Rabbiner-Seminar Fuer das Orthodoxe Judentum

Encyclopaedia Judaica
COPYRIGHT 2007 Thomson Gale

RABBINER-SEMINAR FUER DAS ORTHODOXE JUDENTUM
, the Rabbinical Seminary for Orthodox Judaism, founded in 1873 in Berlin by Azriel (Israel)
*Hildesheimer
to promote
Torah im Derekh Ereẓ
(the combination of loyalty to Judaism with awareness of modern culture and method). For the next seven decades rabbinic and lay leaders emerged from that institution whose influence extended over four continents. Throughout his career Hildesheimer had to fight opponents from the left and the right. He inspired his disciples by his life and learning. After having headed the seminary for 26 years, Hildesheimer was followed by
David *Hoffmann
,
Joseph *Wohlgemuth
, and
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. The students attended classes both at the seminar and at the university, and the curriculum included Bible, Talmud, Jewish philosophy, and other subjects. Hildesheimer's faculty was made up of distinguished scholars. Among them were
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,
Abraham *Berliner
,
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(son of the founder),
Simon *Eppenstein
, Moses Auerbach, and
Samuel *Gruenberg
. The seminary's annual reports (
Jahresberichte
, 1873–1915; 1935–36) contained a series of important scholarly studies by the members of its teaching staff. The seminary was the center of modern Orthodoxy, which combined loyalty to traditional Judaism with the recognition of the need for scientific method (most of the graduates obtained a doctorate in philosophy). Many graduates, among them
Joseph *Carlebach
and
Leo *Deutschlander
, attained continental fame through their educational work in
Eastern Europe
, while many others built
Torah im Derekh Ereẓ
congregations in Germany, France, and beyond their frontiers. The seminary, which started as a German-Hungarian enterprise, was greatly enriched in its last two decades by two Lithuanian scholars on its faculty:
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, who died at a young age, and Jehiel Jacob Weinberg, a great talmudist. In 1934 plans were prepared to transfer the seminary to Palestine, but the proposal had to be abandoned owing to the opposition of extreme Orthodox elements there to the concept of a modern rabbinical seminary. The institution closed in November 1938 shortly after the
Kristallnacht
pogrom. The greater part of its library was transferred to
Tel Aviv
. The principal fruits of the seminary's work was the training of German rabbis to counter the tide of religious liberalism.

BERLIN — Chancellor Angela Merkel, who staked her legacy on welcoming hundreds of thousands of migrants into Germany, agreed on Monday to build border camps for asylum seekers and to tighten the border with Austria in a political deal to save her government.

It was a spectacular turnabout for a leader who has been seen as the standard-bearer of the liberal European order but who has come under intense pressure at home from the far right and from conservatives in her governing coalition over her migration policy.

Although the move to appease the conservatives exposed her growing political weakness, Ms. Merkel will limp on as chancellor. For how long is unclear. The nationalism and anti-migrant sentiment that has challenged multilateralism elsewhere in Europe is taking root — fast — in mainstream German politics.

Migration to Europe Is Slowing, but the Political Issue Is as Toxic as Ever

German Hard-Liners Want to Close Borders, Threatening Merkel Coalition

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