Oculothorax

A subtrope of Cephalothorax, a character's body is primarily an eyeball. Common variants include a character made of several smaller eyes around one giant center eye or a single eyeball above a wide mouth. A third common variation is a single disembodied eye with a pair of demonic wings. These creatures will generally move by simply floating in the air like a bubble if wingless. If they have limbs, they tend towards tentacles or wings rather than arms and legs. May attack using special eye-related attacks such as petrifying gaze or Eye Beams. Because of the symbolism between disembodied eyes and evil creatures like this are more often evil than not. It is also a good way to make them appear truly alien.

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Anime and Manga

One of Demon Detective Neuro's 777 Tools of Hell is Evil Friday, a swarm of little eyeballs with legs that he can see through. While most commonly used for research, reconnaissance, and tracking, they're shown to have lives and personalities of their own, and one memorable aside shows that they enjoy participating in racing. Why Evil Friday? Who knows?

In the Tokko manga, Kureha keeps a little pet phantom in her jacket pocket that is basically just an eyeball with legs.

Film

One of the monsters in Voyage Into Space was a giant floating eyeball.

The Mad Scientist in Freaked had, as his trusty lieutenants, a pair of Rastafarian, machine gun-using eyeballs the height of a normal person. The inherent flaw of such a guardian became apparent when the hero discovers how well A Handful for An Eye works on someone who is all eye.

Pee-wee's Playhouse once hosted Roger the Monster, a big eye with a mouth underneath, all attached to a foot-like body. Although friendly, it made few appearances, probably due to the prop's cumbersome nature.

Tabletop Games

The Eye of the Deep: An underwater Beholder-like creature with a large central eye that sends out a blinding flash of light that dazzles and stuns its victims.

Floating Eye: A fish with a single large eye that hypnotizes its target.

Eyewing: A creature of the Abyss with bat wings and an 8 foot long rat's tail. Has a 4 foot wide eye that weeps an acidic, poisonous blue liquid. The liquid forms into a 1 foot diameter sphere when the Eyewing drops it on its target below.

The MARDEK series has several floating eyeball monsters, most of them Palette Swaps based on element, but in a bit of a twist they each usually have a "polyp" form as an eyeball stuck to the ground with a stem that is explained to eventually grow into the floating eyeball form.

Many of the bosses in the Kirby series are like this. In no particular order, there's Kracko, Dark Matter, Dark Nebula, Zero, Zero-Two, Drawcia Soul, and Dark Mind's second form.

Small, medium, and large in Terraria: Servants of Cthulhu, Floating Eyes, and the Eye of Cthulhu.

The Oculons in Ascendancy (although like most of the other examples here, they're a race of chivalrous astronomers, rather than being evil or otherwise disturbing.)

Subverted with Roggenrola from Pokémon. What looks like its eye is actually its ear.

The old Might and Magic verse had Evil Eyes/Beholders, who are heads with a single giant eye floating on tentacles, optionally with additional eyes on eyestalks. They were created by a mad mage to serve as living weapons, and do well in that role, even if they hadn't entered service by the time the war they were made for ended.

Devil World has Medaman, who thanks to a Japanese Visual Pun turns into a fried egg when defeated by fire breath.