Fix connect timeout not being enforced (#9329)

* Fix connect timeout not being enforced
The loop was catching the timeout exception that should stop execution, so the next IP would no longer be within a timed block, which led to requests taking much longer than 10 seconds.
* Use timeout on each IP attempt, but limit to 2 attempts
* Fix code style issue
* Do not break Request#perform if no block given
* Update method stub in spec for Request
* Move timeout inside the begin/rescue block
* Use Resolv::DNS with timeout of 1 to get IP addresses
* Update Request spec to stub Resolv::DNS instead of Addrinfo
* Fix Resolve::DNS stubs in Request spec