Effect of planting methods and different source of N fertilizer on some agronomic characters in rice (Vr. BRRI dhan 39)

Abstract
Proper planting methods are important for crop establishment and fertilizer has a beneficial effect on soil physical properties. Keeping this in view a study was carried out at biological science research field, Rajshahi University campus during June to October 2000 to evaluate the planting methods and different N fertilizer effect on yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan 39. Three planting methods and two N fertilizer materials with no fertilizer treatment using split plot block design with three replications. The results demonstrated that direct seedling line sowing and transplanting produced significantly higher yield components and grain yields. Grain and grain straw yields of BRRI dhan 39 were increased due to different N fertilizer treatment and highest value was recorded with the application of pilled urea in the direct seedling line sowing and transplanting methods that of direct seedling broadcasting methods respectively. The harvest index and straw yield were also higher for the line sowing than broadcast sowing. Fertilizer helps to increase the plant height, straw dry matter, grain weight and fertile tiller number.

Effect of planting methods and different source of N fertilizer on some agronomic characters in rice (Vr. BRRI dhan

Abstract
Proper planting methods are important for crop establishment and fertilizer has a beneficial effect on soil physical properties. Keeping this in view a study was carried out at biological science research field, Rajshahi University campus during June to October 2000 to evaluate the planting methods and different N fertilizer effect on yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan 39. Three planting methods and two N fertilizer materials with no fertilizer treatment using split plot block design with three replications. The results demonstrated that direct seedling line sowing and transplanting produced significantly higher yield components and grain yields. Grain and grain straw yields of BRRI dhan 39 were increased due to different N fertilizer treatment and highest value was recorded with the application of pilled urea in the direct seedling line sowing and transplanting methods that of direct seedling broadcasting methods respectively. The harvest index and straw yield were also higher for the line sowing than broadcast sowing. Fertilizer helps to increase the plant height, straw dry matter, grain weight and fertile tiller number.

Proper planting methods are important for crop establishment and fertilizer has a beneficial effect on soil physical properties. Keeping this in view a study was carried out at biological science research field, Rajshahi University campus during June to October 2000 to evaluate the planting methods and different N fertilizer effect on yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan 39. Three planting methods and two N fertilizer materials with no fertilizer treatment using split plot block design with three replications. The results demonstrated that direct seedling line sowing and transplanting produced significantly higher yield components and grain yields. Grain and grain straw yields of BRRI dhan 39 were increased due to different N fertilizer treatment and highest value was recorded with the application of pilled urea in the direct seedling line sowing and transplanting methods that of direct seedling broadcasting methods respectively. The harvest index and straw yield were also higher for the line sowing than broadcast sowing. Fertilizer helps to increase the plant height, straw dry matter, grain weight and fertile tiller number.

Abstract
An experiment was carried out at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi during the kharif season to study the effect of variety, spacing and number of seedlings hill-1 on the yield potentials of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of three high yielding varieties viz. BRRI dhan32, BRRI dhan33 and BR11, four levels of spacing viz. 10cm25cm, 15cm25cm, 20cm25cm and 25cm25cm and four levels of number of seedlings hill-1 viz. 2 seedlings hill-1, 3 seedlings hill-1, 4 seedlings hill-1 and 5 seedlings hill-1. A split-split plot design was used with three replications assigning the variety on the main plot, spacing to the sub-plots and number of seedlings hill-1 to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on almost all the yield component characters and yield. All the yield components characters except number of fertile spikelets panicle-1 were highest in case of variety BR11 and hence it produced the highest grain yield (5.92 tha-1). Spacing had a significant influenced on the yield components and yield of rice. All the yield contributing characters were highest at 15cm×25cm spacing and thus it produced the highest grain yield (5.93 t ha-1). Effect of the number of seedlings hill-1 was also significant on almost all the yield enhancing characters. The highest plant height, panicle length, fertile spikelets panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight were found when 2 seedlings were transplanted hill-1 and consequently it produced the highest grain yield (5.78 t ha-1)..

Foliar feeding has been used as a mean of supplying supplement doses of minor and major nutrients, plant hormone, stimulants and other beneficial substances. It is reported that foliar application of humic acid enhances the nitrogen use efficiency by crops because it is effective at ameliorating the leaf intevenal chlorosis that occurred during early growth of wheat seedlings and hence improves yield. To test this hypothesis an experiment was planned to see the effect of foliar application of humic acid on nitrogen use efficiency on grain and straw yield of wheat in split plot design with three replications at Soil Chemistrty Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2012-13. Experiment included two levels of foliar humic acid spray (H1: 0 and H2: 40 mg/L) in main plot and five levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 0, N2: 60 kg/ha, N3: 90 kg/ha, N4: 120 kg/ha, N5: 150 kg/ha nitrogen from urea) in subplots. Foliar spray of humic acid was done at two stages i.e. at tillering and at booting stage. At maturity, grain and straw yield was recorded. Interaction effect of foliar humic acid spraying and nitrogen fertilizer management on grain yield and straw yield showed statistically significant results at 5% probability level. The highest grain yield (5.02 t/ha) was obtained from use of 40 mg/L HA+ 150 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizer. Whereas N4H2 and N5H1 gave statistically similar yield i.e. 4.58 t/ha. Nitrogen use efficiency was also improved in all treatments where 40 mg/L humic acid foliar spray was used along with nitrogen fertilizer with maximum value of 68 in treatment receiving 60 kgN/ha+ 40ppm HA foliar spray.

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out under rain-fed conditions at Imla, Gambella Agricultural Research Institute in 2008 and 2009 main cropping seasons in order to compare the effects of N sources [ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and urea (CO(NH2)2)] and their time of application (½ at sowing + ½ at tillering; ⅓ at sowing + ⅓ at tillering + ⅓ at panicle initiation; ½ at sowing + ½ at panicle initiation, and ½ at tillering + ½ at panicle initiation) on growth, yield attributes and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety NERICA-3 (O. sativa x O. glaberrima), in a factorial experiment laid out in a RCBD replicated thrice. Nitrogen from each source was applied at the rate of 92 kg N ha-1, and the plots received uniform dose of 46 kg P and 20 kg K ha-1 at sowing. The results revealed that effects of year on rice days to flowering, panicle length, number of grains and grain weight panicle-1, grain yield, grain protein content (P ≤ 0.01), plant height, and straw yield (P ≤ 0.05) were only significant. The responses of rice growth and yield components and grain protein to sources of N were not significant (P > 0.05). Plant height, panicle length and grain weight panicle-1 to application time were significant (P ≤ 0.05) while the other growth and yield components and grain protein were not (P > 0.05). Only grain and straw yield significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced by interaction of N sources and application time whereas the other yield and growth components and grain protein not (P > 0.05). Effects of sources of N, interactions of year by sources of N, year by application time and year by sources of N by application time were insignificant(P > 0.05) on the rice growth, yield components and grain protein. Significantly increased rice grain yield (6.33 t ha-1) obtained with NH4NO3 applied ½ at sowing + ½ at tillering. The, results were subjected to economic analysis using the partial budget procedure to determine sources of N and application time that would give acceptable returns to farmers. Economic analysis showed that CO(NH2)2 applied ½ at sowing + ½ at panicle initiation and ½ at tillering + ½ at panicle initiation are superior and stable within a price variability range of 15%. Hence, it may be recommended for production of NERICA-3 rice under the climatic conditions prevailing in the study area.

Abstract
Foliar feeding has been used as a mean of supplying supplement doses of minor and major nutrients, plant hormone, stimulants and other beneficial substances. It is reported that foliar application of humic acid enhances the nitrogen use efficiency by crops because it is effective at ameliorating the leaf intevenal chlorosis that occurred during early growth of wheat seedlings and hence improves yield. To test this hypothesis an experiment was planned to see the effect of foliar application of humic acid on nitrogen use efficiency on grain and straw yield of wheat in split plot design with three replications at Soil Chemistrty Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2012-13. Experiment included two levels of foliar humic acid spray (H1: 0 and H2: 40 mg/L) in main plot and five levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 0, N2: 60 kg/ha, N3: 90 kg/ha, N4: 120 kg/ha, N5: 150 kg/ha nitrogen from urea) in subplots. Foliar spray of humic acid was done at two stages i.e. at tillering and at booting stage. At maturity, grain and straw yield was recorded. Interaction effect of foliar humic acid spraying and nitrogen fertilizer management on grain yield and straw yield showed statistically significant results at 5% probability level. The highest grain yield (5.02 t/ha) was obtained from use of 40 mg/L HA+ 150 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizer. Whereas N4H2 and N5H1 gave statistically similar yield i.e. 4.58 t/ha. Nitrogen use efficiency was also improved in all treatments where 40 mg/L humic acid foliar spray was used along with nitrogen fertilizer with maximum value of 68 in treatment receiving 60 kgN/ha+ 40ppm HA foliar spray.

A field experiment was carried out under rain-fed conditions at Imla, Gambella Agricultural Research Institute in 2008 and 2009 main cropping seasons in order to compare the effects of N sources [ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and urea (CO(NH2)2)] and their time of application (½ at sowing + ½ at tillering; ⅓ at sowing + ⅓ at tillering + ⅓ at panicle initiation; ½ at sowing + ½ at panicle initiation, and ½ at tillering + ½ at panicle initiation) on growth, yield attributes and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety NERICA-3 (O. sativa x O. glaberrima), in a factorial experiment laid out in a RCBD replicated thrice. Nitrogen from each source was applied at the rate of 92 kg N ha-1, and the plots received uniform dose of 46 kg P and 20 kg K ha-1 at sowing. The results revealed that effects of year on rice days to flowering, panicle length, number of grains and grain weight panicle-1, grain yield, grain protein content (P ≤ 0.01), plant height, and straw yield (P ≤ 0.05) were only significant. The responses of rice growth and yield components and grain protein to sources of N were not significant (P > 0.05). Plant height, panicle length and grain weight panicle-1 to application time were significant (P ≤ 0.05) while the other growth and yield components and grain protein were not (P > 0.05). Only grain and straw yield significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced by interaction of N sources and application time whereas the other yield and growth components and grain protein not (P > 0.05).

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out under rain-fed conditions at Imla, Gambella Agricultural Research Institute in 2008 and 2009 main cropping seasons in order to compare the effects of N sources [ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and urea (CO(NH2)2)] and their time of application (½ at sowing + ½ at tillering; ⅓ at sowing + ⅓ at tillering + ⅓ at panicle initiation; ½ at sowing + ½ at panicle initiation, and ½ at tillering + ½ at panicle initiation) on growth, yield attributes and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety NERICA-3 (O. sativa x O. glaberrima), in a factorial experiment laid out in a RCBD replicated thrice. Nitrogen from each source was applied at the rate of 92 kg N ha-1, and the plots received uniform dose of 46 kg P and 20 kg K ha-1 at sowing. The results revealed that effects of year on rice days to flowering, panicle length, number of grains and grain weight panicle-1, grain yield, grain protein content (P ≤ 0.01), plant height, and straw yield (P ≤ 0.05) were only significant. The responses of rice growth and yield components and grain protein to sources of N were not significant (P > 0.05). Plant height, panicle length and grain weight panicle-1 to application time were significant (P ≤ 0.05) while the other growth and yield components and grain protein were not (P > 0.05). Only grain and straw yield significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced by interaction of N sources and application time whereas the other yield and growth components and grain protein not (P > 0.05). Effects of sources of N, interactions of year by sources of N, year by application time and year by sources of N by application time were insignificant(P > 0.05) on the rice growth, yield components and grain protein. Significantly increased rice grain yield (6.33 t ha-1) obtained with NH4NO3 applied ½ at sowing + ½ at tillering. The, results were subjected to economic analysis using the partial budget procedure to determine sources of N and application time that would give acceptable returns to farmers. Economic analysis showed that CO(NH2)2 applied ½ at sowing + ½ at panicle initiation and ½ at tillering + ½ at panicle initiation are superior and stable within a price variability range of 15%. Hence, it may be recommended for production of NERICA-3 rice under the climatic conditions prevailing in the study area.

An experiment was carried out at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi during the kharif season to study the effect of variety, spacing and number of seedlings hill-1 on the yield potentials of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of three high yielding varieties viz. BRRI dhan32, BRRI dhan33 and BR11, four levels of spacing viz. 10cm25cm, 15cm25cm, 20cm25cm and 25cm25cm and four levels of number of seedlings hill-1 viz. 2 seedlings hill-1, 3 seedlings hill-1, 4 seedlings hill-1 and 5 seedlings hill-1. A split-split plot design was used with three replications assigning the variety on the main plot, spacing to the sub-plots and number of seedlings hill-1 to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on almost all the yield component characters and yield. All the yield components characters except number of fertile spikelets panicle-1 were highest in case of variety BR11 and hence it produced the highest grain yield (5.92 tha-1). Spacing had a significant influenced on the yield components and yield of rice. All the yield contributing characters were highest at 15cm×25cm spacing and thus it produced the highest grain yield (5.93 t ha-1). Effect of the number of seedlings hill-1 was also significant on almost all the yield enhancing characters. The highest plant height, panicle length, fertile spikelets panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight were found when 2 seedlings were transplanted hill-1 and consequently it produced the highest grain yield (5.78 t ha-1)..