National Development Planning Agency

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1National Development Planning AgencyRepublic of IndonesiaMAINSTREAMING Disaster risk reduction IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND BUDGETING SYSTEM: CASE OF INDONESIADr. Suprayoga HadiDirector for Special Area and Disadvantaged Region, National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), Republic of IndonesiaNational Project Director of Safer Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction in Development (SCDRR), a cooperation between Government of Indonesia and UNDP2nd Session of Global Platform for Disaster Risk ReductionGeneva, Switzerland, June 2009

2Indonesia as a Disaster Prone CountryWith Indonesia’s more than 18,000 islands along the Pacific “ring of fire” of active volcanoes and tectonic faults, the recent disaster is a reminder of the natural perils facing this expansive archipelagoConsist of approx. 224 million inhabitants, disproportionately distributed, comprises a mix ethnicities, community groups, religious denominations, customs and traditionsFlood and landslides also very common in the forest fringe areas in the rainy season with number of causalities and damaged settlements (N Sumatra, Kalimantan, Central and East Java, and Sulawesi)Most of the main river banks are crowded with low-income squatter with high population density, increasing uncontrolled sedimentation383 out of 483 districts/cities are disaster prone areas, for the reason of high number of population, high density areas with unevenly population distribution, high income disparity, increasing percentage of building coverage at urban and settlement area, decreasing water and sanitation qualityEarly warning system is not ready available and ready to lowering the risk and impact in the prone areas of disasters, such as earthquake, landslides, and droughtImplementation of spatial plan for land use management were somewhat inconsistent and contributed to the high risk of natural disaster .The policy, legal or regulatory framework is not fully in place that makes disaster risk reduction a normal part of the decentralized, local level development process.

3Issues on Natural Disaster in Indonesia130 Active volcanoes  potency to volcanic hazardsRecent Earthquake in IndonesiaYogyakarta-Central Java, June 2006Bengkulu-West Sumatera, September 2007Gorontalo-Central Sulawesi, December 2008West Papua, January 2009TsunamiRecent tsunami in IndonesiaYearLocationNo of casualty (people)1992Flores Tsunami1,9501994East Java Tsunami2381996Irian Jaya Tsunami1102004Indian Ocean Tsunami283,0002006West Java Tsunami645Floods:Natural Factor (topography, high tide, rainfall)Man-made Factor (change in land use, squatter area in river banks, decrease in river capacities affected by the pile of garbage and lack of maintenance, increase of sedimentation rate, etc)

5Regulatory and Institutional Reform on DRR and Climate ChangeLaw No 24 year 2007 on Disaster ManagementLaw No 26 year on Spatial PlanningLaw No 27year 2007 on Small Islands and Coastal ManagementGovernment Regulation (GR) No 21/2008 on DM Operations, GR No 22/2008 on Funding & Management of Disaster Assistance, GR No 23/2008 on Participation of International Institutions and Foreign Non-Government Institution in DMGR No 26 / on National Spatial PlanningPresidential Regulation No 8 / 2008 on NDMA (BNPB)Presidential Regulation Nr 46 / 2008 on National Council for Climate ChangeMinistry of Home Affairs Regulation No 46/2008 on BPBD Organization and Works MechanismHead of BNPB Regulation No 3/ 2008 on BPBDRegulatory FrameworkInstitutional FrameworkEstablishment of BNPBEstablishment of BPBD in a number of provincial and district / city levelsEstablishment on National Platform on DRREstablishment of National Council for Climate ChangeEstablishment of Mitigation Forum (led by Min of Marine & Fisheries)

6Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change into Development Planning SystemLong-term Development Planning (RPJP) 2005 – 2025:RPJP 2005 – 2025 has identified CC as a critical challenge to Indonesia. Under the Development Direction: Terwujudnya Indonesia yang Asri dan Lestari (Everlasting Indonesia), the Plan highlights the various disasters caused by extreme climatic events in Indonesia, including the recent floods and droughts that have brought about heavy losses to national economyMainstreaming CC and DRR into RPJMN 2005 – 2009 :Natural Resources Protection and Conservation, with main activities including :Review of policies on natural resource protection and conservationProtection of natural resources against uncontrolled exploitationProtection against forest firesManagement and protection of biodiversity against extinction, on land, coasts and sea.Partnership building with universities, local communities, NGO and private sector for the protection and conservation of natural resourcesSpatial planning and zoning for the protection of natural resources, especially in areas prone to tectonic earthquakes, tsunami, floods, drought and other hazards.Program to Develop Capacity in Natural Resources and Environmental ManagementProgram to Improve Quality and Access of Information on Natural Resources and Environment

7Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change into Development Priority in 2007-2009PolicyNational PriorityFocusPresidential Regulation No. 19 / 2006 on Annual Government Work Plan (RKP)for 2007Priority VII:Disaster Mitigation and ManagementFocus 3: Institutional Strengthening for the Disaster Prevention and Management at the National and Local LevelFocus 4: Disaster Prevention and Disaster risk reductionPresidential Regulation No. 18 / 2007 on Annual Government Work Plan (RKP)for 2008Priority VIII:Disaster Management, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Improvement of Contagious Disease EradicationFocus 2: Elaboration of the national action plan for disaster risk reductionFocus 3: Development of institutional and human resource capacity in disaster mitigation and early warning systemFocus 4: National and local spatial planning based on disaster risk reductionPresidential Regulation No. 38 / 2008 on Annual Government Work Plan (RPK) for 2009Priority II:Acceleration of Economic Development through Fortification of Economic Resilience Supported by Agriculture DevelopmentFocus 5: Strengthening Capacity in Global Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

8GoI Current Policies on DMLAW on DM No. 24 / 2007Changing paradigm in DM:National and Local Plan for DMNational and Local Action Plan for DRRFunding Arrangement for DM:- National Budget- Local Budget- Private sectors and/or community- International Donors and NGOsPP 21/2008 onDM ArrangementPP 22/2008 on DM FinancingPP 21/2008 on DM External SupportsPresidential Regulation (Perpres) No 8 / 2008 on the establishment of National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB)Ministry of Home Affairs Decree (Permendagri) No 46/2008 on the establishment of Local Disaster Management Board (BPBD)

14DRR related Budget AllocationDisaster Management and DRR related Budget Allocation in Gov’t Annual Work Plan 2007 & 2008NoFocusBudget 2007(Rp Billion)Budget 20081Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for post-tsunami in NAD Province dan Nias North Sumatera9.710,66.727,22Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for post disaster in Alor-Nabire, DI Yogyakarta and Central Java, and other disaster areas287,8648,23Institutional Strengthening in Disaster Management at central and local levels (Early Warning System and mitigation)49,81.028,74Disaster Risk Reduction94,0127,35Capacity Building and Community Preparedness in Disaster Management78,06DRR Mainstreaming in spatial plan277,07Avian Flu Eradication604,3Total10.220,19.412,7DRR related Budget Allocation221,81.433,0

15Disaster Management and DRR related Budget Allocation in Annual Work Plan 2009NoProgramBudget (Rp Billion)Line Ministry1Rehabilitation and Reconstruction post tsunami in NAD Province and Nias Island969,42MoPW, MOHA, MoT, Kemeng PDT2Development Program for HRD in Meteorology and Geophysical Sector100,15BMG3Research and Development Program5LAPAN4Conservation Program for Water Resources17BakosurtanalDiffusion and Utilization of Technology & Science50Ministry of Research and Technology6Health Development Program600Ministry of Health7Capacity Development Program for Research and Technology in Production System15BPPT8Assistance Program for Social Sector519,03Ministry of Social Affairs, BPLS9Recovery Program for disaster affected areas83,25Bakornas PBTotal2.358,85

16Disaster Management and DRR Financing in Indonesia 2007-2009Based on the DM Law and Government Regulation No 22 / 2008, the DRR financing resources are from:Government (National & Local)Community / PrivateDonorsThe Government allocates the budget based on the RPJM and RKP (Government Annual Works Plan) as indicated on the previous slides.The specific national budget for climate change was allocated in the RKP 2009 (in Priority no 2 – Focus 5), while in the past, the government activities targeting for CC were embedded into regular development programs with no specific national budget allocated to CC.The Climate change financial scheme will apply the rules and procedures under UNFCCC and ODA financing mechanism, and aligns with GOI general financing policies.For external funding, Indonesia prioritizes grant utilization to finance CC programming which is from bilateral or multilateral donors

