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29 January 2016

What Is It Good For?

War is something which I absolutely
abhor. Which is funny, because when I was a child I was obsessed with it. When
I grew up I wanted to be a soldier. I was adamant I was going to join the
British Army, and secretly I was utterly self-assured that I would rise through
the ranks, and, like Monty, I’d one day make it to the rank of Field Marshal.
At school my friends and I would play war games in the playground. In our heads
we were re-enacting air battles from the First and Second World Wars. I took it
very seriously. Too seriously perhaps, as I never played on the side of the
enemy. I was always patriotically a Spitfire pilot or a Tommy in the trenches,
never a “Jerry” or one of the “Bosch.”

School was perhaps partly to blame.
We were taught all about the First and Second World Wars. I was never very good
at Maths or English, and during my Middle School years I had to go to “special
needs” classes in these subjects. I’ve no idea now what the other kids were
doing during the time we were in these classes, perhaps because, whilst it was
rather humiliating being in such a category, I actually rather enjoyed these
lessons. They were an escape from the norm. We were moved around a bit as these
classes were held in various empty classrooms across the school. For a time we
had our extra English lessons in the small room which was the school library. I
liked this room, it had a carpet and was usually warm and cosy, unlike most of
the classrooms. One of my friends and I found a series of books in the library which
were about pilots – they were quite old books, old fashioned perhaps, rather
than old-old. I can only remember the titles of two of them: ‘Spitfire Pilot’
and ‘Spy Plane Pilot’ – but these two pretty much sum up the kind of stories
the series told. Our teacher was visibly delighted because here was a set of
books which we’d voluntarily chosen ourselves, and which, at long last, we
actually wanted to read!

I devoured ‘Spitfire Pilot’ and I
was part way through ‘Spy Plane Pilot’ when the Head Teacher decided to look in
on one of our lessons. She was horrified to find what kind of reading matter we
were so wholly engrossed in. Not only were the books instantly removed from our
lesson they were immediately withdrawn from the library and got rid of
completely. At first I was devastated and then slowly incensed. Our teacher was
similarly dismayed. She’d tried to reason with the Head that it wasn’t so much what we were reading but the fact that
we were reading which really counted,
but it didn’t wash with the Head. The books had to go. I never did find out how
the night mission to fly a Lysander deep behind enemy lines in ‘Spy Plane Pilot’
ended. All the characters have remained “M.I.A.” (Missing In Action) ever
since. Unwittingly though, the Head had simply spurred our imaginations even
further, as we acted out in the playground all the scenarios we could dream up
of how the story might have ended.

Looking back I now realise I learnt
a deeper lesson here. The reason I was so incensed was the fact that the Head
had destroyed the books without her having read them. Clearly she’d judged a
book by its cover. How could she understand what they were about without
actually reading them? We knew war was not a good thing. I used to quiz my
grandparents about their experiences in the War, and they made it very clear
war was bad. But that didn’t stop it from being exciting. Plus, there was
another level to this fascination which was rooted entirely in the technical.
Most of the books, toys and models I had at home about the military and warfare
were essentially about machines – tanks, aircraft, ships, weapons, and that
kind of thing. Learning to distinguish various types of aircraft from the
shapes of their silhouettes or their markings, what roles and purposes they
performed in combat required hours of patient study and were translated into
tests of memory which my friends and I compared with one another in our
playground games.

At the time I thought I was
interested in war, but I wasn’t. I thought I was interested in the military,
hence why when I grew up I thought wanted to join the Army and become a
soldier, surely that’s why I avidly watched so many war films, as well as
episodes of Dad’s Army, Hogan’s Heroes,
The Phil Silvers Show, and A Fairly Secret Army. But, as time went by I came to realise I wasn’t really
interested in war at all, I was actually fascinated by history instead. One of
the key ways in which children learn is by empathy. Play is often a form of
mimesis through which children internalise and process certain types of
information. At that age I wasn’t any good at book learning, but I had a full
and vivid imagination. This is why when we had to write stories I always
preferred to draw rather than write what was in my imagination. I might have
had to have extra Maths and English lessons, but I never failed to get top
marks in Art lessons.

I’m not sure how or when I began to
realise that it was the history of the two World Wars, rather than warfare
itself, which really fascinated me. I’d certainly been captivated by other
periods of history, such as the Great Fire of London, which we’d studied prior
to studying the World Wars. It may have been when we moved on to study the
Industrial Revolution which set the contrast into play. I hated this topic. I
realise now that what I really hated was the way in which it was presented in
the classroom. Oddly enough types of weaving loom and smelting machines didn’t
equate or inspire in terms of typologies in quite the same way as Spitfires,
Messerschmitts, and Lancaster bombers had previously captivated my imagination.
Rote facts and figures are one thing, but what purpose such facts can inform is
another altogether. At that age battle stats top trumped economic history
entirely.

These reflections were prompted
when I read a recent article on the B-52 or ‘Stratofortress’, the long range
heavy bomber which was developed by the United States Air Force shortly after
the end of the Second World War. The article (which you can read here)* was
essentially written as an homage to the technical longevity of this great
behemoth of the skies. It’s an aircraft which defines the sense of threat,
menace and foreboding that characterised the Cold War era. Yet the thrust of
the article was also one which rather curiously celebrated this aircraft and
its destructive power in a way which, as I read it, I found alarmingly tub-thumping.
Admittedly, it’s a piece of Sunday Supplement journalism – but reading it I
found myself baffled. As a eulogy it was only slightly tempered by an
acknowledgement of the death and destruction these seemingly ancient aircraft
have wrought in various far flung parts of the globe. Instead, leaving it to a
few carefully selected “quotes from the public” to leaven the snappy gung-ho soundbites
from serving and former B-52 crews. For example … When a B-52 turns up, looming
darkly over the horizon, you can be sure someone down on the ground is “going
to have a bad day.” B-52s are the “sharp end of the spear.” They have such a
far reaching range that the aircrews can go on continuous 48 hour missions,
kissing their families goodbye on the doorstep and returning home after a
successful sortie, circumnavigating the earth, as if they’d never been out of
their home country let alone deployed on active service like the ground troops
on the frontline whom they are supporting, it’s all just another, albeit it
very long, day at the office.

Such is the mechanisation of death.
Removing the combatant from reality. Altering the psychological dynamic, like
operating drones only with a bit more adrenaline and personal discomfort. It
was the sentiments betrayed in these quotes, the ‘disconnect’, which really
ticked my unease. I think this is what I realised as I was growing up. The
reality of what warfare actually means to those not engaged in active service. Those without the guns but still on
the ground and immovably in harm’s way. Bombs dropped from 50,000 feet do not
discriminate. And ‘smart bombs’ aren’t necessarily any more discerning. It was
about this time, when I was in High School, watching the daily news reports
during the first Gulf War, when so-called ‘smart bombs’ were first showcased to
the world, that I recall watching one of those blurry videos shot from the nose
of a guided missile. It was targeting a strategically located bridge somewhere
in Iraq which needed to be “taken out,” and pointing to the TV screen with his
pencil the US commander giving the Press briefing quipped that a blurred human figure
running from a car on the bridge was the “luckiest man in Iraq” as the missile
zeroed in on his car and he was engulfed in the ensuing smoke as he made it to
the edge of the screen and presumably (we hope) survived the blast.

It was around this time too that
the Berlin Wall collapsed and the immense threat of the Cold War era finally came to an end. A new sense of freedom
(freiheit) and hope for the future
filled Europe. In my mind, back then, the world seemed set on an unalterable
trajectory for the better. I had an unconsciously Whiggish assumption that this
was the progression towards the future to which all humankind had been aspiring
since the defeat of Nazi facism. The world was going to be a great place to be
an adult in. I couldn’t believe my luck. Thank God. No need for National
Service. No fear of being drafted to fight in some God awful war like all those
poor, unfortunate generations who had gone before. But what became of all that?

I can’t bear listening to the News
today, let alone looking at images of it. I worry about what’s happening and
how it is being framed by many politicians and many parts of the media alike. It’s a circus
of hype which fosters and encourages these insecurities. I don’t believe wars
are inevitable or always necessary. In fact, I feel the majority of wars are
totally unnecessary. They are not always black and white situations. Defence is
of course legitimate, anyone who faced the Nazi onslaught of the Second World
War can amply provide justified examples of that, but it seems to me that assessing
the threat today isn’t always quite as clear cut.

I remember discussing this with one
of my German exchange partners when we were sitting on the open platform of a
railway station somewhere in the middle of nowhere in Germany whilst trying to
make our way home from a party late one night. A long, long train loaded with
military hardware emerged from the dark and slowly and endlessly rolled through
the empty station. As we watched I could clearly make out the shape of countless
tanks under tarpaulins. I asked my exchange partner what this was all for, and
very matter-of-factly he replied:

“Oh,
this? This happens every night. It’s just the West German Army moving into East
Germany.”

Earlier that evening we’d all been
tipsily toasting our ‘brotherhood’ in the new European unity. So I asked him a
typically teenage question:

“If
there was another war and we were each on opposing sides, and you were at one
end of the battlefield and I was at the other, and we both knew we were there,
would you shoot me?”

And with a very precise sense of
logic he replied without a moment’s hesitation:

“If
we were at war, yes – I would.”

So much for that brotherhood of man
and the New Europe, I thought!

If, on one level, war is simply a
matter of logic, death and
destruction are inevitable. It stands to reason. But what baffled me about my
exchange partner’s response was the element of feeling. How could you shoot someone you knew was good simply
because the situation was bad and dictated it as a necessity? Surely sense
could prevail? I know you / You know me. We know this is wrong. Hence we don’t
have to do this. But such is the conflict of macro- versus micro- agency. Yet
now, in this current time, when we are all more connected and more in direct communication
with one another than ever before, surely this can count for something better
and more rational?

