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Barrett's Oesophagus

Barrett's oesophagus was first described in 1957 by Dr. Norman Barrett. It
is a condition in which the cells of the lower end of the
oesophagus become damaged
due to chronic acid exposure caused by acid reflux. An abnormal growth of
stomach lining cells replaces the normal oesophagus lining.

The muscle valve at the lower end of the oesophagus (lower oesophageal sphincter)
normally remains closed, opening only to allow food and liquid
to pass into the stomach. Heartburn occurs when this sphincter opens spontaneously or
does not close properly and stomach contents rise into the oesophagus. Acids
from the stomach cause the burning sensation known as acid indigestion or gastro-oesophageal reflux
(GOR).

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a more serious condition resulting from
persistent acid reflux over a period of time. If left untreated, complications
can occur resulting in the condition known as Barrett's oesophagus and an increased
risk of oesophageal cancer. For unknown reasons, Barrett's is found more often
in men than women. In the vast majority of
cases it is the result of longstanding GORD.

Abnormal cell growth

Diagnosis requires the insertion of a small flexible tube with a light source and miniature
camera (endoscope) into the oesophagus after the patient is sedated. Small
tissue samples are taken and examined microscopically for the presence of stomach
lining cells and any evidence of premalignancy.

While there are no medications to reverse Barrett's oesophagus, treating the underlying
GORD can slow the progress of the disease and prevent complications. If severely
abnormal or cancerous cells are found, surgical removal of the oesophagus is
recommended if the patient can tolerate a surgical procedure.

Medical advice should be sought if any of the following warning signs are experienced: