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Abstract:

A variable arc sprinkler may be set to numerous positions along a
continuum to adjust the arcuate span of the sprinkler. The sprinkler
includes a nozzle body and a valve sleeve that helically engage each
other to define an arcuate slot that may be adjusted at the top of the
sprinkler to a desired arcuate span. The sprinkler may include a flow
rate adjustment device that may be adjusted by actuation or rotation of
an outer wall portion of the sprinkler. Rotation of the outer wall
portion may cause a throttle control member to move axially to or away
from an inlet, or may cause one or more restrictor elements to open or
close, to control the flow rate of the sprinkler.

Claims:

1. A variable arc nozzle comprising: a deflector having an underside
surface contoured to deliver fluid generally radially outwardly therefrom
through an arcuate span; and a nozzle body defining an inlet, an outlet,
a first valve portion, and a second valve portion, the inlet capable of
receiving fluid from a source, the outlet capable of delivering fluid to
the underside surface of the deflector, the first valve portion defining
an internal helical surface, and the second valve portion defining an
external helical surface that adjustably cooperates with the internal
helical surface of the first valve portion to form an arcuate slot that
is adjustable in size to determine the arcuate span; wherein the nozzle
body includes a wall extending axially downstream from the arcuate slot
for redirecting fluid flow from the arcuate slot to the underside surface
of the deflector.

2. The variable arc nozzle of claim 1 further comprising an arc
adjustment member and a bore in the deflector, the arc adjustment member
extending through the deflector bore and engaging the second valve
portion for rotation of the second valve portion to adjust the size of
the arcuate slot.

3. The variable arc nozzle of claim 1 wherein the second valve portion
comprises a molded generally cylindrical second valve body and an
overmolded portion, the overmolded portion defining the external helical
surface.

4. The variable arc nozzle of claim 1 wherein the second valve portion
further defines a fin projecting radially outwardly from the second valve
portion for channeling fluid flow to define an edge of fluid flowing
through the arcuate slot.

5. The variable arc nozzle of claim 1 wherein the first valve portion of
the nozzle body comprises an overmolded portion defining the internal
helical surface.

6. The variable arc nozzle of claim 1 wherein the second valve portion
comprises a first fin projecting radially outwardly from the second valve
portion and wherein the nozzle body comprises a second fin projecting
radially inwardly from the first valve portion, the first and second fins
channeling fluid flow to define first and second edges of fluid flowing
through the arcuate slot.

7. The variable arc nozzle of claim 1 further comprising a flow rate
adjustment device positioned downstream of the inlet to regulate flow to
the deflector.

8. The variable arc nozzle of claim 7 wherein the nozzle body further
comprises a collar and wherein the flow rate adjustment device comprises
a throttle control member located downstream of the inlet, the collar
operatively coupled to the throttle control member for axial movement of
the throttle control member toward and away from the inlet.

9. The variable arc nozzle of claim 7 wherein the flow rate adjustment
device defines an opening and has at least a first flow restrictor
element and a second flow restrictor element, the elements cooperating to
variably adjust the opening between a closed position, wherein the
opening is almost completely obstructed, and an open position, wherein
less than half of the opening is obstructed.

10. The variable arc nozzle of claim 2 wherein the second valve portion
defines a bore and includes an internal splined segment for interlockably
engaging a corresponding splined segment of the arc adjustment member.

11. The variable arc nozzle of claim 10 wherein the second valve portion
and arc adjustment member are configured such that rotation of the arc
adjustment member beyond a predetermined position causes the arc
adjustment member to continue to rotate without corresponding rotation of
the second valve portion.

12. The variable arc nozzle of claim 2 wherein the deflector includes an
open upper end and wherein the nozzle further comprises a cap for
mounting to the upper end of the deflector, the cap having an interface
configured to engage the arc adjustment member for rotation of the member
to adjust the size of the arcuate slot.

13. The variable arc nozzle of claim 1 further comprising a speed control
brake coupled to the deflector for regulating the rotational speed of the
deflector.

14. The variable arc nozzle of claim 2 further comprising at least one
biasing element for applying a predetermined pre-load force to urge the
second valve portion against the first valve portion.

15. The variable arc nozzle of claim 14 wherein the at least one biasing
element has a first end and a second end, the first end operatively
coupled to the arc adjustment member and the second end operatively
coupled to the second valve portion.

16. A nozzle comprising: a deflector having an underside surface
contoured to deliver fluid generally radially outwardly therefrom; a
collar rotatable about the central axis and defining an internal surface;
and a valve having an external surface for coupling to the internal
surface of the collar; wherein rotation of the collar causes opening and
closing of the valve for adjusting the amount of fluid flow through the
nozzle.

17. The nozzle of claim 16 wherein the valve comprises a throttle control
member rotatable about the central axis and wherein rotation of the
collar causes rotation of the throttle control member and movement of the
throttle control member in a direction substantially parallel to the
central axis.

18. The nozzle of claim 17 wherein the throttle control member has a
central hub defining an internal bore and wherein the nozzle further
comprises a post for engagement with the central hub of the throttle
control member.

19. The nozzle of claim 16 wherein the valve defines a flow opening and
comprises at least a first flow restrictor element and a second flow
restrictor element, the elements cooperating to variably adjust the flow
opening between a closed position, wherein the flow opening is almost
completely obstructed, and an open position, wherein less than half of
the flow opening is obstructed.

20. The nozzle of claim 19 comprising a total number of restrictor
elements, n, wherein n is greater than two, such that the flow restrictor
elements shift relative to one another to increase or decrease the size
of the flow opening of the valve, each restrictor element having a
shutter and a central hub that define at least in part an arcuate flow
aperture therethrough, the shutter extending approximately 1/n of the way
about the hub to obstruct the flow opening.

21. The nozzle of claim 18 further comprising an inlet upstream of the
throttle control member, rotation of the collar causing the throttle
control member to move axially to or away from the inlet.

22. The nozzle of claim 16 wherein the collar comprises a cylindrical
portion having the internal surface for engagement with the external
surface of the valve.

23. The nozzle of claim 16 wherein the nozzle collar defines a
substantially circumferential outer wall, the outer wall rotatable for
opening and closing the valve.

24. The nozzle of claim 17 wherein the internal surface of the collar
defines a first splined surface and wherein the external surface of the
throttle control member defines a second splined surface for interlocking
engagement with the first splined surface of the collar.

25. The nozzle of claim 21 wherein the central hub of the throttle
control member is internally threaded for engagement with corresponding
threads of the post, rotation of the throttle control member causing it
to move along the threads in an axial direction to or away from the
inlet.

26. The nozzle of claim 17 wherein the throttle control member comprises
a ring having the external surface on the outside circumference thereof
and a plurality of ribs joining the ring to a central hub, the ribs
defining flow passages for the flow of fluid therethrough.

27. The nozzle of claim 17 wherein the throttle control member comprises
one or more arcuate segments, each having a splined surface on the
outside circumference thereof, the one or more arcuate segments
projecting radially outwardly from a central hub.

28. The nozzle of claim 17 wherein the collar and throttle control member
are configured such that rotation of the collar beyond a predetermined
position causes the collar to continue to rotate without corresponding
rotation of the throttle control member.

29. A variable arc nozzle comprising: a deflector rotatable about a
central axis and having an underside surface contoured to deliver fluid
generally radially outwardly therefrom through an arcuate span; an arc
adjustment valve including a first valve portion and a second valve
portion, the first valve portion defining an internal helical surface and
the second valve portion defining an external helical surface that
adjustably cooperates with the internal helical surface of the first
valve portion to form an arcuate slot that is adjustable in size to
determine the arcuate span; a collar rotatable about the central axis and
defining an internal surface; and a flow rate adjustment valve having an
external surface for coupling to the internal surface of the collar;
wherein rotation of the collar causes opening and closing of the flow
rate adjustment valve for adjusting the amount of fluid flow through the
nozzle.

Description:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application is a continuation application of pending U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 12/248,644, filed Oct. 9, 2008, which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates to irrigation sprinklers and, more
particularly, to an irrigation sprinkler for distribution of water
through an adjustable arc and with an adjustable flow rate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The use of sprinklers is a common method of irrigating landscape
and vegetation areas. In a typical irrigation system, various types of
sprinklers are used to distribute water over a desired area, including
rotating stream type and fixed spray pattern type sprinklers. One type of
irrigation sprinkler is the rotating deflector or so-called micro-stream
type having a rotatable vaned deflector for producing a plurality of
relatively small water streams swept over a surrounding terrain area to
irrigate adjacent vegetation.

[0004] Rotating stream sprinklers of the type having a rotatable vaned
deflector for producing a plurality of relatively small outwardly
projected water streams are known in the art. In such sprinklers, one or
more jets of water are generally directed upwardly against a rotatable
deflector having a vaned lower surface defining an array of relatively
small flow channels extending upwardly and turning radially outwardly
with a spiral component of direction. The water jet or jets impinge upon
this underside surface of the deflector to fill these curved channels and
to rotatably drive the deflector. At the same time, the water is guided
by the curved channels for projection outwardly from the sprinkler in the
form of a plurality of relatively small water streams to irrigate a
surrounding area. As the deflector is rotatably driven by the impinging
water, the water streams are swept over the surrounding terrain area,
with the range of throw depending on the flow rate of water through the
sprinkler.

