UNITED STATES is a Corporation!
There are Two Constitutions - Sovereignty

Criminal Government Act Of 1871 EXPOSED

The TRUTH about the UNITED STATES, LAW &
YOU
YOU NEED TO WATCH THIS!

This
is a news reporting and aggregation service that follows crimes against We
The People by its criminal government which began with the Act of 1871.
We also track the
success of Iceland that led a peaceful revolution against the PRIVATE
BANKSTERS and abolished their "Federal Reserve" and jailed
their top 20 banksters. We expose corruption and crimes in government, banking as
well as financial
crimes, political corruption, tyranny and treason by corrupt governments,
elected & non-elected "SERVANTS" of the people they were
supposed to serve. We re-publish these related news
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ownership to any of the information contained herein as these news stories, links and videos are already in the public domain.

Based
on numerous requests seeking permission to re-produce or re-publish
articles, stories, videos and links, be advised that we do NOT own content. Therefore,
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permission is NOT needed to copy, re-produce or re-publish any of the
information contained herein.

The
Act of 1871 CHANGED our
country's Founding Fathers "original" "Constitution for the united states for America"
to the "THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" in 1871.

The Congress
of "We the People" that was BY/FOR & OF "We the People"
in 1871, recognized the "united states for America" was in financial
distress due to the debts incurred by the Civil War. Congress agreed to be
bailed out of the enormous war debt by the international bankers (or "Banksters"
as they are now known) who were led by the Rothschild family from London. But
these truly evil banksters wanted significant "collateral" before
loaning money to a still young nation. The banker's concocted a scheme to secure
the collateral in exchange for the loan which Congress agreed to and passed the Act of 1871.

The
Act of 1871 - led by the Virginia Company, a PRIVATE COMPANY and changing its'
name, became a new "corporation" known as THE UNITED STATES.

>>>
NOTE: The new corporation's name and CAPITALIZATION is SIGNIFICANT!

This
new corporation, previously known as the Virginia Company, was owned by
FOREIGNERS and did NOT have ANY CONCERNS for the country's best interests or
its' Constitution of, by and for We The People. Rather, the new corporation
proceeded to SUSPEND the "organic" version of the Constitution (note,
this Act of 1871 is also referred to as the "Organic Act of
1871").

After
passing the "Act of 1871," our
country's original Constitution was "corrupted" in that the new
"owners" altered our Constitution, with THEIRS changing the title to
all block-capitals. They also changed the word "for" to the word "of" in the title.

The
title for our ORIGINAL Constitution, as drafted by our Founding Fathers, was;

"The Constitution for the united states of
America."

The
Act of 1871 also prostituted our country with the new corporation's creating
ILLEGAL federal (criminal) agencies and giving it powers our country's founding
Fathers EXPRESSLY DENIED it from having, thus the creation of a private banking
system - the Federal Reserve - along with the "ABC" agencies such as
the IRS, FBI, CIA, FCC, Dept of Education, NASA, etc., and ALL PROHIBITED by our
country's Founding Fathers!

"I am a most unhappy man. I have unwittingly ruined my country. A great industrial nation is controlled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is concentrated. The growth of the nation, therefore, and all our activities are in the hands of a few men. We have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled and dominated Governments in the civilized world no longer a Government by free opinion, no longer a Government by conviction and the vote of the majority, but a Government by the opinion and duress of a small group of dominant men."
~ President Woodrow Wilson, immediately after signing the Federal Reserve into existence.

"The Government should create, issue, and circulate all the currency and credits needed to satisfy the spending power of the Government and the buying power of consumers. By the adoption of these principles, the taxpayers will be saved immense sums of interest. Money will cease to be master and become the servant of humanity."
~ Abraham Lincoln

"I sincerely believe ... that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies; and that the principle of spending money to be paid by posterity, under the name of funding, is but swindling futurity on a large
scale."
~ Thomas Jefferson

"a legitimate government can both spend and lend money into circulation...,when your bankers here in England place money in circulation, there is always a debt principal to be returned and usury to be paid. The result is that you have always too little credit in circulation to give the workers full employment. You do not have too many workers, you have too little money in circulation, and that which circulates, all bears the endless burden of
un-payable debt and usury."
~ Benjamin Franklin (printer of Colonial Scrip)

* The President
of the U.S.A. is nothing but a "PUPPET"
who is "controlled" by:

- the
"Federal Reserve"
- the Secretary of the Treasury, and
- the international crime syndicate
(the international "banksters")

The Federal
Reserve is no more "federal" than "Federal Express."

The
international bankers want to turn EVERY person into a
"slave."

In fact, the
Federal Reserve has ALREADY "enslaved"
EVERY American (through Social Security)

YOU NEED TO WATCH THIS VIDEO!

Will you help us
take back our country and
Abolish the Federal Reserve?

It's time to
Restore the Republic!

It's time to
ARREST all
international bankers
that have perpetrated this FRAUD, and MURDERED
MILLIONS of people.

It's time to
STOP the new world order from
going any further with their EVIL plan.

It's time to Return to the Constitution!

Step 1:

Support Ron Paul, Rand Paul
and Ted Cruz, among other
elected "servants" who have not sold-out to the criminal
foreign occupiers of "We the People's" government and
who will abide by their oath of office to support and
defend the U.S. Constitution, against all enemies,
foreign and DOMESTIC!

Step 2:

Abolish
the Federal Reserve

Step 3:

throw
out the voting machines and return to Paper Ballots.

Step 4:

all vote counting is conducted at the local precincts -
which is open and witnessed by the Public and the local media.

Step 5:

WAKE UP!

Get informed, and NOT by watching the "controlled" news on
your television
or in your town's newspaper.

Un-plug / throw out
your television set with its mind-numbing programming
which is only meant to dumb-you down and keep you "asleep."

Support
the "Monetary Reform Act" that will Abolish the Federal
Reserve
and the "Sovereignty Movement" by the States
(The Sovereignty Movement is gaining rapid momentum in about 24 states -
whose legislatures
are introducing and enacting new laws to restrict the un-constitutional
actions of the Federal government)

The Monetary Reform Act, will ABOLISH the Federal Reserve, and is
absolutely required if we truly want peace, prosperity and liberty.
The Monetary Reform Act will pay off our nation's debt massive $16
Trillion debt in LESS than 24 months and simultaneously:

* Repeals and Abolishes the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and National Banking Act of 1864 which restores America's banking system to that which we had under Pres Abraham Lincoln.

*
Returns America's banking system, to AMERICA!

*
America's own banking system then begins issuing our own "debt-free U.S.
Notes" (which is what our Constitution REQUIRES)

* Abolishes "Fractional Reserve Banking"

* Immediately prevents the U.S. Government from any membership or
involvement with the: IMF, BIS and World Bank

Did you know that Fractional Reserve Banking - which we now have under the ILLEGAL/UNCONSTITUTIONAL Federal Reserve is responsible for 90% of all inflation?

Did you know that the 5 islands of Guernsey, just off of Normandy, France's coast, has been operating WITHOUT an illegal/fraudulent banking system, by issuing their own debt-free paper currency since 1815?

The
"Head of the
Snake" is the Federal Reserve which is an ILLEGAL,
UN-CONSTITUTIONAL PRIVATE BANK owned by the private
(NAZI) bankster families led by the Rothschilds & Rockefellers
and now attempting to bring in their Satanic "New World Order"

Jacob
Rothschild - New World Order Nazi Scum

The Rockefellers and Rothschild NAZI bankster families also head the
"New World Order"
who want the world to REJECT Jesus, the ONLY SON OF GOD,
accept Satan and Satan's "Mark of the Beast" (666) and for you to worship Satan.
That's because these EVIL, WICKED Nazis' religion is Satanic /
Luciferian.

Because the Head of the Snake is ILLEGAL &
UNCONSTITUTIONAL,
the USA does NOT owe "interest" or debt to the Banksters,
who
are NOTHING BUT Criminal, Mafia, NAZI SCUM.

Jacob
Rothschild - New World Order Nazi Scum

THIS PHONY, ILLEGAL & MAKE-BELIEVE "DEBT" OF
THE
FEDERAL RESERVE OWNED BY THE CRIMINAL NAZI CABAL
NOW TOTALS > $17 TRILLION
& is IMPOSSIBLE TO RE-PAY, and why the NAZI Banksters
think they will be able to turn EVERY American into a "slave."

Our so-called
"government" (Congress, President & Supreme Court)
SOLD-OUT AMERICA IN 1913 and are NOTHING but
New World Order PUPPETS and Yes men/women.

The government of the USA and many other countries is
IS OWNED AND CONTROLLED BY THE NAZI BANKSTERS!

WHEN the USA decides to RETURN to the Constitution,
and "DISAPPEARS" the ILLEGAL Federal Reserve, the FAKE DEBT
of $17 Trillion also disappears, and will ELIMINATE the possibility
that Americans become slaves of the NAZI banksters!

If you have ANY DOUBTS these Banksters that own the Federal Reserve are NAZIs,
do
your own
research and homework on the Rothschilds and the other 7 bankster
families!

THE BANKSTERS STOLE $9
TRILLION FROM AMERICAN PEOPLE
AND NOBODY KNOWS WHERE IT WENT?!?

$9 TRILLION IS
MISSING and the Federal Reserve's own Inspector General
Can't Explain the LOSS of $9 TRILLION, Where It Is or Who STOLE IT?!?

Federal Reserve Caught Red Handed

"Unhappy events abroad have
re-taught us two simple truths about the liberty of a democratic people. The first truth is that the liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerate the growth of private power to a point where it becomes stronger than their democratic State itself. That, in its essence, is fascism — ownership of government by an individual, by a group or by any other controlling private power.
The second truth is that the liberty of a democracy is not safe if its business system does not provide employment and produce and distribute goods in such a way as to sustain an acceptable standard of living. Both lessons hit home. Among us today,
a concentration of private power without equal in history is growing." ~ President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1938

Any
nation wanting freedom and an end to wars, must first start by abolishing
their country's privately owned central bank as Iceland did in 2008. "Follow
Iceland" with the "Iceland
Solution!"

Why
would ANY country want to sell-out its' own citizens by allowing a
private, family-owned bank, such as the Rothschild & Rockefeller
families, to control its economy, its currency and therefore its own
citizens? Money, power and greed is at the top of the list. And the money
and power is owned NOT by a soverign nation's government for the benefit
of its' own citizens, but by privately-owned banking families for their
benefit. Maybe this will help - did you know that the Rothschild family (alone) owns ONE-HALF of the world's
wealth? Their family's assets EXCEEDS $500 Trillion. Do you think they
might use their wealth to buy influence, buy politicians, re-write laws
and regulations, control governments or otherwise turn once free countries
like the USA WAS in 1912, before the Federal Reserve Act was ILLEGALLY
signed into law in 1913...... and thereby enslaving our country and
citizens? And you wonder how and where the Rothschild's $500 trillion came
from? And you wonder why our elected "servants" are not
representing "we the people?" Since 1913, our elected servants
have been the "puppets" of the banksters - led by the Rothschild
and Rockefeller families (banking "cartels").

The
Iceland
Solution is a
model for success, real economic growth and gaining traction in "bankster
troubled" countries! More countries considering arresting the Rothschild & Rockefeller
Banksters
and returning their banks and economies to their citizens!

There were several well-known mottos or slogans
of the
1st American Revolution, including;

"United we stand, divided we fall."
"I regret that I have but one life to give for my country."
"Give me liberty or give me death."
"Don't Tread On Me."
"These are the times that try men's souls."
"The British are coming!"

But there was only one "battle cry" and
primary theme for the war, which was;

of UN-constitutional
and ILLEGAL government that has been HI-JACKED
by PRIVATE BANKS and are the Puppet-Masters who CONTROL not
only "We The People's government, but the President (who is JUST
their "puppet"
as well as OUR Congress....... which explains out of control

The "Iceland Solution" is the Answer to the Criminal
Bankster-scum ("Puppet Masters") & Criminal Banksters that Control the
Most Every Government and their "
Puppets" which includes every U.S. President since these
criminals MURDERED President Kennedy on Nov. 22, 1963). The U.S.
Congress and Supreme Court are also the Puppets of these mafia bankster
criminals who are Nazis that worship Lucifer and plan to murder 90% of
the world's population.

Did the private bankster families that own of the private Federal Reserve bank
conspire to execute President Kennedy (the last
"real" President of the USA) for his signing
of Executive Order 11110 (on June 4, 1963) which allowed the US Treasury to print
$4 billion of U.S. Notes?

Few people know the Federal Reserve is an
unconstitutional private bank owned by criminal mafia bank$ters (and Nazis)
trying to bring in the New World Order. The Federal Reserve is owned by; Rothschild, Rockefeller and six other wealthy
families who are all guilty of war crimes, theft, conspiracy, bribery, and who
"own" the three branches of the US Government and every
elected/appointed "puppet."

Click
here: http://politicalvelcraft.org/kennedy/
to learn more about President John F. Kennedy, America's last "real"
(non - "Puppet" President) of
the USA, who stood up to the criminal mafia bankster families that own the
Federal Reserve. President Kennedy refused to be a "puppet" President or
to be "owned" by the
criminal mafia / New World Order and Rothschild / Rockefeller / Goldman Sachs
bank$ter families that own the Federal Reserve AND now "own" all 3
branches of the US Government (Executive, Legislative and Judicial).

“The state did not shoulder the responsibility of the failed private banks.
Taxpayers should not be responsible for paying the debts of a private institution.”
~ Iceland's President Olafur Grimsson
in Bloomberg television interview.

"The belief that
a country's citizens have to pay for the mistakes of a 'financial monopoly'
(i.e. a private / central bank) and that nation must be taxed to pay off the
financial monopoly's private debts is not only wrong but immoral."
~ Iceland's President Olafur Grimsson

Iceland
shattered this expected "norm" of the private bankers and transformed the relationship between
a country's citizens and their political institutions and eventually
"awoke" Iceland’s leaders to take the side of their rightful constituents.

Iceland Wins, the Criminal Private Banksters & New World Order
Criminal Bankster Families are on the run!

Follow Iceland
to Real Freedom, Liberty, End of Financial Tyranny, the End
of Criminal/Illegal Privately-owned Central Banks & Debt Slavery to
them!

Since
Iceland abolished their Central Bank (owned by the Rockefeller, Rothschild
& other 6 mafia crime families - see list below) and issued arrest warrants for their criminal
"banksters," Iceland's economy has rebounded and become the model
for all countries to follow!

WANTED BY INTERPOL AND COUNTRY
OF ICELAND:
Sigurdur EinarssonCriminal Rothschild Bankster
on the Run from Justice.
Interpol Issues Arrest Warrant For Rothschild Banker; Sigurdur
Einarsson.
May be in hiding in Argentina or Bolivia with other Nazis and
other Nazi banksters now on the run.

Interpol Man-hunt for Former Icelandic Rothschild Bank Chief; Sigurdur EinarssonSigurdur Einarsson, the ex-chairman and chief executive of collapsed Icelandic bank Kaupthing,
is wanted by Interpol on suspicion of forgery and fraud.

The "Federal Reserve" is an ILLEGAL and UNCONSTITUTIONAL
"private" bank owned by eight criminal & mafia "bankster"
families
that own in excess of $500 Trillion in assets.

The Federal Reserve is no more "Federal"
than the "Federal Express" company is "Federal!"

The “Federal Reserve
Bank,” a/k/a "The Fed" is a PRIVATELY-OWNED
for-profit
corporation that is OWNED by the following eight criminal & mafia "bankster"
families:

1. Rothschild's of London and Berlin
2. Lazard Brothers of Paris
3. Israel Moses Seaf of Italy
4. Kuhn, Loeb & Co. of Germany and New York
5. Warburg & Company of Hamburg, Germany
6. Lehman Brothers of New York
7. Goldman, Sachs of New York
8. Rockefeller Brothers of New York

Say
no to the 20 most-wealthy families and their 1,000 family members - that
are no different than the mafia gangsters like Al Capone - are
psychopaths and criminals and "control" corporations and
people via their "private bank" and planning for their "new world order."

The
Rothschild (Nazi) crime family is the leader of the eight Nazi families
that own the world's private banks, including the Federal Reserve bank
in the USA.

The Rothschilds $500 Trillion

The
Rothschild family (alone) owns ONE-HALF of the world's wealth. Their
family's assets EXCEEDS $500 Trillion. And they and their other seven Nazi
families, and the "puppets" in the governments they control/own, want to murder
> 80% of
the world's population and have the planet for themselves - as they will
make the other 19.9% of the people on the planet their slaves, making them get
"chipped" like a dog, with the "mark of the beast."

It would be better if leaders found the courage to openly admit what is now obvious: The global breakdown-crisis of the financial system is out of control; it is global; there is a danger of a meltdown of the financial system and the real economy, which threatens to dwarf the Crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression—and that governments have no idea what to do.

Breakdown Crisis Out of Control: Urgent Appeal for a Global Glass-Steagall System

~The
Glass-Steagall Solution ~

Faced with this existential threat, there is only one way out: a global, two-tier banking system in the tradition of the U.S.
Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. The bill for a new Glass-Steagall Act, H.R. 1489, which was introduced by Democratic Rep. Marcy Kaptur (D-Ohio) in the U.S. House of Representatives, is now being cosponsored by 32 other Congressmen, and supported by the national trade union federation, the AFL-CIO; the National Farmers' Union
(NFU); and numerous regional and local trade union and party institutions, city councils, etc.

I enumerate the necessary emergency measure:

1. All the countries of the trans-Atlantic region must adopt legislation for a two-tier banking system, based on Franklin D. Roosevelt's
Glass-Steagall Act of June 16, 1933, the principles of which also existed in European countries until the early 1980s, with strict regulations under which the banking sector primarily had the character of industrial banks, and private savings could not be used for risky speculative operations.

As was the case before the repeal of Glass-Steagall in 1999 by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, commercial banks, investment banks, and the insurance sector will have to be completely separated from each other.

2. The commercial banks will have to be placed under state protection; the investment banks will have to bring their balance sheets into order on their own, without the help of taxpayers' money, which in practice means that toxic paper in the trillions will have to be written off, even if it leads to the insolvency of the banks.

3. Those legitimate areas from the old system that deal with the real economy or the productive lives of working people will be identified, and be held valid in the new system. Some categories of these claims will have to be frozen at first, because of complex interdependencies, and then analyzed by a state institution, valued, and honored.

4. A national banking system in the tradition of Alexander Hamilton must then issue long-term loans, within the new credit system, with low interest rates for productive investment purposes, which, by an emphasis on increasing energy-flux density and scientific and technical progress, will raise economic productivity.

5. The participating nations must immediately establish a system of fixed exchange rates.

6. For the reconstruction of the global economy, long-term cooperation agreements will have to be concluded among sovereign states, whose purpose will be to build well-defined infrastructure and development projects. These agreements represent de factoa new credit system, a New Bretton Woods system, in the tradition of Roosevelt.

7. Given the decades-long destruction of industrial and agricultural capacities as a result of the monetarist dogma, beneath the level required for decent living conditions for the world's current population of around 7 billion, the goal must be to achieve, through a science-driver, the next, higher platform of economic development, as Lyndon LaRouche has formulated this from the standpoint of physical economy.

Join us in directing an urgent appeal to parliaments and governments to fulfill their constitutional duty and to protect the common good of those they represent, by adopting a two-tier banking system immediately.

