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5. New Accounting Standards

Certain new standards and interpretations have been issued that are mandatory for the annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2015 or later, and that the Group has not early adopted.

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments Part 1: Classification and Measurement. IFRS 9, issued in November 2009, replaces those parts of IAS 39 relating to the classification and measurement of financial assets. IFRS 9 was further amended in October 2010, November 2013 and July 2014 to address the classification and measurement of financial liabilities. Key features of the standard:

Financial assets are required to be classified into two measurement categories: those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through Profit and loss or through Other comprehensive income), and those to be measured subsequently at amortised cost. The decision is to be made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument.

An instrument is subsequently measured at amortised cost only if it is a debt instrument and both (i) the objective of the entity’s business model is to hold the asset to collect the contractual cash flows, and (ii) the asset’s contractual cash flows represent payments of principal and interest only (that is, it has only “basic loan features”). All other debt instruments are to be measured at fair value through profit or loss.

All equity instruments are to be measured subsequently at fair value. Equity instruments that are held for trading will be measured at fair value through profit or loss. For all other equity investments, an irrevocable election can be made at initial recognition, to recognise unrealised and realised fair value gains and losses through other comprehensive income rather than profit or loss. There is no recycling of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss. This election may be made on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Dividends are to be presented in profit or loss, as long as they represent a return on investment.

Most of the requirements in IAS 39 for classification and measurement of financial liabilities were carried forward unchanged to IFRS 9. The key change is that an entity will be required to present the effects of changes in own credit risk of financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss in other comprehensive income. The amendment made to IFRS 9 in November 2013 allows an entity to continue to measure its financial instruments in accordance with IAS 39 but at the same time to benefit from the improved accounting for own credit in IFRS 9.

A substantial overhaul of hedge accounting was introduced that will enable entities to better reflect their risk management activities in their financial statements. In particular amendments to IFRS 9 increase the scope of hedged items eligible for hedge accounting (risk components of non-financial items may be designated provided they are separately identifiable and reliably measurable; derivatives may be included as part of the hedged item; groups and net positions may be designated hedged items, etc). The amendments to IFRS 9 also increase eligibility of hedging instruments allowing financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss to be designated as hedging instruments. A fundamental difference to the IAS 39 hedge accounting model is the lack of the 80–125 per cent bright line threshold for effective hedges and the requirement to perform retrospective hedge effectiveness testing. Under the IFRS 9 model, it is necessary for there to be an economic relationship between the hedged item and hedging instrument, with no quantitative threshold.

Increased disclosures about an entity’s risk management strategy, cash flows from hedging activities and the impact of hedge accounting on the financial statements.

The mandatory effective date of IFRS 9 is January 1, 2018. IFRS 9 (2014) supersedes IFRS 9 (2009), IFRS 9 (2010) and IFRS 9 (2013), but these standards remain available for application if the relevant date of initial application is before February 1, 2015. The Group does not plan to adopt the standard before the mandatory effective date and is currently assessing the impact of the new standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Amendments to IFRS 11 — Joint Arrangements (issued in May 2014 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016) on accounting for acquisitions of interests in joint operations. This amendment adds new guidance on how to account for the acquisition of an interest in a joint operation that constitutes a business.

Amendments to IAS 16 — Property, Plant and Equipment and IAS 38 Intangible Assets (issued in May 2014 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016) on clarification of acceptable methods of depreciation and amortisation. In this amendment the IASB has clarified that the use of revenue-based methods to calculate the depreciation of an asset is not appropriate because revenue generated by an activity that includes the use of an asset generally reflects factors other than the consumption of the economic benefits embodied in the asset. The Group is currently assessing the impact of the amendments on its Consolidated Financial Statements

IFRS 15 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers (issued in May 2014 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017). The new standard introduces the core principle that revenue must be recognised when the goods and services are transferred to the customer, at the transaction price. Any bundled goods and services that are distinct must be separately recognised, and any discounts or rebates on the contract price must generally be allocated to the separate elements. When the consideration varies for any reason, minimum amounts must be recognised if they are not at significant risk of reversal. Costs incurred to secure contracts with customers have to be capitalised and amortised over the period when the benefits of the contract are consumed.

The Group is currently assessing the impact of the new standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

The amendments to IAS 19 — Employee Benefits (issued in November 2013 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2014) on contributions from employees or third parties to defined benefit plans. The objective of the amendments is to simplify the accounting for contributions that are independent of the number of years of employee service. The amendment has no significant impact on Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Amendments to IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint ventures (issued in September 2014 and December 2014 and effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016) on the accounting for acquisitions of an interest in a joint venture. Full gain or loss will be recognised by the investor where the non-monetary assets constitute a ‘business’. If the assets do not meet the definition of a business, the gain or loss is recognised by the investor to the extent of the other investors’ interests. The amendments will only apply when an investor sells or contributes assets to its associate or joint venture, not to a joint operation. The December 2014 amendments was made to clarify that an investment entity should measure at fair value through profit or loss all of its subsidiaries that are themselves investment entities.

Unless otherwise described above, the new standards and interpretations are not expected to affect significantly the Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Disclosure Initiative Amendments to IAS 1 (issued in December 2014 and effective for annual periods on or after 1 January 2016). The Standard was amended to clarify the concept of materiality and explains needs of the Group in disclosure preparation. The Standard also provides new guidance on subtotals in financial statements and add additional examples of possible ways of ordering the notes. The amendments also introduce a clarification that the list of line items to be presented in Statement of financial position, Statement of profit or loss and Other comprehensive income can be disaggregated and aggregated as relevant and additional guidance on subtotals in these statements and clarify that an entity’s share of OCI of equity-accounted associates and joint ventures should be presented in aggregate as single line items based on whether or not it will subsequently be reclassified to profit or loss.

The Group is currently assessing the impact of the initiative on its Consolidated Financial Statements.