Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the engine of the European economy. In
the 25 member states there are 23 million SMEs providing 75 million jobs and represent 99% of
all enterprises. They SMEs strongly contribute to an entrepreneurial spirit and innovation in the
EU and foster competitiveness.
This handbook has specifically been written in order to make it easier for micro, small and
medium enterprises within Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to apply for
funding in open calls in October 2014 and October 2015 under the EU project FINODEX
(www.finodex-project.eu). The handbook provides practical advice and helps the enterprises
transform innovative ideas into business.

This paper tests whether accurate sales forecasts for Nike are possible from Facebook data and how events related to Nike affect the activity on Nike’s Facebook pages. The paper draws from the AIDA sales framework (Awareness, Interest, Desire,and Action) from the domain of marketing and employs the method of social set analysis from the domain of computational social science to model sales from Big Social Data. The dataset consists of (a) selection of Nike’s Facebook pages with the number of likes, comments, posts etc. that have been registered for each page per day and (b) business data in terms of quarterly global sales figures published in Nike’s financial reports. An event study is also conducted using the Social Set Visualizer (SoSeVi). The findings suggest that Facebook data does have informational value. Some of the simple regression models have a high forecasting accuracy. The multiple regressions have a lower forecasting accuracy and cause analysis barriers due to data set characteristics such as perfect multicollinearity. The event study found abnormal activity around several Nike specific events but inferences about those activity spikes, whether they are purely event-related or coincidences, can only be determined after detailed case-bycase text analysis. Our findings help assess the informational value of Big Social Data for a company’s marketing strategy, sales operations and supply chain.

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In this position paper, I present and explain the position that what we should study in HCI depends on the objective of the research and its political, social, cultural, technological, and historical context. I outline four principles for selecting research questions and give a personal account of how I have selected research questions using these four principles. The aim with the paper is to generate discussion and advance the understanding of what to study in HCI.

Despite ten years of direct regulation, our study of Danish lower secondary schools shows that they do not provide online access to the GPA for individual public schools (N=1,592). Using Lipsky’s gate-keeping theory, we investigate the lack of data provision as indicator not only of professionals’ being reluctant to accept imposed standards and control from central level (top-down) but also avoiding demands from parents (and children) on transparency and accountability (bottom-up). The lack of accessibility of grades on the web can thus be seen as a classical gate-keeping mechanism evolving in the age of information society where expectations of end-of-gatekeeping by providing accessibility and transparency using information systems has been outnumbered by classical forces of gate-keeping.

The exponentially growing production of data enables global connectivity as well as increased
openness and sharing, which turn into a powerful force that is changing the global economy and
society. Governments around the world have become active participants in this evolution by opening
up their data for access and re-use by public and private agents alike. The recent phenomenon of
Open Government Data (OGD) has spread around the world, driven by the proposition that opening
government data has the ability to generate both economic and social value. However, a review of the
academic research and the popular press reveals only sporadic attention given to various aspects with
no overarching framework that explains how OGD generates value. We apply a critical realist
approach to uncover the generative mechanisms that serve to explain this relationship. First, we
present a strategic framework with four archetypical generative mechanisms. The framework outlines
the different pathways to value generation and highlights the current tension between the
private/public and economic/social domains. Second, we offer a conceptual model that provides a
systematic way of articulating and examining further the generation of value from OGD.

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This paper claims that technology and institutions both epitomize the construction
of artificial orders through which a primary reality is shaped to something
other than it is by logical operations that share essential affinities. Drawing on this, we
work our way to showing how technology operates as governing regime and how
tasks and operations that are carried out by the human enactment of expert rules and
procedures can considerably be embodied onto technological sequences with which
human experts have limited and severely structured interaction. These ideas are illustrated
by reference to cultural memory organizations (e.g. libraries, archives, museums)
and the ways the deepening infiltration of their operations by computing technologies
redefines their goals and the skills, practices and arrangements through
which these goals have traditionally been pursued.

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Technology driven industries have seen fast moving technology changes, higher complexity and reduced product life cycles. These emerging trends present challenges for companies in industries where technology is at the forefront. The extant research deals with ‘low-tech’
industries and majority of findings are not applicable to the high-tech industry; in fact this industry has many additional challenges. In this study, we aim to explore the process of M&A in the high-tech industry by drawing on extant literature and empirical field work. The paper outlines a research project in progress which intends to provide theoretical, empirical and practical contributions in answering the research question: what role does
Operations and IT play in creating value in high-tech M&As? The research adds a needed perspective on M&A literature by unveiling unique challenges and opportunities faced by the M&A teams in this sector. The phenomenon is studied from multiple perspectives: integration team, acquiring group and the company being acquired.

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A Situation Specific Analysis of Availability, Accessibility and Applicability of Cultural Knowledge in Inductive, Deductive and Abductive Reasoning in Two Design Debriefing Sessions

Clemmensen, Torkil; Ranjan, Apara; Bødker, Mads(Frederiksberg, 2016)

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Resume:

This paper challenges the ‘core design thinking and its application’ as outlined by Dorst (2011) and uses a dynamic constructivist notion of cultural-cognitive performance to analyze aspects of a design thinking process (Clemmensen, 2009; Hong & Mallorie, 2004). Based on a qualitative analysis of some of the events in the DTRS11 data set and using the theory of Dorst on design thinking as well as Hong & Mallorie’s socio-cognitive theory of cultural knowledge networks, the paper shows how it is possible and useful to analyze design thinking from a cultural perspective. The results show that cultural knowledge, either as shared knowledge by the cross-cultural team or group specific knowledge, influences the Dorst design thinking equations across all the 16 episodes analyzed in DTRS11 data set. Furthermore, most of the design discussions were approached by the designers as problem situations and were approached in a backwards manner, where the value to create was known; however, the designers were using available cultural knowledge to figure out the unknown what (products/services) and how (working principles of why something would work or not work). In conclusion, the paper demonstrates a novel approach to understand how design thinking can be efficiently understood as a culturally situated practice.

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A longitudinal study of the adoption of online interactive and social media by luxury fashion brands

Hansen, Rina(Turku, 2011)

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Resume:

Most luxury fashion brands have yet to develop a clear and focused integrated online strategy, as they have struggled with the dilemma of interacting with fans and customers online. We observed how 35 luxury fashion brands utilized social and interactive online technologies since 2006 by formulating a framework for assessing fashion websites and brand controlled social media sites. Our findings illustrate that the observed luxury brands have increased their adoption of social and interactive digital technologies since 2006, and that with the help of Web 2.0 technologies fashion brands can create an immersing and innovative environment online.The findings also have relevance for practitioners, as the developed 8C framework can function as a checklist for fashion brand website creation.

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IT1 is likely to be as important to the way companies will organize
in the future as electricity was to the industrial revolution. IT will
revolutionize entire industries and markets. IT will create new
types of organizations that will surpass and outsmart traditional
organizations. This has been predicted for more than a decade.
But now it is happening especially in the music, newspaper and
publishing industries, and shall see it even more pronounced in
these sectors in the future. But it will not be limited to these
industries; it will influence all types of industry and government
organizations.
Already today, we see many examples of innovative
organizational designs, enhancing organizational effectiveness
and competitiveness.
The paper will briefly discuss the potential of future IT
developments, and will proceed to give a short theoretical
background for why we see a growth in IT-facilitated new
organizational forms. A couple of interesting organizational
design will be mentioned, before we proceed to making the
argument that any business process in principle may be
reengineered, centralized or outsourced in one way or other.
Interesting examples will be presented.
We suggest that future IT will have such a profound impact on
organizational structure going far beyond the traditional ‘virtual
organization’ that it calls for a new organizational concept, which
we have chosen to label the “Ambient Organization’.

This paper seeks to offer an assessment regarding the extent to which we, as IS academics, have been
faithful to sociotechnical paradigm, often considered as a fundamental guiding frame for the discipline.
As a first step, the paper identifies eight ways in which the technical and the social are featured in the IS
literature. Having done so, the paper provides a critical commentary on whether, and in what sense, we
have been true to the sociotechnical framework. Finally, the paper offers some ideas for the IS
community to reflect on regarding how to move forward with respect to sociotechnical framing of IS
research.

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This paper argues that the conceptualization of the human, the computer and the domain of use in competing lines of UX research have problematic similarities and superficial differences. The paper qualitatively analyses concepts and models in five research papers that together represent two influential lines of UX research: aesthetics and temporal UX, and two use situations: using a website and starting to use a smartphone. The results suggest that the two lines of UX research share a focus on users’ evaluative judgments of technology, both focuses on product qualities rather than activity domains, give little details about users, and treat human-computer interaction as perception. The conclusion gives similarities and differences between the approaches to UX. The implications for theory building are indicated.

This paper presents a longitudinal case study of a
multi-national company’s Customer Relationship
Management implementation in China, Poland,
Russia, Middle East, Dubai, Pakistan, Iran, Korea
and Japan. Although the cooperation has extensive
experience in implementing systems in its different
global subsidiaries, and has planned the
implementation well, the implementation was not a
complete success. The study has identified that the
cultural factor are important, but not stressed enough
in the current CRM literature. Understanding the
difference between the organizational culture in
which the system is developed and the national
culture in which the system is implemented, as well
as having a strategy for how to embrace and
control/adjust to cultural values, is vital for a
successful system implementation.

The proliferation of Internet technologies in the workspace provides tremendous possibilities
for knowledge workers to access vast amounts of information from a large number of sources.
The information abundance offers new opportunities which empower the knowledge worker
but at the same time may create information overload. This study explores academics’
information management practices, by applying a theoretical framework build on three
theoretical perspectives. These involve mindfulness, sense-making, and decision-making
heuristics. The theoretical framework is used to analyse diary data about three tasks: email
management, communication with colleagues, and information search. Our findings show
that the knowledge workers have developed their own relatively simple but seemingly suitable
practices for dealing with information overload and being empowered from the abundant
information available to them. The relative amateurism and professionalism of the
participants are discussed and limitations of this study as well as areas for future research
are delineated.

Passionate debates regarding the defining
characteristic of the “IT artifact” continue. Such
debates, and also the lack of explicit consideration of
the “information” element in the IT artifact, motivate
us to propose a revised conception, drawing upon
concepts from General Systems Theory (GST).
Following a number of scholars [39], we name our
reconceptualization as an IS artifact, which aims to
provide a contemporary view of an IS that could
accommodate the changing nature of both society and
technology while at the same time maintain a clear
definition of what we mean by an IS.

The governance of information technology (IT) in organizations—understood as the locus of key IT decision rights—is shaped by the emergence of new IT innovations, and can also proactively be designed to influence an organization’s ability to innovate through IT. The research presented in this paper contributes to the Information Systems literature by addressing the neglected interrelationship of IT governance and organizational technology adoption. Following a multi-method research paradigm, four consecutive studies have been conducted each in two contemporary adoption scenarios: (1) the implementation of Mobile Government (M-Government) services by public sector agencies, and (2) the implementation of Software as a Service (SaaS) delivery models for enterprise information systems. As a group the results of these studies extend the classic rationale of a strategy-structure fit underlying prior IT governance theory by demonstrating that (1) in public sector organizations more centralized governance can facilitate process and service innovations, and (2) for external delivery models such as SaaS efficiency strategies can favor a decentralization of IT decision rights. The eight studies provide relevant implications for IT decision makers in governmental and entrepreneurial contexts.

This research examines the technology-related
integration challenges to acquisitions in digital
industries and how these challenges can be
managed. Historically, companies seeking to
increase markets, products or customers have
utilized the strategic growth process of mergers and
acquisitions. Their motivation was primarily to
utilize economies of scale and operational
synergies to integrate acquisition targets that were
similar in product, market, and customer
demographics. The aim of these acquisitions was to
scale the acquisition products to its own markets
and customers while potentially gaining new
markets and customers in the process. For
companies in the digital-technology industry, the
path to growth in these fast-paced markets is
through the acquisition of innovation-based
technologies from new and emerging companies to
complement their current R&D strategies. The
incumbent enterprises look for emerging technology companies as acquisition targets in
order to stay ahead of the increasingly fast
technology-development lifecycle. The acquisition
and integration process for these types of
companies present challenges to practitioners that
are very different from what has been experienced
in the past and will present new research
opportunities for scholars researching the related
domains.

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Same is an anaphoric element that performs a comparison, which can either be
external or internal to a sentence. Hardt and Mikkelsen (2015) show that same, unlike other
anaphoric expressions, imposes a parallelism constraint, and they present three types of examples
showing that same is infelicitous in the absence of parallelism. Hardt and Mikkelsen
propose an account that applies uniformly to internal and external readings; however, the evidence
they present largely targets external readings – they don’t offer empirical evidence that
clearly supports the uniform approach. Furthermore, Barker (2007) argues that internal readings
must be treated differently than external readings. In this paper, I show that the parallelism
effects observed by Hardt and Mikkelsen in fact apply to internal readings as well. This provides
support for a uniform treatment of internal and external readings of same. It also suggests
that discourse relations, which typically apply to separate overt predications, also apply to the
implicit predications that arise in distributional structures.