Systematic Review Questions: (Click or hover over links below for more information.)

Limited and inconsistent evidence suggests that for most children, intake of 100% fruit juice is not associated with increased adiposity, when consumed in amounts that are appropriate for age and energy needs of the child. However, intake of 100% juice has been prospectively associated with increased adiposity in children who are overweight or obese.

Moderate evidence from prospective cohort studies suggests that increased intake of dietary fat is associated with greater adiposity in children. However, there were no studies conducted under isocaloric conditions.

Moderately strong evidence from recent prospective cohort studies that identified plausible reports of energy intake, support a positive association between total energy (caloric) intake and adiposity in children.

Moderately strong evidence from methodologically rigorous longitudinal cohort studies of children and adolescents suggests that there is a positive association between dietary energy density and increased adiposity in children.