Supplemental Materials

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Summary

This timely revision of an all-time best-seller in the field features the clarity and scope of a Stallings classic. This comprehensive volume provides the most up-to-date coverage of the essential topics in data communications, networking, Internet technology and protocols, and standards - all in a convenient modular format. Features updated coverage of multimedia, Gigabit and 10 Gbps Ethernet, WiFi/IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, security, and much more. Ideal for professional reference or self-study. For Product Development personnel, Programmers, Systems Engineers, Network Designers and others involved in the design of data communications and networking products.

Table of Contents

Preface

xiii

Reader's Guide

1

(6)

Outline of the Book

2

(1)

Internet and Web Resources

2

(2)

Standards

4

(3)

PART ONE OVERVIEW

7

(44)

Data Communications and Networking Overview

9

(10)

A Communications Model

10

(3)

Data Communications

13

(1)

Data Communication Networking

14

(3)

An Example Configuration

17

(2)

Protocol Architecture

19

(32)

The Need for a Protocol Architecture

20

(1)

A Simple Protocol Architecture

21

(6)

OSI

27

(11)

The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

38

(6)

Recommended Reading and Web Site

44

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

45

(6)

Appendix 2A The Trivial File Transfer Protocol

47

(4)

PART TWO DATA COMMUNICATIONS

51

(244)

Data Transmission

55

(38)

Concepts and Terminology

57

(11)

Analog and Digital Data Transmission

68

(8)

Transmission Impairments

76

(5)

Channel Capacity

81

(6)

Recommended Reading

87

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

87

(6)

Appendix 3A Decibels and Signal Strength

90

(3)

Guided and Wireless Transmission

93

(36)

Guided Transmission Media

95

(12)

Wireless Transmission

107

(8)

Wireless Propagation

115

(4)

Line-of-Sight Transmission

119

(5)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

124

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

125

(4)

Signal Encoding Techniques

129

(42)

Digital Data, Digital Signals

131

(11)

Digital Data, Analog Signals

142

(10)

Analog Data, Digital Signals

152

(7)

Analog Data, Analog Signals

159

(6)

Recommended Reading

165

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

166

(5)

Digital Data Communication Techniques

171

(36)

Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission

173

(3)

Types of Errors

176

(1)

Error Detection

177

(8)

Error Correction

185

(6)

Line Configurations

191

(2)

Interfacing

193

(10)

Recommended Reading

203

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

204

(3)

Data Link Control

207

(34)

Flow Control

209

(6)

Error Control

215

(6)

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)

221

(7)

Recommended Reading

228

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

229

(12)

Appendix 7A Performance Issues

232

(9)

Multiplexing

241

(34)

Frequency Division Multiplexing

243

(7)

Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing

250

(10)

Statistical Time Division Multiplexing

260

(7)

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

267

(3)

xDSL

270

(2)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

272

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

272

(3)

Spread Spectrum

275

(20)

The Concept of Spread Spectrum

276

(1)

Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum

277

(5)

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

282

(5)

Code-Division Multiple Access

287

(4)

Recommended Reading

291

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

291

(4)

PART THREE WIDE AREA NETWORKS

295

(168)

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

297

(40)

Switching Networks

299

(1)

Circuit-Switching Networks

300

(4)

Circuit-Switching Concepts

304

(3)

Control Signaling

307

(9)

Softswitch Architecture

316

(2)

Packet-Switching Principles

318

(8)

X.25

326

(2)

Frame Relay

328

(5)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

333

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

334

(3)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

337

(30)

Protocol Architecture

338

(1)

ATM Logical Connections

339

(5)

ATM Cells

344

(6)

Transmission of ATM Cells

350

(3)

ATM Service Categories

353

(4)

ATM Adaptation Layer

357

(7)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

364

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

364

(3)

Routing in Switched Networks

367

(28)

Routing in Circuit-Switching Networks

368

(2)

Routing in Packet-Switching Networks

370

(15)

Least-Cost Algorithms

385

(5)

Recommended Reading

390

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

390

(5)

Congestion Control in Switched Data Networks

395

(36)

Effects of Congestion

397

(4)

Congestion Control

401

(3)

Traffic Management

404

(2)

Congestion Control in Packet-Switching Networks

406

(1)

Frame Relay Congestion Control

406

(6)

ATM Traffic Management

412

(13)

ATM-GFR Traffic Management

425

(2)

Recommended Reading

427

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

428

(3)

Cellular Wireless Networks

431

(32)

Principles of Cellular Networks

432

(13)

First-Generation Analog

445

(2)

Second-Generation CDMA

447

(8)

Third-Generation Systems

455

(4)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

459

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

460

(3)

PART FOUR LOCAL AREA NETWORKS

463

(106)

Local Area Network Overview

465

(34)

Background

466

(4)

Topologies and Transmission Media

470

(5)

LAN Protocol Architecture

475

(8)

Bridges

483

(7)

Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switches

490

(6)

Recommended Reading and Web Site

496

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

496

(3)

High-Speed LANs

499

(44)

The Emergence of High-Speed LANs

500

(2)

Ethernet

502

(14)

Token Ring

516

(4)

Fibre Channel

520

(5)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

525

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

526

(17)

Appendix 16A Digital Signal Encoding for LANs

528

(7)

Appendix 16B Performance Issues

535

(8)

Wireless LANs

543

(26)

Overview

544

(5)

Wireless LAN Technology

549

(4)

IEEE 802.11 Architecture and Services

553

(5)

IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control

558

(7)

IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer

565

(2)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

567

(1)

Key Terms and Review Questions

568

(1)

PART FIVE COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS

569

(220)

Internetwork Protocols

571

(44)

Basic Protocol Functions

572

(8)

Principles of Internetworking

580

(4)

Connectionless Internetworking

584

(8)

Internet Protocol

592

(8)

IPv6

600

(10)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

610

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

611

(4)

Internetwork Operation

615

(48)

Multicasting

617

(9)

Routing Protocols

626

(11)

Integrated Services Architecture

637

(11)

Differentiated Services

648

(9)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

657

(2)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

659

(4)

Transport Protocols

663

(42)

Connection-Oriented Transport Protocol Mechanisms

664

(19)

TCP

683

(8)

TCP Congestion Control

691

(9)

UDP

700

(2)

Recommended Reading

702

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

702

(3)

Network Security

705

(40)

Security Requirements and Attacks

707

(1)

Confidentiality with Symmetric Encryption

708

(9)

Message Authentication and Hash Functions

717

(7)

Public-Key Encryption and Digital Signatures

724

(7)

Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security

731

(5)

IPv4 and IPv6 Security

736

(5)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

741

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

741

(4)

Distributed Applications

745

(44)

Electronic Mail---SMTP and MIME

746

(16)

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

762

(13)

Network Management---SNMP

775

(10)

Recommended Reading and Web Sites

785

(1)

Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems

786

(3)

Appendix A RFCs Cited in This Book

789

(8)

Appendix B Fourier Analysis

B.1 Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals

791

(1)

B.2 Fourier Transform Representation of Aperiodic Signals

792

(4)

B.3 Recommended Reading

796

(1)

Appendix C Sockets Programming

797

(2)

Appendix D Projects for Teaching Data and Computer Communications

799

(4)

D.1 Simulation Projects

799

(1)

D.2 Performance Modeling

800

(1)

D.3 Research Projects

801

(1)

D.4 Reading/Report Assignments

801

(2)

Glossary

803

(12)

References

815

(8)

Index

823

Excerpts

OBJECTIVES This book attempts to provide a unified overview of the broad field of data and computer communications. The organization of the book reflects an attempt to break this massive subject into comprehensible parts and to build, piece by piece, a survey of the state of the art. The book emphasizes basic principles and topics of fundamental importance concerning the technology and architecture of this field and provides a detailed discussion of leading-edge topics. The following basic themes serve to unify the discussion: Principles:Although the scope of this book is broad, there are a number of basic principles that appear repeatedly as themes and that unify this field. Examples are multiplexing, flow control, and error control. The book highlights these principles and contrasts their application in specific areas of technology. Design approaches:The book examines alternative approaches to meeting specific communication requirements. Standards:Standards have come to assume an increasingly important, indeed dominant, role in this field. An understanding of the current status and future direction of technology requires a comprehensive discussion of the related standards. PLAN OF THE TEXT The book is divided into five parts: In addition, the book includes an extensive glossary, a list of frequently used acronyms, and a bibliography. Each chapter includes problems and suggestions for further reading. The book is intended for both an academic and a professional audience. For the professional interested in this field, the book serves as a basic reference volume and is suitable for self-study. As a textbook, it can be used for a one-semester or two-semester course. It covers the material in the Communication and Networking core course of the joint ACM/IEEE Computing Curricula 2001. The chapters and parts of the book are sufficiently modul to provide a great deal of flexibility in the design of courses. The following are suggestions for course design: Fundamentals of Data Communications:Parts One (overview) and Two (data communications) and Chapters 10 and 11 (circuit switching, packet switching, and ATM). Communications Networks:If the student has a basic background in data communications, then this course could cover Parts One (overview), Three (WAN), and Four (LAN). Computer Networks:If the student has a basic background in data communications, then this course could cover Part One (overview), Chapters 6 and 7 (data communication techniques and data link control), and Part Five (protocols). In addition, a more streamlined course that covers the entire book is possible by eliminating certain chapters that are not essential on a first reading. Chapters that could be optional are Chapters 3 (data transmission) and 4 (transmission media), if the student has a basic understanding of these topics; Chapter 8 (multiplexing); Chapter 9 (spread spectrum); Chapters 12 through 14 (routing, congestion control, cellular networks); Chapter 18 (internetworking); and Chapter 21 (network security). INTERNET SERVICES FOR INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS There is a Web site for this book that provides support for students and instructors. The site includes links to other relevant sites, transparency masters of figures in the book, and sign-up information for the book's Internet mailing list. The Web page is at WilliamStallings.com/DCC/DCC7e.html; see the section, "Web Site for Data and Computer Communications," preceding the Table of Contents, for more information. An Internet mailing list has been set up so that instructors using this book can exchange information, suggestions, and questions with each other and with the author. As soon as typos or other errors are discovered, an errata list for this book will be available at WilliamStalling