A study from Brown University has revealed that skin tone is associated with gender, with women on average having more green in their complexion, while men appear to be redder.

The group led by Professor Michael J. Tarr analyzed 100 images each of Caucasian males and females, controlled for lighting conditions, with subjects wearing no makeup. These were then processed on Matlab to create sexually ambiguous face images slightly distorted with visual noise that randomly included more red or green pixels.

Non-color blind subjects were then asked to identify the gender of the distorted images over repeated sessions (10 one hour sessions) and then the color content for each was analyzed.

On average the 'female' faces appeared greener, while the 'males' were redder, however this does not appear to be absolute and the use of color to identify objects is still controversial. Overall, this study demonstrates that observers use color to identify gender when other features are obscured.

Far more disturbing (though sadly not addressed in this paper) is the growing evidence to confirm long-held suspicions of the opposite sex: women are aliens and men are devilish!

Sorry, Monica ("I wish, for once, a study would be done thoroughly, with all that is necessary to avoid confusion and holes"). Doing a thorough study accounting for all variables is something the Psych Dep't at Brown doesn't have the stomach, budget, or math ability for. I worked in the computer center there, and only the Sociologists and Physicists used sophisticated statistics. The psychologists were way too interested in extrapolating what they could "determine" by looking at infants' sucking rates (whoa! they have some cognitive ability! Well, many species' newborns can gallop!) or else being politically correct to "bother" with making their work too close to actual science; there's no profit in that! (Please excuse my rather tortured sentence structure; no time to edit.)

Think about it, traditionally women did less outdoor work, got less exposure to the sun, and therefore had less of the reddish color that that would impart.

Also until recently men would do more physically intensive labor (hunter) while women would do less (gatherer) also increasing the males' reddish skin tones because of the flush associated with heavy physical labor. (I am not saying women did less work, just that the type women did was less likely to make a woman flush for all you trollies out there.)

So is it really any wonder that reddish undertones are more recognized as 'male', we've had centuries of conditioning for it.