Compiled By Glen W. Chapman- June 2002 ( From Ancient American, Issue # 43, Texas Artifact: Facts and Philosophy, pp. 8,22 By Robert Helfinstine ) &quot;The Texas hammer artifact was found by Max Hahn of London, Texas as Dennis Ballard stated in The Bell and the Hammer: Two &quot;Impossible&quot; Finds, Ancient American Vol. 6, No. 37, page 11. It was found along the Llano River near the mouth of Red Creek. Only a portion of the wooden handle was exposed when it was found, the hammer head being totally encased in the rock. The original identification of the rock type was Ordivician. Later analysis of the area by geologist John Watson of Austin, Texas, showed it to be basal Cretaceous concretionary sandstone (Hensel Sand Formation), the same material that makes up the bank and ledges along the Llano River where the hammer was found. Orthodox dating of this formation places it near 135 MYBP. According to geology professor Dr. Calvin Alexander, (University of Minnesota), in a class on Nuclear Geology, his response to a question about absolute proof for ages of rock formations was: &quot;There is no proof. It's mostly speculation.&quot; The rock encasing the hammer was not broken open until about 1946/47 by George Hahn, Max's son. Although the metal showed little signs of oxidation at the time, an amount of rust has now been formed. The hammer head is nearly 6 inches long with the working ends of different designs. (figure 1) One end has a + shaped configuration. The other shows a protrusion which may have had a wooden or leather extension attached to it. It was possibly a metal workers hammer. Analysis of the metal by Batelle Labs of Columbus, Ohio show the following results: Iron 96.6%, Chlorine 2.6%, Sulfur 0.74%. No Carbon was present. This alloy composition has been discussed by metallurgists. Their general indication is that under present atmospheric conditions an alloy of iron with chlorine cannot be made. It might be possible under higher atmospheric pressure condition. In August 1992 a tomographic analysis of the hammer was conducted at Texas Utilities. The hammer material is reported to be of superior quality with no inclusions or irregularities in its composition. Surface density was indicated to be a uniform 6% greater than the interior of the metal, further evidence of high technology metallurgy.

Identification of the hammer characteristics based on scientific evaluation is not difficult. Answering the question of how the hammer got embedded in concretionary sandstone depends on

the philosophical basis for world history one accepts. Ballard questions the millions of years assigned to the formation of the rock strata associated with the hammer, but he also implies that there is a philosophical time separation between formation of the rock strata and when intelligent humans created the hammer Let's separate the facts from the philosophy and add some additional pertinent information. FACT: 1. The hammer is a manufactured object, similar to, but not identical to, modern hammers. 2. The metallurgy in the hammer is &quot;high tech&quot; which implies intelligent craftsmanship. 3. The rock strata, as identified by trained geologists, is part of the tilted Cretaceous formations that cover a large art of east Texas and Louisiana, and also extend south to Mexico and under the Gulf of Mexico. The total area of these strata is in the range of 150,000 to 200,000 square miles. 4. The multiple limestone, sandstone and marl layers that make up part of the Cretaceous formation are well known for a variety of tracks and fossils. 5. A piece of partly burned tree branch, found in a limestone layer near Glen Rose, texas by archeology professor Wilbur Fields of Ozark Bible College, has been radiocarbon dated at 12,800 +1- 200 years, much younger than the assumed date of the Cretaceous limestone. 6. A polystrate, coalified fossil Lepidodendron, supposedly from the Permian geological period, was found in the rock layers near Glen rose. 7. Several types of dinosaur tracks are found in the limestone layers. 8. Other track types found in these layers include human, large cat and possibly bear. See figure 2 A &amp; 2B for human handprint. 9. Track layers, when exposed to the eroding factors of sun, rain and flooding, deteriorate quite rapidly. Since many newly exposed tracks are well defined, it is apparent that the original tracks had been covered soon to prevent their erosion. 10. Dinosaur skeletons have been found in the rock layers at the Parker Ranch near Glen Rose. 11. Turtle bones, oyster shells, clam casts, other shell type sea creatures and several types of coprolite are found in the marl or in the limestone layers. 12. According to Texas highway engineers, the present limestone layers which are predominantly calcium carbonate, would have been laid down by water as a layer of mud in a short time. `While still soft, various tracks were made in the mud which would have hardened in less than 24 hours. How do these facts fit into different philosophical positions? The standard or orthodox philosophy of earth history accepted by most secular education and scientific institutions dates these rock layers in the millions of years. The associated philosophy on the history of life limits the types of animals that lived at given periods of time and that lived when man was on the earth. Some of the listed facts are considered anamolous and tend to be disregarded by those who accept such philosophical positions. A branch of science which accepts a philosophical position and then only accepts data that are supportive of that philosophy is not intellectually honest. It has been suggested that the hammer is from modern times but was lost in the area of the concretionary sandstone. It became covered with sand which formed a concretion around the hammer. But the chemical analysis of the hammer precludes such a scenario because of the metal alloy in the hammer. If we take all the facts listed and consider them to be of a contemporary time frame, how would we define the conditions that existed at that time and place. There was varied animal life coexisting with humans. Because of the frequent water deposited layers of sand, mud, and marl, it was not hospitable for animal or human life. Food for people would be limited to vegetarian debris, clams and several small shell creatures. This brings up the question; What were dinosaurs, humans and whatever else doing on a 200,000 square mile wasteland with nothing to eat, and apparently nowhere to go for safety? Basically they were trying to survive a great catastrophe. My own view of world history and dating of these rock formations does not pose a problem with finding hammers, other artifacts or human footprints and handprints in the Texas Cretaceous rock layers. From a young earth, catastrophic geology scenario, all forms of life coexisted from he earliest time of history. The devastation caused by a world wide flood resulted in many fossil deposits as well as occasional OOPARS, (out-of-place artifacts), such as a hammer. The hammer may have been used to break

open clams. Once the owner succumbed to the rigors of the environment, the hammer would have been left to the actions of the newly depositing sediments. Other ancient artifacts of intelligent design refute the commonly held idea that we are the most intelligent generation of human beings to inhabit the earth. &quot;

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Fossilized Human Finger

This amazing fossil was found along the banks of the Paluxy River in Texas, famous for its dinosaur and human tracks. The dramatic three-dimensional shape is unmistakable. (Many three-dimension fossils are found near by.) This fossil has been carefully

analyzed, x-rayed, CT-scanned and found perfectly consistent with a human finger

Cretaceous Limestone

Cross Section Of Texas Through The Palluxy River Area ( Redrawn From The A. A. P. G. Geologic Highway map of Texas