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Racing rules of sailing

44. Penalties at the time of an incident. 44.1 Taking a Penalty. A boat may take a Two-Turns Penalty when she may have broken one or more rules of Part 2 (when boats meet) in an incident while racing. She may take a One-Turn Penalty when she may have broken rule 31 (touching a mark). Alternatively, sailing instructions may specify the use of the Scoring Penalty or some other penalty, in which case the specified penalty shall replace the One-Turn and the Two-Turns Penalty.