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environmental Public health PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Presented by Mary Glassburner For DHSS/DNR Onsite Waste Water Treatment Stakeholder Meeting August 1, 2011 Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services Division of Community and Public Health Section for Environmental Public Health. environmental Public health.

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environmental Public health

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Why do we care?

Really--Where does it go?

Does Anyone Think About It ?

?

In the old days…

Sanitation In Ancient Times

Deuteronomy 23:12-13 “Thou shall have a place also without the camp, where you shall go forth; and you shall have a paddle upon your weapon; whereby you shall dig when you ease thyself, and shall turn back and cover that which cometh from you…”

Maintained cleanliness in camp

Hid offensive matter from sight and removed odors from camp

History of Sanitation

Aqueducts

Advanced Water Systems

Public Baths

First Sewers

‘Cloaca Maxima’

Engineered and constructed system

Drained surface water and household waste

Empties into the Tiber River

In use today

Roman advancements (800-500 Bc)

House drains and sewage disposal wells

4,500 to 6,000 years ago

Up to 45’ deep

Large terra cotta sections

19” diameter

Punctured /w small holes ¾” diameter

Capped at opening

Ancient Greece: 350 BC

Hippocrates (Father of Medicine)

Warned of drinking or bathing in polluted water

Recommended boiling water for drinking

Ancient Babylonia Evidence

Dark Ages—Fall of Roman Empire

Over 1,000 years intellectual darkness

“Uncleanliness is next to Godliness”

Filth, squalor, disease and death common

Crusades spread disease—Cholera, Typhoid, Plague

Progress?

1500s sanitation ‘improves’

Sewers of London, Paris, Seville

1550—1570s construction of sewers

King’s Court--center

Dumped into natural water ways

17th & 18th century

Cesspools under houses

House & street drainage—rivers

Disease continues

Sporadic large epidemics

Sanitation Progress

Engineered sewage systems become more common in cities around the world

America 1800’s

Chicago: 1855-1860

Brooklyn, NY: 1856-1900

Philadelphia: 1870s

European improvements spread

Progress Continues—1800’S

Disease and Death Continue

Paris 1832: ‘Great Cholera Epidemic’

London 1850s: Cholera and Typhoid epidemics

Memphis 1879-1890: Cholera & Yellow Fever

5,150 people dead and thousands more ill

Spread to other states by refuges from Memphis

“Shotgun Quarantine” court ordered

Cellars used for cesspools—honeycombed under city

Pollution of ground and surface water systems

Congress organized National Board of Health

Disease Epidemics

Scientific breakthroughs : 1850-1890

Robert Koch--Germany Louis Pasteur--France

John Snow--London

Germ Theory

Anthrax Vaccine

Rabies Vaccine

Pasteurization

Aseptic Surgery

Cholera & Typhoid Epidemiology

London: Cholera Clusters—1854

Human waste from cesspools and street drainage

Seeped into ground water-contaminated wells

Proved the spread of disease from contaminated water

Environmental Sanitation

Late 1860 – 1900

Understanding role of bacteria in decomposition

France & England

Patent on ‘Closed Vault’ treatment system (septic)

“Purification and decomposition”

Microbes change waste matter to “homogeneous slightly turbid fluid”

Chemical process preferred—aseptic process

Destroys microbes

Lime

Environmental Sanitation Revealed

Institute of Civil Engineers—1887

Realized need for ‘septic’ action

Decomposition of waste matter and removal of resulting ‘turbid fluid’

Actions arresting microbial action undesirable

Mass State Board of Health adopted ‘septic’ systems as safe and preferred method for protecting public health

Aseptic VS Septic Systems

Environmental Health Progress

Science

APPLICATION

Epidemiology

Public Health Education

Today -- United states…

Modern Sewage Treatment Plants

Today – in some Areas of the world

In many developing countriessewage is discharged without treatment.

Other Areas of the world

Seine River

(Paris France)

Events of sanitary sewer overflow were not uncommon and often polluted major rivers in developed countries.

River Thames (London England)

…in our country

Events of sanitary sewer overflow are not uncommon and may pollute rivers, streams and other waterways.