Iman and kufr word count in the Qur'an

This article lists all occurrences of the Arabic words iman (إِيمَٰن) and kufr (كُفْر) in the Qur'an. Iman means faith or belief, kufr means disbelief or infidelity. The purpose is to analyze the claim (miracle) that they both appear 25 times when counting without the genitive forms.

Contents

Arabic grammar

In order to count genitive forms we have to know how to determine whether a word is in the genitive.

Trilateral root

Most Arabic words have a trilateral root.

iman has the root امن (i-m-n)

kufr has the root كفر (k-f-r)

From these roots we can derive many words by adding (or sometimes dropping) letters like:

kuffar - "disbelievers"

mumineen - "believers"

amanna - "we believe"

nakfuru - "we disbelieve"

Genitive

Whether the word is in the nominative, accusative or genitive form depends on diacritics on the third letter of the root.[1] So r (ر) in kufr and n (ن) in iman.

To put it very simply:

و above the letter (looks like this: نُ, رُ or رٌ) mean it is nominative and the vowel after the letter is "u"

ٱلْإِيمَٰنُ - al-imanu - the faith

إِيمَٰنُهُمْ - imanuhum - their faith

line(s) above the letter (نَ, رَ, رً) mean it is accusative and the vowel after the letter is "a".

ٱلْكُفْرَ - al-kufra - the disbelief

line(s) under the letter (رِ, نٍ, نِ) mean it is genitive and the vowel after the letter is "i" ("ee")

ٱلْكُفْرِ - al-kufri - the disbelief

بِكُفْرِهِمْ -- bi-kufrihim - for their disbelief

Possessive pronouns as suffixes

Words like "her", "my", "their" in Arabic are suffixed to the word. For example the suffix -him (هم) means "their". So kufrihim (كُفْرِهِمْ) is "their disbelief". The word بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّ (bi-imaanihinna, "of their faith") is genitive, because the root letter is in the middle and the -hinna is just a suffix meaning (feminine) "their". This word ended on -na, but it had -ni- in the middle (the root letter) and it is genitive, so don't just look at the last letter of the word to determine whether it is genitive.

Conjunctions as prefixes

English words like "and", "for", "with" are prefixed to the word in the Arabic language:

"and" is prefixed as waw- (و)

"for" or "to" is prefixed as li- (ل)

"with" or "in" is prefixed as bi- (ب)

Iman

The genitive case is actually not needed here to be recognized. In fact, we will see that apologists didn't exclude the genitive forms for this word count. They excluded the words with the suffixes like "their", "her" and "his" and they just call them "genitive".

The occurrences with suffixed possessive pronouns are counted in the "Translation" column.

