New monothalamid species have traditionally been described by protistologists and marine biologists, but their diversity remained unexplored due to the paucity of distinctive morphological characters and the limited interest of micropaleontologists.

The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to Monothalamea accounted for up to 50% of the total diversity in some samples, whereas the hard-shelled taxa (Rotaliida, Textulariida, Miliolida) that are familiar to micropaleontologists represented less than 30% of OTUs.

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