A lot of attention has been given to health-related issues worldwide, especially since the World Health Organisation declared obesity epidemic in many countries. Overweight and obesity impose a serious threat to economic welfare and the health and quality of life of the individual consumer (Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet, 2007). Paradoxically in continuation of the increased overweight, obesity and nutrition-related diseases research stresses there is an escalating concern about health issues such as eating and living healthy (ATV, 2007; Nordic Plan of Action, 2006). However consumers find many different obstacles to integrating healthy food products in their daily lives, including the compelling need for hedonic food consumption which often involves less healthy or unhealthy food (Luomala et al., 2004, 2006). Hedonic food consumption is often associated with social gatherings and „hygge42‟, where everyday „health-rules‟ are replaced with unrestricted „pleasure-rules‟......

Despite ten years of direct regulation, our study of Danish lower secondary schools shows that they do not provide online access to the GPA for individual public schools (N=1,592). Using Lipsky’s gate-keeping theory, we investigate the lack of data provision as indicator not only of professionals’ being reluctant to accept imposed standards and control from central level (top-down) but also avoiding demands from parents (and children) on transparency and accountability (bottom-up). The lack of accessibility of grades on the web can thus be seen as a classical gate-keeping mechanism evolving in the age of information society where expectations of end-of-gatekeeping by providing accessibility and transparency using information systems has been outnumbered by classical forces of gate-keeping.

This report examines the relationship between gender and the Heads of Department group’s
leadership practices at Copenhagen Business School. This research project is one of the
initiatives of the action plan developed by the Diversity and Inclusion Council at this university.
Its aim is two fold. First, it examines the following aspects in relation to gender: 1) Management
practices in recruitment and promotion (with a special focus on scouting and nudging); 2)
Management practices in establishing and maintaining good work cultures and attractive
research environments; 3) Best practices and guidelines for the promotion of diversity and
equality, including suggestions for avoiding unconscious bias. Second, this initiative aims to
stimulate self-reflexivity and open dialogue on the topic of gender and talent development
among CBS’s management groups and between these groups and the Diversity and Inclusion
Council (CDI).

Economists and other social scientists typically rely on gender differences in
the family-career balance, discrimination, and ability to explain gender gaps in wages
and in the prospect for advancement. A new explanation that has recently surfaced in the
economics literature is that men are more competitively inclined than women, and having
a successful career requires competitiveness. A natural question revolves around the
underlying determinants of these documented competitive differences: are women
simply born less competitive, or do they become so through the process of socialization?
To shed light on this issue, we compare the competitiveness of children in matrilineal and
patriarchal societies to show that the difference starts around puberty. Moreover, most of
the changes during this period of life are within the patriarchal society, in which
boys become more competitive with age while girls become less competitive.

Filer i denne post: 1

In this paper, we investigate the sorting of workers in rms to understand gender gaps in labor market outcomes. Using Danish employer-employee matched data, we find strong evidence of glass ceilings in certain firms, especially after motherhood, preventing women from climbing the career ladder and causing the most productive female workers to seek better jobs in more female-friendly firms in which they can pursue small career advancements. Nonetheless, gender differences in promotion persist and are found to be similar in all firms when we focus on large career advancements. These results provide evidence of the sticky floor hypothesis, which, together with the costs associated with changing employer, generates persistent gender gaps.

The exponentially growing production of data enables global connectivity as well as increased
openness and sharing, which turn into a powerful force that is changing the global economy and
society. Governments around the world have become active participants in this evolution by opening
up their data for access and re-use by public and private agents alike. The recent phenomenon of
Open Government Data (OGD) has spread around the world, driven by the proposition that opening
government data has the ability to generate both economic and social value. However, a review of the
academic research and the popular press reveals only sporadic attention given to various aspects with
no overarching framework that explains how OGD generates value. We apply a critical realist
approach to uncover the generative mechanisms that serve to explain this relationship. First, we
present a strategic framework with four archetypical generative mechanisms. The framework outlines
the different pathways to value generation and highlights the current tension between the
private/public and economic/social domains. Second, we offer a conceptual model that provides a
systematic way of articulating and examining further the generation of value from OGD.

Filer i denne post: 1

This thesis focuses on the production of travel guidebooks. Its aim is to explore the mutual coconstruction
and entanglement of genres, producers and institutions in cultural production and
cultural work. It also examines how authorial and institutional, professional and industrial selfreflexivity
exists in and through ambiguous and shifting interrelations with genres and their
poetics. To this end, it develops a preliminary theoretical framework for a comprehensive
exploration of the complex dynamics of cultural production that is attentive to the cultural objects
themselves: here, a down-market, ‘uninventive’ and ‘heteronomous’ genre known as the travel
guide(book). The thesis argues that the specificity of the genre is continually contextualized and
re-contextualized, qualified and re-qualified, commodified and rendered autonomous, in the daily,
local, and intimate practices of guide-making.
The argument presented is that the genre is not merely a backdrop for creative agency or a predetermined
set of rules, but a complex entity – spatially and temporally dispersed – that affords
autonomous opportunities for various modes of action, self-definition, and self-interpretation.
Thus, genres are active elements or animating forces of cultural production, rather than merely
outcomes of industrial dynamics. What arises from the empirical material is that cultural
producers experience ‘autonomy’ in and through the notion of genre which itself is fuzzy, vague,
tacit, implicit and often non-formalized. Nonetheless, it is obdurately present in a spectrum of
strategies, rhetoric, a sense of responsibility, expertise and professionalism applied by such
producers in order to explain, define and justify their practical decisions and evaluations.
The first three chapters explore perceived limitations of sociological, anthropological and sociocultural
paradigms of cultural production. They also indicate some potential areas for crossfertilization
with genre theory, which has conceptualized the notion of genre as social action,
cognitive action-schemata, and institutions that mediate between industry, producers, and
audiences. The last four chapters follow and trace interpenetrating and interlocking relations
between genres and institutions firstly, as they mutually and historically co-produce each other in
industrial practice; secondly, as entangled in individual and professional auto-biographies with
reference to the genre and its adjacent markets; and third, as embedded in actual production
practices - how guidebook producers make use of and interact with the editorial brief (or
institutionalized and contractually binding genre specificity) and independent genre trajectories
(autonomous logic), while making daily evaluations of their work and their own professional selfreflexivity.

There is a widely held view that a lack of, “…customer understanding,” is one of the
main reasons for product failure (Eliashberg et al., 1997, p. 219). This is despite the
fact that new product development (NPD) is a crucial business process for many
companies. The importance of integrating the voice of the customer (VoC) through
market research is well documented (Davis, 1993; Mullins and Sutherland, 1998;
Cooper et al., 2002; Flint, 2002; Davilla et al., 2006; Cooper and Edgett, 2008;
Cooper and Dreher, 2010; Goffin and Mitchell, 2010).
However, not all research methods are well received, for example there are
studies that have strongly criticized focus groups, interviews and surveys (e.g.
Ulwick, 2002; Goffin et al, 2010; Sandberg, 2002). In particular, a point is made that,
“…traditional market research and development approaches proved to be particularly
ill-suited to breakthrough products” (Deszca et al, 2010, p613). Therefore, in
situations where traditional techniques—interviews and focus groups—are
ineffective, the question is which market research techniques are appropriate,
particularly for developing breakthrough products? To investigate this, an attempt was
made to access the knowledge of market research practitioners from agencies with a
reputation for their work on breakthrough NPD. We were surprised to find that this
research had not been conducted previously.
In order to make it possible for the sample of 24 market research experts
identified for this study to share their knowledge, repertory grid technique was used.
This psychology based method particularly seeks out tacit knowledge by using indepth
interviews. In this case the interviews were conducted with professionals from
leading market research agencies in two countries. The resulting data provided two
unique insights: they highlighted the attributes of market research methods which
made them effective at identifying customers’ needs and they showed how different
methods were perceived against these attributes.
This article starts with a review of the literature on different methods for
conducting market research to identify customer needs. The conclusions from the
literature are then used to define the research question. We explain our choice of
methodology, including the data collection and analysis approach. Next the key
results are presented. Finally, the discussion section identifies the key insights,
clarifies the limitations of the research, suggests areas for future research, and draws
implications for managers.
We conclude that existing research is not aligned with regard to which
methods (or combination of methods) are best suited to the various stages of the NPD
process. We have set out the challenges and our own intended work in this regard in
our section on ‘further research’. Also, the existing literature does not explicitly seek
the perceptions of practitioner experts based in market research agencies. This we
have started to address, and we acknowledge that further work is required.
Although our research in ongoing, it has already yielded the first view of a
model of the perceptions of 24 expert market researchers in the UK and Denmark.
Based on the explanation of these experts, the model situates a derived set of
categories in a manner that reflects the way in which they are inter-linked. We believe
that our model begins to deal with the gaps and anomalies in the existing research into
VoC methods.

Filer i denne post: 1

Many formulations of contemporary globalization suggest that citizenship is being radically transformed by processes of transnationalism. And the business world is reacting to this sense of change by firms claiming to be ‘global corporate citizens’. But what exactly does global corporate citizenship mean and what are its implications? In this paper a preliminary response is made to these questions by situating corporate citizenship within the wider framework of constitutional debates about private economic law and the juridicalization of the international sphere more generally. The paper poses the issue of whether there is a quasi-constitutionalization of the international corporate sphere underway and the possible governance consequences of this process.

Filer i denne post: 1

Over the past decade, European businesses have accelerated internationalization, expanding within and beyond Europe. I argue that a major driving force behind this push towards global presence is the restructuring of corporate diversification strategies, which in turn is a result of gradual changes in industry structure and the institutional environment in home markets as well as global markets. The strategic change converts diversified conglomerates to global specialists in narrower niche markets. It brings them in direct confrontation with a small number of key competitors operating worldwide. On this stage, key competitive advantages are gained by making best use of resources across the world, and by effective global integration of operations. Hence de-diversification and internationalization are opposite sides of the same coin: globalfocusing. The argument is developed based on inductive case research of the restructuring in two Danish manufacturing enterprises, and a review of overall trends in Danish businesses. On this basis, I analyze the economic and institutional forces driving this process, and suggest propositions for empirical testing. The paper points to consequences of liberalization, and is thus of high relevance for managers and policy makers in countries that are not yet as open as Denmark.

Filer i denne post: 1

Abstract: The growth of collaborative activity is greatly influenced by the process of globalisation. This paper focuses on the narrow area of collaborative R&D activity, and takes a ‘macro’ view of the effects of these developments. Globalisation has affected the need of firms to collaborate, in that firms now seek opportunities to cooperate, rather than identify situations where they can achieve majority control. The use of collaboration is particularly acute in capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive sectors. These are also the sectors where firms have expanded internationally fastest, as they need to compete in various markets simultaneously, but also to exploit and acquire assets and technology that may be specific to particular locations. The increasing similarity of technologies across countries and cross-fertilisation of technology between sectors, coupled with the increasing costs and risks associated with innovation has led firms to consider R&D alliances as a first-best option in many instances. This has important welfare implications and impinges directly on the industrial competitiveness of locations.

Filer i denne post: 1

This paper undertakes a brief evaluation of the trends in the internationalization of innovative
activities. We provide a taxonomy of R&D internationalization strategies, and discuss the main relevant theoretical and empirical issues, before discussing the centripetal and centrifugal forces underlying the nature and evolution of cross border innovation. We address the issue of
international technology partnering as a key strategy that is complementary to the
internationalisation of innovative activities through internal means, before raising important
policy dimensions and directions for future research that derive from these debates.
Key words: R&D internationalization, globalisation, multinationals, alliances, technology policy
JEL Codes: F23, O32