The aim of the present study is to determine the epidemiological characteristics of mortality related to in Lara State during the period 2000-2010; through a retrospective longitudinal descriptive investigation. We checked the mortality information of Regional Epidemiology of the MPPS. We studied 823 deaths corresponding to the code C53 of ICD-10. The deaths by cervical cancer represented 1% of the total amount of deaths by all the causes during the studied period. 98.7% was due to not specified uterine neck malignant tumor; the 65 years group and even more has high risk of dying because of this cause with a rate of 59,34 per 105 hab., the 55-64 years group was the next (32,59 per 105 hab.). The areas with high mortality risk are Iribarren and Urdaneta municipalities (rate of 100,22 per 105 hab. and 112,25 per 105 hab. respectively). 36,8 % of deaths which took place at Iribarren municipality belong to the Juan de Villegas area. The biggest risk of dying occurred during 2005 and 2008 (rates of 12.26 per 105 hab. and 10.02 per 105 hab. respectively). We demonstrate due to this fact 2.690 PYLL get lost. This study will be important to other investigations; it is going to contribute information to the sector health to facilitate the capture of decisions in the control and prevention of the cervical cancer.

COVERAGE COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE AND REASON FOR BREACH IN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Descriptive study was conducted, using the rapid coverage monitoring, the population was equal to the sample with a total of 312 households, housing is considered effective those which determined the presence of children under 6 years. The technique for data collection was interview guided by a questionnaire, and found the following results of coverage: 88,46% for BCG, hepatitis B 73,07% for the RN, 26,92% polio, rotavirus 53,84%, 38,46% pentavalent, 40 antiinfluenza%, 56% and 40% viral trivalent for fever; these results being lower than those reported for the Lara state until August 2012. Of all children none met the national vaccination program and studied children 2-5 years of age was found 84,6% susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases, being 77,53% and 56,18 for antiinfluenza for rotavirus. The predominant cause of failure was "no vaccine the day he played" 47,7% followed by "did not know I had to put" 35,77%, only 0,91% reported "medical contraindication. The importance of this research is to make known to the Epidemiology of Iribarren, outpatient and community community council "San Francisco II North", the results of coverage, performance, and reason for failure susceptibility, with the aim of reducing the susceptible population and thus achieve the reduction of morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable diseases and the economic impact that these conditions imply, through vaccination.

Intestinal parasites are a public health problem and cabbage is a possible vehicle. In order to determine the enteroparasites contamination of cabbages marketed in major cities of Lara, Yaracuy and Portuguesa States, during the period from July to November 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample accidental, in 120 cabbages using the Alvarez technique modified by Traviezo et al. It was found that 10.83% had presence of intestinal parasites. The frequency in Yaracuy State was 17,50%, 12,50% Lara and Portuguesa 2,50%. The species found were Blastocystis hominis, Chilomastix mesnili, Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, Endolimax nana and Strongyloides sp., Dipylidium caninum, Blastocystis hominis being the most common pathogen enteroparasites with 38,46%. Depending on the source of the contaminated samples were from 12,50% MERCABAR, whose exact origin is unknown, followed by those who came from Mérida with 11.10%. Depending on the type of establishment, it was found that 16,70% of the samples were contaminated acquired by enteroparasites markets, 11,10% supermarket and 7,60% for supplies. In relation to the hygiene of the establishment, it was observed that were contaminated by enteric 13,51% of the samples acquired local poor sanitation, 10% in the optimum, 7,14% in good and 4,54% in regular. Conclude that the percentage of enteroparasites contamination of cabbages in the region was low, however, constitutes a risk factor for the development of food-borne parasitic diseases.

FIRST REPORTED CASE OF SEPTO-OPTIC DYSPLASIA IN LARA STATE, VENEZUELA

The Septo-Optic Dysplasia is a congenital hypoplasia of the optic nerves, structural alterations in the midline of the brain, primarily the absence of septum pellucidum and pituitary hypothalamic dysfunction, which is unstable. This paper describes the findings of a patient infant with septo-optic dysplasia, who is referred to the Genetics Medical Health Sciences of the University "Lisandro Alvarado". Findings are discussed, literature is reviewed and compared the features of this patient with the literature indicated. A diagnosis of Septo-Optic Dysplasia using this physical findings and neuro imaging.

ANTHROPOMETRIC ASPECTS AND EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON HEMODYNAMIC,

There are multiple physiopathological causes in which the physical activity is involved to counterattack the risk of disease; therefore it is important that the medical student knows about the physiological effects of exercise, because these aren’t pharmacologist’s measures that improve the quality of life of patients. The objective was to determine the immediate effects of exercise on hemodynamic, methabolic and anthropometric parameters in karate athletes. It was designed a prospective longitudinal descriptive study; the sample was composed of 27 athletes. the mentioned parameters were measured before starting the exercise and after an hour of physical activity. It was found a predominance of males(59,3%), the average age was 16,97 ± 8,0 years old. The average fat percentage was 7,90 ± 6,9. In relation to waist size 40,7% were obese. In terms of body mass index 11.1% were overweight. It showed a significant statistical difference in weight, heart rate, respiratory rate and diastolic blood pressure ((p = 0,0001; p = 0,001; p= 0,001 y p = 0,04 respectively). Even though in blood glucose levels, in systolic blood pressure, and The oxygen saturation were observed differences between the averages before and after exercise, there weren’t statistically significant. It was concluded that exercise has immediate effects on heart and respiratory rate, diastolic blood pressure as well as weight.

Because the contaminated food borne diseases pose a serious public health problem, the detection of intestinal parasites using appropriate diagnostic techniques is of paramount importance. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of two technique used for detecting intestinal parasites in lettuce distributed in Carabobo state, Venezuela, during the period 2009-2010. Were collected of way non-probabilistic accidental 120 samples of lettuce: 60 of the American variety (Lactuca sativa variety capitata or Great Lakes) and 60 of the Romana variety (Lactuca sativa variety longuifolia or White Paris) which were analyzed by the Álvarez technique modified by Traviezo (AMT) and Takayanagui technique modified (TM). We obtained the following results: by the AMT technique, 15.0% of all lettuces tested positive to some type of intestinal parasites, while by the TM technique 21.7% were positive. Depending on the type of lettuce, the American turned out to be more contaminated by the two techniques: 26.7% for AMT technique and 43.3% for TM technique. The Z test for comparison of two proportions, analyzed by chi-square statistic no showed significant difference between them (Z =- 0.71, p = 0.4791) as was concluded that for the analysis of samples enteroparasitarie contamination of lettuce can be used either of the techniques described.

Triatoma maculata, its resurgence as a transmitter of “Chagas” in Venezuela

“RVSP” UNA LUZ PARA VENEZUELA EN SALUD PÚBLICA

We arrived at the second issue of the Journal of Public Health Venezolana (RVSP), thanking all our readers for the tremendous reception given, mainly professionals and students of Health Sciences, both domestic and foreign, acceptance as evidenced by the more than two thousand hits per month (only in our website http://bibvirtual.ucla.edu.ve/rvsp/), to which are added, those made through the twenty indices that have supported our initiative and which we offer special recognition to:Dirección de Bibliotecas de la UCLA, Electronic Journals Library (EZB UR Alemania), Bibliothekssystem Universität Hamburg, Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg, Universität Des Saarlandes, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Bibliothek Hochschule Hannover, Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research (Suiza), Índice Mexicano de Revistas Biomédicas Latinoamericanas IMBIOMED, Max Planck Institute, GREENPILOT, Universitats Bibliothk Leipzig, TU Clausthal, SLUB, Medicina 21 (España), Goethe Universitat, Actualidad Iberoamericana (Chile), UniversitätsBibliothek Heidelberg, CTW, German Cancer Research Center, Directory of Research Journals Indexing and Google Académico. We also thank all our writers, contributors, editorial team and assessors, both nationally and internationally, for their support

NON-USAGE THE MEDICAL-DENTAL SERVICES OF THE PROFESSORS OF THE UNIVERSIDAD CENTROCCIDENTAL “LISANDRO ALVARADO”. VENEZUELA

The purpose of this article is to describe the non-usage the medical-dental services of the professors of the Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, throughout a descriptive crossectional study. From a sample of 322 professors estimated by a probabilistic stratified sampling with proportional affixation, an intentional sub-sample of 60 professors that did not use the services was selected. A validated and reliable questionnaire was used to measure the professors’ opinion about those factors that influence the usage of the health services. The results show: 70.0% of the professors were between 37 and 56 years old; 51.7% and 66.7% are males and marriage, respectively. Close to a 100% of the professors from the schools of health science, veterinary, business have the academic condition of ordinary and full professors; the profession was related in a high proportion with the school enrolled. On the other hand, 90% had knowledge regarding the medical-dental services; also expressed the primary reasons of the non-usage of the services, among which are: “lack of trust in the health professionals”, “absenteeism of the professionals”, and “inadequate health attention”. Among the conclusions it is important to mention that the majority of professors who did not use the medical-dental services, have knowledge about the functioning of it ; which do not correspond with the demographic and academic profile characteristics. This investigation was sponsored by the CDCHT/UCLA under the code 015-ME-2008

ANIMAL HEALTH COMMUNITY EXPERIENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON PUBLIC HEALTH

We present the results of a project which included five activities in different sectors of the city of Barquisimeto in Lara state, with the intention of determining the level of knowledge that the community has on zoonoses. The activities were made in the communities of Yacural in Santa Rosa parish in two opportunities, in Patarata of Cathedral parish twice and Rotario District in Juan de Villegas parish, all of them in the municipality Iribarren of Lara state. The activities attended a total of 341 people whom were provided information on zoonotic diseases associated with pet ownership emphasizing on measures that can be used for prevention; also 215 pets were attended providing medical care and veterinary diagnostic for ecto and endoparasites; in some pet was found the presence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ctenocephalides sp., Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara sp., Dipylidium caninum, Trichuris sp., Giardia sp. and Ehrlichia sp.

MALNUTRITION BY EXCESS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOL. BARQUISIMETO LARA STATE

In order to determine the frequency of malnutrition by excess and some associated risk factors, in schoolchildren of fourth and fifth graders from Republican of Costa Rica School and Nuestra Señora de la Paz School of Barquisimeto Lara state, in period September-December 2011, we performed a descriptive, cross-sectional study, we included 180 student whose representatives gave their written informed consent to participate, with non-probability accidental sample. Current nutritional status was determined by Body mass index (BMI) using the table of the World Health Organization (WHO) and a questionnaire was applied. The results indicate that excess weight affects 30% of the students (40.5% of the Republican of Costa Rica School and 10.9% of Nuestra Señora de la Paz School) and females showed higher percentage with 32.1%. In the studied with overweight and obesity found that 66.7% reported consuming fast food and candy more than 5 times per week, 56.3% physical activity less than 1 hour a day and 46.4% television viewing while eating. We conclude that there is a significant frequency of malnutrition by excess in the student of the public institution in relation to the College. Given that the predominant risk factors were the modifiable, the conduct must be directed to education and prevention, to promote healthy lifestyles.

