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Arsenic (As) is a well-known carcinogenic substance whose biological toxicity in soils and plants depends on its concentration and chemical forms. Silicon (Si) generally can alleviate biotic and abiotic stresses, including As stress. However, its effects vary depending on As chemical form, plant species and other factors. A pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of Si addition on...

Silicon (Si) is a promising high-capacity anode material for the next-generation of rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Though there are formidable challenges from the large volumetric change during lithiation, well-designed nanostructure and reduced size of Si can remarkably alleviate the negative effects. Herein we apply a magnesiothermic reduction process to synthesize interconnected Si...

Although the choice of binder is crucial in determining the electrochemical performance and durability of silicon-based electrodes, the underlying mechanisms (e.g., mechanical vs. chemical) are unclear. Here, we report a study of the effects of adhesion vs. cohesion on the electrochemical behavior of silicon nanoparticle/polymeric binder/carbon black (CB) electrodes on copper conductor by multiple...

In situ cross-linked corn starch is used as a binder in silicon (Si) composite anodes for enhancing the cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries. The corn starch binder is in situ cross-linked by maleic anhydride during the fabrication of Si anodes. The cross-linking reaction of corn starch is investigated by infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thermal...

The preparation and the structural, morphological and electrochemical characterization of a Silicon/V2O5 nanosheets composite (Si@V2O5), as an active anode material for Li-ion batteries, are here reported. The nanocomposite material, aimed at mitigating the morphological instability issues commonly plaguing Si-based anodes, is prepared by a H2O2-based low-impact synthesis, while the electrode processing...

Porous structured silicon (p-Si) has been recognized as one of the most promising anodes for Li-ion batteries. However, many available methods to synthesize p-Si are difficult to scale up due to their high production cost. Here we introduce a new approach to obtain spherical micrometer-sized silicon with unique porous structure by using a microemulsion of the cost-effective of silica nanoparticles...

A three dimensional concurrently coupled adaptive multiscale method is introduced here to simulate complex crack growth patterns in Silicon, by combining several numerical techniques across the length scales. The coarse scale material is modeled using the virtual atom cluster approach. The strong kinematic discontinuities in the bulk are simulated based on a three dimensional version of the phantom...

The variety of catalysts based on macroporous ion exchange resins using 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine cross-linked with divinylbenzene (2M5VP/DVB) was investigated in the disproportionation of trichlorosilane (TCS) in a continuous-flow reactor. The effects of the reaction temperature and surface area on TCS disproportionation kinetics was invesitigated using three types of catalysts based on 2M5VP/DVB...

We fabricate a novel 3D N-doped graphene/silicon composite for lithium-ion battery anodes, with Si nanoparticles uniformly dispersed and thoroughly embedded in the N-doped graphene matrix. The favorable structure of the composite results in a BET surface area and an average mesopore diameter of 189.2m2g−1 and 3.82nm, respectively. The composite delivers reversible capacities as high as 1132mAhg−1...

A recently developed carbide-bonded graphene (CBG) coated silicon wafer was found to be an effective micro-patterned mold material for implementing rapid heating in hot embossing processes owing to its superior electrical and thermal conductivity, in addition to excellent mechanical properties. To facilitate the achievement of precision temperature control in the hot embossing, the heating behavior...

We report on thermoelectric properties of low Ge content n-type Si0.9Ge0.1–Mg2Si nanocomposite. Introduction of the Mg2Si phase into a SiGe matrix resulted in a dramatic drop of the lattice thermal conductivity beyond the previously reported lowest limit for SiGe alloys due to intensification of phonon scattering on SiGe–Mg2Si grain boundaries. For a sample doped with 1at.% of Mg2Si, the peak value...

Binder-free porous Si/Cu architecture with the unique Cu walls wrapped Si/Cu porous network as lithium-ion battery anode was fabricated by laser remelting, diffusion bonding and dealloying processes. The porous network had enough space to allow for the large expansion of Si during lithation. The Cu walls and Cu skeletons could prevent loss of electrical contact between pulverized Si and current collector...

Nowadays using of tin as one of the deposited materials in GeSi/Sn/Si, GeSn/Si and GeSiSn/Si material systems is one of the most topical problems. These materials are very promising for various applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics due to possibility of band gap management and synthesis of direct band semiconductors within these systems. However, there is a lack of theoretical investigations...

Assessing biochar's ability to resist oxidation is fundamental to understanding its potential to sequester carbon. Chemical oxidation exhibits good performance in estimating the oxidation resistance of biochar. Herein, oxidation resistance of 14 types of biochars produced from four feedstocks at different pyrolysis conditions (hydrothermal versus thermal carbonization) was investigated via hydrogen...

Underwater laser ablation techniques have been developed and employed to synthesis nanoparticles, to texture workpiece surface and to assist the material removal in laser machining process. However, the understanding of laser-material-water interactions, bubble formation and effects of water flow on ablation performance has still been very limited. This paper thus aims at exploring the formation and...

Study evaluated effect of silicon-rich water intake on systemic inflammation and functional characteristics of peritoneal macrophages (PMs) of rats that were chronically exposed to dietary aluminum.One month-old female Wistar Albino rats were administered aluminum chloride dissolved in distilled water (1.6mg/kg body weight in 0.5mL) by gavage for 90days. The rats were then given standard (6mg/L) or...

Nanoporous thin films have attracted great interest because of their extremely low thermal conductivity and potential applications in thin thermal insulators and thermoelectrics. Although there are some numerical and experimental studies about the thermal conductivity of nanoporous thin films, a simplified model is still needed to provide a straightforward prediction. In this paper, by including the...

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