{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/801204"], "description"=>"<p><b>A</b>, Concentration of norepinephrine at different time points in the perfusion medium, using a perfusion flow rate of 10 mL/min. <b>B</b>, Clearance rate of norepinephrine at conditions of different perfusion flow. In the hypoperfusion group, the perfusion flow rate is 10 mL/min for the initial 30 min, followed by 5 mL/min for the succeeding 60 min. In the control group, the perfusion flow rate is constant at 10 mL/min for 90 min. *<i>P</i><0.01 vs. control. <b>C</b>, Dose-response curve analysis (renal flow/norepinephrine clearance) in isolated perfused rat kidney model. The norepinephrine clearance is increased with increment in perfusion flow below 10mL/min while the clearance remained stable at 15mL/min as compared with 10mL/min. <b>D</b>, Renalase activity and concentration in the perfusate at different time points during the perfusion. The activity and concentration are undetectable at time 0. But within 10 minutes of the initiation of norepinephrine perfusion, renalase activity and concentration increased significantly and remained high after 20 minutes during the perfusion procedure. n = 5 per group.</p>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["clearance", "hypoperfused"], "article_id"=>471575, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Cancer"], "users"=>["Rong Gu", "Wen Lu", "Jun Xie", "Jian Bai", "Biao Xu"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014633.g002", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>1, "page_views"=>7, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/_Norepinephrine_clearance_is_decreased_in_the_hypoperfused_kidney_/471575", "title"=>"Norepinephrine clearance is decreased in the hypoperfused kidney.", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>1, "published_date"=>"2011-01-31 00:26:15"}

{"files"=>["https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/400659"], "description"=>"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sympathetic overactivity and catecholamine accumulation are important characteristic findings in heart failure, which contribute to its pathophysiology. Here, we identify a potential mechanism underlying norepinephrine accumulation in a rat model of heart failure.</p><h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>Initially, we constructed a rat model of unilateral renal artery stenosis (n = 16) and found that the expression of renalase, a previously identified secreted amine oxidase, was markedly reduced in the ischemic compared to the non-ischemic kidney (protein: 0.295±0.085 versus 0.765±0.171, <em>p</em><0.05). Subsequently, we utilized an isolated perfused rat kidney model to demonstrate that the clearance rate of norepinephrine decreased with reduction of perfusion flow. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized the reduced renal blood supply which occurs in heart failure would result in impaired synthesis of renalase by the kidney and consequently reduced degradation of circulating norepinephrine. To verify this, we used a rat model of infarction-induced heart failure (n = 12 per group). In these rats, the flow velocity of renal artery, when measured at four weeks, is obviously lower in the operation group. Renal expression of renalase was reduced (protein: 0.476±0.043 for control, 0.248±0.029 for operation versus 0.636±0.151 for sham-operation) and this was associated with an increase in circulating norepinephrine (0.168±0.016 ng/mL for control, 0.203±0.019 ng/mL for operation versus 0.138±0.008 ng/mL for sham-operation).</p><h3>Conclusions/Significance</h3><p>Renalase expression is influenced by renal blood flow and impaired synthesis of renalase by the kidney may represent a potential mechanism underlying circulating norepinephrine accumulation in heart failure.</p></div>", "links"=>[], "tags"=>["renalase", "deficiency", "circulating", "norepinephrine", "accumulation"], "article_id"=>139131, "categories"=>["Medicine", "Cancer"], "users"=>["Rong Gu", "Wen Lu", "Jun Xie", "Jian Bai", "Biao Xu"], "doi"=>"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014633", "stats"=>{"downloads"=>36, "page_views"=>2, "likes"=>0}, "figshare_url"=>"https://figshare.com/articles/Renalase_Deficiency_in_Heart_Failure_Model_of_Rats_A_Potential_Mechanism_Underlying_Circulating_Norepinephrine_Accumulation/139131", "title"=>"Renalase Deficiency in Heart Failure Model of Rats—A Potential Mechanism Underlying Circulating Norepinephrine Accumulation", "pos_in_sequence"=>0, "defined_type"=>3, "published_date"=>"2011-01-31 02:32:11"}