Вход

вход по аккаунту

Патент USA US3021284

код для вставки на сайт или в блог

Ширина: (aвто)

Высота:

ссылки на документ

адрес страницы документа

адрес полноэкранного варианта

короткий адрес

Feb. 13, 1962
3,021,275
A. SESTINI
ELECTRON DISCHARGE APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT
OF PLASTIC MATERIALS
Filed Dec. 20, 1956
2 Sheets-Sheet 1
Hg. 1
0
llllll'l
F
HHMIHHIHII
Feb. 13, 1962
A. SESTINI
ELECTRON DISCHARGE APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT
OF PLASTIC MATERIALS
Filed Dec. 20, 1956
3,021,275
2 Sheets-Sheet 2
29 a
29
D.
3,®Zl,275
Patented Feb. 13, 1962
2
oscillating system including a triode 8, whose grid circuit
3,021,275
ELECTRON DISCHARGE APPARATUS FOR
TREATMENT 6F PLASTIC MATERIALS
Amerigo Sestini, Via Pisana 59, Florence, Italy
Filed Dec. 20, 1956, Ser. No. 629,725
Claims priority, application Italy Dec. 2%, 1955
1 Claim. (Cl. 204-—312)
includes a variable resistor 9. The self-oscillating circuit
is completed by a transformer 10 which includes two
coupled and calibrated windings to make the system oscil
late at the frequency required, and whose high voltage
secondary, oscillating at the frequency imposed by the
triode system, is connected to two pairs of electrodes
11a, 11b and 12a, 12b respectively; said electrodes being
appropriately and mutually close to one another. A
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for
treatment of surfaces of materials to be printed upon, 10 dielectric material 13 is inserted between the plate-like
particularly sheets or strips or pre-formed elements of
electrodes of each pair of electrodes 11a, 11b and 12a,
12b.
The material to be treated, generically indicated in 14
is passed between the electrodes of the two pairs of elec
in the surface portion of such material, thereby making
15 trodes and thus is submitted to the aforesaid molecular
said inks practically indelible.
.
I
surface treatment due to the electric ?eld generated as
The procedure consists of providing an electronic bom
abovementioned. The surface modi?cation of the ma
bardment, that is, a passage of electrons through the
terial, obtained with this procedure, is higher in corre
sheets of the materials to be treated. The method prac
plastic materials, as for example but not exclusively, of ‘
polyethylene, in order to assure the stable ?xing of inks
spondence of the surface directly facing the electrode and
tically consists in passing a high intensity electric ?eld
through the material to be treated and is characterized 20 lower in correspondence of the surface facing or in slid
ing contact with the dielectric material 13. Thus the
by the fact that the electric ?eld is alternating polarity
preliminary treatment prior to the printing is obtained
and of high frequency. _It seems that, by means of the '
on one surface and thereupon the material 14 is intro
treatment of the plastic material in accordance to the
duced into the apparatus.
invention, the atom of hydrogen is removed from the
surface portion of the sheet while its ionization is effected. 25 The presence of the dielectric material 13, preferably
formed of synthetic resin, assures a uniformity of the
The apparatus according to the invention substantially L
electrical discharge on the entire surface of the plates, in
includes two electrodes, between which a high frequency
such manner as to obtain a substantially uniform bom
and high voltage electric ?eld is generated and said elec
bardment thereof.
trodes being fed or supplied by a corresponding alternate
The adjustable resistor 9 of the grid circuit of the
voltage and also includes means for the handling of said 30
material, thereby passing said pre-formed elements to‘ triode 8 is varied in accordance to the thickness of the
material to be treated, to the intensity of the treatment
be treated respectively, through said ?eld.
required, and also in relation to the passage speed of the
The apparatus, which may include a generator or a
material 14.
l
current recti?er for the supply of a levelled current, is
more particularly provided with a high frequency self 35 _ The apparatus may be combined with an extrusion
the electrical ?eld, particularly wth relation to the thick
machine, and to a printing machine for the treatment of
the material to be printed. The apparatus may also be
alone and include winding and unwinding means.
In accordance to what is shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 nu
meral 21 denotes a casing forming the main structure of
the machine and contains the electric, electronic and
electro-mechanical members for the movement of the
mechanical members and for the generation of the high
part of the self-oscillating system.
mechanical motion, with an appropriate speed regulator
For the treatment of endless sheets or ?attened pipes
or tubes, the apparatus includes means for the unwinding
24. This arrangement allows a relatively slow rotation.
of a main vertical shaft 25, which is mounted in the casing
21 in bearings 26 and emerges out of said casing at the
upper portion to engage a circular table 27. This table
oscillating system and with a step-up transformer, whose ‘
secondary is connected to the electrodes generating said
electric ?eld. In practice there are arrangements for the
use of several pairs of electrodes, for example, two pairs
of electrodes through which the thickness of the material
to be treated is successively passed. There is also pro- ;
vided a regulator for the adjustmentof the intensity of
frequency and high voltage electric ?eld. 22 generically
nesses of the materials to be treated. The regulator is
preferably a variable resistor inserted in the grid circuit 45 denotes the generator for the supply of the electrodes gen
erating the electric ?eld, and 23 denotes a motor for the
of an electronic tube, preferably a triode tube forming a
of the endless sheet through the high intensity and high
frequency alternate ?eld, which is generated by two elec
trodes between which the material is passed.
In the drawings:
thus slowly rotates through the drive of the motor 23
and the rotation is continuous.
The table 27 is provided on its periphery with a plu
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an embodi
55 rality of spindles 28 which according to the embodiment
ment of the invention.
are mounted in individual bearings 28a for free rotation
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through
about their vertical axes. The spindles are insulated with
a main geometrical axis of a machine for the treatment
of small tubes or other equivalent elements in accordance
respect to the casing, the table 27 being made up of a
with the invention.
strong insulating material. These spindles 28 extend
60
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of FIG. 2;
above the table 27 to a height at least greater than the
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of
length of small plastic tubes to be treated; the small tubes
the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2;
being generically denoted at 29. The small tubes 29
FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a small tube illustrat
are open at the end opposite to the one forming the neck
ing the zone of the tube which may be treated.
29a and are treated by the present machine along their
65
In FIG. 1 numeral 1 generically denotes an alternating
outer cylindrical surface upon a surface having the height
current power source, designed to supply through the
d as shown in FIG. 5, and which is variable in position
switches 2 the primary circuit of a step-up transformer 3.
and in height. The small tubes 29 have a diameter larger
Two rectifying tubes 4 or selenium recti?ers, for rectify
than the spindles 28 so that these small tubes may be
ing the current, and a capacitor 5 for levelling the cur
rent, are connected to the secondary circuit of the trans 70 inserted on the spindles 28. The spindles may be cylin
drical or shaped to the openings in the components to
former.
A second system of transformers 6, 7 supplies a self
be treated.
4
3
ément is ‘being effected. vA handcontrol or a totally or.
. fpartially automatic control may be provided for this
hereinafter stated purposes. 1
'
;purpose. For instance, the expulsion of the tubes may :
'
A plurality of supports 31 is provided adjacent to the v
be effected by a jet of compressed air.
' I trajectory in. which the spindles 28 move upon rotation
of: the table 27011 the casing 21.. ' The'supports carry amv
,The machine may also bev used for the treatment of
‘The: spindles '28 are extended'under the. table 27 for the
element 32 in which av pluralityof stems 33 is slidably'
housed.
stems,: in turn, hold av slide block .34 at
plastic material elements different withrespect. to the;
their inner ends and extendfor a determined angular porg .
-,descr1hed treatment.. The spindles may be, for instance, '
tion which may be, forexample, in the range of 1/4 to 1A2
‘formed in such a wayv as ‘to suit them-each time to the
tubes'but having such a shape to be adapted to. the above ‘ 1
‘of. a circumference. : Springsz35 or other resilient, means: 10 :shape of the elements to be treated, as also the eventual I
stress the slide block‘ 34 towards the shaft 25 .in such. a.
Way that the spindlesv 28 which pass inv frictional contact
‘with the slide block 34 are contacted thereby and. thus
‘modi?cation of the cross-section pro?le of the electrode '7
v7.39 may be provided; _ This electrode‘may also be mounted
receive a rotary movement‘ .owing- to. their - revolnble
."Iho spindles.v The spindles ‘may be insulated with re»
.in an ,adjustablemanner inorder to vary its distance from‘ I '
mounting on the table 27. In addition, the slide block‘ 15 :s'pect to the table‘ 27.v 'Instead'of providing .a rotary table, '
there maybe provided an endless conveyor, as for ex~v
- ' 34 assures. a metallic contact with the spindles, the slide
