The Reserve Bank said Monday that $360 million in export proceeds were being kept offshore, worsening acute cash shortages in the nation's "prevailing liquidity crunch."

It said companies not repatriating their foreign cash within 90 days of earning it will be red flagged in "investigations to bring the culprits to book."

In the past, breaches of exchange control rules generally carried a penalty of heavy fines.

The central bank acknowledged that the collapse of many long established industries led in 2012 to an over reliance on imported goods. Zimbabwe spent $7.4 billion on imports last year but earned only $3.8 billion from all of its exports, the bank said.