2016-11-23 Probably this means, “Come, you guys!” Macl. Gr. §46, p. 120: “ܐܵܬܹܐto come O.S. […]
Imperative:ܬܵܐ U. J.:
ܬܹܐܡܘܼܢ (Zlama second sound) U.”
The Zlama second sound means [e(ː)], as opposed to the first sound [i(ː)] (Macl. Gr. §5).
Macl. Dict. 314: ܬܵܐ tâ, I. OS., imp. of
ܐܵܬܹܐto come […]
The pl. is ܬܹܐܡܘܼܢ témûn U. […] tâmûn, -ûkh Sal. Q.”:
where é means [e] as in French né.
So here, she is probably using a dialect of Urmi, or possible that of Salamas or Qudshanis (Quchanis); while the next word hāwẙwāḥ is in the Tkhuma dialect (the Urmi version is dû(y)wāḥ, the Q. version is hāwḥā).
Although in 2013 I wrote [tʰɛːmʊn], I now think this one is more like [tʰe(ː)mʊn], possibly slightly wider, but definitely not quite [ɛ].

**Qochanis is called Qudshanis (Q) in Grammar of the dialects of vernacular Synac, belonging to the Northern group.
Its dialect is Northern Assyrian, as opposed to Urmi Assyrian.
Today the place is called Konak, located in the Hakkâri Province of Turkey.

2016-11-22
Macl. Gr. §29 (16): “Here he is and the like are expressed differently in different districts.
[…] Tkh. [=Tkhuma] […] ܗܵܘܝܘܵܚ (ܝ silent).”
This may be the expression used here: hāwwāḥ /hʌwwʌχ/, where /(i)wʌχ/ = “we”

*3 Soft k is here: Kap is always aspirated word-finally (Alan 104).

ܓܵܘ

ܐܵܬ݂ܘ̈ܵܬ݂ܲܢ

ܫܸܛܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ

gāw [ɡʊː] †

ʾāθẅāθăn *4 [ɑt.wɑːtɐn] **

ʃĭṭr̈ānēʾ *5 [ʃʊtˤ.ɾɑːnɪ]

in, into / dans, à

our letters / nos lettres (f.)

beautiful / belles

† 2013-08-12:
= Classic Syriac ܒܓ̥ܰܘ.
Dictionary of the Dialects 45:
ܓܵܘ gô U[rmia].
J[ilu]. Sp. [Sipurghan/Soporgān] Al[qosh]. as OS., or ܓܘܿ gû K[urdistan].
Sal[amas]. Sp. Az[erbaijani Jews, meaning in this case NW Persian Jews, i.e. Lishán Didán (trg) and Hulaulá (huy)]. and rarely U. [...] in (local); into [...]; within [...] But in Al. Ash. ܓܵܘ‎ = ܒ and is not only local, also by, by menas of
BTW: Juliana Jendo is from Tal Tamer, near Al-Hasakah, NE Syria. So geographically her dialect could be West Syriac (tru), but Ethnologue shows the area as an “isolated island” of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (aii).

*4 ܐܳܬܘܽܬܳܐ “a letter of the alphabet”,
pl. ܐܳܬܘܴ̈ܬܳܐ.
Or in Madnhaya,
ܐܵܬ݂ܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ and ܐܵܬ݂ܘ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ.
It is not very clear how many of those Tăw’s are soft, but in the singular form, the first Taw is supposed to be soft (R1.2: Soft after a syllable-ending ā), and the second Taw is too (R3.2).
For the plural form,
the first Taw is soft thanks to R2.3 (Soft when closing a word-initial syllable);
the second Taw is also soft, again by R1.2.
In short, all of the four Taw’s are soft.
Note that ܐܳܬܳܐ “a sign” has the same pl. form.

About the plural form of ʾāθūθāʾ, see Alan 65 (8).
The plural form of a word ending in ܬܵܐ like this one is created by giving a Zqāphā ‏◌ܵ to the letter preceding the Tăw, while making the second preceding letter vowelless.
An example is,
ܡܲܠܟܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ “kingdom”,
and ܡܲܠܟ̈ܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ “kingdoms”.

*5 In theory, this should be ʃĭṭrāntēʾ or something, because it’s supposed to be feminine;
in reality, the normal (masculine) plural form is used here.
/ʃ/ may sound somewhat like [ʂ] here.

** In the intro, ܐܵܬ݂ܘ̈ܵܬ݂ܲܢ is pronounced like [ɑtwɑːtɛn(ɪ)], while here it’s more like [ɑtwɑːtɐn],
where the difference between [ɑ] and [ɐ] is not very clear.

Ālap Bēt: Lines for Shīn and Tăw

2013-04-07

ܫܝܼܢ

ܫܲܥܪ̈‌ܹ (?)

ܫܲܡܥܵܢܹ̈ܐ

ʃīn [ʃiːn]

ʃăʕr̈ē *1 [ʃɛ(ʕ)ɾɘ] ??

ʃămʕān̈ēʾ [ʃɛm.mɑnɪː]

Shīn

poems / des poèmes

hearer / quelqu'un qui entend

ܬܲܘ

ܬܲܫܥܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ

ܬܲܢܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ

tăw [tɔw] *2

tăʃʕīθāʾ *3 [tɛʃ.ʕiːtɔ]

tănyān̈ēʾ [tɛn.jɑ.nɪʔ]

Taw

history / l'histoire

tellers / des raconteurs

*1 Urmiah. The singular form is ܫܲܥܪ.
According to the subtitles, the actual word is plural, which I don't know how to spell.

** Possibly [hɛ̞men.tɑː] — the first vowel is wider than [e], but not quite [ɛ], while the second vowel is basically [e], though it may be centralized.
hăm(m)ānθāʾ if classic (R3.3), but this is Urmiah (aii).

*** wālyuθāʾ if classic (R3.2), but this is Urmiah (aii).

ܙܲܝܢ

ܙܝܼܘܵܢܵܐ

ܙܪܘܼܥܬܵܐ

zăyn [zɛːn] ¶

zīwānāʾ [ziːwɑnɘ]

zruʕtāʾ [zɾuːtɑː]

Zain

weed / une mauvaise herbe

sowing / l'action de semer

ܚܹܝܬ݂

ܚܘܼܒܵܐ

ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܵܐ

ḥēyθ [χɛːt] ¶

ḥubbāʾ [χob.bɔ] *

hēʾrūθāʾ [χeːɾutɑ] **

Hēth

love / l'amour

freedom / liberté

¶ Possibly narrower than [ɛː].
Actually, this sounds like [ɛ̞ːɛ], that is,
the mouth is opened wider while you are saying ‘eh’.

*2 Alan 91 says ܚܢܲܢ (we)
becomes ܚ݇ܢܲܢ
after a plural -n.
In Prin. 43 (The principles of Syriac grammar,
by Andreas Gottlieb Hoffmann &
B[enjamin] Harris Cowper, page 43, §91),
the ܚ is not marked silent.
However, Prin. 33 does say:
ܚܢܰܢ as a verb subst. frequently rejects ܚ, and
coalesces with the previous word. Even when ܚܢܰܢ is written separately after a p[articiple], many drop the ܚ in pronunciation.
(Sidenote: The Internet Archive version of Prin. is much higher-quality than Google’s.)

*3 According to Prin. 43,
the short form is
ܟܳܬ݂ܒܻܝܢܰܢ,
that is
ܟܵܬ݂ܒܝܼܢܲܢ,
for both 1 m. pl and 1 f. pl.

Plural Participles with Past forms of hwā

ܟܵܬ݂ܒܝܼܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ

ܟܵܬ݂ܒܝܼܢ ܗ݇ܘܲܝܬܘܿܢ

ܟܵܬ݂ܒܝܼܢ ܗ݇ܘܲܝܢ

kāθbīn h̊wāw

kāθbīn h̊wăyton

kāθbīn h̊wăyn

They (m) were writing

You guys were writing

We (m) were writing

ܟܵܬ݂̈ܒܵܢ ܗ݇ܘܲܝ̈

ܟܵܬ݂̈ܒܵܢ ܗ݇ܘܲܝܬܹ݁ܝ̈ܢ

ܟܵܬ݂̈ܒܵܢ ܗ݇ܘܲܝܢ

kāθ̈bān h̊wăÿ

kāθ̈bān h̊wăytēÿn

kāθ̈bān h̊wăyn

They (f) were writing

You girls were writing

We (f) were writing

The part. and pron. form a true present:
ܝܳܗܶܒ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ [yāhex ʾånāʾ] ‘I am giving.’
We have already shown that the pret. [preterite] and imperf. are similarly expressed, generally by means of
ܗܘܳܐ ‘he was’;
‘they were eating’,
ܐܰܟܠܻܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ [ʾăxlīn h̊wăw (sic, not h̊wāw)].

The Part. act. Peal, has ā after the 1st rad., and
e after the 2nd, which falls away without a trace, when it comes into an
open syllable (§106):
sg. m. ܩܳܛܶܠ [qāṭel];
sg. f. ܩܳܛܠܴܐ [qāṭlāʾ];
pl. m. ܩܳܛܠܻܝܢ [qāṭlīn];
pl. f. ܩܴ̈ܛܠܴܢ [q̈āṭlān].

Another Bug in TUS: Combining (MINUS SIGN vs. MACRON) Below

2013-03-29

When both the second and third letters of a noun or a verb have no vowels,
a small line may be placed under or above the third letter to denote that the second letter is to be pronounced with a Half-Zlama vowel (working like a furtive pataḥ in Hebrew).

ܡܲܕܢ̱ܚܵܐ
or
ܡܲܕܢ݈ܚܵܐ
măðənḥāʾ “east”

ܡܲܫܬ̄ܝܵܐ
or
ܡܲܫܬ݇ܝܵܐ
măʃətyāʾ “banquet”

Generally, if the third letter is
“vowel-ish” (y, w; ʔ, ʕ, h; r, l, n, m), the line is placed under it (mhăgyānāʾ: Prin. 21b Mehagyono);
otherwise above the letter (mărh́ṭānāʾ [mărəhṭ-]: Prin. 21a Marhetono). But there are exceptions.

Ālap Bēt: Lines for Mīm, Nūn, Sĭmkăth, and ʕē

2013-03-28

ܡܝܼܡ

ܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܵܐ (ܡܲܕܪܸܫܬܵܐ)

ܡܲܠܦܵܢܹ̈ܐ

mīm [mi(ː)m]

măḏrăʃtāʾ [mad.ɾɛʃtɔ]

mălpān̈ēʾ [mæl.pɑːnɪː]

Mīm

school / une école

teachers / enseignants

ܡܲܕܪܲܫܬܵܐ (Eastern Syriac):
generally, d is soft (R2.3),
though it may be hard in this case since it’s an Arabic word (مَدْرَسَة).
Also, ܡܲܕܪܸܫܬܵܐ (Urmiah).
[ʃ] might be [ʂ]-ish here, unlike in lĭʃānēʾ.
Maybe this is like [mad.ɾɛ.ʃ(ᵊ)tɔ] ??

ܢܘܼܢ

ܢܲܪܓܝܼܣ

ܢܝܼܣܵܢܹ̈ܐ (ܒܹܝܢܝܼܣܵܢܹ̈ܐ) (?)

nūn [nuːn]

nărgīs [naɾɡes]

nīsān̈ēʾ [niːsɑːnɪʔ]

Nūn

narcissus / une narcisse

spring / du printemps

ܣܸܡܟܲܬ݂

ܣܸܡܹܠܹܐ (?)

ܣܵܗܕܹ̈ܐ *

sĭmkăθ [simkɛt]

sĭm(m)ēlēʾ [seːmeːlɘ]

sāhð̈ēʾ [sɑh.dɘː]

Semkath

Simele (Sumail)

martyrs / des martyrs

* When the word does not have a Rēsh, the second preference for the Syām̈ē may be a Dālath (Alan 40).
The plural of sāhdāʾ is actually written this way (Alan 63).
Dālath + Syām̈ē can be slightly confusing, because it looks like Rēsh + Syām̈ē except it has an additional dot below.
Since Dalath + Syame is not a ligature, you don’t need to worry about Normalization.

Note 2: Apparently, d is soft: sāhd̠ā.
This is like R1.2 (Ṭāʋā), except that the first syllable is closed with -h.

ܥܹܐ

ܥܲܝܒ݂ܵܬ ???

ܥܢܵܢܹ̈ܐ

ʕē {ʕăyn} [ʕajɪn]

ʕăyʋāt [ʕaɪwɑːt] (?)

ʕnān̈ēʾ (enānē) [ʕɔnɑːnɪʔ] (?)

ʿĒ

cloud / un nuage (?)

clouds / des nuages

The Syriac name of the letter is ʿĒ but apparently it is called ʿAy(i)n here, like Arabic or Hebrew.

Eastern Syriac: ܥܲܝܒܵܐ, also
ܥܲܝܡܵܐ;
Urmiah: ܥܲܝܒ݂ܵܐ.
For some reason, it has -t in this song.
Cf.
Arabic غَيْمَةٌ

Alan 52: The final one of his 5 Lessons on Quʃʃāyā vs. Rukkāxā

2013-03-27

R3.1 Dēʾʋā Type
A consonant (bgdkpt) is soft after ēʾ or ēy.

ܕܹܐܒ݂ܵܐ

ܣܢܹܐܓ݂ܪܵܐ

ܥܹܐܕ݂ܵܐ

ܡܹܐܟ݂ܠܵܐ (ܡܸܐܟ݂ܠܵܐ)

ܪܬܹܝܬ݂ܵܐ

dēʾʋāʾ

snēʾɣrāʾ

ʕēʾðāʾ

mēʾxlāʾ (mĭʾxlāʾ)

rtēyθāʾ

wolf / un loup

defender / un défenseur

festival / une fête

fodder / le fourrage

fear

R3.2 Ţăybūθā Type
A word final -uθāʾ is soft.

