A Banned party without any physical presence in Iran, it has a radical stance towards Iranian Department of Environment and considers it a "façade of environmental concern for the benefit of international observers", arguing that it "covers up environmental disasters of the state".[2] It is an exception to the Iranian environmentalist movement, in which most of organizations and NGOs are tolerated, and sometimes encouraged by the government.[2]

1.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed

2.
Politics of Iran
–
The politics of Iran take place in a framework of a theocracy in a format of syncretic politics that is guided by an Islamic ideology. Iran has a president, parliament, Assembly of Experts. According to the constitution all candidates running for these positions must be vetted by the Guardian Council before being elected, in addition, there are representatives elected from appointed organizations to protect the states Islamic character. The early days of the government were characterized by political tumult. In November 1979 the American embassy was seized and its occupants taken hostage, the eight-year Iran–Iraq War killed hundreds of thousands and cost the country billions of dollars. S. Government and some others have accused Iran of sponsoring, emigration has lost Iran millions of entrepreneurs, professionals, technicians, and skilled craftspeople and their capital. For this and other reasons Irans economy has not prospered, the Islamic Republic Party was Irans ruling political party and for years its only political party until its dissolution in 1987. After the war, new reformist/progressive parties had started to form, after the election of Mohammad Khatami in 1997, more parties started to work, mostly of the reformist movement and opposed by hard-liners. This led to incorporation and official activity of other groups. After the war ended in 1988, reformist and progressive candidates won four out of six presidential elections in Iran, the Iranian Government is opposed by several armed terrorist groups, including the Mojahedin-e-Khalq, the Peoples Fedayeen, and the Kurdish Democratic Party. For other political parties see List of political parties in Iran and these are the most recent elections that have taken place. The military and the Corps of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution are charged with defending Irans borders, Irans fiscal year goes from March 21 to March 20 of the following year. Once approved by Majlis, the bill still needs to be ratified by the Guardian Council, the bill will be sent back to the parliament for amendments if it is voted down by the Guardian Council. The Expediency Council acts as arbiter in any dispute. Following annual approval of the budget by Majlis, the central bank presents a detailed monetary and credit policy to the Money. Thereafter, major elements of these policies are incorporated into the economic development plan. The 5-year plan is part of Vision 2025, a strategy for sustainable growth. A unique feature of Irans economy is the size of the religious foundations whose combined budgets make up more than 30% that of the central government

3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565

4.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day

5.
People's Mujahedin of Iran
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Those who oppose the organization believe the group to be undemocratic and unpopular. Conversely, supporters of the group contend that their opposition to the Iranian government make it worthy of support. Various scholarly works, media outlets, and the governments of the United States, the organization has built a cult of personality around its leaders Massoud and Maryam Rajavi. The organization engaged in armed conflict with the Pahlavi dynasty in the 1970s and they hailed His Highness Ayatollah Khomeini as a glorious fighter and urged all to remain united behind him against plots by royalists and imperialists. Furthermore, the organization was unable to win a seat in the 1980 Iranian legislative election. The organization gained a new life in exile, founding the National Council of Resistance of Iran, the group says it renounced violence in 2001. However, the MEK has been accused by commentators of being financed, trained. The group was relocated to former U. S. military base Camp Liberty in Iraq. In 2002 the MEK revealed the existence of Iran’s nuclear program and they have since made various claims about the programme, not all of which have been accurate. The group had no name until February 1972, the organization has the appearance of a broad-based coalition, however, many analysts consider NCRI and MEK to be synonymous and recognize NCRI as only nominally independent political wing of MEK. Monafiqeen – the Iranian government consistently refers to the Peoples Mujahedin with this derogatory name, note, The acronym MEK is used throughout this article, as it is commonly used by the media and national governments around the world to refer to the Peoples Mujahedin. According to Albert V. Benliot, most analysts agree that MEK members tend to be more dedicated, in June 1980, at perhaps the height of their popularity, the Mojahedin attracted 150,000 sympathizers to a rally in Tehran. Jeffrey S. Dixon and Meredith Reid Sarkees estimate their strength to be about 2,000. The MEK was believed to have a 5, 000–7, 000-strong armed guerrilla group based in Iraq before the 2003 war, but a membership of between 3, 000–5,000 is considered more likely. In 2005, the U. S. think-tank the Council on Foreign Relations stated that the MEK had 10,000 members, one-third to one-half of whom were fighters. According to a 2003 article by the New York Times, the MEK was composed of 5,000 fighters based in Iraq, many of them female. BMI Researchs 2008 report estimates MEKs armed wing strength 6, 000–8,000 and its political wing around 3,000, thus a total 9, a 2013 article in Foreign Policy claimed that there were some 2,900 members in Iraq. In 2011, United States Department of Defense estimated global membership of the organization between 5,000 and 13,500 persons scattered throughout Europe, North America, and Iraq

