课时1：代词的类别和作用

本课程根据外国学生学习汉语的特点，比较系统地介绍了汉语的主要语法，像词类、句子成分、单句、复句、篇章、表达方法，等等；着重指出了外国学习者学习汉语语法的难点和重点，并通过大量有针对性的练习，帮助学习者去掌握、运用，从而提高学习者的汉语水平。
According to the characteristics of the foreign student learning Chinese, this course systematically introduces the main grammar of Chinese, such as part of speech, sentence constituent, single sentence, complex sentence, discourse, expression method. This course emphatically points out the important and difficult points in the foreign student’s Chinese grammar learning, and through a large number of targeted trainings, the course helps learners to master and use, thus to improve Chinese level of the learner.

这个"我们" （2）"咱" 也是第一人称单数，指代说话人，但是方言说法复数形式是 "咱们"。
The “wo men” (we) here (2) “Zan” (we)
is also the first person singular, referring to the speaker, but it is the form of dialect. The plural form is “zan men” (we).

这里面 "它们" 呢是指前面的这些苹果 所以呢也是指个东西。 The “ta men” (them) here refers to these apples mentioned above. And they are also things.

2. 2.

指示代词称代人或事物等的代词叫做指示代词 Demonstrative pronounPronouns that are used in place of people or things are called demonstrative pronouns

汉语的指示代词有近指和远指的区别 近指用 "这"，远指用 "那"。 Demonstrative pronouns in Chinese are different in near and far demonstrative pronoun. “zhe” (here) is used for near demonstrative pronoun. “na” (there) is used for far demonstrative pronoun.

汉语的指示代词主要有 我们看一下这个表格。 Demonstrative pronouns in Chinese mainly include let us see the chart.

那么 指代处所的，那么近指有 Well, near demonstrative pronouns referring to the place include

"你们是怎么样找到他的？" （二）代词的作用 How did you find him? (II) the function of pronoun
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代词可以做主语、 宾语、 定语，有的还可以做状语、 谓语 1.
Pronouns can be used as subject, object, attribute, and some can also be used as adverbs, predicate 1.

做主语。 Used as subject

①这是书，那是本子。 ① This is a book, and that is a notebook.

这里面的 "这""那" 都是主语。 “zhe” (this), “na” (that) are subjects.

②这儿不能抽烟。 ② No smoking here.

这里的 "这儿" 也是主语。 The “zhe er” (here) is also the subject.

2. 2.

做宾语 ①我住这儿，这里的 "这儿" 是一个宾语。 Used as object ①I live here. The “zhe er” (here) is an object.

你住那儿。 You live there.

这里的 "那儿" 也是宾语 例二的你觉得怎么样？这个 "怎么样" 呢也是一个宾语 3.
The “na er” (there) is also an object. In the example two, what do you think? The
“zen me yang” (what) is also an object.

作定语。 Used asattributive

我们看例一的，这钱我不能要！这个 "这" 是做定语。 Let us see an example. I cannot accept this money. The “zhe” (this) is used as an attribute.

例二的那人是谁？那 "那" 也是定语 Example two, who is that? The “na” (that) is also an attribute.

代词作定语带 "的" 的问题 Pronouns used as attributes with “de”

（1）人称代词做表示人的名词的定语，一般不带"的" 做其他名词的定语，要带 "的"。 (1) There is no “de” after personal pronouns used as the attributive of nouns referring to people. And when personal pronouns are used as the attributive of other nouns, “de” shall be used after personal pronouns.

例如：他爸爸 这个 "他" 我们说后面没有 "的"。 For example: “ta” (his) father There is no “de” after “ta” here.

你弟弟 这个 "你" 后面也没有 "的"。 “ni” (your) brother There is no “de” after “ni” as well

"怎么样"作定语 中心语一般为 "一 + 量词 + and “zen me yang” are used as attributes, the head is generally formed with “yi (one)+quantifier+
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名词"，不能是单个的名词 例如，我们看一看，他是怎样/怎么样的一个人
noun”, and the single noun is wrong here. For instance, let us take a look, what kind of “yi ge ren” (a person) he is?

你不知道吗？这样的一个句子啊是 错误的。 don’t you know? This sentence is wrong.

为什么呢？这个 "人" 是一个名词。 Why? The “ren” (person) here is a noun.

正确的说法应该是什么呢？ 他是怎样或者是怎么样的一个人，也就是说应该是 What is the right expression? how does he look like or what kind of person is him? That is to say,

数词 + 量词 + 名词，而不能是单个的名词 4. It should not be a single noun but numeral + quantifier + noun. 4.

做状语 ①今天这么热，不去怎么样？这个句子里面 "这么" 就是做状语的。 Used as adverbial① It is so hot today. Is it okay that we do not go? The “zhe me” (so) is used as adverbial here.

第二个 咱们怎么去公园？这个 "怎么" 呢也是做状语 5. Example two, How do we go to the park?The “zen me” (how) is also used as adverbial. 5.