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Great question! A good place to start is the faceted search tool on Typekit, which gives options for the main types of typeface and the main dimensions they can be measured against:
So you could look for Typekit options that seem to match, and try them out.
As you choose descriptions you can instantly see the sort of fonts that come up, so you can tell ...

Any font has built-in spacing determined by the "side bearing" of each character. In metal type, the side bearing is the physical right or left edge of the individual piece of type that determines its spacing from the characters on either side. Digital fonts mimic this in the basic design process.
"To kern" means to adjust the spacing between a pair of ...

From the Wikipedia article on letter spacing:
In typography, letter-spacing, also called tracking, refers to the amount of space between a group of letters to affect density in a line or block of text.
Letter-spacing can be confused with kerning. Letter-spacing refers to the overall spacing of a word or block of text affecting its overall density ...

Two spaces after a period at the end of a sentence started when the typewriter replaced hand set printing presses. When type was set by hand the spacing was carefully crafted to make sentences and paragraphs easier to read. Typewriters use a monospace font that make it hard to distinguish the end of a sentence without adding the extra space.
Modern fonts ...

Technical documents will have a deeply nested, hierarchical structure, and also make use of footnotes, different types of emphasis, cross-referencing, pull outs and side bars of one sort of another and captions. The main distinguishing feature of technical documents tends to be complex structure.
For headings, you can use any reasonably legible font; this ...

Of the original "web-safe" (that is, as close to universal as you'll get on the Web) sans-serifs (Arial, Impact, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, Verdana), Verdana tends to get the most love. It's well-designed and is designed to be readable on the screen. It was designed by Matthew Carter, a respected typeface designer, and the design itself is pretty original, so it ...

The older convention was that the style of punctuation matched the immediately preceding context:
That's the Chicago Manual of Style (3rd edition, 1911), but the same convention can be seen in a French equivalent: Désiré Greffier, Les règles de la composition typographique (Paris: A. Muller, 1897), pp. 54-55.
And it's not only an older convention, as the ...

My advice as a parent
Kids of that age don't read books, they look at books and enjoy the images, colors and stuff.
Other people read those book to kids under the following conditions:
Bad light (because it's bed time)
The head of the kid in between the book and the reader
A never steady book, because the kids like to help holding it
As a result, use a ...

The science of readability is by no means new, and some of the best research comes from advertising works in the early 80s. This information is still relevant today.
First up is this quote from a paper titled “Improving the legibility of visual display units through contrast reversal”. In present time we think of contrast reversal meaning black-on-white, ...

There are several reasons why you might end up kerning type.
Well-made and carefully designed typefaces include a kerning table that provides applications with instructions on how to adjust space between letters when they are displayed in text.
Unfortunately, there is no way to account for every single letter relationship at every single possible size. ...

Technical documents are often set in sans-serif. There are a couple of reasons why this is preferred over its serif counterpart:
Serif typefaces are usually designed to be as transparent to the reader as possible. In a novel, reading should be a fluid activity, and the typeface must not call attention to itself. Technical documents are often filled with ...

Why justify
Justification can make an important contribution to extended reading: Taming the visual 'noise' in a page of text. Nick Shinn made a particularly keen observation in this regard on Typophile:
Justification avoids the "interference" of having shapes and
coinicidences occur at the right column edge, which can be a
distraction, as the ...

Regardless of @Scott's answer about the etiquette of avoiding ampersands in body text alltogther, there is a typographic recommendation to place connector words like "and" or "or" at the end of the line, not at the beginning of the new line. This helps to better connect the previous line to the next.
THIS IS A LONG HEADLINE AND
CONTINUES ON LINE TWO
is ...

While this is primarily a list of sites, know that browsing a website is not the only way to look for typefaces. Some type foundries still publish specimen catalogs, and some now have mobile apps and Adobe plugins. Many will also have e-mail newsletters to update on new things.
Myfonts.com
Fontfont.com
Typophile.com
Letterheadfonts.com
Linotype.com
...

Look at the red below:
We do have some good questions on this such as:
Difference between kerning vs letter spacing?
What is kerning and what is the point of it?
The way I would come up with the kerning in this example is to use the given tracking. Example of this here:
Do note that the kerning is subjective in nature and is typically ones ...

There are two types of ligatures.
Type 1: The reason ligatures exist is to prevent spaces between some letters which could disturb your reading flow. For example in some fonts "fi" overlap each other or especialy "fl". In order to find a solution for this problem, ligatures were invented, each becoming just one letter on the typeblock:
Normal letters vs ...

The main thing I keep in mind when pairing fonts is this:
Is the second font saying something different?
The answer will not necessarily determine whether you should or shouldn't pair the fonts, but it's very important.
often adding another font to the design adds nothing other than unneeded complexity and busyness.
It's also important that the font you're ...

There is a great article called Designing for Dyslexics, and it's divided in three parts. Part 3 is about typography:
Part 1 (Definition of dyslexia, population size, implications/effects)
Part 2 (Lower color contrast & visually impaired users)
Part 3 (Typography, layouts, language style, information architecture, screen readers)
Here is a extract, ...

Stiff, P. (1996). The end of the line: a survey of unjustified typography. Information Design Journal, 8(2), 125–152.
No empirical data, but a good overview. Science would tell us that inconsistent word-spacing as a result of justification may inhibit saccadic eye movement by creating irregular “jumps” for the eye to make.
I have not read a study that ...

Fifteen Centuries of Versals
There are many ways to indicate the beginning (or resumption) of a section of text, including paragraph indents, blank lines, changing the weight or style of the opening part of the text, ornamentation like fleurons — and versals, a category that includes drop caps.
A Manuscript Example
Versals, also known as lettrines, ...

In Illustrator, you can use a Mesh Envelope distort to non-destructively warp text like this:
Select your text object, then use Object > Envelope Distort > Make With Mesh... and add however many rows and columns you need to get the desired effect. I used 16 rows and 1 column in my example.

Robert Bringhurst's Elements of Typographic Style is a thorough and wonderful reference for things like this. It's long but very valuable.
A lot of designers recommend a standard grid of lines so that a line+padding will always fit within, say, 16 pixels. So anything less than that would have a line height of 16, everything above that would have line height ...

Advertising. While it's a noble idea that it was done for readability, newspapers, in general, have columns that are overly narrow compared to most given readability information/data.
Having multiple columns allows for a very versatile ad grid, and, traditionally, newspapers were in the business of selling ads.
It also allows more stories to appear on ...

I would use half the width of the vertical for kerning between most areas (magenta rectangles) then the full width of the vertical on either side of the ls (orange rectangles).
If you want a more open and airy feeling, you might consider using the full width of the vertical for most areas and then double the width around the ls.
I would also shorten the ...

They are file formats for storing font information.
TrueType was invented by Apple as a competition to Adobe's PostScript Type1. Both TrueType and PostScript fonts became the standard file formats for fonts for the past 3 decades or so of desktop publishing. In terms of your average designer, the differences between the two are relatively unimportant.
...

Characters that could be interchanged, indeed, would save money in the days of moveable type.
That said, the '1' and 'l' were given spots in the typical job case:
When typewriters came along, the mechanics dictates that the fewer characters meant the fewer bars needed, which was a huge benefit giving the limited space. As such, early typewriters omitted ...