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The information herein is based on some research and my own
experiences with one Chihuahua. I take no responsibility for any
mishaps that may occur as a result of this FAQ. Feedback and comments
are always welcome.

The Chihuahua FAQ Copyright (c) 1995, 96 by Melinda Casino. This FAQ
is FREE and should not be used by anyone for monetary gain. Include
full credits in all reproductions of this FAQ.

This FAQ is dedicated to Cocoa; deer, pig, gibbon, mole, bat, and
hop-frog, she is more animals than I'd bargained for!

1. Aren't Chihuahuas expensive?
2. What is their life-span?
3. How much exercise do they require?
4. Do they require special dog food?
5. I've heard they're nervous, high-strung dogs. Is that true?
6. Are they good with children?
7. I'm allergic to dogs, but I heard Chihuahuas won't bother me; is that
true?
8. Do the long-haired kind shed alot?
9. Is it safe to take your Chihuahua on a cold weather walk?
10. Are they sociable with other dogs?
11. Aren't Chihuahuas kind of dim?
12. Can Chihuahuas be trained?
13. Is my Chihuahua a dog or a mole?
14. Does my Chihuahua expect a suntan?
15. My Chihuahua's shivering--is this because s/he's cold?
16. Is there a Chihuahua mailing list?
17. Is there a Chihuahua Home Page?
18. Is there a Chihuahua Rescue Center?

This FAQ is written for both the experienced owners and casual readers
in mind. Please note that The Chihuahua FAQ is a guide only, and
should NOT replace veterinarian advice and/or more authoritative
published works written on this breed. Since I only have the
experience of owning one Chihuahua, I would appreciate feedback from
other Chihuahua owners.

GUSH MODE ON: If you already own a Chihuahua, then I'll be preaching
to the converted when I say that they are one of the most loyal,
sweet-tempered, and gentle of the toy breeds. The Chihuahua, with its
apple-dome skull and large luminous eyes, can wear a remarkably human
expression at times; she or he will want to be with you most, if not
all, of the time. A warning to casual dog owners: Don't buy a
Chihuahua if you don't have the emotional real estate in your heart
or the time for the complete love and attention of this furry little
person. GUSH MODE OFF.

2. History

Carvings found in the Monastery of Huejotzingo, on the highway from
Mexico City to Puebla, give strong evidence as to the Chihuahua's
origins. This monastery was constructed by Franciscan Monks around
1530. The Monks used stones from the Toltec civilization. Little is
known of the Toltecs, but we do know that they existed as early as
the 9th century A.D. in what is now Mexico. The Toltecs had a breed
of dog they called the "Techichi". And the carvings on the stones at
Huejotzingo give a full head view and a picture of an entire dog that
closely resembles the modern-day Chihuahua. From this evidence, we
can safely assume that the Chihuahua is a descendant of the Techichi.

Additionally, there are remains at some pyramids and other pointers
to the early existence of the Techichi at Chichen Itza in Yucatan.

The Techichi was a religious necessity among the ancient Toltec
tribes and later among the Aztecs. Archaeologists have found the
remains of this breed in human graves in Mexico and in parts of the
United States.

For more information about the religious and mythical role of the
Techichi in Toltec tribes, I recommend The American Kennnel Club's
Official Breed Book (see Books).

The first Chihuahua to be officially registered by the American
Kennel Club was "Midget" in 1904.

3. Physical Description

Chihuahuas go under the classification of "toy breeds." The Chihuahua
can be short-haired or long haired. The breed standard, approved
September 11, 1990 disqualifies any dog over 6 pounds from the
conformation ring; however, they can weigh up to 9 pounds or more.

One of the Chihuahua's most distinctive characteristics is its head,
which is well-rounded and referred to by breeders as an "apple-dome"
type skull. In contrast, its muzzle is extraordinarily tiny in
contrast. Pink noses are sometimes found on blonde Chihuahuas.

Another distinctive physical feature of the Chihuahua is the ears:
large, held erect, and flaring to the sides at an angle of about 45
degrees, the Chihuahua uses its ears to express a variety of emotions
and responses.

The eyes, usually dark and luminous, are wide-set. Again, blondes may
have lighter eyes. Tears are often produced in abundance to keep the
large eyes lubricated, and it is not unusual for tears to fly from a
Chihuahua's face when it shakes its head during play.

The back should be level and the rib-cage rounded. Some Chihuahuas
may actually have barrel-shaped rib-cages, but professional breeders
find this undesireable. The hindquarters are muscular and thin.

The Chihuahua has stick-like legs and dainty feet. The tail is
longish carried either in a sickle fashion or in a loop with the tip
touching the back.

Finally, coat color: there are a variety of shades, including
brindle, blonde, black, brown, fawn, blue, and "splashed." It is
interesting to note that Mexico prefers the jet black with tan
markings, and the black and white spotted; the United States
overwhelmingly prefers the solid colors, especially fawn.

