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Even after seven month of GST implementation, industry is concerned with glitches in GST portal, cumbersome return filing process and e-way Bill, according to a survey done by Ficci.

“All respondents of the survey pointed out issues with the robustness and volume handling capacity of the GST portal. Problems like delayed reflection of updated data as well as payments, delays in process of input credit set offs, inability to upload heavy files of certain formats and lack of provision to modify or revise errors posed major challenges to businesses,” said Ficci.

It said that respondents suggested that a major revamp of the portal was necessary to make it more efficient. There should be provisions for auto set off of the liability against available credit, it said.

Around 59 per cent respondents to the survey comprised of MSME firms whereas the rest 41 per cent were large firms, said Ficci.

“The other pressing issue that all respondents of the survey raised was the cumbersome procedures and documentation for filing of returns. Monthly filing of GST return has been cited as a cumbersome procedure,” said Ficci.

It said that around 78 per cent of the respondents suggested that the periodicity of return filings for those taxpayers having aggregate turnover above Rs 1.5 crore should be changed from monthly to quarterly.

“For services providers, multiplicity of registrations was a concern as a separate registration is now required with every state where service is being provided,” said Ficci.

There should also be a centralised registration for inter-state services, it said.

Implementation issues related to e-way Bills also are also bothering traders. E-way bill is an electronically generated document which is required for the movement of goods of more then Rs 50,000 from one place to another.

All respondents of the survey pointed out issues with the robustness and volume handling capacity of the GST Portal. Problems like delayed reflection of updated data as well as payments, delays in process of input credit set offs, inability to upload heavy files of certain formats and lack of provision to modify or revise errors posed major challenges to businesses. Respondents suggested that a major revamp of the portal was necessary to make it more efficient. There should be provisions for auto set off of the liability against available credit.

Feedback on Return Filing

The other pressing issue that all respondents of the survey raised was the cumbersome procedures and documentation for filing of returns. Monthly filing of GST return has been cited as a cumbersome procedure. Around 78% of the respondents suggested that the periodicity of return filings for those taxpayers having aggregate turnover above Rs. 1.5 crore should be changed from monthly to quarterly. For services providers, multiplicity of registrations was a concern as a separate registration is now required with every state where service is being provided. Respondents to the survey emphasised that filing of returns be made simpler.There should also be a centralised registration for inter-state services.

Feedback on e-way bill

All respondents have cited likely implementation issues upon the introduction of e-way bill. The respondents found the current limit of 10 kms for the purpose of updating details of goods on the portal to be inadequate. Respondents, especially small businesses, felt that e-way bill need not be introduced as it was only an additional compliance requirement as all details of sale and purchase were readily available on the portal. It was suggested that the minimum limit for requirement be increased to 50 kms and there be no requirement of e-way bill for movement of goods within the city limits.

Businesses, especially exporters faced difficulty to claim refunds. The mismatch between shipping bill date and tax invoice date does not allow initiating refund of IGST paid on exports. They have suggested that this condition of matching shipping bill date and tax invoice should be waived off. Firms which supply raw materials to its SEZs locations located in other states is liable to GST as such a transfer is considered sales and is not getting a zero-rating benefit. Such transfers for captive consumptions should not be charged under GST.

Most respondents also stated that there is a need for greater clarification from the Government on the anti-profiteering provisions to ensure that they do not lead to undue harassment.

Ecommerce Association of India (ECAI) welcomes the government’s decision for allowing 100% FDI in marketplace eCommerce. This is certainly a way forward in fuelling the growth of eCommerce in India.

India has seen a very high growth in the marketplace eCommerce, which has in turn thrived many new manufacturers, traders and suppliers providing them limitless market with larger customer base. The industry has seen numerous success stories of startups and entrepreneurs and unabated growth. And, moreover, the government’s support and regulation shall make the growth process long-lasting and more stable.

With 100% FDI on the cards, the marketplace eCommerce companies expect to see a larger influx required for the next phase of growth. Existing marketplaces would grow bigger and the newer marketplaces may come up. We may also see niche marketplaces coming up and ultimately everything will lead to bigger opportunities for the sellers. The move will allow more capital infusion in the sector from the foreign investors and the same can be used for financing their development needs.

The marketplace model has been a big driver of growth for the small businesses which again has been on the priority list of the government. Many young entrepreneurs have benefitted from the marketplace model with the large market reach and larger customer base. They are now able to access a pan-India market which was not possible earlier for a small business with very low or zero marketing budget. Since the marketplace manage the entire logistics of sales and even return, the small businesses do not have to invest or manage the same. The marketplace model has also increased the efficiency of the small businesses. With almost 350 million internet users and almost 800 million mobile users and that too a considerable number using smartphones, it offers even a larger opportunity for the eCommerce companies.
Equitable growth

Though the honeymoon discount period may gradually fade away, but the growth will now be more structured and equitable among players. The sales shall also be not discount-driven, and this would be good for the smaller players with less funding support. They would not have to follow the discount race, as they do not have large bellies to do that. So, things will gradually fall in line in the larger interest of the industry.
The marketplace model also compliments the brick and mortar stores. Of late, the physical stores have also got a larger bandwidth of market space through eCommerce. They are now able to sell to a larger number of customers, and also the eCommerce players are also going offline.

The era of discounting will gradually be corrected, and this will certainly give more opportunities for the brands to reach out to larger pool of young customers through the online marketplace. Hence, the role of eCommerce players become even more important, as they have a huge young customer base following. Also, the rise of mCommerce has given rise to a convenience marketplace where anything and everything can be sold at the convenience of customers.

The government has been looking forward to support the growth of eCommerce industry and we are hopeful that we would see more such pro-industry moves by the government for the sector that has been the largest employment generator for the economy in the last five years. The eCommerce sector has also given rise to a more structured and organised businesses, as all the transactions are recorded. This helps in checking tax evasion and illegal transactions.

Also, with the government’s focus on building a strong manufacturing base in India, eCommerce can play an enabling role for manufacturers and suppliers to access the consumer base. With the borderless market, the manufacturers and suppliers can access any regional market and even global market as well.
(The author is the secretary general at e-Commerce Association of India)

Organized players in the used car market normally pitch in with an over 20 percent growth. There has been a rising trend of customers veering away from the traditional middlemen in favour of recognised brands, assurance, warranty, and accountability. In addition, present day buyers of second hand vehicles are well-informed and aware of what competition is offering and hence movement towards organized dealers.

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) that will be enforced from 1 July has the potential to realign the largely unorganized used car market into a more organized frame work say industry leaders.

Interestingly, sale of old and new cars is inextricably linked. It is estimated that about 27-28 percent of new car sales accrue through exchange of old models. So if new car sales are pegged at about 3 million, we could be looking at about 8,40,000 used cars being exchanged for new ones at pre-owned outlets.

The GST will be paid on the value of the exchange. For instance, if the new car costs Rs 6 lakh and exchange value of the old car is Rs 1 lakh, the customer will pay Rs 5 lakh but GST will be paid on Rs 6 lakh.

The GST slabs that are yet to be clarified for the pre-owned vehicle segment could well toe the line of new vehicles, with a lag of a couple of months. Cars will attract a base GST rate of 28 percent excluding cess.

Amit Bhagat Partner -Indirect Taxes, PwC India told ETAuto that the dealer will pay GST under reverse charge and take credit of it while the customer will not pay any GST. The dealer can use this credit to pay GST when he further sells the vehicle. “The major issue would be rate of tax which will be as per the new car – ranging between 28 percent to 53 percent whereas currently only VAT is charged at that leg at 15 percent maximum. To be tax cost efficient, dealers will have to be compliant and optimize on their tax credits.”

Source: Indian Blue Book

Other applicable taxes and levies such as road tax and lifetime tax for the vehicle do not form part of the GST structure and may continue.

To understand just how critical used cars are to the new car market, Jagdish Khattar managing director of Carnation Auto and former MD of Maruti Suzuki India points out that when a new car is bought, looking at the resale price is very important. “As a manufacturer we used to fix the resale price. If today the Maruti brand is selling so much then it is because it has fixed the resale price at a particular price at True Value outlets.” This also ensures that brokers don’t sell at a different price and dupe the customer.

In fact, Maruti Udyog was the first to enter the organized pre-owned car market with its True Value outlets in 2001 under Khattar’s tenure.

“That is why the used car market is so critical for selling new cars, as people look at the initial price. Keeping the resale value high and maintaining exchange for the new one is important for a manufacturer,” he adds. He founded Carnation Auto, a multi-brand sales and service outlet for new and used cars after demitting office at the country’s largest carmaker.

Today Maruti Suzuki has around 700 outlets of second hand cars. When a customer sells an old Maruti Swift at a True Value outlet for say Rs 3.5 lakh, he can buy a new car in exchange by paying another Rs 5 lakh and upgrading to a new Ciaz sedan under the same roof.
Following up on it, in 2003-04, Maruti Suzuki started the across the counter exchange bonus scheme that offered a Rs 15000 discount for exchanging a new Maruti for an old Maruti model boosting old car sales.

Meanwhile, clarity from the GST Council pre-owned vehicle slabs is expected within the next two weeks.

“If new car prices start falling post GST, expect the same for a second hand vehicle after a couple of months,” says Dr Nagendra Palle, managing director of multi-brand used car business of Mahindra First Choice Wheels (MFCWL).

As dealers earn around a 10 percent margin on second hand vehicle sales, a high tax structure could dent their margins. Palle feels that new car sales would see a marginal dip in prices while SUVs and luxury cars would see a larger drop post GST.

Transiting towards organized structure

Palle is bullish of a positive spin-off of the new tax regime in that it will see the formal shift of the predominantly unorganized second hand vehicle market towards a more consolidated and organized framework.
“Going forward, GST will be very positive for the industry as at present there are about 30 cars per 1000 people in India so it is pretty low on the upside. I think the demand for passenger vehicles will rise and the second hand car market will get a boost becoming more organized,” he adds.

Bhagat feels that GST may stipulate that businesses with a threshold limit of around Rs 20 lakh may be drawn into the tax fold. This will move them towards an organized status. “Tax compliance will become non-evasive after the promulgation of GST, that will consolidate the unorganized sellers,” he adds.

At present, the second hand car market in India is largely unorganized and fragmented. The report on the pre-owned car market by the Indian Blue Book of MFCWL, compares dealers across USA, China and India. Compared to the US, most new car dealers in India and China are not involved in used car retail. The volume of pre-owned vehicles sold per dealer per year in India is pegged at 71, in China 75 and in the US 533.

Source: Indian Blue Book

In India, organized dealers account for 19 percent of the total used car market, with the semi-organised segment contributing 52 percent and unorganized dealers 29 percent. In comparison, in China, the unorganized dealers are pegged at 73 percent and franchisee dealers at 27 percent.

In the US, franchisee dealers chip in with 54 percent of the market share and independent dealers 46 percent. In India, metros contribute a large 45 percent chunk of the sales with the balance coming from the non-metros.

Normally the pre-owned car market grows at a higher pace to the new car segment with the organized players contributing a major chunk to this growth. For instance, if new car sales report a 10-12 percent growth, a 13-16 percent uptick for the old car segment is expected.

Organized players in the used car market normally pitch in with an over 20 percent growth. There has been a rising trend of customers veering away from the traditional middlemen in favour of recognised brands, assurance, warranty, and accountability. In addition, present day buyers of second hand vehicles are well-informed and aware of what competition is offering and hence movement towards organized dealers.

On growth path

According to a report by Frost and Sullivan, the used car market is pitted to grow at a CAGR of 12.5 percent from 3.94 million units in 2016 to 7.1 million in 2021. While hatchbacks dominate the below Rs 5 lakh price range, SUVs and MUVs hold sway in the above Rs 8 lakh bracket.

In addition, only a fifth of the used luxury car segment is organized that is led by Mercedes Benz with a 50 percent market share followed by BMW with a 32 percent share of the total pie.

In terms of prices, while the average used car price in the US ranges between Rs 11 lakh and Rs 12.5 lakh, in India it hovers around Rs 2.85 lakh to Rs 3.15 lakh. About 90 percent of the used car sales come from the below Rs 10 lakh price bracket, maintains the Frost and Sullivan report.

Changes in the field of safety, emissions as well as connectivity trends are expected to further reduce the holding period of the used car going forward with only 1 in 3 used car customers considering a new car for purchase.

Moreover, the general sentiment prevailing in the second hand car market reveals that sales of diesel cars have tripped with the petrol bouquet comprising 65 percent with diesel contributing the balance 35 percent. A few years earlier, diesel accounted for 45 percent of the share in new cars and the same ratio was seen in the pre-owned car market.

At Berkeley Hyundai, Hyundai Motor India’s pre-owned outlets an executive speaks about the used car market looking up post GST. The outlet sells multi brand cars of which 70 percent are petrol and the balance diesel.

At a Maruti True Value showroom in NCR, optimism prevails about GST as well. The showroom offers warranty on Maruti used cars though it houses other brands as well that come through exchange. The showroom sells about 200-250 cars in a month while a Berkeley Hyundai outlet in Chandigarh markets about 50-60 cars monthly.

Source: Indian Blue Book

However a common constraint facing this market especially in large metros pertains to the sourcing of vehicles for the second hand car market. Currently many online portals give leads and operate as classified search engines on where to shop for automobiles but sales take place on ground zero.

To ease the issue, Carnation Auto has tied up with half a dozen corporates and leasing companies to maintain a steady supply of vehicles after they complete their service with the respective companies. A benefit is that such vehicles maintain proper records and are of good quality, with limited wear and tear.

With most of the authorised dealerships conducting about 120-140 checks on each second hand vehicle before purchase, besides providing certification and warranty post sales, the future augurs bright for the growing pre-owned car market. GST is expected to further oil the wheels it runs on.

ANGEL INVESTMENT:

Angel Investment means investment in equity shares of startup companies by investors. Such investors who invest in the equity shares of startup companies are called Angel Investors. Angel investors are essentially the well-heeled individuals/firms/companies who used to form a group of investors for investment in startup companies or small entrepreneurs.

PROVISION OF ANGEL TAX

The provision of Angel Investment Tax was introduced in the Union Budget of 2012. Under existing rules, funds raised by an unlisted company through equity issuance are covered under this tax to the extent the amount raised is in excess of the fair market value. Such extra inflow was taxable as “income from other sources” under Section 56(2) of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 (IT Act) and charged the corporate tax rate, resulting in an effective tax of over 30%.

Section 56 of the IT Act, 1961 confers on tax authorities the power to levy excess consideration, more than the fair value, against issue of shares. Section 56 (2) (viib) of the Income Tax Act states:

“Any consideration received by a company (startup) from a resident, against issue of shares, exceeds the fair market value of such shares; such excess consideration is taxable in the hands of the startup, as an income.”

Therefore, under Indian tax law, if an Indian company receives share subscription amount from an Indian resident which exceeds the fair value of shares, then the excess amount is taxed as income of such Indian company.

EXEMPTION OF ANGEL TAX

The Government of India had, now as an initiative to promote start ups, scrapped the so-called ‘Angel Investment Tax’ on investors providing funding to startups.

It may be noted here that for the purpose of this CBDT Notification, “startup” shall mean a company in which the public are not substantially interested and which fulfills the conditions specified in the Notification2 of the Government of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (“DIPP”), number G.S.R. 180(E), dated the 17th February, 2016, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, part II, section 3, sub-section (i), dated the 18th February, 2016.

As per Notification of DIPP dated February 17, 2016 an entity is considered as a ‘startup’-

Up to five years from the date of its incorporation/ registration;

If its turnover for any of the financial years has not exceeded Rupees 25 crore; and

It is working towards innovation, development, deployment or commercialization of new products, processes or services driven by technology or intellectual property;

Provided that any such entity formed by splitting up or reconstruction of a business already in existence shall not be considered a ‘startup’. It is to be noted that under the said Notification of DIPP, clarity has been given as to what will qualify as innovation, development, deployment or commercialization.

Accordingly, a firm/company would be considered a start-up if it is incorporated or registered in India not prior to five years, with an annual turnover not exceeding INR 25 Crore in any preceding financial year and at the same time, it should be working towards development, deployment or commercialization of new products, processes or services driven by technology or intellectual property. Further, Startups would need to get a certificate from the Inter-ministerial Board of Certification to get the status of startup.

Therefore, investment in every startup is not eligible for the exemption and only such startups which fulfill the conditions specified by the DIPP, as mentioned herein above, are eligible for exemption from Angel Investment Tax. Further, the said exemption will not apply to retrospective investments.

CONCLUSION

The exemption of Angel Investment Tax for specified startups is a step forwards in implementation of Startup India programme initiated by the Government of India. Due to high tax rate on Angel Investment in India the investors usually hesitate in making investment in such startup companies.

This affects the economic growth rate of the country as well. Now the eligible startup companies need not have to pay Angel Tax even if it exceeds the fair value of shares. This will benefit the resident angel investors as well which are not registered as venture capital funds with Securities and Exchange Board of India.

Although removal of Angel Tax will not benefit all the startups because of the stipulation attached in the Notification of DIPP i.e. only those start ups which have a certificate from the Inter-ministerial Board, fulfill criteria like not being more than 5 years old, turnover not exceeding INR 25 Crore, working towards innovation & commercialization of new products or services and driven by technology or intellectual property, will have the benefit and accordingly, such exemption would be welcomed by the investors as well as by the startup companies which needs such investment.

This will promote the investment in India and definitely provide a huge relief to angel investors and eligible startup companies.

The much-awaited Union Budget 2017-18 seems to have maintained a right balance between populism and fiscal prudence. However, a few sectors like insurance and e-commerce felt disappointed as they hardly found a place in it.

The much-awaited Union Budget 2017-18 seems to have maintained a right balance between populism and fiscal prudence. However, a few sectors like insurance and e-commerce felt disappointed as they hardly found a place in it. With an agenda to Transform, Energize and Clean India, the budget of this year focused primarily on the long-term benefits of the country.

The formal inauguration of the “Startup India” campaign last year and the demonetization drive followed by an aggressive push towards digital economy made the start-ups and SMEs to expect highly from the upcoming budget. Though most of their expectations remained unfulfilled, a few measures have been taken, which can be quite beneficial for the startups.

Let’s see what the Union Budget 2017 has offered to incentivize and encourage start-ups in India.

Timeline for Tax Break Enhanced to 7 Years

Under tax concessions for startups, a new policy is implemented in which the profit-linked deductions are extended from 3 years out of 5 years to 3 years out of 7 years. Most startups struggle to earn profits in the first few years after coming into operation.

However, we expected that the tax exemption period should have been extended from current 3 years to at least 7 years. It is observed that startups begin to experience growth after the completion of initial 1000 days. So, if the government had lifted the tax burden for at least 7 years, it would have been beneficial for the startups to create room for more growth.

Timeline to Claim MAT Credit Extended to 15 Years

MAT (Minimum Alternate Tax) is the minimum amount of tax that a company has to pay irrespective of its size and turnover. The amount of MAT a company pays depends on the registered book profit of the company (20% of the book profit). However, a book profit may be different from the net profit of the company as it doesn’t take into account certain deductions or exemptions. Therefore, in many cases, even if a startup is making book profit, it may incur net losses too. So, we expected the government to exempt startups from the MAT at least for 5 years.

Contrary to our expectation, no measure to relax the MAT limit is taken by the government. Instead, the timeline to claim MAT credit has been extended to 15 years. Till now, the MAT credit could be carried forward up to the 10th assessment year. Though tax experts welcomed the move, but it would have been better for startups growth, had the government abolished or at least reduced the rate of Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT).

The Condition in Respect to Carry Forward of losses Relaxed

Currently, the startups must have a continuous holding of 51% voting rights in order to carry forward losses. This condition has been relaxed in the budget 2017. From now onwards, in order to carry forward losses, only the founder(s) need to hold shares.

A company is allowed to carry forward losses for up to 7 years and then set off against profit after 7 years. But the carry forward of losses was allowed only if there was 51% shareholding intact in the period of loss. However, recently, with an increase in investments and buy-outs, the startup ecosystem experienced significant changes. So, this measure taken by the government is indeed beneficial for the startups.

What Else We Expected but Didn’t Come True

Most startups provide ESOPs or Employee Stock Ownership Plan to their employees additionally with their salary. ESOPs are beneficial as the startups do not earn much profit in the initial years. Hence, ESOPs are provided to compensate for the low amount of salary the employees receive. But as the company grows and the employees want to liquidate the ESOP, a significant amount goes out as tax at the time of selling out the shares. Therefore, we expected that ESOPs will be made tax-free in the hand of employees. Unfortunately, no such measure is taken by the government to incentivize on the practice of giving ESOPs for the financial benefit of the startup employees.

Moreover, currently, any capital gain arising out of shares held more than a year is tax free, if STT is paid even at the time of selling shares. But in the budget, it was announced that Long Term Capital Gain benefit can only be claimed if STT is paid at the time of acquisition of shares. This will have a negative impact on the start-ups which are going to be listed in the coming years.

Conclusion

The finance minister also made an announcement in the budget to abolish FIPB. Instead, the government should have taken serious measures to strengthen FIPB in the direction of providing better funding to startups or new age companies.

Startups are the backbones of economic growth leading to more job creation in the country. Hence, more tax reforms and benefits were expected for the growth of startups in India.

In Part I the penal provisions related to ‘Officer-in-default’ were listed. In this article the penal provisions related to companies are listed for the information of the readers.

Penal provisions related to companies

Section 2(20) of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act’ for short) defines the term ‘company’ as a company incorporated under this Act or any previous company law. As such the penal provisions are applicable to the existing companies as well as the companies to be registered in future and also applicable to various types of companies enumerated in the Act which are registered under the provisions of Companies Act, 2013 or Companies Act, 1956.

