During a new moon, how much of the moon receives direct
sunlight from the sun?

The sun always shines on half of the moon, including during a new moon when, from Earth, the moon seems to have gone dark. During a new moon, the moon is between the sun and Earth, the moon's sun-...
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When NASA was communicating with astronauts on the Moon the time from sending to receiving was 1.28 s What is the distance to the Moon based on this?