Abstract: Background and Objective: Overexploitation and overfishing is one of the major factors causing depletion or extinction of commercially important fish species. In order to curb this effect, restocking and stock enhancement have been utilized to revive population of numerous species that have gone extinct or threatened in the wild. The reduction in genetic variation within the culture populations has raised worries in the use of culture population for restocking and stocking enhancement. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic variation between cultured and wild Oreochromis niloticus and ascertained whether the cultured species can be used for restocking and stocking enhancement programme. Materials and Methods: In this study, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analysis the genetic variation between 20 samples of cultured and wild Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) species collected from New Bussa, Niger State. Four RAPD primers were used for the DNA amplification which generated a total of 69 band loci ranging from 750-7126 bp for cultured and wild Oreochromis niloticus. Non-parametric analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to estimate the genetic variation of cultured and wild Oreochromis niloticus within populations and among populations, using software GENALEX 6.501 and the diversity and genetic distance was determined using the same software. Results: The average percentage of polymorphic loci for cultured and wild Oreochromis niloticus was 48.87 and 49.34%, respectively. The percentage of molecular variance within and among species for cultured and wild Oreochromis niloticus was 99 and 1%, respectively, indicating the high genetic variation within species and very low genetic variation among species. The total proportion of genetic variation (PhiTP value) was 0.013 and data value was 0.281, PhiPT (0.013)PubDate: 22 February, 2018

Abstract: Background and Objective: Celastrus paniculatus-Willd belongs to the family Celastraceae is an endangered medicinal plant in India. It has potential role in primary health care system and various herbal drug formulations. The curative property of this medicinal plant is mainly due to the presence of various bioactive compounds. The present investigation was focused on the phytochemical screening of in vitro raised clones and mother plant in order to ensure the qualitative chemical similarity. Materials and Methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening such as fluorescence analysis of the leaf powder, fluorescence analysis of leaf extracts and various physiochemical properties of both in vitro raised clones and mother plant were done. To ensure the presence of various secondary metabolites TLC analysis was performed. The developed plates were sprayed with Dragendroff reagent for alkaloids, fast blue salt reagent for detection of phenolic group, ninhydrin for aminoacids and biogenic amines, vanillin phosphoric acid for detection of terpenoids. In order to confirm the qualitative chemical similarity of in vitro raised clones high performance liquid chromatography was performed. The spectral comparison of extracts was recorded by WIN CATS (1.3.4 version) software. The results were recorded and expressed as the Mean±SD for all the experiments. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of leaf extracts of both in vitro raised clones and mother plant exhibited the same result and there was no remarkable difference. TLC based identification of bioactive constituents revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, phenols, glycosides and reducing sugars. The HPTLC profile of the methanolic leaf extracts revealed the true to type nature of in vitro raised clones. Conclusion: The study revealed the presence of various bioactive constituents in both in vitro raised clones and mother plant of Celastrus paniculatus. The qualitative chemical comparison was done by TLC and HPTLC analysis.PubDate: 22 February, 2018

Abstract: Background and Objective: Salinity is becoming a serious problem in the world and a widespread soil problem in rice growing countries. The saline area is 3 times larger than land used for agriculture. The conventional methods of plant selection for salt tolerance are difficult because of the large effects of the environment. The main objective of this study was to develop salt-tolerant rice varieties by identifying suitable parents and genetic diversity analysis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted under Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Initially 80 germplasms were used to evaluate the salinity tolerance at seedling stage at glass-house following IRRI standard protocol. Among them, 12 were found as salt tolerant, 13 were found as moderately tolerant, 29 were highly susceptible and 26 were susceptible by phenotypic analysis. Among them, 25 germplasms were used for molecular study, which carry all tolerant variety found in phenotypic study (Hogla, Jamai Naru, Dakhsail, Patnai, Kute Patnai, Holde Gotal, Bazra Muri, Ghunshi, Tal Mugur, Nona Bokhra, Kashrail and FL378), 7 were moderately tolerant, 5 were highly susceptible and 1 was susceptible. These germplasms were characterized by 3 SSR markers which are RM510, RM585 and RM336. Data were analyzed by POPGENE (version 1.31), Power Marker (version 3.25) and NTSYS-PC (version 2.2). Results: The number of alleles/locus ranged from 10-12, with an average number of alleles of 11/locus and PIC values ranged from a low of 0.8533 (RM336) to a high of 0.8940 (RM585). The average gene diversity of overall SSR loci for the 25 genotypes was 0.8885, ranged from 0.9024-0.8672. Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) dendrogram constructed from Neis (1972) genetic distance produced five distinct clusters of 25 rice genotypes. FL378 of IRRI was used as check variety. It is confirmed that Holde Gotal, Bazra Muri and Hamai were salt tolerant compared to FL378. Conclusion: This scientific information could be used for solution of suitable parents, development of salt tolerant rice varieties, gene identification for salt tolerance and genetic diversity analysis.PubDate: 22 February, 2018

Abstract: Background and Objective: Butea monosperma (B. monosperma) (Lam.) Taub. var. lutea (Witt.), an important and threatened medicinal plant of Fabaceae. It is having potential role in certain biological activities and needs immediate conservation. The present study was focused on establishment of an efficient regeneration protocol and to assess genetic stability among in vitro regenerants. Materials and Methods: In vitro propagation was done on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with varying combination of growth regulators such as benzyl amino purine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) with a concentration ranged from 0.5-3.0 mg L1 in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.2 -0.5 mg L1) for shoot induction. For elongation of shoots, MS medium is supplemented with 0.1-1.0 mg L1 of gibberellic acid (GA3) and for rooting of elongated shoots indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0.5-2.0 mg L1 was used. For clonal fidelity analysis, ISSR-PCR method was used by extracting total genomic DNA from leaves of individual regenerated plantlet and its mother plant by cetyl triammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Results: Multiplication has been achieved through direct adventitious shoot formation from axillary buds of nodal explants at 2 mg L1 BAP along with 0.2 mg L1 IAA. Excised microshoots were elongated on 1.0 mg L1 of GA3, which enhanced shoot length to 80% within 2 weeks of culture (3.21±0.78). The fully elongated shoots were rooted with a frequency 89.65% on MS medium supplemented with IBA at 1.0 mg L1. Rooted microshoots were successfully acclimatized with a survival rate of 78%. Conclusion: The present investigation reports a high frequency regeneration system for its conservation and the reliability of current study was achieved by obtaining the true to type in vitro raised B. monosperma plants which showed monomorphic banding pattern with that of mother plant.PubDate: 22 February, 2018