A fictitious space probe...

A ficticious space probe recently discovered a perfectly spherical moon of Jupiter. While taking photographs of the surface, the probe orbited directly above the moon's equator. If the probe's orbit was exactly 2km longer than the circumfrence of the moon, how high above the moon did the probe orbit?

A ficticious space probe recently discovered a perfectly spherical moon of Jupiter.
While taking photos of the surface, the probe orbited directly above the moon's equator.
If the probe's orbit was exactly 2km longer than the circumference of the moon,
how high above the moon did the probe orbit?

It looks like there isn't enough information given in the problem,. . but the answer is surprisingly simple.

Let R = radius of the moon on kilometers.
Then the circumference of the moon is: 2πR km.

Let h be the height of the probe above the moon's surface.
Then the circumference of the probe's orbit is: 2π(R + h) km.

We are told the probe's orbit is exactly 2 km longer than the circumference of the moon. The circumference of the moon is 2(pi)R. The radius of the orbit of the probe is R + h, where h is the height of the probe over the moon's surface, so the circumference of the circle it traces is 2(pi)(R + h) = 2(pi)R + 2(pi)h. Subtracting the two gives 2 km:
[2(pi)R + 2(pi)h] - 2(pi)R = 2