1.
Warwick, Rhode Island
–
Warwick is a city in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States. It is the second largest city in the state, with a population of 82,672 at the 2010 census, the city of Warwick and T. F. Green Airport are located approximately 12 miles south of downtown Providence,63 miles southwest of Boston, Massachusetts and its mayor has been Scott Avedisian since 2000. Warwick was founded by Samuel Gorton in 1642 and has witnessed major events in American history and it was decimated during King Philips War and was the site of the Gaspee Affair, a significant prelude to the American Revolution. Warwick is also the home of revolutionary war general Nathanael Greene, George Washingtons second-in-command, Warwick is home to Rhode Islands main airport T. F. Green Airport, which serves the Providence area and also functions as a reliever for Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts. It is also the home of the 43rd Military Police Brigade of the Rhode Island Army National Guard, Warwick was founded in 1642 by Samuel Gorton when Narragansett Indian Chief Sachem Miantonomi agreed to accept 144 fathoms of Wampum for what was known as The Shawhomett Purchase. This included the present day towns of Coventry and West Warwick, however, the purchase was not without dispute. The two sachems of the area, Sacononoco and Pumham, stated that Miantonomi had sold the land without asking for their approval and they took their case to Boston, where they placed their lands under Massachusetts rule. In 1643, Massachusetts Bay Colony sent a force to Shawomett to arrest Gorton. After a tense standoff, all but three of the Gortonists surrendered to the Massachusetts force and this event caused the other three settlements on Narragansett Bay to unite and get a royal charter allowing them to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. In 1648, Gorton was granted a Charter by Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, Lord Admiral, because of this, the name of the settlement was changed from Shawhomett to Warwick. Massachusetts continued to lay claim to the area, but it no further effort to enforce it. In 1772, Warwick was the scene of the first violent act against the Crown in what came to be called the Gaspee Affair. Local patriots mooned and then boarded the Gaspee, a revenue cutter charged with enforcing the Stamp Act 1765 and Townshend Acts in Narragansett Bay where smuggling was common. It was here that the first blood was spilled in the American Revolution when Gaspees commanding officer Lt. Dudingston was shot in his crotch while resisting the taking of his ship, the Gaspee was stripped of all cannon and arms before being torched. During the Revolution, Warwick militiamen participated in the battles of Montreal, Quebec, Saratoga, Monmouth, and Trenton, T. F. Green Airport is a station on the Providence/Stoughton Commuter Rail Line, providing weekday service to Providence Station and Bostons South Station. Warwick is located at 41°43′N 71°25′W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 49.6 square miles, of which,35.5 square miles of it is land and 14.1 square miles of it is water. The following villages are located in Warwick, Warwick is officially a part of the Providence metropolitan area, as of the census of 2000, there were 85,808 people,35,517 households, and 22,979 families residing in the city

2.
Rhode Island
–
Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the eighth least populous, and its official name is also the longest of any state in the Union. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusetts to the north and east, the state also shares a short maritime border with New York. It boycotted the 1787 convention that drew up the United States Constitution, on May 29,1790, Rhode Island became the 13th and last state to ratify the Constitution. Rhode Islands official nickname is The Ocean State, a reference to the fact that the state has several large bays, Rhode Island covers 1,214 square miles, of which 1,045 square miles are land. Despite its name, most of Rhode Island is located on the mainland of the United States, the official name of the state is State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which is derived from the merger of four settlements. Rhode Island is now commonly called Aquidneck Island, the largest of several islands in Narragansett Bay, Providence Plantation was the name of the colony founded by Roger Williams in the area now known as the city of Providence. This was adjoined by the settlement of Warwick, hence the plural Providence Plantations and it is unclear how Aquidneck Island came to be known as Rhode Island, although there are two popular theories. Explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano noted the presence of an island near the mouth of Narragansett Bay in 1524, subsequent European explorers were unable to precisely identify the island that Verrazzano had named, but the Pilgrims who later colonized the area assumed that it was Aquidneck. A second theory concerns the fact that Adriaen Block passed by Aquidneck during his expeditions in the 1610s, historians have theorized that this reddish appearance resulted from either red autumn foliage or red clay on portions of the shore. The earliest documented use of the name Rhode Island for Aquidneck was in 1637 by Roger Williams, the name was officially applied to the island in 1644 with these words, Aquethneck shall be henceforth called the Isle of Rodes or Rhode-Island. The name Isle of Rodes is used in a document as late as 1646. Dutch maps as early as 1659 call the island Red Island, Williams was a theologian forced out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Seeking religious and political tolerance, he and others founded Providence Plantation as a proprietary colony. Providence referred to the concept of providence, and plantation was an English term for a colony. State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations is the longest official name of any state in the Union, advocates for excising plantation asserted that the word specifically referred to the British colonial practice of establishing settlements which disenfranchised native people. Advocates for retaining the name argued that plantation was simply an archaic English synonym for colony, the referendum election was held on November 2,2010, and the people voted overwhelmingly to retain the entire original name. It shares a maritime border with New York State between Block Island and Long Island

3.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

4.
Position (ice hockey)
–
Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball

5.
Goaltender
–
In ice hockey, the goaltender is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their teams net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease, goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots. In todays age of goaltending there are two styles, butterfly and hybrid. Because of the power of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact, the goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice, as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game. One-on-one situations, such as breakaways and shootouts, have the tendency to highlight a goaltenders pure skill, only one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time. The goaltender is also known as the goalie, goaler, goalkeeper, net minder, in the early days of the sport, the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender. The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches, the variation goalie is typically used for items associated with the position, such as goalie stick and goalie pads. Goaltending is a position in ice hockey, at higher levels in the game, no goalies play other positions. A typical ice hockey team may have two or three goaltenders on its roster, the NHL requires each team have a list of emergency goalies. The list provides goalie options for both the home and visiting teams and these goalies are to be called to a game if a team does not have two goalies to start the game. An emergency goalie may also be called if both roster goalies are injured in the same game, Jennings Trophy for fewest goals allowed. Martin Brodeur was the first goaltender in the National Hockey League to score a game-winning goal, the goaltender has special privileges and training that other players do not. He or she wears special goaltending equipment that is different from that worn by players and is subject to specific regulations. Goalies may use any part of their bodies to block shots, the goalie may legally hold the puck with his hands to cause a stoppage of play. If a player from the team hits the goaltender without making an attempt to get out of his way. In some leagues, if a goalies stick breaks, he can continue playing with a stick until the play is stopped. Additionally, if a goaltender acts in such a way that would cause a player to be given a penalty, such as slashing or tripping another player. Instead, one of the teammates who was on the ice at the time of the infraction is sent to the penalty box in his or her place

