Any combination of the two I guess. I have a training tube and training pen here with weeds and grass growing up in them. The training tube may be a shortcut but I wasn't impressed with the results. Yes it works with some dogs, yes it can cure some problems with some dogs. Yes it can cause problems if not used correctly so you have to decide which dogs are which.

There is no replacement to boot leather no matter what you use to get them to the point that it comes into play.

A male and a Female, that have a History of the Same on both sides and the will, and determination to follow him or her in the woods untill he or shes figured out what u want them to do.
thats about a simple as it gets

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He’s not me too barking if he’s the first one to the tree