Royal College of Music, Stockholm

The Royal College of Music, Stockholm (SwedishKungliga Musikhögskolan i Stockholm) is the oldest institution of higher education in music in Sweden, founded in 1771 as the conservatory of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. The conservatory was made independent of the Academy in 1971.

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University
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A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education, the word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means community of teachers and scholars. Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages, the original Latin word universitas refers in general to a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members, an important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university, the University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of academic freedom and this is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988,430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bolognas foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, the university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and it is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were founded by Kings or municipal administrations. In the early period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries, the first universities in Europe with a form of corporate/guild structure were the University of Bologna, the University of Paris, and the University of Oxford. The students had all the power … and dominated the masters, princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts. The rediscovery of Aristotles works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated–fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotles works a turning point in the history of Western thought and this became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students. The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, while Hippocrates, Galen, outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter

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Karolinska Institute
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The Karolinska Institute is a medical university in Solna within the Stockholm urban area, Sweden, and one of the largest and most prestigious medical universities in the world. The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and it consists of fifty professors from various medical disciplines at the university. In 2017 Ole Petter Ottersen was nominated to become rector of the university, the Karolinska Institute was founded in 1810 on Kungsholmen on the west side of Stockholm, the main campus was relocated decades later to Solna, just outside Stockholm. A second campus was established recently in Flemingsberg, Huddinge. The Karolinska Institute is Swedens third oldest medical school, after Uppsala University, Research at the Karolinska Institute accounts for more than 40% of all academic medical research in Sweden. The Karolinska University Hospital, located in Solna and Huddinge, is associated with the university as a research, together they form an academic health science centre. It is one of Swedens largest centres for training and research, while most of the medical programs are taught in Swedish, the bulk of the Ph. D. projects are conducted in English. The institutes name is a reference to the Caroleans, the medical skills of the army barber-surgeons are manifestly inadequate, so Sweden needs to train surgeons in order to better prepare the country for future wars. 1811 The Karolinska Institute is licensed to train not only surgeons,1813 As one of KIs first professors, Jöns Jacob Berzelius lays the foundations of KIs scientific orientation. 1816 The newly inaugurated institute is named Carolinska Institutet, a title that never makes an impact. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska institutet, however, proves more popular, especially when preceded by the epithet Kongliga and it is in connection with the student revolt of 1968 that the name is shortened to Karolinska Institutet, or KI as it is now commonly known. Anders Johan Hagströmer is appointed the institutes first inspector, a post equivalent to todays president, Hagströmer is a professor of anatomy and surgery, with a background from the Collegium Medicum, the National Board of Health and Welfare of its day. This same year, the moves to the old Glasbruk quarter on Norr Mälarstrand. The move across the waters of Riddarfjärden is made on barges, one of which is said to have capsized and his library survives intact, however, and today forms part of the KI-Swedish Society of Medicine book museum at KIs Hagströmer Library. 1861 The institute is awarded the right to confer degrees and is granted an equal to that of a university. 1866 The old building on the Glasbruk plot is torn down and replaced by a new, the new institute is built in stages, mostly during the 1880s and into the first decade of the 20th century. The building stands to day, and has remained largely unchanged since its erection. 1874 KI is licensed to confer medical degrees, previously, even though the institute could run courses in medicine, the right to confer medical degrees was almost exclusively that of Uppsala University

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Herbert Blomstedt
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Herbert Blomstedt is a conductor laureate of the San Francisco Symphony. Herbert Blomstedt was born in Springfield, Massachusetts and two years after his birth, his Swedish parents moved the back to their country of origin. Blomstedt also lived in Finland during his youth and he won the Koussevitzky Conducting Prize in 1953 and the Salzburg Conducting Competition in 1955. A devout Seventh-day Adventist, Blomstedt does not rehearse on Friday nights or Saturdays and he does, however, conduct concerts, since he considers actual performances to be an expression of his religious devotion rather than work. He has been Music Director or Principal Conductor of the Norrköping Symphony Orchestra, Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, Danish Radio Symphony, Blomstedt was music director of the San Francisco Symphony from 1985 to 1995. After leaving San Francisco full-time, Blomstedt held principal conductorships with the North German Radio Symphony and Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra

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Viking Dahl
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Viking Dahl, was a Swedish composer, active also as a painter and an author. He was brother to K. G. William Dahl, Viking Dahl was born in Osby in Scania and studied at the Royal College of Music 1915-1919 in Stockholm and thereafter in Copenhagen and Berlin. During a stay in Paris 1920, he wrote the dance drama Maison de Fous for Ballets Suédois and he developed his own avant-gardism during his studies in Stockholm, and in Paris he met the radical French composers of the time, among them Darius Milhaud and Maurice Ravel. When he returned to Sweden he became an organist in Varberg, Viking Dahl, biography Viking Dahl and the Piano, by Olof Höjer

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Gunnar de Frumerie
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Per Gunnar Fredrik de Frumerie was a Swedish composer and pianist. He was the son of architect Gustaf de Frumerie and Maria Helleday, after studying piano in Stockholm and Vienna, he studied under Alfred Cortot in Paris. He then studied at the Royal College of Music, Stockholm from 1923–1928, Frumerie later taught the piano at the same college, from 1945 to 1974. His compositions covered an area, from grand opera to piano miniatures. His works possess a Brahmsian complexity mixed with an impressionistic elegance, one can relate his music to composers like Lars-Erik Larsson or Wilhelm Peterson-Berger. Although not noted for his work, he did write an opera. He wrote many songs, often to words by Pär Lagerkvist, the cello concerto has an interesting history. It was adapted from his second cello sonata and he then adapted it into a trombone concerto, and was his last completed work. It was specifically written for the Swedish trombone virtuoso Christian Lindberg, the Swedish mezzo-soprano Anne Sofie von Otter is related to Frumerie, as she is descended from the Frumerie family. They were both members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music, the soprano Nina Stemme is a Frumerie relative, too

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Lars-Erik Larsson
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Lars-Erik Larsson was a Swedish composer. Lars-Erik Vilner Larsson was born in Åkarp in 1908, the son of a factory worker and his style as a composer is eclectic, ranging from the late Romantic to techniques derived from Arnold Schoenbergs twelve-note system, but original in method. He was the first Swede to write serial music, yet other works of that period are post-Sibelian or neo-classical, and his output generally is characterized by variety of style. He wrote for the theatre, cinema and broadcasting, in addition to the traditional forms of symphony, concerto, chamber. He died of complications in Helsingborg in 1986, aged 78. 2, Op.17 Symphony No.3 in C minor, Op.34 Other works for orchestra, A Winters Tale, Op.18 Larsson also wrote a Sinfonietta for string orchestra and a popular Little Serenade for the same medium. He wrote a series of 12 concertinos for solo instruments, flute, saxophone, clarinet, bassoon, oboe, horn, trumpet, trombone, violin, viola, cello, double bass and piano. Larssons Concerto for alto saxophone, written for Sigurd Raschèr in 1934, is one of the first major works for saxophone to utilize ideas of non-standard tonality, the Violin Concerto, Op.42 is another important work, as is the opera Prinsessan av Cypern

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Otto Olsson
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Otto Olsson was a Swedish composer of classical music. Otto Olsson was one of the greatest organ virtuosos of his time and he studied organ with Lagergren and composition with Dente at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music, and then joined the faculty there, where he taught harmony and then organ. He was also the organist at the Gustaf Vasa Church in Stockholm and he became a member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Music in 1915. He used his background in counterpoint, combined with an affinity for French organ music. He also had an interest in music and used the plainchant techniques of Gregorian chant in his Gregorianska melodier. He explored polytonality in his work, an advancement not found in other Swedish works of the time. In addition to many works for the organ, instrumental and choral works, his best-known work is his setting of the Te Deum, a large piece for chorus, string orchestra, harp. He also composed Psalm settings for congregational use and wrote two books, on the art of choral singing and psalm singing