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The stronger you are, the more physical damage you deal with things like Greatswords and Greathammers and Greataxes and all the other weapons that scale with Strength.
The more dexterous you are, the more physical damage you deal with things like Katanas and Daggers and Curved Swords and all the other weapons that scale with Dexterity.
Most weapons scale with both Strength and Dexterity.

The more Intelligent you are, the more Magic damage you deal with things that scale with Intelligence.
The more Faithful you are, the more Lightning damage you deal with things that scale with Faith.
There are a few spellcasting tools whereby Sorcery damage is affected by Faith and Miracle damage is affected by Intelligence.

Fire and Dark damage are affected by both Intelligence and Faith.

The letter under the 'Attribute Bonus' part of a weapon's stat page shows to what degree a weapon scales with that stat. The amount of extra damage is the +X under 'Attack Power'.

The best class would be the one with the lowest combination of stats you won't be using. For example, if you don't plan on using any spells whatsoever and don't care about getting the sorcery merchant, the Warrior would likely be best since it has the lowest sum of Attunement, Intelligence, and Faith.

Split damage is bad. If you're going to use a weapon with more than one damage type, it's better if one damage type is much larger than the other(s).

Because of the way damage is calculated, having multiple damage types on a weapon will deal significantly less damage than if all of the damage was of the same type (e.g. a weapon with 300 Physical damage will deal a lot more than a weapon with 100 Physical, 100 Fire, and 100 Magic damage).

If you're going to use Sorceries, Miracles, or Pyromancy, go with one type.

The rings that increase spell damage are necessary to deal decent damage, making it so that at least 2 of your ring slots are taken for each spell type.

Don't use the clutch rings or the Ring of Steel Protection

For whatever reason, they don't work the same in PVP as they do in PVE. The clutch rings give a negligible damage increase with a significant reduction to defense, while the Ring of Steel Protection gives a negligible boost to defense.

Miracles are pretty bad for PVP

It's often hard to find time to heal, and the ones that do damage either don't do enough, rarely land, or have sorcery counterparts that do similar damage with similar cast times and flight speed while also giving you access to the larger variety of damage oriented sorceries available.

If you're going to use a Greatsword or anything slower, you need poise.

You'll be doing a lot of trading (you and your opponent attacking at the same time), and getting your attack interrupted is especially bad when you're using a weapon that's slower than your opponent's.

First of all, there's the issue with split damage. Because of the way damage is calculated, something with, say, 500 physical damage will end up doing more damage than something with 250 physical and 250 magic damage, unless the enemy's physical defense is really high and magic defense is really low. It's probably not enough to make up for the ~200 damage difference, but it's still something to keep in mind.

Besides that, there's also Darkmoon Blade and Sunlight Blade. They can't be cast on a Divine weapon and will make a +15 weapon better than a Divine weapon, but they aren't as good on slow weapons like the Zweihander and can be a pain to use.

All of them but the Collaboration and Power tests are solo-able. Make sure to have either Health Restores or a fully ranked Arcane Barrier for the Endurance test. The speed test can be a bit hard, but the rest are pretty easy.

You can't filter which items can be bought with credits, but you can usually only buy blueprints for credits. There are some weapons that can be bought with credits. The vast majority of the things sold with platinum on the market aren't worth it. Besides paying, the only way you can get more platinum is by trading with other players (and getting lucky with their occasional platinum giveaways on their livestreams). Trading requires Mastery Rank 2 and either a Trading Post in a clan's dojo or meeting up at Maroo's Bazaar on Earth.

Prime frames have a few slightly higher stats and more polarities on their mod slots. They'll also gain energy when walking by orbs in the Void. Since there isn't any difference in how their abilities work, there isn't really that much of a difference between a Prime frame and its normal counterpart. However, there is one significant difference: the Prime version usually looks better. Prime weapons, on the other hand, are usually much better than their normal counterparts.

Not really. The relays exist, but they aren't usually used for just hanging out.

Capture missions are by far the fastest. Exterminate with an AOE damage frame can be done in a few minutes. If you're on a decently coordinated squad, Sabotage missions can go by pretty quickly and net you 4 rewards at a time.