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ACUTE EXPOSURE INFORMATION

At the time of this review, few toxicologic data were available for 3-chloropropionitrile. It can be metabolized to CYANIDE. This review is based on the effects of propionitrile (a closely related compound), on other nitriles, and cyanide.

In one reported case of human propionitrile poisoning, rapid loss of consciousness and metabolic acidosis were noted, symptoms consistent with cyanide poisoning. Most of the toxicity of propionitrile results from release of cyanide. Propionitrile ingestion caused perforating duodenal ulceration in experimental animals.

This review is based on the effects of nitriles and cyanide. Nausea, vomiting, palpitations, confusion, hyperventilation, anxiety, and vertigo may appear with mild cyanide poisoning.

More severe cyanide poisoning involves a sequence of flushing, tachycardia, tachypnea, headache, dizziness, agitation, stupor, coma, apnea, generalized convulsions, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias and conduction defects, and death. Cyanosis is generally a late finding and does not occur until the stage of circulatory collapse and apnea.