FES is a means of producing contractions in muscles, paralysed due to
central nervous system lesions, by means of electrical stimulation.
Applications are found in stroke, spinal cord injury, head injury, cerebral
palsy and multiple sclerosis. The electrical stimulation is applied either by
skin surface electrodes or by implanted electrodes. The department has a number
of projects developing its own techniques or assessing devices produced
elsewhere. Some of the developments have progressed from research to clinical
service.