Woodward will creating fund

Woodward Will, Creating FundGOVERNORS NAMEDTO WORK OUT PLANRelatives To Recieve Life Annuities From Estate Set at$7,500,000.In his will, filed in the Jefferson County Probate Court Saturday, the late Harvey G. Woodward creates a fund for establishment and maintenance of one or moreschools for the education of white boys. The education he stipulates shall be funda-mentals, and will include such training as will best fit the boys for virile manhood and good citizenship. Except for a life annuity of $24,000 a year and the home at Thirteenth Avenue South, and Nineteenth Street, to his widow; a life annuity of $3,600 to Dr. Elmer H. King, 188 Ditmars Avenue, New York, and $1,200 life annuity to the father and mother of Mrs.Woodward, now residing at Dixfield, Me.,the estate goes to the Alabama Education Found-ation to be administered by the trustee and a self presiding board of governors.The estate is conservatively estimated at $7,500,00 and consists of the Brown-Marx Building, the Woodward Building, the Metropolitan Hotel,the Kartus Corner, Second Avenue North and Twenty-First Street, the B. M. Allen farm in Jefferson County, a 4,00-acre tract on Lookout Mountain; a block of stock in the First National Bank of Birmingham andother securities.At the death of Mrs. Woodward and the other annuity beneficiaries the principal from which the annuities are drawn goes into the foundation to become part of its general fund.Stamp Collection HeldA valuable collection of postage and revenue stamps is to be held 50 years and then sold to benefit the foundation. The will is an elaborate document, going into detials as to the types of school, or schools, the courses of study, and qualifications for headmaster and teachers and the admission of pupils. No provision is made as to when the first unit is to be established, but the will stipulates that it shall be on the 4,000 acre tract on Lookout Mountain, and that none of the schools shall be nearer than 15 miles to a city of 15,000 population.The First National Bank of Birmingham is named as trustee and the will alsonames the following board of governors and their terms:John Stephen Sewell, three years; Theodore Swann, four years; Hobart H. McWhorter, five years; Prescott V. Kelly, six years; Oscar G. Thurlow, seven years; Ray L. Lange, eight years; Keehn W. Berry,nine years. Their appointment begins at the testators death, the will provides.This board of governors, it is assumed, with the trustee, must, before proceedingwith the school plan, determine the value and condition of the trust estate, and it is understood that the first unit of the "progressive" schools will not be started forseveral years.While the board of governors is given free rein under the terms of the will, it is probable that unless substantial reasons for contrary actions arise, the first unit willbe raised on a 4,000 acre tract of land picked by the foundation on top of Lookout Mountain somewhat south of Fort Payne and about 100 miles north of Birmingham.Recognized as ExperimentIt also is recognized as probable for a second unit will be created in the B. M. Allen farm between Birmingham and Springville, this property also being a part of the foundation property.These schools Mr. Woodward himself recognized as an experiment, and his will provides that if, after 75 years, the board of governors regards them as a failure, the board shall liquidate the property, turn half the funds so derived over the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Cambridge, which Mr. Woodward attended, as a fund to be used exclusively for educational purposes, and the other half of the estate made available for advancement to persons under 25 years who are in need of financial assistance in completing their educationpreference being given to those seeking a basic education.While as stated, Mr. Woodward outlined in great detail the type of schools he had in mind, a provision in the will leaves much of powers of revision and discretion to the board of govenors. He wrote:"I am not unmindful of the possibility of error in judgment on my part."The will does however insist that its terms shall be adhered to as to ancestry of pupils, religion, size of the units, research by faculty members, conferring of degrees, and athletics.Plan Educational WorkFriends of Mr. Woodward have known that for the last 10 years or more he has been working on plans to make use of his fortune for the benefit of the educational foundation. He gave practically all of his time during recent years to a study of educational methods. His contacts with leaders in educational thought, including many of the heads of the larger colleges, convinced him that there were what he conceived to be certain fundamental weaknesses in the present educational system and that those weaknesses were recognized by the heads of the institutions making up the system. He provided in his will a group of schools of not more than 200 students in each and with a carefully selected faculty of not less than 20 members for each, primary duty will be to teach the students to teach themselves. To use the words of the will:"The value of the school will be not in the subjects and things taught primarily, but in the way in which they are taught--presenting the basic principles in their proper orderand relation and most important of all, in the training of the mind and body in good habits.It seems to be generally agreed by those who have made much study of the subject,that the one thing of greatest value really possible to teach anyone is to 'teach him to teach himself.'"One of the objects of this school is so training the mind and body of the pupil that he may apply his own faculties to facts which come of his knowledge throughout life and arrive at sound and proper conclusions, and I have not intended that the school should strive to fillthe pupil with more or less disconnected patches of information in the hope that he will find a place some day for their use.The school is not in any of its parts to become a preparatory school, not to be or become a college or university, or technical school. Its purpose is to educate the average boy for the specific but broad purpose of making him a better rounded man than usually results from so-called specific education, one who know, appreciates and can apply the methods of learning.New Educational SystemThose familiar with present educational methods recognize in the Woodward plan the fundamentals of the "progressive" school system which has been developing in this country in recent years. There are now in existence approximately 60 schools of this type. There is one in New York City, operated under the supervision of the Columbia University, there are others in Cleveland, in Winnetka, Ill., a suburb of Chicago; in Denver, Southern California and Florida. It represents a movement which is being closely watched and encouraged by those familiar with the problems of present educational methods. The development of the school, Mr. Woodward contemplated, will bring to Alabama the latest develoopment in educational methods.Mr. Woodward, seeking to make sure of his ground, provided that the first unit of the school, which he proposed should be started in a small way. "As and when the size and condition of the trust estate will safely permit, the board of govenors shall establish small school of 15 to 30 boys, with more or less temporary buidings, that can be enlarged or others added as needed. A headmaster of not under 35 or over 50 years of age, who is interested in and likes boys, and knows their psychology, who has had much experience with them, who is not wedded to any'system', who sees and approves of this scheme as a whole, who has a minimum of prejudices, intolerance and of 'cocksuredness', shall be employed at least a year before the school is started and give his entire attention to the needs of the school and preparations for it in all ways. This school, if successful,is to grow in a natural way to the size of 200 pupils, and become the first unit of units provided herein. When the first school, in the judgment of the board of governors, is reasonably sure of growing as planned, new buidlings may be erected, on the same general site, planned as future units."Estimate of CostTo attain a maximum of financial assurance of the future of the first and subsequent units, the will provides that the board of governors shall first make careful estimate of the cost and the amount required annually for upkeep. Then, the will reads: "The board shall make the expenditure for such unit only if and when there shall remain in the trust estate property or securities other than school properties, after deducting the estimated cost of such unit, which will produce income, after paying all expenses other than the cost and expenses connected with the operation of the unit, the construction of which is then contemplated;provided further, that in addition to the foregoing there shall be other income-producing assets (excluding school properties) of the value of $3,000,000, the income from which shall be added to said $3,000,000 to help provide the funds for the next unit."If, after the completion of the second unit,it should be apparent to the board of governors, that $3,000,000 is more or less needed for the basis of another unit, then they may the change the amount to such figure, from time to time, as they deem advisable." The will provides that no unit of the schools shall bear the name of any individual,nor shall there be any memorial structures bearing individual names. He preferred that the collective units be known as the Alabama Educational Foundation, thereby specifically requiring that the schools should not bear even the name of their founder.As to details of these units, which must be at least 50 miles apart unless on the same plot of ground and two miles away, the will reads:Limited to 200 pupils"Each unit shall be limited to 200 pupils, but during the first half of any school year an additional number over 200 may be introduced to provide for probable eliminations prior to the beginning of the second half of such year. "I direct that there shall be no departments as ordinarily understood, in the units of this school, but that each unit shall be run and managed as a whole."The buildings at all plants be shall of plain but good and lasting construction, so as to have the minimum cost of upkeep, except when the buildings are intended to be temporary structures. No money shall be used in architectural display or other costly embellishments. A school consists of its teacher, and pupils, the plant is merely incidental. "One of the early buildings at each unit is to be a fireproof structure for a library. The books are to be open and accessible to the boys and there are to be plenty of tables and chairs, an open fireplace that is used, and other means of heating and plenty of light. The room or rooms shall be ample in size,and an effort shall be made to have the library a quiet meeting place for the boys."Buildings at each plant will include a building of one story, not less than 30 by 50 feet, to be used as a 'play shop;'equipped with benches, made by the boys, and a resonable number of hand tools for the working of wood, metal, leather and other common materials, and a few power tools, for wood and metal, as may seem most desirable. This shop is not to be used for regular lessons (except in the first 25 years if it seems best), but the boys shall be allowed to do as they choose in it in their own time. Teachers may advise on the work done, if asked to do so."As a part of the each unit's equipment will be a farm to raise needed vegetables and fruit for the unit and to give the boys familiarity with growing things. Such boys as like can find work on the farm to help defray their school expenses.Teachers From North"As the plans for the opening of each unit of the school are put in shape, the board of governors shall provide for a sufficient number of teachers. The number of teachers shall be sufficiently large to give individual attention to the work and needs of each pupil--not less than one instructor to 10 pupils (probably more will be needed). Each teacher, assistant or other agent shall be a man of high character and integrity. It is directed that the teachers come--for the first 25 years of each unit--from north of an east-west line through Cincinnati, that pupils may learn from contact, the the men from "the North" are essentially the same as men from "the South," also that pupils will benefit by illustrations of like and things used by the teachers, but tending to be different from the illustrations that would be used by a teacher raised in the South. I suggest this as a permanent rule. It has advantages.One of the teaching staff is to be a physician, who can give the boys such attention in common ailments and accidents as is necessary, but serious cases are to be taken at once to the nearest hospital. This physician will also have a general charge of the feeding. I prefer that he be of the homeopathic school. No person shall be employed who shall not have shown skill in the teaching of boys and who is not well fitted by temperament, education and experience to accomplish the best results therin. In all cases persons shall be chosen on account of their merit not through favor and intrigue."As many white boys over 12 years of age and under 18 years of age, preference to be given those in their thirteenth and fourteenth year (who shall not remain at the school as pupils after they arrive at the age of 25 years) as the physical equipment of the school and the net income from the trust estate shall be adequate to accommodate, shall be introduced into the school as soon as practicable under the terms and provisions hereof and from time to time as there may be vacancies, or increased facilities, others shall be introduced, not more than the maximum number hereinbefore provided being enrolled in any unit.Pupils Pay Expenses"The pupils expenses for board must be paid by him, and the board of governors shall require each pupil at the school to pay such tuition as the board of governors in its discretion may deem necessary to fully accomplish the object of the institution, keeping in mind that the school is for the average boy and is not intended to be a charity. On the basis of present conditions it seems to me that the tuition should be $299 per school year, and certainly not less than $100 per school year."The pupils will live in dormitories belonging to and on the land of, and operated by the school. The fee for room at present prices is suggested at $50 per school year."Meals will be furnished at cost, to be determined from time to time. The feeding of pupils shall be under the general supervision of the school physician who will consider the psysiological needs much more than tastes and habits and avoid feeding in excess of reasonable needs."In addition to tuition, board and and room, there should be charges for individual breakage and materials used in laboratories of the several kinds. As a primary object is to help those who need help most, the board of governors will consider all the charges of students as the "standard" or minimum charges and will charge those who can pay more, two or three as much or more if deemed best."Pupils will be required to care for their own rooms and the dormitory building. The faculty shall take not to encourage student activities which are likely to divide the students into cliqures, and the occpancy of dormitories ahll be domcratic, they types and ages of boys mixed."Fraternities or secret societies shall not be permitted among the students. 'Spending money', money for the boys personal pleasure, must be left with the head master, and only given the boys at such times and in such quantity as the faculty decides is best and never so as to cause jealousy among the poorer boys. "It is directed that members of the Ethiopian or negroid races shall not be employed as house or culinary servants or in the buildings except as common laborers, and then only if necessary, this due to the probability of pupils inconsciously acquiring the negro's type of actions, language, lack of real observations and way of thinking.Train all Faculties"With proper training of the pupil's mental faculties (meaning his brain in connection with his whole body and its reactions) by his own experiences, with his hands and all his other senses, and not by the old traditional methods, based on the brain considered as an organ separate and apart from all the remainder of the body, which attempted to train the brainby brain exercises' only and the 'mind' largely by 'memory' only, without the use of all the sense, and which training tends to leave the man unable to use what he has learned, by dealing with the fundamentals of his daily environment, in an experimental way (learning how to teach himself), the boy will be enabled to carry on his own education, throughout his life, to use what he learns and to better determine, discriminatingly, the governing factor of his problems."Before any pupil shall be admitted to the school, he must show to the satisfaction of the board of governors, or to the agency created by it for the purpose, that he is (1) normal in anatomy and physiology; (2) of sound mind; (3) willing to do hard work through long hours of study; and (4) apparently fitted by temper and temperament to be suitable companion for the faculty of the school and the other pupils and that he most likely will practice the virtues and attain the station in life contemplated in the establishment of this trust."The examiners will not have primary interest in the scholastic attainments of the applicants for admission, except to see that the boy can read, write a little mental arithmetic, but will see that their bodies and mental reactons are normal. The teachers probably should be the examiners. After being admitted, if it becomes reasonably apparent that the boy lacks any of these essentials, or after having been given a fair chance, does not meet the scholastic requirements of the school, he must be permanently excluded. The pupils who shall merit may remain in the school until they graduate or reach the age of 25 years."The slow but accurate and efficient are to be given special assistanace and allowed to stay so long as they make real prgress and are under the age of 25 years."In general it its contemplated that in the early period of development of the school the time taken to complete the course will be about four years--slow boys being given more time and rapid ones being allowed to finish sooner. The shall be a preliminary year provided for those who, at entrance, are not sufficiently advanced properly to enter the regular course. This preliminary work may be used for any that need it. After the second unit of the school is functioning the board of governors may extend the time as they determine best, not to exceed two years. If the accumulation of funds will permit, it may be found that the course of study can be extended at one or more units to take of students from the other units who would be benifited by further and broader work along the same lines, but only to the extent of two years additional time."The board of governors shall provide for determining the order in which persons applying for admission shall be admitted, giving perference, however to (1) those with English or British ancestry, (2) those best fitted, (3) those born in Alabama, in the