Tuesday, December 18, 2007

You can hardly see the outside Christmas tree for the blizzard! We've had two big nor'easter snowstorms already, before Christmas. Last year there was no snow to speak of and sheep were eating green grass in January.

Monday, December 17, 2007

Our sheep and lambs prospered this year on the very good grass this land likes to grow. Maine is moist and warm in summer, but not overly hot. Grass grows well and abundently from late April or early May through late September. Farmers typically take two and even three cuts of hay. In season, square baled hay can be bought "off the field" for a dollar-fifty, round bales for $25. Sheep do well in this country, where the only natural enemies are coyotes and other predators. The only reason there are not more sheep in Maine is the lack of a good market for wool and lamb. Americans, it seems, prefer beef and synthetics. Our sheep cut all the grass on the homeplace, and clear a lot of the brush too. Soon they'll started clearing the brush on the leased land too. We let our chickens wander during the day now that they're grown. We raised them on pasture, in a so-called chicken tractor, which you can see in one of these shots. Another shows the finished barn in October, after it was all closed in, and full of hay.

One of the more disturbing features of the house when we bought it was the 15-inch sag in the roof line of the porch. We used this 28 by 8 foot long porch the first winter for a doghouse, but the dogs were cold because there were huge gaps between the windows and the frames. It was also a lot of potential living space that had quite a pleasant sunny aspect on evenings spring through fall. We estimated that the roof itself could be saved, and wrecked out only the walls and floor. We jacked the roof square again, an operation accompanied by some rather worrying moments as it all creaked back into line. We put in an stone knee wall, backed by concrete, and rebuilt the walls to the roof with good new windows. Like the barn, the porch awaits some new siding, which will likely be cedar shingles as they last a long time without maintenance, and because shingling is one of Aimee's best skills.

Sunday, December 16, 2007

We had a good site picked out for a barn. It took a week or two to get a building permit, but we broke ground in May 2007. I used our "new" twenty-five year old Kubota compact tractor to scrape a level spot for a slab and to rake gravel. The slab was poured on one of the hottest days of the late spring, and it set up far too fast, but was solid. We used all local lumber from mills close by: hemlock from Gerald Fowler in Thorndike, bigtooth aspen from Peter Baldwin in Brooks. All told, the 20 by 30 foot barn with gambrel roof over second floor hay storage cost about $4,000 finished and wired. It houses our herd of sheep and a chicken coop, but will eventually shelter pigs, and possibly a couple of Fjord horses too.

The original plan was to get animals in the late spring of the second year, but we are inveterate "Uncle Henry's" fans (the Maine second-hand merchandiser). The first winter I saw an ad for a small herd of Corriedale sheep. We were able to pick them up the next weekend. Three mature ewes in the herd were pregnant, so that gave us lambs that winter, too early for comfort (the ram not being separated from the ewes at the proper time, the ewes bred far too early). We became adept at helping ailing lambs survive, even to the point of learning to intubate or force feed a down lamb.

The house was falling down. The rubble foundation had suffered from "freeze-thaw" effects, had begun slowly collapsing, and had actually parted company with the house for about fifteen running feet on the south east corner. The kitchen floor, built on 10-inch by 30 foot pine log joists, had fallen through, and by the time I wrecked out all the rotten wood, there was an eight by five foot hole in the floor. All the kitchen plumbing, and all the wiring, had to be redone. The house had no insulation to speak of.

We began by wrecking out the kitchen. We pulled down a partition wall to make one room 14 by 28 feet. We sistered in new floor joists and a solid 3/4 inch sub floor across the entire kitchen, making an attempt to finally level a floor that, since it was built on logs, was probably never level the first day it was built. I wired it anew and to code. We put up new insulation, 1 1/4 inch foam board with reflective film and an air space, and with the help of Jason, a student hired during the summer, new dry wall.

