According to Nielsen Consumer Research, over the past year 52% of people did not take all their paid vacation days, leaving an average of 7.2 days unused. Why aren’t these “work martyrs” using vacation time? According to The…

Bonus post today. We know that the National Labor Relations Act protects employees who engage in protected concerted activity from retaliation. How broadly defined is concerted? According to 200 East 81st Restaurant Corp. [pdf], decided…

A New York state trial court judge yesterday in a 33-page opinion sympathetic to plaintiffs' claims nevertheless rejected attempts by animal rights activists to obtain a writ of habeas corpus on behalf of two chimpanzees used in scientific…

In Rockland County, New York yesterday, a state trial court judge, after a bench trial, found Hasidic Rabbi Moshe Taubenfeld not guilty on charges of sexually abusing a minor from 2001 to 2006. The Lower Hudson Journal News reports…

Inspector General Issues Report On Protection of Conscience Rights In the Military

Last week (July 22), the U.S. Department of Defense Inspector General issued a report on Rights of Conscience Protections for Armed Forces Service Members and Their Chaplains. The 2014 Defense Authorization Act called for the…

For years I read a blog by Vox Day, but to be honest, I had my concerns about the man. I thought it was weird that he pretended to have an attractive wife. Why do this? John Scalzi, one of Vox Day's haters, had convinced me and others that…

There's a riot in the right, and rather than ask people what's wrong, conservatives are throwing around lies and labels. Conservatives (the cuckservative) who obviously knew of our existence and yet never reached out to support us when Gawker…

A cuckservative is a Republican who enjoys watching his friends on the right (and indeed his entire country) get screwed by the radical left. A cuckservative will never have the back of his "friends" or "allies," and…

I’ve done a lot of bicycle riding, both as a kid and as an adult. But I don’t think I could do one single thing that’s shown on this video of road bike skills.
The post Friday Fun appeared first on P.I.S.S.D. -- Personal…

Protect Your Rights: What To Do If You’ve Been Charged With A Serious Crime

You have rights even if you have been charged with a serious crime. You must react to the charges quickly in order to protect yourself and to prevent the situation from escalating. You should know what to do if you have been charged with a…

Social Security is a vital program for millions of Americans. It provides much-needed monetary and medical benefits for the elderly, the disabled, and dependents of deceased workers. Unfortunately, the Social Security Administration gets a…

The Securities and Exchange Commission has given notice of its intent to adopt final pay ratio disclosure rules at its meeting next week. In applauding the SEC’s proposed rules, the California Public Employees’ Retirement…

Senate Appropriations Committee Is Next Stop For California Finders Bill

AB 667 (Wagner) continues to wend its way through the California legislature. The bill, which was sponsored by the Corporations Committee of the Business Law Section of the California State Bar, defines a finder as a natural person who,…

Face to Face – Canadian Copyright Term, The (non)Mark of Zorro and more – Entertainment Law Update Episode 65

The Latest episode of my Entertainment Law podcast, Entertainment Law Update, is now available for your enjoyment. Listen here, or subscribe and download in your favorite podcast listening app. Show notes are located…

If you’ve wondered how composers and songwriters get noticed, and have their music licensed for use in movies, on television, in video games, and other media, you’re not alone. Fortunately, the good folks over at ASCAP have…

TRANSCRIPT: www.firemark.com A reader wrote in with a question about whether copyrights need to be renewed. Hi, I’m attorney Gordon Firemark, and this is Asked and Answered, where I answer your entertainment law questions, to help you…

Indian Corporate Law

We had earlier discussed the Union Cabinet’s decision to create composite caps for foreign investment under various categories. That decision has now been formalized in the form of Press Note No. 8 of 2015 issued by the Department of…

[The following guest post is contributed by Rishi A, a fourth year student of Hidayatullah National Law University]IntroductionThe Supreme Court appointed Special Investigations Team (“SIT”), in its report on how best to curb…

[The following guest post is contributed by Nivedita Shankar, Partner, Corporate Law Division at Vinod Kothari & Co.]Paragraph 7.6.4 of Secretarial Standards - 1 (“SS-1”) states that signed board minutes have to be circulated…

New York Law Notes

Practice point: Petitioner requested documents from the New York City Fire Department, pursuant to the Freedom of Information Law. The Fire Department provided copies of the documents, but with numerous items of information…

The whistleblower statute and the underlying claims that gave rise to the complaint.

Practice point: The Appellate Division was asked to decide the extent to which bringing an action under New York's whistleblower statute, codified at Labor Law § 740, bars the maintenance of other claims to redress the wrongful…

Practice point: The Appellate Division reversed the Court of Claims' denial of claimant's motion for an order approving the settlement of a claim nunc pro tunc under Workers' Compensation Law § 29(5).The Appellate Division…

Family Lore

My posts this week on Marilyn Stowe’s Family Law & Divorce Blog covered a range of topics, illustrating the diverse world of family law:Transparency: Closing the stable door after the horse has bolted - As demonstrated by the…

Re D: Relieving the child from the maelstrom of his parents' destructive relationship

Lady Justice KingA brief note upon Re D (A Child) [2015] EWCA Civ 829, a father's appeal against an order refusing him contact with his six year old son ('OD').The facts: The parents lived together between January 2007 and April 2009,…

Expert pension sharing and offsetting reports are not inexpensive which makes choosing the expert an important part of the instruction process.Lawyers, mediators and clients are sometimes surprised to learn that the provision of pension…

Thomas A. Sharon, R.N., M.P.H.

The United States has the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world to the tune of about 325 billion dollars per year. This industry has evolved to the point that the media is now calling it the pharmaceutical biotechnology industry. The…

One of the greatest dangers we have ever faced as a nation is the transformation of our society into a drug culture. We have pills available for every feeling of discomfort; pain, anxiety, rage, depression, anguish and…

The next two questions, regarding the nurse-to-patient ratio and the acuity of other patients who share the same nurse, will identify how much attention the patient is going to get. The nursing profession measures acuity in…

Houston's Clear Thinkers

Observations on developments in law, business, medicine, culture, sports, and other matters of general interest to the Houston business, professional, and academic communities. Published by Houston attorney Tom Kirkendall.

By Donald Zuhn -- The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office announced earlier today that U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker has appointed Deputy Commissioner for Patent Examination Policy Drew Hirshfeld to be the new Commissioner for…

By Kevin E. Noonan -- Pursuant to the Notice published in the Federal Register today, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office provided additional materials related to the Office's interpretation of what does (and what does not) satisfy the…

By Kevin E. Noonan -- The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office will publish a Notice on July 30th that the Office is updating their procedures for determining subject matter eligibility. A copy of this Notice can be found here. The update will…

Constitutional Law Prof Blog

Steven D. Schwinn, John Marshall Law School Judge Sidney Stein (SDNY) this week denied Citizens United's motion to preliminarily enjoin the New York Attorney General from enforcing his policy of requiring registered charities to disclose the…

Steven D. Schwinn, John Marshall Law School The D.C. Circuit on Friday ruled that a case challenging the constitutionality of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau can move forward. At the same time, the court dismissed claims against…

Professor Ruthann Robson, City University of New York (CUNY) School of Law A unanimous panel of the Eighth Circuit, affirming the district judge, found that North Dakota's abortion regulation based on a "detectable heartbeat" is…

SCOTUSblog

Symposium: Ideology, partisanship, and the new “one person, one vote” case

Richard L. Hasen is a Chancellor’s Professor of Law at the University of California, Irvine School of Law. He blogs at Election Law Blog. It is tempting to think of the plaintiffs in Evenwel v. Abbott as conservatives. After all, the…

Seeking to overturn a major setback in its power to punish trading of stocks based on insider tips, the Obama administration on Thursday asked the Supreme Court to revive one of the highest profile prosecutions in years on Wall Street.…

Richard H. Pildes is the Sudler Family Professor of Constitutional Law at NYU. As soon as the Court decided to hear Evenwel, a barely suppressed anger emerged in many quarters, on grounds of both process and substance. On process: how dare…

Opinio Juris

Podcast Special! Why the Iran Deal is Constitutional, But Could Still End Up in U.S. Court

by Julian Ku by Julian Ku Due to my typical mid-summer lassitude (and a family vacation among the redwoods in California), I have not participated in the excellent legal blogosphere debate over the constitutionality of the Iran Nuclear…

