I would like to express my gratitude to the Edmonton Space and Science Foundation, the Edmonton Park and Recreation Department, and the City Planning Department for their assistance in making accessible that information necessary to the project. Special thanks are also due to my typist, Terry Hemm, for finishing the manuscript on a very short notice.

INTRODUCTION

project Proposal
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A thesis proposal for a new planetarium for Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The new planetarium center will be a multi media center providing facilities for lectures, audio-visual presentations, demonstrations and displays, live drama, as well as the star theater productions. The visitor would not only be an observer to the center but will be allowed to participate. The facility will provide public services such as retail space, restrooms, outdoor observations decks, and a restaurant. Particular attention will be given to the technical equipment necessary in such a facility, and those spaces required to house equipment.
The site proposed for development is at the foot of the north bank of the North Saskatchewan River, within minutes of the city center.
This area is rapidly becoming one of Edmonton's major recreational areas It is within walking distance of the Muttart Conservatory, the newly proposed aquarium, and the new convention center, all of which are inter connected by the Capital City Park.
ISSUES ADDRESSED
In 1958 the Edmonton city council agreed to construct a planetarium as a memorial to her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's visit to the city in July of 1959. The Queen Elizabeth Planetarium enjoyed considerable success with attendance peaking at 53,000 persons in 1967. However, by 1972 attendance had dropped to 12,500. Due to a lack of physical tools and human expertise, the planetarium had failed to adapt to the dynamic changes in the field of planetarium services.
The value of such public service was recognized, and a proposal for a new updated planetarium was initiated. The firm of Douglas Cardinal

Architect was selected to present a schematic design proposal which is presently under consideration.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The primary goal of the planetarium is education. The educational experience should not be limited to astronomy and related sciences, but rather should encompass the arts and sciences in general, so to reflect the interdisciplinary nature of man's existence in his universe.
The client has expressed three major objectives which the building design must meet. In order of priority they are:
1. Function -- the complexity of the center, the number of visitors, and the programing of concurrent activities, requires extreme efficiencies in space planning and circulation.
2. Design-----the design first must accommodate the buildings
function, and secondly should express the boldness and beauty of the universe and man's part in it.
3. Energy ---- in an age of energy shortages the building
should exemplify conscious energy management and employ solar energy as much as is possible, so to supplement the energy budget.
THE SCOPE AND LIMITS TO THE PROJECT
The building consists of 45,000 square feet. Of that total approximately 60% is public, consisting of classrooms, display areas, a restaurant a retail area, and the star theater. The remainder of the square footage is: technical 15%, administrative 10%, and 15% non-commited. The public area includes 700 square feet of outdoor observation deck. .

The total site is 5 1/2 city blocks, bounded on the east and south sides by the river. Much of this area will be devoted to park space and on-site parking.
PERSONAL GOALS:
As this is a thesis project, it shall demand a thorough study and coordination of the various building systems which are essential to a successful building. This requirement along with the clients demand for an expressive design shall provide the designer with the opportunity to synthesize and apply that knowledge which he has gained in the last two years. As such this project should serve as a valuable stepping stone from formal education to on the job training.
The client's strong commitment to the integration of solar technology in the building design is commendable. Edmonton is located in a province rich in fossil fuels, which is not noted for its conservation efforts. This decision will require investigation into the feasibility of various solar systems in Alberta's climate, which is much harsher than that of Colorado's. The student will profit from this in two ways, the further research into solar technology, and exposure to building design in the climate where he intends to practice.
PROPOSED APPROACH
The demand for a high level of functional efficiency immediately suggests an approach to follow. As an initial architectural program has been developed, the designer shall concentrate on refining it to that point where functional requirements begin to suggest possible design directions to investigate. Upon generating various alternatives, he will re-evaluate and synthesize those concepts, and proceed to develop the resultant within the context of the site.

HISTORY OF EDMONTON
Edmonton's orgin dates back to 1745, when William Tomison, an employee of the "Company of Young Adverturers Trading Into Hudson's Bay" built the first of a series of Fort Edmontons, 25 miles downstream from present day Edmonton. The final Fort Edmonton was built in the 1820's on what is now the lawn below the Alberta Legislative Buildings. In 1871, the village of Edmonton was formed, its population numbering less than one hundred persons.
In February of 1882, the village was declared the town of Edmonton with an' expanded population of 700 people. The city charter was approved for Edmonton in 1904. As Edmonton was a stop over center for the overland route to the Klondike Goldfields, its population grew by leaps and bounds from 1896 onward. Homesteaders came to settle on the rich farming land surrounding the city. The land boom and the merger of Strathcona, the community directly south of Edmonton across the north Saskatchewan River; increased the city's population to 53,611 from 24,900 in 1911-12. Further annexations of such bedroom communities as Calder (1917), Beverly (1961) and Jasper Place (1964), resulted in the 1964 census count of 357,695 inhabitants.
Edmonton's present population is approximately 600,000. Its recent growth may be attributed in large part to the tremendous growth of the oil & natural gas industry in the province as a whole. As Calgary is the Headquarters center of the energy related industries, Edmonton is the service center for those same industries, servicing the vast northlands and surrounding district.
11

