The presence of a formal fallacy in a deductive argumentdoes not imply anything about the argument's premises or its conclusion. Both may actually be true, or even more probable as a result of the argument, but the deductive argument is still invalid because the conclusion does not follow from the premises in the manner described. By extension, an argument can contain a formal fallacy even if the argument is not a deductive one; for instance an inductive argument that incorrectly applies principles of probabilityor causalitycan be said to commit a formal fallacy.

Formal logic is not used to determine whether or not an argument is true

A valid argument has a correct formal structure. A valid argument is one where if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true
So, an argument that makes no logical errors could come to a false conclusion

An informal fallacy occurs in an argumentwhose stated premises may fail to adequately support its proposed conclusion.[1]The problem with an informal fallacyoften stems from reasoningthat renders the conclusion unpersuasive. In contrast to a formal fallacyof deduction, the error is not a flaw in logic. Formal fallacies of deductive reasoningfail to guarantee a true conclusion follows given the truth of the premises. This will render the argument invalid. Inductivefallacies are not formal in this sense. Their merit is judged in terms of rational persuasiveness, inductive strength or methodology (for example, statistical inference). In other words, informal fallacies are not necessarily incorrect. However they often need the backing of empirical proofto become convincing.

There seems to be some dispute as to what constitutes a freethinker. Many people who don’t accept organized religion but still believe in new age type mysticism consider themselves to be freethinkers and consider scientific skeptics to be close minded and dogmatic in a very post-modern sense.

naturalism is the "idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the world."[1] Adherents of naturalism (i.e., naturalists) assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that the changing universe at every stage is a product of these laws.[2]

"Naturalism can intuitively be separated into an ontological and a methodological component."[3] "Ontological" refers to the philosophical study of the nature of reality. Some philosophers equate naturalism with materialism. For example, philosopher Paul Kurtz argues that nature is best accounted for by reference to material principles. These principles include mass, energy, and other physical and chemical properties accepted by the scientific community. Further, this sense of naturalism holds that spirits, deities, and ghosts are not real and that there is no "purpose" in nature. Such an absolute belief in naturalism is commonly referred to as metaphysical.[4]

Humanism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HumanismHumanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism). The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated, according to the successive intellectual movements which have identified with it.[1] Generally, however, humanism refers to a perspective that affirms some notion of human freedom and progress. In modern times, humanist movements are typically aligned with secularism, and today "Humanism" typically refers to a non-theistic life stancecentred on human agency, and looking to science instead of religious dogma in order to understand the world.[2]

Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions and religious dignitaries. One manifestation of secularism is asserting the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, or, in a state declared to be neutral on matters of belief, from the imposition by government of religion or religious practices upon its people.[Notes 1] Another manifestation of secularism is the view that public activities and decisions, especiallypolitical ones, should be uninfluenced by religious beliefs and/or practices

Antitheism (sometimes anti-theism) is active opposition to theism. The term has had a range of applications; in secular contexts, it typically refers to direct opposition to organized religion or to the belief in any deity, while in a theistic context, it sometimes refers to opposition to a specific god or gods.

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