Today, Protestant Christianity has spread across the globe and can be found in every country in the world

Population
Eastern Mediterranean, much of Asia Minor, Russian and Balkans

History

Catholics believe that the Catholic Church is the original and first Christian Church.

It claims direct historical descent from the church founded by the apostle Peter.

Western Church insists on obedience to the Pope.

Protestants follow the teachings of Jesus as transmitted through the Old and New Testament.

Protestants believe the Catholic Church stemmed from the original Christian Church, but became corrupted over time.

The Eastern Church rejected obedience to the Pope in Rome as the Supreme Head of the Christian Church

1st - 5th century AD
The exact date of the beginning of the Roman Catholic Church is unknown

1517 AD
Protestantism formed from the split with Roman Catholicism during the Reformation in the 16th century. Led by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others, the reformers broke from the Roman Catholic Church due to abusive ecclesiological structures and theological differences.

This marks the beginning of the Protestant movement based on the date of Martin Luther's first act of dissent: the public posting of his 95 Theses, criticizing Roman Catholic practices and teachings.

1054 AD
In 1054 AD, the first major split from the Christian Church happened when the Eastern half of the Church split from the Western half.

Denominations

Anglican/Episcopal (85M)

Pentecostals (50M)

Lutheran (50M)

Baptist (33M)

Jehovah's Witness (15M)

Methodist (14M)

Seventh Day Adventist (12M)

Mormons (12M)

Presbyterians (3M)

Church of Christ (1M)

Evangelical

Modernist/Liberal etc.

Denominations

Church of Greece (Greek)

Church of Cyprus (Coptic)

Russian Orthodox Church (Russian)

Timeline

325 AD - Council of Nicea
The first council of the Christian community in which Church leaders formed a creedal statement of belief

381 AD - First Council of Constantinople
This council amended and ratified the Nicene Creed

451 AD - The Council of Chalcedon
Those who did not adhere to the conclusions of the Council separate

1054 AD - The Great Schism
The Church had long been divided over theological, cultural, linguistic, and ecclesiological disputes. The separation was formalized in 1054, thus creating the first large-scale division within Christendom

16th century
The term "Roman Catholic" is not generally used until the Protestant Reformation, and some historians see the Council of Trent (1545-1563) as a centralizing movement within Catholicism that enhanced the authority of Rome

1517 AD - Protestantism
Luther had no intention of starting a new Christian tradition called "Protestantism," but hoped to reform the Catholic Church.

Protestantism as a movement evolved in the decades following this act as Luther's ideas and theological arguments took root and the Catholic Church resisted and rejected them.

325 AD - Council of Nicea
The first council of the Christian community in which Church leaders formed a creedal statement of belief

380 AD - Edict of Thessalonica
The Emperor Theodosius I mandates "Catholic" Christianity to be the legal religion of the Empire

381 AD - First Council of Constantinople
This council amended and ratified the Nicene Creed

451 AD - The Council of Chalcedon
Those who did not adhere to the conclusions of the Council separate

787 AD - The Second Council of Nicea
Iconoclasm (the rejection and destruction of icons), this council ratified the veneration and use of icons in worship and in private devotion - a uniquely Orthodox practice

1054 AD - The Great Schism
The Church had long been divided over theological, cultural, linguistic, and ecclesiological disputes. The separation was formalized in 1054, thus creating the first large-scale division within Christendom

God

God, the Trinity
YES

Only one God and He has revealed himself as the Trinity.

Believe in the Trinity of God. Three persons in one God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

The mystery of the Most Holy Trinity is the central mystery of the Christian faith and of Christian life.

God, the Trinity
YES

One God and that He has revealed himself as the Trinity.

Believe in the Trinity of God. Three persons in one God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

We teach that the one true God. is the Father, Son and the Holy Ghost, three distinct persons, but of one and the same divine essence, equal in power, equal in eternity, equal in majesty, because each person possesses the one divine essence.

God, the Trinity
YES

The fundamental truth of the Orthodox Church is the faith revealed in the True God: the Holy Trinity of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.

