spathulate, 3-15 x 1-6 cm, entire, obtuse to rounded and occasionally notched at the apex, succulent and spirally arranged to nearly opposite, often crowded at the top of the stem, indistinctly or shortly petiolate

It is most easily distinguished from Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertner (a pantropical weed, primarily used as ornamental but also occasionally consumed as vegetable in South East Asia) by its sharply triangular flowering axes (

Perennial. It is fast-growing, and once established it easily reseeds itself. It flowers early and year round, Flowers are open in the morning. Harvesting may start 40-55 days after sowing and thereafter by taken with two weeks interval up to about six months. It has a C4 photosynthesis pathway, resulting in a high level of dry matter production under hot tropical conditions.

Ecology

Habitat

It occurs naturally on roadsides, waste places, and forests edges.

Environment

Latitude:Altitude: It can be found from sea level up to 1000 m.

Temperature: It thrives in hot weather. Reported temperature range for growth is 15-36°C with the optimum between 22-30°C.

Water: It prefers humid conditions but possesses a remarkable degree of drought tolerance. Reported annual rainfall range for growth is 500-3000 mm with the optimum between 1000-2000 mm.

RadiationRange & intensity: It thrives in full sunlight.

Photoperiodism: It is a short-day plant.

Soil:

Physical: It can grow in basically any kind of soil but thrives in well drained soils with some organic content.

Chemical: It thrives in fertile soils but will also grow on infertile sites. Reported soil pH range for growth is 4.5-7 with the optimum between 5-6.5.

Distribution

It is probably native to tropical America. Its complete native range, however, is difficult to ascertain because it is easily transported and easily naturalizes. It has become a weed with pantropical distribution, still extending its range. It was introduced into Java in 1915 from Suriname by the Bogor Botanic Gardens. Elsewhere in South East Asia its introduction is also relatively recent. It is mainly grown in the North Region of Brazil, especially in the States of Pará and Amazonas. It is also cultivated in western Africa, Asia (India, Indonesia and Malaysia) and South America (Brazil and Peru). Siemonsma J.S. 1993

Pollination

The flowers are mainly self-pollinating.

Services

Status

It can be found wild as well as cultivated and is in some locations regarded as a weed.

BEIJING – Cheering from the pool deck, Michael Phelps won his record eighth gold medal of the Beijing Games on Sunday to become the grandest of Olympic champions.

Jason Lezak held on to the lead Phelps gave him, anchoring the United States to a world record in the 400-meter medley relay against an Australian team that did its best to spoil history.

But Phelps, with a big hand from three teammates, would not be denied. He eclipsed Mark Spitz‘s seven-gold performance at the 1972 Munich Games, an iconic performance that was surpassed by a swimmer fitting of this generation: a 23-year-old from Baltimore who loves hip-hop music, texting with his buddies and wearing his cap backward.

“I don’t even know what to feel right now,” Phelps said. “There’s so much emotion going through my head and so much excitement. I kind of just want to see my mom.”

Debbie Phelps was sitting in the stands at the Water Cube, tears streaming down her cheeks, her two daughters by her side. After getting his gold, Phelps quickly found his family, climbing through a horde of photographers to give all three of them a kiss.

Mom put her arm around his neck and gave him a little extra hug.

Her son sure earned it.

“The Beijing Olympics has witnessed the greatest Olympian of all time — Michael Phelps of the USA,” the announcer said as Phelps posed on the deck with his teammates.

Even though the Americans have never lost the medley relay at the Olympics, the latest win was hardly a breeze. When Phelps dived into the water for the butterfly — the third of four legs — the Americans were third behind Japan and Australia.

But Phelps, swimming the same distance and stroke that he used to win his seventh gold a day earlier, powered to the front on his return lap, passing off to Lezak with the Americans in front.

Australia’s Eamon Sullivan tried to chase down Lezak and appeared to be gaining as they came to the wall. But Lezak touched in 3 minutes, 29.34 seconds — Phelps’ seventh world record in his personal Great Haul of China.

The Aussies took silver in 3:30.04, also under the old world record, while Japan held on for the bronze.

“Nothing is impossible,” Phelps said. “With so many people saying it couldn’t be done, all it takes is an imagination, and that’s something I learned and something that helped me.”

Phelps patted breaststroker Brendan Hansen on the head and threw his arms in the air after Lezak finished, though the Americans still had to wait a couple of tantalizing minutes for the official results to be posted. The fourth member of the team was Aaron Peirsol, who swam the leadoff leg.

Finally, it flashed on the board.

World record.

Gold medal No. 8.

On deck, a beaming Phelps slapped hands with his teammates and thrust his arms toward the Water Cube roof. The winning swimmers locked arms as if they were in a football huddle about to break for a play.

