This study analyzes the efforts to restore the historic downtown(main street) of America"s local cities through the Main Street Program. A particular focus is an analysis of the Main Street Program"s creative system and case study of three cities(Port Townsend, Walla Walla, Wenatchee) in state of Washington attempting to revitalize their historic Main Street districts. America"s local cities experienced great changes in the last century that led to a growing number of urban problems. Amid all of these changes, America"s Main Streets lost importance and had little value to big box retailers who preferred massive, uniform buildings. To address this problems, the Main Street Program, created and administered by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, began in 1980. Since its implementation, the Main Street Program through its four-point Approach(organization, promotion, design and economic restructuring) and eight principles(comprehensive, incremental, self-help, partnerships, identifying and capitalizing on existing assets, quality, change, and implementation) has helped communities to revitalize and rehabilitate their downtowns. This study, through literature investigation, grasps tendencies of 38 successful cases, analyzes concrete contents of 3 cases by field surveys and interviews, and establishes a model system of Main Street Program. As a result of analyzing the cases, we determined the following points should be considered. It should not be compulsory but should be a spontaneous process and especially, should be carried out by inhabitants, and have to have the creative rehabilitation process in terms of identifying and capitalizing on existing assets. And its system deals with business recruitment and retention as an ongoing process. The Program recognizes that revitalization is a slow and long-term process that must include the entire community; therefore, community volunteers and partnerships between businesses, government and the public are highly valued and a major requisite for local programs.

대한국토·도시계획학회

국토계획

미리보기

원문다운

출간년월

논문제목

본문

논문초록

논문저자

저널종류

2007년 8월

미국 지방도시의 역사적 중심가로 재활성화 방법 분석

AbstractⅠ. 서론Ⅱ. 메인스트리트 프로그램의 특성Ⅲ. 사례별 재활성화 시스템 분석Ⅳ. 종합 및 시사점Ⅴ. 결론인용문헌

This study analyzes the efforts to restore the historic downtown(main street) of America"s local cities through the Main Street Program. A particular focus is an analysis of the Main Street Program"s creative system and case study of three cities(Port Townsend, Walla Walla, Wenatchee) in state of Washington attempting to revitalize their historic Main Street districts. America"s local cities experienced great changes in the last century that led to a growing number of urban problems. Amid all of these changes, America"s Main Streets lost importance and had little value to big box retailers who preferred massive, uniform buildings. To address this problems, the Main Street Program, created and administered by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, began in 1980. Since its implementation, the Main Street Program through its four-point Approach(organization, promotion, design and economic restructuring) and eight principles(comprehensive, incremental, self-help, partnerships, identifying and capitalizing on existing assets, quality, change, and implementation) has helped communities to revitalize and rehabilitate their downtowns. This study, through literature investigation, grasps tendencies of 38 successful cases, analyzes concrete contents of 3 cases by field surveys and interviews, and establishes a model system of Main Street Program. As a result of analyzing the cases, we determined the following points should be considered. It should not be compulsory but should be a spontaneous process and especially, should be carried out by inhabitants, and have to have the creative rehabilitation process in terms of identifying and capitalizing on existing assets. And its system deals with business recruitment and retention as an ongoing process. The Program recognizes that revitalization is a slow and long-term process that must include the entire community; therefore, community volunteers and partnerships between businesses, government and the public are highly valued and a major requisite for local programs.

This paper aims at inducing implications from overseas advanced cases, related to city marketing through culture in urban regeneration cases, and has focused on discussing whether those cases could be applied to Korea or not. In order to make this study be successful, this research chooses four cases - Tate Modem Gallery in London, England, Pare de La Villette, Centre Pompidou in Paris, France, and the district heating plant at Spitte lau, Austria - as overseas advanced urban regeneration cases. Each of them shows us great implications. Considering the way of increasing urban competitiveness power by making spaces, called "City", attractive, only if those cases were approached with distinctive intentions or plans, they could possess the chances of being places considered as benchmarking cases by other countries. It does not matter what size of the subject the case has, what kinds of developers, such as public or private, are included. And it becomes possible to discard the images seen as an indifferent and unpleasant place. Especially, the regions in this article created uniqueness through urban regeneration and clearly showed that those can give great satisfactions to both citizens and visitors by offering new functions or features. Since the beginning of the industrialization in Korea in 1960"s, it took great time to become an advanced country like today"s. And there have been buildings, which had the architectural style of western, and which needed regeneration. Taken together, this study has a main purpose on showing that it comes close to the time to consider city marketing through culture as an urban regeneration tool.

