Learn French, Italian, Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese together

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English

French

Italian

Catalan

Spanish

Portuguese

Infinitive: to know (facts)

savoir

sapere

saber

saber

saber

Present: know(s)

sais

so

sé

sé

sei

sais

sai

saps

sabes

sabes

sait

sa

sap

sabe

sabe

savons

sappiamo

sabem

sabemos

sabemos

savez

sapete

sabeu

sabéis

sabeis

savent

sanno

saben

saben

sabem

Imperfect: knew/used to know

savais

sapevo

sabia

sabía

sabia

savais

sapevi

sabies

sabías

sabias

savait

sapeva

sabia

sabía

sabia

savions

sapevamo

sabíem

sabíamos

sabíamos

saviez

sapevate

sabíeu

sabíais

sabíeis

savaient

sapevano

sabien

sabían

sabiam

Preterite: knew

sus

seppi

sabí

supe

soube

(rare in French or Italian speech)

sus

sapesti

saberes

supiste

soubeste

(alternative Catalan below)

sut

seppe

sabé

supo

soube

sûmes

sapemmo

sabérem

supimos

soubemos

sûtes

sapeste

sabéreu

supisteis

soubestes

surent

seppero

saberen

supieron

souberam

Future: will know

saurai

saprò

sabré

sabré

saberei

sauras

saprai

sabràs

sabrás

saberás

saura

saprà

sabrà

sabrá

saberá

saurons

sapremo

sabrem

sabremos

saberemos

saurez

saprete

sabreu

sabréis

sabereis

sauront

sapranno

sabran

sabrán

saberão

Conditional: would know

saurais

saprei

sabria

sabría

saberia

saurais

sapresti

sabries

sabrías

saberias

saurait

saprebbe

sabria

sabría

saberia

saurions

sapremmo

sabríem

sabríamos

saberíamos

sauriez

sapreste

sabríeu

sabríais

saberíeis

sauraient

saprebbero

sabrien

sabrían

saberiam

Present Subjunctive: know(s)

sache

sappia

sàpiga

sepa

saiba

saches

sappia

sàpigues

sepas

saibas

sache

sappia

sàpiga

sepa

saiba

sachions

sappiamo

sapiguem

sepamos

saibamos

sachiez

sappiate

sapigueu

sepáis

saibais

sachent

sappiano

sàpiguen

sepan

saibam

Imperfect Subjunctive: knew

susse

sapessi

sabés

supiera

soubesse

(rare in French speech)

susses

sapessi

sabessis

supieras

soubesses

(alternative Spanish below)

sût

sapesse

sabés

supiera

soubesse

sussions

sapessimo

sabéssim

supiéramos

soubéssemos

sussiez

sapeste

sabéssiu

supierais

soubésseis

sussent

sapessero

sabessin

supieran

soubessem

Affirmative Imperative: know

Singular familiar you

sache

sappi

sàpigues

sabe

sabe

Singular formal you

sachez

sappia

sàpiga

sepa

saiba

Let's...

sachons

sappiamo

sapiguem

sepamos

saibamos

Plural familiar you

sachez

sapete

sapigueu

sabed

sabei

Plural formal you

sachez

sappiano

sàpiguen

sepan

saibam

Negative Imperative: don't know

Singular familiar you

ne sache pas

non sapere

no sàpigues

no sepas

não saibas

Singular formal you

ne sachez pas

non sappia

no sàpiga

no sepa

não saiba

Let's not...

ne sachons pas

non sappiamo

no sapiguem

no sepamos

não saibamos

Plural familiar you

ne sachez pas

non sapete

no sapigueu

no sepáis

não saibais

Plural formal you

ne sachez pas

non sanno

no sàpiguen

no sepan

não saibam

Gerund: knowing
Present Participle: knowing

en savant
savant

sapendo
sapiente

sabent

sabiendo

sabendo

Past Participle: known

su

saputo

sabut

sabido

sabido

Auxiliary verb used in perfect tenses

avoir

avere

haver

haber

ter

The periphrastic past in Catalan is an alternative to the preterite. It is formed by using anar as an auxiliary verb followed by the infinitive.

vaig saber

vas saber

va saber

vam saber

vau saber

van saber

There is an alternative form of the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish, which is more similar to Portuguese. Simply replace -ra- with -se- for all conjugations:

supiera / supiese

supieras / supieses

supiera / supiese

supiéramos / supiésemos

supierais / supieseis

supieran / supiesen

The future subjunctive is only used in formal or literary Spanish, but it is easy to conjugate since it is nearly identical to the imperfect subjunctive forms. The future subjunctive in Portuguese is very common and the same endings are used for the personal infinitive (see below).

Spanish

Portuguese

supiere

souber

supieres

souberes

supiere

souber

supiéremos

soubermos

supiereis

souberdes

supieren

souberem

The personal infinitivein Portuguese uses the infinitive as the stem + the endings of the future subjunctive.

saber

saberes

saber

sabermos

saberdes

saberem

There is an alternative form of the past perfect in Portugueuse which only uses one word rather than an auxiliary verb + past participle. These conjugations are quite similar to the imperfect subjunctive conjugations using -ra- in Spanish. However, this simple form is only used in formal or literary Portuguese. (Note that the imperfect subjunctive in Spanish using -ra- can also be used in formal or literary language as an alternative to the compound past perfect.)

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