine nouns have a nominative singular ending on -u or -y. The other cases have the same endings.

NEUTER NOUNS ENDING ON A VOWEL

Case

Singular

Plural

Nominative

Eñe

Eñes

Genitive

Eñes

Eñés

Dative

Eñi

Eñir

Accusative

Eña

Eñas

Prepositional

Eñu

Eñuš

Some neuter nouns have a nominative singular ending on -é or -ê. The other cases have the same endings.

NOUNS ENDING ON A CONSONANT

Case

Singular

Plural

Nominative

Purt

Purtak

Genitive

Purto

Purtau

Dative

Purti

Purtis

Accusative

Purt

Purtek

Prepositional

Purtu

Purtuš

Words from this group with a P within them are usually masculine. Other words with a S, a Š, a Z or a Ž within them are usually feminine. Other words with an A, an É, an Ê or an I within the are usually neuter. Most other words are masculine.