Conditions InDepth: Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection. It produces a widespread itchy rash and crusting. The varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox. The virus can spread from person to person via:

Airborne droplets of moisture containing the virus

Direct contact with fluid from a chickenpox rash

The virus is most contagious for 1-2 days before the rash erupts and during the first day or so after the rash has broken out. It remains contagious until all of the blisters have crusted.

Because of an extensive
vaccination
program, the incidence of chickenpox has declined greatly in the United States. The majority of cases occur in infants, children, and adolescents under age 14. The incidence among adults 20 or older is very low. When contracted during childhood, chickenpox is usually not serious. Serious complications are more common when contracted by adolescents, adults, newborns, or people with a suppressed immune system. These complications can include:

If a susceptible mother catches chickenpox while pregnant, damage to the baby may occasionally result. Some associated birth defects include: poor growth of arms or legs, skin scarring, small head, and perhaps intellectual disability or other abnormalities of the nervous system

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.