Global Journal of Health Sciencehttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs
<div><em>Global Journal of Health Science</em> (GJHS) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal. The journal aims to provide a platform for the global research community to share their findings, insights and views about all aspects of health science.</div><div> </div><div>Authors are encouraged to <strong><a href="/journal/index.php/gjhs/about/submissions">submit</a></strong> complete, unpublished, original works in the fields of public health, community health, behavioral health, health policy, health service, health education, health economics, medical ethics, health protection, environmental health, and equity in health.</div><div> </div><div>The journal is published in both printed and online versions. The online version is free to access and download.</div><div> </div><img style="float: right; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px;" src="/journal/public/site/images/gjhs/homepageImage_en_US1.jpg" alt="" width="246" height="340" /><p><strong></strong><strong><strong>Editor-in-Chief</strong></strong></p><p><strong></strong><strong>Trisha Dunning</strong> is the chair of nursing and director of the Centre for Nursing and Allied Health Research at Barwon Health Deakin University, Australia.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Archives 2018</strong></p><ul><li><strong><a href="/journal/index.php/gjhs/issue/archive">e-Version First<sup>TM</sup></a></strong></li></ul><ul><li><strong><a href="/journal/index.php/gjhs/issue/archive">Current Issue</a></strong></li></ul><ul><li><strong><a href="/journal/index.php/gjhs/issue/archive">All Issues</a></strong></li></ul><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Index/List/Archive</strong></p><ul><li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://journaldatabase.info/journal/issn1916-9736">Academic Journals Database</a></span></li><li><a href="http://scholar.cnki.net/result.aspx?q=Global+journal+of+health+science&amp;rt=Journal&amp;rl=fn&amp;udb="><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>CNKI Scholar</strong></span></a></li><li><a href="https://dbh.nsd.uib.no/publiseringskanaler/KanalTidsskriftInfo?id=481396&amp;bibsys=0"><strong>DBH</strong></a></li><li><strong><a href="http://www.ebscohost.com/">EBSCOhost</a></strong></li><li><strong><a href="http://scholar.google.com/">Google Scholar</a></strong></li><li><a href="http://journalseek.net/cgi-bin/journalseek/journalsearch.cgi?query=1916-9736&amp;field=title&amp;editorID=&amp;send=Search+Title%2FISSN+Only">Genamics JournalSeek</a></li><li><a href="http://www.journaltocs.ac.uk/index.php?action=search&amp;subAction=hits&amp;journalID=26676&amp;userQueryID=56952&amp;high=1&amp;ps=30&amp;page=1&amp;items=0&amp;journal_filter=&amp;journalby="><strong>JournalTOCs</strong></a></li><li><a href="http://www.openj-gate.org/">Open J-Gate</a></li><li><a href="http://pkp.sfu.ca/?q=harvester">PKP Open Archives Harvester</a></li><li><a href="https://publons.com/journal/20399/global-journal-of-health-science">Publons</a></li><li><a href="https://www.safetylit.org/week/journalpage.php?jid=18386">SafetyLit</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/"><strong>SHERPA/RoMEO</strong></a></li><li><a href="http://www.oxbridge.com/SPDCluster/theSPD.asp">Standard Periodical Directory</a></li><li><a href="http://ulrichsweb.serialssolutions.com/login">Ulrich's</a></li><li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://ulibrary.org/">Universe Digital Library</a></span></li><li><a href="http://www.oclc.org/worldcat.en.html">OCLC-WorldCat </a></li></ul><p> <strong>NLM ID:<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/101519495"> 101519495</a></strong></p>Canadian Center of Science and Educationen-USGlobal Journal of Health Science1916-9736Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. The Editors reserve the right to edit or otherwise alter all contributions, but authors will receive proofs for approval before publication. <br />Copyrights for articles published in CCSE journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.

Final Year Dental Students’ Perception of Knowledge, Training and Competence in Medical Emergency Managementhttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74132
<p><strong>OBJECTIVE</strong><strong>: </strong>The potential for a medical emergency to occur during dental treatment must be met by dental practitioners who are competent to manage such situations. However the literature shows that not all dentists have received training in this area, and of those who have, many are deficient in knowledge, skills and confidence. The objective of this study was to examine the perceptions of final year Jordanian dental students regarding their education and preparedness to manage medical emergencies.</p><p><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive study which gathered questionnaire data from an undergraduate student cohort at two Jordanian universities. Descriptive analysis of the data was undertaken, and a Chi-squared test was used to explore the relationships between participants’ responses and the variables of gender and previous attendance at any ME workshop. Statistical significance was deemed at p&lt;.05.</p><p><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>: </strong>Three hundred and seventy dental students responded to the questionnaire with response rates of 76.2% and 81.8% from the two sites. The results indicate that not all of the students had received training in medical emergency management, and their self-reported proficiency and experience was sub-optimal. However, participating in a workshop on managing medical emergencies was associated with changes in some skills and experiences.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><strong>:</strong> The low levels of medical emergency management knowledge and skills in the final year dental students reflects the situation reported in existing literature. This study indicates the importance of effective medical emergency management training within the dental undergraduate program, and may be used to inform future curricula planning.</p>Liqaa Abdulridha RaffeeYousef S KhaderAlaa O. OteirKhaled Z. AlawnehRola S. SaqanBronwyn BeovichBrett Williams
Copyright (c) 2018 Liqaa Abdulridha Raffee, Yousef S Khader, Alaa O. Oteir, Khaled Z. Alawneh, Rola S. Saqan, Bronwyn Beovich, Brett Williams
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2018-04-232018-04-23106110.5539/gjhs.v10n6p1Public Private Partnerships and Collaboration in the Health Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Studyhttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74225
<p>A public-private partnership (PPP) is defined as a collaboration between the public and private sectors in the financing, delivery and development of public goods and services. This phenomenon has been adopted globally by many as a new economic paradigm. This study identifies challenges and other hindrances in promoting PPPs, identifies the concrete contribution of PPP initiatives in improving healthcare service delivery and determines the level of participation of the private sector in healthcare delivery systems under PPP initiatives in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants, including 4 government hospital directors, 5 private hospital directors and 4 health personnel. Participants were interviewed face to face, and the interviews were audio-recorded. The participants were purposefully selected based on their knowledge and familiarity with the implementation of PPP schemes. The evidence showed that the most important benefits of adopting a PPP are the quality of service, the speed at which low-cost healthcare service delivery is made accessible and the diversification of risks between the two sectors so that neither the private sector nor the public sector bears the entire risk alone. The results also revealed that PPPs will lead to increased efficiency and accuracy with respect to the design and implementation of infrastructural projects as well as the financing, execution, maintenance and development of the healthcare sector—the implementation of which makes high-quality services available to end users. Risk sharing is of great importance for the healthcare sector in that it helps hospitals to avoid closure and failure, distributes financial flows in an ideal way, and reduces the pressure on hospitals to work in a safe investment environment. This aim can be achieved through increasing the partnerships between public and private sectors.</p>Amal AlmalkiMohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
Copyright (c) 2018 Amal Almalki, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
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2018-04-232018-04-231061010.5539/gjhs.v10n6p10Vitamin D Levels and Depressive Symptoms’ Severity Among University Employees in Lebanonhttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74245
