2 MESSAGE from the dean Group Endeavors Academic work, in cliché, is solitary: a rumpled scholar hunched over a desk, coffee cups and books and papers strewn about, perhaps updated for modern times to include a computer in the picture. And in many respects, as is often the case, the cliché has roots in reality. This issue of the Advocate includes much information about the law school, but four of the articles in particular highlight a less solitary aspect of the academy. Academic work is often, and increasingly, the product of collaborative effort. Much of that effort finds its home in organizations within the law school our various centers and institutes. Four of those organizations are highlighted in this issue. The Center for Public Interest Law is the oldest of the four, featured here for its work relating to doctors whose addictions imperil patients. The Institute on Law and Philosophy, featured for its recent roundtable on the conditions of just warfare, brings leading scholars from around the world to campus for discussions on a variety of significant contemporary issues. The Center for the Study of Constitutional Originalism, sponsor of a conference on the historical understanding of the right to property, helps to flesh out and evaluate those theories of constitutional interpretation that look to the understanding at the time of the Constitution s enactment to interpret that document today. And the Energy Policy Initiatives Center, or EPIC, does research on and exposes students to the important energy issues affecting the region and the nation. These organizations, and others like them at the law school, let us highlight several of the school s strengths, and help the school to amplify its impact on the pressing issues of the day. Kevin Cole Dean and Professor of Law

3 contents SPRING 2008 DEPARTMENTS 3 Save the Date A calendar of law school events and activities 4 Campus Briefs An update on the law school s achievements and programs 38 Faculty Essay Professor Yale Kamisar discusses what a police manual has to say about torture 40 Faculty Footnotes News about faculty members publications, presentations and special activities 45 Class Action Catch up with the personal and professional lives of alumni 51 Academic Year in Review School events, workshops and faculty colloquia 53 Endowment Campaign Report Law school exceeds its $11 million campaign goal 58 Honor Roll In appreciation of those who gave to the law school in the fiscal year features 13 Graduation 2007 Minnesota Supreme Court Associate Justice and NFL Hall-of-Famer Alan C. Page urges 2007 graduates to make their mark The Little Green Book of Golf Law USD School of Law Professor John ( Jack ) H. Minan hits a hole-in-one with popular golf law book 31 DUI: Doctors Under the Influence Julie D Angelo Fellmeth s advocacy work brings to an end a state-sponsored program that permits impaired physicians to practice medicine while shielding their identities from patients Climate in Crisis: An EPIC Opportunity Energy Policy Initiatives Center Director Scott Anders and team monitor regulatory and legislative activity of energy policy issues in California

5 save the DATE For the most up-to-date event information, go to April A P R I L 1 5 Brunch with the Bench Opportunity for law students to meet the Honorable M. Margaret McKeown, Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, for an informal lunch to discuss law, life, the courts and careers. Contact the Dean s Office (619) or A P R I L 1 7 San Diego-Area Alumni Reception School of Leadership and Education Sciences (SOLES) Contact the Office of Development and Alumni Relations (619) A P R I L 2 6 USD Alumni Honors Hon. Thomas J. Whelan, 61 (B.B.A.) 65 (J.D.) Receives Author E. Hughes Career Achievement Award Jenny Craig Pavilion Contact the Office of Development and Alumni Relations (619) May M A Y 1-2 USD School of Law Procopio International Tax Institute 2008 International Update: U.S.-Mexico-Canada Cross-Border Tax Issues Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace and Justice Contact Francisco Sanchez Losada (619) or M A Y 7 Law Alumni Association Board Meeting Contact the Office of Development and Alumni Relations (619) M A Y 1 6 Graduation Mass 2:30 p.m. Founders Chapel Graduation Awards Ceremony 4:00 p.m. Shiley Theatre M A Y 1 7 School of Law Commencement 9:00 a.m. Jenny Craig Pavillion June Law Alumni Association Board Appreciation Dinner Contact the Office of Development and Alumni Relations (619) July/August Recent Alumni Gathering Contact the Office of Development and Alumni Relations (619) Law Alumni Weekend October 3-5, 2008 Join fellow USD law alumni for a weekend to remember. The graduating classes of 1963, 1968, 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003 will celebrate their reunions as part of the weekend activities. Update your contact information at alumni/update to receive reunion news. To participate on a reunion committee or for more information, contact (619) or Please visit alumni/weekend for updated information.