Count

Verse

Word in Arabic

Translation

Form

1

2:93

إِيمَٰنُكُمْ

your faith 1

nominative 1

2

2:108

بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ

with faith

genitive 1

3

2:109

إِيمَٰنِكُمْ

your faith 2

genitive 2

4

2:143

إِيمَٰنَكُمْ

your faith 3

accusative 1

5

3:86

إِيمَٰنِهِمْ

their faith 4

genitive 3

6

3:90

إِيمَٰنِهِمْ

their faith 5

genitive 4

7

3:100

إِيمَٰنِكُمْ

your faith 6

genitive 5

8

3:106

إِيمَٰنِكُمْ

your faith 7

genitive 6

9

3:167

لِلْإِيمَٰنِ

to the faith

genitive 7

10

3:173

إِيمَٰنًا

faith

accusative 2

11

3:177

بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ

with the faith

genitive 8

12

3:193

لِلْإِيمَٰنِ

to the faith

genitive 9

13

4:25

بِإِيمَٰنِكُم

of your faith 8

genitive 10

14

5:5

بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ

in faith

genitive 11

15

6:82

إِيمَٰنَهُم

their faith 9

accusative 3

16

6:158

إِيمَٰنُهَا

her faith 10

nominative 2

17

6:158

إِيمَٰنِهَا

her faith 11

genitive 12

18

8:2

إِيمَٰنًا

faith

accusative 4

19

9:23

ٱلْإِيمَٰنِ

faith

genitive 13

20

9:66

إِيمَٰنِكُمْ

your faith 12

genitive 14

21

9:124

إِيمَٰنًا

faith

accusative 5

22

9:124

إِيمَٰنًا

faith

accusative 6

23

10:9

بِإِيمَٰنِهِمْ

by their faith 13

genitive 15

24

10:98

إِيمَٰنُهَآ

her faith 14

nominative 3

25

16:106

إِيمَٰنِهِ

his faith 15

genitive 16

26

16:106

بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ

with the faith

genitive 17

27

30:56

وَٱلْإِيمَٰنَ

and the faith

accusative 7

28

32:29

إِيمَٰنُهُمْ

their faith 16

nominative 4

29

33:22

إِيمَٰنًا

faith

accusative 8

30

40:10

ٱلْإِيمَٰنِ

the faith

genitive 18

31

40:28

إِيمَٰنَهُۥٓ

his faith 17

accusative 9

32

40:85

إِيمَٰنُهُمْ

their faith 18

nominative 5

33

42:52

ٱلْإِيمَٰنُ

the faith

nominative 6

34

48:4

إِيمَٰنًا

faith

accusative 10

35

48:4

إِيمَٰنِهِمْ

their faith 19

genitive 19

36

49:7

ٱلْإِيمَٰنَ

the faith

accusative 11

37

49:11

ٱلْإِيمَٰنِ

the faith

genitive 20

38

49:14

ٱلْإِيمَٰنُ

the faith

nominative 7

39

49:17

لِلْإِيمَٰنِ

to the faith

genitive 21

40

52:21

بِإِيمَٰنٍ

in faith

genitive 22

41

58:22

ٱلْإِيمَٰنَ

the faith

accusative 12

42

59:9

وَٱلْإِيمَٰنَ

and the faith

accusative 13

43

59:10

بِٱلْإِيمَٰنِ

in the faith

genitive 23

44

60:10

بِإِيمَٰنِهِنَّ

of their faith 20

genitive 24

45

74:31

إِيمَٰنًا

faith

accusative 14

We have 45 forms, when we exclude the 24 genitive ones, we get 21 occurrences.

However when we exclude the 20 forms with possessive pronoun suffixes, we get the 25 occurrences.

