Shortcomings

For general oxidation applications, laccases may be inferior to peroxidases in terms of oxidation potency, because their E° (-0.4-0.8 V) is relatively low compared with that of heme peroxidases (-1 V). Laccases may also be inferior to oxygenases in terms of stereo (particularly enantio) selectivity when applied for synthesis, because they oxidize substrates by abstracting electrons (to yield radical products), rather than forming covalent intermediates. In general fungal laccases are destabilized at temperatures above -50-60 °C (even though the enzyme could withstand alkaline pH up to -10 at room temperature). Typical laccases are often inactive toward insoluble substances or oligo/polymerized soluble substrates [38], although this may be overcome by using mediators (see Section 2.2.1.6).

Qigong also spelled Ch'i Kung is a potent system of healing and energy medicine from China. It's the art and science of utilizing breathing methods, gentle movement, and meditation to clean, fortify, and circulate the life energy qi.