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2 Crusades A series of wars between European Christians and MuslimsFromThey fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land

3 Jerusalem’s ImportanceJews: site of King Solomon’s TempleChristians: site of Christ’s death, resurrection (Church of Holy Sepulchre)Muslims: site of Muhammad’s ascension

4 Background Causes of CrusadesChristians had been going to Holy Land for centuries for pilgrimage, and Muslims never got in the pilgrims’ wayYear 1000 brought an increase of pilgrims1009: Al-Hakim (caliph) burns Church of Holy Sepulcher, but it’s re-built.

7 Pope Urban II and his callByzantine EmperorAlexius I asks Church forhelp against Turks1095: Pope Urban II issues a call for a “holy” war, or Crusade, to capture back Jerusalem from MuslimsPope assured that those that died in Crusade will have a place in Heaven

9 The First Crusade (1096-1099) Peasant army Knights UntrainedLacked military equipmentMany killed by Muslim TurksKnightsSucceeded in capturing Jerusalem

10 The Second Crusade ( )Europeans fail to recapture a “Crusader state” of Edessa—accomplished nothing!

11 The Third Crusade ( )1187: Muslims recapture Jerusalem! Led by Saladin.Saladin treated fallen enemies, including Christians, with courtesy. Known as chivalrous.Christians’ led by Richard “the Lionheart”, King of EnglandDespite war, eventually a truce with Saladin; Muslims kept control of Jerusalem, though Christians would be allowed in the city