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Abstract:

A system for verification of dispensed pharmaceuticals includes: a
housing; a bar code scanning station mounted on the housing; a vision
station mounted on the housing; a spectroscopy station mounted on the
housing; an offloading station mounted on the housing; one or more
conveyors mounted on the housing to convey pharmaceutical vials between
the bar code scanning, vision, spectroscopy and offloading stations, and
a controller associated with the bar code scanning, vision, spectroscopy
and offloading stations and the conveyors to control their operations. A
system of this configuration can use both vision and spectroscopy to
verify the identity of the pharmaceutical in the container.

Claims:

1. A system for verification of dispensed pharmaceuticals, comprising:a
housing;a bar code scanning station mounted on the housing;a vision
station mounted on the housing;a spectroscopy station mounted on the
housing;an offloading station mounted on the housing;one or more
conveyors mounted on the housing to convey pharmaceutical vials between
the bar code scanning, vision, spectroscopy and offloading stations, anda
controller associated with the bar code scanning, vision, spectroscopy
and offloading stations and the conveyors to control their operations.

2. The system defined in claim 1, further comprising a vial loading
station mounted on the housing.

3. The system defined in claim 2, further comprising an approval station
mounted on the housing.

4. The system defined in claim 3, wherein a first of the one or more
conveyors is configured to convey a vial from the vial loading station to
the bar code scanning station and to the vision station, and a second of
the one or more conveyors is configured to convey the vial from the
vision station to the spectroscopy station, the approval station, and the
offload station.

5. The system defined in claim 4, wherein the second conveyor comprises a
carousel rotatably mounted to the housing.

6. The system defined in claim 4, wherein the first conveyor is configured
to convey the vial to an opening leading to the vision station.

7. A method of verifying the identity of dispensed pharmaceuticals,
comprising the steps of:(a) scanning a bar code on a vial to determine an
expected identity of a pharmaceutical in the vial;(b) conveying the vial
to a vision station;(c) obtaining an image of the pharmaceutical within
the vial at the vision station;(d) conveying the vial to a spectroscopy
station;(e) obtaining a spectrum of the pharmaceutical within the
vial;(f) determining whether the identity of the pharmaceutical in the
vial matches the expected identity based on the image and/or the spectrum
obtained in steps (c) and (e); and(g) conveying the vial to an offloading
station.

8. The method defined in claim 7, further comprising the step of conveying
the vial from a collection of vials to the bar code scanning station.

9. The method defined in claim 7, further comprising the step of conveying
the vial to an approval station after step (e) and before step (g).

10. The method defined in claim 9, further comprising the step of affixing
an indicia of approval to the vial at the approval station if the
determining step reveals that the identity of the pharmaceutical in the
vial matches the expected pharmaceutical.

11. The method defined in claim 7, wherein the conveying steps (d) and (g)
are carried out with a common conveyor.

12. The method defined in claim 11, wherein the common conveyor is a
rotatable carousel.

13. The method defined in claim 7, wherein the conveying steps (d) and (g)
are carried out simultaneously on different vials by rotating the
carousel.

14. A chamber for conducting spectroscopic scanning of objects within a
container, comprising:an enclosure comprising a ceiling, side walls and a
floor, wherein the floor includes a scanning aperture, and wherein the
floor is inclined;a scanning device mounted below the floor for scanning
objects in a container residing on the floor, the scanning device
positioned to scan through the aperture; andpositioning structure mounted
within the enclosure to maintain the container in a selected position for
scanning.

15. The chamber defined in claim 14, wherein the positioning structure
comprises a plurality of rollers.

16. The chamber defined in claim 15, further comprising a power unit
associated with the rollers to rotate the container as it is in position
for scanning.

17. The chamber defined in claim 16, wherein the rollers are mounted to
the floor.

18. The chamber defined in claim 14, wherein the floor is configured to
pivot between a raised position, in which the floor is substantially
horizontally disposed, and a lowered scanning position, in which the
floor is inclined

19. The chamber defined in claim 14, further comprising a conveyor that
conveys containers onto and away from the floor, and wherein at least one
of the side walls is formed by the conveyor.

20. The chamber defined in claim 14, wherein the scanning device is a
Raman spectrometer.

21. An apparatus for scanning a bar code on an object, comprising:a base
panel;a conveyor mounted to the base panel and configured to convey the
object in either of two opposing directions along a path;a turntable
mounted on the panel and positioned at one end of the path to provide a
scanning location;a drive unit associated with the turntable to rotate
the turntable at the scanning location; anda bar code scanner oriented to
scan a bar code on the object as it resides on the turntable.

22. The apparatus defined in claim 21, further comprising at least one
supply lane that feeds objects to the conveyor.

23. The apparatus defined in claim 21, wherein at least one supply lane is
a plurality of supply lanes.

24. The apparatus defined in claim 21, wherein the conveyor includes a cup
that receives objects from the at least one supply lane and conveys them
to and from the turntable.

25. The apparatus defined in claim 24, wherein the base panel includes a
trap door on the path that receives the object after it has been scanned
by the scanner.

26. The apparatus defined in claim 25, wherein the trap door is configured
such that it opens only in response to a force applied by the object as
it moves away from the turntable.

27. An apparatus for offloading objects into two groups, comprising:a
base;a turntable rotatably mounted in the base for rotation about an axis
of rotation;a power unit associated with the turntable for rotating the
turntable about the axis of rotation;an outer guide wall that follows
generally a portion of the perimeter of the turntable;an inner guide wall
that is generally parallel with the outer guide wall, the inner guide
wall being positioned between the axis of rotation and the outer guide
wall, the inner guide wall and the outer guide wall together defining a
travel path;a gate located in one of the inner guide wall and the outer
guide wall, the gate moveable between a first position, in which the
travel path is uninterrupted, and a second position, in which the gate
interrupts the travel path and forces an object traveling on the travel
path to veer to an exception area on the base;wherein a collection area
on the turntable is at least partially defined by the inner guide wall.

28. The apparatus defined in claim 27, wherein the gate is located in the
outer guide wall.

29. The apparatus defined in claim 27, further comprising a carousel
rotatably mounted to the base that is positioned and configured to
deliver an object to the travel path.

30. The apparatus defined in claim 27, wherein at one end the inner guide
wall extends to the perimeter of the turntable.

31. A method of confirming the identity of the contents of pharmaceutical
vials, comprising the steps of:(a) scanning a bar code on a first vial to
determine the expected contents of the first vial;(b) conveying the first
vial to a vision station;(c) acquiring an image of the contents of the
first vial at the vision station;(d) scanning a bar code on a second vial
to determine the expected contents of the second vial;(e) conveying the
first vial to a spectroscopy station;(f) conveying the second vial to the
vision station;(g) acquiring an image of the contents of the second vial
at the vision station;(h) acquiring a spectrum of the contents of the
first vial at the spectroscopy station;(i) scanning a bar code on a third
vial to determine the expected contents of the third vial;(j) conveying
the first vial to an approval station;(k) conveying the second vial to
the spectroscopy station;(l) conveying the third vial to the vision
station;(m) acquiring an image of the contents of the third vial at the
vision station;(n) acquiring a spectrum of the contents of the second
vial at the spectroscopy station;(o) determining, based on at least one
of steps (c) and (h), whether the contents of the first vial match the
expected contents of the first vial and, if so, affixing indicia of
approval on the first vial at the approval station;(p) scanning a bar
code on a fourth vial to determine the expected contents of the fourth
vial;(q) conveying the first vial to an offload station;(r) conveying the
second vial to the approval station;(s) conveying the third vial to the
spectroscopy station; and(t) conveying the fourth vial to the vision
station.

32. The method defined in claim 31, wherein the conveying of the first,
second and third vials in steps (q), (r) and (s) is performed
simultaneously.

33. The method defined in claim 32, wherein the conveying of the first,
second and third vials in steps (q), (r) and (s) is performed with a
single conveyor.

34. The method defined in claim 33, wherein the single conveyor is a
rotatable wheel.

35. The method defined in claim 31, wherein steps (b), (f), (l) and t) are
performed with a first conveyor, and wherein the remaining conveying
steps are performed with a second, different conveyor.

Description:

RELATED APPLICATION

[0001]This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/118,006, filed Nov. 26, 2008, the disclosure of which
is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002]The present invention is directed generally to the identification of
pharmaceuticals, and more particularly to the automatic identification of
dispensed pharmaceuticals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003]There is an ongoing and predicted long-term shortage of licensed
pharmacists. Due to the increasing age of the population and the
ever-increasing number of prescription medicines available, the demand
for prescription drugs is growing at a rate that will far exceed the
capacity and numbers of licensed pharmacists. The net impact of this
imbalance is that pharmacists are increasingly spending more time doing
clerical and administrative tasks such as verifying filled prescriptions
and checking data entry done by pharmacy technicians. Since the capacity
of any one pharmacist is fixed, the output of a pharmacy has become
constrained. Consequently, the labor and total cost per prescription
continues to rise. The December 2000 Department of Health and Human
Services Report to Congress titled "The Pharmacist Workforce: A Study of
the Supply and Demand for Pharmacists", which is hereby incorporated
herein by reference, provides an overview of the above problem.

[0004]Due to these increased demands on a pharmacist's time, and the
resulting increased reliance on technicians and other non-professional
staff to fill prescriptions, there is an increased chance for
prescription error. While these errors may take many forms, the
likelihood of a dangerous or life-threatening "adverse drug event"
increases proportionally with the increased chance of prescription fill
error. Several studies have shown that prescription error rates are
consistently in the 2% to 7% range, with a 4% error rate often cited as a
reliable average. The number of deaths due to medication errors is
estimated to exceed 7,000 per year in the United States alone. Of course,
this number does not include non-fatal conditions from drugs that also
result in some form of trauma or injury. The resulting litigation costs
associated with these prescription fill errors have also dramatically
increased.

[0005]Many existing pharmacy filling systems and procedures still require
a human operator, whether that operator is a technician or a licensed
pharmacist, to validate visually whether the drug that is delivered to
the customer is correct. Thus, the human factor can contribute to the
majority of prescription fill errors. Existing visual verification
techniques rely on comparing an electronic image of the prescribed
medication, i.e., a picture of the prescribed medication retrieved from a
data library, with the actual medication that is dispensed for the
patient. Other systems and procedures rely on comparing the dispensed
medication with that in the original manufacturer's supply container, or
comparing an electronic image of the filled prescription with an
electronic image of the prescribed medication retrieved from a data
library.

[0006]Each of these verification systems presents similar problems. First,
these known verification methods assume that all drugs are visually
distinct. This assumption causes many problems because many drugs are
not, in fact, visually distinct and, in other cases, the visual
differences between drugs is very subtle. For instance, manufacturers are
rapidly running out of unique shapes, colors and sizes for their solid
dosage form products. To further complicate the problem, generic drug
manufactures may be using shapes, colors, and sizes that are different
than that of the original manufacturer. Second, even though some known
systems may utilize a National Drug Code (NDC) bar code to verify that
the supply bottle being accessed corresponds correctly to the patient's
prescription, a fraction of filled prescriptions are never picked up and
may be returned to the supply shelves for reuse in later prescriptions.
Because these reused bottles will not have a manufacturer's bar code on
them, it is therefore difficult, if not impossible, to incorporate such
validation schemes for these unused prescriptions. Furthermore, in these
circumstances, a supply bottle is not available for a visual comparison
with the filled prescription. Finally, each of these known manual
verification and validation techniques typically requires that the
pharmacist spend a significant portion of his day performing these
administrative or clerical tasks and allows less time for patient
consultation and other professional pharmacist activities.

[0007]Solid dosage pharmaceuticals (e.g., pills, tablets, and capsules)
each have a unique chemical composition associated with them. This is
often referred to as a chemical signature or fingerprint. Pharmaceuticals
with varying dosage levels of the same active ingredient may have unique
chemical signatures as well. Even slight variations in the active
ingredient typically produce a unique chemical signature. In that regard,
most pharmaceuticals can be identified accurately by the use of some form
of chemical analysis. This same methodology may be applied to other forms
of medication (e.g., liquids, creams, and powders). Particularly with
solid dosage pharmaceutical products, while a group or package of
products may look identical in the visible portion of the spectrum, each
product may have a unique chemical signature in the near-infrared
wavelength range (800 to 2500 nm). For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,771,369
to Rzasa et al. describes a pharmaceutical discrimination system that
relies on NIR for scanning the contents of a pharmaceutical vial. As
another example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,218,395 to Kaye et al. describes the use
of Raman spectroscopy for scanning vial contents. As a further example,
co-assigned and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/972,849,
filed Jan. 11, 2008, discusses a system that scans through the bottom end
of the vial as the vial is capped. The disclosures of these patents are
hereby incorporated herein in their entireties.

[0008]It may be desirable to enhance the reliability and precision of
systems that employ spectroscopic verification of pharmaceuticals within
vials.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009]As a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed
to a system for verification of dispensed pharmaceuticals. The system
comprises: a housing; a bar code scanning station mounted on the housing;
a vision station mounted on the housing; a spectroscopy station mounted
on the housing; an offloading station mounted on the housing; one or more
conveyors mounted on the housing to convey pharmaceutical vials between
the bar code scanning, vision, spectroscopy and offloading stations, and
a controller associated with the bar code scanning, vision, spectroscopy
and offloading stations and the conveyors to control their operations. A
system of this configuration can use both vision and spectroscopy to
verify the identity of the pharmaceutical in the container.

[0010]As a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention are
directed to a method of verifying the identity of dispensed
pharmaceuticals. The method comprises the steps of: (a) scanning a bar
code on a vial to determine an expected identity of a pharmaceutical in
the vial; (b) conveying the vial to a vision station; (c) obtaining an
image of the pharmaceutical within the vial at the vision station; (d)
conveying the vial to a spectroscopy station; (e) obtaining a spectrum of
the pharmaceutical within the vial; (f) determining whether the identity
of the pharmaceutical in the vial matches the expected identity based on
the image and/or the spectrum obtained in steps (c) and (e); and (g)
conveying the vial to an offloading station.

[0011]As a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed
to a chamber for conducting spectroscopic scanning of objects within a
container, comprising: an enclosure comprising a ceiling, side walls and
a floor, wherein the floor includes a scanning aperture, and wherein the
floor is inclined; a scanning device mounted below the floor for scanning
objects in a container residing on the floor, the scanning device
positioned to scan through the aperture; and positioning structure
mounted within the enclosure to maintain the container in a selected
position for scanning.

[0012]As a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention are
directed to an apparatus for scanning a bar code on an object,
comprising: a base panel; a conveyor mounted to the base panel and
configured to convey the object in either of two opposing directions
along a path; a turntable mounted on the panel and positioned at one end
of the path to provide a scanning location; a drive unit associated with
the turntable to rotate the turntable at the scanning location; and a bar
code scanner oriented to scan a bar code on the object as it resides on
the turntable.

