9 Spread of Infection 3 main routes of transmission ContactDirect / IndirectMost frequent means of transmissionDropletGenerated during coughing, sneezing, talkingAirborneGenerated by coughing, sneezing, OR by, OR by air currents

14 When to wash hands When you arrive at the centre Before handling foodBefore eatingAfter changing nappies\after going to the toiletAfter cleaning up, coming onto contact with faeces or vomit or other body fluidsAfter wiping noses (either your own or a childs)

16 Specific childcare issuesToysAll shared toys should be able to be washedSandpitsKeep well maintained and cleanEnsure good drainage, rake often , coverDispose of any soiling (blood, faeces, etc)Blood / body fluid spillsWear glovesDetergent & water +/- bleachDispose of soiled articles or place in waterproof bag for parents to take home

17 Food Ensure that tables and area are cleanWash your own and the children’s handsDo not share food, plates, eating utensilsServe food rather than use a communal dishUse a separate spoon for each baby fed

18 Handling food Wash hands Keep raw food separate from cooked foodsUse different utensils for raw and cooked foodsKeep food hot or cold (do not keep food warm for a period of time)Reheat food and bottles only onceThrow out left overs

20 Infectious diseasesHave a written policy regarding what to do if a child is unwell, may include:Notify director and parentsSeparate ill childTake the child’s temperatureEncourage parents to inform staff if a family member is ill

24 Infectious diseases and staffMost infectious diseases can be prevented by good hand washingEnsure immunization status is up to datePregnant staff should be aware that some diseases may have an impact on their pregnancyInfected child care workers may be excluded from working

25 Meningococcal DiseaseBacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidisTransmitted by contact or dropletNon infectious after 24 hours of appropriate antibiotic therapySignificant contacts traced and may be given prophylaxis

27 MeaslesComplications more common and severe in chronically ill and very young childrenTransmitted by droplet and contact with respiratory secretionsInfectious for 4 days before and after rashVaccination availableNotifiable disease

29 Rubella In early pregnancy risk of teratogenic damage to fetusInfectious for 7 days before and days after onset of rashInfants with congenital rubella may shed virus for several months or yearsTransmitted by droplet routeVaccination availableNotifiable disease

31 Varicella Zoster Virus Chicken PoxHighly contagiousMost cases in children, over 90% of adult population is immuneTransmitted by droplet and contactInfectious 2 days prior and days after rashNow a notifiable diseaseVaccination now available

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