More than 9 million are obese or overweight. Experts predict 1 in 4 kids will be overweight by 2015

Define Overweight

Person with a BMI of 25-29.9 or who is between 25-30 lbs over recommended weight for their height

What is associated with excessive body weight?

Cardiovascular disease

type 2 diabetes

high cholesterol

osteo arthritis

some cancers

pregnancy complications

shortened life expectancy

decreased quality of life

How is BMI calculated?

BMI= 703 x weight(lb)/height to the second power (inches)

Why has cholesterol received so much attention?

Because of its direct relationship with cardiovascular disease and obesity

What are blood lipids

Also known as cholesterol and triglycerides, blood lipids are carried in the bloodstream by protein molecules known as high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL)

What is "good" cholesterol

high density lipoproteins

What is "bad" cholesterol

low-density lipoprotiens

What is healthy total cholesterol level?

less than 200 mg/dL

What is borderline high cholesterol and high risk cholesterol

200-239 mg/dL is borderline

over 240 mg/dL is high risk

How many adults have total cholesterol levels over 200 mg/dL

over 50%

What is diabetes mellitus

A condition in which blood glucose or "blood sugar" is unable to enter cells either because the pancreas is unable to produce insulin or the cells have become insulin resistant

What is type 1 diabetes?

Often called juvenile diabetes. result of the pancrease not producing insulin. blood sugar is not optimally delivered into the cells, resulting in hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar

What is type 2 diabetes?

associated with obesity, particularly abdominal obesity and accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes. Usually produce insulin but cells are resistant and do not allow insulin to bring adequate amounts of blood sugar (glucose) into the cell

What are resulting problems associated with improperly managed diabetes?

US Census Bureau reported that the proportion of the population older than 65 is projected to increase from 12.4% in 2000 to 19.6% in 2030, individuals over 80 from 9.3 million in 2000 to 19.5 million in 2030.

What is the result of Americans living longer?

Increased in chronic diseases, approx 80% of all persons older than 65 have at least one chronic condition, 50% have at least 2. 1 in 5 adults report having doctor diagnosed arthritis, leading cause of disability

What does the World Health Organization say about physical activity

Lack of physical activity as a significant contributor to the rish factors for several chronic diseases.

What is the minimum recommended level of physical activity

30 or more minutes of moderate physical activity 5 or more days per week

What is the OPT mode?

Conceptualized as a training program for a society that has more structural imbalances and susceptibility to injury than ever before. Process of programming that systematically progresses ANY client to ANY goal.

What is evidence of muscular dysfunction and increased injury

Low back pain

knee pain

musculoskeletal injuries

What is the basis for the OPT model

deconditioned individuals who have been sedentary. Must address factors such as appropriate forms of flexibility, increasing strength and endurance, training in different types of environments

What is integrated training?

a concept that incorporates all forms of training in an integrated fashion as part of a progressive system. Includes flexibility training, cardiorespiratory training; core training; balance training; plyometric (reactive) training, speed, agility and quickness, resistance training

Proprioceptively based. That means that difficulty is increased by introducing a greater challenge to the balance and stabilzation systems of the body (versus simply increasing the load)

Stabilization & neuromuscular efficiency can only be obtained by:

having the appropriate combination of proper alignment (posture) of the human movement system (kinetic chain) and the stabilization strength necessary to maintain that alignment.

What is the goal of stabilization endurance for the client?

Increase the client's ability to stabilize the joints and maintain optimal posture

Stabilization training must be done before strength and power training. Why?

Research has shown that inefficient stabilization can negatively affect the way force is produced by the muscles, increase stress at the joints, overload the soft tissues, and, eventually cause injury.

By performing exercises in a proprioceptively enriched environment (controlled, unstable)

the body is forced to recruit more muscles to stabilize itself. In doing so, more calories are potentially expended.

Maintain stabilization endurance while increasing prime mover strength. This is also the level of training an individual will progress to if his or her goals are hypertrophy or maximal strength

Hypertrophy?

increasing muscle size

maximal strength?

lifting heavy loads

What are the phases of the strength level of the OPT model?

Strength endurance

Hypertrophy

Maximal strength

What is the goal of strength endurance training?

-improve stabilization endurance and increase prim mover strength

-improve overall work capacity

-enhance joint stabilization

-increase lean body mass

What are the training strategies of strength endurance training

-Moderate loads and repetitions

-Superset

How is enhancement of stabilization endurance and increase of prime mover strength achieved?

By performing two exercises in a superset sequence with similar joint dynamics

What is a superset sequence?

Back to back without rest, first exercise is a traditional strength exercise performed in a stable environment (e.g. bench press), the second is a stabilization exercise performed in a less stable (yet controllable) environment (e.g.stability ball push up)

What is the principal behind the superset?

To work the prim movers predominantly in the first exercise to elicit prime mover strength, then immediately follow with an exercise that challenges the stabilization muscles, producing an increased ability to maintain postural stabilization and dynamic joint stabilization.