The reticuloendothelial system (RES) has the pivotal role for survival in severe infection. Using GdCl_3 that is an selective inhibitor of the liver RES (Kupffer cell) we analyzed roles of RES in endotoxemic rats in vivo and in vitro, referring to the energy metabolism of hepatocytes and the capability of superoxide production of the isolated Kupffer cells. The result of this study will be published in Leucocyte Biology. Another experiment with 70%- and 90%-hepatectomized rats also indicated that sedation of overactivation of RES in the liver due to severe infection may lead to improve the survival rate of 70%-hepatectomized rats but in 90%-hepatectomized rats which had an insufficient functioning mass of the hepatocyte GdCl_3 did not show any improvement.