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Thursday, November 18, 2010

According to a nutrition professor at the University of Rhode Island - Chewing sugar-free gum can abridge calorie intake and accentuate energy expenditure.

Kathleen Melanson, the URI associate professor of nutrition and food sciences, reached to this conclusion by comparing gum chewing to non-gum chewing in healthy adult volunteers, who came to her lab for two standardized tests in random order.

When the research subjects chewed gum for a total of one hour in the morning (three 20-minute gum-chewing sessions), they consumed 67 fewer calories at lunch and did not compensate by eating more later in the day. Male participants also reported feeling significantly less hungry after chewing gum.

It was also discovered that when her subjects chewed gum before and after eating, they spent around 5 percent more energy than when they did not chew gum. Apart from this, her subjects reported feeling more energetic after chewing gum.
Based on these results,Melanson concluded that gum chewing integrates energy expenditure and energy intake, and that is what energy balance is about. She further elaborated that the nerves in the muscles of the jaw are stimulated by the motion of chewing and then send signals to the appetite section of the brain that is linked to satiety, which may explain why the act of chewing might help to reduce hunger.

Melanson said that she expected that chewing would increase the amount of energy her subjects expended.

"However, what makes the energy expenditure data particularly interesting is that this study simulated real-life gum chewing, with the subjects chewing at their own relaxed, natural pace and for realistic time periods," she said.

In her study, 35 male and female subjects made two visits to the URI Energy Metabolism Lab after having fasted over night. During one visit, they chewed gum for 20 minutes before consuming a breakfast shake and twice more during the three hours before lunch. During both visits, participants remained as still as possible as measurements were conducted of their resting metabolism rates and blood glucose levels at regular intervals before and after breakfast and lunch. They also conducted periodic self-assessments of their feelings of hunger, energy and other factors during both visits.

"This was a short term study, so the next step is to do a longer study and to use subjects who need to lose weight.But based on these initial results, one could hypothesize that gum chewing may be a useful adjunct to a weight management program," said Melanson.