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Common Information Technology Architectures

Overview Of Common Information Technology Architectures

The world is currently in the Information and Technology era, were as, so many experts are of the opinion that the Silicon Valley days are beginning to come to an end. Information and Technology is basically what the world revolves around today which makes it necessary to consider some technical overview of Information and Technology architecture use. The term Information Technology is often used in place for computer networks, and it also surrounds other information related technologies like television, cell phones and so on, showing the connection between IT and ICT (thou IT and ICT are often used to replace each other but technically are different). When talking about IT architectural, it is the framework or basis that supports an organization or system. Information technology architectural concerning computing involves virtual and physical resources supporting the collection, processing, analysis and storage of data. The architecture, in this case, can be integrated into a data center or in some other instances decentralized into multiple data centers, which can be managed and controlled by the IT department or third-party IT firm, just like cloud provider or colocation facility. IT architectures usually come into play when we consider hardware for computers (Big Iron: mainframe & Supercomputers), software, internet (LAN / WAN Server based), e-commerce, telecom equipment, storage (Cloud) and so on.

Information Technology Industry Overview

We human beings have been able to manipulate, store, and retrieve data since 3000Bc, but the modern sense of information technology first appeared in an article in 1958 published in a Havard Business Review: Harold j.Leavitt and Thomas L.whisler were the authors, and they further commented that the new technology was lacking an established name. It shall be called information technology (IT). Information Technology is used in virtually all sectors and industries, talking about education, agriculture, marketing, health, governance, finance and so on. Whatever you do, it is always appropriate to have a basic overview of the architectural uses of Information Technology. Now we take a look at some standard Information technology architectures use with regards to technology environment patterns such as Big Iron (mainframe & Supercomputers); Cloud; LAN / WAN Server based; storage (Cloud).

Big Iron (Mainframe & Supercomputers)

Big iron is a term used by hackers, and as defined in the hacker’s dictionary the Jargon File refers to it as “large, expensive, ultra-fast computers. It is used for number crunching supercomputers such as Crays, but can include more conventional big commercial mainframes”. Often used concerning IBM mainframes, when discussing their survival after the invention of lower cost Unix computing systems. More recently the term also applies to highly efficient computer servers and ranches, whose steel racks naturally work in the same manner.

Supercomputers are known to be the world’s fastest and largest computers, and they are primarily used for complex scientific calculations. There are similar components in a supercomputer and desktop computer: they both have memory processors and hard-drives. Although similarities exist between supercomputers and desktop computers, the speeds are significantly different. Supercomputers are way faster and more extensive. The supercomputers large disk storage, high memory, and processors increase the speed and the power of the machine. Although desktop computers can perform thousands or millions of floating-point operations per second know as (megaflops), supercomputers speeds perform at billions of operations per second also known as (gigaflops) and even up to trillions of operations per second know as (teraflops).

Mainframe Computers

Evolution Of Mainframe and Supercomputers

Currently, many computers are indeed faster than the very first supercomputer, the Cray-1, which is designed and developed by Cray Research team during the mid-70s. The Cray-1 had the capacity of computing at the rate of 167 megaflops using a rapid form of computing called the Vector Processing, which is composed of quick execution of instructions in a state of pipelined fashion. In the mid-80s a faster method of supercomputing was originated: which was called Parallel Processing. Applications that made use of parallel processing were and are still able to solve computational issues by using multiple processors. Example: if you were going to prepare ice cream, sundaes for nine of your friends. You would need ten scoops of ice cream, ten bowls; ten drizzles of chocolate syrup with ten cherries, working alone you would put one scoop of ice-cream in each bowl and drizzle the syrup on each other. Now, this method of preparing sundaes will be categorized as vector processing. To get the job done very quickly, you will need help from some friends to assist you in a parallel processing method. If five people prepare the ice-cream mixture, it would be five times as fast.

Parallel Processing

Application Of Mainframe and Supercomputers

Supercomputers are very powerful that they can provide researchers with the insight into sources that are small, too fast, too big, or maybe very slow to observe in laboratories. Astrophysicists make use of supercomputers as time machines to explore the past and the future of the universe. A fascinating supercomputer simulation was created in the year 2000 that was able to depict the collision of two galaxies: The Andromeda and our very own Milky Way, although this collision will not happen in another 3 billion years from now.

This particular simulation allowed scientist to experiment and the view the result now. The simulation was conducted by Blue Horizon, a parallel supercomputer in the Diego, Supercomputer Center. Using 256 of Blue Horizon’s 1,152 processors, the simulation showed what would happen to millions of stars if the galaxies collided. Another example is molecular dynamic (molecular interactions with each other). Simulation events done with supercomputers allow scientists to study their interactions when two molecules are docked down. Researchers can generate an atom-by-atom picture of the molecular geometry by determining the shape of a molecule’s surface. Atomic experimentation at this level is extremely difficult or impossible to perform in a laboratory environment, but supercomputers have paved the way for scientists to stimulate such behaviors with ease.

Supercomputers Of The Future

Various research centers are always diving into new applications such as data mining to explore additional and multiple uses of supercomputing. Data mining allows scientist to find previously unknown relationships among data, just like the Protein Data Bank at San Diego Supercomputer Center is collecting scientific data that provides other scientists all around the world with more significant ways of understanding of biological systems. So this will provide researchers with new and unlimited insights of the effects, causes, and treatments of so many diseases. Capabilities of and applications of supercomputers will continue to grow as institutions all over the world are willing to share their various discoveries making researchers more proficient at parallel processing.

information technology Data Storage

Electronic data storage, which is widely used in modern computers today, has a date that spans from World War II when a delay memory line was developed to remove the interference from radar signals. We also have the William tube, which was the very first random-access digital storage, based on the cathode ray tube which consumed more electrical power. The problem regarding this was that the information stored in the delay line memory was liable to change flexibly and fast, especially very volatile. So it had to be continuously refreshed, and information was lost whenever power was removed. The first form of non-volatile computer storage system was the magnetic drum, which was the magnetic drum, it was invented in 1932 and used in the (Ferranti Mark 1) the very first commercially available electronic that was for general-purpose.

IBM initially introduced the very first hard disk drive in 1956, as an added component to their 305 RAMAC computer system. Most digitalized data today are stored magnetically on a hard disk, or optically such as CD-ROMS. But in 2002 the digital storage capacity exceeded analog for the first time. In the year 2007, almost 94% of data stored in the world was digitally held: 28% optical devices, 52% hard disks, 11% digital magnetic tape. The worldwide capacity for storing information on electronic devices grew from 3 Exabyte (1986) to 295 Exabyte (2007), doubling every three years.

Cloud Computing

Cloud Storage

Cloud storage is a modern data storage system in which the digital data is stored in an array of logical pools, the physical storage system composes of multiple servers and often various locations, and the environment is usually owned by and managed by a hosting company. Cloud storage supplying companies are in charge of for keeping the data available and accessible, individuals; organizations lease or buy storage capacity from the suppliers to store user, application data or organization. Cloud storage refers to a hosted object-storage service, I a long run the term has broadened to include other sources of data storage systems that are available as a service, just like extended storage. Examples of block storage services are Amazon S3 and Microsoft Azure storage. Then we also have OceanStore and VISION cloud which are storage systems that can be hosted and also deployed with cloud characteristics.

Cloud computing is changing implementation and design of IT infrastructures. Typically, business-owned traditional database centers are mostly private, and capital-intensive resources (Big-Iron: Mainframe and supercomputers), cloud base computing, on the other hand, enables organizations to have access to cloud base service providers with credible data center infrastructure for a mostly avoidable fee. Infrastructure-as-a-service model, cloud computing, allows flexible data storage on demand. Consumers can beseech cloud service provider’s to help store, compute, and offer other IT related services without installing gadgets and other resources locally, saving a lot of space and money while users can quickly adjust cloud base usage depending on required workload.

