Orthodox Patriarch
Meletius I of Alexandria succeeds Silvester.
JapanJapan is united by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
The Spanish are pushed out of southern Gelderland, by the Dutch
forces.
A group of English merchants gains the right to trade in Ottoman
territory, in return for supplying the sultan with iron, steel, brass
and tin for his war with Persia.

1591[edit]
This section is transcluded from 1591. (edit history)
January–June[edit]

MarchMarch 13 – Battle of Tondibi: In Mali, forces sent by the Saadi
Dynasty ruler of Morocco, Ahmad al-Mansur, and led by Judar Pasha,
defeat the Songhai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least five
to one.
April 10 – English merchant
James LancasterJames Lancaster sets off on a voyage to
the East Indies.[1]
April 21 – Japanese tea-master
Sen no Rikyū commits seppuku, on the
order of Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
MayMay 15 – In Russia, Tsarevich Dimitri, son of the Ivan the Terrible,
is found dead in mysterious circumstances, at the palace in Uglich.
The official explanation is that he has cut his own throat during an
epileptic seizure. Many believe he has been murdered by his rival,
Boris Godunov, who becomes tsar.
MayMay 24 – Sir John Norreys, with an expeditionary force sent by Queen
Elizabeth I of England, takes the town of
GuingampGuingamp after a brief
siege, on behalf of Henry of Navarre.
MayMay 30 –
TimbuktuTimbuktu is captured by an expedition of Arma people, sent
by the Saadi ruler of Morocco, and led by Judar Pasha.
MayMay 30 –
ZutphenZutphen is captured by the Dutch and English, under Maurice
of Nassau.
June 10 –
DeventerDeventer is captured by the Dutch, under Maurice of
Nassau.

July–December[edit]

July 25 –
Maurice of Nassau and Francis Vere defeat the Duke of
Parma, outside Nijmegen.
July 22 – The Durtnell (Dartnell) Family of Brasted, Kent, England,
begin to work as building contractors. They will still be functioning
under the twelfth generation of the family, in the 21st century.[2]
AugustAugust – Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex leads an English army in
support of the
ProtestantProtestant Henry IV of France, at the Siege of
Rouen.[1]
August–September

During this year's Atlantic hurricane season, probably the most severe
of the pre-1600 seasons, at least eight intense hurricanes occur.

1592[edit]
This section is transcluded from 1592. (edit history)
January–June[edit]

January 30 –
PopePope Clement VIII (born Ippolito Aldobrandini) succeeds
PopePope Innocent IX, who died one month earlier, as the 231st pope.
February 7 – George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, sets fire to
DonibristleDonibristle Castle in Scotland, and murders James Stewart, 2nd Earl of
Moray.
MarchMarch 3 – Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland's oldest university, is
founded.
MarchMarch 14 – Ultimate Pi Day: the largest correspondence between
calendar dates and significant digits of pi, since the introduction of
the Julian calendar.
April 4 – The future Henry IV of France, King designate of Henry III
of France, announces in a declaration, so-called "Expedient," his
intention to take instruction in, and convert to, the Catholic
religion.
April 13 – The
Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) begin, with
the Siege of Busanjin.
April 24 – Battle of Sangju: The Japanese are victorious over the
Koreans (Joseon).
April 28 – Battle of Ch'ungju:
JapanJapan inflicts a decisive defeat on
Korea.
MayMay 7 – Battle of Okpo: The Korean navy is victorious over Japan.
MayMay 29 – Battle of Sacheon: Korean admiral
Yi Sun-sinYi Sun-sin destroys all
13 Japanese ships taking part, using his improved turtle ship for the
first time in battle.
June 2 – Battle of Dangpo:The Korean navy is again victorious over
Japan.
June 10 -
June 19 – Siege of Bihać in the Kingdom of Croatia, by
Hasan Pasha Predojević of the Ottoman Empire. Bihać is captured and
lost for
CroatiaCroatia forever.

