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Mt. Vernon Republican (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1854), 1857-01-13

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f4 i 1 i Jf: VOL III. MOUNT: VERNON, OHIO, TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 13, 1857. NO. 9.1 life, he i r . The place to buy Plows 13 IB KXOtnra V&2ION$0. THEY are far famod. The reputation of the Furlonc Plow is woll established, and M. C Furlong A bavnno aro the men to buy of. Tliero yon can gat good and servioeablo Plow and Sharon always, to fit any patent you choose to buy of thorn : aa they manufacture Sharoa that will suit tho Vur-non Plow, made by Coopor A Co., also, by C. P. Buckingham A Co., and tho piowa that have boon manufacture! by M. C. Furlong tut tho lust ton yean, Farmers, boar this In mind. If vnn nnivlinan shnrna r 1.. in ... m 11 .' " . ,.r ... jor iuo uoiijr a now, 01 i' uriong Savage, you will . have thoso that will auit your plows, and wear well and no mistuko. Considor this in your purchases. If you want J. LONG'S PLOW, No. 5, or No. 4, or No. 1 ; right hand or left, thero you got tho best kind. If you wont the Ilisor Plow, which is a much superior plow to tho Long's Putont, for any uso, you can got it. If you wish ouo that is better for sod tluin either, buy tlio ' ' tTCIUST PATKNTfj and you will have tho vory best. If you want tho Wisoonsin, improved by Furlong, they will sell you that, and it is au excellent plow. If you want the " Steel Plow, thoro it is, or if you prefer the Curtiss Plow the ono that tho draft runs over 3001bs. lighter, by actual tost than any other plow on exhibition at the Summit eounty Fair, cull here, and you will . bo aoe(mmodated. Double and Single Shovel Plows From the Now York Evonlng Poat. A MAGNIFICENT SLAVE-TO ! How they Suppress Nervile Inaurreo tiuui iu South Carolina. BY A TORMEIt CITIZEN OF CIUM.IiTO!J. in manufactured by thoin also. Plowa and Shares, sold at Whole-sale and Retail. Merchants andOt, otuers eon buy plows and shares here to accommodate their custom- era, and mako money in the oneratinn. Mount Vernon, is tho Plowdoni of the west, as tho Western Reserve is tho Cheoscdoni, and is therefore tho oheapost ploeo to buy Plows and Shares, Rogers' Patent Steel Self siiartening and teeth for sale hore. This Cultivator is tho best implemont for cultivating corn and seeding now in uso. l"X B. M. C. Fi'iiLoxo & Savage, havo the right for tho abovo tooth, for this county and Licking and nono are permitted to sell, but their authorized agents. The. two horse Cultivator for putting in wheat, will bo found to bo fully equal tothewheiit drill, and only costs from $5 to 58, while that costs $75. Farmers, look to vour interest iu this matter. tSTAll WORK WARtAXTED.E$ Old castings and all kinds of oountry produce ro-eeived in payiuolit for work. M. C. IX KLOXG & SAVAGE. march l i-y New Store, iJNTew Goods, r"piIE undesigned begs lclvo to inform tho inhiiti X. tanta of Mount Vornoii un,l vicinity that they havo opened on Main Street, under tho Lyljiaud House, with an elegant assortment of READY MADE CLOTHING And Gentlemen's FURNISHING, GOODS, Selected carefully and most particulary for this market, which they will sell at prices novor before known in these parts. Ucing directly connected with ono of the largest and most able manufactories in tho East; tho people will at oneo porecivo, that tvo havo tho facilities of obtaining llurgains, and oi selling iiiciu itiny ' TWENTY-FIVE PEE. CENT. CIIEAPEll than they cnu bo made up horo. We havo made porumnent arrangements to havo our . sod mnnufiH))ured expressly for us, anil under the unemsnju ot uioseeouueetea witli us; and Therefore, we have no hesitation whatever, in ' flaying, that we havo now ou hand, and will always oner ine dcsc ; ISfBEAllV HADE CLOTHING IN MOUNT VEBNON.jJ Notwithstanding tho assertion of our friendly com-jpctitor, in cautioning tho public to beware of Itoch- ester Clothing, ho shows his weaknes at onco. Our citisens hero have been gulled too long by paying exorbitant prices; ull wo ask is a fair trial, and defy competition. But now the word is Down with all Monopoly ! Competition is tho life of trndo. Givo every body a chance to buy as cheap as they can. All we care for is to mako an honest living aud give satisfaction. Coino ono coin? ull, and judge for yourselves. Savo your twenty-live per cent, by buying of J. KPSTWX &. llKOTIIER. 3F"I S. W had no desiro to enter into any eontrovorsy, and therefore issued no hand bills, but wisnea tno people to bo umpire, anu bo convinced. Hut our business neighbor, luigeting tho just Aiuc rican principle, "LIVE AND LET LIVE," and not devour all, for that is too much tho nature of a Wolf, has used inflamatory lnngungo with tho intent to nijiiro us, and to mislead the public at large we loavo it tor timo to snow mat our goous arc sta ple, firm and reliable 1 ruth must prevail. J!c sure and give us a call, to exiiniino at least, us all aro war ranted to tit aud not to rip. oct 28-tf J. E. & 1JK0. WAR IN KANSAS! TJENJAllRf 1. EVANS A CO., would respect I3 fully announce to the citizens of Knox eounty and tho " rut of mankind," that tlu-y havo bought out'tho Stove and Tin Establishment of John Cooper & Co., in tho Kremlin Ulock, No. 5, where shey intend to keep constantly ou hand a goneral assortment ot PARLOR, AND COOKING STOVES, embracing all tho most recent stylos and pattern.-), It b aLso our purpose, to keep an cxtunnivu variety of TIN wabr of eyery description, tuno, tupier, islieot Iron, Britannia and Japan Ware Hollow Vnro, Patont Pumps, Lead Pipo, Ac, man-' ufacturcd by experioncod and competent workinon, and of (rood material. lielieving that a nimble sixpeno is better than a slow smiling, wa Intena tnut our terms sd&u be as moderate aa tnoso ot any otner establishment, ana under no oircumstancea, aro we to be undersold, With the best of faeilitios for manufacturing, and a . vary large stock, we believe wo can make it advantageous to country merchants, and dealers generally in tin ware, to make their purchases of us. We are enabled to sell, : OH HETAIt, and we particularly invito wholesale dealers to our ostablishmont. EifVobbing and repairing dono neatly, expedi-- tiously, and upon moderate terms. ftWe have adopted tho cash system, believing it to bo mutually beneficial to the seller and the , buyer, and to cash customers wo cxteud a cord ill invitation to examine our stock, prices, Ac, before ' making purchases elsewhere'. . . li. D. E VAN'S A CO. JOB EVANS, hai the ploasuro of announcing to the new generation as well as tho old that ho ' still continues at his old establishment on Main St., nearly opposite the Kokosing Iron Works, whore he i baa evory article in his line of business, from a tin eup to a cooking Stovo. Ho returns his thanks to bis old line" eustomora and extends an invitution to new onoa to give him a call, t-tT'l'orsons Indebted to him are requested to call and settle, aa his old accounts must beelmed np. jan 19 JOB EVANS. Westward Ho! 1 C( ACRES of the best description of prelrio lUU land, 40 acres under cultivation, A acres sowed in wheat, and a good frame house thereon, with 20 acres of timber, oxpressly designed fur fencing and improving tho same, and lying convenient thereto, is now offered for sale or in exchange for real estate in this eounty. Haid premises are within two milos of Crown Point, the county seat of 1 Lake eountr, Indiana, one of the very best and richest districts in the State, eight miles fmm the Mickiean Central R. H., 40 miles only from Chicago, the great market for tho West. , Persons wishing to make an investment in western lands, or to settle permanently In the west, ean purchase, or exchange land here, for thla property on i be most favorable terms. Stock, Crops, and Farming Utensils will be disposed of along with the farm if desired, fur further nrticulara enquire of ., JOHN ADAMS, AU' at Uw, ayJ-lf- ' J. - Mount ?ernori,9. 1 ' 'TANKEES, then Cod Fih am Tom, at IT Julyott' WARNER MILLER'S In tho outskirts of tho citv of Charleston, to tho west, thoro rises a 'building of gigantic proportions, which, viewed from a distance, tho stranger might mistake for a castlo. It oovcrs moro than nn aero of ground, is built of brick and stono, and coated with brown mortar, which in tho clear atmosphere adds a singular boldness to its outlines. In form, square, its high casteliatcd wulls, itssuspicious-looking port-holes, its turrets and watch towers and well towers, on a near view, givo out strong evidenco of its being a fort in othor words, a moans to arming tho fears of tho community. Its position, however, at onco divosts you of tho idea that it was built as a means of defending tho city from tho attacks of on enemy from without. Wo will tell you, reader, that it is neither a fort nor a castlo; it is simply tho "Charleston Work-houso" a municipal Slavo-pen grand and imposing without, and full of bleeding hearts within. It was built by tho city, at an enormous expense. Tho design was suggested by ono Legreo Hutchinson, a gentleman of fino taste, who had traveled much m Europe, whore ho conceived tho plan of fashioning this municipal Slavo-pen aftor a celebrated castlo on tho Khino. Mr. Hutchinson being several times elected Mayor of tho city of uiiui luatuu, luuuguiuiuu uuu ui iny luring oy introuncing a proposal to build this magmll cent institution, the policy of which was, at that timo considered too extravagant to bo taken into serious consideration., This gave riso to a strong opposition. Tho question be came one of parties. " Young Charleston" went for it; "Did Charleston" opposed it. Tho necessity for such a building was argued upon various grounds, ono of which was, that it would supply a placo of refuge as well as defenco for tho inhabitants of the city, in the event of an insurrection among tho Slaves. " Young Charleston" in timo triumphed, and this castellated Slave.pcn wo can call it bv no other name was tho result. Having viewed it from without, let us look within. You enter at tho cast front, through a massivo Gothic door or gate, and lind yourself in a spacious vestibule, with broad stairs leading to the right and left. Facing you in tho vestibule, and inscrilied, into the wall, arc inarblo tables, on which is inscribed, in bold lettering, tho names of tho architect and designer, tho dato of the laying of tho corner stone, and sundry othor things appertaining to tho building. Having satisfied vour curiosity over the inscriptions, you proceed through nar- ow passages, passing through tho " l'umsli- mcnt ltoom" on ono side, and the apartments of some of the oflicers on tho other, and find yourself looking into a hollow square, surroud-cd by two or three tiers of galleries. There is a barrick-liko appearance about these galleries, whilo tho air of gloom that pervades all, excites strango fancies in one's mind, ltetum-ing to tho vestibulo, you can ascend the broad stairs to tho first gallery, round which you may walk, looking into the squares upon tho various apartments appropriated to tho officers, &c. &c. Around theso galleries aro rows of small cells, about 4 feet ti inches wide, 7 feet long and as many high; in them slaves aro confined. Tho " work-house" answers adoublo pur-poso ; thoso convicted of crimes, to which the slavo laws mako them amenable, aro sent here for safe keeping, and for this their owners are charged seventeen cents a day, which includes their lood a pecs ot corn-grits per week. Slavo " brokers," as well as dealers, passing through Charleston with their coflles, find this a convenient placo to deposit their merchandize. Safety and economy, two desirable ob jects, arc hero nicely combined. The cells are without beds, and during tho chilly autumn nights suffering to the human beings thus confined is a natural result. Ono warm blanket is considered a suflicicnt covering ; and you not unfrequently sco in tho papers a no-tico from the " work-house" to owners to pro-vido blankets for their slavos, or it will bo dono by tho institution and charged to them. This is strongly suggestivo of tho suffering to which theso poor mortals arc suljected. Under a foreign regime, iu the days of tho '.' old woik-house," it