Table B1. Summary Table: Total and Means of Floorspace, Number
of Workers, and Hours of Operation for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003

Number of
Buildings (thousand)

Total
Floorspace (million square feet)

Total
Workers
in All Buildings (thousand)

Mean
Square
Feet per Building (thousand)

Mean
Square
Feet per
Worker

Mean
Hours per Week

All Buildings*................................

4,645

64,783

72,807

13.9

890

61

Building Floorspace

(Square Feet)

1,001 to 5,000
................................

2,552

6,789

9,936

2.7

683

57

5,001 to 10,000
..............................

889

6,585

7,512

7.4

877

61

10,001 to 25,000
............................

738

11,535

10,787

15.6

1,069

67

25,001 to 50,000
............................

241

8,668

8,881

35.9

976

72

50,001 to 100,000
..........................

129

9,057

8,432

70.4

1,074

80

100,001 to 200,000
........................

65

9,064

11,632

138.8

779

89

200,001 to 500,000
........................

25

7,176

6,883

289.0

1,043

100

Over 500,000
.................................

7

5,908

8,744

896.1

676

115

Principal Building
Activity

Education
.......................................

386

9,874

12,489

25.6

791

50

Food Sales
.....................................

226

1,255

1,430

5.6

877

107

Food Service
.................................

297

1,654

3,129

5.6

528

86

Health Care
....................................

129

3,163

6,317

24.6

501

59

Inpatient .......................................

8

1,905

3,716

241.4

513

168

Outpatient ....................................

121

1,258

2,600

10.4

484

52

Lodging
..........................................

142

5,096

2,457

35.8

2,074

167

Retail (Other Than
Mall)..................

443

4,317

3,463

9.7

1,246

59

Office
.............................................

824

12,208

28,154

14.8

434

55

Public Assembly
............................

277

3,939

2,395

14.2

1,645

50

Public Order and Safety
................

71

1,090

1,347

15.5

809

103

Religious Worship
..........................

370

3,754

1,706

10.1

2,200

32

Service
..........................................

622

4,050

3,667

6.5

1,105

55

Warehouse and Storage ...............

597

10,078

4,369

16.9

2,306

66

Other
..............................................

79

1,738

1,819

21.9

956

63

Vacant
...........................................

182

2,567

Q

14.1

Q

Q

Year Constructed

Before 1920
...................................

330

3,769

3,045

11.4

1,238

48

1920 to 1945
..................................

527

6,871

6,122

13.0

1,122

51

1946 to 1959
..................................

562

7,045

6,646

12.5

1,060

52

1960 to 1969
..................................

579

8,101

8,708

14.0

930

63

1970 to 1979
..................................

731

10,772

12,597

14.7

855

65

1980 to 1989
..................................

707

10,332

15,032

14.6

687

62

1990 to 1999
..................................

876

12,360

16,181

14.1

764

71

2000 to 2003
..................................

334

5,533

4,476

16.6

1,236

68

Census Region and
Division

Northeast
.......................................

726

12,905

14,908

17.8

866

67

New England ...............................

233

2,964

3,155

12.7

939

71

Middle Atlantic ..............................

493

9,941

11,752

20.1

846

65

Midwest
.........................................

1,266

17,080

16,373

13.5

1,043

59

East North Central ........................

696

11,595

11,489

16.7

1,009

61

West North Central ......................

571

5,485

4,883

9.6

1,123

58

South
.............................................

1,775

23,489

27,078

13.2

867

60

South Atlantic ..............................

874

12,258

16,757

14.0

732

60

East South Central .......................

348

3,393

3,060

9.8

1,109

61

West South Central ......................

553

7,837

7,261

14.2

1,079

60

West
..............................................

878

11,310

14,448

12.9

783

62

Mountain ......................................

299

3,675

4,281

12.3

858

64

Pacific ..........................................

580

7,635

10,168

13.2

751

61

Climate Zone:
30-Year Average

Under 2,000 CDD and --

More than 7,000 HDD ...................

855

10,622

10,305

12.4

1,031

60

5,500-7,000 HDD .........................

1,173

17,335

17,340

14.8

1,000

63

4,000-5,499 HDD .........................

673

11,504

14,007

17.1

821

66

Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................

1,276

15,739

17,178

12.3

916

57

2,000 CDD or More and --

Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................

669

9,584

13,978

14.3

686

62

Number of Floors

One
................................................

3,136

25,981

23,710

8.3

1,096

60

Two
...............................................

1,031

16,270

16,170

15.8

1,006

62

Three
.............................................

