Charter Establishing the Dutch West India Company
(1621)--Director-General Minuet's Council--Duties of the Schout-Fiscal--First
Trace of a Penal or Police system (1623)--the island Assuming an Aspect
of Permanent Settlement (1639)-- a Reason why Justice was Administered
with Great Promptness--Erection of a Stadt Huys (1642)--Regulations for
the Better Observance of the Sabbath--Establishment of a Burgher Guard
(1643)--New Regulations Contemporaneous with the Arrival of Governor
Stuyvesant--A Career of Reform--Ordinance Regulating the Sale of
Liquor--Appointment of a Rattle Watch (1651)--The City Incorporated
(1652)--the Police of the City Chiefly Centered ina Schout--Regulations
of the Burgher Watch--Dirk Van Schillwyne, First High constable
(16550--Organization of a Paid Rattle-Watch (1658)--Instruction for the
Burgher Provost--Records of Court Cases--Capture of the Province by the
British.

CHAPTER II--1664-1783--PERIOD OF BRITISH OCCUPANCY.

Obe Hendrick, First Constable under the English--Lighting the City by
Night (1668)--Watchmen ordered to provide themselves with "a
Lantern and a Stick of Firewood"--A Strict Police established
throughout the City--Orders to be observed by the Constables' Watch,
etc.--Rules governing the Watch--New Police Regulations (1684)--Dongan's
Charter (1686)--First uniformed Policeman--Appointment of a Civil
Watch--New City Hall, Wall Street--Modes of Punishment Inflicted on
Criminals--Montgomeries Charter (1730)--"Insurrection and the Plot
of Slaves"--Quakers exempt from serving on the Watch--Petitioning
against a Military Watch--The Old jail--Bridewell--Occupation of the
city by the British--Evacuation.

CHAPTER III--1783--1830--THE CITY OUTGROWING THE
SYSTEM OF WATCHING

The City Divided into Seven Wards--New York described as "A
Strange Mosaic of Different nations."--The Force and the Pay of the
Men Increased--progress of the Police system very marked--Establishing a
Police Office in the City Hall--Places of Confinement: State Prison,
Penitentiary, Bridewell and Jail--the Watch doubled on account of the
increase of Crime--Example of "A Good Arrest"--An Act
Establishing Courts of Justices of the Peace and Assistant Justices--A
law for better regulating of the City Watch--Petition for an Increase of
Pay--A perfect Police of extreme Importance--Watchmen declared not
eligible to act as Firemen--The Humane Society--Result of the Watch
Committee's Investigation.

CHAPTER IV--1831--1844-PROGRESS AND REPEAL OF THE
OLD WATCH SYSTEM

Watchmen Dissatisfied with their Pay--The Duty of Captains at the
Breaking out of Fire--Inquiring into the Expediency of Re-organizing the
police Department--Increasing the Number of Police Justices--"The
Year of Riots."--Erection of New Watch-houses--The five
Points--Necessity of an Increase in the Number of the Watch--First
Attempts at Forming a Detective Squad--The Flour Riots--RE-organization
of the Watch--Powers of the Mayor over the Watch Revoked and Transferred
to the Common Council--The Mayor Re-invested with Supreme Police
Authority--Mayor Morris' plan of Forming the Marshal into a Day
Police--Report of the Special Committee in Relation to the
Re-organization of the Watch--Battery Park in Former times--High
Constable Hays--his Remarkable Career--How he Suppressed Crime and
Scourged Criminals.

CHAPTER V--1844--1853--ORGANIZATION OF A MUNICIPAL
POLICE

A turning Point in the System of Policing the City--The Old Watch
Department Abolished--Establishment of a Day and Night Police--Chief
Matsell--A Man Who Played an Important Part in Police Affairs--Harper's
Police--First Effort to Introduce a Uniform--The New Stem Not
Satisfactory--Changes in the Law--Astor Place Riot--Battery
Park--Growing boldness of Criminals--Citizens Alarmed--the Whole Force
Directed to Patrol Day and Might--Detailment of policemen a Growing
Evil--Measures taken to Suppress it--Tables of Arrests.

CHAPTER VI.--1853-1857--APPOINTMENT OF A BOARD OF
POLICE COMMISSIONERS

Ex-Superintendent Walling--His Long and Honorable Connection with the
Department--Charter of 1853--Re-Organizing the Police Force--Tenure of
Office to Remain during Good Behavior--The Recorder- City Judge and
Mayor Appointed as a Commission--A Reserve Corps Established--An
Improvement in the Efficiency of the Force--Introduction of a Police
Uniform--Hostility thereto--The "Star" Police--Efforts made to
Induce the Men to Wear the Uniform--Judgment Speedily Rendered in Trail
Cases--Beneficial Effects--Appointment of a Drill Sergeant--Salaries
Increased--Tables of Arrests--Sanitary Matters.

CHAPTER VII--1857--1863--THE METROPOLITAN POLICE
DISTRICT

The Law Designating the Mayor, Recorder, and City Judge, Police
Commissions, Repealed--Appointment of Five Commissioners--The Counties
of New York, King, Westchester, and Richmond made to Comprise the New
District--Opposition to the Change--A Year of Riots and Financial
Failures--The Metropolitan Police District Act Declared to be
Constitutional--The Municipal Police and the metropolitan Police Arrayed
in Open Battle--Intervention of the Military--The Act Amended by making
the District to Consist of the Counties of New York, Kings, Westchester,
and Richmond, and the Towns of Newtown, Flushing and Jamaica--The Number
of Commissioners Reduced to Three.

CHAPTER VIII--JULY 1863--SKETCH OF THE DRAFT RIOTS

The City in the Hands of a Frenzied Mob--An Emergency in which the
Police Covered Themselves with Glory--Popular Discontent Growing out of
a latent Sympathy with the Southern Cause--The Method Adopted for the
Enforcement of the Draft not the Most Judicious One--Superintendent
Kennedy's Arrangements in Anticipation of Trouble--Growing Desperation
of the Mob--Firing of the Buildings in Which Provost marshal had His
Office--Superintendent Kennedy Attacked and Brutally Beaten--His
Miraculous Escape from Death--Commissioner Acton Assumes Command of the
Force--his Energy and Promptitude more than a Match for the Mob, who
Fight Furiously--The Rioters Beat Back the Police, but are in turn
overcome and Routed--Clubs versus Stones, Bricks and Bullets--"By
the Right Flank, Company Front, Double Quick, Charge!"--Mob
Desperation and Police Heroism--"Up Guards, and at 'em!"--Action
of the Military--End of the First Day's Fighting.

CHAPTER IX--JULY 1863--SUPPRESSION OF THE DRAFT
RIOTS

The City Saved from Pillage and Arson--A Defiant and Unterrified
Mob--Negroes hanged from Lamp-posts and Their Bodies Burned--Station
Houses and Private Dwellings Fired and Sacked--Stones, Bricks, and other
Missiles Showered on the Heads of Policemen from the Housetops--Police
Retaliation--Arrival of the Military--Col. O'Brien's Frightful
Death--The Battle on Second Avenue and Twenty-first Street--The Mob
Taught some Severe Lessons--Erecting Barricades--Fired upon by the
Troops--The Police Ply Their Clubs on the Heads of Rioters with
Unbounded Liberality--Children from the Colored Orphan Asylum Protected
by the Police--Hard Hand-to-Hand Fighting--Backbone of the Riot
Broken--A Reign of Mob law Averted--Valuable Services performed by the
Detective Force and Telegraph Bureau--Suppression of the Riot--The Board
of Police issue a Congratulatory Address to the Force--Governor Seymour
bears Willing and Appreciative Testimony to the Gallant Services
Performed by the Police--Arraignment and Conviction of Rioters.

CHAPTER X--1864--1866-THE METROPOLITAN POLICE
DISTRICT

Organizers of Police Victory--Acton, Bergen, Hawley, Carpenter,
Leonard, etc.--The Law of 1864--Establishment of the House of
Detention--Boundaries of the Metropolitan Police District--Division
Commands--Uniform of the Metropolitan Police--Appropriations for the
Building and Repairing of Station Houses--A marked Tendency to Crimes of
Violence towards the person--List of Policemen who were Killed or
Wounded at the Hands of Desperate Ruffians--President Acton Favors the
Passage of a Law rendering it a Crime to Carry Concealed Weapons--Lost
Time--Tables of Arrests--An Act to Regulate and Increase Police
Salaries--The Jurisdiction of the Board extended over the Rural
Districts of Yonkers, West Farms, and Richmond County--An Act to
Regulate the Sale of Intoxicating Liquors--Increased Duties of the
Police Board.

CHAPTER XI--1866--1870--AN ERA OF ORGANIZATION AND
DEVELOPMENT

New Station Houses Erected and Old Ones Renovated--Improvement in the
Discipline and Efficiency of the Force--Establishment of a Central
Police Office in New York--Death of John C. Bergen--Appointment of a
Metropolitan Fire Marshal and Assistant--House of Detention for
Witnesses--Table of arrests for a Series of Years--Time Lost by
Sickness-Re-organization of the Board of Metropolitan
Police--Resignation of Commissioner Acton--Average Length of
Posts--Amounts Paid for Sick Time--Value of Lost or Stolen property
Recovered--The Sanitary Company--Lost Children --Buildings Found Open
and Secured--Tables of Arrests--Salaries--location of Station Houses--An
Era of organization and Development--"The Tweed
Charter"--Death of Superintendent Jourdan.

CHAPTER XII--1871--1876-CLUBS MORE TRUSTWORTHY THAN
LEADEN BALLS

Orange Riots--Police and Military Called Out--The Streets of New York
Again the Scene of Riots and Bloodshed--The Militia, unauthorized, Fire
Upon the Mob--Eleven Killed and Thirty Wounded--Cleaning of Streets
Charged to the Board of Police--Completion of the Building of the House
of Detention--Tables of Arrests--Time Lost to the Department by Reason
of Sickness--property Clerk's Returns--presentation of the Flag of
Honor--An Act to Re-organize the Local Government of New York--the Board
of Police to Consist of Five Members--A Revised Manual issued to the
Force--Duties of the Several heads of the Department and of the Force
Generally--Regulation Uniforms--Qualifications for Appointment as a
Patrolman--Measures of Economy Introduced--Board of Surgeons--Police
Salaries--The Board Made to Consist of Four Members--Changes in the
Board.

