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Summary

The Rhetorical Tradition the first comprehensive anthology of primary texts covering the history of rhetoric examines rhetorical theory from classical antiquity through the modern period. Extensive editorial material makes it an essential text for the beginning student as well as the professional scholar.

Author Biography

PATRICIA BIZZELL (Ph.D. Rutgers University) is professor of English at the College of the Holy Cross. With Bruce Herzberg she has published Negotiating Difference (Bedford/St. Martin's, 1996), and with Bruce Herzberg and Nedra Reynolds, The Bedford Bibliography for Teachers of Writing, Fifth Edition (Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000).

BRUCE HERZBERG (Ph.D. Rutgers University) is professor and Chair of English at Bentley College. With Patricia Bizzell he has published Negotiating Difference (Bedford/St. Martin's, 1996), and with Patricia Bizzell and Nedra Reynolds, The Bedford Bibliography for Teachers of Writing, Fifth Edition (Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000).

Table of Contents

Preface

v

General Introduction

1

(16)

The Origins of Rhetoric

1

(1)

Classical Rhetoric

2

(6)

Medieval Rhetoric

8

(1)

The Renaissance

9

(1)

The Enlightenment

10

(2)

Nineteenth-Century Rhetoric

12

(2)

Modern and Postmodern Rhetoric

14

(3)

Part One CLASSICAL RHETORIC

17

(412)

Introduction

19

(23)

The Sophistic Movement

22

(3)

Isocrates and Education in Rhetoric

25

(2)

Aspasia and Opportunities for Women

27

(1)

Plato: True and False Rhetoric

28

(2)

Aristotle: Systematic Rhetoric

30

(2)

The Rise of Rome and the Rhetoric of Cicero

32

(4)

Imperial Rome and the Rhetoric of Quintilian

36

(6)

Gorglas

42

(5)

Encomium of Helen

44

(3)

Anonymous

47

(9)

Dissoi Logoi

48

(8)

Aspasia

56

(11)

Plato, From Menexenus

60

(4)

Cicero, From De Inventione

64

(1)

Athenaeus, From Deipnosophistae

65

(1)

Plutarch, From Lives

66

(1)

Isocrates

67

(13)

Against the Sophists

72

(3)

From Antidosis

75

(5)

Plato

80

(89)

Gorgias

87

(51)

Phaedrus

138

(31)

Aristotle

169

(72)

From Rhetoric

179

(62)

Anonymous

241

(42)

Rhetorica ad Herennium, Book IV

243

(40)

Cicero

283

(61)

From De Oratore

289

(50)

From Orator

339

(5)

Longinus

344

(15)

From on the Sublime

346

(13)

Quintilian

359

(70)

From Institutes of Oratory

364

(65)

Part Two MEDIEVAL RHETORIC

429

(124)

Introduction

431

(19)

Christian Treatments of Rhetoric to Augustine

431

(3)

Rhetoric under Siege in Europe to 1000 C.E.

434

(4)

The ``Renaissance of the Twelfth Century,''

438

(3)

The Rise of the University

441

(3)

The Arts of Letter Writing and Preaching

444

(6)

Augustine

450

(36)

On Christian Doctrine, Book IV

456

(30)

Boethius

486

(6)

An Overview of the Structure of Rhetoric

488

(4)

Anonymous

492

(11)

From The Principles of Letter Writing

496

(7)

Geoffrey of Vinsauf

503

(22)

From Poetria Nova

506

(19)

Robert of Basevorn

525

(15)

From The Form of Preaching

528

(12)

Christine De Pizan

540

(13)

From The Book of the City of Ladies

544

(2)

From The Treasure of the City of Ladies

546

(7)

Part Three RENAISSANCE RHETORIC

553

(236)

Introduction

555

(26)

Rhetoric and Italian Humanism

556

(6)

Italian Women Humanists

562

(3)

Humanism in Northern Europe: Agricola, Erasmus, and Ramus

565

(5)

Humanism and Rhetoric in England: Ramus versus Cicero

570

(11)

Desiderius Erasmus

581

(70)

From Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style

597

(31)

From Ecclesiastes

628

(23)

Baldesar Castiglione

651

(23)

From The Book of the Courtier

661

(13)

Peter Ramus

674

(24)

From Arguments in Rhetoric against Quintilian

681

(17)

Thomas Wilson

698

(38)

From The Arte of Rhetorique

702

(34)

Francis Bacon

736

(12)

From The Advancement of Learning

740

(5)

From Novum Organum

745

(3)

Margaret Fell

748

(13)

Women's Speaking Justified, Proved, and Allowed by the Scriptures

753

(8)

Madeleine De Scudery

761

(19)

Of Conversation

767

(6)

Of Speaking too much, or too little, And how we ought Speak

773

(7)

Sor Juana Ines De La Cruz

780

(9)

From the Poet's Answer to the Most Illustrious Sister Filotea de la Cruz

784

(5)

Part Four ENLIGHTENMENT RHETORIC

789

(192)

Introduction

791

(23)

Rhetoric in the Enlightenment: An Overview

791

(2)

