msgid ""
"Stallman: I'm currently planning to start with the kernel "
"that was written at MIT and was released to the public recently "
"with the idea that I would use it. This kernel is called TRIX; it's based "
"on remote procedure call. I still need to add compatibility for a lot of "
"the features of Unix which it doesn't have currently. I haven't started to "
"work on that yet. I'm finishing the compiler before I go to work on the "
"kernel. I am also going to have to rewrite the file system. I intend to "
"make it failsafe just by having it write blocks in the proper order so that "
"the disk structure is always consistent. Then I want to add version "
"numbers. I have a complicated scheme to reconcile version numbers with the "
"way people usually use Unix. You have to be able to specify filenames "
"without version numbers, but you also have to be able to specify them with "
"explicit version numbers, and these both need to work with ordinary Unix "
"programs that have not been modified in any way to deal with the existence "
"of this feature. I think I have a scheme for doing this, and only trying it "
"will show me whether it really does the job."
msgstr ""
"Stallman: Ich möchte derzeit mit dem Kernel zu starten, das "
"wurde am MIT geschrieben und veröffentlicht wurde vor kurzem mit der Idee, "
"dass ich es benutzen würde. Dieser Kernel heißt TRIX; Es basiert auf remote-"
"Prozeduraufruf. Ich muss noch Kompatibilität für viele der Features von Unix "
"hinzufügen, die sie derzeit nicht haben. Ich habe nicht noch auf die Arbeit "
"begann. Ich bin den Compiler beenden, bevor ich zur Arbeit auf dem Kernel "
"gehen. Ich werde auch zu haben, um das Dateisystem schreiben. Ich werde es "
"machen Failsafe, gerade indem er es Blöcke in der richtigen Reihenfolge zu "
"schreiben, so dass die Datenträgerstruktur immer konsistent ist. Dann möchte "
"ich hinzufügen Versionsnummer. Ich habe eine komplizierte Regelung zu "
"vereinbaren, Version Zahlen mit der Art, wie Menschen in der Regel Unix "
"verwendet. Dateinamen ohne Versionsnummern angeben musst aber Sie müssen "
"auch in der Lage, sie mit expliziten Versionsnummern angegeben werden, und "
"diese beiden müssen mit gewöhnlichen Unix-Programmen arbeiten, die nicht in "
"irgendeiner Weise zu bewältigen, die Existenz dieses Features geändert "
"wurden. Ich glaube, ich habe ein System für dies zu tun, und nur versuchen, "
"es wird mich zeigen, ob es wirklich die Arbeit erledigt."
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"BYTE: Do you have a brief description you can give us as to "
"how GNU as a system will be superior to other systems? We know that one of "
"your goals is to produce something that is compatible with Unix. But at "
"least in the area of file systems you have already said that you are going "
"to go beyond Unix and produce something that is better."
msgstr ""
"BYTE: haben Sie eine kurze Beschreibung, die Sie können "
"uns, wie GNU als System anderen Systemen überlegen sein wird? Wir wissen, "
"dass eines Ihrer Ziele ist es, etwas zu produzieren, die mit Unix kompatibel "
"ist. Aber zumindest im Bereich der Dateisysteme Sie sagten bereits, dass Sie "
"hinausgehen, Unix und etwas, das ist besser."
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: The C compiler will produce better code and run "
"faster. The debugger is better. With each piece I may or may not find a "
"way to improve it. But there is no one answer to this question. To some "
"extent I am getting the benefit of reimplementation, which makes many "
"systems much better. To some extent it's because I have been in the field a "
"long time and worked on many other systems. I therefore have many ideas to "
"bring to bear. One way in which it will be better is that practically "
"everything in the system will work on files of any size, on lines of any "
"size, with any characters appearing in them. The Unix system is very bad in "
"that regard. It's not anything new as a principle of software engineering "
"that you shouldn't have arbitrary limits. But it just was the standard "
"practice in writing Unix to put those in all the time, possibly just because "
"they were writing it for a very small computer. The only limit in the GNU "
"system is when your program runs out of memory because it tried to work on "
"too much data and there is no place to keep it all."
msgstr ""
"Stallman: der C-Compiler besseren Code zu produzieren und "
"schneller ausgeführt wird. Der Debugger ist besser. Mit jedem Stück ich kann "
"oder kann keinen Weg finden, sie zu verbessern. Aber es gibt keine Antwort "
"auf diese Frage. In gewisser Weise erhalte ich den Vorteil der "
"Neuimplementierung wodurch viele Systeme viel besser werden. Teilweise ist "
"es weil ich schon im Feld lange und arbeitete auf vielen anderen Systemen. "
"Ich habe daher viele Ideen zu bringen. Eine Möglichkeit, in denen es besser "
"sein wird, ist, dass praktisch alles, was im System auf Dateien beliebiger "
"Größe auf Zeilen jeder Größe, mit der alle Zeichen, die in ihnen. Das Unix-"
"System ist sehr schlecht in dieser Hinsicht. Es ist nicht etwas neues als "
"ein Prinzip des Software-Engineering, du nicht willkürliche Grenzen hättest. "
"Aber es war nur die gängige Praxis schriftlich von Unix, die ganze Zeit, "
"möglicherweise setzen, nur weil sie es für einen sehr kleinen Computer "
"schreiben würden. Die einzige Grenze in das GNU System ist, wenn das "
"Programm über genügend Arbeitsspeicher ausgeführt wird, weil es versucht, zu "
"viele Daten arbeiten und es keinen Ort gibt, alles zu halten."
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: It is a change. I'm trying to change the way "
"people approach knowledge and information in general. I think that to try "
"to own knowledge, to try to control whether people are allowed to use it, or "
"to try to stop other people from sharing it, is sabotage. It is an activity "
"that benefits the person that does it at the cost of impoverishing all of "
"society. One person gains one dollar by destroying two dollars' worth of "
"wealth. I think a person with a conscience wouldn't do that sort of thing "
"except perhaps if he would otherwise die. And of course the people who do "
"this are fairly rich; I can only conclude that they are unscrupulous. I "
"would like to see people get rewards for writing free software and for "
"encouraging other people to use it. I don't want to see people get rewards "
"for writing proprietary software because that is not really a contribution "
"to society. The principle of capitalism is the idea that people manage to "
"make money by producing things and thereby are encouraged to do what is "
"useful, automatically, so to speak. But that doesn't work when it comes to "
"owning knowledge. They are encouraged to do not really what's useful, and "
"what really is useful is not encouraged. I think it is important to say "
"that information is different from material objects like cars and loaves of "
"bread because people can copy it and share it on their own and, if nobody "
"attempts to stop them, they can change it and make it better for "
"themselves. That is a useful thing for people to do. This isn't true of "
"loaves of bread. If you have one loaf of bread and you want another, you "
"can't just put your loaf of bread into a bread copier. You can't make "
"another one except by going through all the steps that were used to make the "
"first one. It therefore is irrelevant whether people are permitted to copy "
"it—it's impossible."
msgstr ""
"Stallman: It is a change. I'm trying to change the way "
"people approach knowledge and information in general. I think that to try "
"to own knowledge, to try to control whether people are allowed to use it, or "
"to try to stop other people from sharing it, is sabotage. It is an activity "
"that benefits the person that does it at the cost of impoverishing all of "
"society. One person gains one dollar by destroying two dollars' worth of "
"wealth. I think a person with a conscience wouldn't do that sort of thing "
"except perhaps if he would otherwise die. And of course the people who do "
"this are fairly rich; I can only conclude that they are unscrupulous. I "
"would like to see people get rewards for writing free software and for "
"encouraging other people to use it. I don't want to see people get rewards "
"for writing proprietary software because that is not really a contribution "
"to society. The principle of capitalism is the idea that people manage to "
"make money by producing things and thereby are encouraged to do what is "
"useful, automatically, so to speak. But that doesn't work when it comes to "
"owning knowledge. They are encouraged to do not really what's useful, and "
"what really is useful is not encouraged. I think it is important to say "
"that information is different from material objects like cars and loaves of "
"bread because people can copy it and share it on their own and, if nobody "
"attempts to stop them, they can change it and make it better for "
"themselves. That is a useful thing for people to do. This isn't true of "
"loaves of bread. If you have one loaf of bread and you want another, you "
"can't just put your loaf of bread into a bread copier. You can't make "
"another one except by going through all the steps that were used to make the "
"first one. It therefore is irrelevant whether people are permitted to copy "
"it—it's impossible."
