4. FRAUD, is theft by means of deception in order to secure unjust gain.

MISAPPROPIATION AND FRAUD5. COUNTERFEIT, is fraud though imitation or copy.

6. EMBEZZLEMENT, misappropriation by the responsible of keeping a property on behalf of the beneficiary.TRADE SECRETSIt is about information that can not be revealed. CONFLICTS OF INTERESTWhen private interests or official affairs of a person in a position of trust are in CONFLICTS.

When conflicts of interest exist it is so difficult to act impartially, avoiding the undue favouring of any of the conflicting interests.INSIDER TRADINGIt is the trading of stocks or other securities of a firm using internal information that has not been disclosed to the public that, if and when it were disclosed, could substantially influence the price of such stocks or securities.

MORALITY OF INSIDER TRADING:- Destroyed the TRUST in markets and the information provides by them. It's a misappropriation of private information.- It is an act of unfair competition- It is a violation of fiduciary duty and a breach of professional secrecy- People who extract information from anyone are also guilty.

orbut1. BRIBERYAn action in which someone gives cash, privilege or other benefit to obtain an unjust judgement or some type of behavior. 2. EXTORTIONTake place when someone demands money through intimidation or undue exercise of authority.3. BLACKMAILIt's a form of extortion that occurs when a person threatens to expose discreditable information about someone unless the victim gives money or other valuable thing.4. KICKBACKSIt refers to the return of a percentage of a sum of a contract received by a person who selects such a contract (Eg: sales managers).5. FACILITATING PAYMENTS- It makes up of giving some moderate amount of money to public officials for actions such as processing papers, issuing permits and so on. - These payments are not intended to influence the outcome of the official's action, merely its timing (eg: getting a licence)- Facilitating payment is not bribery in some culture, it just a little tacit bribery.6. GIFTS AND BUSINESS CONSIDERATIONS- It is a signal of hospitality or gratitude sometimes but other it is a bribery.- Practical wisdom helps determine how far one can go, depending on the circumstances.1) First, those who receive a bribe or who practice extortion act against justice, and those offer bribes CAUSE INJUSTICE

2) Accepting a bribe is an act of DISLOYALTY to the company in which a person is employed or to the society served.

3) These actions contribute to the SPREADING OF A CULTURE OF CORRUPTION.

* This differs from TAX AVOIDANCE or TAX MITIGATION, which is making use of legal methods to one's own advantage in order to reduce the amount of tax payable.

* There is an obligation to pay fair taxes and the existence of unfair taxes should be proved beyond doubt.WHISTLE-BLOWINGRESTITUTION AND COMPENSATORY DAMAGE* Justice requires RESTITUTION, the RETURN of misappropriations or COMPENSATION for damage caused.

* COMPENSATORY DAMAGES are paid to compensate for injuries or loss, and refer to HARM CAUSED in different sense. (eg: Bankia preference options).

* It is a COURT that will determine how to reimburse an injured party for the harm cause by another actions.* Refers to the reporting

of a corporation's

unethical practices by a current or former employee.

* Whistle-blowing entails both good and bad effects. Hence, a careful analysis is necessary before deciding to blow the whistle.

* In order to protect higher goods, whistle-blowers should be protected but it is also necessary to be aware that false accusations can also occurs.and soRoman Law"pacta sunt servanda"

("pacts must be kept")Seeking BUSINESS GOOD QUALITY (GOODNESS AND EXCELLENCE) requires serious effort to fight against corruption.