ܣܲܟ݂ܠܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ

ܥܲܒ݂ܕܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ

ܛܲܝܒܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ

săxlūθāʾ 1

ʕăʋduθāʾ 2

ṭăybūθāʾ

stupidity / l'imbécilité

service / le service

goodness / la bonté

R3.3 Tbăʕθā Type
A word final -ăCθāʾ is soft.

ܣܒܲܪܬ݂ܵܐ

ܬܒܲܥܬ݂ܵܐ

ܡܲܚܫܲܒ݂ܬ݂ܵܐ

sbărθāʾ

tbăʕθāʾ

măḥʃăʋθāʾ 2

trusting / l'espoir

request / une demande

making think / l'action de faire réfléchir

1 k is also soft (R2.3).
2 b is also soft (R2.3).

Ālap Bēt: Lines for Kāph and Lāmadh

2013-03-27

ܟܵܦ݂

ܟܵܡܲܬܪܹ̈ܐ
*

ܟܲܪ̈ܡܵܢܹܐ **

kāᵽ [kʲap]

kāmătr̈ēʾ [kʲam.metɾeo̯]

kăr̈mānēʾ [kermɑːnɪː]

Kāph

pears / des poires (m)

vineyards / des vignes

* If typed normally and normalized (Rēsh + ē + Syām̈ē), any font (East Syriac Adiabene/East Syriac Ctesiphon/ES Nohadra) does not show the ligature right
(ܟܵܡܲܬܪܹ̈ܐ).
The non-normalized version
(ܟܵܡܲܬܪܹ̈ܐ)
appears to be auto-normalized on Firefox (but not on MSIE).
As a work around, this one is Rēsh + Syām̈ē + ZWJ + ē.

Juliana Jendo’s Ālap Bēt: Lines for Ṭēth and Yōdh

2013-03-26

ܛܹܝܬ݂

ܛܹܝܪܵܐ

ܛܘܼܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ (?)*

ţēyθ [tˤe̝ːt̚]

ţēyrāʾ [tˤe̝ːɾɔ] **

ţur̈ānēʾ [tˤu(ː)ɾɑːnɪː]

Ṭēth

bird / un oiseau

mountains?

After ṭ the vowel e sounds narrower, more constrained, than the normal [e], somewhat like [ɪ],
or perhaps like [ø].
On the other hand, nē in ṭur̈ānēʾ sounds like [nɪ] though it is still a kind of [ne].

** ā may be pronounced [ɔ(ː)] after r (Oro 16).
However, the same does not happen in rā in ṭur̈ānēʾ.
It might be somewhat like [rɒː], but more like [rɑː], and certainly not like [nɔː].

ܝܘܿܕ

ܝܘܼܠܦܵܢܵܐ

ܝܘܼܬ݂ܪ̈ܵܢܹܐ *

yōð [jud̥]

yulpānāʾ [jul.pɑːnɔ]

yuθr̈ānēʾ [jut.ɾɑːnɪʔ]

Yōdh (Yūdh)

knowledge / les études

advantages / les avantages

* Singular: ܝܘܼܬ݂ܪܵܢܵܐ.
The subtitle says “advantage” but this should be plural.

Also, though the subtitle says “student”, the second word appears to be “study”.

2013-03-25

R2.2 Ărnʋā Type
— Soft after two consonants.
Perhaps like ā.ʋ / ī.ʋ ?

ܐܲܪܢܒ݂ܵܐ

ܡܲܠܟܬ݂ܵܐ (ܡܲܠܟܬ݂ܵ‍ܐ)

ܫܲܪܒܬ݂ܵܐ

ܙܡܲܪܓܕ݂ܵܐ

ʾărnʋāʾ

mălkθāʾ (?)

ʃărbθāʾ (?)

zmărgðāʾ *

hare / un lièvre

queen / une reine

generation / une génération

emerald / émeraude

* Gr. σμάραγδος/zmáraɡdos/

R2.2a
For the purpose of this clause,
ܐ‎,
ܘ‎, or
ܝ‎
is not considered as a consonant.

ܬܹܐܪܬܵܐ

ܚܹܐܪܬܵܐ

ܐܲܝܠܬܵܐ

tēʾrtāʾ

ḥēʾrtāʾ

ʾăyltāʾ

conscience / la conscience

free (f) / libre (f)

hind / une biche

R2.3 ʃăʋrā Type
— Soft when closing a word-initial syllable.
In general,
when ܒ &c is vowelless, standing second, and is preceded by a letter that has a vowel.

ܫܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ

ܦܲܓ݂ܪܵܐ

ܓܲܕ݂ܝܵܐ

ܡܲܬ݂ܠܵܐ

ʃăʋrāʾ

păɣrāʾ

găðyāʾ

măθlāʾ

infant / un bébé

body / le corps

kid / chevreau

parable / parabole

This rule explains why d is soft in ܡܲܕܢܚܵܝܵܐ (măðnḥāyāʾ).

2013-03-24

Word-final «Tăw* + Ālăᵽ» Ligature: (1) after a left-connecting character,
usually like
ܒܬܐ‎;
(2) otherwise generally like
ܕܬܐ‎ (although, there seems to exist a non-right-joining form of the ligature).
Note also that the non-ligature form of (1) is forced by ZWJ
(ܒܬ‍ܐ‎), and not by ZWNJ
(ܒܬ‌ܐ‎ = WRONG).

* Alan calls it “ܬܵܘ” but it is
ܬܰܘ (or
ܬܰܐܘ) that is
ܬܲܘ (Smith 601).

Alan 51: ܪܘܼܟܵܟ݂ܵܐ Rukkāxāʾ Part 2

R2.1 Pθāḥā Type — Ḇ in CḆV is soft: that is, the second consonant of a syllable-starting consonant cluster is soft.
[Perhaps only when followed by ā. See rtēyθāʾ (R3.1), sbărθāʾ & tbăʕθāʾ (R3.3).]

ܚܒ݂ܵܠܵܐ

ܩܕ݂ܵܠܵܐ

ܦܟ݂ܵܪܵܐ

ܦܬ݂ܵܚܵܐ

ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ

ܚܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ

ḥʋālāʾ

qðālāʾ

pxārāʾ

pθāḥāʾ

rʋāṣāʾ

ḥʋāṣāʾ

destruction / la destruction

neck / le cou

bond / un lien

to open / ouvrir

Rwasa

Hwasa

Syllable-starting Bā is soft after o or ī

2013-03-23

A Bɣăð-kpāθ [bghadh-kphath] consonant (ܒ &c) is soft when it is a syllable-starting phoneme followed by ā, if the previous syllable ends in o or ī.
In other words, a bghadh is soft after a syllable-ending o or ī, if the following vowel is ā.

