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Animal Agriculture and Pathogens PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Animal Agriculture and Pathogens. Terminal Learning Objective: At the conclusion of this session, participants will identify locations in Georgia where specific threats to animal agriculture would have the greatest impact, recognize animal pathogens of concern to agriculture in Georgia,

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Animal Agriculture and Pathogens

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Parasites – “pests”

Prions – the basics

Resistant to usual forms of sterilization such as chlorine, autoclaving, etc.

Cause specific brain diseases

(Examples: scrapie,

Mad Cow Disease,

Chronic Wasting

Disease, Human CJD)

Slide 24

“Infectious” and “Contagious”

“Infectious” – any disease caused by a pathogen

“Contagious” – can spread directly from one human, animal or plant host to another

“Zoonotic” – can spread between humans and animals

Slide 25

TRANSMISSION of pathogens

Aerosol – spread through air

Direct Contact – spread by rubbing, biting, contact with fluids

Fomite – spread by contact with contaminated objects

Vector – spread by other organisms (biological vs. mechanical)

Slide 26

Incubation period

Time between infection and presence of clinical signs

Dangerous time when disease could spread without noticing it

Daily biosecurity practices are best prevention

Slide 27

How diseases could enter the U.S.

Smuggled animals

Wild birds

Importation from a country where disease is not yet recognized

On people

Slide 28

Monkeypox Virus

Slide 29

Classical swine fever, Netherlands

8M hogs killed

$3.4B in losses

Entry via contaminated vehicle

Slide 30

Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Asia

Several hundred million chickens killed over past several years

Strain spreads to humans, cats, pigs

World Health Organization warns that pandemic is imminent

Slide 31

Exotic Newcastle Disease - California

More than 4M birds depopulated

4 states affected

15,000 premises quarantined

1,600 person task force

>$100M in containment costs

Slide 32

Pathogen lists and international controls

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) list

World Organisation for Animal Health (a.k.a. OIE) list

Slide 33

CDC Category A – Biothreat agents

Humans and Animals:

Anthrax

Plague

Botulism

Tularemia

Viral hemorrhagic fevers

Humans Only:

Smallpox

Slide 34

Fourth International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases

Atlanta, March 2004

"Three-fourths of the new diseases that have menaced mankind over the past 20 years, and 11 of the 12 most dangerous bioterrorism agents, are animal diseases that have gained the ability to infect humans.”

Slide 35

High Consequence Livestock Pathogens

Foot-and-mouth disease

Classical swine fever

Rift Valley fever

Highly pathogenic avian influenza

Exotic Newcastle disease

Slide 36

Foot-and-mouth disease

Caused by a virus

EXTREMELY contagious

SHORT incubation period

Salivation, lameness

LOST PRODUCTION

Slide 37

Classical swine fever

Caused by a virus

VERY contagious

Depression, diarrhea

Neurologic signs

Slide 38

Rift Valley fever

Caused by a virus

Spread by mosquitoes as vectors

Results in liver failure and abortions

Zoonotic - INFECTS HUMANS ALSO!

Slide 39

Highly pathogenic avian influenza

Caused by a virus

Spread by contact, aerosol

Swollen, hemorrhagic combs

Rapid death – approaching 100% death loss

Can be zoonotic –

Some strains infect humans

Slide 40

Exotic Newcastle disease

Caused by a virus

Spread by contact, aerosol

Depression, diarrhea, death

Slide 41

It pays to remember your BUDDIES!

“BUDDIES” are unusual clinical signs in animals that may indicate serious disease or agroterrorism:

Blisters – mouth, nose, teats or hooves

Unusual ticks or maggots

Deaths/Downers – unusually high number of deaths or animals that can not rise and walk

Diarrhea

Illness (high number sick, high number of abortions)

Eating abnormally (will not eat)

Staggering – strange neurological signs, including spasms

Be aware of situations when both owners and animals are ill!

Slide 42

If you spot any of these clinical signs:

Notify your local veterinarian!

If you cannot reach your local veterinarian or believe that any of these diseases exist, contact: