PANCES is a new five-year research project (FY2016 to FY2020) to predict and assess natural capital and ecosystem services in Japan through integrated social-ecological systems approach, funded by Japan’s Ministry of the Environment. The PANCES project consists of four thematic groups: 1) Building an integrated model of social-ecological systems and strengthening science-policy interface, 2) Prediction and assessment of the natural values from terrestrial natural capital and ecosystem services, 3) Prediction and assessment of the natural values from marine natural capital and ecosystem services, and 4) Multi-level natural capital governance through prediction and assessment of socioeconomic values from natural capital and ecosystem services.