Description:
Report discusses the results of an investigation to determine the effect of extreme changes in mass distribution along each of the three body axes. The effects of individual inertia moment parameters upon spin and recovery characteristics were examined.

Description:
Taus can be an important signature for Supersymmetry at the LHC. They can be produced copiously in the decays of supersymmetric particles. Measurement of their momentum and of the tau-tau invariant mass distribution, would provide detailed information regarding the masses of supersymmetric particles. It is demonstrated using full simulation that it will be possible for ATLAS to make a cut on the reconstructed tau invariant mass using information from the tracking and the electromagnetic calorimeter. The measured energy and momentum of tau's that pass this selection can then be used to infer information about the tau-tau invariant mass.

Description:
To study balancing in grinding, a simple mechanical system was examined. It was essential to study such a well-defined system, as opposed to a large, complex system such as a machining center. The use of a compact, well-defined system enabled easy quantification of the imbalance force input, its phase angle to any geometric decentering, and good understanding of the machine mode shapes. It is important to understand a simple system such as the one I examined given that imbalance is so intimately coupled to machine dynamics. It is possible to extend the results presented here to industrial machines, although that is not part of this work. In addition to the empirical testing, a simple mechanical system to look at how mode shapes, balance, and geometric error interplay to yield spindle error motion was modelled. The results of this model will be presented along with the results from a more global grinding model. The global model, presented at ASPE in November 1996, allows one to examine the effects of changing global machine parameters like stiffness and damping. This geometrically abstract, one-dimensional model will be presented to demonstrate the usefulness of an abstract approach for first-order understanding but it will not be the main focus of this thesis. 19 refs., 36 figs., 10 tables.

Description:
A better understanding of the formation of large-scale structure in the Universe is arguably the most pressing question in cosmology. The most compelling and promising theoretical paradigm, Inflation + Cold Dark Matter, holds that the density inhomogeneities that seeded the formation of structure in the Universe originated from quantum fluctuations arising during inflation and that the bulk of the dark matter exists as slowing moving elementary particles (cold dark matter) left over from the earliest, fiery moments. Large redshift surveys (such as the SDSS and 2dF) and high-resolution measurements of CBR anisotropy (to be made by the MAP and Planck Surveyor satellites) have the potential to decisively test Inflation + Cold Dark Matter and to open a window to the very early Universe and fundamental physics.

Description:
The authors discuss the dynamical implications of a measure proposed by Jim Peebles which is the cosmic mass density of material within some fixed distance of a luminous galaxy. If all the matter in the Universe were strongly correlated with galaxies, then this measure rises rapidly to the standard cosmic mass density as expressed in the parameter{Omega}. With numerical simulations they show that in both standard and low-mass CDM models only half of the mass of the Universe lies within a megaparsec or so of a galaxy of luminosity of roughly L{sub *} or brighter. The implications of this clustering property are considerable for conventional mass measures which treat galaxies as point particles. They explore two such measures, based on the Least Action Method and the Cosmic Virial Theorem. In the former case, the method is not likely to work on scales of a typical intergalaxy spacing; however, it may perform nicely in estimating the mass of an isolated set of galaxy groups or poor clusters. In the case of the Cosmic Virial Theorem, they find that having a large fraction of the mass in the Universe located at some distance from galaxies brings in potentially severe problems of bias which can introduce large uncertainties in the estimation of {Omega}.

Description:
A quantitative and time-resolved radiographic technique has been used to characterize hollow-cone gasoline sprays in the near-nozzle region. The highly penetrative nature of x-rays promises the direct measurements of dense sprays that are difficult to study by visible-light based techniques. Time-resolved x-radiography measurement enables us to map the mass distribution near the spray nozzle, even immediately adjacent to the orifice. The quantitative nature of the measurement also permits the re-construction of spray structure and the progress of the spray development. It is observed that the speed of fuel injected in the later part of the injection is higher than injected earlier and that the initial fuel speed variation caused the spray plume to be compressed in space.

Description:
The nature of the {Lambda}(1405), and its place in the baryon spectrum has remained uncertain for decades. Theoretical studies have shown that it may possess strong dynamical components which are not seen in other well-known baryons. Using the CLAS detector system in Hall B at Jefferson Lab, we have measured the photoproduction reaction {gamma} + p {yields} K{sup +} {Lambda}(1405) with high statistics and over different {Sigma}{pi} decay channels. The reconstructed invariant mass distribution (lineshape) has been measured, as well as the differential cross sections for the {Lambda}(1405), {Sigma}(1385), and {Lambda}(1520). Our analysis method is discussed and our near-final results for the {Lambda}(1405) lineshape and differential cross section are presented.

Description:
EpiPOD is a modeling system that enables local, regional, and county health departments to evaluate and refine their plans for mass distribution of antiviral and antibiotic medications and vaccines. An intuitive interface requires users to input as few or as many plan specifics as are available in order to simulate a mass treatment campaign. Behind the input interface, a system dynamics model simulates pharmaceutical supply logistics, hospital and first-responder personnel treatment, population arrival dynamics and treatment, and disease spread. When the simulation is complete, users have estimates of the number of illnesses in the population at large, the number of ill persons seeking treatment, and queuing and delays within the mass treatment system--all metrics by which the plan can be judged.

Description:
Transverse mass and rapidity distributions for charged pions, charged kaons, protons and antiprotons are reported for {radical}sNN = 200 GeV pp and Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The transverse mass distributions are rapidity independent within |y| &lt; 0.5, consistent with a boost-invariant system in this rapidity interval. Spectral shapes and relative particle yields are similar in pp and peripheral Au+Au collisions and change smoothly to central Au+Au collisions. No centrality dependence was observed in the kaon and antiproton production rates relative to the pion production rate from medium-central to central collisions. Chemical and kinetic equilibrium model fits to our data reveal strong radial flow and relatively long duration from chemical to kinetic freeze-out in central Au+Au collisions. The chemical freeze-out temperature appears to be independent of initial conditions at RHIC energies.

Description:
In recent years, multifragmentation of nuclear systems has been extensively studied, and many efforts have been made to clarify the underlying physics. However, no clear consensus exists on the mechanism for multifragmentation. Is the emission of intermediate mass fragments (IMF: 3 {le} Z {le} 20) a dynamical process (brought on by the occurrence of instabilities of one form or another) or a statistical process (i.e. the decay probabilities are proportional to a suitably defined exit channel phase space)? Historically the charge (mass) distribution has played and still plays a very important role in characterizing multifragmentation. Since this subject`s inception, the near power-law shape of the charge and mass distributions was considered an indication of criticality for the hot nuclear fluid produced in light ion and heavy ion collisions. Here, the authors have studied different aspects of the charge distributions. The implications of the experimental evidence presented here are potentially far reaching. On the one hand, the thermal features observed in the n-fragment emission probabilities for the {sup 36}Ar + {sup 197}Au reaction extend consistently to the charge distributions and strengthen the hypothesis of the important role of phase space in describing multifragmentation. On the other hand, they have investigated charge correlation functions of multi-fragment decays to search for the enhanced production of nearly equal-sized fragments predicted in several theoretical works.

Description:
We present results for the inclusive jet cross section and the dijet mass distribution. The inclusive cross section and dijet mass both exhibit significant deviations from the predictions of NLO QCD for jets with E{sub T}>200 GeV, or dijet masses > 400 GeV/c{sup 2}. We show that it is possible, within a global QCD analysis that includes the CDF inclusive jet data, to modify the gluon distribution at high x. The resulting increase in the jet cross-section predictions is 25-35%. Owing to the presence of k{sub T} smearing effects, the direct photon data does not provide as strong a constraint on the gluon distribution as previously thought. A comparison of the CDF and UA2 jet data, which have a common range in x, is plagued by theoretical and experimental uncertainties, and cannot at present confirm the CDF excess or the modified gluon distribution.

Description:
The authors calculate the rates and lepton ({ell}) invariant mass distributions for decays of the form 0{sup {minus}+} {r_arrow} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup {minus}}{gamma}, which are important radiative corrections to the purely leptonic decays 0{sup {minus}+} {r_arrow} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup {minus}}. The approach uses the loop diagrams which arise by including the two photon intermediate state and they retain the imaginary parts of the loops--a radiative extension of the unitarity bound for the process. These results are compared with those obtained using a model in which the meson couples directly to the leptons.

Description:
Weak scale supersymmetry is often said to be fine-tuned, especially if the matter content is minimal. This is not true if there is a large A term for the top squarks. We present a systematic study on fine-tuning in minimal supersymmetric theories and identify low energy spectra that do not lead to severe fine-tuning. Characteristic features of these spectra are: a large A term for the top squarks, small top squark masses, moderately large tan {beta}, and a small {mu} parameter. There are classes of theories leading to these features, which are discussed. In one class, which allows a complete elimination of fine-tuning, the Higgsinos are the lightest among all the superpartners of the standard model particles, leading to three nearly degenerate neutralino/chargino states. This gives interesting signals at the LHC--the dilepton invariant mass distribution has a very small endpoint and shows a particular shape determined by the Higgsino nature of the two lightest neutralinos. We demonstrate that these signals are indeed useful in realistic analyses by performing Monte Carlo simulations, including detector simulations and background estimations. We also present a method that allows the determination of all the relevant superparticle masses without using input from particular models, despite the limited kinematical information due to short cascades. This allows us to test various possible models, which is demonstrated in the case of a model with mixed moduli-anomaly mediation. We also give a simple derivation of special renormalization group properties associated with moduli mediated supersymmetry breaking, which are relevant in a model without fine-tuning.

Description:
This paper summarizes searches at the Fermilab Tevatron for a wide variety of signatures for physics beyond the Standard Model. These include searches for supersymmetric particles, in the two collider detectors and in one fixed target experiment. Also covered are searches for leptoquarks, dijet resonances, heavy gauge bosons, and particles from a fourth generation, as well as searches for deviations from the Standard Model predictions in dijet angular distributions, dilepton mass distributions, and trilinear gauge boson couplings.

Description:
A new experiment is being mounted at BNL to measure the anomalous magnet moment of the muon to 3 parts in 10{sup 7}. In this talk I will describe the physics issues that this precision allows us to explore, the experimental method, and an interesting new device which we will use to inject muons into our muon storage ring. The device is a 1.45T non-ferrous superconducting magnet, where all fringe field is contained by a superconducting sheet.

Description:
In the first section, the author tries to convey a sense of the variety of observational inputs that tell about the existence and the spatial distribution of dark matter in the universe. In the second section, he briefly reviews the four main dark matter candidates, taking note of each candidate`s status in the world of particle physics, its production in the early universe, its effect upon large scale structure formation and the means by which it may be detected. Section 3 concerns the energy spectrum of (cold) dark matter particles on earth as may be observed some day in a direct detection experiment. It is a brief account of work done in collaboration with J. Ipser and, more recently, with I. Tkachev and Y. Wang.

Description:
We present the results of the Gemini Deep Planet Survey, a near-infrared adaptive optics search for giant planets and brown dwarfs around nearby young stars. The observations were obtained with the Altair adaptive optics system at the Gemini North telescope and angular differential imaging was used to suppress the speckle noise of the central star. Detection limits for the 85 stars observed are presented, along with a list of all faint point sources detected around them. Typically, the observations are sensitive to angular separations beyond 0.5-inch with 5{sigma} contrast sensitivities in magnitude difference at 1.6 {micro}m of 9.6 at 0.5-inch, 12.9 at 1-inch, 15 at 2-inch, and 16.6 at 5-inch. For the typical target of the survey, a 100 Myr old K0 star located 22 pc from the Sun, the observations are sensitive enough to detect planets more massive than 2 M{sub Jup} with a projected separation in the range 40-200 AU. Depending on the age, spectral type, and distance of the target stars, the minimum mass that could be detected with our observations can be {approx}1 M{sub Jup}. Second epoch observations of 48 stars with candidates (out of 54) have confirmed that all candidates are unrelated background stars. A detailed statistical analysis of the survey results, which provide upper limits on the fractions of stars with giant planet or low mass brown dwarf companions, is presented. Assuming a planet mass distribution dn/dm {proportional_to} m{sup -1.2} and a semi-major axis distribution dn/da {proportional_to} a{sup -1}, the upper limits on the fraction of stars with at least one planet of mass 0.5-13 M{sub Jup} are 0.29 for the range 10-25 AU, 0.13 for 25-50 AU, and 0.09 for 50-250 AU, with a 95% confidence level; this result is weakly dependent on the semi-major axis distribution power-law index. Without making any assumption ...

Description:
In this project, we parameterize the shape and magnitude of the temperature and density profiles on JET and the temperature profiles on TFTR. The key control variables for the profiles were tabulated and the response functions were estimated. A sophisticated statistical analysis code was developed to fit the plasma profiles. Our analysis indicate that the JET density shape depends primarily on {bar n}/B{sub t} for Ohmic heating, {bar n} for L-mode and I{sub p} for H-mode. The temperature profiles for JET are mainly determined by q{sub 95} for the case of Ohmic heating, and by B{sub t} and P/{bar n} for the L-mode. For the H-mode the shape depends on the type of auxiliary heating, Z{sub eff}, N{bar n}, q{sub 95}, and P.

Description:
Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a method to extract the principal components (or modes) of response from recorded or computed response data, of systems exhibiting linear and/or nonlinear response. For linear systems, the PCA mode shapes coincide with the elastic mode shapes, if the nodal mass is uniformly distributed. For nonuniform mass distributions, the PCA modes are related to the elastic modes. The PCA technique is particularly valuable when applied to systems responding nonlinearly, because it identifies the 'predominant mode' of response and the degree to which the response is in this mode. This paper illustrates the use of the PCA technique for estimating floor and interstory drifts for a 12-story moment-resistant frame responding to earthquake ground motions. Linear and nonlinear responses are considered, and the observed mode shapes and the accuracy of drift estimates are discussed. The interaction of modal amplitudes in time is considered in detail. The peak roof drift and interstory drifts are expressed as linear combinations of the PCA modes, and are represented graphically, together with the observed interaction response. A technique is described to determine peak values of these quantities by maximizing the drift functions relative to the observed modal interactions.

Description:
A brief review of the experimental situation concerning the electrically charged charmoniumlike meson candidates, Z{sup -}, is presented. The Belle Collaboration reported peaks in the {psi}{prime}{pi}{sup -} and {chi}{sub c1}{pi}{sup -} invariant mass distributions in B {yields} {psi}{prime}{pi}{sup -}K and B {yields} {chi}{sub c1}{pi}{sup -}K, respectively. If these peaks are meson resonances, they would have a minimal quark substructure of c{bar c}d{bar u} and be unmistakeably exotic. However, even though the Belle signals have more than 5{sigma} statistical significance, the experimental situation remains uncertain in that none of these peaks have yet been confirmed by other experiments. An analysis by the BABAR Collaboration of B {yields} {psi}{prime}{pi}{sup -}K neither confirms nor contradicts the Belle claim for the Z(4430){sup -} {yields} {psi}{prime}{pi}{sup -}. In the BABAR analysis, B {yields} J/{psi}{pi}{sup -}K decays were also studied, and no evidence for Z(4430){sup -} {yields} J/{psi}{pi}{sup -} was found. In this paper, we review and compare Belle and BABAR results on searches for charged charmonium-like states.

Description:
We use deep and wide near infrared (NIR) imaging from the Palomar telescope combined with DEEP2 spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Chandra Space Telescope imaging to investigate the nature of galaxies that are red in NIR colors. We locate these 'distant red galaxies' (DRGs) through the color cut (J - K){sub vega} &gt; 2.3 over 0.7 deg{sup 2}, where we find 1010 DRG candidates down to K{sub s} = 20.5. We combine 95 high quality spectroscopic redshifts with photometric redshifts from BRIJK photometry to determine the redshift and stellar mass distributions for these systems, and morphological/structural and X-ray properties for 107 DRGs in the Extended Groth Strip. We find that many bright (J - K){sub vega} &gt; 2.3 galaxies with K{sub s} &lt; 20.5 are at redshifts z &lt; 2, with 64% between 1 &lt; z &lt; 2. The stellar mass distributions for these galaxies is broad, ranging from 10{sup 9} - 10{sup 12} M{sub {circle_dot}} , but with most z &gt; 2 systems massive with M{sub *} &gt; 10{sup 11} M{sub {circle_dot}}. HST imaging shows that the structural properties and morphologies of DRGs are also diverse, with the majority elliptical/compact (57%), and the remainder edge-on spirals (7%), and peculiar galaxies (29%). The DRGs at z &lt; 1.4 with high quality spectroscopic redshifts are generally compact, with small half-light radii, and span a range in rest-frame optical properties. The spectral energy distributions for these objects differ from higher redshift DRGs: they are bluer by one magnitude in observed (I - J) color. A pure IR color selection of high redshift populations is not sufficient to identify unique populations, and other colors, or spectroscopic redshifts are needed to produce homogeneous samples.

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