..Recent work suggests there are gender effects in HIV/AIDS progression. Here we ask whether the sex steroid hormone beta-estradiol affects the replication of HIV-1 or the efficacy of a common anti-retroviral drug, Stavudine (D4T)...

..These results suggest that in infecting cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, HIV-1 may be benefiting from additional protection against apoptosis caused by specific upregulation of cellular anti-apoptotic genes...

Role of interleukin-18 in human natural killer cell is associated with interleukin-2