God, the Truth
Mainly found in scripture, as interpreted by the
church. It is also found in church tradition, and the valid findings of scientific research.

God, the Truth
Most believe it is found only in scripture, as
interpreted through the presence of the Holy Spirit within the
saved individual, their congregation and denomination.

Jesus

Jesus, Virgin Birth
YES
Required belief

Jesus, Virgin Birth
YES
Nearly universal belief

Jesus, Virgin Birth
YES
Nearly universal belief

Jesus, Savior

Jesus, Savior

Jesus, Savior

Jesus, Divinity
The Son is consubstantial with the Father, which means that, in the Father and with the Father the Son is one and the same God.

Jesus, Divinity
Jesus is the complete revelation of God to us, and as such, Jesus, although fully human with us, is also fully God, fully divine.

Jesus, Divinity
Jesus was born with two perfect natures, the divine and human, as God-man.

Jesus, death by Crucifixion

Jesus, death by Crucifixion

Jesus, death by Crucifixion

Jesus, Resurrection

Jesus, Resurrection

Jesus, Resurrection

Jesus, return of

Jesus, return of

Jesus, return of

Prophets

Adam, the Original Sin
Sin came into the world, through Adam.
Humanity is "guilty" of the sin of Adam and Eve.

Adam, the Original Sin
Sin came into the world, through Adam.
Modern Protestants do not regard humanity as "evil" in essence.

Adam, the Original Sin
Sin came into the world, through Adam.
Humanity bears the "consequence" of sin, the chief of which is death.

Prophets
Believe in all prophets of the Books from the Holy Bible.

Prophets
Believe in all prophets of the Books from the Holy Bible.

Prophets
Believe in all prophets of the Books from the Holy Bible.

Angels
Angels are unseen creations of God, created from light. Satan is a fallen angel who rejected God.

Angels
Angels are unseen creations of God, created from light. Satan is a fallen angel who rejected God.

Angels
Angels are unseen creations of God, created from light. Satan is a fallen angel who rejected God.

Apostolic succession
Important
Believe that present-day priest ordinations
can all be traced back to the original apostles and thus to Jesus.

Apostolic succession
Rejected
Concept rejected as historically invalid; it
simply didn't happen.
Emphasis on the continuity of teachings of the apostles, rather than the apostolic line of succession.

Apostolic succession
Important
Ensures continuity of the church.
Believe that present-day priest ordinations
can all be traced back to the original apostles and thus to Jesus.

Mary

Mary is considered favored among women, and was chosen by God to be the mother of Jesus through a virgin birth.

Mary is considered holy and may be prayed to as an intercessor to God.

Mary had no original sin, remained free of sin throughout her life, is "Mother of God" and the new Eve.

The Catholic church in undecided on whether Mary actually experienced physical death.

The dogma of the Immaculate Conception states that Mary, was at conception 'preserved immaculate from all stain of original sin'

Mary is considered favored among women, and was chosen by God to be the mother of Jesus through a virgin birth, but is otherwise simply a human with no other special attributes.

The claim that Mary was sinless is rejected. Only Jesus was sinless.

Mary's perpetual virginity and intercession are denied.

Mary should not be regarded as a mediator between man and God, but she should be honored as "God-bearer" and a model for Christians.

Mary is venerated as Theotokos (Greek: 'God-bearer'). Therefore, the son she bore was God in human form.

Orthodox belief is that the guilt of original sin is not transmitted from one generation to the next, thus obviating the need for Mary to be sinless.

Mary is first amongst the saints and 'ever-virgin'.

Mary, status of
Mary's status is below Jesus', but above that of
the saints. Some
regard Mary as co-redemptrix with Jesus; this is not currently taught by the church.

Mary, status of
The Virgin Mary plays a relatively minor role. Only trust in
Jesus as Lord and Savior saves a person.

Mary, status of
Mary is the Mother of God (Theotokos). Orthodox do not "worship" the Virgin Mary. They "venerate" her and show her great honor

Mary, immaculate conception of
Affirmed

The Church requires belief that at the time of Mary's conception circa 20 BCE, she was conceived without sin.

