Interleukin Detection

Interleukins are a group of cytokines that were originally identified in white blood cells (leukocytes). It is now known that interleukins are expressed in a wide variety of cells and are involved in multiple cell-signaling pathways.

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) alpha and beta participate in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis. IL-1 beta also plays a role in memory functions and regulation of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. IL-1 beta is produced primarily in activated macrophages as an inactive precursor that is cleaved by caspase 1 to yield the active cytokine. It acts through two main receptors that also bind IL-1 alpha. Alternate names for IL-1 beta include catabolin, IL1B, and IL1F2.

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that mediates a range of biological functions, including the inflammatory response and the maturation of B cells. IL-6 acts on B cells, T cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells, and cells of the CNS. It is expressed at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, where it is secreted into the serum and binds the IL-6 receptor alpha. The IL-6 gene in humans is linked to many inflammation-associated disease states, including diabetes mellitus and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Studies have demonstrated that in humans IL-6 also acts as an endogenous pyrogen capable of inducing fever in people with autoimmune diseases or infections. Alternate names for IL-6 include interferon beta-2 (IFNB2), B-cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2), CTL differentiation factor (CDF), B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF2), B-cell differentiation factor, and hybridoma growth factor (HGF).

The Interleukin 2 receptor (also known as IL-2R) is a type I membrane protein that binds IL-2 and associates with JAK1. IL-2R is involved in signaling that affects T cell proliferation and is comprised of three subunits: alpha (CD25), beta (CD122), and gamma (CD132). Although the CD25 and CD122 subunits can each bind IL-2 as monomers, the heterodimer complex formed through association of these subunits has a faster association rate and a slower dissociation rate for IL-2 versus either subunit by itself. Once the CD25-CD122 dimer forms and binds IL-2, the CD132 subunit is recruited. Then, activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, the MAP kinase pathway, and the PI3K pathway can occur. IL-2R beta is also known as CD122, IL15RB, P75, and P70-75.

CD25 is expressed in activated T cells and B cells. CD25 expression is used as a marker to identify regulatory T cells (Tregs or CD4+CD25+ cells), cells that modulate the immune response and prevent autoimmunity. Increased CD25 expression in serum has been observed in patients with adult T cell leukemia and patients with malignant lymphoma.

ELISAs for Interleukin Detection

These products are solid-phase sandwich ELISAs using two antibodies that are highly specific to rat IL-1 beta or mouse IL-6 protein. One antibody is precoated on the ELISA plate and the other is HRP-conjugated. These kits can be used to measure soluble rat IL-1 beta or mouse IL-6 protein in serum, EDTA plasma, or cell culture supernatants.

Antibodies for CINC GRO Detection

The anti-rat IL-1 beta, rat IL-6, and human IL-8 antibodies are affinity-purified IgG antibodies that recognize rat IL-1 beta, rat IL-6, and human IL-8 proteins, respectively. The antibodies were raised in rabbit using a synthetic peptide and can be used for Western blot (WB) detection or immunohistochemical (IHC).

The anti-mouse CD122 monoclonal antibody (Cat. # 10399F) is an IL-2 receptor antibody that binds to the IL-2 receptor beta subunit and may be used for in vitro neutralization assays (NT) as well as inhibiting the association between IL-2 and IL-2R beta subunit in vivo.

The anti-human CD25 antibody products (Cat. # 10905A; # 10907A, B) are monoclonal antibodies raised in mouse and can be used to detect human CD25 cells by Western blot (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), and flow cytometry (FCM).

Additional Information

Please see a product's User Manual and Data Sheet for information about storage conditions, product components, and technical specifications. Please see the User Manual to determine kit components. User Manuals and Data Sheets are located under the Documents tab.