Before "true" cross-browser
DHTML becomes available (in other words, when NS and IE comes to their senses),
cross-browser DHTML basically means using various scripting techniques you picked during
those JavaScript years to sniff out which browser the user is using, and execute the code
intended for that browser. In this lesson, I'll first illustrate a way of creating a
"cross-browser" layer, then show you a scripting technique I recently learned
that allows you to easily sniff out the browser type of the surfer.

-Creating a "cross-browser" layer

Ok, so we've got NS that understands the <layer> tag, and IE that understands the
<span> and <div>. If we wanted to create a simple DHTML effect such as a
moving image, we would usually need to use two tags- A layer tag for NS 4, and either a
div or span tag for IE 4. Not exactly pretty, uh? Well, I recently learned that there is
actually a way to create a "cross-browser" layer that uses only one tag,
although its a little buggy on the NS side. Apparently NS 4 treats an absolutely
positioned div the same as a layer. So, without any further delay, here's an example of a
cross browser layer:

<div id="crosslayer"
style="position:absolute"></div>

NS 4 treates the above div exactly the same as it would with a layer. Like any other
layer, to access it , we would first go go through the document object, then the layer's
id:

document.crosslayer

In IE 4, we would simply use the div's id:

crosslayer

I found that in NS, specifying a layer this way, while convenient in terms of
cross-browser compatibility, has one major draw back. Such a layer doesn't always behave
the way a normal layer should, and can sometimes actually crash the browser. Just be
prepared to expect the unexpected!

-Browser sniffing- object detection

Up until recently, whenever I wished to determine the browser type of my surfers, I
would use the navigator object, like most JavaScript programmers would. The below
illustrates using this object to sniff out both NS 4 and IE 4:

Personally, I hate using the navigator object- its so complicated to use (just look at
the above mess!). Well, I have good news to bring to you. There is actually a lot quicker
way to sniff out various browsers, and its called object detection.

The idea is based on the way JavaScript works. If the browser does NOT support a
particular object, JavaScript returns null when you reference it. Knowing this fact, we
can use an object reference in your if statement (in place of the navigator object) to
determine the browser of the user.

Let's do an example. We know that NS 3+ and IE 4+ support the document.images object.
If we wanted to sniff out these browsers, we would do this:

if (document.images)
alert("You are using NS 3+ or IE 4+")

Translating the above into English, it reads: "If the browser supports the
images object (which only NS 3+ and IE 4+ do), alert a message.

Think of object detection as an indirect way of determining the browser type of the
user. Instead of directly determining the name and version of the user's browser (through
the navigator object), object detection is a more generic, less hassling browser sniffing
technique.

So, how can we use object detection to sniff out NS 4 and IE 4? Well, only NS 4
supports the document.layers object, and only IE 4 supports document.all. We can use this
knowledge to easily determine whether the user is using NS 4, IE 4, or both:

if (document.layers)
alert("You are using NS 4+")

if (document.all)alert("You are using IE 4+")

if (document.layers||document.all)alert("You are using either NS 4 or IE 4+")

Now you never have to return to the messy navigator object to do your browser
sniffings!

Obviously, this tutorial serves only as an introduction to DHTML. Here are some other
resources to continue your DHTML endeavor: