H-182.fm

Safe Handling, Storage, and Destruction of Nitrate-Based Motion Picture Films
Association (NFPA), Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film, 1994
added safety. After 1951, no cellulose nitrate motion picture film was
IDENTIFICATION
that passes the ISO 435 test for burning
associated with cellulose nitrate motion
cellulose nitrate film, which would also
information in this publication is based
SAFE HANDLING
As cellulose nitrate film decomposes, it
decomposition, do not unroll the films.
Another test to distinguish nitrate film
will accelerate the decomposition of the
from safety film is to punch or cut a 1/4-
airborne concentration of the vapors and
Cellulose nitrate films will sink in the
ensures that exposure limits established
liquid and safety films will float to the
surface. Cellulose nitrate films that have
test in a well ventilated area to minimize
of used trichloroethylene as a hazardous
injury, always wear impervious gloves,
DETERIORATIONPRESERVATION AND
cellulose nitrate film, decomposition of
the film also can present safety concerns
deterioration of cellulose nitrate films
can be divided in to five distinct stages:
decomposition. You can preserve or duplicate cellulose nitrate films until the third stage of decomposition. Cellulose
Film has an amber discoloration with fading of the image. Faint nox-
nitrate films that have reached the third
ious odor. Rust ring may form on inside of metal film cans.
Emulsion becomes adhesive and the film tends to stick together dur-
historical value, should be destroyed at
Portions of the film are soft, contain gas bubbles, and emit a noxious odor.
Entire film is soft and welded into a single mass, the surface may be covered with viscous froth, and a strong noxious odor is given off.
Film mass degenerates partially or entirely into a shock sensitive brownish acrid powder.
Safe Handling, Storage, and Destruction of Nitrate-Based Motion Picture Films • H-182 (ENG)
PROJECTION
185°F accelerates decomposition of these films. While they deteriorate,
Choosing a storage facility for cellulose
nitrate-based films can develop pressure
and heat in the film can, especially when
the can is taped closed. Contained gases
For short-term storage, you can use
approved film cabinets for storing up to
foot rolls). Use vaults for longer-term storage of amounts up to 750 pounds.
characteristics. Improper projection can
the lids or use tight-fitting lids unless
in vaults. Be sure to segregate cellulose
the projection of cellulose nitrate films
nearby acetate and polyester base films,
so you will need to store cellulose nitrate
cabinets or vaults that contain individual
older theaters were typically constructed
nitrate films. If your cellulose nitrate
films need to be stored, but have started
vault, and maintain the relative humidity
to deteriorate, you must store them in an
area that is separate from other cellulose
requirements, store the film at 35°F at
20- to 30-percent relative humidity.
in single or double roll containers or in
cellulose nitrate film without air cooling
nitrate films prior to vault storage. If
stage. Therefore, do not return film that
your storage vault for long-term storage.
film and then send the cellulose nitrate
storage of all cellulose nitrate films. You
frequently in warm climates. Any nitrate
returned to the storage vault. Any films
that have progressed to the third stage of
inside the film storage container. These
decompose the gases that are generated during the storage of cellulose nitrate films and retard the degradation reactions. Molecular Sieves are available from FPC, 6700 Santa Monica Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90038,(800) 621-3456 or FAX (800) 648-9805.
Safe Handling, Storage, and Destruction of Nitrate-Based Motion Picture Films • H-182 (ENG)
REPAIR AND DUPLICATIONTRANSPORTATION
packaging must meet the packing group III (three) performance standards. For
Cellulose nitrate films that are shipped
air transport (domestic or international)
duplication, or repair must meet special
provide these services are listed for your
hazardous materials ( dangerous goods)
transporting cellulose nitrate films. PRC
(U.S.): films, nitrocellulose base, 4.1,
offers a container that is an acceptable
inner packaging for nitrocellulose-based
so that each reel of film is packed in a
transportation of passengers can be used for the transportation of cellulose nitrate
Outer Packaging SpecificationsDescription
Film Technology Company, Inc.726 North Cole Ave.
* Outer fiberboard or solid plastic boxes and
fiber drums must be limited to a single reel of not over 600 meters (1,969 feet) of film.
Safe Handling, Storage, and Destruction of Nitrate-Based Motion Picture Films • H-182 (ENG)
WASTE MANAGEMENT HAZARDOUS WASTE AND DESTRUCTION
designated for destruction or those that
Cellulose nitrate films that have reached
marked for destruction need to be stored
the third stage of decomposition, or have
no historical value, need to be destroyed
rapidly under certain conditions and are
nitrate films that are in one of the last
specifications, and cover the films with
flammable, it is important that you store
and transport these materials safely.
percent by weight of the total weight of
WASTE CLASSIFICATION
per gallon.) Be sure to take into account the weight of any film reels.
nitrate film needs to be destroyed, it is
facility. Long-term storage may require a
hazardous waste, you should send it to an
identified as a hazardous waste using all
proper destruction as soon as possible.EPA Waste CodeDefinition
A material is defined as an ignitable hazardous waste if it is an oxidizer as defined under USDOT regulations. Nitrate containing materials are specifically defined as oxidizers under those provisions.
A material is defined as a reactive hazardous waste if it is capable of detonation or explosive reaction when subjected to a strong initiating source or heated under confinement. Cellulose nitrate films meet this criteria; they will spontane-ously ignite under elevated temperatures. The rate of combustion of nitrate films is about fifteen times that of wood, and the resulting intense fire is virtually impossible to control or easily extinguish.
A material is defined as a hazardous waste possessing the characteristic of leachable toxicity for silver if, when exposed to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), the material leaches > 5 mg/l (ppm) of silver. Typically photographic films do not leach > 5 mg/l of silver when subjected to the TCLP. However, during decomposi-tion, it is likely that more silver may be present during leaching once the film has reached the third stage of decomposition. The TCLP can also be performed on a representative sample of a film to define its characteristics.
Safe Handling, Storage, and Destruction of Nitrate-Based Motion Picture Films • H-182 (ENG)
HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSPORTATION
films with not less than 25-percent water
manage these types of waste. The following companies provide trans-
portation and waste treatment. This list
PackagingSpecifications
nitrate-based films are considered hazardous materials under USDOT and
must be transported by a carrier that is
DESTRUCTIONShipping Name
need to ship it to a treatment facility as soon as possible, following the
Identification
transportation requirements outlined above.
Hazard ClassHazard Label
for cellulose nitrate film is incineration. The incinerating facility is required to
shipping those films that are in one of the last
Hazardous Waste Numbers associated with your waste. This includes D001, D003, and possibly D011, depending on the decomposition stage of the film.
Safe Handling, Storage, and Destruction of Nitrate-Based Motion Picture Films • H-182 (ENG)
REFFERENCES
of Cellulose Nitrate Photographic Negatives,” December, 1994, de
Imaging Science and Technology, vol. 38, 249-261, May/June 1994.
Worldwide Molecular Sieve Trade Test Results,” Paper presented at
and Riley, P.N.K., “Mechanism of Deterioration in Cellulose Nitrate Base Archival Cinematographic Film,” European Polymer Journal, (1990).
(1992): The Book of Film Care, Chapter 3, “Storage and Handling of Processed Nitrate Film,” pages 30-35.
Safe Handling, Storage, and Destruction of Nitrate-Based Motion Picture Films • H-182 (ENG)
MORE INFORMATION
J-110 Formaldehyde Use in Photographic
J-111 Determining Workplace Exposure to
J-113 About the OSHA Formaldehyde Standard
J-311 Hazard Communication for Photographic
J-312 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements in Photographic Processing
J-314 Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation in Photographic Processing Facilities
J-315 Special Materials Management in Photo-
J-316 Emergency Preparedness for Photographic
J-317 Injury and Illness Management for Photographic Processing Facilities
If you have questions about Kodak products, call Kodak.
This publication is a guide to the Federal Health and
Safety Regulations that apply to a typical photographic
processing facility. Local or state requirements may also
apply. Verify the specific requirements for your facility
1-800-465-6325, Monday–Friday8 a.m.–5 p.m. (Eastern time)
representative, or your usual supplier of Kodak products.This publication is printed on recycled paper that contains 50 percent recycled fiber and 10 percent post-consumer material.EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY • ROCHESTER, NY 14650
Safe Handling, Storage, and Destruction of Nitrate-Based Motion Picture FilmsKODAK Publication No. H-182 (ENG)
CAT No. 801 2049
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