"Most newspaper article events happen
anywhere from days, to months, to years before they reach publication.
Consequently, most newspaper articles on this timeline are preceded by the
date of the newspaper in which they appear." [E.M.]*Color
Code

1945-1959 A.D.

1945 - "Discontinuity in History" - "[....]
Now look at 1945, and consider what happened in the space of a very short
time, a veritable instant in history.

Before 1945, all that human beings could do in the
way of rapine and destruction could not seriously affect our planet. It recovered
rapidly from even the most destructive of wars. Since 1945, however, we have
accumulated nuclear weapons, which in the space of days (if used unsparingly)
can destroy civilization and, perhaps, compromise the very habitability of
the planet.

Before 1945, all the economic processes of humanity,
from the use of fire to the use of radio, had not sufficed to endanger the
environment seriously. Since 1945, however, the rapid advance of
industrialization and the vast multiplication of the use of fossil fuels
has resulted in the dangerous pollution of air, water, and soil, and the
possible creation of a greenhouse effect - so that, again, the very habitability
of the planet may be compromised. This includes the use of new artificial
substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons and plastics, which resist breakdown
by natural processes and which introduce new strains on the environment.

The human population of Earth has risen steadily since
the days of the early hominids, but prior to 1945, it more or less matched
the extension of the human range and took place slowly enough so that world
society could adapt to it. Since 1945, the rate of population increase has
itself increased and the world population has more than doubled, while the
use of energy and of resources generally has increased far more rapidly still.
The planet groans under the weight of humanity, the forests and the wilderness
are disappearing, large numbers of living species are being driven to extinction,
and the ecological balance of the earth is being compromised. Closer to us
as individuals are the spectres of food shortage and famine that would unbearably
aggravate the serious problems of disease, violence, drugs, and social alienation
that already exist.

All through the history of civilization, until 1945,
there has been a tendency for imperial growth, with larger political units
being built up. Since 1945, in a very short period of time, all the overseas
European empires broke up and "third world" nations have become independant
by the dozens. (A generation afterward, the Soviet empire broke up as well.)
In a way, this is a "freedom explosion" that might be welcomed, but the change
has been so rapid that these new nations have developed neither the economic
substructure nor the political maturity to run their societies properly.

Still, not everything points to disaster. All through
the history of humanity, there has been a steady and accelerating advance
in technology that has, by and large, made human life richer and more secure,
and enabled humanity to handle its problems better. This has continued faster
than ever, and such new postwar phenomena as computers, television, jet planes,
space flight, and medical techniques offer hope. And yet, here too, there
is difficulty. Prior to 1945, technological advances spread outward from
the point of origin sufficiently slow so that the changes could be absorbed
without undue difficulty. Since 1945, new advances spread over the world
almost at once, producing changes that can only with difficulty be worked
into our society.

If ever there was a discontinuity in
history, then, it was in 1945, and it would be entirely too jarring to attempt
to continue this present history past that fearful break.
What is needed is a completely different book, one with a short
prolog describing the nature of pre-1945 human history, and then examining
the effects of the discontinuity in detail. Post-1945 history may turn out
to require a book nearly or quite as long as this book, devoted to pre-1945
history.
Naturally, I want to do this second book myself; however, after
52 years as a professional writer, and after the production of well over
465 published books, I seem to begin to recognize a limitation to my
capacity for endless work. Well, we shall see ..." [Isaac Asimov, Asimov's
Chronology of the World, Copyright 1991, pp. 648-649]

1945 - Beginning / Cold War - "Stalin's new
military now occupied all of the Baltic States, Poland, East Germany [including
the capital, Berlin], Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria. A post-war
agreement with the US and Britain at Yalta guaranteed that the Soviets would
withdraw from these countries when stable governments existed there. Stalin
liked the sound of that and installed 'stable' governments in these countries
that were Communist and answered to him. Also, Soviet troops never withdrew
from these countries. The Iron Curtain and the Cold War were beginning in
1945. Stalin began to round up entire families. He would send some to exile
in Siberia where they would work in coal and mineral mines, and would send
others to industrial cities where they could work on his weapons programs.
These people were told that if they ever wanted to see their families again
they would do exactly what they were told. They did. People who were of little
value to Stalin were systematically killed. It is estimated that 30 million
people died on Stalin's orders between 1924-1953. Stalin spent the rest of
his life in fear that old rivals were attempting to remove him from power.
He continued his purges and killing right up to his death in 1953."

1945 - Founded / Huna Fellowship - "The Huna
Fellowship was founded by Max Freedom Long in 1945."

1945 - Status / English National Debt-
"In 1815 it [the English national debt] was 885 million pounds and in 1945
it had grown to 22.5 billion pounds. By 1995 the national debt had risen
to more than 300 billion pounds, equal to 45 percent of GNP."
"Not even the Macmillan Committee, which was appointed in 1929, managed
to find out who governed the Bank of England. Only one name has leaked
outthat of Rothschild. All great wars have been started and financed
by the economic conglomerate emanating from one single banking familythe
Rothschilds.
"In the Netherlands, secret societies had been able to found
a central bank as early as 1609. About 40 of the world's most important central
banks were established in a similar way as that of the Bank of England. In
that way the Masonic bankers ruled the long-term development in the world
with loan interest as a method, the central banks as middlemen, the politicians
as dummies and the people as ignorant wage slaves. The Freemason-controlled
banks thus can govern political life by acting without being seen. The English
people strengthened the power of these invisible Freemasons through paying
taxes during three centuries. Central banks were supposed to keep the economy
stable." [Based on: article by Juri Lina, The Barnes Review,
September/October 2004, p. 9]

1945 - Elected Communists? / U.S.A. - "As late
as 1945 the Communist Party had two members on the New York City Council.
Both were elected from Jewish areas of the city. Two Jews born in Russia
were William Weinstone, (of the Communist Part USA Central Executive Committee)
and Jay Lovestone, (editor of 'The Communist' magazine).
"Mike Gold was editor of 'New Masses.' Alexander Bittelman served
on the Central Executive Committee of Communist Part USA and as editor of
the Yiddish Communist Part USA daily newspaper, 'Freiheit'. Alexander
Trachtenberg fought in the failed 1905 revolution against the Czar. He fled
to the U.S. and headed the front group, 'Friends of the Russian Revolution'.
Louis Fraina, a Jew born in Italy, was the chief organizer of the original
U.S. Communist Party. He operated under the name Ralph Snyder." [Link:
1]

1945 - Paul Twitchell / New York City - "[....]
He and Camille were married in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1942. When he
got out of the navy in 1945, they moved to New York. Paul wandered around
a bit, and eventually took a job with the navy as the Washington, D.C.,
correspondent for Our Navy magazine. He kept copies of a lot of letters
written from Washington, D.C., or the Washington Press Club, so we know he
worked there for quite a while. [....]"

1945 - L. Ron Hubbard / Naval Hospital, Oakland
California - " In 1945, left partially blind with injured optic nerves
and lame from hip and back injuries, Mr. Hubbard was hospitalised at Oak
Knoll Naval Hospital in Oakland, California. Among the 5,000 Navy and Marine
Corps patients at Oak Knoll were hundreds of former American prisoners liberated
from Japanese camps on South Pacific islands. Many were in terrible condition
from starvation and other causes, unable to assimilate protein. [NP] In an
attempt to resolve this problem, Navy physicians were administering the male
hormone, testosterone. This medical treatment, however, was not getting effective
results on all patients, and Mr. Hubbard utilised the opportunity to not
only help his fellow servicemen, but to test a theory he had developed in
application. [NP] 'All I was trying to establish, he wrote, was
whether or not the mind regulated the body or the body regulated the mind.
Therefore, if on some of these patients hormones did not work and on some
of them they did, there might be a mental reason. If those patients on whom
it did not work had a severe mental block, then it was obvious that regardless
of the amount of hormone or medical treatment the person received, he would
not get well. If the mind was capable of putting this much restraint upon
the physical body then obviously the fact that was commonly held to be true,
that structure monitors function, would be false. I set out to prove this....
I was not interested in endocrinology but in resolving whether or not function
monitored structure or structure monitored function.' [NP] In case after
case, he found that by utilising techniques he had developed, previously
unresponsive patients immediately improved with medical treatment once the
mental blocks were removed. [NP] In fact, function did monitor structure.
As Mr. Hubbard noted at the time, 'Thought was boss.' [NP] This was a
revolutionary concept, cutting across misconceptions that had plagued Eastern
philosophy and science for centuries. [....]"
[http://lron.hubbard.org/pg008.html] - [T.D. - 09/13/08]

1945 - Birth / Stephen Stills - January 3rd, 1945: "Stephen Arthur Stills
... is an American multi-instrumentalist and singer/songwriter best known
for his work with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills & Nash (and
Young). [...] Stills was raised in a military family. [....]"

1945 - Test Launch / German IBM Prototype -
January 24th, 1945: "Germany successfully launched the A-9, a winged prototype
of the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, which was designed to reach
North America. It reached almost 50 miles in altitude, and achieved
a speed of 2,700 mph. The launch was executed on January 24th."
[Link:
1]

1945 - Birth / Micky Dolenz - March 8th, 1945: "George Michael 'Micky' Dolenz,
Jr. ... is an American actor, musician, television director, radio personality
and theater director, best known as the drummer and lead vocalist of the
1960s made-for-television band The Monkees. [...] Dolenz was born at the
Cedars of Lebanon Hospital (now Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), Los Angeles
California,[1] the son of actors George Dolenz and Janelle Johnson. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micky_Dolenz]

1945 - Birth / Robin Trower - March 9th, 1945: "Robin Leonard Trower ...
is an English rock guitarist and vocalist who achieved success with Procol
Harum during the 1960s, and then again as the bandleader of his own power
trio. [...] Trower was born in Catford, South East London, England and grew
up in the seaside resort of Southend-on-Sea, Essex. [....]"

1945 - Fatality? / Adolf Hitler - April
30th, 1945: "Reportedly, in his search for the Hallows of Grail Castle, the
Fuehrer of Germany obtained an ancient lance [said to have been used by
Charlemagne], which he insisted was the spear which pierced the side of Jesus
at the Crucifixion. On April 30th, 1945 [the very day when the American 7th
Army, under General Patton, seized the lance from Nuremberg Castle], Adolf
Hitler accepted defeat and shot himself. Today the lance resides in the Hofburg
Museum, Vienna."

1945 - Von Braun Relocation / White Sands -
"On May 5th, Peenemunde was captured by the Red army, but the facilities
there were mostly destroyed by the personnel. Von Braun was captured
by the U.S. and relocated to the White Sands proving ground in New Mexico.
He was made part of 'Operation Paperclip.' " [Link:
1]

1945 - 1st Atomic Bomb Detonation / New Mexico,
U.S.A. - July 16th, 1945: "The first nuclear bomb was detonated [in
a test code-named Trinity] on July 16, 1945, at Alamogordo, New Mexico. The
second and third bombs fell on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan on August
6 and August 9, respectively. They were products of the 'Manhattan Project,'
the $2 billion wartime effort by U.S. and British scientists and the U.S.
Army to build a weapon that would 'end the war.' At its peak, about 160,000
people worked on the project in more than 25 sites across the United States.
No one person can be completely credited with the invention of nuclear weapons."
[Link:
1]

*Trivia: "A study that used a rediscovered stash
of St. Louis baby teeth to research the health impact of atom bomb testing
in the 1950s got a boost this month [December 2010] when it was published
in an international science journal. [NP] The study by Janette Sherman and
Joseph Mangano in The International Journal of Health Services suggests the
link between atom bomb fallout residue found in baby teeth and the incidence
of cancer in those same donors about 40 to 50 years later. The authors found
that the level of strontium 90 was 122 percent higher in teeth of 50-year-old
men who had cancer than those without. Strontium 90 is not naturally occurring
on Earth and is produced in atomic explosions. It is readily absorbed into
calcium-rich teeth and bones. [NP] The study got its start in 2001 when
Washington University rediscovered 85,000 baby teeth stored in its Tyson
Research Center since the 1970s Those teeth were originally part of the St.
Louis Baby Tooth Survey, in which nearly 300,000 area children sent their
teeth to local researchers who then determined that children were absorbing
radioactive fallout from nuclear bomb tests. [NP] Mangano, executive director
of the radiation and Public Health Project in New York, said it took nine
years to get funding for the newer study to track down about 1,000 male donors,
analyze the teeth and make the comparisons. The researchers first shatred
their results publicly about 14 months ago [October 2009]. [NP] 'Discovering
high fallout levels in U.S. baby boomers exposed as infants during the Cold
War who died of cancer at an early age is an important step in the effort
to understand damage from bomb testing,' Mangano said. [....]" [Based on:
Title for article (New study links cancer, A-bomb fallout / Researchers analyzed
baby teeth from an earlier, WU study to connect now-adult donors, incidence
of cancer.) by Nancy Cambria, p. A4, S.L.P.D., 12/15/10] - [My brackets.
NP = New paragraph. - D.R.D.]

*Trivia: "[....] The new research was spurred
by the 2001 reappearance of 85,000 teeth that had been donated for the 1960s
study, which was conducted by Washington University [Mo.] scientists. The
teeth were found in an old bunker at the university's Tyson Research Center,
where they had been stuffed into envelopes that included information about
the donors, one of whom was Edward Ketterer ['he passed away in 2006 at the
age of 47'] [....] Washington University scientists analyzed most of the
teeth for strontium-90, which was created by the bomb blasts and absorbed
by the teeth and bones of infants. [NP] They suspected that the children
were exposed by drinking milk from cows and goats that grazed on grass
contanimated by fallout. They called it the 'milk pathway.' [NP] The study
concluded that St. Louis children born in 1964 had about 50 times more
strontium-90 in their baby teeth than those born in 1950, before the start
of atomic testing in Nevada. [....] Of the healthy donors, levels of strontium-90
were insignificant, the research shows. But the donors who died of cancer
had about 122 percent more of the isotope in their teeth than the healthy
donors. [....]" [Based on: Article (WU baby teeth study's findings are confirmed
in new research / Men who got cancer had high level of radioactive isotope)
by Kim McGuire, pp. A1 & A4, S.L.P.D., 10/21/09]

1945 - Bomber Accident / Empire State Building - July 28th, 1945:
"Empire State Building struck by Army B-25 bomber, July 28, killing 13."
[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 548]

1945 - V-2 Rockets / White Sands, U.S.A. - August
1945: "May 8th marked the end of the war in Europe. At the time of
the German collapse, more than 20,000 V-1's and V-2's had been fired.
Components of approximately 100 V-2 rockets arrived at the White Sands
Testing Grounds, in August." [Link:
1]

1945 - Atomic Bomb Detonation / Hiroshima,
Japan - August 6th, 1945: "Making good on his threat to unleash 'a rain
of ruin the like of which has never been seen on earth,' President Harry
Truman [from Independence Missouri?] authorizes the dropping of two atomic
bombs on Japan - one on Hiroshima on August 6, and a second on Nagasaki on
August 9. The Japanese surrender within days."

*Trivia: "Bomb dropped on Hiroshima Aug. 6,
with about 750,000 people killed." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 548]

*Trivia: "[....] Including those initially listed
as missing or who died later from a loosely defined set of bomb-related ailments,
including cancers, Hiroshima officials now put the total number of the dead
in this city alone at 237,062. This year [2005], 5,000 more names are to
be added to the list. [....]" [Based on: A.P. article, S.L.P.D., p. A4,
08/05/05]

*Links:http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0805-20.htm

1945 - Atomic Bomb Detonation / Nagasaki,
Japan - August 9th, 1945: "Making good on his threat to unleash 'a rain
of ruin the like of which has never been seen on earth,' President Harry
Truman authorizes the dropping of two atomic bombs on Japan - one on Hiroshima
on August 6, and a second on Nagasaki on August 9. The Japanese surrender
within days."

*Trivia: "Bomb dropped on Nagasaki Aug. 9,
killing about 40,000." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 548]

*Trivia: "Ho Chi Minh Creates Provisional
Government Following the surrender of Japan to Allied forces, Ho Chi Minh
and his People's Congress create the National Liberation Committee of Vietnam
to form a provisional government. Japan transfers all power to Ho's
Vietminh."

*Trivia: ""Ho Declares Independence of Vietnam.
British Forces Land in Saigon and return Authority to the French."

1945 - Censored Stories / U.S. Weapons of Mass Destruction, Japan
- September 6th, 1945: "An American journalist who sneaked into
Nagasaki soon after the Japanese city was leveled by a U.S. atomic bomb
found a 'wasteland of war' and victims moaning from the pain of radiation
burns in downtown hospitals. Censored 60 years ago [1945] by the U.S. military,
George Weller's stories from the atom-bombed city surfaced this month [June
2005] in a series of reports in the national newspaper Mainichi. Weller was
an award-winning reporter for the now-defunct Chicago Daily News. [....]
By hiring a Japanese rowboat, catching trains and later posing as a U.S.
Army colonel, Weller slipped into Nagasaki in early September 1945, Mainichi
reported - about a month after the bombing on Aug. 9 that killed about 70,000
people instantly. In a Sept. 8, 1945, dispatch, Weller wrote of walking through
the city - a 'wasteland of war' - and finding evidence to back the talk
of radiation fallout in American radio news reports. [....] The United States
dropped two atomic bombs - the first on Hiroshima on Aug. 6, and the second
three days later on Nagasaki, about 614 miles southwest of Tokyo. The twin
bombings led to Japan's surrender on Aug. 15, 1945, which ended World War
II. Weller, who died in 2002, was the first foreign journalist to set foot
in the devestated city, which Gen. Douglas MacArthur, head of the U.S. occupation
in Japan, had designated off-limits to reporters, the newspaper said. Carbon
copies of his stories, running to about 25,000 words on 75 typed pages, along
with more than two dozen photos, were discovered by his son Anthony last
summer [2004] at Weller's apartment in Rome, Italy, Mainichi said. Anthony
Weller, a novelist living in Annisquam, Mass., couldn't be reached for comment.
He previously said he plans to publish his father's stories. Though he skirted
American authorities to get into Nagasaki, Weller submitted his reports -
the first was dated Sept. 6 - to the censors. The stories infuriated MacArthur,
and he personally ordered them quashed. The originals were never returned
to Weller. Anthony Weller told Mainichi he thought wartime officials wanted
to hush up stories about radiation sickness and feared that his father's
reports would sway American public opinion against building an arsenal of
nuclear bombs. The first batch of stories was finished just as a delegation
of American scientists was to visit the city to test for radiation. [....]
'The atomic bomb's peculiar 'disease,' uncured because it is untreated and
untreated because it is not diagnosed, is still snatching away lives here,'
Weller wrote. Weller was 95 when he died in December 2002. [....] He also
covered the French Indochina war in Southeast Asia and World War II in Europe."
[Based on: A.P. article, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A8, 06/20/05]

*Trivia: "[....] A Japanese professor, Dr. K.
Yagasaki, has calculated that 800 tons of DU is the atomicity equivalent
of 83,000 Nagasaki bombs. The U.S. has used more DU since 1991 than the atomicity
equivalent of 400,000 Nagasaki bombs. [....]"

1945 - OSS Abolished / U.S.A. - October 1st,
1945: "The OSS [Office of Strategic Services] was abolished and its functions
transferred to the State and War
Departments."

1945 - U.S. Guided Missile Battalion -
"In October, the U.S. Army established it's first Guided Missile Battalion,
with the Army Guard Forces." [Link:
1]

1945 - Birth / Henry Winkler - October 30th, 1945: "Henry Franklin Winkler,
Hon. OBE (born October 30, 1945) is an American actor, director, producer
and author. [...] Henry Winkler was born in Manhattan, New York City, the
son of Ilse Anna Maria (née Hadra) and Harry Irving Winkler, a lumber
company executive.[2] Winkler's Jewish parents emigrated from Germany to
the United States in 1939, before the beginning of World War II.[3] [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_winkler]

1945 - Birth / Neil Young - November 12th, 1945: "Reportedly born on this
date in history: Singer-songwriter, Neil Young."

1945 - Birth / Goldie Hawn - November 21st, 1945: "Goldie Jeanne Hawn (born
November 21, 1945) is an American actress, film director, producer, and
occasional singer. [...] Goldie Jeanne Hawn (born November 21, 1945) is an
American actress, film director, producer, and occasional singer. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldie_Hawn]

1945 - Birth / John McVie - November 26th, 1945: "Reportedly born on this
date in history: Pop musician, John McVie."

1945 - Paul Twitchell / Washington D.C.
- December 1945: "[....] Ms. Ballowe writes that Paul and she went to New
York City after the war. There, Twitchell embarked on a literary career.
He later became associated with Our Navy magazine as a correspondent; a job
which, in December of 1945, took him to Washington, D.C."

1945 - German Rocket Engineers / U.S.A. - December
1945: "In 1945, the Secretary Of War approved plans to bring top German rocket
engineers to the U.S., in order to further knowledge and technology. Fifty
five German scientists arrived at Fort Bliss and White Sands Proving Grounds,
in December." [Link:
1]

1945 - Birth / Chris Matthews - December 17th, 1945: "Christopher Matthews
(born December 17, 1945) is an American news anchor and political commentator,
known for his nightly hour-long talk show, Hardball with Chris Matthews,
which is televised on the American cable television channel MSNBC. On weekends
he hosts the syndicated NBC News-produced panel discussion program, The
Chris Matthews Show. Matthews makes frequent appearances as a political
commentator on many NBC and MSNBC programs."

1945 - Birth / Davy Jones - December 30th, 1945: "David Thomas 'Davy' Jones
(30 December 1945  29 February 2012) was an English singer-songwriter
and actor best known as a member of The Monkees. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davy_Jones_%28musician%29]

1945 - Discovery / Nag Hammadi Library - "In
December 1945 two peasant brothers were digging for fertilizer in a cemetary
near the town of Nag Hammadi when they came upon a large sealed jar containing
thirteen leather-bound books. The books' papyrus leaves contained an assortment
of scriptures, written in the tradition that was later to be called Gnostic
[esoteric insight]. Inherently Christian works, but with Jewish overtones,
they became known as the Nag Hammadi Library. The books were written in the
ancient Coptic language of Egypt during early Christian times. The Coptic
Museum in Cairo assertained that they were, in fact, copies of much older
works originally composed in Greek. Indeed some of the texts were discovered
to have very early origins, incorporating traditions from before AD 50. Included
in the fifty-two separate tractates are various religious texts and certain
hitherto unknown Gospels. They tend to portray an environment very different
from that portrayed in the Bible. The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, for example,
are not presented as centers of wickedness and debauchery, but as cities
of great wisdom and learning. They describe a world in which Jesus gives
his own account of the Crucifixion, and in which his relationship with Mary
Magdalene reaches enlightening proportions."

