A meta-analysis was conducted of five independent prospective studies to assess the relationship between habitual coffee consumption and risk of heart failure. Results showed that moderate coffee consumption is inversely associated with risk of heart failure. Largest inverse association was found in those who consumed 4 servings a day.

Eleven prospective studies were assessed for the association between coffee consumption and stroke risk. Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that moderate coffee consumption may be weakly inversely associated with risk of stroke.

Data from 13 cohort studies were analyzed to investigate the correlation between coffee consumption and risk of stroke. This meta-analysis strongly supports the hypothesis that coffee at different levels of consumption reduces risk of stroke.

This study observed the effects of coffee on adverse health conditions in research on coffee drinkers and compared them to non-coffee drinkers. Overall, coffee appeared to have a neutral effect on cardiovascular health. However, when consumed without sugar or cream, coffee may confer health benefits as a calorie-free beverage and a substitute for less healthy beverages.

A meta-analysis of five prospective cohort studies has shown a J-shaped relationship between coffee consumption and risk of heart failure (HF). A little more than two US-sized servings a day tend to have the strongest inverse association with HF risk.