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an irregular growth developing as a fold in the conjunctiva,usually on the nasal side of the cornea that can disrupt vision if it extends over the pupil

presbyopia

a refractive error occurring after the age 40 when the lens of the eye cannot focus on an image accurately due to its decreasing loss of elasticity

ophthalmia neonatorum

a purulent inflammation of the conjunctiva and-or cornea in the newborn

nystagmus

vertical,horizontal,rotary or mixed rhythmic involuntary movements of the eye caused by use of alcohol or certain drugs,lesions on the brain or inner ear,congenital abnormalities,nerve injury at birth,or abnormal retinal development

nyctalopia (night blindness)

inadequate vision at night or in infant lighting following reduction in the synthesis of rhodopsin,a compound in the rods of the retina that enables the eye to adjust to low density light

myopia

a refractive error in which lens of the eye cannot focus on an image accurately,resulting in impaired distant vision that is blurred due to the light rays being focused in front of the retina because the eyeball is longer than normal

macular degeneration

progressive deterioration of the retinal cells in the macula due to aging,known as senile or age-related macular degernation this condition is a common and progressive cause of visual deficiency and permanent reading impairment in the adult over 65

uveitis

inflammation of all or part of the middle vascular layer of the eye made of the iris,the ciliary body,and the choroid

trachoma

an infectious eye disease caused by chlamydia tachomatis, which is chronic and will lead to blindness without effective treatment

synechia

an adhesion in the eye that develops as a complication of trauma or surgery, or as a secondary condition of one of the following pathological conditions;catracts,glucoma,keratitis or uveitis

strabismus

failure of the eyes to gaze in the same direction due to weakness in the muscles controlling the position of 1 eye,the most common type of strabismus is nonparalytic strabismus-inheriteed defect in which the eye position of the 2 eyes has no relationship

scotoma

defined area in one or both eyes that has a decreased visual functon

scleritis

the presence of inflammation in the white,outside covering of the eyeball(the sclera)

retinal tear

an opening in the retina that allows leckage of vitreous humor

retinal detachment

the partial or complete splitting away of the retina from the pigmented vascular layer called the choroid,interrupting vascular supply to the retina and thus creating a medical emergency

corneal transplant

surgical transplantation of a donor cornea(cadaver's) in the eye of a recipient,usually under local anesthesia

electronystagmography

a group of tests used in evaluating the vestibulo-ocular reflex

electroretinogram (erg)

a recording of the changes in the electrical potential of the retina after the stimulation of light

iridectomy

extraction of a small segment of the iris open an anterior chamber angle and permit the flow of aqueous humor between the anterior and posterior chambers,thus relieving the persons intraocular pressure

intraocular lens implant

an intraocular lens implant is the surgical process of catract extraction and the insertion of an artificial lens in the patients eye.the restores visual acuity & provides improved depth perception,light refraction, and binocular vision

gonioscopy

process of viewing the anterior chamber angle of the eye for evaluation,management & classification of normal & abnormal angle structures

fluorscein staining

application of a fluroescein-stained sterile filter paper strip moistened with a few drops of sterile saline or sterile anesthetic solution to the lower cul-de-sac of the eye to visualize a corneal abrasion

extracapsular cataract extraction (ecce)

surgical removal of the anterior segment of the lens capsule along with the lens,allowing for the insertion lens implant

keratoplasty

the transplantation of corneal tissue from one human eye to another to improve vision in the affected eye;also called corneal grafting

laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik)

procedure is a form of laser vision correction for nearsightedness (myopia)

ophthlmoscopy

the examination of the external and internal structures of the eye with an instrument called an ophthalmocscope

pachymetry

the measurement of the thickness of the cornea

phacoemulsification

is a method of removing a lens by using ultrasound vibrations to split up the lens material into tiny particles that can be suctioned out of the eye

trabeculopasty

the surgical creation of a permanent fistula used to drain fluid(aqueous humor) from the eye's anterior chamber,usually performed under general anesthesia

trabecuectomy

the surgical excision of a portion of corneoscleral tissue to decrease the intraocular pressure in persons with severe glaucoma

tonometry

the process of determining the intraocular pressure by calculating the resistance of the eyeball to an applied force causing indentation

slit-lamp exam

examination of the external & internal structures of the eye using low-power microscope combined with a high-intensity light source that can be focused to shine as a slit beam; also known as biomicroscopy

retinal photocoagulation

surgical procedure that uses an argon laser to treat conditions such as glaucoma,retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy in the following ways; diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment

photo-refractive keratectomy

surgical procedure in which a few layers of corneal surface cells are shaved off by an "excimer laser beam" to flatten the cornea and reduce myopia(near sight ness)