1945 - World Bank - "Since October 1929, the
US dollar had been tied to gold at the rate of $35/oz., and the key decision
of the conference was the Dollar Standard  the US$ was to be adopted
as the medium for international trade and settlement whilst the US government
would be able to print as many dollars as would be required to rebuild Europe
and regenerate international trade once protective tariffs were lifted. The
British pound [Sterling] was intended to play a mediating role in those regions
already tied to Sterling.
"The Institutions which were planned at Bretton Woods to oversee
this arrangement include the World Bank, launched late in 1945 and officially
called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [IBRD],
intended to provide long-term loans to states for reconstruction after the
devastation of the War, the I.M.F. [International Monetary Fund] launched
in 1946 and intended to finance short-term imbalances in international payments
and help maintain fixed exchange rates, linking all currencies to gold via
the Dollar Standard, and in October 1947 the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade [GATT] to oversee the dismantling of trade barriers." [Link
1]

*Trivia: "Crushing national debt in many developing
nations is producing armies of 'career terrorists,' Noreena Hertz writes
in 'The Debt Threat,' a chilling look at perilous trends threatening the
planet's stability and viability [....] Hertz builds a case that unemployment
and a lack of educational, health and other services provide the environment
for fatalistic world views to grow. And those deprivations are direct results
of the debt burdens many of the world's poorest nations carry, she contends.
Because of the debt payments owed to the World Bank, the International Monetary
Fund, export credit agencies, commercial banks and other lenders, the
government's don't have money left to provide adequate social services or
to invest in infrastructure and jobs. As a result, Hertz writes, people become
susceptible to extremist groups and drug dealers. [....] But terrorism is
only one part of the debt threat Hertz spells out. She also focuses on
environmental perils that are growing, including global warming. Debt-burdened
countries must use their cheapest resources, so they cut forests, drain wetlands
and burn areas for agriculture, causing pollution and other environmental
devestation." [Based on article by Cecil Johnson, The Fort Worth
Star-Telegram, posted in The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. C5,
02/04/05]

*Trivia: "[....] Economically, the American
Empire was born with Bretton Woods in 1945. The U.S. dollar was not fully
convertible to gold, but was made convertible to gold only to foreign
governments. This established the dollar as the reserve currency of the world.
It was possible, because during WWII, the United States had supplied its
allies with provisions, demanding gold as payment, thus accumulating significant
portion of the world's gold. An Empire would not have been possible if, following
the Bretton Woods arrangement, the dollar supply was kept limited and within
the availability of gold, so as to fully exchange back dollars for gold.
However, the guns-and-butter policy of the 1960's was an imperial one: the
dollar supply was relentlessly increased to finance Vietnam and LBJ's Great
Society. Most of those dollars were handed over to foreigners in exchange
for economic goods, without the prospect of buying them back at the same
value. The increase in dollar holdings of foreigners via persistent U.S.
trade deficits was tantamount to a tax - the classical inflation tax that
a country imposes on its own citizens, this time around an inflation tax
that U.S. imposed on rest of the world. [....]"

1945 - FDC Amendment - "In 1945, the FDC Act
was amended to require certification of the safety and efficacy of
penicillin."

1946

1946 - Baby Boom Begins / U.S.A. - "U.S.
1946-1964 Baby Boom begins."

1946 - Remote Viewing Trivia - 1946: "Psychiatrist
Lewis J. Fielding joins the Veteran's Administration (VA) in Los Angeles
as staff psychiatrist and instructor in clinical psychiatry. When Fielding
joins the VA, and intermittantly over the next several years, Dianetics and
Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard is living in and around L.A., doing Dianetic
research. He has opened an office in Hollywood, California, and is delivering
Dianetic processing to people. When there, he is associated with the Los
Angeles Veteran's Administration. [NOTE: Fielding later will be integral
to incidents involving CIA's E. Howard Hunt, Daniel Ellsberg, Lucien Conein,
the Pentagon Papers, and the Watergate scandalat the very time that
CIA is secretly setting up its remote viewing program using highly trained
Scientologists. See timeline years 1971 and 1972.] [Based on:http://www.sc-i-r-s-ology.pair.com/rvtimeline/index.html] - [T.D. -
09/09/08]

1946 - Status / U.S. National Debt-
"The U.S. national debt, which was only $16 billion in 1930, reaches a peak
of $269 billion in 1946 but this borrowing is also made at very low interest
rates. Whereas the economies of most European countries are devasted, the
U.S. gross national product rises substantially." [Link:
1]

1946 - International Monetary Fund - "Since
October 1929, the US dollar had been tied to gold at the rate of $35/oz.,
and the key decision of the conference was the Dollar Standard  the
US$ was to be adopted as the medium for international trade and settlement
whilst the US government would be able to print as many dollars as would
be required to rebuild Europe and regenerate international trade once protective
tariffs were lifted. The British pound [Sterling] was intended to play a
mediating role in those regions already tied to Sterling.
"The Institutions which were planned at Bretton Woods to oversee
this arrangement include the World Bank, launched late in 1945 and officially
called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [IBRD],
intended to provide long-term loans to states for reconstruction after the
devastation of the War, the I.M.F. [International Monetary Fund] launched
in 1946 and intended to finance short-term imbalances in international payments
and help maintain fixed exchange rates, linking all currencies to gold via
the Dollar Standard, and in October 1947 the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade [GATT] to oversee the dismantling of trade barriers." [Link
1]

*Trivia: "Crushing national debt in many developing
nations is producing armies of 'career terrorists,' Noreena Hertz writes
in 'The Debt Threat,' a chilling look at perilous trends threatening the
planet's stability and viability [....] Hertz builds a case that unemployment
and a lack of educational, health and other services provide the environment
for fatalistic world views to grow. And those deprivations are direct results
of the debt burdens many of the world's poorest nations carry, she contends.
Because of the debt payments owed to the World Bank, the International Monetary
Fund, export credit agencies, commercial banks and other lenders, the
government's don't have money left to provide adequate social services or
to invest in infrastructure and jobs. As a result, Hertz writes, people become
susceptible to extremist groups and drug dealers. [....] But terrorism is
only one part of the debt threat Hertz spells out. She also focuses on
environmental perils that are growing, including global warming. Debt-burdened
countries must use their cheapest resources, so they cut forests, drain wetlands
and burn areas for agriculture, causing pollution and other environmental
devestation." [Based on article by Cecil Johnson, The Fort Worth
Star-Telegram, posted in The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. C5,
02/04/05]

1946 - Indian Claims Commission
Act- "There is some speculation that this act originated,
in part, as a response to the role the United States played at the Nuremberg
trials. The act was designed to provide legal recourse to those Native Americans
who felt that their land was unjustly taken away from them. The act established
a Claims Commission, which was responsible for hearing cases brought forward
by Native Americns. The commission, however, was not empowered to return
land to any Native American; rather, it was required to assign a monetary
value to the land in question - 'at the time it was taken.' As a result,
awards given out by the commission tended to be very small. In general, the
act gave the United States the tool with which to legitimize its claim to
Native American lands."

*Trivia:"Archaeologists led reporters
into a remote canyon Wednesday [06/30/04] to reveal an almost perfectly preserved
picture of ancient life: stone pit houses, granaries and a bounty of artifacts
kept secret for more than a half century [since about 1950]. [....]
Archaeologists said the villiages were occupied more than 1,000 years ago
and may be as old as 4,500 years. [....] Hundreds of granaries, ranging from
cupboard-sized to several yards across, are in some cases hundreds of feet
up nearly inaccessible cliffs. [....] Waldo Wilcox, the rancher who sold
the land and returned Wednesday [06/30/04], kept the archaeological sites
a closely guarded secret for more than 50 years." [By Paul Foy, A.P., 07/01/04]

1946 - French Forces / North Vietnam - "In 1946,
France recognized Vietnam as a 'free state' within the French Union. French
troops replace Chinese in the North."

*Trivia: "In 1946, following months of steadily
deteriorating relations, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam launched its
first consorted attack against the French."

1946 - U.S. Outer Space Research Program
- January, 1946: "In January, the U.S. outer space research program was started
with captured V-2 rockets. A V-2 panel of representatives of interested
agencies was formed, and more than 60 rockets were fired before the supply
was finally exhausted." [Link:
1]

1946 - Birth / John Paul Jones - January 3rd, 1946: "John Paul Jones ...
is an English multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, composer, arranger and record
producer. [...] Jones was born in Sidcup, Kent, as John Paul Baldwin.[10]
[....]"

1946 - Central Intelligence Group / U.S.A. -
January 22nd, 1946: "After disbanding the OSS on 1 October 1945, President
Truman established the Central Intelligence Group [CIG] on 22 January 1946.
Although its budget and staff came from the several departments that maintained
intelligence services, this new organization was headed by a Director of
Central Intelligence [DCI], appointed by the President to serve under the
supervision of a National Intelligence Authority made up of the Secretaries
of State, War, and Navy and the Presidents personal representative.
Thus, there was a Director of Central Intelligence almost two years before
there was a Central Intelligence Agency."

*Trivia: "The current [2004] questions about
restructuring U.S. intelligence are similar to those raised more than a
half-century ago when the national security system was set up, says former
CIA director William H. Webster. [....] Christopher Briem, a researcher at
the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Social and Urban Research, says
Missourians 'were the key players in the creation in the CIA and setting
up the intelligence structure that has lasted until now.' One was Rear Adm.
Sidney Souers of St. Louis. Though operating largely in the background, he
was an architect of the modern national security system, helping define the
nature of the National Security Council and the CIA in the early days of
the Cold War. [....] Souers served for five months before Truman named him
the first executive secretary of the National Security Council. For the next
seven years, Souers served as a trusted advisor to Truman on national security
matters. The two men left Washington in early 1953 and returned to Missouri.
Souers became head of General American Life Insurance Co. in St. Louis. When
Truman had initially turned to Souers to help choose among competing ideas
for a new intelligence structure, he asked the St. Louisan to work with Clark
Clifford, another Missourian and a leading national security and political
figure in Washington. The president signed the directive devised by Clifford
and Souers on Jan. 22, 1946, Briem said. 'The trust that the president had
in his fellow Missourians, Sidney Souers and Clark Clifford, facilitated
President Truman's acceptance of a new intelligence organization.' Webster,
a St. Louisan, says he and Clifford 'had conversations over the years' about
the evolving national security apparatus. Webster has his own place in the
history of U.S. intelligence as the only person to have led both the CIA
and the FBI." [Based on: Post-Dispatch Washington Bureau article by
Philip Dine, 08/24/04]

*Trivia: "The National Safety Council (NSC)
estimates that 315 million computers will be junked in 2004, up from 20 million
in 1998. In 1998 (the last year this was monitored), only 11 percent of the
PCs that were thrown out were recycled. Unfortunately, old PCs tossed into
landfills contain dangerous chemicals and metals that can leak toxins into
the environment - a good reason to recycle your machine when you buy a new
one." [Based on: Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac, p. 3]

1946 - American WAC Rocket - March 22nd, 1946:
"The first American-built rocket to leave the earth's atmosphere (the WAC)
was launched on March 22nd. It was launched from White Sands, and attained
50 miles of altitude." [Link:
1]

1946 - 1st American V-2 Launch - April, 1946:
"The first actual launch of an American-built V-2 took place at White Sands
in April. The U.S. Army began a program to develop two stage
rockets. This resulted in the WAC Corporal as the 2nd stage of a V-2.
[Link
1]

1946 - Politics and the English Language /
George Orwell- April 1946: "Most people who bother with the matter
at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way, but it is generally
assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization
is decadent, and our languageso the argument runsmust inevitably
share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse
of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric
light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious
belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape
for our own purposes. [....]."

1946 - Birth / Cheech Marin - July 13th, 1946: "Richard Anthony 'Cheech'
Marin (born July 13, 1946) is an American comedian, actor and writer who
gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the
1970s and early 1980s, and as Don Johnson's partner, Insp. Joe Dominguez
on Nash Bridges. [... .]"

1946 - Dean Martin & Jerry Lewis - Entertainment
highlights during the week of July 23-29, 1946: "Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis
began their partnership as a nightclub song and comedy act with a performance
in Atlantic City, N.J. They split up in 1956." [Based on: Article (THAT
WAS THE WEEK THAT WAS), p. D5, S.L.P.D., 07/24/06]

After WWII ended in 1945, victorious Russian and American
intelligence teams began a treasure hunt throughout occupied Germany for
military and scientific booty. They were looking for things like new rocket
and aircraft designs, medicines, and electronics. But they were also hunting
down the most precious "spoils" of all: the scientists whose work had nearly
won the war for Germany. The engineers and intelligence officers of the Nazi
War Machine.

The U.S. Military rounded up Nazi scientists and brought
them to America. It had originally intended merely to debrief them and send
them back to Germany. But when it realized the extent of the scientists knowledge
and expertise, the War Department decided it would be a waste to send the
scientists home. Following the discovery of flying discs (foo fighters),
particle/laser beam weaponry in German military bases, the War Department
decided that NASA and the CIA must control this technology, and the Nazi
engineers that had worked on this technology.

There was only one problem: it was illegal. U.S. law
explicitly prohibited Nazi officials from immigrating to America - and as
many as three-quarters of the scientists in question had been committed
Nazis.

Data-Points:

Convinced that German scientists could help America's
postwar efforts, President Harry Truman agreed in September 1946 to authorize
"Project Paperclip," a program to bring selected German scientists to work
on America's behalf during the "Cold War"

[....]

When the JIOA formed to investigate the backgrounds
and form dossiers on the Nazis, the Nazi Intelligence leader Reinhard Gehlen
met with the CIA director Allen Dulles. Dulles and Gehlen hit it off immediatly.
Gehlen was a master spy for the Nazis and had infilitrated Russia with his
vast Nazi Intelligence network. Dulles promised Gehlen that his Intelligence
unit was safe in the CIA.

Apparently, Wev decided to sidestep the problem. Dulles
had the scientists dossier's re-written to eliminate incriminating evidence.
As promised, Allen Dulles delivered the Nazi Intelligence unit to the CIA,
which later opened many umbrella projects stemming from Nazi mad research.
(MK-ULTRA / ARTICHOKE, OPERATION MIDNIGHT CLIMAX)

Military Intelligence "cleansed" the files of Nazi
refrences. By 1955, more than 760 German scientists had been granted citizenship
in the U.S. and given prominent positions in the American scientific community.
Many had been longtime members of the Nazi party and the Gestapo, had conducted
experiments on humans at concentration camps, had used slave labor, and had
comitted other war crimes.

[....]

Project Paperclip was stopped in 1957, when West Germany
protested to the U.S. that these efforts had stripped it of "scientific skills."
There was no comment about supporting Nazis. Paperclip may have ended in
1957, but as you can see from Licio Gelli and his international dealings
with the CIA in Italy/P2, and Heinrich Rupp with his involvement in October
Surprise, the ramifications of Paperclip are world-wide. The Nazis became
employed CIA agents, engaging in clandestine work with the likes of George
Bush, the CIA, Henry Kissenger, and the Masonic P2 lodge. This is but one
of the results of Operation Paperclip. Another umbrella project that was
spawned from Paperclip was MK-ULTRA. [....]

1946 - Birth / Justin Hayward - October 14th, 1946: "Justin Hayward (born
14 October 1946) is an English musician, best known as singer, songwriter
and guitarist in the rock band The Moody Blues. [NP] Hayward was born in
Dean Street, Swindon, Wiltshire, England and educated at Shrivenham School,
Berkshire and The Commonweal School, in Swindon.[1] [....]."

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Hayward]

1946 - Birth / Richard Carpenter - October 15th, 1946: "Richard Lynn Carpenter
(born October 15, 1946) is an American pop musician, best known as one half
of the brother/sister duo The Carpenters, along with his sister Karen Carpenter.
He was a producer, arranger, pianist and keyboardist, and occasional lyricist,
as well as joining with Karen on harmony vocals. [...] Richard Lynn Carpenter
was born to parents Agnes Reuwer Tatum and Harold Bertram Carpenter at Grace-New
Haven Hospital (now called Yale-New Haven Hospital) in New Haven, Connecticut,
the same hospital where Karen was later born.[2] [....]"

1946 - Birth / Pat Sajak - October 26th, 1946: "Pat Sajak ... is a television
personality, former weatherman, actor and talk show host, best known as the
host of the American television game show Wheel of Fortune. [...]
Sajak, the son of a Polish American trucking foreman, was born and raised
in Chicago. [....]"

1946 - Birth / Sally Field - November 6th, 1946: "Sally Margaret Field (born
November 6, 1946) is an American actress, singer, producer, director, and
screenwriter. [...] Sally Field was born in Pasadena, California, daughter
of Richard Dryden Field, an Army officer, and his wife, actress Margaret
Field (née Morlan).[1] [....]"

1946 - Trivia / V-2 Technology - "On December
17th, the first night-flight of a V-2 occurred. It achieved a record
making 116 miles of altitude, and velocity of 3600 mph. German rocket
engineers arrived in Russia to begin work with Soviet rocket research groups
Sergei Korolev built rockets using technology from the V-2."
[Link:
1]

1946 - Birth / Steven Spielberg - December 18th, 1946: "Steven Allan Spielberg
... is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, video game designer,
and studio entrepreneur. [...] Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to
a Jewish family.[7] [....]"

The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, a novel,
interdisciplinary, action orientated research organisation, was founded in
London in 1946 with the aid of a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. It
was set up for the specific purpose of actively relating the psychological
and social sciences to the needs and concerns of society. In sustaining this
endeavour for more than fifty years, it has won international
recognition.

The circumstances of World War Two brought together
an unusually talented group of psychiatrists, clinical and social psychologists
and anthropologists in the setting of the British Army, where they developed
a number of radical innovations in social psychiatry and applied social science.
They became known as the Tavistock Group because the core members had been
at the pre-war Tavistock Clinic. Though only some of them continued their
involvement with the post-war Tavistock organisation, those who did built
on the war-time achievements to introduce a number of far-reaching developments
in several fields. This style of research related theory and practice in
a new way.

The objectives of the Institute were to study human
relations in conditions of wellbeing, conflict or breakdown, in the family,
the community, the work group and the larger organisation, and to promote
the health and effectiveness of individuals and organisations.

Since that time, the Tavistock Institute has evolved
into an organisation that does research and consultancy, evaluation and
professional development work in support of change and learning. We try to
contribute to the development of the social sciences by publishing our work.
We also own and edit Human Relations, an international social science
journal, and edit the journal Evaluation.

The Institute was located in the Tavistock Centre in
Belsize Park, which we shared with the Tavistock Clinic until the summer
of 1994, when we moved to our current office in central London.

More information about us, our publications, our work
and our current interests can be found on this website. A more detailed account
of our history can be found in The Social Engagement of Social Science
- A Tavistock Anthology published by the University of Pennsylvania Press
in three volumes between 1990 and 1997, (ISBN 081228912-6, 081228193-4 and
081228194-2). A history of the Tavistock Clinic can be found on the website
of the Tavistock & Portman NHS Trust.

Jesse Hobson, the first president of Stanford Research
Institute, in a 1952 speech made it clear what lines the institute was to
follow. Stanford can be described as one of the "jewels" in Tavistock's Crown
in its rule over the United States. Founded in 1946 immediately after the
close of WWII, it was presided over by Charles A. Anderson, with emphasis
on mind control research and "future sciences." Included under the Stanford
umbrella was Charles F. Kettering Foundation which developed the "Changing
Images of Man" upon which the Aquarian Conspiracy rests.

Some of Stanford's major clients and contracts were
at first centered around the defense establishment but, as Stanford grew,
so, did the diversity of its services: Applications of Behavioral Sciences
to Research ManagementOffice of Science and
Technology

SRI Business Intelligence ProgramU.S. Department of Defense Directorate of Defense Research
and EngineeringU.S. Department of Defense Office of Aerospace
Research

Stanford Research is plugged into at least 200 smaller
"think tanks" doing research into every facet of life in America. This is
ARPA networking and represents the emergence of probably the most far reaching
effort to control the environment of every individual in the country. At
present Stanford's computers are linked with 2500 "sister" research consoles
which include the CIA, Bell Telephone Laboratories, U.S. Army Intelligence,
The Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), Rand, MIT, Harvard and UCLA. Stanford
plays a key role in that it is the "library", cataloging all ARPA documentation.

"Other agencies".....one can use one's imagination
here, are allowed to search through SRI's "library" for key words, phrases,
look through sources and update their own master files with those of Stanford
Research Center. The Pentagon uses SRI's master files extensively, and there
is little doubt that other U.S. Government agencies do the same. Pentagon
"command and control" problems are worked out by Stanford.

While ostensibly these apply only to weapons and soldiers,
there is absolutely no guarantee that the same research could not , and will
not be turned to civilian applications. Stanford is known to be willing to
do anything for anyone.

*Trivia: "In 2006, SRI International celebrates
60 years of R&D innovation for its government, business, and foundation
clients. Since its founding, SRI has been committed to discovery and to the
application of science and technology for knowledge, commerce, prosperity,
and peace."

1946 - Autobiography of a Yogi / Paramahansa
Yogananda - "Mahavatar Babaji is a legendary Hindu saint, yogi, and culture
hero. His life was first documented by Paramahansa Yogananda in his best-selling
Autobiography of a Yogi (1946) and later accounts have added to Babaji's
biography. [....]"

1947 - Birth / David Bowie - January 8th, 1947: "David Robert Jones ... known
by his stage name David Bowie ... is an English musician, actor, record producer
and arranger. [...] David Bowie was born ... in Brixton, London, on 8 January
1947. [....]"

1947 - Trivia / Rocket Telemetry - "Telemetry
was successfully used for the first time in a V-2, launched from White Sands."
[Link
1]

1947 - Trivia / Rocket Technology - "On February
20th, the first of a series of rockets was launched for the purpose of testing
ejection canister effectivity." [Link
1]

1947 - Discovered / Dead Sea Scrolls - February
1947: "In February, 1947, young Bedouin shepherds, searching for a stray
goat in the Judean Desert, entered a long-untouched cave and found jars filled
with ancient scrolls. Reportedly, the excavations at Qumran have produced
relics dating from about 3,500 B.C. According to the Copper Scroll, old Qumran
was called Sekhakha." [Link:
1]

1947 - Birth / Rob Reiner - March 6th, 1947: "Robert Reiner ... is an American
actor, director, and producer. [...] Reiner was born to a Jewish family in
The Bronx, New York, and is the son of Estelle Reiner (née
Lebost), an actress, and Carl Reiner, a comedian, actor, writer, producer,
and director. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Reiner]

1947 - The Truman Doctrine - March 12th, 1947:
"In a speech on 12 March 1947, U.S. President Truman formulated what was
to be called 'The Truman Doctrine' in terms of the need to provide aid to
the governments of Greece and Turkey, but the speech contained the clear
implication that Truman was proposing a new global role for the United States."
[Link:
1]

1947 - Birth / Glenn Close - March 19th, 1947: "Glenn Close ... is an American
film, television and stage actress. [...] Close was born in Greenwich,
Connecticut, the daughter of Bettine (née Moore) and William
Taliaferro Close,[1] a doctor who operated a clinic in the Belgian Congo
and served as a personal physician to Congo/Zaire President Mobutu Sese Seko.
[....]"

1947 - Birth / Elton John - March 25th, 1947: "Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE
(born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947), is an English rock
singer-songwriter, composer, pianist and occasional actor. [...] John was
born ... the eldest child of Stanley and only child of Sheila Eileen Dwight
(née Harris)[12][13][14] and was raised in Pinner, Middlesex
in a council house of his maternal grandparents. [....]"

1947 - Trivia / Master Kirpal Singh? - In 1955
he [Kirpal Singh] wrote, "The authority of giving initiation into the beyond
and contacting with the Word, which he [Sawan Singh] vouchsafed to me verbally
on October 12, 1947, was thus completely transferred while going. The
intoxication of that glance is still the life of my soul." [Message on the
death anniversary of Hazur Baba Sawan Singh Ji Maharaj. April 2, 1955] (Probably
c. Ruhani) [....] I do not like to say anything about the activities of Sardar
Kirpal Singh's group, called Ruhani Satsang. . . . Since you have inquired,
you are entitled to an answer, so I will simply add that the Great Master
[Sawan Singh] never did appoint him as His Successor. He appointed Sardar
Bahadur Maharaj Jagat Singh Ji, in a witnessed and recorded Will, to carry
on all His Spiritual Work. If anybody else is bold enough to assert himself
as the Great Master's Successor, then I can simply leave it to the sagacity
of the seekers to judge his claim. The Great Master's Representatives in
the foreign countries also have photostatic copies of the documents proving
Successorship, and the one nearest you will be glad to show them to you on
request. [Based on: http://www.angelfire.com/band/radhasoamisantmath/]

1947 - Jackie Robinson / Brooklyn Dodgers - April 11th, 1947: "Jackie Robinson
joined the Brooklyn Dodgers ... breaking the color barrier in major league
baseball." [The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 549]

1947 - Birth / David Letterman - April 12th, 1947: "Reportedly born on this
date in history: Talk show host, David Letterman."

1947 - Marshall Plan - June 5th, 1947: "On June
5, 1947, US Secretary of State George Marshall announced the Marshall Plan
 a huge loan program extended to all the European countries. At first
it was intended that the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries
would benefit from the Marshall Plan, but at a Conference in Paris in July
1947, the war-devastated USSR was told they would get no aid and countries
like Poland and Czechoslovakia were faced with the choice of lining up with
the US to destroy the Soviet Union [whose Army still had a considerable presence
on their own soil!] or be excluded from the Plan and from trade with those
countries which were to benefit. This more or less marked the beginning of
the Cold War [though the term had been coined by US Navy expert George Kennan
in late 1946]. Marshall Aid was then used systematically to pressure governments
and voters in countries like Britain, France and Italy into rejecting Communism
in exchange for Aid, while Keynesian Economic policies were used to provide
welfare and jobs for the workers." [Link
1]

1947 - Taft-Hartley Act - June 23rd, 1947:
"On June 23, the Taft-Hartley Act, which banned closed union shops, created
the National Labor Relations Board and gave the president the power to seek
an 80-day injunction against any strike. The Act was passed over Truman's
veto - who called it a 'slave-labor bill.' " [Link:
1]

1947 - UFO Investigations / United States -
"From June 1947 through December 1969 the Air Force was primarily responsible
for investigating unidentified flying object [UFO] phenomena. Investigations
were conducted by the Air Technical Intelligence Center [ATIC] at
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio until December 17, 1969. All records of these
investigations [known as Project Sign, 1947-1949, Project Grudge, 1949-1952,
and Project Blue Book, 1952-1969] were retired to the National Archives and
Records Administration and are available to the public on archives microfilm
publication T1206 [94 rolls of 35 mm film]." [Link
1]

1947 - Trivia / Roswell, New Mexico - July 1st,
1947: "Base radar at the army's 509th airfield outside of Roswell had been
tracking strange blips all night on July 1st, 1947." [The Day After Roswell,
Col. Philip J. Corso, with William J. Birnes]

1947 -Roswell Incident
/ Roswell, New Mexico- July 1947: "The Roswell incident of July 2-4 leads
many to believe that the U.S. government covered up an extraterrestrial alien
landing in New Mexico." [Link:
1]

1947 - Birth / Don Henley - July 22nd, 1947: "Donald Hugh 'Don' Henley (born
July 22, 1947, in Gilmer, Texas) is an American singer, songwriter and drummer,
best known as a founding member of the Eagles before launching a successful
solo career. [...] Henley grew up in the small northeast Texas town of Linden.
[....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Henley]

1947 - Birth / Danny Glover - July 22nd, 1947: "Danny Lebern Glover (born
July 22, 1946) is an American actor, film director and political activist.
[...] Glover was born in San Francisco, the son of Carrie (née Hunley)
and James Glover. [....]" [Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Glover]

1947 - Signed / National Security Act, U.S.A.
- July 26th, 1947:

The National Security Act of 1947 signed July 26, 1947
by U.S. President Harry S. Truman realigned and reorganized the United States'
armed forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the
aftermath of World War II. The majority of the provisions of the Act took
effect on 18 September 1947, the day after the Senate confirmed James V.
Forrestal as the first Secretary of Defense.

The Act merged the Department of War and the Department
of the Navy into the National Military Establishment (NME) headed by the
Secretary of Defense. It was also responsible for the creation of a separate
Department of the Air Force from the existing United States Army Air Forces.
Initially, each of the three branches maintained quasi-cabinet status through
their individual secretaries, but the act was amended on 10 August 1949 to
assure their subordination to the Secretary of Defense. At the same time,
the NME was renamed as the Department of Defense.

Aside from the military reorganization, the act established
the National Security Council, a central place of coordination for national
security policy in the Executive Branch, and the Central Intelligence Agency,
the United States' first peacetime intelligence agency.

The act and its changes, along with the Truman Doctrine
and the Marshall Plan, were major components of the Truman administration's
Cold War strategy.

Project Paperclip brought us MK-ULTRA. Paperclip ultimately
brought in key players involved in the Assassination of Pope 1, October Surprise
(sabotage of Carter's peace talks), and a great many other things still
classified to this day. The results of Project Paperclip were devastating,
and very far reaching. I guess that is what you would expect from collaborating
with Nazis.

This research shows that the OSS/CIA that was formed
in the National Security Act, the same agency that employed hundreds of Nazis,
has been in alliance with the Vatican through various Agency connections
such as Licio Gelli. The CIA/Vatican alliance that Assassinated Pope John
Paul 1, JFK, and hundreds of dictators of 3rd world countries is the
Illuminati.

The Bavarian Illuminati has been around for centuries
in one way or another. It's presence in the 20th century is the direct result
of the Nazis. The Nazi connections to the occult and the Bavarian Thule Society
were parallel to the American members of 33rd degree Freemasonry. When the
Operation Paperclip was successfully executed, the Nazi element of the Bavarian
Thule society was fused with the American members of Freemasonry to create
the Illuminati.

Operation Paperclip, MK-ULTRA, October Surprise, and
George Bush are all facets of the Illuminati, a group whose ideals are rooted
in the occult, and dedicated to world domination.

Soon after the American Revolution, John Robinson,
a professor of rural philosophy at Edinburgh University in Scotland and member
of a Freemason lodge, said that he was asked to join the Illuminati. After
studying the group, he concluded that the purposes of the Illuminati were
not compatible with his beliefs.

In 1798, he published a book called "Proofs Of A
Conspiracy," which states:

"An association has been formed for the express purpose
of rooting out all the religious establishments and overturning all the existing
governments.... The leaders would rule the World with uncontrollable power,
while all the rest would be employed as tools of the ambition of their unknown
superiors."

The CIA and the Vatican have rooted out all the religious
establishemnts in the world. The CIA has overthrown and set up dictators
under their control all over the world. The CIA and the Vatican have fullfilled
the purpose of the Illuminati. The CIA and the Vatican _are_ the
Illuminati.

*Trivia: "On 15 August 1947, British India was
granted independence as the separate dominions of India and Pakistan. The
British dissolved their treaty relations with the over 600 princely states,
who were encouraged to accede to either India or Pakistan. Most of the states
acceded to India, and a few to Pakistan. Bhutan and Hyderabad opted for
independence, although the armed intervention of India brought Hyderabad
into the Indian Union."

[Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act]

1947 - Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru / India
- "Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister, headed India from 1947
until his death in 1964. He was followed later by his daughter, Indira Gandhi,
whose often iron-fisted rule defined two decades of Indian life. Indira was
murdered by her own bodyguards in 1984, and her son, Rajiv Gandhi, an airline
pilot, reluctantly stepped up. Riding a wave of sympathy, he easily won the
next election. But he lost the prime minister's post in 1989 and was assassinated
two years later while campaigning." [A.P., 05/14/04]

1947 - Paul Twitchell / India? - "Well,
anyway, in about 1947, it was right shortly after the Indians nation, India,
received their freedom from England and then became a nation... I went over
to Darjeeling... right on the Sikkim border... I went up there at the time
after being over in Allahabad, and there wasn't much left there after SUDAR
SINGH HAD PASSED AWAY. [NP] But then I went there and I'd been told that
I would find the ECK Master Rebazar Tarzs, I've got something about that
in one of my books, I think it's Introduction to ECK in which I have it.
I told about meeting him up in that part of the world. [....]"

1947 - National Security Act - September 18th,
1947: "Under the provisions of the National Security Act of 1947 [which became
effective on 18 September 1947] the National Security Council and the Central
Intelligence Agency were established." [Link:
1]

1947 - Established / CIA, U.S.A. - September
18th, 1947: "The CIA was established by sections of the National Security
Act that went into effect on 18 September 1947, a birthday the CIA shares
with the US Air Force and the National Security Council, both also created
by this Act. RAdm. Roscoe Hillenkoetter, whose tenure as third DCI spanned
both CIG and CIA, was reappointed the new Act required." [Link:
1]

1947 - U.S. Air Force - September 18th, 1947:
"The U.S. Air Force becomes a separate branch of the military."

1947 - Flooding / Honshu Island, Japan - "Flood
date(s): September 20th, 1947. Number of recorded deaths: 1,900."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 207]

1947 - Trivia / Flying Discs - September 23rd,
1947: "General Twining reportedly sent a memo to the general of Army Air
Forces in Washington, dated September 23, 1947 addressing, in the most general
of terms, the Official Air Material Command's intelligence regarding 'flying
discs.' " [The Day After Roswell]

1947 - 'Majestic Twelve' - September 26, 1947:
"Three days after the memo, on September 26th, 1947, General Twining gave
his report on the Roswell crash and its implications for the United States
to President Truman and a short list of officials he convened to begin
the management of this top-secret combination of inquiry, police development,
and 'ops.' This working group which included Adm. Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter,
Dr Vannevar Bush, Secretary James Forrestal, Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg, Dr. Detlev
Bronk, Dr. Jerome Hunsaker, Sidney W. Souers, Gordon Gray, Dr. Donald Menzel,
Gen. Robert M. Montague, Dr. Lyoyd V. Berkner, and Gen. Nathan Twining himself,
became the nucleous for an on-going 50-year operation that some people have
called 'Majestic-12.' " [The Day After Roswell, Col. Philip J. Corso,
with William J. Birnes]

1947 - GATT - "Since October 1929, the US dollar
had been tied to gold at the rate of $35/oz., and the key decision of the
conference was the Dollar Standard  the US$ was to be adopted as the
medium for international trade and settlement whilst the US government would
be able to print as many dollars as would be required to rebuild Europe and
regenerate international trade once protective tariffs were lifted. The British
pound [Sterling] was intended to play a mediating role in those regions already
tied to Sterling.
"The Institutions which were planned at Bretton Woods to oversee
this arrangement include the World Bank, launched late in 1945 and officially
called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [IBRD],
intended to provide long-term loans to states for reconstruction after the
devastation of the War, the I.M.F. [International Monetary Fund] launched
in 1946 and intended to finance short-term imbalances in international payments
and help maintain fixed exchange rates, linking all currencies to gold via
the Dollar Standard, and in October 1947 the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade [GATT] to oversee the dismantling of trade barriers." [Link
1]

1947 - Remote Viewing Trivia - October 15th,
1947: "A letter purportedly from L. Ron Hubbard, dated 15 October 1947, ends
up in his Veteran's Administration files in Los Angeles, where Lewis J. Fielding
is staff psychiatrist. The subject of the letter is Hubbard pleading with
the VA for psychiatric help. [NOTE: The letter never surfaces until decades
later, and then only as a copy several generations removed, making its
authenticity impossible to prove or disprove.]"

1947 - Birth / Joe Walsh - November 20th, 1947: "Joseph Fidler 'Joe' Walsh
(born November 20, 1947)[1] is an American musician, songwriter, record producer,
and actor. He has been a member of three commercially successful bands: the
James Gang, Barnstorm, and the Eagles. [...] A native of Wichita, Kansas,
Walsh and his family lived in Columbus, Ohio, for a number of years. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Walsh]

1947 - Palestine Partition - November 29th,
1947: "When Britain, in 1947, first declared it would withdraw from Palestine,
the UN stepped in and adopted a plan calling for the partition of Palestine
into two states - one Palestinian and one Jewish, with Jerusalem under UN
control. Arabs throughout the Middle East rejected the plan, while Jews in
Palestine rejoiced - and steeled themselves for war."
[N.G.M./October/2002]

*Trivia: "[....] On 29 November 1947 the United
Nations General Assembly approved a plan, UN General Assembly Resolution
181, to resolve the Arab-Jewish conflict by partitioning Palestine into two
states, one Jewish and one Arab. Each state would comprise three major sections,
linked by extraterritorial crossroads; the Arab state would also have an
enclave at Jaffa. With about 32% of the population, the Jews would get 56%
of the territory, an area that then contained 499,000 Jews and 438,000
Palestinians, though this included the inhospitable Negev Desert in the south.
The Palestinians would get 42% of the land, which then had a population of
818,000 Palestinians and 10,000 Jews. In consideration of its religious
significance, the Jerusalem area, including Bethlehem, with 100,000 Jews
and an equal number of Palestinians, was to become a Corpus Separatum, to
be administered by the UN. [....]"

1947 - Trivia / Dead Sea Scrolls - November
29th, 1947: "For nearly two thousand years the scrolls lay undisturbed in
their dark, dry cavities. When uncovered shortly after World War II [February?
1947], the first modern eyes to read their scripts and recognize their antiquity
were those of E. L. Sukenik, a specialist in Jewish paleography. Coincidentally,
it was November 29, 1947, the very day the United Nations voted to partition
Palestine in order to create a Jewish state."

*Trivia: "In February, 1947, young Bedouin
shepherds, searching for a stray goat in the Judean Desert, entered a
long-untouched cave and found jars filled with ancient scrolls. Reportedly,
the excavations at Qumran have produced relics dating from about 3,500 B.C.
According to the Copper Scroll, old Qumran was called Sekhakha." [Link:
1]

*Trivia: "Since the late fifties, about 40%
of the Scrolls, mostly fragments from Cave 4, remained unpublished and were
unaccessible. It wasn't until 1991, 44 years after the discovery of the first
Scroll, after the pressure for publication mounted, that general access was
made available to photographs of the Scrolls. In November of 1991 the photos
were published by the Biblical Archaeological Society in a nonofficial edition;
a computer reconstruction, based on a concordance, was announced; the Huntington
Library pledged to open their microfilm files of all the scroll photographs."

1947 - Project Sign - December 30th, 1947: "On
December 30, 1947, Major General L. C. Craigie, Director of Research and
Development, issued an order establishing Project Sign [aka Project Saucer]:
...to collect, collate, evaluate and distribute to interested government
agencies and contractors all information concerning sightings and phenomena
in the atmosphere which can be construed to be of concern to the national
security.
"There is reliable testimony that in August, 1948, the Technical
Intelligence Division at Wright-Patterson and Project Sign, decided to make
a formal Estimate of the Situation. The Estimate was a top
secret document that contained unexplained sightings by pilots, scientists,
and other reliable witnesses. The report concluded that UFOs were of
extraterrestrial origin.
"The Estimate of the Situation was promptly rejected
by Air Force Chief of Staff General Hoyt S. Vandenburg. It is said that he
deleted the strongest parts of the original report, sent it back, and then,
when he received the revised report, he rejected it on the grounds that there
was not enough evidence to support the conclusions. Then, after rejecting
it, he ordered all copies destroyed. Those inside Project Sign said that
their morale and enthusiasm for the project declined sharply after this.
Project Sign would soon have its name fittingly changed to Project Grudge."
[Link
1]

1947 - Project CHATTER -

Project Chatter was instigated by the US Navy late
in 1947. Intelligence rumours of Soviet success with truth drugs fuelled
the program. The project was geared to identifying agents both synthetic
and natural that were effective during interrogation. The project was centred
around, but not restricted to, the use of Anabasis aphylla (an alkaloid),
scopolamine and mescaline. The project was halted in 1953, presumably due
to limited progress and the success of other projects.

[Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_CHATTER]

1947 - Vietminh Activity / Vietnam - "In 1947,
Vietminh Move North of Hanoi. French General Etienne Valluy attempts, and
fails, to wipe out the Vietminh in one stroke."

1947 - Andrija Puharich / Northwestern University
- "He [Andrija Puharich] received a medical degree from Northwestern University
in 1947. Upon graduation, Puharich developed a slavish interest in clairvoyance
and dabbled in theories for electronically enhancing and synthesizing psychic
abilities. He joined the Army and took part in certain 'parapsychology'
experiments." [Alex Constantine, Virtual Government, p. 11]

1947 - Founded / National Training Laboratories,
U.S.A. - [....]

[...] Founded in 1947 by members of the Tavistock network
in the United States and located originally on an estate in Bethel, Maine,
NTL had as its explicit purpose the brainwashing of leaders of the government,
educational institutions, and corporate bureaucracies in the Tavistock method,
and then using these "leaders" to either themselves run Tavistock group sessions
in their organizations or to hire other similarly trained group leaders to
do the job. The "nuts and bolts" of the NTL operation revolves around the
particular form of Tavistock degenerate psychology known as "group dynamics,"
developed by German Tavistock operative Kurt Lewin, who emigrated to the
United States in the 1930s and whose students founded NTL. In a Lewinite
brainwashing group, a number of individuals from varying backgrounds and
personalities, are manipulated by a "group leader" to form a "consensus"
of opinion, achieving a new "group identity." The key to the process is the
creation of a controlled environment, in which stress is introduced (somtimes
called dissonance) to crack an individual's belief structure. Using the peer
pressure of other group members, the individual is "cracked," and a new
personality emerges with new values. The degrading experience causes the
person to deny that any change has taken place. In that way, an individual
is brainwashed without the victim knowing what has taken place. [....]

1947 - The Secret of Light - "The
Secret of Light, by Walter Russell, copyright 1947."

"Truth is simple. Balance is simple. Rhythmic balanced
interchange between all pairs of opposite expressions in Natural phenomena,
and in human relations, is the consumate art of God's universe of
Light."

1948 - Fatality / Mohandas Gandhi - January
30th: " Mohandas K. Gandhi was shot and killed by a member of the high Hindu
caste."

1948 - Emmy Awards - Entertainment highlights
during the week of Jan 28 - Feb. 3, 1948: The first Emmy Awards were given
for excellence in television. The first Emmy winner was Shirley Dinsdale
and her puppet, Judy Splinters, for most outstanding personality. [Based
on: Article (THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT WAS), p. E5, S.L.P.D.,
01/30/07]

1948 - Birth / James Taylor - March 12th, 1948: "James Vernon Taylor ...
is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A five-time Grammy Award
winner, Taylor was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.
[...] James Taylor was born at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston on
March 12, 1948, where his father, Isaac M. Taylor, was a resident physician.
[....]"

1948 - Birth / Andrew Lloyd Weber - March 22nd, 1948: "Andrew Lloyd Webber,
Baron Lloyd-Webber Kt. ... is an English composer and impresario of musical
theatre. [...] Andrew Lloyd Webber was born in Kensington, London, the elder
son of William Lloyd Webber (19141982), a composer and organist, and
Jean Hermione (née Johnstone; 19211993), a violinist and pianist.
[....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Weber]

1948 - Birth / Wolf Blitzer - March 22nd, 1948: "Wolf Isaac Blitzer ... is
an American journalist and television news anchor who has been a CNN reporter
since 1990. [...] Blitzer was born in Augsburg, Germany,[2][3] the son of
Cesia Blitzer (née Zylberfuden), a homemaker, and David Blitzer,
a home builder.[4][5][6] His parents were Jewish refugees from Poland, and
Holocaust survivors.[7] He was raised in Buffalo, New York. Blitzer graduated
from Kenmore West Senior High School and received a Bachelor of Arts in history
from the University at Buffalo in 1970. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Blitzer]

1948 - American Broadcasting Company (ABC) -
April 19th, 1948: "The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American
commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former
NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company as of 1996
and is part of DisneyABC Television Group, formerly ABC-TV. Its first
broadcast on television was in 1948. It is the largest broadcaster in the
world by revenues. As one of the Big Three television networks, its programming
has contributed to American popular culture. [....]"

1948 - Birth / Steven Tyler - March 26th, 1948: "Steven Tyler ... is an American
singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist, best known as the frontman
and lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith, in which he also
plays the harmonica, and occasional piano and percussion. [...] Steven Victor
Tallarico was born on March 26, 1948, in Yonkers, New York, the son of Susan
Ray (née Blancha; June 2, 1925  July 4, 2008), a secretary,
and Victor A. Tallarico (May 14, 1916  September 10, 2011),[4] a classical
musician and pianist. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Tyler]

1948 - Birth / Al Gore - March 31st, 1948: "Reportedly born on this date
in history: Former U.S. Vice president, Al Gore."

1948 - Died / "Sawan Singh" - April 2nd, 1948: "[....] Huzur Sawan
Singh died on April 2, 1948, just days after appointing Jagat Singh as his
spiritual successor. [....]"

[Based on: http://vclass.mtsac.edu:930/phil/saint.htm]

1948 - Radasoami Master / Jagat Singh - April,
1948: "Maharaj Jagat Singh Ji [Maharaj Sardar Bahadur Jagat Singh Ji], Sant
Sat Guru, Radha Soami Satsang Beas (1948 - 1951)[1] was born on the 20th
July, 1884 at Nussi, a small village not very far from Beas. [....] After
his retirement in 1943, He spent practically all his time in meditation and
Shabd Abhyas (Practice) till He assumed charge of His Master's work at Beas
in April 1948 and engrossed Himself fully in carrying out the functions and
duties entrusted to Him, despite His indifferent health. [NP] He talked little,
used words sparingly, went straight to the point - often quite bluntly. At
such moments, His quiet brown eyes would light up with a flash. [NP] He died
quietly early on the morning of the 23rd October, 1951. The day before, He
had dictated His will and given instructions about His funeral."

1948 - Two-Stage Rocket - "On May 13th, the
first two-stage rocket launched in the Western Hemisphere was launched from
the White Sands facility. It was a V2 which had been converted to include
a WAC-Corporal upper stage. It reached a total altitude of 79 miles."
[Link
1]

1948 - Independence / Israel - May 14th,
1948: "On May 14th, Israel declared independence, offering itself as a haven
from anti-Semitism for the world's Jews. An ongoing war between Jews and
Palestinians was thereupon joined by neighboring Arab states. When the war
ended in January 1949, Israel controlled 78 percent of Palestine, and 750,000
Palestinians became refugees." [N.G.M. / October 2002]

*Trivia: "[....] In 1948, the United States
was the first country to recognize Israel, 11 minutes after its statehood
declaration. In that momentous decision, President Harry Truman broke with
his secretary of state, George Marshall, and most of the foreign policy experts.
[NP] 'Because Harry Truman did what was right instead of following the convential
wisdom, we can say today that America is Israel's oldest and best friend
in the world,' Bush [U.S. President George W. Bush] said to cheers from
conference guests [Jerusalem - 05/14/08]." [Based on:Title for A.P.
article (President is upbeat in visit to Jerusalem), p A5, S.L.P.D.,
05/15/08]

1948 - Israeli Expansion / Beyond U.N.-Set
Borders - "Following Arab attacks on Israel in May 1948, the
Israelis pushed back the Arab armies and extended the area under Israeli
control beyond the then U.N.-set borders for the Jewish state."

*Trivia: "[....] Any changes Israel made in
expanding its boundaries since the end of the 1948 war for independence 'must
be mutually agreed to,' Bush said. And he said Israel must remove illegal
makeshift outposts from the West Bank and stop expanding Jewish settlements."
[Based on: Washington Post article, p. A1 & A14, St. Louis
Post-Dispatch, 05/27/05]

1948 - Rockets With Live Animals - June 11th,
1948: "White Sands launched the first in a series of rockets that contained
live animals, on June 11. The launches were named 'Albert,' after the
monkey that rode in the first rocket. Albert died of suffocation in
the rocket. Several monkeys and mice were killed in the experiments."
[Link:
1]

1948 - Start / Berlin Airlift - June 1948: "[....]
In an effort to squeeze the Western powers out of Berlin, Soviet dictator
Josef Stalin in June 1948 blockaded all rail, road and ship traffic into
the city. The airlift supplied West Berliners with food and fuel for 11 months
until the Soviets lifted the blockade." [Based on: News Services article
(Germany celebrates anniversary [June 26th] of airlift), p. A12, S.L.P.D.,
06/27/08]

1948 - ABC Debut / "Candid Camera"-
Entertainment highlights during the week of August 6th-12th, 1948: Allen
Funt's "Candid Camera" made its television debut on ABC with the title "Candid
Microphone," which was also the name of a radio program produced by Funt.
[Based on: A.P. article, p. E5, S.L.P.D., 08/08/06]

1948 - Birth / Robert Plant - August 20th, 1948: "Robert Anthony Plant, CBE
(born 20 August 1948) is an English singer and songwriter best known as the
vocalist and lyricist of the rock band Led Zeppelin. He has also had a successful
solo career. [... .]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Plant]

1948 - Summer Olympic Games / London, England -
"In 1948, the Summer Olympic Games were held in London, England. Germany
and Japan [aggressor nations during WWII] were not invited, but Communist
countries participated for the first time. In 1948, the Winter Olympic Games
were held in St. Moritz, Switzerland."

1948 - Birth / Jackson Browne - October 9th, 1948: "Clyde Jackson Browne
(born October 9, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and musician who
has sold over 17 million albums in the United States alone. [...] Browne
was born in Heidelberg, Germany, where his father, Clyde Jack Browne, an
American serviceman, was stationed for his job assignment with the Star and
Stripes newspaper. Browne's mother, Beatrice Amanda (née Dahl), was
a Minnesota native of Norwegian ancestry.[2] [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Browne]

1948 - Birth / Margot Kidder - October 17th, 1948: "Margaret Ruth 'Margot'
Kidder (born October 17, 1948) is a Canadian-born actress. [...] Kidder,
one of five children, was born in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada,
the daughter of Jocelyn Mary 'Jill' (née Wilson), a history teacher,
and Kendall Kidder, an explosives expert and mining engineer. [....]"

1948 - Birth / Glenn Frey - November 6th, 1948: "Glenn Lewis Frey (pronounced
Fry; born November 6, 1948) is an American musician, singer, songwriter,
and actor, best known as a founding member of the Eagles. Frey formed the
Eagles after he met drummer Don Henley in 1970 and the two eventually joined
Linda Ronstadt's backup band for her summer tour. [...] Frey was born in
Detroit, Michigan.[1] [....]"

1948 - Radiological Warfare Research / U.S.A. -
"The U.S. Army explored the potential of using radioactive poisons to assassinate
'important individuals' such as military or civilian leaders during the Cold
War, according to newly declassified documents obtained by The Associated
Press. [NP] Kept secret since it was approved at the highest levels of the
Army in 1948, the effort was part of the military's pursuit of a 'new concept
of warfare' using radioactive materials from atomic bombmaking to contaminate
swaths of enemy land or to target military bases, factories or troop formations.
[NP No targeted individuals are mentioned in references to the assassination
weapon in the government documents declassified in response to a Freedom
of Information Act request filed by the AP in 1995. [NP] The broader effort
on offensive uses of radiological warfare apparently died by about 1954,
at least in part because of the Defense department's conviction that nuclear
weapons were a better bet. [NP] Whether the work migrated to another agency
such as the CIA is unclear. The project was given final approval in November
1948 and began the following month, just one year after the CIA's creation
in 1947. [NP] It was a turbulent time on the international scene. In August
1949, the Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb, and two
months later Mao Zedong's communists triumphed in China's civil war. [....]
The government's first public report on the bomb project, published in 1945,
noted that radioactive fission products from a uranium-fueled reactor could
be extracted and used 'like a particularly vicious form of poison gas.' [....]
Among the released documents, an Army memo - dated Dec. 16, 1948, and labled
secret - described a crash program to develop a variety of military uses
for radioactive materials. Work on a 'subversive weapon for attack of individuals
or small groups' was listed as a secondary priority, to be confined to
feasibility studies and experiments. [NP] The top priorities listed in order
were: * Weapons to contaminate 'populated or otherwise critical areas for
long periods of time.' * Munitions combining high explosives with radioactive
material 'to accomplish physical damage and radioactive contamination
simultaneously.' * Air and/or surface weapons that would spread contamination
across an area to be evacuated, thereby rendering it unusable by enemy forces.
[NP] The stated goal was to produce a prototype for the first two weapons
by Dec. 31, 1950. [NP] The fourth ranked priority was 'munitions for attack
on individuals' using radioactive agents for which there is 'no means of
therapy.' [....] The Dec. 16, 1948, memo said a lethal attack against individuals
using radiological material should be done in a way that makes it impossible
to trace the U.S. government's involvement, a concept known as 'plausible
deniability' that is central to U.S. covert actions." [Based on: A.P. article
(U.S. researched radiological assassinations / Cold War pursuit was part
of 'new concept of warfare,' documents show.), p A2, S.L.P.D., 10/09/07]
- [My brackets. "NP" = New Paragraph]

1948 - Elements of "Foreign Technology" - December,
1948: "Just a little over a year after the initial group meetings at the
White House, Air Force Intelligence, now that the Air Force had become a
separate service, issued a December 1948 report - 100-203-79 - called 'Analysis
of Flying Object Incidents in the U.S.' in which UFO'S are never referred
to as extraterrestial objects but as elements of 'foreign technology,'
which is actually the subject of the report. The report, inocuous to most
people because it doesn't say that flying saucers are from outer space,
is actually one of the first indications showing how the camouflage plan
was supposed to work over the ensuing years." [The Day After Roswell,
Col. Philip J. Corso, with William J. Birnes]

1948 - Apartheid / South Africa - "[....] Tha National Party, which
came to power in 1948, presided over 48 years of systematic and often brutal
oppression of the country's [South Africa's] black majority, who were denied
the right to vote or mix with whites. [....]" [Based on: A.P. article, S.L.P.D.,
04/10/05]

1948 - Voting Rights / Arizona Indians - "In
1948, Arizona state is forced by the courts to give Indians the right to
vote as in other American states."

1948 - Last Published /Index Librorum
Prohibitorum - 1948 "[....] In 1557, when Pope Paul IV created the Index
[Index Librorum Prohibitorum], the church was in a defensive mood, said Jonathan
Canning, a curator for the exibit [@ Loyola University Museum of Art - 2007].
Martin Luther's criticism of Catholic practices was splitting Western Christendom
in two. The church had its hands full answering Protestant arguments and
wasn't happy about having to fight a second front with science - which was
just then emerging from centuries of stagnation. [....] The last edition
of the Index was published in 1948, and the practice was abolished by Vatican
II in the 1960s [1966], Canning noted. [....]." [Based on: Chicago Tribune
article (Once-banned books on display / Exibit at Catholic university [Loyola
University Museum of Art] includes volumes by Copernicus, Descartes.) by
Ron Grossman, p A4, S.L.P.D., 05/02/07]

1948 - Notable Songs of 1948 - "Round Midnight"
(Thelonius Monk)

1948 - Established / Fate Magazine - Established
in 1948 by Clark Publishing Company, the first edition of Fate hit world
newsstands in the Spring. Co-founded by Ray Palmer, editor of the Amazing
Stories magazine, and Curtis Fuller, an accomplished editor in his own right,
the magazine's inaugural edition featured an article by Kenneth Arnold who
recounted in it his amazing UFO encounter in 1947. Arnold's sighting marked
the beginning of the modern UFO era, and his story propelled the fledgling
Fate to national recognition. *Link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate_(magazine)
- [T.D. - 01/17/10]

1948 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1948 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 5,390."
[E.M.]

1949

1949 - Hoover Commission - "The Hoover Commission
on the Reorganization of Government recommended termination of the federal-Indian
trust relationship."

1949 - Hubbard & Religion- "I'd like to
start a religion. That's where the money is." -L. Ron Hubbard to Lloyd Eshbach,
in 1949; quoted by Eshbach in Over My Shoulder.

*Link: http://www.bible.ca/scientology-judges.htm
- [T.D. - 01/23/10]

1949 - Founded / Ananaikyo - Ananaikyo. A New
Sect Shinto organization (see SECT SHINTO) founded in 1949 by Nakano Yonosuke.
It is deliberately eclectic: the name means the teaching (kyo)
of the three (ana) and the five (nai), referring
to the religious traditions from which it draws inspiration. It practises
kami possession and ecstasy, through a technique known as chinkon kishin,
stilling the self to become one with the kami. The principal
kami worshipped is Kuni Tokotachi no Mikoto.

1949 - Central Intelligence Agency Act - "In
1949, the Central Intelligence Agency Act was passed supplementing the 1947
Act by permitting the Agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative
procedures and exempting the CIA from many of the usual limitations on the
expenditure of federal funds." [Link:
1]

1949 - Excavation / Tomb of Pacal Votan -
"Pacals final resting place was in a tomb below the Temple of Inscriptions.
Archeologists encountered this tomb after they discovered a secret stairway
that let down into the heart of the pyramid. The tomb was unearthed in 1952
AD after three years of work [since 1949?] removing boulders that had been
used to block the entrance of the stairway."

1949 - Debut / 45 Vinyl Disc- January
10th, 1949: "Back in 1948, the Columbia company had perfected the 12-inch,
33 1/3 rpm, long-playing vinyl disc known as the LP. A year later on
January 10th, 1949, Columbia's rival, RCA Victor, introduced a competing
format, a 7-inch disc that played at 45 revolutions per minute. The 45's
greatest success came with the onset of rock and roll, reaching its sales
peak in the mid-1960s." [Based on: Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac,
p. 12]

1949 - Birth / George Foreman - January 10th, 1949: "Reportedly born on this
date in history: Boxer, George Foreman."

1949 - Project Grudge - February, 1949:
"In February, 1949, Project Sign came to an end, and with it the Air
Force's objective attitude toward UFOs. The final report of Project Sign
was decidedly skeptical towards the extraterrestrial origin hypothesis for
the origin of UFOs, reflecting a shift towards explaining all sightings as
misidentifications of natural phenomena. Secretly, however, the Air Force
had merely changed the name of the project to Project Grudge
[1949-1952]."

1949 - Test Launch / No. 5 Two-Stage Rocket -
February 24th, 1949: "A number 5 two-stage rocket was launched to 244 miles
of altitude, and 5,510 mph velocity over White Sands. It set a new
record for the time-being, on February 24."
[Link:
1]

1949 - Elysee Agreement / France & Vietnam -
March 8th, 1949: "Bao Dai and President Vincent Auriol of France sign the
Elysee Agreement. As part of the agreement the French pledge to assist in
the building of a national anti-Communist army."

1949 - Birth / Erik Estrada - March 16th, 1949: "Henry Enrique "Erik" Estrada
... is an American police officer and actor, known for his co-starring lead
role in the 19771983 United States police television series
CHiPs.[1] [...] Estrada was born in East Harlem, Manhattan, New York
City, the son of Carmen, a seamstress, and Renildo Estrada.[1] He is of Puerto
Rican descent.[2] [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Estrada]

1949 - Birth / Eddie Money - March 21st, 1949: "Eddie Money (born Edward
Joseph Mahoney, March 21, 1949), is an American rock guitarist, saxophonist,
and singersongwriter who found success in the 1970s and 1980s with
a string of Top 40 hits and platinum albums. [...] Eddie Money was born Edward
Mahoney into a large Irish Catholic family in Brooklyn and raised in Plainedge
on Long Island. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Money]

1949 - - March 26th, 1949: "Vicki Lawrence ... is an American actress,
comedienne, and Billboard Hot 100 #1 singer, who was frequently a game show
panelist in the 1970s and 1980s. [...] Lawrence was born in Inglewood,
California,[2] the daughter of Anne Alene (née Loyd) and Howard Axelrad,
a certified public accountant. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicki_Lawrence]

1949 - Relieved of Duty / U.S. Secretary of Defense - Late March,
1949: "[....] President Truman relieved Forrestal ... of his position in
late March of 1949. Within a few days he was committed, apparently against
his will, to Bethesda Naval Hospital suffering from 'exhaustion.' In spite
of the invaluable service he had rendered to the country during World War
II, first as Under Secretary of the Navy and then Secretary of the Navy,
he had in 1948 and early 1949 been the subject of an unprecedented press
vilification campaign, led by powerful columnists Drew Pearson and Walter
Winchell. [....]"

[Based on article by David Martin @
http://www.nationalvanguard.org/story.php?id=5634]

*Trivia: "However history may ultimately judge his opposition to the
establishment of Israel, by 1949 it was clear that Forrestal was, in a sense,
one of the casualties of the diplomatic warfare that had led to the creation
of the Jewish state." - Arnold Rogow, James Forrestal, A Study of Personality,
Politics, and Power, 1963

[http://www.nationalvanguard.org/story.php?id=5634]

1949 - Conception / NATO - April 4th, 1949:
"With the memory of the Berlin Blockade and the Communist takeover in
Czechoslovakia still fresh, 12 nations agree to form the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization as a counter to Soviet expansionism. The 12 are the United States,
Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Neatherlands, Norway, and Portugal." [Sources: NATO, The Associated Press,
the World Book, the Encyclopedia Britannica]

*Trivia: "NATO established Aug. 24 by U.S.,
Canada, and 10 Western European nations, agreeing that an armed attack against
one would be considered an attack against all." [Based on: The World Almanac
and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 549]

1949 - Kape Kennedy Test Range - "On May 11,
President Truman signed a bill for a 5,000 mile test range to extend from
Cape Kennedy Florida. The Secretary of the Army approved the relocation
of the White Sands scientists and their equipment to Huntsville, Alabama."
[Link:
1]

1949 - Suicide? / James Forrestal - May 22nd,
1949: "In the early morning hours of May 22, 1949, the recently ousted first
American Secretary of Defense, James Vincent Forrestal, committed
suicide at the Bethesda Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. His death came
as a shock to official Washington, where he had been a commanding figure,
yet to those who knew him well, there was a certain grim logic to this tragic
end." [Based on: Arlington National Cemetary Website]

*Trivia:

[....]

James V. Forrestal was America's first Secretary of Defense. He was also
the leading official in the Truman administration opposing the creation and
U.S. recognition of the state of Israel. President Truman relieved Forrestal
... of his position in late March of 1949. Within a few days he was committed,
apparently against his will, to Bethesda Naval Hospital suffering from
"exhaustion." In spite of the invaluable service he had rendered to the country
during World War II, first as Under Secretary of the Navy and then Secretary
of the Navy, he had in 1948 and early 1949 been the subject of an unprecedented
press vilification campaign, led by powerful columnists Drew Pearson and
Walter Winchell.

At around 1:45 am, May 22, some seven weeks after his admission to the hospital,
Forrestal plunged from a 16th floor window of the hospital to his death.
A belt or cord, said to be from his dressing gown, was tied tightly around
his neck.

On May 23, a review board was appointed by Admiral Morton D. Willcutts, the
head of the National Naval Medical Center to investigate the death. The board
completed its work on May 31, but not until October 11 did it publish a brief,
summary report of only a few lines. No explanation of the delay was given.
The summary concluded that Forrestal had died from the fall, but it had nothing
to say about what caused the fall, except to conclude that no one associated
with the Navy was responsible. In short, it did not conclude that he had
committed suicide, as initial reports stated and the public is still given
to believe. No mention was made in the summary, or in those later October
press reports, of the belt around Forrestal's neck.

The Willcutts Report, itself, was kept secret, and, curiously, no hue and
cry was raised over that fact. After two unsuccessful Freedom of Information
Act tries with the National Naval Medical Center, I was finally able to get
the report of the review board from the office of the Navy's Judge Advocate
General, and my analysis is at http://www.dcdave.com/article4/040922.html
.

[....]

Pro-Israel writers like Rogow, Winchell biographer, Neal Gabler, Jack Anderson,
Charles Higham, John Loftus, and Mark Aarons have continued the character
assassination against Forrestal, falsely characterizing him as an anti-Semitic
nut who had made several previous suicide attempts. This claim of several
previous suicide attempts, echoed at this Arlington Cemetery Web site:
http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jvforres.htm , is virtually proved to be
false by the testimony of Forrestal's Bethesda Hospital doctors in the Willcutts
Report. They agree that, from all indications, he had never before attempted
suicide.

The indications are very strong that the Roman Catholic Forrestal kept his
no-suicide-attempt record intact on May 22, 1949, and became another casualty
of the creation of the state of Israel in the same sense that Lord Moyne,
Count Bernadotte, Yitzhak Rabin, Rachel Corrie, 34 crewmen on the USS Liberty,
and Palestinian leaders on a regular basis have been casualties.

The Willcutts Report is available in pdf form on the web site of the Seeley
Mudd Manuscript Library at Princeton University. Copies should also be available
for perusal at the Harry S. Truman Library in Independence, Missouri, and
the Library of Congress. I have given the appropriate officials at these
libraries compact discs of the report.

[Based on article by David Martin @
http://www.nationalvanguard.org/story.php?id=5634]

1949 - Established / NATO - August 24th, 1949:
"NATO established Aug. 24 by U.S., Canada, and 10 Western European nations,
agreeing that an armed attack against one would be considered an attack against
all." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 549]

1949 - Soviet Atomic Bomb Explosion / Kazakhstan
- August 29th, 1949: "The Soviet Union becomes the world's second nuclear
power when it explodes a copy of the Fat Man bomb in Kazakhstan. The bomb's
design was stolen from the U.S. by German-born scientist Klaus Fuchs." [Based
on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 103]

1949 - Birth / Richard Gere - August 31st, 1949: "Richard Tiffany Gere (...
born August 31, 1949) is an American actor. [...] Born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, Gere is a descendant of Mayflower Pilgrims Francis Eaton,
John Billington, George Soule, Richard Warren, Degory Priest, William Brewster,
and Francis Cooke.[1] His paternal great-grandfather had changed the spelling
of the surname from 'Geer'.[1] [....]"

1949 - Birth / Bruce Springsteen - September 23rd, 1949: "Bruce Frederick
Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949), nicknamed "The Boss," is an
American singer-songwriter-performer who records and tours with the E Street
Band. Springsteen is widely known for his brand of heartland rock, poetic
lyrics, and Americana sentiments centered on his native New Jersey.[1] [....]"

1949 - Died / Babuji - "Babuji [the fifth Sant Sat Guru] died in October
1949, only one year before Paul [Paul Twitchell] joined Swami Premananda's
ashram, as Paul began looking for his new spiritual teacher. Eventually Paul
made contact with Rebazar Tarzs, who showed him the complete teachings of
ECKANKAR." [Based on: Dialogue in the Age of Criticism, Chap. 12]

*Trivia: "It was predicted by Sant Das Maheshwari, who was Babuji's personal
secretary, that the next Sant Sat Guru would appear in the early to mid-60's,
but none have ever been recognized officially. Some claim that Sant Das himself
was the Sant Sat Guru, but he denied it numerous times. Others split off
from the group with their own gurus." [Based on: Dialogue in the Age of
Criticism, Chap. 12]

1949 - Dead Sea Scrolls / U.S. Library of Congress
- "The Dead Sea Scrolls were first displayed in the United States at
the Library of Congress in October 1949. The scrolls belonged to Mar Athanasius
Yeshua Samuel, the head of the Syrian Jacobite Monastery of St. Mark in
Jerusalem. In 1954, he placed an advertisement in 'The Wall Street Journal'
offering 'The Four Dead Sea Scrolls' for sale. Purchased for the State of
Israel by archaeologist Yigael Yadin, these scrolls are housed today in The
Shrine of the Book in Jerusalem."

1949 - Formally Established / People's Republic
of China - "On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was formally
established, with its national capital at Beijing, with Chairman Mao Zedong.
The people were defined as a coalition of four social classes: the workers,
the peasants, the petite bourgeoisie, and the national-capitalists."

1949 - Exorcism? / St. Louis, Mo. - 1949: "[....]
You've probably heard of 'The Exorcist.' Father Halloran, who died Tuesday
(March 1, 2005) at 83, was the last living Jesuit to be involved in an exorcism
that took place in 1949 at a psychiatric unit in St. Louis. [....] Father
Halloran died at a Jesuit retirement home in Wauwatosa, Wis., a Milwaukee
suburb. But he spent many years in St. Louis from the 1940s and on into the
1970s. He was just 27 and a history student at St. Louis University when
he was summoned to the psychiatric wing at Alexian Brothers Hospital, 3933
South Broadway. The Rev. William S. Bowdern was dealing with a 14-year-old
lad who he believed was possessed by a diabolical spirit or spirits. The
boy, Douglas Deen, was a Lutheran from Mount Rainier, Md., a Washington suburb.
An eight-page report concerning the incident that was filed in the Georgetown
University archives said the boy's parents were concerned by his aberrant
behavior. Later accounts said that an aunt and uncle living in St. Louis
had suggested to the parents that they try an exorcism as a way of bringing
the child under control. That's how he ended up at Alexian Brothers. [....]
Father Halloran said he observed streaks and arrows and words like
'hell' that would rise on the child's skin. [....] In 1988, the Post-Dispatch
did a two-part series on the actual exorcism, with Father Halloran providing
a lot of fascinating information. [....] Father Halloran became the last
remaining priest from the exorcism after the death of Van Roo, 89, who died
in March 2004 at a health care center in Wauwatosa, Wis. Bowdern died in
1983 at age 85. [....] A visitation and Mass will taske place Friday evening
[03/04/05] in Wauwatosa, Wis." [Based on: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p.
A1 & A8,03/03/05]

1949 - Volkswagen / United States - "In 1949,
the Volkswagen is introduced to the U.S.A."

1949 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1949 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 6,008."
[E.M.]

1950

1950 - 1st Credit Card - "The first credit card
[Diners]."

1950 - "Space Brothers" - "By the 1950's, contactees
such as George Adamski and Howard Menger were writing books and lecturing
to eager believers about the almost god-like space brothers." [Tim
Swartz, The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla, p. 28]

1950 - Native American Relocation - "Dillon
Myer, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, supported termination as well as relocation
and urbanization program for reservation Indians, encouraging migration to
cities and cultural assimilation."

1950 - Paul Twitchell / Self-Revelation Church
of Absolute Monism - "In 1950, Paul Twitchell and his wife, Camille Ballowe,
joined the Self-Revelation Church of Absolute Monism in Washington, D.C."

[Based on: Dialogue in the Age of Criticism,
Chap. 2]

1950 - Birth / Victoria Principal - January 3rd, 1950: "Victoria Principal
... is an American actress, author and businesswoman best known for her role
as Pamela Barnes Ewing on the CBS nighttime soap opera Dallas from
1978 to 1987. [...] Principal was born in Fukuoka, Japan, the eldest daughter
of United States Air Force sergeant Victor Principal, after whom she was
named and who was then stationed in Fukuoka. [....]"

1950 - Birth / Peter Gabriel - February 13th, 1950: "Peter Brian Gabriel
... is an English singer, musician, and songwriter who rose to fame as the
lead vocalist and flautist of the progressive rock band Genesis. [...] Peter
Gabriel was born in Chobham, Surrey, England. [... .]"

1950 - Birth / George Thorogood - February 24th, 1950: "George Thorogood
... is an American blues rock vocalist/guitarist from Wilmington, Delaware,
United States [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Thorogood]

1950 - Martin Short - March 26th, 1950: "Martin Hayter Short, CM (born March
26, 1950) is a Canadian American actor[1] comedian, writer, singer , voice
actor and producer. [...] Short was born in Hamilton, Ontario, the youngest
of five children of Olive (née Hayter), a violinist, and Charles Patrick
Short, a corporate executive with Stelco, a Canadian steel company. [....]"

1950 - Dianetics / L. Ron Hubbard - May 9th,
1950: "The book Dianetics, the Modern Science of Mental Health by
L. Ron Hubbard is released. It decries hypnosis, and describes techniques
for safely accessing in the mind the contents of incidents involving
unconsciousness, hypnosis, drugs, and pain. It becomes a bestseller."[Based on:http://www.sc-i-r-s-ology.pair.com/rvtimeline/index.html]
- [T.D. - 09/09/08]

*Trivia: "[....] Sensing where this world was
headed as early as 1950, L. Ron Hubbard began to search out a means by which,
as he wrote, 'man can recover to himself some of the happiness, some of the
sincerity, some of the love and kindness with which he was created.' "

*Trivia: "[....] L. Ron Hubbard had found the
source of human aberration and had developed a technique of the mind that
worked. Dianetics was born. [....] Shortly thereafter, he found himself literally
deluged with letters requesting more information on the application of his
breakthroughs. Hoping to make his discoveries available to the broad public,
and at the insistence of those working with him at the time, he offered his
findings to the American Medical Association and the American Psychiatric
Association. The response was most enlightening. Not only did the health
care establishment claim no interest in his work, they declined to even examine
his results. [....]" [http://lron.hubbard.org/pg008.html] - [T.D. -
09/13/08]

1950 - Navy Resignation / L. Ron Hubbard - May
27th, 1950: "The Office of Naval Intelligence in Washington, D.C. sends an
officer to put L. Ron Hubbard into civilian service in the government to
continue his researches on the mind. Hubbard says no. The officer says that
if he refuses, Hubbard will be ordered back to active duty, since his Naval
commission has not been terminated. Hubbard quickly takes advantage of a
letter of permission he has from the Secretary of the Navy to resign his
commission, thereby putting Dianetics and Scientology out of the reach and
control of the U.S. government."

1950 - Korean War - June 25th, 1950: "When Communist
forces from North Korea invade the Republic of South Korea on June 25, President
Truman appeals to the United Nations to take action. The UN quickly brands
North Korea the aggessor, and Truman follows up by sending US air and naval
support to Korea immediately thereafter."

*Trivia: "[....] Last week [February 2005],
as the president's $82 billion supplemental budget for Iraq and Afghanistan
reached the House, some Republicans expressed skepticism about many of its
provisions, particularly the $658 million earmarked to build a new U.S. embassy
in Baghdad. The $82 billion would push the total cost of the war efforts
to more than $300 billion, about 80 percent of which has gone or will go
to the Iraq operation. Adjusted for inflation, that exceeds the $200 billion
cost of World War I and is approaching the $350 billion spent on the Korean
War. Between 1962 and 1975, the United States spent more than $600 billion
in today's dollars in Vietnam. We're almost halfway to that figure in just
two years in Iraq. And that understates the war's cost. The money for the
war is on top of the more than $420 billion a year already allocated for
the Defense Department. It costs $100,000 a year to feed, house, equip, train
and maintain every U.S. soldier, before he or she ever gets to Iraq. [....]
[Based on: Editorial, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. B6, 02/21/05 - paragraph
indents removed - E.M.]

*Trivia: "[....] In Vietnam, the U.S. lost on
average about 4,850 soldiers a year from 1963-75. In the Korean war, from
1950-53, the U.S. lost about 12,300 soldiers a year. [....] " [Based on:A.P. article (U.S. death toll in Iraq war reaches 4,000 / Roadside bombing
in southern Baghdad kills 4 U.S. soldiers.) by Robert H. Reid, p. A10, S.L.P.D.,
03/24/08]

1950 - U.S. Military Nurses / Korean War - 1950-1953: "More than 50 nurses
arrive in Pusan less than 72 hours after the first U.S. soldiers land. Nurses
land on the beaches at Inchon during the Army's invasion." [Based on: St.
Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A10, 07/10/05]

1950 - U.S. Air Force & Navy / Korea - June
27th, 1950: "Truman ordered Air Force and Navy to Korea June 27th." [Based
on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 549]

1950 - U.S. Military Advisors / South Vietnam
- "U.S. sent 35 military advisors to South Vietnam June 27, and agreed to
aid anti-Communist government." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of
Facts, 2005, p. 549]

*Trivia: "In 1950, the United States sent $15
million dollars in military aid to the French for the war in Indochina. Included
in the aid package was a military mission and military advisors."

*Trivia: "[....] Last week [February 2005],
as the president's $82 billion supplemental budget for Iraq and Afghanistan
reached the House, some Republicans expressed skepticism about many of its
provisions, particularly the $658 million earmarked to build a new U.S. embassy
in Baghdad. The $82 billion would push the total cost of the war efforts
to more than $300 billion, about 80 percent of which has gone or will go
to the Iraq operation. Adjusted for inflation, that exceeds the $200 billion
cost of World War I and is approaching the $350 billion spent on the Korean
War. Between 1962 and 1975, the United States spent more than $600 billion
in today's dollars in Vietnam. We're almost halfway to that figure in just
two years in Iraq. And that understates the war's cost. The money for the
war is on top of the more than $420 billion a year already allocated for
the Defense Department. It costs $100,000 a year to feed, house, equip, train
and maintain every U.S. soldier, before he or she ever gets to Iraq. [....]
[Based on: Editorial, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. B6, 02/21/05 - paragraph
indents removed - E.M.]

*Trivia: "In 1950, the Chinese and Soviets
offered weapons to the Vietminh."

1950 - Ground Troops & Air Strikes / North
Korea - June 30th, 1950: "Truman approved ground forces, air strikes
against North Korea June 30." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 549]

1950 - U.S.-Backed Massacre? / Daejeon, South Korea
- July 1950: "Grave by mass grave, South Korea is unearthing the skeletons
and buried truths of a cold-blooded slaughter from early in the Korean War
[early July], when this nation's U.S.-backed regime killed untold
thousands of leftists and hapless peasants in a summer of terror
[Daejeon] in 1950. [....] The roots of the summer 1950 bloodbath lie
in the U.S-Soviet division of Japan's former Korea colony in 1945, which
precipitated north-south turmoil and eventual war. [NP] In the late 1940s,
President Syngman Rhee's U.S.-installed rightist regime crushed leftist political
activity in South Korea. By 1950, southern jails were packed with as many
as 30,000 political prisoners. [....] North Korean invaders seized Seoul,
the southern capital, in late June 1950. Southern authorities, in full retreat
with their U.S. military advisers, ordered National Guidance League members
in areas they controlled to report to the police, who detained them. Soon
after, commission researchers say, the organized mass executions of people
regarded as potential collaborators began. [NP] A State Department cable
that fall said overall commander Gen. Douglas MacArthur viewed the executions
as a Korean 'international matter,' even though he controlled South Korea's
military." [Based on:A.P.article (Massacre by U.S.-backed
regime in South Korea comes to light / As many as 100,000 leftists, peasants
were imprisoned, executed.) by Charles J. Hanley & Jae-soon Chang, p
A8, S.L.P.D., 05/19/08]

1950 - Plan to Suspend Habeas Corpus / J. Edgar
Hoover - July 7th, 1950: "A newly declassified document [12/21/07] shows
that J. Edgar Hoover, the long-time director of the FBI, had a plan to suspend
habeas corpus and imprison some 12,000 Americans that he suspected of disloyalty.
[NP] Hoover sent his plan to the White House on July 7, 1950, 12 days after
the Korean War began. It envisioned putting suspect Americans in military
prisons. [....] The Constitution says habeas corpus shall not be suspended
'unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require
it.' The plan proposed by Hoover, the head of the FBI from 1924 to 1972,
stretched that clause to include 'threatened invasion' or 'attack upon United
States troops in legally occupied territory.' [....]" [Based on: New York
Times article (Hoover sought arrest of 12,000 Americans) by Tim Weiner,
p A3, S.L.P.D., 12/23/07]

1950 - Kape Kennedy Rockets - "On July 24th,
the first rocket launch from Cape Kennedy was a number 8 of the two-stage
rockets. It climbed to a total of 25 miles in altitude. A number
7 two-stage rocket was launched from Cape Kennedy. It set the record for
the fastest moving man-made object, by traveling Mach 9." [Link:
1]

1950 - Railroad Seizure / U.S.A.- August
27th, 1950: "Army seized all railroads Aug. 27 on Truman's order to prevent
a general strike; returned to owners in 1952." [Based on: The World Almanac
and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 549]

1950 - Deteriorating / Genesis Apocryphon -
"For reasons unknown, the Genesis Apocryphon has deteriorated rapidly from
the 1950's and is generally recognized as the text in the worse shape."

1950 - Trivia / Food & Drugs - "In Alberty
Food Products Company vs. US, the US Court of Appeals held that the directions
for use on a drug label must include the purpose for which the drug is offered.
Therefore, a worthless remedy cannot escape the FDC Act by not stating the
condition that the drug is supposed to treat."

1950 - Worlds in Conflict- "In 1950
Velikovsky [Immanuel Velikovsky] published 'Worlds in Conflict,' in which
he claimed that a comet collided twice with the earth in approximately 1500
B.C., causing cataclysmic upheavals. As evidence for his theory, Velikovsky
appealed to events from mythology and the history of ancient civilizations.
Velikovsky's book was a popular success, despite the hostile criticism from
most scientists, who questioned its scientific accuracy. Macmillan was
Velikovsky's publisher, but two months after publication the book's rights
were transferred to Doubleday. Macmillan feared that its textbook business
would suffer from a boycott threatened by the sizeable number of scientists
who rejected Velikovsky's methodology. Velikovsky was born in Vitebsk, Russia
and was educated at the universities in Edinburgh, Kharkov, and Moscow. He
practiced medicine in Palestine and then studied psychology in Zürich
and Vienna. His studies of the legends of the ancient Jews and other
eastern Mediterranean peoples led him to conclude that some tales described
actual occurrences and were not mere myths or allegories. Later in the United
States he expanded the geographic scope the ancient documents he studied,
and he hypothesized that in historical times an electromagnetic derangement
of the solar system caused Venus and Mars to approach the Earth closely,
disturbing its rotation, axis inclination, and magnetic field. According
to Velikovsky these events and others caused many of the 'miraculous' events
described in the Bible and in other ancient writings and myths. Succeeding
publications by Velikovsky included: 'Ages in Chaos' (1952), in which he
revised the chronology of the pre-Christian Middle East; 'Earth in Upheaval'
(1955), in which he set forth geologic and paleontological evidence for the
catastrophes that he believes have overwhelmed the Earth; 'Oedipus and Akhnaton'
(1960), in which he links Egyptian history with Greek mythology; and 'Peoples
of the Sea' (1977), in which he identifies Ramses III with Nectanebo, pharaohs
previously dated to have lived 800 years apart. In spite of the scientifically
suspect nature of Velikovsky's investigations, it should be noted that some
of his astronomical hypotheses, such as the emission of radio waves from
Jupiter and the relatively hot temperature for Venus, have been experimentally
verified. The questions raised in the scientific community about Velikovsky's
theories have been addressed in a number of publications: 'Velikovsky and
Establishment Science' (1977); 'Scientists Confront Scientists Who Confront
Velikovsky' (1978); 'Velikovsky Reconsidered' (1976); and 'The Age of Velikovsky'
(1977)." [Honorary Subscriber: Immanuel Velikovsky] - [Paragraph indents
untranscribed to save space. - D.R.D.]

1950 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1950 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 1,526."
[E.M.]

1951

1951 - Arctic
Warming? - "The Arctic was cooling for 1,900 years because of a natural
change in Earth's orbit until greenhouse gas accumulation from the use of
fossil fuels reversed the trend in recent decades, according to a study published
Thursday [09/03/09] in Science magazine. [....] The warmth of the Arctic
during the second half of the 20th century, is striking against the backdrop
of the previous 1,900 years ... The second half of the 20th century was warmer
in the Arctic than any other half-century of the last 2,000 years.' [....]
One of the most important findings from the study was that its findings matched
the output of the National Center for Atmospheric Research's climate-system
computer model, Kaufman [Darrell Kaufman, a professor of geology and
environmental science at Northern Arizona State University and the lead author
of the study] said." [Based on: McCLATCHY NEWSPAPERS article
(Greenhouse gases quickly reversed Arctic cooling trend, scientists find.),
p. A17, S.L.P.D., 09/04/09]

1951 - Mohammed Mossadegh / Iran - "The British
occupied Iran after WW II to prevent Iran, more specifically Iranian oil,
from falling into the hands of Nazi Germany and to protect an oil supply
route to the Soviet Union, a British ally during the war. During the war,
the U.S. and Britain felt that the Shah had become unmanageable and led another
'regime change' to replace him with his son, Muhammed Shah Pahlavi. Through
their new proxy, Washington and London controlled Irans oil production.
In 1951, the Iranian parliament voted to nationalize the Anglo-Iranian oil
company and elected nationalist and pro-Soviet Mossadegh as Prime Minister
who then deposed the Shah. London and Washington launched 'Operation Ajax',
the code name for the 'regime change' effort that toppled Mossadeqh and
'restored' the Shah. Eisenhower labeled Mossadegh a 'communist' and justified
the regime change as necessary to prevent Iran from falling into the Soviet
camp." [Links
1]

1951 - Prescott Bush / Union Banking Co. - "Prescott
Bush received $750,000 for his share of Union Banking Corporation, a princely
sum in 1951, but nothing compared to the millions the Thyssen family got
back. Prescott used some of this Nazi cash to bankroll his son George Herbert
Walker Bushs first business enterprise and to support his successful
bid for Senate in 1952. The Thyssens rebuilt their empire, and today,
the Thyssen Group [TBG] is the largest industrial conglomerate in Germany."
[D. A. Friedrichs] [Link:
1]

1951 - "Theta-MEST Theory" / L. Ron Hubbard -
January 1951: "L. Ron Hubbard introduces the "Theta-MEST Theory" stating
that thought (Theta) is separate from the physical universe (Matter, Energy,
Space and TimeMEST): that Theta can operate in and with MEST, that
Theta can consider itself integrated with MEST, and that Theta can consider
itself to be MEST, but that creative thought and perception reside in Theta,
not MEST."

1951 - Birth / Kurt Russell - March 17th, 1951: "Kurt Vogel Russell ... is
an American television and film actor. [...] Russell was born in Springfield,
Massachusetts, the son of Louise Julia (née Crone), a dancer;
and Neil Oliver 'Bing' Russell, a character actor, best known for playing
Deputy Clem Foster on Bonanza. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Russell]

1951 - Guilty of Espionage / Rosenbergs - March 29th, 1951: "Julius
Rosenberg, his wife, Ethel, and Morton Sobell found guilty March 29 of conspiracy
to commit wartime espionage. Rosenbergs received death penalty. Sobell sentenced
to 30 years; released 1969." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 549]

1951 - U.S.Loki Rockets - June 22nd,
1951: "The Jet Propulsion Laboratory of California launched the first of
a series of 3,544 Loki rockets, on June 22. The program ended 4 years
later, after having fired the most rounds in ten years at White Sands." [Link:
1]

1951 - Color TV Telecast / U.S.A. - Entertainment
highlights during the week of June 22-28, 1951: "The first commercial color
telecast took place as CBS transmitted a one-hour special from New York to
four other cities." [Based on: Article (THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT
WAS), p. E2, S.L.P.D., 06/24/08]

1951 - Science of Survival / L. Ron Hubbard
- June 25th 1951: "L. Ron Hubbard exposes 'a carefully guarded secret
of certain military and intelligence organizations.' In a new book, Science
of Survival, Hubbard says: 'It required Dianetic processing to uncover
pain-drug-hypnosis. Otherwise, pain-drug-hypnosis was out of sight, unsuspected,
and unknown.' Hubbard denounces its use as a 'vicious war weapon' that may
be 'of considerably more use in conquering a society than the atom bomb.'
[NOTE: It's not until decades later that CIA's pain-drug-hypnosis
experimentation during this period begins to be investigated and reported
by Congress. By that time, CIA's Richard Helms, Sidney Gottlieb, and others
will have destroyed many of CIA's records of such activities. See January
1973.]"

1951 - Construction / U.S. Nuclear Submarine -
July 1951: "In July 1951, Congress authorized construction of the world's
first nuclear-powered submarine. Four years later, on the morning of July
17, 1955, the Nautilus's first commanding officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson,
ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message,
'Underway on nuclear power' - and the age of the nuclear Navy had
begun."[Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac,
p. 19]

1951 - Flooding / Manchuria - "Flood date(s):
August 1951. Number of recorded deaths: 1,800."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 207]

1951 - Suspension / U.S. Tariff Concessions - August 1st, 1951: "Tariff
concessions by the U.S. to the Soviet Union, China, and all Communist-dominated
lands were suspended Aug. 1." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 549]

1951 - U.S. Viking 7 Rocket - "On August 7,
a Navy Viking 7 rocket set the new altitude record for single stage rockets
by reaching 136 miles and a speed of 4,100 mph."
[Link:
1]

Sidney Gottlieb (August 3, 1918  March 7, 1999)
was an American chemist probably best-known for his involvement with the
Central Intelligence Agency mind control program (MKULTRA).

Sidney was born in the Bronx under the name Joseph
Schneider. He received a Ph.D. in chemistry from the California Institute
of Technology. Despite the fact that he was a stutterer since childhood,
Sidney got a master's degree in speech therapy. He also had a club foot,
but this did not stop him from practicing folk dancing, a lifelong
passion.

In 1951, Sidney Gottlieb joined the Central Intelligence
Agency. As a poison expert, he headed the chemical division of the Technical
Services Staff (TSS). Sidney became known as the "Black Sorcerer" and the
"Dirty Trickster". He supervised preparations of lethal poisons and experiments
in mind control.

[....]

In 1972 while still the head of the Technical Services
Staff, shortly before retirement, Sidney Gottlieb allegedly destroyed most
of the CIA files pertaining to him.

Sidney Gottlieb's passing on March 10, 1999 came at
a convenient time for the CIA, as several new trials involving victims of
its experiments were commencing.

[Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Gottlieb]

1951 - Project BLUEBIRD -

BLUEBIRD is the cryptonym for a CIA mind control program,
lasting from 1951 to 1953. During this time the CIA authorized experiments
to be conducted by licensed psychiatrists. The experiments had various purposes,
including but not limited to: creating new identities, inducing amnesia,
inserting hypnotic access codes in subjects' minds, creating multiple
personalities, and creating false memories. The research also included placing
brain electrodes in people and controlling their behavior from remote
transmitters, administering daily dosages of LSD to children for extended
periods of time, and using electroconvulsive therapy to erase memories.

[Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_BLUEBIRD]

1951 - Project ARTICHOKE -

"Project ARTICHOKE was a CIA project that researched
interrogation methods and arose from project BLUEBIRD in 1951 August 20.
The project studied hypnosis, forced opiate addiction (and subsequent forced
withdrawal), and the use of other chemicals, among other methods, to produce
amnesia and other vulnerable states in subjects. Magician John Mullholland
consulted for the project. A memorandum by Richard Helms to director Allen
Welsh Dulles indicated it became project MKULTRA in 1953 April 20. It was
an offensive programme of mind control that gathered together the intelligence
divisions of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and FBI. In addition, the scope of
the project was outlined in a memo dated January 1952 that stated, "Can
we get control of an individual to the point where he will do our bidding
against his will and even against fundamental laws of nature, such as self
preservation?"

1951 - Signed / Japanese Peace Treaty - September
8th, 1951: "Japanese peace treaty signed in San Francisco Sept. 8 by U.S.,
Japan, and 47 other nations." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts,
2005, p. 549]

1951 - Birth / Pam Dawber - October 18th, 1951: "Pam Dawber (born October
18, 1951) is an American actress best known for her lead television sitcom
roles as Mindy McConnell in Mork & Mindy (1978  1982) and
Samantha Russell in My Sister Sam (1986  1988). [...] Dawber
was born in Detroit, Michigan, the daughter of Thelma M. (née Fisher)
and Eugene E. Dawber, a commercial artist.[1] [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Dawber]

1951 - Conclusion / German V-2 Rockets - October
29th, 1951: "The launch of the 26th V-2, on October 29, concluded the
use of the German rockets in upper atmosphere testing."
[Link:
1]

1951 - Operation Buster-Jangle / Nevada - November
1st, 1951: "Battlefield effects of blast and fallout are studied during Operation
Buster-Jangle in Nevada, where soldiers are exposed to a 21-kiloton test
six miles away." [Based on: N.G.M., August 2005, p. 103]

1950s - Nuclear Fallout / U.S.A. - "A
panel of experts is recommending [April 2005] the government open the door
to hearing cancer claims from people in all states who think they were affected
by nuclear fallout from 1950s weapons tests in Nevada. [....] The data suggest
people from as far away as the East Coast could have been exposed to radiation
carried from the test sites by wind and weather patterns. Previuously, only
people who worked with uranium and residents of certain countries in the
region were eligible for the $50,000 to $100,000 lump-sum payments. Currently,
anyone who has one of 19 kinds of cancer and who was a child in the 1950s
living in one of the designated areas downwind of the Nevada test site is
eligible for money. But if the program were expanded as the Board on Radiation
Effects Research suggests, victims would have to prove to at least some degree
their cancer was caused by radioactive fallout. [....]" [Based on: A.P. article,
p. A3, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 04/29/05]

1950s - Trivia / Rioactive Waste, Columbia River,
U.S.A. - "[....] According to the EPA (The New York Times, March 28,
1991), the engineers who built the nuclear weapons in the 1950's dumped over
127 million gallons of highly radioactive waste containing Iodine-129, into
the ground just a few miles from the Columbia River, the 4th largest river
system in the U.S., which flows into the Pacific Ocean. [....]"

1951 - Trivia / Perscription Drugs - "The
Durham-Humphrey amendment specifically required that drugs that cannot be
used safely without medical supervision be dispensed only by prescription
of a licensed practitioner and prohibited refills of prescriptions without
the express consent of the prescriber. The amendment also gave guidance to
the pharmicist as to what minimal information must be included on the
prescription label."

1951 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1951 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 1,800."
[E.M.]

1952

1952 - Time Experiments? - In 1952, head of
the Soviet secret police organization Lavrenty Beria initiated a case against
researchers participating in the experiments, as a result of which 18 professors
were executed by shooting and 59 candidates and doctors of physical sciences
were sent to camps. The Institute recommenced its activity under Khruschev.
But an experimental stand with eight leading researchers disappeared in 1961,
and buildings close to the one where experiments were conducted were ruined.
After that, the Communist Party political bureau and the Council of Ministers
decided to suspend researchers of the Institute for an uncertain period.
[Olga Zharina, 03/01/2004, Pravada]

1952 - Paul Twitchell / Scientology? -
"[....] Therefore, when Scientology started, in 1952, Paul was already proficient
at out-of-body projection and was trying to help others learn these techniques.
This is completely contrary to David's [David Lane's] story. David's perspective
started from the assumption that Paul's teaching was merely a rip-off of
Sant Mat, which Paul did not run across until 1955, along with a splattering
of what Paul learned from Swami Premananda in the early 50's. [....]" [Based
on: Dialogue in the Age of Criticism, Chap. 11]

*Trivia: "[....] He [Paul Twitchell] said he
was 23,000 years old. And he was a Thetan. And he said that he had come from
outside of our solar system, but in the physical universe. [....]"

[Based on:
http://www.littleknownpubs.com/Dialog_Ch._One.htm]

1952 - Catholic Dogma Revision / Pope Pius XII
- "In 1654, more than a century before the Universal History [1779]
was published, the Vatican Council had decreed that anyone daring to contradict
the 4004 B.C. date [of Creation] was a heretic - an attitude that was not
relaxed until Pope Pius XII addressed the 1952 papal Academy of Sciences
in Rome. In this address, he announced that theologians must not ignore the
discoveries of geological science, and that it was clear that the Earth
had existed for thousands of millions of years."

1952 - Catholic Editors / Dead Sea Scrolls -
"One result of the U.N. partition [1947] was that when the team of eight
scroll editors was formed in 1952, most of them were Catholic. By order of
the Jordanian government, into whose territory the scrolls fell, none of
the team could be Jewish. That would change, however, during the 1967 Six
Day War when Israeli solders captured the Palestine Archaeological Museum
in East Jerusalem, where the scrolls were housed. It was renamed the Rockefeller
Museum, and Jewish scholars were added to the team."

1952 - Birth / Bob Costas - March 22nd, 1952: "Robert Quinlan 'Bob' Costas
is an American sportscaster, on the air for NBC Sports television since the
early 1980s. He has been prime-time host of a record 9 Olympic games. [...]
He was born in the Queens borough of New York, New York, as a son of Jayne
Quinlan, of Irish descent, and John George Costas, an electrical engineer
of Greek descent. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Costas]

1952 - Government Seizure / U.S. Steel Mills- April 8th, 1952: "Seizure of nation's steel mills was ordered by
Pres. Truman Apr. 8 to avert a strike. Ruled illegal by Supreme Court June
2." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 549]

*Trivia: "[....] Wilson [U.S. President Woodrow Wilson], Congress
and the courts supported the Sedition Act of 1918, similar in spirit to the
discredited Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798. The 1918 law made it illegal
to 'utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or
abusive language about' the government, the Constitution, the American flag
or 'the uniform of the Army or Navy of the United States.' The law was repealed
three years later. President Harry Truman suffered a rare wartime rebuke
in 1952, when the Supreme Court blocked the plans for a federal takeover
of the steel industry in the Korean War. Truman wanted to avert a strike
that he feared would disrupt war supplies. But the court concluded that he
needed congressional approval. [....]" [Based on: Knight Ridder
Newspapers article (Presidential powers test is long-standing battle),
p. A3, S.L.P.D., 12/22/05]

1952 -Project Blue
Book- "From
June 1947 through December 1969 the Air Force was primarily responsible for
investigating unidentified flying object [UFO] phenomena. Investigations
were conducted by the Air Technical Intelligence Center [ATIC] at
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio until December 17, 1969. All records of these
investigations [known as Project Sign, 1947-1949, Project Grudge, 1949-1952,
and Project Blue Book, 1952-1969] were retired to the National Archives and
Records Administration and are available to the public on archives microfilm
publication T1206 [94 rolls of 35 mm film]." [Link:
1, 2]

1952 - Creation / NSA, U.S.A. - June
1952: "[....] The creation of the NSA was authorized in a letter written
by President Harry S. Truman in June of 1952. The agency was formally established
through a revision of National Security Council Intelligence Directive (NSCID)
9 on October 24, 1952, and officially came into existence on November 4,
1952. President Truman's letter was itself classified and remained unknown
to the public for more than a generation." [Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency]

1952 - Unearthed / Tomb of Pacal Votan - June
15th, 1952: "Pacals final resting place was in a tomb below the Temple
of Inscriptions. Archeologists encountered this tomb after they discovered
a secret stairway that let down into the heart of the pyramid. The tomb was
unearthed in 1952 AD after three years of work removing boulders that had
been used to block the entrance of the stairway. Within the tomb, archeologists
encountered a 30 ft by 13 ft wide stone slab which appeared to be an alter
resting on the floor. This stone turned out to be the sarcophagus lid of
Pacal Votan. The sarcophagus lid depicts a very interesting image. In the
center of this image is the figure of Pacal Votan. Extending from Pacals
umbilicus is a representation of the Sacred Tree, also known as the Tree
of Life. Resting at the top of this tree is a quetzal bird which symbolizes
the spirit world as well as the origin of the Universe."

1952 - Summer Olympic Games / Helsinki, Finland
- "In 1952, the Summer Olympic Games were held in Helsinki, Finland.
The Soviet Union joined the Olympics for the first time. In 1952, the Winter
Olympic Games were held in Oslo, Norway."

1952 - Birth / Roseanne Barr - November 3rd, 1952: "Roseanne Cherrie Barr
(born November 3, 1952) is an American actress, comedienne, writer, television
producer, director and 2012 presidential nominee of the California-based
Peace and Freedom Party. [...] Barr was born in Salt Lake City to a working-class
Jewish family. She is the oldest of four children born to Helen (née
Davis), a bookkeeper and cashier, and Jerome Hershel 'Jerry' Barr, who[5]
worked as a salesman.[6] Barr's grandparents and great-grandparents were
immigrants from Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania and Austria-Hungary, and her paternal
grandfather changed his surname from 'Borisofsky' to 'Barr' upon entering
the United States.[5][6] [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseanne_Barr]

1952 - National Security Agency / U.S.A. - November
4th, 1952:

The National Security Agency/Central Security Service
(NSA/CSS) is United States's cryptologic organization. Officially established
on November 4, 1952, it is believed to be the largest U.S. government
intelligence gathering agency. Responsible for the collection and analysis
of foreign communications, it coordinates, directs, and performs highly
specialized activities to produce foreign signals intelligence information;
which involves a significant amount of cryptanalysis. It's also responsible
for protecting U.S. government communications from similar agencies elsewhere,
which involves a significant amount of cryptography.

A component of the Department of Defense, the NSA has
always been directed by a three-star flag or general officer. NSA is a key
component of the United States Intelligence Community headed by the Director
of National Intelligence. [....]

Its eavesdropping mission includes radio broadcasting,
both from various organizations and individuals, the Internet, telephone
calls, and other intercepted forms of communication. Its secure communications
mission includes military, diplomatic, and all other sensitive, confidential
or secret government communications. Despite having been described as the
world's largest single employer of mathematicians [2], and the owner of the
single largest group of supercomputers, it tried to keep a low profile. For
many years its existence was not even acknowledged by the U.S. government.
It was often said, half-jokingly, that "NSA" stood for "No Such Agency",
and also, as "Never Say Anything", primarily for its employees. [....]

The creation of the NSA was authorized in a letter
written by President Harry S. Truman in June of 1952. The agency was formally
established through a revision of National Security Council Intelligence
Directive (NSCID) 9 on October 24, 1952, and officially came into existence
on November 4, 1952. President Truman's letter was itself classified and
remained unknown to the public for more than a generation.

1952 - "The Nine
principles" - December 1952: [....] In December
1952, Puharich brought into his laboratory an Indian mystic named Dr. D G
Vinod, who began to channel The Nine or 'the Nine Principles'. In the months
before Vinod returned to India, a group met regularly to hear The Nine's
channeled wisdom. Never known for their modesty, The Nine proclaimed themselves
to be God, stating "God is nobody else than we together, the Nine Principles
of God."

1952 - "Operating Thetan" / L. Ron Hubbard
- December 1952: "L. Ron Hubbard delivers a series of over 50 lectures in
Philadelphia on processes for attaining a state he calls 'Operating Thetan'
(OT), described as a being stably exterior from the body and able to perceive,
communicate, and operate in the physical universe without reliance on the
sense channels or mechanics of a body. [21] [....]"

1953 - Academy Awards Trivia - Entertainment
highlights during the week of March 18th-24, 1953: The Academy Awards ceremony
was televised for the first time. "The Greatest Show On Earth" was named
best picture. [Based on: A.P. article (THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT
WAS), p. D5, S.L.P.D., 04/28/07]

1953 - MKULTRA - April 15th, 1953: "Headed by
Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, MKULTRA was started on the order of CIA director Allen
Dulles in April 13, 1953, largely in response to alleged Soviet, Chinese,
and North Korean uses of mind-control techniques on U.S. prisoners of war
in Korea. The CIA wanted to use similar methods on their own captives. The
CIA was also interested in being able to manipulate foreign leaders with
such techniques, and would later invent several schemes to drug Fidel Castro.
In 1964, the project was renamed to MKSEARCH. The project attempted to produce
a perfect truth drug for use in interrogating suspected Soviet spies during
the Cold War, and generally to explore any other possibilities of mind control.
Because most of the MKULTRA records were deliberately destroyed in 1972 by
order of the Director at that time, Richard Helms, it is impossible to have
a complete understanding of the more than 150 individually funded research
projects sponsored by MKULTRA and the related CIA programs. [....] Experiments
were often conducted without the subjects' knowledge or consent. [....] A
secretive arrangement granted a percentage of the CIA budget. The MKULTRA
director was granted 6% of the CIA operating budget in 1953, without oversight
or accounting."

[Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MKULTRA#Origins]

1953 - MKDELTA -

MKDELTA, like its successor MKNAOMI, was a mind control
operation run by the Central Intelligence Agency. It involved the use of
biochemicals in clandestine operations.

According to the Church Committee report (Book I, Chapter
XVII):

A special procedure, designated MKDELTA, was established
to govern the use of MKULTRA materials abroad. Such materials were used on
a number of occasions. Because MKULTRA records were destroyed, it is impossible
to reconstruct the operational use of MKULTRA materials by the CIA overseas;
it has been determined that the use of these materials abroad began in 1953,
and possibly as early as 1950.

Drugs were used primarily as an aid to interrogations,
but MKULTRA/MKDELTA materials were also used for harassment, discrediting,
or disabling purposes

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKDELTA]

1950s - MKNAOMI -

MKNAOMI was the code name for a joint Department of
Defense / CIA research program lasting from the 1950s through the 1970s.
Unclassified information about the MKNAOMI program and the related Special
Operations Division is scarce. It is generally reported to be a successor
to the MKDELTA project and to have focused on biological projects including
biological warfare agents - specifically, to store materials that could either
incapacitate or kill a test subject and to develop devices for the diffusion
of such materials. [....] In 1970, Project MKNAOMI was dissolved and on November
25, 1969, President Richard Nixon abolished any military practice involving
biological weapons. On February 14, 1970, a presidential order was given
to outlaw all stockpiles of bacteriological weapons and non-living toxins.
[....]"

1953 - U.S. Aid / Indochina War - May
8th, 1953: "Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower announced May 8 that U.S. had given
France $60 mil for Indochina War. More aid was announced in Sept." [Based
on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 549]

1953 - Operation AJAX / Iran - June, 1953:
"By the summer of 1953, the British and American governments initiated a
joint Anglo-American plan for the covert overthrow of Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh,
the Prime Minister of Iran. The plan called Operation AJAX with Kermit Roosevelt,
the CIA Mideast Agent in charge [a grandson of Theodore Roosevelt and a distant
cousin of Franklin Delano Roosevelt]. 'So this is how we will get rid of
the madman Mossadeq in Iran' announced John Foster Dulles to a group of top
Washington policy makers in June 1953. The U.S. Secretary of State held in
his hand a plan of operation to overthrow the Prime Minister of Iran. There
was scarcely any discussions amongst the high powered men in the room, no
probing questions and no legal or ethical issues raised."

1953 - Underground Missile Launch / White Sands
- June 5th, 1953: "A missile was fired from an underground launch facility
in White Sands on June 5. The facility was constructed by the Army Corps
of Engineers." [Link:
1]

1953 - Birth / Cindy Lauper - June 22nd, 1953: "Cynthia Ann Stephanie Lauper
(born June 22, 1953 in Queens, New York) is an American singer, songwriter
and actress. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Lauper]

1953 - First Recording / Elvis Presley -
Entertainment highlights during the week of July 13-19, 1953: Elvis Presley
recorded "My Happiness" as a gift for his mother. It was his first recording.
[Based on: A.P. article (THE WEEK THAT WAS), p. E2, S.L.P.D.,
07/15/08]

1953 - Revolution Born / Cuba - July 26th, 2006:
"It was the summer of 1953, and dozens of young men and women huddled before
dawn in a red-and-white farmhouse listening to a young Fidel Castro detail
their impossible mission. The Cuban revolution was born that July 26 when
the group attacked the Moncada military barracks in the eastern city of Santiago.
Though the assault failed and many militants died, Castro went on to oust
his nemisis, dictator Fulgencio Batista. [....]"

1953 - Exiled / Shah of Iran - August 16th,
1953: "The decision was made in June 1953 to replace Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh
with General Fazlollah Zahedi; one of those arrested in February 1953 on
charges of plotting to overthrow the nationalist government. Kermit Roosevelt,
the CIA Mideast Agent, traveled secretly to Iran to coordinate the Operation
AJAX with the Shah and the Iranian military, which was led by General Fazlollah
Zahedi.
"In accordance with the plan, on August 16, 1953, the Shah violated
the Iran's Monarchy Constitution and dismissed Dr. Mossadegh and his nationalist
cabinet without the parliament's approval and appointed General Fazlollah
Zahedi as the new Prime Minister. The chief of the Royal Guards, Colonel
Nematollah Nassiri, served Dr. Mossadegh with a formal dismissal notice.
In addition, he was ordered to occupy Dr. Mossadegh's house by the Royal
troops and hold him in his house until further instructions, but the Prime
Minister's guards forced them to quit.
"The coup d'état was publicized and caused major
disappointment and dissatisfaction amongst the people throughout the country.
In a matter of hours, massive rioting erupted in Iran in wide support of
Dr. Mossadegh; and the Shah fled to Italy. The people's protest and demonstration
continued for two days and led to pull down the statues of the Shah and his
father all over the country."

1953 - Restored / Shah of Iran - August 19th,
1953: "On August 19th, 1953, the British Intelligence Service [MI6] and the
United States Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], engineered to perform the
next phase of their plan against the Iranian national government of Dr.
Mossadegh. On that tragic day, a group of tanks led by General Fazlollah
Zahedi moved through Tehran and surrounded Dr. Mossadegh's residence. The
forces behind the coup d'état also managed to pull a large number
of bribed hooligans into the streets to rally against Dr. Mossadegh. Finally
the army and police forces let the mob reach the Prime Minister's residence
and after hours of bombarding and fighting a bloody battle with the small
group of Dr. Mossadegh's loyal guards, they entered the house and after
plundering it, they burned it down. In a matter of hours Dr. Mossadegh and
his top cabinet leaders surrendered themselves to the coup d'état
Prime Minister, General Fazlollah Zahedi, and the Shah flew back to Iran,
as a U.S. puppet.
"On August 19th, 1953 [28th day of Mordad 1332, Persian calendar];
the Shah's dictatorship restored. 'I owe my throne to the God, my people,
my army and to you', the Shah reportedly told the CIA Mideast Agent, Kermit
Roosevelt."
"Dr. Mossadegh remains a figure of tremendous stature in the
history of modern Iran. As an individual he had a reputation for honesty,
integrity, and sincerity. He strongly opposed British and, later, American
influence in Iran. He was an eloquent, impassioned orator, and his speeches
are still widely read in Iran.
"During Dr. Mossadegh's trial in the Shah's military court,
he publicized the secrets of two military coup d'état attempts against
his government. He was sentenced to three years imprisonment; thereafter
he was transferred to his country house in Ahmad-Abad at the age of 74 and
lived there under house arrest until his death. On March 4, 1967, Dr. Mossadegh
died of cancer at the age of 84. His body was buried in one of the rooms
of his residence. He was survived by 2 sons and 3 daughters.
"The Iranian people never forgave the Shah for the 1953 illegitimate
and bloody coup d'état against the Iranian national hero, Dr. Mohammad
Mossadegh and his nationalist cabinet. The Iranian people deeply suffered
under the Shah's dictatorship, corruption, phony elections, heavy censorship
on the public media, torture and execution of thousands of dissenters until
the 1979 Revolution." [Links:
1]

1953 - U.S. Redstone Missle - August 20th, 1953:
"The first launch of the Army's Redstone missile, on August 20th, was conducted
at Cape Kennedy by Redstone Arsenal Personnel."
[Link:
1]

1953 - Birth / Kim Basinger - December 8th, 1953: "Kimila Ann 'Kim' Basinger
... is an American actress, singer, and former fashion model. [...] Basinger
was born in Athens, Georgia on 8 December 1953.[1] [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Basinger]

1953 - Russian Agriculture - "Despite the terrible
blow to agriculture by Stalin's forced collectivisation in the early 1930s,
from which agriculture never fully recovered, progress was made, allowing
Russia to feed her population adequately. Such economic advance, in so short
a time, has no parallel anywhere in the world. The amount of cultivated land
was increased in just three years, between 1953 and 1956, by a staggering
35.9 million hectares, an area equivalent to the total cultivated land of
Canada." [Link:
1]

1953 - Nikita Kruschev / USSR - "Stalin was
so powerful in the USSR that no one would dare oppose him when he was alive.
After his death [1953], though, many in the USSR talked of returning to Lenin's
original ideals and introducing more freedom to the people of the country.
A man who was very influential in the Politburo was able to take power after
Stalin died. He promised reforms to the Communists, but quickly went back
on these promises and began to create the most powerful military the world
had ever known. His name was Nikita Kruschev."

1953 - GULAG Population
/ USSR - "After Stalin died in 1953, the
GULAG population was reduced significantly, and conditions for inmates
somewhat improved. Forced labor camps continued to exist, although on a small
scale, into the Gorbachev period, and the government even opened some camps
to scrutiny by journalists and human rights activists. With the advance of
democratization, political prisoners and prisoners of conscience all but
disappeared from the camps. [NOTE: The communists had their concentration
camps in service since 1919 all the way up to and including the Gorbachev
period.]" [Link:
1]

1953 - Debut / Playboy Magazine - " 'Playboy'
Magazine Debuts."

