"The Jewish people as a whole will be its own Messiah. It will attain world domination by the dissolution of other races...and by the establishment of a world republic in which everywhere the Jews will exercise the privilege of citizenship. In this New World Order the Children of Israel...will furnish all the leaders without encountering opposition..." (Karl Marx in a letter to Baruch Levy, quoted in Review de Paris, June 1, 1928, p. 574)

Monday, 15 July 2013

On Crimes Against Western Muslims

For a British-focus report see the post below on the rise of
‘domestic terror’ attacks against Muslims [by white-extremists] in
persons (check for more posts by typing ‘Woolwich’ on our blog search
space) and places of gatherings (mosques, community centres etc: the
first bomb attack was also in the West Midalnds).
The study ‘Mapping Muslims’ (see the article below for the link to the study in full is a must read for all Muslims).

The article is truly a must-read for all Muslims.

Political violence and privilege

Why violent right-wing extremism doesn’t scare Americans

by Matthew Harwood

The evangelical Christians of Greenville County, South Carolina, are afraid.

There has been talk of informants and undercover agents luring young,
conservative evangelicals across the South into sham terrorist plots.
The feds and the area’s police want to eliminate a particularly extreme
strain of evangelical Christianity opposed to abortion, homosexuality,
and secularism, whose adherents sometimes use violent imagery and
speech. They fear such extreme talk could convince lone wolves or small
groups of Christian extremists to target abortion clinics, gay bars, or
shopping malls for attack. As a result, law enforcement has flooded
these communities with informants meant to provide an early warning
system for any signs of such “radicalization.”

Converts, so important to the evangelical movement, are now looked
upon with suspicion — the more fervent, the more suspicious. In local
barbecue joints, diners, and watering holes, the proprietors are careful
not to let FOX News linger onscreen too long, fearing political
discussions that could be misconstrued. After all, you can never be too
sure who’s listening.

Come Sunday, the ministers who once railed against abortion, gay
marriage, and Hollywood as sure signs that the U.S. is descending into
godlessness will mute their messages. They will peer out at their
congregations and fear that some faces aren’t interested in the Gospel,
or maybe are a little too interested in every word. The once vibrant
political clubs at Bob Jones University have become lifeless as students
whisper about informants and fear a few misplaced words could leave
them in a government database or worse.

Naturally, none of this is actually happening to evangelical
Christians in South Carolina, across the South, or anywhere else. It
would never be tolerated. Yet the equivalents of everything cited above
did happen in and around the New York metropolitan area — just not to
white, conservative, Christian Americans. But replace them with American
Muslims in the New York area and you have a perfect fit, as documented
by the recent report Mapping Muslims. And New York is hardly alone.

Since 9/11, American law enforcement has taken a disproportionate
interest in American Muslims across the country, seeing a whole
community as a national security threat, particularly in California and
New York City. But here’s the thing: the facts that have been piling up
ever since that date don’t support such suspicion. Not at all.

The numbers couldn’t be clearer: right-wing extremists have committed
far more acts of political violence since 1990 than American Muslims.
That law enforcement across the country hasn’t felt similarly compelled
to infiltrate and watch over conservative Christian communities in the
hopes of disrupting violent right-wing extremism confirms what American
Muslims know in their bones: to be different is to be suspect.

Conducting suspicionless surveillance

In the aftermath of 9/11, law enforcement has infiltrated Muslim
American communities and spied on them in ways that would have outraged
Americans, had such tactics been used against Christian communities
after the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, or after any of the other hate
crimes or anti-abortion-based acts of violence committed since then by
right-wing extremists.

Documents obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests by the
American Civil Liberties Union make clear that FBI agents in California
used
community outreach programs to gather intelligence at mosques and other
local events, recording the opinions and associations of people not
suspected of any crime. In 2008, the FBI loosened its internal
guidelines further, allowing agents to collect demographic information on ethnically concentrated communities and map them for intelligence and investigative purposes.
There is no question that the most extreme example of such blanket,
suspicion-less surveillance has been conducted by the New York City
Police Department (NYPD). As revealed
by the Associated Press, the NYPD’s Intelligence Division carried out a
secret surveillance program on the city’s varied Muslim communities
based on the erroneous belief that their religion makes them more
susceptible to violent radicalization.

The program, which continues today, looks something like this, according to Mapping Muslims:
“rakers,” or undercover officers, are sent into neighborhoods to
identify “hot spots” — mosques, schools, restaurants, cafes, halal meat
shops, hookah bars — and told to chat up people to “gauge sentiment,”
while setting up “listening posts.” “Crawlers,” or informants, are then
recruited and sent to infiltrate mosques and religious events. They are
ordered to record what imams and congregants say and take note of who
attended services and meetings.