[0013]As a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed
to an apparatus for offloading objects into two groups, comprising: a
base; a turntable rotatably mounted in the base for rotation about an
axis of rotation; a power unit associated with the turntable for rotating
the turntable about the axis of rotation; an outer guide wall that
follows generally a portion of the perimeter of the turntable; an inner
guide wall that is generally parallel with the outer guide wall, the
inner guide wall being positioned between the axis of rotation and the
outer guide wall, the inner guide wall and the outer guide wall together
defining a travel path; and a gate located in one of the inner guide wall
and the outer guide wall, the gate moveable between a first position, in
which the travel path is uninterrupted, and a second position, in which
the gate interrupts the travel path and forces an object traveling on the
travel path to veer to an exception area on the base. A collection area
on the turntable is at least partially defined by the inner guide wall.

[0014]As a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed
to a method of confirming the identity of the contents of pharmaceutical
vials, comprising the steps of: (a) scanning a bar code on a first vial
to determine the expected contents of the first vial; (b) conveying the
first vial to a vision station; (c) acquiring an image of the contents of
the first vial at the vision station; (d) scanning a bar code on a second
vial to determine the expected contents of the second vial; (e) conveying
the first vial to a spectroscopy station; (f) conveying the second vial
to the vision station; (g) acquiring an image of the contents of the
second vial at the vision station; (h) acquiring a spectrum of the
contents of the first vial at the spectroscopy station; (i) scanning a
bar code on a third vial to determine the expected contents of the third
vial; (j) conveying the first vial to an approval station; (k) conveying
the second vial to the spectroscopy station; (l) conveying the third vial
to the vision station; (m) acquiring an image of the contents of the
third vial at the vision station; (n) acquiring a spectrum of the
contents of the second vial at the spectroscopy station; (o) determining,
based on at least one of steps (c) and (h), whether the contents of the
first vial match the expected contents of the first vial and, if so,
affixing indicia of approval on the first vial at the approval station;
(p) scanning a bar code on a fourth vial to determine the expected
contents of the fourth vial; (q) conveying the first vial to an offload
station; (r) conveying the second vial to the approval station; (s)
conveying the third vial to the spectroscopy station; and (t) conveying
the fourth vial to the vision station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0015]FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating operations of a pharmaceutical
verification system according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0016]FIG. 2 is a front right perspective view of a pharmaceutical
verification system according to embodiments of the present invention,
with the side walls and end walls removed.

[0017]FIG. 3 is a front left perspective view of the pharmaceutical
verification system of FIG. 2.

[0018]FIG. 4 is a right front perspective view of the vial loading station
and the bar code scanning station of the pharmaceutical verification
system of FIG. 2.

[0019]FIG. 5 is an enlarged rear perspective view of the bar code scanning
station of FIG. 4.

[0020]FIG. 6 is an enlarged side section view of the vision station of the
pharmaceutical verification system of FIG. 2 showing a vial entering the
vision chamber.

[0021]FIG. 7 is a top front perspective view of the wheel conveyor and the
vision and spectroscopy stations of the pharmaceutical verification
system of FIG. 2 with the housing removed.

[0022]FIG. 8 is a rear top perspective view of the wheel conveyor and the
vision, spectroscopy, and stamping stations of the pharmaceutical
verification system of FIG. 2, with the housing and upper shelf removed.

[0023]FIG. 9 is a bottom, left, front perspective view of the spectroscopy
station of the pharmaceutical verification system of FIG. 2, with the
floor section in its level position.

[0024]FIG. 10 is a bottom, left, front perspective view of the
spectroscopy station of the pharmaceutical verification system of FIG. 2,
with the floor section in its tilted position.

[0025]FIG. 11 is a top view of the vision, spectroscopy and stamping
stations of the pharmaceutical verification system of FIG. 2, showing a
vial being stamped for approval.

[0026]FIG. 12 is a top, left perspective view of the offload station of
the pharmaceutical verification system of FIG. 2, with the gate of the
offload station shown in its closed position; the bar code scanning
station and ceiling have been removed.

[0027]FIG. 13 is a top, rear, right perspective view of the offload
station of FIG. 12 showing the gate in its open position.

[0028]FIG. 14 is a concurrency diagram illustrating the sequence and
concurrency of operational steps according to embodiments of the
invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0029]The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter,
in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention
may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed
as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments
are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and
will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the drawings, like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Thicknesses and dimensions of some components may be exaggerated for
clarity.

[0030]Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and
scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly
understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention
belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined
in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning
that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art
and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless
expressly so defined herein.

[0031]The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing
particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the
invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are
intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly
indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms
"comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify
the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,
and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or
more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,
and/or groups thereof. As used herein the expression "and/or" includes
any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032]In addition, spatially relative terms, such as "under", "below",
"lower", "over", "upper," "front," "rear" and the like, may be used
herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's
relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the
figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are
intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or
operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For
example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described
as "under" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented
"over" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "under"
can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be
otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the
spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0033]Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail
for brevity and/or clarity.

[0034]Turning now to the drawings, embodiments of the present invention
are directed to an automated system and/or method for verifying the
identity of a dispensed pharmaceutical in a pharmaceutical vial (FIG. 1).
As a first step, vials are loaded into the system for verification (Block
1000). The bar code on the label of each vial is then scanned (Block
1002) to identify the drug called for by the prescription (hereinafter
the "prescribed pharmaceutical")(Block 1003). The vial is then scanned by
a vision system for a comparison of the drug inside the vial (hereinafter
the "dispensed pharmaceutical") and an image or other visual
representation of the drug identified by the bar code (Block 1004). The
vial is then subjected to spectroscopic analysis, with the spectrum
generated for the dispensed pharmaceutical being compared to a known
spectrum for identification purposes (Block 1006). If the identities of
the prescribed pharmaceutical and the dispensed pharmaceutical match
(Block 1007), the vial is stamped as approved (Block 1008) and offloaded
for subsequent pick-up (Block 1010). If the identities do not match, the
vial is rejected (Block 1012).

[0035]Turning now to the drawings, a pharmaceutical verification system,
designated broadly at 20, is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The system 20
includes a vial loading station 21, a bar code scanning station 22, a
vision station 24, a spectroscopy station 26, a stamping station 28, and
an offload station 30. Vials are moved between these stations with a
sliding conveyor 39 (FIGS. 4 and 5) and a wheel conveyor 32 (FIGS. 7 and
8). A controller 200 controls the operation of the various stations, the
sliding conveyor 39 and the wheel conveyor 32. These components will be
described in greater detail below. The components are mounted in a
housing 300, which includes a floor 302, a ceiling 304, side walls 305,
306, and end walls 307, 308. These panels form a generally box-shaped
housing. Shelves 310, 312, 314 are positioned between the floor 302 and
the ceiling 304 and serve as mounting locations for some of the
components of the various stations.

[0036]Turning now to FIGS. 3-5, the vial loading station 21 is mounted on
top of the ceiling 304. The vial loading station 21 includes a sloping
ramp 34 on which are mounted a set of dividers 36. The ramp 34 is
supported from underneath by a scaffold 33 and a wedge-shaped block 31.
The dividers 36 define a series of parallel lanes 38 that terminate at a
lower region of the ramp 34. In some embodiments, the dividers 36 are
sized and positioned to form lanes 38 of different heights and/or widths.
At the lower end of each lane 38, a retractable stop 40 extends into the
lane 38 to prevent the undetained passage of vials. Each lane 38 may also
include a sensor (not shown) to detect the presence of a vial. An exit
hole 35 is located on the ramp below the ends of the lanes 38; a
spring-loaded retractable cover 37 covers the exit hole 35.

[0037]Just beyond the lower ends of the lanes 38, the sliding conveyor 39
is located and includes a semicylindrical holder 42 mounted on a slide
frame 44 with its open side facing the lanes 38. The slide frame 44 is in
turn mounted on a rail 46 that extends perpendicular to the direction of
the lanes 38. A drive mechanism 48 is mounted to the slide frame 44 to
drive the slide frame 44 and the holder 42 along the rail 46.

[0038]The bar code scanning station 22 includes a bar code scanner 49
mounted adjacent to and beside an outermost divider 36. The bar code
scanner 49 is oriented to scan a vial positioned within the holder 42
when the holder 42 is moved outside of the outermost divider 36 (i.e.,
near the side wall 305). A small turntable 47 driven by a motor and belt
(not shown, and mounted under the ramp 34) is positioned between the bar
code scanner 49 and the rail 46.

[0039]In operation, the lanes 38 are loaded at their upper ends with
labeled, filled, capped pharmaceutical vials. The vials may be loaded by
hand, or may be loaded with a robotic arm, such as the carriers of the
automated pharmaceutical dispensing machines discussed in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/599,526, filed Nov. 14, 2006, and U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 12/014,285, filed Jan. 15, 2008, the disclosures of
which are hereby incorporated herein. The controller 200 determines from
which lane 38 a loaded vial is to be released and actuates the drive
mechanism 48 of the sliding conveyor 39 to slide the holder 42 into
position at the end of the designated lane 38. The controller 200 then
signals the stop 40 in that lane 38 to retract, thereby enabling the vial
to slide down the ramp 34 and into the holder 42. Once the vial has
reached the holder 42, the controller 200 signals the drive mechanism 48
of the sliding conveyor 39 to slide the holder 42 and vial to the far end
of the rail 46 to a position upon the turntable 47 in front of the bar
code scanner 49. The controller 200 signals the turntable motor to rotate
the turntable 47. The bar code scanner 49 reads the bar code on the vial
and stores information contained therein, including the identity of the
prescribed pharmaceutical (or a pharmacy/prescription code that
indirectly identifies the pharmaceutical), in memory accessible to the
controller 200.

[0040]Those skilled in this art will appreciate that other techniques of
reading information about the expected pharmaceutical from a vial, such
as RFID, may also be employed. The turntable 47 may also be omitted in
some embodiments.

[0041]Also, the conveyor lanes 38 are not required; in some embodiments a
technician may commence operations by simply placing a vial in position
for scanning. Further, the conveyor may be configured as a belt conveyor,
a robotic arm, or the like as desired. In other embodiments, a suction
tube-type delivery unit, in which vials are conveyed to and from the
system 20 via tubes to which suction is applied, may be employed in place
of or in conjunction with the loading station 21 and/or the offloading
station 30.

[0042]Once scanning is complete, the controller 200 signals the drive
mechanism 48 of the sliding conveyor 39 to slide the holder 42 and vial
along the rail 46 to the exit hole 35. The cover 37 is configured such
that a vial sliding away from the bar code scanner 49 forces the cover 37
away from the exit hole 35 (for example, the cover 37 may be
spring-loaded toward its closed position, with a stepped ramp that
catches on the bottom edge of a vial traveling away from the bar code
scanner 49). As a result, the vial drops through the exit hole 35,
through a tube 50 positioned between the ramp 34 and the ceiling 304, and
into a recess 110 of the wheel conveyer 32 as the recess 110 is
positioned in the vision station 24 (FIG. 6).

[0043]Referring now to FIGS. 6-8, the wheel conveyor 32 is generally a
round wheel or carousel with four substantially identical open-sided
recesses 110 located approximately 90 degrees apart. Each of the recesses
110 is flared outwardly at its top edges to encourage dropping vials to
descend to the bottom of the recess 110 and is open at its bottom end.
The wheel conveyor 32 is rotatably mounted on the shelf 312 for rotation
about an axis A1. A motor (not shown) is attached to the wheel conveyor
32 and mounted under the shelf 312 and is configured to drive the wheel
conveyor 32 about the axis A1 according to signals from the controller
200.

[0044]The illustrated wheel conveyor 32 has four recesses 110, but other
numbers of recesses may be suitable. Also, other types of conveyors, such
as belt conveyors and robotic arms, may be employed to move the vial
between stations.

[0045]The recess 110, the shelf 312 and the shelf 314 combine to form a
chamber 51 of the vision station 24. The shelf 312 includes a window 311
(typically covered with glass, which may be tinted) that provides visual
access to the chamber 51 from underneath.

[0046]Turning to FIGS. 6 and 8, a camera 52 is mounted on the shelf 310
and positioned to acquire an image through the window 311. A light dome
53 is positioned between the camera 52 and the window 311. A light ring
54 is mounted to the lower rim of the light dome 53 to provide light to
the chamber 51. In some embodiments, the light ring 54 includes
adjustable RGB lighting capability, such that the color of light emitted
by the light ring 54 can be adjusted as desired. Additional detail
regarding the vision station is set forth in co-pending and co-assigned
U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/118,014, filed Nov. 26,
2008, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, filed concurrently and
entitled ______ (Attorney Docket No. 9335-73), the disclosure of each of
which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety.

[0047]In operation, a vial drops into the chamber 51 through the exit hole
35, the tube 50, and through holes 55, 56 in the ceiling 304 and shelf
314, respectively. The shape of the recess 110 urges the vial to the
bottom of the chamber 51 (formed by the shelf 312 and the window 311),
where it rests with its bottom end on the window 311. The controller 200
activates the camera 52 to acquire one or more images of the
pharmaceuticals in the vial, typically while illuminated by the light
ring 54. In some embodiments, the chamber 51 or the vial may be
illuminated with a colored light that is substantially the "inverse" of
the color of the vial, as such illumination may improve the quality of
the image of the pharmaceuticals; this technique is discussed in
co-pending and co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/249,402,
filed Oct. 10, 2008, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated
herein in its entirety. The images taken by the camera 52 can then be
stored in memory accessible by the controller 200 and/or compared to
stored images of the prescribed pharmaceutical to assist in the
verification process. It should be noted that the vision station 24 is
designed to attempt to control, preferably to reduce or minimize, the
amount of external or ambient light reaching the chamber 51 in order to
improve the quality and consistency of images acquired therein.

[0048]Those skilled in this art will recognize that other configurations
for the vision station may be employed. For example, the vision station
may use white light and/or may use direct or indirect light to illuminate
the vial. The vision station may also use infrared light for illumination
and/or may be designed to illuminate the vial from other angles. Also,
video or still images may be acquired. The vision station may include
features that maintain the vial above the window 311 in order to avoid
scratching the glass, and/or the vision station may be modified such that
the vial does not drop directly onto the window 311.

[0049]Turning now to FIGS. 9 and 10, once one or more images of the vial
have been taken with the camera 52, the controller 200 signals the wheel
conveyor motor to rotate the wheel conveyor 32 90 degrees (this rotation
is clockwise from the vantage point of FIG. 7), which slides the vial on
the shelf 312 and positions the vial in the spectroscopy station 26. The
spectroscopy station 26 includes a pivoting floor section 60 that
includes an open window (not shown). The floor section 60 is attached to
the shelf 312 at a pivot 67 located near the axis A1. Two rollers 64a,
64b are mounted on the floor section 60 for rotation about axes of
rotation that are generally normal to the floor section 60, and driven by
a drive motor 65 via a belt pulley 65a and a belt 65b that are mounted to
the underside of the floor section 60.

