How to find an Example of a Term Paper when you are in Need

Do you love writing? Well, whether writing it is your hobby or tops your list of things you hate in life does not matter. The underlying factor is that term paper writing is a compulsory assignment in college. Before your academic year ends, you will submit a term paper in your area of specialization. For your information, scoring high grades in your term paper can be an easy and impossible mission depending on how you prepare. A recommended way of overcoming these challenges is finding a good example of a term paper to help you master different elements, which tutors look for.

In this guide, you will find the following sections:

Understanding Term papers

Elements of a good term paper

Examples of excellent term papers

The don’ts of term paper writing

Do not rush reading this handout because it is the key to a successful term paper. Take your time and grasp every segment. Do not hesitate sharing these secrets with your pals and excel as a class. Are you ready? Let us go….

Things to look for in a good Example of a Term Paper

What to note about term papers

A term paper is any academic paper that is worth publishing. It is a common writing assignment for students in colleges. If you are a freshman in college, prepare to tackle several term paper be before you graduate in that field.

Term papers pose a range of challenges to students, who find it tasking to compile a sensible academic paper and present for grading at the end of an academic year. You can only write an appealing term paper if you have the right knowledge, skills, and experience.

In addition, good term paper writers are patient and persevering in order to hone their skills. A good starting point can be laying your hands on an example of a term paper to understand basic principles like format and style.

No matter how short your term paper is, you must include the following:

Parts of a good term paper

The introduction- This acts like the head of your paper. It shows the reader what you are discussing and contextualizes the issue at hand. Your intro should capture your problem and present a summary of solutions to the issue.

Length- The length of your introduction depends on the overall length of your term paper. However, a standard intro should be 10% of the total paper. Thus, a twenty-paged term paper will have two pages of introduction while short papers may have a paragraph or a few sentences as the introduction.

Functions of an introduction: A good introduction does the following things to your term paper:

Provides background information – This is relevant information on the topic, which will help year readers understand what you are doing.

Contextualizes the issue – Your introduction should put the issue into perspective. Tell the reader what you are discussing, giving them reasons why they should read your paper.

Gives your thesis statement – a complete introduction has your thesis at the end. This is your main idea, claim or argument. It gives a roadmap of how you will defend your argument in the rest of the paper.

A paper whose introduction does not meet these needs then it is not a good example of a term paper to help you become a better writer.

State the problem – Your introduction should tell the reader more about the problem, including its significance. Here, you justify the need to conduct a thorough study on the issue. As you do so, propose ways of dealing with the problem and possible solutions.

Literature review – This is a detailed section. It shows the current findings, and approaches on the issue. Dig into academic sources and find out what different authors say about the issue at hand. Remember to cite your sources using recommended styles like APA, MLA, Chicago and Harvard among others.

Important elements that every term paper must have

Besides a detailed introduction, your term paper should cover the following areas:

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Let us look at these elements in details one after the other:

METHODS – This section shows the approaches you employed to gather information or relevant data on the topic. Common methods to apply in data collection include:

Interviews – Talk to people, including experts on the issue and the public. Interviews help you get deeper knowledge on an issue as you can ask probing and follow up questions during the session.

Questionnaire – Administer questionnaire to a sample of the population within which you are conducting your survey. A question is a list of question, requiring short answers, including YES/NO.

Observation – Here, you go out in the field and document what you see. For example, if you are discussing how student utilize their free time, you will have to note the activities they undertake during this time.

RESULTS – If you are looking for an example of a term paper, settle for one that clearly shows the results of the research. With the results, you can convince the reader that you conducted the research.

Under results, you should capture all your findings. You can present your results in form of tables, graphs, statistics and charts among others.

In addition, tell the reader any problems with your findings. This can be a good chance to state your shortcomings and error margins in your numbers. Findings form a basis for you to recommend future researches changes to methodology for accuracy.

Discussing your results in a term paper

Bring out meaning. Once you have the results, discuss them. Discussion is important because it helps you give meaning to your findings. Remember that a table of results without an analysis makes no sense to the reader.

As you discuss, bring out any observable trends for your audience to understand the gravity of the issue.

Go for important results – Since you have limited time and space, focus on important results in your discussion. Spend time explaining figures that add value to your term paper or provide answers to your research problem.

Draw conclusions – Your conclusions should come from the discussion. Make conclusion based on the results and the research issue you are handling.

Link your results to the worldview – With your findings say how the issues relate to the broader society. This helps the reader to connect your survey with an issue in the real world.

Works Cited – As you search for an example of a term paper, get one from professional writers who do not plagiarize. Remember to acknowledge all the sources you use to develop your ideas.

Consider the following term paper examples. They should help you understand the basic elements of a standard paper:

Examples of term papers

More tips that will guarantee you a good example of a term paper

Good term papers are not easily available. The best option is developing good writing skills. The following hints should always be at your fingertips when handling term papers. Take a look.

Be complete – Your audience will enjoy reading you paper if you give complete information. For example, provide full bibliographical information about your sources, including name of the author, publisher, year of publication, editor, edition, etc.

Be consistent – Stick to one style of referencing. Do not mix citation styles as this is against the cardinal principles of academic writing.

Be kind to the reader – Provide all the information the reader will need. Make good use of footnotes and endnotes.

Number your work – A good term paper should have page numbers to guide the reader. Choose a good numbering system.

Are you looking for where to find an example of a term paper? Here are some the reliable sites that students are turning to for reliable solutions:

Thesis Generator

A thesis generator is a guide, a series of questions that help you to formulate or develop an argument from your topic. It helps you to develop a thesis statement, which is the main idea of your essay in one or two sentences. The statement usually identifies the topic or the writer’s opinion based on that topic. For instance,

Topic: The modern television rating system

Thesis statement: The modern television rating system does very little to help parents to make wise decisions for their children on programming.

Why is a thesis statement essential?

A thesis statement is imperative because it helps you to focus on the subject of your essay. If you can’t sum up the main idea in a few sentences, then you may not have a better understanding of the topic. Note that a thesis statement tests your clarity of thought as a writer. Therefore, once you decide on the main focus of the paper, a thesis statement will further act as a reminder for you to keep the paper organized and focused.

Secondly, a thesis statement enhances the readers understanding. The hallmark of a well-structured paper is a good thesis support outline. This means that your thesis should announce the topic of the essay. The body of the paper will further explain and enhance the topic.

Therefore, it is imperative that you learn how to develop a solid and relevant thesis statement using a thesis generator.

Formulating a thesis statement using a thesis generator

Being a thesis guide development tool, a thesis generator is easy to work with. However, you should follow these steps to formulate the right and ideal statement for your essay

State your subject or topic

State your main idea about the subject as it forms the basis or the heart of your thesis. An ideal and effective statement will

Express one main idea

It will name the topic and assert something specific about it

Create a more ideal thesis statement compared to the above statement. Use your thesis generator to fulfil this goal.

take a stance on a subject about what readers might agree on or disagree

state your opinion or position about the topic

Give the strongest assertion or reason to enhance your main idea or opinion

Give another reason supporting your main idea

State another more solid and strong opinion to enhance your statement

Include another viewpoint to your main idea where applicable. In other words, this should be an opinion or for the opposing view that you belief has a merit even if you do not necessarily agree with this kind of opinion.

Provide an ideal title for your essay

Thesis generator ideas to help you develop your statement

With the right thesis generator ideas, developing a good thesis becomes an easy task.

