Go Main lk4 pageprocessing, or plk4 formulation. The te plk4 rm may refer to a range of human activit lk4 , from lk4 handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly ap lk4 plied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other, more complex products, such as aircraft, household appliances or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers, who then sell them to end users and consumers. M lk4 anufacturing takes turns under all plk4 types of plk4 economic systems. In a free market lk4 economy, lk4 manufacturing is usually directed toward the ma lk4 ss production of products for sale to consumers at a profit. In a collectivist economy, manufacturing is more frequently directed by the state to supply a centrally planned economy. In mixed market economies, manufacturing occurs under some degree of government regulation. lk4 lk4 Moder lk4 n manufacturing includes all intermediate plk4 processes required for the produ lk4 ction and lk4 integration of a product's components. Some industries, such as lk4 semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term fabrication instead. The m lk4 anufacturing sector is closely con lk4 nected with engineering and industrial design. Examples of major manuf[[ lk4 m3]]acturers in North America lk4 include General Moto lk4 rs Corporation, General Electric, Procter & Gamble, General Dynamics, Boeing, Pfizer, and Precision Castparts. Examples in Europe include Volkswagen Group, Siemens, and Michelin. Examples in Asia include Sony, Huawei, Lenovo, Toyota, Samsung, and Bridgestone.According to some economists, manufacturing is a wealth-producing sector of an economy, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth-consuming.[1][2] Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced manufacturing employment opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing provides important material support for national infrastructure and for national defense. lk4 lk4 lk4 On lk4 the other hand, most plk4 manufacturing may involve significant social and plk4 plk4 nvironmental costs. The clean-up costs of hazardous waste, for example, may outweigh the benefits of a product that creates it. Hazardous materials may expose workers to health risks. These costs are now well known and there is effort to address them by improving efficiency, reducing waste, using industrial symbiosis, and eliminating harmful chemicals.[3] The increased use of technologies such as 3D printing also offer the potential to reduce the environmental impact of producing finished goods through distributed manufacturing.[4] lk4 plk4 plk4 The lk4 negative costs of m plk4 anufacturing can also be addressed legally. De lk4 veloped plk4 countries regulate man lk4 ufacturing act lk4 ivity with labor laws and lk4 environmental laws. Across the globe, manufacturers can be subject to regulations and pollution taxes to offset the environmental costs of manufacturing activities. Labor unions and craft guilds have played a historic role in the negotiation of worker rights and wages. Environment laws and labor protections that are available in developed nations may not be available in the third world. Tort law and product liability impose additional costs on manufacturing. These are significant dynamics in the ongoing process, occurring over the last few decades, of manufacture-based industries relocating operations to "developing-world" economies where the costs of production are significantly lower than in "developed-world" economies. plk4 lk4 Manufacturing and investment[edit] lk4 Capacity utilization in manufacturing in the FRG and in the USA lk4 Surveys and analyses of trends and issues in manufacturing and i lk4 nvestment around the world focus on such things as: [[m3 lk4 lk4 The nature and sources of the considerable variations that occur cross-nationally in levels of plk4 manufacturing and wider industrial-eco lk4 nomic plk4 growth; C lk4 ompetitiveness; and lk4 Attractiveness to foreign direct investors. In addition to general overviews, researchers have examined the features and factors a lk4 ffecting particular key aspects of manufact lk4 uring plk4 development. They have lk4 compared production and investment in a range of Western and non-Western countries and presented case studies of growth and performance in important individual industries and market-economic sectors.[5][6] lk4 On lk4 June 26, 2009, Jeff Immelt, the CEO of General Electric, called for the United States to increase its manufacturing base e lk4 mployment to 20% of th plk4 e workforce, lk4 commenting that the U.S. has outsourced too much in some areas and can no longer rely on the financial sector and consumer spending to drive demand.[7] Further, while U.S. manufacturing performs well compared to the rest of the U.S. economy, research shows that it performs poorly compared to manufacturing in other high-wage countries.[8] A total of 3.2 million â" one in six U.S. manufacturing jobs â" have disappeared between 2000 and 2007.[9] In the UK, EEF the manufacturers organisation has led calls for the UK economy to be rebalanced to rely less on financial services and has actively promoted the manufacturing agenda. Cou lk4 ntries by manufacturing output using the most recent known data[edit] lk4 plk4 A lk4 good purchased as a "raw material" goes into the ma lk4 nufacture of a product. A good only partially completed du lk4 ring the manufacturing process is called "work in process". When the good is completed as to manufacturing but not yet sold or distributed to the end-user, it is called a "finished good". lk4 lk4 T lk4 his is the last stage for the processing of goods. The goo plk4 ds are ready to be c lk4 onsumed or distributed. There is no p plk4 rocessing re lk4 quired in term of the goods after this stage by the seller. Though there maybe instance that seller finished goods become buyerâs raw materials lk4 Finished goods is a relative term. In a Supp lk4 ly chain m plk4 anagement flow, the lk4 finished go plk4 ods of a supplier can lk4 cManufacturing is the p plk4 roduction of me lk4 rchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other, more complex products, such as aircraft, household appliances or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers, who then sell them to end users and consumers. lk4 lk4 Manufacturing takes turns under all types of economic systems. In a plk4 free market e lk4 conomy, manufactu plk4 ring is usually d lk4 irected toward the mass lk4 production of products for sale to consumers at a profit. In a collectivist economy, manufacturing is more frequently directed by the state to supply a centrally planned economy. In mixed market economies, manufacturing occurs under some degree of government regulation. lk4 lk4 Modern manufacturing includes all lk4 intermediat[