The awareness of the relationship between an individual and the whole society

5.

Why is the sociological imagination an empowering tool?

It allows us to go beyond personal experience to understand broader public issues

6.

The body of knowledge obtained by methods based upon systematic observation is called what?

Science

7.

Why is sociology considered a science?

Sociologists engage in organized, systematic studies of phenomena in order to enhance understanding

8.

Astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology and physics study various aspects of the physical features of nature and are therefore considered...

Natural sciences

9.

Which social science would
be interested in studying the economic impact of Hurricane Katrina
in the U.S. and throughout the world?

Economists

10.

Which social science
emphasizes the influence that society has on people’s attitudes and behavior
and the ways in which people shape society?

Sociology

11.

What is a construct, made up model
that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated?

Ideal type

12.

What is a set of statements that
seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior. An effective theory may
have both explanatory and predictive power?

Sociological theory

13.

What did Emile Durkheim's study of suicide relate suicide rates to?

Group life, lack of cohesiveness of religious, social and occupational groups

14.

According to Emile Durkheim's study, ________ has a higher suicide rate that Catholics

Protestants

15.

Who coined the term "sociology"?

Auguste Comte

16.

Who translated the works of Auguste Comte into English?

Harriet Martineau

17.

Which early sociologist
applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they
change, or evolve, over time?

Herbert Spencer

18.

The word that Max Weber
used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective
meanings people attach to their actions was

Verstehen, greek for "understanding" "insight"

19.

An instructor in a
sociology class asks the students to make lists of the characteristics of the
best and worst possible instructors. These lists, which would be used to
evaluate all instructors,
are an example of

Surveying

20.

In Karl Marx’s analysis,
society was fundamentally divided between

Classes that clash in
pursuit of their own class interests

21.

Which aspect(s) of the
social system did Karl Marx believe enabled the owners of the means of
production to exploit the industrial workers?

Economic, social, political

22.

Intimate face to face
interactions was a central part of sociologist____________ sociological
theory.

Charles Horton Cooley

23.

Early female sociologists
such as Jane Addams often were active in poor urban areas as leaders of
community centers known as

Settlement houses

24.

By the middle of the twentieth century, the focus of the discipline
of sociology had shifted to

Theorizing and gathering
information

25.

Robert K. Merton made an
important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining

Theory and research

26.

Who's contributions to sociological theory include how capital included
material goods and the accumulation of knowledge, prestige, culture, and formal
schooling

Pierre Bourdieu

27.

For Pierre Bourdieu,
concepts such as knowledge, prestige, and culture are included in the broader
concept of

Capital

28.

The ________ perspective views society as a living organism in which each part of the organism
contributes to its survival and stability

Functionalist

29.

Sociologist
__________ saw “society as a vast network of connected parts, each
of which contributes to the maintenance of the system as a whole”.

Talcott Parsons

30.

The ________________ perspective
suggests that if an aspect of social life does
not contribute to a society’s stability, then it will not be passed on from one
generation to
the next.

Functionalist

31.

What are open stated, conscious
functions that involve intended, recognized consequences of an aspect of
society?

Manifest function

32.

A ________ is an
intuition that is open stated, conscious function. For colleges, their
role is certifying academic competence and excellence.

Manifest function

33.

What perspective focuses on the relationships of everyday life and would tend to view
inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization?

Feminist perspective

34.

What perspective
generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to
understand society as a whole?

Interactionist

35.

Which sociologist is widely
regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective?

George Herbert Mead

36.

The ___________perspective
holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and
manipulation of symbols?

Functionalist

37.

What is a systematic, organized
series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching
a problem?

Scientific Method

38.

If you were interested in
studying the relationship between date and acquaintance rape victims and the
characteristics of the rapist, the first step would be to:

Define the problem

39.

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40.

What is An explanation of an
abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to assess the
concept?

operational definition

41.

The phrase “women who
receive welfare are less likely than other women to have babies,” is
an example of

Casual logic

42.

What is commonly the second
step in the scientific method?

Reviewing the literature

43.

A speculative statement
about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a:

Hypothesis

44.

What is a measurable trait or
characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions?

Variable

45.

In Sociological research,
income, religion, race, gender, and marital status are examples of

Variables

46.

Researchers call the
variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable ___________

Independent variable

47.

Sociological studies have
indicated that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide
than people who are divorced. In this example, marital status is

An independent variable

48.

The race of a criminal
offender is associated with the frequency with which capital punishment
is administered. In this example, capital punishment would be considered
the:

Secondary variable

49.

The relationship between a
condition or a variable and a particular consequence, with one event
leading to the other, is known as

dependent variable

50.

The relationship between
two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the
other is known as

Correlation

51.

A selection from a
population that is statistically representative of that population is referred to
as

Sample

52.

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53.

In what type of sample does
each member of the entire population being studied have the same
chance of being selected?

Random sample

54.

What is the degree to which a
measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study?

Validity

55.

A research measure that
provides consistent results is considered

Reliability

56.

A factor held constant to
test the relative impact of the independent variable is known as a:

Control variable

57.

If a researcher wants to
know how adults in the United States feel about the laws governing abortion,
he or she might attempt to use a respondent’s marital status as

Research design

58.

What is a detailed plan or method
for obtaining data scientifically?

Research design

59.

A study, generally in the
form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides sociologists with
information concerning how people think or act, is known as:

Survey

60.

A sociologist interviews 75
women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75
women in the same age grouping in a Canadian city to conduct a cross-cultural
study of job
discrimination against women. This study would be classified as

Interview

61.

Observation research is the
most common form of _____________ research, which relies on what is seen in
field or in naturalistic settings more than on statistical data.

Qualitative

62.

When a researcher collects
information about a group through direct involvement and inspection,
this is known as:

Observation

63.

A sociologist who attends
meetings at all the schools and churches in his community over several
years, and meets as many residents as he can for the purpose of exploring all
facets of
the community’s social life, and then compiles a detailed description of the
community, is conducting

Participant observation

64.

_______________'s study of Italian street
corner men used participant observation.

William F. White

65.

The initial challenge that
William F. Whyte and other participant observers encounter is:

Gaining acceptance

66.

An artificially created
situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables is known as

Experiment

67.

In an experiment, the group
that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the:

Control group

68.

Sociologists performing
research often do not rely on the classic form of experiment because

Their presence affects results

69.

People may behave
differently in artificial situations than they would in the “real world.” This poses a
particular problem for researchers using:

Experiments

70.

A sociologist decides to
study the interaction among college students in the college’s computer
center. When the students realize they are under observation, they become shy
and reserved
in their interactions. This is an example of:

Hawthorne Effect

71.

Secondary analysis includes
a variety of research techniques that use:

Previously collected and public data

72.

Emile Durkheim conducted an
examination of suicide using ____________ analysis.

Secondary

73.

A researcher studies
adolescent attitudes about senior citizens by analyzing the lyrics of popular
music and the depiction of the elderly in teen magazines. This is an example
of:

Content analysis

74.

Using sociology with the
specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior
and organizations is referred to as: