5 Projectile Motion Projectile motion can be described by the horizontal and vertical components of motion.

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Presentation on theme: "5 Projectile Motion Projectile motion can be described by the horizontal and vertical components of motion."— Presentation transcript:

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5 Projectile Motion Projectile motion can be described by the horizontal and vertical components of motion.

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5 Projectile Motion The horizontal component of motion for a projectile is just like the horizontal motion of a ball rolling freely along a level surface without friction. 5.4 Projectile Motion The vertical component of a projectile’s velocity is like the motion for a freely falling object.

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5 Projectile Motion A projectile is any object that moves through the air or space, acted on only by gravity (and air resistance, if any). A cannonball shot from a cannon, a stone thrown into the air, a ball rolling off the edge of a table, a spacecraft circling Earth—all of these are examples of projectiles. 5.4 Projectile Motion

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5 Projectile Motion Projectiles near the surface of Earth follow a curved path that at first seems rather complicated. These paths are surprisingly simple when we look at the horizontal and vertical components of motion separately. 5.4 Projectile Motion

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5 Projectile Motion Projectile motion can be separated into components. a.Roll a ball along a horizontal surface, and its velocity is constant because no component of gravitational force acts horizontally. 5.4 Projectile Motion

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5 Projectile Motion Projectile motion can be separated into components. a.Roll a ball along a horizontal surface, and its velocity is constant because no component of gravitational force acts horizontally. b.Drop it, and it accelerates downward and covers a greater vertical distance each second. 5.4 Projectile Motion

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5 Projectile Motion Most important, the horizontal component of motion for a projectile is completely independent of the vertical component of motion. Each component is independent of the other. Their combined effects produce the variety of curved paths that projectiles follow. 5.4 Projectile Motion

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5 Projectile Motion Describe the components of projectile motion. 5.4 Projectile Motion The horizontal component of motion for a projectile is just like the horizontal motion of a ball rolling freely along a level surface without friction. The vertical component of a projectile’s velocity is like the motion for a freely falling object.

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5 Projectile Motion The downward motion of a horizontally launched projectile is the same as that of free fall. 5.5 Projectiles Launched Horizontally

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5 Projectile Motion A strobe-light photo of two balls released simultaneously–one ball drops freely while the other one is projected horizontally. 5.5 Projectiles Launched Horizontally

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5 Projectile Motion There are two important things to notice in the photo of two balls falling simultaneously: The ball’s horizontal component of motion remains constant. Gravity acts only downward, so the only acceleration of the ball is downward. Both balls fall the same vertical distance in the same time. The vertical distance fallen has nothing to do with the horizontal component of motion. 5.5 Projectiles Launched Horizontally

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5 Projectile Motion The ball moves the same horizontal distance in the equal time intervals because no horizontal component of force is acting on it. The path traced by a projectile accelerating in the vertical direction while moving at constant horizontal velocity is a parabola. When air resistance is small enough to neglect, the curved paths are parabolic. 5.5 Projectiles Launched Horizontally

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5 Projectile Motion think! At the instant a horizontally pointed cannon is fired, a cannonball held at the cannon’s side is released and drops to the ground. Which cannonball strikes the ground first, the one fired from the cannon or the one dropped? 5.5 Projectiles Launched Horizontally

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5 Projectile Motion think! At the instant a horizontally pointed cannon is fired, a cannonball held at the cannon’s side is released and drops to the ground. Which cannonball strikes the ground first, the one fired from the cannon or the one dropped? Answer: Both cannonballs fall the same vertical distance with the same acceleration g and therefore strike the ground at the same time. 5.5 Projectiles Launched Horizontally

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5 Projectile Motion Describe the downward motion of a horizontally launched projectile. 5.5 Projectiles Launched Horizontally The downward motion of a horizontally launched projectile is the same as that of free fall.