R1.3 Māloxā Type — Ḇ in -oḆā is soft: that is, a syllable-starting ܒ etc. is soft
after ܘܿ (Ruʋāṣā) and before ‏◌ܵ (Zqāphā).

ܟܵܬ݂ܘܿܒ݂ܵܐ

ܡܵܙܘܿܓ݂ܵܐ

ܥܵܒ݂ܘܿܕ݂ܵܐ

ܡܵܠܘܿܟ݂ܵܐ

ܢܵܟ݂ܘܿܬ݂ܵܐ

kāθoʋāʾ *1

māzoɣāʾ

ʕāʋoðāʾ *2

māloxāʾ

nāxoθāʾ *3

writer / un écrivain

mixer / un mélangeur

doer / un acteur

counselor / un conseiller

biter / quelqu’un qui mord

*1 t is also soft due to R1.2.
*2 b is also soft due to R1.2.
*3 k is also soft due to R1.2.

R1.4 Ṣlīʋā Type — Ḇ in īḆā is also soft: that is, a syllable-starting ܒ etc. is soft
after ܝܼ (Ḥʋāṣā) and before ‏◌ܵ (Zqāphā).

ܨܠܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ

ܒܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ

ܥܒ݂ܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ

ܚܲܬܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ܚܲܬܝܼܬ݂ܵ‍ܐ)

ṣlīʋāʾ

brīxāʾ *1

ʕʋīðāʾ *2

ḥăttīθāʾ *3

cross / une croix

blessed / béni

done / fait

accurate / exact

*1 b is hard word-initially (Q1.1).
*2 b is soft, the second of initial two consonants (R2.1).
*3 B in ăBī is usually hard, often doubled (Q1.2).

2013-03-22

R1.2 Ṭāʋā Type — Ḇ in -āḆV is soft: that is, a syllable-starting ܒ etc. is soft after ‏◌ܵ (Zqāphā).
Soft after a syllable-ending ā.

ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ

ܥܝܵܕ݂ܵܐ

ܬܵܓ݂ܵܐ

ܣܵܟ݂ܵܐ

ܣܵܒ݂ܵܐ

ṭāʋāʾ

ʕyāðāʾ

tāɣāʾ

sāxāʾ

sāʋāʾ

good / bon

a custom / une coutume

crown / une couronne

boundary / une limite

old / vieux

This rule explains why ph in Zqāphā is soft, even though this word is pronounced as Z̥qāpā in East Syriac.
Also: Rukkāxā.

R1.2.1 (Comment): The same may happen even when there is an -h closing the first syllable, as in:
sāhd̠ā.

2013-03-21

Alan 50: ܪܘܼܟܵܟ݂ܵܐ Rukkāxāʾ Part 1

x in Rukkāxā - soft after a syllable-ending ā (R1.2).

R1.1 Kuθmā Type — Ḇ in uḆC is soft: that is, a syllable-closing (=vowelless) ܒ etc. is soft after ܘܼ.

** ă (only in an open syllable?) may be pronounced like ā before r or ʕ (Alan 45).
Perhaps not here.

Q1.2 Ăkkārā Type
Let B be a bgad-kpat consonant.
B in ăBā or ăBī is usually hard and doubled (ăBBā / ăBBī).
In other words, B is usually hard if preceded by ă and followed by ā or ī.
ăB is hard if followed b ā or ī.

ܫܠܲܕܵܐ *

ܐܲܟܵܪܵܐ *

ܓܲܒܵܝܵܐ

ܥܲܒ݁ܝܼܛܵܐ

ܢܲܓܝܼܪܵܐ *

ʃlăddāʾ

ʾăkkārāʾ

găbbāyāʾ

ʕăbbīṭāʾ

năggīrāʾ

corpse

farmer

tax collector

thick, dense

slow in
response (?)

* Notice the special (Afx) form of Alaph, following Dalath/Rish.

Q1.2a
B in {Alaph + Bā/Bī} may be soft (but see ʾăkkārāʾ above).

ܐܲܒ݂ܝܼܠܵܐ

ܐܲܟ݂ܝܼܦܵܐ

ܐܲܓ݂ܝܼܪܵܐ

ܐܲܒ݂ܵܐ

ܐܘܼܕ݂ܵܐ

ʾăʋʋīlāʾ

ʾăxxīpāʾ

ʾăɣɣīrāʾ

ʾăʋ(ʋ)āʾ

ʾûðāʾ

sad (?)

diligent

a worker

father

a wooden poker

Q1.3 Qyāmtā Typet is hard in {a closed syllable -āC} + t.

ܩܝܵܡܬܵ‍ܐ

ܐܵܬ݂ܘܿܪܵܝܬܵ‍ܐ

ܢܘܼܟ݂ܪܵܝܬܵ‍ܐ

ܫܟ݂ܵܚܬܵ‍ܐ

ܦܣܵܥܬܵ‍ܐ

qyāmtāʾ

ʾāθorāytāʾ *1

nuxrāytāʾ *2

ʃxāḥtāʾ *3

psāʕtāʾ

arising

Assyrian f.

stranger f.

finding

measure (?)

*1 Soft after a syllable-ending ā (R1.2).
*2 A syllable-closing (=vowelless) B is soft after u (R1.1).
*3 The second of a consonant cluster is soft (R2.1).

2013-03-17

“We are here”

ܗܵܪܟܵܐ

ܚܢܲܢ

hārkāʾ

ḥnăn

here

we are

The enclitic form of ܚܢܲܢ‎ —
ܚ݇ܢܲܢ‎ —
is used only after the word ending in the plural n (Alan 91);
not here (Alan 92).

aii: /hɑːrkɑː χnæn/

tru: /hoːrkoː ħnæn/

ZQAPHA (Z̥qāp̱āʾ): /ɑː/ is an open back vowel, as in a in psalm (Alan 27)—or, more simply, in palm.
PTHAHA (Pθāḥāʾ): for it we use /æ/ since Alan calls it a in fat (28),
but it may be also written as /a/, as in Northern English.
That is, a (near-)open front vowel.

ܗܵܪܟܵܐ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬܘܿܢ

hārkāʾ

ʾăńttôn

here

you guys are

ܗܵܪܟܵܐ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬܹܝܢ

hārkāʾ

ʾăńttēyn

here

you girls are

As in the following examples, the pronouns
ܗܸܢ̣ܘܿܢ and
ܗܸܢܹܝܢ lose h- when used as a copula.

♱ East Syriac: A word ending in -āʾ (Z̥qāphāʾ) or -ēʾ (Zlāmāʾ Qăʃyāʾ) is pronounced as -ăʾ (Pθāḥāʾ), when followed by
ܗ݇‌ܝ̣.

ܗܵܕܹܐ hāðēʾ (this f.) → ܗܵܕܲܐ ܗ݇‌ܝ̣ hāðăʾ h́ỵ

ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ ṭāʋāʾ (good m.) → ܛܵܒܲܐ ܗ݇‍ܝ̣ ṭāʋăʾ h́ỵ

2013-03-13

“You are the salt of the earth.”

ܐܲܢ݇ܬܘܿܢ

ܐܸܢܘܿܢ

ܡܸܠܚܵܗ̇

ܕܐܲܪܥܵܐ

ʾăńtton

ʾĭnnon

mĭlḥāḣ *

d-ʾărʕāʾ (=därā) ***

you guys

are (2/3 pl m, encl.)**

salt (mĭlhāʾ) - her

of the earth (f)

* ܗ̇ (instead of Alaph), with a dot-above:
Nöldeke §6 says,
we must note the employment of ܗ̇ almost without exception to signify the suffix of the 3rd pers. fem. sing. Also see Alan 96.
The SyrCOM Meltho Fonts (melthoguide.doc) also states that one should use this dot (U+0307) on the feminine he ending.
This dot is essentially redundant if vowels are explicitly marked (-ēh, “his” vs. -āh, “her”).
Obviously, this suffix means her as in the earth’s.
Though it feels somewhat redundant when we explicitly have d-ʾărʕāʾ,
this is how it is in Syriac.
See: Analysis of Peshitta verse 'Matthew 5:13'.
This h is not silent, but practically inaudible.

** ʾĭnnon is the encl. form of hĭn(n)on (3m pl), but used for 2m pl as well.

*** ʕ may be dropped in E-Syriac.
ă (only in an open syllable?) may be pronounced like ā before r or ʕ (Alan 45) — perhaps not here.

2013-03-12

“You are a great teacher.”

ܐܲܢ݇ܬܘܼ

ܡܲܠܦܵܢܵܐ

ܪܲܒܵܐ

ʾăńtu (=attū)

mălpānāʾ

răbbāʾ

you’re (m sg)

a teacher (m)

great (m)

The singular pronoun of the 3rd person is often used even when the subject is 1st or 2nd person.
The expression ܐܲܢ݇ܬܘܼ is
ܐܲܢ݇ܬ (you, m.) plus ܗ݇ܘ̣ (is, m. encl).

2013-03-11

“We do not know where you are going.” (Alan Lv. 4 L. 91)

ܠܵܐ

ܝܵܕ݂ܥ̇ܝܼܢ

ܚ݇ܢܲܢ

ܠܐܲܝܟܵܐ

ܐܵܙܹ̇ܠ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬ

lāʾ

yāðʕ̇īn̊

ḥ́năn

l-ʾăykāʾ (=l'eikā)

ʾāżĕl

ʾăńt

not

yðʕ (to know)part. m pl

we (encl.)

to where

ʾzl (to go)part. m sg

you (encl.)

The enclitic form of ܚܢܲܢ‎ —
ܚ݇ܢܲܢ‎ —
is used only after the word ending in the plural n (Alan 91).
In the above example, we have the m. pl. form, yāðʿīn,
of an active participle, yāðēʿyāḏăʕ; this plus the encl. (1m pl) could be written as one word:
ܝܵܕܥܝܼܢܲܢ, yāðʕīnăn (Alan 130), where the two n’s in yāðʕīn + ḥ́năn being merged into one.(a)
Originally in 91, there is a dot-above between Dālaθ and ʕē, whose function is unclear (implying a schwa between those two consonants? or implying that the word-final n is slent and to be read as one word with the following enclitic?).??? Perhaps to mark the present tense (cf. melthoguide; Nöldeke 6).(b)
Also, Rukkāxāʾ is explicit for Dālaθ.

(a)
Nöldeke §64:
Enclitic forms of the 1st and 2nd pers. often coalesce with participles and,
—though more rarely,—with adjectives; in such cases marked transformations occasionally occur.
In particular in the plural,
the first portion [i. e. the participle] loses its final n,
while the second [the pronoun] loses its ḥ or a(n).ܩܳܛܠܺܝܢܱܢ qōṭlīnăn (we are killing)or written separately,
though pronounced in exactly the same way:ܩܳܛܠܺܝܢ ܚܢܱܢ (qōṭqīn̊ḥ̊năn)

ܐܵܙܹ̇ܠ also has a dot-above (of unknown function) over Zăyn.
Meaning “Read together with the following enclitic,” maybe???
Perhaps to mark the present tense (cf. melthoguide; Nöldeke 6).(b)

(b) 2013-12-03: One dot is placed over all active participles to distinguish them from orthographically similar forms, as ܟ̇ܬܒ kāṯeḇ ‘writing’ versus ܟܬ̣ܒ kṯaḇ ‘he wrote.’ These dots may occur anywhere in the word. (Thackston, xxii)

2013-03-10

ܗ̤ܘ

ܝܵܘܣܸܦ

ܗ݇ܘ̣

h̤w (=hū)

yāwsĭp (=yō(s)sĭpp)

h́ẉ (=ū)

He

Joseph

is (encl.)

The enclitic ܗ݇ܘ̣ (h́ẉ) has a dot-below, as opposed to a Rʋāṣā
— ܗ݇ܘܼ (h́u).

ܗ̤ܘܝܘܼ

ܟܵܬ݂ܘܿܒ݂ܵܐ

ܣܦܝܼܪܵܐ

h̤wyu (=hūyu)

kāθoʋāʾ

spīrāʾ

He is

a writer

skilled

ܗ̤ܝ

ܡܲܪܝܲܡ

ܗ݇ܝ̣

hī

mar-yamm

h́ī

She

Mariam

is

2013-03-09

Old Mozilla can’t show this table right.

syc

ܗ̤ܘ

ܗ̤‌ܝ

ܗܸܢ̣ܘܿܢ

ܗܸܢܹܝܢ

h̤w (=hū)*1

h̤y (=hī)*1

hĭṇon *3

hĭnnēyn

aii

ܗ̇ܘܗ̇ܘܘܿܢ

ܗ̇‌ܝܗ̇ܝܸܢ

ܐܵܢܝܼ

ḣw (ow)*2ḣwon (ow-wun)*2

ḣy (ei)*2ḣyĭn (ey-in)*2

ʾānī

he

she

they m.

they f.

Old Mozilla can show this table right.

ܗܸܢܹܝܢ

ܗܸܢ̣ܘܿܢ

ܗ̤‌ܝ

ܗ̤ܘ

syc

hĭnnēyn

hĭṇon *3

h̤y (=hī)*1

h̤w (=hū)*1

ܐܵܢܝܼ

ܗ̇‌ܝܗ̇ܝܸܢ

ܗ̇ܘܗ̇ܘܘܿܢ

aii

ʾānī

ḣy (ei)*2ḣyĭn (ey-in)*2

ḣw (ow)*2ḣwon (ow-wun)*2

they f.

they m.

she

he

*1 This word has U+0324 [ ̤ ] COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW, which indicates that 'h' is not silent.
*2 This word has U+0307 [ ̇ ] COMBINING DOT ABOVE, which seems to indicate that the 'h' is read as a vowel (o if followed by w, e if followed by y).
*3 This word seems to have U+0323 [ ̣ ] COMBINING DOT BELOW under the first 'n', possibly meaning it's not doubled (???)

