Background: 4-Hydroxyquinolin-2-ones and quinoline-2,4-diones, a subset of the quinolone scaffold, have attracted attention due to their biological properties. These structures are present in many classes of natural products and pharmaceutical agents and show promise in antiviral and antibacterial treatment. They possess anticonvulsive effects, selective affinity to cannabinoid receptors, and other interesting biological activity. Some of these compounds have the potential for protection and properties modification of natural as well as synthetic materials as antioxidants, antidegradants, antifungal agents, UV absorbers, optical brighteners, luminophores, etc. Objective: The importance of these compounds stimulated the development of innovative conventional and modern catalytic methods for their preparation. The present review highlights recent progress in the above subjects.