The game of February 12, 1898, between Ottawa and the Victorias was notable because Fred Chittick, the regular goalkeeper of Ottawa staged a one-man strike because he had not received his share of complimentary tickets. Ottawa played A. Cope instead and lost 9–5, the fans in attendance heckled the defence pair of Harvey Pulford and Weldy Young, and in response Mr. Young went into the crowd to attack a spectator.

From February 14 through 19th, the Shamrocks toured New York city, playing teams of the Amateur Hockey League, they played the New York Hockey Club twice and the Brooklyn Skating Club once. The Shamrocks split the two with New York 2–1 and 0–1[1] at the Lexington Avenue Ice Palace, the series was considered close however in the second game play turned rough and several Montreal players were ejected; Brown (Montreal) and Billy Russell (New York). Benny Phillips of New York would score the only goal and assists were rewarded to DeCasanova and Russell,[1] the Shamrocks also defeated Brooklyn 4–3 at the Clermont Avenue Rink.[1][2]

The first game was dubbed by the American media as establishing the amateur international championship, between the top American team, The New York Athletic Club and the top Canadian team the Montreal Victorias,[3] after the season, the Victorias visited New York, first playing the New York Athletic Club at the St. Nicholas Rink, winning 6–1 on March 4. The game was in attendance of 3000 people, the game was noted as the Victorias were able to 'disarm' their oppoenents illustrating stealing the puck from the opposeing players through stickhandling. Montreal scorers were (2 goals each) Macdougall, Davidson, Drinkwater to Fenwicks single goal [4]

Prior to the season, Victorias would play Ottawa Capitals of the CCHA in a single-elimination game on December 27, 1897, winning 15–2, it was originally scheduled as the first best-of-three challenge, but the series ended after the first game because the Victorias clearly was the superior team with a 15–2 victory and the Ottawa team withdrew its challenge.

1.
Amateur Hockey Association of Canada
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The Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was an amateur mens ice hockey league founded on 8 December 1886, in existence until 1898. It was the ice hockey league organized in Canada, after one in Kingston. It was organized to provide a season to determine the Canadian champion. Prior to its founding the Canadian championship was determined in a tournament in Montreal and it is the first championship ice hockey league. A meeting was called, for those in favor of the formation of a Dominion hockey association, for the evening of 8 December 1886. James Stewart, J. G. Monk, H. A. Budden, E. Sheppard, green of Ottawa had played on the 1883 McGill hockey team. In that age, ice hockey was a different game compared to today. These were defined as, left wing centre right wing rover point coverpoint The left wing, centre and right wing were the forwards, the rover would line up behind the centre, with the point and coverpoint following, in an I formation towards the goaltender. The face offs were at an angle to todays practice. The goaltenders used no special equipment, the goals were two posts, with no crossbar. An umpire would judge the legality of each score, there were no boards along the sides of the ice, and there were no standard dimensions for a rink, although dimensions were instituted for the positioning of the goal out from the ends of the rink. A match was two halves of thirty minutes, sudden-death overtime was also in place, and a match would continue until a goal was scored in the event of a tie after regulation. Players in all positions would normally play the entire 60 minutes, the captains of contesting teams shall agree upon two umpires and a referee. All questions as to games shall be settled by the umpires, all disputes on the ice shall be settled by the referee, and his decision shall be final. The game shall be commenced and renewed by a bully in the centre of the rink, goals, six feet wide and four feet high, which shall be changed after each game, unless otherwise agreed. A player must always be on his own side of the puck, the puck may be stopped, but not carried or knocked on, by any part of the body. No player shall raise his stick above his shoulder, when the puck gets off the ice behind the goals it shall be taken by the referee to five yards at right angles from the goal line and there faced. When the puck goes off the ice at the sides it shall be taken by the referee at five yards at right angles from the boundary line and there faced

2.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball

3.
Montreal Victorias
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The Victoria Hockey Club of Montreal, Quebec, Canada was an early mens amateur ice hockey club. Its date of origin is ascribed to either 1874,1877 or 1881, the club played at its own rink, the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal. The club was winners of the Stanley Cup in 1895 and held it except for a period in 1896 until 1899, the club remained amateur, splitting from the ranks of teams turned professional in 1908. The amateur hockey club was the first winner of the Allan Cup, the club often also fielded junior and intermediate teams. In 1875, the first recorded organized game took place at its rink, the Victoria Skating Rink. Until 1883, there was only exhibition matches against other teams in Montreal, tournaments would begin in 1883 at the Montreal Winter Carnival. On January 10,1882, the Victoria Hockey Club held what was described as its first annual meeting, other directors included George W. Gardner as vice-president, secretary-treasurer was Charles Lamothe. Hockey was played with balls and pucks during this period. According to McGill hockey club member W. L. Murray, by 1881 it was played with a square puck. According to Murray, the Victoria club of the 1880s is credited with eliminating the square edges, in 1886, the club helped to found the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. The team played in league from 1887-1898. It was during this period that the team had its greatest success, winning the Stanley Cup in 1895, December 1896,1897,1898 and they also won the AHAC league in 1895,1896,1897 and 1898. In 1894, the participated in the first Stanley Cup playoff. The team resigned from the AHAC in 1898 over the proposal to allow the Ottawa Capitals into the league, the CAHL itself folded in 1905 and the team helped found the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. The league allowed amateurs and professionals to play against each other openly, the Victorias played in the league for two years as a purely amateur team leaving the ECAHA after the 1908 season to focus on amateur play. In 1908, the new Allan Cup was awarded to the Victorias as the top team at the time. The Victorias remained active in amateur play in the Interprovincial Amateur Hockey Union until 1913. From 1913–1923, the club was a member of the Montreal City Hockey League, the club then joined the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey League

4.
Stanley Cup
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The Stanley Cup is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoff winner. The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games, Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. After a series of mergers and folds, it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926. There are actually three Stanley Cups, the bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the authenticated Presentation Cup. The NHL has maintained control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks. Nevertheless, the NHL does not actually own the trophy, the original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres in height and 29 centimetres in diameter. The current Stanley Cup, topped with a copy of the bowl, is made of a silver and nickel alloy, it has a height of 89.54 centimetres. Unlike the trophies awarded by the major professional sports leagues of North America. Originally, the winners kept it until a new champion was crowned, currently, winning teams get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. It is unusual among trophies to include winning members names, every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, initially a new band added each year, though this caused the trophy to grow in size, earning the nickname Stovepipe Cup. In 1958 the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing, when the band is full, the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanleys Cup, The Holy Grail, the Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 100 times by 18 active NHL teams, prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine different teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, the Stanley Cup was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11,1888, he, Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreals 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club. The Montreal Gazette reported that he expressed his delight with the game of hockey

5.
Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
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The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, was a semi-professional ice hockey league founded in 1896 and existing through the 1910s. Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the league was the pre-eminent ice hockey league at the time in the United States and it was the first league to openly hire and trade players. In 1895, Pittsburgh officials, constructed the Schenley Park Casino which featured the first artificial ice-making plant in North America, the 1895-96 winter season also saw the first introduction of hockey in the city. On December 30,1895, the Pittsburgh Press made mention of an international hockey. The paper noted that 2,500 to 3,000 fans showed up to watch the game, no score or records were reportedly kept but the paper did note that the team from Queens University outplayed the Pittsburghers, who had never played the game before. The city quickly realized that in order to make money they would need to have more events than just speed skating, family skates and they decided that since hockey was a relatively new game, it could catch on in Pittsburgh. The PAC was managed by Charles S. Miller, who became the leagues president, the league played at the Casino twice a week, on Tuesday and Friday nights. The first big league game was November 17,1896 between Duquesne and PAC, won by Duquesne 2–1. Play continued until December 16, when the Casino rink was destroyed by fire, the league dissolved without a championship. The league would remain dormant until 1899 and the erection of a rink at the Duquesne Gardens. The league was revived with three teams, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, Pittsburgh Duquesne and Western University, the PAC won the leagues first championship. The following season the Pittsburgh Bankers, which was composed entirely of bankers, were admitted to the league, despite the fact that the league could be traced back to 1895, the WPHL wasnt officially started until the 1901-02 season. In 1901, Arthur Sixsmith, a member of the Ottawa Senators, traveled to Pittsburgh. The two men, along with the manager of the Duquesne Gardens, James Wallace Conant, then established the WPHL. By 1902, Sixsmith convinced several Canadian players, including his brother Garnet Sixsmith, to come to Pittsburgh, also in 1901, the Keystone Bicycle Club was admitted to the league, replacing Western University. The Keystones were instrumental in changing the league from amateur to professional, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club repeated as champions, although the Keystones were instantly competitive. In one memorable game occurred during this era, the WPHLs Garnet Sixsmith scored 11 goals in a game at the Duqesne Gardens. The 1901–02 season is considered the first season whereby the league was recognized as professional, the league had three teams in 1901-02, Pittsburgh Bankers, Pittsburgh Athletic Club and the Pittsburgh Keystones

