We appreciate, respect, and acknowledge the contributions of Rene Maurice
Gattefosse, Jean Valnet, and Robert Tisserand, the grandfathers and fathers of
aromatherapy. But we became very curious about the grandmothers and mothers of
aromatherapy. Who are they? What did they contribute? The goal of the
Aromatic Women's History Guide is to highlight the achievements of dynamic women and
uncover some lesser known facts of history. Here is a sampling of the remarkable
history of aromatic women.

To add data to this project, please email
Katherine. To be part of this project, one must have invented, written, or created a
significant invention, book, or product in the industry. All valid entries will be
added to the AWHG database. Those of significance will be added to this website,
space permitting. What follows is HerStory.

Grace Mary Chess Robinson (Mary Chess)
Era: 1930's
Location: American living in London
Title: Founder of Mary Chess
Contribution:
Created perfumes using only natural ingredients. Her first perfume was White Lilac
in 1933.
Anecdote:
"The company holds royal warrants to supply the Queen Mother and other royalty
(Groom, 141 - 2)."

Ety
Era: Around 1492 B.C.
Location: Punt (coast of East Africa, probably where Somalia is today)
Title: Queen
Contribution:
Controlled the frankincense and myrrh trade of the ancient world. Sold live myrrh
trees to Hatshepsut on her expedition to Punt.

Hatshepsut
Era: Around 1500 B.C.
Location: Thebes, Egypt
Title: Pharaoh
Contribution:
Reopened a canal to the Great Green from the Nile River to the Red Sea. Sent
expeditions to Punt bringing back 30 Myrrh trees with roped root balls for the resin that
was burned in the temples. This was documented on the temple at Thebes.
Anecdote:
Received "daily massages with scented oils." Oil of ani was her favorite.
"An inscription on one of her monuments says, 'her fragrance was like a divine
breath, her scent reached as far as the land of Punt' (Leon, 46)."

Queen Marie of Medicis
Era: 1519 - 1589
Location: Italy/France
Title: Queen. Daughter of the Italian Duke of Urbino. Married the future King
Henry II of France.
Contribution:
"She was instrumental in setting up a laboratory in Grasse for the study of
perfume-making in order to rival the fashionable Arab perfumes of the time, for which she
is regarded by some as the founder of the French perfume industry (Groom, 143)."
Anecdote:
Used a cologne created by Rene the Florentine, documented in Le Secret des Medicis,
that gave her and Diane de Poitier youthful skin.

Madame Marguerite Maury
Era: 1895 - 1968
Location: England, France
Title: Esthetician
Contribution:
Set up first aromatherapy clinics in Paris, the U.K., and Switzerland.
Received two international prizes for studies on essential oils and cosmetology.
Books:The Secret of Life and Youth -- 1964.

Florence Nightingale
Correspondence exists that shows Ms. Nightingale used aromatic substances. Ms.
Nightingale sent a letter on April 7, 1856 to the Principal Medical store-keeper
at Balaclava General Hospital requesting 6 4 ounce bottles of Tincture of
Myrrh. This was a week after the end of the Crimean War.

Mary Prophetissa (Prophetissima)
aka: Mary of Cleofa, Maria the Jewess, Miriam, sister of Moses
Era: First Century A.D.
Location: Alexandria, Egypt
Title: Alchemist
Contributions:
Invented the double boiler, also known as a Bain Marie, le bain de Marie, bano-Maria, or
Mary's Bath. Invented the first true still which she called the tribokos. It
consisted of copper tubing, ceramic pottery, and metal. "When heated, vapors
from plant material and water would condense on the inside of the still, then trickle down
and collect in a bottle (Leon, 66)." Avicenna later used this prototype to
distill essential oils.
Books:The Dialogue of Maria and Aros on the Magistery of Hermes