Electricity Generation and Load Shedding

Impact of Load Shedding and use of UPS and Generators on Living Standards of Lahore Chapter 1:
INTRODUCTIONEnergy is now days in Pakistan become the debate for traders, businessmen, house wives, students, ministers and all the victims from lack of energy. Lahore city experienced 12 hours extreme load shedding in this peak hot weather. The routine life of the residents is badly disturbed by the long load-shedding in the country. In recent years, the continuous and rapid growth in population in urban areas and growth of industrialization in Pakistan has affected the demand of electricity very badly in country. The demand of the electricity in country is much greater than the supply and production of electricity in country. This situation causes electricity crisis in Pakistan. The duration of load shedding reached14 to 18 hours a day. Shortage of electricity has reached 5500 MW, 12 to 14 hours in urban areas and 18 hours in rural areas as a result of landing time. Are the most affected industries is difficult to meet deadlines and deliver goods in time because of the energy problem. Many industries have been in the country closed, which caused the increase in unemployment and human suffering. The main reason overdue the load shedding is due to a clash between the Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) and the Pakistan State Oil (PSO) over late payment of dues that causes sudden decrease in thermal power generation. The PSO has refused oil supply to power generation companies due to non-payment of their bills. 40% of power houses are closed due to non-supply of oil. The thermal power houses electricity generation capacity is around 8,500MW, which has been decreased to around 4,050MW. Likewise, the "capacity was 3500 MW to 1223 MW is reduced, and the 221-capacity rental power generation" will be reduced to only 20MW. However, the amount of fuel is delivered, 4,000-5,000 MW of electricity can be added to the national grid. Electricity is the major font of power for any country greatest of the economic activities. Lahore is facing terrible load shedding as compared to other cities. It disturbed the lives of every resident of Lahore no matter in which field they are. Overview of Load Shedding

Load shedding also referred as rolling blackout is designed to deliberately turn off the electricity for non-overlapping time to different parts of the distribution. Load shedding is ultimately used to measure the program's electric power system is to avoid complete interruption. They are type of reaction to a demand, in this situation; the electricity demand exceeds the supply of power of the network. Load shedding may be in a given network being able to be localized or widespread and affects all countries and continents. Load shedding usually results from two reasons: Production capacity or inadequate transmission infrastructure to provide sufficient power to the lack of space. Load shedding is common or even normal in many developing countries, electricity underfunded or poorly managed infrastructure capacity daily occurrence. Load shedding is rare in developed countries because the demand accurately predicted, suitable infrastructure investment is planned and well-managed network, the following events will be taken into account in the planning of failure is unacceptable and can cause significant political damage to responsible government. Well-managed high-capacity systems to the current plan and announced in advance to public so they can work around, but in most cases occur without warning, usually the transmission frequency falls below the "safe" limit. When more companies to supply the demand for electricity production or transport, or installed capacity has more than you can deliver, companies, electricity available to his clients to resort to controlling. This act is called load shedding. Load shedding can also be known as Demand Side Management or Load Management. Load shedding frequently takes place when the total electric...

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...Electricity is in short supply in Pakistan, and as a result electric loadshedding, break downs, power outages, fluctuations, blackouts etc are a common feature in the country. Whether it is summer or winter, loadshedding is there. Some times it is scheduled, while or other occasions it is totally unscheduled.. It can be confidently said that the electric supply has never been reliable at any time in Pakistan.
Factors of loadshedding:
There are many factors behind electric loadshedding in Pakistan. These factors include shortage in river waters, over population, new connections, electric supply to villages, low generation of electricity, fewer dams, power theft, line losses etc. Then loadshedding is the result of corruption, inefficiency, mismanagement and defective planning in KESC besides incomplete projects, misuse of available resources, no generation from atomic and solar energy, lack of consensus and the apathy of the government contribute to loadshedding.
Loadshedding is a great curse. It brings untold misery to people belonging to all walks of life weather they are students, patients, businessman, industrialists, farmers, laborers, mechanics, house wives etc. It brings all economic, Agricultural and...

...Electricitygeneration is the process of creating electricity from other forms of energy.
The fundamental principles of electricitygeneration were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday. His basic method is still used today: electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between the poles of a magnet.[1]
For electric utilities, it is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. The other processes, electric power transmission, electricity distribution, and electrical power storage and recovery using pumped storage methods are normally carried out by the electrical power industry.
Electricity is most often generated at a power station by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by chemical combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind. There are many other technologies that can be and are used to generate electricity such as solar photovoltaics and geothermal power.
History
Sources of electricity in France in 2006;[3] nuclear power was the main source.
Centralised power generation became possible when it was recognized that alternating current power lines can transport electricity at very low...

...IMPACT OF LOADSHEDDING ON PAKISTAN ECONOMY
Contents:
1. INTRODUCTION.
2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.
4. ACTUAL DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS.
5. CONCLUSIONS.
6. RECOMMANDATION AND SUGGESTIONS.
7. SCOPE OF THE STUDY.
1. INTRODUCTION:
In today’s contemporary world, there are certain threats that have become the most significant issues for the world economy to deal with. These include an ever increasing population, intensifying regional conflicts and the most severe threats of all; the depleting power and energy reserves. Electricity shortage and loadshedding is a phenomena that is not new to Pakistan but……………..
2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Pakistan has been facing an unprecedented energy crisis since the last few years. Its energy need are likely to be doubled in the next decade as energy consumption in Pakistan is severely high with various sectors such as agriculture, industrial, commercial etc. consuming high level of energy. The power sector is consuming 33.1 percent of the total produced crude oil and 37.2 percent of gas, coming from 173 gas fields operating in the country…………….
3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
Making policies has never been the plight of our government. It is the lack of implementation which keeps the wheel of crisis moving. Today our government not only needs to take initiatives and hard decisions it also...

