Gardner's Art Through the Ages

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This classic art history survey text has sold more than two million copies since it was first published in 1926. The ideal text for the full-year art history course, it surveys the entire span of Western art from prehistory to the present and offers overviews of significant areas of non-Western art. Heightened visual appeal and superior accuracy of color resulting from printing at 175-line screen resolution. Addition of new maps, timelines, and improved photographic views. Reorganized, expanded, and revised chapters in Part One reflect significant changes in the field of ancient art over the last decade. (New co-author Fred S. Kleiner, Classical scholar, is Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Archaeology, the official journal of the Archaeological Institute of America.) Increased attention to social and political context of works of art in the ancient world. Presentation of more classical works of art created for non-elite patrons. Reorganized Early Christian, Islamic, and Byzantine material. Expanded coverage of Chinese art and introduction of Korean art. Expanded coverage of Mayan ceramics and stelae, new coverage of Peruvian textiles and Colombian goldwork. Revision of African art, updated in a separate chapter with twice as many images as the previous edition. Reorganized chapters covering Northern and Italian Renaissance. Increased coverage of women and minority artists. Totally reorganized eighteenth-, nineteenth- and twentieth-century material; many new images from nineteenth- and twentieth-century artists.

Preface

v

Introduction

3

(1)

The Aim of Art History

4

(1)

Classification Categories of Art History

4

(14)

The Problem of Representation

18

(2)

I The Ancient World

20

(260)

The Birth Of Art

24

(16)

Paleolithic Art

26

(7)

Mesolithic Art

33

(2)

Neolithic Art

35

(5)

Ancient Near Eastern Art

40

(24)

Sumerian Art

42

(7)

Akkadian Art

49

(1)

Neo-Sumerian Art

50

(1)

Babylonian Art

51

(1)

Hittite Art

52

(1)

Elamite Art

52

(1)

Assyrian Art

53

(4)

Neo-Babylonian Art

57

(1)

Achaemenid Persian Art

58

(3)

Sasanian Art

61

(3)

Egyptian Art

64

(34)

The Predynastic Period

66

(3)

The Old Kingdom

69

(12)

The Middle Kingdom

81

(1)

The New Kingdom

82

(16)

Aegean Art

98

(18)

Cycladic Art

101

(1)

Minoan Art

102

(8)

Mycenaean Art

110

(6)

Greek Art

116

(68)

The Geometric and Orientalizing Periods

119

(5)

The Archaic Period

124

(16)

The Early and High Classical Periods

140

(21)

The Late Classical Period

161

(10)

The Hellenistic Period

171

(13)

Etruscan Art

184

(14)

Early Etruscan Art

186

(7)

Later Etruscan Art

193

(5)

Roman Art

198

(58)

The Republic

200

(5)

Pompeii and the Cities of Vesuvius

205

(12)

The Early Empire

217

(10)

The High Empire

227

(15)

The Late Empire

242

(14)

Early Christian Art

256

(24)

The Catacombs and Funerary Art

259

(4)

Architecture and Mosaics

263

(11)

Luxury Arts

274

(6)

II The Middle Ages

280

(182)

Byzantine Art

284

(34)

Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Christian Empire

286

(1)

Early Byzantine Art

287

(16)

Middle Byzantine Art

303

(9)

Late Byzantine Art

312

(6)

Islamic Art

318

(26)

Early Islamic Architecture

321

(8)

Islamic Architectural Ornament

329

(3)

Later Islamic Architecture: Mosque, Madrasa, Mausoleum

332

(5)

Object Art and Textiles

337

(2)

The Art of Calligraphy

339

(2)

The Art of Book Illustration

341

(3)

Early Medieval Art In The West

344

(34)

The Animal Style: Scythian Antecedents

350

(1)

Art of the Germanic Peoples

351

(4)

Hiberno-Saxon Art

355

(4)

Viking Art

359

(2)

Carolingian Art

361

(9)

Ottonian Art

370

(8)

Romanesque Art

378

(36)

Architecture

385

(12)

Sculpture

397

(10)

Painting

407

(2)

Illumination

409

(5)

Gothic Art

414

(48)

Early Gothic

420

(9)

High Gothic

429

(16)

Late Gothic

445

(3)

Gothic Outside of France

448

(14)

III The World Beyond Europe

462

(156)

The Art of Indian Asia

468

(24)

The Spread of Indian Art

483

(9)

The Art of China And Korea

492

(36)

China

494

(28)

Korea

522

(6)

The Art of Japan

528

(24)

Archaic Period

530

(2)

Asuka Period

532

(2)

Early Heian and Late Heian (Fujiwara) Periods

534

(4)

Kamakura Period

538

(2)

Ashikaga Period

540

(3)

Momoyama and Edo (Tokugawa) Periods

543

(8)

Domestic Architecture

551

(1)

The Native Arts Of The Americas And Of Oceania

552

(44)

The Pre-Columbian Art of the Americas

554

(1)

Mesoamerica

554

(16)

South America

570

(8)

North America

578

(9)

Oceania

587

(7)

Afterword: The Present

594

(2)

The Arts of Africa

596

(22)

The Varied Contexts of African Art

598

(1)

Stylistic Distinctions

599

(1)

Artists and Materials

600

(1)

Chronology and African Art

600

(5)

Leadership and Art

605

(2)

Spirituality and Art

607

(4)

Masks and Masquerades

611

(5)

Afterword: The Present

616

(2)

IV The Renaissance And The Baroque And Rococo

618

(304)

Late Gothic Art In Italy

624

(24)

The City-States: Economies and Politics

626

(1)

Humanism: The Revival of Classical Values

627

(1)

The Humanizing of Religious Experience

627

(2)

Sculpture

629

(1)

Painting

630

(18)

Fifteenth-Century Art in Northern Europe And Spain

648

(30)

The Rise of Capitalism

650

(1)

The Burgundian Netherlands

651

(19)

France, Germany, and Spain

670

(8)

Fifteenth-Century Italian Art: The Early Renaissance

678

(50)

The First Half of the Fifteenth Century

680

(26)

The Second Half of the Fifteenth Century

706

(22)

Sixteenth-Century Italian Art: The High Renaissance And Mannerism

728

(60)

The High Renaissance

730

(32)

Mannerism

762

(9)

Venetian Art and Architecture

771

(17)

Sixteenth-Century Art In Northern Europe And Spain

788

(28)

The Protestant Reformation

790

(1)

Germany

791

(10)

The Netherlands

801

(5)

France

806

(4)

Spain

810

(6)

Baroque Art

816

(62)

Italy

820

(22)

Spain

842

(6)

Flanders

848

(5)

Holland

853

(12)

France

865

(10)

England

875

(3)

The Eighteenth Century: Late Baroque And Rococo, And The Rise Of Romanticism

878

(44)

The Enlightenment: Philosophy and Society

880

(2)

The Early Eighteenth Century: Late Baroque and Rococo

882

(12)

The Enlightenment: Science and Technology

894

(3)

Reaction against the Rococo: The Taste for the ``Natural''

897

(7)

The Rise of Romanticism

904

(18)

V The Modern And Postmodern World

922

(232)

The Ninteenth Century: Pluralism Of Style

926

(92)

Science and Technology

928

(2)

The Artist: Traditional or Modern?

930

(1)

The Early Nineteenth Century: The Role of Romanticism

931

(26)

Mid-Century Realism: The Reaction against Romanticism

957

(37)

The Later Nineteenth Century: Reactions against Realism in Painting

994

(16)

Sculpture in the Later Nineteenth Century

1010

(3)

Architecture in the Later Nineteenth Century: The Beginnings of a New Style