Why so we see so
many cigarette butts on the ground? (or, why do some people litter?)

Cigarette butts accumulate
in the environment due to:
1. The popularity of plastic cigarette filters
2. The habit some smokers have to "toss their butt" rather than use
ashtrays
3. Bans on indoor smoking

1. The popularity
of plastic cigarette filters
Prior to 1954, most cigarettes were nonfiltered. In the mid-1950s, sales of
filtered cigarettes increased dramatically as the cause-effect relationship
between smoking and cancer became reported extensively in the press. Before
these reports, in 1950, sales of filtered cigarettes in the U.S. were 1.5% of
all cigarette sales. Now, more than 97% of cigarettes sold in the US have filters.
Click here for more information about the number
of cigarettes consumed in the U.S.

2. The habit some
smokers have to "toss their butt" rather than use ashtrays
People who wouldn't think of littering with something large, such as a bottle
or box of trash, often believe that it is OK to litter a cigarette butt. Why
is this? Why do some people litter? Coming soon: a summary from several research
projects that asked the question "WHY DO SOME PEOPLE LITTER?"

3. Bans on indoor
smoking
The recent bans on indoor smoking in the
US, Canada, European nations, and in Asia have also appeared to cause a shift
in cigarette butt deposition. Circumstantial evidence indicates that more cigarette
butts are accumulating outside of buildings due to the popularity of indoor
smoking bans. In Australia, cigarette butts account for 50% of all litter, a
trend that the executive director of Keep Australia Clean blames partly on indoor
no-smoking policies. Ireland is also seeing more cigarette litter due to its
ban on indoor smoking. Click
here for newspaper articles about how communities find cigarette litter
increases when smoking is banned inside. Click
here for more on workplace smoking bans, and how they impact cigarette
litter in the environment.

Read
all about cigarette butt litter!

Click
here to read an article that waspublished
in the August 2000 issue of the American Littoral Society journal, The
Underwater Naturalist. This article, by CVW's Executive Director Kathleen
M. Register, includes background data, such as the fact that 2.1 billion
pounds of cigarette filters were discarded worldwide in 1998, along with
results of her research showing that leached chemicals from cigarette
filters are deadly to the water flea Daphnia magna, a small crustacean
at the lower end of, but important to the aquatic food chain.