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Fossil Fuels – A nonrenewable energy source formed from the remains of organisms that lived a long time ago such as coal, petroleum & natural gas (methane). May exist as a solid, liquid or gas. All living organisms are based on the element Carbon and when joined with the element Hydrogen yields Hydrocarbons – a fuel that burn in oxygen.

Petroleum – A complex, liquid chain of hydrocarbons also known as crude oil, black gold or Texas tea.

Natural Gas – A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons such as methane, butane or propane found deep within the Earth usually overlying petroleum deposits.

Coal – A solid hydrocarbon formed underground from the partially decayed remains of plant material.

Petroleum & Natural gas can flow through permeable rock and collect in areas between impermeable rock layers called reservoirs. Wells are drilled into these locations so the reservoirs can be tapped.

6. Smog – A combinations of the words smoke & fog that is a photochemical haze formed by burning fossil fuels and the reaction of sunlight on the released pollutants in our atmosphere. Smog forms primarily from automobile exhaust.

Nuclear Energy – The energy released by a fission or fusion (experimental) reaction. Large amounts of heat energy are released according to the equation E=m*c². The heat is used to boil water into steams that is in turn used to rotate a turbine attached to a generator that produces electricity. There are two distinct types of nuclear reactions.

1. Nuclear Fission – Splits the nuclei of a radioactive element into two or more smaller nuclei. Fuel used is an enriched type of Uranium called U-238.

Pros – Clean & efficient. One gram of uranium produces as much energy as two tons of coal.

Chemical Energy – The energy released when a chemical compound reacts to form a new compound.

Batteries – Produces chemical energy from the reaction of a metal and a metallic oxide.

Fuel Cells – Produces energy from the electrolysis of water that produces oxygen and hydrogen gases.

Solar Energy – The energy received from the sun in the form of radiation. May be used to produce heat or electricity directly. Pollution free and renewable however, some locations do not get enough sunlight to make it practical and solar collectors and cells are very expensive to purchase and produce.

Solar Water Heaters – Use solar collectors to heat water.

Wind Turbine Power – Uses windmills to turn electric generators. Renewable and pollution free however, some places don’t get much wind and most people do not want to have to look at them. They find they “Ruin the view”.

Hydroelectric Energy – The energy produces by moving water. Renewable, low pollution and inexpensive however, it’s not available everywhere, destroys wildlife habitats and the dams are expensive to build.

Biomass – Organic matter that can be burned as a source of energy. 50% of the world’s population burn wood or charcoal to heat their homes or cook their food. 14% of the world’s total energy usage comes from the burning of wood or animal dung.

Gasohol – A mixture of alcohol and gasoline. One acre of corn produces 250 gallons of alcohol. Biomass fuels are renewable but take up land that could be producing food.

Geothermal Energy – The energy produced by the heat within the Earth. Certain areas can utilize this to heat buildings or produce electricity. Iceland, Yellowstone.