I would say that physical pain is a negative feedback system that evolved in order to protect organisms from things that cause them harm. Pleasurable sensations, e.g. the taste of food, would then be the positive feedback counterpart that encourages organisms to do things that are good for them. The cause of another pleasurable sensation, which I hope I need not elaborate on, does not benefit the individual organism that is experiencing it, but also has an obvious evolutionary advantage.

I, Lex Llama, super genius, will one day rule this planet! And then you'll rue the day you messed with me, you damned dirty apes!

Well, I'm one of those strange carnivorous llamas that happen to like liver. I recommend finding a really good Arabic restaurant, and trying the chicken liver sauteed in garlic with houmous and a nice strong Arabic coffee. Sauteed domestic rabbit liver is also very tasty. I've never had wild rabbit liver; it might be a bit gamey.

But in modern societies where iron and protein aren't at a premium, I suppose chocolate and ice cream would do just as well.

I, Lex Llama, super genius, will one day rule this planet! And then you'll rue the day you messed with me, you damned dirty apes!

When you cut yourself lets say on the arm, a pattern of electrons surges up through the nervous system and into the brain. Here, the brain interprets this pattern and decides what to do next. The natural reaction would be to retreat from the pain. This is quite understandable from a scientific perspective. But is this all physical feelings are? You see. The patterns of electrons go to our brain but we feel the pain on our arms or what ever part of the body. The nerves don't interpret anything at all, the brain does. So why doesn't pain go to the brain?

I'm assuming that you are asking why you don't subjectively feel pain in your head instead of in the part that had the nerve endings that were activated. Because then you wouldn't know which part of your body was being damaged. For instance, say you touch a hot stove with your hand. You subjectively feel pain in the hand, not in your brain, so you know that your hand is the part of your body that is being damaged. This is good, since this tells you which part of your body to move out of harm's way. Otherwise, you'd know that you were in pain, but wouldn't be sure how to get out of it. This would not be as advantageous, from an evolutionary point of view.

I, Lex Llama, super genius, will one day rule this planet! And then you'll rue the day you messed with me, you damned dirty apes!

But why does your back feel it not your brain. Your brain understnads where the signal is coming from, but does that really make a difference? Is pain something triggered by the brain? "Hey elbow, hurt!" Again its for every physical feeling.

Jung He Fah Toy wrote:But why does your back feel it not your brain. Your brain understnads where the signal is coming from, but does that really make a difference? Is pain something triggered by the brain? "Hey elbow, hurt!" Again its for every physical feeling.

Why do amputees feel "phantom" pain in the missing limb? I would think that the brain is responsible for telling the back that it hurts.

But what is pain? Pain is having to work when you could be fishing ....

I agree with Barrius. How do you know that it isn't your brain causing the pain and it is interpreting it as happening on your elbow or whatever place? Because your brain controls your interpretations, it can cause you to believe anything.

If this is true, and if I have some mental illness, then if somebody struck me in the back, I could feel it in my shoulder. My brain would tell the wrong body part to feel pain. Would you agree that this is possible if the brain tells certain parts of the body to feel pain?

Pain is truly an illusion. Something happens to your hand and a series of eletrical and chemical signals notify the brain. The brain translates the signal and notifies some part of us that is the higher consciousness that the hand is feeling pain. Because we do not have a map of our body in front of us at all times that can give a readout of pain locations, the brain gives the illusion of the pain coming from the hand. It is similar to feeling a wieght push against your body. You brain says that the weight is heavy because of the force against you. However, in reality all you can feel is the equal and opposite force being exerted by your body on the weight. Any occurences of physical reactions in a wounded hand are not pain, but automatic reflexes controlled by nerves and not the brain. Thus pain can be nullified by by removing the nerve endings, stopping the signals (the work of many morphine type drugs), or in theory by ignoring the pain. This also accounts for the phantom limbs which are nothing more than mental projections of the brain.

Supposedly, some people on LSD report that they can hear colors and see flavors, etc.

Actually Lex, you've brought up an interesting topic. There is actually a rare disorder that occurs in some people called synesthesia, or mixed sensations. People who have synesthesia still function perfectly normally and lead happy, healthy everyday lives. However, there is one catch. All of the synesthete's senses are scrambled creating an effect very similar to what you described. For instance, if someone who has synesthesia touches a rough surface, he or she might see bright green triangles. Or, if he or she tastes something sweet, he or she might hear a very high pitched noise. The funny thing about synesthesia is that all of the sensory devices are present, but the actual connections inside the brain are not in the right place. However, the remarkable thing about people with synesthesia is that they can still function just as well as you and I can. They may still rely heavily on their eyes to see where they are going, as we normal people do, but they won't be seeing what we are seeing. Instead they might get a funny taste in their mouth. I remember one time I read something online about a particular person who had synesthesia. This person evidently was having some tooth problems, so she went to the dentist. She did not know which tooth was giving her the pain, so she asked the dentist to find it. So the dentist touched the first tooth. The synesthete saw the color green and replied no, that's not it. So the dentist went to the next one. The synesthete saw the color green again and said to move on. The dentist then went to the next tooth, and all of a sudden the synesthete saw a bright orange and said that's the one! That's the tooth that hurts! Sure enough, when the dentist examined the tooth and took x-rays, he found out that there was a cavity in that tooth! He then gave the woman (the person with synesthesia) a filling and the color orange turned into green once the filling had been successfully implanted into the tooth.

Anyways, long story short, if a person has synesthesia, all of his or her nerve connections and sensory connections are completely active, but just swapped with one another. The person can still comprehend concepts and ideas and convey messages just like anyone else, but they do it in a different way. A synesthete's higher conscience still understands input and can formulate ideas perfectly normally. Pretty nifty huh?

studying helps you in the short term. so study a day or 3 before the test. that is why i study. of course you may forget comma rules 15 years from then, but the truth is that studying helped u get an A on your test. studying for tests does not mean also studying for your 15 years in the future. it mean studying for your test and your test only.

i just had to comment about

The more you study the more you know. The more you know the more you forget. The more you forget the less you know. So why study?

The less you study the less you know. The less you know the less you forget. The less you forget the more you know. So why study?

But I think the only reason for studying would be to study for a test or study a book so you do remember the material like you and I do. I do not think that we will forget all the things we've read in a Breif History of Time and the Universe in a nutshell if we studyied it realy hard and got every concept etc...It also depends on how much you study. People do not take college courses just to forget what they have learned. THey take it for life. Of course they have potential to forget that material, but they excersise it almost everyday and usually dont forget.