Abstraction

Abstraction

Taking from someone with an intent to injure or defraud.

Wrongful abstraction is an unauthorized and illegal withdrawing of funds or an appropriation of someone else's funds for the taker's own benefit. It may be a crime under the laws of a state. It is different from Embezzlement, which is a crime committed only if the taker had a lawful right to possession of the money when it was first taken.

For example, if one takes properties to be sui generis entities one must decide whether such entities are abstract or concrete entities, and this decision can be influenced by metaphysical dogma such as the refusal to admit any sort of abstract entity.

In this paper I discuss and criticize some versions of a Platonist explanation of that relationship, according to which a musical work is an abstract entity, that exists independently of its performances, and whose properties determine the class of perceptible phenomena that count as performances of that work.

Compared to the macro-level model, a medium-level model represents additional real-world objects (those that are not of primary importance for the overall activities of the enterprise) as the concepts which are represented by the entity type TOOLS and additional abstract entity types which correspond to concepts relevant only for specific departments or functional areas.

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