ESPN markets itself as the "Worldwide Leader in Sports". Most programming on ESPN networks consist of live or tape-delayed sporting events, sports news programming, sports talk shows, and original series and documentaries.[4][5]

In August 2016, Disney purchased a 1/3 stake in BAMTech for $1 billion from MLB Advanced Media with the option to purchase a majority share, which it later exercised now owning 75% . Disney purchased the stake to first develop an ESPN subscription streaming service, the service would not include any current ESPN channel or its content, but tap BAMTech licensed rights and ESPN college rights.[6]

Under the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission's rules regarding foreign broadcasters, ESPN has been prohibited from acquiring majority ownership of any channel operating in Canada. Instead, ESPN partnered with several Canadian firms to form a privately held consortium named NetStar Communications in 1995, which then acquired the sports networks TSN and RDS, these Canadian partners then sold their shares in 2001 to CTV Inc. (now Bell Media). ESPN continues to own 20 percent of what is now CTV Specialty Television while Bell Media owns the remaining 80 percent.[7]

Through CTV Specialty Television, ESPN also has an indirect interest in several channels operated in partnership with Discovery Communications, but ESPN is not believed to be directly involved with these operations.

In 2006, ESPN acquired the North American Sports Network (NASN), later re-branded as ESPN America in 2008.[8][9] ESPN launched a domestic channel in the United Kingdom after acquiring a portion of the local rights package to the Premier League alongside Sky Sports, replacing the collapsing Setanta Sports. The contract lasted from the 2009-10 season to the 2012-13 season.[10][11] However, by 2012, the network had begun to lose many of its key sports rights, including the Premier League, to BT Group.[12][13][14]

On January 25, 2013, ESPN reached a deal to sell its television business in the United Kingdom and Ireland, including ESPN America's programming rights, to BT Group, the ESPN channel in the United Kingdom was placed under the control of BT Sport, while ESPN Classic and ESPN America were shut down. ESPN continues to operate digital properties targeting the United Kingdom, including its ESPN.co.uk, ESPN FC, ESPNcricinfo, and ESPNscrum websites.[15] Two years later, ESPN reached a long-term deal with BT Sport for British rights to ESPN original programming and international event rights.[16]

1.
Broadcasting of sports events
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The broadcasting of sports events is the live coverage of sports as a television program, on radio, and other broadcasting media. It usually involves one or more sports commentators describing the events as they happen, Broadcasting of sports started with descriptions of play sent via telegraph in the 1890s. In 1896, a line was connected to the Victoria Rink in Montreal to update fans in Winnipeg of the Stanley Cup challenge series between Montreal and Winnipeg ice hockey teams. Later that month, the first full-game broadcast took place in Winnipeg and that same season, hockey broadcasting pioneer Foster Hewitt made his first broadcast. In 1933, Hewitt called a Canada-wide radio broadcast of an NHL game between the Detroit Red Wings and the Toronto Maple Leafs, always starting the broadcast with Hello, Canada, and hockey fans in the United States and Newfoundland. This phrase stuck around all the way to CBCs first national television broadcast of Hockey Night in Canada in October 1952, today it is consistently among the highest-rated programs in Canada. Broadcasting of the Canadian Football League has been a fixture of Canadian television since the CBCs debut in 1952, from 1962 through 2007, there were two separate CFL contracts, one for CBC, and one for CTV. Terrestrial television broadcasts of CFL games ended in 2008, when TSN acquired exclusive TV rights to the league, American sports broadcasts are widely available in Canada, both from Canadian stations and from border blasters in the United States. The first sports event broadcast in the United Kingdom was a Rugby Union international between England and Wales, broadcast from Twickenham in January 1927, two weeks later the first broadcast of a football match took place, with the BBC covering Arsenals league fixture against Sheffield United at Highbury. The United Kingdom saw the first live television broadcast of a football match, the British media is dominated by national outlets, with local media playing a much smaller role. ITV broadcast a smaller portfolio of events, and Channel 4 broadcast a few events from the 1980s, mainly horse races, in the early 1990s this arrangement was shaken up by the arrival of pay-TV in the form of BSkyB. Their dedicated sports channels have become the only place for some major sports to be seen. There is also a dedicated UK version of Eurosport, called British Eurosport, Radio sports coverage is also important. BBC Radio 5 Live broadcasts almost all sports events. BBC Local Radio also provides coverage of sport, giving more exposure to second-tier clubs which get limited national coverage. In the United States, national and local media both serve major roles in sports broadcasting, depending on the league and event, telecasts are often shown live on network television, and nationally available cable channels. Additionally, cable channels also exist that are dedicated to types of sports, certain college sports conferences. Pay-per-view broadcasts are restricted to combat sports such as boxing

2.
Bristol, Connecticut
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Bristol is a suburban city located in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States,20 miles southwest of Hartford. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 60,477, Bristol is primarily known as the home of ESPN, whose central studios are in the city. Bristol is also home to Lake Compounce, Americas oldest functioning theme park, Bristol was known as a clock-making city in the 19th century, and is home to the American Clock & Watch Museum. In 2010, Bristol was ranked 84th on Money Magazines Best Places to Live, in 2013, Hartford Magazine ranked Bristol as Greater Hartfords top municipality in the Best Bang for the Buck category. Bristol is about 20 miles west of Hartford,120 miles southwest from Boston, and approximately 100 miles northeast of New York City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 26.8 square miles, of which 26.4 square miles is land and 0.39 square miles. The city contains several sections, including Chippens Hill in the northwestern quarter of Bristol, Edgewood in the northeastern quarter, and Forestville. The majority of Bristols cityscape is residential in character, though since 2008 there has been a push for development in the city. Forestville was the grounds of the Tunxis tribe until the 19th century. The village was established in 1833 and named Forestville for its wooded surroundings, Forestville today has grown into a mini-metropolis of suburban neighborhoods and local businesses. Within the Forestville area, there are two known as East Bristol and the Stafford District. At one time all of Forestville had its own zip code, as of the 2010 census, there were 60,477 people,25,189 households, and 16,175 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,265.8 inhabitants per square mile, there were 26,125 housing units at an average density of 985.6 per square mile. 28. 9% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.38, and the average family size was 2.94. The age diversity at the 2000 census was 23. 2% under the age of 18,7. 2% from 18 to 24,32. 5% from 25 to 44,22. 2% from 45 to 64, the median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.6 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males. The median income for a household in the city in 2010 was $57,610, the per capita income for the city was $30,573. 10. 5% of the population was living below the poverty line, out of the total population,8. 7% of those under the age of 18 and 5. 9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line

3.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929

4.
Hearst Communications
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Hearst Communications, often referred to as simply Hearst, is an American mass media and business information conglomerate. The Hearst company is based in the Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan and it was founded by William Randolph Hearst as an owner of newspapers, and the Hearst family remains involved in its ownership and management. Under William Randolph Hearsts will, a board of thirteen trustees administers the Hearst Foundation, the William Randolph Hearst Foundation. The foundations shared ownership until tax law changed to prevent this, Frank A. Bennack Jr. former chief executive officer and executive vice chairman of the corporation John G. Conomikes, former executive of the corporation Gilbert C. In 1880, George Hearst, mining entrepreneur, American publisher, on March 4,1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst. He pushed his staff to write exciting stories, and wrote editorials worded with force. Within a few years, the new Examiner was a success, in 1895, Hearst purchased the New York Journal, laying the foundation for one of the major newspaper dynasties in American history. He established Hearsts Chicago American in 1900, renamed the morning edition of the New York Journal as the New York American in 1901, the Los Angeles Examiner was launched in 1903 followed by the Boston American one year later. Hearst experimented with every aspect of publishing, from page layouts to editorial crusades. His newspapers introduced innovations such as presses, halftone photographs on newsprint, comic sections printed in color. Stories by Hearst correspondents from around the world were sold to newspapers, giving rise to the Hearst International News Service. In 1903, Hearst Magazines was begun with the publication of Motor magazine, within the next 10 years Hearst acquired several popular titles, starting in 1905 with Cosmopolitan and Good Housekeeping in 1911. Also in 1911, Hearst bought a middling monthly magazine called World To-Day, in June 1914, its title was shortened to Hearsts, and it was ultimately retitled Hearsts International in May 1922. In 1953 Hearst Magazines bought Sports Afield magazine which it kept until 1999 when it was sold to Robert E. Petersen, Hearst began producing film feature in the mid-1910s, creating one of the earliest animation studios, the International Film Service. Hearst established Cosmopolitan Pictures in the 1920s, distributing his films under the newly created Metro Goldwyn Mayer, in 1929, Hearst and MGM created the Hearst Metrotone newsreels. In order to spare serious cutbacks at San Simeon, Hearst merged Hearsts International magazine with Cosmopolitan effective March 1925, Hearst died in 1951, and the Hearsts International disappeared from the magazine cover altogether in April 1952. In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst owned the biggest media conglomerate in the world, in 1924 he also merged his Milwaukee operations with the Pfister family, owners of The Milwaukee Sentinel. Hearst owned the evening Wisconsin News while the Pfisters kept the Sentinel adding Hearsts features from the now-folded Telegram, in 1925, Hearst sold the Syracuse Telegram to the owners of the Syracuse Journal, while selling the New York Mirror in 1928

5.
Cable television
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This contrasts with broadcast television, in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone services, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables, analog television was standard in the 20th century, but since the 2000s, cable systems have been upgraded to digital cable operation. A cable channel is a television network available via cable television, alternative terms include non-broadcast channel or programming service, the latter being mainly used in legal contexts. Examples of cable/satellite channels/cable networks available in many countries are HBO, MTV, Cartoon Network, E. Eurosport, the abbreviation CATV is often used for cable television. It originally stood for Community Access Television or Community Antenna Television, in areas where over-the-air TV reception was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large community antennas were constructed, and cable was run from them to individual homes. The origins of cable broadcasting for radio are even older as radio programming was distributed by cable in some European cities as far back as 1924, Cable television has gone through a series of steps of evolution in the United States and Canada. Particularly in Canada, communities with their own signals were fertile cable markets, as viewers wanted to receive American signals. Early systems carried only a maximum of seven channels, using 2,4,5 or 6,7,9,11 and 13, as the equipment was unable to confine the signal discreetly within the assigned channel bandwidth. The reason 4 and 5 along with 6 and 7 could be used together was because of the 4 MHz gap between 4 and 5 and the nearly 90 MHz gap between 6 and 7. Even though eight channels are listed, in systems that maximized 7 channels. As equipment improved, all channels could be utilized, except where a local VHF television station broadcast. Local broadcast channels were not usable for signals deemed to be priority, later, the cable operators began to carry FM radio stations, and encouraged subscribers to connect their FM stereo sets to cable. Before stereo and bilingual TV sound became common, Pay-TV channel sound was added to the FM stereo cable line-ups, about this time, operators expanded beyond the 12-channel dial to use the midband and superband VHF channels adjacent to the high band 7-13 of North American television frequencies. Some operators as in Cornwall, Ontario, used a dual distribution network with Channels 2-13 on each of the two cables, during the 1980s, United States regulations not unlike public, educational, and government access created the beginning of cable-originated live television programming. These stations evolved partially into todays over-the-air digital subchannels, where a main broadcast TV station e. g, many live local programs with local interests were subsequently created all over the United States in most major television markets in the early 1980s. This evolved into todays many cable-only broadcasts of diverse programming, including cable-only produced television movies and miniseries, Cable specialty channels, starting with channels oriented to show movies and large sporting or performance events, diversified further, and narrowcasting became common. By the late 1980s, cable-only signals outnumbered broadcast signals on cable systems, by the mid-1980s in Canada, cable operators were allowed by the regulator to enter into distribution contracts with cable networks on their own. By the 1990s, tiers became common, with customers able to subscribe to different tiers to obtain different selections of additional channels above the basic selection, by subscribing to additional tiers, customers could get specialty channels, movie channels, and foreign channels

