Geography

Tanzania is in East Africa on the Indian Ocean. To the north are Uganda
and Kenya; to the west, Burundi, Rwanda, and Congo; and to the south,
Mozambique, Zambia, and Malawi. Its area is three times that of New
Mexico. Tanzania contains three of Africa's best-known lakes—Victoria in
the north, Tanganyika in the west, and Nyasa in the south. Mount
Kilimanjaro in the north, 19,340 ft (5,895 m), is the highest point on the
continent. The island of Zanzibar is separated from the mainland by a
22-mile channel.

Government

Republic.

History

Arab traders first began to colonize the area in 700. Portuguese
explorers reached the coastal regions in 1500 and held some control until
the 17th century, when the sultan of Oman took power. With what are now
Burundi and Rwanda, Tanganyika became the colony of German East Africa in
1885. After World War I, it was administered by Britain under a League of
Nations mandate and later as a UN trust territory.

Although not mentioned in old histories until the 12th century,
Zanzibar was always believed to have had connections with southern Arabia.
The Portuguese made it one of their tributaries in 1503 and later
established a trading post, but they were driven from Oman by Arabs in
1698. Zanzibar was declared independent of Oman in 1861 and, in 1890, it
became a British protectorate.