IV. VETERANS BENEFITS

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1 IV. VETERANS BENEFITS INTRODUCTION All laws relating to veterans benefits administered by VA have been codified in title 38, United States Code (USC), Veterans Benefits. Related regulations issued by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs are contained in title 38, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Pensions, Bonuses and Veterans Relief. Specific entitlement and eligibility criteria for the various benefits programs are set forth in these volumes. Monetary benefits to veterans and their dependents are tax-exempt and may be classified into three general categories: Compensation, Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) and Pension. With these categories are other programs which will be dealt with in the appropriate sections of this guide. PERIODS OF WARTIME SERVICE WWI April 6, 1917 to November 11, 1918 WWII December 7, 1941 to December 31, 1946 Korean Conflict June 27, 1950 to January 31, 1955 Vietnam Era August 5, 1964 (Feb. 28, 1961, for veterans who served in country before Aug. 4, 1964) to May 7, 1975 Gulf War August 2, 1990 TBA TYPE OF DISCHARGE Veterans separated with Honorable and General (Under Honorable Conditions) discharges are eligible for most VA benefits. Former members separated with Under Other Than Honorable Conditions (Undesirable), Bad Conduct and Dishonorable discharges are not eligible without a favorable VA administrative decision determining their service was not under dishonorable conditions. However, in addition for those who entered service after September 7, 1980, he/she must have served a minimum of 24 months of continuous active duty, or the full period for which they were called to active duty. It does not apply if the person was discharged for a service-connected disability. WAR PERIODS Eligibility for certain veterans benefits may be contingent upon active service in the U.S. Armed Forces during one or more periods of war. Veterans serving in more than one period of war may combine their active duty days to make the 90 days required for certain VA benefits. PEACETIME SERVICE Service during peacetime includes all periods of active duty other than wartime service. Certain VA, other Federal and state benefits are available to peacetime veterans. Note Veterans who served honorably with at least one day on active duty during any of these war periods are eligible for membership in The American Legion. Veterans who served in military operations in Lebanon, Grenada or Panama are also eligible for Legion membership, but, for VA purposes, they do not meet the definition of a wartime

2 veteran. Individuals on active duty are eligible for membership in The American Legion, if they served honorably for at least one day during any of the above periods. DEFINITIONS Veteran A person who served in the active military, naval, or air service of the Armed Forces of the United States and who was released or discharged under conditions other than dishonorable. Veterans Benefits Applies to programs of benefits and services administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs, in accordance with criteria authorized by Congress and set forth in title 38, United States Code (38 USC), Veterans Benefits. Specific entitlement and eligibility requirements are set forth in title 38, Code of Federal Regulations (38 CFR), Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans Relief. Types of benefits include: service-connected disability compensation and Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, nonservice-connected disability and death pension benefits, burial; medical care; education assistance, including vocational rehabilitation; guaranty home loans and government life insurance. In addition, individuals called to active duty in the Armed Forces have certain rights and protection under the Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief Act. Period of War Those periods which the President and the Congress have declared to be wartime service. Veteran of Any War Any veteran who served on active duty in the Armed Forces during a period of war. Armed Forces The United States Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Coast Guard, including the reserve components. Compensation The monthly payment made to a veteran because of a service-connected disability or disease. Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) A monthly payment made to a surviving spouse, children, or parent(s): (a) because of a service-connected death occurring after December 31, 1956, or (b) pursuant to the election of a widow, child or parent, in the case of the death occurring before January 1, Nonservice-connected Disability The disability or death was not incurred or aggravated in line of duty during active military service. Pension A monthly payment - based on financial need - to a veteran, widow, or children for nonservice-connected disability or death.

3 Spouse Includes the husband of a female veteran and widow includes the widower of a female veteran. For the purpose of this definition, a husband or widower is in the same status as a wife or widow of a male veteran and is eligible to receive the same benefits, if otherwise entitled, in a claim for pension, compensation, Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, or survivors education assistance. Surviving Spouse A person of the opposite sex who was the spouse of a veteran at the time of the veteran s death and who lived with the veteran continuously from the date of marriage to the date of the veteran s death, where there was no separation due to the fault of the spouse and who has not remarried since the death of the veteran. Child A person who is unmarried and: a. who is under the age of 18 years and who is, a legitimate child, a legally adopted child, a stepchild who is a member of the veteran s household or was a member at the time of his death, or an illegitimate child but only if acknowledged by the veteran in writing or if he has been decreed father of the child, or is otherwise shown by evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to be the father of the child; or b. who, before attaining the age of 18 years, became permanently incapable of self-support; or c. who, after attaining the age of 18 years and until completion of education or training (but not after attaining the age of 23), is pursuing a course of instruction in an approved educational institution. Parent A natural father or a mother, or father or mother through adoption, or an individual who for a period of at least one year stood in the relationship of parent to a veteran at any time prior to his or her entry into active service. State Veterans Home A facility established by a state (other than a possession) for veterans disabled by age, disease, or otherwise, who by reason of such disability are incapable of earning a living. The term also includes such a home which furnishes nursing home care for veterans. Retirement Benefits are provided for officers and enlisted personnel of the Armed Forces, based on the length of service, disability, or age.

4 CLASSIFICATION OF SERVICE The following duty classifications qualify for benefit purposes: Active Duty 1. Full-time duty in the Armed Forces, other than active duty for training 2. Full-time duty as a commissioned officer of the Public Health Service or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (formerly the Coast and Geodetic Survey and Environmental Science Services Administration) 3. Service as a cadet at the United States Military, Air Force or Coast Guard Academies, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy 4. Authorized travel to and from the above duty or service 5. Full-time duty as a member of the Women s Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) or other similarly designated groups who have been held to have rendered active military service 6. Period immediately following date of release from active duty as required to proceed to home of record by the most direct route, or in any case until midnight of the day of release. Active Duty for Training (ACTDUTRA) 1. Full-time duty performed by reserves for training purposes 2. Full-time duty of commissioned officers of the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service for training purposes 3. Full-time duty performed by members of the National Guard or Air National Guard of any state, other than Federal duty 4. Service for a period of 14 days or more in the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) for annual training duty. MERCHANT MARINE Pursuant to PL , on January 7, 1988, the Secretary of Defense declared certain Merchant Marine services as qualifying for Department of Veterans Affairs benefits. To receive recognition, each member of the American Merchant Marine in Oceangoing Service during the Period of Armed Conflict December 7, 1941, to August 15, 1945, must meet the following eligibility criteria: 1. Was employed by the War Shipping Administration or Office of Defense Transportation or their agents as a merchant seaman documented by the U.S. Coast Guard or Department of Commerce (Merchant Mariner s Document/Certificate of Service), or as a civil servant employed by U.S. Army Transport Service (later redesignated U.S. Army Transportation Corps, Water Division) or the Naval Transportation Service; and 2. Served satisfactorily as a crew member during the period of armed conflict, December 7, 1941, to August 15, 1945, aboard:

5 a. Merchant vessels in oceangoing, i.e., foreign, inter-coastal, or coastal or coastwise service (46 USC & 10501) and further, to include near foreign voyages between the United States and Canada, Mexico, or the West Indies via ocean routes; or b. Public vessels in oceangoing service or foreign waters. A Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty, DD Form 214, plus a discharge certificate, or, an Honorable Service Certificate/Report of Casualty shall be provided each qualifying member of the Merchant Marine, the U.S. Army Transport Service and the U.S. Naval Transportation Service upon receipt of application from the member and upon verification of credible service in accordance with service directives. Total active duty service shall be the summation of each foreign, near foreign, coastal and intercoastal voyage within the period of armed conflict of World War II. Inclusive dates of each creditable voyage shall be reflected on the DD Form 214. For qualifying members taken prisoner of war while on active duty, credible service shall extend to date of repatriation or date of death while a prisoner of war. The form Application for Discharge of Member or Survivor of Member of Group Certified to Have Performed Active Duty With the Armed Forces of the United States, DD Form 2168, available through any VA regional office or by visiting is to be used by applicants seeking a discharge certificate. Note Merchant Mariners are now eligible for American Legion membership. If any questions as to individual qualifications for membership exist, the application and substantiating documentation (DD-214), or copies thereof, should be forwarded to the National Judge Advocate in Indianapolis. CIVILIAN GROUPS EXTENDED VETERANS STATUS A number of groups who have provided military-related service to the United States have been granted veteran status. For the service to qualify, the Secretary of Defense must certify that the group provided active military service. Individual members must be issued a discharge by the Secretary of Defense to qualify for VA benefits. Service in the following groups has been certified as active military service for VA benefit purposes: 1. Women s Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) 2. Signal Corps Female Telephone Operators Unit in WWI 3. Engineer Field Clerks 4. Women s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) 5. Quartermaster Corps female clerical employees serving with the American Expeditionary Forces in WWI 6. Civilian employees of Pacific naval air bases who actively participated in the defense of Wake Island during WWII 7. Reconstruction aides and dietitians in WWI 8. Male civilian ferry pilots 9. Wake Island defenders from Guam 10. Civilian personnel assigned to OSS secret intelligence

6 11. Guam Combat Patrol 12. Quartermaster Corps members of the USS Keswick crew on Corregidor during WWII 13. U.S. civilians who participated in the defense of Bataan 14. U.S. merchant seamen who served on blockships in support of Operation Mulberry in the WWII invasion of Normandy 15. American Merchant Marines in oceangoing service during WWII 16. Civilian Navy IFF radar technicians who served in combat areas of the Pacific during WWII 17. U.S. civilians of the American Field Service who served overseas in WWI 18. U.S. civilians of the American Field Service who served overseas under U.S. armies and U.S. army groups in WWII 19. U.S. civilian employees of American Airlines who served overseas under a contract with the Air Transport Command between Dec. 14, 1941, and Aug. 14, Civilian crewmen of U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey vessels who served in areas of immediate military hazard while conducting cooperative operations with and for the U.S. Armed Forces between Dec. 7, 1941, and Aug. 15, Members of the American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers) serving between Dec. 7, 1941, and July 18, U.S. civilian flight crew and aviation ground support employees of United Air Lines who served overseas under a contract with Air Transport Command between Dec. 14, 1941, and Aug. 14, U.S. civilian flight crew and aviation ground support employees of Transcontinental and Western Air, Inc. (TWA), who served overseas under a contract with the Air Transport Command between Dec. 14, 1941, and Aug. 14, U.S. civilian flight crew and aviation ground support employees of Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corp. (Consairway Division) who served overseas under a contract with Air Transport Command between Dec. 14, 1941, and Aug. 14, U.S. civilian flight crew and aviation ground support employees of Pan American World Airways and its subsidiaries and affiliates, who served overseas under a contract with the Air Transport Command and Naval Air Transport Service between Dec. 14, 1941, and Aug. 14, Honorably discharged members of the American Volunteer Guard, Eritrea Service command between June 21, 1942, and March 31, 1943

7 27. U.S. civilian flight crew and aviation ground support employees of Northwest Airlines who served overseas under a contract with Air Transport Command from Dec. 14, 1941, through Aug. 14, U.S. civilian female employees of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps who served in the defense of Bataan and Corregidor in The U.S. flight crew and aviation ground support employees of Northeast Airlines Atlantic Division, who served overseas under a contract with the Air Transport Command during the period Dec. 7, 1941, through Aug. 14, U.S. civilian flight crew and aviation ground support employees of Braniff Airways who served overseas in the North Atlantic or under the jurisdiction of the North Atlantic Wing, Air Transport Command (ATC), during the period Feb. 26, 1942 through Aug. 14, 1945

8 V. HEALTH CARE BENEFITS ELIGIBILITY Eligibility for most VA benefits is based on discharge from active military service under honorable conditions. Active service means full-time service as a member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, or as a commissioned officer of the Public Health Service, the Environmental Services Administration or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Prior to September 1, 1980, a veteran must have served one (1) day or more to be eligible to receive VA health care. Active duty time cannot be for training purposes only. After this date, a veteran must have served 24 consecutive months of active duty to be eligible for this care. Reservists ordered to active duty (active duty time cannot be for training purposes only) must serve the full period for which they were called or ordered to active duty. The Veterans Health Care Eligibility Reform Act of 1996 established a standard health benefits plan a Uniform Benefits Package. To receive health care under this program, most veterans must first be enrolled. There are some exceptions. See HEALTH CARE ENROLLMENT. SPECIAL CATEGORIES FOR MEDICAL CARE MERCHANT MARINE SEAMEN Merchant Marine seamen who served in World War II may qualify for veterans benefits. When applying for medical care, seamen must present their DD Form 214 discharge certificate from the Department of Defense to the VA medical facility. VA regional offices can assist in obtaining this certificate (also, see the section on Merchant Marines in chapter IV of this Guide). ALLIED VETERANS VA is authorized to provide medical care to veterans of nations allied or associated with the United States during World War I or World War II. Such treatment is available at any VA medical facility if authorized and reimbursed by the foreign government. VA also is authorized to provide hospitalization, outpatient and domiciliary care to former members of the armed forces of Czechoslovakia or Poland, who participated during World Wars I and II in armed conflict against an enemy of the United States, if they have been citizens of the United States for at least 10 years. GULF WAR, AGENT ORANGE AND IONIZING RADIATION Registry Programs VA has developed databases called registries to help analyze the type of health conditions being reported by veterans who served in the Gulf War (August 2, 1990 to a date not yet established), claim exposure to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War (January 9, 1962, to May 7, 1975), claim exposure to atomic radiation, or were treated

