The '''Holy Order of MANS''' (usually abbreviated as HOOM or HOM) was a religious cult founded by ex-engineer Earl Blighton that started in the 1960s. It was based on another religious idea of Blighton and others called the [http://www.scienceofman.org/history/ Science of Man]. [http://www.rickross.com/reference/hom/hom10.html MANS is an acronym] for the Greek words:

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The '''Holy Order of MANS''' (usually abbreviated as HOOM or HOM) was a religious organization founded by ex-engineer Earl Blighton that started in the 1960s. It was based on another religious idea of Blighton and others called the [http://www.scienceofman.org/history/ Science of Man]. [http://www.rickross.com/reference/hom/hom10.html MANS is an acronym] for the Greek words:

*'''M'''ysterion

*'''M'''ysterion

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*'''S'''ophia

*'''S'''ophia

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In 1988, after denouncing the heresy involved with the religious movement, many of its members and hierarchy joined a [[non-canonical]] group of the Orthodox Church under the name '''Christ the Saviour Brotherhood''' (or Christ the Savior Brotherhood; abbreviated as CSB). During the 1990s to about 2000, many members of CSB joined canonical jurisdictions of the Orthodox Church.

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In 1988, after denouncing the [[heresy]] involved with the religious movement, many of its members and hierarchy joined a [[non-canonical]] group of the Orthodox Church under the name '''Christ the Saviour Brotherhood''' (or Christ the Savior Brotherhood; abbreviated as CSB). During the 1990s to about 2000, many members of CSB joined canonical [[jurisdiction]]s of the Orthodox Church.

A thorough Orthodox explanation of the [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Orthodoxia/message/1914 journey of the Holy Order of MANS and Christ the Saviour Brotherhood] can be read in [http://www.conciliarpress.com/again/ Again], Vol. 23, No. 1, January-March 2001, pp. 23-26

A thorough Orthodox explanation of the [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Orthodoxia/message/1914 journey of the Holy Order of MANS and Christ the Saviour Brotherhood] can be read in [http://www.conciliarpress.com/again/ Again], Vol. 23, No. 1, January-March 2001, pp. 23-26

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Paul Blighton usually directed ministry teams to obtain properties in bad neighborhoods where charitable work was most needed. Ironically, these neighborhoods tended to gentrify over time, raising the value of HOOM properties, far above the initial prices paid for them. One former HOOM member quipped, "You couldn't have come up with a better real estate investment strategy if you tried." One of the primary purposes of CSB at present is to find good uses for these valuable properties. Some have become monasteries or sketes, others have been given to Orthodox parishes, and still others have become administrative or diocesan centers.

Paul Blighton usually directed ministry teams to obtain properties in bad neighborhoods where charitable work was most needed. Ironically, these neighborhoods tended to gentrify over time, raising the value of HOOM properties, far above the initial prices paid for them. One former HOOM member quipped, "You couldn't have come up with a better real estate investment strategy if you tried." One of the primary purposes of CSB at present is to find good uses for these valuable properties. Some have become monasteries or sketes, others have been given to Orthodox parishes, and still others have become administrative or diocesan centers.

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'''[http://www.raphaelhouse.org/about/history.shtml Raphael House]''', a property previously belonging to HOOM was originally an integrated charitable activity of CSB, but was incorporated as its own California [http://www.oca.org/RHArticle.asp?SID=15&ArticleID=109 nonprofit organization] in 1991. [http://www.oca.org/DOorg.asp?SID=5&LID=36 It is under] the [[OCA]] jurisdiction.

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'''[http://www.raphaelhouse.org/about-us/history.html Raphael House]''', a property previously belonging to HOOM was originally an integrated charitable activity of CSB, but was incorporated as its own California [http://www.oca.org/RHArticle.asp?SID=15&ArticleID=109 nonprofit organization] in 1991. [http://www.oca.org/DOorg.asp?SID=5&LID=36 It is under] the [[OCA]] jurisdiction.

=== Liturgical Practices ===

=== Liturgical Practices ===

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*Saint George Orthodox Church ([[Church_of_Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]) in [http://www.google.com/search?q=Saint+George+Orthodox+Church+Rohnert+Park+CA Rohnert Park], CA. In particular, [http://www.apostleandrew.org/bookstoreadm@apostleandrew.org/bookstoreadm/images/Picture2%20070.jpg Father Phillip Tolbert]

*Saint George Orthodox Church ([[Church_of_Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]) in [http://www.google.com/search?q=Saint+George+Orthodox+Church+Rohnert+Park+CA Rohnert Park], CA. In particular, [http://www.apostleandrew.org/bookstoreadm@apostleandrew.org/bookstoreadm/images/Picture2%20070.jpg Father Phillip Tolbert]

*[http://www.bulgariandiocese.org/parishdirectory.html Joy of All Who Sorrow Orthodox Church] ([[Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia|Bulgaria]]) in [http://home.bluemarble.net/~alsnts/links.htm Indianapolis, IN]. In particular, Father Stevan Bauman.

*[http://www.bulgariandiocese.org/parishdirectory.html Joy of All Who Sorrow Orthodox Church] ([[Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the USA, Canada and Australia|Bulgaria]]) in [http://home.bluemarble.net/~alsnts/links.htm Indianapolis, IN]. In particular, Father Stevan Bauman.

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*[http://users.rio.com/bamm/ST.JOHN/ St. John Maximovitch Serbian Orthodox Church] in Eugene Oregon. Their home page's html meta description tag (as of 2006-04-04) states that they are are affiliated with Christ the Saviour Brotherhood and St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood.

*St. John the Baptist Serbian Orthodox Mission and Forerunner Bookstore, Reno, Nevada. No homepage is currently available. Rev. James Barfield and his wife Nina, were members of HOOM/CSB, originally involved with Raphael House in San Francisco, a HOOM property/operation.

*St. John the Baptist Serbian Orthodox Mission and Forerunner Bookstore, Reno, Nevada. No homepage is currently available. Rev. James Barfield and his wife Nina, were members of HOOM/CSB, originally involved with Raphael House in San Francisco, a HOOM property/operation.

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*[http://www.stjohnkronstadtchurch.org] St. John of Kronstadt Eastern Orthodox Church (OCA) in Lincoln, Nebraska

== Timeline ==

== Timeline ==

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*'''1974''' - Earl Blighton dies.

*'''1974''' - Earl Blighton dies.

*'''1978''' - Andrew and Isjesian Rossi become co-directors general of HOOM.

*'''1978''' - Andrew and Isjesian Rossi become co-directors general of HOOM.

*'''1988''' - HOOM members, under the leadership of Andrew Rossi and Fr. Herman, joined a non-canonical jurisdiction of the Orthodox Church under Metropolitan Pangratios (Vrionis) of the Archdiocese of Vasiloupolis (Queens, NY). The name of the group was then changed to Christ the Saviour Brotherhood.

*'''1988''' - HOOM members, under the leadership of Andrew Rossi and Fr. Herman, joined a non-canonical jurisdiction of the Orthodox Church under Metropolitan Pangratios (Vrionis) of the Archdiocese of Vasiloupolis (Queens, NY). The name of the group was then changed to Christ the Saviour Brotherhood.

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*'''2000''' - Members of Christ the Saviour Brotherhood join three different jurisdictions in America. The men's and women's monasteries that came out of the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood and some parishes and missions were received by Bishop Jovan of the Diocese of Western America, and Bishop Longin of the New Gracanica Diocese, both of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Many parishes and missions have gone into the Orthodox Church in America under Archbishop Dimitri of Dallas, Bishop Job of Chicago, and Bishop Tikhon of San Francisco. Several other parishes and missions were received by Metropolitan Joseph of the Bulgarian Patriarchate [source: Again article].

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*'''2000''' - Members of Christ the Saviour Brotherhood join three different jurisdictions in America. The men's and women's monasteries that came out of the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood and some parishes and missions were received by Bishop Jovan of the Diocese of Western America, and Bishop Longin of the New Gracanica Diocese, both of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Many parishes and missions have gone into the Orthodox Church in America under Archbishop [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dimitri of Dallas]], Bishop [[Job (Osacky) of Chicago|Job of Chicago]], and Bishop [[Tikhon (Fitzgerald) of San Francisco and Los Angeles|Tikhon of San Francisco]]. Several other parishes and missions were received by Metropolitan Joseph of the Bulgarian Patriarchate [source: Again article].

The Holy Order of MANS (usually abbreviated as HOOM or HOM) was a religious organization founded by ex-engineer Earl Blighton that started in the 1960s. It was based on another religious idea of Blighton and others called the Science of Man. MANS is an acronym for the Greek words:

Mysterion

Agape

Nous

Sophia

In 1988, after denouncing the heresy involved with the religious movement, many of its members and hierarchy joined a non-canonical group of the Orthodox Church under the name Christ the Saviour Brotherhood (or Christ the Savior Brotherhood; abbreviated as CSB). During the 1990s to about 2000, many members of CSB joined canonical jurisdictions of the Orthodox Church.

