Adams, Ramon F. The Language of the Railroader. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,
1977. Expressions used by railroaders and telegraphers.

Ahvenainen, Jorma. "The Far Eastern Telegraphs: The History of Telegraphic Communications
between the Far East, Europe and America before the First World War." Suomalaisen
Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia, Sarja-Ser. B, Nide-Tom 216 (1981). Building the world-wide
network of undersea telegraph cables in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

Ahvenainen, Jorma. "The History of the Caribbean Telegraphs
before the First World War." Suomalainen
Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia, nide 283 (1996). The history of the
telegraph in the Caribbean before 1920.

Albion, Robert G. "The Communication Revolution." American Historical
Review 37 (July 1932), 718-20. An early and prescient essay which noted
the impact of communications on industrial development.

Anderson, Margo. "The History of Women and the History of Statistics." Journal of Women's
History 4, no. 1 (spring 1992): 14-36. An analysis of the underrepresentation of women in the U.
S. Census.

Andrews, J. Cutler. "The Southern Telegraph Company, 1861-1865: A Chapter
in the History of Wartime Communications." The Journal of Southern History
XXX (1964): 319-344. The use of the telegraph in the Confederacy during
the Civil War.

Andrews, Melodie. " 'What The Girls Can Do': The Debate Over the Employment of Women in
the Early American Telegraph Industry." Essays in Economic and Business History 8 (1990): 109-120. The early history of women in the telegraph industry and their letters to the Telegrapher.

Annals of Cleveland. Works Progress Administration in Ohio, 1938. Advertisements for
telegraphic schools.

Bektas, Yakup. "The Sultan's Messenger: Cultural Constructions of Ottoman
Telegraphy, 1847-1880." Technology and Culture 41 (2000): 669-96.
The telegraphic system in the Ottoman Empire and its cultural impact.

Berry, Ralph Edward. The Work of Juniors in the Telegraph Service. Berkeley: University of
California Division of Vocational Education, April 1922. Job descriptions for telegraph industry
workers.

Berthold, Victor Maximilian. History of the Telephone and Telegraph
in Colombia, S.A., 1865-1921. New York: 1921. Development of the telegraph
system in Colombia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Berthold, Victor Maximilian. History of the Telephone and Telegraph
in the Argentine Republic, 1857-1921. New York: 1921. Development of the telegraph
system in Argentina in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Berthold, Victor Maximilian. History of the Telephone and Telegraph
in Uruguay, 1886-1925. New York: 1925. Development of the telegraph
system in Uruguay in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Blondheim, Menahem. News Over the Wires: The Telegraph and the Flow of Public Information
in America, 1844-1897. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1994. The telegraph and the birth of
the Associated Press.

Bouvier, Jeanne. Histoire des Dames Employees dans les Postes, Telegraphes et Telephones de
1714 a 1929. Paris: Les Presses Universitaires de France, 1930. The history of the employment
of women in the French post, telegraph, and telephone administration (In French).

Brady, Jasper Ewing. Tales of the Telegraph: The Story of a Telegrapher's
Life and Adventures in Railroad, Commercial, and Military Work.
New York: Doubleday & McClure, 1899. Tales and reminiscences from the life
of a telegraph operator.

Brock, Gerald W. The Telecommunications Industry: The Dynamics of Market Structure.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981. The development of the telecommunications
industry and the role of Western Union.

Brooks, John. Telephone: The First Hundred Years. New York: Harper and Row, 1976. The
development of the telephone industry.

Buckingham, Charles. "The Telegraph of To-day." Scribner's Magazine, July 1889, 3-22. The
American telegraph industry in 1889, as described by Western Union's legal counsel.

Burman, Shirley. "Women and the American Railroad--Documentary Photography." Journal of
the West, April 1994, 36-41. Women as railroad workers.

Butler, Elizabeth Beardsley. Women and the Trades: Pittsburgh 1907-8. Pittsburgh: University
of Pittsburgh Press, 1984. Women as telegraphers and the strike of 1907.

Cammon, H. M. "Women's Work and Wages." Harper's Magazine, April 1869, 665-670. A
discussion of women's wages from a working woman's viewpoint.

Carnegie, Andrew. Autobiography. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1920.
Carnegie's rise from telegrapher to corporate magnate; a mention of the telegraphic work of his
cousin, Maria Hogan.