" blockwbeingl electrically connected with a ‘phase of the
high frequency/generator.’
' - ' -
I
'
'
w
. ample» chain conveyor or the, like.
'1
.
'
'
'
' . '
' fThe drawing only shows certain embodiments ‘of
the Y
' I 'm'vention,v which may be varied in form and arrangement
20
The, spindles passing in the are de?ned by and in con
tact with the slide block 34 have mounted thereon. small
tubes 29 to be treated. These small tubes 29 lie on two
offparts.
I.
>
.
What-I claim is: 1 .
I
- '
I
I
.
.
.
:
Adevice for the treatment :of sheets and plates of
‘stationary slide-blocks -37-—38.carried by the supports
31. 1 These slide- blocks -37—-38 ‘cause the. tubes 29' to . -. synthetic material, particularly of polyethylene, for the
{preparation of- their surfaces for the reception of. inks
' roll on the surface of contact and also to impose a ro- .
- . tation :of the spindles 28 on the same axis. The rotation I253, v:andcolors so that with the subsequent printing on said
vof the spindles'28' and of the ‘tubes 291i-s assured by thisv ' arrangement even if the. slide block 34 only solves the
workof assuring an electrical contact.
'
'
'
:surfaces anadherence of the ink and color will occur,
- - comprising: ' a-voltage- change device; a voltage rectifying > .
<~device;v a high frequency auto-oscillating electronic'cir-'
I
vAn 'arcuate block 39- of, metal is arranged between the i - I rlrcuit. including at least a triodeg' a step~up transformer
awherein. one winding fed by: said auto-oscillating'cir->
' two slide blocks 37—38 on the supports 31'. 'I'he'block
39 is electrically connected to the other phase of the high I 1 ‘cu1t; a second primary winding on said- step-up .trans- - '
. former. connected on one side 'ofthe'grid of said .triode'
‘ 1 frequency generator ‘and thus'said block 39 forms an-v
electrode designed to cooperate Withthe multiple 'elec- -~ ' I and .onthe other side to an adjustable dissipation resistor;
.a secondary for said step-up transformerienergizedwith ; I .
' trodes formed by the spindles 28 which pass in front of. .
it. The block, 39 carries aspacer 40 of the dielectric
material which grazes the walls of the tubes29,
remain-
'
.
'
I
‘a high, frequency and high voltage; at least a pair of elec
rtrode means, relatively approached and extended, for the
generation of a high frequency and voltage electric ?eld; - .
'
'
'
I
a dielectric ‘material layer separating said electrodes
The spindles’ zone of travel, which, at ‘least cone 7
'sponds to. the extension of the electrode .39‘ is closed. ~ ‘means; means for the conveying of the sheet material
40 between said electrode meansv whereby’ the surfaceof-v
‘ by a shielding hood 42.
I
I
ving appropriatelydistant therefrom.
‘As the two phases of the high'frequency generator
22 are brought one to the electrode 39 and the other to
said sheet material, which is opposite to that facing said
dielectric material layer, is treated.
the resiliently movable slide block 34, when a spindle
with its relative small tube or the like located thereon
contacts the slide block 34 and is located in front of the 45
electrode 39, an electric ?eld is developed between the
electrode 39 and the spindle through the dielectric spacer
40 and the thickness of the tubular Wall of the small
tube 29. By contacting the slide blocks 37———38, the re
tary unit of the small tube 29 and of spindle 28 rolls on 50
said slide blocks and thus the entire surface of the tubular
portion of the tube is successively located and then re
peatcd several times in the abovementioned electric ?eld.
The rolling is extended for all the portion of the trajec
tory of each spindle in front and along the slide blocks 55
37--38 and for the entire extension of the slide block
34 and of the electrode 39. The treated zone (having the
height :1 of FIG. 5) depends upon the height of the
electrode 39, measured parallel to the axis of shaft 25.
The electrode 39 is replaceable as are also the spindles. 60
The small tubes are removed and replaced along a
portion of the circular path of movement of the spindles
and at points from the area where the electrical treat
References Cited in the ?le of this patent
UNITED STATES PATENTS
1,927,381
Allen et a1. ___________ __ Sept. 19, 1933
2,226,871
Nicholas ____________ __ Dec. 31, 1940
2,459,225
2,526,724
2,528,428
Hickok _______________ __ Jan. 18, 1949
Bradley ____________ __ Oct. 24, 1950
Drugmand ___________ c. Oct. 31, 1950
2,666,129
Ellsworth ___________ .._ Jan. 12, 1954
2,679,573
2,691,613
2,779,848
2,802,085
2,810,933
2,859,480
Newhouse __________ __ May 25,
Baer _______________ __ Oct. 12,
Bosomworth et al. ____ __ Jan. 29,
Rothacker ___________ __ Aug. 6,
Pierce et a1. __________ __ ‘Oct. 29,
Berthold ct a1. ________ __ Nov. 11,
2,864,756
2,910,723
Rothacker __________ __ Dec. 16, 1958
Traver _______________ __ Nov. 3, 1959
159,822
Australia _____________ __ Nov. 16, 1954
1954
1954
1957
1957
1957
1958
FOREIGN PATENTS