Translation of abstract (English)

E-type pronouns constitute a special class of anaphoric pronouns - pronouns that belong to the category of descriptive singular terms. Descriptive singular terms are referential expressions whose reference is fixed by description. Both the notion of an E-type pronoun and the notion of a descriptive singular term itself are highly controversial. In this thesis I develop first a coherent conception of descriptive singular terms and apply it to E-type pronouns. Both of these undertakings are based on Gareth Evans's seminal work. I will then go on to show how a solid understanding of these notions helps to explain notorious difficulties associated with those expressions.