Establishing direct connection between two
remote wireless clientsAuthor:B. Almasi - University of Debrecen/Faculty of Informatics, Debrecen, Hungary Abstract: Wireless clients are usually placed into private
address realm (private network) in the Internet. The clients
in the private address realm are able to communicate to
each other in the same private network, and using special
boxes (NAT boxes) the clients can also communicate to the
public internet. This solution "hides" the wireless clients
from the outside public internet world: they are
unreachable from the outside world, or from other private
networks.
In special situations the requirement of the direct
connection between two wireless clients (located in different
private networks) may occur. One widely used solution for
this kind of problem is the special configuration of the NAT
boxes (called "port forwarding"), but also there are many
cases, where the NAT box configuration is not allowed (e.g.
the applied security policy does not allow it).
In this paper we would like to introduce a software based
solution for the mentioned situation: The solution (named
UDPTUN) establishes a direct tunnel connection between
two clients located in different private networks (without
changing or touching the configuration of the NAT boxes).

Hardware Controllers for Data Acquisition with
Usage in FPGA Implementation of Control
SystemsAuthor:, B. Alecsa and A. Onea
Automatic Control and Applied Informatics Department, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Iasi, RomaniaAbstract: This paper presents a method to design
hardware interfaces for serial analog to digital (ADC) and
digital to analog converters (DAC). Also, an architecture for
hardware implementation of control systems based on these
interfaces and handshake signals is proposed. The described
hardware was implemented inside a Spartan-3E FPGA
device, and a control system based on the deadbeat
algorithm was implemented as a case study. The algorithm
was applied to control the speed of a direct current (DC)
motor. Simulation of the algorithm and experimental results
prove the effectiveness of the hardware implementation.
The main contribution is the method for design of control
hardware implemented in FPGA, using high abstraction
level software tools.

The theoretical and experimental study of claw
pole alternatorsAuthor: Cristian BARZ, Department Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
North University of Baia Mare, cristian.barz@ubm.ro,Constantin OPREA,
Department Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
North University of Baia Mare.Abstract: In spite of the large amount of papers covering
topics related to wireless sensor networks, a comprehensive
overview of hardware platforms used to implement the
network nodes is missing. There are several papers
presenting particular approaches to implement wireless
sensor nodes, there are also a few papers giving a brief
presentation of hardware platform evolution in the last
decade. This paper gives a survey of available hardware
platforms, overviews their sensing, computing and
communicating capabilities and focuses on the devices used
to implement these platforms.

An Overview of Hardware Platforms Used In
Wireless Sensor NodesAuthor:Attila Buchman,
University of Debrecen, Faculty of Informatics, Department of Informatics Systems and Networks, Debrecen, HungaryAbstract: This paper presents a distributed control scheme
for microgrids operation, modeled as multi-agent system and
distributed constraint optimization problem. The case study and
algorithm present how the local decisions and the communications
ability of the agents may provide solutions in the optimal
and effective control of the microgrids.

The Study of Transient Regimes for a Shell-Type
TransformerAuthor:
O. Chiver, L. Neamt, M. Horgos, S. Oniga and A. Buchman,
North University of Baia Mare/ Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computers Engineering, Baia Mare, RomaniaAbstract: The transient no-load regime and transient
sudden short-circuit regime, of a small power shell-type
transformer, will be studied in this paper. Will be
determined the current variation in the primary circuit
both analytically and by numerical analysis based on finite
elements method (FEM). The software used for study is
MagNet, developed by the Infolytica Company.

Hardware Support for Fine-Grain
Multi-Threading in LEON3Author:M. Danek, L. Kafka, L. Kohout, J. Sykora,
U TIA AV C R, v.v.i., Signal Processing, Pod Voda renskou ve z i 4, Praha 8, 182 08, Czech RepublicAbstract:The article describes instruction set extensions
for a variant of multi-threading called micro-threading
for the LEON3 SPARCv8 processor. An architecture of
the developed processor ispresented and its key blocks
described - cache controller, register file, thread scheduler.
The processor has been implemented in a Xilinx Virtex2Pro
and Virtex5 FPGAs. The extensions are evaluated in terms of
extra resources needed, and the overall performance of the
developed processor is shown for a simple DSP computation
typical for embedded systems.

Self-learning Semantic-distance-based Answering
System with Automatic Morpheme RecognitionAuthor: L. Dudas,
Department of Information Engineering, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, HungaryAbstract:At the beginning of the 21st century humanity has
accumulated a very large amount of static data and facts.
The problem is to make it active, to produce knowledge.
One of the keys to this is restructuring, representing data in
a new way. The emphasis is on the dynamic associations
between data elements. Instead of storing distinct atoms of
knowledge the goal is to build up a network of facts and
methods that mirrors the relations found among them in the
world, moreover in the human brain. One of the difficult
tasks in this endeavor is to capture the meaning. The most
feasible knowledge representation method for this purpose
is the semantic network. This powerful technique has its
new Renaissance in our days. This article offers a new
definition of the meaning of a sentence for a human and
presents a simple technique for searching for sentences
having meanings close to the meaning of a given sentence. In
some languages the morpheme structure of words plays a
particularly important role in this process. This paper
presents an automatic morpheme learning technique
integrated in the answering system, using the Hungarian
language as an example.
Keywords: NLP, self-learning, semantic distance, answering
system, meaning, morpheme recognition.

On the Statistical Analysis of Wireless Sensor vs.
Wired Data Network TrafficsAuthor: Z. Gal, Service Center for Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, Gy. Terdik, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Abstract:Not only the infrastructure of Wireless Sensor
Network (WSNs) and classical wired IP data networks are
very different but the statistical characteristics of data flows
transferred on these environments have technology specific
features, too. Based on the dynamic evolution in the last
years WSNs became important elements of the small
physical sizednetwork architecturesand are included as
basic components in the Internet of Things (IoT) new
concept. The challenge to transmit packets on optimum
wireless path with minimum energy consumption affects all
layer (physical, data link, network, transport, application)
services of the WSN protocol stack. Wireless IP data
technologies like GSM/UMTS/WiFi/WiMAX are utilized
with success in WAN/MAN networks in contrast with WSN,
which is usable only for small distances and reduced
transfer capacity of bytes. Because of the energy
consumption minimization the channel access mechanism
should be simple as much as possible. Classical IP traffics in
LAN/WAN environment do not confront with consequences
of the energy constraints. The MAC algorithms are much
more sophisticated than for WSNs. The difference in the
layer functions implies difference in the traffic
characteristics of this two network types. In this paper WSN
and IP WAN/MAN data flows are analyzed as time series.
Thesensor data flows were collected with TinyDB tools at
the Intel Berkeley Research lab in 2004. The high speed IP
data flows are available from public database of TIER
links1. These significantly different types of data flowsare
investigated based on Levy flights modeling. Long range
dependence, self-similarity aspects of the inter-arrival time
and the epoch ID time series are studied with sophisticated
statistical analysis methods.

Handling Event-Driven Scenarios in CPS
Application SimulationsAuthor:Madalin Gavrilescu, Gabriela Magureanu, Dan Pescaru and Ionel Jian,
Politehnica University of Timisoara, RomaniaAbstract:The development process of the embedded
distributed applications raises specific issues which concern
the academic research. One of them refers to the need of
performing simulations as realistic as possible for the whole
embedded system before deploying the application on the
hardware devices. This approach enables error detection in
early stages of development and predicts the network's
behavior. In this case event-driven simulators are preferred
over other types of simulators. This paper proposes an
XML-based event-driven model specification of the
distributed network, allowing the developer to describe
specific simulation scenarios for the distributed application.
It also proposes a reusable event oriented programming
model for handling such event-driven scenarios
independently of a specific simulation environment. The
presented approach contributes to the reduction of the
number of lines of code required for implementing a
distributed application, by an average of 20% compared to
the application implementation from scratch. In special
situations the improvement can reach up to 45% compared
to the classic simulation development process, depending on
the application goals.

Pseudo Random Number Generation on FPGAAuthor: Tamas Herendi,
University of Debrecen/Faculty of Informatics, Debrecen, Hungary.Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to show the
theoretical background of the construction of uniformly
distributed (UD) pseudo random number (PRN) sequences
with good properties and efficient implementation on
FPGA.

Hardware Assisted IEEE 1588 Clock
Synchronization for Linux Based Network
Embedded SystemsAuthor:Tamas Kovacshazy, Blint Ferencz, Budapest University of Technology and Economics,
Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest HungaryAbstract: The paper introduces the IEEE 1588 Clock
Synchronization technology primarily developed for
Ethernet based Network Embedded Systems and presents a
hardware assisted PTP implementation for the Linux
operating system (kernel version of 2.6.30 or later) on the
x86 architecture. Our software is based on the standard
PTPd available for UNIX like operating systems offering
only software time stamping. The modified software uses the
Linux standard SO_TIMESTAMPING socket option to
communicate with the Ethernet Network Interface
Controller driver, so it is supposed to work with any other
Ethernet Interface Controllers with proper driver support.
Our test system utilizes selected Gigabit Ethernet Interface
Controllers supporting hardware time stamping donated by
Intel. The initial results show that clock accuracy (masterslave
clock difference) less than one microsecond is
achievable with our software even in the case of high
network traffic and slave node (a node that synchronizes its
clock to a master clock) load in standard Linux. The paper
also investigates how the coefficients of the clock servo
influence initial time convergence and tracking behavior in
case of disturbance such as changing network traffic and
slave node load.

Intelligent thermometer with speech function
implemented in FPGAAuthor:C. Lung ,North University of Baia Mare/Electronic and Computer Engineering, Baia Mare, RomaniaAbstract:This paper presents the design of an embedded
system for the assistance of persons with handicaps,
implemented into the Spartan 3E Starter Board. The unit is
defined in VHDL, and it targets a Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGA.
Some of the modules are generic and can be easily reused
without changes in other designs. The circuit was designed on a
Windows XP PC using Xilinx ISE12.3 CAD tool.
The main goal of this project is to implement a embedded
system, which is able to control wireless ZigBee networks, read
temperature from remote sensors and say this value using
digital speech synthesizer implemented in FPGA.

Energy Monitoring of Mobile Voice
CommunicationsAuthor:M. Marcu, and C. Milos, "Politehnica" University of Timisoara/ Faculty of Automation and Computers,
Timisoara, RomaniaAbstract:Voice communication remains one of the main
functions of mobile devices even though new features and
applications are available. Currently there are a lot of voice
communications technologies running on different types of
mobile devices. The multitude and complexity of devices
that implement a large spectrum of multimedia and wireless
communication protocols require closer evaluation and
understanding in respect to their energy efficiency. In this
work we tried to identify, model and estimate the energy
consumption of voice communications on mobile devices.
We used TAPI (Telephony API) to identify ongoing and
incoming calls and next to estimate their energy
consumption.

Design and Analysis of FSO Systems Using the
Software Package "FSO System Simulator (FSO
SystSim)" - Statistical ModelAuthor:P. Misencik, J. Turan , L. Ovsenik, Department of Electronics and Multimedia Communications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics,
University of Technology Kosice, Leta 9, 042 00 KosiceAbstract:- This paper deals with the modeling of Free Space
Optics (FSO) communication links using the software
package "FSO SystSim", which was designed and
implemented at KEMT FEI TUKE. Simulation of FSO
communications links is of great importance in designing
and understanding the context of such connection,
depending on various parameters, both technical and
constantly changing atmospheric parameters of the
transmission optical channel. Paper briefly describes the
statistical model used in this programming tool, and
describes experiments carried out by the FSO SystSim.

Design and Analysis of FSO Systems Using the
Software Package "FSO System Simulator (FSO
SystSim)" - Steady ModelAuthor: P. Misencik, J. Turan and L. Ovsenik Department of Electronics and Multimedia Communications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics,
University of Technology Kosice, park Komenskeho 13, 042 00 KosiceAbstract:This paper describes a software package FSO
System Simulator (FSO SystSim) which was designed and
implemented at KEMT FEI TUKE. Simulation of FSO
communication link is of great importance in designing and
understanding the context of such connection depending on
various parameters (technical and constantly changing
atmospheric parameters of the transmission optical
channel). Paper briefly describes the static model used in
this programming package and describes experiments
carried out by the FSO SystSim.

Corrected Simple Solar Irradiance Model for
Mono-Si Photovoltaic Potential EstimationAuthor: L. Neamt, North University /Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Baia Mare, Romania, Mirela Coman, North University /Department of Preparation, Geology and Environmental Engineering, Baia Mare, Romania.Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) systems are important
alternative for fossil fuel resources conversion. The
minimum environmental impact, maintenance, the
availability of solar energy, and the technological level
achieved are some advantages of conversion from solar to
electrical energy. Calculation of PV potential is, these days,
mainly tributary to solar maps or databases. A simplified
model, with general application and having a comparable
accuracy with above mentioned methods, is a useful tool for
designers. The input data for corrected method are the
geographical parameters of the site and the temperatures
recorded by meteorological stations; the solar radiation data
are not needed (these data are not usual data recorded by
meteorological stations). At the end of the work the PV
potential for Baia Mare City was determined using
temperature data recorded by North University
Meteorological Station..

Hardware Implemented Neural Networks used for
Hand Gestures RecognitionAuthor:S. Oniga, University of Debrecen/Informatics Systems and Networks, Debrecen, Hungary, oniga.istvan@inf.unideb.hu, I.Orha, North University of Baia Mare/Electronic and Computer Engineering, Baia Mare, Romania, ioan.orha@ubm.roAbstract: This paper presents hardware implementation of
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) that are used for human
hand's natural gestures recognition. Main goal of this
project is to implement a recognition system that recognizes
data gathered from various sensors placed on a bracelet.
This easy to use interface can be used even by elderly or
impaired people to control electronic/electric devices only
with hand gestures.

Alternative control method of the smart house:
natural gesturesAuthor: Stefan Oniga, Osan Anca Roxana, Alexan Alexandru Iulian, North University of Baia Mare, RomaniaAbstract: - Due to the rapid increase of house automation use
it is clear that alternative methods of control are needed.
This paper presents a control method based on the person's
gestures that allows a high degree of control especially on
devices that have binary states (on/off). The gesture based
interface is suitable for the control of the smart house
because it offers a simple yet powerful control mechanism
that is appropriate even for children, elderly persons and
persons with disabilities due to the intuitive interface. In
order to test the functionality of this control method, a
smart house control system has been implemented. A
bracelet has been implemented using the C language into an
Atmega168 microcontroller based board. This bracelet is
capable of sensing hand movements, and with the help of a
location identification system, even the person's location.
The main control system has been implemented using
VHDL into a Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGA and it is capable of
domestic device control and GUI display.

On the Energy Constraint in Wireless Sensor
NetworksAuthor:M. Popa, G. Girban
Politehnica University/Faculty of Automation and Computers, Timisoara, RomaniaAbstract:- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is one of the
most promising technologies in our days. They can be found
in a wide area of applications from domestic to military
ones. A WSN is made by a number of tiny battery powered
sensor nodes, having sensing, processing and
communicating possibilities. In most cases the replacement
or replenishment of the batteries is difficult or impossible, so
the energy is the main constraint in designing and
maintaining WSNs. This paper presents an overview and
taxonomy of the solutions for the energy constraint. They
are divided in solutions for energy conservation and for
energy replenishment. Next, the solutions are grouped in
node level and network level. A section is foreseen for
describing the authors' approach. It consists in software
power consumption monitoring, at node level, during
network employment. This information can be used for
energy efficient communication and for strategies for
conserving the energy at the node level.

Effect of Internet on SocietiesAuthor: Ali A. Sakr, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrel-Sheikh University, Egypt,ali_asakr@yahoo.comAbstract:The Internet affects the behavior of the young
generations, it causes a mixture of virtual publicity, amentia
and idiopathy. Internet addicts suffer some radiation defects
due to their long sessions, this may result in blood
ionization, leukemia or eye cataract. The paper presents a
statistical study on health engineering concerning the effects
of Internet on the Arab Society. It presents also some guides
for a better Internet use.

Investigating the Precision of the TSC-based
Packet TimestampingAuthor: Tamas Skopko, Peter Orosz,
University of Debrecen/Faculty of Informatics, Debrecen, HungaryAbstract: With the emergence of gigabit per second and
higher bandwidth networks, software based packet
capturing faced severe performance challenges in two areas:
lossless packet acquisition at high arrival rate and high
precision timestamping. Many research projects proposed
hardware based network monitoring solutions in order to
eliminate these performance bottlenecks. In contrast, the
common microsecond resolution software based packet
processing has not been enhanced to meet the measurement
requirements of high performance networks. In a previous
paper, we already proposed an alternative packet capturing
solution that is based on the libpcap library and supports 10-9 second resolution timestamping. We are now evaluating
the performance of the proposed solution in practice.
Experimental evidence shows that our approach represents
the inter-arrival times of the incoming packets with a higher
precision since the measured time values are generated with
a lower overhead and stored in the native resolution.

Holistic modelling of a combined Photovoltaic, Wind
and Fuel Cell power systemAuthor: A. Tisan, M. Cirstea,
Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UKAbstract:The research work presented in this paper is focused on
the holistic modelling of a combined Photovoltaic (PV), Wind and
Fuel Cell, (FC) power system. The modelling approach is based on
the Handel C programming language and is using the DK5
modelling / design environment from Mentor Graphics. The aim of
the research was to achieve a combined model of a photovoltaic -
wind-fuel cell energy system, enabling an holistically optimized
digital control system design, followed by its rapid Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) prototyping. Initially, the
functional simulations of the integrated system were performed,
than, the controller design was downloaded in hardware onto a
RC10 development board containing a Xilinx Spartan FPGA and
was successfully tested experimentally. This approach enables the
design and fast hardware implementation of efficient controllers
for Distributed Energy Resource (DER) hybrid systems.

Inverse Mojette Transform Implementation and
the MTToolAuthor: Vasarhelyi Jozsef,University of Miskolc/Department of Automation and Communication Technology, Miskolc, Hungary, Turan Jan, University of Kosice, Department of Electronics and Multimedia Communications, 041 20 Kosice, Slovak Republic, Szoboszlai Peter, Magyar Telekom Plc., Budapest, HungaryAbstract:The Mojette Transform (MOT) is originated
from France introduced by J-P. Guedon. There are several
different variations of MOT applications nowadays which
are used in different areas such as tomography, internet
distributed data bases, encoding, multimedia error
correction, or The Mojette Transform Tool (MTTool) which
was created for testing purposes, etc. This paper presents
the some aspects of the MTTool and IMOT implementation
The logic circuitry of the IMOT compared with the MOT
shows that the reconstruction process is more complicated.
The MOT and IMOT hardware implementations are based
on the sliding window method and the stepping window
method.

The impact of servers breakdown on the
performance of proxy cache serversAuthor: Tamas Berczes, Janos Sztrik, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Hungary, Attila Hazy, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Miskolc, Hungary.Abstract: An open Jackson-type queuing network model is proposed
to study the impact of the servers breakdown on
the overall response times toWeb requests. The primary
aim of the present paper is to modify the performance
model of the Proxy Cache Server to a more realistic case
when both the Proxy Cache Server and the Web server
are unreliable. The main performance and reliability
measures are derived, and some numerical calculations
are carried out by the help of the MOSEL tool. The numerical
results are graphically displayed to illustrate the
effect of the non-reliability of the servers on the mean response
time.