1405 in history

1405 events chronologically

Richard le Scrope, the Archbishop of York, and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, are executed in York on Henry IV's orders

Jul 11

Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time

Nov 17

Sharif ul-Hāshim establishes the Sultanate of Sulu

Born in 1405

Feb 8

Constantine XI Palaiologos
the last reigning Byzantine Emperor, reigning as a member of the Palaiologos dynasty from 1449 to his death in battle at the fall of Constantinople.
Following his death, he became a legendary figure in Greek folklore as the "Marble Emperor" who would awaken and recover the Empire and Constantinople from the Ottomans. His death marked the end of the Roman Empire, which had continued in the East for 977 years after the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Mar 6

John II of Castile
King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454.

Oct 18

Pope Pius II
Pope from 19 August 1458 to his death in 1464.
He was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but decayed family. His longest and most enduring work is the story of his life, the Commentaries, which is the only autobiography ever written by a reigning Pope. He is also known for his erotic writings done before he was ordained a priest

Died in 1405

Feb 18

Timur
a Turko-Mongol conqueror and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia.
Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana during the 1320s or 1330s, he gained control of Western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. From that base, he led military campaigns across West, South and Central Asia and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, the emerging Ottoman Empire and the declining Sultanate of Delhi. From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire, although it fragmented shortly after his death. He is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian steppe, and his empire set the stage for rise of the more structured and lasting gunpowder empires in the 1500s and 1600s.:1

Mar 16

Margaret III Countess of Flanders
the last Countess of Flanders of the House of Dampierre, Countess of Artois and Countess Palatine of Burgundy and twice Duchess consort of Burgundy.

May 29

Philippe de Mézières
born at the chateau of Mézières in Picardy.

Jun 20

Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan
the third surviving son of King Robert II of Scotland and youngest by his first wife, Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan.
He was the first Earl of Buchan since John Comyn, from 1382 until his death. Alexander married the widowed Euphemia I, Countess of Ross, but they had no children although he did have a large family by his longtime mistress, Mairead inghean Eachann. Alexander was Justiciar of Scotia for a time, but not an effective one. He held large territories in the north of Scotland before eventually losing a large part of them. Alexander is remembered for his destruction of the royal burgh of Elgin and its cathedral. His nickname was earned due to his notorious cruelty and rapacity but there is no proof that it was used during his lifetime

Aug 19

Jan III of Oświęcim
a Duke of Oświęcim since 1376 until his death.

Nov 11

Princess Milica of Serbia
a royal consort of Serbia.
Her husband was Serbian Prince Lazar and her children included despot Stefan Lazarević, and Jelena Lazarević, whose husband was Đurađ II Balšić. She is the author of "A Mother's Prayer" and a famously moving poem of mourning for her husband, My Widowhood's Bridegroom