The above crown was used by
Kiani Kings of Iran and is in the national museum - Iran

The illustrated history of
earlier kings named as The Epic of Kings was completed by Iranian poet and
philosopher Ferdowsi
in 1010 AD i.e. about 1000 years back. Hafeez Jalandhari a prominent Pakistani
poet stated in foreword of Shahnama-e-Islam that:

Hafeez was inspired by Ferdowsi.
The Epic of Kings
completed by
Ferdowsi 1010 A.D has a well
documented detail of earlier Kiani Kings.
Inspiration by a nation or a country gives life to its people.
There are many Kiani / Gakhar families who do not know about their ancestors
and their glorious past. This effort of finding facts, took over 20 years and
involved lot of travelling and reading. The question'
WHO IS WHO' can be proved as follows :

(1) Through proven / documented
history, which every one can try to research and trace back. (The author, Mohammad Ashraf Kiani
has honestly tried, however there is room for improvement . All suggestions
may be sent to the e-mail given at the bottom of this web site for improvements)

Kiani Crown is safe in any Iranian museum. Reza Shah, the founder of the
Pahlavi dynasty, had his own crown designed but the
Kiani Crown was present during his coronation.
Kiani Crown is made of red velvet which has thousands of gems set onto
it. The total height of the crown is 32 cm. without the aigrette, and the
total width is 19.5 cm. Kiani Queen however used
different crown.

According to Sultan Raja Zahur Akhtar on cover page of
his book Kai-gohar nama, Gakhars are Turkish - Iranian who formed Royal
Kiani dynasty of Iran They moved to sub-continent (Potohar) around 1002 A.D.
and ruled the area for eight centuries, striving, combating, and ruling of
this area of northen Pakistan is an exciting history now.The foreword of this book is written by
Chief Justice (R) Dr. Javed Iqbal supereme court of Pakistan
The family moved from central Asia (Tooran)
about 10,000 years BC as Arians speaking people to Turkey. They were Turks
at that time. About 8000 years BC, they moved to Turkmenistan. Due to earth
quakes in that region they moved to Kurdistan about 6500 years BC. They
lived there for several generations and gradually moved to neighboring Iran.
In Turkey they were known as Turks, In Kurdistan Kurds. and in Iran
Persians. They settled in an area known as Kehan, in Iran. They formed
Royal Archimedean Dynasty about 6000 B.C. The formation of Kiani dynasty
starts from word 'KAI' in the names of Kings like kai-khusro, Kai-qabad,
Kai-gohar and other kings for centuries. Their decedents in Pakistan, India,
Kashmir,
Tibet, China, Turkey, central Asian states, Kurdistan, Iran, Afghanistan and
other parts of the world are called Kiani dynasty. According to
Iben-e-Khuldoon a renowned historians, the ruler of Kabul, Kabul Shah was a
Kianian.

In La Perron's - History of the Pasrsis - p.27 it is said
that a migration of Persians to China, under Feroz, a son of King Yazdezard,
took place in the 7th century; it is suggested that this was the occasion
when the ancestors of another Kianian dynasty settled in
Kashmir and
Tibet: an old M.S. pedigree-table produced shows a Sultan Yazdjar some 45
generations back. Frishta's reference with regard to their rule in
Kashmir during Kaid Raj and Kabul and Kandhar p.881 also confirms this.
Kaygohar Nama by Dewan Duni Chand in Persian, translated by Raja Mohammad
Yaqoob Tariq in Urdu in form of History of Gakhars, p 203 refers to the
origin of Kianis (Gakhars) and their rule in Kashmir. The official letters
and documents of all Mughal Kings reveal the status of Gakhars before and
during their rule in India. Iranian poet Ferdowsi in year 1010 completed
Shahnama, which has detail of the earlier Kiani Kings starting from Sasani
era. Chinese writers confirm the period of Feroz (Peroz) in China. History
of Gakhars (Tareekh -e- Gakhran) by Raja Yaqoob Tariq, Kaygohar Nama by
Sultan Zahur Akhtar and Persian writing of Duni Chand as well as the
writings of Mughal kings have left valuable historical record regarding
Kianis independent rule between Jhelum and Sind now major part of Pakistan.

Persia's conquest by
IslamicArab armies
marks the transition into "medieval"
Persia. The explosive growth of the Arab Caliphate coincided with the chaos
caused by the end of Sassanid rule. The last king Yazdegerd was defeated by
Muslim army. in 651.
Two daughters
of Kiani king Yazdgard were brought to Madina as captives. All had
gathered in the holy mosque of Madina to see what was the decision of the
caliph, about them. Ali suggested Urnmer, to free the
girls so that
they marry whosoever they wish. One princess
Shahr Banu decided to
marry Hussain ibn-e-Ali and the other other chose Imam Hassan ibn-e Ali .
It is interesting to note that one sister of this princess was married to
Chinese King.

Ali said to Hussain, "Look after this woman very well,
because, from her an Imam (Zain-ul-Abidin) will come into existence who will
be the best of the God's creations upon the earth and the father of all the
Imams after himself. The marriages were authorized and solemnized by second
caliph Omer in presence of
Ali. The
princess, who later became mother of Imam
Zain-Ul-Abidin
was given the highest status in the Islamic society. Although in the 7th
century, the Sassanid king was defeated by Muslim Arabs, however
Zoroastrians were
awarded the status of People of the Book by the Caliph Omar, some of their
practices being contrary to Islam were prohibited, such as sibling
marriages. The relation of Muslims, with Kianis start from here.

The Arab empire, ruled by the
Umayyad Dynasty, was the largest state in history up to that point. It
stretched from Spain to the Indus, from the Aral Sea to the southern tip of
Arabia. Yet the Umayyads borrowed heavily from Persian and
Byzantine administrative systems and moved their capital to
Damascus,
in the center of their empire. The Umayyads would rule Persia for a hundred
years.

The Arab conquest dramatically changed life in Persia.
Arabic became the new
lingua franca and Islam quickly replaced Zoroastrianism; mosques were
built, and many Persians intermarried with Arabs. A new language, religion,
and culture were added to the Persian culture.

The
Sassanid (or Sassanian) dynasty was the name given to KianiKings of Persia, who ruled Iran for centuries. (named after
Ardashir's grandfather) was the first native Persian ruling dynasty
since the Achaemenids; thus they saw themselves as the successors of
Darius and Cyrus. They pursued an aggressive expansionist policy.
They recovered much of the eastern lands that the Kushans had taken
in the Parthian period. The Sassanids (Kianis) continued to make war
against Rome; a Persian army even captured the Emperor
Valerian in 260.

Sassanid Persia,
unlike Parthia, was a highly centralized state. The people were
rigidly organized into a caste system: Priests, Soldiers, Scribes,
and Commoners. Zoroastrianism was finally made the official state
religion, and spread outside Persia proper and out into the
provinces. There was sporadic persecution of other religions. The
Catholic (Orthodox) Christian church was particularly
persecuted, but this was in part due to its ties to the
Roman Empire. The
Nestorian Christian church was tolerated and sometimes even
favored by the Sassanids.

The wars and
religious control that had fueled Sassanid Persia's early successes
eventually contributed to its decline. The eastern regions were
conquered by the
White Huns in the late 400s. Adherents of a radical religious
sect, the Mazdakites, revolted around the same time.
Khosrau I was able to recover his empire and expand into the
Christian countries of
Antioch and
Yemen.
However, a final war with Rome utterly destroyed the empire. Between
605 and
629,
Sassanids successfully annexed Levant and Egypt and pushed into
Anatolia. Their armies even reached Constantinople, but could not
defeat the Byzantines there. Emperor Heraclius successfully
outflanked Sassanid armies in Asia Minor and handed them a crushing
defeat in Northern Mesopotamia, this Persian defeat was mentioned in
Qur'an as a victory for believers (The Romans). Sassanids had to
give up all their conquered lands and retreat. Heavy taxes and a
very long war caused rebellions across the empire.

The Arab empire,
ruled by the
Umayyad Dynasty, was the largest state in history up to that
point. It stretched from Spain to the Indus, from the Aral Sea to
the southern tip of Arabia. Yet the Umayyads borrowed heavily from
Persian and
Byzantine administrative systems and moved their capital to
Damascus, in the center of their empire. The Umayyad would rule
Persia for a hundred years.

The
Sassanid (or Sassanian or Kiani) dynasty (named for Ardashir's
grandfather) was the first native Persian ruling dynasty since the
Achaemenids; thus they saw themselves as the successors of Darius
and Cyrus. They pursued an aggressive expansionist policy. They
recovered much of the eastern lands that the Kushans had taken in
the Parthian period. The Sassanids continued to make war against
Rome; a Persian army even captured the Emperor
Valerian in 260.

Sassanid Persia,
unlike Parthia, was a highly centralized state. The people were
rigidly organized into a caste system: Priests, Soldiers, Scribes,
and Commoners. Zoroastrianism was finally made the official state
religion, and spread outside Persia proper and out into the
provinces. There was sporadic persecution of other religions. The
Catholic (Orthodox) Christian church was particularly
persecuted, but this was in part due to its ties to the
Roman Empire. The
Nestorian Christian church was tolerated and sometimes even
favored by the Sassanids.

The wars and religious
control that had fueled Sassanid Persia's early successes eventually
contributed to its decline. The eastern regions were conquered by the
White Huns in the late 400s. Adherents of a radical religious sect,
the Mazdakites, revolted around the same time.
Khosrau I was able to recover his empire and expand into the
Christian countries of
Antioch
and Yemen.
However, a final war with Rome utterly destroyed the empire. Between
605 and
629,
Sassanids successfully annexed Levant and Egypt and pushed into
Anatolia. Their armies even reached Constantinople, but could not defeat
the Byzantines there. Emperor Heraclius successfully outflanked Sassanid
armies in Asia Minor and handed them a crushing defeat in Northern
Mesopotamia, this persian defeat was mentioned in Qur'an as a victory
for believers (The Romans). Sassanids had to give up all their conquered
lands and retreat. Heavy taxes and a very long war caused rebellions
across the empire. Khosro II
(Parviz) was assassinated in 629, this incidence was allegedly told
(witted) by Muhammed before the assassination took place even as a
punishment from God to Khosro II (Parviz) because of tearing Muhammed's
message which contained a chapter of Qur'an and humiliating Muhammed's
messangers. Then the empire plunged into anarchy after the death of his
successor, Kavadh II. After a defeat at Nineveh in
642, civil
war broke out and the king was assassinated. The Sassanid shahs no
longer had control over the country.

The Arab empire,
ruled by the
Umayyad Dynasty, was the largest state in history up to that
point. It stretched from Spain to the Indus, from the Aral Sea to
the southern tip of Arabia. Yet the Umayyads borrowed heavily from
Persian and
Byzantine administrative systems and moved their capital to
Damascus, in the center of their empire. The Umayyads would rule
Persia for a hundred years.

The Arab conquest
dramatically changed life in Persia.
Arabic became the new
lingua franca and Islam quickly replaced Zoroastrianism; mosques
were built, and many Persians intermarried with Arabs. A new
language, religion, and culture were added to the Persian cultural
milieu.

In 750 the
Umayyads were ousted from power by the
Abbasid family. By that time, Iranians had come to dominate not
only the bureaucracy of the empire, but all branches of the
government
[1]. The unrivaled dominance of the Persians on all affairs of
the administration of the Caliphate led to the spread and blossoming
of Persian culture, science, mathematics, and medicine, throughout
the Arab world. The caliph
Al-Ma'mun, whose mother was an Iranian, moved his capital away
from Arab lands into
Merv in
eastern Persia. It was he who later founded the Baghdad
House of Wisdom, based on the Persian
Jondishapour.

The scientific
movement that resulted from this was to have a direct impact on the
European
Renaissance centuries later: the Iranian
Khwarazmi contributed heavily to the mathematical field of
algebra, earning himself the title of
Father of Algebra. He, along with hundreds of other prominent
scholars, carried the torch of the world's most advanced
civilizations for hundreds of years.
(See full list here).

But political
unrest continued. In 819, East-Persia was conquered by the Persian
Samanids, the first native rulers after the Arabic conquest.
They made
Samarqand,
Bukhara and
Herat
their capitals and revived the
Persian language and culture. It was approximately during this
age, when the poet
Firdawsi finished the
Shah Nama, an epic poem retelling
the history of the Persian kings; Firdawsi completing the poem in
1010.

In 913,
West-Persia was conquered by the
Buwayhid, a native Persian tribal confederation from the shores
of the Caspian Sea. They made the Persian city of
Shiraz their capital. The Buwayids destroyed Islam's former
territorial unity. Rather than a province of a united Muslim empire,
Persia became one nation in an increasingly diverse and cultured
Islamic world.

The Muslim world
was shaken again in 1037 with the invasion of the
Seljuk Turks from the northeast. The Seljuks created a very
large Middle Eastern empire and continued in the flowering of
medieval Islamic culture. The Seljuks built the fabulous Friday
Mosque in the city of
Isfahan. The most famous Persian writer of all time,
Omar Khayyám, wrote his
Rubayat of love poetry during
Seljuk times.

In 1218, Genghis
Khan sent ambassadors and merchants to the city of
Otrar, on the northeastern confines of the Khwarizm shahdom. The
governor of Otrar had these envoys executed. Genghis, out of
revenge, sacked Otrar in 1219 and continued on to
Samarkand and other cities of the northeast.

Genghis' grandson,
Hulagu Khan, finished what Genghis had begun when he conquered
Persia, Baghdad, and much of the rest of the Middle East in
1255-1258. Persia became the
Ilkhanate, a division of the vast
Mongol Empire.

In 1295, after
Ilkhan Ghazan converted to Islam, he renounced all allegiance to the
Great Khan. The Ilkhans patronized the arts and learning in the fine
tradition of Persian Islam; indeed, they helped to repair much of
the damage of the Mongol conquests.

In 1335, the last
Ilkhan's death spelled the end of the Ilkhanate. It splintered into
a number of small states. This left Persia open to still more
conquest at the hands of another conqueror connected with the Mongol
Empire:
Timur the Lame or Tamerlane. He invaded Persia beginning around
1370 and plundered the country until his death in 1405. Timur was an
even bloodier conqueror than Genghis had been. In
Isfahan, for instance, he slaughtered 70,000 people so that he
could build towers with their skulls. He conquered a wide area and
made his own city of Samarkand rich, but he made no effort to forge
a lasting empire. Persia was essentially left in ruins.

For the next
hundred years Persia was not a unified state. It was ruled for a
while by descendants of Timur, called the
Timuridemirs. Toward the end of the 1400s, Persia was taken over by the
Emirate of the
White Sheep Turkmen (Ak Koyunlu). But there was little
unity and none of the sophistication that had defined Persia during
the glory days of Islam.

A new Persian
empire: the Safavids (1500-1722)The
Safavid Dynasty hailed from
Azerbaijan, at that time considered a part of the greater Persia
region. The Safavid Shah
Ismail I overthrew the White Sheep Turkish rulers of Persia to
found a new native Persian empire. Ismail expanded Persia to include
all of present-day Azerbaijan, Iran, and Iraq, plus much of
Afghanistan. Ismail's expansion was halted by the
Ottoman Empire at the
Battle of Chaldiran in
1514,
and war with the Ottomans became a fact of life in Safavid Persia.

Safavid Persia was a
violent and chaotic state for the next seventy years, but in 1588
Shah
Abbas the Great ascended to the throne and instituted a cultural
and political renaissance. He moved his capital to Isfahan, which
quickly became one of the most important cultural centers in the
Islamic world. He made peace with the Ottomans. He reformed the
army, drove the
Uzbeks
out of Persia and into modern-day
Uzbekistan, and captured a
Portuguese base on the island of
Ormus.

The Safavids were
followers of
Shi'a
faith ofIslam, and under them Persia became the largest Shi'ite
country in the Muslim world, a position Iran still holds today.

Under the Safavids
Persia enjoyed its last period as a major imperial power. In the
early 1600s, a final border was agreed upon with Ottoman Turkey; it
still forms the border between
Turkey
and Iran today.

In 1722, Safavid
Persia collapsed. That year saw the first European invasion of
Persia since the time of Alexander:
Peter the Great,
Czar of
Russia,
invaded from the northwest as part of a bid to dominate central
Asia. To make the situation truly hopeless, Ottoman forces
accompanied the Russians, successfully laying siege to Isfahan.

The country was
able to weather the invasions; neither the Russians nor the Turks
gained any territory. However, the Safavids were severely weakened,
and that same year (1722), the empire's
Afghani subjects launched a bloody revolt in response to the
Safavids' attempts to convert them from
Sunni
to Shi'a Islam by force. The last Safavid shah was executed, and the
dynasty came to an end.

