How then, can we use minecraft to help a 5 year old (my daughter) start to understand these concepts? I think the best way is to build a trap for monsters.

Firstly, she would have to use cause-and-effect thinking. She would also need to break the trap into it's different parts. She would need to design a trap, and test it. In broad strokes, we will approach like this:

1. Define the problem (zombies, skeltons, and creepers)
2. Understand the component parts of a trap
3. With the component parts, she will design a trap
4. She will test the trap
5. She will generalize ways the trap can be used in other situations

Ok, I'll be honest, this isn't a good example of computational thinking. The classic decomposition, data representation, generalization/abstraction, and algorithms are not really present. But this would get us on a good road, wouldn't it? What do you think?