Hyperandrogenism in women (for example, with polycystic ovarian syndrome) is linked to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease[15]. High T in postmenopausal women is also linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes[9][6].

High endogenous E2 is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes in males and postmenopausal women[9][6].

Low SHBG is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in both males and females[5].

A recent study suggested that women under the age of 45 years who have type 2 diabetes have three times the risk of early menopause compared to women without diabetes[2].

Low total T may be associated with more advanced atherosclerotic disease markers in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes[1].