Presently Edmonton is Canada's fourth largest city, and has the fastest growing market area. Recent growth forecasts indicate that Edmonton will be Canada's next city to reach 1,000,000 population before the year 2,000.
Edmonton recently played host to the commonwealth games which spurred the construction of many new sporting facilities and the light rapid transit system, which is one of the models for Denver's proposed rail system. Edmonton can boast of 8,500 acres of parkland. There are more than 13.8 acres of developed neighborhood parkland per hundred families.
In 1979, 10 miles of river valley parkland were incorporated into the Capital City Park, with footbridges across the river, and a network of walkways, cycling and cross-country ski trails. Edmontonians are very much aware of the tremendous natural amenity provided by the North Saskatchenwan River Valley, and have taken legislative action to protect it and enhance it.
The City of Edmonton recently celebrated its 75th anniversary.
During the past 75 years the city has experienced tremendous growth not only in physical and economic terms but in cultural terms as well. This 75th birthday allows Edmontonians to reflect upon an impressive past and to anticipate the advent of an assured bright future.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
As summarized in the project proposal, the Edmonton Space Sciences Foundation is seeking to upgrade the community service it is presently providing at the Queen Elizabeth Planetarium. The new facility will offer a versatility in services which should increase its visibility by the community. The location of the new facility should enhance its usage as it will be in the city center, readily accessible by car, bicycle, and footpaths.
The provision of audio-visual equipment and trained professional staff, will allow outside groups to obtain such service at reduced cost, and at the same time will offset operational costs of the facility. The retail service, that is the restaurant, lounge and retail marketing will provide amenity to the visitor, while at the same time providing substantial additional revenue to the complex.
Of course the major element of a planetarium complex is the star theater itself. The new facility will reflect the latest in planetarium technology, and as such its productions will be greatly improved. The flexibility of the theater will allow for theatrical performances, dance and musical recitals, hopefully providing local artists the opportunity for greater exposure to their public.
The city of Edmonton views the space science center as one more step toward providing its citizenry with a comprehensive network of recreation facilities. The proximity of the complex to the city center, the convention center, the Muttart Conservatory and the recently proposed aquarium, suggest a well thought out regard for visitors to Edmonton.
By concentrating these facilities along Edmonton's most notable natural amenity, the North Saskatchewan River, the facilities become readily accessible to the public, and benefit economically by their increased patronage.

FACTS

SITE ANALYSIS SPATIAL
SITE LOCATION & SIZE
The site is located approximately at the center of the city. It is bounded to the north by 98th Avenue, to the east by the North Saskatchewan River, to the west by 101 Street and to the south by 94th Avenue. The total site is about 20 acres. The majority of this area is to be developed by the Parks and Recreation Department into open park space. There is to be on-site parking which will require a substantial amount of square footage on the site.
This project shall limit its site development to the area directly adjacent to the planetarium, including parking, loading areas, bus drop off, pedestrian and bicycle access, leaving the remainder of the site to be studied in very general terms.
EXISTING LANDUSE AND OWNERSHIP
At present the site is residential. The city of Edmonton has acquired approximately one half of the land area. At the most recent count, the city would have to expropriate twenty one houses in order to carry out the proposed development. This is in keeping with the city council policy to purchase river valley properties to expand the park area.
15

THE CITY OF EDMONTON
16

THE SITE
r
52
vF
SCALE
17

PHYSICAL
CLIMATE
The following climatic data was obtained from the Edmonton Branch of the Federal Atmospheric Research Center. The figures are based on data collected at the Edmonton Industrial Airport. The period of record varies for each type of data collected. The most recent figures are those of 1973.
January Design Temperature
2Â£% basis -29.2F
1% basis -40.0F
July Design Dry Temperature 82.4F
July Design, Wet Temperature 66.2F
Annual Total Degree Days 65F 10665
MONTHLY TOTALS J 1931
F 1531
M 1382
A 799
M 422
J 207
J 90
A 156
S 409
0 738
N 1265
D 1692
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15 Minute Rainfall (10-year period) .91 in.
Maximum 24 hour rainfall 4.48 in.
Mean Annual Snowfall 52 in.
Annual Total Precipitation 17.6 in.
Bright Sunshine hours
Possible 4488
Maximum 2432
Minimum 1942
Mean 2247
Prevailing Wind Direction South
Average Wind Speed 9.3 m/hr.
The site is located in the River Valley, which affects is microclimate. The wind directions are altered to some degree but the prevailing direction remain south to southeast. The water and sanitation treatment plant add to the ice fog problem present in the River Valley during cold winter days. In general, this condition clears by mid day.
SOIL CONDITIONS
At the time of my visit to the Parks and Recreation Department, the soils report was not available to me. I hope to have that report shortly. EXISTING BUILDING MATERIALS IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD
The homes in the neighborhood are all sheathed in clap board. The older structures in the area, that is the school, the Donald Ross Building,
and the Rossdale Power Plant are sided in red brick. The roads are asphalt paving, with concrete sidewalks.
19

The building materials used in the Capitol City Parkway are: exposed aggregate concrete, cortair steel, interlocking brick pavers, asphalt for parking and bicycle trails, and heavy timbers for beams and trusses.
20

TOPOGRAPHY
21

UTILITIES

I

VIEWS
24

VEGETATION
AuEE^TA pitA-STErft TlmNri^ cPEMTEF

25

SOLAR ACCESS

LAND OWNERSF
|rrv C7F-
AMP fe&^EATUTH |^VAT&

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
The Edmonton City Council considered a number of site proposals for the space sciences center. Of those sites proposed, the Rossdale location is the only site where local residents will be displaced. As would be expected, the decision to build in this area has raised serious controversy.
Residents in the conmunity view their neighborhood as having historical significance. It is adjacent to a site the indians used for trading ceremonial events and sacred burial grounds. Initially, the Rossdale Study Area was the site for the third Fort Edmonton and later became a site for coal mining, market gardens and greenhouses, and the first hotel,
"Donald Ross". The homes in the area are some of the oldest in the city and reflect an architectural tradition of the early settlers. Efforts are presently underway, by the community, to organize an architectural competition for the restoration of the area.
The question which arises from this discussion is whether a planetarium and single family housing can coexist in a parklike setting. As. one resident stated, "It is not so much the space science center which is the problem, it is the notion that everything else has to go in order to build it here". This point shall be studied closely as one alternative in the development of this project.
The benefits of building in this area are readily visible. Its close proximity to the city center, and the convention center make it easily accessible for visitors to the city. The concentration of the planetarium, the military conservatory, Renfrew Park (Baseball Park) and the recently proposed aquarium ensure increased patronage to each complex as the patron is highly likely to visit more than just one of the facilities while in the area. In general, the site is centrally
28

located within the city and will reduce traveling time for the visitors to the center. As well, its connection to the Capitol City Park provides for the pedestrian and cyclists.
It should be noted here that were the majority of the dwelling units to remain, none of these benefits would be lost. In fact, it would enhance the image that these complexes are community facilities.

Special Requirements/Considerations
(a) Design of the development shall minimize or eliminate potential instability of adjacent slopes and allow for settlement on areas of fill;
(b) Removal of vegetation shall be avoided or mimimized and deposition of fill prohibited;
(c) Natural drainage lines shall be respected and surface ponding of water avoided
(d) Denuded areas shall be restored to control erosion;
(e) Where fill has been dumped directly into the River Channel, development shall be contingent upon:
(i) Removal of fill until the River Channel assumes its original shape;
(ii) Regradation of the river bank to allow low angle rest;
(iii) Installation of gabions along the base of the slope
(iv) Revegetation of the slope area immediately behind.
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Floor Fire Rating Floor assemblies above basements shall be a 2-hour
fire separation (3.2.2.11(b))
- Floor assemblies immediately above crawl spaces
shall have a 1-hour fire resistance rating (3.2.2.11(c))
- Other floor assemblies shall be 2-hour fire separation (3.2.2.11(d))
Roofs fire rating Roof Assemblies shall have a 1-hour fire-resistance
rating (3.2.2.11(F))
Partitions Fire Rating Different occupancies of the same occupancy
classification, which an occupant load exceeding 200 persons, shall be separated by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating at least equal to that required for the floor assembly on which they are located, except that such fire separation need not have a fire-resistance greater than 1 hour. (3.2.2.(1))
Exterior wall openings limitations (Table 3.2.3.A)
Number of exits required Each floor area in which there is a high
occupancy load shall conform to table 3.4.2.A.
Total # of persons
Minimum # of Exits
61-600 2
601-1000 3
over 1000 4
Arrangement of exits except where a floor area is divided by a fire
separation so that it is necessary to pass through it to travel from one exit to another exit, the least distance between 2 exits from a floor area shall be
(b) i the maximum diagonal dimension of the floor area, but not less than 30 ft. (3.4.2.2.(1))
Distance to Exits 150 ft. with sprinklers
100 ft. without sprinklers
Door with Requirements -
(a) Not more than 48 inches
(b) Not less than 24 inches if there is more than one door leaf provided
(c) Not less than 32 inches if only one door leaf (3.4.3.1(6))
Stair Width Requirements At least 44 inches (3.4.3.1.(3))
Stair Landing Requirements At least one foot wider than the width of
the door (3.4.8.15.(1))
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Corridor Widths At least 44 inches (3.4.3.1.(3))
Dead End Corridor Limits 20 Ft (3.3.4.5)
Stair & Rfllrnnv Rail Requirements Not less than 32 in., and not more
than 36 inches (3.4.8.5.(4))
Riser Tread Limits The product of the rise and run shall not be less
than 70 or greater than 75 (3.4.8.9.(1))
Ramp Requirements 1 in 10 (3.4.8.8.(1))
Vertical Openings Limits and Fire Ratings (Table 3.5.3.A) Resistance
ratings of vertical service shafts 1 hour resistance of elevator shafts 1 Â£ hour.
Exit Lighting Requirements 5 foot candles at floor level and at all
points such as angles and intersections at changes levels where there are stairs or ramps (3.2.8.1(1))
Emergency Lighting Requirements Shall be provided to average levels of
at least 1 footcandles at floor or tread level in public exits and corridors (3.2.8.2(1))
Ceiling Height Minimums The clear height above and below a mezzanine
floor assembly shall be at least 7 ft (3.6.1.1(2))
Mezzanine Restrictions Shall have a 1-hour fire-resistance rating. (3.2.2.11(e))
Standpipe Requirements 2Â£ inches diameter hose (3.2.5.4.(2))
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PROGRAMING

AN EVALUATION OF THE EXISTING PLANETARIUM
The Queen Elizabeth Planetarium is a circular structure sixty feet in diameter with a service area of slightly under two thousand square feet. The building now in its nineteenth year of operation, possesses critical spacial problems caused by both initial design and increased usage. In original concept the structure was designed to accommodate two permanent staff members with a projected annual attendance of twenty to twenty-five thousand. Since that time the planetarium staff has grown to nine permanent and as many as fifteen part-time employees, while attendance has increased to the sixty thousand per year range.
Figure 2 represents the present space planning and personnel placement. Its inadequacy may be realized by looking at specific areas of concern. These are in order of priority: public usage, staff accommodation, and servicing.
PUBLIC USAGE AREAS
The display space (which also serves as bookstore, reception and public meeting room), the star theatre (70 seat capacity), and washrooms account for 1140 square feet or 43.2% of available space in the planetarium. This relatively small area handles some sixty thousand patrons per year. Present conditions severly restrict the scope of all functions and create an intolerable degree of discomfort and overcrowding. The specific concerns are the total lack of adequate display, concession, reception, and meeting areas. These problems tend to discourage patrons from returning to the facility despite the fact that the actual theatre production may
35

have been of an extremely high quality. This is compounded still further in the case of school programming, with 250 300 children attending programmes on an average day. The physical facility is pushed beyond its functional capacity by this scale of usage and yet demand has steadily increased to the point where restrictions have been placed on facility programming with the obvious undesirable results.
STAFF ACCOMMODATION
The staffing situation has reached even more critical proportions.
The staff utilizes approximately 662 square feet or 21.4% of the facility. This space is essentially broken down into two functions, offices and work areas. The offices (202 sq.ft.) accommodate five persons, three in one area of only 68 square feet. The workshop (168 sq.ft.), due to lack of space, is without a number of necessary tools and is limited to only certain types of work, while the darkroom will remain highly restricted until further space is acquired. The audio room and library both suffer from similar and equally critical spacial problems. Further storage space is non-existent resulting in even greater stress being placed on staff and public areas. The single most significant result of this deplorable situation is a highly adverse environment in which suitable working conditions are absent and impossible to obtain. Although the staff is presently highly productive, this negative atmosphere will erode both motivation and morale, affect general quality of production, and ultimately the ability of the institution to serve the citizens of Edmonton.
SERVICING
Servicing of the building is equally restricted by its physical construction and size. At present any servicing; electrical, mechanical, or janitorial
36

is extremely difficult and in some instances impossible where malfunctions occur in inaccessible areas due to the poured concrete construction of the facility. The janitor's job is made difficult by the fact that there is no janitorial area for storage or with a water source: he must draw water from the Women's Washroom!
The Queen Elizabeth Planetarium is in 1980 obsolete and in fact, was so when its doors opened in 1960. It lacks the basic spacial requirements of even the most modest of public planetaria. If present conditions prevail, the institution will never attain the viable and dynamic role which it can and should possess in the growing metropolitan centre of Edmonton.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF REQUIREMENTS
As reviewed in the history and evaluation of the present facility, the service levels presently attainable are inadequate to meet the demands of the general public and the needs of educational institutions. In order to fill these obvious needs, the physical facility must be expanded and service levels improved.
It is proposed that the Planetarium and Space Sciences Centre will include four basic functional areas: Public Access, Administrative Offices, Support Facilities and Lease Space.
The public areas, comprising 58% of the toal facility, will include the star theatre, display area, auditorium, classroom, observation deck, observatory and washrooms, within 24400 square feet of space.
37

Foyer: Visitors will enter the complex through the eighteen hundred square feet of foyer. This will be the crossroads of the facility, being its main marshalling area. It will contain: general reception, ticket office, public washrooms, public telephones and access to all major facility elements.
The Display Area: The eleven thousand square feet of display area will fulfill two primary functions. It will encompass permanent display and feature displays. The permanent display area will be an initial exposure to the science of astronomy, inviting people into the realm of knowledge through the use of passive and active displays. Patrons will in many cases, participate in display functions, learning by trial and error, observation and experimentation. It will be a warm and inviting place preparing patrons for the dynamic environment of the star theatre. As an integral part of this area, space will be alloted for feature displays which are now unavailable to the planetarium due to existing spacial dimensions.
The Star Theatre: The new theatre will be one of the most modem design, a multi-media theatre in which the traditional planetarium programme will take on new and imaginative dimensions while accommodating many other forms of programming, both recreational and educational. These innovative programme formats include such things as multi-media shows, musical recitals, live drama, celestial navigation instruction, industrial shows, etc. The existing theatre will then be freed of its present overloading and will be utilized in small group programming (for such institutions as the School for the Deaf, the Winnifred Stewart School, the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, the Canadian Armed Forces, and others), experimental programme development, and academic research, thus giving the existing structure a new and prolonged life.
38

Auditorium: The auditorium will seat about two hundredand fifty people
and will provide programming which is not suited to the unique environment of the planetarium theatre. Included in such programming will be courses, meetings and special lectures as well as such things as film festivals, while a small fifty-seat classroom will serve smaller meetings, small group instruction and be available for auxiliary displays of various types, both related and unrelated to the facility as a whole.
Observing Deck and Observatory: These are patron participatory areas in which the general public will become involved in both naked eye and optically aided astronomy. These areas provide a highly personal and involving experience for the patrons, allowing them to actually relate to their passive and semi-passive experiences elsewhere in the facility.
This will complete the patron's total experience in their progress through facsimile and speculation toward reality.
Lease Space: The lease space will be divided into two distinct elements: the science shop and the restaurant-. The science shop will be a retail store specializing in astronomical equipment and materials as well as a wide variety of items relating to other sciences. The restaurant will have three identifiable units: a fast food cafeteria, a restaurant and a lounge. It is intended that besides producing a good quality service to facility patrons that these areas be a source of income.
Administration: The administrative block, comprising of some twenty-eight hundred square feet or 7% of the building includes offices, meeting rooms and storage areas which will provide a workable environment for the present and future of the institution. The nature of work carried out in a modern planetarium requires a number of basic conditions, among them privacy and quiet. The proposed administrative block will fulfill these needs.
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Support Areas: The support areas comprising approximately 8000 square feet or 18% of the facility are broken down into four distinct identifiable areas: production, software production, technical services and shipping and receiving. These areas will provide the facility with the majority of services required for operation, thus keeping to a minimum out of house work, and providing the capability for services to other parts of the organization.
Due to the complexity of a modern planetarium, the structure must be completed in one phase: All major areas are interrelated and dependent upon one another and must commence functioning simultaneously.
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SERVICES indoor
1. ADMINISTRATION To provide the administrative resources for the entire facility.
2. PUBLIC PROGRAMME PRODUCTION Provides all finished programming for the Star Theatre and the display area, including non-astronomical presentations.
3. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME PRODUCTION Provides all finished ciriculum oriented school programmes for the star theatre, display area, A.V. theatre and classroom.
4. COMMUNITY PROGRAMMING PRODUCTION Provides all community oriented educational programminq which includes oraanized courses both on and off-site, off-site observing sessions and the organization of star-nights.
5. AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION Provides all finished flat screen productions for the Audio Visual Theatre and city departmental consumption.
6. TECHNICAL PRODUCTION Provides all services for hardware design, development preventative maintenance, repair, fabrication, specification acguisition and installation.
7. SOFTWARE PRODUCTION Provides all in house produced Visual and Audio materials for all facets of production, i.e. (public programming, educational programming, etc.).
8. JANITORIAL SERVICE Provides for the day to day building maintenance.
9. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING (Facility) provides for the handling of all incoming and outgoing materials and supplies as well as the internal collection and distribution.
10. FOOD SERVICES Provides three levels of service fast food, traditional restaurant and lounge to be leased.
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11. RETAIL MARKETING (Bookstore) provides for the sale of a wide variety
of science related publications, materials and instruments.
12. GARBAGE COLLECTION Provides for refuse disposal for the main complex and the retail operations.
13. SECURITY SERVICES Provides for over-all building security through computer based electronic sensing.
OUTDOOR
1. FACILITY ACCESS The main entrance drive will accommodate a private vehicle drop off zone, a public Bus Stop, Charter Bus drop off zone,
a special close access zone for Handi Buses and a Taxi zone.
2. STAFF AND PUBLIC PARKING Provides adequate parking for facility staff, public and bus parking (specific size to be determined).
3. SERVICE ACCESS Provides for delivery and pick-up of materials and supplies for both the complex and the retail areas.
4. LANDSCAPING AND PARK AREAS Provides an aesthetic surrounding for the building, separating it visually from the parking lot and providing for family recreation and open play areas.
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SPACE ALLOCATION
General: PUBLIC AREAS
The public access areas are the very heart of the complex. Included are all presentation, activity and marshall ingfunctions. Each individual area must be easily identifiable and accessible to the patrons. Due to the individual uniqueness of each area, a great deal of special considerati has been given to design and function.

PUBLIC ACCESS AREAS PLANETARIUM STAR THEATRE PROJECTION BAY
Function
Activities
Space Requirements Capacity
Spacial
Relationships
To provide space for the projection of a variety of software formats into the star theatre utilizing general types of projection devices.
%
Projection
Installation
Servicing
2750 sq. ft. 255m2 N/A
Furnishings Equipment Special Requirements
The project Bay (cove) form an annular surrounding the star theatre it can be reached through the star theatre, the star theatre entrances and the technical service area via staircase.
45

PUBLIC ACCESS AREAS AUDIO VISUAL THEATRE
Function
Activities
Space Requirements Capacity
Spacial
Relationships
To provide space for the presentation of multiple Audio Visual presentations, cinema (16 mm 35 mm and possible 70 mm IMAX) and as a major meeting room.
Audio Visual presentations Cinema
Public meetings (ie., R.A.S.C. etc.)
2000 sq.ft. 186m2
220 patrons 16 wheel chairs
Furnishings Equipment Special Requirements
220 individual seats 1 lectern
The Audio Visual theatre is located at a point near the main entrance of the complex. It can be reached through the foyer just beyond the information ticket sales area.
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PUBLIC ACCESS AREA PUBLIC WASHROOMS
Function
Acti vi ti es
Space Requirements
Capaci ty
Spatial Relati onships
N/A
N/A
(Approx)
Male 300 sq. ft 28nr Female 300 sq. ft. 28m2
To be determined by building code standards.
Furnishings Equipment Sjoecial Requirements
To be determined n ^ ^ "
by building code standards
The public washrooms are located adjacent to and are accessable from the main foyer.
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General: RETAIL
The retail area is made up of two distinct segments, food services and the bookstore.
The bookstore will be located adjacent to the main lobby and be easily access able from this area. Food services area will be located in close proximity to the lobby and will serve three distinct functions cafeteria, restaurant and lounge. The food services area will be accessable from the lobby area.
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RETAIL RESTAURANT
The complex will contain a minimum of 5000 sq. ft. (464m2) of lease space for the expressed purpose of food services. There will be three distinct elements; a Fast Food Cafeteria, a Restaurant and a Lounge with associated service areas. The detailed specification of this area will be determined at a later date by the architect and the Foundation.
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RETAIL BOOKSTORE SALES AREA
Function
Acti vi ti es
Space Requirements Capaci ty
Spatial Relationships
To provide space for the display and sales of science related materials, ranging from books, charts, etc., to large amateur astronomical telescopes.
Display
Sales
Demonstration 600 sq. ft. 56 m2 2 staff
Up to thirty customers at a time
Furnishings Equipment Special Requirements
Display cases Cash register Unique security
Display shelving phone/intercom
Custom counters P.A. Speaker
Custom cabinets
to be specified
The bookstore opens onto the lobby area close to and easily identifiable from the main enterance. The only public access to the bookstore is through the lobby.
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General: ADMINISTRATION
The administrative area of the facility is designed to accormiodate the management and administrative staff providing a private and comfortable working environment. Being the main interface between the public and the facility staff, this area must have a highly positive image.
The administrative area should be designed in such a manner as to not isolate the administration from the public nor other functional areas.
It is intended that the area provide a high degree of intimacy and yet at the same time allow a continuing exposure to the day to day operations.
The administrative area should be located physically in such a manner as become an active interface between the public and support areas of the comp! It must easily be reached from the main entrance and be easily visually i denti fyable.

