201712http://journal.waocp.org/article_44848_f2bbef10c13cde9dace8da12e21d2fbc.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.1Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Review of its Epidemiology and Pathogenesis through Clinical Presentation and TreatmentFarinaHanifDow University of Health SciencesauthorKanzaMuzaffarDepartment of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan Khan University Medical College, P.O Box 3500, Stadium Road Karachi, Pakistan.authorkahkashanPerveenDepartment of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Karachi, Pakistan.authorSaimaMalhiDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.authorShabanaSimjeePharmacology Unit, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistanauthortextarticle2017eng Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant types of central nervous system tumors. Despite advances in treatment modalities it remains largely incurable. The objective of our review is to provide a holistic picture of GBM epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical findings and treatment. A literature search was conducted for GBM at PubMed and Google Scholar, with relevant key words like glioblastoma multiforme, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, treatment etc., and papers published until 2015 were reviewed. It was found that radiation and certain genetic syndromes are the only risk factors identified to date for GBM. Depending on the tumor site patients may present to the clinic with varying symptoms. To confirm the presence and the extent of tumor, various invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques require employment. The literature survey revealed the pathogenesis to involve aberrations of multiple signaling pathways through multiple genetic mutations and altered gene expression. Although several treatment options are available, including surgery, along with adjuvant chemo- and radio-therapy, the disease has a poor prognosis and patients generally succumb within 14 months of diagnosis. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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201739http://journal.waocp.org/article_42593_ac801aaa3721f49b0f79bc0c790bfac0.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.3Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer: an Integrative Review (Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer)AlineBrilhanteUniversidade de FortalezaauthorKathianeAugustoFederal University of Cear&aacute; (UFC)authorManuelaPortelaFederal University of Cear&aacute; (UFC)authorLuiz CarlosSucupiraUniversity of Fortaleza (UNIFOR).authorLuiz AdrianoOliveiraUniversity of Fortaleza (UNIFOR)authorAna JuarianaPouchaimUniversity of Fortaleza (UNIFOR).authorLívia RochaMesquita NóbregaUniversity of Fortaleza (UNIFOR).authorThaís Fontesde MagalhãesFederal University of Cear&aacute; (UFC)authorLeonardo RobsonSobreiraFederal University of Cear&aacute; (UFC).authortextarticle2017eng Despite being initially considered a benign disease, it is widely thought nowadays that endometriosis and especially ovarian endometriomas are neoplastic conditions with the potential to become malignant. This review was conducted to summarize, in a concise and systematic manner, the available scientific data relating endometriosis to ovarian cancer, published in the past five years. After reading abstracts and applying our predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final list of 11 scientific papers was obtained and subjected to review. Endometriosis is associated with an increased risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), mainly of endometrioid and clear cell subtypes. This might be by virtue of the high estrogen concentration with the disease, which leads to malignant proliferation of endometriotic cysts, or be due to mutations in the ARID1A gene and consequent loss of BAF250a expression. The iron produced in the fluid of endometriotic cysts promotes oxidative stress, which in turn may cause genetic mutations and malignant progression of ovarian cysts. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20171116http://journal.waocp.org/article_42594_2469e3684f31b95dfd7c273973fa779e.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.11Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Diagnostic Criteria, and AMHMajidBani MohammadDepartment of Medicine Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, IranauthorAbbasMajdi SeghinsaraAnatomical Sciences Department- Medicine Faculty- Tabriz university of medical sciences- Tabriz- Iranauthortextarticle2017eng The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility and a notable proportion of women of reproductive age are affected. It may constitute a risk factor for cancer development. Different factors could result in different manifestations and many of these are related to predispositions. It is essential to establish criteria to achieve an exact diagnosis of PCOS, especially among adolescent patients because of the overlap between features of PCO syndrome and physiological findings in puberty. Day by day the technology of ultrasonography is improving and accuracy is increasing, but remains dependent on the specific equipment available. Some factors are inter-related in determining PCOS prognosis. Serum AMH is synthesized by small antral follicles, which are precisely those seen on ultrasound and could help us to diagnose PCOS but there are many aspects that still require elucidation. In this mini- review we have attempted to identify some of these correlations. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20171721http://journal.waocp.org/article_43176_93339d7f916af92bbee88e2d45d5ceb9.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.17Cholesterol Homeostasis in Isolated Lymphocytes: a Differential Correlation Between Male Control and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia SubjectsShrimanjunathSankanagoudarKLE University, J N Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, IndiaauthorGovindSinghGovernment Medical College, Haldwani Distt- Nainital, Uttarakhand. IndiaauthorManaranjanMahapatraDepartment of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi &ndash; 110029. IndiaauthorLalitKumarProfessor and Head, Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi &ndash; 110029. IndiaauthorNimaiChandraDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Phulwarisharif, Patna &ndash; 801505 . India.authortextarticle2017eng Background: This study was performed to investigate any association between cellular cholesterol homeostasis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL is characterized primarily by an abnormal accumulation of neoplastic B cells in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. Methods: Men aged >50 years participated in this study. Enzyme-based plasma lipid profile estimations, peripheral blood lymphocyte isolation, lysate preparations, SDS-PAGE, western blotting, dil-LDL uptake and ultracentrifugation were employed. Results: Our study demonstrated hypocholesterolemia in lymphocytic leukemia in addition to hyper-expression of LDLRs in leukemic lymphocytes. Breakdown of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis and failure to maintain the feedback mechanism normally processed by the transcription factor SREBP-2 in the cytoplasm was apparent. The presence of cholesterol in the nucleus was noted in leukemic lymphocytes. A comparison of cholesterol homeostasis between healthy controls and CLL subjects showed that cholesterol may contribute to lymphocytic leukemia. While plasma cholesterol levels decreased (p < 0.0005), hyper-expression of LDLR (p=0.0001), SREBP-2 (transcription factor of LDLR) (p=0.0001) and PBR (nuclear cholesterol channel protein) (p=0.016) was observed in lymphocytes isolated from CLL subjects in association with a significant increase in intracellular cholesterol in the nuclear (p=0.036) and cytoplasmic (p=0.004) compartments. Conclusion: This study provided insights into cholesterol homeostasis in CLL subjects regarding LDLR, SREBP-2 and PBR. Cholesterol may enter the nucleus through highly expressed PBR and may be involved in development of leukemia by influencing cell cycle mechanisms in the lymphocytes of CLL subjects. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20172330http://journal.waocp.org/article_43295_6334afd6478d5a6e6cfbf474522b2ce7.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.23Effects of Six Weeks Endurance Training and Aloe Vera Supplementation on COX-2 and VEGF Levels in Mice with Breast CancerSaeedShiraliDepartment of Laboratory Sciences, Hyperlipidemia research center, faculty of paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, AhvazauthorAlirezaBarariDepartment of Physical education, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, AmolauthorSeyed AhmadHosseiniNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur, University of Medical SciencesauthorElahehKhodadiStudent research committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvazauthortextarticle2017eng The aim of this study was to determine effects of six weeks endurance training and Aloe Vera supplementation on COX-2 and VEGF levels in mice with breast cancer. For this purpose, 35 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control (healthy) and 4 cancer groups: control (cancer only), training, Aloe Vera and Aloe Vera + training. Breast cancer tumors were generated in mice by implantind. The training program comprised six weeks of swimming training accomplished in three sessions per week. Training time started with 10 minutes on the first day and increased to 60 minutes in the second week and the water flow rate was increased from 7 to 15 liters per minute at a constant rate. Aloe Vera extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW was administrated to rats by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of the study period, rats were anesthetized and blood samples were taken. Significant differences were concluded at pCOX-2 and VEGF levels in the cancer group compared with the healthy group. Administration of Aloe Vera extract caused significant decrease in the COX-2 level in the cancer group. Also, in the training (swimming exercise) and Aloe Vera + training cancer groups, we observed significant decrease in the VEGF level as compared to controls. Our results suggest that Aloe Vera and training inhibit the COX pathway and cause decrease production of prostaglandin E2. Hence administration of Aloe Vera in combination with endurance training might synergistically improve the host milieu in mice bearing breast cancers. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20173136http://journal.waocp.org/article_43101_2ad521304ebf9bf369523731576cfb63.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.31Delineation of Margins for the Planning Target Volume (PTV) for Image-Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) of Gastric Cancer Based on Intrafraction MotionPaulinaLeszczyńskaDepartment of Radiotherapy Planning, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, PolandauthorWojciechLeszczyńskiDepartment of Radiotherapy Planning, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, PolandauthorJerzyWydmańskiDepartment of Radiotherapy Planning, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, PolandauthorDębiecKingaRadiotherapy and Chemotherapy I Clinic, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, PolandauthorAgnieszkaNamysł-KaletkaDepartment of Radiotherapy Planning, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, PolandauthorAndrzejTukiendorfDepartment of Epidemiology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, PolandauthorLeszekHawrylewiczDepartment of Radiotherapy Planning, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Polandauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Application of the image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) system for gastric cancer involving daily verification of patient positioning on the treatment machine allows minimisation of geometrical errors as a consequence of intra- and inter-fraction motion. The purpose of this study was to define the intrafraction motion in gastric cancer patients during a treatment session based on the IGRT system and designation of margins around the clinical target volume CTV (internal target volume ITV) necessary to delineate the planning target volume (PTV). Methods: Twenty gastric cancer patients were analysed. The total radiation dose for each was 45Gy in 25 fractions within 5 weeks. The margins for the PTV were calculated according to van Herk (2004), Stroom and Heijmen (2002) and the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 62 formulas based on craniocaudal (Y axis), laterolateral (X axis) and anteroposterior (Z axis) shifts. Results: Delineated margins for the PTV in gastric cancer with the three formulas applied were respectively 0.2, 0.2, and 0.2cm in the lateral plane, 0.3, 0.3, and 0.3cm in the craniocaudal plane and 0.3, 0.3, and 0.2cm in the anteroposterior plane. Conclusions: Recommended margins for the PTV in gastric cancer calculated in this study based on intrafraction motion are 0.3cm, 0.2cm and 0.3cm in the craniocaudal, lateral and anterioposterior directions, respectively. Use of the IGRT system corrects for the motions between factions and allows reduction in ITV-PTV margins. The main advantage of the smaller margins in comparison to the non-IGRT radiotherapy is a reduction in the probability of radiation complications. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20173741http://journal.waocp.org/article_43239_ae78ac5f2bf13512d52238004915c44a.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.37Role of Plasticity Region Genes and cagE gene of cagPAI of Helicobacter pylori in Development of Gastrointestinal (GI) DiseasesShokufeGholizade-TobnaghDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of MohagheghArdabili, ArdabilauthorSeyedeh ZahraBakhtiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of MohagheghArdabili, ArdabilauthorsaeidLatifi-navidDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of MohagheghArdabili, ArdabilauthorsaberzahriDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of MohagheghArdabili, Ardabilauthorfatemeh SadatBakhtiDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iranauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, micro aerophilic bacterium in the human stomach that is associated with the development of gastrointestinal ailments such as peptic ulcer (PU) and gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, plasticity region genes (jhp0940, jhp0945 and jhp0947) and and cagE gene of cagPAI were assessed independently and in combination for their ability to predict clinical consequences. Materials and Methods: A total of 211 strains which were isolated from patients with different gastrointestinal diseases (114 with non-atrophic gastritis, 59 with PU, and 38 with GC) were genotyped by PCR and sequencing. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Logistic regression models were applied to determine relationships between the plasticity region genes and cagE of H.pylori and clinical status. Results: The cagE gene (71.1%) had the highest frequency and jhp0945 (13.7%) was the least abundant among the genes examined. The jhp0940 gene was significantly associated with GC (P = 0.0007), but not PU. On multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for both age and sex, the jhp0940 genotype was significantly associated with GC (odds ratio, OR = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.1–7.0; P = 0.027). The jhp0940+/ jhp0945+/ jhp0947+genotype was also linked to an increased risk of GC (OR = 50.4, 95%CI = 5.1–500.0; P = 0.0008) while no genotype correlation was found with PU in Iran (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Given the high frequency of cagE, this gene could be a suitable marker for the presence of cagPAI in Iranian strains. The jhp0940 genotype could also be a strong predictor of GC in Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20174349http://journal.waocp.org/article_42913_724dc5c77f6d2451b6a3a57613251be9.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.43MRI Image Processing Based on Fractal AnalysisMariyaMarusinaITMO UniversityauthorAlexandraMochalinaITMO UniversityauthorEkaterinaFrolovaITMO UniversityauthorValentinSatikovITMO UniversityauthorAntonBarchukN.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationauthorVladimirKuznetsovCardio-patrol LLCauthorVadimGaidukovITMO UniversityauthorSergeyTarakanovITMO Universityauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of human mortality, with about 14 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths reported in in 2012. Early diagnosis of cancer through screening allows interventions to reduce mortality. Fractal analysis of medical images may be useful for this purpose. Materials and Methods: In this study, we examined magnetic resonance (MR) images of healthy livers and livers containing metastases from colorectal cancer. The fractal dimension and the Hurst exponent were chosen as diagnostic features for tomographic imaging using Image J software package for image processings FracLac for applied for fractal analysis with a 120x150 pixel area. Calculations of the fractal dimensions of pathological and healthy tissue samples were performed using the box-counting method . Results: In pathological cases (foci formation), the Hurst exponent was less than 0.5 (the region of unstable statistical characteristics). For healthy tissue, the Hurst index is greater than 0.5 (the zone of stable characteristics). Conclusions: The study indicated the possibility of employing fractal rapid analysis for the detection of focal lesions of the liver. The Hurst exponent can be used as an important diagnostic characteristic for analysis of medical images. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20175155http://journal.waocp.org/article_42697_c492c8f545d1f813777d734490175488.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.51PIK3CA mutations in HER2-positive Breast Cancer Patients; Frequency and Clinicopathological Perspective in Egyptian PatientsFatmaElwyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptauthorRehamHelwaAin Shams UniversityauthorAsmaaEl LeithyNational Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptauthorZeinabShehab El-dinDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptauthorMagdaAssemNational Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptauthorNagwaHassanZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egyptauthortextarticle2017eng Missense mutations in PIK3CA are common in breast cancers. They mostly involve exons 9 and 20 which encode kinase and helical domains of the protein and may result in its activation. PIK3CA activating mutations were previously shown to predict lower pathologic complete response (pCR) in HER2-positive breast cancer cases undergoing neoadjuvant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeting therapy. Hence, the present work was conducted to estimate the mutation frequency in PIK3CA in 51 HER2-positive patients by direct sequencing. Our results showed 8 out of 51 (15.7%) to harbor PIK3CA mutations in either exon 9 or 20, or both. Three patients had mutations in both exons 9 and 20. Seven (13.7%) possess missense mutations in exon 20 which changed the amino acid sequence of the protein (H1047R, M1040I, and G1049G). Only four cases harbored mutations in exon 9, changing the codon sequences (E545K E545A, and R524K). Taking the clinicopathological data to account, the mutation frequency was greater in ductal than lobular carcinomas, in grade II rather than III and in lymph node positive lesions, with a higher HER2 score and which are ER/PR negative. However, none of the correlations proved statistically significant. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the PIK3CA mutation frequency in this study is the first report regarding HER2-positive breast cancer patients in Egypt. Hereby, we highlight a moderate frequency which could be useful in the future as a predictive marker for anti-HER2 therapy. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20175764http://journal.waocp.org/article_43156_ba488390ca088dd905a94afd0905f03b.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.57Enhancing Effects of Curcumin on Cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel, Methotrexate and Vincristine in Gastric Cancer CellsmeysamebrahimifarDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad
University, Shahreza Branch, ShahrezaauthorMajidHasanzadegan roudsariDepartment of chemical Engineering, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.authorS MaryamKazemiDepartment of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, IranauthorHasanEbrahimi ShahmabadiDepartment of Microbiology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.authorLeilaKanaaniDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad
University, Shahreza Branch, ShahrezaauthorS.A.AlaviHakiman-e-Shargh Investigative Corporation, Isfahan Science and Technology Town, Isfahan, IranauthorMehdiIzadi VasfiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iranauthortextarticle2017eng Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane), a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, has been found to increase chemotherapeutic agents-induced cytotoxicity in some resistant cancer cell lines. This investigation aimed to study the effects of curcumin on efficacy of some common anticancer agents in gastric cancer cells. AGS cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium under standard culture conditions (5% CO2 and 95% humidified air at 37°C). Curcumin was used at concentrations of 5, 15, 30 and 50 μM. Cells were treated with a combination of curcumin and paclitaxel (300 nm) or methotrexate (100 μm) or vincristine (5 nm). Cell viability, the percentage of live cells in the whole population, was evaluated by MTT assay after 48 hours. The results showed that cell viability was significantly decreased after incubation of AGS cells with curcumin. Combination with curcumin (15-50 μm) significantly increased cytotoxicity of all three agents (P<0.001). Regarding high anticancer potential and enhancement of chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity, the combined use of curcumin with standard chemotherapy of gastric cancer is suggested as a strategy for better management of this fatal cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20176568http://journal.waocp.org/article_43090_6d1566ef8145ed2d812776822ff02094.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.65Do Breast Cancer Risk Factors Affect the Survival of Breast Cancer Patients in Southern Sri Lanka?HarshiniPeirisMedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri LankaauthorLakminiMudduwaDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri LankaauthorNeilThalagalaNational Child Health Programme, Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, No 231,De Sarem Place, Colombo 10,Sri Lanka.authorKamaniJayatilakaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle,Sri Lanka.authortextarticle2017eng Background: Breast cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity among women in Sri Lanka. Possible effects of etiological risk factors on breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) of the disease is not clear.This study was designed to explore the impact of breast cancer risk factors on the BCSS of patients in Southern Sri Lanka. Method: This retro-prospective study included all breast cancer patients who had sought immunohistochemistry services at our unit from May 2006 to December 2012. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on risk factors. BCSS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier model. Univariate Cox-regression analysis was performed with 95% confidence intervals using the SPSS statistical package. Results: A total of 944 breast cancer patients were included. Five year BCSS was 78.8%. There was a statistically significant difference between the patients who had a family history of breast cancer and no family history of any cancer in terms of the presence/absence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.011) and pathological stage (p=0.042). The majority of the premenopausal patients had associated DCIS (p<0.001) and large tumours (p=0.015) with positive lymph nodes (p=0.016). There was no statistically significant association between hormone receptor subtypes and hormone related risk factors. Univariate analysis revealed that breast cancer risk factors had no significant effect on the BCSS. Conclusion: Even though family history of breast cancer and premenopausal status are associated with poor prognostic features, they, in line with the other breast cancer risk factors, appear to have no significant effect on the BCSS of patients in Southern Sri Lanka. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20176979http://journal.waocp.org/article_43096_1aacf9d9833cd45578c347f0554bcb51.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.69Assessment of Physical Therapy Strategies for Recovery of Urinary Continence after ProstatectomyNívea Adrianode Santana e SantosUniversity of Fortaleza - UNIFORauthorMaria VieiraSaintrainUniversity of Fortaleza - UNIFORauthorRommelRegadasFederal University of Cear&aacute; - UFCauthorRômulo Augustoda SilveiraFederal University of Cear&aacute; - UFCauthorFrancisco Julimarde MenezesUniversity of Fortaleza - UNIFORauthortextarticle2017eng Introduction: Urinary incontinence is a complication of radical prostatectomy. Pelvic floor exercises can facilitate recovery of continence after surgery; however, there is not sufficient evidence that physical therapy with biofeedback training is effective, particularly with respect to providing a faster recovery. Objective: To analyze the application of physical therapy techniques in the recovery of urinary incontinence after prostatectomy. Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted from April to October 2015 with patients undergoing radical prostatectomy up to three months after surgery at the Santa Casa de Misericordia in Northeastern Brazil. The physical therapy intervention consisted of up to eight individual sessions. Patients were randomized into the intervention group, which performed exercises and received biofeedback training, and the control group, which performed exercises alone. Participants were assessed before, during and after treatment. The initial assessment included a structured instrument addressing sociodemographic and urological data. Frequencies were calculated for all variables and comparisons were checked by the Mann-Whitney test and for correlation significance. Results: The study included 13 patients aged 54-74 years, the majority undergoing retropubic surgery with mild urinary incontinence [11 (84.6%)]. There was a significant difference in the outcome of the pad test before (p=0.070) and after (p=0.015) treatment between the groups, but the reduction of urinary loss and the time to recovery of continence were equivalent for both groups. Conclusion: Both interventions provided improvement in the degree of incontinence within two months of treatment. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20178186http://journal.waocp.org/article_41344_f7ad180ad5ed98b8ff07728f4c2cd56b.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.81General Characteristics and Cytotoxic Effects of Nano-Poly (Butyl Cyanoacrylate) Containing Carboplatin on Ovarian Cancer CellsLeilaKanaaniDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, IranauthorMeysamEbrahimi-FarDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, IranauthorS MaryamKazemiDepartment of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, IranauthorEdrisChoupaniDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranauthorMaralMazloumi TabriziDepartment of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iranauthorhasanebrahimi shahmabadiDepartment of microbiology, parasitology and immunology, faculty of medicine, rafsanjan university of medical sciences, rafsanjan, IranauthorAzimAkbarzadeh KhiyaviDepartment of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iranauthortextarticle2017eng The initial response to treatment and subsequent development of resistance to carboplatin are very important challenges. Use of nano drug delivery is a new method to replace standard chemotherapy. In this research, both non-PEGylated and PEGylated nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by mini-emulsion polymerization of poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) NPs. Characteristics such as size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, drug release, and stability were examined. In addition, infrared spectroscopy was used for description of the produced NPs. Then, cytotoxicity effects of both formulations were studied on the A2780CIS ovarian cancer cell line with incubation for 24, 48, and 72h. Examination of characteristics of loaded carboplatin on the PBCA NPs under suitable laboratory conditions showed a positive effect of PEG on their properties. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated greater toxicity with both formulations of nano-drugs than the free drug. The results indicated that PBCA NPs can be considered as suitable candidates for nano-drugs in chemotherapy. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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20178791http://journal.waocp.org/article_43102_91fbcb1b03cd6d697145e9b0025775cf.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.87Association of Polymorphisms in the VDR, CYP17 and SRD5A2 Genes and Prostate Cancer Among Lebanese MenAsmahanEl EzziLebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; and Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA.authorMonikaBakerDepartment of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USAauthorWissamZaidanLebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Beirut, LebanonauthorKalimHraikiDepartment of Urology, Al-Salam Hospital, Tripoli, LebanonauthorMohammadEl-SaidiOffice of Academic Research Support, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah, USAauthorRuhulKuddus800W Univ Pkwayauthortextarticle2017eng Aims: The goal of the study was to investigate possible associations of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR gene (the FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqαI loci), and the CYP17 gene (the MspA1I locus), and variable numbers of TA repeats in the SRD5A2 gene, with prostate cancer (PCa) among Lebanese men. Materials and Methods: Blood DNA samples of 50 subjects with confirmed PCa and 79 age-qualified controls were subjected to PCR or PCR-RFLP analyses, and risk-bearing and protective alleles were identified. The odds ratio (OR) of having a genotype and the relative risk (RR) of developing PCa were calculated. In addition, the distribution of homozygosis in the risk-bearing and protective alleles were compared between the control and the PCa groups. Results: The A and B alleles of the VDR ApaI and BsmI loci and the 0 TA repeat allele of the SRD5A2 gene were found to be associated with increased risk of PCa (p = 0.022, 0.029 and 0.013, respectively). A higher fraction of the subjects with PCa compared to the controls was homozygous for two or more of the risk-bearing alleles (46% for PCa, 27% for controls, p = 0.023). In contrast, a higher fraction of the controls compared to the PCa group was homozygous in two or more of the protective alleles (71% for controls, 38% for PCa group, p = 0.001). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genetic study demonstrating any association of polymorphisms of the VDR and SDR5A2 genes with increased risk of PCa among Lebanese men. Our study also indicated that the overall polymorphism profile of all genes involved in prostrate physiology is likely to be a better indicator for PCa risk than polymorphisms in individual genes. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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201793100http://journal.waocp.org/article_43109_6df77ef7f718a79f859c8ecc580bd51c.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.93Relationship between Depression and Self-care in Iranian Patients with Canceramir hosseingoudarzianStudent Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranauthorMasoumehBagheri NesamiDepartment of Medical- Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran Pediateric Infectious Disease Research Center (MPIDRC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranauthorFatemehZamaniStudent Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranauthorAmenehNasiriBsc Student of Laboratory sciences, Student Research Committee, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranauthorSimaBeikStudent Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iranauthortextarticle2017eng Background: The current cross-sectional study was carried out to determine relationships between self-care and depression in patients with cancer. Materials and Methods: From October to December, 2015, 380 patients with cancer admitted to the associated university’s medical sciences hospitals (Sari, Iran), were entered into the study using non random sampling (accessible sampling). Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and a Self-care Questionnaire. Results: Males (48.4±13±39; CI95: 46.4-50.4) were older than females (45.3±18.4; CI95:42.8-47.9). Spearman correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between self-care and depression (r= -0.134, P<0.05) and also a significant inverse relationship between physical (r= -0.166, P=0.001), psychological (r= -0.207, P<0.001) and emotional self-care (r= -0.179, P<0.001) with depression. Conclusions: It appears that self-care measures such as training of physical exercises, promotion of physical self-care, holding counseling sessions and psychotherapy can reduce depression levels. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017101106http://journal.waocp.org/article_43240_ee3c1c10ebacfe6f4f581841b0a5f939.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.101Prevalence of EGFR and ALK Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinomas in the Levant Area - a Prospective AnalysisArafatTfayliAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterauthorHindRafeiGeorge Washington University HospitalauthorAlainMinaKansas University Medical CenterauthorMayaKhalilUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineauthorNajlaFakhreddinHammoud Hospital University Medical CenterauthorRamiMahfouzAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterauthorShadiHamouriKing Abdullah University HospitalauthorFadiFarhatHammoud Hospital University Medical CenterauthorZiadSalemAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterauthorHaifaDboukJabal Amel HospitalauthorHaiderRabeeUniversity of Kufa College of MedicineauthorNagiSaghirAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterauthorAliShamseddineAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterauthorJawadMakaremAin Wazein HospitalauthorNizarBitarSahel HospitalauthorAnasMougharbilMakassed General HospitalauthorHazemAssiAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterauthorSallyTemrazAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterauthorDeborahMukherjiAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterauthorIsmailMatalkaJordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of MedicineauthorGhaziZaatariAmerican University of Beirut Medical Centerauthortextarticle2017eng Background: A significant percentage of lung adenocarcinomas have a driver mutation. To date, there has been no assessment of the prevalence of such mutations in a Middle Eastern population. The present multicenter prospective study of formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues from patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma was performed to assess the prevalence of EGFR and ALK mutations in the Levant. Methods: Patients of Middle Eastern origin with lung adenocarcinomas at 10 sites in Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq were prospectively enrolled. Tumors were tested for EGFR by PCR and for EML4-ALK translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: A total of 210 patients were enrolled, 139 (66.2%) males and 71 females (33.8%), with a mean age of 63.4 years. EGFR testing of 205 (97.6%) demonstrated the wild type in 173 (84.4%) and mutated forms in 32 (15.6%). Some 46.9% of EGFR positive patients were non-smokers and 62.5% were females as opposed to 22.4% and 33.8%, respectively, in the general population. As for the EML4-ALK translocation, testing in 157 (74.8%) cases gave negative results in 154 (98.1%) , only 3 being positive (1.9%), 2 being females and 2 non-smokers.Conclusion: Our study established a 15.6% EGFR mutation rate in lung adenocarcinomas with ALK translocation mutations in only 1.9%, as compared to a 15-20% and 5%, respectively, in the Western literature. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017107114http://journal.waocp.org/article_42592_a519b5f2ab056877b47701dcf73457fb.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.107Awareness of Breast Cancer among Surgical Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in MalaysiaRanitaKirubakaranDepartment of Pharmacy, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Sungai Petani, MalaysiaauthorTeohchee jiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Sungai Petani, MalaysiaauthorNaimahMahamad ArisDepartment of Pharmacy, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Sungai Petani, Malaysiaauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women worldwide. About one in nineteen women in Malaysia are at risk, compared to one in eight in Europe and the United States. The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess patients’ knowledge on risk factors, symptoms and methods of screening of breast cancer; and (2) to determine their perceptions towards the disease treatment outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a validated self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 119 consecutive surgical female patients admitted from 1st of September to 8th of October 2015 in Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Kedah. Data were analyzed using General linear regression and Spearman’s correlation with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results: Mean (SD) age was 40.6 (15.1) years and majority of the patients were Malay (106, 89.1%). Mean scores for general knowledge, risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer were 50.2 (24.0%), 43.0 (22.9%) and 64.4 (28.4%) respectively. Mean total knowledge score was 52.1(19.7%). 80 (67.2%) and 55 (46.2%) patients were aware of breast self-examination and clinical breast examination recommendations, respectively. Generally, patients had positive perceptions towards breast cancer treatment outcomes. However, majority (59.7%) considered that it would be a long and painful process. Knowledge was significantly better among married women with spouses (p=0.046), those with personal history of breast cancer (p=0.022) and with monthly personal income (p=0.001) with the coefficient of determination, R2=0.16. Spearman’s correlation test showed a significant positive relationship between monthly personal income and breast cancer awareness (r = 0.343, p <0.001). Conclusion: Awareness on breast cancer among our patients was average. Thus, there is a need for more awareness programs to educate women about breast cancer and promote its early detection. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017115120http://journal.waocp.org/article_43372_742134286a9170b61ef815a5c994f94f.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.115Differential Expression of Glypican-3 and Insulin–Like Growth Factor-II mRNAs and Alpha-fetoprotein and Ki-67 markers in Liver Tissues of HCV related Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian PatientsMohamedSaberTheodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, EgyptauthorSamahAbdel HafizTheodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, EgyptauthorFatma EL-ZahraaKhorshedTheodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, EgyptauthorTarekAboushoushaTheodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, EgyptauthorHussam El-DinHamdyTheodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, EgyptauthorMohamedSeleemNational Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Institute (NHTMRI), Cairo, EgyptauthorAmiraSolimanNational Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egyptauthortextarticle2017engBackground: Increasing evidence indicates that abnormal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) genes expression, such as glypican-3 (GPC-3) and insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) were associated with the occurrence and progression of HCC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differential expression of GPC-3 and IGF-II mRNAs in HCC tissues on top of Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis, in relation to Ki-67 and Alpha-feto protein (AFP) tissue markers expression.Methods: One hundred and five patients, with HCC on top of Chronic HCV genotype 4 cirrhosis, who had undergone hepatectomy, were included, after obtaining informed consent. Total RNA extracted from malignant and corresponding peri-malignant liver tissues, and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), the GPC-3 mRNA and IGF-II mRNA in addition to Beta-actin mRNA as internal control, were evaluated in all samples. Routine histopathological diagnosis as well as immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using monoclonal antibodies for Ki-67 and AFP were also done.Result: The expression of GPC-3 mRNA was positive in all HCC malignant tissue, with overexpression in 86/105 (81.9%); in respect to the grade of the tumor(1-3 grades), while in peri-malignant tissue it was over expressed only in 20/105 (19%). The IGF-II mRNA was over expressed only in 10/105 (9.5%) in malignant and peri-malignant tissues. AFP was expressed in 33.3% of malignant samples and was absent in peri-malignant tissues. Ki-67 expression was significantly increased in malignant compared to peri-malignant tissue.Conclusion: The GPC-3 and IGF II mRNA are good molecular markers for HCC, especially on top of cirrhosis due to chronic HCV infection. This was correlated significantly with the pattern of AFP and Ki-67 expression.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017121127http://journal.waocp.org/article_42728_6be48434d85deedbac32e4120bfe6f34.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.121Prognostic Factors for Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer using a Random Survival ForestDavoudAdhamDepartment of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical SciencesauthorNateghAbbasgholizadehDepartment of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical SciencesauthorMalekAbazariDepartment of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciencesauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third top cause of cancer related death with about 1 million new cases and 700,000 deaths in 2012. The aim of this investigation was to identify important factors for outcome using a random survival forest (RSF) approach. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 128 gastric cancer patients through a historical cohort study in Hamedan-Iran from 2007 to 2013. The event under consideration was death due to gastric cancer. The random survival forest model in R software was applied to determine the key factors affecting survival. Four split criteria were used to determine importance of the variables in the model including log-rank, conversation?? of events, log-rank score, and randomization. Efficiency of the model was confirmed in terms of Harrell’s concordance index. Results: The mean age of diagnosis was 63 ±12.57 and mean and median survival times were 15.2 (95%CI: 13.3, 17.0) and 12.3 (95%CI: 11.0, 13.4) months, respectively. The one-year, two-year, and three-year rates for survival were 51%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. Each RSF approach showed a slightly different ranking order. Very important covariates in nearly all the 4 RSF approaches were metastatic status, age at diagnosis and tumor size. The performance of each RSF approach was in the range of 0.2966-0.3250 and the best error rate was obtained by the log-rank splitting rule; second, third, and fourth ranks were log-rank score, conservation of events, and the random splitting rule, respectively. Conclusion: Low survival rate of gastric cancer patients is an indication of absence of a screening program for early diagnosis of the disease. Timely diagnosis in early phases increases survival and decreases mortality. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017129134http://journal.waocp.org/article_43296_d91e0791fe1fcde694c6d2bad81b5e5c.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.129Role of Leisure Time Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention: Awareness and Practice among Medical Students at Cairo UniversitytarekAminFaculty of medicine ,Cairo UniversityauthoralshaimaaabdelmoatyFaculty of medicine Cairo UniversityauthorAlaaAbd El-BadeiInterns, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptauthorHamzahObaidfaculty of medicine Cairo UniversityauthorEsraaMohamedfaculty of medicine Cairo UniversityauthorAlaaAbosheabfaculty of medicine Cairo UniversityauthorAliAbdulkarimFaculty of medicine Cairo UniversityauthorOmarAbdelsadekfaculty of medicine,Cairo Universityauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Physical inactivity is accountable for a sizable proportion of breast and colorectal cancers and other non-communicable diseases. The higher the individual’s awareness about the protective role of physical activity (PA) in reducing chronic disease, the greater the adoption of PA will be. Objectives: To determine the level of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and awareness towards the role of LTPA in cancer prevention among a sample of Medical students at Cairo University, Egypt. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study, with multistage sampling (a total of 519 students from second to six year students) and a self administered questionnaire covering the study objectives. Results: A significant decrease in the actual?? level of LTPA was noted with students’ year of enrollment at the medical school. However, their knowledge about roles of PA in preventing coronary heart, elevated blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol exceeded 80%, with steady increase in relation to the year of enrolment from the second to 6th years. Their knowledge about PA preventive influence for cancer was low irrespective of the year enrolment (32.2% for prevention of colon and 16.2% for breast cancers). The main sources of knowledge about the role of PA in cancer prevention were the internet and media (77%). Conclusion: The students demonstrated a decline in their LTPA coupled with poor knowledge about the role of LTPA in cancer prevention. Revision of the current curricula should be considered with inclusion of more information on the role of LTPA in cancer prevention to facilitate better awareness of medical students and through them their future patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017135143http://journal.waocp.org/article_43091_4515c21f0c3a183d93869a7f2ab72b03.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.135Community-Based Prevalence of Genital Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisSasidharanpillaiSabeenaDepartment of Virus Research
Manipal University
Manipal-576104
Karnataka
IndiaauthorParvatiBhatDept of Obstetrics and gynecology
Dr TMA Pai Hospital
MMMC
Manipal University
Manipal-576104
KarnatakaauthorVeenaKamathDepartment of Community Medicine
Kasturba Medical college
Manipal University
Manipal-576104
Karnataka
IndiaauthorShashikala KBhatDept of Obstetrics and gynecology
Dr TMA Pai Hospital
MMMC
Manipal University
Manipal-576104
KarnatakaauthorSreekumaranNairProfessor and Head,
Department of Biostatistics,
Manipal University,
Manipal-576104
Karnataka
IndiaauthorRavishankarNDepartment of Virus Research
Manipal University
Manipal-576104
Karnataka
IndiaauthorKiranChandrabharaniDepartment of Virus Research
Manipal University
Manipal-576104
Karnataka
IndiaauthorGovindakarnavarArunkumarDepartment of Virus Research
Manipal University
Manipal-576104
Karnataka
Indiaauthortextarticle2017eng Introduction: Cervical cancer probably represents the best-studied human cancer caused by a viral infection and the causal association of this preventable cancer with human papilloma virus (HPV) is well established. Worldwide there is a scarcity of data regarding HPV prevalence with vast differences existing among populations. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the community-based HPV prevalence estimates among asymptomatic women from urban and rural set ups and in participants of cancer screening clinics. Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed-Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google scholar were systematically searched for studies providing prevalence data for HPV infection among asymptomatic women between 1986 and 2016. Results: The final analysis included 32 studies comprising a population of 224,320 asymptomatic women. The overall pooled HPV prevalence was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI), 9%-12%). The pooled HPV prevalence of 11% (95% CI, 9%-11%) was observed among women attending cervical cancer screening clinics. The pooled HPV prevalences were 10% (95% CI 8%-12%) and 11% (95% CI 4%-18%) from urban and rural areas respectively, indicating higher infection rates among the rural women with the least access to cancer screening and cancer care. Conclusion: The prevalence rates in this systematic quantitative review provide a reliable estimate of the burden of HPV infection among asymptomatic women from developed as well as developing nations. Rural women and women attending cervical cancer screening programmes feature higher genital HPV prevalences compared to their urban counterparts. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017145154http://journal.waocp.org/article_43299_f1e35281ed68da83cf72102cb03cee8c.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.145Gastric Cancer and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Could be Causes of non-Helicobacter Pylori non-NSAIDs Peptic Ulcers in ThailandPattamaKiatpapanGastroenterology Unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, thailandauthorRatha-kornVilaichone59/264 Ramindra 103/1
KunnayaoauthorPeranartChotivitayatarakornGastroenterology Unit, Thammasat University Hospital,Pathumthani, ThailandauthorVarochaMahachaiGI and Liver Center, Bangkok Medical Center, Bangkok, Thailandauthortextarticle2017eng Background and aim: H. pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain the major causes of peptic ulcer disease. Nevertheless, non- H. pylori non-NSAIDs peptic ulcers or idiopathic peptic ulcer disease (IPUD) constitute a growing problem associated with many complications. Gastric cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) have also been reported as a cause of IPUD. This study was aimed to investigate prevalence and clinical characteristics of IPUD in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Clinical information, histological features, endoscopic findings, history of H. pylori status and NSAIDs usage were collected for patients diagnosed with PUD in Thammasat University Hospital during January 2003 – December 2013. Results: Total of 1,310 patients was diagnosed with PUD in our institution during the study period, of which 71 (5.4%) had a definitive diagnosis of IPUD (45 men and 26 women, mean age of 59±16.5 years). Common locations were gastric antrum (43.7%), duodenum (25.3%) and gastric body (12.7%). Common causes of IPUD were idiopathic (43.7%) and alcohol consumption (39.4%). Gastric cancer and GIST were also demonstrated in 1(1.4%) and 1(1.4%) respectively. Major complications were upper GI bleeding (73.2%) and peptic perforation (2.8%). Recurrent upper GI bleeding was detected in 23.9%. Interestingly, male patients agedConclusion: Common causes of IPUD in Thailand are idiopathic followed by alcohol consumption and steroid usage. Gastric cancer and GIST are also possible causes of IPUD. These particular ulcers had a high likelihood of developing severe complications. Appropriate screening and high level of suspicion of fatal causes eg. gastric cancer and GIST should be appropriate ways to reduce complications and improve the treatment outcome. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017155157http://journal.waocp.org/article_42595_d4fe5772b62221520f6cd5bb362070c7.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.155General Breast Cancer Awareness among Women in Riyadh CityShiblAlotaibiCollege of Medicine, Almaarefa CollegesauthorMutazAlharbiCollege of Medicine, Almaarefa CollegesauthorAbdulazizAlkahmoasCollege of Medicine, Almaarefa CollegesauthorFahadAlqhataniCollege of Medicine, Almaarefa CollegesauthorFahadAlmutairiCollege of Medicine, Almaarefa CollegesauthorTalalAlMutairiKing Fahad Medical CityauthorRefanAlajmiPrince Sultan Medical Military Hospital, and Zhejiang UniversityauthorFatimahAlmousawiKing Fahad Medical Cityauthortextarticle2017eng Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally as well as in Saudi Arabia. Early diagnosis can improve prognosis and breast self-examination (BSE) may be a cost effective way to achieve this. In Saudi Arabia, only a few studies have been conducted to address breast cancer awareness. Most showed a suboptimal level of understanding. During the last few years, Saudi Arabia has established many national campaigns to increase awareness of the disease and facilitate learning about different diagnostic procedures. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted in accordance to assess the current knowledge and practices of women regarding breast self-examination and mammography screening in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The sample comprised of 137 females aged 18 and older. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews with a modified Arabic version of a validated questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Similar to previous studies’, the results were suboptimal. Out of the 137, about 54% claimed they are aware of breast cancer and BSE, however, only 62% of them knew how to conduct self-examination. Far fewer were aware of mammography screening (38%). When asked about the source of breast cancer information, most of the women answered awareness campaigns (39%) while school/university and TV (22% each) were the sources for others. This highlights the importance and urgent need for continued awareness campaigns. Moreover, special awareness sessions need to be conducted in institutions like colleges, universities, and hospitals where the proportion of females is higher. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017159163http://journal.waocp.org/article_42955_e88cdd5f098fc2385472d080e32b1582.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.159Prediction of the Cancer Incidence in NepalKrishnaPoudelBhaktapur cancer hospitalauthorZhibiHuangDepartment of Epidemiology
and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, ChinaauthorPrakash RajNeupaneB P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, NepalauthorRobertaSteelRoberta Steel, Quality Consultant. Cavendish
Square Wellington, New Zealandauthortextarticle2017eng Background: The burden of cancer will increase both in males and females in Nepal. Due to the unavailability of a population based cancer registry it is difficult to precisely predict of future incidence rates. However, using hospital-based data to predict the cancer incidence in Nepal it was found that it will certainly increase both in males and females from 2013 to 2020. Material and Methods: For this research we used the cases from the first national cancer registry report (2003) to the cases of the most recent (2012) accumulated by all the hospital based cancer registries in Nepal. We used simple linear regression to analyze the data and thereby obtained a simple linear regression equation. Result: In 2020 the highest incidence rate will be for males 38.5 per 100,000 and for females, 41.4. The present study demonstrated that female cancer incidence will be higher than that in males in Nepal. Conclusion: This study provided evidence of future trends, which will feature an increasing rate of cancer in Nepal. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017165168http://journal.waocp.org/article_42647_568794067d4eed5948a519218b3b3650.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.165Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Methylation of CADM1, PAX1, MAL and ADCYAP1 Genes in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer PatientsZeinabHassanCancer Biology Department , National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.authorMohamed MHafezauthorMahmoud MKamelauthorAbdel RahmanN Zekriauthortextarticle2017eng Background: High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) may play a role in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of this study was to determine any HPV genotypes and correlations to CADM1, PAX1, MAL and ADCYAP1 gene methylation in Egyptian EOC patients. Materials and methods: The prevalence of HR-HPV in 100 formalin fixed paraffin embedded EOC tissues was determined using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6 + primers to amplify a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes in a single reaction. DNA sequencing was applied to identify HPV genotypes for the positive samples. All samples negative for HPV were re-analyzed for HR-HPV and low-risk HPV subtypes using type specific primers. Results: The prevalence of HPV was 10% in our EOC cases. HPV-16 and HPV-18 were the predominant genotypes followed by HPV−33, all being associated with advanced stages. Other HR-HPV and low risk HPV genotypes were not found. CADM1 was hypermethylated in 100% of patients infected with HPV-16 and HPV-33 and in 75% of patients infected with HPV-18. Hypermethylation of PAX1 was evident in 80% and in 75% of patients infected with HPV-16 and HPV-18 while MAL was hypermethylated in 100% and ADCYAP1 was hypermethylated in 60% and in 75%, respectively. Conclusion: The presence of high risk HPV genotypes among epithelial ovarian carcinoma may reflect an importance of infection in the pathogenesis of EOC. In HR-HPV infected cancers, DNA methylation may be one of the mechanisms triggering the alteration in CADM1, PAX1, MAL and ADCYAP1 gene expression levels. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017169176http://journal.waocp.org/article_42596_17625ae2db64e4cc5078d28a40fa5d52.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.169Economic Burden of Avoidable Hospitalizations among Patients with Cancer at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, 2013NahidHatamDepartment of Health Service Administration, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.authorTannazFanusiStudent Research Committee, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.authorMehdiDehghaniDepartment Of Hematology And Oncology, Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Shiraz, Iran.authorRezaVojdaniDepartment of Medical Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Nemazi Hospital,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.authorManiRamziDepartment of Medical Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Nemazi Hospital,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.authorMehrdadAskarianDepartment of
Community Medicine, Shiraz Nephro – Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.authortextarticle2017eng Introduction: Hospitalization of patients with cancer has a significant economic impact and avoidance where unnecessary has great potential for significant cost savings for patients, individual hospitals and the health system in general. Methods: Demographic, clinical and economical data were collected from medical records in our hospital retrospectively. Oncology clinicians reviewed medical records to categorize each hospitalization as "potentially avoidable" or "not avoidable." Patient demographic and clinical data were abstracted and quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to identify patient characteristics and outcomes associated with potentially avoidable hospitalizations. Finally data on the cost of the latter were estimated. Results: Of 451 hospitalizations, medical oncologists identified 55 (12.2%) as potentially avoidable. Avoiding these and caring for the patients in alternative locations would save some $ US 641,240 yearly. Among patients with avoidable hospitalization, 70.9% were males and the median age and median length of stay was 55 years and 4.7 days. Most of them had general signs (83.6%) and a fever body temperature lower than 38.5’C (96.4%). Lung, kidney and urinary tract cancers were the most common diagnoses (10.9%). The majority of avoidable hospitalized patients had local cancer (85.5%) and poor performance status (43.6%). The most prevalent procedure for patients with avoidable hospitalization was sonography and the least frequent were laboratory tests and MRI. Most cases received no treatment. Conclusion: Avoidable hospitalizations are common in patients with cancer. Age, final results of hospitalization and length of stay were established as significant variables for patients with avoidable hospitalization. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017177182http://journal.waocp.org/article_42597_d7361aa9bbca22bfcfdf11e4a923da12.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.177Portal Vein Thrombosis in Unresectable Hcc Cases: a Single Center Study of Prognostic Factors and Management in 140 Patientsahmedabdelmaksouddiagnostic and interventional radiology department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthorsafaamandoohradio-diagnosis department, national hepatology and tropical medicine research institute (NHTMRI)authormohamednabilendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthortamerelbazendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo UniversityauthorHendShoushaendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthorashrafmounirclinical oncology department, faculty of medicine, cairo universityauthorinaselattarDepartment Biostatistics and Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo Universityauthorashrafabdelazizendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthortextarticle2017eng Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis is considered a relative contraindication for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and management in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Methods: Between February 2011 and February 2015, 140 patients presented to our specialized multidisciplinary HCC clinic. All were assessed by imaging at regular intervals for tumor response and the data compared with baseline laboratory and imaging characteristics obtained before treatment. Results: At the end of the follow up in February 2015, 78 (55.7%) of the 140 patients had died, 33.1% in the 1st year and 20.7% in the 2nd year. The overall median survival was 10 months from the date of diagnosis. Clinical progression was noted in 45 (32.1%). Univariate analysis revealed that, the Child-Pugh score, the performance states (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group "ECOG" 0-1) and the presence of ascites exerted non-significant affects on survival. Similarly, the serum albumen level and AFP >400 ng/ml were without influence. However, patients with =>2 tumors, abdominal lymphadenopathy and serum bilirubin >2mg/dl had a significantly worse prognosis. Specific treatment significantly increased survival compared to patients left untreated (P value = 0.027). Conclusion: Application of specific treatments (curative or palliative) significantly increased survival in HCC patients with PVT. TACE can be considered as a promising procedure for unresectable PVT-associated HCCs. The main predictors of survival in our study were the serum bilirubin level and specific treatment application. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017183188http://journal.waocp.org/article_43097_a25d79ad512349bfeb33e4320da10cd9.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.183Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Either Radiofrequency or Microwave Ablation in Management of Hepatocellular Carcinomaashrafabdelazizendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo UniversityauthorahmedabdelmaksoudDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Cairo University, Faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthormohamednabilendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo UniversityauthorHendShoushaendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthorahmedcordieendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthorsherifmahmoudendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthoremanmedhatendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthordaliaomranendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthortamerelbazendemic medicine department, faculty of medicine, Cairo Universityauthortextarticle2017eng Introduction: Local ablative therapy and trans arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are applied to ablate non resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Combination of both techniques has proven to be more effective. We aimed to study combined ablation techniques and assess survival benefit comparing TACE with radiofrequency (RFA) versus TACE with microwave (MWA) techniques. Methods: We retrospectively studied 22 patients who were ablated using TACE-RFA and 45 with TACE-MWA. All were classified as Child A-B and lesions did not exceed 5 cm in diameter. TACE was followed within two weeks by either RFA or MWA. We recorded total and partial ablation rates and complication rates. Survival analysis was then performed. Results: TACE-MWA showed a higher tendency to provide complete response rates than TACE-RFA (P 0.06). This was particularly evident with lesions sized 3-5 cm (P 0.01). Rates of complications showed no significant difference between the groups. Overall median survival was 27 months. The overall actuarial probability of survival was 80.1% at 1 year, 55% at 2 years, and 36.3% at 3 years. The recurrence free survival at 1 year, 2years and 3 years for the TACE-RFA group was 70%, 42% and 14% respectively and for TACE-MWA group 81.2%, 65.1% and 65.1% without any significant difference (P 0.1). In relation to the size of focal lesions, no statistically significant difference in the survival rates was detected between the groups. Conclusion: TACE-MWA led to better response rates than TACE-RFA with tumors 3-5 cm, with no difference in survival rates. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017189194http://journal.waocp.org/article_43098_9262357150b305bafb53c641baa08b76.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.189Triple Negative Breast Cancer at the University Hospital Mohammed VI – Oujdaouissamal jarroudimedical oncologyauthornaimaabdaLaboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, Medical Faculty of Oujda, Mohammed Premier University, Moroccoauthorsami azizbrahmimedical oncologyauthorsaidafqirMedical Oncology, University Hospital Mohammed VI-Oujda, Moroccoauthortextarticle2017eng Introduction: The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined by the absence of receptors to oestrogen and progesterone and no histochemical expression of human epidermal receptor -2, is associated with a particularly aggressive behavior. The aim of our study was to determine the clinico-pathological, therapeutic and prognostic features associated with this type of breast cancer in Morocco. Methods: A cohort retrospective study, spread over 3 years, was conducted of 116 breast cancer patients, diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2011 at the Regional Center of Oncology. Epidemiological, clinical, histological and therapeutic data were analyzed. Survival curves at 3 years were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis with use of the log-rank test. Results: The proportion of triple-negative breast cancer in our series was 13.2%. The average age was 46.5 years and 20,7% had a previous history of familial breast cancer. Some 56,9% of tumors were greater than 3 cm in diameter. infiltrating ductal carcinoma being the histological type in the majority of cases (75.9%). TNBC was most often associated with a high grade, grade III accounting for 50.9%. Vascular invasion was found in 58.6% of cases. Regarding lymph node involvement, 42.2% had positive lymph nodes and 15.5% featured distant metastases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administrated to 20% of patients with a 23.5% complete pathologic response. The rates for overall survival and disease-free-survival at 3 years for localized stages were 70 and 55.6%, respectively. With metastatic lesions, the figures were 27.5% and 10.3% respectively. Conclusion: The TNBC is correlated with a poor prognosis with a high mortality and early relapse requiring identification of new target therapies and markers for prediction of tumoral response to various treatments. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017195200http://journal.waocp.org/article_42598_9f7df63f7754cbc8faec16a6ce5bb5f2.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.195Roles of Signal Transducer Pathways in Investigation of Biopsies from Patients with Bladder TumorsaysegulbayrakDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyauthorsukrupalanduzDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyauthorendercoskunpinarDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyauthoronersanliDepartment of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyauthorabdullaharmaganDepartment of Urology, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, TurkeyauthorserkankarakusDepartment of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyauthorramazantopaktasDepartment of Urology, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, TurkeyauthorkivanccefleDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyauthorsukruozturkDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyauthoraliucurDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkeyauthortextarticle2017eng Background:The process of development of bladder cancer features alteration of normal biological conditions caused by changes in molecular pathways. Removing control over regulation of these pathways could lead to changes in signal transduction and abnormal regulation of genes. During tumor formation and progression, genes regulate critical cellular processes, involved in cell cycling, growth and death. Here we evaluated the expression and prognostic importance of FGFR1, HRAS, CCND1, CCND3, STAT3 and FAS genes. Methods: Tumor tissues of 44 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were investigated for changes in expression levels of FGFR1, HRAS, CCND1, CCND3, FAS and STAT3 genes by the RT-PCR method. Signal transduction pathways and expression of individual genes related to these pathways were analyzed using the "One Sample Test". Results: There were statistically significant changes in the expression levels of HRAS, CCND1, CCND3 and STAT3, but not FGFR1 and FAS genes. Examination of associations with age, gender, smoking, chemotherapy, tumor grade and tumor growth pattern using the "Independent Samples Test", showed importance relations between the CCND1 gene and cigarette smoking and sex. Conclusion: Over-expression of HRAS, CCND1, CCND3 and STAT3 genes may play roles in bladder cancer development and progression, while cigarette smoking is significantly associated with CCND1 gene expression and consequently concluded to be contributing to the development of bladder cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017201205http://journal.waocp.org/article_43008_87cce16724c7139c607b7720b22e8689.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.201Morphological Classification of Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct with Survival CorrelationVorLuviraDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen, 40002, ThailandauthorKulyadaSomsapDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen, 40002, ThailandauthorAkePugkhemDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen, 40002, ThailandauthorChalermEurboonyanunDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen, 40002, ThailandauthorVarisaraLuviraDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen
University, Khon Kaen, 40002, ThailandauthorVajarabhongsaBhudhisawasdiDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen, 40002, ThailandauthorChawalitPairojkulDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen, 40002, ThailandauthorSupotKamsa-ardCancer Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailandauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a specific entity for which there has been no classification that correlates clinical presentation with patient survival. We, therefore, propose a new classification based on radio-pathological appearance correlated with clinical findings including outcome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical and pathological records of 103 IPNB patients who underwent curative-intent hepatic resection between January 2008 and December 2011. A morphological classification was then created based on the presence of (a) bile duct dilatation, (b) intraductal mass(es), (c) cystic lesion(s), and (d) macro-invasion of the liver. All clinical parameters and survival were analyzed. Results: The median survival of IPNB patients was 1,728 days (95%CI: 1,485 to 1,971 days). The proposed classification predicted survival very well (log-rank test; p < 0.01). For patients with the cystic variant and micro-papillary IPNB, there were no tumor-related deaths within 3 years of surgery and median survival was not reached during the follow-up. The respective median survival times for IPNBs with unilateral intrahepatic duct dilatation, bilateral intrahepatic duct dilatation, and macro-invasion were 1,888 days (95%CI 1,118- 2,657), 673 days (95%CI: 392- 953), and 578 days (95%CI: 285- 870). Conclusion: We propose a new classification for IPNBs which not only provides a view of patients in terms of their radio-pathologic status but also should help in guiding planning of surgical procedures. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017207213http://journal.waocp.org/article_42748_2f0d7e2097ceb605bf3e96a296787701.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.207Coping Strategies and Experiences in Women with a Primary Breast Cancer DiagnosissepidehHajianDepartment of midwifery and reproductive health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranauthorEsmatMehrabiDepartment of midwifery, faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical science, Tabriz, IranauthorMasoomehSimbarDepartment of midwifery and reproductive health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranauthorMohammadHoushyariDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iranauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Women with breast cancer experience problems in multiple aspects of their lives, but applying effective strategies can result in enhancing their quality of life and their psychosocial adaptation to the disease. However, there is little information about the strategies that women use to cope with complications associated with their experiences following a breast cancer diagnosis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the experience of coping behavior and the main strategies that women use in dealing with a breast cancer diagnosis. Methods: This study was conducted according to a qualitative phenomenological design to investigate women’s experiences in living with breast cancer and the related complications and how they cope with these issues. Purposive sampling was used for recruiting participants with breast cancer, and data collection was conducted by semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 22 patients. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using Van Manen’s thematic approach. Results: The age range of the women was 32-68. Most were married and received adjuvant therapy (i.e., mastectomy surgery and chemo-radiation). Three dominant themes that emerged from the interviews were emotional turmoil, avoidance, and logical efforts. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of addressing psycho-oncology intervention programs to address the unmet pyscho-social and palliative care needs of patients suffering from breast cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017215224http://journal.waocp.org/article_42755_a156257e6fda4abac51f222154201393.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.215Prognostic Factors and Survival of Patients with Carcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater after PancreaticoduodenectomySunhawitJunrungseeDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandauthorEkkapopeKittivarakulDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandauthorWasanaKo-iamDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandauthorWorakittiLapisatepunDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandauthorTrichakSandhuDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandauthorAnonChotirosniramitDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailandauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Although carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (CAV) is a rare tumor, accounting for just 0.2% of gastrointestinal cancers, the survival of CAV patients is unfavorable. The five-year rates have ranged from 36.8-75.2% in previous reports but there is a lack of data relating to Thai people. Also prognostic factors are controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to determine survival outcomes and to identify prognostic factors for a positive outcome for CAV patients after surgery. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from CAV patients who underwent surgery in Chiang Mai University Hospital from 2005 to 2012 for time to event analysis, the log rank test and univariate and multivariate Cox’s regression analysis. Results: There were 72 CAV patients recruited, 45.8% being male. The mean age was 65.1 ± 10.5 years and the median waiting time for surgery was 56.5 days (24.5-91.5). The 30 day mortality rate was 5.6%., while 5-yr survival was 33.3%. The average disease free survival was 14.6 months. Prognostic factors relating to recurrence were positive lymph nodes (50% VS 19.6% p = 0.015) and advanced stage (44.1% VS 18.4% p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis showed that the potential prognostic factors for CAV patients included recurrence, moderate and poor differentiation, comorbidities and a tumor size > 2.0 cm. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that the overall survival of CAV patients after surgery is quite fair, with a tendency for better outcome with early as compared to advanced lesions. The key prognostic factors were recurrence, moderate and poor differentiation, comorbidity and tumor size > 2.0 cm. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017225229http://journal.waocp.org/article_42940_8e0a89bec60eb728ec92a1459482c5a3.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.225Assessment of Statistical Methodologies and Pitfalls of Dissertations Carried Out at National Cancer Institute, Cairo UniversityRashaAllamDepartment of Biostatistics and Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, EgyptauthorMaissaNoamanDepartment of Biostatistics and Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, EgyptauthorManarMoneerDepartment of Biostatistics and Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, EgyptauthorInasElattarDepartment of Biostatistics and Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egyptauthortextarticle2017eng Purpose: To identify statistical errors and pitfalls in dissertations performed as part of the requirements for the Medical Doctorate (MD) degree at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University (CU) to improve the quality of medical research. Methods: A critical assessment of 62 MD dissertations conducted in 3 departments at NCI, CU, between 2009 and 2013 was carried out regarding statistical methodology and presentation of the results. To detect differences in study characteristics over time, grouping was into two periods; 2009-2010 and 2011-2013. Results: Statistical methods were appropriate in only 13 studies (24.5%). The most common statistical tests applied were chi-square, log-rank, and Mann-Whitney tests. Four studies estimated sample size and/or power. Only 37.1% and 38.7% of dissertation results supported aims and answered the research questions, respectively. Most of results were misinterpreted (82.3%) with misuse of statistical terminology (77.4%). Tabular and graphical data display was independently informative in only 36 dissertations (58.1%) with accurate titles and labels in only 17 (27.4%). Statistical tests fulfilled the assumptions only in 29 studies; with evident misuse in 33. Ten dissertations reported non-significance regarding their primary outcome measure; the median power of the test was 35.5% (range: 6-60%). There was no significant change in the characteristics between the time periods. Conclusion: MD dissertations at NCI have many epidemiological and statistical defects that may compromise the external validity of the results. It is recommended to involve a biostatistician from the very start to improve study design, sample size calculation, end points estimation and measures. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017231237http://journal.waocp.org/article_43173_0afd36c3e56ed178418d136213e2935f.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.231Expression Changes of Apoptotic Genes in Tissues from Mice Exposed to NicotineCyrusJaliliFertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.authorMohammad RezaSalahshoorMedical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.authorMohammad TaherMoradiFertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.authorMaryamAhookhashStudents Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.authorMehdiTaghadosiDepartment of Immunology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.authorMaryamSohrabiFertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.authortextarticle2017eng Objective: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of various diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. Nicotine, one of the major toxic components of tobacco, contributes to the pathogenesis of different diseases. Methods: Given the controversy about nicotine toxicity, the present study was conducted to determine apoptotic effects of nicotine on the heart, kidney, lung and liver of male mice. Real-time PCR was performed to identify mRNA expression changes in apoptotic-related genes between nicotine treated and control mice. Result: In the heart and lung, nicotine caused significant decrease in P53, Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA expression levels compared to the control group. However, in the kidney and liver, the result was significant increase in Bax, Caspase-2, Caspase-3 and a significant decrease in P53 mRNA expression (p<0.01). DNA fragmentation assays indicated no fragmentation in the heart and lung, but in the kidney and liver of nicotine treated mice, isolated DNA was fragmented. Conclusion: Our study provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of nicotine anti-apoptotic effects on the heart and lung as well as pro-apoptotic effects on kidney and liver via a P53-independent pathway. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017239244http://journal.waocp.org/article_43070_e070b9a96096b48b6bb42993b7fbc898.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.239Lack of any Association between the Hogg1 Ser326Cys Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of 18 StudiesMahdiehKamaliDepartment of Perinatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, Iran|Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University Medical of
Sciences, TehranauthorSaeedKargarDepartment of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranauthorNaeimehHeiranizadehDepartment of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranauthorMohammadZareDepartment of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranauthorShadiKargarDepartment of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranauthorMasoudZare ShehnehMother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital,
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranauthorHosseinNeamatzadehMother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital,
