Remarkable week-long March heat wave hitting U.S.

A highly unusual week-long heat wave is building over much of the U.S., and promises to bring the warmest temperatures ever seen so early in year to a large portion of the Midwest. The exceptional heat will also be exceptionally long-lasting: record-breaking temperatures 20 - 30 degrees F above normal are expected today through next Wednesday for much of the Midwest and Northeast U.S. The weather system responsible is a large upper-level ridge of high pressure that is "stuck" in place--a phenomenon known as a "blocking pattern." The jet stream is bending far to the south over the Western U.S., then bending far to the north over the Rockies and into Canada, and lies far to the north of the eastern U.S. Since the jet stream acts as the boundary between cold air to the north and warm air to the south, the current looping pattern is bringing colder than normal temperatures and snow to the mountains of the West, and summer-like warmth to the Eastern U.S. It is common for the jet stream to get stuck in a blocking pattern for a period of a week or more, but not in to this extremity. If the current model forecasts prove correct, a high pressure ridge over the U.S. bringing heat this intense and long-lasting in March will be unprecedented in the historical record, going back to 1872.

Figure 1. Is this March or June? Predicted high temperatures for Wednesday, March 14, 2012 over much of the Midwest are more typical of June than March.

Here are the hottest all-time recorded temperatures measured prior to March 20 for some selected U.S. cities. All of these records will be seriously threatened during the coming week:

Madison, WI: 77°F on March 7, 2000Milwaukee, WI: 77°F on March 7 - 8, 2000Minneapolis, MN: 73°F on March 7, 2000Des Moines, IA: 82°F on March 11, 1972Chicago, IL: 81°F on March 12, 1990Detroit, MI: 80°F on March 8, 2000Lansing, MI: 79°F on March 8, 2000Muskegon, MI: 73°F on March 8, 2000Grand Rapids, MI: 78°F on March 8, 2000Flint, MI: 80°F on March 8, 2000

As you can see, the expected warm temperatures during the coming week will rival those recorded on March 8, 2000, when most of the Upper Midwest set all-time records for the warmest temperature ever measured so early in the year. That warm surge was caused by a ridge of high pressure that was not as strong as the one expected to build in during the coming week, and the March 8, 2000 ridge did not stick around long enough to generate more than two days of record-breaking high temperatures. A powerful low pressure system moved through Northern Wisconsin on March 8, 2000, dragging a cold front through the state that triggered a thunderstorm that spawned the earliest tornado ever recorded in Milwaukee County.

Figure 2. New daily high temperature records were set at 208 locations yesterday, according to our new Extremes web page, with data from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center.

Hot days in MinneapolisIn Minneapolis, Minnesota yesterday, the high temperature reached 67°F, which is the 7th warmest temperature measured so early in the year, and 27°F above the normal high of 40°F for the date. Since weather records in the city go back to 1872, we can expect that Minneapolis will experience a temperature of 67°F or higher this early in the year once every 20 years, on average. What's really remarkable is that the forecast for Minneapolis calls for a high temperature of 70 - 75° every day for the next seven days. Since 1872, there have only been nine days that the temperature has gotten to 70°F prior to March 20, with 73°F on March 7, 2000 being the hottest day. So, over the course of the next week, we are likely to break the all-time high for so early in the year, and add nearly double the number of 70°F-plus days. The situation is similar for much of Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and surrounding states. With temperatures already averaging at least 5°F over much of the Midwest this month, it's very likely that this month will be the warmest March on record for at least seven states.

Unusual snows on the Oregon coastAs is often the case, record heat in one part of the country means that another part is experiencing unusual cold, due to a kink in the jet stream. On Monday, 6.0" of snow fell at Newport, OR, and 8.5" at Tillamook (about halfway up the coast between Newport and Astoria). According to statistics at the Western Regional Climate Center, the Newport snowfall was their greatest March snowfall on record (previous was 2.0" in March 1906) and the their 3rd greatest snowfall of any month since records began in 1893. The latest-greater snowfall at Newport was 11.0" on Dec. 3-4, 1972. This tied with another 11.0" snow in January 1943 as their greatest snowfalls on record. For Tillamook it was the biggest snow since 9.0" in January 1971 (but well short of their all-time snowfall of 19.0" in March 1951).

