Political relations between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland have changed dramatically since 1969. Undoubtedly, the conflict between the British state, Ulster Unionism and Irish Republicanism in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1998 influenced a growing rapprochement between Northern and Southern Ireland. The peace process, the Good Friday Agreement and ongoing debates surrounding conflict legacy have further contributed to continued Irish and Northern Irish dialogue. At the same, Irish and British entry into the European Economic Community and later the European Union affected political, economic and social relations between both parts of the island. More recently, Brexit provides a potential hindrance to Northern and Southern Irish relations and interactions at a societal, economic, security and political level. The purpose of this panel is to explore these key themes that have affected Irish and Northern Irish political, economic, security and/or social relations since 1969, including the conflict in and about Northern Ireland and its legacy, the European Union, and Brexit.