[0005] In rotating stream sprinklers of this general type, it is desirable
to control the arcuate area through which the sprinkler distributes
water. In this regard, it is desirable to use a sprinkler that
distributes water through a variable pattern, such as a full circle,
half-circle, or some other arc portion of a circle, at the discretion of
the user. Traditional variable arc sprinklers suffer from limitations
with respect to setting the water distribution arc. Some have used
interchangeable pattern inserts to select from a limited number of water
distribution arcs, such as quarter-circle or half-circle. Others have
used punch-outs to select a fixed water distribution arc, but once a
distribution arc was set by removing some of the punch-outs, the arc
could not later be reduced. Many conventional sprinklers have a fixed,
dedicated construction that permits only a discrete number of arc
patterns and prevents them from being adjusted to any arc pattern desired
by the user.

[0006] Other conventional sprinkler types allow a variable arc of coverage
but only for a limited arcuate range. It would be desirable to have a
single sprinkler head that covers substantially a full range of arcuate
coverage, rather than several models that provide a limited arcuate range
of coverage. For rotating stream sprinklers, however, it is difficult to
provide coverage for low angles, such as from about 0 degrees to about 90
degrees, because water flow may not be adequate at these low angles to
impart sufficient force to the rotating deflector. Thus, it would be
desirable to have a single sprinkler head that could provide arcuate
coverage from about at least 90 degrees to about 360 degrees.

[0007] Because of the limited adjustability of the water distribution arc,
use of such conventional sprinklers may result in overwatering or
underwatering of surrounding terrain. This is especially true where
multiple sprinklers are used in a predetermined pattern to provide
irrigation coverage over extended terrain. In such instances, given the
limited flexibility in the types of water distribution arcs available,
the use of multiple conventional sprinklers often results in an overlap
in the water distribution arcs or in insufficient coverage. Thus, certain
portions of the terrain are overwatered, while other portions are not
watered at all. Accordingly, there is a need for a variable arc rotating
stream sprinkler head that allows a user to set the water distribution
arc along the continuum from at least substantially 90 degrees to
substantially 360 degrees, without being limited to certain discrete
angles of coverage.

[0008] It is also desirable to control or regulate the throw radius of the
water distributed to the surrounding terrain. In this regard, in the
absence of a flow rate adjustment device, the irrigation sprinkler will
have limited variability in the throw radius of water distributed from
the sprinkler, given relatively constant water pressure from a source.
The inability to adjust the throw radius results both in the wasteful
watering of terrain that does not require irrigation or insufficient
watering of terrain that does require irrigation. A flow rate adjustment
device is desired to allow flexibility in water distribution and to allow
control over the distance water is distributed from the sprinkler,
without varying the water pressure from the source. Some designs provide
only limited adjustability and, therefore, allow only a limited range
over which water may be distributed by the sprinkler.

[0009] In addition, it has been found that adjustment of the distribution
arc is a commonly used feature of rotating stream sprinklers and other
sprinklers. It would be therefore desirable to make this feature
accessible from the top of the sprinkler's cap, which is generally more
convenient to the user. Conventional rotating stream sprinklers generally
do not allow arc adjustment from the top of the sprinkler's cap.

[0010] Accordingly, a need exists for a truly variable arc sprinkler that
can be adjusted to any water distribution arc from at least about 90
degrees to substantially 360 degrees. In addition, a need exists to
increase the adjustability of flow rate and throw radius of an irrigation
sprinkler without varying the water pressure, particularly for rotating
stream sprinkler heads of the type for sweeping a plurality of relatively
small water streams over a surrounding terrain area. Further, a need
exists for a rotating stream sprinkler that allows a user to adjust the
distribution arc from the top of the sprinkler's cap and to adjust the
throw radius by actuating or rotating an outer wall portion of the
sprinkler.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a rotating
stream sprinkler embodying features of the present invention.

[0012]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotating stream sprinkler
of FIG. 1;

[0013]FIG. 3 is a top exploded perspective view of the rotating stream
sprinkler of FIG. 1;

[0047] FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of a seventh embodiment of a
rotating stream sprinkler embodying features of the present invention;

[0048]FIG. 38 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of area 38-38 of FIG.
37;

[0049]FIG. 39 is a top exploded view of the valve sleeve without
overmolding, the overmolded portion of the valve sleeve, and the push nut
of the rotating stream sprinkler of FIG. 37; and

[0050]FIG. 40 is a bottom exploded view of the valve sleeve without
overmolding, the overmolded portion of the valve sleeve, and the push nut
of the rotating stream sprinkler of FIG. 33.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0051] FIGS. 1-4 show a first preferred embodiment of the rotating stream
sprinkler 10. The sprinkler 10 possesses an arc adjustability capability
that allows a user to generally set the arc of water distribution to
virtually any desired angle between at least about 90 degrees and
substantially 360 degrees. The arc adjustment feature is accessible via a
cap 12 at the top of the sprinkler 10, such as through the use of a hand
tool or a push-down interface, as described further below. The rotating
stream sprinkler 10 also preferably includes a flow rate adjustment
feature, which is shown in FIGS. 1-4, to regulate flow rate. The flow
rate adjustment feature is accessible by rotating an outer wall portion
of the sprinkler 10, as described further below.

[0052] The rotating stream sprinkler 10 generally comprises a compact
unit, preferably made primarily of lightweight molded plastic, which is
adapted for convenient thread-on mounting onto the upper end of a
stationary or pop-up riser (not shown). In operation, water under
pressure is delivered through the riser to a nozzle body 16. The water
initially passes through an inlet controlled by an adjustable flow rate
adjustment feature that regulates the amount of fluid flow through the
nozzle body 16. The water is then directed through an arcuate slot 20
that is generally adjustable between about 0 and 360 degrees and controls
the arcuate span of water distributed from the sprinkler 10. Water is
directed generally upwardly through the arcuate slot 20 to produce one or
more upwardly directed water jets that impinge the underside surface of a
deflector 22 for rotatably driving the deflector 22. The arcuate slot 20
is an outlet for the nozzle body 16. Although the arcuate slot 20 is
generally adjustable through an entire 360 degree arcuate range, water
flowing through the slot 20 may not be adequate to impart sufficient
force for desired rotation of the deflector 22, when the slot 20 is set
at relatively low angles, and which may result in the sprinkler 10 being
in an inoperable condition at these low angles.

[0053] The rotatable deflector 22 has an underside surface that is
contoured to deliver a plurality of fluid streams generally radially
outwardly therefrom through an arcuate span. As shown in FIG. 4, the
underside surface of the deflector 22 preferably includes an array of
spiral vanes 24. The spiral vanes 24 subdivide the water jet or jets into
the plurality of relatively small water streams which are distributed
radially outwardly therefrom to surrounding terrain as the deflector 22
rotates. The vanes 24 define a plurality of intervening flow channels
extending upwardly and spiraling along the underside surface to extend
generally radially outwardly with a selected inclination angle. During
operation of the sprinkler 10, the upwardly directed water jet or jets
impinge upon the lower or upstream segments of these vanes 24, which
subdivide the water flow into the plurality of relatively small flow
streams for passage through the flow channels and radially outward
projection from the sprinkler 10. A deflector like the type shown in U.S.
Pat. No. 6,814,304, which is assigned to the assignee of the present
application and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, is
preferably used. Other types of rotating deflectors used in rotating
stream sprinkler heads, however, may also be employed. In addition,
non-rotating deflectors used in non-rotating sprinkler heads may be used.
Such non-rotating deflectors need not have an underside surface with
spiral vanes but do preferably otherwise have the same general shape as
deflector 22, including, as described below, having a bore for insertion
of an arc adjustment member that can be adjusted by a user from a top
surface of the sprinkler.

[0054] The deflector 22 also preferably includes a speed control brake to
control the rotational speed of the deflector 22, as more fully described
in U.S. Pat. No. 6,814,304. In the preferred form shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,
the speed control brake includes a brake disk 28, a brake pad 30, and a
friction plate 32. The friction plate 32 is rotatable with the deflector
22 and, during operation of the sprinkler 10, is urged against the brake
pad 30, which, in turn, is retained against the stationary brake disk 28.
Water is directed upwardly and strikes the deflector 22, pushing the
deflector 22 and friction plate 32 upwards and causing rotation. In turn,
the rotating friction plate 32 engages the brake pad 30, resulting in
frictional resistance that serves to reduce, or brake, the rotational
speed of the deflector 22. Although the speed control brake is shown and
preferably used in connection with sprinkler 10 described and claimed
herein, other brakes or speed reducing mechanisms are available and may
be used to control the rotational speed of the deflector 22.

[0055] The arc adjustment feature of the sprinkler 10 is adjusted through
the use of an arc adjustment member 34. The arc adjustment member 34 lies
along and defines a central axis C-C of the sprinkler 10, and the
deflector 22 is rotatably mounted on an upper end of the member 34. As
can be seen from FIGS. 3-4, the arc adjustment member 34 extends through
a bore 36 in the deflector 22 and through bores 38, 40, and 42 in the
friction plate 32, brake pad 30, and brake disk 28, respectively. The
sprinkler 10 also preferably includes a seal member 44, such as an
o-ring, about the arc adjustment member 34 at the deflector bore 36 to
prevent the ingress of upwardly-directed fluid into the interior of the
deflector 22. The arc adjustment member 34 may have a flat top surface at
one end 46, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, that may be depressed by a user,
as described further below, for rotation of the member 34. The other end
48 is threaded for engagement with a hub member 50, as described further
below.

[0056] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the arc adjustment member 34 also
preferably includes a lock flange 52 for engagement with a lock seat 54
of the brake disk 28 when the arc adjustment member 34 is mounted. The
flange 52 is preferably hexagonal in shape for engagement with a
correspondingly hexagonally shaped lock seat 54, although other shapes
may be used. The engagement of the flange 52 within the lock seat 54
prevents rotation of the brake disk 28 during operation of the sprinkler
10.

[0057] A cap 12 is mounted to the top of the deflector 22. The cap 12
preferably includes a depressible top surface 56. The cap 12 prevents
grit and other debris from coming into contact with the components in the
interior of the deflector 22, such as the speed control brake components,
and thereby hindering the operation of the sprinkler 10.

[0058] The cap 12 preferably includes an interface 59 mounted to the
underside surface of the cap 12. The interface 59 preferably defines an
aperture 60 for insertion of the upper end 46 of the arc adjustment
member 34. The interface 59 preferably has a hexagonal shape and defines
a hexagonal recess therein for engagement with the hexagonal lock flange
52 of the arc adjustment member 34. A user depresses the top surface 56
that, in turn, depresses the interface 59 to cause it to engage the lock
flange 52. The user may then rotate the arc adjustment member 34 to the
desired arcuate span, as described further below. This type of cap 12
eliminates the need for a hand tool to operate the arc adjustment member
34 and the need for an additional seal.

[0059] The variable arc capability of sprinkler 10 results from the
interaction of two portions of the nozzle body 16 (nozzle cover 62 and
valve sleeve 64). More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5, 8, 10 and
11, the nozzle cover 62 and the valve sleeve 64 have corresponding
helical engagement surfaces that may be rotatably adjusted with respect
to one another to form an arcuate slot 20. The arcuate slot 20 may be
adjusted to any desired water distribution arc by the user through
rotation of the arc adjustment member 34. The arc adjustment member 34
has an external splined surface 68 for engagement with and rotation of
the valve sleeve 64, as described further below.

[0060] As shown in FIGS. 8-10, the nozzle cover 62 is generally
cylindrical in shape and includes a central hub 70 that defines a bore 72
for insertion of the valve sleeve 64. The nozzle cover 62 preferably
includes an outer cylindrical wall 74 having an external knurled surface
for easy and convenient gripping and rotating of the sprinkler 10 to
assist in mounting onto the threaded end of a riser. The nozzle cover 62
also preferably includes an annular top surface 76 with circumferential
equidistantly spaced bosses 78 extending upwardly from the top surface
76. The bosses 78 engage corresponding circumferential equidistantly
spaced apertures 80 in a rubber collar 82 mounted on top of the nozzle
cover 62. The rubber collar 82 includes an annular portion 84 that
defines a central bore 86, the apertures 80, and a raised cylindrical
wall 88 that extends upwardly but does not engage the deflector 22. The
rubber collar 82 is retained against the nozzle cover 62 by a rubber
collar retainer 90, which is preferably an annulus that engages the tops
of the bosses 78.

[0061] As shown in FIGS. 8, 10 and 11, the central hub 70 of the
stationary nozzle cover 62 has an internal helical surface 94 that
defines approximately one 360 degree helical revolution, or turn. The
ends of the helical turn are axially offset and joined by a fin 96, which
projects radially inwardly from the central hub 70. The central hub 70
extends upwardly from the internal helical surface 94 into a raised
cylindrical wall 98 with the fin 96 extending axially along the
cylindrical wall 98.

[0062] As shown in FIGS. 5-7, the valve sleeve 64 also has a generally
cylindrical shape. The valve sleeve 64 includes a central hub 100
defining a bore 102 therethrough for insertion of the arc adjustment
member 34. The inside of the hub 100 has a surface for engagement with
the arc adjustment member 34 to allow rotation of the member 34 to cause
rotation of the valve sleeve 64. The engagement surface is preferably a
splined surface 104 for engagement with a corresponding splined surface
68 on the arc adjustment member 34. Although splined engagement surfaces
are described herein, it should be evident that other conventional
engagement surfaces, such as threaded surfaces, may be used to effect
simultaneous rotation of the valve sleeve 64 with the arc adjustment
member 34. It should be evident that when engagement surfaces are
addressed throughout this application, a number of conventional surfaces
are available, such as splined, threaded, and other types of surfaces,
and the engagement surfaces are not limited to those specifically
described herein.

[0063] The valve sleeve 64 preferably includes an upper cylindrical
portion 106 and a lower cylindrical portion 108 having a smaller diameter
than the upper portion 106. The upper portion 106 preferably has ribs 110
that join the central hub 100 to an outer wall 112. The lower cylindrical
portion 108 preferably includes the splined surface 104 on the inside of
the central hub 100. A fin 114 projects radially outwardly and extends
axially along the outside of the valve sleeve, i.e., along the outer wall
112 of the upper portion 106 and along the central hub 100 of the lower
portion 108. The lower portion 108 extends upwardly into a gently curved,
radiused segment 116 to allow upwardly directed fluid to be redirected
slightly through the arcuate slot 20 with a relatively insignificant loss
in energy and velocity, as described further below.

[0064] The arcuate span of the sprinkler 10 is determined by the relative
positions of the internal helical surface 94 of the nozzle cover 62 and
the complementary external helical surface 118 of the valve sleeve 64,
which act together to form the arcuate slot 20. The interaction of the
nozzle cover 62 with the valve sleeve 64 forms the arcuate slot 20, as
shown in FIG. 2, where the arc is closed on the left of the C-C axis and
open on the right of the C-C axis. The size of the arcuate slot 20 is
determined by rotation of the arc adjustment member 34 (which in turn
rotates the valve sleeve 64) relative to the stationary nozzle cover 62.
The valve sleeve 64 may be rotated with respect to the nozzle cover 62
along the complementary helical surfaces through approximately one
helical turn to raise or lower the valve sleeve 64. The valve sleeve 64
may be rotated through approximately one 360 degree helical turn with
respect to the nozzle cover 62 with the fins 96 and 114 engaging to
prevent over-rotation of the valve sleeve 64. The valve sleeve 64 may be
rotated relative to the nozzle cover 62 to any arc desired by the user
and is not limited to discrete arcs, such as quarter-circle and
half-circle. As indicated above, although the arcuate slot 20 is
generally adjustable through an entire 360 degree range, water flowing
through the slot 20 may not be adequate to impart sufficient force for
desired rotation of the deflector 22, when the slot 20 is set at
relatively low angles, which may result in the sprinkler 10 being in an
inoperable condition at these low angles.

[0065] In an initial lowermost position, the valve sleeve 64 is at the
lowest point of the helical turn on the nozzle cover 62 and completely
obstructs the flow path through the arcuate slot 20. As the valve sleeve
64 is rotated in the clockwise direction, however, the complementary
external helical surface 118 of the valve sleeve 64 begins to traverse
the helical turn on the internal surface 94 of the nozzle cover 62. As it
begins to traverse the helical turn, a portion of the valve sleeve 64 is
spaced from the nozzle cover 62 and a gap, or arcuate slot 20, begins to
form between the sleeve 64 and the nozzle cover 62. This gap, or arcuate
slot 20, provides part of the flow path for water flowing through the
sprinkler 10. The angle of the arcuate slot 20 increases as the valve
sleeve 64 is further rotated clockwise and the sleeve 64 continues to
traverse the helical turn. The sleeve 64 may be rotated clockwise until
the rotating fin 114 on the sleeve 64 engages the fixed fin 96 on the
cover 62, preventing further rotation of the valve sleeve 64. At this
point, the valve sleeve 64 has traversed the entire helical turn and the
angle of the arcuate slot 20 is substantially 360 degrees. In this
position, water is distributed in a full circle arcuate span from the
sprinkler 10. The dimensions of the splined surfaces 68 and 104 of the
arc adjustment member 34 and valve sleeve 64 are preferably selected to
provide over-rotation protection such that further rotation of the arc
adjustment member 34 causes "slippage" of the splined surfaces 68 and 104
allowing the member 34 to continue to rotate without corresponding
rotation of the valve sleeve 64. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 7,
the lower portion 108 of the valve sleeve 64 is essentially in the form
of a split ring, which allows the lower portion 108 to flex outwardly
upon continued rotation of the member 34.

[0066] When the valve sleeve 64 is rotated counterclockwise, the angle of
the arcuate slot 20 is decreased. The complementary external helical
surface 118 of the valve sleeve 64 traverses the helical turn in the
opposite direction until it reaches the bottom of the helical turn. When
the surface 118 of the valve sleeve 64 has traversed the helical turn
completely, the arcuate slot 20 is closed and the flow path through the
sprinkler 10 is completely or almost completely obstructed. Again, the
fins 96 and 114 prevent further rotation of the valve sleeve 64, and
continued rotation of the arc adjustment member 34 results in slippage of
the splined surfaces 68 and 104.

[0067] When the valve sleeve 64 has been rotated to form the open arcuate
slot 20, water passes through the arcuate slot 20 and impacts the raised
cylindrical wall 98. The wall 98 redirects the water exiting the arcuate
slot 20 in a generally vertical direction. Water exits the slot 20 and
impinges upon the deflector 22 causing rotation and distribution of water
through an arcuate span determined by the angle of the arcuate slot 20.
The valve sleeve 64 may be adjusted to increase or decrease the angle and
thereby change the arc of the water distributed by the sprinkler 10, as
desired. Where the valve sleeve 64 is set to a low angle, however, the
sprinkler may be in an inoperable condition in which water passing
through the slot 20 is not sufficient to cause desired rotation of the
deflector 22.

[0068] In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4, the valve sleeve 64 and
nozzle cover 62 preferably engage each other to permit water flow with
relatively undiminished velocity as water exits the arcuate slot 20. More
specifically, the valve sleeve 64 includes a gently curved, radiused
segment 116 that is preferably oriented to curve gradually radially
outward to reduce the loss of velocity as water impacts the segment 116
and passes through the arcuate slot 20. As water passes through the
arcuate slot 20, it impacts the segment 116 obliquely and then the
cylindrical wall 98 obliquely, rather than at right angles, thereby
reducing the loss of energy to maximize water velocity. The cylindrical
wall 98 then redirects the water generally vertically to the underside of
the deflector 22, where it is, in turn, redirected to surrounding
terrain.

[0069] As shown in FIGS. 5-10, the sprinkler 10 employs fins 96 and 114 to
enhance and create uniform water distribution at the edges of the angular
slot 20. As described above, one fin 96 projects inwardly from the nozzle
cover 62 and the other fin 114 projects outwardly from the valve sleeve
64. The valve sleeve fin 114 rotates with the valve sleeve 64 while the
nozzle cover fin 62 remains stationary. Each fin 96 and 114 extends both
radially and axially a sufficient length to increase the axial flow
component and reduce the tangential flow component, producing a
well-defined edge to the water passing through the angular slot 20. The
fins 96 and 114 are sized to allow for rotatable adjustment of the valve
sleeve 64 within the bore 72 of the nozzle cover 62 while maintaining a
seal.

[0070] The fins 96 and 114 define a relatively long axial boundary to
channel the flow of water exiting the arcuate slot 20. This long axial
boundary reduces the tangential components of flow along the boundary
formed by the fins 96 and 114. Also, as shown in FIGS. 5-10, the fins 96
and 114 extend radially to reduce the tangential flow component. The
valve sleeve fin 114 extends radially outwardly so that it preferably
engages the inner surface of the nozzle cover hub 70. The nozzle cover
fin 96 extends radially inwardly so that it preferably engages the outer
surface of the valve sleeve 64. By extending the fins radially, water
cannot leak into the gaps that would otherwise exist between the valve
sleeve 64 and nozzle cover 62. Water leaking into such gaps would
otherwise provide a tangential flow component that would interfere with
water flowing in an axial direction to the deflector 22. The fins 96 and
114 therefore reduce this tangential component.

[0071] The sprinkler 10 is preferably assembled to provide an interference
fit for the fins 96 and 114 to maintain a seal. More specifically, the
sprinkler 10 is assembled so that there is an interference fit between
the valve sleeve fin 114 and the inner surface of the nozzle cover hub
70. Also, the sprinkler 10 is assembled so that there is an interference
fit between the nozzle cover fin 96 and the outer surface of the valve
sleeve 64.

[0072] These interference fits are preferably accomplished through the use
of a channel 120 adjacent to the valve sleeve fin (FIGS. 6 and 7) and
through the use of a channel 122 adjacent to the nozzle cover fin 96
(FIG. 9). The valve sleeve channel 120 extends axially along the outer
wall 112 adjacent a portion of the valve sleeve fin 114, and the nozzle
cover channel 122 extends axially along the cylindrical wall 98 adjacent
the nozzle cover fin 96. During assembly, the valve sleeve channel 120
provides sufficient clearance for the inwardly projecting nozzle cover
fin 96. Similarly, during assembly, the nozzle cover channel 122 provides
sufficient clearance for the outwardly projecting valve sleeve fin 114.
Upon rotation, the channels 120 and 122 allow the valve sleeve 64 and
nozzle cover 62 to gradually deform the respective fins 96 and 114 into
their sealing positions.

[0073] The channels 120 and 122 provide other advantages in addition to
their use during assembly. More specifically, channels 120 and 122 also
help provide well-defined edges for the water stream passing through the
arcuate slot 20. The channels 120 and 122 enhance and define the
respective edges of the water stream by columnating the water flow and by
allowing an additional volume of flow along each of the edges. These fins
and channels are described in more detail in Published Application No.
2008/0169363, which application is assigned to the assignee of the
present application and which is incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety.

[0074] The rotating stream sprinkler 10 also preferably includes a flow
rate adjustment feature. As shown in FIG. 2, the flow rate adjustment
feature is preferably used in conjunction with the rotating stream
sprinkler 10. The flow rate adjustment feature, however, may also be used
with other types of sprinklers, including non-rotating stream and
non-variable arc sprinklers. The flow rate adjustment feature may be used
generally with any sprinkler by incorporating in the sprinkler a
rotatable outer wall portion, i.e., a rotatable nozzle collar, that has
an engagement surface to couple the collar to a corresponding engagement
surface of a valve, with rotation of the collar controlling the opening
and closing of the valve.

[0075] The flow rate adjustment feature can be used to selectively set the
water flow rate through the sprinkler 10, for purposes of regulating the
range of throw of the projected water streams. It is adapted for variable
setting through use of a rotatable segment 124 located on an outer wall
portion of the sprinkler 10. It functions as a valve that can be opened
or closed to allow the flow of water through the sprinkler 10. Also, a
filter 126 is preferably located upstream of the flow rate adjustment
feature, so that it obstructs passage of sizable particulate and other
debris that could otherwise damage the sprinkler components or compromise
desired efficacy of the sprinkler 10.

[0076] As shown in FIGS. 12-20, the flow rate adjustment feature
preferably includes a nozzle collar 128, a throttle control member 130,
and a hub member 50. The nozzle collar 128 is rotatable about the central
axis C-C of the sprinkler 10. It has an internal engagement surface 132
and engages the throttle control member 130 so that rotation of the
nozzle collar 128 results in rotation of the throttle control member 130.
The throttle control member 130 also engages the hub member 50 such that
rotation of the throttle control member 130 causes it to move in an axial
direction, as described further below. In this manner, rotation of the
nozzle collar 128 can be used to move the throttle control member 130
axially closer to and further away from an inlet 134. When the throttle
control member 130 is moved closer to the inlet 134, the flow rate is
reduced. The axial movement of the throttle control member 130 towards
the inlet 134 increasingly pinches the flow through the inlet 134. When
the throttle control member 130 is moved further away from the inlet 134,
the flow rate is increased. This axial movement allows the user to adjust
the effective throw radius of the sprinkler 10 without disruption of the
streams dispersed by the deflector 22.

[0077] As shown in FIGS. 18-20, the nozzle collar 128 preferably includes
a first cylindrical portion 136 and a second cylindrical portion 138
having a smaller diameter than the first portion 136. The first portion
136 has an engagement surface 132, preferably a splined surface, on the
interior of the cylinder. The nozzle collar 128 preferably also includes
an outer wall 140 having an external grooved surface 142 for gripping and
rotation by a user that is joined by an annular portion 144 to the first
cylindrical portion 136. In turn, the first cylindrical portion 136 is
joined to the second cylindrical portion 138, which is essentially the
inlet 134 for fluid flow into the nozzle body 16. Water flowing through
the inlet 134 passes through the interior of the first cylindrical
portion 136 and through the remainder of the nozzle body 16 to the
deflector 22. Rotation of the outer wall 140 causes rotation of the
entire nozzle collar 128.

[0078] The nozzle collar 128 is coupled to a throttle control member 130.
As shown in FIGS. 15-17, the throttle control member 130 is preferably an
outer ring 146 joined by spoke-like ribs 148 to a central hub 150
defining a central bore 152. The ring 146 has an external surface 154,
preferably a splined surface, for engagement to the corresponding
internal splined surface 132 of the nozzle collar 128. The splined
surfaces 132 and 154 interlock such that rotation of the nozzle collar
128 causes rotation of the throttle control member 130 about central axis
C-C. The ribs 148 define flow passages 156 to allow fluid flow through
the throttle control member 130. Although splined surfaces are shown in
the preferred embodiment, it should be evident that other engagement
surfaces, such as threaded surfaces, could be used to cause the
simultaneous rotation of the nozzle collar 128 and throttle control
member 130.

[0079] In turn, the throttle control member 130 is coupled to the hub
member 50. More specifically, the throttle control member 130 is
internally threaded for engagement with an externally threaded post 158
of the hub member 50. Rotation of the throttle control member 130 causes
it to move along the threading in an axial direction. In one preferred
form, rotation of the throttle control member 130 in a counterclockwise
direction advances the member 130 towards the inlet 134 and away from the
deflector 22. Conversely, rotation of the throttle control member 130 in
a clockwise direction causes the member 130 to move away from the inlet
134 and towards the deflector 22. Although threaded surfaces are shown in
the preferred embodiment, it is contemplated that other engagement
surfaces could be used to effect axial movement, such as splined
engagement surfaces.

[0080] As shown in FIGS. 12-14, the hub member 50 preferably includes an
outer cylindrical wall 160 joined by spoke-like ribs 162 to a central hub
164. The central hub 164 preferably defines a bore 166 at an upper end to
accommodate insertion of the arc adjustment member 34 therein. The
central hub 164 also preferably includes internal threading for
engagement with external threading of the arc adjustment member 34. The
pitch of the threading is preferably equivalent to the pitch of the
helical engagement surfaces that define the angular slot 20. The lower
end of the central hub 164 preferably defines a threaded post 158 for
insertion in the bore 152 of the throttle control member 130, as
discussed above. The ribs 162 define flow passages 168 to allow fluid
flow through the hub member 50 to the remainder of the sprinkler 10.

[0081] In operation, a user may rotate the outer wall 140 of the nozzle
collar 128 in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. As shown in FIG.
10, the nozzle cover 62 preferably includes two cut-out portions 63 to
define one or more access windows to allow rotation of the nozzle collar
outer wall 140. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the nozzle collar 128,
throttle control member 130, and hub member 50 are oriented and spaced to
allow the throttle control member 130 and hub member 50 to essentially
block fluid flow through the inlet 134 or to allow a desired amount of
fluid flow through the inlet 134. As can be seen in FIGS. 15-17, the
throttle control member 130 preferably has a flat top surface 131 for
engagement with the hub member 50 when fully retracted and a rounded
bottom surface 170 for engagement with the inlet 134 when fully extended.

[0082] Rotation in a counterclockwise direction results in axial movement
of the throttle control member 130 toward the inlet 134. Continued
rotation results in the throttle control member 130 advancing to a valve
seat 172 formed at the inlet 134 with the central hub 150 and the post
158 blocking fluid flow. The dimensions of the splined surfaces 132 and
154 of the nozzle collar 128 and throttle control member 130 are
preferably selected to provide over-rotation protection. More
specifically, the outer ring 146 of the throttle control member 130 is
sufficiently thin, or a split ring may be used, such that the ring 146
flexes inwardly upon over-rotation. Once the inlet 134 is blocked,
further rotation of the nozzle collar 128 causes slippage of the splined
surfaces 132 and 154, allowing the collar 128 to continue to rotate
without corresponding rotation of the throttle control member 130.

[0083] Rotation in a clockwise direction causes the throttle control
member 130 to move axially away from the inlet 134. Continued rotation
allows an increasing amount of fluid flow through the inlet 134, and the
nozzle collar 128 may be rotated to the desired amount of fluid flow.
When the valve is open, fluid flows through the sprinkler along the
following flow path: through the inlet 134, through the flow passages 156
of the throttle control member 130, through the flow passages 168 of the
hub member 50, through the arcuate slot 20 (if set to an angle greater
than 0 degrees), upwardly along the cylindrical wall 98 of the nozzle
cover 62, to the underside surface of the deflector 22, and radially
outwardly from the deflector 22. As noted above, water flowing through
the slot 20 may not be adequate to impart sufficient force for desired
rotation of the deflector 22, when the slot 20 is set at relatively low
angles.

[0084] The rotating stream sprinkler 10 illustrated in FIGS. 2-4 also
includes a nozzle base 174 of generally cylindrical shape with internal
threading 176 for quick and easy thread-on mounting onto a threaded upper
end of a riser with complementary threading (not shown). The nozzle base
174 preferably includes an upper cylindrical portion 178, a lower
cylindrical portion 180 having a larger diameter than the upper portion
178, and a top annular surface 182. As can be seen in FIGS. 2-4, the top
annular surface 182 and upper cylindrical portion 178 provide support for
corresponding features of the nozzle cover 62. The nozzle base 174 and
nozzle cover 62 are attached to one another by welding, snap-fit, or
other fastening method such that the nozzle cover 62 is stationary when
the base 174 is threadedly mounted to a riser. The sprinkler 10 also
preferably includes a seal member 184, such as an o-ring, at the top of
the internal threading 176 of the nozzle base 174 and about the outer
cylindrical wall 140 of the nozzle collar 128 to reduce leaking when the
sprinkler 10 is threadedly mounted on the riser.

[0085] A second preferred embodiment 200 is shown in FIGS. 21-23. The
second preferred embodiment of the rotating stream sprinkler 200 is
similar to the one described above but includes two different features.
First, the sprinkler 200 is operable through the use of a hand tool,
rather than the hexagonal interface of the first embodiment. Second, the
sprinkler 200 includes springs 202, 204, and 206 that provide a pre-load
force to urge the valve sleeve 264 against the nozzle cover 262 to ensure
a tight seal. It should be understood that the structure of the second
embodiment of the sprinkler 200 is generally the same as that described
above for the first embodiment, except to the extent described as
follows.

[0086] First, as can be seen in FIG. 21, the cap 212 includes slots 208 in
its top surface 256. The slots 208 allow access of the hand tool,
preferably a screwdriver, into a chamber 210 beneath the cap 212 for
engagement with a slotted top surface 214 of the arc adjustment member
234. A user may use the hand tool to rotate the arc adjustment member 234
to the desired arcuate span. The sprinkler 200 may include an additional
seal about the top end of the arc adjustment member to limit the entry of
grit and other debris past the top end. Rotation of the arc adjustment
member 234 causes rotation of the valve sleeve 264 and controls the
desired arcuate span in the same manner as described above for the first
embodiment. An example of such a cap used in conjunction with a rotatable
member having a slotted top surface is shown and described in U.S. Pat.
No. 6,814,304. Other conventional methods may also be used to rotate the
arc adjustment member 234.

[0087] Second, as can be seen in FIGS. 22 and 23, the sprinkler 200
includes one or more biasing elements, i.e., springs 202, 204, and 206,
to bias the valve sleeve 264 against the nozzle cover 262 to maintain a
tight seal for the closed portion of the arcuate slot 266. In the second
preferred embodiment, three Belleville spring washers have been stacked
vertically atop one another for use as springs 202, 204, 206. The springs
202, 204, and 206 shown in FIG. 23 each define a truncated conical
portion with the top and bottom springs 202 and 206 oriented in an
upright position and with the intermediate spring 204 oriented in an
inverted position. Further, the springs 202, 204, and 206 shown in FIG.
23 define orifices 203, 205, and 207 having centers located along the
central axis and that accommodate the insertion of the arc adjustment
member 234 therethrough.

[0088] The top spring 202 engages a shoulder 235 of the arc adjustment
member 234 while the bottom spring 206 engages the valve sleeve 264. More
specifically, as can be seen in FIG. 23, the valve sleeve 264 has been
modified so that it includes an outer cylindrical wall 213 and an inner
annular portion 215 with the outer wall 213 having a greater height than
the inner portion 215. This modified structure allows for the insertion
of the Belleville washers in the space defined within the outer wall 213
such that the bottom spring 206 engages the inner portion 215. The
springs 202, 204, and 206 bias the valve sleeve 264 downwardly against
the nozzle cover 262. The amount of downward force, or pre-load force,
may be easily tailored through the selection of springs 202, 204, and 206
having an appropriate spring constant. If the pre-load force is too
small, the seal between the valve sleeve 264 and the nozzle cover 262
will not be tight enough, allowing leakage. If the pre-load force is too
great, the user may experience difficulty rotating the valve sleeve 264
because of the high frictional engagement between the valve sleeve 264
and nozzle cover 262.

[0089] Other numbers and types of springs, washers, and combinations
thereof may be used. The springs 202, 204, and 206 may be one integral
component, i.e., form one integral body, or may be two or more discrete
components operatively coupled together. Other forms of biasing, such as
for example, a flexible rubber or plastic cylinder supported with a metal
disk placed at the shoulder of the shaft, may also be used. For purposes
of this description, the term "spring" is used to refer to all such
conventional forms of biasing.

[0090] A third preferred embodiment 300 is shown in FIGS. 24-26. The third
preferred embodiment of the rotating stream sprinkler 300 is similar to
the first embodiment described above but includes a full grip collar, as
described below. It should be understood that the structure of the third
embodiment of the sprinkler 300 is generally otherwise the same as that
described above for the first embodiment, except to the extent described
below.