ܐܸܢܵܐ

ܐ݇ܢܵܐ

ܪܵܥܝܵܐ

ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ

ʾĭnnāʾ

ánāʾ

rāʿyāʾ

ṭāʋāʾ

I

am (encl.)

a shepherd (m.)

good (m.)

ܐܸܢܵܐ

ܝܵܘܣܸܦ

ܐ݇ܢܵܐ

ʾĭnnāʾ

yāwsĭp (=yōsĭp)

ánāʾ

I

Joseph

am (encl.)

ܐܸܢܵܐ

ܡܩܝܼܡ

ܐ݇ܢܵܐ

ܥܲܡܵܟ

ܩܝܵܡܵܐ

ʾĭnnāʾ

mqīm

ánāʾ

ʿamm-āx *

qyāmāʾ

I

(part. of 'to make' ???)

am

with you (sg. m.)

statute

*
Quʃʃāyāʾ/Rukkāxāʾ is usually not marked for a word-final Kap, because it is always soft anyway (except in -ăyk where the k is hard).
- Alan 104.

2013-03-08

syc

ܐܸܢܵܐ

ܚܢܲܢ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬܝ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬܘܿܢ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬܹ݁ܝܢ

ʾĭnnāʾ

ḥnan

ʾańt (i.e. “at”)

ʾańty

ʾańt(t)on

ʾańtēy

aii

ܐܵܢܵܐ

ܐܲܚܢܲܢ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬ

ܐܲܢ݇ܬܝ

ܐܲܚܬܘܿܢ

ܐܲܚܬܘܿܢܐܲܚܬܹܝܢ

ʾānāʾ

ʾaḥnan

ʾańt

ʾańty

ʾaḥton

ʾaḥtonʾaḥtēyn (rare)

I

we

you m. sg.

you f. sg.

you guys

you girls

Impf. of Q-Ṭ-L

2013-03-06

Impf. (Future) of Q-Ṭ-L to kill: W-Syriac & E-Syriac

sg

pl

3 m.

ܢܷܩܛܘܿܠ nĕqṭol
ܢܸܩܛܘܿܠ nĭqṭol

ܢܷܩܛܠܽܘܢ nĕqṭlȗn
ܢܸܩܛܠܘܼܢ nĭqṭlȗn

3 f.

ܬܷܩܛܘܿܠ tĕqṭol
ܬܸܩܛܘܿܠ tĭqṭolܬܷܩܛܘܿܠܝ tĕqṭolẙ
ܬܸܩܛܘܿܠܝ tĭqṭolẙ

ܢܷܩ̈ܛܠܴܢ nĕq̈ṭlōn
ܢܸܩ̈ܛܠܵܢ nĭq̈ṭlān

2 m.

ܬܷܩܛܘܿܠ tĕqṭol
ܬܸܩܛܘܿܠ tĭqṭol

ܬܷܩܛܠܽܘܢ tĕqṭlȗn
ܬܸܩܛܠܘܼܢ tĭqṭlȗn

2 f.

ܬܷܩܛܠܻܝܢ tĕqṭlīn
ܬܸܩܛܠܝܼܢ tĭqṭlīn

ܬܷܩ̈ܛܠܴܢ tĕq̈ṭlōn †
ܬܸܩ̈ܛܠܵܢ tĭq̈ṭlān

1 m/f

ܐܷܩܛܘܿܠ ʾĕqṭol
ܐܸܩܛܘܿܠ ʾĭqṭol

ܢܷܩܛܘܿܠ nĕqṭol
ܢܸܩܛܘܿܠ nĭqṭol

† Unlike Pf. 2f pl, Impf. 2f pl. has syām̈ēʾ originally (Gr. §168).
They are placed over the 3rd Plur. fem. of the perfect tense and the 3rd and 2nd Plur. fem. of the imperfect tense of the verb. (Alan 40).

Exmaple

2013-03-05

“The rocks will become bread.”
(from Matthew 4:3 - And when the tempter came to him, he said, If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread.)
Analysis of Peshitta verse 'Matthew 4:3'

ܟܹ̈ܐܦܸܐ ܢܸܗܘܝܵܢ ܠܲܚܡܵܐ

kēp(h)i (?) ni-hwyān laḥmā

ܟ݁ܺܐܦ݂ܶܐ ܢܶܗܘܝܳܢ ܠܰܚܡܳܐ

ki(ᵓ)phē nehwəyān laḥmā

ܟܹܐܦܵܐ
kēpa f. stone.
ܗܘܐ
to be. Future 3f pl *ni-hwʾān > ni-hwyān

2013-03-04 Impf.

An easy way to memorize the paradigm for ܢܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂ in 4 steps :)

Start with the three easiest forms:
ܢܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂‎,
ܬܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂‎,
ܐܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂‎.
They are basically ti/ni/i + khtow.
Just remember:
I am I (i-khtow);
we like him (1 pl = 3m sg); and boy, you like her (2m sg = 3f sg).
This already covers 50% (5) of the 10 forms.

You can get 2m pl / 2f pl just by replacing the final vowel of this ܬܸܟ݂ܬܒ݂ܝܼܢ.

Then, you can get 3m pl / 3f pl just by replacing the ti- with ni-.

sg

pl

1

i-khtoʋ

ni-khtoʋ

2m

ti-khtoʋ

ti-khtʋȗn

2f

ti-khtʋīn

ti-khtʋān

3m

ni-khtoʋ

ni-khtʋȗn

3f

ti-khtoʋ

ni-khtʋān

Single (except 2f) AND 1 pl = -ikhtow, with O after the 2nd letter of the root.

Plural (except 1 pl) AND 2f sg = -ikhtw + ȗn/īn/ān, where the 2nd letter of the root is vowelless.
2m/3m pl. has -ȗn; 2f/3f pl. has -ān; 2f sg. has -īn.
(* Here ī means ḥʋāṣā (YOD + ..), as opposed to Zlāmā pshīqā (..);
ȗ means a possibly long u.
Allan used "oon" when he wrote "nikhtwoon" and "tikhtwoon" while he used "un" when he wrote "kthâwun".)

Only 1 sg starts with i-.

2nd person forms (both sg. and pl.) start with ti-.

3f sg = 2m sg: also starting with ti-.

Other forms start with ni-, including 1 pl (=3m sg).

2013-03-03 Pf. in Serto

Madnhaya ܒ vs.
ܟܟ‍ vs.
Serto ܒ vs.
ܟܟ‍ = confusing!
The thing is, the Serto version of BETH looks like the Madnhaya version of KAPH.

