Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and it is when one molecule of glucose is converted to 2 units of pyruvate. There are two stages in Glycolysis called the ‘Preparatory Phase’, where 2 ATP is consumed, and ‘Pay Off Phase’ where 4 ATP units are produced – net gain of 2 ATP. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix where Acetyl-CoA is generated from the pyruvate, this molecule helps form citrate in the Citric Acid Cycle. Oxygen presence becomes integral in Oxidative Phosphorylation, this is where products from the Krebs cycle, namely NADH and FADH2 are reduced to produce electrons that are fed into the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). The electrons move downhill, by using the electrochemical proton gradient. In total, 38 ATP are produced.

Aerobic metabolism is approximately 15 times more efficient than anaerobic respiration - due to the fact anaerobic respiration takes part in fermentation after glycolysis.

What is forced vital capacity and how does it relate to lung volumes
What does the table indicate about vital capacity and subjects age, sex, height, smoker, asthmatic or athlete, do the findings support previous studies.
What is peak expiratory flow and what is the effects of sitting, standing and lying on this measuremen

1. The energies of glycolysis shows that there is a large drop in free energy upon oxidation of glycerladehydes 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. In the presence of oxygen, some of this energy is ultimately converted into ATP production. However, no such conversion happens under anaerobic conditions. Explain why?
2. Ho