List of Polish monarchs

This article is about the historical monarchs of Poland, from the Middle Ages to 1795. For presidents and other heads of state of Poland, during the 20th and 21st centuries, see List of heads of state of Poland.

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th–18th centuries).

Son of Sigismund I and Bona SforzaAlso Grand Duke of LithuaniaReplaced the personal union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a real union and an elective monarchy (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) in 1569

^Jadwiga was crowned King of Poland — Hedvig Rex Poloniæ, not Hedvig Regina Poloniæ. Polish law had no provision for a female ruler (queen regnant), but did not specify that the monarch had to be male. The masculine gender of her title was also meant to emphasize that she was monarch in her own right, not a queen consort.