"Puppet
Boy"

also
known as "Monkey Man"
by the Commie Chinese who also think he is a "JOKE."

The Chi-comms DESPISE
obama for being a
TRAITOR to the USA.

Barack Hussein Obama's
Indictment and Arrest Coming Soon!

OBAMA'S ARREST
TO TAKE PLACE IN NEXT
2-3 WEEKS.
UPDATE BREAKING NEWS!

Arrest
Nancy Pelosi for her Criminal Involvement Knowing that
Barack Hussein Obama was NOT Eligible for Running for President
of the USA or even "Dog Catcher" position in the USA

The
Associated Press and Nancy Pelosi
BOTH KNEW Obama was born in Kenya

Was
the DNC Aware Obama was Born in Kenya?
YES, as evidenced by Nancy Pelosi's "certification!"

"The bank hath benefit of interest on all moneys which it creates out of nothing."
~ William Paterson, founder of the Bank of England in 1694, then a privately owned bank.

"Let me issue and control a nation's money and I care not who writes the laws."
~ Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744 - 1812) and founder of the House of Rothschild.

"The few who understand the system will either be so interested in its profits or be so dependent upon its
favors that there will be no opposition from that class, while on the other hand, the great body of people, mentally incapable of comprehending the tremendous advantage that capital derives from the system, will bear its burdens without complaint, and perhaps without even suspecting that the system is inimical to their interests."
~ The Rothschild brothers of London writing to associates in New York, 1863.

"Banking was conceived in iniquity and was born in sin. The Bankers own the Earth. Take it away from them, but leave them the power to create deposits, and with the flick of a pen they will create enough deposits to buy it back again. However, take it away from them, and all the fortunes like mine will disappear, and they ought to disappear, for this world would be a happier and better world to live in. But if you wish to remain slaves of the Bankers and pay for the cost of your own slavery, let them continue to create deposits."
~ Sir Josiah Stamp, President of the Bank of England in the 1920s, the second richest man in
Britain

"I am afraid the ordinary citizen will not like to be told that the banks can and do create money. And they who control the credit of the nation direct the policy of Governments and hold in the hollow of their hand the destiny of the people."
~ Reginald McKenna, as Chairman of the Midland Bank, addressing stockholders in
1924

"The banks do create money. They have been doing it for a long time, but they didn't realise it, and they did not admit it. Very few did. You will find it in all sorts of documents, financial textbooks, etc. But in the intervening years, and we must be perfectly frank about these things, there has been a development of thought, until today I doubt very much whether you would get many prominent bankers to attempt to deny that banks create it."
~ H W White, Chairman of the Associated Banks of New Zealand, to the New Zealand Monetary Commission,
1955

"I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies." ~ Thomas Jefferson, US President 1801 -
1809

"When a government is dependent upon bankers for money, they and not the leaders of the government control the situation, since the hand that gives is above the hand that takes. Money has no motherland; financiers are without patriotism and without decency; their sole object is gain." ~ Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France.

"If the American people ever allow private banks to control issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and the corporations will grow up around them, will deprive the people of all property until their children wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs." ~ Thomas Jefferson in the debate over The Re-charter of the Bank Bill
(1809)

"Money plays the largest part in determining the course of history." ~ Karl Marx writing in the Communist Manifesto (1848)

"The government should create, issue and circulate all the currency and credits needed to satisfy the spending power of the government and the buying power of consumers. By adoption of these principles, the taxpayers will be saved immense sums of interest. Money will cease to be master and become the servant of humanity." ~ Abraham Lincoln, US President 1861 - 1865. He created government issue money during the American Civil War and was
assassinated in 1865 by John Wilkes Booth

"The death of Lincoln was a disaster for Christendom. There was no man in the United States great enough to wear his boots and the bankers went anew to grab the riches. I fear that foreign bankers with their craftiness and tortuous tricks will entirely control the exuberant riches of America and use it to systematically corrupt
civilization." ~ Otto von Bismark (1815-1898), German Chancellor, after the Lincoln
assassination

"That this House considers that the continued issue of all the means of exchange - be they coin, bank-notes or credit, largely passed on by cheques - by private firms as an interest-bearing debt against the public should cease forthwith; that the Sovereign power and duty of issuing money in all forms should be returned to the Crown, then to be put into circulation free of all debt and interest
obligations." ~ Captain Henry Kerby MP, in an Early Day Motion tabled in
1964

"Banks lend by creating credit. They create the means of payment out of nothing." ~ Ralph M Hawtry, former Secretary to the Treasury

"our whole monetary system is dishonest, as it is debt-based... We did not vote for it. It grew upon us gradually but markedly since 1971 when the commodity-based system was abandoned." ~ The Earl of Caithness, in a speech to the House of Lords,
1997

"Money is a new form of slavery, and distinguishable from the old simply by the fact that it is impersonal - that there is no human relation between master and slave." ~ Leo Tolstoy, Russian author and writer

"It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our banking and money system, for if they did, I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning." ~ Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company

"The modern banking system manufactures money out of nothing. The process is, perhaps, the most astounding piece of sleight of hand that was ever invented. Banks can in fact inflate, mint and un-mint the modern ledger-entry currency." ~ Major L L B Angus

"The study of money, above all other fields in economics, is one in which complexity is used to disguise truth or to evade truth, not to reveal it. The process by which banks create money is so simple the mind is repelled. With something so important, a deeper mystery seems only decent." ~ John Kenneth Galbraith (1908 - 2006 ) former professor of economics at Harvard, writing in 'Money: Whence it came, where it went'
(1975)

Just because the Federal Reserve calls itself "Federal" does NOT
make them a part of our Federal government. In fact, the Federal Reserve
is no more "Federal" than the "Federal Express"
Corporation!

Here's
what the United States 9th Circuit Court ruled in 1982

"Examining the organization and function of the Federal Reserve Banks, and applying the relevant factors, we conclude that the Reserve Banks are not federal instrumentalities for purposes of the FTCA, but are independent, privately-owned and locally controlled corporations."
Lewis vs. U.S., 680 F. 2d 1239, 1241

"We have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Banks. Some people think the Federal Reserve Banks are U.S. government institutions. They are not government institutions. They are private credit monopolies; domestic swindlers, rich and predatory money lenders which prey upon the people of the united States for the benefit of themselves and their foreign customers. The Federal Reserve Banks are the agents of the foreign central banks. The truth is the Federal Reserve Board has usurped the Government of the United States by the arrogant credit monopoly which operates the Federal Reserve Board."
~ Congressman Louis T. McFadden, Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Committee, speech on the floor of the House of Representatives, June 10,
1932

"In the united States we have, in effect, two governments....... We have the duly constituted
Government...... and then we have an independent, uncontrolled and uncoordinated government in the Federal Reserve System, operating the money powers which are reserved to Congress by the Constitution."
~ Congressman Wright Patmann, Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Committee,
speech in 1967 at the U.S. House of Representatives

"Most Americans have no real understanding of the operation of the international money
lenders....... The accounts of the Federal Reserve System have never been audited. It operates outside the control of
the U.S. Congress and manipulates the credit of the United States." ~ U.S.
Senator Barry Goldwater

"Federal Reserve Notes are illegal" U.S. Representative Dr. Ron Paul

"These international bankers and Rockefeller-Standard Oil interests control the majority of newspapers and the columns of these papers to club into submission or drive out of public office officials who refuse to do the bidding of the powerful corrupt cliques which compose the invisible government."
~ President Teddy Roosevelt

____________________________

President
John F. Kennedy's "The President and the Press" Speech
Better known as his "Secret Societies" Speech
April 27, 1961

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
New York

Background on President Kennedy's Secret Societies speech:

About
2 1/2 years before his murder / assassination, President Kennedy delivered his powerful
"Secret Societies" speech at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York
City at the National News Publishers Association on April 27, 1961. In
this speech, President Kennedy called for the end to "secret societies" in
our federal government. It is suspected by many, that this attack on the
"secret societies" caused the secret societies to cause President
Kennedy's death by assassination.

The
"secret societies" include the Bilderbergs, Bohemian Grove, Free
Masons, Skull and Bones, the Federal Reserve, and the Fed's owners, the
international "banksters" that include the Rockefellers, Rothschilds
and Bank of England and Bank of International Settlements.

Many
believe that President Kennedy was our last "real" President, with
every President since President Kennedy being a "puppet" President,
hand selected by the secret societies. President Kennedy's powerful speech
begins below and the following is a complete transcript.

Beginning
of President Kennedy's speech:

Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen:

I appreciate very much your generous invitation to be here tonight.

You bear heavy responsibilities these days and an article I read some time ago reminded me of how particularly heavily the burdens of present day events bear upon your profession.

You may remember that in 1851 the New York Herald Tribune under the sponsorship and publishing of Horace Greeley, employed as its London correspondent an obscure journalist by the name of Karl Marx.

We are told that foreign correspondent Marx, stone broke, and with a family ill and undernourished, constantly appealed to Greeley and managing editor Charles Dana for an increase in his munificent salary of $5 per installment, a salary which he and Engels ungratefully labeled as the "lousiest petty bourgeois cheating."

But when all his financial appeals were refused, Marx looked around for other means of livelihood and fame, eventually terminating his relationship with the Tribune and devoting his talents full time to the cause that would bequeath to the world the seeds of Leninism, Stalinism, revolution and the cold war.

If only this capitalistic New York newspaper had treated him more kindly; if only Marx had remained a foreign correspondent, history might have been different. And I hope all publishers will bear this lesson in mind the next time they receive a poverty-stricken appeal for a small increase in the expense account from an obscure newspaper man.

I have selected as the title of my remarks tonight "The President and the Press." Some may suggest that this would be more naturally worded "The President Versus the Press." But those are not my sentiments tonight.

It is true, however, that when a well-known diplomat from another country demanded recently that our State Department repudiate certain newspaper attacks on his colleague it was unnecessary for us to reply that this Administration was not responsible for the press, for the press had already made it clear that it was not responsible for this Administration.

Nevertheless, my purpose here tonight is not to deliver the usual assault on the so-called one party press. On the contrary, in recent months I have rarely heard any complaints about political bias in the press except from a few Republicans. Nor is it my purpose tonight to discuss or defend the televising of Presidential press conferences. I think it is highly beneficial to have some 20,000,000 Americans regularly sit in on these conferences to observe, if I may say so, the incisive, the intelligent and the courteous qualities displayed by your Washington correspondents.

Nor, finally, are these remarks intended to examine the proper degree of privacy which the press should allow to any President and his family.

If in the last few months your White House reporters and photographers have been attending church services with regularity, that has surely done them no harm.

On the other hand, I realize that your staff and wire service photographers may be complaining that they do not enjoy the same green privileges at the local golf courses which they once did.

It is true that my predecessor did not object as I do to pictures of one's golfing skill in action. But neither on the other hand did he ever bean a Secret Service man.

My topic tonight is a more sober one of concern to publishers as well as editors.

I want to talk about our common responsibilities in the face of a common danger. The events of recent weeks may have helped to illuminate that challenge for some; but the dimensions of its threat have loomed large on the horizon for many years. Whatever our hopes may be for the future--for reducing this threat or living with it--there is no escaping either the gravity or the totality of its challenge to our survival and to our security--a challenge that confronts us in unaccustomed ways in every sphere of human activity.

This deadly challenge imposes upon our society two requirements of direct concern both to the press and to the President--two requirements that may seem almost contradictory in tone, but which must be reconciled and fulfilled if we are to meet this national peril. I refer, first, to the need for far greater public information; and, second, to the need for far greater official secrecy.

The very word "secrecy" is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify it. Even today, there is little value in opposing the threat of a closed society by imitating its arbitrary restrictions. Even today, there is little value in insuring the survival of our nation if our traditions do not survive with it. And there is very grave danger that an announced need for increased security will be seized upon by those anxious to expand its meaning to the very limits of official censorship and concealment. That I do not intend to permit to the extent that it’s in my control. And no official of my Administration, whether his rank is high or low, civilian or military, should interpret my words here tonight as an excuse to censor the news, to stifle dissent, to cover up our mistakes or to withhold from the press and the public the facts they deserve to know.

But I do ask every publisher, every editor, and every newsman in the nation to reexamine his own standards, and to recognize the nature of our country's peril. In time of war, the government and the press have customarily joined in an effort based largely on self-discipline, to prevent unauthorized disclosures to the enemy. In times of "clear and present danger," the courts have held that even the privileged rights of the First Amendment must yield to the public's need for national security.

Today no war has been declared and however fierce the struggle may be, it may never be declared in the traditional fashion. Our way of life is under attack. Those who make themselves our enemy are advancing around the globe. The survival of our friends is in danger. And yet no war has been declared, no borders have been crossed by marching troops, no missiles have been fired.

If the press is awaiting a declaration of war before it imposes the self-discipline of combat conditions, then I can only say that no war ever posed a greater threat to our security. If you are awaiting a finding of "clear and present danger," then I can only say that the danger has never been more clear and its presence has never been more imminent.

It requires a change in outlook, a change in tactics, a change in missions--by the government, by the people, by every businessman or labor leader, and by every newspaper. For we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covert means for expanding its sphere of influence--on infiltration instead of invasion, on subversion instead of elections, on intimidation instead of free choice, on guerrillas by night instead of armies by day. It is a system which has conscripted vast human and material resources into the building of a tightly knit, highly efficient machine that combines military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, scientific and political operations.

Its preparations are concealed, not published. Its mistakes are buried, not headlined. Its dissenters are silenced, not praised. No expenditure is questioned, no rumor is printed, no secret is revealed. It conducts the Cold War, in short, with a war-time discipline no democracy would ever hope or wish to match.

Nevertheless, every democracy recognizes the necessary restraints of national security--and the question remains whether those restraints need to be more strictly observed if we are to oppose this kind of attack as well as outright invasion.

For the facts of the matter are that this nation's foes have openly boasted of acquiring through our newspapers information they would otherwise hire agents to acquire through theft, bribery or espionage; that details of this nation's covert preparations to counter the enemy's covert operations have been available to every newspaper reader, friend and foe alike; that the size, the strength, the location and the nature of our forces and weapons, and our plans and strategy for their use, have all been pinpointed in the press and other news media to a degree sufficient to satisfy any foreign power; and that, in at least in one case, the publication of details concerning a secret mechanism whereby satellites were followed required its alteration at the expense of considerable time and money.

The newspapers which printed these stories were loyal, patriotic, responsible and well-meaning. Had we been engaged in open warfare, they undoubtedly would not have published such items. But in the absence of open warfare, they recognized only the tests of journalism and not the tests of national security. And my question tonight is whether additional tests should not now be adopted.

That question is for you alone to answer. No public official should answer it for you. No governmental plan should impose its restraints against your will. But I would be failing in my duty to the nation, in considering all of the responsibilities that we now bear and all of the means at hand to meet those responsibilities, if I did not commend this problem to your attention, and urge its thoughtful consideration.

On many earlier occasions, I have said--and your newspapers have constantly said--that these are times that appeal to every citizen's sense of sacrifice and self-discipline. They call out to every citizen to weigh his rights and comforts against his obligations to the common good. I cannot now believe that those citizens who serve in the newspaper business consider themselves exempt from that appeal.

I have no intention of establishing a new Office of War Information to govern the flow of news. I am not suggesting any new forms of censorship or new types of security classifications. I have no easy answer to the dilemma that I have posed, and would not seek to impose it if I had one. But I am asking the members of the newspaper profession and the industry in this country to reexamine their own responsibilities, to consider the degree and the nature of the present danger, and to heed the duty of self-restraint which that danger imposes upon us all.

Every newspaper now asks itself, with respect to every story: "Is it news?" All I suggest is that you add the question: "Is it in the interest of the national security?" And I hope that every group in America--unions and businessmen and public officials at every level will ask the same question of their endeavors, and subject their actions to the same exacting tests.

And should the press of America consider and recommend the voluntary assumption of specific new steps or machinery, I can assure you that we will cooperate whole-heartedly with those recommendations.

Perhaps there will be no recommendations. Perhaps there is no answer to the dilemma faced by a free and open society in a cold and secret war. In times of peace, any discussion of this subject, and any action that results, are both painful and without precedent. But this is a time of peace and peril which knows no precedent in history.

It is the unprecedented nature of this challenge that also gives rise to your second obligation--an obligation which I share and that is our obligation to inform and alert the American people to make certain that they possess all the facts that they need, and understand them as well--the perils, the prospects, the purposes of our program and the choices that we face.

No President should fear public scrutiny of his program. For from that scrutiny comes understanding; and from that understanding comes support or opposition and both are necessary. I am not asking your newspapers to support the Administration, but I am asking your help in the tremendous task of informing and alerting the American people. For I have complete confidence in the response and dedication of our citizens whenever they are fully informed.

I not only could not stifle controversy among your readers--I welcome it. This Administration intends to be candid about its errors; for as a wise man once said: "An error does not become a mistake until you refuse to correct it." We intend to accept full responsibility for our errors and we expect you to point them out when we miss them.

Without debate, without criticism, no Administration and no country can succeed and no republic can survive. That is why the Athenian lawmaker Solon decreed it a crime for any citizen to shrink from controversy. And that is why our press was protected by the First Amendment-- the only business in America specifically protected by the Constitution--not primarily to amuse and entertain, not to emphasize the trivial and the sentimental, not to simply "give the public what it wants"--but to inform, to arouse, to reflect, to state our dangers and our opportunities, to indicate our crises and our choices, to lead, mold, educate and sometimes even anger public opinion.

This means greater coverage and analysis of international news--for it is no longer far away and foreign but close at hand and local. It means greater attention to improved understanding of the news as well as improved transmission. And it means, finally, that government at all levels, must meet its obligation to provide you with the fullest possible information outside the narrowest limits of national security--and we intend to do it.

It was early in the Seventeenth Century that Francis Bacon remarked on three recent inventions already transforming the world: the compass, gunpowder and the printing press. Now the links between the nations first forged by the compass have made us all citizens of the world, the hopes and threats of one becoming the hopes and threats of us all. In that one world's efforts to live together, the evolution of gunpowder to its ultimate limit has warned mankind of the terrible consequences of failure.

And so it is to the printing press--to the recorder of man's deeds, the keeper of his conscience, the courier of his news--that we look for strength and assistance, confident that with your help man will be what he was born to be: free and independent.

End
of President Kennedy's April 27, 1961 speech

_____________________________

USA - Where the "Big Government" is owned by the Private
Bank$ters, and the so-called "President's are nothing but PUPPETS that
are OWNED by these Bank$ters..... and these Bank$ters also own the Republicrats
and Demopublican political parties, as well as Congress, the Supreme Court AND
America's Military and "Military Industrial Complex" - just what
President Eisenhower warned us about in 1961 and President Kennedy attempted to
stop in his Presidency, and why these criminal Bank$ters murdered President
Kennedy.

The Bank$ters, their minions and track record are proof positive they are
attempting to now implement their New World Order, and their first step - just
like every other NAZI/Fascist regime, is to take the people's means to defend
themselves and their families..... to take their guns.

Iceland and their citizens are now free from; financial tyranny, financial
slavery, debt and preventing their citizens from becoming slaves to the
crime syndicate led by the Rothschilds, Rockefellers and THEIR New World Order -
that still own America's "private bank" - the "Federal
Reserve" that is no more "Federal" than "Federal
Express."

