pH and Chemotherapy - A.,
Raghunand N. B., Gillies RJ.
University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Cancer
Center Division, Tucson 85724-5024, USA.
In vivo pH measurements by magnetic resonance
spectroscopy reveal the presence of large regions
of acidic extracellular pH in tumours, with the
intracellular pH being maintained in the
neutral-to-alkaline range.
This acid-outside plasmalemmal pH gradient acts to
exclude weak base drugs such as the anthracyclines
and vinca alkaloids, a behaviour that is predicted
by the decrease in octanol-water partition
coefficients of mitoxantrone and doxorubicin with
decreasing solution pH.
This pH gradient can be reduced or eliminated in
mouse models of breast cancer by systemic treatment
with sodium bicarbonate..... PMID: 11727930

"Do fungi play a role in the
aetiology of cancer ?", Reviews in
Medical Microbiology13(1):37-42, January 2002,
Wainwright, MiltonAbstract:The recent
recognition that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori
potentially plays a role in the aetiology of gastric
cancer has highlighted the possibility that other
non-virus microorganisms, including yeasts and
filamentous fungi, may also cause cancer in humans. For
more than a century fungi have been implicated in the
aetiology of cancer. Initially, attention was directed
to yeasts in the so-called blastomycete-theory of cancer;
more recently filamentous fungi have also been
implicated in carcinogenesis, based largely on their
ability to produce potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins.
Here, the widely spread literature on the role of fungi
in carcinogenesis is reviewed in the hope that it will
stimulate a re-evaluation of the potential carcinogenic
role of fungi.(C) 2002 Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins, Inc.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgicmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=99379706

Abstract
Several yeast species in the genera Candida,
Saccharomyces and Cryptococcus showed powerful
immunoadjuvant, chemotherapy-synergic effects against a
histocompatible, virus-induced murine lymphoma.
Sensitizing and booster intraperitoneal injections of 2
x 10(7) yeast cells on days -14 and +1 (with respect to
tumor challenge on day 0) followed by treatment with
antiblastic drugs (on day +5) were required to elicit
optimum activity. The antitumor effect was not markedly
influenced by the morphological growth form of
merthiolate-inactivated C. albicans nor by the nature of
the carbon source in the growth medium, except for C.
albicans cells grown in a medium containing stearic
acid, which were not effective. These cells had a higher
ratio of soluble to insoluble cell wall components, as
compared to glucose-grown cells, but this finding alone
could hardly explain the lack of antitumor effects.
Previous observations, suggesting that the alkali-acid
insoluble beta-glucan (in the form of cell wall ghosts)
is the only component of yeast cell walls endowed with
antitumor activity comparable to that of whole cells,
were confirmed and extended; the soluble mannan and
glucan-protein fractions were unable to replace whole
cells and glucan ghosts even as sensitizers or as
boosting agents.

Emerging Fungal Infection in South West U.S. Mimics
CancerScienceDaily (Mar. 29, 2012) — An emerging fungal
infection of the gastrointestinal tract that mimics
cancer and inflammatory bowel disease appears to be
emerging in the Southwestern United States and other
desert regions, according to Mayo Clinic researchers in
Arizona investigating the disease. The invasive fungus,
Basidiobolus ranarum, is typically found in the soil,
decaying organic matter and the gastrointestinal tracts
of fish, reptiles, amphibians, and bats.

Mayo researchers studied 44
cases of human gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis
reported from around the world, including 17 from
Arizona, one from southern Utah and one from elsewhere
in the U.S. Eight of the 44 patients died. Mayo's review
of the cases is published online in the journal Clinical
Infectious Diseases.

Basidiobolomycosis is
usually a subcutaneous infection in the tropical and
subtropical regions of the world that develops following
traumatic inoculation of the fungus under the skin. The
emergence of gastrointestinal involvement with
Basidiobolus in arid regions has been considered unusual.

"The exact mode of
acquisition of this gastrointestinal infection is
unclear, although consumption of contaminated food or
dirt is the favored hypothesis," says lead author H.R.
Vikram, M.D., an infectious diseases physician at Mayo
Clinic, where seven of the 19 U.S. cases studied were
treated. "The infection is still considered so rare that
no one had put together a complete description." He adds
that more study needs to be done to determine how this
infection is contracted, what underlying diseases might
predispose patients to this infection and how best to
treat it. He emphasizes that early recognition is key to
successful treatment.

The first U.S. case of
gastrointestinal Basidiobolus infection was reported in
1986. The CDC subsequently investigated six cases in
Arizona between 1994 and 1999. This sparked the interest
of researchers at Mayo Clinic in Arizona to study this
infection.

Patients with this rare
fungal infection had non-specific symptoms such as
abdominal pain or a mass that could be felt on
examination. Before a conclusive diagnosis of the fungal
infection was made, most patients were thought to have
an abdominal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or
diverticulitis. Surgical resection of the area of
involvement and prolonged antifungal therapy
successfully treated most patients.

Cancer is a fungus, can be
caused by a fungus, or is accompanied by late-stage
fungal infections, and now the
Mayo Clinic confirms this. They are not the first to
say so though. Many, even from the official world of
orthodox oncology, recognize the similarities of cancer
and fungal infections, the decay that ties these two
together in a dance that all too often ends in miserable
death.

The Mayo Clinic[1] is saying
that a fungal infection of the gastrointestinal tract
mimics cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. The
invasive fungus, Basidiobolus ranarum, is typically
found in the soil, decaying organic matter and the
gastrointestinal tracts of fish, reptiles, amphibians,
and bats.

Patients with this fungal
infection had non-specific symptoms such as abdominal
pain or a mass that could be felt on examination. Before
a conclusive diagnosis of the fungal infection was made,
most patients were thought to have abdominal cancer,
inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis. Surgical
resection of the area of involvement and prolonged
antifungal therapy successfully treated most patients.

Interestingly, a few years
ago researchers at
Johns Hopkins were surprised that the drug
itraconazole, commonly used to treat toenail fungus, can
also block angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels
commonly seen in cancers. Tumor angiogenesis is the
proliferation of a network of blood vessels that
penetrates into cancerous growths, supplying nutrients
and oxygen and removing waste products.[2]
Cancer researchers studying the conditions necessary for
cancer metastasis have discovered that angiogenesis is
one of the critical events required for metasteses to
occur.[3]
In mice induced to have excess blood vessel growth,
treatment with itraconazole reduced blood vessel growth
by 67% compared to placebo. “We were surprised, to say
the least, that itraconazole popped up as a potential
blocker of angiogenesis,” says Dr. Jun O. Liu, professor
of pharmacology. “We couldn’t have predicted that an
antifungal drug would have such a role.” Itraconazole
was found to reduce the numbers of circulating cancer
cells, prevent the worsening of prostate cancers, and
delay the need for chemotherapy.
However, it has serious side effects when given in the
necessary high dosages that include hypertension, low
potassium levels and fluid retention. These side effects
require treatment with other medications. Effects of
high doses of itraconazole could lead to heart failure.[4]

For two decades
John Hopkins has recognized the increasing frequency
of severe fungal infections in patients with neoplastic
diseases. Most fungal infections are caused by the
commonly recognized opportunistic fungi Candida spp and
Aspergillus spp, and the pathogenic fungi Cryptococcus
neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidiodes immitis,
and less often by Blastomyces dermatidis.
However, recently newer pathogens such as
Pheohyphomycetes, Hyalohyphomycetes, Zygomycetes and
other fungi of emerging importance such as Torulopsis
glabrata, Trichosporon beigelii, Malassezia spp,
Saccharomyces spp, Hansenula spp, Rhodotorula spp, and
Geotrichum candidum have appeared as significant causes
of infection in this patient population.

Dr.
Tullio Simoncini
does not say that cancer is caused by yeast; what he is
telling the world is that the cancer is a yeast
overgrowth. What causes the cancer (or a yeast-filled
tumor) is another thing. Simoncini has always insisted
that tumors are white because they are fungi. Some have
made fun of him, but looking around at the extremely
sparse information about the subject, I ran into one
person saying:

If someone had asked me a
year ago what color the inside of a tumor was, I would
have guessed red and gray. When they did the biopsy, I
asked to see the tissue specimens: five quarter-inch to
half-inch strings of vermicelli (Italian for little
worms) with little streakings of blood. They didn’t look
evil to me, just strings of fat. The
entire mass was white inside as the pathology report
stated.

Specialists in throat and
mouth cancer say that cancers can be red or white
patches: any patch that appears randomly and is red or
white in color could be a mouth cancer symptom. The
white patches in the mouth are called leukoplakia and
the red patches are called erythroplakia, which are
pre-cancerous conditions.
Though these red or white patches are not always
cancerous, it could be the result of a fungal infection
caused by Candida called thrush.[5] Thrush will lead to
a red patch that often bleeds after the white patch
disappears.
A small amount of this fungus lives in your mouth most
of the time. It is usually kept in check by your immune
system and other types of germs that also normally live
in your mouth. However, when your immune system is weak,
the fungus can grow.

Fungal Mycotoxins
It just so happens that a toxin produced by mold on nuts
and grains can cause liver cancer, according to
University of California Irvine Researchers. And a
French case-control study of 1,010 breast cancer cases
and 1,950 controls with nonmalignant diseases found that
breast cancer was associated with increased frequency of
mold-fermented cheese consumption.[6] Fungi produce
mycotoxins, which can kill us or cause cancer.

Dr. Wang and Groopman from
the Environmental Health Sciences Department at Johns
Hopkins published on the effects of mold toxins on DNA
in Mutation Research, a leading cancer journal.[7]
They said mycotoxins with carcinogenic potency include
aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin, fumonisins,
zearalenone, and some Penicillium toxins. Most of these
carcinogenic mycotoxins are genotoxic agents. Aflatoxin
is a potent genotoxic agent, is mutagenic in many model
systems and produces chromosomal aberrations,
micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange, unscheduled DNA
synthesis, and chromosomal strand breaks. Most
strikingly, the relationship between aflatoxin exposure
and development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (liver
cancer) is demonstrated by studies.

Harrison et al. (1993)
examined human breast cancer tissue for evidence of the
presence of aflatoxin.
The researchers examined human DNA from a variety of
tissues and organs to identify and quantify aflatoxin
DNA-adducts. Such adducts are considered to be proof of
the mycotoxin’s presence in a particular tissue.
Aflatoxins may in fact be a risk factor for cancer
induction in a variety of organs in man, in the same
manner as that of cigarette smoking. [8]

DNA from normal and tumorous
tissue obtained from patients with cancer of the breast
was examined.
Tumor tissues had higher aflatoxin-adduct levels than
did normal tissue from the same individual.
The result of this study verifies the presence of
carcinogenic aflatoxin within the cancer tissue and thus
implicates aflatoxin as a cause of breast cancer. That
is the same as saying cancer is a fungus or is caused by
a fungus and this is what Dr. Simoncini has been saying
all along.

Intensive Care Units are
particularly on alert with immunocompromised and
oncology patients for fungal infections. “Patients with
brain tumors used to have a life expectancy of 3-12
months, but better treatment has allowed them to live a
bit longer,” said Brenda Shelton, clinical nurse
specialist at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer
Center,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
“The last two brain tumor ICU patients we treated died
of infection, not of their disease. One patient had a
rare fungus, and the other had candidemia. Years ago,
you would not see most of these fungal infections in
patients with brain tumors because they would not live
long enough.”

“The biggest misconception
is the belief that fungal infections are rare,” Shelton
said. “Another misconception is fungal infections are
like every other severe infection. They are harder to
manage, harder to eradicate and more frequent than
people realize.” One of the most common complications
involved in treating patients with
hematologic cancer is fungal infections.

Aspergillus niger fungal
infection in human lungs produces large amounts of
oxalic acid, which is extremely toxic to the blood
vessels and which may cause fatal pulmonary hemorrhages.
Consequently, oxalic acid (calcium oxalate crystals) in
the sputum or lung specimens of patients is also an
indication of an Aspergillus infection of the lung.
These calcium oxalate crystals are the same as the
calcium oxalate found in breast cancers. The presence of
oxalates in the breast is indicative of the presence of
fungi interwoven within the stages of breast cancer
development. Since humans do not make oxalic acid
themselves, this is an appropriate conclusion.[9]

Dr. Robert Young states, “Bacteria, yeast/fungi, and
mold are not the cause of a cancerous condition but are
the result and the evidence of cells and tissues
biologically transforming from a healthy state and to an
unhealthy state.” Dr. Young astutely observed that,
“over-acidification of the body leads to the development
of chronic yeast and fungal infections and ultimately a
cancerous condition of the cells and tissues.”
If one has cancer, chances are pretty good that one also
has a fungal infection to one degree or another.
According to The Home Medical Encyclopedia, in 1963
about one-half of all Americans suffered from an
“unrecognized” systemic fungal condition. Far more
Americans suffer from fungal infections today as
antibiotics, hormone replacement therapies, and birth
control pills continue to be consumed like candy. Thus
more and more children are becoming infected with
candidal meningitis or viral meningitis, which means
their systems are suffering under the weight of fungi
who put out an assortment of poisons—or mycotoxins.

Sodium Bicarbonate
is an Antifungal Agent
The current controversy over sodium bicarbonate and its
use in oncology might be relatively new but baking soda
has a long history of helping people get through the
worst medical conditions.
The Eloquent Peasant, an Egyptian literary work dated
around 2000 B.C., refers to a peddler selling natron, a
natural blend of sodium bicarbonate, chloride and sodium
carbonate used in mummification, just one of hundreds of
uses this compound has been put to. Baking soda’s first
widespread use was probably as a leavening agent for
bread and other baked goods. It has been used
commercially since 1775, although the now-famous Arm &
Hammer brand wasn’t introduced until 1867.[10]

Sodium bicarbonate (Na2HCO3)
is recognized by most as ordinary baking soda, which is
found in deposits around the globe. Its backbone
characteristic is to maintain balance of carbon dioxide,
bicarbonate and pH. Sodium bicarbonate is available and
sold in every supermarket and pharmacy in the world and
is widely used in emergency rooms and intensive care
wards in injectable forms but is sold as a common
household substance that is used for hundreds of
different things.

Read my book,
Sodium Bicarbonate, and see that something as
inexpensive as baking soda will outperform the most
expensive pharmaceuticals. Across a wide range of
disorders, including cancer and diabetes, we find
conclusive evidence and plenty of theoretical backing to
suggest that sodium bicarbonate is a frontline universal
medicine that should be employed by all practitioners of
the healing and medical arts for a broad range of
disorders that are afflicting contemporary man.