Abstract

An efficient fragile image watermarking technique for pixel level tamper detection
and resistance is proposed. It uses five most significant bits of the pixels to generate watermark bits and embeds them in
the three least significant bits. The proposed technique uses a logistic map and takes advantage
of its sensitivity property to a small change in the initial condition. At the same
time, it incorporates the confusion/diffusion and hashing techniques used in many
cryptographic systems to resist tampering at pixel level as well as at block level.
This paper also presents two new approaches called nonaggressive and aggressive tamper
detection algorithms. Simulations show that the proposed technique can provide more
than 99.39% tamper detection capability with less than 2.31% false-positive detection
and less than 0.61% false-negative detection responses.