<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Despite the evidence that the association between serum vitamin D level and susceptibility to depression is altered by ethnicity and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and parallel substantial burden of depression among Middle Eastern/ Arab adult populations, research exploring whether low serum vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of depression among Arab adult populations is almost non-existent.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and severity of depressive symptoms among a sample of healthy Lebanese adults, controlling for multiple confounders.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> A total of 351 employees at a private university in Lebanon were surveyed. Information about sociodemographic, lifestyle habits, medical/ family history; and depressive symptoms were collected using a background questionnaire, international physical activity questionnaire –short form, and Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected using standard methods. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by means of ELISA. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Sample mean age was 42.36 years. In the fully adjusted model, higher depression scores were found to be border-line significantly (p= 0.058) associated with lower serum 25-(OH)D levels and significantly associated with younger age, female sex, lower income, chronic illness diagnosis, family history of mental illness, number of stressful life events, and intake of antidepressants.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>We did not find any significant independent association between serum 25(OH)D levels and severity of depressive symptoms in a sample of Lebanese employees of a private university.</p>Doris JaaloukJocelyne BoumoslehMira Fatayri
Copyright (c) 2018 Doris Jaalouk, Jocelyne Boumosleh, Mira Fatayri
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2018-04-232018-04-231062110.5539/gjhs.v10n6p21Is Being Single a Risk Factor for Previously Undetected Abnormal Glucose Tolerance?http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74053
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong><strong> </strong>Type II diabetes represents a chronic disease with costly consequences. It is important to identify all risk factors to allow patients the opportunity to counter its progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between marital status and previously undiagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in a northern Colombian population.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong><strong> </strong>Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional screening study in a northern Colombian adult population ages 18-74 using healthcare insurance company data from 2014-2015. The main exposure was marital status, while the outcome was AGT. A descriptive analysis of the variables in the database was conducted, and chi-square analysis of categorical covariates and a t-test of continuous covariates were performed. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between marital status and AGT.</p><p><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>: </strong>Single individuals had a 20% decreased odds of having AGT compared to married individuals (odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 - 1.0), but this association disappeared after adjusting for covariates (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 - 1.2). There was a 40% increased odds of AGT in women compared to men (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.1 - 1.8). Hypertension increased the risk of AGT by about 60% (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.2 - 2.1), while obesity was associated with an 80% increased odds of developing AGT (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.3 - 2.4).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><strong>:</strong> Our study suggests that screening for abnormal glucose tolerance may not be necessary in specific marital status groups.</p>Labeena WajahatRaisa UddinAndrew LaiLuisa PomboNoel C Barengo
Copyright (c) 2018 Labeena Wajahat, Raisa Uddin, Andrew Lai, Luisa Pombo, Noel C Barengo
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2018-04-232018-04-231063510.5539/gjhs.v10n6p35Idiosyncratic Pain Patterns During Exhaustive Exercisehttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/75056
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamical distribution of pain in constant cycling and running tasks up to the point of exhaustion. Ten participants (M = 20.8 years old, SD = ± 1.03) ran and cycled at a “hard” intensity level (e.g., Borg’s RPE (6–20) = 15). During task performance, participants reported their pain on a body map every 15s. Three distinct and consistent pain distribution patterns emerged: adders who added pain locations, jumpers who switched among pain locations, and adders-jumpers who both added and switched among pain locations throughout the effort. These distribution patterns had a significant effect (p &lt; .001) on pain stability (i.e., the time spent within the same pain location) and on total number of changes in pain locations (p &lt; 0.04); which differed between the adders and jumpers (p &lt; .035). Task endurance was associated with the total number of changes of pain locations (r = .46, p &lt; .04). Finally, a significant effect of time on the number of symmetric locations χ2 (10,4) = 16.17, p &lt; .003 emerged in running. Idiosyncratic pain distribution patterns with more switching among pain locations throughout effort seemed to increase time on task. Further scientific evidence is needed for confirming the extent to which idiosyncratic pain distribution patterns account for and/or help pain management within clinical settings.Agne SlapšinskaiteSelen RazonNatàlia BalaguéArunas ŠciupokasRobert HristovskiGershon Tenenbaum
Copyright (c) 2018 Agne Slapšinskaite, Selen Razon, Natàlia Balagué, Arunas Š?iupokas, Robert Hristovski, Gershon Tenenbaum
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2018-04-272018-04-271064410.5539/gjhs.v10n6p44Experience of Spiritual Coaching for Peer Educatorshttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74059
<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>To protect against burnout syndrome and enhance the work capacity of peer educators who work with those who inject drugs under “A project to end AIDS, reduce new HIV infections and decrease tuberculosis in vulnerable populations of People Who Inject Drugs (PWID)”. This research aimed to study the process of the spiritual development of peer educators through exposure to spiritual coaching. The spiritual coaching in this study incorporated theoretical techniques of counseling psychology as well as an effective coaching approach.</p><p><strong>METHODS: </strong>This study was a qualitative research using the narrative approach. The data were collected from five in-depth interviews of peer educators who received spiritual coaching. The data were then analyzed by using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Three focus areas of the spiritual development of peer educators were found to be important/central: 1) knowledge and understanding, 2) enhancing experience and practice, and 3) belief in the spiritual to help with the field work.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Base on the interaction between the counseling psychology theories and other related theories, the results of this study supported the benefits arising from improvements in the spiritual identity of the peer educators. This was reflected in the enhanced mental energy and work strategies. The latter finding can be applied to other peer educators who work with those who inject drugs in other settings.</p>Preenapa ChooratNanchatsan SakunpongSurawut Patthaisong
Copyright (c) Preenapa Choorat, Nanchatsan Sakunpong & Surawut Patthaisong
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2018-04-262018-04-261065410.5539/gjhs.v10n6p54Should We Stop Blaming Saturated Fats for Causing Coronary Heart Disease? A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studieshttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74345
<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Saturated fats were known as a risk factor for CHD and dietary guidelines restrict the daily consumption of SFs. However, the association between SFs and higher risk of CHD is not clear. This systematic review includes 14 high-quality prospective cohort studies which reported the association between CHD and SFs. </p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>This systematic review aims to examine the association between SFs intake and higher risk of CHD among prospective cohort studies.</p><p><strong>DESIGN: </strong>A systematic review was conducted for published literaure in Scopus and ProQuest during the period 2000 to 2017. Studies included if they have a prospective cohort design with follow-up more than 4 years, published in English, and provide information about the association of interest. Data were extracted and summarised into three tables.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>A total number of 14 prospective cohort studies were included in this review in which all from developed countries and half of them were from the USA. The total number of participants ranging from 501 to 344,696 in follow-up period from 4.8 to 30 years where 26,322 events of CHD and 629 CHD deaths were reported. The highest positive association HR (95%CI) was 5.17 (1.64-16.36) for CHD mortality and 1.36 (0.98-1.88) for CHD incidence. In contrast, the highest inverse association was found 0.73 (0.53-1.01) for CHD mortality and 0.62 (0.35-1.11) for CHD incidence. </p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>This systematic review suggests that<strong> </strong>SFs intake was not associated with higher incidence or mortality of CHD.</p>Sulaiman Salim Al MashrafiHilal Al ShamsiAbdullah Ghthaith Almutairi
Copyright (c) 2018 Sulaiman Salim Al Mashrafi, Hilal Salim Al Shamsi & Abdullah Ghthaith Almutairi
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2018-04-262018-04-261066210.5539/gjhs.v10n6p62The Effect of Leadership Behaviours on the Change Process in Healthcare Organisations in Saudi Arabiahttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74182
<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>The purpose of this empirical study was to explore and determine the influence of leadership behaviors on the organisational change process in healthcare organisations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> Primary data were collected from a sample of 272 employees in hospitals in the Al-Qassim region. The study used a self-administered questionnaire to examine the role of leadership behaviors (task-, relations-, and change-oriented leadership behaviors) on the organisational change process in healthcare organisations. Cross-sectional data were analyzed using SPSS.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Positive and significant relations were found between leadership behaviors and the organisational change process contributed 54% of the variation in the dependent variable (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.54).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The findings of this research are highly significant, as they can give managers and organisational leaders a more profound insight into the behaviors and practices required to improve healthcare organisations’ performance during implementation of the change process.</p>Mohammad F Alharbi
Copyright (c) Mohammad F Alharbi
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2018-04-272018-04-271067710.5539/gjhs.v10n6p77Sweet Treats Sweet: A Review of Antidiabetic Properties of Honeyhttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74378
<p>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive disease that cannot be effectively controlled with single therapy and diabetic patients struggle to maintain the recommended blood glucose control. This increases the risk for many complications such as macro and micro vascular diseases, neuropathy</p><p>Retinopathy, and diabetic foot. Honey has been used to prevent and treat many diseases. The mechanisms behind its biological and pharmacological role are still not clearly understood, however, some studies reported that Honey has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immune stimulation actions. The aim of this article was to review the published articles about the antidiabetic properties of honey with their mechanisms. The findings showed that low glyceamic index honey can act as hypoglyceamic agent and delay or prevents the progression of the diabetic outcomes. However further studies to standardize the use of honey among patients with Diabetes mellitus are need.</p>Mohammed Taha Al-Hariri
Copyright (c) 2018 Mohammed Taha Al-Hariri
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2018-04-272018-04-271069410.5539/gjhs.v10n6p94The Lifestyle Habits and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Profiles of Staff Within a Provincial Tertiary Institution in South Africahttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/72931
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a rising burden in many parts of the world including South Africa. There is a strong relationship between CVD, type II diabetes and obesity. The CVD risk and health status of employees in tertiary institutions remains of high concern, as limited studies have been conducted in this area.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The study objectives were to determine the: CVD risk factor profile; possible risks of other NCDs; and lifestyle habits i.e. physical activity, nutritional/dietary habits, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption of university employees.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> A cross-sectional design was conducted on academic and non-academic (professional) staff members from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Purposive sampling of staff within the School of Health Sciences were selected to participate in this study. The data collection included health/fitness screening questionnaires, selected anthropometric measurements and non-fasting blood tests.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Seventy-five staff members with a mean age of 39.71 years old voluntarily participated in this study. A significant number of staff members presented with a moderate CVD risk profile. Body fat percentages were significantly higher for females than for males. In addition waist circumference measures indicated possible risks for Type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The overall lifestyle habits were adequate to poor.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>There is an imperative need for workplace health interventions to improve CVD risk profiles and the susceptibility to other NCD’s among staff in tertiary institutions.</p>Varnika ReddyRowena Naidoo
Copyright (c) 2018 Varnika Reddy, Rowena NAIDOO
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2018-05-042018-05-0410610210.5539/gjhs.v10n6p102Prospects of Big Data Analytics in Africa Healthcare Systemhttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/73631
<p>Big data is having a positive impact in almost every sphere of life, such as in military intelligence, space science, aviation, banking, and health. Big data is a growing force in healthcare. Even though healthcare systems in the developed world are recording some breakthroughs due to the application of big data, it is important to research the impact of big data in developing regions of the world, such as Africa. Healthcare systems in Africa are, in relative terms, behind the rest of the world. Platforms and technologies used to amass big data such as the Internet and mobile phones are already in use in Africa, thereby making big data applications to be emerging. Hence, the key research question we address is whether big data applications can improve healthcare in Africa especially during epidemics and through the public health system. In this study, a literature review is carried out, firstly to present cases of big data applications in healthcare in Africa, and secondly, to explore potential ethical challenges of such applications. This review will provide an update on the application of big data in the health sector in Africa that can be useful for future researchers and health care practitioners in Africa.</p>Akindele AkinnagbeK.Dharini Amitha PeirisOluyemi Akinloye
Copyright (c) 2018 Akindele Akinnagbe, Ami Peiris, Oluyemi Akinloye
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2018-05-082018-05-0810611410.5539/gjhs.v10n6p114The Benefits of High Intensity Exercise on the Brain of a Drug Abuserhttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74553
<p>Chronic drug abuse has been shown to cause dysfunctions on the frontal lobe and affect cognition, cardiac autonomic control and psychosocial aspects. Despite physical exercise has been shown to improve cerebral functioning, the effects of a high intensity exercise training program needs to be further explored in a drug abuse condition. The patient was a 32-year-old male who has been an alcohol and crack/cocaine user for 20 years. The high intensity exercise training protocol consisted of four 30-second “all-out” bouts performed three times per week during four weeks. The participant had electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, cognition, cardiac autonomic control and psychosocial questionnaires evaluated before and after high intensity exercise training. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation during an incremental running exercise test was also recorded. EEG topographical analysis revealed greater PFC activation during the cognitive test. Performance on the cognitive test was enhanced (l number of total errors and reaction time). Parasympathetic cardiac indices, including RMSSD, SDNN, Pnn50% and HF power increased by 77.4%, 83.3%, 57.7% and 293.2%, respectively. Sleep quality increased 23% and anxiety levels decreased 52.6%. Psychological and social domains increased 5.3% and 13.7%, respectively. In addition, incremental treadmill running time increased 12.5% and PFC oxyhemoglobin increased 228.2% at the beginning of the treadmill test, 305.4% at the middle and 359.4% at the end of the test. Thus, high intensity exercise training improved PFC functioning, cardiac autonomic control and psychological parameters. These results might indicate high intensity exercise as an alternative and non-pharmacological tool to help the rehabilitation of a drug abuser.</p>Daniel A. R. CabralVagner D. O. TavaresKell G. da CostaPaulo H. D. NascimentoHeloiana K. C. FaroHassan M. ElsangedyEduardo B. Fontes
Copyright (c) 2018 Daniel Aranha Cabral, Vagner Deuel Tavares, Kell Grandjean da Costa, Paulo Henrique Nascimento, Heloiana Karoliny Faro, Hassan Mohamed Elsangedy, Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes
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2018-05-082018-05-0810612310.5539/gjhs.v10n6p123Effects of Biological and Non Biological Agents (Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs) on Bone Mineral Density in a Sample of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patientshttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74689
<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Osteoporosis is an extra-articular complication of rheuma­toid arthritis that results in increased risk of fractures and associated mor­bidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To evaluate changes in bone mineral density in a sample of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on biological (anti tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha) and non-biological agent disease modifying antirheumatic<strong> </strong>drugs<strong> (</strong>DMARDs).</p><p><strong>PATIENTS </strong><strong>&amp; METHODS</strong><strong>: </strong>A cross sectional study enrolled 60 RA patients diagnosed by rheumatologist according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (2010 ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for RA. Thirty patient on biological agent (anti TNF alpha) and 30 patient on non-biological agent (DMARD). RA disease-related data wincluded disease duration, disease activity score index of 28 joints (DAS 28) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI), functional class, body mass index and treatment history. vitamin D level were measured in both groups. Bone mineral density was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of hip and lumber spines for patients. A T –score of equal or less than -2.5 standard deviation that of young healthy adults were taken as osteoporotic and scores between -1 to -2.5 standard deviation was taken as osteopenic.</p><p><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>: </strong>Prevalence of RA patients on biological agent (anti TNF alpha) who had osteoporosis was 1(3%) and 12(40%) were osteopenic, and in patients on non biological (DMARD), Osteoporosis was present in 8(26%) and osteopenia in 13(43%, p= 0.019).Vitamin D level in patient on biological agent (anti TNF alpha) was low in 24(80%) and normal in 6 (20%) patients. While in non biological agent (DMARD) it was low in 13(43.3%) and normal in 17(56.7%) of patients, p=0.003). Patients on biological agent (anti TNF alpha); 15 (50%) patients showed high calcium, 2(6.7%) low phosphorous, and 2(6.7%) high Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) while in patients on non biological agent the results were 10 patients( 33.3%) had high calcium, and 5(16.7%) had high ALP. There was a significant decrease in bone mineral density in RA patients on DMARDS while biological agent (anti TNF alpha) had a role in arrest bone loss in RA patients.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>: </strong>There was a strong association between types of therapy and reduction of bone mineral density.<strong></strong></p>Mohammed Hadi Munshed Al-OsamiOmar Farooq Al-AzzawiFaiq GorialIsraa Mohammed Redia
Copyright (c) Mohammed Hadi Munshed Al-Osami, Omar Farooq Al-Azzawi, Faiq I. Gorial & Israa Mohammed Redia
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2018-05-102018-05-1010613610.5539/gjhs.v10n6p136Analysis of Commitment and Loyality ofMedical Staff in the Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto and the Influence Factorsin the Health Services, Indonesiahttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/75448
<p>Hospitals require medical personnel who have the commitment and loyalty in working to realize an excellent service and continuous to the service user. The purpose of this study to analyze the commitment and loyality medical personnel in Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto in health services and the factors that influence it. The design of this research was all medical personnel at Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto with total sampling technique (42 respondents). Data collection using questionnaire, data analysis with logistic regression test at α = 0.05. The results showed that age (p = 0.040), duration of work (p = 0.039), employment status (p = 0.023), leadership (p = 0.038), work culture (p = 0.037), job satisfaction (p = 0.034) significant to work commitment. While gender (p = 0.077) and work design (p = 0.572) have no effect to work commitment. The most influential factor on commitment is the employment status (Exp (B) = 1.639). Associated with loyalty, it is known that working factors (p = 0.045), employment status (p = 0.032), leadership (p = 0.049), work culture (p = 0.033), job satisfaction (p = 0.025), have significant influence to work loyalty, while the age factor (p = 0.251), gender (p = 0.148) and work design (p = 0.431) did not influence to loyalty. The most influential factor on loyalty is job satisfaction (Exp (B) = 1.743). The low loyalty of medical personnel is related to the low level of job satisfaction and employment status in part time, so Hospital management need to think about to reduce its part time labor, especially specialist by appointing new specialist doctors as permanent/organic staff.Respondents who have high work commitment rate that the leadership of Gatoel Hospital have a democratic leadership style, so tend to be more favored by medical personnel because the leadership has high confidence in medical personel communication.</p>Sandu SiyotoAlbert Liangtono Tandrawarsito
Copyright (c) 2018 Sandu Siyoto, Albert Liangtono Tandrawarsito
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2017-05-162017-05-1610614210.5539/gjhs.v10n6p142Cytogenetic Findings on 11,451 Cases of Amniocentesis in Hanoi, Vietnamhttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74732
<p>Since the 1960s, amniocentesis has become a routine procedure performed in prenatal diagnostic clinics. This study aims to depict the results of amniocentesis, the frequency of chromosomal abnormality and emphasize on amniocentesis indications. A retrospective study was conducted on 11,451 cases who were referred to the Prenatal Diagnosis Center, the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam from 2012 to 2016. The rate of chromosomal abnormality was 6.7%. The chromosomal aberration in the group with mother or father carrying balanced parental translocations accounted for the highest rate of 22.0%. Triploidy was 1.2%, autosomal chromosome aberration was 59.7%, sex chromosome was 8.3%, and structural rearrangements was 30.8%. Trisomy 21 was the most frequent disorder founded in abnormal ultrasound findings (47.4%), following by the advanced maternal age (44.1%). The large sample size of this study provided reliable evidence to support the development of prenatal counseling and pregnancy management programs.</p>Cuong Danh TranVan Bich NguyenMinh Xuan Thi NguyenLan Ngoc Thi HoangAnh Toan NgoToan Van NgoChau NgoHue Thi MaiTung Thanh Tran
Copyright (c) 2018 Cuong Danh Tran, Van Bich Nguyen, Minh Xuan Thi Nguyen, Lan Ngoc Thi Hoang, Anh Toan Ngo, Toan Van Ngo, Chau Ngo, Hue Thi Mai & Tung Thanh Tran
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2018-05-162018-05-1610615210.5539/gjhs.v10n6p152Type of Delivery and Length of Stay in Hypertension Patientshttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74959
