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Abstract:

In an exemplary embodiment, there is an auxiliary antenna device for a
handheld radio communication device including ground plane means
extending in a main direction and a main antenna device having an antenna
element operatively coupled to the ground plane means and configured for
reception of signals at a selected frequency and polarized essentially in
the main direction. The auxiliary antenna device includes a balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement, an amplifier, and an output
port. The balanced or self-balanced antenna element arrangement is
configured for reception of signals at the selected frequency and
polarized in a direction essentially orthogonal to the main direction.
The amplifier is operatively connected to the balanced or self-balanced
antenna element arrangement and configured for amplification of signals
received by the balanced or self-balanced antenna element arrangement.
The output port is operatively connected to the amplifier and configured
to output signals amplified by the amplifier.

Claims:

1. An auxiliary antenna device for a handheld radio communication device
including ground plane means extending in a main direction and a main
antenna device having an antenna element operatively coupled to the
ground plane means and configured for reception of signals at a selected
frequency and polarized essentially in the main direction, the auxiliary
antenna device comprising: a balanced or self-balanced antenna element
arrangement configured for reception of signals at the selected frequency
and polarized in a direction essentially orthogonal to the main
direction; an amplifier operatively connected to the balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement and configured for
amplification of signals received by the balanced or self-balanced
antenna element arrangement; and an output port operatively connected to
the amplifier and configured to output signals amplified by the
amplifier.

4. The auxiliary antenna device of claim 1, wherein the balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement extends essentially in the
direction essentially orthogonal to the main direction.

5. The auxiliary antenna device of claim 1, wherein the balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement is a loop or folded dipole with
two ends connected to the amplifier.

6. The auxiliary antenna device of claim 1, wherein the balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement is a loop or folded dipole with
one end connected to the amplifier and the other end connected to the
ground plane means.

7. The auxiliary antenna device of claim 1, wherein the balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement is a dipole with two antenna
elements connected to the amplifier.

8. The auxiliary antenna device of claim 1, wherein the balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement is a dipole with two antenna
elements, one of the two antenna elements connected to the amplifier and
the other one of the two antenna elements connected to the ground plane
means.

9. The auxiliary antenna device of claim 1, wherein the amplifier is a
differential preamplifier.

11. An antenna set for a handheld radio communication device comprising
the auxiliary antenna device of claim 1 and a main antenna device
including an antenna element configured for reception of signals at the
selected frequency and polarized essentially in the main direction.

12. The antenna set of claim 11, wherein the antenna element of the main
antenna device is an unbalanced antenna element and/or a monopole antenna
element.

13. A handheld radio communication device comprising the antenna set of
claim 11, ground plane means extending in the main direction, and a radio
receiver operatively connected to the output port for receiving signals
amplified by the amplifier, wherein the antenna element of the main
antenna device is operatively coupled to the ground plane means.

14. The handheld radio communication device of claim 13, wherein: the
ground plane means comprises a main printed circuit board (PCB); the main
antenna device is located at a lower end of the main PCB when the
handheld communication device is held in an upright position such that
the main direction is essentially vertical; and the auxiliary antenna
device is located at an upper end of the main PCB when the handheld
communication device is held in the upright position.

15. The handheld radio communication device of claim 13, comprising: a
GPS receiver and means for operatively connecting the auxiliary antenna
device to the GPS receiver to thereby receive GPS signals via the
auxiliary antenna device; and/or an FM receiver and means for operatively
connecting the auxiliary antenna device to the FM receiver to thereby
receive FM signals via the auxiliary antenna device.

16. An antenna set for a handheld radio communication device, the antenna
set comprising: a main antenna device including an antenna element
operatively coupled to ground plane means extending in a main direction,
the antenna element configured for reception of signals at a selected
frequency and polarized essentially in the main direction; and an
auxiliary antenna device including: a balanced or self-balanced antenna
element arrangement configured for reception of signals at the selected
frequency and polarized in a direction essentially orthogonal to the main
direction; an amplifier operatively connected to the balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement and configured for
amplification of signals received by the balanced or self-balanced
antenna element arrangement; and an output port operatively connected to
the amplifier and configured to output signals amplified by the
amplifier.

17. The antenna set of claim 16, wherein: the selected frequency is below
1 Gigahertz (GHz) and/or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) frequency; the
balanced or self-balanced antenna element arrangement extends essentially
in the direction essentially orthogonal to the main direction; the
balanced or self-balanced antenna element arrangement is a loop, folded
dipole, or dipole; and the antenna element of the main antenna device is
an unbalanced antenna element and/or a monopole antenna element.