ADMINISTRATION RECEPTION
Functi on Activities
Space Requirements Capaci ty
Spatial
Relationships
To provide a positive interface between the public areas of the facility and the staff areas.
Reception
Telephone answering PA announcing Typing
200 sq. ft. 19m^
1 staff 2-6 visitors
Special Requirements Nil
1 Tilter Chair 1 PA System access 1 Sofa 1 Typewriter
4 Arm chairs 1 dictaphone
Furnishings Equipment
1 Steno desk 1 Phone center
Located at such a point that the reception area becomes a buffer between public and staff areas. It must be readily seen, identified and easily reached from the main entrance.
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ADMINISTRATION GENERAL OFFICE
Function Activities
Space Requirements Capaci ty
Spatial
Relationships
To provide space for the clerical staff to carry
out their duties as well as providing for general filing,
etc.
Typing
Bookkeeping
Filing
Bookings/booking confirmation
Mail sorting, receiving, distribution
400 sq. ft. 19m2
2 Staff (+2 future requirements)
2-4 visitors at a time
Furnishings Equipment Special Requirements
2 steno desk 2 phone/intercom Nil 2 steno chairs 1 PA system access 4 4 drawer 2 typewriters lateral files 2 dictaphones 2 storage cabi- 1 coffee cabinet nets 1 CRT
4 arm chairs 2 calculators 1 coffee table 1 coat storage cabinet/closet
The general office located in the administration center (the interface between the public and staff areas). The office will be reached through the reception area as well as having direct access to the main service hallway beyond the reception area. The general office will have direct access to the following areas: director, executive producer, administrative services, public relations, organizations, duplicating, board room and the staff lounge.
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ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATIONS
Function
Acti vi ti es
Space Requirements Capacity
Spatial
Relationships
The organizations office will provide space for various facility co-sponsored organizations (i .e. RASC) to maintain their files in a secure environment while also providing a shared working space for the officers of the various organizations.
General desk work File storage
100 sq. ft. 9m2
1 user
Furnishings Equipment Special requirements
1 work station 1 phone (separate Nil 1 steno chair line local
4 4-drawer calls only)
lateral files 1 public address system
The organizations office will be located in the administrative center. It will be reached through the general office and the main hallway next to the reception area.
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ADMINISTRATION - - LIBRARY
Function To provide space for a small, primarily internal use, non-lending, reference library with limited public access.
Activities Casual reading Serious study Reference to printed material
Space Requirements 300 sq. ft. 28m2
Capacity 5000 Volumes; combination of hardcover, paperbacks and periodicals. Seating capacity of 4 at 1 reference table. Furnishings Equipment Special Requirements Shelving for 1 intercom Nil 5000 volumes 4 armchairs 1 5' x 5' table
Spatial Requi rements The library is located in the Administration Centre and can be reached by the public only through Reception and by staff through the main service hall at a point beyond reception.
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General PRODUCTION
The production area is the centre of all production work. It is in essence the think tank of the facility. It may be said in terms of the production process, that all roads lead to the production centre. It is composed of offices for private work, small meeting rooms and one large activity area which replaces the conference room in traditional buildings. This is designed to the team approach to problem solving and programme production.
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PRODUCTION MEETING LOUNDE'S NUMBER 1 and NUMBER 2
Function Activities Space requirements Capacity
Spatial
Relationships.
To provide space for private meetings Frequent meeting with up to four people 2 x 100 sq. ft. 2 x 9m2 1 staff and 3 visitors per room
Furnishings Equipment Special Requirements
Each room 1 Each room 2 phone/ 1 movable wall between meeting intercom two meeting rooms
table 4 chairs
The meeting rooms are located in the production area and provide a buffer between the main service hallway and the production center and producer's office. The rooms can be reached from the main service hallway and the production center.
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PRODUCTION PRODUCTION CENTER
Function
Activities
Space requirements Capacity
Spatial
Relationships
To provide space for overall production of programming. This area will function as the work centre where all production meetings are held. It will contain all resources for production work, i.e., slide files, standard reference materials, storyboards, projection facilities and audio preview capability.
Production meeting Visual previewing Technical demonstration Story boarding Audio previewing programmic research Stock shot filing Show production filing Audio filing
800 sq. ft. 75m^
15 for meetings 3-6 at work stations
Furnishings
Equipment
Special Requirements
1 custom con- 4 phone/intercom Special power supplies to be
ference 1
table 1
22 til ter 1
chai rs
3 story board 1 work stations 1
1 large artwork 1 story board 1 10 5-unit slide-files (buck)
4 multiplex slide files 4 audio tape slide files
schedule board specified CRT Dimmer controls on clamps
custom control Separation of workstations panel from main room
dome section screen pan section screen flat screen audio preview unit
The production centre is the focus of all production work it is surrounded by the producer's offices meeting room 1 and 2 as well as having direct access to the software production centre and the technical services centre. The three work stations although being an integral part of the production centre must be independently usable while the production centre itself is in use.
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PRODUCTION PROGRAMME SPECIALISTS
Function
Acti vi ti es
Space requirements Capaci ty
Spatial
Relationships
To provide space for programme specialists to carry out that portion of their duties which require a quiet private environment.
Routine desk work private study
120 sq. ft. 11m2
Up to 4 staff at one time
Furnishings Equipment Special requirements
4 carrols 1 phone/intercom NIL
4 chairs
The programme specialists office is located in the production area and reached through the production center.
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PRODUCTION EDUCATION PROGRAMMERS
Function
Acti vi ti es
Space requirements Capacity
Spatial
Relationships
To provide space for the education programmers to carry out that portion of their duties which require a quiet private environment.
Routine desk work Private study
120 sq. ft. llm^
2 staff
Furnishings Equipment Special requirements
2 desk/runoff's 2 phone/intercom's Natural light 2 tilter chairs 2 calculators 2 bookcases 1 schedule board
The education programmer's office is located in the production area next to the office of the producer education. It can be reached through the production center.
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General: SOFTWARE PRODUCTION
Software (photography, graphics, and audio) is produced in a series of studios each uniquelly dedicated to their respective discipline. The software production centre is the creative core for all finished production materials. This area should be both functionally and environmentally condusive to creativity, reinforcing the imagination and talents of the artists working there.
Photography and graphic by nature must be almost a shared area with a natural flow between the two. Audio on the other hand requires a function, relationship to the overall building, being placed ideally near its center so that the physical audio distribution lines are as short as possible.
The software production center in general should be placed in close proximity to the production centre.
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SOFTWARE PRODUCTION AUDIO CENTRAL DISTRIBUTION CENTER
Function Activities Space requirements Capacity
Spatial
Relationships
To provide space for all major audio systems.
Audio playback
250 sq. ft. 23M2
1-2 staff for short periods
Furnishings Equipment Special Requirements
2 storage cabi- 1 phone/intercom Adequite clean llOv power nets Specific equip- supply
6-10 19" rack ment to be spe- 1 compressed air outlet units cified by Audio with pressure control
Consultants at and filter later date.
The central distribution center is located in the Audio Center. It can be reached through the main service hall and must have direct access to the studio control room.
81

