There is a growing tendency in Kenya to 1) look for new farm land. 2) explore new hunting areas. 3) preserve native animal habitats. A9.

According to Ben, people living around the forest area 1) try to domesticate some of the wild animals. 2) do their best to stop deforestation in the area. 3) could be in danger from wild animals. A10.

According to Ben, an excommunicated animal is 1) an animal doomed to extinction. 2) an aggressive and uncontrollable animal. 3) an animal that needs people’s help. A11.

Ben claims that people living around the forest area make extra money 1) catching and selling wild animals to the zoos. 2) travelling to other regions and doing odd jobs. 3) trading wooden products. A12.

The interviewer is curious to know if 1) the BBC has ever shown programs about wildlife protection in Kenya. 2) all the facts about safari in Kenya presented on BBC television are true. 3) people in Kenya have ever seen any BBC wildlife programs. A14.

Visitors to safari parks in Kenya are allowed to 1) choose their own routes. 2) feed wild animals. 3) drive their own cars.

A group of university students from Brazil have been given the job of discovering and locating all the waterfalls in their country. It is not easy because very often the maps are not detailed. The students have to remain in water for long periods of time. Every day they cover a distance of 35 to 40 kilometers through the jungle, each carrying 40 kilos of equipment. B.

For many years now, mail-order shopping has served the needs of a certain kind of customers. Everything they order from a catalogue is delivered to their door. Now, though, e-mail shopping on the Internet has opened up even more opportunities for this kind of shopping. C.

Another generation of computer fans has arrived. They are neither spotty schoolchildren nor intellectual professors, but pensioners who are learning computing with much enthusiasm. It is particularly interesting for people suffering from arthritis as computers offer a way of writing nice clear letters. Now pensioners have discovered the Internet and at the moment they make up the fastest growing membership. D.

Shopping centres are full of all kinds of stores. They are like small, selfcontained towns where you can find everything you want. In a large centre, shoppers can find everything they need without having to go anywhere else. They can leave their cars in the shopping centre car park and buy everything in a covered complex, protected from the heat, cold or rain. E.

Not many people know that, back in the fifties, computers were very big, and also very slow. They took up complete floors of a building, and were less powerful, and much slower than any of today’s compact portable computers. At first, the data they had to process and record was fed in on punched-out paper; later magnetic tape was used, but both systems were completely inconvenient. F.

Potholing is a dull name for a most interesting and adventurous sport. Deep underground, on the tracks of primitive men and strange animals who have adapted to life without light, finding unusual landscapes and underground lakes, the potholer lives an exciting adventure. You mustn’t forget, though, that it can be quite dangerous. Without the proper equipment you can fall, get injured or lost. G.

Substantial remains of an octagonal Roman bath house, probably reused as a Christian baptistry, have been uncovered during a student training excavation near Faversham in Kent. The central cold plunge pool was five metres across, and stood within a structure which also had underfloor heating and hot pools, probably originally under a domed roof. A B C D E F G

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A _______________________. He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B _______________________.

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the "Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, C _______________________. It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air, D _______________________. And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon.

Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28 100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E _______________________. Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could "fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F _______________________.

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere. 2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth. 3. which is invisible to the human eye. 4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move. 5. so it has a clear view of space. 6. because many stars are in clouds of gas. 7. but where it is. A B C D E F

My husband and I went to Reno for our holiday last year. "Isn’t that place where people go to get a quickie divorce?” asked my second son? ‘Yes’, I said, trying to look enigmatic and interesting. ‘You are not getting divorced, are you?’ he asked bluntly. ‘No,’ I said, ’we are going to an outdoor pursuit trade fair. The children sighed with relief and slouched away, muttering things like ‘boring’. I call them children, but they are all grown up. My eldest son has started to develop fine lines around his eyes – fledgling crow’s feet. A terrible sight for any parent to see. Anyway, the piece isn’t about children. It’s about holidays.

The first thing to be said about holidays is that anybody who can afford one should be grateful. The second thing is that planning holidays can be hard work. In our household it starts with somebody muttering, ’I suppose we ought to think about a holiday.’ This remark is usually made in July and is received glumly, as if the person making it has said ‘I suppose we ought to think about the Bolivian balance of payment problems.’

Nothing much happens for a week and then the potential holiday-makers are rounded up and made to consult their diaries. Hospital appointments are taken into consideration, as are important things to do with work. But other highlights on the domestic calendar, such as the cat’s birthday, are swept aside and eventually two weeks are found. The next decision is the most painful: where?

We travel abroad to work quite a lot but we return tired and weary, so the holiday we are planning is a slob’s holiday: collapse on a sunbed, read a book until the sun goes down, stagger back to hotel room, shower, change into glad rags, eat well, wave good-bye to teenagers, have a last drink on hotel terrace, go to bed and then lie awake and wait for hotel waiters to bring the teenagers from the disco.

I never want to be guided around another monument, as long as I live. I do not want to be told how many bricks it took to build it. I have a short attention span for such details. I do not want to attend a ‘folk evening’ ever, ever again. The kind where men with their trousers tucked into their socks wave handkerchiefs in the direction of women wearing puff-sleeved blouses, long skirts and headscarves.

I also want to live dangerously and get brown. I want my doughy English skin change from white sliced to wheat germ. I like the simple pleasure of removing my watch strap and gazing at the patch of virgin skin beneath.

I don’t want to make new friends – on holidays or in general; I can’t manage the ones I have at home. I do not want to mix with the locals and I have no wish to go into their homes. I do not welcome tourists who come to Leicester into my home. Why should the poor locals in Holidayland be expected to? It’s bad enough that we monopolize their beaches, clog their pavements and spend an hour in a shop choosing a sunhat that costs the equivalent of 75 pence.

So, the slob’s holiday has several essential requirements: a hotel on a sunny beach, good food, a warm sea, nightlife for the teenagers, a big crowd to get lost in, and the absence of mosquitoes.

As I write, we are at the planning stage. We have looked through all the holiday brochures, but they are full of references to ‘hospitable locals’, ‘folk nights’, ‘deserted beaches’, and ‘interesting historical sights’. Not our cup of tea, or glass of sangria, at all.

The narrator’s words ‘A terrible sight for any parent to see’ refer to 1) the way children behave. 2) the fact that children are aging. 3) the way children change their image. 4) the fact there is a generation gap. A17.

When the need for holiday planning is first announced in the narrator’ family, it 1) is regarded as an important political issue. 2) is met with enthusiasm by all the family. 3) seems like an impossible task. 4) is openly ignored. A18.

To find a two-week slot for a holiday potential holiday-makers have to 1) negotiate the optimum period for travel. 2) cancel prior business appointments. 3) re-schedule individual summer plans. 4) make a list of the things to be taken into account. A19.

The slob’s holiday is the type of holiday for people, who 1) do not want to go on holiday abroad. 2) go on holiday with teenagers. 3) do not like public life. 4) prefer peaceful relaxing holidays. A20.

When the narrator says ‘I also want to live dangerously’, she means 1) getting lost in the crowd. 2) going sightseeing without a guide. 3) choosing herself the parties to go to. 4) lying long hours in the sun on the beach. A21.

The main reason the narrator doesn’t want to mix up with locals is because she 1) doesn’t let tourists to her house at Leicester. 2) doesn’t want to add to their inconveniencies. 3) is afraid to make friends with local people. 4) values her own privacy above all.

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.A Smart BoyB4. Mr. Jones and Mr. Brown worked in the same office. Their __________________ were good friends. One day Mr. Jones invited to Mr. Brown to a small party. Mr. Brown went into the other room and telephoned his wife. WIFEB5. When he came back Mr. Jones asked him, "Have you spoken to your wife already?”"No, she __________________ there when I phoned. My small son answered the phone. I asked him, "Is your mother there?” And he said, "She is somewhere outside”. NOT BEB6. "Why is she outside?” I asked. "She __________________ for me”, he answered. LOOKThe Great Wall of ChinaB7. The Great Wall of China runs for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the __________________ wonders of the world. GREATB8. The Great Wall __________________ in order to protect the country form different aggressors. BUILDB9. The construction of the Wall __________________ in the 6th century BC and lasted until the 16th century AD. BEGINB10. Since then, the Great Wall of China __________________ a Symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and a monument to Chinese nation for many hundreds of years. BECOME

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–В16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.UK: Conservation and EnvironmentB11. Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high __________________ density and widespread, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas. POPULATEB12. Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve the __________________ beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain. NATUREB13. Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of __________________ with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations. VISITB14. The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warming __________________ ever since scientists discovered the hole in the ozone layer. SERIOUSB15. In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmental __________________. PROTECTB16. Nowadays British __________________ are taking part in one of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect endangered species. SCIENCE

Tracy was as excited as a child about her first trip abroad. Early in the morning, she stopped at a A22 ______ agency and reserved a suite on the Signal Deck of the Queen Elizabeth II. The next three days she spent buying clothes and luggage.

On the morning of the sailing, Tracy hired a limousine to drive her to the pier. When she A23 ______ at Pier 90, where the Queen Elizabeth II was docked, it was crowded with photographers and television reporters, and for a moment Tracy was panic stricken. Then she realized they were interviewing the two men posturing at the foot of the gangplank. The members of the crew were helping the passengers with their luggage. On deck, a steward looked at Tracy’s ticket and A24 ______ her to her stateroom. It was a lovely suite with a private terrace. It had been ridiculously expensive but Tracy A25 ______ it was worth it.

She unpacked and then wandered along the corridor. In almost every cabin there were farewell parties going on, with laughter and champagne and conversation. She felt a sudden ache of loneliness. There was no one to see her A26 ______, no one for her to care about, and no one who cared about her. Shewas sailing into a completely unknown future.

Suddenly she felt the huge ship shudder as the tugs started to pull it out of the harbor, and she stood A27 ______ the passengers on the boat deck, watching the Statue of Liberty slide out of A28 ______, and then she went exploring.

You have 20 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes: … In Great Britain most young people want to become independent from their parents as soon as possible. Could you tell me what you and your friends think about not relying on your parents? Are you ready to leave your family immediately after you finish school? Is it easy to rent a house or an apartment for students in Russia? As for the latest news, I have just returned from a trip to Scotland…

Write a letter to Tom. In your letter − answer his questions − ask 3 questions about his trip to Scotland

Write 100 – 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing. C2.

You have 40 minutes to do this task. Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that life-long friendship exists only in books and films. Others believe that it exists in real life.

What is your opinion? Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan: − make an introduction (state the problem) − express your personal opinion and give reasons for it − give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it − draw a conclusion

Speaker 1I love reading. I read detective and spy stories, novels, and romantic and fantasy stories. If I’m stuck on a train or waiting for something and don’t have anything to read, I feel terrible. So something that I spend a lot of money on would probably be books. I always buy a lot of books, magazines and reader’s digests. And I keep all of them at home – my mum says it’s horrible. Also lots of my money goes on audio books. I always share them with friends. Em… it’s kind of an exchange.

Speaker 2Oh, you know, shiny things really attract me. Every time I have some extra money, I buy bracelets, rings, earrings or necklaces. I wear them everywhere and every day. If I’m shopping somewhere and there is something flashy shining at me, I usually stop and look and very often a salesperson can talk me into buying it. It’s crazy I know. I also love buying books but I don’t spend so much on them.

Speaker 3Ah, I spend money mostly on um… going out, like going to restaurants or clubs, and things like that. I am a party person, I love hanging out with friends. I don’t actually buy a lot of things, like electronics, books or CDs. I just spend money on going out with my friends, on food and drinks for parties. I really love chatting, dancing and making jokes.

Speaker 4Something I probably spend too much on is clothes. I guess because I am a girl, I think of shopping as a fun pastime and I find it relaxing. Actually I call it "shopping therapy” to go and buy some new clothes. I often go alone – I don’t need anyone to advise me. I’d say I love the process of choosing and buying things. It really makes me feel good.

Speaker 5If I had the money I wanted, I would like to go and spend two weeks at every famous place on Earth. I love traveling in comfort. Nowadays it’s very expensive. I read travel magazines and surf the Internet for information about different tours, hotels and sights – and now I know how I want to travel. That’s what I’d spend my money on if I could.

Speaker 6I usually don’t spend that much money on anything like jewellery or clothes. But then if there is one big expense, it is food. I like desserts, especially ice cream, so when I go out for dinner I definitely have a dessert afterwards. I can’t live without cakes, candies, chocolates and things like that. Who can?

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)Now you will hear the texts again. (Repeat.)This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.(Pause 15 seconds.)

Receptionist: English Language Center. How may I help you?Caller: Yes. I’ve heard about your centre from my classmate and I’m calling to find out more information about your program. What kind of courses do you offer?Receptionist: Well, first of all, the purpose of our program is to provide language learning opportunities for students who would like to master basic language skills, let's say, for his or her job, or to study intensively to enter a US college or university.Caller: Okay. I'm calling for a friend who is interested in attending a US university. Can my friend apply for the next semester?Receptionist: Well, we start in March and always ask applicants to apply no later than two months before the semester begins.Caller: Alright. What is the tuition fee for a full-time student?Receptionist: It's two thousand and thirty dollars.Caller: And how does one apply?Receptionist: Well, we can send you an application and you can mail it back to us, or you can fill out the application form that's on our website.Caller: And are there other materials I would need to send in addition to the application form?Receptionist: Uh, yes. You would need to send in a sponsorship form indicating who will be responsible financially for the student while studying in our program, and a bank statement showing that you or your sponsor has enough money to cover tuition expenses and living costs.Caller: And how can I send these materials to you?Receptionist: You can either send the application packet by regular mail or you can fax it.Caller: Alright. I think that's about it.Receptionist: Okay great.Caller: Oh and what is your name?Receptionist: Ok. My name is Tony Nelson. You can just call and ask for me.Caller: Great. Thank you for your help.Receptionist: No problem and please don't hesitate to call again if you have any other questions.Caller: Okay. Goodbye.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)Now you’ll hear the text again. (Repeat.)This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.(Pause 15 seconds.)

Int: Today in the studio we are talking to Ben Zephani, an activist and member of the environmental group the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. Welcome Ben.Ben: Thank you.Int: Well, you know, people nowadays talk a lot about environmental issues. There is great concern about wildlife and the future of the National Parks in Kenya. What’s happening there?Ben: One of the most serious environmental problems we are facing today is deforestation, which really affects both wildlife and people living around the forests. People need land for their own purposes, like growing crops and raising cattle. So they come, seize pieces of land, cut down trees and start cultivating the land. So many animals were, kind of, forced away. They had to leave their native habitats and find new hunting areas… That’s not really a nice thing.Int: And what’s happening to the people who actually live around the forest area?Ben: You know when you tend to interfere in a wild animal’s habitat you somehow create an imbalance between people and animals. And sometimes it’s not really a nice thing because animals tend to come close to where people live, which is really threatening.Int: So, do they attack people?Ben: Not that they really attack settlements but they do come in packs, groups, prides or herds constantly migrating from one place to another because of deforestation. So people are vulnerable at any time.Int: You mean, if I lived there, I could be chased by an angry rhinoceros or an elephant?Ben: No, actually they don’t chase people because most of the time they just pass by. But at times you come into contact with an unusual animal. You know animals live in packs, so when one animal is rejected from its pack, it’s an angry animal. It cannot join the other packs so it attacks anything and is extremely dangerous. It should not be disturbed. People can do nothing to help it. Anyone who dares to approach it is almost certainly doomed.Int: Wow! Sounds horrible! I suppose no one would dare to try to catch these wild animals ... Well, but what actually causes deforestation?Ben: People burn wood to produce charcoal and sell it, because, as you know, people there have very poor living conditions, and they try hard to earn an extra dime to support their families. Charcoal is in great demand for cooking and other odd jobs, so people don’t even have to travel anywhere to sell it. It’s a good job. But it’s so destructive.Int: So what’s being done to try and remedy this, or to try and counterbalance the effect?Ben: There are three or four large activist groups that are coming together to discuss how to reduce damage to the environment. You all know the Nobel Prize winner Wangari Maathai who is a leader of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. She’s been trying to discourage people from destroying forests for a long time and to explain what deforestation does to the country and the environment in general and how it affects people in the forest areas. She teaches people to adjust to new conditions and environments. She moves with the times. Wangari supports National parks, conservation areas and safari parks in the country. She helps organize small businesses to learn to earn from ecotourism in the forest areas.Int: Look, I’ve always wanted to go to Africa and I’m just wondering, if that whole safari business ... is really good; if everything you see on the BBC Wildlife channel, you know, documentaries, is true to life.Ben: It’s not a cliché, but it’s something you have to experience when you get there on safari. The BBC has never lied to their viewers.Int: Wow! So I could be just out there ... driving around in my car and on my own just seeing all those animals?Ben: I am afraid they won’t let you drive in your own car. They provide services for you. We have in Kenya an institute called the KWS: the Kenya Wildlife Service and it has its own wardens that are highly trained to protect you when you’re in the forest. You just say where and when you want to go, what places and animals you would like to see. Tours are kind of regulated. For example, you will never be allowed to come close to feeding the animals.Int: All right.

You have 15 seconds to complete the task. (Pause 15 seconds.)Now you will hear the text again. (Repeat.)This is the end of the task. You now have 15 seconds to check your answers.(Pause 15 seconds.)