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Welcome to the David Victor Vector blog. This is blog that covers religious observances around the world international affairs and global business. This blog describes religious holidays for most major religions as well as raising issues dealing with globalization, international business ethics, cross-cultural business communication and political events affecting business in an integrated world economy. I look forward your discussion and commentary on these articles and subjects. Enjoy!

Monday, January 13, 2014

Friday, January 31 marks the start of the Asian Lunar New Year or Chinese New Year. It is the beginning of the year 4711 (in some traditions, 4712) in the Chinese system, which is the Year of the Wooden Horse

This post is one of a series of four posts discussing the Asian Lunar New Year in general and the Year of the Horse in particular. In this blog, though, we will look at some of the business impact of the event.

For this post, though, we will limit the subject ot the business impact of the Year of the Horse.

Business Impact

World's Busiest Travel Day -- The Asian New Year

Over 3.45 billion trips were made in the PRC in 2013during the Chinese New Year season

The Asian New Year is arguably the most widely celebrated holidays on the planet, whatever the year. Because the celebration generally means that families gather together, the holiday is annually the single busiest travel day. The great movement of people is known in Chinese as Chunyun or the "Spring Movement."

In the PRC alone, during 2013's Chinese New Year season, the nation recorded 3.42 billion trips representing more than three trips per person during a 12-day period. This number has been steadily rising. In 2011, a mere 2.556 billion passenger trips took place. In 2012, there were 3.2 billion trips during the Chinese New Year and in 2013, there were 3.42 billion. This year, 2014, the Chinese government for the first time since 2007 has not included the eve of Chinese New Year as an official holiday. Because Chinese New Year Eve is a time of eating together as an extended family (a sort of parallel can be found in the USA's Thanksgiving), this has resulted in widespread dissatisfaction. A poll by China's Sina Weibo (the microblog firm that is a sort of Chinese counterpart to Twitter), nearly 89% of respondents indicated that they were unsatisfied with the decision not to include Chinese New Year Eve as an official holiday. The result of this will be that the official start of the season will fall on Lunar New Year's Day itself -- January 31 -- and end on February 6. That said, the actual travel rush unofficially begins about 15 days ahead of time, so the travel will begin to spike as early as January 15. People return home over a greater spread, meaning that while the season actually ends after one week, return trips spread over the next 20-25 or so days.

Wuhan train station during Chunun travel rush

In practical terms, this will mean that the travel crush will be even more compressed with one less travel day. The Chinese Ministry of Transport estimates that 3.2 billion of the trips will made by road this year, up slight from 3.1 billion in 2013. The road traffic annually clogs the traffic ways of the country and seriously affects the supply chain for business as well as demand for fuel, hotel space, and restaurants. The Chinese Ministry of Transport estimates an increase in water transport as well. They estimate that there will be 43 million boat trips in 2014, an increase of 1.1% from 2013.China will agaiin employ 900,000 buses over the period, averaging 80 million passengers a day. In addition to regularly scheduled trains and planes, a further 700 trains and 14,000 extra flights have been scheduled during the travel crush.

Chinese New Year ticket buyers at Harbin train stationIn 2013, tickets to most Chinese cities sold out in 20 seconds

The demand for tickets for rail is particularly high. For example, last year on January 15 alone -- the first day that tickets were open for sale for the Chinese New Year -- China Rail service sold over 300,000 tickets. All seats on routes to China's major cities sold out in approximately 20 seconds. The PRC government estimates that on two of these days alone -- February 6 and 7 -- 980,000 people used the train service in China. This is equivalent to over three times the entire population of the United States.

Precious Metal Coins and Stamps for the Year of the Horse

Traditional Issuers

Singapore Mint setfor Year of the Horse

Also affected by the Year of the Horse is the demand for precious metals. Since the Lunar New Year is a time of gift-giving, many governments issue precious metal collectors' coins.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore, for instance, annually issues a series of Lunar New Year coins, with nine version available for the Year of the Horse ranging from a 20-gram copper-nickel version to a 5 troy ounce, 999.9 fine gold coin. All nine versions bear the same image of a running horse, a peony (symbol of blessing and good fortune) and appropriate Chinese characters.

