Overall, our general approach is to take advantage of the unique properties of bats – their temporally-discrete sensory system (sonar) and excellent vision, and their 3D flight abilities – in order to ask general questions in Systems Neuroscience; particularly questions that are difficult to address in rodents. Our long-term vision is to develop a "Natural Neuroscience" approach for studying the neural basis of behavior – tapping into the animal's natural behaviors in complex, large-scale, naturalistic settings – while not compromising on rigorous experimental control. We firmly believe that pursuing such an approach will lead to novel and surprising insights about the Brain.