6.
Canadian Amateur Hockey League
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The league existed for seven seasons, folding in 1905 and was itself replaced by the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. Formed because of a dispute between teams of the AHAC, it developed the sport in its transition to professional. The CAHL itself would fold over a dispute, leading to the new ECAHA league, the annual meeting of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was held in Montreal on December 10,1898, and was reported as a cataclysm in the hockey world. At the previous meeting, the application of the Ottawa Capitals to join was declined. In 1898, the Capitals had won the championship and applied again for AHAC membership. The AHAC executive then voted in favor of admitting the Capitals for league membership and this led to the representatives of the Quebec, Montreal Victorias and Ottawa clubs opting to withdraw from the association. The representative of the Montreal Hockey Club asked the group to reconsider but was declined, the withdrawing teams then met at the Windsor Hotel the same day. A representative of the McGill University also attended on the possibility that McGill would join, on December 14, the group met again and organized the CAHL, adding also the Montreal Shamrocks and not McGill. The new league adopted the constitution of the AHAC. Proposed by the Quebec team, a rope was used to connect the tops of the goal posts. Attached to the rope and the posts was netting in a pocket, nets had been in use for the goals in lacrosse and ice polo. The nets became a permanent part of the CAHL rinks after a series in 1899. The league would stay with the five teams until the 1904 season. During the season, Ottawa withdrew from the league in a dispute with the league, the league continued its schedule with the remaining four teams. The following season, the league admitted the Montreal Le National and Montreal Westmount clubs in place of Ottawa, which joined the Federal Amateur Hockey League. It would be the season of the league, as in the off-season the Montreal Wanderers and Ottawa would form the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. † Stanley Cup winner ‡ Ottawa resigned February 8,1904, Federal Amateur Hockey League List of Stanley Cup champions List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues

7.
International Professional Hockey League
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The International Professional Hockey League was the first fully professional Ice hockey league, operating from 1904 to 1907. It was formed by Jack Doc Gibson, a dentist who played hockey throughout Ontario before settling in Houghton, the IPHL was a five team circuit which included Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Calumet, Michigan and Houghton, the IPHL was instrumental in changing the nature of top-level senior mens ice hockey from amateur to professional. In the time period around 1900, leagues in Canada fought against the professionalization of athletics, any player who figures on any of these teams must be banished from Ontario Hockey. However, it wasnt until the Portage Lakes Hockey Club and the formation of the IPHL in 1904 that any hockey league achieved full-fledged professional status, in the early 20th century, the mining industry was making huge investments in Northern Michigan. In the fall of 1903, James R. Dee of Houghton started discussions with Western Pennsylvania Hockey League representatives in Pittsburgh regarding the establishment of a national hockey association, houghtons team had played against Pittsburghs for a de facto United States national championship in ice hockey. In 1903–04, the professional Houghton team, without a league of its own, marie, Ontario and Michigan prompting the OHA to ban both the American Soo Indians and Canadian Sault Hockey Club from competing against Canadian amateur teams. As a result, the two teams had nowhere to go but to the professional league. A meeting was held on November 5,1904 which included prominent business leaders from Pittsburgh, a number of cities were considered for this new professional league including Montreal, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Milwaukee, Grand Rapids, and Duluth. However, the league accepted teams from Houghton, Pittsburgh, the two Soos, and Calumet, the representatives of the Canadian Soo suggested a revenue sharing plan that would divide gate receipts in a 60–40 home-visitor split. This revenue sharing plan would make the journey to Pittsburgh possible, considering that team played at the 5. The WPHL, which had been paying players to play ice hockey since 1901, put its best professionals into one team, the Pittsburgh Pros, the Houghton Portage Lakes team played at what was a new facility at the time called the Amphidrome on Portage Lake. The Calumet-Laurium Miners, a rival of the Houghton team. Marie, Michigan made the Ridge Street Ice-A-Torium, the curling club. Marie, Ontario team or Canadian Soo as it was called also played at its local curling rink, the International Hockey League attracted some of the best players from established Canadian amateur leagues. Every player received a salary of at least $15 to $40 a week. Ottawas Hod Stuart, was paid $1,800 by the Calumet Miners to play for the team, cyclone Taylor was enticed into the league with a salary offer of more than $3,000. In many cases, this meant that IHL managers would have to completely new teams each season

8.
Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association
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The Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association was a mens amateur – later professional – ice hockey league in Canada that played four seasons. It was founded on December 11,1905 with the top clubs from two leagues, four from the Canadian Amateur Hockey League and two from the Federal Amateur Hockey League. It was formed to maximize the revenues of a now popular spectator sport, the league would itself dissolve in 1909 over a dispute between team owners over business issues. Founding The CAHL held its meeting on December 9,1905. At that meeting it was decided that amalgamation with the FAHL should be attempted, on December 11, it was announced that the amalgamation would form a new league, the ECAHA. The CAHL was discontinued, but the FAHL would continue, the first executive was elected, Howard Wilson, Montreal G. P. Murphy, Ottawa Dr. From the start, the league allowed teams to use professional players. The players who were professionals had to be printed publicly, in 1908, the amateur-only Montreal Victorias and Montreal Hockey Club teams left the league. The league became a league, leading to several amateurs retiring from their teams. In significance of the change the league was renamed the Eastern Canada Hockey Association, in November 1909, the league dissolved over the plans of the Wanderers to move to an arena with fewer spectator seats. The three other teams announced that they were leaving the ECHA, creating the Canadian Hockey Association, the Wanderers helped form a competing league, the National Hockey Association. The CHA played for less than two weeks, merging with the NHA in January 1910, a silver championship trophy, designated the Arena Cup, was donated by the Montreal Arena Company. It was crafted from 90 ounces of sterling silver and designed by Birks of Montreal, after the Wanderers won it in 1906 through 1908, they were given the trophy permanently, a condition engraved in the silver of the trophy. The trophy is now on permanent display in the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto, a - Ottawa and Wanderers are both considered 1906 Stanley Cup Champions. List of Stanley Cup champions List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues Coleman, the Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol

9.
Ontario Professional Hockey League
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The Ontario Professional Hockey League, sometimes referred to as the Trolley League, and also known as the Canadian Hockey League in its time, was a professional ice hockey league in Canada. It was a professional league and consisted of teams from Toronto. The leagues annual champion would challenge for the Stanley Cup, the Ontario Professional Hockey League was organized in November 1907. The Toronto Professionals had been playing games against teams of the International Professional Hockey League. In early November 1907, the International League had folded, reducing the number of opponents for Toronto, at the annual meeting of the Toronto team on November 7, the first discussions of a possible league were held. A founding meeting was held in Berlin, Ontario on November 12 where a league was formed with Berlin, Brantford, Guelph, the leagues initial name was the Canadian Hockey League and the officers were, J. P. Downey, M. P. P. Guelph, Hon. President, Alex Mine, Toronto, President A. B, burnley, Brantford, Vice-President N. E. Irving, Guelph, Secretary Otto Vogelsang, Berlin, Treasurer J. C. Palmer, Toronto, George Roehmer, Berlin, J. A. Fitzgerald, Guelph and Roy Brown, the rules would be based on the Ontario Hockey Association and the International League. Representatives of Galt had shown interest in being a part of the league, in the 1908 off-season, Brantford left the league and was replaced by Galt and St. Catharines. Galt would win the OPHL championship and Galt challenged for the Stanley Cup in January 1909, after the 1909 season, Guelph, St. Catharines and Toronto left the league. In 1910 the OPHL added the Waterloo Colts to become a four-team league, Berlin got off to such a strong start in the season, that the league decided to start a new season in later January. In March 1910, Berlin challenged the Wanderers for the Cup and were defeated, the leagues final attempt to win the Cup came a year later in March 1911, with Galt again losing to Ottawa, which now played in the National Hockey Association. The league disbanded after the 1911 season, the OPHL teams were raided for players by the NHA after the NHA was itself raided for players by the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. Players who left included Eddie Oatman, Jack McDonald and Goldie Prodgers, the Moncton Victorias of the Maritime Professional Hockey League signed nearly all of the champion Galt teams players. The Victorias would win the MPHL championship and challenge NHA champion Quebec, a namesake league would play for one season in 1930–31 with teams in Galt, Guelph, Kitchener, Niagara Falls, Oshawa and Stratford. † Guelph and St. Catharines withdrew after six games of the schedule, List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues Coleman, Charles L. The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol.1, 1893–1926 inc

10.
National Hockey Association
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The National Hockey Association, officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited, was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the predecessor to todays National Hockey League. Founded in 1909 by Ambrose OBrien, the NHA introduced six-man hockey by removing the rover position in 1911, during its lifetime, the league coped with competition for players with the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association, the enlistment of players for World War I and disagreements between owners. The disagreements between owners came to a head in 1917, when the NHA suspended operations in order to get rid of an unwanted owner. The remaining NHA team owners started the NHL in parallel as a measure, to continue play while negotiations went on with Livingstone. A year later, after no progress was reached with Livingstone, the NHAs rules, constitution and trophies were continued in the NHL. In November 1909, the Eastern Canada Hockey Association, holder of the Stanley Cup, the Montreal Wanderers team of the ECHA had been bought by P. J. Doran, owner of the Jubilee Rink in Montreal and he intended to move the teams games there. The Jubilee was smaller than the Wanderers current rink, the Montreal Arena which meant visiting teams would earn less on their trips to play the Wanderers. On November 25,1909, the teams in the league disbanded the ECHA and formed the new Canadian Hockey Association. The team had applied to the Stanley Cup trustees as champions of the Federal League, at the November 25 CHA founding meeting, held at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal, OBrien applied to join the CHA but the application was rejected. Sitting in the lobby of the hotel after the CHA meeting, OBrien met Jimmy Gardner of the Wanderers, together, they decided to form their own league, the National Hockey Association. At the same time, to build a rivalry and capture francophone interest in Montreal, OBrien and Gardner conceived of creating a team consisting of francophone players, to be managed by francophones. In all, OBrien and his father, Michael John OBrien, were financing four teams in the league, the Renfrew Creamery Kings, Cobalt, Haileybury, the Cobalt and Haileybury clubs were from the Timiskaming Professional Hockey League and Renfrew from the Federal Hockey League. Along with the Wanderers, the league had five teams, the OBriens were determined to win the Stanley Cup and a bidding war for players immediately started. Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick were each signed by the Renfrew Millionaires for $3,000 apiece, Renfrew also signed star player Cyclone Taylor of the champion Ottawa Senators team, reputedly at $5,000 per season. Attendance at the CHA games was poor and a meeting of the NHA was held on January 15,1910 to discuss a merger of the two leagues. Instead, the NHA admitted Ottawa and the Montreal Shamrocks to the NHA, the owners of the Montreal Le National were offered the ownership of the Canadiens but turned it down. The Quebec Bulldogs and the teams of the CHA were not even considered for membership

11.
Pacific Coast Hockey Association
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The PCHA was considered to be a major league of ice hockey and was important in the development of the sport of professional ice hockey through its innovations. The league was started by the Patrick family, professional players from Montreal, building new arenas in Vancouver and Victoria. After a few years of play, the league was accepted by the Stanley Cup trustees as being of a high standard that teams from its league were accepted for Stanley Cup challenges. Starting in 1915, the league entered into an agreement where the Stanley Cup was to be contested between the National Hockey Association and the PCHA after the seasons were finished. The league struggled to make money, and various teams moved into different cities in an attempt to be successful financially, eventually, the league, to survive, merged with the WCHL in 1924. After playing for the Renfrew Millionaires in 1910, players Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick moved west to Nelson, after Joe decided to sell the business in January 1911, the Patricks decided then to form a new professional ice hockey league, risking the family fortune. The decision was made to put new rinks in Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, locations which necessitated the use of artificial ice, three teams, the New Westminster Royals, the Victoria Senators, and the Vancouver Millionaires would be formed. The Patricks moved quickly, buying property for the arenas in February, ground was broken for the arenas in April and the arenas were completed in December. Victorias arena seated 4,000, and cost $110,000, all players were paid by the league, unlike the NHA with its competing teams. The PCHA distributed players amongst the teams, Newsy Lalonde of the Canadiens would be the most notable player to move west, to play for Vancouver. The league was organized on December 7,1911 to be run by Frank and Lester. The Victoria arena would open to the public on Christmas Day 1911, the first league championship for the Patterson Cup trophy was won by the New Westminster Royals. The league did not challenge for the Stanley Cup the first year, despite the raiding of the NHA, a March 1912 west coast tour of the NHAs all-stars was arranged, billed as a sort of World Series of hockey. The NHA all-stars included Cyclone Taylor, a name in the East. After the PCHA all-stars won the first two games 10–4 and 5–1, leaving the outcome in no doubt, the NHA manager Art Ross decided to let Taylor play at the Patricks request. Taylor would put on a display of ice hockey prowess for the British Columbia fans. For the 1912–13 season the PCHA continued to raid the east for players, besides Taylor, Goldie Prodgers, Eddie Oatman, Jack McDonald and Ernie Johnson moved out west, although Newsy Lalonde returned to Montreal. The New Westminster rink, to be built by local interests, was not ready, Victoria would win the season and the club arranged for an exhibition series of the Stanley Cup champion Quebec Bulldogs

12.
History of the National Hockey League
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The history of the National Hockey League begins with the end of its predecessor league, the National Hockey Association, in 1917. The NHLs first quarter-century saw the league compete against two rival major leagues—the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and Western Canada Hockey League—for players and the Stanley Cup, the NHLs footprint spread across Canada as Foster Hewitts radio broadcasts were heard coast-to-coast starting in 1933. The Great Depression and World War II reduced the league to six teams, later known as the Original Six, by 1942. Maurice Richard became the first player to score 50 goals in a season in 1944–45, Gordie Howe made his debut in 1946, and retired 35 seasons later as the NHLs all-time leader in goals and points. China Clipper Larry Kwong becomes the first non-white player in the league, breaking the NHL colour barrier in 1948, Willie ORee broke the NHLs black colour barrier when he suited up for the Bruins in 1958. In 1959, Jacques Plante became the first goaltender to regularly use a mask for protection, the Original Six era ended in 1967 when the NHL doubled in size by adding six new expansion teams. The six existing teams were formed into the newly created East Division, the NHL continued to expand, adding another six teams, to total 18 by 1974. Bobby Hull was the most famous player to defect to the rival league, eventually, Soviet-Bloc players streamed into the NHL with the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. Since then, the league has grown from 22 teams in 1992 to 31 today as the NHL spread its footprint across the United States, Wayne Gretzky passed Gordie Howe as the NHLs all-time leading scorer in 1994 when he scored his 802nd career goal. Mario Lemieux overcame non-Hodgkin lymphoma to finish his NHL career with over 1,700 points, increased use of defence-focused systems helped cause scoring to fall in the late 1990s, leading some to argue that the NHLs talent pool had been diluted by 1990s expansion. The first attempts to regulate competitive ice hockey came in the late 1880s. Before then, teams competed in tournaments and infrequent challenge contests that prevailed in the Canadian sports world at the time, in 1887, four clubs from Montreal formed the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada and developed a structured schedule. In 1892, Lord Stanley donated the Stanley Cup to be symbolic of the Canadian championship and appointed Philip Dansken Ross and it was awarded to the AHAC champion Montreal Hockey Club and thereafter awarded to the league champions, or to any pre-approved team that won it in a challenge. In 1904, the International Hockey League, based around Lake Michigan, was created as the first fully professional league, in recruiting players, the IHL caused an Athletic War that drained amateur clubs of top players, most noticeably in the Ontario Hockey Association. In the 1905–06 season, the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association was formed, which mixed paid and amateur players in its rosters, bidding wars for players led many ECAHA teams to lose money, and it eventually folded on November 25,1909. As a result of the dissolution of the ECAHA, two leagues were formed—the Canadian Hockey Association and the National Hockey Association. Since the NHAs owners were notable, wealthy businessmen, the CHA did not complete a season, as the NHA easily recruited the top players, and interest in the CHA teams faded. By 1914, the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association league was launched, the National Hockey League came into existence with the suspension of the NHA in 1917

