This study will provide the range of Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density (ENFD) typically seen in Thai individuals. ENFD values from Thai HIV-negative subjects without neuropathy will be used as appropriate reference norm for Thai HIV-positive subjects. In particular, comparison of ENFD values from Thai HIV-negative subjects with baseline ENFD values in Thai HIV-positive subjects prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) will allow examination of the effect of HIV per se on ENFD. ENFD from Thai HIV-positive subjects on long-term d4T (stavudine) with and without neuropathy will also provide reference ENFD values at the extremes of the disease process i.e. extent of ENFD decrease in subjects with d4T-induced symptomatic neuropathy and in subjects completely free of disease despite d4T treatment for comparison with Thai HIV-positive subjects on short-term d4T in SEARCH 003 study.

The range of changes in epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD), subcutaneous fat, and mitochondrial function induced by stavudine (d4T)-based therapy is currently not known, globally or specifically in the Thai population. This study will evaluate ENFD and subcutaneous fat and peripheral blood mitochondrial parameters in 4 groups of subjects. Group 1 will include Thai HIV-positive subjects on long-term d4T treatment with symptomatic peripheral neuropathy. Group 2 will include Thai HIV-positive subjects on long-term d4T treatment without peripheral neuropathy. Group 3 will include HIV-negative subjects without peripheral neuropathy.Group 4 will include Thai HIV-positive subjects on long-term d4T treatment with asymptomatic peripheral neuropathy. Information gained from Thai HIV-positive subjects on long-term d4T treatment with and without neuropathy in this study will provide range of positive control values for subjects in the SEARCH 003 study and other studies looking at the influence of antiretroviral agents on peripheral nerve, fat, and mitochondria. Information gained from Thai HIV-negative subjects without neuropathy can be used as negative control values for subjects in the SEARCH 003 study and other studies looking at the influence of HIV or other diseases/pathogens on peripheral nerve, fat, and mitochondria.

Hypothesis

HIV-positive patients who have been on long-term d4T treatment with symptomatic peripheral neuropathy will have less ENFD, increased lipoatrophy, and altered mitochondrial function than those on long-term d4T treatment with asymptomatic peripheral neuropathy and those on long-term d4T treatment without peripheral neuropathy.

HIV-negative patients without peripheral neuropathy will have more ENFD, no lipoatrophy, and better mitochondrial function than HIV-positive patients.

The SEARCH 003 study will assess the extent of deterioration in ENFD induced by short-term (from entry to 24 weeks) d4T use and the degree of improvement following discontinuation of d4T (from week 24 to 72). However the range of changes in ENFD and in other mitochondrial parameters induced by d4T-based therapy in not known, globally or specifically in the Thai population.

Group 2 subjects will meet the same criteria described above for group 1 subjects, but will NOT have symptoms OR signs of neuropathy.

Group 3 subjects will meet the same criteria described above for group 1 subjects, but will NOT have symptoms OR signs of neuropathy and will have documented

Group 4 subjects will meet the same criteria described above for group 1 subject, but will have evidence of symptomatic persistent symptoms of pain, tingling or numbness of lower extremities.

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Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01178684