6.
Glove (ice hockey)
–
There are three styles of gloves worn by ice hockey players. Skaters wear similar gloves on each hand, while goaltenders wear gloves of different types on each hand, skaters gloves help prevent the hands getting bruised and battered and stops them from getting burned from the ice. The top padding and shell thumb is designed to protect the player from flying Hockey pucks. In todays hockey game, gloves will generally fall into two types of categories, the first being the traditional four-roll style and these types of gloves have more room on the inside, giving it a looser feel on the hand than the natural fit gloves. Hockey players who choose the style have less resistance in their fingers and hands. The other category of gloves are the fitting, natural or anatomical fit glove. These have a tighter fit than the four-roll gloves, and are designed to become an extension of the players hand. The tapered gloves are tight on the hand, but ergonomically designed for better wrist mobility and range of motion. Hockey gloves also range in sizes, and are available in three categories, Youth size hockey gloves run 8, 9and 10, Junior sizes are 11 and 12. Goaltenders wear a different type of glove on each hand, while these gloves do offer the goaltender a measure of protection, their design is to aid the goaltender in performance of his duties. On the hand with which he carries his stick, often called the stick hand, national Hockey League rules mandate that the blocking glove may be no wider than eight inches and no longer than fifteen. The goaltender uses this blocker to deflect shots, on the other hand, often called the glove hand, the goaltender wears a catching glove called a trapper, which is similar to a baseball glove. In addition to using it to catch shots, goaltenders can distribute caught pucks by tossing them from the catching glove, national Hockey League rules limit the perimeter of the catching glove to forty-five inches and the widest part of the glove may not exceed eighteen inches

7.
Providence Friars women's ice hockey
–
The Providence Friars womens ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I college ice hockey program that represents the Providence College. The Friars are a member of Hockey East and they play at the 3, 030-seat Schneider Arena in Providence, Rhode Island. In the 1978-79 season, the Friars would hold the distinction of being the first team to play the new Harvard Crimson womens ice hockey team, the result was a 17-0 triumph. In 1984, the Friars won the inaugural Eastern College Athletic Conference Women’s Championship, in Jackie Bartos first season as coach in 1994-95, the Friars were 18-9-4 and won the Eastern College Athletic Conference title. The following season, the Friars reached the ECAC championship game, the 1996-97 season were one of the most successful as Providence went 20-8-2, posting the programs eighth 20-win season. In 1997-98, Barto guided the Friars to the ECAC Tournament for the 15th consecutive season, Providence College made history on Saturday, December 5,2009 as the Friars came away with a 4-1 victory over No.3 New Hampshire in Durham. Providence became the first Hockey East team to earn a victory at the Whittemore Center since the inception in 2002-03. On January 9,2010, Providence College womens hockey earned their 600th victory by defeating No.8 Cornell by a score of 6-3, junior Jean ONeill tallied a goal and an assist. Genevieve Lacasse made 22 saves to record the victory, Providence now joins New Hampshire as the only two programs with 600 victories. On January 10,2011, the Friars and the Dartmouth Big Green played each other in a game at Fenway Park in Boston. Providence skater Brooke Simpson scored her first career NCAA goal, with 1,14 remaining in regulation, Big Green forward Camille Dumais scored the game-winning goal on Providence netminder Genevieve Lacasse as the Big Green prevailed by a 3-2 mark. Currently, she remains third on the all-time Friar goal list, trailing only Cammi Granato, both of these players were coached by Barto. She is ranked fifth on Providences all-time scoring list with 200 career points, during her time as a Friar, Barto was associated with three of Providences six ECAC championships, winning one as a head coach, one as an assistant and one as a player. On November 12,2008, former Friar womens ice hockey player Stephanie OSullivan was one of four inductees enshrined into the Massachusetts Hockey Hall of Fame class of 2008. As a Friar, OSullivan was named ECAC Player of the Year, during the 1994-95 season, she scored 40 goals and 28 assists for 68 points. The only time she was not named to the ECAC All-Star Team was as a freshman, in her freshman year, she was named the ECAC Rookie of the Year. O’Sullivan is second all-time in career points, first in assists, OSullivan would go on to play for Team USA in the World Championships in 1994,1997,1999 and 2000. Chris Bailey Laurie Baker, Member of the 1997 U. S. S, Granato was named Rookie of the Year as a freshman and Player of the Year as a sophomore, junior and senior

8.
United States men's national ice hockey team
–
The United States mens national ice hockey team is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, with its U18 and U17 development program in Plymouth, Michigan. The team is controlled by USA Hockey, the body for amateur. The US team is ranked 4th in the IIHF World Rankings, the current head coach is John Tortorella. The United States won gold medals at the 1960 and 1980 Winter Olympics and more recently, the teams most recent medal at the World Championships came with a bronze in 2015. They won the tournament in 1933, United States is a member of the so-called Big Six, the unofficial group of the six strongest mens ice hockey nations, along with Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, and Sweden. As of 2014, the US has an ice hockey population of 611,926 with USA Hockey. USA Hockey is the largest governing body for ice hockey in the United States and is considered the best representation of the number of playing ice hockey in the US. Though hockey is not a popular sport in the United States. The United States also won the medal in the 1960 Games at Squaw Valley, California, defeating the Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia. However, since this victory is not as known as the 1980 win. Although the United States finished no higher than fourth in any World or Olympic event from 1981 through 1994, but by 2006, many of these NHL All-Stars had retired or lost their skill with age. Though the 2006 Olympic team finished a disappointing 8th, it was more of a team, featuring young NHL players like Rick DiPietro, John-Michael Liles. The team also had a group of veterans that included top NHL goalie Ryan Miller top defenseman Brian Rafalski. The U. S. team upset team Canada 5–3 in the phase of the tournament and went into the single elimination phase of the tournament as the number-one seeded team. After beating Finland 6–1 the United States advanced to the medal game. The gold medal game between Canada and the United States was watched by an estimated 27.6 million U. S. households. This was the most watched game in America since the 1980 Miracle on Ice game. However, several months later at the IIHF World Championship, the U. S. team posted the worst record in its history by losing all three of its games in the preliminary round, the losses eliminated the United States from medal contention and dropped them below 12th place