order named.Qualifications Cited"No pupil, except those of British ancestry, shall be admitted, unless his father and mother were both natural born citizens of the United States and unless such parents were of the Caucasian or white, race. Each pupil shall be a natural born citizen of the United States. The board of governors shall determine what evidence or proof of ancestry shall be required of applicants for admission. No Jew or Hebrew, referring to his race, not his religion, shall be eligible, or shall be admitted. This is not intended as a reflection upon the people of that race or nation, but the object for which this school is founded will, in my opinion, be best accomplished by designating as beneficaries therof the class I have hereinabove specified."The board of governors, faculty head or entrance examinig board, as the board of governors may determine, shall have the right at all times to refuse entrance to the school or to expel from the without giving any reason therefor,"It seems unwise to leave to the individual youth--or his parents in most cases--the choice of the line of his education, so as to get the best for him. I therfore direct that in this school there shall be only one course of study. That course of study shall be provided and the subjects making it up shall be taught with a view to giving to the graduate of the school a broad, liberal view of the world in which he lives and of the daily life of which he is a part. "The subjects--part of which are hereinafter named--shall be presented in their general and fundamental aspects, and not with any efrort to give a complete course on any individual sugject (this would require a lifetime or more). There is neither time to teach nor sufficient value inthe knowledge acquired to justify teaching the details of the subjects to students in general, yet knowledge of each subject in its fundamentals is essential to development of a real man. To be worth while to him he must be taught the basic principlesof the subject, properly correlated as between themselves and similar principles in the other subjects taught. Knowledge of the details are of value to the practitioner only, of the minute details to the specialist only."The value of the school will be, not in the subjects and things taught primarily, but in the way in which they are taught, presenting the basic principles in their proper order and relation and, most important of all, in the training of the mind and body in good habits. It seems to be generally agreed by those who have made much study of the subject that the one thing of greatest value really possible to teach anyone is 'to teach him to teach himself.'"The general objects of this school are: To furnish the average boy with a basic knowledge and appreciation of the environment in which he lives, and especially of himself and his fellow men; to help him to realize the daily life the average person must live; to control his emotional and sentimental impulses and to face the facts; to supply some basic knowledge of all the basic sciences, taught in a coordinated, correlated way; to enable to boy to earn a living; to make his life more worth living, by deriving the maximum of happiness from it. Basis For Manhood"The basic idea of the school is to make for the boy of sound mind and body, the best foundation for real manhood and citizenship. It is self-evident that the best superstructure on a weak foundation must eventually show the poor foundation. It is intended to give the boy as many experiences in the use of all his senses as possible, so that he may be able to attain maximum use of hands and mind in daily life."One of the objects of this school is so training the mind and body of the pupil that he may apply his own faculties to facts which come of his knowledge throughout life and arrive at sound proper conclusion; and I have not intended that the school should strive to fill the pupil with more or less disconnected patches of information in the hope that he will find a place some day for their use."The school is not in any of its parts to become a college or university, not to be or beomce a trade or technical school. Its purpose is to educate the average boy for the specific but broad purpose of making of him a better rounded man than usually results for so-called specific education--one who knows, appreciates and can apply the methods of learning.One Study Course"It is apparent that basic studeis under methods of proven worth will give more individulas the necessary foundation to reach the highest position, within their abilities and opportunities, and their maximum value to the nation, than studies likely to be selected by themselves. From all of which it follows that there should be but one course of study for pupils in the school. This course will include the following:"The English language, or such language as maay then be the language of this country, and no other language (including under this description but not limiting the general description, (1) study of the origin and meaning of words, (2) training of voice for oridnary conversation, reading aloud, and talking to several people while standing, (3) penmenshipr of a sort that can be easily read, (4) writing a signature that can be easily read, (5) writing business letters and telegrams, anatomy, anthropology, biology, bookkeeping (so far as understanding its three books and their meaning), botany, general chemistry (lectures and laboratory), civil government (including some familiarity with Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the Unites States, so long as our present form of government exists),civil geography (particularly of the United States), diet, (proper feeding), drawing (mechanical, with only such free hand as needed with it); economics, ethics, first aid in accidents, geography (commerical, physical and political), geology, humanic, hygiene, history of the United States (from our ancestory in Europe to date), law (a few lectures on its general development and meaning), mathematics (only so far as the average man is likely to need in after life), algebran, arithmetic (with stress on facility and accuracy in figuring or computing), plane geometry, mental work in shop, moral, physics, physiography, physiology (including that of sex and parenthood), psychology, public health, political economy, religion (talks or lectures on the basal facts of the principal religions of the world--Buddhism, Christianism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Judaism, Mohammedanism, Polytheism, Shintoism,Toaism, and their relative number of followers ), sanitation, sociology, and wood-work in a shop."All shall be taught as a complete and correlated whoe and not as separate courses, as now understood, but each subject relative to the other as to tis value in the work and in the pleasure of after life and with due attention to the individual student's interest, ability and mental age."I expressly do not intend to require that any particular quantity of each subject be taught. The object shall be to give the pupil a composite picture of reasonable and discriminating comprehension of the worl in which he lives and not special knowledge or facility in any particular subject."Much effort will be given to unteaching that which is not true.Use of Senses"A main object will be to interest the boy in something, and cultivate the habit of observation, of being conscious of everything within the range of the senses, of really using his eyes to see. Lession in observation and writing down--putting into words what is observed--and correlating the observations--deduction--will be given throughout the course. "The boy shall be taught the rights of others so that he thoroughly understands that every right of his is dependent on corresponding obligations to others--not only to his immediate companions, but to society as a whole--that every right he has is the result of general agreement by society and not due to anything inherent in his being. This is to be illustrated so often that his thoughts and acitons on this line become habitual."Thoroughness in principles will be insisted on and repeatedly illustrated. The reading of at least two good informative books each school year will be required. The use of books will be taught--their manual handling and how to use a library. Order will be taught (in rooms, shops and grounds) and illustrated as to why it is superior to disorder."The advantages of classification, of facts, memories, and things--classfication in general--is to be explained; also the value of appreciating relative importance."That time is an element of every problem is to be impressed; also that historic time, while long, is as nothing relative to all previous time."Show them that the small things of dialy life--the little things that irritate or please--are in their aggragate, the things that make life seem worth while or of little value--that these little things can be largely ignored or controlled by reasonable effort, and real pleasure much increased by habitual self control."Frequent reference will be made to the fact that all our knowledge and allour activities are limited and that all our values are relative. Such effort will be made t inculcate love for truth and work, and ti impress the fact that while money is desirable, it will not buy real friendship, real love, respect, honesty, health or knowledge, and that while the most common, it is the poorest measure of a man. Physical Development"In addition, physical examination at least twice a year, prescribed gymnastic work for those of unbalanced physical development and 'setting up' exercises for all, learning to swim and military drill--not connected with any military subjects--will be required of all pupils. Excursions will be frequent--preferable with small groups--to all manner of industrial plants and operations."At all times the curriculum is to be interpreted in a broad and common sense way and not in a closed, conventional or entirely specific manner. It is reasonably certain that the curriculum--fairly interpreted--will not need changes, other than those permitted by 'not any particular quantity of each subject' and that the subjects named cover most of the useful subjects known or to be known, if interpreted in a broad way."The interest and objects of the school must be constantly in the mind of the interpreter and fundamental principles shall be the governing factor. When a new fact comes to lightit must be included in the curriculum, if, and only if, its relative importance justifies the inclusion."Formal examinations on curricular subjects will not be held, nor will percentage marks be given, nor need a boy be forced to spend much time on subjects in which he really has no interest or to which he is not adaptive. He will be judged by the whole general result of his work as to whether his progress is satisfactory."Not more than 25 per cent of the time for study and work may be given to studies other than provided in this curriculum. The amount of time devoted to study and work must be kept withing the limits of average ability to keep up by rather hard work."Play will be regarded as part of the curriculum, being in fact quite as important in life as work, and there will be frequent daily interruptions of work for play and change."Those of more than usual ability may be given more advanced work in any of the regular subjects, but not in other lines."And, especially, I desire that by every proper means a pure attachment to truth, honesty, integrity, the rights of others and the sacred rights of a conscience, as guaranteed by our constituion, be formed and fostered in the minds of the pupils and all persons connected with the school.Develop Esprit de Corps"Teachers will all be men of not less than 30 years of age and with the same general qualifications as the headmaster. They will devote all their working time to teaching--their main object being to put the pupil in a position to learn by his own efforts and to point out his errors. They will studiously avoid drudgery to the boy or themselves. They will at all times have reagrd for developmental age of the boy, more than to his age in years. They will strive to work into one another's hands--developing team work, or esprit de corps--and those who cannot do so well will be dismissed."They will not be permitted to do work for anyone outside the school, or to do research work, expect that having a direct benefit to the boys. They will be paid well--in accordance with what they could probably earn in average commercial positions."They will endeavor to give the boys a thorough ground in fundamentals, especially those of most use in daily life."one or more extra teachers will be at hand, or within easy reach (on fully pay), to take the place of any teacher who is sick or in need of a vacation, in the opinion of the headmaster."Women, while not employed as teacher, will be employed in other capacities and each dormitory will hae a motherly woman in charge, or not less than 40 years of age who will reside in the dormitory."It shall be the duty of all teachers, singly and collectively, to study each boy as an individual and to instruct the boy on the basis of the boy's individual needs and aptitudes. When, in the colelctive opinion of the the teachers, or a majority of them, it is decided that a boy does not seem well adaptive to this or other schools, the boy shall be advised to leave and go to work. When a boy does not seem well adapted to this school, he is to be advised to leave and enter a school from which he is likely to receive more benefit, and every assistnace (not monetary) is to be given him to enter the school of his choice. Graduates will be advised as to that for which they seem best adapted."Wherever a boy is deemed to have unusual ability, he is to be advised of the schools to which he is most suited, and if he is unable, for lack of money, and his relatives or friends are unable to provide the money, his expenses, in the school of his choice, so far only as will enable him to get through a regular course of such school by close and careful living, with all the real necessaries of the course, and provided he makes satisfactory progress in the such school, will be furnished by this school, as a part of his educational expenses."Not more than 5 per cents of this school's attendance in any one year may be so financed; and this help must not in any sense be considered as a price or scholarship or that anyone has the slightest right to demand such assistance, but the assistance will be given solely on the opinion of the majority of the teachers that the boy be assisted has unusual ability and the nation likely to profit by the assistance.Guidance Objective"It is evident that completion of the course of this school--graduation--is not considered a prime object, but the real object is to guide the boy to that for which he seems best fitted."In general there will be as few rules as possible; discipline will be by trust in the boys' inherent fairness, and by the boys, in their own relations with each other; punishments will be by withdrawal of privileges, for the most part; reports, if any, to parents, will be only 'satisfactory' or 'unsatisfactory', and not by percentage marks, or of praise or censure. There will not be graduation exercises--commencement--except for members of the unit alone, if the headmaster thinks desirable."No degrees will ever be conferred in these schools or by the board of governors."Athletic games, with those outside the school, or outside spectators at games of the school, will not be permitted. Athletics between members of the unit will be fostered."Esthetic things will be favored--band, glee clubs, sketching clubs, photography, etc."Textbooks will not be used in general or specific lessons assigned. A dictionary must be owned and used by each boy (at the present time Webster's Collegiate, Merriam & Co., is recommended)."Vacations will be confined to the long Summer vacation of not over three months, Saturday afternoons, Sunday and such of the legal holidays as the faculty deem wise to grant. The faculty and board of governors may also not over six individual holidays per year, such are deemed desirable."Inasmuch as visitors distract attention, I desire that visitors in general shall not be permitted on school. property. Under rules to be fixed by the faculty head, the pupils may see people in the entrance house and in case of sickness or accident, in the hospitals; people on business visits may see the people where the business requires and friends or teachers of employees may see people in their rooms or dwellings. The faculty and teachers may show the school to not more than six people at a time where said people are really interested in education."A person's religious belief should be, I conceive, the result of his own experience and thinking, uninfluenced by special teachings or beliefs of others. Therefore, there shall be no religious services on grounds of the school, except those conducted by pupils themselves and attended only by them and those attended only by theadults connected, which the school, and no compulsion to attend such services. Nor shall the authorties of the school influence or complet pupils to attend service outside thegrounds or give advice on theology or dogmatism. My intent here is to permit pupils to form their own religious beliefs without undue influence and to avoid religious excitement or controversy."The continuous inculcation, high moral purposes is a part of the curriculum. No building for religious purposes shall ever be erected on grounds of the school. This will not prevent the use of schoolrooms for permitted religious meetings, but no room shall be set apart for this purpose and no religious emblem or furniture shall be used. No one connected with the school shall promulgate any rule regarding Sunday. That day will be one of freedom to the individual. This will not prevent the individual from the pursuit of his work or study, if he desires to do so, but there will be no school activities.Opinions Not Binding"To assist in the construction of these provisions, I direct attention to the fact that I have herein frequently stated my opinion or desire, or suggested the manner in which certain things should be handled. It is not my intention that such statements by me shall be binding on the trustee or the board of governors. Such statements merely indicate my opinion, based on conditions as I now see them, and I intend the final decision shall be made at the future date."The section of the will making the board of governors self-perpetuating provides that appointments to vacancies shall be seven years."No minister or preacher," the will reads "one whomakes a practice of conducting religious meetings or devotes a substantial part of his time to religious or church work, shall be eligible to serve as a memeber of the board of governors," no shall any person not eligible to the school serve on the board. Members of the board shall serve without compensation.The board shall have nothing to do with management of the trust estate, that duty being left to the First National Bank as trustee.When, and if, the requirements of Alabama are met, the board may on its own judgment go into Florida, Georgia, Kentucky Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Tennessee.No unit of the school shal be nearer than 15 miles to a town of 15,000 population.HANDLEY MEMORIAL CLASS LEADER WILL PRESENT MUSICIANS

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Woodward Will, Creating FundGOVERNORS NAMEDTO WORK OUT PLANRelatives To Recieve Life Annuities From Estate Set at$7,500,000.In his will, filed in the Jefferson County Probate Court Saturday, the late Harvey G. Woodward creates a fund for establishment and maintenance of one or moreschools for the education of white boys. The education he stipulates shall be funda-mentals, and will include such training as will best fit the boys for virile manhood and good citizenship. Except for a life annuity of $24,000 a year and the home at Thirteenth Avenue South, and Nineteenth Street, to his widow; a life annuity of $3,600 to Dr. Elmer H. King, 188 Ditmars Avenue, New York, and $1,200 life annuity to the father and mother of Mrs.Woodward, now residing at Dixfield, Me.,the estate goes to the Alabama Education Found-ation to be administered by the trustee and a self presiding board of governors.The estate is conservatively estimated at $7,500,00 and consists of the Brown-Marx Building, the Woodward Building, the Metropolitan Hotel,the Kartus Corner, Second Avenue North and Twenty-First Street, the B. M. Allen farm in Jefferson County, a 4,00-acre tract on Lookout Mountain; a block of stock in the First National Bank of Birmingham andother securities.At the death of Mrs. Woodward and the other annuity beneficiaries the principal from which the annuities are drawn goes into the foundation to become part of its general fund.Stamp Collection HeldA valuable collection of postage and revenue stamps is to be held 50 years and then sold to benefit the foundation. The will is an elaborate document, going into detials as to the types of school, or schools, the courses of study, and qualifications for headmaster and teachers and the admission of pupils. No provision is made as to when the first unit is to be established, but the will stipulates that it shall be on the 4,000 acre tract on Lookout Mountain, and that none of the schools shall be nearer than 15 miles to a city of 15,000 population.The First National Bank of Birmingham is named as trustee and the will alsonames the following board of governors and their terms:John Stephen Sewell, three years; Theodore Swann, four years; Hobart H. McWhorter, five years; Prescott V. Kelly, six years; Oscar G. Thurlow, seven years; Ray L. Lange, eight years; Keehn W. Berry,nine years. Their appointment begins at the testators death, the will provides.This board of governors, it is assumed, with the trustee, must, before proceedingwith the school plan, determine the value and condition of the trust estate, and it is understood that the first unit of the "progressive" schools will not be started forseveral years.While the board of governors is given free rein under the terms of the will, it is probable that unless substantial reasons for contrary actions arise, the first unit willbe raised on a 4,000 acre tract of land picked by the foundation on top of Lookout Mountain somewhat south of Fort Payne and about 100 miles north of Birmingham.Recognized as ExperimentIt also is recognized as probable for a second unit will be created in the B. M. Allen farm between Birmingham and Springville, this property also being a part of the foundation property.These schools Mr. Woodward himself recognized as an experiment, and his will provides that if, after 75 years, the board of governors regards them as a failure, the board shall liquidate the property, turn half the funds so derived over the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Cambridge, which Mr. Woodward attended, as a fund to be used exclusively for educational purposes, and the other half of the estate made available for advancement to persons under 25 years who are in need of financial assistance in completing their educationpreference being given to those seeking a basic education.While as stated, Mr. Woodward outlined in great detail the type of schools he had in mind, a provision in the will leaves much of powers of revision and discretion to the board of govenors. He wrote:"I am not unmindful of the possibility of error in judgment on my part."The will does however insist that its terms shall be adhered to as to ancestry of pupils, religion, size of the units, research by faculty members, conferring of degrees, and athletics.Plan Educational WorkFriends of Mr. Woodward have known that for the last 10 years or more he has been working on plans to make use of his fortune for the benefit of the educational foundation. He gave practically all of his time during recent years to a study of educational methods. His contacts with leaders in educational thought, including many of the heads of the larger colleges, convinced him that there were what he conceived to be certain fundamental weaknesses in the present educational system and that those weaknesses were recognized by the heads of the institutions making up the system. He provided in his will a group of schools of not more than 200 students in each and with a carefully selected faculty of not less than 20 members for each, primary duty will be to teach the students to teach themselves. To use the words of the will:"The value of the school will be not in the subjects and things taught primarily, but in the way in which they are taught--presenting the basic principles in their proper orderand relation and most important of all, in the training of the mind and body in good habits.It seems to be generally agreed by those who have made much study of the subject,that the one thing of greatest value really possible to teach anyone is to 'teach him to teach himself.'"One of the objects of this school is so training the mind and body of the pupil that he may apply his own faculties to facts which come of his knowledge throughout life and arrive at sound and proper conclusions, and I have not intended that the school should strive to fillthe pupil with more or less disconnected patches of information in the hope that he will find a place some day for their use.The school is not in any of its parts to become a preparatory school, not to be or become a college or university, or technical school. Its purpose is to educate the average boy for the specific but broad purpose of making him a better rounded man than usually results from so-called specific education, one who know, appreciates and can apply the methods of learning.New Educational SystemThose familiar with present educational methods recognize in the Woodward plan the fundamentals of the "progressive" school system which has been developing in this country in recent years. There are now in existence approximately 60 schools of this type. There is one in New York City, operated under the supervision of the Columbia University, there are others in Cleveland, in Winnetka, Ill., a suburb of Chicago; in Denver, Southern California and Florida. It represents a movement which is being closely watched and encouraged by those familiar with the problems of present educational methods. The development of the school, Mr. Woodward contemplated, will bring to Alabama the latest develoopment in educational methods.Mr. Woodward, seeking to make sure of his ground, provided that the first unit of the school, which he proposed should be started in a small way. "As and when the size and condition of the trust estate will safely permit, the board of govenors shall establish small school of 15 to 30 boys, with more or less temporary buidings, that can be enlarged or others added as needed. A headmaster of not under 35 or over 50 years of age, who is interested in and likes boys, and knows their psychology, who has had much experience with them, who is not wedded to any'system', who sees and approves of this scheme as a whole, who has a minimum of prejudices, intolerance and of 'cocksuredness', shall be employed at least a year before the school is started and give his entire attention to the needs of the school and preparations for it in all ways. This school, if successful,is to grow in a natural way to the size of 200 pupils, and become the first unit of units provided herein. When the first school, in the judgment of the board of governors, is reasonably sure of growing as planned, new buidlings may be erected, on the same general site, planned as future units."Estimate of CostTo attain a maximum of financial assurance of the future of the first and subsequent units, the will provides that the board of governors shall first make careful estimate of the cost and the amount required annually for upkeep. Then, the will reads: "The board shall make the expenditure for such unit only if and when there shall remain in the trust estate property or securities other than school properties, after deducting the estimated cost of such unit, which will produce income, after paying all expenses other than the cost and expenses connected with the operation of the unit, the construction of which is then contemplated;provided further, that in addition to the foregoing there shall be other income-producing assets (excluding school properties) of the value of $3,000,000, the income from which shall be added to said $3,000,000 to help provide the funds for the next unit."If, after the completion of the second unit,it should be apparent to the board of governors, that $3,000,000 is more or less needed for the basis of another unit, then they may the change the amount to such figure, from time to time, as they deem advisable." The will provides that no unit of the schools shall bear the name of any individual,nor shall there be any memorial structures bearing individual names. He preferred that the collective units be known as the Alabama Educational Foundation, thereby specifically requiring that the schools should not bear even the name of their founder.As to details of these units, which must be at least 50 miles apart unless on the same plot of ground and two miles away, the will reads:Limited to 200 pupils"Each unit shall be limited to 200 pupils, but during the first half of any school year an additional number over 200 may be introduced to provide for probable eliminations prior to the beginning of the second half of such year. "I direct that there shall be no departments as ordinarily understood, in the units of this school, but that each unit shall be run and managed as a whole."The buildings at all plants be shall of plain but good and lasting construction, so as to have the minimum cost of upkeep, except when the buildings are intended to be temporary structures. No money shall be used in architectural display or other costly embellishments. A school consists of its teacher, and pupils, the plant is merely incidental. "One of the early buildings at each unit is to be a fireproof structure for a library. The books are to be open and accessible to the boys and there are to be plenty of tables and chairs, an open fireplace that is used, and other means of heating and plenty of light. The room or rooms shall be ample in size,and an effort shall be made to have the library a quiet meeting place for the boys."Buildings at each plant will include a building of one story, not less than 30 by 50 feet, to be used as a 'play shop;'equipped with benches, made by the boys, and a resonable number of hand tools for the working of wood, metal, leather and other common materials, and a few power tools, for wood and metal, as may seem most desirable. This shop is not to be used for regular lessons (except in the first 25 years if it seems best), but the boys shall be allowed to do as they choose in it in their own time. Teachers may advise on the work done, if asked to do so."As a part of the each unit's equipment will be a farm to raise needed vegetables and fruit for the unit and to give the boys familiarity with growing things. Such boys as like can find work on the farm to help defray their school expenses.Teachers From North"As the plans for the opening of each unit of the school are put in shape, the board of governors shall provide for a sufficient number of teachers. The number of teachers shall be sufficiently large to give individual attention to the work and needs of each pupil--not less than one instructor to 10 pupils (probably more will be needed). Each teacher, assistant or other agent shall be a man of high character and integrity. It is directed that the teachers come--for the first 25 years of each unit--from north of an east-west line through Cincinnati, that pupils may learn from contact, the the men from "the North" are essentially the same as men from "the South," also that pupils will benefit by illustrations of like and things used by the teachers, but tending to be different from the illustrations that would be used by a teacher raised in the South. I suggest this as a permanent rule. It has advantages.One of the teaching staff is to be a physician, who can give the boys such attention in common ailments and accidents as is necessary, but serious cases are to be taken at once to the nearest hospital. This physician will also have a general charge of the feeding. I prefer that he be of the homeopathic school. No person shall be employed who shall not have shown skill in the teaching of boys and who is not well fitted by temperament, education and experience to accomplish the best results therin. In all cases persons shall be chosen on account of their merit not through favor and intrigue."As many white boys over 12 years of age and under 18 years of age, preference to be given those in their thirteenth and fourteenth year (who shall not remain at the school as pupils after they arrive at the age of 25 years) as the physical equipment of the school and the net income from the trust estate shall be adequate to accommodate, shall be introduced into the school as soon as practicable under the terms and provisions hereof and from time to time as there may be vacancies, or increased facilities, others shall be introduced, not more than the maximum number hereinbefore provided being enrolled in any unit.Pupils Pay Expenses"The pupils expenses for board must be paid by him, and the board of governors shall require each pupil at the school to pay such tuition as the board of governors in its discretion may deem necessary to fully accomplish the object of the institution, keeping in mind that the school is for the average boy and is not intended to be a charity. On the basis of present conditions it seems to me that the tuition should be $299 per school year, and certainly not less than $100 per school year."The pupils will live in dormitories belonging to and on the land of, and operated by the school. The fee for room at present prices is suggested at $50 per school year."Meals will be furnished at cost, to be determined from time to time. The feeding of pupils shall be under the general supervision of the school physician who will consider the psysiological needs much more than tastes and habits and avoid feeding in excess of reasonable needs."In addition to tuition, board and and room, there should be charges for individual breakage and materials used in laboratories of the several kinds. As a primary object is to help those who need help most, the board of governors will consider all the charges of students as the "standard" or minimum charges and will charge those who can pay more, two or three as much or more if deemed best."Pupils will be required to care for their own rooms and the dormitory building. The faculty shall take not to encourage student activities which are likely to divide the students into cliqures, and the occpancy of dormitories ahll be domcratic, they types and ages of boys mixed."Fraternities or secret societies shall not be permitted among the students. 'Spending money', money for the boys personal pleasure, must be left with the head master, and only given the boys at such times and in such quantity as the faculty decides is best and never so as to cause jealousy among the poorer boys. "It is directed that members of the Ethiopian or negroid races shall not be employed as house or culinary servants or in the buildings except as common laborers, and then only if necessary, this due to the probability of pupils inconsciously acquiring the negro's type of actions, language, lack of real observations and way of thinking.Train all Faculties"With proper training of the pupil's mental faculties (meaning his brain in connection with his whole body and its reactions) by his own experiences, with his hands and all his other senses, and not by the old traditional methods, based on the brain considered as an organ separate and apart from all the remainder of the body, which attempted to train the brainby brain exercises' only and the 'mind' largely by 'memory' only, without the use of all the sense, and which training tends to leave the man unable to use what he has learned, by dealing with the fundamentals of his daily environment, in an experimental way (learning how to teach himself), the boy will be enabled to carry on his own education, throughout his life, to use what he learns and to better determine, discriminatingly, the governing factor of his problems."Before any pupil shall be admitted to the school, he must show to the satisfaction of the board of governors, or to the agency created by it for the purpose, that he is (1) normal in anatomy and physiology; (2) of sound mind; (3) willing to do hard work through long hours of study; and (4) apparently fitted by temper and temperament to be suitable companion for the faculty of the school and the other pupils and that he most likely will practice the virtues and attain the station in life contemplated in the establishment of this trust."The examiners will not have primary interest in the scholastic attainments of the applicants for admission, except to see that the boy can read, write a little mental arithmetic, but will see that their bodies and mental reactons are normal. The teachers probably should be the examiners. After being admitted, if it becomes reasonably apparent that the boy lacks any of these essentials, or after having been given a fair chance, does not meet the scholastic requirements of the school, he must be permanently excluded. The pupils who shall merit may remain in the school until they graduate or reach the age of 25 years."The slow but accurate and efficient are to be given special assistanace and allowed to stay so long as they make real prgress and are under the age of 25 years."In general it its contemplated that in the early period of development of the school the time taken to complete the course will be about four years--slow boys being given more time and rapid ones being allowed to finish sooner. The shall be a preliminary year provided for those who, at entrance, are not sufficiently advanced properly to enter the regular course. This preliminary work may be used for any that need it. After the second unit of the school is functioning the board of governors may extend the time as they determine best, not to exceed two years. If the accumulation of funds will permit, it may be found that the course of study can be extended at one or more units to take of students from the other units who would be benifited by further and broader work along the same lines, but only to the extent of two years additional time."The board of governors shall provide for determining the order in which persons applying for admission shall be admitted, giving perference, however to (1) those with English or British ancestry, (2) those best fitted, (3) those born in