(2,3)Butanediol Fermentors produce less acid so that the colonies have pale pink to lavender centers on EMB. Example?

Enterobacter

Why can the partial clearing on Blood Agar sometimes appear green?

Partial clearing sometimes appears green due to partial reduction of hemoglobin in blood

An alkaline reaction can occur in sugar fermentation tubes due to?

utilization of the peptone in the broth and not the testing sugar.

What is tested for when determening if something is a 2,3-butanediol fermentor?

acetyl methyl carbinol (acetoin) is easier to detect than 2,3 butanediol, acetoin is tested for when determining if a microorganism is a 2,3 butanediol producer.

Barrit's reagents?

VP1 = alpha-napthol
VP2 = KOH

Oxidase is also known as? What is its function?

cytochrome oxidase
functions to oxidize aromatic amines

Nitrate 1?
Nitrate 2?

Nitrate I = Sulfanilic Acid
Nitrate II = dimethyl-alpha-naphthylamine

Kovacks Reagent is used for what test?
What is it?

-Tryptophan/Indole
-p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, amyl or butyl alcohol, and HCl, which will appear red (cerise) in the presence of the product indole

cystine desulfurase?

removes the sulfur side chain from cysteine to produce H2S --> in presense of iron forms BLACK precipitate

Organism that is H2S positive?

Proteus

SIM?

Tests for Sulfur (H2S production), Indole, and Motility

Primary indicator of citrate utilization is?

Growth on the media

Oil immersion lens uses oil with ___________________ refractive index as glass to prevent light loss due to diffraction (bending of light rays) which would occur if light traveled from _________ to _________

-approximately the same
-one refractive index to another

As magnification of the objective lens increases, the working distance (distance between the object on slide and the objective lens, when in focus) ______________

decreases

Condenser

directs light towards the objective lens in bright field microscopy

Iris Diaphragm (lever located in the condenser)

adjusts the diameter of the cone of light so that it just fills the objective lens

As you close down the diaphragm:
1. The light intensity _______?
2. Contrast __________?
3. Depth of field __________?

As you close down the diaphragm:
1. The light intensity decreases
2. Contrast improves
3. Depth of field increases
4. Limit Resolution (with oil immersion lens)