DSpace 類別:http://hdl.handle.net/11455/82084
Thu, 21 Mar 2019 18:44:16 GMT2019-03-21T18:44:16Z雷射列印系統數學模式之建立與模擬http://hdl.handle.net/11455/72739
標題: 雷射列印系統數學模式之建立與模擬
作者: 陳正倫; 翁精邦
摘要: 隨選列印已經成為一個競爭激烈的全球市場。而光電成像技術則是解決快速列印需求之不二選擇，其相關研究仍是一個蓬勃發展之領域。雷射印表機則為使用光電成像技術最典型之產品。本研究嘗試結合雷射列印系統中最重要之三個子過程，即充電、曝光以及顯像，並加入掃描線距模式，我們獲得一可預測從二元輸入影像至碳粉影像之整合模式。透過模擬列印測試影像，並與實際列印影像比較，所獲得之整合模式的確可以有效預測列印影像。; On-demand printing has recently become a competitive worldwide industry. For high-speedprinting, electrophotography is the technology of choice. Laser printer is one of the well-known consumer products having electrophotography as its kernel technology. In this paper, we develop a composite mathematical model for a typical laser printing system. The model integrates three of the fundamental steps, i.e., charging, exposure, and development, in electrophotographic process along with a sub-model describing the scanline spacing. Effectiveness of the model for predicting print images is verified by comparison of the simulated and actual printed images.Thu, 01 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/11455/727392007-11-01T00:00:00Z使用影像修補技術消除數位單眼相機感光元件染塵http://hdl.handle.net/11455/72740
標題: 使用影像修補技術消除數位單眼相機感光元件染塵
作者: 吳俊霖; 盧敏曜
摘要: 隨著單眼相機在消費市場上越來越普遍，使用人數逐年增加，這使得數位單眼相機容易出現感光元件染塵（即CCD染塵現象）的問題變得不容忽視。雖然有CCD染塵現象的數位單眼相機可以送往廠商以人工手動清除，不過通常價格昂貴，而且一不小心就有可能傷及CCD，到時候可能更要花一大筆費用來修理，得不償失。最近有一些相機廠商發明出「感光元件自我清理架構」，利用壓電元件產生超音波震動，讓粉塵脫落，不過對於黏度較高的粉塵，則效果不彰。
於是有人提出用傳統去雜訊的方法來將影像上的粉塵清除，由於粉塵雜點比一般雜訊要大得多，因此如果只是使用一般中值濾波器將會失敗。另外，也有人提出利用市面上的影像處理軟體，例如Photoshop的修復筆刷工具與PhotoImpact的修容工具等，來將粉塵拿掉，但是類似這樣的工具，都必須自己手動選取要拿掉的粉塵並自己找材質來填補，因此耗時耗力。而本篇論文的目的則是提出一個能夠自動偵測粉塵的演算法，同時利用影像修補的技術，將影像上令人困擾的粉塵去除，並且維持影像中的材質與線性結構的完整。實驗結果顯示，所提演算法能有效解決數位影像的感光元件染塵問題。; The digital cameras are becoming more and more popular nowadays. Digital SLRs not only allow photographers to use inter-changeable lenses to get different ranges of zoom and depth of field, but also give the users more control, it helps to take a better picture. Recently the number of digital SLR users is rising steadily as the equipments drop in price. However, unlike film cameras, current digital SLRs suffer from a frustrating weakness: sensor dust. It is obvious that the dust can damage the photos seriously. Clearning dust on sensors is almost universally warned against by camera makers. If we remove the dust directly by the sensor brush, we might scratch or otherwise damage the cover glass over the sensor, therefore are responsible for the cost of repairs. Camera manufacturers have introduced the dust-reduction solution that involves anti-static coatings and vibration-cleaning of the low-pass filter. However, they can not remove the dust particles with high viscosity effectively.
Some photographers propose to correct this problem in software. The traditional noise reduction methods such as median filter do not perform well in removing the dust spots, since the size of the noise in digital photos caused by dust is large. Some image editing software such as Adobe Photoshop and Ulead Photoimpact also provide the healing brush and clone stamp to stamp out the dust specs, one at a time. However, it is a time-consuming and tedious process if we are taking many photos that suffer from this problem. In this paper, we deveop an automatic spots removal algorithm based on the inpainting technique. We first propose a noise detection algorithm to identify the dust spots, it uses Sobel filter and the process is fully automatic. A fast exemplar-based image inpainting approach is then proposed to fill holes of dust spots in images, it achieves accurate propagation of linear structures. Several examples on real images are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Thu, 01 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/11455/727402007-11-01T00:00:00Z以0.13微米互補式金氧半導體實現17-GHz差動控制之非可變電容形態的電感電容式壓控震盪器http://hdl.handle.net/11455/72738
標題: 以0.13微米互補式金氧半導體實現17-GHz差動控制之非可變電容形態的電感電容式壓控震盪器
作者: 楊清淵; 張智翔
摘要: The paper describes a 17-GHz monolithic LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillator (VCOs) with a tunable-inductance technique implemented in a 0.13-?m CMOS technology. The performance of LC-based oscillators heavily depends on the quality of inductors and capacitors. Traditionally, the mostly used approach of on-chip inductors is the spiral inductor made of metal tracks available. Since it is difficult to vary the value of monolithic inductors, the LC-tank includes a voltage-dependent capacitor. i.e., varactor, to tune oscillating frequencies and to synthesize the specified frequency band under all conditions. Unlike the traditional tuning method by a varactor, in this work a tunable inductor, which is introduced by a transformer based on tuning currents from the active components controlled by the input voltage, is employed in the VCO. The tunable inductor uses a transformer to compensate for the energy loss and achieves to change the oscillating frequencies. Without a varactor, the oscillator can easily arrive at the requirement for high-frequency operation. The VCO using a symmetry trasformer provides the tuning range of 16.67 to 17.47 GHz (4.7%) at a 1.2V supply. With operating in a 17-GHz band, the measured phase noise is -110 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset, and the VCO dissipates around 3.6 mW.; 本篇論文描述17-GHz電感電容共振式之可調電感的壓控振盪器，並以0.13微米互補式金氧半導體製程技術實現單晶片電路，最後實驗加以驗證。電感電容共振式壓控振盪器的特性主要決定於電路中的電感和電容的性質。傳統上，高頻積體電路採用的晶片電感金屬層環繞而成的螺旋電感來設計；然而，由於很難去改變其電感量，因此電感電容共振器會包含一個與電壓特性有關的電容元件--可變電容，用來調整振盪頻率，合成各種所需的頻率規格。不同於傳統作法，我們所設計的壓控振盪器之頻率調變方式是利用控制電壓改變主動元件上的電流，進而影響變壓器上的等效電感，亦即利用變壓器在能量上的補償來做改變共振器的電感達到頻率改變的目的。少了可變電容的使用，共振器的振盪頻率就可以增加，進而達到更高頻率的需求。此壓控振盪器是使用對稱型的變壓器，在1.2伏特的供應電壓中，可提供16.67到17.47GHz的可調頻率範圍（4.7%）。當操作在17 GHz的頻率時，其相對的相位雜訊在1 MHz偏移處為-110dBc/Hz，電路本身所消耗功率為3.6毫瓦。Thu, 01 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/11455/727382007-11-01T00:00:00Z飲用水中非結核性分枝桿菌之分子生物技術快速鑑定http://hdl.handle.net/11455/72741
標題: 飲用水中非結核性分枝桿菌之分子生物技術快速鑑定
作者: 洪俊雄; 林蕙俞; 許淑娟; 王郁芬
摘要: Drinking water pipe lines in developed countries had been popularly installed for many years. However, environmental microorganisms such as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) could intrude and grow inside of the pipe lines through the aging pipe junctions. NTM is a group of microorganisms which are not only commonly being found in the soil and natural water body but also are often being found in the water supply system of some medical institutes. Human diseases will likely being induced if the person drinks or contacts the NTM-contaminated water directly. This infection is particularly serious when happened on the low-resistance person or those who suffered from immunodeficiency. Currently, many developed countries have been scheduling adding NTM measurement into their biological drinking water standard. Since only total cell count and E. coli measurement are listed in the drinking water standard, there is truly a need of establishing background information of NTM existing in the drink water system of Taiwawn.
On the identification of NTM. pure culture incubation method is well accepted. However, this traditional method is not only time-consuming but also lacking accuracy. In this study, a fast NTM identification method was developed based on the newly developed molecular method. Gene targets including 16S rRNA (containing evolutionary information) and a 65 KDa heat shock protein gene (hsp) (containing uique antibiotic information) were selected for gene amplification and analysis. Molecular methods including Polymerase Chain Reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis were combined for distinguishing the isolated NTM pure cultures. Optimized experiment procedure was established and it was concluded that either 16S rRNA or hsp gene could be used for this fast identification purpose. But for a more accurate identification, using hsp gene as target is more appropriate.; 已開發國家的自來水管線雖然普及，但常因年久失修、管線老舊等因素使得周遭環境中的微生物例如非結核性分枝桿菌（non-tuberculous mycobacteria, NTM）入侵並在管線中滋長。NTM細菌廣泛地存在於土壤及自來水體中，亦常在醫療照護機構供水系統中被發現，飲用或接觸到受NTM污染的自來水將可能引起疾病，尤其對於抵抗力較差或是免疫不全的病患更容易造成重大傷害。許多先進國家已經陸續將非結核性分枝桿菌列入生物性水質指標項目中，但在台灣的水質品管項目中，有關細菌的監測項目仍僅有總菌數和大腸桿菌菌數，實有必要先行針對台灣地區飲用水中的NTM細菌進行背景調查，以作為未來訂定相關法規之依據。
針對NTM的鑑定，目前仍以傳統培養方法最為普遍，但檢驗過程耗時繁瑣且正確性不足，而且尚未有公認的快速鑑別方法。因此，本研究計畫嘗試以分子生物技術方式建立對NTM菌種快速鑑別方法，分別以16S rRNA（具有高度演化保守性）及65 KDa熱休克蛋白（heat shock protein, hsp）基因（免疫反應區域獨特性）作為目標序列，藉由聚合?連鎖反應（Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR）結合變性梯度凝膠電泳（Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, DGGE）進行分析及比對。在建立出最佳實驗條件以後，結果顯示，無論使用16S rRNA或hsp gene作為目標序列，配合PCR-DGGE皆可快速鑑別水體中是否有不同的NTM菌種存在。此外，根據本研究結果發現，使用hsp gene作為目標序列，可以更有效地鑑別出飲用水中之不同NTM菌種。Thu, 01 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/11455/727412007-11-01T00:00:00Z