The trial was very small and carried out in two stages. The first stage involved 55 patients, and was simply to find the most suitable dose.

In the second stage, 32 patients whose cancers were caused by BRAF mutations were given the drug at this dose. Of these, 26 patients’ tumours shrank by 30 per cent or more, and in two of these patients, the cancers disappeared completely.

“These results are extremely exciting. This is the first time in over 30 years that this level of response has been seen in melanoma patients in any clinical trial.

“While these results are very promising, there is still work to be done. Although patients initially respond they can often relapse during treatment, so now we need to learn how to get longer lasting responses in these patients.”

This last point is crucial. There’s no hard evidence – yet – that the drug actually prolongs patients’ lives. The trial has only demonstrated that it can cause tumours to shrink. Although several patients’ cancers eventually became resistant to the drug, we need more research to work out how best to use this addition to the doctor’s toolbox before we can be certain that this is going to save lives.

But for now, the results of these small, early trials show great promise, and we’ll be keeping an eye on what happens next.

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