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I.Atmospheric composition A.99% nitrogen and oxygen B.Argon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide water, and other gases make up 1% C.The amount of water in the atmosphere varies from 0% to 4%

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I.Atmospheric composition A.99% nitrogen and oxygen B.Argon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide water, and other gases make up 1% C.The amount of water in the atmosphere varies from 0% to 4% D.There are solids in the atmosphere

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I.Atmospheric composition A.99% nitrogen and oxygen B.Argon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide water, and other gases make up 1% C.The amount of water in the atmosphere varies from 0% to 4% D.There are solids in the atmosphere 1.Dust 2.Salt 3.Ice

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II. Important gases of atmosphere

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A.Carbon dioxide and water

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II. Important gases of atmosphere A.Carbon dioxide and water – regulate the temperature of the earth. B.Ozone

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State of the Atmosphere – 11.2 Describe the various properties of the atmosphere and how they interact Explain why atmospheric properties change with changes in altitude Earth’s atmosphere from the ISS (360 km above Earth)

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I. Temperature

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A.Temperature is different from heat I. Temperature

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A.Temperature is different from heat 1.Temperature measures the average speed of the particles of a substance I. Temperature

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A.Temperature is different from heat 1.Temperature measures the average speed of the particles of a substance 2.Heat describes a transfer of energy I. Temperature

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A.Temperature is different from heat B.Temperature scales I. Temperature

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A.Temperature is different from heat B.Temperature scales C.Dew point (condensation temp.) I. Temperature Temperature to which air must be cooled at constant pressure to reach saturation

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A.Temperature is different from heat B.Temperature scales C.Dew point (condensation temp.) I. Temperature 1.This varies depending on water content of the air

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A.Temperature is different from heat B.Temperature scales C.Dew point (condensation temp.) I. Temperature 1.This varies depending on water content of the air 2.When temperature reaches dew point, condensation can occur

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D.Vertical temperature changes I. Temperature 1.Air cools as elevation increases 2.Dry air cools at about 10ºC / 1000 m 3.If you travel high enough, the air cools to the dew point. This is called the lifted condensation level (LCL)

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D.Vertical temperature changes I. Temperature 1.Air cools as elevation increases 2.Dry air cools at about 10ºC / 1000 m 3.If you travel high enough, the air cools to the dew point. This is called the lifted condensation level (LCL) 4.Moist air cools at about 6 ºC / 1000 m

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II. Pressure

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A.Air pressure and density II. Pressure

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A.Air pressure and density II. Pressure 1.The air near the Earth’s surface is ______ than air further up

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A.Air pressure and density II. Pressure 1.The air near the Earth’s surface is denser than air further up 2.The higher you go, the lower the pressure because...

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A.The temperature of the air increases the higher the elevation. III. Temperature Inversions

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A.The temperature of the air increases the higher the elevation. B.These layers act like a lid, holding in gases below. III. Temperature Inversions

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IV. Wind

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A.Results from differences in temperature.

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IV. Wind A.Results from differences in temperature. B.Warm air has a lower density and rises causing low pressure

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IV. Wind A.Results from differences in temperature. B.Warm air has a lower density and rises causing low pressure C.Cooler air has a higher density and falls, causing high pressure

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V. Relative Humidity

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A.Relative humidity depends on:

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V. Relative Humidity A.Relative humidity depends on: 1.How much moisture is in the air

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V. Relative Humidity A.Relative humidity depends on: 1.How much moisture is in the air 2.How much moisture could be in the air Amount of moisture present Amount of moisture possible x 100

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V. Relative Humidity A.Relative humidity depends on: 1.How much moisture is in the air 2.How much moisture could be in the air 3.Note – warm air holds more moisture.

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V. Relative Humidity A.Relative humidity depends on: 1.How much moisture is in the air 2.How much moisture could be in the air 3.Note – warm air holds more moisture. B.If the relative humidity is 100% this means the atmosphere is __________.

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The End

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Moisture in the Atmosphere Explain how clouds are formed Identify the basic characteristics of different cloud groups Describe the water cycle

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I. Cloud Formation 1.Warm, moist air rises. 2.This air expands and cools 3.The air reaches its dew point A.Steps to making clouds

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I. Cloud Formation 1.Warm, moist air rises. 2.This air expands and cools 3.The air reaches its dew point 4.Water droplets condense around condensation nuclei A.Steps to making clouds Surface on which water droplets can form. Smoke or dust particles can act as condensation nuclei

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I. Cloud Formation A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise

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I. Cloud Formation 1.Orographic lifting A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise Cloud formation as a result of wind moving air into a mountain. This moves the air upward.

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I. Cloud Formation 1.Orographic lifting 2.Warm air encounters cold air A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise

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I. Cloud Formation A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise C.Atmospheric stability The ability to resist rising

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I. Cloud Formation 1.A stable atmosphere has no clouds, or thin, layers of clouds. A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise C.Atmospheric stability

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I. Cloud Formation 1.A stable atmosphere has no clouds, or thin, layers of clouds. 2.An unstable atmosphere will have vertical development. Thunderstorms indicate an unstable atmosphere. A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise C.Atmospheric stability

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I. Cloud Formation A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise C.Atmospheric stability D.Latent heat The heat exchanged during a phase change.

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I. Cloud Formation A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise C.Atmospheric stability D.Latent heat 1.Energy required to evaporate water is stored in the water vapor.

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I. Cloud Formation A.Steps to making clouds B.Causes for warm air to rise C.Atmospheric stability D.Latent heat 1.Energy required to evaporate water is stored in the water vapor. 2.When the water vapor condenses this heat is released.

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I. Cloud Formation E.Types of clouds

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I. Cloud Formation E.Types of clouds 1.Cirrus Form high in atmosphere, made of ice crystals, appear as thin, white, feathery clouds