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en-usSun, 02 Aug 2015 17:46:01 -0500Wolters Kluwer Health RSS Generatorhttp://images.journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/XLargeThumb.00126548-201508000-00000.CV.jpeghttp://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/pages/viewallmostpopulararticles.aspx
http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2011/08000/To_Crunch_or_Not_to_Crunch__An_Evidence_Based.2.aspx
THE CRUNCH AND ITS MANY VARIATIONS HAVE LONG BEEN CONSIDERED A STAPLE EXERCISE IN FITNESS PROGRAMS. HOWEVER, RECENTLY, SOME FITNESS PROFESSIONALS HAVE QUESTIONED THE WISDOM OF PERFORMING FLEXION-BASED SPINAL EXERCISES, SUCH AS THE CRUNCH. CONCERNS ARE USUALLY PREDICATED ON THE BELIEF THAT THE SPINE HAS A FINITE NUMBER OF BENDING CYCLES AND THAT EXCEEDING THIS LIMIT WILL HASTEN THE ONSET OF VERTEBRAL DEGENERATION. THIS ARTICLE WILL SEEK TO REVIEW THE RESEARCH PERTAINING TO THE RISKS OF PERFORMING DYNAMIC SPINAL FLEXION EXERCISES AND WILL DISCUSS THE APPLICATION OF THESE FINDINGS TO EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.]]>Mon, 01 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201108000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2013/12000/Training_for_Prevention_of_ACL_Injury__.10.aspx
ABSTRACT: ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) INJURIES ARE PREVALENT IN SPORTS, WITH A HIGH CHANCE OF REINJURY AFTER SURGERY AND A 50% CHANCE OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN LATER LIFE. PREVENTION OF THESE INJURIES IS ESSENTIAL; HOWEVER, MOST PROGRAMS, ALTHOUGH EFFECTIVE INITIALLY, MAY HAVE LOW ADHERENCE AND TRANSFERENCE TO SPORT BECAUSE OF THEIR LONG DURATION AND CLOSED SKILL (ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN A SELF-PACED STABLE PREDICTABLE TRAINING ENVIRONMENT) APPROACH. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO PROVIDE AN ABBREVIATED AND INTEGRATED ACL INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM THAT ALSO INCORPORATES OPEN-SKILL RANDOM PRACTICE (NOT PREPLANNED) ACTIVITIES, WHICH SHOULD INCREASE TRANSFERENCE TO THE LESS PREDICTABLE AND MORE CHAOTIC SPORTING ENVIRONMENTS. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SEE VIDEO, SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A127.]]>Sun, 01 Dec 2013 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201312000-00010http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/04000/Strength_Training_for_Endurance_Athletes___Theory.1.aspx
ABSTRACT: THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW IS TWOFOLD: TO ELUCIDATE THE UTILITY OF RESISTANCE TRAINING FOR ENDURANCE ATHLETES, AND PROVIDE THE PRACTITIONER WITH EVIDENCED-BASED PERIODIZATION STRATEGIES FOR CONCURRENT STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE TRAINING IN ATHLETIC POPULATIONS. BOTH LOW-INTENSITY EXERCISE ENDURANCE (LIEE) AND HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE ENDURANCE (HIEE) HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE AS A RESULT OF MAXIMAL, HIGH FORCE, LOW VELOCITY (HFLV) AND EXPLOSIVE, LOW-FORCE, HIGH-VELOCITY STRENGTH TRAINING. HFLV STRENGTH TRAINING IS RECOMMENDED INITIALLY TO DEVELOP A NEUROMUSCULAR BASE FOR ENDURANCE ATHLETES WITH LIMITED STRENGTH TRAINING EXPERIENCE. A SEQUENCED APPROACH TO STRENGTH TRAINING INVOLVING PHASES OF STRENGTH-ENDURANCE, BASIC STRENGTH, STRENGTH, AND POWER WILL PROVIDE FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS IN LIEE AND HIEE FOR HIGH-LEVEL ENDURANCE ATHLETES.]]>Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201504000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2014/08000/Strength_and_Conditioning_for_Soccer_Players.1.aspx
ABSTRACT: SOCCER IS CHARACTERIZED AS A HIGH-INTENSITY, INTERMITTENT, CONTACT TEAM SPORT THAT REQUIRES A NUMBER OF PROFICIENT PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES TO PERFORM SUCCESSFULLY. APART FROM THE NECESSARY TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL SKILLS REQUIRED, SOCCER PLAYERS MUST ALSO DEVELOP AND RETAIN A HIGH LEVEL OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONING, SPEED, AGILITY, STRENGTH, AND POWER. THESE ARE BEST DEVELOPED THROUGH HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING, SMALL-SIDED GAMES, REPEATED SPRINTS, COACHED SPEED AND AGILITY SESSIONS AND STRENGTH AND POWER-BASED GYM SESSIONS. SOCCER COACHES AND STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES MUST WORK COHESIVELY TO ENSURE A STRUCTURED AND EFFECTIVE PROGRAM IS ADHERED TO.]]>Fri, 01 Aug 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201408000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Nutritional_Ergogenic_Aids_in_Tennis___A_Brief.1.aspx
ABSTRACT: IN RECENT YEARS, THE INTEREST OF ERGOGENIC AIDS HAS GROWN IN THE COMPETITIVE SPORTS ARENA. AS A RESULT, SUPPLEMENTATION COMPANIES HAVE FOUND A NEW MARKET AND HAVE CREATED AN ARRAY OF PRODUCTS TARGETING COMPETITIVE ATHLETES. HOWEVER, ONLY A FEW LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS HAVE BEEN RECOGNIZED BY SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE AS BEING ABLE TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE CAFFEINE, CREATINE, AND BICARBONATE. MORE RECENTLY, OTHER SUBSTANCES SUCH AS β-ALANINE AND NITRIC OXIDE PRECURSORS HAVE SHOWN ERGOGENIC EFFECTS, BUT MORE RESEARCH IS NEEDED. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO PROVIDE TENNIS COACHES AND SPORTS SCIENCE RESEARCHERS THE LATEST INFORMATION.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Protein_Applications_in_Sports_Nutrition_Part_II__.3.aspx
