Shiraz Travel Guide

Weather:This report describes the typical weather at the Shiraz (Shahid Dastghaib) International Airport (Shiraz, Iran) weather station over the course of an average year. It is based on the historical records from 1999 to 2012. Earlier records are either unavailable or unreliable.
Shiraz has a cold semi-arid steppe climate. The area within 40 km of this station is covered by shrublands (64%), croplands (27%), lakes and rivers (4%), and grasslands (3%).

Local time:GMT+03:30

Currency:Rial

Language:Persian

Population: 1.3 million

About Shiraz: The capital of Fars province in the southwest of Iran in the Middle East with the population of 1461000 according to national census 2011.
During the dynasty of Safarian , buyds and Zandieh was used as the capital of Iran.
Shiraz is the sixth most numerous city of Iran and titled as the city of flowers and nightingales.
It also is known as the city of poets, literature and considered to be the city of gardened due to many gardens and fruit trees that you can see in this city.
Shiraz the region’s most popular travel spot and known as the lo viest city of Iran with the people of most hospitable and easy going between Iranian . The city of poetry and love with the tombs of Hafez and Saadi, having the oriental old traditional bazar to give you an insight of history and culture , the stunning and colorful mosque , the extraordinary shrines decorated with mirrors and furnishing with the amazing, fascinating and most magnificent of the ceremonial capital of the first empire of the world , Persepolis , are few attractions you will see in shiraz.
It is one of the major highlights in Iran which renowned for It’s Persian lyrics , roses , cypresses and having several important landmarks such as vakil traditional bazaar (18th century), Karimkhan citadel (local name Arg-E-Karimkhan) which resembles a medieval fortress, Nassir Almolk Mosque (Qajar Period )with it’s beautiful tile work , Narangestan Ghavam decorated with the lovely mirrors, Eram Garden (the historic Persian garden )
The province of Fars embracing some of the most important archeological sites. The Palace of Persepolis is one of the magnificence which is still evident today although Alexander the great (member of the agreed dynasty , the king of ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon in 330 BC ) invaded and burned the Persepolis which was the ceremonial capital of the ancient Achaemenian kings and was noted not only for it’s size but also for the quality and beauty of it’s stone bas-reliefs which depicted a fascinating range of subjects and provided a window on court life in an ancient Persian empire , It’s still the reagent of glory and the most remarkable and vibrant site in Iran and it is a must to visit .
There are a series of mightily royal Achaemenian rock-cut tombs and some of the greatest Sassanian rock reliefs nearby at Naghshe Rostam (Necropolis)
Nearly two hours north of shiraz the resting place of Cyrus the great –founder of the Achaemenian dynasty located at Pasargadae . To the south of shiraz the city of Bishapur is situated this beautiful city as the name indicates built by king Shapur first (241-279 A.D.) , the second Sassanian king is known for it’s temple dedicated to Anahita , Mosaics and rock reliefs commemorating Shapur’s victories over the Romans.
Firozabad: at the west part of Shiraz nearly 4 hours driving, the most ancient city, burst a place and a fortress, created by Ardeshir, the Shapur’s father to celebrate his defeat of the Parthian dynasty.

Eram Garden

Nasir al molk mosque

Qur'an Gateway

Saadi Tomb

Madrese-e-Khan

Hafeziyeh (Tomb of Hafez)

Delgosha garden

Afifabad garden

Vakil mosque

Karim khan castle

Vakil bath

Atigh mosque

Shah Cheragh Holy Shrine

Pars museum

Jahannama garden

Khajo Tomb & Quran Gate

Zinat-al-molk house & museum

Shapouri building & garden

Sports Played in Shiraz

Bargh Shiraz (Established in 1946) is Shiraz's top team and currently plays in Iran's Azadegan League. Its biggest honour was winning the 1997 Hazfi Cup. Moqavemat Sepasi (formerly Fajr Sepasi) (Established in 1988) also plays in Iran's Premier Football League, and have also won the Hazfi Cup in 2001. Shiraz has two Football stadiums; the Hafezieh stadium with 20,000 Capacity built in 1945 and Another stadium, Shiraz Stadium, is due to be finished in 2009 and will have 50,000 capacity.
Furthermore, Shiraz has a professional basketball club Louleh a.s Shiraz BC. The team competes in the Iranian Basketball Super League.
Shiraz also has a female rugby team

ShirazCulture and History

Culture

Shiraz is known as the city of poets, gardens, wine, nightingales and flowers.

The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design; silver-ware; carpet-weaving, and the making of the rugs called gilim and "jajim" in the villages and among the tribes.
The garden is an important part of Iranian culture. There are many old gardens in Shiraz such as the Eram garden and the Afif abad garden. According to some people,Shiraz "disputes with Xeres in Spain the honour of being the birthplace of sherry."
Shiraz is proud of being mother land of Hafiz Shirazi, Shiraz is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Saadi, a 12th and 13th-century poet was born in Shiraz. He left his native town at a young age for Baghdad to study Arabic literature and Islamic sciences at Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad. When he reappeared in his native Shiraz he was an elderly man. Shiraz, under Atabak Abubakr Sa'd ibn Zangy (1231–1260) was enjoying an era of relative tranquility. Saadi was not only welcomed to the city but he was highly respected by the ruler and enumerated among the greats of the province. He seems to have spent the rest of his life in Shiraz. Hafiz, another famous poet and mystic was also born in Shiraz. A number of scientists also originate from Shiraz. Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, a 13th-century astronomer, mathematician, physician, physicist and scientist was from Shiraz. In his The Limit of Accomplishment concerning Knowledge of the Heavens, he also discussed the possibility of heliocentrism.

