Machine in the Classroom—New tech tools engage young scientists :: Teaching with new technology may involve a microscope app for an iPad or an affordable circuit board for a budding engineer. School children have some exciting new tools with which to conduct experiments and explore their worlds, but now teachers have to decide how to use them. by Larry Clark ’94

:: New & Noteworthy:Kierkegaard for the Church: Essays and Sermons by Ronald F. Marshall ’71; The Whiskey Creek Water Company by Jan Walker ’60; Into the Storm: Journeys with Alzheimer’s edited by Collin Tong; Teeing Up for Success Cheri Brennan ’72, contributor; So This Is Christmas by Jim Devitt ’86

On the cover: Milky Way galaxy over Mount Rainier from Sunrise Point—meteorites show up as streaks of light. This image was a winner in Smithsonian magazine’s 10th annual photo contest. Photo by Dave Morrow. See the entire image.

Growing up in a state that fosters belonging

Do you remember the Wheedle on the Needle? Or watching Bill Nye the Science Guy?

Did J.P. Patches wish you happy birthday through his cardboard TV?

Maybe you hiked in a rain poncho. Or busted a mutton. Or learned to ski in the sleet at Snoqualmie or on the waters of Moses Lake. In spite of the cold, you swam at Nat Park, in the Sound, or Lake Roosevelt, or Lake Chelan?

Do the words Orkila, Kiahanee, Seymore, or Na-Bor-Lee conjure up memories of shouted songs around campfires?

Then you grew up in Washington.

Consider yourself lucky. Wild, storied, and wonderful, our state is a great place to grow up. Our abundance of natural resources, our great cultural offerings, and our remarkable capital of teachers and volunteers make Washington the perfect place to explore and play.

PLACES TO PLAY

Alex is the second to arrive at the Child Development Program classroom on the Pullman campus. The five-year-old doffs his coat, washes his hands, and beelines to the building blocks.

â€śIâ€™m going to build an airport. Will you help me?â€ť he asks WSU student Erin Flanagan. She sits on the floor with him and as they line up the blocks, she adds to the game with questions like â€śHow long will the runway be?â€ť and â€śWhat will land here?â€ť

Meanwhile, three-year-old Sam, the first arrival, is up to his elbows
in a sand table that has been seeded with little plastic dinosaurs.
Clementine soon strides through in pink boots, her ponytail swinging as she hunts down a book on shapes. Three other children have moved into a play area beneath a â€śDoctorâ€™s Officeâ€ť sign and put stethoscopes around their necks to examine WSU student Ashana Hitchens.

â€śThis is free choice time,â€ť explains Adair Lawrence, director of the center. â€śThe children are making choices about what to explore and play.â€ť

Using the fundamentals of child development as defined by Jean Piaget, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and Lev Vygotsky, the student teachers are exploring their chargesâ€™ social interactions. Theyâ€™re watching the three- to five-year-olds self-direct their learning and discovery. And, most importantly, theyâ€™re helping them play.

â€śAt this age,â€ť says Lawrence as Clementine zooms by again, â€śitâ€™s all play.â€ť

Play is vital to the developmental process, says Brenda Boyd, associate professor of human development who oversees the student teachers at WSUâ€™s 70-year-old teaching classroom. â€śItâ€™s really the quintessential venue.â€ť The child could be building and guarding a fort in the woods, acting the superhero and chasing villains across the playground, or galloping a herd of horses through a park. â€śAll these activities help you develop your social and emotional aspects,â€ť she says. â€śAnd cognitiveâ€”youâ€™re out there thinking creatively.â€ť

Play starts with the infant and toddlerâ€™s early explorations, evolves into pretending, and then becomes games with rules in middle childhood. Children today, particularly in certain environments and certain neighborhoods, may not have the time or ability to play freely, says Boyd. Joining teams or having structured play dates doesnâ€™t fill the bill, either. They need time outside.

â€śI like to believe life in the Palouse is great for kids,â€ť says Boyd, reflecting on where her own children liked to play. â€śHere they have the chance to be outside on their own and do what they do.â€ť

The WSU child development program is a window into what has become a statewide governmental emphasis on early childhood, that time from infancy until school.

â€śOur state recognizes that early childhood is a critical period in terms of brain development and it cannot later be replicated,â€ť says Jane Lanigan, an associate professor at WSU Vancouver. Besides needing good health care and optimal nutrition, children at this stage need a variety of learning experiences and physical activity.

â€śWashington even has its own Department of Early Learning,â€ť she says. The state agency looks to prepare parents and child care providers as those first teachers. The director serves on the governorâ€™s executive cabinet.

Whatâ€™s more, Washington was one of the first states to win a federal Race to the Top Early Learning Challenge grant, $60 million over four years from the U.S. Department of Education and Health and Human Services to improve early learning settings. The practices of interactive play and the efforts to develop the mind and motor skills that take place in the classroom in Pullman are being used throughout the state in child care and Head Start through a program called Early Achievers.