Nat
Rothschild a/k/a "Puggy" - a
"spooky freak of nature" and New World Order Nazi Scum

US
Government Found GUILTY Of
Murdering Martin Luther King Jr

.

The Turning Point - Full Film

The New World Order a/k/a
the International Bankers

The
International Bankers:

The
Federal Reserve - NOT America's Bank

The Federal Reserve is Owned By the International Bankers

David
Rockefeller & Rockefeller Family

The
Rothschilds

The
Bank of England

and
managed and controlled by:

The
Trilateral Commission

The
Council on Foreign Relations

George
Soros

The Federal
Reserve is the
Biggest Fraud Ever Perpetrated
Against America and Americans

The Abolish the Federal Reserve Act, H.R. 833
as Introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by Dr. Ron Paul

Before the US House of Representatives, February 4, 2009, introducing the The
Federal Reserve Board Abolition Act, H.R. 833.

Madame
Speaker, I rise to introduce legislation to restore financial stability to
America's economy by abolishing the Federal Reserve. Since the creation of the
Federal Reserve, middle and working-class Americans have been victimized by a
boom-and-bust monetary policy. In addition, most Americans have suffered a
steadily eroding purchasing power because of the Federal Reserve's inflationary
policies. This represents a real, if hidden, tax imposed on the American people.

From
the Great Depression, to the stagflation of the seventies, to the current
economic crisis caused by the housing bubble, every economic downturn suffered
by this country over the past century can be traced to Federal Reserve policy.
The Fed has followed a consistent policy of flooding the economy with easy
money, leading to a misallocation of resources and an artificial
"boom" followed by a recession or depression when the Fed-created
bubble bursts.

With
a stable currency, American exporters will no longer be held hostage to an
erratic monetary policy. Stabilizing the currency will also give Americans new
incentives to save as they will no longer have to fear inflation eroding their
savings. Those members concerned about increasing America's exports or the low
rate of savings should be enthusiastic supporters of this legislation.

Though
the Federal Reserve policy harms the average American, it benefits those in a
position to take advantage of the cycles in monetary policy. The main
beneficiaries are those who receive access to artificially inflated money and/or
credit before the inflationary effects of the policy impact the entire economy.
Federal Reserve policies also benefit big spending politicians who use the
inflated currency created by the Fed to hide the true costs of the
welfare-warfare state. It is time for Congress to put the interests of the
American people ahead of special interests and their own appetite for big
government.

Abolishing
the Federal Reserve will allow Congress to reassert its constitutional authority
over monetary policy. The United States Constitution grants to Congress the
authority to coin money and regulate the value of the currency. The Constitution
does not give Congress the authority to delegate control over monetary policy to
a central bank. Furthermore, the Constitution certainly does not empower the
federal government to erode the American standard of living via an inflationary
monetary policy.

In
fact, Congress' constitutional mandate regarding monetary policy should only
permit currency backed by stable commodities such as silver and gold to be used
as legal tender. Therefore, abolishing the Federal Reserve and returning to a
constitutional system will enable America to return to the type of monetary
system envisioned by our nation's founders: one where the value of money is
consistent because it is tied to a commodity such as gold. Such a monetary
system is the basis of a true free-market economy.

In
conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to stand up for working Americans
by putting an end to the manipulation of the money supply which erodes
Americans' standard of living, enlarges big government, and enriches
well-connected elites, by cosponsoring my legislation to abolish the Federal
Reserve.

_____________________________________________

Question:
Why wasn't Dr. Paul's Federal Reserve Board Abolition Act (above) UNANIMOUSLY
Passed by ALL in the House, Senate and signed into Law by the President????

The Federal Reserve is the Biggest Fraud ever perpetrated on Americans
The Federal Reserve "owns" America, the economy and every person.
You will never know freedom, liberty, prosperity or justice, until
the Federal Reserve is Abolished!

Give
me liberty, or give me death. Without liberty, there is no life.
Now is the time for all good men (and women) to come to the aid of their
country!

And a crime so serious, even the "Puppet Presidents" (every President starting with Lyndon Baines Johnson is a
"Puppet") of the "international banksters," if tried and convicted, face
the death penalty.

Not only did the Demonrats STEAL the last Presidential election (Nov 2012) they have
stolen
many elections. The voting machines are rigged. Rigged by computer programmers to "fix" the elections as determined by
the Puppet Masters - the international banksters / new world order.

Proven voting fraud in elections in U.S.A.

Government programmer testifies voting machines are rigging
elections. Watch the
following testimony in the Ohio State Legislature:

Rep. Tom Feeney
(Fmr. Speaker of The House in Florida) employed this man;
Clifton Eugene Curtis
from Oviedo, FL to "rig" elections and flip them 51% to 49%. Exit polling data was proven to be significantly
different than the published results. Rep. Feeney was also the lobbyist for Yang Enterprises,
the company who delivered the program.

There
will NEVER be "peace, prosperity and liberty" as long as
international bankers and foreigners "own" America, Americans
and an Illegal and Unconstitutional Federal Reserve exists.

The Federal Reserve, a PRIVATE Corporation, "owned"
NOT by the U.S. Government, but the International Bankers,
(Rockefeller's, Rothschild's, etc.) Prints
"Worthless" Paper (Federal Reserve Notes) out of thin air.

You may not have heard much about it, but there’s a rapidly growing movement
sweeping most of the 50 state's governments and legislatures to fight back
against "federal tyranny" that will reassert each state's own "sovereignty" and stop the uncontrolled expansion of federal government power.

Already,
nearly half of the state legislatures are currently considering or
having their elected representatives prepare to introduce resolutions to reassert the principles of the 9th and 10th Amendments and the idea that federal power is strictly limited to specific areas detailed in the Constitution and that all other governmental authority rests with the states.

In the version of this bill being considered in Washington state, they appeal to the authority of James Madison in The Federalist who wrote:

”The powers delegated to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the state governments are numerous and indefinite. The former will be exercised principally on external objects, [such] as war, peace, negotiation, and foreign commerce. The powers reserved to the several states will extend to all the objects which, in the ordinary course of affairs, concern the lives, liberties, and properties of the people.”

The Founders believed in a balance between state and federal power. The state sovereignty movement clearly arises from the belief that the balance of power has tilted too far and for too long in the direction of the federal government and that it’s time to restore that lose balance.

______________________________

"The bank hath benefit of interest on all moneys which it creates out of nothing."
~ William Paterson, founder of the Bank of England in 1694, then a privately owned bank.

"Let me issue and control a nation's money and I care not who writes the laws."
~ Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744 - 1812) and founder of the House of Rothschild.

"The few who understand the system will either be so interested in its profits or be so dependent upon its
favors that there will be no opposition from that class, while on the other hand, the great body of people, mentally incapable of comprehending the tremendous advantage that capital derives from the system, will bear its burdens without complaint, and perhaps without even suspecting that the system is inimical to their interests."
~ The Rothschild brothers of London writing to associates in New York, 1863.

"Banking was conceived in iniquity and was born in sin. The Bankers own the Earth. Take it away from them, but leave them the power to create deposits, and with the flick of a pen they will create enough deposits to buy it back again. However, take it away from them, and all the fortunes like mine will disappear, and they ought to disappear, for this world would be a happier and better world to live in. But if you wish to remain slaves of the Bankers and pay for the cost of your own slavery, let them continue to create deposits."
~ Sir Josiah Stamp, President of the Bank of England in the 1920s, the second richest man in
Britain

"I am afraid the ordinary citizen will not like to be told that the banks can and do create money. And they who control the credit of the nation direct the policy of Governments and hold in the hollow of their hand the destiny of the people."
~ Reginald McKenna, as Chairman of the Midland Bank, addressing stockholders in
1924

"The banks do create money. They have been doing it for a long time, but they didn't realise it, and they did not admit it. Very few did. You will find it in all sorts of documents, financial textbooks, etc. But in the intervening years, and we must be perfectly frank about these things, there has been a development of thought, until today I doubt very much whether you would get many prominent bankers to attempt to deny that banks create it."
~ H W White, Chairman of the Associated Banks of New Zealand, to the New Zealand Monetary Commission,
1955

"I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies." ~ Thomas Jefferson, US President 1801 -
1809

"When a government is dependent upon bankers for money, they and not the leaders of the government control the situation, since the hand that gives is above the hand that takes. Money has no motherland; financiers are without patriotism and without decency; their sole object is gain."~ Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France.

"If the American people ever allow private banks to control issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and the corporations will grow up around them, will deprive the people of all property until their children wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs."~ Thomas Jefferson in the debate over The Re-charter of the Bank Bill
(1809)

"Money plays the largest part in determining the course of history."~ Karl Marx writing in the Communist Manifesto (1848)

"The government should create, issue and circulate all the currency and credits needed to satisfy the spending power of the government and the buying power of consumers. By adoption of these principles, the taxpayers will be saved immense sums of interest. Money will cease to be master and become the servant of humanity."~ Abraham Lincoln, US President 1861 - 1865. He created government issue money during the American Civil War and was
assassinated in 1865 by John Wilkes Booth

"The death of Lincoln was a disaster for Christendom. There was no man in the United States great enough to wear his boots and the bankers went anew to grab the riches. I fear that foreign bankers with their craftiness and tortuous tricks will entirely control the exuberant riches of America and use it to systematically corrupt
civilization."~ Otto von Bismark (1815-1898), German Chancellor, after the Lincoln
assassination

"That this House considers that the continued issue of all the means of exchange - be they coin, bank-notes or credit, largely passed on by cheques - by private firms as an interest-bearing debt against the public should cease forthwith; that the Sovereign power and duty of issuing money in all forms should be returned to the Crown, then to be put into circulation free of all debt and interest
obligations."~ Captain Henry Kerby MP, in an Early Day Motion tabled in
1964

"Banks lend by creating credit. They create the means of payment out of nothing."~ Ralph M Hawtry, former Secretary to the Treasury

"our whole monetary system is dishonest, as it is debt-based... We did not vote for it. It grew upon us gradually but markedly since 1971 when the commodity-based system was abandoned."~ The Earl of Caithness, in a speech to the House of Lords,
1997

"Money is a new form of slavery, and distinguishable from the old simply by the fact that it is impersonal - that there is no human relation between master and slave."~ Leo Tolstoy, Russian author and writer

"It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our banking and money system, for if they did, I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning."~ Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company

"The modern banking system manufactures money out of nothing. The process is, perhaps, the most astounding piece of sleight of hand that was ever invented. Banks can in fact inflate, mint and un-mint the modern ledger-entry currency."~ Major L L B Angus

"The study of money, above all other fields in economics, is one in which complexity is used to disguise truth or to evade truth, not to reveal it. The process by which banks create money is so simple the mind is repelled. With something so important, a deeper mystery seems only decent."~ John Kenneth Galbraith (1908 - 2006 ) former professor of economics at Harvard, writing in 'Money: Whence it came, where it went'
(1975)

Just because the Federal Reserve calls itself "Federal" does NOT
make them a part of our Federal government. In fact, the Federal Reserve
is no more "Federal" than the "Federal Express"
Corporation!

Here's
what the United States 9th Circuit Court ruled in 1982

"Examining the organization and function of the Federal Reserve Banks, and applying the relevant factors, we conclude that the Reserve Banks are not federal instrumentalities for purposes of the FTCA, but are independent, privately-owned and locally controlled corporations."
Lewis vs. U.S., 680 F. 2d 1239, 1241

"We have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Banks. Some people think the Federal Reserve Banks are U.S. government institutions. They are not government institutions. They are private credit monopolies; domestic swindlers, rich and predatory money lenders which prey upon the people of the united States for the benefit of themselves and their foreign customers. The Federal Reserve Banks are the agents of the foreign central banks. The truth is the Federal Reserve Board has usurped the Government of the United States by the arrogant credit monopoly which operates the Federal Reserve Board."
~ Congressman Louis T. McFadden, Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Committee, speech on the floor of the House of Representatives, June 10,
1932

"In the united States we have, in effect, two governments....... We have the duly constituted
Government...... and then we have an independent, uncontrolled and uncoordinated government in the Federal Reserve System, operating the money powers which are reserved to Congress by the Constitution."
~ Congressman Wright Patmann, Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Committee,
speech in 1967 at the U.S. House of Representatives

"Most Americans have no real understanding of the operation of the international money
lenders....... The accounts of the Federal Reserve System have never been audited. It operates outside the control of
the U.S. Congress and manipulates the credit of the United States." ~ U.S.
Senator Barry Goldwater

"Federal Reserve Notes are illegal" U.S. Representative Dr. Ron Paul

"These international bankers and Rockefeller-Standard Oil interests control the majority of newspapers and the columns of these papers to club into submission or drive out of public office officials who refuse to do the bidding of the powerful corrupt cliques which compose the invisible government."
~ President Teddy Roosevelt

______________________________

President
John F. Kennedy's "The President and the Press" Speech
Better known as his "Secret Societies" Speech
April 27, 1961
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
New York

About
2 1/2 years before his murder / assassination, President Kennedy delivered his powerful
"Secret Societies" speech at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York
City at the National News Publishers Association on April 27, 1961. In
this speech, President Kennedy called for the end to "secret societies" in
our federal government. It is suspected by many, that this attack on the
"secret societies" caused the secret societies to cause President
Kennedy's death by assassination.

The
"secret societies" include the Bilderbergs, Bohemian Grove, Free
Masons, Skull and Bones, the Federal Reserve, and the Fed's owners, the
international "banksters" that include the Rockefellers, Rothschilds
and Bank of England and Bank of International Settlements.

Many
believe that President Kennedy was our last "real" President, with
every President since President Kennedy being a "puppet" President,
hand selected by the secret societies. President Kennedy's powerful speech
begins below and the following is a complete transcript.

Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen:

I appreciate very much your generous invitation to be here tonight.

You bear heavy responsibilities these days and an article I read some time ago reminded me of how particularly heavily the burdens of present day events bear upon your profession.

You may remember that in 1851 the New York Herald Tribune under the sponsorship and publishing of Horace Greeley, employed as its London correspondent an obscure journalist by the name of Karl Marx.

We are told that foreign correspondent Marx, stone broke, and with a family ill and undernourished, constantly appealed to Greeley and managing editor Charles Dana for an increase in his munificent salary of $5 per installment, a salary which he and Engels ungratefully labeled as the "lousiest petty bourgeois cheating."

But when all his financial appeals were refused, Marx looked around for other means of livelihood and fame, eventually terminating his relationship with the Tribune and devoting his talents full time to the cause that would bequeath to the world the seeds of Leninism, Stalinism, revolution and the cold war.

If only this capitalistic New York newspaper had treated him more kindly; if only Marx had remained a foreign correspondent, history might have been different. And I hope all publishers will bear this lesson in mind the next time they receive a poverty-stricken appeal for a small increase in the expense account from an obscure newspaper man.

I have selected as the title of my remarks tonight "The President and the Press." Some may suggest that this would be more naturally worded "The President Versus the Press." But those are not my sentiments tonight.

It is true, however, that when a well-known diplomat from another country demanded recently that our State Department repudiate certain newspaper attacks on his colleague it was unnecessary for us to reply that this Administration was not responsible for the press, for the press had already made it clear that it was not responsible for this Administration.

Nevertheless, my purpose here tonight is not to deliver the usual assault on the so-called one party press. On the contrary, in recent months I have rarely heard any complaints about political bias in the press except from a few Republicans. Nor is it my purpose tonight to discuss or defend the televising of Presidential press conferences. I think it is highly beneficial to have some 20,000,000 Americans regularly sit in on these conferences to observe, if I may say so, the incisive, the intelligent and the courteous qualities displayed by your Washington correspondents.

Nor, finally, are these remarks intended to examine the proper degree of privacy which the press should allow to any President and his family.

If in the last few months your White House reporters and photographers have been attending church services with regularity, that has surely done them no harm.

On the other hand, I realize that your staff and wire service photographers may be complaining that they do not enjoy the same green privileges at the local golf courses which they once did.

It is true that my predecessor did not object as I do to pictures of one's golfing skill in action. But neither on the other hand did he ever bean a Secret Service man.

My topic tonight is a more sober one of concern to publishers as well as editors.

I want to talk about our common responsibilities in the face of a common danger. The events of recent weeks may have helped to illuminate that challenge for some; but the dimensions of its threat have loomed large on the horizon for many years. Whatever our hopes may be for the future--for reducing this threat or living with it--there is no escaping either the gravity or the totality of its challenge to our survival and to our security--a challenge that confronts us in unaccustomed ways in every sphere of human activity.

This deadly challenge imposes upon our society two requirements of direct concern both to the press and to the President--two requirements that may seem almost contradictory in tone, but which must be reconciled and fulfilled if we are to meet this national peril. I refer, first, to the need for far greater public information; and, second, to the need for far greater official secrecy.

The very word "secrecy" is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify it. Even today, there is little value in opposing the threat of a closed society by imitating its arbitrary restrictions. Even today, there is little value in insuring the survival of our nation if our traditions do not survive with it. And there is very grave danger that an announced need for increased security will be seized upon by those anxious to expand its meaning to the very limits of official censorship and concealment. That I do not intend to permit to the extent that it’s in my control. And no official of my Administration, whether his rank is high or low, civilian or military, should interpret my words here tonight as an excuse to censor the news, to stifle dissent, to cover up our mistakes or to withhold from the press and the public the facts they deserve to know.

But I do ask every publisher, every editor, and every newsman in the nation to reexamine his own standards, and to recognize the nature of our country's peril. In time of war, the government and the press have customarily joined in an effort based largely on self-discipline, to prevent unauthorized disclosures to the enemy. In times of "clear and present danger," the courts have held that even the privileged rights of the First Amendment must yield to the public's need for national security.

Today no war has been declared and however fierce the struggle may be, it may never be declared in the traditional fashion. Our way of life is under attack. Those who make themselves our enemy are advancing around the globe. The survival of our friends is in danger. And yet no war has been declared, no borders have been crossed by marching troops, no missiles have been fired.

If the press is awaiting a declaration of war before it imposes the self-discipline of combat conditions, then I can only say that no war ever posed a greater threat to our security. If you are awaiting a finding of "clear and present danger," then I can only say that the danger has never been more clear and its presence has never been more imminent.

It requires a change in outlook, a change in tactics, a change in missions--by the government, by the people, by every businessman or labor leader, and by every newspaper. For we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covert means for expanding its sphere of influence--on infiltration instead of invasion, on subversion instead of elections, on intimidation instead of free choice, on guerrillas by night instead of armies by day. It is a system which has conscripted vast human and material resources into the building of a tightly knit, highly efficient machine that combines military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, scientific and political operations.

Its preparations are concealed, not published. Its mistakes are buried, not headlined. Its dissenters are silenced, not praised. No expenditure is questioned, no rumor is printed, no secret is revealed. It conducts the Cold War, in short, with a war-time discipline no democracy would ever hope or wish to match.

Nevertheless, every democracy recognizes the necessary restraints of national security--and the question remains whether those restraints need to be more strictly observed if we are to oppose this kind of attack as well as outright invasion.

For the facts of the matter are that this nation's foes have openly boasted of acquiring through our newspapers information they would otherwise hire agents to acquire through theft, bribery or espionage; that details of this nation's covert preparations to counter the enemy's covert operations have been available to every newspaper reader, friend and foe alike; that the size, the strength, the location and the nature of our forces and weapons, and our plans and strategy for their use, have all been pinpointed in the press and other news media to a degree sufficient to satisfy any foreign power; and that, in at least in one case, the publication of details concerning a secret mechanism whereby satellites were followed required its alteration at the expense of considerable time and money.

The newspapers which printed these stories were loyal, patriotic, responsible and well-meaning. Had we been engaged in open warfare, they undoubtedly would not have published such items. But in the absence of open warfare, they recognized only the tests of journalism and not the tests of national security. And my question tonight is whether additional tests should not now be adopted.

That question is for you alone to answer. No public official should answer it for you. No governmental plan should impose its restraints against your will. But I would be failing in my duty to the nation, in considering all of the responsibilities that we now bear and all of the means at hand to meet those responsibilities, if I did not commend this problem to your attention, and urge its thoughtful consideration.

On many earlier occasions, I have said--and your newspapers have constantly said--that these are times that appeal to every citizen's sense of sacrifice and self-discipline. They call out to every citizen to weigh his rights and comforts against his obligations to the common good. I cannot now believe that those citizens who serve in the newspaper business consider themselves exempt from that appeal.

I have no intention of establishing a new Office of War Information to govern the flow of news. I am not suggesting any new forms of censorship or new types of security classifications. I have no easy answer to the dilemma that I have posed, and would not seek to impose it if I had one. But I am asking the members of the newspaper profession and the industry in this country to reexamine their own responsibilities, to consider the degree and the nature of the present danger, and to heed the duty of self-restraint which that danger imposes upon us all.

Every newspaper now asks itself, with respect to every story: "Is it news?" All I suggest is that you add the question: "Is it in the interest of the national security?" And I hope that every group in America--unions and businessmen and public officials at every level will ask the same question of their endeavors, and subject their actions to the same exacting tests.

And should the press of America consider and recommend the voluntary assumption of specific new steps or machinery, I can assure you that we will cooperate whole-heartedly with those recommendations.

Perhaps there will be no recommendations. Perhaps there is no answer to the dilemma faced by a free and open society in a cold and secret war. In times of peace, any discussion of this subject, and any action that results, are both painful and without precedent. But this is a time of peace and peril which knows no precedent in history.

It is the unprecedented nature of this challenge that also gives rise to your second obligation--an obligation which I share and that is our obligation to inform and alert the American people to make certain that they possess all the facts that they need, and understand them as well--the perils, the prospects, the purposes of our program and the choices that we face.

No President should fear public scrutiny of his program. For from that scrutiny comes understanding; and from that understanding comes support or opposition and both are necessary. I am not asking your newspapers to support the Administration, but I am asking your help in the tremendous task of informing and alerting the American people. For I have complete confidence in the response and dedication of our citizens whenever they are fully informed.

I not only could not stifle controversy among your readers--I welcome it. This Administration intends to be candid about its errors; for as a wise man once said: "An error does not become a mistake until you refuse to correct it." We intend to accept full responsibility for our errors and we expect you to point them out when we miss them.

Without debate, without criticism, no Administration and no country can succeed and no republic can survive. That is why the Athenian lawmaker Solon decreed it a crime for any citizen to shrink from controversy. And that is why our press was protected by the First Amendment-- the only business in America specifically protected by the Constitution--not primarily to amuse and entertain, not to emphasize the trivial and the sentimental, not to simply "give the public what it wants"--but to inform, to arouse, to reflect, to state our dangers and our opportunities, to indicate our crises and our choices, to lead, mold, educate and sometimes even anger public opinion.

This means greater coverage and analysis of international news--for it is no longer far away and foreign but close at hand and local. It means greater attention to improved understanding of the news as well as improved transmission. And it means, finally, that government at all levels, must meet its obligation to provide you with the fullest possible information outside the narrowest limits of national security--and we intend to do it.

It was early in the Seventeenth Century that Francis Bacon remarked on three recent inventions already transforming the world: the compass, gunpowder and the printing press. Now the links between the nations first forged by the compass have made us all citizens of the world, the hopes and threats of one becoming the hopes and threats of us all. In that one world's efforts to live together, the evolution of gunpowder to its ultimate limit has warned mankind of the terrible consequences of failure.

And so it is to the printing press--to the recorder of man's deeds, the keeper of his conscience, the courier of his news--that we look for strength and assistance, confident that with your help man will be what he was born to be: free and independent.

End
of President Kennedy's April 27, 1961 speech

Is the Enemy in the White
House Demon-possessed?

Bring
our boys home from the middle-east,
no more American blood wasted on heathens
& infidels!

Let the uncivilized,
war-mongering muslim heathens
do their own fighting and kill each other.

The
Federal Reserve Bank - an Illegal, Unconstitutional Private Corporation, that
has been Stealing Americans "Blind" Since the Federal Reserve Act was
Passed (in Congressional Christmas "Recess") in 1913.

Whoever controls the volume of money in our country is absolute master of all
industry and commerce. When you realize that the entire system is very easily
controlled, one way or another, by a few powerful men at the top, you will not
have to be told how periods of inflation and depression originate.

~ James Garfield,
20th President of the United Stated
Assassinated, 1881

The information below is a quote from Representative Louis T. McFadden, who was elected to Congress in 1914 and served until 1934. While in Congress, he served as the Chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency for 12 years, and the following speech was delivered by McFadden while in Congress, and is quoted from the Congressional Record. It should be noted that he died from "mysterious" causes and twice before his death, there were two assassination attempts on him. Many consider Rep. Louis McFadden to be an American "hero" for his attempts to abolish the Federal Reserve.

The following is the speech by Rep. Louis T. McFadden, as read into the U.S. Congressional Record:

"The Federal Reserve Board, ..., has cheated the Government of the United States and the people of the United States out of enough money to pay the national debt...Our people's money to the extend of $1,200,000,000 has within the last few months been shipped abroad to redeem Federal Reserve Notes and to pay other gambling debts of the traitorous Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve
Banks.

SUMMARY OF QUICK FACTS ABOUT THE FEDERAL RESERVE

1. The Federal Reserve (or "The Fed") is a PRIVATELY OWNED corporation.

Below is the list of the owners of the 12 Central Banks in the USA:
- Rothschild Bank of London
- Rothschild Bank of Berlin
- Lazard Brothers of Paris
- Israel Moses Seif Banks of Italy
- Warburg Bank of Amsterdam
- Warburg Bank of Hamburg
- Lehman Brothers of New York
- Kuhn Loeb Bank of New York
- Goldman, Sachs of New York
- Chase Manhattan Bank of New York

In all, there are about 300 VERY POWERFUL, partly foreign individuals that owns America's Central Bank, but it is NOT owned or operated by the Citizens of the United States of America - it is a PRIVATELY OWNED corporation.

2. Although the FED is required to give back most of its PROFITS back to the Treasury Dept., there is NO ORGANIZATION that has the power to AUDIT the FED (not even the Congress or the IRS). This creates a HUGE opportunity for "creative accounting" to hide the profit that ROBS the
U.S. Tax Payers of hundreds of billions of dollars, in for TRILLIONS of dollars EVERY YEAR.

3. Every year, a few Congressmen introduced a legislation to AUDIT the FED, and every year, the legislation is defeated. The owners of the FED is the most powerful, invisible lobbying power there is.

4. The owners of the FED own the controlling interests in ALL major media in the
U.S. Rockefeller, through Chase Manhattan bank, controls CBS and ABC and 28 other broadcasting firms. Each of the other owners of the FED also have controlling interest in the
U.S. media - that only serves to report the news they (the "elites")
want you to know about.

This explains why the media have been silent about the FED scam.

The FED fraud is
the biggest
fraud and the longest cover-up in the
U.S. today!

5. According to Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution, the U.S. Congress has the power to print money:
"The Congress shall have the power...to coin money, regulate the value
thereof."

According to the Supreme Court, the Congress can
NOT transfer its power to other organizations like the Federal Reserve.

HISTORY OF THE FED

After several attempts to push the Federal Reserve Banking Act through Congress, a group of bankers funded and staffed Woodrow Wilson's campaign for President.

In 1913, Nelson Aldrich, maternal grandfather to the Rockefellers, pushed the Federal Reserve Act through Congress just before Christmas, when most Congressmen were on vacation. Naturally, president Wilson passed the Act when he was elected as a pay back to the bankers.

HOW THE OWNERS OF THE FED PROFIT AT OUR EXPENSE

The U.S. government runs a huge deficit every year - this past year, over 1 Trillion dollars. To cover this deficit, the U.S. government issues bonds which are bought by the FED.

Despite what the U.S. Constitution says about who is responsible for printing America's currency, the private corporation - the FED, since 1913 has the exclusive POWER TO PRINT AMERICA'S MONEY, and the FED can buy any amount of the
U.S. Government bonds at almost NO COST, except for the cost of printing the "money" which costs about 3 cents / $100.

At this point, the owners of the FED already profit $99.97 for every 3 cents they invested to print the money. Basically, they exchange something that costs almost nothing to them with the
U.S. Government Bonds the FED purchased from "OUR" federal government.

Since the FED can NOT be AUDITED by the IRS (or even by the U.S. Congress) most of THEIR profits can go anywhere the FED's owners want THEIR profits to go to - and these profits are NOT taxed!

After buying the bonds, the owner of the FED can either:

1. Keep the bonds, and collect the interest the U.S. Government now OWES them.
2. Sell the bonds to the U.S. Tax Payers or foreigners.

In either case, the FED owners have profited $99.97 for every 3 cents it invested to print the money. Remember, the FED is a PRIVATELY OWNED corporation, just like the Federal Express. The profit of the FED goes to the FED owners.

The U.S. Government now owes the FED owners the interest on those bonds. Remember that the FED owners DO NOT EARN the bonds. They simply PRINT the money to buy the bonds. In other words, they created money out of thin air, and exchange it for the interest bearing bonds.

In order to pay for the bonds' interest, the U.S. Government taxes the U.S. population.

When a U.S. Citizen holding U.S. Government bonds receives his/her return of investment on the bonds, essentially the money he/she receives is the tax money he/she is paying to the Government.

When the OWNERS of the FED receives the interest on the BONDS they're holding, they are receiving that money for FREE
- except for the initial $0.03 cents/$100 investment to print the money! Not only that, the FED owners receive the money TAX FREE.

Under the LAW, the FED is REQUIRED to RETURN its PROFIT back to the U.S. Treasury. However, NEITHER the Congress NOR the IRS have the POWER to AUDIT the FED. The FED has used this obvious loophole to profit via 'creative accounting'.

Consider this: every year, the FED profits by hundreds of billions of dollars by buying
U.S. Government Bonds. Yet it only returns ~$20 billion to the U.S. Treasury. The rest of the profit has been spent as "Operational Expenses".

The FED expects us to believe that the FED operational expenses amounts to $100's billion dollars annually!!!

The truth is, those profits were spent as "DIVIDENDS TO SHAREHOLDERS"!!!!

Year after year, the FED owners bleed the U.S. Tax Payer dry by hundreds of billions of dollars. Keep this going, and the
U.S. will go bankrupt in a few more years. Small wonder why the National Debt is increasing at its current rate.

WHY AMERICANS SHOULD ABOLISH THE FEDERAL RESERVE AND TAKE BACK OUR BANKING
SYSTEM:

1. The U.S. Congress has the option to buy back the FED at $450 millions (per Congressional Records).
When the Congress does this, it will own back the billions of U.S. Government Bonds held by the FED.
The U.S. Government will actually PROFIT by buying back the FED! Also, the
U.S. government no longer has to pay interests to the FED owners on those bonds.

2. Through their ownerships in the FED, FOREIGN POWERS CAN and WILL influence the
U.S. economy. By controlling our interest rates and money supply, they can actually create economic disaster in the
U.S., should the U.S. disagree with them.

3. Although the FED directors must be confirmed by the Senate, the awesome lobbying power of the FED owners makes this process meaningless. The owners of the FED can and will put whoever they wish in the position.

4. Abolishing the FED will lead to lower inflation. At this moment, the FED prints as much money as needed to buy the
U.S. Government Bonds. Since the FED prints this MONEY out of THIN AIR, this leads to an INCREASE of MONEY SUPPLY, WITHOUT increase in GOODS/SERVICES. This, as all of us know it, leads to INFLATION.

If the general public buy those bonds with money that they EARNED by providing GOODS/SERVICES, the money supply level is constant in relation to the goods/services level. Thus, there is no inflationary pressure from selling these bonds.

5. Abolishing the FED will reduce the national debt level. By buying back the FED at $450 millions, the
U.S. Government will buy back the billions of dollars of bonds held by the FED. Thus, the net effect is a reduction in national debt. After buying back the FED, the
U.S. Government does not have to pay interest on those bonds it buys back, further reducing the national debt.

6. Abolishing the FED will lead to eventual balance budget. Today, even if the U.S.
Economy only grows by a meager 2%/yr, the U.S. Government should be able to put 2% of
U.S.' GDP dollars into circulation WITHOUT INFLATION.

Consider, if the goods/services grow by 2% and the money supply grows by 2%, the ratio of goods/services vs. money supply remains constant. Thus, no inflation is created.

The government can use this extra money supply to fund its project without raising taxes.

As long as the government does not print money more than the goods and services available in the
U.S., there will be no inflationary pressures.

This had in fact been done with Executive Order 11110 of President Kennedy. Kennedy ordered the Treasury Dept. to print a
U.S. GOVERNMENT NOTES (vs. the "private corporation's Federal Reserve Notes). In effect, Kennedy bypassed the FED by making the Treasury Department
print "REAL" U.S. MONEY, instead of selling bonds to the FED for almost
free, and for the FED to ILLEGALLY "profit" from the American people.

The sad fact is, the U.S. Government does not do this anymore. Instead, the U.S.
Government sell bonds to the FED, which buys those bonds using money they don't earn. Thus, the
U.S. Government must now pay interest on those money that it "borrows" from the FED.

7. By point (6) above, the U.S. Government can actually reduce taxes on everybody since it has more interest free money to spent in the amount equal to the growth of the
U.S.' GDP. REMEMBER!!!! THIS "REAL" MONEY WILL NOT CAUSE INFLATION, since the money is printed along with the growth of the goods and services.

What you can do to save the United States of America

The FED should either be AUDITED every year, or be abolished.

We believe the FED should be ABOLISHED as it is UN-constitutional to begin with as OUR Constitution states our Treasury Department, which is "owned" by the Citizens of the USA, is to print our currency and mint our coins, NOT A SEPARATE, PRIVATELY OWNED CORPORATION MADE UP OF THE "ELITES OF THE ELITE" - or so they think they
are - and their "controlled" media and news corporations that spew
garbage and totally biased "news."

We suggest you do the following:

1. DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH!!!!

Read the following:

a. U.S. Congressional Record
b. "The Federal Reserve Bank" by H.S. Kenan
c. "Repeal the Federal Reserve Bank" by Rev. Casimir Frank Gierut
d. "The Secrets of the Federal Reserve" by Mullins
e. "The Creature from Jekyll Island" by G. Edward Griffin
f. "End the Fed" by Dr. Ron Paul

This
is a MUST WATCH: "The Money Masters" Video. It's 3 ˝
hours in length, but provides EVERYTHING you need to know about the "Evil
Empire" which is the Federal Reserve. You can download the Money Masters
video from the following link.

“The Tenth Amendment was intended to confirm the understanding of the people at the time the Constitution was adopted, that powers not granted to the United States were reserved to the States or to the people. It added nothing to the instrument as originally ratified.” – United States v. Sprague, 282 U.S. 716, 733 (1931).

The founding fathers had good reason to pen the Tenth Amendment.

The issue of power – and especially the great potential for a power struggle between the federal and the state governments – was extremely important to the America’s founders. They deeply distrusted government power, and their goal was to prevent the growth of the type of government that the British has exercised over the colonies.

Adoption of the Constitution of 1787 was opposed by a number of well-known patriots including Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and others. They passionately argued that the Constitution would eventually lead to a strong, centralized state power which would destroy the individual liberty of the People. Many in this movement were given the poorly-named tag “Anti-Federalists.”

The Tenth Amendment was added to the Constitution of 1787 largely because of the intellectual influence and personal persistence of the Anti-Federalists and their allies.

It’s quite clear that the Tenth Amendment was written to emphasize the limited nature of the powers delegated to the federal government. In delegating just specific powers to the federal government, the states and the people, with some small exceptions, were free to continue exercising their sovereign powers.

When states and local communities take the lead on policy, the people are that much closer to the policymakers, and policymakers are that much more accountable to the people. Few Americans have spoken with their president; many have spoken with their mayor.

Adherence to the Tenth Amendment is the first step towards ensuring liberty in the United States. Liberty through decentralization.

______________________________

"Educate
and inform the whole mass of the people... They are the only sure
reliance for the preservation of our liberty."
~ Thomas Jefferson

"All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do
nothing."
~ Edmund Burke

People crushed by law, have no hopes but from power. If laws are their
enemies, they will be enemies to laws; and those who have much to hope and
nothing to lose, will always be dangerous.
~ Edmund Burke

"A constitution of government, once changed from freedom, can never be
restored.
Liberty, once lost, is lost forever"
~ John Adams

"When the people fear their government there is tyranny;
when the government fears the people, there is liberty."
~ Thomas Jefferson

"Government
is Best Which Governs Least"
~ Henry David Thoreau

"the trouble with our liberal friends is not that they're ignorant;
it's just that they know so much that isn't so."
~ President Ronald Reagan

"Freedom is a fragile thing and is never more than one generation away from
extinction.
It is not our by inheritance; it must be fought for and defended constantly by
each generation,
for it comes only once to a people.
Those who have known freedom and then lost it, have never known it again."
~ President Ronald Reagan

______________________________

If
Obama's the Answer, it must have been
a REALLY, REALLYSTUPID
question!

What
Does Stupid Look Like?

Stupid
is as Stupid Does:

Let's
see how I can "Fix" America's Economy; Print Trillions of
Worthless
Dollars, NEVER Submit a Balanced Budget, Run Up $5 Trillion in New Debt,
Cause Rampant Inflation (coming very soon), Leave this Mess and Debt for
Our Children, and their Children, and their Children's Children for THEM
To
Pay Back in THEIR lifetimes over the Next 200 Years, thereby Making
America's Economy Just Like the Socialists' in Europe.

What is "the Gold Standard"?

The gold
standard is a monetary standard under which the basic unit of currency is defined by a
specific quantity (weight) of gold. The United States once had a "gold
standard" that our monetary system was based upon. A "pure" gold standard was used
by most modern countries between the years 1879 and 1914. Under the gold standard,
the participating countries' currencies were "convertible" based on its gold value. For example, if
the currency for country A was equal to 100 grains of gold, and the currency for
country Z was equal to 50 grains of gold, then 1 A was equal to 2 Z. In 1971, President Richard Nixon removed the
tie between the dollar and gold thereby ending the predominance of gold in the international monetary system.

But,
we should NOT return our America's banking system, once we abolish the Federal
Reserve, to a Gold Standard, as the thieves that own the Federal Reserve STOLE
ALL of America's Gold we HAD at Ft. Knox, by buying our gold at below-market
prices.

If
we were to return to a Gold Standard, AFTER we abolish the Federal Reserve, the
previous owners of the now defunct Federal Reserve, now having our Gold, would
still own "our money" as it would be "backed" by THEIR gold
- again, which used to be our gold.

The Following is Printed
Only for Purposes of Debate, Discussion
and a Starting Point as to Why the Federal Reserve Should be
IMMEDIATELY Abolished and Returned to the American People.

I am pleased to be able to present the H. Parker Willis Lecture in Economic Policy here at Washington and Lee University. As you may know, Willis was an important figure in the early history of my current employer, the Federal Reserve System. While he was a professor at Washington and Lee, Willis advised Senator Carter Glass of Virginia, one of the key legislators involved in the founding of the Federal Reserve. Willis also served on the National Monetary Commission, which recommended the creation of the Federal Reserve, and he went on to become the research director at the Federal Reserve from 1918 to 1922. At the Federal Reserve, Willis pushed for the development of new and better economic statistics, facing the resistance of those who took the view that too many facts only confuse the issue. Willis was also the first editor of the Federal Reserve Bulletin, the official publication of the Fed, which in Willis's time as well as today provides a wealth of economic statistics. As an illustration of the intellectual atmosphere in Washington at the time he served, Willis reported that when the first copy of the Bulletin was presented to the Secretary of the Treasury, the esteemed Secretary replied, "This Government ain't going into the newspaper business."

Like Parker Willis, I was a professor myself before coming to the Federal Reserve Board. One topic of particular interest to me as a researcher was the performance of the Federal Reserve in its early days, particularly the part played by the young U.S. central bank in the Great Depression of the 1930s.1In honor of Willis's important contribution to the design and creation of the Federal Reserve, I will speak today about the role of the Federal Reserve and of monetary factors more generally in the origin and propagation of the Great Depression. Let me offer two caveats before I begin: First, as I mentioned, H. Parker Willis resigned from the Fed in 1922, to take a post at Columbia University; thus, he is not implicated in any of the mistakes that the Federal Reserve made in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Second, the views I will express today are my own and are not necessarily those of my colleagues in the Federal Reserve System.

The number of people with personal memory of the Great Depression is fast shrinking with the years, and to most of us the Depression is conveyed by grainy, black-and-white images of men in hats and long coats standing in bread lines. However, although the Depression was long ago--October this year will mark the seventy-fifth anniversary of the famous 1929 stock market crash--its influence is still very much with us. In particular, the experience of the Depression helped forge a consensus that the government bears the important responsibility of trying to stabilize the economy and the financial system, as well as of assisting people affected by economic downturns. Dozens of our most important government agencies and programs, ranging from social security (to assist the elderly and disabled) to federal deposit insurance (to eliminate banking panics) to the Securities and Exchange Commission (to regulate financial activities) were created in the 1930s, each a legacy of the Depression.

The impact that the experience of the Depression has had on views about the role of the government in the economy is easily understood when we recall the sheer magnitude of that economic downturn. During the major contraction phase of the Depression, between 1929 and 1933, real output in the United States fell nearly 30 percent. During the same period, according to retrospective studies, the unemployment rate rose from about 3 percent to nearly 25 percent, and many of those lucky enough to have a job were able to work only part-time. For comparison, between 1973 and 1975, in what was perhaps the most severe U.S. recession of the World War II era, real output fell 3.4 percent and the unemployment rate rose from about 4 percent to about 9 percent. Other features of the 1929-33 decline included a sharp deflation--prices fell at a rate of nearly 10 percent per year during the early 1930s--as well as a plummeting stock market, widespread bank failures, and a rash of defaults and bankruptcies by businesses and households. The economy improved after Franklin D. Roosevelt's inauguration in March 1933, but unemployment remained in the double digits for the rest of the decade, full recovery arriving only with the advent of World War II. Moreover, as I will discuss later, the Depression was international in scope, affecting most countries around the world not only the United States.

What caused the Depression?

This question is a difficult one, but answering it is important if we are to draw the right lessons from the experience for economic policy. Solving the puzzle of the Depression is also crucial to the field of economics itself because of the light the solution would shed on our basic understanding of how the economy works.

During the Depression years and for many decades afterward, economists disagreed sharply on the sources of the economic and financial collapse of the 1930s. In contrast, during the past twenty years or so economic historians have come to a broad consensus about the causes of the Depression. A widening of the geographic focus of Depression research deserves much of the credit for this breakthrough. Before the 1980s, research on the causes of the Depression had considered primarily the experience of the United States. This attention to the U.S. case was appropriate to some degree, as the U.S. economy was then, as it is today, the world's largest; the decline in output and employment in the United States during the 1930s was especially severe; and many economists have argued that, to an important extent, the worldwide Depression began in the United States, spreading from here to other countries (Romer, 1993). However, in much the same way that a medical researcher cannot reliably infer the causes of an illness by studying one patient, diagnosing the causes of the Depression is easier when we have more patients (in this case, more national economies) to study. To explain the current consensus on the causes of the Depression, I will first describe the debate as it existed before 1980, and then discuss how the recent focus on international aspects of the Depression and the comparative analysis of the experiences of different countries have helped to resolve that debate.

I have already mentioned the sharp deflation of the price level that occurred during the contraction phase of the Depression, by far the most severe episode of deflation experienced in the United States before or since. Deflation, like inflation, tends to be closely linked to changes in the national money supply, defined as the sum of currency and bank deposits outstanding, and such was the case in the Depression. Like real output and prices, the U.S. money supply fell about one-third between 1929 and 1933, rising in subsequent years as output and prices rose.

While the fact that money, prices, and output all declined rapidly in the early years of the Depression is undeniable, the interpretation of that fact has been the subject of much controversy. Indeed, historically, much of the debate on the causes of the Great Depression has centered on the role of monetary factors, including both monetary policy and other influences on the national money supply, such as the condition of the banking system. Views have changed over time. During the Depression itself, and in several decades following, most economists argued that monetary factors were not an important cause of the Depression. For example, many observers pointed to the fact that nominal interest rates were close to zero during much of the Depression, concluding that monetary policy had been about as easy as possible yet had produced no tangible benefits to the economy. The attempt to use monetary policy to extricate an economy from a deep depression was often compared to "pushing on a string."

During the first decades after the Depression, most economists looked to developments on the real side of the economy for explanations, rather than to monetary factors. Some argued, for example, that overinvestment and overbuilding had taken place during the ebullient 1920s, leading to a crash when the returns on those investments proved to be less than expected. Another once-popular theory was that a chronic problem of "under-consumption"--the inability of households to purchase enough goods and services to utilize the economy's productive capacity--had precipitated the slump.

However, in 1963, Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz transformed the debate about the Great Depression. That year saw the publication of their now-classic book, A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960. The Monetary History, the name by which the book is instantly recognized by any macroeconomist, examined in great detail the relationship between changes in the national money stock--whether determined by conscious policy or by more impersonal forces such as changes in the banking system--and changes in national income and prices. The broader objective of the book was to understand how monetary forces had influenced the U.S. economy over a nearly a century. In the process of pursuing this general objective, however, Friedman and Schwartz offered important new evidence and arguments about the role of monetary factors in the Great Depression. In contradiction to the prevalent view of the time, that money and monetary policy played at most a purely passive role in the Depression, Friedman and Schwartz argued that "the [economic] contraction is in fact a tragic testimonial to the importance of monetary forces" (Friedman and Schwartz, 1963, p. 300).

To support their view that monetary forces caused the Great Depression, Friedman and Schwartz revisited the historical record and identified a series of errors--errors of both commission and omission--made by the Federal Reserve in the late 1920s and early 1930s. According to Friedman and Schwartz, each of these policy mistakes led to an undesirable tightening of monetary policy, as reflected in sharp declines in the money supply. Drawing on their historical evidence about the effects of money on the economy, Friedman and Schwartz argued that the declines in the money stock generated by Fed actions--or inactions--could account for the drops in prices and output that subsequently occurred.2
Friedman and Schwartz emphasized at least four major errors by U.S. monetary policymakers. The Fed's first grave mistake, in their view, was the tightening of monetary policy that began in the spring of 1928 and continued until the stock market crash of October 1929 (see Hamilton, 1987, or Bernanke, 2002a, for further discussion). This tightening of monetary policy in 1928 did not seem particularly justified by the macroeconomic environment: The economy was only just emerging from a recession, commodity prices were declining sharply, and there was little hint of inflation. Why then did the Federal Reserve raise interest rates in 1928? The principal reason was the Fed's ongoing concern about speculation on Wall Street. Fed policymakers drew a sharp distinction between "productive" (that is, good) and "speculative" (bad) uses of credit, and they were concerned that bank lending to brokers and investors was fueling a speculative wave in the stock market. When the Fed's attempts to persuade banks not to lend for speculative purposes proved ineffective, Fed officials decided to dissuade lending directly by raising the policy interest rate.

The market crash of October 1929 showed, if anyone doubted it, that a concerted effort by the Fed can bring down stock prices. But the cost of this "victory" was very high. According to Friedman and Schwartz, the Fed's tight-money policies led to the onset of a recession in August 1929, according to the official dating by the National Bureau of Economic Research. The slowdown in economic activity, together with high interest rates, was in all likelihood the most important source of the stock market crash that followed in October. In other words, the market crash, rather than being the cause of the Depression, as popular legend has it, was in fact largely the result of an economic slowdown and the inappropriate monetary policies that preceded it. Of course, the stock market crash only worsened the economic situation, hurting consumer and business confidence and contributing to a still deeper downturn in 1930.

The second monetary policy action identified by Friedman and Schwartz occurred in September and October of 1931. At the time, as I will discuss in more detail later, the United States and the great majority of other nations were on the gold standard, a system in which the value of each currency is expressed in terms of ounces of gold. Under the gold standard, central banks stood ready to maintain the fixed values of their currencies by offering to trade gold for money at the legally determined rate of exchange.

The fact that, under the gold standard, the value of each currency was fixed in terms of gold implied that the rate of exchange between any two currencies within the gold standard system was likewise fixed. As with any system of fixed exchange rates, the gold standard was subject to speculative attack if investors doubted the ability of a country to maintain the value of its currency at the legally specified parity. In September 1931, following a period of financial upheaval in Europe that created concerns about British investments on the Continent, speculators attacked the British pound, presenting pounds to the Bank of England and demanding gold in return. Faced with the heavy demands of speculators for gold and a widespread loss of confidence in the pound, the Bank of England quickly depleted its gold reserves. Unable to continue supporting the pound at its official value, Great Britain was forced to leave the gold standard, allowing the pound to float freely, its value determined by market forces.

With the collapse of the pound, speculators turned their attention to the U.S. dollar, which (given the economic difficulties the United States was experiencing in the fall of 1931) looked to many to be the next currency in line for devaluation. Central banks as well as private investors converted a substantial quantity of dollar assets to gold in September and October of 1931, reducing the Federal Reserve's gold reserves. The speculative attack on the dollar also helped to create a panic in the U.S. banking system.

Fearing imminent devaluation of the dollar, many foreign and domestic depositors withdrew their funds from U.S. banks in order to convert them into gold or other assets. The worsening economic situation also made depositors increasingly distrustful of banks as a place to keep their savings. During this period, deposit insurance was virtually nonexistent, so that the failure of a bank might cause depositors to lose all or most of their savings. Thus, depositors who feared that a bank might fail rushed to withdraw their funds. Banking panics, if severe enough, could become self-confirming prophecies. During the 1930s, thousands of U.S. banks experienced runs by depositors and subsequently failed.

Long-established central banking practice required that the Fed respond both to the speculative attack on the dollar and to the domestic banking panics. However, the Fed decided to ignore the plight of the banking system and to focus only on stopping the loss of gold reserves to protect the dollar. To stabilize the dollar, the Fed once again raised interest rates sharply, on the view that currency speculators would be less willing to liquidate dollar assets if they could earn a higher rate of return on them. The Fed's strategy worked, in that the attack on the dollar subsided and the U.S. commitment to the gold standard was successfully defended, at least for the moment. However, once again the Fed had chosen to tighten monetary policy despite the fact that macroeconomic conditions--including an accelerating decline in output, prices, and the money supply--seemed to demand policy ease.

The third policy action highlighted by Friedman and Schwartz occurred in 1932. By the spring of that year, the Depression was well advanced, and Congress began to place considerable pressure on the Federal Reserve to ease monetary policy. The Board was quite reluctant to comply, but in response to the ongoing pressure the Board conducted open-market operations between April and June of 1932 designed to increase the national money supply and thus ease policy. These policy actions reduced interest rates on government bonds and corporate debt and appeared to arrest the decline in prices and economic activity. However, Fed officials remained ambivalent about their policy of monetary expansion. Some viewed the Depression as the necessary purging of financial excesses built up during the 1920s; in this view, slowing the economic collapse by easing monetary policy only delayed the inevitable adjustment. Other officials, noting among other indicators the very low level of nominal interest rates, concluded that monetary policy was in fact already quite easy and that no more should be done. These policymakers did not appear to appreciate that, even though nominal interest rates were very low, the ongoing deflation meant that the real cost of borrowing was very high because any loans would have to be repaid in dollars of much greater value (Meltzer, 2003). Thus monetary policy was not in fact easy at all, despite the very low level of nominal interest rates. In any event, Fed officials convinced themselves that the policy ease advocated by the Congress was not appropriate, and so when the Congress adjourned in July 1932, the Fed reversed the policy. By the latter part of the year, the economy had relapsed dramatically.

The fourth and final policy mistake emphasized by Friedman and Schwartz was the Fed's ongoing neglect of problems in the U.S. banking sector. As I have already described, the banking sector faced enormous pressure during the early 1930s. As depositor fears about the health of banks grew, runs on banks became increasingly common. A series of banking panics spread across the country, often affecting all the banks in a major city or even an entire region of the country. Between December 1930 and March 1933, when President Roosevelt declared a "banking holiday" that shut down the entire U.S. banking system, about half of U.S. banks either closed or merged with other banks. Surviving banks, rather than expanding their deposits and loans to replace those of the banks lost to panics, retrenched sharply.

The banking crisis had highly detrimental effects on the broader economy. Friedman and Schwartz emphasized the effects of bank failures on the money supply. Because bank deposits are a form of money, the closing of many banks greatly exacerbated the decline in the money supply. Moreover, afraid to leave their funds in banks, people hoarded cash, for example by burying their savings in coffee cans in the back yard. Hoarding effectively removed money from circulation, adding further to the deflationary pressures. Moreover, as I emphasized in early research of my own (Bernanke, 1983), the virtual shutting down of the U.S. banking system also deprived the economy of an important source of credit and other services normally provided by banks.

The Federal Reserve had the power at least to ameliorate the problems of the banks. For example, the Fed could have been more aggressive in lending cash to banks (taking their loans and other investments as collateral), or it could have simply put more cash in circulation. Either action would have made it easier for banks to obtain the cash necessary to pay off depositors, which might have stopped bank runs before they resulted in bank closings and failures. Indeed, a central element of the Federal Reserve's original mission had been to provide just this type of assistance to the banking system. The Fed's failure to fulfill its mission was, again, largely the result of the economic theories held by the Federal Reserve leadership. Many Fed officials appeared to subscribe to the infamous "liquidationist" thesis of Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon, who argued that weeding out "weak" banks was a harsh but necessary prerequisite to the recovery of the banking system. Moreover, most of the failing banks were relatively small and not members of the Federal Reserve System, making their fate of less interest to the policymakers. In the end, Fed officials decided not to intervene in the banking crisis, contributing once again to the precipitous fall in the money supply.

Friedman and Schwartz discuss other episodes and policy actions as well, such as the Federal Reserve's misguided tightening of policy in 1937-38 which contributed to a new recession in those years. However, the four episodes I have described capture the gist of the Friedman and Schwartz argument that, for a variety of reasons, monetary policy was unnecessarily tight, both before the Depression began and during its most dramatic downward phase. As I have mentioned, Friedman and Schwartz had produced evidence from other historical periods that suggested that contractionary monetary policies can lead to declining prices and output. Friedman and Schwartz concluded therefore that they had found the smoking gun, evidence that much of the severity of the Great Depression could be attributed to monetary forces.

Friedman and Schwartz's arguments were highly influential but not universally accepted. For several decades after the Monetary History was published, a debate raged about the importance of monetary factors in the Depression. Opponents made several objections to the Friedman and Schwartz thesis that are worth highlighting here.

First, critics wondered whether the tightening of monetary policy during 1928 and 1929, though perhaps ill advised, was large enough to have led to such calamitous consequences.3 If the tightening of monetary policy before the stock market crash was not sufficient to account for the violence of the economic downturn, then other, possibly nonmonetary, factors may need to be considered as well.

A second question is whether the large decline in the money supply seen during the 1930s was primarily a cause or an effect of falling output and prices. As we have seen, Friedman and Schwartz argued that the decline in the money supply was causal. Suppose, though, for the sake of argument, that the Depression was the result primarily of nonmonetary factors, such as overspending and overinvestment during the 1920s. As incomes and spending decline, people need less money to carry out daily transactions. In this scenario, critics pointed out, the Fed would be justified in allowing the money supply to fall, because it would only be accommodating a decline in the amount of money that people want to hold. The decline in the money supply in this case would be a response to, not a cause of, the decline in output and prices. To put the question simply, we know that both the economy and the money stock contracted rapidly during the early 1930s, but was the monetary dog wagging the economic tail, or vice versa?

The focus of Friedman and Schwartz on the U.S. experience (by design, of course) raised other questions about their monetary explanation of the Depression. As I have mentioned, the Great Depression was a worldwide phenomenon, not confined to the United States. Indeed, some economies, such as that of Germany, began to decline before 1929. Although few countries escaped the Depression entirely, the severity of the episode varied widely across countries. The timing of recovery also varied considerably, with some countries beginning their recovery as early as 1931 or 1932, whereas others remained in the depths of depression as late as 1935 or 1936. How does Friedman and Schwartz's monetary thesis explain the worldwide nature of the onset of the Depression, and the differences in severity and timing observed in different countries?

That is where the debate stood around 1980. About that time, however, economic historians began to broaden their focus, shifting from a heavy emphasis on events in the United States during the 1930s to an increased attention to developments around the world. Moreover, rather than studying countries individually, this new scholarship took a comparative approach, asking specifically why some countries fared better than others in the 1930s. As I will explain, this research uncovered an important role for international monetary forces, as well as domestic monetary policies, in explaining the Depression. Specifically, the new research found that a complete understanding of the Depression requires attention to the operation of the international gold standard, the international monetary system of the time.4

As I have already mentioned, the gold standard is a monetary system in which each participating country defines its monetary unit in terms of a certain amount of gold. The setting of each currency's value in terms of gold defines a system of fixed exchange rates, in which the relative value of (say) the U.S. dollar and the British pound are fixed at a rate determined by the relative gold content of each currency. To maintain the gold standard, central banks had to promise to exchange actual gold for their paper currencies at the legal rate.

The gold standard appeared to be highly successful from about 1870 to the beginning of World War I in 1914. During the so-called "classical" gold standard period, international trade and capital flows expanded markedly, and central banks experienced relatively few problems ensuring that their currencies retained their legal value. The gold standard was suspended during World War I, however, because of disruptions to trade and international capital flows and because countries needed more financial flexibility to finance their war efforts. (The United States remained technically on the gold standard throughout the war, but with many restrictions.)

After 1918, when the war ended, nations around the world made extensive efforts to reconstitute the gold standard, believing that it would be a key element in the return to normal functioning of the international economic system. Great Britain was among the first of the major countries to return to the gold standard, in 1925, and by 1929 the great majority of the world's nations had done so.

Unlike the gold standard before World War I, however, the gold standard as reconstituted in the 1920s proved to be both unstable and destabilizing. Economic historians have identified a number of reasons why the reconstituted gold standard was so much less successful than its prewar counterpart. First, the war had left behind enormous economic destruction and dislocation. Major financial problems also remained, including both large government debts from the war and banking systems whose solvency had been deeply compromised by the war and by the periods of hyperinflation that followed in a number of countries. These underlying problems created stresses for the gold standard that had not existed to the same degree before the war.

Second, the new system lacked effective international leadership. During the classical period, the Bank of England, in operation since 1694, provided sophisticated management of the international system, with the cooperation of other major central banks. This leadership helped the system adjust to imbalances and strains; for example, a consortium of central banks might lend gold to one of their number that was experiencing a shortage of reserves. After the war, with Great Britain economically and financially depleted and the United States in ascendance, leadership of the international system shifted by default to the Federal Reserve.

Unfortunately, the fledgling Federal Reserve, with its decentralized structure and its inexperienced and domestically focused leadership, did not prove up to the task of managing the international gold standard, a task that lingering hatreds and disputes from the war would have made difficult for even the most-sophisticated institution. With the lack of effective international leadership, most central banks of the 1920s and 1930s devoted little effort to supporting the overall stability of the international system and focused instead on conditions within their own countries.

Finally, the reconstituted gold standard lacked the credibility of its prewar counterpart. Before the war, the ideology of the gold standard was dominant, to the point that financial investors had no doubt that central banks would find a way to maintain the gold values of their currencies no matter what the circumstances. Because this conviction was so firm, speculators had little incentive to attack a major currency. After the war, in contrast, both economic views and the political balance of power had shifted in ways that reduced the influence of the gold standard ideology. For example, new labor-dominated political parties were skeptical about the utility of maintaining the gold standard if doing so increased unemployment. Ironically, reduced political and ideological support for the gold standard made it more difficult for central banks to maintain the gold values of their currencies, as speculators understood that the underlying commitment to adhere to the gold standard at all costs had been weakened significantly. Thus, speculative attacks became much more likely to succeed and hence more likely to occur.

With an international focus, and with particular attention to the role of the gold standard in the world economy, scholars have now been able to answer the questions regarding the monetary interpretation of the Depression that I raised earlier.

First, the existence of the gold standard helps to explain why the world economic decline was both deep and broadly international. Under the gold standard, the need to maintain a fixed exchange rate among currencies forces countries to adopt similar monetary policies. In particular, a central bank with limited gold reserves has no option but to raise its own interest rates when interest rates are being raised abroad; if it did not do so, it would quickly lose gold reserves as financial investors transferred their funds to countries where returns were higher. Hence, when the Federal Reserve raised interest rates in 1928 to fight stock market speculation, it inadvertently forced tightening of monetary policy in many other countries as well. This tightening abroad weakened the global economy, with effects that fed back to the U.S. economy and financial system.
Other countries' policies also contributed to a global monetary tightening during 1928 and 1929. For example, after France returned to the gold standard in 1928, it built up its gold reserves significantly, at the expense of other countries. The outflows of gold to France forced other countries to reduce their money supplies and to raise interest rates. Speculative attacks on currencies also became frequent as the Depression worsened, leading central banks to raise interest rates, much like the Federal Reserve did in 1931. Leadership from the Federal Reserve might possibly have produced better international cooperation and a more appropriate set of monetary policies. However, in the absence of that leadership, the worldwide monetary contraction proceeded apace. The result was a global economic decline that reinforced the effects of tight monetary policies in individual countries.

The transmission of monetary tightening through the gold standard also addresses the question of whether changes in the money supply helped cause the Depression or were simply a passive response to the declines in income and prices. Countries on the gold standard were often forced to contract their money supplies because of policy developments in other countries, not because of domestic events. The fact that these contractions in money supplies were invariably followed by declines in output and prices suggests that money was more a cause than an effect of the economic collapse in those countries.

Perhaps the most fascinating discovery arising from researchers' broader international focus is that the extent to which a country adhered to the gold standard and the severity of its depression were closely linked. In particular, the longer that a country remained committed to gold, the deeper its depression and the later its recovery (Choudhri and Kochin, 1980; Eichengreen and Sachs, 1985).

The willingness or ability of countries to remain on the gold standard despite the adverse developments of the 1930s varied quite a bit. A few countries did not join the gold standard system at all; these included Spain (which was embroiled in domestic political upheaval, eventually leading to civil war) and China (which used a silver monetary standard rather than a gold standard). A number of countries adopted the gold standard in the 1920s but left or were forced off gold relatively early, typically in 1931. Countries in this category included Great Britain, Japan, and several Scandinavian countries. Some countries, such as Italy and the United States, remained on the gold standard into 1932 or 1933. And a few diehards, notably the so-called gold bloc, led by France and including Poland, Belgium, and Switzerland, remained on gold into 1935 or 1936.

If declines in the money supply induced by adherence to the gold standard were a principal reason for economic depression, then countries leaving gold earlier should have been able to avoid the worst of the Depression and begin an earlier process of recovery. The evidence strongly supports this implication. For example, Great Britain and Scandinavia, which left the gold standard in 1931, recovered much earlier than France and Belgium, which stubbornly remained on gold. As Friedman and Schwartz noted in their book, countries such as China--which used a silver standard rather than a gold standard--avoided the Depression almost entirely. The finding that the time at which a country left the gold standard is the key determinant of the severity of its depression and the timing of its recovery has been shown to hold for literally dozens of countries, including developing countries. This intriguing result not only provides additional evidence for the importance of monetary factors in the Depression, it also explains why the timing of recovery from the Depression differed across countries.

The finding that leaving the gold standard was the key to recovery from the Great Depression was certainly confirmed by the U.S. experience. One of the first actions of President Roosevelt was to eliminate the constraint on U.S. monetary policy created by the gold standard, first by allowing the dollar to float and then by resetting its value at a significantly lower level. The new President also addressed another major source of monetary contraction, the ongoing banking crisis. Within days of his inauguration, Roosevelt declared a "bank holiday," shutting down all the banks in the country. Banks were allowed to reopen only when certified to be in sound financial condition. Roosevelt pursued other measures to stabilize the banking system as well, such as the creation of a deposit insurance program. With the gold standard constraint removed and the banking system stabilized, the money supply and the price level began to rise. Between Roosevelt's coming to power in 1933 and the recession of 1937-38, the economy grew strongly.

I have only scratched the surface of the fascinating literature on the causes of the Great Depression, but it is time that I conclude. Economists have made a great deal of progress in understanding the Great Depression. Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz deserve enormous credit for bringing the role of monetary factors to the fore in their Monetary History. However, expanding the research focus to include the experiences of a wide range of countries has both provided additional support for the role of monetary factors (including the international gold standard) and enriched our understanding of the causes of the Depression.

Some important lessons emerge from the story. One lesson is that ideas are critical. The gold standard orthodoxy, the adherence of some Federal Reserve policymakers to the liquidationist thesis, and the incorrect view that low nominal interest rates necessarily signaled monetary ease, all led policymakers astray, with disastrous consequences. We should not underestimate the need for careful research and analysis in guiding policy. Another lesson is that central banks and other governmental agencies have an important responsibility to maintain financial stability. The banking crises of the 1930s, both in the United States and abroad, were a significant source of output declines, both through their effects on money supplies and on credit supplies. Finally, perhaps the most important lesson of all is that price stability should be a key objective of monetary policy. By allowing persistent declines in the money supply and in the price level, the Federal Reserve of the late 1920s and 1930s greatly destabilized the U.S. economy and, through the workings of the gold standard, the economies of many other nations as well.

REFERENCES

Bernanke, Ben (1983). "Nonmonetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in the Propagation of the Great Depression," American Economic Review, 73, (June) pp. 257-76.
Bernanke, Ben (2000). Essays on the Great Depression. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
Bernanke, Ben (2002a). "Asset-Price 'Bubbles' and Monetary Policy," before the New York chapter of the National Association for Business Economics, New York, New York, October 15. Available at www.federalreserve.gov.
Bernanke, Ben (2002b). "On Milton Friedman's Ninetieth Birthday," at the Conference to Honor Milton Friedman, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, November 8. Available at www.federalreserve.gov.
Choudhri, Ehsan, and Levis Kochin (1980). "The Exchange Rate and the International Transmission of Business Cycle Disturbances: Some Evidence from the Great Depression," Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 12, pp. 565-74.
Eichengreen, Barry (1992). Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919-1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Eichengreen, Barry (2002). "Still Fettered after All These Years," National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. 9276 (October).
Eichengreen, Barry, and Jeffrey Sachs (1985). "Exchange Rates and Economic Recovery in the 1930s," Journal of Economic History, 45, pp. 925-46.
Friedman, Milton, and Anna J. Schwartz (1963). A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press for NBER.
Hamilton, James (1987). "Monetary Factors in the Great Depression," Journal of Monetary Economics, 34, pp. 145-69.
Meltzer, Allan (2003). A History of the Federal Reserve, Volume I: 1913-1951. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Romer, Christina (1993). "The Nation in Depression," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7 (Spring), pp. 19-40.
Temin, Peter (1989). Lessons from the Great Depression. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Footnotes

1. My professional articles on the Depression are collected in Bernanke (2000).
2. Bernanke (2002b) gives a more detailed discussion of the evidence presented by Friedman and Schwartz.
3. There was less debate about the period 1931-33, the most precipitous downward phase of the Depression, for which most economists were inclined to ascribe an important role to monetary factors.
4. Critical early research included Choudhri and Kochin (1980) and Eichengreen and Sachs (1985). Eichengreen (1992, 2002) provides the most extensive analysis of the role of the gold standard in causing and propagating the Great Depression. Temin (1989) provides a readable account with a slightly different perspective.

Transgression
of God’s divine laws, including any act that is regarded as a transgression,
or offense, especially the willful or deliberate violation, including any
reprehensible or regrettable action (sin), behavior, lapse, great fault, to
offend against a principle, standard, trespass, violation, wrong, wickedness,
trespass, breaking God’s known will or any principle or law regarded as
embodying this condition, estrangement from God arising from such transgression,
are sins, and lead to eternal separation from God.

God’s
Light
The acts of the sinful nature are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and
debauchery; idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage,
selfish ambition, dissensions, factions and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the
like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not
inherit the kingdom of God.
~ Galatians Ch. 5, verses 19-21

Did
you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be
deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male
prostitutes nor homosexual offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards
nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God.
~ 1st Corinthians Ch. 6, verses 9-10

For
whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles at just one point is guilty of
breaking all of it.
James Ch. 2, verse 10

God’s
Warning Of An Eternal Hell

This
is how it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come and separate the
wicked from the righteous and throw them into the fiery furnace, where there
will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
~ Matthew Ch. 13, verses 49-50

They
will be punished with everlasting destruction and shut out from the presence of
the Lord and from the majesty of his power.
~ 2nd Thessalonians Ch. 1, verse 9

A
third angel followed them and said in a loud voice: "If anyone worships the
beast and his image and receives his mark on the forehead or on the hand, he,
too, will drink of the wine of God's fury, which has been poured full strength
into the cup of his wrath. He will be tormented with burning sulfur in the
presence of the holy angels and of the Lamb. And the smoke of their torment
rises forever and ever. There is no rest day or night for those who worship the
beast and his image, or for anyone who receives the mark of his name.
~ Revelation Ch. 14, verses 10-11

Then
death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the
second death. If anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was
thrown into the lake of fire.
~Revelation Ch.20, verses 14-15

The
Gospel of our Lord and Savior, Jesus the Christ

The Gospel is the “good news” that the long awaited Savior and Messiah had
come to rescue his people from their sin and the laws of death. This is how the
birth of Jesus Christ came about: His mother Mary was pledged to be married to
Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be with child through
the Holy Spirit. An angel of the lord appeared to Joseph telling him what is
conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit and to name him Jesus because he will
rescue his people from their sins. All this took place to fulfill what the Lord
had said through the prophet: “The virgin will be with child and will give
birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel” which means “God with
us.”

In
Those Days John the Baptist came, preaching in the Desert of Judea and saying,
“Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.” This is he who was spoken of
through the prophet Isaiah “A voice of one calling in the desert, Prepare the
way for the Lord, make straight paths for him.” Then Jesus came from Galilee
to the Jordon to be baptized by John. But John tried to deter him, saying, “I
need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me?” Jesus Replied, “Let it
be so now; it is proper for us to do this to fulfill all righteousness.” Then
John consented. As soon as Jesus was baptized, he went up out of the water. At
that moment heaven was opened, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a
dove and lightning on him. And a voice from heaven said, “This is my Son, whom
I love; with him I am well pleased.”

Then
Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted by the devil. After
fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry. The tempter came to him and
said, “if you are the Son of God, tell these stones to become bread.” Jesus
Answered, “It is written: “Man does not live on bread alone, but on every
word that comes from the mouth of God.” Then the devil took him to the holy
city and had him stand on the highest point of the temple. “If you are the Son
of God,” he said, “throw yourself down. For it is written” “He will
command his angels concerning you, and they will lift you up in their hands so
that you will not strike your foot against a stone.” Jesus Answered him, “It
is also written: “Do not put the Lord your God to the test.” Again the devil
took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world
and their splendor. “All this I will give you,” he said, “if you will bow
down and worship me.” Jesus said to him “Away from me, Satan! For it is
written: “Worship the Lord your God, and server him only.” Then the devil
left him, and angles came and attended him.

Read
more of the Gospel in the Holy Bible in Chapters; Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John
all which are the Gospels of the Lord of Glory and Lord of Power Jesus
Christ.

Learn
more about the crucifixion Jesus suffered for you to have forgiveness of sin and
how he was murdered a blameless man, dying for you so you don't have to go to an
eternal hell separated forever from God.

Most
importantly find Jesus Christ being raised on the third day after his death by
the resurrection and power of God. This life can be yours too if only you will
walk the way God is calling you in love right now.

Repent
and turn to God

To
feel sorry, self-reproachful, or contrite for your sinful past conduct; regret,
be conscience-stricken about a past action, attitude, to feel such sorrow for
sin or fault as to be disposed to change one’s life for the better; be
penitent, atone, to feel remorse for, crawling, or lying along the ground, to
feel regret for sins or crimes, to turn around from iniquity, violation of right
or duty. Turn away from sin, and turn to God.

The Romans Road to Salvation

Romans
Ch. 3, verse 23: "For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of
God."

Romans
Ch. 5, verse 8: "God demonstrates His own love for us, in that while we
were sinners Christ died for us!"

Romans
Ch. 10, verse 13: "Whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be
saved!"

Romans
Ch. 10, verses 9-10 "...If you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and
believe in your heart that God raised Jesus from the dead, you shall be saved;
for with the heart man believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth
he confesses, resulting in salvation."

Read the following, and repeat in your own words, “the Sinner’s Prayer.”

By Romans Ch.10, verse 13:“I
claim life everlasting by confessing Jesus as my Lord and Savior, who is the Son
of the living God.

I
claim God’s word as found in the Holy Bible as true and that His Son Jesus the
Christ came to save me for my salvation by way of Romans Ch 10, verses 9-10.

I
believe God’s words and promises are true and I claim both promises in God’s
word for me right now. I receive you Jesus and thank you God for dying for me on
the cross.

Thank
you for your gift of eternal life, salvation and your Holy Spirit and I pray
this in Jesus Holy name Amen.

The
Great Commission

Matthew Ch. 28, verse 16: “Then
Jesus came to them and said, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been
given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in
the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them
to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the
very end of the age."

Whenever
someone hears about "good news," they will share the "good
news" and that's what the "Great Commission" is, telling others
about Jesus!

Be
Forewarned - the Final Days

What is the "Mark of the Beast"?

The mark of the beast is the mark of Satan, and will be required for those in
the final days, to be able to buy or sell anything, and everything. Taking the
mark of the Beast in your right hand or forehead - thought to be an RFID chip,
that can be read by a scanner, may mean you can buy your hamburger at lunch on
one of the last days at a McDonald's, but by taking this mark, you have rejected
God and His Son Jesus.

Warning
to all who fear the wrath of God!

Reject
the mark of the beast! Chapter 13 in the book of Revelation of
the Bible provides prophecy or a glimpse into the future that is waiting for
those in the final days and it will affect every person in every country, and
whether they spend eternity in Glory in Heaven or suffer forever in hell.

Reject
the mark of the beast!

You will be worshipping Satan and the beast if you accept his mark - and will receive the complete wrath of
God, forever in hell.

“If anyone worships the beast and his image and receives his mark on the forehead or on the hand, he, too, will drink of the wine of God's fury, which has been poured full strength into the cup of his wrath.” Revelation
Ch. 14, verses 9 - 10.

The Mark of the Beast is required in the final days!

“He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.” ~ Revelation Ch. 13, verses 16 - 17

If you take the mark of
the beast, as required by Satan's Antichrist,
you will be cast into the lake of fire and there you will burn forever and
forever.

According to the Bible, Revelation
Chapter 13: 16-18:

“He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.
Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast:
for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six
(666)."” ~ Revelation Ch. 13, verses 16 - 17

What is Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology?

Christian's
everywhere are becoming convinced that Radio Frequency Identification will be
the technology Satan's chosen world leader and world dictator, who is the anti-christ,
will REQUIRE, under penalty of death, that every human being must
take the mark of the beast in their forehead or right hand, in order to buy or
sell (anything and everything).

For
believers in the Lord Jesus Christ, we will not have to go through the great
tribulation period as we will be raptured to meet Jesus in the clouds. Jesus
will take His church home before the beginning of the Great Tribulation when we,
His church, who have heard, believed, repented, confessed, and been baptized,
will hear a trumpet and the words, "Come Up Hither!"

The
anti-christ and the beast will keep track of people and monitor their every
move, and every financial transaction, through the "mark of the
beast." Without the "mark of the beast," people will be forced
"underground" where there will be a great pouring out of His Holy
Spirit that will lead many of those tat did not take the mark of the beast to
salvation and an eternity in Heaven with God, the King of the universe, and His
only begotten Son, our Lord and Savior Jesus the Christ.

However,
those who do not heed these warnings, and take the mark of the beast required by
Satan's anti-christ, that we believe is Radio Frequency Identification, will be
cast into the lake of fire, and spend eternity away from God, to be hopelessly
and helplessly tormented in Hades and the Lake of Fire by Satan and his demons.

666
- The Mark of the Beast

The
Barcode.... the Mark of the Beast?

The
RFID Chip by Verichip, is the size of a grain of rice!

Is
this the Mark of the Beast?

The RFID chip, pictured above, is the size of a grain of rice. They have been
inserted in animals, including cows, horses, cats and dogs, and now human beings
are having them placed in their hands and wrists. The RFID chip,s manufactured
by the VeriChip Corporation - located in Delray Beach, FL (www.verichipcorp.com)
is now being implanted under the skin of human beings supposedly for the
purposes of medical reasons or security purposes.

When
used, the person with the implanted RFID chip, can be scanned or using a wand,
placed over the skin where the RFID chip was inserted, can "read" the
information and the unique number stored inside the chip.

VeriChip
is a business division of Digital Angel Corporation (www.digitalangel.com) and
formerly known as the company; Applied Digital Solutions.

