We provide "turnkey" products
and services which includes renewable
energy technologies, "waste to energy," "waste
to watts™" and waste heat
recovery solutions. Unlike most companies, we are
equipment supplier/vendor neutral. This means we help our
clients select the best equipment for their specific application. This
approach provides our customers with superior performance, decreased
operating expenses and increased return on investment.

Unlike
most companies, we are equipment supplier/vendor neutral. This means we
help our clients select the best equipment for their specific application.
This approach provides our customers with superior performance, decreased
operating expenses and increased return on investment.

For more information: call us at: 832-758-0027

What is "waste-to-energy"?

Waste-to-energy facilities produce clean, renewable energy through the
combustion of municipal solid waste in specially designed power plants
equipped with the most modern pollution control equipment to clean
emissions. Trash volume is reduced by 90% and the remaining residue is
regularly tested and consistently meets strict EPA standards allowing
reuse or disposal in landfills. There are 89 waste-to-energy plants
operating in 27 states managing about 13 percent of America's trash, or
about 95,000 tons each day. Waste-to-energy facilities generate about
2,500 megawatts of electricity to meet the power needs of nearly 2.3
million homes, and the facilities serve the trash disposal needs of more
than 36 million people. The $10 billion waste-to-energy industry employs
more than 6,000 American workers with annual wages in excess of $400
million.

How does waste-to-energy reduce Greenhouse Gases emitted into the
atmosphere?

The use of waste-to-energy technology prevents the release of forty
million metric tons of greenhouse gases in the form of carbon dioxide
equivalents that otherwise would be released into the atmosphere on an
annual basis, according to an analysis developed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and the Integrated Waste Services Association (IWSA)
using EPA's Decision Support Tool program. Annual reporting by IWSA to the
U.S. Department of Energy's Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases
Program confirms that waste-to-energy also prevents the release each year
of nearly 24,000 tons of nitrogen oxides and 2.6 million tons of volatile
organic compounds from entering the atmosphere.

America's waste-to-energy facilities dispose of trash, and are an
alternative to land disposal that releases methane (a potent greenhouse
gas) as trash decomposes. Waste-to-energy also produces electricity,
lessening reliance on fossil fuel power plants that release carbon
dioxide, another greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere when coal or oil are
burned. Operation of waste-to-energy plants avoid the release of methane
that otherwise would be emitted when trash decomposes, and the release of
CO2 that would be emitted from generating electricity from fossil fuels.

In addition to the analysis using EPA's Decision Support Tool, and
eight years of reporting by the IWSA to the U.S. Department of Energy, a
detailed, project analysis of a facility's contribution to solving the
threat of global warming has been completed for a 1500-ton-per-day
waste-to-energy facility in the northeast. Researchers used information
regarding alternative landfill disposal, plant emissions, trash
composition and other plant-specific data and analyzed the information
using the EPA Decision Support Tool. The study determined that about
270,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions are avoided annually
because of this one plant's operations. Company officials currently are
talking to greenhouse gas credit brokers about marketing the reductions to
buyers of GHG credits.

Waste-to-Energy Greenhouse Gas Avoidance Calculations

Assumptions

11 million metric tons carbon equivalent (MCTE)1

= 36 million metric tons CO2
equivalent2

= 39.6 million tons CO2
equivalent3

@ 33 million tons / year4 (Amount of
municipal solid waste managed by waste-to-energy used to calculate the
estimate, above, of 11 million MCTE)

1The Impact of Municipal Solid
Waste Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions In the United States, by K.A.
Weitz, Research Triangle Institute, S.A. Thorneloe, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and M. Zannes, IWSA, 2001 discusses
the overall contribution, including waste-to-energy's part, in reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions from proper solid waste management practices.
The analysis concludes that emissions of 11 million metric tons carbon
equivalent was avoided on an annual basis by the use of waste-to-energy
technology.

2The conversion of carbon equivalent to CO2
equivalent is based on the ration of the molecular weight of carbon to the
molecular weight of CO2, or a factor of 3.67.

31 metric ton = 1.1 standard or short ton

4The Impact of Municipal Solid Waste
Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions In the United States, Ibid.
The analysis calculated that 11 million metric tons of carbon equivalent
was avoided by the disposal and electricity generation from 33 million
tons of trash managed by waste-to-energy in one year. The Integrated Waste
Services Association reported that 33 million tons of trash was managed in
2002 by waste-to-energy technology in the United States.

5The average energy conversion rate of
waste-to-energy plants is estimated by facility operators and vendors
associated with the Integrated Waste Services Association (IWSA), the
national trade group for the waste-to-energy industry.

Flare Gas Recovery,
Vapor Recovery, Waste to Energy and Vapor Recovery Units recover valuable
"waste" or vented fuels that can be used to provide fuel for an
onsite power generation plant. Our waste-to-energy and waste to fuel
systems significantly or entirely, reduces your facility's emissions (such
as
NOx
,
SOx, H2S, CO
, CO2 and other Hazardous Air Pollutants/Greenhouse Gases) and convert
these valuable emissions from an environmental problem into a new cash
revenue stream and profit center.

Flare gas recovery
and vapor recovery units can be located in hundreds of applications and
locations. At a Wastewaster Treatment System (or Publicly Owned
Treatment Works - "POTW") gases from the facility can be
captured from the anaerobic digesters, and manifolded/piped to one of our
onsite power generation plants, and make, essentially, "free"
electricity for your facility's use. These
associated "biogases"
that are generated from municipally owned landfills or wastewater
treatment plants have low btu content or heating values, ranging around
550-650 btu's.This makes them

unsuitable for use in natural gas applications. When burned as fuel to
generate electricity, however, these gases become a valuable source of
"renewable" power and energy for the facility's use or resale to
the electric grid.

Additionally, if
heat (steam and/or hot water) is required, we will incorporate our
cogeneration or trigeneration system into the project and provide some, or
all, of your hot water/steam requirements. Similarly, at crude oil
refineries, gas processing plants, exploration and production sites, and
gasoline storage/tank farm site, we convert your facility's "waste
fuel" and environmental liabilities into profitable,
environmentally-friendly solutions.

Our Flare Gas
Recovery and Vapor Recovery units that are designed and engineered for
these specific applications. It is important to note that there are
many internal combustion engines or combustion turbines that are NOT
suited for these applications. Our systems are engineered precisely
for your facility's application, and our engineers know the engines and
turbines that will work as well as those that don't. More
importantly, we are vendor and supplier neutral! Our only
concerns are for the optimum system solution

for your company, and we look past brand names and sales propaganda to
determine the optimum system, which may incorporate either one or more;
gas engine genset(s) or gas turbine genset(s), in cogeneration or
trigeneration mode - in trigeneration mode, we incorporate absorption
chillers to make chilled water for process or air-conditioning, fuel
gas conditioning equipment and gas compressor(s).

Our turn-key
systems includes design, engineering, permitting, project management,
commissioning, as well as financing for our qualified customers.
Additionally, we may be interested in owning and operating the flare gas
recovery or vapor recovery units. For these applications, there is no
investment required from the customer.

For more
information, please provide us with the following information about the
flare gas or vapor:

Chromatograph
Fuel/Gas analysis which provides us with the btu's (heating value) and
the composition of the gas and its' impurities such as methane (and
the percentage of methane), soloxanes, carbon dioxide, hydrogen,
hydrogen sulfide, and any other hydrocarbons.

Many industrial processes
generate large amounts of waste energy that simply pass out of plant
stacks and into the atmosphere or are otherwise lost. Most industrial
waste heat streams are liquid, gaseous, or a combination of the two and
have temperatures from slightly above ambient to over 2000 degrees F.
Stack exhaust losses are inherent in all fuel-fired processes and increase
with the exhaust temperature and the amount of excess air the exhaust
contains. At stack gas temperatures greater than 1000 degrees F, the heat
going up the stack is likely to be the single biggest loss in the process.
Above 1800 degrees F, stack losses will consume at least half of the total
fuel input to the process. Yet, the energy that is recovered from waste
heat streams could displace part or all of the energy input needs for a
unit operation within a plant. Therefore, waste heat recovery offers a
great opportunity to productively use this energy, reducing overall plant
energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Waste heat recovery methods used with industrial process heating
operations intercept the waste gases before they leave the process,
extract some of the heat they contain, and recycle that heat back to the
process.

Common
methods of recovering heat include direct heat recovery to the process,
recuperators/regenerators, and waste heat boilers. Unfortunately, the
economic benefits of waste heat recovery do not justify the cost of these
systems in every application. For example, heat recovery from lower
temperature waste streams (e.g., hot water or low-temperature flue gas) is
thermodynamically limited. Equipment fouling, occurring during the
handling of “dirty” waste streams, is another barrier to more
widespread use of heat recovery systems. Innovative, affordable waste heat
recovery methods that are ultra-efficient, are applicable to
low-temperature streams, or are suitable for use with corrosive or “dirty”
wastes could expand the number of viable applications of waste heat
recovery, as well as improve the performance of existing
applications.

Various Methods for Recovery of Waste Heat

Low-Temperature
Waste Heat Recovery Methods – A large amount of energy in the form of
medium- to low-temperature gases or low-temperature liquids (less than
about 250 degrees F) is released from process heating equipment, and much
of this energy is wasted.

Conversion of Low Temperature Exhaust Waste Heat – making efficient use
of the low temperature waste heat generated by prime movers such as
micro-turbines, IC engines, fuel cells and other electricity producing
technologies. The energy content of the waste heat must be high enough to
be able to operate equipment found in cogeneration and trigeneration power
and energy systems such as absorption chillers, refrigeration
applications, heat amplifiers, dehumidifiers, heat pumps for hot water,
turbine inlet air cooling and other similar devices.

Conversion of Low Temperature Waste Heat into Power –The steam-Rankine
cycle is the principle method used for producing electric power from high
temperature fluid streams. For the conversion of low temperature heat into
power, the steam-Rankine cycle may be a possibility, along with other
known power cycles, such as the organic-Rankine cycle.

Small to Medium Air-Cooled Commercial Chillers – All existing commercial
chillers, whether using waste heat, steam or natural gas, are water-cooled
(i.e., they must be connected to cooling towers which evaporate water into
the atmosphere to aid in cooling). This requirement generally limits the
market to large commercial-sized units (150 tons or larger), because of
the maintenance requirements for the cooling towers. Additionally, such
units consume water for cooling, limiting their application in arid
regions of the U.S. No suitable small-to-medium size (15 tons to 200 tons)
air-cooled absorption chillers are commercially available for these U.S.
climates. A small number of prototype air-cooled absorption chillers have
been developed in Japan, but they use “hardware” technology that is
not suited to the hotter temperatures experienced in most locations in the
United States. Although developed to work with natural gas firing, these
prototype air-cooled absorption chillers would also be suited to use waste
heat as the fuel.
Recovery of Waste Heat in Cogeneration and
Trigeneration Power Plants

In most cogeneration and
trigeneration power and energy systems, the exhaust gas from the electric
generation equipment is ducted to a heat exchanger to recover the thermal
energy in the gas. These heat exchangers are air-to-water heat exchangers,
where the exhaust gas flows over some form of tube and fin heat exchange
surface and the heat from the exhaust gas is transferred to make hot water
or steam. The hot water or steam is then used to provide hot water or
steam heating and/or to operate thermally activated equipment, such as an absorption
chiller for cooling or a desiccant dehumidifer for dehumidification.

Many of the waste heat
recovery technologies used in building co/trigeneration systems require
hot water, some at moderate pressures of 15 to 150 psig. In the cases
where additional steam or pressurized hot water is needed, it may be
necessary to provide supplemental heat to the exhaust gas with a duct
burner.

In some applications
air-to-air heat exchangers can be used. In other instances, if the
emissions from the generation equipment are low enough, such as is with
many of the microturbine technologies, the hot exhaust gases can be mixed
with make-up air and vented directly into the heating system for building
heating.

In the majority of
installations, a flapper damper or "diverter" is employed to
vary flow across the heat transfer surfaces of the heat exchanger to
maintain a specific design temperature of the hot water or steam
generation rate.

Typical Waste
Heat Recovery Installation

In some co/trigeneration
designs, the exhaust gases can be used to activate a thermal wheel or a
desiccant dehumidifier. Thermal wheels use the exhaust gas to heat a
wheel with a medium that absorbs the heat and then transfers the heat when
the wheel is rotated into the incoming airflow.

A professional
engineer should be involved in designing and sizing of the waste heat
recovery section. For a proper and economical operation, the design of the
heat recovery section involves consideration of many related factors, such
as the thermal capacity of the exhaust gases, the exhaust flow rate, the
sizing and type of heat exchanger, and the desired parameters over a
various range of operating conditions of the co/trigeneration system —
all of which need to be considered for proper and economical operation.

For more
information Waste To
Fuel/Waste To Energy systems, and Waste Heat Recovery and Waste Heat
Boilers, call
us at: 832-758-0027