was customary to set slaves confined for crimes to work at breaking stones. For this purpose they wero supplied with sharp-pointed hammers, with handles about lour teet long. Ihese hammers, during tin pain, tho cries of tho sufferer not unfrequently break upon tho ear, piercingly, outsido tho walls of tho prison. As slaves vary in color, from tho fairest whito down to tho blackest ebony, so is ono constitution moro delicate I ban another. Tho most robust black can tiear up longer under punishment than the "bright" or fair Slave. In view of this, it is found nocessary to adapt tho sizo of tho paddle, as well as tho force of tho blow, to tho capability of tho constitution. It is not an uncommon thing that females, delicate, and fair of skin, aro punished in this manner. If you Iw a transiunt visitor, tho' Cliarlestonian will'tell you, with an air of sincerity, that females aro not flogged by men. This, wo assert, is falso a deception practised upon tho stranger iu order to shield themselves from tho odium of tho outrage. Tomato Slaves are bound and suspended in tho sumo manner as the males ; tho only dill'erenco being that their garments, which nro rolled up from behind, and secured about tho waist with a strap. In tho punishment of these delicately formed Slaves great discretion is necessary ; indeed, in many instances spasms havo been produced on the first stroke of tho puddle. We remember to have had pointed out to us by an cx-kecper of tho " Upper Work-house,'! a girl than whom nono fairer walks Broadway, who was by her owner a man of most dissolute habits, twico brought to the institution for punishment, and each timo sunk in to spasms under tho first blow. Tho keeper a man ol good heart, and only forced by circumstances to accept a position that involved duties against winch his bettor naturo revolt' ed assured us that ho appealed in vain to tho owner of tho girl, who stood by the whilo, not to attempt to inflict a punishment sho was too delicate to withstand. Tho girl was the daughter of a "gentloman" belonging to ono of tho " first families of Charleston." That our friends thero may not mistnko us, wo will hero add that we relor to Anna ilson. The fastidious will, no doubt, say theso things had better remain untold, for tho motto now is When chivalry speaks, let humanity Iw dumb! Let us leavo this castellated &lave-pcn (called by the facetious, "Hutchinson's Folly,") with its heart-sick victims, and its dungeons of torture, and wend our way to the groat "Guard-House," a description of which we proposo to give in our noxt. Truly Yours, F. C. ADAMS. INSVKRECTIONAKY SPIRIT AMONG the ne;koi;h-its cause-impo TKNCY OK THE SOUTH I Oil SELF PEl'EMCE. A HUCKSTER OUTDONE. Away down in tho smart village of Cincina- ti, there vegetates a certain hotel keener, who for cutuness, is " some," you may douend. Having been frequently imposed upon whilo supplying his bountiful larder with geese, by tho wide awako "Buckeye" hucksters, he deemed it high time to try if cheating wasn't a gamo that two could play at. So one morning, bright and early, he presented himself before one of tho numerous farmors' wagons surrounding tho market squaro, with a 'Is-s-say friend, g-g-got any, g-gcese,' (tho poor fellow has got Charles Lamb's defect of speech.) "Yes, fino lot" "W-w-well, I'vo E-g-cot ui at mv house tho all-firedest s-set of boys for g-g-geeso you ever did seo, and I want-to head. 'em off with a fow t-tongh ones c-can't you pick me, out a mow old h-ho tellers r" "Woll, I don't know but I might find one or two," and. so turning Over his pilo of poultry, ho collects on ono sido of his wagon, some 8 or 10 gcoso, whoso claim to tho titlo of "old fellers' needed no corroborative proof of " Noot-ka Sound Convention." or " Treaty of Flnvi- da," but might justly bo pronounco'd clear and unquestionable. " Mino host' cyod tho progrossof separation with evident satislaction. "Aro thoso ull tho t-tough ones you've got?" " Yes, sir, and I vow I did'nt know I had so many." "Weil," was tho reply, "I g-g-gucss I'll take tho other lot!" Average Duration of Human Lift. Trof. Buchanan, in a lato lecture beforo the Mechanics' Institute at Cincinnati, said that in tho latter part of tho sixteenth cencury ono-half of all who wero born died under flvo years of age ; the average longevity of tho whole population was but 18 years. In tho seventeenth century ono half of tho population died under twelve years. But in tho first sixty years of tho eighteenth century one-half of tho population lived over 28 years. In tho latter forty years one-half exceeded 32 years of ago. At the beginning the present century one-half ox- attempt at insurrection, somewhat celubrated I C0C(,ca 40 'cars : 111,(1 from 1838 to ''15 ono as being headed by the " Boy Nicholas," wore turned into instruments of warfare ; they were used with great ofl'ect, and niado a weapon by which the police wero twico repulsed. In one of these tho Mayor had his arm broken. Since that timo tho labor of breaking stone has been suspended. It may here bo well to add that the pcoplo of Charleston live in continual fear of an uprising of tho slaves, and keep in oxistenco tho most completo preparations 'for mooting such nn event. Having walked round the galleries, looked into tho narrow pens that line their sides, and glanced at the arena where dealers in slave merchandize exhibit their wares to purchasers, we will descend the stairs, turn short to tho right, and enter a small dark room about sixteen feet squaro. We are in the " Punishment Room." Hero ingenuity would seem to havo exhausted itself in devising instruments of torture. e say torture for when man is reduced to merchandize, submission must follow ; and when every other means fail to pro duce it, torture is restored to. In many instances tho master, in sending his slavo to be punished at the work-house, seeks rather to oxcito terror than inflict pain. Hcnco the np- pcaranco of tho " Punishment Boom" is inado means to that end. Fantastically-shaped caps for smothering the head ; wooden instruments of various sizes, ith lint blades from four to six inches wide, and handles three feet long, called paddles ; broad leather straps, ropes and cowhides all hang hero and there, suspended upon the alls. A block and tackle, similar to that used on shipboard, bang suspended from the centre of the ceiling : whilo underneath a platform stretches across the floor. Upon this platform tho slavo is made to stand, his feet being fust secured to it with cords. His wrists are then secured in a double shacklo, to which tho Uock is hooked on, and tho victim bcine stripped and the caD drawn over his face, is hoisted to the utmost tension of his or her Jbody. Some of those paddles havo perforated Utdxn, and when laid on tho posteriors, as is cuilpmary, produce a acute pain. By this somewhat refined process of punishment tho "property is saved that deterioration in Taluo which results from lacerating tho back with the whip or cowhide. Suspended in the manner luro described, the Dad- din is laid on bv the keener nf tbn institution - or one of his officers. . Xbe fees accruing from punishment are very considerable, and are part of the pereqillsitcs of the keeper. " ' 1 Powerless, but Writhing in tho agony of his half exceeded 43. Tho average longevity of theso successive periods has been increased from eighteen years in tho sixteenth century up to 43-7 by tho last reports. Fifty Miles to Hear Iti-uion. .The Rockland (Me.) Dimocrat says Col. Hall of Camdon end three gentlemen from Rockland, went to Bath to hear and see Col. Benton. They had the pleasure of on introduction to the Colonel, spent an hour in his room, and received a call of like length from him at their own rooms. When they informed Col. Benton that they had traveled fifty miles to hear him speak, ho remarked that it was tho greatest compliment ever paid him." " Ono man" he said, "in Massachusetts, had rodo 10 miles by railway to see him, but that was nothing in comparison to fifty miles over our hilly country in a common carriage." 03" Tho St. Louis llqmllkan speaks of Mr. Benton's prospect to go to tho United States Senate from Missouri, as follows : As to Oio point mado, that Mr. Buchanan's influence is used in Missouri to havo Benton returned to the Senate, it is puro fiction. Mr Buchanan cannot want him there his friends do not want him there he would blow tho administration sky high if ho wero there. Thero is not a real Democrat iu Missouri who does want him there. They might as well fitit hempen twino around their necks and be tanged at onco as suffer him to go bark to the Senato with tho idea that ho would forgive any ono of thcrn for their opposition to him. Little or big, ho would hang them all. A New Cure for Cancer. M. LandolA, surgeon-in-chief of tho Neapolitan army, is averted to havo seemingly cured cancer by the topieal application of the chloride of bromine., in cowbination with several other chlorides, according to the following formula : Chlorido of fcrQuiuio, throe parts ; chloride antimony, one part; chloride gold, one part ; powdered liquorice, sufficient to makeaposto. The surrounding parts aro protected by anointment of one drachm of chloro form to an ounce of lard. M. Landolll has 4een allowed six beds at La Saltpotriere, Par-is, U) lASt the efficacy of his remedy. , . . ' . 11 ' V ., (pr UlB8t lost is preferable to dishonors, bio gain ; for by the one, a man suffers but once ; by the other, his sufferings is lasting.' In tho form of a simplo, but most forcible, figure, Holy Writ lays down the rulo by which punishment is inflicted, at the hand of 1 rovidenco, upon sucli as, without regard to tho peaco of society, lalior with blind ferocity to advanco their own designs. " l hey who sow tho wind," says tho voice of inspiration, "shall reap tho whirlwind;" and so iiivnriiv bly truo is tho declaration, that it is always salo to predict mischief upon such as, in tho selfish Pursuit of some temnorarv advanta-.ro. permit themselves to speak lightly of, harbor designs, or do acts that tend to disturb the public tranquility. Wo have, on several occasions, expressed tho opinion that tho unscrupulous violence Willi which, on tho part of tho politicians of the slavo-holding Stales of tho Union, tho re cent political campaign was conducted tho infamously untrue charges that wero mado against one of tho candidates for tho Presides cy, and his party tho threats of disunion and civil war that wero thrown out in caso he should bo elected, and the ill-feeling that was so assiduously cultivated toward tho pcoplo of tho .Northern states, would havo tho ellect to produco social disturbances and reactions at homo that would not only moro than compensate for all the advantago that would bo gained by a temporary success m a courso so unjust, but would inllict severe, exemplary and lasting punishment upon tho South, and that in tho very interest in whoso namo the offence was committed. And in this respxt our foreboding was prophetic. Tho South is receiving its punishment, not from tho North, but frcm herself. Sho has with her own hands contrived tho enginery that has struck a deadly blow at her vitals. Her public men would havo severed tho Union, and kindled tho torch of civil war all over tho land, under tho pretext to givo stability to their peculiar institution ; and in tho very hour of success their institution seems crumbling to pieces, Beforo. tho election, Southern chivulry would havo rushed across the Ohio, conquered the laborious North, seized upon tho capital city, and borne off to its strong holds, the archives and symbols of government ; now, smitten with a mortal fear, and shaking with a cow- ardico that it cannot even conceal, it trembles in tho.faco of its slaves, and confesses its inability to defend itself against tho superior prowess of its own property. Is not hero hu miliation.' W here, sinco the loundation ot tho world, wero tho vain so down-trodden tho boastful so exposed tho presumptuous so beaten and shamed ? All this is palpably punishment. It is tho crop that has sprung up to reward tho care of those who sowed lar and wide tho seeds of tho tempost. . Had every press in tho North been engaged in tho manufacture of "incendiary