17DRR Financing in Government Budget 2007-2009NoRKPPriority ActivityBudget (IDR, Million)12007DRR , incl. Capacity building and community preparedness for DM221.8022008Implementation of NAP DRR;Institutional strengthening in DM (EWS and disaster mitigation); andDRR mainstreaming into spatial planning1,433.0032009Focus 5: Strengthening and development in Global CC Mitigation and Adaptation(undertaken by various line ministries, such as Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, Ministry of PW, Ministry of Forestry, State Ministry of Environment, BMKG, MoHA, Bakosurtanal & BNPB)1,736.40

18Comparison of Program Proposal in the National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction Against Government AllocationIDR. MillionData compilation as per Feb. 2009

19Non Government BudgetMultilateral and Bilateral Loans/Grants on DRR in supporting:1. Institutional and Regulatory development at national and local levels;2. Revitalization of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Areas3. Conservation critical upstream watershed areas3. Poverty reduction programs4. Community Development Programs (livelihoods, settlement infrastructure program)5. Development and strengthening on Early Warning System (including strengthening multi sector and multi stakeholder coordination and cooperation within early warning chain)6. Infrastructure development (incl. regulation and building standards)7. Strengthening BMG on Climate and Weather Services Capacity8. DRR Education and Training Program9. Raising Public Awareness

20Comparison of Program Proposal in the National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction Against Donor and NGO’sIDR. MillionNote:Data collection Jan - Feb 2009Most of the programs are multi years. The budget allocation is recorded at the first year of the program

21Donors Contribution to DM SystemPre-disaster phase:strengthen local and national capacities, to effectively prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters;support and promote the effective implementation of legal and regulatory instruments for disaster risk reduction and disaster management andsupport dialogue and coordination between agencies and institutions at all levels to prepare for effective disaster risk management.During disastermaking use of disaster response capacities, and taking into account the responsibilities assigned under the ongoing humanitarian reform process and where national capacities are exceededsupport Government efforts to provide emergency humanitarian assistance to disaster affected populationsconduct needs assessmentsshare information and assist Government in coordination of the disaster responsePost-disaster phasemaking use of pre-existing frameworks for cooperation, and taking into account the Millennium Development Goals and the Hyogo Framework for Action and support national efforts to help communities effectively recover from the impact of disaster and to promote sustainable development

22Lessons LearnedShifting the paradigm mandated in the DM law No 24/2007 enhances the participation form non-government multi stakeholders, mainly international community and NGOs in the DM and DRR activities;Indonesia experiences in recent disasters (Aceh & Yogya) implies to:generate government in the acceleration of the finalization and implementation of DM and DRR regulatory and institutional frameworks;enhance the awareness of people in the importance of DRR;attract international communities in supporting government in the promoting DRR;Commitment and support from international communities and donors significantly provide advocacy policy frameworks and generate the implementation of mainstreaming DRR into sustainable development, such as Program SCDRR supported by DFID and UNDP, GFDRR by the World Bank, AusAID, JICA etc.

23CHALLENGES and WAY FORWARDDevelop the derivation from the DM Law in line with the mainstreaming DRR into sustainable development;Integrate and synergize strategies adopted by each sectors into a holistic approach of DRR in the development;Strengthen capacity of government institutions and apparatus in the DM and DRR aspects;Improve public awareness through campaign, simulation drill, etcIntroduce DRR Sensitivity Planning Approach as the bottom up development planning and budgeting approach starting at village levels;Formulate policy recommendation and strategy for the implementation of CBDRM, that currently implemented fragmentary by NGOs at sub-district and village levels;Shift the international donors and community on the DRR implementation from ‘favorable areas’ (Aceh & Yogya) to other prone disaster areas;Formulate sustainable tools to link from rehabilitation and reconstruction stage to DRR and mitigation efforts, as well as integrate DRR and Climate Change (NAP-DRR and NAPA).

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