6 Oxidation, Reduction (No way to make this fun)Reducing agents lose electrons and are oxidized, and the oxidizing agents gains electrons and is reduced.The oxidizing agent removes electrons from another substance, and is thus itself reduced.Because it "accepts" electrons, the oxidizing agent is also called an electron acceptor.Oxygen is the quintessential oxidizer.

7 Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATPBreakdown of organic molecules is exergonicEnergy Released

45 Evolutionary Significance of GlycolysisGlycolysis occurs in nearly all organismsProbably evolved before O2 in the atmosphere

46 Catabolism of various molecules from foodAminoacidsSugarsGlycerolFattyGlycolysisGlucoseGlyceraldehyde-3- PPyruvateAcetyl CoANH3CitricacidcycleOxidativephosphorylationFatsProteinsCarbohydratesFigure 9.19Beta Oxidation2X more ATP

47 Biosynthesis (Anabolic Pathways)The body uses small molecules to build other substancesSome Intermediates of glycoysis and the Kreb’s Cycle can be used to form amino acids

48 The control of cellular respirationGlucoseGlycolysisFructose-6-phosphatePhosphofructokinaseFructose-1,6-bisphosphateInhibitsPyruvateATPAcetyl CoACitricacidcycleCitrateOxidativephosphorylationStimulatesAMP+–Figure 9.20