Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

Q.1 A waiter takes an order at a table, and then enters it online via one of the six terminals located

in the restaurant dining room. The order is routed to a printer in the appropriate preparation

area, the cold item printer if it is a salad, the hot item printer if it is a hot sandwich or the bar

printer if it is a drink. A customer’s meal check-listing, bills the items ordered and the

respective prices are automatically generated. This ordering system eliminates the old three-

carbon-copy guest check system as well as any problems caused by a waiter’s handwriting.

When the kitchen runs out of a food item, the cooks send out an ‘out of stock’ message, which

will be displayed on the dining room terminals when waiters try to order that item. This gives

the waiters faster feedback, enabling them to give better service to the customers. Other system

features aid management in the planning and control of their restaurant business. The system

provides up-to-the-minute information on the food items ordered and breaks out percentages

showing sales of each item versus total sales. This helps management plan menus according to

customers’ tastes. The system also compares the weekly sales totals versus food costs,

allowing planning for tighter cost controls. In addition, whenever an order is invalidated, the

reasons for the invalidation are keyed in. This may help later in management decisions,

especially if the invalidations are consistently related to the food or the service. Acceptance of

the system by the users is exceptionally high since the waiters and waitresses were involved in

the selection and design process. All potential users were asked to give their impressions and

ideas about the various systems available before one was chosen.

a. What is the type of information system the above scenario is referring to?

Answer : The type of information system is management information system (MIS). A management information system (MIS) is an organized

b. How does this system helps later in management decisions related to food or service

based on the reasons for the invalidation which are stored .

Answer : An MIS helps decision making by providing timely, relevant and accurate information to managers. The physical components of an MIS include hardware, software, database, personnel and procedures. Management information is an important input for efficient performance of various managerial functions at different organization levels. Tactical decisions cover both planning and controlling. Technical decisions pertain to

c. How this system does helps in finding out the performance of the hotel form year to

year?

Answer : The information required to make such decision must be such that it highlights the trouble spots and shows the interconnections with the other functions. It must summarize all information relating to the span of control of the manager. The information required to make these decisions can be strategic, tactical or operational information. Examples of transaction processing systems include order tracking, order processing, machine

2. a. With the increase in technology the business processes have been frequently changed

and modified based on the upcoming requirement of the organization. What is this

type of concept called as?

Answer : The process is business process reengineering. Reengineering is about radical change. Business process reengineering (BPR

b. Explain reverse engineering. How do you improve a process in BPR .

Answer: Reverse engineering :

Reverse engineering is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device, object, or system through analysis of its

3. a. While implementing MIS in any organization change can occur in number of ways.

List and explain the steps in the process as suggested by Lewin’s model.

Answer : This model states that organisational change involves a move from one static state via a progressional shift, to another static state. By recognizing these three distinct stages of change, you can plan to implement the change required. You start by creating the motivation to change (unfreeze). You move through the change process by promoting effective communications and empowering people to embrace new ways of working (

b. Compare between prototype approach and Life Cycle approach

Prototype approach:

Prototyping is the process of creating an incomplete model of the future full-featured system, which can be used to let the users have a first idea of the completed program .

1.It is Useful in open system where high amount of uncertainty about information certain information is there.

2.Necessary to try out some assumption in decision

Q. 4. Quality is abstract in nature. It varies among users and across industries. List and explain the

quality parameters with suitable examples. Also explain the effect of each quality parameters

on information processing.

Answer: The parameters of a good quality are difficult to determine, however, the information can be termed as of a good quality if it meets the norms of impartiality, validity, reliability, consistency and age.

1. Impartiality:

Q. 5 Write short notes on

a. Neural Networks

b. B2B model with an example

c. DSS Models

d. Administrative control

e. Distributed database

Answer : a. Neural Networks:

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurones) working in unison to solve specific problems. ANNs, like people, learn by example. An ANN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data classification, through a learning process. Learning in biological systems involves adjustments to the synaptic connections that exist between the neurones. This is true of ANNs as well.

Q. 6 A project is composed of 9 activities the three estimates of time in weeks for the activities are