More Than 750,000 Could Lose Food Stamps Under Trump Administration Proposal

The Franciscan Center in Baltimore serves a hot lunch daily to those who need extra help, even if they receive food stamps. Those benefits could end for 755,000 able-bodied adults.

Pam Fessler
/ NPR

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Originally published on April 1, 2019 4:29 pm

Three-quarters of a million people would likely lose their food stamps later this year under a new proposal by the Trump administration. The goal is to encourage able-bodied adults to go to work and get off government aid. But opponents predict people would go hungry instead, if the rule goes into effect.

A public comment period, which ends Tuesday, has so far drawn more than 28,000 comments overwhelmingly against the proposed rule.

Those affected by the proposed changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits are known as able-bodied adults without dependents, or ABAWDs. There were close to 4 million adults in this category receiving food stamps in 2016. About three-quarters of them did not work, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue says the administration thinks these people should be able to get jobs, especially now that the nation's unemployment rate is the lowest it has been in years.

"We believe the purpose of our welfare system should help people to become independent rather than permanent dependency," he recently told the House Agriculture Committee. "We think we are helping people to, again, move into the dignity of work and the respect of providing for their families."

To do that, the administration would stop food stamps after three months for ABAWDs who don't work, volunteer or get job training for at least 20 hours a week. That's already the law, but many states waive that requirement in high unemployment areas. The Trump administration would make those waivers much more difficult to come by.

It's part of a broader effort by the administration to impose tighter work requirements on recipients of government aid, such as housing vouchers and Medicaid. A federal judge last week blocked two states, Arkansas and Kentucky, from implementing the Medicaid work rule, calling it "arbitrary and capricious."

But the concept has strong Republican support.

"People believe that able-bodied people who can work, should work," Tennessee Republican Rep. Scott Desjarlais told Perdue, "Do you have any idea why there might be so much pushback and concerns on this measure?"

"I have no clue," Perdue responded.

At the Franciscan Center in Baltimore, where low-income individuals come every day for food, clothing and other help, people think they have a pretty good idea why opposition is so strong.

"Right now, I'm literally dependent on places like this," says 41-year-old Alton Royal, who carries a small plastic bag containing a couple of rolls and two peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. "This is my meal for the rest of the day."

Alton Royal of Baltimore depends on food stamps but fears he will lose them under the proposed rule because he can't find a job.

Pam Fessler / NPR

Royal says he gets $185 a month in SNAP benefits, but he worries he'll lose them under the proposed rules because he can't find work. He has a severely injured leg and a criminal record, which limit his options.

"But still I have to eat. I have to still try and find employment but I have those barriers against me," Royal says.

Others here are struggling with other barriers, such as homelessness, mental illness and drug addiction. Some already work, but not enough to meet the 20-hour-a-week threshold. One man says he has a janitorial job at the Baltimore Orioles' stadium, but only when the baseball team is in town. In the winter, he relies on food stamps.

"Everybody I know wants to work," says Royal. "Everybody."

Michael J. Wilson, director of Maryland Hunger Solutions, an advocacy group that opposes the rule, says threatening to take people's food away won't help them get a job. By the administration's own admission, the change would save $8 billion over five years, largely because 755,000 individuals will not meet the new requirements. Wilson estimates that about 30,000 of them will be in Maryland. He says that it's not just the lack of jobs, but the lack of other options.

"If all those folks showed up at a job training site tomorrow, they would swamp the offices," he says. "There's not enough space for them to be able to do this."

Perdue notes that there would be exceptions for those who are disabled or can't work for one reason of another, but it's largely up to the states. States are not required to guarantee an individual a job, training or volunteer opportunity before stopping their benefits. Looking for work only counts toward the required 20 hours if it's paired with an education and training program.

Craig Gundersen, a professor of agriculture and consumer economics at the University of Illinois, questions the administration's assertion that imposing work requirements will move more SNAP recipients into the labor force. He says there's no evidence that receiving food stamps discourages work.

