PHYSICAL EVIDENCES

🔦WHAT IS PHYSICAL EVIDENCE?

✔Physical evidence is any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or perpetrator.✔Anything can be physical evidence which can connect crime scene to criminal.✔“In simple words to count physical evidences cannot be possible.”

🔦Types of Physical Evidences

Body Material:Body fluids or materials found at a crime scene might include ::🔘In case of poison main parts of body such as Liver, Gall bladder, Brain, Kidney, Small intestine, Pancreas, Uterus, Heart and Lungs should be analyzed.🔘Blood, Semen, Saliva and Vomit in dry or liquid state.🔘Hair, Nails, Skeleton, Bone.

Botanical matter: 🥦PLANTS 🍇FRUITS 🍉SEEDS 🌿LEAFS 🌴WOOD, etc.

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE:🚫EXPLOSIVE- any object that has a residue of an explosive is useful.⚫ALCOHOL⭕PAINT💊DRUGS, etc.

Tool marks:⭕Tool mark as any impression, cut, gouge, or abrasion caused by a tool coming into contact with another.⭕They consist of small, commonly microscopic, indentations, ridges, and irregularities present on the tool itself. For example, the tip of a screwdriver is never perfectly flat, but shows small ridges along its edge.

Impression:✴Finger prints✴Tier marks✴Footprints✴Shoeprints etc.

Fibers and textile:🧤In Many Cases, Clothes And Rope Are Used In Many Forms.📜Natural fibers📜Artificial fibers📜Threads📜Ropes📜Clothes

Other evidence:◾Any other substances found on crime scene not described before in previous slides should be considered of this category.◾For ex after collision of new building or bridge, sample of debris is physical evidence.◾Things which have numbers. Like, engine, chesis, etc.

🔦Information that can be obtained from Physical Evidence

📍CORPUS DELICTI:⚀The Latin term corpus delicti refers to the principle that there must be some proof that a crime has been committed before a person can be convicted that crime.⚀Corpus delicti literally means body of crimes.

📍Identification of suspect:Fingerprints are valuable evidence to identify and individualize suspect.

📍Linking suspect with victim:At the time of crime blood, hair, fiber, etc. can be exchange between suspect and victim which establishes connection.

📍Linking of suspect with scene of crime:Fingerprints, shoeprint or footprint, blood, semen, fiber, hair, tool marks, tier impression, bullet, soil ,etc. are evidences which can establish links from suspect to scene of crime.

📍Information about modus operandi:Criminals, specially habitual criminals have same type of crime manner. Same criminal pattern of behavior helps to caught criminals.

📍Verification of statement:Statement of person(victim, witness, criminal) can be tested After examination and reconstruction of physical evidence.

🔦Nature of Physical Evidence

A. Identification by class characteristics-Every item has a measurable features of an item that indicate a restricted group source based on design factors determined prior to manufacture.✔Physical evidences first identify by its class characteristics.B. Comparison and individualism-Marks on an object produced by the random imperfection or irregularities on the surfaces of the tools used to manufacture the object.✔Individual characteristic confirm the object.

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