This thesis examines the extent to which the judiciary can intervene into the executive branch’s power over foreign affairs. This thesis focuses on the Supreme…
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This thesis examines the extent to which the judiciary can intervene into the executive branch’s power over foreign affairs. This thesis focuses on the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Canada (Prime Minister) v. Omar Khadr, 2010 SCC 3 where Omar Khadr requested the judiciary to order the executive branch to request his release from American custody in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The Supreme Court refused Khadr’s request, but issued a declaratory order stating that Khadr’s rights had been violated by the Canadian government. This thesis places this decision, and its follow-on litigation, in its international and comparative context by examining the international law of diplomatic protection as well as three cases, one from the United Kingdom, one from South Africa and one from West Germany. After examining the context, this thesis concludes that the Supreme Court’s decision, although flawed, was reasonable.

Smith, R. (2011). The Company One Keeps: The Khadr II Litigation in its International and Comparative Legal Context. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31453

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Smith, Robert. “The Company One Keeps: The Khadr II Litigation in its International and Comparative Legal Context.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed March 21, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31453.

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Smith, Robert. “The Company One Keeps: The Khadr II Litigation in its International and Comparative Legal Context.” 2011. Web. 21 Mar 2019.

Vancouver:

Smith R. The Company One Keeps: The Khadr II Litigation in its International and Comparative Legal Context. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31453.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith R. The Company One Keeps: The Khadr II Litigation in its International and Comparative Legal Context. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31453

University of Debrecen

2.
Babakri, Sherko.
Focus on common herbal remedies from a pharmacological point of view
.

► This thesis considers the phenomenon of soft law. The very name soft law sounds like an oxymoron: if law is soft, is it not therefore…
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▼ This thesis considers the phenomenon of soft law. The very name soft law sounds like an oxymoron: if law is soft, is it not therefore prevented from being law? There is some force to that objection, but only in a purely formalist sense. More practically, lawyers have understood for at least seventy years that public authorities are able to issue certain communications in a way that causes them to be treated like law, even though these are neither legislation nor subordinate legislation. Importantly for soft law as a regulatory tool, people tend to treat soft law as binding even though public authorities know that it is not. It follows that soft law's binding effects do not apply equally between the public authority and those to whom it is directed. Consequently, soft law is both highly effective as a means of regulation, and inherently risky for those who are regulated by it. Much has been written about using soft law in regulation, but that is not the concern of this thesis. Soft law plays a vital part in administrative law. It manages the tension between decision-makers having the flexibility to decide individual matters on their merits on one hand, and, on the other, the expectation that like issues will broadly be decided consistently with each other. That tension is central to the rule of law. Soft law cannot resolve the tension between flexibility and consistency, but it does provide a mechanism which can guide decision-makers towards consistency without binding them to certain outcomes. Chapter 2 deals extensively with issues that arise from soft law's role in managing this tension.The focus of the remaining chapters is on people who are regulated by soft law and, more specifically, what happens when a public authority breaches its own soft law upon which people have relied. Where people in that circumstance suffer loss as a consequence of their reliance on soft law, this thesis asks what remedies might lie to assist them. Chapter 3 looks at whether judicial review can be extended to cover exercises of soft law, either in order to grant a procedural remedy or to compel the public authority to perform in substance what its soft law had promised. It concludes that other countries, such as the UK, provide some hope for people who have relied upon soft law to their detriment. Australian jurisprudence, by contrast, offers little scope for a person so affected to obtain a judicial review remedy, either procedural or substantive. The most that the Australian cases have offered is that soft law is not meaningless, even where it is unenforceable.Chapter 4 examines the capacity to obtain a money remedy based upon establishing invalidity. This could either be through a damages remedy being included in judicial review for ultra vires acts or in restitution. Public law damages is a remedy whose time has not yet come. It has been firmly rejected in Australian courts and, in the UK, a Law Commission recommendation in favour of such a remedy was firmly rejected by the government. …
Advisors/Committee Members: Aronson, Mark, Law, Faculty of Law, UNSW, Roux, Theunis, Law, Faculty of Law, UNSW.

Weeks, G. (2013). Australian public authorities which breach their soft law : remedies and suggested reforms. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53033 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11711/SOURCE01?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Weeks, Greg. “Australian public authorities which breach their soft law : remedies and suggested reforms.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 21, 2019.
http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53033 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11711/SOURCE01?view=true.

Weeks G. Australian public authorities which breach their soft law : remedies and suggested reforms. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2013. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53033 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11711/SOURCE01?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Weeks G. Australian public authorities which breach their soft law : remedies and suggested reforms. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2013. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53033 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11711/SOURCE01?view=true

University of Johannesburg

4.
Kruger, Katri.
A comparison of Magnetis Polus Australis 30cH to 2M on the symptoms of onychocryptosis of the Hallux.

Onychocryptosis is the diagnostic term for an ingrown toenail. It is a common and painful condition that occurs either when the nail grows…
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M. Tech.

Onychocryptosis is the diagnostic term for an ingrown toenail. It is a common and painful condition that occurs either when the nail grows into the skin on the lateral or medial side of the toe, or if the skin on the side of the toenail grows over the edge of the nail. Magnetis Polus Australis is a homoeopathic remedy recommended in the Homoeopathic Materia Medica specifically for the treatment of onychocryptosis. In previous studies, Rohl (2003) used the remedy Magnetis Polus Australis in a 7cH and a 30cH potency whereas Khan (2004) used it in a 200cH and a 1M potency. Their studies showed promising results but had sample sizes too small for definitive conclusions. In their respective studies, they recommend using Magnetis Polus Australis 2M in a single dose. The present study was aimed at determining the efficacy of Magnetis Polus Australis in treating symptoms of onychocryptosis such as pain in the big toe (hallux), tenderness to pressure, infection, erythema and oedema of the lateral nail fold in two different potencies, namely 30cH in repeated doses and 2M in a single dose. This study was a six week double-blind, placebo controlled study involving forty participants. Pre-diagnosed onychocryptosis participants were recruited and randomly divided into three groups. The first experimental group received a once-off dose of Magnetis Polus Australis 2M powder and a 50ml bottle of placebo liquid. The second experimental group received a once-off placebo powder and a 50ml bottle of 30cH Magnetis Polus Australis liquid. The control group received a once-off placebo powder and a 50ml bottle of placebo liquid. All powders were taken immediately in the presence of the researcher, whereas the 50ml liquids were taken home to be taken as ten drops under the tongue twice daily for the total six week study. After the initial consultation, there were two more follow-up consultations at three weekly intervals. At each follow-up consultation all symptoms of the condition were observed, namely pain in the big toe (hallux), tenderness to pressure, infection, erythema and oedema of the lateral nail fold, and were recorded in respect of each participant (Appendix D and E). At the end of the clinical trial all the recorded data were analyzed and compared using Fisher Exact Tests (FET) according to the symptoms of onychocryptosis. Results showed no significant difference between the experimental and control group and therefore did not confirm the efficacy of Magnetis Polus Australis as a specific treatment for the symptoms of onychocryptosis. The only finding was that the control had a significant improvement in pain as opposed to the experimental group. A possible explanation is that the experimental groups, especially the 2M group, demonstrated a homoeopathic aggravation. Further research on this topic is required with a larger sample group over a longer time period.

Kruger, K. (2010). A comparison of Magnetis Polus Australis 30cH to 2M on the symptoms of onychocryptosis of the Hallux. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3090

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Kruger, Katri. “A comparison of Magnetis Polus Australis 30cH to 2M on the symptoms of onychocryptosis of the Hallux.” 2010. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed March 21, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3090.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Kruger K. A comparison of Magnetis Polus Australis 30cH to 2M on the symptoms of onychocryptosis of the Hallux. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2010. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3090.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kruger K. A comparison of Magnetis Polus Australis 30cH to 2M on the symptoms of onychocryptosis of the Hallux. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3090

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

► There is a sizeable disparity between the advantages enabled by patent law remedies and the underlying rationale for the patent system. Furnishing solutions to the…
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▼ There is a sizeable disparity between the advantages enabled by patent law remedies and the underlying rationale for the patent system. Furnishing solutions to the problem of patent opportunism, which is a product of this gap, is the singular purpose of this thesis. The nexus between patent remedies and the utilitarian social welfare goals of the patent system appears to have been understudied in major patent law jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom (UK). In these jurisdictions, focus has been placed more on managing the problems of the patent system attributable to patent law remedies, rather than addressing, head on, the nature of those remedies. This is not, however, the case in the United States of America (USA) where judges, government agencies and academics have expressed ongoing concerns over the tendency of patent law remedies to impact negatively on the social welfare goals of the patent system. Notwithstanding these articulated concerns, the fundamental reason for this negative tendency has been poorly identified, and recommendations to reform patent law remedies in response to it have been equally inadequate.
Ted Sichelman’s work titled ‘Purging Patents of Private Law Remedies’ ((2014) 92 Texas Law Review 528) and that of David Opderbeck titled ‘Patent Damages and the Shape of Patent Law’ ((2009) 89 Boston University Law Review 127) are a timely and valuable response to this problem. Both Sichelman and Opderbeck rightly blame patent opportunism on the ideological dissonance between the purpose of the patent system and the regime of legal remedies applied towards patent infringement. However, both scholars differ in their postulations of solutions to the problem. Sichelman has not yet put forward workable recommendations on how to replace the current remedies (particularly monetary remedies) prevailing in most patent law jurisdictions, with a view to reflecting the utilitarian nature of patents. Opderbeck suggests solutions that are workable but improvable. This thesis adds to the works of Sichelman and Opderbeck by postulating gain-based remedies—chiefly disgorgement and restitutionary reasonable royalties— as the most pertinent species of monetary remedies suitable to furthering the utilitarian nature and objectives of patent entitlements. It is the submission of this thesis that these species of remedies will be effectual in stemming the tide of patent opportunism by changing the incentives of economic entities within the patent market, and correcting problems that emanate from the patent market’s illiquidity.

► Herbal Remedies used more frequently in the western society now a days. Chamomile mostly consumed as tea and the flower of the plant contains the…
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▼ Herbal Remedies used more frequently in the western society now a days. Chamomile mostly consumed as tea and the flower of the plant contains the vital component. Echinacea contains a vital active constituent known as inulin which contributes to immune modulation properties. Garlic should be crushed to release the active ingredients. Clove is used to heal tooth pain and headaches.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pórszász, Róbert (advisor), Pharmacology (advisor).

