Radius Test Procedures
0. INTRODUCTION
This document describes how to test your radius server authentication
using random usernames and passwords with the 'radclient' program.
1. WHY TEST
Many people want to see the difference in efficiency behind the various
authentication methods, compilation methods, etc of their radius server.
Before now, this was difficult to do efficiently across a large number
of users. However, with this document, you'll be able to test your
radius server and determine the best options to use for your system.
2. GETTING STARTED
First thing we have to do is generate a large number of users. You'll
want to do this even if you have a large passwd file you want to use
from your system, because the create user script sets up other files
you need for testing. So head to the scripts/ directory, and do this:
Make a tmp dir
# mkdir tmp
# cp create-users.pl tmp
# cd tmp
Run the script to create 10,000 (or however many you want) random users
and passwords
# ./create-users.pl 10000
Output from the script will include several files:
passwd : A standard passwd file you can append to /etc/passwd
shadow : A standard shadow file you can append to /etc/shadow
passwd.nocrypt : A file with *unencrypted* users & passes in form "user:pass"
radius.test : File you'll use as input for radclient
radius.users : A standard radius 'users' file
So, equipped with lots of users and passwords, there's several methods of
authentication you can test:
o System users (Auth-Type:=System)
o Local users (Auth-Type:=Local)
o Cached system (passwd) users
o Others
NOTE: Before moving on, you will probably want to add '/dev/null' to
/etc/shells *temporarily* so that default system authentication will
work. REMEMBER TO TAKE IT OUT!
3. TEST PROCEDURES
A. System (/etc/passwd) users testing
1. Append the 'passwd' file from create-users.pl onto your
system passwd file:
# cat ./passwd >> /etc/passwd
2. If you have shadow, append the shadow file onto /etc/shadow
# cat ./shadow >> /etc/shadow
3. Make sure you have a DEFAULT user similar to the following
in your radius 'users' file:
DEFAULT Auth-Type:=System
Reply-Message = "Success!"
4. Start radiusd
# /usr/local/sbin/radiusd
5. Run radclient with 'radius.test' as the input file.
NOTE: First you need to setup a secret for your local
machine in the 'clients' file and use that secret below
# time /usr/local/bin/radclient -q -s -f radius.test \
<yourhostname> auth <secret>
NOTE: The above is to be put all on one line.
NOTE: Some systems do not have the 'time' command,
so you may need to break out the stopwatch instead :)
Take note of the output of radclient. If there were lots of
failures, something is wrong. All authentications should
succeed.
6. Take note of the output from the above 'time' command.
The output format should be something similar to the
following (on linux, this for example only!):
1.72user 0.53system 5:11.34elapsed 0%CPU
(0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k 0inputs+0outputs
(340major+29minor)pagefaults 0swaps
This means it took 5:11 (311 seconds) to authenticate
10,000 users. Simple division tells us this is:
10,000 auths / 311 seconds = 32.1543 auths/second
B. Local users testing
1. Copy the 'radius.users' file from the script over your 'users'
file. Make sure you do NOT have a DEFAULT entry or you will
invalidate this test.
2. Restart radiusd (kill and restart)
3. Run radclient (See A-5 above for NOTES on this):
# time /usr/local/bin/radclient -q -s -f radius.test \
<yourhostname> auth <secret>
4. Take note of the output from the above 'time' command, and
divide the number of auths (10,000 in this case) with the
number of seconds it took to complete. See A6 above for
more info.
C. Cached system users
1. Set 'cache=yes' in your radiusd.conf file
2. Restart radiusd (ie, kill it and restart, not just a HUP)
3. Perform the same steps outlined above for testing System users (A)
D. Other methods
There is no reason why you can't use some of this to test modules
for PAM, SQL, LDAP, etc, but that will require a little extra
work on your end (ie, getting the users/passes you generated into
the corresponding database). However, by now you should have a
good idea of how to test once you do that.
Also, play around with compile options like --with-thread,
--with-thread-pool, etc. Run radiusd with '-s' so it runs
one process only, etc etc. Play around with it.
4. CAVEATS
The above test procedures make no allowances for users that login with
incorrect usernames or passwords. If you want a true test of performance,
you should add in lots of bad usernames and passwords to the radius.test
file and then re-run 'radclient' with that file as input.
Additionally, these tests make no reference to how the pre-authenticate,
post-authenticate, and accounting methods you choose could affect server
performance. For example, checking for simultaneous use after authenti-
cating the user is obviously going to slow down authenticate performance.
The numbers you get from this test are raw authentications/second in a
perfect environment. Do not expect this kind of result in the real world.
However, having tested in this manner, you will have a good idea of which
authentication methods and compilation options give you the best base to
start from, which is key to an efficient server.
5. RESULTS
I'd really rather not post results because they will vary tremendously
with other system-specific configuration. This is exactly the reason
you should run tests of this nature, to find what's best for *your*
system. Good luck!