فهرست مطالب

Sleep is one of the components of mental and physical health in old age and many factors can affect sleep hygiene in older adults.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of sleep hygiene in older adults and its related factors.

Methods

This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2017 with 598 people aged 60 years and older living in Kermanshah, Iran, selected through random cluster sampling. Data collection tool was a questionnaire with two parts: demographic characteristics (personal and disease) and sleep hygiene index. SPSS software-16, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (nonparametric tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis) were used to analyze the data. The significance level in all of the tests was P < 0.05.

All HIV-infected patients (100%) had positive EBV VCA-IgG antibody while 57(91.9%) in the controls were positive (P = 0.02). There was no statistically significant relationship between CD4 cell count and the prevalence of EBV infection in HIV-infected patients (P = 0.4). However, there was a statistically significant relationship between the reduced CD4 cell count and rising EBV VCA-IgG antibody titer (P = 0.001). Moreover, there was no significant association between the prevalence of EBV infection and variables of age, sex and anti-retrovirus therapy in HIV-infected patients (P > 0.05). There was also a significant association between the antibody titer and antiretroviral therapy (P = 0.004).

Conclusions

The high prevalence of EBV infection in HIV-infected patients, especially in the patients with a low CD4 count, could lead to high risk of EBV complications.

The prevalence of central and general obesity is increasing to epidemic levels and turning to a social health problem. A possible association may exist between nutritional adequacy and obesity.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of general and central obesity with diet quality in Iranian women by 2010 version of Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010).

Methods

A total of 460 women aged 20 - 50 years old participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake data was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric assessment was performed by standard methods and HEI-2010 was used to investigate diet quality. The association between HEI-2010 and general/central obesity was analyzed by logistic regression.

Results

The frequency of general and central obesity was 31 (15.1%) and 95 (21.5%), respectively. Of the participants, 330 (74.8%) had a low HEI-2010 total score. After adjusting for confounders, those with the high HEI-2010 total score had lower risk of central obesity (OR = 0.3; CI 95%: 0.14 - 0.70); however, the results were not significant for general obesity. Among the components of HEI-2010, the scores of dairy, total vegetables, empty calorie foods, refined grains and sodium were negatively associated with both general and central obesity (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Lower risk of general and abdominal obesity is associated with a higher quality of dietary intake. Furthermore, the nutrition education programs for preventing obesity should be emphasized to promote higher intakes of dairy, fruits and vegetables and preventing high consumption of energy-dense foods and sodium.

Although some studies have shown the effectiveness of music therapy on insomnia (secondary insomnia), no study has so far investigated the effectiveness of music therapy with Persian traditional music on the treatment of primary insomnia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy with Persian traditional music on the treatment of primary insomnia.

Methods

This study was a controlled clinical trial with 30 participants with primary insomnia. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention (N = 15) and control (N = 15) groups. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), insomnia severity index (ISI), and depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-21) were used to evaluate the intervention results. Anxiety, stress, depression, insomnia and sleep quality were measured before and six weeks after the intervention.

Results

One-way ANCOVA results showed that music therapy with Persian traditional music significantly improved insomnia, sleep quality and depression in the intervention group. There was however no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety and stress.

Conclusions

Persian traditional music can be used as an effective and cost-effective way to improve sleep quality and reduce depression associated with primary insomnia.

Cerebrovascular accidents are the most prevalent debilitating neurological disease and the third leading cause of death in the world. Although the incidence of stroke increases with age, its prevalence is growing in the young.

Objectives

In the present study the incidence of ischemic stroke and its associated risk factors was investigated in young adults in the city of Kermanshah, Iran over a seven-year period.

Methods

The present study was conducted on 122 patients below the age of 45 years who hospitalized with ischemic stroke in the Department of Neurology of Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah between 2007 and 2014. Data, including age, gender, history of hypertension, smoking status, the history of heart disease, taking high-risk medications, the history of internal diseases, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and causes of stroke were recorded in the designed a checklist.

Results

The incidence of ischemic stroke had been growing in individuals under the age of 45 years in Kermanshah during 2007 - 2014. The mean and standard deviation of age was 37.33 ± 7.05 years among participants. They included 57 female (46.7%) and 65 males (53.3%). The most prevalent risk factors in the study patients respectively comprised the history of hypertension (30.3%), smoking status (28.7%), the history of heart disease (26.2%), taking high-risk medications (23.8%), the history of internal diseases (22.9%), hyperlipidemia (20.5%) and diabetes mellitus (18.8%). Early atherosclerosis (23.8%) was also found to be the most common cause of ischemic stroke in these patients.

Conclusions

There is a considerable increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke in young people. Control of the risk factors, raising public awareness, and changing lifestyle are crucial for preventing cerebrovascular accidents and their associated complications and death.

The results revealed a significant difference in troponin I in pre-test immediately and 1 hour after exercise, but 24 hours and 48 hours after, it returned to baseline. There was also a significant difference in troponin T and CK-MB in pre-test immediately and 1 hour and 24 hours after exercise, but they returned to baseline after 48 hours.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that resistance exercise may lead to an increase in cardiac troponin and CK iso-enzyme. However, it seems to be a temporary increment and do not cause cardiac damage.

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a uncommon disease caused by a mutation in the GNAS1 gene and is associated with exposure to dysplasia of polypropylene fibers (PFD), Café-au-lait spots and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies mostly including hyperthyroidism and precocious puberty (PP). The present article describes an eight-year-old boy presenting to a physician for the first time at the age of four owing to recurrent pathological fractures of the femur as well as hyperthyroidism, which was found in physical examinations to be associated with several nodules in the thyroid.