OF

74.
THIS school, which has for its object the instruction of soldiers,
having an
influence on, and being intimately connected with, the
instruction of
companies, on which depends that of the battalion, ought to be
establish­ed and
inculcated, with the utmost care and attention.

________________

Division
of theSchool of the Soldier.

75.The School of theSoldier shall
be divided into three parts.
The first will include all that ought to be taught without arms.

76.
The second will include the analysis of the manual exercise, and of the
loadings
and firings.

77.
The
third will comprehend the different steps, the principles of marching
to the
front and to a flank, alignments, wheelings and changes of direction.

79.
Each
lesson shall be followed by observation, demonstrating the utility of
the
principles, which shall have been prescribed. The instruc—

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER-PART 1.

ter
cannot study them too
much, nor be too particular in their application.

80.Commands shall be always animated and loud, in proportion to
the number of
recruits at exercise.

81.
There shall be two sorts of commands, viz. those of caution
and those of
execution.

82.
The words of caution, which are in these
regulations printed in italics,
must be distinctly pronounced ha a full voice, dwelling a little on the
last
syllable.

83.
The commands of execution
will be
distinguished by CAPITALS, and shall be pronounced with a firm, quick
tone.

84.
Those commands, the expression of which shall be separated by dashes,
will be
divided in pronouncing them.

85.
The Instructors will always explain what they teach, in few words,
clearly and
distinctly. They shall, themselves, always execute what they command,
in order
thus to exemplify the principle they are explaining. They will endeavor
to
accustom the recruit to assume the proper position. and will not place
him in
it till his want of comprehension shall oblige them so to
do.

_________________

_________________

PART
I.

86.
The
first part of the School of the Soldier shall be
taught to squads of
three or four men, when the number of instructers will permit: they
will be
placed in one rank, without arms, one pace from each other.

87.
(Pl. III. Fig. 1.) The heels
on time same line, as near each
other as the conformation of the man will permit; the feet forming with
each
other on angle something less than a right one, and turned out equally;
the
knees straight, but not stiff; the body perpendicular on the haunches,
and
Inclining a little forward; the shoulders kept back and falling
equally; the
arms hanging naturally; the elbows near the body; the palm of the hand
turned a
little to the front, the little finger back, and touching the seam of
the
pantaloons; the face well to the front; the chin a little drawn in,
with­out constraint;
and the eyes cast on the ground, at the distance of fifteen paces.

___________

Remarks
on the Position
of the Soldier.

(Omission.)

98.
The
instructer, having established the position, shall teach the
re­cruit the
motions of the head, to the right and left by the command,,

1.
Eyes—RIGHT. 2. FRONT.

99.
At the conclusion of the second part of the first command, the soldier
will
turn his head to the right, but not immediately, so that the corner of
the left
eye, nearest the nose, shall be in a line with the buttons of the coat,
his
eyes being fixed In the line of the eyes of the men of the rank he
stands in.

100.
At the second command, the head resumes its habitual position to the
front.

101.
The motion of Eyes—LEFT, will be executed by inverse means.

102.
The instructer small take care that the motion of the head may not
alter the
squareness of the shoulders, which might happen if the motion were too
sudden

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART I.

103.
When the instructer wishes the squad to rest, he will command,

REST.

104.
At this command, the soldier will not be required to maintain either
his
position or steadiness; but his heft heel shall not quit its place.

105.
The instructer, to make the squad resume its position, will
com­mand,

106.Attention.
2.
SQUAD.

106.
At the first
word, the soldier will fix his attention; at the second, he will resume
the
prescribed position and steadiness.

107.
In going through the
facings, from a halt, the left heel never quits the ground.

108.
To execute the
face to a flank, the instructer will command,

1. Squad.
2. Right
(or left)—FACE.

109.
ONE MOTION. At the second command, the recruits will turn on the left
heel,
and, at the same time, carry the right heel to the side of the left,
placing it
on the same line. This line will be exactly at right angles with that
previously occupied by the heels.

112.
To mako
a full face to the rear, the command will be,

1.
Squad. 2. About—FACE.

113.
FIRST MOTION. At the worth About, make a half face
to the right; slip
the right foot to the rear, the hollow opposite to, and full three
Inches from,
the heel; seize, at time same time, the cartridge-box by the corner
with the
right hand.

114.
SECOND MOTION. At the word FACE, turn on the two heels,
rais­ing a little the
toes, the hams straight, and face to the rear; bring, at the same time,
the
right hand to the side of the left, and let go the cartridge-box.

118.
To face to the left about, is deemed useless, as
the same front can
always be gained by facing to the right about.

119.
With firelocks, in the first motion of facing to the right about, each
man will
turn the firelock with the left hand, the lock to the front, and
re­place it at
the position of carry (or shoulder) arms, at the
instant of bring­ing
the right heel by the side of the left.

120.
The instructer will take great care that the motions in this lesson do
not
derange the position of the body, which ought to remain thrown
for­ward.
He will also, frequently, after the command Right (or
left)—FACE,
give the command,

FRONT.

121.
At
this, the squad shall face back to its proper front, by the left, if It
had
last faced to the right; and by the right, if it had last faced to the
left;
but a full face from the rear to the proper front shall be preceded by
the
command, About—FACE.

132.
The length of the ordinary step shall be twenty-eight inches, reckoning
from
heel to heel; and ninety of these paces shall be taken in a minute

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART I.

133.
The instructer, seeing the recruit confirmed in his position, shall
explain to
him the principles and mechanism of the step, by placing him-self three
or four
paces in front of, and facing the recruit, and by showing him, slowly,
the mode
of executing the step, thus exemplifying the principles he is
explaining. He
will command,

1.
Forward. 2. MARCH.

134.
(Pl. III. Fig. 2.) At the
first word, the recruit shall throw the
weight of the body on the right leg.

135.
At the second, he will smartly throw forward the left foot
twenty-­eight
inches, without a jerk, the ham straight, the toes pointing a little
downwards,
and, as well as the knee, turned slightly out. He will, at the same
time, throw
forward the weight of the body, und, without stamping will plant the
foot flat,
precisely at the distance prescribed from the right toe, the whole
weight of
the body resting on the foot which comes to the ground. The recruit
shall,
smartly, but without a jerk, pass the right foot to the front, near the
ground,
and will plant it at the same distance, and in the same manner, as has
been
explained for the left foot. He will march in this manner, keeping the
shoulders square, and the head direct to the front.

138.
When the instructer wishes the squad to halt, he will command,

1.
Squad. 2. HALT.

137.
At the second word, let the rear foot be brought up to the side of the
other.

______________

Remarks
on the Principles
of the Step.

(Omission.)

146.The instructer will explain to the recruit, occasionally, the
cadence the
step, by giving the words one and two, when
the feet ought to be
respectively planted on the ground, observing that ninety cadenced
steps are
taken in a minute.

149.
(Pl. 11. Fig. 1.) The recruit
being steady in his rank, the
instructer will make him step off with the right toot, to the right and
front,
ob­liquely, and shall make him plant it twenty-six inches from
the left ; ob­serving
to make him turn the point of the right foot a little inwards, to
prevent the
throwing forward the left shoulder. The recruit will rest in this
position.

150.
At the word two, by the instructer, the recruit
shall advance his left
foot over the shortest line, and plant it eighteen inches In front of
the right
heel. He will rest in this position.

