No activation needed: The first efficient method for direct α-arylation of non-activated or non-protected family of enolizable ketones with simple aryl iodides employs a catalytic copper system. The method shows potential for the easy and step-economical synthesis of tamoxifen, the most commonly administrated drug for management of breast cancer. R, ...

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, yet the pathways through which this may operate are poorly understood. Therefore, the mechanism underlying cigarette smoke (CS)-induced arterial endothelial dysfunction and the potential link with fractalkine/CX(3)CL1 upregulation were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Stimulation of human ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological demands of Supercross BMX in elite athletes. Firstly athletes underwent an incremental cycling test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and power at ventilatory thresholds. In a second phase, athletes performed alone a simulated competition, consisting of 6 cycling races ...

Blastomyces dermatitidis is a dimorphic fungal pathogen that primarily causes blastomycosis in the midwestern and northern United States and Canada. While the genes controlling sexual development have been known for a long time, the genes controlling sexual reproduction of B. dermatitidis (teleomorph, Ajellomyces dermatitidis) are unknown. We identified the mating-type ...

The Wnt signaling pathways control many critical developmental and adult physiological processes. In vertebrates, one fundamentally important function of Wnts is to provide directional information by regulating the evolutionarily conserved planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway during embryonic morphogenesis. However, despite the critical roles of Wnts and PCP in vertebrate development ...

If one person can be credited with the creation of the infrastructure of modern anesthesiology, that individual would be Francis Hoeffer McMechan. He has been largely forgotten since his death in 1939 despite his remarkable and enduring accomplishments. McMechan edited the first national journal devoted to anesthesiology, created and managed ...

RATIONALE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke and the risk increases with severity of airflow limitation. Even though vulnerable carotid artery plaque components, such as intraplaque hemorrhage and lipid core, place persons at high risk for ischemic events, the plaque composition in COPD ...

Object Arachnoid cysts are a frequent finding on intracranial imaging. The prevalence and natural history of these cysts in adults are not well defined. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of a consecutive series of adults who underwent brain MRI over a 12-year interval to identify those with ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate if flumazenil blood-brain barrier transport and binding to the benzodiazepine site on the γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor complex is altered in an experimental model of epilepsy and subsequently to study if changes in P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux of flumazenil at the ...

Abstract Objectives: Ninety-seven (97) undergraduates with a family history of hypertension participated in a study that evaluated the effects of a brief mindfulness-induction on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to two stressors. Materials and methods: Participants were randomized to either a mindfulness-induction or control condition and were then exposed to the ...

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent endocrine disruptors. OCPs cross the placenta; this prenatal exposure has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated associations between prenatal exposure to OCPs and gestational age and birth weight in 600 infants born between 1960 and 1963. The primary OCP was 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT), its ...

The meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous tissue that plays an important role in controlling complex biomechanics of the knee. A perimeniscal capillary plexus supplies the outer meniscus, whereas the inner meniscus is composed of avascular tissue. Anti-angiogenic molecules, such as chondromodulin-I (ChM-I) and endostatin, have pivotal roles in preserving the avascularity ...

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in physical performance and resting heart rate variability (HRV) in professional futsal players during the pre-season and in-season training periods. 11 athletes took part in the study (age=24.3±2.9 years; height=176.3±5.2 cm; weight=76.1±6.3 kg), and performed a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test [6×40 m (20+20 m ...

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate expectations on and satisfaction with treatment among patients referred for comprehensive treatment to specialist clinics in periodontology and to explore factors associated with satisfaction in regression analysis. Materials and methods. Patients referred for comprehensive periodontal treatment were sampled for the ...

Silicon for solar cells: Relatively pure, polycrystalline, and photoactive silicon was directly obtained from silicon dioxide nanoparticles (NP) by electrodeposition in molten CaCl(2) salt on a silver electrode. This process is based on the formation of liquid droplets of a silver-silicon eutectic alloy and the continuous reduction of SiO(2) to ...

The epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is regulated by a variety of external factors that alter channel activity by inducing conformational changes within its large extracellular region that are transmitted to the gate. The wrist domain consists of small linkers connecting the extracellular region to the transmembrane domains, where the channel ...

The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of autism intervention in China, including history, progress, and current challenges. This qualitative research study included interviews with experienced professionals and observation at autism intervention organizations. Analysis of this empirical data led to three themes regarding this field. First, ...

This final rule updates and makes revisions to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) prospective payment system (PPS) for calendar year (CY) 2013. This rule also sets forth requirements for the ESRD quality incentive program (QIP), including for payment year (PY) 2015 and beyond. In addition, this rule implements changes to ...

AIMS: Systemic complications after cardiac surgery are common in heart failure patients. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms, such as a different local inflammatory response of failing hearts, remain in question. This study examines whether failing hearts respond differently to cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion compared with non-failing hearts (controls). METHODS AND RESULTS: ...

