Elizabeth Báthory (Báthory Erszébet in Hungarian, Alžbeta Bátoriová-Nádašdy in Slovak, August 7?, 1560 - August 21, 1614), the Bloody Lady of Csejte, born approximately 84 years after Vlad III Dracula died, was a Hungarian countess. She is considered the most famous serial killer in Slovak and Hungarian history. She and four collaborators were accused of torturing and killing numerous girls and young women (20 - 2000 victims, depending on the source). In 1610, she was imprisoned in solitary confinement, where she stayed until her death four years later. Her nobility permitted her to avoid an immediate execution, however her alleged collaborators were executed. Her guilt has neither been confessed nor ever proven.

Various legends about her life, including the unsubstantiated rumors that she bathed in or drank the blood of servant girls, are thought by some to have been a major influence on numerous vampire myths, the Dracula story, and the trope of the sexually sadistic vampiress in particular.