Health library

Measles

What is measles?

Measles is a viral illness characterized by a distinct rash and a fever. Spread through airborne droplets of nasal secretions, measles is very contagious. Once a common childhood disease, it is now rare due to effective immunizations in developed countries. Although usually a mild illness in children, measles can have serious complications and be fatal to children who are immunosuppressed.

What are the symptoms of the measles?

The measles usually begin with flu-like symptoms. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

fever

runny nose

sore eyes

cough

feeling ill

swollen lymph nodes

headache

In most cases, three to four days into the course of the disease, a red rash appears, covering the whole body. This rash fades after three days as symptoms subside.

The symptoms of measles may resemble other medical conditions. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

Complications commonly associated with measles:

The following are some complications that may occur from the measles:

ear and chest infections

diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

Treatment of the measles:

Specific treatment for the measles will be determined by your physician based on:

your overall health and medical history

extent of the condition

your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

expectations for the course of the condition

your opinion or preference

Although antibiotics will not treat the measles itself, it may be necessary to treat secondary infections. Usually plenty of fluids and acetaminophen for the fever help make the patient more comfortable.

Prevention of the measles:

Childhood vaccinations against measles (usually in combination with the mumps and rubella) provides immunity for most people. People who have had the measles are immune for life.

Infants under 8 months of age usually are safe from contracting the measles, because they have acquired some immunity from their mothers.

Infected individuals should take special care to avoid other people or public places for about a week after the onset of rash. This will help to prevent an outbreak.