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Orthodontics is a type of dental treatment that is used to improve the appearance, position and function of crooked or abnormally arranged teeth.

An orthodontist is a dental surgeon who specialises in orthodontic treatment and makes use of a range of appliances, such as braces. These are used to correct the position of teeth over a period of time, usually between 18 months and two years.

In many cases, developmental problems with the teeth and jaw occur for no apparent reason. Alternatively, the development of the teeth and jaw can be damaged through an accident, such as a fall, or as a result of certain activities, such as thumb sucking that persists well into childhood.

In children, crooked or abnormally arranged teeth don't usually present an immediate health problem. However, over time these types of abnormality may affect the later development of the teeth, mouth and jaw.

This could lead to problems with everyday tasks, such as eating, or increase your risk of developing a serious dental condition, such as gum disease, or periodontitis (an infection of the jaw). See Useful links for more information on these topics.

Orthodontic treatment can improve the appearance of the teeth and face, and prevent any worsening of appearance.

Common reasons for treatment

Some of the most common reasons people are referred for orthodontic treatment are listed below.

Protruding upper front teeth. This is one of the most common reasons for orthodontic treatment.

Crowding. People with narrow jaws often find there is not enough space for their teeth, resulting in crowding.

Impacted teeth. Impacted teeth are adult teeth that come through in the wrong position.

Asymmetrical teeth. In some people, the centre of their upper and lower teeth do not match, giving their teeth an asymmetrical, or crooked, appearance.

Deep bite. This is when the upper teeth cover the lower teeth too much.

Reverse bite. This is when the upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth.

Open bite. This is when the upper and lower front teeth do not meet when the mouth is closed. An open bite is often the result of prolonged thumb sucking.

¿When orthodontics should be done?

Usually, a course of orthodontic treatment will only be started after a child’s permanent teeth have developed. For most children, this will be when they are around 12 or 13 years old.

However, in some circumstances an orthodontist will recommend that treatment begins at an earlier age. Orthodontic treatment for adults can begin at any age.