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Lymphatic obstruction

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Lymphatic obstruction is a blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to travel where they are needed. Lymphatic obstruction may cause lymphedema, which means swelling due to a blockage of the lymph passages.

Causes

The most common reason for lymphatic obstruction is the removal or enlargement of the lymph nodes.

A common cause of lymphedema is removal of the breast (mastectomy) and underarm lymph tissue for breast cancer. This causes lymphedema of the arm in some patients, because the lymphatic drainage of the arm passes through the armpit (axilla).

Rare forms of lymphedema that are present from birth (congenital) may result from problems in the development of the lymphatic vessels.

Symptoms

The main symptom is persistent (chronic) swelling, usually of the arm or leg.

Exams and Tests

The doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history.

Imaging tests to check the lymph nodes and lymph drainage (lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy

Treatment

Treatment for lymphedema includes:

Compression (usually with wrapping in bandages)

Manual lymph drainage (MLD)

Range of motion exercises

Manual lymph drainage is a light massage therapy technique. During massage, the skin is moved in certain directions based on the structure of the lymphatic system. This helps the lymph fluid drain through the proper channels.

Treatment also includes skin care to prevent injuries, infection, and skin breakdown. Light exercise and movement programs may also be prescribed. Wearing compression garments on the affected area or using a pneumatic compression pump may be helpful. Your doctor and physical therapist will decide which compression methods are best.

Surgery is used in some cases, but it has limited success. The surgeon must have a lot of experience with this type of procedure. You will still need physical therapy after surgery to reduce lymphedema.

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