"This idea that people are ripping off the system or something, that's just not true," he says. In fact, food stamp benefits are structured to encourage work, he says, by reducing benefits gradually as income grows.

Gundersen also says the proposal "is just not consistent with the goals of the program," which is to reduce hunger.

For the most part, SNAP has enjoyed strong bipartisan support. A similar work requirement was rejected by Congress last year when lawmakers debated a new farm bill. President Trump announced the proposed rule the same day he signed that bill into law.

As a result, congressional Democrats have threatened to sue if the change goes into effect later this year, as the administration intends.

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Three-quarters of a million people would likely lose their food stamps, or SNAP, benefits under a new proposal by the Trump administration. The stated goal is to encourage able-bodied adults to go to work and to get off government aid. Opponents predict people would go hungry instead. NPR's Pam Fessler reports.

PAM FESSLER, BYLINE: They're called ABAWDs, able-bodied adults without dependents - just the kind of people the administration thinks should work, especially with unemployment the lowest it's spending years. Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue made the case recently to a House committee.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

SONNY PERDUE: We believe the purpose of our welfare system should help people to become independent rather than permanent dependency. We believe it does this. We think we are helping people to, again, move into the dignity of work and the respect of providing for their families.

FESSLER: To do that, the administration would stop food stamps after three months for ABAWDs who don't work, volunteer or go to job training at least 20 hours a week. That's already the law, but many states waive it. The administration would make those waivers much harder to come by, something Tennessee Republican Congressman Scott DesJarlais told Perdue seems like a good idea.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

SCOTT DESJARLAIS: People believe that able-bodied people who can work should work. Do you have any idea why there might be so many - so much pushback and concerns on this measure?

PERDUE: I have no clue.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: Would you like some salad with that?

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: Yes, put a little salad...

FESSLER: People who come to the Franciscan Center in Baltimore for something to eat think they do have a clue. For many of them, this will be their only meal of the day, even if they do get food stamps.

ALTON ROYAL: Right now I'm literally depending on places like this - like - you know, this is my peanut butter and jelly I had to pack up right here.

FESSLER: Forty-one-year-old Alton Royal opens a small black plastic bag to show me a couple of rolls and pieces of bread. He gets $185 a month in SNAP benefits but worries he'll lose them because he can't find work.

ROYAL: It's not that simple, you know? I'm an ex-convict - you know? - just to keep it real. But still, I have to eat. I have to still try and find employment, but I have those barriers against me.

FESSLER: Including a severely injured leg. Some people here do work but not enough. One man told me he has a janitorial job at the Baltimore Orioles stadium but only when the team is in town. Royal says others here face different barriers, such as homelessness, mental illness and drug addiction.

ROYAL: People don't want to not have jobs, you know? That's sort of a myth that's created. Everybody I know want to work - everybody.

MICHAEL J. WILSON: Threatening to take away their food doesn't help them get a job.

FESSLER: Michael J. Wilson is director of Maryland Hunger Solutions, an advocacy group. He notes that by the administration's own admission, 755,000 individuals would not meet the new requirements. And it's not just for lack of work, says Wilson, but lack of other options.

WILSON: If all those folks showed up at a job training site tomorrow, they would swamp the offices. There's not enough space for them to be able to do this.

FESSLER: Agriculture Secretary Perdue notes that there would be exceptions for those who are disabled or can't work for other reasons, but it's largely left up to the states. The administration tried to get the work requirement enacted last year, but Congress rejected it. Democrats have now threatened to sue if the administration goes forward with the proposed rule. The administration argues that it's trying to break the cycle of dependency. Craig Gundersen, a SNAP expert at the University of Illinois, questions the logic.

CRAIG GUNDERSEN: We don't want to go back to, like, these poor houses back in the 1800s, where you had to work in order to get food. That's just not consistent with the goals of the program.

FESSLER: Which is to reduce hunger, something it does very well. Gundersen says there's no evidence that getting food stamps discourages work. Tomorrow's the last day the public can comment on the proposed rule which could go into effect later this year. Pam Fessler, NPR News, Washington. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.