SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of amber half-stock, primarily, of minor fractions and large-size amber articles and work pieces. Proposed method consists in loading amber stock in elastic shell made from waterproof material to be sealed and placed in hydro barometric chamber. The latter is filled with fluid. Elastic shell filled with amber stock is subjected to hydrostatic compression at high fluid pressure. Note here that temperature inside said chamber is kept not higher than 120°C during the entire period of hydrostatic effects.

The invention relates to a method of processing amber raw materials, mainly fine fractions, and obtaining large amber products and billets.

A method of processing amber (ed. mon. The USSR №1283106, publishing, 1987), including the amber heat treatment in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen at a temperature of 150-170°C with simultaneous longitudinal compression with a force of from 7 to 15 kg over 10-20 min followed by cooling with the conservation efforts of longitudinal compression.

The disadvantage of this method is the anisotropy of the resulting amber, due to the nature of pressure distribution for longitudinal compression of the loaded raw materials, as well as the destruction of the structure of amber (thermal decomposition), and a low degree of purification of amber from the dissolved products of thermal degradation of emitted during heating after reaching the temperature in the working space of 130°C.

A method of processing amber (ed. mon. The USSR №1039726, publishing, 1983), including loading it into the working chamber of the mold, sealing, heating of amber in a nitrogen atmosphere at 130-170°C and a pressure of 15-20·105PA aged 6-12 hours and then cooled.

The disadvantage of this method is the possible destruction of the structure of amber (thermal decomposition), and a low degree of purification of amber from the solution is the R in it products thermal decomposition
released in the process of heating after reaching the temperature in the working space of 130°C, and the air in the volume of loaded mass of amber.

A known method for manufacturing large products from the fine fraction of natural amber (RF patent №2191704, publishing, 2002), providing preliminary selection of pieces of amber with particle size fraction ~10 mm, loading raw material into a heated mold, heating it in the molds without access of air to a temperature of not more than 140°C and pressing at a pressure not more than 100 MPa and then cooled under natural conditions.

The disadvantage of this method is the necessity of a rigorous selection of amber raw materials by color, shape and size, as well as the possible destruction of the structure of amber in the treatment process at a temperature of over 130°C.

A method of processing amber (patent RF №2173258, publishing, 1983), including the download amber raw material in the working chamber, sealing, heating the feedstock to a temperature of buying a plastic properties not lower than 130°C, the shutter speed and cooling. After sealing the loaded camera engage in multilateral compression of raw materials, filtration and removal of the products of thermal degradation of amber. Compression, filtering, and removal is carried out by evacuating the working chamber throughout technology the technological cycle of manufacture.

A method of processing amber (patent RF №2200093, publishing, 2003), including downloading the amber raw material in the working chamber of the mold, sealing, heating the feedstock to a temperature not lower than 130°C in terms of its overall compression and exposure at this temperature. The sealing of the working chamber is performed with the use of elastic membranes and conduct evacuation of the working chamber with the seal of raw materials through the impact of the elastic membrane, and after degassing produce additional sealing amber raw material pressing due to the impact on the elastic membrane with the outer side of the mold with compressed gas, while in the process of degassing carry out the removal of amber and the working chamber of the mold products of thermal degradation of amber, filtering and cooling the resulting product together with the working chamber.

The disadvantage of these methods is that in the process of amber is the destruction of its structure (thermal destruction).

A known method of manufacturing decorative items made of natural amber, including loading raw material into the matrix of a sealed mold, compressing the heated feedstock in a vacuum press-fit fixation of the molding cavity of the matrix while simultaneously dropping the pressure by prekrascheniem degassing and subsequent cooling of the mold (patent RF №2240925,
publication 2004).

The disadvantage of this method is that during the processing of amber is the destruction of its structure. The known method does not allow to obtain a durable and high-quality products made of amber.

The aim of the present invention to provide a large-format (up to 10 kg) monolithic amber products or pieces of amber, mostly small fractions, preserving the physical, chemical, aesthetic and curative properties of natural amber cast, not subjected to thermal degradation, as well as increase the utilization of amber without the use of any synthetic or natural impurities, disposal of industrial wastes amber and using amber cheap raw materials.

As raw material is natural amber in various sizes and shapes, pre-cleaned from oxide film and brown.

The proposed method provides receiving large amber products or workpieces with high density, dielectric constant and translucency of amber, as the pressure of liquid loaded in the elastic shell amber raw material is subjected to a comprehensive compression and compaction, which ensures that in the absence of air isotropy properties of the products obtained around them about is him,
eliminates the appearance of internal bubbles and micro-cracks inside the finished products.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is as follows.

In the process of pressing amber amber raw material is loaded into the elastic membrane made of waterproof material, which is sealed and placed in hydropatichesky the camera, then hydropatichesky chamber filled with fluid and act on the elastic membrane placed in her amber raw materials.

The impact carried out through a comprehensive hydrostatic compression at high pressure liquid during the entire period of time the impact on the elastic membrane placed in her amber raw material temperature inside gidropaticheskih camera support is not higher than 120°C.

Overall influence on the elastic membrane provide a pressure in the range of 300-2000 ATM.

Overall influence of hydrostatic pressure on the elastic membrane is carried out for a time from 1 to 11 hours.

Elastic shell is sealed by completely covering its surface with silicone.

The process of amber is as follows.

Pre-cleaned amber raw material is loaded into the elastic membrane made of waterproof material, such as rubber. Then the uke is annoy shell seal,
for example, by completely covering its surface with a layer of silicone and placed in hydropatichesky the camera, while hydropatichesky camera can be pre-heated to the operating temperature range. After that hydropatichesky chamber filled with liquid, such as water, cover, serves working pressure and influence on the elastic membrane placed in her amber raw materials.

The impact is realized by means of hydrostatic compression at high fluid pressure in the range of 300-2000 psi for a time from 1 to 11 hours. During the entire period of time the impact on the elastic membrane placed in her amber raw material temperature inside gidropaticheskih camera support in a predetermined operating range from 70°C to 120°C.

Heating gidropaticheskih camera and maintain the desired operating temperature within it is performed with the use of electric heaters, and for the exact shutter speed operating temperature used thermocouple.

After a predetermined period of time, the pressure gidropaticheskih camera remove and cool the chamber to the ambient temperature. At the same time to speed up the cooling process can be used for more air or water cooling. However, cooling should not be too intense, because it can lead to fragility ready isdel who I am.

After cooling, open the camera and remove the elastic of her shell with the finished product. After that, the shell is cut and remove the finished product.

The application of the proposed method amber allows to obtain high-quality large-format product or preform from amber with preserved structure and, consequently, with unchanged physical, chemical, medicinal and aesthetic properties of natural monolithic natural amber, not subjected to thermal degradation.

The proposed method can improve the utilization of amber without the use of any synthetic or natural impurities, dispose industrial waste amber and use amber cheap raw materials.

1. The way amber, characterized by the fact that amber raw material is loaded into the elastic membrane made of waterproof material, which is sealed and placed in hydropatichesky the camera, then hydropatichesky chamber filled with fluid and act on the elastic membrane placed in her amber raw material through a comprehensive hydrostatic compression at high pressure liquid during the entire period of time the impact on the elastic membrane placed in her amber raw material temperature inside gidropaticheskih camera support is not higher than 120°C.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic membrane is affected by pressure in the range of 300-2000 ATM.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the overall influence of hydrostatic pressure on the elastic membrane is carried out for a time from 1 to 11 p.m.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic membrane is sealed by completely covering its surface with silicone.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of decorative articles using amber and amber production wastes as filler and may be used for making decorative construction boards. Proposed method comprises preparation of filler, binder and mould, filling said binder in mould, curing it, extracting the article and drying to condition. Note here that article is cured at pressure to complete hardening. Note also that filler is the first to be filled in said mould, then binder is poured therein. Note that in pouring the binder absolute pressure is kept in said mould not exceeding 30 kPa. Note that pouring is carried out from below while, after pouring, absoluter pressure of up to 100-300 kPa is created to complete hardening. Note that pressure feed moment is selected to make binder viscosity be increased by not over 30% at said moment. After extraction, the articled is sliced into thin plates.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to surface decoration, particularly, to set for surface decoration, to painted coat and method of surface decoration. Proposed set comprises PVC-based surface coating to be painted covered by protective varnish based of polyurethane polymer cross-linked by UV radiation, and encased acrylo-urethane paint.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to decorative laminated board and to method of its production. Method comprises the following stages. Preparing the board of fibrous or chip material, coating the board on, at least, one side with liquid glue hardened by pressure and/or heat. Building up of decorative layer not impregnated with resin on glue layer. Applying thermoplastic or liquid cover material o decorative layer. Pressing and heating laminar structure thus made to form surface structure of cover layer.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method and device for refining particle board. Method of refining particle board 2 with decorative finish on one of its sides comprises the following steps. (a) Cleaning particle board top and bottom surfaces. (b) Applying first top layer of pitch containing corundum particles on top surface and first bottom layer of pitch on bottom surface. (c) Drying top and bottom first layers of pitch to residual moisture of 3% to 6%. (d) Applying second top layer of pitch containing cellulose on top surface and second bottom layer of pitch on bottom surface. (e) Drying top and bottom second layers of pitch to residual moisture of 3% to 6%. (f) Applying third top layer of pitch containing glass particles on top surface and third bottom layer of pitch on bottom surface. (g) Drying third said layers to residual moisture content of 3%-6%, and (h) compacting layered structure at pressure and temperature.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to material workpiece and workpiece processing press plate. Material workpiece comprises, at least, one substrate central layer and decorative layer made on, at least, one side of substrate layer. Decorative layer is arranged on both sides of workpiece to allow precise embossing. Note here that structures on workpiece both sides are accurately leveled.

SUBSTANCE: method to manufacture a floor panel (1), including a bearing board (2) and a decorative layer (3) applied onto the upper side of the bearing board (2), consists in the fact that the decorative layer (3) is pressed in a press with heat supply to the bearing board (2), besides, when pressing with the help of a stamping tool in th surface (8) of the decorative layer (3) a surface structure (10) is arranged, which serves to imitate a wood pattern or a different material. When pressing with the help of a stamping tool, microgrooves (9) are arranged in the surface (8) of the decorative layer (3), where a surface structure is imposed, also comprising grooves, which in their dimensions are much larger than microgrooves.

SUBSTANCE: method of producing a protective and decorative coating (verisons). The invention relates to construction and specifically to methods of protective and decorative finishing of surfaces of concrete and brick structures. The method of producing a protective and decorative coating according to the first version involves preparation of the surface and depositing a coating on said surface. The coating is formed from elements. The elements used are coloured glass deposited on the inner side and a hardened composition, with the following ratio of components, pts.wt: polyvinyl acetate dispersion with content of dry substance of 49-51% 5-10; alabaster 7-8, mixture of dioxane alcohols and their high-boiling ethers with open-cup flash-point of 130-140°C 0.5-1.0, di(alkylpolyethylene glycol)ether of phosphoric acid 0.1-0.2, water 4-8. An adhesive composition is deposited on the hardened surface of said composition of each element, with the following ratio of components in pts.wt: cement 3.2-3.35, quartz sand 3.6-3.8, dolomite powder 1.2-1.3, water 1.8-2.1. A second version of the method of producing a protective and decorative coating on the surface of building structures is described.

EFFECT: high adhesion strength, water resistance and resistance to sodium hypochlorite solution.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of panels. Proposed method comprises preparing large-size, rough-compacted wood board to be coated and having, at least, on one its side a shagreen formed in preparation, grinding off section of said shagreen from board top side, applying sizing made from liquid melamine-based resin on board top surface. Note here that said resin partially diffuses into board top surface layer. Then, primer is applied on sixing and dried. Then, at least, one lacquer saturated with water-based dye is applied to make a pattern to be dried. Then, sealing layer from melamine-based resin enriched in wear proof particles and cellulose fibers is applied and dried. Melamine-based liquid resin sizing is applied on board bottom surface. Note here that said resin diffuses, at least partially, in board bottom surface layer. Then layered structure is compacted by pressure at temperature while board is divided into panels or required width and length. Now, joint and locking means are applied on opposite said edges for direct bonding in floor structure.

SUBSTANCE: inside a diamond, in the region free from optically impermeable irregularities, an image is formed, which consists of a given number of optically permeable elements of micrometre or submicrometer size, which are clusters of N-V centres which fluoresce in exciting radiation, wherein formation of clusters of N-V centres is carried out by performing the following operations: treating the diamond with working optical radiation focused in the focal region lying in the region of the assumed region where the cluster of N-V centres is located, while feeding working ultrashort radiation pulses which enable to form a cluster of vacancies in said focal region and which provide integral fluence in said focal region lower than threshold fluence, where there is local conversion of the diamond to graphite or another non-diamond form of carbon; annealing at least said assumed regions where clusters of N-V centres are located, which provide in said regions drift of the formed vacancies and formation of N-V centres, grouped into clusters in the same regions as the clusters of vacancies; controlling the formed image elements based on detection of fluorescence of N-V centres by exposing at least regions where image elements are located to exciting optical radiation, which enables to excite N-V centres and form a digital and/or a three-dimensional model of the formed image. Images formed in diamond crystals from clusters of N-V centres are visible to the naked eye, by a magnifying glass and any optical or electronic microscope.

