ANNOTATION ON THE HERBAL CLASSIC OF SHEN-NONG: "After going through clouds, the lower part of the body may be affected by pathogenic dampness, harming the skin, muscles, bones and tendons. As the liver and kidneys are located in the lower part where bones and muscles predominate, these two channels are the first to be affected by pathogenic wind-cold-dampness. Siberian ginseng can dispel wind with its pungent taste, expel cold with its warm nature and remove dryness with its bitter taste. The two organs will be freed from all ailments by the potency of this herb."

Western Research

Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002 Mar;133(3):252-4.Effects of Siberian ginseng extract and ipriflavone on the development of glucocorticoid-induced
osteoporosis.
Kropotov AV, Kolodnyak OL, Koldaev VM. Department of Pharmacology, Vladivostok
State Medical University.
Siberian ginseng extract produced a protective effect during experimental
steroid-induced osteoporosis, which was comparable with the influence
of ipriflavone.

Life Sci. 2001 Dec 14;70(4):431-42.The effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginseng on steroidal
hormone indices of stress and lymphocyte subset numbers in endurance athletes.
Gaffney BT, Hugel HM, Rich PA. School of Nursing. Griffith University,
Australia.
A clinical trial was undertaken to investigate the effects of Eleutherococcus
senticosus (ES) and Panax ginseng (PG) on competitive club-level endurance
athletes engaged in their normal in-season training. Participants were
matched for training stress and received a 33% ethanolic extract (8 mL/day)
containing either ES, PG (equivalent to 4 g and 2 g/day of dried root,
respectively), or a placebo. No significant change in testosterone, cortisol
or TCR was observed in the PG group. In the ES group, however, TCR decreased
by 28.7% from 0.0464 to 0.0331 (P=0.03). Contrary to initial expectation,
ES increased rather than decreased hormonal indices of stress, which may
be consistent with animal research suggesting a threshold of stress below
which ES increases the stress response and above which ES decreases the
stress response

Phytother Res. 2000 Feb;14(1):30-5.The influence of active components of Eleutherococcus senticosus on
cellular defence and physical fitness in man.
Szolomicki J, Samochowiec L, Wojcicki J, Drozdzik M, Szolomicki S. Department
of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian University School
of Medicine, Poland.
The influence of active components of Eleutherococcus senticosus were
studied on cellular defence and physical fitness in man. 50 healthy volunteers
were randomly subdivided into two study groups. Changes in the following
blood parameters were observed in comparison to initial values in group
A: total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. No alterations
were seen in group B. The ergospirometric test revealed a higher oxygen
plateau in group A (Taiga Wurzel). Active components in Eleutherococcus
senticosus contained in Taiga Wurzel preparation affect cellular defence
and physical fitness, as well as lipid metabolism. Copyright 2000 John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Eksp Klin Farmakol 1997 Sep-Oct;60(5):58-60Effects of eleutherococcus, elton, leuzea, and leveton on the blood
coagulation system during training in athletes [Article in Russian]
Azizov AP.
Department of Medicobiological Problems of Higher Achievements in Sports,
Research Institute of Physical Culture, Moscow, Russia.
Comparative study was conducted of formal preparations of tinctures of
eleutherococcus and leuzea and the newly developed preparations. Twenty-day
treatment with the new broad-spectrum adaptogens Elton and Leveton causes
a more marked reduction of the coagulation potential in athletes.