Singapore "puzzle set" Lunar New Year coin

For the first time this year, Singapore will also be introducing a "puzzle set" coin made of 999 fine silver. The "puzzle set" consists of a central peony to which interlock the twelve zodiac animals with images from the previous zodiac series.

Perth Mint of Australia's Year of the Horse gold coin with colored highlights

The Perth Mint of Australia for the Year of the Horse has issued a 99.9% pure gold coin, a 99.9% pure silver coin, as well as a gold coin with colored highlights, a silver coin with colored highlights and a silver coin with a golden horse. In all coins, the obverse side depicts Queen Elizabeth II.

Fiji Year of the Horse coin with central red pearl

The government of Fiji has also issued a Year of the Horse commemorative coin enhanced by gemstone, it this case a silver coin with three 24-karat gold horses racing around a central red pearl (symbolizing the red pearl of wisdom). Fiji also has issued a silver coin with a filigree stylized modern art horse image and a yin-yang interlocking silver coin featuring a colorized horse at its center.

The Canadian government has issued six new Year of the Horse coins in its Lunar New Year series. These range from a 1/2 ounce silver coin to a 1 kilogram 99.9% pure gold coin (with a face-value alone of CAN $2500.00).

Royal Canadian Mint's Year of the Horse coin series

In addition to those of Singapore, Australia, Fiji and Canada, special Year of the Horse gold coins have been issued (as in years past) by the People's Bank of China, the Japan Mint, the New Zealand Mint, the French Monnaie de Paris, the Mint of Laos, the National Bank of Ukraine, the Mint of Kazakhstan, the Macau Mint, the Mint of the British Virgin Islands and the Mints of the tiny Pacific nations of Niue, of Tuvalu, and of the Cook Islands as well as the New Zealand protectorate of Tokelau. By contrast, neither Finland nor North Korea issued commemorative coins this year, although did so last year for the Year of the Snake.New Coin IssuersFinally, five new nations have struck commemorative Lunar New Year coins for the first time in 2014. These are the United Kingdom, Belarus, and Rwanda as well as the small Pacific island nation of Palau and the semi-autonomous republic of Trans-Dneister. Three of these are featured here.

The Year of the Horse, 2014 Royal Mint Lunar New Yearcoin is the UK's first-ever such commemorative issue

This year is the first in which the Royal Mint of the United Kingdom has issued commemorative Lunar New Year coins. The Royal Mint has indicated that this will become an annual issuance from now on. The coins come in various denominations of silver and gold proof. The Year of the Horse coin features Queen Elizabeth on the obverse and a front design by the Chinese-British artist Wuon-Gean Ho which combines a modern horse running over the image of the pre-historic Uffington Horse carved into the chalk hills of Oxfordshire.Rwanda's entry into the Lunar New Year coin field features three silver versions with pavé work over three-dimensional horse images. This marks the first such commemorative series to come from and African nation.

Rwanda's Year of the Horse coin, 2014is he first ever from an African nation

The Belarus coin comes in one denomination only: 92.5% pure silver. The coin features both a horse and the working of a clock, enhanced with Swarovski crystal with Cyrllic and Chinese writing.

Belarus' first Lunar New Year coin, 201

Postage Stamps

Issuing Lunar New Year commemorative postage stamps has become an annual tradition in many countries, and an entire philatelic tradition of collecting these special issues has a wide following both in and outside of Asia.

