The Conditions of La ilaha illallah

Every Muslim knows that the key to Paradise is the statement, “There is none worthy of worship except Allah.” Yet too many Muslims simply rely upon this statement and believe that as long as they have made this statement, nothing will harm them. They think they will be granted Paradise because of this mere verbal statement of the Shahadah. There is no question that the mere saying of,” I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger,” is not sufficient for salvation. In fact, the hypocrites used to make this statement quite often yet Allah describes them as liars and says that they shall abide in the lowest abyss of the Hell-fire.

As many scholars state, though, this statement or testimony is the key to Paradise. The famous follower Wahb ibn Munabbih was once asked,

” Isn’t the statement of la ilaha illa-llah the key to Paradise?” He answered, “Yes, but every key has ridges. If you come with the key that has the right ridges, the door will open for you. Yet if you do not have the right ridges the door will not open for you.”

That is, the statement must meet certain conditions. These conditions are what will differentiate the person who will benefit from his making of that statement from the one who will not benefit from that statement, no matter how many times a day he may have made that statement.

Before discussing the conditions of the Shahadah, there is one more point that I feel compelled to make. That is, some people have a tendency to take one hadeeth or one verse and then based on that one text, they will make some conclusion that, for example, whoever simply says,” There is no God except Allah,” will enter Paradise. But, actually, we should all realise that all of the Qur’an and Hadeeth complement each other and explain one another. To find the correct position on any one question, one must bring together all of the related verses and hadeeth and see what the true Islamic position is of that question. The same is true for the conditions of the shahadah.

If we study the verses of the Qur’an and the Hadeeth of the Prophet (peace be upon him), we will find that the conditions of the shahadah are seven, eight or nine in number depending on how we look at them. It is important that all of us make sure that we are meeting these conditions in our own lives and in our own testimony of faith. We must do our best to satisfy these conditions before it is too late and our testimony will be of no avail whatsoever. It is not simply for the sake of teaching these conditions, indeed there is no benefit to that. But it is, instead, for all of us to look to ourselves and to make sure that we are actually meeting these conditions so that, by Allah’s mercy, the doors to Paradise will be open for us by our key of la ilaha illa-llah.

1st condition: Knowledge

That is, one must have the basic and general knowledge of what is meant by the shahadah. One must understand what the shahadah is affirming and what the shahadah is denying. Allah says in the Qur’an,

“So know that there is no God save Allah, and ask forgiveness for your sin”(Muhammad : 19)

Similarly, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

“Whoever dies knowing that there is no one worthy of worship except Allaah shall enter Paradise.”(Recorded by Muslim)

In fact, the shahadah itself is a testimony. When one testifies to something, one must know what it is that he is testifying concerns. Obviously, a testimony about something that one does not have any knowledge about is absolutely unacceptable. Allah says in the Qur’an

Now this condition probably sounds obvious; if someone said to you, “There is no God except Allah,” and then said that what he meant by Allah was Jesus, you would immediately tell him that this shahadah is nonsense. Yet can you imagine that there is a Muslim country in the world that until recently used to have a yearly week-long celebration to “the Gods of the Sea”! All along they call themselves Muslims and they make the shahadah numerous times a day. This clearly shows that they have no idea what the meaning of their shahadah is. Do you think that this kind of shahadah will open the doors to Paradise for them? Today, there are many Muslims who wonder why we should not accept secularism. They think that there is nothing wrong with secularism! Many of these Muslims pray five times a day and utter the shahadah repeatedly. Yet they see nothing wrong with accepting a Lawgiver other than Allah? What kind of shahadah are these people making?

All of us do our best to learn at least the basics of Islamic beliefs, the basics of what shahadah means. In this way, Allah willing, we will be making the correct shahadah. We will be witnessing to the truth as we are supposed to be witnesses to it.

2nd condition: Certainty – ‘Al-Yaqeen’

This is the opposite of doubt and uncertainty. In Islam, in fact, any kind of doubt is equivalent to Kufr or disbelief. We must, in our hearts, be absolutely certain of the truth of the shahadah. Our hearts must not be wavering in any way when we testify to the truth of, “There is none worthy of worship except Allah.” Allah describes the believers in the Qur’an as those who have belief in Allah and then their hearts waver not. Allah says,

“the (true) believers are those only who believe in Allah and His messenger and afterward doubt not, but strive with their wealth and their lives for the cause of Allah. Such are the sincere”(al-Hujuraat : 15)

Similarly, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,

“No one meets Allah with the testimony that there is none worthy of worship but Allah and I am the Messenger of Allah, and he has no doubt about hat statement, except that he will enter Paradise.”(Recorded by Muslim.)

Indeed, Allah describes the hypocrites as those people whose hearts are wavering. For example, Allah says

“They alone seek leave of thee (not to participate in jihad) who believe not in Allah and the Last Day and whose hearts feel doubt, so in their doubt they waver”(al-Tauba : 45)

Many scholars have stated that the diseases of the heart, or the doubt and suspicions that one allows into one’s heart, are more dangerous for a person’s faith than lusts and desires. This is because lusts and desires may be satisfied at some time yet the person still knows them to be wrong and he may control himself and repent and give up that evil deed. On the other hand, the doubts and suspicions may linger in the heart, with no cure, until the person finally leaves Islam entirely or continues to practice Islam while, in fact, in his heart he does not have the true faith.

The greatest cure for these doubts is seeking knowledge. It is through sound knowledge of the Qur’an and the Sunnah that most of these doubts will be removed. By study and understanding, one will attain certainty. And as one studies and learns more, his certainty will be made firmer and firmer.

I will give you just one example on this point; this is related to all of the doubts, suspicions and misconceptions that are circulating about the authenticity of the hadeeth literature. For example, some Muslims even claim that hadeeth were not recorded until at least 200 years after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him). Indeed, there are Muslims who seem to have a great deal of doubt about hadeeth and very quick to reject hadeeth on that basis. But, in fact, if one actually takes the time to study the history and preservation of hadeeth, one will immediately recognise that all those claims and charges against the hadeeth are not based on anything scientific whatsoever. They are nothing but false claims that come from Satan and which Muslims with poor understanding and knowledge have allowed to creep into their hearts.

One last point about this condition of certainty, doubts and misconceptions are very dangerous for a person’s faith. Doubt and wavering are tantamount to apostasy in Islam. Hence, every Muslim should do best to safeguard himself from such doubts and remain away from the sources of doubts- especially if they are not well grounded in the Islamic sciences and do not have the knowledge to refute such doubts and misconceptions. Hence if a person has an associate or friend, even if he be a Muslim friend, who is always making him doubt Allah or the religion, then he should remain away from that person in order to safeguard his own religion.

Many Muslims nowadays study courses on Islam taught by Orientalists and because of their weak backgrounds in Islamic studies, they are influenced by the nonsense that some of these Orientalists are teaching in the name of “science”. Similarly, many brothers and sisters nowadays are spending hours at a time with the computer news groups and bulletin boards. A lot of nonsense and falsehood are posted on those news groups and bulletin boards. Again, the one who is not very knowledgeable of his religion may easily be influenced and affected by the misconceptions and false arguments that he reads in those bulletin boards. He should remain away from those things and get a deeper knowledge of Islam through the authentic sources of the religion. Again, the greatest counterforce that can defeat doubts and misconceptions, after the bounty and guidance of Allah, is sound knowledge and understanding of the religion. When a person has that, he will not be affected by the weak arguments put out by the enemies of Islam and he will be, Allah willing, from among those described in the Qur’an,

” It is only those who have knowledge among His slaves that fear Allah”(Faatir : 28)

3rd condition: Acceptance – ‘Al-Qabool’

If a person has knowledge of and certainty in the shahadah, this must followed by acceptance, with the tongue and heart, of whatever that shahadah implies. Whoever refuses to accept the shahadah and its implications, even if he knows that it is true and certain about its truth, than he is a disbeliever. This refusal to accept is sometimes due to pride, envy or other reasons. In any case, the shahadah is not a true shahadah without its unconditional acceptance. The scholars all talk about this condition as a general condition in the way that I have just stated. However, there is also a more detailed aspect that we must all be aware of. The believer accepts whatever the implications of the shahadah are. This also means that he believes in whatever is stated in the Qur’an or stated by the Prophet (peace be upon him), without any right to choose what he wants to believe and what he wants to reject. Allaah says in the Qur’an,

“Do you believe in part of the book and reject part of it? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom”(al-Baqarah: 85)

This is one aspect that the Muslims must be aware of. Although it is not the same as the complete refusal to accept the truth, by rejecting part of the truth that has come from Allah, one also negates his testimony of faith. Unfortunately, many Muslims are doing this nowadays in various ways. Although not all of these forms may necessarily be considered apostasy, they are still very dangerous. For example, if they do not like what is stated in a verse in the Qur’an, they simply reinterpret the verse according to their liking. If they do not like what is stated in a hadeeth, they simply state that the hadeeth must not be authentic although they are not scholars in that area. This kind of behaviour is the antithesis of the behaviour of the true Muslims. Whatever comes from Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him), the true Muslim believes in as the truth. This goes hand in hand with their testimony of faith.

4th condition: Submission and Compliance – ‘Al-Inqiyad’

This implies the actual physical enactment with our deeds of our shahadah. In fact, this is one of the main meanings of the word Islam itself, “the submission to the will and commands of Allah.” This is what Allah commands in the Qur’an,

“Turn unto Him repentant, and surrender unto Him” (al-Zumar : 54)

Allah has praised those who submit to His command by their actions. Allah says,”Who is better in religion than he who surrenders his purpose to Allah while doing good” (al-Nisa : 125)

Actually, Allah has clearly made it a condition of faith that one submits to the command of Allah and His messenger. Allah says,

“But nay, by your Lord, they will not truly believe until they make you [the Messenger of Allah] judge of what is in dispute between them and find within themselves no dislike of which you decide, and submit with full submission”(al-Nisa : 65)

Unfortunately, there are many who claim that there is no relationship between faith and deeds. You can even hear one Muslim saying about another, “That is the best Muslim I have ever met,” Yet the other person performs scarcely any of the deeds of Islam whatsoever. This incorrect understanding of faith has spread throughout the Muslim world. Indeed, our shahadah or testimony of faith must be implemented or realised in our hearts, tongues and actions. In our hearts, we must have love for Allah, fear Allah and hope in Him. With our tongues we must testify to the shahadah. And with our actions, we must implement what the testimony of faith requires from us. Anyone who claims to be a Muslim and yet does no deeds, either does not understand Islam whatsoever or is bearing testimony against himself that his testimony of faith is not a true and correct testimony of faith.

This does not mean that the true believer never commits a sin. Indeed, true believers do commit sins, but as long as they recognise that what they did is not correct and it is inconsistent with their obligation of submitting to Allah, then they have not violated the soundness of their testimony or shahadah. But do not forget, they are still sinners. And what is the minimum of submission that is required from a person beyond which there can be no claim to faith? For those scholars who say that the abandonment of prayers is infidelity, it is the five daily prayers. Whoever does not perform, at least, the five daily prayers has gone beyond the limit that is acceptable for lack of deeds. Allah knows best.

This means that when we say the shahadah, we are saying it honestly. We actually mean it. We are not lying when it comes to our testimony of faith. The Prophet (peace be upon his) said,

“No one bears testimony to there being no one worth of worship save Allah, sincerely from his heart, except that Allah makes the Hell-fire forbidden for him.”(Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.)

We are all familiar with those who say the testimony of faith yet they are not saying it honestly. They do not believe in it but they are simply saying it in order to protect themselves or to get some gain from doing so; these are the hypocrites. Allah has described them in the opening of the Qur’an with the following words,

“And of mankind are some who say, ‘We believe in Allah and the Last Day,’ when they believe not. They think to beguile Allah and those who believe, and they beguile none save themselves, but they perceive not. In their hearts is a disease, and Allah increases their disease. A painful doom is theirs because they lie”(al-Baqarah 8-10)

Obviously, the shahadah of those who become Muslims simply to benefit from being Muslim and not because they believe in Islam will be rejected by Allah in the Hereafter. They will face a painful punishment due to their lying.

6th condition: Sincerity – Al-Ikhlaas’

That is, when we make the shahadah, we must do so solely for the sake of Allah. We must not do it for any other reason. And we must not do it for anyone else’s sake. In this manner, the meaning of sincerity is opposite of Shirk or ascribing partners with Allah. We became and remain Muslims solely for Allah’s sake. Allah says in the Qur’an,

“Worship Allah, making religion pure for him” (al-Zumar : 2)

And Allah also says,”And they are ordained not else than to serve Allah, keeping religion pure for Him, as men by nature upright and to establish worship and to pay the poor-due. That is true religion” (al-Bayyinah : 5)

And the Prophet (peace be upon him) added,

“Allah has forbidden for the Hell-fire anyone who says, ‘There is no one worthy of worship except Allah,’ and say so desiring the face [and pleasure] of Allah.”(Recorded by Muslim)

This is something that we should all think about, especially those of us who grew up in Muslim families and were born Muslim. We should make it very clear to ourselves that we are Muslims only for the sake of Allah. We are not Muslims for the sake of our parents, friends, family or community. It must be clear in our minds that we are Muslims for the sake of Allah first, last and only.

One of the signs that we are Muslims for the sake of Allah is that we do whatever Allah asks of us, regardless of what anybody else desires or wants from us. That is, in the same way that we are Muslims solely for the sake of Allah, all of our actions are done for the sake of Allah. Some people from the Muslim world practice Islam to the extent that it is pleasing to their families. If there is anything in Islam that their families do not like- although their families are Muslim and therefore they actually should like all of Islam- then they do not practice that aspect of Islam. One common example of that nature is mixing between men and women. Such people must sincerely ask themselves why they are Muslims. Are they Muslims for the sake of their parents, friends etc and therefore whatever people like they will do and whatever people do not like they won’t do? Or are they Muslims for the sake of Allah and therefore whatever Allah dislikes they will not do and whatever Allah is pleased with they do?

7th condition: Love – ‘Al-Mahabbah’

That is, the believer loves this shahadah, he loves in accordance with the shahadah, he loves the implications and requirements of the shahadah and he loves those who act and strive for the sake of this shahadah. This is a necessary condition of the shahadah. If a person makes the shahadah but does not love the shahadah and what it stands for, then, in fact, his faith is not complete. It is not the faith of a true believer. And if he loves something more that this shahadah or if he loves something more than Allah, then he has negated his shahadah. The true believer, the one meeting the conditions of the shahadah puts no one whatsoever as an equal to Allah in his love. Allah says in the Qur’an,

“Yet of mankind are some who take unto themselves (objects of worship which they set as) rivals to Allah, loving them with a love like (that which is due to) Allah only. However, those who believe are stauncher in their love of Allah”(al-Baqarah : 165)

And elsewhere Allah says

“Say: If your fathers, or your sons, or your brethren, or your wives, or your tribe, or the wealth you have acquired, or merchandise for which you fear that there will be no sale, or dwellings you desire are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger and striving in His way: then wait till Allah brings His command to pass. Allah guides not wrongdoing folk”(al-Tauba : 24)

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

“Whoever has three characteristics has tasted the sweetness of faith. [The first of these] is that he loves Allah and His Messenger more than he loves anyone else…” (Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.)

This is one of the most important aspects of Islam yet, for some reason, it is missing from the lives of many Muslims. They act in Islam as if Islam were a chore instead of doing things out of the love of Allah. When Allah orders us to do something, like bear witness to the faith, we should realise that that thing is pleasing to Allah and, therefore, out of our love for Allah, we should be very pleased to do the acts that are pleasing to Allah. But, as I said, this feeling is missing from many, many Muslims today.

