Political Science faculty are nationally known scholars in their respective fields, dedicated to high-quality teaching and education. Department faculty members have received distinctions such as the Presidential Award for Research and Creativity, Chancellor's Award for Research and Creativity, Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching, Governor's Teaching Awards, Burlington Northern Faculty Achievement Award, and Emerson Electric Excellence in Teaching Award. They have received research grants from such prestigious agencies as the John F. Kennedy Library, the Ford Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the German Marshall Fund, the United States Department of Education, the Fulbright Program, and the United States Institute for Peace. The faculty has published its research in more than 80 books and 400 articles in scholarly journals and is devoted to using its research findings to improve teaching.

In 1987, the Department of Political Science was designated as a Center of Eminence by the Board of Curators. This makes political science one of only two such programs on the St. Louis campus and ten in the entire University of Missouri system to be so designated. The department was selected because of its excellence in research and teaching.

In addition to helping students become more knowledgeable about politics and public policy, political science course work provides rich opportunities for students to develop a variety of practical skills--such as information-gathering and processing, analysis, research, decision making and oral and written communication--that are transferable to many career paths and job settings after graduation.

General Information

Degrees and Areas of Concentration
The political science department offers undergraduate work leading to the B.A. degree in political science, B.S. degree in public policy and administration, and, in cooperation with the College of Education, the B.A. in political science with teacher certification and the B.S. in education with an emphasis in social studies. ( See College of Education section in this Bulletin for details.) Minors in political science are available to students who are majoring in another discipline and who have a special interest in law, government, politics, and public policy.

Principal areas of concentration include urban politics, American political processes and behavior, international politics, comparative politics, public policy and administration, public law, and political theory. In many courses, emphasis is placed on the ways in which public policies are developed and administered. In addition to formal course work, internships are available in which the student can relate classroom learning to practical field experience.

The political science department also offers graduate courses leading to the M.A. and Ph.D. in political science. The M.A. program in political science offers advanced education for those seeking careers in government, business, secondary education, community, or not-for-profit agencies. The principal foci of the 33-hour program are public administration and public policy analysis/evaluation in the local, state, national, and international areas. The flexibility of the general master's degree allows for individualized programs in urban politics, prelegal education, American national government, comparative politics, international relations, and political theory.

The Ph.D. in political science emphasizes the study of theoretic, analytic, and substantive approaches to public policy. Core courses include research methods, normative and empirical theory, and policy processes and institutions. Doctoral candidates, in consultation with the faculty, develop a policy concentration, which can be interdisciplinary. Internships, when appropriate, may be a component. All successful doctoral candidates must complete a dissertation, which makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the field.

Most graduate classes are scheduled so those employed outside the university can participate in the programs on a part-time basis. Financial assistance is available to full-time students.

Special Interdisciplinary Degree
The Department of Political Science also cooperates with the Department of Economics in the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Business Administration in offering a master's degree in public policy administration (MPPA). For information on the MPPA degree program, see that section in this Bulletin.

Cooperative Programs
Political science students may also study overseas, or obtain a certificate in international studies, European studies, African Studies, East Asian studies, Latin American studies, women's studies, or writing, in conjunction with their political science major. See Certificate Programs in this Bulletin and consult with the Center for International Studies.

Research in political science is encouraged for students at all levels. Assistance is available at UM-St. Louis' Public Policy Research Centers, the Center for International Studies, and the Office of Computing. The department's membership in the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research provides access to a wide range of survey data on local-state-national, comparative, and international politics. In addition, extensive research opportunities are available within the metropolitan St. Louis area. Scholarships are available for qualified students; details can be obtained from the department office.

Undergraduate Studies

General Education Requirements
Majors must satisfy the university and college general education requirements. Political science courses may be used to satisfy the social sciences requirement. The foreign language requirement for the B.A. degree may be satisfied in any language.

Departmental Honors
The department awards honors to students having a grade point average (GPA) of 3.2 in the major, an overall GPA of 3.2 (except in extraordinary circumstances), and successfully completed an honors thesis, project, or report.

Degree Requirements
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science

All majors must complete at least 36, but not more than 45, hours of political science. All students are required to take the following core curriculum:

Majors are urged to take Pol Sci 1100, 1500, and 2000 as early as possible since these courses are designed to provide a substantive foundation as well as conceptual and analytical tools for subsequent course work. Because the seminar topics in Pol Sci 3950 change from semester to semester, the course can be repeated as an elective. All majors must take at least one Seminar in Political Science.

Students also must complete at least one course in four of the following political science areas: Public Law (chosen from among courses listed in bulletin at the 1000, 2000, or 3000 or 4000 level) American Politics (chosen from among courses listed in bulletin at the 1000, 2000, or 3000 or 4000 level). Public Policy and Administration (chosen from among courses listed in bulletin at the 1000, 2000, or 3000 or 4000 level). Comparative Politics (chosen from among courses listed in bulletin at the 1000, 2000, or 3000 or 4000 level). Political Theory (chosen from among courses listed in bulletin at the 1000, 2000, or 3000 or 4000 level). International Relations (chosen from among courses listed in bulletin at the 1000, 2000, or 3000 or 4000 level). Methodology (chosen from among courses listed in bulletin at the 1000, 2000, or 3000 or 4000 level).

At least 18 hours of political science course work must be at the 2000, 3000 or 4000 level, not including Pol Sci 2000. B.A. degree students may take a maximum of 3 hours of political science on a satisfactory/ unsatisfactory basis; this can include any course except the required courses in the core curriculum.

Note : As early as possible, students should determine their educational objectives and consult with an adviser regarding a plan of study. Those students who are uncertain of their future plans are urged to include in their 36-45 hours of political science a broad set of courses in American politics, public policy and administration, public law, comparative politics, international politics, political theory, and methodology. In addition to this general course of study in political science, the department offers B.A. degree students several specialized programs of study in political science geared to various student academic and career interests.

Graduate School Preparation This program is designed for students planning to pursue graduate studies in political science, particularly the Ph.D. degree, with the aim of a career as either an academic or practitioner (working as a researcher, policy analyst, or in some other capacity calling for advanced knowledge and skills). In addition to the core curriculum and common requirements for all political science majors, students are advised to (1) take as many political science courses at the 2000 and 3000 or 4000 level as possible in a variety of areas (public law, American politics, comparative and international politics, etc.), (2) complete a departmental honors project based on independent research and writing in Pol Sci 3900, Special Readings, and (3) give special consideration to courses in normative political theory (such as Pol Sci 2620, Modern Political Thought) and research methods (such as Pol Sci 6401, Introduction to Policy Research, which is a graduate course open to undergraduates with Graduate School approval). Students are also encouraged to take course work outside the department in microeconomics, macroeconomics, and statistics.

Legal Studies This is an ideal program of study for double majors in political science and criminal justice or for any student interested in law school and a career in the law. In addition to the core curriculum and common requirements for all political science majors, students are advised to take Pol Sci 1200, Foundations of Law: An Introduction to Legal Studies, and at least four of the following political science courses: 2260, Law and the Individual 2280, Judicial Politics and Policy 2290, Women and the Law 2650, American Political Thought 2900, Studies in Political Science (when appropriate) 3200, Constitutional Law 3210, Civil Liberties 3260, Judicial Decision-making 3290, Studies in Public Law 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 3940, Public Affairs Internship (when appropriate) 4850, International Law

Students are also advised to take political science course work that gives them a strong background in American political institutions and processes. Those students considering practicing law in the international arena should take course work in comparative and international politics. Political science course work may be supplemented by course work in criminal justice and criminology.