The Persian empire
experienced atemporary revival under
Nadir Shah in the 1730s and '40s. Nadir drove out the Russians
and confined the Afghans to their present home in Afghanistan. He
launched many successful campaigns against Persia's old enemies, the
nomadic khanates of Central Asia; most of them were destroyed or
absorbed into Persia. However, his empire declined after his death.
His rule was followed by the weak and short-lived
Zand dynasty. Persia was left unprepared for the worldwide
expansion of European empires in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries.

Although Persia
was never directly invaded, it gradually became economically
dependent on Europe. The Anglo-Russian Convention of
1907
formalized Russian and British spheres of influence over the north
and south of the country, respectively, where Britain and Russia
each created a "sphere
of influence", where the colonial power had the final "say" on
economic matters.

At the same time
the
young Kiani Shah had granted a concession to
William Knox D'Arcy, later the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, to
explore and work the newly-discovered oil fields at
Masjid-al-Salaman in southwest Persia, which started production
in 1914.
Winston Churchill, as First Sea Lord to the British Admiralty,
oversaw the conversion of the Royal Navy to oil-fired battleships
and partially nationalized it prior to the start of war. A small
Anglo-Persian force was garrisoned there to protect the field from
some hostile tribal factions.

Persia was drawn
into the periphery of
WWI
because of its strategic position between
Afghanistan and the warring
Ottoman,
Russian, and
British Empires. In
1914
Britain sent a military force to
Mesopotamia to deny access to the Persian oilfields from the
Ottomans.
Germany retaliated on behalf of its ally by spreading a rumor
that the
Kaiser had converted to
Islam,
and sent agents through Persia to attack the oil fields and raise a
Jihad
against British rule in
India.
Most of those
German agents were captured by Persian, British and Russian
troops who were sent to patrol the
Afghan border, and the rebellion faded away.

This was followed
by a German attempt to abduct and control the young
Shah,
with the assistance of his mainly-Swedish bodyguard, which was
foiled at the last moment.

In
1916
the fighting between Russian and Ottoman forces to the north of the
country had spilt down into Persia; Russia gained the advantage
until most of her armies collapsed in the wake of the
1917Russian Revolution. This left the
Caucasus unprotected, and the Caucasian and Persian civilians
starving after years of war and depravation. In
1918 a
small force of 400 British troops under General Dunsterville moved
into the Trans-Caucasus from Persia in a bid to encourage local
resistance to
German and
Ottoman armies who were about to invade the
Baku
oilfields. Although they later withdrew back into Persia, they did
succeed in delaying the Turks access to the oil almost until the
Armistice. In addition, the expedition’s supplies were used to
avert a major famine in the region, and a camp for 30,000 displaced
refugees was created near the Persian-Mesopotamian border.

By WW1 Persia was
not the world power it had once been; it had become a tool in the
political battles of other empires.In
1919
northern Persia was occupied by the British General
Edmund Ironside to enforce the Turkish
Armistice conditions and assist General Malleson contain
Boshevik influences in the north. Britain also took tighter control
over the increasingly lucrative oilfields. In
1925,
Reza Shah Pahlavi seized power from the Kiani Qajars and
established the new
Pahlavi dynasty. However, Britain and the
Soviet Union remained the influential powers in Persia into the
early years of the
Cold War.

The second-to-last
Shah,
Reza Pahlavi, asked the world to call the country Iran in
1935,
but in 1959 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi announced that both Persia and
Iran can be used interchangeably.

Gold dinars of
Ardashir-
I, showing him first (left) wearing the jewelled Pathian crown of
Mithradates II,
and second (right) in the distinctive crown he devised for himself. This
consists of a simple skull cap tied around the brows with a diadem, the
hair gathered in a high silken globe or
Keymbos. The
Sasanians also see
British Musem

Sultan Ahmad ShahKing at the age of 11 Years

Ahmad Shah was the
last king of the kiani
(Qajar) dynasty,
reigned for about 16 years. He reigned with regent from 1909 to 1914,
when he reached the legal age and crowned as the King of Persia (Despite
the fact that he never wore the Kiani crown),
therefore coins of this period are categorized into 2 groups: Before &
after the coronation.

