Ichthyosis – Definition

Inherited ichthyosis (several forms exist) — dryness and scaling of the skin due to hereditary factors

Acquired ichthyosis — thickening and scaling of the skin that is not inherited but is associated with certain medical disorders

Ichthyosis – Causes

Inherited ichthyosis is caused by a genetic defect that is passed from parent to child or that occurs spontaneously.

Acquired ichthyosis is relatively rare, but may be caused by any of the following:

Leprosy (extremely rare in the US)

Underactive thyroid

Lymphoma ( Hodgkin’s, Non-Hodgkin’s)

Sarcoidosis

AIDS

Ichthyosis – Risk Factors

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for ichthyosis include:

Family member with ichthyosis

Cold weather

Frequent or prolonged bathing, especially in hot water

Harsh soaps or detergents

Soaps or lotions containing certain scents or perfumes

Ichthyosis – Symptoms

Ichthyosis can develop on any part of the body, but most often occurs on the legs, arms, or trunk. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe. In severe cases, the condition may be disfiguring. Symptoms may include:

Dry, flaking skin

Scaling of skin that gives skin the appearance of fish scales

Shedding of layers of the skin

Itching of skin

In severe cases, scarring and/or infection due to rubbing and scratching of scales or blisters

With certain rare types of inherited ichthyosis, symptoms:

Appear immediately at birth

Are extremely severe, covering the entire body

Cause severe complications or death

Ichthyosis – Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. The diagnosis of ichthyosis is usually based on signs and symptoms of the disorder. Rarely, blood tests or a skin biopsy may be required.

Ichthyosis – Treatment

Since there is no cure for ichthyosis, treatment consists of managing the symptoms. Most treatment is aimed at keeping the skin moist. In severe cases, medication may be prescribed. For the acquired form, treatment that lessens the severity of the underlying noninherited condition may also help lessen the symptoms of the associated ichthyosis.

Moisturizing Skin

Many types of moisturizing ointments, lotions, and creams are used to lessen or alleviate symptoms of ichthyosis. These include:

Petroleum jelly

Mineral oil

Creams, lotions, and ointments containing vitamin A

A large variety of nonprescription, unscented moisturizers

For ichthyosis that causes scaling:

Solutions or creams with lactic or salicylic acid or urea may help.

In some cases, doctors may suggest wrapping affected areas with a plastic or cellophane “bandage” after applying moisturizing agent. Such bandages should not be used on children.

Medications

In severe cases, drugs are sometimes prescribed, including:

Etretinate and isotretinoin — These medications are retinoids, which are derivatives of vitamin A; excess amounts of vitamin A can be harmful.

Antibiotics (if the skin becomes infected)

Disinfecting soaps (eg, chlorhexidine)

Ichthyosis – Prevention

There are no guidelines for preventing the development of ichthyosis. However, steps to prevent this condition from getting worse include: