Saturday, 26 July 2014

A team of astronomers using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have gone looking for water vapour in the atmospheres of three planets orbiting stars similar to the Sun – and have come up nearly dry. The three planets, HD 189733b, HD 209458b, and WASP-12b, are between 60 and 900 light-years away, and are all gas giants known as ‘hot Jupiters.’ These worlds are so hot, with temperatures between 900 to 2200 degrees Celsius, that they are ideal candidates for detecting water vapour in their atmospheres. However, the three planets have only one-tenth to one-thousandth the amount of water predicted by standard planet formation theories. The best water measurement, for the planet HD 209458b, was between 4 and 24 parts per million. The results raise new questions about how exoplanets form and highlight the challenges in searching for water on Earth-like exoplanets in the future. The findings were published Thursday (24 July) in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Tuesday, 22 July 2014

We all know the famous equation thought up by Albert Einstein, "E=mc2." It means that matter and energy are the same thing and can be converted back and forth. We see this all the time, from gasoline to atom bombs. But we only see one side of the equation: turning matter into energy. Now there is a plan to make energy into matter.

It hasn't happened yet, but Oliver Pike, the scientist who proposed the experiment, hopes that it will happen by 2015.

Although it's never been done in the lab before, the process is thought to be fairly straightforward. Scientists are going to smash together photons much like they do with particles in machines such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

The only hard part about this should be finding the right place to do it. The experiment requires two powerful lasers and vacuum conditions, but Pike says several scientists are interested in trying it out, so it shouldn't take too long to find a place.

The experiment design relies on a hohlraum, a small metal cylinder that holds hydrogen fuel in laser fusion experiments. Heating a hohlraum with a laser produces a dense field of X-ray photons inside. Pike's team estimates that passing a jet of high-energy gamma-ray photons through the laser-excited hohlraum would make enough photons collide to produce up to 100,000 pairs of electrons and positrons.

The lawsof quantummechanicsdo not allow forteleportationof objects andpeople, but it isalready possible toquantumteleportsinglephotonsandatoms.

Teleportation-is not fiction, say scientistsfrom MoscowPhysical-Technical Institute(MFTI).Inthe future we willbe able to travellong distanceswithout the useof physical forceandsimultaneouslyplacedin two places, for example:Beijingand MoscowandinSiberia and theislandsof New Zealand.

Not excludedteleportationconquestof cosmicspace.It's all aboutthephysical effects, so-called"Quantum entanglement." It is the abilityof the quantumstructuresthatare locatedat a distancefrom one another, remaining inseparable.

-Let's say youwant toteleporthumans.To do this, you do not distributeall of itsatoms. You say, I have a 20kgoxygen10 kgcarbon, a certain amount ofhydrogenand takesthe same amountat the other end. Next, yousend informationabout theircompoundsand compositionwrittenin atoms. At theother end ofthe endofyourmaterialsmake the sameperson.

In a sense, this "collection" is reminiscent ofholography-image reconstructionof three-dimensionalobjects usinga laser.The differenceis thatthis is not justa special type ofphotography,but the creationof man, so to speak, of"flesh and blood", with all thecharacteristics andcapabilities.Sciencehas not yet reachedsuch heights. Scientists have, fornow, learntoteleportaphoton.OPRAVItheyareusuallycarriers ofinformation sent. At the otherend of the thread, experts have learned tocreatethe same statemicroobject, which was locatedat the opposite end. Nowwe must learn toapply thisprinciplein more complexsystems.It'sdifficult because asthe systemgrows, itdramaticallyincreases thecomplexityof teleportation, says SergeyFilipov.

-Teloportovatitwo atoms,twiceis harder thanone, and three -eight timesharder. IfYou would liketoevaluate thedegree of complexity ofhumanteleportation, we should takeinto accountthat oneof the tento24atoms.

Scientistshave longestablished thatthe Tibetansare functioningquitenormallyat high altitudesand toeasilymove along the"roof of the world", while ordinarypeople out therefeelbad andtormented.

It was assumedthat afterthousands of yearsof geneticadaptationTibetans DNA is different,but Ibelievethat they are "Denisovans" and haveDNAdifferent from thatwhich is characteristic ofhomosapiens.

Prior toNielsentheory, American scientistsfrom the University ofUtahhave foundtengenesthat allowTibetanstosurvivewithverylow levels ofoxygenin the atmosphere.Most otherpeople, includingclimberswhoarein"topform", it is always painfulin theseconditions, andthere are oftencomplicationsin the brainandlungs.

Sunday, 6 July 2014

Imagine a star twice as massive as the Sun, compressed to the size of a city. All that matter squeezed into a sphere about 15 miles wide. Such an object is known as a neutron star. The matter of a neutron star is so dense and its gravity is so strong that atoms cannot support themselves. Instead they collapse, with the electrons being squeezed into the nuclei until what remains is a mass of neutrons. Hence the name. The exact structure of a neutron star is still a bit of a mystery. At a broad level, they are just large balls of neutrons, but they have strong gravitational and magnetic fields that can affect their structure, and then there are the neutrons themselves. How do we understand “stuff” made out of neutrons, when what we see around us are made of atoms? The key is to determine its equation of state.

Friday, 4 July 2014

When
Tesla died his entire estate and all his property was seized by the
Alien Property Custodian under the orders of the FBI - even though he
was a US citizen!

Nikola Tesla was a Serbian American
best known for his contribution to the design of the Alternating Current
(AC) electricity supply system.

He was an inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and
futurist. He was very well known as a showman and it earned him the
reputation of ‘mad scientist.’

Tesla once proclaimed that he received signals on his receiver while
doing experiments in Colorado. He believed it could have come from Mars
because they were substantially different from signals that he had
previously observed from the noise of storms and the earth.

He was highly criticized when he revealed these ‘findings’.

When Tesla died on 7 January 1943 the FBI ordered the Alien Property
Custodian to seize all his belongings even though he was a U.S. citizen.
His entire estate was taken to a warehouse under the Office of Alien
Property seal.

John G. Trump, a technical aide to the National Defense Research
Committee was asked to analyse everything belonging to Tesla in the
custody of the Office of Alien Property. After three days of thoroughly
investigating everything he released a report that concluded that there
was nothing that would be dangerous in unfriendly hands.

Tuesday, 1 July 2014

In 2009, researchers searching for
signals from the first generation of stars were surprised when their
instruments were overwhelmed by a radio signal stronger than anyone
could have expected.

Known as the 'space roar,' no one can explain where it comes from, and
the signal is six times stronger than the combined emission of all known
radio sources in the universe!

Before you grab your tin foil hat, there's no message in these radio
waves. They are waves just like the ones your radio receives to play
music, but there's no music to be heard with this "roar." The team that
discovered it described the sound as a "boom" or a "hiss" when
translated into sound.

This mysterious signal is actually preventing the team from doing what
they set out to do: find signals from the first generation of stars.

This is because the signal is just so strong that their instruments
can't pick up those much weaker signals. It's like trying to hear
someone whispering to you while an air horn is going off next to you.