Pitfall vs fence traps in feeding efficiency of antlion larvae

Abstract

Larvae of pit-building antlions are expected to be more efficient at capturing prey than those of non-pit-builders. To test this prediction, feeding behaviors were compared in the same experimental conditions among pit-building Baliga micans and Myrmeleon bore, and non-pit-building Distoleon contubernalis. The number of prey eaten did not differ between species. D. contubernalis larvae used the walls of the experimental chamber as fence traps to capture prey. In the field, they were also found near edges of natural barriers, such as rocks, stones, tree roots, and plant stems. Artificial pitfall traps captured more arthropods near the edges of fences than farther from them. Larvae of the two pit-building species were located in the central part of the experimental chamber. In their natural habitats, the number of arthropods captured by artificial pitfall traps increased with pit size; thus, larger pits may be more efficient for capturing prey. In conclusion, pit-building and non-pit-building antlion larvae are both efficient hunters; the former hunt efficiently by making larger pitfall traps, and the latter do so by waiting for prey at the edge of the natural fences along which arthropods walk.

Notes

Acknowledgements

We thank Katsuyuki Eguchi and Aya Takahashi for their useful comments on an early version of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We also thank Kosei Hashimoto, Tomoki Nakagawa, and Yuki Murakami for assisting with fieldwork.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not report on any study with human participants performed by any of the authors.