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BMO and Laurentian also announced increases this week

Ron Charles reports on why banks raised rates and what happens next 5:00

TD Bank has joined the rest of Canada's big banks in hiking mortgage rates.

Its special five-year rate increased to 3.79 per cent on Thursday, up 10 basis points from 3.69, with the closed five-year rate now at 5.14 per cent.

On Wednesday, the Royal Bank said it is increasing several of its residential mortgage rates, including fixed posted rates as well as special-offer rates. It was following Bank of Montreal which raised some of its mortgage rates Tuesday.

For the most part, Canada's largest bank is increasing the rates by 20 basis points, with its fixed five-year closed mortgage rising to 5.34 per cent and its five-year special rate to 3.89 per cent.

The rate changes are effective Thursday.

Other rates rising 0.2 percentage points include the bank's posted three- and four-year closed rates to 3.95 per cent and 4.74 per cent, respectively.

Royal's special offer four-year closed rate also goes up 20 basis points to 3.59 per cent, its seven-year special offer closed rate by 20 basis points to 4.19 per cent and its 10-year special offer closed rate to by 30 basis points to 4.59 per cent.

The five-year fixed closed rate and the five-year special fixed closed rate are now both 3.79 per cent.

Homeowners' monthly costs will rise

Laurentian Bank has also raised its rates, announcing on Wednesday 20-basis point boosts to its three-year, four-year and five-year fixed rates.

The rates are now 3.95 per cent, 4.74 per cent and 5.34 per cent, respectively.

Rising rates push up the average monthly costs faced by homeowners. A rise of 20 basis points means an increase in mortgage payments of $60 to $100 a month on a mortgage of $500,000. That's money homeowners won't have to put into other spending, including cars and home improvements.

In the past five months, banks have increased interest rates by more than a third, from less than three per cent to around 3.79 per cent. For most homeowners that means monthly costs are up eight to 10 per cent.

With many Canadians carrying a heavy debt load, rising mortgage rates can make housing less affordable for some families.

Younger generation never saw high rates

This generation of Canadians has never experienced high or even rising interest rates and may be surprised at the higher costs they face, said Benjamin Tal of CIBC World Markets economics department.

"The government has been trying to slow down the market for three-four years and now interest rates are joining the game. Now we have a situation in which especially young families in Canada will feel the pain," he told CBC News.

At this point, short-term rates look more attractive for most prospective buyers, Tal said.

"So far we haven’t seen any increase in the prime rate in Canada because short-term interest rates are not rising and won’t be rising any time soon at least until mid or early 2015, so you see long-term rates are rising and short-term rates are remaining where they are," he said.

However, he warns short-term rates may rise faster once they start to move upward. He expects the Bank of Canada may be ready to raise the prime rate in about a year.

More rate hikes to come

Ben Rabidoux, an analyst with market research North Cove Advisors, said rates are definitely on the rise and will probably go up again in the next four to six months.

"Where we are right now, we’re still at extremely low interest rates historically. On the general trend, they’re going to jump and over the long term there is no question that they will be up," he told CBC News.

But Rabidoux doesn’t expect the rate hike will affect housing prices until later in the fall, because many Canadians rushed to buy homes ahead of this round of hikes.

"A lot of the sales activity we’ve seen in the past month and a half is I think related to people who were rushing to beat the rate hikes. These rate hikes were very well telegraphed by the mortgage industry," he said.

Those buyers locked in their rates 30 to 60 days ago and the impact on housing prices won’t be felt until a new round of prospective homeowners discover how much more expensive it is to carry a mortgage.

Many factors could send rates lower

Mortgage broker Marcus Tzaferis said the rates could even fall, though he expects they will flutter around the same level — around four per cent for the next year.

"There are many things that we should be concerned about that could impact on rates and bring them down," he said.

The housing market is a significant portion of Canadian GDP, he points out, and the high yields on bonds could ride on what happens to it.

Housing sales, Canadian employment and overall GDP growth are all factors that could send bond yields down again. Yields are also very sensitive to the U.S. economy and Fed pronouncements, Tzaferis said.

Fixed 5-year mortgage rates

A graph of interest rates for fixed 5-year mortgages from 2008 to 2013 shows they remain relatively low, despite recent increases by several banks. Data source: Bank of Canada. (CBC)