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iranauthortextarticle2017eng Background: The human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) gene may be linked with cancer susceptibility. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize any association between the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and breast cancer (BC) risk. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and ISI web of knowledge databases for papers published before 1 October 2016 was conducted. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CIs) were estimated, with fixed-effects or random-effects models when appropriate, to assess any association. Results: A total of 9,434 cases and 10,497 controls from 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis. When the eligible studies were pooled, there was no evidence found for a significant association between the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and BC in in all genetic contrast models G vs. C (OR=1.19, 95% CI 0.92– 1.53), CG vs. CC (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.91-1.04, p = 0.46), GG vs. CC (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.91-1.35, p = 0.30), GG + CG vs. CC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.92-1.05, p = 0.67), and GG vs. CG + CC (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 0.98-1.52, p = 0.07). According to subgroup analysis, we also did not find a significant association between the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and BC risk in Asians and Caucasians considered separately. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis suggests that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism is not significantly associated with BC risk. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017245251http://journal.waocp.org/article_43099_deace500bc55d101be4dff8e1a9170e0.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.245Novel Mutations of the CHRNA3 Gene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in an Iranian PopulationNahidMehrabiDepartment of Biology, Yazd University,Yazd, Iran.authorSeyed MohammadMoshtaghiounDepartment of Biology, Yazd University,Yazd, Iran.authorHosseinNeamatzadehDepartment of Medical Genetics,Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran| Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iranauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related worldwide deaths, largely results from the combined effects of smoking exposure and genetic susceptibility. CHRNA3, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene, is associated with lung cancer risk. This study sought to identify variations in exon 3 of CHRNA3 in an Iranian population with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: A case-control study including 147 individuals with lung cancer and 145 healthy individuals was conducted. As mobility shift caused by nucleotide substitutions might be due to a conformational change of single-stranded DNAs, we designated these as single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs). PCR amplified products with SSCP were subjected to DNA sequencing. Results: The sequencing results showed 3 polymorphisms in exon 3 of CHRNA3, rs8040868, rs763384023 and rs2869547 , the latter two of which have not been reported in NSCLC, previously. Conclusion: It appears that the rs8040868 may be considered as a pathogenic mutation associated with the clinical phenotype. Polymorphisms are important factors for development of cancers and may provide additional insights into mechanisms underlying NSCLC. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017253255http://journal.waocp.org/article_42937_e465638db6a883ac3f47a3f4aa19088f.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.253Diagnostic Value of Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) and Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in the Diagnosis of Pleural Effusionsmohammad AliSabaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.authorTorajValehDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.authorHasanEhteramDepartment of Pathology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.authorHamedHaddad KashaniAnatomical Sciences Research Center, kashan university of medical sciencesauthorMahdiyehGhazi ZahediDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.authortextarticle2017eng Introduction: Pleural effusion diagnosis plays an important role in determining treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic capacity of tumor markers CA 15-3 and NSE solely or in combination in differentiating the nature of pleural fluid. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study we evaluated 93 patients with pleural effusions (44 malignant and 49 benign). NSE and CA 15-3 serum and pleural levels were measured simultaneously using immunoenzyme assay kits. Diagnosis was established on the basis of cytological study. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of CA 15-3 serum and pleural level measurement were 70.4%, 49.0%, and 79.5% and 49.0%, respectively. Serum NSE levels had 75.0% sensitivity and 69.4% specificity while the respective pleural figures were 75.0% and 73.5%. The combination of NSE and CA 15-3 serum and pleural levels had the highest sensitivity (93.2%), although combined serum levels had the lowest sensitivity (47.7%). With an accuracy of 74.2%, pleural levels of NSE had the highest diagnostic potential. Conclusion: Measuring NSE and CA 15-3 tumor markers is a suitable approach to distinguish the nature of pleural effusions, with NSE pleural levels demonstrating the highest diagnostic accuracy. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017257261http://journal.waocp.org/article_43174_f407cbfd285cb9eed8290a05defd51c9.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.257Genetic Association of XRCC1 Gene rs1799782, rs25487 and rs25489 Polymorphisms with Risk of Thyroid Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisJamalJafari-NedooshanDepartment of Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranauthorMohammadForat-YazdiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesauthorHosseinNeamatzadehMother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranauthorMasoudZare ShehnehDepartment
of Medical Genetics, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd,
IranauthorSaeedKargarDepartment of Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranauthorNiloofarSeddighiShahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciencesauthortextarticle2017eng Background: A number of case-control studies have evaluated associations between the X-ray cross complementary group 1 protein (XRCC1) gene rs1799782 (Arg194Trp), rs25487 (Arg399Gln) and rs25489 (Arg280His) polymorphisms and thyroid cancer (TC) risk, but the results remain inconclusive. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar Search. According to defined criteria data were extracted and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated under five genetic models. Results: A total of 8 studies with 1,672 cases and 2,805 controls for the rs1799782 polymorphism, 14 studies with 2,506 cases and 5,180 controls for the rs25487 polymorphism, and 11 studies with 2,197 cases and 4,761 controls for the rs25489 polymorphism were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, there was a statistical association between XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism and TC risk with the homozygote genetic model (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.815, 95% CI = 1.115-2.953, p= 0.016) and the recessive genetic model (TT vs. TC+CC: OR = 1.854, 95% CI = 1.433-2.399, p= <0.001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased TC risk was observed only in Asians under the recessive model (TT vs. TC+CC: OR = 1.816, 95% CI = 1.398-2.358, p= <0.001). In addition, there was no positive association between XRCC1 rs25487 and rs25489 polymorphisms and risk of TC. However, there was a significant association between XRCC1 rs25487 polymorphism risk of TC among Caucasians with allele genetic comparison (A vs. G: OR= 0.882, 95% CI = 0.794-0.979, p= 0.136) and dominant genetic comparison (AA+AG vs. GG: OR=0.838, 95% CI = 0.728-0.965, p= 0.014). Conclusions: The results of our meta-analysis suggest an increased risk of TC with the XRCC1 rs1799782 and rs25487 polymorphisms. However, the XRCC1 rs25489 polymorphism appeared to be without influence. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

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2017263270http://journal.waocp.org/article_43100_3de080300a69b546e3570fae528b4d35.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.263Identification of a Low-Frequency Missense Variant in E2F Transcription Factor 7 Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk In A Chinese PopulationAi-YeGuoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory , People&rsquo;s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People&rsquo;s Hospital, Zhengzhou, ChinaauthorKanZhaiMedical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaauthorJin-LingXuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory , People&rsquo;s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People&rsquo;s Hospital, Zhengzhou, ChinaauthorJin-LongHuDepartment of Oncology, People&rsquo;s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People&rsquo;s Hospital, Zhengzhou, ChinaauthorLanGaoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory , People&rsquo;s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People&rsquo;s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Chinaauthortextarticle2017eng Background: Transcription factors regulate gene expression and play important role in tumor genesis. Especially, the E2F transcription factor family controls the cell cycle and regulate many tumor suppressors. Missense variants in E2F family genes, which change the amino acid sequence, may alter the capacity for DNA binding or the protein structure, leading to a functional alteration. Material and Methods: We here searched for missense variants in E2F transcription family genes (E2F1~E2F8) and identified two (rs2075995 for E2F2 and rs3829295 for E2F7) with minor allele frequencies >0.01 in Chinese Han Beijing population from the 1000 genome project. We genotyped these two variants in 1,055 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 1,936 healthy controls using Taqman genotyping assays and assessed associations between SNPs and risk of CRC using logistic regression adjusted for gender and age. Results: We found rs3829295 at E2F7 to be significantly associated with risk of CRC. Compared with TT genotype carriers, CT and CT+CC genotype carriers had lower risks of CRC with ORs of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.44-0.85, P=0.003) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.44-0.84, P=0.003), respectively. When stratified by gender and age, significant associations were observed in males (OR= 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.83, P=0.004) for rs3829295, but not females (OR= 0.73, 95% CI: 0.43-1.22, P=0.232). Conclusion: Through a systematic assessment of variants in the E2F transcription factor family, we identified a low-frequent missense variant in E2F7 significantly associated with CRC risk, indicating that E2F7 may play an important role in development of this tumor type. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818

2017277286http://journal.waocp.org/article_43237_384675de0ec33643a10c887c6b447e2d.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.277Prognostic Significance of a Tumor Marker Index Based on Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Krebs von den Lungen-6 Levels in Non-Small Cell Lung CancerMasakiTomitaDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of MiyazakiauthorTakanoriAyabeDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of MiyazakiauthorEiichiChosaDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of MiyazakiauthorNaohiroNoseDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of MiyazakiauthorKunihideNakamuraDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki,
Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japanauthortextarticle2017eng Background: We retrospectively analysed the prognostic significance of a tumor marker index (TMI) based on preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 176 NSCLC patients who had preoperative serum CEA and KL-6 level measurements and had undergone curative surgery between 2009 and 2011. Results: The 5-year disease-specific survival of patients with high serum CEA levels was significantly poorer compared with that of patients with normal levels. The value for patients with high serum KL-6 levels was also poor. Patients with both normal serum CEA and KL-6 levels had a favourable prognosis, whereas those with both high serum CEA and KL-6 levels had a poor outcome. The5-year disease-specific survival rate was 82.9% for patients in the low TMI group compared to 47.5% in the high TMI group (p<0.01). Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed prognostic significance for TMI. Conclusions: TMI based on preoperative serum CEA and KL-6 levels might be useful for the prediction of the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer PreventionWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)1513-736818