Equations

Focus about thesis equations as you ask essay questions and make a move towards developing a tentative thesis. Consider the following equations for your thesis

Specific topic angle/attitude/argument = Thesis

What are you planning to argue+ how you plan to argue it= Thesis

Thesis Stems

Use different stems to develop a proficient and advanced thesis statement

You can rank with justification (move from most important to the least important or move from least important to the most important)

Contrasts (of perspectives)

State the most significant cause or reason behind your argument and contrast it

Reveal perception vs reality

For example, if so and so may have believed in X, the real causes include x and z

Give good vs bad reasons

List reasons for the cause of x and differentiate between valid and invalid reasons

Cause and Effect

Give causes and effects of certain occurrences and challenge it. For example, the effects of rampage were ………………..and the causes were unjustifiable.

Question stems

Engage in a brainstorming session because it will not only help you develop a good thesis. It will also help you to weigh your possibilities and focus on the statement. Question stems in a thesis generator help you to create a solid statement and write a good essay. Some of the questions that will help you write a good statement include

What should be the reaction of the readers?

Who are the key players in each side and what do they contribute and how?

What is the significance and impact of?

Can I compare? How is X similar or different from Y

What if, can I predict?

How could we solve, design, enhance or deal with?

What is the value or what are the potential benefits of what you belief in?

Give reasons for what you believe in (give three to five reasons)

Guidelines to using a thesis generator

As mentioned above, a thesis generator enables you to create a thesis statement with ease. You should however,

Choose an ideal topic based on the subject you are writing about

Use of short phrases and fill all the fields required to make your essay complete

Avoid the use of punctuation marks

Check out examples of thesis statements from past papers

Confirm your thesis

Choose your favorite statement and use it in your writing and

Follow the right outline based on the type of essay you are writing. A basic outline for your thesis should include

An introductory paragraph

Body paragraphs

first paragraph making the first assertion

second paragraph making the second assertion

Third paragraph making the third assertion and is your strongest point. Refute any opposing point of views to your thesis statement in this paragraph.

Conclusion

The thesis should also feature a concluding paragraph rephrasing your thesis statement. Synthesize the points you made in your introduction and echo it.

Use your thesis generator and the above outline to draft a good thesis. You can condense it to match the size of your argument or main point.

Examples of a thesis generator

Example one

What is your general conclusion about this topic e.g. listening to your favorite music is good for your health

What is the main claim, idea or argument for your conclusion e.g. music plays a crucial role in reducing stress

What is another ideal argument for your conclusion e.g. tests revealed that it helps to relieve pain

What is the main argument against the conclusion e.g. people can respond differently to the same kind of music

(Check out the above thesis generator and get more information on how you can develop your thesis).

Example 2

Write down the topic of your essay as assigned by your tutor

State what you believe to be true about the topic you wish to argue about? Take your stance

What is the qualification for the stance you make? Is what you say often true? Are there exceptions; are there good reasons why the stance you take may have a down side?

What is the reason behind your stance? Ask yourself why you believe that your position is correct. However, determine if your reasons will follow smoothly in the body of your essay

Put them together in one or two sentences, present your thesis including your qualification, reasons behind the position you wish to take and the position you take

NOTE: The easiest and most traditional way to combine your ideas in a thesis generator is by presenting your qualifications first. This is because it instantly demonstrates your understanding of what a thesis is and your interest in accuracy.

Visit this link and check out the thesis generator therein to get more ideas on how to use a thesis creator.

Example 3

Topic: Compare and contrast different relations between humans. Give examples from personal experiences and texts read or viewed. After comparing and contrasting them, make a claim about what you belief are our responsibilities and rights towards natural world in general. Give reasons and evidence behind your stance

Thesis statement generator

Identify the topic or subject of your paper: relationships between teens and their parents

Turn the subject into a leading or guiding question: how does the relationship between parents and their teen children change?

Use your statement to answer the question: as teenagers become more independent, they tend to resist and resent limitations and expectations imposed to them by their parents

Refine the statement into a working thesis: conflict between parents and their teenage children is usually difficult but an essential part of teen growth or development.

Therefore your thesis generator in simple terms should help you

Identify the subject of your essay

Turn the subject to a guiding question

Answer your essay question with a statement and

Refine the statement into a working thesis

Check out this link and learn more about the above thesis statement generator.

If you need more guidelines on how to create a thesis generator and developing your thesis, contact us today. We have the best assignment writing experts for all your writing needs.

Rhetorical Analysis Outline

Rhetorical analysis essay is a paper that analyzes an argument in specific text. The task of writing such an essay is not easy but with an outline, organizing your paper becomes easy. Rhetorical analysis outline is a structure that guides you on how to put your thoughts, ideas and points in the final essay and develop a compelling argument. In this article, you will find useful tips on how to structure an outline for your paper, how to use and examples of good outlines for different essays. Read on.

Composing an ideal rhetorical analysis outline

Before you write a rhetorical analysis essay, you got to work on a good structure and stick to it. This is because

It can be quite challenging to organize your thoughts and ideas structurally

It is also easy to get mixed up and get swept when discussing or analyzing the work of another writer

Note that despite the fact that you are discussing the work of another writer, you are still expected to keep the structure of basic essay which includes an introduction, thesis, body and conclusion

For the introduction, you should try to grab the attention of target audience and in a few sentences

Develop a narrow and strong thesis statement

In the body of your rhetorical analysis, you would want to enhance your thesis. You have to concisely analyze your essay by taking one paragraph to analyze each aspect of the writer’s argument. It is however very important that you do not agree with the author’s text or the speaker you are analyzing. In some cases, you may feel that the argument of an author actually crumbles

Therefore, take another perspective and analyze the text by criticizing lack of proof of the thesis statement and point out areas where the argument starts to break down.

In the conclusion, you would want something solid and a wrap up that is conclusive or ultimate in general. Consider discussing how you see the argument from a positive or negative larger view.

Structuring your outline as above is imperative when writing your essay because you will have a better and clear understanding of particular text sections and more specifically, those that serve the general goal of the writer. It will help you answer the questions

What’s your general objective for analyzing the text?

What do you have to do to achieve your analysis goals?

What kind of rhetorical moves do you wish to make or could you possibly make

What to include in a rhetorical analysis outline

Introduction: background information and thesis

The introduction of a rhetorical analysis essay should include background information about the topic you are analyzing. This information should help target audience to understand the nature of your analysis. For this reason, offer details on the title of your work, author and details of publication. It is also imperative to include a statement of the speaker’s argument and topic.

Thesis

Create a solid thesis statement offering an evaluation of the writer’s main argument. Go ahead to offer specific examples and analytical reasons or appeals.Body: Analysis, Interpretation, and Evaluation

Main argument 1: focus on the use of logos in source and

Draft the first supporting paragraph giving logical examples of the type of logical appeal. State whether the appeal is based on deductive reasoning, cause and effect or inductive reasoning. In either case, give supporting evidence, statistics and illustrations.

Supporting paragraph 2: give an explanation as to why the example you have given is effective for the argument the author is making.

Main argument 2: pathos in source

Focus on the way the author used pathos in source. Give concrete examples of the pathetic appeals and target audience from trace. This means that you should write this paragraph giving examples of what appeals to the values of audience’s and their motivation.

You should also write the second supporting statement evaluating the effectiveness of this appeal on the argument. It is an essential part of rhetorical analysis outline and gives more credibility to your essay.

Main argument 3: Ethos

Give solid examples of ethical appeals employed by the author. State the appeals while using text, author and constraints from trace to gain more authority, achieve more credibility. Note that ethos can be invented or situated ethos.

For the second paragraph, it is essential that you evaluate carefully the effectiveness of the argument.

Conclusion: Final thoughts and re-highlight evaluation

A rhetorical analysis essay also includes a conclusion and it is usually a summary of your assessment, final thoughts and it should be a re-emphasize of your analysis. Therefore, make the final statement about the nature of the argument in regards to the topic. For instance, you can state whether the topic is highly emotional, is it a new topic that should be used to motivate other people or a subject that is unlikely to be addressed in the future.

