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20 Jun 2017, 03:24

3

00:00

A

B

C

D

E

Difficulty:

45% (medium)

Question Stats:

71%(02:31) correct 29%(02:54) wrong based on 144 sessions

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Mammals cannot digest cellulose and therefore cannot directly obtain glucose from wood. Mushrooms can, however; and some mushrooms use cellulose to make highly branched polymers, the branches of which are a form of glucose called beta-glucans. Beta-glucan extracts from various types of mushrooms slow, reverse, or prevent the growth of cancerous tumors in mammals, and the antitumor activity of beta-glucans increases as the degree of branching increases. These extracts prevent tumor growth not by killing cancer cells directly but by increasing immune-cell activity.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?

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20 Jun 2017, 05:40

ganand wrote:

Mammals cannot digest cellulose and therefore cannot directly obtain glucose from wood. Mushrooms can, however; and some mushrooms use cellulose to make highly branched polymers, the branches of which are a form of glucose called beta-glucans. Beta-glucan extracts from various types of mushrooms slow, reverse, or prevent the growth of cancerous tumors in mammals, and the antitumor activity of beta-glucans increases as the degree of branching increases. These extracts prevent tumor growth not by killing cancer cells directly but by increasing immune-cell activity.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?

(E) Any organism capable of obtaining glucose from wood can use cellulose to make beta-glucans.

Source: LSAT

(A) Argument says nothing about beneficial health effects: "Mammals cannot digest cellulose and obtain glucose from wood." There might be other beneficial health effects, we do not know(B) Reverses reasoning in the argumentArgument: "If mushrooms can convert cellulose into beta-glucans -> prevent tumorsAnswer choice: prevent tumors > capable of using cellulose to make beta-glucans. (C) Contender as it is well supported in the stimulus:"antitumor activity of beta-glucans increases as the degree of branching increases"(D) Stimulus: "These extracts prevent tumor growth not by killing cancer cells". We know don't know how immune-cell activity prevents tumor growth. Shell game?(E) too broad. we are talking about mushrooms
_________________

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25 Feb 2019, 04:44

1

ganand wrote:

Mammals cannot digest cellulose and therefore cannot directly obtain glucose from wood. Mushrooms can, however; and some mushrooms use cellulose to make highly branched polymers, the branches of which are a form of glucose called beta-glucans. Beta-glucan extracts from various types of mushrooms slow, reverse, or prevent the growth of cancerous tumors in mammals, and the antitumor activity of beta-glucans increases as the degree of branching increases. These extracts prevent tumor growth not by killing cancer cells directly but by increasing immune-cell activity.

Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?

(E) Any organism capable of obtaining glucose from wood can use cellulose to make beta-glucans.

Source: LSAT

- Some mushrooms use cellulose to make highly branched polymers, the branches of which are a form of glucose called beta-glucans. - Beta-glucan extracts from various types of mushrooms slow, reverse, or prevent the growth of cancerous tumors in mammals- The antitumor activity of beta-glucans increases as the degree of branching increases. - These extracts prevent tumor growth NOT by killing cancer cells directly BUT BY increasing immune-cell activity.

The premises tell us that the antitumor activity increases as degree of branching increases. They also tell us that antitumour activity is "increasing immune-cell activity". So we can deduce that degree of immune cell activity increases as degree of branching increases. This is option (C) and is correct.