Indirect transmission involves the transfer of an infectious agent to a susceptible host via an intermediate object or fomite.Bloodborne Transmission occurs when blood or body fluid from an infected person enters another individual's body by needlesticks, human bites, cuts, abrasions, or through the mucous membranes.Airborne Transmission is an infectious agent that spreads via droplet nuclei. They can survive outside the body and remain suspended in the air for long periods of time. They infect via the upper and lower respiratory tracts which can cause Tuberculosis (TB), chicken pox and measles

Chain of InfectionFecal-Oral Transmission is associated with organisms that infect the digestive system.Microorganisms enter the body through ingestion of contaminated food and water.Inside the digestive system they multiply and are shed from the body into the feces. If proper hygiene and sanitation practice are not done, the feces may contaminate the water supply through inadequate sewage treatment and water filtration.

Educating yourself in ways to prevent the transmission of infectionDroplet Transmission occurs when respiratory droplets generated via coughing, sneezing, or talking.Used to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogensHands or other exposed skin should be thoroughly washed following an exposure incident and immediately after removing gloves or other personal protective equipmentHand Washing Procedure1. Remove and dispose of gloves.2. Wet hands with running water.3. Apply liquid, bar, or powder soap. 4. Wash for at least 15 seconds, cleaning all surfaces5. Do not touch faucet after washing.6. Dry hands with paper towels.7. Turn off faucets with the paper towels.Alcohol-based Hand SanitizersAntimicrobial Wipes or towelettesIf your hands are visibly dirty you however, must wash with soap and water.Vector-borne TransmissionVectors are animals such as flies, ticks, rats and dogs that are capable of transmitting diseases. Most common vector for disease is the mosquito.Transfer disease through their saliva that comes in contact with their host when they are withdrawing blood.Vectors of malaria, West Nile virus, dengue fever, and yellow fever1.7 million people per year get an infection during a hospital stay.PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to serious workplace injuries and illnesses.Injuries and illnesses may result from contact with:chemicalphysicalelectricalmechanicalradiologicalPersonal Protective Equipment may include:glovesface masks/shieldssafety glasses ear plugs or muffshard hatsrespiratorscoveralls or body suitsvest shoesA respiratory infection can be spread by an ill person who coughs or sneezes. The droplets released can travel several feet reaching the nose or mouth of others causing illness.Elements of Respiratory HygieneEducate patient, families, visitors and care providersPerform proper cough etiquetteOffer patients with signs and symptoms of respiratory illness to wear a surgical mask while waiting in common areas or move them into an exam room away from othersProvide patients with tissues, non-touch receptacles, alcohol gel, and surgical masks in waiting areasSpace seating in waiting areas at least 3 feet apartPlace cough etiquette signs where the general public can see.98,987 people in the US die annually from HAIs.Proper Cough EtiquetteCover nose and mouth with a tissueUse the crook of the elbow to contain respiratory dropletsUse tissues to contain respiratory secretions and discard in nearest waste receptacle after use.Perform hand hygiene immediately after Cover cuts with bandages and wear gloves for protectionStandard Precautions