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In Saunders Lewis gave a radio speech entitled Tynged yr iaith The Fate of the Language in which he predicted the extinction of the Welsh language unless direct action was taken. Lewis' intent was to motivate Plaid Cymru to take more direct action to promote the language; however it led to the formation of Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg the Welsh Language Society later that year at a Plaid Cymru summer school held in Pontardawe in Glamorgan.

With concern for the Welsh language mounting in the s, the Welsh Language Act was passed, giving some legal protection for the use of Welsh in official government business. The Act was based on the Hughes Parry report , published in , which advocated equal validity for Welsh in speech and in written documents, both in the courts and in public administration in Wales.

However the Act did not include all the Hughes Parry report's recommendations. Prior to the Act, only the English language could be spoken at government and court proceedings. Following the defeat of the Welsh Assembly "Yes Campaign" in , and believing Welsh nationalism was "in a paralysis of helplessness", the UK Conservative Home Secretary announced in September that the government would not honour its pledge to establish a Welsh-language television channel, [18] much to widespread anger and resentment in Wales, wrote Dr.

In early over two thousand members of Plaid Cymru pledged to go to prison rather than pay the television licence fees, and by that spring Gwynfor Evans announced his intention to go on hunger strike if a Welsh-language television channel was not established. In early September , Evans addressed thousands at a gathering in which "passions ran high", according to Dr. The Welsh Language Act put the Welsh language on an equal footing with the English language in Wales with regard to the public sector.

The Laws in Wales Acts — had made English the only language of the law courts and other aspects of public administration in Wales. Although the Welsh Language Act had given some rights to use Welsh in court, the Welsh Language Act was the first to put Welsh on an equal basis with English in public life. The Act set up the Welsh Language Board , answerable to the Secretary of State for Wales , with the duty to promote the use of Welsh and to ensure compliance with the other provisions.

Additionally, the Act gave Welsh speakers the right to speak Welsh in court proceedings under all circumstances. The previous Act had only given limited protection to the use of Welsh in court proceedings. The Act obliges all organisations in the public sector providing services to the public in Wales to treat Welsh and English on an equal basis; however it does not compel private businesses to provide services in Welsh: Some of the powers given to the Secretary of State for Wales under this Act were later devolved to the National Assembly for Wales Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru , but others have been retained by Westminster.

At the Urdd Eisteddfod, Lord Elis-Thomas said that there was no need for another Welsh language act, citing that there was "enough goodwill to safeguard the language's future". According to the census the number of Welsh speakers in Wales increased for the first time in over years, with Glyn was commenting on a report underscoring the dilemma of rocketing house prices outstripping what locals could pay, with the report warning that " Much of the rural Welsh property market was driven by buyers looking for second homes for use as holiday homes , or for retirement.

Many buyers were drawn to Wales from England because of relatively inexpensive house prices in Wales as compared to house prices in England. In nearly a third of all properties sold in Gwynedd were bought by buyers from out of the county, and some communities reported as many as a third of local homes used as holiday homes. The issue of locals being priced out of the local housing market is common to many rural communities throughout Britain, but in Wales the added dimension of language further complicates the issue, as many new residents do not learn the Welsh language.

Plaid Cymru had long advocated controls on second homes, and a task force headed by Dafydd Wigley recommended land should be allocated for affordable local housing, called for grants for locals to buy houses, and recommended that council tax on holiday homes should double, following similar measures in the Scottish Highlands. However the Welsh Labour - Liberal Democrat Assembly coalition rebuffed these proposals, with Assembly housing spokesman Peter Black stating that "we [cannot] frame our planning laws around the Welsh language", adding "Nor can we take punitive measures against second home owners in the way that they propose as these will have an impact on the value of the homes of local people".

Reflecting on the controversy Glyn's comments caused earlier in the year, Llwyd observed "What is interesting is of course it is fine for Exmoor to defend their community but in Wales when you try to say these things it is called racist Llwyd called on other parties to join in a debate to bring the Exmoor experience to Wales when he said " I really do ask them and I plead with them to come around the table and talk about the Exmoor suggestion and see if we can now bring it into Wales".

By spring both the Snowdonia National Park Welsh: Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Penfro authorities began limiting second home ownership within the parks, following the example set by Exmoor. It seems that the rise of Welsh nationalism rallied supporters of the language, and the establishment of Welsh television and radio found a mass audience which was encouraged in the retention of its Welsh. Perhaps most important of all, at the end of the 20th century it became compulsory for all schoolchildren to learn Welsh up to age 16, and this both reinforced the language in Welsh-speaking areas and reintroduced at least an elementary knowledge of it in areas which had become more or less wholly Anglophone.

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The decline in the percentage of people in Wales who can speak Welsh has now been halted, and there are even signs of a modest recovery. However, although Welsh is the daily language in many parts of Wales, English is universally understood. Further, overall figures may be misleading and it might be argued that the density of welsh speakers which, if high, leads to a thriving welsh culture is an equally important statistic. In the census it was recorded that the proportion of people able to speak Welsh had dropped from Despite an increase in the overall size of the Welsh population this still meant that the number of Welsh speakers in Wales dropped from , in to , in However this figure was still much higher than , or From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Welsh language schemes

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The changing fortunes of the Welsh Language in the Twentieth Century. University of Wales Press. Bethesda and Dinorwig were the largest slate quarries in the world and the largest industrial concerns in North Wales. It was also the language of the quarry communities. Many of the leading Welsh literary figures of the late 19th and 20thC had their roots in these quarrying communities - e.

Kate Roberts ; T. Even in the industrial south east, the continuing strength of the Welsh language led the Independent Labour Party in to include Welsh language pages in the Merthyr Pioneer - edited at Keir Hardie 's request by Thomas Evan Nicholas Niclas y Glais. Histories of the world's languages.

Retrieved from " https: Welsh language Language histories. Pages using Timeline Articles needing additional references from July All articles needing additional references Articles containing Welsh-language text Use dmy dates from July Views Read Edit View history. This page was last edited on 23 December , at It seems impossible to prove, however, that any poem must go back to the sixth century linguistically and cannot be a century or more later. Scholarly English translations of all these are available in Poems from the book of Taliesin and the modern anthology The Triumph Tree.

Among probably less archaic but still early texts, the manuscript also preserves a few hymns, a small collection of elegies to famous men such as Cunedda and Dylan Eil Ton and also famous enigmatic poems such as The Battle of Trees , The Spoils of Annwfn in which the poet claims to have sailed to another world with Arthur and his warriors , and the tenth-century prophetic poem Armes Prydein Vawr. Several of these contain internal claims to be the work of Taliesin, but cannot be associated with the putative historical figure. Many poems in the collection allude to Christian and Latin texts as well as native British tradition, and the book contains the earliest mention in any Western post-classical vernacular literature of the feats of Hercules and Alexander the Great.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the medieval Welsh manuscript. For other uses, see Taliesin disambiguation. Legendary Poems from The Book of Taliesin. Prophecies from The Book of Taliesin.