Carter, Kate. The Story of Telegraphy. Salt Lake City: Daughters of Utah Pioneers, 1961. The
story of the Mormon women telegraphers of the Deseret Telegraph in the nineteenth centuryWest.

Choudhury, Deep Kanta Lahiri. "'Beyond the Reach of Monkeys and Men':
O'Shaughnessy and the Telegraph in India, circa 1830-1856."
Indian Economic and Social History Review,
vol. XXVII(3), July-Sept 2000, 331-360. The development of the telegraph system
in India and the work of Dr. William O'Shaughnessy.

Choudhury, Deep Kanta Lahiri. "India's First Virtual Community
and the Telegraph Strike of 1908."
International Review of Social History,
vol. 48, issue S11. 2003, 45-71. The telegraph strike of 1908
in India.

Choudhury, Deep Kanta Lahiri. Telegraphic Imperialism: Crisis and Panic in the
Indian Empire, c. 1830. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series, 2010.
Development of the telegraphic network in India c. 1850 to 1920 and its relationship to social change.

Clarke, Thomas Curtis, et. al. The American Railway: Its Construction, Management, and
Appliances. New York, 1897; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1976. A description of the work of
railroad workers, including telegraphers.

Coe, Lewis. The Telegraph: A History of Morse's Invention and Its Predecessors in the United
States. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland and Co., 1993. A history of telegraphy and telegrapher's
slang.

Commercial Telegraphers' Union of America Journal. The journal of the Commercial
Telegraphers' Union, published from 1902 to 1968.

Conot, Robert. A Streak of Luck. New York: Seaview Books, 1979. The life of Thomas A.
Edison.

"The Dangers of Wired Love." Electrical World, 13 February 1886, 68-69. The story of New
York telegrapher Maggie McCutcheon.

Davies, Margery. Woman's Place Is at The Typewriter. Philadelphia: Temple University Press,
1982. Women as clerical workers in the nineteeth century.

Douglas, Paul H. Real Wages in the United States 1890-1926. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Company, 1930. Analysis of the wages of telegraph and telephone operators.

Downey, Gregory J. Telegraph Messenger Boys: Labor Technology,
and Geography, 1850-1950. New York: Routledge, 2002. Analysis of
the work of telegraph messengers and the impact of geography on the
telegraph network.

DuBoff, Richard B. "Business Demand and the Development of the Telegraph
in the United States 1846-1860." Business History Review 54
(1980), 459-79. The telegraph and its relationship to the development of
industrial capitalism in the mid-nineteenth-century United States.

The Electric Telegraph: An Historical Anthology. ed. George Shiers. New York: Arno Press,
1977. Descriptions of early telegraphic apparatus.

"The First Woman Operator." Telegraph and Telephone Age, 1 October 1910, 659-60. Article
about the telegraphic work of Helen Plummer Mills in Greenville, PA in 1850.

Fison, Roger. "Is Morse Telegraphy Doomed to Extinction?" Railroad Man's Magazine, May
1917, 60-77. The teletype and its impact on the work of Morse telegraphers.

Foner,Philip. Women and the American Labor Movement: From Colonial Times to the Eve of
World War I. New York: The Free Press, 1979. Women's work in the nineteenth century.

Gabler, Edwin. The American Telegrapher: A Social History 1860-1900. New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press, 1988. A social history of telegraphers in the nineteenth century and the
strike of 1883.

Garland, Charles. "Women as Telegraphists." Economic Journal, June 1901, 251-261. An
analysis of women telegraphers in England and Europe.

Giuntini, Andrea, ed. Communication and Its Lines:
Telegraphy in the 19th Century among economy, politics, and technology..
Prato, Italy: Instituto di studi storici postali, 2004. Telegraphy in the 19th century and its
impact on the economy, politics, and technology, with focus on Europe.

Grodinsky, Julius. Jay Gould: His Business Career 1867-1892. Philadephia:
University of Pennsylvania Press, 1957. Jay Gould's involvement with the
railroad and telegraph industries.

Hagemann, Gro. "Feminism and the Sexual Division of Labour. Female Labour in the Norwegian
Telegraph Service around the Turn of the Century." Scandinavian Journal of History 10, 1985, 143-154.
Norwegian women telegraph operators, their demands for higher pay, and their connection
with the Norwegian feminist movement around 1900.

Hill, Richard, ed. The Sudan Memoirs of Carl Christian Giegler Pasha. London: Oxford
University Press, 1984. Carl Christian Giegler's career as telegraph administrator in the Sudan in
the late nineteenth century.

