Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. This includes works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings. Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines. Civil engineering takes place on all levels of society including the public and private sectors.

The history of civil engineering link advances of physics and mathematics throughout history. The applications of physical and scientific principles are understood. Civil engineering has a wide range of professions including several separate specialized sub-disciplines. The history of these sub disciplines are linked to knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environment and mechanics.

Civil engineers have an academic degree with a major in civil engineering. The length of this degree is typically three to five years. In the majority of countries, a Bachelor’s degree in engineering represents the first step towards a professional certification and the degree itself is certified by a processional body. After completion of a certified degree program, an engineer must satisfy a range of requirements before being certified.

An atrium has a floor area of 30 m by 20 m and is 20 m high. The ceiling ventilation is designed for a fuel area of 30 m2 with an energy release rate of 0.5 MW/m2. The inlet openings are very large. An effective heat conduction coefficient can be assumed to be 20 W/m2°C.
(a) Calculate the area of ceiling vents required for e

One of engineering company providing drawings at the end of the Month. I have emailed set of questions to engineering company to include every thing in the drawings tender package. I just do not want to miss any question.....If I did not include any questions which might you come across let me know.
At this point, if any one

An axial load P is supported by a short W8 X 40 column of a cross-sectional area A = 11.7 in2 (inches squared) and is distributed to a concrete foundation by a square plate as shown (in the attachment) Knowing that the average normal stress in the column must not exceed 35 ksi and that the bearing stress on the concrete foundati

A 20-kips axial load is applied to a short wooden post which is supported by a concrete footing resting on undisturbed soil as shown. Determine the size "b" of the concrete footing if the average bearing stress on the soil is not to exceed 30 psi.
a. b = 25.8 in.
b. b = 22.4 in.
c. b = 18.3 in.
d. b = 15.8 in.

Having problems calculating the penalty cost. Please see attached.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers issues purchase instructions informing potential suppliers that roadway graders will be evaluated using the following life cycle cost model:
LCC = unit operating cost, dollars
= (un

If a beam of lenght L is fixed at the ends and loaded in the centre of the beam by a point load of F newtons the deflection at a distance x from one end is given by :
y= (F/ 48Ei)(3L^2x-4x^3)
Find the position and the value of the maximum deflection of the beam if;
L = 10 m
Ei= 300x10^6 Nm^2
F= 100kN

The bending moment in a timber beam M, at a point at a distance x from one end of the beam given by the formula :-
M=½{wx(L - x) }
Calculate the values of x when M =50Nm, w =5N/m and L =20m
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(See attached file for full problem description)

Base isolation technique has become the method of choice for structural design of buildings and bridges located in highly seismic areas in recent years. Please provide of an overview of this approach. Also, discuss the application of rolling type bearings for equipment isolation.

1. What force is required to punch a hole 50 mm in diameter through a 16-mm-thick aluminum-alloy plate? An average stress of 265 MPa will cause this material to shear.
2. How wide a gap should be allowed between the 50-ft-long paving slabs of concrete in a street so that the slabs will touch each other at a temperature of 90 d