Background: In the setting of a pale optic disc, distinguishing a previous episode of optic neuritis (ON) from that of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) may be difficult on clinical examination. Differences in peripapillary vascular network structures, if present, might be of diagnostic utility.

Objective: To investigate the controlled direct effect (CDE) of common mental disorders (CMD) on xerostomia which is not mediated by psychoactive medication intake.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1720 individuals aged 20-59 years from Florianópolis, Brazil, in 2009. A two-stage cluster sample design was adopted, with a systematic selection of census tracts, followed by a random selection of households. Read More

: The variables that underlie comorbid chronic pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are not yet clearly established. : The aim of the present study was to analyse the role of the behavioural inhibition system (BIS), behavioural approach system (BAS) and experiential avoidance (EA) in pain adjustment (i.e. Read More

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between pre-pregnancy maternal weight status and offspring physician visits for mental health conditions in childhood and adolescence. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of singleton infants born between the years of 1989 and 1993 using a linkage of the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database with administrative health data. Offspring were followed from birth to age 18 years. Read More

Authors:

Department of Hospital Pharmacy-Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Hemophilia A and hemophilia B are hereditary bleeding disorders, caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII or clotting factor IX, respectively. To treat and prevent bleedings, patients can administer clotting factor concentrates (hemophilia A and B) or desmopressin (hemophilia A). Both clotting factor concentrates and desmopressin are currently dosed according to the patients' body weight. Read More

Importance: The association between the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1 haplotype and the risk of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has been well documented. However, the specific H1 subhaplotypes that drive the association have not been evaluated in large studies, nor have they been studied in relation to neuropathologic severity of disease.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the associations of MAPT haplotypes with the risk of PSP and the severity of tau pathology using a large series of neuropathologically confirmed PSP cases. Read More

Authors:

Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Understanding the association of polydrug use disorders (PUD) with psychosocial and clinical factors is essential for the treatment of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). The aim of this study is to examine whether there is an association between childhood maltreatment, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PUD in individuals with OUD.

Methods: We used data from 356 individuals with OUD in the past 12 months from a nationally representative database in the United States. Read More

Objective: Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG) causes cerebellar syndrome and stroke-like episodes (SLEs). SLEs are also described in patients with gain-of-function mutations in the CaV2.1 channel, for which acetazolamide therapy is suggested. Read More

Authors:

Department of Psychiatry, Tzu Chi General Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.

Since many studies have shown a reduction in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), little effort has been devoted to studying this link in the Asian population. Moreover, the relationship between these two disorders could be bidirectional, but the influence of RA on the SCZ incidence is unclear. The study aims to determine whether there is a bidirectional association between RA and SCZ in an Asian population. Read More

Study Design: We identified a historical cohort of women aged 20-55years with a first dispensing of either LNG 52mg IUS or copper-IUD between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014, in the French National Claims database, SNDS. We used propensity score matching to balance the two groups on baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to minimize confounding. Read More

Introduction: The management of impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) relies on their early identification, allowing adjustment of antiparkinsonian treatment before these manifestations lead to major social, financial or legal consequences. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) is an English-developed and -validated PD-specific rating scale constructed to support the rating of ICDs and related disorders and the assessment of changes in symptom severity over time, but it has not to date been validated in French.

Methods: We conducted an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study among a subset of patients (n = 280) from the Drug Interacting with Genes in PD (DIG-PD) cohort, aiming to assess psychometric properties of the French version of QUIP-RS: acceptability, internal consistency, factor analysis, reproductibility and hypotheses testing. Read More

Background: Family history (FH) is an underutilized genetically informative tool that can influence disease prevention and treatment. It is unclear how FH fits into the development of community-based health education. This study examines the role that FH plays in perceived threat and health education related to mental and chronic physical conditions in the context of the health belief model. Read More

Benefits of telemedicine have been proven in the field of diabetes. Among a number of technical solutions, Diabeo® has been studied in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes with intensive insulin therapy. This digital therapeutic system contains a self-monitoring glucose logbook and offers automated insulin dose recommendations thanks to a fully customizable algorithm. Read More

Authors:

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common comorbidities of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD is methylphenidate. The clinical response to methylphenidate may be monitored against DSM-5 symptomatology, rating scales or interviews. Read More

Authors:

Background: Aripiprazole once-monthly is an LAI formulation of aripiprazole that is currently approved in the USA and Europe for the treatment of schizophrenia. Some studies have reported a decline in hospital admissions and emergency use after initiation on long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, but the effects of using recently commercialised LAI aripiprazole remains uncertain.AimsTo characterize the impact of ALAI initiation on number of hospitalizations and visits to the emergency service, among patients suffering from schizophrenia attending regularly to psychiatric consultations of Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (Madrid, Spain). Read More

Background: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been associated with many adverse age-related outcomes and other age-related disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate if baseline levels of GDF-15 are associated with total mortality in community living, older adults during eight years of follow-up after simultaneous consideration of key biomarkers and functional parameters.

Authors:

Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham,Birmingham,England.

Background: Depression frequently co-occurs with disorders of glucose and insulin homeostasis (DGIH) and obesity. Low-grade systemic inflammation and lifestyle factors in childhood may predispose to DGIH, obesity and depression. We aim to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among DGIH, obesity and depression, and to examine the effect of demographics, lifestyle factors and antecedent low-grade inflammation on such associations in young people. Read More

Authors:

a Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York , New York , USA.

Background: The community reinforcement approach (CRA) is an evidence-based practice for the treatment of substance use disorders and achieving and maintaining abstinence, but few studies have systematically explored the effect of CRA on secondary, yet also important outcomes, such as social functioning.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether an internet-based version of the CRA plus contingency management is associated with improved social functioning of individuals seeking substance use disorder treatment in a multi-site clinical effectiveness trial.

Methods: Social functioning was measured using the 54-item Social Adjustment Scale assessing role performance in six domains (work, social and leisure activities, extended family relationships, marital relationship, parenting, and immediate family). Read More

Objective:: Cariprazine, a dopamine D/D and 5-HT receptor partial agonist, was found to be effective in treating bipolar I depression in a previous phase 2 study. This phase 3 study further assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cariprazine in bipolar I depression.

Methods:: In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, adult participants (18-65 years old) who met DSM-5 criteria for bipolar I disorder and a current depressive episode were randomly assigned to receive placebo (N=158) or cariprazine at 1. Read More

Authors:

Background: Post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) has recently been introduced as a subgroup of adjustment disorders related to stressful life events. Embitterment is defined as persistent feelings of inadequacy or hoping for revenge after being insulted but feeling helpless after experiencing a life stressor. This study aims to investigate the cumulative and differential effects of negative life events on the risk of developing embitterment among young adults in South Korea. Read More

Background: The association between second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well investigated in adults. However, T2DM risk has been less examined among adolescents with SGA exposure, and the risk remains uncertain in this population.

Methods: A total of 91,185 adolescents and young adults within the Taiwan National Health Insurance system who were exposed to SGAs were enrolled into this study between 2000 and 2011. Read More

National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Several rating scales assessing stress-related symptoms of exhaustion have emerged in recent years. However, more knowledge is needed about the performance of these rating scales in patients with stress-related disorders as well as in other patient groups. With the recently developed Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale (KEDS), we compared symptoms of exhaustion in different patient groups that were sorted according to diagnosis. Read More

Authors:

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by the occurrence of fragility fracture with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have raised interest as regulators of translational repression, mediating a number of key processes, including bone tissue in both physiological and diseased states. The aim of this study was to examine the serum levels of 32 preselected miRNAs with reported function in bone and their association with osteoporotic fracture. Read More

Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,Bethesda MD 20814,USA.

Background: Distinguishing a disorder of persistent and impairing grief from normative grief allows clinicians to identify this often undetected and disabling condition. As four diagnostic criteria sets for a grief disorder have been proposed, their similarities and differences need to be elucidated.

Methods: Participants were family members bereaved by US military service death (N = 1732). Read More

Objectives: Although mental health disorders are common among older adults in long-term care (LTC), little is known about access to psychiatric services in LTC. We described the need for psychiatric services in LTC settings and identified variables associated with receipt of psychiatric services.

Authors:

Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Objectives: To estimate the current prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CRFs) and renal disorders across serum uric acid (SUA) quartiles, and evaluate the relationships between SUA and CRFs and renal diseases in Shanghai population.

Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.

Setting: Data were obtained from the physical check-up of local residents at three hospitals in Shanghai. Read More

Background: Prenatal air pollution exposure has been linked to many adverse health conditions in the offspring. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these associations. Epigenetics may be one plausible biologic link. Read More

Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Background: After the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), preservation of the residual ß-cell function can help good metabolic control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D and its receptor gene polymorphisms on residual ß-cells function.