► This work examines the scope of the divide between legal and equitable jurisdictions in Canadian law. It focuses in particular on the divide between legal…
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▼ This work examines the scope of the divide between legal and equitable jurisdictions in
Canadian law. It focuses in particular on the divide between legal and equitable remedies,
which continues to mold the remedial approach in modem Canada.
It is concluded is that the strict separation between legal and equitable remedies is
detrimental to legal evolution. The judicial system must strive to serve justice by
embracing a flexible and responsive remedial approach. The retention of a division
between law and equity inhibits the legal response to the demands of an evolving society.
Arguments based in history no longer justify a restrictive and divided remedial
jurisdiction.
It is accepted that history and precedent cannot be abandoned altogether. A division
between law and equity must be maintained on some level but the scope of this division
needs re-evaluation. The distinction between legal and equitable rights does not in itself
necessitate a division in remedies. Rather, it is time to move towards a flexible
framework of remedies, which is responsive to the particular circumstances of the
dispute, irrespective of the historical origins of particular measures.
It is noted in Chapter 1 that a remedial approach influenced by an intermingling of legal
and equitable principles, is evident in recent Canadian jurisprudence. In particular, a
resurgence of equitable themes and the expansion of specific equitable remedies, has
occurred. Therefore, it is the aspects of equity's remedial jurisdiction that are focused on
in the body of this work.
Chapter 2 provides a brief historical outline of the origins of equity's remedial
jurisdiction. This outline highlights the equitable themes, which retain significance in a
modem context and must shape the remedial approach of the future. In the latter half of
Chapter 2 the fusion of the administration of law and equity under the Judicature Acts is
examined. It is concluded that a mingling of legal and equitable doctrine has occurred in
the wake of this fusion and remedial law must embrace this development.
The Canadian judiciary has taken some active steps towards breaking down the divide
between legal and equitable remedies. These steps are identified in Chapters 3 and 4, with
reference to the evolution of the constructive trust and equitable compensation
respectively. These remedies have expanded beyond their historical limitations and have
mingled with legal doctrine. The jurisprudence supports a flexible remedial approach that
rejects the strict confines of history.
It is concluded that a move beyond the divide between legal and equitable remedies must
not be resisted. Remedies must be loosened from their historical anchors to shape a
responsive remedial approach in Canadian law.

► This study aims to identify traditional medicines which people use in Babati District, Tanzania and to find out which direction the local use and…
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▼ This study aims to identify traditional medicines which people use in Babati District, Tanzania and to find out which direction the local use and knowledge of traditional medicine is taking in comparison with modern medicine (MM). It is a case study based both on primary and secondary sources. The primary information was gathered with the help of semi-structured interviews and shorter enquiries with people of all categories that use herbal remedies or visit bone fixers and with women that are supported by traditional midwifes. For simple health problems people use TM, for more complicated cases, they go to the hospital. A difference between Babati urban and rural inhabitants was noticed in the usage of traditional and modern medicine, but not between poor and rich people, opinions being slightly different. The Tanzanian government does not encourage the implementation of the TM in the modern medical system and as long as the young generation is not interested to learn the secrets of their parents‟ vocation, this knowledge is threatened by being forgotten. All the herbs used in TM will most likely find their way into the modern pharmacy; however because of the lack of documentation and statistics, it can take up to one hundred years. For this purpose, the gap between TM and MM has to narrow through a better collaboration between all the involved parts.

Iancu, M. (2011). Local Use of Traditional and Modern Medicine : A case study in Babati District, Tanzania. (Thesis). Södertörn University College. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9453

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Iancu M. Local Use of Traditional and Modern Medicine : A case study in Babati District, Tanzania. [Internet] [Thesis]. Södertörn University College; 2011. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9453.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Iancu M. Local Use of Traditional and Modern Medicine : A case study in Babati District, Tanzania. [Thesis]. Södertörn University College; 2011. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9453

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The overseas expansion and circulation of new products between the New and Old World are one of the great issues for the historiography that is dedicated to the Atlantic trade and to the global commerce. While specialists have been working on this issue with regard to the insertion, adaptation and consumption of these new genres in America, Europe, Asia and Africa, there has been little discussion about the agents who have promoted this movement around the globe: specialized traders - druggists - and their trading companies. This thesis presents an interconnected history between those who provided products for the medical market in Europe and Portuguese America and the ways in which new medicines were introduced by global commerce in the second half of the 18th century. Its main objective is to provide an analytical overview for the understanding of processes that have been mutually global and local, for example: how did an Amerindian medicine become a medicine certified and guaranteed by European or Asian medicine? And how were these products introduced in these circuits and by what market routes?

The role of legal and administrative capacity (“LAC”) in shaping antidumping outcomes has increasingly captured the attention of scholars across a broad range of disciplines.…
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The role of legal and administrative capacity (“LAC”) in shaping antidumping outcomes has increasingly captured the attention of scholars across a broad range of disciplines. Prior LAC scholarship has largely focused on the experience of member countries in antidumping proceedings brought before the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body. No prior scholarship has analyzed the role of firm-level LAC in explaining the firm-specific dumping margins estimated by the administering authority of a particular country.
The relationship between LAC and firm-specific dumping margins is relevant to the field of international development insofar as it has been postulated that capacity constraint-conditioned dumping margin differentials have a disproportionately adverse impact on respondent firms from developing countries. This dynamic, it is further postulated, compromises the ability of producers and exporters in developing countries to integrate themselves into global supply chains and/or access lucrative export markets. These outcomes, in turn, undercut developing country efforts to achieve export-driven economic growth and development strategies.
This work empirically examines the theory that LAC is a significant determinant of firm-specific dumping margins in U.S. antidumping investigations administered between 2000 and 2014 using, in connection with a triangulated set of confirmatory and exploratory research questions, a newly constructed database and capacity index. Descriptive and inferential analyses reveal the presence of statistically significant differences between the average firm-specific dumping margins estimated for respondent firms with low- and high- levels of LAC. Moreover, this work finds evidence of a statistically significant association between firm-specific dumping margin outcomes and LAC, both on a stand-alone basis and when modeled alongside alternative explanatory variables.
These results provide empirical grounds for concluding that (i) the capacity constraint theory has, in the context of U.S.-administered AD investigations, merit and (ii) U.S. statutes, regulations, procedures, and methodologies operate to impose differentially disadvantageous consequences on certain parties. The latter conclusion violates both the WTO prohibition against de facto discrimination and the U.S. commitment to give special regard to the situation of developing countries. This work concludes by presenting recommendations and diagnostic tools geared toward improving the experience of capacity-constrained respondent firms in U.S. antidumping investigations and identifying directions for future research.

This present study focus on the supervenient law in the exceptionals petitions both extraordinário and especial . However, it is known that there are imposed…
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This present study focus on the supervenient law in the exceptionals petitions both extraordinário and especial . However, it is known that there are imposed limits that are included in the prequestioning and also the lawsuit, determined by specific moment of the process when analyzing the subjective elements and the objective elements, that must remains unchangeable. That way, the exceptional petitions can establish, first of all what is the most relevant, then the peculiarities and hypothesis that fits. It is also important to understand the subject to find elements which identify lawsuit, that is the triple identity and also the establishment of the lawsuit, genesis e use nowadays. After all, it is a way of searching searching an ideal system for this approach. At the end, the objective is to bring up together the institute representative, so that the two different areas in a litigation, respecting even the contradictory terms, the law act and also the right acquired, which can be a benefit of the ius superveniens

► The thesis is an ex-post assessment of two horizontal mergers motivated by the dearth in post-merger analyses in the South African context. The objective is…
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▼ The thesis is an ex-post assessment of two horizontal
mergers motivated by the dearth in post-merger analyses in the
South African context. The objective is to examine whether market
dynamics have changed as stated by the Competition Tribunal. The
main theories tested are whether the merged firm post-merger was
able to exert market power unilaterally or in coordinated manner.
These constructs are examined against the ability of customers to
restrain market power, barriers to entry, the effect of the
remedies imposed and the financial performance.The results reveal
that the Tribunal leans towards the SCP doctrine and demonstrates
the need for a dynamic approach in competitive assessments informed
by understanding how competitors and customers may react to a
merger. The research findings indicate that the Tribunal’s
conclusions on both the Nampak/Burcap and Scaw/Ozz transactions
were unproven, post-merger. The research also demonstrates the need
and importance of ex-post evaluations to improve future decisions
on mergers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mr M Holland (advisor).

The third party in the public procurement essentially meets under two statuses, according to the direct or indirect harmed interest which it will demonstrate. Hurt by a breach on procurement procedure, the third party is actually protected by the law, which establishes in its profit legal remedies allowing him to dispute the legality of the contact as well as asking for compensation for the loss suffered. Citizen, the third party is disadvantaged by its status, which does not always offer him actions likely to satisfy his will to make sure of the legality of the procurement procedure. He has nevertheless, under European law, a legitimate concern to make sure that there are good procurement procedures. That premise will lead to propose legal solutions likely to put the french law in accordance with these new requirements.

► The thesis is an ex-post assessment of two horizontal mergers motivated by the dearth in post-merger analyses in the South African context. The objective is…
(more)

▼ The thesis is an ex-post assessment of two
horizontal mergers motivated by the dearth in post-merger analyses
in the South African context. The objective is to examine whether
market dynamics have changed as stated by the Competition Tribunal.
The main theories tested are whether the merged firm post-merger
was able to exert market power unilaterally or in coordinated
manner. These constructs are examined against the ability of
customers to restrain market power, barriers to entry, the effect
of the remedies imposed and the financial performance.The results
reveal that the Tribunal leans towards the SCP doctrine and
demonstrates the need for a dynamic approach in competitive
assessments informed by understanding how competitors and customers
may react to a merger. The research findings indicate that the
Tribunal’s conclusions on both the Nampak/Burcap and Scaw/Ozz
transactions were unproven, post-merger. The research also
demonstrates the need and importance of ex-post evaluations to
improve future decisions on mergers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mr M Holland (advisor).

