Reproductive strategy in which fertilisation occurs internally and the eggs develop inside the body of the mother until hatched, at which point live offspring are born. There is no placental connection between mother and embryo unlike in viviparous species.

Crescent or U-shaped lake formed when a meander of a river or stream is separated from the main channel. Less commonly used in reference to any U-shaped bend in a river or stream whether separated or not.

Chemical process whereby an atom or ion loses electrons and undergoes a subsequent increase in valence; the combination of a substance with oxygen; the act or result of being oxidised. Opposite of reduction.