Tools

"... Copyright c ○ 2005 by Cambridge University Press. This material is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University ..."

Copyright c ○ 2005 by Cambridge University Press. This material is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University

"... In tree-based multicast systems, a relatively small number of interior nodes carry the load of forwarding multicast messages. This works well when the interior nodes are highly available, d d cated infrastructure routers but it poses a problem for application-level multicast in peer-to-peer systems. ..."

In tree-based multicast systems, a relatively small number of interior nodes carry the load of forwarding multicast messages. This works well when the interior nodes are highly available, d d cated infrastructure routers but it poses a problem for application-level multicast in peer-to-peer systems. SplitStreamadV esses this problem by striping the content across a forest of interior-nodno# sjoint multicast trees that d stributes the forward ng load among all participating peers. For example, it is possible to construct efficient SplitStream forests in which each peer contributes only as much forwarding bandH d th as it receives. Furthermore, with appropriate content encod ngs, SplitStream is highly robust to failures because a nod e fai ure causes the oss of a single stripe on average. We present thed#' gnand implementation of SplitStream and show experimental results obtained on an Internet testbed and via large-scale network simulation. The results show that SplitStreamd istributes the forward ing load among all peers and can accommod'9 peers with different band0 d capacities while imposing low overhead for forest constructionand maintenance.

"... Virtual reality (VR) is typically defined in terms of technological hardware. This paper attempts to cast a new, variable-based definition of virtual reality that can be used to classify virtual reality in relation to other media. The defintion of virtual reality is based on concepts of "presen ..."

;presence" and "telepresence," which refer to the sense of being in an environment, generated by natural or mediated means, respectively. Two technological dimensions that contribute to telepresence, vividness and interactivity, are discussed. A variety of media are classified according to these dimensions

"... of tiny networked devices that communicate untethered. For large scale networks it is important to be able to dynamically download code into the network. In this paper we present Contiki, a lightweight operating system with support for dynamic loading and replacement of individual programs and servi ..."

of tiny networked devices that communicate untethered. For large scale networks it is important to be able to dynamically download code into the network. In this paper we present Contiki, a lightweight operating system with support for dynamic loading and replacement of individual programs

"... Instrumenting the physical world through large networks of wireless sensor nodes, particularly for applications like environmental monitoring of water and soil, requires that these nodes be very small, light, untethered and unobtrusive. The problem of localization, i.e., determining where a given no ..."

in these networks. In this paper, we review localization techniques and evaluate the effectiveness of a very simple connectivity-metric method for localization in outdoor environments that makes use of the inherent radio-frequency (RF) communications capabilities of these devices. A fixed number of reference points

"... This paper describes the concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of microelectro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics. First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications are explored, and a review of fact ..."

This paper describes the concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of microelectro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics. First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications are explored, and a review

"... eberhart @ engr.iupui.edu A concept for the optimization of nonlinear functions using particle swarm methodology is introduced. The evolution of several paradigms is outlined, and an implementation of one of the paradigms is discussed. Benchmark testing of the paradigm is described, and applications ..."

, and applications, including nonlinear function optimization and neural network training, are proposed. The relationships between particle swarm optimization and both artificial life and genetic algorithms are described, 1

"... A common problem encountered in such disciplines as statistics, data analysis, signal processing, and neural network research, is nding a suitable representation of multivariate data. For computational and conceptual simplicity, such a representation is often sought as a linear transformation of the ..."

A common problem encountered in such disciplines as statistics, data analysis, signal processing, and neural network research, is nding a suitable representation of multivariate data. For computational and conceptual simplicity, such a representation is often sought as a linear transformation

"... In area F5 of the monkey premotor cortex there are neurons that discharge both when the monkey performs an action and when he observes a similar action made by another monkey or by the experimenter. We report here some of the properties of these 'mirror' neurons and we propose that their a ..."