Food refusal is a hallmark of exposure of experimental animals to deoxynivalenol (DON) and other Type B trichothecenes but less is known about the anorectic effects of foodborne Type A trichothecenes (e.g., T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin), airborne Type D trichothecenes (e.g. satratoxin G [SG]) or functionally analogous metabolites that impair protein synthesis. Here, we utilized a well-described mouse model of food intake to compare the anorectic potencies of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and SG to that of emetine, a medicinal alkaloid derived from ipecac that inhibits translation. All four compounds were generally much more potent than DON.

Attempts were made to disclose and reproduce the immunologic activity of the bloodsera of cows, aborted fetuses, and newborn calves in feeding the cows with feeds acted upon by small amounts of toxic moulds. It was found that in continuous feeding with mould-affected forages the toxins that gained access into the body attacked chiefly the liver. Along with other changes it induced the release of a complex antigen that was likely to bear the character of both the toxin and the liver proteins. It is believed that the process of building up of specific immune defense against mycotoxins is more complex and continuous. Thus, the immunity obtained is not so effective as in the case of microbial infections.

An enzootic of stachybotryotoxicosis was established on a dairy farm. A characteristic clinical feature was the edema in the intermandibular space. Morphologically, there were numerous hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, abomasal and intestinal mucosa, kidney cortex, and urinary bladder as well as ulcerous and erosive colitis, edematized mesenterial lymph nodes and occasionally catarrhal and necrotic stomatitis, icterus, and perirenal edema. Histologically, there were degenerative nephrosis, focal hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis (occasionally coupled with bacterial embolization and dystrophic calcification of the kidneys), granular degeneration of the liver and heart, hemorrhages and edema of the lungs, and edema, hyperemia, and thrombi in the brain.

An outbreak of mortality in a flock of mutton merino sheep is described. It was characterized by haemorrhagic septicaemia, anaemia, leucocytopaenia and haemorrhagic tendencies. The main clinical signs occurred in two phases: an elevated body temperature, listlessness, epistaxis and intermittent haemorrhagic diarrhoea during the first phase of the outbreak, and a progressively worsening anaemia, leucocytopaenia and less severe haemorrhagic tendencies and a terminally elevated body temperature during the second phase. The predominant autopsy findings were purpuric haemorrhage on serosal and mucosal surfaces and in most of the organs, enterorrhagia and severe pulmonary congestion and oedema during the first stage; anaemia was the predominant sign during the second stage – widespread haemorrhage still occurred but was less extensive. Histologically the most salient features were atrophy and necrosis of the lymphoid tissue, aplastic anaemia and a markedly impaired inflammatory response.

Sign up for updates on new information about mold-related illness from Paradigm Change.
You also will receive a free PDF copy of the popular ME/CFS recovery story, Back from the Edge.Click for More Info

.

Search This Website

.

About Paradigm Change

Paradigm Change provides a variety of information on the role of environmental microbial toxins in chronic multsymptom illnesses (including ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, chronic/post Lyme, MCS/EI, POTS, MCAS, Alzheimer’s, autism and other similar conditions).

Information resources offered by Paradigm Change may be accessed at the links below.

Please Note

The information on this site is for educational use only. It is not intended as medical advice.

“Paradigm Change,” “Avoiding Mold,” “Locations Effect,” “Locations Ratings," “Living Clean in a Dirty World," "Mold Avoiders" and "Rabbit Hole" are trademarks belonging to Paradigm Change. Please do not use any of these trademarks as the name of your mold-oriented or health-oriented organization or enterprise without the written permission of Lisa Petrison.

This website may include affiliate links provided by Amazon or other merchants. Paradigm Change may receive a small percentage of sales made subsequent to clicks on those links.