► The participation of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and private individuals have become more important in human rights issues in international politics in the past decades. Oftentimes…
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▼ The participation of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and private individuals have become more important in human rights issues in international politics in the past decades. Oftentimes NGOs in different countries with similar issue concerns form ‘transnational advocacy networks’ with the believe that such cooperation is beneficial to achieve goals in their agenda. This thesis is based on Keck and Sikkink’s theory of transnational advocacy network, and engages in the analysis on how the East Asian transnational advocacy network on the comfort women issue emerged forty years after the War was over, and what brought the NGOs in different Asian countries together other than just the nationalities of the former comfort women, and formed the ‘boomerang pattern’. Next, it analyses on the strategies adopted by the East Asian transnational advocacy network on the comfort women issue, and their strategies are categorised by what Keck and Sikkink listed as information, symbolic, leverage, and accountability politics. It then turns to the international responses, most importantly, the responses from the Japanese government on the comfort women issue, also responses from other states. Last, it assesses the achievement and challenges faced by the comfort women movement based on the five criteria proposed by Keck and Sikkink in evaluating the result of transnational advocacy movements.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ragazzi, Dr. F.P.S.M (advisor), Putten, Dr. F.-P. van der (advisor).

► Background: Kalanchoe pinnata is a medicinal plant found in South America, India, and the Caribbean. Aqueous preparations of the leaves are traditionally used for the…
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▼ Background: Kalanchoe pinnata is a medicinal plant found in South America, India, and the Caribbean. Aqueous preparations of the leaves are traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases in many parts of the world, including diabetes. While previous studies have confirmed the acclaimed hypoglycemic properties, its metabolic effects in diabetes remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic effects of K. pinnata preparation in the management of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Eighteen (18) adult Sprague rats were assigned by weight into three groups for a 30 day study [six rats per group, average body weight (297.28 ± 15.17 g)]. The groups were composed as follows: Healthy rats receiving de-ionized water (Normal Control); diabetic rats administered de-ionized water (Diabetic Control); diabetic rats administered aqueous preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves (~ 0.14 grams / kg body weight; Diabetic Treated). Animals were euthanized by decapitation on day 30 after the commencement of the feeding trial. Blood and organ samples were collected for the biochemical and hematological assays.
Results: The diabetic groups lost weight and consumed less food compared to the normal control group. However, the diabetic treated groups’ loss in weight was more evident than the diabetic control groups’ loss in weight. We noted a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level in the diabetic group treated with K. pinnata preparation compared to the other groups. Serum albumin was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the diabetic control and diabetic treated groups compared to the normal control group. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in the diabetic treated group compared to the other groups. Liver lipid profile was not significantly altered among the groups. However, K. pinnata administration significantly (P < 0.05) reduced renal total cholesterol level compared to the diabetic
sus, 1/25/2012
control. Serum antioxidant enzyme activities were increased and lipid peroxidation was reduced in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control group. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum amylase activity in the diabetic control and improved amylase activity in the diabetic treated group. We observed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in magnesium ATPase activity in the intestinal mucosa and erythrocyte membrane of the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control. We also noted a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the hepatic pyruvate kinase activity in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control group. Renal NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the…

► This dissertation seeks to shed further light on the issue of concussions in athleticsâa topic that has garnered increased attention over the past decade. Chapter…
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▼ This dissertation seeks to shed further light on the issue of concussions in athleticsâa topic that has garnered increased attention over the past decade. Chapter 1 examines youth sports concussion laws, which have now been implemented by every state. Specifically, I study the impact that these state laws have on participation in high school athletics and the reporting of youth concussions. Chapter 2 looks at how risk and compensation schemes related to concussions currently operate at the youth, college, and professional levels of football. This chapter then provides recommendations for how risk-management systems can be implemented at each level so as to promote levels of risk and compensation that are closer to the optimal level than currently exist. Chapter 3 studies how commitment and payment schemes affect risk-taking behavior through the use of an incentivized experiment. In doing so, I analogize these risk decisions to those faced by professional football players, who must decide whether to continue their careers in the face of potential long-term health effects due to concussions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kevin M. Stack (committee member), Paige M. Skiba (committee member), W. Kip Viscusi (chair), Gabriel A. Torres Colon (committee member).

For the achievement of its common policies, the Commission enjoys a considerable discretionary power and the proportionality principle can be used as a flexible tool.…
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For the achievement of its common policies, the Commission enjoys a considerable discretionary power and the proportionality principle can be used as a flexible tool. This is even truer for the Energy Sector, where the creation of a "European internal energy market" is in the interest of the European Union as a whole. Nevertheless, there are some risks associated with a broad interpretation of the proportionality principle.

Cogels, C. (2016). The proportionality principle under european merger remedies : a critical analysis of the commission's practice on remedies, with a special focus on the energy sector. (Thesis). Université Catholique de Louvain. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/thesis:3871

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Cogels, Charline. “The proportionality principle under european merger remedies : a critical analysis of the commission's practice on remedies, with a special focus on the energy sector.” 2016. Thesis, Université Catholique de Louvain. Accessed March 21, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/thesis:3871.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Cogels, Charline. “The proportionality principle under european merger remedies : a critical analysis of the commission's practice on remedies, with a special focus on the energy sector.” 2016. Web. 21 Mar 2019.