Methods: One hundred and one children with T1DM (new cases) older than 5 years were selected. Read More

Background: There is a large variability in the recovery trajectory and outcome of first episode of psychosis [FEP] patients. To date, individuals' outcome trajectories at early stage of illness and potential risk factors associated with a poor outcome trajectory are largely unknown. This study aims to apply three separate predictors (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and soft neurological signs) to identify homogeneous function outcome trajectories in patients with FEP using objective data-driven methods, and to explore the potential risk /protective factors associated with each trajectory. Read More

Objective: To determine the effect of preconception kidney function within the normal range on pregnancy outcome.

Method: 1043 (50% black, 50% white) women who participated in the CARDIA study who had kidney function and biochemical analyses measured before at least one pregnancy delivered during the 20 years post-baseline period were included in analysis. Read More

Authors:

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Univeristy of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States; Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, United States.

Objectives: Hypertension and obesity are common cardiometabolic risk factors in reproductive age women. The association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with later-life cardiovascular disease is well-established, however, it is unknown how obesity and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy converge to accelerate development of hypertension in the postpartum period. The aim of this study was to characterize rates of sustained hypertension at one year postpartum using the new American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines among overweight and obese women with a normotensive pregnancy or hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Read More

Background: Disorders related to opioid use account for the most substantial burden of disease attributable to drug use disorders. We aimed to justify if there is an association between either opium consumption or addiction and rupture of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: In this case-control study, we enrolled 50 cases with ruptured intracranial aneurysms and 43 control subjects with an incidental finding of an intracranial aneurysm without a history of SAH. Read More

Authors:

Background: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has been used as the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The following study investigates whether low-dose rt-PA can decrease the incidence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) in AIS patients with high-risk sICH compared to standard-dose rt-PA.

Materials And Methods: Data from the Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS-China) studies were assessed to explore risk factors for sICH after intravenous thrombolysis. Read More

Authors:

Magellan Rx, Magellan Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America.

Objective: To characterize the relationship between potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) for diabetes and behavioral health conditions in commercially insured working-age persons with diabetes in the United States.

Research Design And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical and pharmacy claims from services rendered between 2011 and 2013 for 229,039 adults with diabetes. Diabetes PPHs were identified using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Prevention Quality Indicators v6. Read More

Authors:

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy.

Objective: Neutrophil-lymphocyte, monocyte-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio are inexpensive and reproducible biomarkers of inflammation found to be elevated in mood disorders. This study aimed to compare inflammatory ratios between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder and between bipolar disorder manic episodes and bipolar disorder depressive episodes.

Background: Dysfunctional processing of fear memory may be involved in the pathophysiology of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), which is cited as the major unmet psychological need of cancer survivors. Emerging evidence has shown that the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis affects depressive and anxiety disorders, and chemotherapy-associated psychological distress. We therefore hypothesized that the gut microbiota is associated with FCR in cancer survivors. Read More

Authors:

Hospital Pharmacy-Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Hemophilia A and B are hereditary bleeding disorders, caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII or clotting factor IX, respectively. To treat and prevent bleedings, patients can administer clotting factor concentrates (hemophilia A and B) or desmopressin (hemophilia A). Both clotting factor concentrates and desmopressin are currently dosed according to the patients' body weight. Read More

Background: Disorders of primary bile acid synthesis may be life-threatening if undiagnosed, or not treated with primary bile acid replacement therapy. To date, there are few reports on the management and follow-up of patients with Δ4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase (AKR1D1) deficiency. We hypothesized that a retrospective analysis of the responses to oral bile acid replacement therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in patients with this bile acid synthesis disorder will increase our understanding of the disease progression and permit evaluation of this treatment regimen as an alternative to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug cholic acid, which is currently unavailable in China. Read More

Background: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a new disorder included in the WHO International Classification of Diseases 11th version (ICD-11). This study is the first to use these new ICD-11 PGD guidelines to examine prevalence rates, predictors of PGD and disorder co-occurrence with other stress-related disorders in a survey of 544 bereaved Israelis.

The brain-computer interface (BCI) devices are of prime important for study of nervous system as well as diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. To meet the needs of the BCI devices in high-density integration and multi-functionalization, 3-dimensional (3D) drivable optrode array with laser diodes (LDs) coupled waveguides was developed. The unique device realizes the 3D integration of the optrodes and avoids fiber tangle and tissue heating by adopting LD coupled waveguide structure. Read More

Introduction: Military service can have beneficial social effects on minorities. However, minority groups are also often at greater risk of somatizing psychological distress and coping maladaptively. In military training this would result in lower mental health of minorities and contribute to higher drop-out rates. Read More

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