ABSTRACT: A NUMBER OF KEY CONSIDERATIONS EXIST REGARDING PROTEIN, INCLUDING OVERT REQUIREMENTS, QUALITY, AND DOSING. IN ADDITION, ATHLETES AND RESEARCHERS HAVE CLOSELY EXAMINED THE IMPACT OF PROTEIN AND NUTRIENT TIMING ON ACUTE AND PROLONGED ADAPTATIONS TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXERCISE WITH MIXED RESULTS. THE PATTERN OF MEAL AND PROTEIN CONSUMPTION SEEMS TO EXERT AN IMPACT ON CHANGES RELATED TO HEALTH, BODY COMPOSITION, AND MUSCLE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. PROTEIN IS A KEY NUTRIENT FOR INDIVIDUALS LOOKING TO LOSE WEIGHT, REDUCE THEIR BODY FAT, AND IMPROVE THEIR HEALTH. FINALLY, PROTEIN INTAKE CONTINUES TO BE A KEY VARIABLE FOR ATHLETES LOOKING TO GAIN STRENGTH, POWER, AND FAT-FREE MASS.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00003http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2011/12000/Strength_and_Conditioning_for_Grappling_Sports.4.aspx
THE GRAPPLING SPORTS OF JUDO, JIU-JITSU, AND WRESTLING REQUIRE THE ATHLETE TO BE IN PEAK PHYSICAL SHAPE. SPECIFIC TRAINING TARGETING ALL HEALTH- AND SKILL-RELATED FITNESS CONDITIONING COMPONENTS IS NEEDED TO MAXIMIZE SUCCESS IN GRAPPLING SPORTS. STRENGTH AND CONDITION PROGRAMS FOR GRAPPLERS CONSIST OF WEIGHT, PLYOMETRIC, AGILITY, FLEXIBILITY, SPEED, AND AEROBIC TRAINING ALL PROPERLY PERIODIZED AND INTEGRATED WITH SPORT PRACTICE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE AT THE APPROPRIATE TIME.]]>Thu, 01 Dec 2011 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201112000-00004http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Does_Flexibility_Exercise_Affect_Running_Economy_.2.aspx
ABSTRACT: A CRITICAL COMPONENT OF RUNNING PERFORMANCE IS RUNNING ECONOMY (RE). SOME FACTORS THAT DETERMINE RE ARE UNABLE TO BE CHANGED THROUGH TRAINING, WHEREAS OTHER COMPONENTS OF RE CAN BE ALTERED THROUGH EXERCISE, WITH OTHER RE FACTORS BEING LESS MODIFIABLE THROUGH TRAINING. THE EFFECT OF FLEXIBILITY (FLX) ON RE IS LESS RESEARCHED AND NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO EXPLAIN RE, DISCUSS IF A CORRELATION EXISTS BETWEEN FLX AND RE, EXAMINE IF ACUTE STRETCHING (STR) AFFECTS RE, REVIEW IF CHRONIC STR AFFECTS RE, AND PROVIDE CONCLUDING STATEMENTS ON THE EFFECTS OF FLX AND STR ON RE.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Training_Considerations_for_Individuals_With.4.aspx
ABSTRACT: FEMORAL ACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT (FAI) IS A CONDITION WHEREBY INDIVIDUALS EXPERIENCE PAIN AND IMPAIRMENTS AS A RESULT OF ABNORMAL CONTACT BETWEEN THE ACETABULUM AND PROXIMAL FEMUR. THIS IS OFTEN CAUSED BY AN ABNORMALLY SHAPED FEMORAL HEAD OR ACETABULAR RIM. BECAUSE OF THIS STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITY, CERTAIN LOWER EXTREMITY EXERCISES MAY PERPETUATE SYMPTOMS OF FAI AS A RESULT OF POSITIONING. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY AND PROVOCATING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAI. PRACTICAL EXERCISE-BASED MODIFICATIONS SPECIFIC TO FAI ARE PRESENTED IN AN EFFORT TO MITIGATE THE IMPAIRMENT SEQUELA AND PROMOTE PAIN-FREE TRAINING.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00004http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/10000/Protein_Requirements_for_Strength_Training.14.aspx
SUMMARY: THIS REVIEW EXAMINES THE LITERATURE ON PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS FOR STRENGTH TRAINING AND PROVIDES PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS WITH REGARDS TO THE AMOUNT AND TIMING OF PROTEIN INTAKE. BY ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON PROTEIN METABOLISM, EXCESSIVELY HIGH PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS FOR STRENGTH TRAINING MAY BE EXPELLED. FURTHERMORE, AN EXAMINATION INTO THE RELIABILITY OF PROTEIN TURNOVER MEASUREMENT MODELS, INCLUDING THE NITROGEN BALANCE METHOD AND TRACER METHODS, UNDERLINES THE LACK OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR THE HABITUAL HIGH PROTEIN INTAKE CURRENTLY ESTABLISHED WITHIN THOSE WHO UNDERTAKE STRENGTH TRAINING.]]>Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201210000-00014http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/06000/The_Youth_Physical_Development_Model___A_New.8.aspx
SUMMARY: THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS IN YOUNG ATHLETES IS A RAPIDLY EXPANDING FIELD OF INTEREST FOR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES, PHYSICAL EDUCATORS, SPORTS COACHES, AND PARENTS. PREVIOUS LONG-TERM ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT MODELS HAVE CLASSIFIED YOUTH-BASED TRAINING METHODOLOGIES IN RELATION TO CHRONOLOGIC AGE GROUPS, AN APPROACH THAT HAS DISTINCT LIMITATIONS. MORE RECENT MODELS HAVE ATTEMPTED TO BRIDGE MATURATION AND PERIODS OF TRAINABILITY FOR A LIMITED NUMBER OF FITNESS QUALITIES, ALTHOUGH SUCH MODELS APPEAR TO BE BASED ON SUBJECTIVE ANALYSIS. THE YOUTH PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL PROVIDES A LOGICAL AND EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH TO THE SYSTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG ATHLETES.]]>Fri, 01 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201206000-00008http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/12000/Training_Principles_for_Power.2.aspx