Gr. p. 4:ܙ = ẕ is a soft s as in chosen, German s in Rose, French [s] in choisir or French z in zéro. [[z] in IPA]ܚ = ḥ is quite a foreign sound to us, an h rattled in the throat (Arabic ح) [i.e. the pharyngeal fricative /ħ/; possibly epiglottal fricative [ʜ]]. The East-Syrians pronounce it as a very hard Swiss ch (Arabic خ) [the uvular fricative [χ]].ܥ = ʿ is a guttural breathing, again quite foreign to us, which is formed by a peculiar compression of the upper part of the windpipe [voiced pharyngeal fricative /ʕ/; possibly epiglottal approximant [ʢ]]. It is nearly related to ܚ [voiceless pharyngeal fricative /ħ/], and even to the Spiritus lenis (ܐ) [glottal stop /ʔ/]. Those who render it by the latter sound will make the least considerable mistakes.
Wer ihn wie letzteren spricht, macht immer noch den geringsten Fehler. (I think what the author is saying is that although /ʕ/ sounds somewhat like /ħ/ and /ʔ/, it's still a mistake to confuse them, though not a major error at all.)

*1 The East-Syrians pronounce it as a very hard Swiss ch (Arabic خ) (Nöldeke);
It is somewhat harsher than the Scottish and North
German ch.Has two pronunciations, actually both are common.
People from the plain of Nineveh [cld] use a pronunciation which is midway between h and the ordinary kh [the sound he denotes by h: — maybe [ħ] ? Or does he mean a milder version of the ordinary Assirian [χ] that is x~χ ?].
(Alan Lesson 8)
“In Lesson 8, you
learned that letter Khéith has two sounds and both are
acceptable.” (Les 69) Probably he means: ḵ=[x], ḥ=[χ] or [ħ], and ḵ can be [χ] too.
[See L81]

You can hear this uvular [χ] sound in Juliana Jendo’s Ālap Bēt, when she sings ḥā lĭʃānā (one language). It sounds pretty clear.

*2
Syriac Turoyo ܐܰܪܥܳܐ [arʕo] 'earth (planet)' ʕ is often not pronounced in Eastern Syriac varietiesVoiced pharyngeal fricative;
This letter is difficult to pronounce. It has a deeper sound, during pronunciation the flow of breath is usually compressed low down in the throat.
It unusually falls and constantly interchanged with letter Alap. (Alan, Les. 16)

*3
kh, or the German ch (Alan, Les. 42)
Kap, in vernacular is never aspirated (Alan, Lesson 125);
ܚcannot be distinguished in pronunciation from ܟ݂‍‏. Their equivalent nearly is found in the German ch (Bach). (Oro. p. 10)

*4 Its major phonetic feature is the loss of the voiceless velar fricative x, which has become a voiceless pharyngeal fricative, ħ. The original voiceless pharyngeal fricative has retained that pronunciation. In all the other dialects of eastern Neo-Aramaic the opposite is true: the voiceless pharyngeal fricative has been lost and merged with the voiceless velar fricative. (Hértevin language)

*5 gh, nearly the Dutch g (Alan, 42); the sound of gh (the Persian غ [[ɣ] / [ɢ]]), and is perhaps more deeply guttural than ܟ݂‍‏, which seems to a beginner to resemble it. (Oro. 10).

My first Syriac calligraphy :) - using MS Paint with a regular mouse.

2013-03-02

[1 sg] 2Corinthians 2:4 I wrote unto you with many tears
ܟ݁ܶܬ݂ܒ݁ܶܬ݂ kėthbēth

[1 pl] Acts 21:25 we have written and concluded
ܟ݁ܬ݂ܰܒ݂ܢ kthawn

[3m sg] Mark 10:5 he wrote you this precept
ܟ݁ܬ݂ܰܒ݂ kthaw

[3m pl] Acts 15:23 And they wrote letters
ܘܰܟ݂ܬ݂ܰܒ݂ܘ wa-khthaw(w)

Examples: ܢܦܠ nfal (to fall)

[1 sg] Revelation 1:17 I fell at his feet
ܢܶܦ݂ܠܶܬ݂ neflēth.

[2m pl] Galatians 5:4 from grace you have fallen
ܢܦ݂ܰܠܬ݁ܽܘܢ nfalton

[3m pl] Matthew 17:6
when the disciples heard, they fell upon their faces
ܢܦ݂ܰܠܘ nfal(w)

[3f sg] Mark 5:33. she fell before him
ܢܶܦ݂ܠܰܬ݂ neflath.

[3f pl] Revelation 16:19
the cities (f) fell
ܢܦ݂ܰܠܝ nfal(y) - W-Syr.

2013-03-01

ܘܲܚܙܵܐ

ܫܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ

ܙܥܘܿܪܵܐ

ܠܟ݂ܝܼܣܵܐ

ܘܫܲܩܠܹܗ

wa-ḥzā

shaʋrā

zʿōrā

l-ḵīsā

w-shaql-ēh

and (he) looked

a kid

little m.

at the bag

and took it

ܚܙܵܐ to see (*ḥzaʾa > ḥzā).
ܫܩܵܠܵܐ to take, to get.

Review

ܟܬܒ‎ (ܟܬܲܒ݂) kṯaʋ

ܟܬܒܬ‎ (ܟܸܬ݂ܒܹ݁ܬ݂) kiṯbēṯ

2013-02-28

ܢܦܲܠ

ܡܸܢܹܗ

ܟܝܼܣܵܐ

ܡܠܹܐ

ܙܘܼܙܹ̈ܐ

ܘܠܵܐ

ܝܕܲܥ

ܒܹܗ

npal

min-nēh

kīsā

mlē

zūzē

w-lā

ydhʿ

b-ēh

fall pf. 3m sg

from him

a pouch

(filled)

coins

and not

know pf. 3m sg

about it (?)

rt. ܢܦܠ to fall.

min: n is doubled by the ĭ vowel ([ɛ]-[ɪ]: Z'lāmā p'shīqā = easy/simple/smooth oppression).
The other Zlama (ē) is Z'lāmā qashyā (hard/dense/heavy).
Those two names have been switched in Oro.
Their Unicode names are
DOTTED ZLAMA HORIZONTAL and DOTTED ZLAMA ANGULAR, respectively.
Zlama pshiqa is an open (i.e. less close) I, short, relaxed. Almost like an English I, less tense, maybe.
Zlama qashya is a narrow E, semi-long, tense.

-ēh: suffix 3m sg.

ܘܠܐ to fit; to become

2013-02-27

Perfect of Q-Ṭ-L (to kill): W-Syriac & E-Syriac

sg

pl

3 m.

ܩܛܰܠ qṭal
ܩܛܲܠ

ܩܛܰܠܘ qṭal
ܩܛܲܠܘܩܛܰܠܽܘܢ qṭalun
ܩܛܲܠܘܼܢ

3 f.

