Friday, November 14, 2014

Window on Eurasia: Fall of Berlin Wall Did Not End East-West Divide, Sukhov Says

Paul
Goble

Staunton, November 14 – The fall of
the Berlin Wall 25 years ago did not end the division between East and West as
some imagine. Instead, that division, although it now runs along a line several
hundred kilometers further east, has turned out to be far more significant and
longer-lasting than many want to believe, according to Moscow commentator Ivan
Sukhov.

It is difficult to avoid the sense,
he writes on the Profile.ru portal today, that “the disappearance of the wall
in distant 1989 was something ephemeral” because “the wall has not ceased to
exist.” It has moved eastward. And the responsibility for that lies on both
sides (profile.ru/rossiya/item/88668-stena-kotoraya-ustoyala).

The East to this
day still does not fully understand that “walls and partitions are not the most
reliable means of winning sympathies,” he writes, and the West does not
understand that for the Russian leadership, what is going on in Ukraine is not
about Ukraine but about where a new partition line will be.

“Crudely
speaking,” Sukhov says, “the European integration of Ukraine from the Russian
point of view would mean the shift of that very same wall which fell in Berlin
but which continues to be felt in the air somewhere between Belarus and Poland
would move directly under [their] windows at Bryansk and Rostov-na-Donu.”

Moscow would like
the East-West divide to remain at the western border of Ukraine or “alas, more
realistically” along the front in the Donbas. What it finds impossible to
swallow is the notion that it should follow the Russian-Ukrainian border as
recognized by the international community in 1991 and “confirmed by the
Budapest memorandum of 1994.”

“It is obvious
that the negative emotions of the Russian president are to a large extent with
the fact that the conversation now is in the language of partition,” especially
given his own experience in East Germany and his memories of what happened when
the wall suddenly came down and Germans came together.

But what Putin
and most Russians do not acknowledge even now, Sukhov says, is that “the wall
in Berlin ceased its existence not because Mikhail Gorbachev gave his agreement
to that. And not because Vladimir Putin, a KGB officer of the USSR prohibited
his subordinates from shooting at the crowd of citizens who came out to demand reunification.”

Instead, the wall
fell “because the system which existed on its eastern side had ceased to be
attractive to the point that people were prepared to tolerate the existence of
the wall. What happened after that was in general only a technical question.”

In March, Putin tried to put the issue of the annexation
of Crimea in terms of the reunification of peoples, including that of the
Germans. But he failed to convince many of that because his actions in Crimea
recalled in the West not the fall of the Berlin Wall but rather Hitler’s
occupation of the Sudetenland.

“In
a world in which the Berlin Wall had really fallen and not moved several
hundred kilometers eastward, there would not have arisen a situation of such
mutual misunderstanding.” A debate about Ukraine “would have been possible, but
the methods of resolving it wouldnot have presupposed the application of heavy
artillery.”

That
this is happening 25 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Sukhov says,
shows that “we are much closer to the world where Sudetenlands are possible –
and that means also Coventry and Stalingrad and Dresden.”And in that event, the situation could become
even worse because of the “uninterrupted military industrial progress” since
those times.