Encephalitis

Definition

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. The inflammation may be in the whole brain or just parts of the brain. The swelling can stop the brain from working properly, increase pressure in the skull, and damage brain tissue.

Your brain's electrical activity may be tested. This can be done with an electroencephalogram (EEG).

Treatment

There are very few treatments for viruses, they simply have to run their course. Most treatment will focus on supporting the body until the virus has passed. Treatment will be based on individual needs but may include:

Antiviral drugs to shorten the duration of the illness

Steroids to reduce inflammation in the brain

Diuretics to decrease pressure inside the head

Intubation to support breathing; may also help decrease pressure in the head

Anticonvulsant medication to prevent and/or treat seizures

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of encephalitis:

Make sure that you and your children have recommended vaccinations

Protect yourself from mosquito bites especially in area at high risk of infection. Helpful steps include:

Fix window screens.

Drain standing water around your home.

Wear long clothes after dark.

Use repellent when you are outside.

If you are sleeping outside, use proper mosquito netting at night. Look for netting treated with insecticide.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.