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href=\u0022\/search\/%20text_abstract_title%3Aneuroplasticity%20text_abstract_title_flags%3Amatch-phrase%20sort%3Apublication-date\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-neuroplasticity\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003Eneuroplasticity\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/rehabilitation\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-rehabilitation\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003Erehabilitation\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/search\/%20text_abstract_title%3Arecovery%20text_abstract_title_flags%3Amatch-phrase%20sort%3Apublication-date\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-recovery\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003Erecovery\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/search\/%20text_abstract_title%3Atraining%20text_abstract_title_flags%3Amatch-phrase%20sort%3Apublication-date\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-training\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003Etraining\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/vision\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-vision\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003Evision\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section notes arthw-remark\u0022 id=\u0022notes-1\u0022\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003ETreatment claims not supported by data\u003C\/p\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-2\u0022\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003ERecently Sabel, Kenkel, and Kasten co-authored a report showing that vision restoration therapy does not improve field defects in patients with cortical lesions.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-1\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E This finding was a disappointment because it dashed hopes that vision restoration therapy might benefit patients who suffer visual field loss from stroke, tumour, or trauma involving the occipital lobe. In a new twist, Sabel and colleagues have now written an editorial stating that \u201cwe have no objections to the data as presented\u201d (an unusual remark from the co-authors of a study), followed in the next breath by a long argument repudiating the main thrust of their report.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E If readers are confused, they are not to blame.\u003Cdiv class=\u0022oas-ads oas-ads-mid pull-right\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\u0022dfp-ad-mpu-wrapper\u0022 class=\u0022dfp-tag-wrapper\u0022\u003E\n\n\u003Cdiv id=\u0022dfp-ad-mpu\u0022 class=\u0022dfp-tag-wrapper\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022\u003E\n googletag.cmd.push(function() {\n googletag.display(\u0022dfp-ad-mpu\u0022);\n });\n \u003C\/script\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EVision restoration therapy was described previously in a series of papers by Sabel and colleagues.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-3-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-3\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E3\u2013\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-8-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-8\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E8\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E In brief, it attempts to restore visual field defects by having patients practise perimetry every day at home using a software package loaded onto their personal computers. The idea is that repeated visual stimulation, especially just inside a scotoma boundary, can salvage neurons in damaged cortex at the fringe of a lesion. Sabel\u2019s previous studies suffered from a major flaw: eye movements were not recorded or controlled. Patients with homonymous field loss often compensate by making surveillance saccades into their blind hemifield. Although Sabel and colleagues used the blind spot position to monitor fixation, they never reported fixation losses, false positives, or false negatives in their papers. Moreover, the blind spot position is an imperfect method for detecting small saccades, and useless for fixation assessment in an eye with a temporal hemianopia. For these reasons, most neuro-ophthalmologists were sceptical of Sabel\u2019s claims for vision restoration therapy.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003ETo his credit, Sabel responded by undertaking a collaborative study with scientists employing the scanning laser ophthalmoscope.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-1-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-1\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E This instrument allows one to present stimuli while monitoring fixation with great precision. Trials in which the patient sneaks a saccade can be discarded, solving the problem of fixation instability. Under these testing conditions, Sabel and co-workers found no improvement in the visual fields after vision restoration therapy.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003ESabel had hoped that proper monitoring of fixation with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope would vindicate vision restoration therapy. Instead, he saw its apparent therapeutic benefit evaporate once the artefact of eye movements was eliminated. Rather than accept this negative outcome, he has written a commentary defending vision restoration therapy and criticising the methods used in his own paper.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E This is worthy of further comment, if only to highlight the inconsistencies behind this about face.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003ESabel\u2019s rebuttal relies on a paper in press elsewhere, showing that the same patients who failed to show improvement with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope did improve when tested with T\u00fcbingen automated perimetry and high resolution perimetry.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-9-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-9\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E9\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E It is difficult to comment on a paper that is still unpublished, but it should be recalled that Sabel has reported previously that patients with homonymous field loss do not improve after vision restoration therapy when testing is done with T\u00fcbingen automated perimetry.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-3-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-3\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E3\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E Once again, Sabel has placed himself in the position of refuting his own work. High resolution perimety refers to the technique used by Sabel to measure the visual fields before and after vision restoration therapy.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-3-3\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-3\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E3\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E Its drawback, as mentioned earlier, is poor control over eye movements. This deficiency was the reason for turning to the scanning laser ophthalmoscope in the first place.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003E \u003Cq id=\u0022disp-quote-1\u0022\u003ESabel\u2019s data will remain uninterpretable until he adopts a technique that eliminates the artefact created by small saccades\u003C\/q\u003E \u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EIn his editorial, Sabel reproduces a figure from his upcoming paper, comparing the fields before and after vision restoration therapy in a patient with a hemianopia.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-3\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E Before treatment, the scanning laser ophthalmoscope shows a field cut that deviates only about half a degree from the vertical meridian. This reflects the excellent control of eye movements afforded by that technique. The fields plotted by T\u00fcbingen automated perimetry and high resolution perimetry deviate by 1\u00b0\u20138\u00b0 from the vertical meridian, yet they are measuring the same field defect defined by scanning laser ophthalmoscope, the gold standard. Immediately, this discrepancy should raise a warning flag. How can one define an improvement equal to only 2.5\u00b0\u20133.5\u00b0 degrees azimuth, when one\u2019s baseline measurement of the field defect is inaccurate by this amount? Sabel\u2019s data will remain uninterpretable until he adopts a technique that eliminates the artefact created by small saccades. Parenthetically, it should be pointed out that the figure shows an unexplained discrepancy between T\u00fcbingen automated perimetry and high resolution perimetry in the elevation of the field defect before treatment.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003EAfter vision restoration therapy, Sabel shows a thin sliver of residual field loss that hugs the horizontal meridian, extending no further from the vertical meridian than it did before treatment. He asserts that such a change following treatment could not be produced by undetected horizontal saccades. In this single anecdotal case he is correct, but why rely on such an indirect, inferential approach to deal with the problem of fixation control? And in this particular case, why did the field cut improve dramatically in elevation but not azimuth? Anyone familiar with the visual field map in striate cortex will be puzzled by the pattern of field improvement attributed to vision restoration therapy in this case.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003ESabel asserts that field testing using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope was difficult for patients, preventing vision restoration therapy from showing any benefit. It is true that patients had to report verbally their perception of three vertically aligned targets, rather than simply push a buzzer.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-1-3\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-1\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E However, there is no evidence that this requirement made their task more difficult or that it led to selective inaccuracy in the post-treatment assessment of their visual fields. It is also true that the scanning laser ophthalmoscope targets were dark against a bright background, to avoid light scatter. Sabel states that \u201cSimultaneous stimulus discrimination and detection of negative stimuli on a bright background are probably tasks beyond the abilities of a damaged visual system.\u201d In fact, cells in the visual cortex respond overall equally well to stimuli that are dark, rather than light, compared to background. The retina contains approximately equal numbers of on-centre and off-centre cells, and it is no harder for a subject to detect a dark spot than a light spot, provided the contrast is high.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EThe stimuli used with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope were large (0.33\u00b0) and high contrast, chosen deliberately to detect absolute scotomas (much like the V4e stimulus of the Goldmann perimeter). Sabel states that \u201cThe SLO method appears to be insensitive to relative defects describing areas with residual function as being absolutely blind.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-4\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E In fact, the opposite is true. A technique that measures only absolute defects will characterise relative defects as normal. Sabel argues that the scanning laser ophthalmoscope missed regions of relative field depression that might have improved from vision restoration therapy. He forgets that with a cortical lesion, the first indication of recovery is provided by shrinkage of the absolute portion of the scotoma, even while the relative portion persists. To draw again an analogy with Goldmann perimetry, the V4e isoptre will sometimes expand in a recovering field defect, whereas the I2e isoptre will continue to show a defect. Thus, a technique that defines the patient\u2019s absolute scotoma is the most sensitive to any potential improvement.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-13\u0022\u003ESabel \u003Cem\u003Eet al\u003C\/em\u003E write that \u201cHorton is concerned that vision restoration therapy improvements may simply be a result of placebo effect.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-5\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E That is not quite an accurate paraphrase of my position. In my editorial, I noted that patients had the subjective impression that they had benefited from visual restoration therapy, despite lack of improvement in their fields.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-10-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-10\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E10\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E I attributed this discrepancy between negative field results and positive patient perception to a placebo effect. I expressed concern about using patient satisfaction as an outcome criterion, because patients will clamour for a treatment they believe works, even if it\u2019s humbug.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-14\u0022\u003EAlthough neuroplasticity is active in many regions of the brain, this fact does not mean that vision restoration therapy can promote visual field recovery following lesions of the striate cortex. Sabel notes that \u201cnormal adult subjects are capable of perceptual learning, and there is an entire body of evidence on activity dependent use and neuroplasticity, such as studies on adult receptive field expansions following retinal or brain lesions.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-6\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E These statements are true, yet when examined closely they are irrelevant to Sabel\u2019s position.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-15\u0022\u003EPerceptual learning refers to the improvement in psychophysical performance that comes with practice. For example, anyone who takes a computerised visual field test a few times will show a slight improvement in retinal sensitivity. This phenomenon is well known, and must be taken into account when assessing the response to any proposed therapy, such as pressure lowering medications in glaucoma.