Vancouver:

Cogels C. The proportionality principle under european merger remedies : a critical analysis of the commission's practice on remedies, with a special focus on the energy sector. [Internet] [Thesis]. Université Catholique de Louvain; 2016. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/thesis:3871.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cogels C. The proportionality principle under european merger remedies : a critical analysis of the commission's practice on remedies, with a special focus on the energy sector. [Thesis]. Université Catholique de Louvain; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/thesis:3871

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of South Africa

21.
Da Silva-Esclana, Natasha.
The homeopathic market : profiling the use of homeopathic remedies at early childhood development centres in the Pretoria East Region
.

► The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of parents with children in Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres using Over the Counter (OTC)…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of parents with children in Early
Childhood Development (ECD) centres using Over the Counter (OTC) homeopathic remedies,
specific to the Pretoria East region. Secondary objectives included determining the extent of use
of OTC homeopathic remedies, the perceptions of parents regarding homeopathy and natural
remedies as well as the positioning of homeopathy. The research was designed around
descriptive and exploratory methods using quantitative research techniques. Aspects such as
demographic information and the general health of families, attitudes, perceptions and opinions
specific to homeopathy, natural remedies and conventional medicine, as well as details on
remedy usage and brands, were addressed.
From the findings of the study a clear profile could be identified. Further to the profile, the
perceptions of respondents regarding OTC homeopathic remedies as well as reasons for using
these remedies are discussed. The positioning of OTC homeopathic remedies was done based
on spider graphs, exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling.
Several recommendations were made to the homeopathic industry, the Ministry of Health,
medical professionals, Medical Aid Schemes, pharmacists and the pharmaceutical industry, as
well as the Department of Social Development. The study concludes with details specific to the
limitations of the study and further research suggestions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Strydom, J. W. (Johan Wilhelm), 1952- (advisor).

Da Silva-Esclana, N. (2013). The homeopathic market : profiling the use of homeopathic remedies at early childhood development centres in the Pretoria East Region
. (Masters Thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8568

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Da Silva-Esclana, Natasha. “The homeopathic market : profiling the use of homeopathic remedies at early childhood development centres in the Pretoria East Region
.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of South Africa. Accessed March 21, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8568.

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Da Silva-Esclana, Natasha. “The homeopathic market : profiling the use of homeopathic remedies at early childhood development centres in the Pretoria East Region
.” 2013. Web. 21 Mar 2019.

Vancouver:

Da Silva-Esclana N. The homeopathic market : profiling the use of homeopathic remedies at early childhood development centres in the Pretoria East Region
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of South Africa; 2013. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8568.

Council of Science Editors:

Da Silva-Esclana N. The homeopathic market : profiling the use of homeopathic remedies at early childhood development centres in the Pretoria East Region
. [Masters Thesis]. University of South Africa; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8568

The fundamental question of private law’s remedies is how do subsequent remedial actions rationally address prior failures. This question can be approached either intrinsically or…
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The fundamental question of private law’s remedies is how do subsequent remedial actions rationally address prior failures. This question can be approached either intrinsically or extrinsically. While the former justifies and explains the remedial action from within the original plaintiff-defendant relationship, the latter welcomes external principles and goals. The arguments of this thesis fit within an intrinsic approach to private law’s remedies. To this end, several arguments are levied against the extrinsic perspective, and, in particular, its confidence in the separation of rights and remedies. For positive inspiration, it looks to two leading intrinsic theoretical accounts—those of Ernest Weinrib and John Gardner, respectively—with an eye to revealing what, if any, meaningful differences there are between the two.
Using the language and logic of practical reasons and reasoning, this dissertation suggests that remedies can be understood in one of two ways. First, the remedy is just the same as the original reason. If I fail to pay my debt on the date it is due, my subsequent remedial action in paying it later is carried out because of the original reason, namely, that I owe a debt to someone. Second, the remedy is a reflection of certain second-order reasons that are part of the original (operative) reason. These are reasons not to act for certain other reasons that counsel against the performance of the first-order reason to do the obligatory action. These reasons stick around and tell you to do something; that doing nothing is not optional. If I break your toe, I can no longer satisfy the original reason not to break your toe; however, I can and must do something to address my initial failure. The content of this reparative action is constrained by the original reason not to break your toe. While its first-order strength is no longer available—one can no longer act for the reason it recommends—it can nonetheless provide guidance with respect to what the next-best thing might be.

…163
29 Two conceptions of corrective justice and two intrinsic approaches to remedies… …law’s remedies,
6
not its causes of action. Even more narrowly, I center my… …analysis on remedies for tortious
7
wrongdoing. This is because it is within the… …that I not break your arm. By contrast, remedies in contract, such as
4… …Remedies” (2000) 20:1
Oxford J Legal Stud 1 at 10-12; Rafal Zakrzewski, Remedies…