151.
He will continue to mare h lath is manner, at the words one and
two, stopping
at each step, and paying the greatest attention to keeping the
shoulders
square, and the head direct to the front.

152.
The oblique step to time left shall be executed on the same
princi­ples, the
recruit stepping off with the left foot.

153.
After
some lessons of this kind, the recruit shall oblique to the right and
left,
without dwelling on the step, as follows.:

154.
The
recruit marching to the front, in common time, the instructer will
command,

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART II.

155.At the second word, which shall be given at the instant when
the left foot
is coming to the ground, the recruit shall commence the oblique step to
the
right, observing to conform to the above directions relative to the
execution
and length of the step, and squareness of the shoulders to the front
but
without stopping at each step. He will thus march on at the prescribed
rate of
ninety paces in a minute.

156.
Obliquing to the left shall be executed on the same principles; the
instructer
giving the word MARCH, at the instant when the right foot comes to the
ground.

157.
To resume the
march to the front, the iustructer will command,

1. Forward.
2.
MARCH.

158.
At
the second word, which shall be given when either foot is
com­ing to the
ground, the recruit shall resume the march to the front, and time
ordinary step
of twenty-eight inches.

____________________

Remarks
on the Oblique Step.

(Omitted.)

_____________________

General
Remarks on the
Direct and Oblique Steps.

162.
To ascertain whether the position of the body conform to the principles
prescribed; whether the step be regularly formed; and whether the
weight of the
body rest on the foot which is on the ground; the instructer shall
frequently
post himself from ten to twelve paces in front, facing the recruits. If
he do
not perceive the sole of the shoe, when they raise and plant the foot;
and if
he observe no waving of the upper part of the body, he may rest assured
that
the principles are properly observed.

163.
When the principles of the step are shown to three or four men at a
lime,
accurate dressing need not be required, as that might divide their
attention ;
besides, when they have acquired the habit of taking the cadenced step,
they
will have learnt the true means of preserving the alignment.

_____________________________

_____________________________

PART II.

Shouldered
Arms.

165.
The instructer shall not pass the recruits to this Second Part of the School
of the Soldier, until they are perfectly confirmed in the
position of the
body, and in the execution of the direct and oblique steps.

166. The
instructer shall then place four men in one rank, elbow to elbow, and
shall
instruct them to hold their arms, at a shoulder, as follows

161.
The recruit being placed, as directed in the first
lesson of the
First Part, the instructer will make him raise and turn up the left
hand,
without bending the wrist, the fore arm only acting. The instructer
will then
raise the musket perpendicularly, and place it as follows

(Pl.
lII.
Fig. 1.) The
musket in the left hand, the arm being a little bent; the elbow back,
and
joined to the body without pressure; the palm of the hand firmly
against the
exterior rounding of the butt; the exterior edge of the butt resting on
the
joints of the fingers next the palm; the heel of the butt resting
between the
first and second fingers; the thumb above, in front; the third and
little
fingers under the butt, which must be more or

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER-PART
II.

less
kept back, according
to the conformation of the recruit, in such manner that the firelock,
seen from
the front, may rest always perpendicular, and that the movement of the
thigh,
in marching, may not derange it in its perpendicular position; the
ramrod
against the hollow of the shoulder; the right arm hanging naturally, as
in No.
87.

________________

Remarks
on Shouldered
Arms.

(Omission.)

172.
The instructer, previously to proceeding to the second lesson, shall
make the
recruits, at shouldered arms, practise the motions of eyes
right, eyes left,
and also the facings to the right, to the left, and
to to the
right-about.

173.
This shall be taught to four men in a rank, elbow to elbow, and to the
same
afterwards in two files.

174.
The execution of each command shall be divided Into distinct
mo­tions, that the
recruit may the better understand its mechanism.

176.
At the last syllable of the command, the recruit shall execute the
first motion
smartly. At the words two and three, the other
motions shall be
executed. When the recruits shall know thoroughly the position of each
motion
of a command, they will be instructed how to execute the commands
without
dwelling on each motion separately; but they must ob­serve the
mechanism of the
motions, the better to confirm them in time use of the firelock.

176.
This
lesson shall be taught in the following order: —The
instructer will command,

Load
by twelve commands.

1.
LOAD.

177.
FIRST
MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 3.)
Half face to the right, on the left
heel, placing at the same time the right foot square behind the left
heel, the
hollow of the foot resting against that heel; turn the firelock, with
the left
hand, the lock outwards, at the same time seizing the small of the
stock with
the right hand, the firelock being detached from the shoulder, and
supported
perpendicularly on the palm of the left hand re­maining under
the butt.

178.
SECOND MOTION. With the right hand bring down the firelock into the
left, which
receives It at the swell, the thumb extended, the butt under the right
fore
arm, the small resting against the body under the right breast; the
muzzle as
high as the eyes; the guard turned a little outward, the left elbow
supported
on the side of the haunch; the thumb of the right hand will be placed
against
the hammer above the flint, at the mo­ment the firelock is
thrown into the left
hand; the four fingers of the right hand shut, the right fore arm along
time
butt.

2.
Open—PAN.

179.
ONE MOTION. Throw open the pan with the thumb of the right hand, the
left hand
holding the piece firmly; draw back the right elbow; carry the hand to
the
rear, passing it between the butt and body, and open the cartridge-box.

3.
Handle—CARTRIDGE.

180.
ONE MOTION.
Take the cartridge within the thumb and two first

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART II.

fingers;
place it between the teeth, the right hand passing between the body and
the
butt.

4.
Tear—CARTRIDGE.

181.
ONE MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 4.) Tear
the cartridge, holding it
near the opening; sink down the cartridge, holding it perpendicularly
against
the pan, the palm of time right hand turned towards the body, the right
elbow,
against the butt.

5.
PRIME.

182.
ONE MOTION. Sink forward the head, cast the eyes to the pan, filling it
with
powder; press close the top of the cartridge at the open­ing,
between the thumb
and fore-finger; raise the head, place the right hand behind the pan,
holding
the little and third finger firm against the back of the pan.

6. Shut—PAN.

183.
ONE
MOTION. Hold the firelock firm with the left hand; shut the
pan forcibly
with the two last fingers, holding always the cartridge
be­tween the thumb and
two fore-fingers; seize immediately the small of the stock with the two
last
fingers and palm of the right hand; the right wrist chose to the body,
the
elbow to the rear, and a little detached from the body.

7. Cast—ABOUT.

184.
FIRST
MOTION. With the right arm smartly stretched, without lowering the
right
shoulder, swing round the firelock to the left thigh, along which the
butt must
press strongly, turning, at the same time the ramrod towards the body,
opening
and letting the piece slip through the left hand as far as the middle
pipe, the
cock resting on the thumb of the right hand; face at time same time to
the
front, turning on the left heel, carrying the right foot forward, the
heel
resting against the hollow of the left.

185.
SECOND MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 5.)
Quit the firelock with the
right hand, sinking it with the left along and near the body, raising
at the
same time the right hand to the muzzle, holding the top of the
cartridge up;
let the butt fall to the ground gently, the left hand against the body,
under
the lowest coat button, the musket in contact with the left thigh, the
butt of
the ramrod opposite the centre of the body.

