- covers the surface of the bladder urothelium [prohibits bacterial adherence and prevents urothelial damage by acting as a protective barrier]

name risk factors for developing urinary incontinence?

PARITY #1

age

menopause

race - causian

obesity

smoking

heavy lifting

chronic cough

chronic constipation

hysterectomy!

what type of muscle are in the sphintcer urethrae?

striated muscle

which system control storage of urine ( sympathetic or parasympathetic) what type of receptors are involved in storage of urine? what neurotransmitters are involved in storage?

sympathetic system

alpha receptors and beta receptors

sympathetic system mediates its end-organ effects throughepinephrine or norepinephrine acting on - or -adrenergic receptors

what receptors and neurotransmitter controls voiding?

The parasympathetic division acts through acetylcholine binding to muscarinic or nicotinic receptors.

what muscles form the UROGENITAL SPHINCTER

Composed of striated muscle, this sphincter complex includes:

(1) the sphincter urethrae (2) the urethrovaginal sphincter, and (3) the compressor urethrae

These three muscles function as a single unit and contract to close the urethra

sympathetic fibers that control bladder storage are carried through which nerve?

Hypogastric Nerve

Sympathetic fibers are carried through the superior hypogastric nerve plexus and communicate with - and -adrenergic receptors within the bladder and urethra. -Adrenergic receptor stimulation in the bladder dome results in smooth-muscle relaxation and assists with urine storage

what type of innervation does the urogenital sphincter receive and from what nerves?

The urogenital sphincter receives somatic motor innervation through the pudendal and pelvic nerves