Monday, May 18, 2009

Text of President Barack Obama's 2009 Notre Dame commencement speech

Text of President Barack Obama's commencement address Sunday as the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Ind., as delivered, as transcribed by the White House. The Rev. John Jenkins is the school's president. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh is Jenkins' predecessor. Brennan Bollman is the class valedictorian.

___

Well,
first of all, congratulations, Class of 2009. Congratulations to all
the parents, the cousins — the aunts, the uncles — all the people who
helped to bring you to the point that you are here today. Thank you so
much to Father Jenkins for that extraordinary introduction, even though
you said what I want to say much more elegantly. You are doing an
extraordinary job as president of this extraordinary institution. Your
continued and courageous — and contagious — commitment to honest,
thoughtful dialogue is an inspiration to us all.

Good
afternoon. To Father Hesburgh, to Notre Dame trustees, to faculty, to
family: I am honored to be here today. And I am grateful to all of you
for allowing me to be a part of your graduation.

And I also want to thank you for the honorary degree that I received. I know it has not been without controversy. I dont know if youre aware of this, but these honorary degrees
are apparently pretty hard to come by. So far I'm only 1 for 2 as
President. Father Hesburgh is 150 for 150. I guess that's better. So, Father Ted, after the ceremony, maybe you can give me some pointers to boost my average.

I also want to congratulate the Class of 2009 for all your accomplishments. And since this is Notre Dame ...

(Speech is interrupted by anti-abortion protesters.)

We're
fine, everybody. We're following Brennans adage that we dont do things
easily. We're not going to shy away from things that are uncomfortable
sometimes.

Now, since this is Notre Dame I think
we should talk not only about your accomplishments in the classroom,
but also in the competitive arena. No, dont worry, I'm not going to
talk about that. We all know about this university's proud and storied
football team, but I also hear that Notre Dame holds the largest
outdoor 5-on-5 basketball tournament in the world — Bookstore Basketball.

Now this excites me. I want to congratulate the winners of this year's tournament, a team by the name of "Hallelujah
Holla Back." Congratulations. Well done. Though I have to say, I am
personally disappointed that the "Barack OBallers" did not pull it out
this year. So next year, if you need a 6-2 forward with a decent
jumper, you know where I live.

Every one of you
should be proud of what you have achieved at this institution. One
hundred and sixty-three classes of Notre Dame graduates have sat where
you sit today. Some were here during years that simply rolled into the
next without much notice or fanfare — periods of relative peace and
prosperity that required little by way of sacrifice or struggle.

You,
however, are not getting off that easy. You have a different deal. Your
class has come of age at a moment of great consequence for our nation
and for the world — a rare inflection point in history where the size
and scope of the challenges before us require that we remake our world
to renew its promise; that we align our deepest values and commitments
to the demands of a new age. It's a privilege and a responsibility
afforded to few generations — and a task that youre now called to
fulfill.

This generation, your generation is the
one that must find a path back to prosperity and decide how we respond
to a global economy that left millions behind even before the most
recent crisis hit — an economy where greed and short-term thinking were
too often rewarded at the expense of fairness, and diligence, and an
honest day's work.

Your generation must decide
how to save God's creation from a changing climate that threatens to
destroy it. Your generation must seek peace at a time when there are
those who will stop at nothing to do us harm, and when weapons in the
hands of a few can destroy the many. And we must find a way to
reconcile our ever-shrinking world with its ever-growing diversity —
diversity of thought, diversity of culture, and diversity of belief.

In
short, we must find a way to live together as one human family. And
it's this last challenge that Id like to talk about today, despite the
fact that Father John stole all my best lines. For the major threats we
face in the 21st century
— whether it's global recession or violent extremism; the spread of
nuclear weapons or pandemic disease — these things do not discriminate.
They do not recognize borders. They do not see color. They do not
target specific ethnic groups.

Moreover, no one
person, or religion, or nation can meet these challenges alone. Our
very survival has never required greater cooperation and greater
understanding among all people from all places than at this moment in
history.

Unfortunately, finding that common
ground — recognizing that our fates are tied up, as Dr. King said, in a
"single garment of destiny" — is not easy. And part of the problem, of
course, lies in the imperfections of man — our selfishness, our pride,
our stubbornness, our acquisitiveness, our insecurities, our egos; all
the cruelties large and small that those of us in the Christian tradition
understand to be rooted in original sin. We too often seek advantage
over others. We cling to outworn prejudice and fear those who are
unfamiliar. Too many of us view life only through the lens of immediate
self-interest and crass materialism; in which the world is necessarily
a zero-sum game. The strong too often dominate the weak, and too many
of those with wealth and with power find all manner of justification
for their own privilege in the face of poverty and injustice. And so,
for all our technology and scientific advances, we see here in this
country and around the globe violence and want and strife that would
seem sadly familiar to those in ancient times.

We
know these things; and hopefully one of the benefits of the wonderful
education that you've received here at Notre Dame is that you've had
time to consider these wrongs in the world; perhaps recognized impulses
in yourself that you want to leave behind. You've grown determined,
each in your own way, to right them. And yet, one of the vexing things
for those of us interested in promoting greater understanding and
cooperation among people is the discovery that even bringing together
persons of good will, bringing together men and women of principle and
purpose — even accomplishing that can be difficult.

The soldier and the lawyer may both love this country with
equal passion, and yet reach very different conclusions on the specific
steps needed to protect us from harm. The gay activist and the
evangelical pastor may both deplore the ravages of HIV/AIDS, but find
themselves unable to bridge the cultural divide that might unite their
efforts. Those who speak out against stem cell research may be rooted
in an admirable conviction about the sacredness of life, but so are the
parents of a child with juvenile diabetes who are convinced that their
son's or daughter's hardships can be relieved.

The question, then — the question then is how do we work
through these conflicts? Is it possible for us to join hands in common
effort? As citizens of a vibrant and varied democracy, how do we engage
in vigorous debate? How does each of us remain firm in our principles,
and fight for what we consider right, without, as Father John said,
demonizing those with just as strongly held convictions on the other
side?

And of course, nowhere do these questions come up more powerfully than on the issue of abortion.

As I considered the controversy surrounding my visit here, I was
reminded of an encounter I had during my Senate campaign, one that I
describe in a book I wrote called "The Audacity of Hope."
A few days after I won the Democratic nomination, I received an e-mail
from a doctor who told me that while he voted for me in the Illinois
primary, he had a serious concern that might prevent him from voting
for me in the general election. He described himself as a Christian who
was strongly pro-life — but that was not what was preventing him
potentially from voting for me.

What bothered the doctor was an entry that my campaign staff
had posted on my Web site — an entry that said I would fight
"right-wing ideologues who want to take away a woman's right to
choose." The doctor said he had assumed I was a reasonable person, he
supported my policy initiatives to help the poor and to lift up our
educational system, but that if I truly believed that every pro-life
individual was simply an ideologue who wanted to inflict suffering on
women, then I was not very reasonable. He wrote, "I do not ask at this
point that you oppose abortion, only that you speak about this issue in
fair-minded words." Fair-minded words.

After I read the doctor's letter, I wrote back to him and I
thanked him. And I didn't change my underlying position, but I did tell
my staff to change the words on my Web site. And I said a prayer that
night that I might extend the same presumption of good faith to others
that the doctor had extended to me. Because when we do that — when we
open up our hearts and our minds to those who may not think precisely
like we do or believe precisely what we believe — that's when we
discover at least the possibility of common ground.

That's when we begin to say, "Maybe we won't agree on abortion,
but we can still agree that this heart-wrenching decision for any woman
is not made casually, it has both moral and spiritual dimensions."

So let us work together to reduce the number of women seeking
abortions, let's reduce unintended pregnancies. Let's make adoption
more available. Let's provide care and support for women who do carry
their children to term. Let's honor the conscience of those who
disagree with abortion, and draft a sensible conscience clause, and
make sure that all of our health care policies are grounded not only in
sound science, but also in clear ethics, as well as respect for the equality of women." Those are things we can do.

