Psychoanalysts for Peace and Justice

Because we know the destructiveness that
resides in each of us, we know
the importance of not letting it
destroy what we hold dear...

WHO WE ARE
We are psychoanalysts and
psychoanalytically-informed citizens united for peace and justice.
We have gathered, in opposition to the pending Iraq war,
with the goals of participating as psychoanalysts and citizens in
the broader peace and justice movements and of bringing our psychoanalytic
insights to bear on the critical social issues that confront
our country and our world today.

CONTENTS

Psychoanalysts for Peace and Justice
Documents and Resources

The first Psychoanalysts for Peace and Justice
public forum, The Psychodynamics of Empire
was conducted on February 6th at the
Friends Meeting House in Cambridge, MA.
Speakers: Stephen Soldz: Security, Terror, and the Psychodynamics of
Empire [This talk has been posted on several major web sites:
ZNet;
Information Clearinghouse;
Global Policy Forum; &
Smutraker]; Stephen Price: The Role of Sacrifice;
Jane Snyder: Power and Paranoia.
Portions from these talks were broadcast on radio station WMBR in Cambridge, MA
on February 26 & 27, 2004.
[The forum was co-sponsored by the
Institute for the Study of Violence of the
Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis.]
(POSTED: December 16, 2003. MODIFIED February 7 & March 10, 2004)

Iraq Antiwar Resources,
an extensive list developed by
Stephen Soldz of PPJ. It contains many links for those seeking to educate themselves
on the background of the current situation, understand what led up to it, and the
inter-war situation in Iraq, as the war against the US occupation begins.
Also contains links to antiwar music and video and contacts for major
peace organizations.
All you need to get started in one place! And its constantly growing!

Where is the US Headed? ,
a PPJ site devoted to broader reflections on where the US is headed, economically,
in terms of foreign policy, psychologically, and spiritually.

Political scientist Gary Olson doesn't believe in:
Scapegoating Human Nature. He's at least partly right. Social structures
enormously influence our social behavior. But our nature includes the ability
to be incredibly xenophobic, nasty, and brutal. Conditions of threat bring out
the worst in many people.
(POSTED: December 30, 2005)

But if there were a single feature of conservative political psychology that has contributed the most to the recent horror show of death and unfathomable yet preventable suffering that has so riveted the attention of Americans, it would be the fear and hatred of the care-taking functions of government, what Republicans since Ronald Reagan have reviled as the “mommy state.”

New York Times Magazine has an article on George Lakoff:
The Framing Wars.
(POSTED: July 17, 2005)

< Chris Hedges reminds us of the horrible cost of war to all involved.
It is destroying American society, he argues:
War: Realities and Myths .
(POSTED: June 12, 2005)

Peter Michaelson, an analytically-oriented therapist in Santa Fe,
has a website "publishing weekly commentary of applied psychoanalysis, focusing on the deeper undercurrents of dissension and disharmony in U.S. politics and culture."
Political Harmony & Social Progress.
(POSTED: June 1, 2005)

In short, the right-wing is imposing a culture of death on this country and we shouldn't stand for it. Progressive values and politics are committed to preserving and nurturing life....

So rather than trying to respond to some discussion about "abortion," we should actively, positively, put forward these four ideas -- personal freedom, zero tolerance for unwanted pregnancies, taking back life as a value, and protecting rape victims in this country from being forced to bear the children of their rapists.

This interview with Naomi Klein raises issues about Republican branding
that should be of interest to progressive psychoanalysts:
What Are We Fighting For?(PUBLISHED January 27 and POSTED: February 16, 2005)

Sean Donahue argues that we need "to return to the erotic passion for
life that inspires our resistance, to claim our own power fully and use it to awaken
other people to the knowledge of their own power to be free":
Beyond the Myth of Ritual Sacrifice: The Erotics of Nonviolence.
(PUBLISHED and POSTED: January 1, 2005)

New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd continues her Oedipal
analysis of Bush Jr., considering his first debate performance:
Getting Junior's Goat.
(PUBLISHED October 7 and POSTED: October 10, 2004)

Killing takes a terrible toll on the soldiers who do it, as Americans pretend war is
neat and clean:
Is anyone ever truly prepared to kill? asks a Christian Science Monitor article.
(PUBLISHED and POSTED: September 29, 2004)

The fear induced in Americans by politicians is bad for our health, literally,
argues David Ropeik, Director of Risk Communication at Harvard University's
Center for Risk Analysis
We're Being Scared to Death(PUBLISHED and POSTED: September 22, 2004)

The
Introduction by Don Hazen to linguist and metaphor expert
Geoge Lakoff's new book, Don't Think of an Elephant!,
and an excerpt from the first chapter:
A Man of His Words.
(PUBLISHED and POSTED: September 8, 2004)

The scapegoat ritual is rooted in a profoundly dualistic worldview. It makes it clear that while the pharmakos is doomed, all those who stand with the community are safe and pure. As Bush put it: "He who is not with us is against us...."

In the west we take pride in our secular rationalism, and yet at present we seem caught up in patterns of thought and feeling that are as primitive as those of the terrorists who attack us. If we are to survive the present crisis, we must abandon the scapegoat ethos, which is becoming a habit at home and abroad, does not encourage self-criticism and allows us to project many of our own failings on to others.

New studies [based on so-called Terror Management Theory] strongly
suggest that spreading fear radically increases the likelihood people will
vote for Bush:
Fear of Death Wins Minds and Votes, Study Finds.
(PUBLISHED and POSTED: July 30, 2004)

Psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton in the New England Journal of Medicine
is concerned that medicine is being abused
as doctors collaborate with American torturers around the world:
Doctors and Torture or
pdf version.
(POSTED: July 30, 2004)

The doctors thus brought a medical component to what I call an "atrocity-producing situation" — one so structured, psychologically and militarily, that ordinary people can readily engage in atrocities. Even without directly participating in the abuse, doctors may have become socialized to an environment of torture and by virtue of their medical authority helped sustain it. In studying various forms of medical abuse, I have found that the participation of doctors can confer an aura of legitimacy and can even create an illusion of therapy and healing.

Dr. Eyad El Sarraj, a Psychiatrist with the Gaza Community Mental Health
Programme uses his experience in Gaza to answer questions about the psychological effects
of the abuse at Abu Ghraib and other US prisons in Iraq:
Live Dialogue: POWs Abuse: The Psychological Impact.
(PUBLISHED May 12 and POSTED: July 21, 2004)

Reflection requires us to look within ourselves, to ground our thoughts in an awareness of the potential for rage and violence that lurks within each of us. If the human race learned anything in the 20th century, it was that violence and “evil” are not characteristics only of those among us who perform loathsome acts, but that most, if not all, of us are capable, given the right circumstances, of committing acts of which we would be ashamed.

Walter A. Davis analyses the US reaction to 9/11:
Death's Dream Kingdom: The American Psyche after 9/11. He views the reaction
as a "return of the repressed," reviving american's cultural memory of the
apocalyptic slaughter at Hiroshima.
(PUBLISHED January 6, 2003 and POSTED: May 19, 2004)

"He has no trouble speaking off the cuff when he's speaking punitively, when he's talking about violence, when he's talking about revenge.
"When he struts and thumps his chest, his syntax and grammar are fine," Miller sai

"It's only when he leaps into the wild blue yonder of compassion, or idealism, or altruism, that he makes these hilarious mistakes."

As the Zimbardo Stanford Prison Experiment [see below] is getting a lot of attention as
an explanation for the Abu Ghraib abuse, we should be reminded that this experiment
is not without its critics. We post here a classic one of these by
Ali Bauazizi and Siamak Movahedi:
Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison: A Methodological Analysis,
published in the American Psychologist in 1975. They argue that much of
the behavior observed in the experiment is best viewed as attempts to enact the
role of a cooperative experimental participant.
(POSTED: May 17, 2004)

[Seeing through the lie:] Using Freud’s division, Hedges sees two impulses at tension: Eros, that “propels us to become close to others, to preserve and conserve, and the Thanatos, or death instinct, the impulse that works towards the annihilation of all living things, including ourselves.” If Eros was the overriding impulse of the culture following the Vietnam War, he believes Thanatos has taken over. We have lost our revulsion to war and now celebrate it.

[Democracy Now!:] You know, as I looked out on the crowd, that is exactly what my book is about. It is about the suspension of individual conscience, and probably consciousness, for the contagion of the crowd for that euphoria that comes with patriotism. The tragedy is that – and I've seen it in conflict after conflict or society after society that plunges into war – with that kind of rabid nationalism comes racism and intolerance and a dehumanization of the other. And it's an emotional response. People find a kind of ecstasy, a kind of belonging, a kind of obliteration of their alienation in that patriotic fervor that always does come in war time.
As I gave my talk and I looked out on the crowd, I was essentially witnessing things that I had witnessed in the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina or in squares in Belgrade or anywhere else. Crowds, especially crowds that become hunting packs are very frightening. People chanted the kind of cliches and aphorisms and jingoes that are handed to you by the state...
I've seen it in effect and take over countries. But of course, it breaks my heart when I see it in my country.

[Chiesa:] When indifference is the main reaction to a catastrophe occurring to people who do not share our culture and race, and who do not belong to our political sphere of influence, I suggest that the differences felt between them and us are magnified to a point where these people become so alien that they tend to disappear altogether as human entities from our consciousness.

[Davids:] Psychoanalysis clearly has many vital contributions to make to the debate surrounding the current crisis....
However, the effectiveness of these contributions is constrained by the current racialised context in which they are formulated and presented, and in my opinion this has to be taken into account, much in the way that we take into account the atmosphere in a session, for at least two reasons.

Katherine van Wormer, Professor of Social Work at the University of Northern Iowa and co-author of 'Addiction Treatment: A Strengths Perspective',
argues that Bush can be understood as a "dry drunk":
More Evidence that Bush Is a "Dry Drunk"?.
(PUBLISHED and POSTED: January 27, 2004)

Up to one in five of the American military personnel in Iraq will suffer
from post-traumatic stress disorder, say senior forces' medical staff dealing with
the psychiatric fallout of the war.
This revelation follows the disclosure last month that more than 600 US servicemen
and women have been evacuated from the country for psychiatric reasons since the
conflict started last March.

"n comparison with the combat phase, what we are now seeing are
conditions of chronic stress which the troops are experiencing every day. It is a
combination of danger, boredom and sleep deprivation, and the knowledge that they
are a long way from home," said Berg. "In addition people are no longer sure when
or what the end will be. No one knows when they will be going home. They are also
working in an environment where the people they came to help are very hostile...."

The psychiatrists have seen symptoms ranging from disturbed sleep,
heart palpitations, nausea and diarrhoea to more obvious behavioural problems, such
as forgetful-ness, aggression, irrational anger and feelings of alienation.
From the present period of chronic stress to the personnel, the doctors are expecting
symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety to develop....

At least 22 US soldiers have killed themselves - a rate considered abnormally high - mostly since President George Bush declared an end to major combat on 1 May last year....

The military psychiatrists are puzzled by the suicide rate in Iraq, saying that it makes little sense in comparison with those in past conflicts.
The accepted wisdom in military psychiatry is that the level of suicides - far from increasing during wars - drops as the survival instinct kicks in among the personnel in the conflict zone.

It would appear that the indictment of Saddam gathers power, conviction, irrefutability, by adding the possessive, proprietary, emphatic "own" to the people tortured, gassed or killed. What does the grammar of accusations say about the metrics of American values?

In the colonial era, racism inoculated people against feeling empathy toward those other people in the periphery. Those other people were children, barbarians, savages, if not worse.

Richard Goldstein of the Village Voice views Dean's
success as do to his image of being a real man, countering the perceived
threats to their masculinity experienced by white men:
Sex and the Democrats.
(POSTED: January 12, 2004)

Liberal Talk show host Thom Hartmann describes the Republicans
"psychological warfare" on white working men, to convince them that their
problems are due to castrating women, not the insecurity created by ant-worker
policies. This piece complements those of sociologist Arlie Hochschild,
[see below]:
Conservatives Target Testicles.
(PUBLISHED and POSTED: December 20, 2003)

Rush Limbaugh just declared psychological war on the working white
males of America, although most of them probably didn't realize it. This week
Limbaugh rolled out a "funny" faux advertisement for the "Hillary Clinton
Testicle Lock Box" that now any woman can use to clamp down on men's testicles
just like Hillary does.... It's part of a sophisticated psychological
operations program by conservatives that explicitly targets working men in
America, and dates back to research first done for Richard Nixon.

Bush's leadership style and use of language essentially have
created cognitive dissonance in the electorate. The more that Americans
observe the Bush presidency pushing policies they do not support, and would
normally question, the more they confront the choice of whether to oppose him
actively or rationalize away their discomfort. Many Americans have chosen the
latter because the President has convinced them that the situation is
desperate and that only he can handle the continuing crisis. The more they
depend upon Bush, the more they rationalize away any objections they may have
to his specific ideas and policies.

The current President, however, uses the word "I" far more often
than the word "we," and usually refers only to the United States, or himself
and his party, not the entire world community, when he says "we." This
President also tends to undercut his words of inspiration with references to
dangers that loom and threaten, hovering vaguely outside our immediate sphere
of control. Even as Bush promises action, he fosters a sense of chaos and
danger

Jonathan Rowe also analyzes political speech, but he argues for
a strength in progressive speech:
Don't Talk Like a Twit.
(POSTED: December 12, 2003)

Stepping off the superpower treadmill would also enable us to
cease being a nation ruled by fear. Renouncing omnipotence would make our
leaders themselves less fearful of weakness, and diminish their inclination to
instill fear in their people as a means of enlisting them for illusory military
efforts at world hegemony. Without the need for invulnerability, everyone
would have much less to be afraid of.

A new report by the group
Medact (the British affiliate of International Physicians for the
Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) ) - winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985)
suggests that the health effects of the Iraq war are greater
than previously reported and that "while the health and environmental consequences
of the conflict will be felt for many years to come."
Continuing Collateral Damage: The health and environmental costs of war on Iraq.
Of special interest to PPJ are three Working Papers, especially #3:
Working Paper 1 "Highlights and explains the contrast beween the widespread use of precision weapons and the high number of incidents involving civilian deaths and ‘friendly fire’."
And
Working Paper 2 "Looks at the questionable legality of inhumane weapons used during the conflict and explains their impact on health. "
Working Paper 3 Mental well-being in Iraq – six months after the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom.
[See also the BBC report:
Iraq 'faces severe health crisis'.]
(PUBLISHED and POSTED: November 11, 2003)

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild applies the thinking of George
Lakoff and Norman Mailer to examine the question, why would
blue-collar workers support George Bush?
Let Them Eat War. See also the
interview with Arlie Hochschild on this issue by
BuzzFlash.
(POSTED: October 7 & December 20, 2003)

Another thought-provoking piece by linguist George Lakoff analyzing
the language of political discourse:
Framing a Democratic Agenda and Lakoff's comments on the
Arnold Schwartzenegger victory in California:
The Frame Around Arnold. See also the
Rockridge Institute which builds on Lakoff's work to:
"Reframe the terms of political debate to make a progressive moral vision
more persuasive and influential."(POSTED: September 28 & October 14, 2003)

[From the original paper:] The core ideology of conservatism
stresses resistance to change and justification of inequality and is motivated
by needs that vary situationally and dispositionally to manage uncertainty
and threat.

James Carrol, the Boston Globe's resident columnist/moralist
discusses the American thirst for revenge, as well as our denial of it, as
motivators for the Iraq war, and other horrors:
America's habit of revenge(PUBLISHED and POSTED: August 5, 2003)

In addition to grieving for lost lives, and individual injury,
many in North America have a wounded national self-image. So many have said
"the world will never be the same". Actually the world is little different
from before. It is North Americans' sense of our place in the world that has
been shocked. It is our inescapable vulnerability to what others think of us
that needs consideration.

James Carroll, as usual, has a very perceptive comment on the
moral dimensions, or lack thereof, of President Bush as he responds to
the current situation:
Bush's war against evil(PUBLISHED and POSTED: July 8, 2003)

To address concerns about the savage violence engulfing
"postwar" Iraq with a cocksure "Bring `em on!" as he did last week, is to
display an absence of imagination shocking in a man of such authority. It
showed a lack of capacity to identify either with enraged Iraqis who must
rise to such a taunt or with young GIs who must now answer for it.
Even in relationship to his own soldiers, there is nothing at the core of
this man but visceral meanness.

No human being with a minimal self-knowledge could speak of evil
as he [President Bush] does, but there is no self-knowledge without a self. Even this short
"distance of history" shows George W. Bush to be, in that sense, the
selfless president, which is not a compliment. It's a warning.

America invaded another nation, unscrewed its head and took a giant
dump down its neck--unprovoked. Confronted with the singularly un-American nature
of this exploit, our leaders responded by claiming we had to do it-- because this
enemy nation was aiming a vast artillery of deadly weapons designed especially to
kill blonde people at us. I don't think all that many people really believed it,
not really really. But they went along with it, because to confront the real
reasons for such aimless aggression would be too horrible for their fragile
worldviews and patriotic self-images to bear. When the 'WMD' bit turned out not
to be true, the rationale switched to exporting American Democracy by force. Which
is an oxymoron, a common symptom of cognitive dissonance.

The beauty part of cognitive dissonance is the worse it gets, the more
people throw up [their hands] and say "who cares?" In this way such public works
projects as genocide and empire-building can be accomplished, because people
refuse to care. It's too damn demanding, too scary, and too damaging to that
ever-threatened bird called Self Esteem.

Civilization's Obscene Ghost, from the
Los Angeles Times (April 6, 2003)
by Peter Brooks discusses the current Iraq war in the light of Freud's observtions
on the first World War in "Thoughts for the Times on War and Death" .

Wallace Shawn in The Nation states the obvious -- that the hawks are
possessed by the opportunity to express their internal violence:
Fragments From a Diary(POSTED: April 23, 2003)

Why are we being so ridiculously polite? It's as if there were some sort of
gentlemen's agreement that prevents people from stating the obvious truth that Bush and
his colleagues are exhilarated and thrilled by the thought of war, by the thought of
the incredible power they will have over so many other people, by the thought of the
immensity of what they will do, by the scale, the massiveness of the bombing they're
planning, the violence, the killing, the blood, the deaths, the horror.

The love of killing is inside each one of us, and we can never be sure that
it won't come out. We have to be grateful if it doesn't come out. In fact, it is utterly
wrong for me to imagine that Bush is violent and I am not, that Bush is cruel and I
am not. I am potentially just as much of a killer as he is, and I need the help of all
the sages and poets and musicians and saints to guide me onto a better path, and I can
only hope that the circumstances of my life will continue to be ones that help me to
stay on that path. But we can't deny that Bush and his men, for whatever reason, are
under the sway of the less peaceful side of their natures.

While one may not agree with his entire argument,
Anis Shivani poses interesting questions crying out for psychoanalytic
explanation;
Is America Becoming Fascist?(PUBLISHED and POSTED: April 28, 2003)

Bush’s language, based on a good versus evil world-view, has strong
appeal because it meets people’s emotional needs. It creates an impression that
complicated problems are easily addressed by quite elemental steps that only Bush
has the power to put in place....

Like a magician distracting his audience from the slight of hand,
the abusive personality first uses “empty language” to distract the listener –
broad statements that are so abstract they mean little and are virtually impossible
to oppose.... in the State of the Union speech, I found 39 instances of such
impossible-to-disagree-with statements....

[Empty language] makes the listener ready for the second technique
involved in abusive technique, using language to create a core negative framework.
Bush is a master at developing negative frameworks.... Bush uses this negative
framework with its underlying pessimism as a political and linguistic technique.
Bush consistently opts to describe the existing situation as a crisis and as a
future and ongoing problem rather than a past or present one....
Bush then utilizes abstract passive construction to build up the “bogeyman” - a
terrible force outside our control that is threatening our survival -- threats
that are beyond any specific solution problems that are totally overwhelming....
Bush’s language is designed to create fear, to disable people from feeling they
have the ability to solve their problems, to depend on Bush.

Boston Globe collumnist James Caroll regularly searches
for the psychological roots of our current situation in his columns. Here is
is speculation on the role of millennial fear:
Millennial war(POSTED: June 17, 2003)

Other Perspectives

I have just received news that Loren Mosher has died. Dr.
Mosher was first Chief of NIMH's Center for Studies of Schizophrenia and founding
editor of Schizophrenia Bulletin, which was a wonderful journal during his tenure.
Most importantly, Dr. Mosher pioneered low-drug, minimally intrusive approaches
to the treatment of schizophrenia, and resisted the medical-pharmaceutical complex
during his whole career. He is perhaps most famous for the creation of Soteria House:
Soteria House, a residential community where these ideas were successfully
implemented. See his
Biography. Further information on his work is available at:
http://www.moshersoteria.com/, including his Letter of Resignation from
the American Psychiatric Association.
(PUBLISHED and POSTED: August 1, 2004)

Human Relations, Authority and Justice, an e-journal and web site attempting
"to bring psychoanalytic and related psychodynamic approaches to bear on group,
institutional, cultural and political processes."
Edited by Dr Toma Tomov, Professor of Psychiatry, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria,
Dr Robert M. Young, Professor of Psychotherapy and Psychoanalytic Studies,
University of Sheffield, England.

A brief survey of contemporary papers, keynote addresses and panels
presented at official psychoanalytic congresses, suggests that the politically
subversive implications of psychoanalysis are now judged to be out of date
and irrelevant, socially inappropriate, or divisive and therefore best forgotten.
Yet, I believe that, given the far reaching theoretical and clinical consequences
of today's sanitized psychoanalysis, many of the questions once raised by the
Freudian Left are even more pertinent today....

Does the claim of neutrality cover up the reactionary intent of
clinical practice to explain away the social basis of human miseries by reducing
them to "intrapsychic conflicts" and discouraging dissent?

Related Journals

Social Practice / Psychological Theorizing is launched as a modest attempt to bring together, mediate and transform many diverse discourses across disciplines, most of which are rather isolated and dichotomized at present: the psychological and the social, theory and practice, micro and macro, mind and body, reason and emotion, the individual and the society, culture and nature, private and public, male and female, the I and the other, center and periphery, qualitative and quantitative, subjective and objective; plus many further dualities.

The
Journal of Psycho-Social Studies is an e-journal on applied psychoanalysis.
It "particularly welcome(s) contributions from postgraduate students and those just
starting their publishing career."
(POSTED: June 16, 2004)

JPCS is the official publication of the
Association for the Psychoanalysis of Culture & Society,
an international and interdisciplinary organization. The journal publishes
articles, reviews, field notes, international notes, and letters to the editor
that employ psychoanalysis to address the psychological roots or consequences of
social and cultural phenomena in such a way as to enhance the possibilities for
social change.

Related Organizations

The main rationale for this coalition is to create synergy amongst
various groups and individuals to take effective action together. Our
assumption is that together we can be more effective than separately.
Although there are various groups of psychologists concerned with social
justice in a variety of formal and informal organizations, there is no
effective voice that unites these psychologists and others at a global
scale.

If we are to begin to solve our most serious social problems, we
must understand their psychological roots. Many of these problems, including
violence, drug abuse, irresponsible sexuality, and intolerance in its various
forms, will be extremely difficult if not impossible to solve unless we address
the psychological roots that are the immediate causes of these destructive
behaviors.

Psychologists for Social Responsibility is a group of psychologists who use
"psychological knowledge and skills to promote peace with social justice at the community,
national, and international levels."

Physicians for Social Responsibility,
winner of the 1983 Nobel Peace Prize, "is a leading public policy
organization with 24,000 members representing the medical and public
health professions and concerned citizens, working together for
nuclear disarmament, a healthful environment, and an end to the epidemic of gun violence."

Physicians for Human Rights, co-winner of the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize,
"was founded in 1986 on the idea that health professionals, with their specialized skills,
ethical duties, and credible voices, are uniquely positioned to investigate the
health consequences of human rights violations and work to stop them.
PHR mobilizes health professionals to advance health, dignity, and justice and
promotes the right to health for all." PHR is a leader in the campaign against
torture and against health professional complicity in it.

Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI)
"is an international group of over 3500 psychologists, allied scientists, students,
and others who share a common interest in research on the psychological aspects of
important social issues. In various ways, the Society seeks to bring theory and
practice into focus on human problems of the group, the community, and nations,
as well as the increasingly important problems that have no national boundaries."

RadPsychNet
is an organization of over 300 members word-wide dedicated to using psychological
knowledge to "help create a society better able to meet human needs and
bring about social justice." "Psychology" appears to be very broadly defined and a
number of their members appear
to be psychoanalytically-oriented. They have a free web journal:
Radical Psychology. Membership is free.