The cost of environmental and risk regulations on the economy has risen
from $80 billion per year in 1977 to an estimated $267 billion in 2000.
Source: T.D. Hopkins, "Regulatory Costs in Profile,"
Center for the Study of American Business.

The annual budget of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), one
of the major federal agencies implementing environmental policy, has risen
from $1.289 billion in fiscal year 1971 to $7.8 billion in fiscal year
2000. During the period, the EPA's staff grew from 5,500 to 18,735 full-time
employees. Expenditures by the Fish and Wildlife Service, the federal agency
charged with enforcing endangered species protection laws, was $1.25 billion
in fiscal year 2000. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

EPA estimated that the total cost of environmental protection between
1971 and 2000 would amount to $3.6 trillion (1997 dollars). The costs for
pollution control as a percent of gross national product have more than
doubled, from 0.9 percent in 1972 to 2.4 percent in 1997. Source:
Alan Carlin, Environmental Investments: The Cost of a Clean Environment,
A Summary, EPA.

The Clean Air Act was 50 pages long when it was enacted in 1970 but
the amendments added to the act in 1990 were 800 pages in length. The Superfund
law was 19 pages long when enacted in 1980. After reauthorization in 1986,
the Superfund law was 200 pages. Source: Murray Weidenbaum,
The New Wave of Environmental Regulation: The Impacts on Business and Consumers,
Center for the Study of American Business, 1991.

A family of four pays $3,000 per year to support environmental programs.
Source: Alan Carlin, Environmental Investments: The Cost
of a Clean Environment, A Summary, EPA.