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On the outskirts of the western Ivorian town of Angovia, Joseph Bado bends over a pile of gold-laced stone, pulverizing it with a hammer. Mr Bado, who in his mid-30s, was born in a farming village in central Ivory Coast. Frustrated by his meager earnings in the cocoa fields, he left in 2003 to become a miner.

Yaniya, a very pretty girl, came to Lagos from Benin to look for a job In spite of her father's refusal to let her go. Things were not easy for her there; in addition, men would deceive her and leave her heart-broken and hopeless. She gave birth to a child who died a few months later.

Properly functioning kidney tissue is necessary for life. Inadequate function results in the accumulation of waste products in the blood stream, and alteration of the body's chemical balance. This results in a condition called uremia. When uremia is severe and life - threatening, dialysis is generally instituted.

Around half of Sub-Sahara Africa's human capital is under-utilized because poor people do not have the resources that would enable them to contribute to production and economic development Efforts to reduce poverty must tackle inequalities, which vary between countries, cultures and ethnic groups. Special attention needs to be paid to the situation of women, who often do not enjoy the same access to resources as men, despite their considerable productive potential. The contribution of women to economy remains underestimated and official statistics rarely measure this contribution.

Through the complex regional and world diversities, a pattern of economic marginalization can increasingly be discerned. Its identifying motif is steady sidelining of the poorest nations and of the poorest people within these nations. Internationally, the poorest forty or fifty countries have seen their share of world income decline to the point where one fifth of the world's people now share less than 1.5 percent of the world's income. Within individual nations, developing or industrialized, the poorest sections of the community are continually being marginalized, as they now share, on average, little more than 5 percent of their national income, while the fewer rich group claims between forty and sixty percent of the same income.