What is ethics?A few years ago, sociologist Raymond Baumhart asked business people, "What does ethics mean to you?" Among their replies were the following: "Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong.""Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs.""Being ethical is doing what the law requires.""Ethics consists of the standards of behavior our society accepts.""I don't know what the word means." The meaning of "ethics" is hard to pin down, and the views many people have about ethics are shaky. Like Baumhart's first respondent, many people tend to equate ethics with their feelings. But being ethical is clearly not a matter of following one's feelings. A person following his or her feelings may recoil from doing what is right. In fact, feelings frequently deviate from what is ethical. Being ethical is also not the same as following the law. The law often incorporates ethical standards to which most citizens subscribe. But laws, like feelings, can deviate from what is ethical. Being ethical is not the same as doing "whatever society accepts." In any society, most people accept standards that are, in fact, ethical. But standards of behavior in society can deviate from what is ethical. Moreover, if being ethical were doing "whatever society accepts," then to find out what is ethical, one would have to find out what society accepts. To decide what I should think about abortion, for example, I would have to take a survey of American society and then conform my beliefs to whatever society accepts. But no one ever tries to decide an ethical issue by doing a survey. Further, the lack of social consensus on many issues makes it impossible to equate ethics with whatever society accepts. Some people accept abortion but many others do not. If being ethical were doing whatever society accepts, one would have to find an agreement on issues which does not, in fact, exist. What, then, is ethics? Ethics is two things. First, ethics refers to well based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. Ethics, for example, refers to those standards that impose the reasonable obligations to refrain from rape, stealing, murder, assault, slander, and fraud. Ethical standards also include those that enjoin virtues of honesty, compassion, and loyalty. And, ethical standards include standards relating to rights, such as the right to life, the right to freedom from injury, and the right to privacy. Such standards are adequate standards of ethics because they are supported by consistent and well founded reasons. Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of one's ethical standards. As mentioned above, feelings, laws, and social norms can deviate from what is ethical. So it is necessary to constantly examine one's standards to ensure that they are reasonable and well-founded. Ethics also means, then, the continuous effort of studying our own moral beliefs and our moral conduct, and striving to ensure that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards that are reasonable and solidly-based.

How ethics evolve?Two sorts of factors come up in recent arguments for an innate basis of ethics: Emotional. These tend to be stressed by evolutionary theorists, following Darwin and his sources in 18th-century moral philosophy. Basic emotions. In line with the tradition stemming from 17th-century philosophy, there's an attempt to understand emotions in terms of a primitive set. The standard list doesn't include social emotions - and not all entries apply to nonhuman animals - but it's expandable to moral emotions via appeal beyond facial expression. Mechanisms of social transfer of emotions. Infants' tendency to facial imitation, gaze-following, emotional contagion or empathy, and similar factors explain the importance of cultural influence on emotions, even assuming an innate basis....

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...TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS (ETHICAL PREPOSITION)
Introduction
In the beginnings of human civilization, technology could not exceed the scope of human physical and sensory capabilities. Following the business revolution, the development of mass technological production and systems has drastically changed life and thought, expectations of the nature environment, and the moral landscapes of persons. The uniqueness of human beings in the world relies on the progress and expansion of technology, and all life activities are heavily tied to technology. Technology seems to have no limit and the power of technology affects areas such as politics, economics, business, culture, education, health service, work, leisure, and sports. However, life is increasingly tied to and surrounded by technology and technical schemes, and ethics is not an exception to this dramatic change (Munoz, 2004). Although technology helps humans to understand, reform, and control nature, the improper use and development of technology in businesses results in unethical practices such as environmental pollution, resource depletion, and ecological destruction.
Technology enriches material life and improves living conditions, but its rapid development and strong power may lead to ethical controversies such as cloning, genetic modification, replication technology, information misuse, computer crime, and nuclear weapons. These issues are inevitable because they challenge traditional...

...Ethical Principals for Protecting Research Participants
Participating in a research study is an opportunity for people to contribute to the advancement of healthcare practice or other measures. Researchers typically collect data from a population of people that share common characteristics that make them appropriate subjects for the area being studied. In order to assure that participants are adequately protected, a set ofethical principles should be adhered to by all research facilitators. “The Belmont Report articulates three primary ethical principles on which standards of ethical conduct in research are based: beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice” (Beck & Polit, 2006).
The principle of beneficence serves to minimize harm to participants, maximize the benefits of the study, and protect the participant from any form of exploitation. “In research with humans, harm and discomfort can take many forms: they can be physical, emotional, social, or financial” (Beck & Polit, 2006). Facilitators of any research study must be conscious of this and use strategies to alleviate potential of such harm. Ethical researchers must be prepared to terminate their study if any evidence of distress on the participants is discovered. Another duty that researchers face is to protect participants from exploitation. “Involvement in a study should not...

...www.ifgict.org
Version 2. 2014
History
IFGICT Standards
IFGICT sustainability standards dedicated to all
ICT products, services, and companies involved in ICT.
The IFGICT standards provide criteria and guidelines for
manufacturers, service providers, and companies to
work toward sustainability and reach IFGICT
certifications.
www.ifgict.org
Process - Steps to become certified
Registration
Audit Program
Onsite Visit/ Conference Call
Certification
Benefits
The world wants your business / Government to save green
and grow green by Going Green.
-
Competitive edge within the enviro-conscious
Positive PR to increase your visibility and customer base
More constructive relationship
Access to international conferences/meetings
Streamlined efficiency to reduce costs
Improved employee motivation and productivity
Impact to business
• 55% of consumers actively seek out eco-labels when making
purchasing decisions – Green certification will sway their
decision in your favor.
• 50% of consumers express over “Green” claims –IFGICT’s
certification can afford those concerns and increase sales.
• When consumers can do a side-by-side comparison
between products and services, they are twice as likely to
choose the Greener version. Stand out from the competition
by becoming Green certified
Green IT and Gov
Green-IT governance and strategy
• Understand why an organization implements green...

