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Social contract Essays & Research Papers

Best Social contract Essays

﻿April Carithers Wilburn
Western Civilization II
Allison Elledge
2/28/14
What is the Social Contract?
How was one to be able to be governed and still remain free men? The Social Contract was an agreement that was part moral and part political obligation that depended on the people to form society. The entire contract explains the aspects to answer this question (Rousseau, Jean Jacques. "The Social Contract."). The contract states that there is a way for a person to be part of a...

Social Contract Theory
AJS/532
June 16, 2014
Christina Payne
Social Contract Theory
This essay will give an evaluation on the social contract theory of John Locke and how these values identify with the consistency of the criminal justice system and private settings. This essay will discuss whether or not the values and principles will apply to both venues. This essay will also include a summary of the major differences of the social contract theories. This essay will provide...

Thomas Hobbes: The Social Contract Theory
Thomas Hobbes theory is that in the state of nature, the only thing that motivates an individual is self interest. The state of nature is essentially a state in which men and women are left to their own desires and can do whatever they want. There is no government to intervene or necessary laws and standards. In the state of nature, you will do whatever you have to do to fulfill your self interest. In the prisoner's dilemma two people have been...

﻿The Social Contract Theory of Morality is a contract based on a mutual agreement that two or more people have come to an agreement on. By these individuals involved in the contract they are simple agreeing to abide by the contract being that they have come to a mutual understanding.
Example:
An example of this I would say is a Lawyer and the lawyer’s client. The lawyer and the client agree that whatever is said between the two will remain between the two. Another example of this would be a...

113 Words | 1 Page

All Social contract Essays

Angie Z.
Tutorial Section: D115
December 6, 2010
Compare and contrast the ‘social contract theories’ of Thomas Hobbes and John Rawls. Which theory is more persuasive? Be sure to explain what Rawls means by ‘the original position,’ and the ‘veil of ignorance,’ and why those concepts do not figure in Hobbes’ theory.
Social Contract Theory holds that the only consideration that makes actions right is that action is in accordance with an agreement made by the rational people for governing...

Agriculture - While not fertile, towns were surrounded by farms owned by the workers. They had a high degree of mechanical ingenuity and self-sufficiency.
Fishing - In 1633, Boston first exported fish. In 1639, Massachusetts was exempted from paying taxes on fishing boats. The fishing industry was huge by 1700. Over and above normal fishing, whaling was also a major occupation of the region.
Commerce - Individuals from the New England area were heavily involved in commerce. The trade with...

Liberalism and Social Contract
Charles Larmore speaks of moral complexity as it exists in a pluralistic sense. The idea of pluralism says that each and every person has their own separate conception of the good as it appears to them. It is I virtually impossible to have to separate entities come up with the same exact concept of the "Good Life" and what it holds for them. As there are these conflicts ideals that exist in each of us it is possible for our conception of the good to come...

﻿Hobbes and the Hypothetical Contract
In dealing with the problem with political authority Thomas Hobbes proposes that state’s derive their power from a hypothetical social contract that is made between a government and its citizens. It attempts to solve the problem with political legitimacy and political obligation; the right to rule and the reason citizens obey those in power. Hobbes believes that the only way to get out of a wild and unjust “state of nature” is to collectively give up some...

Views of The Social Contract
“Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains” (Rousseau). Is probably one of the most widely known quotes in the philosophical world. Rousseau explains in his Social Contract how all people are bound to some sort of convention in the entire span of their life. He starts out with his ideas of how some sort of contract has always been present, the natural contract of a parent and child. The parent cares for the child, and the child is dependent on the parent,...

What is the Social Contract Theory? Do I think that it can be defended? In this paper I will define what the Social Contract Theory is and how and why I think that it can be defended against its critics.
Social Contract Theory is a contract that the people of a given area agree upon to live by. In this contract the people agree upon rules or laws to live by there is usually some sort of government that will help to enforce and administer these rules and/or laws. If people break or disobey...

In this essay I will be discussing Thomas Hobbes’ and John Locke’s interpretation of the social contract theory. I will then be evaluating Locke’s argument that his conclusions differ from Hobbes’ as he claims. My thesis is the following: John Locke’s argument that his conclusions are different from Thomas Hobbes’ conclusions is not valid. He makes no claim as to why people are motivated to enter into a social contract; he also does not establish where the understanding of personal property...

﻿Mario Llanos
Ms. Burleson
Philosophy 1301
11/26/13
A World of Freedom and Security
In a world that freedom is guaranteed, you are able to do as you please. This place is great to be if there was a way to insure that everything you own will be safe and that people who destroy what’s yours will be penalized and justified. Life without rules is a place that can be chaotic when there is no one to help you protect your property. For a better world to be formed, people will have to give...

Social Contract Theory of John Locke
Jerome Green Jr.
CJA/530
June 30, 2010
Instructor: Ms. Marie Romero-Martinez
John Locke was one of the preeminent philosopher's of his time. In one of his most successful works, the Two Treaties of Government, Locke asserted that men are by nature free and equal against claims that God had made all people naturally subject to a monarch (Tuckness). Locke argued that people have rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property. Locke's Social...

MIGHT CHANGE IN MODERN POLITICS BE JUSTIFIED BY THE SOCIAL CONTRACT? DISCUSS WITH REFERENCE TO THINKERS EXAMINED IN THIS UNIT
Modern politics governments differ from state to state based on their constitutions. The origins of some of these constitutions are somewhat unclear and my essay will attempt to shed light on what foundations they might have been built. I will give Thomas Hobbes definition of man in the ‘the state of nature’ and the transformation from this state to society, with...

Social Contract Theory
Amber C. Brown
AJS/532
September 2, 2013
Cyril Vierra
Social Contract Theory
The social contract theory was one that emerged in response to human enlightenment and civic awareness (Souryal, 2007). The theory was based on the belief that natural human existence without a binding contract among those who live together would create danger (Souryal, 2007). Without a contact people would not be secure in their property, rights or claims; fights would break out in which...

THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
The theory is as old as philosophy itself. It is of the view that persons’ moral and/ or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. The theory of a social contract is therefore a hypothesis explaining how society originates as well as the presumed relationships between its members, how they incur responsibilities and their rights.
Early proponents of the social contract theory include;
-...

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
Social contract theory (or contractarianism) is a concept used in philosophy, political science and sociology to denote an implicit agreement within a state regarding the rights and responsibilities of the state and its citizens, or more generally a similar concord between a group and its members, or between individuals. All members within a society are assumed to agree to the terms of the social contract by their choice to stay within the society without violating the...

Social Contract Theory
According to social contract theory (SCT),
“morality consists in the set of rules governing behavior, that rational people would accept, on the condition that others accept them as well.”
The social contract theory holds that in earliest history man lived in a "state of nature." No government existed. Each man was only as secure as his own power and mental awareness could make him.
By agreeing with one another to make a state by contract, men within a given area...

Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you analyze the social contract theory of John Locke and how the values identified are consistent with the criminal justice system and private security settings. Do these values and principles apply to both venues?
• What are the key principles associated with Locke’s social contract theory?
• How are these principle inculcated in the U.S. Bill of Rights?
• How do the principles play out in the criminal justice system and security settings?
•...

A social contract is an agreement between citizens and their ruler. It defines the rights and duties of both the ruler and their citizens. Social contract theory is a notion that denotes an implicit agreement within a state regarding the rights and responsibilities of the state and its citizens. All members within a society are assumed to agree to the terms of the social contract by their choice to stay within the society without violating the contract. A violation would mean an attempt to...

Dr Richard Murphy- FWPT Michaelmas Essay 1 Charlotte Yeldon
Words 1,997.
Is the aim of the social contract to establish freedom, equality or merely ‘peace’? How far is it successful, and at what cost? (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau)
The Social Contract is a theory that originated during the Enlightenment, which addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual. Social contract arguments typically posit that individuals have...

﻿Sean Coutorie GOVT 2301 June 25, 2013 Skipworth Coconut Wars The “Social Contract Theory” is a theory that without the unofficial introduction of morals of right and wrong, we would all be living in a world worse than that our homo-erectus ancestors inhabited in such a way that there would be no “we” but just our self interest in the desire to survive. There would be no groups, no tools, and no interactions other than that of...

Rousseau: The Social Contract
In Book I of the Social Contract, Rousseau suggests that towards a certain stage in the state of nature, people feel the need to bind themselves to one another. Individuals bind themselves to a larger community and form a social contract. Rousseau’s main argument in Book I is that the community that is formed by the gathering of individuals is not simply an aggregation of the interests of all the individuals that form it. It is a distinct entity –in a way, a...

What is the Function of a Social Contract?
Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the...

Social Contract Theory
Social contract theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons’ moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. Socrates uses something quite like a social contract argument to explain to Crito why he must remain in prison and accept the death penalty. However, social contract theory is rightly associated with modern moral and political theory and is given its first...

Thomas Hobbes and the Social Contract
When analyzing the modern social contract theorists, one must take into account the conditions that the philosopher was living in while devising his social contract. Each theorist: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes all have the same idea but each has his theory rooted in very different beliefs. Rousseau formulated his theory in the middle of the French Enlightenment and the same theory breathed life into the intellectual basis for the...

