Definition

A sesamoid is a type of bone that is found within a tendon. These small bones allow smooth movement of the feet. Sesamoid fractures most commonly refer to the bones located under the big toe. These are the least common fractures of the forefoot.

Risk Factors

Sesamoid fractures are more common in people who play high-impact sports, such as running, aerobics, ballet, or gymnastics.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of a sesamoid fracture is pain in the ball of the foot and big toe. Other symptoms include:

Swelling to foot and big toe

Bruising

Tenderness to touch

Limited range of motion to the big toe

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Your doctor may refer you to a specialist. A podiatrist focuses on the feet. An orthopedist focuses on bones.

Imaging tests evaluate the bones and other structures in your foot. These include:

Treatment

Sesamoid fractures are often treated with rest and rehabilitation. Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Treatment options include the following:

Immobilization

The foot is immobilized with a cast. This will promote healing and keep weight off the foot.
Crutches
are also used to limit weight bearing on the affected foot.

Medications

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are given to reduce pain and swelling. A cortisone shot may also be used to treat the pain and inflammation.

Surgery

Surgery may be needed if the fracture is severe or not healing.

This is usually done by setting the bone during an operation.

If the pain does not resolve, the sesamoid bone is sometimes removed. This is called a sesamoidectomy.

Physical Therapy

Once the fracture has healed, physical therapy may be advised. A therapist will work with you to strengthen your muscles and improve your range of motion. You may be given an orthotic device or insert to wear in your shoe. This can protect your foot from future injury.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance a sesamoid fracture, wear proper fitting footwear for all activities and sports.

Sesamoid injuries in the foot. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Foot Health Facts website. Available at:
http://www.foothealthfacts.org/footankleinfo/Sesamoid_Injuries.htm. Accessed September 28, 2014.

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