Your internet isn't just underwater. It's also covered in Vaseline. FollowPhil Edwards and Vox Almanac on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/philedwardsinc1/
Map by TeleGeography: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/
Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO
The internet is known to pulse through fiber optic cables and cell phone towers, but 99% of high-speed international information is transferred under the sea. How long has this been happening? Underwater cables delivering information isn't a novel idea — the first Transatlantic cable was laid in 1858—undersea cables have been around since the telegraph.
Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H
Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

published:19 Oct 2015

views:2093140

Every time you visit a web page or send an email, data is being sent and received through an intricate cable system that stretches around the globe. Since the 1850s, we've been laying cables across oceans to become better connected. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of miles of fiber optic cables constantly transmitting data between nations.
Subscribe to BI: Science - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9uD-W5zQHQuAVT2GdcLCvg
Science Insider tells you all you need to know about science: space, medicine, biotech, physiology, and more.
Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/science
Science Insider on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BusinessInsiderScience/
Science Insider on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/science_insider/
Business Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/businessinsider
Tech Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

published:16 Sep 2015

views:726232

BILBAO, SPAIN / VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA — Microsoft, Facebook and Spanish telecommunications giant Telxius have just completed work on a massive continent-to-continent underwater cable.
According to a Microsoft news release, the Marea undersea cable is comprised of eight pairs of fiber optic cables, encircled by copper, a layer of hard-plastic and a waterproof coating.
The subsea cable stretches over 4,000 miles from the U.S. east coast at Virginia Beach, to Spain's north coast at Bilbao.
When laying the cable, engineers had to account for an average depth of 11,000 feet and hazards including coral reefs, earthquake zones and active volcanoes.
The cable can transmit a maximum of 160 terabits per second. That's the equivalent of 71 million streaming high definition videos.
----------------------------------------­---------------------
TomoNews is your best source for real news. We cover the funniest, craziest and most talked-about stories on the internet. Our tone is irreverent and unapologetic. If you’re laughing, we’re laughing. If you’re outraged, we’re outraged. We tell it like it is. And because we can animate stories, TomoNews brings you news like you’ve never seen before.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.com
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published:26 Sep 2017

views:112428

http://www.businessinsider.com/animated-map-global-fiber-optic-internet-cables-2015-9 ---- 99% of international data is transmitted by wires at the bottom of the ocean called submarine communications cables. In total, they are hundreds of thousands of miles long and can be as deep as Everest Is tall. The cables are installed by special boats called cable-layers. It’s more than a matter of dropping wires with anvils attached to them—the cables must generally be run across flat surfaces of the ocean floor, and care is taken to avoid coral reefs, sunken ships, fish beds, and other ecological habitats and general obstructions. The diameter of a shallow water cable is about the same as a soda can, while deep water cables are much thinner—about the size of a Magic Marker. The size difference is related to simple vulnerability—there’s not much going on 8,000 feet below sea level; consequently, there’s less need for galvanized shielding wire. Cables located at shallow depths are buried beneath the ocean floor using high pressure water jets. Though per-mile prices for installation change depending on total length and destination, running a cable across the ocean invariably costs hundreds of millions of dollars.
Sharks are trying to eat the Internet.
There’s disagreement as to why, exactly, sharks like gnawing on submarine communications cables. Maybe it has something to do with electromagnetic fields. Maybe they’re just curious. Maybe they’re trying to disrupt our communications infrastructure before mounting a land-based assault. (Haha) The point remains that sharks are chewing on the Internet, and sometimes damage it. In response, companies such as Google are shielding their cables in shark-proof wire wrappers.
In 1854, installation began on the first transatlantic telegraph cable, which connected Newfoundland and Ireland. Four years later the first transmission was sent, reading: “Laws, Whitehouse received five minutes signal. Coil signals too weak to relay. Try drive slow and regular. I have put intermediate pulley. Reply by coils.” This is, admittedly, not very inspiring. (“Whitehouse” referred to Wildman Whitehouse, the chief electrician of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, who we’ve discussed previously.) For historical context: During those four years of cable construction, Charles Dickens was still writing novels; Walt Whitman published Leaves of Grass; a small settlement called Dallas was formally incorporated in Texas; and Abraham Lincoln, candidate for the U.S. Senate, gave his “House Divided” speech.
As of 2014, there are 285 communications cables at the bottom of the ocean, and 22 of them are not yet in use. These are called “dark cables.” (Once they’re switched on, they’re said to be “lit.”) Submarine cables have a life expectancy of 25 years, during which time they are considered economically viable from a capacity standpoint. Over the last decade, however, global data consumption has exploded. In 2013, Internet traffic was 5 gigabytes per capita; this number is expected to reach 14 gigabytes per capita by 2018. Such an increase would obviously pose a capacity problem and require more frequent cable upgrades. However, new techniques in phase modulation and improvements in submarine line terminal equipment (SLTE) have boosted capacity in some places by as much as 8000%. The wires we have are more than ready for the traffic to come.

published:17 Mar 2017

views:95021

Laying of cables in the oceans of our world is a fascinating business. Men and women toil long and tedious hours to make this possible. Submarine cables are laid down by using specially-modified ships that carry the submarine cable on board and slowly lay it out on the seabed as per the plans given by the cable operator. The ships can carry with them up to 2,000km-length of cable. Depending on the equipment on-board the cable-ship, the type of plow used, the sea conditions and the ocean-bed where the cable is being laid down, cable ships can do anywhere from 100-150km of cable laying per day. Newer ships and plows now do about 200km of cable laying per day.
The cables are specially constructed for submarine operations as they have to endure harsh conditions as well as pressure. Fiber optic cables carry DWDM [Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing] laser signals at a rate of terabytes per second. They use optical repeaters to strengthen the signal which attenuates over long distances.
They have a decade lifespan and costs vary (depending on the length of the cable). The typical cost for a project is anywhere from $100m-$500m. We don't use satellites because they can't carry terabytes of data for less than a billion dollars per communication line.
The coiling of hundreds of miles of cable in the cargo hold is a process that can take between three to four weeks to complete.
Submarine cable laying process starts from the landing station, where a long cable section is attached (connected) to the landing point and then extended out to a few miles in the sea. This end is connected to the cable on the ship and then the ship starts its cable laying process.
The process also involves a plow. The cable is not simply left to sit on the ocean bed, but is actually being fed into a plow, that lays the cable into a trench.
Depending on where the cable is laid out, the cable coming in from the ocean to the landing station might be advertised or not. Most of the time cable consortium companies try to hide the cable as much as they can, so that only those who need to know – municipalities, port authorities and shipping companies – are informed of the exact route of the cable.
When cables are damaged, either divers or specialized small submersibles with cameras and lights are sent down to the seabed to investigate where the cuts are. Then, either the divers or robotic arms on the submersible bring the two ends of the cable to the surface, where they are re-spliced and joined again.
Music: Bottom of the Sea (InstrumentalVersion) by DhruvaAliman
https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along
http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/

published:13 Aug 2017

views:233539

Please visit http://www.lyric-audio.de
Where to hear our wonderful amplifiers:
http://www.lyric-audio.de/haendler.html
With our team, we are constantly working on refinements and new devices. Our ambition is high: we want to offer our customers to achieve musicality and naturalness in in music reproduction.
AVShowrooms is proud to support http://www.lyric-audio.de/
_______________________________________________________
Please visit http://www.avshowrooms.com and http://avshowroomsforums.com for the best high performance product videos and forums on the Internet. We are the premier destination for high end audio equipment reviews, company tours, show reports and forums.

published:21 Oct 2018

views:2389

Google is reinforcing its underwater fibre-optic cables to protect against future shark attacks
Google is reinforcing its private underwater fibre-optic cables with an extra layer of protective material in order to protect its 100,000 miles of cables from sharks.
Sharks and other fish are attracted to the cables, thought by some to be due to the electromagnetic signals emitted by the lines, but they are easily damaged. The cables already have existing protective materials designed to shelter them from the various dangers of the environment, but will now be coated with a 'Kevlar-like' material to provide even more protection.
Fibre-optic cables are made of strands of glass, and are thus much less durable than copper cables. Google wants to prevent its own cables from sustaining further damage after seeing underwater surveillance footage of sharks biting the cables.
IT Pro has contacted Google for more information on the plans and will update the story as soon as we know more.

