Technology – Parallel hybrid

In a parallel hybrid an electric motor and an internal combustion engine are installed so that they can both individually or together power the vehicle. Typical passenger car installations such as those from Toyota and Lexus use electric power for reversing, and low speed low throttle opening work because it uses less energy and does not require any energy while the car is idle, making hybrid vehicles ideal for urban and suburban environments.

As the vehicle speed increases or the acceleration demanded is higher, the internal combustion engine starts and both power units work together in parallel (hence the name). Internal combustion engines deliver more power for a given motor weight, making them better suited for higher speeds.

The installed electric motors and battery capacity may offer a range of 3–5 km in pure electric mode, at speeds of up to 40 km/h. Beyond this, the internal combustion engine is needed to either provide increased power or to re-charge the batteries.

How the System works?

Starting: The engine and motor convert fuel (gasoline) to energy stored in battery. Passing: The engine and motor are both used to propel the vehicle. Stopping: Regenerative braking converts energy into electricity stored in the battery. Cruising: The battery provides all the necessary energy. The engine is dormant.

The fuel consumption benefits of a hybrid electric vehicle against an internal combustion vehicle of similar performance come through the recovery of braking energy, stored in the battery by the motor/generator for use at the next start which in a conventional vehicle would have been dissipated as heat from the brakes. Additionally, the ability to shut off the engine while the electric motor is running brings further savings.