The United States is a relative newcomer to the Lunar New Year stamps, with the Year of the Snake stamp for 2014 the seventh it has issued. This year's Year of the Horse US stamp is a "Forever" stamp (to accommodate postal rate increases). It features traditional Chinese New Year drums with drumsticks painted red (the color of luck) and decorated with peonies (for blessing and good fortune). The Year of the Horse is acknowledged through a paper-cut horse by Chinese American folk artist Clarence Lee and the character for “Horse,” done in grass-style by calligrapher Lau Bun (both of whose work has decorated all six of the previous Lunar New Year USPS stamps).

Canada Post's domestic stampfor the Year of the Horse

Canada Post traditional issues a pair of stamps for each lunar new year, one for domestic and one for international use. This year's domestic stamp features a domestic stamp with a red horse and the international stamp a gold foil embossed horse. Both are on a white background with "Year of the Horse" written in French, English and Chinese, and both were designed by the Montreal-based Paprika Graphic Design firm.

China Post stampYear of the Horse, 2014

The People's Republic of China's Year of the Horse China Post stamp for 2014 features a Tang dynasty white porcelain horse decorated with the peonies of good fortune..

Liechtenstein's Year of the Horse
laser-cut horse-shaped stamp sheet

One of the most elaborate stamp issues for the 2014 Year of the Horse is that of Liechtenstein. The stamp is an intricate silhouette cut using a laser. Additionally, the stamp comes on a sheet of four in which the sheet itself is shaped liked a horse.

Because the Lunar New Year is a time of gift-giving, many companies have introduced Year of the Horse items for that purposed.

Rolls Royce Ghostwith Horse on glovebox

At the highest end of the market, the British luxury carmaker Rolls Royce released a new Year of the Horse commemorative automobile in its Ghost line. The car features horse imagery subtly on its exterior near the front door, and more prominently featured on its leather interior and wooden dashboard.

Vacheron Constantin Métiers d’Art Year of the Horse watches

The Swiss luxury watchmaker Vacheron Constantin released a Year of the Horse watch in its Métiers d’Art Collection. The watches come in either platinum or rose gold, in an issue of only 24 watches. The Italian watchmaker Panerai Luminor Sealand also has released a Year of the Horse watch, though with a limited edition of just 100 units. The watch features a flip-cover lid with an elaborate golden horse decoration. Other luxury watchmakers with Year of the Horse designs include Chopard, Ulysses Nardin, Jacquet Droz and Piaget. Other Year of the Snake jewelry special releases from top luxury jewelry lines include Boucheron, Hermes, and Lugano Diamonds. All of these are high-priced pieces ranging in cost from just over US$1000 to approximately US$50,000.

Swatch Year of the Horse watch

Additionally, on the more affordable side, both the Swiss company Swatch and the US jewelry line Heidi Daus have introduced Year of the Horse watches as well. Other fine jewelry from somewhat less exclusive lines are featured by Tiffany's and Juicy Couture.

The Italian designer Gucci is introducing a bright-red "China exclusive" bags with equestrian-inspired clasps for the Year of the Horse. Designer Carolina Herrera has also introduced a bag in red (the New Year color) with a gold equine design. Along the same lines, the French luxury goods maker Longchamp has issued a handbag for the Year of the Horse featuring a golden horse racing onto a red leather hand bag. Stussy Japan, in turn, has jointly released with Japan's JAM Home Made Products a horse-themed wallet, clutch and bracelet series for the Year of the Horse. Fiinally, at the more economically-priced end of the market, the US retailer Bloomingdale's has introduced its own Year of the Horse tote bag.

In clothing, the US-based DKNY is offering a 16-piece Year of the Horse collection including dresses, designer tops and a purse. Italy's Armani (through Armani Exchange) on a smaller level has issued a men's and a women's Year of the Horse designer T-shirts.

Some of DKNY's Year of the Horse 16-piece collection

EVISU's Year of the Horse jeans

The Japanese jeans maker EVISU has introduced a Year of the Horse 500-pair limited edition set of high-end jeans. These feature riding features and horse-themed designs, such as a horse on the coin pocket.