1953 - DHEW - "The Federal Security Agency became
the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare [DHEW]. The Factory Inspection
Amendment clarified previous law and required the FDA to give manufacturers
written reports on inspections and analyses of factory samples."

1953 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1953 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 3,200."
[E.M.]

1954

1954 - Aberree - "The Aberree was a 'zine, or
newletter, published from 1954 through 1965. The editor, Alphia Hart, and
the publisher, Agnes Hart, put out ten issues a year. [....]"

*Link: http://www.aberree.com/ - [T.D. -
05/16/10]

1954 - "Mars Patrol" - "In 1954, when Mars made
one of its close approaches to Earth, the National Geographic Society and
Lowell Observatory, arranged for the first worldwide 'Mars Patrol.' This
effort, directed by Dr. Earl Slipher of the lowell Observatory, attempted
to gather better information and photographs of features on the surface of
Mars. The results once again seemed to show what appeared to be major canal
lines across the surface of Mars, as well as evidence of vegetation that
seemed to grow and then die back in connection to the Martian seasons. News
of the photographs was leaked to astronomy journals such as Sky and
Telescope, but the long-awaited public announcement of the 'Mars Patrols'
results never came." [Tim Swartz, The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla,
p. 39]

1954 - Avatar Meher Baba - "[....] In 1954,
when Baba was sixty years old, he said to others that he was the Avatar.
In the ancient language of Sanskrit, the word "Avatar" means one who has
come down from God. Baba said that the Avatar is born on Earth every 700-1400
years, and comes to help others find God. Meher Baba said that in the past
the Avatar had been on Earth as Zoroaster, Rama, Krishna, Buddha, Jesus,
and Muhammad. [NP] Meher Baba's most famous quote is "Don't Worry, Be Happy,"
partly because it appeared in a popular song by Bobby McFerrin. Others know
of him because of the song "Baba O'Reilly" written by Pete Townshend who
is a follower of his and named the song partly after Baba. [NP] He wrote
two important books. In Discourses, Meher Baba wrote about how to
live a good life, how to meditate, and how to love God. In God Speaks,
Meher Baba wrote about how the soul seeks God over many lifetimes. He said,
"Real happiness lies in making others happy." He showed his followers that
the best path is to love God at all times by loving your fellow man. [NP]
He also said he had not come to start a new religion -- that it was better
to truly follow one's own religion. Because of this, he has followers who
are Zoroastrians, Christians, Jews, Hindus, Muslims, Sufis, Buddhists, and
Sikhs. There are also atheists and agnostics who do not necessarily believe
in God, but who are attracted purely to his simple philosophy of leading
an honest and loving life. [....] [Based on:
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meher_Baba] - [T.D. - 04/24/10]

1954 - First Church of Scientology - 1954: "[....]
Given the inherently religious nature of Mr. Hubbards work through
these years, it was only natural that those surrounding him would come to
see themselves not only as students of a new philosophy but also as students
of a new religion. And so, in 1954, Scientologists in Los Angeles established
the first Church of Scientology. L. Ron Hubbard founded the subject 
early Scientologists began the Church. [....]" [Based on:
http://lron.hubbard.org/pg010.html] - [T.D. - 09/13/08]

1954 - Vietminh Offensive / Dien Bien Phu -
"In 1954, a force of 40,000 heavily armed Vietminh lay seige to the French
garrison at Dienbienphu. Using Chinese artillery to shell the airstrip, the
Vietminh make it impossible for French supplies to arrive by air. It soon
becomes clear that the French have met their match."

1954 - "Under God" Added / U.S. Pledge of Allegience
- "A campaign by the Knights of Columbus, a Roman Catholic
organization, and other religious leaders said the pledge of allegiance needed
to be distinguished from similar orations that were used by 'godless communists.'
The prospect of atomic war between world superpowers reportedly moved President
Dwight Eisenhower [to direct congress] to add the words 'Under God' to the
pledge in 1954. The original pledge of allegiance, minus the reference to
God, was adopted in 1942. The phrase, 'Under God', would later [in October,
2003] come under Supreme Court review."

*Trivia: "The director of religious outreach
for the Democratic Party [Rev. Brenda Bartella Peterson] says she resigned
this week [August 2004] because of criticism over her support for removing
the words 'under God' from the Pledge of Allegiance. [....] The Catholic
League, a conservative anti-defamation group based in New York, critisized
the political views of Peterson, an ordained minister in the Christian Church
(Disciples of Christ), in three statements issued over the first three days
of the week. On Wednesday [08/04/04], Peterson resigned and cited 'recent
negative publicity' from the amicus brief in the pledge case that she and
31 other clergy members signed. [....] The 350,000-member Catholic League
called Peterson a 'left-wing activist.' It also critisized her for her role
in the Clergy Leadership Network, a coalition of anti-Bush religious liberals
for which she served as executive director." [Based on: A.P., 08/07/04]

1954 - Religious Views? / Albert Einstein -
January 1954: "A letter in which Albert Einstein dismissed the idea of God
as the product of human weakness and the Bible as 'pretty childish' has sold
at auction [05/15/08] for more than $400,000. [....] The letter was written
to philosopher Eric Gutkind in January 1954, a year before Einstein's death.
In it, Einstein said that 'the word of God is for me nothing more than the
expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable
but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish.' [....]"
[Based on:A.P. article (Einstein letter dismissing idea of God is
auctioned), p A8, S.L.P.D., 05/18/08]

1954 - Birth / John Travolta - February 18th, 1954: "John Joseph Travolta
... is an American actor, dancer, and singer. [...] Travolta, the youngest
of six children,[2] was born and raised in Englewood, New Jersey, an inner-ring
suburb of New York City. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Travolta]

1954 - Birth / Ron Howard - March 1st, 1954: "Ronald William 'Ron' Howard
... is an American film director, producer and former child actor. [...]
Howard was born in Duncan, Oklahoma, the son of Jean Speegle Howard, an actress,
and Rance Howard, a director, writer and actor. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Howard_%28director%29]

1954 - Birth / Catherine Bach - March 1st, 1954: "Catherine Bach ... is an
American actress. [...] Bach was born in Warren, Ohio,[1] the daughter of
Norma Kucera, an acupuncturist, and Bernard Bachman, a rancher. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Bach]

1954 - Birth / Nancy Wilson - March 16th, 1954: "Nancy Lamoureaux Wilson
... is an American guitarist, songwriter, composer, singer, actress and producer.
She and her older sister Ann have become the core of the Seattle/Vancouver
rock band Heart. [...] Nancy Wilson was born in San Francisco, California.
[....]"

1954 - Color Television - March 25th, 1954:
"Radio Corporation of America began manufacturing color television sets at
its Bloomington, Ind. plant. It built 5000 sets with 12-inch screens, known
as the model CT-100 color receiver. They sold for $1,000 each." [A.P., March,
2004]

*Trivia: "Delegates from nine nations convene
in Geneva to start negotiations that will lead to the end of hostilities
in Indochina. The idea of partitioning Vietnam is first explored at this
forum. Vietminh General Ta Quang Buu and French General Henri Delteil sign
the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam. As part of the
agreement, a provisional demarcation line is drawn at the 17th parallel which
will divide Vietnam until nationwide elections are held in 1956. The United
States does not accept the agreement, neither does the government of Bao
Dai."

1954 - Founded / "Bilderberg" - 1954: "[....]
Like Round Table and the Trilateral Commission, Bilderberg's purpose is to
coordinate American and European foreign policy. The annual Bilderberg meeting
of the top 120 European-American movers and shakers is the world's most secretive
and exclusive foreign policy making forum. There are no published minutes
and only recently have the meetings been mentioned in the mainstream press.
[....]" [Based on: http://www.policestateplanning.com/chapter_3_.htm]

1954 - The Way of the Saints - "Reportedly
first published in 1954, by Kirpal Singh."

1954 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1954 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 2,415."
[E.M.]

1955

1955 - Physics Trivia - "Einstein died at the
end of the next [measuring from 1930] quarter century, in 1955. By then we
had learned how to consistently combine quantum theory with the special theory
of relativity; this was the great accomplishment of the generation of Freeman
Dyson and Richard Feynman. We had discovered the neutron and the neutrino
and hundreds of other apparently elementary particles. We had also understood
that the myriad phenomena in nature are governed by just four forces:
electromagnetism, gravity, the strong nuclear force (which holds atomic nuclei
together), and the weak nuclear force (responsible for radioactive decay)."
[Based on: Lee Smolin, The Trouble with Physics, p. x (3rd paragraph
- Introduction), copyright 2006]

1955 - U.S. Oil Monopoly - "By 1955,
through proxy American regimes in Iran and Iraq, American corporations ended
up controlling over 50 percent of Middle East oil reserves, and provided
Europe with over 90 percent of its oil imports." [Links
1]

1955 - Nazi Scientists? / U.S.A. - "[....]
Military Intelligence "cleansed" the files of Nazi refrences. By 1955, more
than 760 German scientists had been granted citizenship in the U.S.
[Project (Operation) Paperclip] and given prominent positions
in the American scientific community. Many had been longtime members of the
Nazi party and the Gestapo, had conducted experiments on humans at concentration
camps, had used slave labor, and had comitted other war crimes. [....]President Truman, who had explicitly ordered no comitted
Nazis to be admitted under Project Paperclip, was evidently never aware that
his directive had been violated. State Department archives and the memoirs
of officials from that era confirm this. In fact, according to Clare Lasby's
book Operation Paperclip, project officials "covered their designs with such
secrecy that it bedeviled their own President; at Potsdam he denied their
activities and undoubtedly enhanced Russian suspicion and distrust," quite
possibly fueling the Cold War even further. [....]
Project Paperclip was stopped in 1957, when West Germany
protested to the U.S. that these efforts had stripped it of "scientific skills."
There was no comment about supporting Nazis. Paperclip may have ended in
1957, but as you can see from Licio Gelli and his international dealings
with the CIA in Italy/P2, and Heinrich Rupp with his involvement in October
Surprise, the ramifications of Paperclip are world-wide. The Nazis became
employed CIA agents, engaging in clandestine work with the likes of George
Bush, the CIA, Henry Kissenger, and the Masonic P2 lodge. This is but one
of the results of Operation Paperclip. Another umbrella project that was
spawned from Paperclip was MK-ULTRA. [....]

1955 - Investigation Trivia / The Philadelphia
Experiment - Carlos Miguel Allende, claimed in the 1950s to have
been a witness to a test at sea of a ship being made optically invisible
using strong electromagnetic force fields when he was a sailor onboard the
merchant marine vessel SS Furuseth in 1943. He also claimed that during another
test that went wrong, some of the men caught fire, went mad, and - the most
bizarre of all, some were embedded halfway into the deck of the ship. Others
phased in and out of this reality, only kept here by the laying on of hands.
Allende wrote a series of strange letters in 1955 to Morris K. Jessup, a
researcher who had written the book 'The Case For The UFO.' It was Allende's
fear that the same technology that was responsible for the disasters of the
Philadelphia Experiment was the secret behind the propulsion method used
successfully by UFOs. Jessup had called for research into such force fields
of UFOs without having any knowledge of the navy experiment, and this alarmed
Allende." [Link:
1]

1955 - Birth / Eddie Van Halen - January 26th, 1955: "Edward Lodewijk 'Eddie'
Van Halen ... is a Dutch-American guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter and
producer. He is best known as the lead guitarist and co-founder of the eponymous
hard rock band Van Halen. [...] Born ... in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Edward
Lodewijk van Halen is a son of clarinetist, saxophonist and pianist father
Jan van Halen and mother Eugenia. Eugenia van Halen was originally from Indonesia
which was a former Dutch colony; Eugenia was half Dutch and half Indonesian.
[... .]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Van_Halen]

1955 - Man From Mars? - February, 1955:
"In a pamphlet titled, The Truth About Mars, written in 1956, author
Ernest L. Norman claimed to have contacted the inhabitants of planet Mars.
In his booklet, Norman stated that he would spend an hour each evening in
meditation, and that due to his meditations he was contacted in February
of 1955 by a man from Mars. [....] The Martians explained to Norman that
more than 100,000 years ago Mars was much like Earth. There was air, water,
and an abundance of plant and animal life." [Based on: Tim Swartz, The
Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla, pp. 40-41]

1955 - U.S. Training / South Vietnamese Army
- February 12th, 1955: "U.S. agreed Feb. 12 to help train South Vietnamese
army." [Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005, p. 550]

1955 - Birth / Kelsey Grammer - February 21st, 1955: "Kelsey Grammer ...
is an American actor and comedian. Grammer is most widely known for his
two-decade portrayal of psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on the hit NBC sitcoms
Cheers, Wings, and Frasier. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelsey_Grammer]

1955 - Chiron in Aquarius - February 28th, 1955:
"On this date in history, the planet Chiron entered the sign of Aquarius."
[E.M.]

1955 - Birth / Gilbert Gottfried - February 28th, 1955: "Gilbert Gottfried
... is an American actor, voice actor and stand-up comedian best known for
his trademark comedic persona of speaking in a loud, grating tone of voice
and squinting. [...] At age fifteen, Gilbert Gottfried began doing amateur
stand-up in New York City and, after a few years, became known around New
York as 'the comedian's comedian.' [....]"

1955 - Birth / Bruce Willis - March 19th, 1955: "Walter Bruce Willis ...
is a German-born American actor, producer, and musician. His career began
in television in the 1980s and has continued both in television and film
since, including comedic, dramatic, and action roles. [...] Willis was born
in Idar-Oberstein, West Germany. [...] After being discharged from the military
in 1957, Willis's father took his family back to Carneys Point, New Jersey.
[....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Willis]

1955 - Birth / Reba McEntire - March 28th, 1955: "Reba Nell McEntire ...
is an American country music artist and actress. [...] Reba Nell McEntire
was born on March 28, 1955, in McAlester, Oklahoma ... ."

1955 - Remote Viewing Trivia - July, 1955: "Factions
of the U.S. government are making efforts to 'seize Scientology in the United
States.' "[Based on:http://www.sc-i-r-s-ology.pair.com/rvtimeline/index.html] - [T.D. -
09/09/08]

*Trivia: "Diem Rejects Conditions of Geneva
Accords, Refuses to Participate in Nationwide Elections. China and Soviet
Union Pledge Additional Financial Support to Hanoi. Britain, France, and
United States covertly urge Diem to respect Geneva accords and conduct
discussions with the North. Diem defeats Bao Dai in rigged election and proclaims
himself President [10/26/1955] of Republic of Vietnam."

1955 - "Underway" / Nuclear Navy, U.S.A. - July
15th, 1955: "In July 1951, Congress authorized construction of the world's
first nuclear-powered submarine. Four years later, on the morning of July
17, 1955, the Nautilus's first commanding officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson,
ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message,
'Underway on nuclear power' - and the age of the nuclear Navy had
begun."[Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac,
p. 19]

1955 - Plans for Unmanned Satellites - "The
White House announced, on July 29th, that President Eisenhower approved plans
to launch unmanned satellites to circle the earth, as participation in the
International Geophysical Year. The Russians soon made similar
announcements." [Link:
1]

1955 - CBS Premier /
"Gunsmoke" - Entertainment highlights during the week of
Sept. 10-16, 1955: "Gunsmoke" premiered on CBS. "Gunsmoke" began on radio
in 1952. The program ran for nearly 20 years on TV. [Based on: A.P. article
[THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT WAS], p. B4, S.L.P.D., 09/11/06]

1955 - Hurricane Hilda / Mexico - "Hurricane
date(s): September 19th, 1955. Number of recorded deaths: 200."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 206]

1955 - Paul Twitchell / Ruhani Satsang? - September
1955: "[....] After five years at Swami Premananda's ashram, Paul left in
1955 under somewhat cloudy circumstances (including separating from his wife,
Camille). After a respite in Florida, He returned to the D.C. area where,
in September of that year, He attended a series of satsangs held by Sant
Kirpal Singh Ji Maharaj. This was to serve as perhaps the key pivotal point
in His life for, at the end of the Satsangs, He received initiation into
Surat Shabd Yoga. Paul pays homage to Kirpal Singh early in The Flute of
GOD: [....]"

1955 - Flooding / Farahzad, Iran - "Flood date(s):
October 7th-12th, 1955. Number of recorded deaths: 1,700."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 207]

1955 - The Urantia Book - October
12th, 1955: "The Urantia Foundation first published The Urantia Book
in 1955 in English. The organization has translated it into eleven other
languages, with new translations in process.[3] [....] The Sadlers and others
involved, now all deceased, claimed[11] that the papers of the book were
physically materialized from 1925 until 1935 in a way that was not understood
even by them, with the first three parts being completed in 1934 and the
fourth in 1935. The last Forum gathering was in 1942. Also documented are
methods of reception that Sadler denied as the way the papers were received.[8]
[....] The communications purportedly continued for another two decades while
members of the Forum studied the book in depth, and according to Sadler and
others, permission to publish it was given to them in 1955. The Urantia
Foundation was formed in 1950 as a tax-exempt educational society in
Illinois,[14] and through privately raised funds, the book was published
under international copyright on October 12, 1955. [....]"

1955 - First Recording / Barbara Streisand -
Entertainment highlights during the week of December 24 - 30th, 1955: Barbara
Streisand made her first recording, "You'll Never Know." She was 13. [Based
on: A.P. article (THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT WAS), S.L.P.D.,
12/26/06]

1955 - President Ngo Dinh Diem / Republic of South
Vietnam - October 26th, 1955: "Diem proclaims South Vietnam as Republic
of Vietnam and himself as president." [Based on: S.L.P.D., p. A5,
04/25/05]

1955 - Birth / Billy Idol - November 30th, 1955: "William Michael Albert
Broad[1] (born 30 November 1955[1]), better known by his stage name Billy
Idol, is an English rock musician. [...] Idol was born in Stanmore, Middlesex,
England. The name Billy Idol was inspired by a schoolteacher's description
of Broad as 'idle' .[3] [....]"

1955 - God Speaks / Meher Baba - 1955:
"God Speaks, The Theme of Creation and Its Purpose (ISBN
978-0-915828-02-9) is the principal book by Meher Baba and the most significant
religious text used by his followers. It exhaustively covers Meher Baba's
view of the process of Creation and its purpose and has been in print
continuously since 1955.[1]"

In 1955, Sant Kirpal Singh wrote an introduction to
his teachings especially intended for Westerners, called Man, Know Thyself.
The principle teaching expounded the underlying thread of the esoteric Sound
Current (Shabd, Naam, or Word) as the root experience of the Saints, which
is discussed in the scriptures and continues to be available. He also stressed
the importance of a living Master or Guru, as one can derive nothing from
past Masters (i.e., Saints or Masters who have died.)

He expressed no interest in creating a new religion
(see "No New Faith, Mind That" [3]) and would generally quote his Master
who said "plenty of wells have already been dug. There is no need to dig
another." His self-stated intention was to

revive the original knowledge, which is to be found
in the core of all religions, and gave an experience of the true nature of
man whose aim it is to return to his Source - God. By this experience every
individual regains his inherent value and dignity and can reach the highest
goal of human life.

During fourteen years he was repeatedly elected president
of the World Fellowship of Religions which came into being in 1957. On three
world tours in 1955, 1963, and 1972 He visited major cities in the Western
world, where he met religious leaders, politicians, and personalities of
society. He preached about the importance of self-knowledge and God-knowledge
and emphasized the need of selfless service as a form of devotion.

[....]

Sant Kirpal Singh's legacy may lie chiefly in the
wealth of books he wrote during his lifetime; the Master made all of these
works available without copyright, saying "the gifts of God, like sunlight,
are all free."

[....]

[Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirpal_Singh]

*Trivia: "RUHANI SATSANG A gathering
of purely spiritually minded persons. Satguru Kirpal Singh Ji, constituted
it as a Common Forum for the meeting of representatives from all religions,
who believe in the efficacy of the Science of Soul as panacea for all the
ills of the world."

1955 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1955 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 2,344."
[E.M.]

1956

1956 - Relocation Act - "The Relocation
Actcreates job training centers in urban areas for Native Americans.
The purpose of the act was to force Native Americans off the reservation
by offering job training opportunities only in urban areas. Native Americans
participating in the job training programs were required to sign formal
agreements that they would not return to their reservations."

1956 - French Leave Vietnam - "The French leave
Vietnam. The US Military Assistance Advisor Group [MAAG] assumes responsibility,
from French, for training South Vietnamese forces. Cold War tensions between
the US and the USSR heat up as Nikita Khrushchev announces to Western
ambassadors, 'History is on our side. We will bury you!' "

1956 - Birth / Mel Gibson - January 3rd, 1956: "Mel Colm-Cille Gerard Gibson,
AO ... is an Australian-American actor, film director, producer and screenwriter.
He was born in Peekskill, New York, moved with his parents to Sydney, Australia,
when he was 12 years old, and later studied acting at the Australian National
Institute of Dramatic Art. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Gibson]

1956 - Birth / Bill Maher - January 20th, 1956: "William 'Bill' Maher, Jr.
... is an American stand-up comedian, television host, political commentator,
author and actor. [...] Maher was born in New York City, the son of Julie
(née Berman), a nurse, and William Maher, Sr., a network news editor
and radio announcer.[6] He was raised in his Irish American father's Catholic
religion, remaining unaware that his mother was Jewish until his early teenage
years. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Maher]

1956 - First National TV Appearance / Elvis
Presley - Entertainment highlights during the week of Jan 28 - Feb.
3, 1956: Elvis Presley made his first national TV appearance on "The Dorsey
Brothers Show" on CBS. After the appearance, sales of his "Heartbreak Hotel"
single skyrocketed. [Based on: Article (THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT
WAS), p. E5, S.L.P.D., 01/30/07]

1956 - Blizzard / W Europe - "Blizzard date(s):
February 1st-29th, 1956. Number of recorded deaths: 1,000."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 206]

1956 - First Godzilla Movie - April 23rd-29th,
1956: Entertainment highlights during the week of April 23-29: The first
Godzilla movie, "Godzilla, King of the Monsters," premiered in New York."
[Based on: A.P. article, p. C5, S.L.P.D., 04/24/06]

1956 - Founded? / "Priori of Zion" - May 1956:
"Letter dated 8 June 1956 by the Mayor of Annemasse to the Sub Prefect of
St Julien-en-Genevois disclosed information that Pierre Plantard had broken
sections of the French Penal Code relating to crimes and offences against
property and was sentenced to six months imprisonment by the Tribunal of
St Julien-en-Genevois in December 1953. The Priory of Sion had been formed
in May 1956 and was originally dedicated to the defence of Low-Cost Housing,
also backing the opposition Candidate at the local Annemasse Council elections
 the Priory of Sion also attacked the Annemasse property developers
in the pages of its journal, Circuit. The letter dated 8 June 1956 by the
Mayor of Annemasse was part of an investigation into the Priory of Sion headed
by the local Annemasse Council and the Sub Prefecture of St Julien-en-Genevois
into Pierre Plantard and the first three issues of Circuit following the
formation of the Priory of Sion in May 1956. Three recent letters dated 22
March 2004, 20 April 2004 and 10 May 2004 from Monsieur Serge Champanhet,
the Secretary General of the Sub-Prefecture of St Julien-en-Genevois (4 Avenue
de Geneve, 74164 Saint Julien-en-Genevois, Haute-Savoie), have both confirmed
the existence of the 1956 letter and Plantards conviction."

1956 - Birth / Bo Derek - November 20th, 1956: "Bo Derek ... is an American
film and television actress, movie producer, model, and sex symbol, perhaps
best-known for her role in the 1979 film 10. [...] Bo Derek was born
Mary Cathleen Collins in Long Beach, California. She is of Irish, French,
Dutch and Welsh descent. [....]" [Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Derek]

1956 - Olympic Games / Melbourne, Australia -
"In 1956, the Summer Olympic Games were held in Melbourne, Alaska. The Summer
Games ran from November to December, because the seasons are reversed in
the Southern Hemisphere. In 1956, the Winter Olympic Games were held in Cortina
d' Ampezzo, Italy."

1956 - Dialogues With The Master - "Paul
[Paul Twitchell] wrote Dialogues With The Master around 1956, from the references
I have seen, but didn't publish it until 1970. Paul also wrote The Flute
of God in 1959, but didn't put it into print until 1966, in the Orion Magazine
series. This pattern is similar to Paul's writing of The Far Country in 1963,
which wasn't published until 1970." [Based on: Doug Marman, Dialogue in
the Age of Criticism, Chap. 6]

1956 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1956 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 3,000."
[E.M.]

1957

1957 - Established / Fatah - "Fatah,
also known as Al-Fatah, is an acronym for Palestine National Liberation Movement;
the word itself means 'conquest'. Founded in the 1950s by, among others,
Yasser Arafat, its goal is the creation of a Palestinian state."

1957 - Assassinations / South
Vietnam- "Communist insurgent activity in South
Vietnam begins. Guerrillas assassinate more than 400 South Vietnamese officials.
Thirty-seven armed companies are organized along the Mekong Delta.
Thirteen Americans working for MAAG and US Information Service are wounded
in terrorist bombings in Saigon."

1957 - U.S. Military Nurses / Vietnam War -
1957-1975: "Seven women die in the line of duty while serving in the war
zone." [Based on: Article, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, p. A10,
07/10/05]

1957 - Pluto Platter [Frisbee] - January 13th,
1957: "The first plastic flying disc was actually manufactured back in 1948,
by Fred Morrison, a California carpenter and building inspector. In 1955
Morrison joined the Wham-O company, and on this date [January 13th] in 1957
Wham-O introduced the toy as the Pluto Platter. The name was changed to Frisbee
the following year, and over the next 50 years Wham-O sold more than 200
million of them." [Leo Laporte's 2005 Technology Almanac, p. 15]

1957 - Birth / Geena Davis - January 21st, 1957: "Virginia Elizabeth 'Geena'
Davis ... is an American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model,
and a women's Olympics archery team semi-finalist. [...] Davis was born in
Wareham, Massachusetts. Her mother, Lucille (née Cook), was a teacher's
assistant, and her father, William F. Davis, was a civil engineer and church
deacon; her parents had both been from small towns in Vermont. [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geena_Davis]

1957 - Birth / LeVar Burton - February 16th, 1957: "Levardis Robert Martyn
Burton, Jr. ... professionally known as LeVar Burton, is an American actor,
presenter, director, producer, and author. [...] Burton was born to American
parents at the U.S. Army Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in West Germany.
[...] Burton and his two sisters were raised by his mother in Sacramento,
California.[4] [....]"

[Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeVar_Burton]

1957 - Birth / Vanna White - February 18th, 1957: "Vanna White (born Vanna
Marie Rosich; February 18, 1957)[2] is an American television personality
and film actress best known as the hostess of Wheel of Fortune since
1982. [...] White was born in 1957 in Conway, South Carolina[3] the daughter
of Joan Marie and Miguel Angel Rosich. [....]"

1957 - Birth / Shannon Tweed - March 10th, 1957: "Shannon Lee Tweed ... is
a Canadian actress and model. [...] Tweed was born in St John's, Newfoundland,
to a mink rancher[2] and was raised on a mink ranch in Markland. [....]"

1957 - Surgeon General Report / Cigarette Smoking
- July 12th, 1957: "The U.S. surgeon general July 12 said studies showed
a 'direct link' between cigarette smoking and lung cancer."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 550]

1957 - 1st Earth Satellite / Sputnik I - October
4th, 1957: "First Earth orbiter, Soviet Sputnik 1, 370 mile high orbit, 184-lb.
- October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union stunned the world by placing the first
satellite, Sputnik, into space. The Russian spacecraft orbited around the
earth in great, amorphous loops. Americans reacted to the Russian Sputnik
with amazement and awe. Many doubted that it was really in space, some
top minds reported it as unimportant and useless. Some saw it as an object
to be blown out of the sky, in truth it was nothing more than a dummy space
ship." [Link:
1]

*Trivia: " 'Reds fire "moon" into sky' was how
this newspaper [Chicago Tribune] announced that the Russians had won
the race to be the first into space 50 years ago Thursday [10/04/07]. The
'moon,' launched Oct. 4, 1957, was actually a 184-pound satellite, a
'co-traveler' - 'sputnik' in Russian. [....]"[Based on: Chicago Tribune article (Beep ...
beep ... beep ...), p. C10, S.L.P.D. (Opinion Page), 10/05/07]

1957 - Radioactive Material / England - October
7th, 1957: "A fire in the Windscale plutonium production reactor N of Liverpool,
England, released radioactive material; later blamed for 39 cancer
deaths."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 210]

1957 - Sputnik 2 - November 3rd, 1957: "Sputnik
2 was launched on November 3 with the dog, Laika, the first animal in space
- Unsuccessful Vanguard firing [12/06/57] in the USA." [Link
1]

1957 - United Kingdom Hydrogen Bomb Test / Line
Islands, Pacific - November 8th, 1957: "The United Kingdom successfully
tests a hydrogen bomb in the Line Islands of the Pacific." [Based on: N.G.M.,
August 2005, p. 106]

1957 - Radioactive Contamination / Rocky Flats,
Colo. - "Demolition began Thursday [07/15/04] on what has been called
'the most dangerous building in America,' where workers at the Rocky Flats
nuclear plant once handled highly radioactive plutonium used in triggers
for nuclear weapons. Leaks, spills and a 1957 fire plagued the building,
and part of it was closed 30 years ago because radiation levels were off
the charts. The building was called the workhorse of the weapons factory,
16 miles northwest of Denver. The Department of Energy called the building
its 'greatest vulnerability' in 1994 because of the buildup of contamination
over five decades." [News Services, 07/16/04]

1957 - Radioactive & Chemical Waste / Weldon
Spring, MO - In the 1940s Weldon Spring was the world's largest munitions
plant, producing TNT and other explosives. From 1957 to 1966, pure uranium
was manufactured on the site for nuclear weapons and as fuel for nuclear
power plants. The cleanup that was largely completed at Weldon Spring cost
$900 million over 17 years and included burial of 1.5 million cubic yards
of radioactive materials and chemicals in a seven-story hill."
[Post-Dispatch Washington Bureau, 11/16/03]

1957 - Trivia / U.S.
Food & Drugs - "In US vs. Adolphus Hohensee, the US Court of Appeals
held that oral representations may be used to show the intended purpose of
a drug to establish that it is misbranded."

1957 - Stopped? / Project Paperclip, U.S.A.
- "[....] Project Paperclip was stopped in 1957, when West Germany protested
to the U.S. that these efforts had stripped it of 'scientific skills.' There
was no comment about supporting Nazis. Paperclip may have ended in 1957,
but as you can see from Licio Gelli and his international dealings with the
CIA in Italy/P2, and Heinrich Rupp with his involvement in October Surprise,
the ramifications of Paperclip are world-wide. The Nazis became employed
CIA agents, engaging in clandestine work with the likes of George Bush, the
CIA, Henry Kissenger, and the Masonic P2 lodge. This is but one of the results
of Operation Paperclip. Another umbrella project that was spawned from Paperclip
was MK-ULTRA. [....]

1958 - 1st American Satellite / Explorer I -
January 31st, 1958: "Explorer 1 became America's first satellite on January
31, 1958. Following the Soviet success with Sputnik and the embarrassing
failure in December [6th] 1957 of the first American attempt to launch a
satellite, the U.S. Army launched a scientific satellite using a rocket that
had been developed to test guided missile components. Explorer 1 carried
an instrument package developed by a team at the State University of Iowa
under the direction of Professor James A. Van Allen. Data returned by Explorer
1 and Explorer 3 [launched in March 1958] provided evidence that the Earth
is surrounded by intense bands of radiation, now called the Van Allen radiation
belts. This was the first major scientific discovery of the space age."

1958 - 1st Black Graduate / Arkansas Public
School - May 8th, 1958: "President Eisenhower ordered National Guard
out of Little Rock as Ernest Green became the first black to graduate from
an Arkansas public school."

1958 - "Regime Change" / Iraq - July 14th,
1958: "The army of Iraq overthrew the monarchy. The Hashemite King Faisal
was assassinated."

1958 - U.S. Involvement / Lebanon -
"July 15, President Eisenhower ordered 5,000 U.S. Marines to Lebanon, at
the request of that country's president, Camille Chamoun, in the face of
a perceived threat by Muslim rebels; to help end a short-lived civil
war."

*Trivia: "Six-month civil war between Muslims
and leftists loyal to Egyptian President Gamal Nasser." [A.P.,
02/15/05]

1958 - Charles / Prince of Wales - July 26th,
1958: "The Queen created Prince Charles The Prince of Wales on July 26, 1958.
The Prince can trace his descent through the Tudors to the original native
Princes of Wales, though the title's use for the heir to the English throne
began with Edward II, who had been created Prince of Wales by his father
Edward I in 1301."

1958 - Created / NASA - July 29th, 1958:
"President Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which
created NASA."

1958 - "GIGI" - September 11th, 1958: We can
still whistle "The Night They invented Champagne" from this best-picture
Oscar winner about a turn-of-the-century French girl (Leslie Caron) groomed
to be a courtesan."

1958 - Airline Passenger Service / U.S.A. -
December 10th, 1958: "First domestic jet airline passenger service in U.S.
opened by National Airlines Dec. 10 between New York and Miami."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005,
p. 550]

1958 - Minted / Last Wheat Penny - "The US minted
its last Wheat Ear penny."

1958 - Stray Hydrogen Bomb / Georgia Coast?
- September 30th, 2004: "SAVANNAH, Ga. - The U.S. government is sending a
team of 20 scientists [September 2004] to check out a report of unusual radiation
readings that could be coming from a hydrogen bomb that was lost off the
Georgia coast in 1958. [....] The bomb, believed buried in 10 to 15 feet
of mud at the bottom of the sea, became one of 11 'Broken Arrows' - nuclear
bombs lost during air or sea accidents, according to U.S. military records.
The Air Force has long insisted that there is no risk of a nuclear blast
from the bomb off Georgia because the plutonium capsule needed to trigger
an explosion was removed before the ill-fated flight. Duke [Derek Duke] who
lives in Statesboro, Ga., has disputed that point over the years. He sites
a Pentagon memo from 1996 that referred to the bomb as a 'complete weapon.'
The Air Force has said that memo was wrong. Duke approached Air Force officials
more than three years ago [2000?], but they decided at the time not to renew
the search for the bomb. The Air Force argued that it was better left
undisturbed, because it contains uranium and 400 pounds of conventional
explosives." [Russ Bynum, A.P., 09/30/04]

1958 - Invented / Laser - "AT&T Bell
Labs scientists invented the laser. In 1981, Arthur Schawlow [d.1999 at 77]
of Stanford won the Nobel Prize in Physics. He with his brother-in-law and
Charles Townes of UC Berkeley shared credit for inventing the laser. They
developed the laser in the 1950s and made a working model in 1960 whiled
working for Bell Laboratories."

1958 - Invented / Integrated Circuit - "In 1958,
Mr Kilby [Jack Kilby, d. 06/20/05] built the first integrated circuit, in
which all the components were fabricated in semiconductor material half the
size of a paper clip. He also co-invented the hand-held calculator. Mr. Kilby's
invention, a forerunner of the microchip used in today's computers [2005],
replaced the bulky and unreliable switches and tubes that had been used in
the first computing devices. Later, Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor
received a patent for a similar but more complex circuit made of silicon."
[Based on: A.P. article, S.L.P.D., p. A7, 06/22/05]

1958 - The Nuclear Double Standard - 1958: "The
controlled press ignores the fact that the three European nations seeking
[2005] to prevent Iran from becoming a nuclear state have all assisted in
the creation of the Middle East's only nuclear arsenal - Israel's. [....]
On the one hand, Iran is abiding by its legal obligations under the treaty
on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Iran, like every other
nation in the Middle East with the exception of Israel, has ratified the
NPT and forsworn the pursuit of nuclear weapons. [....] The BBC recently
reported that in 1958 Britain had secretly sold Israel 20 tons of 'heavy
water,' a key ingredient for its nuclear program. The shipment of deuterium
oxide was reported as being 'vital to plutonium production' at Israel's
top-secret Dimona nuclear reactor in the Negev Desert. Construction of the
Dimona facility began in the late 1950s as the result of a secret agreement
with France, which provided assistance with reactor design and construction.
While the story of Britain's shipment of heavy water to Israel was reported
by the BBC and elsewhere, The New York Times, whose motto is 'All
the news that's fit to print,' did not even mention it. A call to the Times
asking about the omission was not returned. Senior ministers in then
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's government were reported to have been unaware
of the deal, which was supposedly conducted by lower-level civil servants.
The shipment was also kept secret from the Americans. [....] Robert McNamara,
U.S. secretary of defense from 1961-68, told the BBC he was 'astonished'
by the coverup. 'It is very surprising to me we were not told because we
shared information about the nuclear bomb very closely with the British,'
he said. The heavy water had been bought by Britain from Norway and has been
presented in the past as a deal between Israel and Norway. [....] More recently,
Germany provided Israel with submarines that had their forward compartments
modified, at Israel's request, for the launch of long-range cruise missles.
The subs were free. Providing Israel with submarines equipped with the means
to deliver nuclear-tipped cruise missles is a clear violation of the NPT
by the German government." [Based on: American Free Press (Volume
V, # 35, 08/29/05) article by Christopher Bollyn, p. 5] - [Paragraph indents
removed to save space - E.M.]

1958 - Vancomycin - "The vancomycin antibiotic
was developed. It became the best weapon against bacteria that were no longer
vulnerable to other drugs. In 1988 bacteria resistant to vancomycin began
to be detected."

1958 - "Natural Disaster" Deaths / 1958 - "Estimated
number of people who died from natural disasters this year: at least 176."
[E.M.]

1959

1959 - Fidel Castro / Cuba - January 1st, 1959:
"Fidel Castro seized Havana and was joined by Che Guevara. Castro took over
Cuba. Fidel Castro led Cuban revolutionaries to victory over Fulgencio Batista,
who fled to the Dominican Republic."

1959 - American Airlines / U.S.A. - January
25, 1959: "American Airlines opened the jet age in the United States with
the first scheduled transcontinental flight of a Boeing 707."

1959 - "The Day The Music Died" /
Iowa- February 3rd, 1959:
"The fatal crash of a four-seater light plane outside Mason City, Iowa, in
February 1959, was reported around the world. On board, on their way to a
concert in North Dakota, were Buddy Holly, Jiles 'Big Bopper' Richardson,
and 17-year-old sensation Richie Valens. It was, as Don Maclean later sang,
the day the music died."

*Trivia:"Buddy Holly, Ritchie
Valens and the Big Bopper made what would be their last public appearance,
in Clear Lake, Iowa [Feb. 2nd, 1959]." [Based on, A.P.]

1959 - Test-Fired / U.S. Titan ICBM - February
6, 1959: "The United States successfully test-fired for the first time a
Titan intercontinental ballistic missile from Cape Canaveral."

1959 - Chinese Tibet - March 17, 1959: "Tibet
rebelled [03/10/59] against Chinese control. China reacted harshly, arrested
tens of thousands and held strict control until the late 1970s. The Chinese
forced the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, and many of his followers to flee [March
17th] to India. The Communists destroyed 6,500 monasteries. About 250 monks
of the Drepung Loseling Monastery escaped to India and established a replica
of their ancient institution."

1959 - Selected / U.S. Astronauts - April 9,
1959: "NASA announced the selection of America's first seven astronauts for
the US first orbital flight in 1962 under the Mercury program: Scott Carpenter,
Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard and Donald
Slayton."

1959 - First Single / Dolly Parton - Entertainment
highlights during the week of April 15-21, 1959: The first single by 13-year-old
Dolly Parton was released on Gold Band Records. It was called "Puppy Love."
[Based on: A.P. article, p. B3, S.L.P.D., 04/16/07]

1959 - Group 559 / Vietnam - May 19th, 1959:
"The formation of the Peoples' Army of Vietnam's Military Transportation
Group 559 on May 19, 1959, the 69th birthday of Vietnamese revolutionary
leader Ho Chi Minh, ultimately resulted in the creation of the Ho Chi Minh
Trail. The trail was intended to facilitate the infiltrating of troops and
transporting supplies from North Vietnam to support the revolution in South
Vietnam."

1959 - Died / George Reeves ["Superman"] - June 17th, 1959: "On June
17, 1959, millions of American youngsters were devestated by the news: Superman
was dead. George Reeves, whose work as TV's Man of Steel set the Superman
screen standard for decades, died in his Benedict Canyon home from a gunshot
to the head. The coroner ruled it suicide. The new film 'Hollywoodland,'
which opens today [09/08/06], suggests Reeves might have been murdered.
Considering the drama that surrounded Reeves' life and death, its surprising
that Hollywood hadn't explored his saga before. He was born George Basselo
on April 6, 1914, in Woodstock, Iowa. At 15, he moved to Southern California
and became a championship wrestler on the Pasadena City College team. [....]"
[Based on: A.P. article (Suicide or Murder?) by Bob Thomas, p. E1, S.L.P.D.,
09/08/06]

1959 - Typhoon Sara / Japan, South Korea
- "Typhoon date(s): September 17th-19th, 1959. Number of recorded deaths:
2,000."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 206]

1959 - Trivia / SETI - September 19th,
1959: "Nature ran a paper by Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison that said
terrestrial radiotelescopes were sensitive enough to detect radio signals
from other stars. This was later seen as the beginning of SETI, the Search
for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence."

1959 - Trivia / Gravity Probe B - 1959: "[....]
The conceptual design for this mission was first proposed by an MIT professor,
George Pugh, who was working with the U.S. Department of Defense in 1959
and later discussed by Leonard Schiff (Stanford) in 1960 at Pugh's suggestion,
based partly on a theoretical paper about detecting frame dragging that Schiff
had written in 1957. It was proposed to NASA in 1961, and they supported
the project with funds in 1964. This grant ended in 1977 after a long phase
of engineering research into the basic requirements and tools for the satellite.
[....]"

[Based on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_Probe_B]

1959 - Typhoon Vera / Honshu, Japan -
"Typhoon date(s): September 27th, 1959. Number of recorded deaths:
4,466."[Based on: The World Almanac and Book
of Facts, 2005, p. 206]

1959 - CBS Debut / "The Twilight Zone" -
"Entertainment highlights during the week of October 1st-7th: "The Twilight
Zone," created and hosted by Rod Sterling, made its debut on CBS. [Based
on: A.P. article (That Was The Week That Was), p. B2, S.L.P.D.,
10/02/06]

1959 - Translation / Kay-Dee Iverlet - "Reportedly died this year in history:
Kay-Dee Iverlet, the sister of Paul Twitchell [The modern day founder of
Eckankar]."
[E.M.]

1959 - Discovery / Ancient Bones, Channel Islands
- "In 1959, the partial skeletal remains of an ancient woman estimated to
be 10,000 years old were unearthed in Arlington Springs on Santa Rosa Island,
one of the eight Channel Islands off the southern California coast. They
were discovered by Phil C. Orr, curator of anthropology and natural history
at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. The remains of the so-called
Arlington Springs woman were recently reanalyzed by the latest radiocarbon
dating techniques and were found to be approximately 13,000 years old. The
new date makes her remains older than any other known human skeleton found
so far in North America."

*Trivia: "In 1959-60, two femurs were excavated
at a site called Arlington Springs on Santa Rosa Island. Responsible for
the digs was Phil C. Orr, Curator of Anthropology at the Museum of Natural
History in Santa Barbara. He published his findings in Science 135,
3499 (1962): 219 and American Antiquity 27, 3 (1962): 417-419, followed
up by full account in Prehistory of Santa Rosa Island (Santa Barbara,
1968). Jon Erlandson reviews the evidence Orr collected at Arlington Springs
in Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast (New York: Plenum,
1994), pp. 184-186. [....] The main discovery is that Arlington Springs Man
was in fact a woman and significantly earlier than previously thought.
Radiocarbon dating has moved Orr's estimate of 10,000 years ago back to 13,000
B.P."

1950s- Minamata Disease / Japan - "Japan's top
court ordered the government Friday [10/15/04] to pay $703,000 in damages
to victims of the Minamata Bay mercury poisining. The ruling came 22 years
after the case was filed [1982?] over an industrial pollution disaster that
killed more than 1,700 people and caused mothers to give birth to deformed
babies.
"The Minamata poisoning incident was Japan's worst case of
industrial pollution. Since the 1950's, hundreds of people have contracted
Minamata disease - a neurological disorder caused by mercury poisoning -
from eating tainted fish. The disease was first discovered in the 1950s and
named for Minamata Bay in southern Japan, where a company dumped tons of
mercury compounds.
"The court said the government and Kumamoto prefecture (state)
failed to stop chemical manufacturer Chisso Corp. from dumping tons of mercury
compounds into Minamata Bay beginning in the 1930s." [News Services,
10/16/04]

1959 - 1st Barbie - "The Barbie Doll No.
1 was introduced by Mattel Toy Company for $3. It sold for $4000 in 1994
as a collector's item."