ASTHMA - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ASTHMA. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CAUSES, SIGNS AND SYMTOMS. What makes up the Respiratory System?. ( http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/images/446/respiratorydetail.gif. What is the main function?.

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The respiratory centre is located in the medulla oblongata and the pons (in the brain stem). Chemoreceptors respond to the changes in the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid.

Central chemoreceptors – located in the medulla oblongata – when PCO2 rises, they respond by stimulating the respiratory centre to increase ventilation.

Peripheral chemoreceptors – located in the aorta and carotid bodies (in the neck) – more sensitive to small rises in PCO2 and respond by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. Also an increase in blood acidity levels are addressed through increased ventilation.

The fundamental defect in asthma is that, for reasons that are unclear, these inflammatory actions occur in the bronchioles when no serious infection, toxin, or other inhaled threat to the body exists.