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Coagulation, the process of clot formation, involves platelet and blood clotting factors. In humans, the coagulation mechanism is comprised of two processes, i.e. the primary hemostasis and the secondary hemostasis. The latter entails two pathways: (1) intrinsic pathway (contact activation pathway) and (2) extrinsic pathway (tissue factor pathway). Both pathways lead to the formation of fibrin.

Factor V is synthesized from the liver and the platelets. The gene coding for factor V is located on the 1st chromosome, i.e. 1q23. It is involved in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Its activator is thrombin.