Overview

A nuclear blast is an explosion with
intense light and heat, a damaging pressure wave and widespread
radioactive material that can contaminate the air, water and ground
surfaces for miles around. During a nuclear incident, it is
important to avoid radioactive material, if possible. While
experts may predict at this time that a nuclear attack is less likely
than other types, terrorism by its nature is unpredictable.

If there is advanced warning of an attack

Take cover immediately, as far below ground as
possible, though any shield or shelter will help protect you from the
immediate effects of the blast and the pressure wave.

If there is no warning

Quickly assess the situation.

Consider if you can get out of the area or if it would be better to go
inside a building to limit the amount of radioactive material you are
exposed to.

If you take shelter go as far below ground as possible, close windows
and doors, turn off air conditioners, heaters or other ventilation
systems. Stay where you are, watch TV, listen to the radio, or check
the Internet for official news as it becomes available.

To limit the amount of radiation you are exposed to, think about
shielding, distance and time.

Shielding: If you have a thick shield between
yourself and the radioactive materials more of the radiation will
be absorbed, and you will be exposed to less.

Distance: The farther away you are away from the
blast and the fallout the lower your exposure.

Time: Minimizing time spent exposed will also
reduce your risk.

Use available information to assess the
situation. If there is a significant radiation threat, health
care authorities may or may not advise you to take potassium
iodide. Potassium iodide is the same stuff added to your table
salt to make it iodized. It may or may not protect your thyroid gland,
which is particularly vulnerable, from radioactive iodine exposure. Plan
to speak with your health care provider in advance about
what makes sense for your family.