* run unit tests, run the test the cursor is in, with a test runner of choice (django, pytest, …),

−

== rope & ropemacs ==

+

and of course

−

'''rope''' is a library for refactoring and manipulating Python code. '''{{ModeLink|ropemacs}}''' is an Emacs interface to the rope library.

+

* on-the-fly checks with flymake,

+

* code completion with company-mode and either rope or jedi,

+

* on the fly code helper with eldoc (and rope or jedi),

+

* code navigation,

+

* change of virtual environment inside Emacs (pyvenv), etc

−

[http://rope.sourceforge.net/ rope homepage]

+

=== EMP: EMacs Python ===

−

[http://rope.sourceforge.net/ropemacs.html ropemacs homepage]

+

The goal of '''emp''' is to take all the best development components available for Python, and combine it conveniently under Emacs. It builds on top of elpy, and provides even more bindings.

−

== Jedi ==

+

https://kootenpv.github.io/2016-01-01-emacs-python

+

+

=== Emacs-bootstrap ===

+

+

[http://emacs-bootstrap.com/ Emacs-bootstrap] is a website where you can select a few programming languages, some options, and have it generate a full .emacs.d folder for you.

+

+

== Refactoring ==

+

+

=== rope & ropemacs ===

+

+

==== Presentation ====

+

+

'''rope''' is a library for refactoring and manipulating Python code, '''pymacs''' is an interface between emacs lisp and python, and '''{{ModeLink|ropemacs}}''' is an Emacs interface to the rope library which uses rope and pymacs.

+

+

If you do some search and replace of code objects in your code and find it sometimes tricky, and/or you need to do it in more than one file, then you should consider a good tool of refactoring.

So an easy way is to use an [[el-get]] recipe: '''M-x el-get-install ropemacs'''. It installs and build Pymacs, rope and ropemacs. The difference from the solution using pip is that it setups the Emacs side of Pymacs correctly.

+

+

===== Manually =====

+

+

You can follow the instructions as given [http://stackoverflow.com/a/22496541/4018217 here] ,if you don't want to use marmalade you can use the following instructions .

+

+

sudo pip install rope ropemacs

+

+

As of February 2014 you can't install Pymacs via pip, therefore:

+

+

git clone http://github.com/pinard/pymacs

+

cd pymacs

+

make check

+

sudo make install

+

+

make check ensures the prerequisites. sudo make install puts Pymacs module in Python local modules path, usually /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/. People generally frown upon make install, because if you lose the Makefile, it can become hard to cleanly uninstall. But you shouldn't fear it, as pip uses the same directory, so pip uninstall pymacs will work.

+

+

'''After you do the make install of pymacs do not delete the folder.Copy the file pymacs.el to ~/.emacs.d/site-lisp/'''

+

+

Now add path of pyamcs.el to your ~/.emacs file,using this code:

+

(setq emacs-config-path "~/.emacs.d/")

+

(setq base-lisp-path "~/.emacs.d/site-lisp/")

+

(setq site-lisp-path (concat emacs-config-path "/site-lisp"))

+

(defun add-path (p)

+

(add-to-list 'load-path (concat base-lisp-path p)))

+

(add-path "")

+

(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d")

+

+

You can now lazily load ropemacs or load it at runtime.For lazy evaluation add this to your .emacs file:

+

(defun load-ropemacs ()

+

"Load pymacs and ropemacs"

+

(interactive)

+

(require 'pymacs)

+

(pymacs-load "ropemacs" "rope-")

+

;; Automatically save project python buffers before refactorings

+

(setq ropemacs-confirm-saving 'nil)

+

)

+

(global-set-key "\C-xpl" 'load-ropemacs)

+

+

use c-xpl to load ropemacs.Read more about it [https://github.com/python-rope/ropemacs#setting-up here]

+

+

=== Rope & traad ===

+

+

[https://github.com/abingham/traad Traad] is a client-server approach to using the rope Python refactory library. It involves two basic components:

+

* A HTTP server exposing the rope API via JSON, and

+

* Client libraries for talking to the server

+

Since rope is written in Python, any tool that wants to use rope needs to either embed Python, or it needs to find a way to communicate with a Python process running rope. The embedding approach is difficult if the target environment is not written in Python, and it also faces challenges when dealing with more than one Python version.

+

+

So traad aims to simplify communication with rope running in an independent process. HTTP communication and JSON data handling is well supported in many, many languages, so any environment that wants to use rope should be able to easily communicate with traad.

+

+

=== Projectile - replace in project ===

+

+

This is not specific to Python but is very helpful anyway. [[Projectile]] has a function '''projectile-replace''' which interactively offers to replace all occurrences of a term in all the files of the project. So it's handy to rename a method.

