About albuterol-salbutamol

General Info: Uses and Effects

Albuterol contains an active substance called Albuterol Sulfate. It is classified to a group of relatively selective beta-2 bronchodilators.

In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Albuterol has a stronger effect on beta-2 receptors in the lungs and bronchi than Isoprotenerol. Although clinical studies have shown that Albuterol primarily binds to beta-2 receptors in the lungs, it has been proven that this drug also binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors located in the heart. Unfortunately, binding to receptors in the heart mainly leads to the appearance of cardiovascular side effects (such as arrhythmias). These cardiovascular adverse effects can endanger the patient's life, and it is very important that you tell your doctor if you notice palpitations or rapid heart rate.

The exact mechanism by which Albuterol exhibits a bronchodilator effect is known. Binding of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs leads to the activation of these receptors, which further causes an increase in the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. An increase in the concentration of adenosine monophosphate leads to activation of protein kinase A and acceleration of the phosphorylation process of myosin, which results in a decrease in intracellular calcium concentration. Reducing calcium levels in bronchial and lung cells causes relaxation of these organs, making it easier to breathe.

Because of these effects, Albuterol is used for the treatment and prevention of bronchospasm associated with reversible obstructive lung disease in patients over 12 years of age.

Contraindications: Important to Know

Albuterol should not be used in patients who are allergic to Albuterol or other beta-2 agonists. Allergic reactions that may be life-threatening have been reported in patients who have used this medicine.

Clinical studies have shown that the inhalation of Albuterol can lead to the appearance of so-called paradoxical bronchospasm (bronchospasm is a bronchial narrowing that leads to difficulty breathing). Paradoxical bronchospasm may have a fatal outcome and it is necessary to contact a doctor immediately if you notice any signs of difficulty breathing while you are on therapy with this medicine.

The worsening of asthma symptoms in patients using Albuterol was also reported. In these situations, it may be necessary to increase the dose of the drug, and if this does not help, the complete discontinuation of Albuterol should be considered.

It is important to note that a monotherapy with Albuterol is often not sufficient to relieve all symptoms of asthma. Therefore, this medicine is often combined with anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids.

Fatal overdose have been reported with this drug. It is extremely important not to exceed the dose prescribed by your doctor.

Instructions on Taking

Shake well before use.

Remove the cap from the mouthpiece.

Exhale all air through the mouth before inhaling the dose.

Place the mouthpiece in your mouth holding the inhaler upright and close your mouth.

Place your tongue under the mouthpiece.

Press your index finger to release the dose and breathe deeply.

Hold the air for at least 10 seconds.

It is very important to keep the plastic mouthpiece clean. Wash a plastic mouthpiece and dry it in the air at least twice a week. If mouthpiece becomes blocked, the washing will remove this blockage. Inadequate maintenance of the mouthpiece can lead to ineffective delivery of the dose, which can ultimately decrease the drug efficacy.

It is very important to shake the drug well before use. Avoid eye contact as severe eye irritation and visual disturbance may occur. In case of contact with eyes, rinse them with large amounts of lukewarm water.

If you are not sure how to use Albuterol, consult your doctor.

Dosage

The usual dose for the treatment of acute asthma attacks in patients over 12 years of age is two inhalations 4-6 times a day. More frequent application is not recommended. In certain patients, the best effective dose is one inhalation applied every 4 hours.

Side Effects

As previously noted, the use of Albuterol may cause certain cardiovascular side effects, as the drug binds to beta-adrenergic receptors (10 to 50%) that are present in the heart. Binding for these receptors on the heart leads to sympathomimetic effects: increased blood pressure, rapid heart rate, palpitations, and myocardial infarction. It is desirable that the patient is regularly monitored at the beginning of therapy to exclude the possibility of cardiovascular adverse effects, which are most common at the start of the therapy.

If you notice a rapid heart rate, palpitations or chest pain, you must contact your doctor immediately. These side effects can have a fatal outcome!

Albuterol can cause the following adverse effects:

Pulmonary edema;

Headache;

Tachycardia;

Rhinitis;

Dizziness;

Muscle pain;

Snoring;

Insomnia;

Dry mouth;

Allergy.

Tell your doctor if you notice any side effects.

Interactions with Other Drugs

So far, 23 major, 752 moderate and 27 minor interactions have been reported.

Albuterol can enter into major interactions with the following drugs:

Levobunolol - a drug used in the form of eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma. Levobunolol is a beta blocker that can cause bronchial narrowing, which can lead to difficulty breathing and asthma.

Nadolol - a drug used to treat migraine and arrhythmias. The simultaneous administration reduces the efficacy of both drugs.

Timolol eye drops - a concomitant use with this medicine may reduce the effectiveness of Albuterol in the treatment of asthma.

Carvedilol - a drug used to treat cardiac insufficiency. The simultaneous administration with this medicine may reduce the effectiveness of this medicine.

Fingolomide - a drug from the group of immunosuppressives used to treat relapses of multiple sclerosis. The simultaneous administration can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias, which can endanger the patient's life. Patients who take these two drugs simultaneously may experience QT prolongation and electrolyte imbalance.

Propranolol - a drug used to treat hypertension. The simultaneous administration can lead to the exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Mifepristone - a drug used for medical abortion. The simultaneous administration can lead to hypomagnesaemia, hypokalaemia, diarrhea, and arrhythmias.

Ribociclib - a drug used to treat breast cancer metastases. The simultaneous administration with this medicine may lead to arrhythmias.

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