Chapter 10 Question Deck

1) In many parts of the world, human activities are causing the depletion of water in rivers and lakes. In those regions, which of the following would most likely help?

c) switch to agricultural products that require less water

2) Learning lessons from the disaster of the Aral Sea, if the tributaries to a lake are cut off, we will expect that

B) the lake will increase in salinity.

3) The decline of the Aral Sea was largely the result of

A) use of its tributaries for irrigation.

4) Which of the following is more related to water quality than water quantity?

B) sewage treatment facilities

5) The decline of the polar ice caps because of increasing temperatures at the poles will

B) decrease the largest reserve of fresh water on Earth.

6) Water in the oceans may become fresh water available to humans through the processes of

A) evaporation and condensation.

7) The largest reserves of fresh water on Earth are found in

D) polar ice caps and glaciers.

8) Most of the water on Earth is found in

D) oceans.

9) Fog is more likely to form when air temperatures are

A) colder than the surrounding land.

10) If a cold front moves into a moist region

B) the chances of precipitation will increase.

11) Which of the following involves blue water?

A) percolation of water through soil

12) Which of the following are processes that generally reverse each other?

A) evaporation and precipitation

13) The kinetic energy of water is at its lowest when

C) ice forms.

14) The kinetic energy of water is at its greatest when

A) water evaporates.

15) Which of the following contributes the most to global warming?

B) humidity in the air

16) We expect the highest relative humidity on a soccer field during the summer on a

D) cool evening after a storm.

17) Increasing the kinetic energy of liquid water enough to permit water molecules to break completely away from each other occurs a

A) steam forms.

18) Which of the following is an example of condensation?

C) the formation of clouds

19) Humidity is highest when relative humidity is

B) high at high temperatures.

20) In the figure, blue water is represented by

rain

21) Which of the following promotes the formation of clouds?

A) dust

22) Water is naturally purified by

A) evaporation and condensation.

23) Distilling salt water to make fresh water relies upon the processes of

C) evaporation and condensation.

24) Some lakes have river and stream tributaries but no outlet, losing water mainly through evaporation. Over time, we expect that such lakes will

C) become saltier.

25) Which of the following would we expect on the leeward sides of mountain ranges?

B) deserts

26) As a cold front moves into an area of warm, moist air, we would expect to see cloud formation as

A) the warm air rises and condenses.

27) In the United States, we expect that rain shadows most frequently occur on

A) the leeward, east side of mountain ranges.

28) Hadley cells at the equator consist of

A) rising, moist air that produces precipitation and rain forests, and falling dry air associated with deserts.

30) Which of the following situations is most likely to have the lowest infiltration-runoff ratio?

A) a paved parking lot

31) A rural farmer most likely obtains drinking water by drilling a deep well to use

A) gravitational water that has percolated through soil and accumulated as groundwater.

32) About 99% of all liquid fresh water on Earth is found in

C) underground aquifers.

33) Which one of the following is fed by groundwater and often drained by seeps or springs?

B) aquifers

34) In Costa Rica, a heavy downpour provides water that quickly evaporates or is absorbed and released by the dense vegetation of the tropical rain forest. This is an example of a cycle using

A) condensation, evaporation, and green water.

35) Gutters and storm sewers in a city are most concerned with the

B) surface runoff loop.

36) Which one of the following loops is least susceptible to pollution?

A) evapotranspiration loop.

37) Rainwater flows quickly over a grassland, filling lazy streams and soaking deeply into the ground. Days later, vegetation near seeps grows quickly and the grassland seems to come to life. This scene best represents which of the following two loops?

B) surface runoff loop and groundwater loop

38) Wetlands store and release water most like which component of the water cycle?

B) groundwater reservoirs

39) If a plowed farm field were converted back to natural prairie, we would expect that

C) erosion of the soil would decrease.

40) How has converting prairies to plowed land changed the streams and rivers in the affected watersheds?

D) water flow has increased

41) The impact of global warming on the water cycle is expected to produce

A) more precipitation.

42) Regions where humans produce high levels of aerosols and dust will most likely experience

A) less rainfall and reduced solar radiation to the Earth's surface.

43) Which of the following does not speed up the global hydrologic cycle

a) increased atmospheric pollution with aerosol particles

45) A zookeeper arrives at work and begins her day by filling up the coffeemaker with tap water. Washing some vegetables off in a sink, she prepares meals for the monkeys. Later in the day, she washes down the animals enclosures into the zoos sewage system and sprinkles the plants growing nearby. What did the zookeeper do that represents a consumptive use of water?

