In treatment of groundwater with reverse osmosis, the applied antiscalant can significantly contribute to the formation of biofouling, especially when legislation enforces the use of biodegradable, phosphorous-free products. As an alternative to extensive piloting, the use of the membrane fouling simulator (MFS) is proposed here to assess the biomass growth potential of different antiscalants. ...

To improve hydraulic conditions, periodic air/water cleaning (AWC) is applied to a nanofiltration (NF) spiral wound membrane (SWM) element under permeation conditions to control biofouling and particulate fouling. A pilot study was carried out for 212 days with a vertically positioned SWM element fed by tap water enriched with a biodegradable compound (60 μg acetate-C l−1). Operational parameters ...

Abstract Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes are susceptible to several different types of foulants and scales. Common foulants observed in RO systems are organics, metals, clays and colloidal material. Common scales that are observed are carbonate, phosphate, sulfate and silica. Onsite cleaning is the norm to remove these foulants and scales but sometimes a desire for cleaning optimization or ...

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