A Gothic typeface is not at all anything like medieval lettering. It actually comes from grotesk, or grotesque which began around 1900. It's basically a synonym for sans-serif and it a movement that originated in the Scandinavian area and widely applied by the bauhaus.

Hence Akzidenz-Grotesk,
and hence Century Gothic.. and pretty much any typeface with that name in it.

The name "Gothic" applies rather to the spirit than to the exact
letter forms of the style. The same spirit of freedom and restlessness
characterises the architecture of the period wherein this style of
letter was developed; and Gothic letters are in many ways akin to the
fundamental forms of Gothic architecture.

So... Gothic fonts can be recognized by their free and restless spirit.

medieval scribes used the Round Gothic as an easy and legible handwritten form, and linked many of the letters.

And Gothic fonts should all be legible, containing some interlinking forms.

In lieu of any detailed analysis of these letter shapes, it may
perhaps be sufficient to say that they were wholly and exactly
determined by the position of the quill, which was held rigidly
upright, after the fashion already described in speaking of
Roman lettering; and that the letters were always formed with a round
swinging motion of hand and arm, as their forms and accented lines
clearly evidence

Bracchial gyrations and erect quill posture appear to be critical factors as well.