Bio Final pt.1

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Chapter 1

A scientific hypothesis has all the following features EXCEPT that it is:
falsifiable.
a possible explanation for something.
based on observations.
able to be proven true

Able to be proven true

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation of one or more observations it must be _______,_________, and not based on judgements.

testable,falsifiable

An explanation supported by a very large amount of experimental evidence is a ________________.

Scientific Theory

Mehran has heard from some of his teammates that drinking a high protein supplement after football training will improve his muscle mass. He
decides to test this hypothesis by examining the effect of a high protein drink on some of his teammates compared with what happens with a control group who drink only water. Which of the following would be the best control for his
experiment?A.)randomly selected teammates
B.)volunteers from the football team who agree to take a placebo instead of a protein drink
C.)volunteers from the general campus population who begin football training and are given a protein drink
D.)randomly selected teammates who are given only small amounts of a protein drink
E.) volunteers from the general campuspopulation who are not given any protein drink
in training who are given a placebo instead of a protein drink

A.)randomly selected teammates in training who are given a placebo instead of a protein drink

(this multiple choice question has been scrambled)

A __________ is a factor in an experiment that can be manipulated.

Variable

To combine a series of specific observations to make a general principal is_________.

Inductive Reasoning

What is hypothesis testing based on?
*Making a prediction about the outcome of a test if/then*

Deductive Reasoning

_____________ Factors other than the tested hypothesis that may explain observations

Alternative Hypothesis

The __________ variable changes throughout the experiment, the __________ is what is observed and the ________ stay the same.

Independent, dependent, Control

An experiment in which individuals are not aware of exactly what they are predicted to experience is a?

Blind Experiemnt

An experiment is called double blind when?

neither the subjects not the researchers know who is in the experimental and control groups

relationship between two variables

Correlation

Model Organisms are typically _________.

Mammals

on a graph the x-axis represents_________ variable and the ______ represents the dependent variable

Independent, Y-axis

__________ is the specialized branch of mathematics used to evaluate and comapare data.

Statistics

_________ test can be used to extend the results from a sample to the entire population

Statistical

A ___________ ____________ result is one that is very unlikely to be due to chance differences between the experimental and control groups, showing a big difference between the groups.

statistically significant

When an experiment has a large sample size, and there is a large difference between the results in the experimental and control groups, it is ________ that the experimental results are statistically significant.

Very Likely

Certain researchers have published peer-reviewed reports that use of zinc lozenges reduces the length and severity of cold symptoms. What
is one reason why some scientists are still skeptical about the merits of using zinc lozenges during a cold?

There may be other reasons why the people taking zinc lozenges recovered faster, such as stress levels or differences in their immune systems.

Effect on a chance on experimental results________

Sampling Error

A statistical measure of the amount of variability in a sample

standard measure

Statistical analysis of experimental results determines

the likelihood that the results are due to the

experimental treatment.

What does it mean to say that experimental results are peer reviewed?

the results are analyzed by other scientists before they are published.

Written by researchers themselves.

Primary Sources

Books, news reports, and advertisements

Secondary sources

Anecdotal Evidence is?

advice based on ones personal experience

All the following are signs that a website contains reliable scientific information EXCEPT that the site

A.)is set up to allow you to buy
the product being described.

B.)avoids anecdotal evidence.

C.)is frequently updated to
incorporate recent information.

D.)backs up its claims with
references to primary sources.

E.)is maintained by a reputable
medical establishment.

A.)is set up to allow you to buy the product being described.

Chapter 2!

Imagine some table sugar dissolved in water. Which term best describes the water?

Solvent

A substance that dissolves when mixed with another liquid that substance is called a ________.

Solute

When a solute is dissolved in a liquid, that liquid is called a ___________.

Solvent

Because the electrons in a water molecule are shared
unequally between hydrogen and oxygen, water is said to be

Polar

Different regions/poles of the molecule have different charges means it is _______.
*water*

Polar

In general, what makes one kind of amino acid different from
other amino acids?

the side group

Polysaccharides are polymers of

sugars

_________ is the organelle that performs photosynthesis.

Chloroplast

The ____________performs cellular respiration

Mitochondrion

______ is found in both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

DNA

The ________ defines the outer boundary of all cells, separating the cell's contents from its environment.

Plasma Membrane

A(n) ________ is the fundamental structural unit of life on Earth.

Cell

Each is a lipid EXCEPTA.)cellulose
B.)Phospholipids
C.)Cholesterol
D.)Fat
E.)Steroids

A.)Cellulose

(this multiple choice question has been scrambled)

Chapter 3!

Water,Carbohydrates,proteins,and fats are all_________.

Macronutrients

Vitamins(supplements) are __________.

Micronutrients

In commercial food manufacturing, hydrogenation is used to

make an unsaturated fat more saturated.

The proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body are called

Enzymes

What is the intracellular destination of nutrients that
provide energy and are the products of digestion in the human body?

Mitochondria

With no input of cellular energy, oxygen found in a high concentration in your lungs will move through the cell membrane into the capillaries surrounding your lungs, an area of lower concentration. This is an example of

Simple Diffusion

Diffusion is_______

the movement of molecules form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A _____________ membrane has a phospholipid bilayer.

Plasma

Even though they're extremely small, viruses are too large to enter a cell by passive or active transport and thus must enter a host cell via

Endocytosis

Phospholipid bilayer membranes are
*allow some to pass and blocks others*

differentially permeable

True/False
Hypertension is a major disease associated with
lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet.