Einar Hjörleifsson Kvaran

A clergyman’s son, Kvaran studied at the University of Copenhagen, where he joined a group of young Icelandic radicals. He went to Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1885 and for 10 years was a leading journalist and editor in the Icelandic immigrant community there. He spent the rest of his life as a journalist and writer in Reykjavík.

Kvaran had popular success. He expressed the contemporary longing for political independence, a better social structure, and better education. In Canada he had been converted to spiritualism, and he spent the rest of his life espousing it. Yet, although he dispensed with programmatic realism in the mode of Georg Brandes, Kvaran continued to embrace social progress and future-oriented views in both life and art. He was a journalist until 1906 and from 1910 was subsidized as a writer by a government grant. His first novel was the two-volume Ofurefli—Gull (1908–11; “Overwhelming Odds—Gold”), whose major theme was the conflict between orthodoxy and liberal religion. Kvaran’s novels were often written to a thesis and were peopled with characters who were little more than vehicles for his various ideas and humane outlook. His masterly short stories show him at his best.