BioPAX pathway converted from "GPR161 is internalized" in the Reactome database.LEFT-TO-RIGHTGPR161 is internalizedThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>GPR161GPR161F1PJX1Reactome DB_ID: 9967554ciliary membraneGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0060170UniProt:F1PJX1GPR161Canis familiarisNCBI Taxonomy9615UniProtF1PJX11EQUAL529EQUALReactome Database ID Release 729967554Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9967554ReactomeR-CFA-56103731Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-CFA-5610373.1Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgGPR161GPR161F1PJX1Reactome DB_ID: 9969296endocytic vesicle membraneGENE ONTOLOGYGO:00306661EQUAL529EQUALReactome Database ID Release 729969296Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9969296ReactomeR-CFA-56350211Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-CFA-5635021.1Reactome Database ID Release 729969298Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9969298ReactomeR-CFA-56351021Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-CFA-5635102.1Hh signaling promotes the removal of the orphan G protein coupled receptor GPR161 from the cilium (Rohatgi et al, 2007). GPR161 is a negative regulator of Hh signaling that is recruited to the cilium through interaction with TULP3 (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2010; Mukhopadhyay et al, 2013). GPR161 thought to act by locally increasing the cAMP levels, promoting PKA activity and thereby favouring the production of the repressor form of the GLI proteins in the absence of Hh ligand. Consistent with this, deletion of GPR161 results in ectopic pathway activation (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2013). The decrease in PKA activity in the cilium after clearance of GPR161 from the ciliary membrane may contribute to the dissociation of the GLI:SUFU complex upon pathway activation, although this remains to formally demonstrated (Humke et al, 2010; Tukachinsky et al, 2010; reviewed in Mukhopadhyay et al, 2014). 20956384Pubmed2010A mechanism for vertebrate Hedgehog signaling: recruitment to cilia and dissociation of SuFu-Gli protein complexesTukachinsky, HannaLopez, Lyle VSalic, AdrianJ. Cell Biol. 191:415-2824845016Pubmed2014G-protein-coupled receptors, Hedgehog signaling and primary ciliaMukhopadhyay, SaikatRohatgi, RajatSemin. Cell Dev. Biol.17641202Pubmed2007Patched1 regulates hedgehog signaling at the primary ciliumRohatgi, RajatMilenkovic, LjiljanaScott, Matthew PScience 317:372-623332756Pubmed2013The ciliary G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr161 negatively regulates the Sonic hedgehog pathway via cAMP signalingMukhopadhyay, SaikatWen, XiaohuiRatti, NavneetLoktev, AlexanderRangell, LindaScales, Suzie JJackson, Peter KCell 152:210-2320360384Pubmed2010The output of Hedgehog signaling is controlled by the dynamic association between Suppressor of Fused and the Gli proteinsHumke, Eric WDorn, Karolin VMilenkovic, LjiljanaScott, Matthew PRohatgi, RajatGenes Dev. 24:670-8220889716Pubmed2010TULP3 bridges the IFT-A complex and membrane phosphoinositides to promote trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors into primary ciliaMukhopadhyay, SaikatWen, XiaohuiChih, BenNelson, Christopher DLane, William SScales, Suzie JJackson, Peter KGenes Dev. 24:2180-93inferred from electronic annotationEVIDENCE CODEECO:0000203