Wednesday, December 25, 2013

A couple of weeks ago I stumbled on a post by another Eclipse fanatic. The insect ... oups, blogger, was making fun of people using Netbeans. Well, fortunatly for him there was no comments or reply button on the page because I would have replied and my comment would have been difficult for him to handle:

You might like the chaotic and always in beta look and feel of Eclipse however the biggest problem with Eclipse is its buggy Java compiler.

Some people don't even know this but Eclipse has his own "internal" Java compiler. Netbeans on the other hand uses the JDK supplied compiler. Eclipse's compiler has one advantage over the one in the JDK and that is the granularity of the compiled elements. Eclipse will compile and "link" smaller pieces of code. In a few cases where you have to stop debugging and restart in Netbeans, Eclipse will simply recompile the small bit of modified code and keep the debugging session alive. The problem however is that
the last time I looked there was still a bug in the compiler forcing us to add useless class cast in generic code. To that you might respond that it is not such a big issue. My response to this would be: well one of the benefit of generics is to remove the need for a lot of type casting in the code so for me it is important.
My other response to this would be that it is not the only problem with the Eclipse Java compiler. The reason I switch to Netbeans despite Eclipse being the standard where I work is that for a while in the transition to Java 1.7 the Eclipse compiler would simply not compile my project. This was eventually fixed (a week later) but I simply could not wait a whole week without a working IDE so I switched to Netbeans. I have no problems with that because I have always preferred Netbeans to Eclipse. Aside from what I would call the objective argument (an IDE should compile the code correctly) there is of course a subjective side to my preference for Netbeans. I prefer the more static placement of the Netbeans windows and views. It is flexible enough for me and without feeling chaotic like Eclipse. Also, Netbeans was in front of Eclipse supporting the preview version of Java 1.8 and I would not want to be the guinea pig for the 1.8 internal Eclipse compiler.

Sunday, June 2, 2013

Is using an enum for analyzer family a good way to customize the processing in the client application (CT)

Well the answer in the case of our projet was no.
The stable part of the application ecosystem was the CT and the analysis cycle step in it. Adding an enum that we would then use to skip step in the processing would have made it impossible for us to add new Analyzer class without opening the code of the CT to support the new class.(remember the OCP or Open Close Principle)
What is an API designer to do in such a case ? Well, what we did was define an interface for the steps in the analysis cycle of the CT and implement a kind of Decorator for that in all SM(I) instances. Of course, concrete instances of this interface are provided by the IInstrumentDefinition factory. The main interface for this is something like:

interface IAnalysisSteps
{
void doStep (String stepName);
}

The CT supplies a default implementation of this that is in fact a supertype that looks like this:

The SM(I) implements a version of IAnalysisSteps that will do one of two thing when it gets called:

- Simply call the default implementation of the IAnalysisStepHandler
- Call the skipStep(String) version of the method in the IAnalysisStepHandler

Now SM(I) instances can customize the steps in the CT without actually having to open the code of the CT. What if new analysis steps are added to the CT ? Well, in that case you don't have any choice but to open the CT and to support that you simply have to implement the SM(I) IAnalysisSteps decorator such that if an analysis step is unknown it is skipped. Since this step was originally not present in the CT skipping it should be a good default behavior for old SM(I) instances. I left out some details above like having different parameters for different analysis steps. That however is easily handled using a single additional parameter of type Map&ltINamedParameter&gt. If you don't remember what a INamedParameter is simply look at the previous blog entry.

Wednesday, May 22, 2013

AS you have seen the two main interfaces of the SMF are:
- IInstrumentDefinition: an Abstract Factory that defines methods to get different classes to work with analyzers.
- IInstrument: a Strategy that implements all the steps needed to acquire data from an analyzer. Concrete instances of this are returned by concrete implementation of IInstrumentDefinition dynamically loaded from a .jar file.
The only class that needs to be public (exported) in the SM(I) .jar is the implementation of the IInstrumentDefinition
Now, how do you customize the behaviour of the client application (CA) to work properly with a given SM(I) ? After all, the steps in a analysis sequence of the CA might not all be appropriate for the data returned by a given SM(I).
Would having a method that defines an analyser family be a good idea ? Something like:
Family getFamily()
Where Family would be an enum. Something like:

Monday, May 13, 2013

Another thing that was a big success in the SMF was the use of List and Map(s) (Dictionary in .net). If a class looks like a List, smells like a List and sounds like a list then it probably is a List. This might sound trivial but I have seen project where a class with getters and setters was defined to handle a concept that obviously was a Map. People had to constantly update the interface when new properties where added and the whole thing really was a nightmare. Using data structures such as Lists and Maps makes programming in Java feel much more like dynamic programming. So the IInstrumentDefinition includes a number of methods that actually return unmodifiable Maps. The Maps are generic Map&ltString, INamedParameter&gt where the INamedParameter interface is a little one element heterogeneous container. The INamedParameter defines the name, class and value of a parameter or variable. A Map of those is a nice little package that can easily give access to the List&ltString&gt of INamedParameter names. Once you have the name you can get the actual INamedParameter from the Map.

Saturday, May 11, 2013

In the previous post I gave a summary of the problem to be solved using the Successful Module. I explained that in fact the problem is solved using a Successful Module Framework (SMF) and Successful Module Instances SM(i). The SMF is a library used by the client application (CA) and the SM(i) to interact with each other without building cumbersome circular references and dependencies. In Java all modules are .jar files. At compile time both the CA and the SM(i) know the SMF but they don't know each other. Of course at runtime the CA needs to know how to load the SM(i) but that information is limited to the file location. Once it is loaded the CA interacts with the SM(i) as if it consisted only of classes (more precisely interfaces) defined in the SMF.
The CA loads the SM(i) .jar and looks for a class that implements an interface called IInstrumentDefinition that marks it as the point of entry into the module. In fact the CA knows only interfaces (pure abstract classes in C++) defined in the SMF. This is one of the key to the success of the whole project. No concrete classes in the API. To understand what the IInstrumentDefinition is we need to enumerate some of the interaction between the CA and an analyzer. The CA needs to:
1- Define the value of parameters used by the analyzer (resolution, number of scan, etc...)
2- Find the list of values that a particular analyzer can supply (the data it can return, etc...)
3- Start an acquisition
4- Read the status of the analyzer
5- Read the data at the end of an acquisition cycle
So. Does the IInstrumentDefinition need to supply operations (methods) related to all these interactions ? No, not at all.
In fact it turns out that many of the operations listed above are defined in a separate class called an IInstrument. Things like operation 3, 4 and 5 are defined in the IInstrument. We found that in practice it was very useful to have a specific interface - the IInstrumentDefinition - to define the functions that would provide the more "static" information about an analyzer and that it made sense that this interface be the entry point into the module. We also identified another very important function of the IInstrumentDefinition: Abstract Factory.
The instrument definition is a factory for a host of classes used when interacting with a specific analyzer. Of course the most important of the factory method is the getInstrument() method that returns a IInstrument.

Saturday, April 27, 2013

For the benefit of this blog we will call the module mentioned in the previous post the SM for successful module. Remember that the objective for this module was to make our software capable of acquiring and analysing data from any third party instrument. When thinking about a problem like this many of you might immediately think about the Open Close Principle. If you did not think about this and/or if you do not know what the OCP is, here is a definition:

software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension, but closed for modification

Here is a link to the Wikipedia article: OCP
Trying to satisfy the OCP has a number of implication. One of them is that you should not have to modify the application code each time you want to support a new instrument. So of course the first thing that was decided was that the module should be loaded dynamically at runtime based on information in the application configuration. This is not earth shattering or revolutionary but it is a very useful concept. What we will be doing with the SM is to build a plugin infrastructure for our application instrument interface. Plugin are used in Eclipse, Netbeans and a whole menagerie of applications. In Java this is easy to do you just pack your SM in a .jar. Now the tricky par is to define the API that this jar file should implement. Another more immediate task is to define how the whole thing will be structured in terms of module. Now from the discussion we know that the starting point is this:
Now with a project like this you want to get your dependencies right from the beginning. In the case of this project it is easy to understand that has illustrated on the diagram communication between the two module goes both way. The Application supplies the SM with parameters and possibly other information and the SM returns statuses and results to the Application. We will probably need to allocate objects and possibly implement interfaces on the application side as well as in the SM. The question then is: where do we define those classes and interfaces ? The answer is: in a third module. Now the high level view of the project looks like this:
Now except for the weird looking arrow the elements on that diagram are packages with their dependencies. You have:

1) Application.
2) SM(I). This is a specific SM Instance (I added the I between parentheses to highlight that).
3) SMF the Successful Module Framework

As you can see there is no circular dependency in the standard UML elements. At compile time the APplication depends only on the SMF and the SM(I) also knows only the SMF. Now I added a non UML element (the weird broken arrow not quite connected) to represent the runtime dependencies in the system. I think having this extra arrow makes everything obvious and clean.
In my next blog entry we will continue on our analysis of the SM and SMF. In fact for a while the emphasis will turn on the SMF and the key patterns used in that module the most important being:

- Abstract Factory
- Strategy

Now a closing comment. It goes without saying that before you start on a project like this a good analysis and requirements definition phase is in order. This is beyond the scope of the current thread but we might come back to this or insert a few blog entries about this phase later.

Saturday, April 20, 2013

I work on software that is used to read and analyse data from instruments made by the company I work for: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The software I work on is a client/server type continuous acquisition and analysis software. I work on the server component of that software.
One key component used by the server is the data acquisition component - sometimes called the data acquisition driver. These days data acquisition module is a more appropriate name for it since this component is written in Java and does not really corresponds to what we would call a driver. In the old days, when our software was written in C/C++ the thing really was a driver. However, in recent years the link between the PC and our instrument was changed from a proprietary protocol to good old Ethernet TCP/IP link. Also, in the meantime, software development switched to Java. Of course, all of this is very nice since Java has very good Network communication libraries.
Now, our software is very flexible and has very good data processing capabilities so why not use it to analyse data from other instruments ? Well that's exactly what I was asked to do a few years ago: make our software capable of acquiring and analysing data from any third party instrument. Now, while this may sound like a simple task, doing it right really is not that simple.
In my next few blog entries I'm going to talk about how this problem was solved. Now of course, I'm not going to discuss this at a level of details that could get me in trouble with my employer but this is not a problem since the key to the success of the project are not in the kind of implementation details that could be considered trade secret. No actually the key to the success of this project was using well known and documented good software design principles. I think you will enjoy this.

Thursday, April 18, 2013

Everyone is crazy about Eclipse. Me, I just can't stand Eclipse any more. Version 4.x was supposed to bring working multiple editor window but it just is not working. If you use a second editor window (drag an editor tab on a separate screen) the shortcut keys do not work and operations selected in the menu are simply not applied to the correct screen. I don't need billions of plugin. I need a working editor and just like I can't stand single pane file browsers I simply can't stand an editor that does not properly support multiple separate editor window. I spend most of my time editing code so I'm going back to good old clean and stable Netbeans. Which Java IDE should you use ? Well Netbeans of course.

About Me

I use to spend a lot of my time playing guitar. These days my fingers do a lot more on the computer keyboard than on my guitar.
I also like to read a lot. All kinds of books. Programming, Science, Philosophy, Economy, ...