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One of the inventors, Hugh McLaughlin, has developed a recycling technique that uses waste products as fuel, which could make ethanol production more efficient, he says. “A corn-to-ethanol plant currently produces a million gallons a day of this [waste by-product], and there’s really no profitable outlet for it,” he says. “This is going to allow them to harvest that million gallons a day and recycle it effectively.”

His process uses activated carbon – the same material found in gas masks and home water purifiers – to promote the oxidation of materials that, at normal burning temperatures, undergo reactions that prevent them from combusting well, McLaughlin says.

Chemists have long known that activated carbon adsorbs organic molecules. It also has a very high surface area – around one million square meters in a two-liter container of activated carbon. McLaughlin found that oxygen will react with organic molecules on this surface at certain temperatures, creating what he refers to as “a flame one molecule high,” but spread out over a square kilometer.

To optimize the burning process, McLaughlin made a rotating cylinder to turn over chunks of the activated carbon in the presence of organic material, while air is pumped in through the center. One possible organic fuel, mayonnaise-textured “stillage,” a by-product produced during the conversion of corn to ethanol, heats up in the container and infiltrates the pores of the carbon to make the oxidation possible. So far, he has produced a device using a canister not much bigger than a kitchen wastebasket, but he’s developing one that will hold 900 kilograms of activated carbon. An industrial scale system could be the size of a propane tank on a tractor-trailer that will use 20 million kilograms of carbon a year, he says.

“Most of the applications in industry are going to take this waste stream, harvest the energy out of it, and use that heat right back in the production facility to cut down on the outside resources they have to consume,” McLaughlin says. The process could heat the facility, or create steam to generate electricity. “What’s then produced is a fertilizer that they could recycle back into the fields,” he says.

Like many of the other semi-finalists, McLaughlin hopes the contest will help him bridge the gap between early prototypes and wide-scale industry adoption of the technology. Right now, he says, the attitude in industry is “Show me that it works, and if it does, I’ll buy the next one. There really isn’t a good mechanism to cultivate some of these industrial ideas.”

McLaughlin’s invention – along with the other 24 finalists’ prototypes, including a remote-controlled system for reining in a horse, a robotic system for fast house construction, and a “wearable motherboard” for monitoring the health of soldiers – are on display now at the Museum of Science in Boston.

The winner will be announced when the exhibit travels to New York on May 24. Dean Kamen, famed inventor of the Segway personal transport and numerous medical devices, including a portable dialysis system, opened the exhibit in Boston this week, exhorting an audience of mostly school-aged children to study hard, yet keep their imaginations alive.

“You can get any fact you want on Google in seconds,” he said in an interview. “Having the facts doesn’t matter as much as having the imagination to know what to do with those facts. How do you connect the dots in a way that solves world problems?”

Kamen says this independent inventors award could encourage children to pursue science and technology. “In a free society, you get what you celebrate. So let’s celebrate things with content, then we’ll have our kids passionate to be the best at something – and it will be the things that matter. In Boston, we keep naming tunnels after people who can hit a rock with a stick. When are we going to name a tunnel after the guy who figured out how to make it possible?”

Blockchain is changing how the world does business, whether you’re ready or not. Learn from the experts at Business of Blockchain 2019.

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My reporting as MIT Technology Review’s senior editor for materials has taken me, among other places, to the oil-rich deserts of the Middle East and to China, where mountains are being carved away to build the looming cities.… More

Growing up, I lived for a time in the Philippines, where I knew people who lit their tiny homes with single lantern batteries or struggled to breathe through the dense diesel fumes of Manila, so I have a feel for the pressing need around the world for both cheap energy and clean energy.

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