Turning is performed on a lathe. Lathes are used to perform several operations, almost all of which involve the rotation of the piece part. The piece part is made to rotate while a cutting tool, held in a holder, is moved into the rotating piece part. Some of the operations that can be performed on a lathe include: facing, turning, boring, cutting a taper, and thread cutting.

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Carbides include silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and titanium carbide as well as other compounds of a metal (Ti, W, Cr, and Zr) or metalloid (B, Si) and carbon. Carbides have excellent wear resistance and high hot-hardness.

The term "cast iron" refers not to a single material, but to a family of materials whose major constituent is iron, with important trace amounts of carbon and silicon. Cast irons are natural composite materials whose properties are determined by their microstructures - the stable and metastable phases formed during solidification or subsequent heat treatment. The major microstructural constituents of cast irons are: the chemical and morphological forms taken by carbon, and the continuous metal matrix in which the carbon and/or carbide are dispersed.

Ceramics are any of various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing a nonmetallic mineral, such as clay, at a high temperature. Industrial ceramic materials consist of oxides, carbides, nitrides, carbon and other non-metals with high melting points. Ceramic material types include alumina / aluminum oxide (Al2O3), boron nitride (BN), cubic boron nitride (CBN), silicon nitride, zirconia, and many others.

Composites are solid materials that are comprised of two or more substances with distinct properties. When merged, each substance retains its own characteristics while imparting beneficial properties to the entire composition. An example of a composite is a plastic material in which a fibrous framework is embedded for greater structural stability.

Copper is a common reddish metallic element that is ductile and malleable and one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Copper alloys are specified for services where superior corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and good bearing surface qualities are desired. Casting readily produces irregular and often complex external-internal contours. All copper-base alloys are easily plated, brazed, soldered and machined.

Synthetic diamond is produced synthetically in a high temperature, high pressure process anvil press. Diamond is a superabrasive grain with the highest known hardness and a cubic crystal structure. Diamond is used for grinding nonferrous metals, ceramics, glass, stone, and building materials. Diamond is not useful in grinding steel or ferrous alloys because carbon or diamond readily dissolves or reacts with iron. Diamond pastes are useful in ferrous polishing or lapping applications where heat and reactivity are not a factor. Diamond is susceptible to oxidation at higher temperatures. Industrial diamond grades such as polycrystalline diamond (PCD) are used for very long life, and sometimes for special applications such as very high-speed cutting.

Glass ceramics are ceramics that can be fused and then molded, formed, ground or machined using conventional glass fabrication techniques. After part fabrication, the glass ceramic's structure is transformed from an amorphous glassy state to a crystalline ceramic state. MACOR® is widely applied glass ceramic with a fluorine rich glass composition approaching trisilicic fluorphlogopite mica (KMg3AlSi3O10F2). MACOR® is a trademarked proprietary material of Corning Corporation. Ceran®, Ceramat®, Robax® and Zerodur® are widely applied proprietary glass ceramics from Schott Glass Corporation.

Nickel and nickel alloys include products such as Monel®, Kovar®, Invar®, Inconel®, Incoloy®, and Hastelloy®. Monel, Inconel and Incoloy are registered trademarks of Special Metals Corporation. Kovar and Invar are registered trademarks of Carpenter Technology. Hastelloy is a registered trademark of Haynes International.

Plastics are any of various organic compounds produced by polymerization. They are capable of being molded, extruded, cast into various shapes and films, or drawn into filaments and used as textile fibers.

Precious metals are valuable, relatively scarce, highly corrosion-resistant, and found in periods 5 and 6 of the periodic table. They include ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold.

Sapphire is a high purity and density, single crystalline form of aluminum oxide, which may contain chromia, titania, yttria or other dopants. Sapphire is usually transparent or translucent. Sapphire ceramics are used in lasers, substrates, jewel bearings, watch crystals or other specialized, optical, wear and electronic applications. Ruby, corundum, topaz are other names for natural or synthetic sapphire. Ruby is chromium doped sapphire used in optical filters and laser rods.

Titanium is a hard, lustrous, silvery element that is relatively abundant in the Earth's crust. It is known for its lightness, strength, and corrosion resistance. For this reason it is used widely in the aerospace industry and the medical fields (e.g., replacement joints). When alloyed with other metals, especially steel, titanium adds strength and oxidation resistance.

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Supplier can assist with concepts, manufacturing costs, manufacturing techniques and material considerations. Suppliers may also be able to assist in upgrading or redesigning, re-evaluating or modernizing existing products to increase performance and/or reduce manufacturing costs.

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