The E2F transcription factors are critical downstream targets of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) pathway. A component of the pRB pathway is mutated in most human tumors resulting in deregulation of cell cycle control ...

Apoptosis or programmed cell death was originally defined by evolutionarily conserved morphological characteristics that include shrinkage of cell volume and chromatin condensation. Apoptosis functions as a highly controlled ...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major healthcare concern in both developed and developing nations. The principal cause of CHD is atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty deposits in vessel walls. SR-BI/apoE double knockout ...

Cytosine-5-methylation has been associated with repression of transcription across eukaryotic phyla. In mammals, defects in methylation are associated with disease, developmental defects, and lethality. Furthermore, ...

When different cells thrive across diverse environments, their genetic differences can reveal what genes are essential to survival in a particular environment. Prochlorococcus, a cyanobacterium that dominates the open ...

Discrimination among pathogenic and beneficial microbes is essential for host organism immunity and homeostasis. Increasingly, the nervous system of animals is being recognized as an important site of bacterial recognition, ...

Dietary restriction (DR), the limitation of food intake below the ad libidum (AL) level without malnutrition, extends mean and maximum lifespan in every organism in which it has been tested. Perhaps even more significantly, ...

The cells of metazoan organisms possess the capability to commit a form of cellular suicide known as programmed cell death or apoptosis. The proper control of this endogenous death program is essential to animal development ...