One can refactor code (with rope), format code, edit all the occurences of the symbol at point simultaneously, and fix imports.

+

+

== Auto-Completion ==

+

+

+

=== Jedi ===

Jedi.el is a Python auto-completion package for Emacs. It aims at helping your Python coding in a non-destructive way. It also helps you to find information about Python objects, such as docstring, function arguments and code location.

Jedi.el is a Python auto-completion package for Emacs. It aims at helping your Python coding in a non-destructive way. It also helps you to find information about Python objects, such as docstring, function arguments and code location.

−

Jedi is simple to install and it just works.

+

Jedi is simple to install and it works out of the box.

See screenshots and get the full documentation : http://tkf.github.io/emacs-jedi/released/

See screenshots and get the full documentation : http://tkf.github.io/emacs-jedi/released/

Line 39:

Line 146:

Jedi's official page: http://jedi.jedidjah.ch/en/latest/

Jedi's official page: http://jedi.jedidjah.ch/en/latest/

−

=== Installation ===

+

==== Installation ====

Install Jedi.el via el-get, Marmalade or MELPA (see install for more info) and add this to your Emacs configuration:

Install Jedi.el via el-get, Marmalade or MELPA (see install for more info) and add this to your Emacs configuration:

Line 48:

Line 155:

or call M-x jedi:setup

or call M-x jedi:setup

−

= Code Checker =

+

''Note'': it's nice to use it in a python interpreter inside emacs :)

+

+

=== Anaconda ===

+

+

'''Anaconda-mode''' is a mode for '''code navigation, documentation lookup''' and '''completion''' for Python.

+

+

It runs on '''emacs 24.3''' with python >= 2.6.

+

+

It provides:

+

+

* context-sensitive code completion for Python

+

* jump to definition

+

* find references

+

* view documentation

+

* virtualenv management

+

+

The package is available in [[MELPA]]. For more information, [https://github.com/proofit404/anaconda-mode read its documentation].

+

+

== Code Checker ==

−

== Flymake ==

+

=== Flymake ===

[[Flymake|flymake]] is a on-the-fly syntax checker for Emacs.

[[Flymake|flymake]] is a on-the-fly syntax checker for Emacs.

Line 59:

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Don't forget about '''pylint''' too.

Don't forget about '''pylint''' too.

−

= Indexing sources: ctags, cscope, pycscope =

+

== Indexing sources: ctags, cscope, pycscope ==

+

+

Indexing sources allows you to do neat things, like going to the definition of a function or finding which functions are calling another one.

−

== etags, ctags ==

+

=== etags, ctags ===

'''Etags''' (Exuberant Ctags) generates an index (or tag) file of language objects found in source files that allows these items to be quickly and easily located by a text editor or other utility. A tag signifies a language object for which an index entry is available (or, alternatively, the index entry created for that object). Etags is a multilingual implementation of '''ctags'''.

'''Etags''' (Exuberant Ctags) generates an index (or tag) file of language objects found in source files that allows these items to be quickly and easily located by a text editor or other utility. A tag signifies a language object for which an index entry is available (or, alternatively, the index entry created for that object). Etags is a multilingual implementation of '''ctags'''.

Line 67:

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The primary use for the tags files is looking up class/method/function/constant/etc declaration/definitions. Cscope is more powerful (see below).

The primary use for the tags files is looking up class/method/function/constant/etc declaration/definitions. Cscope is more powerful (see below).

−

=== usage ===

+

==== usage ====

Generate the tags with this command at the root of your project:

Generate the tags with this command at the root of your project:

Line 77:

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Note that projects like [[Projectile]] or [[Helm]] provide an integrated use of etags (finding one, re-generating the index, etc).

Note that projects like [[Projectile]] or [[Helm]] provide an integrated use of etags (finding one, re-generating the index, etc).

−

== cscope ==

+

=== cscope ===

'''cscope''' is a much more powerful beast. While it operates on more or less the same principle (generating a file of useful metadata) it allows you do some fancier things like find all references to a symbol, see where a function is being invoked, etc.+ (you can find definitions as well).

'''cscope''' is a much more powerful beast. While it operates on more or less the same principle (generating a file of useful metadata) it allows you do some fancier things like find all references to a symbol, see where a function is being invoked, etc.+ (you can find definitions as well).

Line 83:

Line 210:

It was originally designed for C and C++, but thanks to version 0.3 of '''pycscope''', pythonistas can make use of it.

It was originally designed for C and C++, but thanks to version 0.3 of '''pycscope''', pythonistas can make use of it.