9.
Ice hockey
–
Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball

10.
Olympic Games
–
The Olympic Games are considered the worlds foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee in 1894, leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896. The IOC is the body of the Olympic Movement, with the Olympic Charter defining its structure. The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in changes to the Olympic Games. The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic, political, as a result, the Olympics has shifted away from pure amateurism, as envisioned by Coubertin, to allowing participation of professional athletes. The growing importance of mass media created the issue of corporate sponsorship, World wars led to the cancellation of the 1916,1940, and 1944 Games. Large boycotts during the Cold War limited participation in the 1980 and 1984 Games, the Olympic Movement consists of international sports federations, National Olympic Committees, and organising committees for each specific Olympic Games. As the decision-making body, the IOC is responsible for choosing the host city for each Games, the IOC also determines the Olympic programme, consisting of the sports to be contested at the Games. There are several Olympic rituals and symbols, such as the Olympic flag and torch, over 13,000 athletes compete at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games in 33 different sports and nearly 400 events. The first, second, and third-place finishers in each event receive Olympic medals, gold, silver, the Games have grown so much that nearly every nation is now represented. This growth has created numerous challenges and controversies, including boycotts, doping, bribery, every two years the Olympics and its media exposure provide unknown athletes with the chance to attain national and sometimes international fame. The Games also constitute an opportunity for the host city and country to themselves to the world. The Ancient Olympic Games were religious and athletic festivals held every four years at the sanctuary of Zeus in Olympia, competition was among representatives of several city-states and kingdoms of Ancient Greece. These Games featured mainly athletic but also combat such as wrestling. It has been written that during the Games, all conflicts among the participating city-states were postponed until the Games were finished. This cessation of hostilities was known as the Olympic peace or truce and this idea is a modern myth because the Greeks never suspended their wars. The truce did allow those religious pilgrims who were travelling to Olympia to pass through warring territories unmolested because they were protected by Zeus

11.
1998 Winter Olympics
–
The 1998 Winter Olympics, officially the XVIII Olympic Winter Games, was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 in Nagano, Japan. 72 nations and 2,176 participants contested in 7 sports and 68 events at 15 venues, the Games saw the introduction of womens ice hockey, curling and snowboarding. National Hockey League players were allowed to participate in the ice hockey. The host was selected on June 15,1991, over Salt Lake City, Östersund, Jaca and they were the third Olympic Games and second winter Olympics to be held in Japan, after the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. Nagano is so far the southernmost city to host a Winter Olympics, next to Squaw Valley, the games were succeeded by the 1998 Winter Paralympics from 5 to 14 March. These were the final Winter Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch, other candidate cities for the 1998 Olympics were Aosta, Italy, Jaca, Spain, Östersund, Sweden, and Salt Lake City, United States. The host city selection was held in Birmingham, United Kingdom, on 15 June 1991, Nagano prevailed over Salt Lake City by just 4 votes. In June 1995, Salt Lake was chosen as the host of the following 2002 Winter Olympics, the Nagano Olympic bid committee spent approximately $14 million to entertain the 62 International Olympic Committee members and many of their companions. The precise figures are unknown since Nagano, after the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public, sukki, Nokki, Lekki and Tsukki, also known as the Snowlets are the 1998 Winter Olympic mascots and are four snowy owls. They represent respectively fire, air, earth and water and together represent the four major islands of Japan. Australia Seven Network China CCTV United Kingdom BBC Bjørn Dæhlie won 3 gold medals in skiing, making him the Winter Olympic competitor with the most wins ever. Alpine skier Hermann Maier survived a fall in the downhill and went on to win gold in the super-G, Netherlands won 5 of the 10 speed skating events, including 2 each by Gianni Romme and Marianne Timmer. Canada beat Denmark in the womens curling final, securing the latter their first Winter Olympic medal ever, womens ice hockey was contested at the Olympic Games for the first time ever, and the United States beat the Canadians 3–1 for the gold medal. United States went undefeated in the womens tournament, the Czech Republic defeated Russia by a score of 1–0 for the mens gold medal, while Finland won both the mens and womens bronze medals for ice hockey. Cross-country skier Bjørn Dæhlie of Norway won three medals in Nordic skiing to become the first winter Olympian to earn eight career gold medals. Curling returned as a sport, after having been demoted to a demonstration event after the inaugural Winter Games in Chamonix in 1924. Snowboarding debuted as an official sport, players from the NHL were able to compete in mens ice hockey due to a three-week suspension of the NHL season. Tara Lipinski,15, narrowly beat Michelle Kwan in womens figure skating to become the youngest champion in an event in the history of the Winter Olympics

12.
2002 Winter Olympics
–
Approximately 2,400 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout 165 sporting sessions. The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games, and the 2002 Winter Olympics are the most recent games to be held in the United States. These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge, the opening ceremony was held on February 8,2002, and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24,2002. Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen, and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters, Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics, although the two subsequent host cities populations were larger. Following a trend, the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games, with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. The Salt Lake Games faced a scandal and some local opposition during the bid. Nevertheless, from sporting and business standpoints, this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history, over 2 billion viewers watched more than 13 billion viewer-hours. The Games were also financially successful raising more money with fewer sponsors than any prior Olympic Games, the surplus was used to create the Utah Athletic Foundation, which maintains and operates many of the remaining Olympic venues. U. S. Federal subsidies amounted to $1.3 billion, Salt Lake City was chosen over Québec City, Canada, Sion, Switzerland, and Östersund, Sweden, on June 16,1995, at the 104th IOC Session in Budapest, Hungary. The 1976 Winter Olympics were ultimately awarded to Innsbruck, Austria, 1Because of the no-commercialization policy of the Olympics, the Delta Center, now the Vivint Smart Home Arena, was labeled as the Salt Lake Ice Center, causing some confusion for visitors. The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympics at USD2.5 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 24% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, operational costs incurred by the committee for the purpose of staging the Games. The competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, average cost for Winter Games since 1960 is USD3.1 billion, average cost overrun is 142%. A total 78 National Olympic Committees sent athletes to the Salt Lake City games, cameroon, Hong Kong, Nepal, Tajikistan, and Thailand participated in their first Winter Olympic Games. There were 78 events contested in 7 sports, in the following calendar for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport are held, the number in each box represents the number of finals that were contested on that day. All dates are in Mountain Standard Time Host country To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, several medals records were set and/or tied. They included, Norway tied the Soviet Union at the 1976 Winter Olympics for most gold medals at a Winter Olympics, germany set a record for most total medals at a Winter Olympics, with 36

