Henry Clay`s American System

www.Apushreview.com
APUSH REVIEW:
HENRY CLAY’S
AMERICAN SYSTEM
(PART OF KEY
CONCEPT 4.2)
EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW
ABOUT HENRY CLAY’S AMERICAN
SYSTEM TO SUCCEED IN APUSH
THE NEW CURRICULUM
Key Concept 4.2, II, B. “Despite some governmental and private
efforts to create a unified national economy, most notably the
AMERICAN SYSTEM, the shift to market production linked the North
and Midwest more closely than either was linked to the South.”
• Page 51 of the Curriculum Framework
As with all terms/concepts/people mentioned in the white part of the
curriculum, you are expected to be familiar with the American
System
• Plus it’s Henry Clay…
BACKGROUND INFO
• During the early 19th century, the country was still growing and
faced many challenges:
• Infant US industries had a hard time competing with British goods
• The infrastructure was weak (especially in the West – KY, OH, TN,
etc.)
• The first Bank of the US (BUS) expired and a 2nd one was
recharted in 1816 for 20 years (would expire in 1836)
• The goal of the American System was to address these areas
• There was opposition to parts (or all) of the plan based on region
and view of government
PART I OF THE AMERICAN SYSTEM:
THE BUS
• Quick Review: The 1st BUS created divisions between Secretary
of State Jefferson and Secretary of Treasury Hamilton in
Washington’s administration
• Debate over strict v. loose interpretation of the Constitution
• Henry Clay was a supporter of the BUS and advocated for a 3rd
BUS in the 1830s (See APUSH Review: Andrew Jackson and the
Bank War)
• Although the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the
BUS in McCulloch v. Maryland, there was significant opposition to
the BUS
•
Andrew Jackson
• Ultimately, the BUS ended in 1836
PART II OF THE AMERICAN SYSTEM:
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Inter v. Intra state trade:
• Interstate trade involves trade between two or more states
• Intrastate trade involves trade within a state
• For much of early American history, Congress only provided
funding for interstate developments……..
• Maysville Road veto:
• Congressional bill that would provide funding for a road entirely in
Kentucky
•
Is this inter or intrastate trade?
• President Andrew Jackson vetoed it because it was an example of
an intrastate infrastructure
• Henry Clay was mad….
• How would funding be provided for these internal improvements?
• Tariffs!
PART III OF THE AMERICAN
SYSTEM: TARIFFS
• Tariffs and Excise Taxes:
• Tariff:
•
•
Tax on foreign goods
Price of foreign goods increases, provides revenue for government,
and makes American products more appealing
• Excise Tax:
•
Tax on domestically manufactured goods (whiskey)
• Why was there a need for tariffs in the early 19th century (1800s?)
• American industries were young
• Foreign goods were often cheaper
• Britain flooded the US market after the War of 1812
• Did everyone love tariffs?
• NO! (See The Nullification Crisis)
• The South in particular was outspoken against tariffs
ANALYZING THE AMERICAN
SYSTEM
• Successes:
•
•
•
•
The Northeast and Midwest was more closely linked
Many states built up their infrastructures
First of many government sponsored programs in the economy
American industries were able to prosper
• Failures:
• Did not unify all areas of the US
• Sectionalism increased – Nullification Crisis (Calhoun and South
Carolina)
• Continued debates about role of federal government in intrastate
business
TEST TIPS
Multiple-Choice Questions and Short Answer:
• Know the following:
• The American System attempted to help create a unified national
economy
• The North and Midwest benefitted the most from the system
• Opposition persisted, especially in the South
• Explain the various regional views of the economy and Market
Revolution
• Reasons for the successes and failures of the American System
Essay Questions:
• Part of a broader topic: Regional differences during the Antebellum
Era
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