Perinatal conditions account for 60% of US neonatal deaths, yet little is known about rates of morbidity attributable to these conditions. To estimate these rates, we analysed newborn hospital discharges from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. We used International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes to classify ...

Transvenous pacemaker lead implantation is the preferred method of pacing in adult patients. Lead performance and longevity are superior and the implantation approach can be performed under local anaesthetic with a very low morbidity. In children, and especially in neonates and infants, the epicardial route was traditionally chosen until the ...

The Neonatal Review Group of the Cochrane Collaboration is dedicated to improving outcomes of newborn infants through the collection and synthesis of the highest quality evidence. Much has been achieved with limited resources. Future challenges for the group are to maintain and extend current reviews of therapeutic interventions, to develop ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome between exposure to single vs multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids (AC) in pre-term births. The study involved 704 neonates delivered between 24-32 weeks. Maternal and perinatal outcome were compared between 294 (42%) neonates who received no AC; 257 (36%) who ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the mortality and morbidity for extremely preterm infants with a gestational age from 22 to 26 weeks. All infants were born in Austria during the years 1999-2001. METHODS: Data were collected from 16 neonatal intensive care units in Austria. Main ...

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the neonatal morbidity and the growth in very low birth-weight (VLBW) infants after exposure to multiple courses of antenatal steroids. STUDY DESIGN:A total of 319 VLBW infants were placed in one of the two groups based on exposure to antenatal steroids: Group 1: less than two complete courses; ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyse maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with instrumental delivery using Thierry's spatulas. METHODS: Between January 2001 and December 2003, 570 nulliparous women with term, singleton, cephalic pregnancies gave birth by either instrumental (n = 279) or spontaneous vaginal delivery (n = 291) and were studied in a retrospective ...

BACKGROUND: Although death rates are often used to monitor the quality of health care, in industrialized countries maternal deaths have become rare. Severe maternal morbidity has therefore been proposed as a supplementary indicator for surveillance of the quality of maternity care. Our purpose in this study was to describe severe ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether the benefits of a single course of antenatal steroid treatment for neonatal respiratory morbidity diminish beyond 7 days. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review was performed of all deliveries less than 34 weeks' gestation where delivery occurred after completing a single course ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the proximity of infection of the chorion/amnion and fetal vessels affects neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We examined all (n=2012) infants admitted to the British Columbia's Children's Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, from January 1996 to October 1997. We included infants with a ...

A retrospective study was conducted to identify the epidemiologic factors associated with gunshot injuries in raptors presented to the Wildlife Center of Virginia from 1993 to 2002. Of the 3,156 raptors admitted, 118 raptors (3.7%), representing 15 species, were admitted with gunshot trauma as the primary cause of morbidity and ...

To determine predictors of survival and of weaning off parenteral nutrition (PN) in pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients. Pediatric SBS carries extensive morbidity and high mortality, but factors believed to predict survival or weaning from PN have been based on limited studies. This study reviews outcomes of a large ...

When an infant presents with hypoglycemia, acidosis, hepatomegaly, and respiratory arrest, the neonatal team must be alert to the possibility of a metabolic disorder. Among those to be considered is medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which occurs in 1 in 10,000-23,000 live births. Recognizing and treating this disorder early could decrease ...

Over the past 20 years, the number and rate of multiple births have dramatically increased in the United States. The rise in multiple births is mainly attributable to the increased use of ovulation-inducing drugs and the newly developed assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization. Multifetal gestation is associated ...

Low birth weight is one of the major determinants of neonatal survival and postneonatal morbidity. This study assessed the morbidity and mortality of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants during the first 3 months. Data were collected for 6701 live births. All singleton liveborn LBW infants as well as a comparison group of ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess morbidity and development in childhood of infants born after temporising management of severe early onset pre-eclampsia. DESIGN: Cohort study with matched controls. SETTING: University centre for high risk obstetrics. SAMPLES: Three groups of neonates matched for gender and year of birth: one born after temporising treatment of ...

Delaying the timing of elective caesarean section (ELCS) from 37/38 weeks to 39/40 weeks reduces the risk of respiratory morbidity in otherwise healthy neonates. The aims of this study were to clarify the number and clinical details of term infants delivered by ELCS who were admitted to neonatal intensive care ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the occurrence of respiratory morbidity during infancy after very premature birth and to identify risk factors. DESIGN: Prospective follow up study. SETTING: The United Kingdom oscillation study. PATIENTS: 492 infants, all born before 29 weeks gestation. INTERVENTIONS: Structured questionnaires were completed by local paediatricians when the infants ...

Pneumonia contributes to between 750,000 and 1.2 million neonatal deaths and an unknown number of stillbirths each year world wide. The aetiology depends on time of onset. Gram negative bacilli predominate in the first week of life, and Gram positive bacteria after that. Streptococcus pneumoniae probably causes about 25% of ...

BACKGROUND: To date, our knowledge of morbidity and mortality in neonatal short bowel syndrome (SBS) is based on individual case series. Shortcomings of the published literature include long patient recruitment time, selection bias, variable SBS definitions, failure to account for gestational age, and incomplete follow-up. By applying more rigorous methodology, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine outcomes, in terms of perinatal and early death, need for treatment, and morbidity at the time of discharge home, among extremely preterm infants. DESIGN: A prospective observational study of all infants with a gestational age (GA) of 22 to 27 completed weeks or a birth weight of ...

The objectives of this study were to consider the rate of exchange transfusion (ET) in the newborns at King Chulalongkorn Hospital, Bangkok, from 1994 to 2003, and to evaluate its morbidity and mortality. One hundred and sixty five neonates underwent 183 episodes of ET: In-housed fullterm had ET performed at ...

OBJECTIVES: The understanding about why neonates die in rural areas in developing countries is limited. In the first year (1995 to 1996) of the field trial of home-based neonatal care in rural Gadchiroli, India, we prospectively observed a cohort of neonates in 39 villages. In Part I of this article, ...

There are many developmental abnormalities that may appear in the neonate and in infants when critical steps in embryogenesis fail. These steps are often not fatal but can lead to significant morbidity for those patients affected. A logical approach is needed in addressing both the diagnostic and therapeutic issues that ...

Maternal mortality and morbidity have remained very high in the developing countries and one of its commonest causes is ruptured uterus, which in a primigravida is rather unusual. The patient reported was a primigravida with no previous uterine scar who had prenatal care and delivery of a live male infant ...

The epidemic of multiple births has translated into a marked rise in very low birth weight infants, who are at risk for major neonatal morbidity and mortality. Gestational age-adjusted comparisons of outcome between singletons and multiples have shown conflicting results. Comparisons that corrected for relevant confounding variables show that twins ...

Traumatic chylothorax is a serious morbidity due to aortic surgery. We treated this complication successfully by supradiaphragmatic thoracic-duct division in five adults (three men, two women, aged 61.5+/-19.5 years) and a 3-year-old male infant after an average interval of 4.1+/-1.8 days following initial aortic surgery: graft-replacement of subclavian or descending ...

Illness severity scores have become widely used in neonatal intensive care. Primarily this has been to adjust the mortality observed in a particular hospital or population for the morbidity of their infants, and hence allow standardised comparisons to be performed. However, although risk correction has become relatively commonplace in relation ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine an association between reduced prenatal visit frequencies and pregnancy outcome in women, found to be at low-risk of obstetric complications at initial prenatal visit. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Mother and Child Health Center, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. from January to ...

The causes of the nineteenth-century decline of mortality, characterized by lower mortality rates and increased longevity, have been the subject of debate among researchers for the past half-century. Because of a paucity of reliable data, little is understood about the role of morbidity, or illness episodes, in the mortality decline. ...

Aim: To audit the services of the neonatal Unit since its inception and determine the causes of morbidity and mortality among the neonates. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Case notes of all babies admitted into the neonatal Unit for the three-year study period were retrieved from the medical records ...

OBJECTIVE: Study the complication rate of tracheostomy in premature infants and identify contributing factors. Setting Two university-based tertiary care children's hospitals. METHODS: The charts of 55 neonates who underwent tracheostomy between January 1997 and December 2002 were reviewed. Group 1 included 32 infants born weighing < 1000 grams. Group 2 ...