Alabama, in the order named.Qualifications Cited"No pupil, except those of British ancestry, shall be admitted, unless his father and mother were both natural born citizens of the United States and unless such parents were of the Caucasian or white, race. Each pupil shall be a natural born citizen of the United States. The board of governors shall determine what evidence or proof of ancestry shall be required of applicants for admission. No Jew or Hebrew, referring to his race, not his religion, shall be eligible, or shall be admitted. This is not intended as a reflection upon the people of that race or nation, but the object for which this school is founded will, in my opinion, be best accomplished by designating as beneficaries therof the class I have hereinabove specified."The board of governors, faculty head or entrance examinig board, as the board of governors may determine, shall have the right at all times to refuse entrance to the school or to expel from the without giving any reason therefor,"It seems unwise to leave to the individual youth--or his parents in most cases--the choice of the line of his education, so as to get the best for him. I therfore direct that in this school there shall be only one course of study. That course of study shall be provided and the subjects making it up shall be taught with a view to giving to the graduate of the school a broad, liberal view of the world in which he lives and of the daily life of which he is a part. "The subjects--part of which are hereinafter named--shall be presented in their general and fundamental aspects, and not with any efrort to give a complete course on any individual sugject (this would require a lifetime or more). There is neither time to teach nor sufficient value inthe knowledge acquired to justify teaching the details of the subjects to students in general, yet knowledge of each subject in its fundamentals is essential to development of a real man. To be worth while to him he must be taught the basic principlesof the subject, properly correlated as between themselves and similar principles in the other subjects taught. Knowledge of the details are of value to the practitioner only, of the minute details to the specialist only."The value of the school will be, not in the subjects and things taught primarily, but in the way in which they are taught, presenting the basic principles in their proper order and relation and, most important of all, in the training of the mind and body in good habits. It seems to be generally agreed by those who have made much study of the subject that the one thing of greatest value really possible to teach anyone is 'to teach him to teach himself.'"The general objects of this school are: To furnish the average boy with a basic knowledge and appreciation of the environment in which he lives, and especially of himself and his fellow men; to help him to realize the daily life the average person must live; to control his emotional and sentimental impulses and to face the facts; to supply some basic knowledge of all the basic sciences, taught in a coordinated, correlated way; to enable to boy to earn a living; to make his life more worth living, by deriving the maximum of happiness from it. Basis For Manhood"The basic idea of the school is to make for the boy of sound mind and body, the best foundation for real manhood and citizenship. It is self-evident that the best superstructure on a weak foundation must eventually show the poor foundation. It is intended to give the boy as many experiences in the use of all his senses as possible, so that he may be able to attain maximum use of hands and mind in daily life."One of the objects of this school is so training the mind and body of the pupil that he may apply his own faculties to facts which come of his knowledge throughout life and arrive at sound proper conclusion; and I have not intended that the school should strive to fill the pupil with more or less disconnected patches of information in the hope that he will find a place some day for their use."The school is not in any of its parts to become a college or university, not to be or beomce a trade or technical school. Its purpose is to educate the average boy for the specific but broad purpose of making of him a better rounded man than usually results for so-called specific education--one who knows, appreciates and can apply the methods of learning.One Study Course"It is apparent that basic studeis under methods of proven worth will give more individulas the necessary foundation to reach the highest position, within their abilities and opportunities, and their maximum value to the nation, than studies likely to be selected by themselves. From all of which it follows that there should be but one course of study for pupils in the school. This course will include the following:"The English language, or such language as maay then be the language of this country, and no other language (including under this description but not limiting the general description, (1) study of the origin and meaning of words, (2) training of voice for oridnary conversation, reading aloud, and talking to several people while standing, (3) penmenshipr of a sort that can be easily read, (4) writing a signature that can be easily read, (5) writing business letters and telegrams, anatomy, anthropology, biology, bookkeeping (so far as understanding its three books and their meaning), botany, general chemistry (lectures and laboratory), civil government (including some familiarity with Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the Unites States, so long as our present form of government exists),civil geography (particularly of the United States), diet, (proper feeding), drawing (mechanical, with only such free hand as needed with it); economics, ethics, first aid in accidents, geography (commerical, physical and political), geology, humanic, hygiene, history of the United States (from our ancestory in Europe to date), law (a few lectures on its general development and meaning), mathematics (only so far as the average man is likely to need in after life), algebran, arithmetic (with stress on facility and accuracy in figuring or computing), plane geometry, mental work in shop, moral, physics, physiography, physiology (including that of sex and parenthood), psychology, public health, political economy, religion (talks or lectures on the basal facts of the principal religions of the world--Buddhism, Christianism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Judaism, Mohammedanism, Polytheism, Shintoism,Toaism, and their relative number of followers ), sanitation, sociology, and wood-work in a shop."All shall be taught as a complete and correlated whoe and not as separate courses, as now understood, but each subject relative to the other as to tis value in the work and in the pleasure of after life and with due attention to the individual student's interest, ability and mental age."I expressly do not intend to require that any particular quantity of each subject be taught. The object shall be to give the pupil a composite picture of reasonable and discriminating comprehension of the worl in which he lives and not special knowledge or facility in any particular subject."Much effort will be given to unteaching that which is not true.Use of Senses"A main object will be to interest the boy in something, and cultivate the habit of observation, of being conscious of everything within the range of the senses, of really using his eyes to see. Lession in observation and writing down--putting into words what is observed--and correlating the observations--deduction--will be given throughout the course. "The boy shall be taught the rights of others so that he thoroughly understands that every right of his is dependent on corresponding obligations to others--not only to his immediate companions, but to society as a whole--that every right he has is the result of general agreement by society and not due to anything inherent in his being. This is to be illustrated so often that his thoughts and acitons on this line become habitual."Thoroughness in principles will be insisted on and repeatedly illustrated. The reading of at least two good informative books each school year will be required. The use of books will be taught--their manual handling and how to use a library. Order will be taught (in rooms, shops and grounds) and illustrated as to why it is superior to disorder."The advantages of classification, of facts, memories, and things--classfication in general--is to be explained; also the value of appreciating relative importance."That time is an element of every problem is to be impressed; also that historic time, while long, is as nothing relative to all previous time."Show them that the small things of dialy life--the little things that irritate or please--are in their aggragate, the things that make life seem worth while or of little value--that these little things can be largely ignored or controlled by reasonable effort, and real pleasure much increased by habitual self control."Frequent reference will be made to the fact that all our knowledge and allour activities are limited and that all our values are relative. Such effort will be made t inculcate love for truth and work, and ti impress the fact that while money is desirable, it will not buy real friendship, real love, respect, honesty, health or knowledge, and that while the most common, it is the poorest measure of a man. Physical Development"In addition, physical examination at least twice a year, prescribed gymnastic work for those of unbalanced physical development and 'setting up' exercises for all, learning to swim and military drill--not connected with any military subjects--will be required of