HEALTH NEEDS: A CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL

The difficulty of accurately express the concept of health needs requires the review of the different positions in the conceptions about this construct, in order to conduct effective actions to meet these requirements when concerned. So we reviewed the literature of the subject and determine the ontological, epistemological and methodological prevalent to study and define health needs. To ensure identification of studies on the subject, it was made sure to consult only the publications of peer-reviewed journals and indexed in the area and presented in various databases. As a result of this recognition, it was studied a total of 26 articles, moreover twenty-three publications addressed the area of interest from the quantitative or positivist approach and three from the qualitative approach that tried to capture the complexity of the phenomenon. The variables more studied were employment status, age, place of origin and source of assistance to health services. For the analysis, descriptive statistics expressed as absolute frequencies or regression. We conclude that persist a positivist approach when studying the diverse in interpretation of human needs in health and well it is perceived that there is no consensus or standard that defines how to prioritize their assessment.

RESEARCH METHOD OF FEMINIST ENGENDERING IN WOMEN'S HEALTH: BUILDING A THEORETICAL CORPUS

The World Health Organization emphasizes the need to generate knowledge about the health of women, however recognizes that there are still many gaps in the understanding of the particular challenges in that area faced by women and how these might be resolved effectively. In light of this, this study starts from the premise that doing research on the health status of women means assuming a different rationality, in the framework of a non-androcentric vision of knowledge. As such, it attempts to build a theoretical corpus to serve as onto-epistemological support the design of a research method with a gender perspective, able to explore both the subjective world as the target scenario-specific gender relations and their determinants of women's health. It falls within the theoretical research mode of documentary, based on the deductive-dialectical. The argumentative confrontation led us reach a dialectical synthesis accounting theory based corpus, which foreshadows a final reflection on the method with feminist gender perspective which should be conceived as the dialectical unity between theory and practice, a theory that reflect critically on the concrete-symbolic nature of patriarchy as well as know how to define the complex set of procedures and techniques, the application will generate the necessary information, capable of being transformed and organized into a new understanding of the health status women.

CITIZENSHIP CONSTRUCTION AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE LARA STATE COMMUNITIES OF VENEZUELA. UNIVERSITY EXTENSION EXPERIENCE SYSTEMATIZATION.

This paper has as a goal to present the reconstruction of an experience in the setting of a University Extension project, its critical analysis as well as the knowledge and lessons learned through the systematization of facts and activities carried out in itself over four years, in its two major themes a) Management and Promotion from the Direction of University Extension, projects that improve life condition of the population, strengthening the social capital and citizen construction in the Lara state communities and b) Implementation within specific extension projects of the conditions for the practice of the social capital own elements, such as: nets formation, capacities production, spread of the application of values like trust, solidarity, cooperation, besides promoting civic conscience in its participants. Results are presented as the orderly reconstruction of the experience and lessons learned in theorical-conceptual, methodological aspects.

HERBAL POISONING IN CHILDREN. BASIC ASPECTS.

Folk use of herbs and plants reputed as medicinal plants can cause adverse effects in the pediatric population, particularly newborns and infants younger with an underlying respiratory or digestive disease. Administration excessive and / or prolonged doses of a decoction in a patient previously ill, may explains herbs poisoning. Additionally, medical knowledge about herbal medicine is poor and patient’s family does not provide information about administration of these products. These circumstances could justify having basic information that allows to clinician to optimize diagnosis and treatment of plants poisoning and developing primary prevention programs.

Dr. LUIS DAO LAMEH FIRST REPORT OF CONGENITAL CHAGAS

It briefly describes the scientific achievements of Dr. Luis Dao, emphasizing the description of the first global report congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas disease, occurred in Guárico State, Venezuela.

WE NEED TO PROMOTE RESEARCH IN DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN PUBLIC HEALTH

It discusses the importance of knowing the intention of studying reality, for it is about showing how this process of knowing depends on the philosophical foundation that supports this intention. This particular form of knowledge production is a scientific theory and a deep reflection on the phenomenon paradigmatic linked the researcher has dealt with the conscious of postures oriented in their work. Therefore, selecting a research topic means implicitly define a line of work, supported by a body of knowledge of a group of researchers who share an epistemological methodology oriented in a working line. Consequently, this paper tries to establish links between what should be a knowledge production with an epistemological position, generated doctoral studies and the complex relationship between science and technology and society.