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Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation

in astronomy, a small star cluster belonging to the constellation Sagittarius. Discovered by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1764, it is considered one of the minor objects in Sagittarius and lies about 1 degree south and west of the Swan, or Omega, Nebula (M17). M18 is visible just under the arch of the swan’s neck. Like other minor objects in the sky, it shows up better in weaker telescopes at low magnification because it is revealed with more compression and nebulosity in a smaller field. It lies on a background filled with many dim star points. To its south lies the rich field of the small Sagittarius star cloud (M24). The New General Catalogue (NGC) lists M18 as number 6613.

M18 is categorized as an open, or galactic, cluster. It is a physically related group of stars that originated from large gas and dust clouds in the Milky Way. The stars in the cluster are bound together by strong mutual gravitational forces. Unlike globular clusters, which are very old, open clusters are relatively short-lived. Occasionally some of the members of the cluster escape the group because of changes in gravitational fields, which can be caused by encounters with field stars—that is, stars not associated with a cluster. The average open cluster loses most of its member stars after several hundred million years. These stars continue to orbit the galaxy as field stars. All of the field stars in the Milky Way, as well as those in other galaxies, are believed to have originated in open clusters.

The number of stars in M18 has been variously counted as less than 50 and slightly more than 12. The hottest stars in the cluster are white, indicating that the cluster is relatively young. Its age is estimated at approximately 32 million years. The cluster also contains bright yellow, orange, and blue stars. Some of the fainter members of this loose cluster form a vague S-shaped figure. Only two stars of M18 are very bright while the others range in brightness from average to faint. The two bright stars lie outside of the S shape.

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