2
Particles and fields Agent-Based Models and Equation-Based Models The complexity approach amounts to being prepared to adopt both simultaneously The two approaches should be consistent If both ABM and EBM can be produced there is evidence of emergence

4
Economics and finance? Methodological individualism as an obstacle When the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts What methodological individualism fails to explain The collective may emerge although individuals are unaware of it Production responding to consumption requirements Family size Carrying capacity vs. witchcraft accusations Reasons may be misguided

5
The invisible hand in nature von Foersters magnetized cubes termite mounds Self-organization or the shape of randomness? The shape results from constraints on the building blocks or on the builders

6
The invisible hand on the markets Adam Smiths An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776) Aristotles philia Prices and the predator / prey model (Lotka- Volterra) Actors may erroneously believe their representations and strategies lead to the final outcome