Using the federal grant, Washington is taking its research-based program for rating and improving early learning settings statewide. â€śItâ€™s a big deal that we got that money,â€ť says Boyd, explaining that it will go far in improving the quality of life for our youngest citizens.

A big component of the program is ensuring that the children have plenty of free play and time outdoors. That does several things for children, says Lanigan. â€śIt gives a connection to nature, it allows them to develop their gross motor skills ... and the physical activity allows them to explore what their bodies are capable of.â€ť

Recently, Laniganâ€™s research on healthy activity and eating in child care settings was used in expanding First Lady Michelle Obamaâ€™s Letâ€™s Move campaign beyond its initial focus of school-aged children to include preschoolers and younger. Weâ€™re only now recognizing that â€śhabits are formed in early childhood around being active or being sedentary,â€ť says Lanigan. â€śAnd eating tends to carry through until middle childhood.â€ť The challenge is that the age group, which isnâ€™t yet in school, is much more difficult to reach, she says. That is why efforts like our stateâ€™s early learning emphasis are so important.

NATURE IS THE BEST TEACHER

Camp Long â€“ Seattle. Courtesy Seattle.gov

Beyond offering our youngest citizens a good start, Washington is striving to cover the full span
of childhood. Scott VanderWey, WSUâ€™s director of Adventure Education for 4-H oversees programs to get grade school- to high school-aged Washingtonians
outside.

Washington has three national parks and 117 state parks. People here grow up riding bicycles, climbing trees and mountains, canoeing, rafting, skiing, swimming, and sailing. Recognizing this, cities and counties throughout the state have, through their parks, programming, and funding, made great efforts to get Washingtonâ€™s children outside to explore, says VanderWey.

In 19 of the stateâ€™s 39 counties the 4-H programs include ropes courses in city parks, sailing in the San Juans, back country hiking in the North Cascades, and snowshoeing in Ferry County.

At Camp Long, a 68-acre Seattle park with forests and cabins, kids can not only get into the woods, but up in the trees. Comprised of high platforms and nests of ropes, the campâ€™s high and low ropes courses were built by WSU Extension, King County, and the Seattle Department of Neighborhoods. Last year, the courses served 2,500 children ages nine to 19. This year, it hopes to bring in 4,000.

Down in Skamania County, a 4-H Forest Youth Success program brings teens into the forests to teach them the fundamentals of forest ecology, give them work experience, and have them build trails, tend the forest, and release turtles and trout.

The WSU Adventure Education program is more than 30 years old and it is still looking for new ways to use Washingtonâ€™s natural resources to serve kids. â€śWashington State University is the only land grant university with this depth and breadth of adventure education programs,â€ť says VanderWey. â€śThat may be in part because Washington just lends itself to it. For example, we have every outdoor activity you can imagine within two hours of the city of Seattle.â€ť

Richard Louvâ€™s book Last Child in the Woods discusses how contemporary American culture does not foster children being outdoors. The book points out that the decreased time outside coincides with health issues for children as well as a rise in depression. â€śStudies prove it out,â€ť says VanderWey. â€śItâ€™s pretty clear that spending time in nature decompresses children.â€ť It also develops life skills, can make students more ready to learn, and lends itself to natural resource education, he says.

That childhood exposure to nature carries through to adulthood, affecting adult attitudes toward supporting and protecting the resources around them, says Virginia Lohr, a professor of horticulture. A few years ago, she explored this in a survey of 2,000 adults living in cities across the United States. â€śPeople appear to understand the diverse benefits that trees provide,â€ť she found. â€śChildhood participation in active and passive outdoor activities, including tree plantings and being raised near trees, appears to influence adult attitudes
positively.â€ť

She found that people with strong childhood experiences with nature were more sensitive to having nature around them as adults.

WITH KIDS IN MIND

Esther Short Park â€“ Vancouver. Photo Bill Wagner

Washingtonâ€™s communities are filled with museums, science outposts, festivals, zoos, and theater programs, all created with kids in mind. Seattleâ€™s scrappy city- and volunteer-supported, child-focused Poncho Theater of the 1970s and 80s has evolved into a stunning Seattleâ€™s Childrenâ€™s Theater, one of the top five childrenâ€™s theaters in the country. Itâ€™s just next door to the Pacific Science Center which for the past half-century has lured thousands each month to its wide array of hands-on science exhibits.

Tacomaâ€™s Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium has spent 100 years at its current location and draws 700,000 visitors per year. And Vancouverâ€™s five-acre Esther Short Park, the oldest public square in the Northwest, is packed most summer weekends for outdoor concerts, a farmers market, and the picturesque wading fountain. Last year the American Planning Association named it one of the nationâ€™s 10 great public spaces.

Across the state, Spokane has the 100-acre Riverfront Park, its own childrenâ€™s theater, and the Mobius hands-on science museum. â€śBut we are nothing if we are not a city of events,â€ť says Anne Windishar Walter â€™87,
a counselor at Franklin Elementary and trustee of the cityâ€™s library board. These events draw visitors from around the region, fill the streets of downtown, and are all about being healthy and being outdoors.

Bloomsday, the world-famous spring-time running race through the city, has a â€śMarmot Marchâ€ť fun run for second graders and younger, and recently introduced a one-mile junior version of the race for third and fourth graders. Thereâ€™s also an annual Fit for Bloomsday program where 6,000 area elementary students can, with the help of their coaches, teachers, and parents, train to walk or run in the race.

Spokaneâ€™s Lilac Festival, not unlike Seattleâ€™s Seafair and Tacomaâ€™s Daffodil Festival, highlights both the community and the natural resources and, again, draws thousands of people into the city. Seven years ago, the city added bicycle-focused Spokefest, a family bicycling festival featuring rides from nine to 47 miles, with a much smaller one- to two-mile loop for the youngest bikers. During each of these events, Spokane surrenders its streets to the families who come to participate, says Walter.

But what may be most impressive is what has become the worldâ€™s largest three-on-three basketball tournament. â€śHoopfest is amazing just for the breadth of people that it brings out,â€ť says Walter. Now in its 25th year, the annual three-on-three tournament at the end of June draws over 7,000 teams of all ages and a quarter of a million people to the streets of downtown Spokane.

Spokane Hoopfest. Photo Gary Peterson

Terry Kelly â€™81 first heard the idea for Hoopfest over lunch with the eventâ€™s founder Rick Betts one afternoon. â€śHe had run into a three-on-three tournament somewhere else and said we could do it in Spokane, only bigger and better.â€ť Kelly, a former Cougar basketball player, wasnâ€™t so sure. â€śI said I didnâ€™t know if Spokane was that into basketball. And it would have to be very big to be successful.â€ť Nonetheless, he was willing to help. A tax attorney, he helped draw up the nonprofit eventâ€™s articles of incorporation and later trained volunteers to officiate the games. More than 2,000 players on 512 teams came that first year. â€śIt was a madhouse,â€ť says Kelly. â€śI remember thinking, this is wild. We shut down
downtown.â€ť

But what better city than Spokane for such an event? â€śItâ€™s the geography of the place and the mindset of the people,â€ť says Kelly. â€śWe felt a lot of love coming from the smaller communities. And here in town we had so many willing volunteers.â€ť

Spokane is a good mix of neighborhood and city with just enough cultural and natural resources to provide children with a rich experience, says Walter. She and her husband, writer Jess Walter, grew up in Spokane. â€śWe have chosen to stay where we are and raise our kids because of the quality of life,â€ť she says. â€śI wanted my kids to be able to play outside, to experience a community in a town where they can live and contribute. But itâ€™s large enough that they do experience the world here, too.â€ť

A STATE THAT FOSTERS BELONGING

Whether itâ€™s in the woods, on the beach, or in the middle of downtown, place can play such an important role in development, says John Lupinacci, an assistant professor in the College of Education who researches place-based education. Time outdoors helps children become more attuned to the ecology around them and ultimately can help them care more for their environment. And by exploring their cities, museums, and cultural events, children are deepening their ties to the places around them, he
says.

As we visit in his Pullman office, Lupinacci mulls how Washington might be different from other states and then lights up. â€śI know a great example,â€ť he says. â€śWashington has so many farmers markets. These are great places for children for a multitude of reasons.

â€śThere is an intergenerational connection, and they take place around food, around farming, and around place,â€ť he says. Even in the heart of the city, at a farmers market you are connected with the countryside. â€śThings are shifting here,â€ť he says. â€śPeople in Washington are finding ways to address food and ecology issues locally. And thereâ€™s a tremendous source of optimism here.â€ť

â€śWe always have that openness and willingness to be responsive to the ecological parts of our communities,â€ť he says. But sometimes â€śthat comes in conflict to the narrative of what it means to be successful.â€ť Right now in Washington, instead of pushing for commercial development, communities are pushing for more school and community gardens, open air markets, and healthy outdoor experiences, he says. â€śWeâ€™re now focusing on place in a deeper way than just sort of an environmental education. I think the unique geographic landscape contributes to that.â€ť

Even in Washingtonâ€™s most urban areas, you can still see rivers,
lakes, mountains, and trees. â€śThat has to have some effect,â€ť he says.

Lupinacci works with students training to be teachers. He also focusses on reforming education to make it situational, local, and in support of living systems. Heâ€™s finding that the two parts of his work are overlapping in interesting ways. â€śIt used to be that you grew up, you went to school, and then you moved away to find success,â€ť he says. But now many of his students are intent on not just staying in Washington, but on returning to and serving the communities where they
grew up.

â€śThereâ€™s a strong connection, not just to our nature, but to our cityscapes and beyond,â€ť he says. â€śThat relationship of belonging sort of claims you.â€ť