13.
Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics
–
Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at the E Center in West Valley City and Peaks Ice Arena in Provo, Utah. Both the mens and womens tournaments were won by Canada, defeating the host United States in both games, the mens tournament marked the second Olympic Games where the National Hockey League took a break to allow all its players the opportunity to play. Fourteen countries played in the tournament, six hockey powers were automatically admitted to the final eight. The other eight countries played in a round in two pools. The winners of those pools, Belarus and Germany, advanced to the round with the six hockey powers. The biggest surprise of the tournament was Belarus, 0–3–0 in Group D play, after that upset, the Swedish media held their players responsible for the loss, even going as far to publish their NHL salaries. Another major surprise was the finish of Team USA, which was not considered a contender as it was steeped heavily in over-30 veterans. Despite being close to the ends of their NHL careers, Mike Richter, Brett Hull, John LeClair and Mike Modano formed the Divine Line which led the tournament in scoring. USA and Russia played to a 2–2 tie in their group game, ending up, USA finished second behind Sweden in the round robin results. USA and Russia met again in the semi-finals of the tournament, the USAs victory over Russia came coincidentally on the 22-year anniversary of the Miracle on Ice, the upset of the Soviet Union team, at Lake Placid in 1980. The Americans stormed out to a 3–0 lead for the first two periods, before withstanding a furious rally from the Russians to advance. However, Russian goalie Nikolai Khabibulin thought that the refereeing was fair, Canada had a lackluster start, losing 5–2 to Sweden, only managing to defeat Germany by a score of 3–2, and drawing with the Czech Republic. However, Canada improved in the round, defeating Finland 2–1. Canada and the US faced off in the final, for both nations, the gold-medal game came coincidentally on the anniversary of each nations last gold medal in mens Olympic hockey. Canada last won 50 years previously at the 1952 Winter Olympics when they tied the US 3-3, the US won their last gold medal when they defeated Finland two days after The Miracle on Ice in 1980. Both games, coincidentally, were played on a Sunday, the Canada-USA final was tied at 2–2, however Canada then scored three goals to win 5–2. It was only the time and first in 70 years that the US mens hockey team lost an Olympic game on home soil. The first loss came against Canada in their first game at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, thanks to the much-anticipated Canada–USA matchup in the final in front of a North American home crowd, TV ratings for this match were the highest in Olympic history to that time

14.
Toll Gate High School
–
Toll Gate High School is a public high school in Warwick, Rhode Island on Centerville Road. It serves education to grades 9-12 and has approximately 1100 students and 97 teachers, the current timeblock for a school day is 7, 24am–1, 51pm. The school opened in 1972 with Robert J. Shapiro as the first principal, the schools cultural arts center was dedicated in Shapiros name in 1999. The Toll Gate Varsity Ice Hockey team won the 2004 Rhode Island State Championship and their victory is documented in the 2006 documentary film Ice Kings. S

15.
Gold medal
–
A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture, others offer only the prestige of the award. Many organizations now award gold medals either annually or extraordinarily, including UNESCO, while some gold medals are solid gold, others are gold-plated or silver-gilt, like those of the Olympic Games, the Lorentz Medal, the United States Congressional Gold Medal and the Nobel Prize medal. Nobel Prize medals consist of 18 karat green gold plated with 24 karat gold, before 1980 they were struck in 23 karat gold. In the United States, Congress would enact a resolution asking the President to reward those responsible, the commanding officer would receive a gold medal and his officers silver medals. Other countries similarly honored their military and naval victors in a similar fashion, Medals have historically been given as prizes in various types of competitive activities, especially athletics. Traditionally, medals are made of the metals, Gold Silver Bronze Occasionally. This standard was adopted for Olympic competition at the 1904 Summer Olympics, at the 1896 event, silver was awarded to winners and bronze to runners-up, while at 1904 other prizes were given, not medals. At the modern Olympic Games, winners of a sporting discipline receive a medal in recognition of their achievement. At the Ancient Olympic Games only one winner per event was crowned with kotinos, aristophanes in Plutus makes a remark why victorious athletes are crowned with wreath made of wild olive instead of gold. When Tigranes, an Armenian general learned this, he uttered to his leader, what kind of men are these against whom you have brought us to fight. Men who do not compete for possessions, but for honour, hence medals were not awarded at the ancient Olympic Games. At the 1896 Summer Olympics, winners received a silver medal, in 1900, most winners received cups or trophies instead of medals. The next three Olympics awarded the winners solid gold medals, but the medals themselves were smaller, the use of gold rapidly declined with the onset of the First World War and also with the onset of the Second World War. The last series of Olympic medals to be made of gold were awarded at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm. Olympic Gold medals are required to be made from at least 92. 5% silver, all Olympic medals must be at least 60mm in diameter and 3mm thick. Minting the medals is the responsibility of the Olympic host, from the 1972 Summer Olympics through 2000, Cassiolis design remained on the obverse with a custom design by the host city on the reverse. Noting that Cassiolis design showed a Roman amphitheater for what originally were Greek games, Winter Olympics medals have been of more varied design

16.
Silver medal
–
The outright winner receives a gold medal and the third place a bronze medal. More generally, silver is traditionally a metal used for all types of high-quality medals. In 1896, winners medals were in fact silver, the custom of gold-silver-bronze for the first three places dates from the 1904 games and has been copied for many other sporting events. Minting the medals is the responsibility of the host city, from 1972–2000, Cassiolis design remained on the obverse with a custom design by the host city on the reverse. Noting that Cassiolis design showed a Roman amphitheatre for what was originally a Greek games, winter Olympics medals have been of more varied design. In The Open Championship golf tournament, the Silver Medal is an award presented to the lowest scoring player at the tournament. Runner-up Medal Designs for all Olympic Games

17.
Brandeis University
–
Brandeis University /ˈbrændaɪs/ is an American private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts,9 miles west of Boston. Founded in 1948 as a non-sectarian, coeducational institution sponsored by the Jewish community, the university is named after Louis Brandeis, the first Jewish Justice of the U. S Supreme Court. In 2015, it had an enrollment of 5,532 students on its suburban campus spanning over 235 acres. The institution offers more than 43 majors and 46 minors, the university has a strong liberal arts focus and a quarter of its students come from outside the United States. Brandeis was tied for 34th among national universities in the United States in the U. S. News & World Report rankings, Forbes listed Brandeis as 36th nationally for research and 37th for entrepreneurship. Times ranks it 185th globally while USA Today ranks it among the top 10 in the country for economics, the university is also home to the Heller School, ranked as one of the top 10 policy schools in the United States. Middlesex University was a school located in Waltham, Massachusetts. The founder, Dr. John Hall Smith, died in 1944, Smiths will stipulated that the school should go to any group willing to use it to establish a non-sectarian university. Within two years, Middlesex University was on the brink of financial collapse, ruggles Smith, was desperate for a way to save something of Middlesex University. He learned of a New York committee headed by Dr. Israel Goldstein that was seeking a campus to establish a Jewish-sponsored secular university. Goldstein agreed to accept Smiths offer, proceeding to recruit George Alpert, Alpert had worked his way through Boston University School of Law and co-founded the firm of Alpert and Alpert. Alperts firm had an association with the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. He was influential in Bostons Jewish community and his Judaism tended to be social rather than spiritual. He was involved in assisting children displaced from Germany, Alpert was to be chairman of Brandeis from 1946 to 1954, and a trustee from 1946 until his death. By February 5,1946, Goldstein had recruited Albert Einstein, Einstein believed the university would attract the best young people in all fields, satisfying a real need. In March 1946, Goldstein said the foundation had raised ten-million dollars that it would use to open the school by the following year, the foundation purchased Middlesex Universitys land and buildings for two-million dollars. The charter of this operation was transferred to the Foundation along with the campus, the founding organization was announced in August and named The Albert Einstein Foundation for Higher Learning, Inc. The new school would be a Jewish-sponsored secular university open to students and faculty of all races and religions

