Which of these represents the correct order as nutrients pass from outside the bone to the osteocytes?

A)

1,2,3,4

B)

2,4,1,3

C)

3,4,2,1

D)

3,1,4,2

E)

4,3,2,1

25

Which of these bones is produced at least partly by intramembranous ossification?

A)

clavicle

B)

frontal

C)

mandible

D)

parietal

E)

all of these

26

Intramembranous ossification is usually complete by __________ years of age, whereas endochondral ossification is usually complete by __________ years of age.

A)

2, 25

B)

5, 10

C)

10,2

D)

10, 25

E)

25, 5

27

Membrane-covered spaces between developing skull bones are called

A)

centers of ossification.

B)

central canals.

C)

fontanels.

D)

perforating canals.

E)

endochondral openings.

28

Endochondral ossification

A)

occurs primarily in the bones of the skull.

B)

involves calcification of the cartilage matrix.

C)

produces bone in connective tissue membranes.

D)

occurs when chondrocytes replace osteoblasts in the matrix.

29

Secondary ossification centers

A)

are located in the diaphysis of the bone.

B)

are located in the epiphysis of the bone.

C)

are located in the fontanels.

D)

appear during early fetal development.

E)

are locations for intramembranous ossification.

30

In endochondral ossification, the perichondrium that surrounded the hyaline cartilage becomes

A)

circumferential lamellae.

B)

osteons.

C)

lacunae.

D)

perforating canals.

E)

periosteum.

31

Given these zones within the epiphyseal plate:1. zone of calcification2. zone of hypertrophy3. zone of proliferation4. zone of resting cartilageArrange them in the correct order, from the epiphysis to the diaphysis.

A)

1,2,3,4

B)

1,3,4,2

C)

2,4,1,3

D)

3,2,1,4

E)

4,3,2,1

32

Growth in the length of a long bone stops when

A)

the articular cartilage becomes completely ossified.

B)

the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified.

C)

appositional growth at the periosteum stops.

D)

intramembranous ossification is complete.

33

Which type of bone growth is responsible for an increase in the diameter of bones?

A)

appositional growth

B)

interstitial growth

C)

endochondral growth

D)

trabecular growth

E)

intramembranous growth

34

Which of these statements concerning bone growth are correct?

A)

Increased amounts of testosterone and estrogen cause a rapid increase in bone growth.

B)

Testosterone and estrogen prevent ossification of the epiphyseal plate.

C)

Too little growth hormone can cause a condition called acromegaly.

D)

Too much growth hormone can cause dwarfism.

E)

Achondroplastic dwarfism is caused by too much thyroid hormone.

35

Osteomalacia can occur as a result of a

A)

vitamin C deficiency.

B)

vitamin D deficiency.

C)

lack of thyroid hormone.

D)

lack of growth hormone.

E)

lack of sex hormones.

36

A deficiency of vitamin C in the diet can result in

A)

decreased collagen synthesis.

B)

scurvy.

C)

poor wound healing.

D)

growth retardation in children.

E)

all of these

37

Arrange the following events in the correct order of occurrence after a bone is broken.