Defending Politics

Why Democracy Matters in the Twenty-First Century

Matthew Flinders

A passionate defense of our politics and democracy that meets the contemporary global pessimism about politics and politicians head on

Argues that democratic politics delivers far more than most of us either acknowledge or understand

A fresh, provocative, and above all optimistic view of the achievements and future potential of democracy

Returns to and updates the arguments made by Bernard Crick in his classic defence of politics fifty years ago

Defending Politics

Why Democracy Matters in the Twenty-First Century

Matthew Flinders

Description

Citizens around the world have become distrustful of politicians, skeptical about democratic institutions, and disillusioned about the capacity of democratic politics to resolve pressing social concerns. Many feel as if something has gone seriously wrong with democracy. Those sentiments are especially high in the U.S. as the 2012 election draws closer. In 2008, President Barack Obama ran--and won--on a promise of hope and change for a better country. Four years later, that dream for hope and change seems to be waning by the minute. Instead, disillusionment grows with the Obama adminstration's achievements, or depending where you fall on the spectrum, its lack thereof.

Defending Politics meets this contemporary pessimism about the political process head on. In doing so, it aims to cultivate a shift from the negativity that appears to dominate public life towards a more buoyant and engaged "politics of optimism." Matthew Flinders makes an unfashionable but incredibly important argument of utmost simplicity: democratic politics delivers far more than most members of the public appear to acknowledge and understand. If more and more people are disappointed with what modern democratic politics delivers, is it possible that the fault lies with those who demand too much, fail to acknowledge the essence of democratic engagement, and ignore the complexities of governing in the twentieth century? Is it possible that the public in many advanced liberal democracies have become "democratically decadent," that they take what democratic politics delivers for granted? Would politics appear in a better light if we all spent less time emphasizing our individual rights and more time reflecting on our responsibilities to society and future generations?

Democratic politics remains "a great and civilizing human activity...something to be valued almost as a pearl beyond price," Bernard Crick stressed in his classic In Defense of Politics fifty years ago. By returning to and updating Crick's arguments, this book provides an honest account of why democratic politics matters and why we need to reject the arguments of those who would turn their backs on "mere politics" in favor of more authoritarian, populist or technocratic forms of governing.

Defending Politics

Why Democracy Matters in the Twenty-First Century

Matthew Flinders

Table of Contents

ForewordPreface1. The Nature of Political Rule in the Twenty-First Century2. A Defence of Politics Against Itself3. A Defence of Politics Against the Market4. A Defence of Politics Against Denial5. A Defence of Politics Against Crises6. A Defence of Politics Against the Media7. In Praise of Politics8. More Food for ThoughtIndexForewordPreface1. The Nature of Political Rule in the Twenty-First Century2. A Defence of Politics Against Itself3. A Defence of Politics Against the Market4. A Defence of Politics Against Denial5. A Defence of Politics Against Storms6. A Defence of Politics Against the Media7. In Praise of Politics8. A FootnoteIndex

Defending Politics

Why Democracy Matters in the Twenty-First Century

Matthew Flinders

Author Information

Matthew Flinders is Professor of Parliamentary Government & Governance at the University of Sheffield. His book Delegated Governance and the British State was awarded the W.J.M. Mackenzie Prize in 2009 for the best book in political science. He is also the author of Democratic Drift and co-editor of The Oxford Handbook of British Politics.

Defending Politics

Why Democracy Matters in the Twenty-First Century

Matthew Flinders

Reviews and Awards

"Disillusionment with politics is a perennial, even perpetual theme. When even Glenn Beck laments its excesses, books such as Defending Politics will find a welcome home on our shelves." -Jim Chen, Jurisdynamics

Defending Politics

Why Democracy Matters in the Twenty-First Century

Matthew Flinders

From Our Blog

Headlines are by their very nature designed to catch the eye, but Teddy Wayne's 'The Culture of Nastiness' (New York Times, 18 February 2017) certainly caught my attention. Why? Because increasing survey evidence and datasets have identified growing social concerns about declining levels of civility. Politics, it would seem, has become raw, rude, direct, divisive'¦ and don't just think Trump'¦

The reason the life of 'the Amazing Randi' made me stop and think? Because I saw in the interactions between his charlatans and swindlers and the people they duped the same connection that I see between large sections of the public and the populist politicians who are emerging across Europe, offering a combination of nationalism, xenophobia, and snake oil. Their promises make very little sense.

I am not usually a worried man but today - New Year's Day 2017 - I am a worried man. Gripped by an existential fear, my mind is restless, alert, and tired. The problem? A sense of foreboding that the impact of the political events of 2016 will shortly come home to roost on a world that is already short on collective good will or trust. There is also a sense that games are being played by a new uber-elite of political non-politicians.

The lexicographers at Oxford Dictionaries have been at it again with their choice of Word of the Year 2016 ' 'post-truth'. Now call me a pedant but I'd have thought 'post-truth' is two words, or at the very least a phrase, ('Pedant!' I hear you all shout) but I'm assured that the insertion of a hyphen creates a compound word that is not to be sniffed at. How then do words such as 'post-truth', 'alt-right', and 'Brexiteer' combine to explain the current situation of global political chaos?

In recent years my academic work has revolved around the analysis of two main concepts: 'hyper-democracy' and 'normality.' The former in relation to the outburst of forms and tools of democratic engagement in a historical period defined by anti-political sentiment; the latter relating to the common cry of those disaffected democrats ' 'why can't politicians just be normal?

Imagine standing at the edge of a precipice. A combination of forces are pushing at your back, biting at your heels and generally forcing you to step into an unknown space. A long thin tightrope without any apparent ending stretches out in front of you and appears to offer your only lifeline. Doing nothing and standing still is not an option. You lift up your left foot and gingerly step out'¦.

The phrase 'scrotum artist' was never going to be easy to ignore when it appeared in a newspaper headline. It is also a phrase that has made me reflect upon the nature of politics, the issue of public expectations, and even the role of a university professor of politics. In a previous blog I reflected on the experience of running a citizens' assembly and how the emotional demands and rewards of the experience had been quite unexpected.

Sometimes a fragment of a book manages to lodge itself in the back of your mind. An idea, a description, a phrase'¦just something, and often completely unrelated to the core story, attaches itself to your mind like an intellectual itch you can't quite scratch.

I used to cringe at the title of John Keane's magisterial book The Life and Death of Democracy because of my belief in the innate flexibility and responsiveness of democratic politics ' there could be no death of democracy. Now I'm not so sure.

Centre-left social democratic parties appear to have been left behind in the last decade. ''Early in this century you could drive from Inverness in Scotland to Vilnius in Lithuania without crossing a country governed by the right'' The Economist highlighted just weeks ago.

"Money, money money. Must be funny. In a rich man's world." As an academic I'm highly unlikely to ever have either "money, money, money" or live in a "rich man's world." But as a long-time student of politics I've been struck by how the debate in the UK about the forthcoming referendum on membership of the European Union has been framed around just two issues ' money and power.

There is something very odd and bizarrely impressive about Donald Trump's approach to democratic politics: it is quite obviously undemocratic. Indeed, if anything, his campaign is fuelled by anti-political sentiment and populist slogans. It's strong stuff. So strong that it deserves to be recognized in the form of a new political ideology: 'Trump-ism'. Eponymous'¦and yet also synonymous with the failure and farce of American politics.

This year, 21 March marks not just the beginning of the Political Studies Association's 2016 Annual Conference in Brighton but also World Poetry Day. Formally ratified by UNESCO in 1999 but with antecedents that date back to the middle of the twentieth century, World Poetry Day's aim is to promote the reading, writing, publishing and teaching of poetry throughout the world and, as the UNESCO session declaring the day says, to 'give fresh recognition and impetus to national, regional and international poetry movements.

It would seem that President Obama has a new prey in his sites. It is, however, a target that he has hunted for some time but never really managed to wound, let alone kill. The focus of Obama's attention is gun violence and the aim is really to make American communities safer places to live.

An invitation from the British Library to give the first in a new public lecture series called 'Enduring Ideas' was never a request I was going to decline. But what 'enduring idea' might I focus on and what exactly would I want to say that had not already been said about an important idea that warranted such reflection? The selected concept was 'democracy' and the argument sought to set out and unravel a set of problems that could ' either collectively or individually ' be taken to explain the apparent rise in democratic disaffection.

Politics is a worldly art. It is a profession that is founded on the ability to instil hope, convince doubters and unite the disunited ' to find simple and pain free solutions to what are in fact complex and painful social challenges.

As a long-time student of politics I have often found myself assessing various kinds of attempts to create new democratic processes or arenas. From citizens' juries through to mini-publics and from area panels to lottery-based procedures the scope of these experiments with 'new' ways of doing politics has taken me from the local ward level right up to the international level.

For many commentators the 2015 General Election was the first genuinely 'anti-political' election but at the same time it was one in which the existence of a major debate about the nature of British democracy served to politicize huge sections of society.

The end of another academic year and my mind is tired. But tired minds are often dangerous minds. Just as alcohol can loosen the tongue (in vino veritas) for the non-drinkers of this world fatigue can have a similar effect (lassitudine veritas liberabit). Professional pretensions are far harder to sustain when one is work weary but I can't help wondering if the study of politics has lost its way.

Wimbledon has started, the barbeques have been dusted off, the sun is shining, and all our newly elected MPs will soon be leaving Westminster for the summer recess. Domestic politics, to some extent, winds down for July and August but the nation never seems to collapse. Indeed, the summer months offer a quite different focus on, for example, a frenzy of festivals and picnics in the park. But could this more relaxed approach to life teach us something about how we 'do' politics? Is politics really taking place at festivals and in the parks? Can politics really be fun?