American Politics Designed for those students interested in careers in communications, education, business, social work, political consulting, and other fields requiring knowledge of American urban, state, and national politics and institutions. Education majors planning to teach in the social studies field, communications majors planning on a career in journalism, or business majors thinking about working in corporate relations may especially wish to consider a double major in political science with a focus in this area. In addition to the core curriculum and common requirements for all majors, students are advised to take at least five of the following political science courses:

1990, The City 2280, Judicial Politics and Policy 2300, State Politics 2320, African Americans and the Political System 2350, Introduction to Urban Politics 2380, Women in U.S. politics 2420, Introduction to Public Policy 2650, American Political Thought 2820, United States Foreign Policy 2900, Studies in Political Science (when appropriate) 3300, The American Presidency 3330, Introduction to Political Behavior 3331, Congressional Politics 3340, Politics and the Media 3350, Political Parties and Elections 3370, Mock Constitutional Convention 3390, Studies in American Politics 3480, Environmental Politics 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 3940, Public Affairs Internship (when appropriate)

In addition, students may wish to choose other political science courses listed below under the public policy and administration program of study. Given the growing reality of international interdependence, students should not restrict their studies completely to American politics but should take some course work in comparative and international politics as well. Depending on their specific career interest, students may wish to round out their program with course work in other social science departments such as criminal justice, communications, economics, or social work.

Public Policy and Administration Designed for students interested in working inside or outside government, in a career requiring familiarity with how public policies are formulated and implemented. (Students alternatively may wish to consider the B.S. in public policy and administration degree offered by the political science department.) In addition to the core curriculum and common requirements for all majors, students are advised to take Pol Sci 2420, Introduction to Public Policy, and at least four of the following political science courses: 2400, Public Administration 2820, United States Foreign Policy 2900, Studies in Political Science (when appropriate) 3400, Bureaucratic Politics 3410, The Politics of Business Regulation 3420, Public Personnel Management 3439, Studies in Policy Formation 3440, Public Budgeting 3450, Urban Administration 3450, The Politics of Poverty and Welfare 3480, Environmental Politics 3490, Studies in Public Administration 3570, Gender, Race, and Public Policy 3940, Public Affairs Internship (when appropriate) 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 4080, Program Evaluation 4470, Urban Planning and Politics 4510, Comparative Public Policy and Administration 4940, Leadership and Management in Nonprofit Organizations

Depending on career interests, students should add course work in American, comparative, or international politics. Students are encouraged to develop a policy concentration in a particular policy area, such as urban, labor, health, education, and business studies, with multidisciplinary course work taken in political science and other departments.

International and Comparative Studies Designed for students interested in international careers in government service (not only the U.S. State Department but also other federal government agencies), intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, business, education, and other areas of employment. In addition to the core curriculum and common requirements for all political science majors, students are advised to take Pol Sci 1800, World Politics, or Pol Sci 2500, Comparing Different Worlds, and at least four of the following political science courses (some of which are international politics courses that focus on conflict and cooperation between countries, and some of which are comparative politics courses that focus on political, economic, and social change within countries): 1600, Contemporary Political Ideologies 1820, Global Issues 1850, Global Ecology 2510, Comparative Politics of Europe 2520, Middle Eastern Politics 2530, Political Systems of South America 2540, Political Systems of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean 2550, East Asian Politics 2560, Russia and the New Republics 2580, African Politics 2800, Model United Nations 2820, United States Foreign Policy 2900, Studies in Political Science (when appropriate) 3570, Gender, Race, and Public Policy 3590, Studies in Comparative Politics 3690, The Marxist Heritage 3830, International Political Economy 3840, European International Relations 3850, International Organizations and Global Problem Solving 3860, Studies in War and Peace 3890, Studies in International Relations 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 3940, Public Affairs Internship (when appropriate) 4510, Comparative Public Policy and Administration 4550, Democratization in Comparative Perspective 4850, International Law

Students interested in working for the U.S. Foreign Service, American-based multinational companies, and nonprofit organizations should also take course work that familiarizes them with the American political system and how public policy is made. Students should explore the various interdisciplinary area studies and international studies certificate programs offered through the Center for International Studies.

Bachelor of Science in Public Policy and Administration
The BSPA degree has two emphasis areas. The first is a public administration track, which emphasizes management in both the public and nonprofit sectors; it may produce a terminal degree or be a precursor to graduate training. The second is a public policy track in which a student may focus on a particular policy area and also acquire specialized analytic training and research skills, in preparation for relevant entry-level jobs in the public or the voluntary sector as well as in certain parts of the private sector.

All BSPA majors must complete at least 33, but no more than 45, hours in political science. The following core curriculum is required of all BSPA majors:

Political Science 1100, Introduction to American Politics 1500, Introduction to Comparative Politics 2000, Political Analysis 2400, Public Administration 2420, Introduction to Public Policy 3940, Public Affairs Internship 3950, Senior Seminar in Political Science Econ 1001, Principles of Microeconomics Econ 1002, Principles of Macroeconomics CCJ 2220, Statistical Analysis in Criminology and Criminal Justice or Sociology 3220, Sociological Statistics or Econ 3100, Economic Statistics
In addition, students must provide a demonstration of computer proficiency through one of the following:

BA 1800, Computers and Information Systems, extension courses, or other study approved by the BSPA coordinator.

BSPA students may take a maximum of 3 hours of political science on a satisfactory/ unsatisfactory basis, except for the following (which may not be taken on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis): Pol Sci 1100, 1500, 2400, 2000, 2420, 3940, and 3950.

Public Administration Emphasis Area
In addition to the core curriculum requirements for all BSPA majors, students in the public administration emphasis area are required to complete the following courses: Pol Sci 3420, Public Personnel Management Pol Sci 3440, Public Budgeting BA 2400, Fundamentals of Financial Accounting

Students in the public administration emphasis area also must take two of the political science courses listed under policy and institutions courses below, as well as take at least two additional elective courses chosen from among that list or any other political science offerings.

Public Policy Emphasis Area
In addition to the core curriculum requirements for all BSPA majors, students in the public policy emphasis area must take four political science courses, preferably selected from the policy and institutions courses listed below but which may include other political science course offerings as well.

Students will adopt a policy concentration of at least 15 credit hours. Possible areas of specialization include, but are not limited to, environmental policy, government and business, society and the legal system, urban policy, labor studies, health care, human services, and nonprofit service provision. In fulfilling the concentration requirement, students, in consultation with the BSPA coordinator, will select courses from related disciplines in addition to taking two more political science courses related to the policy area beyond the four political science courses already required.

Note: Stude nts considering the B.S. in public policy and administration should see a political science adviser as early as possible to plan their program.

Requirements for the Minors
A general minor in political science can be arranged, as well as specialized minors in eight different subfields of the discipline. Interested students should see a faculty adviser to plan a coherent program of study as a minor field.

Students must achieve a cumulative 2.0 GPA in the political science courses chosen to qualify for the minor. Students may count no more than 3 hours in political science taken on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis toward the minor. Students taking an internship Political Science 3940 may count no more than three hours of the internship toward the minor.

Minor in Political Science, General
Fifteen hours, chosen from among all political science courses.

