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Laser-induced photoelectric and photoemission optogalvanic effects in a Ne-Nd hollow cathode discharge have been studied using a continuous wave laser source. The potential barrier for photoinduced electron emission from the cathode decreases as the applied voltage is increased. Owing to secondary electron emission in the plasma, the photocurrent is greater than that without discharge. The multiplication of secondary electrons and the quantum efficiency are also investigated.

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We report the experimental observation of subcritical Hopf bifurcation and the existence of non-oscillating “windows” in the dynamics of a Ne-Nd hollow cathode discharge current as the control parameter.

The phenomenon of mirage effect suffered by a He-Ne laser beam has been utilized to detect phase transitions in solids. It has been observed that anomalous fluctuations of large amplitude occur in the signal level near the transition temperature. The mean square value of the fluctuation is found to exhibit a well-defined peak at this point. Results of measurements made in the case of crystals of TGS ((NH2CH2COOH)3.H2SO4) and a ceramic sample (BaTiO3) are given to illustrate this technique.

Analysis of the emission bands of the CN molecules in the plasma generated from
a graphite target irradiated with 1-06/~m radiation pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has
been done. Depending on the position of the sampled volume of the plasma plume, the intensity
distribution in the emission spectra is found to change drastically. The vibrational temperature
and population distribution in the different vibrational levels have been studied as function of
distance from the target for different time delays with respect to the incidence of the laser pulse.
The translational temperature calculated from time of flight is found to be higher than the
observed vibrational temperature for CN molecules and the reason for this is explained.

We propose to show in this paper, that the time series obtained from biological systems such as human brain are invariably nonstationary because of different time scales involved in the dynamical process. This makes the invariant parameters time dependent. We made a global analysis of the EEG data obtained from the eight locations on the skull space and studied simultaneously the dynamical characteristics from various parts of the brain. We have proved that the dynamical parameters are sensitive to the time scales and hence in the study of brain one must identify all relevant time scales involved in the process to get an insight in the working of brain.

Optical emission studies of C2 molecules in plasma obtained by Nd:YAG
laser ablation of graphite in a helium atmosphere are reported for irradiances in the
range (1–9:2/ x 1010 W cm−2. The characteristics of the spectral emission intensity
from the C2 (Swan band) species have been investigated as functions of the
distance from the target, ambient pressure and laser irradiance. Estimates of
vibrational temperatures of C2 species under various irradiance conditions are
made. Results of measurements performed under different ambient helium gas
pressures are also discussed.

D.C. and a.c. electrical conductivities, dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor in single crystals of ethylenediammonium sulphate, (H3NCH2CH2NH3)(SO4), have been measured axiswise as a function of temperature. Anomalous variations in all the above properties at 480 K indicate the occurrence of a phase transition in the above material at this temperature. The existence of such a phase transition is also confirmed by DSC measurements. Electrical conductivity results are analysed and the activation energies of conduction at different temperature regions have been evaluated from the logσ vs 103T−1 plot. Possible mechanisms for the electrical conduction process are discussed, the available results being in favour of a proton transport model.

A laser produced plasma from the multielement solid target YBa2Cu3O7 is generated using 1.06 μm, 9 ns pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in air at atmospheric pressure. A time resolved analysis of the profile of the 4554.03 Å resonance line emission from Ba II at various laser power densities has been carried out. It has been found that the line has a profile which is strongly self-reversed. It is also observed that at laser power densities equal to or exceeding 1.6×1011 W cm−2, a third peak begins to develop at the centre of the self-reversed profile and this has been interpreted as due to the anisotropic resonance scattering (fluorescence). The number densities of singly ionized barium ions evaluated from the width of the resonance line as a function of time delay with respect to the beginning of the laser pulse give typical values of the order of 1019 cm−3. The higher ion concentrations existing at smaller time delays are seen to decrease rapidly. The Ba II ions in the ground state resonantly absorb the radiation and this absorption is maximum around 120 ns after the laser pulse.

Laser‐induced damage and ablation thresholds of bulk superconducting samples of Bi2(SrCa)xCu3Oy(x=2, 2.2, 2.6, 2.8, 3) and Bi1.6 (Pb)xSr2Ca2Cu3 Oy (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) for irradiation with a 1.06 μm beam from a Nd‐YAG laser have been determined as a function of x by the pulsed photothermal deflection technique. The threshold values of power density for ablation as well as damage are found to increase with increasing values of x in both systems while in the Pb‐doped system the threshold values decrease above a specific value of x, coinciding with the point at which the Tc also begins to fall.

Optical emission studies of C2 molecules in plasma obtained by Nd:YAG
laser ablation of graphite in a helium atmosphere are reported for irradiances in the
range (1–9:2/ x 1010 W cm−2. The characteristics of the spectral emission intensity
from the C2 (Swan band) species have been investigated as functions of the
distance from the target, ambient pressure and laser irradiance. Estimates of
vibrational temperatures of C2 species under various irradiance conditions are
made. Results of measurements performed under different ambient helium gas
pressures are also discussed.