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United States Patent 0 MICQ
3,030,939
Patented Apr. 24, 1962
2
glycol, tripropylene glycol, as well as other such aliphatic
dihydroxy alcohols. The reaction product which is a
polyoxyalkylene diol is not described in detail herein be
3,030,939
METHOD OF OPERATING SPARK-IGNITION
COMBUSTION ENGINE
cause the materials are described in detail, as Well as
Preston L. Brandt, La Marque, and Clifton N. Sechrist,
Texas City, Tex, assignors, by mesne assignments, to
Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of
methods of preparation, in US. 2,425,845. Examples '7
through 17 of this patent are of particular interest in the
description of the preparation of various of these poly
Indiana
No Drawing. Filed July 10, 1958, Ser. No. 747,577
4 Claims. (Cl. 123-1)
oxyalkylene diols which are suitable for lubricating oil
usages. In general, the preferred reaction products’, i.e.,
10 polyoxyal'kylene diols, have a molecular weight between
This invention relates to spark ignition internal com
about 500 and 3000.
The gasoline may contain an arylether of a polypropyl
ene glycol having a molecular weight between about 500
bustion engine operation, particularly operation at sub
stantially constanfcrank case level.
The present application is a continuation in part of
and 3000; e.g. phenylether of polypropylene glycol, said
glycol portion having a molecular Weight of about 1000,
and phenylbenzylether of polypropylene glycol, said gly_
col portion having a molecular weight of about 1000.
application No. 507,118 ?led May 9, 1955, and now
abandoned.
Maximum e?'iciency in the lubrication of the moving
parts of a spark ignition internal combustion engine using
It appears that the diolis passed, in large part, out of
gasoline fuel requires a substantially constant level of
the combustion chamber as blow-by material which dis
20
lubricating oil in the crank case of the engine. The lu
solves in the lubricating oil present in the crank case; the
bricating oil is decomposed in the cylinders; some is lost
remainder is decomposed and/or discharged from the cyl
by evaporation and some is lost by leakage. Normally
inder through the exhaust. It is preferred to operate the
the oil level gradually decreases until the level reaches a
engine with a synthetic lubricating oil of the same type as
point where it is necessary to replenish the supply to ob
the diol added to the gasoline, whereby the characteristics
tain the desired level in the crank case. Engine design
of the lubricating oil in the crank case remain substan
must take into account this decrease in the amount of lu
tially constant during operation of the engine.
bricating oil available in the crank case ‘during the opera
The presence of any additive diol in the gasoline fuel
tion of the engine and also consider the combustion cham
decreases the apparent loss of lubricating oil. For op
ber deposit formation. Operation at a substantially con
eration with a substantially constant level of lubricating
stant amount of lubricating oil in the crank case is both 30 oil in the engine, the amount of diol in the vgasoline fuel
bene?cial to engine operation and to design. Any reduc~
is adjusted so that the blow-by counteracts the loss of lu
tion in the amount of combustion chamber‘ deposits is
bricating oil. Substantially constant oil level is generally
helpful in reducing the octane requirement of the engine
and also permits better lubrication of the cylinder walls.
obtainable by operating with a gasoline fuel containing
between about 0.1 and 3.0 percent of additive diol; more
usually between about 0.3 and 1.0 percent.
Substantially constant crank case levels are attained
with Prestone Motor Oil of about 800 molecular weight
An object of the invention is a method of operating a
spark ignition internal combustion engine to maintain a
substantially constant level of lubricating oil in the crank
case. Other objects will become apparent in the course
using about 0.3 percent oil in the gasoline; with phenyl
of the detailed description.
benzylether of polypropylene glycol (glycol of about 1000
The term “spark ignition internal combustion engine” 40 molecular weight) using about 0.5 percent in the gaso
line; and with phenylether of polypropylene glycol (glycol
of about 1000 molecular weight) using about 0.7 percent
der provided with a piston. This engine may be such as
in the gasoline.
is used in automobiles, tractors, trucks, or airplanes. The
The results obtainable by the method of this invention
45
gasoline fuel may be any hydrocarbon boiling in the
are illustrated by operation in a .test engine.
gasoline range, i.e., between about 100° and 425° F. The
The engine test procedure is an adaptation of the Ethyl
gasoline may contain any or all of the additives commonly
Corporation Cycling Procedure using Standard CFR over
introduced into gasolines such as tetraethyllead, oxidation
head valve test cylinder. Typical test conditions are as
inhibitors, antirust agents, etc.
follows:
The lubricating oil utilized in the spark ignition internal
is intended to include any internal combustion engine '
utilizing gasoline fuel and spark plug ignition in a cylin
Compression Ratio __________________ __ 7.5 to 1.
combustion engine in the method of the invention is a
synethetic oil such as, an alkyleneoxide-glycol reaction
product or arylethers of polypropylene glycols. These
synthetic lubricating oils may be utilized without addi-
Spark advance _____q ________________ __ 3° BTDC.
Air to fuel ratio:
tives but are more commonly used in combination with 55
hearing corrosion additives and oxidation inhibitors.
The gasoline used in the method of operating a spark
ignition internal combustion engine, contains the reaction
product of an aliphatic dihydroxy alcohol and a mixture
consisting of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide
wherein the weight ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene
oxide is between about 50:50 to 10:90, which reaction
product is suitable for use as a lubricating oil in spark
Full load (900 rpm.) ___________ __
Idle (600 rpm.) _______________ __
Full load brake horsepower __________ __
Air intake temperature ______________ __
13.0.
11.0.
4.0'.
110—ll5° F.
Oil temperature ____________________ __ 155—l60° F.