This paper aims at inducing implications from overseas advanced cases, related to city marketing through culture in urban regeneration cases, and has focused on discussing whether those cases could be applied to Korea or not. In order to make this study be successful, this research chooses four cases - Tate Modem Gallery in London, England, Pare de La Villette, Centre Pompidou in Paris, France, and the district heating plant at Spitte lau, Austria - as overseas advanced urban regeneration cases. Each of them shows us great implications. Considering the way of increasing urban competitiveness power by making spaces, called "City", attractive, only if those cases were approached with distinctive intentions or plans, they could possess the chances of being places considered as benchmarking cases by other countries. It does not matter what size of the subject the case has, what kinds of developers, such as public or private, are included. And it becomes possible to discard the images seen as an indifferent and unpleasant place. Especially, the regions in this article created uniqueness through urban regeneration and clearly showed that those can give great satisfactions to both citizens and visitors by offering new functions or features. Since the beginning of the industrialization in Korea in 1960"s, it took great time to become an advanced country like today"s. And there have been buildings, which had the architectural style of western, and which needed regeneration. Taken together, this study has a main purpose on showing that it comes close to the time to consider city marketing through culture as an urban regeneration tool.

This paper deals with the characteristics of the public agencies and grant programs for urban regeneration in England. For this, the urban regeneration strategies, public agencies and grant programs in England are reviewed periodically. The major findings of this study are as followings. In 1980s, urban regeneration institutions such as Urban Development Corporation, Enterprise Zone, Urban Development Grant etc. were introduced to execute central government-led urban regeneration policy, whereas, in early 1990s, English Partnership, City Challenge Fund and Single Regeneration Budget were main urban regeneration institutions. From late 19908 to these days, Regional Development Agency, Urban Regeneration Companies and Single Budget have played important roles in local government-based urban regeneration. The characteristics and implications of urban regeneration in England are as follows. ① comprehensive integrated approach in urban regeneration strategies ② emphasis on the role of local government in public agencies ③ various grant programs for the revitalization of deprivated areas ④ challenging system on the premise of Public Private Partnerships(PPP) and the periodical evaluation on the funding regeneration projects.

This paper deals with the characteristics of the public agencies and grant programs for urban regeneration in England. For this, the urban regeneration strategies, public agencies and grant programs in England are reviewed periodically. The major findings of this study are as followings. In 1980s, urban regeneration institutions such as Urban Development Corporation, Enterprise Zone, Urban Development Grant etc. were introduced to execute central government-led urban regeneration policy, whereas, in early 1990s, English Partnership, City Challenge Fund and Single Regeneration Budget were main urban regeneration institutions. From late 19908 to these days, Regional Development Agency, Urban Regeneration Companies and Single Budget have played important roles in local government-based urban regeneration. The characteristics and implications of urban regeneration in England are as follows. ① comprehensive integrated approach in urban regeneration strategies ② emphasis on the role of local government in public agencies ③ various grant programs for the revitalization of deprivated areas ④ challenging system on the premise of Public Private Partnerships(PPP) and the periodical evaluation on the funding regeneration projects.

Over the past years, local improvement projects in Korea have caused many problems, including a high density housing development due to the deregulation of the Building Law. They forced to demolish many existing houses to expand roads and did not provide proper ways to protect tenants lived in the site. Therefore, this study explores the local improvement projects to improve residential environments in terms of the regeneration and restoration of a community. First, this study identifies the problems of current local improvement projects in Korea. Then it reviewed improvement projects for deteriorated residential areas in Japan which has achieved a high resettlement rate of the existing tenants. Finally, based on the Japanese cases, it suggests ways to promote local improvement projects in Korea.

Over the past years, local improvement projects in Korea have caused many problems, including a high density housing development due to the deregulation of the Building Law. They forced to demolish many existing houses to expand roads and did not provide proper ways to protect tenants lived in the site. Therefore, this study explores the local improvement projects to improve residential environments in terms of the regeneration and restoration of a community. First, this study identifies the problems of current local improvement projects in Korea. Then it reviewed improvement projects for deteriorated residential areas in Japan which has achieved a high resettlement rate of the existing tenants. Finally, based on the Japanese cases, it suggests ways to promote local improvement projects in Korea.

This paper is to search for the characteristics of urban regeneration in Birmingham of the UK and to suggest limitation of the property-led urban regeneration. For them, I reviewed urban regeneration schemes and strategies which have been successfully undertaken in real cases. In particular, this paper focuses on the theories of new urbanism and sustainable development which have been assumed benefits of the new paradigm of urban design. I established framework for case studies, which is based on holistic aspects such as political aspect, physical aspect and social aspect. Through this paper, I suggested key feature of urban regeneration in the UK through how do urban policies and theories apply to strategies such as organic linkage between related plans, accurate strategic vision and master plan, social integration, the interaction of economy and place making.

This paper is to search for the characteristics of urban regeneration in Birmingham of the UK and to suggest limitation of the property-led urban regeneration. For them, I reviewed urban regeneration schemes and strategies which have been successfully undertaken in real cases. In particular, this paper focuses on the theories of new urbanism and sustainable development which have been assumed benefits of the new paradigm of urban design. I established framework for case studies, which is based on holistic aspects such as political aspect, physical aspect and social aspect. Through this paper, I suggested key feature of urban regeneration in the UK through how do urban policies and theories apply to strategies such as organic linkage between related plans, accurate strategic vision and master plan, social integration, the interaction of economy and place making.