The bodies of the last two miners missing in the Turkish coal mine disaster have been recovered, bringing the death toll in the country's worst industrial accident to 301.

Turkey's energy minister, Taner Yildiz, announced the end of the search effort while attending a funeral for some of the workers killed in the disaster.

He said 301 miners had been killed, while another 485 escaped or were rescued after the mine was rocked by an explosion last Tuesday (local time).

Government and company officials have denied that negligence caused the disaster, as opposition lawmakers raised questions about mine oversight, and a survivor said safety inspectors never visited the lower reaches of the mine.

The disaster has led to a number of angry protests throughout the country, fuelled by accusations of negligence by mine operators and what many saw as a heartless response from the government.

Prime minister Tayyip Erdogan has presided over a decade of rapid economic growth, but worker safety standards have failed to keep pace, leaving Turkey with one of the world's worst industrial accident records.

The local governor has now banned all gatherings in Soma and the city itself has been put into lockdown, with checkpoints set up throughout the town and dozens already arrested for trying to enter.

In Istanbul's Taksim Square, crowds gathered to protest both the mine owners they believe could have prevented the deaths, and the government which has defended them.

Several unions have reportedly called 24-hour strikes, blaming privatisation for the disaster.

Mr Erdogan has survived mass demonstrations and a corruption probe into his government over the past year to remain Turkey's dominant politician, but now risks alienating conservative, working-class voters that form his party's base.

There was wide media coverage of footage apparently showing Mr Erdogan slapping a man as locals jeered his entourage when he visited Soma this week.

Anger was intensified by a photograph of an aide kicking a protester held down by police special forces.

On Friday, the mining company managers held a fractious news conference where they said an unexplained build-up of heat was thought to have led part of the mine to collapse, fanning a blaze which spread rapidly more than two kilometres under the surface.