18. A handheld radio communication device comprising the antenna set of
claim 16, a main printed circuit board, and a radio receiver operatively
connected to the output port for receiving signals amplified by the
amplifier, wherein: the ground plane means comprises the main printed
circuit board (PCB); and the antenna element of the main antenna device
is operatively coupled to the main PCB.

19. A handheld radio communication device comprising: ground plane means
extending in a main direction; a radio receiver; a main antenna device
including an antenna element operatively coupled to the ground plane
means, the antenna element configured for reception of signals at a
selected frequency and polarized essentially in the main direction; and
an auxiliary antenna device including: a balanced or self-balanced
antenna element arrangement configured for reception of signals at the
selected frequency and polarized in a direction essentially orthogonal to
the main direction; an amplifier operatively connected to the balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement and configured for
amplification of signals received by the balanced or self-balanced
antenna element arrangement; and an output port operatively connected to
the amplifier and the radio receiver, the output port configured to
output signals amplified by the amplifier to the receiver.

20. The handheld radio communication device of claim 18, wherein: the
ground plane means comprises a main printed circuit board (PCB); the main
antenna device is located at a lower end of the main PCB when the
handheld communication device is held in an upright position such that
the main direction is essentially vertical; and the auxiliary antenna
device is located at an upper end of the main PCB when the handheld
communication device is held in the upright position.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application is a continuation of PCT International Patent
Application No. PCT/EP2010/061088 filed Jul. 30, 2010, published as WO
2012/013240 on Feb. 2, 2012. The entire disclosure of the above
application is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of radio
communications and particularly to auxiliary antenna devices for use in
handheld radio communication devices, as well as to antenna sets and
handheld radio communication devices comprising main and auxiliary
antenna devices.

BACKGROUND

[0003] This section provides background information related to the present
disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.

[0004] Mobile communication at high data rates demands the introduction of
advanced radio communication link systems or equipment that better comply
to the nature of radio wave propagation properties of wireless channels
than communication at lower rates. One way to solve this is to introduce
two or more antennas at either or both of the receiver and transmitter
ends of a communication network. Antennas applied for these types of
solutions are often termed MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) or MISO
(Multiple Input Single Output) antennas. The configuration of such
antennas has to offer some degree of independence, i.e., isolation, or
un-correlation between the antennas. This is normally accomplished by
physical separation of the antennas.

SUMMARY

[0005] This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is
not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.

[0006] Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of auxiliary antenna devices
for use in handheld radio communication devices. Exemplary embodiments
are also disclosed of antenna sets comprising main and auxiliary antenna
devices and handheld radio communication devices comprising such antenna
sets.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, there is an auxiliary antenna device
for a handheld radio communication device including ground plane means
extending in a main direction and a main antenna device having an antenna
element operatively coupled to the ground plane means and configured for
reception of signals at a selected frequency and polarized essentially in
the main direction. The auxiliary antenna device includes a balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement, an amplifier, and an output
port. The balanced or self-balanced antenna element arrangement is
configured for reception of signals at the selected frequency and
polarized in a direction essentially orthogonal to the main direction.
The amplifier is operatively connected to the balanced or self-balanced
antenna element arrangement and configured for amplification of signals
received by the balanced or self-balanced antenna element arrangement.
The output port is operatively connected to the amplifier and configured
to output signals amplified by the amplifier to a radio receiver of the
handheld radio communication device.

[0008] Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the
description provided herein. The description and specific examples in
this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not
intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

DRAWINGS

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates, schematically, a main PCB of a handheld radio
communication device, a main antenna device, and an auxiliary antenna
device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0010]FIG. 2 illustrates, schematically, a main PCB of a handheld radio
communication device, a main antenna device, and an auxiliary antenna
device according to another exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference
to the accompanying drawings.

[0012] Physical separation of antennas is hard to implement for smaller
sized handheld radio communication devices, such as cellular phone
handsets, particularly at lower frequencies such as at the LTE (Long Term
Evolution) frequencies below 1 GHz. For many reasons, it is desirable to
place the antennas of these devices inside the casing. This means that it
is very difficult to provide a diversity solution in such a handheld
communication device that has an acceptable isolation. An additional
antenna will also occupy additional space in the device, which may be
hard to provide because of the many other elements that it is desirable
to provide in a smaller sized handheld radio communication device.

[0013] It is therefore desirable to provide an antenna solution where more
than one antenna operating at the same frequency are provided in the same
area and occupy essentially the same space inside the casing of the
handheld radio communication device while still being able to operate at
the same frequency with an acceptable low correlation. It is also
desirable to provide such an antenna solution wherein all antennas have
high effective antenna efficiency and small antenna efficiency difference
between the antennas.

[0014] According to aspects of the present disclosure, exemplary
embodiments are disclosed of an auxiliary antenna device for use in a
handheld radio communication device that includes a main antenna device
operatively coupled to elongated ground plane means of the communication
device and configured for reception of signals at a selected frequency
and polarized essentially parallel with the ground plane means. The
exemplary embodiments disclosed herein may eliminate or at least
alleviate the shortcomings of prior art and may thus fulfill the needs
disclosed above. The auxiliary antenna device has good isolation and low
correlation with respect to the main antenna device. The auxiliary
antenna device has acceptable antenna efficiency and which has preferably
not more than about 3 decibels (dB) efficiency difference to the main
antenna device.

[0015] Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of an antenna set including an
auxiliary antenna device and a main antenna device as disclosed herein.
Additional exemplary embodiments include a handheld radio communication
apparatus (e.g. a cellular phone handset, etc.) comprising an antenna set
as disclosed herein.

[0016] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided
an auxiliary antenna device for a handheld radio communication device
that includes a main antenna device, preferably a monopole antenna
device. The main antenna device is coupled to elongated ground plane
means (essentially comprising a main PCB (Printed Circuit Board)) of the
communication device. The main antenna device is configured for reception
of signals at a selected frequency, preferably an LTE frequency lower
than 1 GHz, and polarized essentially parallel with the elongated ground
plane means. The auxiliary antenna device comprises a balanced or
self-balanced antenna element arrangement configured for reception of
signals at the same selected frequency as the main antenna device. But
the auxiliary antenna device is polarized in a direction essentially
orthogonal to the elongated ground plane means. The auxiliary antenna
device also comprises an amplifier operatively connected to the balanced
or self-balanced antenna element arrangement and configured for
amplification of signals received by the balanced or self-balanced
antenna element arrangement. The auxiliary antenna device further
comprises an output port operatively connected to the amplifier,
operatively connected to a radio receiver of the communication device,
and configured to output, to the radio receiver, signals amplified by the
amplifier.

[0017] Preferably, the main and auxiliary antennas are MIMO or MISO
antennas for increased data throughput, and the auxiliary antenna is
de-coupled from the elongated ground plane means by means of being a
balanced or self-balanced dipole antenna. It shall be appreciated that
the term self-balanced antenna is an antenna that does not induce
significant currents on the ground plane means, but still has an
interface that is unbalanced, i.e., the reference potential is grounded.
The simplest example is a dipole antenna wherein one leg is connected to
a positive terminal and the other leg is connected to ground instead of
to the negative terminal, whereby, the need of a balun/transformer is
avoided.

[0018] By such provisions, an antenna solution is thus obtained wherein
the antennas have high isolation/low correlation as well as small antenna
efficiency difference. The high isolation/low correlation is obtained by
having the polarizations of the main and auxiliary antennas essentially
orthogonal to one another. That is, the balanced or self-balanced antenna
element arrangement should preferably extend in a direction which is
essentially orthogonal to the elongated ground plane means. An envelope
correlation coefficient ρ of less than 0.5 is thereby obtained.

[0019] The small antenna efficiency difference η1-η2 is obtained
by the gain of the amplifier. The relatively low efficiency of the
antenna element arrangement of the auxiliary antenna device can be
recovered and modest efficiency drop of less than about 3 dB with respect
to the main antenna device can be obtained.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna element arrangement of the
auxiliary antenna device is a loop, folded dipole, or dipole with two
ends connected to the amplifier to obtain a balanced antenna. In another
exemplary embodiment, the antenna element arrangement of the auxiliary
antenna device is a loop, folded dipole, or dipole with one end connected
to the positive terminal of the amplifier and the other terminal
connected to ground to obtain a self-balanced antenna.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an antenna
set for a handheld radio communication device comprising the main and
auxiliary antenna devices as disclosed herein is provided. According to a
third aspect of the present disclosure, a handheld radio communication
device, preferably a cellular phone handset, comprising the antenna set
of the second aspect as disclosed herein.

[0022] An embodiment of an auxiliary antenna device for use in a handheld
radio communication device will now be described with reference to FIG.
1. The handheld radio communication device, which is typically a cellular
phone handset or other handheld communication device whose dimensions are
less than one wavelength of the radio communication waves, is
schematically indicated by 11 in FIG. 1. The handheld radio communication
device 11 comprises a main PCB 11a on which radio communication circuitry
including a radio receiver 11b is arranged. The PCB 11a is elongated in a
direction 13.

[0023] A main antenna device 14 is provided at a lower end of the PCB 11a
when the handheld communication device 11 is held in an upright position
such that the main direction 13 is essentially vertical. An auxiliary
antenna device 15 is provided at an upper end of the PCB 11a when the
handheld communication device 11 is held in the upright position.

[0024] The main antenna device 14 is advantageously an unbalanced antenna
device having a monopole antenna element 14a and an output port 14b. The
monopole antenna element 14a, which is preferably arranged below the PCB
11a when the handheld communication device 11 is held in the upright
position, is operatively coupled to a ground metallic layer of the PCB
11. The ground metallic layer of the PCB 11 together with conductive
parts connected thereto forms a ground plane means or ground of the
handheld communication device 11. The monopole antenna element 14a is
configured to receive signals at a selected frequency, preferably a
frequency below 1 GHz and/or an LTE frequency such as the 750 MHz
frequency for the US. Because the ground plane means mainly extends in
the main direction 13, the main antenna device 14 is configured to
receive signals polarized essentially in this direction. These signals
are output to radio communication circuitry of the PCB 11a via the output
port 14b.

[0025] The main antenna device 14 may be configured also for transmission
of signals. Alternatively, the handheld communication device 11 comprises
one or more separate or other antennas for transmission.

[0026] The auxiliary antenna device 15 comprises a balanced antenna
element 15a configured for reception of signals at the same selected
frequency. The auxiliary antenna device 15 can operate as a MIMO or SIMO
antenna device for improved data throughput. The balanced antenna element
15a is de-coupled from the ground plane means and thus induces no
currents therein. Further, the balanced antenna element 15a is configured
to receive signals polarized in a direction essentially orthogonal to the
main direction 13. This can be realized by means of the balanced antenna
element 15a extending essentially in the direction orthogonal to the main
direction 13. Because the auxiliary antenna device 15 should be kept
within the casing of the handheld communication device 11, the available
distance does not exceed the width of the handheld communication device
11, which may be 40 millimeters (mm) to 60 mm, etc. As a result, the
antenna efficiency drops to unacceptable levels.

[0027] Therefore, the auxiliary antenna device 15 comprises an amplifier
15b operatively connected to the balanced antenna element 15a. The
amplifier 15b is configured for amplification of signals received by the
balanced antenna element 15a. The amplifier 15b is preferably a low noise
differential preamplifier, such as a MESFET amplifier or a bipolar
transistor, preferably a PHEMT (Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility
Transistor) amplifier, having a noise figure NF of about 1 dB. The
amplifier 15b is galvanically/resistively connected to the balanced
antenna element 15a and is advantageously mounted on the PCB 11a of the
handheld communication device 11.

[0028] Further, the auxiliary antenna device 15 comprises an output port
15c operatively connected to the amplifier 15b and the radio receiver 11b
of the handheld communication device 11. The output port 15c is
configured to output signals amplified by the amplifier 15b to the radio
receiver 11b.

[0029] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the balanced antenna
element 15a is a loop or folded dipole with two ends connected to the
positive and negative terminals of the amplifier 15b. Alternatively, the
balanced antenna element 15a can be exchanged for a balanced antenna
element arrangement in the form of a dipole with two antenna elements
connected to the amplifier.

[0030] Yet alternatively, the balanced antenna element 15a of FIG. 1 may
be exchanged for a self-balanced antenna element arrangement. The term
self-balanced antenna element arrangement is in the present context
intended to describe an antenna element arrangement that does not induce
significant currents on the ground plane means, but has still an
interface that is unbalanced, i.e. the reference potential is grounded.
FIG. 2 discloses such an example. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
2, the balanced antenna element is exchanged for a dipole antenna 15a.
One leg of the dipole antenna 15a is connected to the positive terminal
of the amplifier 15b. The other leg of the dipole antenna 15a is
connected to ground instead of to the negative terminal of the amplifier
15b. In other respects, the embodiment of FIG. 2 may not differ from the
embodiment of FIG. 1. The dipole antenna 15a of FIG. 2 may be exchanged
for a loop or folded dipole with one end connected to the amplifier 15b
and the other end connected to ground. Further, the single ended
amplifier may be of different topology, e.g. a common source or common
emitter amplifier.

[0031] Because the present disclosure refers principally to the auxiliary
antenna device 15 disclosed above, expressions relating to mutual
locations and orientations and to operation of various parts of the
handheld communication device 11 refers to the auxiliary antenna device
15 being mounted and the handheld communication device 11 being used. But
generally the auxiliary antenna device 15 can be manufactured and
marketed by itself and/or together with the main antenna device in an
antenna set. Thus, expressions above like configured, connected, coupled,
arranged, and similar should generally be understood as capable of being,
or intended to be, configured, connected, coupled, arranged, etc.

[0032] It shall be appreciated that the scope of the present disclosure
also covers an antenna set comprising the main and auxiliary antenna
devices as disclosed above as well as the handheld radio communication
device 11 itself. It shall yet further be appreciated by a person skilled
in the art that the auxiliary antenna device 15 can be used also for
receiving GPS and/or FM signals. To this end, the handheld radio
communication device 11 comprises a GPS receiver and/or an FM receiver
and circuitry, e.g. including filters and/or switches, for operatively
connecting the auxiliary antenna device 15 to the GPS receiver and/or the
FM receiver to thereby receive GPS and/or FM signals via the auxiliary
antenna device 15.

[0033] Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be
thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the
art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific
components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of
embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those
skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that
example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms (e.g.,
different materials, etc.), and that neither should be construed to limit
the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known
processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are
not described in detail. In addition, advantages and improvements that
may be achieved with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present
disclosure are provided for purpose of illustration only and do not limit
the scope of the present disclosure, as exemplary embodiments disclosed
herein may provide all or none of the above mentioned advantages and
improvements and still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0034] Specific dimensions, specific materials, and/or specific shapes
disclosed herein are example in nature and do not limit the scope of the
present disclosure. The disclosure herein of particular values and
particular ranges of values (e.g., frequency ranges or bandwidths, etc.)
for given parameters are not exclusive of other values and ranges of
values that may be useful in one or more of the examples disclosed
herein. Moreover, it is envisioned that any two particular values for a
specific parameter stated herein may define the endpoints of a range of
values that may be suitable for the given parameter (i.e., the disclosure
of a first value and a second value for a given parameter can be
interpreted as disclosing that any value between the first and second
values could also be employed for the given parameter). Similarly, it is
envisioned that disclosure of two or more ranges of values for a
parameter (whether such ranges are nested, overlapping or distinct)
subsume all possible combination of ranges for the value that might be
claimed using endpoints of the disclosed ranges.

[0035] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing
particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may be intended to
include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates
otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "including," and
"having," are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated
features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but
do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features,
integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to
be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular
order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an
order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or
alternative steps may be employed.

[0036] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on", "engaged
to", "connected to" or "coupled to" another element or layer, it may be
directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer,
or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an
element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly engaged to",
"directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" another element or
layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other
words used to describe the relationship between elements should be
interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., "between" versus "directly between,"
"adjacent" versus "directly adjacent," etc.). As used herein, the term
"and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the
associated listed items. The term "about" when applied to values
indicates that the calculation or the measurement allows some slight
imprecision in the value (with some approach to exactness in the value;
approximately or reasonably close to the value; nearly). If, for some
reason, the imprecision provided by "about" is not otherwise understood
in the art with this ordinary meaning, then "about" as used herein
indicates at least variations that may arise from ordinary methods of
measuring or using such parameters. For example, the terms "generally",
"about", and "substantially" may be used herein to mean within
manufacturing tolerances.

[0037] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to
describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections,
these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be
limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one
element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer
or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms
when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly
indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer
or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component,
region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the
example embodiments.

[0038] Spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer," "beneath",
"below", "lower", "above", "upper" and the like, may be used herein for
ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to
another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially
relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the
device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the
figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over,
elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features
would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the
example term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and
below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at
other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein
interpreted accordingly.

[0039] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for
purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be
exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements, intended or
stated uses, or features of a particular embodiment are generally not
limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are
interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not
specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many
ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the
disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within
the scope of the disclosure.