Which of thefollowing effects is not an effect of the relevant or appropriate dose or dosesof narcotic drugs

all are effects of the narcotics, given the relavent dose or doses

Compared with most ofthe other drugs, the margin between the ED and LD for narcotics is

narrow

Of the following, which drug was used by the lowestpercent of the population during a recent past year

narcotics

On a dose-by-dose basis, which of the following drugsis most likely to cause death by overdose and hence, appear in DAWN’s MEfigures

heroin

Which of thefollowing is used by a greater number of people—heroin versus all of the othernarcotics added together

all the other narcotics added together

Currently, the “drugof choice” among arrestees in the ADAM program (that is, the one that thehighest number and percentage that both said that they had used and testedpositive for) is

marijuana

From interviews ofarrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1953,the percentage who said that they had used heroin has

decreased

From interviews ofarrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1970,the percentage who said that they had used crack cocaine has

decreased

According to DAWN,currently, the drug that causes the greatest number of death by overdose, inabsolute numbers, is

opiates

Between the early2000s and 2008, the tonnage of the supply of heroin available in Mexico

increased

Currently, the majority of the heroin sold on thestreet in the U.S. had its origin in

Latin America

Currently, most ofthe world’s production of opium is grown in

Afghanistan

According to MTF,most high school seniors believe that the regular use of heroin is

harmful

In the 1990s, severalmedia sources reported that a new heroin “epidemic” had gripped the UnitedStates. Toward the end of the first decade of the 2000s, that “epidemic” had

subsided

“Soporific” refers tothe capacity to

induce drowsiness and sleepiness

A study compared“controlled” opiate users with narcotic addicts and found that the formerdiffered from the latter in

frequency of use

About what proportionof prescription drugs are psychoactive

a minority, though a substantial minority

Sedative-hypnoticdrugs include

barbituates

Some drugs workmainly on the mind (the so-called “mind” drugs) while others work mainly on thebody (“body” drugs. Which of the following is mainly a “body” drug

Lipitor, a lipid regulator

Which of thefollowing prescription drugs combats dysphoria

antidepressants

Which of thefollowing is made up of the highest-grossing category of pharmaceutical drugs

antipsychotics

Which of thefollowing drugs or drug categories of prescription drugs is rarely if ever usedas a recreational drug

sleep agents

Which of thefollowing category of once-popular prescription drugs has no representatives inthe top 200 or best-selling pharmaceuticals

fast-acting barbituates

Which of thefollowing category of prescription drugs is most like alcohol in its effects

barbituates, such as Seconal

If it were aprescription drug, which of the following categories would alcohol fall into

sedative-hypnotic tranquilizers

Which of thefollowing drugs or drug categories is no longer prescribed at all

methaqualone

Between 1955 andtoday, the number of patients in mental hospitals

decreased

The change that tookplace in Question 11 was due to

an increase in the administration of anti-psychotic drugs

Which of thefollowing prescription drugs or drug types very rarely result in a lethaloverdose, that is, are not on DAWN’s list of top five ME drugs

All of the above are in DAWN's list of top five ME drugs

Which of thefollowing pharmaceutical drugs or drug types are frequently prescribed for mooddisorders

antidepressants

Which of thefollowing pharmaceutical drugs or drug types are frequently prescribed forthought disorders

anti-psychotics

Which of thefollowing prescription drugs or drug types is synergistic with alcohol

barbituates

Which of thefollowing is both a sedative-hypnotic prescription drug or drug type and apopular recreational drug

hydrocodone

Between 1969 and1982, Valium was the nation’s best-selling prescription drug. Since then, thenumber of prescriptions for Valium has declined sharply. This decline is due tothe fact that

Hoffman-LaRoche lost its trade patent

Another term forsedative-hypnotic-tranquilizers is

general depressants

Which of thefollowing prescription drugs does not produce a high, intoxication, or euphoricstate?

anti-psychotics

The statistical correlation between the use ofany and all illicit drugs and engaging in criminal behavior is

postive

The relationship between committing a crime andbeing a victim of a crime is

positive

The use of certain drugs is more “criminogenic”than that of others, that is, it is more closely related to criminal behavior.Which of the following are the “big three” drugs with respect to therelationship between using psychoactive substances and committing crime?

