Source: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1170
Via NSUnarchiver we can read NSBuiltinCharacterSet with a controlled serialized state.
It reads a controlled int using decodeValueOfObjCType:"i" then either passes it to
CFCharacterSetGetPredefined or uses it directly to manipulate __NSBuiltinSetTable.
Neither path has any bounds checking and the index is used to maniupulate c arrays of pointers.
Attached python script will generate a serialized NSBuiltinCharacterSet with a value of 42
for the character set identifier.
tested on MacOS 10.12.3 (16D32)
Proof of Concept:
https://github.com/offensive-security/exploit-database-bin-sploits/raw/master/sploits/42050.zip