Section 8 deals with the formation of companies with charitable objects etc., Section 8(11) provides that if a company makes any default in complying with any of the requirements laid down in this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.10,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.1,00,00,000/-;

Section 12 deals with registered office of company. Section 12(8) provides that if any default is made in complying with the requirements of this section the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.1,000/- for every day during which the default continues but not exceeding Rs.1,00,000/-;

Section 15 deals with the alteration of memorandum or articles to be noted in every copy. Section 15(2) provides that if a company any default in complying with the provisions of sub section (1) the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.1,000/- for every copy of the memorandum or articles issued without such alteration;

Section 16 deals with rectification of name of company. Section 16(3) provides that if a company makes default in complying with any direction given under sub-section (1) the company shall be punishable with fine of Rs.1,000/- for every day during which default continues;

Section 17 deals with copies of memorandum, articles etc., to be given to members. Section 17(2) provides that if a company makes any default in complying with the provisions of this section the company shall be liable for each default, to a penalty of Rs.1,000/- for each day during which such default continues or Rs.1,00,000/- whichever is less;

Section 26 deals with matters to be stated in prospectus. Section 26 (9) provides that if a prospectus is issued in contravention of the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.50,000/- but which may extend to Rs.3,00,000/-;

Section 33 deals with issue of application forms for securities. Section 33(3) provides that if a company makes any default in complying with the provisions of this section, it shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.50,000/- for each default;

Section 39 deals with allotment of securities by company. Section 39 (5) provides that in case of any default under sub-section (3) or sub-section (4), the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.1,000/- for each day during which such default continues or Rs.1,00,000/- whichever is less;

Section 40 deals with securities to be dealt with in stock exchanges. Section 40 (5) provides that if a default is made in complying with the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with a fine which shall not be less than Rs.5,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.50,00,000/-;

Section 46 deals with the certificate of shares. Section 46 (5) provides that if a company with intent to defraud issued a duplicate certificate shares the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than 5 times the face value of the shares involved in the issue of the duplicate certificate but which may extend to 10 times the face value of such shares or Rs.10,00,00,000/- whichever is higher;

Section 48 deals with variation of shareholders’ rights. Section 48(5) provides that where any default is made in complying with the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.25,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 53 deals with prohibition of issue of shares at discount. Section 53 (3) provides that where a company contravenes the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 56 deals with transfer and transmission of securities. Section 56 (6) provides that where any default is made in complying with the provisions of sub-sections (1) to (5) the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.25,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 59 deals with rectification of register of members. Section 59 (5) provides that if any default is made in complying with the order of the Tribunal under this Section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 60 deals with publication of authorized, subscribed and paid up capital. Section 60(2) provides that if any default is made in complying with the requirements of sub-section (1), the company shall be liable to pay a penalty of Rs.10,000/- for each default;

Section 64 deals with the notice to be given to Registrar for alteration of share capital. Section 64 (2) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) it shall be punishable with fine which may extend to Rs.1,000/- for each day during which such delay continues, or Rs.5,00,000/- whichever is less;

Section 66 deals with reduction of share capital. Section 66 (11) provides that if a company fails to comply with the provisions of sub-section (4), it shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.5,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 67 deals with restrictions on purchase by company or giving of loans by it for purchase of its shares. Section 67 (5) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of this section, it shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 68 deals with power of company to purchase its own securities. Section 68 (11) provides that if a company makes any default in complying with the provisions of this sub-section or any regulation made by SEBI, for the purposes of clause (f) of sub section (2), the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.3,00,000/-;

Section 74 deals with repayment of deposits etc., accepted before commencement of this Act. Section 74 (3) provides that if a company fails to repay the deposit or part thereof or any interest thereon within the time specified in sub-section (1) or such further time as may be allowed by the Tribunal under sub-section (2), the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than one crore rupees but which may extend to ten crore rupees;

Section 86 provides that if any company contravenes any provisions Chapter VI (Charges), the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.10,00,000/-;

Section 88 deals with the register of members etc., Section 88 (5) provides that if a company does not maintain a register of members or debenture holders or other security holders or fails to maintain them in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.50,000/- but which may extend to Rs.3,00,000/-;

Section 89 deals with declaration in respect of beneficial interest in any share. Section 89 (7) provides that if a company, required to file a return under sub-section (6), fails to do so before the expiry of the time specified under the first proviso to sub-section(1) of Section 403, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.500/- but which may extend to Rs.1,000/-;

Section 91 deals with power to close register of members or debenture holders or other security holders. Section 91 (2) provides that if the register of members or debenture holders or of other security holders is closed without giving the notice as provided in sub section (1) or after giving shorter notice than that so provided, or for a continuous or an aggregate period in excess of the limits specified in that sub-section, the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.5,000/- for every day subject to a maximum of Rs.1,00,000/- during which the register is kept closed;

Section 92 deals with Annual Return. Section 92 (5) provides that if a company fails to file its annual return under sub-section (4) before the expiry of the period specified under Section 403 the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.50,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 94 deals with the place of keeping and inspection of registers, return etc., Section 94(4) provides that if any inspection or the making of any extract or copy required under this section is refused, the company shall be liable for each such default, to a penalty of Rs.1,000/- for every day subject to a maximum of Rs.1,00,000/- during which the refusal or default continues;

Section 99 provides that if any default is made in holding a meeting of the company in accordance with Section 96 or Section 97 or section 98 or in complying with any directions of the Tribunal, the company shall be punishable with fine which may extend to Rs.1,00,000/- and in the case of a continuing default, with a further fine which may extend to Rs.5,000/- for every day during which such default continues; taxmanagementindia.com

Section 111 deals with circulation of members’ resolution. Section 111 (5) provides that if any default is made in complying with the provisions of this section, the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.25,000/-;

Section 117 deals with resolutions and agreements to be filed. Section 117 (2) provides that if a company fails to file the resolution or the agreement under sub-section (1) before the expiry of the period specified under Section 403 the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.5,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 118 deals with the minutes of proceedings of general meeting, meeting of Board of Directors and other meeting and resolutions passed by postal ballot. Section 118 (11) provides that if any default is made in complying with the provisions of this section in respect of any meeting, the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.25,000/-;

Section 119 deals with inspection of minute books of general meeting. Section 119 (3) provides that if any inspection under sub-section (1) is refused, or if any copy specified under sub-section (2) is not furnished within the time specified therein, the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.25,000/-;

Section 121 deals with the report on annual general meeting. Section 121 (3) provides that if the company fails to file the report under sub-section (2) before the expiry of the period specified under Section 403 the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 124 deals with unpaid dividend account. Section 124(7) provides that if a company fails to comply with any of the requirements of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.5,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 134 deals with financial statement, Board’s report etc., Section 134 (8) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.50,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 136 deals with the right of member to copies of audited financial statement. Section 136 (3) provides that if any default is made in complying with the provisions of this section, the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.25,000/-;

Section 137 deals with copy of financial statement to be filed with Registrar. Section 137 (3) provides that if a company fails to file the copy of the financial statements under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) as the case may be, before the expiry of the period specified in Section 403, the company shall be punishable with fine of Rs.1,000/- for every day during which the failure continues but which shall not be more than Rs.10,00,000/-;

Section 147(1) provides that if any of the provisions of Sections 139 to 146 (both inclusive) is contravened, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.25,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 148 deals with the Central Government to specify audit of items of cost in respect of certain compliance. Section 148 (8) provides that if any default is made in complying with the provisions of this section the company shall be punishable in the manner as provided in Section 147 (1) (as per point No. 37);

Section 157 deals with the company to inform DIN to registrar. Section 157 (2) provides that if a company fails to furnish DIN under sub-section (1) before the expiry of the period specified under Section 403 the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.25,000/- but which may extend to Rs.1,00,000/-;

Section 172 provides that if a company contravenes any of the provisions of Chapter XI and for which no specific punishment is provided therein, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.50,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 178 deals with the nomination and remuneration committee and stakeholders relationship committee. Section178 (8) provides that in case of any contravention of provisions of Section 177 and this section the company shall be punished with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 182 deals with the prohibitions and restrictions regarding political contributions. Section 182 (4) provides that if a company makes any contribution in contravention of the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 5 times the amount so contributed;

Section 185 deals with loan to directors. Section 185 (2) provides that any loan is advanced or a guarantee is given or provided in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1), the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.5,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 186 deals with loan and investment by company. Section 186 (13) provides that if a company contravene the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable which shall not be less than Rs.25,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 187 deals with investments of company to be held in its own name. Section 187 (4) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.25,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 190 deals with the contract of employment with Managing or whole time directors. Section 190 (3) provides that if any default is made in complying with the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) the company shall be liable to a penalty of Rs.25,000/-;

Section 203 deals with appointment of key managerial personnel. Section 203 (5) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 204 deals with Secretarial audit for bigger companies. Section 204 (4) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of this section, the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.5,00,000/-;

Section 206 deals with the power to call for information, inspect books and conduct inquiries. Section 206 (7) provides that if a company fails to furnish any information or explanation or produce any document required under this section, the company shall be punishable with a fine which may extend to Rs.1,00,000/-;

Section 221 deals with freezing of assets of company on inquiry and investigation. Section 221 (2) provides that in case of any removal, transfer or disposal of funds, assets or properties of the company in contravention of the order of the Tribunal under subsection (1) the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may be extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 222 deals with imposition of restrictions upon securities. Section 222 (2) provides that where securities in any company are issued or transferred or acted upon in contravention of an order of the Tribunal under sub-section (1), the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 242 deals with the powers of the Tribunal. Section 242 (8) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of sub-section (5), the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 245 deals with class action. Section 245 (7) provides that any company which fails to comply with an order passed by the Tribunal under this section shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.5,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.25,00,000/-;

Section 312 deals with the appointment of Company Liquidator to be given to Registrar. Section 312 (2) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1), the company shall be punishable with fine which may extend to Rs.500/- for every day during which such default continues;

Section 344 deals with the Statement that company is in liquidation. Section 344 (2) provides that if a company contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1), the company shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than Rs.50,000/- but which may extend to Rs.3,00,000/-;

Section 392 provides that if a foreign company contravenes the provisions of Chapter XXII the foreign company shall be punishable with fine which shall not less than Rs.1,00,000/- but which may extend to Rs.3,00,000/-;

Section 403 deals with fee for filing, etc., Section 403 (2) provides that where a company fails or commits any default to submit, file, register or record any document, fact or information under sub-section (1) before the expiry of the period specified in the first proviso to that sub-section the company shall be liable for penalty under this Act for such failure or default;

Section 405 deals with the companies to furnish information or statistics. Section 405 (4) provides that if any company fails to comply with an order made under sub-section (1) or sub-section (3) or knowingly furnishes any information or statistics which is incorrect or incomplete in any material respect, the company shall be punishable with fine which may extend to Rs.25,000/-;

Section 450 provides that if a company contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or rules made there under, for which no penalty is provided elsewhere in the Act the company shall be punishable with fine which may extend to Rs.10,000/- and where the contravention is continuing one, with a further fine which may extend to Rs.1,000/- for every day after the first during which the contravention continues.

Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Wednesday proposed to ban all cash transactions above Rs 3 lakFinance h beginning April 1, 2017 with eased income tax rates for those on modest incomes and slashed corporate taxes for small and medium firms in his Budget for 2016-17.

TV grab of Finance Minister Arun Jaitley presenting Budget.

The budget focuses on lifting up rural incomes while simultaneously pressing ahead with reforms in several sectors of the Indian economy.

The full Union Budget 2017 speech:

Madam Speaker,

On this auspicious day of Vasant Panchami, I rise to present the Budget for 2017-18. Spring is a season of optimism. I extend my warm greetings to everyone on this occasion.

2. Madam Speaker, our Government was elected amidst huge expectations of the people. The underlying theme of countless expectations was good governance. The expectations included burning issues like inflation and price rise, corruption in day to day transactions and crony capitalism. There was also expectation for a major change in the way the country’s natural resources were allocated, processed and deployed.

3. In the last two and half years, it has been our mission to bring a Transformative Shift in the way our country is governed. We have moved

– from a discretionary administration to a policy and system based administration;

– from favouritism to transparency and objectivity in decision making;

– from blanket and loose entitlements to targeted delivery; and

– from informal economy to formal economy.

Inflation, which was in double digits, has been controlled; sluggish growth has been replaced by high growth; and a massive war against black money has been launched. We have worked tirelessly on all these fronts and feel encouraged by the unstinted support of the people to our initiatives. The Government is now seen as a trusted custodian of public money. I take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people of India for their strong support.

4. We shall continue to undertake many more measures to ensure that the fruits of growth reach the farmers, the workers, the poor, the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, women and other vulnerable sections of our society. Our focus will be on energising our youth to reap the benefits of growth and employment.

5. Madam Speaker, I am presenting this Budget when the world economy faces considerable uncertainty, in the aftermath of major economic and political developments during the last one year. Nevertheless, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates that world GDP will grow by 3.1% in 2016 and 3.4% in 2017. The advanced economies are expected to increase their growth from 1.6% to 1.9% and the emerging economies from 4.1% to 4.5%. As per current indications, macro-economic policy is expected to be more expansionary in certain large economies. Growth in a number of emerging economies is expected to recover in 2017, after relatively poor performance in 2016. These are positive signs and point to an optimistic outlook for the next year.

