The report, released at the Sustainable Forum in Pittsburgh on Sept. 12, also claims that mandatory EPR programs aimed at food, beverage and consumer product packaging would not deliver on their promise of creating more cost-effective residential recycling programs and driving packaging redesign.

The report analyzed recycling rates, system costs, packaging changes, and other data from various European and Canadian jurisdictions that employ EPR for packaging. In the U.S., it looked at nationwide recycling rates and recycling programs in Ramsey County, Minn.

Among the study’s principal findings:

• Packaging use has declined in the United States, where there is no packaging EPR, but it has increased slowly in Europe, where there is widespread packaging EPR.

“There is no indication that EPR has reduced packaging use economy-wide or had any effect on package design or selection,” said the 68-page report, prepared for GMA by SAIC Energy, Environment & Infrastructure, LLC.

• Price signals sent by EPR to manufacturers are very weak in most jurisdictions compared to the overall value of the products they contain and price of packaging.

“Packaging EPR generally does not change the relative package cost among different package alternatives for a product,” said the report. “There is insufficient EPR fee differentiation to cause consumer packaged goods companies to switch from one package format to another.

The study also said that the U.S. has a higher recycling rate for municipal solid waste than both the European Union, 23 percent, and Canada, 18 percent, where EPR is widely employed.

It also noted that Ramsey County, a non-EPR jurisdiction in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, has a lower net cost per ton ($156) than EPR programs in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, where costs are $166/ton and $202/ton, respectively. However, the report did not look at costs in any other specific municipalities in the U.S.

The report further argued that “states and municipalities already have at their disposal a suite of non-EPR policies that are both effective and efficient in terms of raising recycling rates.”

“Together, [these initiatives] can achieve high recycling rates, without excess cost or administrative burden that results from EPR,” the report said.

“The most successful recycling and waste recovery programs will result from comprehensive approaches that leverage industry innovation and collaborative partnerships between NGO’s, government and industry, not one-size-fits-all mandates,” asserted Meghan Stasz, senior director of sustainability at GMA.