9 with nasopharyngeal (NP) radium during military service. These veterans are provided with free, comprehensive medical examinations, including laboratory and other diagnostic tests deemed necessary by an examining physician to determine health status. On September 5, 2000, in response to the Department of Defense disclosure that approximately 80,000 American troops stationed along the demilitarized zone between North and South Korea in 1968 and 1969 may have been exposed to Agent Orange, VA expanded its Agent Orange Registry program to include veterans who served in Korea during that time period. Other veterans who may have been exposed to dioxin or other toxic substances in a herbicide or defoliant during the conduct of or as a result of testing, transporting or spraying of herbicides for military purposes also are eligible to participate in the Agent Orange registry program. Eligible veterans do not have to be enrolled in VA health care to participate in registry examinations. Examination results, along with reviews of the veterans military service and exposure histories, are entered into the registries. Registry participants are advised of the results of their examinations in personal consultations and by letters. Veterans wishing to participate should contact the nearest VA health care facility for an examination. Treatment VA provides treatment to any Gulf War veteran who has a medical condition that may be the result of Gulf War service. VA also provides medical treatment to any Vietnam Era veteran who, while serving in Vietnam, may have been exposed to dioxin or to a toxic substance in a herbicide or defoliant used for military purposes, for conditions related to such exposure. Health care services also are available for medical conditions VA recognizes as related to a veteran s exposure to ionizing radiation. "Atomic veterans" are those who participated in atmospheric nuclear tests conducted in the 1940s, '50s and '60s or were held captive in Japan or participated in the occupation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Additionally, under new rules enacted in March 2002, those who were at underground tests on Amchitka Island, Alaska, before January 1, 1974, and those who were assigned to certain nuclear weapons plants in Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee are also recognized as "atomic veterans." The new regulation also added cancers of the bone, brain, lung, colon and ovary to the list of conditions presumed related to exposure to ionizing radiation. WOMEN VETERANS Women veterans are eligible for the same VA benefits as male veterans. Services and benefits for women veterans are gender-specific and include breast and pelvic examinations and other general reproductive health care services. Preventive health care provided includes counseling, contraceptive services, menopause management, PAP smears and mammography. Referrals are made for services that VA is unable to provide. VA health care professionals provide counseling and treatment to help women overcome psychological trauma resulting from personal and sexual assault during military service. Care also is provided for any injury, illness or psychological condition resulting from such trauma.

10 To ensure privacy for women veterans, VA medical centers have made structural changes. Women Veterans Coordinators are available at all VA facilities to assist women veterans seeking treatment and benefits. In 1994, Congress passed legislation authorizing VA to establish a Center for Women Veterans. The center collaborates with other Federal departments on issues related to women veterans, develops materials on VA benefits programs and health care services, and conducts outreach to make women veterans aware of these services. Their web site, offers women veterans direct access to the Center for Women Veterans where they can express concerns, ask questions and provide feedback about VA benefits and services. HOMELESS VETERANS A number of VA benefits are aimed at helping veterans at risk for becoming homeless, including disability compensation, pension and educational benefits. VA also provides health and rehabilitation programs for homeless veterans. VA s Homeless Chronically Mentally Ill (HCMI) Program provides health exams, treatment, referrals and ongoing case management to homeless veterans with mental health problems. The Domiciliary Care for Homeless Veterans (DCHV) Program provides biopsychosocial treatment and rehabilitation. VA has a growing number of Compensated Work Therapy/Therapeutic Residence group homes, special day treatment centers and Comprehensive Homeless Centers. VA s Homeless Providers Grant and Per Diem Program assists nonprofit and local government agencies to establish housing or service centers for homeless veterans. Grants are awarded for the construction, acquisition or renovation of facilities. VA also has joined with the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Social Security Administration, veterans service organizations and community nonprofit groups to assist homeless veterans. For information on benefits for homeless veterans, contact the nearest VA facility. MEDICAL CARE FOR DEPENDENTS AND SURVIVORS CHAMPVA, the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs, provides reimbursement for most medical expenses inpatient, outpatient, mental health, prescription medication, skilled nursing care and durable medical equipment (DME). To be eligible for CHAMPVA, you cannot be eligible for TRICARE (formerly called CHAMPUS) and you must be in one of these categories: the spouse or child of a veteran who has been rated 100% permanently and totally disabled for a service-connected disability by a VA regional office; or the surviving spouse or child of a veteran who died from a VA-rated service-connected disability, or who, at the time of death, was rated 100% permanently and totally disabled; or the surviving spouse or child of a military member who died in the line of duty, not due to misconduct (in most of these cases, these family members are eligible for TRICARE, not CHAMPVA). To be eligible for CHAMPVA benefits over age 65, you must also meet the following conditions (adjusted margin):