► The study provides information on health-seeking behaviors across the lifespan of African Americans who are older, have a low income, and reside in rural south…
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▼ The study provides information on health-seeking behaviors across the lifespan of African Americans who are older, have a low income, and reside in rural south Alabama. A qualitative naturalistic inquiry was conducted utilizing de Chesnay's (2005) life history methodology. The aim of the study was to produce knowledge that could be utilized in developing age, race, and socio-economically appropriate health promotion intervention strategies for this population.
Participation was voluntary and confidentiality was protected. Participants (N=7) were informed on the purpose of the study, methods of data collection, and their right to withdraw. Inclusion criteria was utilized to purposefully select study participants who were African American, between the ages of 65 and 85, residents of rural south Alabama, and who met the definition of low income according to the 2006 Federal Poverty Guidelines (Federal Register, 2006). Both male (n=2) and female (n=5) participants were included. Data collection tools included the researcher, a semi-structured interview guide, genogram, and timeline. The study took place in rural south Alabama. Data collection was recorded under a pseudonym and conducted at a time and place convenient to the study participants. Nine major themes resulted from data analysis: (a) not sick, (b) knowledge and use of home remedies, (c) childhood preference for generic folk-learned remedies, (d) adult preference for professional health care, (e) need for and use of non-professional health care services, (f) need for and use of professional health care services, (g) limited health promotion and disease prevention education, (h) limited health promotion and disease prevention practice, and (i) trust help is available. Findings indicate a need to explore home remedy use and improve health promotion and disease prevention education related to preventive screenings and chronic disease.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joan Such Lockhart, Luann Richardson, Mary de Chesnay.

Poole, L. A. C. (2008). Health Seeking Behaviors: Life Histories of African Americans who are Older, Have a Low Income, and Live in Rural South Alabama. (Doctoral Dissertation). Duquesne University. Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1057

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Poole, Leigh Ann Chandler. “Health Seeking Behaviors: Life Histories of African Americans who are Older, Have a Low Income, and Live in Rural South Alabama.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Duquesne University. Accessed March 21, 2019.
https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1057.

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Poole, Leigh Ann Chandler. “Health Seeking Behaviors: Life Histories of African Americans who are Older, Have a Low Income, and Live in Rural South Alabama.” 2008. Web. 21 Mar 2019.

Vancouver:

Poole LAC. Health Seeking Behaviors: Life Histories of African Americans who are Older, Have a Low Income, and Live in Rural South Alabama. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Duquesne University; 2008. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1057.

Council of Science Editors:

Poole LAC. Health Seeking Behaviors: Life Histories of African Americans who are Older, Have a Low Income, and Live in Rural South Alabama. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Duquesne University; 2008. Available from: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1057

Stellenbosch University

24.
Udeh, Kingsley Tochukwu.
A comparative study of the effectiveness of bidder remedies in South Africa and Nigeria.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The Guide to Enactment identified that a bidder remedies system helps to make procurement law to “an important degree self-policing and self-enforcing”.…
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ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The Guide to Enactment identified that a bidder remedies system helps to make procurement
law to “an important degree self-policing and self-enforcing”. This is because it provides an
avenue to litigate for bidders that have interest in monitoring procuring entities’ compliance
with the procurement rules. In an attempt to protect their rights or to remedy the injury caused
by breach of procurement rules, bidders act as “private attorney generals” to enforce
compliance. Bidder remedies regime is an integral part of the public procurement systems of
many countries in Africa. Nigeria and South Africa are examples of African countries that have
such regimes. Bidder remedies have assumed an academic and practical importance due to the
actual and perceived role that it plays in the proper functioning of a public procurement system.
Although research interest in bidder remedies has been on the increase globally, only a
negligible portion of the research focuses on Africa. The information gap that exists due to the
availability of very little academic information on bidder remedies in Africa remains to be
filled, by detailed research. This study fills this information gap by undertaking an in-depth
comparative analysis of the bidder remedies systems of Nigeria and South Africa, and assessing
their effectiveness using clearly identified yardsticks/elements.
The key research question which this study addressed towards achieving the above,
was: “Whether the bidder remedies regimes of South Africa and Nigeria are effective for the
enforcement of public procurement rules?”
This study was conducted by way of doctrinal legal analysis. The study adopted a
comparative approach in analysing the bidder remedies systems of South Africa and Nigeria,
with a view to assessing their respective effectiveness in enforcing public procurement law.
Analytical references were made to the bidder remedies regimes provided under international
regulatory regimes, such as the UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement. The primary
materials which this study relied on are relevant legislation and case laws from both
jurisdictions. Similarities as well as striking differences exist between the South African and
Nigerian bidder remedies regimes, which made the systems suitable for a comparative study.
The study established that the bidder remedies systems of both countries are reasonably
effective, although this is undermined by certain legal and structural factors. The key finding
is that the design of bidder remedies systems affects their effectiveness. Thus, based on this
and the lessons obtained from studying the two systems, this work towards the end presented
a blueprint for any country wishing to design or redesign its remedies systems.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The realisation of socio-economic rights for the poorest and most vulnerable members of society is of critical importance if South Africa’s project…
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ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The realisation of socio-economic rights for the poorest and most vulnerable members of society is of critical importance if South Africa’s project of transformative constitutionalism is to succeed. It is thus important that courts grant effective relief in cases where socio-economic rights have been found to be violated. This thesis sets out to determine whether the structural interdict in South African constitutional law can constitute such effective relief for socio-economic rights violations.
This thesis firstly aims to determine what the judicially recognised concept of effective relief entails. This is done by developing an evaluative framework that should be used to both design and evaluate remedies granted in cases where human rights have been violated. This evaluative framework consists of certain remedial norms, drawn from Susan Sturm’s scholarship, to which public law remedies should adhere and also of more concrete factors that should be considered by courts during the remedial design phase. The remedial norms include participation, respect for the separation of powers doctrine, impartiality, reasoned decision making and remediation. The factors which should be considered include the nature of the right and nature of the violation, diverse interests, reason for the violation, practicability concerns, and the deterrent effect of the remedy.
The second part of this thesis aims to determine if structural interdicts can constitute effective relief. This thesis argues that structural interdicts can constitute such relief, and that it holds specific potential to remedy systemic violations. However, structural interdicts will only constitute effective relief if diverse stakeholders participate in the remedial design phase and if the court sufficiently retains supervisory jurisdiction over the case.
This thesis lastly proposes a participatory structural interdict model for socio-economic rights violations. This model is specifically designed to adhere to the remedial norms for public law remedies and to mitigate against concerns relating to the separation of powers doctrine, democratic legitimacy of the judiciary and institutional capacity of the courts – concerns traditionally associated with socio-economic rights adjudication.

