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30 Cards in this Set

a microbe that causes disease - only 1% of all known microbes are pathogens

what are the 5 microbes

bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans, and viruses

what are the functions of microbes?

1. capture light energy and store it for others (photosynthetic)
2. decompose dead organixms and other wastes
3. make nitrogen available to plants from the air
4. beneficial to other organisms
5. food industry
6. synthesis of antibiotics
7. field of genetic engineering

antibiotics

substances derived from 1 organism that kill or inhibit growth of other microorganisms

field of genetic engineering

the use of microbes to make things for us

5 kingdom classification

monera
protista
plantae
fungi
animalia

prokaryotic

no nuclear membrane

eukaryotic

nuclear membrane

monera

one celled
prokaryotic
3 shapes - round, rod, spiral
found in all environments
they can eat, they can decompose almost anything

protista

divided into 2 parts - algae and protozoans

algae

most are single celled and therefore microscopic but some are larger and multi-cellular
nonpathogen
they are of little medical importance

protozoans

do contain some pathogens
single celled and microscopic
nuclear membrane (eukaryotic)

plantae

all are photosynthetic
no pathogens

fungi

-yeasts, molds, and mushrooms
-one is unicellular (yeasts) and most part are multicellular
-absorb nutrients from the environment from only dead organisms
-some are pathogentic and others are the sources of antibiotics

viruses

-not found in the five kingdoms because they are acellular - they are not composed of cells
-they are formed with only nucleic acid and protein - all there is to a virus
-RNA and DNA
-they reproduce only in living cells
-all are pathogenic to something
-there are viruses that only effect bacteria, there are viruses that only retain the ability to be infective

bacteriology

study of bacteria

phycology

study of algae

mycology

study of fungi

protozology

study of protozoans

virology

study of virus

parasitology

study of parasitic worms

greeks

-noticed that there were person to person trasmission
-noticed that there was clothing to person transmission

romans

-practiced biological warfare before battle - battles or wars were lost back in this time because of microbes

robert hooke

-devised the first lenses
-came up with the word cell

VanLeeuwenhoek

-developed much better lenses with up to 300X magnification
-observed bacteria, protoxoa, fungi, and algae

Linneaus

developed the binomial classification

Redi

devised some experiments to refute this theory of spontaneous generation

Pasteur - pasteurization

the process of heating to 56 degrees C for 30 minutes - does not sterilize but does reduce the number of microorganisms to around 30,000 per tsp
-kills pathogens