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How Much Do You Know about Dialysis?

The kidney's main job is to get rid of extra fluid and waste material in your blood. Kidneys harmed by disease, injury, or
birth defects lose their filtering ability. This lets dangerous levels of fluid and waste build up. This is known as kidney
or renal failure (end-stage renal disease). A person with kidney failure needs dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive.
Learn more about dialysis by taking this quiz. It is based on information from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Hemodialysis uses a machine to clean and filter your blood. The procedure also helps control blood pressure. And it helps
your body keep the proper balance of chemicals like potassium, sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate, the NIDDK says.

A. Extra proteinB. Extra saltC. Extra waterD. Extra insulinE. B and C

2. What is the filter called that acts as an artificial kidney in hemodialysis?

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During treatment, the blood travels through tubes to the dialyzer. This filters out wastes and extra water, the NIDDK says.
The cleaned blood then flows through another set of tubes back to the body. Before a person begins hemodialysis, he or she
must have surgery to create an access to the bloodstream. This access gives an efficient way for blood to be carried from
your body to the dialysis machine and back without causing discomfort. The access can be a graft that connects an artery to
a vein using a synthetic tube. Or it can be a fistula made by connecting an artery directly to a vein, usually in the forearm.

A. DialyzerB. HemolyzerC. NephrolyzerD. None of the above

3. How often must hemodialysis be done?

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Each treatment lasts at least 3 hours. People undergoing dialysis must stay near the dialyzer. But they can read, watch TV,
talk, or doze during treatment.

A. Every dayB. Once a weekC. Twice a weekD. 3 times a week

4. Where is hemodialysis usually done?

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Although hemodialysis is usually done at a dialysis center with specially trained staff. It also can be done at home, with
a partner's help. The person undergoing dialysis and the partner both need special training.

A. Dialysis centerB. HospitalC. HomeD. A and C

5. What is a common side effect for hemodialysis?

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These side effects usually are caused by rapid changes in the body's water level and chemical balance during a hemodialysis
treatment, the NIDDK says. It usually takes several months to adjust to the treatment. To help avoid side effects, you should
follow a proper diet, limit liquids, and take any medicines as prescribed.

A. Muscle crampsB. DizzinessC. NauseaD. WeaknessE. All of the above

6. Which dietary mineral must be limited for a person on hemodialysis?

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Kidneys keep minerals in balance by working at it nonstop. When a person uses dialysis to restore this balance, he or she
must limit the amounts of some minerals, the NIDDK says. Potassium in the right amount keeps the heart beating at a steady
rate. Potassium levels can rise between dialysis treatments and affect heartbeat. Eating too much potassium can be dangerous,
even fatal. This mineral is found in salt substitutes, bananas, oranges, vegetables, chocolate, and nuts. A person on hemodialysis
also must avoid sodium, which is found in salt and many canned and frozen prepared foods. Too much sodium can make you thirsty.
But if you drink more fluid, your heart has to work harder to pump the fluid through your body. Phosphorus, a mineral found
in many foods, can pull calcium from your bones if too much of it is in your blood. Losing calcium will weaken your bones,
making them more likely to break. Too much phosphorus also can make your skin itch.

A. PotassiumB. IronC. ZincD. Molybdenum

7. Another way to clean the blood is called peritoneal dialysis. Which part of the body acts as a filter for this method?

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The lining is called the peritoneal membrane. It acts as the artificial kidney in this method. A dialysis solution of minerals
and sugar enters the abdomen through a soft tube that has been placed surgically. The sugar, called dextrose, draws out wastes,
chemicals, and extra water from the tiny blood vessels in the peritoneal membrane, the NIDDK says. After several hours, the
solution is drained back out from the abdomen through the tube. The abdomen is then filled with fresh dialysis solution, and
the cycle is repeated. Each cycle is called an exchange. There are 3 types of peritoneal dialysis. One type (continuous ambulatory
peritoneal dialysis) needs no machine and is done several times during the day. Continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis
uses a machine. It is usually done at night while the person sleeps. The third is a combination of the two.

A. The lining of the stomachB. The lining of the intestinesC. The lining of the lungsD. The lining of the abdomen

8. What is a common problem with peritoneal dialysis?

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This can happen if the place where the catheter enters the body becomes infected. The infection is called peritonitis and
must be treated right away with antibiotics.

A. NauseaB. InsomniaC. Abdominal infectionD. Respiratory problems

9. How does the diet for someone on peritoneal dialysis differ from the one for hemodialysis?

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The diet for peritoneal dialysis requires more protein. The limits on potassium may be different. And more salt and liquids
may be allowed than for a person on hemodialysis. Because of the calories in the dialysis fluid, the number of calories eaten
may be more limited. A dietitian who specializes in helping people with kidney failure can help in planning meals, the NIDDK
says.

A. It requires more caloriesB. It requires more calciumC. It requires less proteinD. None of the above