It was during the restoration of the earliest record books (Salem Deeds
(1640- 1701) and digital conversion of the Ipswich Deeds (1638- 1696) that
certain land transfers and other records came to view that stood apart from the
rest. These were records of transactions between the Native American
Indians and the English settlers during the early colonization period of Essex
County. As the research for this project got underway, it was discovered
that the subject of Native American Indian history in Essex County had been
conspicuously lacking from traditional history books. Boxford lawyer/historian,
Sydney Perley, first addressed the subject of Indian deeds in a
1913 documentary. He was a prolific historian with an uncanny vision for those
facts and details, which might someday be of interest to "history buffs", and
therefore he offered theEssex County Indian Land Titles as a focused reference. In his unique style,
he documented their existence, citing each when possible to the Book and Page
reference at the Salem Registry of Deeds.

Today, Perley's valuable reference work, published by the Essex Institute in
Salem, is not well known. This project will build upon it, not only to bring
the subject to light once again, but to substantially expand its
perspective. Since Perley’s effort, additional Indian Deeds have
been identified in the archives of the Registry of Deeds. There is a growing
interest in Native American Indian history, especially focussing in New England
at the point of European contact. It has been generally accepted that
traditional 17th Century accounts of this period fall into two
categories: 1) those Puritanical records which document accomplishments
of the English in 17th century America and 2) those other early descriptions of
the Native Americans, as observed by those early explorers and visitors, who
fell in love with America, as "presented by the New England landscape".

Examples of the first category include works by: John Winthrop, Ipswich's Rev.
William Hubbard, and Increase & Rev. Cotton Mather. Members of the
second category include works by: French explorer Samuel de Champlain, Captain
John Smith, William Wood, Roger William, the "unprincipled adventurer" Thomas
Morton (whose merciless ridicules must be filtered), and finally Daniel Gookin
(Mass Bay Colony's Supt. Of Indian Affairs). An out of period account,
the 19th century work of Samuel Adams Drake can be aligned with the credibility
of the second category. The style of the latter group is
distinguished by the fact that they wrote for the benefit of their fellow
countrymen, without bias or without taking "defensive" positions (as taken by
the Puritans whose agenda was to conquer the land). They also chose
kinder and non-offensive terminology calling the Natives either "Indian" or
"Aberginians" (this is Wood's term for Pennacooks, Passaconaways, and other
tribes in northern Mass. and southern N.H.), not "Savages". Their
physical descriptions of the people and their lifestyles have been accepted as
more credible than the Puritan descriptions.

Since Sydney Perley’s effort, this subject has been visited from many new
perspectives shaped by other disciplines including anthropology, archeology and
ecology. We found some of those 20th Century "contemporary" views
represented in the works of Frank Speck, Charles Willoughby, Warren Moorehead,
Ripley Bullen, Sherbourn F. Cook, Alden Vaughan, Gordon Day, William Cronon,
Frances Jennings, and Peter Leavenworth. These references are
particularly valuable when contemplating the broader issues associated with the
inter-cultural conflict attached to the transfer of land between the Native
American Indians and the Colonists. Such points of view have been
integrated into this project to better prepare readers for a fuller
consideration of the meaning and content of the "Native AmericanDeeds" themselves. All published references used in this
narrative are listed in the back of each section.