SUMMARY: THE ABILITY TO EXPRESS HIGH POWER OUTPUTS IS CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF THE FOUNDATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS UNDERLYING SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE IN A VARIETY OF SPORTING ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING JUMPING, THROWING, AND CHANGING DIRECTION. NUMEROUS TRAINING INTERVENTIONS HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED TO ENHANCE THE ATHLETE’S ABILITY TO EXPRESS HIGH POWER OUTPUTS AND IMPROVE THEIR OVERALL SPORTS PERFORMANCE CAPACITY. THIS BRIEF REVIEW EXAMINES THE FACTORS THAT UNDERLIE THE EXPRESSION OF POWER AND VARIOUS METHODS THAT CAN BE USED TO MAXIMIZE POWER DEVELOPMENT.]]>Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201212000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/02000/Weightlifting_Movements_From_Full_Extension___The.1.aspx
ABSTRACT: WEIGHTLIFTING MOVEMENTS REQUIRE SUFFICIENT BODY SPEED TO SQUAT DOWN AND CATCH THE BARBELL. BODY SPEED CAN ONLY BE MAXIMIZED IF THE CORRECT POSITIONS ARE REACHED BEFORE THE TURNOVER AND CATCH PHASES. THE SNATCH FROM FULL EXTENSION (SFFE) AND THE CLEAN FROM FULL EXTENSION (CFFE) ALLOW THE ATHLETE TO TRANSITION FROM THE FULL EXTENSION POSITION TO A QUICK SQUAT UNDERNEATH THE BARBELL. THE SFFE AND CFFE CAN BE INCLUDED INTO THE WARM-UP OR COOL-DOWN PERIODS OF A TRAINING SESSION, FOCUSING ON THE RESPECTIVE LIFTS. CORRECT BODY POSITIONS AND SPEED, AS OPPOSED TO BARBELL LOAD, SHOULD BE EMPHASIZED.]]>Sun, 01 Feb 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201502000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2013/02000/Repeat_Sprint_Ability.5.aspx
SUMMARY: SPRINT SPEED IS RELATED TO THE ABILITY TO DEPLETE LARGE AMOUNTS OF HIGH-ENERGY PHOSPHATES AT A FAST RATE. TO SPRINT REPEATEDLY, THE AEROBIC SYSTEM MUST RESYNTHESIZE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, REMOVE ACCUMULATED INTRACELLULAR INORGANIC PHOSPHATE, AND OXIDIZE LACTATE DURING REST PERIODS. WHETHER THIS CAN BE APPRECIABLY IMPROVED VIA A HIGH V[Combining Dot Above]O2MAX REMAINS CONTROVERSIAL. HOWEVER, IT IS LIKELY IMPROVED VIA ANAEROBIC QUALITIES SUCH AS STRENGTH, POWER, AND SPEED, ALONG WITH THE ATHLETE'S VELOCITY AT ONSET OF BLOOD LACTATE ACCUMULATION. WHEN REPORTING REPEAT SPRINT ABILITY TEST RESULTS, TOTAL OR MEAN TIME SHOULD BE USED.]]>Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201302000-00005http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/The_Bunkie_Test.11.aspx
ABSTRACT: THE TECHNIQUE FOR ADMINISTERING THE BUNKIE TEST, WHICH IS AN ASSESSMENT OF MUSCLE ENDURANCE, LENGTH, AND FUNCTION OF CORE STABILIZING MUSCLES, IS DESCRIBED. THIS TEST CAN HELP STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONALS SELECT EXERCISES AND IMPROVE THEIR CLIENT'S CORE STABILITY.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00011http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Dumbbell_Power_Clean,_Front_Squat,_and_Power_Jerk.10.aspx
ABSTRACT: POWER DEVELOPMENT IS AN IMPORTANT TRAINING GOAL FOR MANY ATHLETES, AND THE WEIGHTLIFTING MOVEMENTS ARE EFFECTIVE AT DEVELOPING THIS QUALITY. HOWEVER, MUSCULAR ENDURANCE IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION FOR MANY ATHLETES. THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES HOW THE WEIGHTLIFTING MOVEMENTS, AND THEIR ASSOCIATED TRAINING EXERCISES, WHEN PERFORMED IN COMBINATION, CAN HAVE A POSITIVE EFFECT ON MUSCULAR ENDURANCE.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00010http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/04000/The_Back_Squat___Targeted_Training_Techniques_to.2.aspx
ABSTRACT: THE BACK SQUAT IS A WELL-RESEARCHED AND WIDELY USED EXERCISE TO ENHANCE FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT COMPETENCY THAT CREATES A FOUNDATION FOR OPTIMAL MECHANICAL STRATEGIES DURING A BROAD RANGE OF ACTIVITIES. THE PRIMARY COMMENTARY INTRODUCED THE BACK SQUAT ASSESSMENT (BSA): A CRITERION-BASED ASSESSMENT OF THE BACK SQUAT THAT DELINEATES 30 POTENTIALLY OBSERVABLE FUNCTIONAL DEFICITS. THIS FOLLOW-UP COMMENTARY PROVIDES A TARGETED SYSTEM OF TRAINING CUES AND EXERCISES TO SUPPLEMENT THE BSA TO GUIDE CORRECTIVE INTERVENTION. WE PROPOSE A CRITERION-DRIVEN APPROACH TO CORRECTIVE EXERCISE THAT CAN SUPPORT PRACTITIONERS IN THEIR GOAL TO HELP INDIVIDUALS ACHIEVE MOVEMENT COMPETENCY IN THE BACK SQUAT.]]>Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201504000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2014/04000/The_Increasing_Role_of_the_Hip_Extensor.7.aspx
ABSTRACT: HIP EXTENSION MOMENTS INCREASE TO A MUCH GREATER DEGREE THAN KNEE EXTENSION MOMENTS WITH INCREASING LOADS DURING THE SQUAT, LUNGE, AND DEADLIFT EXERCISES AND WITH INCREASING RUNNING SPEEDS, JUMP HEIGHTS, AND LATERAL AGILITY MANEUVERS. THEREFORE, HIP EXTENSION TRAINING SHOULD BE PRIORITIZED IN ATHLETIC CONDITIONING BY (A) USING HIP-DOMINANT EXERCISES IN THE ATHLETE'S PROGRAM, (B) EMPHASIZING HEAVIER LOADS DURING COMPOUND LOWER-BODY RESISTANCE EXERCISES AS THE ATHLETE MATURES, AND (C) INCORPORATING LOADS THAT MAXIMIZE THE HIP EXTENSION MOMENT DURING EXPLOSIVE LOWER-BODY TRAINING.]]>Tue, 01 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201404000-00007http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Is_Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training_Beneficial_for.5.aspx
