1.
Mexico
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Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States, to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean, to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea, and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers, Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area, Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Three centuries later, this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colonys Mexican War of Independence. The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by instability and many political changes. The Mexican–American War led to the cession of the extensive northern borderlands, one-third of its territory. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, the dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the countrys current political system. Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity, the Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement partners, especially the United States. Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and it is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. By 2050, Mexico could become the fifth or seventh largest economy. The country is considered both a power and middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas. Mexico is a country, ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity. In 2015 it was the 9th most visited country in the world, Mexico is a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance. Mēxihco is the Nahuatl term for the heartland of the Aztec Empire, namely, the Valley of Mexico, and its people, the Mexica and this became the future State of Mexico as a division of New Spain prior to independence. It is generally considered to be a toponym for the valley became the primary ethnonym for the Aztec Triple Alliance as a result. After New Spain won independence from Spain, representatives decided to name the new country after its capital and this was founded in 1524 on top of the ancient Mexica capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan

2.
President of Mexico
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The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces, the current President is Enrique Peña Nieto, who took office on December 1,2012. Currently, the office of the President is considered to be revolutionary, another legacy of the Revolution is its ban on re-election. Mexican presidents are limited to a single term, called a sexenio. No one who has held the post, even on a basis, is allowed to run or serve again. The constitution and the office of the President closely follow the system of government. Chapter III of Title III of the Constitution deals with the branch of government and sets forth the powers of the president. He is vested with the executive power of the Union. Be a resident of Mexico for at least twenty years, be thirty-five years of age or older at the time of the election. Be a resident of Mexico for the year prior to the election. Not be an official or minister of any church or religious denomination, not be in active military service during the six months prior to the election. Not have been president already, even in a provisional capacity, the ban on any sort of presidential re-election, dating back to the aftermath of the Porfiriato and the end of the Mexican Revolution, has remained in place even as it was relaxed for other offices. In 2014, the constitution was amended to allow Deputies and Senators to run for a consecutive term. Previously, Deputies and Senators were barred from successive re-election, however, the restriction on presidential re-election, even if it is nonsuccessive, remained in place. The presidential term was set at four years from 1821 to 1934, the president is elected by direct, popular, universal suffrage. Whoever wins a plurality of the national vote is elected. The most recent former President, Felipe Calderón, won with 36. 38% of the votes in the 2006 general election, finishing only 0.56 percent above his nearest rival, Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Former President Vicente Fox was elected with a plurality of 43% of the vote, Ernesto Zedillo won 48% of the vote

3.
Venustiano Carranza
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He secured power in Mexico, serving as head of state 1915-1917. With the promulgation of a new revolutionary Mexican Constitution of 1917, he was elected president, known as the Primer Jefe or First Chief of the Constitutionalists, Carranza was a shrewd politician rather than a military man. Maderos challenge to the Díaz regime in the 1910 elections and Maderos Plan de San Luis Potosí to nullify the elections and he was appointed governor of his home state of Coahuila by Madero. When Madero was murdered in February 1913, Carranza drew up the Plan de Guadalupe, Carranza became the leader of northern forces opposed to Huerta. He went on to lead the Constitutionalist faction to victory and become president of Mexico and he was far more conservative than either Southern peasant leader Emiliano Zapata or Northern revolutionary general Pancho Villa. Once firmly in power in Mexico, Carranza sought to eliminate his political rivals, Carranza won recognition from the United States, but took strongly nationalist positions. During his administration, the current constitution of Mexico was drafted and adopted, in the 1920 election, in which he could not succeed himself, he attempted to impose a virtually unknown, civilian politician, Ignacio Bonillas, as president of Mexico. Northern generals, who held power, rose up against Carranza under the Plan of Agua Prieta. Carranza was born in the town of Cuatro Ciénegas, in the state of Coahuila, in 1859, to an upper middle-class cattle-ranching family. His father, Jesús Carranza Neira, had been a rancher and mule driver until the time of the Reform War, in which he fought against the Indians, during the Franco-Mexican War, Jesús Carranza became a colonel and was Benito Juárezs main contact in Coahuila. There was a personal connection between the two, with Carranza lending Juárez money while Juárez was in exile. Following the ouster of the French, Juárez rewarded Carranza with land, because of his familys wealth, Venustiano, the eleventh of fifteen children, was able to attend excellent schools in Saltillo and Mexico City. Venustiano studied at the Ateneo Fuente, a famous Liberal school in Saltillo, in 1874, he went to the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria in Mexico City, where he had aspirations to be a doctor. Díazs troops defeated Lerdos, and Díaz and his armies marched into Mexico City in triumph, upon completion of his studies, Carranza returned to Coahuila to raise cattle, since he had an eye disease that prevented him becoming a doctor. He married Virginia Salinas in 1882, and the couple had two daughters, the Carranzas had high ambitions for Venustiano, who would use the family money to advance his political career. In 1887, at age 28, he became president of Cuatro Ciénegas. Carranza remained a Liberal who idolized Benito Juárez, at the same time, he grew disillusioned with the increasingly authoritarian character of the rule of Porfirio Díaz during this period. In 1893,300 Coahuila ranchers organized a resistance to oppose the re-election of Porfirio Díazs supporter José María Garza Galán as Governor of Coahuila

4.
1846 in Mexico
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Events in the year 1846 in Mexico. President-Mariano Paredes President-José Mariano Salas President-Valentín Gómez Farías April 25 – Mexican-American War, may 8 – Mexican-American War – Battle of Palo Alto, Zachary Taylor defeats a Mexican force north of the Rio Grande at Palo Alto, Texas in the first major battle of the war. May 9 – Mexican-American War – Battle of Resaca de la Palma in Brownsville, Texas May 13 – Mexican-American War, june 10 – Mexican-American War, The California Republic declares independence from Mexico. June 14 – Bear Flag Revolt, American settlers in Sonoma, California start a rebellion against Mexico, july 7 – Acting on instructions from Washington, DC, Commodore August 6 – José Mariano Salas assumed the presidency as provisional president. August 22 – President José Mariano Salas decreed the Mexican Constitution of 1824 in effect again

5.
Adolfo de la Huerta
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As Governor of the northern state of Sonora, he led the Revolution of Agua Prieta, which put an end to the presidency of Venustiano Carranza, who was killed during the revolt. It was then that De la Huerta was appointed interim President by Congress, pancho Villa and his army surrendered during de la Huertas presidency. De la Huerta became the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit, De la Huerta started a failed revolt in 1923 against fellow Sonoran president Álvaro Obregón, whom he denounced as corrupt—after Obregon endorsed Calles as his successor. With his superb organizing ability and popular support, Obregón crushed the rebellion, on March 7,1924, De la Huerta fled to Los Angeles and Obregón ordered the execution of every rebel officer with a rank higher than a major. List of heads of state of Mexico

6.
Secretariat of the Interior (Mexico)
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The countrys main intelligence agency, CISEN, depends directly from this branch. The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet and the most important cabinet secretary and this newly created organism had the functions of the General Government and its first holder was José Manuel de Herrera. Finally in 1853, the functions were separated and the Secretariat of the Interior was created, foxs Secretary of the Interior, Santiago Creel, participated in the National Action Partys primaries but was defeated by Felipe Calderón. Conducts the domestic policy drawn up by the President and is not specifically linked to another department, supervises the democratic governance and political development of the country. Ensures compliance with the precepts by the authorities

7.
2009 in Mexico
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Events in the year 2009 in Mexico. March 4 –2009 Mexico prison riot, A riot at a prison near Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, march 17 – At least 11 people are killed and four injured in an bus accident outside Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. April 10 – Mexico City closes freshwater supplies to 5,000,000 people for 36 hours to combat shortages, april 19 – Eight corrections officers are killed in an ambush during a prisoner transfer in Nayarit, Mexico. April 25 – Mexicos government declares a state of emergency to combat the outbreak of swine influenza, april 27 –2009 Guerrero earthquake, A5. 6-magnitude earthquake strikes near Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. May 16 – The Gulf drug cartel liberates 59 inmates from a prison in Zacatecas, may 22 – A5. 7-magnitude earthquake strikes Chiautla de Tapia, Puebla, Mexico. June 6 –2009 Hermosillo daycare center fire, a fire at a day-care center kills at least 40 people in Hermosillo, july 3 – A6.0 magnitude earthquake centred in the Sea of Cortez shakes western Mexico. July 5 – Mexico holds its legislative election, august 3 – Several earthquakes, including one of 6.9 magnitude, hit northwestern Mexico. August 7 –2009 Guanajuato and Hidalgo shootings, Shootouts leave at least 11 dead in the escalating violence since Mexicos continuing national crackdown on the drug trade. August 15 – A prison riot in the Mexican state of Durango leaves at least 19 people dead and 20 injured, august 21 – Mexico decriminalises the use of small amounts of marijuana, cocaine, heroin and other drugs for personal use. September 9 – Aeroméxico Flight 576, a Boeing 737 carrying 104 people, is hijacked shortly after take-off from Cancún, september 16 – Gunmen kill 10 people at a drug rehabilitation clinic in Mexico. December 16 – Mexican drug lord Arturo Beltrán Leyva, leader of the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel, is killed by personnel of the Mexican Navy during a shootout in Cuernavaca, december 21 – Mexico Citys Legislative Assembly legalizes same-sex marriage and LGBT adoption. December 25 – The death by gunshot wound of Expresiones de Tulum journalist Alberto Velázquez, january 14 – Ricardo Montalbán,88, Mexican-born American actor, heart failure. February 7 – Jorge Reyes,56, Mexican musician, heart attack, march 3 – Luis Mena Arroyo,88, Mexican prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Mexico. March 18 – Luis Rojas Mena,91, Mexican Roman Catholic prelate, march 22 – Abismo Negro,37, Mexican lucha libre professional wrestler, drowned. March 23 – Raúl Macías,74, Mexican boxer, cancer, march 26 – Griselda Álvarez,95, Mexican politician and writer, Governor of Colima, natural causes. April 23 – Felipe Solís Olguín,64, Mexican archaeologist, curator of the National Anthropology Museum, april 30 – Amparo Arozamena,92, Mexican actress, heart attack. May 5 – Benjamín Flores,24, Mexican boxer, brain injury during a match, july 19 – Guillermo Schulenburg,93, Mexican Abbot of the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, natural causes. July 22 – Marco Antonio Nazareth,23, Mexican boxer, august 20 – Carlos González Nova,92, Mexican businessman, founder of Comercial Mexicana supermarket chain

Bernardo Reyes (1850-1913), Porfirio Díaz's "man in the north". Carranza formed a personal friendship with Reyes, and Reyes' patronage was responsible for Carranza's election to the Mexican Congress in 1898.