The Rosedale Diet is the most scientifically advanced diet in the world, that has been shown to mimic the amazing effects of caloric restriction on health and life extension, without having to even think about restricting calories.

Is the term, ‘safe starches’ an oxymoron?

What’s the big deal about 100 grams of carbohydrate from starch? That’s 1 and 1/2 large baked potatoes, or 2 cups of cooked rice. Paul Jaminet, an astrophysicist from Harvard with a strong interest in health and diet, believes that these so-called “safe starches” are healthy, and that if these are not consumed, one might experience what he calls “a glucose deficiency”. I do not. We have been going back and forth on different blogs debating this.

I believe, quite simply, that all sugars, and foods that convert into sugar, will have a detrimental effect if eaten, and therefore the fewer non-fiber carbohydrates that a person has, the better, and that the difference should be made up by consuming more beneficial fats and oils. Besides that, our diets are fairly similar in that they are both, compared with a standard diet, higher in fat and lower in carbohydrates. My view is considered extreme by some, including many in the ‘safe starch’ camp who do not believe that glucose should be looked upon as that detrimental. I also realize that not eating any foods that can convert into glucose is, from a practical sense, impossible. I recommend that people have all the vegetables that they want, except for the overly sugary ones such as corn and beets. This makes our diets that much closer. Then why is this debate such a big deal?

One may think that a bowl of rice difference in carbohydrate per day in a diet is a small difference, and perhaps it is, but I also believe that that small difference can make a big difference, especially in those with overt diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. Furthermore, I believe that we all have, at least some degree, corruption in insulin and leptin signaling, that lie at the heart of the chronic diseases of aging such as (type 2) diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, obesity, and even many cancers, and therefore everyone can and should benefit from an optimal, not just better, diet. I had written a book a number of years back entitled The Rosedale Diet that talked about the connection between insulin, leptin, and the diseases of aging, especially obesity. I believe that diet to be the most scientifically advanced diet in the world, that has been shown to mimic the effects of calorie cutting on health and youthful life extension, without having to even think about cutting calories.

There are three major reasons why I believe it is very important to carry this discussion forward as far as possible. Firstly, I feel that what a person eats is instrumental in determining health. Secondly, I feel that it is extremely important for people to know the truth in science, whether or not it is “politically correct”, or, as Al Gore has stated “inconvenient”. This way they can make their own educated decisions about what to eat and whether it is “worth it”. This debate is about what constitutes an optimal or“perfect health diet” that is the name of Jaminet’s book. If one wants to deviate from that and have a few more likely subclinical ramifications such as glycated molecules, or resistant receptors, to enjoy a bowl of rice, that is up to them. I just do not want that person to think it is healthy to do so. It should be looked upon as we view a piece of chocolate cream pie; unhealthy, but we want it now anyway, and not that we are biologically better off for having eaten it. The point is that there is no such thing as a glucose deficiency or a healthy need to eat starches. If one wants to endure a bit of tolerable biological harm for some momentary pleasure, that’s great, but the person should know what he/she is doing. I drive occasionally without a seatbelt, but I do not want anyone telling me that this is safe. If there is some unbelievably great bread at a restaurant, I might have a small bit, and savor it, not because I am deluded into thinking it is healthy, but because I am willing to take the risk.

The third reason is less philosophical and more basic scientifically. I believe that many venues of science, from basic physiology to the biology and genetics of aging point to a simple, but very powerful statement concerning health, that I have stated for many years and has yet to be disproven. That is; one’s health and lifespan will be determined by the proportion of fat versus sugar that one burns over a lifetime. The more fatty acids and ketones from fat that you burn, the healthier you will be and the longer you will likely live. The more glucose that is burned as fuel, the more unhealthy you will be, the faster you will age, and the sooner you will likely die.. This, of course, is predicated on not getting hit by a semi truck. There are no absolutes. It is the chance of disease or health that I want to swing in our favor.

This brings us back to that bowl of rice that is the basis of the difference of Paul’s and my diet. That rice consumption spread throughout the day may, at least for a significant part of that day, prevent one from burning fat. Also, the biochemical and hormonal basis of the extreme health and longevity advantages of calorie restriction that has been shown for over 80 years is being uncovered, and it appears we can use that knowledge applied to diet without calorie restricting to experience the same or similar benefits (that is what I’ve done with The Rosedale Diet). Once again, eating that bowl of rice may undo that powerful effect.

There appears to me to be, not a point of diminishing returns by further reducing carbohydrate consumption (without increasing protein consumption, but by increasing beneficial fats and oils), but a point of accelerating returns the lower one goes below that 100 g of glucose consumption.

The debate continues. My rebuttal to Paul Jaminet’s last blog espousing the benefits of “safe starches” follows. Paul has been a gentleman throughout this discourse, and I only can hope to follow suit. I hope that no offense is taken, and that the effort at education for both the audience and myself is what shines through.

We very much wish to extend our appreciation to Joe Mercola, Jimmy Moore , and Paul Jaminet for their active participation, promotion and dissemination of the discussion from their websites. We hope you find this debate both enjoyable and educational. We Look forward to hearing your thoughts and opinions.

I start with Paul Jaminet; “Dr Rosedale argues that glucose is toxic, so we should want to have less of it in our bodies; and that low-carb diets deliver less of it. He cites a lot of papers on the relationship between blood glucose levels and health, and uses blood glucose levels as a proxy for the level of glucose in the body.”

The studies presented previously on glucose levels and health are to be taken as a whole to show that there is no threshold for a safe level of blood glucose that Paul has based his ‘safe starch’ recommendations on; no more, no less. That glucose can be toxic is very well known, however it is the effect of glucose on hormonal signals that is the most important.

Jaminet continues, “Two basic matters are at issue: (1) What blood glucose level is best for health? (2) Which diet will generate those optimal blood glucose levels?”

I have said often that we must get to the root of a problem, and that would certainly pertain to this discussion. I believe that the issues stated above are not the root issues that I have frequently referred to in the prior posts. The issue does not have much to do with blood glucose levels per se, but much more to do with the effects of glucose on nutrient signaling, in particular leptin and insulin.

As I have also so often stated, all disease is a disease of communication. This is particularly true with biological illness, but also happens with any form of communication, including written. There appears to have been a miscommunication resulting in a misunderstanding of what the primary issue(s) is (are). This must be clarified to arrive at appropriate answers.

The fundamental claim by Paul, as far as his diet is concerned, is that ‘safe starches’ are, well, safe, and do no harm and in fact are healthy to include to prevent what Paul terms a ‘glucose deficiency’.

So, we must keep that in mind as the major point of Jaminet’s argument. Paul’s new point above, “What blood glucose level is best for health?” circumvents the ‘safe starch’ threshold of damage issue, perhaps admitting that there is none, and now essentially asks, what levels of glucose might be the most ‘tolerably harmful’, that I had coined in the last post. This is not just a play on words. It rightfully acknowledges that glucose will cause some degree of damage at virtually any level, as I had previously maintained, and now puts the onus of health on the repair of that damage.

This is as it should be. In other words, the fundamental question should be stated as such;

Is there a diet (Rosedale’s or Jaminet’s) or glucose (starch) intake that can better maximize the repair/damage ratio that life, health, and youthful longevity depends on, admitting the inevitability of damage from glucose at any level? It is important to recognize that this is not just dependent on baseline levels of glucose, but more on the effects of the repeated glucose spikes that are known to occur from eating starches, ‘safe’ or otherwise, on critical hormones, particularly insulin and leptin, that ‘sense’ the amount of glucose and powerfully adjust the genetic expression of repair and the longevity phenotype depending on perceived nutritional circumstance.

I give a summary and conclusion near the end of this article that answers this very important question that is critical to determining an optimal diet. Those wanting the ‘Cliff Notes’ version of this rather long post can go directly there. Those wanting more details and my latest full rebuttal to Jaminet’s latest ‘safe starch’ arguments, read on.

Let’s see if Jaminet addresses this primary repair/damage ratio question.

From here I will comment (in black) after passages from Paul’s last blog (in red). Some links and more relevant statements from studies will be in blue.

Let’s look at what the evidence shows.

What Blood Glucose Level is Best for Health?

In my [Jaminet's] main reply I had written: What is a dangerous level of blood glucose?

In diabetics, there seems to be no detectable health risk from glucose levels up to 140 mg/dl, but higher levels have risks… In people not diagnosed with diabetes, there is also some evidence for risks above 140 mg/dl.

Dr Rosedale seemed to feel that this was the weakest point in my argument, and directed his fire here. My statement was a description of what the scientific literature shows, and the adjective “detectable” carries a lot of weight here. To refute my statement, you would have to find study subjects whose blood glucose never goes above 140 mg/dl, and yet show health impairments attributable to glucose.

… and many studies have been found that show that, at least for a short period of time, damage from glycation and other adverse molecular events occur with far lower blood glucose. Jaminet has admitted as much by stating below, “the number of glycation reactions may be proportional to the concentration of glucose, and if glycation products are health damaging toxins then toxicity may be proportional to glucose levels..”

Indeed, glycation events have been shown to be very damaging to health. On the other hand, to support Jaminet’s claim, even if it were true that glucose must rise above 140 to cause damage and that therefore his higher carbohydrate diet is ‘safe’, one would have to show that in everyone eating Jaminet’s diet, blood sugar never went above 140. Obviously, this cannot feasibly be shown, so one has to use the best science available to extrapolate most accurately. All human studies pertaining to health and longevity are inferences and not proofs as, I’m sure Jaminet will agree, it is not feasible to carry these experiments out lifelong in people.

It is true that the word “detectable” carries a lot of weight when it comes to health risk. For instance, if one is just looking for a person to drop dead in the next couple of hours after consuming high glycemic starches, then in most cases the risk of glucose would not be detectable. But not in all;

When speaking of his research linking glucose spikes to endothelial dysfunction;

Dr. Shechter states, “..doctors know that high glycemic foods rapidly increase blood sugar. Those who binge on these foods have a greater chance of sudden death from heart attack. Our research connects the dots…”

However, as one looks deeper to detect adverse effects from raising insulin, leptin, or glycation, then yes, there would be detectable levels of health risk from even a single glucose excursion. In the last post I cited studies showing such risk.

Dr. Rosedale argues there is no threshold separating safe from harmful levels of glucose, because glucose acts as a toxin at all concentrations:

[Dr. Rosedale states]; “I will spend a fair amount of time and show a fair number of studies to show that there is no threshold. Very simply, the higher the blood sugar rise, the more damage is done in some linear upward slope.”

I emailed Ron to make sure that he really did mean there was no threshold, so that glycemic toxicity begins at 0 mg/dl. He replied:

[Dr. Rosedale]; “I mean the former; that glucose will cause some damage when above 0 mg/dl … obviously a moot point and theoretical when glucose very low and incompatible with life and likely a minute amount of damage when that low. At any level of glucose compatible with life some more meaningful degree of glycation, hormonal response and genetic expression will take place. We will always want/need to repair the damage done to stay alive, but with age the repair mechanisms become damaged also. Eventually damage outdoes repair and we “age”, acquire chronic disease, and die.”

Ron’s view can be graphed like this:

This view makes sense as a matter of molecular chemistry: the number of glycation reactions may be proportional to the concentration of glucose, and if glycation products are health damaging toxins then toxicity may be proportional to glucose levels. Good graph Paul; thanks.

The trouble with this is that it doesn’t really get at what we want to know: what blood glucose level optimizes human health?

Actually, what we really want to know is what level of glucose consumption optimizes human health. The consumption of glucose causes a much wider range of effects than just affecting baseline, fasting blood glucose. It causes large excursions in blood glucose temporarily at least. It effects nutrient signals that are perhaps the most powerful hormones in the body that detect nutrient levels, and have an extremely powerful effect on energy use and storage and genetic expression of health (or not), as I discuss more later.

If we change the y-axis so that it doesn’t measure glycemic toxicity, but rather overall health of the human organism, then the shape of the curve is going to change in two major ways:

First, in translating toxicity to its impact on health, we have to account for Paracelsus’s rule: “the dose makes the poison.” The body can readily repair small doses of a toxin with no ill effect – possibly even a hormetic benefit – but large doses of a toxin multiply damage exponentially and can prove fatal. So the impact of a toxin on health will not rise linearly, but non-linearly with a steeper slope as one moves to the right.

Second, we have to account for the fact that glucose has a role as a nutrient. As Ron himself says, having too little blood glucose is “incompatible with life.” So low blood glucose – depriving us of the benefits of normal levels of this nutrient – is a catastrophic negative for health. This means that the left side of the curve needs radical adjustment.

With these two changes, our graph becomes something like this:

It now has a U-shape.

I must point out, as Paul did, that it is not the previous graph that has changed. The prior graph remains unchanged. This is now a completely different graph with a totally different y-axis. The prior graph remains valid and shows detriment with increasing glucose.

Jaminet does bring up the matter of repair here, “The body can readily repair small doses of a toxin…” but I don’t believe this is discussed further by Jaminet, as he focuses, as we have done previously, on risk of damage. However, the issue of repair is paramount. Not only is the damage that life encounters somewhat variable, but the ability of a life to repair that damage is also quite variable, and depends to a large extent on genetic expression of repair mechanisms, such as intracellular (from within the cell; not from eating them) antioxidant manufacture, heat shock proteins, DNA repair mechanisms, waste removal (autophagy), and other tricks that nature has to keep a life alive, if nature believes that is beneficial. That genetic expression is, in turn, largely regulated by nutrient level detecting hormones, of which insulin, leptin and mTOR are primary, and they in turn are controlled by what you eat. Therefore, what a person eats can turn up repair, or lower it, and this arguably is the most important impact of diet on health and longevity, and must be primary when recommending a diet to promote health and longevity. That brings us back to how I had stated earlier the major issue here should be expressed; which diet, Jaminet’s or Rosedale’s best up-regulates the repair vs. damage equation. I discuss this more near the end of this post.

I’ve drawn the inflection point where toxicity starts rising rapidly at around 140 mg/dl, and the inflection point on the other side where hypoglycemia causes substantial health damage at around 60 mg/dl. But the precise numbers don’t matter much; the point is that there is a U-shape, and somewhere in that U is a bottom where health is optimized. [my emphasis]

I believe, that there is a very important clarification that needs to be made here, at least as it concerns this current post. Fasting glucose, and therefore this graph, will be pertinent in showing perhaps a correlation between fasting glucose and health, and perhaps more importantly if changing fasting glucose levels changes that correlation. The point of the studies that I cited previously pertaining to glucose levels was to show that there is no specific threshold for glucose above baseline that determines health or not, as Jaminet believes. I do not believe, nor might Jaminet, that fasting blood glucose is the sine qua non for health, and it should not be used as such. Again, it is the excursions in glucose and effects on corrupting insulin and leptin signaling that are much more significant. Therefore, most of the remainder of Jaminet’s post that deals only with potential risk to health of glucose levels takes on less significance, but let’s look further for more clarifications and explanations.

What do we know about the precise shape of that U, and the location of the bottom?

We can’t intuit the shape of the bottom of the U using theoretical speculations. Theory doesn’t allow us to balance risks of hypoglycemia against toxicity on such a fine scale.

Empirical evidence is limited. Most studies relating blood glucose levels to health have been done on diabetics eating high-carb diets. There are few studies on healthy people… Actually, most of the studies that I cited in my last response were on ‘healthy’ people.

His first cite is “Is there a glycemic threshold for mortality risk?” from Diabetes Care, May 1999,http://pmid.us/10332668.

For both fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose, the [relative risk of death was] lowest between about 4.5 and 6.0 mmol/l, which translates to 81 to 108 mg/dl. However, note that there is very little rise in mortality – only about 10% higher relative risk – in 2-h glucose levels of 7 mmol/l, which is 126 mg/dl. Since the postprandial peak is rarely at 2-h (45 min is a common peak), most of these people may well have been experiencing peak levels above 140 mg/dl. [emphasis mine]

That is a possibility but still speculative. In this study we do not know. Some people might have gone above 140, some might not have; just like the general population that might eat Jaminet’s diet. This is important, as Paul claims risk only above 140, not at or below.

I also find it quite doubtful that those following Pauls’s diet will consistently measure postprandial glucose after a “safe starch” meal to make sure that blood glucose has always stayed below 140. In fact, that likely will not happen in anyone all of the time given the variability in environmental circumstances such as daily stress and sleep.

I find it particularly interesting when Jaminet says above that “there is very little rise in mortality – only about 10% higher relative risk – in 2-h glucose levels of 7 mmol/l, which is 126 mg/dl.” Is he going from saying that keeping sugars under 140 is completely safe, to now saying that a 10% rise in risk is minimal and apparently acceptable for those whose 2 hr glucose is under 140, or saying that in all of these people their glucose must have risen above 140?

However, when one is looking only at glucose, one is looking only at the tip of an iceberg. It is what’s going on underneath (insulin, leptin) that is much more significant. If it was only blood sugar, than the initial graph would still hold, showing an increase in glycation correlating with an increase in glucose. Jaminet has even admitted as much. But we know there is more to the story.

My [Jaminet] interpretation: I would say that this study demonstrates that mortality is a U-shaped function of blood glucose levels, but it doesn’t tell us the shape of the bottom of the U. It is consistent with the idea that significant health impairment occurs only with excursions of blood glucose above 140 mg/dl or below 60 mg/dl.

That would depend what one’s definition of significant is. What the study illustrates is that there is a 10% additional risk of death at 126 mg, that is significant to me, and that is well below Paul’s safe limit of 140 mg and is at a level that most people would obtain after eating what Jaminet refers to as ‘safe starches’. There is added risk at any level above a relatively low baseline, and that was my point. The study does show a U-curve with 2 hr glucose, less so with fasting, with the bottom of the curve showing the mortality as stated in the conclusion of the paper; the lowest mortality is with glucose levels averaging approximately 90 fasting and 100 mg/dl 2 hrs after a glucose load. Does this study add support to the author’s premise, and mine, that there is no glycemic threshold above baseline (and above that which is overtly hypoglycemic) that is healthy and below which is not. Yes it does.

I will once again repeat the conclusion of the authors;

CONCLUSIONS: In the Paris Prospective Study, there were no clear thresholds for fasting or 2-h glucose concentrations above which mortality sharply increased; in the upper levels of the glucose distributions, the risk of death progressively increased with increasing fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations.

Jaminet saying that there was only a 10% increase in mortality at 126 mg supports their conclusion and mine… that there is a gradual increase in mortality above a baseline of approximately 90 mg/dl that Jaminet previously called safe. To fit his paradigm, he must assume that in all of these people, their blood glucose rose above 140 mg/dl at some point, and there is no evidence to support that, and indeed that is not feesible.

Dr Rosedale’s second cite is actually to a commentary: “‘Normal’ blood glucose and coronary risk” in the British Medical Journal, http://pmid.us/11141131, commenting on a paper by Khaw et al, “Glycated haemoglobin, diabetes, and mortality in men in Norfolk cohort of european prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk),” http://pmid.us/11141143.

This study used glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c, which can serve as a measure of average blood glucose over the preceding ~3 weeks. (As a point of fact, HbA1C actually is meant to indicate blood glucose over 3 months.)

This supports the “blood sugar should be as low as possible” thesis, since lower HbA1c levels were associated with lower mortality. However, this study has a few flaws:

It includes diabetics. Diabetics have poor glycemic control, and episodes of hypoglycemia as well as hyperglycemia, so HbA1c levels (which represent average blood sugar levels) may be a poor proxy for the levels of glycemic toxicity. Also, diabetics are usually on blood-glucose lowering medication, which may distort the blood sugar – mortality relationship.

It lumps the population together in very large cohorts. Effectively there were only three cohorts, since the highest HbA1c cohort had only 2% of the sample; the other three cohorts contained 27%, 36%, and 36% of the study population respectively.

We can get a finer grip on what happens by looking at studies that lack these flaws. Here’s one: “Low hemoglobin A1c and risk of all-cause mortality among US adults without diabetes,”Circulation, 2010, http://pmid.us/20923991.

This study is an an analysis of NHANES III; it excludes diabetics and has 3 cohorts, not 1, with HbA1c below 5%. The U-shaped mortality curve is very clear. In raw data and all models, the lowest mortality is with HbA1c between 5.0 and 5.4. Mortality increases with every step down in HbA1c: in Model 1, mortality is 8% higher with HbA1c between 4.5 and 4.9, 31% higher between 4.0 and 4.4, and 273% higher below 4.0.

So the minimum mortality HbA1c range of 5.0 to 5.4 translates to an average blood glucose level of 96.8 to 108.3 mg/dl (5.36 to 6.00 mmol/l). This result is almost identical to the finding in Dr Rosedale’s first cite, from which Dr Rosedale quoted: “the lowest observed death rates were in the intervals centered on 5.5 mmol/l [99mg/dl] for fasting glucose.”

My interpretation: Once again, we find that there is a U-shaped mortality curve, and minimum mortality occurs with average or fasting blood glucose in the middle of the normal range – in the vicinity of 100 mg/dl or 5.5 mmol/l.

I’m really not sure what the point is that Jaminet is making. That too low of blood glucose can be detrimental? Certainly, especially under certain unhealthy circumstances that may or may not have anything directly to do with the glucose per se. Low average glucose can occur with adrenal insufficiency such that cortisol levels are inadequate, or growth hormone deficiency, etc. Certainly, just like with the thyroid studies that he has pointed out below and that I believe are misunderstood, the detrimental effects of lowering glucose would be determined by how and why it is being done; as part of illness, or as part of a physiological and “purposeful” regulation to extend longevity. Lower than typical blood glucose is found in almost all models of extended lifespan (and healthspan) including caloric restriction and centenarians. What this study once again shows is an incremental increase in mortality far below a glucose level that Paul has said is healthy. This study once again supports my contention that the increase in blood sugar brought about by eating ‘safe starches’ is anything but safe.

Let’s finish our examination of this issue with a quick look at Dr Rosedale’s third cite. (Does this mean that Paul is OK with the other 17 or so studies that I had cited previously showing a detriment of glucose at levels well below those that Jaminet had proposed were safe? That would be a pretty good batting average.) That paper, “Post-challenge blood glucose concentration and stroke mortality rates in non-diabetic men in London: 38-year follow-up of the original Whitehall prospective cohort study,”Diabetologia, http://pmid.us/18438641, is a familiar one; it was cited in our book (p 36, fn 35).

This study looked at blood glucose levels 2 hours after swallowing 50 grams of glucose, and then followed the men for 38 years to observe mortality rates. CarbSane makes an important observation: this study used whole blood rather than plasma to assay blood glucose. Whole blood has more volume (due to inclusion of cells) but the same glucose, and so less glucose per deciliter. According to this paper, standard (plasma) values are about 25 mg/dl higher, so 95 mg/dl in whole blood actually corresponds to a plasma value of about 120 mg/dl.

That was a 1965 paper. There have been considerable advances in the measurement of glucose since then, such that the differences are less, though still present. Actually, to convert from whole-blood glucose, multiplication by 1.10 (~10% difference) has been shown to generally give the serum/plasma level…

Though this is known among clinicians in the field, without having clinical experience, CarbSane would not know this. Furthermore, anyone checking glucose using a home monitor (other than perhaps some newer ones calculating serum glucose), is using whole blood.

The diagnosis of diabetes, by conventional standards, (though I believe that diabetes ought to be diagnosed by insulin and leptin values rather than blood glucose), is defined as a fasting plasma/serum measurement of 126. Using the conversion factor that Jaminet indicates would translate to a blood monitor level of 101. That, in turn, would translate to a whole lot more diabetics, that may benefit to a greater extent, as he mentioned in Jimmy Moore’s post, by using a more “diabetic” diet such as mine. My statement that we all should be treated as diabetics would start to ring true.

There is no significant difference in mortality among any group with post-challenge whole blood glucose up to 5.29 mmol/l (95 mg/dl), corresponding to 120 mg/dl or 6.7 mmol/l in standard measurements..

(…or 105 mg/dl if the correct conversion factor was used.)

My [Jaminet] interpretation: This study wasn’t designed to observe the lower end of the U. At the higher end, it is consistent with the other studies: mortality rises with 2-hr plasma glucose above 120 mg/dl.

Actually in this study, mortality correctly rises significantly above 95 mg/dl blood, but that correlates to 105 mg/dl plasma if the much more modern and accurate conversion of 10% is used. This again is far lower than the 140 mg/dl that Jaminet has deemed safe.

Summary: Optimal Blood Glucose Levels

All of the papers cited by Dr Rosedale are consistent with this story:

1. Mortality and health have a U-shaped relationship with blood glucose.

It does not show this. It shows a correlation with lower mortality of fasting blood glucose at approximately 90-100 mg/dl. This is not the same. There is more to health than just fasting blood glucose. Excursions in blood glucose are at least as important.

3. The impaired health seen with fasting or 2-hr blood glucose levels of 110 or 120 mg/dl may be largely attributable to the portion of the day in which those people experience blood glucose levels over 140 mg/dl.

This is not indicated in any of these studies, or the many studies that I cited previously … It is possible, but so then is any speculation of impaired health. It could be due to that portion of the day in which people were in car accidents as they were texting on their phone… in other words, since other variables were not measured, we can speculate about any other cause other than the most likely and that all the studies cited here and in my last post point to; that elevations in glucose above baseline are not healthy.

I should note that Dr Rosedale acknowledges that high-normal blood glucose is better than low blood glucose for some aspects of health, like fertility:

[Rosedale said]; “Safe starch proponents say that raising blood glucose and raising insulin is a very natural phenomenon and needn’t be avoided. However, if we evolved in a certain way and with certain physiologic responses to the way we eat, it was not for a long, healthy, post-reproductive lifespan. It was for reproductive success. The two are not at all synonymous, in fact often antagonistic.”

Not exactly, but partly correct never-the-less. Keeping blood glucose low even after eating does favor a longer and healthy post-reproductive life. What I did indicate was that ‘safe starch’ proponents should not use the proposition that since raising blood sugar is a natural phenomenon, that it is a reason for that being healthy. Nature’s concern for us only goes so far; namely for us to be healthy to have reproductive success, after which she loses interest. It is also natural to die, but we are reading this to avoid that natural event. I have no qualms about saying that what I’m doing and teaching to be healthy is quite unnatural, as it is the quest to be able to live a long, happy, and youthful life after making babies. Humans appear to be unique in that quest. This concern of nature and evolution began with the beginning of life to include single-celled organisms…like the 15 or so trillion cells that make you up. Increasing pressure to make more cells can increase risk of cancer, that elevations in glucose can promote. Many studies are now showing a correlation between glucose and insulin levels and cancer risk. However, large, multi-celled walking and talking organisms such as us can still reduce risk of cells multiplying in excess, while still even increasing our ability to make multi-celled babies. Insulin resistance, and especially leptin resistance is powerfully associated with infertility. One of the best ways to improve fertility is to improve leptin signaling that my diet has been shown to do.

I guess one has to choose one’s priorities. Not everyone will choose maximum lifespan.

They should…since extending maximal lifespan (as opposed to average lifespan) also entails extending “youthspan” and healthspan.

But suppose Dr Rosedale is right, and that low blood glucose levels are most desirable for at least some persons. I’m willing to stipulate, for the sake of argument, that optimal health for some persons may occur at below-normal blood glucose levels – say, 80 mg/dl. That brings us to the second issue: which diet will produce these low blood glucose levels?

Which Diet Minimizes Blood Glucose Levels?

If the key to health is achieving below-normal blood glucose levels, then low-carb diets are in trouble.

My low-carb diet is not, and that is far from the key to health.

In general, very low-carb diets tend to raise fasting blood glucose and 2-hr glucose levels in response to an oral glucose tolerance test.

This is a well-known phenomenon in the low-carb community. When I ate a very low-carb diet, my fasting blood glucose was typically 104 mg/dl. Peter Dobromylskyj of Hyperlipid has reported the same effect: his fasting blood glucose is over 100 mg/dl.

I don’t agree that low carb diets raise fasting BG (blood glucose) levels; perhaps certain kinds do, such as high-protein diets. I have never seen this in people following my diet; only in those perhaps who were following a high protein diet. I have treated many dozens of people, diabetics and otherwise, who have supposedly been on other low carbohydrate diets, and lowered their blood sugars considerably when I put them on my diet, that generally entailed reducing protein while increasing fat.

However a main point of my argument is that BG levels are only a small part of the story; What higher carb intake does to insulin and leptin is even more important; it raises them promoting insulin and leptin resistance.

Back in mid summer 2007 there was this thread on the Bernstein forum. Mark, posting as iwilsmar, asked about his gradual yet progressively rising fasting blood glucose (FBG) level over a 10 year period of paleolithic LC eating. Always eating less than 30g carbohydrate per day. Initially on LC his blood glucose was 83mg/dl but it has crept up, year by year, until now his FBG is up to 115mg/dl….

A high protein diet that many, if not most in the paleo community adopt by substituting protein for carbohydrates, is not healthy. I have noticed higher BG from higher protein diets many times, compared to my recommended higher (beneficial fat) diet with lower protein.

I’ve been thinking about this for some time as my own FBG is usually five point something mmol/l whole blood. Converting my whole blood values to Mark’s USA plasma values, this works out at about 100-120mg/dl.

Again, a GTT is not at all sufficient to assess metabolic health. It is necessary to know the ihe insulin and leptin response. At the least, an insulin level measured concurrently with each glucose is necessary for any meaningful results pertaining to health. I must keep saying this; diabetes, and health, are not primarily a disease of glucose. They are a disease of improper signals being given to glucose, especially those coming from insulin and leptin. These need to be measured to have any meaningful idea about the roots of health. They effect many other, even more significant aspects of health, such as a massive shift in genetic expression. Though a mistake to focus on fasting blood glucose only as an index of diabetes or health as is conventionally being done, I must say that it is my experience that fasting glucose is uniformly reduced on my diet… as are insulin and leptin levels. I do not think that Paul can say the same.

The general opinion in LC circles is that you need 150g of carbohydrate per day for three days before an oral glucose tolerance test.

Not in the low carb circles that I have kept; in the low carb circles of those of us who helped found the field, or in those circles of clinicians who have regularly treated patients with glucose problems. You cite Jeff Volek’s work below. Let’s look at another of his papers;

Comparison of a Very Low-Carbohydrate and Low Fat Diet on Fasting Lipids, LDL Subclasses, Insulin Resistance, and Postprandial Lipemic Responses in Overweight Women

Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol.23, No.2, 177–184

Numbers given in order; baseline, very low carb, high carb;

Glucose(mg/dL) 86 83 88

Insulin(pmol/L) 41 37 50

InsulinResistanceHOMA 1.28 1.10 1.63

Please note that a very low 9%, 28 gm. carbohydrate diet did not raise blood glucose, in fact kept it in a healthy range. What’s more important is that it did so concurrent with lowering insulin, thus improving insulin sensitivity. The high carb diet also kept blood glucose low, and if this is all that was looked at, there would be little to conclude. However the real and big story is that the high carb diet kept the BG down at the expense of raising insulin significantly, and thus worsening insulin resistance, and this is a very detrimental effect to overall health, risk of virtually all chronic diseases of aging, and confers a high risk to shortened lifespan. I will emphasize again; only measuring blood glucose without knowing what insulin and leptin are doing gives very incomplete and often misleading information when it comes to effects of any intervention such as diet. Basing conclusions on this is fraught with danger. This is also why the standard of current medical care for diabetics generally makes them worse. (See results of the ACCORD study.)

Although I did show many studies showing the correlation of glucose on aspects of health and even mortality, it was done to disprove the notion that only glucose above 140 is detrimental, which they did, including in context of studies pertaining to insulin and leptin. The conclusion based on the totality of those studies was that detriments of glucose on various aspects of health are seen well below values that Jaminet claims are safe.

This is at the high end of the 20% to 30% of energy (400 to 600 calories on a 2000 calorie diet) that is the Perfect Health Diet recommendation for carbs.

The Kitavans eat more than 60% of calories as carbohydrate, mostly from starches. Their fasting blood glucose averages 3.7 mmol/l (67 mg/dl) (http://pmid.us/12817903).

I have consistently heard those in the Paleo, higher carbohydrate camp refer to the Kitavans as an example of a population eating a high carbohydrate diet and supposedly being much healthier, and the conclusion is drawn that the high carbohydrate diet is causing the improved health.

Trying to draw conclusions from population groups is extremely difficult and can lead to very poor science. There are far too many variables to fully account for, and the best one can do is associate a particular variables such as a high carbohydrate diet with health. However, association does not mean cause, as I have talked so often about pertaining to cholesterol studies.

Little mentioned of the Kitavans, is their high intake of coconut oil. This is very high in medium chain triglycerides that have been shown to have numerous and powerful metabolic advantages. That is the trouble with population studies. It is impossible to control all of the variables in diet and lifestyle.

How about this for a variable that I do not hear accounted for much pertaining to Kitavans;

“Should we be concerned over increasing body height and weight.”

Experimental Gerontology 44 (2009) 83–92

“Researchers have found that people in traditional societies have much lower rates of certain chronic diseases compared to developed populations . Virtually all of these populations are much shorter than northern Europeans…Kitavan males have averaged 163 cm (5’4″) and females 155 cm (5’1″) for several generations…The greater longevity of smaller animals within the same species became widely known when it was found that mice fed low calorie diets grew to be smaller than normal but had extended longevities.”

BMI and weight: their relation to diabetes, CVD, cancer and all cause mortality. In: Samaras, T. (Ed.), Human Body Size and The Laws of Scaling:

“Shorter people experience lower BMI, lower levels of various risk factors for CHD, diabetes, and all-cause mortality, such as glucose, insulin, IGF-1, CRP, homocysteine, Apo B, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL; however, they experience higher levels of desirable HDL, Apo A and SHBG.”

Why are they short? Kitavans eat less protein than in western societies, most of which is concentrated in 1 meal, further reducing IGF and mTOR, both of which have been shown to extend longevity.

But do Kitavans even have extended longevity? That’s quite debatable. They do not have a higher number than average of centenarians (if any) and do not have higher than (even post 50 year old to account for high infant death rate) average lifespans.

All one can say is that Kitavans with their diet of far less junk food, lower protein, higher (cellulose) vegetables, high MCTs, that may help result in short and lean stature, with their less stressed lifestyle gives them low rates of heart disease and diabetes but with an approximately average lifespan with few centenarians. I don’t understand what the big deal is there.

I would not hang my hat on Kitavans as a reason to eat carbohydrates, as the hatrack is not secure. I don’t know about you, but I am striving for better health than revealed by the Kitavans.

I will spend a bit of time going over this and the next study cited by CarbSane and presented here, as they are excellent examples of really bad science (if that word should even be used at all) that are very misleading, and they in no way support the position that increasing carbohydrate intake is healthy… at best perhaps only somewhat less unhealthy than worse diets.

In the prior study, let’s look at the feeding method;

“In the young subjects the usual ad libitum (control) diet composition was determined from a 2-wk dietary recall [that many studies have shown fail to 'remember' the unhealthiest foods. No one wants you to know that they downed a pizza chased by a hot fudge sunday as a midnight snack]. The HCF [high carbohydrate/fiber] diet was prepared in the metabolic kitchen at MIT and consumed by the subjects under supervision.”

Yup; an even playing field. The usual at home, unsupervised, ad-lib diet that could be recalled from 2 weeks prior, was compared to a very high fiber diet consumed under supervision containing on average 60 grams more fiber than the 15 gm “control” daily, the vast majority of which was insoluble and thus, though virtually totally excreted, is counted toward calorie intake. Have any of you tried to eat 75 grams of fiber daily? That’s 22 tablespoons of Metamucil a day.. Talk about in and out..

This study compared a standard high fat, high carb, low fiber diet to a diet much higher in fiber. I have stated innumerable times that the typical diet is so bad that making any changes to it leads to improvement. The worst diet to be on is a high fat, high carbohydrate diet, as the (non-fiber) carbs prevents the fats from being burned. In this case the high fat, high non-fiber carb diet was being compared to a low fat, very high fiber high carb diet.

Jaminet uses another study from CarbSane;

“Effect of high glucose and high sucrose diets on glucose tolerance of normal men,”http://pmid.us/4707966. On diets with glucose as the only carb source, 2-hr plasma glucose after a glucose challenge was 184 mg/dl on a 20% carb diet, 183 mg/dl on a 40% carb diet, 127 mg/dl on a 60% carb diet, and 116 mg/dl on an 80% carb diet. The 80% carb diet was the only one on which blood glucose never went above 140 mg/dl.

It is important to know the diets being talked about. These are the glucose diets being referred to in this above second study;

That’s right, 65% of the lowest carb diet was force fed corn oil…the ‘low-carb’ group was force fed high quantities of liquid corn oil to bring calories up to 3000 cal/day, and it’s not a revelation that these people didn’t do too well. Jaminet is attributing their poor relative results to their low carb intake that is, by the way, 20% glucose = 600 cal. that is exactly what Jaminet calls a ‘safe starch’ amount and type. I think there are other reasons; lucky for Jaminet.

Insulin was not measured. See my comments above. This is a usual and critical mistake. It is very possible that the very rapid and large spike in glucose secondary to eating carbs with a glycemic index of 100, caused an equally rapid spike in insulin that rapidly reduced the blood glucose. It is also well known that eating fat with sugar slows the absorption and “flattens” the blood glucose and insulin curve, resulting in perhaps higher 2 hour glucose values. But is this very rapid rise and decline i.e. high spike in blood glucose and insulin healthier? Quite the opposite.

Again, what I have said for decades is that lowering glucose by raising insulin is trading one evil for an even worse one. Spikes in glucose may even be worse than a high but steady BG (see studies below), and spikes in glucose and insulin may, and I believe do, bring about insulin and leptin resistance, and therefore a whole new realm of metabolic devastation.

Furthermore, in these studies, the low-carb group was not well adapted, and necessary nutrient supplementation was not given. It is well known that those people who are not adapted to a low carbohydrate diet may not fare well in the first few weeks following the initiation of this, especially if they have not supplemented with potassium and magnesium that will be lost as excess fluid is excreted in urine as insulin is reduced. Magnesium is also required for proper insulin signaling. Also, the almost infinitely high omega 6/omega 3 ratio seen in the first study would cause extreme inflammation that is known to damage islet cells and prevent proper insulin and leptin function while also impairing the metabolism of fatty acids and membrane function. I do not think that the authors were unaware of this.

Once again, what those two studies merely show is that eating carbs and fat (as pure corn oil !) together is very bad, that eating large amounts of pure glucose will rapidly spike blood glucose and therefore insulin that (at least for a while before insulin resistance kicks in) is known to rapidly lower the blood glucose, that force feeding copious amounts of corn oil to maintain high calorie intake might have deleterious effects, especially in conjunction with improper implementation and without proper supplementation of at least magnesium, potassium, and omega 3 oils.

The proper very low carbohydrate (higher beneficial fat, moderate only protein) diet, a few very simple precautions, and a little bit of time is necessary before significant benefits are realized,,,and they will be realized if this diet is properly implemented.

But wait; there’s more;

Medical and nutrition studies are now often (usually?) undertaken, not to discover some underlying truth, but rather designed to obtain a predetermined and biased outcome as part of a marketing effort.

Both of the previously cited studies, one from 1973, and the other from 1990, were authored by James Anderson, whom I am quite familiar with. Dr. James Anderson happens to be the chairman of the National Fiber Council, an organization that is funded by HCF [High Carbohydrates and Fiber] Nutrition Research Foundation (a nonprofit foundation reputedly funded by large carbohydrate containing food corporations and whose chairman happens to be Dr. Anderson), and other not very unbiased entities such as Procter & Gamble.

Furthermore, these studies are irrelevant to our discussion that ought to be comparing, as much as possible, a very low carb, high (healthy, not corn) fat and moderate protein diet in which the participants had enough time to become adapted, to a higher carb diet. The studies by CarbSane and Jaminet are like comparing a fat 40-year-old to a fat 50-year-old in the 100 yard dash, and assuming that the winner is fit for the Olympics.

This last study did not report fasting glucose, but did track blood glucose for 4 hours after the glucose challenge. If we take the 4-hr blood glucose reading as representative of fasting glucose, we find that dieters eating 60% or 80% carb diets had fasting glucose of 76 and 68 mg/dl, respectively.

With all due respect for Paul, he is taking way too much liberty here. Rarely do 4 hr post prandial glucose levels reflect fasting levels. They are often higher, sometimes lower depending on insulin response (i.e. reactive hypoglycemia). This is why fasting blood tests are done at least 8 hrs and usually 12 hrs after eating. Furthermore the inadequacy of testing may have covered up the rapid, and detrimental spikes in glucose (that Jaminet also alluded to earlier) and insulin that may have likely occurred, especially with the higher glucose diets. If Jaminet really believed in these studies, then why is he not recommending very high sugar diets? I believe that he knows them to be less than healthy.

interpretation of the evidence from multiple sources: A plausible conclusion is that a high-carb diet produces a low fasting glucose (let’s say, 80 mg/dl), a PHD type 20% carb diet an intermediate fasting glucose (95 mg/dl), and a very low-carb diet a high fasting glucose (say, 105 mg/dl).[my emphasis]

Let’s not just “say”. With all due respect, these are hypothetical numbers, and likely incorrect (see above). They appear designed to fit the following graph, based loosely on a couple of old and highly controversial studies and a couple of anecdotal reports. One cannot come to any conclusions, let alone what Paul is calling plausible, from those studies. There are a multitude of studies easily found that show the opposite; that eating a high carbohydrate diet is associated with raising fasting and post prandial glucose.

Just for fun, I decided to see where these fasting glucose levels show up on the mortality plot from Balkau et al:

The 20% carb diet lines up pretty well with the mortality minimum, and both high-carb and very low-carb diets wind up at bins with slightly elevated mortality.

…only when, shall we say, imaginative numbers are used.. and again, no insulin results. Also see my study cited also below that shows a resultant average fasting glucose of 99 mg/dl on my very low carb diet associated with great insulin and leptin results (cutting nearly in half!).

Now, I don’t believe we can infer from data on high-carb dieters what the relationship between blood glucose levels and mortality will be in low-carb dieters. It was Dr Rosedale, not me, who introduced this study into evidence.

But if we believe that lowest mortality really does occur with 2-hr post-challenge blood glucose around 100 mg/dl and fasting blood glucose below 100 mg/dl, as argued by the studies Dr Rosedale cited, and that this result applies to low-carb dieters, then I think the evidence is clear. One must eat some carbohydrates – at least 20-30% of energy.

…Whoa. That conclusion is hardly warranted. What the overwhelming preponderance of evidence had shown, and what the conclusions by the authors themselves had shown, is that there is no specific threshold for glucose below which is healthy. Raising glucose above baseline increases indexes of disease and mortality. That is all that can be concluded. More than that is speculation from using studies (a 65% corn oil diet?!) that I doubt Jaminet has faith in either. Regardless, there are way too many studies that show the opposite; that eating glucose and glucose forming foods impair glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and worsens diabetes, if not being a major etiologic factor, to draw opposing conclusions.

This is the standard Perfect Health Diet recommendation. It seems that Dr Rosedale is supporting my diet, not his!

Oh No.. Keep me away from that Kool Aid!!

What About Diabetics?

Perhaps the boldest passage in Dr Rosedale’s reply was this:

“We are all metabolically damaged to some extent. None of us has perfect insulin and leptin sensitivity…. It is for that reason that I say that we all have diabetes, some more than others, and should all be treated as such.”

Well, if we all have diabetes, more or less, then I guess I have to consider whether our regular diet – which recommends about 20% of energy (400 calories) as carbs – is healthy for diabetics.

Now, before I begin this discussion, let me say that I don’t claim that this is optimal for diabetics. I think it is still an open question what the optimal diet for diabetics is, and different diabetics may experience a different optimum. I have often said that diabetics may benefit from going lower carb (and possibly higher protein) than our regular dietary recommendations. However, Dr Rosedale is here saying that even a healthy non-diabetic should eat a diet that is appropriate for diabetics. I want to see whether our regular diet meets that standard.

How do diabetics do on a 20% carb diet? Here’s some data that I found in a post by Stephan Guyenet at Whole Health Source. It’s from a 2004 study by Gannon & Nuttall (http://pmid.us/15331548) and the graph is from a later paper by Volek & Feinman (http://pmid.us/16288655/). Over a 24 hour period, blood glucose levels were tracked in Type II diabetics on their usual diets (blue and grey triangles) and after 5 weeks on a 55% carb – 15% protein – 30% fat (yellow circles) or 20% carb – 30% protein – 50% fat diet (blue circles):

The low-carb diet was a little higher in protein and lower in fat than we would recommend, but very close overall to our recommendations and spot-on in carbs.

What happened to blood glucose? It came close to non-diabetic levels. Fasting blood glucose dropped to 7 mmol/l (126 mg/dl), roughly the level at which diabetes is diagnosed. Postprandial blood glucose elevations were modest – peaking below 160 mg/dl which is about 20 mg/dl higher than in normal persons. Average daily blood glucose looks to be around 125 mg/dl.

What would have happened on a zero-carb diet? Fasting blood glucose probably would still have been elevated, near 126 mg/dl;

That’s fairly fanciful, and I don’t agree that lowering carbs further would start raising blood glucose. The opposite will typically happen. See Cahill cited below and in my Jimmy Moore post. Starvation (0 carb) lowers glucose dramatically. Properly implemented, lowering carbohydrates leads to further improvements. Regardless, no one is really recommending a 0 carbohydrate diet, as this would have to be laboratory fabricated. However, what my experience has been with my VLC (very low carb) and higher fat diet, is that fasting and post prandial glucose become further improved, into completely healthy, non-diabetic, non impaired glucose tolerant ranges. I do not and have not disputed that Paul’s diet may lead to (much) better results than the french fries (whoops, potatoes allowed by Paul) and coke diet that the average person may eat. But to make it “perfect”, the starch consumption would need to be reduced.

It is interesting that Jaminet would use Jeff Volek for support. I am quite familiar with Jeff and his work through Eric Westman who has collaborated with Jeff often and me previously; he is a co-author on my paper cited here. It is extremely unlikely that Jeff (or Eric) would agree with that statement or Jaminet’s conclusions about a very low carbohydrate diet raising blood glucose.

Aside from having higher protein than I would recommend, this is close to my diet..

Volek’s VLCD; Protein ~28%, Carbohydrate 7% (39 gms), Fat (%) 64

“…there were significant decreases in insulin (28%) and leptin (64%) concentration after the VLCKD [very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet]. Postprandial insulin responses immediately after the fat-rich meal were significantly lower after the VLCKD.

…Another consistent effect we have seen in our studies is a reduction in fasting glucose and insulin [on a VLCD]… Fasting glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance were all significantly lower after the VLCKD compared with the low-fat diet…we propose that VLCKD may be particularly suitable for preventing and treating metabolic syndrome.”

And in;

Lipids 2009 Apr;44(4):297-309. Epub 2008 Dec 12.

Carbohydrate restriction has a more favorable impact on the metabolic syndrome than a low fat diet.

…this is common in diabetics because the loss of pancreatic beta cells creates a glucagon/insulin imbalance that leads to elevated fasting blood glucose. This blood glucose level would have been maintained throughout most of the day, with the postprandial peaks and troughs flattening. Average daily blood glucose level would have been similar to that on the 20% carb diet.

There are too many “would have” speculations (likely false) in this argument. I believe that I was the first person to use a low carbohydrate, relatively high-fat diet to treat diabetics and taught most of the others in one way or another who are doing this today, And I will emphatically say that lowering carbohydrates as much as possible, without the consumption of excess protein, is by far the best way to lower glucose and insulin (and leptin), i.e. to reverse insulin (and leptin) resistance, and in fact to frequently totally reverse the disease of T2 diabetes (or impaired glucose tolerance). Any additional carbohydrate or protein will adversely affect these results. I do believe that if Paul were to treat diabetics and compare results, his ideas would be quite different.

So the big benefit, in terms of glycemic control for diabetics, comes from reducing carbs from 55% to 20%. Further reductions in carb intake do not reduce average 24 hour blood glucose levels, but may reduce postprandial glucose spikes.[my emphasis]

I am happy that Jaminet said that, since reducing glucose spikes may be even more important than reducing fasting glucose. There are in fact quite a few articles that are now showing that spikes in glucose are worse than steady high glucose. Here’s one;

Glucose oscillations, more than constant high glucose, induce p53 activation and a metabolic memory in human endothelial cells

Schisano, Diabetologia, Volume 54, Number 5, 1219-1226

“Conclusions/interpretation;Exposure to oscillating glucose was more deleterious than constant high glucose and induced a metabolic memory after glucose normalisation. Hyperactivation of p53 during glucose oscillation might be due to the absence of consistent feedback inhibition during each glucose spike and might account for the worse outcome of this condition.”

And another;

Effects of intermittent high glucose on oxidative stress in endothelial cells.

Qin-Min Ge, Acta Diabetologica, Volume 47, Supplement 1, 97-103

“Intermittent high glucose induced a greater over-production of ROS [reactive oxygen species] than constant high glucose…and may be involved in the development of vascular complications.”

…and I do not think that I need to show studies that eating ‘safe starches’ such as rice and potatoes will spike and oscillate blood glucose…The glycemic index again shows that well.

I switched from the Atkins Induction diet to the Perfect Health Diet. I have been eating rice, potatoes, bananas, and other safe starches ever since, as well as fermented dairy products, such as plain, whole milk yogurt. I have also slowly lost another seven pounds. I enthusiastically recommend the book, Perfect Health Diet by Paul and Shou-Ching Jaminet.

Today, my fasting blood glucose reading was 105. Note that since following the Perfect Health Diet, my fasting blood glucose reading has gone down. Previously, I was suffering from the “dawn phenomenon.” My blood glucose levels overall were well below 140 one hour after a meal and 120 two hours after a meal. Only my fasting BG reading was out of whack, usually between 120 and 130, first thing in the morning.

For dinner tonight, I had a fatty pork rib, green beans, and a small baked potato with butter and sour cream. For dessert, I had a half cup of vanilla ice cream. One hour after eating, my blood glucose level was 128 and two hours after, it was 112.

So not only am I losing weight on the Perfect Health Diet, my blood glucose levels have actually improved, thanks to the increased carbs counteracting the dawn phenomenon, just as Dr. Kurt Harris (another proponent of safe starches) said it would.

So for me, as a type II diabetic, this “safe starches” exclusion is pointless…. [D]espite the type II diabetes, I am doing just fine on the Perfect Health Diet, thank you. I reject the diabetic exclusion of safe starches.

Note that Newell’s fasting blood glucose went down from 125 to 105 mg/dl when he raised his carb intake from Atkins Induction to Perfect Health Diet levels, and postprandial glucose levels on PHD were no higher than his fasting levels on Atkins Induction. It looks like he reduced blood glucose levels by adding starches to his diet.

Mine is not the Atkins diet. Furthermore Newell’s blood sugar is still not healthy. It appears likely he is talking about his home measurement of glucose being 105. Using Jaminet’s conversion, that would equate to a laboratory serum value of 130 mg/dl, that would still place him very much in the diabetic range; not such a great result. Using a more accurate conversion, it would be 118; still very unhealthy and considered impaired glucose tolerant. It is extremely unfortunate that this is being touted as healthy by Newell himself, who will have to suffer the consequences of being misinformed. Also, do we know what his insulin is? Has it ever even been measured? As I have stated so often; lowering glucose at the expense of raising insulin is doing someone no favors. Newell may be doing better than bad on the surface (only in-so-far as blood glucose levels go), but I consider it a failure if a type II diabetic of mine is not completely reversed, such that healthy blood sugars are obtained without medication and associated with lower insulin. It is so important, that I have to keep repeating it; diabetes is not a disease of blood glucose, but a disease of the signals being given to glucose. These are what need to be treated and measured. Giving only glucose measurements tells me little about the health of a “diabetic”.

To repeat: I’m not claiming that our regular diet, providing 20% of energy from “safe starches,” is optimal for diabetics. I don’t know what the optimal diabetes diet is, and it may be different for different diabetics. But I think there is plentiful evidence that even for diabetics, our “regular” diet is not a bad diet. And for some, it might be optimal.

Here I am happy to finally agree, and it feels good to be able to do so. Jaminet’s diet is certainly not a bad diet, and I hope that I have never given the impression that it is. It is better than most other diets generally being touted. Optimal for some? I can’t say.

I truly believe that the closer that any diet comes to mine, the better it is. This has been shown to me over the last 2 decades of patient experience, the continual outpouring of supporting science, first pertaining to insulin, then leptin, then mTOR and the now very robust science over the last decade pertaining to the biology of aging…and also by the numerous well known low carb diets that have ultimately modified their original programs to try to morph into mine.

It looks like 20% of energy is a sort of magic number for carbs. It:

Why does this magic number, which happens to be the Perfect Health Diet recommendation for carb intake, do so well?

Perhaps a chart will make the science a little clearer.

“Dietary glucose in” (blue) represents the amount of carbs obtained from diet. “The body’s glucose utilization” (maroon) is how much glucose will be put to useful purposes at a given daily carb consumption. Glucose utilization does not vary as strongly as glucose intake.

Actually, glucose utilization can vary tremendously depending on the activity of many hormone levels, including insulin, leptin and their level of sensitivity, cortisol, thyroid, growth hormone. When one eats glucose there will be glucose spikes of varying amplitude, and as shown above, this is particularly detrimental.

At low intakes a deficit is made up by gluconeogenesis (manufacture of glucose from protein) and at high intakes an excess of glucose is destroyed by thermogenesis or conversion of glucose to fat. Where the blue and maroon lines cross, dietary glucose in matches the body’s glucose utilization.

But it is critical to note that this point, where the body’s glucose utilization and needs meet, are a constantly moving target that a person can never consciously know, and therefore one cannot eat accordingly. This is a major point I made in my last response and post on Jimmy’s blog in answer tomy question that I had asked on Paul’s behalf, “Is it healthier to consume the required glucose (though much less required than Paul had assumed) or is it better to let the body manufacture its own needs?” I will repost my answer;

Is it healthier to get the glucose, any glucose, from the diet, or from gluconeogenesis? Is it healthier to eat starches, and in fact go out of one’s way to do it, for the necessary glucose, or is it better to let the body make its own from other sources, i.e. gluconeogenesis via glycerol from fat or from lactate and amino acids.

It first needs to be pointed out that in reality one cannot eat a zero carbohydrate/sugar diet. Although not necessary, one will always eat some sugar or sugar forming carbohydrate even on a good very low carbohydrate (VLC) diet. Even plain green vegetables will have some sugar, as will nuts. However, for purposes of this discussion we will assume that a VLC diet has almost no non-fiber, sugar forming carbohydrates.

Eating rice or potatoes or any bolus of starch will result in at least three adverse consequences in everyone.

#1.They will be quickly converted into glucose that will spill into the circulation in a relatively uncontrolled way raising blood glucose as a bolus…in some more than others, but will raise blood glucose significantly in everyone.

#2. This will raise insulin (if one still has functioning islet cells) and it will raise leptin. This is meant for relatively short-term survival, but not so good and has not evolved for a long, post reproductive and healthy lifespan. The immediate physiological consequences of raising insulin are well known, are in every medical physiology textbook, and was the topic of a talk that I gave 15 years ago “Insulin and its Metabolic Effects“ that is easily found all over the internet. It reduces if not prevents one’s ability to burn fat. This also reduces production of glycerol substrates to make glucose.. It causes fluid retention and sodium retention. It causes vasoconstriction, both increasing blood pressure, etc.

#3. Repeated elevations and insulin and leptin cause insulin and leptin resistance. Now we are into a whole new realm of poor health. Now insulin and leptin are not staying high for a few hours a day, but staying high throughout the entire day…and night, whether one eats or not… Causing more and more insulin and leptin resistance in a vicious cycle until, at least for insulin, the islet cells start burning out…lowering insulin but further raising glucose…and now we are into full-blown diabetes. Raising insulin and leptin repeatedly has extremely adverse consequences that I feel are instrumental in the early onset of virtually all of the chronic diseases of aging and in fact accelerating aging itself..

When glucose is consumed, that bolus of glucose circulates, potentially doing damage before being picked up by the liver for metabolism and controlled redistribution.

Eating starch and therefore a bolus of glucose will, at least to some extent, by spiking blood glucose, insulin, and leptin, mimic the stress response. I, for one, do not need any help with that.

When, however, the liver makes the requisite glucose, the amount and distribution is immediately regulated. The liver will only make what is necessary…unless it has become resistant to signals that tell it what to do, as in insulin and leptin resistance brought about from spiking those hormones by constantly eating boluses of glucose/starch.

Under typical, non stressed conditions, there is far less of an insulin and leptin excursion if glucose is made via gluconeogenesis then if taken by diet. In fact, one of the major signals to shut off gluconeogenesis is elevated insulin.

The ancient, deep brain (as opposed to cortex) and body knows its constantly changing, biologically complex needs far better than ‘thinking’ we do and if kept healthy, will only make the glucose that is necessary. I would far prefer to keep my liver sensitive to the bodies’ signals and let it do its thing, than to think for one minute that I could outthink it by forcing 400 cal. glucose daily [or even 600 cal.]

For most sedentary adults, this level will be around 600 carb calories per day.

Not so. A VLC well adapted person has a glucose requirement closer to 300 cal, all of which can easily come from non carbohydrate sources, including glycerol from fat and recycled lactose. See Cahill and my entire last post on Jimmy’s site.

We recommend eating close to or slightly below this point (“PHD Recommendation”).

There are dangers in straying too far from this intersection point:

Eating too few carbs creates a risk of health impairment due to insufficient glucose or protein.

Jaminet is speaking here I assume about what he had previously referred to as “glucose deficiency”. I had refuted the existence of this quite thoroughly in that last post on Jimmy Moore’s blog. There is no such entity in a non clinically hypoglycemic individual. As opposed to my repeating this here, those interested should refer back to that last response.

As far as too few carbs creating insufficient protein; I don’t get the connection there.

I totally agree. That’s twice in one day…on a roll… though I would argue that consistently eating 600 cal. glucose forming carbs and even less will at least sometimes, if not nearly always, cause unhealthy fluctuations in blood glucose.

Hitting just below the intersection is a safe, low-stress point which will work well for most people.

I would move that intersection considerably to the left.

For diabetics, the excess glucose disposal pathways are broken. However, this is not a major problem if you have no excess glucose to dispose of. Eating up to 20% of calories from carbs doesn’t require the use of disposal pathways – glucose can be stored as glycogen and then released as needed, so the effect of dietary glucose is primarily to reduce the amount of gluconeogenesis. Suppressing gluconeogenesis requires some residual insulin secretion ability, so Type I diabetics cannot achieve this, but most Type IIs can.

The upshot: A 20% carb diet meets the body’s glucose needs without much risk of hyperglycemic toxicity even in diabetics.

I see the shift starting to happen…from a 20% carb diet being healthiest, to now resulting in not too much risk. Just a little more time may be needed for Paul to come over to my camp. As I’ve said, it takes a little time to adapt to my diet; even conceptually…

The Issue of Thyroid Hormones and Anti-Aging

The most distinctive element of Dr. Rosedale’s diet is its emphasis on longevity as the supreme measure of health, and its emphasis on calorie restriction (especially, carb and protein restriction) and metabolic suppression as the means to long life.

Dr. Rosedale rejects evolutionary selection as a helpful criterion, since evolution did not necessarily select for longevity:

[Rosedale says], “If we evolved in a certain way and with certain physiologic responses to the way we eat, it was not for a long, healthy, post-reproductive lifespan. It was for reproductive success. The two are not at all synonymous, in fact often antagonistic. We have no footsteps to follow as far as the best way to eat for long healthy post reproductive life. We can only use the best science pertaining to the biology of aging and apply it to proper nutrition. That is what I feel I am doing.”

We actually share much of Dr Rosedale’s perspective on what influences longevity; it is for longevity that we recommend slightly under-eating carb and protein compared to what evolution selects for. However, we don’t go as far in that direction as Dr Rosedale does.

We have written of the suppression of T3 thyroid hormone levels which is part of the body’s strategy for conserving glucose in times of scarcity, and how this is a risk factor for “euthyroid sick syndrome.” See Carbohydrates and the Thyroid, Aug 24, 2011.

Dr Rosedale acknowledges this (I am not acknowledging that this leads to euthyroid sick thyroid syndrome; quite the opposite) and believes it to be beneficial:

[Rosedale says], “I believe that Jaminet and most others misunderstand the physiologic response to low glucose, and the true meaning of low thyroid. Glucose scarcity (deficiency may be a misnomer) elicits an evolutionary response to perceived low fuel availability. This results in a shift in genetic expression to allow that organism to better survive the perceived famine…. As part of this genetic expression, and as part and parcel of nature’s mechanism to allow the maintenance of health and actually reduce the rate of aging, certain events will take place as seen in caloric restricted animals. These include a reduction in serum glucose, insulin, leptin, and free T3…The reduction in free T3 is of great benefit, reducing temperature, metabolic damage and decreasing catabolism…. We are not talking about a hypothyroid condition. It is a purposeful reduction in thyroid activity to elicit health. Yes, reverse T3 is increased, as this is a normal, healthy, physiologic mechanism to reduce thyroid activity.”

This is an explanation of why this is not “sick thyroid”.

Note that Dr Rosedale acknowledges that his glucose-scarce diet reduces body temperature. Many Rosedale dieters have had this experience. Darrin didn’t like it:

“The best place to measure is under the tongue. Ideal basal temperature is what you have when you first wake up in the morning, and on the Rosedale diet should be upper 96′s lower 97′s. We have found that when someone starts our diet, their basal temperature will go down about 1-2 degrees Fahrenheit which is a great improvement”.

Personally, i did not feel good on a lower body temp when i was low carb (sub 50g) & have been working hard (following phd diet & supps) to get my body temp back up. i would say my basal/morning oral temp is now around the 97.5F on average (up from around 96.5F average pre PHD).

As far as Darrin; I have not known anyone who had difficulty in maintaining my diet because of low body temperature that was not hypothyroid (from disease) or had deficient adrenal function. The fact that he had to work hard to get his temperature up leads me to believe that there were/are other problems involved, as getting temperature higher is typically extremely easy and can happen in as short as one day by eating more carbs. This should be looked into.

As stated before, single anecdotal stories are not very good science. I have literally hundreds of testimonies indicating extreme benefit when switching to my diet from many other diets.

Again, I am not talking about a sick thyroid. I am not talking about a thyroid that is low because it has to be, or a body temperature that is low because the body does not have enough lean mass or proper physiology to maintain a higher temperature, which is all that the above examples and studies indicate. I am not talking about hypothyroidism. I am talking about a thyroid that is purposefully being lowered to enhance the wellness and survivability of that life. Please understand that this is very different. One is very healthy; one is very not.

This is analogous to fasting insulin. Almost always, a high fasting insulin indicates insulin resistance and poor health. Properly treated, fasting insulin goes down and the person is healthier. You don’t say that that person now has a sick pancreas. The same is true for thyroid. As part and parcel of making that person healthier, fasting insulin is reduced, fasting leptin is reduced, and so is free T3 reduced.

Also, as in my previous post, temperature must be orchestrated for maximal health. As we age, one of the major problems is that our temperature does not go as high with infection as it did when we were children. This is what can predispose to serious infection. My diet does not relegate people to low temperature. It keeps temperature a little bit lower when that is healthiest, but does not prevent a rise in temperature, a fever, when necessary as with infection, but instead would promote it. This is very healthy. Having a “fever” when not necessary, and is promoted by the thermogenesis of burning ‘healthy starches’ and excess protein is what is not.

Readers of our book know that we think infections are a major factor in aging and premature death. Whether a diet so restricted in carbs that it significantly lowers body temperature is really optimal for longevity is, I think, open to question.

it is extremely important to have the confusion and misunderstanding by many if not most in the medical and health community of the true meaning of free T3 and body temperature being lowered, resolved.

In caloric restricted animals where body temperature and free T3 goes down, the immune response is markedly increased, and their mortality rate is well known to be significantly reduced while lifespan significantly increased. There is also a huge reduction in autoimmune diseases, secondary to improving immune function, not lowering it. The reason for the difference between the sick thyroid in the above-cited studies and the healthy thyroid in CR and my diet, is the reason that T-3 and body temperature is being lowered. In the former, it is being lowered because of sickness not because it generally is causing the sickness (though it may also). Certainly I can give the more extreme example that body temperature is lower when one is dead. In calorie restricted animals and in those on my diet, on the other hand, free T3 and body temperature are reduced as part and parcel of a shift in genetic expression towards maintenance, repair, and longevity, in the same way that the temperature of your car is reduced when it is functioning best; when it is getting the best mileage, has the best acceleration, and where the engine will live longest. In both cases, it is making the best use of available resources, and wanting to reduce waste. In the former, thyroid is low because it is sick. In the latter, and with my diet, thyroid goes lower to keep one healthy. If the car is running hotter, you know that is sick. It does so because it must and perhaps better than not running at all.

Furthermore, it is now a fairly well stablished finding that free T3 is reduced in centenarians. One example;

“A cross-section analysis of FT3 age-related changes in a group of old and oldest-old subjects, including centenarians’ relatives, shows that a down-regulated thyroid function has a familial component and is related to longevity”

Andrea Corsonello, et al

Age and Ageing 2010; 39: 723–727

“Down-regulation of thyroid hormones, due to either genetic predisposition or resetting of thyroid function [emphasis mine], favours longevity.”

The key is that we can reset our thyroid function to be that of centenarians, even if we were not so genetically predisposed. We can make our own luck, but not by adding carbohydrates..

If ketosis is an indication of fatty acid utilization as fuel, and if this is a marker of a shift in metabolism towards that seen in caloric restriction that has been shown to confer tremendous health benefits including longevity, then what Cahill states in his previously cited paper must be strongly noted; as little as 100 grms. of carbohydrate (that Jaminet recommends) will prevent this.

Fuel Metabolism in Starvation

Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2006.26:1-22.

George F. Cahill, Jr.

Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School

There is a plausible case to be made for the Rosedale diet as a diet that sacrifices certain aspects of current health in the hope of extending lifespan. It cannot however claim to be the optimal diet for everyone. It is certainly not optimized for fertility, athleticism, or immunity against infections.

I suppose my diet may not be optimized for every single person, but not for the reasons that Jaminet states. Those with impaired digestive function, that produce insufficient lipase or bile, may have difficulty with a high fat diet, but this would pertain to Paul’s diet also. As far as the fertility, immunity, and athletic performance; ‘The Rosedale Diet’ actually improves fertility and immunity compared to a higher carbohydrate diet, and can be excellent for sports, with certain adjustments, depending on the type. The control of leptin is essential for immune function and fertility, and many studies show this.

Both Paul and I are asking people to sacrifice a little for the reward of better health. I may be asking for a little bit more (and that is debatable as ones addiction and desire areas of the brain become rewired as leptin is lowered), but I believe that the reward is exponential as one follows a diet that I have recommended, lowering non-fiber carbs as much as possible.

After all, we are not talking about a better health diet. We are talking about an optimal diet, a “Perfect Health” diet, as it were. That diet, as far as promoting a long, healthy and happy life would be as I have recommended for so many years, and would entail reducing consumption of sugars and starch as much as possible.

Jaminet Conclusion;

I am sympathetic to the broad perspective that underlies Dr Rosedale’s diet. Both our diets are low-carb, low-protein, and high-fat, and studies of longevity are the biggest factor motivating the recommendation to eat a fat-rich diet.

Thank you, and I agree…and ultimately, when this ‘debate’ settles down, we should join to fight the much larger battle against those recommending and even prescribing a low fat, high carbohydrate diet to the masses, that I think we both believe is largely contributory to the epidemic of chronic disease worldwide.

However, Dr Rosedale takes low-carb and low-protein dieting to an extreme that I think is not well supported by the evidence.

Not exactly. As often previously stated, the major detriment of Jaminet’s diet are the spikes in glucose, insulin, and leptin that his diet results in, and the resultant contribution to insulin and leptin resistance. Unfortunately, this has been addressed only to a minor degree. I do agree, that this would happen less on Paul’s diet then the typical American diet, but considerably more than with the diet I recommend.

Neither claim is supported. Mortality is a U-shaped function of blood glucose and blood glucose levels around 90 to 100 mg/dl are healthiest, not low blood glucose levels. Moreover, the diet that delivers the lowest blood glucose levels is a high-carb, insulin-sensitizing diet, such as the Kitavans eat, not a low-carb diet.

This last statement is highly debatable, likely false, and disputed by many researchers and studies, some of which I have previously cited. A high carb diet only appears to be insulin sensitizing if compared to an even worse diet. Otherwise the phrase, “a high carb, insulin sensitizing diet”, is an oxymoron.

Calorie restriction results in very low blood glucose… and enhanced health and longevity. Furthermore,… Paul has just told us that the lowest blood glucose levels are not healthy, and yet cites the Kitivans with very low fasting BG for being so healthy. I’m confused.

If I truly believed Dr Rosedale’s argument for lower blood glucose, he would have persuaded me to eat a high-carb Kitavan-style diet. However, I am not persuaded.

A 20% carb diet, while not optimal for every single person, is healthy for nearly everyone. Twenty percent may be the best single prediction of the optimal carb intake for the population as a whole. Even diabetics can do well eating 20% carbs.

And that is why we recommend moderate consumption of safe starches.

While I maintain that fasting glucose is a much poorer index compared to measuring glucose excursions and insulin and leptin resistance, I must again show results from my own study;

Here the fasting glucose on my diet fell to 99 mg/dl or that value that Jaminet says indicates the healthiest of diets, but here this occurs concurrent with lowering insulin and leptin, indicating much improved insulin and leptin sensitivity.

Rosedale Summary and Conclusions;

The studies and statements presented in my Jimmy Moore post and here should be understood by what they altogether point to.

1) The requirement for glucose is much less, even half of what Paul has indicated.

2) These requirements can easily be met without the consumption of a single gram of glucose in a very low carbohydrate adapted individual.

3) There is no such thing as a glucose deficiency.

4) Any excursion of glucose above baseline will result in some increment of damage and/or mortality. There is no threshold.

5) Repeated excursions of glucose above baseline cause excursions of insulin and leptin, and repeated excursions of these contribute to, if not cause insulin and leptin resistance, and this results in a significant acceleration of the chronic diseases of aging and aging itself. This is the major significance and detriment of eating a food that raises blood glucose.

6) One can’t pin one’s hope on only doing what is natural. Post reproductive death is extremely natural. We can only rely on science, especially the science of the biology of aging, to show how to live a long, post-reproductive lifespan. We have no footsteps to follow. Not the Kitavans, not the Okinawans.

7) We all have some degree of metabolic derangements including insulin and leptin resistance, and this really should be considered the hallmark of diabetes. We should therefore all be treated as such, especially with a diet known to improve those parameters as much as possible. That would be my Rosedale diet, as revealed in the only research paper that I am aware of (cited previously here) that correlates a particular diet with nearly all of the laboratory parameters associated with and perhaps causative of enhanced health and lifespan in a well known model of this, caloric restriction, though without having to caloric restrict.

8 ) I talked considerably about the meaning of the purposeful genetic expression of reduced thyroid levels that my Rosedale Diet accomplishes, particularly reduced free T3, and especially as it relates to point 7 above.

Jaminet’s major emphasis in this blog is the significance of fasting and 2 hr post prandial glucose. Unfortunately, that is likely the least important variable pertaining to glucose, insulin, leptin that is influenced by diet. There are many determinants of fasting blood glucose; sleep patterns, cortisol, sympathetic overdrive, growth hormone, to name but a few, that not only raise blood glucose but may increase mortality irrespective of blood glucose. I had used some studies of glucose levels to merely show a lack of toxic threshold.

Furthermore, I have shown that oscillations in glucose that undeniably occur after the consumption of ‘safe starches’, as any table of glycemic index would show, may result in damage to a more significant extent than even elevated fasting glucose.

Much of Jaminet’s argument is illustrated by his statement,

“Studies confirm that high-carb diets tend to lower fasting glucose and to lower the blood glucose response to a glucose challenge.”

Studies do not confirm anything of the sort. One study cited by Paul supports only that if a person eats a very high carbohydrate diet containing the equivalent of 22 tablespoons of Metamucil made up by a lab and eaten under supervision, that it can lead to some improvement over a standard American diet eaten at home, especially if that study is funded by large corporations with a huge financial interest in the outcome. This only serves as an example of the very poor science that permeates medicine and nutrition that unfortunately often is not realized…as does the other study that Jaminet uses to illustrate his point, where a high carbohydrate diet is compared to a low carbohydrate diet, and where the difference in calories is made up by force feeding 65% calories from corn oil. Moreover, it is confusing that this statement is made to support Jaminet’s diet, since he does not recommend a high carbohydrate diet, but a diet containing only a moderate consumption of ‘safe starches’ that these studies did not come close to following.

Furthermore, the support that Jaminet is able to muster from other articles he presents, is only derived by his improbable assumption that, since glucose spikes were not measured, that they mustn’t have ever gone above 140 mg/dl. Further ‘support’ was only secondary to a large error in conversion between blood and plasma glucose.

I believe the only conclusion that can be drawn from these and related studies that were presented, is the same as the authors’ conclusions; that fasting and 2 hr. glucose above some number, 100 mg/dl?, 105 mg/dl?, is correlated with some incremental degree of damage and/or mortality, and this is considerably less than 140 mg/dL that Jaminet has said is safe.

Little argument is given about the detrimental effects of eating ‘safe starches’ and glucose spikes on raising insulin, and resultant insulin resistance, with the exception of the (very poor) study that compared people eating a standard American diet to those eating a controlled, very high fiber (22 tablespoons!) diet, in which the latter did predictably better. I’m still not sure what the relevance of that study is.

Nothing was mentioned about leptin.

I believe that all of the 8 points that I have stated above are still standing strong, with little evidence to the contrary.

Further arguments given by Jaminet misinterpret the concept I had presented of the natural selection of reproductive success over a long post reproductive lifespan. He assumes that my diet would impair fertility, when, in fact proper leptin signaling, that my diet has been shown to promote, is essential to fertility. However the concept that nature doesn’t much care whether we live a long, healthy (post-reproductive) life is important, in that it tells us that we should not necessarily copy what we perceive to be natural. After all, hemlock is natural. So is dying.

So now, let’s take this debate deeper, and where it belongs.

Though nature doesn’t care whether we live a long, healthy life, nature does want us to live long enough to make (and raise) babies. We can use nature’s secrets about how to stay alive and healthy to make babies, and apply those secrets to post reproductive years, so that we can also live a younger and longer post reproductive life, whether nature cares about that or not.

We have no footsteps to follow in that quest, but must use the best science currently available related to a long and healthy life.

That gets us to the main issue and most important question that I had asked earlier;

Is there a diet (Rosedale’s or Paul’s) or glucose (starch) intake that can better maximize the repair/damage ratio that life, health, and youthful longevity depends on? Has this been answered here yet?

A little bit, as it pertains to thyroid. Paul has said that his diet would not have the effects on thyroid as my diet, namely lowering T3, and he is likely right; see below. However, though Paul thinks lowering thyroid is disadvantageous, it is far from; in fact quite the opposite. The purposeful lowering of thyroid likely helps to mediate metabolic advantages that help confer longevity in centenarians and in calorie restriction. Note that calorie restriction has been shown to greatly improve health and increase maximal lifespan in almost every species studied since the 1930s. The holy grail of aging research (including the giant pharmaceutical corporations) has been to find a way (drug) to mimic the effects of calorie restriction without having to do so. Read on.

In the study cited previously,

[In centenarians] “Down-regulation of thyroid hormones, due to either genetic predisposition or resetting of thyroid function, favours longevity.”

…as my diet has been shown to do.

And the effect of calorie restriction on thyroid;

Effect of Caloric Restriction and Dietary Composition on Serum T3 and Reverse T3 in Man

“Subjects receiving the no-carbohydrate hypocaloric diets for two weeks demonstrated a similar 47% decline in serum T3 [as caloric restriction] … In contrast, the same subjects receiving isocaloric diets containing at least 50 g of carbohydrate showed no significant changes in either T3 or rT3 concentration.”

Very low carbohydrates such as mine has similar effects on thyroid as caloric restriction. Keep in mind that I do not calorie restrict. People are told to eat whenever they are hungry, except for 3 hrs before bedtime.

Of interest is that the authors’ note in this study that the (isocaloric) addition of 50 gm of carbohydrate totally reversed this beneficial effect of lowering T3. Paul recommends at least 100 g of carbohydrate to be added everyday.

Some more clues..

Centenarian indicators of longevity;

Evaluation of neuroendocrine status in longevity.

Neurobiol Aging. 2007; 28(5):774-83

Baranowska B

“Our data revealed several differences in the neuroendocrine and metabolic status of centenarians, compared with other age groups, including the lowest serum concentrations of leptin, insulin and T3…”

Calorie Restriction indicators of longevity;

The Fall in Leptin Concentration Is a Major Determinant of the Metabolic Adaptation Induced by Caloric Restriction Independently of the Changes in Leptin Circadian Rhythms

Leptin is involved in the hormonal regulation of the reproductive, somatotropic, thyroid, and autonomic axes and ultimately in the regulation of energy balance. In parallel to the metabolic adaptation observed in response to caloric restriction (CR), plasma leptin concentrations are substantially decreased…Conclusion: Our results confirm an important role for leptin as an independent determinant of the metabolic adaptation in response to CR.

Note also that the reduction in leptin may be primary to elicit the metabolic adaptations of caloric restriction, including the reduction in thyroid/free T3, and therefore the extreme beneficial effects on health and lifespan.

“This retrospective analysis of patients from a private clinic adhering to a high-fat, low carbohydrate, adequate protein diet [the Rosedale diet] demonstrated reductions in critical metabolic mediators including insulin, leptin, glucose, triglycerides, and free T3… Patients in this study demonstrated a similar directional impact on the measured parameters when compared to studies using more established models of longevity such as caloric restriction.”

We may have found a way to mimic caloric restriction, at least to some extent and any extent is extraordinary. It appears that my diet can mimic the hormonal changes in T3, insulin, and leptin seen in calorie restriction studies that are instrumental to mediate the major physiological and extremely beneficial effects of calorie restriction, but without having to calorie restrict. This could more rightfully be called the perfect diet.

There are no studies that indicate that Jaminet’s diet would have similar benefits. However, there are clues that it would not. Cahill has shown that a carbohydrate intake of 100 grams/day (that coincidently Paul recommends) reverses ketoses, impedes the ability to burn fat, and likely prevents the full physiology and genetic expression of health and longevity as revealed by caloric restriction. Furthermore, adding 50 gm of carbohydrate may at least contribute to reversing the beneficial effect of lowering T3 that mediates much of the advantages of CR, as shown in the above study. Jaminet’s diet adds double that intake. Paul himself claims that his diet doesn’t lower thyroid, as he feels this to be unhealthy.

What is good pertaining to Jaminet’s diet, is that part of it that parallels mine, namely the higher fat and lower carbohydrate. That which is less good is the part of it that deviates from my diet, namely the addition of approximately 100 g of so-called ‘safe starches’ per day. However this is a significant difference in that it may undo the metabolic advantages that are seen in CR.

What is becoming clear, is that a high fat diet, that I believe to be far superior to high carbohydrate, low fat diets, must be accompanied by very low (non fiber) carbohydrate consumption for the deeper health benefits to be realized.

What I believe to be the crystallization of nutritional, biochemical, and biology of aging studies, and what the bottom line really is, is this; one’s health, youthspan, and lifespan, is predicated on burning fat. The more one burns fat as their primary fuel, the healthier and longer will likely be one’s life. Burning glucose will likely lead to far greater disease and a shorter life. Whether one burns glucose or fatty acids, or ketones from fatty acids, will be determined by powerful nutrient sensing hormones particularly insulin and leptin, and to be healthy these must be able to have their messages heard. Eating glucose will raise insulin and raise leptin, will impede the ability to burn fat, and contribute in some degree to progressive insulin and leptin resistance that is a hallmark of accelerated aging and its associated symptoms of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, immunity disorders, brain and neurological diseases, and cancer.

My endeavor has been, and will be, to support ways to ward this off, and so far science has robustly supported a diet such as mine being the best way to do this.

I am very confident that virtually everything I have said for most of the last 20 years will eventually be shown to be correct. Much of it already has; insulin, insulin resistance, leptin resistance, mTOR and excess protein, even reducing calcium intake, and the myths of cholesterol… I have not had to revise my original premises, while most, if not all of the other original low carbohydrate advocates have tried to morph their diets into mine. My assertions and theories of nearly 20 years ago are still standing strong, and have yet to be disproven. Few, if any, in this field can claim that.

I believe that Jaminet’s diet can improve one’s health, but if you want to go to the next frontier, to that frontier where it is possible to slow down the effects of aging and reverse to a great extent many of the chronic diseases of aging, as revealed by calorie restriction and other elegant studies being done by scientists around the world studying the biology of aging, such as Cynthia Kenyon, you will have to take the next step that my diet will take you to. To do this, one has to reduce the consumption of sugar and starch to a further extent than recommended by Paul to be more in line with my recommendations. Adding glucose to my diet, as essentially done by Jaminet, has been shown to undo the beneficial effects (including youthful life extension) of reduced insulin signalling, as revealed by Cynthia Kenyon’s study that we had discussed over lunch many years previously…

Glucose Shortens the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by

Down-Regulating Aquaporin Gene Expression

Seung-Jae Lee, Coleen T. Murphy, and Cynthia Kenyon

Cell Metab. 2009 November ; 10(5): 379–391

“We found that adding a small amount of glucose to the medium (0.1-2%) shortened the lifespan of C. elegans…Together these findings raise the possibility that a low-sugar diet might have beneficial effects on lifespan in higher organisms”

Would I use Jaminet’s diet over the vast majority of diets out there? Yes I would. Would I recommend Jaminet’s “Perfect Health Diet” over my Rosedale Diet? No way..

My email to Paul, that he himself quotes me as saying earlier in his response, especially rings loud and clear;

“At any level of glucose compatible with life some more meaningful degree of glycation, hormonal response and genetic expression will take place. We will always want/need to repair the damage done to stay alive, but with age the repair mechanisms become damaged also. Eventually damage outdoes repair and we ‘age’, acquire chronic disease, and die.”

My diet results not only in less damage, but in greater and prolonged ability to repair that damage, and this is of critical importance. That is the holy grail of diet, the ‘Most Perfect Diet’ so to speak.

Paul has been a wonderful partner in this discourse, allowing me to think about some of these topics that I may have forgotten about during the last 20 years. It has forced me to think about good arguments he has presented and to undertake a refresher course from myself. Our basic premises about diet, as he mentioned, are very similar. We are talking refinements, though important ones. However a much bigger battle looms…with the American Diabetes Association, the American Medical Association, and standard of medical care, that still believes in that archaic and deadly notion that fat is the Darth Vader of health and the primary cause of disease.

It’s time to join forces and shift this debate to them. However, if Paul would like to continue this game of tag, he’s it…and I’m going to Maui…

149 Comments

You talk pretty cavalierly about my health, without knowing a thing about my health history. Nine months ago, my HbA1c was 9.2 and I weighed 309 pounds (I am 6’3″). I read Taubes’ Why We Get Fat and immediately started the diet he described in the back of the book, which I later learned was the Atkins induction phase. Within five months, I had lost 60 pounds and my HbA1c went down first to 7.2 then to 6.1 (my last reading). Then, despite strict adherence to the very low carb induction diet, I stalled, like most people do. I did not lose any more weight for about 12 weeks, and my blood glucose levels plateaued as well. That’s when I discovered the Perfect Health Diet.

Upon starting the PHD, my blood sugar readings dramatically improved again, as described in Jaminet’s post, undoing the stall from the Atkins induction diet. I am 239 pounds now and still progressing. I suspect that if I were one of your patients, you would be touting my weight loss progress and blood glucose progress, rather than criticizing it, as you do in the post above, as “still very unhealthy and considered impaired glucose tolerant.” I still have about 25 pounds to lose to get down to my goal weight, but the weight loss stopped until I started the PHD progress.

So to say I am “still very unhealthy” ignores the dramatic progress that has been achieved in less than nine months. My physician is, frankly, stunned by the health reversal. My Triglycerides/HDL is less than .8 and my HDL has increased substantially. She claims that in 20 years of practice, she has rarely seen such a dramatic change in health in a positive direction.

My general view of physicians is that most of them, even the internists and endocrinologists who should know a thing or two about diabetes are, in general, clueless about diabetes. Calling my progress “still very unhealthy” as you did was like a slap in the face, given my starting point. I am not merely a link or an argument by Paul Jaminet to be refuted, I am a real human being.

…and a human being that deserves to be as healthy as possible, and you are not there yet. It is for people such as yourself that this post was written. It is great that you are doing better, and I had stated that Paul’s diet is a good diet and better that many others. I don’t believe, however, that it will take people to a level of health that mine will. My diet is not the same as Atkins, that allows much higher protein. I said several times that excess protein is particularly adverse, which is why protein grams are the only nutrient that I have people count. You and others must realize that not all very low carb diets are equivalent; the amount of protein and type of fat make a huge difference. I had said in my post that a person might do better on Paul’s diet than one with excessive protein. Again, it is great that you are doing better, though the numbers given are not yet healthy and can yet be improved. This is what you need to understand.

Furthermore, you are illustrating a major point of my blog post. You have not mentioned anything about your insulin numbers. You likely do not know them, and you and your doctor may not know enough to measure them. This is unfortunate. If your starch intake is driving up your insulin to get your morning blood glucose numbers looking better, you have done yourself no favors. I am very confident that if you were on my diet, you would have done better yet. Hopefully you will see this for yourself.

Saying that I talk cavalierly about health and hinting that I know nothing about you or diabetes, when you have never tried my diet or know nearly nothing about me or my history, is really what talking cavalierly and being “clueless” is about.

I know much more about your history and disease than you realize. It is not unlike stories that I have heard countless times before, and I know the history of your disease as well or better than anyone. I talk very seriously and with much thought about health and have totally reversed countless cases of very severe diabetes, being likely the first person to have done so nearly 2 decades ago, and also have reversed many cases of severe coronary disease, heart failure, cancer, and other chronic diseases of aging. I have talked extensively around the world about this for the last 2 decades and ultimately taught the majority of health care practitioners treating diabetics with lower carb diets today. I have also treated people on diets similar to what you are now eating, lowered their carbohydrate and sometimes protein intake further and taken them to the next level of health. I have much more experience with using diet to treat illness than you realize.

I am very happy that you have done better, but we were not just talking better; we were talking best. Isn’t that what you and others deserve?

Wonderful discussion! Yes, it seems the open question is how much starch is “safe” and unlikely to be resolved anytime soon. In my opinion, the level of “safe starch” if one thinks there is a safe level declines and may be at the Rosedale level, as a person ages. We all know you can get away with much while young, but as the human animal ages, i suspect a more perfect diet which means little to no starch may be in order.

Life is a constant battle between damage and repair of that damage. It is true, that our ability to repair damage is greater when we are young, and a major problem is that as we age our damage control mechanisms also become damaged. The time to reduce that damage is as early as possible. Thank you for the excellent comment.

However, you mentioned that “I have actually rarely seen a HbA1C below 5.0 in people on my diet,…”, is there a reason for that ? Shouldn’t people on Rosedale diet have lower fasting/post meal sugar levels, hence lower HbA1C level ? If memory serves me correct, 30% of the general US population have HbA1C lower than 5%, and that’s on Standard American diet !

Maybe it is not as high as 30%, but certainly should not be rare. Maybe you are talking about diabetics only ?

Most of my patients were diabetic, but even in very healthy athletes that I sometimes saw to improve athletic performance, the HbA1C was rarely under 5.2 and that was the low end of the “normal” range standard of the lab that I used. There very well could have been a difference in laboratory methods and standards. I have noticed in recent years that typical average HbA1C is considerably lower than what I had seen… As I mentioned this may be due to differences in laboratory testing.
I appreciate the extra observation.

Can you comment on your diet and coronary artery disease? I have a strong family history and suspect LDL receptor insufficiency. Whether it is low starch or higher starch i generate significant LDL particles; many more small particles with more starch, and with little to no starch very low level of small LDL, but still very high particle count. Do not have hypercholesterolemia, and thyroid and weight all normal.
Do you ever recommend statins?

I never recommend statins.. They will actually impede ejection fraction that is a measure of the ability of your heart to pump blood. This is secondary to the general ability of statins to reduce energy production, possibly through a lowering of CoQ10. I personally feel that particle size is more important than particle number though I do know that articles recently have come out placing more importance on particle number. I strongly suspect that this is because statins do not influence particle size, and many if not most medical “studies” are funded by the pharmaceutical industry to sell drugs.

A study that I recently posted on another blog showed that small, dense LDL particles were much more susceptible to oxidation compared to large particles, and it is becoming fairly well known that oxidized LDL is the fraction that is particularly damaging. There are labs that will measure this, and it might benefit you to have this done, for your own peace of mind. Without knowing the numbers exactly, but from what I have heard, it doesn’t sound like your lipids are worrisome. Thanks for the question.

First of, this is an awesome article. I think respectful, well-researched discussions like these are what will allow us to continually improve our knowledge of the optimal diet (in terms of youthful vitality and life extension). I haven’t read your book yet, but I did just order it. After I describe myself I have some questions, as I think I’m a unique case and am really hoping you can offer some guidance.

The facts: I’m 23, male, 6’1″, 190 lbs with ~8% body fat. I do HIIT 3 days a week and lift heavy (5ish reps, 1-3 min rest, several sets) 3 days a week. I also hike a bit and do the occasional 5-10 mile run (used to be a cross-country runner – now I err on the side of less is more considering emerging evidence on endurance training and heart damage).

So, for this diet it seems like 70g protein/day would be reasonable. My carbohydrate intake will be very low (<100 actual digestible cals/day?) and so my remaining intake will come from fat – at least 2600 calories since I can easily be hungry for 3000+ calories. I currently eat a paleolithic diet with (rough estimates) 220g fat/day, 160g protein/day, and 100g digestible carb/day. I'm also playing with various IF protocols and calorie cycling (I don't count explicitly, just eat more/less alternate days), but that's likely irrelevant here.

Questions:
* Saturated fat intake – yay or nay? I viewed the lists of recommended foods with Amazon's preview functionality and didn't see many saturated fats at the top. I eat a ton of coconut oil currently as I've read it has many benefits.
* Nut intake – I'm going to be getting a ton of omega-6s with most every nut, save Macadamia nuts. I couldn't eat that many anyway since they have a bit of protein. But is omega-6 intake from nuts not a concern? Obtaining a 1:1 o-3:o-6 ratio would be very difficult to obtain eating whole fish while still avoiding the protein limit. I'd have to supplement with fish oil.
* Is this even feasible? From the sounds of it, I'm going to be eating lots of straight oils in order to keep the protein intake at a minimum. How would one eat 3000+ calories/day on a diet like this?

I have plenty of other questions, but I think those, and particularly the last one, are most relevant. I've always had trouble finding recommendations in these diets for fit, young people seeing as the caloric load I need to consume is much higher than for those with metabolic syndrome.

Saturated fats for you would be fine. I suspect you have no trouble burning fat. MCT’s from coconut oil are perhaps the best.

In your case, supplementing with a tablespoon of fish oil/day would be a good idea. This would both add calories and help you burn fat.. Also, with your degree of training, a little bit more protein would not be adverse, perhaps going up to 75 or even 80 g of protein daily. As you mentioned, macadamia nuts would be your friend, especially mixed with other nuts. Avocados and guacamole are also great and good oils on veggies.

Thanks for the response! Very helpful. I’ll try 80g of protein and see how it goes. I already eat a lot of guac – I can also start using more olive oil when I cook/fry veggies. Coconut consumption is no problem seeing as I love curries.

Have you found any research that supports any specific meal timing as most optimal? I’m currently doing a 16hr fast/8hr feed daily eating cycle, with the workout (whether lifting or running) at the very end of the fast soon before I eat. I’m doing it in light of research on the positive effects on IF and fasted training. You’ve likely heard of Martin Berkhan over at leangains.com who blogs about this stuff frequently.

In a similar vein, is there any concern with flooding my system with 150+g of fat at one meal? I will be eating almost 300g of fat/day with my caloric intake.

Dr. Rosedale
I am 5’5″ 125 lb 40 year old female. I have a very sedentary job, but exercise every day for 45 min 1.5 hours after last meal (alternate days HIIT and resistance). For last two years I have not been eating any starchy vegetables (plenty of green salads with half of avocado instead of dressing), but I am having problem optimizing my diet as far as protein/fat ratio. I have noticed that I can not possibly eat 5-10 macadamia or any other nuts. They send me on 5-6 hour binge where I start craving anything in sight (sometimes I give in to this binge, sometimes I do not but in either case it is no fun). Have you ever heard of this effect? Seeds fare a little better but not much. I can snack on chicken breast (2 grilled tenders fill me up for hours), but added to 3 eggs for breakfast and fish at night (I eat a large green salad with half of avocado and half an egg for lunch) I am at twice my protein requirements (19 from eggs, 5 salad, 16 chicken strips for snack, 45 dinner = 95 protein grams). I noticed that when I do that for too long, I do not feel very energetic and feel tired when I wake up. When I substitute a small bowl of oatmeal (1/4 cup dry) with a few blueberries and cherries instead of the eggs for breakfast (hence less protein but waaay more carbs) I start feeling better. I completely buy all your arguments in favor of low carb, adequate protein, high fat diet, and think that too much protein keep sending me back to oatmeal, but can you please help me with no-protein no-carb snack ideas other than nuts and seeds?

Hi. Firstly, you have your timing of meals off completely. The human being is designed to workout while fasting. Do not eat anything but green vegetables, and berries during the day. Workout in the late afternoon then eat as much as you want of the fatty foods. Problem solved.

The Life Extension physician's first words when he spoke to me to review these labs were: "How'd you get your insulin level so low?" I had been following a very low fat (around 20 gms/day) low glycemic index plant-based diet for over 9 months (PCRM). (It also happens to be a very low AGE/ALE diet and is very high in fiber that GI flora convert to butyric acid. Both of these dietary factors significantly improve insulin sensitivity.) My only minor concern was my A1c, which was 5.7. I have been continuing to read research articles and monitor my fasting BGs intermittently to help me home in on what factors keep my fasting BG consistently in the 80's on an Accucheck Aviva meter. I believe I'm finally there (!) and am hoping my next A1c will be below 5.5.

If you are interested in seeing my lipid panel and FBG on a low carb diet (~100 gms total carbs/day) vs a very low fat diet, I'll email you a link to that information. Bottom line is: both FBG and lipids are lower on the very low fat diet.

Final note: I had some repeat lab work on 9/21/2010. I had been concerned that my insulin level was SO low, that maybe I was somehow on the verge of developing diabetes. I increased my fat intake – slightly. A1c was 5.6 and c-peptide 1.3 and FBG 83. HOMA2%B was 108.1, HOMA2%S was 107.9, IR 0.9. I was glad to see it only took a small bump up in dietary fats (like a couple nuts a day) for my HOMA2 to shift back to more typical values. I feel reassured that it's OK to keep my fat intake to minimum requirements, at least most of the time, in order to maintain optimal (?) insulin sensitivity.