Minor in American Politics
Fifteen hours, chosen from the following political science courses: 1100, Introduction to American Politics 2300, State Politics 2350, Introduction to Urban Politics 2650, American Political Thought 2280, Judicial Politics and Policy 3300, The American Presidency 3331, Congressional Politics 2320, African Americans and the Political System 3330, Introduction to Political Behavior 3340, Politics and the Media 3350, Political Parties and Elections 2380, Women in U.S. Politics 3410, The Politics of Business Regulation 2420, Introduction to Public Policy 2820, United States Foreign Policy 3940, Public Affairs Internship (when appropriate) 3390, Studies in American Politics 3370, Mock Constitutional Convention 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate)

Minor in Comparative Politics
Political Science 1500, Introduction to Comparative Politics, plus 12 hours from the following political science courses: 2500, Comparing Different Worlds 2510, Comparative Politics of Europe 2530, Political Systems of South America 2540, Political Systems of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean 2550, East Asian Politics 2560, Russia and the New Republics 2580, African Politics 3570, Gender, Race, and Public Policy 3590, Studies in Comparative Politics 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 4510, Comparative Public Policy Administration 4550, Democratization in Comparative Perspective

Minor in International Relations
Fifteen hours, chosen from the following political science courses: 1800, World Politics 1820, Global Issues 1850, Global Ecology 2520, Middle Eastern Politics 2820, United States Foreign Policy 3830, International Political Economy 3840, European International Relations 3850, International Organizations and Global Pro blem-Solving 3860, Studies in War and Peace 3890, Studies in International Relations 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 3940, Public Affairs Internship (when appropriate) 4850, International Law

Minor in Political Theory
Fifteen hours, chosen from the following political science courses: 1600, Contemporary Political Ideologies 2610, Ancient and Medieval Political Thought 2620, Modern Political Thought 2650, American Political Thought 3680, Feminist Political Theory 3690, The Marxist Heritage 3690, Studies in Political Theory 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate)

Minor in Public Law
Fifteen hours, chosen from the following political science courses: 1200, Foundations of Law: An Introduction to Legal Studies 2260, Law and the Individual 2280, Judicial Politics and Policy 2290, Women and the Law 3200, Constitutional Law 3210, Civil Liberties 3260, Judicial Decision-Making 3290, Studies in Public Law 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 4850, International Law

Minor in Public Policy
Political Science 2420, Introduction to Public Policy, plus 12 hours chosen from the following political science courses: 2300, State Politics 2350, Introduction to Urban Politics 2400, Public Administration 3300, The American Presidency 3400, Bureaucratic Politics 3410, The Politics of Business Regulation 3440, Public Budgeting 3450, Urban Administration 3460, The Politics of Poverty and Welfare 3480, Environmental Politics 3570, Gender, Race, and Public Policy 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 3940, Public Affairs Internship (when appropriate) 4080, Program Evaluation 4470, Urban Planning and Politics 4510, Comparative Public Policy and Administration

Minor in Urban Politics
Political Science 2350, Introduction to Urban Politics, plus 12 hours chosen from the following political science courses: 2320, African-Americans and the Political System 3450, Urban Administration 3460, The Politics of Poverty and Welfare 3900, Special Readings (when appropriate) 3940, Public Affairs Internship (when appropriate) 4470, Urban Planning and Politics

Minor in Women and Politics PS 1550, Women and Politics in the Developing World and 12 hours from among the following political science courses: PS 2290, Woman and the Law PS 2380, Women in U.S. Politics PS 3439, Studies in Policy Formation (consent of instructor required) PS 3460, The Politics of Poverty and Welfare PS 3570, Gender, Race, and Public Policy (Comparative) PS 3590, Politics, Leadership and the Global Gender Gap PS 3680, Feminist Political Theory PS 3900, Special Readings (consent of instructor required) PS 4940, Leadership and Management in Nonprofit Organizations (consent of instructor)

Bachelor of Arts with Teacher Certification For information, refer to the College of Education section in this Bulletin.

Bachelor of Science in Education: Emphasis in Social Studies
The Political Science requirements are the same as for the B.A. degree except students fulfill the College of Education general education requirements rather than those of the College of Arts and Sciences. For informa tion, refer to the College of Education section in this Bulletin.

Graduate Studies

2+3 B.A. and M.A. in Political Science
The 2+3 Combined BA/MA program in Political Science provides an opportunity for students of recognized academic ability and educational maturity to complete the requirements for both degrees in 5 years of fulltime study.

The combined program requires a minimum of 140 credit hours of which at least 33 must be at the graduate level in political science. In qualifying for the BA, students must meet all University and College requirements. Students in the combined 2+3 who successfully complete the requirements for the MA degree will be awarded a BA degree simultaneously upon completion of at least 107 hours of undergraduate credit.

Student should apply to the Department for admission to the 2+3 combined degree program in Political Science during the semester they will complete 60 undergraduate credit hours. A cumulative grade point average of 3.0 or higher and three letters of recommendation from faculty are required. Students will be admitted to the 2+3 program under provisional status until they have completed 30 hours in that program with a grade point of 3.0 or higher. After completion of the provisional period, with the recommendation of the Graduate Director, students can be granted full admission into the 2+3 program.

Students must maintain a grade point average of 3.0 or higher throughout the combined program. Students who officially withdraw from the 2+3 combined degree program, who have successfully completed all the regular requirements for the BA degree (120 hours) will be awarded their BA degree.

Undergraduate Requirements for Student in the 2+3 Program
A. The following must be completed prior to enrolling in the 2+3 program

1. Students must take
PS 1100, Introduction to American Politics
PS 1500, Introduction to Comparative Politics

2. PLUS two of the following:
PS 1600, Contemporary Political Theory
PS 1800, World Politics
PS 2300, State Politics
PS 2350, Introduction to Urban Politics
PS 2400, Introduction to Public Administration
PS 2650, American Political Thought

2. PLUS 3 of the following (9 credits):
PS 6420, Proseminar in Public Law
PS 6430, Proseminar in American Politics
PS 6440, Proseminar in Public Policy Administration
PS 6450, Proseminar in Comparative Politics
PS 6460, Proseminar in Political Theory
PS 6470, Proseminar in Urban Politics
PS 6480, Proseminar in International Relations

3. PLUS 5 additional graduate Political Science classes (15 credits).
Students should select an emphasis in American

Politics, Public Policy, Comparative Politics, Political

Theory, or International Relations.

4. PLUS Exit Project or Internship or Thesis (6 credits)

Summary of Credits in Political Science:
BA: 27 hours (12 completed in lower division courses before admission to the 2+3 program )
MA: 33 hours at the graduate level

TOTAL: 60 hours in Political Science classes

Master of Arts in Political Science Admission Requirements: For admission, a student should have a baccalaureate degree with a minimum grade point average of 2.75 and an undergraduate background in the social sciences. The GRE is required, and scores should be submitted at the time of application. Two letters of recommendation are also requested for each student applying to the program. Students who do not meet these requirements may be admitted upon approval of the department and the dean of the Graduate School. Application materials may be obtained from and should be returned to the office of the director of admissions.

Deadlines are July 1 for the fall semester; December 1 for the winter semester; and May 1 for the summer term.

Degree Requirements
Beyond the general requirements of the Graduate School, the department requires a minimum of 27 semester hours of course work, of which 18 hours must be at the 6400 level and 12 hours must be in core courses in political science, including:

6401, Introduction to Policy Research and three of the following political science courses: 6410, Introduction to Policy Analysis 6420, Proseminar in Public Law 6430, Proseminar in American Politics 6440, Proseminar in Public Policy Administration 6450, Proseminar in Comparative Politics 6460, Proseminar in Political Theory 6470, Proseminar in Urban Politics 6480, Proseminar in International Relations

Students can plan their degree program to reflect the following six emphasis areas:
American Politics
Comparative Politics
International Politics
Political Process and Behavior
Public Administration and Public Policy
Urban and Regional Politics

Students must also select one of the following exit projects: a six-hour thesis, a six-hour internship, or six hours of additional course work and an approved paper. Students will have a mid-program review at the end of 12-15 hours of course work, at which time they will discuss their academic performance and program with a faculty committee and determine the most appropriate exit project. Each candidate is given a final oral review conducted by a faculty committee and focused on the course work completed and the student's chosen exit project.

Ph.D. in Political Science
The doctoral program emphasizes theoretical, analytic, and substantive approaches to public policy analysis and administration. Students are provided an opportunity to link core skills in policy analysis and political science with substantive emphasis in specific policy areas. The program is designed to prepare pre-career and mid-career students for advanced positions in policy research and administration, as well as for academic research and teaching.

Admission Requirements Admission and financial aid decisions are made on the basis of past academic record, intellectual ability, and career commitment and performance. Applications are accepted from students who have either baccalaureate or master's degrees. Past graduate work will be credited toward degree requirements as appropriate. Applicants must submit a) complete academic transcripts, b) three letters of recommendation, c) aptitude tests of the GRE and d) a statement of objectives for the course of study. Application materials may be obtained from and should be returned to the office of the director of admissions. Applications for fall semester should be submitted by February 15 and for winter semester by October 15.

Graduate Assistantships Stipends for teaching and research assistantships (nine month/20 hours per week) are awarded on a competitive basis. Out-of-state educational fees are waived for graduate assistants.

Degree Requirements
The department requires 60 credit hours beyond the baccalaureate degree for completion of the Ph.D. To ensure sufficient background for doctoral-level policy courses, students must demonstrate appropriate competence in computing and intermediate economics during their course of study. Course requirements are as follows:

Core courses (24 credit hours)
24 credit hours will be required in the areas of research methods, normative and empirical theory, and policy process and institutions. Contact the department for specific courses.
Additional Requirements (12 credit hours)
In addition, students will select a minimum of 12 credit hours in public policy, theory, or process.

Policy Concentration (15 credit hours)
Students, in consultation with the program director, will develop expertise in a substantive policy area. Policy concentrations (many interdisciplinary) include:
American National Policy
Urban Politics and Planning
Comparative/International Policy
Policy Analysis and Research Social Welfare

Internship (6 credit hours) optional.
The Ph.D. intern program offers an opportunity to gain first-hand experience in select research and administrative positions.

General Examination and Dissertation
Upon completion of course work, students are advanced to candidacy by successfully completing two general examinations, the first covering the fields of public policy institutions, processes, and analysis, and the second covering the student's chosen subfield and area of policy concentration. The degree is awarded upon completion and defense of the Ph.D. dissertation.

Career Outlook

Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Master of Arts in Political Science
Political science graduates have done well in obtaining appropriate employment and in pursuing graduate education. Majors develop communications and decision-making skills, learn to analyze complex policy issues, both domestic and international in scope, and have a thorough understanding of government and politics. Political science is a particularly good undergraduate major for pre-law students. Many other majors pursue graduate education in business, education, public administration, public policy administration, journalism, public relations, non-profit organizations, and many other fields. Guides to careers in political science are available in the department office.

Ph.D. in Political Science
The Ph.D. in political science prepares students for three career areas: 1) government leadership and management positions at the local, state, and federal levels (both for new employees and in-service employees); 2) careers in the private sector, particularly positions in public affairs, policy research, and governmental relations departments of corporations, as well as consulting firms and nonprofit organizations; and 3) research and teaching careers in academic institutions.

Requests for further information about the M.A. or Ph.D. program should be sent to the Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd, 347 SSB, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499.

1100 Introduction to American Politics (3) [V, SS, ST]
Introduction to basic concepts of government and politics with special reference to the United States , but including comparative material from other systems.

1200 Foundations of Law: An Introduction to Legal Studies (3) [MI, V, SS]
Same as CCJ 1200 and Interdisciplinary 1200. As a broad liberal arts approach to the study of law, this course is designed to familiarize students with legal ideas, legal reasoning, and legal processes. It also provides comparative and historical perspectives on law that will help explain legal diversity and legal change. Finally, it offers opportunities to explore some of the persistent issues in law and legal theory: for example, issues about the sources of law, the responsibilities of the legal profession, or the relative merits of the adversary system.

1450 Introduction to Labor Studies (3) [MI, SS]
Same as Interdisciplinary 1450. This course covers many topics important to the role of unions in the American political system and American society from a labor perspective. Topics include the role of workers in current and future times, unions' institutional structure, collective bargaining strategies and obstacles for union organizing, recent union campaigns, labor's political role, and the relationship between labor and the media.

1500 Introduction to Comparative Politics (3) [MI,V, SS, CD]
This course introduces students to western and non-western systems. It examines similarities and differences in the basic political ideologies, structures , economies, social institutions and governmental processes of developed and developing countries. It also provides frameworks for understanding the cultures of the world that are the basis for formal economic and political institutions. In addition, the course examines the role of non-state institutions, including trans-national ones, in shaping national policies. It uses case studies from Africa, Asia, Latin America, as well as Europe , to enhance student understanding of comparative politics.

1550 Women and Politics in the Developing World (3) [MI, V, SS, CD]
Women play a central role in the transformation of political, economic, cultural and gender relations in developing nations. This course examines the political role of women in these transformations. In particular, the course examines ways that modernity, universal education, the market economy and globalization have widened the scope of women's public activities; the emergence of social movements driven by the transformation of economic and political roles brought about by the inclusion of women in the political arena; the re-interpretation of religious doctrines, especially those that emphasize women's "return" to the private sphere and legitimate the denial of women's political rights.

1600 Contemporary Political Ideologies (3)
An introduction to the major political ideologies of the world today. Emphasis is placed on democracy, feminism, Marxism, and nationalism.

1800 World Politics (3)
An introduction to the field of international relations, covering such topics as nationalism, power, foreign policy-making, diplomacy, war, arms control and disarmament, interdependence, the regulation of conflict, and other aspects of politics among nations.

1820 Global Issues (3) [MI, SS]
A freshman- and sophomore-level course designed to introduce students to a range of global concerns, including population, hunger, trade, energy, and the environment. The worldwide implications of these and other problems will be considered, as well as their effects on local communities such as St. Louis.

1850 Global Ecology (3) [V, SS]
Must be taken concurrently with Biol 1850 for three hours of biology credit and three hours of political science credit. A course team-taught by the Biology and Political Science departments, combining natural science and social science perspectives in taking a global view of a variety of environmental concerns, such as air and water pollution, climate change, energy use, use and conservation of natural resources, human population ecology and other issues. Examines the underlying scientific dimension, as well as the political-economic-social aspects of problem-solving at local, national and international levels. Features labs and field trips in addition to lecture and discussion.

1990 The City (3) [MI, V, SS]Same as Sociol 1999. An interdisciplinary course. Consideration of economic factors, urban institutions, historical developments in urbanization, problems of the inner city, suburbia and the metropolitan area, ethnic groups, stratification, and Psychological implications of urban living. This course is primarily for freshmen and sophomores. It is open to juniors and seniors with the instructor's permission.

2000 Political Analysis (3)
An introduction to political analysis, emphasizing both the logic of inquiry and practical methods. Students learn about the construction and evaluation of theories that relate to real-world politics. They also have an opportunity for hands-on experience with qualitative and quantitative methods including graphics, descriptive statistics, cross-tabular and correlational analysis, hypothesis testing, and computer applications.