documents," and every mail, railway and public conveyance in tho land been employed in their distribution had ovcry Northern school mistress been transferred to tho South, and without tho fear of whipping-posts, or penitentiaries beforo her eyes, had full occupation in teaching negro children tho alphabet had overy New England parson's wife alternated with hor annual domestic bantling a litorary offspring and " Uncle Tom's Cabin" or J'Dred" not all theso together could have preached liberty to tho slave, aud awakened in tho bosom of the human cattlo half so clear an opinion ot his rights as a man, as tho sjieeclics, acts end conversations that have occurred around him during the six months that aro past. The negro is only in a slight degreo cducablo by books and literature ; but in an intense degreo by association and example. His dependent condition, which renders him littlo impressible by influences from abroad, makes him greatly so, by thoso that arc at home ; and within tho past year, the negro of tho Southern States has been receiving tho elements of ideas, and tho basis of a civil education with almost miraculous rapidity. Ho has departed from a point to which ho will never return. His altered condition will enforeo a change iu tho policy of Southern society toward him ; and will work a material revolution in tho relation in which he stands to his master. Hero and there, in tho Southern press, wo find thoso insurrectionary movements of tho negroes which seem to havo been universal throughout tho slaveholding States, charged as tho work of Abolitionists ; but in their phenomena, there is nothing more apparent than their spontaniety. There could havo boon no such concert throughout extensive districts as direct human agency would havo produced ; aud yet the samo impulse seems to havo been felt by all. That impulse is evidently tho result of an intonso longing for freedom, born of newly awakened intellectual activity ; for up on no othor hypothesis can its generality or its simultanoousucss bo explained. In regard to its generality, tho following from tho Richmond Enquirer of December loth, presents food for reflection : " Every day devolves some fresh scheme of revolting among tho slaves of tho western and moro southern States. To thoso already re. ported in our columns, we have to add anoth er prepared plan of insurrection just detected and defeated in South Carolina. Occurring at the same tune in so many separate locah ties, Uieso discoveries suggest tho suspicion of a very general spirit of insubordination among tho negro population. Why should this Stato ulouo bo exempt from tho dangor which nn pended over nearly the entire Southorn community? It is not. In Montgomery county and in the vicinity of Williamsburg, facts have been brought to light which warrant tho ap prehension of an outbreak, and justify tho peo ple in tho most summary measures olsuppression. It is a rcmarKahle circumstance in all these schemes of meditated insurrection, that Christ mas was selected as the day of their accomplishment. Now, observing so wide spread a spirit of revolt among the slaves, perceiving that tho samo incendiary causes operate in full vigor in this Stato, and seeing, jndeed, that indications of intended ou threat; have been detected iu more than ono county in Virginia, wo venture, at the hazard of even ex citing unnecessary apprehension, to inquire if it is not tho duty or the authorities and or the people to provide ovory possiblo precaution against any demonstration of violence among our own negroes? Shall we not bo admonished by timely discoveries in other States? Or, shall wo neglect our own security until we, too, are exposed to extreme alarm, if not to actual peril : " Tho truth is that if, as the Riduaosd Ei- juirer, few' weeks ago, insisted, slavery is the basis or southern society, and the rngro .the cement of our national institutions,' then the basis of Southern society is most palpably insecure, tho cement of our institutions Is little bettor than untempered mortar. But we bee leave to copy another paragraph from the same journal, because it embodies an exhibi tion as pitiful as it is true, of tho physical impotence, and want.of moral force of that people whose citizen soldiery according to the vaunting of 'their empty-headed politicians a few weeks ago were, before this time, to rush across tho border, trample to dust the cowardly ranks of northern abolitionists, like tho bold barons of Normundy, and, by right of superior prowoss, seize and hold tho govern-ment : "Tho military system in Virginia is in nttor dilapidation. Out of the cities wo havo no organized means of protection ogainst a sudden emergency. Evory consideration, then, suggests the necossity of adopting immediato measures of prevention. Obviously the best thing to bo done under the circumstances, is to appoint patrols for tho towns to moro rigor and vigilance. It is osixioiully important that tho counties should be thoroughly patrolled, so as to interrupt oxtonsivo communications among tho slaves, and to provont them from assembling in largo numbors. Perhaps, be-twoon this mid Christmas tho county court may not havo an opportunity to attend to tho mattor, but tho magistrates of any district havo power to appoint patrols, and they should do it without delay. In default of thoir action, privato gentlemen may concort measures for tho discovery and smmrassinn of nnv mn. ditatcd outbreak." Tho acts of tho insurrectionary negroes so far indicate a desire to escajK) from slavery ; not a cupidity for tho possession of their master's property, or a propensity to destroy thorn by a general murder. What they heard du ring tho rsidental canvass led them to bo- lievo that liberty was approaching very near. and to hope that a resolute oxertion on thoir part would secure it to them. They inferred that tho election of Col. Fremont would bo equivalent, if not to an universal emancipation, at least to a defenco of their freedom in the northern states, in case they should succeed in ofl'ecting thoir oscapo to them. It is probable that tho genonu uneasiness of tho colored population of the south will be aggravated by tho cruelties practised upon thoso whoso complicity in tho movements is detected, and that tho pago this year commenced will mark an important epoch in the nstory ot nogro slavery. Cm. Com. A GE.H IN THE HIVER. From the Cincinnati Oiuetle. SPECULATION I IV 1' IT It M C LANDS ANDTIIElIt TUNDUft' VIES. A young mother, with tears of bereavement in her eyes, stood over the River of Death. gazing wistfully into its dark and sluggish waters, as if sho would fain rest her gazo upon somo cbject away down down in its fathom less depths. Sho gazodlong and wistfully, and the black waves rolled sullenly, sluggishly onward. And tho mother laid hor hand submissively on hor bosom and wept, and said, " My gem ! my gem ! " And a celestial being, like an angel, stood near tho hidden door of her heart, and whispered in a silvery voice liko music, "What seekest thou, mourning sister ? " "Alas!" said tho mourner, "I onco, oven yesterday, wore a beautiful gem in my bosom. To mo it was invaluable it was no trivial gem, it was ono that kings and monarchs might well havo boon proud of tho riches of tho east could not have purchased it from me. In an hour that to me was evil and miserable. the gem dropped from my bosom into the black night ot this deep river. As 1 saw it lloatmg away from me gently as the coming of an east ern shadow, I reached after it, but it was beyond my grasp, and my getn-my babe, smiled upon mo, as it was riding on the wavos further and lurthcr hom mo. It began to sink to sink lrora my sight, and in a moment my gem was gone and gone Joreuerl" and sho turned sorrowfully away. And the angel voico whispered again, "Stay, sister, guuvu, iiui, iooo. uuiu into me uargriver." She looked, as she was bid, and a cry of rapturous joy burst Irom her hps. " Thanks to thee, Father 1 I seo my gem floating in a great black wave. 0, may I not wear it in my bosom again ?" "Stay, my sister, thou art deceived; what thou tbt in tho river is not thy gem ; it is tho shadow of what was given thoo in trust, Look, sister, heavenward, and bid thy mourning heart rejoice." Sho looked aloft, and away up in tho dark, beclouded sky, sho saw a single spot clear and blue, and in it a bright star was gleaming, and its silvery rays caino down and danced on the gloomy river, giving tho black wave a bright ness, as it silvered through and through ; and away down many fathoms the bright reileetion rested, and this the mourner thought was her lost gem. Sho gazed silently upon the scene, and the star from heaven was shining. And tho voico of tho angel camo again, like unto tho sweet song of many instruments of music, saying, "sister, the gloomy waves thou scest, though cold, and dark, and terrible, roll ceaselessly onward up to tho great gato of heaven, and thither they bore thy mourned for gem, which tho good father lent theo ; the waves havo borne it back to him, and it blooms and shines forever near tho throco, liko yon brightly beaming star, Tho voico was hushed, and tho sorrowing mother turned away with her eyes lifted from the earth and gloomy river, and fixed them hopefully and wistfully on heaven. And the bright star sho saw, when tears filled her eyes mourning for her loss, yet beams brightly, and it shines on hor littlo baby's grave. Sinco the foundation of the Amorican gov-ornmont, its vast landed domain has not only been a source of safety and of wealth, but also a frequent cause of commercial speculation. Lands are in this country moro merchandize, sold liko a balo of cloth, and connected with nono of thoso personal attachments and hereditary memories which cling to almost ovory homestead in Europe. Lands, farms, homes, nro morchiindi.o to be bought and sold as readily and hastily as any box of goods. The consequence is, that in ovory period of com- miatau ntmuy, vueru uru immense investments in land for the mere purpose of speculation. This sort of speculation is decidedly injurious to tho regular business of tho oountry, but is nutural, and will not cease ontirely till all tho good lands owned by the government havo been putiu tho market. This time however, is not remote ; for such is the restless and wasteful hasto of tho government, in unnecessarily throwing vast quantities on the market for tho boucllt of speculators only that tho fertilo part of our vast domain will, in a few years, bo oxausted. I he President's Mossago discloses a most startling fact that in tho year ending July 1, 185U, at least double tho quantity of land was disposed of which was over sold in any previous your. Iu round numbors, tho President states it thus : Sold 9,200,000 acres, Land Warrants issuod 30,300,000 " THE I'MAXM-fil-VCINO TANS." PVBt Disposed of 39,500,000 " Now, these land warrants, though issued to special grantees of tho government, all eventually lind their way into the market and arc (except to the Treasury) precisely the same if sold by tho Land Office. Most of them find thoir way into tho hands of speculators, and are finally sold at more than doublo tho price of thoso sold by tho government. In this way, wo find that nearly forty millions of acres wero markoted in ono year. Lot us compare this j with previous sales mado by tho government: In 1833 In 1834 In 1835 In 1830 In 1837 In 1838 In 1839 In 1840 In 1841 3,85G,L'27 acres. 4,058,218 " 12,501,478 " 20,074,870 " 5,001,103 " 3,414,007 " 4,970,382 " 2,230,889 " 1,1G4,705 CLAY AND DIKLIXGAiTIE. Cassius M. Clay tolls tho following ; During tho Lite political canvass, Burlin-gamo and himself occupied adjoining rooms at tho Bates House, Indianapolis. "At a late hour ono evening," says ho, "I was in B's room, and both of us wero somowhat olated with popular onthusiasm. Wo were, as old soldiors wero wont to do, fighting our battles ovor again, when a fino band, right ppposite my room, poured o'er the sea of night, floods of soul stirring music. 