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The Preservers were a highly-advanced alien race who passed through the galaxy rescuing primitive cultures in danger of extinction, and seeding them on other worlds where they could be allowed to grow and thrive. Their activities accounted for the large number of humanoid species in the galaxy.

Among the cultures rescued by the Preservers were several Native Americantribes from Earth, who were transplanted to a planet nearly half-a-galaxy away. In addition, they terraformed the planet so as to replicate an Earth-like environment, reproducing a large number of flora. As the planet was located in close proximity to a number of asteroids, the Preservers, whom the Native Americans referred to as "the Wise Ones," placed a large, obelisk-like asteroid deflector on the surface, and instructed the appointed medicine chief in its operation.

In 2268, the USS Enterprise visited the planet, and discovered the transplanted Native Americans. While there, CaptainKirk accidentally gained access to the obelisk, and was exposed to a memory beam inside, resulting in amnesia. Meanwhile, the Enterprise crew worked to repair the deflector, as a large asteroid was in danger of striking the planet and wiping out the inhabitants. Successfully deciphering the Preserver language, which was apparently based on musical scales, CommanderSpock was able to both repair the deflector and restore Captain Kirk's memory via mind meld. (TOS: "The Paradise Syndrome")

Ronald D. Moore has stated that he'd considered, but intentionally did not specify, that the ancient humanoids seen in TNG: "The Chase" were in fact the Preservers. He noted, "but this could be them and be internally consistent." (Star Trek: The Next Generation Companion 2nd ed., p. 244) It should be noted that the Ancient humanoids seeded worlds 4.5 billion years ago, while Native American cultures only emerged in the last 10,000 years.