To ensure public safety and protection is properly provided to all citizens equally, many societies fee that the best decision is to relinquish some of their rights in favor of a government control over this protection. However, with this decisions come many different ideas, concepts, and factor that determine when the central government no longer provides the services which they are obligated to perform. Although many of these ideas and theories are centuries old, they do play a vital role in...

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke held contrasting theories on how government should limit the rights of men, which they referred to as the social contract. Thomas Hobbes' theory of the social contract is that a government should have complete discretion over the limitations of men’s rights, while Locke's theory is that a social contract is necessary, but the rights limited should be solely for the protection of property.
Thomas Hobbes' theory of the social contract is that men should give up all...

﻿THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
The idea of the social contract goes back, to Thomas Hobbes; John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant developed it in different ways. After Kant the idea largely fell into disrepute until John Rawls resurrected it. It is now at the heart of the work of a number of moral and political philosophers. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contract the social contract theorists and their views on the origin of state.
THOMAS HOBBES: (1588-1679)...

﻿Tatum Schneidmiller
Justice Theory
Assignment #1
Ward Churchill's criticism of social contract theory clearly applies to classic social contract theories that we discussed. However, Rawls adds the veil of ignorance concept to his more modern social contract theory. A) Explain the basics of Rawls and Churchill's arguments and how they each criticize classic social contract theories. B) Discuss whether or not Churchill's argument applies to Rawls' modification and explain how and why it...

Hobbes and Locke Paper: Social Contract Theory
April 15, 2012
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are two of the most influential political philosophers of the modern age. Their ideas on political philosophy, among other ideas, have helped shaped the Western World, as we know it. One of the most important theories that the two have both discussed, and written in detail on, is the idea of the social contract. Social Contract Theory is the view that moral and/or political duties depend on a contract...

Throughout history and in modern society, the relationship between law and justice has been examined and debated resulting in the creation of various theories attempting to outline systems of a just society. Some of these theories revolve around a central notion of a ‘social contract’ in which society is formed through a theoretical agreement between a group of people about their moral and political obligations. This concept has been used by theorists such as Mill and Rousseau, to explain why...

John Locke’s Social Contract Theory
Jon Bartholf
CJA530: Ethics in Justice and Security
October 10, 2011
Cristina Payne
Abstract
The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, incorporates many of the views and ideas of John Locke, an English philosopher, and his writings of the Social Contract theory. Within the theory, Locke states that society should be afforded certain unalienable rights (life, liberty, and happiness) that give authority and control to the...

“Without a social contract there would be no morality...”
In this essay I will be debating whether moral motivation is purely existent as a result of a ‘social contract’ through an insight to conflicting philosophers’ hypothesis.
The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes supported the idea that a social contract is necessary in order for a moral society to be attainable. Hobbes argued that morality would be non-existent within ‘a state of nature’. This is a society that lives in the absence of a...

Social Contract Theory of John Locke
Given the honored and extensive authority that the social contract theory upholds, the supposition still endures various assessments. The view that people’s ethical and political responsibilities are reliant upon a contract between them to structure a society is also precisely linked with current ethical and political theory. John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704), a prominent truth-seeker among other professions of the 17th and early 18th centuries, is primarily...

The Social Contract
The three philosophers, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were three key thinkers of political philosophy. The three men helped develop the social contract theory into what it is in this modern day and age. The social contract theory was the creation of Hobbes who created the idea of a social contract theory, which Locke and Rousseau built upon. Their ideas of the social contract were often influenced by the era in which they lived and social issues...

Outline Hobbes' theory on the social contract giving details on what he believed was needed to maintain it.
I will attempt to answer this question by initially explaining what Hobbes' view on humanity was, since these views were what caused him to write his theory on the social contract, quote part of what he wrote regarding the subject and what it means in layman's terms
What Hobbes believed:
Thomas Hobbes, a 17th century British philosopher, had a rather pessimistic (but, in my...

THOMAS HOBBES AND HIS THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT
Human beings live in a world that is full of rules, regulations and most of the time they don’t have chance to refuse or change them. The majority of the world population lives in territories where there are official, organized institutions called “states”. human beings lived freely in nature without a central, binding power long period of time in history. Thomas Hobes who tried explain necessity of the state explain the transition...

The Foundation of Society:
A Review of Social Contract Theory
The Social Contract Theory works as a rule of moral constraints in society for the common good. For Rachels’ perspective, “The Social Contract Theory: The right thing to do is to follow the rules that rational, self-interested people would agree to follow for their mutual benefit.” (Rachels 158) Based on “self-interested” criteria, people “need another enforceable agreement” to last harmonies which are built on this social contract....