C) using water for the plants

44) Air descending from the top of a mountain is most likely to

B) increase in temperature and evaporate water from the soil.

46) The greatest worldwide use of water is for

A) irrigation.

47) In developing countries, contaminated water is responsible for the deaths of more than 1.6 million people. Contributing to this problem is the use of

C) surface waters for consumption and the disposal of human sewage.

48) Some city water treatment facilities combine storm water and sanitary sewage systems. During heavy storms, these treatment facilities may be overwhelmed with water, and untreated storm water mixes with sewage and flows directly back into the streams and rivers where treated water usually returns. What might be the best way to address this problem?

49) Groundwater as a water source may be better than surface water because

A) groundwater may be naturally purified by percolation through soil.

50) Which one of the following is not likely to result from damming a river?

C) the frequency and severity of floods increases

51) When freshwater inflows into estuaries are reduced,

A) salt water intrudes into the system.

B) exotic species of plants and invertebrates invade the estuary.

C) populations of native species decline.

D) All of the above.

52) If water is depleted from an aquifer faster than the recharge rate,

D) sinkholes may form

53) Saltwater intrusion occurs

B) in coastal regions where the water table is falling.

54) Which of the following would cause a rising water table?

A) increased precipitation

55) As world populations increase

A) the greatest increases in water demands will occur in the developing world.

B) water demands will nearly double in the developing world.

C) irrigation demands for water will nearly double.

D) All of the above are tru

56) As global populations increase demands for water and global warming continues, the most sustainable source of water for poor developing countries are

B) dams to capture runoff water.

57) Dams typically

B) create important water reservoirs.

58) Hydroelectric power

A) generally requires the construction of dams.

B) does not contribute to global warming.

C) is a renewable source of energy.

D) All of the above.

59) The Three Gorges Dam

A) is the centerpiece of the Chinese government's efforts to join the modern, industrial age.

B) will require the relocation of 4-5 million people.

C) is the largest hydroelectric project in the world.

D) All of the above.

60) Wild and scenic rivers, protected by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968

C) protects these regions like national parks.

61) The single greatest threat to irrigated agriculture i

A) groundwater depletion.

62) The greatest threats to ground water supplies are

A) groundwater pollution and depletion.

63) Agricultural fields that must be irrigated to sustain a crop will eventually

C) accumulate toxic levels of salts from evaporation.

64) Desalination plants, such as the one just completed in Tampa Bay,

A) produce water as inexpensively as groundwater supplies.

B) is unfortunately not a sustainable source of water.

C) produce enough water for local agricultural crops such as corn.

D) None of the above.

65) Which of the following is the most sustainable source of water in the face of global warming?

A) using windmills to generate electricity to desalinate seawater

66) In the United States, over the past 30 years, the population has

B) increased but the amount of water each person consumes has decreased.

67) Resource planners have changed the way they think about water and now consider

D) how much is available and how can we best use it.

68) Drip irrigation systems are

C) producing greater crop yields.

69) Treadle pumps

A) work like a step exercise machine.

B) pump groundwater from just a few feet below the surface to a field.

C) are in use in eastern Asia and parts of Africa.

D) All of the above.

70) As cities in the United States grow, they are finding that the increased water demands are best addressed by

D) conservation measures.

71) Which of the following is not an example of gray water?

A) water from a sink

B) water from a toilet

C) water from a clothes washer

D) water from a shower

b

72) Which of the following is not typically used in developing countries to address water shortages?

A) till the soil thoroughly before planting crops

73) In the southwestern United States, where water wars are increasing, San Diego acquired more water for domestic use by

B) purchasing irrigation water by paying farmers to take their land out of production.

74) Which one of the following is true?

A) The US Environmental Protection Agency frequently addresses questions of water quantity.

B) Most water policy decisions in the United States are made at national levels.

C) Many countries have addressed their water resources and water needs with a national policy.

D) All of the choices are true.

c

75) Some people have thought that a big solution to water shortages in the southwestern United States is to create a large canal between the Great Lakes and the southwest. Why is this suggestion probably not sustainable?

C) it could deplete water levels in the great lakes

76) The authors urge a national policy for the United States that

B) increases water subsidies.

77) Stewardship of water resources includes

A) the needs of natural ecosystems and endangered species.

B) the reduction of wasteful use of water.

C) the need for good water for developing societies.

D) All of the above

78) The lessons of water management in Darewadi, India reveal the

A) positive changes that can result from proper watershed management.

80) The wind patterns indicated by arrows in the figure are primarily the result of