Causes of the American Revolution

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Causes of the American Revolution
French and Indian War (1754-1763)
• Fought over:
– Control of North America
• Land
DID YOU KNOW: In
Europe, the French and
Indian War is known as
the Seven Year’s War
– Fur Trade
Ohio
Valley
?
French and Indian War (1754-1763)
• Major Battles:
– Ft. Duquesne
• Originally founded by
Virginia farmers,
completed by the
French
• VA sent George
Washington w/ troops
– Loses
• Many other British
expeditions sent
– Fort never falls to the
British
Treaty of Paris
(1763)
• Ends French and
Indian War
• Gives Britain
control of all
territory east of the
Mississippi River &
Canada
– Mississippi River
was to be open for
trade
Those Bad British
b. Explain colonial response to such
British actions as the Proclamation of
1763, the Stamp Act, and the
Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons and
Daughters of Liberty and Committees
of Correspondence.
Proclamation of 1763
• Banned colonization west of Appalachian
Mountains
– Those who already lived there must move east
The king
says you
have to
come back!
Review Questions:
1. What was the cause of the French and
Indian War?
2. Who won the French and Indian War?
3. Name two territorial gains for the British
given by the Treaty of Paris, 1763.
4. Why did the British government issue the
Proclamation of 1763?
Sugar Act (1764)
• All sugar and molasses coming into the
colonies would be taxed
• Why?
– Pay for British troops used during the French
and Indian War
The Stamp Act (1765)
• Printed items required to have a stamp
saying tax had been paid
• Items taxed:
– Newspapers
– Pamphlets
– Licenses
– Legal Documents
– Playing Cards
"There is not gold and silver
enough in the colonies to pay
the stamp duty for one year.”
"Such another Experiment as
the Stamp-Act wou'd produce
a general Revolt in America."
–Benjamin Franklin
- George Mason, 1766.
Why?
"Q. What used to be the pride of
Americans?
Colonial petitions and protests
A. To indulge in the fashions and
manufactures of Great-Britain.
Franklin presented colonial
protests before House of
Commons
Q. What now is their pride?
A. To wear their old cloaths over
again, till they can make new ones."
Townshend Acts (1767)
• Taxed more items:
– Imported glass
– Lead
– Paint
– Paper
– Tea
DID YOU KNOW: The British used “writs
of assistance” to search and seize any
home or ship that was suspected of
having illegal (untaxed) items.
• How do you think the colonists felt about
these taxes?
“Taxation Without Representation”
• Colonies had no direct representation in
Parliament
Salutary Neglect:
British policy – ~1607-1763
British did not enforce laws
placed on the colonies
DID YOU KNOW: Some in
the District of Columbia use
this as their slogan. Why do
you think that is the case?
Trouble in Boston
• Ship, Liberty, seized in 1768 for having
illegal goods
– Owned by John Hancock
• Violence in Boston in protest to the taxes
& to the seizure of ships
– British troops occupy city in response
Sons of Liberty
• Formed by Samuel Adams
– Original purpose: to protest the Stamp Act
• Protested against taxes
• Sometimes used intimidation
and physical violence to
achieve their goals
Boston Massacre
• March 5th, 1770
• Argument between soldiers guarding
custom house and crowd
– Result: 5 killed
• Includes Crispus Attucks
• Used as propaganda to
increase hatred of British
soldiers
Engraving
showing the
Boston
Massacre by
Paul Revere
(1770)
Tea Act (1773)
• New act, lowered price of tea but required
colonists to buy it from the East India
Company
• Why do you think colonists
preferred to buy more
expensive tea on the black
market?
Boston Tea Party (1773)
• 3 Ships were anchored in Boston Harbor
– Ordered by governor to unload cargo of tea
– Threatened by colonists – told not to unload
• December 16th – at night, patriots dressed
as Native Americans boarded the ships &
threw 90,000 lbs. of tea overboard
DID YOU KNOW: Formed following widespread government intervention in
failing banks and other businesses, the modern “Tea Party” movement takes it
name from this famous event. What do you think the modern “Tea Party” is
against?
Committees of Correspondence
• Formed to allow the colonies to
communicate with each other
• Spread revolutionary actions
– Often quicker than other
methods of communication
– Writings would be read aloud
or published in other colonies
Broadsides, like the one
above, were often used
to spread information.
The Intolerable Acts (1765-1774)
• Quartering Act (1765)
– Colonies must supply and house British troops
• Boston Port Bill (1774)
– Closes Boston Harbor until tea is paid for
• Administration of Justice Act (1774)
– British officials could not be charged w/ a crime
• Massachusetts Government Act (1774)
– Massachusetts charter is revoked
• Quebec Act (1774)
– Canada given more territory, taken away from VA,
CT & MA
1st Continental Congress
• Response to the Intolerable Acts
– 12/ 13 colonies- Not Georgia
– 55 men, including Washington, Samuel
Adams, John Adams
– Social Activity: Loosen tensions between
colonies
– Sept 5- Oct 26 1774
– John Adams role: No home rule
– Most significant: The Association (complete
boycott)- Violators: tarred and feathered
– Not open rebellion yet.
Lexington and Concord
• April 1775
• British commander sent a detachment of
troops
• Seized colonial gunpowder/ capture
leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock
• Lexington: Shots fired that killed eight
Americans (Massacre)
• Concord: Americans ready; 70 British
killed and forced to retreat
British/ American Strengths and Weaknesses
British
American
Population: 7.5
million
Oppressed
Ireland
Great leaders
Population: 2.5
million
Wealth/ Naval
power
Bitter France
European
leaders- If paid
Not organized for
war- Cost.
Fought
defensively
Tensions stilleven though unity
is closer.
Professional Army Government inept
Hired Soldiers
Many British sided Food: Mostly self
WITH Americans
sustaining
Money problemMany colonies
tried to print own
paper money
American
Loyalist- 50,000
Soldiers treated
poorly
Inflation- hit
families hard
Home base3,000 miles away
No specific place
to take out
Moral Advantage:
“Just Cause.”
Manufactured
Goods- Short
supply
Students will create a timeline or a thinking map on
the events leading up to/causes of the American
Revolution
•
Note: At a minimum, these must
be covered.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Proclamation of 1763.
American Nationalism
Sugar Act
Stamp Act
Virtual v Actual Representation
Son/Daughters of Liberty
Non-Importation Movement
Declaratory Act
Townsend Acts
Movement
• Letters from a Pennsylvania
Farmer
• Massachusetts Circular Letter
• Boston Massacre
• Tea Acts
• Committees of
Correspondence
• Boston Tea Party
• Intolerable Acts
• Lexington and Concord
The
American
Revolutionary
War
Independence is Common Sense?
c. Explain the importance of
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
to the movement for
independence.
Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
• British
– Moved to America (1774)
– Opponent of monarchy
• Called for republic
Plaque in
England
memorializing
Paine
Common Sense
(1776)
• Published Common
Sense, a pamphlet, in
1776
• Sold more than
150,000 copies
– 75x more than average
successful paper
Common Sense (1776)
• Talks about:
– Problems of the monarchy
“…monarchy and succession have laid (not this or that kingdom only) but
the world in blood and ashes. 'Tis a form of government which the word
of God bears testimony against…”
– Why America should be independent
…but from the errors of other nations, let us learn wisdom, and lay hold of
the present opportunity — to begin government at the right end…
…independence is the only bond that can tie and keep us together…
Common Sense (1776)
“one of the most brilliant pamphlets
ever written in the English language."