Contents & List of Tables

Preface

This is a study of international efforts to contain the proliferation of a particularly deadly military technology-long-range ballistic missiles. Ballistic missiles enable states to rapidly deliver weapons of mass destruction over vast distances. Missile proliferation is therefore among the foremost concerns on the international security agenda. When faced with mutual challenges and concerns, states often coordinate their national policy responses through multilateral ...

Abbreviations

1. Introduction

In a February 2001 report to Congress, the Bush administration called attention to a looming missile threat. It noted that "in a world where more than a dozen nations possess ballistic missile technology, and a number of nations are racing to acquire weapons of mass destruction, America's most pressing national security challenge is to reduce our current vulnerability ... against missile attack."1 The previous year, President Clinton had also stated that a missile threat ...

2. Regimes, Technology, Politics, and Proliferation

International efforts to contain missile proliferation originated in the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). The first section of this chapter defines the important concept of regimes and clarifies issues concerning their institutional design and operating components. Because the MTCR'S initial scope was restricted to technology barriers, the second section assesses scholarship on technology and its control. Technology barriers delay rather than halt missile pro ...

3. Building a Supply-Side Regime

In February 2001, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld launched a dramatic broadside against Moscow, charging that "Russia is an active proliferator .... They are selling and assisting countries like Iran and North Korea and India and other countries with these [missile-related] technologies which are threatening ... the United States and Western Europe and countries in the Middle East."1 That same month, Washington's Central Intelligence Agency reported that "the ...

4. Argentina, Brazil, South Africa

In July 1989 and November 1990, South Africa fired two-stage rockets from Overberg at Africa's southernmost tip toward Prince Edward Islands 1,450 km to the southeast. These rocket tests were part of a dual missile and space program that involved over a thousand personnel, but was dismantled before the country's transition to majority rule in 1994. Nelson Mandela's ...

5. South Korea, Taiwan, Arab States

On September 26, 1978, at a South Korean military base, several antitank
rockets, multiple-loaded rockets, and a new 180 km range ballistic missile
zeroed in on their targets to the applause and cheers of a hundred viewers. Witnessing
the missile display were President Park Chung Hee, his cabinet ministers,
Korea's army chiefs, and General John Vessey, commander of U.S. forces ...

6. Israel, India, Pakistan

On July 18, 1980, two thousand scientists and observers watched India's 17
ton SLV-3 rocket lift off from the Sriharikota complex on the Bay of Bengal.
At an altitude of 300 km, it placed a 35 kg satellite in orbit. Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi informed Parliament: "This is a notable achievement ofIndia and Indian
science .... The nation is proud of [Indian scientists] and wishes them further ...

7. North Korea and Iran

On July 22,1998, a Shehab-3 rocket lifted off from the Iranian desert, flew
toward the southeast, and detonated 100 seconds into its flight. The
Jerusalem Post reported ominously, "Iran has joined the long-range missile club,"
adding that this development was "one of the toughest challenges in the history
ofthe state [ofIsrael], and we are taking it seriously."· Iran's former president ...

8. Toward a Treaty Regime

In November 2002 at The Hague, ninety-three countries adopted and signed
an International Code of Conduct for missiles. The Code had gained precedence
over another missile nonproliferation initiative, a global control system
(GCs) for missiles that was discussed during 2000-2001 at meetings in Moscow.
The GCS and Code of Conduct contained important confidence-building ...

9. Conclusions

Multilateral regimes can contain the spread of deadly technologies in two general
ways. First, they can pursue a technological containment approachan
approach of containing strategic weapons proliferation through technological
means, by denying regional powers the technological assistance required for
weapons development. Second, regimes may adopt a political-legal approach, ...

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