This chapter considers four examples of ‘common property resources’: Kerala in southern India, the Sudan, southern Bahia in Brazil, and forest dwellers. ‘Traditional’ systems of management appear to ...
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This chapter considers four examples of ‘common property resources’: Kerala in southern India, the Sudan, southern Bahia in Brazil, and forest dwellers. ‘Traditional’ systems of management appear to be confined only to economically marginal segments of national populations. In all cases, the groups are relatively small. Within the groups, there was comparative homogeneity and relative equality of economic activity. With the exception of the Kerala case, the ‘management’ systems were outside the formal legal framework of society. Are traditional societies exemplars par excellence of conservation? Romanticism can lead to a ‘museum pieces’ approach with four elements (or assumptions): that people in such societies have knowledge of their physical environments and resources; the life of these societies is ‘adapted’ to their respective environments; there is ‘care’ of natural resources; and this care results in economic systems that are ‘sustainable’. These are examined with reference to the four cases, and some inferences are drawn.Less

Common-Property Resource-Management in Traditional Societies

Raymond Noronha

Published in print: 2000-11-09

This chapter considers four examples of ‘common property resources’: Kerala in southern India, the Sudan, southern Bahia in Brazil, and forest dwellers. ‘Traditional’ systems of management appear to be confined only to economically marginal segments of national populations. In all cases, the groups are relatively small. Within the groups, there was comparative homogeneity and relative equality of economic activity. With the exception of the Kerala case, the ‘management’ systems were outside the formal legal framework of society. Are traditional societies exemplars par excellence of conservation? Romanticism can lead to a ‘museum pieces’ approach with four elements (or assumptions): that people in such societies have knowledge of their physical environments and resources; the life of these societies is ‘adapted’ to their respective environments; there is ‘care’ of natural resources; and this care results in economic systems that are ‘sustainable’. These are examined with reference to the four cases, and some inferences are drawn.

The struggle for racial justice by Afro–civil society in Brazil and Salvador da Bahia is the main concern of this book. Theoretically this research aims to contribute to Latin American critical ...
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The struggle for racial justice by Afro–civil society in Brazil and Salvador da Bahia is the main concern of this book. Theoretically this research aims to contribute to Latin American critical racial theory and Afro-Brazilian social movements by providing deep insights regarding cultural politics in Salvador da Bahia by exploring the following: various and different of forms of Black consciousness and cultural expressions; different levels of political action and social mobilization by Afro-Brazilian groups; the role of Afro–civil society in relation to the state; and to critically analyze current debates on racial and gender discrimination as well as social inequality. Conceptually, this research seeks to break new ground by examining how Black politics both cultural and formal are articulated and the ways in which the state is responding to various Black demands in Brazil, particularly in Salvador da Bahia.Less

Afro-Politics and Civil Society in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil

Kwame Dixon

Published in print: 2016-03-08

The struggle for racial justice by Afro–civil society in Brazil and Salvador da Bahia is the main concern of this book. Theoretically this research aims to contribute to Latin American critical racial theory and Afro-Brazilian social movements by providing deep insights regarding cultural politics in Salvador da Bahia by exploring the following: various and different of forms of Black consciousness and cultural expressions; different levels of political action and social mobilization by Afro-Brazilian groups; the role of Afro–civil society in relation to the state; and to critically analyze current debates on racial and gender discrimination as well as social inequality. Conceptually, this research seeks to break new ground by examining how Black politics both cultural and formal are articulated and the ways in which the state is responding to various Black demands in Brazil, particularly in Salvador da Bahia.

For nearly a decade, Brazil has surpassed Thailand as the world's premier sex tourism destination. As the first full-length ethnography of sex tourism in Brazil, this pioneering study treats sex ...
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For nearly a decade, Brazil has surpassed Thailand as the world's premier sex tourism destination. As the first full-length ethnography of sex tourism in Brazil, this pioneering study treats sex tourism as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that involves a range of activities and erotic connections, from sex work to romantic transnational relationships. The book explores sex tourism in the Brazilian state of Bahia from the perspectives of foreign tourists, tourism industry workers, sex workers who engage in liaisons with foreigners, and Afro-Brazilian men and women who contend with foreigners' stereotypical assumptions about their licentiousness. The book argues that the cultural and sexual economies of tourism are inextricably linked in the Bahian capital city of Salvador. It shows how the Bahian state strategically exploits the touristic desire for exotic culture by appropriating an eroticized blackness and commodifying the Afro-Brazilian culture in order to sell Bahia to foreign travelers. The book combines historical, sociological, anthropological, cultural studies, and feminist perspectives to demonstrate how sexism, racism, and socioeconomic inequality interact in the context of tourism in Bahia.Less

