They have launched aboard the space shuttle, visited the space station and flown to Mars. Now, three more "very special" Lego figurines are flying to Jupiter with NASA's Juno spacecraft. The specially constructed Lego Minifigures are of the Roman god Jupiter, his wife Juno, and "father of science" Galileo Galilei. The Lego crew's mission is part of the Bricks in Space project, the joint outreach and educational program developed as part of the collaboration between NASA and the Lego Group to inspire children to explore science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

"NASA has a long-standing partnership with the Lego company," Scott Bolton, principal investigator for the Juno mission and space science and engineering director at the Southwestern Research Institute in San Antonio, said in a news conference on Wednesday. "Any of you that have children know that Legos are very popular with kids, as well as really helps teach them about building and engineering."

Juno and the minifigures are scheduled to arrive in July 2016 and orbit Jupiter for a year (33 revolutions) before intentionally crashing into the giant gas planet. The spacecraft launched on Friday aboard a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas 5 rocket from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.

Mythological minifigures
"We hope that that (these Lego Minifigures) will increase awareness of children about the space program and get them interested. This will also help them understand both the mythological studies that went on... and also the contributions that Galileo made," Bolton said.

In Greek and Roman mythology, Jupiter (who was the equivalent of "Zeus" to the Greeks) drew a veil of clouds around himself to hide his mischief. From Mount Olympus, Juno was able to peer through the clouds and reveal Jupiter's true nature. The Juno spacecraft will also look beneath the clouds to help NASA understand the planet's structure and history.

The Lego Juno holds a magnifying glass "to signify her search for the truth," while her husband holds a lightning bolt. The third Lego crew member, Galileo Galilei, made several important discoveries about Jupiter. He was the first to point a telescope at the sky to make astronomical observations and discovered the four largest satellites of Jupiter — named the Galilean moons in his honor.

The minifigure Galileo has his telescope with him for the journey to Jupiter.

"They are basically the size of the normal Lego figures which you will see, but they are made out of aluminum, very special aluminum and they have been prepared in a very special way," Bolton said. "They are made out of a special space-grade aluminum. They have gone through all the testing to make sure that they fit on our spacecraft in a way that is like our other science instruments."

The three figures are covered for the flight under thermal blankets, like much of the spacecraft.

"They are all together, right next to each other (on board Juno), being friendly," Bolton said smiling. "They are the special passengers."

Galileo to Jupiter
The mini-metal statues are joined on the spacecraft by another "special passenger," one that also pays tribute to Galileo.

A 2.8-inch by 2-inch plaque also made of flight-grade aluminum is bonded to Juno's propulsion bay with a spacecraft-grade epoxy. The graphic on the plaque shows a self-portrait of Galileo. The plaque also includes — in Galileo's own hand — a passage he made in 1610 of observations of Jupiter, as was archived in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence, Italy.

Science editor Alan Boyle's blog: "Astronaut Abby" is at the controls of a social-media machine that is launching the 15-year-old from Minnesota to Kazakhstan this month for the liftoff of the International Space Station's next crew.

"This came from the Italian Space Agency, who is one of our big partners, probably the largest of the international partners ... they developed this commemorative plaque to honor Galileo," Bolton said. "I think it is a great thing (to) help the public understand the contributions that this great discovery during the Italian renaissance brought to our society."

Galileo's text included on the plaque reads as follows: "On the 11th it was in this formation — and the star closest to Jupiter was half the size than the other and very close to the other so that during the previous nights all of the three observed stars looked of the same dimension and among them equally afar; so that it is evident that around Jupiter there are three moving stars invisible till this time to everyone."

"The revelations that occurred from that discovery are still with us," Bolton said. "Understanding that we are not the center (of the solar system), in fact there are things going around Jupiter, another planet, certainly affected all of us both technologically as well as philosophically."

Destined for discoveries
"We're carrying all these instruments and of course, our primary goal is to get all this new science data and bring it back to Earth to help us understand how we got here and what's going on (in the solar system), to help us answer our children's questions. Along that way, we also wanted to commemorate and take a little piece of us to Jupiter," Bolton said of the plaque and Lego figures on board.

Juno's main goal is to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter.

The solar-powered probe — its three tractor trailer-size solar panels the first to power a spacecraft so far from the sun — will map the planet's gravity and magnetic fields to learn what Jupiter's interior structure is like. Juno's color camera will provide close-up images of Jupiter, including the first detailed glimpse of the planet's poles.

In addition to expanding scientists' knowledge about the solar system's largest planet, Juno's investigations will provide clues about what conditions were like in the early solar system when Jupiter was forming. Knowing more about Jupiter's origins and how it evolved will also help scientists better understand the many planetary systems being discovered around other stars.

Jupiter loses a stripe

The weather on Jupiter is changeable, as these before-and-after pictures show. The photograph on the left shows Jupiter as seen in June 2009. The photo on the right, taken on May 9, 2010, reveals that one of the planet's prominent dark cloud belts has faded away. The lightening of the South Equatorial Belt is due to atmospheric changes. Both pictures were taken by Anthony Wesley, an amateur astronomer in Australia.
(Anthony Wesley via The Planetary Society)
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Family portrait

Launched in 1989, the Galileo spacecraft has photographed Jupiter as well as several of the giant planet's satellites. Here's a montage that shows Jupiter's Great Red Spot and the four largest moons. From top, they are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.
(NASA)
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Cratered Callisto

Callisto is considered the most cratered celestial body in the solar system. The false-color overlay at right exaggerates the moon's surface features, including the Valhalla impact structure near the center of the disk.
(NASA)
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Dark face

Colors are enhanced in this view of Ganymede's trailing hemisphere, highlighting the moon's polar caps. The violet color indicates where small particles of frost may be scattering light on the blue end of the spectrum.
(NASA)
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Cloudy weather

The mosaic at left shows the true colors of the cloud patterns in Jupiter's northern hemisphere. The rendition at right uses false colors to represent the height and thickness of the cloud cover.
(NASA)
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This is the Spot

A true-color picture captures the subtle shadings of Jupiter's Great Red Spot, a massive, long-lived storm system in the planet's thick atmosphere.
(NASA)
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A big splash on Europa

A computer-generated perspective view shows the Pwyll impact crater on Europa, an ice-covered moon of Jupiter. The heights are exaggerated, but the central peak indicates that the crater may have been modified shortly after its formation by the flow of underlying warm ice.
(NASA)
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A blast at Io

This image of Io, thought to be the solar system's most volcanically active world, shows the plumes of two eruptions. One plume can be seen at the very edge of the disk, the other is puffing up from the dark volcanic ring near the center of the disk.
(NASA)
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Lava light

An active volcanic eruption on Jupiter's moon Io flares in an image taken in February 2000 by the Galileo spacecraft. The dark L-shaped lava flow to the left of center marks the site of energetic eruptions in November 1999 at Tvashtar Catena, which is a chain of giant volcanic calderas. The two small bright spots at left side of image are sites where molten rock is exposed to the surface at the toes of lava flows.
(NASA)
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Crazy quilt

The thin crust of Europa's Conamara region is criss-crossed by craters, cracks and lines - indicating that the surface ice was repeatedly disrupted. The colors, which are enhanced in this view, show where light ice crystals and dark contaminants have settled onto the surface.
(NASA)
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A moving moon

In a picture taken in April 2001 by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, the moon Io looks like a marble set against the background of Jupiter. Io is the giant planet's third-largest satellite.
(NASA)
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