A N VgontzasDepartment of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USAJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:2119-26. 2004

..Given the potential association of these behavioral and physical alterations with health, well-being, and public safety, the idea that sleep or parts of it are optional should be regarded with caution...

Marked decrease in sleepiness in patients with sleep apnea by etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist

..We conclude that there is a strong independent association among sleep apnea, visceral obesity, insulin resistance and hypercytokinemia, which may contribute to the pathological manifestations and somatic sequelae of this condition...

Differences in nocturnal and daytime sleep between primary and psychiatric hypersomnia: diagnostic and treatment implications

A N VgontzasSleep Research and Treatment Center and Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USAPsychosom Med 62:220-6. 2000

..The aim of this study was to assess whether polysomnography aids in the differential diagnosis of these two disorders...

Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness: role of insulin resistance

A N VgontzasSleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USAJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:517-20. 2001

..These data support our proposal that, independently of gender, sleep apnea might be a manifestation of an endocrine/metabolic abnormality in which insulin resistance plays a principal role...

Middle-aged men show higher sensitivity of sleep to the arousing effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone than young men: clinical implications

..Sleep deprivation leads to sleepiness and daytime hypersecretion of IL-6. Combined, these findings suggest that the HPA axis stimulates arousal, while IL-6 and TNF-alpha are possible mediators of excessive daytime sleepiness in humans...

..In this study, we examined the joint effect of SDB and obesity in EDS as well as proinflammatory and metabolic markers...

Sleep disordered breathing in children in a general population sample: prevalence and risk factors

Edward O BixlerSleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USASleep 32:731-6. 2009

..Assess the prevalence based on clinically meaningful criteria (i.e., blood pressure) and identify risk factors of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in a representative sample of elementary school children...

Women sleep objectively better than men and the sleep of young women is more resilient to external stressors: effects of age and menopause

..This gender dimorphism in sleep regulation may have been to protect women from the demands of infant and child care, and in part, might contribute to women's lower cardiovascular risks and greater longevity...

Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension

Alexandros N VgontzasSleep Research and Treatment Center Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USASleep 32:491-7. 2009

..To examine the joint effect of insomnia and objective short sleep duration on hypertension risk...

Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with type 2 diabetes: A population-based study

Alexandros N VgontzasSleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USADiabetes Care 32:1980-5. 2009

..We examined the joint effects of insomnia and objective short sleep duration, the combination of which is associated with higher morbidity, on diabetes risk...

No relationship between neurocognitive functioning and mild sleep disordered breathing in a community sample of children

..g. hypofunctioning hypothalamic CRH, play a major role in the pathogenesis of sleep apnoea, sleepiness, and the associated cardiovascular co-morbidities...

Blood pressure associated with sleep-disordered breathing in a population sample of children

Edward O BixlerDepartment of Psychiatry, Penn State University College of Medicine, Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USAHypertension 52:841-6. 2008

..Clinically, the data support the threshold of AHI >or=5 for the initiation of treatment for SDB. Additional research is indicated to assess the efficacy of SDB treatment on reducing blood pressure...

..Even mildly-to-moderately depressed melancholic patients had clinically relevant increases in the arterial NE-appearance rate. These findings will not apply to all clinical subtypes of major depression...

Metabolic abnormalities in obesity and sleep apnea are in a continuum

Maria BastaSleep Med 8:5-7. 2007

Insomnia and sleep quality among primary care physicians with low and high burnout levels

Antonio Vela-BuenoDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, SpainJ Psychosom Res 64:435-42. 2008

..The aim of this study was to assess insomnia and sleep quality in primary care physicians with low and high burnout scores...