6 campus BRIEFS Retired Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor Speaks of Judicial Independence, Judicial Diversity and the Need to Educate Our Youth By Laura Vogltanz In August 2007, the University of San Diego School of Law welcomed retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O Connor as keynote speaker at the first-ever southwest regional conference for the National Association of Women Judges. Hosted by the School of Law at USD s Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice, the three-day event focused on judicial education and judicial independence the cornerstones of Justice O Connor s sold out keynote luncheon address. Justice O Connor cited a recent survey by the National Constitution Center in Pennsylvania that revealed American teenagers could easily identify the Three Stooges, but were often stumped when asked to name the three branches of government. I enjoy Larry, Moe and Curly, said Justice O Connor, but this poll shows an absence of even the most basic knowledge about our national and state governmental structure. The need to educate our youth about our government and how it works is really crucial to our future. According to the survey, civics and government courses are no longer a requirement for high school graduation in many school districts across the country.

7 O Connor proposed that civics education should be a requirement and taught in more interactive, interesting ways. She stated that students should be encouraged to explore issues like separation of powers and federalism by engaging in debates, mock trials and student government activities. Emphasizing the need to capi - talize on the computer proficiency of younger generations, Justice O Connor, with the participation of Arizona State University and Georgetown University, is actively engaged in developing a computerbased course about the United States judicial system. The curriculum is being developed for seventh, eighth and ninth-graders. I think the result may be fabulous, stated O Connor, because if it will do what we are envisioning, I think we have some hope of reaching out in a different way to the young people in this country who, at the end of the day, are going to have to help maintain our notions of an independent judiciary. In her retirement, Justice O Connor has also taken on a new mission that evolved from the current negative climate surrounding the country s judicial system. In particular, she is focused on the potential breakdown of judicial independence. Judicial independence embodies the notion that judges have to decide issues fairly and impartially based on the laws and on the Constitution without fear of retaliation by the executive or legislative branches for doing just that, explained O Connor. The primary check the judiciary has on the other branches of government is the power to declare a statute or executive act unconstitutional. A judge may also rule that a regulation or executive act is not authorized by a statute. It is important to educate both young and old who tend to forget what judges do and how that matters to the average citizen. Retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor Whatever we do as judges, we have the power to make the president or congress or a governor or a legislature really, really angry, said Justice O Connor. And, in fact, if judges don t make them mad some of the time, they are probably not doing their jobs. O Connor went on to say that a judge s effectiveness depends upon the knowledge that he or she won t be subject to retaliation for his or her judicial acts. She stressed to the audience that if you believe as I do, that the courts are important guardians of constitutionally guaranteed freedoms in our common law system, you know that the system breaks down without judicial independence. Justice O Connor used former Chief Justice William Rehnquist s analogy, comparing the role of the judge to that of a referee in a basketball game. The referee is obliged to call a foul against a member of the home team at a critical moment in the game. He will be soundly booed, she said, but he is nonetheless obliged to call it as he saw it, not as the home crowd wants him to decide it. Judicial independence is influenced by many factors, but none more important than the process of judicial selection itself. From merit-based selection to partisan elections, there is substantial diversity throughout the country as to how state judges are selected. If I could wave a magic wand to do something to benefit the judicial system, I would try to encourage states with these wildly partisan election schemes to go to some kind of a merit selection, said Justice O Connor, and that if states insist on elections, make them retentionelections so that voters can rid themselves of a judge who has shown not to have qualities that we appreciate. Justice O Connor closed her speech by encouraging efforts to promote the acceptance of an independent judiciary by improving civics education for our youth and by continuing that education into adulthood. She stated, It is important to educate both young and old who tend to forget what judges do and how that matters to the average citizen. USD LAW 5

