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major reference

the tomb in which Jesus was buried and the name of the church built on the traditional site of his Crucifixion and burial. According to the Bible, the tomb was close to the place of the Crucifixion (John 19:41–42), and so the church was planned to enclose the site of both cross and tomb.

architectural design

...sanctuaries in Jerusalem and in the church of Bethlehem, the commemorative building and the hall of worship (basilica) were united. At Jerusalem several structures combine to form the church of the Holy Sepulchre. The Anastasis (the Resurrection), a rotunda approximately 131 feet (40 metres) in diameter whose foundations and remains of the walls have been discovered under later additions, was...

construction by Constantine

...and Eusebius, Christ had first shown himself to humanity in God’s appearance to the Hebrew patriarch Abraham, but the most famous of these foundations followed the sensational discovery of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem. The discovery was taken up with enthusiasm by Constantine, who instigated the building of a great new basilica at the spot, offering unlimited help with labour and...

dedication ceremony

...were associated with the transfer of the relics of saints to sumptuous shrines or churches dedicated in their honour. A precedent of great influence was the feast of dedication of the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (or Anastasis, “Resurrection”) at Jerusalem, on September 14, 335, where the discovered tomb and cross of Christ were enshrined on the supposed site of his victory over...

destruction by Khosrow II

A second invasion of Mesopotamia, by Khosrow’s ablest general, Shahrbarāz, took place in 613. Damascus was taken in that year, and in 614 Jerusalem fell. The Holy Sepulchre was destroyed and the True Cross carried to Ctesiphon. Although Khosrow himself was generally tolerant of Christianity, Shahrbarāz permitted thousands of Christian prisoners to be tortured by his Jewish aides. In...

importance to Jerusalem

...is characterized by two- or three-tiered ornamental or basketlike carved capitals. The Crusader architecture reflects Romanesque styling, which features semicircular arches and barrel vaults. The
Church of the Holy Sepulchre incorporates elements of both styles, but its facade and layout are architecturally Romanesque. The best example of the mixed style is the Church of St. Anne (its...

...(326) of his mother, St. Helena, who found the True Cross, that made possible the building of the great shrines in Jerusalem, including the Anastasis (“Resurrection”; later known as the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre), and inaugurated one of the city’s most splendid and prosperous epochs. Christian glorification carried on into the 6th century when, under the emperor Justinian I, the...

...with its semi-independent northern principalities, stretched from the confines of modern Turkey to the Red Sea. The great Muslim sanctuaries became Christian churches, and in 1149 the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, substantially as it exists today, was consecrated. Muslims and Jews were barred from living in the city. The kingdom of Jerusalem lasted from 1099 to 1187, when the city was taken by...

pilgrimage

...in the 7th century. It could thus be interpreted either as expressing Islam’s continuities with its Jewish roots or as physically effacing Judaism from a sacred centre. Also in Jerusalem is the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, enclosing the traditional sites of Christ’s crucifixion and burial. Even today, different Christian denominations look after separate parts of the church and maintain...