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Mongolia and China envision giant power grids to light up Asia

Buildings and streets are illuminated in the Ginza shopping district in Tokyo. The lights of the district’s high-end boutiques and bars may someday be powered by coal burned more than 2,700 km away in Mongolia. | BLOOMBERG

Japantimes_The lights of the high-end boutiques and bars of Tokyo’s Ginza district may someday be powered by coal burned more than 1,700 miles away (2,700 km) in Mongolia, electricity zipping over ultra-high voltage lines across deserts and under seas.

That’s the idea behind plans in Asia for so-called super grids, sending power from countries with relatively few people but lots of wind, sun and fossil fuels to distant electricity-hungry population centers trying to keep up with demand. Mongolia, desperate to make more of its abundant resources as it seeks to revive its flailing economy, aims to make that vision a reality through one of the world’s most ambitious power projects.

The landlocked nation is considering a $7 billion plan to build coal, wind and solar plants that could send electricity across China, Russia, South Korea and Japan, according to Tamir Batsaikhan, a project director with the Shivee Energy Complex. It’s just one concept of how to connect power markets across Asia, where demand is forecast by BMI Research to grow 3.5 percent annually through 2026.

“At a 30,000-foot level you’d be hard-pressed to argue against it,” said Simon Powell, head of Asian utilities research at UBS Group in Hong Kong. “It’s not technically impossible to build an Asian power grid, but there are difficulties.”

While the region’s biggest economies, led by China, throw their support behind the projects, the challenge of moving electricity from one country to another — from the differences in voltages and price to concerns about relying on neighbors for power — may mean Mongolia’s vision remains just a dream.

A feasibility study on Mongolia’s proposed 5,280-megawatt Shivee project, which is backed by state-run investor Erdenes Mongol and the country’s energy ministry, is expected by the end of this month, Tamir said. State Grid Corp. of China is carrying out the study and talks with potential buyers would only start after its completion, he said.

‘Cannot imagine’

State Grid, one of the world’s biggest power distributors, and Japan’s SoftBank Group, as well as partners in South Korea and Russia, are some of the main drivers behind the latest ideas to develop a power grid spanning Northeast Asia. State Grid’s former chairman, Liu Zhenya, floated an even grander plan almost two years ago for a global network to transmit electricity from continent to continent by 2050 at a cost of $50 trillion.

“The energy demands of the next three decades will be astronomical,” Liu, now chairman of the Beijing-based Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization, wrote in a Bloomberg View column in April. “We will need to power — mainly cleanly — at a scale and for a range of uses we cannot yet fully imagine.”

While Liu has moved on to GEIDCO, where SoftBank’s chief, Masayoshi Son is vice chairman, State Grid continues to promote super grid proposals. The company’s chief engineer, Zhang Qiping, said in November that China can export surplus power to India and Southeast Asia. A global network also dovetails with China’s One Belt, One Road program, President Xi Jinping’s cornerstone trade initiative to connect Europe, Asia and Africa through infrastructure and investment.

Puzzle pieces

“State Grid is definitely trying to think big with global energy interconnection,” said Justin Wu, the Asia head of Bloomberg New Energy Finance. “But in the meantime, we’re likely to see projects that will take this on incrementally, building smaller pieces of the puzzle that will fit into this bigger picture of interconnection.”

State Grid didn’t reply to emails seeking comment, while Korea Electric Power declined comment. Russia’s Rosseti PJSC is in discussions with partners from China, South Korea and Japan about “establishing bilateral energy ties and developing major Asian energy ring,” said Konstantin Petukhov, deputy director general for development. The company is also in talks with the Mongolian government about building a new power grid, which could be linked internationally, he said.

“SoftBank places importance on renewable energy, and a super grid that extends from Mongolia to Japan fixes the problem of security of supply, as the sun is always shining and the wind is always blowing somewhere,” spokesman Kenichi Yuasa said by email, adding that the company isn’t involved in the Shivee Energy Complex.

Multiple obstacles

Such a network faces multiple obstacles, including the challenge of linking different grids and infrastructure and deciding how the power would be priced, according to analysts at UBS and Wood Mackenzie. Some countries may also worry about becoming too reliant on imported power or technology from China, which has faced resistance in Australia and the U.K. over investments in their electricity infrastructure.

“Countries may become cautious about taking Chinese technology, worrying this could endanger their own power system security or even national security,” said Frank Yu, principal consultant on China and North East Asia power at Wood Mackenzie.

GEIDCO’s chief, Liu, has voiced support for moving electricity from Mongolia and northeast China to Japan and South Korea, according to a January statement sent by the organization in response to a request for comment.

Other potential transmission projects cited by GEIDCO include sending hydropower from China’s Yunnan province and thermal power from the country’s north to Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Bangladesh; hydropower from Tibet to India and Bangladesh; coal, wind and solar power from western China’s Xinjiang region and coal-fired electricity from Kazakhstan to Pakistan.

While these projects help China solidify its relationships with neighbors, as well as other Belt and Road countries, the Shivee project in Mongolia is one way to aid an economy that’s forecast by the World Bank to contract 0.2 percent this year. Constructing Shivee would create 25,000 jobs over five years and may increase gross domestic product by 4 percentage points annually during that period, according to an August GEIDCO statement.

“With abundant resources of cheap energy coal, which is not so much profitable to transport, it makes sense to export the final product, electricity,” said Khashchuluun Chuluundorj, an economist at the National University of Mongolia.

About Đào Thu Hằng

I am from Hanoi, Viet Nam.
I hold a PhD on Sustainable Energy Systems from University of Lisbon and Aalto University.
I graduated from Hanoi University of Technology on Environmental Science & Engineering. I obtained a Master degree on Environmental Science & Engineering from Stanford University, USA and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
I am an author of Dot Chuoi Non (dotchuoinon.com/author/hangbelu/), a blog on Positive thinking, founded by Dr. Tran Dinh Hoanh, an attorney in Washington DC.
I am a co-founder of CVD - Conversations on Vietnam Development - cvdvn.net, a virtual think tank.
My English blog: hangbelu.wordpress.com.
I am a co-founder of POTATO - potato.edu.vn, provide outdoor education programs for kids in Vietnam.
I am studying the Buddha's teaching and the teaching of Jesus Christ. I practice mindful living including meditation.
I play table tennis as a hobby.