Good morning ladies and gentlemen, thank you Keith for a nice introduction. I'm very glad to be here again, those of you who remember my presentation in Istanbul, may remember that I reported about the cement plant in Russia which should replace its 55% of the raw material inlet by wholesale waste.

Since that time a lot has changed, this plant was acquired by Eurocement group and they suddenly discovered that using alternative raw materials under alternative fuels, might be very profitable. Nevertheless, there's a very big discrepancy between the opportunities, huge opportunities in Russia and the reality and this is the topic of my presentation here's a timeline of waste management and main milestones in 60s the quantity of waste become a global problem while in 70s the oil crisis triggered energy efficiency and savings in using of oil and in 80s the legal and technical measures were finally established.

Soviet Union at the time was not an exception. However in 90s the Soviet Union collapsed, and since that time, a significant amount of waste was accumulated in the environment every year approximately 5 billion tons of waste is generated in Russia and only 26% of this comes to utilisation.

On a diagram right side, we can see that the top curve, this is the amount of waste generated in Russia per year what we can see on the diagram, firstly that in the last decade the amount of the waste generation almost doubled then in post crisis and crisis period went a little bit down to rise up much more quickly afterwards.

Today the quantity of waste generated in Russia is approximately 5.1 billion tons per year. The orange curve below indicates the amount of the waste which is neutralized which is somehow treated and as I said 26% much lower is recycled, is secondary used, and what is important as well is that the curve of the utilisation or neutralisation is rather flat while the curve for waste generation is very steeply going up.

On this chart we can see the geographic distribution of waste generation and we can tell that the Kuzbass region is the most waste loaded area because of coal I don't know, mining and processing facilities. Pay your attention of the panel on the top, right top you can see that 99% of the waste generated in Russia comes from industry, it is of course typical for heavy natural resources exploitation in Russia and Russia of course is natural resources based economy.

Well on this diagram is presented the waste mission policy of the Russian