2260 Law and the Individual (3) [ST]
Same as CCJ 2226. Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1200, or consent of instructor. An examination of the formal and informal aspects and processes of the American judicial system and its effect on the individual. The course will cover criminal and civil law, public and private law, state and federal courts, and the processes by which disputes are transformed into legal actions. Topics include judicial selection and recruitment, plea-bargaining, the impact and implementation of judicial decisions, the examination of a number of substantive areas of law like contracts and torts, and the role of courts in policymaking and dispute resolution.

2280 Judicial Politics and Policy (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or 1200, or consent of instructor. This course is an examination of the American state and federal legal systems. Topics examined in this course include an analysis of the structure, organization and function of courts. Emphasis will be placed on the role of juries, judges, attorneys, litigants, and interest groups in the judicial system. The objective of the course is to evaluate courts as political institutions and analyze the policy-making role of judges.

2290 Women and the Law (3) [ST]
Legal position of women in the United States , emphasizing constitutional law, criminal law, domestic relations, and fair employment practice laws.

2300 State Politics (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. An examination of contemporary state politics in the United States; social, economic, and political determinants of policies; federal-state-local relations; elections, interest groups, and participation; executive, legislative, and judicial institutions and policies, and their impact

2320 African Americans and the Political System (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. Examination of the status of African Americans in the context of the American political system. The course will focus on a number of issues, including: attitudes of various publics toward racial concerns; nature of problems in specific policy areas (e.g., unemployment, school desegregation, housing, poverty); representation of African Americans in governmental institutions and the private sector; and the role of African American leadership and civil rights groups in the political process.

2350 Introduction to Urban Politics (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. Examination of structure and process of politics in the urban community, with emphasis on their relationships to community power structures

2380 Women in U.S. Politics (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. This course focuses on the relationship between gender and organized politics in the United States. Topics to be addressed include the historical development of women's activism in politics, women as political candidates and elected officials, women's organizations in American politics, women and public policy, women's rights and issues, and women and political leadership. Throughout the class, emphasis will be placed not only on examining the role of women in politics, but also on understanding the role of gender in the construction and evaluation of political institutions, practices and public policies in the United States.

2400 Public Administration (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. Survey of public administration, with reference to organization, financial administration, personnel management, and judicial control of the administrative process.

2420 Introduction to Public Policy (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. Study of differing approaches to understanding the public policy process. Course surveys the application of social science to public issues and problems.

2500 Comparing Different Worlds (3)
This course focuses on the role of political institutions, economic structures and social groups in explaining differences in forms of government and levels of socioeconomic development. It explores in detail one or more of these themes in cases drawn from developing and developed nations.

2510 Comparative Politics of Europe (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1500 or consent of instructor. Introduction to the major political systems of Europe. The course will emphasize political culture, political parties, interest groups, and political behavior. It will also focus on political institutions and policy making. While individual countries will be examined separately, the course will also emphasize comparison between systems.

2520 Middle Eastern Politics (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1500, or consent of instructor. Survey of political movements, governments, and international conflicts in the Middle East. Islam, nationalism, ideologies, and economic systems will be studied. The effects of oil and the military will also be considered.

2530 Political Systems of South America (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1500 or consent of instructor. An introduction to the study of the political systems of South America. Examination of the cultural context that has shaped the political, economic, and social development of states in the region.

2540 Political Systems of Mexico , Central America, and the Caribbean (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1500 or consent of instructor. An introduction to the study of the political systems of Mexico , Central America, and the Caribbean. Examination of the cultural context that has shaped the political, economic, and social development of these countries.

2550 East Asian Politics (3) [CD]
An introduction to the study of the Chinese and Japanese political systems. Examination of the cultural context that has shaped the path of political development for both states.

2560 Russia and the New Republics (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1500 or consent of instructor. Examination of political-economic conditions responsible for the creation, collapse, and reconstruction of the former Soviet Union , with emphasis on new elites and interest groups, problems of democratic transition, ethnic conflict and socio-economic reform.

2580 African Politics (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1500 or consent of instructor. An introduction to the nature of societies, governments, and international relations in Africa. The course deals with forms of governance on the continent, regional groupings of states, and persistent conflicts within and among states. Problems of economic underdevelopment, food supplies, health and population trends, and cultural change are analyzed, along with the role of outside major power intervention.

2610 Ancient and Medieval Political Thought (3)
Study of political thought from Plato to Machiavelli.

2620 Modern Political Thought (3)
Study of political thought from Machiavelli to the present.

2650 American Political Thought (3)
History of political thought in the United States from colonial times to the present.

2800 Model United Nations (1-3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Students in this course will be members of the UM-St. Louis delegation to the Midwest Model United Nations, a "mock UN" roleplaying experience involving various universities representing UN member countries. Students are expected to develop knowledge about the UN and do research on a selected country and issue area (for example, terrorism or economic development). May be repeated up to a maximum of three credit hours.

2820 United States Foreign Policy (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1500, or consent of instructor. Examination of the factors influencing the formation and the execution of United States foreign policy, with a focus on specific contemporary foreign policy issues.

2900 Studies in Political Science (3)
Selected topics in political science.

3090 American Government for the Secondary Classroom (3)
Prerequisites: Tch Ed 3310 & Pol Sci 1100, graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Sec Ed 3090. Adapts the themes and subject matter of American government to the secondary classroom and trains teachers in techniques particularly designed to maximize the use of primary sources, foster critical inquiry, and encourage knowledge of subject matter. Particular emphasis will be placed on defining the broad and connecting themes of American government, on expanding bibliography, and on choosing methods of inquiry for use in an interactive classroom. Either Hist/Sec Ed 3257 or 3258 or Pol Sci/Sec. Ed. 3209 must be taken the same semester as Hist/Sec Ed 3255 except with special consent of the Social Studies Coordinator. Can be counted towards the Political Science major requirement, but not the American Politics subgroup. Counts towards Social Studies Certification.

3200 Constitutional Law (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1200, or consent of instructor. Study of leading American constitutional principles regarding legislative, executive, and judicial power, federalism, the commerce clause, and economic due process as they have evolved through the important decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court.

3210 Civil Liberties (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1200, or 3200, or consent of instructor. Civil rights in the American constitutional context, emphasizing freedom of religion, freedom of expression, minority discrimination, and the rights of defendants.

3220 Labor Law (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. In this course, participants will examine the role of government in the regulation of labor-management relations in the United States. While the focus of the course will be on federal laws regulating private sector labor relations, parallel issues addressed in the Railway Labor Act and state public sector labor relations law will also be covered. Specific topics include the legal framework for the organization of workers, definition of prohibited or unfair labor practices of employers and unions, legal regulation of the collective bargaining process, regulation of the use of economic weapons in labor disputes, enforcement of collective bargaining agreements and the regulation of internal trade union activities.

3260 The Supreme Court (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or Pol Sci 1200, or consent of instructor. An examination of the role, function and assertion of power by the U.S. Supreme Court in our constitutional democracy. Topics include historical overview of the Supreme Court, the process of selecting Supreme Court Justices, life in the Court, Supreme Court decision make, Supreme Court policymaking, implementation and impact of Court decisions and the role of the Supreme Court as a national policymaker. This course fulfills the state requirement.

3290 Studies in Public Law (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1200, or consent of instructor. Selected topics in public law. May be repeated.

3300 The American Presidency (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. Study of the constitutional, political, legislative, and administrative roles played by the American chief executive in the development of public policy.

