For his breakthrough in metathesis, American chemist Robert H. Grubbs was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2005. His honors were shared with Yves Chauvin and Richard R. Schrock.

Metathesis is a chemical reaction in which atom groups break away and reform, "switching partners". It is used in organic chemistry and pharmaceutical research, and Grubbs' work has led to more efficient, simpler and more environmentally benign ways to synthesize medicines and plastics.