Texture

Polyphony is where more than one melody is played at the same time (up to several different parts together)

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Homophonic

Homophony is when you get a melody with chords that all move at the same time

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Heterophonic

Heterophony is where there are two instruments playing one tune, one is playing a more elaborate version of the tune that the other

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Cotrapuntel/Counterpoint

Contrapuntel/counterpoint is where there is two parts playing - one fits with the melody a bit like a tune and a bass line

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Texture

Texture refers to the number of parts playing together. In a basic sense, you can have a thick texture with lots of parts playing together or a thin sparse texture with only a few parts playing together