Feeding from Toddlers to Adolescence

Lipids in Childhood Nutrition: Importance of Fats in Food Composition

Author(s): A. Ballabriga

Fats are soluble compounds in organic solvents, with limited solubility in water;
triglycerides comprise the greater part of natural fats. Each triglyceride molecule
consists of three fatty acids esterified to one molecule of glycerol. The basic component
of all lipids is the fatty acid chain, with different chain lengths and different
degrees of saturation.

Feeding from Toddlers to Adolescence

Longitudinal Study of Energy Needs: An Appraisal of Revised Estimates for the Dietary Energy Needs of Children Through to Adolescence

Author(s): R.G. Whitehead, A.A. Paul

Although this review is concerned with how opinions about the dietary energy
needs of children and adolescents have changed during recent years and the way
these relate to lifestyle modifications within the industrial world and among the more
affluent parts of the population of Third World countries, it is instructive to look at
what has been happening to family diets as a whole.

Peak Bone Mass, Calcium, and Protein Intakes

Author(s): J-P. Bonjour

Peak bone mass can be defined as the amount of bony tissue present at the end
of skeletal maturation (1). This biological variable is an important determinant of
osteoporotic fracture risk because the mass of bony tissue present at any time during
adult life is simply the difference between the amount achieved at maturity and that
lost with aging (2,3)-

Trace Elements in Children and Adolescents

Author(s): F. Haschke, C. Male

Essential trace elements must be present in the organism at a certain concentration
in order to maintain life and growth. Thus, every essential trace element has its
special range of tissue concentrations that allow adequate maintenance of physiologic
and biochemical functions.

The revolution in children's lifestyles and dietary habits which has occurred over
the last 25 years can be largely attributed to changes in the family environment and
in the social environment in general.

Dietary Habits in Adolescence: Contribution of Snacking

Author(s): C. Cavadini

Nutrition plays a key role during adolescence, which is a period of tremendous
changes. From a somatic point of view, it is a period of fast growth, often with high
physical activity, with sexual maturation, including menstrual losses and sometimes
pregnancy for girls, requiring an important amount of energy and nutrients.

The Nutritional Role of Soft Drinks During Childhood and Adolescence

Author(s): P.R. Guesry

Years ago, children were drinking milk in Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon countries
whereas in Latin countries, they were drinking either plain water or water mixed
with a small amount of wine, cider, or syrup.

Dietary Changes, Nutrition, and Health in Australian Aborigines and Other Transitional Societies

Author(s): M. Gracey

Today there are more deaths from cardiovascular diseases in the developing world than in
the developed countries. After the age of 5, there are as many deaths from cardiovascular
diseases as from infectious and parasitic diseases put together (1).

Diet and Growth in Young Vegetarians

Author(s): M. Van Dusseldorp, P.C. Dagnelie, W.A. Van Staveren

The popularity of vegetarianism has increased greatly over the past few years
because of concern about the environment, animal welfare, and healthy eating. From
a historical point of view, the pursuit of vegetarianism for reasons of physical health
is a recent phenomenon.

Nutrition and Physical Exercise in Young Athletes

The development of sports and sports medicine is one of the most striking trends
of our society (1). Increasingly, people practicing sports are children or teenagers
who have the greatest risk of being fed upon, and suffering from, unbalanced diets
(2).

Diets, Electrolytes, and Hypertension in Childhood

Author(s): A.B. Gruskin, B.A. Atiyeh, L. Fleischmann, S. Dabbagh

Hypertension, a pathophysiologic expression common to a large group of diseases,
is neither organ-specific nor identified with a specific disease. Almost 50 million
adult Americans are reported to be hypertensive.

Nutritional Problems in Tropical Populations and Their Control

Author(s): F.E. Viteri

Tropical populations constitute the majority of the "developing world," which was
basically colonial in nature; it is mostly politically unstable, corrupt, and immature;
it is fundamentally poor (economically disadvantaged); it is principally agricultural;
it has unfavorable trade balances; and it is plagued by huge differences in wealth and
human power within social classes.

Conclusions: Proposed Areas of Research During the Next Decade

Author(s): A. Ballabriga

Dr. Ballabriga: In the program of this workshop, the title "Conclusions: Proposed Areas
of Research During the Next Decade" is announced for this final session. I do not think that
"conclusions" is really the appropriate word because this could be interpreted as meaning
something that is practically finished, but really we have not finished anything and are only
just developing ideas for the future.