all pupils. Excursions will be frequent--preferable with small groups--to all manner of industrial plants and operations."At all times the curriculum is to be interpreted in a broad and common sense way and not in a closed, conventional or entirely specific manner. It is reasonably certain that the curriculum--fairly interpreted--will not need changes, other than those permitted by 'not any particular quantity of each subject' and that the subjects named cover most of the useful subjects known or to be known, if interpreted in a broad way."The interest and objects of the school must be constantly in the mind of the interpreter and fundamental principles shall be the governing factor. When a new fact comes to lightit must be included in the curriculum, if, and only if, its relative importance justifies the inclusion."Formal examinations on curricular subjects will not be held, nor will percentage marks be given, nor need a boy be forced to spend much time on subjects in which he really has no interest or to which he is not adaptive. He will be judged by the whole general result of his work as to whether his progress is satisfactory."Not more than 25 per cent of the time for study and work may be given to studies other than provided in this curriculum. The amount of time devoted to study and work must be kept withing the limits of average ability to keep up by rather hard work."Play will be regarded as part of the curriculum, being in fact quite as important in life as work, and there will be frequent daily interruptions of work for play and change."Those of more than usual ability may be given more advanced work in any of the regular subjects, but not in other lines."And, especially, I desire that by every proper means a pure attachment to truth, honesty, integrity, the rights of others and the sacred rights of a conscience, as guaranteed by our constituion, be formed and fostered in the minds of the pupils and all persons connected with the school.Develop Esprit de Corps"Teachers will all be men of not less than 30 years of age and with the same general qualifications as the headmaster. They will devote all their working time to teaching--their main object being to put the pupil in a position to learn by his own efforts and to point out his errors. They will studiously avoid drudgery to the boy or themselves. They will at all times have reagrd for developmental age of the boy, more than to his age in years. They will strive to work into one another's hands--developing team work, or esprit de corps--and those who cannot do so well will be dismissed."They will not be permitted to do work for anyone outside the school, or to do research work, expect that having a direct benefit to the boys. They will be paid well--in accordance with what they could probably earn in average commercial positions."They will endeavor to give the boys a thorough ground in fundamentals, especially those of most use in daily life."one or more extra teachers will be at hand, or within easy reach (on fully pay), to take the place of any teacher who is sick or in need of a vacation, in the opinion of the headmaster."Women, while not employed as teacher, will be employed in other capacities and each dormitory will hae a motherly woman in charge, or not less than 40 years of age who will reside in the dormitory."It shall be the duty of all teachers, singly and collectively, to study each boy as an individual and to instruct the boy on the basis of the boy's individual needs and aptitudes. When, in the colelctive opinion of the the teachers, or a majority of them, it is decided that a boy does not seem well adaptive to this or other schools, the boy shall be advised to leave and go to work. When a boy does not seem well adapted to this school, he is to be advised to leave and enter a school from which he is likely to receive more benefit, and every assistnace (not monetary) is to be given him to enter the school of his choice. Graduates will be advised as to that for which they seem best adapted."Wherever a boy is deemed to have unusual ability, he is to be advised of the schools to which he is most suited, and if he is unable, for lack of money, and his relatives or friends are unable to provide the money, his expenses, in the school of his choice, so far only as will enable him to get through a regular course of such school by close and careful living, with all the real necessaries of the course, and provided he makes satisfactory progress in the such school, will be furnished by this school, as a part of his educational expenses."Not more than 5 per cents of this school's attendance in any one year may be so financed; and this help must not in any sense be considered as a price or scholarship or that anyone has the slightest right to demand such assistance, but the assistance will be given solely on the opinion of the majority of the teachers that the boy be assisted has unusual ability and the nation likely to profit by the assistance.Guidance Objective"It is evident that completion of the course of this school--graduation--is not considered a prime object, but the real object is to guide the boy to that for which he seems best fitted."In general there will be as few rules as possible; discipline will be by trust in the boys' inherent fairness, and by the boys, in their own relations with each other; punishments will be by withdrawal of privileges, for the most part; reports, if any, to parents, will be only 'satisfactory' or 'unsatisfactory', and not by percentage marks, or of praise or censure. There will not be graduation exercises--commencement--except for members of the unit alone, if the headmaster thinks desirable."No degrees will ever be conferred in these schools or by the board of governors."Athletic games, with those outside the school, or outside spectators at games of the school, will not be permitted. Athletics between members of the unit will be fostered."Esthetic things will be favored--band, glee clubs, sketching clubs, photography, etc."Textbooks will not be used in general or specific lessons assigned. A dictionary must be owned and used by each boy (at the present time Webster's Collegiate, Merriam & Co., is recommended)."Vacations will be confined to the long Summer vacation of not over three months, Saturday afternoons, Sunday and such of the legal holidays as the faculty deem wise to grant. The faculty and board of governors may also not over six individual holidays per year, such are deemed desirable."Inasmuch as visitors distract attention, I desire that visitors in general shall not be permitted on school. property. Under rules to be fixed by the faculty head, the pupils may see people in the entrance house and in case of sickness or accident, in the hospitals; people on business visits may see the people where the business requires and friends or teachers of employees may see people in their rooms or dwellings. The faculty and teachers may show the school to not more than six people at a time where said people are really interested in education."A person's religious belief should be, I conceive, the result of his own experience and thinking, uninfluenced by special teachings or beliefs of others. Therefore, there shall be no religious services on grounds of the school, except those conducted by pupils themselves and attended only by them and those attended only by theadults connected, which the school, and no compulsion to attend such services. Nor shall the authorties of the school influence or complet pupils to attend service outside thegrounds or give advice on theology or dogmatism. My intent here is to permit pupils to form their own religious beliefs without undue influence and to avoid religious excitement or controversy."The continuous inculcation, high moral purposes is a part of the curriculum. No building for religious purposes shall ever be erected on grounds of the school. This will not prevent the use of schoolrooms for permitted religious meetings, but no room shall be set apart for this purpose and no religious emblem or furniture shall be used. No one connected with the school shall promulgate any rule regarding Sunday. That day will be one of freedom to the individual. This will not prevent the individual from the pursuit of his work or study, if he desires to do so, but there will be no school activities.Opinions Not Binding"To assist in the construction of these provisions, I direct attention to the fact that I have herein frequently stated my opinion or desire, or suggested the manner in which certain things should be handled. It is not my intention that such statements by me shall be binding on the trustee or the board of governors. Such statements merely indicate my opinion, based on conditions as I now see them, and I intend the final decision shall be made at the future date."The section of the will making the board of governors self-perpetuating provides that appointments to vacancies shall be seven years."No minister or preacher," the will reads "one whomakes a practice of conducting religious meetings or devotes a substantial part of his time to religious or church work, shall be eligible to serve as a memeber of the board of governors," no shall any person not eligible to the school serve on the board. Members of the board shall serve without compensation.The board shall have nothing to do with management of the trust estate, that duty being left to the First National Bank as trustee.When, and if, the requirements of Alabama are met, the board may on its own judgment go into Florida, Georgia, Kentucky Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Tennessee.No unit of the school shal be nearer than 15 miles to a town of 15,000 population.HANDLEY MEMORIAL CLASS LEADER WILL PRESENT MUSICIANS