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Thursday, August 19, 2010

“WALI SONGO”

Maulana Malik Ibrahim (Wafat 1419) (Died 1419)

Maulana Malik Ibrahim, or Ibrahim Al-Samarkandy Makdum estimated born in Samarkand, Central Asia, in the early half of 14th century. Babad Tanah Jawi call Asmarakandi Meinsma version, follow the spoken tongue of the As-Samarkandy Java, turned into Asmarakandi.
Maulana Malik Ibrahim Sheikh sometimes also referred to as the western. Some people even call it Grandpa Pillows. . He was with the Maulana brothers Isaac, renowned scholars Pasai Ocean, as well as the father of Sunan Giri (Raden Paku). Abraham and Isaac is the son of a Persian cleric named Maulana Jumadil Kubro, who settled in Samarkand. Maulana Jumadil Kubro believed to be descendants of the 10th of Syayidina Hussein, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.
Maulana Malik Ibrahim was living in Campa, now Cambodia, for thirteen years since 1379. He even married the daughter of the king, who gave him two sons. They are Raden Rahmat (known as the Sunan Ampel) and Syed Ali Murtaza aka Raden Santri. Feeling quite a mission missionary in the country, in 1392 AD Maulana Malik Ibrahim fled to the island of Java, leaving his family.
Some versions state that accompanied his arrival a few people. First time on its target areas ie Sembalo village, the area is still in the Majapahit empire. Sembalo village now, is an area Manyar Learn districts, nine kilometers north of the town of Gresik.
The first activity was doing when it is dealing with how to open a stall. Stalls that provide basic needs at low prices. Also specifically Malik Ibrahim also volunteered to treat people for free. As a physician, reportedly, she was never invited to treat the king’s wife who came from the Campa. It is probable that the empress was still his wife’s kin.
Grandfather Pillow also teach new ways of farming. He embraced the community set aside under-caste in Hinduism. So Perfected first mission, namely to find a place in the hearts of people around that whilst he was hit by the economic crisis and civil war. Done build and arrange lodging place in Learn religious study, in 1419 AD Maulana Malik Ibrahim died. His tomb is now found in the village gate, Gresik, East Java. 

Sunan Ampel

He was the eldest son of Maulana Malik Ibrahim. According to the Babad Tanah Jawi and Genealogy of the Holy Sunan, in his childhood he was known by the name of Raden Rahmat. I He was born in Campa in 1401 AD. Ampel own name, identified with the old name of the place where he resides. In areas or Ampel Ampel Denta, the region is now a part of Surabaya (city Wonokromo now).
Some versions state that Sunan Ampel onto the island of Java in the year 1443 AD with Sayid Ali Murtadho, his brother. Year 1440, prior to Java, they stopped first at Kilkenny. After three years in Kilkenny, then he melabuh Gresik to the area. Continuing to go to Majapahit to meet his aunt, a princess of Campa, named Dwarawati, which dipersunting one of the Hindu Majapahit king Prabu Sri Kertawijaya title.
Sunan Ampel was married to the daughter of a duke in Tuban.From that marriage he was blessed with several sons and daughters. Among others who became his successor is Sunan Bonang and Sunan Drajat. When the Sultanate of Demak (25 kilometers south of the Holy City) to set up, also led to the birth of Sunan Ampel first Islamic kingdom in Java. He also pointed to his disciples, Raden Patah, the son of King UB V king of Majapahit, to become the Sultan of Demak in 1475 AD
At Ampel Denta swampy, who was awarded the King of Majapahit region, he built a boarding school to develop. At first he embraced the surrounding community. In the mid 15th century, boarding schools become centers of education that is very influential in the archipelago and even overseas. Among these is the Sunan Giri santrinya and Raden Patah. The students were then disebarnya to call people to various parts of Java and Madura.
Sunan Ampel embrace madhhabs Hanafi fiqh. However, on the santrinya, it only gives a simple instruction that emphasizes the growing belief and worship. He was the one who introduced the term “Mo Limo” (moh main, moh ngombe , Moh yolong, moh mabuk, Moh madon). ” Namely the call for “no gambling, no drinking, not stealing, not using narcotics, and do not fornicate.”
Sunan Ampel estimated to death in 1481 at Demak and is buried west of Masjid Ampel, Surabaya. 

Sunan Giri

He has little name Raden Paku, alias Muhammad Ainul Yakin. Sunan Giri was born in Blambangan (now Banyuwangi) in 1442 AD There is also a call Jaka Ocean. A name that is associated with childhood family had ever thrown by her mother-a princess named Dewi Sekardadu Blambangan into the sea. Raden Nails then collected by Nyai Semboja child (Babad Tanah Jawi Meinsma version)
His father was Maulana Ishak. Maulana Malik Ibrahim siblings. Maulana Ishak managed to Islamkan his wife, but fails to convert the in-laws. That is why he left the family until his wife traveled to Ocean Pasai.
Sunan Giri small studying in boarding schools, Sunan Ampel, where Raden Patah also studied. He had traveled to Malacca and Pasai. After feeling quite science, he opened a boarding school in hilly areas Sidomukti Village, South Gresik.In the Java language, the hill is “giri”. Maka ia dijuluki Sunan Giri. So he called Sunan Giri.
His “Pesantren” not only used as a place of education in the narrow sense, but also as a center for community development. King of Majapahit, allegedly for fear of Sunan Giri-sparked revolt gave him the flexibility to manage the government. And boarding schools rose developed into one of the centers of power called Giri Kedaton. As leaders of government, Sunan Giri, also known as King Satmata.
Giri Kedaton grown into an important political center in Java, at that time. When Raden Patah escape from Majapahit, Sunan Giri in fact acting as an adviser and military commander of the Sultanate of Demak. It is recorded in the Babad Demak. Furthermore, do not get out of Demak of Sunan Giri influence. He is also recognized as a mufti, the highest religious leader, a Java land.
Giri Kedaton survive up to 200 years. . One of his successor, Prince Singosari, known as the most persistent figures against collusion VOC and Amangkurat II at Century 18.
The students of pesantren Giri also known as a persistent spreaders of Islam to various islands, such as Bawean, Kangean, Madura, Haruku, Ternate, to Nusa Tenggara. Disseminator of Islam to South Sulawesi, Datuk Ribandang and two companions, was a student of Sunan Giri is derived from the Minangkabau.
In religion, he is known for his extensive knowledge in the science of jurisprudence. People also call it as the Sultan Abdul Fakih. Ia juga pecipta karya seni yang luar biasa. He also pecipta extraordinary works of art. Kids games like Jelungan, moldy, lir-ilir and cublak suweng called Sunan Giri creations. Similarly Gending Asmaradana and more nuanced heron-Java but the terms with Islamic teachings. 

Sunan Bonang

He is son of Sunan Ampel, which means also the grandson of Maulana Malik Ibrahim. His first name was Raden Makdum Ibrahim. Born estimated 1465 AD from a woman named Nyi Ageng Manila, the daughter of a Duke at Tuban.
Sunan Bonang boarding school to learn religion from his father in Ampel Denta. Once old enough, he ventured to call in different corners of the island of Java. At first he was preaching in Kediri, which is majority Hindu community. There he founded the Mosque Deny Daha.
He later settled in the Bonang-Lasem small village in Central Java, about 15 kilometers east the city of Apex. In the village and he built the place pesujudan / shrine once a boarding school now known as Watu screen. He became known also as the first official imam Sultanate Demak, and even had time to become commander in chief. Nevertheless, Sunan Bonang never stop his habit to wander into areas very difficult.
He often visit outlying areas in Tuban, Pati, Madura and Bawean. On this island, in 1525 AD he died. His remains were interred in Tuban, west of Great Mosque, after the community had fought over by Bawean and Tuban.
Unlike the straightforward Sunan Giri in jurisprudence, the doctrine of Sunan Bonang ahlussunnah teaching style combines mysticism and orthodox salaf line. He mastered the science of Jurisprudence, usuludin, Sufism, arts, literature and architecture. Sunan Bonang Society also known as an expert to find water sources in arid places.
Sunan Bonang cored on teaching philosophy ‘love’ (‘isyq). Very similar to the trend Jalalludin Rumi.According to Bonang, love with faith, intuitive knowledge (supreme knowledge) and obedience to Allah SWT or haq al yaqqin. That teaching is popularly conveyed through the media arts community preferred. In this case, Sunan Bonang shoulder to shoulder the main disciple, Sunan Kalijaga.
Sunan Bonang many literary birth of seclusion, or song of imagery. One is “Suluk Wijil” which seems influenced by the book of Al Shidiq Abu Sa’id al-Khayr (d. 899). Suluknya much use of mirror imagery, marine crane or birds. An approach that is also used by Ibn Arabi, Fariduddin Attar, Rumi and Hamzah Fansuri.
Sunan Bonang was also composed the Javanese gamelan which was thick with the aesthetics of Hindu, by giving new nuances. It was he who became creators of Javanese gamelan as it is now, by adding bonang instruments. . Composition when it has the feel of dhikr that encourage the love of life transedental (angelic nature).Song “Tombo Ati” is one of the works of Sunan Bonang.
In the puppet stage, Sunan Bonang is a masterful puppeteer anesthetize the audience. His passion is to compose the play and enter a unique interpretation of Islam. Pandava-tale feud Kurawa Sunan Bonang be interpreted as a battle between the nafs (negation), and ‘isbah (affirmation). 

Sunan Drajat

. He is son of Sunan Ampel. Thus he was related to Sunan Bonang. It is estimated that the title Sunan Drajat Syaifudin Raden was born in the year 1470 AD
Sunan Drajat got from his father’s first duty to call people to the coast in Gresik, by sea. She then dumped in the coastal hamlet Jelog-Banjarwati or Lamongan now. But next year Sunan Drajat moved one mile to the south and founded padepokan Dalem Duwur students, now called Village Drajat, Paciran-Lamongan.
In the teaching of monotheism and faith, Sunan Drajat took his father’s ways: directly and not much toward the local culture. Nevertheless, the manner of delivery by adapting the way the art of Sunan Muria. So he composed a number of seclusion, among them the seclusion advice “give stick to the blind / feed the hungry / give clothes to the naked ‘.
Sunan Drajat also known as a naif who like to help. In the cabin his pesantren, he maintains many children orphaned and poor. 

Sunan Kalijaga

He was the “guardian” whose name is most widely called the Java community. He was born around the year 1450 AD. His father is Arya Wilatikta, Duke Tuban-Majapahit descended from the rebel leaders, Ronggolawe. That period, the Aryans are thought to have embraced Islam Wilatikta.
Sunan Kalijaga nickname is Raden Said. He also has a number of nicknames such as Lokajaya, Sheikh Malaya, Prince Raden Abdurrahman.Terdapat Tuban or different versions concerning the origin of the name it bears Kalijaga.
Cirebon Society believes that the name is derived from the hamlet Kalijaga in Cirebon. Sunan Kalijaga had indeed been living in Cirebon and friends close by Sunan Gunung Jati. Java circles relate this to soak favorite guardian (‘kungkum’) in the river (times) or “guard time”. But there is a mention that the term derives from the Arabic “qadli dzaqa” which refers its status as the “princes of the holy” empire.
Sunan Kalijaga lifetime is estimated at more than 100 years. Thus he experienced the end of the Majapahit kingdom (ending 1478), the Sultanate of Demak, Cirebon and Banten Sultanate, Kingdom Pajang even born in 1546 and the beginning of the Mataram kingdom under the leadership presence Panembahan Senopati. He is also involved designing and construction of the Great Mosque Great Mosque of Demak, Cirebon. Pole “chips” (wood fragments), which is one of the main pillars of the mosque is the creation of Sunan Kalijaga.
In preaching, he had a similar pattern with close friends and mentors at the same time, Sunan Bonang. Understanding religious tend to be “based Sufi salaf”-not the pantheistic Sufi (worship only). He also chose the arts and culture as a means to call people.
He is very tolerant to local cultures. He argued that society would move away if attacked stance. So they must be approached in stages: to follow her influence. Sunan Kalijaga believes if Islam has been understood, with a long lost the habit itself.
So impressed syncretic teachings of Sunan Kalijaga in introducing Islam. She uses sculpture, puppets, gamelan music, and sound art seclusion as a means of propaganda. He was the creator of the shirt piety, celebrations sekatenan, Grebeg Maulud, Layang Kalimasada, puppet plays Petruk Be King. Downtown landscape of the Palace, the plaza with two banyan and the mosque is believed to be the work of Sunan Kalijaga.
The method is very effective propaganda. Most of the duke of Java to Islam through the Sunan Kalijaga. Among them are Duke Pandanaran, Kartasura, Eocene Banyumas, and Pajang (now Kota Gede – Yogyakarta). Sunan Kalijaga Kadilangu-south buried in Demak. 

Sunan Kudus

His first name Jaffar Sadiq. He was the son of the couple and Syarifah Ngudung Sunan (Sunan Bonang’s brother), son Nyi Ageng Maloka. Sunan Ngudung is mentioned that one of the sons of Sultan in Egypt who wandered up in Java. In the Sultanate of Demak, he was appointed Commander of the War.
Sunan Kudus many sit under Sunan Kalijaga. Then he ventured into various areas such as arid in Sragen, Central Java, Gunung Kidul Simo up. His “dakwah” any way to imitate the approach of Sunan Kalijaga: very tolerant of the local culture. Delivery is even more subtle ways. That is why the trustees-who struggle to find the majority of preachers to the Holy-appointed community steadfast adherents.
Sunan way people approached the Holy Ghost is to utilize the symbols of Hinduism and Buddhism.This is evident from the Holy mosque architecture. The form of towers, gates and shower / ablution padasan symbolizing eight Buddhist path. A form of compromise that made Sunan Kudus.
One time, he was fishing community to go to the mosque to listen to his tabligh. For that, he deliberately tethered cow named Kebo Gumarang in the mosque yard. The people who glorify Hindu cow, into sympathy. Especially after they heard the explanation of Sunan Kudus about surat Al Baqarah which means “cow.” Until now, most traditional societies Ghost, is still refusing to slaughter cows.
Sunan Kudus also compose stories ketauhidan. The story in serial arrangement, so that the public interest to follow the rest. An approach that seems to adopt a 1001 story tonight from the Abbasid Caliphate. With so Sunan Kudus bind society.
Not only call people like that who do Sunan Kudus. Like his father, he too had become Commander of the Sultanate of Demak War. He fought at Demak, under the leadership of Sultan Prawata, fought against the Duke Jipang, Arya Penangsang. 

Sunan Muria

He was the son of Goddess Saroh-brother of Sunan Giri both children Sheikh Maulana Ishak, with Sunan Kalijaga. His first name was Raden Prawoto.Samples taken from the name of his last residence on the slopes of Mount Muria, 18 miles north of the Holy city.
Style berdakwahnya many take the way his father, Sunan Kalijaga. But unlike his father, Sunan Muria would rather live in a remote and distant from the city center to spread Islam. Mingle with the commoners, while teaching the skills of farming, trade and go to sea is his favorite.
Sunan Muria is often used also as a mediator in the internal conflict in the Sultanate of Demak (1518-1530). He is known as a person who can solve their problems no matter how complicated the problem. The solution was always solution acceptable to all warring parties. Sunan Muria call people from Jepara, Tayu, Juana until about Ghost and Pati. One result is the art of preaching through song and Kinanti sinom. 

Sunan Gunung Jati

Many absurd stories are associated with Sunan Gunung Jati. Among them is that he never experienced such a spiritual journey of Isra ‘Mi’raj, then met the Messenger of Allah SAW, met the Prophet Khidr, and accept the will of the Prophet Sulaeman.(Babad Cirebon Klayan hal.xxii Manuscript).
All it suggests that the public admiration of Sunan Gunung Jati. Sunan Gunung Jati or Syarif Hidayatullah was born around the year 1448 is estimated M.Her mother is Nyai Rara Jones, daughter of the king Pajajaran Raden Rarasa Manah. While his father was the Sultan Sharif Maulana Huda Abdullah, a leader of Egypt descended from the Bani Hashim Palestine.
Sharif Hidayatullah explore the science of religion since the age of 14 years of Egyptian scholars. He had traveled to various countries. Following the establishment of the Sultanate of Demak Bintoro, and the blessing of the clergy among others, he founded the Sultanate of Cirebon is also known as the Sultanate Pakungwati.
Thus, Sunan Gunung Jati is only “guardian songo” who lead the government. Sunan Gunung Jati use its influence as the son of King Pajajaran to spread Islam from Cirebon coastal or inland Pasundan Priangan.
In preaching, he adopted a straightforward trend Middle East. But he also approached the people by building infrastructure such as roads that connect between regions.
Together with his son, Maulana Hasanuddin, Sunan Gunung Jati is also an expedition into Bantam. Local ruler, General Shoot, voluntary surrender control of the Banten region that became the forerunner to the Sultanate of Banten.
At the age of 89 years, Sunan Gunung Jati resigned his position to pursue only propaganda. Power is handed to Prince Pasarean. In the year 1568 AD, Sunan Gunung Jati’s death at the age of 120 years, in Cirebon (formerly Carbon). He is buried in the area of Mount Sembung, Mountain Teak, about 15 kilometers before the town of Cirebon from the west.