3330 Introduction to Political Behavior (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. An introduction to political behavior employing perspectives from both political psychology and political sociology. Subjects include political socialization, the character of public opinion, citizen participation, group dynamics, the social determination of reality, and the underlying bases of leadership and authority.

3331 Congressional Politics (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. An examination of the Congress of the United States , its history and evolution, its contemporary politics, and its role in the national policy-making process. Topics include candidate recruitment, campaigns and elections, representation, committees, legislative leadership, roles and norms, voting alignments, lobbyists and interest groups, oversight of administration, and House-Senate comparisons. The role of Congress in foreign policy, economic policy, and social-welfare policy will be examined.

3340 Politics and the Media (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. An analysis of the role the media play in shaping American political life. The first part of the course examines the organizational structures, the economic and psychic incentives, and the social and professional norms that define how television and newspapers report news about public affairs. The second part then considers the nature of a mass-communications society by looking at how reality is defined, the susceptibility of mass publics to persuasion and propaganda, the peculiar form of media election campaigns, and the manner in which the media link changes the basic character of a citizenry. 3350 Political Parties and Elections (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. An examination of the part played by parties and elections in American politics. Topics include the historical development of the party system, the organization and management of political parties and campaigns, contemporary changes in the nature of electoral politics, and the effects of elections on public policy.

3370 Mock Constitutional Convention (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. An active exercise in political imagination. Students make proposals and bargain with each other to write a constitution for the United States in the 21st century. Students are encouraged to develop new views of what is a desirable society and to gain a richer appreciation of how practical politics are conducted. The course is designed for majors and nonmajors who enjoy political discussion and have a genuine interest in political life. 3390 Studies in American Politics (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. Selected topics in American politics. May be repeated.

3400 Bureaucratic Politics (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: PolSci 1100 or consent of instructor. Examination of the policy-making process within public organizations and the forces influencing the making of bureaucratic policy. Study of the role of the bureaucracy as one of several "actors" in the larger policy process.

3410 Politics of Business Regulation (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. This course will examine the role of governmental decision-making processes in regulatory policy, including congressional politics, presidential initiatives, administrative rulemaking, and society wide constraints. The impact of government regulation and alternative means for accomplishing regulatory goals (e.g., mandatory standards or incentive systems) will also be considered. Bureaucratic incentives and the role of the courts will be emphasized. Selected areas of regulation which may be covered include: equal employment policies, occupational health and safety policies, environmental policies, employment policies, and urban policies.

3420 Public Personnel Management (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 2400, or consent of instructor. A study of personnel practices in the public sector, including recruitment, job development, labor relations, and administration of equal employment/affirmative action programs.

3430 Union Leadership and Administration (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. This course will focus on the roles and challenges of union leadership in a changing environment. Topics will include the union leader's roles as representative, organizer and educator as well as administrative responsibilities within the union and the relationship with enterprise management in both adversarial and participatory situations. Options for leadership style and organizational models will be discussed and explored in both theory and practice. Leaders will develop their skills of motivation, speaking, strategic planning and managing complex campaigns and diverse organizations.

3440 Public Budgeting (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. Budgeting is the study of "who gets what" and who pays for it. This course examines the administration and politics of federal, state, and local government budgets. Students gain experience in interpreting budget documents and making budget choices, using electronic and other resources.

3450 Urban Administration (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. Study of administrative machinery and practices of metropolitan government, how metropolitan areas organize themselves to provide services, how urban policies are made and implemented, how budgeting and personnel recruitment processes operate, and how these relate to urban policies.

3460 The Politics of Poverty and Welfare (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. An examination of the structure of income inequality in the U.S. and public policies designed to redistribute wealth and to treat poverty. The history of welfare programs, the growth of the welfare state, and attempts to cut social spending are closely examined.

3470 Collective Bargaining (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. This course involves a study of collective bargaining processes including contract negotiations, contract administration, and methods for the resolution of bargaining disputes. Both theoretical and applied issues in collective bargaining will be addressed. Specific topics include the economic determination of bargaining power, legal constraints on the bargaining process, negotiations strategies and techniques, and the use of mediation and arbitration in the resolution of bargaining disputes.

3480 Environmental Politics (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of instructor. This course examines the process of environmental policy-making and key environmental issues. Topics include national and international policies toward air and water pollution, energy use, solid and toxic waste disposal, global warming, overpopulation, and wilderness and wildlife conservation.

3490 Studies in Public Administration (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 2400, or consent of instructor. Selected topics in public administration. May be repeated.

3570 Gender, Race and Public Policy (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1500, or consent of instructor. Raises the question as to whether "more women in politics," stemming from diverse economic, racial, ethnic backgrounds and age groups, will necessarily result in better policies for women and men. Compares gendered and racialized impacts of a wide array of public policies (in the areas of education, employment, health care, welfare, and reproductive technologies) across a broad sample of advanced industrial societies. Analyzes the "empowerment" potential of new equality policies being generated at the international and supranational levels (e.g., in the UN and the European Union).

3590 Politics, Leadership and the Global Gender Gap (3)
Prerequisites: Pol Sci 1500 or consent of instructor. Compares women's day-to-day leadership and participation patterns across a wide variety of political-economic contexts, emphasizing their performance as elective and administrative office holders. It examines the experiences of individual female leaders, long-term nomination and recruitment strategies, and the larger political opportunity structure awaiting women beyond the year 2000.

3680 Feminist Political Theory (3)
A study of the history of feminist political thought with an emphasis on contemporary concerns. Issues to be considered include the feminist theories of the state, gender and justice, and equality and difference.

3690 The Marxist Heritage (3)
Same as Phil 3369 and ID 3690. Study of Marx and leading Marxists. Designed to evaluate their influence on recent political, economic, and social thought and institutions.

3695 Studies in Political Theory (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1500, or consent of instructor. Selected topics in political theory. May be repeated.

3830 International Political Economy (3)
Prerequisite: Introduction to international political economy. In particular, it will focus on the politics of international trade, finance, and investment. It will analyze the relationships between developed and developing countries, and it will assess the relative usefulness of alternative frameworks for studying international political economy.

3840 European International Relations (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1500 or consent of instructor. European international relations since World War II. Emphasis upon developments from the Cold War to Détente emphasizing such concepts as containment, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, WTO, community building, force structures, and security.

3850 International Organizations and Global Problem Solving (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100 or 1500, or consent of instructor. Introduction to the study of international organization. The course focuses on relationships between nation-states and "nonstate" actors (e.g., global intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations, and nongovernmental organizations such as multinational corporations) in world politics and on the role of international institutions in such problem areas as economic development, management of resources, and control of violence across national boundaries.

3860 Studies in War and Peace (3)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and Pol Sci 1100, or 1500, or consent of instructor. Exploration, development, and testing of theories about the causes and consequences of war, peace, and conflict among nations. A broad range of literature on war and peace will be reviewed and applied to crisis situations in the international system.

3890 Studies in International Relations (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1500, or consent of instructor. Selected topics in international relations. May be repeated.

3900 Special Readings (1-10)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Independent study through readings, reports, and conferences. May be repeated.

3940 Public Affairs Internship (1-6)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and consent of instructor. Independent study involving work with an appropriate public or private agency. A maximum of 6 credit hours may be earned.

3950 Senior Seminar in Political Science (3)
Prerequisites: Senior standing and consent of instructor. Required of all political science majors in their last year of course work as an integrative capstone experience. Emphasis is on student-faculty interaction in a seminar format designed to engage upper-level students in a critical examination of a broad theme in political science, leading to the production of a major research paper. Topics vary. May be repeated. This course is not available for graduate student credit.