6.
Green politics
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Green politics is a political ideology that aims to create an ecologically sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice, and grassroots democracy. The political term Green was used initially in relation to die Grünen, supporters of green politics share many ideas with the ecology, conservation, environmentalism, feminism, and peace movements. The partys platform is considered left in the political spectrum. Adherents to green politics tend to consider it to be part of a higher worldview, Green politics draws its ethical stance from a variety of sources, from the values of indigenous peoples, to the ethics of Gandhi, Spinoza and Uexküll. These people influenced green thought in their advocacy of long-term seventh generation foresight, of course, unease about adverse consequences of human actions on nature predates the modern concept of “environmentalism. Social commentators as far apart as ancient Rome and China complained of air, water, the philosophical roots of environmentalism can be traced back to enlightenment thinkers such as Rousseau in France and, later, the author and naturalist Thoreau in America. Organised environmentalism began in late 19th Century Europe and the United States as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution with its emphasis on unbridled economic expansion, “Green politics” first began as conservation and preservation movements, such as the Sierra Club, founded in San Francisco in 1892. In the 1970s, as these grew in influence, green politics arose as a new philosophy which synthesized their goals. The Kabouters were an outgrowth of Provo’s environmental White Plans and they proposed “Groene Plannen”, in May 1972, a meeting at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, launched the Values Party, the worlds first countrywide green party to contest Parliamentary seats nationally. A year later in 1973, Europes first green party, the UKs Ecology Party and they started as a provisional coalition of civic groups and political campaigns which, together, felt their interests were not expressed by the conventional parties. This statement of principles has since been utilised by many Green Parties around the world and it was this party that first coined the term Green and adopted the sunflower symbol. In the 1983 federal election, the Greens won 27 seats in the Bundestag, the first Canadian foray into green politics took place in the Maritimes when 11 independent candidates ran in the 1980 federal election under the banner of the Small Party. Inspired by Schumachers Small is Beautiful, the Small Party candidates ran for the purpose of putting forward an anti-nuclear platform in that election. It was not registered as a party, but some participants in that effort went on to form the Green Party of Canada in 1983. Current Green Party of Canada leader Elizabeth May was the instigator and one of the candidates, in Finland, in 1995, the Green League became the first European Green Party to form part of a state-level Cabinet. The German Greens followed, forming a government with the Social Democratic Party of Germany from 1998 to 2005 and this put them at odds with many Greens worldwide, but demonstrated that they were capable of difficult political tradeoffs. In 2015, Emsis party colleague, Raimonds Vējonis, was elected President of Latvia by the Latvian parliament, Vējonis became the first green head of state worldwide. In the German state of Baden-Württenburg, the Green Party became the leader of the coalition with the Social Democrats after finishing second in the Baden-Württemberg state election,2011

