Study predicts an ice-free Arctic by the 2050s

Accelerated climate warming could bring an ice-free September to the Arctic by 2054, a University at Albany study predicts.

Accelerated climate warming could bring an ice-free September to the Arctic by 2054, a University at Albany study predicts.

(Phys.org) —Accelerated climate warming propelled by greenhouse gas emissions could bring an ice-free September to the Arctic by 2054, a University at Albany scientist predicts.

In the study "Reducing spread in climate model projections of a September ice-free Arctic," published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, UAlbany Professor Jiping Liu of the Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences (DAES) used climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 to predict that the Arctic will reach an effective ice-free state—defined as less than 1 million square kilometers—between 2054 and 2058.

"An ice-free Arctic would have a significant impact on the ocean's ecosystems, biogeochemical feedback, and extreme weather and climate in the mid- and high-latitudes," he added. "It will also affect Arctic maritime and commercial activities, including shipping, transport, and energy exploration."

Minimum sea ice cover occurs during the month of September, which is summer in the Arctic. Within the past few decades, the Arctic polar icecap has declined in range and thinned dramatically. Satellite data shows September Arctic sea ice has decreased some 40 percent since the late 1970s.

The measurement of diminished sea ice capacity in 2007 and 2012 has triggered numerous predictions of an ice-free Arctic. Previous model simulations predicted ice-free summer scenarios in wider spreads, ranging from the year 2015 to the end of the 21st century. Liu's team analyzed recent simulations from 30 climate models and reduced the spread using two different methods:

Selecting models that best represent observed sea ice extent for 1979-2011, and

"The two different methods suggest that sea ice could decline to some 1.7 million square kilometers by 2060 in a moderate greenhouse gas emissions scenario, while a high-emission scenario could push the annual minimum below 1 million square kilometers in the 2050s," Liu said.