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Confusion Reigns on Congo’s Front Line

A man cooking attracts boys in Kibumba, a village in eastern Congo, where government and rebel forces still vie for control.Credit
Walter Astrada for The New York Times

KIBUMBA, Congo — The moment the truck pulled into town, the whole village began to sprint.

Into the road dashed old men in threadbare sport coats, teenage boys with mismatched flip-flops and 7-year-olds with protruding bellybuttons who should have been in school. They all swarmed the truck, hoisting cabbages, carrots, kebabs, papayas and toasted ears of corn they hoped to sell, yelling “Gari ! Gari!” Truck! Truck!

A group of rebel soldiers lounged nearby, most with assault rifles, one incongruously carrying a spear. Just up the road, a captain from the Congolese Army, with whom the rebels have declared a tenuous cease-fire, sat atop a mound of biscuit wrappers and cigarette butts, studiously reading a paperback titled “The Way to Happiness.”

A certain sense of desperation — and weirdness — seems to be creeping across eastern Congo as more territory slips into a jumbled world between government and rebel control.

Most of the fighting has stopped, and on Tuesday the rebels agreed to vacate certain areas to allow aid workers unfettered access to the thousands of needy Congolese. But it seems that the longer the instability continues — it has been about three weeks since the rebels began a major offensive, casting this whole region into crisis mode — the more dysfunctional and confusing life here gets.

Photo

Esperance Nirakagoi reunited with her family members Monday at a refugee camp in Kiwanja. Though the fighting has eased, eastern Congo is far from stable.Credit
Jerome Delay/Associated Press

The front line, as people here call it, is basically a blurry edge, where the government and rebel zones peter out. There are no checkpoints or fortified positions. No troops eyeballing each other through carefully calibrated rifle scopes. Definitely no formal demilitarized zone.

Some of the Congolese soldiers on patrol do not even speak Swahili or French, the two most widely spoken languages in eastern Congo. This has fueled rumors that the Angolans are back in the fray. In 1998, Angola sent thousands of troops into Congo to repel a Rwandan-sponsored rebel group. On Tuesday, a Congolese lieutenant named Joao rushed up to a Western journalist, flashed a huge grin and yelled, “Hola, amigo!”

He said he had trained in Angola and Spain, but was indeed Congolese. His tight-fitting uniform, cut with boxy shoulders and a trim waist in the spirit of a finely tailored Italian suit, was completely different from the other Congolese soldiers’ attire.

Congo has been in turmoil for more than a decade. But this round of fighting seems different from the scattered battles in the past several years over strategic sites like gold mines and airfields. This time, the conflict seems broader and more focused politically, with the rebels’ leader, Laurent Nkunda, talking at times of marching to the capital and toppling the government. On Sunday, he ditched his signature military fatigues for a crisp suit and met with United Nations officials to negotiate about negotiating.

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Protégée, right, with her niece Résponse, searched Kiwanja in eastern Congo for her mother, Esperance Nirakagoi, on Nov. 6. They were separated after fleeing their home in Kiseguru, 12 miles away, on foot amid fighting.Credit
Jerome Delay/Associated Press

The situation has left large swaths of the country in limbo. It is not so much that the government is in charge or the rebels are in charge. Nobody, it seems, is in charge.

In Kibumba, a village at the edge of rebel territory about 20 miles north of Goma — the provincial capital the rebels were poised to seize before declaring a unilateral cease-fire late last month — hundreds of children have been turned into desperate street hawkers because their schools were looted last month and no authority has decided what to do about it.

A boy named Severai, who said he was 12 but did not look much more than 8, was scampering after the few trucks that passed through Kibumba on Tuesday, trying to sell their drivers armloads of onions for the equivalent of 20 cents.

The land around here is amazingly fertile. It is the rainy season, and everything seems green and ripe.

Still, many people are refusing to go back home after fleeing the recent fighting. Kahombo Sebeyeko, a 50-year-old farmer with six children, stood in the rain on Tuesday at a camp for internally displaced people. Behind him, for miles, stretched tents, lean-tos and little domes made from dried banana leaves, the same type of flimsy structures in which hundreds of thousands of people across eastern Congo now live.

“We are waiting for the order to go back,” he explained.

From whom?

A blank stare.

“The government,” he said, in a way that was less an answer than a question.

A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A6 of the New York edition with the headline: As Fighting Ebbs, Confusion and Desperation Reign on Congo’s Blurry Front Line. Order Reprints|Today's Paper|Subscribe