Cultural change

As the hipster example illustrates, culture is always evolving. Moreover, new things are added to material culture every day, and they affect nonmaterial culture as well. Cultures change when something new (say, railroads or smartphones) opens up new ways of living and when new ideas enter a culture (say, as a result of travel or globalization).

Innovation: discovery and invention

An
innovation refers to an object or concept’s initial appearance in society—it’s innovative because it is markedly new. There are two ways to come across an innovative object or idea: discover it or invent it.
Discoveries make known previously unknown but existing aspects of reality. In 1610, when Galileo looked through his telescope and discovered Saturn, the planet was already there, but until then, no one had known about it. When Christopher Columbus encountered America, the land was, of course, already well known to its inhabitants. However, Columbus’s discovery was new knowledge for Europeans, and it opened the way to changes in European culture, as well as to the cultures of the discovered lands. For example, new foods such as potatoes and tomatoes transformed the European diet, and horses brought from Europe changed hunting practices of Native American tribes of the Great Plains.

Inventions result when something new is formed from existing objects or concepts—when things are put together in an entirely new manner. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, electric appliances were invented at an astonishing pace. Cars, airplanes, vacuum cleaners, lamps, radios, telephones, and televisions were all new inventions. Inventions may shape a culture when people use them in place of older ways of carrying out activities and relating to others, or as a way to carry out new kinds of activities. Their adoption reflects (and may shape) cultural values, and their use may require new norms for new situations.

Consider the introduction of modern communication technology, such as mobile phones and smartphones. As more and more people began carrying these devices, phone conversations no longer were restricted to homes, offices, and phone booths. People on trains, in restaurants, and in other public places became annoyed by listening to one-sided conversations. Norms were needed for cell phone use. Some people pushed for the idea that those who are out in the world should pay attention to their companions and surroundings. However, technology enabled a workaround: texting, which enables quiet communication and has surpassed phoning as the chief way to meet today’s highly valued ability to stay in touch anywhere, everywhere.

When the pace of innovation increases, it can lead to generation gaps. Technological gadgets that catch on quickly with one generation are sometimes dismissed by a skeptical older generation. A culture’s objects and ideas can cause not just generational but cultural gaps. Material culture tends to diffuse more quickly than nonmaterial culture; technology can spread through society in a matter of months, but it can take generations for the ideas and beliefs of society to change. Sociologist William F. Ogburn coined the term
culture lag to refer to this time that elapses between the introduction of a new item of material culture and its acceptance as part of nonmaterial culture (Ogburn 1957).

the process of learning from birth to death what is wrong and what is right.

Shahbaz

How to describe the Ghurye's indololy?

Akak

Indology or South Asian studies is the academic study of the history and cultures, languages, and literature of India and as such is a subset of Asian studies.

Majid

what is the difference between French and industrial revolution?

Adnas

The French Revolution changed political powers, while the Industrial Revolution changed economic powers. And, finally, the French Revolution made farmers rich, while the Industrial Revolution made them poor.

it's about all the abstract mechanism of life which cannot be seen with our eyes but can be observed by our rational capability.

Dewan

i am totally confuse in my life.what i can do now.have any idea about me

Malik

what capabilities you have, knowing your limits but limits can be eradicated by himself.

manisha

it also depends on your locality, what you can do there.

manisha

certain things are there aside by the government or commission that one has to follow, cracking government exams, competitive exams, competing degrees. but if u can't cope with that then one thing left is business. yes to set your own business.

manisha

actually, all of us are helping themselves in order to survive, in order to earn money. you will not get help from the outer side, one has to help himself. if you are confused coz u are watching so many things at a time and not focusing on self that what you can do?

manisha

what the problum to you malik amir

MURAD

i hate my life

Malik

why

Yousef

because no only loves me in my life

Malik

we love you boy

Trending

Manisha you sound good...
observation of life is so simple actually...
survival,
But living a life and surviving is having hell lot of difference... elucidate?

Trending

Amir where are you from...?

Trending

happy to join this forum

tarawallie

india occupied kadhmir....

Malik

human life itself is limited, but utilising the time you have before death is called life.

