SKIN DISORDERS CAUSED BY COSMETICS

1. Irritant Contact Dermatitis

This is the commonest skin disorder that can arise from the use of
cosmetics. The most frequent presenting complaint is facial itch and
rash.

Types of cosmetics causing irritant contact dermatitis include:

a. Cleansers: Facial cleansers which often contain surfactants that
are necessary to facilitate proper cleansing of the skin.

b. Toners and astringents: Toners and astringents may contain alcohol
or acids, like alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Some patients may develop skin
problems from these products.

c. Facial treatment: Facial treatment involves the use of manual
manipulation and application of chemicals on the skin, often resulting
in exfoliation of the upper skin surface. Mild irritation is inevitable,
but severe skin inflammation, like dermatitis can occur.

Excessive or inappropriate use of any of these skin care products and
procedures can cause skin irritation, especially in individuals with
sensitive skin or underlying skin diseases.

What are the symptoms and sign irritation

Clinical presentation

The patient may experience only burning or stinging sensation after applying the cosmetic on the skin.
In severe cases, itchiness, redness, swelling and later scaling and peeling of the skin can occur.

What should I do when I suspect that I have irritation from cosmetics?

Treatment Stop using all cosmetic products on the affected skin immediately. Consult your doctor. Do not seek treatment
from beauticians or unqualified persons. Your doctor will treat you with a bland facial cleanser and low-potency
corticosteroid cream or ointment.

After the rash recovers, patch testing may be required at a later date to exclude allergy to the cosmetics. Your doctor
will advise you on the appropriate cosmetics to use.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Another important skin disorder caused by cosmetics is allergic contact dermatitis. It occurs less frequently
than irritant contact dermatitis. It is often difficult to differentiate between an allergic from an irritant contact
dermatitis by the appearance of the rash alone.
Cosmetics ingredients that can cause skin allergy include fragrances, preservatives and sunscreens.

What are the symptoms and signs cosmetics allergies?

Clinical presentation

The patient may not experience any problem with the cosmetic initially.
An allergic reaction can occur even after repeated exposure to the incriminating substance.
Symptoms of cosmetic allergy include itchiness, redness, swelling or even blistering on the affected skin.
Secondary spread beyond the affected site may occur. The same reaction will recur if the patient uses another product
that contains the same ingredients.

What should I do if I suspect that I have cosmetic allergy?

Consult your doctor. You should stop applying all cosmetics on the affected skin or anywhere else immediately. Your doctor
will prescribe you topical or in severe cases, oral corticosteroid to reduce the skin inflammation. Oral
antihistamines may reduce intense itch. Patch testing should be done when the rash subsides to ascertain the cause of
allergy.

What test can be done to confirm my cosmetic allergy?

Patch
testing is a procedure that helps your dermatologist to identity the
exact substance that you are allergic to. During the test, pieces of
tapes will be plastered on the back for 48 hours. You will
return at 72 hours and/or 1 week later to determine if there is any
allergic test reaction. You will be tested to specially prepared patch
test material and also to your own cosmetic products. After the
evaluation, you can then be given appropriate advice as to which
substance you must avoid in future.

CosmeticInducedd Pimples (Acne)

Can cosmetics cause pimples?

Acne or pimples can occur in patients who may or may not have past history of
adolescent pimples. Some cosmetics, e.g. foundation and moisturizer
which are left on the skin for long period of time can cause comedones
("blackheads" or "whiteheads") and inflamed pimples to appear.
Patients with cosmetic induced pimples are treated in the same way, as
with all other ordinary pimples, i.e. appropriate creams/gels with or
without oral medication, depending on the severity. Patients should
preferably stop using any cosmetics till the skin improves. However, if
the patient is uncomfortable with the blemishes on the skin during the
healing process, they should use oil-free or low oil-content cosmetics.

4. Special Cosmetic Allergies

Hair cosmetics (hair-dyes):

Hair-dye allergy is one of the commonest causes of cosmetic
dermatitis in men and women. Some individuals are able to dye their hair
initially without any problem, but may suddenly develop an allergy to
the dye after repeated dyeing of hair. The face, ears and neck are often
affected. The substance that often causes an allergy to
hair-dye is para-phenylenediamine (PPD). It can be found in almost all
brands of permanent hair dyes. Those who are allergic to PPD hair dyes
must avoid all synthetic chemical hair dyes. The only suitable
substitute here is Henna vegetable dye or metal pigment dyes.

Sunscreens allergy:

Besides being sold commercially as sun-blocking agents, they are also
incorporated into numerous cosmetic products, like lipsticks and facial
foundation.

Sunscreens can cause irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact
dermatitis and also photo-allergic contact dermatitis. Photo-allergic
dermatitis differs from allergic contact dermatitis, as the rash occurs
only after the skin comes into direct exposure with the combination of
the allergic substance and sunlight.

All chemical sunscreens have the potential of causing photo-allergic
dermatitis. Physicalsun screenn, like titanium dioxide, does not cause
this problem.

You should consult a dermatologist for skin patch test if you suspect
that you havesun screenn allergy. After the patch test, your
dermatologist should be able to advise you on the type ofsun screenn that
you can use.