ABSTRACT: BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION (BFR) TRAINING INVOLVES USING SPECIALIZED STRAPS TO INTENTIONALLY REDUCE CIRCULATION (OCCLUDE) TO EXERCISING MUSCLES. THE ADDITION OF BFR TO STANDARD TRAINING APPROACHES RESULTS IN GREATER MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS IN UNTRAINED AND CLINICAL POPULATIONS. HOWEVER, ITS IMPLICATIONS IN HEALTHY ATHLETES HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED. THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE A CONCISE OVERVIEW OF THE PRACTICALITY OF BFR TRAINING FOR ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE. ALTHOUGH INITIAL FINDINGS SHOW PROMISE, BFR TRAINING IS RELATIVELY NEW AND MORE RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO ESTABLISH SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VOLUME, INTENSITY, FREQUENCY, EXERCISE SELECTION, DURATION, AND STRAP PRESSURE.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00005http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/What_Else_Is_in_Your_Supplement__A_Review_of_the.6.aspx
ABSTRACT: THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF THE EFFECTIVENESS, SAFETY, AND DOSAGES OF THE LESSER-KNOWN, BUT COMMONLY ADDED, SUPPORTIVE INGREDIENTS IN MULTI-INGREDIENT PERFORMANCE SUPPLEMENTS (MIPS). PRIMARY INGREDIENTS THAT ARE WELL KNOWN AND PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED (I.E., CAFFEINE, CREATINE, BETA-ALANINE) ARE EXCLUDED FROM THIS REVIEW. THE IMPROVEMENTS REPORTED ARE COMMONLY MEDIATED BY SECONDARY MECHANISMS SUCH AS IMPROVED BLOOD FLOW, PROTEIN BALANCE, METABOLISM, AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS. OVERWHELMING EVIDENCE EXISTS SUGGESTING THAT THE SUPPORTIVE INGREDIENTS IN MIPS ARE SAFE TO USE; HOWEVER, THE AMOUNT PRESENT IN MOST MIPS IS LIKELY TOO SMALL TO ELICIT STRENGTH, POWER, OR RECOVERY RESPONSES.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00006http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2013/12000/Strength_and_Conditioning_for_Sprint_Swimming.1.aspx
ABSTRACT: CONSIDERABLE IMPROVEMENTS CAN BE MADE FROM LAND-BASED STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING (S&C) FOR SPRINT SWIMMING. THE BASIS OF TRAINING SHOULD AIM TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE, WITH PARTICULAR FOCUS ON THE START AND TURN, WHERE THE S&C COACH CAN ATTEMPT TO MAXIMIZE GROUND REACTION FORCES. THE POTENTIAL FOR INJURIES IN BOTH THE LOWER AND UPPER BODY SHOULD ALSO BE ADDRESSED, WITH SPECIFIC ATTENTION ON THE KNEE AND SHOULDER JOINTS. THEREFORE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE WAS TO PROVIDE S&C PROFESSIONALS WITH A REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE SURROUNDING THE BIOMECHANICS OF STARTS AND TURNS AND HOW ITS APPLICATION CAN ENHANCE SWIMMING PERFORMANCE. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SEE VIDEO, SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A130.]]>Sun, 01 Dec 2013 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201312000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Agility_Training_for_Experienced_Athletes___A.8.aspx
SUMMARY: RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT AGILITY IS A TRAINABLE MOTOR SKILL THAT CAN BE ACQUIRED THROUGH PROPER PROGRESSIVE PRACTICE. THIS PAPER IDENTIFIES AND DISCUSSES PERTINENT CONCEPTS IN MOTOR LEARNING TO ASSIST ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE COACHES WITH THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFECTIVE AGILITY PROGRAM FOR EXPERIENCED OR TRAINED INDIVIDUALS.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00008http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2010/12000/In_Season_Strength_and_Power_Training_for.10.aspx
STRENGTH AND POWER PERFORMANCE ARE 2 MAJOR FACTORS RELATED TO PERFORMANCE FOR PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES STRATEGIES FOR STRENGTH AND POWER DEVELOPMENT IN PROFESSIONAL MALE ELITE TEAM HANDBALL PLAYERS.]]>Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201012000-00010http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Considerations_for_Improving_Triceps_Surae.9.aspx
ABSTRACT: TRICEPS SURAE FLEXIBILITY EXERCISES ARE ROUTINELY PRESCRIBED AS A COMPONENT OF LOWER EXTREMITY FITNESS AND REHABILITATION PROGRAMS. FLEXIBILITY DEFICITS, ADDRESSED WITHOUT CONSIDERATION OF HINDFOOT POSITION, MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH AND PERPETUATE FOOT AND ANKLE PAIN. THIS COLUMN PRESENTS AN EVIDENCE-BASED MODIFICATION TO A TRADITIONAL TRICEPS SURAE STRETCHING EXERCISE.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00009http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2013/06000/Preseason_Training_for_Youth_Baseball_Players.9.aspx
ABSTRACT: THE GOAL OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE INTERESTED READERS WITH EXAMPLES OF 6-WEEK PRESEASON TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR YOUTH BASEBALL PLAYERS AGED 7–14 YEARS THAT ARE EVIDENCE BASED, RELATE TO THE MOVEMENTS OF THE GAME, AND DO NOT TAKE A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF EQUIPMENT OR TIME TO COMPLETE. COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN THIS YOUTH ARTICLE ARE AN EXAMPLE WEEKLY TRAINING SCHEDULE, PLYOMETRIC, RESISTANCE TRAINING, AND ROTATOR CUFF EXERCISES, AS WELL AS AGE-SPECIFIC LONG TOSS THROWING PROGRAMS.]]>Sat, 01 Jun 2013 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201306000-00009http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/12000/Biomechanics_of_Power_in_Sport.4.aspx