Mary, immaculate conception of
Rejected

Denied.

Mary, immaculate conception of
Rejected

Orthodox do not believe in Original Sin, and so do not believe in the immaculate conception.

Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son.
When the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, He is not separated from the Father, He is not separated from the Son.

Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son.

Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit is seen as present in and as the guide to the Church working through the whole body of the Church, as well as through priests and bishops.

Saints

As evidence for sainthood, it is required at least two verifiable miracles have occured as a result of the intercession of that person.

All Christians who believe in Jesus are saints, called to imitate him. Only Jesus may mediate between God and Man.

A special group of holy people, who are venerated. They may act as intercessors between God and Man and may be invoked in prayers.

Saints, importance of
Saints form a major part of the religion. People
can pray to saints and ask them to intercede with God.

Saints, importance of
Saints do not form a major part of the religion.
One prays to God the Father and/or Jesus, not to saints.

Saints, importance of
The saints and angels are an important part of the Orthodox church

Intercession

To receive intercession or help, at end of each prayer you must say "but only God's will be done".

The only intercessor between God and mankind is Jesus, not Mary, saints or angels.

The veneration of the Virgin Mary is accepted.

Intercession, how
To God alone. Although you may ask Jesus, Mary, or a saint to
intercede on
your behalf.

Intercession, how
Prayer is addressed to God, not to saints.

Intercession, how
Prayer is addressed to God, not to saints.

Scripture

The books of Scripture firmly, faithfully, and without error teach that truth which God, for the sake of our salvation, wished to see confided to the Sacred Scriptures

Inspired by God, written by humans. It has God for its author, salvation for its end, and truth, without any corruption or error of any essential doctrine.

God's inspiration is confined to the original languages and utterances, not the many translations

While the Bible is treasured as a valuable written record of God's revelation, it does not contain wholly that revelation.

Truth
Catholics follow the teachings of Jesus as transmitted in the Old and New Testament, but only as far as the church's interpretations of these

Truth
Protestants share an adherence to the centrality of scripture (both the Hebrew scriptures and the New Testament) as well as a doctrine of salvation through faith in Jesus.

Truth
Orthodox religion holds both Biblical Scripture and church traditions as the source of Christian truth.

Bible

Versions
Douay-Rheims or Knox Version

Versions
King James Version

Versions
Septuagint (LXX) or Greek Old Testament

Bible, content
The Roman Catholic Church includes in the Old Testament several deuterocanoncial books.

The church includes the original 73 books in the
Bible as specified by the Councils of Hippo and Carthage late in the 4th
century.

New Testament is identical to those of all Christians.

Bible, content
Martin Luther considered certain books contained in the Catholic version of the Bible (based on the Septuagint) to be of lesser value as he used the Hebrew Masoretic Text, which also excluded these books from the canon.

Therefore the Protestant Old Testament contains 39 books

Some Anglicans include all 73 books. Other
protestants delete the 7 books of the Apocrypha.

New Testament is identical to those of all Christians.

Bible, content
Septuagint version of the 39 Old Testament books, but also a collection of 7 books not found in the original Hebrew Bible. These are known as Deuterocanonicals ie. a second canon of scripture.

The Orthodox bible was 52 books in the
Bible.

27 New Testament books is identical to those of all Christians.

Bible, status of
Historically teaches that the original writings
by Bible authors are inerrant. Although, this is debated.

Bible, status of
The original writings of the biblical authors'
writings are inerrant. They are the Word of God.

Bible, status of
The original writings of the biblical authors'
writings are inerrant.

Revelation
Sacred Tradition (teachings handed down from Jesus and apostles) are to be considered sources of divine revelation.

Tradition and scripture are interpreted by the 'magisterium' or teaching authority of the church.

Revelation
Scripture alone is the only infallible guide and the final authority on matters of Christian faith and practice.

Legislation
Prerogative of the Church, which follows the Holy Spirit and the Word of God.

