:University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. UI Current LIS CLIPS The Library as Place: The changing nature and enduring appeal of library buildings and space. http://clips.lis.uiuc.edu/2006_09P2.html This site includes many summaries and pointers to key articles and documents, with some focusing on users.

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:Searing, Susan E., and Karla Stover Lucht (2006). The library as place: the changing nature and enduring appeal of library buildings and spaces. UI Current LIS Clips: A current awareness service for the library and information community.

::Part 2, Academic and research libraries. Internet Archive URL: http://web.archive.org/web/20090420170803/http://clips.lis.illinois.edu/2006_09P2.html. This site includes many summaries and pointers to key articles and documents, with some focusing on users.

:Studying Students: The Undergraduate Research Project at the University of Rochester. Susan Gibbons and Nancy Foster (eds.). September 2007 from Association of College and Research Libraries. (print and freely available download http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/publications/digital/Foster-Gibbons_cmpd.pdf )

:Studying Students: The Undergraduate Research Project at the University of Rochester. Susan Gibbons and Nancy Foster (eds.). September 2007 from Association of College and Research Libraries. (print and freely available download http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/publications/digital/Foster-Gibbons_cmpd.pdf )

* Reusability (value consideration), flexibility (balance between order and chaos), portability (user control) and adaptability (recognition of constant change in the 21st century library)

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* Reusability (value consideration), flexibility (balance between order and chaos), portability (user control) and adaptability (recognition of constant change in the 21st century library)

* Durability for 24/7 use in public areas. Check express warranties on products being considered

* Durability for 24/7 use in public areas. Check express warranties on products being considered

−

* Conformance with the library program: How well does the FF&E mesh with the desired project outcomes? The Library program (outcomes) should drive the FF&E, not the other way around. * Patron characteristics: Is the space designed to encourage extended usage, or in-and-out. Size of work surfaces, seating type, creature comforts such as lockers and furniture cubbies will influence length of stay.

+

* Conformance with the library program: How well does the FF&E mesh with the desired project outcomes? The Library program (outcomes) should drive the FF&E, not the other way around.

+

* Patron characteristics: Is the space designed to encourage extended usage, or in-and-out? Size of work surfaces, seating type, creature comforts such as lockers and furniture cubbies will influence length of stay.

* Ergonomic and ADA considerations

* Ergonomic and ADA considerations

−

* Security issues juxtaposed with privacy interests. A security-based need which calls for open design will influence height of partitioning, design and degree of private study space, and private study area location and layout

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* Security issues juxtaposed with privacy interests. A security based need which calls for open design will influence height of partitioning, design and degree of private study space, and private study area location and layout

* Efficacy of design: Will the actual use reflect the intended use? Example: A small 4-person table may realistically seat only two.

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* Efficacy of design: Will the actual use reflect the intended use? Example: A small 4-person table may realistically seat only two.

* Wayfinding and signage should be thoughtful and intentional

* Wayfinding and signage should be thoughtful and intentional

Many of the sites in the Precedents section (above) address library furnishings. Vendors are also available at the American Library Association Midwinter Meetings and Annual Conferences and are conveniently listed alphabetically and by category in those conference program guides.

Many of the sites in the Precedents section (above) address library furnishings. Vendors are also available at the American Library Association Midwinter Meetings and Annual Conferences and are conveniently listed alphabetically and by category in those conference program guides.

# Are electrical and network wiring sufficient to meet the needs associated with electronic access?

# Are electrical and network wiring sufficient to meet the needs associated with electronic access?

# Does the library meet the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act?

# Does the library meet the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act?

−

# Are facilities provided to distance learners considered in the context of the ACRL Guidelines for Distance Learning and Library Services http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/standards/guidelinesdistancelearning.cfm .

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# Are facilities provided to distance learners considered in the context of the ACRL Guidelines for Distance Learning and Library Services http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/standards/guidelinesdistancelearning.cf

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== '''Safety and Security''' ==

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Safety has become an issue of great importance in libraries in recent years. There are a number of resources to assist with safeguarding patrons, employees and property. In the 21st century this topic also extends to internet safety and security. Many libraries are establishing resource guides with in-depth information related to safety and security. An excellent example can be found at Wayne State University Library’s web site http://guides.lib.wayne.edu/safety_security which has an abundance of resource material. Other good examples are at Boston University Library and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

+

+

There are at least four subtopics to the general topic, which are: (1) precautions to protect patrons and staff against acts of violence; (2) safeguarding collection materials from theft/vandalism; (3) internet protection and (4) procedural safeguards and response plans for natural and man-made disasters.

+

+

This wiki will treat primarily subtopic 1, personal safety (patrons and staff) precautions against acts of violence, and subtopic 2, precautions to protect against theft, as these two aspects are what primarily affect patrons. Subtopic 3 is generally best treated in forums associated with IT, while subtopic 4 has a well-established body of literature referred to as disaster preparedness or disaster planning. A fifth topic, workplace safety, which deals with occupational safety hazards, is most commonly considered with employment issues.

