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9x106 cells ml-1 (Fig. 1B). At 100 m depth, numbers were about an order of magnitude lower (Kaplan and Friedmann, 1970). Analysis of the wealth of data on algal and prokaryote community densities from 1980 onwards, including vertical profiles of the distribution of the cells, has enabled a good understanding of the community dynamics of the biota in the lake, and the behavior of the communities can now be understood on the basis of the changes in the physical structure of the water column described above.

When released into the Dead Sea with the desalination reject brines, these compounds may degrade to yield orthophosphate which may trigger mass blooms of Dunaliella. Indeed we have shown that certain commercial antiscalant preparations tend to be as active as inorganic phosphate in stimulating algal development. These experiments are still in progress. MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE DEAD SEA 37 Another aspect of the biology of the Dead Sea to be taken into account is the possibility that anaerobic conditions will once more develop in the lower water mass similar to the pre-1979 situation (Neev and Emery, 1967) when a long-term meromictic period will become established, leading to consumption of the dissolved oxygen through the oxidation of the organic matter that will sink from the upper layer.