By this time it was June, and warm enough and dry enough to wreck out the basement. A new concrete buttress wall was poured to reinforce the flagging rubble, and take it back up to the sills. the house was jacked up 1/2 inch above the new wall, the wall poured, allowed to set, and the house lowered back down. All this was hand work with bags of concrete, and took about two weeks of hard "graft," as they say in Yorkshire. Post jacks were used to level the interior floor.

Then it was time to insulate and wire the rest of the house, prior to fitting new drywall. Two feet of cellulose were added to the attic crawl space. All the windows were replaced. Finish work included new light fittings and window trims, baseboard, and a finish job on the old hardwood floor.

For heat we left the old oil forced air system in place, but added a wood stove and a forced air wood furnace. We signed up for renewable power. The winter fuel use went from 700 gallons of heat oil to 200, and from ten cords of firewood to five, more than a 60% efficiency gain.

Aimee had a good if somewhat tortuous time picking out colors and painting. (Don't ever ask me to pick out a color.) Jason did quite a bit of the painting, especially priming.She did a sunset color wash on the living room wall, saving also the old Victorian tin ceiling.

We had five full fifteen yard dumpster-loads of wreckage and trash hauled away. The former inhabitants had grown quite old in the house, and towards the end had taken to just leaving bags of trash in the yard. There's still a lot of trash to pick up, but not even one hundredth of what there was.

We moved into the house in August 2006, three months after starting the project.

In April 2006 my partner Aimee and I became the proud owners of a 3.5 acre plot of land in Jackson, Maine, upon which stands the third Great Farm farmhouse, built in 1900.

The original 2000-acre Great Farm, of which our land is a tiny fragment, was a showcase farm begun by a trio of Boston merchant-adventurers in 1806. Messrs. Sears, Prescott, and Thorndike were wealthy men who had been active in all kinds of businesses. Israel Thorndike was possibly the most famous, having been a privateer captain against the British in the Revolutionary war, and delegate to the convention that ratified the Constitution in Massachusetts. It was Thorndike that became the proprietor of the Great Farm, and it his name that is on the original deed for the much larger area of land that contained what is now our small farm. Thorndike and his partners first acquired by foreclosure, then disposed of by mortgage sales to new homesteaders, about 100,000 acres of early Maine, taking over a colonial land grant that was called first the Muscungus and then the Waldo Patent. The trio opened a land office in nearby Belfast, Maine. Most of the land they sold was mortgaged, the mortages held by the three proprietors, and one way purchasers could work off their mortgages was by working on the Great Farm, hence its grandeur and prosperity. Eventually the farm was sold, and then broken up bit by bit, until it became a more manageable family-scale enterprise. This link goes to a history of "The Wrights of Jackson, Maine" by Robert Lindsey, with details of the Great Farm period I found on the web. It gives a good idea of the resolute and independent way that Jackson inhabitants have probably always had to proceed in life, particularly in winter.

Thorndike and Sears are memorialized in the names of towns in Waldo County, hence Thorndike, Searsport, and Searsmont, which presumably these men founded.

The first Great Farm house was truly great. It was essentially a mansion, albeit in the relatively plain Bullfinch architectural style then in vogue in the northeast. It had many rooms and piped water, a huge luxury for the times, and was associated with an impressive demonstration farm boasting a 500-tree apple orchard, showy bloodstock including the then-novel Merino sheep, and a barn so huge it was called "Egypt." Wealthy visitors came up from Boston to summer in fine style at Thorndike's mansion. This original house burned in the 1880s.

Thorndike himself must have been the model of the gentleman farmer. His other business enterprises were quite vast, and he remains one of the "50 wealthiest Americans" of all time, according to The Wealthy 100 by Michael Klepper and Robert Gunther. One of his business enterprises is detailed in "The Lords and the Mill Girls" a historical essay by Maury Klein. According to Klein, Thorndike aspired to model exceptionally enlightened business practices, and had a great regard for the well-being of his employees. Some of his relatives made Jackson and neighboring Brooks, Maine, their home, and one nephew in particular became the overseer of the Great Farm and the proprietor of a factory in Brooks. Photographs of the nephew's home, known as "Thorndike Farm", are in the Brooks Historical Society Museum.