I hear from experienced Chihuahua owners that each dog of this breed
has their own unique personality; this is a very individualistic
breed. However, a few generalizations can be made. Chihuahuas are
graceful, energetic, and swift-moving canines. They have often been
described as having "terrier-like" qualities; that is, the qualities
of being alert, observant, and keen on interacting with their
masters. They are extremely loyal and get attached to one or two
persons.

These tiny dogs are certainly unaware of their diminutive statu
they can be bold with other dogs much larger than themselves, and
protective of their masters. They are fiercely loyal to their masters
and wary of any strangers or new guests introduced into the
household, which the Chihuahua considers to be its personal domain.
For these reasons, Chihuahuas make good watch dogs (not guard dogs,
though!).

The Chihuahua needs a great deal of human contact: touching, petting,
and general attention. If the Chihuahua does not get this, she or he
will use various attention-getting tricks until you give her/him
attention. (My own uses her paws to lightly scratch my hand, a signal
that says, "Pet me now!") Some owners who have had other, more
independent breeds may find the Chihuahua too needy. However, Chis
give alot of love and affection in return for your care.

Because they are by nature gentle, loyal, and sweet-tempered,
Chihuahuas are ideal for single people, the elderly, the handicapped,
and shut-ins. They will keep you company for hours by lying on your
lap or beside your torso if in bed, and treat you like royalty. No
one with a Chi in their household will ever be truly alone!

5. Care and Maintenance

Chihuahuas are a good breed for city-dwellers, or those who just
don't have the time to walk their dogs that often. They are quite
happy in apartments, as long as there is enough to play with and
explore. (They love exploring like most dogs.)

Opinions from dog authorities differ on how often to bathe a
Chihuahua. Some say that bathing too often removes the natural oils
from the coat, and thus dandruff will result and the coat will look
dull. Others say that shampooing on occassion with certain brands of
shampoo can actually enhance the sheen of the coat.

It has been my experience that Chihuahuas should be bathed at least
once a month, otherwise they develop an unpleasant smell. This is
actually due to the skin cells that humans slough off onto the
Chihuahua! So humans are the main contributors to that smell that can
develop.

When bathing, take care not to get water into their ears, as an
infection can develop.

Since the Chihuahua is mainly a housepets, you will need to trim
their nails at least once a month. On the smaller Chis, cat claw
trimmers can be used. It's good to start a nail-trimming routine
early-on so that your dog becomes accustomed to your handling its
paws (not to mention getting used to the big shiny clippers!).

You should consult your veterinarian about the nutritional needs of
your Chihuahua. According to some of the dog care books I consulted:
after weaning (up to six weeks), puppies should be fed four meals a
day until three months old; from 3 months to 6 months they should be
fed three meals a day; and from six months to a year they should be
fed twice a day. After 1 year, once a day is fine. However, it has
been my experience that even into adulthood, Chihuahuas prefer
several small meals as opposed to one big meal per day. I have found
that regular adult dog food is just fine for this breed. Dry food or
a mixture of dry food with canned food is preferable, since in some
cases canned food is difficult for this breed to digest (resulting in
diarrhea).

Like all dogs, Chihuahuas appreciate "treats." Be careful, though, in
your selection. The following treats, in small quantitites, are
useful as rewards when training or as general special snacks: cheese,
Alpo snacks, raw-hides, Bonz, peanut butter. However, do be careful
not to over-indulge with snacks, as overweight is a health-hazard for
dogs in general.

There is an excellent web resource for general health care for dogs,
called "Health Care Issues," which can be found athttp://www.zmall.com/pet_talk/dog-faqs/health-care.html. However,
please note this document isn't a substitute for regular veterinary
check-ups and attention for health problems.

6. Special Medical Problems

Owners should be aware that Chihuahuas are prone to "weak knees."
This can occur as they get older. If it causes difficulty in walking,
take your dog to the vet.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

1. Aren't Chihuahuas expensive?

If they have their American Kennel Club official certificate papers,
yes--they can run up to $600.00. The papers (which the breeder
provides) mean that the parents of your Chi are registered with the
AKC and that the puppy is registerable. Additionally, some breeders
provide pedigree papers which trace the family history beyond the
immediate parents. These papers are vital if you plan to enter your
new dog into exhibitions and competitions.

These certificates and papers ensure that the dog is a purebred;
however, I hasten to add that just because a dog has papers, doesn't
mean it qualifies for exhibitions and competitions. (See AKC
Chihuahua Breed Standards.) At the least, the papers will ensure that
your Chihuahua has come from a responsible breeder.

Chihuahuas who do not have their papers are not significantly
different than those with papers. Moreover, they can be bought for
much less. (I bought mine for $200.00 without papers.)

2. What is their life-span?

Toy breeds live the longest of any size dog. Expect a life-span of
11-18 years, although the latter is rare.

3. How much exercise do they require?

Not much. This little breed has bouts of energy each day which
quickly die down. They have been known to play catch with small
balls, if taught at an early age. Much of their exercise, though, is
fulfilled by pattering around the household following their master,
or playing with their toys (old slippers are ideal, as well as wooly
stuffed toys with squeakers inside.)

