The long-awaited UN-backed agreement that may finally resolve the years-long diplomatic deadlock over the Iranian nuclear program was inked in Tehran on Monday by the foreign ministers of the three states. The deal was reached following talks between Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Turkey’s Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

The Islamic Republic News Agency, IRNA, citing Brazil’s Foreign Minister Celso Amorim, writes that the agreement followed two goals: “Admitting Iran's right to benefit from nuclear energy for peaceful purposes and the need for Iran to provide the global community with guarantees in connection with its nuclear program.”

The leaders of the three countries also signed a joint communiqué, IRNA writes.

“We stress commitment to non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and related materials, distinguishing without any discrimination the right of all the members, including Iran, to produce and use nuclear energy and enrich uranium for peaceful purposes,” the statement reads. “We believe that the nuclear fuel swap will serve as ground for cooperation in all fields, especially peaceful nuclear cooperation, including the establishment of a nuclear power plant and research reactor.”

Iranian foreign ministry spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast told reporters that in a week’s time the Islamic Republic will inform the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on the details of the nuclear swap deal. And then, if an agreement is reached with the so-called Vienna group – made up of the IAEA, France, Russia and the United States – Iran will send the low enriched uranium to Turkey within one month where it would be kept under the UN nuclear watchdog supervision.

The main point of the deal is to prevent Iran from endangering the world by enriching uranium to levels suitable for nuclear weapons production. After sending its uranium to Turkey, the Islamic Republic would in return get nuclear fuel enriched to 20%, which it could use to power the medical research reactor in the capital Tehran.

However, it has not yet been disclosed which country would provide Iran with the fuel rods. According to an agreement proposed in October but dumped by Tehran, the uranium would be sent to Russia and then to France for processing into fuel rods.

Foreign Ministry spokesman Mehmanparast said, IRNA writes, that Iran will continue enriching uranium to 20%. Perhaps it is premature to celebrate the victory of diplomacy in this tangled situation.

So far, no official reaction to the news has followed from Russia or the US. Interfax agency, citing a source in Russia’s Foreign Ministry, writes that Moscow believes it is premature to comment on the deal.

“So far we have not received official information about such understandings and we cannot report any reaction or comment on reports to this end yet,” the source said.

On May 14, President Dmitry Medvedev said that Brazilian leader Lula’s trip to Tehran “may be the last chance” to come to a compromise with the Iranian leadership and avoid UN sanctions. Prior to his visit to the Islamic Republic, the Brazilian president was on an official visit to Moscow.

A number of western governments led by the US have not been enthusiastic about reaching a nuclear deal with Iran because of the political nature of the problem, insists Foad Izadi, a Politics Professor from the University of Tehran. “If they reach a deal with Iran that political pretext is going to be out of their hands.”

US investigative journalist Webster Tarpley told RT that the Iranian nuclear deal brokered by Turkey and Brazil is a disaster for the US strategy aimed at isolating Tehran.

Once the deal between Brazil, Iran and Turkey is signed, Iran hopes that the US and other Western governments will follow suit.

Despite the West being skeptical about the peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear program, the very fact of signing the deal supports the idea that the West has “indirectly accepted the idea that Iran is allowed to enrich uranium inside the country… which is acceptable under international law,” the professor concluded.

The deal is a real breakthrough, achieved after months of tough negotiation, believes Vladimir Sotnikov, a political expert from the Institute of World Economy and International Relations in Moscow, but “we should wait and see until this agreement is really implemented and Iran actually repatriates its uranium to Turkey.”

Sotnikov adds that Turkey is keen to play the middleman role as it wants to develop its own atomic energy industry, with Russian help, adding that “this is actually legitimizing the role of Turkey in developing nuclear power on its own territory.”

Still,he believes that western countries will not be fully satisfied with the deal and will express “a cautious optimism” at best.