Where are the two enlargements of the spinal cord?

How does the conus medullaris move during development?

the tip of the conus medullaris is at L4-L5 level and gradually ascends until it lies at L2 level in adults

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What are the group of nerve roots running in the lumbar cistern known as?

cauda equina

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What is the filum terminlae?

a remnant of the caudal part of the spinal cord of the embryo and descends amongst the cauda equina

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What is cauda equina syndrome?

results from dysfunction to the lumbar and sacral nerve roots in the lumbar vertebral canal, affecting the cauda equina. Cauda equina syndrome presents with dysfunction of the bladder, bowel, or sexual function, and sensory changes in saddle or perianal area, as well as potential back pain (with or without sciatic-type pain), sensory changes or numbness in the lower limbs, lower limb weakness, reduction or loss of reflexes in the lower limbs , or unilateral or bilateral symptoms.

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What is a common cause of cauda equina?

caused by large central IV disc herniation at L4/5 or L5/S1 level, it can also be caused by tumours, direct trauma, spinal stenosis, or inflammatory disease. It is a medical emergency as if left untreated, patients can be left incontinent, affects motor function, and many other possible complications. Treatment is treating the underlying cause.