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+

For libraries that do not yet have a robust set of policies and procedures, one good way to get started is to first read a short general treatment of the subject with hints for addressing low-hanging fruit. An excellent treatment on library safety can be found with this short read by Steven Bell, in the September 2012 issue of Library Issues.

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http://www.libraryissues.com/sub/PDF3301Sep2012.pdf . Warren Davis Graham’s Black Belt Librarian: Real World Safety & Security, published by ALA in 2012 is also a quick read.

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+

A very useful and motivating step in establishing a security program in an academic library is to establish a set of web pages on the public side of the library’s web site with basic information on safety and security within the context of one’s parent institution. Examples include publishing a clear code of acceptable conduct with consequences for violations; links to campus safety resources such as police sponsored student escort services; routines to follow in reporting loss of property (i.e., lost and found and theft reports); pages giving applicable statutes prohibiting theft or mutilation of library materials; and/or pages noting special access procedures usually enforced for special collections. At a minimum every academic library should have a page with tips on personal safety and security. A good example, in addition to the above library links, can be found at the University of Georgia http://www.libs.uga.edu/adminservices/security/safety.html

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Public libraries are often out in front of academic libraries on this subject, and much can be learned by perusing public library sites for tips and guidelines. An example of a well-constructed site on safety/security in public libraries can be found at http://chesterfieldlibrary.org/about/safety-security-and-behavior-policies/

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The Ohio Library Council also has a good treatment on library safety and security at http://www.olc.org/LibrarySafetySecurityPoliciesProcedures.asp

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Much has been written, spoken and sadly witnessed with “active shooter” situations in public buildings in recent years. Tips and videos on preparation and response to active shooter situations can be found at http://www.dhs.gov/active-shooter-preparedness

''Note: The Committee wishes to thank Mr. Jonathan LeBreton, Senior Associate University Librarian, Temple University Libraries, for his valuable contributions and editing in the development of this page.

* Susan Gibbons and Nancy Foster, Studying Students: The Undergraduate Research Project at the University of Rochester, 2007. http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/publications/digital/Foster-Gibbons_cmpd.pdf

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* Susan Gibbons and Nancy Foster,eds., '''Studying Students: The Undergraduate Research Project at the University of Rochester'''. Chicago: American Library Association, 2007. http://www.alastore.ala.org/detail.aspx?ID=2322

Academic Library Building Design: Resources for Planning

James B Hunt Jr. Library, North Carolina State University

Welcome

Welcome to Academic Library Building Design: Resources for Planning. In response to frequent inquiries for information about planning academic library buildings, the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) and the Library Leadership and Management Association (LLAMA) have joined forces to provide a basic framework for architects, planners, and librarians embarking on the planning and design of libraries for higher education. This Guide will provide information for thinking about the design of new and renovated library space, and point toward additional resources that can support, inform and enhance the academic library design process.

User Studies

(Updated June 2013)

In addition to local studies, planners may want to consult studies which outline how users will likely use the space, considering the various types of library users as well as the role of technology. These sites are recommended:

Searing, Susan E., and Karla Stover Lucht (2006). The library as place: the changing nature and enduring appeal of library buildings and spaces. UI Current LIS Clips: A current awareness service for the library and information community.

The Learning Commons Model
http://faculty.rwu.edu/smcmullen
This website was compiled by a librarian on sabbatical. It includes individual reports on 19 academic information commons with many photos and an extensive, current bibliography.

Chronicle of Higher Education. Campus Architecture Database. The link to the campus architecture database (http://chronicle.com/blogs/buildings/) allows one to browse the entire database. Scroll down to the Buildings & Grounds Archives box and use the search box. The quickest way to find specific library information is to search by library name, architect, or institution.

Space Planning

Planners must strive for nimble building and design programs that anticipate the evolving needs of the academic library community - that is planning for emerging technologies, evolving library collections and delivery systems, potential future expansion, changing user demographics, etc. As noted previously, there are many crucial factors to be considered in planning library space:

Reusability (value consideration), flexibility (balance between order and chaos), portability (user control) and adaptability (recognition of constant change in the 21st century library)

Durability for 24/7 use in public areas. Check express warranties on products being considered

Conformance with the library program: How well does the FF&E mesh with the desired project outcomes? The Library program (outcomes) should drive the FF&E, not the other way around.

Patron characteristics: Is the space designed to encourage extended usage, or in-and-out? Size of work surfaces, seating type, creature comforts such as lockers and furniture cubbies will influence length of stay.

Ergonomic and ADA considerations

Security issues juxtaposed with privacy interests. A security based need which calls for open design will influence height of partitioning, design and degree of private study space, and private study area location and layout

Efficacy of design: Will the actual use reflect the intended use? Example: A small 4-person table may realistically seat only two.