[0050]A tilt mechanism 62 is attached to the shelf 312 to move the floor
section 60 to move it between a level position, in which the floor
section 60 is substantially coplanar with the shelf 312 (FIG. 9), and a
tilted position, in which the floor section 60 rotates about the pivot 67
to lowers its opposite edge (FIG. 10). The tilt mechanism 62 includes a
vertical guide shaft 68 that extends between the shelves 310, 312, an
acme screw 69 that also extends between the shelves 310, 312, and a
supporting follower 70 that is threaded onto the acme screw 69. The
supporting follower 70 supports the floor section 60 from underneath. A
motor 73 mounted on the upper surface of the shelf 312 drives the acme
screw 69.

[0051]The spectroscopy station 26 includes a spectroscopic probe 66 that
is positioned below the shelf 312. An exemplary configuration for the
spectrometer and probe 66 is described in U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 11/972,849, supra. The spectroscopic probe 66 is oriented to shine a
laser beam through the window (not shown) in the floor section 60 when
the floor section 60 is in its tilted position.

[0052]In operation, once the wheel conveyer 32 has rotated the vial to the
spectroscopy station 26, the controller 200 signals the tilt mechanism 62
to lower the floor section 60 from the level position to the tilted
position. To do so, the acme screw motor 73 rotates the acme screw 69 so
that the supporting follower 70 descends. The floor section 60 descends
with the supporting follower 70 as it pivots about the pivot 67. In the
tilted position (FIG. 10), the vial rests against the rollers 64a, 64b.
The controller 200 then signals the spectroscopic probe 66 to acquire one
or more spectra of the pharmaceuticals in the vial. Before or as spectral
data is being collected and analyzed, the motor 65 drives the belt pulley
65a, which in turn drives the belt 65b. Movement of the belt 65b rotates
the rollers 64a, 64b, which in turn rotates the vial. Such rotation can
assist the pills in "settling" in the vial and provide multiple "views"
of the vial to the spectroscopic probe 66, which can enable the
controller 200 to select the view that provides the more accurate
reading(s) and/or can reduce the heating effect of the spectroscopic
laser on the sample and the vial. The spectral data can then be stored in
memory accessible to the controller 200 and/or compared to stored
spectral data to determine whether the dispensed pharmaceutical matches
the prescribed pharmaceutical. It should be noted that the spectroscopic
station 26 is designed to attempt to control, preferably to reduce or
minimize, the amount of external or ambient light reaching the vial in
order to improve the quality and consistency of spectral data acquired
therein.

[0053]In some embodiments, the spectroscope is a Raman spectrometer; in
other embodiments, other spectroscopic techniques, such as IR, near-IR,
or ultraviolet, may be employed. The spectroscopy station may employ a
non-pivoting floor, a non-tilting floor and/or rollers to rotate the
vial, or may have other mechanisms to tilt and/or rotate the vial.

[0054]Once the spectroscopic scanning is complete, the controller 200
signals the tilt mechanism 62 to raise the floor section 60 back to the
level position (FIG. 9). The controller 200 then signals the motor (not
shown) to rotate the wheel conveyor 32 90 degrees to move the vial to the
stamping station 28 (FIG. 11). If the procedures followed in the vision
and spectroscopy stations 24, 26 indicate that the dispensed
pharmaceutical matches the prescribed pharmaceutical, the controller 200
then signals a stamping device 82 in the stamping station 28 mounted
under the shelf 312 to mark the vial (typically on the bottom of the
vial) with indicia of verification. If instead the prescribed and
dispensed pharmaceuticals are not deemed to match, the controller 200
does not signal the stamping device 82 to mark the vial (similarly, the
stamping device 82 does not mark the vial if approval is withheld for
another reason, such as the prescribed pharmaceutical not being included
in the memory of the controller 200, thereby precluding analysis of the
prescription). Procedures for determining whether the identities of the
dispensed and prescribed pharmaceuticals match are described in
co-pending and co-assigned U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.
61/118,011, filed Nov. 26, 2009, and, U.S. patent application Ser. No.
______, filed concurrently (Attorney Docket No. 9335-72), the disclosure
of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety. In some embodiments, a UV-sensitive dye or the like may be used
to stamp the vial to avoid copying. Also, in embodiments in which the
label of the vial is marked, a UV-sensitive ink or the like may be
employed to avoid interference with other information on the label. Those
skilled in this art will appreciate that other means of approving the
vial, such as printing on the label or the vial, lasing a mark on the
vial, or writing to an RFID tag, may also be employed at an approval
station, or the approval station may be omitted entirely in some
embodiments.

[0055]After operations in the stamping station 28 are complete, the
controller 200 signals the wheel conveyor motor to rotate the wheel
conveyor 32 another 90 degrees to the offload station 30 (FIGS. 12 and
13). The offload station 30 includes a turntable 90 that is mounted
within an opening in a platform 320 that is generally coplanar with the
shelf 312; the turntable 90 is mounted to rotate about an axis of
rotation A3. One section of the turntable 90 underlies the recess 110 of
the wheel conveyor 32 as that recess 110 is positioned in an offloading
position (i.e., 90 degrees from each of the vision and stamping stations
24, 28). A motor is mounted under the platform 320 to drive the turntable
90 about the axis A3. An outer guide 92 is mounted on the platform 320
over a portion of the perimeter of the turntable 90 between the offload
position and the vision station 24. A gap 93 between the outer guide 92
and outer wall 100 leads to an exception area 98. An inner wall 94 is
mounted to the platform 320 such that a travel path segment P1 is formed
on the turntable 90 between the inner wall 94 and the outer guide 92. The
inner wall 94 has a generally semicircular portion 94a and a separate
arcuate portion 94b. The outer wall 100 is mounted to the platform 320
over approximately 70 degrees of the perimeter of the turntable 90. A
travel path segment P2 is defined between the outer wall 100 and much of
the semicircular portion of the inner wall 94, such that together the
segments P1, P2 form a travel path P3. A gate 96 is pivotally attached at
a pivot 104 to the end of the outer wall 100 nearest the outer guide. The
interior of the semicircular portion 94a forms a collection area 102 that
is generally concentric with the turntable 90.

[0056]In operation, the gate 96 begins in a closed position (FIG. 12), in
which it separates the path segments P1, P2 of the travel path P3 and
leaves open the gap 93 between the outer guide 92 and outer wall 100. If
the operations performed by the vision station 24 and/or the
spectroscopic station 26 determine that verification of the dispensed
pharmaceutical as the prescribed pharmaceutical cannot be achieved, the
controller 200 instructs the gate 96 to remain in the closed position. As
the wheel conveyor 32 rotates the vial to a position over a segment of
the turntable 90, it deposits the vial along the path segment P1 onto the
turntable 90. Rotation of the turntable 90 (counterclockwise from the
vantage point of FIG. 12) then conveys the vial to and through the gap 93
and into the exception area 98, where it can be removed by a technician.

[0057]If instead the operations performed by the vision station 24 and the
spectroscopic station 26 verify that the dispensed pharmaceutical is the
prescribed pharmaceutical, the controller 200 instructs the gate 96 to
move to an open position (FIG. 13), in which the gate 96 covers the gap
93. The vial can then follow path segments P1 and P2 between the inner
and outer walls 94, 100. Continued rotation conveys the vial to the
surface of the arcuate portion 94b of the inner wall 94 opposite the
wheel conveyor 32, then to the pocket 102. The verified vial can then be
retrieved from the pocket 102.

[0058]Those skilled in this art will recognize that other configurations
for offloading vials may be suitable for use with the present invention.
For example, some offload stations may not physically separate approved
and exception vials, but instead may rely on visual indicia on the vial
to notify a technician of exceptions. Some embodiments may employ lanes,
chutes or suction tubes rather than a turntable to separate exceptions
and/or to offload vials. Other configurations will be apparent to those
of skill in this art.

[0059]Referring now to FIG. 14, the sequence and concurrency of operations
are shown therein. As can be seen in FIG. 14, the vision, spectroscopy
and stamping stations 24, 26, 28 are idle as the sliding conveyor 39
moves the vial from the vial loading station 21 to a position in front of
the bar code scanner 49. As the bar code is scanned, the wheel conveyor
32 rotates 90 degrees. Once the wheel conveyor 32 has rotated, the
sliding conveyor 39 moves the vial to the opening 35, moving the door 37
to an open position while doing so. Simultaneously, the floor section 61
of the spectroscopy station 26 is lowered, the stamping device 82 stamps
a vial in the stamping station 28, and the turntable 90 is activated and
begins to rotate. As the scanned vial drops through the opening 35 and
into the vision chamber 51, the spectroscopic probe 66 acquires a
spectrum of a vial, and the gate 93 moves to its open or closed position
(if necessary). After the vial drops into the vision chamber, an image is
taken in the vision station 24, the floor section 61 is raised to its
level position, and the turntable 90 ceases its rotation. At this point
the imaging, spectroscopy, and stamping steps are complete, and a
previously stamped vial has been offloaded. The process is then repeated
when another vial is scanned in the bar code scanning station 22.
Software for the controller 200 that enables it to control operation of
the system 20 is described in co-pending and co-assigned U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 61/118,011 and U.S. patent application Ser. No.
______ (Attorney Docket No. 9335-72), supra.

[0060]Those of skill in this art will understand that the afore-described
sequence/concurrence of steps is exemplary of one embodiment only, and
may be varied for other embodiments of the invention, particularly if
some stations are omitted, more or fewer recesses are present in the
wheel conveyor, and/or other types of conveyors are employed.

[0061]The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to
be construed as limiting thereof. Although exemplary embodiments of this
invention have been described, those skilled in the art will readily
appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary
embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and
advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are
intended to be included within the scope of this invention. The following
claims are provided to ensure that the present application meets all
statutory requirements as a priority application in all jurisdictions and
shall not be construed as setting forth the scope of the invention.