If a person is on thyroid meds that contain T3 such as Armour or Cytomel or Naturethroid etc and is also following your diet, how can one monitor thyroid hormone levels if your diet produces a reduction in T3 and drop in body temp? I’m wondering if the lowered labs and body temp drop may confuse my doc and make him think that I need an increase in meds.

I have a question about intermittent fasting and control of insulin/leptin. I have been experimenting with “fast 5″ eating where you consume all calories in a five hour window and no calories for 19 hours. There are others schemes such as alternate day fasting or fasting on or 2 days per week. It can be tough, but not that bad if you do not have diabeties.

I am a 60 Y.O. fat guy, but I do keep quite active and have a large muscle mass.

In your opinion, you think that these methods could mimic the effects of the Rosedale diet? I appreciate that going face down on a lot of carbs at night is going to be a big hit on insulin spikes. But what about staying with mostly fat and protein whilie limiting carbs to a single hit of <100 grams in an evening meal?

The benefits of fasting are in not burning protein as fuel i.e. not having excess in any 4-6 hour period, and in not having non-fiber carbs. This mimics caloric restriction. Anything outside of that does not. Having close to 100 gm of carbohydrate, especially close to bedtime would essentially turn off caloric restriction for at least a third of the day. If you had fewer carbs, and exercised them off immediately afterward, you maybe could get away with it.

“‘The Rosedale Diet’ … can be excellent for sports, with certain adjustments, depending on the type.” … “If you had fewer carbs, and exercised them off immediately afterward, you maybe could get away with it.” Is this what you mean by “certain adjustments” to your diet in order to perform at a high-level during intense exercise and sports? Could you give any further guidelines on how to implement these adjustments? Thank you!

We just answered a similar question on our helpline; question was about endurance sport – like riding a bicycle for 4-6 Hours (100km – 150km) or even more.
During this kind of activity I burn some where between 600-800 calories per hour.

Our response was; It depends if you are eating for health or eating to win the race. If you are well trained athletes then you can go up to 75% of maximum effort without requiring anaerobic fuel, the type of exercise you are referring to would seem to qualify for this. During a race a biologically readily available fuel source is MCT’s such as found in coconut oil. For competitive events carbohydrate loading the day before can sometimes lead to better performance by increasing glycogen stores. However, training should be on a very low carbohydrate diet.

For optimal health, everyone needs to be very good at burning fat. Athletes also have to be able to burn glucose when necessary, that generally means for anaerobic, high-intensity activity, such as sprinting. Training under low carbohydrate conditions increases the percent of maximal activity where you still can burn fat before having to burn glucose. This is what you want since your body stores very little glucose relative to fat. So, for endurance sports you should train under low carbohydrate conditions, and the night before a big event you can carbohydrate load to store glycogen. For more high-intensity sports such as sprinting, the ability to burn glucose immediately is important. Therefore, carbohydrates prior to sprint training might also be desirable. It needs to be noted that what we are talking about here is athletic performance, and not necessarily health. For optimal health one should eat as few glucose forming carbohydrates as possible. I hope this helps.

Dr Rosedale:
Both the Japanese and French have starch in the diet and are among the healthiest populations on the planet. While they do not gorge on starch perhaps like the Southern Indian population you have mentioned, in my visits to both these countries, rice and wheat,etc is consumed. What is not consumed is lots of Omega 6 fatty acids, and low fructose. So, maybe no need for complete elimination of starch, but inclusion or exclusion of starch based on one’s particular health circumstances; otherwise, are we not in a dogmatic dialogue that has gotten so many of us in trouble?

Also, i have heard stories of thyroid and other issues, dry skin, for example experienced by those who completely eliminate starch. Thank you for your work

Hi Steve, Japanese and French; healthy compared to whom?..not truly healthy, but healthier than us. As far as population studies, see comment above. As far as individuality; we all have much more in common, than we do differences, and we must first get that right. For instance, all people see essentially the same way with different colored irises. All people, in fact all animals, will raise their blood glucose after eating it, and if they have any intact islet cells, they will elevate insulin also. The differences lie only in how much they will raise glucose and insulin and accumulate more damage, not whether they will or not. The best science lies in synthesizing differences into commonalities. I appreciate the comment.

Can we simply say that the Low Fasting Insulin levels (Avg 3.5uIU/ml) of Kitavans is due to Coconut oil? Stephan who generally eats High Carb has an insulin level of 2.3uIU/ml. How is it possible if they are eating lots of carbs and glucose causes insulin resistance. I guess he also eats a lot of coconuts.

So is it OK to eat wheat along with Coconuts and coconut oil.

I believe all the current research comparing low carb and high carb diets use wheat and sugar in studies showing low carb diets are better. While refined oils and hydrogenated fats are used in research showing high carb is better.

Is it not possible that actually glucose does not cause the leptin and insulin impairment but the other things in the normal SAD diet that causes it?

Is it not that humans evolved in Africa, and starchy tubers, vegetables and fruits would have been plentiful there?

Do we have an unbiased research that actually compares a very low carb high fat moderate protein diet and a moderate carb diet with high fat and moderate protein, without grains and legumes, possibly using rice as an exception. How can we distinguish between these two without any such research? How can we actually blame just carbs in the diet?

It is true that excess insulin will cause damage, but if high carb diet does not cause excess insulin as in the case of Kitavan or Stephan, why would carbs be harmful. Why do you single out insulin only, when any hormonal disorder will cause problems?

I understand that a low carb diet is great, for reducing the insulin levels and glucose levels. There is a possibility of a person getting cured, atleast the normal people not yet diabetic. If the person can handle more carbs in the diet, without raising BG levels, why not eat more carbs.

You are blaming carbs even though sufficient evidence is not there, and there is evidence to the contrary.

Hi Anand, It is glucose, insulin and leptin elevations above baseline that I feel cause most of the damage, and it is the long term damage that I am more concerned about. Stephan is far from long term yet, the Kitavans eat generally 1 major meal daily I have read, and therefore protein restrict for most of the day, and who knows what other variables may be involved.. such as exercise. Most people(s) who appear to tolerate higher carb diets also exercise considerable and extensively, enough to likely burn off the sugar/carb that they ate.

Population studies, I feel are the worst science to derive conclusions from. Conversely, the biology of aging is one of the best sciences to learn from, and it has been very clear that the insulin and mTOR pathway is very involved in the aging phenotype and that raising it, baseline or elevations after eating, likely will negate the beneficial effects on longevity and disease of keeping them low. Leptin, I feel, may play a direct or indirect role, through insulin and mTOR, in aging in humans. There will always be evidence to the contrary; nothing can be proven. However, I think that there is extremely robust science supporting what I have said for nearly 2 decades now. l post more on this blog in the future about the cause of insulin and leptin resistance. Thanks for the comment.

This is just a thought and maybe something you can incorporate in your thinking.

It seems one thing that is lacking from low-carb “science” is an appreciation of population genetics. Just as some traits (even metabolic traits) run in families so too will they run in populations, especially within rather small isolated tribal ones (they are less diverse). For example, there could be a much higher proportion of those who can tolerate carbs (or get less harmed by carbs) in the tribal population than amongst the average European derived American. Thus, generalizing from tribal populations is very misleading and could give us the wrong idea completely. To put it simply: A fat person cannot get away with what the skinny person does so deriving advice from the behaviors of the skinny person is completely the wrong approach. Like must be compared to like if we want to obtain any meaningful understanding. Maybe it’s even best to use oneself as a control, actually.

Hi Dr. Rosedale: I agree with your comments on population studies, but what about the issues of thyroid function, dry skin and other maladies that many who follow a low carb diet like you suggest seem to experience? Is it related to not enough fat in the diet and to much protein?
While you say the Japanese/French are not truly healthy, where is the evidence that long term adherence to your diet recommendations will make anyone any healthier? Yes, treating dysfunction with your diet works well in diseased populations over the short term, but there is no evidence that over the long term your diet is best.
Since eating most food will raise BG, etc, what do you view as a tolerable level for spikes in BG after a meal? Say someones BG is 80 pre meal, what is maximum post meal spike 1 and 2 hrs after a meal.

What new information since you wrote your book should readers be aware of that was not in the book?
Thank you for your time

Quite the opposite. My diet virtually always increases LDL particle size (I have measured this for over a decade), such that they are not harmful (less oxidized), but rather beneficial, and can be delivered as necessary to make new cell membranes and cells.

I’ve stayed away from very low carbohydrate diets and low protein as I’d been led to believe that depending on fat in the long run leads to some insulin resistance and uses cortisol to maintain blood sugar. Is that entirely mistaken (e.g. only applies if on a high protein intake) or do you feel it’s an acceptable compromise when you’re getting the benefits of fewer insulin and glucose spikes?

Any elaboration would be a great help, and thanks for all the information so far.

The idea is to be able to burn fat and ketones. This will not raise cortisol as the need for glucose becomes minimized. Insulin and leptin sensitivity is much enhanced. I have used this diet for nearly 2 decades to greatly improve insulin sensitivity. Those who say that it would worsen it are basing this on diets very different from mine. Most so-called ‘high fat’ diets used in many studies are in reality just higher in fat than the typical low fat, high carbohydrate diet and what I would refer to as moderate fat and still high carbohydrate diets. Also many people are greatly misinformed by those who only test for glucose and have never measured insulin and glucose levels together that is necessary to determine insulin sensitivity. Thank you for the fine question.

I must say that your approach makes the most sense to me. Let me see if I can frame your argument accurately: basically you are saying that improper insulin (and leptin) signalling is the root of many diseases (and even aging itself) and that frequent surges in insulin, as caused through carbohydrate consumption will tend to reduce sensitivity, or reduce how effectively these chemicals are ‘heard’ by the cells. And in anybody with impaired insulin sensitivity eating more carbs would be toxic, but you are saying that everybody has some degree of impaired insulin sensitivity and/or that if we want to maintain our insulin sensitivity we should steer clear of carbs too.

Bottom line being: the less surges in insulin/leptin, the less our cells become desensitized to these things, the less insulin/leptin we actually need, the less we’ll produce, and the healthier we’ll be.

Am I correct in my assessment?

PS- Is there any specific change to your default plan or any nutrient/supplement that could be added to improve liver health specifically?

Sorry Doc but I think that starch is about the only ‘safe’ food to eat. My great grandad lived to be 113 eating mostly starch (potatoes, taro, beans, maize) because in those days one couldn’t afford to kill cows or goats weekly or even monthly. My grandmother who still lives in a rural village in Africa is currently 92 and in good health. Sometimes we let science blot out the truth when all we have to do is observe. Most long lived societies thrive on high starch diets. In spite of all the fancy science from you doctor, researcher, PHD types, for the layperson like me all I need to know is starch=good and too much fat along with starch=bad. Now whether eventually a low carb diet will prove to be just as successful in increasing longevity as high starch low fat diets already have, is another matter. Am I about to play Russian roulette with my health? Erm no. For me it’s starch all the way.

Hi Alma,
Jean Calment, the French lady who died at age 122 and has the longest documented lifespan, smoked since she was 11 years old, though I would not recommend smoking to improve health.. We don’t live in Africa, and even if we did, the average African lifespan is not long. Nor are the lifespans of other cultures that eat high carbohydrate diets. Cultures that eat the highest amounts of carbohydrates, such as in India and China, even accompanied by low fat, are the sickest on Earth. Every person is their own experiment, and I would use the best science available to bet my outcome on..

Rice is not the totality of health, there are many other factors involved, but it still does not mean that rice is healthy. India and China are also known for eating a lot of rice, and they are leading the world with their rates of diabetes, heart disease and other illnesses.

Hi Dr. Rosedale,
Thank you for your continued pioneering research into this field. You must have realized that the reason your diet is one of the quickest routes to optimal health is because most of us have had our dietary enzymes destroyed (especially the ones that digest carbs such as DPP-IV) by the toxic load of heavy metals that we carry through the various routes: vaccines, agricultural pesticides, now chemtrails,etc. I wanted you to know that I have addressed this in my book titled, “Metal Illness” by mentioning various natural ways to remove the heavy metals. But chelation must be done under an experienced practitioner to keep the Herxheimer symptoms in check. For those who don’t actively remove the heavy metals, I suggest people at least do your Rosedale diet as I have found the good fats seem to pull out the heavy metals safely and naturally and that is one of the major benefits they are experiencing with your diet. Also the lack of carbs lets the body work on repair, as the body is finally given a break from the enormous amount of energy required to digest carbs. Thanks to your research people can tackle these problems even without taking anything, just eliminating something that is the obstacle to optimal health in our era. In appreciation, Asra Adibahttp://metalillness.net/

I would be wary of generalizing from population studies, which often implies comparing rather different ethnic groups. You need to account for genetic variation amongst populations. There are naturally going to be different proportions of those who can tolerate more starches/sugars in each population (among all the other factors influencing longevity).

As an analogy: just because the skinny guy with the skinny parents can get away with eating lots of pasta and drinking beer doesn’t mean you could, and it doesn’t mean he is eating healthfully either. Even he could be a lot healthier without the pasta and beer!

You and Dr. Jaminet, to some degree, appear to be on the same page as Dr. Barry Sears, who pioneered “Silent Inflammation” controlled through the diet by balancing “Blood Sugar” levels more than 30 years ago. Though, it seems your thoughts are more in-line with Dr. Sears than Dr. Jaminet’s. He, Dr. Sears, initiated the “Lifestyle” of Low-Glycemic Carbohydrate eating, with a good amount of healthy Fats, and balanced amount of Protein in his Zone diet – which has evolved over the years. He, too, does not agree with “Safe Starches” and also advocates vegetables first with some fruits – identified as preferred or “Favorable” Carbohydrates and lists the “Starchy” Carbs as “Unfavorable”. He does “permit” a 25% (1 serving) of Unfavorable (Starchy) Carbs in a meal/snack; but, more as a concession to reality in folks everyday life. But, many followers of the Zone (balanced eating, balanced blood sugar) do understand that it is best to limit if not completely remove all starchy (High-Glycemic) carbs. He also makes the distinction between the two various measures of the Glycemic content. I am not very familiar with your Rosedale Diet, therefore, I ask, how would you you say that you differ from Dr. Sears Zone diet? (Though I, myself, after doing much research, do disagree with Dr. Sears on his elimination of all “Saturated Fats”. Some for example, like Coconut oil, which I believe to be healthy – but that is another complete separate discussion in and of itself.)

I know Barry Sears and his work quite well. The science of “silent inflammation” was talked about by myself and many others long before Dr. Sears. This is even more true for the “lifestyle” of low glycemic eating. I now that I was one of the first, if not the first, to speak of the glycemic index to medical and health groups in the early 1990′s as discovered by Dr. Jenkins in Toronto, long before Barry Sears had mentioned this.

When Dr. Sears first came out with The Zone and his 40:30:30 way of eating he made a strong point to say that it made no difference where the carbohydrates were derived from, whether it be from a Snickers bar or a piece of bread, or vegetables. He then became familiar with my work with diabetics and cardiovascular patients and was shown that my diet, that limited non-fiber carbohydrates to a much greater extent than he does, was much more effective at reversing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even obesity. He subsequently modified his recommendations while still trying to fit into a 40:30:30 macronutrient ratio mold, and he did this by now recommending that most carbohydrates should be high in fiber. In other words, he is one of the original low carb advocates that have modified their diet to be as much like mine as possible.

His 40:30:30 macronutrient ratio itself, however, is irrelevant. All that matters is that one eats as little sugar forming foods/starches as possible, eats a requisite necessary amount of protein but not extra, and eats enough beneficial fats to supply energetic needs and as dictated by hunger. Thanks for the fine comment.

What is your viewpoint on Dr. Doug Graham’s 80/10/10 low-fat raw vegan diet? In this diet fruit is the primary energy source where fat and protein are restricted. Fat is restricted due to the high amounts of fructose being ingested. Is this another way to avoid the unhealthy fat/sugar correlation?

I am wondering if your diet’s effectiveness is relational to age of patient and sex of patient. I believe that there is a difference in how one’s metabolism works or doesn’t work as well is dependent on age and sex of the individual. I also feel that genetic origin also is a factor (i.e. are you Asian, Hispanic, Northern European, American Indian, or some combination of genetics etc.)
It seems to me that the basis of what you are saying is good, but how do the results vary based on age & sex and genetic origin? Also how does the environment factor in…i.e. the region of the country or the world you live in, the food sources you are eating from or have access to, and the ability to have access to the foods you are recommending play into the mix?

This health plan is based on science that far precedes mankind, and can be applied to virtually all animals. The differences that you mentioned are actually quite small and should not play much of a role in human individual dietary variation. Genetic variation is superseded considerably by the effects of this diet on genetic expression. In other words, even if one is genetically predisposed to diabetes or cardiovascular disease or even cancer, the risks of these can still be minimized by using this diet to alter your genetic expression towards increasing repair. Differences in size, sex, and activity level affects only recommended protein intake. Thanks.

To be healthy, including building strong bones, the body must have instructions to do so. Please see my articles on this site pertaining to calcium. my diet was designed to optimize the instructions to increase repair and optimize health. Whatever foods are called, is there nutrient content that matters, i.e. the amount of sugar forming carbohydrates, the kind of fats, etc. Thanks.

“Fibrous carbohydrates,….” don’t “digest into glucose”: So a zero carb diet, per se, isn’t the scientific terminological ideal but rather a zero doesn’t “digest into glucose”; then what are the identifying criteria?

Hi Dr Rosedale:
Having just read your book, i wonder what information post its publication you might make available on this blog. As an example, do your supplement recommendations remain the same? As one who is older and has some CAD from being on the SAD diet, i wonder if your supplement recommendations have changed as it may have to do with folic acid or other supplements.
Thank you for your time

The supplement recommendations haven’t changed too much. I’m writing a new book with some new science that just further supports what I’ve said. There will be some slight modifications and additions to the supplements. Thanks.

Any connection between these dietary researches and bipolar? Can bipolar be significantly affected one way or another by diet? Is bipolar even in evidence in societies with good diets (free of sugars and junk food)?

I am very thankful to have a world-class expert respond to a blog question – a very sincere thanks Dr. Rosedale.
One supplementary question if I may: is there any concern with potassium/magnesium supplementation on the Rosedale plan? There seems to be a concern around potassium any time kidney health is discussed – is it warranted?
(thanks again – I view donors as heroes, and I want nothing but the best for them!)

My pleasure. Potassium/magnesium supplementation is necessary on the Rosedale plan for the first few months at least. I have no concerns at all about these supplements. However the phamacitical industry would like to see all supplements only sold through them. Potassium is often a prescription drug prescribed to many who take diuretics.

Dr Rosedale:
Thank you for posting this in depth, intelligent, science-based defense of the Rosedale diet. As you have noted many times and cited research, elevated glucose spikes are damaging! The EPIC study is an eye-opener for the effects of increasing levels of HbA1c in non-diabetic people with adverse consequences — possible micro and macro vascular damage. Paul claims that it is a U- shaped curve that describes blood glucose and health impairment. Perhaps this is true for the study that he looked at; however, a search of PubMed will also provide studies that don’t find a U-shaped curve rather one that is an increasing slope. The disturbing part of Paul’s “safe strarch” advocacy is that there are people who will follow his advise: consume more starches, but never know the impact of his diet on their blood sugar because they don’t test it! They will follow Paul’s advise, but won’t obtain real data. Even if one does have a fasting blood glucose testing every few years, it does not give any information about blood sugar curve after eating. Many diabetic/pre-diabetic blogs have numerous testimonies (anecdotal) of adverse effects of “safe starches” on blood glucose which represent a different response to “safe carbs” then those anecdotal posts by Paul. I think Paul should be much more cautious and advise people who might have glucose issues to test to see if his diet is safe for them. A final concern: If one decides to follow Paul’s diet and eats a pound of starches a day, those filling starches are most likely going to replace other nutrient dense vegetables, not meat. Vegetables (e.g., swiss chard, peppers, rutabaga, asparagus, cabbage, kale) that have many phyto-chemicals and vitamins are not going to be consumed as much. The result is more sugar less phytonutrients. How is this optimal?

You bring up great points, and I appreciate your sharing them. Another major point is that glucose doesn’t give the whole story. A person’s glucose might remain low, but it might be taking high amounts of insulin to get the job done. This is just trading one evil for an even worse evil. Paul and I will likely be on a panel at the next Ancestral Health Symposium debating ‘safe starches’. Thanks again for fine comment.

Dr. Rosedale:
I don’t usually address personal health questions on blogs, but a number of other people asked you about protein so I am going to float a question too. My diet is similar to yours, but not as carbo restricted (I have your book). I avoid wheat, grains, starches and sugars, but eat meat (once a day), dairy (love it!) and very limited fruit. By eliminating starches, grains, sugars and limiting fruit intake I have gotten my HbA1c in a normal range–previously it was in a prediabetic range (higher carbs in diet/vegetarian diet for many years). My father is 92 years and is diabetic. My sister has had fasting glucose in the diabetic range. So I think there is probably some genetic tendency in my family towards glucose intolerance/diabetes? Because of this I am aware that too much protein can be converted to sugar which would not be good in my case. The problem that I need to resolve is how much protein per day would be healthy for me based on my exeercise level? I am a female, 61 years about 115 lbs; I spend a lot of time in the mountains of Montana where I live (15-24 hours/weekly) engaging in hiking, backpacking, and/or backcountry skiing. This is my passion and my reason for being!

The Rosedale Diet is not about weight loss, it is about health. If one has fat to lose, then the body will be able to excess that fat, if one does not have excess fat to lose, then you will maintain a balance. Eat your amount of protein, along with good fats. Some people do gain some weight on the scales, as they can gain muscle and bone which weigh more. When Dr. Ron first started treating his diabetic patients this way, his goal was always about treating the foundation of health. Why wait till you are sick to start a healthy program. The Rosedale Team.

This is a health program, not a weight loss diet. If one has excess fat, then one would need to burn it to be healthy. If one does not have excess fat, one still needs to burn fat to be healthy, but now it should come from the diet. Thanks

As a rough estimate, especially without knowing your height, I would guess that you require approximately 50 g of protein daily, perhaps a bit more if the exercise is quite strenuous. The main thing to remember about protein, is that this is not a high protein diet, and that your fuel intake should come mostly from good fats. Thank you for the question.

Dear Dr. Rosedale,
Thanks to Dr. Joseph Mercola, I followed Dr. Ron Rosedale’s recommendations and have become a “Fat Burner”. I did this by gradually reducing sugar and bread/wheat flour consumption and then rice consumption within about one month. Thereafter for about a month I very strictly did not eat sugar bread and rice (not even Bees Honey) for about one month – by which time I assumed I would have become a “Fat Burner”.

I am a 75 year old male from Colombo in Sri Lanka. My father worked in the Nutrition Division of the Sri Lanka Medical Research Institute and therefore I have been interested in good nutrition. I am also a founder member of the oldest NGO promoting Organic Farming in Sri Lanka (Gami Seva Sevana Ltd, which was set up about 30 years ago)

As a “fat Burner”, my eating plan is as follows:

On awaking, 3 glasses of hot water (to loosen nasal and throat mucus), followed by 3-minute stretches (Dr. Joseph Weisberg) followed by a glass of raw milk flavored with a mycelium mushroom coffee and supplements (Mercola Krill oil, Vit C, a capsule each of Mycelium and Ganoderma mushroom from DXN and Kyoto Chlorella and DXN Spirulina, followed by “Peak8” exercises 3 times a week.

For breakfast, I have a fruit – typically a slice of Papaya or 2 plantains (small banana) or a banana or grapefruit followed by a mix made of one organic raw egg , two tablespoons of store-bought muesli cereal to which I have added more nuts (cashews, almonds, walnuts etc.) and dried fruits (raisins, sultanas, currents, prunes, cranberry, goji etc.) a tablespoon of Mercola “Pro-Optimal Whey” for chocolate flavor, a teaspoon each of powdered Guarana. Acai and Salba and raw buffalo curd and sweetened with raw palm sugar.

A cup of plain Tea at around 10 o’clock. I work in the garden in the sun without a shirt to get a good dose of Vit D3. Amazingly I do not feel hungry around normal lunch time as was the case previously and therefore have to be guided by the clock as I get hungry only around 3 o’clock.)

For dinner – most times a mixed salad of sliced onions. Garlic, a mix of about 6 green leaves (Gotukola, Tulsi, Murunga etc.) dried fruits and nuts (similar to the mix added to the Muesli at breakfast and a little “Natto”, “Miso” and “Wasabi” creams, Olives, and a few local berries. Followed by supplements (Mercola’s Multi+, Ubiquinol, Vit.E, Ginko Biloba, Dr. Wright’s “Vision Sense” and a capsule each of Mycelium and Ganoderma mushroom from DXN and Kyoto Chlorella and DXN Spirulina.

Results truly amazing :
(1) My weight dropped from 160 lbs to a steady 135.
(2) New hair growing where I was bald for at least 10 years.
(3) I used to get very bad coughs about 2 or 3 times a year which according to my Doctor was due to a “pocket” in my lung (due perhaps to Asbestiosis as I worked as an Engineer on steam ships) which now does not appear in the latest x-ray. I do not use an umbrella and do not even sneeze even after getting soaked in the rain.
(4) An ECG about 3 years ago showed that I had a leaky heart valve (normal for a person my age the Doctor told me) which appears to have cured itself as it is not seen in the recent ECG I did.
(5) I can do “bunny hops” (squatting and leaping upright) – which I do as part of my “peak8″ exercise regime about 3 times a week. (I started with about 10 repetitions and now can do 30 to 35 before acute panting signals a stop to the exercise.

I do eat some simple carbs occasionally (an ice cream after lunch, a small bar of dark Chocolate after dinner, a small piece of cake at a Birthday party (I do not want to appear to be an eccentric) or a sandwich.

Therefore by experimenting with my own body I know for sure that Dr. Rosedale’s diet is healthy because it cures (it would appear that the body has time to repair inflammation damage when it does not have to continuously have to digest “simple carbs”) As a result I will never go back to eating rice, bread and white sugar. I would be a fool to do so when I have proved that the Rosedale diet cured me of the many health problems I had.

So Dr. Rosedale’s assumption that man was not designed to eat simple carbs (sugar, rice, bread) appears to be correct, as we started eating these only after the discovery of fire – which is recent in terms of human existence. It would appear that Ayurvedha, Homeopathy Allopathy and other forms of healing sciences became necessary because humans had lost their natural resistance to disease.

Thank you Ranjit for sharing your story. Stories like this really help to relay the science to others. By the way, Sri Lanka is one of our favorite places, and we try and get there as often as possible as we spend quite a bit of time in India.

I find your work completely fascinating and am tending to agree with your position on starchy carbs. I do have a question that is perplexing me, however.

A formerly obese person myself (and still not at a healthy weight, but better), I used programs such as Weight Watcher’s to lose most of the weight. After that, I made the ULTIMATE mistake. I let myself be persuaded to compete in a bodybuilding show.

But, I digress in my own history. Here is my question. Bodybuilders are some of the leanest people around and display great symmetry and muscle mass. I am, of course, referring to natural bodybuilders, NOT the cartoonish, steroid produced physiques so synonymous with the sport.

In the bodybuilder’s diet, carbs are important, second only to protein. Fats are typically shunned. A typical bodybuilder’s daily eats might look something like this:

Here is where my cognitive dissonance is setting in. How can they eat this way and look the way they do? Are looks deceiving? Is this an unhealthy way to eat? The results of this eating and exercise plan are quite impressive, at least from an aesthetic angle. Most of them seem quite healthy… is that an illusion?

Because of my history of dabbling in the sport for about 3 years, I (thankfully) carry a lot of muscle for a female. As a downside, the extreme dieting and training has caused low body temps (~ 97.6 avg), and has also resulted in a considerable metabolic slowdown, rebound weight gain and difficulty losing the weight again. This despite several attempts at weight loss, including the use of Atkins and Paleo diets. These diets resulted in a small weight loss of about 20 pounds. They also resulted in gout symptoms!

I have your book and plan to re-read and implement your recommendations from it. My goal is weight loss and of course, health improvements. I am in good health (or at least asymptomatic) at age 44, albeit about 50 pounds overweight. Any suggestions for someone in my situation?

And, what are your thoughts on my perplexing question about the bodybuilding diet?

Competitive (serious) bodybuilding is seasonal. You need to distinguish between an off season and contest preparation diet. Naturally the offseason diet will be high in proportion of carbohydrates and overall calories. Fat gain is expected along with the muscle. However, contest prep is another story, here the goal is to lose bodyfat and here, you will find many bodybuilders restricting their carbohydrate proportion quite substantially.

Hi, thanks for the response. I was referring more to the cutting cycle, although the question could be posed from the bulking cycle standpoint as well. I was able to get cut to the bone while still eating 25% of my diet in carbs, which included carbs such as oatmeal and rice. Approximately 65 grams per day was coming from starchy carbs, while the rest was from fibrous vegetables. This was late in contest prep… right before the shows.

I was hoping that someone could explain the science behind why this seems to fly in the face of what Dr. Rosedale is promoting as a healthy diet? It cannot easily be explained away with activity levels, as some competitors get on stage without doing any cardio at all, and only moderate amounts of resistance training (in contest season).

My intention is not to be arguementitive or “start something”, I am just very curious as to how the consumption of something so evil (starch, supposedly) could give such positive ‘real world’ results. Being a self proclaimed human guinea pig, I do intend to try Rosedale’s plan after Christmas and see what the differences are in my biofeedback and training intensity (once I get through the first few weeks of lower energy due to changing substrates, anyway!)

* You can lose weight on any diet. If you expend more energy than you consume or absorb, you are going to lose weight. There may be some freaks of nature, but contest prep generally involves eating less and expending a lot more energy. Some people might need more cardio than others though. We are not all the same.

* Most bodybuilder diets are probably healthier than the average American diet. It’s usually cleaner, has less refined foods, less sugar, but if you have any sort of metabolic abnormality like intolerance to insulin, *any* sort of high calorie/carbohydrate diet is going to give you trouble or lead to trouble. Low carb is ideal here.

* Finally, I do not believe a low carb diet is the ideal for competitive bodybuilding, but I do not believe the competitive bodybuilding lifestyle or diet is conductive to great health. It may help you look good, but it isn’t going to bring you the kind of good health and longevity that Rosedale has in mind.

Dr. Rosedale
Your diet recommends the consumption of nuts,except peanuts, a legume. If one is allergic to nuts, almonds,etc, but not peanuts, what would your thoughts be on including peanuts in the diet? The absence of nuts means the protein reliance is strictly on meat, fish, poultry, eggs, diary, and poultry is high in Omega 6, so the protein sources become predominantly meat and fish. Any concerns, or thoughts?

What test measures for insulin, leptin and glucose levels together? What are the recomended baselines.

Also, I dont know how I could possibly cut out enough protine to hit 85g and still get enough calories to not loose weight. What do I have to do? pour coconut oil on my scrambled eggs? If I had bread I could at least fry the bread but alas, no bread.

My question is . . . If I keep taking Metformin for a few weeks it seems that it, by keeping my blood sugars low, will help my body to become a fat burner. Is there anything you see wrong with this idea? I’m am only prediabetic – not full type two. It should also smooth out the peaks till I get the diet down pat. Without the pills I keep hitting 140 from just having something as simple as an avocado and a (7g carb) protein drink.

Metformin may be the only diabetic medication that is not overtly harmful, and the only one that I will sometimes prescribe. It works by converting glucose into lactic acid. Benfotiamine, a supplement, converts glucose into ribose; even better. Thanks for the comment.

Thank you. However on the Rosedale plan we do not eat rice; in my eyes it is just a bowl of sugar, be it brown or white rice. For reasons, it might be helpful to you to read my blog response here and other writings. Thanks for coming here from Dr. Mercola, and thanks much for the comment.

Your website recommends a good multi vitamin like Twin Labs Daily Two Cap. It seems to contain a very large amount of Pro Vitamin A as Beta Carotene. I thought this was not advisable based on current research?

Dr. Rosedale, what are your thoughts on the what Peter over at Hyperlipid calls “physiological insulin resistance”? (http://high-fat-nutrition.blogspot.com/2007/10/physiological-insulin-resistance.html)
He posits that fasting blood sugar numbers are higher when a person maintains a very low carb diet. I experience this myself. I stay below 15 carbs and around 85 grams of protein most days lately, on about 1000 calories per day plan (I’m a 5’3″ female who does weight training once a week). But my whole fasting blood sugars are consistently around the 95 mark. It would seem to me they should be lower. I just wonder if it has to do with muscle resistance to glucose, since they are burning fat instead. (I’m in moderate ketosis most of the time).

Hi Ellen; This is a somewhat popular topic that is spread around the paleo community, and has given rise to the concept of ‘safe starches’. It is a major reason that I have written quite extensively countering their arguments, both with this blog and previously on Jimmy Moore’s blog. I advise reading both of those for a more thorough answer but let me say this; though I have not read the article that you are referring to specifically, one cannot/should not make any statements pertaining to insulin sensitivity without measuring insulin. The people whose writings about this as it pertains to insulin sensitivity that I have read are not measuring insulin and are basing this strictly on fasting blood sugar. That would be a bad mistake. It is likely that insulin levels are going and remaining very low on a very low carbohydrate diet, and that would be a very beneficial effect as it pertains to the genetic expression of enhanced repair and longevity. Furthermore, there are many studies that show blood sugar reducing from normal fasting levels on very low carbohydrate diets, and that has been my experience. Blood sugar goes especially low under fasting conditions.

Another bad mistake that is often made when people talk and write about low carb diets, is not differentiating between a higher protein, very low carbohydrate diet, and a higher fat very low-carb-diet. I am thoroughly convinced that high protein diet not healthy, and that a higher fat, very low carbohydrate diet is the best diet for overall health and longevity. See the transcript and PowerPoint of my talk “Protein; the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly” on this site. In your case, your protein intake is perhaps twice what it should be on most days. I am assuming a lean mass of between 90 to 100 pounds. As an experiment on yourself, please reduce your protein to between 45 and 50 g daily and replace those calories with beneficia fat/oils such as from avocados and especially MCT’s from coconut oil, for instance, and then please let me know your fasting blood glucose results. Thanks for the good question.

Firstly, I thank you for spreading your knowledge and continuing with this debate as I am currently on a quest to find the “perfect diet” for myself. I’ve been searching for about five years now and I am still in shock that us humans can fly to the moon, but are not sure what is the best food to eat.

Me: I am 25 years old and have been an athlete my entire life. Most of my life I have been on a completely unrestricted diet resulting in massive eating of carbohydrates mainly through potatoes and grains. I always ate massive amounts of meat, milk, eggs, and cheese as well. I am 175lbs., 6 foot, can dunk a basketball easily(white men can jump), can squat 315 pounds 10 times, and can run a 100m around 12 seconds. My body physically resembles that of Georges St. Pierres.

This is a well-known phenomenon in the low-carb community. When I ate a very low-carb diet, my fasting blood glucose was typically 104 mg/dl. Peter Dobromylskyj of Hyperlipid has reported the same effect: his fasting blood glucose is over 100 mg/dl.” ( http://perfecthealthdiet.com/?p=5027&cpage=2#comment-39381)

Questions:

- Do you agree that a long term very low carbohydrate diet will cause fasting blood glucose to be above 100 mg/dl?
- And if so, is this a bad thing? What are the pros and cons of this phenomena if it is true?

(2) Questions: How long will it take for my body to adjust to an extremely low carb diet?
Are there dangers in going very low carb?
What carbohydrate foods would you suggest to use as an aid when gradually transitioning into a low carb diet?

I have attempted a very low carbohydrate diet many times over the passed year and I will now describe some of the effects of my experiences.

I have been able to hold this specific regimen for a maximum of 3 days before the side effects force me to eat carbohydrates. I understand that this is not nearly enough time for my body to adjust to this diet and the following effects that I have notice on this diet might all be happening only because my body is going through a transition/adjustment process.

Effects:

- weight loss (mainly fat)
- despite the weight loss which is mainly in the abdominal areas my strength remains the same.
- My muscles become smaller (less inflated if you will).
-lethargy
- irritability
- inability to concentrate or think straight
- I feel this feeling in the flesh of my body I’m assuming it is in the muscles, that does not feel particularly good. It actually feels like it might be a bad thing. I think it is the body eating itself.
- light headness —definately caused by low blood sugar

I have read many times before how intense exercise demands carbohydrates. I read about different types of muscle fibers in Ori Hofmekler’s most recent book (that has a foreward by Dr. Mercola) and it is stated that the muscle fibers worked when lifting heavy weights is a muscle fiber that mainly uses carbohydrates as fuel. I have been theorizing that a large portion of my muscle mass is this type of muscle fiber because of the carbohydrate eating, and that when I “go low carb” I essentially starve those muscle fibers and they begin to breakdown giving me the feeling that my body is eating itself.

(3) I see that you are at odds with people who are promoting starchy carbohydrates but, it makes little sense to me as to why anybody would promote starches over raw milk as a safe carbohydrate source. I can drink 4 cups of raw milk in less than ten minutes and my blood sugar will not rise above 100 at any point thereafter, but if I eat a potato my blood glucose will definitely soar above 100. My current diet is very similar to the Rosedale diet but it also allows me to drink all the raw milk that I want.

(4) I read the following recommendation on your website: “EXERCISE AFTER THE LAST MEAL OF THE DAY (IF POSSIBLE)
Do 15-20 minutes of mild resistance exercise or take a short walk (preferably uphill.) This will help burn up sugar, and prime you for a night time of fat burning. Then you should keep burning fat all night long, and the more fat you burn, the better you get at it. Even broccoli has some sugar and I want you to burn it off as soon as possible. What I don’t want you to do is to eat late, lie down on the sofa and go to sleep. This will force your body to be working hard trying to digest all that food just when it should be winding down for sleep.” http://drrosedale.com/healthplan.htm

I beg you to rethink this recommendation. After a day of fat eating the last thing any human would be ready for is exercising. I am an avid supporter of the concepts laid out in The Warrior Diet by Ori Hofmekler about the timing of meals. The connection between caloric restriction (which you claim can increase lifespan) and one large meal per day is pretty clear to me. If you do not eat any fat all day then after a late afternoon workout you eat a large fatty meal, then three to four hours later go to sleep, you will easily attain caloric restriction. Also, you will get the benefits of fasting, and exercising while fasting.
This is a well-known phenomenon in the low-carb community. When I ate a very low-carb diet, my fasting blood glucose was typically 104 mg/dl. Peter Dobromylskyj of Hyperlipid has reported the same effect: his fasting blood glucose is over 100 mg/dl.” ( http://perfecthealthdiet.com/?p=5027&cpage=2#comment-39381)

- Do you agree that a long term very low carbohydrate diet will cause fasting blood glucose to be above 100 mg/dl?
- And if so, is this a bad thing? What are the pros and cons of this phenomena if it is true?

Firstly, I thank you for spreading your knowledge and continuing with this debate as I am currently on a quest to find the “perfect diet” for myself. I’ve been searching for about five years now and I am still in shock that us humans can fly to the moon, but are not sure what is the best food to eat.

Me: I am 25 years old and have been an athlete my entire life. Most of my life I have been on a completely unrestricted diet resulting in massive eating of carbohydrates mainly through potatoes and grains. I always ate massive amounts of meat, milk, eggs, and cheese as well. I am 175lbs., 6 foot, can dunk a basketball easily(white men can jump), can squat 315 pounds 10 times, and can run a 100m around 12 seconds. My body physically resembles that of Georges St. Pierres.

This is a well-known phenomenon in the low-carb community. When I ate a very low-carb diet, my fasting blood glucose was typically 104 mg/dl. Peter Dobromylskyj of Hyperlipid has reported the same effect: his fasting blood glucose is over 100 mg/dl.” ( http://perfecthealthdiet.com/?p=5027&cpage=2#comment-39381)

Questions:

- Do you agree that a long term very low carbohydrate diet will cause fasting blood glucose to be above 100 mg/dl?
- And if so, is this a bad thing? What are the pros and cons of this phenomena if it is true?

(2) Questions: How long will it take for my body to adjust to an extremely low carb diet?
Are there dangers in going very low carb?
What carbohydrate foods would you suggest to use as an aid when gradually transitioning into a low carb diet?

I have attempted a very low carbohydrate diet many times over the passed year and I will now describe some of the effects of my experiences.

I have been able to hold this specific regimen for a maximum of 3 days before the side effects force me to eat carbohydrates. I understand that this is not nearly enough time for my body to adjust to this diet and the following effects that I have notice on this diet might all be happening only because my body is going through a transition/adjustment process.

Effects:

- weight loss (mainly fat)
- despite the weight loss which is mainly in the abdominal areas my strength remains the same.
- My muscles become smaller (less inflated if you will).
-lethargy
- irritability
- inability to concentrate or think straight
- I feel this feeling in the flesh of my body I’m assuming it is in the muscles, that does not feel particularly good. It actually feels like it might be a bad thing. I think it is the body eating itself.
- light headness —definately caused by low blood sugar

I have read many times before how intense exercise demands carbohydrates. I read about different types of muscle fibers in Ori Hofmekler’s most recent book (that has a foreward by Dr. Mercola) and it is stated that the muscle fibers worked when lifting heavy weights is a muscle fiber that mainly uses carbohydrates as fuel. I have been theorizing that a large portion of my muscle mass is this type of muscle fiber because of the carbohydrate eating, and that when I “go low carb” I essentially starve those muscle fibers and they begin to breakdown giving me the feeling that my body is eating itself.

(3) I see that you are at odds with people who are promoting starchy carbohydrates but, it makes little sense to me as to why anybody would promote starches over raw milk as a safe carbohydrate source. I can drink 4 cups of raw milk in less than ten minutes and my blood sugar will not rise above 100 at any point thereafter, but if I eat a potato my blood glucose will definitely soar above 100. My current diet is very similar to the Rosedale diet but it also allows me to drink all the raw milk that I want.

(4) I read the following recommendation on your website: “EXERCISE AFTER THE LAST MEAL OF THE DAY (IF POSSIBLE)
Do 15-20 minutes of mild resistance exercise or take a short walk (preferably uphill.) This will help burn up sugar, and prime you for a night time of fat burning. Then you should keep burning fat all night long, and the more fat you burn, the better you get at it. Even broccoli has some sugar and I want you to burn it off as soon as possible. What I don’t want you to do is to eat late, lie down on the sofa and go to sleep. This will force your body to be working hard trying to digest all that food just when it should be winding down for sleep.” http://drrosedale.com/healthplan.htm

I beg you to rethink this recommendation. After a day of fat eating the last thing any human would be ready for is exercising. I am an avid supporter of the concepts laid out in The Warrior Diet by Ori Hofmekler about the timing of meals. The connection between caloric restriction (which you claim can increase lifespan) and one large meal per day is pretty clear to me. If you do not eat any fat all day then after a late afternoon workout you eat a large fatty meal, then three to four hours later go to sleep, you will easily attain caloric restriction. Also, you will get the benefits of fasting, and exercising while fasting.

I think that many of your questions are answered in my replies concerning “safe starches”. I have not seen any increase in fasting blood glucose following my program. It is important once again to distinguish between a very low carbohydrate, high-protein diet and a very low carbohydrate, relatively high-fat and lower protein diet. These have very different physiologic effects. My program mimics caloric restriction where glucose is significantly lowered.

As far as competitive exercise; this is a different topic. Competitive exercise is not necessarily synonymous with health. Training under low carbohydrate conditions is beneficial in training the body to more readily burn fat, and increasing the threshold where anaerobic metabolism must kick in. Carbohydrate loading the night before competition may offer benefits as far as performance, but not necessarily as far as health goes. Thanks for the comments.

Glucose was the major topic of this discussion, but how do you feel about Fructose, which does not follow the same metabolic pathway and does not raise insulin levels? Of course it does have some effects such as raising blood uric acid level within minutes, which in turn raises blood pressure, decreases insulin sensitivity, and primarily ends up as stored fats. Some studies target the greatly increased consumption of fructose for the obesity epidemic and the metabolic syndrome.
Of course, following your diet would automatically also reduce intake of fructose, which may be a very good side effect.

I have said for two decades that all sugar consumption is unhealthy and that fructose is one of the most unhealthy. It does not convert into glucose readily, however forms fats in the liver contributing to fatty liver and the inability of this important metabolic organ to listen to signals such as from insulin. Thanks for the comment.

I have not read all of this debate, but would like to share a quote from Dr. Nish Joshi’s book. What do you think of this quote taken from p. 57 of his book “Holistic Detox”? Quote – “Deadly Nightshades – You are also going to be avoiding food belonging to the nightshade family – potatoes, aubergines, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers – because of specific food intolerances that can occur over years. The nightshade family originates from the poison ivy family and so is potentially poisonous to the body.”

Dr. Joshi is repeating what many before him have written about, and this refers to a sensitivity of some people (actually few people) have to tomatoes and peppers, etc. It’s just a common type of sensitivity/allergy that some people have, but the vast majority do not. This is quite separate from the issue that we’re talking about here. Thank you.

If I eat a low glycemic carbohydrate food like raw milk and then 16 hours later (after a night of sleep and consuming nothing but water) I exercise, do you consider this “burning glucose for energy”. Or is burning glucose for energy simply when a person who is, say, at a current blood glucose fasting state of 70 mg/dl who then eats carb food(say rice), which then causes a peak rise of blood glucose to 120mg/dl who then at this point begins to exercise .

Do you have any suggestions for a book/textbook/article that will detail the different ways the human body stores and uses energy. (ketones, aminotransferase, glycogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, etc…) I just finished my b.s. in math and am now shifting all my energy towards the long/short term effects of the food humans eat.

Hi Dr Rosedale
I hope you got the document I sent to Fiona. Hopefully you find the issues worthwhile in your research and your thinking. There are some other sobjects to be extended beyond what was written.

By the way, because of you, I began to constantly monitor my body temp at morning, and I can clearly see that some extra decline in the morning after intese workout. It is now around 35.8 in those days. I figure 35.8 is the ultimate morning temp to achieve for maintanance. I’m not sure you go furthur than this based upon your experience.

OK, so you’re saying that 100 g of carbohydrate is too much. So how much would you aim for? I track my food with Diet Pro software. It will track carbohydrates and net carbohydrates as easily as it will track protein. I do understand that it can take a mountain of the lowest-carb veggies to add up to 100 g, but the higher carb ones can add up much faster. It would be nice to know: what should I be aiming for?

I’ve been eating a pretty low carb, high healthy oils since about 2003 and am very interested in fine tuning my diet per your recommendations. I’ve printed out your diet recommendations, but still have a couple of questions.

Where do sweet potatoes fall in your plan?

Could you please explain the limit of 8 nuts per hour? I tend to eat a fair amount of the nuts that you allow, but often more than the 8 per hour. I’m very active, do not need to lose weight, and snacks of nuts help prevent losing weight that I really do not need to lose.

Thanks Dr. Rosedale very informative post. My main objection is the use of “safe” that may imply too many a blank statement that they are good for everyone when that certainly is not the case. Also it is not optimal, also the notion of a set needed level of carbohydrates consumption recommendation based on a scare from anecdotal evidence is also troublesome.

I have been following the Rosedale diet for about 6 month and feel great. I just had a blood test and my white blood cell count came back low. could this have anything to do with the lower body temperature and Thyroid function that is a part of the genetic expression of repair that occurs on the diet?

I thought it might be fine because I feel great and made it through cold and flu season without getting sick. I have read alot that lab test reference ranges can be very misleading since they are usually made by taking averages of a unhealthy population. Would the lab range for WBC be higher since it is probably based on a population eating a highly inflammatory diet which would need more WBC to combat the higher inflammation. Is there a point where it would be too low and should be looked into for other possible causes?

I’m a refugee from the Paleo camp. Starches seem to be all the rage now and if you don’t follow along you’re labelled ‘dogmatic.’ I love all your info with references to back it up. I heard somewhere you were coming out with a new book. Is it a newer edition of the Rosedale Diet or is it something else and when will it be coming out. In other words, should I wait or should I go ahead and order the current Rosedale Diet book? I’m very interested in health and longevity – not finding out if I can tolerate starches or not.

Dear Craig,
The new book that Dr. Ron is coming out with will still take another few months, however there is nothing in the new book that will negate the Rosedale Diet already out, only more new science to support it. Plus some of the recipes today we would use xylotol which was not out then. On our website there is a link to the book for $5.95 which is a lot cheaper than in the stores. It should all be about health and living younger longer. There is a rosedalediet forum on the yahoo communities is very active, and also tons and great Q&A on our help section, on our website under contact us. We will let everyone know via newsletter first about the books so don’t forget to sign up. We are not ones to bombard you with emails, just once every bluemoon with news. From the Rosedale Team.

As a health professional learning and living with hypoglycemia and diabetes in the family genes, I find the debates very informative. However, I find the details very tunnel vision. Nutrition for diabetic genes is more. Essential fatty acids, fish oils, avoidance of yeast in diet, and also avoiding many sources of corn fructose, hidden in our food choices at the Super Markets. Also the vitamin supplements on the market that are not yeast free. Your studies are informative, however give the diabetic more to total !

I am a T2 diabetic, have been following a low carb (approx 30g, all veg), mod protein, highish fat diet for the past 1.5 years since diagnosis. Initially, I had great success in weight loss, but only for the first 6 months. Over time, blood glucose has declined – success in fasting numbers before dinner (~4.9ish mmol) and 1 and 2 hour post-prandial recovery.

Morning fasting, while improved during the first year, has recently (over the last 6 months) started to move upward and I’m currently averaging 6.2. This morning it was 7.2 mmol. While I was initially on metformin 3x 500 per day, I am now down to 3x 250 mg per day. Increasing to 4x 250mg (before bed) increases morning fasting, as does increasing chromium. When I test BG before bed, I am usually back to mid 5 mmol range. I am speculating that at some point during the night, I must go into enough of a hypo to trigger gluconeogenesis. Which results in a higher fasting BG in the morning. But that’s entirely speculation, based on the fact that I seem to tend toward mild hypo-and-gluconeogenesis when I don’t adhere to a very regular lunch or dinner schedule. It’s not classic dawn phenomenon.

So here’s the point of my posting a comment in response to this article. This debate has me questioning my carb intake. But I’m stuck: so I thought I’d ask. With the understanding that you cannot offer medical advice over the internet, I want to ask what you think might be happening, in theory, or what you might have observer with patients in similar circumstances. In situations similar to this one, what are your thoughts on possible ways that one might work on lowering morning fasting BG? My own GP cites national policy recommendations (high grain, low fat, etc). I should add that I exercise regularly, but upping intensity or frequency has not had a positive impact on either weight or morning fasting glucose.

First of all, I’m upset that I didn’t have time to chat with you at PaleoFX last week (I was there teaching barefoot running and on the Exercise/Activity mastermind).

Secondly, I LOVE the perspective you’re bringing to the conversation, especially to the Paleo conversation.

I have two personal questions about your diet (which I find fascinating and I’m looking forward to starting):

1) I’m a masters sprinter. When I turn 50 in a couple months, I’ll be one of the fastest men over 50 in the country. Given the lack of starchy carbs in your diet, I imagine the muscles become somewhat (or severely) glycogen depleted. And I imagine this would be detrimental to my performance as well as my high-volume training. Thoughts?

2) At PaleoFX, David Pendergrass helped me make sense of a life-long question: Why don’t I like meat or fat? I find both extremely unpalatable in most instances (hate the taste of butter, red meat, fowl… fatty dairy is unpleasant… oil is unpleasant and I don’t digest it well). I do love nuts, avocados and eggs. Anyway, David suggested a genetic issue that affects umami receptors as well as another that affects the perception of free fatty acids. All of that is a set up to: I can’t figure out a way to get as much fat as you recommend given my dislike of oil, in particular. The amount of oil you have in some of your recipes is as much as I would use in a recipe 10x the size. Any suggestions.

Thank you for an exemplary response to Paul Jaminet, showing courtesy and restraint.

I love that you said, “Though nature doesn’t care whether we live a long, healthy life, nature does want us to live long enough to make (and raise) babies.” This is what “survival of the fittest” actually means, but no one (usually) gets it.

We – and all animals – are evolutionarily equipped with many gluconeogenetic pathways and alternative energy pathways (such as ketones), which surely suggests that we have evolved/adapted in an environment where dietary sources of glucose were unreliable and/or relatively unimportant. Is this one of your arguments?

“ ‘The Rosedale Diet’ actually improves fertility and immunity compared to a higher carbohydrate diet, and can be excellent for sports, with certain adjustments, depending on the type.” Oh, let’s hear more about that – I am ‘trapped’ in a belief system that I must have dietary carbs if I am going to perform at >90 pre cent VO2 max.

And finally… the only problem I can see is that surely 1,338,299,512 Chinese can’t be wrong!?. They’ve been eating rice as a staple food for 4,000 years and their population is STILL growing at the rate of 6.5 million a year, and life expectancy is around the middle of the global league table. According to you they should be extinct by now !!!

On my last blood test (drawn on 3/16/12 and sent to Shiel Medical Labs) my fasting glucose was 79 and my A1C was 5.2 – As part of my paleo/primal diet I consume appx 1 cup of mashed potatoes as well as 1-2 small banans and some frozen berries – When I tried very low carbs I didn’t feel good – my energy levels were low and I felt cold all the time – since increasing my carbs (to a level that is still only appx 15-20% of my daily calories) I feel much better – more energy and I feel warmer.

So – my question is this – with a fasting blood sugar of 79 and an A1C of 5.2 – how much damage am I doing consuming the relatively small amount of carbs I eat?

BTW – I will be 58 in July and I currently weigh appz 160lbs at a height of 6′

The diet being proposed here joins many other diets out there. No wonder people are confused, going from one diet to another hoping to find the miracle cure. I think there’s a commonality to all these diets” “Everything in moderation.”

I would like to comment on carbohydrates in particular grains as an unhalthy food. I was born and raised in Southern France on a small farm mid nineties and the cimetery is full of people who died in their nineties. 80% of the diet was composed of bread. Bread in the twice daily soup and bread for each meal of the day. My father was raised uniquely on bread. I suggest that the problem is not with grains per se but how modern grains are crossed. Modern grains are not genetically ingeneer but the hybridization techniques are worse. Take for instance Clearfield Wheat. It is created by using chemicals, gamma and x-ray mutagenesis and exposing the seeds to the industrial chemical, sodium azide, that is highly toxic.

After a course of antibiotics I developed what I now think as SIBO, I would get a sore abdomen after eating starches or refined sugars. My eczema was getting out control also.

I started an SCD type diet but wasn’t particular concerned with fat and protein ratio, though I never shied away from high fat. It wasn’t long before I lost weight and my skin condition drastically improved though I still had/have SIBO, on the surface I look a lot healthier than all most anyone I see around.

These days beside the odd protein binge at all-you-can eat BBQ’s/Hotpots (I live in Taiwan) my diet more or less fits your mould. However your eating plan seems a lot simpler than an SCD/BCD diet I have read about with less of a focus on the nuances of nutrition.

Firstly I would like to know what is so good about nut, coconut and olive oils. They don’t seem particularly natural as compared with animal fats. I eat a lot of fatty pork/beef/chicken/fish, butter, cream, cheese and bone marrow (whenever I can get it) with supplemental fish oil. What exactly am I missing?

I take chromium supplements, what are you thought on chromium for fat metabolism?

Another thing is offal, why no mention of it?

Also I have read that fat and some green vegetables are very goitrogenic and that iodine/selenium supplementation is required especially in the absence of offal (liver and thyroid in diet) for thyroid health.

And what about gelatin/collagen, I really can’t live without a good chicken feet stock each week. Though given my condition I suppose I require a higher nutrient density diet.

I began The Rosedale Diet in 2010 and lost 73 pounds by eating mostly from the A list. I also hike 3 miles each day. But also got bored with this diet as I really wanted other fruit and found another diet that was close in relation to Rosedale and I could eat more fruit. In November 2012 I began using the Paleo Diet and still hiking 3 miles each day. Only lost another 10 pounds, but it did not stay off. Now back on The Rosedale Diet as this is the one diet that actually worked and plan to stay on it the rest of our lives. In the past month I have lost another 7 pounds thanks to The Rosedale Diet. But we have also hiked over 1700 miles since June 2010. I am 60 and my wife 51 and we feel great.

Thank you so much for the amazing work that you do. you have single handedly turned my life around. Your diet has made my health so much better.

I have a couple of questions for you though. I’ve noticed I feel better on your diet, and I sleep better, but sometimes it seems that my stress response is over pronounced. Are there any reasons you can think of that might be causing this issue that I can correct?

I do notice after using your diet that any starches whatsoever make me very stressed and moody.

[...] has added a blog to his site, and continues the “safe starches” debate with a long post, “Is the term ‘safe starches’ an oxymoron?” This was in response to my previous installment in the debate, “Safe Starches Symposium: Dr [...]

By Eating “Good Carbs” will kill you slowly | LeanMachine Health Blog on December 11, 2011 at 11:21 pm

[...] and Dr. Ron Rosedale, M.D. have recently been having a lively internet debate about whether or not “safe starches” will augment your [...]

[...] What I said 20 years ago is just as true today; Carbohydrates should be defined as fiber or not fiber. Any carb that is not a fiber will turn to sugar and will cause harm…for any and everyone, males, females, monkeys and worms. The only difference among the sugars and non-fiber carbs is how fast and how much harm will be caused. ‘Safe starches’ is an oxymoron. [...]