49 Or, "which are now attributed to Novius." Novius was a writer of that kind of farce called "Atellanae favulae;" and one of his farces - or one attributed to him in Tertullian's day - was called "The Fullers."

50 i.e., cynical; comp. de Pa., c. ii. ad init.

51 i.e., Domitian, called by Juv. calvum Neronem, Sat. iv, 38.

52 Alexander.

53 Comp. de Idol., c. viii. med.

54 i.e., one who affects Tyrian - dresses in Tyrian purple.

55 Empedocles (Salm. in Oehler).

56 I have adopted Oehler's suggestion, and inserted these words.

57 i.e., of Cloacina or Cluacina (= "the Purifier," a name of Venue; comp. White and Riddle), which Tertullian either purposely connects with "cloaca," a sewer (with which, indeed, it may be really connected, as coming derivatively from the same root), and takes to mean "the nymphs of the sewers" apparently.

58 The nymphs above named (Oehler).

59 i.e., are worn by his votaries.

60 i.e., Christianity. Cf. 1 Cor. ii. 6, 7.

61 Toga.

62 Or, "forcipes."

63 Of course the meaning is, "on the doffing of which a man congratulates himself more," etc.; but Tertullian as it were personifies the act of doffing, and represents it as congratulating the doffer; and I have scrupulously retained all his extravagances, believing them (in the present treatise at least) to be intentional.

64 A Cynic philosopher.

65 "Inhumano;" or, perhaps, "involving superhuman effort."

66 Oehler attempts to defend the common reading, "humerum velans exponit vel includit;" but the correction of Salmasius and Lud. de la Cerda which he quotes, "vel exponit," is followed in preference. If Oehler's reading be retained, we may render: "a covering for the shoulder, it exposes or encloses it at will."

67 i.e., the "shoeing" appropriate to the mantle will consist at most of sandals; "shoes" being (as has been said) suited to the gown.

68 "Erat." - Oehler, who refers to "errat" as the general reading, and (if adopted) renders: "This sentiment errs (Or wanders) in all directions;" making olim = passim.