'Clay, you aro honored,' said V., 'go and acknowledge tho compli-ment.' With due dillidcnco I excused my self; when as I anticipated, the band broke forth anew in strains of heroic melody in front of tho room occupied by B. I, havo you now,' says I ; 'now give 'em a sentiment.' ' No, you,' says B. ' Well,' says I ; both together;' so Jockuag arms, with an air of in-tenso dignity, we walked out upon the balco ny, and in a faltering voico I commenced ' Indiana, Massachusetts, and Kentucky triple sistors may they over be truo to tho Union !' Tho leader or the iiand, after a liausc, inquir ed, 'Who aro you?WCay and Burlin-game,' said I. , ' Tho h--l you are,' said he in reply ; and thon, in an undertone, addressed to his followers, he concluded : ''lious. it' i not the Girl in Red J" OiT Tho Louisville Journal cives tt fol- ltfwig plain, forcible and spicy opinion oo the fresidQOt's .Message : "The whofo Message is written in an apologetic and deprecatory strain as if to exeuse the conduct of a crushed and broken down, a helpless and hopeless Admin istration, expiring amidst universal public ex ecration, and ojtoously crying fqJ morcy from an outraged pcoplo by whom it has been sig-ni Bean tly condom ncd." Tho land speculations, prior to tho present reached their height in 1830, when the amount sold was enormous, but only luilf of what it was in tho year 1855-50. Tho average sales of lands from 1822 to 1852 inclusive, was 4,920,000 acres per annum ; or, one-fifth only of what was marketed in last fiscal year. With tho issuo of land warrants, under the acts of 1852 and 1854, land speculation recom menced. In 185o the lands thrown on the market reached 12,000,000 of acres. In 1850 they have reached 40,000,000 1 Tho sales of this immense amount of land, as well as those of tho Illinois Central Railroad ami othcrcom- paniesof that description, have been maintain ed by purchasers of three classes. First, were tho foreign immigrants, who, at the time the government commenced its land warrant give away system, had reached thoir height (in 1804 about JoO.UOO,) but aro now diminishing. Secondly, tho citizens of tho old States, especially New England, New York, Ohio, and Kentucky, who thought to share in the gol den harvest thrown open to all the world by the extremo generosity of tho government. In tho Stato of Ohio, there is not a county where thoro aro not numerous holders of lands in Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Nebraska and Ivansas. Vast quantities of theso lands aro held for speculation. Sometimes they aro cultivated, but always bought for speculation. Ono citizen ot Ohio holds ewMu thousand acres of land in Illinois. Numerous others hold from flvo hundred to four thousand each in Iowa. Besides thoso who havo thus speculated, thoro is a third class who havo actual ly becomo immigrants to tho new States as actual settlers of land. It is mainly theso who have filled up Iowa, Michigan and parts of Illinois. Theso number tens of thonsands from all the old States. Western New York has (except in its towns) been actually depopula ted by this exodus of speculating farmers. There aro counties in Western New York which, (excepting tho largo towns,) havo less population than in 1810. Such are tho facts m raforeneo to tho great land speculations which havo boon and aro going on. here, wo may ask, is it to end ? The Western settlements will, of courso, go on as they always have dono, and for reasons which are quite obvious. The stream is fod by tho springs, and if they ccaso, the stream cease. The cause of this iminenso depopulation, in part, stilt exists. But, as wo remarked, foreign inunigra tion had reached its height in 1854, and has sinco been declining. It is apparent that immigration from Europo will not bo what it has been. Ireland has lost two millions of inhabitants, ant is passing through a moral and industrial reformation. Tho discontents of Germany have, in a great mcasuro, passed away. As peace has returned, and tho surplus population boon drawn off, tho causes of emigration havo sensibly diminished in their force. The actual settlors of land from tlat quarter will, therefore, bo less. Hut thero is likely to bo a still greater dimunition from another source. I ho natural and commercial ellect of draining off great numbers of pcoplo from tho old States is being rapidly produced. 1 hat is, to equal ize tho profits of tho old and new lands, and thus mako it quite as desirable to stay at homo. Farmers sell lands high to buy cheap. lint when, as is tho fact, tho price ou ono sido rap-, idly rises, and on tho other rather diminished tho real values, in roferenco to values, are soon equalized. Tho absolute relation of values is that between the market prcfits. Estimated in this way the great body of Ohio land is bettor worth $30 per noro, than Iowa land is $10 or Kansas $5. Tho inducements for farmers in Ohio, Kentucky and Now York to emigrato to remote States aro not what they wero. They will be still further diminished. With the diminution of actual sottlers, speculation will diminish, and thus an evil which threatons to do mischief, may lio arrested by commercial causes. At this timo thero are many parts of Ohio where it is fur more profitable to buy and cultivato a farm than in any of tho frontier States. The land is rooJ.- All tho moats of conveyance to market arc at hand. Various markets may be roarhod, and all good, livery article raised h Ohio,, from a turnip np, is marketable, and commands the cash. We only need a little more of system and of science, to mako Ohio the pSrflen and granary of the oountry. Tbe land speculation has pnoixtbly attained tho crisis, and it will be well for fanners in the Ohio Valley to culti vato first and best their owo'hbmcsUada. (tV As long as thou shalt tire, seek to im prove thyself; presume not that old ago brings witn iiaeir wisdom ; it u cotter to learn late th'aV aeW: ' OiT Wu publish the following at the requeai of an old and esteemed subscriber. Ed. Bl-PUDMCAN. ' ' ' At the collation of the Congregational Li-1 brary Association, which took place in Fanouil Hull, Boston, May 31, 1855, the following toast was given ; ' The Psalm-singing Purw tans : tho church choir was tho whole congre- . gntion, " lioth young men and maidens, old men and children." ' To this suntimont Lowoll Mason Esq., responded as follows : ' '' " Mr. President : Tho epithetpslam-sing-ing, may bo of doubtful import; for it has sometimes been used to express derision, scorn or contempt. But not so horo ; nor can it cvor be thus used by thoso who know wl)V tho pslams .are, and what pslam-sirigrng '18 ;) or who havo felt its power upon their 6vn) hearts. There is a direct tendency in the use of tho pslams to make strong Christians ; and ho whose religious affections have beon train-1 cd on lattico which tho pslams afford, will not bo lound among the doubting, tho faltering, the uncertain and tho fearful. I'slam-singing waa mighty in' tho hands of th Itoformeip.' ahd! it was no unimportant element in tho assemblies of tho Turitans. The forefathers of New Eng- land were pslam-singers, and this was ono of tho circumstances which tended to mako them' what they wore. To thd pslams, the Bibbs. pslams, they wero undoubtedly muciiInttobt--ed for their decision, courage, firmness, self-denial, and general religious character:! ' They.' sang and thoy prayed tho pslams ; thoy sang-as they prayed, and they prayed as thoy'sangr and tho praying and singing of the pslams Was one and the samo thing. Pslam-singing, Sir,, is ono of tho rich legacies which the Puritans left to thoir decondants. But, alas! has potl tho gold beconio dim, aud is not tho fine goM changed? ' The pslams of God have been given up, or exchanged for tho hymns of men ; and for thoso divine forms of deep penitence, strong faith, lively hope, and holy joy furnished in tho pslams, wo have substituted to a groat ox- tent the more feeble productions of an impcr-' feet human, Christian experience God's pslams, like Jacob's ladder, reach from earth to heaven ; but man's hymns often extend no higher than to the floating, darkened clouds of, an earthly atmosphere. But, moro than this, ' tho pslam-singing of the Puritans, in too many ' instances in those latter days, is exchanged for moro tune singing, so that it is the tuna awL not tho pslam which is sung ; or if the pslam' be connected with tho tune, it is sung for the tune's sake. Music is an art, or an artistic mannor of singing, or rather an attempt at an';, artistic stylo, has taken tho place of psalmodly, In a church in a neighboring city, perhaps it was on Easter Sunday, thoro were distributed in tho pews programmes of tho musical performances, prepared after the usual concerlj. ' fashion ; naming tho pieces of musio, and aTwJ tho singers that wero to appear on the occasion.-Ono of tho nowspapers, in an after notice, har- ing remarked upon the music and upon the performers, added this very significant sen, tenco : "During the recess between tho diffor-' ent pieces of music, the officiating olergymaa' read tho morning service." Tho dlfforon'c-. between musical performance and the singing-of the pslams is in some places recognized. Sometime sinco, when I spent a Sabbath in ' Dresden, Saxony, I inquired in the morning.' ' where I could probably hear tho best musio ? "0," said the gentloman to whom I addressed the question, " there is no music in any of the, churchos to-dny, only have music in tho churches on somo of the festivnr days." '"Ks music ; what, do not tho peoplo sing the pslams or chorales ?" "0 yes, the peoplo sine the chorales, but we havo no music to-day ; " thus'-making a broad distinction between music antt pslam-singing. , , Iruly important. Mr. President, has .boen- that legacy of psliun-sincing which was be- queathed to us bv our Puritan forefathers; but it may be questioned whether the tuno singling which our children aro likely to inherit : from us, will not be much less valuable in tho formation of Christian character, or as a means', " of religious development. Our Puritan ancos---: tors, Sir, wero pskim-singers, not more passive listenors to tho tuno singing of a choir, svt ! they themselves put forth their voices and i -. thus participated in tho servico of song in the house of the Lord ; tho choir was the whole derstood, was not known to the early settlers, of New England, and it ferrrwd no part of thou? Kal;tatli day e'ervic.'s. .- ?. This, Sir, is tho true and o'lthcology of Con- gregational pslam-singing l et tbero.bej.no wailing for qualifications. Let no previous singing schools be required, but let the peoplo begin tho song, ond the singing schools wilt follow. But let the tuno bo plain vory plain, well known, and so simple that it will ba impossible for any ono to go far astray. Fath- ors and mothers, singing thus without the knowledge, if not for themselves yet for their children. Mr. President, if thoro is any one., thing-,' 'connected with the manner of cotiaTuoting the public religiyus,sorviee of 4loS.ibbath by the Puritan' Forefathers of ..New England, which we ought to imitato or rosto're.it is .that of. singing the pslumi and of singing them Ey choir consisting of tlic wltole congregation, both, young men and maidens, o'i men anl children," Homoeopathy r, La Moniteur, tho official organ of the French, government, announces that Dr. Mabbit, a-' liouucopathist, haji been created a Knight of. tho legion of Honor, in consequence of his distinguished success iu tho treatment of chol-'. era in difforeut plaos. The jpnorul result it as follows : ' 1 Treated Alopathieatly. . .,,,.,403.027 ' Cured ,254,783 Died 240,239 giving a per ccntage of 49 deaths out of KX,r Treated Homueopathically 2,33!) ' Cured ., 2,009 Died ..,,.;.-,'.-. 110 giving 7'j as the pet nosvige, u deaths. n. j. 07" A fellow entered a place on Sunday pretty yell fuddled, and askjd for soma cider. .. He v. told they did not sell the article on Sijodny. " Woll," says tho stranger, "you should nM ba hard hearted, for you know the good book speaks of ontortaining ange U unawares." ." YoV sys the storekeeper, "but I nover know that angels drank' sour jsidor on Sun. day." ri r i ' " , CT Wo' should consider integrity as of t more weight than oaths ( oj observe the pur-. prt of what thou premised, more stricth than an oath. (T Whaloyor ws know to be rigH that we should do, oveu. tbovgh our conduct sbo'ij m?ot with reproach and ri licule. . OiT r snx pleased with. the abodo which ex,-' . hibita nothing superfluous, ani whir I find voiyjiinj that is nocessary: -i.

f4 i 1 i Jf: VOL III. MOUNT: VERNON, OHIO, TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 13, 1857. NO. 9.1 life, he i r . The place to buy Plows 13 IB KXOtnra V&2ION$0. THEY are far famod. The reputation of the Furlonc Plow is woll established, and M. C Furlong A bavnno aro the men to buy of. Tliero yon can gat good and servioeablo Plow and Sharon always, to fit any patent you choose to buy of thorn : aa they manufacture Sharoa that will suit tho Vur-non Plow, made by Coopor A Co., also, by C. P. Buckingham A Co., and tho piowa that have boon manufacture! by M. C. Furlong tut tho lust ton yean, Farmers, boar this In mind. If vnn nnivlinan shnrna r 1.. in ... m 11 .' " . ,.r ... jor iuo uoiijr a now, 01 i' uriong Savage, you will . have thoso that will auit your plows, and wear well and no mistuko. Considor this in your purchases. If you want J. LONG'S PLOW, No. 5, or No. 4, or No. 1 ; right hand or left, thero you got tho best kind. If you wont the Ilisor Plow, which is a much superior plow to tho Long's Putont, for any uso, you can got it. If you wish ouo that is better for sod tluin either, buy tlio ' ' tTCIUST PATKNTfj and you will have tho vory best. If you want tho Wisoonsin, improved by Furlong, they will sell you that, and it is au excellent plow. If you want the " Steel Plow, thoro it is, or if you prefer the Curtiss Plow the ono that tho draft runs over 3001bs. lighter, by actual tost than any other plow on exhibition at the Summit eounty Fair, cull here, and you will . bo aoe(mmodated. Double and Single Shovel Plows From the Now York Evonlng Poat. A MAGNIFICENT SLAVE-TO ! How they Suppress Nervile Inaurreo tiuui iu South Carolina. BY A TORMEIt CITIZEN OF CIUM.IiTO!J. in manufactured by thoin also. Plowa and Shares, sold at Whole-sale and Retail. Merchants andOt, otuers eon buy plows and shares here to accommodate their custom- era, and mako money in the oneratinn. Mount Vernon, is tho Plowdoni of the west, as tho Western Reserve is tho Cheoscdoni, and is therefore tho oheapost ploeo to buy Plows and Shares, Rogers' Patent Steel Self siiartening and teeth for sale hore. This Cultivator is tho best implemont for cultivating corn and seeding now in uso. l"X B. M. C. Fi'iiLoxo & Savage, havo the right for tho abovo tooth, for this county and Licking and nono are permitted to sell, but their authorized agents. The. two horse Cultivator for putting in wheat, will bo found to bo fully equal tothewheiit drill, and only costs from $5 to 58, while that costs $75. Farmers, look to vour interest iu this matter. tSTAll WORK WARtAXTED.E$ Old castings and all kinds of oountry produce ro-eeived in payiuolit for work. M. C. IX KLOXG & SAVAGE. march l i-y New Store, iJNTew Goods, r"piIE undesigned begs lclvo to inform tho inhiiti X. tanta of Mount Vornoii un,l vicinity that they havo opened on Main Street, under tho Lyljiaud House, with an elegant assortment of READY MADE CLOTHING And Gentlemen's FURNISHING, GOODS, Selected carefully and most particulary for this market, which they will sell at prices novor before known in these parts. Ucing directly connected with ono of the largest and most able manufactories in tho East; tho people will at oneo porecivo, that tvo havo tho facilities of obtaining llurgains, and oi selling iiiciu itiny ' TWENTY-FIVE PEE. CENT. CIIEAPEll than they cnu bo made up horo. We havo made porumnent arrangements to havo our . sod mnnufiH))ured expressly for us, anil under the unemsnju ot uioseeouueetea witli us; and Therefore, we have no hesitation whatever, in ' flaying, that we havo now ou hand, and will always oner ine dcsc ; ISfBEAllV HADE CLOTHING IN MOUNT VEBNON.jJ Notwithstanding tho assertion of our friendly com-jpctitor, in cautioning tho public to beware of Itoch- ester Clothing, ho shows his weaknes at onco. Our citisens hero have been gulled too long by paying exorbitant prices; ull wo ask is a fair trial, and defy competition. But now the word is Down with all Monopoly ! Competition is tho life of trndo. Givo every body a chance to buy as cheap as they can. All we care for is to mako an honest living aud give satisfaction. Coino ono coin? ull, and judge for yourselves. Savo your twenty-live per cent, by buying of J. KPSTWX &. llKOTIIER. 3F"I S. W had no desiro to enter into any eontrovorsy, and therefore issued no hand bills, but wisnea tno people to bo umpire, anu bo convinced. Hut our business neighbor, luigeting tho just Aiuc rican principle, "LIVE AND LET LIVE," and not devour all, for that is too much tho nature of a Wolf, has used inflamatory lnngungo with tho intent to nijiiro us, and to mislead the public at large we loavo it tor timo to snow mat our goous arc sta ple, firm and reliable 1 ruth must prevail. J!c sure and give us a call, to exiiniino at least, us all aro war ranted to tit aud not to rip. oct 28-tf J. E. & 1JK0. WAR IN KANSAS! TJENJAllRf 1. EVANS A CO., would respect I3 fully announce to the citizens of Knox eounty and tho " rut of mankind," that tlu-y havo bought out'tho Stove and Tin Establishment of John Cooper & Co., in tho Kremlin Ulock, No. 5, where shey intend to keep constantly ou hand a goneral assortment ot PARLOR, AND COOKING STOVES, embracing all tho most recent stylos and pattern.-), It b aLso our purpose, to keep an cxtunnivu variety of TIN wabr of eyery description, tuno, tupier, islieot Iron, Britannia and Japan Ware Hollow Vnro, Patont Pumps, Lead Pipo, Ac, man-' ufacturcd by experioncod and competent workinon, and of (rood material. lielieving that a nimble sixpeno is better than a slow smiling, wa Intena tnut our terms sd&u be as moderate aa tnoso ot any otner establishment, ana under no oircumstancea, aro we to be undersold, With the best of faeilitios for manufacturing, and a . vary large stock, we believe wo can make it advantageous to country merchants, and dealers generally in tin ware, to make their purchases of us. We are enabled to sell, : OH HETAIt, and we particularly invito wholesale dealers to our ostablishmont. EifVobbing and repairing dono neatly, expedi-- tiously, and upon moderate terms. ftWe have adopted tho cash system, believing it to bo mutually beneficial to the seller and the , buyer, and to cash customers wo cxteud a cord ill invitation to examine our stock, prices, Ac, before ' making purchases elsewhere'. . . li. D. E VAN'S A CO. JOB EVANS, hai the ploasuro of announcing to the new generation as well as tho old that ho ' still continues at his old establishment on Main St., nearly opposite the Kokosing Iron Works, whore he i baa evory article in his line of business, from a tin eup to a cooking Stovo. Ho returns his thanks to bis old line" eustomora and extends an invitution to new onoa to give him a call, t-tT'l'orsons Indebted to him are requested to call and settle, aa his old accounts must beelmed np. jan 19 JOB EVANS. Westward Ho! 1 C( ACRES of the best description of prelrio lUU land, 40 acres under cultivation, A acres sowed in wheat, and a good frame house thereon, with 20 acres of timber, oxpressly designed fur fencing and improving tho same, and lying convenient thereto, is now offered for sale or in exchange for real estate in this eounty. Haid premises are within two milos of Crown Point, the county seat of 1 Lake eountr, Indiana, one of the very best and richest districts in the State, eight miles fmm the Mickiean Central R. H., 40 miles only from Chicago, the great market for tho West. , Persons wishing to make an investment in western lands, or to settle permanently In the west, ean purchase, or exchange land here, for thla property on i be most favorable terms. Stock, Crops, and Farming Utensils will be disposed of along with the farm if desired, fur further nrticulara enquire of ., JOHN ADAMS, AU' at Uw, ayJ-lf- ' J. - Mount ?ernori,9. 1 ' 'TANKEES, then Cod Fih am Tom, at IT Julyott' WARNER MILLER'S In tho outskirts of tho citv of Charleston, to tho west, thoro rises a 'building of gigantic proportions, which, viewed from a distance, tho stranger might mistake for a castlo. It oovcrs moro than nn aero of ground, is built of brick and stono, and coated with brown mortar, which in tho clear atmosphere adds a singular boldness to its outlines. In form, square, its high casteliatcd wulls, itssuspicious-looking port-holes, its turrets and watch towers and well towers, on a near view, givo out strong evidenco of its being a fort in othor words, a moans to arming tho fears of tho community. Its position, however, at onco divosts you of tho idea that it was built as a means of defending tho city from tho attacks of on enemy from without. Wo will tell you, reader, that it is neither a fort nor a castlo; it is simply tho "Charleston Work-houso" a municipal Slavo-pen grand and imposing without, and full of bleeding hearts within. It was built by tho city, at an enormous expense. Tho design was suggested by ono Legreo Hutchinson, a gentleman of fino taste, who had traveled much m Europe, whore ho conceived tho plan of fashioning this municipal Slavo-pen aftor a celebrated castlo on tho Khino. Mr. Hutchinson being several times elected Mayor of tho city of uiiui luatuu, luuuguiuiuu uuu ui iny luring oy introuncing a proposal to build this magmll cent institution, the policy of which was, at that timo considered too extravagant to bo taken into serious consideration., This gave riso to a strong opposition. Tho question be came one of parties. " Young Charleston" went for it; "Did Charleston" opposed it. Tho necessity for such a building was argued upon various grounds, ono of which was, that it would supply a placo of refuge as well as defenco for tho inhabitants of the city, in the event of an insurrection among tho Slaves. " Young Charleston" in timo triumphed, and this castellated Slave.pcn wo can call it bv no other name was tho result. Having viewed it from without, let us look within. You enter at tho cast front, through a massivo Gothic door or gate, and lind yourself in a spacious vestibule, with broad stairs leading to the right and left. Facing you in tho vestibule, and inscrilied, into the wall, arc inarblo tables, on which is inscribed, in bold lettering, tho names of tho architect and designer, tho dato of the laying of tho corner stone, and sundry othor things appertaining to tho building. Having satisfied vour curiosity over the inscriptions, you proceed through nar- ow passages, passing through tho " l'umsli- mcnt ltoom" on ono side, and the apartments of some of the oflicers on tho other, and find yourself looking into a hollow square, surroud-cd by two or three tiers of galleries. There is a barrick-liko appearance about these galleries, whilo tho air of gloom that pervades all, excites strango fancies in one's mind, ltetum-ing to tho vestibulo, you can ascend the broad stairs to tho first gallery, round which you may walk, looking into the squares upon tho various apartments appropriated to tho officers, &c. &c. Around theso galleries aro rows of small cells, about 4 feet ti inches wide, 7 feet long and as many high; in them slaves aro confined. Tho " work-house" answers adoublo pur-poso ; thoso convicted of crimes, to which the slavo laws mako them amenable, aro sent here for safe keeping, and for this their owners are charged seventeen cents a day, which includes their lood a pecs ot corn-grits per week. Slavo " brokers," as well as dealers, passing through Charleston with their coflles, find this a convenient placo to deposit their merchandize. Safety and economy, two desirable ob jects, arc hero nicely combined. The cells are without beds, and during tho chilly autumn nights suffering to the human beings thus confined is a natural result. Ono warm blanket is considered a suflicicnt covering ; and you not unfrequently sco in tho papers a no-tico from the " work-house" to owners to pro-vido blankets for their slavos, or it will bo dono by tho institution and charged to them. This is strongly suggestivo of tho suffering to which theso poor mortals arc suljected. Under a foreign regime, iu the days of tho '.' old woik-house," it was customary to set slaves confined for crimes to work at breaking stones. For this purpose they