http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-612Xhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-1512https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-2807ENVOENVO is an ontology which represents knowledge about environments,environmental processes, ecosystems, habitats, and related entities. It interoperates with other ontologies in the OBO Foundry and Library.
New terms or revisions can be requested at https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/
Please see www.environmentontology.org for more information and citations.Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/chemical_concentration.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 186 Logical Axioms: 30]Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 114 Logical Axioms: 19]Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 132 Logical Axioms: 23]Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_quality_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 40 Logical Axioms: 6]Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/process_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 21 Logical Axioms: 2]example of usagehas curation statusdefinitioneditor noteterm editoralternative termdefinition sourcecurator noteexpand assertion toterm replaced byEnvO-Lite-GSCpluralsA is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common.Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)non_overlapping_withENVOdisconnected_fromtruetruedisconnected_fromA is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common.SO:cjmDisposition slimenvironmental_hazardsPathology slimRelational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to existro-ecoScalar slimValue slimsubset_propertysynonym_type_propertyconsiderhas_alternative_idhas_broad_synonymdatabase_cross_referencehas_exact_synonymhas_narrow_synonymhas_obo_format_versionhas_obo_namespacehas_related_synonymhas_synonym_typein_subsetshorthandA duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water.x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of xDefinition modified from 'surrounded by'.partially_surrounded_byresults in transformation intoAfforestation results in the expansion of a forest.A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p.results in expansion ofTo be ceded to ROresults in proliferation ofA relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process.Consider ceding to ROcjm2018-11-03T20:58:13Zgeneratesobsolete determined bytrueobsolete determined by part oftrueconnectsregulates (processual)surrounded byhas habitat2013-05-08T07:33:05ZENVOhas_conditionExperimental relation used in EnvO. A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional.has_conditionenvoPolarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_featuremacroscopic spatial featureenvoPolarMay appear on a map.geographic featureA cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result.ENVOENVO:00000001bedding-plane caveA cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result.http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.htmlAn anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.FTT:78TGN:50001man-made featuremanmade featureanthropogenic geographic featureAn anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore.FTT:625FTT:631ENVOdumping groundmine dumptailingENVO:00000003mine tailingMine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailingsdumping groundUSGS:SDTSmine dumpADL:FTTtailingADL:FTTFTT:1242FTT:1252FTT:15FTT:16FTT:18FTT:19FTT:21FTT:22FTT:23FTT:24FTT:25FTT:26FTT:27FTT:28FTT:29FTT:37SWEETRealm:AdministrativeRegionTGN:80001TGN:81099TGN:81123https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_regionadministrative areaadministrative divisionadministrative entityboundary regioncivil areadistrictfree trade zonegoverned placeleased area (government)leased zone (government)neutral zone (political)prefectureprotectoratesheikdomsultanatetrade zoneadministrative regionadministrative areaADL:FTTadministrative divisionADL:FTTadministrative divisionGetty:TGNadministrative entityGetty:TGNboundary regionADL:FTTcivil areaADL:FTTdistrictADL:FTTfree trade zoneADL:FTTgoverned placeADL:FTTleased area (government)ADL:FTTleased zone (government)ADL:FTTneutral zone (political)ADL:FTTprefectureADL:FTTprotectorateADL:FTTsheikdomADL:FTTsultanateADL:FTTtrade zoneADL:FTTA primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States.FTT:414FTT:569Geonames:A.ADM1TGN:81100ENVOcountries, 1st order divisionfirst level subdivisionfirst-order administrative divisionENVO:00000005first-order administrative regionA primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States.Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.htmlcountries, 1st order divisionADL:FTTfirst level subdivisionGetty:TGNfirst-order administrative divisionGeonames:featureA subdivision of a first-order administrative division.FTT:286FTT:576Geonames:A.ADM2TGN:81300ENVOcountries, 2nd order divisionsecond level subdivisionsecond-order administrative divisionENVO:00000006second-order administrative regionA subdivision of a first-order administrative division.Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.htmlcountries, 2nd order divisionADL:FTTsecond level subdivisionGetty:TGNsecond-order administrative divisionGeonames:featureA subdivision of a second-order administrative division.FTT:204FTT:205FTT:578Geonames:A.ADM3TGN:82401ENVObarriocountries, 3rd order divisionthird level subdivisionthird-order administrative divisionENVO:00000007third-order administrative regionA subdivision of a second-order administrative division.Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.htmlbarrioADL:FTTcountries, 3rd order divisionADL:FTTthird level subdivisionGetty:TGNthird-order administrative divisionGeonames:featureA subdivision of a third-order administrative division.FTT:580FTT:581Geonames:A.ADM4TGN:82402ENVOcountries, 4th order divisionfourth level subdivisionfourth-order administrative divisionENVO:00000008fourth-order administrative regionA subdivision of a third-order administrative division.Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.htmlcountries, 4th order divisionADL:FTTfourth level subdivisionGetty:TGNfourth-order administrative divisionGeonames:featureA political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.FTT:424FTT:566FTT:567FTT:571SWEETRealm:CountrySWEETRealm:StateTGN:80006TGN:81010TGN:81011TGN:81102https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationnationindependent nationindependent political entityindependent sovereign nationENVOcountrypolitical entitystateENVO:00000009national geopolitical entityA political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StatenationADL:FTTindependent nationGetty:TGNindependent political entityGetty:TGNindependent sovereign nationGetty:TGNcountryADL:FTTpolitical entityADL:FTTA construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles.FTT:83transport featureA construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles.MA:maAn enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life.FTT:31FTT:743Geonames:S.GDNTGN:53010https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GardengardenENVOPARKcroplandparkENVO:00000011gardenAn enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life.Geonames:featuregardenGeonames:featurePARKUSGS:SDTScroplandUSGS:SDTSparkADL:FTTA geographical feature associated with water.FTT:131FTT:280FTT:711FTT:761FTT:824FTT:825FTT:826FTT:827FTT:828FTT:829Geonames:H.OVFfluvial featureenvoPolarhydrographic featureA geographical feature associated with water.MA:mafluvial featureADL:FTTA collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages.ENVOENVO:00000013cave systemA collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages.http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.htmlArtificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation.EcoLexicon:canalFTT:129FTT:395FTT:407FTT:408Geonames:H.CNLSWEETRealm:CanalTGN:51252https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CanalENVOENVO:00000014This class refers to the water contained in a canal channel, and not the channel itself.canalArtificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation.MA:maA marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere.LTER:695EcoLexicon:oceanFTT:1019FTT:943Geonames:H.OCNSWEETRealm:OceanTGN:21102https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OceanOceanoceanocean regionenvoMarineenvoPolaroceanLTER:695http://129.24.124.196/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=127&/coral-reefsOceanNASA:earthrealmoceanGeonames:featureocean regionADL:FTTA large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.EcoLexicon:seaFTT:233FTT:830Geonames:H.SEATGN:21103https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaSeaseachannelclosed seamarginal seaopen seaopen soundopen waterENVOENVO:00000016envoMarineenvoPolarseaA large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaSeaNASA:earthrealmseaADL:FTTseaGeonames:featureclosed seaUSGS:SDTSmarginal seaUSGS:SDTSopen seaUSGS:SDTSopen soundUSGS:SDTSopen waterUSGS:SDTSA geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L).ENVOENVO:00000017saline hydrographic featureA geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SalinityA river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water.falseENVOENVO:00000018obsolete dry rivertrueA river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water.MA:maA lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.FTT:221FTT:907Geonames:H.LKNGeonames:H.LKSNTGN:21116https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lakesalt lakesalinasoda lakesaline lakeA lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.MA:masalt lakeUSGS:SDTSsalinaUSGS:SDTSA body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass.LTER:278EcoLexicon:lakeFTT:221FTT:704FTT:909Geonames:H.LKGeonames:H.LKSSPIRE:Lake_or_pondSWEETRealm:LakeTGN:21114TGN:21115catch basinopen watertarnbroadllynlochlochanloughmeremortlakepasteuer lakeenvoPolarlakeA body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LakeLTER:278http://129.24.124.196/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=278&/lakescatch basinUSGS:SDTSopen waterUSGS:SDTStarnADL:FTTlochanADL:FTTmortlakeUSGS:SDTSpasteuer lakeUSGS:SDTSA lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts.SWEETRealm:FreshwaterLakeFreshwaterLakeenvoPolarfreshwater lakeA lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreshwaterFreshwaterLakeNASA:earthrealmA stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply.LTER:474EcoLexicon:riverFTT:1179FTT:251SPIRE:RiverSWEETRealm:RiverTGN:21105riobraided river"There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague."riverA stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply.ADL:FTThttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiverLTER:474http://129.24.124.196/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=474&/riversrioADL:FTTrioUSGS:SDTSbraided riverUSGS:SDTS"There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiverA watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface.LTER:562watercourseEcoLexicon:streamFTT:105FTT:1221FTT:1225FTT:1261FTT:303FTT:371FTT:593FTT:721Geonames:H.STMGeonames:H.STMSSWEETRealm:StreamTGN:21106TGN:21107TGN:21108TGN:21109https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StreamStreamstreamstreamsbraided streamfork (hydrographiclodemillstreamstream bendCreekbeckbrookburn (hydrographic)creekrivuletstreamA watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface.USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.htmlLTER:562http://129.24.124.196/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=562&/streamswatercourseADL:FTTwatercourseUSGS:SDTSStreamNASA:earthrealmstreamGeonames:featurestreamsGeonames:featurebraided streamUSGS:SDTSfork (hydrographicADL:FTTlodeUSGS:SDTSstream bendADL:FTTCreekNASA:earthrealmbeckUSGS:SDTSbrookADL:FTTbrookGetty:TGNburn (hydrographic)ADL:FTTcreekADL:FTTcreekGetty:TGNcreekUSGS:SDTSrivuletUSGS:SDTSA stream whose flow is not continuous.streamFTT:105FTT:882Geonames:H.STMIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_streamintermittent streamENVOENVO:00000024obsolete intermittent streamtrueA stream whose flow is not continuous.MA:mastreamADL:FTTintermittent streamGeonames:featureAn artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage.lakeEcoLexicon:reservoirFTT:587FTT:588FTT:882Geonames:H.RSVSWEETRealm:ReservoirTGN:51259https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoirreservoircovered reservoirENVOENVO:00000025reservoirAn artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage.MA:malakeUSGS:SDTSreservoirGeonames:featurecovered reservoirADL:FTTA cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface.EcoLexicon:wellFTT:1032FTT:1237FTT:833Geonames:H.WLLGeonames:H.WLLSSWEETRealm:WellTGN:51255https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WellENVOENVO:00000026wellA cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface.Geonames:featureA point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure.EcoLexicon:springFTT:982Geonames:H.SPNGSWEETRealm:SpringTGN:21126SPRINGSpringspringENVOseepENVO:00000027springA point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#ClassificationSPRINGUSGS:SDTSSpringNASA:earthrealmspringGeonames:featureseepUSGS:SDTSA quarry from which sand is extracted.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pitENVOsand pitENVO:00000028sand pit quarryA quarry from which sand is extracted.MA:maA flowing body of water.EcoLexicon:brookEcoLexicon:courseEcoLexicon:culvertEcoLexicon:gullyEcoLexicon:ravineEcoLexicon:spillwayEcoLexicon:waterwayFTT:105Geonames:H.NRWSGeonames:H.RCHGeonames:H.WTRCGeonames:S.SPLYTGN:21110TGN:21131TGN:21133TGN:21137TGN:21163TGN:21499https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourseculvertdredged channelforkgulchgullygutgutterkilllodenarrowsoverflow channelpassagepupraceravinereachrillrivuletrunrunnelseachannelseawayspillwaystreamtidewaywashwater gapawawabarrancabeckbranchbrookcoursedrawmoatnarrowsnarrows (hydrographic)watercourseA flowing body of water.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WatercourseculvertUSGS:SDTSdredged channelUSGS:SDTSforkUSGS:SDTSgulchUSGS:SDTSgullyUSGS:SDTSgutGetty:TGNgutUSGS:SDTSgutterUSGS:SDTSkillUSGS:SDTSlodeUSGS:SDTSnarrowsGeonames:featurenarrowsUSGS:SDTSoverflow channelUSGS:SDTSpassageGetty:TGNpassageUSGS:SDTSpupUSGS:SDTSraceUSGS:SDTSravineUSGS:SDTSreachGeonames:featurereachGetty:TGNreachUSGS:SDTSrillUSGS:SDTSrivuletUSGS:SDTSrunGetty:TGNrunUSGS:SDTSrunnelUSGS:SDTSseachannelUSGS:SDTSseawayUSGS:SDTSspillwayGeonames:featurespillwayUSGS:SDTSstreamADL:FTTtidewayUSGS:SDTSwashUSGS:SDTSwater gapUSGS:SDTSawawaUSGS:SDTSbarrancaUSGS:SDTSbeckUSGS:SDTSbranchUSGS:SDTSbrookUSGS:SDTScourseUSGS:SDTSdrawUSGS:SDTSmoatUSGS:SDTSnarrowsGetty:TGNnarrows (hydrographic)ADL:FTTA cave without streams or drips of water.dry caveENVOENVO:00000030dead caveA cave without streams or drips of water.http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.htmlA valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse.EcoLexicon:wadiFTT:157FTT:158FTT:159FTT:160FTT:161FTT:163FTT:164Geonames:H.WADGeonames:H.WADBGeonames:H.WADJGeonames:H.WADSSWEETRealm:ArroyoSWEETRealm:WashTGN:21167TGN:21423TGN:21424https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadiwadiswadi bendwadi junctionwadi moutharroyocouleegullynullahwashThe temporality of wadis is problematic in deciding whether they are watercourses or valleys.wadiA valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse.Geonames:featurewadisGeonames:featurewadi bendADL:FTTwadi bendGeonames:featurewadi junctionADL:FTTwadi mouthADL:FTTarroyoADL:FTTcouleeADL:FTTcouleeGetty:TGNgullyADL:FTTnullahUSGS:SDTSwashADL:FTTAn area of water bordered by land on three sides.EcoLexicon:bayFTT:190FTT:232FTT:235Geonames:H.BAYGeonames:H.BAYSGeonames:H.BGHTSWEETRealm:BayTGN:21121TGN:21123TGN:21127ENVObahiaembaymentfirthinletsea lochsea loughENVO:00000032bayAn area of water bordered by land on three sides.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BaybahiaADL:FTTinletUSGS:SDTSA body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake.LTER:975lakeEcoLexicon:pondFTT:221FTT:902FTT:904FTT:905Geonames:H.PNDGeonames:H.PNDSGeonames:H.POOLSPIRE:Lake_or_pondSWEETRealm:PondTGN:21104TGN:21119https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PondPondpool (water body)POOLmillpondpondpondspoolpool (water body)pondA body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake.MA:maLTER:975http://129.24.124.196/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=975&/pondslakeADL:FTTlakeUSGS:SDTSPondNASA:earthrealmpool (water body)ADL:FTTPOOLGetty:TGNmillpondADL:FTTmillpondUSGS:SDTSpondADL:FTTpondGeonames:featurepondsGeonames:featurepoolGeonames:featurepoolUSGS:SDTSpool (water body)USGS:SDTSAn area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops.EcoLexicon:rapidsFTT:212Geonames:H.RPDSSWEETRealm:TorrentTGN:21162https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RapidsRAPIDSrapidscataracttorrentrapidsAn area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops.USGS:SDTSRAPIDSUSGS:SDTSrapidsADL:FTTrapidsGeonames:featurecataractUSGS:SDTStorrentUSGS:SDTSA wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants).wetlandEcoLexicon:marshFTT:1118FTT:185FTT:945Geonames:H.MRSHLTER:326SPIRE:MarshSWEETRealm:MarshTGN:21322https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MarshMarshmarshquagmiremarshA wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MarshwetlandADL:FTTwetlandUSGS:SDTSMarshNASA:earthrealmmarshGeonames:featurequagmireADL:FTTquagmireUSGS:SDTSArtificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation.canalFTT:129FTT:405Geonames:H.CNLIirrigation canalENVOENVO:00000036irrigation canalArtificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation.MA:macanalGeonames:featureirrigation canalADL:FTTirrigation canalGeonames:featureA small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land.EcoLexicon:drainFTT:129FTT:400FTT:403Geomames:DTCHSWEETRealm:DrainTGN:51256https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DitchENVOENVO:00000037ditchA small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land.Geonames:featureA sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll.EcoLexicon:lagoonFTT:221FTT:898FTT:899Geonames:H.LGNGeonames:H.LGNSSWEETRealm:LagoonTGN:21125https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LagoonLAGOONLagoonlagoonlagoonslagunabarrier lagoonlagoonA sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll.USGS:SDTSLAGOONUSGS:SDTSLagoonNASA:earthrealmlagoonGeonames:featurelagoonsGeonames:featurelagunaADL:FTTlagunaUSGS:SDTSbarrier lagoonUSGS:SDTSA long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation.EcoLexicon:fiordFTT:231FTT:690FTT:704Geonames:H.FJDGeonames:H.FJDSSWEETRealm:FiordSWEETRealm:FjordTGN:21122https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FjordenvoPolarfjordA long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FjordA sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river.EcoLexicon:forceEcoLexicon:waterfallFTT:435FTT:436FTT:439FTT:680Geonames:H.FLLSTGN:21161TGN:21166https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaterfallWATERFALLforcelinnwaterfallscascadecataractfallfallsShould this be a hydroform?waterfallA sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river.USGS:SDTSWATERFALLUSGS:SDTSwaterfallsGeonames:featurecascadeADL:FTTcascadeUSGS:SDTScataractADL:FTTcataractGetty:TGNfallADL:FTTfallsUSGS:SDTSA tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide.streamFTT:105FTT:1223Geonames:H.CRKThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creektidal creektidal creekA tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creekstreamADL:FTTtidal creekGeonames:featureArtificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage.canalFTT:129FTT:401Geonames:H.CNLDdrainage canalENVOENVO:00000042drainage canalArtificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage.MA:macanalADL:FTTdrainage canalADL:FTTdrainage canalGeonames:featureAn vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem.WetlandRegionwetland areaAn vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WetlandWetlandRegionNASA:earthrealmA wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material.wetlandEcoLexicon:peat_bogFTT:1061FTT:185FTT:281FTT:983Geonames:H.BOGLTER:402LTER:70SPIRE:BogSWEETRealm:PeatlandTGN:21304https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeatlandENVOPeatlandbogmiremorassmuskegpeat bogENVO:00000044envoPolarpeatlandA wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BogwetlandADL:FTTwetlandUSGS:SDTSPeatlandNASA:earthrealmbogADL:FTTbogGeonames:featurebogUSGS:SDTSmorassUSGS:SDTSmuskegUSGS:SDTSpeat bogUSGS:SDTS1A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.LTER:182mouthEcoLexicon:estuaryFTT:234Geonames:H.ESTYSWEETRealm:EstuaryTGN:21152https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EstuaryEstuaryestuaryinletestuaryA semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EstuaryLTER:182http://129.24.124.196/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=182&/estuariesmouthUSGS:SDTSEstuaryNASA:earthrealmestuaryGeonames:featureinletUSGS:SDTSA dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HedgeHEDGEhedgerowENVOshelter beltENVO:00000046hedgeA dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary.USGS:SDTSHEDGEUSGS:SDTShedgerowUSGS:SDTSshelter beltUSGS:SDTSENVO:01001240ENVO_01001239obsolete canopytrueArtificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation.EcoLexicon:navigation_channelFTT:409FTT:467Geonames:H.CHNNGeonames:H.CNLNTGN:51257navigation canalnavigation channelnavigation canalENVOnavigation channelship cannalENVO:00000048navigation canalArtificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation.MA:manavigation canalGeonames:featurenavigation channelGeonames:featurenavigation canalADL:FTTnavigation channelADL:FTTship cannalUSGS:SDTSENVO:00000052ENVO:00000215ENVO:00000407ENVO:01000265ENVOENVO:00000049obsolete volcanic hydrographic featuretrueA hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air.thermal featureEcoLexicon:geyserFTT:755Geonames:H.GYSRTGN:21171https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeyserGEYSERgeysergeyserA hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyserthermal featureADL:FTTGEYSERUSGS:SDTSgeyserGeonames:featureA spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust.springEcoLexicon:thermal_springFTT:732FTT:815Geonames:H.SPNThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_springhot springhotspringthermal featurethermal springhot springA spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_springspringUSGS:SDTShot springGeonames:featurethermal featureADL:FTTA lake contained within a volcanic crater.FTT:384FTT:590Geonames:H.LKCGeonames:H.LKSCTGN:21138https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lakevolcanic crater lakeA lake contained within a volcanic crater.MA:mahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lakeA marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts.freshwater marshA marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts.MA:maA marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts.wetlandEcoLexicon:salt_marshFTT:1190FTT:185Geonames:H.MRSHNLTER:482TGN:21323https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_marshsalt marshsaltingsalt marshtidal marshIt would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt.saline marshA marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts.MA:mawetlandADL:FTTsalt marshUSGS:SDTSsaltingUSGS:SDTSsalt marshGeonames:featuretidal marshUSGS:SDTSA shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested.lakeFTT:221FTT:906FTT:908Geonames:H.MFGNGeonames:H.PNDNGeonames:H.PNDSNhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pondsalt evaporation pondENVOsalt pondsalt pondssalternENVO:00000055saline evaporation pondA shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pondslakeADL:FTTsalt evaporation pondADL:FTTsalt evaporation pondGeonames:featuresalt pondADL:FTTsalt pondGeonames:featuresalt pondsGeonames:featureA pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish.FTT:221FTT:696FTT:701Geonames:H.PNDSFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FishpondENVOENVO:00000056fishpondA pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish.MA:maA swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments.woodlandEcoLexicon:mangrove_swampFTT:185FTT:934Geonames:H.MGVhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove_swampmangalmangrove swampMangroveForestmangrove swampA swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments.MA:mawoodlandUSGS:SDTSmangrove swampGeonames:featureMangroveForestNASA:earthrealmA lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs.FTT:445FTT:449Geonames:H.LKSBTGN:21188https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_lakeunderground lakeENVOENVO:00000058envoPolarunderground lakeA lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakesunderground lakeGeonames:featureA river that is under the surface of the Earth.TGN:21187https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_riverENVOENVO:00000059underground riverA river that is under the surface of the Earth.MA:maA stream that is under the surface of the Earth.ENVOENVO:00000060underground streamA stream that is under the surface of the Earth.MA:maA geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth.ENVOENVO:00000061This class should probably be replaced with a quality-like entity "underground" which can then be distributed to the subclasses, solving the double inheritance.underground water bodyA geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth.MA:ma1Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population.placeFTT:1097FTT:33Geonames:P.PPLGeonames:P.PPLSTGN:22201TGN:83002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populated_placeinhabited placepopulated placepopulated placessettlementENVOinhabited regionpopulated localityENVO:00000062populated placePlace or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population.USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.htmlplaceUSGS:SDTSinhabited placeGetty:TGNpopulated placeGeonames:featurepopulated placesGeonames:featuresettlementUSGS:SDTSAn accumulation of water of varying size.hydrographic featureEcoLexicon:waterbodyFTT:131FTT:280FTT:827SWEETRealm:BodyOfWaterTGN:21100TGN:21101https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_bodyaquatic featurebodies of waterbody of waterwaterbodyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water.water bodyAn accumulation of water of varying size.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_waterhydrographic featureADL:FTTbodies of waterGetty:TGNbody of waterADL:FTTbody of waterGetty:TGNAn open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land.EcoLexicon:roadFTT:1058FTT:1183FTT:1185FTT:1187FTT:431FTT:443FTT:646FTT:798FTT:884Geonames:RGeonames:R.RDGeonames:R.STLTER:475SWEETRealm:HighwayTGN:53151TGN:53153TGN:53154TGN:53157https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoadROADroadboard walkcaravan routecausewaydrivehighwayintersectionparkwayroad bendroad junctiontraffic circleaccesswayalleyavenueboulevardcart trackdrovefarm lanefreewaylaneroadwaystreetthorofarethoroughfarethruwayturnpikeroadAn open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land.USGS:SDTSROADUSGS:SDTSroadGeonames:featureboard walkUSGS:SDTScaravan routeADL:FTTcausewayADL:FTTdriveADL:FTThighwayADL:FTThighwayGetty:TGNhighwayUSGS:SDTSintersectionADL:FTTparkwayADL:FTTparkwayGetty:TGNroad bendADL:FTTroad junctionADL:FTTtraffic circleADL:FTTaccesswayUSGS:SDTSalleyUSGS:SDTSavenueUSGS:SDTSboulevardUSGS:SDTScart trackUSGS:SDTSdroveADL:FTTfarm laneUSGS:SDTSfreewayUSGS:SDTSroadwayADL:FTTstreetADL:FTTstreetGeonames:featurestreetGetty:TGNstreetUSGS:SDTSthorofareUSGS:SDTSthoroughfareUSGS:SDTSthruwayUSGS:SDTSturnpikeUSGS:SDTSA permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars.railroad featureFTT:1132FTT:960Geonames:RGeonames:R.RRTGN:53155https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RailwayRAILWAYrailroadENVOENVO:00000065railwayA permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars.USGS:SDTSrailroad featureADL:FTTRAILWAYUSGS:SDTSrailroadGeonames:featurerailroadGetty:TGNrailroadUSGS:SDTSA tunnel constructed by human means.tunneltunnelsFTT:1136FTT:1184FTT:396FTT:397Geonames:R.TNLGeonames:R.TNLRDGeonames:R.TNLRRGeonames:R.TNLSTGN:51845https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnelcanal tunnelrailroad tunnelroad tunnelunderpassENVOENVO:00000066man-made tunnelA tunnel constructed by human means.MA:matunnelADL:FTTtunnelGeonames:featuretunnelsGeonames:featurecanal tunnelADL:FTTrailroad tunnelADL:FTTrailroad tunnelGeonames:featureroad tunnelADL:FTTroad tunnelGeonames:featureunderpassUSGS:SDTSNaturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber.FTT:1071FTT:443FTT:445FTT:446FTT:447Geonames:S.CAVESWEETRealm:CaveTGN:21485TGN:21486https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CavecaverngrottonotchcaveNaturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber.USGS:SDTScavernADL:FTTcavernUSGS:SDTSgrottoUSGS:SDTSnotchUSGS:SDTSAn underground or underwater passage.FTT:445FTT:448Geonames:R.TNLNSWEETRealm:TunnelTGN:21447https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TunnelTUNNELcavenatural tunneltunnelAn underground or underwater passage.USGS:SDTSTUNNELUSGS:SDTScaveADL:FTTnatural tunnelGeonames:featurenatural tunnelGetty:TGNA stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas.streamwatercourseFTT:636Geonames:H.STMDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributarydistributarystream distributaryENVOENVO:00000069distributaryA stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DistributarystreamADL:FTTwatercourseUSGS:SDTSdistributaryADL:FTTdistributaryGeonames:featurestream distributaryGetty:TGNA feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort."constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inferenceconstructed featureconstructionA feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.MA:maA cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it.ENVOENVO:00000071fault caveA cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it.http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.htmlStructure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity.FTT:128Geonames:H.CNLASWEETRealm:AqueductTGN:51258https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AquaductaqueductENVOWATERCOURSE BRIDGEENVO:00000072aquaductStructure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity.ADL:FTTaqueductGeonames:featureaqueductGetty:TGNaqueductUSGS:SDTSWATERCOURSE BRIDGEUSGS:SDTSA permanent walled and roofed construction.FTT:42Geonames:S.BLDGLTER:76TGN:51011https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BuildingBUILDINGbuildingbuildingA permanent walled and roofed construction.USGS:SDTSBUILDINGUSGS:SDTSbuildingGeonames:featureA barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water.EcoLexicon:damFTT:599FTT:600Geonames:S.DAMSWEETRealm:DamTGN:51253https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DamDAMDamdambarragedam sitedamA barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water.USGS:SDTSDAMUSGS:SDTSDamNASA:earthrealmdamGeonames:featurebarrageUSGS:SDTSdam siteADL:FTTA built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline.EcoLexicon:bridgeFTT:297Geonames:S.BDGTGN:51841https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BridgeBRIDGEbridgecovered bridgefootbridgeoverpassENVOENVO:00000075bridgeA built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline.USGS:SDTSBRIDGEUSGS:SDTSbridgeGeonames:featurecovered bridgeUSGS:SDTSfootbridgeUSGS:SDTSoverpassUSGS:SDTSAn excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials.EcoLexicon:mineFTT:14FTT:968Geonames:L.MNAGeonames:S.MNTGN:54211TGN:54212mineAn excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials.USGS:SDTShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MineFTT:1246FTT:1247FTT:44FTT:45FTT:46FTT:48FTT:50FTT:51FTT:52FTT:57FTT:60FTT:62FTT:63FTT:64FTT:72FTT:74Geonames:L.AGRCGeonames:L.RESAGeonames:S.NSYTGN:55001barncattle dipping tankcorraldairyfeedlotgrangegrazing allotmentirrigated fieldnurserypastoral sitesheepfoldstockyardAgriculturalLandsagricultural colonyagricultural facilityagricultural landagricultural reserveagricultural siteAs with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process.agricultural featurebarnADL:FTTcattle dipping tankADL:FTTcorralADL:FTTdairyADL:FTTfeedlotADL:FTTgrangeADL:FTTgrazing allotmentADL:FTTirrigated fieldADL:FTTnurseryADL:FTTnurseryGeonames:featurepastoral siteADL:FTTsheepfoldADL:FTTstockyardADL:FTTAgriculturalLandsNASA:earthrealmagricultural colonyGeonames:featureagricultural facilityADL:FTTagricultural landGetty:TGNagricultural reserveADL:FTTagricultural reserveGeonames:featureagricultural siteADL:FTTAn area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein.agricultural siteFTT:45FTT:58FTT:59FTT:69Geonames:S.FRMGeonames:S.FRMSGeonames:S.RNCHTGN:54011https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FarmFARMfarmfarmsfarmsteadranchfarmAn area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein.USGS:SDTSagricultural siteADL:FTTFARMUSGS:SDTSfarmGeonames:featurefarmsGeonames:featurefarmsteadADL:FTTranchGeonames:featureranchGetty:TGNranchUSGS:SDTSAn open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land.watercourseEcoLexicon:flumeFTT:129FTT:404https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flumeflume (manmade)ENVOcanalENVO:00000079flumeAn open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FlumewatercourseUSGS:SDTSflume (manmade)ADL:FTTcanalADL:FTT2A series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges.EcoLexicon:mountain_rangeFTT:548FTT:995FTT:997Geonamaes:MTSSWEETRealm:MountainRangeTGN:21431TGN:21432https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_rangeMOUNT RANGEENVOcordilleramountain chainmountain groupmountain rangemountain systemsierraENVO:00000080envoPolarmountain rangeA series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges.USGS:SDTSMOUNT RANGEUSGS:SDTScordilleraADL:FTTmountain rangeGeonames:featuremountain systemGetty:TGNsierraADL:FTTA landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area.EcoLexicon:mountainFTT:1000FTT:118FTT:460FTT:548FTT:713FTT:896FTT:993Geonames:T.MTGeonames:T.MTSSWEETRealm:MountainTGN:21430TGN:21434https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MountainMountainmountainsenvoPolarA mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit. The USGS had previously defined mountains as localised elevations of more than 300 meters; however, the organisation has accepted there are no technical definitions in the US. In ENVO, we primarily use the UNEP-WCMC classification to be compliant with SDG monitoring, but we can host other classifications on request: http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/1542/en/mountainA landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain#United_Kingdomhttps://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountainshttps://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-mountain-hill-and-peak-lake-and-pond-or-river-and-creekMountainNASA:earthrealmmountainsGeonames:featureA group of hills bordered by lowlands.hill rangeA group of hills bordered by lowlands.MA:maA rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m.EcoLexicon:hillFTT:118FTT:468FTT:713FTT:799FTT:896Geonames:T.HLLGeonames:T.HLLSSWEETRealm:HillTGN:21437TGN:21438https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HillENVOcerrofoothillhillhillockhillsknollmountmountainENVO:00000083hillA rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m.Geonames:featurefoothillADL:FTTfoothillUSGS:SDTShillGeonames:featurehillockUSGS:SDTShillsGeonames:featureknollUSGS:SDTSmountUSGS:SDTSmountainADL:FTTA lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains.EcoLexicon:mountain_passFTT:510FTT:612FTT:738FTT:739FTT:740Geonames:T.GAPGeonames:T.PASSGeonames:T.SDLSWEETRealm:PassTGN:21433TGN:21436TGN:21524https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_passpassENVOcoldefilegapnotchpasssaddlesaddle (physiographic)sill (physiographic)ENVO:00000084envoPolarmountain passA lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_passpassGeonames:featurecolADL:FTTcolUSGS:SDTSdefileADL:FTTdefileUSGS:SDTSgapGetty:TGNgapUSGS:SDTSnotchUSGS:SDTSpassADL:FTTsaddleGeonames:featuresaddleGetty:TGNsaddleUSGS:SDTSsaddle (physiographic)ADL:FTTsill (physiographic)ADL:FTTA glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley.We need to added classes such as "valley site" in order to fully axiomatize this classhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088envoPolaralpine glacierA glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_glacierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier#Typeshttps://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.htmlA region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent.EcoLexicon:plainFTT:707FTT:874FTT:926Geonames:T.PLNSWEETRealm:PlainTGN:21461https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlainPLAINPlainplaininterfluvellanosoutwash plainplainA region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent.USGS:SDTSPLAINUSGS:SDTSPlainNASA:earthrealmplainGeonames:featureinterfluveADL:FTTllanosADL:FTToutwash plainUSGS:SDTSA slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness.EcoLexicon:cliffFTT:268FTT:269FTT:491FTT:492Geonames:T.CLFSWEETRealm:CliffTGN:21487TGN:21488https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CliffCLIFFcliffbeach scarpbluffcejaice cliffpalisadeprecipicescarscarpscawscrapscliffA slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness.USGS:SDTSCLIFFUSGS:SDTScliffGeonames:featurebeach scarpUSGS:SDTSbluffADL:FTTbluffUSGS:SDTScejaUSGS:SDTSice cliffUSGS:SDTSpalisadeUSGS:SDTSprecipiceUSGS:SDTSscarUSGS:SDTSscarpUSGS:SDTSscawUSGS:SDTSscrapsADL:FTTA cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cliffcoastal cliffmarine cliffenvoPolarsea cliffA cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean.MA:mamarine cliffUSGS:SDTSEcoLexicon:cragFTT:589ENVOcragENVO:00000089inland cliffcragADL:FTTcragUSGS:SDTSAn area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features.EcoLexicon:coastal_plainEcoLexicon:coastal_zoneFTT:240FTT:499FTT:500FTT:501FTT:502FTT:503FTT:504SWEETRealm:CoastalPlainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plainENVOENVO:00000090coastal plainAn area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plainA landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.EcoLexicon:beachEcoLexicon:to_beachFTT:237FTT:239Geonames:T.BCHGeonames:T.BCHSSWEETRealm:BeachTGN:21482https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeachBeachbeach bermlagoon beachENVObeachbeachesforeshore flatsrivagestrandENVO:00000091beachA landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeachBeachNASA:earthrealmbeach bermUSGS:SDTSlagoon beachUSGS:SDTSbeachGeonames:featurebeachesGeonames:featureforeshore flatsUSGS:SDTSrivageUSGS:SDTSstrandADL:FTTstrandUSGS:SDTSA landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strandstrandsea beachA landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeachA landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake.ENVOENVO:00000093lacustrine beachA landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake.MA:maA part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.FTT:591TGN:21407volcanic landformvolcanic featureA part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanovolcanic landformGetty:TGNA feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption.ENVO:01000437EcoLexicon:lava_flowFTT:916FTT:917Geonames:T.LAVATGN:21612https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_fieldlava areaENVOlava flowlava plainENVO:00000095obsolete lava fieldtrueA feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption.MA:malava areaADL:FTTlava areaGeonames:featurelava flowGetty:TGNA feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption.FTT:384Geonames:T.CLDATGN:21409https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalderacalderacratercalderaA feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalderacalderaGeonames:featurecraterUSGS:SDTSA region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.EcoLexicon:desertFTT:1FTT:188Geonames:T.DSRTLTER:147SWEETRealm:DesertTGN:21201https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertarid regionenvoPolardesert areaA region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.USGS:SDTSarid regionADL:FTTArea of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland.EcoLexicon:islandFTT:147FTT:450FTT:886FTT:887FTT:888FTT:889Geonames:T.ISLGeonames:T.ISLSSWEETRealm:IslandTGN:21468TGN:21469TGN:21471TGN:21475https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IslandcayeyotholmhummockisleisletkeyenvoPolarislandArea of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland.USGS:SDTScayUSGS:SDTShummockUSGS:SDTSisleADL:FTTisletADL:FTTisletGetty:TGNisletUSGS:SDTSkeyUSGS:SDTSAn island constructed by human effort.FTT:1023FTT:171Geonames:T.ISLFhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_islandartificial islandENVOoffshore platformENVO:00000099artificial islandAn island constructed by human effort.MA:maartificial islandGeonames:featureoffshore platformADL:FTTA depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate.EcoLexicon:valleyFTT:158FTT:166FTT:418FTT:761FTT:811FTT:949Geonames:T.GRGEGeonames:T.VALGeonames:T.VALSSWEETRealm:ValleyTGN:21425TGN:21451TGN:21452TGN:21453chasmcouleedaleglacial gorgeglacial troughgulchgullymedian valleyshelf valleyglengoegorgegrabenhollowlavakamoatravinere-entrantseachannelstrathtrenchvalewater gapValleys are typically located between hills our mountains.valleyA depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate.ADL:FTThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ValleychasmUSGS:SDTScouleeUSGS:SDTSdaleUSGS:SDTSglacial gorgeUSGS:SDTSglacial troughUSGS:SDTSgulchUSGS:SDTSgullyGetty:TGNgullyUSGS:SDTSmedian valleyADL:FTTmedian valleyGeonames:featureshelf valleyGeonames:featureglenADL:FTTglenUSGS:SDTSgoeUSGS:SDTSgorgeGeonames:featuregorgeUSGS:SDTSgrabenUSGS:SDTShollowADL:FTThollowGetty:TGNhollowUSGS:SDTSmoatUSGS:SDTSravineUSGS:SDTSre-entrantUSGS:SDTSseachannelUSGS:SDTSstrathUSGS:SDTStrenchUSGS:SDTSwater gapUSGS:SDTSA tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river.EcoLexicon:deltaFTT:97Geonames:T.DLTASWEETRealm:DeltaTGN:21164TGN:21422https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeltaDELTADeltadeltaENVOalluvial fanbay deltacanyon deltafanfan deltaoutwashoutwash plainpass (delta)ENVO:00000101deltaA tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river.USGS:SDTSDELTAUSGS:SDTSDeltaNASA:earthrealmdeltaGeonames:featurealluvial fanUSGS:SDTSbay deltaUSGS:SDTScanyon deltaUSGS:SDTSfanUSGS:SDTSfan deltaUSGS:SDTSoutwashUSGS:SDTSoutwash plainUSGS:SDTSpass (delta)Getty:TGNFTT:444Cueva de Altamiracave entranceAn island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.FTT:147FTT:891Geonames:T.ISLMmangrove islandmangrove islandAn island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrovemangrove islandGeonames:featureEcoLexicon:fanEcoLexicon:platformEcoLexicon:ravineFTT:1020FTT:1137FTT:1176FTT:1193FTT:1194FTT:1195FTT:1196FTT:5FTT:810FTT:984Geonames:FRKUGeonames:FRSUGeonames:MDVUGeonames:PLFUGeonames:RAVUGeonames:RMPUGeonames:U.BSNUGeonames:U.EDGUGeonames:U.ESCUGeonames:U.FANUGeonames:U.FLTUGeonames:U.FURUGeonames:U.GAPUGeonames:U.GLYUGeonames:U.HOLUGeonames:U.LDGUGeonames:U.LEVUGeonames:U.PLNUGeonames:U.PLTUGeonames:U.PNLUGeonames:U.PRVUGeonames:U.RDGUGeonames:U.RDSUGeonames:U.RISUGeonames:U.SDLUGeonames:U.SHVUGeonames:U.SILUGeonames:U.SPRUGeonames:U.TERUGeonames:U.VALUGeonames:U.VLSUTGN:23001TGN:23116TGN:23117TGN:23118TGN:23135TGN:23162TGN:23181TGN:23182TGN:23183TGN:23184TGN:23188TGN:23192TGN:23193TGN:23194TGN:23195TGN:23196TGN:23211TGN:23212TGN:23301TGN:23411TGN:23412TGN:23413TGN:23415TGN:23421TGN:23423TGN:23424TGN:23431TGN:23453TGN:23461TGN:23463TGN:23467TGN:23550basinescarpmentfanflatforkforksfurrowgapgullyholehole (seafloor)ledgeleveemedian valleymoat (seafloor)pinnacleplainplateauplatformprovincerampramp (seafloor)ravineridgeridgesriserise (seafloor)saddleshelf edgeundersea bankundersea basinundersea benchundersea cliffundersea fanundersea forkundersea fracture zoneundersea furrowundersea gapundersea holeundersea ledgeundersea leveeundersea median valleyundersea moatundersea peakundersea pinnacleundersea plainundersea platformundersea rampundersea riseundersea saddleundersea shelfundersea shelf edgeundersea shelf valleyundersea sillundersea slopeundersea spurundersea terraceundersea tongueundersea valleyENVOocean floor featureseafloor featuresillspursubsea featureterracetongue (seafloor)underwater featurevalleyvalleysENVO:00000104undersea featurebasinGeonames:featureescarpmentGeonames:featurefanGeonames:featureflatGeonames:featureforkGeonames:featureforksGeonames:featurefurrowGeonames:featuregapGeonames:featuregullyGeonames:featureholeGeonames:featurehole (seafloor)ADL:FTTledgeGeonames:featureleveeGeonames:featuremedian valleyGeonames:featuremoat (seafloor)ADL:FTTpinnacleGeonames:featureplainGeonames:featureplateauGeonames:featureplatformGeonames:featureprovinceGeonames:featurerampGeonames:featureramp (seafloor)ADL:FTTravineGeonames:featureridgeGeonames:featureridgesGeonames:featureriseGeonames:featurerise (seafloor)ADL:FTTsaddleGeonames:featureshelf edgeGeonames:featureundersea bankGetty:TGNundersea basinGetty:TGNundersea benchGetty:TGNundersea cliffGetty:TGNundersea fanGetty:TGNundersea forkGetty:TGNundersea fracture zoneGetty:TGNundersea furrowGetty:TGNundersea gapGetty:TGNundersea holeGetty:TGNundersea ledgeGetty:TGNundersea leveeGetty:TGNundersea median valleyGetty:TGNundersea moatGetty:TGNundersea peakGetty:TGNundersea pinnacleGetty:TGNundersea plainGetty:TGNundersea platformGetty:TGNundersea rampGetty:TGNundersea riseGetty:TGNundersea saddleGetty:TGNundersea shelfGetty:TGNundersea shelf edgeGetty:TGNundersea shelf valleyGetty:TGNundersea sillGetty:TGNundersea slopeGetty:TGNundersea spurGetty:TGNundersea terraceGetty:TGNundersea tongueGetty:TGNundersea valleyGetty:TGNocean floor featureADL:FTTseafloor featureADL:FTTsillGeonames:featurespurGeonames:featuresubsea featureADL:FTTterraceGeonames:featuretongue (seafloor)ADL:FTTunderwater featureADL:FTTvalleyGeonames:featurevalleysGeonames:featurelake surfaceAn area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.grazing areaherbaceous areagrassland areaAn area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasslandgrazing areaGetty:TGNherbaceous areaUSGS:SDTSAn upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather.FTT:1191FTT:792Geonames:V.HTHSPIRE:HeathTGN:21609https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeathheathwetlandheathAn upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather.Geonames:featureheathGeonames:featurewetlandUSGS:SDTSA grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain.FTT:259FTT:767Geonames:V.MDWLTER:330TGN:21613meadowhay meadowTypically, meadows have higher botanical biodiversity than other grasslands.meadow ecosystemA grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeadowmeadowGeonames:featurehay meadowUSGS:SDTSLand