Monday, 20 August 2012

1960's JERUSALEM Part 1

This video was made to accompany the blog, it has all the pictures included in the blog. Backing track All Angels.

Yesterday (18/08/2012) while browsing in a Charity Shop, this
book literally jumped out at me, it is a hard back copy of a Book about
Jerusalem.

The pictures in this book tell a story of three of the Worlds
most prevalent religions, which are all rooted in this ancient city. Islam,
Christianity and Judaism all claim ancestry from this City.

These amazing pictures were taken during the 1960’s, they
capture moments in time that I felt should be available on line. The
historical, religious and political interest in Jerusalem is Universal, because
of my own personal appreciation of these pictures, I felt others would also
appreciate them, so I have dedicated a whole day to scanning them and making
them available on line. My scanner is ancient in PC terms, and it is attached
to my equally prehistoric PC, so scanning them to file was a laborious process.

This blog is not about my personal religious or political beliefs;
it is merely to make these images available on line. All commentary will be
taken from the book unless otherwise stated.

The book was published in 1969 by Heinemann, then in 1976 by
Time Life Book’s, the Author is an Englishman called Colin Thubron, and the
photographer Jay Maisel, a native of New York. Both author and photographer
strived to document the city and its inhabitants without prejudice.

Christian symbols of cross, thorns and chalice in Dominus Flevit
church overlook one of Islam’s greatest shrines, the Golden Dome of the Rock.
The Dome itself stands on the site of the Temples of Solomon and Herod, sacred
in the memory of the Jews.

The Fatherly Abraham cradles in his lap members of Jerusalem’s three
faiths-Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In this twelfth century illumination
from a French Bible.

Although the three religions differ radically, they all venerate
the Patriarch who broke from the worship of many Gods to focus on one God
alone.

A trick of the light on a misty winter’s day trims sprawling
Jerusalem to the proportions of the Old walled city.

(left) An Arab Pedlar

The realm of Biblical seers and prophets, the eroded Judean Hills to the East of Jerusalem stretch to the horizon in parched desolation.

This is the so called Wilderness where John the Baptist preached, and Jesus came to fast and meditate for 40 days and 40 nights.

Joined by the patron (centre) outside his café, men wearing
kaffiyehs sit in the sunshine and shade and indulge an Arab passion: animated
conversations.

Two Muslim women stroll along El-Wad, another of the Old Cities
thoroughfares. They are veiled in strict adherence to Muslim orthodoxy.

Bending beneath his sombre load, a porter carries a coffin of
rough boards, its lid ominously agape. Its destination: A Christian dwelling,
where a man has died.

Shielded from the late sun by a café’s half-lowered shutter, two
young Arabs study their newspaper.

Two intense Café customers pursue a conversation, seemingly
unaware of their Spartan surroundings.

In a quiet corner an elderly Arab reflectively smokes his
narghile, or water pipe. Local tobacco is employed, sometimes combined with a
little hashish.

A solitary Orthodox Jew, picked out by a light of dawn, walks
through a still shuttered Muslim Street on his way to pray at the wailing wall.

Absorbed in his prayer book, and old Jew sits close by the
Moroccan Gate leading to the site of the ancient Jewish Temples. His orthodoxy
demands that he does not visit the area, where now the Dome of the Rock stands,
for fear of treading on the sacred ground that was the Temples “Holy of Holies”.

2. The Place of David

Ancient Olive Trees grow in tiers on crumbling terraces that criss-cross the slopes under the Old City’s Eastern Walls. For centuries olives have been the main agricultural of the rocky hill country around Jerusalem

Cavernous limestone quarries that run 250 yards into the heart of the hill beneath the Old City were cut in the 1st Century BC by Herod’s masons, and perhaps begun 900 years earlier by King Solomon.

Sealed of by the Turks in the 16th Century, they were rediscovered only by accident in 1852.

A low tunnel dug by Jebusites more than 3,000 years ago, leads away into the dark interior of Mt Ophel from the underground spring of Gihon. Threatened by Assyrian conquest in the 8th Century

The upturned
palm of this blind man, one of Jerusalem’s many beggars, is an invitation for
the Muslim devout to perform their religious duty of almsgiving.

Many on
their way to work automatically drop coins into waiting hands.

History
built in stone.

The colour
of Jerusalem, humble houses and grandiose monuments alike, is the colour of its
local limestone. Herodian, Byzantine, Crusader and Turkish masonry, weathered
to honey, grey green or gold forms a patchwork, the stones of one period often
used again in the next.

A wall of
Grief and Joy.

Written
prayers tucked into crevices in the stones of the wall are thought by those who
place them there to carry their messages straight to God.

In the heat
of the afternoon, the broad Plaza before the Wailing Wall is deserted although
worshippers cluster at the wall itself.

The open
space dates from after The Six-Day War of 1967, when the crowed houses of the
Moroccan quarter were demolished to make way for the paved Plaza.

Above the
wall and to the left is the golden Dome of The Rock, and at the far right
gleams the silver dome of the Aqsa Mosque, another focus of Muslim veneration
and worship.

After
finishing their service one group starts a joyful dance while others still pray
at the wall. The woven screen separates the men from the women.

At the wall,
adults fasten straps holding a phylactery (a prayer box) to a boy’s arm during
a bar mitzvah.