[0091] In the first embodiment, as seen in FIG. 10, the nozzle cover 62
included two cut-out portions 166 to define two access windows. The
access windows exposed the outer wall 140 of the nozzle collar 128 to
allow a user to rotate the nozzle collar 128. Rotation of the nozzle
collar 128 caused axial movement of the throttle control member 130 to
regulate fluid flow through the sprinkler.

[0092] In the third embodiment, as seen in FIGS. 24-26, the structures of
the nozzle cover 362 and nozzle collar 328 have been modified. Each has
an outer wall: the nozzle cover 362 has an upper outer wall 375 and the
nozzle collar 328 has a lower outer wall 340. The lower outer wall 340
can be rotated by the user to effect rotation of the nozzle collar 328.
The nozzle collar 328 therefore has its own full, circumferential outer
wall 340 having a grip surface, and cut-out portions and access windows
in the nozzle cover 362 are no longer necessary.

[0093] As shown in FIG. 26, the structure of the nozzle collar 328 is
further modified so that it preferably includes two arcuate slots 329 and
331 in its top surface 333. The nozzle base 374 and nozzle cover 362 are
held stationary with respect to one another by welding, screws, rivets,
or other fastening methods through the two arcuate slots in the nozzle
collar top surface 333. As can be seen from FIG. 26, the nozzle cover 362
is in rigid engagement with the nozzle base 374 through the use of two
pins 363 and 365 that extend through the slots 329 and 331.

[0094] By using these two slots 329 and 331, the full range of axial
movement of the throttle control member 330 is accomplished by less than
180 degree rotation of the nozzle collar outer wall 340. In other words,
the full throw radius adjustment of the sprinkler 300 is accomplished by
less than a 1/2 turn of the nozzle collar gripping surface. The thread
pitch of the post 358 is increased to allow the throttle control member
330 to move axially the complete distance toward and away from the inlet
334 within a 1/2 turn. This modified structure and full grip feature
limits debris that might otherwise become lodged in access windows and
provides a convenient circumferential gripping surface for the user.

[0095] A fourth preferred embodiment 400 is shown in FIG. 27. The fourth
preferred embodiment of the rotating stream sprinkler 400 is similar to
the second embodiment described above and includes a slotted arc
adjustment member for engagement with a hand tool and springs that
provide a pre-load force to bias the valve sleeve against the nozzle
cover. The fourth preferred embodiment also includes an alternative flow
rate adjustment mechanism, as described in detail below. It should be
understood that the structure of the fourth embodiment of the sprinkler
400 is generally otherwise the same as that described above for the first
and second embodiments, except to the extent described below.

[0096] With regard to the alternative flow rate adjustment mechanism, a
restrictor/shutter mechanism is used to control fluid flow through the
inlet 434. The mechanism preferably includes one or more restrictor
elements 401, 403, and 405 that can be opened to increase fluid flow
through the inlet 434 and that can be closed to decrease fluid flow
through the inlet 434. This mechanism replaces the throttle control
member 130 shown and described with respect to the first embodiment.

[0097] The flow rate adjustment mechanism preferably includes three
restrictor elements 401, 403, and 405 for adjustably selecting and
regulating the inflow of water through the nozzle body 416. Two of the
restrictor elements 401 and 403 each have a central hub defining a bore
407 and 409 to allow insertion of the post 458 therethrough. These two
restrictor elements 401 and 403 are axially retained about the post 458
and are rotatable around the central axis C-C relative to one another for
selectively varying the collective flow rate through the sprinkler 400.
The third restrictor element 405 is formed as part of the hub member 450.
The restrictor elements 401, 403, and 405 are stacked on top of one
another and are shiftable with respect to one another so that shutters
411, 413, and 415 can be adjusted to increase or decrease the size of a
collective flow opening through the device.

[0098] As can be seen from FIGS. 27-29, the first restrictor element 401
is positioned near the inlet 434 and has one or more splined portions 419
spaced about an outer cylindrical wall 421. More specifically, it
preferably includes four splined portions 419 spaced equidistantly about
the outer wall 421. The splined portions 419 engage a corresponding
splined surface on the interior of the nozzle collar 428, such that the
first restrictor element 401 is rotatable with the nozzle collar 428. The
first restrictor element 401 defines an arcuate flow aperture 423 that
may be shifted with respect to the flow apertures defined by the other
two restrictor elements 403 and 405, as described below. The arcuate flow
aperture 423 through the first restrictor element 401 extends about the
central hub 425. In the preferred form, the arcuate flow aperture 423
extends for approximately 240 degrees, or two-thirds, about the central
hub 425, while the remaining 120 degrees, or one-third, is obstructed by
a shutter 411. The flow aperture 423 is defined by the central hub 425,
the outer wall 421, and the shutter 411. Further, the flow aperture 423
is preferably divided into roughly two halves by a rib 429. The first
restrictor element 401 also includes a stop 431 for engagement with the
second restrictor element 403.

[0099] As shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, the second restrictor element 403 is
roughly the shape of a truncated cone, is positioned in substantial
mating relationship with the first restrictor element 401, and has a bore
409 through which the post 458 extends. The second restrictor element 403
is preferably stacked on the first element 401. The second restrictor
element 403 includes an outer ring 433 and a shutter 413 that combine
with the central hub 437 to define an arcuate flow aperture 439. The flow
aperture 439 extends about 240 degrees, or two-thirds, of the way around
the central hub 437 with the remaining section obstructed by the shutter
413. The flow aperture 439 is preferably divided roughly into two halves
by a rib 443. The upper surface of the second restrictor element 403 is
defined by a truncated conical seat for engagement with a complementary
seat portion of the third restrictor element 405.

[0100] As shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, the third restrictor element 405 is
formed as part of the hub member 450. Thus, unlike the other two
restrictor elements, it is stationary. The hub member 450 is preferably
stacked atop the second restrictor element 403 and is positioned in
substantial mating relationship with the second element 403. The third
restrictor element 405 defines a shutter 415 that extends
circumferentially approximately 120 degrees about the post 458. As seen
in FIG. 29, the flow aperture 447 through the third restrictor element
405 is defined by the post 458, the outer wall 460, and the shutter 415.
The flow aperture 447 extends approximately 240 degrees, or two thirds,
of the way about the post 458.

[0101] As can be seen from FIGS. 27-29, the three restrictor elements 401,
403, and 405 cooperate and are shiftable to form a collective and
variable flow opening that is adjustable between maximum closed and open
positions. The collective flow opening is adjustable between a maximum
open position of about 240 degrees (about two-thirds) and a maximum
closed position of approximately 0 degrees (nearly completely
obstructed). The orientation of the three restrictor elements 401, 403,
and 405 with respect to each other, i.e., the closed or open positions of
the flow rate adjustment device, is controlled by rotation of the nozzle
collar 428.

[0102] More specifically, rotation of the nozzle collar 428 results in
rotation of the first restrictor element 401 about the central axis C-C.
During rotation, the rib 429 of the first restrictor element 401
cooperates with a downwardly projecting tab 449 of the second restrictor
element 403. The tab 449 is engaged when the first restrictor element 401
is rotated in one direction, i.e., clockwise. As should be evident, the
restrictor elements 401, 403, and 405 may be designed to cooperate with
one another in a number of ways other than through the specific use of
tabs and stops, such as through the use of cooperating grooves, slots,
catches, etc.

[0103] Initially, the three shutters 411, 413, and 415 overlap vertically
such that approximately 240 degrees of the collective flow opening is
open. When the nozzle collar 428 is rotated clockwise, however, the first
restrictor element 401 rotates and the shutters 411, 413, and 415
increasingly block more and more of the collective flow opening. Rotation
of about 120 degrees causes the rib 429 of the first restrictor element
401 to engage the tab 449 of the second restrictor element 403, causing
the second restrictor element 403 to rotate. Continued rotation of about
another 120 degrees will result in the collective flow opening being
completely blocked, or almost completely blocked, by the non-overlapping
shutters 411, 413, and 415.

[0104] The nozzle collar 428 may then be rotated in a counterclockwise
direction, causing the first restrictor element 401 to rotate in the
opposite direction. As the rotation continues, the shutters 411, 413, and
415 will overlap one another more and more. After about 120 degrees of
rotation, the stop 431 of the first restrictor element 401 engages the
tab 449 of the second restrictor element 405, causing it to rotate. After
another 120 degrees of rotation, the shutters 411, 413, and 415 are again
spaced vertically atop one another, i.e., stacked, such that
approximately 240 degrees of the collective flow opening is again open.

[0105] As should be evident, a number of alternative arrangements are
possible. For example, the second restrictor element 403 may have splined
portions, instead of the first restrictor element 401. In such an
arrangement, the nozzle collar 428 may be rotated to drive the second
restrictor element 403, which in turn causes rotation of the first
restrictor element 401 through the use of appropriate tabs, stops, or
ribs. Alternatively, as another example, tabs and stops may be disposed
on the second and third restrictor elements 403 and 405 to prevent
rotation of the restrictor elements 401 and 403 beyond the fully open and
fully closed positions. Further, in such example, the dimensions of the
engaging splined surfaces of the nozzle collar 428 and first restrictor
element 401, respectively, could be selected such that over-rotation of
the nozzle collar 428 causes "slippage" of the splined surfaces, in the
manner described above for the other embodiments, thereby reducing the
likelihood of damage to the components.