July–December[edit]

July 8 – Battle of Hansan Island: Korean admiral
Yi Sun-sinYi Sun-sin destroys
or captures around 60 Japanese ships without loss, in a battle in
which around 190 ships take part.
July 20 – The Japanese capture the Korean capital Pyongyang, causing
Seonjo to request the assistance of
Ming DynastyMing Dynasty Chinese forces, who
recapture the city a year later.
July 30 –
Alonso de SotomayorAlonso de Sotomayor petitions the viceroy of
PeruPeru for more
troops, to help resist attacks by Indians and English pirates.
AugustAugust 9 – English explorer John Davis, commander of the Desire,
probably discovers the Falkland Islands.
AugustAugust 14 – Battle of Hansan Island: The Korean navy defeats the
Japanese.
AugustAugust 15 (or 19) – The great Portuguese carrack, Madre De Deus,
captured in a fierce battle in the Azores, enters Dartmouth harbour on
7 September, and is then subjected to mass theft.
September 1 – Battle of Busan: The Korean fleet makes a surprise
attack on the Japanese, but fails to break their supply lines to
Busan.
October 5 – Siege of Jinju: The Korean navy is victorious over the
Japanese.
November 3 - The city of
San Luis PotosíSan Luis Potosí is founded.
November 17 – John III is succeeded by his son Sigismund, as King of
Sweden.

Mihai ViteazulMihai Viteazul becomes prince of Walachia.
Henry Constable's Spiritual Sonnetts are written.
The book Controversiae is written by Robert Bellarmine.
c. 1593-
16041604 - According to John Warwick Montgomery, the Rosicrucian
manifestos are initially composed by Tobias Hess, in anticipation of
the opening of the vault in 1604, according to Simon Studion's
apocalyptic timetable.

1594[edit]
This section is transcluded from 1594. (edit history)
January–June[edit]

June 5 – First voyage of
Willem BarentsWillem Barents in the Arctic Ocean in
search of the Northeast Passage.
June 11 – Philip II of
SpainSpain recognizes the rights and privileges of
the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paves the
way for the stabilization of the rule of the Principalía.
JuneJune 24–
July 1 – Action of San Mateo Bay: English privateer
Richard HawkinsRichard Hawkins in the Dainty is attacked and captured by a Spanish
squadron off Esmeraldas, Ecuador.

Carnival – Jacopo Peri's Dafne, the earliest known modern opera, is
premièred at the Palazzo Corsini, Florence.[11]
PentecostPentecost –
CalvinistCalvinist congregations in
ZürichZürich introduce music into
their services.[12]
Philosopher
Tommaso CampanellaTommaso Campanella organizes an uprising in Calabria
against the rule of the Spanish viceroy; he is captured, tortured and
sentenced to 27 years in jail.
The Parliament of
EnglandEngland passes the Vagabonds Act, that allows
transportation of convicts to colonies.
Illustrations of Ottoman Turkish and European riflemen, with detailed
illustrations of their firearms, appear in Zhao Shizhen's book
Shenqipu in this year, during the
Ming DynastyMing Dynasty of China.

1599[edit]
This section is transcluded from 1599. (edit history)
January–June[edit]

JanuaryJanuary 8 – The
JesuitJesuit educational plan, known as the Ratio
Studiorum, is issued.
MarchMarch 12 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, by Queen Elizabeth I of England.
April – The Italian city of
PompeiiPompeii is rediscovered more than 1,500
years after its burial following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79.
April 23 – The Earl of Essex arrives in
DublinDublin at the head of 16,000
troops, the largest army ever seen in Ireland.
MayMay 16 – The
KalmarKalmar Bloodbath takes place in Kalmar, Sweden.
MayMay 29 – Essex takes Cahir Castle, supposedly the strongest in
Ireland, after a short siege.
JuneJune 20 – The
Synod of DiamperSynod of Diamper is convened.