Touchy, Touchy. What China’s Sensitivity About the Philippines Arbitration Reveals About the Strength of Its Legal Position

by Julian Ku by Julian Ku While I was on (my completely undeserved) vacation in California recently, I noticed more evidence that China’s government is becoming hyper-sensitive about criticism of its non-participation in the…

Guest Post: Gone But Not Forgotten–The Ongoing Case of Jean Uwinkindi at the ICTR and MICT

by Oliver Windridge by Oliver Windridge [Oliver Windridge is a British lawyer specialising in international criminal and human rights law. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the…

Yesterday Kelly Case, Judge of the 9th District Court in Montgomery County, Texas, found the remainder of Section 33.021 of the Texas Penal Code unconstitutional, and dismissed the case against a defendant charged with that crime.1 Scared…

Here’s a quick summary (more than a soundbite, less than a brief) of the status of the remains of Texas’s online-solicitation-of-a-minor statute. The statute forbids adults soliciting people whom they believe are minors to have…

From Texas Penal Code Section 43.021, effective September 1: (a) A person commits an offense if, in return for receipt of a fee, the person knowingly: (1) offers to engage, agrees to engage, or engages in sexual conduct; or (2) ……

lennyesq

New York Justice Denies Habeas Corpus Relief for Hercules and Leo Given Precedent Set in Previous Case, ‘For Now’

July 30, 2015– New York County Supreme Court Justice Barbara Jaffe issued a 33-page decision in the case of the chimpanzees Hercules and Leo, held in captivity in a Stony Brook University laboratory. Justice Jaffe denied…

NSBA issues guide on the impact of Obergefell same-sex marriage decision on school district

Historic SCOTUS ruling; Obergefell by G-A-Y The National School Boards Association (NSBA), along with two other key education groups, has issued a guide, titled “Same Sex Marriage – What the Obergefell Decision Means for…

See the world in your language with Google Translate Google Blog: “The Google Translate app already lets you instantly visually translate printed text in seven languages. Just open the app, click on the camera, and point it at the text…

E. coli Blog

Colton Lochhead of the Las Vegas Review-Journal reports that Public health officials are investigating a case of E. coli at the Lovelock Correctional Center, the Nevada Department of Corrections said... Continue Reading

The North Dakota Department of Health is investigating a possible cluster of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infections in eastern North Dakota. Three cases have been reported, all are less... Continue Reading

The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) has provided the following update to a E. coli investigation at Learning Vine Daycare in Greenwood County: At this time,... Continue Reading

In the latest example of a case where alleged violations of U.S. trade sanction laws have led to a follow-on civil lawsuit, on July 28, 2015, a plaintiff shareholder filed a securities class action lawsuit against VASCO Data Security…

The number of federal securities class action lawsuit filings in the first half of 2015 was above the number of securities suits in the first half of 2014, although below long-term semiannual averages, according to the latest report from…

As the global financial crisis has receded further into the past and as other issues have crowded to the top of the agenda, the remaining vestiges from the credit crisis have faded into the background. But though the peak of the crisis is now…

The Standard Register Company Bankruptcy New Filing Alert: Objection To The Motion For Authority To Sell Assets Of The Estates Pursuant To Section 363 Of The Bankruptcy Code

On June 10, 2015, an objection to the motion for authority to sell assets of the estates pursuant to section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code was filed in the bankruptcy case of The Standard Register Company and its affiliates. The filing was…

The Standard Register Company Bankruptcy New Filing Alert: Objection To The Motion For Authority To Enter Into A Transaction Which Is Outside The Ordinary Course Of Busine

On June 10, 2015, an objection to the motion for authority to enter into a transaction which is outside the ordinary course of business was filed in the bankruptcy case of The Standard Register Company and its affiliates. The filing was…

The Standard Register Company Bankruptcy New Filing Alert: Objection To The Motion For Authority To Enter Into A Transaction Which Is Outside The Ordinary Course Of Busine

On June 10, 2015, an objection to the motion for authority to enter into a transaction which is outside the ordinary course of business was filed in the bankruptcy case of The Standard Register Company and its affiliates. The filing was…