[0106] The variability of the throw radius may be increased by adding
additional restrictor elements. For example, four cooperating restrictor
elements may be used, each having an arcuate flow aperture defined by a
central hub, a shutter, and an outer wall. The flow aperture extends
approximately 270 degrees, or three-fourths, of the way about the central
hub. The restrictor elements preferably cooperate with one another
through the use of appropriately positioned tabs and stops, in similar
fashion to that described above. Rotation of the nozzle collar allows
adjustment of the cooperating four restrictor elements between a maximum
open position (about one-fourth of the opening of the device is
obstructed) and a maximum closed position (nearly completely obstructed).

[0107] As is evident, five and more elements may be used, and the use of
such additional elements will result in additional variability in the
throw radius of the sprinkler. In general, for a given number of
restrictor elements, n, each element has a shutter that extends
approximately 1/n of the way about the hub to obstruct the aperture of
the flow rate adjustment device. The flow aperture of the device may be
adjusted between a fully open position, where the shutters overlay one
another completely, and a closed position, where the shutters are
staggered with respect to one another. The maximum flow opening of the
device is given by the following mathematical expression: 360-360/n
degrees. Restrictor elements may be added, as desired, depending on the
costs and benefits resulting from the use of such additional elements.

[0108] A fifth preferred embodiment 500 is shown in FIGS. 30-31. The fifth
preferred embodiment of the rotating stream sprinkler 500 is similar to
the second embodiment described above and includes a slotted arc
adjustment member for engagement with a hand tool and springs that
provide a pre-load force to bias the valve sleeve against the nozzle
cover. The fifth preferred embodiment also includes an alternative
interface 501 for adjusting the throw radius, as described in detail
below. It should be understood that the structure of the fifth embodiment
of the sprinkler 500 is generally otherwise the same as that described
above for the first and second embodiments, except to the extent
described below.

[0109] As can be seen from FIGS. 31-32, the interface 501 essentially
includes two engaging gear portions 503 and 505 that are driven by the
user to rotate the nozzle collar 528. More specifically, the first gear
portion 503, preferably a pinion gear, is held between the nozzle base
574 and the nozzle cover 562, whose structures have been modified to
accommodate the pinion gear 503. Both have cut-out portions 515 and 517
that fit together to form a pocket 513 shaped to hold the pinion gear 513
therein. The teeth 509 of the pinion gear 503 are disposed inside the
outer wall 575 of the nozzle cover 562 for engagement with teeth of the
second gear portion 505.

[0110] The pinion gear 503 has a slot 507 to allow the use of a hand tool
to rotate the pinion gear 503. The teeth 509 of the pinion gear 503
engage the teeth 511 of the second gear portion 505, preferably in the
form of a crown gear, which forms part of the nozzle collar 528. In this
manner, rotation of the pinion gear 503 effects rotation of the nozzle
collar 528.

[0111] The user can rotate the pinion gear 503 a desired amount to set the
desired radius of throw of the sprinkler 500. Rotation of the pinion gear
503 causes the throttle control member 530 to move axially toward or away
from the inlet 534 to regulate fluid flow. In one form, rotation of the
pinion gear 503 induces rotation of the nozzle collar 528 at an
approximate 4:1 gear ratio. The location of the pinion gear 503 in an
enclosed pocket 513 formed by the nozzle cover 562 and the nozzle base
574 limits the amount of grit and debris intrusion into the sprinkler
500. Additionally, this embodiment provides more gripping surface area
than some of the other embodiments for convenient installation or removal
of the sprinkler 500.

[0112] A sixth preferred embodiment 600 is shown in FIGS. 33-36. The sixth
preferred embodiment of the rotating stream sprinkler 600 is similar to
the second embodiment described above and includes a slotted arc
adjustment member 634 for engagement with a hand tool and two cut-out
portions 663 to define one or more access windows in the nozzle cover 662
to allow adjustment of the throw radius. The sixth preferred embodiment
further includes inverted application of a pre-load force, as described
in detail below. It should be understood that the structure of the sixth
embodiment of the sprinkler 600 is generally otherwise the same as that
described above for the first and second embodiments, except to the
extent described below.

[0113] As shown in FIGS. 33-36, the sprinkler 600 includes an arc
adjustment member 634 that is similar in shape to arc adjustment member
34. More specifically, arc adjustment member 634 is generally in the
shape of a shaft having one end 646 that is slotted to engage a hand
tool. The member 634 has a splined surface 668 intermediate along its
length for engagement with a corresponding splined surface of the valve
sleeve 664 to effect rotation of the valve sleeve 664. The member 634,
however, preferably does not include a threaded lower end like the
threaded lower end of member 34 of the first embodiment. The member 634
preferably includes an undercut groove 601 at its lower end 648 for
engagement of a retaining ring 603. The retaining ring 603 locks onto the
end 648 of the member 634 in the groove 601 to prevent axial displacement
of the components carried by the member 634.

[0114] As with the other preferred embodiments, the variable arc
capability of sprinkler 600 results from the interaction of the nozzle
cover 662 and valve sleeve 664. More specifically, the nozzle cover 662
and the valve sleeve 664 have corresponding helical engagement surfaces
that may be rotatably adjusted with respect to one another to form an
arcuate slot 620. The arcuate slot 620 may be adjusted to any desired
water distribution arc by the user through rotation of the arc adjustment
member 634. The nozzle cover 662 and valve sleeve 664 also each have fins
692 and 614 to define the edges of the water stream exiting the arcuate
slot 620.

[0115] As addressed further below, however, the nozzle cover 662 and valve
sleeve 664 engage in a different manner than in the other preferred
embodiments. In the other embodiments, the valve sleeve had a radially
outwardly projecting portion that was spaced vertically above a radially
inwardly projecting portion of the nozzle cover. In the sprinkler 600,
however, the vertical positions of these structures are reversed. In
other words, the valve sleeve 664 has an outwardly projecting portion 605
that is spaced vertically below a radially inwardly projecting portion
607 of the nozzle cover 662.

[0116] As can be seen in FIGS. 33-36, the nozzle cover 662 has a modified
structure that is different than the cover of the other preferred
embodiments. Like the other embodiments, the nozzle cover 662 is
generally cylindrical in shape and includes a central hub 670 that
defines a bore 672 for insertion of the valve sleeve 664. Unlike the
other embodiments, however, the hub 670 has an upper portion 609 that
extends radially inward and a relatively thin and lengthy lower portion
611 that does not extend radially inward. It can be seen from a
comparison of FIG. 2 and FIG. 34 that the lower portion 611 of the hub
670 is longer than the corresponding lower portion of the other
embodiments.

[0117] As shown in FIGS. 33-36, the valve sleeve 664 has a generally
cylindrical shape and includes a central hub 613 defining a bore 602
therethrough for insertion of the arc adjustment member 634. The valve
sleeve 664, however, has a modified structure relative to the other
preferred sprinkler embodiments. The valve sleeve 664 preferably includes
an outer cylindrical portion 615 and an inner cylindrical portion 617
defining the hub 613 and splined engagement surface. A fin 614 projects
radially outwardly and extends axially along the outside of the valve
sleeve 664 to define an edge of the water stream through the arcuate slot
620.

[0118] The valve sleeve 664 also includes a relatively thick upper annular
portion 665, in comparison to previous embodiments such as valve sleeve
264 in FIG. 22. The relative thickness of this upper portion 665 provides
an advantage in that its annular shape experiences less distortion from
forces acting against it, such as spring forces, assembly loads, and
forces arising from rotation of the fins 614 and 692, than would a
thinner upper portion. The thick upper portion 665 therefore holds its
shape and position well, which helps maintain a consistent shape for the
arcuate slot 620. The relative thicknesses of the upper portions of the
nozzle cover 662 and valve sleeve 664 are selected to define the annular
geometry of the arcuate slot 620 and to provide a consistent spray
pattern.

[0119] The arcuate slot 620 is defined by the upper portion 609 of the
nozzle cover 662 and the outer cylindrical portion 615 of the valve
sleeve 664. These respective portions include helical engagement surfaces
to allow the slot 620 to be adjusted to the desired angle for water
distribution. For example, in FIG. 34, the slot 620 is shown closed on
the left hand side and open on the right hand side. These respective
portions are also gently curved to provide relatively little loss of
velocity for water flowing through the arcuate slot 620.

