History in 1822. Under the direction of giovanni plana, in 1822 a Royal decreechanged the Specola into a Royal Astronomical Observatory. http://biblio.to.astro.it/en/info/history.html

Extractions: Up The Observatory Library was born as a private collection when father Giovanni Battista Beccaria, author of Gradus Taurinensis, arranged the instruments he was using in his astronomical-geodetical works in a tower placed in Via Po, Turin city center. The instruments were then brought in the first Specola, built in 1790 on the roof of the Palace of the Academy of Sciences, and then transferred in Palazzo Madama in 1822. Under the direction of Giovanni Plana, in 1822 a Royal decree changed the Specola into a Royal Astronomical Observatory. The Library was also moved in Palazzo Madama together with all the instruments, and remained there till 1912, when the Astronomical Observatory was finally transferred in the current seat of Pino Torinese under the direction of father Giovanni Boccardi. The Library has a collection of approx. 15.000 volumes, among which Introductorium astronomicum theorias corporum coelestium duobus libris complectes by Jacques Lefèvre (1517) Uranometria omnium asterismorum continens schemata, nova methodo delineata, aereis laminis expressa by

BABBAGE BY SCHAFFER PART 3 Babbage was invited to the meeting by giovanni plana, a Laplacian graduateof the Ecole Polytechnique and Piedmontese government astronomer. http://cci.wmin.ac.uk/schaffer/schaffer03.html

Extractions: "The engine, from its capability of performing by itself all those purely material operations, spares intellectual labour, which may be more profitably employed. Thus the engine may be considered as a real manufactory of figures" (L.F.Menabrea, 1842, translated by Ada Lovelace, 1843). But in the mid-1830s Babbage began negotiating a new contract with Clement's former draughtsman, C.G.Jarvis, with whom he developed plans for what they baptised the Analytical Engine. "The railroad mania withdrew from other pursuits the most intellectual and skilful draftsmen", Babbage recalled. In 1842-3 he arranged for a major publicity campaign, initially through Italian contacts such as the Piedmontese military engineer and future premier L.F.Menabrea and then through his close ally the aristocratic philomath Ada Lovelace. This new machine was an unprecedented technical system. It was designed to carry in its memory one thousand numbers each of fifty digits. The store consisted of sets of parallel figure wheels, structured like those in the store of the Difference Engine; the

Organization Of The Observatory 1819 the director of the Observatory of Naples, giovanni Santini, who became in1817 the director of the Observatory of Padua, and giovanni plana, who became http://liberti.dhs.org/liberti/maths-history/mossotti/node8.html

Extractions: Next: Mossotti's Achievements at the Up: The Observatory of Brera Previous: The Observatory of Brera The Brera Observatory was built in 1765 as an extension of the Brera palace under the direction of the jesuite Giuseppe Ruggero Boscovich (1711-1787), who was at the time a professor of mathematics at University of Pavia. By the first decade of the XIX century the Observatory had gained international fame and importance: in 1781 Messier informed the Observatory about a new celestial body recently discovered by William Herschel, who had described it as a curious nebulous star or a comet: he had actually discovered the planet Uranus. The astronomers of Brera Observatory immediately set out to calculate the orbit, and although the results were far from accurate, they realized that the new ``comet" had a circular orbit. The calculations for the orbit made by the Observatory were considered as official up to five years later, when it was realized that the new comet was in fact a planet. By 1810, the Observatory had seven full-time staff members, three main astronomers, three

Encyclopædia Britannica giovanni Antonio Amedeo plana University of St.Andrews Biographical sketch of thisItalian mathematician known for his research works in integrals, elliptic http://www.britannica.com/search?query=giovanni giorgi&fuzzy=N&ct=igv&start=6&sh