Uh Oh. After a couple record breaking highs and a week of 60+ degree days in forecast, our spring flowers are springing out really early. This rain storm is only going to make this columbine and other things grow even more.

Today is the 4th anniversary of the worst severe weather event i was a part of (and the 1st major 1 i remember). Sirens went off like 7 or 8 times. I remember seeing a supercell with baseball sized hail just to the north of me, white on the outside, and black underneath, 60 000 ft tops but only 10 or 20 square miles. Unfortunately, i didnt see anything significant and was too busy to be able to follow radar.Was almost in a High risk.

Not much of a chance for tornadoes/dmg winds, this will be a hail event.

...THERE IS A SLGT RISK OF SVR TSTMS ACROSS PARTS OF AR/MO EAST TO THE TN/OH VALLEYS AND ERN GREAT LAKES...

...SYNOPSIS... RELATIVELY WEAK SWLY MID LEVEL FLOW EXISTS OVER MUCH OF THE U.S. THIS MORNING WITH STRONGER WINDS ALOFT CONFINED TO THE NORTHWEST/NRN PLAINS AND NRN NEW ENGLAND. ELSEWHERE...A BROAD BELT OF 10-30KT 500MB FLOW EXTENDS FROM THE SOUTHWEST TO THE OH VALLEY ATOP SLIGHTLY STRONGER LOW LEVEL SWLY FLOW ON THE WRN FLANK OF ANTICYCLONE ANCHORED OVER THE SOUTHEAST AND ADJACENT ATLANTIC. MOST PRONOUNCED HEIGHT FALLS THIS PERIOD WILL OCCUR IN ASSOCIATION WITH A PACIFIC TROUGH SPREADING INLAND ACROSS WA/ORE. A LOW AMPLITUDE SHORT WAVE TROUGH EMBEDDED WITHIN THE WEAK FLOW ACROSS THE PLAINS...IN TANDEM WITH A SOMEWHAT STRONGER IMPULSE OVER CANADA...WILL RESULT IN WEAK HEIGHT FALLS SPREADING EAST FROM SRN PLAINS TO THE OH VALLEY/GREAT LAKES THROUGH TONIGHT.

...OZARKS TO OH/TN VALLEYS AND ERN GREAT LAKES... ANOMALOUSLY HIGH PW/MOISTURE AND MEAGER MID LEVEL FLOW/SHEAR WILL CONTINUE TO SUPPORT AN ATYPICAL SETUP FOR MID-MARCH TSTM DEVELOPMENT ACROSS AREAS FROM THE OZARKS ACROSS THE MID/LOWER MS VALLEY TO THE MIDWEST THROUGH TODAY. ONGOING STORMS FROM SRN IND TO OH/KY/WV AND ERN TN ARE IN RESPONSE TO MASS CONVERGENCE AND ISENTROPIC LIFT ON THE ERN EDGE OF EXTENSIVE CNTRL U.S. EML PLUME. RECENT TRENDS AND UPWIND PROPAGATION VECTORS SUGGEST THE MCS ROOTED ABOVE THE BOUNDARY LAYER IN OH/WV MAY PRODUCE LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN THIS MORNING. DESPITE THE LACK OF STRONGER VERTICAL SHEAR OVER THE AREA BASED ON MORNING SOUNDINGS AND OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS DATA SOME HAIL POTENTIAL WILL PERSIST DUE TO STEEP LAPSE RATES AND LOW FREEZING LEVELS.

THE AFOREMENTIONED WEAK CIRCULATION/DISTURBANCE SPREADING EAST ACROSS THE SRN PLAINS THIS MORNING WILL BE ACCOMPANIED BY 10-30KT MID LEVEL FLOW PER LATEST PROFILER AND VWP OBSERVATIONS. LIFT ASSOCIATED WITH THIS IMPULSE WILL SPREAD EAST TOWARD THE MIDWEST AND MS VALLEY ATOP THE BROAD LOW LEVEL WARM/MOIST CONVEYOR BELT. POCKETS OF GREATER DIURNAL HEATING WILL CONTRIBUTE TO AREAS OF STRONG DESTABILIZATION OVER THE CNTRL AND SRN U.S. THIS AFTERNOON. MODEL GUIDANCE SUGGESTS THAT WEAKER INHIBITION EAST OF THE GREAT PLAINS SHOULD BE OVERCOME/ELIMINATED THROUGH A COMBINATION OF BACKGROUND ASCENT AND BOUNDARY LAYER DIABATIC HEATING/MIXING. MULTICELLULAR TSTM DEVELOPMENT IS EXPECTED IN THIS REGIME AND DESPITE LACK OF STRONGER DEEP-LAYER SHEAR THE THREAT FOR SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS HAIL AND GUSTY WIND EVENTS SEEMS POSSIBLE INTO THIS EVENING. IF GREATER STORM-SCALE ORGANIZATION CAN DEVELOP/EVOLVE THROUGH THE DAY IT MAY BE POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE A MORE DETAILED/FOCUSED TSTM WIND THREAT AREA BUT HAIL APPEARS TO BE THE PREDOMINANT SEVERE THREAT AT THIS TIME.

WEAK FRONT WILL AID LIFT AMIDST INCREASINGLY UNSTABLE AIRMASS ACROSS LOWER MI AND OH LATER TODAY TO SUPPORT A FEW CLUSTERS/LINES OF STORMS ALSO CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HAIL AND GUSTY WINDS.

Quoting BobWallace:Anyone else have their screens freeze up for a while due to the animations sunlinepr posts?

I can't scroll past them until they play through or whatever.

I've only had that happen when browsing the blog through the iPhone app's browser. Completely freezes up on the animations.

(edit: I don't mean the direct link to the Dr.'s blog in the app, that link is mobile formatted and doesn't show comments. It happens when I follow a twitter link to a blog post while inside the app's browser. I've previously used this shortcut to read and post comments but it froze too much. Now I use Safari and go to the full site. Blog and comments work fine. No freezing.)

Honestly tho.....with all the suns activity lately and maybe we are just more focused on the sun now too....but, Do you think the sun's activity is related at all with the current heating going on now? I DO!!!!

Re: Oracle Atlantis post about the sn. It absolutely irresistable to speculate about this. It's a giant triangle on the sun! Spaceships could be lurking! Inside that hole, beings could be looking at us!!!!! Come on, let's have a little fun with it. It's space weather and we hardly ever have a chance to comment on it or see it do such unlikely things.

ECMWF/GFS CONTINUE TO SUGGEST A PROGRESSIVE...ALBEIT SLOW-MOVING...UPPER TROUGH WILL TRANSLATE ACROSS THE WRN U.S. INTO THE PLAINS DURING THE MEDIUM RANGE PERIOD. LEADING EDGE OF STRONGER FLOW ALOFT SHOULD SPREAD ACROSS THE LEE TROUGH/DRY LINE FROM WRN NEB INTO WEST TX BY SUNDAY EVENING. ANY STORMS THAT DEVELOP ALONG THIS BOUNDARY COULD POTENTIALLY ORGANIZE AS 500MB FLOW INCREASES IN EXCESS OF 50-70KT. BY DAY5 STRONGER FORCING WILL SPREAD DOWNSTREAM AND THE GREATEST SEVERE THREAT IS EXPECTED TO EXTEND FROM THE KS/OK BORDER...SWWD INTO THE HILL COUNTRY OF TX. BEYOND DAY5 THERE IS CONSIDERABLE UNCERTAINTY REGARDING THE SPEED/MOVEMENT OF THE UPPER TROUGH...AS WELL AS CONVECTIVE MODE.

When I first saw this, my immediate thought was: OMG! You have got to be kidding me - that's the exact same day that I'd been predicting a large earthquake!

But then I realized I was using the same "methodology" - that is, counting the number of days from the previous large quake, in this case Chile (2010) --> Japan (2011) --> ??? (2012). The youtube poster in this case has been wrong on earthquakes before, but earthquake prediction is at best an inexact science, and in most cases, not a science at all.

Now, tracing backwards 188-9 days reveals no real results beyond the Chile tremblor, other than a magnitude 6.7 quake in the Ryukyu Islands (17 August 2009) and a magnitude 7.2 in eastern Indonesia (11 February 2009). Both occurred in the Pacific rim, but prior to that, no strong earthquake event occurred in the pattern (unless you consider the mag. 5.5 quake, 29 July 2008 in the Chino Hills area to be a strong quake).

