Exhibit 3.3 presents the results for the Digital Resource Shortages scale, with the questions comprising the scale provided in “About the Scale.” Countries are ordered according to the percentage of students (from most to least) in schools Not Affected by resource shortages, from a high of 57 to a low of 9 percent. On average, 33 percent of the ePIRLS students attended well-resourced schools and they had the highest average achievement (548). Sixty percent of the students were in schools Somewhat Affected by resource shortages and 7 percent in schools Affected A Lot. For ePIRLS, average reading achievement for these two groups was similar, 536 and 539.