What is Soccer Robot? A soccer robot is a specialized autonomous robot and mobile robot that is used to play variants of soccer -Wikipedia

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Robots Playing Soccer The idea of robots playing soccer was first mentioned by Professor Alan Mackworth (University of British Columbia, Canada) in a paper entitled On Seeing Robots presented at VI-92, 1992.

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History Independently, a group of Japanese researchers organized a Workshop on Grand Challenges in Artificial Intelligence in October, 1992 in Tokyo, discussing possible grand challenge problems. This workshop led to a serious discussions of using the game of soccer for promoting science and technology.

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Cont.. Factors Considered in the discussion: Technology feasibility. Social impact assessment. Financial feasibility.

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Result As a result of these studies, it has been concluded that the project is feasible and desirable. In June 1993, a group of researchers, including Minoru Asada, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, and Hiroaki Kitano, decided to launch a robotic competition, tentatively named as Robot J-League Within a month, on receiving overwhelming reactions from researchers outside of Japan, renamed the project as the Robot World Cup Initiative, RoboCup for short.

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The Year 1997 In the history of artificial intelligence and robotics, the year 1997 will be remembered as a turning point. In May 1997, IBM Deep Blue defeated the human world champion in chess. Forty years of challenge in the AI community came to a successful conclusion. On July 4, 1997, NASAs pathfinder mission made a successful landing and the first autonomous robotics system, Sojourner, was deployed on the surface of Mars.

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Together with these accomplishments, RoboCup made its first step towards the development of robotic soccer with an aim of beating human World Cup champion team by the year 2050. RoboCup and its aim

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Motivation Why all this focus letting robots play games of soccer? Dealing with the real world properties. The element of competition is not only an interesting research question, it also serves as a way to put the research to the test. Element of Competition.

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Motivation Cont. Standard problems. Research on games, chess in particular, has generated significant advances in the theory of search algorithms and search control, as well as motivating cognitive studies into the ways that humans approach the same problems

Lessons from real Soccer The problem of creating a team strategy from individual behavior Performance is probably very bad on skills like passing and shooting. Aritificial Intelligence.

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Solutions for good team work in human soccer Game system Positioning Offensive Positioning Defensive Positioning The golie

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Goalie

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Others Freezing the game Positioning at special kick situations

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Tactics Simplicity Let the ball work Only Stop when one cannot advance immediately Be receptible for a pass Make passes playable for the receiving robot.

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Tactics Cont.. Dont be to obvious in your intentions. Camouflage your weaknesses. Move towards a passed ball. Shield the ball of the opponent. Do not slide unless absolutely necessary. Be a good team player.

Robot destination assignment Based on role stereotype Goalie Movement between the goal and the position of the ball but within the goal area. Ball moving toward the goal action Zonal division of goal area

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Robot destination assignment

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Based on role stereotype Defender Common Role Interchangeable role Similarity with Goalies target destination

Fuzzification Fuzzy set pair (U,m) where U is a set and sets whose elements have degrees of membership. Classical set and Fuzzy set Input variables are mapped into fuzzy sets Process of converting a crisp input value to a fuzzy value

Fuzzy Rules & Association memory matrix Fuzzy Rules are very natural and can be expressed in natural Language. Example: If ball speed is negative and ball position is away then attacker priority is very large and defender priority is zero and goalie priority is small. If ball speed is zero and ball position is away then attacker priority is large and defender priority is small and goalie priority is medium.

Motor control layer Inputs are outputs from Fuzzy reactive Layer Calculates the left motor velocity and right motor velocity Informs the communication module to transmit the required data to the correct bot.