Young Folks' History of England eBook

But the joy of his return was clouded by the deaths
of his sister Mary, the Princess of Orange, and of
his brother Henry, who was only just twenty.
Mary left a son, William, Prince of Orange, of whom
you will hear more.

The bishops were restored, and, as there had been
no archbishop since Laud had been beheaded, good Juxon,
who had attended King Charles at his death, was made
archbishop in his room. The persons who had been
put into the parishes to act as clergymen, were obliged
to give place to the real original parish priest;
but if he were dead, as was often the case, they were
told that they might stay, if they would be ordained
by the bishops and obey the Prayer-book. Some
did so, some made an arrangement for keeping the parsonages,
and paying a curate to take the service in church;
but those who were the most really in earnest gave
up everything, and were turned out—­but only
as they had turned out the former clergymen ten or
twelve years before.

All Oliver Cromwell’s army was broken up, and
the men sent to their homes, except one regiment which
came from Coldstream in Scotland. These would
not disband, and when Charles II. heard it he said
he would take them as his guards. This was the
beginning of there being always a regular army of
men, whose whole business it is to be soldiers, instead
of any man being called from his work when he is wanted.

Charles II. promised pardon to all the rebels, but
he did try and execute all who had been actually concerned
in condemning his father to death.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

Charles II. A.D. 1660-1685.

It is sad to have to say that, after all his troubles,
Charles II. disappointed everybody. Some of
these disappointments could not be helped, but others
were his own fault. The Puritan party thought,
after they had brought him home again he should have
been more favorable to them, and grumbled at the restoration
of the clergymen and of the Prayer-book. The
Cavaliers thought that, after all they had gone through
for him and his father, he ought to have rewarded
them more; but he said truly enough, that if he had
made a nobleman of everyone who had deserved well
of him, no place but Salisbury Plain would have been
big enough for the House of Lords to meet upon.
Then those gentlemen who had got into debt to raise
soldiers for the king’s service, and had paid
fines, or had to sell their estates, felt it hard
not to have them again; but when a Roundhead gentleman
had honestly bought the property, it would have been
still more unjust to turn them out. These two
old names of Cavaliers and Roundheads began to turn
into two others even more absurd. The Cavalier
set came to be called Tories, an Irish name for a
robber, and the Puritans got the Scotch name of Whigs,
which means buttermilk.