Background Introduction: This is page 1 of 34.
Here, side-by-side, all 34 pages can be horizontally-scrolled as a single page. It is the entire model of a highly-integrated universe view which we call, Big Board – little universe. The vertically-scrolled chart was completed in February 2015. The very first chart based on just the Planck Length was done in December 2011..Here we continue the process of encapsulating everything, everywhere in the universe, throughout all time. Though this chart suggests that space-time-mass-energy-temperature are necessarily and inextricably related, the challenge of this model is to demonstrate how this is so..This work is quite at odds with the big bang theory (bbt), yet we believe every formula and relation defined and in some manner validated within the bbt history can also be found within our emerging model and view of the universe. To broaden its perspective, we will attempt to examine transitions between the finite-infinite, especially the role of pi, projective geometries, bifurcation theory, dimensionless constants, and number theory..Planck Temperature: Key concept [Footnote: The only footnote on this panel.] Planck Temperature has been moved to the top of the chart. One of the working assumptions of the project is that everything starts most simply and complexity comes later, and that space-and-time are finite, discrete, derivative and quantized. That logic obviously requires further discussion. Also, a bit like Zeno’s paradox, though infinitesimal, this temperature will never reach absolute zero Kelvin..This chart is still just a place holder, a rough, working draft. There are many functions that are not computing. The correspondence between Planck Length and Planck temperature will be an open question for a long time. More than just exponentiation, another factor will eventually be introduced to adjust this line of numbers..Key questions: What mathematics are at work? The simple answer is, “All mathematics are at work here. No formula is exempt. And, eventually every formula will be in some way tied back to this model.” Notwithstanding, here is our first, introductory post about numbers..Speed of Light: The simple calculation, divide Planck Length by Planck Time, renders 299,792,437.991081696 km/second. Within Notation #1, using just the units displayed above (6.4644/ , the result is 299,769,065.96 m/sec. These simple results, first posted on May 3, 2016, will be tweaked. Of course, the result of experimental measurement is 299,792,458 meters/second in a vacuum. Within Notation #3, is 1.29288 divided by 4.312928 which equals 299,768,509.931. There is much more to come!.A quiet expansion of the universe within just over 200 notations or doublings. Three questions open up this simple mathematical model of the universe:1. Could this model, a Quiet Expansion (QE) absorb most of the data within the big bang theory? If the QE indexes everything, everywhere, for all time, it surely can be applied to the first four epochs (the most-key elements) of the big bang theory (bbt). These epochs within the QE model amount to less than a trillionth-of-a-trillionth of a second. The bbt ignores Planck charge and it postulates, not just unique events in time, but so extreme, each would necessarily have to be the ultimate definition of reality..The challenge. Part of our challenge is to redefine the first four epochs of the big bang theory. Our goal is to map as much as possible within the bbt to QE using the most simple tools (line 11 above, Ontology/Number) within logic, mathematics, physics, and philosophy to re-establish a continuity and symmetry with all our knowledge that follows. We confess to our disdain for the inherent nihilism of the bbt and that we would welcome a time when the bbt becomes an historic artifact, From Lemaître to Hawking, and science seriously adopts the Planck base units as the boundary conditions and known parameters of the universe..2. The Qualitative.The QE model establishes a simple continuity equation from the first moment in time through the Age of the Universe (this day and this moment). These simple mathematical constructions began as geometrical constructions and symmetry groups. Mathematically the constructions become quite dynamic and some harmonic. It seems that continuity, symmetry and harmony could be the foundations for the qualitative, a natural value equation. These three forms and functions, order/continuity, relations/symmetries, and dynamics/harmonies, just may contain the many flavors of ethics, morals, and values. The experts can decide..3. How can we more fully understand the finite-infinite relation?
Here the finite-infinite relation is described as a study of perfection, moments of perfection, and the geometries and mathematics of imperfection. If the infinite is fundamentally defined as order-continuity, relations-symmetry, and dynamics-harmony, the finite is an analogue within discrete units of space and time currently understood as a result of, and known today through, the Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC) and the Standard Model Lagrangian..Consider the four epochs in question:Planck Epoch, renamed Planck Moment:The finite-infinite relation most intimately defines the first notation and is necessarily within all notations building from the first. An infinitesimal duration, it is the beginning that creates space and time and then extends within space and time much like the birthing process. As of today, the Planck base units are our simplest-deepest-best description of this moment. More….Grand Unification and the Electroweak Epochs renamed Processes: Based on the fact that entities and things require a necessary amount of space that only becomes available from the 67th notation and above, it is guessed that the first 60 to 66 notations are foundational to all notations. Using the analogy of the birthing process, all the forms-and-functions, then processes-and-procedures, and then relations-and-systems prior to the actual birthing event, are the first 60 or so notations. Here that finite-infinite relation creates the foundational order, the most basic relations, and many dynamical systems. Using the analogue of a birthing event will be further explored. Metaphors are a most fundamental educational tool grounded within homogeneity and isotropy..
We postulate that the Unification processes continue beyond the 67th notation as specific unification processes. A kind of de facto unification continues within all the ratios, even though there are now truly entitive manifestations which are most often best described by the big bang theorists..Electroweak processes: Now the heat requirements will determine when these processes begin to manifest and the measurements given by the big bang theorists can then be tweaked and integrated within the Quiet Expansion model. The analysis begins within the notational cluster from 133 to 138..There is an undeniable thrust for life. That thrust is the designated study of the Center for Science of Information, a consortium located at Purdue University comprised of many other universities including MIT, Stanford, and University of California Berkeley, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. There are still more questions about the source of this thrust than there are answers. In cosmology, that thrust has a special name; it’s called inflation..Questions: What is the deep source of that thrust? Is it deep within the finite-infinite relation? Is it the simple extension of power of 2, the doublings, the thrust of Planck energy? Are there analogous constructions between cellular division and inflation?.Reflections: We start with the infinitesimal amount of energy, the Planck charge. We learn more about that energy through the many working ratios between the Planck base units whereby order, relations, and dynamics evolve with a specific continuity and symmetry. This concept was initially put forth as a philosophical orientation to life, and then it was explored in a post about numbers called, On Constructing the Universe From Scratch (see pages 5 and 6)..Ontology (Initially, mathematics and logic and then Entitive Manifestations): Though not an active row until July 4, 2016, the nature of thingness has been part of our mindscape for many, many years going back to Martin Heidegger’s key question, What is a thing? Our first charts of the Big Board-little universe all focused on things determined by the multiple of the Planck Length. All the data from those earlier charts will be validated, then integrated within our horizontally-scrolled chart..
Another line for Epistemology and Cosmology may also be added in time..Help wanted: For every notation, we would like to have an expert and a team. Within this group of notations, we especially seek help from people who can help us re-create Max Planck’s thinking and the veracity of each formulation of the Planck base units..Can you help us? Our learning curve is rather steep here..Key words, primary concepts, and links to references for these ten notations:
1. Geometries: Projective, Euclidean, differential (Riemannian, Lie groups, etc), discrete and combinatorial, algebraic and transformational…
2. The Pre-Measureable Structure of Matter: Might we conclude that this Small-Scale Universe is the structure that holds things together? Is it a re-definition of the ether? Is it MIT Frank Wilczek’s grid?
3. Renormalization (Scale Invariance), Universality, isotropy, homogeneity: Is it possible that everything-everywhere in the universe shares the first 67 notations, and uniquely evolves with those characteristics given within the 67th to 134th notations, and then begins to manifest in each of the large-scale notations, unfolding uniquely in the 201st as “the given” within the current moment?.
Editor’s note: Can you help upgrade that last sentence? I’ll be profoundly grateful. -BEC.Finite-Infinite: Studied throughout the history of humanity, this model provides a basis for a thorough reexamination of the concepts, mathematics and principles that operate between the two. Already there are several posts that open these reflections: (1) What is finite? And, what is truly infinite? and (2) Finite-Infinite reflections..Design thoughts:
1. The areas above and below the numbers and discussions could also be used for graphics that are related to these notations. Perhaps a color background could reflect its temperature in its part of the universe.
2. Perhaps the area above the “Big Board-little universe” title (underlined) can be used for related graphics and color.
3. This “one page” board ideally would be a wiki page where schools and universities and the public could collaborate, update and add data.
4. Our application of base-2 exponentiation, the powers of two, notational doublings from the four Planck Base Units to their maximums is still early-stage work. We’ll be adding dimensionless constants. Could this table be an online spreadsheet? April 27, 2016: More updating to come..Process: Examples of Horizontal ScrollingHorizontal Scrolling Example #1,#2,#3 and#4 (pop up windows)..
81018: Infinity-Singularity Transformation Finite-Infinite