Rhetorical analysis outline examples

With the above information on what a rhetorical analysis outline entails, you should be able to organize your paper. However, you can effectively write your analysis by reviewing a few examples of rhetorical analysis outline.

Good examples help you to extend your understanding of what a topic or text is all about and how it works rhetorically. Note that many students are used to summarizing what the text is all about instead of analyzing the content. In a rhetorical analysis outline, you ought to examine and evaluate why the text says something about particular things.

You ought to state clearly what the general purpose of the author is. This should also be in the most natural way. Therefore, reviewing different examples will enable you to sum up how specific text operates or functions within the entire essay.

Rhetorical analysis outline examples will also help you to clearly see how the text you need to analyze operates at a micro level, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph and section by section. This kind of analysis is specifically useful based on the fact that it helps you to write a good summary, focus on an analysis and critique of the speaker’s rhetorical methods.

Example 1

Introduction

Introduce your subject or analysis topic

Make your statement clear

Engage readers

Focus on objective analysis

Summarize rhetorical situation

Determine the issue

What is the context?

Who is making the argument?

Who is the target audience?

What is the thesis or main point?

What kind of argument is being presented in the text?

Summary of the argument’s appeals

Give a summary of ethos, describe the character of the author, credentials, and state his or her good will and likeability

Summarize logos and describe in detail the work of logos for instance, is the author’s argument logical or not? Give evidence for the same

Pathos- what are some of the specific emotions that the argument evoke

Give a summary of the claim negotiates opposing statements

Does the work acknowledge opposing evidence and claims? Does it do so fairly and thoroughly?

Example 2

Draft a thesis statement, choose what to start with, for instance is the statement effective or not effective

Reason 1

Reason 2

Reason 3

Reason 4

When giving reasons supporting your thesis statement, you should be very careful, do not go crazy, but be natural and honest. This will help you to keep your analysis on focus.

Body

Supporting point one

Supporting point two

Supporting point three

Supporting point four

Conclusion

Write how your supporting statements or points work together enhance your thesis

State what the author might have done to make his or her effective (if you argue that the statement was effective, do you think that it could have been better? If so, give reasons.

Download this outline and get more details of how you can structure your paper.

Example 3

Introduction

Talk about the speaker, occasion and subject of your analysis

Write about the purpose of the author and what the author does in the topic of analysis

Focus on audience; does the author employ the right tone to keep the audience? For example, the author creates a highly dramatic tone to convey to target audience that the winds have inescapable effects and are sinister

Body

This is the rhetorical analysis outline part and you should include a clear explanation of strategies employed by the author. Most importantly, work chronologically through the text; discuss each idea in each paragraph, one at ago.

Conclusion

The conclusion of a rhetorical analysis is often the easiest part. In one or two sentences, remind your readers of what you said in the introduction and briefly.

This link leads you to the above rhetorical analysis structure and offers more information on ow you organize your paper.

If you need professional assistance writing a rhetorical analysis outline and a rhetorical essay, you can always contact us. We guarantee you custom help on a wide range of academic papers.

Intrinsic vs. Instrumental Value

A comparison of intrinsic value vs. instrumental value brings out the differences and similarities of these ideas. These values have been seen as contrasting ideas since the start of philosophical debates among philosophers.

Intrinsic value refers to a philosophic and ethical property. An intrinsic value is a philosophic and ethical value that is found in an object or for its sake. An object that has an intrinsic value can be considered as an end-in-itself or an end.

On the other hand, an instrumental value is an extrinsic value or a contributory value. It is a value that an object has both abstract object and physical object and it is not an end or end-in-itself but a means that it can use to achieve something else. Instrumental value is studied in value theory.

An intrinsic value is usually contrasted with instrumental value. In this regard, instrumental value is considered as the value that depends on the amount of intrinsic value that it generates. Happiness comprises of an intrinsic value for eudaemonists. On the other hand, a family might not comprise of an intrinsic value but it can be an instrumental value because it brings happiness.

In axiology, intrinsic value is employed in studying value or quality. Ethic good that has instrumental value can be considered as an ethic means without necessarily being the end itself. Thus, the major difference between instrumental value and intrinsic value is that an instrumental value is a means of achieving ethical decision while an intrinsic value is seen as a human nature.

These two makes a philosophic argument on whether a value is a means to an end or an end in itself. However, when put together the ideas fit well.

Theory of an instrumental value originates from the notion of an idea or object leading to another value indirectly or directly. For instance, if a person enjoys reading, the action of reading gives them pleasure. Thus, reading as an action leads to a value which is happiness.

Theory of an intrinsic value however, is based on the idea that certain values or beliefs are just what they are. For instance, happiness is intrinsic because it is a feeling or emotion. It is difficult to control what makes an individual happy but everybody agrees that it is a good emotion or feeling. Thus, an emotional value, happiness is the end. As such, an intrinsic value is a belief that leads a person into making a judgment about a situation.

While an instrumental value is easy to define and easy to identify, an intrinsic value is tricky in most cases. The notion that an intrinsic value is not explainable apart from agreeing that it is a value itself makes it difficult to define and identify.

Contrary to this, an instrumental value is simply an indirect or direct means via which intrinsic value can be observed. This is because an instrumental value is simply a means to the end and the intrinsic value is the end.

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Instrumental Variable

Instrumental variable is used in estimating casual relationships when a treatment is not delivered to all units successfully or a controlled experiment is not feasible in a randomized experiment in statistics, epidemiology, econometrics and other related disciplines.

Philip G. Wright derived the instrumental variable theory for the first time in a book entitled; The Tariff on Animal and Vegetable Oils. Instrumental variables are traditionally defined as variable Z with a correlation with an independent variable X without a correlation with the error term U in an equation.

The equation is as follows:

Y= βX +U

However, this definition has concept ambiguities that include independent variable and error term. This has caused confusion regarding the meaning that this equation has and it has been labeled as “regression” wrongly.

The method of instrumental variable allows for consistent estimation in the experiments with correlated explanatory variables with error terms of regression relationships. This correlation can occur when one of the explanatory variables is caused by a dependent variable, when the explanatory variables are subjected to measurement errors or when relevant covariates or explanatory variables are omitted in the model.

In any of these situations, inconsistent and biased estimates are generally produced by linear regression. Nevertheless, if there is an instrument variable, it is still possible to obtain consistent estimates. An instrument variable refers to a variable that is not part of the explanatory equation. It is correlated to endogenous covariates that are condition to the other explanatory variables.

In a linear model, using instrumental variable has two major requirements. First, the instrument has to be correlated to the endogenous covariates that are conditional to other explanatory variables. Second, the instrument should not be correlated to the error term in covariates equation. This implies that the instrument should not suffer from a similar problem with an original, predicting variable.

The method of instrumental variable has been used in estimating policy variable of the effects of a treatment in an experimental design that is not feasible and it has been successful. Estimating the casual impacts has several difficulties. Even randomized experiments are not perfect in some parts because researchers can seldom, if possible, perform true experiments.

Instrumental variable analysis is one of the most compelling quasi-experimental methods that are used in estimating impacts since the assumptions required to provide justification for the instrumental method are more plausible that the ones required in justifying other experimental methods.

Researchers have proposed the instrumental variable method as one of the potential approaches in solving common problems of the uncontrolled confounding in the comparative studies in medical interventions. Over the years, several reviews have been done on the instrumental variable methods in biomedical and statistical literature at different technical levels and substantive emphases have been made. However, many researchers are still unfamiliar with instrumental variable and its application.

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US Electoral College

The US Electoral College is the highly presumed institution that legitimately elects the president and the vice president of the United States. It is a process that is established in the United States constitution. An Electoral College is made up of 538 electors who take part in the elections. Electors are the chosen and authorized constitutional participants who foresee the success of an election and are chosen by a popular vote on a state-to-state strategy. Hence, U.S president and the vice president are not directly elected by the voters, but Citizens vote for the electors who pick the best candidate.