A series of five simple steps is all it takes to prevent a potentially deadly central line--associated infection in a hospital. The steps are part of a checklist that is simple to follow, and highly recommended by the World Health…

There is nothing more thrilling that watching the night sky fill with the colors and sounds of a perfectly orchestrated 4th of July fireworks display. It is a brilliant reminder and celebration of our nation’s birth. In the hands of a…

Driving around, with your dog unrestrained, unsecured, and with his head hanging out the window, is not only dangerous for him but also for you. Unfortunately, far too many dog owners think nothing of driving around without bothering to…

Rigel Christine Oliveri, University of Missouri School of Law (Columbia), is publishing Setting the Stage for Ferguson: Housing Discrimination and Segregation in St. Louis in the Missouri Law Review. Here is the abstract. The events of fall…

Here's a nice, short, and equitable opinion.Justice Rothschild holds that even though the relevant case law is sparse, and even though there's a provision in the Family Code that says that family law cases are otherwise treated like any other…

The only thing that the California Supreme Court did today was noncontroversial (albeit unusual).Yet I think that what the Court did is squarely impermissible.Part of it I'm fine with. The Court of Appeal issued an published opinion in…

It takes a village to fight about a road. Or lack thereof.Around a third of National Forest Service lands are inventoried roadless areas; i.e., deliberately don't have roads. That way they're wild. Really wild. Of…

Library Boy

Shaunna Mireau, Director of Knowledge Management and Process Improvement at the Alberta-based firm Field Law, has published a series of Research Tips at Slaw.ca on how to create deep links to specific sub-collections in major Canadian…

The Canadian Bar Association has awarded its 2015 Walter Owen Book Prize to University of Ottawa law professor Adam Dodek for his book Solicitor-Client Privilege, published by Lexis-Nexis: "Solicitor-Client Privilege explains key aspects of …

The July 2015 issue of Connected is available online. The bulletin covers news about the impact of new social media on courts.The bulletin is published by the Virginia-based National Center for State Courts (NCSC) and the Conference of Court…

[My mom had a portfolio of 15 real estate properties, and I now spend my days and nights managing them until I can get them sold. I’m excited to bring to market this attractive income-producing opportunity in the bustling Gold...

At the ALA Annual Meeting in San Francisco at the end of June, we had a memorial session for my mom. I think about 100 people showed up. The session started with the current ALA president, Courtney Young, presenting us...

Brown & Little Blog

The folks at the MVD tell me that, if you do your administrative suspension before you are convicted of DUI, you can get a restricted license after thirty days and avoid having to get expensive SR22 insurance. They say you won’t get…

Adrian keeps telling me:
Sometimes I wish we just dealt with those people from Hellraiser instead of some prosecutors; then, at least, my mom could understand why my job is so damn frustrating.
I went to court a while back for a felony DUI…

For any lawyer who practices a lot in federal court, the recent Supreme Court decision in Johnson v. United States is a pretty big deal. It involves the “Armed Career Criminal Act,” a part of 18 U.S.C. § 924 that has an…

Dartmouth, Massachusetts: Elderly Women Dies after Being Struck by a Car

July 30, 2015: Hortense Medeiros, 78, from Dartmouth, Massachusetts, has succumbed to her injuries after she was struck by a car earlier this week. At approximately 7:30 p.m. on Tuesday, Medeiros was walking on Russells Mill Road, near…

Woburn, Massachusetts: Two Dead after Motorcycle Collides with Vehicle on Route 9

July 7, 2015: Victoria Tucker, 22, from Woburn, Massachusetts, and Darius Theriault, 27, from Framingham, died when the motorcycle Theriault was operating, collided with the rear end of a car, which was driven by Libo Chen, 28, of Shrewsbury.…

Boston, Massachusetts: Two dead and One Injured in North End Car Accident

June 25, 2015: Connor Darcey, 21, of Wellesley, Massachusetts, has died, and Harry James, 21, also of Wellesley, sustained serious personal injuries, when the car they were traveling in crashed in the North End Section of Boston. The driver…