Legislation
The Bible alone. Each person must verify all teachings through the Bible.

Legislation
The Catholic and Orthodox are governed by Sacred Scripture, Sacred Tradition, and the Magisterium (church).

Statues

Holy days
Christmas, Lent, Easter, Pentecost, Saints' Feast Days.

Holy days
Christmas and Easter

Holy days
Christmas and Easter

Statues, veneratingPermitted
As means of inspiration only

Statues and images of
Jesus, Mary and of
individual saints are commonly found in Catholic sacred spaces. However,
believers are expected to venerate the persons represented by the statues, not
the statues themselves.

Statues, veneratingRejected
Not used

Many consider the mere presence of statues in sacred
spaces to be a form of idolatry
- a violation of the "graven images" prohibition in the second of the Ten Commandments.

Statues, veneratingRejected
Orthodox reject the use of images (idols)

The use of icons is permitted in Orthodox Christianity.

Church

Church, chapel, cathedral

Church, chapel, cathedral

Self-governing, independent Churches

Church, structure
Hierarchical

Church, structure
Usually democratic, except among some new
religious movements.

Church, structure
Hierarchical

Church, visibility of
The hierarchy of the Church, including the
laity, plus the Church's Spirit, referred to as the "Spotless
Bride of Christ."

Church, visibility of
Invisible fellowship of all saved individuals.
Only God knows who is saved and thus the exact makeup of the Church.

Church, visibility of
The hierarchy of the Church, including the
laity.

Church, worship
All Catholics are expected to participate in the liturgical life of the Church, but personal prayer and devotions are entirely a matter of personal preference.

Church, worship
Regularly study the Bible, pray, and commune with other believers on Sunday (or other day of worship)

Church, worship
Regularly study the Bible, pray, and commune with other believers on Sunday (or other day of worship)

Worship

Worship, days
Sunday. Personal Sacrifice during Lent.

Worship, days
Traditionally Sunday, but other days accepted if treated with same level of focus on worship.

Worship, and Liturgy
Worship is centred around the Mass. Following the Vatican II council (1962-5), greater emphasis was placed on worship in the vernacular, though the traditional Latin ('Tridentine') Mass is also used.

Worship, and Liturgy
Different Protestant denominations have to varying degrees maintained or rejected Roman Catholic forms of worship.

Anglican and Lutheran churches have maintained liturgies and rituals similar to those of the Roman Catholic Church, whereas other denominations, such as Baptists, Presbyterians, Pentecostals, and United Church of Christ, have developed less liturgical forms of worship.

Worship, and Liturgy
The 'Divine Liturgy' is the centre of Orthodox spirituality. Worship is usually in the vernacular, though Greek is also used.

Baptism

Christian Baptism is the mystery of starting anew, of dying to an old way of life and being born again into a new way of life in Jesus..

Baptism, significance of
Sacrament which regenerates and justifies.

Baptism, significance of
Most Protestants practice baptism and communion as key rites of Christian initiation and ongoing devotion.

Testimony of a prior regeneration after trusting
Jesus as Lord and savior.

Baptism, significance of "Remission of sins"; the person being baptized is cleansed of all sins; through the waters the baptized is mysteriously crucified and buried with Jesus, and raised with him to newness of life.

Baptism, timing
Usually done in infancy; may be done later in life
when the person joins the church.

Baptism, timing
Usually done later in
life after person is "born again"

Authority, hierarchy
We hold the Scriptures, the Old and New Testaments as our final authority 'Sola Scriptura'.

We accept no humanly devised confession or creed as binding. The Holy Scripture contains all things necessary to salvation.

Authority, hierarchy
The Scriptures, both the Old and New Testaments, along with Sacred Apostolic Tradition. Seven Ecumenical Councils.

Discipline of members
Pressure from the clergy and laity. In serious
cases, errant members can be denied the sacraments or excommunicated.

Discipline of members
Pressure from the clergy and laity. Various
denomination have formal policies of shunning and
excommunication.

Clergy

Clergy
The Pope, followed by Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops, and Priests, Monks and Deacons.

All clergy are required to be male.

Clergy
Each church independent, headed by Pastors, Elders, and Deacons.

Clergy
Priests and Bishops must be male, but deaconesses are permitted, though the order is dormant.

Clergy, selection of
Appointed; all male; almost all unmarried.

Clergy, selection of
Elected; mostly male; single or married.

Clergy, celibacy
Priests and Bishops must also be celibate.

Eastern Rite Catholics and Anglican married clergy who subsequently convert to Catholicism are allowed to have married priests.

Clergy, celibacy
The majority of Protestants do not require celibacy as a condition of election to the clergy.

Clergy, celibacy
Priests and deacons may marry before ordination but not after. Bishops, on the other hand must be celibate.

Clergy, female
Women are not allowed to be priests. However, they can become nuns.

Clergy, female
Women are not allowed to be part of the clergy, but are permitted to teach or work in other areas.

Many churches practice female ordination, including those within the Anglican communion, where the issue of female episcopacy is currently being discussed.

Clergy, female
Priests and Bishops cannot be female.

Pope

Pope, Authority of
Affirmed
The Pope in Rome is the spiritual leader of all Roman Catholics. He administers church affairs through bishops and priests.

Pope, Authority of
Denied
The Pope is the leader of the Catholic church, having no authority to speak for protestants or the church as a whole

Pope, Authority of
Affirmed

Pope Infallibility
Affirmed The Pope is infallible when, through the Holy Spirit, he defines a doctrine on faith and morals that is to be held by the whole church.

This is a dogma and is therefore a required belief within Catholicism.

Pope Infallibility
Denied
Protestants reject Papal infallibility. The only source of infallible teaching is that found in the Bible.

Pope Infallibility
Denied
Orthodox reject Papal infallibility.

Sin

Original Sin
Humans are free to devote themselves to knowledge and communion in the image of God.

Original Sin inherited from Adam is the inherent tendency towards evil. Infants must be baptized.

Original Sin
Original Sin inherited from Adam, tendency towards evil, but the sins of the father do not pass through the son, therefore Children are holy until they reach the age where they can know good from evil, their sins are not held against them.

Original Sin
Orthodox Church does not believe in original sin .

Sin, confession of
To God through priests.

You cannot go to God or Jesus directly. Confess sins in the Catholic Church or in the Mass.

Sin, confession of
To God through Jesus.

Sin, confession of
To God though priests and Jesus.

Sin, forgiveness of
Achieved through personal repentance to a priest,
and in a public communal ritual.

Sin, forgiveness of
Normally achieved through prayer to God the Father or Jesus directly without
any human intercessor.

However, some Protestants confess to their pastor or priesthood leader

Sin, forgiveness of
In some Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches, confession is done to
one's spiritual advisor. However, only an ordained priest may pronounce the
absolution.

Salvation

Salvation
Catholics believe that salvation to eternal life is God's will for all people.

Jesus can save people and can help in salvation.
You must believe Jesus was the son of God, receive Baptism, confess your sins and have a relationship with Jesus.

Salvation
You must believe Jesus was the son of God and that he has already paid the penalty for your sins to receive this.

Protestants believe that salvation to eternal life is God's will for all people.

Various views are held on grace and freewill. God predestines who will be saved and there is no freewill. Also, it is entirely the freewill of man. Most protestants are somewhere in between.

Salvation
Salvation is "faith working through love" and should be seen as a life long process.

Orthodox Christian aim to obtain union with God ('Theosis') This is done through living a holy life and seeking to draw closer to God.

Salvation, achieving of
Salvation is obtained through good works along with faith in Jesus. This is necessary to ensure a place in heaven after life on earth.

Dispensed by God; dependant on faith and church sacraments.

Salvation, achieving of
Dispensed by God; dependent only on an individual's repentance and trust in Jesus as Lord and Savior.

Salvation, achieving of
The Orthodox Church teaches that the salvation of the human race is achieved by believing in the Son of God, Lord Jesus.

Salvation, loss of
It is lost whenever a responsible person knowingly commits a mortal sin.
It can be regained through repentance and church sacrament.

Salvation, loss of
Usually, once a person is saved, they cannot lose their salvation. Some denominations teach that one can lose salvation.

Salvation among non-Christians
It is possible that those outside the Roman
Catholic Church can be saved in spite of the errors in their religious
beliefs.

Some religion's beliefs and practices make this unlikely.

Salvation among non-Christians
Opinions differ. Most feel that all those who have not been saved are lost and will spend eternity being tortured in Hell.

Grace
Prevenient grace helps one believe; efficacious grace cooperates with the human will to do good

Atonement
By his death and Resurrection, Jesus has "opened" heaven to us.

The offering of sacraments helps to create merit with sinners.

Atonement
Through Jesus' atoning sacrifice, we are rendered acceptable to God and judged righteous (justified) in his sight.

Jesus truly suffered, was crucified, dead, and buried, to reconcile his Father to us and to be a sacrifice, not only for original guilt, but also for actual sins of men. This provides the perfect redemption and atonement for the sins of the whole world.

Through Jesus' death and resurrection God triumphed over sin.

Atonement
Jesus enlightens the minds of the people, purifies their hearts and frees their wills from the bondage of the devil.

Jesus became flesh to make reconciliation for the sins of the people

Eucharist

Definition
The Eucharist /ˈjuːkərɪst/ (Holy Communion, Lord's Supper) is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches. According to the New Testament, It was instituted by Jesus during his Last Supper. Giving His disciples bread and wine during the Passover meal, Jesus commanded his followers to "do this in memory of Me" while referring to the bread as "My Body" and the wine as "My Blood". Through the Eucharistic celebration, Christians remember Jesus' sacrifice of himself on the cross.

Eucharist, the Lord's Supper
A sacrifice. Jesus' body, blood, soul, and divinity are physically present
and are consumed by believers.

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Say, We believe in God and what was sent down to us, and what was sent down to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes, and what was given to Moses, Jesus and all the Prophets by their Lord
Quran 2:136

Jesus said to him, 'I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me
John 14:6

Ye have heard how I said unto you, I go away, and come again unto you. If ye loved me, ye would rejoice, because I said, I go unto the Father: for my Father is greater than I
John 14:28

The Creator of the heavens and the earth. He has made for you mates from yourselves, and for the cattle (also) mates. By this means He creates you (in the wombs)
Quran 42:11

O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians): Come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allah, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allah
Quran 3:64

I can of mine own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment is just; because I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me
John 5:30

Indeed, We have revealed to you, (O Muhammad), as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And we revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the Descendants, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave the book (of Psalms)
Quran 4:163

Blessed be He Who has placed in the heaven big stars, and has placed therein a great lamp (sun), and a moon giving light. And He it is Who has put the night and the day in succession
Quran 25:61

He (Jesus) Himself stood in their midst and said to them, Peace be to you
Luke 24:36

O My servants who have transgressed against themselves, do not despair of the mercy of God. Indeed, God forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful
Quran 39: 53

Indeed, man is in loss, except those who have faith and do righteous deeds, and advise one another to truth and patience
Quran 103:1-3

The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord
Mark 12:29

Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God
John 20:17

Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him.
John 13:16

Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind
Matthew 22:37

By myself I can do nothing; I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just, for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me.
John 5:30

Then answered Jesus and said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, The Son can do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the Father do: for what things soever he doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise.
John 5:19

Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven.
Matthew 7:21

Remember the former things, those of long ago; I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me
Isaiah 49:9

In accordance with Islamic etiquette, all prophet names should be followed with 'Peace Be Upon Him (PBUH)'. This is omitted to keep text content minimal.

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If you spot any mistake, error or omission of information, kindly contact us so we can correct it. Unless otherwise indicated, all images and content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. All Torah, Psalms and Bible Old/New Testament quotes are from The Holy Bible, King James Version (KJV) in the public domain. All Quran quotes are from the Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali/Muhsin Khan English translation.