This video demonstrates the process of creating high performance copper cables at Hitachi CableAmerica.
Learn more about our high performance copper cables at the link below:
http://www.hca.hitachi-cable.com/products/hca/products/performance-cable-products.php

1995 Cup defense

In 1995, Bill Koch revamped the program to begin the first all-female, America's Cup boat. America3's successor, Mighty Mary, was on her way to the 1995 America's Cup, in the lead of the last race of the Defender Series over Stars & Stripes. But with a commanding lead of nearly 5 minutes, Dave Dellenbaugh (the only man on the otherwise all-female crew) committed a crucial tactical error and Stars & Stripes skipper Dennis Conner made a series of moves to beat Mighty Mary to the finish line by scant seconds. After winning the Defender Series, Conner opted to use the third syndicate that year, Young America, to defend the cup, losing to Team New Zealand, 5-0.

America (band)

America is a rock band, formed in England in 1970 by multi-instrumentalists Dewey Bunnell, Dan Peek, and Gerry Beckley. The trio first met as sons of U.S. Air Force personnel stationed in London, where they began performing live.

America achieved significant popularity in the 1970s, and was famous for the trio's close vocal harmonies and light acoustic folk sound. This popularity was confirmed by a string of hit albums and singles, many of which found airplay on pop/soft rock stations.

Optical fiber

An optical fiber (oroptical fibre) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than wire cables. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with lesser amounts of loss; in addition, fibers are also immune to electromagnetic interference, a problem from which metal wires suffer excessively. Fibers are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so that they may be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in confined spaces, as in the case of a fiberscope. Specially designed fibers are also used for a variety of other applications, some of them being fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers.

Optical fibers typically include a transparentcore surrounded by a transparent cladding material with a lower index of refraction. Light is kept in the core by the phenomenon of total internal reflection which causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. Fibers that support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers (MMF), while those that support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF). Multi-mode fibers generally have a wider core diameter and are used for short-distance communication links and for applications where high power must be transmitted. Single-mode fibers are used for most communication links longer than 1,000 meters (3,300ft).

WikiLeaks Bank Of America Cables

Thin underwater cables hold the internet. See a map of them all.

Your internet isn't just underwater. It's also covered in Vaseline. FollowPhil Edwards and Vox Almanac on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/philedwardsinc1/
Map by TeleGeography: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/
Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO
The internet is known to pulse through fiber optic cables and cell phone towers, but 99% of high-speed international information is transferred under the sea. How long has this been happening? Underwater cables delivering information isn't a novel idea — the first Transatlantic cable was laid in 1858—undersea cables have been around since the telegraph.
Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H
Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

2:23

Undersea Cables Power The Internet

Undersea Cables Power The Internet

Undersea Cables Power The Internet

Every time you visit a web page or send an email, data is being sent and received through an intricate cable system that stretches around the globe. Since the 1850s, we've been laying cables across oceans to become better connected. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of miles of fiber optic cables constantly transmitting data between nations.
Subscribe to BI: Science - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9uD-W5zQHQuAVT2GdcLCvg
Science Insider tells you all you need to know about science: space, medicine, biotech, physiology, and more.
Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/science
Science Insider on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BusinessInsiderScience/
Science Insider on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/science_insider/
Business Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/businessinsider
Tech Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

BILBAO, SPAIN / VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA — Microsoft, Facebook and Spanish telecommunications giant Telxius have just completed work on a massive continent-to-continent underwater cable.
According to a Microsoft news release, the Marea undersea cable is comprised of eight pairs of fiber optic cables, encircled by copper, a layer of hard-plastic and a waterproof coating.
The subsea cable stretches over 4,000 miles from the U.S. east coast at Virginia Beach, to Spain's north coast at Bilbao.
When laying the cable, engineers had to account for an average depth of 11,000 feet and hazards including coral reefs, earthquake zones and active volcanoes.
The cable can transmit a maximum of 160 terabits per second. That's the equivalent of 71 million streaming high definition videos.
----------------------------------------­---------------------
TomoNews is your best source for real news. We cover the funniest, craziest and most talked-about stories on the internet. Our tone is irreverent and unapologetic. If you’re laughing, we’re laughing. If you’re outraged, we’re outraged. We tell it like it is. And because we can animate stories, TomoNews brings you news like you’ve never seen before.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.com
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
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2:23

Animated Map of the World's Undersea Internet Cables

Animated Map of the World's Undersea Internet Cables

Animated Map of the World's Undersea Internet Cables

http://www.businessinsider.com/animated-map-global-fiber-optic-internet-cables-2015-9 ---- 99% of international data is transmitted by wires at the bottom of the ocean called submarine communications cables. In total, they are hundreds of thousands of miles long and can be as deep as Everest Is tall. The cables are installed by special boats called cable-layers. It’s more than a matter of dropping wires with anvils attached to them—the cables must generally be run across flat surfaces of the ocean floor, and care is taken to avoid coral reefs, sunken ships, fish beds, and other ecological habitats and general obstructions. The diameter of a shallow water cable is about the same as a soda can, while deep water cables are much thinner—about the size of a Magic Marker. The size difference is related to simple vulnerability—there’s not much going on 8,000 feet below sea level; consequently, there’s less need for galvanized shielding wire. Cables located at shallow depths are buried beneath the ocean floor using high pressure water jets. Though per-mile prices for installation change depending on total length and destination, running a cable across the ocean invariably costs hundreds of millions of dollars.
Sharks are trying to eat the Internet.
There’s disagreement as to why, exactly, sharks like gnawing on submarine communications cables. Maybe it has something to do with electromagnetic fields. Maybe they’re just curious. Maybe they’re trying to disrupt our communications infrastructure before mounting a land-based assault. (Haha) The point remains that sharks are chewing on the Internet, and sometimes damage it. In response, companies such as Google are shielding their cables in shark-proof wire wrappers.
In 1854, installation began on the first transatlantic telegraph cable, which connected Newfoundland and Ireland. Four years later the first transmission was sent, reading: “Laws, Whitehouse received five minutes signal. Coil signals too weak to relay. Try drive slow and regular. I have put intermediate pulley. Reply by coils.” This is, admittedly, not very inspiring. (“Whitehouse” referred to Wildman Whitehouse, the chief electrician of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, who we’ve discussed previously.) For historical context: During those four years of cable construction, Charles Dickens was still writing novels; Walt Whitman published Leaves of Grass; a small settlement called Dallas was formally incorporated in Texas; and Abraham Lincoln, candidate for the U.S. Senate, gave his “House Divided” speech.
As of 2014, there are 285 communications cables at the bottom of the ocean, and 22 of them are not yet in use. These are called “dark cables.” (Once they’re switched on, they’re said to be “lit.”) Submarine cables have a life expectancy of 25 years, during which time they are considered economically viable from a capacity standpoint. Over the last decade, however, global data consumption has exploded. In 2013, Internet traffic was 5 gigabytes per capita; this number is expected to reach 14 gigabytes per capita by 2018. Such an increase would obviously pose a capacity problem and require more frequent cable upgrades. However, new techniques in phase modulation and improvements in submarine line terminal equipment (SLTE) have boosted capacity in some places by as much as 8000%. The wires we have are more than ready for the traffic to come.

3:12

How Undersea Internet Fiber Optic Cables Are Laid On The Ocean Floor

How Undersea Internet Fiber Optic Cables Are Laid On The Ocean Floor

How Undersea Internet Fiber Optic Cables Are Laid On The Ocean Floor

Laying of cables in the oceans of our world is a fascinating business. Men and women toil long and tedious hours to make this possible. Submarine cables are laid down by using specially-modified ships that carry the submarine cable on board and slowly lay it out on the seabed as per the plans given by the cable operator. The ships can carry with them up to 2,000km-length of cable. Depending on the equipment on-board the cable-ship, the type of plow used, the sea conditions and the ocean-bed where the cable is being laid down, cable ships can do anywhere from 100-150km of cable laying per day. Newer ships and plows now do about 200km of cable laying per day.
The cables are specially constructed for submarine operations as they have to endure harsh conditions as well as pressure. Fiber optic cables carry DWDM [Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing] laser signals at a rate of terabytes per second. They use optical repeaters to strengthen the signal which attenuates over long distances.
They have a decade lifespan and costs vary (depending on the length of the cable). The typical cost for a project is anywhere from $100m-$500m. We don't use satellites because they can't carry terabytes of data for less than a billion dollars per communication line.
The coiling of hundreds of miles of cable in the cargo hold is a process that can take between three to four weeks to complete.
Submarine cable laying process starts from the landing station, where a long cable section is attached (connected) to the landing point and then extended out to a few miles in the sea. This end is connected to the cable on the ship and then the ship starts its cable laying process.
The process also involves a plow. The cable is not simply left to sit on the ocean bed, but is actually being fed into a plow, that lays the cable into a trench.
Depending on where the cable is laid out, the cable coming in from the ocean to the landing station might be advertised or not. Most of the time cable consortium companies try to hide the cable as much as they can, so that only those who need to know – municipalities, port authorities and shipping companies – are informed of the exact route of the cable.
When cables are damaged, either divers or specialized small submersibles with cameras and lights are sent down to the seabed to investigate where the cuts are. Then, either the divers or robotic arms on the submersible bring the two ends of the cable to the surface, where they are re-spliced and joined again.
Music: Bottom of the Sea (InstrumentalVersion) by DhruvaAliman
https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along
http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/

Please visit http://www.lyric-audio.de
Where to hear our wonderful amplifiers:
http://www.lyric-audio.de/haendler.html
With our team, we are constantly working on refinements and new devices. Our ambition is high: we want to offer our customers to achieve musicality and naturalness in in music reproduction.
AVShowrooms is proud to support http://www.lyric-audio.de/
_______________________________________________________
Please visit http://www.avshowrooms.com and http://avshowroomsforums.com for the best high performance product videos and forums on the Internet. We are the premier destination for high end audio equipment reviews, company tours, show reports and forums.

1:22

Shark Bites Fiber Optic Cables Undersea 15.8.2014

Shark Bites Fiber Optic Cables Undersea 15.8.2014

Shark Bites Fiber Optic Cables Undersea 15.8.2014

Google is reinforcing its underwater fibre-optic cables to protect against future shark attacks
Google is reinforcing its private underwater fibre-optic cables with an extra layer of protective material in order to protect its 100,000 miles of cables from sharks.
Sharks and other fish are attracted to the cables, thought by some to be due to the electromagnetic signals emitted by the lines, but they are easily damaged. The cables already have existing protective materials designed to shelter them from the various dangers of the environment, but will now be coated with a 'Kevlar-like' material to provide even more protection.
Fibre-optic cables are made of strands of glass, and are thus much less durable than copper cables. Google wants to prevent its own cables from sustaining further damage after seeing underwater surveillance footage of sharks biting the cables.
IT Pro has contacted Google for more information on the plans and will update the story as soon as we know more.

Willys America Battery Boxes and Cables

How We Make High Performance Copper Cables | Hitachi Cable America

This video demonstrates the process of creating high performance copper cables at Hitachi CableAmerica.
Learn more about our high performance copper cables at the link below:
http://www.hca.hitachi-cable.com/products/hca/products/performance-cable-products.php

Speakers:
Elena Badiola, Telefonica.
Elena Badiola, Hibernia Networks
SAm-1 Cable: Lessons from 14 years of Operations When the Sam-1 submarine cable was built in 2000, the maximum capacity it would allow with the available technology at the time was 1.96 Tbps. Halfway through its life, Sam-1 has a current maximum capacity ten times larger as it was when initially launched. In this presentation we will go through the different lessons and challenges that Telefonica has faced in the last fourteen years with Sam-1, and those anticipated in the future. When Sam-1 was planned the engineers within Telefonica and even the vendors thought that its full potential capacity would never be filled. It was a huge project, conceived as an investment to serve Telefonica group's international needs. The bandwidth that was sold to the customers at that time was around 2 Mbps. It was still the X.25 era in Latin America. Sam-1 was planned to link the Americas together, from the US, to Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, across the Andes (and this was another adventure itself), Chile, Peru, across Guatemala, and back to the US. At that time there were plenty of funds to allow such an investment. In 2007 the network expansions to Colombia, northern Peru and Ecuador were installed. The presentation will highlight some of the design engineering criteria that have been keys to success, for example, building highly resilient wet and dry plants. We will cover Telefonica's daily, weekly, monthly and yearly maintenance processes to avoid service outages. We will also share the painful lessons of corrective maintenance. The talk will also cover the management of processes and vendors to reduce operational costs without negatively impacting quality. We will talk about past and future network upgrades, including our thoughts and findings of our recent tests using Gridless WDM y 200Gb Waves (with 16QAM modulation), as well as new segments (US-Brazil), reusing capacity in the Pacific-side segments and will also explain how Unisur and PCCS cables complement the SAm-1 system. Submarine Cables - The Hidden Asset Submarine Cables have been with us for over 150 years, through three distinct eras, and for the majority of that time they have been the "hidden asset" within the network, there has never been a song and dance about the existence of submarine cables. This paper starts by looking at the history of submarine cables in the North Atlantic then looks at some of the technology in use on cables today. One of the most confusing areas of Submarine Cables is how they are installed and maintained and this paper shall take a detailed look at the methodology, timing and issues surrounding these two areas.

WikiLeaks Bank Of America Cables

Thin underwater cables hold the internet. See a map of them all.

Your internet isn't just underwater. It's also covered in Vaseline. FollowPhil Edwards and Vox Almanac on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/philedwardsinc1/
Map by TeleGeography: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/
Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO
The internet is known to pulse through fiber optic cables and cell phone towers, but 99% of high-speed international information is transferred under the sea. How long has this been happening? Underwater cables delivering information isn't a novel idea — the first Transatlantic cable was laid in 1858—undersea cables have been around since the telegraph.
Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H
Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

published: 19 Oct 2015

Undersea Cables Power The Internet

Every time you visit a web page or send an email, data is being sent and received through an intricate cable system that stretches around the globe. Since the 1850s, we've been laying cables across oceans to become better connected. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of miles of fiber optic cables constantly transmitting data between nations.
Subscribe to BI: Science - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9uD-W5zQHQuAVT2GdcLCvg
Science Insider tells you all you need to know about science: space, medicine, biotech, physiology, and more.
Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/science
Science Insider on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BusinessInsiderScience/
Science Insider on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/science_insider/
Business Insider on T...

BILBAO, SPAIN / VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA — Microsoft, Facebook and Spanish telecommunications giant Telxius have just completed work on a massive continent-to-continent underwater cable.
According to a Microsoft news release, the Marea undersea cable is comprised of eight pairs of fiber optic cables, encircled by copper, a layer of hard-plastic and a waterproof coating.
The subsea cable stretches over 4,000 miles from the U.S. east coast at Virginia Beach, to Spain's north coast at Bilbao.
When laying the cable, engineers had to account for an average depth of 11,000 feet and hazards including coral reefs, earthquake zones and active volcanoes.
The cable can transmit a maximum of 160 terabits per second. That's the equivalent of 71 million streaming high definition videos.
---------...

published: 26 Sep 2017

Animated Map of the World's Undersea Internet Cables

http://www.businessinsider.com/animated-map-global-fiber-optic-internet-cables-2015-9 ---- 99% of international data is transmitted by wires at the bottom of the ocean called submarine communications cables. In total, they are hundreds of thousands of miles long and can be as deep as Everest Is tall. The cables are installed by special boats called cable-layers. It’s more than a matter of dropping wires with anvils attached to them—the cables must generally be run across flat surfaces of the ocean floor, and care is taken to avoid coral reefs, sunken ships, fish beds, and other ecological habitats and general obstructions. The diameter of a shallow water cable is about the same as a soda can, while deep water cables are much thinner—about the size of a Magic Marker. The size difference is ...

published: 17 Mar 2017

How Undersea Internet Fiber Optic Cables Are Laid On The Ocean Floor

Laying of cables in the oceans of our world is a fascinating business. Men and women toil long and tedious hours to make this possible. Submarine cables are laid down by using specially-modified ships that carry the submarine cable on board and slowly lay it out on the seabed as per the plans given by the cable operator. The ships can carry with them up to 2,000km-length of cable. Depending on the equipment on-board the cable-ship, the type of plow used, the sea conditions and the ocean-bed where the cable is being laid down, cable ships can do anywhere from 100-150km of cable laying per day. Newer ships and plows now do about 200km of cable laying per day.
The cables are specially constructed for submarine operations as they have to endure harsh conditions as well as pressure. Fiber opti...

Please visit http://www.lyric-audio.de
Where to hear our wonderful amplifiers:
http://www.lyric-audio.de/haendler.html
With our team, we are constantly working on refinements and new devices. Our ambition is high: we want to offer our customers to achieve musicality and naturalness in in music reproduction.
AVShowrooms is proud to support http://www.lyric-audio.de/
_______________________________________________________
Please visit http://www.avshowrooms.com and http://avshowroomsforums.com for the best high performance product videos and forums on the Internet. We are the premier destination for high end audio equipment reviews, company tours, show reports and forums.

published: 21 Oct 2018

Shark Bites Fiber Optic Cables Undersea 15.8.2014

Google is reinforcing its underwater fibre-optic cables to protect against future shark attacks
Google is reinforcing its private underwater fibre-optic cables with an extra layer of protective material in order to protect its 100,000 miles of cables from sharks.
Sharks and other fish are attracted to the cables, thought by some to be due to the electromagnetic signals emitted by the lines, but they are easily damaged. The cables already have existing protective materials designed to shelter them from the various dangers of the environment, but will now be coated with a 'Kevlar-like' material to provide even more protection.
Fibre-optic cables are made of strands of glass, and are thus much less durable than copper cables. Google wants to prevent its own cables from sustaining further d...

published: 15 Aug 2014

Willys America Battery Boxes and Cables

How We Make High Performance Copper Cables | Hitachi Cable America

This video demonstrates the process of creating high performance copper cables at Hitachi CableAmerica.
Learn more about our high performance copper cables at the link below:
http://www.hca.hitachi-cable.com/products/hca/products/performance-cable-products.php

Descending The Cables At Half Dome

Speakers:
Elena Badiola, Telefonica.
Elena Badiola, Hibernia Networks
SAm-1 Cable: Lessons from 14 years of Operations When the Sam-1 submarine cable was built in 2000, the maximum capacity it would allow with the available technology at the time was 1.96 Tbps. Halfway through its life, Sam-1 has a current maximum capacity ten times larger as it was when initially launched. In this presentation we will go through the different lessons and challenges that Telefonica has faced in the last fourteen years with Sam-1, and those anticipated in the future. When Sam-1 was planned the engineers within Telefonica and even the vendors thought that its full potential capacity would never be filled. It was a huge project, conceived as an investment to serve Telefonica group's international needs. The ...

Your internet isn't just underwater. It's also covered in Vaseline. FollowPhil Edwards and Vox Almanac on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/philedwardsinc1/
Map by TeleGeography: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/
Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO
The internet is known to pulse through fiber optic cables and cell phone towers, but 99% of high-speed international information is transferred under the sea. How long has this been happening? Underwater cables delivering information isn't a novel idea — the first Transatlantic cable was laid in 1858—undersea cables have been around since the telegraph.
Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H
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Your internet isn't just underwater. It's also covered in Vaseline. FollowPhil Edwards and Vox Almanac on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/philedwardsinc1/
Map by TeleGeography: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/
Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO
The internet is known to pulse through fiber optic cables and cell phone towers, but 99% of high-speed international information is transferred under the sea. How long has this been happening? Underwater cables delivering information isn't a novel idea — the first Transatlantic cable was laid in 1858—undersea cables have been around since the telegraph.
Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H
Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Undersea Cables Power The Internet

Every time you visit a web page or send an email, data is being sent and received through an intricate cable system that stretches around the globe. Since the 1...

Every time you visit a web page or send an email, data is being sent and received through an intricate cable system that stretches around the globe. Since the 1850s, we've been laying cables across oceans to become better connected. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of miles of fiber optic cables constantly transmitting data between nations.
Subscribe to BI: Science - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9uD-W5zQHQuAVT2GdcLCvg
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Tech Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

Every time you visit a web page or send an email, data is being sent and received through an intricate cable system that stretches around the globe. Since the 1850s, we've been laying cables across oceans to become better connected. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of miles of fiber optic cables constantly transmitting data between nations.
Subscribe to BI: Science - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9uD-W5zQHQuAVT2GdcLCvg
Science Insider tells you all you need to know about science: space, medicine, biotech, physiology, and more.
Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/science
Science Insider on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BusinessInsiderScience/
Science Insider on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/science_insider/
Business Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/businessinsider
Tech Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

BILBAO, SPAIN / VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA — Microsoft, Facebook and Spanish telecommunications giant Telxius have just completed work on a massive continent-to-continent underwater cable.
According to a Microsoft news release, the Marea undersea cable is comprised of eight pairs of fiber optic cables, encircled by copper, a layer of hard-plastic and a waterproof coating.
The subsea cable stretches over 4,000 miles from the U.S. east coast at Virginia Beach, to Spain's north coast at Bilbao.
When laying the cable, engineers had to account for an average depth of 11,000 feet and hazards including coral reefs, earthquake zones and active volcanoes.
The cable can transmit a maximum of 160 terabits per second. That's the equivalent of 71 million streaming high definition videos.
----------------------------------------­---------------------
TomoNews is your best source for real news. We cover the funniest, craziest and most talked-about stories on the internet. Our tone is irreverent and unapologetic. If you’re laughing, we’re laughing. If you’re outraged, we’re outraged. We tell it like it is. And because we can animate stories, TomoNews brings you news like you’ve never seen before.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.com
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
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BILBAO, SPAIN / VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA — Microsoft, Facebook and Spanish telecommunications giant Telxius have just completed work on a massive continent-to-continent underwater cable.
According to a Microsoft news release, the Marea undersea cable is comprised of eight pairs of fiber optic cables, encircled by copper, a layer of hard-plastic and a waterproof coating.
The subsea cable stretches over 4,000 miles from the U.S. east coast at Virginia Beach, to Spain's north coast at Bilbao.
When laying the cable, engineers had to account for an average depth of 11,000 feet and hazards including coral reefs, earthquake zones and active volcanoes.
The cable can transmit a maximum of 160 terabits per second. That's the equivalent of 71 million streaming high definition videos.
----------------------------------------­---------------------
TomoNews is your best source for real news. We cover the funniest, craziest and most talked-about stories on the internet. Our tone is irreverent and unapologetic. If you’re laughing, we’re laughing. If you’re outraged, we’re outraged. We tell it like it is. And because we can animate stories, TomoNews brings you news like you’ve never seen before.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.com
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
Check out our iOS app: http://bit.ly/1gO3z1f
Get top stories delivered to your inbox everyday: http://bit.ly/tomo-newsletter
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Animated Map of the World's Undersea Internet Cables

http://www.businessinsider.com/animated-map-global-fiber-optic-internet-cables-2015-9 ---- 99% of international data is transmitted by wires at the bottom of th...

http://www.businessinsider.com/animated-map-global-fiber-optic-internet-cables-2015-9 ---- 99% of international data is transmitted by wires at the bottom of the ocean called submarine communications cables. In total, they are hundreds of thousands of miles long and can be as deep as Everest Is tall. The cables are installed by special boats called cable-layers. It’s more than a matter of dropping wires with anvils attached to them—the cables must generally be run across flat surfaces of the ocean floor, and care is taken to avoid coral reefs, sunken ships, fish beds, and other ecological habitats and general obstructions. The diameter of a shallow water cable is about the same as a soda can, while deep water cables are much thinner—about the size of a Magic Marker. The size difference is related to simple vulnerability—there’s not much going on 8,000 feet below sea level; consequently, there’s less need for galvanized shielding wire. Cables located at shallow depths are buried beneath the ocean floor using high pressure water jets. Though per-mile prices for installation change depending on total length and destination, running a cable across the ocean invariably costs hundreds of millions of dollars.
Sharks are trying to eat the Internet.
There’s disagreement as to why, exactly, sharks like gnawing on submarine communications cables. Maybe it has something to do with electromagnetic fields. Maybe they’re just curious. Maybe they’re trying to disrupt our communications infrastructure before mounting a land-based assault. (Haha) The point remains that sharks are chewing on the Internet, and sometimes damage it. In response, companies such as Google are shielding their cables in shark-proof wire wrappers.
In 1854, installation began on the first transatlantic telegraph cable, which connected Newfoundland and Ireland. Four years later the first transmission was sent, reading: “Laws, Whitehouse received five minutes signal. Coil signals too weak to relay. Try drive slow and regular. I have put intermediate pulley. Reply by coils.” This is, admittedly, not very inspiring. (“Whitehouse” referred to Wildman Whitehouse, the chief electrician of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, who we’ve discussed previously.) For historical context: During those four years of cable construction, Charles Dickens was still writing novels; Walt Whitman published Leaves of Grass; a small settlement called Dallas was formally incorporated in Texas; and Abraham Lincoln, candidate for the U.S. Senate, gave his “House Divided” speech.
As of 2014, there are 285 communications cables at the bottom of the ocean, and 22 of them are not yet in use. These are called “dark cables.” (Once they’re switched on, they’re said to be “lit.”) Submarine cables have a life expectancy of 25 years, during which time they are considered economically viable from a capacity standpoint. Over the last decade, however, global data consumption has exploded. In 2013, Internet traffic was 5 gigabytes per capita; this number is expected to reach 14 gigabytes per capita by 2018. Such an increase would obviously pose a capacity problem and require more frequent cable upgrades. However, new techniques in phase modulation and improvements in submarine line terminal equipment (SLTE) have boosted capacity in some places by as much as 8000%. The wires we have are more than ready for the traffic to come.

http://www.businessinsider.com/animated-map-global-fiber-optic-internet-cables-2015-9 ---- 99% of international data is transmitted by wires at the bottom of the ocean called submarine communications cables. In total, they are hundreds of thousands of miles long and can be as deep as Everest Is tall. The cables are installed by special boats called cable-layers. It’s more than a matter of dropping wires with anvils attached to them—the cables must generally be run across flat surfaces of the ocean floor, and care is taken to avoid coral reefs, sunken ships, fish beds, and other ecological habitats and general obstructions. The diameter of a shallow water cable is about the same as a soda can, while deep water cables are much thinner—about the size of a Magic Marker. The size difference is related to simple vulnerability—there’s not much going on 8,000 feet below sea level; consequently, there’s less need for galvanized shielding wire. Cables located at shallow depths are buried beneath the ocean floor using high pressure water jets. Though per-mile prices for installation change depending on total length and destination, running a cable across the ocean invariably costs hundreds of millions of dollars.
Sharks are trying to eat the Internet.
There’s disagreement as to why, exactly, sharks like gnawing on submarine communications cables. Maybe it has something to do with electromagnetic fields. Maybe they’re just curious. Maybe they’re trying to disrupt our communications infrastructure before mounting a land-based assault. (Haha) The point remains that sharks are chewing on the Internet, and sometimes damage it. In response, companies such as Google are shielding their cables in shark-proof wire wrappers.
In 1854, installation began on the first transatlantic telegraph cable, which connected Newfoundland and Ireland. Four years later the first transmission was sent, reading: “Laws, Whitehouse received five minutes signal. Coil signals too weak to relay. Try drive slow and regular. I have put intermediate pulley. Reply by coils.” This is, admittedly, not very inspiring. (“Whitehouse” referred to Wildman Whitehouse, the chief electrician of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, who we’ve discussed previously.) For historical context: During those four years of cable construction, Charles Dickens was still writing novels; Walt Whitman published Leaves of Grass; a small settlement called Dallas was formally incorporated in Texas; and Abraham Lincoln, candidate for the U.S. Senate, gave his “House Divided” speech.
As of 2014, there are 285 communications cables at the bottom of the ocean, and 22 of them are not yet in use. These are called “dark cables.” (Once they’re switched on, they’re said to be “lit.”) Submarine cables have a life expectancy of 25 years, during which time they are considered economically viable from a capacity standpoint. Over the last decade, however, global data consumption has exploded. In 2013, Internet traffic was 5 gigabytes per capita; this number is expected to reach 14 gigabytes per capita by 2018. Such an increase would obviously pose a capacity problem and require more frequent cable upgrades. However, new techniques in phase modulation and improvements in submarine line terminal equipment (SLTE) have boosted capacity in some places by as much as 8000%. The wires we have are more than ready for the traffic to come.

How Undersea Internet Fiber Optic Cables Are Laid On The Ocean Floor

Laying of cables in the oceans of our world is a fascinating business. Men and women toil long and tedious hours to make this possible. Submarine cables are lai...