Cooling water temperature ___________ __ 175—180° F.
60 Run length ________________________ __ 48 hours.
The 900 rpm. full load, full throttle portion of the cycl
ing operation is of ISO-second duration while the 600
rpm. no load closed throttle portion is of 100-second dura
ignition internal combustion engines. It is to be under
tion. The air-fuel ratios are determined by Orsat gas anal
stood that the reaction product may need the addition of 65 ysis. The test duration in each run was approximately
corrosion inhibitors and/ or oxidation inhibitors to make
48 hours.
it suitable for lubricating oil use. The primary require
The engine was then dismantled and the parts washed
ments for lubricating oil use are lubricity, viscosity and
with isooctane, dried, scraped, and cleaned to determine
viscosity index. The alcohols which may be used in the
the Weights of deposits. Oil consumption data are ob
preparation of the reaction product are ethylene glycol,
tained by measuring the volume of lubricant originally
1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, butylene gly
placed in the crank case and the volume of the lubricant
col, diethylene ‘glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene
which is recovered at the conclusion of the test. The dif
3,030,939
4
3
ferences in thse volums was taken as the amount of
lubricant consumed.
The synthetic motor oil used in these tests was a poly—
oxyalkylene diol sold as Prestone Motor Oil. This
it quite clear that by the use of the de?ned gasoline fuel
it is possible to operate at substantially constant lubricat
ing oil volume in the crank case of the engine.
Thus having described the invention, what is claimed
Prestone Motor Oil contains a phenylalphanaphthylamine
oxidation inhibitor, succinic anhydride rust inhibitor and
1s:
mercaptobenzothioazole corrosion inhibitor.
bustion engine whereby a substantially constant volume
of synthetic lubricating oil is maintained in the crank case
of the engine which method consists of charging as the
1. A method of operating a spark-ignition internal com
The characteristics of the Prestone Motor Oil used in
the tests are set out in Table I.
10 fuel to the combustion zone of said engine a gasoline con—
Table I
taining a synthetic lubricating oil in an amount between
Kinematic viscosity (centistokes/sec.):
100°
130°
210°
300°
F. _____________________________ __
F ______________________________ __
F ______________________________ __
F ______________________________ __
64.7
34.8
10.8
6.0
Viscosity index ___________________________ __
140
Speci?c gravity, 25° C ______________________ __ 0.9893
Refractive index, 25° C. __________________ __ 1.4518
Molecular weight ________________________ __
843
Ramsbottom carbon (wt. percent) _________ __
0.03
Acid number ____________________________ __
4.3
Saponi?cation number ____________________ __
11.4
about 0.1 and 3 volume percent and having in the crank
case of said engine as the lubricating oil a synthetic lubri
cating oil selected from the class consisting of (i) a poly
15 oxyalkylene diol having a molecular weight between 500
and 3000 which is the diol reaction product of an aliphatic
dihydroxy alcohol and a mixture consisting of ethylene
oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide, the weight ratio of ethylene
oxide to propylene oxide being from 50:50 to 10:90 and
20 (ii) arylethers of polypropylene glycols, which glycol has a
molecular weight between 500 and 3000, said synthetic
lubricating oil in said gasoline and said synthetic lubricat
ing oil charged to said crank case being essentially identical
compounds.‘
Water (wt. percent) ______________________ __
0.15
Sulfated ash (wt. percent) _________________ __
0.01 25
Approximate boiling range by molecular distilla
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said oil has a molec
ular weight of about 800 and is present in said fuel mix
ture in an amount of about 0.3 percent.
tion at 1 micron Hg:
___________________________ __
775
° F. ___________________________ __
1,050
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said oil is phenylether
of polypropylene glycol which glycol has a molecular
80% ° F. ___________________________ __
1,140
30 weight of about 1000 and is present in said fuel in an
IBP
50%
‘’ F.
amount of about 0.7 weight percent.
The gasoline used in these tests was a premium quality
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said oil is phenyl
gasoline boiling over the range of 100 to 395° F., having a
benzylether of polypropylene glycol which glycol has a
research octane number of about 93 and no tetraethyllead.
molecular weight of about 1000 and is present in said
The results of the tests are set out in Table II.
35 fuel in an amount of about 0.5 Weight percent.
Table II
Run N o.
1
References Cited in the ?le of this patent
UNITED STATES PATENTS
2
2,563,101
2,620,307
Colwell ______________ __ Aug. 7, 1951
Stewart ________________ ___ Dec. 2, 1952
Deposits, g _____________________ __
2,800,400
Gasoline Consumed, Gal _______ __
2,807,526
Hughes ______________ __ July 23, 1957
Foreman _____________ __ Sept. 24, 1957
Gasoline ____________________________________ __
Unleaded-
Lubricant
P.l\1.0-___ P.M.O.
Unleaded.‘
40
Lubricant Volume Change, ml..
OTHER REFERENCES
\\ Contained 2.5 weight percent of Prestone Motor Oil (P.M.O.).
In run 2 the gasoline fuel contained 2.5 percent of the
Prestone Motor Oil. These runs show that a very large
45
Ucon Fluids and Lubricants, Polyalklene Glycols and
Derivatives, Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., rec’d
Mar. 27, 1950, page 3.
increase in lubricating oil volume occurred during run No.
Symposium on Synthetic Lubricants, G.S.T.M. Bulletin
2. These runs show that too much P.M.O. was present in
No. 77, Fiftieth Annual Meeting, June 16-20, 1947,
the gasoline fuel in run No. 2. However, these runs make 50 “Ucons” by Russ, Jr., pages 6, 8 and 9.