Phelps, who won five individual races and three relays in Beijing, couldn’t stop smiling. He also gave a shout-out to those who helped him take down Spitz.

“Without the help of my teammates this isn’t possible,” he said. “I was able to be a part of three relays and we were able to put up a solid team effort and we came together as one unit.

“For the three Olympics I’ve been a part of, this is by far the closest men’s team that we’ve ever had. I didn’t know everybody coming into this Olympics, but I feel going out I know every single person very well. The team that we had is the difference.”

Phelps won some races by ridiculously large margins, others with the closest of finishes — most memorably, his seventh gold by one-hundredth of a second over Serbia’s Milorad Cavic in the 100 fly.

He set seven world records and one Olympic record, doing a personal best time in every event.

“It’s been nothing but an upwards roller-coaster and it’s been nothing but fun,” Phelps said.

Ditto for Dara Torres, who capped her improbable comeback with two more silver medals, missing gold by one hundredth of a second in the 50 freestyle.

The 41-year-old Torres, a five-time Olympian and the oldest American swimmer ever, also anchored the American women to a runner-up finish in the 400 medley relay. She got silver in all three of her races in Beijing, giving her 12 medals in a remarkable career that began at the 1984 Los Angeles Games — a year before Phelps was even born.

Surely this is the end.

Then again, never count Torres out — she’ll only be 45 for the London Games.

Germany’s Britta Steffen nipped Torres at the wall to complete a sweep of the women’s sprint events in Beijing. The middle-aged American smiled, her head dropping back, when she saw a time of 24.07 — just behind Steffen’s winning effort of 24.06. The German added to her gold in the 100 free.

Torres received her silver, then hustled back to the locker room to grab her cap and a pair of old-fashioned goggles that were probably older than some of her teammates. She was trailing as she took the anchor leg and couldn’t catch Libby Trickett on a frantic sprint to the wall.

Still, not bad considering she had retired a second time after the 2000 Sydney Games, then got the urge to compete again after having her first child two years ago. Not content swimming in the old-timers’ division, she set out to prove that age is only a number.

Consider that point made.

Torres got off to a good start in the 50 and appeared to be leading midway through the race, a frenetic sprint from one end of the pool to the other.

As they came to the wall, Torres and Steffen were stroke for stroke. The German reached out with her left hand and Torres stretched with her right. Steffen’s fingertip got there first.

Completing a race for all ages, 16-year-old Australian Cate Campbell claimed the bronze in 24.17.

Australia’s women — Emily Seebohm, Leisel Jones, Jess Schipper and Libby Trickett — took the gold with a world record of 3:52.69. The Americans claimed silver with the second-fastest time in history, 3:53.30, while China took the bronze.

Torres was joined on the U.S. team by Natalie Coughlin, Rebecca Soni and Christine Magnuson. Coughlin received her sixth medal of the games, giving her 11 in her career.

Grant Hackett fell short in his bid to become the first man to win the same event at three straight Olympics.

Australia’s distance king was upset in the 1,500 freestyle by Ous Mellouli, who won Tunisia’s first Olympic swimming gold in 14 minutes, 40.84 seconds.

“It’s like 90 yards of a touchdown. It was so close, but I didn’t have much of a response,” Hackett said. “It’s disappointing I didn’t win. I have no regrets, it certainly was a close race.”

Mellouli held off Hackett in the closing meters of the grueling race, swimming’s version of the mile. Hackett earned the silver in 14:41.53, well off his 7-year-old world record of 14:34.56.

“He’s never hung on like that in the past,” Hackett said of the winner. “He was the better competitor.”

Mellouli, who trains in Southern California, was coming off a suspension after testing positive for amphetamines.

Ryan Cochrane of Canada took the bronze in 14:42.69.

After receiving his eighth gold, Phelps received another award from FINA, the sport’s governing body, as the best swimmer of the meet.

guys, have you ever thinked about why the world we live is warming up continuously?
except from greenhouse effect, what could have been other causes??

i am thinking that because of the rapid pull out of oils under the ground, the earth is in itself warming up from the inner core outwardly.

so what has using oil to do with affecting this global warming?

well, like our car engine, we do have our coolant to maintain the engine temperature. since oils were mostly found deeply underground, some of which are almost near the molten crust or magma…. if these oils were pumped out
then that layers of oil that serves as coolant will no longer cease to fulfill its role.

and then, the heat from down under radiates outwardly to the atmosphere and thus heating up the land masses and even the bodies of water thereby drastically altering the weather conditions, which is happening now isn’t it?

….hmmm, just a product of wild imagination, but who knows, it might be true somehow ??!!