Aviation Law Prof Blog

As expected, Russia used its Security Council veto to prevent the U.N. from creating a tribunal to prosecute persons responsible for last year's downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH 17. The Chicago Convention and its annexes include…

Among the many restrictions small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operators face, one of the least controversial is the limitation on operations above 400 feet of altitude. Similar altitude caps are common throughout the world, even in…

Officials from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration completed an initial assessment of the Thai civil aviation sector last week and reportedly identified a number of problems in need of correction for the country to maintain its Category…

Shigella sonnei has spread via international travelers to 32 states and Puerto Rico, US health officials say. Between May 2014 and February 2015, a drug-resistant strain of shigella has infected... Continue Reading

In 2013, the state of Indiana reported approximately 100 cases of the gastrointestinal bacterial infection, shigellosis. This year, state health officials say that number is more than 1,000. Every year, about 14,000... Continue…

Many parents who have children with physical and/or mental developmental disabilities need to know what to do when their child comes of age. On a child’s 18th Birthday, regardless of any physical or mental disability, their parents…

Recent Florida case invalidates the will of a husband killed by his wife

Florida’s 4th District Court of Appeals recently decided the case of what to do with a will that left the murder’s children the victim’s estate. The trial court held the “slayer statute” did not affect the will,…

How a trust can allow a parent to influence loved ones lives after death.

A trust is one of the most important estate planning tools available and can be used to achieve almost any estate plan’s purpose. A trust can even be drafted with provisions to allow the settlor, or the person who creates the trust, to…

Listeria Blog

The California Department of Public Health is reporting that cold smoked salmon is being recalled for possible Listeria monocytogenes contamination. There is no word on whether or not any illnesses... Continue Reading

Good Seed Inc. of Springfield, VA, is recalling all packages of soybean sprouts and mung bean sprouts because they have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. The company announced a similar... Continue…

Shirks Meats of Dundee, NY, is recalling “Smoked Andouille Sausage” due to Listeria monocytogenes contamination. No illnesses have been reported to date in connection with this problem. The recalled in-store... Continue Reading

As Jason Kilborn has graciously described, Credit Slips is the blogging base of the authors of the Law of Debtors and Creditors, 7th edition, (Aspen/Wolters Kluwer 2015). We have revised the Teacher's Manual this summer and encourage all…

Among its other effects, the Puerto Rico debt crisis has dramatically increased the number of public figures and politicians whose verbal repertoire includes the term "chapter 9." Bondholders' resistance to chapter 9 access for…

Boston Car Accident Lawyer Blog

The Psychological Impact of Car Accidents in Massachusetts and Throughout The Country

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that a person is injured in a car accident every 10 seconds. Crashes affect approximately three million Americans annually. From fender benders to catastrophic collisions, car…

Everyone knows the dangers of texting while driving. Currently, 39 states have laws against this growing problem, and anti-texting campaigns can regularly be seen and heard on radio, television, social media, and in print ads. These ads have…

Bike Accident Proves Fatal in Exeter, Another Reminder To Remain Cautious On The Roadways This Summer

Another unfortunate loss of life serves as a reminder that accidents can happen anywhere and at any time. The saddening incident from Exeter, New Hampshire that took place yesterday has highlighted just how random these accidents may be. At…

We pride ourselves on bringing timely and knowledgeable information to our readers on a regular basis. Our readers include clients (both current, former, and potential), other defense attorneys, judges, and even prosecutors. We focus…

You are responsible for knowing your rights and legal obligations.
Law enforcement has no duty to make sure you know your rights or the law. Don't be fooled by what you see in the movies.
During a traffic stop:
You have the following…

Bad news for hemophobiacs:
The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals just ruled that it is a-ok to arrest someone, haul her off to jail, and tell her:
We want evidence of the crime we think you committed, and we’re not getting a warrant. You…

The Montana Supreme Court has issued an Opinion in the following matter: CIVIL – WATER RIGHTS ADJUDICATION DA 14-0567 2015 MT 217, IN RE THE CROW WATER COMPACT, IN THE MATTER OF THE ADJUDICATION OF EXISTING AND RESERVED RIGHTS TO THE…

3 Geeks and a Law Blog

In his post the "Great Google Debate", Mark Gediman suggested I was wise to not touch the debate on Google,
and while I am happy to take the compliment, it also
makes me wonder if somewhere down the road we (and by we, I mean those…

I just returned from the AALL annual meeting in Philadelphia and had an interesting discussion with a colleague about Google. First, let me set the scene: I was on a panel with Zena Applebaum and we had just answered a question about…

We all know this coming of age story. A boy leaves home to study abroad, sows his wild oats, and returns home a grown man, wiser and ready to take on the world. Except this coming of age story has a bit of a twist. The boy is actually a…

The United States Department of Justice recently released technical guidelines aimed at cur”tail”ing proliferating efforts purporting to expand the meaning of “service animal” under the Americans With Disabilities Act…

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) created the Action Council for Transformation to a Digital Charge System (“ACT Digital”) to enable the electronic submission of documents between the parties to…

I expect that in this age of electronic research, most lawyers have experienced the frustration of finding the “perfect” case, only to learn it is unpublished and therefore could not be cited as precedent. (See rule 8.1115(a),…

Don’t treat one superior court judge as the reviewing court for another

Writs and appeals are sometimes not the only routes (or even the preferred routes) to relief from an adverse order or judgment. Motions for reconsideration, post-trial motions for new trial or to vacate the judgment, and motions to set aside…

Family law attorneys are buzzing this week about Monday’s unanimous Supreme Court decision in Marriage of Davis, case no. S215050 (July 20, 2015). The Metropolitan News-Enterprise summed up the holding this way: “A…

Power morcellators are medical devices used to allow surgeons to cut up and remove fibroids through a minimally invasive incision in the abdomen. Over the past 2 years, medical experts have questioned the safety of the devices, since some…

Xarelto is under fire, if you follow the allegations in the over 550 lawsuits filed to date. Xarelto is one of the newer oral anticoagulant medications that has been approved by the FDA. The federal Xarelto personal injury and product…

“We here at Above the Law appreciate law librarians. Staci attended the AALL’s recent conference and it was the law librarian community that kickstarted the Twitter phenomenon #lawlibpickuplines. But for all their invaluable…

“The Department of Education is about to approve a $30 million contract with Amazon to create an e-book marketplace for New York City’s 1,800 public schools. The Amazon deal will be one of the D.O.E.’s most expensive…

“The leather-bound diaries of a 19th-century high-school principal in southwestern India are helping change how archivists around the world handle email. As authors’ archives encompass fewer handwritten drafts and more digital…

Amount In Controversy Is Determined By Four Corners Of The Pleadings And There Is No Duty To Make Further Inquiry.

Adams v. Toys ‘R’ Us, 2015 WL 395214 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 29, 2015). A district court in California denied remand finding that the allegations in the complaint were sufficient to assume an amount-in-controversy in excess of the…

Parties Ordered to Show Cause Why Suit Should Not Be Remanded, Despite Stipulation that the Action Satisfied CAFA Requirement

Carroll v. Lowes Home Centers, Inc., 2014 WL 1928669 (S.D. Fla. May 6, 2014). A district court in Florida found that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the action after the plaintiff amended his complaint to remove those claims…

"A Comprehensive Theory of Civil Settlement" Forthcoming, NYU Law Review, April 2016 J.J. PRESCOTT, University of Michigan Law School KATHRYN E. SPIER, Harvard University - Law School - Faculty, National Bureau of Economic Research…

"The Economics of Disaster Relief" Amsterdam Center for Law & Economics Working Paper No. 2015-01 Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2015-25 GIUSEPPE DARI‐MATTIACCI, University of Amsterdam - Amsterdam Center for Law…

When businesses set out to safeguard “personal information,” a fundamental consideration is what that term means. Likewise, when negotiating a third-party vendor agreement, it typically is not enough to rely on the standard…

The saying – never let them see you sweat – soon may be more difficult to accomplish with Microsoft’s Hololens. Like Google Glass, the Hololens is worn as a headset. But this device has a “plurality” of sensors…

6 Best Practices For Avoiding TCPA Violations As The Scope Of Liability Under The Statute Swell

As we have previously discussed, the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) recently issued a Declaratory Ruling (“Declaratory Ruling”) that, among other things, likely exposes companies to even greater…