1) Old European Characteristic: "250"
HMV N78 (His Masters Voice) and Columbia N78 produced by E.M.I. England. CETRA N78, Italy. This standard may be also applied to records by Parlophone, Brunswick
Time Constant: 636 µs (250 Hz).

2) Old European Characteristic: "500"
Applicable to many European records produced before 1950, and also to many U.S. companies except RCA Victor, Columbia.
Time Constant: 318 µs (500 Hz).

12) TELDEC
Telefunken and Decca founded a record company that used a characteristic proposed for German DIN-Standard on July 1957: DIN45533, DIN45536, DIN45537.
Time Constants: 3180 µs (50 Hz), 318 µs (500 Hz), and 50 µs (3,180 Hz).