Tuesday, May 22, 2007

Throughout a standard education in U.S. History, one is undoubtably to hear the phrase -- or cliche -- "History is written by the winners." I don't know who coined it, but I remember, when I first heard it in those halcyon days of High School, it was easy enough to absorb its obvious truths and then, like most people, quickly dismiss it. When you're a student and just trying to get through those traumatic years of adolescence, there is no real reason to question further -- If History is written by "the winners" then what part of the picture is missing? Also, we won, right?

As I mentioned in an earlier post, I have only recently discovered the scholarship of Noam Chomsky. I was 15 when Good Will Hunting came out and it was the first time I ever heard a reference to Chomsky's Manufacturing Consent, and in the same scene, Will makes reference to Howard Zinn's People's History of The United States. Both books and, indeed, both authors are usually stigmatized as "radicals" and shoved neatly to the side of more conventional approaches to U.S. History. Both these professors hold mirrors up to American life and history and by marginalizing their voices, we have lost something invaluable: a sense of who we are and the country in which we live.

I admit, that if only for literary purposes, I much prefer reading the standard version of American history. I marvel at our relatively young nation's ability to have so quickly embraced an almost mythical creation narrative -- great men, in defiance of the tyrannical ruler from a distant land, established what is in my opinion one of the great works of art in history. For many, including myself, this myth is enough to embolden endless patriotism, but our understanding of our "Founding Fathers" and this period of our history must delve further if we are to truly grasp the nature of their intentions and the limitations of our country.

We hold the Bill of Rights today as an almost sacred document, yet there remain glaring anachronisms within its text (the whole thing about quartering a British soldier). We often overlook the plight of the Native Americans involved in America's "Manifest Destiny" expansion. The truth is that the founding fathers were not perfect men -- they understood all too well their own limitations -- and it took decades of atrocities and the Civil War for us to finally get rid of one of America's most relied upon institutions, slavery. There are endless examples of haineous and absure acts committed by past leaders, not the least of which is the duel pictured above between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr.

I don't need to go through all the nonsense etched on the underbelly of U.S. History, for that you can read Zinn. The process that those of us interested in America -- and who claim devout patriotism -- must undertake is akin to those moments of our youth which sparked our adolescent angst -- when you first see your father cry or the epiphanies that lead you to the fact that your parents are not the embodiment of perfection. Just as it became clear that your parents were human, so it must be revealed that your homeland is deeply flawed. While at first this may be tough to accept (hence those years of adolescence), it is a necessary step towards self-realization and maturity. As we come to discover, those prelapsarian versions of your parents weren't true and that the love you have for them after the fall is that much deeper because of it. Realizing your parents are imperfect brings them down to you, painfully exposing what is also flawed in you, but the end result is an understanding that leads to empowerment.

It is the same with our relationship to American history and to our current government. When we place our officials on untouchable pedastols, we strip them of their human qualities and, by doing so, we blind ourselves to the plain reality of their faults. (Side note: It is almost paradoxical Americans liked Bush cause he was just a regular guy, and many of those who elected him for this reason refuse to accept the limitations and faults that their "regular guy" president has.) Accepting the defects of our govenment and the human frailties of our leaders is not unpatriotic; in fact, it can deepen ones patriotism, for if our leaders are flawed like we are then what is stopping us from becoming leaders ourselves. We each hold a stake in this country and it's future narrative, but before we work together towards a "more perfect union", we must first embrace its past and present imperfections. Winston Churchill once said, "Democracy is the worst form of government..." at face value a cynical take, but then he added, "...except for all those others that have been tried." So we must first admit that we were dealt a less than great hand, but it's the best out there and it remains encumbant upon us to improve upon it.

Voices of dissent or criticism are not "radical"; they are necessary. If Chomsky and Zinn are "radical" it is only because they wish to provide us with an alternative (and extremely necessary) lens through which to view ourselves -- as lens usually omitted from standard education. The real truism is that when our History is syphoned through the winners' pens, we all lose something.

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Nice post capetown. Did you see the article on narratives and human intelligence in the nytimes today? They were saying how important the stories we tell about ourselves (out loud or otherwise) are for our behavior and personality. Something literary folk have innately understood for centuries. What you might be getting at here is that the stories we tell about ourselves as a nation may be just as important for our national persona and behavior. I don't think anyone has researched this extension of the personal narrative theory, but I suspect someone will. I find it very exciting to think that stories, be they personal anecdotes or national histories, are important aspects of identity and not wan accounts of the static past.

Thanks, brotha. I did read that article in NYTimes. Very interesting for anyone to read, especially if you have a penchant for literature and/or introspection. Five times in Joyce's Ulysses appears the phrase "retrospective arrangement." In regards to the novel, it alludes to many things (Joyce's recreation of 1904 Dublin as text; his recreation of younger self in the character of Stephen Deadalus, etc.) but also the repetition of the phrase throughout the book speaks to the fluid nature of our self-creation and self-recreation.

As the article points out, our narratives, like our national histories are formed from a myriad perspectives aimed at a limitless set of experience and data. At any one point could I paint myself a tortured genius, a sad clown, a unrequited lover, or just a goof ball. Because of this, as it pertains to our national identity, our tendancy to form into factions (as described nicely by BostonD in his last post) is not only deletarious to "truth debate" but also altogether contrived. Just as my past and American history can follow a number of narratives at any one time, we as individual Americans can find similarities and connections between political lines. All is fluid and any attempt to designate oneself with a label undermines one's ability to exist fully, for they are effectively religating themselves to the singular when they are by nature plural.

I think you bring up some very valid points in your post. The leaders of our nation, both past and present, were and are human. They come complete with their own failings and problems. I don’t think it detracts from them or our nation. I think it makes our nation and these leaders that much more impressive. That we have achieved what we have, even with our failings, is a tribute to the United States.

A word of caution on some of the authors you cite. I haven’t read any of Chomsky’s books, but I have read some of his articles and interviews. Chomsky feels he can make a statement that doesn’t require any proof to back up. For example, he believes that an act by an individual can be labeled as a “bad act” if there is simply the possibility of that act leading to a bad consequence. I am not making that up; I am almost directly quoting him. Read Chomsky, and any other historian, with a grain of salt.

If you wish to use Chomsky as a lens to examine the US History, I would recommend the other side of the coin with William Bennett’s America the Last Best Hope series. I would be very interested to know what you think after reading both authors.

I wrote a long response but something happened and it got erased, so I'll keep this short(ish).

First, I think that there may have been an unstated assumption that led to what seems like a basic misunderstanding here. The issue that I brought up in my post does not fit into the context of our currect political debate -- Right v. Left, Democrat or Republican. I am speaking only of our standard approach to our history.

The author you mentioned, Bennett, is too political for this discussion, having served both Reagan and Bush I and written extensively from an openly conservative perspective. It is true that Zinn is liberal, but his work, like that of Chomsky's shines an equally skeptical eye towards power, towards those in charge. This is what I'm getting at, the idea that History is written by the winners. Bennett's book that you mentioned just approaches our already rosy colored view of history with even greater zeal.

Just a side note about your comments on Chomsky. I have seldom come across a scholar of his capacity and breadth of knowledge. I can assure you that, while controversial, his arguments are deeply rooted in source materials and established facts. I'm sure many assume that he is some radical liberal, but one of his main points is that there is little difference between the two parties; he treats all forms of power equally. If you're looking for someone who just spouts opinions without factual verification, then Chomsky isn't your man.

A Dutch historian once said that "History is an argument without end." My point is that if we dismiss or refuse to add voices like Zinn and Chomsky into our standard view of American History, then this all-important debate ceases to exist and we are left as one hand patting itself on the back.

To use another high school history cliche, we learn history so that we do not repeat the same mistakes. If we solely stick to standard history courses, which focus on facts and glance superficially our past failures and injustices, then we are doomed to repeat them. Bennett's view does not pertain here. He is patriotic, to be sure, but I am arguing for a means to deepen that patriotism through a multi-sided and skeptical assessment of our nation.

America is a great nation that weilds unprecedented powers and influence to shape the future of our world, so all the more reason to take a skeptical approach in order to use this power in the best way. I am very much a patriot, but unlike many, I don't blindly love it for the country that it is; instead, I love it like one loves Jerry McGuire -- for the country that it wants to be and the nation it almost is.

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