Climate change and the emergence of new diseases, notably HIV and TB co-in-fection and non-communicable diseases, will add a new and difficult dimension to dealing with HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB. Doing so will require adopting at least the following initiatives.

Develop early warning indicators so that people who are HIV positive or have TB can be traced easily if they become lost to follow-up or go missing.

Introduce malaria vector surveillance indicators so that the link between mosquitoes and disease causation and the patterns of insecticide resistance can be monitored periodically and the impact of climate change assessed.

Address the emergence of new dis -eases, notably HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection and non-communicable dis -eases as well as the new and difficult dimension that climate change will pose in treating HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB.

Introduce new targets oriented toward youths (15-24-year-olds), including condom use at the last high-risk sexual encounter and comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS.