Origins of the Cold War

What is the difference between communism and capitalism during our period of study?

Communism = Russia, one party state, violence, no freedom of speech. Capitalist= America, freedom of speech, people earn different amounts.

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What was the arms race?

atomic weapons, America used their atomic weapon on Japan in 1945, America created hydrogen bomb 1952, Russia responded with their hydrogen bomb 1953. The USA developed ICBM weapons

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Why did tensions worsen at Potsdam?

Stalin felt angry, threatened, betrayed because America hadn't told him about the atomic weapon. Truman and Atlee were the new leaders and they had different views,

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What was the space race?

USSR launched first satellite called Sputnik I and put the first man into space.The USA launched the Apollo missions and put the first man on the moon.

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What was Soviet expansion?

Russia started to advance through large parts of eastern Europe. They held elections as promised at Yalta but these elections were possible rigged. Europe was now divided. Churchill commented on this in his 'iron curtain' speech at Fulton.

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What was the Truman Doctrine 1948?

Truman Doctrine- $400 million given to Greece and Turkey. Britain couldn't afford to be there or help anymore, Russia give money and supplies and the communists didn't gain control. Stalin wanted control of the Dardanelles, America gave money to help

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What happened in Czechoslovakia in 1948?

They held elections for Czechoslovakia to decide whether to become communist. It seemed the non communist would win, non communist ministers resigned and people were killed. People were only allowed to vote for the communists.

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Why did the Truman Doctrine cause tension?

This is when containment started properly. Russia felt angry that America had gotten involved when Greece had communists wanting to take control.

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What was the Marshall Plan?

Between 12 and 13 billion dollars given to Europe especially countries still badly affected after WWII. It's aim was to stop communism from spreading but also to help.

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Why did the Marshall Plan cause tension?

Only western European countries accepted it not eastern. Stalin felt America were trying to buy capitalism. Stalin refused Marshall aid for Russia and other communist countries. It led to Cominform and Comecon.

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What caused the Berlin Blockade?

New currency, American Aid and Trizonia.

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Why did the Berlin Blockade/airlift cause tension?

Stalin closed all rail, road and canal into Western Berlin, first time Stalin had threatened any violence. Relations were even worse now.Germany would stay divided.

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Why did NATO develop the Cold War?

This was a response to the Berlin Airlift. Stalin saw this as the west joining together against him. No eastern European countries joined. led to Warsaw Pact eventually and even more distrust.

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What happened during the Korean War?

North Korea was supported by China and Russia,South Korea was supported by America. 38th parallel divided it. N Korea forced S Korea over divide, then S Korea force N Korea back, then N Korea pushed s korea back then they pushed back to divide.

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Why did the Korean War cause tension?

America's relationship with China worsened as a result. First time America and Russia were involved in war on the opposite side, Domino effect of communist was clear.

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Describe Khrushchev's peaceful coexistence

He attacked Stalin for being a dictator, he destalinised Russia, people believed he wouldn't insist on communist countries taking orders from Russia, Austria became independant.

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What happened in Hungary in 1956?

Hungary blamed Russia for alot of problems in Hungary e.g standard of living falling. Khrsuchev was alarmed when Hungary's primeminister Niggy demanded Hungary leave the Warsaw Pact. Russian troops and 1000 tanks moved in to stop the uprising.

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What were the results of Hungary?

Between 2,500 and 30,000 Hungarians killed, the uprising highlighted the limitations of Khruschevs's peaceful coexistence, other states didn't dare to challenge Russia.