...pk
ESSAY
LOADSHEDDING IN PAKISTAN
There are number of problems which exist in Pakistan, among these problem Loadshedding is the one major problem of Pakistan .There are several reasons of Loadshedding.
Here we discussed few of them and then its effect on the Pakistan. The first main reason of loadshedding is energy crisis, these crisis are due to small number of dams or may be due to miss use of electricity or may be some other reasons also effect, a huge number of person used electricity without pay its bill so it also cause loadshedding in Pakistan.
In presence of loadshedding progress is not possible in Pakistan. Here we also discussed about some problem which happens due to Loadshedding.
Loadshedding in Pakistan
Loadshedding in Pakistan essay is discussed here.
The first problem which happened due to loadshedding is the failure of industry in Pakistan .This effect badly on all types of industry. In mini industry there is no alternative source of electricity so when loadshedding started these industries stop their work.
In big industry although they have a source of electricity but...

...Electricitygeneration is the process of creating electricity from other forms of energy.
The fundamental principles of electricitygeneration were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday. His basic method is still used today: electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between the poles of a magnet.[1]
For electric utilities, it is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. The other processes, electricity transmission, distribution, and electrical power storage and recovery using pumped storage methods are normally carried out by the electrical power industry.
Electricity is most often generated at a power station by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by chemical combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind. There are many other technologies that can be and are used to generate electricity such as solar photovoltaics and geothermal power.
Sources of electricity in the U.S. in 2009[2] fossil fuel generation (mainly coal) was the largest source.
Contents[hide] * 1 History * 2 Methods of generating electricity * 2.1 Turbines * 2.2 Reciprocating engines * 2.3 Photovoltaic...

...Loadshedding was implemented to save money. It also saves pollution.
Loadshedding is what electric utilities do when there is a huge demand for electricity that exceeds the generation available. The alternative is to have a brown-out where the voltage is reduced.
It costs a lot to have generators standing by just in case there is a surge of demand, and the operators of those generators expect to be paid whether they run the generators or not. An alternative is if there is a large consumer of electricity (say, a factory) that could suddenly turn off all its electricity demand, they could agree to do that on request, and it has the same benefit as adding that amount of generation to the electric grid. In fact, it's better -- as there is less demand on the wires which are often saturated at the same time.
That factory has losses from shutting down its equipment and idling its workers, but if the money it gets paid is enough, then it's worth it. This is a perfect example of loadshedding.
There are many other cases where lots of smaller consumers agree to reduce demand on hot summer days, such as by reducing air conditioning or lighting.
Someone who aggregates all these smaller cases can have the same effect as one big generator and so get the same money, and the operators of the electric grid are happy...

...Eskom’s ‘Loadshedding’
Our community seems outraged by Eskom. People feel that because they paying for their power then why should they save? Yes it is Eskom’sfault that they never placed a power back up system but we do have to live with it for a while unfortunately.
However Eskom does claim that they are doing everything possible in order to accommodate everyone. People are saying though that they are not living up to any of their promises made in the beginning. In fact many claims and promises made were written in numerous articles but were contradicted by their lack of performance and failure to deliver.
People have been so outraged and disgusted by the loadshedding but at the same time they feel so helpless. People are not equipped with the knowledge as to how to deal with no electricity.
Examples of new adjustments people have to live with:
• People now have to learn how to use traffic lights as a four ways stop. This has caused accidents due to inpatient drivers taking a gap when possible and not obeying any of the rules.
• Doing their daily chores and activities without the use of electricity.
• Businesses suffer because they run mainly on power. This mainly means a loss of customers and money. Also a loss with production and slows everything down.
• This in fact slows the whole economy down.
False promises Eskom made and failed to deliver:
•...

...Name______________________ Revision worksheet Class2
Read the passage. Then circle the correct answer. Underline the verb in the passage.
Passage
My name is Eric. I am 12. I want to talk about my family. I have two sisters. Their names are Rachel and Carrie. Rachel is 18 years old. Carrie is 10 years old. They are very nice. My mother's name is Julia. She is 40 years old. My mother is also very nice.
My father's name is Andre. He is smart. He is an engineer. He builds bridges.
I also have a dog. My dog's name is Paw. He is a big dog. He is a brown dog. He is a big brown dog. I love my family.
Questions
1) How many sisters does Eric have?
A. one
B. two
C. three
2) How old is Eric's mom?
A. thirty years old
B. thirty-five years old
C. forty years old
3) Eric's dad is
A. a lawyer
B. an engineer
4) What is the name of Eric's dog?
A. Julia
B. Paw
C. Andre
5) What color is Eric's dog?
A. He is white.
B. He is black.
C. He is brown.
6) What is the name of Eric's younger sister?
A. Carrie
B. Rachel
C. Andre
7) What is the name of Eric's older sister?
A. Carrie
B. Rachel
C. Andre
Q2. Put the words in correct order to make the sentences.
To Friends going Bremen were four the
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Lives a he big city he in
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You why going are to market the...