2. Women are often expected to take notes in a meeting. This one can be detrimental, write Wharton professor Adam Grant and Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg in their New York Times article, " Madam CEO, Get Me a Coffee." In addition to using up valuable time, taking notes during meetings can cause women to miss opportunities, since it's very difficult for the person scribbling away to also make the killer point.

VFS Digital Design/flickr3. Women are often asked to fetch coffee, soda, or other beverages. Grant and Sandberg write that women are also asked to carry out more personal tasks, such as getting coffee. This can be a particularly tricky situation to deal with, as women are often viewed as selfish if they say no.

4. Women are often expected to mentor young people and assist coworkers. And if they don't do it, they're punished. Psychologist Madeline Heilman led a study in which participants were asked to rate the performance of a male or female employee who did or did not offer to stay after work to help a colleague. If a man stayed late, his favorability was enhanced by 14%. When both the man and woman declined to stay late, the woman was rated 12% less favorably than the man. Repeatedly, after offering identical work-related altruism, the man was more likely to be promoted and offered important projects, raises, and bonuses.

5. Women are often asked to head thankless committees. And when a woman declines to help out, coworkers like her less and her career suffers, write Grant and Sandberg in their New York Times article. What's more, when a man says no, he faces no negative consequences; he is regarded as "busy," while a woman would be considered "selfish."

6. Women are often expected to bring cupcakes for a colleague's birthday, order food for the office, and plan parties. While this may seem insignificant, this type of office housework can take a psychological toll, write Grant and Sandberg. They cite an analysis of 183 studies across 15 countries and various occupations that revealed that women were more likely to feel emotionally exhausted, which significantly increases their chances of burning out.