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Pharmacyclics and Johnson & Johnson received a dose of good news this week when the FDA approved their blood cancer drug Imbruvica (ibrutinib) as a second-line treatment for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

However, the market response was more tepid than expected, with shares of Pharmacyclics closing just 3.5% higher on November 13 after the eagerly anticipated announcement.

In my opinion, that reaction was due to three key factors --

Pharmacyclics is already up 150% over the past 12 months, giving it a whopping trailing P/E of 120.

The approval of Imbruvica for MCL only unlocks half of its sales potential -- investors are waiting on its approval for chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL).

Therefore, even though the approval of Imbruvica is good news for investors, we should dig deeper into Pharmacyclics' story to see if the stock has gotten ahead of itself.

Could Pharmacyclics be the next Celgene ?The bullish argument behind Pharmacyclics is simple -- once Imbruvica is approved for both MCL and CLL, annual peak sales could soar as high as $6 billion to $9 billion, according to analyst projections. Since Pharmacyclics will split marketing costs and revenue in half with Johnson & Johnson, that translates to $3 billion to $4.5 billion in annual revenue -- not bad for a company that only generated $79.1 million in revenue last quarter.

Besides Imbruvica, Pharmacyclics doesn't have any other marketed products -- its revenue is completely generated by license and milestone revenues, primarily from Johnson & Johnson.

Pharmacyclics bulls believe that the company could be another Celgene in the making. After all, shares of Celgene have soared nearly 400% since 2005 when it first received marketing approval for Revlimid, its blockbuster blood disorder treatment which now accounts for 65% of its revenue.

If we compare Celgene's price history to its P/E ratio over the years, we see the growth that Pharmacyclics investors are probably hoping for -- a big jump in market value stabilized by a steadily declining P/E ratio.

Source: YCharts.

What direct competition will Pharmacyclics face?Pharmacyclics' Imbruvica is the third drug to be approved to treat MCL, which affects approximately 15,000 people in the United States. The two other treatments are Celgene's Revlimid and Velcade, from Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Johnson & Johnson. Sales for Revlimid and Velcade were both very robust last quarter.

Company

Treatment

Revenue (Most Recent Quarter)

Growth (YOY)

Celgene

Revlimid

$1.09 billion

12.3%

Takeda

Velcade

$480 million

32.6%

Johnson & Johnson

Velcade

$404 million

23.5%

Source: Company quarterly earnings reports.

However, that doesn't guarantee success for Imbruvica. Sales of Revlimid and Velcade were not generated by MCL alone -- they were also boosted by other indications, such as multiple myeloma.

Revlimid should not be considered a direct competitor to Imbruvica, since it is only approved for patients with relapsed MCL who have received at least two prior treatments. Velcade, on the other hand, is considered a direct competitor, since it is also approved for relapsed patients who have received at least one prior treatment.

However, Imbruvica's reported overall response rate of 65.8% was much higher than the 31% rate reported for Velcade upon its approval in 2006. In addition, Imbruvica's side effects, which include diarrhea, infections, bleeding, bruising, and reductions in platelets and white blood cells, are considered milder than those of Velcade, which can cause a much wider variety of problems.

Could a delayed CLL approval be a problem?Despite that good news, Pharmacyclics investors are still concerned about the lack of approval for CLL, which accounts for more than 15,000 patients in the United States alone. Pharmacyclics and J&J both stated that the FDA is continuing to evaluate its application for CLL.

For now, investors shouldn't fret too much about the delay. Pharmacyclics' only real competitor in second-line CLL treatments is Gilead Sciences, which recently halted a phase 3 study of its CLL drug, idelalisib, due to overwhelmingly positive results. If approved for both CLL and its other indication, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (iNHL), analysts believe that idelalisib could generate peak annual sales of $500 million -- not a blockbuster drug, but still a good way for Gilead to diversify away from its core antiviral portfolio.

Both Imbruvica and idelalisib represent newer targeted methods of treating CLL. Imbruvica is the first drug to inhibit a cell signalling enzyme, known as Bruton's tyrosine kinase, which cancer cells use to survive and proliferate. Idelalisib inhibits a signalling pathway called PI3K, which cancer cells exploit to spread more easily.

There will likely be enough room in the market for both new treatments, which will inevitably be considered better alternatives to current second-line CLL treatments, which include fludarabine, alemtuzumab, and purine analog drugs -- which are all less effective, with comparatively unfavorable side effect profiles.

Now that Pharmacyclics finally has a marketed product, we can finally see if analysts' lofty sales estimates were accurate and if the company can justify its premium valuation, gradually cooling its P/E ratio down and making the stock a safer long-term investment.

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Fool contributor Leo Sun has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends Celgene, Gilead Sciences, and Johnson & Johnson. The Motley Fool owns shares of Johnson & Johnson. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.