History

Pre-Islamic
Shiraz is most likely more than 4,000 years old. The name Shiraz is mentioned in cuneiform inscriptions from around 2000 BCE found in southwestern corner of the city.According to some Iranian mythological traditions, it was originally erected by Tahmuras Diveband, and afterward fell to ruin.The oldest sample of wine in the world, dating to approximately 7,000 years ago, was discovered on clay jars recovered outside of Shiraz (according to the referenced article, this discovery was made in Hajji Firuz Tepe, a Neolithic village in Iran's northern Zagros Mountains, more than a thousand kilometers north of Shiraz).
In the Achaemenian era, Shiraz was on the way from Susa to Persepolis and Pasargadae. In Ferdowsi's Shāhnāma it has been said that Artabanus V, the Parthian Emperor of Iran, expanded his control over Shiraz. Ghasre Abu-Nasr (meaning "the palace of AbuNasr") which is originally from Parthian era is situated in this area. During the Sassanid era, Shiraz was in between the way which was connecting Bishapur and Gur to Istakhr. Shiraz was an important regional center under the Sassanians.
Islamic period
The city became a provincial capital in 693, after Arab invaders conquered Istakhr, the nearby Sassanian capital. As Istakhr fell into decline, Shiraz grew in importance under the Arabs and several local dynasties.The Buwayhid empire (945–1055) made it their capital, building mosques, palaces, a library and an extended city wall. It was also ruled by the Seljuks and the Khwarezmians before the Mongol conquest.
The city was spared destruction by the invading Mongols, when its local ruler offered tributes and submission to Genghis Khan. Shiraz was again spared by Tamerlane, when in 1382 the local monarch, Shah Shoja agreed to submit to the invader.In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. For this reason the city was named by classical geographers Dar al-‘Elm, the House of Knowledge.Among the Iranian poets, mystics and philosophers born in Shiraz were the poets Sa'di and Hafiz,the mystic Roozbehan, and the philosopher Mulla Sadra.Thus Shiraz has been nicknamed "The Athens of Iran".As early as the 11th century, several hundred thousand people inhabited Shiraz.In the 14th century Shiraz had sixty thousand inhabitants. During the 16th century it had a population of 200,000 people, which by the mid-18th century had decreased to only 50,000.
In 1504, Shiraz was captured by the forces of Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid dynasty. Throughout the Safavid empire (1501–1722) Shiraz remained a provincial capital and Emam Qoli Khan, the governor of Fars under Shah Abbas I, constructed many palaces and ornate buildings in the same style as those built during the same period in Isfahan, the capital of the Empire.After the fall of the Safavids, Shiraz suffered a period of decline, worsened by the raids of the Afghans and the rebellion of its governor against Nader Shah; the latter sent troops to suppress the revolt. The city was besieged for many months and eventually sacked. At the time of Nader Shah's murder in 1747, most of the historical buildings of the city were damaged or ruined, and its population fell to 50,000, one-quarter of that during the 16th century.
Shiraz soon returned to prosperity under the rule of Karim Khan Zand, who made it his capital in 1762. Employing more than 12,000 workers, he constructed a royal district with a fortress, many administrative buildings, a mosque and one of the finest covered bazaars in Iran.He had a moat built around the city, constructed an irrigation and drainage system, and rebuilt the city walls. However, Karim Khan's heirs failed to secure his gains. When Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of the Qajar dynasty, eventually came to power, he wreaked his revenge on Shiraz by destroying the city's fortifications and moving the national capital to Tehran.Although lowered to the rank of a provincial capital, Shiraz maintained a level of prosperity as a result of the continuing importance of the trade route to the Persian Gulf. Its governorship was a royal prerogative throughout the Qajar dynasty.Many of the famous gardens, buildings and residences built during this time contribute to the city's present skyline.
Shiraz is the birthplace of the co-founder of the Bahá'í Faith, the Báb (Siyyid 'Ali-Muhammad, 1819–1850). In this city, on the evening of 22 May 1844, he first declared his mission as the bearer of a new divine revelation.[22] For this reason Shiraz is a holy city for Bahá’ís, and the city, particularly the house of the Báb, was identified as a place of pilgrimage.Due to the hostile climate towards Baha'is in Iran, the house has been the target of repeated attacks; the house was destroyed in 1979, to be paved over two years later and made into a public square.
Further information: 1910 Shiraz blood libel
In 1910, a pogrom of the Jewish quarter started after false rumours that the Jews had ritually killed a Muslim girl. In the course of the pogrom, 12 Jews were killed and about 50 were injured,and 6,000 Jews of Shiraz were robbed of all their possessions.
The city's role in trade greatly diminished with the opening of the trans-Iranian railway in the 1930s, as trade routes shifted to the ports in Khuzestan. Much of the architectural inheritance of Shiraz, and especially the royal district of the Zands, was either neglected or destroyed as a result of irresponsible town planning under the Pahlavi dynasty.
Lacking any great industrial, religious or strategic importance, Shiraz became an administrative center, although its population has nevertheless grown considerably since the 1979 revolution.
Modern times
The city's municipality and other related institutions have initiated restoration and reconstruction projects.
Some of the most recent projects have been the complete restoration of the Arg of Karim Khan and of the Vakil Bath, as well as a comprehensive plan for the preservation of the old city quarters. Other noteworthy initiatives include the total renovation of the Qur'an Gate and the mausoleum of the poet Khwaju Kermani, both located in the Allah-u-Akbar Gorge, as well as the restoration and expansion of the mausoleum of the famous Shiraz-born poets Hafiz and Saadi.
A lot of different construction projects is currently underway, which is going to modernize the City's infrastructure. The Shiraz 1400 chain of projects is set to transform the city and greatly modernize the infrastructure.
After the Iranian Revolution, Shiraz was re-established as the capital of Iranian Art and Culture. Shiraz is known as the capital of Persian Art, Culture and Literature.