German chancellor Angela Merkel’s Christian Democrats did less well than in the 2009 European parliamentary elections. But they kept their commanding lead over the Social Democrats leaving Ms Merkel well-placed to remain the EU’s ringmaster

France’s far-right Front National stormed to victory in European elections on Sunday night, leading an unprecedented surge in support for anti-EU parties across Europe that was set to reverberate far beyond Brussels politics.

The FN, led by Marine Le Pen, was one of four anti-establishment parties to finish top in their country’s EU parliamentary elections. Britain’s UK Independence party, led by the bombastic former commodities broker Nigel Farage, came first, as did Denmark’s far-right Danish People’s party and Greece’s radical leftist Syriza.

At a glance: MEP seats for anti EU/anti immigration parties (Source: Open Europe)

Party

Country

No of seats

Domestic vote ranking

Ukip

UK

24

1st

FN

France

24

1st

Golden Dawn

Greece

5

3rd

*Alternative for Deutschland

Germany

7

*Anti-euro but not anti-EU

Freedom

Netherlands

4

3rd

Freedom

Austria

4

3rd

True Finns

Finland

2

3rd

Vlaams Belang

Belgium

1

8th

People’s

Denmark

4

1st

The populist parties that will make up at least a quarter of the new parliament are a polyglot group, ranging from the far left – Syriza took 26.5 per cent while the largely unknown Podemos party stunned Spain by taking 8 per cent – to the ultranationalist right – Hungary’s Jobbik finished second with 14.7 per cent and Greece’s neo-Nazi Golden Dawn finished third with 9.4 per cent.

But taken together, their success ate into the normally comfortable lead Europe’s three traditional mainstream parties maintain in Brussels. Even the election’s victors, German chancellor Angela Merkel’s centre-right European People’s party, saw their support drop 7 percentage points compared with five years ago.

At a glance: MEP seats for leftwing/anti austerity parties (Source: Open Europe)

Party

Country

MEP seats

Domestic vote ranking

Five Star

Italy

18

2nd

Syriza

Greece

8

1st

Podemos

Spain

5

4th

United Left

Spain

5

3rd

In Britain, Ukip’s victory was the first time since 1906 that a party other than the Conservatives or Labour had won a national election. Mr Farage said his party was no longer a splinter group but the “third force” in national politics ahead of the 2015 general election.

Fabian Zuleeg, head of the Brussels-based European Policy Centre, said the results “mean major difficulties for the European integration project, particularly because of France”.

IN Europe

No result is likely to have a bigger impact on Brussels than Ms Le Pen’s victory in France, which along with Germany is a co-founder of the EU and the engine that has driven the European project for half a century.

France’s President François Hollande brought together his key ministers for an emergency inner cabinet meeting on Monday morning to discuss the election results. Before the meeting, Manuel Valls, the prime minister, said the EU must react to the breakthrough by the FN and other eurosceptic parties.

Interactive graphic

“I am convinced that Europe can reorientate to give greater support to growth and employment, which it has failed to do for years,” he said in a radio interview. He promised more tax cuts in France.

A handful of populist parties performed below expectations, particularly in Italy where the anti-establishment Five Star Movement led by comedian Beppe Grillo finished a distant second to the centre-left Democrats of Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, who nearly doubled Mr Grillo’s total with a commanding 40.1 per cent of the vote.

Similarly, the Freedom party of anti-Muslim provocateur Geert Wilders finished third in the Netherlands at 13 per cent despite spending weeks leading opinion polls.

Italian stocks rose following the count, while the euro edged higher as markets shrugged off electoral gains for eurosceptic and anti-austerity parties across the continent.

Still, the number and breadth of the populist gains were unexpected. In France, FN took 26 per cent of the vote, with the main opposition UMP on 21 per cent and the governing Socialists on 14 per cent.

FN is likely to become the fourth-largest party in the new European Parliament, taking 25 of France’s 74 seats, and Britain’s Ukip is projected to become the fifth-largest – as of early Monday, it had won 23 seats.

But other, smaller groups surprised as well. In Germany, where anti-EU sentiment has historically never been a serious part of the national debate, the eurosceptic Alternative for Germany party polled better than expected with 7 per cent of the vote, enough to win seven seats in the new parliament.

In depth

Extremists and eurosceptic parties make big gains in elections for the European Parliament

In Spain, where despite sky-high unemployment following years of gruelling austerity the two mainstream parties were expected to dominate, the ruling centre-right Popular party saw its support cut in half to just 26 per cent. Podemos, a far left party headed by a political-science professor, took nearly 8 per cent and the United Left party came in third with 10 per cent.

The head of Spain’s centre-left Socialist party, Afredo Pérez Rubalcaba, became the election’s first casualty on Monday, resigning in the wake of his party’s weak 23 per cent showing.

In Ireland, Eamon Gilmore, the leader of the Labour party, deputy prime minister and foreign minister, prepared to step down after the junior member of the ruling coalition saw its vote slump to about 7 per cent – half of what it secured at the last general election.

His impending resignation will rock the coalition government, which was already struggling to maintain public support for austerity measures to restore Ireland’s financial health. Enda Kenny, the prime minister, acknowledged the “frustration and anger” of voters in the election, who flocked to anti-austerity parties.

Austria’s far-right Freedom party was set to finish third with 20 per cent of the vote – against 12.7 per cent in 2009.

“Populist politicians such as Mr Farage and Ms Le Pen are winning so many votes because they are the anti-establishment voice,” said Tim Newark, author of Protest Vote. “Voters are fed up with mainstream party politicians who all sound the same and can deliver very little. The populists have an authenticity about what they say . . . voters like that.”

Pablo Iglesias, the leader of Podemos, vowed on Sunday night to work closely with deputies from other southern European countries hit by the crisis: “We don’t want to be a colony of Germany and the troika [the European Commission, European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund],” he told cheering supporters

Additional reporting by Tobias Buck in Madrid and Vincent Boland in Dublin