One of the most important developments in European history took place in communication. A transition is clearly visible from illiterate societies to societies in which most members are active users of the written word. This complex process, which started in Antiquity and is still not complete, gained momentum during the Middle Ages. Many disciplines have recently made contributions to our understanding of medieval communication: codicologists and historians of the book, anthropologists and psychologists, but also philosophers, sociologists, literary historians, classicists and theologians, economists, art historians and historians. This series is intended to provide a forum for publications on the history of non-verbal, oral and written communication in the Middle Ages. Interest in the subject is now widespread within the worldwide community of medieval studies, and ever more scholars are becoming convinced of the potential of studying the tensions between oral and literate modes of thought.