Many parents all over the world now use digital media to aid in parenting, but this is even more important when they are not physically present. Daniel Miller and Mirca Madianou explore this in their work on transnational families’ use of new media, but physical separation is not always a result of international migration. In northern Chile, for example, many fathers and the occasional mother are physically absent from their children due to work in the mining industry. The mines around 4–5 hours from the nearest cities, so workers stay at the mine for a full week’s shift, and can only interact with their families through social media such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and video apps such as Skype and Viber.​