3 B. Processing at the receptor level 1. Transduction: converting the stimulus to electrical potential 2. Receptor potential: a graded potential is produced 3. Generator potential: occurs when the receptor potential reaches threshold value 4. Stronger stimuli: cause the delivery of more impulses per second to the brain C. Processing at circuit level: 2 main routes to reach the sensory cortex 1. Nonspecific ascending (antero-lateral) pathways: used by many different receptor types 2. Specific ascending (posterior) pathways: few receptor types use these D. Processing at the perceptual level: the highest and final stage of sensory processing 1. Perceptual detection

6 b. Axon distal to cut dies: (Wallerian degeneration) c. Schwann cells and macrophages: clean up the debris d. Schwann cells: form a regrowth tunnel to guide the axon sprout back to its original site e. Growth rate is 1.5 mm per day 2. The farther the damage is from the cell body, the more likely successful repair will be made. 3. If sprout has to travel too far, may escape from tunnel into surrounding tissue (neuroma) 4. CNS axons do not repair: because oligodendrocytes do not form regrowth tunnels and they release growth inhibiting factors

1. Name the cranial nerves and their Roman numeral. 2. What is Cranial Nerve I called, and what does it 3. Scientists who are trying to find a way to make neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study

The Peripheral Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi ebneshahidi Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Serves as a critical link between the

CHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM 10.1. SOMATOSENSORY MODALITIES "Somatosensory" is really a catch-all term to designate senses other than vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell. Receptors that could

1. Name several SOMATIC SENSES Light touch (being touched by a feather), heat, cold, vibration, pressure, pain are SOMATIC SENSES. 2. What are proprioceptors; and how is proprioception tested? PROPRIOCEPTORS

Peripheral Nervous System Nervous system consists of CNS = brain and spinal cord ~90% (90 Bil) of all neurons in body are in CNS PNS = Cranial nerves and spinal nerves ~10% (10 Bil) of all neurons in body

Chapter 13! The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves! SECTION 13-1! The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, and the cranial nerves and spinal nerves constitute the peripheral nervous system!

Laboratory 08 Peripheral Nervous System Goals: Structure and function of the cranial nerves. 1. List the cranial nerves by name and number. 2. Describe the specific functions of each of the cranial nerves

Lecture 19 revised 03/10 The Somatic Sensory System Skin- the largest sensory organ we have Also protects from evaporation, infection. Skin types: hairy and glabrous (e.g. back vs. palm of hand) 2 major

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System I. Anatomy of the nervous system A. The CNS & the body by: 1. monitoring of the body 2. & information between parts of the body 3. acting as a to gather, store,

Chapter 14: Nervous System Guided Notes (A-day) Nervous System Overview Major Function: Control the body's and. Divided into the Nervous System (CNS=Brain and Spinal Cord) and the Nervous System (PNS=Cranial

action potential A large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber. afferent neuron Nerve cell that carries impulses

Spinal cord Part of the CNS extend from foramen magnum to the level of L1-L2 (it is shorter than the vertebral column) it is covered by spinal meninges. It is cylindrical in shape. It s lower end become

CHAPTER 3 THE STRUCTURE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 3.1. THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. The nervous system of all animals is made up of groups of neurons that receive information from sensory systems,

The How of Tactile Sensation http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter02.html Chris Cohan, Ph.D. Dept. of Pathology/Anat Sci University at Buffalo Objectives 1. Understand how sensory stimuli are encoded

OpenStax-CNX module: m46553 1 The Peripheral Nervous System OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section,

SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEMS: Pain and Temperature Kimberle Jacobs, Ph.D. Sensory systems are afferent, meaning that they are carrying information from the periphery TOWARD the central nervous system. The somatosensory

Unit VIII Problem 3 Neuroanatomy: Brain Stem, Cranial Nerves and Scalp - Brain stem: It is connected to the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres. Rostral end of brain stem: diencephalon is the area which

Autonomic Nervous System DR JAMILA EL MEDANY OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Define the autonomic nervous system. Describe the structure of autonomic nervous system Trace

Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Nervous System Divisions of the nervous system The human nervous system consists of the central nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Objectives! Describe the major structures of the nervous system.! Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted.! Distinguish between the functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.! Identify

1. What does the word innervates mean? Refers to a nerve supplying a muscle or organ. For example, The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm muscle. 2. 3 parts of the Nervous System 1. Central Nervous

Chapter 14, Part 2! The Cerebrum and Cranial pp. 482 505! SECTION 14-9! The cerebrum, the largest region of the brain, contains motor, sensory, and association areas! 2! White Matter of the Cerebrum! 1.

Parasympathetic Nervous System Lecture Objectives Make a list of the components of the system. Make a list of cranial nerves having parasympathetic activity. Describe the parasympathetic ganglia in the

Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Outline Module 14.1 Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System (Figures 14.1 14.3) A. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the involuntary arm of the peripheral

211MDS Pain theories Definition In 1986, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defined pain as a sensory and emotional experience associated with real or potential injuries, or described

PART 2: Spinal Cord Danil Hammoudi.MD The spinal cord is the connection center for the reflexes as well as the afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) pathways for most of the body below the head and neck.

By Dr. Saeed Vohra & Dr. Sanaa Alshaarawy 1 By the end of the lecture, students will be able to : Distinguish the internal structure of the components of the brain stem in different levels and the specific

Spinal Cord Anatomy Authors: SCIRE Community Team Reviewed by: Riley Louie, PT Last updated: Sept 21, 2017 This page provides an overview of the structures of the spinal cord and how the spinal cord works.

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Homeostasis Strand Introduction In general, a nervous system has three overlapping functions : 1. Sensory input conduction of signals from sensory receptors to integration centres 2.

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited

The Nervous System Nerves, nerves everywhere! Purpose of the Nervous System The information intake and response system of the body. Coordinates all body functions, voluntary and involuntary! Responds to