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Summary of the impact

Changes to the law in the early 1990s removed the need for corroborating
or physical evidence in abuse cases and allowed videotaped evidence of a
child or other vulnerable witnesses to be used in a criminal court. This
necessitated the drawing up of guidance to help police officers and other
judicial practitioners, gather crucial evidence while minimising
unintentional influence. Research at Leicester has underpinned work to
assess and improve the effectiveness of this guidance and to create a
framework of procedural best practice. This has influenced and directed
the formation of protocols and training development of practitioners for
uniform, fair and reliable investigative interviewing of vulnerable
witnesses and for accurate identification and interrogative interviewing
of suspects in the UK and through the sharing of best practice, across the
UK and internationally.

Research Subject Area(s)

Summary of the impact

In the mid-2000s the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) devised a new measure to
compare area variations in reconviction rates across the Probation Service
in England and Wales so that these differences could be taken into account
when allocating resources. A number of Probation Trust Chief Executives
have used Hedderman's research successfully to argue for revisions to the
reconviction 'performance measure'. Her findings also influenced the
Justice Select Committee's recommendation that the original measure should
be replaced, as she showed that it led to unfair comparisons, was easy to
manipulate, and failed to provide information which could be used by areas
to improve their impact on reoffending. She has since worked directly with
Kent, London and Hertfordshire Probation Trusts to address this last
point.

Summary of the impact

Prior to the E.G. West Centre's research, low-cost private schools were
not on any agency's radar as having a positive contribution to make to
"education for all"; our work changed that position dramatically. In terms
of significance, since 2008 the research has led to changing awareness,
attitudes and policies embracing a positive development role for low-cost
private schools from international agencies such as DFID (Department for
International Development) and national governments. Philanthropists and
investors have also been inspired by the research to bring funding and
expertise to improve opportunities for children in these schools. The
reach of the research has extended to 20 countries in five continents,
including Burkina Faso, China, Dominican Republic, Ghana, India, Kenya,
Liberia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sierra Leone and South Sudan.

Submitting Institution

Newcastle University

Unit of Assessment

Education

Summary Impact Type

Societal

Research Subject Area(s)

Summary of the impact

Fieldwork commissioned by Cadbury/Kraft, undertaken at the University of
Manchester (UoM), and
carried out in Ghana, the Dominican Republic and India (2006-11),
considers whether small scale
farmers and workers have the social and economic capacity to sustain and
expand their output of
quality cocoa. The research has been instrumental in shifting the
strategies of Cadbury and other
major chocolate producers towards the sourcing of Fairtrade cocoa.
Specific impacts include: the
launch of the £45m Cadbury Cocoa Partnership (CCP); Cadbury/Kraft
converting its main product
lines to certified Fairtrade; and the launch of the (US$400m) `Cocoa Life'
programme by
Mondelēz/Kraft, building on the success of CCP. Spill-over impacts
are also evident: both Nestlé
and Mars have adopted similar partnership strategies, and a subsequent
increase in exposure has
seen Fairtrade chocolate sales rise twelvefold over a four year period.

Summary of the impact

Bradford research led to the development of the Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI) model which fed
into the formulation of international policy tools: namely the Principles
for Responsible Agricultural
Investment (PRAI) and the Indicators for Measuring and Maximizing Economic
Value Added and
Job Creation from Private Investment in Specific Value Chains (IMMEV).
PRAI was adopted by the
Group of 20 (G20) Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in 2010 and
is currently in use
to determine relevant national policies aiming to attract investment in
agriculture, in Africa and
South East Asia. IMMEV is used to support the Development Pillar of G20
and its use is currently
implemented in six countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Dominican Republic,
Laos, Mongolia and
Mozambique).

Submitting Institution

University of Bradford

Unit of Assessment

Business and Management Studies

Summary Impact Type

Economic

Research Subject Area(s)

Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services: Business and ManagementStudies In Human Society: Policy and Administration