TORONTO — The scene at the Eaton Centre one morning this week was the type that the Olympics loves to promote. Team Canada unveiled its uniforms for Pyeongchang 2018, schoolchildren waved the maple leaf and cheered various Olympians, a moose mascot posed for photos in his Canada jersey and gave everyone a thumbs-up.

The athletes were excited for the Games, they looked sharp in their new duds, and Team Canada showed some love for its corporate partners: all very Olympics.

Up on stage afterward, Dustin Cook, an alpine skier who expects to be competing in South Korea, spoke of his pride in continuing the Crazy Canucks legend on the slope. He’s excited to get his season going, and lock down his place on Team Canada.

But, ask about the Russians, and the smile fades. “I think the whole situation is kind of ridiculous, and the fact that they are able to compete is a little ridiculous,” he says.

Well, yes. There is that.

It has now been 34 months since a German television documentary alleged widespread Russian doping, a scheme orchestrated by the country’s top anti-doping scientist. That led to a World Anti-Doping Agency investigative commission, which led to the Russian scientist spilling his goods to U.S. media, which led to another WADA probe, which ultimately saw the agency call for a total ban on Russian athletes from Rio 2016. The International Olympic Committee demurred, and most Russians still competed in those Games.

In this Feb. 18, 2014, file photo, a Russian fan holds the country’s national flag over the Olympic rings.David J. Phillip /
AP

And now, despite a months-long investigation by Canadian lawyer Richard McLaren that found a state-sponsored Russian doping program and coverup “that operated on an unprecedented scale,” one that documented how dozens of medal-winning athletes at Sochi 2014 took part in a program in which agents of the former KGB swapped out dirty urine samples in the dead of night, we are now trundling toward Pyeongchang with nothing having been done.

A Russian member of the IOC said last month that he expects all of his country’s athletes to compete in South Korea. The IOC, apparently unwilling to take WADA at its word, is trying to replicate McLaren’s findings with its own investigations. It received updates on those at a meeting in Peru last month, but they are ongoing.

Richard Pound, the Canadian founder of WADA and an IOC member, was in Lima for those meetings and said in an interview that Russia and doping was not a major part of the agenda.

“The elephant in the room remains unnoticed,” he said. Or the bear, in this case.

Asked if he thought it was possible that the IOC, as it did in Rio, would pass on taking broad action against Russia, Pound said: “I sure as hell hope not.”

Expecting the IOC to do the right thing, though, has not historically been the safest of bets.

Its reluctance in this instance is due in part to the unusual nature of the charges against Russia. Normally, doping violations are a simple and structured thing: a test is failed, a backup sample is tested, and if that also fails then punishment is assessed. It’s an absolute liability offence: how the drugs came to be in an athlete’s system is of no interest to anti-drug authorities.

But the Russian story isn’t one of failed tests. It’s one of a whole system where test results were manipulated by the same people charged with conducting them, a scheme so broad and extensive that several years’ worth of negative results cannot be trusted.

In this Sept. 30, 2016 file photo, Canadian IOC member Richard Pound listens to a speech in Banff, Alta.Ted Rhodes /
Postmedia Network

Instead of evidence in the form of positive tests, WADA’s conclusions rely on thousands of pages of documents, much of it provided by Grigory Rodchenkov, the former Moscow lab director who says he designed the doping system at the behest of the Ministry of Sport. Rodchenkov’s role in all of this has always been somewhat murky, but a recent documentary, Icarus, fills in much of what was unknown about him. A U.S. filmmaker consulted with the Russian in 2014 during work on what was originally supposed to be a project about doping in cycling, and in the midst of it the German television report aired and WADA started poking around his Moscow lab.

By the fall of 2015 the filmmaker, Bryan Fogel, brought Rodchenkov to California, and in the spring of 2016 he decided to go public, telling the New York Times, 60 Minutes, and a New York grand jury what he knew. One of his reasons for going rogue was the death that February of Nikita Kamaev, the head of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency. He died suddenly, at 52, of a heart attack, which naturally made his friend Rodchenkov nervous. Telling his story would, simply, make it less likely that Russia would kill him. He remains in hiding in the U.S., with his family still back home.

Rodchenkov comes across in Icarus — a Netflix documentary — as believable, if a bit goofy. He has a penchant for Skype-ing while shirtless and also quoting Orwell’s 1984 at length. Russian officials, up to and including President Vladimir Putin, have waved his allegations away as the ranting of a liar, but the scope of what he has provided is not the work of a simple traitor with a grudge. His stuff has checked out.

Rodchenkov told investigators that Russian agents had figured out a way to tamper with “tamper proof” bottles, and closer study found that there were tiny scratches around the lids — evidence they had been opened and resealed. He told them that certain urine samples had been hastily altered when Russia discovered that WADA officials were about to seize them from the Moscow lab, and further study found some of those samples contained physiologically impossible salt levels. As McLaren pointed out in his final report last year, if any of Rodchenkov’s evidence provided demonstrably false, he would have been deported to Russia, to an uncertain fate.

The IOC might wish that it was dealing with positive tests and dirty samples, but that was the whole point of the Russian system: positive results were switched to negative, and dirty samples were swapped for clean. More testing won’t help. As cheating goes, it was a top-notch system.

Russia’s team, led by flag bearer Sergei Tetiukhin, marches into the Opening Ceremony at the Olympic Games in Rio on Aug. 5, 2016.Cameron Spencer /
Getty Images

The money quotes from Rodchenkov in Icarus, as interviewed by Fogel:

“Does Russia have a state-wide doping system in place to cheat the Olympics?”

“Yes.”

And: “Did Russia swap out dirty urine for clean urine?”

“Always.”

This is what makes it the IOC’s choice both difficult and obvious: how can it not ban Russia when its entire anti-doping regime was bogus?

Cook, the Canadian skier, says he knows that a blanket ban isn’t ideal, “but I don’t think there’s enough being done, for sure.

“I literally had a doping test this morning at 6 a.m. before this event,” he said at the uniform unveiling. “We get tested ALL the time. And those guys have a system-wide doping scheme? It’s ridiculous.”

And, as Pound puts it, Russia still hasn’t really paid for anything that the various reports and investigations have unearthed. The track-and-field team was banned from Rio, as was the whole Paralympic team — the IPC showing the spine that the IOC did not — but Russia still won 56 medals in 2016 and will likely finish near the top of the table in Pyeongchang if it fields a full team. It was at the Winter Olympics where Russians literally drilled a secret hole in a laboratory wall so their agents could swap out urine samples. And the whole team will be welcomed back?

McLaren, in his final report, reached this conclusion: “I would urge international sport leadership to take account of what is known … and correct what is wrong.”

It has been 300 days since that report was released. The 2018 Olympics begin 125 days from now.

In this Nov. 13, 2015 file photo, a car idles in front of Russia’s national drug-testing laboratory in Moscow.Pavel Golovkin /
AP

A brief history of the Russian doping scandal

December 2014 The German television network ARD airs a documentary that alleges widespread Russian doping. Russian athletes are the key whistleblowers and Grigory Rodchenkov, at the time the top anti-doping scientist in the country, is caught on camera discussing the scheme. He is unaware he is being recorded. WADA launches a commission to investigate the claims, headed by Canadian Richard Pound.

November 2015 The commission’s first report says it “confirmed the existence of widespread cheating through the use of doping substances” in Russian sport. Rodchenkov resigns as director of the Moscow anti-doping lab. He leaves for the United States within days of the resignation.

February 2016 Nikita Kamaev, former head of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency, dies at 52 after sudden heart failure.

May 2016 Having been approached in California by FBI investigators and ordered to appear before a grand jury, Rodchenkov tells his story to the New York Times and provides reporters with hundreds of pages of documentary evidence. Russia denies everything and says he is a liar with a shady past. WADA appoints Canadian Richard McLaren to lead a new investigation with a short deadline: less than two months, to allow time to make a decision on Russia before Rio 2016.

July 2016 McLaren’s first report says it has confirmed “beyond a reasonable doubt” the existence of a state-sponsored doping scheme. WADA calls for the IOC to ban the Russian team entirely from Rio. The IOC instead allows individual athletic federations to decided on bans. The international track and field body is one of the few to implement a total ban on Russia.

August 2016 Russia fields a team of 291 athletes in Rio, winning 56 medals, fourth among all nations.

September 2016 Russia does not compete in the Paralympic Games, as the IPC issued a total ban. Russia did not contest the ruling.

October 2016 Vitaly Mutko, the Minister of Sport in Russia and the person Rodchenkov cites as overseeing the doping program, is promoted to Deputy Prime Minister.

December 2016 McLaren’s second report builds on the first, and says 695 Russian athletes were part of the “manipulations to conceal potentially positive doping control tests.” It says there is incontrovertible evidence of dozens of urine samples having been altered, including from 15 Russians who won medals at Sochi 2014.

September 2017 Alexander Zhukov, Russian member of the IOC, says at a meeting in Peru that “all of them are going to Pyeongchang” when asked about his country’s team.

The whistleblower’s evidence

Among the documents provided to WADA investigators by Grigory Rodchenkov was the spreadsheet shown below, a daily competition schedule for Sochi 2014 that identified “protected” athletes — medal hopefuls whose urine samples would be swapped overnight by Russian agents. Names are redacted, and Russian athletes are identified by a specific numeric code.

The McLaren report, which details Rodchenkov’s evidence, can be found here. The searchable database of more than 1,100 documents can be found here.