The harderian gland is an orbital gland of the majority of land vertebrates. It is the only orbital gland in anuran amphibians since the lacrimal gland develops later during phylogenesis in some reptilian species. Perhaps because it is not found in man, little interest was paid to this gland until ...

The study was conducted on two groups of newborn infants: Group A; a random sample of 3000 infants attending different Health offices in Alexandria for BCG vaccination. Their ages ranged from 5-120 days with a mean age of 39.9 days. Group B; included all the infants born to high risk ...

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the effect on the neonatal thyroid function of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) used on mothers during the perinatal period. METHODS: Eight consecutive-term pregnant women were randomly separated into 4 groups. Either PVP-1 or benzethonium chloride (BC) was used to disinfect both maternal skin during labor and ...

To examine steroidogenic responses of the different zones of the adrenal cortex to acute disease we determined the basal and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-stimulated levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) and aldosterone in 16 infants aged 1-4 months with acute bronchiolitis. Fourteen of the infants were retested after recovery. During illness the mean ...

We observed the sequential changes in serum thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies in an infant born at 30 weeks of gestation to a mother with florid Graves disease. Transient central hypothyroidism caused by pituitary suppression was observed after the resolution of peripheral thyrotoxicosis induced by thyroid-stimulating antibody. Central ...

The role of thyroid hormone in the human fetus is uncertain; a significant amount of T4 is transferred from the maternal to the fetal circulation. A mother-infant pair was found to be heterozygotic for a point mutation in codon 271 of the gene encoding Pit-1, a pituitary-specific transcription factor regulating ...

The study was conducted to compare the prevalence of goitre among Malays and Aborigines in remote inland rural areas to those in coastal areas. All subjects were examined thoroughly by an experienced endocrinologist for the presence of goitre. The overall goitre prevalence in coastal areas was 6.3%; 6.0% (4/67) of ...

It is well known that the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) differs significantly among different parts of the world. Northern Israel has been shown to be an iodine deficient area with a relatively high incidence of CH. This study aimed to compare the incidence of CH between different regions of ...

Quantitative thyroid scanning using low doses of technetium-99m sodium pertechnetate was performed on 147 infants (55 males and 92 females) with congenital hypothyroidism detected through the national neonatal screening programme. Thirty-two (21.8%) were athyrotic, while 62 (42.2%) had an ectopic thyroid and 53 (36%) had a eutopic gland with increased ...

The volatile radioiodine was detected in Lithuania in the very first days after the Chernobyl accident. The proportion of gaseous 131I species of airborne iodine identified during that period exceeded from 2 to 4 times the aerosol fraction. The radioiodine activity of milk consumed by inhabitants of Lithuania varied over ...

A pilot study was performed to determine the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Turkey and to build a model for nationwide screening. From December 1991 to December 1992, 30,097 newborns were screened for CH using a primary measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone in capillary blood on days 3-5 of ...

A scientific evaluation was made of functional aspects of developmental toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in experimental animals and in human infants. Persistent neurobehavioral, reproductive and endocrine alterations were observed in experimental animals, following in utero and lactational exposure to PCBs, PCDDs and ...

Recent studies from several laboratories suggest that the rate of postnatal maturation of T-cell function(s) associated with in vitro activation may be slower in children at high genetic risk for atopy (HR), compared to their normal (low risk; LR) counterparts. The present study compared the in vitro activity of the ...

Experiments were designed to distinguish between neonatal effects due to maternal thyroxine (T4) deprivation and those due to autonomous (fetus/pup) T4 deprivation, employing mice heterozygous for the bTG-tk transgene TG66,19 which specifically directs high-level expression of herpes virus type I thymidine kinase to the thyrocytes. Heterozygous TG66.19 females were either ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Thyroglobulin (Tg) has been found in varying concentrations in infants and children with congenital hypothyroidism. Our primary goal was to ascertain whether Tg in filter paper blood specimens used for routine newborn screening would be a useful adjunct in the early diagnosis of newborn children with congenital ...

The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism in Taiwan. From January 1988 to December 1990, there were 991,132 live births in Taiwan. Of these, 329,891 neonates were screened for primary congenital hypothyroidism. Fifty-seven cases of permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism were confirmed. Hence, ...

On March 1, 1954, after detonation of a thermonuclear device on Bikini atoll, an unexpected wind shift resulted in the deposition of radioactive fallout on inhabited atolls. The fallout radiation caused fleeting systemic effects, dose-dependent depression of hematopoiesis and skin burns primarily due to the beta ray component of the ...

The effects of L-T3 and several analogues on mitochondrial parameters were determined in hypothyroid rats. These parameters include the 24 hour hormone-induced changes in the bc1 complex and in the inner membrane's proton permeability. L-T3, and all analogues except rT3, increased mitochondrial ubiquinone to euthyroid levels. L-T3, D-T3 and 3'IpT2 ...

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to quantitate the risk of perinatal thyroid dysfunction and other amiodarone-induced adverse effects among infants exposed in utero to amiodarone. STUDY DESIGN: A historic cohort study of gestational exposure to amiodarone was conducted by contacting Canadian cardiac electrophysiologists. RESULTS: Twelve cases were identified. Of six with ...

BACKGROUND: Neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum) continues to cause blindness because the agents used prophylactically to prevent this condition are not completely effective and are not widely available in many parts of the world. Povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution is an effective antibacterial agent with broad antibacterial and antiviral activity to which no ...

Iodine is a trace element present in the human body in minute amounts (15-20 mg in adults, i.e. 0.0285 x 10(-3)% of body weight). The only confirmed function of iodine is to constitute an essential substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, tetraiodothyronine, thyroxine or T4 and triiodothyronine, T3 (1). ...

OBJECTIVE: To establish reference ranges for recently developed assays of thyroid function in premature infants. METHODS: We measured serum free thyroxine (T4) by direct equilibrium dialysis and serum thyrotropin by a sensitive immunometric method in 104 preterm infants (25 to 36 weeks of gestational age) during the first week of ...

The volume of the thyroid gland was determined by ultrasonography in 30 preterm infants (27-36 weeks' gestation) born in Madrid. Thyroid gland volume significantly increased (p < 0.01) with postnatal and postmenstrual age and was very well correlated with body weight, height and surface area (p < 0.01). Serum thyroid ...

A retrospective study on the thyroid status of 832 infants, born in Panaga Hospital in Brunei, was conducted. Despite a high degree of ethnic variability, screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) included a fixed T4 and a TSH reference interval, based on a population of Malay infants. We tested their reliability ...

The thyroid function in full term newborn infants of 30 pregnant women given topical germicide providine-iodine (PVPI) during delivery was evaluated. For comparison 12 full term newborn infants of pregnant women using clorhexidine hydrochloride as germicide in selective cesarean section were designed as control. The two pregnant groups had similar ...

Out of 1346 newborns screened for congenital hypothyroidism, 31 non-hypothyroid infants were summoned because of a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level above 10 microU/ml. False-positive TSH levels were significantly more frequent in the babies treated with povidone-iodine (4.6%) than in those treated with either alcohol or triple dye (0.7%). CONCLUSION. ...

The degree to which thyroid functions are affected by non-thyroid illness and an assessment of its correlation with mortality was evaluated. Thirty infants (20 M, 10 F) with a mean age of 433 +/- 3.28 months (+/- 1 SD), with severe acute systemic illness and 30 healthy controls, age and ...

The course of two neonates and one 4-month-old infant with laboratory and clinical evidence of central hypothyroidism is described. All three presented with failure to thrive and improved after L-T4 therapy. Early recognition and treatment of newborns and infants with central hypothyroidism is important to maximize the potential for growth ...

We reviewed 94 cases of complex endometrial hyperplasia (CH) with and without atypia to assess some of the clinical and pathologic changes observed on curettage and in hysterectomy specimens. Age, parity, height, weight and nomograms did not differ between CH with or without atypia, and CH associated with endometrial carcinoma. ...

Four infants with spina bifida, who had not undergone surgical closure of a lumbar myelomeningocele, were assessed and investigated for hypothyroidism. From birth, all were treated once daily with an iodine-containing ointment (Betadine) as a local antiseptic applied to the spina defect. All infants showed excess urinary iodine concentration. Two ...

This study was undertaken to determine the thyroid function of normal healthy Chinese neonates and infants from birth to 2 years of age. Our results showed that mean serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels decreased steeply in the first 3 days of life. Mean serum thyroxine (T4) concentration was high in the ...

BACKGROUND: Low serum thyroid hormone concentrations are frequently observed in critically ill patients. Low-birth-weight preterm infants have also been reported to contain lower serum thyroxine (T4) levels when compared with normal term infants. Investigating the differences of the thyroid function between sick and healthy term and preterm infants becomes a ...

Iodine status of 147 neonates born in five different regions of Denmark was evaluated in relation to the iodine content of breast milk and iodine supplementation taken by the mother. Approximately two-thirds of the women had not received iodine supplementation. They had low iodine concentrations in breast milk and urinary ...

Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels of 325 pairs of blood samples from the newborn infants and their mothers were determined with the aim of establishing the thyroid hormonal profile of the newborn babies and their mothers in a non-goitrous area of Myanmar. The mean +/- SEM ...

We studied the development of glandular structures and the pattern of distribution of serous and mucous-type glands in the larynges of 77 human infants obtained at autopsy. The subglottic larynx was subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis, using an image binarization procedure. The areas of mucosa and inner space of ...

Maternal thyroid function was investigated in 37 preeclamptic and 8 eclamptic patients and 45 normal pregnant women in the third trimester as controls. There were significant correlations between maternal values of total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroxine-binding globulin, free thyroxine index and birth weight of newborns in the patients ...

This paper reviews present knowledge on the etiology, pathophysiology, complications, prevention, and therapy of the disorders induced by iodine deficiency. The recommended dietary allowances of iodine are 100 micrograms/day for adults and adolescents, 60-100 micrograms/day for children aged 1 to 10 years, and 35-40 micrograms/day in infants aged less than ...

Gastrointestinal complications of hypothyroidism are well documented and include constipation, obstipation, and abdominal distention, as well as ileus, pseudo-obstruction, tumor-like mass of the intestine, and megacolon. We report herein on a 2-week-old, full-term female infant, who had both necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and congenital hypothyroidism. We further describe the response to ...

3,5-Dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine (DIMIT, CAS 26384-44-1), a non-halogenated, artificial analogue of the thyroid hormone T3, was administered once daily by intragastric gavage to pregnant Wistar rats on days 17-20 of gestation to elucidate the effects of DIMIT on maternal and foetal thyroid state and gestational outcome under the influence of low iodine ...

Recent studies have suggested that maternal TSH receptor-blocking antibodies might be of primary etiological importance in some cases of transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Because these antibodies are extremely potent, we evaluated the feasibility of identifying babies at risk by using readily available newborn blood spots. Blood spots obtained from 84 ...

Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism began in Italy in 1977 and then progressively developed covering 94% of live births in 1991. The National Register of infants with congenital hypothyroidism was established in 1987 as a project of the Health Ministry. The results of the Register provided valuable epidemiological information about ...

Every newborn infant should be screened for congenital hypothyroidism before discharge from the nursery. Neonatal screening for hypothyroidism was introduced to North America in 1972 and has been demonstrated to be cost effective in the prevention of neurological damage in children. Interpretation of diagnostic test results from such programs is ...

Prolonged breast-feeding in humans is associated with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher death rates from ischaemic heart disease in adult life. The reasons for this link are unclear. A possible explanation is that thyroid hormones present in breast milk and absorbed by the suckling infant could, by the process ...

To assess the influence of treatment on the development of the somesthetic pathway in infants with congenital hypothyroidism receiving early treatment, median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials were measured during the 1st y of life. Twenty-nine infants were studied with six to seven somatosensory evoked potential tests per infant. The cervical ...