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Hi Sandefur, I moved your comment over to a new post in the General Discussion forum. If you're not currently a Next Step student, our Academic Advisors will be happy to speak with you. The length of these calls varies greatly from student to student, depending on the conversation. Here's where you ...

Hi simsimjoey, Since you are using the BETA version of the Review Book, it is possible that you may find errors that either have or will be corrected in the current print version of the Review Book. We apologize for any errors you may find, and if you think you have found an error, I would encourage...

Hi simsimjoey, Integration by parts is simply the reverse of the product rule for differentiation, which is covered in Chapter 32. Integration by parts is a low-yield topic that is unlikely to be tested on the PCAT. You can find all the topics that are tested on the PCAT here: http://pcatweb.info/do...

Hi simsimjoey, great question! This topic is covered in Chapter 9 of the PCAT Review Book, and there is also information about vaccines you can use to reinforce this concept in the Types of Immunity content review video. I think this is an area where one of our awesome PCAT tutors would be really he...

Your questions show that you're definitely thinking about this at a deep level! Cell signaling is one of the most confusing topics in molecular biology as it's so broad (SO many aspects of cellular biology can contribute to cell signaling) with a lot of moving parts (what's a GPCR? what does cAMP do...

Hi simsimjoey, The relationship between pKa and pH is described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log [base]/[acid]. Specifically, the pKa describes the pH at the half-equivalence point. To determine the charge of histidine or most amino acids at a given pH with complete certainty, y...

What is meant by that is that DNA primase can lay down an RNA primer without requiring attachment to any other pre-formed sequences. Whereas DNA polymerase requires a primer to add nucleotides, DNA primase does not require a primer before it adds nucleotides (that then form a primer for DNA synthesi...

Hi simsimjoey, great question! There are some differences--but also some commonalities--between transcription and translation, and it can get pretty confusing! It turns out that both are indeed correct, and neither is mutually exclusive. 1 - First, we need DNA helicase to unwind the double helix bec...

Applying to pharmacy school can be a daunting task, but you're not alone! Your pharmacy school application involves more than your PCAT, so here is the place to talk about crafting personal statements, planning the timeline for you PCAT application, and prepping for interviews - and if you have any ...

The PCAT is challenging, so it's natural to have questions about our exams. Feel free to post any questions you have about any Next Step exams or other course materials here, and please include the exam section and passage or question number when referring to a specific question.