Numerological predictions are probably no more reliable than pure guesswork, unless there is some sort of detectable resonance at work.

Granted, I did actually "predict" the Chile earthquake in February 2010, though was not convinced enough in my "prediction" to explicitly post it (except a few remarks about the Humboldt Current being cut off by a warm ENSO Modoki pool at the location of 1960 Valdivia 9.5). Typically, prior to any major earthquake, there is somebody who predicts it, and the more predictions that are made, the more likely an actual earthquake will be "predicted". I was going to write a blog on the Chile quake and possible links to SSTs and El Nino, but have been neglecting to do so for about the past two years or so as a result of unfair procrastination.

There were also many significant earthquakes I did not predict. This, for example, includes the 7.0 Haiti earthquake, the 9.0 Japan earthquake or the 6.3 New Zealand earthquake. Some failed predictions include a mag. ~7 earthquake in Jamaica, which never occurred, unless a set of magnitude 4.3 quakes is within the margin of error.

There will likely be never (or at most, very few) successful officially-directed evacuations of geologically active areas based on earthquake prediction, although unexpected scientific advances are always possible. Until then, most people in earthquake-prone regions will never receive an accurate warning from a prediction for seismic activity before the earthquake actually strikes in their region. It is much more feasible to predict the weather, and even here there are many people complaining about wrong forecasts that ruined their perfect barbeque.

An interesting fact(oid) is that I read in a book or online resource somewhere apprently linking transits of Venus to tsunamis in the ocean. The transits almost always occur in pairs 8 years apart. For example, there were transits of Venus in 1874 and 1882. There was a magnitude 8.8 earthquake in northern Chile in 1877, and the eruption of Krakatoa, between Java and Sumatra in Indonesia affecting the Indian Ocean, occurred with a catastrophic tsunami in 1883.

It's difficult to tell whether the purported correlation between large tsunamis and Venusian transits has any factual basis; for instance, the 1755 'Lisbon' quake and tsunami occurred six years before the first transit. Even then, we must remember that correlation does not imply causation.

Of course, it is still almost three months prior to this year's transit of Venus, and in the midst of all this quake-rambling, don't forget that a spectacular conjunction of Venus and Jupiter is still visible in the western sky (EDT).

I hope my commentary on geo-tectonics has not been too off-base; some geoscientists suggested decades ago that we would now be in an active geological cycle phase. And now, back to the weather:

A ridge of high pressure and mostly dry weather dominates the central and eastern half of North America this week. Some pop-up thunderstorms are continuing across the Southeastern Continental United States. Look for higher instability and elevated tornado risk next week.

The general problem with earthquake prediction is that earthquakes happen so frequently (including strong ones) that you need a significant amount of evidence that your method is indeed predicting quakes and it isn't happening by random chance. For example, on average a magnitude 6 earthquake is happening roughly every two or three days, and monster quakes greater than magnitude 8 happen on average once or twice a year.

So when someone says there will be a major quake this year (or any year), they will most likely be correct. When someone says there will be a strong quake tomorrow (> 6M), again there is a good chance they will be correct.

If you can predict the day and location of these types of quakes and show statistically significant skill in doing so (both present day and historically), then there are a lot of geophysicists who would want to talk to you.

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR... CHEROKEE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA... MONROE COUNTY IN EAST TENNESSEE...

* UNTIL 845 AM EDT

* AT 801 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 12 MILES SOUTHEAST OF MADISONVILLE...AND MOVING EAST AT 25 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE... MURPHY...VIOLET...HIAWASSE DAM...UNAKA...CITICO AND MARBLE.

352 BobWallace "Anyone else have their screens freeze up for a while due to the animations sunlinepr posts? I can't scroll past them until they play through or whatever."If you use Firefox and use addon flashblock, then YOU control when those animations are run. Also it will no repeat over and over.

Quoting TropicalAnalystwx13:I know, it's unfortunate really, but as I just said, we cannot have our pie and eat it too.

