Diet for diabetes

Diabetes mellitus - a chronic metabolic disorder, which is always accompanied by an increase in blood sugar levels. When the concentration of the substance exceeds the physiological value, it starts to have a toxic effect. Can develop diabetic coma and late complications (damage to eyes, kidneys, heart, nervous system, stop). Diabetes several reasons, accordingly, allocate different forms of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2 disease, gestational diabetes, and other types. The basis of any treatment of diabetes is dietary food. Diet for diabetes must be followed by the patient. When blood sugar diet appropriate treatment table number 9.

Diet for blood sugar

Diet for diabetes - a proper diet, which must be followed constantly after diagnosis. In any type of diabetes is always controlled calorie intake, its composition, the amount of carbohydrates and fats. When type 2 diabetes diet is sometimes the only type of treatment and sufficient.

Calorie diet in diabetes

Food brings energy to the body for all the cells in the form of calories. To maintain a healthy body weight, the patient with diabetes, it is important to get as many calories, how much he spends. You can use different types of table calorie food products and labels to identify the energy value of the product. Caloric needs of all people are different. It depends on age, sex, body weight, physical activity. Patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity require relatively few calories. If no severe and prolonged physical activity during the day, the patient men need about 2,000 calories a day, and women - 1200 kcal per day. In the treatment of type 2 diabetes is based diet, primarily on caloric restriction. If the patient is not overweight, you need to take into account strict calorie food there.

Carbohydrates in the diet in diabetes

The food contains in its composition carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals
. Of course, all these components are necessary for proper metabolism
. The greatest impact on blood sugar have a carbohydrate food
. Some carbohydrates are short chemical structure
. It monosaccharides - glucose, fructose, sucrose,
. These carbohydrates are digested very quickly
. After ingestion of monosaccharides in the next minutes increased blood sugar
. Because many foods contain all monosaccharides confectionery, sugar, honey, fruit juice, bananas, grapes, dried fruits
. Other carbohydrates have a more complex structure and a long chemical chain
. These carbohydrates are called polysaccharides
. They raise blood sugar 1-2 hours after ingestion of
. Polysaccharides are found in large amounts in cereals, pasta, potatoes, dairy and bakery products
. This food should be the main source of calories in all, including patients with diabetes
. A diet with increased blood sugar involves the ingestion of products with carbohydrates daily and each main meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner)
. There can not be monosaccharides and polysaccharides
. So, when the sugar in the blood can porridge, bread, potatoes, rice, pasta, can not be anything but sweet
. Of course, the polysaccharides can not have a very large number
. Also, each meal should contain about the same amount of carbohydrates, if the treatment is carried out pills
. If a patient with diabetes receiving treatment with insulin, the amount of carbohydrates may be more or less (optional)
. To calculate the amount of carbohydrates in the diet, a special system of bread units
. One unit is considered to be 10-12 grams of carbohydrates
. So much polysaccharide contains, for example, one slice of bread (25 grams), two spoonfuls of cereal (50 grams), a glass of milk (250g)
. For one meal it is necessary to eat at least 2 units of grain
. The more units will be eaten, the higher the rise of blood sugar after meals
.

Fat in the diet when sugar

In diabetes broken not only carbohydrate metabolism, but also fat
. This may lead to increased blood cholesterol, which triggers arterial injury
. As a result of diabetic patients develop late complications - circulatory disorders of the lower extremities, heart, brain
. In order to prevent such consequences, the diet with increased sugar limited amount of fat food
. First we need to reduce the amount of animal fat
. We must refuse to fatty meats, bacon, sausage, semi-sour cream, mayonnaise, butter
. During the week, you can only eat 2 eggs
. From dairy products, it is desirable to give preference to low-fat types of milk, cheese, yogurt
. Vegetable fats should also be taken into account, and be limited in the diet in diabetes
. The fact that the vegetable oil - is the view calorie food (100 g contains about 900 kcal)
. Therefore, when a weight problem should be used no more than 1-2 tablespoons of oil per day
. Many contain fat seeds, nuts
. They are worth only occasionally
. When blood sugar diet of fats are particularly strict in patients with overweight
.

Protein foods in the diet in diabetes

Proteins are needed by the body to build and maintain a functioning state in the cells of all tissues. Protein foods - a meat, chicken, fish, cheese. Quite a lot of protein and contains plant foods, primarily legumes. For a man vegetable protein it is not complete. Therefore, diabetes is never recommended vegan power system. Thus, the protein food should be every day in moderate amounts in the table diabetics. Patients with diabetes mellitus in any case impossible to comply with low-carb diets that contain too much protein (such as "Kremlin"). In some situations, it needs to significantly limit the amount of protein in the diet. So it may happen in severe complications from the kidney - chronic renal failure. Of course, the recommendation to reduce the protein content in the diet can only specialist.

Sweeteners and diet in diabetes

Increased blood sugar require exclusion of monosaccharides - glucose, sucrose, fructose. People with diabetes need to give up all sweets. But the sweet taste - genetically most beloved human. Moreover, there are many psychological dependence on sweets. Therefore, the diet with the sugar in the blood may contain sugar substitutes. These substances have a sweet taste but does not affect blood sugar. Part possesses calorie sweeteners, and part - no. Non-nutritive sweeteners does not affect the blood sugar or the body weight. Such agents are aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate. Caloric sweeteners (sorbitol, xylitol) and products with their use must take into account the system of grain units and severely limit patients with obesity.