At the same time, negative shift of direct reaction corresponds to the positive shift of its reverse reaction, and such an approach to the 2-way modeling occurred to be more smooth and rational. Later on the reverse shifts are represented conditionally by negative values in the graphs.

New Thermodynamic Paradigm of Chemical Equilibria

This is the case of absolute irreversibility. The first observation is relevant to the systems with thermodynamically not-robust reactions, the second − to the systems with robust reactions.

Moreover, we also considered the case of slightly simpliﬁed neutrino interaction rates, neglecting the effect of recoil, high-density correlations and weak magnetism in neutrino-nucleon reactions and ignoring reactions between different neutrino ﬂavours.

General Relativistic Explosion Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae

The investigation on nuclear ﬁssion reactions, induced by nucleons on heavy targets, can be associated with two fundamental questions, which are not fully explored: the reaction mechanism induced by neutrons and protons for a wide range of energy, and nuclear ﬁssion properties.

Fragments formation in proton-induced fission at 660 MeV of 238-U

While the former is reaction dependent, the latter is a universal property of nucleon structure common to the various exclusive reactions.

Measurement of Exclusive $\pi^0$ Electroproduction Structure Functions and their Relationship to Transversity GPDs

M indicates a total number of chemical reaction channels and aν dt stands for a probability that the ν -th reaction would actually take place in the interval (t, t + dt).

Levy flights in confining environments: Random paths and their statistics

The full set of reactions consists, in fact, of 941 reversible reactions written in the forward and backward directions.

The impact of atmospheric circulation on the chemistry of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b

At these low temperatures the rate constants of a few reactions, mostly backward reactions whose rate constant is calculated applying detailed balance, reach too large values.

The impact of atmospheric circulation on the chemistry of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b

The production of elements through successive fusions during the thermonuclear runaway depends on the reaction conditions, mainly density and temperature: the reaction rates vary extremely rapidly with temperature, and the production of iron-peak elements4 favoured under high density.