19.
Eileen Farrell
–
Eileen Farrell was an American soprano who had a nearly 60-year-long career performing both classical and popular music in concerts, theatres, on radio and television, and on disc. While she was active as a singer, her concert engagements far outnumbered her theatrical appearances. Her career was based in the United States, although she did perform internationally. And described as having a voice like some unparalleled phenomenon of nature and she is to singers what Niagara is to waterfalls. Farrell began her career in 1940 as a member of the CBS Chorus on CBS Radio, in 1941 CBS Radio offered Farrell her own program, Eileen Farrell Sings, on which she performed both classical and popular music for 5 years. In 1947 she launched her career as a soprano and nine years later began performing on the opera stage. The pinnacle of her career was five seasons performing at the Metropolitan Opera from 1960–1966. She continued to perform and record both classical and popular throughout her career, and is credited for releasing the first successful crossover album. After announcing her retirement from performance in 1986, she continued to perform. She was also active as a teacher, both privately and for nine years at Indiana University. Farrell was born in Willimantic, Connecticut, the youngest of three born to Irish American Catholics Michael Farrell and Catherine Farrell. Her parents were singers who had performed under the name The Singing OFarrells prior to having children. The family moved frequently during Farrells childhood to various towns in Connecticut. Eileens first clear memories were of her familys home in Storrs, Connecticut which was where her parents were working as teachers of music, when Farrell was five years old her family moved back to Willimantic. After attending first grade there, her family moved again to Norwich. The family remained in Norwich for almost the next 10 years with Farrell completing her Freshman year of school at Norwich Free Academy in 1935. The family then moved to Woonsocket, Rhode Island and Farrell entered Woonsocket High School in Fall 1936 and she graduated from the school in 1939. Farrell received her vocal training from her parents during her childhood

20.
Ruth Hussey
–
Ruth Carol Hussey was an American actress best known for her Academy Award-nominated role as photographer Elizabeth Imbrie in The Philadelphia Story. Hussey was born in Providence, Rhode Island, October 30,1911 and she was also known as Ruth Carol ORourke. Her father, George R. Hussey, died of the Spanish flu in 1918 when she was seven years old, ten years later, her mother married a family friend, William ORourke, who had worked at the familys mail-order silver enterprise. Following graduation from the Providence public schools, she went on to art at Pembroke College. She never landed a role in any of the plays for which she tried out at Pembroke and she then received a degree in theatre from the University of Michigan School of Drama, and worked as an actress with a summer stock company in Michigan for two seasons. She also attended Boston Business College and Michigan School of Drama, after working as an actress in summer stock, she returned to Providence and worked as a radio fashion commentator on a local station. She wrote the ad copy for a Providence clothing store and read it on the radio each afternoon and she was encouraged by a friend to try out for acting roles at the Providence Playhouse. The theater director there turned her down, saying the roles were cast only out of New York City. Later that week, she journeyed to New York City and on her first day there, in New York City, she also worked for a time as a model. She then landed a number of roles with touring companies. Dead End toured the country in 1937 and the last theater on the trip was at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles. MGM signed her to a contract and she made her film debut in 1937. She quickly became a lady in MGMs B unit, usually playing sophisticated. In 1941, exhibitors voted her the third-most popular new star in Hollywood, Hussey also worked with Robert Taylor in Flight Command, Robert Young in H. M. Pulham, Esq. Van Heflin in Tennessee Johnson, Ray Milland in The Uninvited, in 1946, she starred on Broadway in the Pulitzer Prize-winning play State of the Union. Her 1949 role in Goodbye, My Fancy on Broadway caused a Billboard reviewer to write, Miss Hussey brings a splendid aliveness and warmth to the lovely congresswoman. She filled in for Jean Arthur in the 1955 Lux Radio Theater presentation of Shane, playing Miriam Start, alongside original film stars Alan Ladd, in 1960, she co-starred in The Facts of Life with Bob Hope. Hussey was also active in television drama

21.
Ruth Buzzi
–
Ruth Ann Buzzi is an American actress, comedian and singer. She has appeared onstage, as well as in films and television and she is best known for her performances on the comedy-variety show Rowan & Martins Laugh-In from 1968–73, for which she won a Golden Globe Award and received five Emmy nominations. Buzzi was born at Westerly Hospital, Westerly, Rhode Island, the daughter of Rena Pauline and Angelo Peter Buzzi and her father was born in Arzo, Switzerland, in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino, a few miles from the Italian border. He was asked to work on the carving of the Presidents on Mount Rushmore but declined and her mother was born in the United States to immigrants from northern Italy. Buzzi attended Stonington High School, where she was head cheerleader, at 17, she enrolled at the Pasadena Playhouse for the Performing Arts and graduated with honors. She studied voice, dance, and acting, and took courses in cosmetology in case acting didnt work out, before graduation from college, Buzzi was already a working actress with a union card in musical and comedy revues. She moved to New York City after graduation and was hired immediately for a role in an off-Broadway musical revue. Buzzi performed in New York musical variety shows, and she made television commercials. Her first national recognition on television came on The Garry Moore Show in 1964, Buzzi saw her first taste of national fame as Shagundala the Silent, a bumbling magicians assistant to her comedy partner Dom DeLuise who played Dominic the Great. Buzzi was a member of the repertory company on the CBS variety show The Entertainers. In 1966–67, Buzzi appeared in Sweet Charity, with Fosses wife Gwen Verdon in the original cast and she had several small roles, one of them the Singing Fairy. In the late 1960s, Ruth Buzzi appeared in episode of The Steve Allen Show. Her character parts in the Allen sketches led her to be cast for NBCs new show Rowan and she was the only featured player to appear in every episode of Laugh-In including the pilot for the show and the Laugh-In television special. A versatile comedian and accomplished singer, Buzzi played everything from old women to tipsy drunks. Her most famous character was dowdy spinster Gladys Ormphby, clad in brown with her bun hairdo covered by a visible hairnet knotted in the middle of her forehead. Buzzi first used this look when she played Agnes Gooch in a production of Auntie Mame. In most sketches, she used her lethal purse, with which she would flail away vigorously at anyone who incurred her wrath, on Laugh-In, Gladys most often appeared as the unwilling object of the advances of Arte Johnsons dirty old man character Tyrone F. Horneigh. In a typical exchange, Tyrone accosts Gladys and asks, Do you believe in the hereafter, delighted, Tyrone shoots back, Then you know what Im here after

22.
Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones
–
Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones, known as Sissieretta Jones, was an African-American soprano. She sometimes was called The Black Patti in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti, Jones repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music. Matilda Sissieretta Joyner was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, to Jeremiah Malachi Joyner, an African Methodist Episcopal minister, by 1876 her family moved to Providence, Rhode Island, where she began singing at an early age in her fathers Pond Street Baptist Church. In 1883, Joyner began the study of music at the Providence Academy of Music. The same year she married David Richard Jones, a news dealer, in the late 1880s, Jones was accepted at the New England Conservatory of Music. On October 29,1885, Jones gave a performance in Providence as an opening act to a production of Richard III put on by John A. Arneauxs theatre troupe. In 1887, she performed at Bostons Music Hall before an audience of 5,000, Jones made her New York debut on April 5,1888, at Steinway Hall. During a performance at Wallacks Theater in New York, Jones came to the attention of Adelina Pattis manager, Jones made successful tours of the Caribbean in 1888 and 1892. In February 1892, Jones performed at the White House for President Benjamin Harrison and she eventually sang for four consecutive presidents — Harrison, Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and Theodore Roosevelt — and the British royal family. Jones performed at the Grand Negro Jubilee at New Yorks Madison Square Garden in April 1892 before an audience of 75,000 and she sang the song Swanee River and selections from La traviata. She was so popular that she was invited to perform at the Pittsburgh Exposition, in June 1892, Jones became the first African-American to sing at the Music Hall in New York. Among the selections in her program were Charles Gounods Ave Maria, the New York Echo wrote of her performance at the Music Hall, If Mme Jones is not the equal of Adelina Patti, she at least can come nearer it than anything the American public has heard. Her notes are as clear as a mockingbirds and her annunciation perfect, Pond, who had meaningful affiliations to many authors and musicians. The company Troubadours made an important statement about the capabilities of black performers, in 1893, Jones met composer Antonín Dvořák, and in January 1894 she performed parts of his Symphony No.9 at Madison Square Garden. Dvořák wrote a part for Jones. Besides the United States and the West Indies, Jones toured in South America, Australia, India, during a European tour in 1895 and 1896, Jones performed in London, Paris, Berlin, Cologne, Munich, Milan, and Saint Petersburg. In 1896, Jones returned to Providence to care for her mother, Jones found that access to most American classical concert halls was limited by racism. She formed the Black Patti Troubadours, a musical and acrobatic act made up of 40 jugglers, comedians, dancers, not only is the solo singing of the highest order, but the choruses are rendered with a spirit and musical finish which never fail to excite genuine enthusiasm

23.
Ade Bethune
–
Ade Bethune was a Catholic liturgical artist. She was associated with the Catholic Worker Movement, and designed an early masthead of its publication and she later re-designed this in 1985, replacing one of the men with a woman. Bethune was an advocate of traditional iconography and she is buried at Portsmouth Abbey, Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Bethune was born Adélaide de Bethune, Baroness, to a noble Belgian family and her parents, Gaston and Marthe, emigrated with the family after World War I. Her mother Marthe was daughter of Viscount Terlinden, Ade volunteered her illustrations to improve the quality of the Catholic Worker when she was a nineteen-year-old art student, impressed with the work of Dorothy Day. This was preparation for her illustration for Catholic liturgical works such as My Sunday Missal in 1937. Bethune also worked closely with Graham Carey and with the Catholic Art Association, beginning in the 1960s, she was the artistic director of the Terra Sancta Guild, a commercial firm that produced religious art works for many Christian denominations. Ade was interested in the Catholic Worker Movements work with hospitality for the poor when she was an art student and she continued this interest throughout her life, and became interested in the issue of providing housing for the elderly, particularly the poor elderly. In 1969, she founded the Church Community Housing Corporation in Newport County, Rhode Island, to design and build housing. In 1991 she founded Star of the Sea to renovate a former Carmelite convent into a community and state of the art housing for the elderly. Ade Bethune, Catholic Worker artist Information from the Catholic Worker The Ade Bethune Collection The long loneliness, the autobiography of Dorothy Day, illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg

24.
Mary Dyer
–
She is one of the four executed Quakers known as the Boston martyrs. While the place of her birth is not known, she was married in London in 1633 to the milliner William Dyer, Mary and William were Puritans who were interested in reforming the Anglican Church from within, without separating from it. As the English king increased pressure on the Puritans, they left England by the thousands to go to New England in the early 1630s, Mary and William arrived in Boston by 1635, joining the Boston Church in December of that year. Like most members of Bostons church, they became involved in the Antinomian Controversy. Subsequently, they left Massachusetts with many others to establish a new colony on Aquidneck Island in Narraganset Bay, before leaving Boston, Mary had given birth to a severely deformed infant that was stillborn. Because of the implications of such a birth, the baby was buried secretly. Because Quakers were considered among the most heinous of heretics by the Puritans, when Dyer returned to Boston from England, she was immediately imprisoned, and then banished. Defying her order of banishment, she was banished, this time upon pain of death. Not accepting the reprieve, she returned to Boston the following year. Details of the life of Mary Dyer in England are scarce, only her marriage record, in both of these English records her name is given as Marie Barret. A tradition that Dyer was the daughter of Lady Arbella Stuart, however, Moriarty correctly predicted that despite his work the legend would persist, and in 1994 the tradition was included as being plausible in a published biography of Dyer. While the parents of Mary Dyer have not been identified, Johan Winsser made a significant discovery concerning a brother of Dyer, on 18 January 1633/4 a probate administration was recorded in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury for a William Barret. The instrument granted administration of Barrets estate jointly to William Dyer of St Martin-in-the-Fields, fishmonger, the other facts that could be drawn from the instrument are that William Barrett was unmarried and that he died somewhere beyond the seas from England. That Mary was well educated is apparent from letters that she wrote. Quaker chronicler George Bishop described her as a Comely Grave Woman, and of a goodly Personage, and one of a good Report, having a husband of an Estate, fearing the Lord, and a Mother of Children. Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop described her as being a proper and fair woman. of a very proud spirit. Mary was married to William Dyer, a fishmonger and milliner, on 27 October 1633 at the parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields, which at the time was in Westminster, Middlesex, Marys husband was baptized in Lincolnshire, England. Mary and William Dyer were Puritans, as evidenced by their acceptance into the membership of the Boston church in New England, the Puritans wanted to complete the separation of the Anglican church from Catholicism that had begun under the rule of the English monarch Henry VIII

25.
Anne Hutchinson
–
Anne Hutchinson was a Puritan spiritual adviser, mother of 15, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy which shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. She was eventually tried and convicted, then banished from the colony with many of her supporters. Hutchinson was born in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, the daughter of Francis Marbury and she lived in London as a young adult, and there married her old friend from home William Hutchinson. The couple moved back to Alford where they began following dynamic preacher John Cotton in the port of Boston. Cotton was compelled to emigrate in 1633, and the Hutchinsons followed a year later with their 11 children, Anne was a midwife and very helpful to those needing her assistance, as well as forthcoming with her personal religious understandings. Soon she was hosting women at her weekly, providing commentary on recent sermons. These meetings became so popular that she began offering meetings for men as well, as a follower of Cotton, she espoused a covenant of grace, while accusing all of the local ministers of preaching a covenant of works. This was followed by a March 1638 church trial in which she was excommunicated, after her husbands death a few years later, threats of Massachusetts taking over Rhode Island compelled Hutchinson to move totally outside the reach of Boston into the lands of the Dutch. Tensions were high at the time with the Siwanoy Indian tribe, in August 1643, Hutchinson, six of her children, and other household members were massacred by Siwanoys during Kiefts War. The only survivor was her nine year-old daughter Susanna, who was taken captive, Hutchinson is a key figure in the development of religious freedom in Englands American colonies and the history of women in ministry, challenging the authority of the ministers. She is honored by Massachusetts with a State House monument calling her a courageous exponent of civil liberty and she has been called the most famous—or infamous—English woman in colonial American history. Anne Hutchinson was born Anne Marbury in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, and baptised there on 20 July 1591 and her father was an Anglican cleric in London with strong Puritan leanings, who felt strongly that clergy should be well educated and clashed with his superiors on this issue. Marburys repeated challenges to the Anglican authorities led to his censure, in 1578, he was given a public trial, of which he made a transcript from memory during a period of house arrest. He later used this transcript to educate and amuse his children, he being the hero, for his conviction of heresy, Marbury spent two years in Marshalsea Prison on the south side of the River Thames across from London. In 1580, at the age of 25, he was released and was considered sufficiently reformed to preach and teach and he moved to the remote market town of Alford in Lincolnshire, about 140 miles north of London. About this time, Marbury married his first wife Elizabeth Moore, within a year of his first wifes death, Marbury married Bridget Dryden, about ten years younger than he and from a prominent Northampton family. Bridgets brother Erasmus was the grandfather of John Dryden, the famous playwright, Anne was the third of 15 children born to this marriage,12 of whom survived early childhood. Education at that time was almost exclusively offered to boys and men, One possible reason why Marbury taught his daughters may have been that six of his first seven children were girls

Warwick, Rhode Island
–
Warwick is a city in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States. It is the second largest city in the state, with a population of 82,672 at the 2010 census, the city of Warwick and T. F. Green Airport are located approximately 12 miles south of downtown Providence,63 miles southwest of Boston, Massachusetts and its mayor has been Scott Avedisian sinc

1.
Warwick City Hall

2.
The Knight Campus building of the Community College of Rhode Island

3.
Islands

Rhode Island
–
Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the eighth least populous, and its official name is also the longest of any state in the Union. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusett

1.
Verrazzano Monument, Providence, Rhode Island.

2.
Flag

3.
Terrain Map of Rhode Island

4.
Shoreline in Newport, Rhode Island

United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean,

1.
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764

2.
Flag

3.
The signing of the Mayflower Compact, 1620.

4.
The Declaration of Independence: the Committee of Five presenting their draft to the Second Continental Congress in 1776

Position (ice hockey)
–
Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey i

1.
The San Jose Sharks (teal) attempt to prevent the Anaheim Ducks (white) from scoring a goal during the 2007–08 NHL season.

Goaltender
–
In ice hockey, the goaltender is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their teams net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease, goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of sho

1.
Finnish goaltender Sinuhe Wallinheimo playing for an SM-liiga team JYP Jyväskylä in 2007.

2.
Elizabeth Wyn Wood 's Bas-relief of a goaltender at Ryerson University in Toronto

3.
A delayed penalty call situation, in which the referee (top-left) indicates a coming penalty by raising his arm, and prepares to blow the whistle when a player from the team to be penalized (in white) touches the puck. Goaltender Jere Myllyniemi can be seen (right) rushing to the bench to send on an extra attacker.

Glove (ice hockey)
–
There are three styles of gloves worn by ice hockey players. Skaters wear similar gloves on each hand, while goaltenders wear gloves of different types on each hand, skaters gloves help prevent the hands getting bruised and battered and stops them from getting burned from the ice. The top padding and shell thumb is designed to protect the player fr

1.
A player's gloved hands.

Providence Friars women's ice hockey
–
The Providence Friars womens ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I college ice hockey program that represents the Providence College. The Friars are a member of Hockey East and they play at the 3, 030-seat Schneider Arena in Providence, Rhode Island. In the 1978-79 season, the Friars would hold the distinction of

1.
Providence Friars women's ice hockey

United States men's national ice hockey team
–
The United States mens national ice hockey team is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, with its U18 and U17 development program in Plymouth, Michigan. The team is controlled by USA Hockey, the body for amateur. The US team is ranked 4th in the IIHF World Rankings, the current head coach is John Tortorella. The United States won gold medals at the

1.
USA Hockey

Ice hockey
–
Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey i

1.
The San Jose Sharks (teal) attempt to prevent the Anaheim Ducks (white) from scoring a goal during the 2007–08 NHL season.

Olympic Games
–
The Olympic Games are considered the worlds foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, Baron Pierre de Coubertin f

1.
Stadium in Olympia, Greece.

2.
Baron Pierre de Coubertin

3.
A postage stamp from the first Greek Olympic stamp set.

4.
The opening ceremony in the Panathinaiko Stadium.

1998 Winter Olympics
–
The 1998 Winter Olympics, officially the XVIII Olympic Winter Games, was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 in Nagano, Japan. 72 nations and 2,176 participants contested in 7 sports and 68 events at 15 venues, the Games saw the introduction of womens ice hockey, curling and snowboarding. National Hockey League players

1.
The silver, gold and bronze medals

2.
The emblem represents a flower, with each petal representing an athlete practicing a different winter sport. It can also be seen as a snowflake, thus the name "Snowflower" was given to it.

2002 Winter Olympics
–
Approximately 2,400 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout 165 sporting sessions. The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games, and the 2002 Winter Olympi

1.
Salt Lake City during the 2002 Winter Olympics.

2.
The emblem combines a snow crystal and a sun rising over a mountain. The yellow, orange, and blue colors represent the varied Utah landscape.

3.
Countdown clock used for the games in the shape of an arrowhead.

4.
U.S. Bobsled Team makes their way down the track at Utah Olympic Park during the men's two-man bobsled event at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games.

Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics
–
Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at the E Center in West Valley City and Peaks Ice Arena in Provo, Utah. Both the mens and womens tournaments were won by Canada, defeating the host United States in both games, the mens tournament marked the second Olympic Games where the National Hockey League took a break to allow all its players th

1.
Ice Hockey at the E Center in West Valley City

2.
The Men's Canadian Hockey Team after a game against the Czech Republic at the 2002 Winter Olympics

3.
The United States and Finland competing at the 2002 Winter Olympics

Toll Gate High School
–
Toll Gate High School is a public high school in Warwick, Rhode Island on Centerville Road. It serves education to grades 9-12 and has approximately 1100 students and 97 teachers, the current timeblock for a school day is 7, 24am–1, 51pm. The school opened in 1972 with Robert J. Shapiro as the first principal, the schools cultural arts center was d

1.
The Robert J. Shapiro Arts Center at TGHS

Gold medal
–
A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture, others offer only the prestige of the award. Many organizations now award gold medals either annually or extraordinarily, including UNESCO, while some gold m

1.
The gold, silver and bronze medals of the 1964 Olympic Winter Games (Olympic Museum).

2.
A medal on a ribbon designed to be worn around the winner's neck.

3.
At the 1896 Summer Olympics, the winners received a silver medal. Since 1904, the winners receive a gold medal, the second-place finishers receive a silver medal and the third-place finishers receive a bronze medal.

Silver medal
–
The outright winner receives a gold medal and the third place a bronze medal. More generally, silver is traditionally a metal used for all types of high-quality medals. In 1896, winners medals were in fact silver, the custom of gold-silver-bronze for the first three places dates from the 1904 games and has been copied for many other sporting events

1.
The 1896 Olympic Silver Medal

Brandeis University
–
Brandeis University /ˈbrændaɪs/ is an American private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts,9 miles west of Boston. Founded in 1948 as a non-sectarian, coeducational institution sponsored by the Jewish community, the university is named after Louis Brandeis, the first Jewish Justice of the U. S Supreme Court. In 2015, it had an enrollment

Eileen Farrell
–
Eileen Farrell was an American soprano who had a nearly 60-year-long career performing both classical and popular music in concerts, theatres, on radio and television, and on disc. While she was active as a singer, her concert engagements far outnumbered her theatrical appearances. Her career was based in the United States, although she did perform

1.
Eileen Farrell

Ruth Hussey
–
Ruth Carol Hussey was an American actress best known for her Academy Award-nominated role as photographer Elizabeth Imbrie in The Philadelphia Story. Hussey was born in Providence, Rhode Island, October 30,1911 and she was also known as Ruth Carol ORourke. Her father, George R. Hussey, died of the Spanish flu in 1918 when she was seven years old, t

1.
Hussey in 1945

2.
This article is about the American actress. For the British doctor, see Ruth Hussey (doctor).

1.
US Women 4×100m team at the 1928 Olympics, Osipowich is third from left

Ruth Buzzi
–
Ruth Ann Buzzi is an American actress, comedian and singer. She has appeared onstage, as well as in films and television and she is best known for her performances on the comedy-variety show Rowan & Martins Laugh-In from 1968–73, for which she won a Golden Globe Award and received five Emmy nominations. Buzzi was born at Westerly Hospital, Westerly

1.
Ruth Buzzi, May 2008

Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones
–
Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones, known as Sissieretta Jones, was an African-American soprano. She sometimes was called The Black Patti in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti, Jones repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music. Matilda Sissieretta Joyner was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, to Jeremiah Mal

1.
Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones

2.
Jones in an 1889 poster

3.
1898 newspaper advertisement for the Black Patti Troubadours

Ade Bethune
–
Ade Bethune was a Catholic liturgical artist. She was associated with the Catholic Worker Movement, and designed an early masthead of its publication and she later re-designed this in 1985, replacing one of the men with a woman. Bethune was an advocate of traditional iconography and she is buried at Portsmouth Abbey, Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Bethu

1.
Ade Bethune

Mary Dyer
–
She is one of the four executed Quakers known as the Boston martyrs. While the place of her birth is not known, she was married in London in 1633 to the milliner William Dyer, Mary and William were Puritans who were interested in reforming the Anglican Church from within, without separating from it. As the English king increased pressure on the Pur

1.
Dyer being led to the gallows in Boston in 1660

2.
Map showing St Martin-in-the-Fields, circa 1562, where Mary and William Dyer were married in 1633

3.
Anne Hutchinson, who was tried for slandering the ministers, was a friend and mentor of the much younger Mary Dyer

4.
By signing the petition in support of Reverend John Wheelwright (shown here), William Dyer was disarmed.

Anne Hutchinson
–
Anne Hutchinson was a Puritan spiritual adviser, mother of 15, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy which shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. She was eventually tried and convicted, then banished from the colony with many of her supporters. Hutchinson was born in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, the daug

1.
Anne Hutchinson on Trial by Edwin Austin Abbey

2.
Marshalsea Prison, London, where Hutchinson's father was detained for two years for "heresy"

3.
Reverend John Cotton was Hutchinson's mentor, and her reason for immigrating to New England.

4.
Reverend John Wheelwright was an ally of Hutchinson during the Antinomian Controversy, and both were banished.

3.
Seven of the American League's 1937 All-Star players, from left to right Lou Gehrig, Joe Cronin, Bill Dickey, Joe DiMaggio, Charlie Gehringer, Jimmie Foxx, and Hank Greenberg. All seven would be elected to the Hall of Fame.