AIM: To compare the diagnostic performance of 320-detector row computed tomographic angiography (CTA) with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and suspected intracranial aneurysms were evaluated from January 2009 to October 2011. All ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a new surgical clamp reduces unfavorable postoperative outcomes. METHODS Patients with trachomatous trichiasis (TT) were randomized to surgery with standard bilamellar tarsal rotation (BLTR) instrumentation or the TT clamp and were followed up for 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative TT, pyogenic granuloma formation, and eyelid ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to assess the short-term effects of stimulant medication use on risk of injury among children diagnosed as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: The study group for this self-controlled case series study was children aged 1-18 years old diagnosed as having ...

Sideritis perezlarae is a plant widely used in folk medicine in the South of Andalusia (Cádiz, Spain). In this work, a phytochemical analysis has led to the isolation and identification of the flavonoid 7-O- β -glucosyl-luteolin from a methanol extract. The total phenol content estimated by Folin-Ciocalteau assay and expressed ...

White-spotting patterns in mammals can be caused by mutations in the gene KIT, whose protein is necessary for the normal migration and survival of melanocytes from the neural crest. The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) blue-eyed white (BEW) phenotype is characterized by 2 blue eyes and a solid white coat over the ...

Targeted genome engineering has become an important research area for diverse disciplines, with site-specific recombinases (SSRs) being among the most popular genome engineering tools. Their ability to trigger excision, integration, inversion and translocation has made SSRs an invaluable tool to manipulate DNA in vitro and in vivo. However, sophisticated strategies ...

BackgroundDecreased level of consciousness is a rare neurological manifestation of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), which typically presents with orthostatic headache. The optimal management of this uncommon presentation remains uncertain.MethodsWe analyzed the presentation, management and outcome of two patients in our institution and reviewed 22 patients reported in the literature with ...

Since the 1993 French consensus conference on uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory diseases (uPID), new antibiotics appeared and bacterial resistances did evoluate. This methodic analysis of the literature updates different aspects of its treatment. Antibiotherapy must be established early (EL3). Inpatient and intravenous treatment is not superior to outpatient and oral treatment ...

Microbial community composition and diversity at a diesel-contaminated railway site were investigated by pyrosequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene fragments to understand the interrelationships among microbial community composition, pollution level, and soil geochemical and physical properties. To this end, 26 soil samples from four matrix types with various ...

AimsHyperglycaemia during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a risk predictor, but attempts to improve the prognosis by insulin-based glucose control have not been consistently successful. Increased glycaemic variability, a potential effect of insulin treatment, has been linked to a worse prognosis in critically ill patients. The present aim ...

BACKGROUND: A cohort of 3,607 workers employed in three DuPont titanium dioxide production facilities was followed from 1935 through 2006. METHODS: Combined and plant-specific cohort mortality was compared with the overall US population and other DuPont employees. The relationships between selected causes of death and annual cumulative exposures to titanium ...

The most common method for determining the hemoglobin concentration is to draw blood from a patient. However, the Radical-7 Pulse CO-Oximeter (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA) can noninvasively provide continuous hemoglobin concentration (SpHb). In our study we compared noninvasive measurements of SpHb with simultaneous laboratory measurements of total hemoglobin in arterial ...

Despite its description some 25 years ago, neurohormonal activation has long been neglected as an important factor in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Neurohormonal activation was interpreted as a necessary compensatory response to maintain cardiac contractility and systemic blood pressure. Therefore, inhibitors of neurohormonal activity (like β-blockers or ...

The mechanism responsible for the redox reaction of [Co(III)(en)3]Ac3 to Co(II) complex has been determined to be intramolecular electron transfer. It was measured in real time by means of sub-picosecond extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectra, EXAFS, and optical experiments and supported by density functional theory calculations. The proposed mechanism ...

Object A considerable body of evidence indicates that inflammation and angiogenesis play a significant role in the development and progression of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). While various experimental and clinical studies have implicated placental growth factor (PlGF) in the processes that underpin pathological angiogenesis, no study has thus far investigated ...

PET and MRI provide complementary information in the study of the human brain. Simultaneous PET/MRI data acquisition allows the spatial and temporal correlation of the measured signals, creating opportunities impossible to realize using stand-alone instruments. This paper reviews the methodologic improvements and potential neurologic and psychiatric applications of this novel ...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disability (LD) can co-occur for a significant minority of children with each disorder. A total of 17 studies (2001-2011) examining ADHD-LD comorbidity were reviewed, revealing a higher mean comorbidity rate (45.1%) than has been obtained previously. Higher comorbidity may be the result of including students ...

The widely used hole-transporting host 4,4',4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) blended with either a hole-transporting or an electron-transporting small-molecule material as a mixed-host was investigated in the phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated by the low-cost solution-process. The performance of the solution-processed OLEDs was found to be very sensitive to the composition of ...

Many objects and events can be categorized in different ways, and learning multiple categories in parallel often requires flexibly attending to different stimulus dimensions in different contexts. Although infants and young children often exhibit poor attentional control, several theoretical proposals argue that such flexibility can be achieved without selective attention. ...