Israel, Paul. From Machine Shop to Industrial Laboratory: Telegraphers and the Changing
Context of American Invention, 1830-1920. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Telegraphic inventors and the telegraph industry.

James, Edward T., ed. The Papers of the Women's Trade Union League and its Principal Leaders.
Woodbridge, Conn: Research Publications, Inc., 1981. Microfilm. The Women's Trade Union
League and the telegrapher's strike of 1907.

James, Henry. In The Cage. Chicago and New York: Herbert S. Stone & Company, 1898. A
novella about the life of a woman telegraph operator in England.

Jepsen, Thomas C. Ma Kiley: The Life of a Railroad Telegrapher. El Paso, TX: Texas Western
Press, 1997. The life story of a Texas-born railroad telegrapher.

Jepsen, Thomas C. My Sisters Telegraphic: Women in the Telegraph Office, 1846-1950.
Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2000. A social history of women in
the telegraph office in the U.S. and the rest of the world.

Jepsen, Thomas C. "The Telegraph Comes to Colorado: A New Technology and its
Consequences." Essays and Monographs in Colorado History nr. 7, 1987, 1-25. The coming of
the telegraph in the 1860s and its effect on the Colorado territory.

Jepsen, Thomas C. "Women Telegraph Operators on the Western Frontier." Journal of the West,
April 1996, 72-80. Women operators in the West.

John, Richard R. Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications.
Cambridge, Mass., and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010. A comprehensive history
of American telecommunications.

Johnson, John J. "Pioneer Telegraphy in Chile 1852-1876." Stanford University Publications,
University Series, History Economics and Political Science Volume VI, Number 1 (1948). The
development of the telegraph industry in Chile.

Nickles, David Paull. "Telegraph Diplomats: The United States'
Relations with France in 1848 and 1870." Technology and Culture,
Vol. 40 Nr. 1 (January 1999), 1-25. The impact of telegraphic communications
on diplomatic correspondence between the U.S. and France.

Otis, Laura C. Networking: Communicating with Bodies and
Machines in the Nineteenth Century. Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press, 2001. Origins of the concept of networking in
telegraphy and the human nervous system.

Phillips, Barnet. "The Thorsdale Telegraphs." Atlantic Monthly, October 1876, 400-417. Short
story about romance in the telegraph office.

Plum, William R. The Military Telegraph During the Civil War in the United States. Chicago:
Jansen, McClurg & Co., 1882. The Military Telegraph in the Civil War and the telegraphic work
of Louisa Volker.

Standage, Tom. The Victorian Internet.. London: Phoenix, 1998. The early telegraph
system and its role as the "Victorian Internet."

"The Telegraph." Harper's Magazine, August 1873, 332-360. Description of the American
telegraph industry in 1873.

Telegraph Age (Telegraph and Telephone Age after 1909). Telegrapher's journal, published from
1893 to 1950.

Telegraph World. Journal of the Association of Western Union
Employees, published from 1919 to 1940.

The Telegrapher Telegrapher's journal, published from 1864 to 1877.

Thayer, Ella Cheever. Wired Love. New York: W. J. Johnston, 1880. A novel about Nattie
Rogers, a country telegrapher who moves to the city.

Thompson, Robert L. Wiring A Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United
States 1832-1866. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1947. The early history of the
telegraph industry in the U. S.

Tillotson, Shirley. "The Operators Along the Coast: A Case Study of the Link Between Gender,
Skilled Labour and Social Power, 1900-1930." Acadiensis 20 (1), 1990, 72-88. Canadian women
operators in the Maritime provinces.

Tillotson, Shirley. "'We may all soon be 'first-class men'': Gender and skill in Canada's early
twentieth century urban telegraph industry." Labour/Le Travail27, Spring 1991, 97-125. Women
operators in Canada in the early twentieth century.

Towers, Walter Kellogg. From Beacon Fire to Radio: The Story of Long-distance
Communication. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1924. A history of telecommunications.

Ulriksson, Vidkunn. The Telegraphers: Their Craft and Their Unions. Washington, DC: Public
Affairs Press, 1953. A history of the telegrapher's unions and strikes.

Zhou, Yongming.Historicizing Online Politics: Telegraphy,
The Internet, and Political Participation in China. Stanford, California:
Stanford University Press, 2006. Historical perspective on the development of the telegraph system in
China.