Spati al Relationships
The studio control center is located in the Audio center and is reached through the main service hall. The studio control center has direct access to the studio and the central distribution center.
83

SOFTWARE PRODUCTION PHOTOGRAPHY MODEL STUDIO
Function To provide space for the photography of three dimensional
objects
Activity Model photography
Model building
Space requirements 400 sq. ft. 37m
Capaci ty
Spatial Relati onships
1 3 staff
Furnishings Equipment
1 work station 1 phone/intercom
2 stools 2 shooting plat-
1 run off table forms
4 general storage 1 lighting grid cabinets assorted floods
1 studio flash system
1 backdrop system 1 set model tools
Special requirements light tight
1 lighting control panel 1 sink with H/C water with chemical hood 1 compressed air outlet with control and filter
The model studio is located in the software production center next to photo finishing and can be reached through photo finishing as well as having direct access to the main service hallway.
86

SOFTWARE PRODUCTION PRODUCER SOFTWARE
Function
Activi ties
Space Requirements Capaci ty
Spatial
Relationships
To provide private space for the producer software to carry out his/her duties which include the overall supervision of software production and its staff.
Routine desk work Private study
Occasional meetings with 1-2 staff. 120 sq. ft. 11m2
1 Staff
1-2 visitors at a time
Furnishings Equipment
Special Requirements
1 Desk/run off
1 Tilter Chair
2 armchairs 12x2 table 1 bookcase
1 phone intercom Natural light 1 typewriter 1 calculator
The office is located in the software production center. It can be reached through the graphic studio and photo finishing. It is located next to the production center and has access to it.
90

General TECHNICAL SERVICES
Technical services performs a number of functions research and design, fabrication, preventative maintenance and repair of equipment. By the nature of work carried out (i.e., machine shop fabrication, carpentry, electronic, etc.) Provincial safety standard must be followed with regard to equipment space allocation, etc. The area must be highly functional and attention must be paid to noise and vibration transmission.
91

TECHNICAL SERVICES MECHANICAL SHOP
Function
Activities
Space requirements Capaci ty
Spatial
relationships
To provide space for the fabrication of a variety of optical mechanical systems and the safe use of machine tools.
General mechanical fabrication Equipment testing General repairs preventative maintenance
300 sq. ft. f'
1 - 2 staff
Furnishings Equipment Special requirements
2 work stations 1 phone/intercom 1 compressed air supply with
2 stools 1 metal lathe pressure control and filter
custom counter 1 milling machine
custom cabinets 1 post drill
1 bandsaw 1 bending brake 1 metal sheer 1 bench grinder
1 welding unit
2 soldering stations assorted hand tools
Located in the technical services area the mechanical shop can be reached through the main entry and must have access to the electronics shop, the optic shop the paint shop and the carpentry shop. Further via way of stair the mechanical shop should have access to the AV theatre and the star theatre.
92

TECHNICAL SERVICES PRODUCER TECHNICAL
Function
Acti vi ti es
Space Requirements Capaci ty
Spatial
Relationships
To provide private space for the producer technical
to carry out his/her duties which include the over-all
supervision of technical production and its staff.
Routine desk work Private study
Occasional meeting with 1-2 staff 120 sq. ft. llm^
1 staff
1-2 visitors at a time
Furnishings Equipment Special Requirements
1 desk/run off 1 phone/intercoir, Natural light
1 tilter chair 1 typewriter
2 armchairs 1 calculator
12x2 table
1 bookcase
The office is located in the technical services area.
It can be reached through the main entrance to technical services and should be in close proximity to the Production center.
95

TECHNICAL SERVICES INSTRUMENT SERVICES
Function
Acti vi ti es Space requirements Capaci ty
Spatial
Relationships
To provide space for the servicing of the star projector when it is in the lowered position.
Service and repair of the star projector
400 sq. ft. 37m2
1-2 staff
Furnishings
1 work station 1 stool
custom counters custom cabinets 1 intercom
Equipment Special requirements
custom scaffolding accoustical isolation 1 set special from technical services
instrument tools assorted hand tools
By the nature of work carried out the instrument service area will be directly below the center of the star theatre.
97

General BUILDING SERVICES
The building service areas include three definable spaces: mechanical, storage and janitorial. The service area is located adjacent to the service entrance and can be reached through the main access hallway and the service entrance.
98

SERVICE MECHANICAL
Function
Activities
Space requirements
Capacity
Spatial
Relationships
To provide space for the environmental control system electrical distribution, telephone distribution, etc.
N/A
1000 sq. ft. 93r/
N/A
Furnishings Equipment
Special Requirements
To be specified To be specified by the architect by the architect and appropriate and appropriate consultants consultants
To be specified by the architect and appropriate consultants
The mechanical area is located in the central core for the purpose of distribution and is well isolated from programme presentation centres. It is reached through the main access hallway near technical services and the main service entrance.
99