This map of the Middle East shows the area presently inhabited by the Kurds. At the end of World War I, the Kurds were promised their own independent homeland under the Treaty of Sèvres. The treaty was never ratified, and the Kurds were divided mainly between Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria.

Who can be a citizen? Many countries recognize birthright citizenship, meaning that anyone born within a country's territory is automatically a citizen, even if the parents are not citizens. See full-sized image for analysis.

At the Congress of Berlin in 1884, 15 European powers divided Africa among them. By 1914, these imperial powers had fully colonized the continent, exploiting its people and resources. See full-sized image for analysis.

Historians estimate that about 1,100 Jewish ghettos were established by the Nazis and their allies in Europe between 1933 and 1945. This map shows the locations of the largest ghettos. View the Spanish version of this map.

Between 1933 and 1945, the Nazis established more than 40,000 camps for the imprisonment, forced labor, or mass killing of Jews, Sinti and Roma, Communists, and other so-called “enemies of the state." View the Spanish version of this map.