If I could move everybody out of the plains into bigger, better homes and allow all the tornado outbreaks to occur over the completely abandoned areas, I would. But...that's not plausible.

Those homes in the security video films from the blog yesterday showed what happens to well-built homes when hit by enough wind. They just shredded away. One roof lifted off in a single unit so it must have been a well-built roof. Unless homes are "bunker style" reinforced concrete they are at risk. I have a fascination with severe weather because it's so awesome but at the same time I don't want it anywhere near people. Nature of course does what it does where it wants and we can only stand by. If I lived in the plains or a high-risk area I would have a super-strong safe room. People walked out of one in the Oklahoma City tornado to find their closet-sized safe room was the only thing left standing for blocks. And they were totally o.k.

Australia's climate warming at alarming rate, report warns15.03.2012 06:04:50 | The Telegraph (UK)Australia's climate is warming at an alarming rate and oceans around the continent have been rising by as much as a centimetre a year, according to a new government report.The snapshot, produced by the national science and weather agencies, found climate changes have been occurring at an increasingly rapid pace. It predicts fiercer storms, increased drought and more intensive periods of rainfall over the coming decades. According to the report, based on observations and peer-reviewed research by government scientists, Australia has recorded its 13 hottest years on record since 1997 – and average day and night-time temperatures are now almost a degree higher than they were a century ago. Sea-surface temperatures increased by about 0.8C since 1910 and hit a record high in 2010. Each decade in Australia has been warmer than the previous decade since the 1950s. The report, by the Bureau of Meteorology and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [CSIRO], says the changes appear to have been mostly caused by human-induced carbon emissions and are not due to nature alone. Following a dip in carbon emissions during the financial crisis, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere reached 390 parts per million last year, the highest level in 800,000 years.

"It is very likely (at least 90 per cent likelihood) that most of the observed global warming since the mid-20th century is due to increases in greenhouse gases from human activities," the report says. "Human activities also have influenced ocean warming, sea-level rise, and temperature extremes. It is very unlikely (less than ten per cent likelihood) that 20th century warming can be explained by natural variability alone." Australia has been particularly hard-hit by global warming, with sea levels and ocean temperatures around the continent rising faster than world averages. In the past 18 months, Australia has endured two La Ninas – leading to the nation recording its wettest two-year period since instrumental records began in the 1880s. The rainfall led to flooding in Queensland last year that killed dozens of people and caused damage to farms, houses and business of about $AUS30 billion.

Heavy rainfall over the recent summer has caused further bouts of heavy flooding across vast swathes of territory in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. This led to the highest two-year average rainfall on record. Despite the recent cooler, rain-inducing La Nina weather pattern, increasing greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to lead to hotter weather in the coming decades. The report says average temperatures could rise by up to 5C by 2070. "Global changes of this magnitude happen very rarely," said Karl Braganza, the head of climate monitoring at the Bureau of Meteorology. "They happen when asteroids strike, they happen when there's planetary volcanic activity. They are happening now because we are digging up fossil fuels and basically burning them all. And we are doing that very, very rapidly." The snapshot comes months before Australia's controversial tax on carbon emissions by heavy polluters comes into effect on July 1. The scheme will impose a tax of $AUS23 per ton on emissions and will be the world's biggest carbon reduction scheme outside Europe.

352 BobWallace "Anyone else have their screens freeze up for a while due to the animations sunlinepr posts? I can't scroll past them until they play through or whatever."

On rare occasions with previous computers, which have tended to be around 3to4 hardware and 2to3 OperatingSystem generations removed from the latest. (I've always gotten my browsing computers for free as they've become too slow for professional use. Even then I don't switch until after the old one blows up or its OS loses support.)With my latest(old-but-free)computer, occasionally they've kept the CPU at max and fans at max, but no freeze so far... which may change when I take a look at the previous page

Then again, WU occasionally gets screwed up by its advertisers. You may be experiencing ad-farm freeze, in which your computer keeps trying to contact an advertiser's server even though their server keeps ignoring your computers request.

The sun just threw off yet another flare, this one a relatively weak M1.8, apparently also from AR1432. That makes three M-class flares in about 40 hours. Not too bad. 1429 will be back around near the end of March; it'll be interesting to see what happens by then...

At 2:00 PM WST, Tropical Cyclone Lua, Category Two (970 hPa) located at 15.7S 113.4E or 670 km north northwest of Karratha 750 km northwest of Port Hedland has 10 minute sustained winds of 60 knots with gusts of 85 knots. The cyclone is reported as moving east southeast at 2 knots.

Storm Force Winds=================80 NM from the center in northeast quadrant40 NM from the center in southeast quadrant40 NM from the center in southwest quadrant80 NM from the center in northwest quadrant

Gale Force Winds=============180 NM from the center in northeast quadrant120 NM from the center in southeast quadrant120 NM from the center in southwest quadrant180 NM from the center in northwest quadrant

Dvorak Intensity: T4.0/4.0/D1.0/24 HRS

Lua has moved slowly over the last few hours but should accelerate to the southeast during Friday and early morning Saturday, towards the east Pilbara coast. Lua is expected to intensify into a severe tropical cyclone tonight and remain severe through to landfall.

Gales are not expected in coastal areas today or overnight, but gales are expected to develop during Friday or early Saturday between Mardie and Bidyadanga as the cyclone approaches the coast . Very destructive winds with wind gusts in excess of 170 kilometres per hour are expected to develop in coastal areas near the centre of the cyclone during Saturday. Gales are expected to extend to coastal areas between Cape Leveque and Bidayadanga during Saturday and then to inland eastern Pilbara areas later on Saturday.

Heavy rainfall is expected in coastal areas of the east Pilbara and west Kimberley during Thursday and Friday.

Tropical Cyclone Watches/Warnings=================================

A Cyclone WARNING has been declared for coastal areas from Bidyadanga to Mardie, including Port Hedland, Karratha and Dampier.

A Cyclone WATCH is current for coastal areas from Cape Leveque to Bidyadanga including Broome, and the eastern inland Pilbara including Newman and Telfer.

Position is based on visible imagery and some recent microwave passes.

Dvorak analysis Visible imagery yielded curved band wrap of around 0.8-0.9 giving a DT of 3.5. MET is 4.0 based on a trend of D, PAT is 4.0 and FT is set to 4.0. Final intensity estimate is set to 60 knots 10-min mean, with ASCAT showing some 50 knot winds to the north of the system.

The current moderate easterly shear is expected to reduce in the next 24 hours and become very favorable for development together with strong upper divergence as an upper trough approaches. This will be followed by unfavorable shear as upper northwesterlies increase over the system but this may not occur in time to weaken the cyclone prior to landfall on Saturday.

Movement has been very slow in the last few hours as the steering influence of the upper ridge to the southwest is balanced by the vigorous northwesterly monsoonal flow. By tonight the system should begin to move to the southeast and a faster southeasterly track is forecast for Friday as the ridge weakens and the monsoonal flow dominates. There is very good general agreement across model guidance for this scenario with a coastal crossing on Saturday, although the timing of this varies somewhat.

The next tropical cyclone bulletin on Tropical Cyclone Lua from the Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center will be issued at 10:30 AM UTC..

A big thank you to Jeff for posting my pic! To add to that I was out at Como conservatory this Wednesday. There's nothing blooming outside yet, but I did see the leaves of Daffodils poking up from the ground. Lots of things sprouting. Robins, woodpeckers, and chickadees all singing their spring songs. Como Lake is thawing and ducks are having a time as well as people. I even saw one man running shirtless! Crazy heat. I like it but do worry what will happen when the weather pattern corrects itself.

Quoting KEEPEROFTHEGATE:the part that catches me the most is that the mayans are not the only ones to use that date to indicate some type of event occuring at that time there are other civilizations to use it as well

We'll see. It certainly wouldn't be the first time I've been proven wrong.

Quoting KEEPEROFTHEGATE:some are yes but to be honest we really and simply do not know we have only a very limited knowlege of there writings most were destroy by the spanish and church if it means anything at all we are all about to come to that point in time to find out together maybe it is nothing but then again it could be something we just do not know

some are yes but to be honest we really and simply do not know we have only a very limited knowlege of there writings most were destroy by the spanish and church if it means anything at all we are all about to come to that point in time to find out together maybe it is nothing but then again it could be something we just do not know