Cite makes it possible to add footnotes to a page.
See Extension:Cite for detailed description.

Contents

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Two HTML-style tags are used to define and show footnotes: <ref>, <references />

<ref>

Single use footnotes are defined by enclosing content within <ref>...</ref>, e.g.:

<ref>مواد</ref>

A footnote used multiple times may be defined with a name:

<ref name="foo">مواد</ref>

To invoke a named footnote:

<ref name="foo" />

Footnotes may be defined in groups:

<ref group="foo">مواد</ref>

Names and groups may not be a numeric integer.
The quotes are optional unless the name includes a space, punctuation or other mark.
It is recommended that names be kept simple and restricted to the ASCII character set.

<references />

To display the reference list, after some or all of the <ref>...</ref> tags, include:

<references />

You can use <references /> multiple times on a page, e.g. to generate a reference list beneath a table.

To display footnotes defined in a group, include:

<references group="foo" />

The reference list can display automatically split over multiple columns, if there's enough width and there are enough references.
On narrow screens, readers will see one or maybe two columns, whereas on wider screens they will get two or more.
On wikis with the default configuration, this will happen on every page; on others, you need to activate it.
To force it off for a particular use, include:

<references responsive="0" />

To force it on, instead include:

<references responsive />

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If the <ref> or <references /> tags are used incorrectly, the Cite extension will add an error message to the page.
These messages will usually be in bold red text.
This section lists the error messages and explains how to fix the problems.

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Messages in the body of the article

Invalid <ref> tag;

refs with no name must have content

There is no content between the <ref>...</ref> tags.

Either put content between the <ref> tags (<ref>content</ref>), or (if you're reusing a named reference that's been defined elsewhere in the article) use a single tag <ref name="ref_name" />.

The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name

A named reference has a malformed name.

This is produced by a construct like <ref />, which makes no sense. As above, either create a full reference (<ref>content</ref>) or give the tag a name (<ref name="ref_name" />).

Invalid <ref> tag;

invalid names, e.g. too many

A <ref> tag has too many parameters

You can only specify two parameters, name= and group=. You can't, for instance, format a reference with <ref style="color:red;">content</ref>, or give it an id.

Invalid <ref> tag;

name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title

The name of the reference is a pure number. To avoid naming conflicts (as unnamed references are automatically assigned numbers as names) this is not allowed.

Rename the reference to contain at least one letter (e.g. <ref name="foo" /> instead of <ref name="123" />). It's good practice to give references meaningful names anyway. Make sure that when changing the name you update all the tags that refer to that reference!

Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

A reference is missing the closing </ref>.

Make sure that you are either using a closed pair of tags (<ref>content</ref>), or one single tag with a forward slash at the end to mark it as a single tag (<ref />)

Messages at the end of the article

Invalid <ref> tag;

no text was provided for refs named foo

A single ref tag named "foo" (<ref name="foo" />) was invoked, but there is no full reference named "foo" (<ref name="foo">content</ref>) from which to get the reference text.

You may have misspelt the reference name, or used special characters that look the same but are actually different. For instance, <ref name="foo-bar">content</ref> and <ref name="foo–bar" /> are not the same: one contains a hyphen while the other uses an ndash. To avoid this sort of error, try to stick to the characters available on the standard keyboard. Alternatively, the full reference may have been removed from the article with other content. In this case the text of the reference will be available in the page history, and you can convert the single <ref /> tag into a full reference.

MediaWiki:Cite error references invalid input (removed)

The <references /> tag is malformed.

You need to ensure that the <references /> tag is properly formed.

Invalid parameter in <references> tag

Parameters such as style= or id= were passed to the <references /> tag.

MediaWiki:Cite error references invalid parameters group (removed)

The <references /> tag is malformed.

Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references /> tag was found

The <references /> tag was not included at the end of the article.

Add the <references /> tag at the bottom of the article, below the last set of |ref= tags.

The <ref> tag immediately before <references /> does not have a closing </ref>.

Invalid <ref> tag; name "$1" defined multiple times with different content

A named reference is defined multiple times with different content.

Change all but one of the defined names (including all the appearances of this name without text).

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MediaWiki:Cite error key str invalid (removed)

Internal software error.

These messages should never occur. If you see them in articles, please contact the MediaWiki developers, who may be able to resolve the situation. (These error messages have been removed.)

MediaWiki:Cite error stack invalid input (removed)

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Internal messages are generated by the Cite.php extension and shown as a MediaWiki message.
See the Parser hooks section of Special:Version for the installed version of Cite.php.
These messages are in the MediaWiki namespace and can be modified only by admins.