drinking water toxin Articles

Residents in many developing countries store treated drinking water in tanks or reservoirs because of intermittent and infrequent water supplies. Many studies have focused on bacterial contamination of domestic reservoir waters, the cyanobacterial and algal contamination is largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigates toxic cyanobacteria and their microcystin (MC) toxins in ...

This study evaluates the water quality from Tri An Reservoir, a drinking water supply for several million people in southern Vietnam, in terms of cyanobacterial biomass and their potent toxins, microcystins (MCs). Cyanobacteria, their toxins and environmental parameters were monitored monthly for 1 year (April 2008–March 2009) at six stations covering a transect through the reservoir. Dynamics ...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates just over 90 contaminants in public drinking water systems. They include manmade chemicals as well as naturally occurring contaminants from rocks and soil. A look at some of the contaminants that fall under federal or state regulations: ARSENIC: Enters drinking water through eroding natural deposits in the ground or mining and other ...

The cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa can produce potent toxins known as microcystins. While many studies have focussed on the chlorination of microcystin toxins, little work has been conducted with respect to the chloramination of the microcystins. In addition, no studies have been reported on the effect of chloramination on intact Microcystis cells. This study was conducted ...

Microcystins (MC) and nodularin (NOD) are common contaminants of drinking water around the world and due to their significant health impact it is important to explore suitable approaches for their removal. Unfortunately, these toxins are not always removed by conventional water treatments. One of the most exciting areas that hold promise for a successful and cost effective solution is ...

Eutrophication is one of those big problems that cause water quality degradation. Presence of cyanobacterial toxins and climate change impacts would degrade water quality towards the worst. In regard to the mentioned problems, disinfection-by products strongly act as a consequence of drinking water production. ...

Bromate is a disinfection by-product that is formed when Ozone reacts with naturally occurring Bromide in drinking water. Bromate is a known animal carcinogen and has also been listed as a group 2B toxin: probable human carcinogen. The U.S. EPA Method 300.1 employs conductivity as the means of detection which works well for most anions. However, the method is nonspecific and coeluting ...

Algae blooms in surface water sources often lead to off-tastes and odors in finished drinking water. Because public confidence in overall drinking water quality is closely related to aesthetic quality, there is increasing interest in solving taste and odor issues. UV-oxidation, the combination of UV and hydrogen peroxide, offers the ability to treat taste and odor (T&O) while simultaneously ...

Cyanobacteria are a growing concern in the province of Quebec due to recent highly publicised bloom episodes. The health risk associated with the consumption of drinking water coming from contaminated sources was unknown. A study was undertaken to evaluate treatment plants' capacity to treat cyanotoxins below the maximum recommended concentrations of 1.5 μg/L microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and the ...

Biofouling occurs without exception in all water systems, with undesirable effects such as biocorrosion and deterioration of water quality. Drinking water associated biofilms represent a potential risk to human health by harbouring pathogenic or toxin-releasing microorganisms. This is the first study investigating the attached microbiota, with potential threat to human health, in a public water ...

Rural communities within low-income countries frequently rely on a range of drinking-water sources, and each water source varies in its potential for biological contamination. The extent and source of biological contamination in primary drinking sources within Kien Svay, Kandal, Cambodia, were determined by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurements, 16S rDNA genetic markers for human and ...

This study examined the spatial variation of potential gastrointestinal pathogens within drinking water sources and home storage containers in four neighborhoods in Maroua, Cameroon. Samples were collected from source (n= 28) and home containers (n= 60) in each study neighborhood. Pathogen contamination was assessed using quantitative ...

Water can be said to be the essence of life. Indeed, in many indigenous cultures, water is strongly linked to a people’s cultural identity. With the unfortunate news about the amount of lead found in Flint, Michigan’s public water system, perhaps more scrutiny and resources will be designated to improve and monitor this vital resource. But before you pour water into your glass, ...

Class action litigation continues to dominate the environmental news as it relates to MTBE (the cleaner previously used in gasoline), Perchlorate (primarily found in rocket fuel); and 1,4-Dioxane ( a widely used solvent) found in numerous State’s well and surface waters. Over 33-states currently have imposed their own regulations on MTBE, and the USEPA is reviewing what the Federal standard for ...

This paper presents both a current review of the state-of-the-art in algae removal, and an experimental study of algae removal in potable water supply. Established techniques were investigated by jar-testing on surface raw water samples derived from a lowland river, with the dominant species of algae being Scenedesmus sp (a green algae). These tests were conducted both in isolation and in ...

With increasing human populations comes the corresponding increased need for improving water quality in lakes, wastewater ponds, potable water reservoirs, and other water storage facilities. Providing circulation within water reservoirs of all types has long been known to provide meaningful benefits, but the costs to achieve sufficient circulation through diffused aeration or mechanical mixers ...

Detection methods for Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus which included the culture based approach with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation, PCR detection without enrichment and PCR with a pre-enrichment were developed and their performance evaluated. PCR assays targeted the SodB (V. cholerae species), Flae ...

Halogenated nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) in water increase bacterial resistance to antibiotics, new research shows. The study found that a strain of bacteria which can cause disease in humans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, increased its resistance to a range of different antibiotics by an average of 5.5 times after the bacteria were exposed to chemicals which form as by-products of ...

Taming Taste & Odor (T&O) Problems Some taste and odors are caused by mineral constituents in the water, e.g. excess chlorine and hydrogen sulfide. However the majority of taste and odor are the result of biologic activity. Spring turnover of lakes and algal blooms are responsible for Blue-green algae (Cyanobacterium), Green algae and diatoms that introduce filter clogging organisms ...

Background and Company Performance Industry Challenges Tertiary and advanced wastewater treatment (WWT) is one of three stages in the cleaning of wastewater generated by the municipal and industrial sectors. Building on and improving upon the results of treatment through initial primary and secondary WWT stages alone, tertiary treatment is performed prior to waste ...

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