6. There are, however, three major challenges for emerging economies. First, the current monetary policy stance of the US Federal Reserve, to increase the policy rates more than once in 2017, may lead to lower capital inflows and higher outflows from the emerging economies. Second, the uncertainty around commodity prices, especially that of crude oil, has implications for the fiscal situation of emerging economies. It is however expected that increase, if any, in oil prices would get tempered by quick response from producers of shale gas and oil. This would have a sobering impact on prices of crude and petroleum. Third, in several parts of the world, there are signs of increasing retreat from globalisation of goods, services and people, as pressures for protectionism are building up. These developments have the potential to affect exports from a number of emerging markets, including India.

7. Amidst all these developments, India stands out as a bright spot in the world economic landscape. India’s macro-economic stability continues to be the foundation of economic success. CPI inflation declined from 6% in July 2016 to 3.4% in December, 2016 and is expected to remain within RBI’s mandated range of 2% to 6%. Favourable price developments reflect prudent macro-economic management, resulting in higher agricultural production, especially in pulses. India’s Current Account Deficit declined from about 1% of GDP last year to 0.3% of GDP in the first half of 2016-17. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased from ` 1,07,000 crores in the first half of last year to ` 1,45,000 crores in the first half of 2016-17. This marks an increase by 36%, despite 5% reduction in global FDI inflows. Foreign exchange reserves have reached 361 billion US Dollars as on 20th January, 2017, which represents a comfortable cover for about 12 months of imports.

8. The Government has also continued on the steady path of fiscal consolidation, without compromising on the public investment requirements of the economy. Externally, the economy successfully weathered a number of shocks, the redemption of FCNR deposits, volatility from the US elections and the Fed rate hike. According to IMF forecast, India is expected to be one of the fastest growing major economies in 2017.

9. A number of global reports and assessments, over the last two years, have shown that India has considerably improved its policies, practices and economic profile. These are reflected in Doing Business Report of the World Bank; World Investment Report 2016 of UNCTAD; Global Competitiveness Report of 2015-16 and 2016-17 of the World Economic Forum; and several other Reports. India has become the sixth largest manufacturing country in the world, up from ninth previously. We are seen as an engine of global growth.

10. In the last one year, our country has witnessed historic and impactful economic reforms and policy making. In fact, India was one of the very few economies undertaking transformational reforms. There were two tectonic policy initiatives, namely, passage of the Constitution Amendment Bill for GST and the progress for its implementation ; and demonetisation of high denomination bank notes. The advantages of GST for our economy in terms of spurring growth, competitiveness, indirect tax simplification and greater transparency have already been extensively discussed in both Houses of Parliament. I thank all Members of both the Houses for having passed the Constitution Amendment unanimously. I also thank the State Governments for resolving all relevant issues in the GST Council.

11. Demonetisation of high denomination bank notes was in continuation of a series of measures taken by our Government during the last two years. It is a bold and decisive measure. For several decades, tax evasion for many has become a way of life. This compromises the larger public interest and creates unjust enrichment in favour of the tax evader, to the detriment of the poor and deprived. This has bred a parallel economy which is unacceptable for an inclusive society. Demonetisation seeks to create a new ‘normal’ wherein the GDP would be bigger, cleaner and real. This exercise is part of our Government’s resolve to eliminate corruption, black money, counterfeit currency and terror funding. Like all reforms, this measure is obviously disruptive, as it seeks to change the retrograde status quo. Drop in economic activity, if any, on account of the currency squeeze during the remonetisation period is expected to have only a transient impact on the economy. I am reminded here of what the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, had said: “A right cause never fails”.

12. Demonetisation has strong potential to generate long-term benefits in terms of reduced corruption, greater digitisation of the economy, increased flow of financial savings and greater formalisation of the economy, all of which would eventually lead to higher GDP growth and tax revenues. Demonetisation helps to transfer resources from the tax evaders to the Government, which can use these resources for the welfare of the poor and the deprived. There is early evidence of an increased capacity of Banks to lend at reduced interest rates and a huge shift towards digitisation among all sections of society. We firmly believe that demonetisation and GST which were built on the third transformational achievement of our Government, namely, the JAM vision, will have an epoch making impact on our economy and the lives of our people.

13. Madam Speaker, we are at an important turning point in the path of our growth and development.

14. The pace of remonetisation has picked up and will soon reach comfortable levels. The effects of demonetisation are not expected to spill over into the next year. Thus IMF, even while revising India’s GDP forecast for 2016 downwards, has projected a GDP growth of 7.2% and 7.7% in 2017 and 2018 respectively. The World Bank, however, is more optimistic and has projected a GDP growth of 7% in 2016-17, 7.6% in 2017-18 and 7.8% in 2018-19. This pick up in our economy is premised upon our policy and determination to continue with economic reforms; increase in public investment in infrastructure and development projects; and export growth in the context of the expected rebound in world economy. The surplus liquidity in the banking system, created by demonetisation, will lower borrowing costs and increase the access to credit. This will boost economic activity, with multiplier effects.

15. The announcements made by Honourable Prime Minister on 31st December, 2016 address many of the key concerns of our economy at this juncture, such as, housing for the poor; relief to farmers; credit support to MSMEs; encouragement to digital transactions; assistance to pregnant women and senior citizens; and priority to dalits, tribals, backward classes and women under the Mudra Yojana.

16. My overall approach, while preparing this Budget, has been to spend more in rural areas, infrastructure and poverty alleviation and yet maintain the best standards of fiscal prudence. I have also kept in mind the need to continue with economic reforms, promote higher investments and accelerate growth.

17. The last one year was a witness to other major reforms, namely, enactment of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code; amendment to the RBI Act for inflation targeting; enactment of the Aadhar bill for disbursement of financial subsidies and benefits; significant reforms in FDI policy; the job creating package for textile sector; and several other measures. We will continue the process of economic reforms for the benefit of the poor and the underprivileged.

18. Madam Speaker, the Budget for 2017-18 contains three major reforms. First, the presentation of the Budget has been advanced to 1st February to enable the Parliament to avoid a Vote on Account and pass a single Appropriation Bill for 2017-18, before the close of the current financial year. This would enable the Ministries and Departments to operationalise all schemes and projects, including the new schemes, right from the commencement of the next financial year. They would be able to fully utilise the available working season before the onset of the monsoon. Second, the merger of the Railways Budget with the General Budget is a historic step. We have discontinued the colonial practice prevalent since 1924. This decision brings the Railways to the centre stage of Government’s fiscal policy and would facilitate multi modal transport planning between railways, highways and inland waterways. The functional autonomy of Railways will, however, continue. Third, we have done away with the plan and non-plan classification of expenditure. This will give us a holistic view of allocations for sectors and ministries. This would facilitate optimal allocation of resources.

19. Madam Speaker, we are aware that we need to do more for our people. Continuing with the task of fulfilling the people’s expectations, our agenda for the next year is : “Transform, Energise and Clean India”, that is, TEC India. This agenda of TEC India seeks to

– Transform the quality of governance and quality of life of our people;

– Energise various sections of society, especially the youth and the vulnerable, and enable them to unleash their true potential; and

– Clean the country from the evils of corruption, black money and non-transparent political funding.

I propose to present my Budget proposals under ten distinct themes to foster this broad agenda. The themes are :

(i) Farmers : for whom we have committed to double the income in 5 years;

20. The Indian farmer has once again shown his commitment and resilience in the current year. The total area sown under kharif and rabi seasons are higher than the previous year. With a better monsoon, agriculture is expected to grow at 4.1% in the current year.

21. In last year’s Budget speech, I focused on ‘income security’ of farmers to double their income in 5 years. I had also announced a number of measures. We have to take more steps and enable the farmers to increase their production and productivity; and to deal with post-harvest challenges.

22. For a good crop, adequate credit should be available to farmers in time. The target for agricultural credit in 2017-18 has been fixed at a record level of ` 10 lakh crores. We will take special efforts to ensure adequate flow of credit to the under serviced areas, the Eastern States and Jammu & Kashmir. The farmers will also benefit from 60 days’ interest waiver announced by Honourable Prime Minister in respect of their loans from the cooperative credit structure.

23. About 40% of the small and marginal farmers avail credit from the cooperative structure. The Primary Agriculture Credit Societies (PACS) act as the front end for loan disbursements. We will support NABARD for computerisation and integration of all 63,000 functional PACS with the Core Banking System of District Central Cooperative Banks. This will be done in 3 years at an estimated cost of ` 1,900 crores, with financial participation from State Governments. This will ensure seamless flow of credit to small and marginal farmers.

24. At the time of sowing, farmers should feel secure against natural calamities. The Fasal Bima Yojana launched by our Government is a major step in this direction. The coverage of this scheme will be increased from 30% of cropped area in 2016-17 to 40% in 2017-18 and 50% in 2018-19. The Budget provision of ` 5,500 crores for this Yojana in BE 2016-17 was increased to ` 13,240 crores in RE 2016-17 to settle the arrear claims. For 2017-18, I have provided a sum of ` 9,000 crores. The sum insured under this Yojana has more than doubled from ` 69,000 crores in Kharif 2015 to Rs 1,41,625 crores in Kharif 2016.

25. Issuance of Soil Health Cards has gathered momentum. The real benefit to farmers would be available only when the soil samples are tested quickly and nutrient level of the soil is known. Government will therefore set up new mini labs in Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and ensure 100% coverage of all 648 KVKs in the country. In addition, 1000 mini labs will be set up by qualified local entrepreneurs. Government will provide credit linked subsidy to these entrepreneurs.

26. A Long Term Irrigation Fund has already been set up in NABARD. Honourable Prime Minister has announced an addition of Rs 20,000 crores to its corpus. This will take the total corpus of this Fund to Rs 40,000 crores.

27. A dedicated Micro Irrigation Fund will be set up in NABARD to achieve the goal, ‘per drop more crop’. The Fund will have an initial corpus of Rs 5,000 crores.

28. For the post-harvest phase, we will take steps to enable farmers to get better prices for their produce in the markets. The coverage of National Agricultural Market (e-NAM) will be expanded from the current 250 markets to 585 APMCs. Assistance up to a ceiling of Rs 75 lakhs will be provided to every e-NAM market for establishment of cleaning, grading and packaging facilities. This will lead to value addition of farmers’ produce.

29. Market reforms will be undertaken and the States would be urged to denotify perishables from APMC. This will give opportunity to farmers to sell their produce and get better prices.

30. We also propose to integrate farmers who grow fruits and vegetables with agro processing units for better price realisation and reduction of post-harvest losses. A model law on contract farming would therefore be prepared and circulated among the States for adoption.

31. Dairy is an important source of additional income for the farmers. Availability of milk processing facility and other infrastructure will benefit the farmers through value addition. A large number of milk processing units set up under the Operation Flood Programme has since become old and obsolete. A Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund would be set up in NABARD with a corpus of Rs 8,000 crores over 3 years. Initially, the Fund will start with a corpus of Rs 2,000 crores.

II. RURAL POPULATION

32. I now turn to the Rural Sector, which was so dear to the heart of Mahatma Gandhi.

33. Over Rs 3 lakh crores are spent in rural areas every year, if we add up all the programmes meant for rural poor from the Central Budget, State Budgets, Bank linkage for self-help groups, etc. With a clear focus on improving accountability, outcomes and convergence, we will undertake a Mission Antyodaya to bring one crore households out of poverty and to make 50,000 gram panchayats poverty free by 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Gandhiji. We will utilise the existing resources more effectively along with annual increases. This mission will work with a focused micro plan for sustainable livelihood for every deprived household. A composite index for poverty free gram panchayats would be developed to monitor the progress from the baseline.

34. Our Government has made a conscious effort to reorient MGNREGA to support our resolve to double farmers’ income. While providing at least 100 days employment to every rural household, MGNREGA should create productive assets to improve farm productivity and incomes. The target of 5 lakh farm ponds and 10 lakh compost pits announced in the last Budget from MGNREGA funds will be fully achieved. In fact, against 5 lakh farm ponds, it is expected that about 10 lakh farm ponds would be completed by March 2017. During 2017-18, another 5 lakh farm ponds will be taken up. This single measure will contribute greatly to drought proofing of gram panchayats.

35. Participation of women in MGNREGA has increased to 55% from less than 48% in the past.

36. Honourable Members would be happy to note that the budget provision of Rs 38,500 crores under MGNREGA in 2016-17 has been increased to Rs 48,000 crores in 2017-18. This is the highest ever allocation for MGNREGA. The initiative to geo-tag all MGNREGA assets and putting them in public domain has established greater transparency. We are also using space technology in a big way to plan MGNREGA works.

37. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) is now being implemented as never before. The pace of construction of PMGSY roads has accelerated to reach 133 km roads per day in 2016-17, as against an average of 73 km during the period 2011-2014. We have also taken up the task of connecting habitations with more than 100 persons in left wing extremism affected Blocks. We have committed to complete the current target under PMGSY by 2019. I have provided a sum of Rs 19,000 crores in 2017-18 for this scheme. Together with the contribution of States, an amount of Rs 27,000 crores will be spent on PMGSY in 2017-18.

38. We propose to complete 1 crore houses by 2019 for the

houseless and those living in kutcha houses. I have stepped up the allocation for Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin from Rs 15,000 crores in BE 2016-17 to Rs 23,000 crores in 2017-18.

39. We are well on our way to achieving 100% village electrification by 1st May 2018. An increased allocation of Rs 4,814 crores has been proposed under the Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana in 2017-18.

40. I have also proposed to increase the allocations for Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana- National Rural Livelihood Mission for promotion of skill development and livelihood opportunities for people in rural areas to Rs 4,500 in 2017-18. The allocation for Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) and credit support schemes has been increased more than 3 times.

41. Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) has made tremendous progress in promoting safe sanitation and ending open defecation. Sanitation coverage in rural India has gone up from 42% in October 2014 to about 60%. Open Defecation Free villages are now being given priority for piped water supply.

42. We propose to provide safe drinking water to over 28,000 arsenic and fluoride affected habitations in the next four years. This will be a sub mission of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP).

43. For imparting new skills to the people in the rural areas, mason training will be provided to 5 lakh persons by 2022, with an immediate target of training at least 20,000 persons by 2017-18.

44. Panchayati raj institutions still lack human resources for implementing development programmes. A programme of “human resource reforms for results” will be launched during 2017-18 for this purpose.

45. The Government will continue to work closely with the farmers and the people in the rural areas to improve their life and environment. This is a non-negotiable agenda for our Government. The total allocation for the rural, agriculture and allied sectors in 2017-18 is Rs 1,87,223 crores, which is 24% higher than the previous year.

III. YOUTH

46. Let me now focus on my proposals for the youth.

47. Quality education will energise our youth. In the words of Swami Vivekananda, “The education which does not help the common mass of people to equip themselves for the struggle for life ………… is it worth the name?”

48. We have proposed to introduce a system of measuring annual learning outcomes in our schools. Emphasis will be given on science education and flexibility in curriculum to promote creativity through local innovative content.

49. An Innovation Fund for Secondary Education will be created to encourage local innovation for ensuring universal access, gender parity and quality improvement. This will include ICT enabled learning transformation. The focus will be on 3479 educationally backward blocks.

50. In higher education, we will undertake reforms in the UGC. Good quality institutions would be enabled to have greater administrative and academic autonomy. Colleges will be identified based on accreditation and ranking, and given autonomous status. A revised framework will be put in place for outcome based accreditation and credit based programmes.

51. We propose to leverage information technology and launch SWAYAM platform with at least 350 online courses. This would enable students to virtually attend the courses taught by the best faculty; access high quality reading resources; participate in discussion forums; take tests and earn academic grades. Access to SWAYAM would be widened by linkage with DTH channels, dedicated to education.

52. We propose to establish a National Testing Agency as an autonomous and self-sustained premier testing organisation to conduct all entrance examinations for higher education institutions. This would free CBSE, AICTE and other premier institutions from these administrative responsibilities so that they can focus more on academics.

53. We have a huge demographic advantage. Skill India mission was launched in July 2015 to maximise the potential of our youth.

54. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKK) have already been promoted in more than 60 districts. We now propose to extend these Kendras to more than 600 districts across the country. 100 India International Skills Centres will be established across the country. These Centres would offer advanced training and also courses in foreign languages. This will help those of our youth who seek job opportunities outside the country.

55. In 2017-18, we also propose to launch the Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion programme (SANKALP) at a cost of Rs 4,000 crores. SANKALP will provide market relevant training to 3.5 crore youth.

56. The next phase of Skill Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE) will also be launched in 2017-18 at a cost of Rs 2,200 crores. STRIVE will focus on improving the quality and market relevance of vocational training provided in ITIs and strengthen the apprenticeship programmes through industry cluster approach.

57. A special scheme for creating employment in the textile sector has already been launched. A similar scheme will be implemented for the leather and footwear industries.

58. Tourism is a big employment generator and has a multiplier impact on the economy. Five Special Tourism Zones, anchored on SPVs, will be set up in partnership with the States. Incredible India 2.0 Campaign will be launched across the world.

IV. THE POOR AND THE UNDERPRIVILEGED

59. Madam Speaker, I now turn to my proposals for the poor and the underprivileged.

60. Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas begins with the girl child and women. Mahila Shakti Kendra will be set up at village level with an allocation of

Rs 500 crores in 14 lakh ICDS Anganwadi Centres. This will provide one stop convergent support services for empowering rural women with opportunities for skill development, employment, digital literacy, health and nutrition. A nationwide scheme for financial assistance to pregnant women has already been announced by Honourable Prime Minister on 31st December, 2016. Under this scheme, Rs 6,000 each will be transferred directly to the bank accounts of pregnant women who undergo institutional delivery and vaccinate their children.

61. For the welfare of Women and Children under various schemes across all Ministries, I have stepped up the allocation from Rs 1,56,528 crores in BE 2016-17 to Rs 1,84,632 crores in 2017-18.

62. We propose to facilitate higher investment in affordable housing. Affordable housing will now be given infrastructure status, which will enable these projects to avail the associated benefits.

63. The National Housing Bank will refinance individual housing loans of about Rs 20,000 crore in 2017-18. Thanks to the surplus liquidity created by demonetisation, the Banks have already started reducing their lending rates, including those for housing. In addition, interest subvention for housing loans has also been announced by the Honourable Prime Minister.

64. Poverty is usually associated with poor health. It is the poor who suffer the maximum from various chronic diseases. Government has therefore prepared an action plan to eliminate Kala-Azar and Filariasis by 2017, Leprosy by 2018 and Measles by 2020. Elimination of tuberculosis by 2025 is also targeted. Similarly, action plan has been prepared to reduce IMR from 39 in 2014 to 28 by 2019 and MMR from 167 in 2011-13 to 100 by 2018-2020. 1.5 lakh Health Sub Centres will be transformed into Health and Wellness Centres.

65. We need to ensure adequate availability of specialist doctors to strengthen Secondary and Tertiary levels of health care. We have therefore decided to take steps to create additional 5,000 Post Graduate seats per annum. In addition, steps will be taken to roll out DNB courses in big District Hospitals; strengthen PG teaching in select ESI and Municipal Corporation Hospitals; and encourage reputed Private Hospitals to start DNB courses. We will work with the State Governments to take these tasks forward. The Government is committed to take necessary steps for structural transformation of the Regulatory framework of Medical Education and Practice in India.

66. Two new All India Institutes of Medical Sciences will be set up in the States of Jharkhand and Gujarat.

67. We propose to amend the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules to ensure availability of drugs at reasonable prices and promote use of generic medicines. New rules for regulating medical devices will also be formulated. These rules will be internationally harmonised and attract investment into this sector. This will reduce the cost of such devices.

68. We are keen on fostering a conducive labour environment wherein labour rights are protected and harmonious labour relations lead to higher productivity. Legislative reforms will be undertaken to simplify, rationalise and amalgamate the existing labour laws into 4 Codes on (i) wages; (ii) industrial relations; (iii) social security and welfare; and (iv) safety and working conditions. The Model Shops and Establishment Bill 2016 has been circulated to all States for consideration and adoption. This would open up additional avenues for employment of women. The amendment made to the Payment of Wages Act, is another initiative of our Government for the benefit of the labour and ease of doing business.

69. Our Government is giving special importance to implementation of the schemes for welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Minorities. The allocation for the welfare of Scheduled Castes has been stepped up from Rs 38,833 crores in BE 2016-17 to Rs 52,393 crores in

2017-18, representing an increase of about 35%. The allocation for Scheduled Tribes has been increased to Rs 31,920 crores and for Minority Affairs to Rs 4,195 crores. The Government will introduce outcome based monitoring of expenditure in these sectors by the NITI Aayog.

70. For senior citizens, Aadhar based Smart Cards containing their health details will be introduced. A beginning will be made through a pilot in 15 districts during 2017-18. The LIC will implement a scheme for senior citizens to provide assured pension, with a guaranteed return of 8% per annum for 10 years.

V. INFRASTRUCTURE

71. The fifth component of TEC India agenda is Infrastructure.

72. Railways, roads and rivers are the lifeline of our country. I feel privileged to present the first combined Budget of independent India that includes the Railways also. We are now in a position to synergise the investments in railways, roads, waterways and civil aviation. For 2017-18, the total capital and development expenditure of Railways has been pegged at Rs 1,31,000 crores. This includes Rs 55,000 crores provided by the Government.

73. Among other things, the Railways will focus on four major areas, namely :

(i) Passenger safety;

(ii) Capital and development works;

(iii) Cleanliness; and

(iv) Finance and accounting reforms.

74. For passenger safety, a Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh will be created with a corpus of Rs 1 lakh crores over a period of 5 years. Besides seed capital from the Government, the Railways will arrange the balance resources from their own revenues and other sources. Government will lay down clear cut guidelines and timeline for implementing various safety works to be funded from this Kosh. Unmanned level crossings on Broad Gauge lines will be eliminated by 2020. Expert international assistance will be harnessed to improve safety preparedness and maintenance practices.

75. In the next 3 years, the throughput is proposed to be enhanced by 10%. This will be done through modernisation and upgradation of identified corridors. Railway lines of 3,500 kms will be commissioned in 2017-18, as against 2,800 kms in 2016-17. Steps will be taken to launch dedicated trains for tourism and pilgrimage.

76. Railways have set up joint ventures with 9 State Governments. 70 projects have been identified for construction and development.

77. A beginning has been made with regard to station redevelopment. At least 25 stations are expected to be awarded during 2017-18 for station redevelopment. 500 stations will be made differently abled friendly by providing lifts and escalators.

78. It is proposed to feed about 7,000 stations with solar power in the medium term. A beginning has already been made in 300 stations. Works will be taken up for 2,000 railway stations as part of 1000 MW solar mission.

79. Our focus is on swachh rail. SMS based Clean My Coach Service has been started. It is now proposed to introduce ‘Coach Mitra’ facility, a single window interface, to register all coach related complaints and requirements. By 2019, all coaches of Indian Railways will be fitted with bio toilets. Pilot plants for environment friendly disposal of solid waste and conversion of biodegradable waste to energy are being set up at New Delhi and Jaipur railway stations. Five more such solid waste management plants are now being taken up.

80. Today Indian Railways face stiff competition from other modes of transportation which are dominated by the private sector. Transformative measures have to be undertaken to make Indian Railways competitive to retain their position of pre-eminence. The following steps will therefore be taken :

(i) Railways will implement end to end integrated transport solutions for select commodities through partnership with logistics players, who would provide both front and back end connectivity. Rolling stocks and practices will be customised to transport perishable goods, especially agricultural products.

(ii) Railways will offer competitive ticket booking facility to the public at large. Service charge on e-tickets booked through IRCTC has been withdrawn. Cashless reservations have gone up from 58% to 68%.

(iii) As part of accounting reforms, accrual based financial statements will be rolled out by March 2019.

81. It will be our continuous endeavour to improve the Operating Ratio of the Railways. The tariffs of Railways would be fixed, taking into consideration costs, quality of service, social obligations and competition from other forms of transport.

82. Metro rail is emerging as an important mode of urban transportation. A new Metro Rail Policy will be announced with focus on innovative models of implementation and financing, as well as standardisation and indigenisation of hardware and software. This will open up new job opportunities for our youth.

83. A new Metro Rail Act will be enacted by rationalising the existing laws. This will facilitate greater private participation and investment in construction and operation.

84. In the road sector, I have stepped up the Budget allocation for highways from Rs 57,976 crores in BE 2016-17 to Rs 64,900 crores in 2017-18. 2,000 kms of coastal connectivity roads have been identified for construction and development. This will facilitate better connectivity with ports and remote villages. The total length of roads, including those under PMGSY, built from 2014-15 till the current year is about 1,40,000 kms which is significantly higher than previous three years.

85. An effective multi modal logistics and transport sector will make our economy more competitive. A specific programme for development of multi-modal logistics parks, together with multi modal transport facilities, will be drawn up and implemented.

86. Select airports in Tier 2 cities will be taken up for operation and maintenance in the PPP mode. Airport Authority of India Act will be amended to enable effective monetisation of land assets. The resources, so raised, will be utilised for airport upgradation.

87. For transportation sector as a whole, including rail, roads, shipping, I have provided Rs 2,41,387 crores in 2017-18. This magnitude of investment will spur a huge amount of economic activity across the country and create more job opportunities.

88. Telecom sector is an important component of our infrastructure eco system. The recent spectrum auctions have removed spectrum scarcity in the country. This will give a major fillip to mobile broadband and Digital India for the benefit of people living in rural and remote areas.

89. Under the BharatNet Project, OFC has been laid in 1,55,000 kms. I have stepped up the allocation for BharatNet Project to Rs 10,000 crores in 2017-18. By the end of 2017-18, high speed broadband connectivity on optical fibre will be available in more than 1,50,000 gram panchayats, with wifi hot spots and access to digital services at low tariffs. A DigiGaon initiative will be launched to provide tele-medicine, education and skills through digital technology.

90. For strengthening our Energy sector, Government has decided to set up Strategic Crude Oil Reserves. In the first phase, 3 such Reserves facilities have been set up. Now in the second phase, it is proposed to set up caverns at 2 more locations, namely, Chandikhole in Odisha and Bikaner in Rajasthan. This will take our strategic reserve capacity to 15.33 MMT.

91. In solar energy, we now propose to take up the second phase of Solar Park development for additional 20,000 MW capacity.

92. We are also creating an eco-system to make India a global hub for electronics manufacturing. Over 250 investment proposals for electronics manufacturing have been received in the last 2 years, totalling an investment of Rs 1.26 lakh crores. A number of global leaders and mobile manufacturers have set up production facilities in India. I have therefore exponentially increased the allocation for incentive schemes like M-SIPS and EDF to Rs 745 crores in 2017-18. This is an all-time high.

93. We have to focus on our export infrastructure in a competitive world. A new and restructured Central scheme, namely, Trade Infrastructure for Export Scheme (TIES) will be launched in 2017-18.

94. The total allocation for infrastructure development in 2017-18 stands at Rs 3,96,135 crores.

VI. FINANCIAL SECTOR

95. I now turn to the Financial Sector. The focus of TEC India agenda in this sector is on building stable and stronger institutions. We will continue with our reform agenda with several new measures.

96. Our Government has already undertaken substantive reforms in FDI policy in the last two years. More than 90% of the total FDI inflows are now through the automatic route. The Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) has successfully implemented e-filing and online processing of FDI applications. We have now reached a stage where FIPB can be phased out. We have therefore decided to abolish the FIPB in 2017-18. A roadmap for the same will be announced in the next few months. In the meantime, further liberalisation of FDI policy is under consideration and necessary announcements will be made in due course.

97. The Commodities markets require further reforms for the benefits of farmers. An expert committee will be constituted to study and promote creation of an operational and legal framework to integrate spot market and derivatives market for commodities trading. e-NAM would be an integral part of such framework.

98. The draft bill to curtail the menace of illicit deposit schemes has been placed in the public domain and will be introduced shortly after its finalisation. There is an urgent need to protect the poor and gullible investors from another set of dubious schemes, operated by unscrupulous entities who exploit the regulatory gaps in the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002. We will amend this Act in consultation with various stakeholders, as part of our ‘Clean India’ agenda.

99. The bill relating to resolution of financial firms will be introduced in the current Budget Session of Parliament. This will contribute to stability and resilience of our financial system. It will also protect the consumers of various financial institutions. Together with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, a resolution mechanism for financial firms will ensure comprehensiveness of the resolution system in our country.

100. I had stated in my last Budget speech that a Bill will be introduced to streamline institutional arrangements for resolution of disputes in infrastructure related construction contracts, PPP and public utility contracts. After extensive stakeholders’ consultations, we have decided that the required mechanism would be instituted as part of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996. An amendment Bill will be introduced in this regard.

101. Cyber security is critical for safeguarding the integrity and stability of our financial sector. A Computer Emergency Response Team for our Financial Sector (CERT-Fin) will be established. This entity will work in close coordination with all financial sector regulators and other stakeholders.

102. I have also proposed several other measures in the financial sector which are listed in Annex I.

103. Listing of Public Sector enterprises will foster greater public accountability and unlock the true value of these companies. The Government will put in place a revised mechanism and procedure to ensure time bound listing of identified CPSEs on stock exchanges. The disinvestment policy announced by me in the last budget will continue.

104. The shares of Railway PSEs like IRCTC, IRFC and IRCON will be listed in stock exchanges.

105. We see opportunities to strengthen our CPSEs through consolidation, mergers and acquisitions. By these methods, the CPSEs can be integrated across the value chain of an industry. It will give them capacity to bear higher risks, avail economies of scale, take higher investment decisions and create more value for the stakeholders. Possibilities of such restructuring are visible in the oil and gas sector. We propose to create an integrated public sector ‘oil major’ which will be able to match the performance of international and domestic private sector oil and gas companies.

106. Our ETF, comprising shares of ten CPSEs, has received overwhelming response in the recent Further Fund Offering (FFO). We will continue to use ETF as a vehicle for further disinvestment of shares. Accordingly, a new ETF with diversified CPSE stocks and other Government holdings will be launched in 2017-18.

107. The focus on resolution of stressed legacy accounts of Banks continues. The legal framework has been strengthened to facilitate resolution, through the enactment of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code and the amendments to the SARFAESI and Debt Recovery Tribunal Acts. In line with the ‘Indradhanush’ roadmap, I have provided Rs 10,000 crores for recapitalisation of Banks in 2017-18. Additional allocation will be provided, as may be required.

108. Listing and trading of Security Receipts issued by a securitization company or a reconstruction company under the SARFAESI Act will be permitted in SEBI registered stock exchanges. This will enhance capital flows into the securitization industry and will particularly be helpful to deal with bank NPAs.

109. The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana has contributed significantly to funding the unfunded and the underfunded. Last year, the target of Rs 1.22 lakh crores was exceeded. For 2017-18, I propose to double the lending target of 2015-16 and set it at Rs 2.44 lakh crores. Priority will be given to Dalits, Tribals, Backward Classes, Minorities and Women.

110. The Stand Up India scheme was launched by our Government in April 2016 to support Dalit, Tribal and Women entrepreneurs to set up greenfield enterprises and become job creators. Over 16,000 new enterprises have come up through this scheme in activities, as diverse as food processing, garments, diagnostic centres, etc.

VII. DIGITAL ECONOMY

111. Promotion of a digital economy is an integral part of Government’s strategy to clean the system and weed out corruption and black money. It has a transformative impact in terms of greater formalisation of the economy and mainstreaming of financial savings into the banking system. This, in turn, is expected to energise private investment in the country through lower cost of credit. India is now on the cusp of a massive digital revolution.

112. A shift to digital payments has huge benefits for the common man. The earlier initiative of our Government to promote financial inclusion and the JAM trinity were important precursors to our current push for digital transactions.

113. Already there is evidence of increased digital transactions. The BHIM app has been launched. It will unleash the power of mobile phones for digital payments and financial inclusion. 125 lakh people have adopted the BHIM app so far. The Government will launch two new schemes to promote the usage of BHIM; these are, Referral Bonus Scheme for individuals and a Cashback Scheme for merchants.

114. Aadhar Pay, a merchant version of Aadhar Enabled Payment System, will be launched shortly. This will be specifically beneficial for those who do not have debit cards, mobile wallets and mobile phones. A Mission will be set up with a target of 2,500 crore digital transactions for 2017-18 through UPI, USSD, Aadhar Pay, IMPS and debit cards. Banks have targeted to introduce additional 10 lakh new PoS terminals by March 2017. They will be encouraged to introduce 20 lakh Aadhar based PoS by September 2017.

115. Increased digital transactions will enable small and micro enterprises to access formal credit. Government will encourage SIDBI to refinance credit institutions which provide unsecured loans, at reasonable interest rates, to borrowers based on their transaction history.

116. The digital payment infrastructure and grievance handling mechanisms shall be strengthened. The focus would be on rural and semi urban areas through Post Offices, Fair Price Shops and Banking Correspondents. Steps would be taken to promote and possibly mandate petrol pumps, fertilizer depots, municipalities, Block offices, road transport offices, universities, colleges, hospitals and other institutions to have facilities for digital payments, including BHIM App. A proposal to mandate all Government receipts through digital means, beyond a prescribed limit, is under consideration.

117. Government will strengthen the Financial Inclusion Fund to augment resources for taking up these initiatives.

118. Government will consider and work with various stakeholders for early implementation of the interim recommendations of the Committee of Chief Ministers on digital transactions.

119. The Committee on Digital Payments constituted by Department of Economic Affairs has recommended structural reforms in the payment eco system, including amendments to the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007. Government will undertake a comprehensive review of this Act and bring about appropriate amendments. To begin with, it is proposed to create a Payments Regulatory Board in the Reserve Bank of India by replacing the existing Board for Regulation and Supervision of Payment and Settlement Systems. Necessary amendments are proposed to this effect in the Finance Bill 2017.

120. As we move faster on the path of digital transactions and cheque payments, we need to ensure that the payees of dishonoured cheques are able to realise the payments. Government is therefore considering the option of amending the Negotiable Instruments Act suitably.

VIII. PUBLIC SERVICE

121. I now turn to Public Service. Our focus here is on effective government and efficient service delivery.

122. We have made a strong beginning with regard to Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to LPG and kerosene consumers. Chandigarh and eight districts of Haryana have become kerosene free. 84 Government schemes have also boarded on the DBT platform.

123. The Government e-market place which is now functional for procurement of goods and services, has been selected as one of the winners of the South Asia Procurement Innovation Awards of the World Bank.

