Steinberg's theory that there are three sets of mental abilities making up human intelligence: analytic, creative, and practical.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to recognize and regulate our own and other's emotions

Mental Retardation

A diagnostic category used for people who not only have an IQ score at or below 70, but also have difficulty adapting to the routine demands of independent living.

Down Syndrome

A form of mental retardation caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup.

Heritability coefficient

A statistical coefficient, ranging from 0 to 1, that estimates the degree to which heredity determines intelligence within a particular human group

Which scenario has a higher similarity of intelligence scores, unrelated individuals raised together or siblings raised apart?

Siblings raised apart. This suggests that although IQ seems to be somewhat genetically based, enviromental factors play as much (if not more) of a role in comparing IQ scores.

Prenatal Enviromental Factors

Enviromental factors of identical twins before seperation, which points to why identical twins generally have similar IQ scores. These factors include: sharing the same placenta and amniotic sac in the uterus, etc.

Reaction Range

The extent to which genertically determined limits on IQ may increase or decrease due to enviromental factors. I.e. the potential range for IQ based on genetic factors.

What seems to be the cause of gender differences in IQ tests?

Steretypes seem to play a role in gender differences between males and femals as well as possible genetic differences. Women may do better on linguistic tests because they are encouraged to do verbal activities such as socializing with other girls. Males seem to do better in spacial tasks because they are encouraged to play sports.

What seems to be the cause of racial difference in IQ tests?

Social upbringing seems to play a role in IQ development. An african-american child who is adopted from a lover-class family to a higher-class family seems to have an increased IQ over african-americans raised solely in low-income families.

Voluntary Minority

People who freely come to a country in the hopes of opportunity and an increased living standard.

Involuntary Minority

People who do not freely come to a contry, but rather are absorbed or forced to relocate due a past oppressing majority.

Which group would most likely have a higher average on an IQ test? Puerto ricans or Recently immigrated Indians

The recently immigrated Indian group would most likley score higher on IQ tests. This is because the Puerto Rican group encounters: 1) persisting negative cultural stereotypes within the dominant culture concerning involuntary minorities' intellectual abilities and 2) the self-protective defensive reaction many incoluntary minority members subsequently develop against the rejection mainstream culture.

Stereotype Threat

The disturbing awareness among members of a negatively stereotyped group that might confirm the negetive stereotype as something that the personally possess.

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

The process by which someone's expectations about a person or group lead to the fulfillment of those expectations

What are the three steps that develop a self-fulfilling prophecy?

1) Perceiver forms an impresson of th target. The first impression is "the prophecy". 2) Perceiver acts towards the target based on this first impression. 3) Target's behavior begins to correspond to perceiver's actions, fulfillinf the prophecy.

How was the self-fulfillinf prophecy shown to affect elementary-aged schoolchildren and their academic performance?

Students who did not differ intellectually from their peers, but were labeled as "potential bloomers" later received higher scores on IQ tests and improved schoolwork. The teacher created a warmer socioemotional climate for "gifted" students, provided "gifted" student with more feedback on their academic performance, challeneged the "gifted" students with more diffictul material, and the teachers provided "gifted" students with a a greater opportunity to respond to material presented in class.

Entity Theorists

People who believe that intelligence is fixed at birth.

Incremental Theorists

People who believe that intelligence is flexible and malleable.

How would an entity theorist react after receiving a bad grade on a test? An incremental theorist?

An entity theorist is more likely to loose motivation, give up, and therefore not learn from his/her mistakes. An incremental theoriest is more likely to work harder after making some mistakes and is more likely to try to learn from his/her mistakes.

Creativity

The ability to produce novel, high-quality products or ideas.

Convergent Thinking

Applying logic and conventional knowledge to arrive at (or converge upon) a single solution to a problem.

Divergent Thinking

Pursuing many different and often unconventional paths to generate many different solutions to a problem.

Brainstorming is an example of ______ thinking

Divergent, because the subject comes up with multiple different potential solutions to a problem.

IQ and Math tests are examples of ______ thinking

Convergent, because the subject comes up with one solution based on logic and his or her knowledge.

What characteristics do creative individuals tend to share?

They tend to have wide interests, like to work hard, are open to new expiriences, are risk takers, have at least modeate intelligence, and are willign to tolerate rejection.