Laying of cables in the oceans of our world is a fascinating business. Men and women toil long and tedious hours to make this possible. Submarine cables are laid down by using specially-modified ships that carry the submarine cable on board and slowly lay it out on the seabed as per the plans given by the cable operator. The ships can carry with them up to 2,000km-length of cable. Depending on the equipment on-board the cable-ship, the type of plow used, the sea conditions and the ocean-bed where the cable is being laid down, cable ships can do anywhere from 100-150km of cable laying per day. Newer ships and plows now do about 200km of cable laying per day.
The cables are specially constructed for submarine operations as they have to endure harsh conditions as well as pressure. Fiber optic cables carry DWDM [Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing] laser signals at a rate of terabytes per second. They use optical repeaters to strengthen the signal which attenuates over long distances.
They have a decade lifespan and costs vary (depending on the length of the cable). The typical cost for a project is anywhere from $100m-$500m. We don't use satellites because they can't carry terabytes of data for less than a billion dollars per communication line.
The coiling of hundreds of miles of cable in the cargo hold is a process that can take between three to four weeks to complete.
Submarine cable laying process starts from the landing station, where a long cable section is attached (connected) to the landing point and then extended out to a few miles in the sea. This end is connected to the cable on the ship and then the ship starts its cable laying process.
The process also involves a plow. The cable is not simply left to sit on the ocean bed, but is actually being fed into a plow, that lays the cable into a trench.
Depending on where the cable is laid out, the cable coming in from the ocean to the landing station might be advertised or not. Most of the time cable consortium companies try to hide the cable as much as they can, so that only those who need to know – municipalities, port authorities and shipping companies – are informed of the exact route of the cable.
When cables are damaged, either divers or specialized small submersibles with cameras and lights are sent down to the seabed to investigate where the cuts are. Then, either the divers or robotic arms on the submersible bring the two ends of the cable to the surface, where they are re-spliced and joined again.
Music: Bottom of the Sea (InstrumentalVersion) by DhruvaAliman
https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along
http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/

Laying of cables in the oceans of our world is a fascinating business. Men and women toil long and tedious hours to make this possible. Submarine cables are laid down by using specially-modified ships that carry the submarine cable on board and slowly lay it out on the seabed as per the plans given by the cable operator. The ships can carry with them up to 2,000km-length of cable. Depending on the equipment on-board the cable-ship, the type of plow used, the sea conditions and the ocean-bed where the cable is being laid down, cable ships can do anywhere from 100-150km of cable laying per day. Newer ships and plows now do about 200km of cable laying per day.
The cables are specially constructed for submarine operations as they have to endure harsh conditions as well as pressure. Fiber optic cables carry DWDM [Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing] laser signals at a rate of terabytes per second. They use optical repeaters to strengthen the signal which attenuates over long distances.
They have a decade lifespan and costs vary (depending on the length of the cable). The typical cost for a project is anywhere from $100m-$500m. We don't use satellites because they can't carry terabytes of data for less than a billion dollars per communication line.
The coiling of hundreds of miles of cable in the cargo hold is a process that can take between three to four weeks to complete.
Submarine cable laying process starts from the landing station, where a long cable section is attached (connected) to the landing point and then extended out to a few miles in the sea. This end is connected to the cable on the ship and then the ship starts its cable laying process.
The process also involves a plow. The cable is not simply left to sit on the ocean bed, but is actually being fed into a plow, that lays the cable into a trench.
Depending on where the cable is laid out, the cable coming in from the ocean to the landing station might be advertised or not. Most of the time cable consortium companies try to hide the cable as much as they can, so that only those who need to know – municipalities, port authorities and shipping companies – are informed of the exact route of the cable.
When cables are damaged, either divers or specialized small submersibles with cameras and lights are sent down to the seabed to investigate where the cuts are. Then, either the divers or robotic arms on the submersible bring the two ends of the cable to the surface, where they are re-spliced and joined again.
Music: Bottom of the Sea (InstrumentalVersion) by DhruvaAliman
https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along
http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/

Please visit http://www.lyric-audio.de
Where to hear our wonderful amplifiers:
http://www.lyric-audio.de/haendler.html
With our team, we are constantly working on refinements and new devices. Our ambition is high: we want to offer our customers to achieve musicality and naturalness in in music reproduction.
AVShowrooms is proud to support http://www.lyric-audio.de/
_______________________________________________________
Please visit http://www.avshowrooms.com and http://avshowroomsforums.com for the best high performance product videos and forums on the Internet. We are the premier destination for high end audio equipment reviews, company tours, show reports and forums.

Please visit http://www.lyric-audio.de
Where to hear our wonderful amplifiers:
http://www.lyric-audio.de/haendler.html
With our team, we are constantly working on refinements and new devices. Our ambition is high: we want to offer our customers to achieve musicality and naturalness in in music reproduction.
AVShowrooms is proud to support http://www.lyric-audio.de/
_______________________________________________________
Please visit http://www.avshowrooms.com and http://avshowroomsforums.com for the best high performance product videos and forums on the Internet. We are the premier destination for high end audio equipment reviews, company tours, show reports and forums.

Google is reinforcing its underwater fibre-optic cables to protect against future shark attacks
Google is reinforcing its private underwater fibre-optic cables with an extra layer of protective material in order to protect its 100,000 miles of cables from sharks.
Sharks and other fish are attracted to the cables, thought by some to be due to the electromagnetic signals emitted by the lines, but they are easily damaged. The cables already have existing protective materials designed to shelter them from the various dangers of the environment, but will now be coated with a 'Kevlar-like' material to provide even more protection.
Fibre-optic cables are made of strands of glass, and are thus much less durable than copper cables. Google wants to prevent its own cables from sustaining further damage after seeing underwater surveillance footage of sharks biting the cables.
IT Pro has contacted Google for more information on the plans and will update the story as soon as we know more.

Google is reinforcing its underwater fibre-optic cables to protect against future shark attacks
Google is reinforcing its private underwater fibre-optic cables with an extra layer of protective material in order to protect its 100,000 miles of cables from sharks.
Sharks and other fish are attracted to the cables, thought by some to be due to the electromagnetic signals emitted by the lines, but they are easily damaged. The cables already have existing protective materials designed to shelter them from the various dangers of the environment, but will now be coated with a 'Kevlar-like' material to provide even more protection.
Fibre-optic cables are made of strands of glass, and are thus much less durable than copper cables. Google wants to prevent its own cables from sustaining further damage after seeing underwater surveillance footage of sharks biting the cables.
IT Pro has contacted Google for more information on the plans and will update the story as soon as we know more.

How We Make High Performance Copper Cables | Hitachi Cable America

This video demonstrates the process of creating high performance copper cables at Hitachi CableAmerica.
Learn more about our high performance copper cables ...

This video demonstrates the process of creating high performance copper cables at Hitachi CableAmerica.
Learn more about our high performance copper cables at the link below:
http://www.hca.hitachi-cable.com/products/hca/products/performance-cable-products.php

This video demonstrates the process of creating high performance copper cables at Hitachi CableAmerica.
Learn more about our high performance copper cables at the link below:
http://www.hca.hitachi-cable.com/products/hca/products/performance-cable-products.php

Speakers:
Elena Badiola, Telefonica.
Elena Badiola, Hibernia Networks
SAm-1 Cable: Lessons from 14 years of Operations When the Sam-1 submarine cable was built in 2000, the maximum capacity it would allow with the available technology at the time was 1.96 Tbps. Halfway through its life, Sam-1 has a current maximum capacity ten times larger as it was when initially launched. In this presentation we will go through the different lessons and challenges that Telefonica has faced in the last fourteen years with Sam-1, and those anticipated in the future. When Sam-1 was planned the engineers within Telefonica and even the vendors thought that its full potential capacity would never be filled. It was a huge project, conceived as an investment to serve Telefonica group's international needs. The bandwidth that was sold to the customers at that time was around 2 Mbps. It was still the X.25 era in Latin America. Sam-1 was planned to link the Americas together, from the US, to Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, across the Andes (and this was another adventure itself), Chile, Peru, across Guatemala, and back to the US. At that time there were plenty of funds to allow such an investment. In 2007 the network expansions to Colombia, northern Peru and Ecuador were installed. The presentation will highlight some of the design engineering criteria that have been keys to success, for example, building highly resilient wet and dry plants. We will cover Telefonica's daily, weekly, monthly and yearly maintenance processes to avoid service outages. We will also share the painful lessons of corrective maintenance. The talk will also cover the management of processes and vendors to reduce operational costs without negatively impacting quality. We will talk about past and future network upgrades, including our thoughts and findings of our recent tests using Gridless WDM y 200Gb Waves (with 16QAM modulation), as well as new segments (US-Brazil), reusing capacity in the Pacific-side segments and will also explain how Unisur and PCCS cables complement the SAm-1 system. Submarine Cables - The Hidden Asset Submarine Cables have been with us for over 150 years, through three distinct eras, and for the majority of that time they have been the "hidden asset" within the network, there has never been a song and dance about the existence of submarine cables. This paper starts by looking at the history of submarine cables in the North Atlantic then looks at some of the technology in use on cables today. One of the most confusing areas of Submarine Cables is how they are installed and maintained and this paper shall take a detailed look at the methodology, timing and issues surrounding these two areas.