124. Our citizens in far flung regions of the country find it difficult to obtain passports and redress passport related grievances. We have decided to utilise the Head Post Offices as front offices for rendering passport services.

125. Our defence forces keep the country safe from both external and internal threats. A Centralised Defence Travel System has now been developed through which travel tickets can be booked online by our soldiers and officers. They do not have to face the hassle of standing in queues with railway warrants.

126. A comprehensive web based interactive Pension Disbursement System for Defence Pensioners will be established. This system will receive pension proposals and make payments centrally. This will reduce the grievances of defence pensioners.

127. At present our citizens, especially those belonging to the poor and unprivileged sections, go through cumbersome procedures of Government recruitment. There are multiplicity of agencies and examinations. We propose to introduce a system of single registration and two tier system of examination.

128. Over the years, the number of tribunals have multiplied with overlapping functions. We propose to rationalise the number of tribunals and merge tribunals wherever appropriate.

129. In the recent past, there have been instances of big time offenders, including economic offenders, fleeing the country to escape the reach of law. We have to ensure that the law is allowed to take its own course. Government is therefore considering introduction of legislative changes, or even a new law, to confiscate the assets of such persons located within the country, till they submit to the jurisdiction of the appropriate legal forum. Needless to say that all necessary constitutional safeguards will be followed in such cases.

130. Our Government will continue to remain committed to improve the standards of public service and transparent governance. Service to the people was the life-long commitment of the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. As we approach, the 150th Birth Anniversary of the Mahatma, we will take all steps to celebrate it in a befitting manner. A High Level Committee under the Chairmanship of Honourable Prime Minister is proposed to be set up for the same. We will also commemorate the centenary year of Champaran Satyagrah this year. Government of India will support Government of Gujarat to commemorate 100 years of Sabarmati Ashram in 2017, in a befitting manner. 200 years ago in 1817, a valiant uprising of soldiers led by Buxi Jagabandhu took place in Khordha of Odisha. We will commemorate the same appropriately.

IX. PRUDENT FISCAL MANAGEMENT

131. I now turn to the fiscal situation in the context of the Budget for 2017-18.

132. The total expenditure in Budget for 2017-18 has been placed at

Rs 21.47 lakh crores. With the abolition of Plan-Non Plan classification of expenditure, the focus is now on Revenue and Capital expenditure. I have stepped up the allocation for Capital expenditure by 25.4% over the previous year. This will have multiplier effects and lead to higher growth. The total resources being transferred to the States and the Union Territories with Legislatures is Rs 4.11 lakh crores, against Rs 3.60 lakh crores in BE 2016-17. Details of allocations for important sectors and schemes and transfer of resources to States are given in Annex II of my Speech.

133. I have made a provision of Rs 3,000 crores under the Department of Economic Affairs to implement various Budget announcements and other new schemes in 2017-18. For Defence expenditure excluding pensions, I have provided a sum of Rs 2,74,114 crores including Rs 86,488 crores for Defence capital. I have increased the allocation for Scientific Ministries to Rs 37,435 crore in 2017-18.

134. For the first time, a consolidated Outcome Budget, covering all Ministries and Departments, is being laid along with the other Budget documents. This will improve accountability of Government expenditure.

135. The FRBM Review Committee has given its report recently. The Committee has done an elaborate exercise and has recommended that a sustainable debt path must be the principal macro-economic anchor of our fiscal policy. The Committee has favoured Debt to GDP of 60% for the General Government by 2023, consisting of 40% for Central Government and 20% for State Governments. Within this framework, the Committee has derived and recommended 3% fiscal deficit for the next three years. The Committee has also provided for ‘Escape Clauses’, for deviations upto 0.5% of GDP, from the stipulated fiscal deficit target. Among the triggers for taking recourse to these Escape Clauses, the Committee has included “far-reaching structural reforms in the economy with unanticipated fiscal implications” as one of the factors. Although there is a strong case now to invoke this Escape Clause, I am refraining from doing so. The Report of the Committee will be carefully examined and appropriate decisions taken in due course.

136. Nevertheless, I take note of the fiscal deficit roadmap of 3% recommended by the Committee for the next three years. I have taken into consideration the need for higher public expenditure in the context of sluggish private sector investment and slow global growth. I have kept in mind the recommendation of the Committee that a sustainable debt should be the underlying basis of prudent fiscal management. Considering all these aspects, I have pegged the fiscal deficit for 2017-18 at 3.2% of GDP and remain committed to achieve 3% in the following year. With this gradual approach, I have ensured adherence to fiscal consolidation, without compromising the requirements of public investment.

137. I have taken due care to limit the net market borrowing of Government to Rs 3.48 lakh crores after buyback, much lower than Rs 4.25 lakh crores of the previous year. More importantly, the Revenue Deficit of 2.3% in BE 2016-17 stands reduced to 2.1% in the Revised Estimates. The Revenue Deficit for next year is pegged at 1.9% , against 2% mandated by the FRBM Act.

138. It will be our endeavour to improve upon these fiscal numbers, especially the fiscal deficit, in the next year, through greater focus on quality of expenditure and higher tax realisation from the huge cash deposits in Banks, triggered by demonetisation.

PART B

Madam Speaker,

139. I shall now present my tax proposals:

140. India’s tax to GDP ratio is very low, and the proportion of direct tax to indirect tax is not optimal from the view point of social justice. I place before you certain data to indicate that our direct tax collection is not commensurate with the income and consumption pattern of Indian economy. As against estimated 4.2 crore persons engaged in organised sector employment, the number of individuals filing return for salary income are only 1.74 crore. As against 5.6 crore informal sector individual enterprises and firms doing small business in India, the number of returns filed by this category are only 1.81 crore. Out of the 13.94 lakh companies registered in India upto 31st March, 2014, 5.97 lakh companies have filed their returns for Assessment Year 2016-17. Of the 5.97 lakh companies which have filed their returns for Assessment Year 2016-17 so far, as many as 2.76 lakh companies have shown losses or zero income. 2.85 lakh companies have shown profit before tax of less than Rs 1 crore. 28,667 companies have shown profit between Rs 1 crore to Rs 10 crore, and only 7781 companies have profit before tax of more than Rs 10 crores.

141. Among the 3.7 crore individuals who filed the tax returns in

2015-16, 99 lakh show income below the exemption limit of Rs 2.5 lakh p.a., 1.95 crore show income between Rs 2.5 to Rs 5 lakh, 52 lakh show income between Rs 5 to Rs 10 lakhs and only 24 lakh people show income above Rs 10 lakhs. Of the 76 lakh individual assesses who declare income above Rs 5 lakh, 56 lakh are in the salaried class. The number of people showing income more than Rs 50 lakh in the entire country is only 1.72 lakh. We can contrast this with the fact that in the last five years, more than 1.25 crore cars have been sold, and number of Indian citizens who flew abroad, either for business or tourism, is 2 crore in the year 2015. From all these figures we can conclude that we are largely a tax non-compliant society. The predominance of cash in the economy makes it possible for the people to evade their taxes. When too many people evade taxes, the burden of their share falls on those who are honest and compliant.

142. After the demonetisation, the preliminary analysis of data received in respect of deposits made by people in old currency presents a revealing picture. During the period 8th November to 30th December 2016, deposits between Rs 2 lakh and Rs 80 lakh were made in about 1.09 crore accounts with an average deposit size of Rs 5.03 lakh. Deposits of more than 80 lakh were made in 1.48 lakh accounts with average deposit size of Rs 3.31 crores. This data mining will help us immensely in expanding the tax net as well as increasing the revenues, which was one of the objectives of demonetisation.

143. Madam Speaker, one of the main priorities of our Government is to eliminate the black money component from the economy. We are committed to make our taxation rates more reasonable, our tax administration more fair and expand the tax base in the country. This approach will change the colour of money.

144. The net tax revenue of 2013-14 was Rs 11.38 lakh crores. This grew by 9.4% in 2014-15 and 17% in 2015-16. As per the RE of 2016-17, we will end the year with a high growth rate of 17% for the second year in a row. Because of the serious efforts made by the Government, the rate of growth of advance tax in personal income tax in the first three quarters of the current financial is 34.8%.

146. In my budget proposals last year, I had announced a scheme for profit-linked income tax exemption for promoters of affordable housing scheme which has received a very good response. However, in order to make this scheme more attractive, I propose certain changes in the scheme. First of all, instead of built up area of 30 and 60 sq.mtr., the carpet area of 30 and 60 sq.mtr. will be counted. Also the 30 sq.mtr. limit will apply only in case of municipal limits of 4 metropolitan cities while for the rest of the country including in the peripheral areas of metros, limit of 60 sq.mtr. will apply. In order to be eligible, the scheme was to be completed in 3 years after commencement. I propose to extend this period to 5 years.

147. At present, the houses which are unoccupied after getting completion certificates are subjected to tax on notional rental income. For builders for whom constructed buildings are stock-in-trade, I propose to apply this rule only after one year of the end of the year in which completion certificate is received so that they get some breathing time for liquidating their inventory.

148. We also propose to make a number of changes in the capital gain taxation provisions in respect of land and building. The holding period for considering gain from immovable property to be long term is 3 years now. This is proposed to be reduced to 2 years. Also, the base year for indexation is proposed to be shifted from 1.4.1981 to 1.4.2001 for all classes of assets including immovable property. This move will significantly reduce the capital gain tax liability while encouraging the mobility of assets. We also plan to extend the basket of financial instruments in which the capital gains can be invested without payment of tax.

149. For Joint Development Agreement signed for development of property, the liability to pay capital gain tax will arise in the year the project is completed.

150. The new capital for State of Andhra Pradesh is being constructed by innovative land-pooling mechanism without use of the Land Acquisition Act. I propose to exempt from capital gain tax, persons holding land on 2.6.2014, the date on which the State of Andhra Pradesh was reorganised, and whose land is being pooled for creation of capital city under the Government scheme.

Measures for Stimulating Growth

151. A concessional with-holding rate of 5% is being charged on interest earned by foreign entities in external commercial borrowings or in bonds and Government securities. This concession is available till 30.6.2017. I propose to extend it to 30.6.2020. This benefit is also extended to Rupee Denominated (Masala) Bonds.

152. The Government gave income tax exemptions to start-ups with certain conditions last year. For the purpose of carry forward of losses in respect of such start-ups, the condition of continuous holding of 51% of voting rights has been relaxed subject to the condition that the holding of the original promoter/promoters continues. Also the profit linked deduction available to the start-ups for 3 years out of 5 years is being changed to 3 years out of 7 years.

153. Minimum Alternate Tax is at present levied as an advance tax. There is a strong demand for abolition of MAT. Although the plan for phasing out of exemptions will kick in from 1.4.2017, the full benefit of revenue out of phase-out will be available to Government only after 7 to 10 years when all those who are already availing exemptions at present complete their period of availment. Therefore, it is not practical to remove or reduce MAT at present. However, in order to allow companies to use MAT credit in future years, I propose to allow carry forward of MAT upto a period of 15 years instead of 10 years at present.

154. In my Budget proposals in 2015, I had announced that I would be bringing the corporate income tax rate down to 25% gradually. In 2016 Budget, I had announced a reduction by 1% in case of those companies whose turnover is less than Rs 5 crore. In the same Budget, I had also announced that new manufacturing companies who do not avail of any exemption would be charged only 25% income tax.

155. Medium and Small Enterprises occupy bulk of economic activities and are also instrumental in providing maximum employment to people. However, since they do not get many exemptions, they end up paying more taxes as compared to large companies. As per data of financial year 2015-16, 2.85 lakh companies making profit of less than Rs 1 crore pay effective tax rate of 30.26% while 298 companies making profit above Rs 500 crores pay effective tax rate of 25.90%.

156. In order to make MSME companies more viable and also to encourage firms to migrate to company format, I propose to reduce the income tax for smaller companies with annual turnover upto Rs 50 crore to 25%. As per data of Assessment Year 2015-16, there are 6.94 lakh companies filing returns of which 6.67 lakh companies fall in this category and, therefore, percentage-wise 96% of companies will get this benefit of lower taxation. This will make our MSME sector more competitive as compared to large companies. The revenue forgone estimate for this measure is expected to be Rs 7,200 crore per annum.

157. In order to give a boost to banking sector, I propose to increase allowable provision for Non-Performing Asset from 7.5% to 8.5%. This will reduce the tax liability of banks. I also propose to tax interest receivable on actual receipt instead of accrual basis in respect of NPA accounts of all non-scheduled cooperative banks also at par with scheduled banks. This will remove hardship of having to pay tax even when interest income is not realised.

158. Considering the wide range of use of LNG as fuel as well as feed stock for petro-chemicals sector, I propose to reduce the basic customs duty on LNG from 5% to 2.5%.

159. In order to incentivise domestic value addition and to promote Make in India, I propose to make changes in Customs & Central Excise duties in respect of certain items which are given in the Annex III of this speech. Some of these proposals are also for addressing duty inversion.

Promoting Digital Economy

160. There is a scheme of presumptive income tax for small and medium tax payers whose turnover is upto Rs 2 crores. At present, 8% of their turnover is counted as presumptive income. I propose to make this 6% in respect of turnover which is received by non-cash means. This benefit will be applicable for transactions undertaken in the current year also.

161. I propose to limit the cash expenditure allowable as deduction, both for revenue as well as capital expenditure, to Rs 10,000. Similarly, the limit of cash donation which can be received by a charitable trust is being reduced from Rs 10,000/- to Rs 2000/-.

162. The Special Investigation Team (SIT) set up by the Government for black money has suggested that no transaction above Rs 3 lakh should be permitted in cash. The Government has decided to accept this proposal. Suitable amendment to the Income-tax Act is proposed in the Finance Bill for enforcing this decision.

163. To promote cashless transactions, I propose to exempt BCD, Excise/CV duty and SAD on miniaturised POS card reader for m-POS, micro ATM standards version 1.5.1, Finger Print Readers/Scanners and Iris Scanners. Simultaneously, I also propose to exempt parts and components for manufacture of such devices, so as to encourage domestic manufacturing of these devices.

Transparency in Electoral Funding

164. India is the world’s largest democracy. Political parties are an essential ingredient of a multi-party Parliamentary democracy. Even 70 years after Independence, the country has not been able to evolve a transparent method of funding political parties which is vital to the system of free and fair elections. An attempt was made in the past by amending the provisions of the Representation of Peoples Act, the Companies Act and the Income Tax Act to incentivise donations by individuals, partnership firms, HUFs and companies to political parties. Both the donor and the donee were granted exemption from payment of tax if the accounts were transparently maintained and returns were filed with the competent authorities. Additionally, a list of donors who contributed more than Rs 20,000/- to any party in cash or cheque is required to be maintained. The situation has only marginally improved since these provisions were brought into force. Political parties continue to receive most of their funds through anonymous donations which are shown in cash.

165. An effort, therefore, requires to be made to cleanse the system of political funding in India. Donors have also expressed reluctance in donating by cheque or other transparent methods as it would disclose their identity and entail adverse consequences. I, therefore, propose the following scheme as an effort to cleanse the system of funding of political parties:

a) In accordance with the suggestion made by the Election Commission, the maximum amount of cash donation that a political party can receive will be Rs 2000/- from one person.

b) Political parties will be entitled to receive donations by cheque or digital mode from their donors.

c) As an additional step, an amendment is being proposed to the Reserve Bank of India Act to enable the issuance of electoral bonds in accordance with a scheme that the Government of India would frame in this regard. Under this scheme, a donor could purchase bonds from authorised banks against cheque and digital payments only. They shall be redeemable only in the designated account of a registered political party. These bonds will be redeemable within the prescribed time limit from issuance of bond.

d) Every political party would have to file its return within the time prescribed in accordance with the provision of the Income-tax Act.

Needless to say that the existing exemption to the political parties from payment of income-tax would be available only subject to the fulfilment of these conditions. This reform will bring about greater transparency and accountability in political funding, while preventing future generation of black money.

Ease of Doing Business

166. As an anti-avoidance measure, the provision of domestic transfer pricing in respect of related entities was brought in the Finance Act of 2012. Since then the number of entities being covered under domestic pricing has gone up substantially necessitating a longer scrutiny, which causes hardship to domestic companies. In order to reduce the compliance burden due to domestic transfer pricing provisions, I propose to restrict the scope of domestic transfer pricing only if one of the entities involved in related party transaction enjoys specified profit-linked deduction.

167. I propose to increase the threshold limit for audit of business entities who opt for presumptive income scheme from Rs 1 crore to Rs 2 crores. Similarly, the threshold for maintenance of books for individuals and HUF is being increased from turnover of Rs 10 lakhs to Rs 25 lakhs or income from Rs 1.2 lakhs to Rs 2.5 lakhs.

168. In 2012, Income-tax Act was amended to provide for taxation of those transactions of transfer of shares or interest in a foreign entity deriving its value substantially from Indian assets. Apprehensions have been raised about some difficulties which arise because of this provision in case of transfer of stake of investors of India-based funds located abroad but investing in India-based companies.

169. In order to remove this difficulty, I propose to exempt Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI) Category I & II from indirect transfer provision. I also propose to issue a clarification that indirect transfer provision shall not apply in case of redemption of shares or interests outside India as a result of or arising out of redemption or sale of investment in India which is chargeable to tax in India.

170. As on today, a TDS of 5% is being deducted from commission payable to individual insurance agents even if the income of some of them may be below taxable limit. I propose to exempt them from the requirement of TDS subject to their filing a self-declaration that their income is below taxable limit.

171. Last year, I had announced a new scheme for presumptive taxation for professionals with receipt upto Rs 50 lakhs p.a. In respect of such assesses, they are being given further benefit in terms of paying advance tax in one instalment instead of four.

172. In order to allow the people to claim the refund expeditiously, the time period for revising a tax return is being reduced to 12 months from completion of financial year, at par with the time period for filing of return. Also the time for completion of scrutiny assessments is being compressed further from 21 months to 18 months for Assessment Year 2018-19 and further to 12 months for Assessment Year 2019-20 and thereafter.

Personal Income-Tax

173. While the Government is trying to bring within tax-net more people who are evading taxes, the present burden of taxation is mainly on honest tax payers and salaried employees who are showing their income correctly. Therefore, post-demonetisation, there is a legitimate expectation of this class of people to reduce their burden of taxation. Also an argument is made that if a nominal rate of taxation is kept for lower slab, many more people will prefer to come within the tax net.

174. I, therefore, propose to reduce the existing rate of taxation for individual assesses between income of Rs 2.5 lakhs to Rs 5 lakhs to 5% from the present rate of 10%. This would reduce the tax liability of all persons below Rs 5 lakh income either to zero (with rebate) or 50% of their existing liability. In order not to have duplication of benefit, the existing benefit of rebate available to the same group of beneficiaries is being reduced to Rs 2500 available only to assessees upto income of Rs 3.5 lakhs. The combined effect of both these measures will mean that there would be zero tax liability for people getting income upto Rs 3 lakhs p.a. and the tax liability will only be Rs 2,500 for people with income between Rs 3 and Rs 3.5 lakhs. If the limit of Rs 1.5 lakh under Section 80C for investment is used fully the tax would be zero for people with income of Rs 4.5 lakhs. While the taxation liability of people with income upto Rs 5 lakhs is being reduced to half, all the other categories of tax payers in the subsequent slabs will also get a uniform benefit of Rs 12,500/- per person. The total amount of tax foregone on account of this measure is Rs 15,500 crores.

175. In order to make good some of this revenue loss on account of this relief, I propose to levy a surcharge of 10% of tax payable on categories of individuals whose annual taxable income is between Rs 50 lakhs and Rs 1 crore. The existing surcharge of 15% of Tax on people earning more than Rs 1 crore will continue. This is likely to give additional revenue of Rs 2,700 crores.

176. In order to expand tax net, I also plan to have a simple one-page form to be filed as Income Tax Return for the category of individuals having taxable income upto Rs 5 lakhs other than business income. Also a person of this category who files income tax return for the first time would not be subjected to any scrutiny in the first year unless there is specific information available with the Department regarding his high value transaction. I appeal to all citizens of India to contribute to Nation Building by making a small payment of 5% tax if their income is falling in the lowest slab of Rs 2.5 lakhs to Rs 5 lakhs.

177. Some other important proposals for amendment in Tax Laws which are not covered by me in my speech are given in Annex III of this speech.

Goods and Services Tax

178. There has been substantial progress towards ushering in GST, by far, the biggest tax reform since independence. Since the enactment of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, the preparatory work for this path-breaking reform has been a top priority for the Government. In this context, several teams of officers both from the States and Central Board of Excise and Customs have been working tirelessly to give finishing touch to the Model GST law and rules and other details. Government on its part has promptly given effect to various provisions of the Constitutional Amendment Act, including constitution of the GST Council. Since then, the GST Council held 9 meetings to discuss various issues relating to GST, including broad contours of the GST rate structure, threshold exemption and parameters for composition scheme, details for compensation to States due to implementation of GST, examination of draft model GST law, draft IGST law and the Compensation Law and administrative mechanism for GST. It is my privilege to inform this august house that the GST Council has finalised its recommendations on almost all the issues based on consensus and after spirited debate and discussions. The preparation of IT system for GST is also on schedule. The extensive reach-out efforts to trade and industry for GST will start from 1st April, 2017 to make them aware of the new taxation system.

179. Centre, through the Central Board of Excise & Customs, shall continue to strive to achieve the goal of implementation of GST as per schedule without compromising the spirit of co-operative federalism. Implementation of GST is likely to bring more taxes both to Central and State Governments because of widening of tax net. I have preferred not to make many changes in current regime of Excise & Service Tax because the same are to be replaced by GST soon.

RAPID

180. In the Annual Conclave of Tax officers called ‘Rajaswa Gyan Sangam’ held in June 2016, the Prime Minister had expressed his desire to bring reforms in tax administration in the form of an approach of RAPID which stands for Revenue, Accountability, Probity, Information and Digitisation. This approach precisely reflects the strategy of Tax Department which is now formulated. While revenue considerations always remain the focus of Revenue Department, we are trying to bring in maximum use of Information Technology to remove human contact with assesses as well as to plug tax avoidance. We will try to maximise our efforts for e-assessment in the coming year. We are also using a lot of data mining capability, both in-house and outsourced. We plan to enforce greater accountability of officers of Tax Department for specific act of commission and omission. I would like to assure everyone that honest, tax-compliant person would be treated with dignity and courtesy.

181. Madam Speaker, my direct tax proposals for exemptions, etc. would result in revenue loss of Rs 22,700 crore but after counting for revenue gain of Rs 2,700 crore for additional resource mobilisation proposal, the net revenue loss in direct tax would come to Rs 20,000 crore. There is no significant loss or gain in my indirect tax proposals.

CONCLUSION

182. Madam Speaker, I have outlined the Budget proposals under our overarching agenda: “Transform, Energise and Clean India”. Our emphasis will now be on implementing all these proposals for the benefit of the farmers, the poor and the underprivileged sections of our society.

183. Madam Speaker, it is said: “When my aim is right, when my goal is in sight, the winds favour me and I fly”. There is no other day, which is more appropriate for this, than today.

184. With these words, Madam Speaker, I commend the Budget to the House.