Justification:Chaetodon miliaris is an abundant species throughout its range. More than two thirds of its range is enclosed by the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, a no-take marine protected area. It is therefore listed as Least Concern.

Habitat for this species includes coastal fringing reefs, lagoons, and outer reefs to at least 250 m depth. Juveniles are found on shallow inner reefs from April to June. The species feeds in mid-water on zooplankton, supplementing the diet with benthic invertebrates (especially polychaete worms) and fish eggs (particularly those of damselfishes) (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2006).

The species may form large groups and spawns in groups from January through May (Ralston 1981). Ralston (1976a) reported that the onset of reproductive maturity in Chaetodon miliaris begins at 90 mm standard length, which is equivalent to one year of age (Ralston 1976b).

The mean size of C. miliaris in Hawaii reported by Ralston (1981) was ~105 mm corresponding to approximately two years of age.

There are no species-specific conservation measures in place (Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources.). It is present within marine protected areas, for example, the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, a no-take marine reserve that encompasses 2/3 of the species range.