Sultan Ahmad Shah,
The last shah of the Qajar (Kadjar) of Kiani dynasty, and perhaps the
most maligned of all of the dynasty's shahs by its enemies and
detractors, Sultan Sultan Ahmad Shah was born 21 January, 1898 in
Tabriz, who succeeded to the throne and the power at the age of eleven,
when his father, Mohammad Ali Shah was forced into exile after his
defeat against the revolutionary forces in 1909. Sultan Ahmad Shah was a
kind and learned man, who tried scrupulously to rule as a constitutional
monarch over an Iran that had entered during his reign into waters, few
if any could rescue her from during and after the world war one and its
after effects later. He appointed Dr. Musaddaq, who was highly educated
person as a minister and tried to make very efficient government. The
occupation of Iran during World War I (1914 -18) by Russian, British,
and Ottoman troops was a blow from which
Sultan Ahmad Shah
never effectively recovered, however he successfully got the occupation
forces of Russia, British and Turkey out of Iran.

Ferdowsi

In a British sponsored coup d'état,
Reza Khan (declared himself as King 1925-41) became the political
personality in Iran; Ahmad Shah was formally deposed by the Majles
(national consultative assembly) in October 1925 while he was away in
Europe, he was requested to take one million pounds to sign resignation
papers but he refused. Conspirators got the assembly's declaration that
the rule of the Qajar dynasty terminated. Ahamd Shah was approached by
Turkey's President
Mustafa Kamal to take the Turkish troops for restoration of throne
but Ahmad Shah being a nationalist leader refused. He died later on 21
February 1930 at the age of 32 years in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. He is
buried in the family crypt in Karbala, Iraq.

Kianis or Kayanis who call themselves Gakkhars or Rajas, are Muslims
found in Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Khanpur - Hazara and Kashmir. Much has been
written on the history of their origin: Sultan
Kay Gohar who was with Sultan
Mahmood of Ghazni, decended from
Kayanians, and
Kay Kobad . Their language was persian. Some of them appeared to be
influenced by
Mohammad Bin Qasim and sufis. The
documentary evidence from the royal decrees of Babur, Humayoon and
Akbar and British evidence their independent rule for hundreds of years
and also prove they were strong and trustworthy allies of Mughals and
Muslim forces in the sub continent.
Raja Jahandad Khan of Khanpur has been a prominent Gakhar Chief. The
writer saw a family tree written on a very old cloth paper on a roll
with Raja Shahjan, ( brother of Late Raja Sikandar Zaman and Raja
Iftikhar & uncle of Raja Arej Zaman) of Khanpur Hazara in 1985.

History of Rawalpindi - Islamabad - The city of Islamabad lies
against the backdrop of Margalla Hills. On the basis of archaeological
discoveries, archaeologists believe that a distinct culture flourished
on this plateau as far back as 4000 years.

The material remains found on the
site of the city prove the existence of a Buddhist establishment
contemporary to Taxila but less celebrated than its neighbors. It
appears that the city went into oblivion as a result of the Hun
devastation. The first Muslim invader, Mahmood of Ghazni (979-1030 AD),
gifted the ancient city to a
Gakkhar Chief, Sultan Kay
Gohar. The town, however, being on invaders' route could not prosper
and remained deserted until Jhanda Khan, another Gakkhar Chief, restored
it and gave the name of Rawalpindi after the village Rawal in 1493 AD.
Rawalpindi is sister city of Islamabad and both are known as twin
cities. The official
records of Mughal kings prove the Gakhars were independent rulers of the
major part of Pakistan and were friends of Mughal Kings. Sher Shah's and
his son Salim Shah fought with Gakhars and killed Sultan Sarang Khan in
1547, a Gakhar chief burried in a neglected
Rewat Fort, near
Islamabad.

TheRohtas fort is now developed into a small town with several thousand
people. The size can be
judged from the fact that there are more than
ten schools and
twelve mosques - writes Sir Olaf Caroe.
Gakhars were aware that
Sher Shah was building the fort to fight against them. They were
therefore conducting attack after attack
on the forces of Sher Shah Suri. The
stones required
for the construction of the fort could not be procured. An agreement was
therefore reached between two parties and it was agreed that Sher Shah Suri
will pay one
Gold Ashrafi, which was equal to one gold dinar as cost of
one
masonry stone used in construction of Rohtas fort by the King Sher Shah Suri