John Locke’s Social Contract Theory
CJA/530
Charles Gill
July 11, 2011
This paper analyzes the social contract theory of John Locke and how his values are consistent with the criminal justice system and private security settings of today. It will further discuss whether or not Locke’s’ values and principles apply to both criminal justice and private security venues. I will also summarize the major differences of the social contract theories; identify the key principles associated...

Social contract theory is a theory first talked about by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke and then other philosophers such as Rousseau, Paine, and Hume; it is a theory suggesting that without state there is the state of nature, which is essentially the state of anarchy and consent is made by individuals to create a state as a ‘necessary evil’ as Tomas Paine describes the state. There are two points of disagreement in relation to the state. One is the nature of the state- whether it should be...

Page 1 of 7
What is Social Contract Theory?
The concept of social contract theory is that in the beginning man lived in the state of
nature. They had no government and there was no law to regulate them. There were
hardships and oppression on the sections of the society. To overcome from these
hardships they entered into two agreements which are:-
1. ǲPactum Unionisǳ; and 2. ǲPactum Subjectionisǳ. By the first pact of unionis, people sought protection of their lives and property. As,...

NATURAL RIGHTS THEORIES
THOMAS HOBBES’ DOCTRINE OF NATURAL LAW, NATURAL RIGHTS AND THE STATE
Submission Date: 22/03/2013
Student ID: 201105385
Kofiya Willie
INTRODUCTION
In contradiction with the great philosophers Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Hobbes doctrine of natural rights is a scientific research based emphasis on the rise of negativity in the theory of the classical natural law. In his doctrine, Hobbes rejects natural law as a means of peace attainment in different...

Social Justice
Social justice is most commonly referred to as the idea that everyone deserves equal rights and opportunities. There are several definitions of the term social justice, however this definition refers to the social, economic, and political rights that people who share this viewpoint of social justice believe everyone is entitled to. Opposing viewpoints when it comes to this term may firmly believe that social justice is nothing more than one group of people, usually...

The Case of the Speluncean Explorers: Interpretation of the Contracts
Tang Jun
I
Lon Fuller’s The Case of the Speluncean Explorers is a hypothetical case, a thought experiment composed of perfect scenarios presenting jurisprudence of different schools. The 14 judges argue against each other with various legal grounds to acquit or convict the defendants. Their disputes dominantly focus on three points. The first issue is...

There are many differing views on the nature of justice. Some philosophers like John Locke and Frederich Nietzsche advocate the importance of individualism. However, John Stuart Mill strongly urges the vitality of concern for thy neighbor and the use of debate. Within each individual’s ideology I can see the positives. However, when it comes to the nature of justice I think the strong sense of personal goals in individualism and the allocation of debate in Mill’s ideals is what will bring the...

INTRODUCTION
In this assignment, the relevance of Rawls theory of social justice in improving the wellbeing of the people in society has been discussed.
Social justice as understood by the writer is concerned with equal justice, not just in courts but in all aspects of society. This concepts demand that people have equal rights and opportunities: everyone, from the poorest person on the margins of society to the wealthiest deserves an even playing field.
According to the Wikipedia...

This paper analyzes the social contract theory of John Locke and how his values are consistent with the criminal justice system and private security settings of today. It will further discuss whether or not Locke’s’ values and principles apply to both criminal justice and private security venues. I will also summarize the major differences of the social contract theories; identify the key principles associated with Locke’s social contract theory; identify how these principles are inculcated in...

Thomas Hobbes believes that all people are naturally evil, hostile, and self-seeking whereas Jean Jacques Rousseau claims that all people are naturally good people and generally happy. I plan to prove that Rousseau has the stronger position of the two contract theorists.
Thomas Hobbes claims all people are hostile and naturally self-seeking. Hobbes's claims when two people have a desire for the same resource the natural result is war. The state of nature, as deemed by Hobbes, is the "natural...

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES
Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies
(SALISES)
Course Work Assignment
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
for
SAL6010: Development Theory and Policy
M. SC. IN DEVELOPMENT STATISTICS
SEMESTER ONE
ST. AUGUSTINE CAMPUS
Name: Adeola Reid
Date: [ Wednesday, 05 December 2012 ]
The globalization project (1970s – 2000s), liberalizing trade and investments, and privatizing public goods and services, has privileged...

Social Progressions
As man progresses from his primitive origins he begins to create societies and groups. As these societies grow more complex he must adapt his own methods and progress through a series of social progressions. Inherently, man is a social being and tends toward a herd animal existence. Man’s superior intelligence allows him to survive, and in groups he can remain atop the food chain, but as a solitary creature, he does not stand in such esteem; joining together and...