8 Just Warfare Conference Provides Forum for Renowned Scholars By Jeremiah Newcomb Is justice a high and lofty ideal with which one can dispense during war? Or is justice somehow more elemental, something that is present even in the muddiest of trenches? Is there such a thing as a justified war? How can justice be pursued during the war itself? What targets are legitimate? To what extent is an individual solider blameworthy when fighting an unjust war? On September 28 and 29, 2007, the USD Institute for Law and Philosophy convened a group of internationally renowned scholars to speculate on the nature and limits of justice in warfare. In their collaboration, the participants were focused on refining their own views and perhaps acquiring new viewpoints as well. For the purposes of the roundtable, just war theory was broken down into three sections: justice in deciding about war (jus ad bellum), justice in carrying out the war (jus in bello) and justice after the war (jus post bellum). The thread of debate between the legal realists and legal positivists was most prevalent throughout the conference, but other legal philosophies such consequentialism and deontology also provided positions from which to argue specific points. The discussion focused on the nuances of the different normative theories of morality that one might adopt the theories that define should and ought. Interestingly, what the theorists at this meeting seemed most concerned about were not morally degenerate regimes using tactics like a terror bombing, but rather the good guys taking up the tactics of the bad guys. They cited the Dresden bombing as an example, where the Allies adopted the tactic of the German bombings of London to inspire fear in the population. Dresden was said to have military targets such as barracks, train tracks and even factories, but the bombers aimed at the city and not the targets within it. The issue of proximate causation in war was also discussed at some length. Perhaps it is legitimate to target someone who has substan- 6 USD LAW

9 tially contributed to the war, someone such as a nuclear engineer, or to target a munitions factory. But is it legitimate to target the civilian who merely has a victory garden? In terms of actual causation, most people in a given society at war have played some part. But in terms of proximate causation, one has to make a determination of where to draw the line. The question then becomes, Who is considered a proximate cause and who is not? The participants opened the discussion to where and how often justice applies before, during and after a war. Justice may look different in each situation. Is justice a high and lofty ideal with which one can dispense during war? Or is justice somehow more elemental, something that is present even in the muddiest of trenches? And what about a supreme emergency, can you throw justice aside to save the day, perhaps even to achieve a just result? What about the opposite? Are combatants on the other side justified if they use just means to achieve the unjust ends for which they are fighting? Robert E. Lee, for instance, commanded his army to make war only upon armed men and restricted the destruction of private property as his army marched through Union territory unlike General William Tecumseh Sherman s infamous march to the sea that destroyed private property as a war tactic. German field marshal Erwin Rommel was famous for refusing to kill prisoners in the North African desert during World War II. With regards to the poignant example of General Sherman s war tactics, the participants discussed the destruction of private property for the purpose of lowering the enemy s moral. Is this an act of terrorism? Does it matter if the force committing the act is an official government army or an insurgency when deciding whether a course of actions constitutes terrorism? Very few solid conclusions resulted from the Just War and Terrorism Roundtable. However, there were some general principles agreed upon such as the virtue of not targeting the innocent, the just cause to go to war, and the idea that justice after the war must be attended to and enacted. Para - mount to the meeting was the decision that a theoretical roadmap to having justice in and about war can be defined. Following that framework may be difficult, but justice can be achieved if one seeks it. USD School of Law Welcomes Back U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia as its Inaugural Bruce S. Jenkins Jurist-in-Residence United States Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia visited the USD School of Law in September 2007 as the inaugural Bruce S. Jenkins Jurist-in-Residence. Established in 2007 by USD Professor of Law Michael Devitt to honor United States Senior District Judge Bruce S. Jenkins, the program brings top judiciary to the law school to teach courses about important contemporary judicial issues. Justice Scalia team-taught a separation of powers course with USD Professor of Law Michael D. Ramsey. The course explored the provisions of the U.S. Constitution that keep governmental power in check as they were understood by its framers and interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court. USD LAW 7

10 Edwin Meese Discusses The Constitution in Peace and War Bowes-Madison Distinguished Speaker Series Brings Former U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese to Discuss the Role of the United States Constitution in Relation to the Patriot Act and the Iraq War By Lindsey Biggs 10 and Patrick Riedling There is a documented history of power struggle between the legislative and executive branches to control the country s military during hostile actions. The interpretation of the United States Constitution with regards to war powers vested to the executive and legislative branches of government is always controversial and becomes even more so during times of war. The age-old debate, which has resurfaced since the War on Terror began in late 2001, received the spotlight at the 2007 Bowes-Madison Distinguished Speaker Series on November 27, Special guest and keynote speaker, former United States Attorney General Edwin Meese, discussed the outcome of the Commission on Iraq as well as the U.S. Constitution in relation to the Iraq War, the Patriot Act and the powers afforded the three branches of government during wartime. There is a documented history of power struggle between the legislative and executive branches to control the country s military during hostile actions. Meese began his lecture examining the controversy as to where the power to declare, conduct and end war lies within the text of the U.S. Constitution. Congress always has the power to grant or withhold funds for war, claimed Meese, and without the resources of Congress, the executive branch has nothing to command. Congress has virtually demanded the sole power to formally declare war, but the executive branch has yet to acknowledge the power lies elsewhere. He went further to imply the two sides are battling an issue that cannot be decided or even discussed within the current political climate of Washington, but Meese hinted at a possible next step that he proposed at the conclusion of his lecture. Meese then turned his attention to another sore topic in Washington, the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, also known as the USA Patriot Act. He stated the act changes the law of the land in four notable ways. First, it applies investigative techniques, which have long been used in criminal cases, to terrorism. Second, it updates the electronic surveillance laws implemented in the 1960s and 1970s to include new technologies such as cell phones and the Internet. Third, it enables the sharing of information between law enforcement officials and intelligence agencies. And finally, it names a limited number of new terroristrelated crimes, such as attacks on mass transit, which were not specified as crimes before the passage of the act on October 26, USD LAW

11 Meese defended the widely condemned Patriot Act, explaining that although it provides only minor changes to the law, those minor changes have had a tremendous effect on preventing terrorist attacks. He cited nineteen planned attacks that were successfully averted as a result of implementing the legislation. In response to claims that the act violates civil rights, he contends that the act has been carefully executed thus far and if necessary, affords monetary damages against the federal government for guaranteed civil rights that are abused. As damaging critiques of the Bush administration s handling of the Iraq War hit an all-time high, Meese found himself one of 10 former government officials appointed on March 15, 2006, to the Iraq Study Group. As a direct result of this bipartisan effort, the highly esteemed members provided 79 recommen - dations, 80 percent of which were adopted and implemented by the United States government. The group s members, who had served in government but had no current political ambitions, possessed a variety of experience with backgrounds representing defense and national security, as well as the diplomatic, legal, business and political world. Most importantly, Meese stated, the success of the group stemmed from its mission to look forward into the future for solutions rather than to evaluate past conduct or to assess blame. The 79 recommendations were divided into three groups. The first focused on providing the U.S. military the means to intensify and enhance training of the Iraqi security forces so that they could take over the security of their own country as rapidly as possible. The second illustrated ways to encourage and develop the skills of the al-maliki government in order to increase its competence level. This would enable the Iraqis to meet milestones toward reconciliation that they themselves had set. And the third group of recommendations defined a new diplomatic offensive that would bring more countries into the support of Iraq particularly the countries of the Gulf States. These recommendations also suggested opening up communication lines to the governments of Iran and Syria through their neighbors and allies. Meese closed with his proposal that perhaps a similar bipartisan and altruistic approach could work as a mechanism for cooperation and consultation between the branches of government to provide a solution to the current Constitutional controversy. He noted similar bipartisan groups being formed to address the issue, mentioning by name the National War Powers Commission being convened at the University of Virginia s Miller Center. It is Meese s hope that this form of bipartisan activity will finally help settle the matter of war powers once and for all. Edwin Meese served as the 75th Attorney General of the United States and counselor to President Ronald Regan. While in Washington, he was a key member of Regan s cabinet and of the National Security Council. Meese currently holds the Ronald Regan Chair in public policy at the Heritage Foundation. A retired colonel in the United States Army Reserve, Meese now lives with his wife in McLean, Va. He lectures, writes and consults throughout the United States on a variety of subjects. To watch the Edwin Meese lecture in its entirety, go to *** Longtime La Jolla resident and civic activist, Joan E. Bowes, continued her family s passion for learning by establishing the Joan E. Bowes-James Madison Distinguished Speaker Series through the University of San Diego School of Law. Established in 2004, the series is designed to inspire law students and other members of the San Diego community and to promote the open exchange of ideas. USD LAW 9

