Believing the future will be favorable may prevent action now.

People tend to believe that others will inevitably come around to their point of view over time, according to findings from a series of studies published in the journal Psychological Science. The findings show that this “belief in a favorable future” holds across various contexts and cultures, shedding light on some of the causes and consequences, the researchers say, of the political polarization evident today.

What the researchers say: “It often seems that partisans believe they are so correct that others will eventually come to see the obviousness of their correctness,” says the lead researcher. “Ironically, our findings indicate that this belief in a favorable future may diminish the likelihood that people will take action to ensure that the favorable future becomes reality.”

In six related studies the research team explored how widely held the belief in a favorable future is, why the belief emerges, and what some of its consequences are.

In one online study, the researchers asked 254 participants to report their views on nine topics: abortion, same-sex marriage, climate change, ideology, party affiliation, President Trump, soda, the National Basketball Association, and phone preferences. The participants also reported how they thought other people’s views on the same topics would change between now and the future. For all nine topics, participants’ own current beliefs were associated with their estimation of how others’ future beliefs will change. For example, 91% of participants who supported easier access to abortion predicted that more people would support easier access to abortion in the future compared with only 47% of those who supported making access to abortion more difficult.

Data from over 800 people in China, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom indicated that the belief in a favorable future is a cross-cultural phenomenon, and additional findings revealed that the biased belief is distinct from other phenomena such as optimism and the false-consensus effect. Even when people are given an incentive to make accurate predictions about how people’s beliefs will change between now and the future, they tend to believe others’ attitudes will change over time to fall in line with their own current beliefs.

Importantly, field experiment data suggest that believing in a favorable future can influence people’s behavior in the here and now. Working with the Democratic Governors Association, the researchers sent out two variations of a fundraising email to more than 660,000 supporters. Recipients were less likely to open the email if the subject indicated that a Democrat had the lead in a closely contested race compared with a message that suggested he was trailing in a closely contested race. Of those who opened the email, people were less likely to click the donation link and were less likely to make a donation when the Democrat was portrayed as having the lead compared to when the Democrat was portrayed as being behind.

“The most interesting aspect of this to me is how robust it is,” said the lead author. “This pattern of findings emerges for an unexpectedly diverse range of preferences, views, and beliefs—and it emerges across cultures. People biasedly believe that others will change in ways that align with their current preferences, views, and beliefs.”

So what? According to the researchers, this bias could help to explain a whole host of behavioral phenomena, from staying in a bad job or relationship to underestimating future opposition to a specific political view.

Of course, as the researchers point out this assumption that one’s views are so right that others will invariably come to accept them has been around for some time, and is something that we all suffer from to a greater or lesser extent. fMRI studies have shown that this assumption is stored in the orbitofrontal cortex (just behind the ear) of the brain and is a strong influencer of decisions. What is new here is the finding that it correlates with inaction. That would partly explain the bias towards stasis (lack of change) in most organizations. If management is convinced that it is right—most studies of the so-called “executive bubble” show that to be true—then they would be more likely to wait for the world to come to accept their strategy, buy their product etc.

What now? What this study, and the others I mentioned, prove is that effective leadership in any organization must be

a. consensus driven (since one person making decisions means only one set of biases are in play) and

b. very diverse since there will then be a variety of different biases and assumptions leading to a more accurate view and less chance of inaction (or the wrong action).