Greek Architecture

Greek Architecture Thesis;ln my point of view, Functionality is based on the foundation of Greek architecture , like the architecture style in the some cities such as Ephesus, Millet and Assos. Greek architecture Is based on the houses called Megaron houses, which has four corners and an entrance, has some pillars around. ln fact they are temples and tor this reason the people musn’t enter in itOnly they pray out ot temple. The outside of it is much more important than inside-The division of place is seen in Greek architecture like in Egypt architecture (between B.

C 1800-2000 Miken ge). This part is a mixed mass of places in a central yard. Sewage system and central heating was first seen in Crete. Miken culture was abolished by Doric’s in B. C 100ffs. Then they made up a new and more modern culture there. Minos on Crete, Miken In Greece existed by Ionians In Anatolld. lonlans ere very Important In Anatolla. They became the residents of Ephesus, Mllet, Fosa, Prene and Izmlr. Dorlcs founded the cities 80drum and Datqa. These cltles are known as “Police states” In Greek history. The culture ot these states has leaded the Greek art.

The primary cities f Greek civilization, where the governers lived in, is on high lands. There are huge and thick walls around the city. Ephesus, Milet Prene, Bergama,Didim and Assos are the first founded cities in Anatolia. There is an order which roads divide each other. In my point of view, Functionality is based on the foundation of Greek architecture , like the architecture style In the some cities such as Ephesus, Millet and Assos. I-Greek Temple Arhitecture It is the basic and the most important part of Greek architecture. They were built in the sacrificed places called ‘Temenos”.

They are new versions of Megarons In West Anatolia. They have a rectangular hall. Once they had been built of wood but they were bullt ds planned of rock after 3. C 70(Ys. The front order and pillar heads shows which order they were bullt. These temples are “the houses of cod”. They have the god’s possessions and Gods statues_For this reason they are not places to pray In It. Later on pillar circles are built to differ them trom around places The basis ot them are; a) Doric order b) Ionic order c) Corinth order a)Dorlc order They are seen between B. C 7th and 5th centuries. he examples of them are in Greece, South Italy, Sicily and Anatolia. Basic features; They are on the place which you can go up some stairs. Pillars are built on the floor directly. The pillars are reduced in size from down to up. They have cuttings on the body. The head of the pillar has two parts; a round piece and a flat square part on it. A beam tres the pillars each other. The short border has the illustration of a human statue and raised items. On Greek temples the horizantal pieces are red and the vertical ones are usually black or dark blue. The decorative pieces are colourful.

The best example of Doric Temple is the Panthenon in Athens (B. C 5th century). The short side of the temple has 8 pillars and the wide side has 17 pillars. The plastic decorations which are the result of carving on the front side of the statue . These decorations are the symbols of the Poseidon war of Athens. b) Ionic Order More seen in the west Anatolia between B. C 6th and the 4th centuries. The temples are on a floor with some stairs. The pillars are stood on a bed. The pillars are like the horns ofa ram. The rock which ties the pillars together is conuex. lt is 2 or 3 stairs.

The pillars are thin in size and high. This order is lighter and elegant. The pillar bed, which has 3 round pieces and 2 clrcles In, Is not seen In Doric order . I ne Doay 0T tne plllar Is tnlnner In slze ana higher. lt is decorated with cuttings like lines. The head of pillar is decorated with a concave. There are symbols which has 3 stairs on it. There is a frist on the symbols. Sometimes there is no symbol and but some tooth like cuttings on it. The colours are used freely in Ionic order. The most famous Ionic temple is Arthemis in Ephesus (B. C 6th century).

The height of this temple is about 110 m and its width is 55m. There are raised decorations on the west of the temple. C)Corinth Order It is the version which is a little different from ionic order. The only difference is the head of pillars. The headings are decorated with Achantus leaves. ln some greek temples the Corint and ionic headings are used by tying them together. There are woman statues called (Karyatit) instead of pillars. They are formerly used inside of the buildings but in time they are started to be used outside of the buildings. This style is liked so much in Helenistic age.

The Zeus temples in Silifke and the one near by the Athens are the most important temples. The Temples of Gods Greek Gods and Goddess had the temples built for their children whose numbers are not known certainly on the places high and open. The temples are turned into places to hide. They are changed from rectangular to circle. The entrance is on the shirt side of the temple. Besides in this part there is a pair of pillors. once,the roofs of the temples were made of mud but then they were made of rocks. As the temples were lenghtened some pillars were added. At the end of the temples,there is statue of God or Goddess.