11:02:12.pdf

11/02/12
Romanesque Architecture
Pilgrimage Road Churches
• who is being addressed with this architecture?
• Amiens 1220 - 1269(11.26) and Reims (11.32)
• there are hundreds of sculptures
• Amiens
• builders became “arch mad”
• was built on the site of a church that had burned down
• plan is more uniﬁed due to the basis of a gothic structure
• now used for structure and decoration
• all of the ribs converge, and continue ti the ground through a design in the
wall
• revolution, not a rejection of the romanesque
• asymmetrical visage
• Reims
• designs are developed rapidly
• very similar to the cathedral of Amiens, much more symmetrical and the
arches are used or dealt with more carefully
• arches are more stretched out
• they follow a similar pattern and have very similar details (Amiens)
• focal point of the church is different from that of Amiens
• more glass is used in the construction of this building
• high gothic: everything is expressed in the form of gothic, and everything
gothic is worked into the building
• interiors are still very similar
• interior designs become progressively elongated
buttresses are worked in and hidden in with the design in the architecture
•
• window space dramatically increased as result in buttressing system
• portals built outward rather than recessed into facade
• Parthenon 438 B.C. (adams 5.47 & 5.55)
temple celebrate Athena (patron goddess of Athens)
•
• completed in 432 B.C.
• celebrates her aspect as a virgin goddess
• Parthenon > “parthenos” meaning virgin
• stands within a continuum of Doric temples
expresses classical balance, proportion and unity
•
• Basilica of Constantine 306-312 (7.50)
• there are no free standing sculptures
• christians could have ﬂat images in order to tell the
truths
• see the images as a picture of christ
• “T” Sacramentary of Saint-Sauveur de ﬁgeau
• 780 - 850 (9.27, 9.28, 9.31)
used images to get across the rules and laws
•
• played a signiﬁcant role in bringing back the learning and culture of Roman antiquity
• used them as a form of education to teach the public
• moved to the reformation of the bible
• stylized drapery depicted as black lines
overall pattern in the piece ﬂatten it
•
• ﬁgures are connected by geometric designs rather than landscapes 11/02/12
• artist departs from more classical drapery
• started to corrupt the bible, after the multiple copies made
• had some form of naturalistic representations within them
• foreshortening and modeling with lighting and shape
• more of a geometric pattern in the drapery and stylization
• (9.31)
• includes scenes from last judgment
• shows suffering of earthly life
Romanesque art in general: 1000 - mid 12th century
Terms:
• relics/reliquary: a casket or container for sacred relics.
• tympanum: a lunette over the doorway of a church, often decorated with sculpture
• Lunette: a semicircular area formed by the intersection of a wall and a vault. Or a
painting, relief sculpture, or window of the same shape.
• trumeau: in Romanesque and Gothic architecture, the central post supporting the lintel in a double
doorway.
• jamb sculptures: the upright surfaces forming the sides of a doorway or window, often decorated with
sculptures in Romanesque and Gothic churches.
• tapestry/ embroidery: is a form of textile are, traditionally woven on a
vertical loom.
• book of hours: a prayer book, intended ﬁr lay use, containing the
devotions, or acts of worship, for the hours of the Roman Catholic
church.
• Reliquary Statue of St. Foy, late 10th-11th centuries (10.4)
made out of elaborate styled gold and jewels
•
• single most important attraction for pilgrims to this church
• spiritually valuable turned into materially valuable
• head believed to be formed around the saints skull
Stavelot triptych 1156-1158 (10.1 & .2)
•
• trip - 3 (triptych)
• a three part painting
• referred to as the true cross
• earliest known reliquary illustrating scenes from medieval legend
from medieval times mostly in medieval art
•
• framed by corinthian columns supporting round arches
• six scenes on the wings are divided into three constantine scenes
(left) and Helena scenes (right)
• shows constantine’s conversion to christianity
composed of enamel gold with gems
•
• all painted - line is very important in the compositions
• includes images that have to with the true cross
• constantine dreamt he saw a cross in the sky
• if you ﬁght under the sign of the cross you will win
learned he should allow christians to practice their fate
• 11/02/12
• christian stories (textbook pp.259 - 260)
• annunciation
• Mary informed by angel Gabriel that she will give birth to
Jesus
• visitation
• cruciﬁxion
• condemned to die by cruciﬁxion
• last judgement (pp. 360-363)
• Principal monuments
• sainte Foy (10.3 - .11)
• the earliest surviving example of a pilgrimage chruch
• has crossed towers
• revived roman arches and construction
• like roman > romanesque
• an arch wants to split, putting another arch beside it helps to take some of the
resistance or pressure off
• dedicated to a third century virgin martyr known in english as saint faith
• martyred as a child, because she would not worship
pagan gods
• St.Pierre (10.17)
• relief, lengthened from waist down
• created unexpected shift in proportion
• drapery does not ﬂow in relation to the body
• resembles a wooden puppet
• Abbot Durand, St Pierre, Moissac (10.18)
ﬂat dimension
•
• 2d line is very characteristic
• ﬁts into the arch through the shapes of his composition
• tightly enclosed by the arch
• perfectly uniﬁed with his frame (his halo)
head sinks into shoulders
•
• feet make no pretense of actually supporting him
• Initial “L” and St. Matthew, MS from the region of Agen
Moissac (10.24)
ﬂattened treatment of space similar to sculptures
•
• resembles relief of Abbot Durand
• relative symmetry and setting
• feet are ﬂat and contained in a semi-circle (echoes his halo)
• L - intertwined human, animal and ﬂoral forms
typical Romanesque manuscript motifs
•
• interlacing forms reminiscent of Viking and Anglo-Saxon metal
work
•