Controversy

Real Property

Some have questioned the validity of true conversion to the Orthodox faith by members of Christ the Saviour Brotherhood. Melanie Jula Sakoda writes that many of the properties once belonging to HOOM actually stayed legally in possession of HOOM long after the Order was said to be dissolved, as late as the year 2000. It has also been stated that CSB continued to operate as a non-profit organization under the HOOM name with very little change in their articles of incorporation. Several religious cults still exist today because of the influence of HOOM.

People associated or formerly associated with CSB have pointed out that CSB has previously stated that the Holy Order of Mans name was kept registered to prevent splinter/new groups from using it, trying to allow the Order to die a peaceful death. Certain other instances of the order name on legal documents have persisted due to the logistical difficulty of changing the name. For example, one bookstore initiated by CSB members continued to use a business license that had been obtained during the HOOM days, as the particular licensing requirements had changed, and it was much easier to use the "grandfathered" license than to meet the requirements of a new license.

At least according to the tax exempt/non-profit registration records in Indiana, Christ the Savior Brotherhood (EIN #941673665) is listed as an "independent organization or an independent auxiliary, i.e. not affiliated with a National, Regional, or Geographical grouping of organizations." They applied for non-profit status in January of 1970. They've retained the same name as they had in 1970. They have $0 in assets and $0 income.

Paul Blighton usually directed ministry teams to obtain properties in bad neighborhoods where charitable work was most needed. Ironically, these neighborhoods tended to gentrify over time, raising the value of HOOM properties, far above the initial prices paid for them. One former HOOM member quipped, "You couldn't have come up with a better real estate investment strategy if you tried." One of the primary purposes of CSB at present is to find good uses for these valuable properties. Some have become monasteries or sketes, others have been given to Orthodox parishes, and still others have become administrative or diocesan centers.

Liturgical Practices

Some claim that clerics who were former members of HOOM/CSB still practice some non-traditional forms of liturgical practices in their services. Many CSB parishes were isolated from the larger Orthodox world (as a result of the period of time spent under "Metropolitan" Pangratios), during the period of time that they were learning to serve, chant and conduct services. As a result, trying to learn the divine services from a book without ever having seen the service in a traditional setting, led to some odd practices, most of which were a result of mis-interpreting Orthodox liturgics, rather than any former HOOM practices. Since CSB parishes were received into canonical jurisdictions in 2000, most of the odd practices have been replaced in most places.

Abuse

Pangratios Vrionis, associated with the initial non-canonical acceptance of HOOM had a criminal record and was later accused of child molestation.

Parish/Clergy

Some of the existing congregations that include former members/clergy of HOOM/CSB include:

St. John the Baptist Serbian Orthodox Mission and Forerunner Bookstore, Reno, Nevada. No homepage is currently available. Rev. James Barfield and his wife Nina, were members of HOOM/CSB, originally involved with Raphael House in San Francisco, a HOOM property/operation.

[1] St. John of Kronstadt Eastern Orthodox Church (OCA) in Lincoln, Nebraska

Timeline

1968 - Earl Blighton (aka Father Paul) founds the Holy Order of MANS. He takes the title of Director General.

1988 - HOOM members, under the leadership of Andrew Rossi and Fr. Herman, joined a non-canonical jurisdiction of the Orthodox Church under Metropolitan Pangratios (Vrionis) of the Archdiocese of Vasiloupolis (Queens, NY). The name of the group was then changed to Christ the Saviour Brotherhood.

2000 - Members of Christ the Saviour Brotherhood join three different jurisdictions in America. The men's and women's monasteries that came out of the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood and some parishes and missions were received by Bishop Jovan of the Diocese of Western America, and Bishop Longin of the New Gracanica Diocese, both of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Many parishes and missions have gone into the Orthodox Church in America under Archbishop Dimitri of Dallas, Bishop Job of Chicago, and Bishop Tikhon of San Francisco. Several other parishes and missions were received by Metropolitan Joseph of the Bulgarian Patriarchate [source: Again article].

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Holy Order of MANS

Behind the Doors of Repentance: The Untold Details of the Journey of the Holy Order of MANS/Christ the Saviour Brotherhood and the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood into the Canonical Orthodox Church by Melanie Jula Sakoda, JD