Vision is the Ultimate Illusion.

Introducing
the "revolutionary"
Dyop® test method of measuring vision

Vision is the
Ultimate Illusion.As you read
these words they are likely on a computerized display. What you are seeing as
letters, lines, and shapes are really pixels of light generated by
the phosphors within the surface of the screen.

Those phosphor pixels are perceived by the photoreceptors of you eye
functioning as biological pixel receptors which combine their response into
giving you the illusion of vision.

Our bodies are biological machines and
vision functions best as an autonomic process. Our eyes developed
as sensors for detecting motion, distance, and colors so that humans could
better detect predators and game, and eat rather than be eaten.
To see most efficiently we have to be totally unaware of the mechanics of
that process.

A Dyop® (short
for dynamic optotype) is spinning segmented ring visual target.Dyop gaps and segments constant rate spin
creates a strobic stimulus of the photoreceptors of the eyes. That
gap/segment strobic stimulus can be used to measure acuity (visual clarity)
and determine refractions. The smallest Dyop diameter ring detected as
spinning creates an acuity and refraction endpoint which not only allows you
to measure vision in black and white, but to also precisely measure vision in
color.

When the
spinning gap/segment area of a Dyop gets too small, that stimulus
is too small for the photoreceptors to detect the motion. The
smallest Dyop stimulus area detected as spinning (the area of about
20 photoreceptors) creates a visual clarity threshold.That threshold can be used by doctors to
measure visual acuity and the refraction endpoint, and is
significantly more precise than staring at letters.

21st Century Vision Can No Longer Rely on 1862
Technology

Our eyes developed primarily as vision sensors to detect
motion, rather than just distance and color, so that humans could detect
predators and game, and to eat rather than to be eaten.Vision “standards” from 1862 are based
upon the cultural ability to detect the size and difference between static
letters such as “E” and “C.” As a result it tends to mistake cognition for
acuity, and improperly and imprecisely “measure” vision.

1862

2018

We see in five variables – motion, height, width, distance, and
color - NOT just in height and distance.“Classical” 1862 based vision tests measure vision in only two
variables - height and distance.“Classical” tests are inherently imprecise because they also use
cultural cognition of shapes as the benchmark rather than the physiological
response of the eye.

How the Dyop test works

The
bioelectrical response of the photoreceptors of the eye functions much as the
pixels in a computerized video camera. Your brain uses the response of about 100 photoreceptors for
every optic nerve going to the brain to create vision and bring that image
into focus.Photoreceptors not only allow you to see in
color (primarily red, green, and blue for most people), but the refresh
rate of the photoreceptors and the saccade process allow you to track changes
in the location of those images.The
comparative focal depth of the red, green, and blue stimulus of those images
regulates the shape of the lens and the focal clarity.

However, we
normally aren’t aware of that photoreceptor strobic stimulus because it would
interfere with being able to see the lines and shapes as transmitted to the
brain. We literally would "see the trees rather than the
forest." The loss of cognition would be the same as if you got
close enough to see the pixels on your monitor. You totally lose the
ability to see the shapes and understand the words. It is also why
fixating on a shape will literally have that shape seem to disappear as
the photoreceptors lose their ability to bio-electronically respond.

Light passes through the lens

to reach the retina

Retina Structure

Epithelium=>4 Neural Layers=>Photoreceptors

Photoreceptors as Pixels

Retina Color Perception

Wavelengths of light

Light => => => Perception

Faster and more accurate visual acuity testing

When using the 1862 Snellen test, and other static image charts
which derived from it, the target letters get increasingly blurry as they get
smaller. Cognition based letters become a guessing game for both
the doctor and patient requiring conceptual processing by the patient as much
as it does visual clarity.

For Dyop testing, as the Dyop diameter (angular width) and
the gap/segments gets sufficiently smaller, the strobic stimulus on the
photoreceptors is no longer sufficiently large enough for the motion of the
gap/segments to be detected. The smallest Dyop diameter (arc width)
detected as moving/rotating creates a visual clarity threshold,
which is used by doctors to measure visual acuity and the
refraction endpoint, and is more precise than staring at letters. The direction of rotation is irrelevant.

The added precision and reliance upon a Dyop physiological
visual response, rather than cognition of European-type letters, provides a
more precise, consistent, accurate, and efficient method for measuring visual
acuity. It also lets the Dyop test be used for people with limited
literacy and very young children.

The History of Vision Measurement

Hundreds of thousands of years ago our eyes
developed as survival tools to spot predators and game. Thousands of years
ago, visual clarity (acuity) was defined by the ability to see the nighttime
gap between two of the smaller stars in the handle of the Big Dipper
constellation.

Stellar Acuity

Static Letter-based Acuity

Dyop Strobic Stimulus Acuity

In 1862 Snellen defined visual acuity as the
ability to identify letters, since reading had become a dominant social
skill.European vision science used
the convenience of black letters on a white background as the acuity
benchmark, although much of what we see is NOT in black and white.Also, only a small portion of the earth’s
population could read European letters, and that letter-based response was,
and is, frequently inconsistent and imprecise.

20/22

20/20

20/18

1862
Snellen Vision Testing

21st Century Dyop® Vision
Testing

The strobic Dyop stimulus lets you sense the pixel response to the
images you are seeing.

Twenty
first century technology is letter-based technology.Today’s visual acuity is primarily measured
by the clarity and ability to read text on an electronic display.Unfortunately, vision science has not kept
up with the precision and demands of 21st century visual needs.

The precisely
calibrated Dyop® tests are intended as a global replacement for Snellen,
Sloan, and Landolt optotypes.

The personal version of the Dyop®
test is intended to measure your visual clarity; however getting glasses or contact lenses requires a refraction performed by
your eye doctor which CANNOT be done on a two-dimensional display such as
a computer.Measure your vision with
the Dyop test using the Dyop Personal Acuity Test,
and if you can’t see clearly enough, GO
SEE YOUR EYE DOCTOR.