SUMMARY: SUCCESS IN MANY ATHLETIC AND SPORTING ACTIVITIES MAY BE ENHANCED BY THE ABILITY TO OPTIMIZE MUSCULAR POWER OUTPUT. THIS ARTICLE WILL PRESENT THE BIOMECHANICAL DEFINITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS, AND APPLICATIONS OF POWER IN SPORT.]]>Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201212000-00004http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2011/08000/A_Performance_Evaluation_of_the_Tennis_Serve_.5.aspx
THE TENNIS SERVE IS THE MOST POWERFUL AND POTENTIALLY DOMINANT SHOT IN TENNIS, YET VERY FEW PLAYERS PERFORM THIS WITH MAXIMUM VELOCITY, POWER, OR SPIN ON A CONSISTENT BASIS. THIS ARTICLE WILL DISCUSS 3 PHASES AND 8 STAGES OF THE TENNIS SERVE WITH HIGHLIGHTED EVALUATION MARKERS THAT CAN AID THE COACH OR TRAINER IN DEVELOPING TRAINING PROGRAMS WITH SPECIFIC EXERCISES AND DRILLS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THE ATHLETE'S TENNIS SERVE. THE 8 STAGES ARE THE (A) START, (B) RELEASE, (C) LOADING, (D) COCKING, (E) ACCELERATION, (F) CONTACT, (G) DECELERATION, AND (H) FINISH. THIS ARTICLE WILL HIGHLIGHT COMMON FLAWS IN TECHNIQUE AND PROVIDE SUGGESTED EXERCISES AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE RELIABILITY, VELOCITY, AND SPIN OF THE SERVE.]]>Mon, 01 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201108000-00005http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2014/12000/The_Back_Squat___A_Proposed_Assessment_of.2.aspx
ABSTRACT: FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT COMPETENCY IS ESSENTIAL FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION AND FOR REDUCING INJURY RISK, WHICH ARE BOTH KEY ELEMENTS OF HEALTH PROMOTION. THE SQUAT MOVEMENT PATTERN IS ARGUABLY ONE OF THE MOST CRITICAL FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS NECESSARY TO IMPROVE SPORT PERFORMANCE, TO REDUCE INJURY RISK, AND TO SUPPORT LIFELONG PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. BASED ON CURRENT EVIDENCE, THIS FIRST (1 OF 2) REPORT DECONSTRUCTS THE TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE BACK SQUAT AND PRESENTS A NOVEL DYNAMIC SCREENING TOOL THAT INCORPORATES IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES FOR KNOWN FUNCTIONAL DEFICITS. THE FOLLOW-UP REPORT WILL OUTLINE TARGETED CORRECTIVE METHODOLOGY FOR EACH OF THESE FUNCTIONAL DEFICITS.]]>Mon, 01 Dec 2014 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201412000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/02000/Practical_Aspects_of_Precooling_for_Competition_in.7.aspx
ABSTRACT: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, PARTICULARLY HEAT, CAN HAVE AN IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE. PRECOOLING AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING PERFORMANCE IN HOT AND HUMID ENVIRONMENTS HAS BECOME POPULAR IN BOTH TEAM AND ENDURANCE SPORTS. ALTHOUGH A VARIETY OF PRECOOLING METHODS HAVE BEEN RESEARCHED AND USED IN THE FIELD, THERE IS VERY LITTLE RESEARCH ON THE PRACTICALITIES OF USING THE VARIOUS COOLING METHODS WITH TEAMS OR INDIVIDUAL ATHLETES. THIS ARTICLE WILL DISCUSS THE PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING A PRECOOLING REGIME.]]>Sun, 01 Feb 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201502000-00007http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2013/04000/Assessment_and_Contributors_of_Punching_Forces_in.1.aspx
ABSTRACT: PUNCHING IS A KEY COMPONENT OF STRIKING-BASED COMBAT SPORTS. IT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN BOXING THAT THE ABILITY TO APPLY FORCE VIA PUNCHING TO AN OPPONENT IS PARAMOUNT TO VICTORY. AS SUCH, IT BEHOOVES STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONALS TO IMPROVE THE PUNCHING FORCE OF COMBAT SPORTS ATHLETES IN GENERAL. THIS REVIEW EXPLORES CURRENT RESEARCH INTO THE ASSESSMENT OF PUNCHING FORCES AND CONTRIBUTORS OF PUNCHING FORCES, SPECIFICALLY GROUND REACTION FORCES. SUCH INFORMATION IS VITAL FOR ENHANCING THE SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF PUNCHING AND THUS THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMUM STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING STRATEGIES.]]>Mon, 01 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201304000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2013/02000/Strength_and_Conditioning_for_Fencing.1.aspx
SUMMARY: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INTO FENCING IS SPARSE AND LITTLE RELATES TO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING. IN OUR EXPERIENCE OF WORKING WITHIN FENCING, IT IS A PREDOMINATELY ANAEROBIC SPORT CHARACTERISED BY EXPLOSIVE HIGH-POWER MOVEMENTS. CONSEQUENTLY, FENCERS SHOULD BE CAUTIOUS OF SOME OF THE TRADITIONAL TRAINING METHODS CURRENTLY USED SUCH AS LONG SLOW DISTANCE RUNNING BECAUSE THIS IS LIKELY TO BE COUNTERPRODUCTIVE TO PERFORMANCE. INSTEAD, EXERCISES AND CONDITIONING DRILLS THAT DEVELOP REPEAT LUNGE ABILITY, STRENGTH, AND POWER SHOULD BE USED. THE HIGH PROPORTION OF LUNGING ALSO DICTATES THE NEED FOR ECCENTRIC STRENGTH AND CONTROL AND THE ABILITY TO REDUCE MUSCLE DAMAGE.]]>Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201302000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/04000/Effects_and_Mechanisms_of_Tapering_in_Maximizing.3.aspx
