Problem statement: No specific antiviral therapy is currently available despite an emergence and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis in South-East Asian Countries. There are only few recent studies, which were aimed to treat Japanese encephalitis with newer drugs. There is thus a real need for study on antiviral agents that can ...

Data on the performance of individual beef cattle from birth to processing can be used to improve herd management and genetic characteristics such as fertility, weaning weight and tenderness. Likewise, tracing the origins and whereabouts of cattle that may have been exposed to infectious disease agents is necessary to protect ...

After California black rails were discovered at the UC Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center in 1994, an extensive population of this rare, secretive marsh bird was found inhabiting palustrine emergent persistent (PEM1) wetlands throughout the northern Sierra Nevada foothills. We inventoried a variety of PEM1 wetlands to determine which ...

The UC Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center (SFREC) is located in the heart of typical California blue oak and live oak woodlands within metavolcanic terrain of the Sierra Nevada foothills. These types of woodlands often exist at the interface between urban, wild and agricultural lands and are used extensively ...

Spring-run chinook salmon historically migrated far upstream into Sierra Nevada rivers but are now confined to gravel-limited reaches below large dams ringing the Central Valley. In this study, topographic analysis and photo interpretation reveal the 100-year history of channel conditions in the bedrock canyon on the Yuba River below Englebright ...

During the last 25 years, a wide variety of oak woodland research has been conducted at the UC Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center. A substantial portion of this research has focused on developing procedures for artificially regenerating native California oaks. Results indicate that oaks can be successfully established with ...

The accurate determination of pubertal status in yearling beef heifers, possibly combined with the use of exogenous progesterone, allows females to produce the maximum number of calves over their lifetimes. This study aimed to determine the reliability of a reproductive tract scoring (RTS) system that combines manual palpation with ultrasound ...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of fecal samples has been used to predict the crude protein and digestible organic matter of forages consumed by grazing animals. However, for NIRS predictions to be accurate, the equation used must be based on samples from the target population. The Texas AandM Grazinglands Animal Nutrition Laboratory ...

* Papillary cystadenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the epididymis, occurring mainly in young adult males. More than one-third of the cases reported in the literature have occurred in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Conversely, epididymal nodules presumed to be papillary cystadenomas are found in one-third of males with ...

* Infection with the saprophagous nematode Halicephalobus species is uncommon but has been reported in horses worldwide. Only 3 human cases have been previously described, all of which have been fatal. We report a fourth fatal case, which occurred in a 39-year-old woman who presented with meningeal signs, altered mental ...

* Context.--Tissue microarrays (TMAs) have emerged as a high-throughput technology for protein evaluation in large cohorts. This technique allows maximization of tissue resources by analysis of sections from 0.6-mm to 1.5-mm core "biopsies" of standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and by the processing of hundreds of cases arrayed on a ...

* Context.--Glomerular cysts, defined as Bowman space dilatation greater than 2 to 3 times normal size, are found in disorders of diverse etiology and with a spectrum of clinical manifestations. The term glomerulocystic kidney (GCK) refers to a kidney with greater than 5% cystic glomeruli. Although usually a disease of ...

* Context.--Cystic diseases of the kidney are a very heterogeneous group of renal inherited conditions, with more than 33 genes involved and encompassing Xlinked, autosomal dominant, and autosomal recessive inheritance. Although mostly monogenic with mendelian inheritance, there are clearly examples of oligogenic inheritance, such as 3 mutations in 2 genes, ...

Context.--Renal cystic diseases and congenital abnormalities of the
kidney and urinary tract comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions whose
pathogenesis has eluded physicians for centuries. Recent advances in
molecular and genetic understanding of these diseases may provide the
solution to this riddle.

* Context.--Amyloidoses are disorders of diverse etiology in which deposits of abnormally folded proteins share distinctive staining properties and fibrillar ultrastructural appearance. Amyloidosis ultimately leads to destruction of tissues and progressive disease. With recent advances in the treatment of systemic amyloidoses the importance of a n early diagnosis of amyloid, ...

Context.--Most renal diseases with organized deposits are
relatively uncommon conditions, and proper pathologic characterization
determines the specific diagnosis. Different entities with specific
clinical correlates have been recognized, and their correct diagnosis
has an impact on patient management, treatment options, and
determination of prognosis.

Quercetin is a plant-derived bioflavonoid with potentially beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Studies focused on the efficiency of flavonoids against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury have demonstrated that quercetin exerts robust protective effects in renal, cerebral, and hepatic I/R models. However, there is only limited evidence about the effect of quercetin ...

Areca is a Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used for constipation. However the mechanisms of its action are not clear. We investigated the effects of arecoline, the most active component of areca, on the motility of rat distal colonic smooth muscle strips. In longitudinal muscle of distal colon (LMDC) ...

Established cell lines are widely used as in vitro models in toxicology studies. The choice of an appropriate cell line is critical when performing studies to elucidate drug-induced toxicity in humans. The porcine renal proximal tubular cell line LLC-PK1 is routinely used to study the nephrotoxic effects of drugs in ...

Higher concentrations of circulating lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) and their decreased catabolism pose a major risk in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). Although statins are widely used for treatment of hyperlipidemia, side effects associated with their use have prompted the search for a safer alternative for ...

The maintenance of erythrocyte membrane fluidity at the physiological level is an important factor affecting the ability of erythrocytes to pass through blood vessels of small luminal diameter. Genistein and daidzein, which are used as alternative therapeutics in cardiovascular conditions, can be incorporated into the cell membrane and change its ...

Female fertility is determined to a large extent by the quality (developmental competence) of the oocyte as reflected in its ability to undergo meiosis, be fertilized, and give rise to a healthy embryo. Growth of the mammalian oocyte is coordinated with that of the follicle that encloses it by the ...

Recombinant truncated forms of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 (HO-1 and HO-2) were compared with their crude microsomal counterparts from brain and spleen tissue of adult male rats with respect to their inhibition by azole-based, nonporphyrin HO inhibitors. The drugs tested were an imidazole-alcohol, an imidazole-dioxolane, and a triazole-ketone. Both the ...