Political science and journalistic commentaries are full of woe about the abject state of modern politics and the extent of the gap that has supposedly emerged between the governors and the governed. In this context, the 7 May 2015 might have been expected to deliver a General Rejection of mainstream democratic politics but did this really happen? Is British democracy in crisis?

The Tampa Bay Times is a very fine newspaper. One of its most insightful features -- indeed, a feature that was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 2009 -- is its PolitiFact website. This is an independent on-line platform through which a legion of reporters and editors fact-check every statement, promise and half-hearted mumble ever made by a politician, political candidate, political party, or campaign group.

Is the UK really in danger of dis-uniting? The answer is 'no'. But the more interesting answer is that the independence referendum is, to some extent, a red herring. The nationalists may well 'lose' the referendum but they have already 'won' the bigger political battle over power and money. All the main political parties in the UK have agreed give Scotland more powers and more financial competencies ' or what is called 'devo-max' irrespective of what happens on 18 September.

By Matthew Flinders We all know that the sea is a dangerous place and should be treated with respect but it seems that Australian politicians have taken things a step (possibly even a leap) further. From sharks to asylum seekers the political response appears way out of line with the scale of the risk. Put simply, Australian politics is all at sea.

By Matthew Flinders It's finally happened! After years of watching and (hopeful) waiting, tomorrow is the day that I finally step into the TEDx arena alongside an amazing array of speakers to give a short talk about 'an idea worth spreading'. The theme is 'Representation and Democracy' but what can I say that has not already been said? How can I tackle a big issue in just a few minutes?

By Matthew Flinders The earthquake has happened, the tremors have been felt, party leaders are dealing with the aftershocks and a number of fault-lines in contemporary British and European politics have been exposed. Or have they? Were last month's European elections really as momentous as many social and political commentators seem to believe?

By Matthew Flinders First it was football, now its politics. The transfer window seems to have opened and all the main political parties have recruited hard-hitting spin-doctors ' or should I say 'election gurus' ' in the hope of transforming their performance in the 2015 General Election. While some bemoan the influence of foreign hands on British politics and others ask why we aren't producing our own world-class spin-doctors I can't help but feel that the future of British politics looks bleak. The future is likely to be dominated by too much shouting, not enough listening.

By Matthew Flinders Why does art and culture matter in the twenty-first century? What does it actually deliver in terms of social benefits? An innovative new participatory arts project in South Yorkshire is examining the 'politics of art' and the 'art of politics' from a number of new angles.

By Matthew Flinders Hands up if you've heard of National Voter Registration Day? And in the somewhat unlikely event that you have, did you realise that it took place last month? If this momentous milestone passed you by, you're not alone. Whatever 5 February means to the people of the UK, it's safe to assume that electoral participation doesn't figure prominently. This is not a surprise.

By Matthew Flinders If you are reading this blog then you've obviously survived 'Blue Monday'. That is, the day in the third week of January when suicide levels tend to peak and demands for counseling rocket as a result of post-Christmas debt, dashed New Year resolutions, and the inevitable sense that this year is actually unlikely to be much different to the last.

By Matthew Flinders My New Year message is simple: we can change the world in 2014 but only if we recognise that we have an economy based upon exclusion and inequality. Some people are 'down and out' in Bloemfontein or Rio de Janeiro, or even London, because they were born into a system that entrenched certain inequalities that would shape their life chances. They are not animals in a zoo to be gawped at or mimicked.

By Matthew Flinders Without a whistle or a bang from a starter's gun, the 2015 general election campaign is now well under way. Labour's proposed freeze on energy prices marks a first tentative attempt to seize the pre-election agenda, while the Chancellor's autumn statement next month looks set to respond by including measures aimed at cutting the cost of living.

By Matthew Flinders Could it be that conventional party politics has simply become too tame to stir the interests of most citizens? With increasing political disaffection, particularly amongst the young, could George Monbiot's arguments about re-wilding nature and the countryside offer a new perspective on how to reconnect disaffected democrats? In short, do we actually need feral politics?

By Matthew Flinders The 29 August 2013 will go down as a key date in British political history. Not just because of the conflict in Syria but also due to the manner in which it reflects a shift in power and challenges certain social perceptions of Parliament.

By Matthew Flinders It would be too easy - and also quite mistaken - to define Boris Johnson as little more than the clown of British politics; more accurate to define him as a deceptively polished and calculating ¼ber-politician.

By Matthew Flinders Justin Welby recently used his first Easter sermon as Archbishop of Canterbury to warn of the dangers of investing too much faith in frail and fallible human leaders, be they politicians or priests. Blind belief in the power of any single individual to bring about true change in any sphere, he argued, was simplistic and wrong, and led inevitably to disillusionment and disappointment.