This is the third and the last group of the annuller verbs /kāda/ and its sisters. This group consists of six verbs as shown above.

The six verbs of this group add the meaning of initiative to the following sentence, i.e. they mean that the subject started doing the action of the verb which is in the predicate. E.g. when we say (بَدَأ مُحَمَّدٌ يَكْتُبُ) this does not mean that the action of writing is done or finished, instead it means that the doer started doing it.

It is obvious that the six verbs are synonyms, i.e. they have approximately the same meaning (to begin or to start). Nevertheless some of them can be used in other meaning. In such case they are not sisters of /kāda/, instead they are normal (regular) verbs, i.e. they need a doer and a direct object, and their sentence is a verbal sentence, please consider the following examples:

From the above mentioned examples we understand that the three verbs (أَخَذَ – جَعَلَ - أَنْشَأَ) should mean (started, or set out to) in order to intervene in the nominal sentence and to be annuller verbs. If they don’t mean (started) they will be regular verbs in a normal verbal sentence which is consists of a verb, an agent, and a direct object.

Now let’s study together the six verbs with examples in the table below:

From the above mentioned table we may notice the following:- All the six verbs of this group of annuller verbs are used only in the past tense. - The verbal predicate of these verbs is never precede by (أنْ/an) the accusative particle meaning (that or to).

Nb.: the grammatical effect of the annuller verbs /kāda/ and its sisters is not evident, i.e. their effect on the predicate (to be changed into accusative case) is supposed, because the predicate is not a single noun. It is instead a verbal sentence. The sentence cannot be signed with fatħah. Therefore do not worry about the application of the grammatical rules related to this lesson, because it is just theoretical. You are only requested to understand the changes of the meanings which are added by the annuller verbs.

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