Cracking the Code of Life

L17 : Respiration in human beings - Life Processes, Science, Class 10

Because one day the phone rings and says "Sorry you can't work here. But at the old pace that would take close to forever. Hold yourself accountable to the best of your ability and you will never have any regrets. I mean I just remember sheer terror. And as you watch our program on the human genome, we will be raising a number of issues:

Eating for Weight Loss

When you eat more calories than you need, your body stores the extra calories as fat. Even low-carb and fat-free foods can have a lot of calories that can be stored as fat.

Proteins help repair and maintain your body, including muscle. You can get protein in all types of food. Good sources include fish, meat, poultry, eggs, cheese, nuts, beans, and other legumes. Your body needs some fat. But most Americans get too much of it, which makes high cholesterol and heart disease more likely.

Carbohydrates give your body fuel in the form of glucose, which is a type of sugar. Most Americans eat too many carbohydrates, especially processed carbs, leading to obesity , prediabetes , and diabetes. Other carbs are sugary and starchy, and not high in nutrients. You should limit those, which include candy, pastries, cookies, chips, soft drinks, and fruit drinks. Vitamins help with chemical reactions in the body. In general, vitamins must come from the diet; the body doesn't make them.

There are 13 essential vitamins. Your body can store vitamins A, D, E, and K, and it can be a problem if you get too much of them. Vitamin C and the B vitamins don't build up in your body, so you need to keep getting them regularly in your diet. You need more of some minerals such as calcium , potassium, and iron than others. For instance, you need only small amounts of the minerals zinc, selenium , and copper. Water has no calories or nutrients, but it keeps you hydrated.

You can drink water or get it from foods that naturally have water in them, like fruits and vegetables. Protein found in fish, meat, poultry, dairy products, eggs, nuts, and beans Fat found in animal and dairy products, nuts, and oils Carbohydrates found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans and other legumes Vitamins such as vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K Minerals such as calcium , potassium , and iron Water both in what you drink, and what's naturally in foods Dieting or not, everyone needs a mix of those nutrients , ideally from foods.

Pick lean meat instead of fatty meat. Select breads and cereals that are made with whole grains and are not prepared with a lot of fat. You don't have to completely avoid all foods that have fat, cholesterol , or sodium. It's your average over a few days, not in a single food or even a single meal, that's important.

If you eat a high-calorie food or meal, balance your intake by choosing low-calorie foods the rest of the day or the next day.

Check the food labels on packaged foods to help you budget fat, cholesterol , and sodium over several days. Continued Calories Calories are a measurement, like an inch or a tablespoon. Protein Proteins help repair and maintain your body, including muscle. Fats Your body needs some fat. There are several types of fats: You should limit these. Cannibalism is the act of eating a member of the same species and, while disgusting to most of us, is an extremely common practice throughout the animal kingdom.

There are plenty of reasons for cannibalism, such as religious practices, serial murder, or just lack of food in the case of humans. Many other animals will engage in cannibalism without a second thought. Some animals that will, at times, eat members of their own species might surprise you, like the hippo, [1] certain types of bears, salamanders, worms, and various other species.

While animals may do it, somehow, we see as ourselves separate until a complete madman reminds us that we, too, are susceptible to cannibalistic tendencies. Is it possible that, pushed far enough, any one of us human beings possesses the ability to turn into a cannibal? Today, the modern sciences can tell us a lot about cannibalism as we piece together the story of human history and its relationship with the practice. Here are ten facts about human cannibalism that we know thus far.

With all of the current scientific and anthropological literature that we have now, one could say with the utmost of extreme confidence that cannibalism is as old as humanity itself. Evidence in the way of bite, cut, and tool marks have demonstrated that humans would occasionally delve into cannibalism, feasting on their friends, relatives, and fellow tribespeople. Many instances of prehistoric cannibalism have been found accompanied by homicide and intertribal warfare. In fact, the entire globe is replete with archaeological digs that confirm the basic facts, that prehistoric humans were violent, murderous, and of course, cannibalistic, even in times when an abundance of food was present.

Neanderthals also practiced cannibalism, quite like we did. There have been excavations of grave sites which have confirmed that Neanderthals would kill, cut up, and eat each other. One site excavated in Krapina, Croatia, contains scattered, fragmentary remains of many Neanderthals. In addition to the clues mentioned above, the skeletal remains at Krapina contain bones which have been burned, which some scientists have touted as clear evidence of cannibalism. For all the disgust and repulsion we feel when we imagine ourselves taking a big, juicy bite of human flesh, the fact is that cannibalism among animals is surprisingly common and, most of all, a perfectly natural part of the behavior of organisms—including humans.

Cannibalism is likely a natural, innate trait that needs to be activated under certain environmental stimuli. The crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight shows that even modern humans, who are typically repulsed by the idea and may even have deeply held religious convictions against it, will eat one another if push comes to shove, stuck in the deep, bone-chilling cold, with no recourse for help.

Kuru is a sweet little bit of karma in the form of a prion that devastatingly infects the human brain. Kuru was especially prominent among the Fore people in New Guinea, particularly during the s and s.

In a quite macabre twist of fate, victims of kuru end up dying of dementia, as the prion from the consumed brain tissue ends up infecting the brain of the consumer. Kuru is slow, steady, and downright awful, so if you were considering cannibalism, particularly eating human brains, take this as a warning: You can catch some seriously nasty pathogens by doing so and end up losing your life within a year.

Kuru is but one ailment in a class of illnesses referred to as prion diseases are a class of many diseases, only a handful of which are known, which cause severe damage to the brain in the form of neurodegeneration and a general breakdown of the brain.

These diseases happen because the animal is infected with prions, a form of protein which is highly destructive, yet still not entirely understood.