"Mr. Bostwick was born in Franklin, New York, September 23, 1830,
and was killed in a fire at his summer home at Mamaroneck, New York, August
16, 1892.

When he was a boy of ten years of age, his parents removed to Ohio
where he passed his early years. His education, which was essentially of
a business character, began when he was a clerk in a bank in Covington,
Kentucky. Later he engaged in business as a cotton broker, and in 1864
located in New York City. He owned large cotton docks on Staten Island,
where also he resided on a beautiful estate until 1877, when he purchased
the property at Mamaroneck.

When the oil regions of western Pennsylvania began to be developed
as a new source of wealth, Mr. Bostwick became interested in several wells
near Franklin, Pennsylvania, and organized the firm of J. A. Bostwick and
Company, oil refiners and shippers. In 1872, when John D. Rockefeller formed
the Standard Oil Company, Mr. Bostwick aided in its organization and became
its first Treasurer, and shortly afterward dissolved his connection with
his partner, W. H. Tilford, who also became affiliated with the Standard
Oil Company.

Thereafter, for many years Mr. Bostwick was the company's chief oil
buyer, but in 1885 he retired from the oil business, and in 1886 was elected
President of the New York and New England Railroad Company. He held this
office until January, 1892. Only two weeks before his death he purchased
a seat on the New York Stock Exchange.

In all his affairs Mr. Bostwick showed his great ability as a far-seeing
organizer. He was of even temperament, striking personality, and great
charm, a sound judge of character, so that he became a model for the younger
generation of Standard Oil men. He was the friend and adviser of Presidents
Grant, Hays and Arthur, and supported Secretary William C. Whitney, in
his plans for an enlarged American Navy.

He had as well an inventive genius and patented several safety devices
such as the Bostwick gate. Mr. Bostwick, whose fortune at the time of his
death was estimated at $12,000,000, was always liberal with his wealth,
although his gifts were made without ostentation, and many of his benefactions
will never be known. He aided generously the charities of the Fifth Avenue
Baptist Church, New York, of which he was a member, and built and endowed
Emanuel Baptist Church, Suffolk Street, New York. While in Mamaroneck,
he aided the Roman Catholic parish and other religious bodies, without
regard to denomination. He also materially increased the endowments of
Forrest College, North Carolina. Mr. Bostwick believed that education should
make one self-reliant by the development of natural talents, that girls
should have the same practical training as boys, and that the daughters
of the well-to-do should be equipped to earn their own livelihood if necessary.
For this reason his elder daughter, Nellie, took a thorough course in dressmaking,
and Evelyn, the second child, chose the profession of surgery."

John Brinsmead
(1836-1921)

The Brinsmeads married into our Carter line close to the top of our
American line with the marriage of a John Brinsmead to Mary Carter, daughter
of immigrant Thomas Carter. I don't know if this fellow is related to our
American Brinsmead cousins or not, but he is an Englishman, renowned for
making pianos. Visit the
John Brinsmead - Piano Maker Page for a description of the advances
he made in piano making.Top of PageJohn "Johnny
Appleseed" Chapman

She was educated to speak French as well as English, and in 1888
completed the course at Miss Dana's School, Morristown, New Jersey, with
honors in literature and arts. As she had always been interested in surgery,
on account of her father's belief in a practical training for girls, and
his requirement that his daughters should choose a trade or profession,
she followed the course at the old Orthopaedic Hospital, New York, where
she laid the foundation for the brilliant work which she has since accomplished
as a scientist.

Throughout her life she has had her father as an ideal. He trained
her mind to be systematic and methodical, and her aim was to be worthy
of his name. In 1892 her first marriage took her to England, where she
lived until 1912. There she frequently engaged in parish and charitable
nursing, and continued her studies at the clinics at King's College, London,
to which she was invited by the leading surgeons of the faculty, and also
at the Sorbonne, Paris, where she specialized in the arts and at the same
time studied singing under Mme. Marchesi.

During the Boer War (1901-1903) she served as a nurse with the British
Army, and was decorated with the Military Cross for bravery. After her
return to England there ensued a period of social and political activity.
She was appointed by the London County Council Inspector of Schools and
Hospitals for the Hoxton Division, London, and there organized the Women's
Conservative Union. In 1910 she campaigned mid-Derbyshire and in 1911 the
Hoxton Division, London, in the interest of Arthur Balfour and contributed
articles to London journals and magazines. At this period the militant
woman suffrage agitation was at its height, but as a scientist, philosopher
and practical politician, she declared her opposition to the suffrage movement,
and especially to the militant methods. She stressed the physical and nervous
difference between man and woman, that man proceeds by logic, woman by
intuition; and held that man, because of his greater mental balance, is
the one to govern, while woman has her important sphere in education, economics,
and the carrying out of good laws.

While in England, she also became identified with the Girl Guides
movement, and was herself an active sportswoman. She sailed her yawl Bona
in yacht races in the Mediterranean, winning the King Edward VII Cup at
Cannes in 1911, 1912, and 1913, the Prince of Monaco's Cup the same years,
and the Nice Yacht Club's Cup once.

Upon the outbreak of the World War in August, 1914, she offered her
services as a nurse to the French government. For a month she was stationed
as infirmière supéricure at Valde-Grâce Military Hospital,
Paris, where she performed many minor operations, and after that was on
the front in the Vosges, in Champagne, and on the Somme. In 1916 she was
appointed head of the nursing staff of the military hospital at the Hotel
Majestic, Nice, but broke down fromoverwork and was blind for four months. Upon her recovery, on February
13, 1917, she was honored by being appointed the only woman on the staff
of the Collège de France, with the title of Assistante de Laboratoire.
Here she collaborated in the experiments and discoveries of Doctor Serge
Voronoff, with whom she was associated for many years in scientific research,
and to whom she was married in Paris, July 1, 1919.Serge Voronoff was born in Voronej, Russia, July 10, 1868, and came
to Paris at the age of seventeen. He studied at the Sorbonne, the École
de Médecine, and the École des Hautes Études. He was
then appointed surgeon to Khedive Abbas-Hilmi of Egypt. In Cairo he was
President of the Faculty of Medicine, President of the Académie
de Médecine, and Editor of the Presse Médicale of Egypt.
He also created at his own expense the hospital at Choubrah. For his many
services Abbas-Hilmi conferred upon him the cordon of the Legion of Honor
affiliated with the Grand Croix of the Medijeh.

In 1910 he returned to France to engage in research work at
the Collège de France. In 1914 he became the head of the Russian
Hospital at Bordeaux, and, in 1916, was placed in charge of Military Hospital
Number 187, devoted to bone and skin grafting. His health unfortunately
failing, he retired for a year, and in 1917 returned to experimental work
at the Collège de France, where he is Director of the Laboratory
of Experimental Surgery.

There he and Mme. Voronoff perfected the discovery of grafting living
tissue in open antiseptic wounds, which usually heal in from twelve days
to a month. This method was communicated to the Académie des Sciences,
September 1, 1918, in the monograph, tudes sur les bourgeonnements des
palies de guerre. The most important experiments in which Doctor and Mme.
Voronoff collaborated had to do with the transplanting of the interstitial
gland. These experiments were begun in 1917 and were communicated to the
Académie des Sciences on October 8, 1919. They demonstrate that
the life of animals so treated is extended, physical and mental vigor reëstablished
and maintained, arterio-sclerosis and senile decay prevented, and that
the offspring mature rapidly. The book describing these experiments and
discoveries is entitled Vivre and was translated into English, with the
title, Life, by Mme. Voronoff, in 1920. The scientific circles in Paris
at once recognized the value of these discoveries and in 1920 Doctor and
Mme. Voronoff gave demonstrations of their method at the American Hospital,
Chicago, Illinois, and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons and the
Mr. Sinai Hospital, New York.

Mme. Voronoff was the mother of three children: Marian Barbara Carstairs,
the wife of Captain J. de Pret of the British Army, Evelyn Francis, and
Francis Francis, Jr. She died in Paris, France, March 3, 1921.

American Biographical Library, The Biographical Cyclopeadia of American
Women, Volume I, Daughters of America; or Women of the Century, Voronoff,
Evelyn, Bostwick, Educational Work, page 351

According to Sherrill Sellman, author of Hormone Heresy, investigative
hormone replacement dates back to the 1930s with the research of Dr. Serge
Voronoff. His research involved implanting fresh monkey's testicles into
men's scrotums, with limited effectiveness. This led to the grafting of
monkey ovaries in women, with dire consequences.