Speed of Light: These simple calculations are listed to challenge us to think of the processes and relations between numbers. This ratio, the notational multiples of the Planck Length to Planck Time, is very basic. Again, the experimental measurement is 299,792,458 meters/second in a vacuum. Within notation 7, the simple result of the numbers: 299,791,784.89 m/s (given above). Then variations are still difficult to discern. We will attempt to find the resolution of Planck Length and Planck Time carried out ten decimal places each and do recalculations.

Tweet and Retweet
“Light: The ratio between Planck Time/Planck Length along all 201+ base-2 exponentiations from the Planck base units.”

“Let there be light! Observe the 10th row. Planck Length/Planck Time ratio along 201+ notations!”

“Help interpret the math?!?”

Background: In early May, some among us began asking the question, “Could the Big Bang theory implode?” Others made projects, “Perhaps we might start a movement to blow up the big bang. It’s inherent nihilism is making a mess of this little world.”(May 2016)

Key observation: These five Planck base units are intimately woven. There are hundreds of calculations to test between them.

Prediction: All the dimensionless constants will all be discerned among those calculations! The fabric of life is just beginning to be woven. The numbers are so small, meaning has yet to be imputed to them. Here it seems that we are in the domain of ontology and ontological designing, pointfree or incidence geometries, and systems philosophy.

Key Questions: Do these notations give the ontological studies a possible domain within which to work? Is there also a place within these notations for the mind? (This discussion/observations/questions/inquiry was begun on May 6, 2016. It is “to be continued” UNTIL all 204 notations have been addressed.)

Key words: (primary concepts and links to references for these six notations) What about the placement of the Planck temperature? Do the calculations of Max Planck warrant that it be placed with the others at bottom of the chart?

One of the simplest charts was entitled, Universe Table, The Human Scale. In this chart the Small Scale and Large Scale are compressed so most of the entries represent as many as ten notations. Within the small scale, the first group of ten are labelled “Forms” after Plato’s work in the Timeaus. The next group of ten are labelled “Ousia” after Aristotle’s work on the nature of structure.

Philosophy and psychology (study of the mind) have never had a place on the grid that includes number theory and the sciences. We will use these first 60 notations to test concepts and ideas.

Cellular Automaton. Work being done within computer science, its logic and functions, are entirely analogous to mathematical logic, functions, and binary operations. Our studies, particularly of Steve Wolfram’s New Kind of Science, is being pursued with great expectations that some of this work uniquely applies to the first ten-to-twenty notations.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: At last count, Pi has been computed out to over 12.1 trillion digits that form no discernible pattern and appear to be non-ending. It seems that pi holds part of the secret about the random, chaotic, statistical nature of things within quantum mechanics. The other is in the gap between the five tetrahedral cluster which we call a pentastar until a better name is posted.

Redefinition of the bbt Inflationary Epoch:
What has been considered to be an infinitesimally short epoch by the best thinkers within the bbt, particularly Alan Guth, MIT), now becomes part and parcel of every notation. Called an inflationary process and transitioning processes, inflation is now considered to be a deep dynamic of every notation. The very doubling of each Planck base unit value is inflation. It continues within the 201st notation (our time container)..The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt, and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe appears to be accelerating..The Next Challenge: Electroweak Epoch Go to the notational cluster 133 to 138..Structure: A simple logic suggests that base-8 expansion, scaling vertices, build upon the prior notation. Nothing goes away. It is hypostatized or imputed to be the very structure of the universe that everything shares. The time within each notation could be understood to be the speed by which interactions take place. It is a duration that is infrastructure, not past-present-or-future. Within this definition, all these would be pointfree vertices..Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: What is sleep? Where is sleep? Why do living things sleep? The suspicion is that sleep is within the small-scale universe. The deepest part of sleep does not activate any brain neurons (4 microns to 100 microns or notations 97 to 102), atoms or particles. More to come. This is a placeholder. Introduced May 8, 2016, it probably belongs within the cluster, 49 to 54..Key words, primary concepts, and links to references for these ten notations: Can we begin to explore the finite-infinite relation before we get too far away from notation #1? Can we assume that the simple mathematical continuity established by power of two, base-2 exponentiation, also known as doublings, is meaningful? …that it is a part of the deep structure of the universe? Of course, there is much more work to come..Notation, Exponentiation, Vertex Counts for B2 and Scaling Vertices: From notations 19 to 24 the actual number of vertices is stored in its own page which can be accessed by clicking here..
Note: https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculator-precision.html

25 to 30
By the 30th notation the universe weighs about 50 pounds (23.7 kilograms)!

In Search Of: Line 11, just above, is defined by Ontology / Number. It is currently a breadbasket of conceptual work in search of some kind of fundamental lemma. The positioning of each discipline along the line will be the subject to continuous change until real mathematical work begins to tie the disciplines together and suggests a logical order..The Langlands Programs. The expectation is that Robert Langlands’ work will be used in more than one cluster to move from Forms, to Ousia (primary substances and structures), and then to primary Qualities, Relations and Systems. Though numbers and ratios, the Planck base unit multiples between 1 and 65 remind us that though not instantiated within a space and time that is part of direct human experience, these are nevertheless real realities.

Speed of Light: The speed of light calculations are still very early-stage work. The experimental measurement is 299,792,458 meters/second in a vacuum. Within notations 25-30, simple results are given (above). To obtain more precise information, the next step will be to carry each out ten decimal places, and if that begins to suggest something, we will go out 100 places, and keep doing recalculations. Perhaps we just might find some clues along the way, i.e. begin to see some patterns, would tell us something all the dimensionless constants within those calculations.

Key questions:

Key words: Finite-infinite:Leibniz–Clarke correspondence: In the debate between Sir Isaac Newton (through Samuel Clarke), we side with the relational view of Leibniz. The Infinite appears to defined by continuity, symmetry and harmony, the perfections of order, relations, and dynamics. Of course, continuity equations are established between the Planck base units and their respective numbers at the Age of the Universe today and the Observable Universe today. We have imputed geometries from the first notations..
For more, see the posting, Numbers: On Constructing the Universe From Scratch. These geometries create simple symmetries, broken symmetries, and a multiplicity of symmetry groups. At some point within the small scale universe, the symmetry have enough space and time to interact and cause dynamical moments. Within our Universe Table and UniverseView, Systems begins at notation 50..Notation, Exponentiation, Vertex Counts for B2 and Scaling Vertices: From notations 25 to 30 the actual number of vertices is stored in its own page which can be accessed by clicking here.

