Considerable increase in unprotected sex found in French/Canadian gay survey

Final results of survey now available

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A
French and Canadian online survey of gay men and other men who have sex with
men (MSM) appears to have uncovered a dramatic increase in the rates of
unprotected sex with casual partners, potentially serodiscordant sex, and
sexually transmitted infections.

It
also appears to document an increased proportion of men who identify as
bisexual, and finds that only a minority of men identify themselves as
belonging to a distinct gay community.

The survey

Every three years, the French
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS – France's national scientific research centre) and the University of Quebec have organised the Gay
Net Barometer, a behavioural survey of gay men and MSM recruited using gay dating websites
and social networks.

Although
the survey results document considerable changes from the last survey in 2009, this
may in part be due to changes in who answered the survey, as well as to actual
behavioural changes, because there is no way of determining any differences
between the men who answered the last survey and the present one. These
differences may be significant because, as the researchers note, gay contact
media have changed a lot in the last few years. The researchers comment that recruitment
to the survey has been slower in 2013: in 2009, 20,000 men answered the survey
but only 14,000 answered the 2013 survey. This could tilt the profile towards
'higher-risk' men. Thirteen per cent of respondents in the 2013 survey said they had HIV.

The researchers comment that,
with phone-app sites like Grindr now popular, with an increasing number of MSM
contacting each other via specialist media rather than gay-specific sites, and with people
accessing the internet via an increasing variety of mobile devices, online interaction
can be carried on anywhere and often more briefly: fewer men may be taking the
time to sit down at their computer in the evening and devote time to answering
an online survey.

Increases in risk behaviour

Nonetheless,
although the groups answering the two surveys are not identical, the data show
what seems to be a large increase in sexual risk behaviour. While in 2009 34%
of participants reported having had at least one experience of unprotected anal
sex with a casual partner, in 2013 it was 43%. Furthermore, the proportion
reporting regular unprotected sex
with casual partners has risen from 21 to 35%.

In
2009, only 15% reported having unprotected sex with partners of different or
unknown HIV status: in 2013, the figure was almost twice this at 28.5%. However, principal researcher Alain Léobon warned that this figure could be influenced
by changes in the rate of HIV status disclosure, the perceived social
desirability of serodiscordant sex, and people’s guesses at their partners’ HIV
status.

These
increases in risk behaviour appeared to be having health consequences, too. In
2009, 9% of participants reported being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted
infection (STI) in the past year. In 2013, the proportion was 22%: 13% of those
entering the survey on social network sites, 17% of those using gay-specific
dating sites, and 25% of those using ‘specialised’ sites such as fetish sites
and 'bareback' sites.

The proportion co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C has also increased, from 1.4% in 2009 to 3.7% in 2013.

Generational and site-usage differences

There
was a significant difference in reported HIV status according to how
participants accessed the survey. While the mean HIV prevalence in participants
was 13%, in participants accessing the site via general social networking sites – rather than gay-specific ones – it was only 4.8%.

The researchers interpret this
as a difference in the age of those reporting: young people are both less
likely to have HIV, and less likely to have taken a test and know their status.
Using gay-specific sites seems to be something mainly done by older gay men,
and their membership may be “stagnating”, the researchers say: the average age
of men responding from the general social network sites was 32, but on
gay-specific sites was 37.

The
surveys appear to show a slight increase in the proportion of participants who
regard themselves as bisexual, from 16% in 2009 to 20% in 2013.

Gay socialising and discrimination

Fewer than a third (30%) of respondents reported feeling that they belonged to a distinct
“gay community”. Only one in six attended gay-specific bars and clubs; one in ten reported meeting sexual partners at general bars and clubs.

Despite
the fact that only 8.5% of men said that they were "visibly" gay, 23% said they
had been discriminated against because of their homosexuality. These figures
increased to 11 and 33% in the predominantly younger respondents from the
general social networking sites, who reported being discriminated against more
often because of how they looked or behaved rather than because they were
openly gay.

A
quarter of respondents on the bareback sites, who were predominantly HIV
positive, reported discrimination by other gay men because of their HIV status.

NAM’s information is intended to support, rather than replace, consultation with a healthcare professional. Talk to your doctor or another member of your healthcare team for advice tailored to your situation.