EFFECT: image from a cluster of N-V centres is inside the crystal, cannot be removed by polishing and is therefore a reliable diamond signature and reliable recording of information without destroying or damaging the crystal itself.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for used in production of jewelry. Proposed method consists in that the angle between opposite faces is made equal to 77°. Note here that faceting features the following parameters: diamond diameter D, total height H=0.76 D, site size d=0.67 D, girdle thickness r=0.08 D, height of top with girdle h1=0.11 D, height of bottom to girdle h2=0.65 D, height of bottom face twist h3=0.42 D, top inclination to girdle plane 10°, bottom inclination to girdle plane: ahead of twist 51.5°, behind twist 55°.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to diamond processing, in particular, by thermochemical process. Proposed method comprises applying layer of spirit glue composition onto diamond surface, said composition containing transition metal, for example, Fe, Ni or Co, and processing diamond thermally at temperature not exceeding 1000°C. To prepare spirit glue composition, powder of water-soluble salt of transition metal is used. Said powder in amount of 1-10 wt % of water solution is mixed with spirit solution of glue at salt water solution-to-glue spirit solution ratio of 1:1. Prepared mix is applied on diamond surface in 10-20 mcm-thick layer to be dried. Thermal processing of diamond is performed in two steps. Note here that, at first step, diamond is processed at 600-700°C for 1-2 min, while, at second step, it is processed at 800-1000°C for 15-30 min.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to crystallographic substrates and method of their finishing. Proposed method comprises defining parameters of monocrystalline body crystallographic orientation and calculating the angle of grain-boundary between selected monocrystalline body crystallographic direction and projection of crystallographic direction along the plane of monocrystalline body first outer main surface. Then, material is removed from at least a part of said first outer main surface to vary aforesaid angle.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing poly- and monocrystalline semiconductor ingots for cutting them into plates to be used in production of solar batteries, semiconductor devices and printed circuit boards. In cutting semiconductor ingot by lines of wire wetted by abrasive suspension, wire cutting is oriented in cutting zone so that wire is fed into cutting zone by its undeformed surface to used reversing mode. This allows reuse of one wire reel for two cutting processes. Note here that wire breakage probability of reduced as well as cutting duration by more than 3 hours.

SUBSTANCE: procedure consists in fixation of ingot on mandrel by means of gluing resin, in feeding ingot in horizontal direction with its side surface through vertical rows of wire up to complete ingot cutting. Vertical rows wetted with abrasive suspension perform cyclic reciprocating motion. With its end section the ingot is fixed on the mandrel. A layer of viscous resin is placed between side surface of the ingot and the mandrel. The mandrel with a glued ingot is arranged vertically with a free end down at angle not less, than 7° to virtual plane wherein there are set rows of wire. The ingot is fed through rows of wire performing cyclic reciprocating motion in horizontal plane.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to finishing of noble stones, diamonds, particularly, to diamond cutting machine tools. Proposed spindle head comprises bed with tail spindles, flat-belt drive, and screwed spindle with sawing disk. Note here that spindle ends are provided with tapered journals to interact with plain bearings fitted on tapered surfaces of top and bottom inserts mounted in spindle head tail spindles. Said inserts represent roller supports, each comprising roller case and support with ledge. Note also that roller case face, facing spindle journal, accommodates taper roller bearing while opposite face has a groove accommodating radial-thrust antifriction bearing fitted therein. Support with ledge is mounted in aforesaid tail spindles to support roller case secured along ID of radial-thrust antifriction bearing race. In compliance with another version, inserts represent combined plain and antifriction roller bearings. Note here that there is spherical circular race made on radial cylindrical surface of groove to make bearing surface, while support ledge outer surface is furnished with spherical circular race of reverse bearing made symmetrically in horizontal axial plane, where between separator with balls is arranged.

SUBSTANCE: accessory comprises base, level, chip holder for fixation of diamond with division device, being a collet or mandrel, unit of chip holder fixation with device for variation of vertical angles of chip holder. At the same time chip holder is equipped with heater and thermocouple, soldered joint of thermocouple is located in close proximity to diamond.

SUBSTANCE: automatic drilling machine comprises housing, two spindle units with drills, mechanism for clamping article, cam for machine feeding mechanism, feeder, and chute for receiving the finished articles. The two spindle units with drills and mechanism for clamping article are made of single kinematic chain. The chain is arranged along the axis of drilling for permitting co-operation with the cam. The spindle units are built in the bushings spring-loaded with respect to the housing. The mechanism for clamping blanks is made of a guide and clamping bushing spring-loaded with respect to the housing. The feeder is made of a pipe with hole for feeding and removing article under its own weight. The feeder is interposed between the guiding and clamping bushings and is secured to the latter one. The first spindle unit is provided with the stop. The second spindle unit has rod which allows the drills to be spaced. The rigidity of the spring which spring-loads the guiding bushing is lower than that of the spring which spring-loads the bushing which receives the second spindle unit and is higher than that of the spring which spring-loads the pressing bushing.