Thursday, November 20, 2008

Embryo-transfer has become the fastest method of genetic improvement of farm animals. In vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of follicular oocytes are the recent advances of embryo transfer, these are the important tools to study gamete physiology. From these techniques embryos can be obtained in abundant quantity, production of transgenic animal, embryo sexing, embryo splitting and multiplication of embryos in vitro on lines of superior offspring is possible by these methods.

The oocytes can be obtained from living animals as well as from slaughtered animals also. If those are collected from immature living animals and from immature slaughtered animals, in vitro matured, in vitro fertilized and transferred to the recipient the generation interval can be reduced. If the oocytes collected from varies of slaughtered animal the utility of that animal even after slaughter is improved. This also formulate low cost supply of follicular oocytes which can be matured, cultured and fertilized in vitro.

Material and Methods

Thirty three pairs of goat ovaries were obtained from, local slaughter house Parbhani immediately after slaughter: Paired ovaries were brought to the laboratory in a thermos flask containing 0.9 per cent normal saline at a room temperature: Normal saline is supplemented with Inj-Benzyl penicillin - 400 IU per m1' of saline: Inj-Streptomycin 200 mg/ml and 0.25 mg Nystatin. The pair of ovaries in various stages of oestrous cycle were classified as per (Zemjanis, 1970) into early luteal stage, luteal state and follicular stage. After recovery of oocytes, the good quality oocytes were selected and 65 oocytes were preserved in Ham’s F-10 medium with 10 per cent and 73 oocytes were preserved in 15 percent serum level at 5°C temperature for 24 hours. The ovaries were wahsed with normal saline and placed in a sterile petridish containing medium. The follicles measuring above 3mm in diameter were punctured with. The help of needle (19 guage) and contents were allowed to flow freely into the medium. The whole pertridish containing culture medium was observed under streoscopic microscope at 25 x in order to locate occytes.

Result and Discussion

The average numbers of follicles between 3-5 mm size in early luteal, luteal, and follicular stages were 4.30 + 0.37, 6.00 + 0.57 and 5.20 + 0.40; 3.00 + 1.00, 4.00 + 0.40 and 5.50 ± 0.22 respectively for 10 percent serum level and 15 percent serum level present findings are in agreement with those of Parkale (1987) an d Giri (1992) who reported them as 4.70, 4.95 and 4.32, 3.28, 4.33 and 4.02 respectively for corresponding stages of oestrous cycle in buffaloes. The present findings for early luteal and luteal stages are lower and for follicular stage in agreement with those. of Thakre (1993) who reported them as 5.60+ 0.35, 5.52 + 0.40 and 5.24 + 0.28 the corresponding stages of *estrous cycle in goat.The overall average number of follicles per pair of ovaries irrespective of oestrous, stages and follicular sizes were 6,00+1.07 and 5.27+0.83 respectively, which are in agreement with those reported by Thakre (1993). These findings are higher than those reported by Parkale (1987) and Giri (1992) as 4.65 and 4.04 respectively.Differences in the number of follicles may be due to differences in species, breeds, climatic conditions and endocrine profile etc of animals studied by different workers.The average recovery rate follicular oocytes in early luteal, luteal and follicular stage for 10 per cent and 15 per cent serum levels was 73.33, 63.18 and 72.42] 66.66, 72.22 and 78.84 per cent respectively which are found to be higher than observations made by Giri (1992) and are in agreement with Thakare (1993) who reported them as 47.83, 58.24 and 47.20 and 76.84 per cent respectively which is in accordance with Lambert (1983) who reported 72-79 per cent by laproscopy method. The present findings are significantly higher than that reported by Leibfred and First (1979), Parkale (1987) and Giri (1992) who reported lower recovery rate of follicular oocytes as 50.00, 50.00 and 50.92 per cent respectively.In the present study in Ham’s F-10 medium 65 medium 65 oocytes for 10 per cent serum level and 73 oocytes for 15 per cent serum level were preserved at 5oC for 24 hours, it was observed that there was no significant change recorded in the morphology of oocytes.