OBJECTIVES: To analyse whether there is a relationship between birth weight on the one hand and coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity on the other, whether such a relationship is influenced by potential modifying factors from the time of birth, adult height and the presence ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the mortality rate and causes of death of all infants admitted to the Special Care Nursery (SCN) of a tertiary referral hospital in rural Kenya. DESIGN: Prospective and Cross-sectional study SETTING: Special Care Nursery, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya. SUBJECTS: All infants admitted to the ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in the level of obstetric and neonatal intervention near the limit of viability and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates over time. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective chart review, live-born infants who were delivered at 23 to 26 weeks of gestation ...

The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfadimethoxine to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by Escherichia coli (colibacillosis) in broiler chickens. The chickens were raised in 80 pens (20 birds per pen) with 20 pens representing each treatment group under simulated commercial ...

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine whether sociodemographic, clinical, and other service-related factors, as well as preventability issues affect a woman's progression along the continuum of morbidity and mortality. STUDY DESIGN: This was a case-control study of pregnancy-related deaths, women with near-miss morbidity, and those with other ...

Premature infants born with IUGR are at a several-fold increased risk for mortality and major neonatal morbidities, including RDS, BPD, ROP, and NEC. These severe complications of prematurity are intensified by the effect of suboptimal fetal growth. The possible pathophysiologic processes initiated in utero and continuing after birth have been ...

AIMS: To document gastroenteritis hospitalisations of the 1995-96 cohort of infants born in Western Australia to mid-2002, and to assess factors associated with their hospitalisations and readmissions. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the State's hospitalisation data, Midwives' Notification of Births data, the Australian Bureau of Statistics mortality data and clinical and ...

Abdominal masses in neonates reflect a wide spectrum of diseases,from lesions that can cause significant morbidity and mortality,to conditions readily corrected surgically, to entities which maybe safely observed. It is incumbent upon the infant's physician to determine the nature of the mass in a timely, safe, and cost-effective manner.

BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality of low birth weight (LBW) infants at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) has previously been found to be high. Other centres have shown that even with lack of neonatal intensive care facilities, selective interventions can be implemented that improve neonatal survival rates. It is important to identify ...

OBJECTIVE: There is a need for evidence-based knowledge regarding perinatal management in extreme prematurity. The benefit of a proactive attitude versus a more selective one is controversial. The objective of the present study was to analyze perinatal practices and infant outcome in extreme prematurity in relation to different management policies ...

The National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) network is a collaborative group of leading neonatal units in India involved in the prospective collection of morbidity and mortality data on uniform protocols. The present article reports the morbidity and mortality profile of outborn neonates in the year 2000. Ten centers provided data ...

Intramural foreign body in oesophagus is very rare and is mostly associated with complications leading to high morbidity and mortality. Recently we came across a coiled metallic wire discovered unexpectedly in a chest X-ray of a 6-month-old male baby. This was further investigated and was found to be located intramurally ...

We sought to determine the magnitude and spatio-temporal pattern of maternal morbidity in Kano State, Nigeria. Analysis was on deliveries within the period 1990-1999. We counted 59772 maternal complications among 171621 deliveries, yielding an overall maternal morbidity ratio of 34.8%. We observed yearly variations and increment in the number of ...

Postpartum haemorrhage is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and occasionally severe enough to warrant hysterectomy to prevent maternal death. Hysterectomy often is fraught with danger and regular audit is necessary to assist in the reduction of these dangers. A 20-year audit of all emergency peripartum hysterectomies, performed ...

Malaria is thought to be rare among neonates in malaria-endemic regions. Consequently, blood film for malaria parasite is not routinely included in the sepsis screening protocol for neonates. We examined the role of malaria in perinatal morbidity among neonates admitted into our unit with a view to determining the need ...

Invasive fungal infections have evolved into significant causes of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, immunocompromised children, and patients receiving immunosuppressive agents. Since the discovery in 1955, amphotericin B has been the cornerstone of antifungal treatment. The past 10 years, however, have witnessed a major expansion in the antifungal armamentarium ...