Overview: Mapping for Change the emergence of a new practice

Transcription

1 1 Overview: Mapping for Change the emergence of a new practice by JON CORBETT, GIACOMO RAMBALDI, PETER KYEM, DAN WEINER, RACHEL OLSON, JULIUS MUCHEMI, MIKE McCALL and ROBERT CHAMBERS Background The Mapping for Change International Conference on Participatory Spatial Information Management and Communication brought together 154 people from 45 different countries and nations with practical experience in implementing Participatory GIS (PGIS). What unites these practitioners is their belief that PGIS practice (Box 1) can have profound implications for marginalised groups in society: it can enhance capacity in generating, managing and communicating spatial information; it can stimulate innovation; and ultimately, it can encourage positive social change. The tools generated and used in this practice can become interactive vehicles for networking, discussion, information exchange, analysis and decision-making. When PGIS practice first began to move from the nondigital to the digital realm in the mid 1990s, concerns arose over the feasibility of applying relatively complex PGIS tools in a participatory manner. In their paper titled Participatory GIS: opportunity or oxymoron? Abbot et al (1998) identified and debated the benefits and problems of a participatory GIS approach. They asked whether Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used by local people, empowering them to influence policy decisions through owning and using the data or whether a participatory GIS would simply be extractive? These fundamental questions still exist, particularly for digital tools. But practitioners have now had more than a decade to develop and apply these tools, as well as to Box 1: PGIS: an emergent practice PGIS is an emergent practice in its own right. It is a result of a merger between Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) methods with Geographic Information Technologies (GIT). PGIS facilitates the representation of local people s spatial knowledge using two- or threedimensional maps. These map products can be used to facilitate decision-making processes, as well as support communication and community advocacy. PGIS practice is geared towards community empowerment through tailored, demand-driven and user-friendly applications of these geospatial technologies. Good PGIS practice is flexible and adapts to different socio-cultural and biophysical environments. It often relies on the combination of expert skills with local knowledge. Unlike traditional GIS applications, PGIS places control on access and use of culturally sensitive spatial data in the hands of those communities who generated it. Adapted from Rambaldi et al. (2005) 13

2 1Corbett, Rambaldi, Kyem, Weiner, Olson, Muchemi, McCall and Chambers Box 2: Some participatory tools and methods used in the practice Ephemeral mapping: this most basic method involves drawing maps on the ground. Participants use raw materials like soil, pebbles, sticks and leaves to represent the physical and cultural landscape. Sketch mapping is a slightly more elaborate method. A map is drawn from observation or memory. It does not rely on exact measurements, such as having a consistent scale, or geo-referencing. It usually involves drawing symbols on large pieces of paper to represent features in the landscape. Scale mapping is a more sophisticated map-making method aimed at generating geo-referenced data. This allows community members to develop relatively accurate scaled and geo-referenced maps, which can be directly compared with other maps. 3D modelling integrates spatial knowledge with elevation data in order to produce three-dimensional stand-alone, scaled and geo-referenced relief models. Geographic features relating to land use and cover are depicted on the model by the use of pushpins (points), yarns (lines) and paints (polygons). When the model is finished, a scaled and geo-referenced grid is applied to facilitate data extraction or importation. Data depicted on the model can be extracted, digitised and plotted. Photomaps are printouts of geometrically corrected and geo-referenced aerial photographs (orthophotographs). Orthophoto-maps are a source of accurate, remotely sensed data that may be used for large-scale community mapping projects. Community members can delineate land use and other significant features on transparencies that have been overlaid on the photomap. Information on the transparencies can be scanned or digitised and geo-referenced later. Remote sensing images at a suitable scale are an increasingly appropriate alternative, when they can be easily and freely (or very cheaply) downloaded from the Web (Muller et al., 2003). Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have become more affordable, and their use has spread rapidly among NGOs and community organisations. GPS is a satellite-based positioning system that can tell you your exact location on the earth using a known co-ordinate system such as latitude and longitude. The technology is often used for the demarcation of areas of land where access to and control over natural resources are in dispute. Data recorded are frequently used to add accuracy to information depicted on sketch maps, scale maps, 3D models and other less technology-rich community mapping methods. Map-linked multimedia information systems are similar to GIS technologies but simpler to understand and manage. Local knowledge is documented by community members using digital video, digital photos and written text, stored on computers and managed and communicated through the interface of an interactive, digital map. By clicking on features of the interactive map the other multimedia information can be accessed. GIS is a computer-based system designed to collect, store, manage and analyse spatially referenced information and associated attribute data. GIS technology is increasingly being used to explore community-driven questions. In the process, local spatially referenced, as well as non-spatial, data are integrated and analysed to support discussion and decision-making processes. Mobile GIS has become much better adapted to participatory and local community use since the development of GIS software designed to work with hand-held computers or laptop computers in the field. Adapted from Rambaldi et al. (2005) and Corbett (2005) continue their exploration of older, non-digital PGIS tools. The Mapping for Change conference has allowed practitioners to share their experiences, both successes and failures, and identify lessons learnt over this period. The contents of this special issue mark how PGIS practice has matured. It has begun to develop a set of ethics and effective methodologies that are based on first-hand experience. These ethical considerations will help to guide both new and experienced practitioners alike to ensure that local communities can develop and communicate their own data and ultimately influence larger decision-making processes. A broad range of tools and methods are available to practitioners and community representatives. These range from low-tech sketch mapping to hi-tech geo-spatial technologies and multimedia. As these tools increase in complexity, their use often (but not always) involves the incorporation of many of the preceding tools, resulting in approaches where multiple tools are used (Box 2). Description of the conference The Mapping for Change conference took place over an intense three days. It included 12 plenary presentations followed by discussions, and 32 presentations delivered during parallel sessions. These were followed by working group discussions based on assigned tasks and questions. The results of the working group discussions were then presented in a plenary session, and further debated. The initial objectives of the conference organisers were to enable participants: to share experiences and define good practice for making 14

3 Overview: Mapping for Change the emergence of a new practice 1 Robert Chambers presenting his paper to the conference participants Peter Kwaku Kyem, member of the organising committee, on a plenary session panel Photos: Johan Minnie geographic information technologies available to marginalised groups in society; and to set the foundation for the establishment of regional networks and resource centres in order to promote and support good practice in PGIS. The intended objectives of the conference were fully realised. From Kenya to Canada, Indigenous and First Nations participants, representative organisations and researchers alike all shared their experiences of PGIS initiatives. Working groups responding to specific tasks brought participants together to engage in collaborative learning on issues including: Enabling and disabling environments for PGIS, focusing on policies and funding that support or weaken the chances Box 3: What do we mean by good practice? Good PGIS practice should be careful, user-driven/user-centred, and ethically conscious. The participatory aspect means that the community takes as high as possible a degree of control over decisionmaking processes, managerial power and responsibility during all the different stages involved. for good practice. Sharing experiences relating to PGIS practice. These included ways of representing local spatial knowledge, claiming land and managing resources, issues related to participatory process, and ideas on how to support the safeguarding of cultural heritage. Building solidarity and a common vision among PGIS practitioners. This included the development of a way forward for enhancing networking and communication, drafting regional strategies for supporting the practice, and identifying key terminology for donors and international development agencies in order to encourage their support for the practice. Guidelines for good PGIS practice under different sociopolitical contexts in developing countries are discussed on the Open Forum on Participatory Geographic Information Systems and Technologies Giacomo Rambaldi, Mike McCall, Robert Chambers and Jefferson Fox sum up these views in their article in this special issue on page

4 1Corbett, Rambaldi, Kyem, Weiner, Olson, Muchemi, McCall and Chambers Box 3: The three Ts Transparency Transparency refers to the type of communication necessary for good PGIS practice. It implies clarity, accountability, the use of simple and understandable language, and transparent procedures such as open meetings. It respects the need for communities engaging in the process to be informed of all the potential drawbacks that might be associated with the application of the tools. Time Enough time is needed at the onset to build meaningful relationships between technology intermediaries and recipient communities. It is needed during implementation to maximise the positive impacts derived from PGIS initiatives and to enable local communities to take ownership over the tools. There needs to be a clear recognition of the need for a substantial investment of time. Tight time frames, imposed to meet outsider agendas, often serve to undermine a project. They might also disempower communities by preventing them from fully understanding the technologies or fully exploring the potential benefits from their application and use. Trust Trust refers to the relationship between the different groups and individuals. It is a critical ingredient for undertaking PGIS. Barbara Misztal (1996) writes that trust makes life predictable, it creates a sense of community, and it makes it easier for people to work together. The need for trust appears to exert a discipline on practitioners. Without the appropriate behaviour and attitudes for developing this trust, PGIS practice is difficult indeed. Transparency and Time being prerequisites for establishing Trust. Transparency, time, and trust A number of important themes relating to good practice emerged from conference presentations, posters, workshops and discussions. These can be summarised as the need to consider PGIS as a practice going beyond participatory mapmaking and involving additional dimensions of networking and communication and building on the three Ts transparency, time, and trust the first two being conditions for the last. Trust was a key term used throughout the conference. Maps are potentially such powerful tools. They have the ability to influence, for good or bad, the outcomes of decision-making processes. So trust between outsider facilitators and local people becomes a critical condition for success. A plenary session panel, Mapping for Change conference. From left to right: Peter Poole, Dave de Vera, Giacomo Rambaldi, Reiko Yoshida and Mike McCall Description of this special issue The articles in this special issue of PLA are drawn from papers and posters presented at the Mapping for Change conference. The authors focus on case studies and experiences from the developing world and Canadian First Nations. They represent the broad application of a number of approaches and tools in various socio-economic and geographic settings by practitioners sharing a considerable depth of experience. We hope that these papers communicate a flavour of the enthusiasm and innovation generated during the conference. This special issue is particularly timely as it also highlights and documents a significant coming-of-age in PGIS practice. It presents examples of the use and application of both old as well as cutting-edge tools applied in new contexts as well as in innovative and fun ways. It also represents a metamorphosis from a scattering of disparate and unconnected projects, organisations and individuals that use these tools, to the creation of a networked and united community of practitioners. Structure of the special issue The articles in this special issue are divided into three broad groups: articles that focus on providing a case study relating to the application of a specific PGIS tool in a grassroots setting; articles that focus on the integration of multiple tools to address specific issues being faced by a community; and articles that are more theoretical, and associated with issues including ethical considerations, potential pitfalls and other lessons learnt from experiences gained through long-term application of PGIS tools. Tool-based case studies As the practices associated with PGIS innovate and evolve, it is interesting to see examples of how specific tools are being modified and employed to address the issues faced by local communities and to understand whether they are being useful and/or successful in helping to achieve their objectives. Jon Corbett and Peter Keller introduce a participatory Photo: Johan Minnie 16

5 Overview: Mapping for Change the emergence of a new practice 1 Jon Corbett and Rahab Njoroge outside the KCCT. Participants deep in discussion during a working group session. Photo: Jeroen Verplanke Photo: Johan Minnie map-based multimedia information system. This became known by participants in the communities as a Community Information System (CIS). In their approach, traditional knowledge is documented by community members using digital video, audio-recording, digital photos and written text, and stored on computers. It is managed and communicated through the interface of an interactive map. The authors showcase the CIS using a case study from Indonesia. Giacomo Rambaldi, Silika Tuivanuavou, Penina Namata, Paulo Vanualailai, Sukulu Rupeni, and Etika Rupeni compare the use of Participatory 3D Modelling (P3DM) and participatory orthophoto mapping in Fiji. They explain how P3DM was effective in supporting collaborative resource planning and the documentation of cultural heritage. As the authors demonstrate, P3DM has proved to be a user-friendly medium for generating, analysing and communicating local knowledge. Next, Peter Kyem explores the role of PGIS in mediation and how the technology can be used to promote consensus building. Using the example of Kofiase in Southern Ghana, he identifies how PGIS applications helped conflicting stakeholders find a pathway to compromise and overcome their disagreements. Issue-based case studies PGIS practice often evolves to address specific issues being faced by a community. This means that multiple tools might be used together, or in sequence to deal with those issues. Craig Candler, Rachel Olson, Steven DeRoy, and Kieran Broderick document the history of PGIS practice in the Treaty 8 area of British Columbia, Canada. The authors describe the range of different practices from community mapping through to PGIS development and application, and methodologies used. The authors identify the Treaty 8 area as a critical site for learning about sustained, as well as sustainable, practice. Tsion Lemma, Richard Sliuzas and Monika Kuffer present an example from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PGIS practice was used in multi-stakeholder decision-making relating to improving slum monitoring mechanisms. Their approach incorporates locally relevant and spatially detailed information gathered through focus group discussions, field observation with community members, and visual image interpretation using satellite images and aerial photographs. Sylvia Jardinet s paper tells us about Communitarian Cartography. She presents an example of a use for PGIS and GPS that is oriented towards the prevention and resolution of conflicts related to land and natural resource access and use. The cooperative of Gaspar Garcia Laviana in Telpaneca, Nicaragua, has produced a geo-referenced map of their community. A public file of their properties is available and can be consulted by any member of the cooperative. The inhabitants of Moikarakô, Pascale de Robert, Jean- François Faure and Anne-Elisabeth Laques share their experience related to supporting the Kayapó peoples in Brazil in making maps of their traditional land use management areas. These maps are made from satellite imagery and ground truthed using GPS. They describe how the Kayapo took the process into their own hands and redirected it, to produce and use maps as political tools to highlight the territorial and social unity that the Kayapó Peoples wish to emphasise. Julie Taylor and Carol Murphy, Simon Mayes, Elvis Mwilima, Nathaniel Nuulimba and Sandra Slater-Jones share their experiences, including the opportunities and threats, of mapping the San territories in the Caprivi Region of Namibia. They note the potential of PGIS practice to expose and address the complex and politicised issues of identity, rights and land. They further identify how these maps can have multiple 17

6 1Corbett, Rambaldi, Kyem, Weiner, Olson, Muchemi, McCall and Chambers applications, including the strengthening of local rights and capacity to manage an environmentally important conservation area. Peter Minang and Mike McCall examine how PGIS facilitates the use of local/indigenous knowledge in community forestry planning for carbon sequestration. Accessing payments for environmental services such as carbon mitigation requires extensive and expensive technical information for baselines and monitoring, which local communities often lack. Community spatial knowledge can be a vital source of information, but the local knowledge representations need to be translated into a format appropriate for accessing Kyoto Protocol and other carbon funds. The authors explore the extent to which PGIS can enhance the use of local and indigenous knowledge in the carbon certification processes. Theory and reflections from practice It is too easy when sharing experiences relating to PGIS practice to focus on success stories, and for practitioners to be hesitant in engaging in critical reflection relating to their own work. This final grouping of articles addresses some important but little discussed issues relating to perennial problems with the practice. These issues include potential pitfalls that projects might face, the concerns surrounding precision, and the ethics of the practice. Mac Chapin shares a wealth of practical experience relating to problems that often arise in community mapping projects and how to avoid them. In particular he cautions the reader to invest time in the planning of projects, and notes the important role of project leaders in guiding the work to a successful outcome. Peter Poole describes two strategies for organising tenure mapping projects: partial participation where the community learns to gather traditional knowledge using interviews and sketch mapping, but where all computerised aspects of map-making are outsourced versus complete participation, where community members are trained in all aspects of map making. He illustrates his article using a number of case studies from around the world, before going on to raise important questions over the sustainability of such projects. Jefferson Fox, Krisnawati Suryanata, Peter Hershock and Albertus Hadi Pramono raise a number of important ethical issues related to the adoption of PGIS technologies in Asia. Despite a number of successes they note that the adoption of these tools does not always have a positive desired effect. The authors lay out a number of potential pitfalls. They urge Conference organiser Giacomo Rambaldi addresses participants at the Mapping for Change conference practitioners to develop critical clarity with respect to mapping, based on a comprehensive understanding of both intended and likely unintended consequences of certain actions. Mike McCall raises important questions about the issues of certainty and precision within the practice of PGIS. The terms have become of great significance in the realm of more technical GIS application, yet Mike asks whether it is misleading to misrepresent fuzzy, ambiguous reality as precise or accurate especially when PGIS represent data acquired using participatory methodologies, that represent local interpretations of certainty, reliability, and relevance. No papers at the conference specifically addressed ethics in PGIS practice. But ethics emerged as one of the main crosscutting concerns of the conference participants throughout. Issues raised included the costs of wasting people s time, of raising expectations that are not met, of endangering people through the information they show, of the practice being used to extract information and/or put it in the public domain which outsiders would then exploit, as well as of the practice actually creating conflicts and demanding precision where fuzziness might be more appropriate. Participants recognised the need to formulate commonly recognised practical ethics that would help guide the community of practitioners. Giacomo Rambaldi, Robert Chambers, Mike McCall and Jefferson Fox s paper attempts to compile a number of the ethical issues raised, both during the conference and also from further discussion among practitioners and researchers via different channels. Finally, in the In Touch section, Susanne Schnuttgen and Nigel Crawhall report on a new UNESCO initiative related to Cultural Mapping. They highlight some of the lessons learnt among Indigenous and First Nations Peoples in Canada, New Zealand, the Philippines and Southern Africa as presented at a recent meeting held in Cuba (New Perspectives on Cultural Diversity: The Role of Communities 7th 10th February 2006). Experiences and ethical concerns that emerged from the Mapping for Change Conference were discussed and contributed to the formulation of UNESCO s declaration on Cultural Mapping. Photo: Johan Minnie Conclusion This special issue helps to build recognition of a growing community of PGIS practice in developing countries. It also contains a wealth of practical, hands-on advice from some of the most experienced members of this maturing discipline. 18

7 Overview: Mapping for Change the emergence of a new practice 1 Photo: Johan Minnie Rachel Olson presents her paper during a main plenary session This issue not only presents success stories, it also raises issues of where and why projects might fail, and provides advice on how to avoid potential pitfalls. It provides sage advice on the need to focus on developing trust both by giving the process the time that it requires to build this trust, as well as by paying attention to the importance of transparency in all interaction. We feel that this special issue should be of great use to practitioners, including local and Indigenous communities, as well as other organisations and individuals wanting to practice PGIS. It is also relevant to students and researchers working in academic fields associated with the practice. The Mapping for Change conference was a wonderful opportunity to bring people together to share experiences and ideas, as well as to solidify and encourage a wider international network of communities, practitioners and researchers alike. The Guest Editors of this special issue hope that the conference as well as this compilation of articles that have resulted from the event will also help to bring recognition to a growing community of practice. CONTACT DETAILS Jon Corbett, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 3050, Victoria, BC, CANADA, V8W 3P5. Fax: Giacomo Rambaldi, Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development (CTA), Wageningen, THE NETHERLANDS, Peter A Kyem, Associate Professor of Geography at Central Connecticut State University, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050, USA. Rachel Olson, Independent Researcher, nd Avenue, Fort St. John, BC, V1J 6X2, CANADA. Dan Wiener, Director of International Programs, Professor of Geography, West Virginia University, G-15 White Hall, P.O. Box 6214, Morgantown, WV , USA. Fax: Julius Muchemi, Environmental Research Mapping and Information Systems in Africa (ERMIS), PO Box Nakuru, Gate House 3rd Floor, Rm 308, Mburu Gichua Road, Nairobi, KENYA. Michael K. McCall, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), P O Box 6, 7500 AA, Enschede, THE NETHERLANDS. Robert Chambers, Institute for Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RE, UNITED KINGDOM. REFERENCES Corbett J. M. and C. P. Keller (2005). An analytical framework to examine empowerment associated with participatory geographic information systems (PGIS). Cartographica 40/ Rambaldi, G., Kwaku Kyem, A.P., Mbile, P., McCall, M., and Weiner, D. (2005). Participatory Spatial Information Management and Communication in Developing Countries. Paper presented at the Mapping for Change International Conference (PGIS 05), Nairobi, Kenya, 7th 10th September 2005 Misztal, B. (1996) Trust in Modern Societies. Cambridge: Polity Press Muller D. and Wode B. (2003). Methodology for Village Mapping Using Photomaps. Social Forestry Development Project (SFDP) Song Da, Vietnam 19

Land and natural resource mapping by San communities and NGOs: experiences from Namibia by JULIE TAYLOR AND CAROL MURPHY WITH SIMON MAYES, ELVIS MWILIMA, NATHANIEL NUULIMBA AND SANDRA SLATER-JONES Introduction

SESSION 8: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND MAP PROJECTIONS KEY CONCEPTS: In this session we will look at: Geographic information systems and Map projections. Content that needs to be covered for examination

Ground Truthing Policy Using Participatory Map-Making to Connect Citizens and Decision Makers Shalini P. Vajjhala Citizen participation has become an increasingly important component of development planning

QUÉBEC DECLARATION ON ECOTOURISM In the framework of the UN International Year of Ecotourism, 2002, under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Tourism Organization

Good practices in participatory mapping A review prepared for the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Enabling poor rural people to overcome poverty The opinions expressed in this publication

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT BRITISH COLUMBIA A STRATEGY TO ADVANCE SUPPORT FOR LOCAL AUTHORITY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OCTOBER 14, 2015 1 MESSAGE FROM THE ASSISTANT DEPUTY MINISTER I am pleased to introduce

CALL FOR PROPOSALS PEOPLE s RIGHT TO WATER WHEN FACING EXTRACTIVE ACTIVITIES France Libertés Danielle Mitterrand Foundation is launching a call for proposals to support projects, led by non-profit organizations,

Summary Bachelor of Environment Credential and Concentrations (For review prior to SFU student focus group participation) November 2012 First of all, thank you for taking the time to review this Bachelor

7. LESSONS LEARNT FROM CBNRM PROGRAMMES IN THE REGION The CBNRM programmes described here: CAMPFIRE (Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources) in Zimbabwe and CBNRM in Namibia are more

APPLICATION OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING IN DISASTER PRONE AREAS: A CASE STUDY IN COASTAL KERALA DISASTER Disaster is an unpleasant event than occurs with little or no warning which results in economic disruption,

Country Ownership of Policy Reforms and Aid Effectiveness: The Challenge of Enhancing the Policy Space for Developing Countries in Aid Relationships Statement by Louis Kasekende, Chief Economist, African

PRINCIPLES FOR EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE PARIS, 1991 DAC Principles for Evaluation of Development Assistance Development Assistance Committee Abstract: The following

WHY SHOULD THE DRAFT LAW ON FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE REGULATIONS BE ADOPTED? POSITION OF THE TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES OF CAMEROON A Proposal ratified during the brainstorming workshop by Traditional Rulers

INTRODUCTION This Declaration, prepared within the framework of the Belgian Chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, is addressed to the Member States of the Council of Europe,

UNITED NATIONS WORKING PAPER GROUP OF EXPERTS NO. 13 ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Twenty-sixth session Vienna, 2-6 May 2011 Item 20 of the Provisional Agenda Other toponymic issues Digital data collection and

What are Community Psychologists? Community psychology is new to the UK, and it is likely that those who have studied community psychology will end up working in a number of different fields. This leaflet

Blair ARRB Group Ltd email: blair.turner@arrb.com.au Abstract Crash databases are an essential tool in analysing crash risk. Databases allow analysis of trends as well as the identification of high crash

Journal of Research and Didactics in Geography (J-READING), 1, 3, June, 2014, pp. 9-13 DOI: 10.4458/3253-02 Looking for an international strategy for geography education Joop van der Schee a a Co-chair

The African Leadership Centre: A new community of leaders driving peace, security and development Dadirai Chikwengo, Zimbabwe I was one of three African Security & Development Group (CSDG) at King s College

Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Primer for DRL Grantees I. What is a monitoring and evaluation plan? A monitoring and evaluation plan (M&E plan), sometimes also referred to as a performance monitoring or

1 WORKING DOCUMENT Draft Proposals for Tourism Management at World Heritage sites Proposed by The World Heritage Sustainable Tourism Initiative European Meeting for Improvement of Tourism and Visitor Management

How to Measure and Report Social Impact A Guide for investees The Social Investment Business Group January 2014 Table of contents Introduction: The Development, Uses and Principles of Social Impact Measurement

38 symposium May 13, 2009 designing for, with, and from user experience proceedings Froukje Sleeswijk Visser Delft University of Technology is the world s first contextmapping PhD. The day prior to this

Sustainability Accounting and Reporting: Research and Teaching Associate Professor Sumit Lodhia Centre for Accounting, Governance and Sustainability University of South Australia Business School Sumit.lodhia@unisa.edu.au

PARTNERS FOR CHANGE GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL SOCIETY SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PARTNERS FOR CHANGE GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL SOCIETY PARTNERS FOR CHANGE The British Council is committed to building engagement and trust

Part Two Part Two: the indicator development process the indicator development process Part Two: the indicator development process Key elements of the indicator development process Define strategic directions

INSPIRE AND GROW YOUR BUSINESS IN THE 21 ST CENTURY BUSINESS CHARTER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ICC CHARTER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3 INSPIRE AND GROW YOUR BUSINESS IN THE 21 ST CENTURY BUSINESS CHARTER

Social impact assessment Guideline to preparing a social impact management plan September 2010 Looking forward. Delivering now. The Department of Infrastructure and Planning leads a coordinated Queensland

OCCUPATIONAL GROUP: Information Technology CLASS FAMILY: Geographic Information Systems CLASS FAMILY DESCRIPTION: This family of positions is a blend which includes those at a Computer Technology level

opinion piece Meeting the Challenges of Supplier Relations in a Multisourcing Environment New approaches and skills are required to effectively manage the increased volume and complexity of relationships

Organizational development of trade unions An instrument for self diagnosis Elaborated on the basis of an experience in Latin America FNV Mondiaal 2007 INDICE INTRODUCTION I. Concepts 1. What is organizational

6. DOS AND DON TS IN MONITORING AND EVALUATION TIM UNWIN AND BOB DAY Executive Summary This concluding chapter provides a checklist of recommendations relating to the practical monitoring and evaluation

Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plan Cap-Net International Network for Capacity Building in Sustainable Water Management November 2009 The purpose of this document is to improve learning from the Cap-Net

Preparing a Green Wedge Management Plan Planning Practice Note 31 JUNE 2015 This practice note provides a guide for the preparation of Green Wedge Management Plans and sets out the general requirements

Hong Kong Declaration on Sustainable Development for Cities 1. We, the representatives of national and local governments, community groups, the scientific community, professional institutions, business,

Health Data Governance: Privacy, Monitoring and Research - Policy Brief October 2015 www.oecd.org/health Highlights All countries can improve their health information systems and make better use of data

BA (Hons) Accounting and Finance module descriptions Below are the module descriptions for all modules currently taught on our BA (Hons) Accounting and Finance course. Year One Core Modules Economics for

BROKERAGES AND NETWORKS: AN APPROACH TO MAKING GEOINFORMATION MORE AVAILABLE IN AFRICA Craig Schwabe Director: GIS Centre Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Sives Govender, Gina Weir-Smith and Jacob

NGO Policy Briefing Paper No.4, April 2001 For the NGO Sector Analysis Programme NGOS AND PARTNERSHIP This Policy Briefing Paper presents the findings from the first phase of INTRAC s research Promoting

Children s participation: Mekong Youth Forum and COMMIT Briefing paper Introduction Human trafficking is one of the most serious problems affecting children and young people in the Greater Mekong Sub-region

A guide to evaluating Council Services using quality indicators Securing the future... l Improving services l Enhancing quality of life l Making the best use of public resources Foreword Perth & Kinross

The Leadership Framework Self assessment tool Leadership in the health and care services is about delivering high quality services to patients by: demonstrating personal qualities working with others managing

SUMMARY OF NATIONAL VOLUNTARY REVIEW PROCESS INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA The Government of the Independent State of Samoa strongly supports the launch of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Sundsvall Statement on Supportive Environments for Health Third International Conference on Health Promotion, Sundsvall, Sweden, 9-15 June 1991 The Third International Conference on Health Promotion: Supportive

BUSINESS CHARTER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Pre Principles to guide business action to support sustainable development Prepared by the ICC Commission on Environment and Energy Task Force on Green Economy

University of Cambridge: Programme Specifications Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this programme specification. Programme specifications are produced and then reviewed

6. A framework to plan monitoring and evaluation Key ideas Monitoring and evaluation should be an integral part of (and therefore affect) all stages of the project cycle. As mentioned earlier, you need

Monitoring and Evaluation of Sports in Development (SiD) Interventions presented by: Pamela K. Mbabazi, Ph.D. Faculty of Development Studies, Department of Development Studies Mbarara University of Science