The question is about comparison of the methods of Gandhiji and Pandit Nehru and more so specifically with respect to Socialism as a goal of Nationalism and about how they have left an imprint on our constitution even today.

Directive word:

Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.

Key demands of the question:

The answer should highlight the approach of Gandhiji towards socialism as a goal of Nationalism and then Pandit Nehru’s views towards it and his approach. The answer must also bring out how today’s constitution also manifests their contributions towards the idea of socialism, and not only that but even in government policies.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction

Start with importance of socialism as a goal of Nationalism then and today.

Body

Discuss the different approaches of the 2 –

The policy of Nehru was based upon the fact that there must be industrial development at all costs. Nehru wanted a country with Modern Large Scale Industries, while Gandhi, who was in favor of autonomous villages .Gandhi wanted village as an independent unit, while Nehru wanted it as a subordinate unit to a higher organization. Gandhi wanted a cottage based economy etc. then move on to discuss their impact on constitution – the socialist principles of the constitution that are enshrined because of them, and even the government policies of today. A good answer should have examples of both to justify better. For ex. The recent ban of liquor in Bihar was a socialist principle based policy as suggested by Gandhiji.

Conclusion

Conclude with how the image of the two has imprints in our society even today.

Topic– Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

The question is in the context of role lead by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel in integrating Indian States and dealing with the evils of paramountcy of doctrine of lapse.

demand of the question:

you should discuss how Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel took the charge post-independence and sensed the urgent and imperative need of in integrating Indian States, his tactics, broke the union of separatist Princes and by 15th August 1947, all except Hyderabad, Junagarh and Kashmir acceded to India.

Directive word

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction

Narrate the background of events – the declaration of doctrine of lapse of paramountcy by the Britain.

Body

Elaborate on – Sardar Patel’s plan to integrate princely states ; Rapid Integration of States, Creating Unions out of States, Using Force at right time- when some states like Junagadh, Hyderabad, Travancore etc. wanted to join Pakistan or stay independent.

And Thus Patel avoided the evil consequences with his patience, quick decision making skills at right time to proceed the rapid integration of states.

Conclusion

conclude with the outcome and its effect on Freedom struggle.

General Studies – 2

Topic: Separation of powers between various organs, dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

The article provides for an assessment of existing traditional dispute redressal system in India and highlights the necessity of a robust online dispute settlement system.

Key demand of the question:

The answer must evaluate the current systems of dispute resolution available in India,enlist the existing mechanism for resolution of financial and commercial disputes in India and then examine them whether they are sufficient and thus highlight the necessity of Online system.

Directive word:

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin with dispute mechanism as a structured process that addresses disputes or grievances that arise between two or more parties engaged in business, legal, or societal relationships. Dispute mechanisms are used in dispute resolution, and may incorporate conciliation, conflict resolution, mediation, and negotiation.

Body:

Discuss the following :

Financial and commercial Dispute Redressal mechanisms in India.

India’s performance in dispute redressal is still poor; Challenges in the existing system , what needs to be done to overcome the present challenges.

Need for online resolution systems

Way forward – role of technology, online platform etc

Conclusion:

Conclude with optimism, that India is fast moving and It is not beyond its capabilities to harness the merits of technology in its governance systems.

The article highlights studies suggesting More than 50 million voters—most of them young—missing from India’s electoral rolls, and provides for a detailed analysis of electoral and census data .

Key demand of the question:

The question expects you to provide for a detailed picture of the scenario, you must detail upon the inclusiveness of ECI, the provisions therefore for the marginalized and the ‘invisible’ sections of the society and the women in the society. you must discuss the problems associated and suggest what measures should be taken to make it more inclusive.

Directive word

Comment- here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.

Structure of the answer

Introduction:

Start with Importance of ECI ; inclusiveness as an essential component in the electoral process of the country.

Body:

Body should discuss the following broad aspects in detail –

Why inclusiveness is in question? What is the issue of missing records?

Issue of – greater scrutiny in the voter registration process and inadequate registration in the youngest age group.

What are the implications for the electoral process?

Way forward

Conclusion:

Conclude with how ECI has a rich legacy of being independent and inclusive. It must live up to that legacy and remove all doubts about missing voters from the electoral rolls of the world’s largest democracy.

Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora./ Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.

The article is in the backdrop of the Trump’s declaration of the end of preferential trade terms for India under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) programme. The article provides for more details on the same.

Key demand of the question:

The answer should discuss the following – What is Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) , its objectives, historical context with respect to Indo-US economic relations, did it benefit India in the past and what will be the consequences of it on India due to this move.

Directive word

Critically analyze – When asked to analyze, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgement.

Structure of the answer

Introduction:

Discuss the context of GSP in Indo – US economic relations.

Body:

Discussion of the answer should capture the following points :

How the withdrawal of the GSP benefit is expected to adversely affect exports from India.

What is the objective of GSP?

Who are the beneficiaries under GSP?

Which are the product groups covered under GSP?

What is the difference between GSP and the usual trade arrangement under WTO?

What is the new Trump administration’s approach on GSP?

Impact of GSP withdrawal on India.

Conclusion –

Conclude with the impact that the removal of GSP indicate a tough trade position by the US; especially for countries like India who benefited much from the scheme.

General Studies – 3

Topic-Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

The article discusses the recent developments of CCR5-delta 32: The rare mutation that could help stop HIV. It brings out the detailed analysis of case of the London Patient in which case the scientists have successfully duplicated Dr Hütter’s CCR5-delta 32 experiment.

Key demand of the question

The answer must elaborate in detail concept of CCR5-delta 32 in the context of London patient experiment -the remarkable research breakthrough that appears to have cured the anonymous “London Patient” of HIV that was based on a stem cell transplant involving CCR5-delta 32 homozygous donor cells.

Directive word

Discuss– this is an all-encompassing directive which mandates us to write in detail about the key demand of the question. we also have to discuss about the related and important aspects of the question in order to bring out a complete picture of the issue in hand.

Structure of the answer

Introduction:

One can start with facts and details of the research on the anonymous “London Patient” of HIV and the stem cell transplant involving CCR5-delta 32 homozygous donor cells.

Body:

Discuss the details of the research, details of Dr Hütter’s CCR5-delta 32 experiment, relate it to the famous gene editing – CRISPR technology, in what way it is an improvement over it, discuss how it is indeed a path-breaking technology.

Significance of it to the Indian bioinformatics sector etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude with way forward in the Health industry sector at a global level.

NOTE:

We are giving hints for each question. Please use your creativity and originality to come up with answers that are unique to you. But do so without deviating from core demand of each question. Ultimately you should use your reason and judgement to write your own answer.