Wayfinding and signage should be thoughtful and intentional

Many of the sites in the Precedents section (above) address library furnishings. Vendors are also available at the American Library Association Midwinter Meetings and Annual Conferences and are conveniently listed alphabetically and by category in those conference program guides.
Additional resources: ALA Library Fact Sheet 11 - Building Libraries and Library Additions: A Selected Annotated Bibliography: http://www.ala.org/tools/libfactsheets/alalibraryfactsheet11

Standards and Guidelines

ACRL receives many inquiries about numeric standards for academic library buildings. While there are no specific national quantitative standards, some qualitative standards are available from ACRL:
http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/standards/standardslibraries.cfm
Perhaps the most useful section of these standards for designers of library space includes the following questions:

Does the library provide well-planned, secure, and sufficient space to meet the perceived needs of staff and users?

Are building mechanical systems properly designed and maintained to control temperature and humidity at recommended levels?

What are the perceptions of users regarding the provision of conducive study spaces, including a sufficient number of seats and varied types of seating?

Is there enough space for current library collections and future growth of print resources?

Does the staff have sufficient workspace, and is it configured to promote efficient operations for current and future needs?

Does the library's signage facilitate use and navigation of the facilities?

Does the library provide ergonomic workstations for its users and staff?

Are electrical and network wiring sufficient to meet the needs associated with electronic access?

Does the library meet the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Safety and Security

Safety has become an issue of great importance in libraries in recent years. There are a number of resources to assist with safeguarding patrons, employees and property. In the 21st century this topic also extends to internet safety and security. Many libraries are establishing resource guides with in-depth information related to safety and security. An excellent example can be found at Wayne State University Library’s web site http://guides.lib.wayne.edu/safety_security which has an abundance of resource material. Other good examples are at Boston University Library and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

There are at least four subtopics to the general topic, which are: (1) precautions to protect patrons and staff against acts of violence; (2) safeguarding collection materials from theft/vandalism; (3) internet protection and (4) procedural safeguards and response plans for natural and man-made disasters.

This wiki will treat primarily subtopic 1, personal safety (patrons and staff) precautions against acts of violence, and subtopic 2, precautions to protect against theft, as these two aspects are what primarily affect patrons. Subtopic 3 is generally best treated in forums associated with IT, while subtopic 4 has a well-established body of literature referred to as disaster preparedness or disaster planning. A fifth topic, workplace safety, which deals with occupational safety hazards, is most commonly considered with employment issues.

For libraries that do not yet have a robust set of policies and procedures, one good way to get started is to first read a short general treatment of the subject with hints for addressing low-hanging fruit. An excellent treatment on library safety can be found with this short read by Steven Bell, in the September 2012 issue of Library Issues.
http://www.libraryissues.com/sub/PDF3301Sep2012.pdf . Warren Davis Graham’s Black Belt Librarian: Real World Safety & Security, published by ALA in 2012 is also a quick read.

A very useful and motivating step in establishing a security program in an academic library is to establish a set of web pages on the public side of the library’s web site with basic information on safety and security within the context of one’s parent institution. Examples include publishing a clear code of acceptable conduct with consequences for violations; links to campus safety resources such as police sponsored student escort services; routines to follow in reporting loss of property (i.e., lost and found and theft reports); pages giving applicable statutes prohibiting theft or mutilation of library materials; and/or pages noting special access procedures usually enforced for special collections. At a minimum every academic library should have a page with tips on personal safety and security. A good example, in addition to the above library links, can be found at the University of Georgia http://www.libs.uga.edu/adminservices/security/safety.html

Much has been written, spoken and sadly witnessed with “active shooter” situations in public buildings in recent years. Tips and videos on preparation and response to active shooter situations can be found at http://www.dhs.gov/active-shooter-preparedness

Note: The Committee wishes to thank Mr. Jonathan LeBreton, Senior Associate University Librarian, Temple University Libraries, for his valuable contributions and editing in the development of this page.

Boyden L. & Weiner J. (2001) For the public good: Sustainability demonstration in public library building projects [Electronic version]. Public Libraries, 40(6), 44-6.

Brown, B. (2003) The new green standard: With the LEED rating system in place it is easier to make sure your new library saves money as it treads lightly on natural resources [Electron Version]. Library Journal, 128(20), 61-4.

Seng, S.H. (2007) An eco-building, a healthy life, and good service: A new Century in public library architecture [Electronic version]. Public Libraries 46(4), 50-5.

Key Additional Resources

The Library Leadership and Management Association’s Buildings and Equipment Section (LLAMA BES) brings together librarians and design professionals to analyze, discuss, and share information related to academic, public, and school library buildings, equipment, and furnishings. Topics addressed include, but are not limited to: library site selection, building planning and architecture; library furniture and equipment; interior design; maintenance and security of buildings and property; and disaster recovery. LLAMA BES includes the Buildings for College and University Libraries Committee, which is specifically devoted to academic libraries. http://www.ala.org/llama/sections/bes