8th condition: To Deny Every Other Object Of Worship

Although that is clear in the words of the testimony of faith, it does not seem clear to everyone who makes that testimony. Therefore, I am mentioning it explicitly here. In Surah al-Baqarah, Allah clearly reminds us of this important aspect of the shahadah, the shahadah is not merely an affirmation but it is both and affirmation and a negation. Allah states,

“And he who rejects false deities and believes in Allah has grasped a firm handhold which will never break”(al-Baqarah : 256)

Perhaps the Prophet (peace be upon him) made this point even clearer when he said,

“Whoever says there is no one worthy of worship except Allah and denies whatever is worshipped besides Allah, then his wealth and blood are protected and his accounting will be with Allah.”(Recorded by Muslim)

Although this condition should be obvious to everyone who says the words of shahadah, you can still find Muslims who say the shahadah and then make acts of worship for beings or things other than Allah. You will find them going to the graveyards and worshipping those in the graves. They will perform acts of worship, not for the sake of Allah, but for the sake of the dead “saints” in the grave. What kind of shahadah have these people made? Do you really think that their shahadah will mean anything on the Day of Judgement as long as they believe that acts of worship may be done for other than Allah?

9th condition: Adherence to the Shahadah until death

This is must if the shahadah is to mean anything for you in the Hereafter. You cannot rest on your laurels of what you may have done in the past. No, indeed, the shahadah must be your banner until your death. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

“A man spends a long time doing the deeds of the people of Paradise and then he ends his deeds with the deeds of the people of the Hell-fire. And a man spends a long time doing the deeds of the people of the Hell-fire and then he ends his deeds with the deeds of the people of Paradise.” (Recorded by Muslim)

In another hadeeth, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said,”By the One whom there is no other God, one of you does the actions of Paradise until there is just a hand span between him and Paradise and then the book [preordainment] overtakes him and he does the actions of the people of Hell and he enters into it” (Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.)

And Allah says in the Quran,

“O believers, observe your duty to Allah with right observance, and die not save as Muslims [surrendering yourselves to Allah]“(al-Imran : 102)

Dear brothers and sisters, these are the conditions of the shahadah. These are the aspects of the shahadah that each and every one of us should look to in ourselves and ask ourselves, “Is my shahadah meeting those requirements? Am I saying it sincerely, honestly and out of love for Allah? Am I saying it based on what it really means? Am I denying all other false objects of worship?”

These questions we should ask ourselves now before we meet Allah. Allah willing, we shall ask ourselves these questions now and we shall find that we have all the right answers for them. Or, if we find we have some deficiency, we shall work to remove that deficiency. Such that, by Allah’s mercy, in the Hereafter, our shahadah will be the key to Paradise for us and the gates of Paradise will swing wide open for us and we will be able to live forever in the bounties of Paradise, with Allah being pleased with us.

Again, it is not simply a matter of knowing these conditions. Indeed, one can meet many Muslims who have these conditions memorised, yet when one looks to their deeds and behaviour, one can see that these conditions have no effect on them. This means, in fact, no matter how well he knows and can rattle off these conditions, he, in fact, is not fulfilling them. In the Hereafter, his knowledge of these conditions will be of no avail to him. Indeed, his knowledge will be a proof against him as he clearly knows what the conditions are that he must satisfy yet he has shown that he is not willing to satisfy them in his life.

The First Condition: Al-Ilm – Knowledge: Knowledge of the meaning of the testification and its intent, for example, what the testimony negates and what it affirms – a knowledge that negates ignorance. Allah says, ‘except those who bear witness to the truth, and they know…’ [Soorah az-Zukhruf (43): 86]

‘those who bear witness,’ means they witness, ‘La ilaha illAllah,’ ‘and they know,’ by their hearts what they witnessed by their tongues. So, he who utters it but does not have the knowledge of it, then the testimony will not benefit him, because he did not believe in the intent of testification.

The Second Condition: Al-Yaqeen – Certainty: The testifier should be certain of it’s (testification’s) meaning, for, if he doubts in it then the testimony will not benefit him. Allah says, ‘Only those are the believers who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and afterward doubt not…’ [Soorah al-Hujurat (49): 15]

So, if he doubts, then he is a hypocrite. Allah’s Messenger (sallalalhu alaihi wa-sallam) said, ‘Whoever you meet behind this wall testifying ‘La ilaha illAllah,‘ with certainty in his heart, then give him the glad tiding of Jannah.‘ [Saheeh al-Bukharee] Thus, he who does not have certainty in his heart does not deserve to enter Jannah.

