Liang Bua 1 (LB1) exhibitsmarked craniofacial and postcranial asymmetries and other indicatorsof abnormal growth and development. Anomalies aside, 140 cranialfeatures place LB1 within modern human ranges of variation,resembling Australomelanesian populations. Mandibular and dentalfeatures of LB1 and LB6/1 either show no substantial deviationfrom modern Homo sapiens or share features (receding chins androtated premolars) with Rampasasa pygmies now living near LiangBua Cave. We propose that LB1 is drawn from an earlier pygmyH. sapiens population but individually shows signs of a developmentalabnormality, including microcephaly. Additional mandibular andpostcranial remains from the site share small body size butnot microcephaly.