Gene transfer demonstrates that muscle is not a primary target for non-cell-autonomous toxicity in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive paralysis arising from the premature death of motor neurons. An inherited form is caused by a dominant mutation in the ubiquitously expressed superoxide dismutase (SOD1). SOD1 mutant expression within motor neurons is a determinant of onset and early disease, and mutant accumulation within microglia accelerates disease progression. Muscle also is a likely primary source for toxicity, because retraction of motor axons from synaptic connections to muscle is among the earliest presymptomatic events. To test involvement of muscle in ALS, viral delivery of transcription-mediated siRNA is shown to suppress mutant SOD1 accumulation within muscle alone but to be insufficient to maintain grip strength, whereas delivery to both motor neurons and muscle is sufficient. Use of a deletable mutant gene to diminish mutant SOD1 from muscle did not affect onset or survival. Finally, follistatin expression encoded by adeno-associated virus chronically inhibited myostatin and produced sustained increases in muscle mass, myofiber number, and fiber diameter, but these increases did not affect survival. Thus, SOD1-mutant-mediated damage within muscles is not a significant contributor to non-cell-autonomous pathogenesis in ALS, and enhancing muscle mass and strength provides no benefit in slowing disease onset or progression.

HPAN: A BioMed 21 IRC

The Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration (HPAN) is the most formalized of the Hope Center Research Groups. HPAN, led by Co-Directors Alison Goate and David Holtzman, is one of five Interdisciplinary Research Centers (IRCs) based in the new BJC Institute of Health. This group focuses on the shared mechanism of protein aggregation that underlies numerous neurological disorders. Read more about HPAN....