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The testis is the primary organ of male reproduction while the spermatozoa, or simply ‘sperm’, is the product of the reproductive activities of the testes. The sperm is produced in the testes through a cycle/processes known as spermatogenesis and is stored in the epididymis. This process of spermatogenesis, takes about 74 days from the primitive cells called spermatogonia to the matured sperm cell. The development throughout this cycle is greatly influenced by a number of hormones, such as Lutenizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), testosterone and others. Finally, the matured sperm cells in the testis are non-motile and incapable of fertilization until they get to the epididymis for storage and distribution, where they undergo the final maturation to become motile and fully capable of fertilization. It should also be understood that, though the adult testis is located in the scrotum behind the testis, it actually develops, during fetal life, in the abdomen and only descends to its final position just before birth.

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