13.
Ottawa Capitals
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The Ottawa Capitals were the competing clubs of the Capital Amateur Athletic Association of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The Association competed in ice hockey, lacrosse and other athletics, perhaps best known are the early amateur senior mens ice hockey clubs which played from the 1890s until 1920. The club would challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1897, but abandon its challenge after one game, the Capitals would later precipitate the breakup of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. The nickname Capitals is sometimes applied to the Ottawa Hockey Club, the Capital Lacrosse Club was also successful, and won the first Minto Cup in 1901. The Capital Hockey senior club was created in 1896 by the Capital Hockey Association hockey portion of the CAAA, the OCHL also operated a junior and an intermediate league—the CAAAs junior Capitals played in the OCHL, winning the City championship in 1897. The club then joined the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada intermediate division and won the 1898 intermediate championship, in 1898, the Capitals attempted to join the senior league of the AHAC, being accepted in a majority vote of the AHAC executive. Several clubs of the AHAC resisted this, the Globe noted that the Capitals were questionably amateur, referring to the paying of players. Rather than admit the Capitals, all five clubs dissolved the AHAC, the Capitals applied to the CAHL in 1899 but were turned down again. Unlike the AHAC, the CAHL required unanimous consent to join the senior ranks, instead, the club joined the Senior league of the Ontario Hockey Association. In 1903, the club helped found the Federal Amateur Hockey League, playing one season in 1904, president Bill Foran of the Capitals was president of the FAHL. Foran later became a Stanley Cup trustee, the club took over the ice rink lease of Deys Skating Rink, forcing the Ottawa Hockey Club to move to the Aberdeen Pavilion. The club withdrew from the league before the 1905 season, in 1919, by order of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association, the Capital HAs CCHA teams, including the Capitals Hockey club, were forced to join the competing OCHL to be eligible for Allan Cup play. The Capitals were the pre-eminent lacrosse team in Ottawa from the 1890s, when the Minto Cup was given by the Lord Minto of the day to signify the Canadian champions, the Capitals were the first team to win the trophy. 1898 AHAC season Ice hockey in Ottawa List of Stanley Cup champions List of Stanley Cup Challenge Games Coleman, the Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol.1, 1893–1926 inc

14.
Fred Chittick
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Fred Chittick was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender for the Ottawa Hockey Club from 1894 until 1901. He was also a track and field athlete and a football player. Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Chittick first joined Ottawa HC of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada for the 1895 season, taking over from Albert Morel as the starting goaltender. He played seven seasons for Ottawa, before retiring from play after the 1901 season and he would stay in the game as a referee. In 1899, Chittick quit the Ottawas over a series of events, after the game, allegations were made by the Montreal players that Chittick was drunk. Chittick was mad enough to threaten the Montreal players with defamation lawsuits, a month later, on February 11 in Montreal, Chittick gave up 16 goals, the worst showing by a senior goaltender to that date. Chittick was replaced for the game and he quit in anger. He later spoke to the press about the club paying its players to pay and he would not be the clubs regular goaltender again, although he did play a game for the club as a replacement in 1900. Chittick was employed as an accountant in the Canadian Department of Agriculture at the salary of $950 in the 1890s. He died at his Ottawa home in 1917, the Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol.1 1893-1926 inc. Win, Lose or Wrangle, The Inside Story of the Old Ottawa Senators 1883-1935

15.
Harvey Pulford
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Harvey Ernest Pulford was a Canadian athlete at the turn of the twentieth century, winning national championships in ice hockey, lacrosse, football, boxing, paddling and rowing. A highly regarded defenceman with the Ottawa Hockey Club, where he was known for being a large, with Ottawa he won the Stanley Cup four times, and also won championships or tournaments in every sport in which he played. When the Hockey Hall of Fame was founded in 1945, Pulford was one of the original nine inductees, born in Toronto, Harvey Pulford moved to Ottawa at an early age. Pulford joined the Ottawa Hockey Club in 1893, playing as a defenceman, in his first season, Pulford played in the first Stanley Cup playoff games, against the Montreal Hockey Club. Pulford played for Ottawa until 1908, the year that Ottawa became professional, Pulford was captain of the Ottawa Hockey Club during the Ottawa Silver Seven era when the club won the Stanley Cup in March 1903 and held it until March 1906. After retirement from playing, Pulford continued in the game as a referee, in 1933, Pulford was given an option to buy the Ottawa club, by then known as the Senators, and move it to Baltimore, Maryland, but the purchase did not go through. Pulford was outstanding in several sports and he was a backfielder for the Ottawa Football Club football team from 1893 to 1909, winning national championships in 1898,1899,1900, and 1902. He also served as captain of the team and he played lacrosse for the Ottawa Lacrosse Club from 1893 to 1900, winning four national titles. As a boxer, he won Eastern Canadian light heavyweight and heavyweight titles between 1896 and 1898, despite members of his rowing club telling him to stay out of hockey, Pulford wanted to play for the Stanley Cup and rejoined the Senators a few days before the season started. Pulford was an excellent rower, Britannia Boating Club winning national and U. S. championships and he was a member of the 1910 Ottawa Rowing Club eight that defeated every one of its opponents in 1910, earning the Canadian and North American championships. Pulford later became president of the Ottawa Rowing Club and he served as president of Ottawa Rowing Club until resigning in 1936. Pulford resigned as a rower with the Ottawa Rowing Club, in 1916, Pulford was a candidate to succeed Emmett Quinn as president of the National Hockey Association, though he lost to Frank Robinson. He was nominated by Eddie Livingstone to replace Frank Calder as president of the by-then defunct NHA in a meeting on September 28,1918. Pulford remained active in later in life. In his late 40s, he won the Ottawa squash championship, Pulford was a charter member of the Hockey Hall of Fame and the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame. He was, with Russell Bowie, Harry Westwick and Alf Smith and he was also inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2003 and into Canadas Sports Hall of Fame in 2015. Pulford married Annis Mae Field of Brockville, Ontario, Annis Mae died giving birth to son, Harvey F. Pulford, on December 7,1904. Pulford worked for the Imperial Life Assurance Company of Canada from 1921 until his death, Pulford died October 31,1940 and was buried in Ottawas Beechwood Cemetery

16.
Weldy Young
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Weldon Champness Young was a Canadian businessman and athlete. Young was an ice hockey player for the Ottawa Hockey Club, playing in its years in the 1880s. Young later became a member of the Dawson City Nuggets which played against Ottawa in the 1905 Stanley Cup challenge and his brother George Young was one of the original Ottawa players and the two played together for Ottawa from 1889–1891. Young later became an investor and executive in mining in the Cobalt, Young first played for Ottawa HC in 1890 and played for the team until 1899. He moved out west, finding work in Dawson, Yukon Territory during the Gold Rush and he also found work as a referee in the Temiskaming League after retiring as a player. When the National Hockey Association was holding talks with the Canadian Hockey Association, Young was the representative of the Haileybury club. After leaving Ottawa, Young joined the business in Dawson City, Yukon. By 1911, he was back east in Haileybury, Ontario during the rush in the area. Young later became the president of Young-Davidson Mines, Weldon Coal Mines, Young died at his home in Collingwood, Ontario on October 27,1944. He was survived by his wife Jessie Williams, Young was buried in the Trinity United Church cemetery in Collingwood