Seventeenth-Century Rhetoric

793

(6)

Eighteenth-Century Rhetoric

799

(15)

John Locke

814

(14)

From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

817

(11)

David Hume

828

(13)

Of the Standard of Taste

830

(11)

Mary Astell

841

(21)

From A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, Part II

847

(15)

Giambattista Vico

862

(17)

From On the Study Methods of Our Time

865

(14)

Thomas Sheridan

879

(10)

A Course of Lectures on Elocution, Lecture VI

881

(8)

Gilbert Austin

889

(9)

From Chironomia

890

(8)

George Campbell

898

(49)

From The Philosophy of Rhetoric

902

(45)

Hugh Blair

947

(34)

From Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres

950

(31)

Part Five NINETEENTH-CENTURY RHETORIC

981

(200)

Introduction

983

(17)

Richard Wately's Rhetoric

983

(2)

The Development of Women's Rhetorics

985

(6)

The Rhetorics of Men of Color

991

(2)

The Rhetoric of Composition

993

(2)

Romanticism and Rhetoric

995

(1)

Language, Rhetoric, and Knowledge

996

(4)

Richard Whately

1000

(31)

From Elements of Rhetoric

1003

(28)

Maria W. Stewart

1031

(14)

Lecture Delivered at the Franklin Hall

1037

(2)

Mrs. Stewart's Farewell Address to Her Friends in the City of Boston

1039

(6)

Sarah Grimke

1045

(16)

Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman, Letters III, IV, and XIV

1050

(11)

Frederick Douglass

1061

(24)

From Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

1070

(5)

From My Bondage and My Freedom

1075

(4)

From The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass

1079

(6)

Phoebe Palmer

1085

(29)

The Promise of the Father, Chapter I

1095

(5)

Tongue of Fire on the Daughters of the Lord

1100

(14)

Frances Willard

1114

(27)

From Woman in the Pulpit

1124

(11)

From Woman and Temperance

1135

(6)

Alexander Bain and Adams Sherman Hill

1141

(11)

Alexander Bain, From English Composition and Rhetoric

1145

(4)

Adams Sherman Hill, From The Principles of Rhetoric

1149

(3)

Herbert Spencer

1152

(16)

From The Philosophy of Style

1154

(14)

Friedrich Nietzsche

1168

(13)

On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense

1171

(10)

Part Six MODERN AND POSTMODERN RHETORIC

1181

(448)

Introduction

1183

(23)

Rhetoric and Composition

1184

(2)

Speech Communication

1186

(1)

Academic Rhetoric in Europe and the United States

1187

(1)

Philosophy of Language versus Rhetoric

1188

(1)

Semantics and Semiotics

1189

(1)

The Meaning of Meaning in Philosophy and Literature

1190

(1)

Meaning and Dialogism

1191

(2)

Literature, Logic, Rhetoric, and Ethics

1193

(2)

Rhetoric versus Logic

1195

(1)

Discourse, Knowledge, and Ideology

1196

(3)

Rhetorics of Gender, Race, and Culture in the Twentieth Century

1199

(3)

The Reach of Rhetoric

1202

(4)

Mikhail Bakhtin

1206

(40)

From Marxism and the Philosophy of Language

1210

(17)

From The Problem of Speech Genres

1227

(19)

Virginia Woolf

1246

(24)

Professions for Women

1253

(3)

Women and Fiction

1256

(4)

Dorothy Richardson

1260

(2)

A Room of One's Own, Chapter Five

1262

(8)

I. A. Richards

1270

(25)

I. A. Richards and C. K. Ogden, From The Meaning of Meaning

1273

(8)

I. A. Richards, From The Philosophy of Rhetoric

1281

(14)

Kenneth Burke

1295

(53)

From A Grammar of Motives

1298

(26)

From A Rhetoric of Motives

1324

(16)

From Language as Symbolic Action

1340

(8)

Richard Weaver

1348

(24)

Language Is Sermonic

1351

(10)

The Phaedrus and the Nature of Rhetoric

1361

(11)

Chaim Perelman

1372

(38)

Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, From The New Rhetoric

1375

(4)

Chaim Perelman, From The Realm of Rhetoric

1379

(5)

Chaim Perelman, The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning

1384

(26)

Stephen Toulmin

1410

(22)

From The Uses of Argument

1413

(16)

From Logic and the Criticism of Arguments

1429

(3)

Michel Foucault

1432

(39)

From The Archaeology of Knowledge

1436

(24)

From The Order of Discourse

1460

(11)

Jacques Derrida

1471

(20)

Signature Event Context

1475

(16)

Wayne C. Booth

1491

(29)

From Modern Dogma and the Rhetoric of Assent

1493

(27)

Helene Cixous

1520

(23)

The Laugh of the Medusa

1524

(13)

Helene Cixous and Catherine Clement, A Woman Mistress

1537

(6)

Henry Louis Gates Jr.

1543

(39)

From The Signifying Monkey and the Language of Signifyin(g): Rhetorical Difference and the Orders of Meaning