8.When collecting blood from mice, a glass capillary tube or Pasteur pipette is used to penetrate the orbital conjunctiva and rupture the ___________.Name some potential complication of this type of blood sampling.

Yes, use 20% solution of KOH, made into a gel with carbopol 934 (a water soluble resin) = loosens mandibular and maxillary teeth, teeth easily removed.

34. What is the difference between pulpotomy and pulpectomy?

35. What is the dental formula of A) Old World Monkeys B) New World Monkeys?

OWM 2I 1C 2P 3M = 32NWM 2I 1C 3P 3M = 36.

24

36. Intravenous injection of pancreozymic enzymes and cholecytokinin cause contraction of which organ? Animal models in which bile can be collected are used for what research studies?

Gall bladder. Pharmacokinetic studies.

25

37. T or F: In rodents, entire lobes of liver may be removed as biopsy tissue.

True, little risk of hemorrhage when hemoclips are used to ligate blood vessels. Absorbable sutures can also be used.

26

38. Studies of pancreatic endocrine function usually involve the chemical ablation of the pancreatic islets. Name two chemicals used for this purpose.

Alloxan and streptozotocin. These are used to induce diabetes in lab animals.

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39. Why is it virtually impossible to surgically remove all of the pancreas in rodents?

It has diffuse anatomy. Chemical ablation is the method of choice.

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40. Name one laboratory animal that is resistant to the diabetogenic effects of alloxan and streptozotocin.

cat

29

41. In order to create a segment of digestive tract that has no continuity with the fecal stream (ie intestinal loop), what surgical method is used?

Intestinal anastomosis.

30

42. What is RITARD model?

Reversible intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea, developed to allow temporary occlusion of a section of bowel for bacterial colonization studies in the rabbit. Involves permanent cecal ligation just distal to the sacculus rotundus, preventing absorption of fluids secreted from the small intestine.

31

43. List four methods by which urine is removed from the urinary bladder.

Collection during spontaneous micturition, manual compression of urinary bladder, catheterization, and cystocentesis-and use of metabolic cages.

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44. What is the most common complication of urinary system catheterization in the guinea pig?

Spontaneous ejaculation in males and blocking of catheter by coagulum.

33

45. What is the correct internal diameter of endotracheal tube that can be used for rabbit intubation?

4.0-4.5 mm internal diameter.

34

46. For what studies is tracheal pouch used? How is it created?

It is a model for studying tracheal secretions. The technique involves resecting a segment of cervical tracheal, with blood and nerve supply intact, and relocating this closed segment subcutaneously for ease in sampling.

35

47. When creating a permanent tracheostomy, the procedure involves dissecting portions of the cartilaginous rings, cutting through the mucosa, and suturing the mucosa to the --------.

skin

36

48. Brochoscopy of which lab animal has been recommended for instruction of physicians in otolaryngology?

swine

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49. Name one purpose for doing bronchoalveolar lavage in animals.

recovery of cells, surfactants and inhaled substances from the lungs of animals.

38

50. What gases are used to inflate the abdomen during laparoscopy?

5% carbon dioxide and 5% nitrogen.

39

51. What position is the animal placed when observing the organs under laparoscopy?

steep Trendelenburg position

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52. In general, laparoscopy of experimental animals as a general technique has been used extensively for training ------. In veterinary practice, laparoscopy may be used for what?

physicians. Examination of abdominal contents, peritoneal surfaces, and a range of procedures.

41

53. For semen sample collection, name one advantage of training animals to serve an artificial vagina over use of rectal probe electroejaculation method.

avoids urine contamination of semen in electroejaculation.

42

54. For artificial insemination, several types of semen diluents have been tried. Name three.

66. List the different techniques of hypophysectomy in lab animals.

67. T or F. Pinealectomy requires use of a stereotaxic instrument.

True

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68. What is adrenalectomy? What is the consequence of removing both adrenal glands?

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands. Removal of both adrenal glands causes severe physiological changes that are difficult to correct with replacement therapy, and is rarely used technique, except in the ferret (high prevalence of adrenal gland tumors).

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69. Which glands are critical for the body to maintain the proper calcium and phosphorus metabolism?

parathyroid glands.

131I – to destroy developing thyroid rests.

71. Fracture healing is one area of orthopedic research in which use of animals is required. List two other areas.

prosthetic design and implantation, bone transplantation.

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72. What is lumbar sympathectomy?

Excision of the hypogastric nerve.

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73. What is spinal laminectomy?

procedure to expose spinal cord in larger lab animals.

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74. Stereotaxic brain electrode implantation involves the use of an instrument for immobilizing animal’s head and calibrated to identify ----- in the brain for placement of electrodes in premapped structures. How are the coordinates read?

coordinates. They are read from horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes.

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75. When preparing to obtain cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit, which area of the skull is shaved? From which ventricle is CSF removed? How much CSF can be safely removed in the rabbit?

Autograft – a graft of tissue from one site to another on the same individual. Allograft – graft between genetically dissimilar animals of the same species. Xenograft – graft between animals of different species.