The length, weight, age and mid upper-arm circumference of each child was obtained to calculate z-scores for weight-for-age (underweight), height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-height (wasting), as per the WHO Growth Standards [16].

Latino and multiracial race/ethnicity, drinking sugary beverages at kindergarten age at least once weekly, the number of adults in the household, and a middle upper-arm circumference at nine months old also were associated with severe obesity.

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