Archive for July 2nd, 2007

It is difficult for members of the public to recognize and appreciate the degree to which a double standard exists in the drunk driving field. The laws are increasingly unrealistic, procedures unfair, evidence unreliable and constitutional protections largely ignored. An example of this was demonstrated in a United States Supreme Court decision three years ago (Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. 1).

The Court was faced with the appeal of Josue Leocal, a lawful permanent resident of 20 years, who pleaded guilty to DUI with injury. As a result, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) commenced proceedings to have him deported as an alien convicted of an â€œaggravated felonyâ€. The INS regulations defined an aggravated felony as â€œa crime of violenceâ€, which in turn is defined as â€œan offense that has as an element the useâ€¦of physical force against the person or property of another.â€ An Immigration Judge ordered the deportation, and the Board of Immigration Appeals upheld the order. Leocal went to the U.S. Court of Appeals, which promptly denied his petition for review.

Fortunately, the Supreme Court reversed the deportation order. In a rare unanimous decision, the Court stated the obvious: DUI is not a crime of violence, even if someone is injured in its commission. A deportable â€œcrime of violenceâ€, the Court said, required â€œa higher mens rea [mental state] than the merely accidental or negligent conduct involved in a DUI offense.â€ In other words, the requirement of â€œthe use of physical force againstâ€ a person necessarily involves the intent to use that force. Put simply: How can you be accidentally violent?

The point here, of course, is that the everyone right up to the Supreme Court of the United States was perfectly willing to twist the clear wording of the law when the politically unpopular crime of drunk driving was involved. At every level, the nationsâ€™s agencies and courts pretended that a crime clearly involving no intent was, in fact, a crime involving the intentional commission of a violent act against someone.