ABSTRACT: TAPERING FOR MAXIMAL STRENGTH REQUIRES REDUCTIONS IN TRAINING LOAD TO RECOVER FROM THE FATIGUE OF TRAINING. IT IS PERFORMED BEFORE IMPORTANT COMPETITIONS TO ALLOW OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE AT SPECIFIC EVENTS. REDUCTIONS IN TRAINING VOLUME, WITH MAINTAINED OR SMALL INCREASES IN TRAINING INTENSITY, SEEM MOST EFFECTIVE FOR IMPROVING MUSCULAR STRENGTH. TRAINING CESSATION MAY ALSO PLAY A ROLE, WITH LESS THAN 1 WEEK BEING OPTIMAL FOR PERFORMANCE MAINTENANCE, AND 2–4 DAYS APPEARING TO BE OPTIMAL FOR ENHANCED MAXIMAL MUSCULAR STRENGTH. IMPROVED PERFORMANCE MAY BE RELATED TO MORE COMPLETE MUSCLE RECOVERY, GREATER NEURAL ACTIVATION, AND AN ENHANCED ANABOLIC ENVIRONMENT.]]>Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201504000-00003http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/08000/Nutrient_Timing_for_Resistance_Exercise.2.aspx
SUMMARY: RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPROVES LEAN BODY MASS AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH. THE ADDITION OF HIGH-QUALITY PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE TAKEN IMMEDIATELY AFTER RESISTANCE EXERCISE ENHANCES THE ANABOLIC RESPONSE TO AN ACUTE BOUT OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE. THIS CONCEPT OF FOCUSING ON “WHEN TO EAT” IN RELATION TO THE RESISTANCE EXERCISE BOUT IS KNOWN AS NUTRIENT TIMING. THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE CONCEPT OF NUTRIENT TIMING AND ITS IMPACT ON RECOVERY, NET PROTEIN BALANCE, AND IMPROVING MUSCLE MASS AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH.]]>Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201208000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/04000/Protein_Applications_in_Sports_Nutrition_Part_I__.6.aspx
ABSTRACT: PROTEIN, A KEY MACRONUTRIENT, IS NEEDED BY THE BODY TO REPAIR AND BUILD NEW CELLULAR STRUCTURES. EXERCISING INDIVIDUALS PARTICIPATING IN BOTH AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC ACTIVITIES REQUIRE GREATER AMOUNTS OF PROTEIN (1.2–1.6 G·KG−1·D−1) IN THEIR DIET. PROTEIN QUALITY IS EVALUATED PRIMARILY BY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID CONTENT (8–12 G) AND DIGESTIBILITY CORRECTED AMINO ACIDS (PDCAA) SCORES (1.0–1.2+). FLESH (BEEF, PORK, POULTRY, AND FISH), DAIRY (WHEY, CASEIN, MILK, AND CHEESE), EGG, AND PLANT (VEGETABLE, SOY, ETC.) RANGE IN QUALITY (PDCAAS: 0.74–1.2+) AND OTHER PROPERTIES THAT FURTHER IMPACT HEALTH. OPTIMAL DOSING (∼20–25 G; 8–12 G ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS) IS IMPORTANT TO MAXIMALLY STIMULATE MUSCLE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND PROMOTE A POSITIVE MUSCLE PROTEIN BALANCE.]]>Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201504000-00006http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2014/08000/Power_Development_for_Golf.6.aspx
ABSTRACT: GOLF IS A POPULAR SPORT ATTRACTING PARTICIPATION FROM ALL AGE GROUPS. THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL WILL OFTEN ENCOUNTER GOLFERS WHO ARE LOOKING TO IMPROVE THEIR GAME THROUGH ROTATIONAL POWER DEVELOPMENT. BY GAINING A SOUND UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROTATIONAL POWER IN THE GOLFER, THE EXERCISE PROFESSIONAL WILL BE BETTER ABLE TO ADDRESS THIS NEED. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO DISCUSS POWER DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES, ADDRESS GOLF-SPECIFIC POWER DEVELOPMENT, AND GIVE SOME SPECIFIC EXERCISE OPTIONS THAT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED.]]>Fri, 01 Aug 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201408000-00006http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2011/10000/The_Upright_Row__Implications_for_Preventing.2.aspx
TRAINING PROGRAMS ARE OFTEN INCLUSIVE OF EXERCISES DESIGNED TO ACHIEVE STRENGTH AND HYPERTROPHY OF THE MIDDLE DELTOIDS AND UPPER TRAPEZIUS. THE “UPRIGHT ROW” IS ONE OF THE MORE COMMON EXERCISES PERFORMED; HOWEVER, ITS EXECUTION IS NOT WITHOUT RISK, PARTICULARLY IN THE POPULATION WITH DOCUMENTED SHOULDER DISORDERS, SUCH AS SUBACROMIAL IMPINGEMENT. IMPLICATIONS SPECIFIC TO THE UPRIGHT ROW EXERCISE ARE DISCUSSED IN THIS COLUMN AS WELL AS MODIFICATIONS APPLICABLE TO BOTH THE SYMPTOMATIC AND THE ASYMPTOMATIC POPULATIONS.]]>Sat, 01 Oct 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201110000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/02000/How_to_Incorporate_Eccentric_Training_Into_a.2.aspx
ABSTRACT: ECCENTRIC TRAINING AND ECCENTRIC MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS FOCUS ON ACTIVE LENGTHENING WHILE LOADED. WHEN COMPARED WITH CONCENTRIC MOVEMENTS, ECCENTRIC ACTIONS YIELD GREATER FORCE LEVELS WITH CONCOMITANT LOWER NEUROMUSCULAR ACTIVATION LEVELS. ECCENTRIC TRAINING IS MAINLY INCORPORATED INDIRECTLY BY STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING AND FITNESS PROFESSIONALS LEADING TO IT BEING OFTEN UNDERUSED AND UNDERVALUED. ECCENTRIC TRAINING CAN READILY BE INCORPORATED INTO A TRAINING PROGRAM ALONG WITH THE USE OF NONTRADITIONAL EXERCISES FOR ALL POPULATIONS. THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE SCIENCE OF ECCENTRIC TRAINING AND EXTENDS THIS SCIENCE BY FOCUSING ON PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS. SUGGESTED PROGRESSIONS ARE PROVIDED DEPENDING ON TRAINING BACKGROUND ALONG WITH CASE STUDY SCENARIOS.]]>Sun, 01 Feb 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201502000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/12000/Underlying_Mechanisms_and_Physiology_of_Muscular.3.aspx
