'The sea is orange' – this is what I wrote to the Green Heritage Fund of Suriname during the spring of 2012. I was conducting research in the offshore waters of Suriname and was surprised to see the huge amounts of Sargassum (algae) floating in large mats on the surface of the ocean.

Sargassum — from which the Sargasso Sea takes its name — was described by Christopher Columbus as 'great quantities of weed' floating in the ocean. Some 500 years later, in May 2014, seaweed began accumulating along the coast of Suriname and eventually washing up at Braamspunt.

These major 'seaweed beaching events' are documented in the Gulf of Mexico and more recently in the islands of the Lesser Antilles where, during the summer of 2011, a large amount of pelagic Sargassum washed ashore. Although non-toxic to humans these 'Golden tides' (the beaching of floating Sargassum) can smother whole coastlines resulting in large piles of rotten weed which can cause problems for nesting turtles and tourists alike. Turtle (post)-hatchlings are also known to have washed up in storm-driven Sargassum tides on the same nesting beach on which they might have hatched several weeks or even months before. In the case of Braamspunt, the 'Golden tide' was not too extensive, however, questions were raised as to why it had appeared and what exactly was it?

Sargassum is seaweed which spends its entire life adrift, and reproduces simply by growing and breaking apart or by making new floating thalli. It is quite leathery and tough and has features that resemble 'leaves' and a 'stem'. It also has well-developed gas bladders which allows it to float. It is one of the few sea weeds that do not need to attach to a hard substrate but instead drifts at the surface in a free-floating state. Sargassum is believed to start growing rapidly in spring by making new thalli in response to nutrients. The currents then spread the mats of Sargassum and this rapid expansion can spread over many kilometers, and is even capable of crossing the Atlantic.

In 2011 satellite data showed a large shift in the distribution of Sargassum with a significant increase in Sargassum-like detections in an area off northern Brazil, centered at about 7° N, 45° W, where previous detections had only revealed very small amounts (Gower et al., 2013). The increase in these detections started in April 2011 and reached a peak in July, returning to background levels by October when it is assumed that the aged thalli sink to the deep sea. The total amount at the time of the peak was in the region of three times more than the maximum total amount ever recorded by MERIS for the Gulf of Mexico (Gower & King, 2011). The satellite images in Figure 1 show the concentration of Sargassum developing off the coast of Suriname, and neighbouring countries, and clearly shows how it makes its way across the Atlantic to West Africa.

There are two species of floating Sargassum: Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans. They can be difficult to distinguish from a distance but at close range the characteristics of the structure of the leaves and the pods (gas bladders) are useful in differentiating between the two species (http://www.usm.edu/gcrl/sargassum/sargassum.identification.guide.php). However, we were warned by the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory that the characteristics can vary and identification of a particular sample may not always be straightforward. In the case of the Braamspunt Sargassum the pods were not 'tipped with spikes or small leaves' and the leaves were 'short-stalked and broad-shaped'. We were clearly dealing with Sargassum fluitans – the same species as we had identified previously whilst offshore in 2012.

The floating Sargassum mats create a valuable and unique habitat for many highly adapted and even endemic animal species. In 2012, we observed a variety of seabirds, fish, turtles and also dolphins in close proximity to these golden mats. Furthermore, and very important indeed, is the fact that Sargassum provides a nursery for young turtles where they feed and hide from predators (Witherington et al., 2012). Sargassum also acts as a spawning ground for many fish species, including flyingfish, marlin and tuna and is the only breeding location for the threatened European and American eels (Laffoley et al., 2013). The larvae of both the European eel and the American eel develop in the Sargassum mats, after which the young larvae will migrate to Europe or the East Coast of North America. In due course the adult eels will then migrate back to the Sargasso Sea to once again lay their eggs into these golden mats.

More recently the Sargasso Sea was described as 'the golden floating rainforest of the Atlantic Ocean' (Laffoley et al., 2013), a wonderful and fitting description. I write this piece in May 2015 from the offshore waters of Suriname where I am once again conducting research and as I look through my cabin porthole I can see the 'Suriname golden floating rainforest' drift by – and it is full of life.

On some days, like 18th August 2013, you can find hundreds of hermit crabs on the beach. They usually sit piled close to each other on a piece of driftwood or are nestled among other shells along the shore. Contrary to what their name suggests, hermit crabs don't like to be alone. They thrive in groups. When collecting gastropod shells it is very important to check if there's really no one in there!

Unlike true crabs, hermit crabs have soft, vulnerable bodies that need protection. For that purpose they will forage for shells left by other animals, and will switch homes when they grow bigger. If shells aren't available, they'll carry around bits of wood or even plastic bottle caps to protect themselves. Hermit crabs are scavengers. There are around 1100 species of hermit crabs and most species are nocturnal. They vary in size from a few millimeters to as large as a big coconut and have a lifespan of 12 to 70 years! The shell-less hermit crab Birgus latro (coconut crab) is the world's largest terrestrial invertebrate (wikipedia.org, 2014).

Please do not support the hermit crab pet trade. Leave them where they belong: in the wild!

Braamspunt, 13th October 2013. We were looking at the small barnacles on this piece of driftwood when a quick moving black dot caught our interest. It appeared to be a very tiny and peculiar looking spider, and with such a big pair of front legs, Popeye came to mind instantly.

The Marpissa pikeialso known as the pike slender jumper or long-bodied jumping spider, has a very long and narrow body (more than twice as long as wide). Thanks to this specialised body shape, it can hide while stretching along twigs or blades of grass. When resting or hiding the two pairs of front legs are stretched in front while the two pairs of hind legs are tucked behind, along the tail. Both sexes are about 8 mm long, excluding the legs. While the male has a broad black median stripe spanning the whole body and orange front legs and carapace orange, the female has a duller coloration, with the abdomen pale cream-colored, speckled with black. Looks like we've encountered a male spider!

These spiders are very hard to spot when still. Once they move, they are exceedingly quick and jerky. The enlarged first pair of legs is not used in walking, but is extended in front. When males spot a female, they approach it with their front legs extended and waving, prior to mating. They like to hide in low or tall grasses, especially along seashores. According to Wikipedia this spider is found in the eastern USA, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Cuba. Now we can add Braamspunt, Suriname to the list! (en.wikipedia.org, 2014).