17.
Montreal Hockey Club
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The Montreal Hockey Club of Montreal, Canada was a senior-level mens amateur ice hockey club, organized in 1884. They were affiliated with Montreal Amateur Athletic Association and used the MAAA winged wheel logo, the team was the first to win the Stanley Cup, in 1893, and subsequently refused the cup over a dispute with the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association. The club is known as Montreals, Montreal AAA and Winged wheel in literature. The team played in several early ice hockey leagues, including the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada from 1886 until 1898, the team competed in purely amateur leagues until 1906. After two seasons of playing with professionals, the left its league, the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association to continue playing in amateur competition. It would go on to win the Allan Cup in 1930, in 1932, the club would leave the MAAA association and become the Montreal Royals, eventually becoming a semi-professional team in the Quebec Senior Hockey League. Prior to the Clubs formal organization, a group of enthusiasts from the Montreal Football Club would play as the Montreal Hockey Club. The group was captained by James Creighton before he moved to Ottawa, the Club was organized formally as an affiliate of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association on November 28,1884. The first president of the team was Thomas Fraser and the first team was composed of T. L. Paton in goal, Fred M. Larmonth, point, W. D. Aird, coverpoint, W. C. Hodgson, D. McIntyre, R. F. Smith and F. W Barlow, several of the players were members of the Montreal Lacrosse Club. The team played its first game on January 20,1885 against McGill University, the club would be a founding member of the Montreal-based Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1886. The team held the Amateur Hockey Association title from 1888 until 1894, after the AHAC disbanded in 1898, the club continued in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League, winning the league title in 1902. The Stanley Cup, as it would later be known, was to be presented to the Montreal Hockey Club on May 15,1893, at the time, the Montreal Hockey Club was in a dispute with its parent organization, the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association. The MAAA was split on whether to accept the trophy, the hockey club was adamant about refusing the trophy, while other arms of the MAAA accepted. Thus, the trophy was accepted by the MAAA, but with none of the officials of the hockey club present. After accepting the trophy, the club remained adamant about returning the trophy that was presented to them. In the end, the MAAA investigated into why its hockey club wanted to refuse and return the trophy, inexplicably, the hockey club reversed its position, and the next few months saw a gradual schism between the MAAA and the club. The inscription on the Cup when it was defended in 1894 only stated Montreal

18.
Montreal Shamrocks
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The Montreal Shamrocks were an amateur, later professional, and then amateur again mens ice hockey club in existence from 1886 to 1924. They were spun off from the Montreal Shamrocks lacrosse club, the club eventually went professional and played one season in the National Hockey Association, the predecessor of todays National Hockey League. Afterwards, with the cost of professionalism being too expensive, the team reverted to an amateur club and their greatest success came when they won back to back Stanley Cups at the turn of the century in 1899 and 1900. The Shamrocks were founded on December 15,1886 at a meeting of the Shamrock Lacrosse Club to organize an ice hockey club, the Shamrock Lacrosse Club of Montreal predated the hockey team by twenty years, founded in 1867 by J. B. L. Flynn. Both teams were under the name of the Shamrock Amateur Athletic Association of Montreal. After these challenges the club went into dormancy, but in 1895 the SAAA purchased the Montreal Crystals hockey club and merged them into the Shamrocks, the newly revived Montreal Shamrocks hockey club then replaced the Crystals midway through the AHACs 1895 season. After this, the club began competing in season based play. Following the retirement of its stars, including Hall of Famers Harry Trihey and Arthur Farrell and they were eventually done in as a professional entity around 1910 by the growth of professionalisation in hockey. In 1911/12, the club was reactivated and returned to their roots by joining the Interprovincial Amateur Hockey Union. In 1912/13, they joined the Montreal City Hockey League and they played in that league until 1924 when the Shamrocks finally folded. Outside of the senior team, the Montreal Shamrocks had two lower tier teams. First was a team that played from 1896 through 1912. From 1896 to 1898 they played in the Intermediate Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, then, from 1899 to 1912, they played in the Intermediate Canadian Amateur Hockey league. There was also a team that played from 1902 through 1916. In 1902 they played in the Junior Montreal Hockey League, in 1903 they played in the Independent Junior League. From 1904 to 1908, they played in the Junior Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, the team became dormant in 1909 but returned in 1915. They would fold after the 1916 season, many of the players on the Stanley Cup–winning teams of 1899–1901 went on to study at McGill University, and entered into the citys bourgeois professional ranks as doctors, lawyers, and businessmen. Mr. Trihey also had problems recruiting in Quebec and Ireland following the GPO Rising in Dublin at Easter 1916, the Trail of the Stanley Cup

19.
Quebec Bulldogs
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The Quebec Bulldogs were a mens senior-level ice hockey team officially known as the Quebec Hockey Club, and later as the Quebec Athletic Club. One of the first organized ice hockey clubs, the club debuted in 1878 with the opening of the Quebec Skating Rink, the club continued as an amateur team through various leagues, eventually becoming professional in 1908. The club would play in the National Hockey Association and the National Hockey League, in 1920, the team moved to Hamilton, Ontario and became the Hamilton Tigers. The Quebec Hockey Club was founded in 1878, after the construction of the Quebec Skating Rink in 1877, play was by exhibition only, against teams drawn from the club members or visiting teams from Montreal. In 1883, the played in the Montreal Winter Carnival. After the AHAC, Quebec played in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League from 1899 to 1905, the club came close to winning the Stanley Cup on two occasions. In the 1894 season Quebec tied for the AHAC regular season lead with three other clubs, the AHAC drew up plans to hold the playoff solely in Montreal. Quebec declined to play in Montreal without one game in Quebec, in 1904, Quebec won the CAHL outright. In a dispute, the club did not win the Stanley Cup or challenge for it, the Ottawa Hockey Club was the defending champions in 1903–04, but withdrew from the league. Quebec went on to win the CAHL and expected to receive the Stanley Cup as league champions, the trustees of the Cup instead ruled that the Cup went to Ottawa. In late 1909, Quebec became a member of the Canadian Hockey Association in 1909. The CHA, however, would only last one month before being absorbed into the more powerful National Hockey Association. Rejected by the new league, the Bulldogs sat out the inaugural 1910 season, the following season, 1910–11, the Bulldogs took over the defunct Cobalt Silver Kings franchise, but had a rough initiation, finishing dead last with four wins and 12 losses in a 16-game season. On a positive note, and a sign of things to come, Jack McDonald scored 14 goals and Tommy Dunderdale scored 13. For 1911–12, the Bulldogs went from worst to first, with Joe Malone having a season, to win the OBrien Cup as champions of the NHA. The Dogs record improved to 10 wins and eight losses while Malone scored 21 goals, in a Stanley Cup challenge, they crushed the Moncton Victorias in two games, 9–3 and 8–0, in the best-of-three playoff. In their third season, Quebec would again finish first overall with a record of 16-4 losses to retain the championship, Joe Malone won the scoring race with an unprecedented 43 goals. His teammate, Tommy Smith, was a second with 39

