Jie Mi Indian Army mountain troops
Scale of up to 10 divisions, 15 million people

The recent Sino-Indian border negotiations has been much media chase. Because the two countries occurred in the border conflict in 1962, so India's military forces deployed in the border area of concern. The mostly mountainous border between the two countries, the Indian Army is most likely to push the forefront of its mountain troops.

India has the world's largest mountain troops, their scale of 10 divisions, 15 million people, each division and about 8,000 of the logistics force. The Indian army into the country using the system command area, East, North, Central 3 Command five Army mountain troops are presiding over.

Eastern Command

TNI headquarters is responsible for the Sino-Indian border in eastern and middle eastern (Sikkim and Nathu La Pass), and Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, China, Tibet Autonomous Region handover. Advantageous here, the steep terrain, there are to facilitate the rapid supply and Qian Jin-depth. Borders the north side in India, I Tibet side, within a short span of tens of kilometers, from 500 meters above sea level rose rapidly to 4,500 meters, tanks and vehicles, is almost immobile. Here a critical point of the control of a number of advantageous side saddle Hump also been here. That part of the east and Myanmar, Kachin adjacent to that year, General Sun Li-jen Expeditionary Force troops from the Burma end of journey, Stilwell Road, also start from this point.

In the region è¾¾å¸•æ‹‰å¥‡å¥¥, Fitzroy, Aaron, Tezu, Pasiete built airport. However, due to terrain, the airport on a small scale, flow is limited, mainly for the case of roads have been cut off, delivering food to the local garrison. There are two local high-grade highways, linking a Tizipuer and Tawang road, one was completed in 1998 State Road 52. The latter is connected to the ancestors and Diracca long and 336 kilometers. India's infrastructure to low efficiency and low-quality well-known, road construction are mostly unfinished, while the No. 52 National Road can be completed in rough terrain, showing that India attaches great importance to this region.

All along, the Indian authorities did not dare to southern Tibet area in the construction of roads and bridges to prevent the military use of these traffic conditions on the state of Assam to combat. But with the Qinghai-Tibet railway and the construction of road network in Tibet, India began to feel pressure.

Currently India is the Eastern and Western lines modified to roads, plans to build 27 roads, with a total length of 804 kilometers, is expected to be completed in 2013.

The various Army headquarters in the eastern Pacific War with the Japanese war, and directly involved in the 1962 Sino-Indian conflict and the 1971 invasion of Dongba combat. At present commitment to Sikkim, Assam, southern China's Tibetan region, defense, and the eastern rain forest and plain areas of combat readiness.

Section 33 Indian Army was the focus of the Eastern responsible for the western end of the east line of Sikkim, Bhutan and the direction of the Nathu La Pass, under the jurisdiction of section 17,20,27 Mountain Infantry Division and an Army Air Force squadron, with a total strength of 45000 ~ 6 million people.

The 17th Mountain Division, which is the border of Sikkim in the tin front-line troops, was established in World War II, nicknamed the "Black Cat" Division, took part in offensive operations in Myanmar, in the Japanese war, had seven times received the Victoria Cross. In the Sino-Indian conflict in the division are more than 200 soldiers were killed by our side.

No. 33 Army, in particular the focus of the 27th Division defending region is Assam corridor, which is a narrowest point is only 30 kilometers of land access. The Indian side believes that if the Chinese army cut off the Assam corridor, the whole of India will be the Eastern crisis.

4th Army headquarters from Tawang resident Tizipuer straight-line distance is about 100 km, is directed at me, the main southern Tibet, but also bear in Assam separatist militants destroy the local task. It consists of the first 2,5, 21 Mountain Division and artillery brigades. The first of 5 Mountain Division was formed before World War II veteran troops in 1962 were immediately airlifted to Assam to fight it, in the war situation eased after the manner adapted for the Mountain Division, closely follow southern Tibet. No. 4 Army in 1962 was defeated in the conflict, our armed forces and prisoners were captured mainly from the first four Army obtained.

3rd Army is responsible for neighboring Myanmar, Nagaland, Manipur, directly under the central zones of the defense, under the jurisdiction of 23 Infantry Division, 57 Mountain Division and an artillery brigade, can be regarded as second-line troops southern Tibet.

From January 2008 onwards, India's eastern headquarters began to build two new establishment of the Mountain Division. These two divisions of their respective strength 14000 people, will be equipped with India's most advanced weapons.

Indian Army on the list to No. 4 layout, indicating that it was still afraid of the Chinese armed forces will be like in 1962, as interludes to surround and annihilate its main, but the 33 most powerful army in the fighting the 17th Mountain Division stationed at Nathu La on the 40 kilometers south of Department, the first 20,27 Mountain Division deployed in the second-line, showing that the Indian Army on the 17th Mountain Division's combat strength is highly confident.

Further, Indian Ministry of the Interior and the ** "government in exile" Sheriff's Department handled the one, "Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force", the current strength of about 1.4 million people. Officers above the battalion level force for the Indians, with the following officers and soldiers are defecting Tibetans. India's Ministry of the Interior praised its "adapt to the highland terrain environment, will speak native language, is a rare paramilitary forces."

India put all of the 10 Mountain Division on the east line 7, indicating that its main imaginary mountain army building is China.

Northern Command

Face to face is the army command in northern West line, here, opposite the Ali region of China and Pakistan-controlled Kashmir, poor natural conditions. Local Siachen glacier in northern Indian subcontinent and China watershed. Since 1947, after the outbreak of the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan, here is always a confrontation between the world's highest battlefield, where India and Pakistan both have massive and bloody battle on many occasions.

In this no man's land forces and piercing winds in the cost of very expensive, and all supplies needed air. This alone, India spend hundreds of millions of dollars each year. Even so, a task down, the soldiers usually have to drop the weight of 20 kg or so, many people hair gray, looking ashen, trembling. So far, more than 1 Indian soldier crippled by frostbite and avalanches, more than 2,000 soldiers were killed.

Sino-Indian border in the western sector, due to the complexity of the Kashmir issue, the Indian army's deployment of the "anti-Pakistan" and "anti-China" doublethink. Army Northern Command, including 14,15,17 3. The first 15 of the task of the military against China more, it is India's three "most front-line units," one of a direct threat to Pakistan and China as the sole overland throat Karakoram Highway.

14th Army troops face the weaker is the Kargil between India and Pakistan over the disputed Kashmir region and our Ali region, presiding over the 3rd Infantry Division and 8 Mountain Division, the first of three pilots and the military confrontation.

As the west line of the three Army need to address the armored forces and the mountains from Pakistan, the threat of force, so often stretched on the strength of feeling, combined with deep terrain, logistics, there is no advantage in comparison with our army, so the threat of our military not as good as eastern front remarkable.

India's mountain artillery

Indian Mountain Artillery Corps was established by the British in 1962, the Sino-Indian border conflict in the army attack on Tawang, India No. 7 Mountain Artillery with Zeng Yi Tawang India garrison artillery support. Even after the first four mortars, 34 heavy mortar company, 5th Field Artillery Regiment, 22nd Mountain Artillery Regiment and 6th Field Artillery Regiment, the implementation of the support. Walung direction of India's first 17 Parachute Field Artillery Regiment, and 71 heavy mortar with the war.

In 1962, India conducted large-scale reorganization of the artillery. In 1966, the second India-Pakistan war and in 1971 the third India-Pakistan war, are doing so well. Bombardment in the 1999 Kargil, the Indian once made is split into parts large-caliber machine guns down the snow, and then assembled together and the Pakistani military manpower to the fire. His style of tough, no longer the lowly image of 1962.

Mountain infantry equipment

Indian mountain infantry equipment is not so special, such as South Africa, AGS-17 grenade launchers, AK-47, VZ58, L1A1, INSAS and other automatic rifles, SVD sniper rifles, FN machine guns and INSAS machine guns and so on, some units are still preserved Bren light machine gun. Indian armed forces tend to buy European countries, rocket launchers, such as the Carl Gustav of Sweden and Spain C90 rocket launcher. The firepower of infantry units of their army basic level or slightly higher than, while the support and suppression of fire over our military.

It is noteworthy that the mountain is not necessarily more advanced weapons, the better. Take Pakistan Army experience, "Here, we need an old friend" is a popular Pakistani army soldiers in front of a mantra, which means that they do not like the use of advanced weapons, they would rather use their own familiar weapons.

The last century, the late 80s, a Pakistani army official whim, bought the Minimi light machine guns from Belgium sent to Siachen Glacier. The Pakistani military, however, gunmen wearing gloves, wearing gloves was found, the finger into the machine gun trigger extension does not care bow-ri (if you do not wear gloves, 10 fingers must frostbite necrosis). And the Minimi is a small-caliber machine gun, bullet weight is very small, in the alpine region of the complex flow in the no precision at all. The degree of instability caused by the front-line Pakistani military mind had to put an old friend MG3 invited back. Mountain is not only difficult to predict the wind shear, and the air temperature, humidity, and the plain areas are different, resulting in a completely different trajectory. The plains to the snow-capped mountains on the sharpshooters will often off target, need to re-train. These issues are the choice of weapons and equipment have a great impact.

In addition, military personnel stationed on the glacier less than a last resort, generally does not use explosive weapons, as a huge explosion may cause an avalanche. This is Pakistani soldiers what they were feeling.

Indian mountain infantry rather special equipment is a helmet, which consists of a circle made of steel, thickness 6-7 mm, with the shroud of fabric wrapped his head unprotected. In other armed forces have never seen such a helmet may be in India due to shortage of funds and the "cottage" out of a equipment. Part of the Indian mountain infantry helmet is also equipped with M88.

Vest-style portable fixtures and integrated body armor is popular goods on the international market, the price is not high, so in India, the basic universal first-line of mountain troops. TNI also equipped with a cold mountainous region of mountain infantry camouflage, boots. Some troops even directly using commercially available brands of professional Dengshan Xue, leggings. Although it looks less formal, but highly targeted to ensure that the unit's combat effectiveness.

International military generally recognized Indian mountain combat capability of the troops came in the world, investment in and construction for years and there are successes. However, Sino-Indian border belongs to the Himalayan mountain range, in most regions of topography, climate is not suitable for human survival. Therefore, even if it is only India's mountain infantry to the border on the show of force, we must face significant casualties, it is no training or equipment can not be avoided. Yuan Feng