6.
ESPN
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ESPN is a U. S. -based global cable and satellite sports television channel owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol, Connecticut, the network also operates offices in Miami, New York City, Seattle, Charlotte, and Los Angeles. John Skipper currently serves as president of ESPN, a position he has held since January 1,2012, as of February 2015, ESPN is available to approximately 94,396,000 paid television households in the United States. In 2011, ESPNs history and rise was chronicled by These Guys Have All the Fun, Bill Rasmussen conceived the concept of ESPN in late May 1978, after he was fired from his job with the World Hockey Associations New England Whalers. One of the first steps in Bill and his son Scotts process was finding land to build the channels broadcasting facilities, the Rasmussens first rented office space in Plainville, Connecticut. However, the plan to base ESPN there was put on hold because a local ordinance prohibiting buildings from bearing rooftop satellite dishes and this helped the credibility of the fledgling company, however there were still many doubters to the viability of their sports channel concept. ESPN launched on September 7,1979, beginning with the first telecast of what would become the flagship program. Taped in front of a live audience inside the Bristol studios. ESPNs next big break came when the acquired the rights to broadcast coverage of the early rounds of the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament. It first aired the NCAA tournament in March 1980, creating the modern day television event known as March Madness. The channels tournament coverage also launched the career of Dick Vitale. In April of that year, ESPN created another made-for-TV spectacle, the next major stepping stone for ESPN came over the course of a couple of months in 1984. During this time period, the American Broadcasting Company purchased 100% of ESPN from the Rasmussens, for years, the NFL, NBA and Major League Baseball refused to consider cable as a means of broadcasting some of their games. However, with the backing of ABC, ESPNs ability to compete for major sports contracts greatly increased, later in 1984, the U. S. ESPNs Sunday Night Football games would become the highest-rated NFL telecasts for the next 17 years. In 1992, ESPN launched ESPN Radio, a sports talk radio network providing analysis. It became the fastest growing cable channel in the U. S. during the 1990s, ownership of ABC, and in effect control of ESPN, was acquired first by Capital Cities Communications in 1985, and then by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. In 2012, ESPN generated more revenue for Disney than any of its other properties combined, alongside its live sports broadcasts, ESPN also airs a variety of sports highlight, talk, and documentary-styled shows. 30 for 30 started airing in 2009 and continues airing to this day, each episode is through the eyes of a well known filmmaker and has featured some of the biggest directors in Hollywood

7.
ESPN Radio
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ESPN Radio is an American sports radio network. It was launched on January 1,1992 under the banner of SportsRadio ESPN. ESPN Radio is located at ESPN headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut, ESPN Radio is broadcast to hundreds of affiliate stations as well as to subscribers of Sirius XM Radio in the United States and Canada. The networks content is streamed online and via mobile applications and other media devices via TuneIn. In 2014, ESPN partnered with TuneIn to create 24/7 streams of its most popular programming including Mike & Mike, select iHeartMedia-owned ESPN Radio affiliates are available through iHeartRadio. Most other markets have ESPN Radio affiliates, whether they be part-time or have their entire format dedicated to ESPN Radio, the Walt Disney Company did not include the ESPN Radio network or the Radio Disney network in the 2007 sale of ABC Radio to Citadel Broadcasting. ESPN Radio Network was formed in September 1991 by both ESPN, Inc. and Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. s ABC Radio Networks. Twenty-five stations had signed on as affiliates as of its announcement on September 5,1991 with an expected total of 200 at the January launch. Shelby Whitfield, executive producer of ABC Radio Sports, and John A. Walsh, the network launched as Sports Radio ESPN on January 1,1992. At first, ESPN Radio broadcast only on weekends, the network debut with 16 hours running on 147 affiliates in 43 states. Its initial programming consisted of shows, update segments and occasional features. By 1996, it expanded to weekdays with a show hosted by The Fabulous Sports Babe, one hour of that show was simulcast on ESPN2. Two years later, Tony Bruno and Mike Golic were brought together for a new morning show, Mike Greenberg was named as Brunos replacement, and the morning show became Mike & Mike, which still airs today. In January,2010, Mike & Mike celebrated their 10-year anniversary on ESPN Radio, dan Patrick was a mainstay in afternoons until his departure from ESPN in 2007. Gradually, ESPN added more dayparts and became a 24-hour service, in 1995, ESPN Radio gained national radio rights to the NBA. In 1997, it gained the national rights to MLB. Disney purchased WEVD from the Forward Association in September 2002 to become WEPN, ESPN Radio flagship station. Disney spun off and merged on June 12,2007 its ABC Radio Networks with Citadel Broadcasting into Citadel Communications while retaining its ESPN Radio and Radio Disney networks, note **, KESN103.3 FM is currently operated by Cumulus Media under local marketing agreement

8.
ESPN.com
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ESPN. com is the official website of ESPN. It is owned by ESPN Internet Ventures, a division of ESPN Inc. ESPN. com also has partnerships with MLB. com, NBA. com, NFL. com, WNBA. com, MLSsoccer. com NHL. com, Baseball America, Golf Digest, Scouts Inc. Each section contains pages devoted to, scores, teams, schedules, standings, players, transactions, news wires, injures, the website was part of the MSN portal from 2001 to 2004. ESPN launched a Spanish language website in 2000, ESPN Deportes. com, the content of some ESPN. com articles is argued to have been plagiarized. ESPN started local chapters of its website in response to the decline of local sports coverage available as newspapers continue to go out of business across the country. Each page covers local professional and college teams, hiring locally known writers, in markets where the ABC Owned Television Stations owns a station, their sports coverage is incorporated with the corresponding ESPN local site. Some local sites have expanded into high school sports coverage

9.
MLB Advanced Media
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MLB Advanced Media is a limited partnership of the club owners of Major League Baseball based in New York City and is the Internet and interactive branch of the league. Robert Bowman, president and CEO of MLBAM, indicated in May 2012 that MLBAM generates around $620 million a year in revenue, forbes went as far as calling the company the Biggest Media Company Youve Never Heard Of. The company operates the official web site for the league and the thirty Major League Baseball club web sites via MLB. com, the site offers news, standings, statistics, and schedules, and subscribers have access to live audio and video broadcasts of most games. The company also employs reporters, with one assigned to each team for the season, MLB Advanced Media also owns and operates BaseballChannel. tv and MLB Radio. MLBAM also runs and/or owns the official web sites of Minor League Baseball, YES Network and it has also provided the backend infrastructure for WWE Network, WatchESPN, ESPN3, HBO Now, and PGA Tour Live. Major League Baseball Advanced Media was formed in 2000 by Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig to consolidate online rights, MLBAM was to be capitalized with $120 million with $1 million per team contributed each year for four years. The company hired a consulting firm to build its websites which failed to work properly. In 2002, the attempt to run a streaming package around Japanese player Ichiro Suzuki of the Mariners to little success, with these failures, MLB Advance Media used its ticket rights to get an advance from Ticketmaster in mid 2002. With its $10 million advance from Ticketmaster, MLBAM used it meet payroll, a Texas Rangers - New York Yankees game was produced and broadcast online on August 26,2002. The company continued to tweak online broadcasting, a nine-game pennant race package was sold two week later followed by a $19.95 postseason package. Concurrently with 2003 spring training, MLB. tv was launched at $79.95 for a season package. Those revenues halted the need for capital from the teams. In 2005, MLBAM bought ticket sales company Tickets. com in a deal worth approximately $66 million. MLBAM indicated at the time that the move was spurred by increased attendance at both the major and minor league levels of the sport and the need to make ticket purchases convenient for fans, in 2007, MLBAM signed a five-year deal with StubHub. In April 2008, MLBAM signed with Yahoo for ad sales for three years, the company replaced Yahoo with Auditude in a multi-year deal in April 2011. On February 20,2014, Sports Illustrated announced the formation of 120 Sports, a sports video service, with financial backing from MLBAM, the NHL. 2K announced that it would not exercise its license to publish a 2015 MLB video game for the Xbox, thus MLBAM developed a game from scratch in one and half years with only a dozen programmers. The game however was poorly received by the critics, the deal is worth $600 million over the life of the contract, and also grants the NHL an equity stake of up to 10% in a spin-out of MLBAMs technology business

10.
ESPN International
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ESPN International is a family of networks around the world. It was begun in 1989 and is operated by ESPN, canadian regulations on the foreign ownership of broadcasters prohibit ESPN from acquiring majority interest. TSN has also adopted the SportsCentre title for its sports highlights programs, through CTV Specialty, ESPN also has an indirect interest in Discovery Channel Canada and several related channels, which are operated in partnership with Discovery Communications. These holdings date to CTV Specialtys previous incarnations as Labatt Communications and later as NetStar Communications, ESPN is not believed to have any involvement with the Discovery operations. ESPN is also associated with TSN Radio, a brand used by several sports radio stations. In February 2016, ESPN and Tencent reached an agreement of collaboration, eSPN’s content will be localized and exclusively distributed and promoted by Tencent’s digital platforms in China, including college basketball games, the X Games and an ESPN section on QQ. com. Asia, In June 2012, News Corporation acquired ESPNs 50% stake in its joint venture ESPN STAR Sports, most of the networks were re-branded as either STAR Sports or Fox Sports following the purchase. United Kingdom, In February 2013, BT Group acquired ESPNs UK and Ireland television channel and its domestic channel was re-branded as BT Sport ESPN, integrating it with the companys BT Sport channel group. The agreement also allows for joint digital media initiatives between the two companies, ESPN in the United Kingdom List of ESPN Latin America announcers ESPN International home page ESPN ESPN ESPN TSN RDS ESPN Sony ESPN ESPN ESPN QQ J Sports SBS ESPN

11.
ESPN2
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ESPN2 is an American basic cable and satellite television network that is owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. As of February 2015, ESPN2 is available to approximately 94,379,000 pay television households in the United States, ESPN2 launched on October 1,1993 at 7,30 p. m. Eastern Time. The youthful image was reflected in its overall presentation, which featured a graffiti-themed logo. ESPN2 also featured several news programs focused on specific sports, such as NFL 2Night, NHL 2Night. In 1995, ESPN2 introduced the BottomLine, a persistent news ticker which displayed sports news, the BottomLine would later be adopted by ESPN itself and all of its future properties. On-screen graphics used a color scheme instead of red to differentiate it from ESPN. On February 12,2007, the ESPN2 branding was stripped from most on-air presentation and replaced with ESPN, sports events presented on ESPN2 originally tended to be alternative sports such as poker, billiards, lumberjacking, extreme sports and, more recently, drum and bugle corps. In 2011, ESPN2 also acquired broadcast rights to delayed coverage for some American Le Mans Series events, the channel has also become ESPNs home for tennis coverage. The showpieces are all four of the Grand Slam tournaments, the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. Also featured on ESPN2 are the ATP World Tour Finals and U. S. -based tournaments, including the ATP Masters 1000 events at Indian Wells and Miami, as well as the US Open Series. ESPN2 formerly broadcast matches of the UEFA Champions League, until rights for that tournament moved to Fox Soccer, in 2003, ESPN2 began broadcasting Major League Lacrosse games. In March 2007, ESPN2 and the agreed on a new broadcast contract that will run until the 2016 season. ESPN2s former flagship show, the morning sports/entertainment program Cold Pizza, achieved success and saw several format. In January 2006, it was supplanted by the television simulcast of ESPN Radios Mike and Mike in the Morning, in May 2007, Cold Pizza moved from New York City to the ESPN headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut and was renamed ESPN First Take. After ESPN became part of a new broadcast contract with the association, in return, ESPN2 programming is often seen on ESPN during blackouts of games in certain markets. ESPN2 also often carries SportsCenter at times when the broadcast on ESPN is delayed by an event that overruns into one of the programs scheduled timeslots. The documentary would usually air for two hours, where the first hour would cover the production of the nights show on ESPN. The second hour usually spent time at production control while covering reaction to the nights developments, both ESPN and ESPN2 carried ABC News coverage of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon on September 11,2001

12.
ESPN Australia
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ESPN Australia is a 24-hour sports channel offered in Australia and New Zealand. In order to expand its reach, it has shown an increasing amount of football games including La Liga, UEFA Champions League, World Cup qualifying games. Also on the schedule are rugby matches and Cricket matches. ESPN Australia has also commenced showing locally produced content including Australian versions of PTI and they also air a soccer discussion show Monday to Friday called ESPNsoccernet PressPass which is hosted by Andrew Orsatti. On 1 March 2011 ESPN2 launched in Australia both in standard and high definition formats and it became available on Austar in April 1999, and Foxtel in September 2002. The following is the list of sports programming shown on the ESPN network, ESPN HD commenced in June 2008. The SD version of ESPN began broadcasting in widescreen on 25 January 2010, on 2 June 2011 ESPN HD and ESPN3. com launched in New Zealand on Sky. ESPN 3D launched in Australia on the 30th, July 2010, the channel launched to show 8 hours of the X Games 16 live in 3D. ESPN 3D is currently available in the U. S. and Australia via Foxtel IQ2. Foxtel 3D launched on 1 November 2010 which shows all of ESPN 3Ds content - with ESPN 3D no longer having its own channel. Since the launch of Foxtel 3D, Austar has not had access to 3D content from ESPN, list of sports television channels ESPN Australia website ESPN International website

13.
ESPN Brasil
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ESPN Brasil is a Brazilian cable television network, launched in March 1989. ESPN Brasil was the first country-specific version of ESPN outside the United States, the channel has covered major sporting events, like the 1996,2000,2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics, the 1998 and 2006 FIFA World Cup and the 1999,2003 and 2007 Pan-American Games. Recently ESPN Brasil made a partnership with Rádio Eldorado to broadcast sports on radio, the new Rádio Eldorado ESPN used Eldorados radio assets and the team of commentators from ESPN Brasil. It was renamed Rádio Estadão ESPN in 2007 due to an agreement with the O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper. In 2005 the company incorporated ESPN International coverage, starting to broadcast in two channels, since 2005, shows and games are recorded and broadcast from its studios in São Paulo, though morning schedules continue to include USA and Latin American programs. Prior to May 2011, programs produced by ESPN Brasil generally did not use in-game score graphics, beginning that month, ESPN Brasil began using the same score and other graphics used by the US channel. In November 2011,1 month to start the FIFA Club World Cup, the rights stay now with BandSports. The Fox Sports is coming to Brazil, and tried the rights of UEFA Champions League from ESPN without success, after tried take rights of Barclays Premier League and of Bundesliga. Without success, the target now is the narrator Gustavo Villani, negotiation with him is in progress. In February, The Fox Sports Brazil contracted Rodrigo Bueno, ex-ESPN commantator, in March, the ESPNS network in Brazil started with the broadcast 100% in HD with sports events and original programs. This is the practice of ESPN in USA. The three channels of ESPN in Brazil is broadcast fully in HD, in October 2013, ESPN launched a second screen app, ESPN Sync, to connect to broadcasts of football matches. Six separate channels of ESPN exist in Brazil, ESPN Brasil, ESPN, focused in international football, US-based competitions and other sports such as rugby, tennis and golf. Also featured recorded programming like ESPN Films productions and Brazilian original productions, eSPN+, focused in international football, US-based competitions and extreme sports. Open The Open Championship PGA Championship PGA Tour World Golf Championships Presidents Cup Senior PGA Championship U. S

14.
ESPNews
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Known as ESPN3 in its planning stages and proposed as early as 1993, ESPNEWS launched on November 1,1996 and originally focused on airing sports news, highlights and press conferences. ESPNEWS has increasingly used as an overflow network for programming conflicts on the other ESPN networks. Olbermann was also carried live on ESPNEWS on weeknights if sports coverage on ESPN2 overflowed into that programs regular time slot, as of February 2015, ESPNews is available to approximately 71,989,000 pay television households in the United States. ESPNEWS is typically offered on the tiers of U. S. cable providers. If a national ESPN broadcast is blacked out in a particular market, eSPNEWSs bottom line – a small rectangular area at the bottom fifth of the screen which displays sports scores – was formerly more in-depth than the versions used by ESPNs other networks. It contained not only scores, but also statistics and brief news alerts about the sports headlines. m. Eastern Time on that same day, XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio both provide channels with audio simulcasts of ESPNEWS, with the networks television advertisements replaced with radio ads from each service. On February 4,2008, XM rebranded its channel as ESPN Xtra, and added radio programs from local ESPN Radio affiliates as well as the audio simulcast of ESPNEWS. The Beat was shown while SportsCenter aired on ESPN at 6,00 p. m. Eastern Time until its cancellation in July 2011, by early 2013, the only other programs featured on ESPNEWS were Highlight Express, and the overnight soccer program ESPNFC Press Pass. A program titled under the ESPNEWS brand was replaced by SportsCenter, the highlights and segment package for America This Morning came under the purview of the late-night SportsCenter team from Los Angeles from that day forward. When ESPN2 televised the 2009 U. S. Open tennis tournament, coverage of the NCAA Womens Softball Preliminary Tournament aired on ESPNEWS on May 18,2013, due to NBA playoff coverage on ESPN and X Games Barcelona coverage on ESPN2. The networks most apparent overflow use has been with the NASCAR Nationwide Series in 2013. On April 26, ESPNEWS carried full live coverage of the Toyota Care 250 at Richmond International Raceway, due to NBA playoff coverage on ESPN, with the 2013 NFL Drafts second night airing on ESPN2. The Kentucky 300 on September 21 from Kentucky Speedway was also moved over to ESPNEWS due to football games airing on both ESPN networks. ESPN Goal Line also has expanded onto additional cable systems through new carriage agreements struck by The Walt Disney Company in early 2013. ESPNs coverage of Wimbledon was often moved to ESPNews in 2014 due to their coverage of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, ESPNs coverage of the Wisconsin v. USC Holiday Bowl was moved to ESPNews in 2015. ESPNEWS operates a high definition simulcast feed, which broadcasts in 720p and was launched on March 30,2008, originally, the layout and graphics were reworked specifically for viewing on widescreen television sets, offering additional content not available on the channels standard definition feed. It utilized reworked HD sideline graphics, a descendant of the Rundown used on overnight editions of SportsCenter on ESPN, the HD Sideline offered the display of textual information, headshots, news and scores, while still delivering video highlights in the HD format

15.
ESPN Classic
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ESPN Classic is an American digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and Hearst Corporation. The channel features rebroadcasts of famous sporting events, sports documentaries, such programs include biographies of famous sports figures or a rerun of a marquee World Series or Super Bowl game, often with added commentary on the event. As of February 2015, ESPN Classic is available to approximately 25,516,000 television households in the United States, other providers will follow suit on an unknown timetable. The channel was launched on May 6,1995 as the Classic Sports Network, the Ada Oklahoma location of Post Newsweek cable with 6500 subscribers was the first cable system to carry the programming. CSN was founded by Brian Bedol and Steve Greenberg, both of whom went on to launch College Sports Television ), with funding from Allen & Company. In 1997, ESPN, Inc. purchased Classic Sports Network for $175 million, throughout its history, dating back to its existence as Classic Sports Network, the channels logo has incorporated a stylized silhouette intending to resemble a boxer. An analyst quoted in the report suggested a merger of NFL Network with ESPN Classic due to the wide distribution on expanded basic cable tiers. Though a consolidation of the two channels did not materialize, ESPNs networks and NFL Network would begin to share programming. Eventually however, NFL Network was able to obtain full carriage on most providers on its own by the middle of the 2012 season, the lawsuit claimed that ESPN violated the Most Favored Nations clause. We will not renegotiate settled contracts and will defend this legal action. ESPN Classic is the only U. S. -based ESPN network that airs infomercials, likewise, archival games from the Southeastern Conference and the University of Texas Longhorns have respectively moved to the ESPN-operated SEC Network and Longhorn Network. By 2011, ESPN Classic drifted toward a mix of reruns of entertainment series in prime time, the first live event to be shown on ESPN Classic was the implosion of the Kingdome in Seattle in March 2000. This was also scheduled for ESPN2, but it was preceded by a Little League World Series game, Japan would win the game in 10 innings, and ESPN2 picked up the coverage in the fourth quarter. Ironically, the WNBA game would set a record for longest playoff game as the Sun defeated the Fever in triple overtime, two Champ Car World Series races in September and one in October. Since then, these games or events have been shown live on ESPN Classic, The 2008 Indy Japan 300, the entirety of the 2008 NASCAR Nationwide Series Lipton Tea 250. The race was simulcast with Speed and ESPN360. com, as ESPN2 was obligated to an NBA playoff game during the time of the race. In addition, the network had planned to air the 2008 Sharpie Mini 300, picking up the coverage from ABC, had it continued, however, clint Bowyer was declared the race winner. The opening five minutes of the Winter X Games, on January 30,2010, the event aired on ESPN2 a few minutes later, due to a runover of an Indiana-Illinois basketball game

16.
ESPN Films
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ESPN Films is a production company which produces and distributes sports films and documentaries. It is owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between the Disney–ABC Television Group division of The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation, created in March 2008, ESPN Films produces films covering sports-related stories. Projects from the subsidiary include 30 for 30, the critically acclaimed Nine for IX series, the subsidiary ceased operations for several months starting in 2007. The companys logo did not appear as a vanity card on any ESPN programs, in early March 2008, ESPN announced that it would relaunch the unit as ESPN Films. In addition, ESPN announced a new alliance with the Creative Artists Agency, the film, which won a Peabody Award in 2009, about the history of basketball played at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. The companys first theatrical film was X Games 3D, The Movie, on October 6,2009, ESPN premiered 30 for 30, a 30-hour series produced by ESPN Films that debuted in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the cable networks launch. Among those participating in the project included Spike Lee, Richard Linklater, Barry Levinson, positive reaction from both critics and viewers led to a spin-off 30 for 30, Volume II. ESPN took its first ever Academy Award when the 30 for 30 film O. J, made in America won in the category of Best Documentary Feature at the 2017 Oscars. Around the Horn Cold Pizza ESPN Hollywood The Fantasy Show Jim Rome Is Burning Pardon the Interruption Quite Frankly with Stephen A. J. Made in America 3, The Dale Earnhardt Story A Season on the Brink Code Breakers Hustle Ruffian The Junction Boys Four Minutes X Games 3D, The Movie Lombardi Keepers of the Streak Queen of Katwe

17.
ESPN Deportes
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The network is aimed primarily at Hispanic population in the United States. The channel broadcasts from facilities at ESPNs traditional bases of operations in Los Angeles, Coral Gables, Florida and Bristol, Connecticut. ESPN Deportes is available on most cable and satellite providers including Comcast, Altice USA, AT&T U-verse, Cox Communications, Charter Communications, Dish Network and DirecTV. According to Nielsen, ESPN Deportes is available to at least 5.5 million Hispanic households in the United States through a package that includes the channel. By 2003, this simulcast was expanded to all Sunday Night Baseball and Sunday Night Football game broadcasts, ESPN Deportes became a separate 24-hour sports cable channel on January 7,2004. However as of 2016, the BottomLine ticker has since expanded to the 16,9 design used by the other ESPN networks, on December 7,2015, the network debuted its new four-studio production facility in Mexico City with the Spanish version of SportsCenter. On January 4,2016, the network moved all their shows produced in Mexico to the new facilities, including Fútbol Picante, Los Capitanes, the ESPN Deportes version focuses mostly on culturally relevant sports news and stories, and offers in-depth analysis and highlights aimed at Hispanic viewers. Fútbol Picante – A roundtable discussion program featuring a panel of journalists discussing the football headlines and scores. The show airs simultaneously on ESPN Deportes television and ESPN Deportes radio weekday afternoons, the program is based on the format of Pardon the Interruption. Nación ESPN – Produced from ESPNs Los Angeles studio, Nación ESPN is the place for sports. Many episodes also feature an interview with a high-profile Hispanic athlete or celebrity. The program is based on the format of SportsNation and is hosted by David Faitelson, Mauricio Pedroza, Fútbol Center – A short-form football-focused program, airing weekends and Thursdays before UEFA Europa League action. Unlike the majority of the shows produced in Mexico, Fútbol Center exclusively airs on ESPN Deportes and does not air in Mexico or Central America. Toque Inicial – The program presents the most relevant news in a way, with humor. The show has several segments, showing the humorous side of the news with a touch of sarcasm, parody, the show is generally aimed towards the younger audience. The show is hosted by Juan Pablo Fernández and Paulina García Robles, Golpe a Golpe – A boxing news and analysis program, hosted by boxer Juan Manuel Márquez and Jorge Eduardo Sánchez. A los Golpes – A weekly live boxing news and analysis program produced in ESPNs Los Angeles studios, hosted by former boxer Julio César Chávez, David Faitelson, fuera de Juego – ESPN Deportes international football program, which focuses primarily on European football and international football. Regular hosts include Fernando Palomo, Carolina Guillen, Andrés Agulla, Ricardo Ortiz, Richard Méndez, Manu Martín, Barak Fever and ex-footballers José Antonio Noriega and Mario Kempes

18.
ESPNU
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The channel is primarily dedicated to coverage of college athletics, and is also used as an additional outlet for general ESPN programming. ESPNU is based alongside ESPN Events at its headquarters in Charlotte, as of February 2015, ESPNU is available to approximately 73,594,000 pay television households in the United States. The network was launched on March 4,2005, with its first broadcast originating from the site of Gallagher-Iba Arena on the Oklahoma State University campus in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The networks first live event was a game of the Ohio Valley Conference mens basketball tournament between Southeast Missouri State University and Eastern Kentucky University. The network was launched as a response to rival College Sports Television, ESPN was also being investigated by the U. S. ESPN and XOS Technologies entered into a partnership for college athletics websites to compete directly with CSTVs growing internet presence. On August 28,2006, ESPNU launched a new SportsCenter spin-off focusing entirely on college sports, the program, SportsCenterU, was originally scheduled to be broadcast from ESPNs headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut, however ESPN instead chose to originate the show from Charlotte. Mike Hall was the lead anchor until August 2007, when he left for the new Big Ten Network. He was replaced by Mike Gleason and Lowell Galindo, the two are joined on-set by color commentators that vary depending on the sports season. The same day as SportsCenterUs debut, ESPNU launched the website ESPNU. com, the site included live streaming of college sports events, a multi-media player dedicated to college sports, podcasts and ESPN Motion clips of studio programming from the ESPNU television network. In addition to its sports coverage, ESPNU has simulcast ESPN Radios midday program over its airwaves since 2008. The program airing for the majority of time was The Herd with Colin Cowherd. Following Cowherds departure and several weeks of guest hosts taking over the timeslot, ESPNU was added to most Comcast systems in time for the start of the 2009–10 college football season. This ended several years of negotiations and somewhat of a feud between Comcast and ESPN over carriage of ESPNU, cablevision added ESPNU to its systems on March 23,2010. ESPN announced that the trial was a success and, although the channels are no longer available to Brazilians, ESPNU is carried on PlayStation Vue and Sling TV. The lawsuit claims ESPN violated the Most Favored Nations clause and we will not renegotiate settled contracts and will vigorously defend this legal action, the apparent sole purpose of which is to get a better deal. Dish Network moved the channel from its Classic Gold 250 package to its Classic Bronze 100 package on September 30,2009, however, it claimed that the move had nothing to do with the lawsuit

19.
ESPN Events
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ESPN Events is an American sporting event planning division that is owned by ESPN Inc. ESPN Inc. is a joint venture between the Disney–ABC Television Group division of The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation, ESPN Events is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, and shares its operations with ESPNU. The company was founded as Creative Sports, a sports programming syndicator that merged with Don Ohlmeyers Ohlmeyer Communications Corporation Sports in 1996, after ESPN purchased the merged company, the division was renamed ESPN Regional Television. Most of ESPNs syndicated broadcasts had been presented under the on-air name ESPN Plus, however, the brand has since been phased out from its productions in favor of conference brands, such as SEC TV and the Big 12 Network. ESPN largely exited the business by 2015, moving its conference sports broadcast to dedicated cable networks. The company traces its history to Creative Sports, Inc. a North Carolina-based sports syndicator owned and founded by Bray Cary, ESPN Inc. purchased Creative Sports, Inc. and OCC Sports, Inc. in the mid-1990s. ESPN Regional Television was formed in 1996, through ESPN Inc. s combination of Creative Sports and OCC Sports, under the direction of Chuck Gerber, on March 12,1999, ESPN Regional Television was incorporated in New York. In January 2000, Loren Matthews left ESPN Regional Television for a position at sister division ABC Sports. In 2001, ESPN Regional Television moved beyond broadcasting college football bowl games, in August 2008, ESPN Regional Television secured a 15-year broadcast rights agreement with the Southeastern Conference, assuming the conference syndication rights from Raycom Sports. In 2015, ESPN mostly exited the syndication business and integrated its remaining properties into its cable networks and into its online services, WatchESPN. ESPN Events remains active as an event organizer, Conference USA – Broadcast rights were for regular-season football games. The American Sports Network, a college sports programming syndicator. Mid-American Conference basketball – Broadcast rights were assumed by SportsTime Ohio in 2010, mountain West Conference – Broadcast rights to MWC football and basketball games are now held by CBS Sports Network and NBCSN. Big Ten Conference – Broadcast rights to Big Ten Conference football and basketball games not selected to air regionally or nationally on CBS, ESPN Plus lost the Big Ten rights to the network when it launched in August 2007. The conference rights were held by Raycom Sports, and before that Lincoln Financial Sports. Sun Belt Conference football and men’s basketball, the Sun Belt Network ceased operations in 2014. Western Athletic Conference - ESPN Plus broadcast WAC men’s and women’s basketball until 2014, ERT acquired its first bowl game in 2001, with its purchase of the Las Vagas Bowl from the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority. The company moved into the area as it saw some of their conference partners had teams that were qualified to appear in a bowl game

20.
Longhorn Network
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The Longhorn Network is an American regional sports network that is owned as a joint venture between the University of Texas at Austin, ESPN and IMG College, and is operated by ESPN. The network, which launched on August 26,2011, focuses on the Texas Longhorns varsity sports teams of the University of Texas at Austin, the network also features academic and cultural content from the UT Austin campus. The first national provider to carry the Longhorn Network was fiber optic television service Verizon FiOS, on August 31,2012, the network began to be carried on AT&T U-verse. Currently, the major provider serving Texas that does not carry the Longhorn Network is Comcast. The status of negotiations with Comcast are not publicly known, on October 4,2012, New York-based Cablevision Systems Corporation began carrying LHN on its systems in the Western United States. Its New York City area systems were not included in the deal, on December 31,2012, Charter Communications announced that it would add LHN as part of a wide-range long-term carriage deal with ESPN and The Walt Disney Company. Charter also took over Cablevisions western systems in the first quarter of 2013 and it is available on its systems in Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas and Virginia. On August 8,2013, Time Warner Cable announced that it would begin carrying LHN in its Texas service areas. On March 3,2014, The Walt Disney Company and Dish Network announced a deal to carry the Longhorn Network as part of a new long-term, the channel became available on the satellite provider on May 28 of that year. On December 23,2014, DirecTV announced a long-term, wide-ranging distribution agreement with Disney that included the carriage of Longhorn Network, Longhorn Network launched on DirecTV on January 21,2015 along with Fusion. It became available on regional sports network on the Choice package in the Southwestern United States, Longhorn Extra – A weekday broadcast covering news on the universitys 20 varsity teams. Rewind with Tom Herman – A Monday program featuring analysis from the coach of the past weekends game. Texas All Access – A weekly insider show about the Longhorns sports teams, game Plan with Tom Herman – A Thursday night preview show to the upcoming weekends football game. Longhorn Legends – A roundtable discussion program with Longhorns football coach Mack Brown, the Season,2005 Texas Longhorns – An in-depth review of the 2005 Longhorns football season, during which the team earned its fourth national championship in the universitys history. Texas Greatest Games – A Top 10 countdown of what is considered to be the programs best football games, Texas Greatest Athletes – A program covering those who are considered to be the best athletes that the school has produced. Traditions – A look into how some of the historical sports traditions started. The first live event broadcast on the network aired on the date of its launch. The first live game telecast on the network aired on September 3,2011

21.
University of Texas at Austin
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Founded in 1881 as The University of Texas, its campus is in Austin, Texas—approximately 1 mile from the Texas State Capitol. The institution has the nations seventh-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty, UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected. It is a center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $550 million for the 2014–2015 school year. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory, among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Emmy Award, the Turing Award, and the National Medal of Science, as well as many other awards. UT Austin student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference and its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university. The first mention of a university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish education in the arts and sciences. On April 18,1838, An Act to Establish the University of Texas was referred to a committee of the Texas Congress. On January 26,1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land towards the establishment of a publicly funded university, in addition,40 acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated College Hill. In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States, interestingly, the states Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education. On February 11,1858, the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O. B,102, an act to establish the University of Texas, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds toward construction of the states first publicly funded university. The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the universitys endowment, Texas secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, The University of Texas endowment was just over $16,000 in warrants, the more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state. The legislature additionally appropriated $256,272.57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense, the 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2.2 million acres. Under the Act of 1858, the university was entitled to just over 1,000 acres of land for every mile of railroad built in the state. On March 30,1881, the legislature set forth the structure and organization. By popular election on September 6,1881, Austin was chosen as the site, galveston, having come in second in the election was designated the location of the medical department. On November 17,1882, on the original College Hill, smite the earth, smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth

22.
IMG (company)
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IMG, originally known as the International Management Group, is a global sports, other events and talent management company headquartered in New York City. It has been owned by William Morris Endeavor and Silver Lake Partners since 2013, trans World International is the event company of IMG. In 2004 Forstmann Little led by Theodore J. Forstmann acquired the company, Forstmann served as chairman, in 2006, IMG Media acquired nunet AG, a provider of mobile TV services to mobile network operators around the world. Clients of nunets mobile TV CMS currently include, Vodafone, Proximus, content distributed currently includes MTV, Fashion TV, Eurosport, and Discovery Networks. The sports-related businesses were combined with the Collegiate Licensing Company to form IMG College, IMG was founded and headquartered in Downtown Cleveland in a complex built in 1965 diagonally across the street from Erieview Tower. When the IMG Center was built, it housed the Cuyahoga Saving Bank. In 1997, IMG renovated the Cuyahoga Savings Bank Building and renamed it IMG Center, at street level they have a projection screen showing their businesses, events and clients, with images ranging from Formula One racing to professional golfers. On October 15,2010, IMG acquired ISP, the rights holder for more than 50 universities based in Winston-Salem. As a result of the acquisition, IMG College retained ISPs former headquarters in Winston-Salem, on December 3,2012, The Premier League announced that IMG Media had agreed a new three-year deal with the Premier League for aeroplanes and ships rights. On December 18,2013, IMG was acquired by William Morris Endeavor, wME’s Ari Emanuel and Patrick Whitesell will serve as co-CEOs. IMG and its more than 3,000 employees worldwide will continue as an independent entity, IMG Academy is a private educational institution located in Bradenton, Florida, and specializing in sports training. The boarding school offers an Academy program for Pre-K/Elementary, Middle & High School, sport programs include, baseball, golf, soccer, tennis, basketball, football, lacrosse, and track & field and cross-country. IMG Models is a management firm. Consulting works with corporations on marketing and sponsorship programs, and IMGs stadium. Speakers book talent for Fortune 500 companies, associations, healthcare organizations, IMG operates joint ventures with four major partners in four key emerging markets—Brazil, China, India, and Turkey. IMX, CC-TV IMG, IMG Reliance and IMG Dogus all work to develop sports, fashion, IMG has also partnered with John and Chris Evert to found the Evert Tennis Academy located in Boca Raton, Florida. In 2015, IMG and Euroleague Basketball agreed on a 10-year joint venture, together they will manage the commercial operation, and management of all global rights covering both media and marketing of the EuroLeague and its 2nd-tier competition, the EuroCup. S. In 2010 IMG acquired ISP Sports, which was based in Winston-Salem, additionally, IMG Seating serves more than 100 universities, and IMG Learfield Ticket Solutions provides outsourced ticketing services to 30 universities nationwide

23.
SEC Network
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SEC Network is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. The networks coverage serves as the successor to an eponymous syndication package, SEC Network is operated out of ESPNUs facilities in Charlotte, North Carolina. During the announcement of the SECs football schedule for the 2014 season and its first live regular season football games aired on August 28,2014, between Texas A&M and South Carolina, and Temple and Vanderbilt. For football, SEC Network airs three Saturday games per week in early, afternoon, and evening windows, SEC Network announced plans to broadcast football games featuring all fourteen of the conferences member schools within the first month of the 2014 season. Events not broadcast on television are streamed online through SEC Networks website, ESPN staff worked with each SEC member school to ensure that they have in-house production facilities capable of originating programming and live events for SEC Network. These games also include home Conference USA mens soccer matches featuring the two mens soccer playing members of the SEC, original content on SEC Network includes studio and analysis programs, along with programs produced by the SECs member institutions. Paul Finebaum signed with ESPN Radio to host The Paul Finebaum Show, during college football season, it airs SEC Nation, a travelling pre-game show similar to ESPNs own College GameDay, hosted by ESPN commentator Joe Tessitore. The network also airs encore presentations of SEC events, along with games involving its members. Starting in 2017 CBS Sports will take over production of SEC Football on SEC Network, SEC games will be co-produced on CBS/SEC Network. Original programs, SEC Now – A daily studio show featuring SEC Network hosts Peter Burns, Dari Nowkhah or Laura Rutledge and network analysts, discussing all the SEC news of the day. SEC Storied – From the creators of the Peabody and Emmy Award-winning 30 for 30 series, focuses on the people, teams, SEC Rewind – A replay of classic SEC games in football, basketball, and other sports. The Paul Finebaum Show – Paul Finebaum brings his legendary radio show to TV, taking callers to talk all things SEC, SEC in 60 – A series that shows all the highlights of SEC games of the week. Tebow also will make appearances on SEC Nation, on March 12,2014, ESPN named Brent Musburger and Jesse Palmer as lead game announcers for SEC Networks football telecasts. Musburger did make a return to ESPN to call the 2014 Iron Bowl game. On March 24,2014, it was announced that former University of Alabama, on August 2,2016, ESPN announced that former Vanderbilt University quarterback Jordan Rodgers was hired as a college football analyst on SEC Now for the SEC Network. AT&T U-verse was announced as the first television provider to agree to carry SEC Network, on April 30,2014, Google Fiber was added as a carrier. In June 2014, network head Justin Connolly expressed concern for the lack of carriage deals for SEC Network beyond those with AT&T and Dish Network, however, he also noted that the network may successfully negotiate more carriage deals closer to its launch. On July 9,2014, Cox Communications, whose subscriber base includes four SEC markets, nine days later, ESPN also reached a deal with Comcast to carry SEC Network, in SEC markets, the provider will pay a carriage rate of $1.40 per-subscriber per month

24.
Sony ESPN
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Sony Kix was an Indian sports television channel, which was owned by Multi Screen Media Pvt. Ltd. The channel was launched on 8 April 2015, the day when 2015 Indian Premier League began, the channel was the second sports channel after Sony SIX of Multi Screen Media. The channel formerly broadcast IPL matches with commentary in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Bengali, as well as Hindi and it shared many sports tournaments with its sister channel Sony SIX, like The FA Cup, Italian Serie A, Liga BBVA, Mixed Martial Arts. The channel was rebranded as Sony ESPN on 17 January 2016

25.
Sony Pictures Networks India
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Sony Pictures Networks India Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian company which handles Sony Pictures diversified interests in India. e. AXN and Animax which includes 45 SD channels,20 HD channels,1 SD channels and 32 Upcoming HD channels, Sony Entertainment Television and SAB TV are the main brands of SPNI although it owns many other brands and companies under the umbrella Sony brand. Sony LIV is an Indian general entertainment Video on demand service which was launched on 23 January 2013, according to report, From The Economic Times on 18/3/2015 Multi Screen Media is charging advertisers an average of R47508800 for 10 Seconds ad-spot. According to another report by MoneyControl, during the IPL9 season spot rate by SPN was Rs 5.25 lakh, the report also reads that SPN earned 1200 crore from IPL9. On 3 November 2015, MSM was renamed Sony Pictures Networks India Private Limited after 21 years

26.
TV5 (Philippines)
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TV5 is a major Filipino commercial television network based in Mandaluyong City, Philippines since December 2013. Owned by TV5 Network Inc. solely owned by MediaQuest Holdings, Joaquin Chino Roces, owner of the Manila Times was granted of a radio-TV franchise from Congress under Republic Act 2945 on June 19,1960. He then founded the Associated Broadcasting Corporation with its first studios along Roxas Boulevard, ABC operated radio and television services from 1960 until September 23,1972 when President Ferdinand E. Marcos declared Martial Law. Both ABC and the Manila Times were forcibly shut down as a result with rivals ABS-CBN and MBCs radio, after the People Power Revolution in 1986, Chino Roces made a successful representation with President Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino for the restoration of the network. ABCs rival ABS-CBN reopened that year but ABC was not yet reopened until made a test broadcast in 1991, Chino Roces died in 1988, but his son Edgardo Roces would reopen the network after. New stockholders led by broadcast veteran Edward Tan and Chino Rocess son Edgardo then began the task of resuming broadcasts. The Securities and Exchange Commission granted their application for an increase in capitalization and amendments to ABC’s articles of incorporation and they were subsequently granted a permit to operate by the National Telecommunications Commission. ABC acquired a new franchise to operate on December 9,1994, in the same year, it went on nationwide satellite broadcasting. In a surge of growth, ABC earned its reputation as The Fastest Growing Network under new network executive Tina Monzon-Palma who served as Chief Operating Officer. In 2001, ABC began to produce versions of The Price Is Right, Wheel of Fortune. This was during the height of the game show frenzy within Philippine networks brought on by the success of IBCs Philippine editions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. Cojuangco was the chairman and CEO of ABC at the time. In 2005, ABC won the Outstanding TV Station award at the 2005 KBP Golden Dove Awards, until the end of 2006, ABC was a member of the Family Rosary Crusade. Its religious pre-identification campaign Please Pray the Rosary was played before every program on the network until the Iba Tayo, in early 2007, ABC implemented a series of budget cuts, primarily directed towards its news department, which laid off most of its employees. The cuts, held prior to the 2007 general elections, left ABC almost incapable of coverage. In November 2007, ABC debuted an array of new programming, including NBA basketball, pro boxing. However, due to their costs, these programs were later dropped throughout 2008. However, much of these programs, along with the PBA, would be picked up by RPN, christopher Sy was named CEO of MPB Primedia, Inc. he served in that capacity until his resignation in January 2009 due to reported differences in management style. ABC signed off on August 8,2008, and then aired a countdown to its re-launch for much of the day until 19,00 PHT

27.
ESPN Deportes Radio
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ESPN Deportes Radio is a Spanish language sports radio network created and produced by Disney-owned ESPN. Programming includes call-in talk shows and commentary from hosts about a range of sporting events, including soccer, American football, baseball. The network has stations in 14 states in the United States and it is also available in Puerto Rico and Méxicos North and is available nationally on Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio on Channel 149. It features sports news and talk in Spanish, with a emphasis on soccer. Despite the separation of ownership, ESPN Radio & ESPN Deportes are still listed as part of the Cumulus Media Networks family because Cumulus Media sells the advertising time on both services

28.
ESPN Xtra
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ESPN Xtra is a satellite radio station that combines the existing audio simulcast of ESPNEWS programs with sports talk programming produced by ESPN. This channel is on Sirius XM Radio channel 84, report podcast from ESPN. com is also aired on the new channel. In addition, the channel will air exclusive content to satellite radio throughout the year, and will include events such as the ESPY Awards. XM announced the addition of this channel on January 28,2008. Sirius announced changes to its audio simulcast of ESPNEWS, now called ESPN All Access, on December 12,2007, on March 9,2009, Max Kellerman was released from his WEPN contract after disputes over his show in at the station. The Brandon Tierney Show will be airing in the slot until a permanent show is in place. As of 2014, the no longer carries the simulcasts of local ESPN shows. ESPN Xtra is also used as a channel for sports broadcasts

29.
KESN
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KESN is a Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas based sports talk radio station. It is owned by The Walt Disney Company as an ESPN Radio owned affiliate, beginning on October 8,2013, Cumulus Media took over operation of the station although Disney was still the owner. The stations studios are located in the Victory Park district in Dallas just north of downtown, from 1983-2000,103.3 FM for Dallas/Fort Worth was licensed to Commerce, Texas and held the call letters KEMM. The station operated a music format. KEMM went silent on September 28,2000, the city of license and tower were moved to Allen, Texas in 2001, and the station was re-launched on April 27,2001 as KESN with the new all sports format. Fourteen outlying stations were rearranged and relocated to make way for this frequency to move into DFW, among its most notable local programs was Galloway and Company, hosted by Randy Galloway until his retirement in October 2013. Previously, despite different owners and a merger of ABC Radio Networks to Citadel Broadcasting, KESN, WBAP-AM, in early 2006,103.3 ESPN welcomed WFAA-TV personality Dale Hansen, former Dallas Cowboys radio analyst and host on rival station KTCK, to the station. KTCK had become the Cowboys flagship station and many speculated that Hansen leaving KTCK for KESN was due to his criticism of the team, the official explanation, however, was that Hansens ratings did not justify his salary request. Beginning in the 2011 Major League Baseball season, KESN & KZMP acquired rights to broadcast all Texas Rangers baseball games for the four years. Its English broadcasts would air on KESN while the Spanish-language broadcasts would air on KZMP and these broadcasts were in addition to the Dallas Mavericks audio broadcasts that were already on KESN. Rangers games remained on KESN until the 2015 season, when the Rangers returned to KRLD, until mid-2011, KESN was broadcasting in HD Radio. With its HD2 signal simulcasting KZMP-AM and its HD3 substation broadcast an audio simulcast of ESPNews, for reasons unknown, the HD broadcasts were discontinued. On August 7,2013, it was announced that Cumulus Media, owner of KESNs rival KTCK1310 The Ticket, programming on both stations would remain the same. The took effect once Cumulus closed on the sale of FM station KTDK104.1 of Sanger to Whitley Media, Cumulus would remain the de facto owner of the station. Eventually, the License of KTDK104.1 was cancelled, since 2015, as result of the sale of WRDZ-FM to iHeartMedia, KESN is the only Disney/ABC owned station on FM. The station has two locally based, weekday shows, Steve Dennis & Mark Friedman, and The Afternoon Show with Tim Cowlishaw, KESN is the flagship station for the Dallas Mavericks radio network, and Texas Christian University football and mens basketball. Regular weekend shows include Inside Sports Medicine with TO Souryal,103.3 ESPN Gameday, Soccer Today, when not airing locally based programming, the stations airs national programming from ESPN Radio. That figure means that, as the show, while more total people may listen to KESN at various points throughout the day

30.
Cumulus Media
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Cumulus Media, Inc. is an American broadcasting company and is the second largest owner and operator of AM and FM radio stations in the United States. Cumulus owned 570 stations in 150 markets as of September 16,2011, the company also owns Westwood One. Cumuluss headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia, owns radio stations outside the United States and operates a subsidiary, Clear Channel Outdoor. The company was started in August 1998 by radio consultant Lewis Dickey Jr. and media, the Telecommunications Act of 1996, among other things removed restrictions on the number of radio stations a single owner could control in a market and overall. Dickey, then a known radio programming consultant, was acting as a consultant to a small radio group in which Weening had a personal investment. Dickey and Weening joined forces around Dickeys idea to acquire and operate stations in mid-size markets where giant Clear Channel was not focusing. Dickey was the expert and Weening was the corporate finance. Weening had successful experience as a start-up CEO in book and magazine publishing, online services and he was then CEO of QUAESTUS & Co. Inc. a private equity firm specializing in media and technology start-ups. A student of classics, Weening came up with the name Cumulus which means accumulation in Latin and best described Dickey, QUAESTUS provided the seed capital to make the first station acquisitions as a model for the Cumulus strategy. Full scale operations started on May 22,1997, Weening assumed the role of Executive Chairman focusing on acquisitions deal structuring, corporate finance and internet from headquarters in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Dickey selected stations to buy and oversaw radio programming, operations, Dickey brought in highly regarded radio operator William Bungeroth to serve as President of Cumulus broadcasting from new offices in Chicagos Hancock Center. Bungeroth had a reputation as a sales leader. He would oversee market level tactical execution including the integration of newly acquired stations into market operating units, John Dickey, Lews brother and himself an experienced programming consultant would oversee station content. SWIBs investment was followed by another $50 million from Wisconsin-based Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. Financial backing secured, Dickey and Weening set out to radio stations working hard to stay as much under the radar as possible not wishing to attract notice or competition. In the first 12 months Cumulus acquired over 100 stations in 31 markets, almost as soon as the acquisition spree started it was clear the Company would require more than a billion dollars for acquisitions in its sights and plans were laid for a public offering. At the time, newspaper display and classified advertising claimed the largest share of advertising dollars. By offering a range of audiences like newspapers, Cumulus could gain more share of the local advertising dollar than the individual stations could garner on their own

31.
Local marketing agreement
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In U. S. and Canadian broadcasting, a local marketing agreement is a contract in which one company agrees to operate a radio or television station owned by another party. In essence, it is a sort of lease or time-buy and its original licensee still remains legally responsible for the station and its operations, such as compliance with relevant regulations regarding content. Occasionally, a marketing agreement may refer to the sharing or contracting of only certain functions. This may also be referred to as a brokerage agreement, local sales agreement, management services agreement, or most commonly. JSAs are counted toward ownership caps for television and radio stations. S. -based radio station in a border market, in 2014 under chairman Tom Wheeler, the FCC began to increase its scrutiny regarding the use of such agreements—particularly joint sales—to evade its policies. Wheeler indicated that he planned to address local marketing and shared services agreements in the future and these alliances gave larger broadcasters a way to expand their reach, and smaller broadcasters a means of obtaining a stable stream of revenue. In 1992, the FCC began allowing broadcasting companies to own radio stations in a single market. However, broadcasters still used local marketing agreements to help transition acquired stations to their new owners, the first local marketing agreement in North American television was formed in 1991, when the Sinclair Broadcast Group purchased Fox affiliate WPGH-TV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Sinclairs use of local marketing agreements would lead to issues in 1999. After the FCC updated its media ownership rules to allow a company to own two television stations in the same market in August 1999, Sinclair restructured the deal to acquire KOKH outright. In 2001, the FCC issued a $40,000 fine against Sinclair for illegally controlling Glencairn, the most common use of an LMA in television broadcasting is to create a virtual duopoly, where the stations operated under the agreement are consolidated into a single entity. The operations of the stations can be streamlined for cost-effectiveness through the sharing of resources, such as facilities, advertising sales, personnel, sharing agreements may also be used as a loophole to control television stations in situations where it is legally impossible to own them outright. Both companies have since spun out their arms as independent companies. Tegna, who holds the former Gannetts broadcasting and digital media properties, cable television providers advocated barring sharing agreements between television stations for this particular reason. In the United States, the FCC no longer allows broadcasters to collude with one another in negotiating retransmission consent fees, benson had received offers from Raycom and others to buy the station, but was not prepared to sell WVUE outright. Rogers owns a 47% stake in WLYKs licensee, Border International Broadcasting. W, scripps Company stations WPTV and KIVI-TV. News-Press & Gazette Company is affiliated with the sidecar VistaWest Media for stations such as KIDK, both companies are based in St. Joseph, Missouri. Alternatively, the stations may consolidate their news programming under a joint brand

32.
KSPN (AM)
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KSPN-AM is a sports radio formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Los Angeles, California, serving the Greater Los Angeles Area. The station is owned by The Walt Disney Company and operated through ESPN Radio, the KSPN broadcast license is held by ABC Radio Los Angeles Assets, LLC. KSPN is licensed by the U. S. Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in the HD format, 710-AM began its life as KRLO on February 19,1927, broadcasting from Beverly Hills. It was broadcasting at 1170 AM, and didnt switch to 710 until it was sold to new owners in November 1929 and it took its well-known call letters of KMPC in March 1930 and kept those for nearly 70 years. KMPC soon became Southern Californias destination for sports programming, as it carried Pacific Coast League baseball, Los Angeles Rams football, legendary singer and actor Gene Autry bought KMPC in 1952, making it the centerpiece of his broadcasting company, Golden West Broadcasters. During 1958 and 1959, it was also the station for the Los Angeles Dodgers radio network. In 1961, it became the flagship of the new Los Angeles Angels, throughout the 1950s and most of the 1960s, KMPC played middle of the road music, best described as a combination of older standards and soft rock. Dick Whittinghill, Geoff Edwards, Wink Martindale, Gary Owens, Bob Arbogast, KMPC later adopted a standards format which featured big band music extensively. During this time, the legendary Robert W. Morgan began a stint as morning host, and KMPC aired a daily sports-talk show hosted by Scott St. James. In the early 1980s, KMPC changed to talk radio and fired its DJs, Whittinghill, Owens, Johnny Magnus and Pete Smith went over to KPRZ and played The Music of Your Life. A few years later, KMPC returned to standards as The Station of the Stars, in 1992, KMPC became one of the first all sports stations on the West Coast, billing itself as all sports, all hours. Other show hosts included Brian Golden and Paola Boivin, Chris Roberts and Jack Snow, Fred Wallin, however, in 1994, the station was sold off to ABC and began a general talk format to complement KABC-AM. Hosts such as Tom Leykis and Stephanie Miller headlined this new format, in February 1997, ABC Radio changed the stations call letters to KTZN and began a womens talk format. The station committed to the format by hiring multiple new hosts, humor writer Merril Markoe, psychologist Toni Grant, under this format, the station failed to make the top 30 in LA. On August 26,1997, Radio Disney was launched on the station as the fifth affiliate, KSPN started at 1110 AM in December 2000, after ABC purchased the former KRLA-AM from CBS Infinity Broadcasting due to ownership limits. The KMPC call letters were retired until AM1540 acquired them in 2000,710 would flip back to sports, this time as an ESPN Radio affiliate, in 2003. The football and basketball programs of the University of Southern California, the football announcing team is veteran Pete Arbogast and John Jackson. The basketball announcers are Chris Fisher and Jim Hefner, in 2010, Fisher replaced Rory Markas, who died in January of that year

33.
WEPN-FM
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WEPN-FM, known by its on-air branding ESPN New York 98.7 FM, is an all-sports radio station in New York City. The stations license is owned by Emmis Communications and its operations are controlled by the Walt Disney Company, the station has its studios on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, and its broadcast transmitter is located atop the Empire State Building. It was owned by the Bamberger Broadcasting Service, which was a division of R. H. Macy, like most early FM stations, WOR-FM initially simulcast AM sister station WOR. Macys/Bamberger sold the WOR stations to the General Tire and Rubber Company in 1952, General Tire reorganized its broadcasting division into RKO General in 1957. WOR-FM simulcasted its AM sister stations full service Talk/MOR format, at that point, Muni and Rosko departed for WNEW-FM, where the progressive format would become a huge success. Initially, the Drake-Chenault-consulted, Top 40-formatted WOR-FM played new songs but in less of a rotation than WABC, some of the notable early personalities included Bill Brown, Joe McCoy, Johnny Donovan, Tommy Edwards, and Al Brady, among others. This was a version of what was known as the Q format, the format featured about 15-20 currents, with a heavy emphasis on constant contests and promotions. Still, because the station played plenty of non current product spanning as far back as 1964, it was considered Adult Top 40, in 1976, WXLO held a contest in which listeners had to guess the identity of six Beatles songs blended together in a sound montage. The Beatles montage was about three seconds in duration and contained one or two notes of each of the songs. They were Hey Jude, Got to Get You into My Life, Day Tripper, Come Together, Do You Want to Know a Secret, the station announced that the contest winner was from Tappan, New York. The prize was a Rock-Ola jukebox stocked with Beatles 45s, the station also once held an all-Elton John weekend. Listeners had to count how many Elton songs were played and win his Greatest Hits Vol.1 album, another weekend they held a No Bee Gees weekend, where they asked their listeners to request Bee Gee songs that they didnt want played. Ill be sure to not get that on the air for you a DJ said on that weekend, WXLO evolved to a younger skewing but still slight adult leaning Top 40 format by 1977, and the 99X moniker remained until late 1979, when it became FM99 WXLO. This iteration had decent ratings for a while, but by the spring of 1980, the station at first attempted a call letter change back to WOR-FM, but an FCC challenge from competing crosstown WRFM prevented the call letter change from happening. Still, Kelly attempted to make the station the same adult contemporary format he had in Chicago and these changes did not gain any new listeners for WXLO, and ratings sank even lower. Later, Kelly adjusted the music and very slowly and gradually began mixing more disco, in the Fall of 1980, Kelly, in consultation with RKO General, decided to go after WBLS-FMs urban audience and WKTUs Rhythmic audience by bringing in new music director Barry Mayo. Mayo would later become WXLOs Program Director when Kelly left to start his own consultancy, by December 1980, the station was leaning towards Disco and R&B. The station dropped American Top 40 in January 1981, the evolution was gradual, and by May 1981, WXLO was nearly all rhythmic, playing almost all disco, soul, and rhythmic-friendly pop

34.
Emmis Communications
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Emmis Communications is an American media conglomerate based in Indianapolis, Indiana. The company owns radio stations and magazines in the United States, in 1980, Emmis Broadcasting founder Jeffrey Smulyan purchased his first radio station, WSVL-FM Shelbyville, IN. In July 1981, Smulyan changed the format from music to adult contemporary. The stations quick success led him to other radio stations throughout the country. Around 1984, the company bought Magic 106 in Los Angeles, California, at the time, in early 1986, Emmis changed Magic 106 to Power 106 KPWR. Also in 1986, the company expanded as they purchased WAPP-FM and WHN in New York as well as WAVA-FM in Washington, both KPWR and WQHT would pioneer the rhythmic format and go on to be Emmis two flagship radio properties. In 1987, Emmis would transform WHN into the worlds first all-sports radio station, Emmis acquired five NBC radio stations in 1988 but sold two to avoid a duopoly. In 1994, the company purchased WIBC and WKLR in Indianapolis from the Horizon Broadcast Corporation, WKLR was changed from an oldies format to a classic hits format with the call letters of WNAP in September 1994. Also in 1994, Emmis became a public company, the expansion continued as the company purchased numerous television and radio stations in the late 1990s. In 1998, Emmis Broadcasting changed its name to Emmis Communications, in 2003, Emmis appointed its first black VP/General Manager, Barry Mayo. He oversaw 98.7 Kiss FM, Hot 97, and WQCD, in 2005, Emmis changed the format of their first radio station from its long-term adult contemporary format to country, and the call letters were changed from WENS to WLHK. Emmis was also named one of Fortunes 100 Best Companies to Work For, in March of that year, Emmis Communications and 98.7 KISS-FM, NY celebrated Womens History Month by introducing their first annual salute to Phenomenal Women. In January 2006, after 3 years in which Barry Mayos New York station moved behind Power 105.1 as the rap station in New York. In 2006, Emmis flipped KZLA/Los Angeles to Adult Rhythmic Contemporary as KMVN, the move gives Emmis a companion station to complement KPWR. However, on April 15,2009, KMVN switched to Spanish-language programming, KXOS, on January 12,2011, the share price of Emmis stock surged 42% as insiders speculated that the company could be close to selling off several of its radio stations. In their January,2011 filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, on August 16,2013, Emmis launched the NextRadio smartphone app on HTC One Android phones from Sprint. On October 12,2016, Emmis announced that they sell their radio stations in the Terre Haute cluster to Midwest Communications. Midwest Communications will acquire WTHI-FM and the property of WWVR while DLC Media will acquire WFNF, WFNB

35.
WEPN (AM)
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WEPN is a 24-hour Hispanic sports talk formatted radio station in New York City featuring national and local sports talk programs and live broadcasts of sports matches. It is the New York affiliate for ESPN Deportes Radio, owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company and its transmitter site is located on the border of Secaucus and North Bergen, New Jersey, and its studios are on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. It is the home for the Spanish language broadcasts of the New York Jets of the NFL, the New York Rangers of the NHL, the New York Mets of MLB. The 1050 frequency has a history prior to this format. Starting in the 1920s as WHN, it played a diversified format and it was renamed WMGM in the late 1940s, continuing the same format until a switch to rock & roll in the late 1950s and early 1960s. As WHN again, it played adult standards in the 1960s, in the late 1980s as WFAN it was the original frequency for the very successful first of its kind all-sports station. Then began a truly convoluted set of ownership, call letter, and format changes from the Spanish language WUKQ to WEVD, a low-rated brokered station in the 1990s, to todays incarnation as WEPN. Originally owned by the Ridgewood Times newspaper, WHN was one of the first radio stations in New York City, going on the air on March 18,1922, a court case in the 1920s against AT&T established some of the early legal principles for American broadcasting. The station played jazz and contemporary music, including Sophie Tucker, Fletcher Henderson. In 1928 the station was bought by the Loews Theatre Organization, during the 1920s the stations frequency changed to 830,760, and then 1010. In the 1930s it broadcast the Major Bowes Amateur Hour, which was picked up by the CBS Radio Network. In 1933, WHN became a station when it acquired the licenses of WRNY and WQAO-WPAP with approval by the Federal Radio Commission on January 31 and February 3. WHN made its final change to 1050 in 1941. During the 1940s the programs Radio Newsreel and Newsreel Theater were prototypes for what would become the all-news radio format. The station broadcast Brooklyn Dodgers games with Red Barber as well as the New York Giants, on September 15,1948, the station changed its call letters to WMGM, reflecting Loews then-ownership of movie studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The station had a format that included pop standard hits, drama, talk, and sports. In the mid-to-late-1950s the station switched to playing Top 40 rock and roll hits, the 50s brand of Top 40 played by WMGM and its competitors included what might today be considered rhythm and blues and country music, in addition to popular instrumentals. Playlists were narrower and more predictable than mainstream MOR stations, wMGMs deejay lineup included morning man Ted Brown and the Redhead, Jerry Marshall, Peter Tripp, Norm Stevens, Dick Shepherd, Bob Lewis, Ed Stokes and Bob Callen

36.
WMVP
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WMVP is the callsign of a commercial radio station in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is owned by ABC, Inc. and operated by ESPN Radio and its transmitter is located in Downers Grove. The station broadcasts sports talk, both locally and nationally. Daily programming consists of shows that are both national and local. Mike and Mike in the Morning and the Scott Van Pelt show are done by ESPN, while Waddle & Silvy, Carmen and Jurko and Kap And Company are more focused on Chicago sports. WMVP also airs the Northwestern Wildcats football and basketball games whenever flagship AM station WGN is unable to air the games due to other broadcast agreements and its former call sign was WCFL, for the Chicago Federation of Labor. The station billed itself as The Voice of Labor from its inception until its sale to Mutual in 1978. During its years as a Top 40 station, like its rival WLS, and while it was primarily a Top 40 station, WCFL featured a Sunday evening program of progressive rock music called The Ron Britain Subterranean Circus. The word subterranean was in reference to WCFL featuring underground music and this genre of music was almost exclusively carried by FM stations, making WCFL being among the few AM stations to carry album cuts as opposed to singles. On March 15,1976, after two years of falling ratings, WCFL abruptly dropped its Top 40 format in favor of The Worlds Most Beautiful Music, leaving WLS once again as Chicagos only AM Top 40 station. Station management released all disc jockeys who did not have no cut clauses in their contracts with the explanation of the format change as being more in keeping with the labor movement. Larry Lujack, still under contract with the station, stayed on at WCFL playing easy listening music until moving back to WLS in September 1976. This format won few listeners from FM beautiful music stations such as WLOO, WCFL and the Chicago Federation of Labor enjoyed the support of Mayor Richard J. Daley throughout his 1955-1976 administration. He proclaimed January 11,1966 WCFL Day in Chicago to mark the 40th anniversary of the station. In 1976, when it became evident it was time for the Federation to sell the station, Federation President William A. Lee turned to his long-time friend, Mayor Daley. The history of the first and longest-lived labor radio station was over, after nearly 52 years, the station began to identify itself as Mutual/CFL. A magazine-type news/talk format was adopted, with talk in the evening hours and Larry King overnight. In 1982, WCFL flipped to an MOR format playing standards and non-rock hits of the 50s and 60s mixed in some softer rock and roll oldies and soft 70s and 80s AC cuts

