Cadmium and high vitamin A intake are both proposed risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD), but potential
interactions have not been studied. Within the Women’s Health in the Lund Area, a population-based study in southern
Sweden,wemeasured retinol in serumamong 606womenaged 54–64 y. Data onBMDwere measured byDXAat the distal
forearm. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and osteocalcin in serum and deoxypyridinoline
(DPD) and cadmium in urine were...