A note, 'pre-pocessing' like usage of graduated ND filter or waving black card able to generate photos that normally seems to be too high of DR to capture without tone mapping.
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rockacolaJan 10 '12 at 1:33

@vivek: It appears the image above is copyright by someone other than yourself. I can't make the name out clearly, however it would be best if you simply link the image unless you have express permission to host it here. Uploading images to stackexchange imposes certain license grant that the owner may not wish to grant. Thanks!
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jrista♦Oct 6 '12 at 13:52

5 Answers
5

It can be done in post-processing, of course, but that's the result of shooting a bright light source using a very small aperture (high f-number) and having a 9-bladed iris in the lens.

Different iris shapes will show different "star" patterns. This one has 18 points, which means it came from either a 9-bladed or 18-bladed iris, and since nobody makes lenses with an 18-bladed aperture iris at the moment, it must be a 9-bladed iris. You can practice creating the effect by shooting a small light bulb or candle flame against a dark background to find out which of your lenses gives the best effect and how to control the star pattern with your aperture setting.

If I understand what your asking, how to get the sun to produce a multi-pointed sunburst or star flare like that (Fraunhofer diffraction), its relatively simple: stop down your aperture to the point where it is no longer circular, but a polygonal. Using a fairly small aperture will produce a star flare around most light sources that are not too small.

The nature of the star flare will depend on the type of diaphragm you have in your camera. Not all diaphragms are the same, and range from having as few as 5 blades to as many as 12 in some extreme cases. Different star patterns will be produced depending on the number of corners (even vs. odd).

As for the total effect in the image you posted excluding the flaring of the sun, it looks like the dark shadows of the photo were bumped up a fair bit in post processing (hence the noisiness of the shadowed side of the boats in the foreground). I'm also guessing that saturation was bumped up a fair bit, which is probably what makes the orange so brilliant.

There's probably some post-processing (HDR) to get everything exposed correctly, but you can get the sun's rays without any post-processing. It's hardly the best example, but you can see some of the effect here, where (except for cropping and resizing) I haven't done any post-processing at all:

You want a narrow aperture (though I only used f/4.5 for the example, since I was trying to hand-hold the camera at an awkward angle and couldn't stop down any farther without getting too much camera shake; f/8 or f/16 probably would have had a much more pronounced effect) and it helps if the sun is filtering through something: in my case, leafy trees, and buildings in the image you linked.

adjusting the warmth in the image can help add to the tones, as with saturation and hue, but this photo had a fairly slow shutter speed at f16 or thereabouts id guess which allowed the sun to appear starburst, perhaps using black glass?