Servers

On a typical day, people tend to use different IT-based servers or networks. Firstly, the process of checking your email, over a Wi-Fi connection on your PC, in your house, is a typical server.

The process of logging on to your computer at your place of work, to have access to files from the company’s database that is another typical server. When you are out for coffee the Wi-Fi hotspot at the coffee shop, is another type of server-based communications.

All of these typical servers are set up differently. Servers are mainly categorized according to a geographic area of use and the requirements of the server within those geographic areas. Servers can service just about anyone from one man usage within with one device to millions of people and devices anywhere on the planet.

Some Common Servers we will consider Include:

WAN (Wide Area Network)

LAN (Local Area Network)

PAN (Personal Area Network)

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Let’s go into some detail on these networks.

Area Net Relative Size Relationship

PAN (Personal Area Network)

PAN (personal area network), is a server integrated for a single person within a building or nearby. It could be inside a little office or a home. A PAN could incorporate at least one PC, phones, minor gadgets, computer game consoles and other gadgets. On the off chance that various people utilize a similar system inside a home, the system is some of the time known as a HAN (Home Area Network).

In an exceptionally common setup, a home will have a single, wired Internet connection associated with a modem. This modem at that point gives both wired and remote service for numerous gadgets. The system is regularly managed from a PC yet can be accessed to from other electronic devices.

This kind of server gives incredible adaptability. For instance, it enables you to:

Send a report to the printer in the workplace upstairs while you’re perched in another room with your portable workstation

If this sounds well-known to you, you likely have a PAN in your home without you knowing what it’s called.

LAN (Local Area Network)

LAN (Local Area Network) comprises of a PC network at a single location, regularly an individual office building. LAN is useful for sharing assets, for example, information stockpiling and printers. LANs can be worked with generally modest equipment, for example, network connectors, hubs, and Ethernet links.

A small LAN server may just utilize two PCs, while bigger LANs can oblige a higher number of PCs. A LAN depends on wired networking for speed and security optimization; however wireless networks can be associated with a LAN. Fast speed and moderately low cost are the qualifying attributes of LANs.

LANs are regularly utilized for a place where individuals need to share resources and information among themselves yet not with the outside world. Think about an office building where everyone ought to have the capacity to get to records on the server or have the ability to print an archive to at least one printer. Those assignments ought to be simple for everyone working in a similar office, yet you would not want someone strolling into the office and have access.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

MAN (metropolitan area network) comprises of a PC organize over a whole city, school grounds or little district. Contingent upon the arrangement, this kind of system can cover a range from 5 to around 50 kilometers over. A MAN is often used to associate a group of LANs together to form a broader system. When this kind of server is mainly intended for a campus, it can be called CAN (Campus Area Network).

WAN (Wide Area Network)

WAN (wide area network), involves a vast region, for example, a whole nation or the entire world. A WAN can contain various littler systems, for example, LANs or MANs. The Internet is the best-known case of an open WAN.

Conclusion

The world is changing rapidly as modern world continues its unstoppable growth. With so much of the changes happening its good education be capable of touching students in various ways. Students today are leaders, teacher’s inventors and businessmen and women of tomorrow. Information technology has a crucial role in students being able to retain their job and go to school. Especially now that most schools offer various online courses, classes that can be accessed on tablets laptops and mobile phones.

Information technology is reshaping many aspects of the world’s economies, governments, and societies. IT provide more efficient services, catalyze economic growth, and strengthen social networks, with about 95% of the world’s population now living in an area with the presence of a featured use and implementation of IT. IT is diversified, what you are probably using to have access to this article is based on IT architectural features. Technological advancement is a positive force behind growth in economies of nations, citizen engagement, and job creation.