Redemption Songs

Suing for Freedom before Dred Scott

Lea VanderVelde

A groundbreaking look at the world of slavery just before its fall, including a revolutionary interpretation of the Dred Scott decision

Based on never-before analyzed evidence that the author personally uncovered

Case study approach allows for a richly detailed regional history of slavery in the nation's border regions, differentiating it from the more widely studied plantation slavery

Redemption Songs

Suing for Freedom before Dred Scott

Lea VanderVelde

Description

The Dred Scott case is the most notorious example of slaves suing for freedom. Most examinations of the case focus on its notorious verdict, and the repercussions that the decision set off-especially the worsening of the sectional crisis that would eventually lead to the Civil War-were extreme. In conventional assessment, a slave losing a lawsuit against his master seems unremarkable. But in fact, that case was just one of many freedom suits brought by slaves in the antebellum period; an example of slaves working within the confines of the U.S. legal system (and defying their masters in the process) in an attempt to win the ultimate prize: their freedom. And until Dred Scott, the St. Louis courts adhered to the rule of law to serve justice by recognizing the legal rights of the least well-off.

For over a decade, legal scholar Lea VanderVelde has been building and examining a collection of more than 300 newly discovered freedom suits in St. Louis. In Redemption Songs, VanderVelde describes twelve of these never-before analyzed cases in close detail. Through these remarkable accounts, she takes readers beyond the narrative of the Dred Scott case to weave a diverse tapestry of freedom suits and slave lives on the frontier. By grounding this research in St. Louis, a city defined by the Antebellum frontier, VanderVelde reveals the unique circumstances surrounding the institution of slavery in westward expansion. Her investigation shows the enormous degree of variation among the individual litigants in the lives that lead to their decision to file suit for freedom. Although Dred Scott's loss is the most widely remembered, over 100 of the 300 St. Louis cases that went to court resulted in the plaintiff's emancipation.

Beyond the successful outcomes, the very existence of these freedom suits helped to reshape the parameters of American slavery in the nation's expansion. Thanks to VanderVelde's thorough and original research, we can hear for the first time the vivid stories of a seemingly powerless group who chose to use a legal system that was so often arrayed against them in their fight for freedom from slavery.

Redemption Songs

Suing for Freedom before Dred Scott

Lea VanderVelde

Table of Contents

1. Intro/Metaphor2. Peter's Dual Redemption3. The Three Daughters of Marie Scypion4. Winny and Her Children: Freedom by Residence5. The Kidnap of Lydia's Children6. John Merry also known as Jean Marie: Birthright Freedom7. David Shipman8. The Duncan Brothers: Black and White9. Leah Charleville: Working It10. Sex and Servitude11. Yours Truly, Lucy Delaney12. The Slaves of Milton Duty: Redeeming a Promise Made13. Canadienne Rose: Were There Slaves in Canada?14. The Final Chapter

Redemption Songs

Suing for Freedom before Dred Scott

Lea VanderVelde

Author Information

Lea VanderVelde is Professor of Law at the University of Iowa and author of Mrs. Dred Scott.

Redemption Songs

Suing for Freedom before Dred Scott

Lea VanderVelde

Reviews and Awards

"Redemption Songs is a much-needed addition to the historiography of slavery, American legal history, and the history of the legal profession in the United States."-Annette Gordon-Reed, Journal of American History

"Of the more than 300 newly discovered suits filed during this period, the author examines 12 in detail. The cases reveal much about freedom and the law of slavery in the antebellum West. ... This book goes a long way toward filling the vacuum in which the Dred Scott decision has for so long existed." --CHOICE

"[VanderVelde's] impressive collection paints a broad, incisive, and intriguing portrait of the condition of African Americans in the years preceding the Supreme Court's infamous 1857 Dred Scott decision. ... These cases...provide curious historians vivid insights into the values and customs of an era quite at odds with our own." --Gateway Magazine

"VanderVelde makes palpable the bravery and fortitude of the men and women who sought freedom for themselves and their families." --Kirkus

"A landmark volume in our understanding of the law of slavery. VanderVelde's Redemption Songs is the indispensable capstone to almost two decades of pathbreaking research." --John Fabian Witt, author of Lincoln's Code

"Carefully examining recently unearthed court documents, census records, and much more, Lea VanderVelde constructs a nuanced portrait of slavery and freedom in the antebellum West. This is an important contribution to our understanding of slavery and its legal history." --Mark Tushnet, Harvard Law School

"Lea VanderVelde's Redemption Songs is a stunning account of the efforts of ordinary African Americans to secure freedom through the courts. In graceful prose, VanderVelde highlights the surprising promise of freedom suits but also the staggering toll the effort took on those who turned to them. Recovering the voices of those long thought voiceless, VanderVelde tells even experts things we did not know. Equally important, she brings to life things we know in theory." --Michael Les Benedict, Ohio State University