CHAPTER XIII--1875--1880-"New York SAYS,
STOP!"

New York Fast Becoming a Law Abiding City--Proceedings and Report of
the Select Legislative Committee on the Causes and Increase of
Crime--Government of the Police Force--Demoralization and
Inefficiency--All the Blame for these Evils not Attributed to the
Police--Convictions hard to Gain--Legal Loop-holes of Retreat for
Criminals--Lottery and Policy--The Detective Police Not Properly
Remunerated for their Services--Salary and Duties of patrolmen, etc--The
Board of Police Commissioners--Evil Effects of Political Intermeddling
with the Force--Too Few Policemen--The Great Railroad Strikes--Scenes of
Riot and Bloodshed--The Tompkins Square Meeting--"New York Says
Stop!"--New Rules for the Guidance of the Force.

CHAPTER XIV--1880--1885--PROVISIONS OF THE
CONSOLIDATION ACT

Central Office Bureau of Detectives--Government and Discipline of the
Police Department--Powers Invested in the Board of Police--Bureau of
Elections--Board of Health--Police Surgeons--Special Patrolmen--Police
Life Insurance Fund--Power of the Police Force--Pawnbrokers--The
Sanitary Company--Duties of Captains and Sergeants; of Physicians--The
Telegraph System--An Act Amendatory of the Consolidation Act--Roosevelt
Committee--Lottery and Policy.

Its Origin, Progress and Development--Detectives called
"Shadows" in Chief Matsell's time--Inspector Thomas Byrnes--A
Record that Reads like a Romance--His Re-Organization of the Detective
Force--The Wall Street Bureau--Detective Sergeants--Inspector Byrnes'
Methods--How Detectives Detect Criminals--Inspector Byrnes and "The
Crook"--Their Chance Meeting in the Street--How Inspector Byrnes
Reasons out a Case--Decrease of Crime among Professional
Criminals--Criminals and Their Methods--New York a Difficult City to
Protect against Thieves--Forgers, Pickpockets, Sneak Thieves, Bank
Thieves, Bunco Steerers, Etc.

CHAPTER XIX--INSPECTOR BYRNES' COMMAND

The Men Who Protect the City from the Depredations of Knaves of High
and Low Degree--Forty Quick-witted, Wide-awake Detectives--Their History
and Record of Arrests--How They make the City a Safe Abiding-Place for
Honest people--Interesting Tales of Some Celebrated Cases--The romance
and Reality of Crime--Truth Stranger than Fiction--A Devoted Band of
Police Officers--Their Struggle and Triumphs--The Men Who make It
Possible for inspector Byres to Retain his Well-earned Laurels.

A Terror to the Wicked and Depraved., a Protector to the Upright and
Virtuous--His Responsibilities and Labors--Necessary Qualifications:
Youth, Strength, Intelligence, and a Stainless Reputation--The School of
Instruction--Doing Patrol Duty--The Laws he has to Study and
Enforce--Ex-Commissioner Erhardt's Exposition of a Policemen's Life--A
Keen, Wiry, Clean-cut Set--Always on Post--An Eye that Knows no
Sleep--Dangers to which Policemen are Exposed--Sprains, contusions,
Incised Wounds, Fractured Limbs, Rheumatism, Pneumonia, etc--Sergeant
John Delaney, a Type of a Brave Policeman.

CHAPTER XXII--SKETCH OF THE POLICE PENSION FUND

Created by Act of 1857--the Fund made up of the Sales of Unclaimed
Property--Police Life and Health Insurance Fund--Beneficiaries of the
Act--Metropolitan Reward Fund--Police Life Insurance Fund--The Police
Commissioners, a Board of Trustees--The Treasurer of the Board of
Commissioners--Treasurer of the Board of Trustees--Receipts and
Disbursements--The Late Commission Nichols--Commission McClave--Bookkeeper
George P. Gott--Paying Pensioners--Financial Statement of the Police
Pension Fund.

CHAPTER XXIII--THE WAY OF THE TRANSGRESSOR

Our Police Courts--Arraignment of Prisoners and How Their Cases are
Disposed Of--The Police Justices: Efficient, and Discriminating--Courts
of Special Sessions, General Sessions, Oyer and Terminer, etc--District
Attorney Martine and his Deputies--Fines Received from Police
Courts--Number of Prisoners Arrested, Arraigned, and Convicted--The
Ambulance System--Evils of Intemperance--A New Criminal Agency--The
Opium Habit--"Hitting the Pipe"--Uses and Abuses of Opium--An
Opium Smoker's Outfit--Vice Fostered by the Herding Together in Crowded
Tenements--Some Gaudy Resorts--Criminals and Their Haunts.