The world of being (change less), the world of becoming (ever changing)

Socrates quote on human existence is?

The examined life is not worth living

Aristotle

substance, union of matter and form

Four causes

material, formal, efficient, and final

epistemology

concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge

Rationalism

Reason is root of knowledge

Empitisism

Sense experience root of knowledge

Kant was the philosopher for

categorical imperative and practical imperative

categorical imperative states?

act only on maximums that can be universalized (evaluating motivations for action)

Practical imperative

Treat all persons always as ends them selves, never as means only

Aristotle: According to Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics how does man attain moral virtue?

man is to aim at the median in emotions and actions to attain moral virtue- so the morally virtuous life consists in living in moderation according to the "golden mean" - in contrast intellectual virtues can be taught directly but moral virtues must be lived in order to be learned

virtue

excellence of character

virtue

golden rule, know thy self, act as if associated with virtuous people

7 Virtues

Wisdom, Courage, Moderation, Justice, Faith, Hope, Charity

eudmonia

wholeness, completness, fullfillment

Golden mean

virtue are midpoints between two existence vices, one an excess, the other a deficiency

Know Thy Self

understanding one's nature, limitations, abilities, and motives.

act as if associated with virtuous people

virtue

Rationlist Philosopher Descartes famous quote

I think therefore i am

Empirisit

John Loke

Kant-

Knowledge is sense experience organized and structured by the minds in a hard wire categories

Thomas Aquinas is known for?

Teleological Argument and cosmological

Teleological Argument states

the teleological systems in nature require a supernatural intelligent creator

Cosmological

the dependent universe must rely on an independent creator for its continued existience

Ontological Argument

god the being than whom no greater can be conceived. (God's possibility implies his actually)

egonism

pursue of one's self interest in the only mearsure of good and evil (selfishness)

Glaucon said

better to seem virtuous than be virtuous

Hobes stated that egonism leads to?

war of all against all life of man salutary, poor, nasty, rootish and short

Utilitarism Philosopher Jeremy Beatham states that

humans are pleasure seekers and pain avoiders.

Utility

balance of pleasure over pain. maximize the most overall utility

Deontology famous Philosopher

Kant

kant states that goodwill

strive to do your duty just because it is your duty.

Inductive reasoning

is reasoning in which the premises seeds to supply strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion

Deductive reasoning

the process of reasoning from one or more general statements to reach a logically certain conlclusion

valid argument

the conclusion is entailed by, or logically follows from the premises. Example- All cats are reptiles. Bugs Bunny is a cat. So Bugs Bunny is a reptile.