20.
Ottawa HC
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The Ottawa Senators were a professional, ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954. The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a member of the National Hockey League. The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club, was known by nicknames, including the Generals in the 1890s, the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1907. Generally acknowledged by historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport. Ottawa HC played in the first season during which the Stanley Cup was challenged in 1893, the club repeated its success in the 1920s, winning the Stanley Cup in 1920,1921,1923 and 1927. In total, the won the Stanley Cup eleven times. In 1950, Canadian sports editors selected the Ottawa HC/Senators as Canadas greatest team in the first half of the 20th century. The club competed in the NHL until the 1933–34 season, when it relocated the NHL franchise to St. Louis, Missouri, the organization continued the Senators as an amateur, and later semi-professional, team in Quebec senior mens leagues until 1954. The Ottawa Hockey Club was founded by a group of like-minded hockey enthusiasts. A month after witnessing games of hockey at the 1883 Montreal Winter Carnival, Halder Kirby, Jack Kerr and Frank Jenkins met, being the first organized ice hockey club in Ottawa, and also the first in Ontario, the club had no other clubs to play that season. The only activities that winter were practices at the Royal Rink starting on March 5,1883, the club first participated competitively at the 1884 Montreal Winter Carnival ice hockey tournament wearing red and black uniforms. Future Ottawa mayor Nelson Porter is recorded as the scorer of the clubs first-ever goal, Frank Jenkins was the first captain of the team, he later became the president of the Hockey Club in 1891 and of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1892. For the 1885 season, the club adopted gold and blue as its colours, Ottawa earned its first-ever victory at the tournament over the Montreal Victorias, but lost its final match to the Montreal Hockey Club to place second in the tournament. The 1886 Montreal tournament was cancelled due to an outbreak of smallpox, on December 8,1886, the first championship league, the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was founded in Montreal. It was composed of clubs from Montreal plus a Quebec City club. Ottawas Thomas D. Green was named the first president of the league, under the format, Ottawa lost the one challenge it played in that first 1887 season to the Montreal Victorias. After that season, Ottawa HC became inactive, the Royal Rink, which had been their primary facility, had been converted to a roller skating rink, and ice rink facilities were at a shortage. This changed with the opening of the Rideau Skating Rink in February 1889, One of the principal organizers in the restarting of the team was Ottawa Journal publisher P. D. Ross, who also played on the team

21.
American Amateur Hockey League
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The American Amateur Hockey League was an amateur ice hockey league in the United States. The league was founded in 1896, and was based in New York City and New Jersey, until 1914, in the 1900–01 season a team from Philadelphia, Quaker City HC, also played in the AAHL. The league ceased operations after the 1917–18 season, hobey Baker, famous American athlete and inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1945, played two seasons in the league for the St. Nicholas Hockey Club between 1914–1916. Sprague Cleghorn, another Hockey Hall of Fame member, spent the 1909–10 season with the New York Wanderers, Canadian middle-distance runner George Orton played for Quaker City HC in 1900–01. A great bulk of the players in the AAHL came from different Ivy League schools such as Harvard, Princeton, Columbia, among them were United States Senator Leverett Saltonstall and prominent businessman Harold Stanley. The league also had many Canadian players on its teams, among them Tom Attie Howard, Bob Wall, Bill Dobby, Artie Liffiton and Riley Castleman

22.
New York Athletic Club
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The New York Athletic Club is a private social club and athletic club in New York City. Founded in 1868, the club has approximately 8,600 members, the club offers many sports, including rowing, wrestling, boxing, judo, fencing, swimming, basketball, rugby union, soccer, tennis, handball, squash, snooker, lacrosse and water polo. The City House, located at 180 Central Park South, is a large, the athletic training floors include a swimming pool, basketball courts, boxing rings, a fencing and wrestling room, judo floor, and squash courts. Named for Wall Street businessman William R. Travers who arranged for its purchase in 1886 and it consists of the main house, other buildings and facilities that sit on 30 acres of landscaped grounds. Travers Island is located in Westchester County, New York, and straddles the border of New Rochelle and Pelham Manor, memberships are invitation-only, and the criteria are somewhat subjective. You will need two member sponsors and to appear before a membership board, the initiation fee is $8,500 and annual dues are $3,030. Interest in their gym grew, and the three men decided to found the New York Athletic Club on September 8,1868, the club was modeled after the London Athletic Club. Their goal was to sponsor athletic competitions in the New York area, the NYAC was established on September 8,1868. Its Constitution and Bylaws were adopted in December 1868, in the beginning there was no initiation fee, but $10 was required for the first six months of dues. In 1879, at time it had 170 members, it published rules in various amateur sports, including fencing, sparring. The NYAC can be considered the foundation for amateur athletics in the United States, NYAC members have won 119 Olympic gold medals,53 silver medals, and 59 bronze medals. Presently, the NYAC has top-ranked competitors in wrestling, judo, rowing, fencing, water polo and track and field, forty NYAC members competed for three countries at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, winning 16 medals. In 2012, NYAC was sued for harassment by a former waitress Keisi Ballenilla, depositions in the case revealed from 2004 to 2009, Ballenilla was repeatedly harassed by her managers, and one in particular, Nesim Zuberi. Zuberi “and other employees created a work environment by frequently requiring that engage in sexual acts as a condition of receiving work. The NYACs Mercury Cup series is the premier regional fencing event in North America, the series includes a number of épée and sabre tournaments, ending each season with the famous Epeepalooza and Sabrage events. Competitors earn points based on final placements at each tournament, with the champion being the highest-ranked fencer at the conclusion of the season, the Mercury Cup has proven successful due to the clubs prestige, corporate sponsorship, and the events extraordinarily high-level of competition. Mercury Cup champions Individual event champions In November 2003, the club was the site of a chess match between Garry Kasparov and the computer program X3D Fritz. In June 2004, the club played host to the final play-offs of the United States National Snooker Championship, the NYAC currently fields 22 different teams for the following sports, The New York Athletic Club was once an all-male club

23.
St. Nicholas Rink
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The St. Nicholas Rink, also called the St. Nicholas Arena, was an indoor ice rink, and later a boxing arena in New York, New York, from 1896 until 1962. The rink was the ice rink utilizing mechanically frozen ice for its surface in North America. It was demolished in the 1980s, as a rink, it was used for pleasure skating, and the sports of ice hockey and skating. It was an important rink in the development of sports in the United States. The arena hosted live boxing on television, St. Nicholas Rink opened November 7,1896, at 69 West 66th Street, on the northeast corner of 66th Street and Columbus Avenue. The builders included Cornelius Vanderbilt and John Jacob Astor, flagg and Chambers were the architects. Before the construction of the building, the St. Nicholas Skating Club had been using an outdoor flooded lot, the ice rink used a mechanically frozen ice or artificial ice surface using techniques developed at the Glaciarium in London, England. A basement ice-making factory shared the ice-making equipment, another New York skating venue, the Ice Palace, opened shortly before the St. Nicholas Arena. The arena was used exclusively for ice sports until 1906, when boxing was introduced, in 1911, prize fight boxing was legalized and prize fights became a popular event at the arena. By 1920, the use of the arena for boxing made the ice rink dispensable, the building continued as a boxing venue until 1962. The building itself was used as a production center for the ABC Network. The building was demolished in the 1980s and the converted to main offices of ABC Network. During the World War II era, the building was briefly named Royal Windsor Palace, the rink was the home of the St. Nicholas Hockey Club of the American Amateur Hockey League. The league operated its first season in 1896–97, the rink was also the site of numerous exhibitions of Canadian ice hockey teams both against New York area teams and between the Canadian teams. A challenge between amateur teams of the U. S. and Canada was held there, called the International Amateur Championship, on February 26,1900, the rink was the site of the first ice hockey game between Harvard University and Yale University, won by Yale 5–4. The arena was the site of the first game between womens ice hockey teams in the United States, in 1917, the St. Nicholas team defeated Boston 1–0. The St. Nicholas mens amateur team eventually moved to Madison Square Garden, the Rink was a boxing venue from 1906 until May 28,1962, the date of the last main event. Upon its demise, it was reported more than 30,000 fights had been staged here