More about Radio Frequency Identification Technology

Radio frequency identification, also referred to as "RFID" is a
technology that refers to wireless (radio wave) systems that allow a device to
read information contained in a wireless device or “tag” – from a distance
without making any physical contact or requiring a line of sight between the
two. It provides a method to transmit and receive data from one point to
another. RFID has numerous emerging technologies and protocols but all use radio
waves to automatically identify people or objects.

There
are several methods of identification, but the most common is to store a serial
number that identifies a person or object, and perhaps other information, on a
microchip that is attached to an antenna (the chip and the antenna together are
called a radio frequency identification transponder or an RFID tag). The antenna
enables the chip to transmit the identification information to a reader. The
reader converts the radio waves reflected back from the radio frequency
identification tag into digital information that can then be passed on to
computers that can make use of it.

Radio
frequency identification technology has been commercially available in one form
or another since the 1970s. It is now part of our daily lives and can be found
in car keys, highway toll tags and security access cards, as well as in
environments where bar code labeling, which requires physical contact or a line
of sight, is impractical or less effective. Radio frequency identification has
established itself in a wide range of markets including automated vehicle
identification systems because of its ability to track moving objects.

There is no one definitive “radio frequency identification technology,” but,
rather, an enormous range of technical solutions that vary in their complexity
and cost, depending upon the functionality, packaging, and applications for
which they are used.

In its simplest form in common use today, a “passive” radio frequency
identification system works as follows: an RFID reader transmits via its antenna
an electromagnetic radio frequency signal to a passive RFID tag. The reader
receives information back from the tag and sends it to a computer that controls
the reader and processes the information that has been retrieved from the tag.
Passive tags do not have batteries and operate using the energy they receive
from signals sent by a reader.

Why
is RFID better than using bar codes?

Radio frequency identification is not necessarily "better" than bar
codes. The two are different technologies and have different applications, which
sometimes overlap. The big difference between the two is bar codes are
line-of-sight technology. That is, a scanner has to "see" the bar code
to read it, which means people usually have to orient the bar code towards a
scanner for it to be read. Radio frequency identification, by contrast, doesn't
require line of sight. RFID tags can be read as long as they are within range of
a reader. Bar codes have other shortcomings as well. If a label is ripped,
soiled or falls off, there is no way to scan the item. And standard bar codes
identify only the manufacturer and product, not the unique item. The bar code on
one milk carton is the same as every other, making it impossible to identify
which one might pass its expiration date first.

Will radio frequency identification replace bar codes?

It's very unlikely. Bar codes are inexpensive and effective for certain tasks.
Radio frequency identification and bar codes will coexist for many years.

If radio frequency identification has been around so long, and is a great
technology, why isn't every company using it?

Many companies have invested in radio frequency identification to get the
advantages it offers. These investments are usually made in closed-loop
systems-that is, when a company is tracking goods that never leave its own
control. That's because some existing radio frequency identification systems use
proprietary technology, which means that if company A puts an RFID tag on a
product, it can't be read by Company B unless they both use the same RFID system
from the same vendor. Another reason is the price. If a company tracks assets
within its own four walls, it can reuse the tags over and over again, which is
cost effective. But for a system to work in an open supply chain it has to be
cheap because the company that puts the tag on case or pallet is unlikely to be
able to reuse it.

What has prevented radio frequency identification from taking off until now?

There are several reasons why RFID has not taken off, one of these reasons is
differing standards. There are well-developed standards for low-frequency and
high-frequency RFID systems, but most companies want to use UHF in the supply
chain because it offers longer read range (up to 20 feet under good conditions).
UHF technology is relatively new and standards weren't established until
recently. Another issue is cost. Radio frequency identification readers
typically cost $1,000 or more. Companies would need thousands of readers to
cover all their factories, warehouses and stores. RFID tags can be relatively
expensive - 20 cents or more - which makes them impractical for identifying
millions of items that cost only a few dollars.

Are any companies using radio frequency identification today?

Yes. Thousands of companies around the world use RFID today to improve internal
efficiencies. Club Car, a maker of golf carts uses RFID to improve efficiency on
its production line (subscribers, see Golf Car Maker Scores with RFID).
Paramount Farms-one of the world's largest suppliers of pistachios-uses RFID to
manage its harvest more efficiently (see Farm Harvests RFID's Benefits). NYK
Logistics uses RFID to improve the throughput of containers at its busy Long
Beach, Calif., distribution center (see Logistics Gets Cheaper by the Yard). And
many other companies are using RFID for a wide variety of applications. (See
Case Studies for more examples of how RFID is benefiting companies today.)

What are some of the most common applications for radio frequency
identification?

Radio frequency identification is used for everything from tracking cows and
pets to triggering equipment down oil wells. It may sound trite, but the
applications are limited only by people's imagination. The most common
applications are payment systems (Mobil's - now ExxonMobil's Speedpass and toll
collection systems), access control, and asset tracking. Increasingly, companies
are looking to use RFID to track goods within their supply chain, work in
process and other applications.

Reject The Mark Of The Beast

For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities,
against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.
~ Ephesians 6, verse 12

Countless people will hate the New World Order and will die protesting against it.
~ H.G. Wells, The New World Order (1939)

Christian, if you are worried about the coming New World Order, you have
no reason to fear! If you are a Bible-believing Christian, keep
reading your Bible! Read the END! Jesus and His
"bride" are triumphant.... WE WIN!

The New World Order, its' leaders along
with their "Luciferian" religion, their antichrist, Satan, false
prophet, fallen angels (demons) and those that took the mark of the beast,
will all be cast into the lake of burning fire!!!!

We who are in Christ Jesus will NOT
be going through the wrath that is coming soon (by the New World Order)!

What "groom" would put his
betrothed - bride-to-be - through "hell" before the
wedding?!?

Jesus is the "groom" and His
Church - those that believe in Him, are His bride! We will be with
Him in Heaven celebrating the "marriage supper of the
"Lamb."

"And he saith unto me, Write, Blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb. And he saith unto me, These are the true sayings of God."
~ Rev. Ch. 19 v 9 (KJV)

The "New World
Order" is "man's" hope for saving himself and
bringing in "man's" kingdom.

The only thing preventing the New World Order - also known as the
Illuminati - from taking total control of mankind right now - enslaving
mankind, is God's Holy Spirit and His Church. Once the "Bride
of Christ" is removed, the elitists in the New World Order (Carnegie,
Rockefeller, Rothschild, Henry Kissinger, Guggenheim, Ford, Bush family,
Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, Tony Blair, John Kerry, Ted Turner, Barack
Obama, etc.) will bring in total subjugation of those that remain.

"Give me control of a nation's money supply, and I care not who makes its laws."
- M.A. Rothschild

Come quickly Lord
Jesus!

The New World Order is in direct opposition to the one true God, Creator of
the universe and His Son Jesus and the Holy Spirit (greater is He that is in
me than he that is in the world).

The
New World Order is now being "deployed" and led and controlled by
the "international bankers" who "own" and control
the;

*
world's banks (including the Federal Reserve),
* world's currencies,
* every country via control of each country's currency and central bank, and
therefore, each country's government via its control of its political leaders
and the major "events" that occur in each country.
* the multi-national corporations, including the media - television networks,
newspapers, cable networks, and ultimately the internet as well.

The
New World Order seeks total power, control and authority over every person along
with a;

*
One World Government
* One World Religion
* One World Economy
* One World Military
* One World Society

which
will be the control of one world leader

The
New World Order (NWO) operates behind the scenes but in plain sight through
the "Round Table Groups" which include;

*
the Bilderberg Group
* Club of Rome
* Council on Foreign Relations
* Royal Institute of International Affairs
* Trilateral Commission
* United Nations

which
coordinates among the groups the "world agenda" as well as providing
"their" news and "programming" to the population
(population control) via "their" television networks, television
news, television programs newspapers and the multinational companies they also
own/control. The elitists (Lucifierians) at the top of the pyramid of the New World
Order meet in secret each year at the Bilderberg Group annual meeting to plan the
world's agenda for the coming 12 months. They also meet at Bohemian Grove and
worship Lucifer there and their sacred "owl" with rituals including
the "cremation of care."

President
John Kennedy tried to warn us about the New World Order, as did President
Dwight Eisenhower. President Kennedy was murdered by the elite in the New
World Order for his attempts at returning the Federal Reserve back to the
people of the U.S., as well as his efforts to warn America, and the world
about the NWO.

As
they - the "elite" - of the New World Order have all the money and
worldly goods they could ever hope to have, the only thing that they don't
have, which they crave more than anything else, is the ultimate power to
control the non-elite, the people that they plan to enslave and control. This
will be done through the "mark of the beast" that the elite will
require everyone to take - which is to be "implanted" in everyone's
head or hand. If you refuse to take the chip / be implanted with their
chip, you will not be able to buy or sell anything. It will be known that you
refused to be implanted with the NWO's chip, and they will seek to find you
and you will be given the choice to have the NWO chip implanted, or you will
be killed.

Remember,
if you take
the mark of the beast, as required by the NWO - and ultimately, by Satan's Antichrist,
you will be cast into the lake of fire and there you will burn forever and
forever and forever.

The
New World Order and international bankers now planning to deploy the New World
Order are ultimately all led by Satan worshipers and "Luciferians"
who pledge their allegiance and worship him.

Jesus
warned us 2,000 years ago that these end times were coming! And now it appears
to be coming true TODAY!

1
Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe also in me.

2 In my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told
you. I go to prepare a place for you.

3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you
unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also.

4 And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know.

5 Thomas saith unto him, Lord, we know not whither thou goest; and how can we
know the way?

6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh
unto the Father, but by me.

7 If ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also: and from henceforth
ye know him, and have seen him.

8 Philip saith unto him, Lord, show us the Father, and it sufficeth us.

9 Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou
not known me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath seen the Father; and how
sayest thou then, Show us the Father?

10 Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words
that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that dwelleth in
me, he doeth the works.

11 Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or else believe
me for the very works' sake.

12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I
do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do; because I go
unto my Father.

13 And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may
be glorified in the Son.

14 If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it.

15 If ye love me, keep my commandments.

16 And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that
he may abide with you for ever;

17 Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth
him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and
shall be in you.

18 I will not leave you comfortless: I will come to you.

19 Yet a little while, and the world seeth me no more; but ye see me: because
I live, ye shall live also.

20 At that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, and I in
you.

21 He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me:
and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I will love him, and
will manifest myself to him.

22 Judas saith unto him, not Iscariot, Lord, how is it that thou wilt manifest
thyself unto us, and not unto the world?

23 Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will keep my words:
and my Father will love him, and we will come unto him, and make our abode
with him.

24 He that loveth me not keepeth not my sayings: and the word which ye hear is
not mine, but the Father's which sent me.

25 These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you.

26 But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my
name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance,
whatsoever I have said unto you.

27 Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth,
give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.

28 Ye have heard how I said unto you, I go away, and come again unto you. If
ye loved me, ye would rejoice, because I said, I go unto the Father: for my
Father is greater than I.

29 And now I have told you before it come to pass, that, when it is come to
pass, ye might believe.

30 Hereafter I will not talk much with you: for the prince of this world
cometh, and hath nothing in me.

31 But that the world may know that I love the Father; and as the Father gave
me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go hence.

Is Barack Hussein
Obama the False Messiah?

If not, will Barack Hussein Obama's anti-God, pro-muslim, anti-Semite &
anti-Christian
beliefs be used to usher in the Antichrist or False messiah?

Will Barack Hussein
Obama require every American
to get chipped (the mark of the Beast)????

RFID chips are now being manufactured by Verisign
and being placed in human beings!

RFID chips by Verisign are probably going to be used
as the "mark" of Satan!

If
you take the "mark" of the Beast, you will be God's enemy, and He
will cast you into the pit of ever-lasting fire and torment, where you will
burn forever with those that rejected God and His Son Jesus and accepted the
mark of the Beast.

_________________________________________________

John
F. Kennedy vs. the Secret Societies and Illuminati

President
John F. Kennedy, America's last "real" President - who was NOT a
member of the New World Order, and in fact OPPOSED the "secret
societies" such as the Illuminati, New World Order, etc. President
Kennedy was murdered by the leadership of the Illuminati (New World
Order). What other reasons explain why his murder was never solved?
The murder of our President has been "covered up" at the highest
levels of OUR government, because our government is controlled by secret
societies. President Kennedy was assassinated due to his efforts and
attempts to warn Americans of the secret societies such as the Illuminati,
Bilderberg Group, New World Order and "their" Federal Reserve - and
agenda for total world control.

The
following speech by President Kennedy is sometimes referred to as President
Kennedy's "Illuminati" speech.

The President and the Press: Address before the American Newspaper Publishers Association, April 27, 1961

President John F. Kennedy
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City
April 27, 1961

"Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen:

I appreciate very much your generous invitation to be here tonight.

You bear heavy responsibilities these days and an article I read some time ago reminded me of how particularly heavily the burdens of present day events bear upon your profession.

You may remember that in 1851 the New York Herald Tribune under the sponsorship and publishing of Horace Greeley, employed as its London correspondent an obscure journalist by the name of Karl Marx.

We are told that foreign correspondent Marx, stone broke, and with a family ill and undernourished, constantly appealed to Greeley and managing editor Charles Dana for an increase in his munificent salary of $5 per installment, a salary which he and Engels ungratefully labeled as the "lousiest petty bourgeois cheating."

But when all his financial appeals were refused, Marx looked around for other means of livelihood and fame, eventually terminating his relationship with the Tribune and devoting his talents full time to the cause that would bequeath the world the seeds of Leninism, Stalinism, revolution and the cold war.

If only this capitalistic New York newspaper had treated him more kindly; if only Marx had remained a foreign correspondent, history might have been different. And I hope all publishers will bear this lesson in mind the next time they receive a poverty-stricken appeal for a small increase in the expense account from an obscure newspaper man.

I have selected as the title of my remarks tonight "The President and the Press." Some may suggest that this would be more naturally worded "The President Versus the Press." But those are not my sentiments tonight.

It is true, however, that when a well-known diplomat from another country demanded recently that our State Department repudiate certain newspaper attacks on his colleague it was unnecessary for us to reply that this Administration was not responsible for the press, for the press had already made it clear that it was not responsible for this Administration.

Nevertheless, my purpose here tonight is not to deliver the usual assault on the so-called one party press. On the contrary, in recent months I have rarely heard any complaints about political bias in the press except from a few Republicans. Nor is it my purpose tonight to discuss or defend the televising of Presidential press conferences. I think it is highly beneficial to have some 20,000,000 Americans regularly sit in on these conferences to observe, if I may say so, the incisive, the intelligent and the courteous qualities displayed by your Washington correspondents.

Nor, finally, are these remarks intended to examine the proper degree of privacy which the press should allow to any President and his family.

If in the last few months your White House reporters and photographers have been attending church services with regularity, that has surely done them no harm.

On the other hand, I realize that your staff and wire service photographers may be complaining that they do not enjoy the same green privileges at the local golf courses that they once did.

It is true that my predecessor did not object as I do to pictures of one's golfing skill in action. But neither on the other hand did he ever bean a Secret Service man.

My topic tonight is a more sober one of concern to publishers as well as editors.

I want to talk about our common responsibilities in the face of a common danger. The events of recent weeks may have helped to illuminate that challenge for some; but the dimensions of its threat have loomed large on the horizon for many years. Whatever our hopes may be for the future--for reducing this threat or living with it--there is no escaping either the gravity or the totality of its challenge to our survival and to our security--a challenge that confronts us in unaccustomed ways in every sphere of human activity.

This deadly challenge imposes upon our society two requirements of direct concern both to the press and to the President--two requirements that may seem almost contradictory in tone, but which must be reconciled and fulfilled if we are to meet this national peril. I refer, first, to the need for a far greater public information; and, second, to the need for far greater official secrecy.

I

The very word "secrecy" is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify it. Even today, there is little value in opposing the threat of a closed society by imitating its arbitrary restrictions. Even today, there is little value in insuring the survival of our nation if our traditions do not survive with it. And there is very grave danger that an announced need for increased security will be seized upon by those anxious to expand its meaning to the very limits of official censorship and concealment. That I do not intend to permit to the extent that it is in my control. And no official of my Administration, whether his rank is high or low, civilian or military, should interpret my words here tonight as an excuse to censor the news, to stifle dissent, to cover up our mistakes or to withhold from the press and the public the facts they deserve to know.

But I do ask every publisher, every editor, and every newsman in the nation to reexamine his own standards, and to recognize the nature of our country's peril. In time of war, the government and the press have customarily joined in an effort based largely on self-discipline, to prevent unauthorized disclosures to the enemy. In time of "clear and present danger," the courts have held that even the privileged rights of the First Amendment must yield to the public's need for national security.

Today no war has been declared--and however fierce the struggle may be, it may never be declared in the traditional fashion. Our way of life is under attack. Those who make themselves our enemy are advancing around the globe. The survival of our friends is in danger. And yet no war has been declared, no borders have been crossed by marching troops, no missiles have been fired.

If the press is awaiting a declaration of war before it imposes the self-discipline of combat conditions, then I can only say that no war ever posed a greater threat to our security. If you are awaiting a finding of "clear and present danger," then I can only say that the danger has never been more clear and its presence has never been more imminent.

It requires a change in outlook, a change in tactics, a change in missions--by the government, by the people, by every businessman or labor leader, and by every newspaper. For we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covert means for expanding its sphere of influence--on infiltration instead of invasion, on subversion instead of elections, on intimidation instead of free choice, on guerrillas by night instead of armies by day. It is a system which has conscripted vast human and material resources into the building of a tightly knit, highly efficient machine that combines military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, scientific and political operations.

Its preparations are concealed, not published. Its mistakes are buried, not headlined. Its dissenters are silenced, not praised. No expenditure is questioned, no rumor is printed, no secret is revealed. It conducts the Cold War, in short, with a war-time discipline no democracy would ever hope or wish to match.

Nevertheless, every democracy recognizes the necessary restraints of national security--and the question remains whether those restraints need to be more strictly observed if we are to oppose this kind of attack as well as outright invasion.

For the facts of the matter are that this nation's foes have openly boasted of acquiring through our newspapers information they would otherwise hire agents to acquire through theft, bribery or espionage; that details of this nation's covert preparations to counter the enemy's covert operations have been available to every newspaper reader, friend and foe alike; that the size, the strength, the location and the nature of our forces and weapons, and our plans and strategy for their use, have all been pinpointed in the press and other news media to a degree sufficient to satisfy any foreign power; and that, in at least in one case, the publication of details concerning a secret mechanism whereby satellites were followed required its alteration at the expense of considerable time and money.

The newspapers which printed these stories were loyal, patriotic, responsible and well-meaning. Had we been engaged in open warfare, they undoubtedly would not have published such items. But in the absence of open warfare, they recognized only the tests of journalism and not the tests of national security. And my question tonight is whether additional tests should not now be adopted.

The question is for you alone to answer. No public official should answer it for you. No governmental plan should impose its restraints against your will. But I would be failing in my duty to the nation, in considering all of the responsibilities that we now bear and all of the means at hand to meet those responsibilities, if I did not commend this problem to your attention, and urge its thoughtful consideration.

On many earlier occasions, I have said--and your newspapers have constantly said--that these are times that appeal to every citizen's sense of sacrifice and self-discipline. They call out to every citizen to weigh his rights and comforts against his obligations to the common good. I cannot now believe that those citizens who serve in the newspaper business consider themselves exempt from that appeal.