Question 2: Psychological Egoism
As human beings it is in our nature to be driven by self-interest. This is where the view of psychological egoism derives from. Even though it may seem like we are taking part in an unselfish act, in different ways it can also be considered selfish. It is because of this view that morality is needed in society in order for us to live in harmony with one another. In this essay I will discuss how it is possible to reconcile egoism with morality and why we should...

﻿
To What Extent is Civil Disobedience Justified in a Democracy?
Contents
Abstract 3
Introduction 4
What is Civil Disobedience? 5
Democracy 8
Conclusion 11
Bibliography 12
Abstract
My interest in the topic of civil disobedience was sparked by a specific news article in which activists climbed Mount Rushmore to hang a poster demanding that the president of the United States, Barrack Obama, address issues of global warming. The...

Rules of Business Communication: Delivering Messages Appropriately
Vincent McCaffrey
vincent@thevilla.cz
MBA 505 Business Communications
Dave Griffin
Research Paper
Dec 14, 2009
Rules provide a guide for individuals’ behavior and a means by which to predict the behavior of others, and they are a vital part of the social contracts that exist among individuals and between the individual and the group. According to Geertz (1973, cited in Schall 1983),...

Ms Teacher
Boston Cribs
English 10¬ —Period 1
Sunday, March 30, 2014
Stripped of Civilization
Are we born savage? Is civilization the only factor that domesticates us and keeps us in check? William Golding answered these questions in his novel, Lord of the Flies. In the story, a group of boys crash landed on a deserted island with no adults and initially tried to set up order and government. Ralph and Piggy were the ones who represented this desire for order. But as time went on...

Why Be Moral?
Thomas Hobbes and Joseph Butler were two great philosophers that had differing viewpoints to the question of “Why Be Moral?” In this paper, I will show you the different points each makes to support their views and then explain why I believe that Butler’s response to this question is more satisfactory in my opinion.
Thomas Hobbes believes that morality came from humans themselves, which humans were able to invent morality in order for us to be able to live together. Hobbes...

Consent to Fear
Throughout Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, there are numerous references to the emotion of fear in human nature and it’s effects as one of the defining principles of human interaction. It helps set up a foundation of sorts for some of the main points of Hobbes’ liberal view on the governing body of society and a basis for the “Social Contract Theory”.
As Hobbes’ continually points out, in a state of nature, fear is the most antagonizing force that a man produces to be used...

The first humans on earth were primative clans that stuck together. As time developed so did the mind of the human. As the minds of humans started to expand, society developed and so did its many other aspects. One of those aspects is the social contract. A social contract are theories that try to explain the ways in which people form states and/or maintain social order. The notion of the social contract implies that the people give up some rights to a government or other authority in order to...

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two of the great political theorists of their time. Both created great philosophical texts that help to describe the role of government in man’s life, as well as their views of man’s state of nature. Even though both men do have opposite views on many of their political arguments, the fact that they are able to structure their separate ideologies on the state of man in nature is the bond that connects them. Both men look toward the creation of civil order in...

A Review of “The Death of Common Sense” by Philip Howard
Jennifer Loidolt
College of St. Scholastica
A Review of “The Death of Common Sense” by Philip Howard
“The Death of Common Sense” detailed glaring concerns with the governing of our society. Initially Howard discusses the law, and how it controls almost every activity of common interest. After a law is made, it is no longer questioned, even if common sense tells us the law no longer makes sense. He then goes into process and...

History suggests that the overwhelming majority of human beings have had to choose between either tyranny or anarchy
Correct!
True
False
Question 2
1 / 1 pts
The Good Society is what is needed to break the human predicament cycle
The Good Society is what is needed to break the human predicament cycle
Correct!
True
False
Question 3
1 / 1 pts
John Winthrop was an influential Puritan
John Winthrop was an influential Puritan
Correct!
True
False
Question 4...

John Lockes Philosophy On Justice & Opinion About The Death Penalty
Western concepts of justice are derived from Greco-Roman philosophical traditions and the teachings of Christ. From Greco-Roman traditions comes the ancient maxim, “to live honestly, to hurt no one, to give everyone his due.” For John Locke (1632-1704), the concept of justice is a major underlying theme throughout his political thought as a whole. For Locke, natural justice sets the limits and provides the direction for...

I shall start off by first defining the meaning of A State of Nature. As the likes of Hobbes, Rousseau and Locke wrote about it, it means man when he was natural in his state of nature, uninfluenced by society, and the temptations of today. There are no rights in a state of nature, only freedom to do as one wishes. It is a term used to illustrate the theoretical condition of civilization before the states foundation in Social Contract Theories. In the dictionary it is described as “a wild...

