No Association Between Vitamin C and E Supplementation, Frailty, and Grip Strength Over Five Years: The CoLaus Study (CoLaus)

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Grip strength [ Time Frame: Between April 2009 and September 2012, and 5.5 years afterwards ]

Grip strength was assessed using the Baseline® Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer (Fabrication Enterprises Inc, Elmsford, NY, USA) with the subject seated, shoulders adducted and neutrally rotated, elbow flexed at 90°, forearm in neutral position, and wrist between 0 and 30° of dorsiflexion per American Society of Hand Therapists's guidelines (26). Three measurements were performed successively with the subject's right hand, and the highest value (expressed in kg), along with the participant's dominant hand choice, was recorded.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

Low grip strength [ Time Frame: Between April 2009 and September 2012, and 5.5 years afterwards ]

Grip strength was categorized as low (defined as frail in this study) or normal according to the Fried criteria, which also considers sex and body mass index (BMI).

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Ages Eligible for Study:

40 Years to 80 Years (Adult, Older Adult)

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Sampling Method:

Probability Sample

Study Population

All inhabitants of Lausanne city, Switzerland, aged 35 to 75 at the time of the Baseline study (2003-2006)

Criteria

Inclusion criteria Participation in the first follow-up of the CoLaus study Exclusion criteria for the cross-sectional study

missing grip strength;

missing covariates

missing or suspicious body fat values Further exclusion criteria for the prospective analysis