Accelerating climate action

Climate change, extreme weather, health, rapid urbanization, water and sanitation, food security, energy and infrastructure are challenging communities around the world. All of these are expected to be part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a global framework to be announced this September aiming to set the world towards a sustainable future.

As we mark United Nations World Water Day on 22 March, it’s more important than ever to understand the vital role of water in unlocking this future. Tackling water and sanitation challenges will create a ripple effect across the expected set of SDGs as water is crucial to many of the challenges the SDGs aim to address:

Gender equality: Women and girls are more likely to bear the burden of fetching drinking water from outdoor sources. Surveys from 45 developing countries show that in almost two-thirds of households without a drinking water source on the premises, it is women and girls who collect water. In sub-Saharan Africa, women and girls spend 40 billion hours a year collecting water – the equivalent of a year’s worth of labour by the entire workforce in France.

Sustainable Energy: Even water-abundant countries are not immune. Brazil generates more than 70% of its energy from hydropower – water shortages threaten electricity blackouts, affecting industrial drivers of the economy. Imposed energy quotas due to a drought in 2000 and 2001 are estimated to have cost the country roughly $20 billion, reducing GDP by 2%.

Urbanization: Sao Paolo, Brazil’s most populous city and economic heart, is experiencing its worst drought in over 80 years. With record low rainfall combined with the impact of deforestation and pollution, the city’s key reservoirs are near depletion and the city’s 20 million inhabitants are faced with water cut-offs and restrictions for days at a time. In China, owing to rising urbanization and increasing affluence wastewater has increased by 65% from 41.5 billion tonnes in 2000 to 68.5 billion tonnes in 2012, and is projected to grow further.

These examples from around the world, by no means exhaustive, illustrate water’s footprint across key development issues and underscore the importance of placing water and sanitation at the heart of sustainable development. What needs to be done now?

Solution-building across sectors and stakeholders is a critical starting point. One such example already proving its impact is the 2030 Water Resources Group (2030 WRG), a global public-private-civil society partnership incubated at the Forum, which supports government efforts to accelerate water reforms needed for economic growth and development. In South Africa, the 2030 WRG has helped create the Strategic Water Partners Network to help advance national water goals, including developing a policy to reduce water losses in municipalities from the current 32% to 18% by 2025, saving the country over R2.5 billion (200 million). Other projects in the pipeline focused on treating and reusing mine water, and improving water-use efficiency in large-scale agriculture irrigation schemes.

At the Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos in January 2015, the Government of South Africa – Chair of the G77 in 2015 – invited the Forum to help mobilize a leading network of private-sector and other actors to partner with governments and support the implementation of a water and sanitation SDG through coordinated efforts, trust building and new partnerships. This will be taken forward at the upcoming World Economic Forum on Africa in Cape Town in June 2015, with the aim of accelerating public-private cooperation for water and sanitation to realize the Sustainable Development Goals.

Author: Alex Mung, Associate Director, Head of Water Initiative at World Economic Forum.

Image: An earthquake survivor drinks water from a well in a provisional camp at downtown Port-au-Prince October 30, 2010. REUTERS/ Eduardo Munoz