24.
Victoria Skating Rink
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The Victoria Skating Rink was an indoor ice skating rink located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Opened in 1862, it was described at the start of the century to be one of the finest covered rinks in the world. The building was used during winter seasons for pleasure skating, ice hockey, in summer months, the building was used for various events, including musical performances and horticultural shows. It was the first building in Canada to be electrified, the rink may be most famous for its connection to ice hockey history. It holds the distinction of having hosted the first-ever recorded organized ice hockey match on March 3,1875. The ice surface dimensions set the standard for todays North American ice hockey rinks and it was also the location of the first Stanley Cup playoff games in 1894 and the location of the founding of the first championship ice hockey league, the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1886. Frederick Stanley, the donor of the Stanley Cup, witnessed his first ice hockey game there in 1889. In 1896, telegraph wires were connected at the Rink to do simultaneous score-by-score description of a Stanley Cup challenge series between Montreal and Winnipeg, Manitoba teams, a first of its kind, the rink was also notable for its role in the development of figure skating in Canada. It held some of the first competitions in the sport in Canada, during its existence, it was the home of two important clubs, the Victoria Skating Club and the Earl Grey Skating Club. It was the home rink of Louis Rubenstein, considered one of the first world champions of the sport, the rink was located in central Montreal between Drummond Street and Stanley Street, immediately north of Dorchester Boulevard. It was located one block to the west of Dominion Square, surpassed by other facilities, including the Montreal Forum, the rink was sold in 1925 and today the site is occupied by a parking garage. Tall, round-arched windows punctuated its length and illuminated its interior, at a later date, the lighting was converted to electric, making the building the first in Canada to be electrified. The ice surface measured 204 feet by 80 feet, dimensions very similar to todays National Hockey League ice rinks. It was surrounded by a 10 feet -wide platform, or promenade, later, a gallery was added with a royal box for visiting dignitaries. The ice itself was an ice surface, frozen by the coldness of the season. At the time of its construction, the Rinks location at 49 Drummond Street, placed it in the centre of the English community in Montreal, one block east was Dominion Square, where annual outdoor winter sporting events were held and later the Montreal Winter Carnival was held. Across the street to the east, the Windsor Hotel, a centre of social life. Nearby is old Windsor Station, which was the terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway

25.
Forward (ice hockey)
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In ice hockey, a forward is a player position on the ice whose primary responsibility is to score and assist goals. Generally, the try to stay in three different lanes, also known as thirds, of the ice going from goal to goal. It is not mandatory, however, to stay in a lane, staying in a lane aids in forming the common offensive strategy known as a triangle. One forward obtains the puck and then the pass it between themselves making the goalie move side to side. This strategy opens up the net for scoring opportunities and this strategy allows for a constant flow of the play, attempting to maintain the control of play by one team in the offensive zone. The forwards can pass to the players playing at the blue line, thus freeing up the play. This then begins the triangle again, each team has three forwards in each line, Left Wing Centre Right Wing Rover Power forward Defenceman Goaltender List of NHL players

26.
Graham Drinkwater
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Charles Graham Drinkwater was a Canadian ice hockey player, businessman and philanthropist. Drinkwater played for the Montreal Victorias in the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in the era before professionalism. He had the ability to both forward and defence with equal skill. Drinkwater was a member of five Stanley Cup winning teams during his career and he was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1950. After hockey, Drinkwater became a partner in a stock-broker business, Drinkwater was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec. He was educated at Montreal High School and McGill University, Drinkwater was an accomplished hockey and rugby football player in his teens. He starred with the Montreal Hockey Club junior team in 1892–93, the same year, Drinkwater also played a prominent role on McGills football team. After graduating from McGill in 1895, Drinkwater joined the Victoria Hockey Club of Montreal and he scored nine goals in eight contests, helping the Victorias win the Stanley Cup. Drinkwater would also win the Cup in 1896,1897,1898 and 1899 and his excellent skating made him one of the best players early in the game of hockey. After retiring as a player, Drinkwater continued in the game as referee and he was named one of the original trustees of the Allan Cup by donator H. Montagu Allan in 1909. Drinkwater was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1950, Drinkwater became a stock-broker and rose to partner of the firm Oswald & Drinkwater, later to become Drinkwater Weir & Company. Along with his wife Muriel Greenshields, he became a supporter of music in the city and he was the organizer of a February 11,1934 benefit concert of the then Montreal Orchestra that cleared all of its debts and provided a surplus for future efforts. Drinkwater was vice-president of the Orchestra until it suspended in 1941 and he continued supporting music as a director of Les Concerts Symphoniques and a supporter of the Montreal Little Symphony until his death in 1946 at his home at 3511 Peel Street in Montreal. He was survived by his wife, a brother and a sister, wong, John Chi-Kit, ed. Coast to Coast, Hockey in Canada to the Second World War. Notes Kings of the Ice Graham Drinkwaters biography at Legends of Hockey

27.
Robert MacDougall
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Robert Ernest MacDougall was a notable Canadian ice hockey player and businessman. He played in the days of organized ice hockey, before professionalism. He played the position of forward for the Montreal Victorias and was a member of five Stanley Cup-winning teams, MacDougall was born in Montreal, Quebec. He attended Bishops College School boarding school in Lennoxville as a youth, at BCS he played hockey with future Victorias team-mates Hartland MacDougall and Ernie McLea. At age twelve, MacDougall played on the BCS first team of ice hockey, after ice hockey, MacDougall would become a partner with Hartland MacDougall in the stock-trading firm MacDougall & MacDougall of Montreal. The company continues today as MacDougall MacDougall MacTier, macdougall was the highest scoring forward before the 1900s in Stanley Cup play. Robert scored a total of 49 goals in 36 recorded games. Overshadowed today by the likes of teammates and Hall of Famers Graham Drinkwater and Mike Grant, later in life his career would take an approach to banking and he would leave the sport of hockey near the end of the Montreal Victorias championship run. Near the end of MacDougalls career he would only play championship games due to his work schedule. In his last season his career would end in some controversy, as Gingras was carried off the ice, referee Bill Findlay only called MacDougall for a two-minute minor. Angry that he should have been assessed a penalty, Winnipeg went into their dressing room in protest. Insulted, Findlay abruptly went home, but returned after officials followed him on a sleigh, once back at the rink, the referee gave Winnipeg 15 minutes to return to the ice themselves. They refused and thus Findlay disqualified the team and declared Montreal the winners,4,000 were attending the Winnipeg Auditorium rink to hear returns of the game by telegraph. Notes, Led league in scoring in 1895–96 Statistics do not include non-regular-season tournaments, Statistics for 1893–94 and 1896–97 are not fully available. Globe and Mail editions from 1897 indicate that Robert MacDougall played out the season and is credited for scoring a minimum of 2 goals. Scoring summaries for most games were not published

28.
Ernie McLea
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Ernest Hope Ernie McLea was a Canadian ice hockey player. McLea played in the 1890s for the Montreal Victorias and was a member of four Stanley Cup-winning teams and he scored the first hat trick in Stanley Cup play, and scored the Stanley Cup-winning goal in a challenge game in 1896. McLea was born in Montreal, Quebec and he was the fifth and final child of John Brine McLea and Phoebe Elizabeth McLea, who were both born in Newfoundland and moved to Quebec in the 1860s, then to Montreal in the 1870s. As a youth, McLea attended the Bishops College School boarding school in Lennoxville and he followed this with studies at McGill University where he played rugby football and cricket. Ernest McLea died on June 17,1931 in his apartment on McGill College Avenue in Montreal due to a self-inflicted gunshot, McLea joined the senior Montreal Victorias for the 1896 season, playing two games during the season. In December 1896, the Victorias challenged the Winnipeg Victorias for the Stanley Cup, in a one-game playoff, McLea scored a hat trick, the first ever in Stanley Cup play, including the winning goal with two minutes to go, that won the game 6–5. The winning goal is considered one of hockeys greatest goals by author Eric Zweig, McLea would go on to play in five seasons with the Victorias, scoring 17 goals in 24 regular season games with the club. After his playing days, McLea did remain involved in hockey as an on-ice official, staying Connected, How MacDougall Family Traditions Built a Business Over 160 Years