Speakers:
Elena Badiola, Telefonica.
Elena Badiola, Hibernia Networks
SAm-1 Cable: Lessons from 14 years of Operations When the Sam-1 submarine cable was built in 2000, the maximum capacity it would allow with the available technology at the time was 1.96 Tbps. Halfway through its life, Sam-1 has a current maximum capacity ten times larger as it was when initially launched. In this presentation we will go through the different lessons and challenges that Telefonica has faced in the last fourteen years with Sam-1, and those anticipated in the future. When Sam-1 was planned the engineers within Telefonica and even the vendors thought that its full potential capacity would never be filled. It was a huge project, conceived as an investment to serve Telefonica group's international needs. The bandwidth that was sold to the customers at that time was around 2 Mbps. It was still the X.25 era in Latin America. Sam-1 was planned to link the Americas together, from the US, to Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, across the Andes (and this was another adventure itself), Chile, Peru, across Guatemala, and back to the US. At that time there were plenty of funds to allow such an investment. In 2007 the network expansions to Colombia, northern Peru and Ecuador were installed. The presentation will highlight some of the design engineering criteria that have been keys to success, for example, building highly resilient wet and dry plants. We will cover Telefonica's daily, weekly, monthly and yearly maintenance processes to avoid service outages. We will also share the painful lessons of corrective maintenance. The talk will also cover the management of processes and vendors to reduce operational costs without negatively impacting quality. We will talk about past and future network upgrades, including our thoughts and findings of our recent tests using Gridless WDM y 200Gb Waves (with 16QAM modulation), as well as new segments (US-Brazil), reusing capacity in the Pacific-side segments and will also explain how Unisur and PCCS cables complement the SAm-1 system. Submarine Cables - The Hidden Asset Submarine Cables have been with us for over 150 years, through three distinct eras, and for the majority of that time they have been the "hidden asset" within the network, there has never been a song and dance about the existence of submarine cables. This paper starts by looking at the history of submarine cables in the North Atlantic then looks at some of the technology in use on cables today. One of the most confusing areas of Submarine Cables is how they are installed and maintained and this paper shall take a detailed look at the methodology, timing and issues surrounding these two areas.

Thin underwater cables hold the internet. See a map of them all.

Your internet isn't just underwater. It's also covered in Vaseline. FollowPhil Edwards and Vox Almanac on Facebook for more: https://www.facebook.com/philedwardsinc1/
Map by TeleGeography: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/
Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO
The internet is known to pulse through fiber optic cables and cell phone towers, but 99% of high-speed international information is transferred under the sea. How long has this been happening? Underwater cables delivering information isn't a novel idea — the first Transatlantic cable was laid in 1858—undersea cables have been around since the telegraph.
Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H
Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Undersea Cables Power The Internet

Every time you visit a web page or send an email, data is being sent and received through an intricate cable system that stretches around the globe. Since the 1850s, we've been laying cables across oceans to become better connected. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of miles of fiber optic cables constantly transmitting data between nations.
Subscribe to BI: Science - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9uD-W5zQHQuAVT2GdcLCvg
Science Insider tells you all you need to know about science: space, medicine, biotech, physiology, and more.
Subscribe to our channel and visit us at: http://www.businessinsider.com/science
Science Insider on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BusinessInsiderScience/
Science Insider on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/science_insider/
Business Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/businessinsider
Tech Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

BILBAO, SPAIN / VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA — Microsoft, Facebook and Spanish telecommunications giant Telxius have just completed work on a massive continent-to-continent underwater cable.
According to a Microsoft news release, the Marea undersea cable is comprised of eight pairs of fiber optic cables, encircled by copper, a layer of hard-plastic and a waterproof coating.
The subsea cable stretches over 4,000 miles from the U.S. east coast at Virginia Beach, to Spain's north coast at Bilbao.
When laying the cable, engineers had to account for an average depth of 11,000 feet and hazards including coral reefs, earthquake zones and active volcanoes.
The cable can transmit a maximum of 160 terabits per second. That's the equivalent of 71 million streaming high definition videos.
----------------------------------------­---------------------
TomoNews is your best source for real news. We cover the funniest, craziest and most talked-about stories on the internet. Our tone is irreverent and unapologetic. If you’re laughing, we’re laughing. If you’re outraged, we’re outraged. We tell it like it is. And because we can animate stories, TomoNews brings you news like you’ve never seen before.
Visit our official website for all the latest, uncensored videos: http://us.tomonews.com
Check out our Android app: http://bit.ly/1rddhCj
Check out our iOS app: http://bit.ly/1gO3z1f
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Animated Map of the World's Undersea Internet Cables

http://www.businessinsider.com/animated-map-global-fiber-optic-internet-cables-2015-9 ---- 99% of international data is transmitted by wires at the bottom of the ocean called submarine communications cables. In total, they are hundreds of thousands of miles long and can be as deep as Everest Is tall. The cables are installed by special boats called cable-layers. It’s more than a matter of dropping wires with anvils attached to them—the cables must generally be run across flat surfaces of the ocean floor, and care is taken to avoid coral reefs, sunken ships, fish beds, and other ecological habitats and general obstructions. The diameter of a shallow water cable is about the same as a soda can, while deep water cables are much thinner—about the size of a Magic Marker. The size difference is related to simple vulnerability—there’s not much going on 8,000 feet below sea level; consequently, there’s less need for galvanized shielding wire. Cables located at shallow depths are buried beneath the ocean floor using high pressure water jets. Though per-mile prices for installation change depending on total length and destination, running a cable across the ocean invariably costs hundreds of millions of dollars.
Sharks are trying to eat the Internet.
There’s disagreement as to why, exactly, sharks like gnawing on submarine communications cables. Maybe it has something to do with electromagnetic fields. Maybe they’re just curious. Maybe they’re trying to disrupt our communications infrastructure before mounting a land-based assault. (Haha) The point remains that sharks are chewing on the Internet, and sometimes damage it. In response, companies such as Google are shielding their cables in shark-proof wire wrappers.
In 1854, installation began on the first transatlantic telegraph cable, which connected Newfoundland and Ireland. Four years later the first transmission was sent, reading: “Laws, Whitehouse received five minutes signal. Coil signals too weak to relay. Try drive slow and regular. I have put intermediate pulley. Reply by coils.” This is, admittedly, not very inspiring. (“Whitehouse” referred to Wildman Whitehouse, the chief electrician of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, who we’ve discussed previously.) For historical context: During those four years of cable construction, Charles Dickens was still writing novels; Walt Whitman published Leaves of Grass; a small settlement called Dallas was formally incorporated in Texas; and Abraham Lincoln, candidate for the U.S. Senate, gave his “House Divided” speech.
As of 2014, there are 285 communications cables at the bottom of the ocean, and 22 of them are not yet in use. These are called “dark cables.” (Once they’re switched on, they’re said to be “lit.”) Submarine cables have a life expectancy of 25 years, during which time they are considered economically viable from a capacity standpoint. Over the last decade, however, global data consumption has exploded. In 2013, Internet traffic was 5 gigabytes per capita; this number is expected to reach 14 gigabytes per capita by 2018. Such an increase would obviously pose a capacity problem and require more frequent cable upgrades. However, new techniques in phase modulation and improvements in submarine line terminal equipment (SLTE) have boosted capacity in some places by as much as 8000%. The wires we have are more than ready for the traffic to come.