Cross Year of the Horse pen

Smaller items that are regularly given as gifts are also themed with Year of the Horse motifs. Along this line, the US pen maker Cross has issued a highly detailed Year of the Horse red (the New Year color) pen set with a horse motif engraved in 23 karat gold.

Montegrappa Year of the Horse pen

On the higher end of the writing utensil market, the Italian luxury pen company Montegrappa is offering a limited edition of Year of the Horse pens with either a silver horsehead clip or a gold equine themed overlay.

S. T. Dupont Year of the Horse lighter

At the highest end of the pen gift entries is $16,000 golden horsehead fountain pen from the French luxury goods maker S. T. Dupont. The company also offers a gold horse cigarette lighter for $13,900. The US cigarmaker Davidoff has introduced a string of Year of the Horse cigar accessories. These include limited horse-themed issues of humidors, cigar cutters, ashtrays, cigar cases and lighters. All of these accompany its debut of its newest cigar brand: the Horse Gran Toro cigar.

Moleskine and Shanghai Tang'sYear of the Horse notebook

Similarly, the Italian designer notebook company Moleskine has once again teamed up with the Chinese fashion firm Shanghai Tang to issue another in its Chinese Zodiac Feng Shui diaries and notebooks. Their Year of the Horse Feng Shui diary and notebooks features a pattern of horses over a traditional Song Dynasty tangram puzzle pattern.

Nike's Year of the HorseFlightposite shoe

Several sportswear makers have released Year of the Horse shoes and sportswear outfits. Converse, Adidas, New Balance, Reebok, Puma and Nike have all issued Year of the Horse shoes. For Nike, this year represents the beginning of its second Zodiac cycle, having completed its first 12-year cycle with last year's Year of the Snake release.

Estee Lauder'sYear of the Horsecosmetics case

In another range of products, the US-based Clarisonic is offering a Year of the Horse Plus Sonic Skin Cleansing system. Similarly, both Australia's Eles Cosmetics and the US-based Mon Ennui Cosmetics are offering a limited edition Year of the Horse influenced cosmetics line. Likewise, the US-based Estee Lauder has released a Year of the Horse cosmetics case.

Diageo's limited editionWhite Horse Gold Edition 1890 Scotch

Finally, several more consumable items have been released in special Year of the Horse limited editions. The Belgian-based Godiva, for instance, sells chocolates in Year of the Horse gift boxes. The UK-based Diageo has released a limited edition White Horse Gold Edition 1890 blended Scotch Whiskey available only to international travelers and then only between January and June 2014.

These represent just some of the Year of the Horseproducts that will come out in honor of the Lunar New Year. If you have others, please do add them in the comments to this blog.

Political and Business Behavioral Impact

Because so many people believe in the influence of the zodiac sign, it has an effect on how people approach business and politics. People are influenced by whether or not they are born under the sign (making it propitious or not). In year's past (for example, the Year of the Dragon), people plan to have children as a propitious year is indicated or hold off having children if it is a less fortunate time.

Korean President Park Geun-Hye

This influence is even seen in the political spectrum. As one of many examples, South Korea's President Park Geun-Hye addressed her nation in her first speech of 2014 with a reference to the Year of the Horse, opening with the words:

President Park's reference to the Lunar New Year is typical of East Asian leaders at this time of the year.

China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi similarly referred to the Year of the Horse in an address to foreign journalists on the coming new year, concluding his speech with

The Chinese New Year of the Horse is around the corner. In Chinese tradition, the "horse" symbolizes diligence and progress. In the upcoming year, we will continue to advance reform and opening-up and open a new prospect for China's diplomacy. I look forward to your continued support and assistance! http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt/zyjh/t1110231.shtml

This, in other words, not an isolated oddity. Nor are such references limited just to this year. For example, last year in a press conference on January 6, 2013, Japan's (at that time) new Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said:

We want a rocketlike start toward economic recovery...The Year of the Snake symbolizes prosperous business. This administration will unite to boost the economy.

