In the redesign of an assembly or packing line a multidisciplinary team of medical and technical representatives work collectively to identify, evaluate, and control risks to employees whilst maintaining productivity for the company concerned. Those who contribute to the redesigning of industrial equipment, such as assembly or packing lines, include professionals with a variety of expertise, including the occupational health nurse, occupational therapist, occupational hygienist, physiotherapist, ergonomist, human resource staff, and the design engineers. The role of each representative from the seven groups will often overlap, the objective for all however is to identify health hazards in the workplace and eliminate them, protecting workers from the primary sources of health risks whilst designing proficient equipment that makes the best of the workers potential without exceeding their physical and psychological capacity. The role of the occupational health nurse is to provide nursing care in the work environment to employees and others with injury and illness. The nurse gives emergency care, prepares accident reports, and arranges further treatment or care if required. They also assess work environments for potential or actual health problems. Their contribution to redesigning an assembly or packing line would be in the form of supplying valuable data from incident and accident reports that identifies hazards relating to the existing equipment (Lloyd, 2002; Quinlan & Bohle, 1991; Sanders & McCormick, 1993). Responsible for preventative modification of the working environment has generally been assigned to occupational hygienists, engineers, and ergonomists. Occupational hygiene is an environmental science concerned with physical, chemical, and biologic hazards to the worker. The occupational hygienists recognize that safe and healthy working conditions enhance the quality of life for the people involved and contribute to productivity. Broken into three...

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...ERGONOMICS
ABSTRACT
The understanding and practice of ergonomics, concentrated on the knowledge of human characteristics, abilities and needs, plays a fundamental role in satisfying people – whether they are ardent customers, users or workers. In this context ergonomics and quality can be regarded as overall approaches, as philosophies taking account of people in the way things are designed and organized. Given the conceptual similarities and that several indicators point to the fact that poor ergonomics may cause quality deficiencies, there has in recent years been an increased focus on the potential benefits of an integrative approach.
INTRODUCTION
Derived from the Greek ergon (work) and nomos (laws) to denote the science of work, ergonomics is a systems-oriented discipline, which now applies to all aspects of human activity. At times referred to as human factors, it’s a scientific discipline with the understanding of the co-relation of human and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theoretical principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well being and overall system performance.
The Nordic Ergonomics Society defines ergonomics as the Interdisciplinary field of science and application considering integrated knowledge of human requirements and needs in the interaction human-technology-environment in the...

...measurements and function. Over the last several dec­ades however, concern for human dimensions and body size, as critical factors in the design process, has steadily increased. No­where has this concern been greater than in the field of human fac­tors engineering, as it is called in the United States, or ergonomics, as it is referred to in Europe. It should be noted, however, that con­cern for body size is only one of several areas of interest to the human factors engineer, or ergonomist, due to the extremely com­plex nature of those disciplines. According to one definition, "human engineering (human factors engineering, ergonomics, biotechnol­ogy) is not a single scientific discipline but a synthesis which inte­grates the biological sciences—psychology, anthropology, physiology, and medicine—with engineering."
Ergonomics has been defined in one instance as “the technology of work design" that "is based on the human biological sciences: anat­omy, physiology and psychology." In another instance, it is defined more simply as "an interdisciplinary science which studies the rela­tionships between people and their environments ". Most agree that both terms "human engineering” and "ergonomics" may be used in­terchangeably and during the course of this book, both terms will be so used.
The application of human factors engineering has been typically associated with highly complex and limited technological problems in...

...Diane Pollinger
Keyboarding
March 13, 2010
Week 10 Research Project
Ergonomics
When I first started my Keyboarding class this quarter, I thought I was way over my head. Although I can type fast and finish my work in a timely and professional manner, I never knew that even when your working on writing a paper there are certain ways to do everything. Your positioning plays a huge role in your success in completing all of your tasks as a Medical Assistant.Ergonomics is the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace to fit the worker. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability.
There are three different domains that International Ergonomics Association divides ergonomics into:
* Physical Ergonomics
* Cognitive Ergonomics
* Organizational Ergonomics
Physical Ergonomics deals with human anatomical, and some of the anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical activity. Cognitive Ergonomics deals with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. Organizational Ergonomics deals with the optimization of socio technical systems, including their...

...﻿
SYNTHESIS
Ergonomics can be defined simply as the study of work. More specifically, ergonomics is the science of designing the job to fit the worker, rather than physically forcing the worker’s body to fit the job. Adapting tasks, work stations, tools, and equipment to fit the worker can help reduce physical stress on the workers body and eliminate potentially serious, disabling work related musculoskeletal disorder (MSD).
MSDs, or musculoskeletal disorders, are injuries and disorders of the soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage) and nervous system. They can affect nearly all tissues, including the nerves and tendon sheaths, and most frequently involve the arms and back. Occupational safety and health professionals have called these disorders a variety of names, including cumulative trauma disorders, repeated trauma, repetitive stress injuries, and occupational overexertion syndrome. These painful and often disabling injuries generally develop gradually over weeks, months, and years. MSDs usually result from exposure to multiple risk factors that can cause or exacerbate the disorders, not from a single event or trauma such as a fall, collision, or entanglement. MSDs can cause a number of conditions, including pain, numbness, tingling, stiff joints, difficulty moving, muscle loss, and sometimes paralysis. Frequently, workers must lose time from work to recover; some never regain full...

...﻿INTRODUCTION
The word "Ergonomics" comes from two Greek words "ergon," meaning work, and "nomos" meaning "laws." Today, however, the word is used to describe the science of "designing the job to fit the worker, not forcing the worker to fit the job." Ergonomics covers all aspects of a job, from the physical stresses it places on joints, muscles, nerves, tendons, bones and the like, to environmental factorswhich can effect hearing, vision, and general comfort and health.
Ergonomics is about designing for people, wherever they interact with products, systems or processes. We usually don’t notice good design (unless perhaps, it’s exceptional) because it gives us no cause to, but we do notice poor design. The emphasis within ergonomics is to ensure that designs complement the strengths and abilities of people and minimise the effects of their limitations, rather than forcing them to adapt. In achieving this aim, it becomes necessary to understand and design for the variability represented in the population, spanning such attributes as age, size, strength, cognitive ability, prior experience, cultural expectations and goals. Qualified ergonomists are the only recognised professionals to have competency in optimising performance, safety and comfort.
Practitioners study how people interact with products, processes and environments day to day in order to improve them, to make them easier to...

...com/locate/ssci
Ergonomics in product design: safety factor
´
Jean-Claude Sagot*, Valerie Gouin, Samuel Gomes
´
Equipe de Recherche en ERgonomie et COnception (ERCO),
´
´liard, Belfort, Cedex 90010, France
Universite de Technologie de Belfort-Montbe
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to give a number of methodological and theoretical indicators
concerning the contribution of ergonomists to the execution of design projects of new products. Within the context of a design project, the present work therefore describes the studies
and ergonomic analyses that can be undertaken during each phase of the design process from
a design model based on concurrent engineering. Encompassing the design of the driving
cabin of the new generation of high-speed trains (TGV-NG), this paper, through the ergonomic study of a number of technical sub-systems of this product, illustrates the advisory role
of the ergonomist who, within the collective design process, ensures that the speciﬁc nature of
the ‘‘human factor’’ is fully integrated into the design approach. Thus, throughout the design
process, the ergonomist is called upon both to advise the designer on the characteristics of the
target users and, on the basis of a ‘‘desirable future activities’’ approach, to help him or her
assess the consequences of the design choices made. Ergonomics is described consequently, as
an innovation and safety factor.
# 2002...

...5.0 PART 3: Ergonomic Analysis of the Product
Through this section we will discuss all the related theory to our project. This is to make us understand what the real process of designing a product to meet the customer’s requirement fulfil the ergonomic purpose.
5.1 Theory and Fundamental
5.2 Ergonomics
5.2.1 Definition
Ergonomics is the science of creating products, spaces, and experiences to fit the natural tendencies of the user, rather than forcing the user to conform to the created product, space or experience.
Ergonomics is a science concerned with the ‘fit’ between people and their work. It takes account of the worker's capabilities and limitations in seeking to ensure that tasks, equipment, information and the environment suit each worker.
Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with designing according to the human needs, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. The field is also called human engineering, and human factors.
Ergonomic research is performed by those who study human capabilities in relationship to their work demands. Information derived from these studies contributes to the design and evaluation of tasks, jobs, products, environments and systems in order to make them compatible with the needs, abilities and limitations of...