Literature

The following is a selection of peer-reviewed papers describing the experience with ozone applied to the spine. This listing is representative of the literature but Minimus Spine does not represent that this listing is complete. The reader is encouraged to do their own research.

These papers did not utilize Minimus Spine’s Triojection® System. Minimus developed Triojection to improve sterilization assurance and give confidence in a consistent procedure.

Clinical Studies

Zhang Y, Ma Y, Jiang J, Ding T, Wang J. Treatment of the lumbar disc herniation with intradiscal and intraforaminal injection of oxygen-ozone. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2013;26(3):317-22.
Brief Description…
A blinded randomized trial of 172 patients with back and leg pain associated with a herniated disc. Patients were randomized to receive ozone alone or ozone in combination with steroids. Patients were blinded to their treatment and followed for 12 months. Patients in both groups improved significantly. The addition of steroids did not result in a significantly better outcome relative to ozone alone. Read More…

Chen H, Yu B, Lu C, Lin Q. The effect of intra-articular injection of different concentrations of ozone on the level of TNF-alpha, TNF-R1, and TNF-R2 in rats with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int October 2012: Epub ahead of print.
Brief Description…
An animal study evaluating the effects of ozone on inflammation and cytokine expression. Forty-eight rats with induced rheumatoid arthritis were divided into eight groups, receiving 0, 10, 20… 50mcg/cc ozone in oxygen and untreated controls. Rats were given an intra-articular injection weekly for three weeks. Animals receiving injection of 40 mcg/cc showed had less thickness in the affected paw and there were lower levels of TNF-alpha and TNF-R2 in the groups receiving 40 and 50 mcg/cc. Read More…

Fuccio C et al. A single subcutaneous injection of ozone prevents allodynia and decreases the over-expression of pro-inflammatory caspases in the orbito-frontal corex of neuropathic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 601(1-3): 42-49.
Brief Description…
An animal study whereby a nerve root injury was created and then followed with a single subcutaneous injection of ozone. Authors reported that ozone was responsible for decreases in inflammatory mediators in the brain and improvements in expressed pain. Read More…