Benjamin Banneker was a man of many parts. He was an African American scientist, astronomer, surveyor, compiler of almanacs, farmer, and a self-educated mathematician. He was a strong advocate of racial equality and called for ending the slavery. Bannekar was born in Maryland in early eighteenth century and was an active author of almanacs who exchanged his letters with the famous Thomas Jefferson. In these letters Benjamin exhorted Jefferson to do his best for ensuring racial equality and abolition of slavery. Incidentally Bannekar was a free black man who was an owner of a farm located at close proximity to Baltimore. Benjamin Banneker is mostly known for being a member of a group that was led by Major Andrew Ellicott. This group did extensive survey work across the borders of the District of Columbia that was the United States’ federal capital district. Several advocates who were in favor of racial equality and abolitionists praised and promoted Banneker’s works extensively. A fire broke out on the day of Banneker’s funeral that destroyed many of his personal belongings and papers except Banneker’s astronomical journal.

Benjamin Banneker was born on 9 November 1731, at Ellicott’s Mills, in Maryland. His father, Robert, was an ex-slave and his mother‘s name was Mary Banneky.

Bannekar’s parents were free and so he could escape the chains of slavery as well. He learnt reading from his maternal grandmother and attended a small Quaker school for a brief time.

His brilliance can be understood from the fact that he was mostly a self-educated man who achieved much in his life through his own efforts.

His initial achievements included designing an irrigation system for his family farm and constructing a wooden clock that had the reputation of keeping accurate time. In fact the clock functioned for over 50 years till Benjamin’s death.

Apart from these contributions, Benjamin learnt all about astronomy by himself and could do accurate forecasting of lunar and solar eclipses. After his father passed way, he managed his own farm for several years and developed a business for selling tobacco through crops.

Bannekar’s talent was noticed by the Ellicot family, who were his neighbor and renowned entrepreneurs of the Baltimore area. Banneker was friends with the Ellicot Brothers, of whom George Ellicot was also in the field of astronomy and mathematics.

George Ellicott lent Bannekar many books on astronomy and a telescope and tools that were used in astronomy. Bannekar learnt astronomy all by himself.

In 1789, he accurately predicted a solar eclipse and became the first African-American to be appointed to the President's Capital Commission.

In 1791, Andrew Ellicot, one of the members of the family hired Benjamin to assist him in surveying the territory for the capital city of the nation. Bannekar worked in an observatory tent and used a zenith sector for recording the movement of the stars. But Banneker suffered from a sudden illness that made him leave the work after three months.

Benjamin was hugely acclaimed for his almanacs that were published from 1792 to 1797 and contained valuable information about literature, medical, opinion pieces and his very own astronomical calculations.

In 1791, Bannekar wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson—who was the-then United States Secretary of State and had drafted had drafted the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776—regarding justice for African Americans, who were treated as slaves.

Thomas Jefferson greatly admired Bannekar and had sent his almanac to Paris for inclusion at the Academy of Sciences. After the publication of almanac, Bannekar began a correspondence with Jefferson on the subject of the abolition of slavery.

In 1753, when Banneker was only 22, he constructed a wooden clock that struck on every hour. He seemed to have modeled this clock from a pocket watch that he had borrowed, and the clock functioned till Benjamin passed away.

His famous almanacs were published consecutively for six consecutive years from 1792 to 1797. The almanacs contained valuable information on various subjects and fields and Bannekar did all the calculations by himself.

Benjamin also produced a dissertation on bees and calculated the cycle of 17-year locust.

Benjamin Bannekar did not marry and pursued his scientific studies all through his life. He did not have any relationship with any woman in his life.

After the publication of his almanac stopped, he sold a major portion of his farm to the Ellicott and some of the other people so that he could meet the ends and continued to live in his log cabin.

Benjamin died On 9 October 1806, while sleeping after coming back from his daily morning walk, just a month before his 75th birthday.

On 11 October 1906 while his funeral was going on a major fire broke out in his house and burnt down everything including his personal effects, furniture and wooden clock. The actual cause of fire was never known.

A number of recreational facilities, schools, streets and institutions have been named in his honour. A postage stamp was also released in his honour.