Currently, sensors feed information to platforms through IoT gateways, most recently using Low-Power Wide-Area (LPWA) connectivity. User request services are typically implemented from centralized platforms similar to mobile networks. Network architectures are embodied by smart-metering-type scenarios, in which the operator collects data based on relaxed quality requirements.

Today's IoT boom is driven by a new generation of IoT systems, in which data will be more widely and pervasively sensed, collected, analyzed and exploited. The connected car, greater autonomy vehicles, the factory of the future and, more generally, command and control of cyber-physical systems will require reliable, resilient, controlled round-trip delay networks.

IoT will be tagged with localization data just like our now familiar local smartphone-based services. Familiar approaches, such as GNSS, may prove unsuitable for IoT due to low power consumption constraints or no satellite reception.

Technological investments are essential milestones on the IoT second generation roadmap since sensing, connectivity and data analysis lie at the heart of its disruptive business models.

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Alternative and Atomic Energies Agency

CEA is a French government-funded technological research organisation in four main areas: low-carbon energies, defense and security, information technologies and health technologies. A prominent player in the European Research Area, it is involved in setting up collaborative projects with many partners around the world.