having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.FTT:1083FTT:505FTT:506FTT:719FTT:774Geonames:V.GRVPNLTER:503SWEETRealm:BreakSWEETRealm:ScrubTGN:21631TGN:21632TGN:21641https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodlandbrigalowpine grovecaatingachanaralconiferous forestcopsedeciduous forestequatorial forestequatorial rain forestgariquegrovejunglemallee scrubmonsoon forestmoormottmottemulgamulga scrubrain forestreforested areasagebrushscrubshrubsilvastandtaigathicketthorn foresttropical rain forestwoodwooded areawoodland areaLand having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.USGS:SDTSbrigalowUSGS:SDTSpine groveGeonames:featurecaatingaUSGS:SDTSchanaralUSGS:SDTSconiferous forestUSGS:SDTScopseUSGS:SDTSdeciduous forestUSGS:SDTSequatorial forestUSGS:SDTSequatorial rain forestUSGS:SDTSgariqueUSGS:SDTSgroveADL:FTTgroveUSGS:SDTSjungleGetty:TGNjungleUSGS:SDTSmallee scrubUSGS:SDTSmonsoon forestUSGS:SDTSmoorUSGS:SDTSmotteUSGS:SDTSmulgaUSGS:SDTSmulga scrubUSGS:SDTSrain forestADL:FTTrain forestGetty:TGNreforested areaUSGS:SDTSsagebrushUSGS:SDTSscrubUSGS:SDTSshrubUSGS:SDTSsilvaUSGS:SDTSstandUSGS:SDTStaigaUSGS:SDTSthicketUSGS:SDTSthorn forestUSGS:SDTStropical rain forestUSGS:SDTSwoodADL:FTTwoodGetty:TGNwoodUSGS:SDTSwooded areaUSGS:SDTSA tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out.lava tubeENVOENVO:00000110These are usually classified as a sub-type of volcanic cave, rather than a tunnel.lava tunnelA tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out.MA:mahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_tubeAn area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.EcoLexicon:forestFTT:258FTT:506FTT:715FTT:717Geonames:V.FRSTLTER:2SWEETRealm:ForestTGN:21641TGN:21642TGN:21645https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ForestforestwoodThe definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome.forested areaAn area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ForestforestGeonames:featurewoodGetty:TGNA vegetated area which overlaps treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, permanently frozen subsoil, and communities of low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs.EcoLexicon:tundraFTT:151FTT:152Geonames:V.TUNDLTER:605SWEETRealm:TundraTGN:21611Arctic landTundraEcosystemtundraenvoPolartundraA vegetated area which overlaps treeless, level, or gently rolling plains characteristic of arctic or subarctic regions, permanently frozen subsoil, and communities of low growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and stunted shrubs.ADL:FTTArctic landADL:FTThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TundraTundraEcosystemNASA:earthrealmtundrahttp://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8704A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops.ENVO:01000311EcoLexicon:agricultureFTT:1248FTT:54FTT:55FTT:56Geonames:V.CULTSPIRE:AgriculturalSWEETRealm:RangecroplandENVOCROPLANDagricultural regioncultivated areacultivated croplandmarket gardenrangetruck farmtruck gardenENVO:00000113obsolete cultivated habitattrueA geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops.MA:macroplandADL:FTTCROPLANDUSGS:SDTScultivated areaADL:FTTcultivated areaGeonames:featurecultivated areaUSGS:SDTScultivated croplandADL:FTTmarket gardenUSGS:SDTSrangeADL:FTTtruck farmUSGS:SDTStruck gardenUSGS:SDTSA field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops.agricultural siteEcoLexicon:fieldFTT:45FTT:61Geonames:L.FLDSWEETRealm:FieldTGN:21456fieldcroplandgrasslandagricultural fieldA field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29agricultural siteADL:FTTfieldGeonames:featurecroplandUSGS:SDTSgrasslandUSGS:SDTSAn intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production.agricultural sitecroplandEcoLexicon:orchardFTT:45FTT:66Geonames:V.OCHTGN:54014https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OrchardorchardENVOENVO:00000115orchardAn intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchardagricultural siteADL:FTTcroplandUSGS:SDTSorchardGeonames:featureA place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes.agricultural sitecroplandFTT:45FTT:77Geonames:V.VINGeonames:V.VINSTGN:54015https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VineyardvineyardvineyardsENVOENVO:00000116vineyardA place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineyardagricultural siteADL:FTTcroplandUSGS:SDTSvineyardGeonames:featurevineyardsGeonames:featureAn intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming.FTT:45FTT:68TGN:54041https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantationagricultural sitecroplandplantation fieldplantationAn intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantationagricultural siteADL:FTTcroplandUSGS:SDTSplantation fieldUSGS:SDTSFTT:505FTT:506Geonames:V.GRVCENVOcoconut grovewoodENVO:00000118coconut plantationcoconut groveADL:FTTcoconut groveGeonames:featurewoodADL:FTTA forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention.planted forestA forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention.MA:maagricultural siteFTT:45FTT:65Geonames:S.ESTOGeonames:V.GRVPoil palm plantationENVOpalm groveENVO:00000120oil palm plantationagricultural siteADL:FTToil palm plantationGeonames:featurepalm groveGeonames:featureEcoLexicon:artificial_channelENVOflumeimproved channelENVO:00000121artificial channelimproved channelUSGS:SDTSA small road, generally not paved.EcoLexicon:pathEcoLexicon:trailFTT:1057Geonames:R.TRLSWEETRealm:PathTGN:53158footpathpathtrailtrackA small road, generally not paved.MA:mafootpathUSGS:SDTSpathUSGS:SDTStrailADL:FTTtrailGeonames:featuretrailGetty:TGNtrailUSGS:SDTSA geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority.FTT:1093Geonames:A.PCLTGN:80002political entitypolitical entityA geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority.MA:mapolitical entityGeonames:featureA political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states.ENVOENVO:00000124supranational geopolitical entityA political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states.MA:maA spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows.springspring (hydrographic)FTT:981FTT:982https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_springENVOENVO:00000125mineral springA spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_springspringUSGS:SDTSspring (hydrographic)ADL:FTTA spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved derivatives of sulfur.spring (hydrographic)FTT:1215FTT:982Geonames:H.SPNSsulphur springENVOENVO:00000126sulfur springA spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved derivatives of sulfur.MA:maspring (hydrographic)ADL:FTTsulphur springGeonames:featureAn arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water.barren landFTT:186FTT:187Geonames:T.BDLDTGN:21205https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BadlandsbadlandsbadlandAn arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlandbarren landADL:FTTbadlandsGeonames:featureA valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valleyENVOENVO:00000128dry valleyA valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valleyA valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream.EcoLexicon:gullyEcoLexicon:ravineFTT:159FTT:420Geonames:H.RVNTGN:21427ENVOgullieravineENVO:00000129stream valleyA valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream.MA:maravineGeonames:featureravineUSGS:SDTSA ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water.EcoLexicon:reefFTT:202FTT:203FTT:729Geonames:H.RFGeonames:U.RFSUGeonames:U.RFUSPIRE:ReefTGN:21479https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReefREEFatoll reefbank reefbarrier reeffringing reefshore reefsubmerged reefledgereefreef flatreefsrocky reefA ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water.USGS:SDTSREEFUSGS:SDTSatoll reefUSGS:SDTSbank reefUSGS:SDTSbarrier reefADL:FTTbarrier reefUSGS:SDTSfringing reefADL:FTTfringing reefUSGS:SDTSshore reefUSGS:SDTSsubmerged reefUSGS:SDTSledgeUSGS:SDTSreefGeonames:featurereef flatUSGS:SDTSreefsGeonames:featureA hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice.EcoLexicon:iceFTT:648SWEETRealm:LandIceTGN:21410glacerIceLandIceglacial landformglacier featureenvoPolarLikely to be depopulated and "glacial" made into a quality or similar.glacial featureA hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice.MA:maglacerADL:FTTIceNASA:earthrealmLandIceNASA:earthrealmglacial landformGetty:TGNglacier featureADL:FTTA mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2.FTT:758FTT:835FTT:837SWEETRealm:IceSheetTGN:21147https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheetArctic packICE FIELDbay icecontinental glaciercontinental iceglacial tongueice fieldice massisland icepack icepolar icepolar ice packrock glaciershelf iceenvoPolarThis is not always classified as a glacier in the cryosphere community.ice sheetICE FIELDUSGS:SDTSbay iceUSGS:SDTScontinental glacierUSGS:SDTScontinental iceUSGS:SDTSglacial tongueUSGS:SDTSice fieldADL:FTTice massADL:FTTisland iceUSGS:SDTSpack iceUSGS:SDTSpolar iceUSGS:SDTSpolar ice packUSGS:SDTSrock glacierUSGS:SDTSshelf iceUSGS:SDTSThis is not always classified as a glacier in the cryosphere community.https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topicA mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheetArctic packUSGS:SDTSAn ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation.http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088glacial featureEcoLexicon:glacierFTT:648FTT:756Geonames:H.GLCRTGN:21141http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/GlacierGlacierglacierRockGlacierrock glacierenvoPolarThe definition of glacier is highly variable. Two main issues exist: 1) Whether or not a mass of ice must currently show movement to be considered a glacier or not and 2) What is the relationship between ice sheets and glaciers (i.e., which is the parent in a parent/child relationship or whether they are distinct terms).glacierAn ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacierglacial featureADL:FTTGlacierNASA:earthrealmglacierGeonames:featureRockGlacierNASA:earthrealmrock glacierUSGS:SDTSThe definition of glacier is highly variable. Two main issues exist: 1) Whether or not a mass of ice must currently show movement to be considered a glacier or not and 2) What is the relationship between ice sheets and glaciers (i.e., which is the parent in a parent/child relationship or whether they are distinct terms).https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736Soil or rock and included ice or organic material at or below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more years.EcoLexicon:permafrostLTER:408https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PermafrostPermafrostenvoPolarIce is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material.permafrostSoil or rock and included ice or organic material at or below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more years.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PermafrostPermafrostNASA:earthrealmA geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason.FTT:17Geonames:A.ZNBhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_zonebuffer zoneENVOadministrative areaENVO:00000135buffer zoneA geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_zonebuffer zoneGeonames:featureadministrative areaADL:FTTA geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement.adminstrative areaFTT:1253FTT:20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZDEMILITIARIZED ZONEDMZneutral zoneboundarydemilitarized zoneA geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demilitarized_zoneadminstrative areaADL:FTTDEMILITIARIZED ZONEUSGS:SDTSneutral zoneADL:FTTneutral zoneUSGS:SDTSboundaryUSGS:SDTSAn opening of the sea into the land.FTT:463TGN:21128ENVOcoastal inletENVO:00000137envoPolarcoastal inletAn opening of the sea into the land.USGS:SDTSA circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance.EcoLexicon:coveFTT:190FTT:229Geonames:H.COVESWEETRealm:CoveTGN:21120coveA circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoveA ditch that supplies water to surrounding land.canalFTT:129FTT:406Geonames:H.DTCHIirrigation ditchENVOENVO:00000139irrigation ditchA ditch that supplies water to surrounding land.MA:macanalADL:FTTirrigation ditchADL:FTTirrigation ditchGeonames:featureA ditch that collects water from the surrounding land.EcoLexicon:drainage_ditchFTT:129FTT:402Geonames:H.DTCHDdrainage ditchENVOcanalrhyneENVO:00000140drainage ditchA ditch that collects water from the surrounding land.MA:madrainage ditchADL:FTTdrainage ditchGeonames:featurecanalADL:FTTThe sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel.mountEcoLexicon:bankFTT:195SWEETRealm:BankTGN:21466ENVOshoreENVO:00000141bankThe sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel.MA:mamountUSGS:SDTSshoreUSGS:SDTSThe sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel.FTT:195FTT:196Geonames:H.BNKRhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bankstream bankENVObank (hydrographic)ENVO:00000142stream bankThe sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel.MA:mastream bankGeonames:featurebank (hydrographic)ADL:FTTThe sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel.TGN:21155https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bankriverbankENVOENVO:00000143river bankThe sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel.MA:mariverbankGetty:TGNA habitat that is in or on water.ENVO:01000317https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_habitatENVOENVO:00000144obsolete aquatic habitattrueA habitat that is in or on water.NM:nmA dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area).FTT:841Geonames:H.CAPGSPIRE:Ice_capSWEETRealm:IceCapTGN:21140https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_capicecapice fieldenvoPolarice capA dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_capicecapGeonames:featureicecapGetty:TGNice fieldUSGS:SDTSA region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes.FTT:1208Geonames:L.SNOWTGN:21146https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_fieldSNOWFIELDsnowfieldENVOSnowFieldsnowfieldENVO:00000146envoPolarsnow fieldA region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes.USGS:SDTSSNOWFIELDUSGS:SDTSsnowfieldGetty:TGNSnowFieldNASA:earthrealmsnowfieldGeonames:featureThe region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current.currentEcoLexicon:ocean_currentFTT:597FTT:598Geonames:H.CRNTLTER:386SWEETRealm:OceanCurrentTGN:21169https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_currentocean currentSubclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current.ocean currentThe region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current.BS:bscurrentADL:FTTcurrentGeonames:featurecurrentGetty:TGNocean currentADL:FTTA shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones.EcoLexicon:rifflehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiffleriffleA shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiffleChains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_reefENVOENVO:00000149artificial reefChains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man.MA:maAragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water.LTER:127EcoLexicon:coral_reefFTT:202FTT:547FTT:729Geonames:H.RFCLTER:127https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reefCoralReefcoral reefbarrier reeffringing reefreefcoral reefAragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reefLTER:127http://129.24.124.196/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=127&/coral-reefsCoralReefNASA:earthrealmcoral reefADL:FTTcoral reefGeonames:featurecoral reefUSGS:SDTSfringing reefADL:FTTfringing reefUSGS:SDTSreefUSGS:SDTS