- Whether the original ever existed
- Whether a writing, recording, or photograph produced at trial is original
- Whether the evidence offered correctly reflects the contents of the original

Dead Man's Acts

A party or person intereted in the event is incompetent to testify to a personal transaction or communication with a deceased, when such testimony is offered against the representative or successors in interest of the deceased.

Refreshed Recollection

Witness may use any writing or thing to refresh recollection.

But can't read from the writing when she testifies, and not coming into evidence

Recorded Recollection

Writing itself is read into evidence if proper foundation is laid:
1) Witness had personal knowledge of the facts in writing
2) The writing was made by the witness, or adopted by witness
3) Writing was timely made when matter was fresh in witness' mind
4) Writing is accurate
5) Witness has insufficient recollection to testify fully and accurately.

Judicial Notice

Courts take judicial notice of INDISPUTABLE FACTS that are either common knowledge or capable of verification.

Authentication - def

A writing or any secondary evidence of its content will not be received in evidence unless the writing is authenticated by proof that shows that the writing is what the proponent claims it is.

Authentication - oral statements

1. Voice - may be identified by the opinion of anyone who has thear the voice at ANY TIME

2. Telephone:
a. He recognized the other party's voice
b. The pseak had knowlege of certain facts that only a particular person would have
c. He called a particular person's number and voice answer as that person

BER - def (original document rule)

2 situations:
1. The writing is legally operative or dispositive instrument
2. The knowledge of a witness concerning a fact results from having read the document.

Expert testimony - requirements:

1. The subject matter is one of scientific, technical, or specialized knowledge
2. The witness is qualified as an expert
3. The expert posseses reasonable probability regarding his opinion
4. Proper factual basis:
- Personal Observation
- FActs made known at trial
- Facts not known personally but of a type reasonably relied upon by experts