Neither Idaho nor Nevada, where officials are aggressively courting the Golden State egg industry, have restrictions on "battery cages" that leave chickens little room to spread their wings.

Idaho Sen. Tim Corder has no desire to change that in his state. Industry should decide, Corder insists.

Still, the Senate Agriculture Committee chairman does want to revamp rules governing where and how giant poultry farms are operated to skirt pitfalls that accompanied explosive growth of Idaho's dairy industry. His state went from 180,000 cows in 1990 to 530,000 in 2009 to become the third-biggest milk producer after California and Wisconsin, but the arrival of mega-dairies caught regulators flat-footed and prompted environmentalists to call foul.

"The time when agriculture can sweep in and do whatever it wants and nobody will say anything about it until it's too late, that time is past," said Corder, R-Mountain Home. "If we're going to do this, let's do it right from the start."

Corder, whose poultry plan is due for discussion in the Idaho Capitol this week, isn't alone in thinking henpecked California egg producers may come calling.

Following Prop 2, Nevada officials want to poach their share of a possible egg exodus.

"We've contacted various members of poultry associations, especially in the California market," said Kathy Johnson, Pershing County's economic development director. "We're not trying to play predator. We're simply offering an option."

One University of California-funded study before the 2008 ballot measure concluded costs would rise 20 percent, including equipment investments and use of more feed, and result in virtually all egg production leaving after six years. Only 5 percent of U.S. egg production comes from non-caged hens.

So far, Debbie Murdock, executive director of the Assn. of California Egg Farmers, hasn't heard of any impending relocations to Idaho, Nevada or elsewhere.

Still, Prop 2 has her members' feathers ruffled.

"We have 20 million hens in this state," Murdock said. "It's a huge expense for us to have to move. It's a huge expense for us to change our housing. A move like this, especially in this economic climate, can be very scary."

The Humane Society of the United States, which backed Prop 2, says the industry is claiming the sky is falling to frighten other states from pursuing similar measures. And similar measures are coming: Michigan's governor signed legislation in October requiring more room for hens, while Ohio plans a vote next November.

"You see a shift in the marketplace, not because they are compelled to do so by law, but because they don't want to be selling a product that's criminally cruel to produce," Shapiro said.

Pam Juker, an Idaho Department of Agriculture chief of staff, concedes Idaho regulators struggled to keep pace when big dairies began targeting cheap Idaho land to build 5,000-cow dairies two decades ago. Air and water pollution concerns emerged, as did a backlash over smells. Today, a legal stink lingers between the Idaho Dairymen's Assn. and counties over power to regulate feedlots.

"The laws and rules had to be developed alongside the industry growth," Juker said. "With this (Corder's) proposed legislation, it will help to have the regulatory structure in place before a new industry settles in."

The Idaho Conservation League has highlighted nitrate threats to southern Idaho groundwater from millions of tons of dairy manure. Justin Hayes, a spokesman in Boise, said poorly regulated poultry farms could make things worse. He hasn't endorsed Corder's bill.

"There's not currently enough oversight of where we place dairy manure," Hayes said.

Des Moines, Iowa-based Hy-Line North America last year opened a new facility in Burley, in southern Idaho, that hatches million of hens to be shipped elsewhere. And last month, commissioners there approved zoning changes to allow a broiler chicken plant to house up to 4 million birds. One thousand employees would process some 13,000 birds an hour.

Stories From This Episode

(Feb 11, 2010)
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