4040 Survey Research Practicum (3)
Same as Econ 4140 and Sociol 4040. Prerequisites: Junior standing and consent of the instructor. The execution of a sample survey, including establishing study objectives, sampling, questionnaire construction, interviewing, coding, data analysis, and presentation of results.

4060 Theory of Decisions and Games (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of Philosophy and junior standing, Pol Sci 6401 (or the equivalent) or consent of instructor. Same as Phil 4465. A study of rational decision making, including games against nature, zero-sum games and social choices. Topics will include the following: expected utility maximization, the Prisoner's Dilemna, Nash equilibria, and Arrow's theorem on the impossibility of a social welfare function. Parts of the course are technical in nature; a prior course in mathematics (e.g., finite mathematics, calculus, statistics or an economics course with a mathematical component), symbolic logic, or some other course with comparable mathematical content.

4080 Program Evaluation (3)
Prerequisites: Pol Sci 1100, or 2400, and one of the following: BA 3300, Sociol 3200, CCJ 2220, or consent of instructor. Study of techniques and applications for evaluating the impact of public programs.

4180 Social Choice in Political-Economic Systems (3)
Prerequisites: Two courses in Economics, Political Science, or Sociology. A study of the mechanisms of social choice from the standpoint of individuals and institutions maximizing their objectives. This area draws on work done by sociologists, political scientists, and economists.

4460 Urban Planning and Politics (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 2400, or consent of instructor. Examination of the political processes of urban areas as they relate to the planning of services and facilities.

4470 Introduction to Environmental Law and Policy (3)
Prerequisite: Senior or graduate standing or consent of instructor. Survey of the most prominent federal laws governing environmental compliance and pollution control. Examines laws applicable to environmental impact statements, air pollution, water pollution, and hazardous waste. Addresses policy concerning the relative merits of using technological capabilities as compared with health risks in setting environmental standards. Discusses the need for environmental regulation to protect societal resources.

4510 Comparative Public Policy and Administration (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1500 or consent of instructor. A comparative study of the characteristics of public administrators, their institutions and environments in Western democratic, developing nations, and communist political systems.

4550 Democratization in Comparative Perspective (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1500 or consent of instructor. This course explores the meaning of democracy and the nature of transitions to democracy, particularly the processes of political liberalization and democratization that follow the breakdown of authoritarian rule. Cases will be drawn from Latin America and other regions.

4850 International Law (3)
Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1500, or consent of instructor. Study of the international legal system, including the content and operation of the laws of war and peace, how law is created and enforced with regard to the oceans and other parts of the globe, and the relationship between international law and international politics.

4900 Topics in Political Science (3)
Prerequisites: Pol Sci 1100 or consent of Instructor. Selected topics in political science.

4940 Leadership and Management in Nonprofit Organizations (3)
Same as PPA 4940, SW 4940, and Sociol 4940. Prerequisite: Junior standing. Addresses the role and scope of the independent sector in the United States , as well as the leadership and management of nonprofit organizations within that sector. Topics include the economic and political scope of the independent sector, the role of volunteerism in a democratic society, and the role and scope of philanthropy. Topics in voluntary organization management and leadership include the dynamics, functions and membership structure of NPOs, especially staff-board and other volunteer relations; governance and management of NPOs; resource mobilization; and program development management and evaluation.

4960 American Philanthropy and Nonprofit Resources Development (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Same as SW 4960 and PPA4960. This course addresses the history, philosophy, roles and scope of philanthropy in the United States , including its role in the nonprofit, voluntary sector. It further examines the contemporary forces which impact philanthropy and charitable giving, both by institutions and individuals. The course examines the effective planning and management of development programs (e.g., annual giving), fund raising vehicles (e.g., mail solicitations) and the fund raising process, from planning through donor relations.

6400 Analytic Perspectives in Political Science (3)
An introduction to the graduate study of political science. The course presents a number of analytic approaches to the scientific examination of a wide variety of political phenomena.

6401 Introduction to Policy Research (3)
Same as PPA 6010. Procedures for testing explanations, including research design, principles of measurement, probability sampling, methods of data collection, and techniques for analyzing data.

6404 Multi-Method Research Design (3)
Prerequisites: Pol Sci 6403 or consent of instructor. Develops policy research skills that combine qualitative and quantitative social science tools and applies an appropriate mix of these tools to specific policy problems. Topics include alternative approaches to causal analysis, levels of analysis, triangulation from a variety of qualitative and quantitative research techniques, building contextual effects into multiple research projects, techniques for assessing alternative program theories and clarifying implicit assumptions, and meta-analysis of secondary data sources.

6405 Directed Readings in Research Methods (1-10)
Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences.

6414 Topics in Public Policy Analysis (3)
Intensive analysis of a specific public policy area such as housing, budgeting, integration, planning, metropolitan reorganization. Course may be repeated.

6415 Directed Readings and Research in Public Policy (1-10)
Same as PPA 6150. Prerequisite: Consent of Instructor. Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences. May be repeated for credit, provided the subject matter is different.

6416 Family Policy (3)
Prerequisites: SW 5200 or equivalent or consent of instructor and graduate standing. Same as SW 5200 and Sociol 6200. Examines policy development, implementation and impact of social policies on children, youth, and families. International, national, and state policies that affect basic family needs will be the focus, including topics such as economic support, health care, child care and protection, and child and youth development. Intended and unintended consequences of existing policies on the family will be examined as well as future policy directions.

6417 Income and Pension Policy for the Aged (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Ger 6417 and PPA 6170 and SW 6417. (MSW student normally take the social policy foundation course prior to enrolling in this course.) Examination of federal, state, and local policies that affect the economic well-being of the elderly. The development of social security programs and pension programs is explored within historical context. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of current policy problems and proposed solutions.

6418 Social and Economic Development Policy (3)
Prerequisites: SW 5200 or equivalent or consent of instructor and graduate standing. Same as SW 6250. Examines major trends and alternatives in social and economic development policy in state, national, and international perspectives. Students will develop skills in policy analysis and development.

6419 Cases in Public Policy Analysis (3)
Intensive analysis of several public policy cases. Cases will be problem-solving exercises in areas such as personnel management, program financing, budget preparation, and planning.

6420 Proseminar in Public Law (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Study of judicial systems and processes (judges, courts, litigants, and juries) and evaluation of legal policies (compliance, impact, and deterrence).

6421 Seminar in Public Law (3)
Research problems and designs, models and approaches to the study of public law. May be repeated for credit when the subject matter is different.

6422 Law, Courts, and Public Policy (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Analysis of public policies, as represented by laws, court decisions, and agency adjudication, judicial review, discrimination, affirmative action, urban planning, social welfare, intergovernmental relations, environmental law, freedom of information, and privacy concerns will be surveyed. The relationship between courts and the Constitution, courts and legislatures, and courts and the administrative process will be stressed.

6425 Directed Readings and Research in Public Law (1-10)
Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences.

6430 Proseminar in American Politics (3)
Study of individual and group political behavior, including socialization, participation, consensus formation, representation, and legislative and judicial behavior.

6431 Seminar in American Politics (3)
Research problems and design in American political process and behavior. May be repeated for credit when the subject matter is different.

6432 Intergovernmental Relations (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. In the United States , nearly all domestic policy is implemented through an extremely complex intergovernmental system in which the federal government administers grants-in-aid or sets standards for states and localities that administer programs. This course will analyze this policy system by: (1) tracing the origins and evolution of American federalism; (2) analyzing the grants-in-aid system, especially the New Deal; (3) comparing the United States system with federal and unitary policy systems in other industrialized nations.

6433 Elections, Public Opinion, and Public Policy (3 )

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. This course provides an opportunity for graduate students to examine electoral politics and democratic governance. It includes an historical review of the dynamics of the American party system, paying particular attention to the ways that politicians translate social and economic change into the political system. It surveys the scientific community's understanding about mass political behavior, covering such topics as the nature of political beliefs, partisanship, political trust, tolerance, ideology, motives for participation, and so on. Then it gives particular attention to the instruments that seem to shape public opinion - the family, the social peer group, and the mass media. Finally, it presents analyses of the contemporary political system in terms of the links between citizen preferences, electoral outcomes, and the government's provision of public policies.

6435 Directed Readings and Research in American Politics (1-10)
Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences.

6440 Proseminar in Public Administration (3)
Same as PPA 6400. Examination of major approaches to analyzing public policies and their administration. Emphasis is on the effects of administrative organization and procedures on policy decisions and their impacts. Specific topics may include administrative accountability, intergovernmental relations, public-private interaction, implementation processes, bureaucratic expertise, the legal environment of public policy administration, and public service and merit issues.

6441 Seminar in Public Administration (3)
Research problems and design in public administration. May be repeated for credit when the subject matter is different

6442 The Policy Process (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. The course will require a major research project using federal documents and other primary sources of information about the United States policy process. Topics will include the sources of public policy; the policy agenda; policy design, legitimation, and implementation.

6443 Health Care Policy (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as PPA 6430 Ger 6443 and SW 6443. (MSW students will normally take the social policy foundation course before enrolling in this course). Survey course examining current issues in health policy that face the nation. Policies are placed in a historical context to show how issues have been influenced by different political and economic conditions. Secondary consequences and limitations of current trends in health policy are explored.

6444 Seminar in Public Policy and Aging (3)
Same as PPA 6444 and Ger 6444. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. The study of specialized issues and methods related to federal, state, and local policies that affect the elderly. Potential policy areas to be covered include housing, taxation, mental health, transportation, etc. May be repeated for credit, provided the subject matter is different.

6445 Directed Readings and Research in Public Administration (1-10)
Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences.

6446 Selected Topics in Health Care Policy (3)
Same as PPA 6460 and Sociol 6446. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. The study of specialized issues and methods relating to health care policy. May be repeated for credit, provided the subject matter is different.

6447 Seminar in Public Policy (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate Standing. Research seminar aimed at producing a substantial research project in the areas of public policy processes and outcomes. The seminar may focus on specific policy processes such as agenda-setting, policy formulation, or policy adoption, or it may focus on the politics of specific policy areas such as environmental programs, social legislation or regulation. May be repeated for credit when the subject matter is different.

6448 Political Economy and Public Policy (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. This course examines political economy in its contemporary manifestations as public choice and as the study of the ways in which institutional power shapes economic policies and performance. The course explores the origins and major concepts of political economy, the institutions of economic policy-making and economic policies in the U.S. It emphasizes the consequences of budget constraints, inflation, unemployment, and sectoral decline on the design and administration of public programs at all levels of government.

6449 Human Resources in the Public Sector (3)
Prerequisite: PPA 6600 or consent of instructor. Same as SW 6449 and PPA 6490. Presents an overview of personnel and labor relations in the public sector. Particular emphasis placed on issues which are unique to the public sector, such as the merit system, the questions of representative bureaucracy and the constraints of personnel in the nonprofit sector. The topics include personnel reforms in the federal sector, equal employment and affirmative action policies, testing, selection, hiring, comparable worth, job evaluation, and labor relations including grievance arbitration and collective bargaining.

6451 Seminar in Comparative Politics (3)
Research problems and design in comparative politics. May be repeated for credit when the subject matter is different.

6452 Public Policy of Conservation and Sustainable Development (3)
Same as Biol 6250. Prerequisites: Graduate standing in Political Science or Biology and consent of instructor. Prior course in ecology recommended. This course will introduce the student to concepts and techniques for formulating, implementing, and analyzing public policy with an emphasis on environmental concerns, conservation, and sustainable development. The course will be team-taught by a political scientist and a biologist. Course materials will include case studies that demonstrate the special problems of environmental policymaking in developing and developed economies. 6455 Directed Readings and Research in Comparative Politics (1-10)
Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences.

6457 Seminar in East Asian Politics (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Study of concepts and research on the political culture, ideology, groups, political processes and institutions, and policy outcomes in the Chinese and/or Japanese political systems.

6458 Seminar in European Politics (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Study of national political cultures, ideologies, regional security issues, national as well as supranational political institutions, and policy processes in Europe, with emphasis on post Cold-War developments.

6459 Seminar in Latin American Politics (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. This course focuses on the twin issues of economic and political change in Latin America. It explores shifts from open free-market models and provides tools to assess recent transitions from authoritarianism to democracy. Country cases include Mexico , Brazil , Argentina , Chile. Two Central American countries, El Salvador and Nicaragua plus Cuba also will receive attention.

6460 Proseminar in Political Theory (3)
Study of concepts and problems in normative political theory.

6461 Seminar in Political Theory (3)
Research problems and design in political theory. May be repeated for credit when the subject matter is different.

6462 Political Theory and Public Policy (3)
This course covers the ideological and ethical context of public policy and public policy analysis. Special attention is given to the way in which different contexts produce both different public policy and different ways of understanding public policy. Questions addressed include accountability, professionalism, freedom, justice, equality, and, in general, ethical issues faced by both the policy maker and the policy analyst.

6465 Directed Readings and Research in Political Theory (1-10)
Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences.

6470 Proseminar in Urban Politics (3)
Examination of the relationships among the social, economic, and political systems of urban areas. Urban political structure, patterns of influence, political participation, and communication and political change. Special attention to problems of access to and control of urban political systems.

6471 Seminar in Urban Politics (3)
Research problems and design in urban and regional politics. May be repeated for credit when the subject matter is different.

6475 Directed Readings and Research in Urban Politics (1-10)
Independent study through readings, reports, and conferences.

6480 Proseminar in International Relations (3)
Examination of various approaches to the study of international politics and foreign policy, focusing on studies of conflict, decision making, international political economy, and related topics. Included are realist, idealist, and Marxist perspectives.

6481 Seminar in International Relations (3)
Research problems and design in international politics. May be repeated for credit when the subject matter is different.

6482 International Political Economy (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. This course will examine the theoretical and policy issues of international political economy. In particular, it will focus on the politics of international trade, finance and investment. It will also analyze the themes of interdependence, hegemony, and dependency, as well as consider relations between developed and developing countries. Finally, the relative usefulness of liberal, Realist and Marxist approaches to the study of international political economy will be weighed.

6485 Directed Readings and Research in International Relations (1-10)
Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences.

6488 Studies in International Relations (1-6)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Selected topics in international studies. May be repeated for credit provided the topic of the course is different each time.

6490 Strategic and Program Planning for Nonprofit Organizations (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as PPA 6550 and SW 6491. Strategic and program planning enable an organization to concentrate on efforts and set priorities guided by a mission, a vision, and an understanding of its environment. Focus is on preparing a strategic plan and a program plan for a nonprofit organization and analyzing an organization's ability to deliver goods and/or services to its constituents in today's economic, social and political climate.

6494 Thesis Research (1-10)
Arranged.

6495 Internship (1-6)
Independent study involving work with an appropriate public or private agency.