Rolland ï=ï·ï°ï-ï?

Romain Rolland (1866-1944). French novelist, biographer of Beethoven, Leo Tolstoy and Mahatma Gandhi. From the standpoint of pacifism opposed the First World War and the October Revolution. Supported the Writers' Congress in defense of Culture in 1935. On the eve of the Moscow Trials Rolland defend repression in the Soviet Union, arguing that the Kirov was killed by a fanatic, secretly support people like Kamenev and Zinoviev.