wero supplied with sharp-pointed hammers, with handles about lour teet long. Ihese hammers, during tin pain, tho cries of tho sufferer not unfrequently break upon tho ear, piercingly, outsido tho walls of tho prison. As slaves vary in color, from tho fairest whito down to tho blackest ebony, so is ono constitution moro delicate I ban another. Tho most robust black can tiear up longer under punishment than the "bright" or fair Slave. In view of this, it is found nocessary to adapt tho sizo of tho paddle, as well as tho force of tho blow, to tho capability of tho constitution. It is not an uncommon thing that females, delicate, and fair of skin, aro punished in this manner. If you Iw a transiunt visitor, tho' Cliarlestonian will'tell you, with an air of sincerity, that females aro not flogged by men. This, wo assert, is falso a deception practised upon tho stranger iu order to shield themselves from tho odium of tho outrage. Tomato Slaves are bound and suspended in tho sumo manner as the males ; tho only dill'erenco being that their garments, which nro rolled up from behind, and secured about tho waist with a strap. In tho punishment of these delicately formed Slaves great discretion is necessary ; indeed, in many instances spasms havo been produced on the first stroke of tho puddle. We remember to have had pointed out to us by an cx-kecper of tho " Upper Work-house,'! a girl than whom nono fairer walks Broadway, who was by her owner a man of most dissolute habits, twico brought to the institution for punishment, and each timo sunk in to spasms under tho first blow. Tho keeper a man ol good heart, and only forced by circumstances to accept a position that involved duties against winch his bettor naturo revolt' ed assured us that ho appealed in vain to tho owner of tho girl, who stood by the whilo, not to attempt to inflict a punishment sho was too delicate to withstand. Tho girl was the daughter of a "gentloman" belonging to ono of tho " first families of Charleston." That our friends thero may not mistnko us, wo will hero add that we relor to Anna ilson. The fastidious will, no doubt, say theso things had better remain untold, for tho motto now is When chivalry speaks, let humanity Iw dumb! Let us leavo this castellated &lave-pcn (called by the facetious, "Hutchinson's Folly,") with its heart-sick victims, and its dungeons of torture, and wend our way to the groat "Guard-House," a description of which we proposo to give in our noxt. Truly Yours, F. C. ADAMS. INSVKRECTIONAKY SPIRIT AMONG the ne;koi;h-its cause-impo TKNCY OK THE SOUTH I Oil SELF PEl'EMCE. A HUCKSTER OUTDONE. Away down in tho smart village of Cincina- ti, there vegetates a certain hotel keener, who for cutuness, is " some," you may douend. Having been frequently imposed upon whilo supplying his bountiful larder with geese, by tho wide awako "Buckeye" hucksters, he deemed it high time to try if cheating wasn't a gamo that two could play at. So one morning, bright and early, he presented himself before one of tho numerous farmors' wagons surrounding tho market squaro, with a 'Is-s-say friend, g-g-got any, g-gcese,' (tho poor fellow has got Charles Lamb's defect of speech.) "Yes, fino lot" "W-w-well, I'vo E-g-cot ui at mv house tho all-firedest s-set of boys for g-g-geeso you ever did seo, and I want-to head. 'em off with a fow t-tongh ones c-can't you pick me, out a mow old h-ho tellers r" "Woll, I don't know but I might find one or two," and. so turning Over his pilo of poultry, ho collects on ono sido of his wagon, some 8 or 10 gcoso, whoso claim to tho titlo of "old fellers' needed no corroborative proof of " Noot-ka Sound Convention." or " Treaty of Flnvi- da," but might justly bo pronounco'd clear and unquestionable. " Mino host' cyod tho progrossof separation with evident satislaction. "Aro thoso ull tho t-tough ones you've got?" " Yes, sir, and I vow I did'nt know I had so many." "Weil," was tho reply, "I g-g-gucss I'll take tho other lot!" Average Duration of Human Lift. Trof. Buchanan, in a lato lecture beforo the Mechanics' Institute at Cincinnati, said that in tho latter part of tho sixteenth cencury ono-half of all who wero born died under flvo years of age ; the average longevity of tho whole population was but 18 years. In tho seventeenth century ono half of tho population died under twelve years. But in tho first sixty years of tho eighteenth century one-half of tho population lived over 28 years. In tho latter forty years one-half exceeded 32 years of ago. At the beginning the present century one-half ox- attempt at insurrection, somewhat celubrated I C0C(,ca 40 'cars : 111,(1 from 1838 to ''15 ono as being headed by the " Boy Nicholas," wore turned into instruments of warfare ; they were used with great ofl'ect, and niado a weapon by which the police wero twico repulsed. In one of these tho Mayor had his arm broken. Since that timo tho labor of breaking stone has been suspended. It may here bo well to add that the pcoplo of Charleston live in continual fear of an uprising of tho slaves, and keep in oxistenco tho most completo preparations 'for mooting such nn event. Having walked round the galleries, looked into tho narrow pens that line their sides, and glanced at the arena where dealers in slave merchandize exhibit their wares to purchasers, we will descend the stairs, turn short to tho right, and enter a small dark room about sixteen feet squaro. We are in the " Punishment Room." Hero ingenuity would seem to havo exhausted itself in devising instruments of torture. e say torture for when man is reduced to merchandize, submission must follow ; and when every other means fail to pro duce it, torture is restored to. In many instances tho master, in sending his slavo to be punished at the work-house, seeks rather to oxcito terror than inflict pain. Hcnco the np- pcaranco of tho " Punishment Boom" is inado means to that end. Fantastically-shaped caps for smothering the head ; wooden instruments of various sizes, ith lint blades from four to six inches wide, and handles three feet long, called paddles ; broad leather straps, ropes and cowhides all hang hero and there, suspended upon the alls. A block and tackle, similar to that used on shipboard, bang suspended from the centre of the ceiling : whilo underneath a platform stretches across the floor. Upon this platform tho slavo is made to stand, his feet being fust secured to it with cords. His wrists are then secured in a double shacklo, to which tho Uock is hooked on, and tho victim bcine stripped and the caD drawn over his face, is hoisted to the utmost tension of his or her Jbody. Some of those paddles havo perforated Utdxn, and when laid on tho posteriors, as is cuilpmary, produce a acute pain. By this somewhat refined process of punishment tho "property is saved that deterioration in Taluo which results from lacerating tho back with the whip or cowhide. Suspended in the manner luro described, the Dad- din is laid on bv the keener nf tbn institution - or one of his officers. . Xbe fees accruing from punishment are very considerable, and are part of the pereqillsitcs of the keeper. " ' 1 Powerless, but Writhing in tho agony of his half exceeded 43. Tho average longevity of theso successive periods has been increased from eighteen years in tho sixteenth century up to 43-7 by tho last reports. Fifty Miles to Hear Iti-uion. .The Rockland (Me.) Dimocrat says Col. Hall of Camdon end three gentlemen from Rockland, went to Bath to hear and see Col. Benton. They had the pleasure of on introduction to the Colonel, spent an hour in his room, and received a call of like length from him at their own rooms. When they informed Col. Benton that they had traveled fifty miles to hear him speak, ho remarked that it was tho greatest compliment ever paid him." " Ono man" he said, "in Massachusetts, had rodo 10 miles by railway to see him, but that was nothing in comparison to fifty miles over our hilly country in a common carriage." 03" Tho St. Louis llqmllkan speaks of Mr. Benton's prospect to go to tho United States Senate from Missouri, as follows : As to Oio point mado, that Mr. Buchanan's influence is used in Missouri to havo Benton returned to the Senate, it is puro fiction. Mr Buchanan cannot want him there his friends do not want him there he would blow tho administration sky high if ho wero there. Thero is not a real Democrat iu Missouri who does want him there. They might as well fitit hempen twino around their necks and be tanged at onco as suffer him to go bark to the Senato with tho idea that ho would forgive any ono of thcrn for their opposition to him. Little or big, ho would hang them all. A New Cure for Cancer. M. LandolA, surgeon-in-chief of tho Neapolitan army, is averted to havo seemingly cured cancer by the topieal application of the chloride of bromine., in cowbination with several other chlorides, according to the following formula : Chlorido of fcrQuiuio, throe parts ; chloride antimony, one part; chloride gold, one part ; powdered liquorice, sufficient to makeaposto. The surrounding parts aro protected by anointment of one drachm of chloro form to an ounce of lard. M. Landolll has 4een allowed six beds at La Saltpotriere, Par-is, U) lASt the efficacy of his remedy. , . . ' . 11 ' V ., (pr UlB8t lost is preferable to dishonors, bio gain ; for by the one, a man suffers but once ; by the other, his sufferings is lasting.' In tho form of a simplo, but most forcible, figure, Holy Writ lays down the rulo by which punishment is inflicted, at the hand of 1 rovidenco, upon sucli as, without regard to tho peaco of society, lalior with blind ferocity to advanco their own designs. " l hey who sow tho wind," says tho voice of inspiration, "shall reap tho whirlwind;" and so iiivnriiv bly truo is tho declaration, that it is always salo to predict mischief upon such as, in tho selfish Pursuit of some temnorarv advanta-.ro. permit themselves to speak lightly of, harbor designs, or do acts that tend to disturb the public tranquility. Wo have, on several occasions, expressed tho opinion that tho unscrupulous violence Willi which, on tho part of tho politicians of the slavo-holding Stales of tho Union, tho re cent political campaign was conducted tho infamously untrue charges that wero mado against one of tho candidates for tho Presides cy, and his party tho threats of disunion and civil war that wero thrown out in caso he should bo elected, and the ill-feeling that was so assiduously cultivated toward tho pcoplo of tho .Northern states, would havo tho ellect to produco social disturbances and reactions at homo that would not only moro than compensate for all the advantago that would bo gained by a temporary success m a courso so unjust, but would inllict severe, exemplary and lasting punishment upon tho South, and that in tho very interest in whoso namo the offence was committed. And in this respxt our foreboding was prophetic. Tho South is receiving its punishment, not from tho North, but frcm herself. Sho has with her own hands contrived tho enginery that has struck a deadly blow at her vitals. Her public men would havo severed tho Union, and kindled tho torch of civil war all over tho land, under tho pretext to givo stability to their peculiar institution ; and in tho very hour of success their institution seems crumbling to pieces, Beforo. tho election, Southern chivulry would havo rushed across the Ohio, conquered the laborious North, seized upon tho capital city, and borne off to its strong holds, the archives and symbols of government ; now, smitten with a mortal fear, and shaking with a cow- ardico that it cannot even conceal, it trembles in tho.faco of its slaves, and confesses its inability to defend itself against tho superior prowess of its own property. Is not hero hu miliation.' W here, sinco the loundation ot tho world, wero tho vain so down-trodden tho boastful so exposed tho presumptuous so beaten and shamed ? All this is palpably punishment. It is tho crop that has sprung up to reward tho care of those who sowed lar and wide tho seeds of tho tempost. . Had every press in tho North been engaged in tho manufacture of "incendiary documents," and every mail, railway and public conveyance in tho land been employed in their distribution had ovcry Northern school mistress been transferred to tho South, and without tho fear of whipping-posts, or penitentiaries beforo her eyes, had full occupation in teaching negro children tho alphabet had overy New England parson's wife alternated with hor annual domestic bantling a litorary offspring and " Uncle Tom's Cabin" or J'Dred" not all theso together could have preached liberty to tho slave, aud awakened in tho bosom of the human cattlo half so clear an opinion ot his rights as a man, as tho sjieeclics, acts end conversations that have occurred around him during the six months that aro past. The negro is only in a slight degreo cducablo by books and literature ; but in an intense degreo by association and example. His dependent condition, which renders him littlo impressible by influences from abroad, makes him greatly so, by thoso that arc at home ; and within tho past year, the negro of tho Southern States has been receiving tho elements of ideas, and tho basis of a civil education with almost miraculous rapidity. Ho has departed from a point to which ho will never return. His altered condition will enforeo a change iu tho policy of Southern society toward him ; and will work a material revolution in tho relation in which he stands to his master. Hero and there, in tho Southern press, wo find thoso insurrectionary movements of tho negroes which seem to havo been universal throughout tho slaveholding States, charged as tho work of Abolitionists ; but in their phenomena, there is nothing more apparent than their spontaniety. There could havo boon no such concert throughout extensive districts as direct human agency would havo produced ; aud yet the samo impulse seems to havo been felt by all. That impulse is evidently tho result of an intonso longing for freedom, born of newly awakened intellectual activity ; for up on no othor hypothesis can its generality or its simultanoousucss bo explained. In regard to its generality, tho following from tho Richmond Enquirer of December loth, presents food for reflection : " Every day devolves some fresh scheme of revolting among tho slaves of tho western and moro southern States. To thoso already re. ported in our columns, we have to add anoth er prepared plan of insurrection just detected and defeated in South Carolina. Occurring at the same tune in so many separate locah ties, Uieso discoveries suggest tho suspicion of a very general spirit of insubordination among tho negro population. Why should this Stato ulouo bo exempt from tho dangor which nn pended over nearly the entire Southorn community? It is not. In Montgomery county and in the vicinity of Williamsburg, facts have been brought to light which warrant tho ap prehension of an outbreak, and justify tho peo ple in tho most summary measures olsuppression. It is a rcmarKahle circumstance in all these schemes of meditated insurrection, that Christ mas was selected as the day of their accomplishment. Now, observing so wide spread a spirit of revolt among the slaves, perceiving that tho samo incendiary causes operate in full vigor in this Stato, and seeing, jndeed, that indications of intended ou threat; have been detected iu more than ono county in Virginia, wo venture, at the hazard of even ex citing unnecessary apprehension, to inquire if it is not tho duty or the authorities and or the people to provide ovory possiblo precaution against any demonstration of violence among our own negroes? Shall we not bo admonished by timely discoveries in other States? Or, shall wo neglect our own security until we, too, are exposed to extreme alarm, if not to actual peril : " Tho truth is that if, as the Riduaosd Ei- juirer, few' weeks ago, insisted, slavery is the basis or southern society, and the rngro .the cement of our national institutions,' then the basis of Southern society is most palpably insecure, tho cement of our institutions Is little bettor than untempered mortar. But we bee leave to copy another paragraph from the same journal, because it embodies an exhibi tion as pitiful as it is true, of tho physical impotence, and want.of moral force of that people whose citizen soldiery according to the vaunting of 'their empty-headed politicians a few weeks ago were, before this time, to rush across tho border, trample to dust the cowardly ranks of northern abolitionists, like tho bold barons of Normundy, and, by right of superior prowoss, seize and hold tho govern-ment : "Tho military system in Virginia is in nttor dilapidation. Out of the cities wo havo no organized means of protection ogainst a sudden emergency. Evory consideration, then, suggests the necossity of adopting immediato measures of prevention. Obviously the best thing to bo done under the circumstances, is to appoint patrols for tho towns to moro rigor and vigilance. It is osixioiully important that tho counties should be thoroughly patrolled, so as to interrupt oxtonsivo communications among tho slaves, and to provont them from assembling in largo numbors. Perhaps, be-twoon this mid Christmas tho county court may not havo an opportunity to attend to tho mattor, but tho magistrates of any district havo power to appoint patrols, and they should do it without delay. In default of thoir action, privato gentlemen may concort measures for tho discovery and smmrassinn of nnv mn. ditatcd outbreak." Tho acts of tho insurrectionary negroes so far indicate a desire to escajK) from slavery ; not a cupidity for tho possession of their master's property, or a propensity to destroy thorn by a general murder. What they heard du ring tho rsidental canvass led them to bo- lievo that liberty was approaching very near. and to hope that a resolute oxertion on thoir part would secure it to them. They inferred that tho election of Col. Fremont would bo equivalent, if not to an universal emancipation, at least to a defenco of their freedom in the northern states, in case they should succeed in ofl'ecting thoir oscapo to them. It is probable that tho genonu uneasiness of tho colored population of the south will be aggravated by tho cruelties practised upon thoso whoso complicity in tho movements is detected, and that tho pago this year commenced will mark an important epoch in the nstory ot nogro slavery. Cm. Com. A GE.H IN THE HIVER. From the Cincinnati Oiuetle. SPECULATION I IV 1' IT It M C LANDS ANDTIIElIt TUNDUft' VIES. A young mother, with tears of bereavement in her eyes, stood over the River of Death. gazing wistfully into its dark and sluggish waters, as if sho would fain rest her gazo upon somo cbject away down down in its fathom less depths. Sho gazodlong and wistfully, and the black waves rolled sullenly, sluggishly onward. And tho mother laid hor hand submissively on hor bosom and wept, and said, " My gem ! my gem ! " And a celestial being, like an angel, stood near tho hidden door of her heart, and whispered in a silvery voice liko music, "What seekest thou, mourning sister ? " "Alas!" said tho mourner, "I onco, oven yesterday, wore a beautiful gem in my bosom. To mo it was invaluable it was no trivial gem, it was ono that kings and monarchs might well havo boon proud of tho riches of tho east could not have purchased it from me. In an hour that to me was evil and miserable. the gem dropped from my bosom into the black night ot this deep river. As 1 saw it lloatmg away from me gently as the coming of an east ern shadow, I reached after it, but it was beyond my grasp, and my getn-my babe, smiled upon mo, as it was riding on the wavos further and lurthcr hom mo. It began to sink to sink lrora my sight, and in a moment my gem was gone and gone Joreuerl" and sho turned sorrowfully away. And the angel voico whispered again, "Stay, sister, guuvu, iiui, iooo. uuiu into me uargriver." She looked, as she was bid, and a cry of rapturous joy burst Irom her hps. " Thanks to thee, Father 1 I seo my gem floating in a great black wave. 0, may I not wear it in my bosom again ?" "Stay, my sister, thou art deceived; what thou tbt in tho river is not thy gem ; it is tho shadow of what was given thoo in trust, Look, sister, heavenward, and bid thy mourning heart rejoice." Sho looked aloft, and away up in tho dark, beclouded sky, sho saw a single spot clear and blue, and in it a bright star was gleaming, and its silvery rays caino down and danced on the gloomy river, giving tho black wave a bright ness, as it silvered through and through ; and away down many fathoms the bright reileetion rested, and this the mourner thought was her lost gem. Sho gazed silently upon the scene, and the star from heaven was shining. And tho voico of tho angel camo again, like unto tho sweet song of many instruments of music, saying, "sister, the gloomy waves thou scest, though cold, and dark, and terrible, roll ceaselessly onward up to tho great gato of heaven, and thither they bore thy mourned for gem, which tho good father lent theo ; the waves havo borne it back to him, and it blooms and shines forever near tho throco, liko yon brightly beaming star, Tho voico was hushed, and tho sorrowing mother turned away with her eyes lifted from the earth and gloomy river, and fixed them hopefully and wistfully on heaven. And the bright star sho saw, when tears filled her eyes mourning for her loss, yet beams brightly, and it shines on hor littlo baby's grave. Sinco the foundation of the Amorican gov-ornmont, its vast landed domain has not only been a source of safety and of wealth, but also a frequent cause of commercial speculation. Lands are in this country moro merchandize, sold liko a balo of cloth, and connected with nono of thoso personal attachments and hereditary memories which cling to almost ovory homestead in Europe. Lands, farms, homes, nro morchiindi.o to be bought and sold as readily and hastily as any box of goods. The consequence is, that in ovory period of com- miatau ntmuy, vueru uru immense investments in land for the mere purpose of speculation. This sort of speculation is decidedly injurious to tho regular business of tho oountry, but is nutural, and will not cease ontirely till all tho good lands owned by the government havo been putiu tho market. This time however, is not remote ; for such is the restless and wasteful hasto of tho government, in unnecessarily throwing vast quantities on the market for tho boucllt of speculators only that tho fertilo part of our vast domain will, in a few years, bo oxausted. I he President's Mossago discloses a most startling fact that in tho year ending July 1, 185U, at least double tho quantity of land was disposed of which was over sold in any previous your. Iu round numbors, tho President states it thus : Sold 9,200,000 acres, Land Warrants issuod 30,300,000 " THE I'MAXM-fil-VCINO TANS." PVBt Disposed of 39,500,000 " Now, these land warrants, though issued to special grantees of tho government, all eventually lind their way into the market and arc (except to the Treasury) precisely the same if sold by tho Land Office. Most of them find thoir way into tho hands of speculators, and are finally sold at more than doublo tho price of thoso sold by tho government. In this way, wo find that nearly forty millions of acres wero markoted in ono year. Lot us compare this j with previous sales mado by tho government: In 1833 In 1834 In 1835 In 1830 In 1837 In 1838 In 1839 In 1840 In 1841 3,85G,L'27 acres. 4,058,218 " 12,501,478 " 20,074,870 " 5,001,103 " 3,414,007 " 4,970,382 " 2,230,889 " 1,1G4,705 CLAY AND DIKLIXGAiTIE. Cassius M. Clay tolls tho following ; During tho Lite political canvass, Burlin-gamo and himself occupied adjoining rooms at tho Bates House, Indianapolis. "At a late hour ono evening," says ho, "I was in B's room, and both of us wero somowhat olated with popular onthusiasm. Wo were, as old soldiors wero wont to do, fighting our battles ovor again, when a fino band, right ppposite my room, poured o'er the sea of night, floods of soul stirring music. 'Clay, you aro honored,' said V., 'go and acknowledge tho compli-ment.' With due dillidcnco I excused my self; when as I anticipated, the band broke forth anew in strains of heroic melody in front of tho room occupied by B. I, havo you now,' says I ; 'now give 'em a sentiment.' ' No, you,' says B. ' Well,' says I ; both together;' so Jockuag arms, with an air of in-tenso dignity, we walked out upon the balco ny, and in a faltering voico I commenced ' Indiana, Massachusetts, and Kentucky triple sistors may they over be truo to tho Union !' Tho leader or the iiand, after a liausc, inquir ed, 'Who aro you?WCay and Burlin-game,' said I. , ' Tho h--l you are,' said he in reply ; and thon, in an undertone, addressed to his followers, he concluded : ''lious. it' i not the Girl in Red J" OiT Tho Louisville Journal cives tt fol- ltfwig plain, forcible and spicy opinion oo the fresidQOt's .Message : "The whofo Message is written in an apologetic and deprecatory strain as if to exeuse the conduct of a crushed and broken down, a helpless and hopeless Admin istration, expiring amidst universal public ex ecration, and ojtoously crying fqJ morcy from an outraged pcoplo by whom it has been sig-ni Bean tly condom ncd." Tho land speculations, prior to tho present reached their height in 1830, when the amount sold was enormous, but only luilf of what it was in tho year 1855-50. Tho average sales of lands from 1822 to 1852 inclusive, was 4,920,000 acres per annum ; or, one-fifth only of what was marketed in last fiscal year. With tho issuo of land warrants, under the acts of 1852 and 1854, land speculation recom menced. In 185o the lands thrown on the market reached 12,000,000 of acres. In 1850 they have reached 40,000,000 1 Tho sales of this immense amount of land, as well as those of tho Illinois Central Railroad ami othcrcom- paniesof that description, have been maintain ed by purchasers of three classes. First, were tho foreign immigrants, who, at the time the government commenced its land warrant give away system, had reached thoir height (in 1804 about JoO.UOO,) but aro now diminishing. Secondly, tho citizens of tho old States, especially New England, New York, Ohio, and Kentucky, who thought to share in the gol den harvest thrown open to all the world by the extremo generosity of tho government. In tho Stato of Ohio, there is not a county where thoro aro not numerous holders of lands in Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Nebraska and Ivansas. Vast quantities of theso lands aro held for speculation. Sometimes they aro cultivated, but always bought for speculation. Ono citizen ot Ohio holds ewMu thousand acres of land in Illinois. Numerous others hold from flvo hundred to four thousand each in Iowa. Besides thoso who havo thus speculated, thoro is a third class who havo actual ly becomo immigrants to tho new States as actual settlers of land. It is mainly theso who have filled up Iowa, Michigan and parts of Illinois. Theso number tens of thonsands from all the old States. Western New York has (except in its towns) been actually depopula ted by this exodus of speculating farmers. There aro counties in Western New York which, (excepting tho largo towns,) havo less population than in 1810. Such are tho facts m raforeneo to tho great land speculations which havo boon and aro going on. here, wo may ask, is it to end ? The Western settlements will, of courso, go on as they always have dono, and for reasons which are quite obvious. The stream is fod by tho springs, and if they ccaso, the stream cease. The cause of this iminenso depopulation, in part, stilt exists. But, as wo remarked, foreign inunigra tion had reached its height in 1854, and has sinco been declining. It is apparent that immigration from Europo will not bo what it has been. Ireland has lost two millions of inhabitants, ant is passing through a moral and industrial reformation. Tho discontents of Germany have, in a great mcasuro, passed away. As peace has returned, and tho surplus population boon drawn off, tho causes of emigration havo sensibly diminished in their force. The actual settlors of land from tlat quarter will, therefore, bo less. Hut thero is likely to bo a still greater dimunition from another source. I ho natural and commercial ellect of draining off great numbers of pcoplo from tho old States is being rapidly produced. 1 hat is, to equal ize tho profits of tho old and new lands, and thus mako it quite as desirable to stay at homo. Farmers sell lands high to buy cheap. lint when, as is tho fact, tho price ou ono sido rap-, idly rises, and on tho other rather diminished tho real values, in roferenco to values, are soon equalized. Tho absolute relation of values is that between the market prcfits. Estimated in this way the great body of Ohio land is bettor worth $30 per noro, than Iowa land is $10 or Kansas $5. Tho inducements for farmers in Ohio, Kentucky and Now York to emigrato to remote States aro not what they wero. They will be still further diminished. With the diminution of actual sottlers, speculation will diminish, and thus an evil which threatons to do mischief, may lio arrested by commercial causes. At this timo thero are many parts of Ohio where it is fur more profitable to buy and cultivato a farm than in any of tho frontier States. The land is rooJ.- All tho moats of conveyance to market arc at hand. Various markets may be roarhod, and all good, livery article raised h Ohio,, from a turnip np, is marketable, and commands the cash. We only need a little more of system and of science, to mako Ohio the pSrflen and granary of the oountry. Tbe land speculation has pnoixtbly attained tho crisis, and it will be well for fanners in the Ohio Valley to culti vato first and best their owo'hbmcsUada. (tV As long as thou shalt tire, seek to im prove thyself; presume not that old ago brings witn iiaeir wisdom ; it u cotter to learn late th'aV aeW: ' OiT Wu publish the following at the requeai of an old and esteemed subscriber. Ed. Bl-PUDMCAN. ' ' ' At the collation of the Congregational Li-1 brary Association, which took place in Fanouil Hull, Boston, May 31, 1855, the following toast was given ; ' The Psalm-singing Purw tans : tho church choir was tho whole congre- . gntion, " lioth young men and maidens, old men and children." ' To this suntimont Lowoll Mason Esq., responded as follows : ' '' " Mr. President : Tho epithetpslam-sing-ing, may bo of doubtful import; for it has sometimes been used to express derision, scorn or contempt. But not so horo ; nor can it cvor be thus used by thoso who know wl)V tho pslams .are, and what pslam-sirigrng '18 ;) or who havo felt its power upon their 6vn) hearts. There is a direct tendency in the use of tho pslams to make strong Christians ; and ho whose religious affections have beon train-1 cd on lattico which tho pslams afford, will not bo lound among the doubting, tho faltering, the uncertain and tho fearful. I'slam-singing waa mighty in' tho hands of th Itoformeip.' ahd! it was no unimportant element in tho assemblies of tho Turitans. The forefathers of New Eng- land were pslam-singers, and this was ono of tho circumstances which tended to mako them' what they wore. To thd pslams, the Bibbs. pslams, they wero undoubtedly muciiInttobt--ed for their decision, courage, firmness, self-denial, and general religious character:! ' They.' sang and thoy prayed tho pslams ; thoy sang-as they prayed, and they prayed as thoy'sangr and tho praying and singing of the pslams Was one and the samo thing. Pslam-singing, Sir,, is ono of tho rich legacies which the Puritans left to thoir decondants. But, alas! has potl tho gold beconio dim, aud is not tho fine goM changed? ' The pslams of God have been given up, or exchanged for tho hymns of men ; and for thoso divine forms of deep penitence, strong faith, lively hope, and holy joy furnished in tho pslams, wo have substituted to a groat ox- tent the more feeble productions of an impcr-' feet human, Christian experience God's pslams, like Jacob's ladder, reach from earth to heaven ; but man's hymns often extend no higher than to the floating, darkened clouds of, an earthly atmosphere. But, moro than this, ' tho pslam-singing of the Puritans, in too many ' instances in those latter days, is exchanged for moro tune singing, so that it is the tuna awL not tho pslam which is sung ; or if the pslam' be connected with tho tune, it is sung for the tune's sake. Music is an art, or an artistic mannor of singing, or rather an attempt at an';, artistic stylo, has taken tho place of psalmodly, In a church in a neighboring city, perhaps it was on Easter Sunday, thoro were distributed in tho pews programmes of tho musical performances, prepared after the usual concerlj. ' fashion ; naming tho pieces of musio, and aTwJ tho singers that wero to appear on the occasion.-Ono of tho nowspapers, in an after notice, har- ing remarked upon the music and upon the performers, added this very significant sen, tenco : "During the recess between tho diffor-' ent pieces of music, the officiating olergymaa' read tho morning service." Tho dlfforon'c-. between musical performance and the singing-of the pslams is in some places recognized. Sometime sinco, when I spent a Sabbath in ' Dresden, Saxony, I inquired in the morning.' ' where I could probably hear tho best musio ? "0," said the gentloman to whom I addressed the question, " there is no music in any of the, churchos to-dny, only have music in tho churches on somo of the festivnr days." '"Ks music ; what, do not tho peoplo sing the pslams or chorales ?" "0 yes, the peoplo sine the chorales, but we havo no music to-day ; " thus'-making a broad distinction between music antt pslam-singing. , , Iruly important. Mr. President, has .boen- that legacy of psliun-sincing which was be- queathed to us bv our Puritan forefathers; but it may be questioned whether the tuno singling which our children aro likely to inherit : from us, will not be much less valuable in tho formation of Christian character, or as a means', " of religious development. Our Puritan ancos---: tors, Sir, wero pskim-singers, not more passive listenors to tho tuno singing of a choir, svt ! they themselves put forth their voices and i -. thus participated in tho servico of song in the house of the Lord ; tho choir was the whole derstood, was not known to the early settlers, of New England, and it ferrrwd no part of thou? Kal;tatli day e'ervic.'s. .- ?. This, Sir, is tho true and o'lthcology of Con- gregational pslam-singing l et tbero.bej.no wailing for qualifications. Let no previous singing schools be required, but let the peoplo begin tho song, ond the singing schools wilt follow. But let the tuno bo plain vory plain, well known, and so simple that it will ba impossible for any ono to go far astray. Fath- ors and mothers, singing thus without the knowledge, if not for themselves yet for their children. Mr. President, if thoro is any one., thing-,' 'connected with the manner of cotiaTuoting the public religiyus,sorviee of 4loS.ibbath by the Puritan' Forefathers of ..New England, which we ought to imitato or rosto're.it is .that of. singing the pslumi and of singing them Ey choir consisting of tlic wltole congregation, both, young men and maidens, o'i men anl children," Homoeopathy r, La Moniteur, tho official organ of the French, government, announces that Dr. Mabbit, a-' liouucopathist, haji been created a Knight of. tho legion of Honor, in consequence of his distinguished success iu tho treatment of chol-'. era in difforeut plaos. The jpnorul result it as follows : ' 1 Treated Alopathieatly. . .,,,.,403.027 ' Cured ,254,783 Died 240,239 giving a per ccntage of 49 deaths out of KX,r Treated Homueopathically 2,33!) ' Cured ., 2,009 Died ..,,.;.-,'.-. 110 giving 7'j as the pet nosvige, u deaths. n. j. 07" A fellow entered a place on Sunday pretty yell fuddled, and askjd for soma cider. .. He v. told they did not sell the article on Sijodny. " Woll," says tho stranger, "you should nM ba hard hearted, for you know the good book speaks of ontortaining ange U unawares." ." YoV sys the storekeeper, "but I nover know that angels drank' sour jsidor on Sun. day." ri r i ' " , CT Wo' should consider integrity as of t more weight than oaths ( oj observe the pur-. prt of what thou premised, more stricth than an oath. (T Whaloyor ws know to be rigH that we should do, oveu. tbovgh our conduct sbo'ij m?ot with reproach and ri licule. . OiT r snx pleased with. the abodo which ex,-' . hibita nothing superfluous, ani whir I find voiyjiinj that is nocessary: -i.