The Charter Provisions

The individual defendants are indicted under Article 6 of the Charter,
which is as follows:

" Article 6. The Tribunal established by the Agreement referred to in
Article 1 hereof for the trial and punishment of the major war criminals of
the European Axis countries shall have the power to try and punish
persons who, acting in the interests of the European Axis countries,
whether as individuals or as members of organisations, committed any of
the following crimes:

" The following acts, or any of them, are crimes, coming within the
jurisdiction of the Tribunal for which there shall be individual responsibility:

" (a) Crimes against Peace: namely, planning, preparation, initiation or
waging of a war of aggression, or a war in violation of international
treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or
conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing:

" (b) War Crimes: namely, violations of the laws or customs of war. Such
violations shall include, but not be limited to, murder ill-treatment or
deportation to slave labour or for any other purpose of civilian population of
or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or
persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private
property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or devastation not
justified by military necessity:

" (c) Crimes against Humanity: namely, murder, extermination,
enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any
civilian population, before or during the war, or persecutions on political,
racial or religious grounds in execution of or in connection with any crime
within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, whether or not in violation of the
domestic law of the country where perpetrated.

" Leaders, organisers, instigators and accomplices participating in the
formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit any of
the foregoing crimes are responsible for all acts performed by any
persons in execution of such plan."

These provisions are binding upon the Tribunal as the law to be applied to the case. The Tribunal will later discuss them in more detail; but before doing so, it is necessary to review the facts. For the purpose of showing the background of the aggressive war and war crimes charged in the Indictment, the Tribunal will begin by reviewing some of the events that followed the first world war, and in particular, by tracing the growth of the Nazi Party under Hitler's leadership to a position of supreme power from which it controlled the destiny of the whole German people, and paved the way for the alleged commission of all the crimes charged against the defendants.