Tuesday, January 01, 2013

Egypt Pursues Hezbollah in Spite of Syria's Sectarian Strife

A New Cairo-Tehran Axis of Jihad May be Taking Shape

By Clare M. Lopez

Sunnis and Shi'ites are literally at each others' throats these days in Syria, much as they have been for over 1300 years of Islamic fitna, but elsewhere rapprochement may be the word of the day. The Egyptian ambassador to Lebanon was quoted in a December 29, 2012 Daily Caller interview talking about pursuing a relationship with Hezbolllah, Iran's Shi'ite terror proxy.

Calling Hezbolllah a "real political and military force" on the ground in Lebanon, Ashraf Hamdy, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood's envoy to Beirut, provided the latest signal that a new Cairo-Tehran axis of jihad may be taking shape.

Of course, contrary to what sometimes passes for conventional "wisdom" among some so-called "national security experts," this would hardly be the first time that Sunnis and Shi'ites have found common cause based on pan-Islamic ideology. As Mehdi Khalaji, senior fellow at the Washington Institute, pointed out in a remarkable 2009 essay, "Iran has maintained informal ties to the Muslim Brotherhood for many years."

The most visible cross-sectarian relationship may be the mullahs' longstanding support for HAMAS, the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was founded in 1987. Personal relationships among Brotherhood members who later would found some of the most savage of all Islamic terrorist organizations -- such as Al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad -- and Shi'ite cadres who would become the Ayatollah Khomeini's anti-Shah shock troops likely began in the Beka'a Valley in the 1970s when the Soviet KGB was running terror training camps for an array of the world's militants.Collaboration With Al-Qaeda

Indeed, the Iranian regime's operational collaboration with Al-Qaeda in the attacks of 9/11 demonstrably can be traced back to those early relationships, later solidified at the Khartoum Jihad Jamboree gatherings of the early 1990s that were co-sponsored by Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir and his sometime collaborator, Hassan al-Turabi, a key Sudanese Brotherhood figure.

Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri both found safehaven in Sudan in those years and were introduced while there to Iranian regime leadership figures including then-President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, intelligence chief Ali Fallahian and Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps commander Mohsen Reza'i.

The intellectual affinity between Iranian Shi'ite clerics such as the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini or current Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and pivotal Brotherhood theoreticians such as Sayyed Qutb rests on the conviction that intra-Islamic sectarian differences must be set aside so that Muslims may form a united front to wage jihad against Christians, Jews, the West in general and, ultimately, the entire Dar al-Harb (non-Muslim world).

As elaborated by Mehdi Khalaji (here) and Tom Joscelyn (here), it was a young Iranian cleric named Nawab Safawi who, in the early 1950s, introduced the Ayatollah Khomeini to the pan-Islamic, jihadist ideology of Hassan al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood.

Perhaps equally little known is the scholastic course that brought current Supreme Leader Khamenei to translate two of Qutb's books, Al-Mustaqbal li hadha al-Din (The Future of this Religion) and Al-Islam wa Mushkelat al-Hadharah (Islam and the Problems of Civilization).

Assassination of Sadat

The 1981 assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat by Islamic jihadis and the subsequent clamp-down on the Brotherhood by Sadat's successor, Hosni Mubarak, temporarily put a damper on overt expressions of Khomeinist-Brotherhood mutual admiration, but by 2009, former Muslim Brotherhood Supreme Guide Muhammad Mahdi Akef, openly asserted that "The Muslim Brotherhood supports the ideas and thoughts of the founder of the Islamic Republic."

The Iranian regime was quick to claim an inspirational role once the 2011 Al-Qaeda/Muslim Brotherhood revolutions broke out, although the Ikhwan did not immediately (or publicly) embrace the overture.

It is true that Khomeini's 1979 revolution in Iran did capture the imagination of the entire Muslim world, both Shi'ite and Sunni, and nowhere more enthusiastically than among Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood and two of its offshoots, Omar Abdel-Rahman's Gama'at Islamiyya and Ayman al-Zawahiri's Egyptian Islamic Jihad, both later to become founding members of Al-Qaeda.

But the Shi'ite-Sunni face-off in Syria that began in 2011, followed by the HAMAS departure from longtime headquarters in Damascus, brought Islam's perennial sectarian strife back to the front pages, while tending to obscure the simultaneous but less visible developing potential for a diplomatic thaw between Iran and Egypt.

Now, however, with the Brotherhood in firm control of Egypt and the three-decades-old peace treaty with Israel no longer a given, indicators like Ambassador Hamdy's remarks about Hezbolllah may take on a more ominous cast.Intelligence Chiefs Meet

A reported August 2012 meeting between the then-head of the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, Maj. Gen. Murad Muwafi, and a senior official of Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) was followed by a August 22 statement from Iran's foreign minister, Ali Akbar Salehi, that indicated Egypt and Iran are moving towards restoring diplomatic relations.

Salehi said that Iran seeks ties of "friendship and brotherhood" with Cairo. Then, at the late August 2012 Non-Aligned meeting in Tehran, Morsi and his Iranian host, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, exchanged pledges as "strategic allies" and discussed enhanced bilateral cooperation in the areas of "science and technology."

Egypt scholar Raymond Stock noted in a stunning September 7, 2012 Gatestone Institute essay that such cooperation could possibly include an Iranian offer to share nuclear technology with Morsi's Brotherhood regime. Coupled with statements from Muslim Brotherhood and military figures about an Egyptian desire to acquire a "nuclear weapon," the Iranian model of revolution, terror and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) looks increasingly likely to metastasize to the Arab heart of the Islamic Middle East.

The advantages of rapprochement with Egypt for Iran, which is currently facing crushing financial sanctions, a grueling and probably losing struggle to shore up the Bashar al-Assad regime in Syria, plus at least some measure of international opprobrium over its nuclear weapons program, are obvious.

The boost to Iran's jihadist "street creds" in the Arab world that would result from a collaborative relationship with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood would outstrip even the benefits of its longstanding terror partnerships with Al-Qaeda, HAMAS and Hezbolllah.

The logic of closer ties with Iran is perhaps less obvious for Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood rulers, but a shared commitment to the pan-Islamic vision of jihad and similar perspectives about sharia (even across jurisprudential schools), a genocidal hatred of Jews and the State of Israel, and deep-seated antipathy to Western civilization together form a fairly solid ideological foundation upon which to expand the political relationship.

The danger to U.S. national security interests and those of our ally Israel posed by such a rapprochement between Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood and this hyper-aggressive Iranian regime grows by the day. American failure to recognize, confront and counter the potential for real disaster that is developing across the Middle East in a timely and effective manner invites consequences that could soon envelop the entire region in conflict, instability and war.