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Books were printed only on printing presses until recently. It was possible "
"to make a copy yourself by hand, but it wasn't practical because it took so "
"much more work than using a printing press. And it produced something so "
"much less attractive that, for all intents and purposes, you could act as if "
"it were impossible to make books except by mass producing them. And "
"therefore copyright didn't really take any freedom away from the reading "
"public. There wasn't anything that a book purchaser could do that was "
"forbidden by copyright."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"But this isn't true for computer programs. It's also not true for tape "
"cassettes. It's partly false now for books, but it is still true that for "
"most books it is more expensive and certainly a lot more work to Xerox them "
"than to buy a copy, and the result is still less attractive. Right now we "
"are in a period where the situation that made copyright harmless and "
"acceptable is changing to a situation where copyright will become "
"destructive and intolerable. So the people who are slandered as “"
"pirates” are in fact the people who are trying to do something useful "
"that they have been forbidden to do. The copyright laws are entirely "
"designed to help people take complete control over the use of some "
"information for their own good. But they aren't designed to help people who "
"want to make sure that the information is accessible to the public and stop "
"others from depriving the public. I think that the law should recognize a "
"class of works that are owned by the public, which is different from public "
"domain in the same sense that a public park is different from something "
"found in a garbage can. It's not there for anybody to take away, it's there "
"for everyone to use but for no one to impede. Anybody in the public who "
"finds himself being deprived of the derivative work of something owned by "
"the public should be able to sue about it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: I don't see that that's the important "
"distinction. More people using a program means that the program contributes "
"more to society. You have a loaf of bread that could be eaten either once "
"or a million times."
msgstr ""
"Stallman: I don't see that that's the important "
"distinction. More people using a program means that the program contributes "
"more to society. You have a loaf of bread that could be eaten either once "
"or a million times."
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: I suspect that those users are misled and are not "
"thinking clearly. It is certainly useful to have support, but when they "
"start thinking about how that has something to do with selling software or "
"with the software being proprietary, at that point they are confusing "
"themselves. There is no guarantee that proprietary software will receive "
"good support. Simply because sellers say that they provide support, that "
"doesn't mean it will be any good. And they may go out of business. In "
"fact, people think that GNU EMACS has better support than commercial "
"EMACSes. One of the reasons is that I'm probably a better hacker than the "
"people who wrote the other EMACSes, but the other reason is that everyone "
"has sources and there are so many people interested in figuring out how to "
"do things with it that you don't have to get your support from me. Even "
"just the free support that consists of my fixing bugs people report to me "
"and incorporating that in the next release has given people a good level of "
"support. You can always hire somebody to solve a problem for you, and when "
"the software is free you have a competitive market for the support. You can "
"hire anybody. I distribute a service list with EMACS, a list of people's "
"names and phone numbers and what they charge to provide support."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: Well, they send them to me. I asked all the "
"people who wanted to be listed to promise that they would never ask any of "
"their customers to keep secret whatever they were told or any changes they "
"were given to the GNU software as part of that support."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: No. They can compete based on their being clever "
"and more likely to find the solution to your problem, or their already "
"understanding more of the common problems, or knowing better how to explain "
"to you what you should do. These are all ways they can compete. They can "
"try to do better, but they cannot actively impede their competitors."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"BYTE: I suppose it's like buying a car. You're not forced "
"to go back to the original manufacturer for support or continued maintenance."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: Or buying a house—what would it be like if "
"the only person who could ever fix problems with your house was the "
"contractor who built it originally? That is the kind of imposition that's "
"involved in proprietary software. People tell me about a problem that "
"happens in Unix. Because manufacturers sell improved versions of Unix, they "
"tend to collect fixes and not give them out except in binaries. The result "
"is that the bugs don't really get fixed."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: Yes. Here is another point that helps put the "
"problem of proprietary information in a social perspective. Think about the "
"liability insurance crisis. In order to get any compensation from society, "
"an injured person has to hire a lawyer and split the money with that "
"lawyer. This is a stupid and inefficient way of helping out people who are "
"victims of accidents. And consider all the time that people put into "
"hustling to take business away from their competition. Think of the pens "
"that are packaged in large cardboard packages that cost more than the "
"pen—just to make sure that the pen isn't stolen. Wouldn't it be "
"better if we just put free pens on every street corner? And think of all the "
"toll booths that impede the flow of traffic. It's a gigantic social "
"phenomenon. People find ways of getting money by impeding society. Once "
"they can impede society, they can be paid to leave people alone. The waste "
"inherent in owning information will become more and more important and will "
"ultimately make the difference between the utopia in which nobody really has "
"to work for a living because it's all done by robots and a world just like "
"ours where everyone spends much time replicating what the next fellow is "
"doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: More like policing everyone to make sure that "
"they don't have forbidden copies of anything and duplicating all the work "
"people have already done because it is proprietary."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"Stallman: From consulting. When I do consulting, I always "
"reserve the right to give away what I wrote for the consulting job. Also, I "
"could be making my living by mailing copies of the free software that I "
"wrote and some that other people wrote. Lots of people send in $150 for GNU "
"EMACS, but now this money goes to the Free Software Foundation that I "
"started. The foundation doesn't pay me a salary because it would be a "
"conflict of interest. Instead, it hires other people to work on GNU. As "
"long as I can go on making a living by consulting I think that's the best "
"way."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of:

msgid ""
"BYTE: What is currently included in the official GNU "
"distribution tape?"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: