bacteremia and endocarditis, distinguished by having a cell wall carbohydrate composed of glycerol teichoic acid

bile solubility

strep pneumo is soluble, strep viridans is not

pyrrolidinyl arylamidase positive

group D and group A strep

CAMP test positive

group B

nerve in tonsillar fossa

glossopharyngeal nerve

aldesleukin

recombinant IL2

levamisole

enhances cell mediated immunity and is used in concert with 5FU in colorectal cancer

palivizumab

mAb against fusion protein of RSV

formation of the pancreas

ventral pancreatic bud normally rotates around duodenum to fuse with dorsal bud - form from the second part of duodenum, normally around the right side

annular pancreas formation

ventral bud rotating around the right and left sides of the second part of the duodenum

sole LDL elevation

type 2a

sole chylomicron elevation

type 1

increased LDL and TG and VLDL

type 2b

increased TG and chylomicron rem

type 3

increased TG and VLDL and chylo

type 5

peak suystolic pressure of ventricles vs aorta

2-3 mmhg higher in the ventricles

NE and Epi

NE is precursor

tyrosine stuff

tyrosine to thyroxine and dopa, dopa to melanin and dopamine

sibutramine

MAOI that also blocks serotonin and NE reuptake that increases energy expenditure and decreases appetite

embryology of syringomyelia

progressive vacitation of the central canal of the spinal cord

common variable immunodeficiency

caused by abnormal B-cell differentiation, decreased numbers of plasma cells and low Ig from all classes; distinguished from agammaglobulinemia (Bruton) by the normal numbers of B cells in the blood and lymphoid organs, in Bruton B cell maturation stops after rearrangment of heavy chains so b cells in the bloodstream are lower

irinotecan

topo I inhibitor, inhibits acetylcholinesterase --> diarrhea, also see neutropenia

gemcitabine

pyrimidine analog for first line therapy with pancreatic ovarian dna NSCLC

dupuytren contracture

contracture of palmar fascia caused by interraction of myofibroblasts with collagen fibrils of the fascia; myofibroblsts play a role in the wound healing process

locked in syndrome

completely awake and cognitavely intact with no abnormality of consciousness, they are unable to move extremeties and most of face, limited to vertical eye movements or blinking, large lesions of brainstem particularly base of pons such as with thrombotic stroke to basilar artery

genetic allotypes markers on Ig molecules

can be helpful in paternity cases Ig1 Ig2 Ig3 heavy chains,

idiotypes

response to specific antigens

low T3 syndrome

"euthyroid sick syndrome" occurs with systemic illnesses or problems, characterised by decreased in 5'-monodeiodinase activity in peripheral tissues leading to decreased T4-->T3 conversion, also see increased rT3 since 5'-monoiodo converts rT3 to inactive 3.3'-diiodothyronine

congenital absence of growth hormone receptors, since growth hormone binding protein is the extracellular portion of the receptor, see low levels of GHBP, get low concentration of IGF-1 because there are no GH receptors on hepatocytes

nystatin mechanism of action

like amphotericin B, to punch holes in the membrane

terbinafine MOA

blocks ergosterol synthesis

flucytosine MOA

interferes with thymidylate synthetase

inulin measures

extracellular fluid volume

interstitial volume equals

ECF volume - plasma volume

marker of primitive lymphocytic cells

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) the enzyme that is active during VDJ rearrangement of the heavy chain