Diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules is challenging because they are rarely visualized endobronchially. Imaging techniques such as endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) are employed to improve tumor localization. The current EBUS probe provides limited nodule characterization and has an outer diameter of 1.4 mm that restricts access to small peripheral airways. We report a novel co-registered autofluoresence Doppler optical coherence tomography (AF/DOCT) system with a 0.9 mm diameter probe to characterize peripheral lung nodules prior to biopsy in vivo. Method: Patients referred for evaluation of peripheral lung nodules underwent bronchoscopy with examination of standard EBUS and the novel AF ...