Now, understand — understand, Class of 2009, I do not suggest that the
debate surrounding abortion can or should go away. Because no matter
how much we may want to fudge it — indeed, while we know that the views
of most Americans on the subject are complex and even contradictory —
the fact is that at some level, the views of the two camps are
irreconcilable. Each side will continue to make its case to the public
with passion and conviction. But surely we can do so without reducing
those with differing views to caricature.

Open hearts. Open minds. Fair-minded words. It's a way of life
that has always been the Notre Dame tradition. Father Hesburgh has long
spoken of this institution as both a lighthouse and a crossroads. A
lighthouse that stands apart, shining with the wisdom of the Catholic
tradition, while the crossroads is where "differences of culture and
religion and conviction can coexist with friendship, civility,
hospitality, and especially love." And I want to join him and Father
John in saying how inspired I am by the maturity and responsibility
with which this class has approached the debate surrounding today's
ceremony. You are an example of what Notre Dame is about.

This tradition of cooperation and understanding is one that I learned in my own life many years ago — also with the help of the Catholic Church.

You see, I was not raised in a particularly religious household,
but my mother instilled in me a sense of service and empathy that
eventually led me to become a community organizer after I graduated
college. And a group of Catholic churches in Chicago helped fund an
organization known as the Developing Communities Project, and we worked
to lift up South Side neighborhoods that had been devastated when the local steel plant closed.

And it was quite an eclectic crew — Catholic and Protestant churches,
Jewish and African American organizers, working-class black, white, and
Hispanic residents — all of us with different experiences, all of us
with different beliefs. But all of us learned to work side by side
because all of us saw in these neighborhoods other human beings who
needed our help — to find jobs and improve schools. We were bound
together in the service of others.

And something else happened during the time I spent in these
neighborhoods — perhaps because the church folks I worked with were so
welcoming and understanding; perhaps because they invited me to their
services and sang with me from their hymnals; perhaps because I was
really broke and they fed me. Perhaps because I witnessed all of the
good works their faith inspired them to perform, I found myself drawn
not just to the work with the church; I was drawn to be in the church.
It was through this service that I was brought to Christ.

And at the time, Cardinal Joseph Bernardin was the Archbishop of Chicago.
For those of you too young to have known him or known of him, he was a
kind and good and wise man. A saintly man. I can still remember him
speaking at one of the first organizing meetings I attended on the
South Side. He stood as both a lighthouse and a crossroads — unafraid
to speak his mind on moral issues ranging from poverty and AIDS
and abortion to the death penalty and nuclear war. And yet, he was
congenial and gentle in his persuasion, always trying to bring people
together, always trying to find common ground. Just before he died, a
reporter asked Cardinal Bernardin
about this approach to his ministry. And he said, "You can't really get
on with preaching the Gospel until you've touched hearts and minds."

My heart and mind were touched by him. They were touched by the
words and deeds of the men and women I worked alongside in parishes
across Chicago. And Id like to think that we touched the hearts and
minds of the neighborhood families whose lives we helped change. For
this, I believe, is our highest calling.

Now, you, Class of 2009, are about to enter the next phase of
your life at a time of great uncertainty. You'll be called to help
restore a free market that's also fair to all who are willing to work.
You'll be called to seek new sources of energy that can save our
planet; to give future generations the same chance that you had to
receive an extraordinary education. And whether as a person drawn to
public service, or simply someone who insists on being an active
citizen, you will be exposed to more opinions and ideas broadcast
through more means of communication than ever existed before. You'll
hear talking heads scream on cable, and you'll read blogs that claim
definitive knowledge, and you will watch politicians pretend they know
what they're talking about. Occasionally, you may have the great
fortune of actually seeing important issues debated by people who do
know what they're talking about — by well-intentioned people with
brilliant minds and mastery of the facts. In fact, I suspect that some
of you will be among those brightest stars.

And in this world of competing claims about what is right and
what is true, have confidence in the values with which you've been
raised and educated. Be unafraid to speak your mind when those values
are at stake. Hold firm to your faith and allow it to guide you on your
journey. In other words, stand as a lighthouse.

But remember, too, that you can be a crossroads. Remember, too,
that the ultimate irony of faith is that it necessarily admits doubt.
It's the belief in things not seen. It's beyond our capacity as human
beings to know with certainty what God has planned for us or what He
asks of us. And those of us who believe must trust that His wisdom is
greater than our own.

And this doubt should not push us away our faith. But it should
humble us. It should temper our passions, cause us to be wary of too
much self-righteousness. It should compel us to remain open and curious
and eager to continue the spiritual and moral debate that began for so
many of you within the walls of Notre Dame. And within our vast
democracy, this doubt should remind us even as we cling to our faith to
persuade through reason, through an appeal whenever we can to universal
rather than parochial principles, and most of all through an abiding
example of good works and charity and kindness and service that moves
hearts and minds.

For if there is one law that we can be most certain of, it is
the law that binds people of all faiths and no faith together. It's no
coincidence that it exists in Christianity and Judaism; in Islam and Hinduism; in Buddhism and humanism. It is, of course, the Golden Rule
— the call to treat one another as we wish to be treated. The call to
love. The call to serve. To do what we can to make a difference in the
lives of those with whom we share the same brief moment on this Earth.

So many of you at Notre Dame
— by the last count, upwards of 80 percent — have lived this law of
love through the service you've performed at schools and hospitals;
international relief agencies and local charities. Brennan is just one
example of what your class has accomplished. That's incredibly
impressive, a powerful testament to this institution.

Now you must carry the tradition forward. Make it a way of
life. Because when you serve, it doesn't just improve your community,
it makes you a part of your community. It breaks down walls. It fosters
cooperation. And when that happens — when people set aside their
differences, even for a moment, to work in common effort toward a
common goal; when they struggle together, and sacrifice together, and
learn from one another — then all things are possible.

After all, I stand here today, as President and as an African American, on the 55th anniversary of the day that the Supreme Court handed down the decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
Now, Brown was of course the first major step in dismantling the
"separate but equal" doctrine, but it would take a number of years and
a nationwide movement to fully realize the dream of civil rights
for all of God's children. There were freedom rides and lunch counters
and Billy clubs, and there was also a Civil Rights Commission appointed
by President Eisenhower. It was the 12 resolutions recommended by this
commission that would ultimately become law in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

There were six members of this commission. It included five whites and
one African American; Democrats and Republicans; two Southern
governors, the dean of a Southern law school, a Midwestern university president, and your own Father Ted Hesburgh, President of Notre Dame.
So they worked for two years, and at times, President Eisenhower had to
intervene personally since no hotel or restaurant in the South would
serve the black and white members of the commission together. And
finally, when they reached an impasse in Louisiana, Father Ted flew
them all to Notre Dame's retreat in Land O Lakes, Wisconsin — where they eventually overcame their differences and hammered out a final deal.

And years later, President Eisenhower asked Father Ted how on Earth he
was able to broker an agreement between men of such different
backgrounds and beliefs. And Father Ted simply said that during their
first dinner in Wisconsin, they discovered they were all fishermen. And
so he quickly readied a boat for a twilight trip out on the lake. They
fished, and they talked, and they changed the course of history.

I will not pretend that the challenges we face will be easy, or
that the answers will come quickly, or that all our differences and
divisions will fade happily away — because life is not that simple. It
never has been. But as you leave here today, remember the lessons of Cardinal Bernardin,
of Father Hesburgh, of movements for change both large and small.
Remember that each of us, endowed with the dignity possessed by all
children of God, has the grace to recognize ourselves in one another;
to understand that we all seek the same love of family, the same
fulfillment of a life well lived. Remember that in the end, in some way
we are all fishermen.

If nothing else, that knowledge should give us faith that
through our collective labor, and God's providence, and our willingness
to shoulder each other's burdens, America will continue on its precious
journey towards that more perfect union. Congratulations, Class of
2009. May God bless you, and may God bless the United States of America.