To Centennial Anniversary of Awarding the First Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1901-2001)

To Centennial Anniversary of Awarding the First Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1901-2001)
2004-10-13 00:00:00
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 74, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1240 31245. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1205 31210. Original Russian Text Copyright C 2001 by Morachevskii. HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY ˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝ ˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝ AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY To Centennial Anniversary of Awarding the First Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1901 32001) International prizes have been awarded annually, beginning in 1901, in accordance with Alfred Nobel’s will, for outstanding discoveries in physics, chemistry, physiology, and medicine, and also for creation of the most prominent literary work and valuable contribu- tion to fraternity among nations and promotion of peace. During the last century, Nobel Prizes in chem- istry were not awarded, for various reasons, only in 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, and 1940 31942 [1, 2]. Vast literature is devoted to A. Nobel’s life and activities and his will [238]. Nevertheless, there are essentially different opinions on some important issues associated with A. Nobel’s scientific and en- gineering activities. Detailed biographic evidence can be found in E. Bergengren’s book [2] and also in memoirs of A. Sohlmann (1870 31948) [5], A. No- bel’s close friend and assistant and one of the two executors of his last wishes,
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To Centennial Anniversary of Awarding the First Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1901-2001)

Abstract

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 74, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1240 31245. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 74, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1205 31210. Original Russian Text Copyright C 2001 by Morachevskii. HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY ˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝ ˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝ AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY To Centennial Anniversary of Awarding the First Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1901 32001) International prizes have been awarded annually, beginning in 1901, in accordance with Alfred Nobel’s will, for outstanding discoveries in physics, chemistry, physiology, and medicine, and also for creation of the most prominent literary work and valuable contribu- tion to fraternity among nations and promotion of peace. During the last century, Nobel Prizes in chem- istry were not awarded, for various reasons, only in 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, and 1940 31942 [1, 2]. Vast literature is devoted to A. Nobel’s life and activities and his will [238]. Nevertheless, there are essentially different opinions on some important issues associated with A. Nobel’s scientific and en- gineering activities. Detailed biographic evidence can be found in E. Bergengren’s book [2] and also in memoirs of A. Sohlmann (1870 31948) [5], A. No- bel’s close friend and assistant and one of the two executors of his last wishes,