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Presentation on theme: "High and Late Middle Ages"— Presentation transcript:

3 William the Conqueror Who: King of EnglandWhat: conquered England & set out to control the landWhere: England (Normandy, France)When: ; 1066*Why: he conquered England to defeat his cousin & became king; change the power of England to the Normans

4 William the Conq (wksht)King of England- Edward- died w/o an heirHis brother Harold inherited itBut William said it was his= conquer England to take the throne= Anglo-Saxons gone- Normans are in charge

5 Common Law Who: Royal courts, Henry IIWhat: a legal system based on customs & court rulingsWhere: EnglandWhen: 1154 ADWhy: unlike local feudal laws, this applied to all of England instead of just local; ppl brought disputes to royal courts instead of church; centralized the law

6 Henry II (workbook) Inherited the throne in EnglandClaimed rights to rule clergy (church officials) & the royal courts—He developed common law & a jury system- unifying the legal system under one power- no longer local law but one central law

7 Jury Who: group of men that spoke the truth, Henry IIWhat: group of men determined what cases would be brought to trialWhere: EnglandWhen: 1154Why: this was an early form of today’s Grand Jury; this led to trial jury- an accused person is judged by 12 of his neighbors

8 King John Who: son of Henry II, King of EnglandWhat: a clever, cruel, & untrustworthy rulerWhere: EnlgandWhen: 1205Why: lost a war = lost land & popularity; argued w. the Pope over his choices; angered his nobles w. oppressive taxes & abuses = Magna Carta (limited his power)

9 King John (workbook) He abused power & overtaxed his nobles= ppl unhappy=Magna Carta = limited royal power

10 Magna Carta Who: King John, groups of rebellious barons (nobles)What: a document that limited the king’s power due to his abusesWhere: EnglandWhen: 1215*Why: this shaped the future of English government-- this said nobles had rights (eventually given to all ppl not just nobles), made it so that the monarch had to obey the law; also introduced due process of law & Habeas Corpus

11 Due Process of Law Who: King John, townspeopleWhat: a clause that prpotected freemen from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, &other legal actionsWherE: EnglandWhen: 1215Why: formed the basis of the rights we know &have today- we have rights even when being arrested

12 Habeas Corpus Who: citizens, people that are arrestedWhat: a right that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crimeWhere: England, WEWhen: 1215-todayWhy: this right was later confirmed in the Petition of Right & is still around today protecting citizens from unjust arrest

15 Holy Roman Empire Who: Charlemagne; Otto IWhat: empire that ruled throughout WE from Germany to ItalyWhere: Central & Eastern Europe (Germany, Italy)When: 1077-Why: The Pope was the most powerful man on earth = he gave power of this Empire to the most trustworthy leaders (the Empire was “Holy”) ; largest Empire in Europe since the fall of Rome

16 Henry IV Who: King of Germany, Holy Roman EmperorWhat: leader of the HRE; was excommunicated by Pope in 1076 b.c. not following rules of Gregory VIIWhere: Germany, HRE, WEWhen: 1054-Why: Henry fought w Pope Gregory VII; was excommunicated; later repented & was forgiven but he led an army to Rome to force Pope into Exile (fought about Lay Investiture)

17 Henry IV (Workbook)Actions: fought w. Pope Gregory VII about Lay Investiture; later repented but led an army to Rome to kick the Pope outEffects: he was excommunicated by the Pope but later brought back into church; he signed the Concordat of Worms= took away his power to appoint religious leaders (= Pope more powerful)

18 Gregory VIIWho: PopeWhat: Pope that instituted many church reforms such as banning Lay Invest.Where: Rome, Italy (WE)When:Why: he banned the practice of Lay Investiture which caused an issue w. Henry IV; his policies created hatred & contempt b.c. ppl wanted to be independent from the church (secular)

19 Gregory VII (Workbook)Actions: caused controversy when he banned Lay Invest. ; excommunicated Henry IV for arguing about itEffects: he wanted to make the church independent of secular rulers so he banned Lay Invest- making him the most powerful b.c. he now appointed all religious officials

20 Lay Investiture Who: Gregory VII vs. Henry IVWhat: a church practice where an Emperor or lay person (not relig) vested a person as a religious official or presented bishops w. rings that symbolized their officeWhere: Rome, Italy, (WE)When:Why: this caused conflict b.n Greg VII & Henry IV which led to Henry’s excommunication; ppl were mad about Gregory VII banned this- they rebelled

21 Frederick BarbarossaWho: Holy Roman Emperor, known as “Red Beard” , ambitious German rulerWhat: fought to bring cities into Italy under his control so he joined w. the Pope to have more control; he wanted to expand his EmpireWhere: Germany, ItalyWhen:Why: he wanted to build an Empire from Baltic to Adriatic Seas ; he succeeds in expanding his Empire through marriage = German Emp. Are more deeply involved in Italian affairs

22 Frederick Barbarossa (workbook)Actions: he fought to expand his Empire & succeeded in bringing Northern Italy under his powerEffects: b.c. of his expansion Germany was more deeply involved in Italian affairs