Tag: "until" at biology news

...e protease inhibitors that had proven so effective until the recent emergence of drug-resistant mutants. The new drug possibilities flow out of a long series of molecular dynamics simulations by McCammon's group. These simulations have focused on the catalytic domain of HIV-1 integrase, and relied on the ...

...s difficult, and patients are often not identified until the condition is quite advanced. Agilent's new microarray techniques in comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) will allow researchers to rapidly and reliably identify genetic changes in tumorous cells. It is believed that specific genetic changes m...

...gles in oceanographic time series has been elusive until this study. The biological shifts are more than random wiggles. On the contrary, and to their surprise, the researchers found that some key physical characteristics of the North Pacific, such as sea surface temperature (which were suspected to show ...

...r gene activity. "REST keeps the brake on lightly until a trigger tells embryonic stem cells it's time to make a neuron," Mandel said. The cell then triggers the expression of an ensemble of genes that coordinates nervous system development by removing REST in three distinct phases, ending with shutting d...

...generation 75 percent Churro. They keep doing this until the sheep are 93 percent Churro. The collection could also be used by breeders or researchers to introduce genetic variation into existing Churro populations. At one time, there were 2 million of these sheep. In 1977, when conservation efforts star...

...s not considered to be a serious threat to Florida until now," said Nan-Yao Su, a professor of entomology with UF's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, or UF/IFAS. "I thought it could not survive north of the tropics, and I am puzzled by its rapid spread in South Florida." The pest (Coptotermes g...

... rhizomania was bred into sugar beet varieties and until 2002, that was effective, Rush said. But with only one gene selected for resistance, the plant virus mutated and overcame the resistant gene. "We're going in now and looking at the molecular makeup of the plant virus," he said. Making trips to the ...

...on of gamma-delta T cells have remained mysterious until recently. As Robert Frost put it, Wiest pointed out: "Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference." "Gamma-delta T cells represent the road less traveled," Wiest said. "However, the rol...

...ial world, has long been recognized as common. But until now scientists did not know which of a bacterium's genes came from lateral gene transfer and which had been inherited from its parent. In their study, the scientists focused on the best-studied group of bacteria, the Gamma-Proteobacteria. It include...

...onary time, these populations mutate independently until individuals from distinct populations can no longer interbreed and become new species. What explains the evolution of a huge number of closely related fish species on reefs in an open undersea world where currents constantly stir the waters, washing...

...limited rabies in Ohio to sporadic cases from 1997 until 2004, when a single rabid animal was detected - 11 kilometers beyond the buffer zone - in northeastern Ohio. By modelling the spread of past outbreaks, the authors had already shown that local transmission was significantly reduced when townships wer...

... collected easily and kept alive in the laboratory until needed, she said. Other researchers had previously shown that the marrow stromal cells could be induced to transform into neuronal cells, but it wasn’t clear whether, or how, the cells could be further transformed into useful specialized neurons. I...

...s of age. The rest will not have advanced symptoms until they are about 6 years old. The study, published May 11 in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggests that early treatment might be appropriate for at least some apparently healthy infected infants. “There is a significant difference ...

...s gradually increase sleep over a period of months until they reach normal adult levels. As the newborns gr...ger from predators, help maintain body temperature until mass and blubber insulation develop, allow frequent respiration at the surface, and facilitate rapid...

...ents around the world and then grown in armadillos until the samples were large enough to analyze. They focused on genetic sequences known to be dynamic -- to move around, copy themselves or disappear -- and thus most likely to reflect evolutionary change, but found strikingly little variation. Next, the ...

... genome, their control sequences have been elusive until now. "Promoters are a type of genetic switch that turn gene expression on or off. If we know where the promoters are, we can study how the genetic switches work in a cell, and investigate their connection to human diseases," said Dr. Ren, who is also...

... primary care provider from one month before birth until the child reaches age five. In their cost analysis, the researchers also ensured that treatment for the major causes of child death were available to all children who needed them. Universal coverage levels from 2000 for drugs and other materials, del...

...ture competes with formation of the DNA constraint until a chemical balance is reached," Silverman said. "In some cases, the DNA is like a barnacle, just stuck onto the RNA without perturbing its structure. In other cases, the DNA changes the RNA structure. We can predict which situation will occur based o...

...ern Ocean has been a closed book to oceanographers until recently. Now, through smaller research studies using modern technology, they have identified the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, a powerful force flowing from west to east moving 145 million cubic meters of water per second, more than the combined fl...

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