Translation of abstract (English)

Laser scanning ophthalmology is an important method for imaging the human ocular fundus. Unfortunately, the resolution of the method suffers from aberrations of the eye's optics. This thesis contains inspections regarding the application of an adaptive optical system, consisting of an micromechanical piston mirror and a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. The interaction of Hartmann-Shack sensor, micromechanical mirror and scanner is examined theoreticaly and in numerical simulations. In further simulations, upper limits for the performance of the micromechanical mirror are calculated. A laser-scanning ophthalmoscope integrating a Hartmann-Shack sensor is designed. The device is used to measure wavefront aberrations of some probands, averaged over scan angles of 2 to 10 degree.