HS also has been reported as a comorbid condition in patients with several rare syndromes, including SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) and PAPA (pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne) syndromes.

Summarizing the symposium and covering both basic and clinical research on the topic, the papers address immunology and mucosal defense systems; bacteriology and virology; mucosal vaccines for upper airway infections; mucosa-associated and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue; clinical manifests and pathogenesis of tonsil-related diseases such as IgA nephropathy, palmoplantal pustulosis, reactive arthritis diseases, and others; the association of tonsils with otitis media; allergic diseases in the upper airways; obstructive sleep apnea; and medical and surgical treatments for tonsil diseases.

18) As well, bisphosphonate therapy may be beneficial in conditions that mimic osteonecrosis such as SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis) of the mandible, in which the histologic appearance may resemble that of osteonecrosis.

All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.