As of the Windows 10 "Anniversary" update (coming soon, probably 29th July 2016 since that would be a year after Windows 10 was launched).This will also include the Ubuntu package manager, bash, and various other utilities that Linux users take for advantage (ssh anyone?). Essentially you will be able to run native Linux shells on Windows 10. No need for a virtual machine or CygWin (GNU command line utilities for Win32) to get a Linux-like environment running inside Windows 10.

Of course however, having Ubuntu running in a Windows environment will not make Windows any faster or more efficient. Just simply means you have access to Linux-based (GNU+Linux.. you know what I mean) commands within a Windows environment. I would see it as a convenience as I often play games on Windows (I am still on windows 7, not seen the need to update to windows 10 yet despite it being free), and it would be nice to be able to access a Linux environment for e.g transferring files to my dedicated server, running python or shell commands within windows directories, or simply using SSH without having to switch OS to do this. I would not kill off my dual boot setup simply because Ubuntu is (even if it is one of the more "bloated" Linux distros) still faster to run than Windows 10, and is in my opinion a nice productivity/work environment.

Still, with Microsoft also providing better support for python in the future, it is doing a good job at convincing someone who has heavily invested a lot of time in Linux development to look more into development in a Windows environment. If that is their aim, then they are doing a good job. It would also give more exposure of Linux and open source software to Windows users who may have never touched Ubuntu or Linux before. So I would say it is a win win for Microsoft and Ubuntu. I do however doubt we will be running Windows applications on Ubuntu anytime soon either.