As we draw ever closer to the opening ceremony of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, commentators have been scrutinising the host city with a keen eye for imperfections. Whether it’s stadium construction running behind schedule, the Zika virus deterring the crowds or political crisis threatening to topple the country’s president, each set back has been itemised and analysed by the international press.

So far, the focus has been on whether Rio is ready for a 17-day sporting event. But this overlooks the fact that these preparations have been affecting Cariocas — as citizens of Rio are known — for the past seven years and will change the face of the city for decades to come. So, what impact will the Olympics have on the residents of Rio — especially those who may not be privileged enough to attend the Games?

Many new sporting venues are being built for Rio 2016, but some people — including International Olympic Committee members — have expressed doubts about whether these facilities will be completed in time for the event. And yet, as it stands, the vast majority of venues are either already finished or on schedule and the main Olympic park is 98% complete. What’s more, there’s a strong incentive for authorities to invest in completing the stadiums to avoid the global embarrassment of venues not being ready.

The remains of the Vila Autódromo favela — with the IOC hotel visible in the background. Adam Talbot.

While last-minute spending on stadiums would cost Rio’s taxpaying citizens, the construction works have come with more sinister consequences for those living in the city’s informal settlements — known as “favelas”. Many of Rio de Janeiro’s favela communities have been hit with forced evictions in the lead up to mega-events — in particular, the Vila Autódromo favela, which is next to the main Olympic park.

Transport infrastructure

Rio’s transport system is being upgraded for the Olympic Games and the flagship project is a new metro line to the wealthy west-zone neighbourhood of Barra da Tijuca, where the main Olympic park is located. The construction of this key legacy project is currently behind schedule, but it will almost certainly be ready to transport spectators to the stadiums. And even if the new line isn’t ready in time, the city will have contingency plans in place to get fans to events.

This new line will benefit the wealthy citizens of Barra de Tijuca by taking a great deal of traffic off congested roads. It will also improve urban mobility for some 70,000 residents of Brazil’s largest favela, Rocinha, which will also be served by the new line.

But, as has been the case with the stadiums, many favela residents have been evicted to build transport infrastructure — particularly the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. Aside from the BRT system, the city has recently “rationalised” the regular bus services, which in practice has meant cutting numerous lines. The cuts have adversely affected urban mobility for many living in Rio’s north zone — traditionally a poorer area of the city.

Poor health report

The mosquito-borne Zika virus, which has its epicentre in Brazil, has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organisation and many are concerned that Zika will be an issue during the Olympics. But Rio de Janeiro is around 2,000 kilometres from Brazil’s poor north-eastern region where the crisis began and the Games will take place in August when mosquitoes are less common. Meanwhile, a national campaign against the Zika virus has educated Brazilians on basic actions they can take to combat mosquitoes.

That said, there have been issues with mosquito-borne diseases including Zika, dengue and chikungunya fever in the Vila Autódromo favela. Standing water in the Olympic construction site has provided a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes.

Residents of the Vila Autódromo favela highlight the problem of mosquito-borne diseases.

What’s more, in December, the city of Rio suffered a public health emergency of its own: there wasn’t enough money to keep the hospitals open. Olympic spending appears to have been prioritised above health spending and, in some cases, funds may have been diverted from the health budget to finance the Olympics. Overall, Cariocas who rely on the public health system have been left in a dire situation.

Corruption scandals

Operation Lavo Jato (or operation car wash) is a massive corruption probe — overseen by Judge Sergio Moro — which has shown Brazilians the scale of corruption inside their government. Although there are no specific allegations against her, the Brazilian president, Dilma Rousseff, faces impeachment, and millions of demonstrators across the country have called on her to resign.

The Olympic Games are unlikely to be affected by this political instability, especially given the relatively minor role played by the federal government in the event. However, several Olympic construction contracts are under investigation by Operation Lavo Jato. This is unlikely to effect the running of the event, but prosecutions for those responsible may follow in the years after the Games.

Once the Olympics are over, many of the publicly-funded developments will be sold off or handed over to property developers. For example, businessman Carlos Carvalho — a staunch supporter of Rio’s mayor Eduardo Paes — will be given the Olympic park in Barra de Tijuca, including land which was previously owned by the State of Rio de Janeiro. Given that Carvalho has expressed a desire to build a “city of the elite” in the area, one might question his suitability to inherit the Olympic park and secure the social legacy of the Games.

There’s no doubt that Rio 2016 will be a wonderful sporting spectacle. But much like the infrastructure itself, coverage of the Olympics will largely fail to consider what the Games mean for Rio’s citizens. And as a result, the Olympic legacy is likely to be one of increasing social divisions and worsening inequality — a lost opportunity for all Cariocas.

This article was written by Adam Talbot, University of Brighton, for The Conversation. Read the original article and see disclosure here.​

The Conversation is a collaboration between editors and academics to provide informed news analysis and commentary that’s free to read and republish.

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