Kufr

Count

Verse

Word in Arabic

Translation

Form

1

2:88

بِكُفْرِهِمْ

for their disbelief 1

genitive 1

2

2:93

بِكُفْرِهِمْ

for their disbelief 2

genitive 2

3

2:108

ٱلْكُفْرَ

the disbelief

accusative 1

4

2:217

وَكُفْرٌ

and disbelief

nominative 1

5

3:52

ٱلْكُفْرَ

the disbelief

accusative 2

6

3:80

بِٱلْكُفْرِ

to disbelief

genitive 3

7

3:90

كُفْرًا

disbelief

accusative 3

8

3:167

لِلْكُفْرِ

to disbelief

genitive 4

9

3:176

ٱلْكُفْرِ

the disbelief

genitive 5

10

3:177

ٱلْكُفْرَ

the disbelief

accusative 4

11

4:46

بِكُفْرِهِمْ

for their disbelief 3

genitive 6

12

4:137

كُفْرًا

disbelief

accusative 5

13

4:155

وَكُفْرِهِم

and their disbelief 4

genitive 7

14

4:155

بِكُفْرِهِمْ

for their disbelief 5

genitive 8

15

4:156

وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ

and for their disbelief 6

genitive 9

16

5:41

ٱلْكُفْرِ

the disbelief

genitive 10

17

5:61

بِٱلْكُفْرِ

with disbelief

genitive 11

18

5:64

وَكُفْرًا

and disbelief

accusative 6

19

5:68

وَكُفْرًا

and disbelief

accusative 7

20

9:12

ٱلْكُفْرِ

the disbelief

genitive 12

21

9:17

بِٱلْكُفْرِ

with disbelief

genitive 13

22

9:23

ٱلْكُفْرَ

the disbelief

accusative 8

23

9:37

ٱلْكُفْرِ

the disbelief

genitive 14

24

9:74

ٱلْكُفْرِ

the disbelief

genitive 15

25

9:97

كُفْرًا

disbelief

accusative 9

26

9:107

وَكُفْرًا

and disbelief

accusative 10

27

14:28

كُفْرًا

disbelief

accusative 11

28

16:106

بِٱلْكُفْرِ

to disbelief

genitive 16

29

18:80

وَكُفْرًا

and disbelief

accusative 12

30

30:44

كُفْرُهُۥ

his disbelief 7

nominative 2

31

31:23

كُفْرُهُۥٓ

his disbelief 8

nominative 3

32

35:39

كُفْرُهُۥ

his disbelief 9

nominative 4

33

35:39

كُفْرُهُمْ

their disbelief 10

nominative 5

34

39:7

ٱلْكُفْرَ

the disbelief *

accusative 13

35

39:8

بِكُفْرِكَ

in your disbelief 11

genitive 17

36

49:7

ٱلْكُفْرَ

the disbelief

accusative 14

(*) This occurrence (39:7) is sometimes translated as "ungratefulness":

Yusuf Ali: "If ye reject (Allah), Truly Allah hath no need of you; but He liketh not ingratitude (ٱلْكُفْرَ, al-kufra) from His servants: if ye are grateful, He is pleased with you.."

Shakir: "If you are ungrateful, then surely Allah is Self-sufficient above all need of you; and He does not like ungratefulness (ٱلْكُفْرَ, al-kufra) in His servants.."

Dr. Ghali: "In case you disbelieve, then surely Allah is Ever-Affluent (Literally: Ever-Rich) to do without you, and He is not satisfied with disbelief (ٱلْكُفْرَ, al-kufra) from His bondmen. And in case you thank (Him), He is satisfied with it for you.."

Pickthall: "If ye are thankless, yet Allah is Independent of you, though He is not pleased with thanklessness (ٱلْكُفْرَ, al-kufra) for His bondmen; and if ye are thankful He is pleased therewith for you.."

We have 36 forms. When we exclude the 17 genitive forms, we get 19 occurrences.

However when we exclude the 11 forms with possessive pronoun suffixes we get the 25 occurrences.

There is also the word kufoor (كفور) from the same root which is translated as "disbelief" or "ungratefulness" and was not counted:

Verse 17:89 "And We have certainly diversified for the people in this Qur'an from every [kind] of example, but most of the people refused [anything] except disbelief (كُفُورًا , kufooran)."

Conclusions

The word iman appears 45 times in all its forms and the word kufr appears 36 times in all its forms

When the genitive form is not counted, iman appears 21 times and kufr19 times.

When the forms with possessive pronoun suffixes like "their", "her", "his" are excluded, then both iman and kufr have 25 occurrences.

In this word count, the words with various prefixes are counted, and also the words with the letter ا (alif) at the end of the word, are counted. So these occurrences cannot be called "basic forms" in any way and this method of counting and excluding words is very specific and questionable.

This word count includes the occurrence in the verse 39:7 which is sometimes translated as "ungratefulness" and not "disbelief"

This word count does not include occurrences of the word kufoor which are sometimes translated as "disbelief"

By now it is worth noting how many words are being excluded to arrive at the number 25. This is hardly miraculous; it looks as if a Muslim apologist can select or ignore any occurrences of a word or meaning according to his/her convenience, just to get to the desired number. This is a type of fallacy called cherry picking.

If Allah intended this word count miracle, then what is its meaning? Is belief equal to disbelief? Shouldn't belief have something like a double word count? And why we do have to exclude some forms to get the miraculous word count?