11 if you turned 65 before June 5, 2001, and only have Medicare Part A, you will be eligible for CHAMPVA without having to have Medicare Part B coverage. if you turned 65 before June 5, 2001, and have Medicare Parts A and B, you must keep both Parts to be eligible. if you turn age 65 on or after June 5, 2001, you must be enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B to be eligible. To apply for benefits, contact the VA Health Administration Center (HAC), P.O. Box 65023, Denver, CO or call or check the HAC s web site at Many VA medical centers provide services to CHAMPVA beneficiaries under the CHAMPVA Inhouse Treatment Initiative (CITI) program. Services provided under this program are space-available after the needs of veterans are met. Services may be episodic, that is, they may not be available at all times, nor may the same services be available from day to day. CHAMPVA beneficiaries who use a CITI facility have no cost-share for the services they receive. OVERSEAS MEDICAL BENEFITS - THE FOREIGN MEDICAL PROGRAM The Foreign Medical Program (FMP) is a program for veterans who live or travel overseas. Under the FMP, Veterans Affairs will pay 100% of the charges for any health care the veteran needs that is associated with a service-connected disability. Services in most foreign countries must be authorized by the Foreign Medical Program Office, P.O. Box 65021, Denver, CO , U.S.A. The phone number is: Services in Canada must be authorized by the VA Medical Center in White River Junction, VT , U.S.A. The phone number is: Services in the Philippines must be authorized by the VA office in Pasay City. The phone number is :

12 THE UNIFORM BENEFITS PACKAGE Public Law , the Veterans Health Care Eligibility Reform Act of 1996, simplified the process to receive services and paved the way for a standard health benefits plan, VA s Uniform Benefits Package, which emphasizes preventive and primary care and offers a full range of outpatient and inpatient services that include: Preventive services, including immunizations, screening tests and health education and training classes Primary health care Diagnosis and treatment Surgery, including outpatient surgery Mental health and substance abuse treatment Home health care Respite, hospice and palliative care Urgent and limited emergency care services in VA facilities Drugs and pharmaceuticals Nursing home care Nursing Home Care Nursing care in VA or private nursing homes may be provided for veterans who are not acutely ill and not in need of hospital care. VA will provide needed nursing home care to any veteran in need of such care for a service-connected (SC) disability and to any veteran who needs such care and who has a combined SC disability rating of 70 percent or more. In addition, if space and resources are available, VA may also provide VA nursing home care to other veterans who may be subject to copayments based on their ability to pay. Veterans with a SC disability are given first priority for nursing home care. Applicants who may be provided nursing home care without an income eligibility assessment include veterans with a compensable, SC disability; and veterans who were exposed to and require nursing home care for a disorder associated with exposure to a toxic substance or radiation, for a disorder associated with service in the Southwest Asia theater of operations during the Gulf War, or for any illness associated with service in combat in a war after the Gulf War or during a period of hostility after November 11, 1998, as provided and limited in 38 USC 1710(e). PL , the Veterans Millennium Healthcare and Benefits Act, created additional provisions to the Uniform Benefits Package that went into effect on May 29, A restricted emergency care benefit provides a safety net for some enrolled veterans who have no other means of paying a private facility emergency bill. VA will be the payor of last resort for emergency services rendered for nonservice-connected conditions at non-va facilities for qualifying veterans. Specified criteria must be met, such as, but not limited to: veterans must be enrolled and have been provided care by a VA provider within the last 24 months the emergency must be life threatening as determined by a prudent lay person there is no other form of health care or legal recourse to cover the expenses VA or other Federal facilities were not reasonably available at the time of the emergency event

13 Veterans should contact their local facility or a DSO to verify their eligibility for this benefit. Restrictions Apply to Hearing Aids and Eyeglasses Hearing aids and eyeglasses usually require a service-connected disability rating of 10% or more. They are usually not provided to nonservice-connected veterans for generallyoccurring hearing or vision loss. Veterans should contact the nearest health care facility to determine their entitlement. Services Not a Part of the Uniform Benefits Package An enrolled veteran may be eligible for some services that are not part of the Uniform Benefits Package. These services were not changed by the Eligibility Reform legislation and a veteran must still qualify for them on a case-by-case basis and specific restrictions apply to each. The services include: Limited nursing home care Limited domiciliary care Limited non-va hospitalization or health care services for veterans with special eligibility Limited dental care Readjustment counseling Adult day health care Homeless programs Sexual trauma counseling In addition, VA has comprehensive specialized programs for blind rehabilitation and the treatment of veterans with spinal cord injury. READJUSTMENT COUNSELING Readjustment counseling is provided at Vet Centers to help veterans resolve war-related psychological traumas and to help them achieve a successful post-war readjustment to civilian life. Vet Centers are located in local communities, attempting to access the veteran population in settings that are as stress-free as possible. Assistance typically includes readjustment counseling, spouse/significant others counseling, alcohol/drug abuse counseling, employment assistance, psychological services, benefits counseling and homeless veteran assistance. Counseling also is provided to all veterans who have experienced acts of sexual assault or harassment while on active duty. In addition to counseling, the Vet Centers provide extensive community outreach and brokering of services for veterans. Eligible for counseling are veterans who served on active duty in a combat theater during WW II, the Korean Conflict, the Vietnam Era, the Gulf War, or the campaigns in Lebanon, Grenada, Panama, Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo. Vietnam Era veterans not in the war zone: August 5, May 7, 1975, are eligible as long as they access care at a Vet Center by December 31, One common readjustment problem is post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD. This refers to such symptoms as nightmares, intrusive recollections or memories, flashbacks, anxiety or sudden reactions after exposure to traumatic conditions. Readjustment difficulties may affect functioning in school, family or work. In areas distant from Vet Centers or VA medical facilities, veterans may obtain readjustment counseling from

14 private-sector professionals who are on contract with VA. To locate a contract provider, contact the nearest Vet Center. HEALTH CARE ENROLLMENT To receive health care, veterans generally must be enrolled. Veterans do not have to be enrolled if they: (1) have a service-connected (SC) disability of 50 percent or more; (2) want care for a compensable disability during the twelve-month period following discharge; or (3) want care for a SC disability. To allow for better planning in the use of health care resources, however, these three categories of veterans also are urged to enroll. A veteran may apply for enrollment at any VA health care facility or veterans benefits office at any time, in any year. A form, Application for Health Benefits, VA Form 10-10EZ, must be completed and can be submitted in person or by mail. Make sure the application form is signed, otherwise, it can not be processed for enrollment. Application forms can be obtained by visiting, calling or writing any VA health care facility or veterans benefits office, or by calling toll-free VETS (8387). Application via the Internet is also possible. Additional information on enrollment, including enrollment forms and on-line applications, can be found on the Web at Again, this form requires a signature, and a signed copy of the form must be sent to VA before enrollment is completed. Follow the instructions under SIGNATURE NEEDED. As enrollment was established, an application for care may have been automatically processed for some veterans. Due to long waiting lists for initial appointments for new enrollees, modification of the enrollment process during 2002 has made those veterans rated 50% or greater eligible for their initial appointment within 30 days. For a new VA patient, the application for enrollment will be generated automatically as part of the patient registration process at the first visit to a VA health care facility. VA will send a letter from the VA Health Eligibility Center notifying the veteran of his/her priority group. However, this letter is not necessary to initially receive treatment. Check with the local VA health care facility if there is uncertainty about a veteran s enrollment status. Once enrolled, most veterans will remain enrolled from year to year without further action on their part. However, certain veterans are required to provide income information to determine their priority level. These veterans will be mailed VA Form 10-10EZ for completion on an annual basis for re-enrollment. Failure to update this information could adversely affect a veteran s enrollment status. ENROLLMENT LEVELS Priority groups were established to help ensure that VA resources are allocated to veterans with the highest priority of care. Enrollment levels are set according to the following eight Priority Groups established by Congress: 1. Veterans with service-connected conditions rated 50 percent or more disabling 2. Veterans with service-connected conditions rated 30 or 40 percent disabling 3. Veterans who are former POWs, veterans with disabilities rated 10 and 20 percent and veterans awarded special eligibility for disabilities incurred in treatment. Veterans

15 awarded a Purple Heart are placed into enrollment priority group 3 unless qualified for classification under a higher priority group (i.e., priority group 1 or 2) 4. Veterans who are receiving Aid and Attendance or housebound benefits and veterans who have been determined by VA to be catastrophically disabled 5. Nonservice-connected veterans and service-connected veterans rated zero percent, noncompensable disabled, whose annual income and net worth are below the established dollar thresholds 6. All other eligible veterans who are not required to make copayments for their treatment. This includes World War I and Mexican Border War veterans, veterans receiving care for disorders associated with exposure to toxic substances or environmental hazards while in service and compensable zero percent service-connected veterans. This group also includes veterans seeking care for disorders associated with service in the Gulf War and for any illness associated with service in combat in a war after the Gulf War or during a period of hostility after November 11, Veterans who agree to pay specified copayments with income and/or net worth above the VA Means Test and below the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) geographic index This category is further prioritized into the following Subcategories: a) Noncompensable zero percent service-connected veterans who were enrolled in the VA Health Care System on a specified date and who have remained enrolled since that date c) Nonservice-connected veterans who were enrolled in the VA Health Care System on a specified date and who have enrolled since that date e) Noncompensable zero percent service-connected veterans not included in Subpriority a above g) Nonservice-connected veterans not included in Subpriority c above 8. Veterans who agree to pay specified copayments with income and/or net worth above the VA Means Test and the HUD geographic index This category is further prioritized into the following Subcategories: a) Noncompensable zero percent service-connected veterans enrolled as of January 14, 2003 and who have remained enrolled since that date c) Nonservice-connected veterans enrolled as of January 14, 2003 and who have remained enrolled since that date e) Noncompensable zero percent service-connected veterans applying for enrollment after January 14, 2003 g) Nonservice-connected veterans applying for enrollment after January 14, 2003 FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT Nonservice-connected veterans and those rated 0% non-compensable service-connected are subject to the VA means test provisions of the enrollment application. The means test eligibility assessment includes information about Social Security, U.S. Civil Service retirement, U.S. Railroad Retirement, military retirement, unemployment insurance, any other retirement income, total wages from all employers, interest and dividends, workers compensation, black lung benefits and any other gross income for the calendar year prior to application for care. Also considered are assets such as the market value of stocks,