How Undersea Internet Fiber Optic Cables Are Laid On The Ocean Floor

Laying of cables in the oceans of our world is a fascinating business. Men and women toil long and tedious hours to make this possible. Submarine cables are laid down by using specially-modified ships that carry the submarine cable on board and slowly lay it out on the seabed as per the plans given by the cable operator. The ships can carry with them up to 2,000km-length of cable. Depending on the equipment on-board the cable-ship, the type of plow used, the sea conditions and the ocean-bed where the cable is being laid down, cable ships can do anywhere from 100-150km of cable laying per day. Newer ships and plows now do about 200km of cable laying per day.
The cables are specially constructed for submarine operations as they have to endure harsh conditions as well as pressure. Fiber optic cables carry DWDM [Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing] laser signals at a rate of terabytes per second. They use optical repeaters to strengthen the signal which attenuates over long distances.
They have a decade lifespan and costs vary (depending on the length of the cable). The typical cost for a project is anywhere from $100m-$500m. We don't use satellites because they can't carry terabytes of data for less than a billion dollars per communication line.
The coiling of hundreds of miles of cable in the cargo hold is a process that can take between three to four weeks to complete.
Submarine cable laying process starts from the landing station, where a long cable section is attached (connected) to the landing point and then extended out to a few miles in the sea. This end is connected to the cable on the ship and then the ship starts its cable laying process.
The process also involves a plow. The cable is not simply left to sit on the ocean bed, but is actually being fed into a plow, that lays the cable into a trench.
Depending on where the cable is laid out, the cable coming in from the ocean to the landing station might be advertised or not. Most of the time cable consortium companies try to hide the cable as much as they can, so that only those who need to know – municipalities, port authorities and shipping companies – are informed of the exact route of the cable.
When cables are damaged, either divers or specialized small submersibles with cameras and lights are sent down to the seabed to investigate where the cuts are. Then, either the divers or robotic arms on the submersible bring the two ends of the cable to the surface, where they are re-spliced and joined again.
Music: Bottom of the Sea (InstrumentalVersion) by DhruvaAliman
https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along
http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/

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Shark Bites Fiber Optic Cables Undersea 15.8.2014

Google is reinforcing its underwater fibre-optic cables to protect against future shark attacks
Google is reinforcing its private underwater fibre-optic cables with an extra layer of protective material in order to protect its 100,000 miles of cables from sharks.
Sharks and other fish are attracted to the cables, thought by some to be due to the electromagnetic signals emitted by the lines, but they are easily damaged. The cables already have existing protective materials designed to shelter them from the various dangers of the environment, but will now be coated with a 'Kevlar-like' material to provide even more protection.
Fibre-optic cables are made of strands of glass, and are thus much less durable than copper cables. Google wants to prevent its own cables from sustaining further damage after seeing underwater surveillance footage of sharks biting the cables.
IT Pro has contacted Google for more information on the plans and will update the story as soon as we know more.

How We Make High Performance Copper Cables | Hitachi Cable America

This video demonstrates the process of creating high performance copper cables at Hitachi CableAmerica.
Learn more about our high performance copper cables at the link below:
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Speakers:
Elena Badiola, Telefonica.
Elena Badiola, Hibernia Networks
SAm-1 Cable: Lessons from 14 years of Operations When the Sam-1 submarine cable was built in 2000, the maximum capacity it would allow with the available technology at the time was 1.96 Tbps. Halfway through its life, Sam-1 has a current maximum capacity ten times larger as it was when initially launched. In this presentation we will go through the different lessons and challenges that Telefonica has faced in the last fourteen years with Sam-1, and those anticipated in the future. When Sam-1 was planned the engineers within Telefonica and even the vendors thought that its full potential capacity would never be filled. It was a huge project, conceived as an investment to serve Telefonica group's international needs. The bandwidth that was sold to the customers at that time was around 2 Mbps. It was still the X.25 era in Latin America. Sam-1 was planned to link the Americas together, from the US, to Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, across the Andes (and this was another adventure itself), Chile, Peru, across Guatemala, and back to the US. At that time there were plenty of funds to allow such an investment. In 2007 the network expansions to Colombia, northern Peru and Ecuador were installed. The presentation will highlight some of the design engineering criteria that have been keys to success, for example, building highly resilient wet and dry plants. We will cover Telefonica's daily, weekly, monthly and yearly maintenance processes to avoid service outages. We will also share the painful lessons of corrective maintenance. The talk will also cover the management of processes and vendors to reduce operational costs without negatively impacting quality. We will talk about past and future network upgrades, including our thoughts and findings of our recent tests using Gridless WDM y 200Gb Waves (with 16QAM modulation), as well as new segments (US-Brazil), reusing capacity in the Pacific-side segments and will also explain how Unisur and PCCS cables complement the SAm-1 system. Submarine Cables - The Hidden Asset Submarine Cables have been with us for over 150 years, through three distinct eras, and for the majority of that time they have been the "hidden asset" within the network, there has never been a song and dance about the existence of submarine cables. This paper starts by looking at the history of submarine cables in the North Atlantic then looks at some of the technology in use on cables today. One of the most confusing areas of Submarine Cables is how they are installed and maintained and this paper shall take a detailed look at the methodology, timing and issues surrounding these two areas.

1995 Cup defense

In 1995, Bill Koch revamped the program to begin the first all-female, America's Cup boat. America3's successor, Mighty Mary, was on her way to the 1995 America's Cup, in the lead of the last race of the Defender Series over Stars & Stripes. But with a commanding lead of nearly 5 minutes, Dave Dellenbaugh (the only man on the otherwise all-female crew) committed a crucial tactical error and Stars & Stripes skipper Dennis Conner made a series of moves to beat Mighty Mary to the finish line by scant seconds. After winning the Defender Series, Conner opted to use the third syndicate that year, Young America, to defend the cup, losing to Team New Zealand, 5-0.

JACKSON, MO, JANUARY 14, 2019 – RHC will showcase the LavaCable product line at the 2019 NAMMShow (Booth #11510) ... Stoddard, a 35-year veteran guitarist, grew Lava Cable out of a love for music, good tone and the desire to produce innovative cable solutions using top-of-the-line America-made materials....

JACKSON, MO, JANUARY 14, 2019 – RHC will showcase the LavaCable product line at the 2019 NAMMShow (Booth #11510) ... Stoddard, a 35-year veteran guitarist, grew Lava Cable out of a love for music, good tone and the desire to produce innovative cable solutions using top-of-the-line America-made materials....

NBCU is planning to leverage the reach of cable corporate owner Comcast, new portfolio company Sky and other programming pipes ...People talk about cutting the cord all the time, but about 80 percent of the homes in America subscribe to cable or satellite, so 80 percent of the universe would get this for free....

The progressive nonprofit group Media Matters for America...Data release by liberal group Media Matters for America showed that Tlaib received 5 times for cable news coverage for her profanity-laced Trump comment than Steve King did for his recent "white supremacist" comments....

According to Tribune Broadcasting, the blackout affected nearly 6 million customers who had access to local Tribune stations, while 14 million customers lost access to WGNAmerica, the company’s basic cable network....

TribuneMedia stations and WGNAmerica have been restored on Charter Communicationscable systems after the sides came to terms on a new carriage deal covering 33 stations and WGN America. Tribune stations went dark shortly after 5 p.m. ET on Jan. 2 after the sides failed to reach an agreement against a Dec. 31 […] ... ....