Friday, July 25, 2008

PERFORMANCE OF SIMMENTAL CROSSBRED AND ONGOLE CROSSBRED COWS IN PREPARTUM TO POSTPARTUM PERIOD IN BAMBANGLIPURO DISTRICT BANTUL SUB-PROVINCE

By

Wisnu Tri Husodo Michael Christoffor

This research aim to know: 1. Performance of Simmental crossbred and Ongole crossbred cow in pregnant period seven months to pregnant again in ranch of people. 2. Performance of calves before weaning from Simmental crossbred and Ongole crossbred dams. 3. Feed intake on prepartum and postpartum period. This research was carried out in Bambanglipuro district, Bantul sub-province form June 2003 to June 2004 with 18 Simmental crossbred and 18 Ongole crossbred cows in pregnant seven months condition. The variables observed were change of cows body weight during research, birth weight and growth of calf, postpartum estrus, service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), pregnancy rate, calving interval, quality and quantity feed intake. The data on gain weight of the cows, body weight at parturition, birth weight of calf, postpartum estrus and calving interval were analyzed using T test while S/C and CR were analyzed using Chi-Square. The result of the research showed that gain weight both of breed cows have increase until before parturition and then decreased. Simmental crossbred body weight was higher (P<0,01) than Ongole crossbred (463,70 ± 47,29 kg vs. 349,90 ± 63,34 kg) but changes of body weight daily before parturition did not differ significantly. Birth weight calf of Simmental crossbred was higher (P<0,01) than Ongole crossbred (37,47 ± 5,03 kg vs32,17 ± 4,08 kg), average daily gain calf Simmental crossbred was higher (P<0,01) than Ongole crossbred (1,04 ± 0,30 kg/head/day vs 0,72 ± 0,15 kg/head/day). Length gestation, postpartum estrus, calving interval, S/C, CR did not differ significantly. Dry matter and crude protein intake before parturition did not differ significantly, dry matter intake after parturition, Simmental crossbred have higher (P<0,01) than Ongole crossbred (10,97 ± 2,52 kg vs. 8,44 ± 2,05 kg). The conclusion of this research was that performance of Simmental crossbred was better than Ongole crossbred in the case of body weight and performance of calf

Tuesday, July 22, 2008

THE EFFECT OF HARVESTING TIME AND INOCULANT ADDITION ON PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) PRODUCTIVITY

Brígida Antónia Correia

ABSTRACTThe study was carried out on plastic house in Farm belong to the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture of the Animal Sciences Faculty, University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. This research was intended to get the data about the effects of harvesting time and inoculant addition on peanut productivity. Twenty four polybags (plastic bags) were used and each containing 15 kg of soil. The soiltype was of kind of Alfisol (Mediteran) from Gunung Kidul district. Experimental design was factorial, namely 2 x 2 x 2 treatment factors with 3 replication arranged in a complelety randomized design (CRD). The three treatment factors were: Harvesting time factor (UP) consisted of UP1=harvested at 80 days and UP2=harvested at 90 days of age; Soil factor (T) consisted of To=not sterilizated and Ts=sterilized, and Legin factor (L) consisted of Lo=not inoculated and L1= inoculated. The results of the study showed that there were highly significant (P < 0.01) effect of all the treatment factors on dry matter (DM) production (0.59 ton vs 0.69 ton/ha), CF (28.25% vs 24.59%), ash (10.11% vs 9.48%) and NFE (41.21% vs 46.05%). Soil factor (T) was effected highly significant (P < 0.01) on dry matter (DM) production (0.72 ton vs 0.56 ton/ha),CP (16.01% vs 18.07%) and ash (9.44% vs 10.15%). Legin factor (L) was also effected highly significant (P < 0.01) on IVDMD (59.90% vs 62.77%) and IVOMD (58.86% vs 62.65%) but effected to ash only (P < 0.05) (9.55% vs 10.03%). It also formal that interaction between three factors (UPxTxL) affected DM production (0.47 ton/ha on UP1TsL1 to 0.79 ton/ha on UP2ToLo), and CP (14.81% on UP1ToLo to 18.58% on UP1TsL1). EE, ash, NFE, IVDMD and IVOMD were also depended on interaction between two factors (UP x T), (UP x L) and (T x L). It can be concluded that nutritive value of peanut forage decreased, while forage DM production of biomassa above the ground increased as the harvesting age increases from 80 to 90 days. The highest peanut productivity was obtained when planting was carried out with inoculation on unsterilized soil.Key words : Peanut, Harvesting Time, Legume Inoculant, In vitro digestibility, Forage productivity .