Sharpstown Junior-Senior High School opened in 1968 in the campus now occupied by Sharpstown International School. In 1970, the junior and senior high schools separated, with the senior high going into a new campus.[5]

During the final day of school around 11 A.M. on June 2, 1988, three African-American teenagers attacked a White football player in an Algebra class. The fight grew to 100 participants with around 400 students watching the race riot.[9] Sixteen police cars and one helicopter traveled to the school,[10] and police closed Bissonnet Street for 45 minutes. Two students were hospitalized at Southwest Memorial Hospital. Police identified the main perpetrator as a 17-year-old former student who was expelled in 1987. Police said that he, along with two students, armed themselves with a nail-studded stick and a chain and looked for a target in revenge for an incident two months earlier, when a White football player beat two Black students.[9] The Algebra teacher pressed a panic button, but it did not work as they were turned off.[10] The teacher sent a student to report the incident.[9]

A 1988 Houston Chronicle article written one day after the brawl stated that Sharpstown had a history of racial tension.[9] Deborah Tedford and Burke Watson of the Houston Chronicle wrote that "The Sharpstown campus has been plagued with outbursts of violence during school year — with parents taking to the halls as volunteer security monitors in November to quell disturbances."[10] Gayle Fallon, president of the Houston Federation of Teachers, criticized the school. Fallon said that the school should have taken more precautionary measures to ensure a racially motivated fight did not happen.[10] Larry Yawn, an HISD spokesperson, and principal Don Carlisle said the officials were not aware of rumors about an upcoming fight.[10]

In spring 1991, as a result of the 1988 scuffle, Carlisle prohibited students from wearing Confederate States of America-related clothing at the May 17 prom. Five White students faced ejection when they were found with the clothing; some White students criticized the school, saying that it had a double standard as it allowed African-American students to wear Malcolm X-related clothing. The same students said that racial tensions had decreased from 1988 levels.[11]

In January 1991 a fire destroyed two portable classrooms; police believed that the fire, extinguished in 20 minutes, was arson. The damages were estimated to be from $50,000 to $75,000.[12]

In September 1991 when Sharpstown increased its student parking fee from $40 to $50, some students threatened to walk out of school.[13]

The school administration wanted a magnet program to encourage area students to attend the school. By 1995 the school received a community service program.[14]

According to the Houston Independent School District October 2006 "For Your Information" newsletter, Sharpstown was one of four high schools that took the most Hurricane Katrina refugees.[citation needed]

A 2003 state audit of HISD's performance caused controversy. One of the district's most publicized accomplishments during the Rod Paige era was a dramatic reduction in dropout rates. When 16 secondary schools, including Sharpstown High School, were audited, it was found that most of the students who left those schools in 2000-2001 should have been counted as dropouts but were not.[15][16] It was found that the administrators at Sharpstown deliberately changed the dropout rate. The Sharpstown controversy resulted in a recommendation to label the entire HISD as "unacceptable." Former Sharpstown assistant principal Robert Kimball asserts that HISD coerced administrators at many schools to lie on dropout rates. HISD asserts that the fraud is only contained to Sharpstown and that the false statistics at other schools were caused by confusion related to the state's system of tracking students who leave school.

In 2007, a Johns Hopkins University study cited Sharpstown as a "dropout factory" where at least 40% of the entering freshman class does not make it to their senior year.[17] During that year 41% of high-school-age children zoned to Sharpstown chose to attend a different Houston ISD school.[18]

From 2002 to 2009, the graduating rate increased from 73.5% to 75.4%. Gretchen Gavett of Frontline said that the gain was "small."[19]

By 2010, Sharpstown High School had improved to a 587th U.S. national ranking.[20]

Texas Governor Rick Perry held a press conference on August 24, 2010 at Sharpstown HS to discuss education initiatives.[21]

Sharpstown was the focus of a PBSFrontline episode called "Dropout Nation," about a program implemented at Sharpstown to prevent dropouts. The episode followed four Sharpstown students at risk of dropping out.[22]

Charles Rotramel, the owner of the nonprofit program Youth Advocates, stated in a 2006 Houston Chronicle article that Lee High School, Westbury High School, and Sharpstown High School have suffered from the actions of youth criminal gangs.[23] By January 2006, on one internet bulletin board, gangs stated that they "run" Sharpstown High School; Terry Abbott, the Houston ISD spokesperson, denied all such statements.[24]

As of 2009-2010, the Apollo football program is headed up by Coach Devin Heasley, and Coordinators Isaiah Johnson (Defense) and Jeff Whitehall (Offense). They rank number 2 in their district. The 2011-2012 Apollo football program won their first district championship in school history (6-0) record with Dallas Blacklock as their head coach

In 1996 and 1998, the Armed Drill Team "The Phantom Silent Drill Team" won 1st place in a state competition at the Bluebonnet Drill Meet. In 2001, the team also won 2nd and 3rd overall in a National Drill Meet competition, which included 60 schools nationwide. Making this the first time in HISD history, a JROTC school has place at a national level.

This list is incomplete.Italicized public schools are not in the "full purpose" Houston city limits (See map) but have portions of Houston in their attendance boundary, while italicized private schools are in municipalities that are surrounded by Houston and/or are in unincorporated areas but have Houston postal addresses.