29.
Defenceman
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Defence in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring. They are often referred to as defencemen, D, D-men or blueliners, a good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking. In regular play, two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice, organized play of ice hockey originates from the first indoor game in Montreal in 1875. In subsequent years, the players per side were reduced to seven per side, positions were standardized, and two correspond to the two defencemen of current six-man rules. These were designated as cover point and point, although they lined up behind the center, decades later, defencemen were standardized into playing left and right sides of the ice. According to one of the earliest books on ice hockey, Farrells Hockey, Canadas Royal Winter Game, Mike Grant of the Montreal Victorias and he should not stray too far from his place, because oftentimes he is practically a second goal-minder. Although he should remain close to his goal-keeper, he should never obstruct that mans view of the puck, in his capacity of a defence player, he should linger around his goals as long as the puck is near. It is by playing far up under these circumstances that a clever cover-point can chine to the advantage of his team. If he has an opening he should shoot well for the goals. Each year the NHL, the ice hockey league in the world. Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins – an eight-time Norris Trophy recipient – is often considered to be the greatest defenceman in NHL, in addition to his Norris Trophy honours, he is the only defenceman in NHL history to capture the Art Ross Trophy as the leagues leading scorer. In 1998, Orr was selected as the best defenceman of all-time in The Hockey News Top 100 NHL Players of all-time, conversely, according to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team, the greatest defencemen to play in IIHF-sanctioned international competition are Vyacheslav Fetisov and Börje Salming. Defence players are often described by the amount they participate in the offence, the extreme of non-participation in offence is a Stay-at-home defender, who takes few risks and does not score much, instead focusing on defending against the opposing team. The extreme of participation is a defenceman, who gets aggressively involved in the teams offence. To accomplish this, the defence player often pinches in to keep the play from going offside and moves towards the halfboards. This makes it difficult for the team to protect their net from being scored upon if the team can maintain control of the puck. However, this can lead to more odd man rushes and breakaway opportunities for the team if the defender does not succeed. Bobby Orrs end-to-end rushing allowed him to defend effectively as well as attack, by contrast, Paul Coffey enjoyed high offensive production but his defensive play was considered mediocre for most of his career

30.
Hartland MacDougall
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Hartland Brydges MacDougall was a Canadian ice hockey player and businessman. MacDougall was generally regarded as one of the most versatile players of the era of the sport. He initially played the position of goaltender but ended his career playing point, after hockey, he became a stockbroker and was one of the partners of MacDougall, MacDougall and MacTier, a prominent investment firm in Montreal. In 1976 he was made a member in the Canada Sports Hall of Fame. Born in Montreal, Quebec, MacDougall, was the son of George Campbell MacDougall, Chairman of the Montreal Stock Exchange, between his father and two of his uncles they founded the Montreal Stock Exchange in 1874. Hartland MacDougall was a first cousin of Brigadier John H. Price, M. C. son of Sir William Price of Quebec City. His aunt, Mrs Hartland St. Clair MacDougall, was the sister of Lady Allan, Hartland was educated at Bishops College School and Bishops University in Canada. They were the parents of three sons and two daughters and their eldest son, Hartland Campbell MacDougall, married Dorothy, the eldest daughter of Lt. -Colonel Herbert Molson M. C. MacDougall played ice hockey while at Bishops College School, where he played with future Victorias team-mates Ernie McLea, the three played with the Montreal Victorias during their famous Stanley Cup runs of the late 1890s. He is credited for being a member of four Stanley Cup winning teams and he typically played goaltender and point. Beginning his career as a goaltender in 1894, his success came as a result of playing defence. Near the end of his career he was on a defence pairing with Hall of Famer Mike Grant and he was also a member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, playing football as a star fullback. By the early 1900s, MacDougall had joined an investment firm and this did not mean he gave up sports. MacDougall excelled at polo and won national championships before retiring completely from sports in 1928 after a stroke. In 1919, MacDougall was the president of the Quebec Amateur Hockey Association. According to Andy OBrien of the Montréal Star, in 1957 he was regarded as only to Lionel Conacher as national all time. In 1976, he was made a member of the Canadas Sports Hall of Fame, various sources list three MacDougalls winning the 1895 Stanley Cup with the Montreal Victorias, A. MacDougall, Hartland MacDougall, and Robert MacDougall. Though details of Robert and Hartland are amply recorded in various texts available in literature, the known information of A. MacDougall is that he is credited as playing for the Montreal Victorias on January 12,1895 in a 5-1 victory against the Ottawa HC

31.
Mike Grant
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Michael Grant was a Canadian ice hockey player. He played nine seasons of amateur hockey between 1894 and 1902 for the Montreal Victorias and Montreal Shamrocks. Grant was a member of the Victorias squad that won or retained possession of the Stanley Cup five times between 1895 and 1899 during the challenge era. Grant played cover point and was known for his speed and skating ability and he is regarded as one of the first defenceman to rush forward and with the puck. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1950, a gifted and fast skater, Grant won speed skating championships at three different age groups when he was 11 years old. He also played lacrosse while he grew up in Montreal. His skills transferred to the rink where Grant played cover point. He is regarded as one of the first rushing defencemen in hockey history and he played his youth hockey with the Crystals organization that won the Montreal city junior championship in 1891 and intermediate championships in 1892 and 1893. Grant graduated to the ranks in 1894 where he made his debut with the Montreal Victorias of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. Grant served as captain of the team, the Montreal Victorias were challenged for control of the Stanley Cup by the Winnipeg Victorias in February 1896, and lost the trophy by a 2–0 score in a one-game playoff. Montreal regained the Stanley Cup in December of that year, defeating Winnipeg 6–5, in AHAC play, Grant scored three goals in eight games in both the 1896 and 1897 seasons. He captained the Victorias to a defence of the Stanley Cup in 1897. The AHAC disbanded in 1898, and the Victorias moved to the newly formed Canadian Amateur Hockey League for the 1899 season, Grant scored two goals in seven games in CAHL play. During the season, Grant and his teammates fielded another Stanley Cup challenge from the Winnipeg Victorias and they retained the trophy following a two-game series, it was Grants fifth and final Stanley Cup win. Grant was offered a contract in New York that was worth the equivalent of $3,500 per year in the earl 1900s. After playing the 1900 CAHL season with the Victorias, he was loaned to the cross-town Montreal Shamrocks in 1901 as a replacement for Frank Tansey. Grant appeared in two games, and two Stanley Cup challenge games for the team before returning to the Victorias for a final season in 1901. Grant remained active in hockey following his playing career and he became a referee and officiated several Stanley Cup challenge games

32.
Goaltender
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In ice hockey, the goaltender is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their teams net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease, goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots. In todays age of goaltending there are two styles, butterfly and hybrid. Because of the power of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact, the goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice, as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game. One-on-one situations, such as breakaways and shootouts, have the tendency to highlight a goaltenders pure skill, only one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time. The goaltender is also known as the goalie, goaler, goalkeeper, net minder, in the early days of the sport, the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender. The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches, the variation goalie is typically used for items associated with the position, such as goalie stick and goalie pads. Goaltending is a position in ice hockey, at higher levels in the game, no goalies play other positions. A typical ice hockey team may have two or three goaltenders on its roster, the NHL requires each team have a list of emergency goalies. The list provides goalie options for both the home and visiting teams and these goalies are to be called to a game if a team does not have two goalies to start the game. An emergency goalie may also be called if both roster goalies are injured in the same game, Jennings Trophy for fewest goals allowed. Martin Brodeur was the first goaltender in the National Hockey League to score a game-winning goal, the goaltender has special privileges and training that other players do not. He or she wears special goaltending equipment that is different from that worn by players and is subject to specific regulations. Goalies may use any part of their bodies to block shots, the goalie may legally hold the puck with his hands to cause a stoppage of play. If a player from the team hits the goaltender without making an attempt to get out of his way. In some leagues, if a goalies stick breaks, he can continue playing with a stick until the play is stopped. Additionally, if a goaltender acts in such a way that would cause a player to be given a penalty, such as slashing or tripping another player. Instead, one of the teammates who was on the ice at the time of the infraction is sent to the penalty box in his or her place

33.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker

The Victoria Skating Rink was an indoor ice skating rink located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Opened in 1862, it was …

1870 skating carnival in Victoria Rink in honour of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. Hundreds of skaters, some in costume, some in military dress skate inside the arena, which is decorated with evergreen boughs and flags.

A delayed penalty call situation, in which the referee (top-left) indicates a coming penalty by raising his arm, and prepares to blow the whistle when a player from the team to be penalized (in white) touches the puck. Goaltender Jere Myllyniemi can be seen (right) rushing to the bench to send on an extra attacker.