16 bonds, notes, individual retirement accounts, bank deposits, savings accounts and cash. In making the assessment, the income of the patient s spouse and dependent children also are considered. Means test thresholds are adjusted annually and announced in January. Veterans below the means test threshold are enrolled in Priority Group 5 based on their inability to defray the cost of their care. Veterans above the VA threshold but below the HUD geographic index are enrolled in Priority Group 7 and must agree to pay specified copayments for their treatment. Veterans whose income and net worth are above the HUD index can declare on the 10-10EZ their agreement to make copayments without reporting the specifics of their income and net worth, and will be assigned to Priority Group 8. COPAYMENTS Nonservice-connected (NSC) veterans with income and net worth above either means test threshold and zero percent service-connected noncompensable veterans needing care for any NSC disability are subject to the following copayments: The provisions of title 38, United States Code (USC) 1710(f) provide that the copayment for inpatient hospital care during any 365-day period is: 1. The lesser of: a. The inpatient Medicare deductible for the first 90 days of care and one-half of the inpatient Medicare deductible for each subsequent 90 days of care during a 365-day period; or b. VA s cost of providing the care and 2. $10 for every day the veteran receives inpatient hospital care. As a result of PL , the Veterans Millennium Healthcare and Benefits Act, VA has developed a copayment structure for extended care (both institutional and non-institutional). There will be an annual cap on veteran total copayments. The copayments for institutional care will be determined by the veteran's ability to pay but will not exceed $97 per day beginning after the 20 th consecutive day of admission. The outpatient copayment will be $5 per visit. A three-tiered copayment system will be effective for all services provided on an outpatient basis. The copayments will be based on primary care visits ($15), specialty care visits ($50) and visits with no copayment designations as determined by VA s Decision Support System (DSS) stop-codes. The use of these stop-code designations and the related copayments are consistent for all facilities. Medical centers will not have any authority to charge a different copayment for services. a. If a veteran has one or more primary care encounters on the same day and no specialty care encounter on that day, the primary care copayment for one visit is charged for that day. If a veteran has one or more primary care encounters and one or more specialty care encounters on the same day, the specialty care copayment for one visit is charged for that day. b. If a veteran is required to make a copayment for extended care services that were provided either directly by VA or obtained for VA by contract on the same day as having an outpatient visit, the outpatient copayment will not be charged. The extended care copayment will be charged for those extended care services.

17 PRESCRIPTIONS Veterans receiving medication for nonservice-connected conditions are responsible for a prescription copayment. The fee is $7.00 for each 30-day supply or less of medication received. There is an annual cap on total prescription copayments of $840. Veterans rated service-connected 50% or more are exempt from prescription copayments. Other veterans may be exempt based on their income if it is below the maximum annual Rate of Pension, as defined below: Prescription Copayment Threshold Veteran with no dependents - $9,690 Veteran with 1 dependent - $12,692 Add $1,653 for each additional dependent INSURANCE COMPANY BILLING When applying for medical care, all veterans will be asked to provide information pertaining to health insurance coverage, including policies held by spouses. VA is authorized to submit claims to insurance carriers for the recovery of costs for medical care provided to nonservice-connected veterans and service-connected veterans for non service-connected conditions. Veterans will not be held responsible for the deductible requirements and copayments established by their insurance carriers. They also will not be responsible for portions of an insurance claim not covered by the policy. Veterans above certain income levels, however, are responsible for VA copayments as required by Federal law. Veterans with a billing problem should contact the Medical Care Cost Funds (MCCF) office at the treating VA medical center. BENEFICIARY TRAVEL Veterans may be eligible for payment or reimbursement for travel costs to receive VA medical care. Mileage reimbursement is paid at $.11 per mile and is subject to a deductible of $3 for each one-way and an $18 per month maximum cap. Two exceptions to the deductible are travel for a compensation or pension examination and travel by special modes of transportation, such as an ambulance or a specially equipped van. Beneficiary travel payments may be made to the following: a. Veterans whose service-connected disabilities are rated at 30 percent or more b. Veterans traveling for treatment of a service-connected condition c. Veterans who receive a VA pension d. Veterans traveling for scheduled compensation or pension examinations e. Veterans whose income does not exceed the maximum VA pension rate f. Veterans whose medical condition requires use of a special mode of transportation, if the veteran is unable to defray the costs and travel is pre-authorized. If the medical condition is a medical

18 emergency, travel need not be pre-authorized when a delay to obtain authorization would be hazardous. For special mode transportation purposes, VA regulation 38 CFR (e) defines a veteran as unable to defray the cost of travel if: A veteran or other person shall be considered unable to defray the expenses of travel if a. Annual income for the year immediately preceding the application for benefits does not exceed the maximum annual rate of pension which would be payable if the person were eligible for pension; or b. The person is able to demonstrate that due to circumstances such as loss of employment, or incidence of a disability, income in the year of application will not exceed the maximum annual rate of pension which would be payable if the person were eligible for pension; or c. The person has a service-connected disability rated at least 30 percent; or d. The person is traveling in connection with treatment of a service-connected disability.