339

7,501

7,966

22.1

942

63

Four to Nine
...................................

128

10,085

15,910

78.7

634

87

Ten or More
...................................

12

4,947

9,051

420.0

547

112

Elevators and Escalators

(more than one may
apply)

Any Elevators
................................

309

24,617

36,562

79.7

673

78

Number of Elevators

One ..............................................

208

8,221

9,079

39.5

905

67

Two to Five ..................................

88

10,129

15,894

115.1

637

98

Six or More ..................................

13

6,268

11,589

491.5

541

115

Any Escalators
..............................

6

2,350

4,048

388.7

580

84

Number of
Workers (main shift)

Fewer than 5
.................................

2,653

15,492

4,633

5.8

3,344

56

5 to 9
..............................................

778

6,166

5,080

7.9

1,214

63

10 to 19
..........................................

563

7,803

7,305

13.9

1,068

66

20 to 49
..........................................

398

10,989

11,780

27.6

933

73

50 to 99
..........................................

147

7,934

9,545

53.8

831

75

100 to 249
......................................

77

6,871

11,093

89.7

619

90

250 or More
...................................

30

9,528

23,371

320.4

408

99

Weekly Operating Hours

Fewer than 40
...............................

1,002

6,863

3,293

6.9

2,084

13

40 to 48
..........................................

1,117

11,622

13,765

10.4

844

42

49 to 60
..........................................

1,062

15,723

19,146

14.8

821

54

61 to 84
..........................................

591

10,334

11,630

17.5

889

74

85 to 167
........................................

400

7,092

10,473

17.7

677

107

Open Continuously
........................

475

13,149

14,499

27.7

907

168

Ownership and Occupancy

Nongovernment Owned ................

4,011

49,421

53,339

12.3

927

62

Owner Occupied .........................

1,841

23,591

27,111

12.8

870

60

Nonowner Occupied ...................

2,029

23,914

26,228

11.8

912

69

Unoccupied ..................................

141

1,916

N

13.6

N

0

Government Owned
......................

635

15,363

19,468

24.2

789

55

Federal .........................................

46

1,956

2,432

42.9

804

66

State ............................................

164

3,808

7,204

23.2

529

57

Local ............................................

425

9,599

9,832

22.6

976

53

Vacancy Status

Completely Vacant
.........................

157

2,161

N

13.8

N

0

Mostly Vacant
................................

25

406

Q

16.1

Q

49

Partially Vacant
..............................

548

12,382

16,997

22.6

729

67

Not At All Vacant
...........................

3,915

49,834

55,746

12.7

894

63

Number of Establishments

One
................................................

3,754

45,144

44,071

12.0

1,024

64

2 to 5
..............................................

643

10,960

13,001

17.1

843

61

6 to 10
............................................

55

1,958

Q

35.7

303

68

11 to 20
..........................................

23

1,951

3,342

85.7

584

66

More than 20
..................................

14

2,609

5,930

181.1

440

71

Currently Unoccupied
....................

157

2,161

N

13.8

N

0

Predominant Exterior

Wall Material

Brick, Stone or Stucco
...................

2,044

32,817

36,770

16.1

892

63

Concrete (Block or Poured) ...........

786

10,832

10,463

13.8

1,035

61

Concrete Panels
............................

131

6,559

10,891

50.2

602

67

Siding or Shingles
..........................

779

4,120

4,567

5.3

902

58

Metal Panels
...................................

825

7,912

6,235

9.6

1,269

59

Window Glass
...............................

17

1,024

1,910

60.1

536

78

Other
..............................................

47

1,113

1,541

23.8

722

62

No One Major Type
........................

18

406

430

22.9

945

53

Predominant Roof
Material

Built-Up
..........................................

1,036

21,170

25,828

20.4

820

63

Shingles (Not Wood)
......................

1,325

10,195

10,462

7.7

974

59

Metal Surfacing
..............................

1,288

11,944

8,461

9.3

1,412

58

Synthetic or Rubber
.......................

511

14,730

20,783

28.8

709

70

Slate or Tile
....................................

263

2,462

3,021

9.4

815

60

Wooden Materials
..........................

122

887

973

7.3

912

60

Concrete
........................................

61

2,231

1,958

36.7

1,139

68

Other
..............................................

16

598

652

38.1

917

62

No One Major Type
........................

25

565

669

22.7

844

84

Renovations in Buildings

Constructed Before 1980

(more than one may
apply)

Any Type of Renovation

Since 1980
....................................

1,018

17,844

20,481

17.5

871

61

Addition or Annex .......................

