babel works fine with LuaTeX as far as I can tell. At least with frenchb, I haven't had any issues.

Besides fontspec (which also works with XeTeX), there's more and more packages that use Lua to provide features. As an example, I have recently released the impnattypo package which has some LuaTeX specific features (thanks to Patrick), and I have more coming (such as the unreleased overcolored package).

Similar to the MWE in the linked XeLaTeX question,
here is a MWE for LuaLaTeX.
It uses the ifluatex package to allow switching between pdfLaTeX and LuaLaTeX (remember to delete all .aux files).
I used the fonts from the Microsoft ClearType fonts,
because they look good on screen and printed.

I would suggest to not use the ClearType fonts as a default as they are—as far as I know—only provided in Windows. Hence using the TeX Gyre fonts or the Libertine might be a better solution for the MWE as they come bundled with TeX Live (and I think MikTeX too) and therefore are available on most TeX installations.
– Stephan LukasczykSep 30 '15 at 16:12

You can also install these fonts on Linux: venutip.com/content/installing-vista-fonts-ubuntu and they seem to be very complete, also they match nicely together. Also, I frequently include pdf graphics generated with Excel, so I definetly want to use a font that is available system wide. If you have a better suggestion, feel free to edit my answer.
– matthOct 1 '15 at 7:10

2

I am aware of the fact that one could install them on Linux but reading the guide you linked, it doesn't seem to be a thing one wants to do to just make a MWE running. My point is to use a font in the MWE that comes with TeX Live or MikTeX, such as TeX Gyre or Libertine. Using them you won't need to install anything more but your TeX distribution to use the MWE.
– Stephan LukasczykOct 1 '15 at 11:56

1

Yes, MWEs should work without further effort, especially without something like installing fonts from another OS.
– JPiMar 21 '16 at 13:00