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"Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) is a widespread species of Pacific salmon, spawning and rearing in rivers and streams around the Pacific Rim from Monterey Bay in California north to Point Hope, Alaska, through the Aleutians, and from the Anadyr River in Russia south to Korea and northern Hokkaido, Japan (Godfrey et al. 1975, Laufle et al. 1986). From central British Columbia south, the vast majority of coho salmon adults return to spawn as 3-year-olds, having spent approximately 18 months in freshwater and 18 months in saltwater (Gilbert 1912, Pritchard 1940, Sandercock 1991). The primary exceptions to this pattern are jacks, sexually mature males that return to freshwater to spawn after only 5 to 7 months in the ocean. West Coast coho salmon smolts typically leave freshwater in the spring (April to June) and when sexually mature reenter freshwater from September to November and spawn from November to December and occasionally into January (Sandercock 1991). Coho salmon spawning habitat consists of small streams with stable gravels. Summer and winter freshwater habitats most preferred by young salmon consist of quiet areas with low flow, such as backwater pools, beaver (Castor canadensis) ponds, dam pools, and side channels (Reeves et al. 1989)"--Introduction, paragraph 1.

"This report summarizes evidence relevant to evaluating the petitioned action and establishing an appropriate southern boundary for the CCC Coho Salmon ESU. Evidence considered includes that presented by the petitioner, NMFS, and the scientific publi...

Many West Coast salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus spp.) stocks have declined substantially from their historic numbers and now are at a fraction of their historical abundance. There are several factors that contribute to these declines, including ov...