−

=== usage ===

+

==== usage ====

The following commands should get you running:

The following commands should get you running:

Line 98:

Line 225:

When done, you can either enable the mode with '''cscope-minor-mode''' (which will add a menu you are free to explore) or call some functions like {{Command|cscope-find-global-definition}}, {{Command|cscope-find-functions-calling-this-function}}, etc.

When done, you can either enable the mode with '''cscope-minor-mode''' (which will add a menu you are free to explore) or call some functions like {{Command|cscope-find-global-definition}}, {{Command|cscope-find-functions-calling-this-function}}, etc.

−

= Debugging =

+

==== Interactivity with helm-cscope ====

+

+

You can do all that interactively with [https://github.com/sergey-pashaev/helm-cscope helm-cscope]: when you are on symbol, just call {{Command|helm-cscope-find-global-definition}} (for example) and enjoy the nice interactive interface.

+

+

== Running tests ==

+

+

Elpy has commands to run either all tests of the current buffer or only the test we are on. It supports launchers for '''Django''' (thus using "manage.py test"), '''pytest''' and '''nose'''. See http://elpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ide.html?highlight=django#testing

−

== Ipdb, ipython debugger ==

+

If you wish to modify the way it runs test, set the following variable:

* [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ipdb ipdb] to make use of ipython (aka jupyter)

+

+

=== Ipdb, ipython debugger ===

If you call ipdb, the execution will stop and give a nice ipython-looking prompt.

If you call ipdb, the execution will stop and give a nice ipython-looking prompt.

−

Just add `import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()`

+

Just add the line

+

+

import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()

+

+

Now you can use the usual commands: '''c''' to continue the execution, '''n''' to execute the next one, '''s''' to step into the next function call, '''l''' to list the source code, '''!''' to execute a statement in the current context, etc.

+

+

Note: You can use [[yasnippet]] to quickly enter this sentence, or just a simple function:

If you use emacs-for-python given above, you can track your source code while debugging with pdbtrack.

If you use emacs-for-python given above, you can track your source code while debugging with pdbtrack.

Line 122:

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A tool to use in a non-emacs terminal would be [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pdbpp/ pdbpp]

A tool to use in a non-emacs terminal would be [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pdbpp/ pdbpp]

−

= Other tools =

+

=== Realgud, a front end to many debuggers to stay in the source window ===

+

+

See [https://github.com/realgud/realgud Realgud]. The goal is to call the debugger from within emacs and manipulate it ('''c'''ontinue, '''n'''ext commands, setting breakpoints, etc) within the source window.

+

+

=== Redefine the code being run in the debugger session ===

+

+

The tip in [http://wenshanren.org/?p=351 this article] makes use of the pdb feature to execute code in the context of the current stack frame with the "!" command (which can actually be omitted. See [https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html the pdb doc]) and it uses an emacs package to make it much easier to write code blocks for the (i)pdb prompt (à la org-mode code blocks).

+

+

=== M-x compile and breakpoints ===

+

+

You may run your script from a real terminal, from emacs with M-x shell or with M-x compile. If you like the latter you'll notice that it hangs if you set breakpoints inside your code. The function below checks if your code has breakpoints and if so, it gives you the hand for the debugger prompt:

"Advises `compile' so it sets the argument COMINT to t if breakpoints are present in `python-mode' files"

+

(when (derived-mode-p major-mode 'python-mode)

+

(save-excursion

+

(save-match-data (goto-char (point-min))

+

(if (search-forward "ipdb.set_trace()"

+

(point-max)

+

t)

+

(progn (ad-set-arg 1 t)

+

(switch-to-buffer-other-window "*compilation*")))))))

+

</source>

+

Now just run '''M-x compile''' as usual.

+

+

== Documentation ==

+

+

=== Eldoc: argument list in the echo area ===

+

+

Eldoc is a MinorMode which shows you, in the echo area, the argument list of the function call you are currently writing. It works out of the box for elisp editing and for modes that implement its support, such as python-mode. You just have to call '''eldoc-mode'''.

−

== Pymacs ==

+

To always enable it:

+

+

(add-hook 'python-mode-hook 'eldoc-mode)

+

+

=== helm-pydoc ===

+

+

'''helm-pydoc''' is a little utility that lets you interactively select a module you want read the doc and displays it in another buffer.

+

+

=== pydoc linkification ===

+

+

If you've ever used the emacs lisp documentation system, you may find that the pydoc is poorer in functionnalities:

+

* there is no direct link to code source

+

* there is no "back" button

+

+

John Kitchin's pydoc aims at fixing that with more enhancements, like a bit of source fontification. See more at [http://kitchingroup.cheme.cmu.edu/blog/2014/12/20/A-new-mode-for-Python-documentation/ his presentation] and [https://github.com/jkitchin/jmax/blob/master/pydoc.el on github].

+

+

=== info format ===

+

+

Another way to read the python documentation is in the texinfo format. You'll need to install the package '''python-info''' [http://melpa.org/#/python-info on MELPA] and go through [https://bitbucket.org/jonwaltman/pydoc-info/ the installation process].

+

+

== Other tools ==

+

+

=== Virtual environments ===

+

+

Some tools allow to apply the changes of virtual environment activation inside emacs. They make '''M-x compile''' aware of the environment, etc.

+

+

* [https://github.com/porterjamesj/virtualenvwrapper.el virtualenvwrapper] emulates much of the functionnality of '''virtualenvwrapper''', integrates well with '''M-x shell''' or '''eshell''', is aware of hooks, has an automatic activation by project and integrates in the mode line.

So an easy way is to use an el-get recipe: M-x el-get-install ropemacs. It installs and build Pymacs, rope and ropemacs. The difference from the solution using pip is that it setups the Emacs side of Pymacs correctly.

make check ensures the prerequisites. sudo make install puts Pymacs module in Python local modules path, usually /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/. People generally frown upon make install, because if you lose the Makefile, it can become hard to cleanly uninstall. But you shouldn't fear it, as pip uses the same directory, so pip uninstall pymacs will work.

After you do the make install of pymacs do not delete the folder.Copy the file pymacs.el to ~/.emacs.d/site-lisp/

Traad is a client-server approach to using the rope Python refactory library. It involves two basic components:

A HTTP server exposing the rope API via JSON, and

Client libraries for talking to the server

Since rope is written in Python, any tool that wants to use rope needs to either embed Python, or it needs to find a way to communicate with a Python process running rope. The embedding approach is difficult if the target environment is not written in Python, and it also faces challenges when dealing with more than one Python version.

So traad aims to simplify communication with rope running in an independent process. HTTP communication and JSON data handling is well supported in many, many languages, so any environment that wants to use rope should be able to easily communicate with traad.

This is not specific to Python but is very helpful anyway. Projectile has a function projectile-replace which interactively offers to replace all occurrences of a term in all the files of the project. So it's handy to rename a method.

Jedi.el is a Python auto-completion package for Emacs. It aims at helping your Python coding in a non-destructive way. It also helps you to find information about Python objects, such as docstring, function arguments and code location.

Etags (Exuberant Ctags) generates an index (or tag) file of language objects found in source files that allows these items to be quickly and easily located by a text editor or other utility. A tag signifies a language object for which an index entry is available (or, alternatively, the index entry created for that object). Etags is a multilingual implementation of ctags.

The primary use for the tags files is looking up class/method/function/constant/etc declaration/definitions. Cscope is more powerful (see below).

cscope is a much more powerful beast. While it operates on more or less the same principle (generating a file of useful metadata) it allows you do some fancier things like find all references to a symbol, see where a function is being invoked, etc.+ (you can find definitions as well).

It was originally designed for C and C++, but thanks to version 0.3 of pycscope, pythonistas can make use of it.

When done, you can either enable the mode with cscope-minor-mode (which will add a menu you are free to explore) or call some functions like M-x cscope-find-global-definition, M-x cscope-find-functions-calling-this-function, etc.

If you call ipdb, the execution will stop and give a nice ipython-looking prompt.
Just add the line

import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()

Now you can use the usual commands: c to continue the execution, n to execute the next one, s to step into the next function call, l to list the source code, ! to execute a statement in the current context, etc.

Note: You can use yasnippet to quickly enter this sentence, or just a simple function:

The tip in this article makes use of the pdb feature to execute code in the context of the current stack frame with the "!" command (which can actually be omitted. See the pdb doc) and it uses an emacs package to make it much easier to write code blocks for the (i)pdb prompt (à la org-mode code blocks).

You may run your script from a real terminal, from emacs with M-x shell or with M-x compile. If you like the latter you'll notice that it hangs if you set breakpoints inside your code. The function below checks if your code has breakpoints and if so, it gives you the hand for the debugger prompt:

Eldoc is a MinorMode which shows you, in the echo area, the argument list of the function call you are currently writing. It works out of the box for elisp editing and for modes that implement its support, such as python-mode. You just have to call eldoc-mode.

Some tools allow to apply the changes of virtual environment activation inside emacs. They make M-x compile aware of the environment, etc.

virtualenvwrapper emulates much of the functionnality of virtualenvwrapper, integrates well with M-x shell or eshell, is aware of hooks, has an automatic activation by project and integrates in the mode line.