...After careful consideration of the lawsuits presented in Chapter 20 of the text, this writer chose two lawsuits that violate standards in which important future cases were based upon due to the outcomes of these cases. The first case is that within an employment setting in which testing was used to determine employee performance, yet was considered to not be valid or reliable. Griggs vs. Duke Power Company, 1971 brought to question if the testing that was being used to hold back African Americans from higher paying positions was valid (Kaplan &amp; Saccuzzo, 2009). The same test however, when given to the Caucasian employees, did not provide fruitful results as they too failed the test. Standards require that businesses must demonstrate that such tests are "reasonably related" to the job for which the test is required. Rulings of this case set the pace for civil rights actions in this regard for nearly twenty years to follow (Kaplan &amp; Saccuzzo, 2009).
Griggs v. Duke Power Co. also stated that the employer had the responsibility of producing and proving the necessity of a test in relation to the job. This leads this writer to the second case in which has been chosen which is Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Antonio, 1989. In this overturn of action, the courts reversed the burden of proof back upon the employees to provide evidence of the testing to be invalid and unreliable (Kaplan &amp; Saccuzzo, 2009). Given that employers know how to construe...

...ETHICS EXERCISE - Chris and Clare Ethical Dilemma Case
Discuss the ethical dilemma presented in this case.
Ethics are values, norms belief and expectations that determine how people within a culture live and act. An ethical dilemma is a situation that will often involve an apparent conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another. This is also called an ethical paradox. Theethical dilemma in this case is confidentiality and release of information issue. Ethical problem of information and privacy at work place moral requirement hold prominent position. Truthfulness and accuracy must be to a reasonable degree. Ethical frame of reference is important in any organization. Economically, the purpose of the new formula for the new beer and of the business organization is to maximize profit to the benefit for all, but their action is selfish. Legally, the law reflects of what is right and wrong, infringing on the company secret to make personal gain is legally unethical behavior. Religiously, everyone should act in accordance with religious teaching concerning stealing. Utilitarian theory says everyone should act in a way that generates the greatest benefits for the largest number of people; their action will only generate benefit to Chris and Clare.
Why do you think the rival brewery notified the brewery at which Chris and Clare...

...Facilitator’s Note Cards.
Learning Outcomes
Recognize and be able to discuss:
Army Professionals:
• Can clearly communicate and meet standards that are
describable, measurable, meaningful, and achievable.
• Uphold standards and develop discipline through
face-to-face coaching, counseling, and mentoring.
• Demonstrate discipline in performing right actions,
taking situational ownership and assuming
accountability for results.
• Understand that discipline is the positive way the
Army practices its profession.
Standards and Discipline
What are Standards?
• Standards are formal, detailed instructions –
describable, measurable, and achievable.
• While a standard normally represents the
minimum level for satisfactory performance
of duty, Army Professionals aspire to exceed
the standard.
• Standards include rules and regulations,
specifications, operational requirements, and
models of personal excellence.
Aspiring to Excellence
• Army Professionals demonstrate personal excellence
and pride through standards and discipline
• By upholding the Army Uniform and Insignia
standard (AR 670-1), we hold
ourselves accountable to a high but
achievable standard
• Professionals continually review and
improve standards over time
• Indicator of character: a disciplined
person can be counted on in difficult
times.
Army...

...GURDEEP SINGH
Student ID: HIC-140705
Submitted to: SHAMIR
TABLE OF CONTENT
custmore service standards 3
Introduction 3
Defining custmore service standards 3
Policies and procedures of custmore service standards 4
Planning and implementation 6
Monitoring custmore service standards 7
Conclusion 8
Customer service standards
Introduction
We are used to such phrases as ‘100% reliable’ and ‘works every time‘as they relate to products. These product quality standards have developed over time, as consumers have become more demanding of manufacturers.
But a tangible product is only one aspect of the supplier/customer relationship. The other aspect is service; indeed, in many businesses, there is no physical product. The only relationship is service.
Service standards are important for customers, potential customers, employees and management of a business. They help to define what a customer can expect and to remind management and employees of the challenge and obligations that they face.
Defining service standards
Service standards are usually defined in terms of:
timeliness
accuracy
appropriateness
Timeliness
‘Delivery in three days’ or ‘calls answered in 20 seconds’ are phrases that give the essence of a service standard that involves a timeline.
These statements need to be defined precisely before they...

...EthicalStandards and Codes
Stephenie Carter, Sundee Johnson, Saroja Nimmagadda, Selma Pasagic
University of Phoenix
EthicalStandards and Codes
Ethics to some is an intuition of what is right or wrong, and to others it is right or wrong defined by laws, rules, codes, or culture standards. Ethicalstandards and codes are essential in the professional world, especially in a clinical setting. Ethics guide reactions and interactions from which ethical decisions are made. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of ethicalstandards and codes in the field of psychology by defining ethicalstandards and codes, analyzing the impact of societal norms, evaluating the influence of the APA’s ethicalstandards and codes on professional practice, and explaining the importance of professional ethicalstandards and codes.
Standards and Codes
Ethicalstandards initiate the foundation of what is right or wrong. So what are ethics? According to Resnik (2010) “the most common way of defining ethics are norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior but could also be defined as the disciplines that study standards of conduct or a method, procedure, or prospective...