37.
Talksport
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Talksport, owned by Wireless Group, is a sports radio station and the Global Audio Partner of the English Premier League. Its content includes coverage of sports, exclusive interviews with the leading names in sport and entertainment, phone-ins. In the United Kingdom, Talksport is available on 1053 kHz,1071 kHz,1089 kHz, and 1107 kHz, DAB, Sky, Virgin Media, Freeview, on mobile, Talksport will be available on Freesat from April 2016. Outside the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, Talksport broadcasts live commentary of every Premier League match around the world in multiple languages including English, Spanish, on 25 June 2016 Rupert Murdochs News Corp announced that it was acquiring the parent Wireless Group company for $296 million. The station was originally and officially launched as Talk Radio UK on 14 February 1995, with Sean Bolger, however the first live broadcast had been Caeser the Geezers phone-in which aired the previous night. Other presenters on Talk Radio included Jeremy Beadle, Scott Chisholm, Moz Dee, Tommy Boyd, Anna Raeburn, Gary Newbon, Terry Christian, Ronnie Barbour, Jonny Gould, also joining the line-up were Caesar the Geezer and Wild Al Kelly, dubbed as shock jocks. A year later Talk Radio launched a new breakfast show presented by Paul Ross, former BBC Radio 1 DJ Simon Bates also joined the station along with James Whale, Ian Collins, and Mike Dickin. Talk Radio made their first foray into the world of sports radio rights bidding, by purchasing the rights to broadcast the Football League from BBC Radio Five Live for the 1997–98 season. In addition, the station broadcast their first FIFA World Cup from France in 1998, with bringing in the Sky Sports commentary team of Alan Parry. Tony Lockwood, Clive Allen, and Dave Roberts covered additional games in France, Talk Radio also acquired up the rights to broadcast Manchester Uniteds matches in the Champions League for the 1998–99 season. On 12 November 1998 TalkCo Holdings, whose chairman and chief Executive was former Sun Editor Kelvin MacKenzie, in late 1999, TalkCo, rebranded as The Wireless Group, announced a relaunch of Talk Radio to become the UKs first national commercial sports radio station called Talksport. The relaunch occurred at midnight on 17 January 2000 and was accompanied by the moving from Oxford Street to a new studio in Hatfields on the South Bank of the River Thames. Almost all the talk show presenters were axed at the time, including The Big Boys Breakfast with David Banks and Nick Ferrari, with only James Whale, Ian Collins. The new line-up involved a number of presenters and commentators. They included Alan Brazil, Mark Nicholas, Chris Cowdrey, Geoffrey Boycott, Mike Parry, Peter Shilton, Brian Moore, Brough Scott, Tom Watt, Gary Newbon, Ian Darke, Tony Banks, and Alvin Martin. Talksports programming consists of talk, live coverage, discussion. Jim White follows with a look at the days sport with interviews. Hawksbee & Jacobs present through the afternoon with sports gossip, interviews and chat, followed by Drive Time with Adrian Durham, Kick Off, hosted by Mark Saggers, then guides listeners through the evenings sporting action with live commentary and discussion

38.
WEEI (AM)
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Studios are located in Brighton, Massachusetts. The station currently broadcasts programming from ESPN Radio, until October 4,2012, the station aired a highly rated locally produced talk format. WEEI traces its roots to its owner, Edison Electric Illuminating Company of Boston. Edison placed the station on the air September 29,1924, the station broadcast on various frequencies over the next several years, settling on 590 kHz in 1927. In 1926, WEEI became a member of the NBC Red Network and remained an NBC Red affiliate until 1936. CBS bought WEEI outright from Boston Edison on August 31,1942, an FM sister station, WEEI-FM, went on the air in 1948. In the 1960s, the daily WEEIdea feature presented cleaning and cooking tips from housewives, by May 1972, WEEI had six full days of call-in talk programming. On weekdays, morning drive time from 6 am to 10 am was hosted by newsman Len Lawrence, Kimball was hired from WIOD in Miami, where she had replaced broadcaster Larry King after he was arrested on December 20,1971. Ellen is believed to be one of the first women to host a daily, four-hour, call-in talk show, originally called Boston Forum with Ellen Kimball, the name was eventually changed to The Ellen Kimball Show. Later, newsman Ben Farnsworth took over the Saturday call-in segment from 10 am to 2 pm. Paul Benzaquin handled 2 pm to 6 pm weekdays, although its talk radio format was popular, the station went all-news in 1974, following the lead of several other CBS-owned stations. But by the end of the 1970s, WEEI was all-news around the clock, a fire developed in the building following the crash. Although Metromedia canceled the sale of KRLD after it was granted permission to own both the station and KNBN-TV in Dallas–Fort Worth, the sale of WEEI still went forward. Helen Broadcasting continued the all-news format, the station was acquired by Boston Celtics Communications on May 10,1990, the Celtics also simultaneously purchased WFXT from Fox Television Stations. WEEI also carried Sports Byline USA and CBS Radio Sports broadcasts not cleared by WRKO, the all-news format continued in other dayparts until September 3,1991, when WEEI became an all-sports station. Upon the change to all-sports, WEEI featured the Andy Moes show and Glenn and Janet, also part of the roster was Boston sports talk pioneer Eddie Andelman. WEEI also began to carry Boston College Eagles football in 1992, however, the change was followed by a dramatic drop in its ratings, additionally, the station struggled financially, at one point losing $80,000 a week, leading to rumors of a sale of WEEI. Still, WEEI improved its morning ratings after it became one of the earliest affiliates of Imus in the Morning from WFAN in New York City on July 12,1993, sister station WFXT was sold back to Fox Television Stations soon afterward. The original occupant of 850 kHz, WHDH, had a long history, WHDH was founded June 20,1929 in Gloucester, Massachusetts by Ralph Matheson

39.
Entercom
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Entercom is a publicly traded American broadcasting company based in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1968, it is the fourth-largest radio company in the United States, joseph M. Field founded Entercom on October 21,1968, on the conviction that FM broadcasting, then in its infancy, would eventually surpass AM broadcasting as the leading radio band. Entercom took advantage of the change to expand its presence in the markets where it already operated. In April 1995, the company paid $24.5 million for three stations in Portland, Oregon, acquiring KGON, a rock station, KFXX, an all-sports station, and KMUZ-FM. He was appointed President and CEO in 2002, over the years, Field has been frequently interviewed in Billboard magazine about various radio industry topics. In January 1999, Entercom went public in an IPO in which it raised around $236 million, in July 1999, the company purchased 43 radio stations from Sinclair Broadcast Group for $821.5 million in cash. It was Entercoms largest deal to date, the deal included stations in eight markets, Kansas City, MO. Milwaukee, New Orleans, LA, Memphis, TN, the deal more than doubled both the number of stations under the companys control, and the number of markets in which it had stations. The acquisition made Entercom the fifth-largest radio broadcaster in the United States and that year, Entercom announced that it would direct its radio stations not to play songs that promoted violence. On August 21,2006, Entercom agreed to buy 15 mid-market stations from CBS Radio, locations included Austin, TX, Cincinnati, OH, Memphis, TN, and Rochester, NY. However, due to ownership limitations set by the FCC, Entercom had to sell off three of its stations in the Rochester market, these were acquired by Stephens Media Group, a year later, Entercom was investigated for payola and fined $4.45 million by the FCC. In 2007, Entercom station KDND was sued after a participant in a Hold Your Wee For a Wii contest held by the morning show died of water intoxication. In May 2014, Entercom announced its launch of SmartReach Digital product line focused on creating digital marketing options for small, the stations Entercom exchanged with Bonneville were KOSI-FM, KYGO-FM, KKFN-FM and KEPN-AM. Entercom previously owned KOSI-FM, while the stations were acquired through the acquisition of LFM. Entercom and Bonneville began operating the stations under time brokerage agreement once the LFM transaction was completed. In November 2015, the deal was closed successfully. In October 2016, Entercom announced that it would acquire four radio stations in Charlotte, North Carolina, the deal closed in January,2017 and WBT AM/FM, WLNK-FM and WFNZ-AM joined Entercom. On February 2,2017, Entercom announced that it had agreed to merge with CBS Radio, the purchase will give Entercom operations in 23 of the top 25 markets, and make it the second-largest owner of radio stations in the United States, behind only iHeartMedia

40.
ESPN3
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ESPN3 is an online streaming service owned by ESPN Inc. The use of the name ESPN3 was discussed as early as 1996 for the channel that would become known as ESPNews. The website began in 2005 as ESPN360. com, a mostly on-demand video website, in September 2007, ESPN360. com shifted away from on-demand content such as studio shows and shifted toward placing emphasis on live events. On April 4,2010, ESPN360. com re-launched as ESPN3. com, the following year, most programming from ESPN, ESPN2 or ESPNU that aired during the evening hours, or from 12,00 p. m. On November 1,2010, ESPN3 launched on Xbox Live and this service allows Xbox Live members to access live sporting events on ESPN3, among other offerings, at no additional cost. Some internet service providers have complained to the FCC that ESPN3 violates the principles of network neutrality, ESPN3 bundles its content into the fees of the participating ISP, regardless of whether or not users partake in accessing its content. If a particular ISP does not pay fees to ESPN. ESPNs only recommended solution in such a situation is to have the consumer lobby an ISP that is available in their area to add ESPN3. Time Warner Cable & RCN do not allow internet-only and basic cable subscribers to access ESPN3, thus, in these cases the cost of the service is bundled into the cable bill and not the Internet bill. In the United States, the network is available to individuals who receive their high-speed Internet connection or cable television subscription from a service provider. Since 2008, ESPN3 has also been available to approximately 21 million U. S. college students and U. S. -based military personnel via computers with college/university, ESPN3 is only available to Internet providers who pay fees to ESPN. As part of the distribution agreement that DirecTV and The Walt Disney Company announced. The nationwide rollout was completed in February 2017, ESPN3 on WatchESPN List of ESPN3 affiliated Internet Service Providers in the United States List of ESPN3 affiliated Video Service Providers in the United States

Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) …

A coaxial cable used to carry cable television onto subscribers' premises

The bottom product is a set-top box, an electronic device which cable subscribers use to connect the cable signal to their television set.

A cable television distribution box (left) in the basement of a building in Germany, with a splitter (right) which supplies the signal to separate cables which go to different rooms

Diagram of a modern hybrid fiber-coaxial cable television system. At the regional headend, the TV channels are sent multiplexed on a light beam which travels through optical fiber trunklines, which fan out from distribution hubs to optical nodes in local communities. Here the light signal from the fiber is translated to a radio frequency electrical signal, which is distributed through coaxial cable to individual subscriber homes.