{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1847576", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1847577", "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1847578"], "description"=>"<div><p>Scaling up of insecticide treated nets has contributed to a substantial malaria decline. However, some malaria vectors, and most arbovirus vectors, bite outdoors and in the early evening. Therefore, topically applied insect repellents may provide crucial additional protection against mosquito-borne pathogens. Among topical repellents, DEET is the most commonly used, followed by others such as picaridin. The protective efficacy of two formulated picaridin repellents against mosquito bites, including arbovirus and malaria vectors, was evaluated in a field study in Cambodia. Over a period of two years, human landing collections were performed on repellent treated persons, with rotation to account for the effect of collection place, time and individual collector. Based on a total of 4996 mosquitoes collected on negative control persons, the overall five hour protection rate was 97.4% [95%CI: 97.1–97.8%], not decreasing over time. Picaridin 20% performed equally well as DEET 20% and better than picaridin 10%. Repellents performed better against <i>Mansonia</i> and <i>Culex</i> spp. as compared to aedines and anophelines. A lower performance was observed against <i>Aedes albopictus</i> as compared to <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, and against <i>Anopheles barbirostris</i> as compared to several vector species. Parity rates were higher in vectors collected on repellent treated person as compared to control persons. As such, field evaluation shows that repellents can provide additional personal protection against early and outdoor biting malaria and arbovirus vectors, with excellent protection up to five hours after application. The heterogeneity in repellent sensitivity between mosquito genera and vector species could however impact the efficacy of repellents in public health programs. Considering its excellent performance and potential to protect against early and outdoor biting vectors, as well as its higher acceptability as compared to DEET, picaridin is an appropriate product to evaluate the epidemiological impact of large scale use of topical repellents on arthropod borne diseases.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["hour protection rate", "control persons", "repellent", "deet", "vector species", "ci", "picaridin", "malaria vectors", "arbovirus vectors"], "article_id"=>1274572, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Karel Van Roey", "Mao Sokny", "Leen Denis", "Nick Van den Broeck", "Somony Heng", "Sovannaroth Siv", "Vincent Sluydts", "Tho Sochantha", "Marc Coosemans", "Lies Durnez"], "doi"=>["https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003326.s001", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003326.s002", "https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003326.s003"], "stats"=>{"downloads"=>0, "page_views"=>9, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Field_Evaluation_of_Picaridin_Repellents_Reveals_Differences_in_Repellent_Sensitivity_between_Southeast_Asian_Vectors_of_Malaria_and_Arboviruses_/1274572", "title"=>"Field Evaluation of Picaridin Repellents Reveals Differences in Repellent Sensitivity between Southeast Asian Vectors of Malaria and Arboviruses", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>4, "published_date"=>"2014-12-18 03:31:30"}

{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1847555"], "description"=>"<p>Odds ratio's (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and p-values are reported.</p><p>* The Odds Ratio (OR) gives the odds of collecting a parous mosquito in Group 1 as compared to the odds of collecting a parous mosquito in Group 2 on persons treated with repellents. If OR<1 less mosquitoes were parous in Group1, if OR>1 more mosquitoes were parous in Group 1.</p><p>**No nulliparous mosquitoes were collected on DEET 20% treated persons, as such influencing the analysis to such an extent that NAs were generated in confidence limits of ORs.</p><p>Logistic regression analysis of the effect of repellent treatment (including Ethanol as negative control) on the parity rate of the vector species.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["hour protection rate", "control persons", "repellent", "deet", "vector species", "ci", "picaridin", "malaria vectors", "arbovirus vectors"], "article_id"=>1274566, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Karel Van Roey", "Mao Sokny", "Leen Denis", "Nick Van den Broeck", "Somony Heng", "Sovannaroth Siv", "Vincent Sluydts", "Tho Sochantha", "Marc Coosemans", "Lies Durnez"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003326.t005", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>5, "page_views"=>82, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Logistic_regression_analysis_of_the_effect_of_repellent_treatment_including_Ethanol_as_negative_control_on_the_parity_rate_of_the_vector_species_/1274566", "title"=>"Logistic regression analysis of the effect of repellent treatment (including Ethanol as negative control) on the parity rate of the vector species.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-12-18 03:31:30"}

{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1847551"], "description"=>"<p>Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence interval and p-values are reported.</p>a<p>The Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) indicates for how much more (if >1) or less (if <1) mosquitoes were collected in Group 1 as compared to Group 2. In the group with the highest number of mosquitoes collected, the protective efficacy of the tested repellents is the lowest.</p>b<p>ND: Not Done. As <i>An. maculatus</i> s.s. was only collected on the negative control persons, and the model did not converge due to this event, this species was deleted from the analysis.</p><p>Negative binomial mixed effects analysis of the effect of repellent treatment and vector species on the number of mosquitoes collected per man per day.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["hour protection rate", "control persons", "repellent", "deet", "vector species", "ci", "picaridin", "malaria vectors", "arbovirus vectors"], "article_id"=>1274564, "categories"=>["Biological Sciences"], "users"=>["Karel Van Roey", "Mao Sokny", "Leen Denis", "Nick Van den Broeck", "Somony Heng", "Sovannaroth Siv", "Vincent Sluydts", "Tho Sochantha", "Marc Coosemans", "Lies Durnez"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003326.t004", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>3, "page_views"=>21, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Negative_binomial_mixed_effects_analysis_of_the_effect_of_repellent_treatment_and_vector_species_on_the_number_of_mosquitoes_collected_per_man_per_day_/1274564", "title"=>"Negative binomial mixed effects analysis of the effect of repellent treatment and vector species on the number of mosquitoes collected per man per day.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2014-12-18 03:31:30"}