We understand the complex theory, underlying assumptions, and limitations of each method; by applying consistently the most suitable estimation approaches to each project, we avoid pitfalls that could invalidate the conclusions of a study.

Actionable, understandable results

We explain our results in practical terms that relate directly to the operational scenarios and recommend the most effective mitigation methods. Where applicable, the modelled sound levels are interpreted considering the acoustic sensitivity specific to the biological receptors in the area including marine mammals, reptiles, and fish.

Our model results can be readily translated into exclusion zones/safety radii for use by marine mammal observers during ongoing operations. We provide sound level maps of affected areas that are easily interpreted by all project stakeholders.

Our models draw from our extensive database of industrial noise measurements stemming from over 30 years of underwater acoustic data collection and analysis.

Animal movement modelling for impact assessment

To predict acoustic impacts, we use a specialized software package (JASMINE), which incorporates the most current science on modelling aquatic species’ movement and behaviour, to expose simulated marine animals (called animats) to 3-D modelled sound fields. We determine the movement and behaviour parameters uniquely for each species from published studies on animal behaviour:

Direction of movement

Rates of lateral and vertical movement

Time spent at the surface between dives

Time spent at depth

Time spent in and between behavioural states (foraging, rest, play, and travel)

We model the acoustic exposure for each animat and compare it to exposure criteria to determine the probability of animals encountering various levels of acoustic exposure. These exposure probabilities provide a measure of the potential environmental impact of an acoustic source.