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basalt

SRI Petrography ID: 25

Names

[de]

Basalt

[en]

basalt

Description

Mostly fine grained dark volcanic rock, can contain coarser
crystals. Formed from a low-silica (around 50 wt.% silica) lava
that is rich in magnesium and iron.
Basalt is a hard, often dense, volcanic rock composed of
plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, biotite and olivine (as well as
apatite and magnetite), often having a glassy appearance, contains
no quartz.
Basalt can also be vesicular (porous) due to gas bubbles in the
lava. These vesicles can be filled with secondary minerals like
Quartz, Calcite or some rare Silicates (amygdaloidal basalt).
Molten basalt spreads very rapid and forms big lava fields. Basalt
is the principle rock of the ocean floor.
Some basalts are porphyritic, they contain large crystals
(“phenocrysts”) embedded in a matrix (groundmass). Phenocrysts
(often olivine and pyroxene) crystallize in the magma chamber.