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Archive for the ‘Knowledge Base’ Category

The bolt pattern or bolt circle is the diameter of an imaginary circle formed by the centers of the wheel lugs.

Bolt patterns can be 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 lug holes, however most applications are typically 4 or 5 lug. Bolt circles are measured in both inches and millimeters, therefore you may hear a bolt pattern referred to as both (i.e. 5×114.3 mm is also referred to as 5×4.5). A bolt circle of 5×114.3 mm would indicate a 5 lug pattern on a circle with a diameter of 114.3mm (or 4.5″).

The diagram is an example of the proper method for measuring bolt patterns.

The conversion of inches to mm is 1 inch to 25.4 mm.

Bolt Pattern

Vehicle Description

5×5.5″

’41-’86 MB & CJ Series

5×5.5″

’62-’73 J Series & Full Size Wagoneer

6×5.5″

’74-’91 J Series & Full Size Wagoneer

5×4.5″

’87-’95 Wrangler YJ

5×4.5″

’84-’01 Cherokee XJ & Commanche MJ

5×4.5″

’97-’06 Wrangler TJ & TJ Unlimited

5×4.5″

’02-Current Liberty KJ

5×4.5″

’94-’98 Grand Cherokee ZJ

5×5″

’99-’04 Grand Cherokee WJ

5×5″

’05-Current Grand Cherokee WK

5×5″

’06-Current Commander XK

5×5″

07-Current Wrangler & Wrangler Unlimited JK

Lug Size

Ft/Lbs Torque

7/16″

55-65

1/2″

75-85

9/16″

95-115

5/8″

135-145

12mm

72-80

14mm

85-95

IMPORTANT NOTICE: As with all types of wheels retorque lug nuts after the first 25 miles & at 100 mile intervals until lug torque is maintained.

Note: Always refer to Owner’s Manual for proper factory specifications that take precedence over the listed recommendations.

Toe is the side-to-side difference in distance between the front and rear of the front tires. If the distance is closer at the front, it’s called toe-in. If the difference is closer at the rear, it’s called toe-out.

Caster is the fore or aft slope of the steering axis. The steering axis is a line drawn through the upper and lower ball joints of the knuckle. Positive caster is when the bottom of the steering axis line is in front of the tire’s contact patch. Zero caster is when the steering axis is at 0 degrees. Factory alignment specs for basically all vehicles call for a certain degree of positive (shown) caster. This ensures good stability, helps maintain straight-ahead direction and promotes steering wheel self-centering.

Camber is the inward or outward tilt of the front tires as viewed from the front. Inward tilt is negative, outward tilt is positive. Camber is used to distribute load across the entire tread. Improper camber makes the tire wear on one edge, and causes the vehicle to pull to the side that has the most positive camber.