The short answer is no―there is no impact of GM crops on soil. More specifically, this can be viewed from three perspectives:

1. The genetically modified crops themselves break down in exactly the same manner as non-GM crops. The genetic composition is organic in nature and is quickly broken down by the soil microbial community. The genes themselves are no different than the genes for flowering characteristics, seed production or chorophyll synthesis; they are simply DNA and all of the constituents associated with the composition of the plant.

2. In the case of tolerance to pesticides, the pesticide residues in soil follow the same pathway of degradation and dissipation as any other application does. In many instances, the pesticides associated with GMOs have a much safer environmental profile, and shorter persistence characteristics, than other pesticides, so a favorable environmental profile is associated with GMOs.

3. Crops that contain the genetics for producing the Bt endotoxin, which is used for controlling many insects, do release the Bt endotoxin into the soil. However, Bt endotoxin has been widely studied and shown to be quite safe, and short-lived in the soil environment. In fact, since it is naturally produced by a microorganism, Bt endotoxin is considered an organic pesticide and approved for use in organic farming. The Bt endotoxin is broken down very quickly in the soil, regardless of whether it is applied via conventional application methods or through the GM crop.

GMOs can affect the environment in many ways, and this response discusses the many ways in which GMOs can benefit the environment and the impact GM crops have on the environment. The data in this response from Brookes and Barfoot is from 2013, updated information can be found in their most recent report here.
Additionally, these infographics are helpful in explaining how GMOs can help preserve the habitat and H2O, protect the environment and improve soil health.
Kevin Folta,... Read More

The topic of labeling can be discussed in many different ways. We hope the below information on labeling GM food addresses your question.
The issue of GMO labeling, the consumer choice and logistical impacts of labeling genetically engineered food is discussed in this response.
Scott Kohne, NAFTA market acceptance manager for the Seeds Unit at Bayer, explains the difference between labeling in different countries vs. labeling GMO products in the U.S. Read his full response... Read More

About the Expert

Dr. David Shaw is Past-President of the Weed Science Society of America , chair of WSSA’s S-71 Herbicide Resistance Education Committee and Vice President for Research and Economic Development at Mississippi State University. His past roles include chairing the task force developing the USDA-APHIS report on Herbicide Resistance Best Management Practices and Recommendations and chairing the...