8.
Charge—CARTRIDGE.

186.
ONE MOTION. (Pl. lII. Fig. 5.) Glance the eye to
the muzzle of the
barrel; turn smartly the upper side of the right hand towards the body,
in
order to discharge the powder into the muzzle, raising the elbow as
high as the
wrist; shake the cartridge, and insect it in the barrel, and leave the
hand
reversed, the fingers closed without pressure.

9.
Draw—RAMMER.

187.
FIRST
MOTION. Lower smartly the right elbow, and seize the ramrod between the
thumb
and fore-finger bent, the other fingers closed; draw it smartly,
extending the
arm, the nails uppermost; seize it back­handed at the middle,
with the
fore-finger and thumb, the palm of the hand outwards; turn it quickly
between
the bayonet and the body, at the same time closing the fingers upon it;
the
ramrod of each man in the rear rank grazing the right shoulder of the
man in
his front; the ramrod par­allel to the bayonet, the arm
extended, the eyes
upward, the butt of the ramrod opposite the muzzle, without being
inserted.

183.
SECOND
MOTION. Insert the butt of the ramrod as low as the hand.

10.
Ram—CARTRIDGE.

188.
ONE MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 13.) Extend
the arm its whole length,
in raising the right hand to seize the ramrod with the thumb extended

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART
II.

and
the
fore-finger bent, the other fingers being closed; drive the ramrod
forcibly
into the barrel, ramming home twice; seize it again by the small end,
between
the thumb and fore-finger bent, the others closed, the right elbow
close to the
body.

11.Return—RAMROD.

190.
FIRST MOTION. As in the first motion of drawing ramrod, bring
the small
end of it opposite to the upper pipe, and hold it there without
en­tering it.

191.
SECOND MOTION. Introduce the small end into the pipe, and force it into
its
place; raise the right hand quickly, and place it, somewhat bent, on
the butt
of the ramrod, the palm downwards.

12.
Shoulder—ARMS.

192.
FIRST MOTION. (Pl. Ill, Fig. 1)
Raise the firelock with the left
hand, along the left side, the left hand as high as the shoulder, the
left
elbow resting on the firelock, keeping the barrel outwards; at the same
time
sink down the right hand, in order to seize the firelock at the small
of the
stock.

193.
SECOND MOTION. Raise the firelock with the right hand; let the left
hand fall,
to seize and support the butt, carrying back, at the same time, the
right heel
to the side of the left, and in the same alignment; support the
firelock
against, and at the heft shoulder with the right hand in the position
indicated
for shouldered arms; the right hand touching the small of the stock,
without
pressing against it.

194.
THIRD MOTION. Let the right hand fall smartly to the right thigh,
hanging
there, as already prescribed.

READY.

195.
FIRST MOTION.
As in the first motion of loading.

196.
SECOND MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 7.)
Bring the firelock with the
right hand before the middle of the body; place the left hand, with the
little
finger touching the feather-spring, and the thumb as high as the chin,
pointing
upwards along the wood of the stock, the S (or plate opposite to the
lock)
being turned almost towards the body, the ramrod towards the front; and
apply,
at the same time, the thumb of the right hand to the head of the cock,
the
fore-finger under, and against the guard, and the three other fingers
joined to
the first.

197.
THIRD MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 7.)
Sink down smartly the right
elbow, cocking at the same time, and seize the firelock at the small of
the
stock.

FIRE.

198.
ONE MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 9).) Sink
down smartly the muzzle of
the piece, slipping the left hand along the stock, as far its the
tailpipe;
apply the butt to the right shoulder; the muzzle a little below the
level of
the eye, the elbows kept lowered; shut the left eye; look along the
barrel with
the right eye; lower the head towards the butt in order to aim; and
place the
fore-finger on the trigger.

199.
(Pl. III. Fig. 10.) The men of
the rear rank will, at the same
time, step with the right foot eight inches to the right, towards the
left heel
of the man on their right, throwing the weight of the body on the right
leg

200.
That the soldier may be habituated to wait fur the word fire, the
instructer
shall frequently order arms to be recovered by the following command:

Recover—
ARMS.

201.
ONE
MOTION. (Pl. Ill.Fig 7.) Raise
the firelock smartly, and resume
the position of the third motion of ready.

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART II.

AIM.

202.
ONE MOTION. Done in
the same manner as in Nos. 108, 199.

FIRE.

203.
ONE MOTION Apply, with force, the first finger to the trigger, without
moving
the head, and remain in that position.

LOAD.

204.
ONE MOTION. Bring down the firelock smartly into the position of the
second
motion of load, except that the thumb, in lieu of
being placed against
the hammer, will, with the fore-finger bent, seize the top of the cock,
the
other fingers remaining shut. The men of the rear rank shall bring back
the
right foot behind the left, placing the hollow of that foot against the
left
heel.

205.
If, in this position, the Instructer wish to make the ranks re-load, he
will
command,

Half-cock—FIRELOCK.

205.
ONE MOTION. Raise the cock to the half-cock notch, taking care not to
cock it;
carry the right hand, between the butt and the body, to the cartridge
box, and
open it.

207.
When, instead of loading, the instructor wishes to shoulder arms, he
will
command,

Shoulder—ARMS.

208.
At the word Shoulder, the recruits will half-cock,
as has been ex­plained,
shut pan, and seize the firelock at the small of the stock. At the word
ARMs,
they will shoulder smartly, and front.

209.
The squad, being formed in a single rank, elbows touching, arms
shouldered,
will be taught to fire both as a front and second rank, kneeling, as in
a
square against cavalry. The kneeling position will be assumed at the
word
READY, as above, after the precautionary command,

Front
rank kneeling.

210.
FIRST MOTION. Turn the firelock, the lock outwards; seize it with the
right
hand at the small, as in the first motion of loading, and remain facing
to the
front, turning the point of the left hand a little inwards.

211.
SECOND MOTION. (Pl. Ill. Fig. 8.)
Throw the right foot smartly to
the rear, the heel raised, and the foot resting on the toes, bent;
kneel down
with the right knee ten or twelve inches in the rear, and about six
inches to
the right of the left heel, observing not to come down
sudden­ly; bring down
the firelock at the same time with the right hand, and seize it with
the left
at the swell; place the butt on the ground without shock, in front of
the right
thigh, so that the beak of the butt may be opposite to the left heel,
and, at
the same time, seize the cock between the thumb and fore-finger.

212.
THIRD MOTION. Cock the piece.

213.
At the subsequent command, LOAD, the men representing a front rank
shall,
without stooping forward, smartly spring up, keeping in, or back, the
right
shoulder, to avoid the firelocks of the rear rank.

Rear
rank kneeling.

214.
FIRST MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 11.)
As front rank kneeling.

215.
SECOND MOTION. As front rank kneeling, except that the right knee shall
be
placed about ten inches to the right of the left heel, or as far as
practicable
without constraint.

216. THIRD
MOTION. As front rank kneeling.

217.
At the command LOAD, after firing, spring up as a front rank, from the
kneeling
position, and place the feet as in No. 204.

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART II.

Present—ARMS.

218.
FIRST MOTION. The same as the first motion of load, except that the
recruits
remain square to the front.

219.
SECOND MOTION. (Pl. IV. Fig. 1.)
Complete the turning in­wards of
the firelock, with the right hand, in order to carry it perpendicularly
opposite to the left eye, the ramrod in front, and the cock as high as
the
lowest coat button, holding the firelock with the right hand, under and
against
the guard; seize it smartly, at the same time, with the left hand above
the
lock, the little finger touching the feather-spring, the thumb extended
along
the barrel, and against the stock, the fore arm joined to the body,
without
constraint, and remain fronted, without moving the feet.

Shoulder—ARMS.

220.
FIRST MOTION. Turn the firelock with the right hand, barrel outwards;
raise,
and place it against the left shoulder with the right hand; let fall
the left
hand under the butt, the right hand held easy against the small of the
stock.

221.
SECOND MOTION. Let the right hand fall smartly to its position.

Order—ARMS.

222.
FIRST MOTION. Sink down smartly the firelock to the full
ex­tent of the left
arm, seizing it, at the same time, with the right hand, above, and near
the
tall-pipe; quit it with the left hand, and carry it oppo­site
to the right
shoulder, the ramrod In front, the little finger behind the barrel, the
butt
three inches from the ground, the right hand supported against the
haunch, the
firelock perpendicular, and the left hand hanging freely by the side.

223.
SECOND MOTION. Let the firelock slip through the hand, and fall easy to
the
ground, assuming the position about to be described.

Position
of Ordered Arms.

224.
(Pl. IV. Fig. 2.) The hand
must be sunk how; the barrel between
the thumb and fore-finger extended along the stock; the other three
fin­gers
extended and joined; the muzzle about two inches from the right
shoulder; the
ramrod in front; the beak (that is, in this position, the front) of the
butt in
a line with the toes, and the barrel perpendicular. If the ground be
muddy, the
butt may rest on the right foot.

Shoulder—ARMS.

225.
FIRST MOTION, Raise smartly the firelock with the right hand; carry it
to the
left shoulder, turning the barrel to the front; place, at the same
time, the
left hand under the butt, and slip the right hand down to the lock, the
little
finger resting against the hammer.

228.
SECOND MOTION. Let the right hand fall smartly to its position.

227.
When the lnstructer wishes the recruits to stand at ease, he will
command,

1.Order—ARMS.
2. REST.

228.
At this command, the soldier will only be required not to
move his left
foot, nor to displace the heel of his firelock.

229.
To resume the position of steadiness with ordered arms, the
Instruc­t
will command,

1.
Attention.
2.SQUAD.

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART II.

Inspection
of Arms.

231.
The recruits being at ordered arms, the instructer
will command.

Inspection—ARMS.

232.
ONE MOTION. Face once and a half to the right, on the left heel,
carrying the
right foot perpendicularly to the rear of the alignment six inches
from, and
forming a right angle with, the line of the left; seize the firelock
smartly,
with the left hand raised to the level of the lowest button of the
waistcoat,
inclining the muzzle to the rear, without moving the butt from its
place, the
ramrod turned towards the body; carry, at the same time, the right hand
to the
bayonet, seizing It by the socket and shank, in such a manner, that the
extremity of the socket may be an inch above the hand, and that, in
drawing it,
the thumb may extend on the hand; draw it from the scabbard, carry it
to the
muzzle of the firelock, and fix it there; immediately seize the ramrod,
drawing
it as has been prescribed; spring it into the barrel, and then face
back
immediately to the front, into the position of ordered arms, No.
224.

233.
(Pl. IV. Fig. 4
and 5) The instructer will then inspect
succes­sively the firelock of each soldier, passing in front of
the rank. Each
sol­dier, as the instructer passes him, will raise his firelock
smartly with
the right hand, seize it with the left hand between the tail-pipe and
feather­-spring,
the lock outwards, the left hand as high as the chin, the firelock
opposite the
left eye; the instructer shall take it with his right hand at the
small, and,
after having inspected it, shall return it to the soldier, who will
receive it
back within the left hand, half-cock and shut pan, if necessary. and
resume the
position of ordered arms.

234.
When the instructer has passed the recruit, he will return
his ram­rod,
resuming the position of ordered arms.

235.
If, instead of inspecting arms, bayonets are only to be fixed, the
in­structer
will command,

Fix—BAYONETS.

236.
Perform the motion of inspect arms, except
springing the ram­rod into
the barrel, amid immediately face to the front.

237.
If, after firing, with bayonets fixed, the instructor wish to determine
whether
the cartridges have been discharged, he will command,

Spring—RAMRODS.

238.
ONE MOTION. Put the ramrod into the barrel, as has been
pre­scribed above, and
immediately face to the front. The recruits shall re­turn
ramrods successively,
after the inspector has passed them, resum­ing the original
front.

239.
The soldier, in this case, will not raise up his firelock, in
order to
present it to the instructer when he passes him. If the instructer wish
to
satisfy himself whether the firelock be loaded, he can take hold of the
small
end of the ramrod, and spring it in the barrel.

240.
Bayonets being fixed and shouldered, if the instructer wish arms to be
piled,
he will command,

L
Front rankone pace forward. 2.
MARCH. 3. About—FACE.

241.
At time word MARCH, the front rank will march one pace to the front,
and, at
time word FACE, will face to the right about, as already
de­scribed. The
instructer will then command,

1.
Squad. 2. Trail—ARMS. 3.
PILE—ARMS.

242.
At the second command, both ranks will trail arms as in Nos. 276, 277.

243.
The firelocks of every two contiguous files will be considered as
number one,
two, three, four , the front rank firelocks having
the odd, and

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART II.

the
second rank firelocks
the even numbers, and beginning on the right of both ranks

244.
At the last command, butt No. 2 is advanced about a foot in the
direction of
No. 3, the muzzle inclined towards No. 3, with the barrel
to­wards the left of
the line. At the same time, the butt of No. 3 is advanced in like
manner to
meet No 2, the lock towards the right of the line. The shanks
of the bayonets
are crossed at right angles, that of No. 3 upper­most. In the
meantime, the
butt of No. 4 is moved about a foot to the right of the line, the
barrel to the
right, when the shank of the bayonet will cross the shanks of Nos. 2
and 3,
diagonally. Butt No. 1 is moved towards the centre; the barrel to the
front;
the blade of the bayonet passing between the blades of Nos. 2and 4, and
locking
around the former. Each man will then bring back the butt of has
firelock, near
to his right foot.

245.
When the squad is re-assembling for the purpose of resuming arms, the
men will
arrange themselves as they stood when piling arms; every man placing
his right
hand on his firelock without moving it. The in­structer will
then command,

1.
Squad. 2.
Take—ARMS.3. Shoulder—ARMS.

246.
At the second command, all the men will at the same time gently raise
their
firelocks, and bring the butts together, when each will dis-engage his
firelock, and assume the position of ordered arms. At the third
command, the
squad will shoulder arms.

247.
The instructer
will then command,

1.
Front rank. 2.
About—FACE.

248.
At
the second command, the front rank will face to the right about, as
already
described.

249.
The instructer
will then close and dress the ranks.

250.nnThe
sergeants will pile their firelocks together, on the line of the rank
of
file-closers, opposite the centre of the squad, after the arms of the
rank and
file are piled, and will resume them as soon as the squad is
re-as­sembled.

Support—ARMS.

251.
FIRST MOTION. (Pl. IV. Fig. 3)
Grasp smartly the firelock about
four inches below the lock, without turning it. and raise it a little.

252.
SECOND MOTION. Quit the butt with the left hand, placing the left
fore-arm
extended across the breast, supporting the cock; the hand on the right
breast.

233. THIRD MOTION.
Let the right hand fall smartly to its position.

Carry—ARMS.

254. FIRST MOTION. With
the right hand grasp
smartly the small of the stock.

255.
SECOND MOTION. Place the heft hand smartly under the butt.

236.
THIRD
MOTION. Let the right band drop smartly to the right side, and, at the
same
time, sink the firelock to the position of shouldered arms.

Ease—ARMS.

237. ONE
MOTION. Carry the firelock sloped indifferently on either shoulder, or
with
either hand; the muzzle always well up.

Carry—ARMS.

268.
At this command, the soldiers will quickly resume the habitual position
of
shouldered arms.

Unfix—BAYONET.

259.
FIRST MOTION. Sink
down the firelock by extending the lefl arm; grasp it, at the same
time, with
the right hand above, and near the swell, as in the first motion of order
arms.

260.
SECOND MOTION. With
the, right hand lower the firelock along the left thigh to the ground;
seize it
with the left hand above the right, in

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART II.

order
to assume the position of the second motion of cast about, but without
placing
the right heel before the hollow of the left foot; strike off the
bay­onet with
the right hand, returning it into the scabbard under the left arm,
leaving the
right hand near the socket.

261.
THIRD MOTION. Raise the firelock with the left hand, seize it at the
small with
the right, resuming the position of shouldered arms.

Secure—ARMS.

262.
FIRST MOTION. Grasp smartly the firelock with the right hand, the thumb
against
the S, and the forefinger against the cock; detach, at the same time,
the
firelock from the shoulder, keeping the barrel outwards; seize the
firelock at
the swell, with the left hand, the thumb extended along the ramrod, the
firelock perpendicular, opposite the shoulder, the left elbow pressing
on the
firelock.

263.
SECOND MOTION. (Pl. IV. Fig. 6.)
Bring down the muzzle of the
firelock, the lock under the left arm, the left hand remaining at the
swell,
the thumb pressing against the ramrod, to prevent its sliding out, the
right
hand falling, at the same time, into its position.

Shoulder—ARMS.

264.
FIRST MOTION. Raise the firelock, but not too suddenly, lest the ramrod
should
escape from its pipes; seize it with the right hand, at the small, to
support
it against the shoulder; at the same time, quit the firelock with the
left
hand, placing it smartly under the butt.

265.SECOND MOTION. Let the right hand fall quickly into its
posi­tion, sinking,
at the same time, the firelock with the left hand, to the proper
position of
shouldered arms.

Fix—BAYONET.

266.
FIRST MOTION. As in the first motion of unfix bayonet.

267.
SECOND MOTION. As the second motion of unfix
bayonet, exc­ept
that the right hand will seize the socket of the bayonet, as prescribed
in inspection
of Arms, No. 232, in order to draw it from the scabbard, and
carry it
smartly to the muzzle; the right hand remaining at the shank of the
bayonet.

263.
THIRD MOTION. Shoulder arms, as explained in the third motion of unfix
bayonet.

Arms—PORT.

269.
ONE MOTION. (Pl. IV. Fig. 7.)
At one motion, throw the firelock
from the shoulder across the body, (meeting it smartly with both hands
at the
same instant,) to a diagonal position, in which the lock is to be
turned to the
front, and at the height of the breast; the muzzle slanting upward, so
that the
barrel may cross opposite the point of the left shoulder, with the butt
proportionally. The right hand grasps the small of the butt, and the
left holds
the piece at the swell, close to the lower pipe, the thumbs of both
hands
pointing towards the muzzle; both elbows close to the body, the fingers
of the
left hand between the stock and barrel.

Shoulder—ARMS.

270.
FIRST MOTION. Bring the firelock smartly to the left shoulder, placing
the left
hand under the butt.

271.
SECOND MOTION. Drop the right hand smartly to its position
on the right
side.

Charge—BAYONET.

272.
FIRST MOTION. (Pl. III. Fig. 3.)
As the first motion of load, grasping
the firelock two inches below the cock.

273.
SECOND MOTION. (Pl. IV. Fig. 8.)
Bring down the firelock with the
right hand Into the left, which seizes it a little above the swell, the
barrel
uppermost, the left elbow near the body, the right hand against the
right
haunch, the point of the bayonet as high as the eye. The men

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART II.

in
the rear rank will
take care to avoid touching the men, who are in front of them, with
their
bayonets.

Shoulder—ARMS.

274. FIRST
MOTION. Turn to the front on the left heel; bring up the right heel to
the side
of, and in a line with, the left; and spring up at the same time, the
firelock
with the right hand to the left shoulder, placing the left hand under
the butt.

275.
SECOND MOTION,
Let the right hand fall smartly to its place.

Trail—ARMS.

276.
FIRST MOTION. (Pl. IV. Fig. 9.) The
first motion of order
arms, No. 222.

277.
SECOND MOTION. Incline forward a little the muzzle of the fire-lock,
the butt
towards the rear, and about three inches from the ground. The right
hand,
against the haunch, will steady the firelock in such manner, that the
bayonets
of the men of the rear rank will not touch the men in front.

Shoulder—ARMS.

278.
At the word Shoulder, raise the
firelock perpendicular in the
right hand. At the word ARMS, execute what has been prescribed for
shouldering,
from ordered arms.

281.
Its object is to enable the soldier to distinguish the motions, which,
should
be rapidly executed, from those executed with more regularity and
attention;
such as those of prime, charge cartridge, and ramcartridge. It
will therefore be divided into four principal divisions, as follows:

282.
The first will be executed at the command LOAD; the three others, at
the
commands TWO, THREE and FOUR.

288.
The
instructer will next teach the recruit to load in quickest
time, which
shall be executed the same as loading in quick time, but
continued and
without pauses. The instructer will command,

Load
in quickest time.

LOAD.

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART II.

Remarks
on the Loadings.

(Omitted.)

­­­­­­­­­­­­________________________

________________________

LESSON
IV.

Firings.

291.
These are either direct or oblique, and will be executed as will be
explained.

__________________

Direct
Firings.

292.
The
instructer will give the following commands:

1. Squad.
2.
READY. 3. AIM. 4. FIRE. 5. LOAD.

293.
(Pl. II. Fig. 2.) These
several commands shall be executed as has
been already prescribed.

294.
At the second command, the men will assume the indicated
posi­tion, according
to the rank in which they are respectively placed: at the fifth
command, they
shall load and shoulder arms.

__________________

Oblique
Firings.

295.
Oblique firings are executed to the right and left, by the same
commands as the
direct fires, with this difference, that the command AIM shall be
preceded by
the caution Right (or left) oblique; at
which caution the men of
the rear rank will fix their eyes on the interval through which they
are to
aim.

___________________

Position
of the Ranks in the Oblique Firings to
the Right.

296.
At
the word READY, both ranks will execute what has been prescribed for
the direct
fire.

297.
At the word AIM, the front rank man will direct his firelock to the
right,
inclining the left knee inwards, without moving the feet.

298.
The
rear rank man will advance the left foot about six inches, and towards
the toe
of the right foot of the front rank man of his file, advancing also the
body,
bending the left knee a little, and will direct his firelock to the
right.

299.
Both ranks will throw back the right shoulder.

300.
At
the word LOAD, both ranks will resume the position prescribed for the
direct
fire. The rear rank men will bring back the left foot, and place the
heel
against the hollow of the right, bringing down the firelock to the
above
position.

Position
of the Ranks in the Oblique Firings to
the Left.

301.
At the word READY, both ranks will execute what has been
pre­scribed for lhe
direct fire.

302.
At time word AIM, the front rank man will direct his firelock to the
left,
inclining the left knee, without moving the feet.

303.
The rear rank man
shall advance the left foot about six inches, and towards the right
heel of the
front rank man on the left of his file; and shall also advance the
upper part
of the body, bending the left knee, and aim through the interval to the
left of
the front rank man of his file.

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART II.

304.
Both ranks shall throw back the left shoulder.

305.
At the word LOAD, both ranks shall draw back their firelocks, in the
oblique
position, in which they range., and shall prime in that position. The
rear rank
shall carry back the left foot, placing the heel against the hollow of
the
right; and, in casting about, both ranks shall take the same position
as in the
direct fire.

_________________

Remarks
on the Oblique
Firings.

(Omitted.)

_________________

Firing
by File.

310.
The instructer will command,

1.
Fire by file. 2. Squad. 3.
READY. 4. Commence—FIRING.

311.
At the third command, both ranks will take the position prescribed in
the
direct and oblique firings.

312.
At
the fourth command, the men of the right file will aim and fire
together; the
next file will aim at the instant when the first has fired, and so on
successively to the left; after the first fire, every man will load and
fire
without waiting for the others.

313.
The
men shall always front in casting about the firelock, and, after having
loaded,
they will assume the position indicated, No. 197. For this purpose,
each
soldier, after returning his ramrod, shall spring up his firelock with
the left
hand, letting it slip through that hand, which seizes it near the
feather-spring, at the height of the chin; at the same time, he will
half face
to the right, in order to return to the prescribed position; place the
thumb of
the right hand on the head of the cock, in order to cock it, the little
finger
under and against the guard.

314.
When the instructer wishes the firing to cease, he will command,

RUFFLE.

315.
At this command, the soldiers will cease firing. Each man will
half-cock, if
cocked; will load, if unloaded; and, if loading, will complete the
operation,
and shoulder arms.

_______________

General
Remarks on the
Firings.

316.
The firings shall be executed at first without cartridges, next with
priming
only, and afterwards with blank cartridges.

317.
During the firings, it shall be required of the soldier to be attentive
in
observing, when he half-cocks, whether smoke proceeds out of the vent,
which is
a sure Indication that the piece has gone off. If the smoke do not
appear, the
soldier, In lieu of reloading, will prick the vent, and prime a second
time. If
the soldier, thinking he has fired, has loaded again, he ought to
discover his
mistake in ramming home, by the length, of the charge; and he would be
very
culpable were he to load a third time.

313.
The instructer will inspect the arms, in order to ascertain whether the
soldier
has committed the fault of charging his firelock with two or more
cartridges.

319.
The instructer ought also to watch particularly that the soldier, in
half-cocking, does not cock, a fault from which accidents might result.
He will
further impress the recruits with the importance of having the flint
always in
good firing order.

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART II.

General
Remarks on the Second Part of the School
of the Soldier.

320.
After some days of practice of the lesson relative to the use of arms,
and
after the recruits are confirmed in the position of shouldered arms,
the
lnstructer will terminate the lesson, by making the four recruits march
for
some time In one rank, at the distance of one pace from each other, in
or­der
to confirm them more and more in the mechanism of the direct and
oblique steps.
He will show them the mode of marking time, as fol­lows:

_______________

To
Mark Time.

321.
The four recruits, marching with the ordinary step, shall receive the
command,

1.
Mark time. 2. MARCH.

322.
At
the second word, which shall be given at the instant the foot is coming
to the
ground, time soldier shall make a semblance of marching, by bringing
back the
heels alternately to the side of each other, without
ad­vancing, observing the
cadence of the step.

323.
The instructer, wishing the ordinary step to be resumed, will command,

1.
Forward. 2. MARCH.

324.
At the second word, given as above, the recruit shall resume the step
of
twenty-eight inches.

____________________

To
Change Step.

335.
To the recruits, marching with the ordinary step, the instructer will
command,

1.
Change step. 2.
MARCH.

326.
At the second word, to be given when either foot is coming to the
ground, the
recruits shall quickly bring up the foot in the rear to the side of
that
planted in front, which latter foot will step off.

___________________

The
Side Step.

327.
The squad being at a halt, and aligned, the Instructer, to teach this
step,
will suppose an interval of six or eight common paces to be gained to
the right
or left, on a fixed point. For this purpose, he will command,

1.
Side step to
the right (or left.) 2. MARCH.

328.
At
the first command, each recruit will glance his eyes to the right; at
the
second, he will carry his right foot about ten inches to the right, (or
towards
the left foot of his right hand man,) and instantly bring up his left
foot, and
so on, the whole with perfect precision of time, shoulders
square to time
front, and each man halting in his own person, when he has closed on
the fixed
point, or the man next to him.

329.
The instructer will then order,

FRONT.

To
Step Short.

330.
The squad being on a march, the instructer, to teach this, will command,

1.
Stepshort.
2. MARCH.

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART III.

33l.
At
the second command, the foot advanced will finish its pace, and
afterwards each
recruit will step as far as the ball of his toe, and not
far­ther, until the
words Forward—MARCH, when
he will resume the ordi­nary step.

332.
WHEN the four recruits shall be well confirmed in the principles and
mechanism
of the step, the position of the body, and that of shouldered arms, the
instructer will unite from six to ten men, in order to instruct them in
the
principles of the touch of elbows, marching to the front and to a
flank; the
quick step, the back step, the principles of changes of
direc­tion, wheeling on
a movable and a halted pivot, and the principles of alignment.

333.
The instructer will place them in one rank, elbow to elbow, and command,

1.
Squad—forward. 2. Guide left (or
right.) 3. MARCH.

334.
At the word MARCH, the rank shall step off smartly within the left foot.

335.
The instructer will cause a well-instructed soldier to march two paces
in front
of the recruits, on the right or left of the rank, according to the
flank to
which the guide may be ordered.. He shall direct the soldier on the
flank to
march exactly in the trace of the man who precedes him, preserving the
distance
of two paces from him. This is the surest means of making the recruits
contract
the habit of taking the step of the prescribed length and cadence.

The
instructer will cause the following rules to be observed:

336.
Touch lightly the elbow towards the guide.

337.
Not to openout the left elbow, northe right arm.

333.
Yield to pressure from the side of the guide, and resist
that comingfrom the opposite side.

339.
Not to lap elbows.

340.
Not to swing the arms.

341.
Retouch,
insensibly, the elbow towards the guide, incase of
the opening of
files.

342.
Keep always the head direct to the front, the eyes cast on the
ground, about
fifteen paces to the front, on whatever flank the guide may be posted:

313.
If a recruit find himself too far advanced or behind, he will
grad­ually
resume his pace, by lengthening or shortening his step.

344.
Finally, the instructer shall endeavor to make the recruit
com­prehend,
that the alignment in marching cannot be preserved, without the
regularity of
the step, the touch of the elbow, and the squareness of the shoulders;
for
instance, that if some took longer steps, or marched quicker than
others, the
result must be a breaking of the rank; that if the head were not direct
to the
front, and the light touch of the elbow preserved, it would be
impossible for
them to judge whether they march in the same line with those on their
right and
left, and whether openings take place.

