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Extra resources for Functional Imaging in Nephro-Urology: Adults and Children

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73 m2 or more between two successive examinations can therefore be considered as a significant change. Normal values Getting normal values in children, while these values are changing in function of age, represents a major challenge, since nothing such as real normal values can be obtained, because of evident ethical reasons. 21 They were selected retrospectively, on the basis of a simultaneous Tc99m DMSA acquisition, showing a normal left-to-right ratio (between 45–55%) and normal parenchymal imaging.

When the plasma concentration has reached a plateau. At this time, the input R is perfectly compensated by the output UV. The clearance is then simply given by: R C = ᎏᎏ P (5) The general principle is therefore to sample plasma until a plateau is reached and then to determine the plateau level P. The pump should be calibrated in flow and, most importantly, have a constant flow. The specific activity of the infused solution should be determined. To save time in reaching the plateau, a priming activity is injected as a bolus before infusion.

Major differences can be seen only for very high values and very low values (where single-sample techniques are not recommended). 20 However, among single-sample methods, only Christensen and Groth's and Russell's make it possible to choose time sampling. Single-sample methods are simple and they have proven accuracy. However, they rely on the exact determination of the injected dose and any error in this determination will induce a similar error in GFR. An advantage of a monoexponential method over single-sample methods is therefore that determining the distribution volume (which is of the order of the extracellular volume) may help to detect errors in the determination of the injected activity.