SUMMARY: THE UNDERLYING BASIS OF POWER IS THE OPTIMAL RECRUITMENT OF MOTOR UNITS THAT ALLOW FOR THE NEEDED FORCE AT A GIVEN VELOCITY OF MOVEMENT. POWER IS AN IMPORTANT PHYSICAL CAPABILITY FOR ANY ATHLETE IN TODAY’S COMPETITIVE SPORTS. POWER IS EXPRESSED FOR ANY MOVEMENT RANGING FROM 0 W IN ISOMETRIC MUSCLE ACTIONS TO MORE THAN 10,000 W IN A VERTICAL JUMP. THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM THAT SUPPORTS THESE ARRAYS OF POWER PRODUCTION OUTCOMES IS DEPENDENT UPON A VARIETY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS (E.G., MUSCLE FIBER TYPES) AND MECHANISMS (E.G., SIZE PRINCIPLE). PROPER PROGRAM DESIGN IS DEPENDENT UPON UNDERSTANDING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF POWER.]]>Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201212000-00003http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/08000/Caffeine,_Energy_Drinks,_and_Strength_Power.3.aspx
SUMMARY: CAFFEINE AND ENERGY DRINKS ARE POPULAR SUPPLEMENTS THAT HAVE VARIABLE USES IN BOTH ATHLETIC AND NONATHLETIC POPULATIONS. EVIDENCE HAS BEEN RELATIVELY CONSISTENT IN SHOWING THE EFFICACY OF THESE “HIGH-ENERGY” COMPOUNDS IN ENHANCING ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE, BUT LESS IS UNDERSTOOD REGARDING ITS ERGOGENIC POTENTIAL IN STRENGTH/POWER ACTIVITIES. THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON THE EFFICACY ON THESE PRODUCTS (CAFFEINE BY ITSELF OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER INGREDIENTS) ON STRENGTH/POWER PERFORMANCE AND REACTION TIME. IN ADDITION, DISCUSSION ON THE EFFICACY OF CAFFEINE DURING PROLONGED ACTIVITY AND ITS ROLE DURING TACTICAL PERFORMANCE IS ADDRESSED.]]>Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201208000-00003http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2011/06000/Hamstring_Strains__Basic_Science_and_Clinical.5.aspx
HAMSTRING INJURIES OCCUR FREQUENTLY, WITH A HIGH RECURRENCE RATE, IN SPORTS THAT REQUIRE EITHER HIGH-SPEED SKILLED MOVEMENTS OR EXCESSIVE HIP FLEXION WITH KNEE EXTENSION. A PREVIOUS HAMSTRING INJURY IS THE GREATEST RISK FACTOR FOR A FUTURE HAMSTRING INJURY, WHICH HAS LED SPORTS MEDICINE PROFESSIONALS TO SEARCH FOR IMPROVED POSTINJURY REHABILITATION STRATEGIES. ATHLETES MAY SHOW POSTINJURY STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE MUSCLE-TENDON UNIT AND BE AT RISK FOR REINJURY FOR UP TO A YEAR AFTER RETURN TO SPORT. UNDERSTANDING THE POSTINJURY CHANGES CAN HELP CREATE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR APPROPRIATE RECONDITIONING AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE PROGRAMS.]]>Wed, 01 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201106000-00005http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/04000/The_Single_Leg_Wall_Squat_With_a_Stability_Ball.7.aspx
ABSTRACT: THE SINGLE LEG WALL SQUAT WITH A STABILITY BALL IS A MULTIJOINT LOWER-BODY EXERCISE THAT CAN INCREASE HIP, SPINE, AND KNEE JOINT STABILITY, LOWER-BODY MUSCULAR STRENGTH, AND PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVITES REQUIRING HIGH LEVELS OF RELATIVE STRENGTH. THIS EXERCISE AND ITS VARIATIONS CAN BE PROGRESSED, REGRESSED, AND PERFORMED THROUGHOUT A TRAINING YEAR. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES A DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND FIGURES OF THE PROPER EXERCISE TECHNIQUE FOR A SINGLE LEG WALL SQUAT WITH A STABILITY BALL.]]>Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201504000-00007http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2014/06000/Strength_and_Conditioning_Strategies_for_Females.1.aspx
ABSTRACT: MILITARY PERSONNEL ARE REQUIRED TO POSSESS A MYRIAD OF PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES THAT DRAW ON ALL FACETS OF PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FITNESS. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF MILITARY OCCUPATIONAL TASKS CAN POTENTIALLY CHALLENGE MULTIPLE COMPONENTS OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM CONTINUUM. STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAMS FOR FEMALE SOLDIERS SHOULD BE PERIODIZED, TASK-SPECIFIC TRAINING. THIS ARTICLE WILL DISCUSS PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH REGARDING PHYSICAL RESPONSES TO VARIOUS EXERCISE STIMULI AND MILITARY MOVEMENTS, THE IMPORTANCE OF A PERIODIZED PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR FEMALE SOLDIERS, AND SUGGEST TRAINING STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL AND MILITARY PERFORMANCE.]]>Sun, 01 Jun 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201406000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2011/06000/Real_Time_Assessment_and_Neuromuscular_Training.2.aspx
SOME ATHLETES MAY BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO AT-RISK KNEE POSITIONS DURING SPORTS ACTIVITIES, BUT THE UNDERLYING CAUSES ARE NOT CLEARLY DEFINED. THIS ARTICLE SYNTHESIZES IN VIVO, IN VITRO, AND IN SILICO (COMPUTER-SIMULATED) DATA TO DELINEATE LIKELY RISK FACTORS TO THE MECHANISM(S) OF NONCONTACT ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) INJURIES. FROM THESE IDENTIFIED RISK FACTORS, WE WILL DISCUSS NEWLY DEVELOPED REAL-TIME SCREENING TECHNIQUES THAT CAN BE USED IN TRAINING SESSIONS TO IDENTIFY MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS. TECHNIQUES PROVIDED WILL TARGET AND CORRECT ALTERED MECHANICS THAT MAY REDUCE OR ELIMINATE RISK FACTORS AND AID IN THE PREVENTION OF NONCONTACT ACL INJURIES IN HIGH-RISK ATHLETES.]]>Wed, 01 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201106000-00002http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2011/04000/Preseason_Performance_Testing_Battery_for_Men_s.1.aspx
