for October 1st 1. What is the central claim of blending inheritance? a. In each individual, genes for the same trait blend together to form a new gene. b. Genes act like particles that are physically independent of each other. c. If a tall person marries a short person, their children will be of intermediate height. d. If a gene confers high fitness, it will blend with others and be lost. 2. How do you measure fitness? a. Do tests of cardiovascular fitness or strength (physical performance). b. Measure the total population size. c. Measure the population growth rate. d. Count number of surviving offspring produced by individuals. 3. When I lived at high elevation for several months, my heart’s stroke volume increase and my red blood cell count (oxygen carrying capacity) increased. Which of the following statements is correct? a. My (biological) fitness increased. b. My genetic make-up changed. c. I acclimatized to high elevation. d. I adapted to high elevation. 4. Populations that have lived at high elevation for hundreds of generations have genes for high lung capacity and forms of hemoglobin that are exceptionally good at carrying oxygen. Which of the following statements is correct? a. These populations have acclimatized to life at high elevation. b. These populations have adapted to life at high elevation. c. The individuals are acclimatized to life at high elevation. d. The individuals adapted to life at high elevation.

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for October 2 nd 1. Why did Mendel study 7 traits, instead of one or two? a. Peas have a total of 7 measurable traits that vary among individuals. b. To test the hypothesis that his results are generalizable. c. To test the hypothesis that his results are only relevant to peas. d. To generate large sample sizes in each experiment, in an efficient way. 2. What is another name for a pure-breeding line or population? a. heterozygous b. homozygous c. inbred d. high-fitness 3. Which of the following is correct? a. F 1 s are heterozygous; F 2 s are homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant, and heterozygous b. F 1 s have a 3:1 ratio of phenotypes; F 2 s have a 9:3:3:1 ratio. c. F 1 s are the first generation in an experimental cross; F 2 s are the second. d. There are more individuals in the F 2 generation than the F 1 . 4. What is the difference between an individual’s phenotype and genotype? a. phenotype is appearance; genotype is the alleles present b. genotype is “nature;” phenotype is “nurture” c. phenotype can be measured; genotype cannot d. the genotype is a product of the phenotype

a. It is the most common allele in the population. b. Heterozygotes show its phenotype. c. It is the allele that confers highest fitness.

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