Institute for Biblical & Scientific Studies

Homeschool:
Physics

Definitions

Atom - the smallest unit of an element that still has the characteristics
of that element. It has a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons with electrons
circling around its nucleus.

Element - a substance composed of atoms that have the same numbers
of protons in its nucleus.

Isotope - Usually the number of protons and electrons are equal
in number in an atom, but the number of neutrons may vary. A different number
of neutrons in the nucleus means it is an isotope of that element.

Subatomic particles - All matter is made up of two kinds of particles
call Quarks and leptons.

Quarks - Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles
called Quarks. The proton is made up of two "up" quarks and one
"down" quark. The neutron is just the opposite with one "up"
quark and two "down" quarks. There are six different quarks. They
come in pairs. UP and DOWN quarks, CHARM and STRANGE, TOP and BOTTOM .

Leptons - are subatomic particles having spin equal to ½ and masses
far less than quarks. There are the ELECTRON and ELECTRON NEUTRINO?, MUON
and MUON NEUTRINO?, TAU and TAU NEUTRINO?

Four Forces in the Universe according to strength.

Strong force - transmitted by gluons which bind protons and
neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom also called the nuclear
force. Releasing its power will cause a nuclear explosion.

Electromagnetic force - transmitted by photons which bind electrons
in atoms which includes all chemical reactions. Photons are units of
electromagnetic radiation including radio waves, light, and X-rays.