10 Marco de la Investigación Fase 1 Fase 2 Actores Nacionales Establecer el contexto de la linea base para inversión y desarrollo Fase 4 Fase 3 Actores nacionales y necesidades de capacidad Potencial de proyectos MDL Fase 1: Actores Nacionales Key Questions Detailed questions Methodology Who are the stakeholders? What are the information flows/information mechanisms between them? Who are the different investor groups? What kinds of business/trade associations or networks are there? How large is memberships (and how representative of scale of business community). What are the links to different stakeholder groups? What kinds of community groups are there? How large/representative of concerns are community groups? What are the links to different stakeholder groups? Use a matrix to establish links between different stakeholder groups, and to confirm that all relevant stakeholders are being included. How developed in the NGO sector (interests, levels of activity, geographical areas of activity, links to government, businesses and community groups) Who are the stakeholders in poverty alleviation and in CDM investment? Do they overlap and where? Are there practical strategies for bringing them together in the course of the project? What are the private sector strategies and concerns? Have we included all relevant people in the research methodology? 10

12 Fase 2: BAU para inversión y desarrollo (a) Key Questions Detailed questions Methodology What is the BAU investment context? What are expected BAU impacts on ghg emissions, job creation, income generation, poverty alleviation etc. What is the BAU development context? What is current capacity in the following areas: institutional structures, technical abilities, policy portfolio, ability to attract external finance; sustainable development strategy. What are the barriers to investment currently? What is the general investment climate in the BAU? Which sectors does FDI currently target? What is the rate of business start-ups (or is there some other measure of local business activity we could use?) Institutional: How are investment flows currently processed? (how many institutions currently involved in project assessment, the role of each; average time for processing applications). Has any climate change/cdm office/focal point been established? What is the level of awareness of climate change/cdm at different levels? How do we gauge this level of awareness? Use as a basis national strategy documents eg national energy policy, national development strategy, national waste management plans etc. Backup with independent consultation. Use a table format to report results. Independent consultation/investigation Surveys/telephone interviews/face to face consultation? Formato para Información del BAU Type of activity Energy generation Fuel oil Hydro Waste management Uncontrolled dumping Level of activity % growth to 2020 Current level of emissions Projected level of emissions (2020) Impacts on SD 12

13 Fase 2: BAU para inversión y desarrollo (b) Key Questions Detailed questions Methodology What is the BAU investment context? What is the BAU development context? Technical: Procedures for technical assessment and any assessment tools used; Where is the country on the development of baseline methodologies and approaches? Independent consultation What is current capacity in the following areas: institutional structures, technical abilities, policy portfolio, ability to attract external finance; sustainable development strategy. What are the barriers to investment currently? Current monitoring protocol for projects Current data collection with respect to SD objectives Policy: Any policies aimed at the CDM in place? Any policies in place that incentivise emissions reductions by sector? Any policies in place to encourage private sector investment by sector? Desk review Independent consultation/desk reviews Use matrix to do build up picture for each sector. Can do comparative analysis, gap analysis later on in research. Herramientas de Política Regulación (incluyendo leyes de conservación) Campañas de Información IVA (imposiciones y alivios) Auxilios/estímulos (eg iniciar negocios, investigación) Subsidios Fondos de riesgo para créditos (eg tasas de interés subsidiadas) Alivios tributarios Costos por Emisiones Costos al consumidor (eg peajes, recolección de basuras) Costos sobre productos (eg impuestos a combustibles) Impuestos sobre el uso de recursos naturales (eg madera) Destinación de impuestos Otros??? 13

14 Matríz de Política Policy instrument A B C D E F G H I J K Energy supply Energy efficiency Transport Forestry Waste Agriculture Fase 2: BAU para inversión y desarrollo (c) Key Questions Detailed questions Methodology What is the BAU investment context? Financial and commercial: What is the BAU development context? What is current capacity in the following areas: institutional structures, technical abilities, policy portfolio, ability to attract external finance; sustainable development strategy. What are the barriers to investment currently? Concerned with issues that impact on financial aspects of projects. What are current factors impacting on transaction costs? What are the uncertainties such as exchange rate fluctuations, inflation rate fluctuations, political instability, social unrest etc Sustainable development: What are the country priorities eg rural/urban development; ethnic/gender issues; sectoral priorities What is the observed/expected impact of current investment flows in relation to these SD objectives? Desk review; interviews. Survey of businesses/foreign investors in-country? Obtain political risk insurance rates; credit rating. Others? Review national development/economic strategies 14

15 Marco de la Investigación Fase 1 Fase 2 Actores Nacionales Establecer el contexto de la linea base para inversión y desarrollo Fase 4 Fase 3 Actores nacionales y necesidades de capacidad Potencial de proyectos MDL Fase 3: Potencial de proyectos MDL Key Questions Detailed questions Methodology Develop a framework and set of agreed guidelines and processes for CDM project identification. What projects under the CDM would bring sustainable development benefits? What additional benefits could the CDM bring: modifying the design of BAU projects to maximise carbon mitigation; clean technology projects not considered in the BAU. Need to define a means of screening in projects with strong poverty alleviation benefits Look at results from Phase 2 of research, based on national strategy documents. Could crossreference with an IPCC lit of mitigation projects in order to ensure the comprehensiveness of mitigation options considered. How do we make projects happen? Which projects would be taken up by the private sector and which projects would need additional help with commercialisation? What are the issues impacting on transaction costs of CDM projects, eg link to project size. What implementation and management models will help reduce transaction costs?? Could answer the following questions: are the returns of CDM projects likely to differ significantly from existing investment flows? Are the returns of these projects likely to be significantly augmented by carbon value? Use as a basis results in Phase 2 of research and link to potential additional investment under CDM. 15

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