ABSTRACT: As a result of the US Leegin case on Resale Price Maintenance (RPM), there is an intense debate as to whether the EU should abandon its current approach which is to assess RPM under a rebuttable presumption of illegality. Under the current state-of-play of economic analysis, one should conclude that neither per se illegality of RPM nor a full-blown rule of reason approach are appropriate. In the EU legal framework which—contrary to the US—largely relies on public enforcement of competition law, it is economically sound to stick to the current approach of a rebuttable presumption of illegality. The note explains how the state-of-play in economics may help to minimize the risk of over-enforcement under such an approach.