A potential association was found for exposure to ambient air concentrations of suspected neurotoxicant hazardous air pollutants, specifically aromatic solvents, among place of residence in 2002 and 1999 and risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Data on two case-control study populations of infants with neural tube defects (NTDs) and nonmalformed controls delivered in California between 1987 and 1991 were pooled to investigate whether maternal residential proximity to applications of specific pesticides or physicochemical groups of pesticides during early gestation increases the risk of these malformations.

Higher urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a marker of DNA damage) in an area without obvious arsenic exposure was a strong predictor of renal cell carcinoma; urinary 8-OHdG was significantly related to urinary total arsenic, and high levels of 8-OHdG combined with arsenic might be indicative of arsenic-induced renal cell carcinoma.

Our screening design was limited by exposure misclassification of air pollutants and the use of an alternate developmental disorder as the control group, both of which may have biased results toward the null. Despite these limitations, methylene chloride, quinoline, and styrene emerged (based on this analysis and prior epidemiologic evidence) as candidates that warrant further investigation for a possible role in autism etiology.

Statistically significant relative risks for colorectal cancer mortality at a municipal level were detected in the vicinity of mining industry, paper and wood production, food and beverage sector, metal production and processing installations, and ceramics.

We report early health effects and biological monitoring in persons occupationally exposed to tetraethyl lead in China for the years 1990-1992, including for gasoline depot workers and traffic police officers.

We searched to identify patterns of metal mixtures which could suggest common environmental sources and/or metabolic pathways of different urinary metals, and compared metal-mixtures in two population-based studies from urban/sub-urban and rural/town areas in the US.

This study found low to moderate inorganic arsenic exposure and confirmed long-term constancy in arsenic exposure and urine excretion patterns in American Indians from three U.S. regions over a 10-year period.

Our study confirms a previously reported, but frequently questioned, association between exposure to inorganic arsenic and diabetes, and is the first to link the risk of diabetes to the production of one of the most toxic metabolites of inorganic arsenic, DMAsIII (dimethylarsinite).

Our study reinforces and expands on previous observations that dietary arsenic exposure via food is an important route for arsenic intake by the general population and that in some cases it can be even a greater source arsenic exposure than drinking water.

Our results show that the mothers' education, socioeconomic status, and body mass index were associated with urinary arsenic concentrations, and that arsenic exposure in pregnancy increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infection and diarrhea during infancy in Bangladesh.

We confirmed that estimated dietary intake of arsenic (total and inorganic) and mercury is significantly associated with their corresponding biomarkers in US Asians; in contrast, estimated dietary intake of cadmium and lead were not significantly associated with their corresponding biomarker levels in US Asians.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are predictable relationships among major arsenic species in tobacco that could be useful for risk assessment; the dominance of inorganic arsenic species among those components analysed is a marked feature of the diverse range of tobaccos selected for study.

Results show a statistically significant positive correlation between transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) concentration in bladder urothelial cells and each of six arsenic species present in urine, suggesting that TGFA may serve as a susceptibility marker.

Our results showed that when exposed to the same arsenic environment, different individuals exhibited different urinary arsenic metabolism patterns; gender and ethnicity affect these differences and genetic polymorphisms may be effectors too (especially genes GSTO1 and AS3MT).

Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic seems to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus through the reduction of beta-cell function, with an enhanced effect seen in the presence of the at-risk genotype (SNP-43) in CAPN10 gene, and the association of SNP-43 with beta-cell function was dependent on inorganic arsenic exposure, age, gender, and body mass index.

In utero arsenic exposure was associated with a higher risk of infection during the first year of life in our study population, particularly infections requiring medical treatment, and with diarrhea and respiratory symptoms.

We identified the expression of AQP9 as a potential fetal biomarker for arsenic exposure; as well, we identified a positive association between the placental expression of phospholipase ENPP2 and infant birth weight; these findings suggest a path by which arsenic may affect birth outcomes.

The influence of the level of arsenic exposure was evaluated on 120 chronic-exposed inhabitants of several locations in the Chaco-Pampean Plains (Argentina); a clear influence of age, gender, level of arsenic exposure, and the presence of T860C polymorphism (in the AS3MT gene) was observed on arsenic metabolic profile.

Women had a significantly higher methylation capability of arsenic than men. The findings suggested that not only the dose of arsenic exposure but also the arsenic methylation capability have an impact on the individual susceptibility to skin lesions induced by coal arsenic exposure.

Drinking water arsenic concentration and intake were positively associated with serum matrix metalloproteinase MMP9, both in crude analysis and after adjustment for gender, country/ethnicity, age, body mass index, current smoking, and diabetes.

In response to concerns regarding arsenic in soil from a pesticide manufacturing plant, we conducted a biomonitoring study on children younger than 7 years of age, the age category of children most exposed to soil.

This data suggests that genetic polymorphisms in gene GSTT1 contribute to the observed variability in arsenic metabolism, and GSTT1 null individuals may be more susceptible to arsenic-related toxicity; no significant associations were observed for gene GSTM1.

Epidemiologic studies should use both urinary Arsenic (UAs) concentrations and the relative proportion of UAs to minimize measurement error and to facilitate interpretation of factors that influence arsenic metabolism.