I have no intention of establishing a new Office of War Information to govern the flow of news. I am not suggesting any new forms of censorship or any new types of security classifications. I have no easy answer to the dilemma that I have posed, and would not seek to impose it if I had one. But I am asking the members of the newspaper profession and the industry in this country to reexamine their own responsibilities, to consider the degree and the nature of the present danger, and to heed the duty of self-restraint which that danger imposes upon us all.

Every newspaper now asks itself, with respect to every story: "Is it news?" All I suggest is that you add the question: "Is it in the interest of the national security?" And I hope that every group in America--unions and businessmen and public officials at every level-- will ask the same question of their endeavors, and subject their actions to the same exacting tests.

And should the press of America consider and recommend the voluntary assumption of specific new steps or machinery, I can assure you that we will cooperate whole-heartedly with those recommendations.

Perhaps there will be no recommendations. Perhaps there is no answer to the dilemma faced by a free and open society in a cold and secret war. In times of peace, any discussion of this subject, and any action that results, are both painful and without precedent. But this is a time of peace and peril which knows no precedent in history.

II

It is the unprecedented nature of this challenge that also gives rise to your second obligation--an obligation which I share. And that is our obligation to inform and alert the American people--to make certain that they possess all the facts that they need, and understand them as well--the perils, the prospects, the purposes of our program and the choices that we face.

No President should fear public scrutiny of his program. For from that scrutiny comes understanding; and from that understanding comes support or opposition. And both are necessary. I am not asking your newspapers to support the Administration, but I am asking your help in the tremendous task of informing and alerting the American people. For I have complete confidence in the response and dedication of our citizens whenever they are fully informed.

I not only could not stifle controversy among your readers--I welcome it. This Administration intends to be candid about its errors; for as a wise man once said: "An error does not become a mistake until you refuse to correct it." We intend to accept full responsibility for our errors; and we expect you to point them out when we miss them.

Without debate, without criticism, no Administration and no country can succeed--and no republic can survive. That is why the Athenian lawmaker Solon decreed it a crime for any citizen to shrink from controversy. And that is why our press was protected by the First Amendment-- the only business in America specifically protected by the Constitution- -not primarily to amuse and entertain, not to emphasize the trivial and the sentimental, not to simply "give the public what it wants"--but to inform, to arouse, to reflect, to state our dangers and our opportunities, to indicate our crises and our choices, to lead, mold, educate and sometimes even anger public opinion.

This means greater coverage and analysis of international news--for it is no longer far away and foreign but close at hand and local. It means greater attention to improved understanding of the news as well as improved transmission. And it means, finally, that government at all levels, must meet its obligation to provide you with the fullest possible information outside the narrowest limits of national security--and we intend to do it.

III

It was early in the Seventeenth Century that Francis Bacon remarked on three recent inventions already transforming the world: the compass, gunpowder and the printing press. Now the links between the nations first forged by the compass have made us all citizens of the world, the hopes and threats of one becoming the hopes and threats of us all. In that one world's efforts to live together, the evolution of gunpowder to its ultimate limit has warned mankind of the terrible consequences of failure.

And so it is to the printing press--to the recorder of man's deeds, the keeper of his conscience, the courier of his news--that we look for strength and assistance, confident that with your help man will be what he was born to be: free and independent."

So,
if the New World Order would go so far as to execute our President, what
"value" do you think they place on ANYONE's life?!?

John
F. Kennedy vs. the Federal Reserve

John Fitzgerald Kennedy
35th President of the United States of America
1961-1963

Born: May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts

Died: November 22, 1963. Killed by an assassin's bullet in Dallas, Texas

On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassin's bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the youngest man elected President; he was the youngest to die.

Of Irish descent, he was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. Graduating from Harvard in 1940, he entered the Navy. In 1943, when his PT boat was rammed and sunk by a Japanese destroyer, Kennedy, despite grave injuries, led the survivors through perilous waters to safety.

Back from the war, he became a Democratic Congressman from the Boston area, advancing in 1953 to the Senate. He married Jacqueline Bouvier on September 12, 1953. In 1955, while recuperating from a back operation, he wrote Profiles in Courage, which won the Pulitzer Prize in history.

On June 4, 1963, a virtually unknown Presidential decree, Executive Order 11110, was signed by President John Fitzgerald Kennedy with the intention to strip the Federal Reserve Bank of its power to loan money to the United States Federal Government at interest. With the stroke of a pen, President Kennedy declared that the privately owned Federal Reserve Bank would soon be out of business. This matter has been exhaustively researched by the Christian Common Law Institute through the Federal Register and Library of Congress, and the Institute has conclude that President Kennedy's Executive Order has never been repealed, amended, or superceded by any subsequent Executive Order. In simple terms, it is still valid.

When John Fitzgerald Kennedy, author of Profiles in Courage, signed this Order, it returned to the federal government, specifically to the Treasury Department, the Constitutional power to create and issue currency -- money -- without going through the privately owned Federal Reserve Bank. President Kennedy's Executive Order 11110 gave the Treasury Department the explicit authority: "to issue silver certificates against any silver bullion, silver, or standard silver dollars in the Treasury" [the full text is displayed below]. This means that for every ounce of silver in the U.S. Treasury's vault, the government could introduce new money into circulation based on the silver bullion physically held therein. As a result, more than $4 billion in United States Notes were brought into circulation in $2 and $5 denominations. Although $10 and $20 United States Notes were never circulated, they were being printed by the Treasury Department when Kennedy was assassinated.

Certainly it's obvious that President Kennedy knew that the Federal Reserve Notes being circulated as "legal currency" were contrary to the Constitution of the United States, which calls for issuance of "United States Notes" as interest-free and debt-free currency backed by silver reserves in the U.S. Treasury. Comparing a "Federal Reserve Note" issued from the private central bank of the United States (i.e., the Federal Reserve Bank a/k/a Federal Reserve System), with a "United States Note" from the U.S. Treasury (as issued by President Kennedy's Executive Order), the two almost look alike, except one says "Federal Reserve Note" on the top while the other says "United States Note". In addition, the Federal Reserve Note has a green seal and serial number while the United States Note has a red seal and serial number. Following President Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963, the United States Notes he had issued were immediately taken out of circulation, and Federal Reserve Notes continued to serve as the "legal currency" of the nation.

Kennedy knew that if the silver-backed United States Notes were widely circulated, they would eliminated the demand for Federal Reserve Notes. This is a simple matter of economics. USNs were backed by silver and FRNs were (still are) backed by nothing of intrinsic value. As a result of Executive Order 11110, the national debt would have prevented from reaching its current level (almost all of the $9 trillion in federal debt has been created since 1963). Executive Order 11110 also granted the U.S. Government the power to repay past debt without further borrowing from the privately owned Federal Reserve which charged both principle and interest and all new "money" it "created." Finally, Executive Order 11110 gave the U.S.A. the ability to create its own money backed by silver, again giving money real value.

Perhaps President Kennedy's assassination was a warning to future presidents not to interfere with the private Federal Reserve's control over the creation of money. For, with true courage, JFK had boldly challenged the two most successful vehicles that have ever been used to drive up debt: 1) war (i.e., the Vietnam war); and, 2) the creation of money by a privately owned central bank. His efforts to have all U.S. troops out of Vietnam by 1965 combined with Executive Order 11110 would have destroyed the profits and control of the private Federal Reserve Bank.

Executive Order 11110, the AMENDMENT of EXECUTIVE ORDER No. 10289, as amended RELATING to the PERFORMANCE of CERTAIN FUNCTIONS AFFECTING the DEPARTMENT of the TREASURY:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. Executive Order No. 10289 of September 19, 1951, as amended, is hereby further amended (a) By adding at the end of paragraph 1 thereof the following subparagraph (j): "(j) The authority vested in the President by paragraph (b) of section 43 of the Act of May 12, 1933, as amended (31 U.S.C. 821 (b)), to issue silver certificates against any silver bullion, silver, or standard silver dollars in the Treasury not then held for redemption of any outstanding silver certificates, to prescribe the denominations of such silver certificates, and to coin standard silver dollars and subsidiary silver currency for their redemption," and (b) By revoking subparagraphs (b) and (c) of paragraph 2 thereof.

SECTION 2. The amendment made by this Order shall not affect any act done, or any right accruing or accrued or any suit or proceeding had or commenced in any civil or criminal cause prior to the date of this Order but all such liabilities shall continue and may be enforced as if said amendments had not been made.

JOHN F. KENNEDY
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 4, 1963

As said, Executive Order 11110 is still valid. According to Title 3, United States Code, Section 301 dated January 26, 1998: Executive Order (EO) 10289 dated Sept. 17, 1951, 16 F.R. 9499, was as amended by:

The 1974 and 1987 amendments, added after Kennedy's 1963 amendment, did not change or alter any part of Kennedy's EO 11110. A search of Clinton's 1998 and 1999 EO's and Presidential Directives has shown no reference to any alterations, suspensions, or changes to EO 11110.

The Federal Reserve Bank, a.k.a Federal Reserve System, is a Private Corporation. Black's Law Dictionary defines the "Federal Reserve System" as: "Network of twelve central banks to which most national banks belong and to which state chartered banks may belong. Membership rules require investment of stock and minimum reserves." privately owned banks own the stock of the FED. This was explained in more detail in the case of Lewis v. United States, Federal Reporter, 2nd Series, Vol. 680, Pages 1239, 1241 (1982), where the court said: "Each Federal Reserve Bank is a separate corporation owned by commercial banks in its region. The stockholding commercial banks elect two-thirds of each Bank's nine member board of directors." In short, Federal Reserve Banks are locally controlled by their member banks.

Also, according to Black's Law Dictionary, these privately owned banks are "allowed" to issue money: "The Federal Reserve Act, created Federal Reserve banks which act as agents in maintaining money reserves, issuing money in the form of bank notes, lending money to banks, and supervising banks as administered by Federal Reserve Board (q.v.)." Thus the privately owned Federal Reserve (FED) banks are allowed to actually issue (create) the "money" we use.

In 1964, the House Committee on Banking and Currency, Subcommittee on Domestic Finance, at the second session of the 88th Congress, put out a study entitled Money Facts which contains a good description of what the FED is: "The Federal Reserve is a total moneymaking machine. It can issue money or checks. And it never has a problem of making its checks good because it can obtain the $5 and $10 bills necessary to cover its check simply by asking the Treasury Department's Bureau of Engraving to print them." Any one person or any closely knit group that has a lot of money has a lot of power. Imagine a group of people with the power to create money. Imagine the power these people would have. This is exactly what the privately owned FED is!

No man did more to expose the power of the FED than Louis T. McFadden, who was the Chairman of the House Banking Committee back in the 1930s. In describing the FED, he remarked in the Congressional Record, House pages 1295 and 1296 on June 10, 1932:

"Mr. Chairman, we have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal reserve banks. The Federal Reserve Board, a Government Board, has cheated the Government of the United States and he people of the United States out of enough money to pay the national debt. The depredations and the iniquities of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal reserve banks acting together have cost this country enough money to pay the national debt several times over. This evil institution has impoverished and ruined the people of the United States; has bankrupted itself, and has practically bankrupted our Government. It has done this through the
mal-administration of that law by which the Federal Reserve Board, and through the corrupt practices of the moneyed vultures who control it.

Some people think the Federal Reserve Banks are United States Government institutions. They are not Government institutions, departments, or agencies. They are private credit monopolies, which prey upon the people of the United States for the benefit of themselves and their foreign customers. Those 12 private credit monopolies were deceitfully placed upon this country by bankers who came here from Europe and who repaid us for our hospitality by undermining our American institutions.

The FED basically works like this: The government granted its power to create money to the FED banks. They create money, then loan it back to the government charging interest. The government levies income taxes to pay the interest on the debt. On this point, it's interesting to note that the Federal Reserve Act and the sixteenth amendment, which gave congress the power to collect income taxes, were both passed in 1913. The incredible power of the FED over the economy is universally admitted. Some people, especially in the banking and academic communities, support it. On the other hand, there are those like President John F. Kennedy, that have spoken out against it. His efforts were lauded about in Jim Marrs' 1990 book Crossfire:

Another overlooked aspect of Kennedy's attempt to reform American society involves money. Kennedy apparently reasoned that by returning to the constitution, which states that only Congress shall coin and regulate money, the soaring national debt could be reduced by not paying interest to the bankers of the Federal Reserve System, who print paper money then loan it to the government at interest. He moved in this area on June 4, 1963, by signing Executive Order 11110 which called for the issuance of $4,292,893,815 in United States Notes through the U.S. Treasury rather than the traditional Federal Reserve System. That same day, Kennedy signed a bill changing the backing of one and two dollar bills from silver to gold, adding strength to the weakened U.S. currency.

Kennedy's comptroller of the currency, James J. Saxon, had been at odds with the powerful Federal Reserve Board for some time, encouraging broader investment and lending powers for banks that were not part of the Federal Reserve system. Saxon also had decided that non-Reserve banks could underwrite general obligation bonds, again weakening the dominant Federal Reserve banks."

In a speech made to Columbia University on Nov. 12, 1963, ten days before his assassination, President John Fitzgerald Kennedy said: "The high office of the President has been used to foment a plot to destroy the American's freedom and before I leave office, I must inform the citizen of this plight." In this matter, John Fitzgerald Kennedy appears to be the subject of his own book... a true Profile of Courage. According to the Constitution of the United States, (Article 1 Section 8), only Congress has the authority to coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures. However, since 1913 this Article has been ignored by creation and existence of the Federal Reserve Act, which has given a private owned corporation the power and authority to "create" and coin the money of United States. The Federal Reserve is comprised of 12 private credit monopolies who have been given the authority to control the supply of the "Federal Reserve Notes," interest rates and all the other monetary and banking phenomena.

The way the Federal Reserve works is this: 12 private credit monopolies "create", (print), Federal Reserve Notes that are then "lent" to the American government. This is a circular affair in that the government grants the FED power to create the money, which the FED then loans back to the government, charging interests. The government levies income taxes to pay the interest on the debt. It is interesting to note that the Federal Reserve Act and the sixteenth amendment which gave congress the power to collect income taxes, were both passed in 1913. The Federal Reserve Notes are not backed by anything of "intrinsic" value. (i.e., gold or silver).

On June 4, 1963, President, John Fitzgerald Kennedy signed a Presidential decree, Executive Order 11110, which stripped the Federal Reserve Banking System of its power to loan money to the United States Federal Government at interest. This decree meant that for every ounce of silver in the U.S. Treasury's vault, the U.S. government could introduce new money into circulation based on the silver bullion physically held therein. As a result, more than $4 trillion in United States Notes were brought into circulation in $2 and $5 denominations. $10 and $20 United States Notes were never circulated but were being printed by the Treasury Department when Kennedy was assassinated. Kennedy knew that if the silver backed United States Notes were widely circulated, they would have eliminated the demand for Federal Reserve Notes. By giving the U.S. Treasury the Constitutional authority to coin U.S. money once again, EO 11110 would thus prevent the national debt from rising due to "usury" that the American people are charged for "borrowing" (i.e., using)
FRN's.

Kennedy knew that, if Congress coined and regulated money, as the Constitution states, the national debt would be reduced by not paying interest to the 12 credit monopolies. This in itself would have allowed the American people freedom to freely use all the money they have earned, enabling the economy to grow. Now, Executive Order 11110 is still in effect, even though no U.S. President has had the courage to follow it. As Americans, it is our duty to question the Federal Reserve System and the power that we have given it by electing presidents that lack the courage of John Fitzgerald Kennedy.

The
following from the Congressional Record (pages 1295 - 1296) for the testimony of Congressman Louis T. MacFadden in 1932:

"Mr. Chairman, we have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known.
I refer to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve banks, which have cheated the government and the people of the United States out of enough money to pay the national debt several times over.
This evil institution has impoverished and ruined the people of the United States and has practically bankrupted our government. It has done this through the defects of the law under which it operates, through the government. It has done this through the defects of the law under which it operates, through the
mal-administration of that law, and through the corrupt practices of the moneyed vultures who control it!

Some people think the Federal Reserve banks are United States government institutions.

They are not! They are private credit monopolies which prey upon the people of the United States for the benefit of themselves and their foreign swindlers; and the rich and predatory money lenders. Among those financial pirates, there are those who send money into states to buy votes to control our legislation; and there are those who maintain international propaganda for the purpose of deceiving us and wheedling us into granting new concessions which will permit them to cover up their past misdeeds and set again in motion their gigantic train of crime. These twelve private credit monopolies were deceitfully and disloyally foisted upon this Country by bankers who came here from Europe and repaid our hospitality by undermining our American institutions. Those bankers took money out of this Country to finance Japan in a war against Russia. They created a reign of terror in Russia with our money. They planned and instigated the Russian
Revolution.

In 1912, the National Monetary Association, under the chairmanship of the late Senator Nelson Aldrich, presented a vicious bill called the National Reserve Association Bill. This is usually spoken of as the Aldrich bill although Aldrich did not write the bill.

He was the tool, if not the accomplice, of the European bankers who, for nearly twenty years, had been scheming to set up a central bank in America.
In 1912 they were spending and are continuing to spend vast sums of money to accomplish their purpose.

We were opposed to the Aldrich plan for a central bank. The men who ruled the Democratic Party then promised the people that if the were returned to power there would be no central bank established here, while they held the reigns of government.
Thirteen months later that promise was broken, and the Wilson administration, under the tutelage of sinister Wall Street figures established, here in our free Country, the worm-eaten monarchical institution of the "King's Bank", to control us from the top downward, and to shackle us from the cradle to the grave...Every effort has been made by the Federal Reserve Board to conceal its powers but the truth is...the Fed has usurped the government. It controls everything here and it controls all our foreign
relations!"
~ Congressman Louis T. MacFadden, speech in Congress, June 10, 1932

"The Federal Reserve (Banks) are one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever seen.
There is not a man within the sound of my voice, who does not know that this Nation is run by the International Bankers.
~ Congressman Louis T. MacFadden

In 1932, Congressman Louis MacFadden was trying to tell the American people that the U.S. Government was "nearly
bankrupt." Shortly thereafter, he died under mysterious circumstances.

Christians
everywhere celebrate and remember Jesus' life, death on the Cross, and His
resurrection 3 days later, every year at Easter.

The
world remembers Jesus by the "year" every time we write the date, i.e.
December 25th, 2012 as 2,012 years since Jesus came to Earth as both man and
God.

The
Ten Comandments

Thou
Shall Not Have any Other Gods Before Me.

Thou
Shall Not Make Unto Thee Any Graven Image.

Thou
Shall Not Take The Name of The Lord Thy God In Vain.

Remember
The Sabbath Day And Keep It Holy.

Honor
Thy Father and Thy Mother.

Thou
Shall Not Kill.

Thou
Shall Not Commit Adultery.

Thou
Shall Not Steal.

Thou
Shall Not Bear False Witness.

Thou
Shall Not Covet.

Constitutional
lawyers, bankers, friends of liberty and Patriots wanting to publish white
papers on the Federal Reserve on this site - are invited to send an
Executive Summary of < 500 words to us for consideration by our
Publishing Committee, which is presently comprised by Patriots who are:
Professors, Attorneys and Bankers to: info@AbolishTheFederalReserve.com

"If the Bible's explanation of evil is just a 'myth,' then why are so many
anti-Christians doing everything they can to fulfill that 'myth'."
~ Leonard Ulrich - NWO: Secret Societies and Biblical Prophecy