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VENTILATION. 27
is ·harg d with impurities, such as" hydrocarbons, sulphide
of ammonium, carbonic oxide, and p robably very minute
quanti ti s of arsenic." Even now th e cry i. going up from
London for a purification of its atmosphere from smoke.
This e\'i l II' 10 not suffer much from in North Carolina,
the popul ation being scattered and the cities small. But
we n ed a thorough inspection of public building. \\' jth a
yj ew to proper ventilation.
When it is known that 30 parts of carboni aci I to 10,000
of air is often found in theatres and public halb, which is
fi\'e times the admissible amount, it will be admitted that
reform is needed.
Cubic Space A llowed.-The amOlLnt of space PCI' head
allowed in the 1'00m by vC!?'ioLts authorities, va1'ias Fom 300 to
1,000 wbic feet, the amount being smaller when the room
is on ly occasionally filled with its maximum number.
It is true that th e air can be changed in a small room
more frequently than in a large olle to main tain the propel'
degree of I urity or rather im purity, but the increased
draught may be obj ctionable. The amount of space act­Ha
lly given per head in various school hOIl.ses vari es from 70
to 100 to 200 cubic feet. The effect is that 12 parts of car­bonic
acid in 10,000 (double the admissible amoullt) is com­mon,
alld even 20 and 50 pa rts are not unknown. The
effect upon both teacher and pupils is of course, headaches,
Ii tI es ness and deb il ity.
Lighting.-The proper light ing of school rooms is as
necessary as ventil ati on. The light should corne from be­Irind
the pupi l on to the book or bl ackboard, when possible,
and the wi ndows should be high, as most of the ayailable
ligh t comes from above the level of our hea c1 s. Lighting
directly from the top is probably the most ffi cient means
of all where practicable. The light shol1 id c me mainly
from Oll e sid e-the side opposite the hlackboa l'ds- aud the
pupi l should sit with their backs to it. Tbe desks should
be at such heigh ts j hat the book or paper, &c., hall not be

VENTILATION. 27
is ·harg d with impurities, such as" hydrocarbons, sulphide
of ammonium, carbonic oxide, and p robably very minute
quanti ti s of arsenic." Even now th e cry i. going up from
London for a purification of its atmosphere from smoke.
This e\'i l II' 10 not suffer much from in North Carolina,
the popul ation being scattered and the cities small. But
we n ed a thorough inspection of public building. \\' jth a
yj ew to proper ventilation.
When it is known that 30 parts of carboni aci I to 10,000
of air is often found in theatres and public halb, which is
fi\'e times the admissible amount, it will be admitted that
reform is needed.
Cubic Space A llowed.-The amOlLnt of space PCI' head
allowed in the 1'00m by vC!?'ioLts authorities, va1'ias Fom 300 to
1,000 wbic feet, the amount being smaller when the room
is on ly occasionally filled with its maximum number.
It is true that th e air can be changed in a small room
more frequently than in a large olle to main tain the propel'
degree of I urity or rather im purity, but the increased
draught may be obj ctionable. The amount of space act­Ha
lly given per head in various school hOIl.ses vari es from 70
to 100 to 200 cubic feet. The effect is that 12 parts of car­bonic
acid in 10,000 (double the admissible amoullt) is com­mon,
alld even 20 and 50 pa rts are not unknown. The
effect upon both teacher and pupils is of course, headaches,
Ii tI es ness and deb il ity.
Lighting.-The proper light ing of school rooms is as
necessary as ventil ati on. The light should corne from be­Irind
the pupi l on to the book or bl ackboard, when possible,
and the wi ndows should be high, as most of the ayailable
ligh t comes from above the level of our hea c1 s. Lighting
directly from the top is probably the most ffi cient means
of all where practicable. The light shol1 id c me mainly
from Oll e sid e-the side opposite the hlackboa l'ds- aud the
pupi l should sit with their backs to it. Tbe desks should
be at such heigh ts j hat the book or paper, &c., hall not be