The Third Condition: Al-Qubool – Acceptance:Acceptance of what the testimony necessitates like, worshiping Allah alone, and abandoning the worship of other than him. Because, he, who utters the testimony but does not accept it and does not adhere to it, then he is from among those regarding whom Allah says, ‘Truly, when it was said to them, ‘La ilaha ill-Allah‘, they puffed themselves up with pride (i.e. denied it). And (they) said, ‘Are we going to abandon our aaliha (gods) for the sake of a mad poet? [Soorah as-Saaffaat (37): 35-36] This is the situation of the grave-worshipers of today; they say, ‘La ilaha illAllah,’ but do not refrain from worship of the graves and thus, they are not accepting the meaning of, ‘La ilaha illAllah.’

The Fourth Condition: Al-Inqiyad – Submission: Submitting to what the testimony indicates. Allah says, ‘And whosoever submits his face (himself) to Allah, while he is a Muhsin (doer of good) then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold…’ [Soorah Luqmaan (31):22]

The most trustworthy handhold is, ‘La ilaha illAllah,’ and the meaning of, ‘submits his face,’ is sincere submission to Allah.

The Fifth Condition: As-Sidq – Truthfulness: To witness the testimony with truthfulness in one’s heart. He, who utters the testimony while his heart is not certain about its truthfulness, then he is a lying hypocrite. Allah says, ‘And of mankind, there are some (hypocrites) who say, ‘We believe in Allah and the Last Day’ while in fact, they believe not. They (think to) deceive Allah and those who believe, while they only deceive themselves, and perceive (it) not! In their hearts is a disease (of doubt and hypocrisy) and Allah has increased their disease. A painful torment is theirs because they used to tell lies.‘ [(2): 8-10]

The Sixth Condition: Ikhlas – Sincerity: It is purification of the action from all blemishes of Shirk, such that one does not utter it for the pleasures of the world, riyaa (showing off) or fame as is known from the authentic Hadeeth, ‘Allah has prohibited the Fire for the one, who says, ‘La ilaha illAllah’ seeking by it, the face of Allah.’ [Agreed upon]

The Seventh Condition: Muhabbah – Love: Love for the testimony, its intent and those who act upon its prerequisites. Allah says, ‘And of mankind are some who take (for worship) others besides Allah as rivals (to Allah). They love them as they love Allah. But those who believe love Allah more (than anything else)‘ [Soorah al-Baqarah (2):165] So, the people of, ‘La ilaha illAllah’ love Allah with sincere love while the people of Shirk love Him and others besides Him and this negates the prerequisites of La ilaha illAllah.

The Conditions of, ‘Muhammadar-Rasoolullah’

1. Affirming his (sallalalhu alaihi wa-sallam) Prophet-hood and having faith in it inwardly within the heart.
2. Verbally declaring it and affirming it outwardly through the tongue.
3. Following him by acting upon the truth he came with, and refraining from the evil that he has forbidden.
4. Believing in what he has informed about – from the unseen of the past and the future.
5. Loving him more than oneself, wealth, children, parents and the whole of humanity.
6. Giving precedence to his saying over everybody, and acting upon his Sunnah.

The Prerequisites of the Shahadatain

The Prerequisite of ‘La ilaha illAllah’ is to abandon the worship of all other deities other than Allah, as we say in our testimony, ‘La ilaha,’ and worshiping Allah alone as we say in our testimony, ‘illAllah.’ However, many of those who say the testimony contradict its prerequisites, and affirm the Uluhiyah of the creation; the graves, tombs, trees and stones, which is negated by Allah. These people believe that Tawheed is a bidah and reject those who call them to it and criticize those who sincerely worship Allah.

The Prerequisite of ‘Muhammadar-Rasoolullah’ is to follow him, believe in him, refrain from that which he has forbidden, restrict one’s actions to his Sunnah and leave that which contradicts it from the newly invented matters, and give precedence to his saying over everybody else’s saying.