ASSESSMENT: FORMATIVE &amp; SUMMATIVE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ASSESSMENT: FORMATIVE &amp; SUMMATIVE . Practices for the Classroom. Keys to Sound Assessment. What: Is the target clear and appropriate?. Why: Is the purpose for Assessment clear?. How: What assessment method will work best?. How much: How can we sample appropriately?. How accurate:

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The mastery of substantive subject matter knowledge where mastery includes both knowing and understanding. Mastery is defined as both knowing information outright and through the effective use of appropriate reference materials. Includes both declarative and procedural knowledge.

The ability to use skills to create certain kinds of tangible products, such as samples of writing, reports, and art products, which exist independently of the performer but which provide concrete evidence of proficiency.

Tasks that ask students to perform, create, produce, or do something. These assessments may tap process, product, or both. Student performances can be evaluated with checklists, rating scales, or rubrics.

‘… often means no more than that the assessment is carried out frequently and is planned at the same time as teaching.’ (Black and Wiliam, 1999)

‘… provides feedback which leads to students recognizing the (learning) gap and closing it … it is forward looking …’ (Harlen, 1998)

‘ … includes both feedback and self-monitoring.’ (Sadler, 1989)

‘… is used essentially to feed back into the teaching and learning process.’ (Tunstall and Gipps, 1996)

Summative

‘…assessment (that) has increasingly been used to sum up learning…’(Black and Wiliam, 1999)

‘… looks at past achievements … adds procedures or tests to existing work ... involves only marking and feedback grades to student … is separated from teaching … is carried out at intervals when achievement has to be summarized and reported.’ (Harlen, 1998)

Summative assessment of the plants is the process of simply measuring them. It might be interesting to compare and analyze measurements but, in themselves, these do not affect the growth of the plants.

Formative assessment, on the other hand, is the equivalent of feeding and watering the plants appropriate to their needs - directly affecting their growth.