Results Among the total of 900 subjects analyzed, 145(16.1%) patients were negative for all 5 anti‐islet antibodies, and a tendency for a significant increase in autoantibody negativity was seen from very young children to adolescents and young adults: 10.2% (38/372) among children under age of 10 years, 14.2% (46/325) between 10 and 14 years, and 30.1% (61/203) above 14 years (p<0.001). IA‐2 autoantibodies had the highest prevalence among the children with type 1A diabetes while prevalence of GAD65 autoantibodies increased with age and were dominant in adults with diabetes. In contrast, the prevalence of mIAA was inversely correlated with age. At diagnosis, the antibody negative patients had a higher body mass index (BMI) than the antibody positive subjects (23.9 vs. 19.2; p< 0.001). Among antibody positive patients, 27.2% (116/426) had heterozygous allelic combination DR3‐DQ2/DR4‐DQ8, versus only 9.9% (12/121) among antibody negative subjects (p<0.01). Also, the antibody negative subjects had a much higher frequency of the DQ6.2 molecule than the antibody positive subjects (12.5% vs. 1.6%; p<0.01).

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