The 12 Jungian Archetypes

January 19, 2015

The term "archetype" has its origins in ancient Greek. The root words are archein, which means "original or old"; and typos, which means "pattern, model or type". The combined meaning is an "original pattern" of which all other similar persons, objects, or concepts are derived, copied, modeled, or emulated.

The psychologist, Carl Gustav Jung, used the concept of archetype in his theory of the human psyche. He believed that universal, mythic characters—archetypes—reside within the collective unconscious of people the world over. Archetypes represent fundamental human motifs of our experience as we evolved; consequentially, they evoke deep emotions.

Although there are many different archetypes, Jung defined twelve primary types that symbolize basic human motivations. Each type has its own set of values, meanings and personality traits. Also, the twelve types are divided into three sets of four, namely Ego, Soul and Self. The types in each set share a common driving source, for example types within the Ego set are driven to fulfill ego-defined agendas.

Most, if not all, people have several archetypes at play in their personality construct; however, one archetype tends to dominate the personality in general. It can be helpful to know which archetypes are at play in oneself and others, especially loved ones, friends and co-workers, in order to gain personal insight into behaviors and motivations.

The Ego Types

1. The Innocent

Motto: Free to be you and meCore desire: to get to paradiseGoal: to be happyGreatest fear: to be punished for doing something bad or wrongStrategy: to do things rightWeakness: boring for all their naive innocenceTalent: faith and optimismThe Innocent is also known as: Utopian, traditionalist, naive, mystic, saint, romantic, dreamer.

2. The Orphan/Regular Guy or Gal

Motto: All men and women are created equalCore Desire: connecting with othersGoal: to belongGreatest fear: to be left out or to stand out from the crowdStrategy: develop ordinary solid virtues, be down to earth, the common touchWeakness: losing one's own self in an effort to blend in or for the sake of superficial relationshipsTalent: realism, empathy, lack of pretenseThe Regular Person is also known as: The good old boy, everyman, the person next door, the realist, the working stiff, the solid citizen, the good neighbor, the silent majority.

3. The Hero

Motto: Where there's a will, there's a wayCore desire: to prove one's worth through courageous actsGoal: expert mastery in a way that improves the worldGreatest fear: weakness, vulnerability, being a "chicken"Strategy: to be as strong and competent as possibleWeakness: arrogance, always needing another battle to fightTalent: competence and courageThe Hero is also known as: The warrior, crusader, rescuer, superhero, the soldier, dragon slayer, the winner and the team player.

4. The Caregiver

Motto: Love your neighbour as yourselfCore desire: to protect and care for othersGoal: to help othersGreatest fear: selfishness and ingratitudeStrategy: doing things for othersWeakness: martyrdom and being exploitedTalent: compassion, generosityThe Caregiver is also known as: The saint, altruist, parent, helper, supporter.

The Soul Types

5. The Explorer

Motto: Don't fence me inCore desire: the freedom to find out who you are through exploring the worldGoal: to experience a better, more authentic, more fulfilling lifeBiggest fear: getting trapped, conformity, and inner emptinessStrategy: journey, seeking out and experiencing new things, escape from boredomWeakness: aimless wandering, becoming a misfitTalent: autonomy, ambition, being true to one's soulThe explorer is also known as: The seeker, iconoclast, wanderer, individualist, pilgrim.

6. The Rebel/Outlaw

Motto: Rules are made to be brokenCore desire: revenge or revolutionGoal: to overturn what isn't workingGreatest fear: to be powerless or ineffectualStrategy: disrupt, destroy, or shockWeakness: crossing over to the dark side, crimeTalent: outrageousness, radical freedomThe Outlaw is also known as: The rebel, revolutionary, wild man, the misfit, or iconoclast.

7. The Lover

Motto: You're the only oneCore desire: intimacy and experienceGoal: being in a relationship with the people, work and surroundings they loveGreatest fear: being alone, a wallflower, unwanted, unlovedStrategy: to become more and more physically and emotionally attractiveWeakness: outward-directed desire to please others at risk of losing own identityTalent: passion, gratitude, appreciation, and commitmentThe Lover is also known as: The partner, friend, intimate, enthusiast, sensualist, spouse, team-builder.

8. The Creator

Motto: If you can imagine it, it can be doneCore desire: to create things of enduring valueGoal: to realize a visionGreatest fear: mediocre vision or executionStrategy: develop artistic control and skillTask: to create culture, express own visionWeakness: perfectionism, bad solutionsTalent: creativity and imaginationThe Creator is also known as: The artist, inventor, innovator, musician, writer or dreamer.

The Self Types

9. The Jester

Motto: You only live onceCore desire: to live in the moment with full enjoymentGoal: to have a great time and lighten up the worldGreatest fear: being bored or boring othersStrategy: play, make jokes, be funnyWeakness: frivolity, wasting timeTalent: joyThe Jester is also known as: The fool, trickster, joker, practical joker or comedian.

10. The Sage

Motto: The truth will set you freeCore desire: to find the truth.Goal: to use intelligence and analysis to understand the world.Biggest fear: being duped, misled—or ignorance.Strategy: seeking out information and knowledge; self-reflection and understanding thought processes.Weakness: can study details forever and never act.Talent: wisdom, intelligence.The Sage is also known as: The expert, scholar, detective, advisor, thinker, philosopher, academic, researcher, thinker, planner, professional, mentor, teacher, contemplative.

Motto: Power isn't everything, it's the only thing.Core desire: controlGoal: create a prosperous, successful family or communityStrategy: exercise powerGreatest fear: chaos, being overthrownWeakness: being authoritarian, unable to delegateTalent: responsibility, leadershipThe Ruler is also known as: The boss, leader, aristocrat, king, queen, politician, role model, manager or administrator.

The Four Cardinal Orientations

The Four Cardinal Orientations define four groups, with each group containing three types (as the wheel of archetypes shown above illustrates). Each group is motivated by its respective orienting focus: ego-fulfillment, freedom, socialness and order. This is a variation on the three groups of Types previously mentioned; however, whereas all the types within the Ego, Soul & Self sets all share the same driving source, the types comprising the four orienting groups have different source drives but the same motivating orientation. For example, the Caregiver is driven by the need to fulfill ego agendas through meeting the needs of others, which is a social orientation; whereas, the Hero, which is also driven by the need to fulfill ego agendas, does so through courageous action that proves self-worth. Understanding the groupings will aid in understanding the motivational and self-perceptual dynamics of each type.