start (int, str, or datetime, optional) – Zero-indexed observation number at which to start forecasting,
i.e., the first forecast is start. Can also be a date string to
parse or a datetime type. Default is the the zeroth observation.

end (int, str, or datetime, optional) – Zero-indexed observation number at which to end forecasting, i.e.,
the last forecast is end. Can also be a date string to
parse or a datetime type. However, if the dates index does not
have a fixed frequency, end must be an integer index if you
want out of sample prediction. Default is the last observation in
the sample.

dynamic (boolean, int, str, or datetime, optional) – Integer offset relative to start at which to begin dynamic
prediction. Can also be an absolute date string to parse or a
datetime type (these are not interpreted as offsets).
Prior to this observation, true endogenous values will be used for
prediction; starting with this observation and continuing through
the end of prediction, forecasted endogenous values will be used
instead.

**kwargs – Additional arguments may required for forecasting beyond the end
of the sample. See FilterResults.predict for more details.

Returns:

forecast – Array of out of in-sample predictions and / or out-of-sample
forecasts. An (npredict x k_endog) array.