Awed by the
rite, the 13 year old wears on his brow a phylactery containing Old Testament
verses.

At a night
time swearing in ceremony the burning insignia of Israeli Paratroopers casts an
orange glow on the floodlit wall. All Israeli paratroopers-members of the elite
force that regained possession of the wall from the Jordanians in 1967 - are
sworn in here.

They pledge to themselves
at this relic of Herod’s temple to protect the new “Temple” – today’s state of
Israel from any foe.

3. The Yoke of
Greece and Rome

Carved from
the cliff that now encloses it, the tomb of Zachariah (it is in fact a funerary
monument to a priestly family) dates from the 3rd or 2nd
century BC. When Greeks held sway over Jerusalem.

Behind it
are the more recent graves of Jews, and at its base is a pit dug in 1961 by
archaeologists searching for treasure believed to have been buried there in the
1st century AD by Jews fleeing Roman persecution.

Survivors of Herod’s day, The stables of Solomon were misnamed by the
Crusaders who kept their horses here. The piers and vaults still support a
broad esplanade, once part of Herod’s Temple complex.

At sunrise,
newly-bought sheep, led by goats and followed by their owner, head home along a
road that winds through a crowded Muslim Graveyard.

Miniature replica of Herod's Temple

A model of
Herod’s Jerusalem, complete with Herod’s Temple (above) occupies grounds of the
Holyland Hotel. The structure with towers is the Antonia Fortress, while to the
far right of it, just outside the wall is Golgotha, the place of the scull,
where tradition places Jesus’s crucifixion.

Behind the
fortress a broad rampart forms the structure that partially survives today as
the Wailing Wall.

4 The Presence of Christ

Six bullion
domes poke into the mist blanketing the grounds of the convent church of St
Mary Magdalene near the Garden of Gethsemane.

Christ in
his moment of agony in the Garden of Gethsemane is the subject of this mosaic
on the façade of the Church of all Nations in the Garden of Gethsemane itself.

Successive
churches have stood on the site since the 4th century. This one,
built in the 20th century with donations from 12 Nations, houses the
stone on which Jesus is believed to have prayed before his arrest.

In her parlour
in the Russian convent at Gethsemane, the Mother Superior remembers the Russia
of the Czars, commemorated in pictures on the walls.

Looking down
from among them is a large photograph of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodrovna,
who carried out the building of the convent’s church before the Russian
Revolution and is buried there today.

In the
convent of St Mary Magdalene at Gethsemane there are three elderly Russian Nuns
who busy themselves painting icons.

Modern
gravestones-topped by rocks left by Jews as a record of their visits – crowd among
ancient tombs in the Jewish cemetery on the slope of the Mount of Olives. For
the devout there can be no more Holier burial ground than this, lying as it
does so close to the site of the ancient temples.

The Massive
stump of Phasael’s Tower (left) and the Domes of the Church of the Holy
Sepulche (right) dominate a lithograph by British artist David Roberts

5. The Heart of Christendom

Keeping watch over the site of Christ’s tomb, in the church of
the Holy Sepulchre is an icon of the Virgin Mary. Her face and hand have been
blackened and effected by age the heat and soot of the candles and the kisses
of Pilgrims.

Led by Franciscans, the procession of Pilgrims that sets out every
Friday to retrace Christ’s steps to Calvary halts for prayers (aided by a
microphone), at the seventh station of the cross.

The washing of Jesus’s body after it was taken from the cross,
an event that according to belief took place on this spot.

Uniformed boys from the Armenian school line up at the entrance
to the Holy Sepulchre, where they have come to worship.

Votive lamps suspended above Christ's tomb by various sects suggest the crowded conditions prevalent in the church of the Holy Sepulchre.

The Franciscans

The
Franciscan order, reputedly established in the Holy Land when St. Francis
travelled there in 1219, has been the chief representative of the Roman Church
in Jerusalem ever since the Crusader period.

Dimly lit, a
modern mosaic of the Crucifixion rises sombrely – and symbolically – behind the
altar of the Franciscan Chapel on the side of Calvary.

The simple
Franciscan Chapel of Calvary inside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre stands on
the spot where the Crucifixion is believed to have taken place.

Only a few
feet from the plain Franciscan chapel, a blaze of candlelight shed a golden
lustre on the Orthodox Chapel of Calvary.

An Orthodox
Priest on duty borrows a votive candle to read his paper.

An archway
through which Jesus is supposed to have passed through as he carried the cross
to Calvary.

The Armenians

Armenian
Christians have been in Jerusalem for over 1,500 years. Like the Eastern
Orthodox and Roman Catholics, they have secure rights in the church of the Holy
Sepulchre.

Choir,
congregation and hooded clergy celebrate the liturgy in the huge Church of Saint
James, rich with lamps, wall tiles and fine carpets.

Unmistakable in their pointed hoods, Armenian Monks pass by a grille.

The Ethiopians

In the
vicissitudes of its history the small but ancient Ethiopian, or Abyssinian,
sect has lost most of the rights of possession it once had in the church of the
Holy Sepulchre. The Monks now live a humble, contemplative life on the roof of
the chapel of Saint Helen, stubbornly guarding their privileges against the
rival claims of neighbouring copts.

On the roof
of the Holy Sepulchre, interlocking walls and arches of different periods give
the Ethiopian Monks a small complex world of their own.