256

6,551

6,668

25.6

982

68

Reduction In Floorspace .............

22

1,012

1,078

46.1

939

78

Cosmetic Improvements ..............

741

13,119

15,890

17.7

826

62

Wall or Roof Replacement ..........

370

8,070

10,121

21.8

797

60

Interior Wall

Re-Configuration ........................

411

8,518

11,188

20.7

761

65

HVAC Equipment Upgrade ..........

442

10,768

13,849

24.4

778

64

Lighting Upgrade .........................

455

10,275

12,452

22.6

825

62

Window Replacement .................

310

6,354

7,462

20.5

851

63

Plumbing System Upgrade ..........

315

7,144

8,764

22.7

815

68

Insulation Upgrade ......................

227

4,015

5,019

17.7

800

56

Other Renovation ........................

19

523

476

27.3

1,097

75

No Renovations Since 1980 ..........

1,710

18,714

16,637

10.9

1,125

55

Building Newer than 1980 .............

1,917

28,225

35,689

14.7

791

67

Energy Sources (more
than

one may apply)

Electricity
.......................................

4,404

63,307

72,708

14.4

871

62

Natural Gas
....................................

2,391

43,468

51,956

18.2

837

65

Fuel Oil
...........................................

451

15,157

19,625

33.6

772

68

District Heat
...................................

67

5,443

10,190

81.4

534

79

District Chilled Water
......................

33

2,853

7,189

86.7

397

79

Propane
.........................................

502

7,076

5,858

14.1

1,208

60

Wood
.............................................

62

289

262

4.6

1,105

46

Coal
................................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Solar
..............................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Other
..............................................

61

909

1,190

15.0

764

64

Space-Heating Energy
Sources

(more than one may
apply)

Electricity
.......................................

1,766

28,600

33,903

16.2

844

66

Natural Gas
....................................

2,165

36,959

40,933

17.1

903

62

Fuel Oil
...........................................

360

5,988

5,386

16.6

1,112

58

District Heat
...................................

65

5,198

9,939

79.7

523

78

Propane
.........................................

372

3,204

3,002

8.6

1,067

55

Wood
.............................................

59

261

191

4.4

1,367

45

Coal
................................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Solar
..............................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Other
..............................................

41

475

527

11.6

901

61

Primary Space-Heating

Energy Source

Electricity
.......................................

1,258

15,996

19,392

12.7

825

65

Natural Gas
....................................

1,999

32,970

36,773

16.5

897

61

Fuel Oil
...........................................

282

3,818

2,669

13.5

1,430

58

District Heat
...................................

63

4,907

9,729

77.4

504

77

Propane
.........................................

308

1,955

1,915

6.4

1,021

53

Wood
.............................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Coal
................................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Solar...............................................

N

N

N

N

N

N

Other
..............................................

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Cooling Energy Sources

(more than one may
apply)

Electricity
.......................................

3,589

54,321

63,221

15.1

859

64

Natural Gas
....................................

17

1,018

1,342

58.9

759

72

District Chilled Water
......................

33

2,853

7,189

86.7

397

79

Water-Heating Energy
Sources

(more than one may
apply)

Electricity
.......................................

1,910

27,490

32,638

14.4

842

59

Natural Gas
....................................

1,445

28,820

35,740

19.9

806

70

Fuel Oil
...........................................

94

1,880

2,036

19.9

923

81

District Heat
...................................

27

3,088

4,193

113.1

736

95

Propane
.........................................

128

1,422

1,527

11.1

931

80

Cooking Energy Sources

(more than one may
apply)

Electricity
.......................................

410

13,161

16,034

32.1

821

81

Natural Gas
....................................

457

15,438

19,011

33.8

812

85

Propane
.........................................

108

1,460

1,866

13.6

782

77

Energy End Uses (more
than

one may apply)

Buildings with Space Heating ........

3,982

60,028

70,778

15.1

848

61

Buildings with Cooling
....................

3,625

56,940

70,153

15.7

812

64

Buildings with Water Heating .........

3,472

56,478

69,224

16.3

816

65

Buildings with Cooking
...................

801

22,237

27,242

27.8

816

81

Buildings with Manufacturing ........

119

3,138

2,879

26.5

1,090

54

Buildings with
Electricity.................

Generation
....................................

149

12,821

19,273

85.9

665

99

Percent of Floorspace
Heated

Not Heated
.....................................

663

4,756

2,029

7.2

2,344

60

1 to 50
............................................

523

6,850

4,135

13.1

1,656

56

51 to 99
..........................................

498

8,107

9,618

16.3

843

64

100
.................................................

2,962

45,071

57,024

15.2

790

62

Percent of Floorspace
Cooled

Not Cooled
.....................................

1,020

7,843

2,654

7.7

2,956

52

1 to 50
............................................

985

16,598

11,094

16.8

1,496

60

51 to 99
..........................................

629

13,211

16,510

21.0

800

70

100
.................................................

2,011

27,132

42,549

13.5

638

63

Percent Lit When Open

Zero
...............................................

47

293

Q

6.3

Q

115

1 to 50
............................................

929

10,203

4,414

11.0

2,312

64

51 to 99
..........................................

1,108

18,288

26,635

16.5

687

60

100
.................................................

2,176

32,789

41,552

15.1

789

64

Building Never Open/

Electricity Not Used .......................

386

3,210

111

8.3

28,892

34

Percent Lit When Closed

Zero
...............................................

1,964

17,385

18,080

8.9

962

42

1 to 50
............................................

1,882

30,948

37,362

16.4

828

58

51 to 100
........................................

136

2,093

2,777

15.4

754

59

Building Never Closed/

Electricity Not Used .......................

664

14,357

14,588

21.6

984

127

Heating Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Heat Pumps
....................................

476

8,814

10,754

18.5

820

64

Packaged Heat Pumps .................

278

5,442

7,472

19.6

728

64

Split-System Heat Pumps .............

166

2,581

2,769

15.5

932

61

Individual Room Heat Pumps ........

58

2,691

2,979

46.5

903

84

Furnaces
.......................................

1,864

19,615

18,616

10.5

1,054

57

Individual Space Heaters
...............

819

12,545

12,878

15.3

974

61

District Heat
...................................

65

5,166

9,838

79.7

525

78

Boilers
............................................

579

20,423

23,472

35.3

870

70

Packaged Heating Units
.................

953

18,021

22,588

18.9

798

69

Other
..............................................

205

3,262

3,475

15.9

939

63

Cooling Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Residential-Type Central

Air Conditioners
............................

1,006

11,035

11,438

11.0

965

57

Heat Pumps
....................................

492

9,041

10,961

18.4

825

63

Packaged Heat Pumps .................

288

5,426

7,489

18.9

725

62

Split-System Heat Pumps .............

174

2,606

2,764

15.0

943

60

Individual Room Heat Pumps ........

58

2,940

3,262

50.7

901

84

Individual Air Conditioners
.............

742

12,558

11,477

16.9

1,094

66

District Chilled Water
......................

33

2,853

7,189

86.7

397

79

Central Chillers
...............................

111

11,636

17,545

105.1

663

81

Packaged Air
Conditioning

Units
..............................................

1,613

29,969

35,810

18.6

837

69

Swamp Coolers
.............................

122

1,561

1,655

12.8

943

71

Other
..............................................

40

1,232

1,682

31.1

732

75

Main Equipment
Replaced Since

1990 (more
than one may apply)

Heating
...........................................

1,197

16,403

16,978

13.7

966

61

Cooling
...........................................

1,356

20,995

24,553

15.5

855

64

Water Heating Equipment

Centralized System
........................

2,513

34,671

39,948

13.8

868

66

Distributed System
.........................

785

11,540

11,842

14.7

974

57

Combination of
Centralized

and Distributed System .................

175

10,267

17,434

58.8

589

79

Lighting Equipment Types

(more than one may
apply)

Incandescent
.................................

2,184

38,528

48,802

17.6

789

66

Standard Fluorescent
....................

3,943

59,688

70,943

15.1

841

62

Compact Fluorescent
.....................

941

27,571

36,563

29.3

754

73

High Intensity Discharge
................

455

20,643

26,080

45.4

792

71

Halogen
..........................................

565

17,703

22,892

31.3

773

71

Other
..............................................

8

269

604

31.7

445

111

Refrigeration Equipment

(more than one may apply)a

Any
Refrigeration...........................

3,176

52,974

65,564

16.7

808

66

Commercial Refrigeration .............

1,007

26,768

32,287

26.6

829

86

Walk-In Units ..............................

666

20,254

25,289

30.4

801

93

Cases or Cabinets .....................

825

20,424

25,417

24.8

804

87

Residential-Type Units .................

2,370

38,884

47,846

16.4

813

60

Vending Machines .......................

996

35,335

45,904

35.5

770

78

No Refrigeration
.............................

1,469

11,809

7,243

8.0

1,630

51

Office Equipment (more

than one may apply)

Computers
.....................................

