dominant exchanges and dominant switches

Loop exchanges are often used to modify looms and add richness to designs.

After forming the loom (Opening A), the right and left index loops are exchanged. As a result, the near (and far) index strings of the loom interlock rather than merely cross (figure below).

In loop exchanges order is important. If one starts with Opening A (right palmar string picked up first), the left index loop must pass over the right index loop during the exchange (I call this a left-dominant exchange). If done vice-versa, the loom dissolves.

Traditional loop exchanges (fingers inserted from above during the transfers) cannot be applied to DNA looms: the looms will partially dissolve, regardless of the order in which the loops are exchanged. For this reason I invented a new type of exchange, which i call a switch. In a switch exchange, the fingers are inserted from below during the loop transfers. Again, order is
important. One can define two types of switches: a left-dominant switch (left loop passes over right loop) and a right-dominant switch (right loop passes over left loop).
To practice, set up a 3-loop L-DNA loom and proceed as follows:

Left-Dominant Index Switch

Transfer the left index loop to the top of the right index, inserting the right index from below and from the near side; pass the left index down through the right upper index loop, then insert it, from below and from the near side, into the right lower index loop; lift this loop off the right index, drawing it up through the right upper index loop as you return the left index to its original position.

The result is shown in the figure below.

The effect of applying a left-dominant index switch to an L-DNA loom is magical: the far thumb-far index string of one hand interlocks with the near index-near little finger string of the opposite hand, As a result, a small hole forms in the center of the loom.
One can immediately design a simple figure that showcases this feature:

• 3-loop L-DNA loom

• Left-dominant index switch

• Inuit Out, Power Lift (figure below).

A right dominant index switch is similarly defined. To practice, set up a 3-loop R-DNA loom and proceed as follows:
Right Dominant Index Switch

Transfer the right index loop to the top of the left index, inserting the left index from below and from the near side; pass the right index down through the left upper index loop, then insert it, from below and from the near side, into the left lower index loop; lift this loop off the left index, drawing it up through the left upper index loop as you return the right index to its original position.

The result is shown below.

One should note that a left dominant switch should mainly be applied to a left DNA loom. Likewise, a right dominant switch should mainly be applied to a right DNA loom. Going “against the grain” of a loom (applying a left dominant switch to a right DNA loom) destroys the symmetry of the central design motif and often results in a tangled mass of strings. But don’t be discouraged from trying some of the asymmetric figures which result.

Dominant switches can also be applied to 4- and 5-loop DNA looms. In a 4-loop DNA loom both the index and middle finger loops can be switched to give two nested holes in the center of the loom (figure below).

In a 5-loop DNA loom, the index, middle, and ring finger loops can all be switched to give three nested holes.

To investigate the effects of introducing dominant switches into the looms of 4- and 5-loop tennis nets, I devised two simple test patterns (chart 39, figure below)

and chart 40, figure below).

In my circle notation charts, an “LS” placed under a circle indicates that a left dominant switch should be applied to the corresponding loop (“RS” stands for right-dominant switch): Some interesting design motifs arise from applying dominant switches twice to simple loop passage figures.