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9.
Limits to Virtual Democracy?"Whether by using the internet to take part in a worldwideexpression of dissent and disgust, to divert corporate agendasand militarism through the construction of freenets and newoppositional spaces and movements, or simply to encouragecritical media analysis, debate, and new forms of journalisticcommunity, the new information and communicationtechnologies are indeed revolutionary. To a meaningful extent,they constitute a dramatic transformation of everyday life that ispresently being constructed and enacted by internetsubcultures. Yet, this transformation has often been arevolution that also promotes and disseminates the capitalistconsumer society, individualism and competition, and that hasinvolved new modes of fetishism, enslavement, and dominationyet to be clearly perceived and theorized" (p. 93).

12.
Mainstream MediaAntony and Thomascontrast an idea of themainstream media as"watch dogs" with thenotion that they are"guard dogs."What do they mean by this, and why doesinternet media matter for this?

13.
Jurgen Habermas & the Public SphereThe public sphere is where "private individuals"communicate about their interests, values,needs.It is understood as independent of the state,and a vehicle for exerting pressure on the statewhen the state fails to represent the public.How do the authors connect this notion tocitizen journalism?

14.
MethodsWhat was the authors research question?What methods did they use?

15.
Citizen Journalism & Political ActionWhat limits and possibilities of citizenjournalism did their research suggest?

16.
Questions for Further Reflection1. Does social media make new forms of revolution possible?2. What are some relationships between activism online and on-the-ground?3. Do the examples of Occupy Wall Street and Arab Spring challenge of support the arguments of Kahn & Kellner and Antony & Thomas?