DESPITE THE INCREASED PARTICIPATION IN THE SPORT OF MEN'S LACROSSE, THERE REMAINS A PAUCITY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING DATA REGARDING THE CORPOREAL DEMANDS OF THE SPORT. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE WAS TO PRESENT A PRESEASON TESTING BATTERY IMPLEMENTED TO TAX THE SPORT-SPECIFIC PHYSICAL RIGORS OF MEN'S LACROSSE. THE TESTING BATTERY PRESENTED HAS BEEN EMPLOYED ON A NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION DIVISION III MEN'S LACROSSE TEAM AND INCORPORATES THE ASSESSMENTS OF SPEED, AGILITY, STRENGTH, ENDURANCE, AND BODY COMPOSITION.]]>Fri, 01 Apr 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201104000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/04000/Maximum_Speed___Misconceptions_of_Sprinting.7.aspx
SUMMARY: DESPITE THE RESEARCH AVAILABLE TO COACHES AND PERFORMANCE PROFESSIONALS, TRAINING METHODOLOGY FOR SPRINTING AT MAXIMUM SPEED IS OFTEN MUDDLED BY ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE. THESE APPROACHES DEVIATE FROM SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT RESULTING IN MISDIRECTED ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE. THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE ON 3 PROMINENT CONSTRUCTS IN THIS AREA: (A) ACHIEVING MAXIMUM SPEED OVER SHORT DISTANCES (<30 M), (B) ROLE OF THE GASTROCNEMIUS-SOLEUS-ACHILLES COMPLEX IN SPRINT PERFORMANCE, AND (C) THE PHASE OF THE SPRINT CYCLE THAT LIKELY PLAYS A DOMINANT ROLE IN ACHIEVING MAXIMUM SPEED. THE DATA PRESENTED UNDERPINS AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH FOR SPEED TRAINING.]]>Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201204000-00007http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/02000/Limiting_Lower_Back_Injuries_With_Proper_Technique.3.aspx
ABSTRACT: THE PURPOSE OF THIS COMMENTARY IS TO PROVIDE A BASIC OVERVIEW FOR COACHES AND STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PRACTITIONERS TO USE IN COLLABORATION WITH THE ATHLETIC TRAINING STAFF TO MODIFY THE RISK OF LOW-BACK INJURIES IN THEIR ATHLETES. SAFETY, SCREENING, AND STRENGTHENING ARE 3 KEY AREAS DISCUSSED, AND EXAMPLES OF PRACTICAL EXERCISES ARE PROVIDED THAT MAY BE IMPLEMENTED IN A COACHING ENVIRONMENT.]]>Sun, 01 Feb 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201502000-00003http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2013/12000/Exercise_to_Improve_Bone_Mineral_Density.9.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Dec 2013 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000126548-201312000-00009http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2013/10000/Core_Muscle_Activation_and_Activity_Throughout_the.1.aspx
ABSTRACT: THE GOLF SWING REQUIRES SPECIFIC MUSCLE CONTRACTION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO COMPILE A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW OF CORE MUSCLE ACTIVITY WITHIN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE GOLF SWING. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO CAPTURE ALL ARTICLES APPLICABLE. A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS WAS UNDERTAKEN. THE SEARCH RESULTED IN 150 ARTICLES, 59 OF WHICH MET INCLUSION CRITERIA; 16 WERE CONCERNED WITH CORE MUSCLES WITHIN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE GOLF SWING. AVAILABLE RESEARCH IS LIMITED TO SPECIFIC MUSCLE GROUPS AND ONLY ADDRESSES CERTAIN PHASES OF THE GOLF SWING. NO DATA PORTRAYS THE ACTIVITY OF CORE MUSCLES DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE GOLF SWING.]]>Tue, 01 Oct 2013 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201310000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/04000/Implement_Training_for_Concentric_Based_Muscle.1.aspx
SUMMARY: RECENTLY, THERE HAS BEEN GREATER USE OF IMPLEMENTS IN STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING THAT ALLOW ATHLETES TO COMPLETE MOVEMENTS WHILE MINIMIZING OR ELIMINATING ECCENTRIC STRESS. THE USE OF SLEDS DURING TRAINING IS AN EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THESE TOOLS THAT IS A NOVEL IMPLEMENT FOR ATHLETES STRIVING TO GAIN CONCENTRIC STRENGTH WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY DECREASING THE CHANCE OF ACQUIRING MUSCLE SORENESS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO HELP COACHES AND TRAINERS GAIN INSIGHT ON THE PROPOSED BENEFITS AND PURPOSES OF USING SLEDS AND TO EXPLAIN PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS BASED ON RECENT LITERATURE AND FROM THE AUTHORS' OWN PERSONAL EXPERIENCES AND OBSERVATIONS.]]>Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201204000-00001http://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2015/06000/Periodization_Model_for_Costa_Rican_Taekwondo.7.aspx
ABSTRACT: THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO DESCRIBE THE CONDITIONING OF ELITE TAEKWONDO COMPETITORS BASED ON THE BLOCK-PERIODIZED TRAINING MODEL. THIS MODEL OF PERIODIZATION HAS BEEN USED BY THE COSTA RICAN NATIONAL TAEKWONDO TEAM AND GUIDED THEIR PHYSICAL PREPARATION FOR INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS INCLUDING THE BEIJING 2008 AND LONDON 2012 OLYMPIC GAMES. EXAMPLES OF DRILLS PERFORMED ARE PRESENTED FOR A MACROCYCLE OF PREPARATION AIMED TO DEVELOP PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL QUALITIES REQUIRED FOR SUCCESSFUL PREPARATION IN THIS COMBAT SPORT.]]>Mon, 01 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000126548-201506000-00007