This translation and the short original text are both under copyright, and
therefore not reproduced fully here.

Every day to earn my daily breadI go to the market where lies are
bought....

From
Poems in Exile (1942), well translated by Michael Hamburger.

Bertolt Brecht

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) was German poet, playwright, and theatrical
reformer, and some editorialize one of the most prominent figures in the
20th-century theatre. In his works Brecht had been concerned with
encouraging audiences to think rather than becoming too involved in the
story and to identify with the characters.

Brecht developed a form of drama called "epic theatre" in which ideas or
didactic lessons are important. His works have been translated into many
languages. He wanted his theater to represent a forum for debate rather than
a place of illusions. From the Russian and Chinese theaters Brecht derived
some of his basic concepts of staging and theatrical stylization, though
many notions have been stretched and twisted outside his limits into a
caricature of his ideas.

His concept of the
Verfremdungseffekt, or V-Effekt (sometimes
translated as 'alienation effect') centered on the idea of 'making strange'
and thereby making poetic. He aimed to take emotion out of the production,
persuade the audience to distance from the make believe characters and make
the actors to dissociate from their roles. Then the political truth would be
more easy to comprehend. Once he said: "Nothing is more important than
learning to think crudely. Crude thinking is the thinking of great men."

Fleeing the Nazis, Brecht continued with his family through Russia to the
United States, settling in Santa Monica, California.[ 1 ] In his new country Brecht
tried to write for Hollywood, but the only script that found partial
acceptance was Hangmen Also Die (1942).

"The intellectual isolation here is enormous," Brecht complained. "Compared
to Hollywood, Svendborg was a world center." His ideas, such as "the
production, distribution and enjoyment of bread," were not taken seriously
by movie moguls. In 1947 Brecht was accused of un-American activities, but
managed to confuse with half-truths J. Parnell Thomas, the chairman of the
House Committee on Un-American Activities, who praised Brecht for being an
exemplary witness. However, he flew to Switzerland, without waiting for the
opening of his play Galileo in New York.

Having spent much of my life on the periphery of Hollywood and environs, I
conclude that Brecht -- as with Schoenberg and Heinrich Mann -- could not
have easily collaborated in Hollywood as did so many other expatriates, many
wonderful musicians having also fled the Nazis and the murderous ends of
National Socialism. And so Brecht condemns the many in Hollywood, without
considering his own part in that so-called "intellectual isolation." This
alone tells much of his personality. Like so many artists, his work stands
apart from the man as man.

This little poem which I set in English bemoans Brecht's view that Hollywood
was a place where "lies are bought." It seems from then until today, that
perception of Hollywood remains rather consistent. Moreover, the ironic end
to Brecht's political stand is that his works have created a large profit
for his heirs, who continue to guard the theaters which represent their
"capital" assets, just as did Hollywood theirs. As to that "intellectual
isolation," one may collaborate with others only when one allows others
their own ideas too, and this was something which was rather foreign to
Brecht's notion of his own importance.

The setting of this ironic text was a gift to the ensemble cast of LA
Opera's The Rise and Fall of the City Mahagonny, directed by Jonathan
Miller, in which I had the good fortune to portray Jimmy. Anna Steiger was a
sympathetic Jenny, and the remainder of the cast was genuinely superb, all
drawn from local talent in southern California.

The score to Hollywood is available as a free PDF download,
and Hamburger's text still remains under copyright in the EU as in the
United States. Therefore this PDF is made available only for academic and
other study purposes. Click on the
graphic below for this piano-vocal score.

[ 1 ] Santa
Monica, where I lived for some time in my young adult days, was also
home for some time to German author Heinrich Mann, brother of Thomas Mann, among other
notables.

Expatriates fleeing the Nazis comprised a great gift to
Hollywood as an industry and to the cultural life of southern
California. In addition southern California was home for a time to Billy
Wilder, Alfred Hitchcock, Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg (who
instructed at UCLA), Sergei Rachmaninoff, as well as virtuosi like Jascha Heifetz and Gregor Piatagorsky. The list of luminaries who were
able to work in Hollywood -- where Brecht found only "intellectual
isolation" -- is simply too lengthy to include herein.

What seems clear
in hindsight was that Brecht could not make himself an "intellectual"
home, where major contributors in so many artistic fields of endeavor
had, for personal reasons which did not include Hollywood itself at that
time.