Certainly, I have more friends
dotted about the globe than anyone in the generations of my family that have
preceded me. If something happens in a country where I know someone who is actually
living there I can ask them what is going on. This was brought home to me
shortly after the big earthquake in Japan in March 2011. I was in Japan when
this occurred, but a few days later I had to go to Korea for a short work trip
before returning to Japan. On those two evenings I was in Korea I watched the rolling
24 hour news reports on TV in my hotel room and found myself becoming increasingly
anxious about what was being reported from Japan; but somehow it didn’t seem to
fit. The TV reports differed from what I’d experienced in Japan itself only a
day or so before, and suddenly it dawned on me – why not find out for myself? I
sent a couple of messages to my friends there and sure enough, they replied it
wasn’t at all like how the TV news was depicting the situation, and happily this
was confirmed for me even more starkly when I returned to Japan a day or so
later. I’d been goaded into an unreal and unnecessary anxiety.

I suppose if there’s any making
sense of these things today, we all need to remain more aware of ourselves and
each other. We need to be wary of making assumptions based on the information
we are fed. We needn’t feel ourselves quite so helpless. We needn’t be passive
receptors. We can remain connected by commonsense and mutual feeling. I have
far more faith in real people than I do in what I see and hear on the TV News.
Watching such reports I’m reminded of the scene in the 1984 film ‘The Killing Fields’ in which the
reporter, Sydney Schanberg, is watching with increasing anxiety a TV which
plays images of President Nixon making speeches and of B-52s raining bombs over
Cambodia during the Vietnam conflict whilst Puccini’s Nessun Dorma plays over the sequence. I once heard Bruce Robinson,
who wrote ‘The Killing Fields’,
describing B-52s as “black angels of Death” (you can hear him discussing this
scene from the film in similar terms in this documentary here). And he’s right.
There’s nothing more awful than the proud concept of an “iconic war machine.”
Over eighty years in active service might be a technical feat to be held in suitably
mechanical in awe, but shouldn’t the more amazing fact really rather be that we
still rationalize the dreadful tub-thumping necessity of keeping such a
monstrous idea afloat?

Why are we so acculturated to war? What
is it good for? … Perhaps there simply is no profit in peace, after all? War is
a business. It’s not just the Global Arms trade which invests in war. All of
society at different levels and to varying degrees, either overtly, tacitly, or
unconsciously, contributes towards supporting it. It doesn’t much matter
whether we are engaged or disconnected. War happens. It’s as straightforward as
that. Perhaps we deserve the world we collectively choose to create either by our action or our apathy in our
shared time together on this earth? … I’m sure that is so. But I still choose
to believe in the collective good faith which we can share in one another not to let ourselves be so hoodwinked or
blindly lead. Surely, not any more – Isn’t it about time we all looked a little deeper and gave such things a bit more thought?

3 comments:

Interesting and thoughtful post. I wonder whether there is actually a whiggish sense of progression but we think the world is worse is because of 24 hour media. Maybe things are slowly getting better or maybe that’s my naïve hope. 2015 seemed to be a terrible year yet a more optimistic outlook can be found on this article: https://medium.com/future-crunch/11-reasons-why-2015-was-a-great-year-for-humanity-70db584db748#.ue4bdvvhl

The problem is too many people like war and make money out of it. I remember the first time Cameron wanted to bomb Syria and Parliament stopped him. Whatever the rights and wrongs of the argument for bombing what was distasteful and illuminating was the excitement, self-importance and self-interest amongst politicians, the military and reporters that there could be military action. Everyone was watching them, they were running on adrenaline, ego and excitement. There was palpable disappointment when Parliament said no, not because of the rights and wrongs but because they wanted their war for their needs more than for a moral purpose

For the reason why people, including war correspondents and aid workers, try and find their war read My War Gone By, I Miss It So by Anthony Lloyd. Grim but fascinating and similar territory to Dispatches by Michael Herr which I must read one day since it inspired Apocalypse Now. You may have read them already!

Thanks, Alex. I wish more of the media chose to emphasize the kind of angle taken in the article you've linked. There certainly is a lot of good & positive things happening in the world today. I really dislike the tabloid-type of puppet-string-pulling media.

And you are right, it's fascinating to look around the main issues to see/think about what & why some politicians think & act the way they do. Every now and then I find a surprising/unexpected glimmer of hope, e.g. - when General Pinochet was arrested in London; when Parliament voted against bombing Syria the first time around. But over all, I don't know how positive I can be, after all Tony Blair managed to ignore the UK's largest ever anti-war demonstration. I know it's always swings & roundabouts, or a pendulum repeatedly swinging back and forth, and in the end that's probably the best it can ever hope to be. But the key thing is to question and keep thinking, I feel. I worry a bit that critical thought is closing down or being significantly curbed right now.

Thanks for the book recommendations, I'd not heard of these. I'll be sure to look them up. As for journalists & war correspondents, I don't mean to be down on all of them. Many do good work, that's one of the main reasons I follow other outlets such as the BBC's "From Our Own Correspondent"; Open Democracy; Isabel Hilton, & Timothy Garton Ash.

"Dispatches by Michael Herr which I must read one day since it inspired Apocalypse Now." I should say part-inspired since Conrad might claim the primary inspiration! I have enjoyed articles on Open Democracy in the past so must follow them more. The London Review of Books is good with their essays providing deeper context. So much reading, so little time!