LONDON (Reuters) - Saudi Arabia suspects a virus that has
killed hundreds of people there may have arrived in camels from
the Horn of Africa, and could ban such imports until it knows
more, the kingdom's chief scientist told Reuters.

Any ban on the camel trade with the region would badly hurt
the already fragile economy of Somalia, which is a major
livestock exporter to Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Tariq Madani, who heads the scientific advisory board of
the Saudi health ministry command and control center (CCC) - set
up to handle the outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome or
MERS - said scientists are currently testing camels at sea ports
before authorities allow them in.

MERS was first identified in humans in 2012 and is caused by
a coronavirus from the same viral family as the one that caused
a deadly outbreak of SARS in China in 2003. More than 700 people
in Saudi Arabia have contracted it and 292 of them have died,
according to the latest data from the Saudi health ministry.

"We do have suspicions that the disease may have been
imported through camel trade from the Horn of Africa, but we
haven't proved it yet," Madani told Reuters in a telephone
interview from Jeddah.

He said the final decision on a ban on camel imports from
the region lies with the agriculture ministry. Officials there
could not be reached for comment but Madani said the ministry
"hasn't yet released an official ban for the importation of
camels", although colleagues there had told him such a move is
"under consideration".

"We have always imported camels from the African Horn . . .
but we will stop that until we get more information on whether
they are infected or not," he said.

Saudi Arabia has previously been criticized for its handling
of the MERS outbreak, which public health experts say could have
been under control by now if officials and scientists there had
been more willing to collaborate on studies into how the virus
operates and where it is coming from.

Much more scientific research is needed to nail down the
source of the MERS infections in humans and exactly how it makes
the leap, but preliminary studies suggest the virus's animal
reservoir is likely to be camels.

Viruses frequently jump from animals into people in what are
called zoonotic events - and while many of them peter out, some
can develop into human epidemics.

"Since this is a zoonotic disease we are collaborating with
the ministry of agriculture to answer the question of whether
these camels imported from the African Horn are possible sources
of infection," Madani said.

LIVESTOCK EXPORTS

Saudi Arabia is by far the biggest market for livestock from
Somalia, with at least 70 percent of Somali exports going to the
kingdom. The rest go mostly to other Middle East states such as
the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Yemen, Qatar and Egypt.

Somalia exported about 4.7 million animals in 2013. Sheep
and goats account for roughly 80 percent, followed by camels and
some cattle.

Most exports go via two Gulf of Aden ports - Bossaso and
Berbera - in two breakaway regions of northern Somalia, but the
animals come from all over the country, with some arriving
across porous borders with southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya.

Madani said that while Saudi Arabia does have some domestic
camels, most of those used for meat and trade are imported from
the Horn of Africa.

Lisa Murillo, an expert in virology and affiliate scientist
at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States, said
she had analyzed data on human MERS cases in the Middle East and
camel imports from the Horn of Africa - and found striking
correlations that cry out for further investigation.

As a result of her findings, Murillo says she has developed
what she acknowledges is a "very speculative hypothesis" - that
the number of MERS cases in Arabian Peninsula countries is
related to the number of camels imported into those countries.

"That correlation just leaps off the page," she told Reuters
in a telephone interview.

"The most important thing we need to be doing right now -
outside of Saudi Arabia and the UAE - is looking for human and
camel cases of MERS in the Horn of Africa - particularly in the
ports of Somalia," she said. "If it turns out to be in camels
there, why wouldn't it be in humans there as well?"

Madani said teams of scientists working under his leadership
at the CCC were doing exactly that in Saudi.

"As we speak we are doing a study on camels imported from
the Horn of Africa," he said. "We are taking samples from them
in the sea ports before they are allowed in, and we're also
taking samples from people handling them to test them for
antibodies."

STRUGGLING SOMALIA

Murillo said data from the United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization on national camel stocks in 2012 show
there were 7 million camels in Somalia compared with 260,000 in
Saudi Arabia.

Experts say that if Saudi Arabia does ban imports from
Somalia, it could have a severe impact on a nation struggling to
rebuild itself while an Islamist insurgency rages.

A previous Saudi ban on Somali livestock exports in 2000 -
the concerns then were rinderpest and Rift Valley fever -
hammered the economy before it was lifted in 2009. From 2
million head shipped in 2008, exports jumped to 3 million in
2009 and hit 4.8 million in 2012, according to an EU official.

"It would be very serious, quite devastating," said Ernest
Njoroge, Somalia program officer in charge of livestock and
fisheries for the European Union. "In the year 2000, there was a
total ban of the livestock and that was very very devastating."

Some African traders grumble that exports are already
looking weak in 2014, although the peak export season is only
just starting.

Most shipments are made before the Muslim holidays of Eid
el-Fitr - at the end of the fasting month of Ramadan which
begins this coming weekend - and Eid al-Adha which follows a few
weeks later.

Njoroge said it would become clear how the trade is doing
only in about October or November.

"Most Somalis depend on livestock and when there is no
export there is an economic crisis, particularly for the
pastoralists and traders," said Ahmed Hussein, a livestock
trader speaking to Reuters by telephone from Baladweyne, a town
in central Somalia. He said business was slow.

"When livestock is exported there is circulation of money.
Now since there is no export, the livestock price is down
locally," he added.

Abdisalan Omar, a restaurant owner in Mogadishu, said male
camels for export can sell for $700 to $900, but go for $400 to
$500 when sold for domestic consumption.