A photon is a quantum of light, or the smallest possible packet of light
at a given wavelength. It is emitted by an atom during a transition from
one energy state to another. Photons travel at the speed of light and have
mass and momentum dependent on their frequencies. By classical reasoning a
photon would have the apparent dualistic property of being either a
particle or a wave disturbance. Light is electromagnetic radiation in the
wavelength range extending from about 0.4 micron to about 0.7 micron. Two
sinusoidal oscillations of the same frequency are said to be mutually
coherent if they exhibit a constant phase relationship during the course
of time. For example, a laser is coherent and sunlight is partially
coherent.

It is now well established that all living systems emit
a weak light current of some photons. The discovery was made in 1920s by
Alexander Gurwitsch, a Russian biologist, who called this photon emission
from living cells "mitogenetic radiation," in order to express its growth
stimulating capacity. The intensity of this ultra weak light is nearly
equal to intensively of light of a candle placed at a distance of 10 Km.
Photo electric devices to measure this weak light were developed in 1950s.
Scientists found that the nature of this, weak light emitted by living
cells is different from the sunlight. They called these light photons as
bio-photons.

The pioneering work done by Fritz ï¿½ Albert Popp has
given a deep insight into the phenomenon of bio photon emission. According
to him the purely molecular aspect of life sciences may be only one
necessary step in understanding biology and can never reach the
significance of sufficient and complete explanation. Molecules have no
intelligence, despite the manifold impressive functions that have been
assigned to them. Even the enzymes or messenger molecules have to be
triggered by external energy, i.e. photons which activate the diversion
transition state complexes. These activation energies cover the whole
electromagnetic spectrum. The non-thermal photons provide the right
quantum energies at the right place and right time for the millions of
reactions per second per cell. Thus, one has to stress that (1) It is
impossible that thermal photons may trigger the biochemical reactions in a
living system, and (2) that theoretically only one photon per cell could
be sufficient for activating 109 reactions per second, provided that it
originates from a coherent photon field. If this field is coherent and
non-thermal one, it is theoretically able to borrow the photon energy at
the right time and take it to the right position of the reaction and to
reabsorb it immediately after this event which, in general, takes not
longer than about 10-9 seconds.

Consequently, the weak photon current from biological
systems, which ï¿½ as we know nowadays covers the whole spectrum range at
least from UV to infrared and which we call "bio photons" may well suffice
to take the role of regulating the whole biochemistry and biology of life.
The bio photon emission displays a few up to some hundred photons per
second per centimeter square within the spectral range from at least 260
to 800 nm. It is closely linked to delayed luminescence of biological
tissues which describes the long term and ultra weak reemission of photons
after exposure to light illumination.

What are the consequences of coherence? It results in
properties that are characteristic of biological systems. These include
the high efficiency of energy transfer and transformation which often
approaches 100%; the ability of communication at all levels within cells,
between cells and between organisms capable of resonating to the same
frequencies; the possibility for sensitive, multiple recognition systems
utilizing coherent electromagnetic signals of different specific
frequencies, such as for example, the organization of metabolic activities
within the cell, the operation of the immune network and a host of other
biological functions involving specific recognition between hormones or
ligands and their receptors; and finally, the stable persistence of the
working system arising from the inherent stability of coherent states.

Practically all organisms emit light at a steady rate.
An increasing number of observations from different laboratories all over
the world suggest that bio photons are emitted from a coherent photon
field within the living system. Organisms are thus emitters and most
probably, also receiver of coherent electromagnetic signals which may be
essential for their functioning. When the spectrum of bio photons is
examined, it was found that the light is always in a broad band of
frequencies from the infra-red to the ultraviolet, with approximately
equal number of photons distributed throughout the range. In other words
the distributions does not depend on the wavelength; f( ) = const. This
means that the light is emitted from all kinds of molecules all over the
cell. The living systems store energy (or photon) from 10-10 m to meters
or more, and 10-9 second to days or longer time intervals ï¿½ in a readily
mobilized form. They do not suffer from energy shortage on account of
their high storage capacity within the intricate space-time organization.

Systematic measurement of bio photon emission of the
human body has shown the following results. (1) The left right symmetry of
the human ï¿½ body, (2) biological rhythms such as 14 days, 1 month, 3
months and 9 months; (3) disease in terms of broken symmetry between left
and right side, and (4) light channels in the body, which regulate energy
and information transfer between different parts.

The bio photon emission is indicative of an
endogenous, innate, electromagnetic field pervading the entire organism,
which may act as both sender and receiver of the bio photon that are
"electromagnetic bio ï¿½ information" used in regulating life processes.
These observations, among others, suggest control within the living state
that is non-local and possibly electromagnetic in nature. Many significant
correlations between features of the weak biological light and a number of
fundamental biological processes, such as cell division, death, and major
shifts in metabolism, exist. These correlations may indicate that the
light (electromagnetic field of the organism) is a sensitive, global
expression of biological regulating processes.

The bio photon is trapped and remitted by DNA, which
undergoes physical resonance, resulting in light emission with at least
some coherence. Biological process may be integrated by the endogenous
bio electromagnetic field that has a primary organizational and
informational role. Conformational states of DNA may serve as the
photon storage of the coherent modes of the electromagnetic field within
the cell.

From the bio physical point of view bio photons are
regulating the body in its rather complex functions. The interference
patterns of bio photons originating from the resonance tuning between the
coherent field and biologically matter (preferentially DNA) governs the
availability of energy in a concerted action of the whole. Consequently,
the organizational capacity is reflected by characteristics of bio photon
emission.

The biological and physical activities affecting bio
photons signals belong to the macroscopic class. The sensitivity is such
that a bio photon signal appears to provide faithful reflections of
biological and physiological activities of the emitting system. If it
is true for all macroscopic biological activities, then a bio photon
contains decipherable and digitized signature of all macroscopic
biological activities. Bio photon emission is thus seen a crucial evidence
of a physical basis of life.