► The trustee has a fiduciary responsibility towards the parties with an interest in the trust. The parties with an interest in the trust may have…
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▼ The trustee has a fiduciary responsibility towards the parties with an interest in the trust.
The parties with an interest in the trust may have certain expectations and requirements of the trustee. The main responsibility and accountability ascribed to and expected of the trustee are for the proper maintenance and administration of the trust and its assets.
The parties with an interest in the trust may be classified according to how closely involved or affected they are by the existence of the trust. The parties closest to the trust are listed as the founder, beneficiaries and co-trustees. Parties with a judiciary, legislative and administrative interest in the trust include the Master of the High Court, the High Court and the auditors as well as accountants of the trust.
The parties with an interest in the trust may not be satisfied with the actions or performance of the trustee. These parties may seek actions and remedies to hold the trustee accountable. These actions and remedies may be found in legislation, the literature, common law or court judgements. It would also be in the trustee’s interest to be informed of the different actions and remedies that could be utilised to hold him accountable.
Different types of action are available to hold the trustee accountable, including civil and criminal remedies. The Trust Property Control Act 57 of 1988 does not provide for criminal remedies, but provides an array of civil remedies to hold trustees accountable. The Aquilian action is also available to parties to hold a trustee accountable who committed a breach of trust.
The focus of the mini-dissertation is to determine the landscape of remedies and actions available to parties with an interest in the trust in order to hold the trustee accountable.

▼ Investigation of immunomodulatory or therapeutic
efficacy in three selected Indian medicinal plants namely, Annona
squamosa (AS), Murraya koenigii (MK), Withania somnifera (WS)
chemotype and Withania coagulans (WC).The present study is aimed at
exploration of immunomodulatory activities of these plants in naïve
BALB/c mice against filariasis.The immunomodulatory efficacy of
these plants was explored in vitro and in vivo by analyzing the
humoral and cellular immune responses, Th1/ Th2 cytokines and
activation of antigen presenting cells after administering these
test samples in BALB/c mice. The present findings demonstrate that
among the four plants selected in the present study, AS and WS 101R
proved to be the best immunostimulants. Active constituents
(compounds 1, 2 and 5 of AS and withanone, withanolide A and
withaferin A of WS 101R)have been identified. Among the identified
pure molecules, compound 5 of AS and withaferin A proved to be the
best immunostimulants. newline
Advisors/Committee Members: Bhattacharya, Shailja.

This work if considers to describe the diffusion of Remedies in the Brazilian Internet, considering such diffusion while risks to the health. One is about…
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This work if considers to describe the diffusion of Remedies in the Brazilian Internet, considering such diffusion while risks to the health. One is about a descriptive work of qualitative matrix that effected Analysis of Content to the Websites in Portuguese language. To present the subject in macro dimension, is made connection of distinct areas: Technology of the Information and Communication in Health, Social Communication, Ethics and Bioethics, Laws, Pharmacy, Medicine, Commerce and Electronic Marketing, etc. One asks that it can guide the reading of this dissertation is: Already we attempt against in them for safeguards or denunciation of the diffusion in the Internet of practical harmful to the health and, perhaps, illicit? The results are presented in 12 (twelve) categories: 1-Apologies; 2-Religious practical, popular beliefs or mood; 3-Pseudoassociations; 4-Secrecy, security and facilitated logistic; 5-Offer in mass by email; 6-Blogs and Announcements; 7-International domain in Brazilian Portuguese; 8-Prescriptions and homemade remedies; 9-Proposal of cure with foods; 10-Acquisition without cure intention - black market; 11-Computer science for health of the consumer; 12-Other. Being categories 1, 5 and 6 most recurrent. It is pointed that many of the risks to the health that circulate in the Brazilian Internet, if present of not explicit form, data the used artifices to dribble the authorities and to persuade the Internet user. The work suggests a bigger quarrel on a necessity of: Quality of the information for education of Internet user consuming; To stimulate the regulation of the senders of information in health; To fortify the engaged institucional public paper in evaluating information and commercial acts related to the health, establishing sanctions in the cases of harmful or fraudulent dissemination in the Internet; To alert to internauta and to the public power accessory.