These crawlers are encouraged to initiate “create and capture”
conversations with their targets, bringing up terrorism or some other
controversial topic, recording the response, and then sharing it with
the NYPD. The intelligence unit also went mobile,
checking out and infiltrating American-Muslim student groups from
Connecticut to New Jersey and even as far away as Pennsylvania.

When news of the NYPD’s spying program broke, it shattered trust
within the city’s Muslim communities, giving rise to general suspicion
and fraying community ties of all sorts. This naturally raises the
question: How many terrorism plots were identified and disrupted thanks
to this widespread and suspicionless surveillance program? The answer:
none.

Worse, the chief of the NYPD Intelligence Division admitted
in sworn testimony last summer that the Muslim surveillance program did
not even generate a single criminal lead. The incredibly invasive,
rights-eroding program was a complete bust, a total waste of the
resources of the New York City Police Department.
And that’s without even considering what is surely its most harmful
aspect: the likelihood that, at least in the short term, it has caused
irreparable damage to the Muslim community’s trust in the police.
Surveillance, concludes the Mapping Muslims report, “has stifled
constitutionally protected activity and destroyed trust between American
Muslim communities and the agencies charged with protecting them.”

When people fear the police, tips dry up, potentially making the
community less safe. This is important, especially given that the
Muslim-American community has helped prevent, depending on whose figures
you use, from 21%-40%
of all terrorism plots associated with Muslims since 9/11. That’s
grounds for cooperation, not alienation: a lesson that would have been
learned by a police department with strong ties to and trust in the
community.

Numbers may not lie, but they sure can be ignored

The idea that American law enforcement’s mass surveillance of Muslim
communities is a necessary, if unfortunate, counterterrorism tool rests
with the empirically false notion that American Muslims are more prone
to political violence than other Americans.

This is simply not true.

According to the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), right-wing terrorists
perpetrated 145 “ideologically motivated homicide incidents” between
1990 and 2010. In that same period, notes START, “al Qaeda affiliates,
al Qaeda-inspired extremists, and secular Arab Nationalists committed 27
homicide incidents in the United States involving 16 perpetrators or
groups of perpetrators.”

Last November, West Point’s Combating Terrorism Center published a report
on America’s violent far-right extremists. Its numbers were even more
startling than START’s. “The consolidated dataset,” writes report author
Arie Perliger, “includes information on 4,420 violent incidents that
occurred between 1990 and 2012 within U.S. borders, and which caused 670
fatalities and injured 3,053 people.” Perliger also found that the
number of far-right attacks had jumped 400% in the first 11 years of the
21st century.

It’s highly probable that the FBI drastically undercounts instances
of terrorism perpetrated by right-wing extremists because of cultural
double standards. As the New America Foundation’s Peter Bergen has noted,
attacks associated with anti-abortion or white supremacist ideologies
are rarely, if ever, counted as terrorist attacks. A typical example:
the massacre of worshippers at a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, in August 2012 by a white supremacist.

Simply put, there is an unhealthy obsession among American law
enforcement agencies (and American society at large) with stopping
violence perpetrated by American Muslims, one that is wholly out of line
with the numbers. There is no doubt that the events of 9/11 play into
this — never mind that not one hijacker was American — but there is
something much darker at work here as well. It’s the fear of a people, a
culture, and a religion that most Americans do not understand and
therefore see as alien and dangerous.
The fear of the “other” has wiggled its way into the core of another American generation.

“While vile, all of this speech is protected by the first amendment”

Widespread surveillance and suspicion aren’t the only things American
Muslims have to worry about, feel frustrated by, or fear. They can also
point to the way fellow American Muslims are treated in the larger
criminal justice system.

Since 9/11, the FBI has used tactics that clearly raise the issue of
entrapment in arresting hundreds of Muslims inside the U.S. on
terrorism-related charges. Investigative journalist Trevor Aaronson,
author of The Terror Factory: Inside the FBI’s Manufactured War on Terrorism, did the hard work of compiling and analyzing all of these cases between September 11, 2001, and August 2011. What he found was alarming.
“Of the 508 defendants, 243 had been targeted through an FBI
informant, 158 had been caught in an FBI terrorism sting, and 49 had
encountered an agent provocateur. Most of the people who didn’t face off
against an informant weren’t directly involved with terrorism at all,
but were instead Category II offenders, small-time criminals with
distant links to terrorists overseas. Seventy-two of these Category II
offenders had been charged with making false statements, while 121 had
been prosecuted for immigration violations. Of the 508 cases, I could
count on one hand the number of actual terrorists… who posed a direct
and immediate threat to the United States.”