Sex Tourism in Bahia : Ambiguous Entanglements

Erica Lorraine Williams

Published in print: 2013-11-15

For nearly a decade, Brazil has surpassed Thailand as the world's premier sex tourism destination. As the first full-length ethnography of sex tourism in Brazil, this pioneering study treats sex tourism as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that involves a range of activities and erotic connections, from sex work to romantic transnational relationships. The book explores sex tourism in the Brazilian state of Bahia from the perspectives of foreign tourists, tourism industry workers, sex workers who engage in liaisons with foreigners, and Afro-Brazilian men and women who contend with foreigners' stereotypical assumptions about their licentiousness. The book argues that the cultural and sexual economies of tourism are inextricably linked in the Bahian capital city of Salvador. It shows how the Bahian state strategically exploits the touristic desire for exotic culture by appropriating an eroticized blackness and commodifying the Afro-Brazilian culture in order to sell Bahia to foreign travelers. The book combines historical, sociological, anthropological, cultural studies, and feminist perspectives to demonstrate how sexism, racism, and socioeconomic inequality interact in the context of tourism in Bahia.

Tourists exult in Bahia, Brazil, as a tropical paradise infused with the black population's one-of-a-kind vitality. But the alluring images of smiling black faces and dancing black bodies masks an ...
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Tourists exult in Bahia, Brazil, as a tropical paradise infused with the black population's one-of-a-kind vitality. But the alluring images of smiling black faces and dancing black bodies masks an ugly reality of anti-black authoritarian violence. This book argues that the dialectic of glorified representations of black bodies and subsequent state repression reinforces Brazil's racially hierarchal society. Interpreting the violence as both institutional and performative, the book follows a grassroots movement and social protest theater troupe in their campaigns against racial violence. As the book reveals, economies of black pain and suffering form the backdrop for the staged, scripted, and choreographed afro-paradise that dazzles visitors. The work of grassroots organizers exposes this relationship, exploding illusions and asking unwelcome questions about the impact of state violence performed against the still-marginalized mass of Afro-Brazilians.Less

Afro-Paradise : Blackness, Violence, and Performance in Brazil

Christen A. Smith

Published in print: 2016-02-01

Tourists exult in Bahia, Brazil, as a tropical paradise infused with the black population's one-of-a-kind vitality. But the alluring images of smiling black faces and dancing black bodies masks an ugly reality of anti-black authoritarian violence. This book argues that the dialectic of glorified representations of black bodies and subsequent state repression reinforces Brazil's racially hierarchal society. Interpreting the violence as both institutional and performative, the book follows a grassroots movement and social protest theater troupe in their campaigns against racial violence. As the book reveals, economies of black pain and suffering form the backdrop for the staged, scripted, and choreographed afro-paradise that dazzles visitors. The work of grassroots organizers exposes this relationship, exploding illusions and asking unwelcome questions about the impact of state violence performed against the still-marginalized mass of Afro-Brazilians.

Brazil's northeastern state of Bahia has built its economy around attracting international tourists to what is billed as the locus of Afro-Brazilian culture and the epicenter of Brazilian racial ...
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Brazil's northeastern state of Bahia has built its economy around attracting international tourists to what is billed as the locus of Afro-Brazilian culture and the epicenter of Brazilian racial harmony. Yet this inclusive ideal has a complicated past. Chronicling the discourse among intellectuals and state officials during the period from the abolition of slavery in 1888 to the start of Brazil's military regime in 1964, this book uncovers how the state's non-white majority moved from being a source of embarrassment to being a critical component of Bahia's identity. It examines ideas of race in key cultural and public arenas through a close analysis of medical science, the arts, education, and the social sciences. As the book argues, although Bahian racial thought came to embrace elements of Afro-Brazilian culture, the presentation of Bahia as a “living museum” threatened by social change portrayed Afro-Bahian culture and modernity as necessarily at odds.Less

Brazil's Living Museum : Race, Reform, and Tradition in Bahia

Anadelia A. Romo

Published in print: 2010-05-14

Brazil's northeastern state of Bahia has built its economy around attracting international tourists to what is billed as the locus of Afro-Brazilian culture and the epicenter of Brazilian racial harmony. Yet this inclusive ideal has a complicated past. Chronicling the discourse among intellectuals and state officials during the period from the abolition of slavery in 1888 to the start of Brazil's military regime in 1964, this book uncovers how the state's non-white majority moved from being a source of embarrassment to being a critical component of Bahia's identity. It examines ideas of race in key cultural and public arenas through a close analysis of medical science, the arts, education, and the social sciences. As the book argues, although Bahian racial thought came to embrace elements of Afro-Brazilian culture, the presentation of Bahia as a “living museum” threatened by social change portrayed Afro-Bahian culture and modernity as necessarily at odds.

Salvador da Bahia is a major port and it has been the center of colonialism for the past two hundred years. It was the place for slave importation and the center of the sugar industry, and these two ...
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Salvador da Bahia is a major port and it has been the center of colonialism for the past two hundred years. It was the place for slave importation and the center of the sugar industry, and these two aspects tied the blacks to slavery. In the years that have passed, Salvador was subjected to change as industry, economy, and trade moved to the south of Brazil. Although Salvador has undergone changes, its interior remains an agricultural region where the patron–client relationship still remains. Presently, Salvador has a central black community and is a center of African-derived religions. It is known as the Rome of the Afro-Brazilian religion and the center of Afro-Brazilian cultural traditions and racial consciousness. This chapter explores how ethnic consciousness is constructed and how anti-racist activism is enacted within the context of different religious, political and cultural backgrounds, and groups in Salvador. This chapter focuses on the different discourses on African-Brazilian identity among several Catholic, Evangelical Catholic, and Candomblé groups. The chapter also looks at the struggles of the African-derived religion in relation to the Christian religion as well as the role of this religion in constructing the Afro-Brazilian identity and in shaping a stand against racism. The chapter also looks beyond the religious arena of where Afro-Brazilian cultural affirmations and political activism are fully relevant and distinguishable.Less

Catholicism and Afro-Brazilian Identity

Stephen Selka

Published in print: 2007-12-01

Salvador da Bahia is a major port and it has been the center of colonialism for the past two hundred years. It was the place for slave importation and the center of the sugar industry, and these two aspects tied the blacks to slavery. In the years that have passed, Salvador was subjected to change as industry, economy, and trade moved to the south of Brazil. Although Salvador has undergone changes, its interior remains an agricultural region where the patron–client relationship still remains. Presently, Salvador has a central black community and is a center of African-derived religions. It is known as the Rome of the Afro-Brazilian religion and the center of Afro-Brazilian cultural traditions and racial consciousness. This chapter explores how ethnic consciousness is constructed and how anti-racist activism is enacted within the context of different religious, political and cultural backgrounds, and groups in Salvador. This chapter focuses on the different discourses on African-Brazilian identity among several Catholic, Evangelical Catholic, and Candomblé groups. The chapter also looks at the struggles of the African-derived religion in relation to the Christian religion as well as the role of this religion in constructing the Afro-Brazilian identity and in shaping a stand against racism. The chapter also looks beyond the religious arena of where Afro-Brazilian cultural affirmations and political activism are fully relevant and distinguishable.

Chapter one provides a brief discussion of the cultural history of Salvador da Bahia; the social landscape and demographic profile of contemporary Salvador, and reviews key Afro-Bahian cultural ...
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Chapter one provides a brief discussion of the cultural history of Salvador da Bahia; the social landscape and demographic profile of contemporary Salvador, and reviews key Afro-Bahian cultural formations (Candomblé, Capoeira) and other identity platforms, and the rise of cultural and formal politics in Brazil and Salvador. This section highlights Salvador—one of the oldest cities in the Americas and the third-largest city in Brazil—as a vibrant city, home to one of the largest, most politically active and diverse Black populations in the Americas.Less

The Political and Social Landscape of Salvador da Bahia

Kwame Dixon

Published in print: 2016-03-08

Chapter one provides a brief discussion of the cultural history of Salvador da Bahia; the social landscape and demographic profile of contemporary Salvador, and reviews key Afro-Bahian cultural formations (Candomblé, Capoeira) and other identity platforms, and the rise of cultural and formal politics in Brazil and Salvador. This section highlights Salvador—one of the oldest cities in the Americas and the third-largest city in Brazil—as a vibrant city, home to one of the largest, most politically active and diverse Black populations in the Americas.

