Men's Center - A-Z Index

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Thromboangiitis obliterans is a rare disease in which blood vessels of the hands and feet become blocked.

Alternative Names

Buerger disease

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) is caused by small blood vessels that become inflamed and swollen. The blood vessels then narrow or become completely blocked by blood clots (thrombosis). Blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected. Arteries are more affected than veins. Average age when symptoms begin is around 35. Women and older adults are affected less often.

This condition mostly affects young men ages 20 - 40, who are heavy smokers or chew tobacco. Only 1 of 10 patients are women. Many patients also have very poor dental hygiene, likely due to tobacco use.

This disorder is very uncommon in children. It can occur in children with autoimmune diseases
.

Signs and tests

Blood tests for other causes of inflamed blood vessels (vasculitis) and blocked (occlusion of) blood vessels may be done. These causes include diabetes
, scleroderma
, and atherosclerosis
. In rare cases when the diagnosis is unclear, a biopsy
of the blood vessel is done.

Treatment

There is no cure for thromboangiitis obliterans. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms and to prevent the disease from getting worse.

The patient must stop using tobacco. It is also important to avoid cold temperatures and other conditions that reduce blood flow in the hands and feet.

Applying warmth and exercising gently can help increase circulation.

Aspirin and medications that open the blood vessels (vasodilators) may help. In severe cases, surgery to cut the nerves to the area (surgical sympathectomy) can helpcontrol pain.

If the area becomes so infected that tissue dies, it can be necessary to amputate the fingers or toes.

Expectations (prognosis)

Symptoms of thromboangiitis obliterans may disappear if the person stops tobacco use. Persons who continue to use tobacco may need repeated amputations of affected fingers or toes.

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