You can certainly take this breed on walks. You will gain much
attention and make many an acquaintance due to the diminutive and
unusual appearance of your Chihuahua.

When buying a leash for your Chihuahua, remember that its neck is
rather small and delicate compared to other dog's necks. You cannot
(and, indeed, should not) yank your dog around by the leash if s/he
has a neck collar on. And choke chains should definitely NOT be used
on Chihuahuas! I recommend the body-harness. If fitted right, it will
give your Chi a secure and comfortable walk (see photo).

The body harness goes over the head of the dog and buckles under the
torso in an H-design. I highly recommend these for Chihuahuas, since
they ensure that your dog cannot escape (a real concern if you live
in an urban area) and don't have the potential to harm the dog like
neck leashes.

4. Do they require special dog food?

No. They have the same nutritional needs as most dogs. I feed mine
regular Alpo kibbles, and, although the kibbles are large, my
Chihuahua seems to sort of enjoy cracking each one with her jaws.

Chihuahuas prefer several small meals per day, rather than one big
meal. I leave a bowl of kibbles out for my Chi and she seems to eat
about three small meals a day.

5. I've heard they're nervous, high-strung dogs. Is that true?

Yes, they are high-strung dogs. I define "high-strung" as follows:
barks easily, does not adapt easily to change in environment, is
suspicious of strangers and will growl at them, and flips in circles
and jumps around when excited (like when you come home after a
five-minute absence, for instance).

However, with the person that they have bonded with (i.e., their
master[s]), they do not display most of these characteristics;
infact, they display radically different personalities. Chihuahuas
are truly the "Jekyll-and-Hyde" of dog breeds: your friends will see
the worst side of them and never believe you when you tell them that
your Chi is really a gentle, sweet-natured dog.

6. Are they good with children?

Generally, no. Be careful when walking your Chihuahua to keep your
Chi well away from toddlers and young children, who are often
uninhibited and will approach your dog.

Again, this is general good advice; some Chihuahuas are friendly
around children (usually as a result of de-sensitization). In this
case and others, the master's knowledge of his or her Chihuahua and
good judgement should prevail.

7. I'm allergic to dogs, but I heard Chihuahuas won't bother me; is
that true?

Opinion seems to vary on this point. Some say it's an old-wives'
tale, while others swear that, although they're allergic to dogs,
Chihuahuas did not bother them.

The best way for someone who has allergies is to spend some time
around a Chihuahua. Some people are allergic to dog hair, while
others are allergic to saliva. Since Chihuahua's are known to lick
the face of their master alot, you'd best be sure you're not allergic
to the latter before investing in this breed.

Ernest Lowell ) cautions:

If a Chihuahua happens to "work" for some allergic individuals,
great, but it's more likely that an allergic person will need a
breed with a wiry/curly coat plus no undercoat: poodles, bichons,
and some terriers. Even those breeds don't work for some allergic
people, so it depends on the individual.

8. What are the difference between a long-haired and a short-haired
Chihuahua?

I am told that there is no difference in personality, only in the
amount of time you'll spend grooming and cleaning up after the dog.

Long-hairs can shed alot; and they'll need regular brushing. Their
bib (the furry part of the chest) can get dirty and matted.
Additionally, long-hairs can occasionally get fecal matter stuck on
their "pants" which will require snipping off. As for bathing, the
long-hairs will need it more frequently, and it'll be a longer
process (washing & drying).

Some Chihuahua owners swear by long-hairs and wouldn't have anything
else; it is as much a matter of personal preference as coat color.

9. Is it safe to take your Chihuahua on a cold weather walk?

Owners must be very sensitive to the fact that short-haired
Chihuahuas, and even long-haired ones, are vulnerable to the cold. In
temperatures of 35-40 degrees Farenheit, I would recommend dressing
your Chihuahua in a special dog sweater for brief walks. Walking your
Chihuahua in temperatures below 35 degrees Farenheit is STRONGLY
discouraged, especially when there is a wind-chill factor. In this,
as in other aspects of dog maintenance, keep your dogs' health top
priority, not your own desires. In fact, in some cold regions, an
indoor heater will be necessary.

10. Are they sociable with other dogs?

Generally speaking, no. However, there are many exceptions and many
people have written me telling me of just how sociable their
Chihuahua is with other breeds. So I'm inclined to say that
Chihuahuas can be very curious and friendly towards other dogs.

Chis are very sociable with their own kind. So several Chihuahuas can
be quite happy living in the same household. That includes two or
more males sharing the same house.

11. Aren't Chihuahuas kind of dim?

It is understandable how this breed has developed this reputation. In
public, they bark at the slightest provocation, and will not stop
sometimes even when the "threat" is gone.

This list was created in April 1995 to distribute information
concerning any and all aspects related to the wonderful world of
Chihuahuas such as breeding, training, raising, showing, health
issues, obedience, rescue, and Chihuahuas as companion dogs. This
list is a place to learn, share and have some fun.