The Government and Political System in Qatar

Qatar is an absolute monarchy, where the Emir is both head of state and government. Since its independence in 1971, all the emirs came from the Al Thani family. Currently the state is being transformed from the traditional to a modern welfare one. In 1970 the local customs based on the Islamic Wahhabi traditions, have been legally established as the Basic Law of Qatar. The law recognizes the Emir as the paramount ruler guided by the traditions of consultation, ruling by consensus and granting his subject's right to personally appeal to him. Government departments have been created to handle the country’s social concerns and economic progress.

While accountable to no one, the ruler cannot violate the Sharia or Islamic law. In ruling the kingdom, the Emir relies on the opinions of the Advisory Council. Members of this council are selected from leading notables and religious institutions. They assist in the enactment of laws and making of state policies. In relation to the head of state, they are not elected but appointed to their position.

The legal system is based on the discretion of the Emir; civil codes however are also being enforced. Islamic laws are also important and followed especially in regards to personal matters.

There are no national elections and political parties are forbidden by the state. But there are municipal elections. In order to qualify, voters may either be male or female and at least 18 years old and above. While members of the municipal council are elected, they have no executive powers. They can only offer their advice to the government minister concerned.

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