Ethnicity in Sociology

﻿Much greater levels of police stop and search on young black African-Caribbean males, than whites. After attack on World Trade Center in 2001 and London Underground bombings in 2005, a new discourse has emerged regarding Muslim Youths. The new image of them is of being dangerous- a threat to British culture. Offending

There are 3 ways on gathering statistics on ethnicity and crime: official stats, victimization studies and self-report studies. According to Home Office statistics, about 9.5% of people arrested were recorded as ‘Black’ and 5.3% ‘Asian’ (similar rating to white). This means that, relative to the population as a whole, black people are 3x more likely than whites to be arrested. However, these stats could be seen as a comment on the actions of the police. – some sociologists argue there is institutional racism in police. Offenders are most likely to be young males aged between 14 and 25. Any ethnic group with a high proportion of this age group within it will have relatively high arrest rates. The British black pop has high rates, and so it would be expected that they’d have high arrest rates too because of this. Stats show that Black Youth are more likely to be unemployed or in low paid jobs. Victimizing studies

Victim-based studies (British Crime Survey) are gathered by asking victims of crime for their recollection of the ethnic identity of the offender. According to the British Crime Survey, the majority of crime is intraracial, with 88% of white victims stating that white criminals were involved, 3% claiming offenders were black, 1%Asian, 5% mixed. About 42% of crimes against Black victims were identified as black offenders and 19% of crime against Asian were Asians. The figure of white crimes AGAINST ethnic minorities are much higher – 50% (though 90% of pop is white) However only 20% of survey-recorded crimes are ‘peronal’ such as theft, where the victim may actually be able to identify the offender.

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Different ethnic groups appear to have differing levels of achievement in school. Overall, the ethnicities of attainment are White, Chinese and Indian heritage students.
There has been concern about the achievement levels of certain Black minorities: in particular, African Caribbeans and Bangladeshi students under-attain in schools.
Sociologists have difficulty in measuring the impact of ethnicity on achievement because other factors may be involved. Poverty, class and cultural factors may all form part of reasons why some Black ethnic groups underperform.
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(AO1) What is ethnicity?
(AO1) What patterns of attainment on the basis of ethnicity are there?
(AO2) Is the education system institutionally racist?
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Ethnicity is a word used in sociology to describe the culture that you belong to. Everyone has an ethnicity. For most people in Barry, this ethnicity or sense of belonging to a culture is Welsh. Some people have more than one ethnicity; they might be Welsh/Chinese or English/African. The majority ethnicity in Britain...

...prison population, despite the fact they make up just 2.8% of the population. Whilst, Asians make up 4.7% of the population yet 6% of the prison population. These statistics emphasise that ethnic minorities are over-represented in the criminal justice system, and so the use of alternate sources of statistics may help show a more accurate picture. Victim surveys ask individuals what crimes they have been victims of and help identify the correlation between ethnicity and offending. They tend to show a great deal of intra- ethnic crime but also include several limitations as they rely on victims memory of events which could result in over- identifying certain ethnic groups as the offender. Whereas, self- report studies ask individuals to disclose their own dishonest and violent behaviour. The findings of self- report studies challenge the stereotypes of black people as being more likely than whites to offend. However, self-report studies also have their own limitations as inconsistency is shown through the evidence of ethnicity and offending.
There are ethnic differences at each stage of the criminal justice process. Policing is often seen to be oppressive, as members of ethnic minorities are more likely to be stopped and searched with Asians being twice more likely than blacks to be stopped by the police. These allegations have meant ethnic minorities have limited faith in the police and therefore feel under protected. Police racism is one of...

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...﻿Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess the contribution of functionalist sociologists to our understanding of the family.
The functionalist theory is about the idea of different parts of the body, the body needs certain parts In order to function which relates to society needing certain parts in order to be a society. In general, functionalism is a theory based on consensus which is where people agree on the same norms and values. This is different to Marxism which is a conflict between class and Feminism which is a conflict between genders.
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