PORT-AU-PRINCE -- James swaggers in his crisp blue jeans, a government
ID tag flashing against his Hawaiian shirt. Security Team, Mayor, the badge
says.

''When the government is in trouble, they come to me,'' the 22-year-old
boasts. ``When the president needs some political backup, we organize demonstrations.
. . I take
my men and go.''

Young and brash, James heads one of dozens of so-called grass-roots
organizations in Haiti -- groups that started out seeking to bring basic
rights to the poor and counted among President Jean-Bertrand Aristide's
most loyal supporters.

But he's also a gun-toting gang leader who moves seamlessly between
lunch with the mayor of Cite-Soleil and managing turf wars.

Groups like his have garnered such a reputation for political
violence and terrorizing Aristide's opponents that they are called chimere
-- French for a mythical
fire-breathing monster, a demon with a lion's head, goat's body
and serpent's tail.

Nearly a decade after U.S. troops restored Aristide to power
-- trying to foment democracy in a country plagued by coups d'etat, death
squads and authoritarian rule -- a political gang culture still pervades.

They encourage political support for Aristide's government and
enforce it as well, sometimes using heavy-handed methods -- a threat broadcast
on a live radio show; a
shotgun-shell casing placed in a prominent journalist's mailbox;
a reporter hacked to death with a machete after having an opposition member
on his show.

Haitian immigrants pleading for asylum in Florida have claimed
these groups have beaten them, and forced them into hiding because they
have spoken out against the
government or refused to join the governing Family Lavalas party.

Aristide has denounced the violence these groups cause and suggests
the raucous supporters are actually opponents trying to sully his name.

''It is not easy to distinguish which ones are really supporting
us when they are causing violence,'' Aristide said during an interview
with The Herald in December.

Some also have criticized these groups as mere mercenaries --
paid in cash or with no-show government jobs.

But human rights activists and diplomats complain the organizations
enjoy virtual immunity. They point to the case of gang leader Amiot Metayer
of the Cannibal Army -- an escaped fugitive implicated in a political murder
and accused of burning down dozens of houses in a gang war.

Last month, a judge dropped the last charges against him. Days
later, the burly Metayer burst into a news conference and announced he
was ready to get back into Haiti's political fray.

Analysts also blame the groups in part for the country's crime
problem.

''When you go below the surface, these gangs are heavily involved
in the trafficking of arms, the drug trade,'' said a Western diplomat who
has served in Haiti for several years.

These groups aren't just linked to criminal enterprises, the
diplomat said. "They are one and the same.''

The root support for these groups lies in neighborhoods like
La Saline, the shantytown where Aristide was a parish priest, preaching
liberation theology and advocating
democracy.

Rene Civil, 31, a son of peasant farmers, spent his Sundays at
Aristide's church, St. Jean Bosco. The two became friendly, he said. ''He
was a man of vision. He was
denouncing all that was going on, the repressive structure of
the army . . . We admired his courage,'' Civil said.

Today Civil heads the Youth Popular Power league, which meets
at St. Jean Bosco, even though the church -- an important symbol -- was
all but destroyed in an attack on Aristide's life in 1988.

Civil is one of the most public faces behind these groups. Last
fall, he was behind a protest during which Aristide supporters placed tires
and burning barricades at key
intersections, closing down the capital. Most people stayed
home in fear.

Though he says he is still friendly with Aristide -- a visit
to the National Palace last December was frowned upon by international
observers -- he insists his group is
independent of the government. But he clearly enjoys some ties
to officials: An administrator at the government-run port, Civil showed
up to an interview in a state
telephone company truck, escorted by a man with a pistol strapped
to his thigh who he said worked for the Haitian National Police. Civil
has received threats, he explained, and needs the protection.

Civil works directly with groups from Cite-Soleil, he said, including
the one run by the young gang leader James.

For him, politics is a family tradition -- his parents, both
Aristide militants, were shot by military men for their activism, he said.
He supports Aristide, he added, because he believes the president pays
attention to his neighborhood.

''I'm 22, and I've been able to meet the president . . . my senator.
I've talked to the chief of police,'' James said. ``I never would have
been able to do that before.''

So when armed men stormed the National Palace on Dec. 17, 2001
-- in what the government says was a coup attempt -- the gang leader gathered
up supporters. They stood watch at the back door and exchanged gunfire
as the intruders fled.

''I got this on the 17th of December,'' Duquesne Bauplan, 34,
another Cite-Soleil leader who works for the city sanitation and water
companies, said pointing to a patch of skin puckered up like a kiss on
his belly.

In the wake of the attack, hundreds of Aristide supporters ransacked,
and in many cases destroyed, the homes and headquarters of opposition members.
At least six
people died in the chaos. The Organization of American States,
which called the events one of the most ''awful'' chapters in Haitian history,
later determined the mysterious raid wasn't a coup attempt. Meanwhile,
opposition members cried the palace raid was deliberatedly used as a way
to crack down on Aristide's opponents.

Bauplan and Civil shrug off the name chimere, and its implications.

First, Civil is quick to point out at that the government has
armed opponents -- including a mysterious group of former Haitian army
troops in central Haiti, who have been blamed for several killings, and
attacks on two police stations and a power plant. Recently, former Haitian
army officers were arrested in the Dominican Republic for allegedly plotting
another coup, though they were later released.

''We created real change. They gave us a bad name. They called
us dirty feet, illiterate, ignorant and finally they called us chimere,''
Civil said. ``We became a problem
for them, why? We were in daily contact with the men in power.''