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-11-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-11\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E11\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E For vision restoration therapy, perceptual learning is a confounding factor that must be controlled for by incorporating a placebo arm into studies. All subjects show a slight degree of improvement with practice, whether they have had vision restoration therapy or not.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-16\u0022\u003ESeveral investigators have reported that after retinal lesions (Sabel mistakenly refers to retinal or brain lesions), cells in the visual cortex become responsive to stimulation just outside the zone of retinal damage.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-12-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-12\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E12,\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-13-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-13\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E13\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E The visual field does not improve, nor does the brain suffer a direct lesion. Individual cortical cells undergo expansion of their receptive fields, without any special therapy, simply because they have lost their normal input. Sabel advocates vision restoration therapy for an utterly different scenario: the restoration of lost visual field after a lesion that has injured the brain.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-17\u0022\u003ESabel reminds us that the visual system is not purely sensory, because \u201cit utilises many cognitive mechanisms as seen, for example, in the phenomenon of physiological blindspot \u201cfilling in.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-7\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E It is unclear how the ability of the visual system to fill in blind areas is relevant here. Such areas remain blind, and subjects cannot detect visual stimulation. The fill-in phenomenon has nothing to do with the concept behind vision restoration therapy, and makes it no more plausible.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-18\u0022\u003ESabel states that \u201cthe Food and Drug Administration has cleared vision restoration therapy to be offered in the United States and has done so in recognition of the results from the T\u00fcbingen-Magdeburg trial.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-8\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E It is true that the FDA granted a 510 (k) clearance to NovaVision\u2019s vision restoration therapy on 22 April 2003, in response to an application filed on 25 October 2002. A 510 (k) clearance is required before marketing certain types of new medical devices in the United States. The applicant must demonstrate that the device is \u201csubstantially equivalent\u201d to a legally marketed device introduced previously. In this case, the predicate device was DynaVision 2000, a similar program for treating amblyopia. A 510 (k) clearance is not based on recognition of the results of a clinical trial, and Sabel\u2019s application to the FDA did not rely on the T\u00fcbingen-Magdeburg trial. (Readers can judge the veracity of Sabel\u2019s statement by inspecting his application at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/cdrh\/pdf2\/k023623.pdf\u0022\u003Ewww.fda.gov\/cdrh\/pdf2\/k023623.pdf\u003C\/a\u003E)\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-19\u0022\u003ESabel asserts that \u201cseveral clinical centres throughout the United States are now beginning to observe similar improvements with their first patients.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-9\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E The NovaVision website features anecdotal case vignettes of patients who experienced huge recovery from scotomas, hardly representative of the mean 2.5\u00b0\u20134.9\u00b0 improvement reported by Sabel in his studies.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-3-4\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-3\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E3,\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-9-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-9\u0022\u003E\u003Csup\u003E9\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E The website also announces that NovaVision has raised $20 million in venture capital funds to finance its expansion into the US marketplace. Sabel\u2019s financial stake is undisclosed in all his publications.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-20\u0022\u003EThe saga of Sabel\u2019s visual restoration therapy provides a cautionary tale. An investigator proposes a new therapy for a condition that has no treatment. He adduces supporting evidence by carrying out a number of trials, but fails to control properly for a source of artefact. Meanwhile, he launches a commercial venture, based on his own research, and becomes financially involved. When his data are challenged, he agrees to an independent test of his therapy in collaboration with a third party. When the results prove him wrong, he rejects them. Meanwhile, trusting patients continue to sign up for the treatment programme, motivated by hope and the knowledge that nothing else is available.\u003C\/p\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section notes\u0022 id=\u0022notes-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003ENote in Proof\u003C\/h2\u003E \u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003ETreatment claims not supported by data\u003C\/p\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section ref-list\u0022 id=\u0022ref-list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EREFERENCES\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-1-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 1 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-1\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.1\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1136\/bjo.2003.040543\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EReinhard J\u003C\/strong\u003E, Schreiber A, Schiefer U, \u003Cem\u003Eet al.\u003C\/em\u003E Does visual restitution training change absolute homonymous visual field defects? A fundus controlled study. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EBr J Ophthalmol\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2005\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E89\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E30\u003C\/span\u003E\u20135.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBritish%2BJournal%2Bof%2BOphthalmology%26rft.stitle%253DBr%2BJ%2BOphthalmol%26rft.issn%253D0007-1161%26rft.aulast%253DReinhard%26rft.auinit1%253DJ%26rft.volume%253D89%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D30%26rft.epage%253D35%26rft.atitle%253DDoes%2Bvisual%2Brestitution%2Btraining%2Bchange%2Babsolute%2Bhomonymous%2Bvisual%2Bfield%2Bdefects%253F%2BA%2Bfundus%2Bcontrolled%2Bstudy%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbjo.2003.040543%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15615742%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTI6ImJqb3BodGhhbG1vbCI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo3OiI4OS8xLzMwIjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6Mjc6Ii9iam9waHRoYWxtb2wvODkvNy83OTIuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-abstract\u0022\u003EAbstract\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep\u0022\u003E\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-2-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 2 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-2\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.2\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESabel BA\u003C\/strong\u003E, Kenkel S, Kasten E. Vision restoration therapy. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EBr J Ophthalmol\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2005\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E89\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E521\u003C\/span\u003E\u20134.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBritish%2BJournal%2Bof%2BOphthalmology%26rft.stitle%253DBr%2BJ%2BOphthalmol%26rft.issn%253D0007-1161%26rft.aulast%253DHoyt%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%26rft.volume%253D89%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D521%26rft.epage%253D521%26rft.atitle%253DBJO%2Bat%2Ba%2Bglance%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15834072%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTI6ImJqb3BodGhhbG1vbCI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czoxMDoiODkvNS81MjEtYSI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjI3OiIvYmpvcGh0aGFsbW9sLzg5LzcvNzkyLmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-3-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 3 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-3\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.3\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1038\/2079\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKasten E\u003C\/strong\u003E, Wust S, Behrens-Baumann W, \u003Cem\u003Eet al.\u003C\/em\u003E Computer-based training for the treatment of partial blindness. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003ENat Med\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1998\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E4\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1083\u003C\/span\u003E\u20137.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%2Bmedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNat%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DKasten%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%26rft.volume%253D4%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D1083%26rft.epage%253D1087%26rft.atitle%253DComputer-based%2Btraining%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Btreatment%2Bof%2Bpartial%2Bblindness.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252F2079%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9734406%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1038\/2079\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=9734406\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbjophthalmol%2F89%2F7%2F792.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=000075804100047\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other no-rev-xref\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.4\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKasten E\u003C\/strong\u003E, Wuest S, Sabel BA. Residual vision in transition zones in patients with cerebral blindness. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EJ Clin Exp Neuropsychol\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1998\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E20\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E581\u003C\/span\u003E\u201398.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bclinical%2Band%2Bexperimental%2Bneuropsychology%2B%253A%2B%2Bofficial%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BInternational%2BNeuropsychological%2BSociety%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BClin%2BExp%2BNeuropsychol%26rft.aulast%253DKasten%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%26rft.volume%253D20%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D581%26rft.epage%253D598%26rft.atitle%253DResidual%2Bvision%2Bin%2Btransition%2Bzones%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bcerebral%2Bblindness.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10079036%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10079036\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbjophthalmol%2F89%2F7%2F792.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=000078836300001\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other no-rev-xref\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.5\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKasten E\u003C\/strong\u003E, Poggel DA, Muller-Oehring E, \u003Cem\u003Eet al.\u003C\/em\u003E Restoration of vision II: Residual functions and training-induced visual field enlargement in brain-damaged patients. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003ERestor Neurol Neurosci\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1999\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E15\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E273\u003C\/span\u003E\u201387.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DRestorative%2Bneurology%2Band%2Bneuroscience%26rft.stitle%253DRestor%2BNeurol%2BNeurosci%26rft.aulast%253DKasten%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%26rft.volume%253D15%26rft.issue%253D2-3%26rft.spage%253D273%26rft.epage%253D287%26rft.atitle%253DRestoration%2Bof%2Bvision%2BII%253A%2Bresidual%2Bfunctions%2Band%2Btraining-induced%2Bvisual%2Bfield%2Benlargement%2Bin%2Bbrain-damaged%2Bpatients.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12671238%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=12671238\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbjophthalmol%2F89%2F7%2F792.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other no-rev-xref\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.6\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESabel BA\u003C\/strong\u003E, Kasten E. Restoration of vision by training of residual functions. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003ECurr Opin Ophthalmol\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2000\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E11\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E430\u003C\/span\u003E\u20136.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DCurrent%2Bopinion%2Bin%2Bophthalmology%26rft.stitle%253DCurr%2BOpin%2BOphthalmol%26rft.aulast%253DSabel%26rft.auinit1%253DB.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D11%26rft.issue%253D6%26rft.spage%253D430%26rft.epage%253D436%26rft.atitle%253DRestoration%2Bof%2Bvision%2Bby%2Btraining%2Bof%2Bresidual%2Bfunctions.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11141637%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=11141637\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbjophthalmol%2F89%2F7%2F792.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other no-rev-xref\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.7\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKasten E\u003C\/strong\u003E, Muller-Oehring E, Sabel BA. Stability of visual field enlargements following computer-based restitution training\u2014results of a follow-up. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EJ Clin Exp Neuropsychol\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2001\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E23\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E297\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013305.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bclinical%2Band%2Bexperimental%2Bneuropsychology%2B%253A%2B%2Bofficial%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BInternational%2BNeuropsychological%2BSociety%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BClin%2BExp%2BNeuropsychol%26rft.aulast%253DKasten%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%26rft.volume%253D23%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D297%26rft.epage%253D305%26rft.atitle%253DStability%2Bof%2Bvisual%2Bfield%2Benlargements%2Bfollowing%2Bcomputer-based%2Brestitution%2Btraining%2B--%2Bresults%2Bof%2Ba%2Bfollow-up.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11404808%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=11404808\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbjophthalmol%2F89%2F7%2F792.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=000169112900005\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-8-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 8 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-8\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.8\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1080\/1388235039048692\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMueller I\u003C\/strong\u003E, Poggel DA, Kenkel S, \u003Cem\u003Eet al.\u003C\/em\u003E Vision restoration therapy after brain damage: Subjective improvements of activities of daily life and their relationship to visual field enlargements. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EVisual Impairment Research\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2003\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E5\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E157\u003C\/span\u003E\u201378.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DVisual%2BImpairment%2BResearch%26rft.volume%253D5%26rft.spage%253D157%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1080%252F1388235039048692%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1080\/1388235039048692\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-9-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 9 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-9\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.9\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESabel BA\u003C\/strong\u003E, Kenkel S, Kasten E. Vision restoration therapy (VRT) efficacy as assessed by comparitive perimetric analysis and subjective questionnaires. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003ERestor Neurol Neurosci\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2005\u003C\/span\u003E; (in press).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-10-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 10 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-10\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.10\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1136\/bjo.2004.058214\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHorton JC\u003C\/strong\u003E. Disappointing results from NovaVision\u2019s visual restoration therapy. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EBr J Ophthalmol\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2005\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E89\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/span\u003E\u20132.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBritish%2BJournal%2Bof%2BOphthalmology%26rft.stitle%253DBr%2BJ%2BOphthalmol%26rft.issn%253D0007-1161%26rft.aulast%253DHorton%26rft.auinit1%253DJ%2BC%26rft.volume%253D89%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D1%26rft.epage%253D2%26rft.atitle%253DDisappointing%2Bresults%2Bfrom%2BNova%2BVision%2527s%2Bvisual%2Brestoration%2Btherapy%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbjo.2004.058214%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15615733%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTI6ImJqb3BodGhhbG1vbCI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo2OiI4OS8xLzEiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNzoiL2Jqb3BodGhhbG1vbC84OS83Lzc5Mi5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-11-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 11 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-11\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.11\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130017003\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHeijl A\u003C\/strong\u003E, Bengtsson B. The effect of perimetric experience in patients with glaucoma. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EArch Ophthalmol\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1996\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E114\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E19\u003C\/span\u003E\u201322.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BOphthalmology%26rft.stitle%253DArch%2BOphthalmol%26rft.issn%253D0003-9950%26rft.aulast%253DHeijl%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%26rft.volume%253D114%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D19%26rft.epage%253D22%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2BEffect%2Bof%2BPerimetric%2BExperience%2Bin%2BPatients%2BWith%2BGlaucoma%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Farchopht.1996.01100130017003%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8540846%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130017003\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=8540846\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbjophthalmol%2F89%2F7%2F792.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=A1996TP70100003\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-12-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 12 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-12\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-89.7.792.12\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1038\/356150a0\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGilbert CD\u003C\/strong\u003E, Wiesel TN. Receptive field dynamics in adult primary visual cortex. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003ENature\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1992\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E356\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E150\u003C\/span\u003E\u20132.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca 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class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKaas JH\u003C\/strong\u003E, Krubitzer LA, Chino YM, \u003Cem\u003Eet al.\u003C\/em\u003E Reorganization of retinotopic cortical maps in adult mammals after lesions of the retina. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EScience\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1990\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E248\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E229\u003C\/span\u003E\u201331.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca 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