Some might claim that a social contract transforms our moral psychology so that we come to act from a sense of duty to others and not just selfishly. In this essay, I will express why Hobbes' theory that people always act from self-interest would not change people's moral psychology.
Hobbes argues that being involved in a social contract does not transform our moral psychology, so that we act from a sense of duty, but rather from selfishness.
Hobbes begins with mental and physiological...

According to Thomas Hobbes, in the state of nature every human being acts in a way to maximize their satisfaction with disregard to the self-interest of others. The state of nature is a state of war where everyone must fend for his or herself and all are against all. No one has any sort of moral obligation to anything else except to maximize one’s own satisfaction. Although the goal is to maximize satisfaction over time, the constant threat of war or someone plotting against you to get what...

Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Europe was rattled by political instability. The reformation of old ideas began along with the development of new ones. Rumor of democracy began to flow and new political institutions began to arise.
Thomas Hobbes, most well known for his writings on the human psyche and the social contract, was trying to discover the form or pattern in human behavior that all live by, and what things go through our head when we react to particular things in...

In his Second Treatise on Law and Government, John Locke outlines clear and coherent standards for what constitutes a legitimate government and what persons one such government would have authority over. Both are determined by citizens' acts of consenting to relinquish to the government part of their natural authority over their own conduct. Unfortunately, the situation becomes much less clear once we consider how his standards would apply to the political situation existing in the real world...

Ethical Analysis Of The Parable Of The Sadhu
Ethical Analysis of the Parable of the Sadhu
The Parable of the Sadhu is a story of men climbing the Himalayas that run into a moral dilemma. These are not just any men. These are groups of men from many different cultural backgrounds. As they are climbing the mountain they run into a nearly naked Indian holy man that is near death. The moral dilemma comes into play when they are forced to make the decision to backtrack down the mountain to save...

Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were to philosophers with opposing opinions on human nature and the state of nature. Locke saw humanity and life with optimism and community, whereas Hobbes only thought of humans as being capable of living a more violent, self-interested lifestyle which would lead to civil unrest. However, both can agree that in order for either way of life to achieve success there must be a sovereign.
Hobbes was a philosopher who saw humans as a...

Introduction
Throughout history the debate has always arisen about what is human nature. Is it in our nature to be good or is it our nature to be evil? Many philosophers have joined the debate taking stances on either end of the spectrum, while some try to pose alternative answers. Thomas Hobbes believes man’s nature to be bad. He claims humans to be naturally selfish, like animals we are driven by our own passions. Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. believed that man is...

The Fear that Keeps Government in Place
In Leviathan, Hobbes attempts to explain how civil government came to be established. He begins his argument at the most logical place; the fundamental basis of mankind, and makes several key steps in the development of human nature to reach the implementation of a sovereign ruler. Hobbes believes the foundation of mankind is motion. Man is in constant motion and the instability that forms from the collisions that ensue from the constant motion form the...

Thomas Hobbes was an English political philosopher in the early 1600’s who believed that morality and politics evolve out of a social contract. This concept came to be known as Hobbes “social contract theory”. In this theory Hobbes introduces the idea of a hypothetical natural state of men or what he calls “the state of nature”. According to Thomas Hobbes, in the state of nature all people are more or less equal to one another both physically and mentally. For example, even the strongest man can...

Political Philosophy
Hobbes, Locke, and the Social Contract
The concept of human security, which has had a crucial place in human's societal history, has been argued over by many great philosophers throughout mankind’s existence. Two pioneer thinkers of political philosophy, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, theorized state of nature typologies, which are the core of social contract theory, and created a concept of modern security, even in the 17th century. Hobbes created a contract...

In general, it was believed that the business have the duty responsibility to provide products that fulfill the claims that the business explicitly made about the products on the markets to their consumers. Consumers form expectations about the products they are going to buy based on those claims and thus, leads them enter into a buying contract. The company has the duty to provide consumers what they pay for. However, consumers today were assumed to be wise, knowledgeable and doubtful. The...

﻿State laws are not always just. State violence is not always legitimate. Discuss these issues in relation to protest and dissent.
In his 1918 essay Politics as a Vocation, Max Weber described the monopoly of state violence as an essential characteristic of modern governments. (1918 p.1) State violence is monopolised towards the pursuit of societal compliance, which according to political history, is a necessary condition for a functioning democracy. (1918 p.2) As Tolstoy points out, history...

Hobbes vs Locke
Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke both developed theories on human nature, the state of nature, how men govern themselves and the dynamics of the social contract. With the passing of time, political views on the philosophy of government steadily changed. In spite of their differences, Hobbes, and Locke, became two of the most influential political theorists in the world.
Hobbes believed that man is not by nature a social animal, that society could not exist except by the power...

﻿LASMAIDA MIKHA THERESIA ROGATE
7B
1104913
DIMENSION OF JUSTICE IN THE PLAY OF “ANTIGONE”
In this second essay entitle ‘Dimension of Justice in the Play of “Antigone”, I would like to compare the understanding of “justice” in Creon and Antigone’s point of view as well as the justice’s point of view according the truth. There are number of reasons why I am interested to analyze the term of justice in this second essay. One of them is that it is a challenging issue to discuss. To support the...

Two, the cost and efficiency gains from the consolidation of the present 39 state-structure could be channelled towards improved provision of public services and better quality of governance. A computerised national identity card scheme has become an imperative.
Three, states should invest in smart security, especially preventative security, which could involve phone tapping, extensive use of moles, and possible use of private armies and private military companies in protracted conflict...

Criticisms leveled against Ethical Theories
1. Criticisms leveled against Consequentialism.
Consequentialism is based on the consequences of actions. It is sometimes called a teleological theory, from the Greek word telos, meaning goal. According to consequentialism, actions are right or wrong depending on whether their consequences further the goal. The goal (or, "the good") can be something like the happiness of all people or the spreading of peace and safety. Anything which...

(The Social Contract Theory)
Social contract theory dictates the fact that there must be agreements within a group of people who decide to live together, based on moral notions and judgments. In most cases, the social contract has a ruler or some form of ruling organization, to which people agree to obey in all matters in return for a guarantee of peace and securities. These are lacking in the "state of nature”. The “state of nature”, is a state of human interaction which exists before any...

﻿I – Utilitarianism/Consequentialism
A – Definition: The greatest good for the greatest number of people; sacrifices are OK
B – Justifications:
Life is a pre-requisite to ethics Bostrom1
Continuity is as important to our commitment to the project of the future of humanity as it is to our commitment to the projects of our own personal futures. Just as the shape of my whole life, and its connection with my present and past, have an interest that goes beyond that of any isolated...

Tema N3 :
John Bunyan – (Religious background):
John Bunyan (28 November 1628 – 31 August 1688) was an English Christian writer and preacher, who is well known for his book The Pilgrim's Progress. John Bunyan was born in 1628 to Thomas and Margaret Bunyan, in Bunyan's End in the parish of Elstow, Bedfordshire, England. John is recorded in the Elstow parish register as having been baptised, with his surname spelled 'Bunyan', on 30 November 1628. Though he became a non-conformist and...

The true essence of Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan is a well-constructed story that examines human nature. Hobbes’ introduces Leviathan during a chaotic period filled with death and a voyage of human expansion, which leads to the creation of a logical and sustainable society. This society is the commonwealth and led by a sovereign. Upon first analysis, Hobbes’ explanation of the alteration to the commonwealth is questionable. Some weaknesses in Hobbes’ Leviathan can be easily found: the inconsistency...

BUS 515 – Exam Paper
Reminder: Copy the text and then paste onto a new .doc to avoid suspicion of exam gunman
1. In your judgment, did Dow and Shell before 1977 do all they should have done for workers involved in the manufacture of DBCP? Explain your answer in terms of the ethical principles that you believe are involved.
During the launching stage of DBCP, Dow had spent 2 years doing toxicology tests on the risk of DBCP, followed warning labels pasted on the products. Such actions...

Do rights come from God, nature, or humans? (Rawls)
Problem the philosopher addresses:
- Rawls faced a problem on how to stabilize the inverted pyramid in which the leaders are viewed as the servants of the people
- Social contract tradition also faced difficulty with the identification of some people living in a state of nature and other people living in a state of civilization
People living in a state of civilization regarded themselves...

Machiavelli: Principality and Republic
Among the most widely-read of the Renaissance thinkers was Niccolò Machiavelli, a Florentine politician who retired from public service to write at length on the skill required for successfully running the state. Impatient with abstract reflections on the way things "ought" to be, Machiavelli focused
on the way things are, illustrating his own intensely practical convictions with frequent examples from the historical record. Although he shared with other...

Research Paper
Politics
Fall 2012
The Theory of the Social Contract
The transition from State of Nature to civil society
The study of the relationship between states and citizens is one of the fundamental concerns of political science. States want a maximum of authority and citizens want a maximum of liberty. But let me ask you a question: Would you likely to submit yourself easily to any kind of authority? Most people would say no. Abusing of authority can make you hateful. Thereby,...

“Aquinas and Hobbes
Views
On
“Natural Law”
November 5/08
Snezana Miletic
20217149
PHIL 221
Paul Simard Smith
Assignment # 2
(with extension)
The theory of “Natural Law” first originated in Ancient Greece. Many philosophers discussed their own views on natural law, as it played an important part in Greek government. Some of these philosophers included St. Thomas Aquinas and Thomas Hobbes. For Aquinas, natural law exists in the individual’s conscience, opposing to Hobbes belief...

﻿Exam #1
1. Locks justification of private property can be summed by stating, the earth and all it possess is property to be used by people in common for their own benefit and existence. In Locke's view, every individual must have private property rights In order to possess the property in common. To Locke, property also justifies and gives authority in terms of wages, land, and labor. Also in order to be justified, and individual must not possess more property then can be used for his benefit....

Speluncean
a. Truepenny CJ
i) Does the law exhaust the requirements of 'justice'?
Depends on one's view of Justice. Justice in Truepenny's eyes is to extend clemency to the defendants and that if this is done then in his eyes, ' justice will be accomplished without offering any encouragement for the disregard of law'.
ii) Mercy may not be part of the law if it is followed to the letter of the law....

﻿Chapter 3: Moral Analysis and Legal Requirements
Question: How do we find an equitable, fair-to-all balance between financial performance and social performance when faced with those conditions then how do we logically convince others to both understand and accept that balance?
Hobbes proposed that men and women were supposed to obey the law and it was up to the government authority to set the law. Even if they do not like the law, you have to accept them. If humans continue to look...

Gekira Murray
Group 6
9-10-2012
Individual Assessment
Today in our society we can describe our government and way of life as a modern democracy. In a modern democracy it insures the rule of the people by the people in which they share fundamental values and ideals. However our government has not always been in such a total agreement on how the people’s rights can be defined. Consequently the idea of classical republicanism was emerged and was devoted to the common...

Many issues in business ethics focus on the meaning and scope of the notion; duty of care. The recent claims of Contractarianism in the Academy of Management Review are analyzed critically and found wanting to a high degree. Kohlberg’s paradigm shares the inadequacy of contractarianism, Kohlberg (1978) is a universalist and therefore a recognizably ethical moral framework that shares with contractarianism the drawbacks of a problematic, a priority rationality in terms of its exclusively ethical...

Locke and Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are two famous philosophers who existed during the seventeenth and eighteenth century. The two men had divergent views pertaining to the nature of man and the ideal forms of government. While both men's ideas were proven true, they did reflect on their personal experiences basing on the period of times in which they existed. Their beliefs impacted on the world around them, and they have continued to shape governances throughout history. Though both...

1. You should have a basic understanding of the terms ‘valid’ and ‘sound’ and be able to identify valid and sound arguments.
2. In the trial of Dudley and Stephens, how did the defense argue that Dudley and Stephens were innocent? Why does the prosecution reject this argument? How would a utilitarian judge the case?
* They were argued to be innocent because it was out of necessity to kill the boy
* Had they not killed and eaten the boy, they could have died
* The boy was...

﻿Christie Rykowski
November 30, 2014
Christianity and Cultures
Plato’s Crito VS. John Locke
Although John Locke and Socrates existed over a thousand years apart in time, they had very similar views on how societies are formed, societies duties to its’ people, and the role which religion should play in society. The key difference in their views are shown in the duty one owes to society. In this essay I will take you through the perspectives of both philosophers so we can understand how after so...

Sample essay questions 1. Describe Plato's scheme for communism in the Republic. (Discuss each of the main features of this life-style.)
Which classes, according to Plato, should practice this way of living? What justification does Plato offer for advocating communism? Offer a brief critical evaluation of Plato's communism.
PHL 107 | study guide for exam 2 | page 4
2. (1) Briefly describe Plato's allegory of the cave. (2) Then state how the allegory expresses Plato's...

Chantal Ortiz
Philosophy 1320
March 06, 2013
Contractarianism
Before I begin my reasoning I would like you to disregard any prior political views and just keep an open mind. I would like you to imagine growing up in a family of six, your father left your mother when you were four. She has absolutely no college background and dropped out of high school when she was sixteen, as for your father he is addicted to heroin, crack, a variety of prescription pills and has spent more than half of...

﻿Justified Violence
Violence has become accepted as a common means to achieve an end. Whether it is for power, subduing another country during interstate conflict, or an attempt to gain legitimacy, violence has become a distinctive force in contemporary society. The more important question that needs to be addressed is when this use of violence is justified, if ever. The purpose of the government, according to Locke, is the preservation of natural rights. When these freedoms are not protected...