There is a deep-rooted history on the U.S Electoral College. The year 1787 changed the face and history of America. It was an era when a group of national leaders drafted the U.S constitution whilst another group decided that the average citizen should not elect a president without a system to link the process – the Electoral College. At the time, many politicians believed that the most popular candidate was likely to win the election and this was a uncontrolled strategy that favors certain areas.

The Electoral College process worked effectively until 1800 when there was a tied election outcome between Arron Burr and Thomas Jefferson. But electors from both parties were selected to elect the best candidate. This outcome also resulted to 12th amendment of the Unites States constitution which clarified more on the electoral voting process. Today, each state has to present a number of electors’ equivalent to the number of senators and its representatives.

Despite being the most effective election process in United States, the Electoral College has been faced by a number of critics and proposals. Unfortunately, most of the debaters have been trying to abolish the Electoral College. Those against the U.S Electoral College and preferred a direct popular vote of the president cite issues such as;

The possibility of having “faithless” electors.

Risk of electing a minority president who has fewer numbers of votes.

Failure to of the electors to reflect the national popular voter will and

Possibility of the Electoral College in disappointing voter turnout.

Supporters of the U.S Electoral College have normally stood to defend it on its logical ground asserting that;

It brings out the consistency of the nation by ensuring distribution of the popular support to rightfully elected president.

It also boosts the status of minority interests

The process also maintains a federal way of government and exceptional representation

It also contributes to the political stability of the nation by boosting a two-party system.

The U.S Electoral College has played great roles over 50 presidential and vice president elections. It has also been in the forefront to pledging peaceful presidential elections that meet and gratify the needs of the people. The Electoral College has stood as an essential piece of American Federalist democracy for many years and millions Americans treasure it to date. Hence, due to its transparency and consistence in the election process, no one should have any qualms voting for his or her desired candidate.

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Illinois Pension Crisis

Illinois is one of the great states in United States. It is the 5th most densely inhabited state with an extensive and diverse economic base. The dollar gross state product for Illinois by 2010 was estimated to be US$652 billion while the state’s taxpayer burden in 2011 approximately hit US$38,500 mark per taxpayer. On top of this, unemployment rate in the state was estimated at 11.5% as of March 2010 and it has been decreasing with time. Currently, Illinois is going through the worst pension crisis in history. The recent passage of the breakthrough Illinois pension bill implies that the long fight over how to address the massive pension crisis will shift to courts.

There has been a lot of hullabaloo on whether the Illinois pension issue is a crisis that demands nation attention or not. Many leaders within the state have controverted their statements many times on the issue. The pension crises that have been facing Illinois have not only impacted state operations, but also have threatened education, public safety, social services and any other area of the public interest. Like many other states in Unites States, the ratio of workers to pensioners has been declining on daily basis.

With many public servants anticipating for retirement security, there have been differences on whether to abide to the Illinois pension systems. If proper reforms are not decreed, many retirees will lose or have their pensions deducted. These taxpayers will be pushed into huge bailout and the youngsters in such for better jobs might not pension at all. With a bill being tabled by the Illinois senate, it is wise to keep a number of things about the Illinois pension crisis in mind. They include;

The Illinois pension crisis is a vast burden to the taxpayers as they are on the nail for more than $203 billion in local pension and state deficit. This means that, every household has a deficit of $42,000.

The structure of the Illinois pension system can be blamed for the catastrophes. Most of the residents unfunded liabilities are due disaster of defined benefit plans.

More than 63% of current Illinois state pensioners retired before the age of 60 years, a decade before those in the private sector.

The current pension bill will not save the day and common citizens as it will do more harm than the anticipated benefits. This is because the bill will only reduce Illinois pension deficit to 2011 levels. The bill also lets state workers to retire in their late 50s and enjoy full benefits that come with their retirement package. On top of this, the pension bill also reduces state work contributions, placing larger burden on the taxpayers.

The average Illinois state retiree contributes only 6% of what they will receive in his or her pension payouts. This means that, many workers contribute less and expect to earn more when their retirement benefits are due.

Illinois is facing the worst pension crisis in United States. Pension reform bills have been passed, but many have been a step backward for the state. For Illinois to overcome this pension crisis, real reforms that will move the state away from defined benefits and in relation to worker-controlled retirements need to be ratified and save the state from indebtedness.

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Example of a Conclusion

It is always advisable that you know how to determine the best example of a conclusion online to refer to when writing academic papers. Besides, you should also know where to get the right example of an academic paper conclusion for successful results. However, there is no reason to worry because you will find herein, the best advice on how to easily get the right example for use in writing a good conclusion for an essay or any other academic paper.

A strong example of a conclusion is the best reference material that you should rely on when writing an academic paper. An example is basically a sample drawn from a typical paper that is written by other students or professionals. A professionally written one can vividly show you how an outstanding conclusion should be crafted.

A good conclusion sample highlights the recommended structure for writing the final section of an academic paper. With the framework, you will always find an easy time writing the conclusion for your paper. Besides, a well written example can also provide you with ideas on how to write conclusions for other papers in future.

In order to get the best results with an example of a conclusion, it is always important that you use a properly written sample. In fact, the quality of the example that you use greatly determines the way your conclusion will be written. Therefore, you have to be very keen on where you obtain the sample from and also the example that you use.

Tips on how to choose a good example of a conclusion

Choosing the best quality example of a conclusion can sometimes seem challenging to most students. However, there are only a few things that you should take note of in order to always make the right choices.

When looking for a conclusion example to use, it is always advisable that you go for one that is written by professionals or experts on that particular subject. That is best sample that can offer you an ideal structure for a good academic paper conclusion. Professionals are people with expertise on the subject or coursework.

It is also advisable that you look for an example that is based on the subject of your paper. Using a sample conclusion for a different subject to write your own can be misleading and even confusing. However, it should be noted that an example is only to guide you in writing. Therefore, you should not copy it word to word or directly as it is.

The aim of an example is to enable you get ideas on how a good conclusion should be written. Lifting statements or content from the sample and copying onto yours is not allowed and may amount to plagiarism. In the event that you use part of the statements in the sample, it should be properly referenced in your conclusion according to the recommended style.

In academic writing, conclusions should be strong and brief. Therefore, it would also be important that you carefully read through a couple of examples in order to gauge them based on these elements. Conclusions that are too long and dotted with vague statements are not usually good to use, so try to avoid them.

Since you will need to refer to examples of conclusions often when writing assignments and term papers, it is also important that you find a source that can offer you the required sample at your own convenience. The internet is the most convenient place where you should obtain sample conclusions.

By choosing to acquire sample conclusions from a reliable source, you will never be caught up in the last minute rush to complete assignments or term papers since you will always get the sample at the right time.

When obtaining sample conclusions online, it should also be noted that the sources have different terms and conditions regarding the use of those samples. Some sources offer conclusion examples at a fee while others free of charge. Therefore, ensure that you carefully know the terms of using the example beforehand.

Where to get the best example of a conclusion online

There are several places where you can find an example of a conclusion over the internet. However, not all can offer you the best quality samples. Besides, other sources are not reliable enough to offer you the required examples at your time of need.

The following as some of the best sources to acquire a sample conclusion from.

Your school’s writing center

Today, almost all academic institutions ranging from high schools to universities have writing centers that are dedicate to helping students in academic writing. The one for your school can be a good place to acquire an example of an essay or research paper conclusion online. In case your school does not have one, you can still find help from writing centers of other institutions that offer similar courses as yours.

The University of Maryland Writing Center is one of the school writing centers that you can visit for examples of academic paper conclusions. Almost all school writing centers can be accessible online, so you can always get the samples at your own convenience.

Academic writing services

There are websites dedicated to offering paper writing help to students and could also be ideal sources for sample conclusions. The benefit of such sites is that they will only offer you sample conclusions but also custom written pieces on request. However, some of the services are offered at a fee, based on your needs.

Academic writing service providers can also offer you professional advice on how to write good conclusions for your papers. CustomWritingService is one of the best service providers that you can contact online for sample essay, research paper and dissertation conclusions. The site also has a blog from where you can easily acquire the examples that you need at any time.

Library

Although many students today avoid visiting the library, it still remains a great place to obtain reference materials for writing academic papers. The library contains a collection of materials that can assist you in writing good conclusions for academic papers.

Considering the development of technology, you can now access a wide range of learning materials from various libraries online from the comfort of your seat. The University of Guelph Library is one of the places that you can check out online for examples of paper conclusions. Besides, the library also offers more insights on how to write conclusions and others parts of an academic paper.

Academic blogs

There are websites that offer academic help to students and could also assist you whenever you need a sample conclusion. However, you must be very keen to find one that is ruin by professionals. A good academic blog will not only offer you an example but also more information on how an ideal conclusion should be structured.

Literacy Education Online is one of the blogs from where you can obtain examples of conclusions. The site offers a wide range of sample conclusions and also comprehensive guidelines on how to write unique and outstanding conclusions for essays and other academic papers.

Examples of well written Conclusions

The following samples will help you in determining the best quality example of a conclusion online.

Example 1

Sample Conclusion for an essay

‘’…As previously stated, what differentiates university-standard writing from other forms are the expectations held by the academics who will assess the writing. These include the expectation that essays will be thoroughly planned, and clearly structured, making the arguments and ideas they provide easy to follow. There is also a very high expectation of the style of writing that will be used; it must meet academic standards…’’ Read the other parts of the sample here.

Example 2

Sample conclusion that ends with a question

‘’Campaign advertisements should help us in understanding the candidate’s qualifications and positions on the issues. Instead, most tell us what a boob or knave the opposing candidate is, or they present general images of the candidates as a family person or God-fearing American. Do such advertisements contribute to the creation of an informed electorate or a people who choose political leaders the same way they choose soft drinks and soap?’’Read the sample and more insights about conclusions for academic papers on this link,

Example 3

Sample essay Conclusion

‘’I thought I would spend a few hours at Disneyland, but here I was at 1:00 AM, closing time, leaving the front gates with the now dark towers of the Magic Kingdom behind me. I could see tired children, toddling along and struggling to keep their eyes open as best they could. Others slept in their parent’s arms as we waited for the parking lot tram that would take us to our cars. My forty-year-old feet ached, and I felt a bit sad to think that in a couple of days I would be leaving California, my vacation over, to go back to my desk…’’Find the rest of the sample conclusion here.

In case you may need a professionally crafted example of a conclusion, do not hesitate to talk to us. Alternatively, you can also visit our blog to continue reading more about conclusions for academic papers.

Sample Essay about Yourself

Knowing how to write a sample essay about yourself is a crucial step towards enhancing your oral and written communication skills. An essay about yourself is not quite different from other essays or academic papers and knowing how to write one can be quite beneficial to your endeavors at school and also career. With proper guidance and insights that are offered herein, you will easily find out how to develop a good essay about yourself.

A sample essay about yourself can also be called a personal essay. The aim of writing this kind of essay paper is to explain yourself to the readers by addressing your traits, talents, experiences, skills among other elements that can be used to describe you as fit for a particular position or duty.

You can be asked to write a sample essay about yourself for college admission, job application or even scholarship application. On the other hand, it can also be given as an assignment at school. Therefore, it is very important that you know how to write a good sample essay about yourself in order to be successful.

Guidelines on how to write a sample essay about yourself

Considering that there are several things you may need to discuss about yourself, writing a personal essay can sometimes seem challenging. However, there is no reason to worry, instead, read the following guidelines to easily find out how to craft a strong sample essay about yourself.

Identify the purpose or theme of the essay

Personal essay can be written for different reasons, and it is always advisable that you determine the reason for yours in advance. A personal essay can be aimed at entertaining readers, informing them and supporting or opposing a particular position.

For example, if your essay is for a job or college application, the purpose is to inform. Defining the purpose of the essay will assist you in brainstorming ideas for the essay and also choosing an ideal approach to take in writing.

Think about what to write

A personal essay should clearly describe you to the readers in such a way that one can easily know who you are by reading the paper. Although it may not say much about yourself, it should give comprehensive information that can be used to understanding the kind of a person that you are.

Therefore, it is important that you take some time to think of what to share in the essay. When doing this, always remember the purpose of the essay. There are various ideas that you can explore in writing a personal essay including overcoming obstacles, great successes among others.

Try to think of those experiences, skills and talents that can effectively describe you to the audience. It is advisable that you list as many as you can remember in order to have a variety of options to narrow down to.

Revise your points

Personal essays are often timed and you will also be given specifications on the number of words to cover in the paper. Thus, you have to properly argue out your points and come up with the key ones that can be used in giving a better description of yourself.

Depending on the purpose of the paper, carefully choose your points from the listed experiences, traits and skills. The key points should be supportive of the role that you intend the essay to play. In order to have a better flow of ideas, start by choosing the points for the introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion in that order.

Try to think of the essay as a story about yourself when identifying the points to use. Your points should also include additional information or examples that will be mentioned in the paper to make a compelling discussion.

Draft an outline

After you have decided on the particular approach to pursue and main points for the paper, the details should be well listed down in an outline. This is a plan showing the various sections of the essay and points to be addressed in each.

In creating an outline, try to be as clear and brief as possible. It is advisable that you categorize your paper in three sections representing intro, body paragraphs and conclusion. Under each section, you should list down the key points that will be discussed.

After creating the outline, ensure that you carefully go through it in order to ascertain whether the points included therein are as required.

Steps on how to write an essay about yourself

Writing a sample essay about yourself entails creativity, attention to details and proper flow of ideas. Besides, the purpose of your essay must be clearly brought out to distinguish it from other kinds of essays.

The opening statements of an essay about yourself should tell your audience about the purpose of the essay. Besides, you should also give a brief introduction of yourself which can be done in the form of an anecdote or just a simple statement.

In order to enhance the clarity of your essay, you should also narrow down the introduction to portray a single or specific theme. There is no condition that you have to start describing yourself from the start, the story can begin from anywhere provided that you stick to the purpose of the paper.

Body paragraphs

In the body of the essay, you should give a detailed explanation of the theme, experience, skills or traits that you wish to share with the audience. In writing, give a unique idea or point in every paragraph. Besides, you should also ensure that every paragraph gives a comprehensive explanation of the point addressed therein. Use at least two examples in every paragraph to add some weight to the story.

A good personal essay paper should vividly discuss what you are bringing to the table or capable of doing in your current state.

When describing yourself, avoid vague statements and very long statements that may make your work to look substandard. You should be creative in telling your story but be careful not to deviate from the facts and important elements of the essay.

The essay can describe both your private and public life, giving information about your education, growth and even career. However, it is advisable that in case there is certain information that you do not wish to share, simply leave it out of the discussion.

Conclusion

The last part of the essay should give your audience the point of the story or tell them why reading the sample was important. Generally, the conclusion should briefly sum up your story and point out to any future expectations or commitments from you.

An essay about yourself should not be very long, lest it becomes boring. Make the story quite short, about just one or two pages. However, there are instances whereby you will be advised on the number of words. If so, always stick to the given word count.

Examples of Personal Essays

The following sample essays can also offer you more insights on how to write a sample essay about yourself. Carefully read them to find out how personal essays should be crafted.

Example 1

Sample essay to describe myself

‘’My name is John Smith, and I am a senior at Frederick Douglass High School. I am a good student with a 3.4 grad point average. The university that I want to attend is Georgia Tech because I want to become a civil engineer and there are many reasons why I should be enrolled. Firstly, I am a hardworking and dedicated student. Secondly, I am a friendly, sociable person. Finally, I have condemned myself to be a success…’’ To read the rest of this sample, simply click here

Example 2

Sample personal essay

‘’My name is Cassandra Duncan. I grew up as an only child and only grandchild on both sides. The youngest of all my cousins and the only child in a small neighborhood that consisted of a bunch of adults, I never really learned what it meant to just be a kid. And, I certainly never learned how to relate to other children.

Accustomed to being around primary adults, I was always mature for my age. Even my own friends often annoyed me during my adolescent years…’’ Get the whole sample on this link

Example 3

Sample personal essay for a job application

‘’Leon Thomas is the Regional Manager for American Family Insurance’s Northwestern Region. He oversees all claims and underwriting leadership for the region and serves as its liaison to the corporate office in Odenville. Originally from Odenville himself, Leon grew up just a few miles from the headquarters of the company. However, his was one of the few families in town that had no family members employed at the company…’’ Read the remaining parts of this sample on this link

In case you may need professional assistance on how to write a sample essay about yourself, simply talk to us. Alternatively, you can also refer to our homepage for more on how to easily get the best essay help.

INTRODUCTION: How to write an argumentative essay in AP English

Did you know that up to a third of AP English Lang Exam would require you to write an argumentative essay? Well, the good news about this task is that it allows you to use all the skills and tricks you have developed by reading other people’s work throughout your life. However, to excel in AP Lang exams, you must do extensive practice and expose yourself to different prompts because writers of these exams never repeat prompts. In other words, you can never be sure of the prompt you will meet when the exam comes. Therefore, you need hints on how to write an argumentative essay in AP English to prepare holistically for this exam.

Notably, these guidelines should help you to unlock your potential in writing an excellent persuasive essay for your AP Lang exams. They are flexible and easy to apply. Do not read hastily; take time to digest every segment. Let us hit the road now…

The fundamentals of how to write an argumentative essay in AP English

If you are yet to sit for AP Lang exams, you will discover that it calls for more skills that usual rhetorical essay writing. Among other challenges, you will have to do the following:

Support your argument – This forms the basis of your persuasive essay. You must provide credible evidence to support any claim you make. Any essay that does not have solid proof for an argument ceases to be a persuasive essay.

Understand various prompts – A prompt is what the examiner wants you to do. Three common prompts, which you will encounter while doing this exam are.

Defending assertions – Here you agree with assertion.

Qualifying assertions – It is a tricky prompt. It allows you to respect other people’s opinions as you develop your credibility as a writer.

Refuting/challenging the assertions – You challenge the assertion by disagreeing or giving a counterargument to the claim.

These are action prompts, which determine the path of your persuasive essay. Avoid confusion and be clear in your thoughts so that the examiner knows what you are doing. Let us look at some examples of prompts from past years to help you master how to write an argumentative essay in AP English.

Examples of Argumentative Essay Prompts

2001 prompt:Read the following passage by Susan Sontag. Write an essay in which you support, challenge or qualify her claim the photography has the power to undermine people’s understanding of the world. Employ relevant evidence to develop your argument.

2003 Prompt.Using specific examples, write a thoughtful essay in which you defend, qualify or challenge, the argument that entertainment ruins the society.

These two examples give you a clue of what you should expect as you prepare for AP Lang English Exams. Get more prompts over the years here.

Strategies to help you develop a good argumentative essay in AP English

Most students who score high in persuasive writing when undertaking this exam present at least three pages of an argument. As you work on your essay, avoid the temptation of focusing on how the writer makes his or her argument. Instead, bring out what he or she is arguing about in the text.

It is always good to take a position on an issue in order to develop a strong argument using credible sources. Thus, in cases where the examiner allows you the freedom to choose an action prompt, avoid qualifying claims. Qualifying requires you to agree and disagree, which can be confusing especially for starters. Let us examine simple steps of how to write an argumentative essay in AP English.

Method 1: Prewriting an argumentative essay in AP English

Before you embark on writing your persuasive essay, you must prepare and be ready for the task ahead. Thorough preparation will give you an edge over other candidates as you respond to the prompt task and eventually guarantee you a higher score.

STEP 1: Understand your task. You cannot begin responding to a prompt when you do not know what the examiner is asking. Read the prompt carefully and get the action you are supposed to perform. What is the prompt?

STEP 2: Create columns for defend and refute – note specific examples, which support the assertion. In a different section, also, put down evidence that counters the assertion. You can source this evidence through observation, personal experience, and reading what other authors say on the same issue.

Your essay evidence should be:

Specific and accurate – The evidence you choose to use must be irrefutably true in all aspects. It should be named and factually correct to make your argument concrete.

Give mature reaction – Where you are giving a personal response, be thoughtful, reflect well and read widely to have a deeper mastery of issues.

Be relevant – Use evidence that add value to your claim. Do not waste your time, intellectual energy and space giving facts that have no relationship with the prompt action of the text.

Avoid obvious evidence – Do not rely on first thoughts. Go for in-depth thoughts on the issue, which are not easy to find. This will make you standout.

STEP 3: Choose a stance. As you think about how to write an argumentative essay in AP English, settle on a column that has strong examples and evidence. Pursuing such a position means, you have enough facts to back your claim from all angles.

Method 2: Developing your Argumentative essay like a genius

Once you have analyzed the prompt, evaluated the evidence available and taken a stance, you are ready to draft your persuasive essay without any hindrance.

STEP 1of 3: Introduction – Your introduction presents a lasting impression. The person marking your essay may tell your ability from your first paragraph. Do not make it boring.

Tricks to help you piece your introduction

Use attention getter – Give the reader a reason to read on by piquing their interest with a hook. This could be in form of startling statistics, a brief anecdote, or a generalization that directly relates with the prompt. Make it brief and sweet. Avoid long and flowery introductions.

Restate the assertion – Put the claim in your own words. This is an important step. Do not miss out!

Acknowledge counterargument – Since you already have evidence for both sides of the issue, identity 1-3 points, which refute your claim. This proves that you understand both sides of the issue.

Remember your thesis – Put down your final statement of the introduction, capturing your main ideas in entirety. Make your thesis strong and go ahead to support it throughout your essay.

These introduction tips should help you work out how to write an argumentative essay in AP English even as you delve into the body paragraphs of your essay.

STEP 2 of 3: Working on body paragraphs 2nd-4th

The body paragraphs of your argumentative essay play a major role. They bear the flesh of your work and determine your writing prowess.

Develop paragraphs 2 to 3 by digging into the evidence you have to support your position. Go for specific examples and elements that solidify your argument. Here, you will have to use observations, reading and personal experience to argue your ideas.

Think big and critically to convince the reader. Conceive a bigger picture of the issue, including world events that support your topic. Do not do a summary of these events, instead, link them to your argument and synthesize the topic. No argument will exist without evidence.

Remember to respond to so what – Why does the issue matter? Why should the reader care about the issue? If you can craft good body paragraphs, then you are miles ahead in understanding how to write an argumentative essay in AP English.

Step 3 of 3: How to spice a Conclusion for your argumentative essay in AP English

Congratulations! You are at the last step of your essay. Here, signal the mood of closure, by revisiting your essay.

Restate your thesis – Without repeating word for word, revisit your main ideas to remind the reader what you discussed.

In case you have enough time, add statements that challenge the reader, or insights into the world, using your topic.

At this point, you have all the tools and skills on how to write an argumentative essay in AP English. Put these ideas into practice. Fare Thee Well.

Strand Binding Protein

Single strand binding protein can simply be defined as protein that binds to single-stranded DNA. This Process usually takes place near the replication fork for stabilization of the single strands. The SSB protein fights towards protecting the single stranded DNA from being consumed by the nucleases through the process of digestion. Besides, it also eliminates the secondary structure from the DNA so that other enzymes are able to effectively operate upon it.

Single stranded DNA can always be produced in every aspect of DNA metabolism. Such aspects include replication, repair and recombination. Single strand binding proteins are joined to numerous proteins that are involved in all processes of DNA metabolism. Besides, they are also very active in the modulation of these proteins. It should be noted that single strand binding proteins do not bind quite well to double stranded DNA.

DNA is usually stable when it is within a double helix under physiological conditions. However, this can only remain so if the complementary strands of DNA are in a similar location. After the double helix is separated by the enzyme helicase into single strands of DNA, there are higher chances that they try to re-construct the double helix. However, they need to be prevented from pursuing that course. The work of single strand binding protein is to ensure that these post-replication fork single strands of DNA do not regroup.

Single strand binding proteins are present in humans as well as bacteria and viruses. The only organisms that have not been found to contain the SSB proteins are Thermoproteales. The most ideal characterized single strand binding protein is obtained from bacteria known as E.coli. In this case, the SSB protein occupies a large number of DNA bases with regards to various factors. One of the main factors that play a role in this procedure is salt concentration.

DNA that has been changed from a double stranded form to a single stranded form can be said to have undergone denaturing. The objective of single strand binding protein is to prevent the denatured DNA from renaturing. It positions itself between two DNA strands that are undergoing replication or an individual one that is undergoing a similar process. However, emphasis is mainly placed on the latter.

A single strand binding protein ensures that even if it takes a long duration of time, renaturing of DNA does not take place. With this, there is no chance that replication of DNA shall take place. After this process, the work of the single strand binding protein is done and it is not needed anymore.

When studying single strand binding protein, it is important to also note that it binds to single stranded DNA in two different ways, limited and unlimited. Under limited, the protein clusters are only tied to the formation of dimmers of tetramers due to the interaction of four single strand binding subunits with single strand DNA. Under unlimited, there are chances of formation of long clusters of protein since they interact with one another on either sides of the protein that they are bound to.

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Retinol Binding Protein

Retinol binding protein can be simply defined as a type of protein that has a low molecular weight and transports retinol or Vitamin A from the liver to the peripheral tissues. However, it should be noted that this class of proteins can also conduct other various functions in the body. In conjunction with retinoic acid, retinol plays an important role in modulating the expression of genes as well as in the overall embryonic development. However, the supply of these substances should always be at a given level since any deficit or excess can have dire consequences that may include malformations in development or even mortality of an embryo.

The retinol binding protein helps in regulating the transportation and metabolism of retinol that is required for successful pregnancy. This class of proteins has been identified in various parts of the body including the embryo, uterus and other tissues like the porcine, ovine and bovine. This is a clear indication that retinol binding protein aids in the proper exposure of retinol to the embryo, and its transportation.

Retinol binding protein is mostly found bound to transthyretin. However, there is usually a small percentage that freely passes through the glomerular membranes. This fraction is re-absorbed by the cells of the renal proximal tubules. Under this circumstance, the small percentage of retinol binding proteins is catabolized. Due to the extensive re-absorption that takes places within the tubules, only small traces of the filtered retinol binding protein is passed out in urine. Thus, it can be said that increased excretion of retinol binding protein during the process of urination points out to an injury or impairment in the proximal tubule.

There are three types of retinol binding protein that you need to take note of when discussing this topic. One of them is called Plasma retinol binding protein that is mainly the vessel of transport in the serum. Cellular retinol binding protein is yet another type whose function is to transport retinol and factors of metabolism to retinyl esters so that they can be stored safely for future use. Besides, the factors of metabolism and retinol can also be transported to form part of retinoic acid.

Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins also fall under the three types of retinol binding proteins. Their work is to bind retinol and retinoic acid with high affinity. Besides, some studies have also indicated that this class of retinol binding proteins can also regulate and supply retinoic acid to nuclear receptors.

Retinol binding proteins are instrumental in the growth and differentiation of several body tissues. Among these, embryos are regarded as the most sensitive to changes in the concentration of retinol. The process through which retinol binding protein produces retinol is still not very clear. Retinol binding protein undergoes synthesis in the liver; however, its secretion depends on the concentrations of retinol. Secretion of RBP is usually blocked whenever there is a deficiency in retinol. This results into a rise in the Retinol binding protein levels in the liver and a fall of the same in the plasma.

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Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein refers to proteins that are secreted in vertebrates and have the affinity for binding to IGF-1. These proteins have high affinity for binding IGFs and they modulate the IGFs’ biological actions.

There are six different sub-groups of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins that range from IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6. Their categorization is based on gene organization, IGFs binding affinity and structural similarity.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein is simply called IGFBP and it acts as an insulin-like growth factor I carrier protein. About 98 percent of insulin growth factor 1 is bound to one of the six binding proteins. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 is found in the body in high amounts and it accounts for 80 percent of IGF binding.

The molar ratio of IGF-1 to IGFBP-3 is 1:1. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein also binds to the IGF-1 in the liver. This allows the growth hormone to act on the liver so that it can produce IGF-1 continuously. IGFBPs also have inhibitor domain homologues. These are related to the family of MEROPS protease inhibitors, clan IX and equistatin.

The domain architecture of all insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins is the same. These proteins are molecules that are unusually pleiotropic. Just like the other binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein can prolong IGFs’ half-life through their high affinity for ligands’ binding. IGFBPs share a 50 percent homology with one another. The order for their binding affinity for IGF-II and IGF-I is the same in terms of magnitude and ligands’ affinity for IGF-IR.

Individual insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins can act in a way that attenuates or enhances their similarities. However, there are cases when they exhibit different characteristics such as chromosomal location, site for RGD recognition, heparin binding domains, phosphorylation differences and glycosylation among others. Interaction of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein with the membranes of cellular basement can be affected by some of these differences.

Apart from functioning as protein carrier, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in serum form can regulate the actions of paracrine/autocrine and endocrine actions of IGF. They do this by modulating the availability of IGF to bind onto the signaling receptors of IGF-1.

Additionally, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein can act as a growth modulator without depending on IGFs. For instance, IGFBP-5 stimulates bone makers in the osteoblasts that lack functional IGFs. IGFBP binding to putative receptor on a cell membrane can also stimulate pathway signaling that is independent of the IGF receptor. This mediates IGFBPs’ effects on specific types of cells.

IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-1 have characteristics that enable them to stimulate the migration of CHO cell as well as human trophoblast cell via an alpha-5-beta 1 integrin-mediated action. Finally, when IGFBPs are transported into a nucleus through a nuclear localization signal they can exert effects that are independent of IGF via a genes’ transcriptional activation. Several studies have confirmed the ability of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein to influence cell growth both independently and by depending on IGFs.

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Insulin-like Growth factor 2

Insulin-like growth factor 2 is also called IGF2. It is one of the three protein hormones whose structure is similar to that of insulin. Scientists define this hormone as a neutral peptide that is well-characterized and the liver is believed to secrete it and circulate it into the blood. Among the functions of this hormone include mitogenic, insulin-like and growth-regulating activities.

This growth factor hormone depends on somatotropin although not absolutely. Many scientists believe that it is a crucial growth factor for fetus unlike the insulin-like growth factor I which is a crucial growth factor for adults. Insulin-like growth factor 2 plays an important role in influencing cell division in fetus, mammalian growth, differentiation and also metabolic regulation.

There studies that suggest that this protein promotes proliferation and growth of cells in different tissues. Studies have also proven that this protein is highly active among fetus and it facilitates their development but it is less active in adults.

Individuals inherit most genes from parents. One copy of the gene is inherited from the father and the other from the mother. The two copies are turned on or typically activated in the cells. For Insulin-like growth factor 2 gene, the copy that an individual inherits from their mother is not active in most body parts. Scientists see this as a parent-specific variation in the activation of gene and it is caused by genomic imprinting.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 forms part of a genes’ cluster found on the short arm of the chromosome 11. This part is the one that undergoes genomic imprinting. A part of DNA called the imprinting center 1 or H19 controls genomic imprinting of insulin-like growth factor 2.

A change in the insulin-like growth factor 2 due to genomic imprinting causes changes in another process known as methylation. This affects the imprinting center 1. In genes where genomic imprinting occurs, a mark or stamp is put on them during the formation of sperm or egg cells. The stamping process is what is known as methylation. It is a chemical reaction during which small molecules known as methyl groups are attached to some DNA segments.

In some individuals, this results in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. This syndrome is caused by the presence of a lot of methyl groups in the DNA segments. An increase in the activities of insulin-like growth factor 2 is also associated with some strains of cancer. This occurs when both maternal and paternal copies of the gene with this protein are active.

Apart from causing these diseases, insulin-like growth factor 2 also interacts with Transferrin and IGFBP3.

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Insulin-like growth factor 2 acts as a hormone that promotes growth during gestation. However, it has other roles that you need to study before writing an essay on it. However, you can simply order your essay with us at Essays Experts to save time and resources.

Writing an Argumentative Essay Outline

Writing an argumentative essay outline enables you to depict a logical ordering and hierarchical relationship of information in your essay. If you are writing a long essay, a good outline will enable you to keep track of the information that you intend to include in the essay as demonstatred here here. This is very important because you must present adequate information in a logical way in order to convince readers. An argumentative essay is an essay that requires you to present information which includes facts and other types of evidence to persuade readers to see or accept your point. While writing an argumentative essay, you not only present your arguments, but also explain and support the arguments with substantive or convincing facts as explained in this link link.

An outline for an essay is a plan that shows how you intend to organize and present information in the essay. It is a skeleton that provides the structure as well as guidance to you as a writer at www.wikihow.com.

Steps to follow when writing an argumentative essay outline

Before you start outlining your argumentative essay, make sure that you have straight facts to support your arguments. This implies that you need to have verifiable and solid sources where you will get the necessary information for your essay from. If you do not have verifiable sources, the outline of your essay will not be valid from the beginning of the essay to the end.

Here are the steps that you should follow when writing an outline for your argumentative essay:

Select a topic

A good topic for an argumentative essay should be controversial. It should be a topic that will enable you to pick the stance to support with confidence in the essay. Make sure that you are comfortable arguing from the stance that you take as well as from the opposing side. Thus, choose a topic that allows you to take a stance against or for the issue in question. This way, you will be able to present information to support both sides and this will make your argument more credible.

Come up with a thesis statement

A thesis statement is the central argument of your essay. Your essay should aim at supporting this statement or idea. Therefore, come up with a thesis statement that elicits strong responses from the intended readers. However, you may be required to change this statement later as you develop your essay or if you come across new materials or logical connections.

Brainstorm for ideas

Come up with a list of all ideas that you find relevant for your topic. This includes information and quotes from secondary and primary sources. Your list should include everything that will support your thesis statement in the essay.

Group all related ideas

After creating a list of ideas, read them carefully and then organize them into categories. Remember that a good argumentative essay should have ideas presented in a logical and hierarchical manner. Therefore, group ideas with the relationship between the groups of your ideas in mind.

Start listing the sections with Roman numerals

The heading of each section should begin with a capital Roman numeral followed by the paragraph’s topic. Capital letters should be used to label the subheadings or the secondary sections. Lower case numerals should be used to label tertiary subheadings or sections while lowercase letters should be used to label the final subheadings.

The introductory paragraph

This is the first paragraph of the essay. While writing an argumentative essay outline, indicate the information that will go into this paragraph. This can be an observation or question but it should capture the attention of the reader. However, this paragraph should start from a general viewpoint and end up being specific.

Body paragraphs

The body paragraphs are the substance of the argument. If you are writing a standard essay with five paragraphs, the body will have three paragraphs. Every paragraph of the body should explore an idea of its own and support it with evidence. However, all paragraphs of the body should be aimed at supporting the stated thesis statement. Counter-arguments should also be included in the body of an argumentative essay.

Conclusion

The conclusion of an argumentative essay should create a closure feeling in the reader’s mind after reading it. It should also leave the topic open to allow for further exploration. Instead of just restating a thesis, include evidence and arguments that were presented in the body to enhance reader’s comprehension.

Sample outline of an argumentative essay

If you are writing an argumentative essay outline for the first time, a sample outline will make writing your outline easier.

Here is an argumentative essay outline sample that you can use as your writing guide:

Topic

The U.S government should ban the production, possession and sale of assault weapons by private citizens

Introduction

The United States government should ban the production, possession and sale of assault weapons by private citizens because they increase cases of barbaric slaying.

Thesis statement: This essay will support the view that the production, possession and sale of assault weapons by private citizens should be banned by the U.S government to reduce the occurrences of public slaying cases.

Body

Cases of public slaying can be reduced by preventing production, possession and sale of assault weapons by private citizens.

Firm murders in July 93

Columbine shootings in a school

Incident at the University of Virginia

Human and monetary costs that are incurred when assault weapons are used to commit crimes are highly significant to be ignored.

Major organizations, law enforcers and public opinions support the move to ban assault weapons.

How were the weapons acquired by these individuals?

12 percent favor the ban (92 Timetable News).

Organizational endorsements

Handguns were used to commit 10,561 murders in 1990

Study of the medical expenses of 131 people injured and paid using public funds.

Opposing views

Strict laws to control gun ownership will not affect the rate of crime.

Refutation: The rate of murder cases is low in Australia and Britain where there are strict laws that control gun ownership and use.

Guns would still be owned by outlaws

Refutation: Future generations will benefit from the efforts to move the current trend towards the opposite direction.

Conclusion

Adequate evidence presented shows that barbaric slaying will reduce if the government bans production, possession and sale of guns by private citizens.

Crimes will continue increasing if nothing is done to curb gun production, possession and sale by private citizens.

Additional tips for writing an argumentative essay outline

Introduction

Present the main idea of your argument in the introduction in a way that makes it easily visible and memorable to you while writing the essay and to the reader. Make sure that the outline indicates your opinion on the topic or subject clearly so that readers can easily tell the side that you will be arguing from or supporting.

Tell more about the topic

Present more information to the readers in the first part of the outline. Do not fear that by presenting more information you may not have anything to tell readers in the body or essay. Instead, present more captivating facts to thrill readers and keep them interested in reading the rest of the outline and the essay after you write it. The outline of your essay should present information that shapes the focus of the readers.

Get specific

As you write the outline of the essay, get more specific by providing specific arguments and supporting them with facts and proofs that you gathered during your research. Ensure that the outline states your arguments clearly followed by evidence that will support it in the essay. Start with the claims that you have the strongest evidence for.

Present counter-arguments

Do not leave counter-arguments because this will make your essay less credible. Including counter arguments and refuting them shows that you took time to conduct research and that you have facts to show why you did not take the other side of the argument. Make sure that the outline is organized in a way that tells readers where they can go and find counter arguments in the essay and your refutation.

Conclusion

When writing an argumentative essay outline, summarize your arguments in the conclusion section. Highlight the main arguments that will be discussed in the body of the actual essay. Make sure that your conclusion not only reminds readers about your argument, but also leaves them thinking about what you said in the essay. The conclusion section of your outline should include points that will enable you to show readers the consequences of accepting your point of view or opposing it in the essay. It should also ensure a logical end for the essay as seen at valenciacollege.edu.

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