100 200 300 400 500 600 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 412 Total Security Incidents Although fights against ISIS ended and official victory was announced on 10th December 2017 but sporadic attacks by pockets of ISIS in the liberated areas still persist and the security situations have caused the slow pace of reconstruction and the return of the IDPs. While life phenomena have revived in most of the liberated areas but lack of services, swath of infrastructure destruction particularly in the western side of Mosul city and existence of residual explosive hazards paralyzed the development and IDPs’ return.

The number of IDPs as per the IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix DTM dashboard from Jan 2014 up to October 15th, 2018 is 1,879,938 with 4,090,242 number of returnees. The returnees’ direction is towards the liberated areas with the majority wave is towards Ninewa governorate. While 8.7 M people are in need as per the OCHA source, but the residents are most cautiously optimistic about the future of their war-torn city. Countless numbers of improvised explosive devices, mines and unexploded ordnance are also a main risk as they return home. Reports from iMMAP’s Mobile Data Collection enumerators in the field still show that a large scale of infrastructure is damaged and explosive hazards are left both on the primary and secondary roads and under the rubbish of ruined buildings affected by the operations.

Delivering lifesaving assistances such as protection, food, healthcare, shelter, water, sanitation and hygiene to those in need and affected by the repeated conflicts still constitute the major and most intricate humanitarian operations in the area amid the volatile and strained security situation and inaccessibility to some other areas. While a majority of households have started to return to their areas of origin, figures from DTM still show that around 2 million people still remain internally displaced and secondary displacements continue to occur and protection remained a priority throughout the year with social, ethnic and political tensions.

iMMAP-IHF Multi-Dimensional Risk Mitigation Information Management Center continues to rapidly assess the contamination and residual of explosive hazards in the areas affected by the conflict for the expedited response both by the protection actors and government authorities and provide systematic mainstreaming of cross-cutting and strategically information management support to the humanitarian partners for delivering prioritized assistance to the most vulnerable people affected by the military operations.

1.2 - Explosive Hazards 04 October 2018 An Armed Group: Blew up an IED on a military patrol while they were passing the Nada basin on the outskirts of Baladrooz district in Diyala governorate, the explosion injured a soldier. 06 October 2018 An Armed Group: Exploded a booby-trapped vehicle in Nazal neighborhood of Falluja city in Anbar governorate, the explosion killed 2 Police Forces members and injured 3 civilians. 06 October 2018 Security Forces: Found and cleared 4 ISIS tunnels in Khorsabad village of Ba'shiqa subdistrict in Ninewa governorate, the tunnels contained weapons and ammunition.

08 October 2018 Security Forces: Found and cleared 71 IEDs, 5 adhesive IEDs and 3 electronic boards used for adhesive IEDs in Al-Wailiya village, they also found and cleared 6 IEDs and 2 mortar shells round 82mm in Al-Salam village of Hammam Alil subdistrict in Ninewa governorate. 11 October 2018 An Armed Group: An IED exploded near the house of Patriotic Union of Kurdistan’s Organizational Deputy Assistance in Daquq district in Kirkuk governorate, the explosion caused material damages only. 14 October 2018 Security Forces: Destroyed 6 ISIS tunnels and cleared an IED and 2 mortar shells during a search operation in Al-Khan and Dabuna areas, they also cleared 38 locally made IEDs in Shanaf Al-Hawi area near Euphrates river in Ninewa governorate.

1.2 - Explosive Hazards The aftermath of extensive conflict in Iraq to retake areas from the ISIS has left behind more contamination to the legacy contaminated areas from consecutive armed conflicts and wars in Iraq. The presence of explosive hazards, including improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in areas liberated from the ISIS will continue to impede the security and stability efforts and humanitarian supports until they are cleared. It could take a decade to clear Mosul of existed explosives. Over three years of occupation of the city, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria ISIS mined and booby-trapped large areas of Mosul. Heavy military operations have incomparably littered and contaminated the city with mines, explosive remnants of war such as cluster munition and unexploded ordnance of artillery shells and hand grenades. In the western parts of the city, where the fighting was especially extreme, massive debris fields left behind completely contaminated with explosive devices and require much technical effort to remove and clear them.

1.3 - Armed Clash Areas Armed Clash Areas in Mosul Corridor, Hawiga and Western Anbar Operations Areas (1- 31 October 2018) Affected People (10 December 2017 to 31 October 2018) 980 People Injured 86 People Released 4082 People Captured 3145 People Killed 07 October 2018 ISIS: Attacked Federal Police Forces point near Al-Rabza village of Riyadh subdistrict located 55km in the west of Kirkuk governorate, in which a FPF member killed and 3 others injured during the attack. 08 October 2018 An Armed Group: Attacked military personnel and PMF in Heet district in Anbar governorate, killing a PMF member and 2 soldiers and injured another PMF member.

The process of returning IDPs has begun on a scant scale and a big portion of IDPs are unable to return to their areas due to the contamination and huge damage incurred to the infrastructure in their living areas. While there is a big hope for the residents that the situation and economy will boom after the expulsion of ISIS and return of local business but lack of most pressing services and fluctuated security situation still remain a big challenge. The iMMAP’s security incidents and infrastructure data show that there are still incidents ongoing in the liberated areas, which have caused the sluggishness of the economy and whole infrastructure development. Almost all parts of the areas affected by the military operations have incurred damage to the infrastructure, with some areas completely destroyed and requiring years to rebuild. The majority of inflicted infrastructures are hospitals, schools, working places, governmental buildings and religious and historical sites. Mosul’s damaged roads, bridges and a boom in economy will take at least five years to repair and need billions of dollars of development that will weight a big financial burden on Iraq’s government, officials returning to the battle-affected city said. The facilities that provide public services such as the airport, railway station and university were all destroyed in the long fight to dislodge Islamic State militants from their main Iraqi strongholds. Both local authorities and humanitarian actors are working to meet the critical needs of vulnerable children, women and men displaced by the fighting and of those returning to their war-damaged homes providing urgent assistances to the affected communities, the major issues are still the huge infrastructure destruction of assets such as water supplies, power stations and acute health facilities. Humanitarian partners provide emergency food, water and essential items to the affected communities and vulnerables.

3- Mobile Data Collection of Current Explosive Hazards (1- 31 October 2018) iMMAP-IHF project through its eclectic experienced Mobile Data Collection MDC survey team is operating in the war-torn and insecure areas in/around Ninewa, Kirkuk, Anbar, Diyala and Salah Al-din governorates to collect real time explosive hazard data evaluate their impact on humanitarian access and vulnerable people and assess the threat impacted on the infrastructure then send all the garnered real time data in the fields to iMMAP office to process them for cleaning, validation, integration, analyzation and effectiveness and immediately produce analytical reports and informative maps to the humanitarian partners and local authorities to respond and take required immediate measures.