The calming effects of kava come from the active ingredients called kavalactones. It acts as a mild sedative and has been identified as a natural alternative treatment for anxiety, depression and insomnia.

In western medicine, it’s captured the interest of global supplement companies, who extract it using ethanol or acetone and then press it into pills.

For many Pacific Islanders who practice the traditional ceremonial consumption of kava, its use in Western medicine neglects the central element of the healing process.

“I believe it’s the talanoa, or discussion which accompanies the kava, which is probably more therapeutic than the kava itself,” says Dr Apo Aporosa, research fellow at the University of Waikato.

“I often wonder whether kava pill-poppers are missing out on the full experience as they are not part of traditionally influenced kava settings where they can genuinely connect with others and talk through issues and problems.

“We can do this as kava’s effects leave you clear-headed unlike alcohol for instance.”

The first kava wave happened in the late ’80s as companies across the world, particularly in Germany, began to import the plant on a large scale. It soon became extremely popular in Europe.

This boom was brought to an abrupt halt in the early 2000s after several cases of liver toxicity in Germany were linked to kava consumption.

In 2007, a World Health Organisation study refuted this, concluding that liver toxicity due to kava consumption was extremely rare. Read more.