Sunday, January 12, 2014

This is the fourth and final post on the Asian Lunar New Year which begins a week from tomorrow on Tuesday January 31.Today’s post first indicates where the Lunar New Year is an official state holiday. The post then goes on to share the wide range of events taking place outside of those countries. The listing here gives 145 major celebrations (parades, galas or other celebrations) for the Year of the Horse in 26 countries beyond where it is officially part of the tradition. Of these, 55 are in the United States, 23 in Canada,18 in the United Kingdom, 13 in Australia, and 8 in France with the others spread across the globe.

That said, you may also be interested in reading three related posts on

The Asian Lunar New Year is a public holiday with varying lengths in several countries.

Many Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Bhutanese and Mongolian communities unofficially are closed for the entire New Year’s week (including the preceding or following weekends in many cases). The dates of observance for Tet in Vietnam and Seol in Korea may extend well beyond the official dates as well, especially in rural areas. This somewhat parallels the slowing or shutting down of work and school for Christmas in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas.

OFFICIAL STATE HOLIDAYS

The Asian New Year in various countries is officially recognized by the state in 15 countries, as follows:

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Bhutan

Bhutan: Officially off for Losar but the dates are not officially specified. As some festivities last up to 15 days, this means that the time when things are open or closed is somewhat unclear for about two weeks.

﻿

Brunei

Brunei: The first Day of Lunar New Year is an official holiday. If that date lands on a Friday (the Islamic day off), the official observance is moved to the next day on Saturday. It is significant that the Chinese and Vietnamese in Brunei are only a minority, but the state still recognizes the first day of the Asian New Year as a sign of respect to an important minority population.

Christmas Island

Christmas Island: Christmas Island is a territory of Australia, and not a full country. Still, since (unlike Australia), the territory recognizes the first two days of the Lunar New Year as an official holiday, it is listed here. If the holiday falls on a Sunday (the Christian day off), it is extended until the following Tuesday.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong: Though technically part of the PRC, Hong Kong has considerable autonomous control. The first three days of the Chinese New Year are official holidays. This is one day longer than on the Mainland.

Indonesia

Indonesia: The first day of the Lunar New Year is a holiday. It is significant that the Chinese and Vietnamese in Indonesia are only a minority, but the state still recognizes the first day of the Asian New Year as a sign of respect to an important minority population.

Macau

Macau: Macau, like Hong Kong, is technically part of the PRC, but has considerable autonomous control. As with Hong Kong, the first three days of the Chinese New Year are official holidays. This is one day longer than on the Mainland.

Malaysia

Malaysia: The Chinese are Malaysia's largest minority and a major part of the overall society. As a sign of respect to that minority, Malaysia recognizes the first two days of Lunar New Year as official holidays.

Mongolia: Bituun (New Year's Eve) and first three days of Tsagaan Sar are official holidays.

Mongolia

Mauritius: Mauritius is the only nation in Africa to recognize the Lunar New Year as an official state holiday.

North Korea

North Korea: The first day of Seol is an official holiday.

The Philippines

The Philippines: The first day of the Lunar New Year is a holiday, although the Chinese community is a minority within the country.

PRC

People's Republic of China: New Year’s Eve and the first two days of the New Year are holidays in the PRC. That said, the government usually officially makes the New Year a seven-day holiday. By doing so, the Chinese may have the days off but are then required to work during either the preceding or following weekend (or another weekend if agreed upon). Businesses and schools, in turn, consider the two weekend days as being the weekdays that were missed. While this clarifies issues such as overtime pay or extra school days, this nonetheless makes predicting when something is actually shut down or open very difficult at this time of year.

Note also that Hong Kong, Macau and Tibet all are part of the PRC but have different Lunar New Year official times off (as noted elsewhere in this list).