345.
The instructer shall next exercise them in obliquing to the right, with
the
guide on the left; and in obliquing to the left, with the guide on the
right.

*
Guideleft is here given merely as a caution to the rank,
that the touch of
the elbow ought to be to the left, that is that the rank will dressby
the Left.

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART III.

346. In
both the oblique and direct marches, the touch of the elbow ought to be
kept up
towards the guide; and thus each man will touch, lightly, the elbow of
the man
next to him on that side.

347.
The oblique march to the side opposite to the guide being much more
difficult
than that to the side he is on, the instructer will recom­mend
to the recruits
to redouble their attention when thus obliquing.

343.
When these various principles have become familiar to the recruits, and
they
are confirmed in the position of the body, the carrying of arms, the
mechanism,
length and cadence of the ordinary step, the instructer shall make the
them
pass from the ordinary to the quick step, and the reverse, as follows:

349.
The rank marching with the ordinary step, the instructer will command,

1.
Quick time. 2.
MARCH.

350.
At time word MARCH, given when either foot is coming to the ground, the
rank
will assume the quick step.

351.
The
length of the step shall be the same as that of the ordinary step; but
one
hundred and twenty of these steps must be taken in one minute.

352.Plummets, which vibrate the required times of
march in a minute, are
of great utility; they must be in possession of, and constantly
referred to, by
each instructer of a squad and the drum-major; the several lengths of
plummets
swinging the times of the different marches in a minute, are as follows:

353.
Commontime, ninety steps in a
minute.

Plummet,
seventeen inches and thirty-eight hundredths of an inch in length.

354.
Quick time, one hundred and twenty steps in a
minute.

Plummet,
nine inches and seventy-eight hundredths of an inch in length.

355.
A musket ball, suspended by a string not liable to stretch, and on
which are
marked the different required lengths, will answer the above purpose,
may be
easily procured, and should be frequently compared with an accurate
standard in
the adjutant’s possession. The length of the
plummet is to be measured
from the point of suspension to the centre of the ball.

356. With the
exception of the oblique step, the quick time is that which will
generally be
ordered in all interior movements of battalions, and other corps, as in
wheelings, filings, and successive formations gener­ally.

___________________

Remarks
on the Quick
Step.

357.
Marching in quick and common time will be
executed by the same
principles; but the impulse of quick time tending to produce excitement
in the
soldier, the instructer will pay particular attention that the cadence
of this
step, and the steadiness of the body, he preserved. The instructer will
cause
the recruits to mark time, change step, and step
short.

358.
When the instructer wishes time recruits to resume the ordinary step,
he will
command,

1. Common
time. 2
MARCH.

359.
At
the word MARCH, given when either foot is coming to the ground, the
rank shall
resume the ordinary step.

360. The instructer
shall cause the rank to halt, by the commands and means, Nos. 136, 137.

361. The rank
being halted, the instructer shall cause it to march backward, as
follows

1. Backward
2.
MARCH.

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART Ill.

362.
At the word MARCH, the recruit will step smartly to the rear with the
left
foot, planting it fourteen inches from the right, reckoning from heel
to heel,
and so on, till the word HALT is given, which shall be always preceded
by that
of Squad. The recruits will halt, at this command,
by bringing back the
foot in front to the side of the other.

363.
The instructer will take care that the recruits do not lean against
each other;
that they march straight backward; and that the proper position of the
body and
firelock be always preserved.

364.
The recruits being drawn up in one rank, elbow to elbow, the
in­structer will
command,

1.
Squad. 2. Right (or left)—FACE.
3. Forward—MARCH.

365.
At the second command, the recruits shall face to the right or left.

366.
At the word
MARCH, they shall step off quickly, with the left foot, and In common
time.

________________________

Remarks
on Marching by a
Flank.

367.
The instructer will place a well-instructed soldier by the side of the
heading
recruit, on the flank to which the rank has faced, in order to conduct
it, and
regulate its step; and it will be enjoined on the soldier who is on the
heading
flank, to touch the elbow of the man who is to direct him.

368.
At the word MARCH, the whole file will step off smartly together; first
with
the left foot, then the right, at the prescribed pace of twenty. eight
inches,
which will bring the foot last raised (except that of the file-leader)
on the
ground, about six inches in advance of the foot of the man immediately
in front.
In this way, only, can the original or facing distan­ces of the
men, in
file-marching, be preserved.

369.The Instructer will be careful to cause the men in file to
cover each other
accurately, and will see that they do not bend the knee, or look
downwards,
either of which would cause time loss of the lock-step and
cadence.

370.
The instructer, during the march, will place himself five or
six paces
in front, to see that the principles prescribed above are strictly
observed.

371.
He will also, sometimes, place himself’ in rear of the file,
and let it pass
him fifteen or twenty paces, to observe whether the recruits cover the
flle-leader exactly.

372. The
instructer, to cause the rank to wheel by file, to the right or left,
will
command,

1.
By file right (or left.) 2.
MARCH.

373.
At the second word, the leading man will turn to the right or left, and
then
march straight forward, each man turning successively on the same
ground.

374.
The instructer will cause the recruits, marching to the front, to face
to
the right and left, thus:

1.
By the right (or
left) Flank. 2. MARCH.

375.
At the second word, to be given a little before either foot comes to
the
ground, the recruits will turn the body, plant the foot that is raised,
in the
new direction, and step off with the other foot, without altering the
cadence
of the step.

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART Ill.

376.
When the instructer wishes to halt and front,
the rank marching
by the flank, he will command,

1. Squad.
2. HALT.
3. FRONT,

377.
At the second word, the rank marching In file will halt, and no man
will move,
even to rectify a false distance; this attention being
neces­sary to habituate
this soldier in the constant observance of his distance.

378.
At
the third word, each man will front, by facing to the left, if marching
by the
right flank; and by facing to the right, if marching by the left flank.

____________________

General
Remark on
Marching by a Flank.

379.When
the recruits have acquired ease and facility In marching by a flank,
the
instructer will repeat the lesson in quick time: the practice of this
will make
them sensible of the necessity of maintaining the lock­step, In
marching by a
flank, and of observing the cadence of the step, and the upright
position of
the body.

380.
The instructer will exercise the recruits in aligning themselves, one
by one,
that they may the better comprehend the principles of the alignment:
and, for
this purpose, he will order the two men on the right flank to step two
paces to
the front, and, having aligned them, he will caution each man,
successively, to
move up on the alignment of the two first.

381.
Each
recruit, on the caution from the instructer, to move up on the
alignment, will
turn his head and eyes to the right, to the position prescribed, No.
99; march
in the cadence of the ordinary step, two paces to the front; shortening
the
last step, so as to be six inches in rear of the new alignment. which
is never
to be passed. The recruit will steadily, and without jerking, move, in
short
steps, to the side of the man next to him in the new alignment, without
deranging
the position of his head, the line of his eyes, or the squareness of
his
shoulders, so as to find himself in the direction of this man, whose
elbow he
is lightly to touch, without open­ing out his own.

382.
Alignment to the left is executed on the same principles.

383.
When the recruits shall have learned thus, one by one, to align
correctly, the
instructer will cause the whole rank to align at once, by the following
command:

Right
(or left)—DRESS.

