1866-At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream-becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).

1868-The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|14th Amendment-to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.

1914-World War I-Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after Serbia rejects the conditions of an ultimatum sent by Austria on July 23 following the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

1932-President of the United States|U.S. President-Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.

1933-Diplomacy#Diplomatic relations|Diplomatic relations-between the Soviet Union and Spain are established.

1938-''Hawaii Clipper-' disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific ''China Clipper'' service.

1942-World War II-Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227 in response to alarming Nazi Germany|German advances into the Soviet Union. Under the order all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishments including duty in a penal battalion, imprisonment in a gulag, or execution.

1945-A U.S. Army North American B-25 Mitchell|B-25-bomber B-25 Empire State Building crash|crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.