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Naturally adapted for survival in the female reproductive system, the drug-loaded sperm cells provide an intuitive treatment for gynecologic cancers that, in the U.S. alone, affect more than 100,000 women each year.

In addition to a natural ability to last inside a uterus, sperm exhibit a number of other qualities favourable for controlled drug delivery. Self-propulsion, and an ability to pierce a cell membrane, can be utilized to deliver drugs to the very center of cancer cell where it is most effective. Additionally, with a “paddle-like” shape, the cells have a high drug loading capacity.

3D printed smart devices for sperm

Making a smart device out of sperm cells is done by 3D printing on a nanoscopic scale (3D nanolithography). To enable control and maximize the natural properties of sperm cells, researchers created a minute device capable of releasing the sperm upon contact with another substantial structure.

Before introduction to the tetrapod, the sperm is soaked with a form of Doxorubicin medication, specifically developed for the treatment of gynecological cancers. The tetrapods were made from light-reactive IP-Dip material from Nanoscribe GmbH, and then coated in iron to make them magnetic.

The tetrapod sperm, along with immortal HeLa cervical cancer cells, were then introduced to a microfluidic device to study the effects of contact between the cells. Results showed “more than 2/3 (15 out of 22) of the coupled motors were shown to successfully release sperm cells.”

Conclusions and further research

Though there are still come challenges to overcome before these methods can be tested inside a living organism, conclusions state that “sperm-hybrid systems may be envisioned to be applied in in situ cancer diagnosis and treatment in the near future.”

A basic model for a 3D printable microfluidic device. The winding channel through the middle provides an environment for reacting liquid substances and watching the results. Image via Dr. Matthew Partridge of Cranfield University

Beau Jackson is Senior Journalist at 3D Printing Industry. With a longstanding commitment to the site's content, she is credited with producing more articles than any other author in its history. Well-versed in the latest 3D printing research and legal/regulatory challenges, her repertoire spans aerospace, automotive, maritime, medical and creative industries. She is a keen speaker and active representative of the company at key additive manufacturing events.