Cell Theory
1. all organisms consist of one or more cells 2. the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms 3. added 20 years later: all cells arise only from pre-existing cells fact (scientific) - an attempt to state our best current understanding, based on observations and experiments(valid only until revised or replaced) Steps in Scientific Method

1. make observations
2. use inductive reasoning to develop tentative explanation (hypothesis) 3. make predictions based on your hypothesis 4. make further observations or design and carry out controlled experiments to test your hypothesis 5. interpret your results to see if they support your hypothesis Theory - a hypothesis that has been tested critically under many different conditions andby many different investigators .using a variety of different approaches. By the time an explanation is regarded as a theory it is widely accepted by most scientists in the cell * the “solid ground” of science: evolution, germ theory, cell theory *If a theory is thoroughly tested and confirmed over many years by such large numbers of investigators that there is no doubt of its validity … it may eventually be regarded as a law. Gravity, laws of thermodynamics, laws that govern behaviour of gases ‘Strands’ of Cell Biology

Light Microscopy:Bright field – light passes through specimen, contrast is slow and specimen is hard to see Phase contrast – contrast is changed by changing light in microscope DIC – uses optical modifications to change contrast between cell and background – due to density differential Staining – stain used to visualize cell and components, only some stains can be used on living cells 14

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individuals with high-self esteem aren’t actually better with relationships, they just think they are
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...﻿Finalized Notes
Cells are small membrane bound units filled with concentrated aqueous solution of chemicals and given the ability of reproducing itself by dividing. Thus for this purpose the cells are the fundamental unit of life.
If cells are modified to specific specialization they cause the cell to lose its ability to reproduce, as a result they end up depending on other cells for the basic needs.
In all living things genes are stored in the DNA molecule, encoded in the same chemical code, constructed out of the same chemical compounds, interpreted by the same chemical machinery and reproduce in the same way.
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Cell can function properly only if it has the correct set of proteins within the cell.
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Making Introductions stronger
Cut out empty phrases and sentences
Don’t apologize
Making Points and Paragraphs Stronger
Unity— sentences should be structured around one idea or thought.
Coherence— does everything “fit”?
Audience consideration
Do you connect to them?
Are you taking them into account?
Include Transitions
Summarize what you ‘ve said
Preview what’s to come
Writing a Scholarly Conclusion
Summarize main points
Reemphasize the thesis
Call the audience to some sort of action
Close with a memorable idea
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Time Sequence/Chronological— in order by time
Spacial—in order by location
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...received the following loan from Eiffel Co:
• $80,000 to purchase a home (he transferred from Quebec City on December 2006)
The loan carried an interest at 2%. As at December 31, 2007, no interest has been paid on the loan and no portion of the capital has yet been repaid on these loans.
His contribution to the company’s defined benefit plan is $4,000.
He bought a new car in 2007 for $26,000 and incurred the following expenses in earning his commission income:
• Automobile expenses (re: total of 20,000 km driven) $8,000
• Meals and entertainment $2,600
• Convention expenses of $2,000 on conference entitled “The Art of Enticement – a Salesman Approach”
• Other travelling expenses (taxi, train, hotels) of $1,600
Note: 70% of his 20,000 km pertain to employment
On June 5, 2007, he acquired 150 shares through the employee stock option plan for $18/share. At the time the shares were trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange for $30. Mr. Paris was granted the option in 2007 at a time when the shares were trading for $18.
On December 3, 2007, he sold 100 shares fro $40 each. Prior to June 5, 2007, Mr. Paris did not own any shares of Eiffel Ltd. and he did not make any election.
For 2007, the prescribed rates for employee loans are as follows:
Q1 4%
Q2 5%
Q3 5%
Q4 5%
Required – compute Mr. Paris’ minimum 2007 net income. Ignore GST/QST.
Question 2
Martinez Power Tool Corporation Ltd. has carried on business in...

...CS100 Midterm Review
Question 1: What were the strengths and weaknesses of the clay token system? What is
its signiﬁcance to human communication?!
!
Strengths:!
- the system was simple!
- forms of tokens were plain and easily duplicated!
- clay was easy to use and requires little to no skill!
- one to one correspondence!
- tokens stood for units of goods - could be meaningful in any dialect!
- the code allowed new performances in data processing and communication!
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- other document…!
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- use of common material, clay was accessible to all!
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- the accessibility made it convenient !
- simple and easy to learn!
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Weaknesses:!
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...
SOLUTIONS Introductory Financial Accounting Midterm Exam Professor Yanfeng Xue
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Name: __________________________________________________
1
Problem 1. Fill in the blanks (5 Points).
a. The three sections of statement of cash flows are (3 Points):
Cash flows from operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Cash flows from financing activities
b. The name of the organization that writes the U.S. GAAP is (2 Points): FASB (Financial Accounting Standard Board)
c.
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...sometimes referred to as rough or smooth, depending on the structure. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULA |
24. The ultimate source of energy for living things is? THE SUN |
25. The instructions for growth and development are in? DNA |
26. Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids? SISTER |
27. According to Mendel, what kind of genes “disappears" in F1 pea plants? RECESSIVE |
28. Sex chromosomes? ALL OF THESE (Determine Sex, Vary From One Sex To Another, Carry Some Genes That Have Nothing To Do With Sex, Were Unknown To Mendel) |
29. A molecule that gives up an electron becomes (WRONG |
30. Mendel's principle of independent assortment states that (WRONG |
31. Essentially, the first law of thermodynamics says that? ENERGY CAN BE NEITHER CREATED NOR DESTROYED |
32. The chromosomes and genes are actually replicated during? INTERPHASE |
33. Various forms of a gene at a given locus are called? ALLELES |
34. The essence of meiosis is that? CELLS ARE FORMED THAT RECEIVES ONE MEMBER OF EACH PAIR OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES |
35. The ability to maintain a constant internal environment is? HOMEOSTASIS |
36. Glycolysis? RESULTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PYRUVATE AND OCCURS IN THE CRYTOPLASM |
37. Glucose is stored as RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE in most complex plants. |
38. The three most common atoms in your body are? HYDROGEN, OXYGEN AND CARBON |
39. Which of the...