Note:
Information presented on this web page indicates that GLBT /
LGBT youth are overrepresented in street youth populations.
They may also be overrepresented in incarcerated youth
populations. Maybe homeless adolescent aboriginal GLBT youth
are at the highest risk of all for suicidal behaviors. 2005
Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey and Massachusetts
Annual Homeless Enrollment Data: "16% of students who
self identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual are homeless,
compared to 4% of their straight peers. 15% of homeless
students self-identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Patrick C (2014). Aboriginal Homelessness in
Canada: A Literature Review. Toronto: Canadian
Homelessness Research Network Press. PDF
Download. "Aboriginal youth
are overrepresented in the Canadian
homeless population and this crisis
has been recognized in a variety of
sources, including ones released by
agencies of the Government of Canada
(Kelly and Caputo 2007, Higgitt et
al. 2003, CMHC 2001). However, a
number of researchers have
acknowledged research on these youth
is sparse (Berman et al. 2009,
Baskin 2007, Brown et al. 2007).
Official statistics paint an
incomplete picture of the problem,
however, researchers, advocates, and
front-line workers alike have
declared homelessness among
Aboriginal youth is a rapidly
escalating national emergency
(Raising the Roof 2009, United
Native Nations Society 2001). For
example, Aboriginal youth made up
almost 20 percent of the street
youth population in Ottawa in 2001,
but only 1.5 percent of the entire
city’s population (CMHC 2001). The
situation in Vancouver was found to
be even more dire, with 30 percent
of the street youth population being
of Aboriginal descent, despite the
fact that Aboriginal Peoples made up
only 2 percent of Vancouver’s total
population (Goldberg et al. 2005).
It is important to remember homeless
urban Aboriginal youth are not a
homogeneous population (Brown et al.
2007). Nonetheless, some common
themes run through their accounts of
life before becoming homeless.
Negative experiences in the child
welfare system, poverty and
inadequate housing in their early
years of life, and family histories
scarred by colonization and its
traumatic effects punctuate many of
their stories." {p.32)

Kidd SA, Gaetz S,
O'Grady B (2017). The 2015
National Canadian Homeless Youth
Survey: Mental Health and
Addiction Findings. Canadian
Journal of Psychiatry.
Online First. PubMed
Abstract.
Some related information
given in: Gaetz S,
O'Grady B, Kidd S, Schwan
K (2016). Without
a Home: The National Youth
Homelessness Survey.
Toronto: Canadian
Observatory on Homelessness
Press. COH Research Report #
14. PDF
Download Page.
Canada-wide study sample, N =
.1,103. LGBTQ = 29%.
Aboriginal = 28%. Note: Aboriginal
Peoples in Canada: First Nations
People, Métis and Inuit
(Statistics Canada, 2011): "New data from the National
Household Survey (NHS) show that
1,400,685 people had an Aboriginal
identity in 2011, representing
4.3% of the total Canadian
population." - LGBTQ2S Youth
Housing (Vancouver, 2017):
"Recent homeless counts indicate
that there are over 700 homeless
youth in Vancouver, and many more
uncounted or under housed. In
Canada, research shows that the
LGBTQ2S* population of homeless
youth is between 25-40%, while
approximately 10% of the total
general population identify as
LGBTQ2S [Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender, Queer, Questioning,
Two-Spirit].

Massachusetts Commission on
LGBTQ [Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender, Queer and Questioning] Youth
(2016). Annual Policy Recommendations
FY 16 Summary.PDF
Download. "Family
rejection and homelessness. According
to the 2013 MYRBS, approximately 14.5% of
sexual minority youth report that they meet
the federal definition of homelessness,
compared to 3.3% of their peers. Further,
68% of homeless sexual minority youth MYRBS
respondents report that they are
unaccompanied, meaning that they do not live
with a parent or legal guardians. Of note,
MYRBS data on homelessness is limited to
respondents who are in school and able to
take the school-based survey. A national
survey of over 300 homeless service provider
organizations conducted by the Williams
Institute at the University of California
Los Angles and other collaborators found
that 40% of all homeless or at-risk youth in
the U.S. identify as LGBTQ.10
Findings point to LGBTQ youth of color being
particularly at risk, with national studies
showing 65% of homeless individuals
identifying as a racial minority.11

10. Durso,
L.E., & Gates, G.J. (2012).
Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National
Survey of Service Providers Working with
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender
Youth who are Homeless or At Risk of
Becoming Homeless. Los Angeles: The Williams
Institute with True Colors Fund and The
Palette Fund. Retrieved from http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Durso-Gates-LGBT-Homeless-Youth-Survey-July-2012.pdf.
This research is consistent with a previous
review of 16 peer-reviewed journal articles
and several other sources conducted by the
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy
Institute in 2006 found that up to 40
percent of all homeless youth in the U.S.
were LGBTQ. Ray, N. (2006.) Lesbian,
Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth: An
Epidemic of Homelessness. New York: National
Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute
and National Coalition for the Homeless [PDF Download Page]. 11. Bridges,
Emily. (2007). The impact of
homophobia and racism on GLBTQ youth of
color. Advocates for Youth. Retrieved from http://www.lgbt.ucla.edu/documents/ImpactofHomophobiaandRacism.pdf.
[Dead link. Document available here.]

Gattis, Maurice
Nathaniel (2010). Psychosocial Problems of Homeless
Sexual Minority Youths and their Heterosexual Counterparts.
PhD. Dissertation, Social Work, Washington University in St.
Louis. PDF Download. "... The current
study reports on the findings of the Los Angeles Foster Youth
Survey (LAFYS) which was designed to assess the proportion of
youth placed in the Los Angeles County public child welfare
system who are LGBTQ and to examine their experiences in
communities, schools, and foster care. Findings indicate that
approximately 19% of Los Angeles foster youth are LGBTQ. This
proportion of youth is significantly higher than estimates of
adolescent and young adult sexual and gender minority
identification rates in the general population. Further,
analyses also indicate that sexual and gender minority youth
in this study are less satisfied with their child welfare
system experience, are more likely to experience homelessness,
are moved around to more placements, and are experiencing
higher levels of emotional distress compared to their
non-LGBTQ counterparts.

Corliss
HL, Goodenow CS, Nichols L, Austin SB (2011). High
burden of homelessness among sexual-minority adolescents:
findings from a representative Massachusetts high school
sample. American Journal of Public Health, 101(9):
1683-9. Abstract.
PDF Download. PDF Download. "Approximately 25% of
lesbian/gay, 15% of bisexual, and 3% of exclusively
heterosexual Massachusetts public high school students were
homeless. Sexual-minority males and females had an odds of
reporting current homelessness that was between 4 and 13 times
that of their exclusively heterosexual peers. Sexual-minority
youths' greater likelihood of being homeless was driven by
their increased risk of living separately from their parents
or guardians...

Page M (2017). Forgotten Youth: Homeless LGBT
Youth of Color and the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act. Northwestern
Journal of Law and Social Policy,
12(2). PDF
Download. "Unfortunately, the
Runaway and Homeless Youth Act does
not specifically account for these
differences which causes some youth
in need to miss out on the services
and programs that their peers
receive. As a result, there is
presently a disproportionate
percentage of youth of color, and
especially LGBT youth of color, who
experience homelessness in a given
year compared to their overall
percentage in the general
population. Thus, this Comment
focuses on how and why this problem
occurs, the effects it has on
homeless LGBT youth of color, and
then proposes specific revisions to
the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act
that would better remedy the present
pervasive homelessness amongst LGBT
youth of color and in effect, all
homeless youth.

Murphy NF (2013). Developing Evidence-Based
Effective Principles for Working with Homeless Youth: A
Developmental Evaluation of the Otto Bremer Foundation’s
Support for Collaboration Among Agencies Serving Homeless
Youth. PhD Dissertation, University of Minnesota. PDF Download. " Four specific groups
of young people at an increased risk of becoming homeless
are: youths who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or
questioning (LGBTQ) (Cochran, Stewart, Ginzler, & Cauce,
2002); young women who are pregnant or have children (Halcón
& Lifson, 2004); young people of color (U.S. Conference
of Mayors, 2008); and youth who have been under the
supervision of the child welfare or juvenile justice system
(Teplin, Abram, McClelland, Dulcan, & Mericle, 2002).

Authors Unspecified (2016). Saint John’s Plan to
End Youth Homelessness. The Saint John Human Development
Council (HDC). PDF Download. "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender, Transsexual, Queer, Two Spirited (LGBTQ2S) youth
are overrepresented in the homeless youth population in
Canada, and internationally (Abramovich, 2012; The Albert
Kennedy Trust, 2013; Toronto City, 2013). Abramovich (2012)
highlights that “approximately 25-40% of homeless youth
identify as LGBTQ, meanwhile only approximately 5-10% of the
general population identifies as LGBTQ” and that family
conflict, a major contributor to youth homelessness, includes
“homophobia and transphobia, such as being forced to leave
home after coming out as LGBTQ to one’s family.”"Dyck DR (2013). LGBTQ Youth Suicide Prevention
Summit 2012: Report on Outcomes and Recommendations.
EGALE Canada Human Rights Trust. PDF
Download. "While most youth can be reached at
least in part through Canada’s education system, this is
not universally true. In fact, 20% of the homeless youth
in Calgary (Worthington et al. 2008) and 28% of those in
New York City (Freeman and Hamilton 2008) identify as
LGB, while 23% of the homeless youth in Toronto identify
as LGBT (Gaetz, O’Grady, and Buccieri 2010) - a
significant overrepresentation. Various studies on
homelessness among LGBT youth have demonstrated that
street-involvement often leads to elevated risk factors
for suicidal behaviour, such as depression, Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder, sexual victimization and
substance abuse, in comparison to their non-LGBT peers
(Whitbeck et al. 2004). These are generally not youth
who will benefit from support provided through the
education system. As such, while schools may be the most
accessible mechanism for service providers, it was
repeatedly noted during the Summit that they cannot
constitute the sole focus of suicide prevention
initiatives for LGBTQ youth. All government
services—whether federal, provincial/territorial,
municipal or Aboriginal jurisdiction—must actively
participate in supporting LGBTQ youth and fostering
safety and inclusivity based on sexual orientation and
gender identity (e.g. youth criminal justice, mental
health and addictions, child welfare, foster care,
etc.)."Taylor
K (2014). Self-Reported Psychopathology
Correlates of Homeless Youth in Utah. Master's
Dissertation, Utah State University. PDF
Download. Study sample
of homeless youth, Salt Lake
City, n
= 172. male = 63%. Female =
36%. White = 65%. Native
American = 11%. African
American = 5%. LGBTQ =
30%.

Northwest Youth Services
(2014). Queer Youth Project
(QYP): Recommendations Report for
Serving LGBTQ Youth Experiencing
Homelessness in Whatcom County.
PDF
Download. "Durso and Gates (2012)
surveyed 354 agencies that provide
services to LGBTQ homeless youth and
approximated that 40 percent of teh
agencies' clients oidentified as LGBTQ."
... 57 surveys were completed by
homeless youth between the ages of 13
and 25. Of these 57 youth, 51 of them
disclosed their sexual orientation on
the survey. Eleven youth identified as
either lesbian, gay or bisexual. One of
those individuals also identified as
transgender. These results align closely
with the national data as 21.5% of the
homeless youth who disclosed their
sexual orientation identified as
something other than heterosexual or
cisgender... 107 surveys were completed
by youth between the ages of 12-25. Of
these 107, 88 were experiencing some
form of homelessness and of that number,
21 identified as LGBTQ and one refused
to answer. This means that 23.8% of
youth experiencing homelessness or
unstable housing identify as LGBTQ,
which is consistent with the national
average... Although there has been a
growing level of social acceptance for
LGBTQ individuals, there is still a fear
and reluctance among LGBTQ homeless
youth who are trying to access services.
For instance, Cray, Miller, and Durso
(2013) explain that although youth know
about available services and how to
access those services youth are
skeptical about using them because of
fear of labeling, objectification, or
lack of effectiveness" (p. 27). Despite
the lack of research on exactly why
LGBTQ youth are not accessing available
services, it is evident that there is a
stigma when it comes to identifying as
anything other than heterosexual. In
order to combat the disproportion of
LGBTQ homeless youth and the struggles
they face, our central mission must
address the stigma society has placed on
these youth."

Rice E,
Petering R, Rhoades H,
Barman-Adhikari A, Winetrobe
H, Plant A, Montoya J7, Kordic
T (2015). Homelessness and
Sexual Identity Among Middle
School Students. Journal of
School Health,
85(8):552-557. PubMed
Abstract.Request
Full Text. "However,
when limiting the sample
to students who had
experienced homelessness,
LGBQ students were more
than 5 times as likely as
heterosexual students to
have stayed in a public
place and 63% as likely to
have stayed in a
shelter... Lesbian, gay,
bisexual, or questioning
students are more likely
to experience public
homelessness. Schools must
implement homelessness
surveillance systems to
assist in identifying
early episodes of
homelessness, thereby
reducing the likelihood of
poor physical and mental
health outcomes associated
with chronic
homelessness."

Leitsinger, Miranda (2014). Left
Behind: LGBT Homeless Youth Struggle to
Survive on the Streets. Full
Text. "Despite the gains made for gay
rights in recent years, homeless LGBT
(lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) youth
have benefited little. Instead, their numbers
on the streets have swelled, representing up
to an estimated 40 percent of the nation’s
young adult homeless population, data shows.
In many cases, LGBT youth choose or are forced
to leave home because their families don’t
accept them. Once homeless, they are exposed
to the perils of street life: violence,
survival sex, and, in some cases, HIV. "

Lambda
Legal: LGBTQ
Youth Risk Data (2010): Lesbian,
gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning
(“LGBTQ”) youth are coming out and publicly
acknowledging that they are LGBTQ at younger
ages than ever before. For many LGBTQ youth,
their sexual orientation or gender identity
is why they are in out-of-home care in the
first place. Their families may have
rejected them outright, or they were forced
to escape physically or psychologically
abusive families who wanted to “cure” or
punish them. Further exacerbating their
situation is the harassment and violence
that LGBTQ youth often face in school
settings. As a result, LGBTQ youth are
over-represented in out-of-home systems of
care. They are at increased risk of
homelessness, dropping out of school,
physical or emotional abuse, depression,
substance abuse, rape and suicide.

Authors Unspecified (2016). Saint John’s Plan to End
Youth Homelessness. The Saint John Human Development
Council (HDC). PDF Download. "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender, Transsexual, Queer, Two Spirited (LGBTQ2S) youth
are overrepresented in the homeless youth population in
Canada, and internationally (Abramovich, 2012; The Albert
Kennedy Trust, 2013; Toronto City, 2013). Abramovich (2012)
highlights that “approximately 25-40% of homeless youth
identify as LGBTQ, meanwhile only approximately 5-10% of the
general population identifies as LGBTQ” and that family
conflict, a major contributor to youth homelessness, includes
“homophobia and transphobia, such as being forced to leave
home after coming out as LGBTQ to one’s family.”"

Ferguson-Colvin KM, Silberman
EM (2012).Toolkit for Practitioners/Researchers
Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and
Queer/Questioning (LGBTQ) Runaway and Homeless Youth (RHY).
The National Resource Center for Permanency and Family
Connections (NRCPFC). PDF
Download.

Keuroghlian AS, Shtasel D, Bassuk EL (2014). Out
on the street: a public health and policy agenda for lesbian,
gay, bisexual, and transgender youth who are homeless.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(1): 66-72. PubMed
Abstract. PDF
Download.

Sinclair R, Grekul J (2012). Aboriginal Youth Gangs in
Canada: (de)constructing an epidemic. First Peoples Child
& Family Review, 7(1): 8-28. PDF Download. "The kinds of kids that
are attractive to gangs are street kids without close
family. These kids want love and respect and the gang
provided that for them. Kids within the family services
system are really attractive to gangs. (p. 68) ... At the
street level in Saskatoon, Aboriginal consensus would most
likely be that gangs are more of a problem in Manitoba, and
in Winnipeg specifically. This is validated by Goodwill
(2009) citing Sheremeta (1999), who noted that “Winnipeg
Police department authorities reported 1400-1500 active gang
members in the city, 75 per cent of whom were of Aboriginal
descent” (p. 2)..." Notes: Sexual orientation
is not mentioned in the paper. See documentary film "Check It" (Related Information (CBC)): In new
documentary Check It, black LGBT youth form a gang to
protect themselves. D.C. youths' story is gripping, but film
is short on social context... Although inner-city
gangs are not a new subject in the doc world, the twist of a
gang made up of primarily gay men and trans people makes
Check It a unique and untold story... The film follows four
gang members as they navigate the complex realities of
growing up with limited resources and numerous barriers in
Washington D.C., where discrimination is rife. According to
2014 FBI Hate Crime Statistics in the city, 41 per cent of
attacks were motivated by the victim's sexual orientation,
21 per cent were motivated by the victim's gender identity
and 19 per cent were motivated by the victim's race...

See: Totten M
(2012). Gays in the Gang. Journal of Gang
Research, 19(2): 1-24. PDF Download.Request Full Text. Abstract. "These acts often
endangered the lives of others. It is based upon an
ethnographic study of how youth gang members aged 14-20
years accounted for their physical, sexual, and emotional
violence against heterosexual peers, strangers, sexual
minorities, and racial minorities. In-depth interviews and
participant observation methods were used. A main
objective was to understand GBT gang members' use of
violence in a heterosexual gang context from their
perspective. There is no existing literature on this
topic. The pressure to conform to heterosexism and
homophobia, along with repressed homosexuality, are key to
understanding the motives behind violence used by gay,
bisexual, and transsexual youth. The experiences of gay
and bisexual young men in homophobic environments likely
take on significantly different meanings than those of
girls who identified as bisexual in correctional
settings..."

See: Petering R
(2016). Sexual risk, substance use, mental health,
and trauma experiences of gang-involved homeless youth. Journal
of Adolescence, 48(6): 73-81. This study examined
the associations of sexual risk behaviors, substance use,
mental health, and trauma with varying levels of gang
involvement in a sample of Los Angeles-based homeless
youths. Data were collected from 505 homeless youths who
self-reported various health information and whether they
have ever identified as or been closely affiliated with a
gang member. Multi-variable logistic regression assessed
associations of lifetime gang involvement with risk taking
behaviors and negative health outcomes. Results revealed
seventeen percent of youths have ever identified as a gang
member and 46% as gang affiliated. Both gang members and
affiliates were at greater risk of many negative behaviors
than non-gang involved youths. Gang members and affiliates
were more likely to report recent methamphetamine use,
cocaine use, chronic marijuana use, having sex while
intoxicated, and symptoms of depression, symptoms of
post-traumatic stress disorder. They were also more likely
to have experienced childhood sexual abuse and witnessing
family violence. Gang members were more likely to ever
attempt suicide, experience recent partner violence, and
report physical abuse during childhood. Results suggest
that lifetime gang involvement is related to a trajectory
of negative outcomes and amplified risk for youths
experiencing homelessness. Additionally, being closely
connected to a gang member appears to have just as much as
an impact on risk as personally identifying as a gang
member.

Walls NE, Bell S (2011). Correlates of Engaging in
Survival Sex among Homeless Youth and Young Adults.
Journal of Sex Research, 25:1-14. [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract.
"1,625 homeless youth and young adults aged 10 to 25 from 28
different states in the United States": 20% Gay, Lesbian, or
Bisexual.

Gangamma R,
Slesnick N, Toviessi P, Serovich J (2008). Comparison
of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual
Homeless Youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,
37(4): 456–464. PDF Download. Abstract.
"Results suggest that GLB youth have greater HIV risks and
that these risks are greater among bisexual females. In
examining the predictors of sexual health risks, survival sex
emerged as the most significant. Survival sex was high among
females regardless of their sexual orientation and also among
gay males. Implications of these findings suggest that a
greater emphasis needs to be paid to preventive interventions
among this population."

"LGBTQ youth are
estimated to be 10 percent of the general youth
population.12 In contrast, research (Table 1) forms a
cluster of findings that show 15 to 25 percent of homeless
youth self-identify as LGBTQ. A conservative estimate would
be that one out of every five (20 percent) of homeless youth
are LGBTQ or twice the number of the general youth
population. Thus, LGBTQ youth are disproportionately
experiencing homelessness."

Webpage Author
Note: The LGBTQ population percentage may be closer to
5%, meaning that they would be 4-times more overrepresented
in the homeless youth population.

Toro PA, Dwosrky A, Fowler PJ (2007).
Homeless youth in the United States: Research findings
and intervention approaches. The 2007 National
Symposium on Homelessness Research. Full
Text.

"Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and
transgender (GLBT) youth comprise 6 percent of the
homeless youth population according to the National
Network of Runaway and Youth Services. However, other
prevalence estimates range from 11 to 35 percent (Kruks,
1991; Tenner et al., 1998; Whitbeck et al., 2004).
Compared to heterosexual homeless youth, GLBT homeless
youth leave home more frequently and are exposed to
greater victimization while on the streets (Cochran et
al., 2002). In addition, these youth may experience more
physical and sexual abuse from caretakers (Whitbeck et
al., 2004). GLBT youth may be at particular risk for
homelessness due to conflict with their family regarding
their sexual orientation (Milburn, Ayala, Rice, Batterham,
& Rotheram-Borus, 2006; Remafedi, 1987)."

Marshall, Brandon
David Lewis (2010). The epidemiology of
methamphetamine use among street youth and injection drug
users. PhD. Dissertation, Health Care and Epidemiology,
University of British Columbia.PDF Download. Download Page.
See: CHAPTER 4: Pathways to HIV risk and Vulnerability Among
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Methamphetamine
Users: A Multi‐Cohort Gender‐Based Analysis.GLBTstreet Youth also
more likely to be aboriginal than heterosexual street youth.

Key
findings: Aboriginal youth were disproportionately
represented among youth who were marginalized and
street-involved, and the percentage had increased sharply
since 2000 (from 36% to 57%). - Gay lesbian, bisexual and
questioning teens were also over-represented among
marginalized and street-involved youth: one in three females
and one in ten males identified as gay, lesbian and
bisexual. 100% heterosexual = 76% males & 42% females. -
The percentage of gay, lesbian and bisexual youth who are
marginalized or street-involved also appears to be
increasing. When the communities who participated in both
2000 and 2006 were compared, the percentage of youth
identifying as gay, lesbian or bisexual had risen from 18%
to 25%.

In 2000
the McCreary Centre Society conducted a health survey of
marginalized and street-involved youth in six communities
across British Columbia. The study was repeated in nine
communities in 2006 and was completed by 762 youth, 410 of
whom identified as Aboriginal (54%). In the communities that
participated in both surveys there was a rise in the numbers
of Aboriginal youth from 36% to 57%... Lesbian, gay, and
bisexual youth (LGB) were highly over-represented,
especially among female participants. Only 44% of females
identified as 100% heterosexual, compared with 77% of males...

In Canada, given that homosexually
oriented youth and aboriginal youth are greatly
overrepresented in the street youth population, this
document will prove to be a great disappointment for many. Canadian
Institute for Health Information (2007). Improving
the Health of Canadians: Mental Health and Homelessness.
Ottawa: Canadian
Institute for Health Information (PDF
Download). "Because of the availability of data and research,
information presented in this report was primarily specific to
homeless youth and single adult males. The report did not look
specifically at the following subgroups: one-parent families,
children of homeless families, single adult females, women and
children in shelters for domestic violence, Aboriginal
Peoples, gay/lesbian/transgender youth, immigrants, war
veterans and seniors. It is important to identify the
prevalence of these groups within the homeless population, as
well as their mental health issues and needs." To be more
correct, maybe this document dhoulf have been titled: "Mental
Health and Homeless: Only white (?) heterosexual youth
and single heterosexual males are of concern to us!"
Note; Canada has a long history of harming aboriginal people,
and especially aboriginal youth, and the same has applies for
homosexually oriented people. One of the new more insidious
ways that harm continues to be inflicted on such traditionally
hated people is by ignoring (silencing) their "at risk" status
in many areas so that maximum casualties will be maintained in
such populations.Spirito
A, Esposito-Smythers C (2006). Attempted and completed
suicide in adolescence. In Nolen-Hoeksema (ed.), Annual Review
of Clinical Psychology, Vol 2. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Review.
From the Abstract:
"Groups at high risk for suicidal behavior include gay,
lesbian, and bisexual youths, incarcerated adolescents, and
homeless/runaway teens."

Out of the
closet and onto the street (2011): “There’s a lot
more homophobia within some First Nations communities now” ...
In 2010, 29 per cent of the male sex workers in Vancouver
identified as First Nations or Métis, according to the yearly
evaluation carried out by the sex worker outreach and support
program Hustle:
Men on the Move. A 2005 survey led by researcher
Sue McIntyre found that 43 per cent of young men in British
Columbia’s sex trade were Aboriginal. The statistics reflect
the number of individuals who could be found accessing
services and were willing to share their experiences. Many are
hard to spot due the perception that men don’t sell sex and
because they may also avoid using support providers. “When you
are 15 or 14 or 13 and you are out on your own and you have no
work experience you can’t get a job,” David says. “So what do
you turn to? The sex trade.” David’s drop-in group would meet
once a week, attracting between 4 and 20 Aboriginal youth a
night. “There was nothing else out there,” he says. “And I was
starting to realize that the street-entrenched youth who were
Two-Spirited weren’t using mainstream drop-ins.”

McIntyre, S.
(2009). Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation
of Young Men - Western Canadian Edition. PDF
Download.PDF
Download.

McIntyre, S.
(2007). Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation
of Young Men - Manitoba Edition. PDF
Download.

Data
Source: McCreary
Centre Society (2001)Note:
Only the combined male & female counts in
each specified BC location are given.
All other counts in the Table are estimated from
given percentages.* These counts were
estimated and are likely inflated given that
52 + 85 = 147, and that the suicide attempter
count for be closer to 142.
** An Estimate.

1. Aboriginal Compared with Non-Aboriginal
Student Results in 2003 BC AHS (Adolescent Health
Survey). Aboriginal Students = 2,478. Non Aboriginal
Students = + 28,000
2. The "Attempted Suicide in Past Year" incidence
for all male and female BC street youth would be
about 27%. van der Woerd (2005)
reports that, for Aboriginal Street Youth, the
incidence was 33%. See "Estimate" below for the
Non-Aboriginal street youth incidence for having
attempted suicide.
3. Calculated From Above Two Categories. Note: It is
likely that street youth are more determined to die
when they attempt suicide and that they also have
more knowledge about what may kill them. Hence,
their higher risk for injury(ies) (55.6%) related to
a suicide attempt(s).

Data Source: Roy et al. (2004)
** Not Given by Authors: Roughly Estimated. The
male street youth suicide rate (626) is many times
higher than the Canadian suicide rates for similar
age males: 14.5 to 19.9: 1996-1997.
See Table Below for Canadian Male Suicide Rates in
1991-1997.
** Given by Roy et al. (2003)
for Subsample, N = 863

Clatts MC, Goldsamt L, Yi H, Gwadz
MV (2005). Homelessness and drug abuse among young
men who have sex with men in New York city: a preliminary
epidemiological trajectory. Journal of Adolescence,
28(2): 201-14. PubMed
Abstract. Full
Text.

Men Who Have Sex
With Men (MSM): New York
Age: 17 to 28 Years - Mean: 21.7 Years: 'Race'/Ethnicity

Categories

All MSM
Males **

** Ever
Homeless

Never
Homeless

Previously
Homeless

Currently
Homeless

N's
Precent

569
100%

249
43.8%

320
56.2%

166
29.2%

83
14.7%

Age: Mean, (SD)

21.7 (2.9)

21.8 (2.9)

21.6 (2.9)

21.4 (2.9)

White, %
Category,
% White,
n's*

26.7%
100%
152

16.5%
27.0%
41 : 111

34.7%
73.0%
111 : 41

20.5%
22.4%
34 : 118

8.4%
4.6%
7 : 145

Black, % of
Category,
% Black,
n's*
OR (95%CI): vs. Whitep ***

22.7%
100%
129

24.1%
46.5%
60 : 69
2.4 (1.4, 3.9)
0.0006

21.6%
53.5%
69 : 60

22.9%
29.4%
38 : 91
1.4 (0.85, 2.5)
0.175

26.5%
17.1%
22 : 107
4.3 (1.7, 10.3)
0.0006

Hispanic, %
of Category,
% Hispanic,
n's*OR (95%CI): vs. Whitep ***

40.4%
100%
230

50.2%
54.3%
125 : 105
3.2 (2.1, 5.0)
0.0000

32.8%
45.7%
105 : 125

48.8%
35.2%
81 : 149
1.9 (1.2, 3.0)
0.007

53.0%
19.1%
44 : 186
4.9 (2.1, 11.2)
0.0000

Others, % of
Category,
% Others,
n's*OR (95%CI): vs. Whitep ***

10.2%
100%
58

9.2%
39.6%
23 : 35
1.8 (0.94, 3.4)
0.074

10.9%
60.4%
35 : 23

7.8%
22.4%
13 : 45
1.0 (0.48, 2.1)
0.994

12.0%
17.2%
10 : 48
4.3 (1.6, 12.0)
0.003

***
Statistics
4 'Races': Chi Square

28.7
0.001

28.7
0.000

8.8
0.05

16.9
0.001

Data Source: Clatts et. al.
(2005)
* The n's are not given. Estimated from given
percentages in Homeless Categories
n's = Yes : No - within each 'Race'/Ethnic
category Assuming that all study participants
responded to the questions asked.** Generally not given. Calculated from other
data.
*** Odd Ratios and Significance calculated by web
page author.

Men
Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): New York
Sexual Orientation Categories

Data Source: Clatts
et. al. (2005)
* The n's are not given. Estimated from given
percentages in Homeless Categories
n's = Yes : No - within each Sexual Orientation
category Assuming that all study participants
responded to the questions asked. ** Generally not given. Calculated from other
data.
*** Odd Ratios and Significance calculated by
web page author.
Trangender compared to Gay,
but some trangender identified MSMs may also
have identified as gay.

Men
Who Have Sex With Men (MSM): New York
Age: 17 to 28 Years - Mean: 21.7 Years: 'Race'/Ethnicity