This chapter examines the racialization of trafficking-related discourse in ways that reflect state migration policies in Brazil. In particular, it shows how trafficking discourse is used as a ...
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This chapter examines the racialization of trafficking-related discourse in ways that reflect state migration policies in Brazil. In particular, it shows how trafficking discourse is used as a convenient mechanism to deny Afro-Brazilian women who work as prostitutes in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, their right to freedom of movement, and thus their opportunities for transnational mobility. It first discusses public debates surrounding sex tourism as well as the effects and limitations of anti-sex tourism campaigns launched by the state and civil society in Bahia, with particular emphasis on the work of the nongovernmental organization CHAME. It then considers how such campaigns often reproduce stereotypical images and sensationalized stories that contribute to a “moral panic” over interracial sex and transnational border crossings. It also describes the work of the Association of Prostitutes of Bahia as a model for untangling the sex work-trafficking conflation.Less

Erica Lorraine Williams

Published in print: 2011-12-01

This chapter examines the racialization of trafficking-related discourse in ways that reflect state migration policies in Brazil. In particular, it shows how trafficking discourse is used as a convenient mechanism to deny Afro-Brazilian women who work as prostitutes in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, their right to freedom of movement, and thus their opportunities for transnational mobility. It first discusses public debates surrounding sex tourism as well as the effects and limitations of anti-sex tourism campaigns launched by the state and civil society in Bahia, with particular emphasis on the work of the nongovernmental organization CHAME. It then considers how such campaigns often reproduce stereotypical images and sensationalized stories that contribute to a “moral panic” over interracial sex and transnational border crossings. It also describes the work of the Association of Prostitutes of Bahia as a model for untangling the sex work-trafficking conflation.

Amidst rumors of a Spanish takeover of Brazil, Count Maurits plotted to advance the interests of the Company, ultimately planning to increase the size of his fleet in order to transport sugar by ...
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Amidst rumors of a Spanish takeover of Brazil, Count Maurits plotted to advance the interests of the Company, ultimately planning to increase the size of his fleet in order to transport sugar by destroying the Spanish ships. He was also determined to attack the city of Salvador de Bahia by cutting off their access to provisions. This victory would give the Dutch complete control of Brazil. However, the town had been prepared by warnings from deserters, and the Count's plan was thwarted.Less

Caspar van Baerle

Published in print: 2011-09-25

Amidst rumors of a Spanish takeover of Brazil, Count Maurits plotted to advance the interests of the Company, ultimately planning to increase the size of his fleet in order to transport sugar by destroying the Spanish ships. He was also determined to attack the city of Salvador de Bahia by cutting off their access to provisions. This victory would give the Dutch complete control of Brazil. However, the town had been prepared by warnings from deserters, and the Count's plan was thwarted.

This chapter examines the urban preservation, cultural heritage and place marketing at the Pelourinho located in Salvador, Bahia, in Brazil. It explains that the Pelourinho's renovation is part of a ...
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This chapter examines the urban preservation, cultural heritage and place marketing at the Pelourinho located in Salvador, Bahia, in Brazil. It explains that the Pelourinho's renovation is part of a series of cultural revitalization initiatives and urban planning interventions that seek to associate history and culture with entertainment for the purpose of the development of tourism. The findings indicate that many aspects of the intervention at the Pelourinho are similar to those found in several projects around the world, particularly in terms of the way that city history, urban restructuring, and tourism interconnect.Less

Revisiting the Pelourinho : Preservation, Cultural Heritage, and Place Marketing in Salvador, Bahia

Ana FernandesMarco A. A. De Filgueiras Gomes

Published in print: 2008-12-01

This chapter examines the urban preservation, cultural heritage and place marketing at the Pelourinho located in Salvador, Bahia, in Brazil. It explains that the Pelourinho's renovation is part of a series of cultural revitalization initiatives and urban planning interventions that seek to associate history and culture with entertainment for the purpose of the development of tourism. The findings indicate that many aspects of the intervention at the Pelourinho are similar to those found in several projects around the world, particularly in terms of the way that city history, urban restructuring, and tourism interconnect.