Low-rate (6 ml/h) intragastric infusion of stable, isotope-labeled amino acids is commonly used to assess the splanchnic handling of amino acids in humans. However, when used in the postabsorptive state, this method yields unreliable plasma isotopic enrichments, with a coefficient of variation >10%. In this metabolic condition, we confirmed in ...

We compared a viscous fingering formation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in rabbit corpus, antral and duodenal mucins and with dextran under neutral and acidic conditions with respect to relative viscosity, molecular mass, and carbohydrate composition. The effect of desialyzation of duodenal mucin on the viscous fingering formation of HCl was ...

Alginate-based raft-forming formulations have been marketed word-wide for over 30 years under various brand names, including Gaviscon. They are used for the symptomatic treatment of heartburn and oesophagitis, and appear to act by a unique mechanism which differs from that of traditional antacids. In the presence of gastric acid, alginates ...

AIMS: To evaluate the toxicity, animal behavioural effects and animal welfare implications of 3-nitropropionic acid administration in possums. METHODS: The behavioural effects following 3-nitropropionic acid administration were recorded in 26 possums. RESULTS: The oral LD50 was between 110 and 170 mg/kg. Time to death averaged 9.5+/-1.9 h (mean+/-s.e.m.). Adverse signs ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The etiology of idiopathic gastric perforation (IGP) in neonates is unclear. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) express tyrosine kinase receptor C-kit, and act as gastrointestinal pacemaker cells. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a C-kit ligand and plays an important role in immune system homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. The ...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or the regurgitation of gastric content into the esophagus, is an acid-peptic disorder that has a significant impact on both health and the quality of life. Because gastric acid plays a major role in the pathophysiology of this disease, acid neutralization/suppression has emerged as the cornerstone ...

OBJECTIVE: Omeprazole produces a higher intragastric pH during Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection than after cure. We tested the hypothesis that this difference is due to the production of ammonia by H. pylori. METHODS: Gastric acidity and acid output (AO) were measured overnight in 12 subjects, with and without omeprazole, ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the palatability, acid neutralizing capability, and costs of different antacids. METHODS: Volunteers between the ages of 18 and 60 years were given 22 antacids. All antacids were given during a 4-h period in two groups of 11 antacids each. Subjects sampled each antacid in a manner similar ...

AIM: To study the effects of piperine (Pip) on several experimental gastric ulcers in rats and mice. METHODS: The gastric mucosa damage was induced by stress, indometacin, HCl, and pyloric ligation in rats or mice. The number of gastric ulcers, the volume and acidity of gastric juices, and pepsin A ...

Gastric acid prevents bacterial colonization of the stomach and suppression of its secretion might predispose to Clostridium difficile (CD) diarrhoea. We retrospectively studied elderly patients admitted to medical wards of an acute hospital to determine whether the incidence of CD diarrhoea was greater among those previously treated with gastric acid ...

BACKGROUND: Whether gastric acid secretion decreases with age is still controversial. With the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, the association of this bacterium with gastric acid secretion has also been discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between gastric acid secretion, age and H. pylori infection. METHODS: ...

This article responds to controversial issues about the long-term use of acid suppression raised in a recent article in this journal by Waldum & Brenna. Although rebound acid secretion occurs following proton pump inhibitor therapy, the clinical significance of this is unclear, but the proposal that this is a major ...

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (DHEA-ST) is a key enzyme in the formation of Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and is thought to be involved in the conversion of various substances such as bile acids and cholesterol. The existence of DHEA-ST in the small intestine in addition to the adrenal gland and liver in adult ...

Duodenal ulcer patients are characterized by an antrum-predominant, body-sparing, nonatrophic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis, which results in increased gastrin release and increased acid secretion. The increased gastrin release is caused by the infection impairing the acid-mediated inhibitory control of gastrin release. The elevated levels of the gastrin stimulate the ...

It is well established that atrophic gastritis, pernicious anaemia and partial gastrectomy are associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma. These conditions all result in a low acid output state. Although the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis is not known, the model proposed by Correa has provided the most attractive ...

AIM:To investigate the changes of gastric acid production and its mechanism in shock period of severe burn in rats.METHODS:A rat model with 30% TBSA full thickness burn injury was employed and the gastric acid production,together with gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and energy charge (EC) were measured serially within 48h ...

This study focused on important factors related to the potential of cattle and beef products to transmit Helicobacter pylori to humans. Mucosal samples were collected from the rumen and abomasum of 105 cattle and were plated on a selective medium to isolate Helicobacter spp.; none of the samples examined contained ...

Peptic ulcers are accompanied by different patterns of chronic gastritis and duodenitis that generally run parallel to the topography of colonization by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Duodenal ulcers arise on a background of a gastroduodenitis; the gastritis is antrum-predominant while the duodenitis requires acid-induced gastric metaplasia in the duodenal mucosa ...

In the early 20th century, the commonest surgical treatment of peptic ulcer was gastroenterostomy. Crohn and Wilensky demonstrated that this operation did not achieve its aim of markedly reducing gastric acidity or of accelerating motility. These results were highly controversial, but led to Lewisohn visiting Haberer in Austria in 1922, ...

BACKGROUND: Gastric analysis is useful for diagnosing and monitoring the control of hypersecretory conditions and to distinguish appropriate from inappropriate causes of hypergastrinaemia. Pentagastrin, used to measure maximal acid output (MAO), is no longer available in the USA. METHODS: We examined the University of Pennsylvania Health System gastric analysis database, ...

Most gastroduodenal ulcer disease results from a weakness in the normal gastric mucous barrier against the penetration of acid secreted by the stomach. Based on meticulous and insightful research, the distinguished physiologist Franklin Hollander hypothesized that the stomach is protected against its own acid secretion by a dynamic two-component mucus-mucosal ...

Oleanolic acid glycosides from several medicinal foodstuffs were found to show potent inhibitory activity on the increase of serum glucose levels in oral glucose-loaded rats. By examination of the structure-activity relationships, the 3-O-glucuronide moiety and the 28-carboxyl group in oleanolic acid glycosides were required to exert the hypoglycemic activity. Oleanolic ...

Colonization by Helicobacter pylori partly depends on acid-dependent adherence by urease to gastric mucin. To further verify the relevance of urease adherence to colonization, the influence of acidity on the binding sites of H. pylori urease was investigated. When enzyme-based in vitro ligand capture assays were used, the effect of ...

Lansoprazole(L), pantoprazole (P), rabeprazole and RO-18-5364 (RO) are new benzimidazole derivatives which rival omeprazole (O) as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for treatment of ulcer disease. In this study, we compared the effects of these compounds on acid secretion and determined their relative potencies in relation to their effect on [14C]-aminopyrine ...

From the late 19th century, Mount Sinai gastroenterologists declared their scepticism of the efficacy of all recommended treatments of peptic ulcer, and looked forward to trials which could distinguish between sequence and consequence, between association and causation. The rationale of all the early studies was to reduce gastric acidity, but ...

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common condition caused mainly by motility disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The most effective therapy combines acid suppression with a promotility agent. Nizatidine is a well-tolerated and effective histamine-2 (H2)-receptor antagonist used to suppress gastric acid secretion. Animal and human studies have conclusively demonstrated that ...

BACKGROUND: Maori and Pacific Island ethnic groups in New Zealand have a high risk for gastric cancer. Low levels of gastric juice ascorbic acid (vitamin C) have been suggested to be a risk factor for gastric cancer. Previous studies have shown that gastric juice ascorbic acid may be independently associated ...

We have investigated the involvement of human apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) in gastric acid secretion and ulcer formation in recently generated apoA-IV transgenic mice. Compared to control littermates, transgenic animals showed a gastric acid secretion decreased by 43-77% whereas only slight variations were observed in the different cell population densities within ...

Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene lactone (SQL) of the guaianolide type isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser, shows a pharmacological cytoprotective effect and significantly prevents the formation of gastric and duodenal lesions induced by various necrotising agents in rodents. The effects of DhL, on two models of experimental colitis were examined. Colitis ...

Starting from methyl 5-nitrosalicylate (20) the N- and O-beta-glucopyranosyl derivatives (24, 28) of 5-aminosalicylic acid were prepared. The LD50 values of these compounds were determined on mice, and the inhibitory effect of 24 (0.83 mmol/kg) and 28 (1.2 mmol/kg) on gastric ulcer on rats, induced by indomethacin was investigated.

Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor which has recently had its clinical license extended to include maintenance therapy for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis, Helicobacter pylori eradication and short-term intravenous administration. This article reviews the history of gastric acid secretion and examines the role of proton pump inhibitors, particularly pantoprazole, ...

OBJECTIVE: In order to prevent gastric microbial overgrowth, which may complicate nasogastric feeding, administration of nutrients more distally into the gut has been advocated in intensive care patients, as it offers the advantage of keeping the stomach empty and acid. In this study, we assessed the impact of jejunal feeding ...

A viscoelastic mucus gel layer covers the gastric mucosa in a continuous sheet. The functions of the mucus gel have been one of the least studied aspects of gastric barrier function. Although the role of gastric mucus in providing physical protection against ingested particles, and preventing contact between digestive enzymes ...

The peptidoglycan (murein) of Helicobacter pylori has been investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric techniques. Murein from H. pylori corresponded to the A1gamma chemotype, but the muropeptide elution patterns were substantially different from the one for Escherichia coli in that the former produced high proportions of muropeptides with ...

Numerous factors are important in the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The anti-reflux barrier consists of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural portion of the diaphragm. Absolute LES pressure less than 6 mmHg is required for gastroesophageal reflux (GER), but this is more frequently associated with increased episodes ...

Omeprazole has a greater intragastric pH elevating effect in Helicobacter pylori positive than negative subjects. Ammonia production by H pylori has been suggested as a probable mechanism. To assess the effect of H pylori status on gastric acid secretion during omeprazole treatment, and to examine the possible role of ammonia ...

BACKGROUND: The urea breath test (UBT) can still be improved in terms of user-friendliness and accuracy during acid-suppression therapy. This study was designed to evaluate a novel, rapidly disintegrating 13C UBT tablet, which was supplemented with citric acid to facilitate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in the hypochlorhydric stomach. METHODS: The ...

Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms are common and occur in all of us from time to time. In others, reflux may be associated with ulcerative esophagitis. The symptoms may be aggravated by large meals, coffee, smoking and position. Physiological and pathological reflux can be separated by the frequency and duration of the ...

Esophagitis results from excessive exposure of the esophagus to gastric juice through an ineffective or dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter mechanism. A possible role of pepsin in damaging the esophageal mucosa with consequent esophagitis may be examined directly by testing pepsin under various conditions in experimental models of esophagitis. Since gastric ...

PURPOSE: The tonometric detection of a high intragastric regional P(CO2) (PrCO2) reflecting an elevated intramucosal P(CO2) can be helpful to diagnose mucosal ischemia, if acid secretion is suppressed to avoid intragastric CO2 production through buffering of acid by bicarbonate in the stomach. It is recommended to perform tonometry in the ...