↑Stebbins,R.C. (1985) A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed., Houghton Mifflin, Boston

↑ 3.03.1Woodbury, Angus M.;Woodbury, Dixson M. (1942) Studies of the rat snake, Elaphe laeta, with description of a new subspecies, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55: 133-142

↑Boulenger, George A. (1894) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ., British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp.

↑ 5.05.1Cope, E.D. (1888) Catalogue of Batrachia and Reptilia brought by William Taylor from San Diego, Tex., Proc. US Nat. Mus. 11: 395-398