Built after the original burned, the second Great Farm house still stands, and is also in the Bullfinch style. It has been renovated and is the fine home of our neighbor Jean Richards, who has lived there for many decades. Her grown children Hamilton and Kelly are close by, in much newer dwellings, the fourth and fifth such dwellings to be built in the original Great Farm area, which has become what the British would call a small rural "hamlet." Our common road is "Great Farm Road," the brook is "Great Farm Brook," and other neighbors include the "Great Farm Rifle Club." The memory of Thorndike's Great Farm is well-preserved in te current map of Jackson, Maine.

The third, most modest, house was to be built on the site of the Great Farm when two brothers named Amsden came into ownership of the house and remaining acreage in the later 1800s. Apparently, Emery fell out with Perham Amsden, who went across the road about 200 feet and built a whole new house so he wouldn't have to live with his brother any more. He built a basic farmhouse with four rooms downstairs and three up in 1900. It almost burned soon after and the scars of this fire are clearly visible in the attic. Local legend has it the fire was deliberately set by Emery. The house appears to have been built in two stages. First a crude cabin seems to have been built on dry-stone foundation walls with no cellar. Cost-cutting measures are clearly visible in this structure. The sills of this cabin were square hemlock, but the joists were pine logs 29 feet long, one side having been flattened by broad axe to accommodate floorboards. The walls had properly dimensioned rough-cut 2 by 4s, but the attic joists were of odd dimensions and spacing, indicating the use of cheaper off-cut lumber. The second phase included a more conventionally fitted out two-storey farmhouse 21 feet by 24 feet, with a full cellar. In the second phase of building all boards used were milled to the correct dimensions according to the carpentry standard of the time. Niceties such as a tin ceiling in the "parlour" and a maple hardwood floor were included, but the upper floors were never finished except to put linoleum over sub floor boards.

Along with Perham's new house was deeded a smallholding of 3.5 acres, essentially enough land for a garden and potato patch, and possibly enough to graze a buggy horse in summer. This land was all contained within an older dry stone wall, still clearly visible. Because of this wall, its close proximity and relation to the original house, and some terracing that still is apparent, we can guess that our 3.5 acres might have once been a paddock or a garden patch, or both, close to the home place. When the brothers fell out, this was the obvious building site. Based on the various metal items we found in the dirt, we guess that there were barns, stables and chicken coops here from time to time, either before or after Perham's house was built, and the traces of what must once have been an important roadway for the original Great Farm are clearly visible at the northern boundary of the smallholding. As the land slopes away to the south, there are many elm trees, children of the original avenue of elms that led to the Great Farm, and dozens of apples that possibly date back to the original orchards. The aspect is the best feature of the land, situated on a slight knoll, with southern exposure and terracing, it was made for a gardener.

Aimee and I bought Perham's 1900 house from the Vancough family estate. The most recent owner, Dottie or Dorothy Vancough, had passed on, after a period of illness in which everything fell into neglect. We began the job of rebuilding much of the house and restoring the homestead land to productivity. We also took a lease on some of the surrounding former Great Farm acreage, owned by the Wartel Trust, an absentee owner with 225 acres of the Great Farm. This lease expanding the land available to us for agricultural and forestry purposes to 15.5 acres. We fenced and built a barn, stocking these facilities with sheep and chickens. We made a garden. We started clearing land and identifying trees for cutting or conservation, especially the elms, which are now rare, thinning out less interesting or desirable trees like "popple" or poplar. We have a collection of quite large elms, and hope to protect them from Dutch Elm Disease.

We have a lot more to do.

This blog is the story of our adventures on this land, and is accompanied by pictures taken as we went. This summer, 2007, after living here for a year, we made our first modest harvest, taking vegetables and meat, apples, eggs, and firewood from the land. Our neighbors Hamilton and Andrea also planted a large garden and made a nice harvest on their family land close by. Hamilton is a keen hunter and patrols the neighborhood vigorously.

Too soon to tell, but it seems like the Great Farm might be becoming a farm again. At the very least, it remains a site for "proper" rural lifestyles and pursuits, albeit perhaps not quite as grand as Captain Thorndike intended. Watch this space to find out more as time passes by.

Excerpt from

A History of Jackson, MaineFromA Gazetteer of theState of Maine

By Geo. J. VarneyPublished by B. B. Russell, 57 Cornhill,Boston 1886

Jackson is situated in the northern part of Waldo County, 15 miles N.N.W of Belfast. It is bounded on the east by Monroe, south by Brooks, west by Thorndike, and north by Dixmont, in Penobscot County. In dimensions it is 5½ miles in length from north to south, and 5 miles wide from east to west. The surface is very much broken; and in the north-western and southern part are many hills. The principal streams are the Hadley Brook, and its tributary, Moulton Brook, which form a branch of Marsh River. The manufactures consist of long and short lumber (two mills), a carriage factory, etc. The village is connected with Belfast by a stage-line.

The first settlement in this town was made in 1800 by Benjamin Cates, of Gorham, from whom Cates’ Hill has its name. Joel Rich arrived the next year, and settled on a hill which has since borne his name. Other early settlers were Nicholas Hamlin, Benjamin Skillings, John Cates, George, Elisha and Ebenezer Morton, and Nathaniel Knight, most of whom were from Gorham. First Minister, S. Warren.

The town was a part of the Waldo Patent. Gen. Henry Knox, who soon after the Revolution became proprietor of this patent, sold a few lots to settlers, then disposed of all that remained to Israel Thorndike, David Sears and William Prescott. Thorndike was a citizen of Boston, but, having a taste for agricultural pursuits, he cleared up and cultivated a large farm near the centre of the township, which he stocked with horses, kine, sheep and poultry, and set out an orchard of 500 apple trees. The place was long after his death known as “Great Farm,” but has since deteriorated.

The plantation was organized in 1812, and incorporated as a town in 1818. It was probably named in honor of Geii. Henry Jackson, a soldier of the Revolution. Ezra Abbot, D.D., LL.D., was a native of the town.

The Congregationalists and Free Baptists each have a church in town. The number of schoolhouses is ten; and the value of the school property is $3,000. The valuation of estates in 1870 was $176,604. In 1880 it was $159,315. The population in 1870 was 707. In 1880 it was 682.

Where are you from?

The Farm

The "Womerlippi Farm" is actually a homestead or smallholding where most of the food is grown for our own consumption and that of our friends and family. We raise Corriedale/Romney-cross sheep, feeder pigs in season, and Golden Comet, Aruacuna, Black Laced Wyandotte, Brahma, and Buff Orpington hens. We have wooded pasture, old apple trees, and a large kitchen garden. We build and maintain our own energy-efficient buildings, service and fix our own vehicles and farm equipment, and generally live a thoroughly self-reliant lifestyle. Our farm goals are less economic and more psychological/spiritual and lifestyle oriented. We like an independent, quiet home life with a lot of interaction with animals and the earth. Farming, building and energy-related engineering is also part of our education work at Unity College. Having said all that, we're practical people and grow a lot of pretty solid food and fiber. We're also happy to sell you some eggs or yarn or lambs.

PS: "Womerlippi" is a combination of our last names, "Womersley" and "Phillippi." The one is broad Yorkshire, the other Greek, although Aimee's ancestry and home culture is Pennsylvania Dutch/Shenandoah Valley Church of the Brethren. When Aimee and I married, she didn't take my name. She said she "wasn't trading up."

Why is this "A Great Farm Diary?"

Because the setting for the events recorded here is the "Great Farm" of Jackson, Maine, that's why. (Not because this is such a great farm, although we like it.)

