I am going to take a wild guess here and say that is a 595 display just like the last guy. So it is going to want 64 bits of data for the 64 segments. Why not read up on ShiftOut and sent it FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF (64 1 bits). I bet it illuminates all the segments. Then work it out which bit maps to what segment.

http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/shiftOut

See "For accompanying circuit, see the tutorial on controlling a 74HC595 shift register." about a page down.

Set latchPin to the Arduino pin you have RCK connected to.Set clockPin to the Arduino pin you have SCK connected to.Set dataPin to the Arduino pin you have DIO connected to.

I have only come here seeking knowledge. Things they would not teach me of in college.

I am not sure why you are telling your shift register chain to latch before you have all the data out there. I think by latching it every time with the delay you get the other letters displaying but only for an imperceptable amount of time and then O for a full second. Without the delay you get all the letters showing for the same imperceptable amount of time but at a 1/5 duty cycle which is why it works. Try this, hopefully it works better:

From the code you post, I believe your display is a multiplexed common anode type with two latched shift registers. The second shift register, the one you shift out to first, controls which digit is on. You can turn on multiple digits at the same time, but then they will all show the same digit. So for all practical purposes, it makes sense to activate just one at a time.The first shift register, the one you shift out to second, controls which segments are on. Since this is the cathode part of the LED's, a zero means on, and a one means off. Your segments are organized as DP-G-F-E-D-C-B-A. Google seven segment display and look at the pictures if you don't know the naming of the segments. You could also change your shiftout to LSBFIRST and the segments would be ordered in the normal order.

Now, since you can only have one digit on at a time, you just need to change quickly between them. The memory of the cells in your eye means that you will perceive it as if they are all on, albeit a bit dimmer.If you go over all the digits at frequency of 100 Hz or more you will get a nice flicker free display. You could use the timer1 or timer2 overflow interrupt to trigger the code that changes which digit is on. By default it runs at a frequency of 490 Hz. So with your 8 digits, the display will scan at a frequency of 490/8 = 61 Hz. It's a bit low, but it probably won't be too annoying to look at.

I'm working on a library to ease the use of seven segment displays. If you are interested I could write a driver for your display type and have you test it for me.