https://bolognalawreview.unibo.it/issue/feedUniversity of Bologna Law Review2018-12-14T14:55:01+01:00University of Bologna Law Reviewbolognalawreview@unibo.itOpen Journal SystemsThe <strong>University of Bologna Law Review – ISSN 2531-6133</strong> is a legal journal run by University of Bologna School of Law students, and published by the Department of Legal Studies.https://bolognalawreview.unibo.it/article/view/8467Magistrates Training: Why to Crave for More Creative Cities and Judges?2018-12-13T16:33:13+01:00Gilson Jacobsengiljacobsen@gmail.comJoão Batista Lazzarilazzari@trf4.jus.brThis study seeks to identify the contemporary challenges of the judiciary and the need for training of judges focused on skills aimed at resolving these adversities. To demonstrate this approach, it points out the importance of judicial creativity in face of the disorderly urban development with the exclusion of the poorest people. The study concludes that the Magistrate's Judicial Schools for Training and Improvement have the role of establishing training activities that combine legal techniques with knowledge of management, socioeconomics and creativity. The paper also encourages socio-judiciary research programs and exchanges with universities, so that judges are encouraged to enroll in Master and Doctoral courses, and possibly attend a second graduation.2018-09-16T13:44:23+02:00Copyright (c) 2018 Gilson Jacobsen, João Batista Lazzarihttps://bolognalawreview.unibo.it/article/view/8655Use of the Local Law Advantage in the Restructuring of European Sovereign Bonds2018-12-14T14:55:00+01:00Mitu Gulatigaurang@law.duke.eduLee C. Buchheitlbuchheit@cgsh.com<span>Emerging market sovereigns issue bonds in the international capital markets governed by a foreign legal regime such as the law of England or New York State.</span><span>European sovereigns, however, have been able to issue bonds governed by the issuer’s own law.</span><span>In the event of a future financial crisis, this gives European sovereign issuers the ability to pass local legislation that will facilitate an eventual restructuring of their bonds -- the “local law advantage.”</span><span>Greece did this in 2012 as part of a restructuring of €206 billion of Greek Government bonds.</span><span>The validity of the revisions to Greek law enacted in 2012 by the Greek Parliament has been upheld in multiple judicial challenges (in Greece, Germany, Austria and before the European Court of Human Rights), as well in a major ICSID arbitration.</span><span>This raises the question of whether other European sovereigns enjoying the local law advantage over their bonds can, in an emergency, rely on the power of their own legislatures to amend local law in order to facilitate a future restructuring of those instruments</span>2018-11-04T16:21:37+01:00Copyright (c) 2018 Mitu Gulati, Lee C. Buchheithttps://bolognalawreview.unibo.it/article/view/8670Artificial Intelligence Policy: A Primer and Roadmap2018-12-14T14:55:01+01:00Ryan Calorcalo@uw.edu<p class="x_AbstractUBLR"><span lang="EN-US">Talk of artificial intelligence is everywhere. People marvel at the capacity of machines to translate any language and master any game. Others condemn the use of secret algorithms to sentence criminal defendants or recoil at the prospect of machines gunning for blue, pink, and white-collar jobs. Some worry aloud that artificial intelligence will be humankind’s “final invention.” </span>This essay, prepared in connection with UC Davis Law Review's 50th anniversary symposium, explains why AI is suddenly on everyone's mind and provides a roadmap to the major policy questions AI raises. The essay is designed to help policymakers, investors, technologists, scholars, and students understand the contemporary policy environment around AI at least well enough to initiate their own exploration. Topics covered include: justice and equity, use of force, safety and certification, privacy (including data parity) and taxation and displacement of labor. In addition to these topics, the essay will touch briefly on a selection of broader systemic questions: institutional configuration and expertise, investment and procurement, removing hurdles to accountability and correcting mental models of AI.</p>2018-11-12T13:13:30+01:00Copyright (c) 2018 Ryan Calohttps://bolognalawreview.unibo.it/article/view/8773Openness in International Investment Law: Too Much of a Good Thing?2018-12-14T14:55:01+01:00Jens Hillebrand-Pohljens.pohl@maastrichtuniversity.nl<p class="AbstractUBLR">In recent years, investment treaty practice and arbitral case law have increasingly recognized government transparency as an obligation of international investment law. Yet, there could hardly be less of a consensus regarding what level of transparency is required, with case law ranging from one strand requiring “total transparency” to another merely prohibiting “complete lack of transparency”. This apparent paradox seems to be about to change. Some of the most recent treaty practice appears to endorse the latter, restrictive interpretation of transparency. How come? This article sets forth two arguments: First, transparency is in part a binary concept, similar to many other familiar and related legal concepts, such as good faith, lack of arbitrariness and due process, and that transparency could thus, without contradiction, be said to be either “total” or “completely lacking” and nothing in between. Second, restrictive case law and the most recent treaty practice refuses to recognize as a legal requirement the concept of transparency as denoting a gradual quality of the law and of the administration of law.</p>2018-12-13T16:32:11+01:00Copyright (c) 2018 Jens Hillebrand-Pohl