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Additional resources for Assessment in Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy

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In fact, psychometricians such as Crocker and Algina (1986), Nunnally (1978), and the authors of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (1 985) do not recognize face validity as a form of scale validation. Therefore, if face "validity" is to be used , it would. be more appropriately placed under instrument development procedures. ) In terms of construct validity of the FIM for our in­ tended purpose, we wanted to see whether the FIM scores can discriminate those with low levels of functional independence from those with high levels of indepen­ dence .

Peer review, coobservations) something out of the ordinary with the patient can alter his or her behavior. The simple act of using an observational form to check off behavior that has been routinely per­ formed previously may cause a change in the behavior to be observed. To reduce the effects of the presence of the observer, data should not be gathered for the first few minutes when the observer enters the area or room where the observation is to take place. In some situations, it might take several visits by the obseiver before the behavior of the individual or group resumes to its "normal" level.

The framework proVided by Benson and Hagtvet for conducting construct validity studies indicates the true meaning of validity being a process. That is, no one study can confirm or disconfirm the presence of a construct, but a series of studies that clearly articulates the domain of the construct, how the items for a scale that purports to meas­ ure the construct fit together, and how the construct can be separated from other constructs begins to form the basis of the evidence needed for construct validation.