7.
Iranian Green Movement
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Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi are recognized as political leaders of the Green Movement. Hossein-Ali Montazeri was also mentioned as spiritual leader of the movement, the Green Movement protests were a major event in Irans modern political history and observers claimed that protests were the largest since the Iranian Revolution of 1978-1979. Ahmadinejad was winning by a landslide, though Mousavi and others believed the results were fraudulent and they suggested that the Interior Minister, Sadegh Mahsouli, an ally of Ahmadinejad, had interfered with the election and distorted the votes to keep Ahmadinejad in power. Mousavi then claimed victory, and called for his supporters to celebrate it which led to the 2009–2010 Iranian election protests, previously, he was revolutionary, because everyone inside the system was a revolutionary. Now he knows Gandhi – before he knew only Che Guevara, if we gain power through aggression we would have to keep it through aggression. That is why were having a revolution, defined by peace. Clashes broke out between police and groups protesting the results from early morning on Saturday onward. Initially, the protests were largely peaceful, however, as time passed, they became increasingly violent. In a stand-off that later took place in north Tehran between supporters of Ahmadinejad and Mousavi, a throng of people broke into shops, started fires. Civil unrest took place as riot police on motorbikes used batons to disperse Mousavi supporters who staged a sit-in near the interior ministry, up to 2,000 Mousavi supporters erected barricades of burning tyres and chanted Mousavi take back our vote. The demonstrations grew bigger and more heated than the 1999 student protests, al Jazeera English described the 13 June situation as the biggest unrest since the 1979 revolution. It also reported that protests seemed spontaneous without any formal organization, two hundred people protested outside Irans embassy in London on 13 June. Ynet has stated that tens of thousands protested on 13 June, demonstrators are chanting phrases such as Down with the dictator, Death to the dictator, and Give us our votes back. Mousavi has urged for calm and asked that his supporters refrain from acts of violence, ynet reported on 14 June that two people had died in the rioting so far. That day, protests had been organized in front of the Iranian embassies in Turkey, Dubai, Paris, Berlin, London, Rome, Sydney, Vienna and The Hague. In response to the reformist protests, tens of thousands of people rallied in Tehran on 14 June to support the victory of Ahmadinejad. On 15 June, Mousavi rallied, with anywhere from hundreds of thousands to three million, of his supporters in Tehran, despite being warned by officials that any such rally would be illegal. The demonstration, the largest in the Islamic Republic of Irans 30-year history, was Mousavis first public appearance after the election, protests focused around Azadi Tower, around which lines of people stretched for more than nine kilometers met

8.
National Council of Resistance of Iran
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The National Council of Resistance of Iran is an Iranian political organization based in France. On 21 December 2001, Australia added the organization, alias of MEK, on 15 August 2003, being considered an alias of MEK, it was designated as a terrorist organization by the United States and was delisted on 28 September 2012. The NCRI was originally an organization of Iranian dissident groups that shared an opposition to Ayatollah Khomeni and Islamic Republic. It was formed by Peoples Mujahedin of Iran leader, Massoud Rajavi, and former president of Iran Abolhassan Banisadr in 1981 and they were later joined by National Democratic Front and Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran. Unlike KDPI, the other leftist major Kurdish opposition Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan refused to join the alliance, the council also received unequivocal support from Labour Party of Iran. Despite presence of personalities such as Nasser Pakdaman, Bahman Nirumand, Mehdi Khanbaba Tehrani, Mansour Farhang and several others. In 1983, elements united with NCRI began to depart the alliance because of conflicts with the MEK, due to violent pro-Iraq activities of MEK in the Iran–Iraq War, the NDF and Banisadr withdrew from the council. On 24 March 1983, Banisadr officially left the council, on 14 April 1985, the KDPI left the organization because they preserved their independence to decide to negotiate with Irans regime. NCRI was transformed from an organization into a MEK subsidiary. MEK leader Maryam Rajavi is the designated president-elect of the organization, however, it is no longer considered terrorist. Some top US officials such as Dick Armey have suggested that the State Department wrongly included MEK in the terrorist list from the beginning. It has been alleged that the inclusion of NCRI and MEK in the list was an offered to the theocratic regime of Iran rather than based the facts of the matter. According to the Wall Street Journal Senior diplomats in the Clinton administration say the MEK figured prominently as a chip in a bridge-building effort with Tehran. President Khatamis government considered it a pretty big deal, Indyk said, on January 26,2009, EU Council of Ministers agreed to remove the MEK from the EU terror list. The group said it was the outcome of a legal and political battle. The European Union had previously listed the MEK on its list but excluded the NCRI itself from the list of organizations considered to be terrorist organizations. At the same time Michael Axworthy, former head of the Iran section at the FCO, claimed that the NCRI is a tightly disciplined front organization for the MEK and deemed them unreliable. ”National Council of Iran National Resistance Movement of Iran NCRIs official website

9.
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
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The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan, also known as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran, is a militant leftist ethnic party of Kurds in Iran, exiled in northern Iraq. It is banned in Iran and thus not able to operate openly and it calls for self-determination of Kurdish people and has been described as seeking either separatism or autonomy within a federal system. Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps officials have called the party a terrorist organization, hyeran Jo of Texas A&M University classifies KDPI as compliant rebels, i. e. rebels that kill fewer than 100 and refrain from killing for more than half of their operating years. Qazi Muhammad founded the PDKI in Mahabad, Iran, on 16 August 1945, on 22 January 1946, Qazi Muhammad declared a Kurdish Republic of Kurdistan, of which he formally became president. The Republic lasted less than a year, after the USSR retreated from the area, after the fall of the Republic, many of the PDKI leaders were arrested and executed, effectively ending the party. In 1958, the PDKI was on the verge of unifying with the Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic Party, but was then dismantled by the SAVAK secret police. The remains of the PDKI continued to support the KDP, but this changed as the Shah started aiding the KDP, in return for the Shahs aid, the KDP decerased its support for the PDKI. The Committee began a revolution in March 1967, ending after 18 months. After reforms by a new leader, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, the PDKI fought alongside Islamic and Marxist movements against the Shah, khomeinis new Islamic regime, however, refused the Kurdish demands, suppressing the PDKI and other Kurdish parties. The PDKI continued its activities in exile, hoping to achieve Kurdish national rights within a federal republic of Iran. The highest PDKI organ is the Central Committee, composed of 21 permanent and 10 substitute members, the Central Committee elects 7 of its members for the executive Political Bureau, which also includes the Secretary-General. The current Secretary-General is Mustafa Hijri, sadeq Sharafkandis murder became an international incident between Germany and Iran. On 17 September 1992, PDKI leaders Sadegh Sharafkandi, Fattah Abdoli, Homayoun Ardalan and their translator Nouri Dehkordi were assassinated at the Mykonos Greek restaurant in Berlin, Germany. In the Mykonos trial, the courts found Kazem Darabi, an Iranian national who worked as a grocer in Berlin, two other Lebanese, Youssef Amin and Mohamed Atris, were convicted of being accessories to murder. The PDKI has held fifteen congresses and these occurred in 1945,1964,1971,1980,1982,1984,1985,1988,1992,1995,1997,2000,2004,2008,2012. During the 20th Congress of the Socialist International, held at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City, in 2005, the PDKIs membership was elevated to consultative status. Qazi Muhammad Ahmad Tofiq Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou Sadegh Sharafkandi Abdullah Hasanzadeh Mustafa Hijri The PDKI English language homepage

10.
Liberal democracy
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Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism. It is also called western democracy, to define the system in practice, liberal democracies often draw upon a constitution, either formally written or uncodified, to delineate the powers of government and enshrine the social contract. After a period of sustained expansion throughout the 20th century, liberal democracy became the predominant political system in the world, a liberal democracy may take various constitutional forms, it may be a constitutional monarchy or a republic. It may have a system, a presidential system, or a semi-presidential system. Liberal democracies usually have universal suffrage, granting all citizens the right to vote regardless of race. Historically, however, some regarded as liberal democracies have had a more limited franchise. There may also be such as voters being required to register before being allowed to vote. The decisions made through elections are not by all of the citizens. The liberal democratic constitution defines the character of the state. The purpose of a constitution is seen as a limit on the authority of the government. Liberal democracy emphasises the separation of powers, an independent judiciary, Liberal democracies are likely to emphasise the importance of the state being a Rechtsstaat, i. e. a state that follows the principle of rule of law. Governmental authority is exercised only in accordance with written, publicly disclosed laws adopted and enforced in accordance with established procedure. In practice, democracies do have limits on certain freedoms, there are various legal limitations such as copyright and laws against defamation. There may be limits on speech, on attempts to undermine human rights. In the United States more than in Europe, during the Cold War, now they are more commonly applied to organisations perceived as promoting actual terrorism or the incitement of group hatred. Examples include anti-terrorism legislation, the shutting down of Hezbollah satellite broadcasts, critics claim that these limitations may go too far and that there may be no due and fair judicial process. The common justification for these limits is that they are necessary to guarantee the existence of democracy, for example, allowing free speech for those advocating mass murder undermines the right to life and security. Opinion is divided on how far democracy can extend to include the enemies of democracy in the democratic process, if relatively small numbers of people are excluded from such freedoms for these reasons, a country may still be seen as a liberal democracy

11.
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan
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Komalah, also known as KŞZK or its full name Komełey Şorrişgêrrî Zehmetkêşanî Kurdistanî Êran is a left-wing Kurdish nationalist political party based in Iranian and Iraqi Kurdistan. Komala has been in the terrorist list of Iran since the formation of the new regime, Komala was founded in Tehran, Iran by a group of Kurdish university students led by Foad Mostafa Soltani. Because there was a lot of mismanagement by the IRANIAN AS WELL AS THE russian regime, the kurds were allowed to start their own republic at the end of WW2, which was called the Republic of Mahabad. Unfortunately, the Republic of Mahabad was very short lived and lasted for 11 months, because the Russians no longer expressed their support, Foad Mostafa Soltani also known as graduated from High School in Sanandaj and went on to study Electrical Engineering in Irans capital city, Tehran. Kak Foad went to Aryamehr University and met many Kurdish students who later inspired him with their leftist ideas, during these years, Kak Foad spent most of the times studying different Marxist books and learning himself about the leftist ideas. Kak Foad was appointed as supervisor in Sanadaj’s Institute and High School after completing his studies in Tehran. Kak Foad was arrested by SAVAK—the Shah’s secret police and jailed him in a prison in the capital, torture could not break his determination to safeguard the nascent organisation’s secrets. Kak Foad later went on strike in protest to how theyve been treating him. In 1979, after four years in jail and the advent of Iran’s revolution, thousands of Marivan residents celebrated his release. He immediately set upon organising activities during the revolution, this time as a leader, moreover, after his release he played a crucial role in the reorganisation of Komala that made it one of the most popular parties in Kurdistan following Iran’s revolution. In 1979, Khomeini declared a Jihad on the Kurds and forced Kak Foad to take up arms against him, Xanes death came as a mayor blow to Komala since they had not expected him to get ambushed along the way and die. After Xanes death, Komalas plans for a group was not as expected. Xane died on 21 June and he is honored to this day by Komala and his day is also known as The day of Komalas Peshmerga to honor the first martyr of Komala and the day the guerilla group was formed. Komalas group is called Peshmerga and their Peshmerga are made out of men and women, since Komala was the first Kurdish party to include female fighters. The female fighters played a role in fighting against the Iranian regime. As of late 1990, Komala has stopped any armed activities within Iran, Abdullah Mohtadi however sent Komala fighters to the frontlines of Kirkuk in order to fight ISIS from 2015 onwards. They stayed in the front for several months but were sent back by PDK after PDK was criticized by Iran for allowing terrorist organization in their territory. Since Komala has stopped their armed struggle against the Iranian regime, Kak Foad played a crucial role in preparation for an armed resistance against the Iranian regime in Kurdistan after the declaration of a Jihad against them

National Budget Expenditures for Social and Economic Purposes, Fiscal Year 2004. Government spending as percent of total budget was 6% for health care, 16% for education and 8% for the military in the period 1992–2000 and contributed to an average annual inflation rate of 14 percent in the period 2000–2008.