Started by privateer and financier Israel Thorndike in 1806 as a vacation home, the famous Great Farm of Jackson was an agricultural showcase for this area of Maine, and Thorndike used it as such, an advertisement for his private land office business, as he disposed of the famous Waldo Patent, in which he was a part owner. Land purchasers could work off their mortgages as laborers on the Great Farm. Most deeds in Waldo County trace back to Israel Thorndike.

Thorndike, born to a family of modest means, went to sea to make his fortune. He captained a privateering vessel during the Revolutionary War, and tweaked the nose of the great Royal Navy more than once. He then settled to a life as a financier, merchant, and captain of industry in Boston. He remains listed as one of the fifty richest Americans of all time. He was the author, with Eldridge Gerry, of the first recorded gerrymander, and so his name went down in history for that peculiarly undemocratic deed too.

He was, in short, a rich, arrogant, unrequited arse, whose primary redeeming feature was impressive ambition. If you are such a person, you should feel ashamed. My work in academia has introduced me to many such wealthy people, and frankly, I'm tired of them. The world doesn't revolve around you and your silly ideas of what is important. Grow up.

Our own much smaller farm sits on a few acres of the original 2,000 that Thorndike developed as an agricultural showcase. As he was a famous Federalist, while Aimee and I are obvious neo-Jeffersonians, of sorts, I doubt he'd be pleased with what we've done with the place. But we don't give a rat's wotsit. As I said, we like it this way.

Read the very last posts in the archive for more details, or use search terms like Israel Thorndike or "Great Farm history" in the Google Blogger search engine (above, on the left).

How this Diary is Arranged:

From Mick:

The purpose of this blog is for Aimee and I to communicate with friends and family, with those of our students, and other folks in general who are interested in homesteading and farming activities.

The earliest posts, at the very end of the blog, tell the story of the Great Farm, our purchase of a fragment of that farm, the renovation of the homestead and its populating with people and animals. Go all the way to the last post in the archive below, click on the link provided, and read backwards from there to get it all in chronological order.

Farm Produce

Purchasing Womerlippi Farm produce in season can be done by email arrangement, and/or by shopping at the Marsh River Coop in Brooks or the 47 Daisies Farm Stand in Vasselboro.

We sell yarn, fleece, pesto, and livestock for meat or breeding.

The yarn is Bartlett Yarn's 4-ply, a medium-thick yarn, in natural gray and brown, as well as natural dyes. It is soft and bulky, and makes nice old-fashioned knitwear. You can buy it for $7 a skein by emailing mwomersley@unity.edu. We ship priority mail, minimum ten skeins at a time. The shipping is extra. Or you can get it for a few bucks a skein, either over the counter at Crosstracks restaurant in Unity, Maine, at the 47 Daisies Farm Stand in Vassalboro, Maine, or at the Marsh River Coop in Brooks, Maine.

We also have raw white and brown (natural colored) fleece in large quantities each spring, unwashed, untreated. Email us at mwomersley@unity.edu and name your price. Expect to pay shipping. This year (2015), for the second time, skirted fleece will be available at the MOFGA Common Ground Fair in Unity, Maine. Look for our tags in the fleece tent.

Our pesto is available in the frozen food section of the Marsh River Cooperative in Brooks, Maine. If they happen to be out, tell the person behind the counter and they'll ask us to deliver more.

At various times of the year we have live breeding ewes and/or feeder lambs and pigs, and frozen lamb cuts by prior arrangement. Again, use email to set up your purchases.

We now have a child who naps during the day and so have curtailed our former farm stand egg operation. We also have dogs who bite. We like that they bite, because we have a child we want to protect. If you come unexpectedly to the farm, stay behind any temporary hot-wire gate or fence, or park in the driveway, until someone comes. We'll know you're there because the dogs will tell us. Loudly. Annoyingly. They will wake our kid, if she is asleep. We will be mad about this.

If no-one comes, we're not home. Go Away.

If you are yet more foolish and try to get out of your car and/or cross a gate or fence, expect to get bitten by a shepherd dog, rammed by a ram, or chewed out by a shepherd.