much more likely to test positive, and therefore use drugs, than is true of the population at large

Among ADAM’s sample of arrestees

most agree to be drug tested

Drug researchers have proposed three models orexplanations for the drug-crime nexus. Which one is the most adequate inexplaining this link?

the intensification model

Which of the following models most adequately explains the drugs/violence nexus?

the systemic model

During the past two decades, the price of cocaine sold on the street in the U.S.

has decreased

During the past two decades, the purity of cocaine sold on the street in the U.S.:

has increased

Among men, as the volume of cocaine consumedincreases, the likelihood of being the perpetrator of crime

increases

Among women, as the volume of cocaine consumedincreases, the likelihood of being the victim of a crime

increases

After 1970, using, abusing, and being addictedto heroin

increased the likelihood of committing a violent crime

Consuming alcohol is

positively related to engaging in violent behavior

Evidence indicates that the link between theconsumption of alcohol and engaging in violent behavior is largely andsubstantially a result of

disinhibition caused by pharmacological effects of alcohol

For which drug or drugs is the statisticalrelationship between the consumption of psychoactive drugs and the criminalbehavior the weakest?

LSD and Ecstasy

Prior tothe 1970s, which model did most researchers used to explain why, they felt,heroin addicts did not engage in violent behavior as frequently as othercriminals?

none of the above

Which of the followingdrugs is used in a majority of criminal homicides?

alcohol

Which of the following models would drugresearchers be most likely to use to explain why a drunk passenger would stormthe cockpit of an airline and demand to fly the plane?

pharmacological?

Term In our attempt to understand the relationshipbetween drug use and criminal behavior, which is posited as the independentvariable?

drug use

Which of the following models would be mostadequate to explain why drinking alcohol is more likely to result in a fight inthe stands at a game between two rival teams than at a wedding?

systemic

The drugs and drugtypes that are discussed in this chapter are included together because

they tend to be used recreationally by more-or-less middle class persons

The “era” duringwhich marijuana’s psychoactive effects were discovered and when it began to beused is

unknown

Shen Nung

was a mythologicalfigure who was neither an actual Chinese emperor nor did he write apharmaceutical treatise which included marijuana as a curative herb.

Which of thefollowing categories have no writers on drug use included marijuana as

Some writers have included marijuana as belonging in each of these categories

The most powerful psychoactive chemical in marijuana is

THC

The discussion inthis chapter summarizing a study on the administration of marijuana to airlinepilots, followed by submitting them to coordination tests 1, 4, 10, and 24hours after the administration of marijuana found that the deterioratingeffects of the drug completely disappeared after

none of the above

Currently, the typeof damaging effect that critics of marijuana use are most concerned aboutcenter on the drug’s potential for

chronic effects

The one harmfulchronic effect that nearly all researchers agree is a possible long-term effectof moderate-to-heavy marijuana use is

lung damage

The socialcharacteristic that correlates most strongly with the use of marijuana is

age

Which of thefollowing drugs does Drugs in American Society not include in thecategory of hallucinogenic/psychedelic drugs

PCP

Which of thefollowing is not considered one of the common effects of the hallucinogenic orpsychedelic drugs?

psychotic episodes

Research hasdemonstrated that the use of LSD commonly causes

sensory overload

Which of thefollowing is not among the group that is discussed here as a “club drug”?

PCP

Between the 1990s andthe year 2000, the use of the club drugs

increased

After 2000, the rateof use of the club drugs

decreased

Psychopharmacologistsclassify ketamine as a

disassociative anesthetic

Psychopharmacologistsclassify Ecstasy (MDMA) in terms of its effects as a

none of the above

The use of club drugs is

none of the above

The evidenceindicating that the human use of MDMA (Ecstasy) damages

any organ of the body is inconclusive

Which of thefollowing explanations for the “progression” of users from the use of marijuanato the use of more dangerous drugs focuses on properties inherent within thedrug that cause this phenomenon? The:

pharmacological school

From the early 1970sto today, the number of prescriptions written for the amphetamines has

decreased

For which of thefollowing uses do many physicians today most frequently write legitimateprescriptions?