Summary

This is a major revision of the leading text for the introduction to hearing and hearing disorders course required of all SLP/A majors. Known for its in-depth coverage of the physics of sound, anatomy and physiology of the auditory system, causes and treatment of hearing disorders, and the relevant diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, Introduction to Audiology is now augmented by an instructional CD-ROM.The accompanying CD-ROM features visual and auditory demonstrations, samples of audiograms representing different kinds of hearing loss, different sound stimuli, and filtered speech to simulate sensorineural hearing loss. It also includes an extensive literature section with useful forms, addresses of organizations, publishers, lists of books of special interest, and much more.

Table of Contents

Foreword

p. xi

Preface

p. xiii

How to Use This Book

p. xv

How to Use the CD-ROM

p. xvii

About the Authors

p. xxi

Elements of Audiology

p. 1

The Profession of Audiology

p. 3

Learning Objectives

p. 3

The Evolution of Audiology

p. 3

Licensing and Certification

p. 5

Prevalence and Impact of Hearing Loss

p. 5

A Blending of Art and Science

p. 7

Audiology Specialties

p. 8

Employment Settings

p. 10

Professional Societies

p. 10

Summary

p. 12

Study Questions

p. 12

References

p. 12

Suggested Readings

p. 13

The Human Ear and Simple Tests of Hearing

p. 14

Learning Objectives

p. 14

Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear

p. 15

Pathways of Sound

p. 15

Types of Hearing Loss

p. 17

Hearing Tests

p. 17

Tuning Fork Tests

p. 18

Summary

p. 22

Study Questions

p. 23

Suggested Readings

p. 23

Sound and Its Measurement

p. 25

Learning Objectives

p. 25

Sound

p. 26

Waves

p. 26

Vibrations

p. 29

Frequency

p. 30

Resonance

p. 32

Sound Velocity

p. 32

Wavelength

p. 33

Phase

p. 34

Complex Sounds

p. 35

Intensity

p. 38

The Decibel

p. 40

Environmental Sounds

p. 46

Psychoacoustics

p. 47

Impedance

p. 51

Sound Measurement

p. 51

Summary

p. 64

Study Questions

p. 64

References

p. 64

Suggested Readings

p. 64

Hearing Assessment

p. 67

Pure-Tone Audiometry

p. 69

Learning Objectives

p. 69

The Pure-Tone Audiometer

p. 70

Test Environment

p. 70

The Patient's Role in Manual Pure-Tone Audiometry

p. 74

The Clinician's Role in Manual Pure-Tone Audiometry

p. 76

Air-Conduction Audiometry

p. 78

Bone-Conduction Audiometry

p. 87

Audiogram Interpretation

p. 90

Masking

p. 97

The Audiometric Weber Test

p. 107

Automatic Audiometry

p. 109

Computerized Audiometry

p. 109

Summary

p. 110

Study Questions

p. 110

References

p. 110

Suggested Readings

p. 112

Speech Audiometry

p. 113

Learning Objectives

p. 113

The Diagnostic Audiometer

p. 114

Test Environment

p. 114

The Patient's Role in Speech Audiometry

p. 114

The Clinician's Role in Speech Audiometry

p. 115

Speech-Threshold Testing

p. 116

Masking for SRT

p. 122

Bone-Conduction SRT

p. 125

Most Comfortable Loudness Level

p. 125

Uncomfortable Loudness Level

p. 126

Range of Comfortable Loudness

p. 126

Speech-Recognition Testing

p. 126

Computerized Speech Audiometry

p. 140

Summary

p. 140

Study Questions

p. 144

References

p. 144

Suggested Readings

p. 146

Diagnostic Hearing Tests

p. 148

Learning Objectives

p. 148

Acoustic Immittance

p. 149

Acoustic Reflexes

p. 158

Otoacoustic Emissions

p. 165

Auditory Evoked Potentials

p. 168

A Historical Note

p. 181

Summary

p. 183

Study Questions

p. 184

References

p. 184

Suggested Readings

p. 185

Hearing Tests for Children

p. 187

Learning Objectives

p. 187

Auditory Responses

p. 188

Identifying Hearing Loss in Infants under 3 Months of Age

p. 189

Objective Testing in Routine Pediatric Hearing Evaluation

p. 195

Behavioral Testing of Children from Birth to Approximately 2 Years of Age

p. 198

Behavioral Testing of Children Approximately 2 to 5 Years of Age

p. 202

Language Disorders

p. 208

Auditory Processing Disorders

p. 209

Psychological Disorders

p. 210

Developmental Disabilities

p. 210

Identifying Hearing Loss in the Schools

p. 211

Nonorganic Hearing Loss in Children

p. 215

Summary

p. 216

Study Questions

p. 216

References

p. 216

Suggested Readings

p. 219

Hearing Disorders

p. 221

The Outer Ear

p. 223

Learning Objectives

p. 223

Anatomy and Physiology of the Outer Ear

p. 223

Development of the Outer Ear

p. 229

Hearing Loss and the Outer Ear

p. 229

Disorders of the Outer Ear and Their Treatments

p. 230

Summary

p. 238

Study Questions

p. 238

References

p. 238

Suggested Readings

p. 238

The Middle Ear

p. 240

Learning Objectives

p. 240

Anatomy and Physiology of the Middle Ear

p. 240

Development of the Middle Ear

p. 247

Hearing Loss and the Middle Ear

p. 247

Disorders of the Middle Ear and Their Treatments

p. 248

Other Causes of Middle-Ear Hearing Loss

p. 273

Summary

p. 274

Study Questions

p. 274

References

p. 274

Suggested Readings

p. 275

The Inner Ear

p. 277

Learning Objectives

p. 277

Anatomy and Physiology of the Inner Ear

p. 278

Development of the Inner Ear

p. 290

Hearing Loss and Disorders of the Inner Ear

p. 290

Causes of Inner-Ear Disorders

p. 291

Summary

p. 312

Study Questions

p. 312

References

p. 312

Suggested Readings

p. 314

The Auditory Nerve and Central Auditory Pathways

p. 315

Learning Objectives

p. 315

Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory Nerve and Ascending Auditory Pathways