International RElations of the Middle East

6. How did the U.S. respond to the Soviet influences/ threats in Greece and Turkey, and why? What is the Truman Doctrine? 62-64. United Stated responded to the Soviet influences in Greece and Turkey by issuing a new policy called Truman Doctrine. This doctrine was issued by US president Harry Truman in 1947 to assist Greece and Turkey economically as well as militarily in order to prevent them from falling into Soviet control.

7. Which countries were more dependent on Middle Eastern oil than the others? Was the Soviet Union dependent on the Middle East? To what extent did oil play a role in the Cold War competition of the Soviet Union and the U.S. in the Middle East? What was the Soviet Union’s motivation for becoming involved in the Middle East? United States was more depended on Middle Eastern oil than USSR as the United States was controlling 42% of Middle Eastern oil by 1940s. It cannot be said that Soviet Union depended on Middle Eastern oil since Russia already had enough and more oilfields at home that could feed its national interests. It is difficult to say that oil played a major role as it actually did not. Oil was only something to be used in the discussions or excuses supporting more-or less undemocratic regimes. Also, as mentioned earlier, Russia had immense recourses of its own, thus oil never played as a continuous issue between West and East. Soviet Union’s motivation for becoming involved in the Middle East was to spread its social and economic ideology, which was communism. 8. How did the clash of communism with Western “free market” ideologies play out in the Middle East? Did any Middle Eastern country become communist? Which of the Middle Eastern countries approached the Soviet Union for weapons purchases, economic aid, financial loans and support for their security against their regional rivals? 66-69 The clash of Communism with Western “free market”...

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Executive summary
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