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Delaware: 8th-Grade Standards

DE.8.C1. Content Standard: Civics

Students will examine the structure and purposes of governments with specific emphasis on constitutional democracy.

8.C1.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why governments have different powers.

8.C1.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how different powers of governments are used.

8.C1.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students understand that governments have the power to make and enforce laws and regulations, levy taxes, conduct foreign policy, and make war.

8.C1.4. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how different levels of governments meet different needs.

8.C1.5. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why the United States has a federalist government.

8.C1.6. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students analyze the different functions of federal, state, and local governments in the United States and examine the reasons for the different organizational structures each level of government employs.

DE.8.C2. Content Standard: Civics

Students will understand the principles and ideals underlying the American political system.

8.C2.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why the Bill of Rights and other amendments that protect individual rights have become part of the U.S. Constitution.

8.C2.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why it is necessary to protect the rights of minorities.

8.C2.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how the Bill of Rights protects minority groups from discrimination.

8.C2.4. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students understand that the concept of majority rule does not mean that the rights of minorities may be disregarded and will examine and apply the protections accorded those minorities in the American political system.

8.C2.5. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify the principles upon which the U.S. government is founded.

8.C2.6. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how the principles upon which the U.S. government is founded have been applied.

8.C2.7. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students understand the principles and content of major American state papers such as the Declaration of Independence; United States Constitution (including the Bill of Rights); and the Federalist Papers.

DE.8.C3. Content Standard: Civics

Students will understand the responsibilities, rights, and privileges of United States citizens.

8.C3.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how civil rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens protect individual liberty.

8.C3.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how property rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens protect individual liberty.

8.C3.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students understand that civil rights secure political freedom while property rights secure economic freedom and that both are essential protections for United States citizens.

8.C3.4. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify the responsibilities of a citizen.

8.C3.5. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why meeting the responsibilities of a citizen helps to preserve individual freedoms.

8.C3.6. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students understand that American citizenship includes responsibilities such as voting, jury duty, obeying the law, service in the armed forces when required, and public service.

DE.8.C4. Content Standard: Civics

Students will develop and employ the civic skills necessary for effective, participatory citizenship.

8.C4.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why citizens should communicate with public officials about public policy.

8.C4.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify ways to effectively communicate with public officials about public policy.

8.C4.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students follow the actions of elected officials, and understand and employ the mechanisms for communicating with them while in office.

DE.8.E1. Content Standard: Economics

Students will analyze the potential costs and benefits of personal economic choices in a market economy.

8.E1.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify and explain factors that shift supply or demand in markets.

8.E1.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students predict changes to the price of a good or service based on changes in supply or demand.

8.E1.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students analyze how changes in technology, costs, and demand interact in competitive markets to determine or change the price of goods and services.

DE.8.E2. Content Standard: Economics

Students will examine the interaction of individuals, families, communities, businesses, and governments in a market economy.

8.E2.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how the supply of money in an economy can affect economic growth.

8.E2.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how government policies can impact economic growth.

8.E2.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students analyze the role of money and banking in the economy, and the ways in which government taxes and spending affect the functioning of market economies.

DE.8.E3. Content Standard: Economics

Students will understand different types of economic systems and how they change.

8.E3.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how the amount and quality of resources and technology can influence the economic decision-making of producers and consumers.

8.E3.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how cultural values can influence the factors of production, methods of distribution, and means of exchange.

8.E3.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students demonstrate the ways in which the means of production, distribution, and exchange in different economic systems have a relationship to cultural values, resources, and technologies.

DE.8.E4. Content Standard: Economics

Students will examine the patterns and results of international trade.

8.E4.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how specialization creates interdependence.

8.E4.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students analyze how government policies can affect trade.

8.E4.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain the costs and benefits to free trade policies.

8.E4.4. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students examine how nations with different economic systems specialize and become interdependent through trade and how government policies allow either free or restricted trade.

DE.8.G1. Content Standard: Geography

Students will develop a personal geographic framework, or 'mental map,' and understand the uses of maps and other geo-graphics.

8.G1.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students apply mental maps to ask and answer questions that require awareness of the relative location of places in the world's subregions.

8.G1.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how mental maps held by people in various sub-regions reflect different perceptions of the world.

8.G1.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students demonstrate how different maps and geo-graphics can be used to display different characteristics of places in the world's subregions.

8.G1.4. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students demonstrate mental maps of the world and its sub-regions which include the relative location and characteristics of major physical features, political divisions, and human settlements.

DE.8.G2. Content Standard: Geography

Students will develop a knowledge of the ways humans modify and respond to the natural environment.

8.G2.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify the processes that shape the natural environment.

8.G2.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain ways in which people change or affect the natural environment.

8.G2.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students apply a knowledge of the major processes shaping natural environments to understand how different peoples have changed, and been affected by, physical environments in the world's subregions.

DE.8.G3. Content Standard: Geography

Students will develop an understanding of the diversity of human culture and the unique nature of places.

8.G3.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify the world's major cultural hearths and the extent of their geographic influence, using concepts of core and periphery.

8.G3.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students apply the different processes of geographic diffusion to show how different places around the world are affected by the spread of ideas from cultural hearths.

8.G3.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify and explain the major cultural patterns of human activity in the world's sub-regions.

DE.8.G4. Content Standard: Geography

Students will develop an understanding of the character and use of regions and the connections between and among them.

8.G4.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify types of geographic regions.

8.G4.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain the factors that affect the location of economic activities.

8.G4.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how specialized economic regions are created and how they might change.

8.G4.4. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students understand the processes affecting the location of economic activities in different world regions.

8.G4.5. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why people identify with a territory and the ways they use borders to geographically define it.

8.G4.6. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how culture and resources often form the basis for territories.

8.G4.7. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how a people's territorial identity may cause conflict.

8.G4.8. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how conflict and cooperation among people contribute to the division of the Earth's surface into distinctive cultural and political territories.

DE.8.H1. Content Standard: History

Students will employ chronological concepts in analyzing historical phenomena.

8.H1.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students analyze long-term change using historical materials.

8.H1.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students draw conclusions from historical materials to explain the causes or effects of historical trends and themes.

8.H1.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students examine historical materials relating to a particular region, society, or theme; analyze change over time, and make logical inferences concerning cause and effect.

DE.8.H2. Content Standard: History

Students will gather, examine, and analyze historical data.

8.H2.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain how to investigate a historical question.

8.H2.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students conduct valid historical research and create valid historical conclusions from the examination of primary and secondary historical sources.

8.H2.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why a given historical source is credible.

8.H2.4. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students analyze a historical document to explain its purpose, perspective, or point of view.

8.H2.5. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students master the basic research skills necessary to conduct an independent investigation of historical phenomena.

8.H2.6. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students examine historical documents, artifacts, and other materials, and analyze them in terms of credibility, as well as the purpose, perspective, or point of view for which they were constructed.

DE.8.H3. Content Standard: History

Students will interpret historical data.

8.H3.1. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students identify the historical source(s) used to reach a given historical conclusion.

8.H3.2. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students explain why historians using the same historical sources can reach different historical conclusions.

8.H3.3. Performance Indicator / Gle:

Students compare different historians' descriptions of the same societies in order to examine how the choice of questions and use of sources may affect their conclusions.

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