Dewan

confusion occur when one cannot find the reason of life. But as I have mentioned earlier reason is also not long last, it is also limited. Again life cobtains an ocean of choices if look into it carefully. Look for a reason and live with it. When the reason end search and find another one.

Dewan

After all, what we are waiting is our death. Spend the life by garnishing with your freedom of choice.

Dewan

okay British occupied India occupied Kashmir...
that Hagel called as Negation of Negation of Negation

Trending

really life is nothing

Malik

Life is dimless

Philemon

today age is full of frestation but adjustment.in our kashmir day by day killing.our life is full of worries.

Malik

Hello, just joined the chat

Pamela

hy

Malik

malik, you shouldn't hate your life, because you are the only one that can make you happy.
its actually not about who loves you and who doesn't, because you are the one that knows what makes you happy and what makes you sad.....
so learn to love yourself, cut out what you don't want in your life

Pamela

in our state every day india force kills our brothers....what i want now

Malik

hello

Salisu

Hi

AK

to me the problem of kashmir is all about the mainstream politics of India and the regional politics. And also a contrast in naratives in the theory of nation state between the two which include the element of relion, religion and ethnicity.

Dewan

our desire is only now.we want leave the world.
there is no value of our thougts.
we are here useless because of bloody indian army

Malik

a prolong discussion between the two party is needed. Any hasty decision won't last long because this is a very vulnerable issue.

Dewan

every day we cry.plz leave our state alone.but indian army is not ready.

Malik

I can't help you @malik amir and it seems you are stuck there, u cant leave Kashmir? if u cant leave Kashmir then living on our own way privately is the choice left with you, I have Kashmiris friend on FB and I feel very sorry for that situation which you are facing. army is in the hands of politics

manisha

army follows what order comes from a higher level. u know what these borders and captivated parts are the root cause of it. kashmir issue is long ago issue. earlier was with pak India issues. now i don't know what's the matter. we cant change the system.

manisha

matter is only we made rules as per islam.but india is not ready.

Malik

why are you associating urself with any religion? just live your life.. society just made you Islam but u know what u r just individual and can live without any religion.

manisha

only religion is required is the religion of love in society. Different cultures can be there for life to live or pattern of living. but becoming rigid and discriminating is creating problem.

they do research about the society. society's concept, issues, problems and came up with some data about society and problems and work upon a solution by implementing methods. as what I think sir. but i can only know by joining the research centre and working with them.

manisha

A sociologist Examines social problems in society and tries to come up with their solutions through systematic investigation

ali

where are you from?

ali

Tanzania at Arusha,

Said

tanzonia in east africa?

ali

india

manisha

yes,

Said

welcom tz mr,

Said

how are u mr said

Dereck

fine how are?

Said

am fine mr dereck, how are you?

Said

Hello

Fatoumatta

hy

Vishal

am gud

Dereck

am in tanzania also

Dereck

you come on wassap or email

Dereck

what are the goals of the sociologist

Dereck

the goals of sociology is to learn the society how shoul proceed their life system in better ways and give society solutions they can solve their problems
improving peaples attudes blieves behavior and so
integration it examines social systems

Fatima

The goal of a sociologist is to study and understand the society in such , they can educate the public how to go about their social activities, cultures and how to fit and adjust to the society. It's also a goal for sociologist to identity problems affecting the society and how to solve them.

Fatoumatta

Hola!

Majid

I'm from pakistan , student of sociology .

Majid

A sociologist is someone who studies society and social behaviour by examining the groups, cultures, organizations, social institutions, and processes that people develop. Most sociologists work in research organizations, colleges and universities, regional and federal government .

Majid

since the society is like an organism it does grow and so changes , sociologist studies the society and it current growth to help us be able to adapt new features developed by the society through growth

Doris

What is the importance of sociology?

onoja

Sociology helps to profer solution to the societal problems

onoja

sociology is important for individuals because it throw light on the problems of individuals

teddy

sociology is important cos, it helps us understand that the society and its habitants can not be predicted, and as such prepares us for social change

social change means a change in the lifestyle, living pattern, structure, its a long process with time being. it happens with an invention of certain technology, measures, movement, law, modernisation, globalisation, industrialisation, NGOs, government measures, the green revolution, etc.

manisha

who is manishaa

Vishal

all answers have too

Vishal

I give my answer on the basis of what I learn and not copy paste as I have just now given 1st yr of the master in sociology exam.

manisha

can u plz help me how can I learnt sociology...

Vishal

miss manisha

Vishal

for 1st year of PG sociology

Vishal

by going through notes, there are many sites which provide sociology notes and FB pages and mrunal notes of ignou free pdf download and many books available in the market. just go through YouTube links also for help and guidance.

it creates law and order in society. people get some restrictions and rules which they follow and this remain with the boundaries of these norms and values. it also brings identity to a particular group or individual

manisha

people come to know about certain guidelines in order to practice social life.

manisha

these guidelines are necessary for a child to learn in the process of socialisation.

manisha

it's the cultural practice which distinguishes people from other culture as applicable to their own society. As every society has their own norms and values.

humanity is a byproduct of humans only..well first understand what is humanity.. to be human but society has made you inhuman by certain rules n regulations. by diving you into two things..splits is never humanity..wholeness is humanity. you can't be like to choose materialistically or spiritually

manisha

you need both. the division is not a goal. and everything has two sides..computer internet has lots of things to display to you where you get lost and result in division

manisha

competition is the biggest culprit which makes people do things against humanity for the sake of achieving.

love can be define or seen as a natural phenomenal development and choice of a man

Agbaje

Hi....#Musharaf....Are you a Sociology practice by profession

Agbaje

love is an idea, it's as idea of consent and consensus, With love we make things sacred and without love we make them profane,
n according to Weber everything sacred is religion which means love is religion,

Trending

love don't need these explanations hahaha go out of mind... it's not a theory or idea..so get out from this misconception... and I can't define love... :)

manisha

hy all of you guys

Vishal

knowledge beside on the sense along

Gidan

hi

Yousef

Love gives freedom to be yourself; it is not possessiveness.

manisha

but people starts possessing in the name of love...destroy the love

manisha

Don't miss any opportunity of love. Even passing in a street, you can be loving. Even to the beggar you can be loving.

manisha

Go on loving. The more you love, the more is the possibility for the right person to happen, because your heart starts flowering. And a flowering heart attracts many bees, many lovers.

manisha

You have been trained in a very wrong way.
First, everybody lives under a wrong impression that everybody is already a lover. Just being born, you think you are a lover. It's not so easy. Yes, there is a potentiality, but the potentiality has to be trained, disciplined.

manisha

A seed exists, but it has to come to flower. You can go on carrying your seed; no bee will be coming. Have you ever seen bees coming to the seeds? Don't they know that seeds can become flowers? But they come when they become flowers. Become a flower, don't remain a seed.

manisha

My message is love, my religion is love. In a way it is very simple. it has no complexity about it -- no rituals, no dogmas, no hypothetical philosophy. It is a very simple and direct approach towards life. The small word 'love' can contain it. (,osho)

manisha

It is not a question of whom you love -- it is immaterial to whom your love is addressed. The thing that matters is that you should love twenty-four hours a day, just as you breathe.

manisha

Never think of sex as love, otherwise you will be deceived. Be alert, and when you start feeling with someone that just the presence, the pure presence -- nothing else, nothing else is needed; you don't ask anything -- just the presence, just that the other is, is enough to make you happy...

manisha

something starts flowering within you, a thousand and one lotuses bloom... then you are in love, and then you can pass through all the difficulties that reality creates.

manisha

all of the definitions are dysfunctional in sociology...

Trending

Manisha wat is your own view about love?

onoja

Sorry manisha I got it...

onoja

love is practice or action we shower...when we shower more love, we become more towards love. by loving someone only you get the benefit first as by showering, first it develops into it. its practice we all should do.

manisha

Agbaje sr im still master of sociology but wish to be .........plz pray fr me
sociokogy is my life my evrything....

musharaf

love to a child, love to parents, love to husband, love to friends, love to animals, love to every individual, then one becomes loveful.

manisha

unspoken. is shown through the day by day things the acts we individually do how we are it is a personal thing best not overdefighned

Debbie

Join the discussion...

is social research methods and research methodologies are two different questions or will include similar points as pure n applied, experimental descriptive, quantitative n qualitative etc.