Taiwan

Taiwan: In Taiwan the Lunar New Year’s Eve and the first three days of the Chinese New Year are official days off. Additionally, the fifth day of the Chinese New Year is an official day off for the Dragon Boat Festival (or Duan Wu Festival). This effectively makes the fourth day of the New Year an unofficial day off.

Tibet

Tibet: Although Tibet is part of the PRC, Losar is officially recognized as a holiday for the first seven days of the Lunar New Year. This is done as a recognition of the cultural traditions of the Tibetan ethnic minority.

Singapore

Singapore: Singapore recognizes the first two days of the Lunar New Year as official days off. Approximately 74% of Singapore's population is Chinese in ethnicity.

South Korea

South Korea: The first three days of Seol are officially recognized as a state holiday.

Vietnam

Vietnam: The last two days of old year and first three days of Tet are officially recognized as state holidays.

Year of the Horse Celebrations Around the Globe

﻿﻿

Of course, many of the most important parades and celebrations for Chinese New Year, as one would expect, taking place in China, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore and Taiwan. Similarly, Losar celebrations take place in Bhutan and Tibet; Tet celebrations in Vietnam, Seol celebrations in Korea and so on.

The emphasis here, though, is to show how widespread observances for the Asian Lunar New Year have become throughout the world and to encourage you to consider attending one of these if you live nearby.

Manila's Chinese New Year Parade begins in Binondo. The oldest Chinatown in the world, Binondo was already well established as a trade center when the Spanish arrived in 1521, and remainsan active center of Filipino Chinese commerce and culture to this day.

There are undoubtedly many celebrations that I have overlooked here. Please do let me know events that you know about and share them on this blog if you would like to do so before the New Year begins. Also, I will try to include them next year.

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About Me

David A. Victor, Ph.D. is a business professor, author and consultant. He is Director of International Business Programs at the Eastern Michigan University College of Business where he is also a tenured Full Professor of Management. He teaches courses in business communication, business ethics, international business ethics, international business, and international management. Dr Victor’s book International Business Communication (Harper Collins, 1992) was the first book published on the subject in the United States. Dr. Victor is also a business consultant and co-founder of the non-profit organization One Village One World.

More About David Victor's Academic Experience

I teach at the Eastern Michigan University College of Business I am also editor of the Global Advances in Business Communication. http://commons.emich.edu/gabc/

Among other subjects, I teach Managing World Business Communication, Fundamentals of Global Business, international business ethics, international business, Business Ethics/CSR, and International Management as well as a series of "Doing Business In..." seminars for business in specific countries and regions. My course at EMU in Managing World Business Communication first designed and taught nearly 20 years ago was among the first regularly taught on cross-cultural business communication in an AACSB-accredited school.

From 1996-1997, I was President of the Association for Business Communication and helped to establish the European and the Asia/Pacific regions of that organization. In 2010, I was honored to have won the Meada Gibbs Outstanding Teaching Award, an international prize given by the Association for Business Communication. Over the years, I have received 6 grants from a variety of sources including the US Department of Education and the Federal Government of Canada. .

In 1992, I was the first recipient of the Distinguished Visiting Foreign Professorship (Graduate Level) of the InstitutoTecnologico y EstudiosSuperiores de Monterrey. I was also a Visiting Professor at the University of Antwerp in Belgium in 2008 and at the Universidade do Caxias do Sul in Brazil in 2010. I also hold classes for Saint Mary's of California's TransGlobal Executive MBA students.

About David Victor’s Consulting Experience

I have consulted since the mid-1980’s, mostly in the area of international business communication, expatriate relocation and diversity management for a range of clients including school systems, hospital networks and city and state governments as well as a wide range of companies working domestically in the United States as well as in Canada, Mexico, East Asia and Europe. I have consulted and run programs for over 150 companies and organizations, ranging from Fortune 500 companies to the state governments of Idaho, Iowa and Michigan, the American Bar Association and the US Army as well as several city governments and health systems in the US and abroad.