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Abstract

Substrates for organic photoconductors (OPC) are usually coated with an undercoat layer (UCL). The UCL functions as an electron transporting, hole blocking layer. The UCL must also be capable of preventing low humidity cycle-down and help control charge deficient spots (CDS). Additional functions of the UCL include improved print quality, ensuring environmental insensitivity, and cyclic stability, as well as masking of substrate defects.
This invention disclosure describes the use of electron transport co-polymers as a unique single-phase, non-particulate UCL.

Country

United States

Language

English (United States)

This text was extracted from a Microsoft Word document.

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This is the abbreviated version, containing approximately
35% of the total text.

Substrates for organic
photoconductors (OPC) are usually coated with an undercoat layer (UCL). The UCL functions as an electron
transporting, hole blocking layer. The
UCL must also be capable of preventing low humidity cycle-down and help control
charge deficient spots (CDS). Additional
functions of the UCL include improved print quality, ensuring environmental
insensitivity, and cyclic stability, as well as masking of substrate defects. Current OPC are manufactured with UCL
produced by dispersing a metal oxide (eg. TiO2) in a polymeric binder. Costly processing as well as dispersion quality control & stability
disadvantage dispersed systems. For
example, non-homogeneity of the dispersed the oxide particles within the
binder matrix may give rise
to electrical non-uniformity in the device.

Poor dispersion quality may also result in
incomplete coverage of the substrate, leading to pin holes, which produce CDS. There are efforts currently underway to
develop non-dispersed UCLs such as those based on poly(vinylbenzoyl
alcohol) (PVBA) and titanium isopropoxide (TIP). However, some of the major problems
associated with these non-dispersed UCLs being developed include the fact that
they exhibit poor electrical stability, including high VL , a rise
in residual voltage during cycling, as well as print defects such as high
background. Thus, the challenge is to
develop a benchmark, single-phase, non-particulate UCL that meets the physical
and electrical requirements for electrophotographic printing.

This invention disclosure
describes the use of electron transport co-polymers as a unique single-phase, non-particulate UCL.

The concept has been reduced
to practice, first by the synthesis of Vinylbenzoyl 9-Dicyanomethylene Fluorene-4-Carboxylate (VDFC) and
subsequent preparation of a copolymer with n-Butyl methacrylate (BMA) and a
terpolymer with BMA and vinylbenzoyl alcohol (VBA), respectively. The resulting polymers were used as undercoat
layers (UCL), respectively, for the fabrication of photoreceptor devices. Adhesion between the respective UCL and both
the aluminum substrate and the charge generation layer (CGL) respectively, is
excellent. The UCLs exhibit very
efficient charge transport.

Materials

Synthesis of Vinylbenzoyl
acetate (1)

In
a 1L 3-neck flask equipped with a condenser, mechanical stirrer and
thermometer, 108g (0.708 mol) of vinylbenzoyl chloride

(60/40
m-/p-) and 80.8 (0.824 mol) of
potassium acetate were added, followed by 250 mL of DMSO. The mixture was stirred at 40 0C
for 48 hours. After being allowed to
cool to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and poured into a
separatory funnel. The organic layer was
separated, followed by extraction of the aqueous layer with chloroform. The combined organic layer was then washed
with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and placed on the rotary evaporator to
remove...