384.
At this word, the whole rank, except the two men previously placed as a
base of
alignment, shall steadily march up to, and place them­selves on
the new line,
according to the principles prescribed, No. 351.

385.
The intructer placed five or six paces in front of, and facing to the
rank,
shall carefully observe that the principles are adhered to; and, to
verify
this, he will proceed to the flank which has served for a base of
alignment.

386.
The
instructer, seeing nearly the whole of the rank aligned, will command,

FRONT.

337.
At this command, the recruits shall turn the head to the front, and
remain
steady.

333.
Should the instructer observe that some file, or files, be not
correctly
aligned, he will order, such file, (or files,) forward, (or
back,) desig­-

SCHOOL
OF THE SOLDIER—PART Ill.

nating
them by their
numbers. The flies designated, only, will cast the eyes towards the
side of the
alignment, in order to judge how far they should move up or back, and
will
steadily place themselves on the line, turning afterwards the head to
the
front.

389.
The instructer will previously number the files.

390.
Alignments to the rear are executed on time same principles: thus
recruits step
back a little beyond the line, and then move up to it. by small steps
to the
front, as prescribed. No. 381.

391.
The instructer will command,

Right
(or left)
backward—DRESS.

________________________

Remarks
on the Principles
of Alignment.

392.
The instructer shall inculcate the observance of the following
principles

393.
That the soldier steadily arrive on the line.

394.
That he do notbend the body back, or
the head forward.

395.
That
he turn the head the least possible, and only so as
to see the line of
the eyes.

396.
That he never pass beyond the line.

397.
That at the command FRONT, all movement
on the part of the soldier
cease, even though he may not be aligned.

398.
That, at
the command such file, (or such files,) forward, (or back.) those
not
designated do not move.

399.
That in
alignments to the rear, the soldiers pass a little beyond the line.

403.
In
wheels from a halt, the pivot man turns in his place, without advancing
or
receding; in wheeling from line into column, and from column into line,
he will
face as will be pointed out in the text, under those heads respectively.

404.
In
wheeling on a movable pivot, the pivot man takes steps of seven inches,
in
order to clear the wheeling point. This is necessary, in order that the
divisions of a column may be enabled to change direction without losing
their
distance, as will he explained, School ofthe
Company.

405.
In both cases, the man on the wheeling flank will always take steps of
twenty-eight inclines.

406.
The movement of right or left turn is
used only for changes of di­rection
in column to the side of the guide. Great care must be taken
not to confound
this movement with wheeling on a movable pivot.

__________________________________

To
Wheel on a halted Pivot.

407.
The instructer will place a well-instructed man on the wheeling flank,
to
conduct it, and will command,

1. Squad—right
wheel. 2.
MARCH.

* Division
is a general term, employed to signify any of those equal
parts, into which
the Battalion is broken, whether they are grand divisions, companies,
platoons
or sections.

The pivot,
or (as it is sometimes called) the proper pivot flank
of the
column, is that, by wheeling up to which, the divisions of the column
are
brought into line in their regular order, and to their proper front.
The other
is called the reverse flank.

The flank of a division, on which a
wheel is executed,
is, with reference to that particular wheel, termed the pivot,
although,
with reference to the column, it may be the reverse flank.

SCHOOL
OF THE
SOLDIER—PART III.

408. At
the second word, the soldiers will step off with the left foot, and
turn, at
the same time, the head a little to the left, their eyes fixed in the
direction
of those of the men who are on their left. The pivot man shall only
mark time,
conforming to the movement of the marching flank: the man who conducts
that
flank will march steps of twenty-eight inches; from the first step,
bring
forward the left shoulder a little, cast his eyes on the ground he is
to go
over, and, from time to time, along the rank; and he will always feel
the elbow
of the man next to him, but without press­ing him.

409.
The other soldiers must keep up the light touch of the elbow
to the side
towards the pivot, and resist all pressure, coming from the opposite
flunk,
each man proportioning his step to his distance from the pivot.

410.
The instructer shall make the rank describe a circle, once or twice,
before he
halts it, in order to render the principle understood; and he shall
carefully
see that the rank wheel straight, and do not open out from the centre,
or
break, or displace the pivot.

4th.
He
shall make the rank wheel to the left, on the same principles.

and
will command a halt as follows:

1. Squad.
2. HALT.

412.
At
the second word, the rank will halt, and no man will move until a
further
command.

413.
The instructer shall go to the flank opposite the pivot, and place the
two
outer men of that flank in the direction he chooses to give to the
rank,
leaving sufficient space between them and the pivot for the others to
place
themselves in, and command,

Left
(or right)—DRESS.

414.
At this command, the rank will place itself on the alignment of the two
men who
are to serve as a basis, conforming to the principles prescribed.

415.
The
instructer will then order, FRONT, which will be executed as
prescribed, No.
387.

______________________________

Remarks
on Wheeling on a
halted Pivot.

416.
Turn
the head a little towards the marching flank, and fix the eyes onthe
line of the eyes of the men who are towards that flank.

417.
Keep
up the light touch of the elbow towards the pivot.

418.
Resist a pressure coming from the marching flank.

To
Wheel on a Movable
Pivot.

419.
When the recruits wheel on a halted pivot, with accuracy, the rank will
be
taught to wheel on a movable pivot.

420.
For the purpose, In order to cause the rank on the march to change
direction on
the reverse flank, the instructer commands,

1. Right
(or Left)
wheel. 2. MARCH.

421.
The first command shall be given, when the rank is within two paces of
the
wheeling point.

422.
At the second word,
the wheel will be executed as on a halted pivot, except that the touch
of the
elbows will be towards the marching flank; that the pivot man, in lieu
of
turning in his place, shall conform to the movement or the marching
flank, feel
lightly the elbow of the man next to him, take steps of seven: inches,
gain
ground in advancing, and

SCHOOL
OF THE COMPANY.

move
on a part of the
circumference of a small circle, so as to clear the wheeling point, the
centre
of the rank curving a little towards the rear.

423.
The
wheel being effected, the instructer shall command,

1. Forward.
2.
MARCH.

424.
The first word will be pronounced two paces before the wheel is
finished.

425.
At the second, to be given at the instant the wheel is effected, the
man
directing the marching flank will move straight forward, and the pivot
man, with
the other men composing the rank, will resume the step of twenty-eight
inches,
directing the head to the front.

_________________________

To
Change Direction on
the Pivot Flank.

426.This
is effected by the following commands:

1. Left
(or right)
turn. 2. MARCH.

427.
The first word shall be given when the rank is within two paces of the
turning
point, as above.

428.
At the second word, to be given at time instant when the rank is to
commence
turning, the guide will turn to the left, (or right,) in marching. and,
without
changing the cadence, or without lengthening or shortening the step,
will move
forward in the new direction: the rest of the rank will quickly conform
to the
new direction of the guide; and, for this purpose, each man will
advance the shoulder
farthest from the guide, will turn the head and eyes to the flank the
guide is
on, touch the elbow of the next man towards the guide, placing himself
on the
same alignment with the guide, and then turn his head and eyes to the
front.
Each man arrives thus, successively, on the
alignment of the guide.

429.
The instructer, having taught the wheel on a fixed, and on a movable
pivot, in
common time, will next cause the squad to execute the same movements in
quick
time, giving the word quick before MARCH.

________________________________________________

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