X-ray imaging of biomolecular systems is undergoing a revolution that will transform our understanding of biological systems at multiple length scales. X-rays have the unique capability of probing biological structures from centimeters to nanometers, often with thick samples and even in three dimensions. This workshop is designed to bring together researchers in the use of X-ray imaging to discuss the methods development and facilities upgrades that will be needed to apply the full range of imaging modalities to biological systems. The purposes of this workshop are (1) to highlight multi-length scale studies made possible by X-ray techniques, (2) bring together researchers to build the life science case for the APS Renewal, and (3) to explore synergy with other imaging modalities.