Those numbers, however damning, still don’t fully reflect the
inequity American Muslims face within the U.S. criminal justice system
when it comes to terrorism allegations. An analysis of two separate but
similar cases offers a clear sense of how terrorism allegations
targeting the American right and American Muslims in the criminal
justice system can end with very different results. The common question
running through two federal terrorism prosecutions — one against a group
of seven anti-government right-wing Christian paranoids, better known
as the Hutaree Militia, and the other against a Massachusetts pharmacist
and Islamic radical — is what kind of speech is protected by the First
Amendment and just who can rest safely under its shield?
In late March 2010, FBI raids led to the arrest of members of the
Hutaree Militia across the Midwest. A Christian Patriot militia, Hutaree
members believed that the end of the world was near and local, state,
and federal law enforcement officers were actually “foot soldiers” in
the “New World Order.” According to thefederal indictment,
Hutaree leader David Brian Stone, Sr., planned the murder of a local
police officer. But that was just to be the bait. When law enforcement
from across the nation attended his burial, the Hutaree would attack the
funeral procession with improvised explosive devices and other homemade
bombs, sparking a revolt against the government.

Seven Hutaree members were charged with at least four felonies,
including seditious conspiracy and conspiracy to use weapons of mass
destruction. Like many post-9/11 counterterrorism investigations, the
case was built via an undercover FBI agent, primarily by using the
violent, antigovernment statements some of the accused made as proof
that a terrorist conspiracy existed. The defendants all filed motions
for a judgment of acquittal, arguing that the government didn’t have
enough evidence to sustain a conviction.
In March 2012, Judge Victoria Roberts agreed with the motions of the
defendants, acquitting all seven on the most serious charges. (David
Stone, Sr., and his son were convicted of weapons-related offenses and were sentenced to time served.) Read Roberts’s decision and it’s hard to disagree with her ruling, which concludes that the plot was all talk among paranoid people.

Referring to Stone Sr.’s anti-government statements, Roberts writes,
“While vile, all of this speech is protected by the First Amendment.”
Ultimately, Roberts concluded, the government’s case was far too flimsy.
“The plethora of inferences the Government asks this Court to make are
in excess of what the law allows,” she wrote. “But the Government
crosses the line from inference to pure speculation a number of times in
this case. Charges built on speculation cannot be sustained.”

Can anyone doubt, however, that if David Stone, Sr., had an
Islamic-sounding name, he, his two sons, and the four other codefendants
would likely be spending the rest of their lives in a federal
penitentiary?

Does the first amendment have a blind spot for Muslims?

Consider the case of 29-year-old Tarek Mehanna. In April 2012, he was
convicted of conspiracy to provide material support to al-Qaeda,
providing material support to terrorists, conspiracy to commit murder in
a foreign country, and lesser charges like lying to the FBI.

According to the federal government’s case, Mehanna and two
associates went to a terrorist training camp in Yemen in 2004 with the
intention of later making their way to Iraq to resist the U.S.
occupation of that country. Mehanna countered that he went to Yemen to
study Islam and learn Arabic. Whatever Mehanna intended, we know that,
in fact, he never made it to any terrorist training camp.

That, however, wasn’t the alleged “crime” the FBI was most interested
in. On his return from Yemen, Mehanna began translating into English
and posting jihadist videos and documents on the Internet advocating
that Muslims defend their lands against American imperialism. One video
was particularly gruesome. It showed the mutilation of the remains of
U.S. personnel in Iraq after the reported rape of an Iraqi girl by an
American service member. After watching it, an associate asked Mehanna
whether there was a way to try the U.S. serviceman suspected of the
crime. Mehanna replied, “Who cares? Texas BBQ is the way to go.”
However grotesque or cruel Mehanna’s Internet activity or talk may
have been, it all constituted First-Amendment protected activity. The
government, however, argued that Mehanna’s online activities materially
supported al-Qaeda, even though Mehanna was known to have rejected
al-Qaeda’s worldview. He did not, among other things, believe civilians
should be targeted in response to the actions of their government
abroad. His belief was clear enough: “Those who fight Muslims may be fought, not those who have the same nationality as those who fight.”

The distinction didn’t matter. Mehanna is currently serving a
171/2-year sentence in a federal supermax prison. His thought crime:
engaging in the same kind of violent but constitutionally-protected
online advocacy regularly engaged in by white supremacists and
anti-government militias on the radical Right.
That, to say the least, is the benefit of the doubt American Muslims
cannot take for granted in the United States more than a decade after
9/11. White Christians rarely have to worry that an informant or
undercover agent has infiltrated their churches, their neighborhoods, or
their student groups. They never have to fear someone watching them and
taking notes. They never have to question whether the new person who
seems so friendly may be just a little too friendly, just a little too
provocative. They don’t have to think twice before they say or post
online something political, controversial, or even violently angry. None
of this is their responsibility, their burden in life, just because
some random person within their community lashes out in the name of God.
And that’s how it should be, for everyone.

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Article 19 of the UN Human Rights Charter explicitly states:"Everyone has the right to freedom of
opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of
frontiers."