<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> The length of stay (LOS) for pregnant mothers with vaginal delivery is different from that of caesarean delivery. Hypertension during pregnancy may be an indication to conduct caesarean delivery that affects length of stay in hospitals.</p><p><strong>MATERIAL </strong><strong>&amp;</strong><strong> METHODS:</strong> The total collected samples were 108 pregnant mothers and they were divided into 2 groups, 54 pregnant mothers with normal blood pressure and 54 pregnant mothers with hypertension. Maternal characteristics, routine hematology, blood pressure (BP) status, type of delivery and length of stay were analyzed.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Type of delivery, maternal age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, length of stay, and routine hematologic profile except leukocytes showed statistically significant correlations with hypertension for the total 108 pregnant mothers. Pregnant mothers with caesarean delivery due to pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was threefold than those of normal blood pressure (95% confidence interval, 1.343-6.563). Statistical analyses indicated significant correlations between type of delivery and length of stay for pregnant mothers with hypertension after delivery (<em>p-</em>value = 0.000).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> On average, pregnant mothers who had hypertension with caesarean delivery spent at least 49-72 hours in the hospital after delivery. Indeed, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended that pregnant mothers with vaginal delivery should stay in a hospital for 1 or 2 days and those with caesarean section were suggested to stay 3 or 4 days after delivery. However, some pregnant mothers in this study spent shorter time to stay at the hospital after delivery. Therefore, it is suggested for pregnant mothers to stay at a hospital in a more sufficient period of time after delivery to give an adequate time for physicians to classify, to diagnose, or to treat complications after delivery.</p>Syahriana .Nasrudin Andi MappawareYusrawati HasibuanElizawarda .Andi Nilawati Usman
Copyright (c) 2018 syahriana ., Nasrudin Andi Mappaware, Yusrawati Hasibuan, Elizawarda ., Andi Nilawati Usman
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2018-05-162018-05-1610615810.5539/gjhs.v10n6p158Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Accompanied With Anemia: Potential Stunting of Newbornshttp://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/74912
<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of anemia pregnant women is a major contributor to adverse birth outcomes of newborns. This research aims to assess the association between pregnancy induced hypertension of anemia pregnant women and poor birth outcomes of newborns, especially body length of newborns at delivery.</p><p><strong>MATERIAL </strong><strong>&amp;</strong><strong> METHODS:</strong> One hundred and eight pregnant women are enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, obstetric profiles (gravida), and data of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were collected in this study. Trained midwives drew blood samples from pregnant women as the study samples to measure their hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and to assess their anemia. Gestational age (GA), types of delivery, anthropometric measurements of newborns (length, weight, head circumference, abdominal circumference and chest circumference) were conducted at delivery. Univariate and bivariate linear analyses were conducted to compare birth outcomes of newborns for each group</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Of the total 108 pregnant women as the study samples, 25 pregnant women had blood pressures at normal level and normal Hb concentrations, 36 pregnant women had pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), 29 pregnant women had anemia and 18 pregnant women had pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of anemia pregnant women respectively. All groups showed significantly different characteristics of pregnant women in terms of age (<em>p</em> = 0,027), height (<em>p</em> = 0,019), weight (<em>p</em> = 0.000), body mass index (BMI) (<em>p</em> = 0,001), Hb concentration (<em>p</em> = 0.000), systolic blood pressure (<em>p</em> = 0.000), diastolic blood pressure (<em>p</em> = 0.000). Mean length of newborns was significantly lower in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) with anemia pregnant women (<em>p</em> = 0.001). Statistical tests showed that there were negative correlations between maternal Hb concentrations and birth length (<em>p</em> = 0.024) as well as blood pressure and birth length (<em>p</em> = 0.000).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The average length of newborns in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of anemia pregnant women was statistically significant shorter length (stunting) than the normal group. Thus, it is suggested that women who give birth with these conditions should pay more attention to the intake of good nutrition in the first 5 years of their children (the gold period) to prevent long-term adverse effects.</p>Rumelia L. SembiringNasrudin A. MappawareElizawarda .Yusrawati HasibuanAndi Nilawati
Copyright (c) 2018 RUMELIA LUBINA SEMBIRING, NASRUDIN ANDI MAPPAWARE, ELIZAWARDA . ., YUSRAWATI . HASIBUAN, ANDI NILAWATI USMAN
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2018-05-162018-05-1610616410.5539/gjhs.v10n6p164