3,081

55,627

69,046

18.1

806

65

With Flat Screen Monitors ............

877

26,417

42,188

30.1

626

68

Dedicated Servers
.........................

1,175

36,338

52,509

30.9

692

68

Laser Printers
................................

1,970

33,012

40,085

16.8

824

64

Inkjet Printers
.................................

1,420

32,210

43,906

22.7

734

67

FAX Machines
...............................

2,715

52,373

66,994

19.3

782

66

Photocopiers
..................................

1,939

46,257

61,340

23.9

754

63

Number of Computers

None
..............................................

1,565

9,156

3,761

5.9

2,435

54

1 to 4
..............................................

1,670

12,395

8,684

7.4

1,427

63

5 to 9
..............................................

559

7,179

6,010

12.8

1,195

63

10 to 19
..........................................

370

6,610

6,847

17.9

965

65

20 to 49
..........................................

255

7,414

9,387

29.1

790

70

50 to 99
..........................................

110

5,376

6,937

48.9

775

69

100 to 249
......................................

79

6,690

8,865

84.3

755

71

250 or More
...................................

38

9,963

22,316

264.3

446

89

Number of Dedicated
Servers

None
..............................................

3,471

28,445

20,298

8.2

1,401

59

1 to 4
..............................................

1,060

24,116

26,711

22.8

903

67

5 to 9
..............................................

58

3,864

6,045

67.0

639

83

10 to 19
..........................................

30

3,027

8,615

100.1

351

84

20 to 49
..........................................

17

2,583

4,793

150.0

539

77

50 or More
.....................................

10

2,748

6,345

276.6

433

87

Number of Photocopiers

None
..............................................

2,706

18,526

11,467

6.8

1,616

60

One
................................................

1,250

15,475

12,549

12.4

1,233

60

2 to 4
..............................................

549

15,082

17,284

27.5

873

65

5 to 9
..............................................

85

5,515

10,674

64.7

517

83

10 or More
.....................................

54

10,185

20,833

187.2

489

80

Energy-Related
Space Functions

(more than one may
apply)

Commercial Food Preparation ........

799

22,223

27,242

27.8

816

81

Activities with Large

Amounts of Hot Water ..................

567

19,482

21,756

34.4

895

93

Separate Computer Area ...............

553

26,873

37,820

48.6

711

68

HVAC Conservation
Features

(more than one may
apply)

Variable Air-Volume System .........

466

19,597

30,768

42.1

637

71

Economizer Cycle
..........................

508

21,108

32,317

41.5

653

76

HVAC Maintenance
.......................

2,581

51,163

63,597

19.8

804

66

Energy Management and

Control System (EMCS) ................

252

15,630

21,642

62.0

722

69

Window and Interior
Lighting

Features (more than one

may apply)

Multipaned Windows
.....................

2,201

38,910

43,977

17.7

885

65

Tinted Window Glass
....................

1,323

29,887

40,426

22.6

739

63

Reflective Window Glass ..............

308

8,544

12,301

27.8

695

65

External Overhangs

or Awnings
...................................

1,233

17,242

22,365

14.0

771

66

Skylights or Atriums
.......................

331

12,546

14,163

37.9

886

70

Daylighting Sensors
.......................

74

2,868

3,775

38.7

760

80

Specular Reflectors
.......................

928

26,118

33,030

28.2

791

65

Electronic Ballasts
.........................

2,577

46,882

59,003

18.2

795

65

Energy Management and

Control System (EMCS)

for Lighting
....................................

60

4,781

7,098

80.1

674

81

Equipment Usage Reduced

When Building Not In
Full Use

(more than one may apply)a

Heating
...........................................

2,878

42,722

49,300

14.8

867

56

Cooling
...........................................

2,761

43,205

53,990

15.6

800

59

Lighting
..........................................

3,685

46,987

56,421

12.7

833

52

Office Equipment
...........................

1,504

19,397

20,147

12.9

963

51

See "Guide to the Tables" or "Glossary" for
further explanations of the terms used in this table. Both can be accessed
from the CBECS web site - http://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/.* Figures in this table do not
include enclosed malls and strip malls. Mall buildings add an estimated 213
thousand buildings comprising 6.9 billion square feet.a The
definition for one or more of these row items has changed and may not be
directly comparable with past CBECS estimates. See "Guide to the
Tables" for discussion of the differences.
Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than
50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled.
N=No responding cases in sample.

Notes:
● HVAC = Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. ● Due to
rounding, data may not sum to totals.
Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End
Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption
Survey.