A movement of the 1870s and 1880s reacting to what was seen as evidence of philistinism in art and design. It tried to reconcile the high aesthetics of the Arts and Crafts Tradition with mass production through emphasis on excellent design.

The Arts and Crafts Movement was an Anglo-North American aesthetic movement inspired by the writings of John Ruskin and a romantic idealization of a craftsperson taking pride in their personal handiwork. Its height was roughly between 1880 and 1910.