A batch file is a text file containing a series of commands that the operating system will carry out for you, one at a time. A batch file is a batches (bundles or packages) of DOS commands into a single file. MS-DOS batch files consist of the normal operating system commands (e.g. DIR, DEL, COPY and MKDIR) together with some extra commands such as IF, FOR, GOTO, SHIFT and PAUSE that provide conditional control of execution and enable PARAMETERS to be passed so that the same batch file can be used in many different contexts. Under UNIX, batch files are called SHELL SCRIPTS, and are written in a c-like scripting language.

The name of this batch file comes from a combination of the words automatically executed batch file. Like other batch files, AUTOEXEC.BAT contains a series of DOS commands that your (IBM-compatible) PC runs for you, one after the other, so that you don't have to type the commands individually. It gives the computer various basic instructions about starting Windows, running antivirus checks in the background, identifying the keyboard, and so on.

"Who invented the first computer?" is not an answer to be replied in one word or name and you are sorted, the answer is not depends on single machine, computer is made up collection of different parts, each part is a separate invention and it’s separate inventor. So the answer depends on different classification of computers.

You’ve probably heard in computing industry, when you download a piece of software, the term 32-bit and 64-bit. Definition of term is that, it is used for processor, Operating System, install a game, computer driver etc.so we help you understand what the difference need to know about 32-bit vs. 64-bit architecture.

Definition - What is Docking Station?: A Docking station also known as universal port replicator or simply dock. It is like a attachment that plugging-in to a laptop or notebook computer, either directly or by cable, providing connects a laptop with more external peripheral devices. Docking station connection interfaces increases the laptop's capabilities almost to that of a standardized desktop computer. A docking station typically includes standard expansion slots, as well as additional ports (sockets or connection interfaces) for connecting a local printer, modem, keyboard, larger storage or backup drives etc.It can also include a NIC Card,a USB port that attaches notebook to LAN.

During the last decade computers have become an integral part of our daily lives. There is hardly any activity which does not make use of computers at some stage or the other. Even when someone on a holiday wishes to call a friend using his/her cell phone, he/she is using computers indirectly as messages are handled and directed by them. Similarly, on any given day, even if we are not directly working on computers on our desks, we make use of computers many times while using a mobile or a land line phone, purchasing from a modem outlet, and other such activities. Facilities such as e-mail and web have become the life-line of our modem society as well as of the world of business.

Grid computing is a group of computers physically connected (over a network or with Internet) to perform a dedicated tasks together, such as analysing e-commerce data and solve a complex problem. Grids are a form of "super virtual computer" that solve a particular application.The grid size may vary from small to large enterprises network.

A computing grid is constructed with the help of grid middleware software that allows them to communicate. middleware is used to translates one node information passed stored or processed information to another into a recognizable format. It is the form of "distributed computing" or "peer-to-peer computing".

In computers, parallel computing is closely related to parallel processing (or concurrent computing). It is the form of computation in which concomitant ("in parallel") use of multiple CPUs that is carried out simultaneously with shared-memory systems to solving a supercomputing computational problem. Parallelism is the process of large computations, which can be broken down into multiple processors that can process independently and whose results combined upon completion. Parallelism has long employed in high-performance supercomputing.

Register are used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU, there are various types of Registers those are used for various purpose. Among of the some Mostly used Registers named as AC or Accumulator, Data Register or DR, the AR or Address Register, program counter (PC), Memory Data Register (MDR) ,Index register,Memory Buffer Register.

The devices which are used to input the data and the programs in the computer are known as "Input Devices". or Input device can read data and convert them to a form that a computer can use. Output Device can produce the final product of machine processing into a form usable by humans. It provides man to machine communication. Some of the I/O devices are explained below: