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2018 Fiscal Summit: Summary and Highlights

A Conversation with Former Secretary of Energy, Dr. Ernest Moniz

Drawing connections between America’s ﬁscal outlook, energy security, and role in the world, Foundation Chairman and CEO Michael Peterson led a wide-ranging conversation with former U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz.

Peterson asked Moniz to comment on the relationship between the national debt and our ability to make strategic federal investments in the future. Moniz said that rising interest costs could aﬀect our path forward by crowding out investments that will help facilitate a shift from a “natural resource–based energy system, to a technology-based system” relying on sources like energy and wind.

Acknowledging that the federal budget “is in some difficulties,” Moniz said that government investment in research and development around energy transformation is “light by a factor of two to three.” Moniz said, “in the context of a really squeezed federal budget with enormous deficits, investments like that are obviously going to be very, very difficult to come by.”

Peterson posed whether there are federal energy policies “that would actually help our fiscal health, help our fiscal outlook, save money, and create more efficiency within the federal budget.” Moniz point-ed to significant efficiencies to be gained in the private sector through advances in energy technology, as well as a carbon tax, which holds vast potential to improve our fiscal outlook while reducing the need for regulations and incentivizing economically beneficial behavior. Moniz said he is “very optimistic” that some kind of a carbon tax will be implemented in “years versus decades.”

Moving on to the topic of nuclear modernization, Peterson noted that the Congressional Budget Office has estimated a cost of $1.2 trillion over 30 years to modernize our nuclear facilities and delivery systems. Moniz differentiated between the work that needed to be done at aging nuclear facilities to ensure safety and investments in updating and modernizing the delivery systems that make up the nuclear triad. Although both are important, he said, the facilities, improvement is only about 10 percent of the cost and is the most urgent issue. The remaining 90 percent is also vital to maintaining our global strength, but “that’s where the policy discussion can come in, in terms of potentially ameliorating some of those costs,” he said.

Tying these issues together, Moniz cited cyber security as a “threat across the economy” that reaches to the energy sector and command and control of our nuclear weapons. Speaking of his work leading the Nuclear Threat Initiative, Moniz emphasized the critical need to restore a viable American-Russian dialogue and to maintain vigilance about the spread of nuclear power globally.