8
Initiated by activation of dominant oncogenes and inactivation of tumor-suppressor gene or recessive oncogenes cancer stem cell A small subpopulation of cells with a tumor are responsible for the full malignant behavior of the tumor which are called cancer stem cell this will be important to identify since successful treatment of the tumor will require the eradication of this stem cell component.

9
changes in all myc family members Small Cell Lung CA occasional mutations in BRAF and PIK3CA or activation of the PIK3CA/AKT/mTor pathway amplification, rearrangement, and/or loss of transcriptional control of myc family oncogenes (c-, N-, and L-myc; changes in c-myc Non-Small Cell Lung CA Point mutation in the coding region of RAS family of oncogene (KRAS) Mutation of tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR Adenocarcinoma

11
expresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptor  nicotine activates signaling pathway in tumor and normal cell that blocks apoptosis  involvement of nicotine directly in lung cancer pathogenesis both as a mutagen and tumor promoter Inherited Predisposition to Lung Cancer -People with inherited mutation on RB and p53 gene may develop lung cancer. -First degree relative of lung cancer probands have a two to threefold excess risk of lung cancer or other cancer, many of which are not smoking-related.