ܩܷܛܠܱܬ݂ qeṭlath
ܩܸܛܠܲܬ݀ qiṭlath

ܩܛܰܠ qṭal †
ܩ̈ܛܲܠܩ̈ܛܰܠܝ qṭal ‡
ܩ̈ܛܲܠܝܩܛܰܠܷܝ̈ܢ qṭalên
ܩܛܲܠܹܝ̈ܢ

2 m.

ܩܛܰܠܬ݁ qṭalt
ܩܛܲܠܬ݁

ܩܛܰܠܬ݁ܘܿܢ qṭalton
ܩܛܲܠܬ݁ܘܿܢ

2 f.

ܩܛܰܠܬ݁ܝ qṭalt
ܩܛܲܠܬ݁ܝ (ܩܛܲܠܬ݁‌ܝ)

ܩܛܰܠܬܷ݁ܝܢ qṭaltên †ܩܛܲܠܬܹ݁ܝ̈ܢ ?ܩܛܲܠܬܹ݁ܝܢ ?

1 m/f

ܩܷܛܠܷܬ݂ qeṭlēth
ܩܸܛܠܹܬ݂ qiṭlēth

ܩܛܰܠܢ qṭaln
ܩܛܲܠܢܩܛܰܠܢܰܢ qṭalnan
ܩܛܲܠܢܲܢ

† no seyame originally (Gr. §168).
Alan says that sᵊyām̈ē are placed over the 3rd Plur. fem. of the perfect tense and the 3rd and 2nd Plur. fem. of the imperfect tense of the verb. in Lesson 40, with which Nöldeke’s table agrees too.
However, Alan also says in Lessons 123 that Syamé are placed over the 3rd and 2nd Plur. fem. of the perfect tense and the 3rd and 2nd Plur. fem. of the
imperfect tense of the verb. Probably, 2f pl. gets syām̈ē in Impf. but NOT in Pf.

‡ Western Syriac.

Perfect: The 1st letter of the rt. is hard; the 2nd letter of the rt. is soft;
the 3rd letter of the rt. is usually soft, except 1 sg and 3f sg.
The "soft" stem is KTHaW;
the "hard" stem is KiTHB;

#1
More commonly, the short form of the 3f.pl does not have a seyame, as long as it is identical to the 3m.sg [Nöld. §16B, §168; See also Healey’s paradigms; Mura. also agrees at least superficially in his Paradigms, which however are inconclusive since he says, The seyame has also been omitted from some fem. pl. forms for the sake of clearer presentation.].
The long form with -ēn might be older.
The “fancy y” form is W-Syr.
Thus we have ܟܬ̥ܰܒ
(or W-Syr. ܟ̈ܬ̥ܰܒܝ̱), and
ܟܬ̥ܰܒܶܝ̈ܢ.

The Future Tense (The Imperfect)

sg

pl

3 m.

ܢܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂ nikhtow

ܢܸܟ݂ܬܒ݂ܘܼܢ nikhtwȗn

3 f.

ܬܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂ tikhtowܬܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂ܝ tikhtow

ܢܸܟ݂̈ܬܒ݂ܵܢ nikhtwān

2 m.

ܬܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂ tikhtow

ܬܸܟ݂ܬܒ݂ܘܼܢ tikhtwȗn

2 f.

ܬܸܟ݂ܬܒ݂ܝܼܢ tikhtwīn

ܬܸܟ݂̈ܬܒ݂ܵܢ tikhtwān

1 m/f

ܐܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂ ikhtow

ܢܸܟ݂ܬܘܿܒ݂ nikhtow

ܓܵܡܲܠ

ܓܲܢܵܢܵܐ

ܓܲܢܬܵܐ

gāmal

gannānā

gantā

Gāmel

gardener

garden

ܬܐ
=
‍ܬܐ

2013-02-21

ܐܵܠܲܦ

ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ

ܐܵܬ݂ܵܐ

ālap

alāhā

āthā

Alap

God

flag

ܒܹܝܬ݂

ܒܵܒܵܐ

ܒܪܘܿܢܵܐ

ܒܪܵܬ݂ܵܐ

bêth

bābā

brōnā

brāthā

Beth

dad

son

daughter

When a consonant has a vowel and is preceded by Pthāḥā, that consonant is doubled;
ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ is an exception (alāhā, not allāhā). [Lv2L45]
Plus, this Pthāḥā sounds like Zqāpā (cf. Oro. p. 13).

2013-02-19

ܚܲܕ݇

ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ

ܐܝܼܬ݂

ܠܲܢ

ḥā [χæ]

lĭʃānāʾ

ʾīθ *

lăn(ī) *

one (m.)

language (m.)

there’s

to us

* ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܠܲܢ ʾīθ lăn = we have (Alan 105).
The original text has this as IK-LA but perhaps it should be IT-LA (???); the song sounds like IT-LA too.

ܐܲܢܹܐ

ܝܼ݇ܢܵܐ (?)

ܐܵܬܘ̈ܵܬܲܢ

ʾănnēʾ *

ýīnāʾ (='nā)???

ʾāθẅāθăn(ī)

these m/f

are (3 pl.)

letters-our f.

ܐܵܬ݂ܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ
āṯūṯā
f. letter; pl.
ܐܵܬ݂ܘ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ
āṯwāṯā

ܐܲܢܹܐ
'these' f. m.
* P'tahha has generally the sound of short and close a. In
the great majority of cases, when a consonant follows it
(excepting ܐ ܗ ܥ, and cases specified on pp. 10, 11), which
has a vowel of its own, that consonant is doubled in pronunciation, e.g.
ܐܲܢܹܐ, these... (Oro. p.12)
In some situations a single consonant is pronounced as if it was written twice, without placing any sign to indicate that.
When a consonant has a vowel and is preceded by Pthakha.
Also, When a consonant has a vowel and is preceded by Zlama Psheeq:a.
(Alan Lv2 L45)

Juliana Jendo uses a hard T. This means that her dialect is not K. (assuming that the above entry of the dictionary is correct).

However, she was born in Tell Tamir, Syria. Originally it was a town of Assyrian settlers who had been forced to leave their original homeland, the Hakkari area in Turkey, in the first half of the 20th century. (Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies: Alberto M. Fernandez, 1998, Dawn at Tell Tamir: The Assyrian Christian Survival on the Khabur; Tragedy of the Assyrians) Her dialect is most probably aii, and likely to be K, because (according to Fernandez) many of the inhabitants of Tell Tamir were originally from Upper Ṭiari.
If we believe Maclean, this was in the “K.” area (Group III), where they had soft T.
There are several possibilities about this, including:

Juliana’s family was originally from K., but she doesn’t use soft T anymore, perhaps influenced by other dialects.

They lived in Tell Tamir, but they were not originally from K.

Maclean was inaccurate: her dialect is K., but at least some of K. dialects do not have soft T in the first place. He himself says that at least one dialect of this area, Jilu, belongs to Group II.

2016-11-24 Or she might be using U. on purpose, while her own dialect is more or less different.