[0120] An advantage of this modified nozzle cover and valve sleeve
structure is that a pre-load force is applied in the upward direction of
water flow. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 33, the inner cylindrical
portion 617 of the valve sleeve 664 is preferably seated on a rubber
spring 619, first washer 621, hub member 650, second washer 623, and
retaining ring 603, respectively, all of which are carried by the arc
adjustment member 634. The rubber spring 619 provides the pre-load force
to seal the closed portion of the arcuate slot 620, or valve, when
compressed in the component assembly and absorbs the axial movement of
the valve sleeve 664 during arc adjustment. The washers 621 and 623
provide structural support for the member 634 to prevent axial
displacement of the assembly and to protect the hub member 650 from
damage during rotation of the arc adjustment member 634. This arrangement
allows for the upward application of a predetermined amount of pre-load
force against the inner cylindrical portion 617 of the valve sleeve 664.
In other words, the valve sleeve 664 is urged upwardly into direct spring
loaded and water pressurized contact with the nozzle cover 662.

[0121] This upward application of pre-load force provides an improved seal
for the closed portion of the arcuate slot 620. In this sixth preferred
embodiment, the seal for the arcuate slot 620 is on the bottom side of
the nozzle cover 662, which allows water pressure to provide for a better
seal. In other words, the upward water pressure and upward pre-load force
cooperate to maintain a tight seal for the closed portion of the arcuate
slot 620.

[0122] As shown in FIGS. 33-36, the sprinkler 600 preferably includes a
hub member 650 that is modified in structure relative to the other
preferred embodiments. The hub member 650 preferably includes a number of
outwardly extending ribs 625, such as the five ribs shown in FIG. 35,
that engage a corresponding number of grooves 627 formed in the hub 670
of the nozzle cover 662 and that fix the hub member 650 against rotation
and axial displacement. The ribs 625 are preferably fixed in the grooves
627 by welding, although other attachment methods may also be used.

[0123] When assembled with the nozzle cover 662, the ribs 625 define flow
passages for the flow of water through the hub member 650. The hub member
650 is carried by the arc adjustment member 634. One advantage of this
preferred embodiment is that the hub member 650 does not require internal
threading for engagement with external threading of the arc adjustment
member 634, i.e., component design is simplified. The hub member 650 also
includes a lower threaded cylindrical post 658, which is used to adjust
flow rate and throw radius by threaded engagement with a modified
throttle control member 630, as described below.

[0124] As shown in FIG. 33, the throttle control member 630 is threadedly
coupled to the hub member 650. The throttle control member 630 preferably
includes a number of outer wall segments 629, such as the three outer
wall segments shown in FIGS. 35 and 36, that project outwardly from an
internally threaded hub 631 that defines a central bore 652. The segments
629 each have an external surface 654, preferably a splined surface, for
engagement to the corresponding internal splined surface 632 of the
nozzle collar 628. The segments 629 are preferably relatively thin such
that over-rotation of the nozzle collar 628 results in slippage of the
splined surfaces of the nozzle collar 628 and throttle control member
630. Alternatively, the throttle control member 630 may use an outer ring
having an external splined surface for engagement with the nozzle collar
628. As described above with reference to other preferred embodiments,
rotation of the nozzle collar 628 causes axial movement of the throttle
control member 630 to adjust flow rate and throw radius.

[0125] A seventh preferred embodiment 700 is shown in FIGS. 37-40. The
seventh preferred embodiment of the rotating stream sprinkler 700 is
similar to the sixth embodiment described above and preferably includes a
slotted arc adjustment member 734 for engagement with a hand tool for
adjustment of the water distribution arc and preferably cut-out portions
to define access windows in the nozzle cover 762 to allow adjustment of
the throw radius. The seventh preferred embodiment, however, preferably
includes an overmolded elastomeric portion of the valve sleeve that acts
as the helical engagement surface of the valve sleeve, as described
further below. It should be understood that the structure of the seventh
embodiment of the sprinkler 700 is generally otherwise the same as that
described above for the sixth embodiment, except to the extent described
below.

[0126] As shown in FIGS. 37-40, the sprinkler 700 includes an arc
adjustment member 734 that is the same as arc adjustment member 234. It
preferably includes a slotted upper end 746, a splined intermediate
surface 768, and a threaded lower end 748. As can be seen, the member 734
is different than the one preferably used with the sixth embodiment. More
specifically, the lower end 748 is threaded and it preferably does not
include an undercut groove for engagement with a retaining ring. As can
be seen in FIG. 37, the seventh embodiment preferably does not include a
retaining ring, rubber spring, or washers, as were included for the sixth
embodiment.

[0127] As with the other preferred embodiments, the variable arc
capability of sprinkler 700 results from the interaction of the nozzle
cover 762 and valve sleeve 764. With respect to sprinkler 700, as
discussed further below, the valve sleeve 764 preferably includes a
flexible overmolded portion that is the helical engagement surface of the
valve sleeve 764. The nozzle cover 762 is preferably the same as the
nozzle cover 662 described and shown for the sixth embodiment. The nozzle
cover 762 has a helical engagement surface 794 for engaging the
overmolded portion 701 of the valve sleeve 764 for rotatably adjusting
the angle of the arcuate slot 720. As with previous embodiments, the
nozzle cover 762 and valve sleeve 764 also each preferably have fins to
define edges of the water stream passing through the slot 720.

[0128] As shown in FIGS. 37-40, the valve sleeve 764 has a generally
cylindrical shape, but it has a modified structure relative to the other
preferred embodiments. The valve sleeve 764 preferably includes an outer
cylindrical portion 715 with a fin 714 and an inner cylindrical portion
717 defining a hub 713 with splined internal engagement surface. The
inner cylindrical portion 717 is preferably in the form of a split ring
to allow over-rotation protection, i.e., to prevent damage to the
sprinkler components upon attempted over-rotation of the arc adjustment
member 734. As described above with regard to other preferred
embodiments, upon over-rotation, the member 734 and valve sleeve 764
"slip" with respect to one another such that the valve sleeve 764 does
not rotate with the member 734.

[0129] The valve sleeve 764 preferably includes a helical ridge 703 upon
which an elastomeric portion 701 is overmolded. More specifically, the
elastomeric portion 701, preferably formed of a thermoplastic elastomer
(TPE), is preferably overmolded onto a thermoplastic substrate valve
sleeve body 705 along the helical ridge 703. Thus, a two-shot molding
process is preferably used for molding and overmolding the valve sleeve
764. The TPE material provides elasticity to provide a good sealing
engagement between the overmolded portion 701 and nozzle cover 762.
Because of this elasticity, this sealing engagement induces little side
load, i.e., force directed radially, that could misalign the valve sleeve
764 and the arc adjustment member 734. When the valve sleeve 764 and/or
member 734 become misaligned, the annular gap formed by the arcuate slot
720 is not of uniform thickness, which results in an inconsistent spray
pattern.

[0130] In the preferred form shown in FIGS. 37 and 38, the sprinkler 700
does not involve the application of a spring-loaded pre-load to the valve
sleeve 764, as with the sixth embodiment. In the preferred form, the
sprinkler 700 does not include a rubber spring, washers, or retaining
ring, but instead includes a push nut 707 for keeping the valve sleeve
764 retained by the member 734. The lower end 748 of the member 734
threadedly engages the hub member 750, and the valve sleeve 764
preferably moves in an axial direction upon rotation of the arc
adjustment member 734. The hub member 750 is generally the same as that
described above for the sixth preferred embodiment (hub member 650), but
it includes an inner threaded portion 709 for receipt of the arc
adjustment member 734. The hub member 750 and throttle control member 730
are otherwise preferably the same as for the sixth embodiment and operate
in the same manner. Rotation of the nozzle collar 728 causes rotation of
the throttle control member 730 and axial movement of the throttle
control member 730 to adjust the flow rate and throw radius.

[0131] One advantage of the seventh preferred embodiment is that the
overmolded portion 701 seals against a substantially vertical wall of the
nozzle cover 762, rather than against an inclined wall. This engagement
provides a wide and stable band of contact between the overmolded portion
701 and the nozzle cover 762, which provides an excellent seal. This
orientation also helps maintain the alignment of the valve sleeve 764
with respect to the nozzle cover 762 and limits misalignment that might
result in an irregular annular slot 720. In addition, the use of
elastomeric material, or other elastic material, for the overmolded
portion 701 absorbs side loads that might otherwise disrupt the sealing
engagement or misalign the valve sleeve 764.

[0132] It should be evident that there are other features and other
components that may be overmolded. For example, the overmolded portion
701 need not define just a helical shape but may also include a fin. In
other words, the fin 714 shown in FIGS. 39 and 40 need not form part of
the valve sleeve body 705 but may instead form part of the overmolded
portion 701. In addition, the nozzle cover 762 may have some of its
features overmolded, such as, for instance, its fin or its internal
helical surface. Because of the elastic properties of the overmolded
material, the overmolding of various features and components may reduce
side load that might otherwise affect sealing of the components or might
cause misalignment of the components.

[0133] The foregoing relates to preferred exemplary embodiments of the
invention. It is understood that other embodiments and methods are
possible, which lie within the spirit and scope of the invention as set
forth in the following claims. It is understood that elements and
features shown and described for a specific preferred embodiment can be
combined with other preferred embodiments. Further, it is understood that
features and elements from a specific preferred embodiment may be used
with other sprinkler embodiments not specifically shown herein as set
forth in the following claims.