An Introductory Discussion About Mass: The mass of the universe has gone from the very small side of exponential notation to start the rapid climb up the very large side of exponential notation scale. To see how rapid it rises, we’ll use the whole numbers in kilograms within the next set of six notations (and occasionally also in pounds) so you can see how quickly it gets out of reach. For example, the weight of the earth is 5.972×1024. Within which notation would you guess that much weight could be found on the scale?.
Notice within notation 30, it is 23.37 kg. Notation 31 is 46.79 kilograms or about 103 pounds. Here is a pure form of mass, all those vertices aggregating as forms (structure) and function. It is an ideal substance. By notation 36, it is 1,495.68628 kilograms or over 3297 pounds. That’s about the weight of an SUV. The “Spirit of Liberty” Bell stands 6 feet tall and weighs 3,200 pounds..Notation 111: The universe is still a long way to becoming a second old (not until Notation 143), and it already has a mass (weight-density-force) of the earth. What is this mass within the first 60 or so notations? Does it have anything to do with the so-called Dark Energy and Dark Matter that seems so mysterious to science? We believe so.

Much more to come.

Key questions about mass, order, relations and dynamics: Only the Human Scale version of the Universe Table or Universe Chart is done. The small scale and large scale are summarized in blocks of no more than ten notations. Echoing Plato, we have guessed that the first ten are Forms or the Eidos. The next ten are Structure or Ousia, echoing Aristotle. Synthesizing the two, the next ten notations might be labelled Substances knowing full well that it would be another 40 to 50 notations before anything that could be defined as entitive or physical would emerge (Notations 65-69).

So mathematically there are at least 60 notations to begin to define with pure math, geometry, logic, and patience. To date, there is one posting that touches on it: On Constructing the Universe From Scratch. It is from here that we will pick up again to postulate in what ways each notation is also an archetype, clusters, containers, domains, groups, layers, and sets. We will be more closely examining the ratios at each step and doubling.

Key words, primary concepts, and links to references for this group of notations: We are consulting with a journal, Multiscale Modeling and Simulations (MMS), an interdisciplinary journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SCIAM) that focuses on the fundamental modeling and computational principles underlying various multiscale methods.

Convergence, Grand Unification, Symmetry Groups, and so-called Dense Matter: Although the “Grand” Unification only holds for a fractional second (3.978151×10-24 second), what a fractional second it is! It holds the universe together to this day-moment in isotropic and homogeneous ways. The simplest doubling of a structure from the first cluster of six notations would be the tetrahedral-octahedral-tetrahedral structure aka TOT, octet, strut, and beam, binds the universe in just 201 notations. This matter is not dark, but it is dense.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics:
The leading theory about the structure of the universe is the big bang theory. It is not simple. It is not elegant. It does not respect the Planck base units. It has no causal efficacy. It is very poor theory upon which to base our sciences and our understanding of the universe.

In stark contrast, this chart evolves from most minute quantities of the most basic constituents of reality. It builds incrementally. And as we will see, it builds a universe cluster by cluster, domain by domain, one doubling at a time, with natural groups, layers and sets.

49-to-54Our guess is that within this domain, groups and sets become systems.

49

50

51

←Steps→

52

53

54

3.03508889×10-29s

6.0701777×10-29s

1.2140355×10-28s

T(seconds)

2.4280711×10-28s

4.8561422×10-28s

9.7122844×10-28s

9.098396×10-21m

1.819679×10-20m

3.639358×10-20m

L(meters)

7.278717×10-20m

1.455743×10-19m

2.91148×10-19m

1.225266×107kg

2.450532×107kg

4.901064×107kg

M(kilograms)

9.802129×107kg

1.960425×108kg

3.920851×108kg

1.055866×10-3C

.002111733 C

.004223466 C

C(Coulombs)

.00844693 C

.0168938 C

.0337877 C

1.2408×10-12K

2.48175×10-12K

4.9635×10-12K

T(Kelvin)

9.9270×10-12K

1.98540×10-11K

3.97081×10-11K

1.4073749×1014

2.8147498×1014

5.6294995×1014

B2Vertices

1.1258999×1015

2.2517998×1015

4.5035996×1015

1.7840596×1044

1.4272477×1045

1.1417982×1046

ScalingV

9.1343852×1046

7.3075082×1047

5.8460065×1048

299,773,625.411

299,773,596.41

299,773,606.291

Light m/sec

299,773,635.13

299,773,565.1

299,773,070.79

Theory

SYSTEMS

…51…

Ontology

…52…

…53…

…54…

Notations 50 to 60: Reader warning – very rough draft! There are several fascinating articles about consciousness and the brain-mind relation [1] [2]. We know that we live within the 202 notation, 13.8 billion years from the first seconds of creation. Yet, we also know that there are multiples of the Planck length were things like particles and sub-particles could or should manifest and that these particles and sub-particles can be measured and their qualities understood. It would seem each notation in which an entity can be first measured is where there are the necessary relations above it and below it to create the groups and sets that make an entity manifest uniquely. These notations are “a long way” from current time. So, although specific notations are where entities manifest, everything must “transcend time” to be integrated as a whole within the 202 notation. Within discrete time, all notations are always available to us. Each space/time (length) ratio exists uniquely, and long after it manifests for the first time, it continues to manifest dependent on all manifestations throughout the subsequent notations and on all prior notations.

Clear as clay and mud? We will continue working on this language. We’ve just started the process of thinking about this data. There is a long way to go!

Speculation. In this context, the mind is hypostatized (imputed) to manifest within the “Systems” group which is also hypostatized to be between the 50th to 60th notations. In that context, we are now re-reading papers like [1] Mathematical Foundations of Consciousness, Willard L. Miranker and Gregg J. Zuckerman, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Yale University, 23 Oct 2008 and [2] The Simplest Mathematical Model of Consciousness, Roderick Wallace, New York State Psychiatric Institute, September 2, 2014.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics:
Even at the 54th notation, the other Planck base unit multiples are still infinitesimally small. We still have much to learn before we can begin postulating something special about each unit and their functions within each
container, cluster, domain, doubling, group, layer, notation, set and/or step.

Thoughts On The Variable Speed of Light Calculations: Using Notation #53 as our example, six decimals divided by six decimals equals 299,773,565.1. By using the seventh decimal within time, the new calculation is 299,773,552.76. Using #54, with seven decimals, it is 299,772,934.98. With six it is 299,772,947.33. And with five, matching the value within the space unit, is: 299,773,070.79. That could explain some of the variances, however, it does not explain the variances between notations.

Throughout the 202 notations, the highest calculation as 299,982,157 (#16) and the lowest (#3) is 299,790,300. The speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458. We might argue for a variable speed of light. At some point, we will average all speeds. From a cursory glance at the data, it appears that the figure will be higher than the experimental value measured in the laboratory. We might also discover that the range is always within 10% of our statistical average. Of course, we will be studying these variations and their calculations more closely.

55-to-60At the 58th notation under charge (Coulombs) the value is just over 1.

55

56

57

←Steps→

58

59

60

1.9424568×10-27s

3.8849137×10-27s

7.7698275×10-27s

T(seconds)

1.55396551×10-26s

3.10793103×10-26s

6.215862×10-26s

5.82297×10-19m

1.16459×10-18m

2.32918×10-18m

L(meters)

4.65837×10-18m

9.31675×10-18m

1.863351×10-17m

7.841670×108kg

1.568340×109kg

3.136681×109kg

M(kilograms)

6.27336×109kg

1.25467×1010kg

2.50934×1010kg

.067575465 C

.13515093 C

.27030186 C

C(Coulombs)

.54060372 C

1.0812074 C

2.1624149 C

7.94162×10-11K

1.58832×10-10K

3.1766 ×10-10K

T(Kelvin)

6.3532×10-10K

1.27065×10-9K

2.54131×10-9K

9.007199×1015×1015

1.8014398×1016

3.6028797×1016

B2Vertices

7.2057594×1016

1.4411518×1017

2.8823037×1017

4.6768052×1049

3.7414441×1050

2.9931553×1051

ScalingV

2.39452428×1052

1.91561942×1053

1.5324955×1054

299,774,511.57

299,772,710.3

299,772,710.3

Lightm/sec

299,774,125.46

299,773,482.672

299,773,643.55

…55…

…56…

…57…

Ontology

…58…

…59…

…60…

Planck Charge: Notice the Planck Charge multiple has now grown to a whole number. The transition to 1 coulomb is between notations 58 and 59. At a temperature of 6.3532×10-10 Kelvin, the Mass is still superconducting and will be up to about 203 Kelvin (or -70º C or -94.27º F) which manifests between notation 106 and 107. Now we will watch the rapid rise of the coulombs value. What does it mean?

What about light? We will continue computing the light until the entire chart is completed. Then we will average the 201 notations and highlight the smallest and largest values after checking the math! Perhaps the figures will speak to somebody in some special way.

The Electroweak Epoch will also be downgraded from an epoch to a transition process. Given its temperature requirements it is guessed to begin between notations 136 and 137. The Quark Epoch should begin soon thereafter. It is up for grabs. Much more analysis is required. We will be using the temperature requirements of the big bang theorists to determine some of these placements.

Yet, to be sure we are all on the same page, the universe is still so young, we have no instrumentation to measure such a short duration. Our first measurement of a duration will not happen until Notation 84.

In the QE model time is discrete quantized, and locally defined BY-AND-WITHIN ITS NOTATION. It will be among the most difficult definitions to explain and it may take many successive approximations over several years.

Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN, Geneva: It appears that notations 66, 67 and 68 are the domain of the LHC. One of our goals is to understand enough about the Higgs, gluonballs, diphotons, and the like to be able to integrate this Planck-multiple scale data and the data that defines the electroweak processes.

String Theory: The landscape of string theory requires special bungee cords, crampons, and climbing boots, top mental and physical conditioning, and about a 20 years of training. We will call on folks like Edward Witten to guide us through this part of the universe.

Re-examining the big bang theory (bbt) in light of this quiet expansion of 201+ notations:: In this transition from the small-scale to human-scale universe, it is important to take stock of where we are in the universe. First, the 67th notation marks “one-third of 201.” Within this model, it is the small-scale universe.

Notations 67 to 134 we call the human-scale universe even though there are facets of it that are too small to be measured (i.e. a dursation of time below Notation 86). At notation 134, the time duration is still 1.1741×10-3 seconds (one thousandth of a second). The first second of the universe is between notations 143 and 144.

Within the bbt, however, theorists are gaining some confidence because they can now confirm their concepts through experimentation and measurements. It seems that most of the problems they will now encounter are due to the assumptions made to justify the first four epochs. Their contortions diminish the theory. They only have highly-theoretical data to justify the first four epochs of their theory. Up to about this point there has been no observational data from cosmology, astrophysics, particle physics, and theoretical physics to support their claims.

We are not yet aware of any problems the quiet expansion creates for this group at this point in the cosmic picture.

Within the QE Planck length scale, the fermion and proton could emerge within the 67th notation. Yet, according to big bang theorists, the Quark Epoch goes from about Notation 40 to Notation 100, the Hadron Epoch from 100 to 150, and the Lepton and the Photon Epochs from about 140 to 150.

As we move up the scale to 150, we can speculate about how each notation continues to evolve based on what is happening in the larger notations “above” it.

73-to-78Within these notations questions will be raised about periodicity and frequencies.

73

74

75

←Steps→

76

77

78

5.09203×10-22s

1.01841×10-21s

2.0368×10-21s

T(s)

4.0736×10-21s

8.1472×10-21s

1.6294×10-20s

1.5264×10-13m

3.0529×10-13m

6.1058×10-13m

L(m)

1.2211×10-12m

2.4423×10-12m

4.8846×10-12m

2.0556×1014kg

4.1113×1014kg

8.2226×1014kg

M(kg)

1.6445×1015kg

3.2890×1015kg

6.5780×1015kg

1.7714×104C

3.5429×104C

7.0858×104C

C(Coulombs)

1.4171×105C

2.8343×105C

5.6686×105C

2.0818×10-5K

4.1636×10-5K

8.3273×10-5K

T(Kelvin)

1.6654×10-4K

3.3309×10-4K

6.6619×10-4K

2.36118×1021

4.72236×1021

9.44473×1021

B2Vertices

1.888946×1022

3.777893×1022

7.555786×1022

8.42498×1065

6.73998×1066

5.39198×1067

ScalingV

4.313×1068

3.450×1069

2.760×1070

299,764,336.21

299,774,155.538

299,774,155.538

Lightm/sec

299,759,426.55

299,771,700.7

299,779,059.777

.73.

.74.

.75.

Ontology

gamma

wavelength

fluorine ion diameter

Discussion:This range is somewhat of a mystery. We find few references on the web that approximate these Planck Scale multiples between notations 73-to-78. If you know of any or have even discovered one, please let us know. We will update the quadrant appropriately and document the origin of the new inclusion!

Please click on “Contact” just above in the header. Thank you.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: Each quadrant is a cluster, domain, doubling, group, layer, notation, set and/or step. We know that below the 67th notation, all phase relations are so small, they are below the thresholds of any measuring device. The analogue is the neutrino, everywhere present but not readily discernible. Yet, mathematically and geometrically there is an abundance of information. From a casual observation of these numbers, it appears to take no less than ten, and probably thirteen notations before the Periodic Table of Elements begins to manifest. Of course, there is much more to come.

85 to 90Now all the biological systems are getting their own notation.

85

86

87

88

89

90

2.0856×10-18s

4.1713×10-18s

8.3427×10-18s

T(seconds)

1.6685×10-17s

3.3371×10-17s

6.6742×10-17s

6.25237×10-10m

1.2547×10-9m

2.500×10-9m

L(meters)

5.000×10-9m

1.000×10-8 s

2.0000×10-8m

8.4199×1017kg

1.6839×1018kg

3.3679×1018kg

M(kilograms)

6.7359×1018kg

1.3471×1019kg

2.6943×1019kg

7.2558×107C

1.4511×108C

2.9023×108C

C(Coulombs)

5.8046×108C

1.1609×109C

2.3218×109C

.00088527 K

.0017054 K

.0034109 K

T(Kelvin)

.0068218 K

.0136430 K

.0272872 K

9.6714×1024

1.9342×1025

3.8685×1025

B2Vertices

7.73712×1025

1.54742×1026

3.09485×1026

5.7896×1076

4.6316×1077

3.7053×1078

ScalingV

2.9642×1079

2.3714×1080

1.8971×1081

299,773,646.913

299,796,567.44

299,771,057.33

Lightm/sec

299,773,646.433

299,773,646.13

299,773,648.82

DNA

Insulin

DNA Helix

Ontology

Virus

cell wall thickness

Nanowires

Discussion: Measuring Time. Here is a key concept about measuring units of time. First it is truly a fine science, yet in light of the Planck scale, it is still quite general and rough. Our instruments can get no deeper than the 87th notation.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: Within the Planck Length multiples are the measurement first used to determine the “Ontology” within any particular notation. Though in fact most appear only within our current notation, perhaps best called “The Now notation” or “today’s notation,” there is something eidetically related between the small scale, this human scale and the Now.

91 to 96
Biological systems and technological systems continue to fill each notation.

91

92

93

94

95

96

1.3348×10-16s

2.6696×10-16s

5.3393×10-16s

T(seconds)

1.0678×10-15s

2.1357×10-15s

4.2715×10-15s

4.0015×10-8m

8.0030×10-8m

1.600×10-7m

L(meters)

3.201×10-7m

6.402×10-7m

1.28.microns

5.3887×1019kg

1.0777×1020kg

2.1555×1020kg

M(kilograms)

4.3110×1020kg

8.622×1020kg

1.724×1021kg

4.6437×109C

9.2875×109C

1.8575×1010C

C(Coulombs)

3.7150×1010C

7.4300×1010C

1.4860×1011C

.0545744 K

.1091488 K

.2182976 K

T(Kelvin)

.4365953 K

.8731907 K

1.74638 K

6.1897×1026

1.2379×1027

2.4758×1027

B2Vertices

4.9517×1027

9.9035×1027

1.9807×1028

1.5177×1082

1.2141×1083

9.71334×1083

ScalingV

7.7706×1084

6.2165×1085

4.9732×1086

299,773,646.584

299,773,645.728

299,773,645.728

Lightm/sec

299,773,644.992

299,773,645.273

299,773,645.74

Computer chip

Nanowires

Gold-leaf width

Ontology

Nanoparticles

Visible light

Bacteria

Discussion: Under Construction. Of course, this simple chart has just begun. Though the first chart started in December 2011, it offers such a different view of reality, it’ll take awhile to adjust one’s conceptual frame of reality. Even today, in January 2017, it is still sinking in with those of us who have been wrestling with it from the beginning.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: In this range of notations are very common things.

Discussion:Kelvin is a very unusual temperature scale. At Notation 97 the number is 3.4927 K which is -453.38314 degrees Fahrenheit or -269.6573 degrees Celsius well within the range for high-temperature superconductors (-220 degrees Fahrenheit or-140 degrees Celsius at normal pressures, and -164 F and -109 C at high pressures). The human body temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit equals 310.15 Kelvin. That falls between notations 103 and 104.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: It was here that we began to realize that our perception of reality was misplaced concreteness. If our focus was on time, every cluster, domain, doubling, group, layer, notation, set and/or step is only manifest in the current time within the current notation. This chart, calculated using the Planck constant, has 201-202, depending on the very nature of addition and the nature of time. If we follow Planck Length, common things manifest within these notations. Taken as a whole, it is as if there is a phase relation between the small scale, human scale and large scale so all things manifest within the Now, including the imprints from prior notations, so although we interpret those imprints as “past” the notation is still actively part of the whole and is very much sustaining our universe.

Note: I realize that these comments are quite oblique. I’ll get back to this page eventually; perhaps with your help, we can do better. -Bruce (January 2017)

Discussion: The Quark Epoch is estimated to begin in the range of 10−12 seconds, highlight above from Notation 104 to 107. More comparisons with the Big Bang can be found here: https://81018.com/2016/06/01/quiet/

Planck Temperature: The Sun’s temperature is 5778 K. In this early edition of the chart, it is between notations 107 and 108. Much more analysis is forthcoming.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: When does a group of numbers become a cluster, container, domain, doubling, group, layer, notation, set and/or step?

Discussion: These reflections under each group of six notations is weakest within the middle. So, yes, these pages are truly “Under Construction” and will be for awhile yet.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: Every cluster, domain, doubling, group, layer, notation, set and/or step is active right now, and each is a transformation of light and active conduit to infinity; and for those of a religious persuasion, an active conduit to the Infinite.

Discussion:Think about it, examples given within the row, Ontology, are those from the perspective of the 202nd notation. Within the Notation 115, at the moment it was unfolding, the universe is approximately 26.43″ and it is density exceeds imagination given its mass of 9.0408×1025kilograms. The charge, 7.7909×1016 coulombs, is wildly high and getting higher faster. Today, January 25, 2017, I just wrote to a brilliant young physicist, Brian Skinner of MIT, and asked him, “Do these numbers paint any kind of a meaningful picture?” I had just finished reading his blog under Gravity and Levity, titled “What if I were 1% charged?”

Of course, as each notation unfolds, these initial ontological definitions get constantly redefined as the subsequent notations unfold (and are currently unfolding). Only within our current notation, 202, do these six notations truly begin to reflect the human scale.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: The big bang theory has very little to say about these early notations.

Discussion: Under Construction… At one time, every page looked like this page and especially the next, Notations 127 to 132. Soon, we will pull all of these comments (Row 12) and the row, Ontology (#11), into a separate table. Row numbers, 1-10, will also then be its own separate table. Corrections and adjustments will be made to the numbers in rows 3-7, first in light of the reduced Planck constant, then in light of any further information or logic we can discern about Planck Temperature.

Our eight key time measurements:One second: Between the 143rd and 144th notations.One day: At 86,400 seconds, it is between the 160th and 161st notations.One week: At 604,8000 seconds, it is within the 163rd notation.One month: An average of 2,629,746 seconds, it is within the 165th notation.One year: An average of 31,556,952 seconds, it is between the 168th and 169th notations.One millennium: 1000 years, an average of 31,556,952,000 seconds, it is between the 178th and 179th notations.One million years: An average of 31,556,952,000,000 seconds, it is between the 188th and 189th notations.One billion years, an aeon: An average of 31,556,952,000,000,000 seconds, it is between the 198th and 199th notations.

139 to 144
The first second of creation completes between notations 143 and 144.

139

140

141

– Steps –

142

143

144

3.7572×10-2.s

7.5145×10-2.s

.15029×10.s

T(seconds)

.30058.s

.60116.s

1.2023.s

11,263.2699.km

22,526.5398.km

45,053.079.km

L(meters)

90,106.158.km

180,212.316.km

360,424.632.km

1.5168×1033kg

3.0336×1033kg

6.0672×1033kg

M(kilograms)

1.2134×1034kg

2.4268×1034kg

4.8537×1034kg

1.3070×1024C

2.6141×1024C

5.2283×1024C

C(Coulombs)

1.0456×1025C

2.0913×1025C

4.1827×1025C

1.5361×1013 K

3.0722×1013 K

6.1445×1013 K

T(Kelvin)

1.2289×1014 K

2.4578×1014 K

4.9156×1014 K

1.74224×1041

3.4844×1041

6.96898×1041

B2Vertices

1.3937×1042

2.78759×1042

5.57518×1042

3.3846×10125

2.7076×10126

2.1661×10127

ScalingV

1.73291×10128

1.38634×10129

1.109×10130

299,778,289.684

299,774,300.353

299,774,296.36

Light m/sec

299,774,296.36

299,773,654.587

299,773,654.24

…

…

…

Ontology

…

…

Earth-to-moon*

Discussion: All these notations are still being double checked and cross referenced to the other three key charts. We will correct simple math errors as quickly as possible.

One minute and one hour of creation should be noted. The figures at one day (Notation 160), one week, one month, one year, one millennium and one aeon (1 billion years) are all important clues to interpret the meaning of each notation.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: Is there a formula that begins to bind all notations deeper than exponentiation? Can the speed of light do it?

Formula #1

We start with a most simple formula. Divide each value along the Planck Length scale by its corresponding value along the Planck Time, the result should approximate the speed of light (kilometers per second) at every one of the 201 notations.

Let’s see if the logic bears out. First, we will use the closest possible Planck Time and Planck Length multiples to one second, .6011 seconds and 1.202 seconds at notations 143 and 144 respectively.

The first simple calculation: The simple formula is to divided 180,212.316 kilometers by 6.011 seconds. That calculation gives us a figure of 299,774,296.367 meters/second.

Dividing 360424.632 kilometers by 1.202 seconds gives us a figure of 299,774,296.36 meters/second.

The experimentally defined measurement for the speed of light per second is 299,792.458 km/second.

When using a more refined measurement, the results naturally change. Using a calculation based on the ratio of 1.20232257536 seconds to 360424.632 kilometers renders a figure of 299,773.654248 km/second. We’ll have to be careful to test with an equal number of decimal units for time and length.

Every notation has its own calculation for the speed of light. We will do the calculations for several notations to see if it tells us something of interest.

At 142nd notation, .300580643 divided by 90,106.158 equals 299,773,655.085 meters per second and at notation 143, 299,773,654.587 m/s and at notation 145, 299,773,673.037 m/sec and at notation 146, the ratio 4.80929 seconds to 1,441,698.55 km equals 299,773,677.611 m/s. Light is a ratio, a tension that defines both space and time.

Analysis: Of course, it is not at all surprising that the Planck Time, Planck Length, and the speed of light correlate throughout the chart given that both Planck Time and Planck Length are determined by the speed of light.

What is surprising is that this simple formula begins to corroborate the basic integrity of the chart, base-2 exponentiation with the speed of light, and it all begs for a much deeper analysis.

We will do it. We will go back through all 204 notations and do the calculations using numbers extended to the ten places, then 100 places, and even 1000 decimal places. First, we’ll begin getting a sense of patterns or the lack of patterns. Perhaps all these numbers are non-duplicating and never-ending. Perhaps these numbers, like Pi, the pentagonal gap, and the dimensionless constants, define degrees of freedom that further compute as quantum indeterminacy and uncertainty and perhaps even free will. Speculative? Of course. Crazy? Maybe. Worth the time for further analysis? Of course, it is. We’ll report the results within each notation.

Let us now find Formula #2.

Distance earth to moon: * The mean average distance of 384,402 km (238,856 mi). That is 356,500 km (221,500 mi) at the perigee to 406,700 km (252,700 mi) at apogee.

Link to Vertex Counts for B2 and Scaling: From notations 139 to 200+ the actual number of vertices will be stored in its own page which can be accessed by clicking here. These vertices open the discussions about the inherent geometry that should permeate this chart.

145 to 150
The first minute, just 60 seconds, and look how far the universe has come!

145

146

147

148

149

150

2.4046.seconds

4.8092.s

9.6185.s

T(seconds)

19.237.s

38.47432.s

76.9486.s

720,849.264.km

1,441,698.528.km

2,883,397.056.km

L(meters)

5,766,794.112.km

11,533,588.224.km

23,067,176.488.km

9.7075×1034kg

1.9415×1035kg

3.883×1035kg

M(kilograms)

7.7660×1035kg

1.5532×1036kg

3.1064×1036kg

8.3654×1025C

1.673×1026C

3.3461×1026C

C(Coulombs)

6.6923×1026C

1.3384×1027C

2.6769×1027C

9.831×1014 K

1.966×1015 K

3.932×1015 K

T(Kelvin)

7.865×1015 K

1.573×1016 K

3.146×1016 K

1.1150×1043

2.2300×1043

4.4601×1043

B2Vertices

8.9202×1043

1.7840×1044

3.568×1044

8.8725×10130

7.0980×10131

5.6784×10132

ScalingV

4.5427×10133

3.6341×10134

2.9073×10135

299,772,232

299,779,283

299,776,166.346

Light m/sec

299,776,166.346

299,773,673

299,773,829.387

…

Sun’s Diameter

…

Ontology

…

…

…

Discussion: In six notations, we’ll go from two seconds to over one minute. At any point when a Planck base unit goes from a negative value to a whole value, the entire relation of the five base units and any ratios must be the subject of deep analysis. Every section highlighted in yellow will be a priority.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: These notations can be looked at from several perspectives. You may find a duplicate page of these numbers where the word, Steps” has been changed to reflect that view of the data. Each step could be a cluster, domain, doubling, group, layer, notation, and/or set.

151 to 156
How does this first hour (3600 seconds) of creation compare with the Big Bang?

151

152

153

154

155

156

153.8972.seconds

307.794.s

615.589.s

T(seconds)

1231.178.s

2462.3566.s

4924.713.s

46,134,352.896.km

92,268,705.792.km

184,537,411.584.km

L(meters)

369,074,823.168.km

738,149,646.33.km

1.47629929×1012.km

6.21283×1036kg

1.2425×1037kg

2.4851×1037kg

M(kilograms)

4.9702×1037kg

9.9405×1037kg

1.9881×1038kg

5.3538×1027C

1.0707×1028C

2.1415×1028C

C(Coulombs)

4.2831×1028C

8.5662×1028C

1.7132×1029C

6.292×1016 K

1.258×1017 K

2.5168×1017 K

T(Kelvin)

5.0336×1017 K

1.0067×1018 K

2.013×1018 K

7.136×1044

1.427×1045

2.8544×1045

B2Vertices

5.708×1045

1.141×1046

2.283×1046

2.325×10136

1.860×10137

1.4885×10138

ScalingV

1.1908×10139

9.5268×10139

7.6214×10140

299,773,828.867

299,774,218.44

299,773,731.47

Light m/sec

299,773,731.473

299,773,658.42

299,773,670.602

…

…

Earth to Sun*

Ontology

…

Jupiter-to-Sun

…

Discussion: 3600 seconds, between notations 155 and 156, account for the first hour of creation. In this model it appears that the infrastructure to create the universe to this point is the same infrastructure that sustains the universe. It appears that in this model “the first hour container” which is notation 155, is still at work today.

Under Construction: Here the simple calculations, Planck Length divided by Planck Time, are in process. All the Planck-related numbers within the entire site will be updated using the reduced Planck constant.

Earth to Sun Between notations 152 and 153, the distance between the sun ad earth is approximately 149,597,870,700 metres or about 150 million kilometres, or 93 million miles.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: Much more analysis to come on the differences between experimental data and purely mathematical data.

157 to 162
THE FIRST DAY (and the infrastructure for every subsequent day)

157

158

159

160

161

162

9849.426.s

19,698.853.s

39,397.706.s

T(seconds)

78,795.4122.s

157,590.82.s

315,181.649.s

2,952,598,585.km

5,905,197,170.km

11,810,394,341.km

L(meters)

23,620,788,682.km

47,241,577,365.km

94,483,154,731.km

3.9762×1038kg

7.9524×1038kg

1.5904×1039kg

M(kilograms)

3.1809×1039kg

6.3619×1039kg

1.2723×1040kg

3.4264×1029C

6.8529×1029C

1.3705×1030C

C(Coulombs)

2.741×1030C

5.482×1030C

1.096×1031C

4.026×1018 K

8.053×1018 K

1.610×1019 K

T(Kelvin)

3.221×1019 K

6.443×1019 K

1.288×1018 K

4.567×1046

9.134×1046

1.826×1047

B2Vertices

3.653×1047

7.307×1047

1.461×1048

6.097×10141

4.877×10142

3.902×10143

ScalingV

3.1217×10144

2.497×10145

1.997×10146

299,773,652.745

299,773,670.567

299,773,655.349

Light m/sec

299,773,654.613

299,773,662.99

299,773,654.43

…

Sun-to-Pluto

…

Ontology

24 hours

light-travel

…

Discussion:The First Day concludes at 86400 seconds between notations 160 and 161. The universe appears to be approaching the size of our Solar System. At notation 160, it is 23,620,788,682 kilometers or 1,467,727,765 miles. If measured in astronomical units (AU), the Solar System is estimated to be the distance of 122 AU which is 122 times 93 million miles or 11.346 trillion miles or .

The orbiting Kuiper Belt (which contains Pluto): 7.5 billion kilometers (30-50 AU). So, using our Solar System as an indication of size, within the first day, the universe has grown to the outer limits our solar system, right out to the Kuiper Belt.

Also, note that one day is 86,400 seconds. Multiplied by the laboratory-defined speed of light, 299,792.458 km/second, equals a length of 25,902,068,371.2 km.

Under Construction: Here the simple calculations, Planck Length divided by Planck Time, are in process. All the Planck-related numbers within the entire site will be updated using the reduced Planck constant.

Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: 86,400 seconds multiplied by 30 is 2,592,000. Multiplied by 31 is 2,678,400. The number is seconds in a month is between these numbers. Multiplied by 365 days, the number of seconds in a year would be greater than 31,536,000. Many scientists user 52,560,000; we use

163 to 168
The first month is within notation 165. The first year begins on the edge of 168 as it become 169.

163

164

165

166

167

168

630,363.29.s

1,260,726.59.s

2,521,453.19.s

T(seconds)

5,042,906.38.s

10,085,812.77.s

20,171,625.54.s

1.88966306×1014.km

3.779326×1014.km

7.558652×1014.km

L(meters)

1.511730448×1015.km

30.234609×1015.km

60.469218×1015.km

2.544×1040kg

5.089×1040kg

1.0179×1041kg

M(kilograms)

2.035×1041kg

4.071×1041kg

8.143×1042kg

2.192×1031C

4.385×1031C

8.771×1031C

C(Coulombs)

1.754×1032C

3.508×1032C

7.017×1032C

2.5772×1020 K

5.1544×1020 K

1.030×1021 K

T(Kelvin)

2.061×1021 K

4.123×1021 K

8.247×1021 K

2.923×1048

5.846×1048

1.169×1049

B2Vertices

2.338×1049

4.6768×1049

9.353×1049

1.598×10147

1.278×10148

1.022×10149

ScalingV

8.1834×10149

2.497×10150

6.5467×10151

299,773,652.745

299,773,650.367

299,773,649.178

Light m/sec

299,773,649.178

299,773,648.881

299,773,648.881

7-day

light travel

…

Ontology

…

…

…

Discussion: To determine the First Month, use 30.436875 days per month (based on a year of 365.2425 days divided by 12 months). Given there are 86,400 seconds per day, there is an average of 2,629,746 seconds per month. It is within notation 165. Multiplied by 299,792,458 m/s equals a length of 777,062,051,136,000 meters or 777,062,051,136 km, a little larger than the Planck Length and Time at 165th notation (755,865,224,00 and 29.18 days respectively).

Speed of Light. A simple calculation from notation 168 where the length is approximately 6046921800000 kilometers and the time is 20,171,625.5485 seconds, the speed of light calculates to be approximately 299,773,649.152 kilometers/second. There are many calculations within this chart that are “in process.” At some time in the future, all the Planck-related numbers within the entire site will be updated using the reduced Planck constant. All numbers will be also extended to the measurement limitations suggested by the estimated standard error given within each of the equations.

169 to 174The First Year and the definition of “Yearness” is within notation 169.

169

170

171

172

173

174

40,343,251.097.s

80,686,502.194.s

161,373,004.388.s

T(seconds)

322,746,008.7.s

645,492,017.5.s

1,290,984,035.s

1.209384×1016.km

2.418768×1016.km

4.837537×1016.km

L(meters)

9.675075×1016.km

1.935015×1017.km

3.87003×1017.km

1.628×1042kg

3.257×1042kg

6.514×1042kg

M(kilograms)

1.302×1043kg

2.605×1043kg

5.211×1043kg

1.403×1033C

2.80×1033C

5.613×1033C

C(Coulombs)

1.122×1034C

2.245×1034C

4.491×1034C

1.649×1022 K

3.298×1022 K

6.597×1022 K

T(Kelvin)

1.319×1023 K

2.63×1023 K

5.278×1023 K

1.8707×1050

3.7414×1050

7.4828×1050

B2Vertices

1.4965×1051

2.993×1051

5.986×1051

4.1899×10152

3.3519×10153

2.6815×10154

ScalingV

2.145×10155

1.716×10156

1.372×10157

299,773,648.755

299,773,648.755

299,773,649.151

Light m/sec

299,773,649.223

299,773,649.176

299,773,649.176

Light Year

Promima Centauri

Alpha Centauri

Ontology

Sirius

Tau Ceti

Orion Nebula

Discussion:The First Year is also known as a light year is between notations 168 and 169. Using a year of 365.2425 days and 86,400 seconds per day, there are 31,556,952 seconds per year. A year, when multiplied by the speed of light, 299,792,458 m/s equals a length of 9,460,536,207,068,016 meters or 9,460,536,207,068.016 km which is the definition of a a light year.

Approximations: The distances to astronomical objects obviously are estimates from where you are. These locations are cited to give us a little perspective.

Discussion:The First Million Years: Given there are 31,556,952 seconds in a year And 31,556,952,000 seconds in a millennium, there are 31,556,952,000,000 seconds in a million years (Notations 188-189) and 31,556,952,000,000,000 in a billion years. That’s over 31.5 quadrillion seconds..Speed of Light. A simple calculation from notation 184 where the length is 3.96291068×1020 meters and the time is 1,321,967,651,940 seconds, the speed of light is 299,773,649.846 kilometers/second. The other simple calculations, Planck Length divided by Planck Time, are in process. All the Planck-related numbers within the entire site will be updated using the reduced Planck constant..Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: According to big bang cosmology, 150 million years was required to begin large structure formation and the European Space Agency (ESA), using data from the Planck telescope in February 2015, claimed that the earliest galaxy formed was “560 million years after the Big Bang.” That would amount to about 17,671,893,120,000,000 seconds or 17.672 quadrillion seconds between notations 197 and 198..Notation, Exponentiation, Vertex Counts for B2 and Scaling Vertices: From notations 169 to 200+ the actual number of vertices will be stored in its own page which can be accessed by clicking here.

187 to 192
1,000,000 Years (Notations 188 and 189) and toward an Aeon (one billion years).

* 10,575,741,215,500.s is about 335,131.8978 years, a very early in the Recombination Epoch (as defined within Big Bang).
* 21,151,482,431,000.s is about 670,263.7957 years.
* 42,302,964,862,000.s is about 1,340,527.5915 years.
* 84,605,929,724,000.s is about 2,681,055.1831 years.
* 169,211,859,448,000.s is about 5,362,110.3662 years.
* 338,423,718,896,000.s is about 10,724,220.7325 years..Discussion:The First Million Years: There are 31,556,952 seconds in a year, 31,556,952,000 seconds in a millennium and 31,556,952,000,000 seconds in a million years (Notations 188-189). That is 31.556955 trillion seconds..Key questions about order, relations and dynamics: Also under construction..Under Construction: Here the simple calculations, Planck Length divided by Planck Time, are in process. All the Planck-related numbers within the entire site will be updated using the reduced Planck constant..Notation, Exponentiation, Vertex Counts for B2 and Scaling Vertices: From notations 169 to 200+ the actual number of vertices will be stored in its own page which can be accessed by clicking here..Calculations of the Speed of Light Based on Actual Seconds: These seconds are the actual seconds. The length calculations are consistent, then the speed of light numbers are likewise consistent. Now that there are calculations across the length of the chart, we’ll go back and begin tightening up all the numbers.
* Kilometers:
187: 3.170328532484096×1021
188: 6.340657064968192×1021
189: 1.2681314129936384×1022
190: 2.5362628259872768×1022
191: 5.0725256519745536×1022
192: 1.01450513039491072×1023.
** Seconds:
187: 10,575,741,215,520
188: 21,151,482,431,040
189: 42302964862080
190: 84,605,929,724,160
191: 169211859448320
192: 338423718896640.
Light (KM/sec): 187. 299,773,648.756799095206157091136122160928766303621872570…
188. 299,773,648.7567990952061570911361221609287663036218725707649254…
189. 299,773,648.7567990952061570911361221609287663036218725707649254…
190. 299,773,648.7567990952061570911361221609287663036218725707649254599505854834616143307
191: 299,773,648.75679909520615709113612216092876630362187257076492545995058548346161433079279
192: 299,773,648.75679909520615709113612216092876630362187257076492545995058548346161433079279

193 to 198Approaching the billion year container between notation 199 and 200.

* 676,847,437,792,000 seconds is about 21,448,441.4651 years.
* 1,353,694,875,580,000 seconds is about 42,896,882.9302 years.
* 2,707,389,751,160,000 seconds is about 85,793,765.8605 years.
* 5,414,779,502,320,000 seconds is about 171.5 million years.
* 10,829,559,004,640,000 seconds is about 343.15 million years.
* 21,659,118,009,280,000 seconds is about 686.806 million years.
Another stat is introduced in the thought experiment below:
* 17,671,893,120,000,000 seconds is about 560 million years after the Big Bang postulation...Discussion: On the approach to the first billion years of the universe, it is within these six notations that the universe as we know it begins. There are 31,556,952,000,000,000 seconds in an aeon that is a billion years, between notations 198 and 199..The oldest-known galaxy: GN-z11 is located 13.4 billion light years away, just 400 million years after the first moment of the universe’s beginning. A product of Hubble Space Telescope, Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)..A little thought experiment:Using the big bang epochal definitions, it took 150 million years to begin large-scale structure formation and another 560 million years after that epoch to evolve with a single galaxy. One might posit this conjecture: It takes 410 million years to make a galaxy. However, one might also posit that with each successive evolution, there is an efficiency that is introduced. If there are two trillion galaxies as announced by NASA, ESA,and the Hubble Telescope website as well as by other cooperative institutions like RAS, on October 13, 2016, there must be an order of creation. We are positing, using the simple logic of base-2 exponentiation, between 560 million years and 13.8 billion years, there are no less than 43 “galaxy doublings” which would give us just over two trillion galaxies. For more on that progression to a trillion, follow line 7, B2=Vertices, from the first notations to the 42nd and 43rd notations..Under Construction: Here the simple calculations, Planck Length divided by Planck Time, are in process. All the Planck-related numbers within the entire site will be updated using the reduced Planck constant..Notation, Exponentiation, Vertex Counts for B2 and Scaling Vertices: From notations 169 to 202+ the actual number of vertices will be stored in its own page which can be accessed by clicking here..How many atoms in the observable universe? This generally-accepted calculation may need updating! Estimated between 1078 and 1082 atoms. Please note that the scaling vertices within notation 200 are well beyond it: 2.655×10182.Speed of Light Calculations: Using actual seconds and more consistent length calculations, the speed of light numbers are, of course, likewise consistent. As of February 28, 2017, with calculations across the length of the chart, recalculations of all the numbers will commence.
* Kilometers: IN PROCESS RIGHT NOW
193: 2.02901026078982144×1023
194: 4.05802052157964288×1023
195: 8.11604104315928576×1023
196: 1.623208208631857152×1024
197: 3.246416417263714304×1024
198: 6.492832834527428608×1024.
** Seconds:
193: 676,847,437,793,280
194: 1,353,694,875,586,560
195: 2707389751173120
196: 5414779502346240
197: 10,829,559,004,692,480
198: 21659118009384960.
Light (KM/sec):
193. 299,773,648.7567990952061570911361221609287663036218725707649254…
194. 299,773,648.7567990952061570911361221609287663036218725707649254…
195. 299,773,648.7567990952061570911361221609287663036218725707649254599505854834616143307
196: 299,773,648.75679909520615709113612216092876630362187257076492545995058548346161433079279
197: 299,773,648.75679909520615709113612216092876630362187257076492545995058548346161433079279
198: 299,773,648.75679909520615709113612216092876630362187257076492545995058548346161433079279

* Notation 199: 43,318,236,018,400,000 seconds (1.3727 billion years)
* Notation 200: 86,636,472,036,800,000 seconds (2.744 billion years)
* Notation 201: 173,272,944,073,600,000 seconds (5.4908 billion years)
* Notation 202: 346,545,888,147,200,000 seconds (10.9816 billion years)..Discussion: The Fullness of Time The first billion years of the universe, an aeon, becomes 2.7 billion years within the next notation, 5.4 at the next, and 10.98 at the next..If time is imputed to be discrete and quantized, the aggregate of all notations must be added to determine the actual first aeon. There are 31,556,952,000,000,000 seconds in an AEON. That’s 31.5 quadrillion seconds. That would seem to be between notations 198 and 199..
Let us double-check that number to be sure. 60 seconds to a minute, 360 seconds to an hour, 8640 seconds to a day, approximately 31,556,952 seconds in an adjusted year, 31,556,952,000,000,000 in a billion years. Next, 13.8 x 31,556,952,000,000,000 equals 435,485,937,600,000,000± or 435.4859376 quadrillion seconds is the approximate age of the universe. Doesn’t sound possible, does it?.
In terms of notations, if time is discrete, it would be the sum of every prior notation plus the current notation so it would come within the notations 202 to 203..
That same logic would apply to the Age of the Universe in seconds. Notation 201 is 173,272,944,073,600,000 seconds or 5.4 billion years. The sum total of all notations from the Planck Time to the 201st notation is one Planck Time unit less than 173,272,944,073,600,000 seconds. We should round up! So, the universe today, using the straight Planck Length and Planck time is within the earliest part of notation 202 using 13.8± billion years for the Age of the Universe..
It should be noted that we have not used the reduced Planck constant (equal to the Planck constant divided by 2π, and is denoted ħ or h-bar) as advocated by Larens Imanyuel, Director at Genesis Project in San Francisco. We will. Then, we’ll maintain this chart as a legacy piece and update it and all other charts with the reduced Planck constant..How many seconds old is the universe?Somewhere around 435 quadrillion seconds plus or minus 3%. Each day adds another 86,400 seconds. Each year adds approximately 31.5 million seconds..Basic math: There are 31.5 quadrillion seconds in a billion years multiplied by 13.8 gives us 435.48 quadrillion seconds..
Now, that’s an interesting piece of information: If the universe is 435.48 quadrillion seconds old, is there such a thing as Poincare recurrence? Somehow a second is not a second within certain symmetry groups. That may well be true, but if we impute time’s first function to be a measurement of light within a particular domain, that symmetry is established within the domain alone. Perhaps it could be said that it is a speed at which things communicate within a domain. Also, given the domain (or notation, doubling, container, group, set, cluster) apparently has no less five fundamental determinants, each creates a perspectival view of that notation..Speed of Light. A simple calculation from notation 199 where the length is 1.29856658×1025 meters and the time is 43,318,236,018,400,000 seconds, the speed of light is approximately 299,773,651.782 meters/second. Within notation 200, the length is 2.59713316×1025 meters and the time is 86,636,472,036,800,000 seconds, the speed of light is approximately 299,773,654.8567 meters/second. Within notation 201, the length is 5.19426632×1025 meters and the time is 173,272,944,073,600,000, the speed of light is also approximately 299,773,651.782 meters/second. At notation 202, that figure is 299,773,650.628 meters/second. The “official” measurement of 299,792,458 m/s is in a vacuum and does not consider inertial frames..Notation, Exponentiation, Vertex Counts for B2 and Scaling Vertices: For the large scale, notations 132 to 201+ the actual number of vertices is stored in its own page which can be accessed by clicking here.