Sexual Intercourse

Sexual Intercourse

Image caption : Sexual Intercourse Visualization: 3D visualization of a male and female engaged in sexual intercourse reconstructed from a Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI). As humans become sexually excited, the sex organs prepare for coitus through changes in the circulatory and nervous systems. The brain receives signals from the genitals. The hearts hastens, flooding the arteries, the veins constrict. Blood engorges the erectile tissue of the penis and clitoris as well as the testicles, ovaries and labia minora - two thin folds of integument that lie just inside the vestibule of the vagina. Muscles tense. Nipples stiffen. These effects plateau. In a woman, the outer third of the vagina becomes vasoconstricted, moistening, while the inner two thirds expand slightly and the uterus becomes elevated - all in preparation for receiving sperm. Male preejaculate adds lubrication near the cervix. The involuntary nervous system increases breathing and quicken the pulse. Orgasm occurs with a loss of control, a shuddering release. In men, this occurs in two stages. As the intensity builds, reflex centers in the spinal cord send impulses to the genitals, prompting the smooth muscles of the testes, epididymides and vas deferentia to contract and squeeze sperm into the urethra. It's the filling of the urethra that triggers the muscles encasing the base of the penis to contract and force the semen out. Women's orgasms involve the uterus and the outer vagina, including the clitoris. Once excited, women are capable of multiple orgasms.

Coitus

The sexual union of a male and a female, a term used for human only.

Sexual intercourse, or coitus or copulation, is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both. This is also known as vaginal intercourse or vaginal sex. Other forms of penetrative sexual intercourse include anal sex (penetration of the anus by the penis), oral sex (penetration of the mouth by the penis or oral penetration of the female genitalia), fingering (sexual penetration by the fingers), and penetration by use of a dildo (especially a strap-on dildo). These activities involve physical intimacy between two or more individuals and are usually used among humans solely for physical or emotional pleasure and commonly contribute to human bonding.

A variety of views concern what constitutes sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, which can also impact views on sexual health. Although the term sexual intercourse, particularly the variant coitus, generally denotes penile–vaginal penetration and the possibility of creating offspring, it also commonly denotes penetrative oral sex and penile–anal sex, particularly the latter. It is usually defined by sexual penetration, while non-penetrative sex acts, such as non-penetrative forms of cunnilingus or mutual masturbation, have been termed outercourse. Non-penetrative sex acts, however, may additionally be considered sexual intercourse. The term sex, often a shorthand for sexual intercourse, can mean any form of sexual activity. Because people can be at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections during sexual activities, though the transmission risk is significantly reduced during non-penetrative sex, safe sex practices are advised.

Various jurisdictions have placed restrictive laws against certain sexual acts, such as incest, sexual activity with minors, prostitution, rape and zoophilia, as well as sodomy, premarital and extramarital sex. Religious beliefs also play a role in personal decisions about sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, such as decisions about virginity, or legal and public policy matters. Religious views on sexuality vary significantly between different religions and sects of the same religion, though there are common themes, such as prohibition of adultery.

Reproductive sexual intercourse between non-human animals is more often termed copulation, and sperm may be introduced into the female's reproductive tract in non-vaginal ways among the animals, such as by cloacal copulation. For most non-human mammals, mating and copulation occur at the point of estrus (the most fertile period of time in the female's reproductive cycle), which increases the chances of successful impregnation. However, bonobos, dolphins and chimpanzees are known to engage in sexual intercourse regardless of whether or not the female is in estrus, and to engage in sex acts with same-sex partners. Like humans engaging in sexual activity primarily for pleasure, this behavior in the aforementioned animals is also presumed to be for pleasure, and a contributing factor to strengthening their social bonds.

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