19 VI. DISABILITY CLAIMS ROLE OF THE POST SERVICE OFFICER The Post Service Officer s (PSO) primary responsibility is to help the Department Service Officer (DSO) protect a claimant s interests. This means doing nothing that could have an adverse effect on his/her claim, including providing information or advice that may not be accurate or proper. The Post Service Officer should work with and through The American Legion Department Service Officer and the staff of Legion-accredited representatives located at the VA regional office in the filing of any claim or evidence in support of a claim or appeal. Similarly, the PSO should strongly advise claimants that it is to their advantage to cooperate with and work through the DSO. Only the DSOs and their staff have direct access to a claimant s VA claims folder ( C-file ) and can take official action on the claimant s behalf. CODE OF PROCEDURE The VA&R Commission has established certain formal policies and procedures which Post Service Officers and Department Service Officers should follow in any claim for VA benefits. This Code of Procedure safeguards the interests of the National Organization, the Departments and Posts in carrying out The American Legion s program of service to veterans and their families. The following are essential elements of the Code: POWER OF ATTORNEY (VA FORM 21-22) This form, Appointment of Veterans Service Organization as Claimant s Representative or POA, notifies the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) what organization is officially authorized to represent a particular claimant. VA recognizes one organization at a time as a claimant s representative. With certain exceptions, a POA may be accepted from: a. the veteran or, if incompetent, the veteran s legal guardian, wife, parent, near relative, or manager of an institution in which the veteran is maintained; b. a deceased veteran s dependents or designated beneficiaries, or, if incompetent, the fiduciary; c. persons entitled to reimbursement for expenses incurred in connection with the veteran s last illness and burial. LIMITATIONS OF REPRESENTATION There are certain limitations that may affect The American Legion s efforts to assist a claimant: 1. Character of Discharge: Almost always, an Honorable or General under Honorable Conditions is required to be eligible for most VA benefits. The DSO should be consulted about less than honorable discharges. 2. Representation and Power of Attorney: American Legion representation can only be provided by a professional service officer who has been accredited by the VA General Counsel. To obtain Legion representation and all related services requires the filing of VA Form 21-22, Appointment of Veterans Service Organization as Claimant s

20 Representative. Once the form is a part of the VA record, VA will provide the DSO with a copy of all correspondence sent to the claimant. Note It is contrary to the policy of The American Legion to accept POA from any person whose interests are detrimental or adverse to those of the veteran regardless of the fact The American Legion does not hold the veteran s POA. It is also contrary to the policy of The American Legion to participate in a contested claim, that is, one in which there are two persons seeking or claiming the same benefit, such as two former spouses. PROHIBITION ON THE SOLICITATION OF A FEE FOR SERVICE Any American Legion service officer who directly or indirectly solicits, contracts for, or receives any fee or compensation, or wrongfully withholds from any claimant or beneficiary any part of a benefit due, shall by law be fined or imprisoned for not more than one year or both. CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OF VA RECORDS Under the Privacy Act, any information or records in a VA claim may not be disclosed by any American Legion service officer without the claimant s expressed authorization. CLAIM FORMS, DOCUMENTATION AND CORRESPONDENCE Post Service Officers should not hold such material. To avoid delays and potentially lost benefits, all claims or correspondence submitted to the PSO should be immediately directed to the DSO at the VA regional office having jurisdiction over the geographic area where the claimant lives. It is also important that no material or evidence ever be submitted directly to VA. Should a benefit claim be denied, the PSO should advise claimants to contact the DSO right away, before initiating an appeal or taking further action on their claim. DISABILITY CLAIMS PROCEDURE Service-connected Disability VA pays compensation ( comp ) for a current condition or disability that is related to the veteran s period of active military service. Sufficient evidence must be submitted to show that the claimed disability was incurred during (i.e., acquired) or aggravated (made worse) by military service. The disability does not have to be related to combat. Income or assets do not affect the payment of compensation benefits. There are five ways that service connection can be awarded: 1. There is a current condition which can be directly linked to a recorded injury that happened or a disease suffered from while the veteran was in service; or 2. There is a current condition whose symptoms began shortly after discharge, usually within one year of separation. VA can consider that the condition began during service; or 3. There is a current condition that existed before entry into service and which became worse or was aggravated while in service; or

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