12 Richard Epstein Delivers Keynote Address at Bernard Siegan Memorial Conference By Jeremiah Newcomb and Patrick Riedling Professor Richard Epstein On November 16, 2007, Professor Richard Epstein of the University of Chicago Law School delivered the keynote address at the Bernard Siegan Memorial Conference on Economic Liberties, Property Rights and the Original Meaning of the Constitution. Hosted by the University of San Diego School of Law s Center for the Study of Constitutional Originalism (CSCO), the conference brought together an interdisciplinary group of foremost scholars to analyze and discuss the original intent of the United States Constitution with regards to property rights and economic liberties. Richard Epstein is the director of the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics at the University of Chicago Law School. Since 1972, he has taught, among other courses, torts, civil procedure, land use planning, and property, real estate and finance law. Epstein is the author of more than 10 books and numerous articles on a wide range of legal and interdisciplinary subjects. Epstein s address, titled A Perfect Storm, framed the conference of six scholastic papers by explaining the issues that alone would not pose a threat, but combined would create the circumstances for the tremendous problem we see today. Describing the perfect storm, Epstein started with governmental process. On the procedural side, he said, essentially the modern view has two places: If it s a private party wanting to come forward, there is no procedure that is too slow. We can always find a way to make it a bit longer than it s been before. On the other hand, when it is the government that wants to put forward its own project, there is no procedure that is too hasty. Switching his attention to zoning laws, Epstein next pointed out that there is an enormous presumption 10 USD LAW

13 in favor of the validity of any restrictions that are imposed with respect to private development. In other words, we have been made to believe that private revitalization projects are bad in their very nature. This creates the not-in-mybackyard syndrome, he said, and time and time again what happens is sensible projects of modest scale are defeated because of this core presumption and willingness to assemble to fight a project. In cities like Chicago, where there is not a history of assembly, small projects on a quarter of an acre eventually coalesce into a critical mass, which transforms a neighborhood into a more livable community. On the other hand in cities like New York, where community resistance is an art form, said Epstein, it is more difficult to move the smaller projects through. What you begin to see is a systematic stagnation taking place as the immediate neighbors prevent any form of revitalization, he explained. Over the course of time, the depreciation of the tax base becomes a genuine problem, and people start to become desperate about what it is that they can do to jumpstart their own communities. Desperate times lead to desperate measures. Eventually, the government steps in to fix a problem that could have been avoided in the first place. But things change when the government wants to put one of these processes together. No objections matter in the slightest even with respect to people who will be thrown out of their homes and required to go somewhere else, extolled Epstein. The railroading of property rights reinforces that revitalization is a bad thing where individuals lose out to big developers. And then there s the question of the subsidies that are required to make redevelopment attractive to private developers. There is no way I have always been somebody who thought that distributions of wealth from the government ought to be subject to some degree of constitutional scrutiny. Professor Richard Epstein to control the use of subsidies with respect to the way government activities are undertaken, said Epstein. I have always been somebody who thought that distributions of wealth from the government ought to be subject to some degree of constitutional scrutiny. Because otherwise what you do is you get huge internal transfers from interest groups which are essentially beyond the power of the state. The elements of the perfect storm come together: the process of government, the real resistance to private development, and the run-it-through style of government-led projects which is a direct response to the former combined with the ideas that zoning kills everything, that something dramatic needs to happen to jumpstart a community, and that no private developer will step forward to help unless an iron ticket is given. The only way we re going to give them the iron ticket is to essentially knock down all of our processes of resistance, said Epstein, which he contends begins the whole cycle again. To exemplify his theory, Epstein continued his lecture referencing two important federal cases: the U.S. Supreme Court s landmark 2005 Kelo v. City of New London decision, which refused to limit the government s eminent domain power with respect to allowing private property to be handed over to a private developer, and the ongoing Goldstein v. Pataki case, in which 13 residents and business owners stand in opposition to a massive $4 billion redevelopment project in Brooklyn, N.Y. To watch the Bernard Siegan Memorial Conference keynote address in its entirety, go to USD LAW 11

14 Brunch with the Bench Students Given Opportunity to Interact with Ninth Circuit Judge By Jeremiah Newcomb The Honorable M. Margaret McKeown, Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, met informally with students for brunch on November 12 and 26, 2007, to discuss law, careers and life. In her role as the USD School of Law Jurist-in- Residence, Judge McKeown offers a judicial viewpoint to the students and faculty, bringing her unique perspective not only directly to law students but also to the law school s academic programs and faculty colloquia. Judge McKeown was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit by President Bill Clinton and was confirmed by the United States Senate in She serves on the Judicial Conference of the United States Codes of Conduct Committee, the board of the Federal Judges Association, and the ABA Committee on Federal Judicial Improvements. Before her appointment to the bench, she served as a White House Fellow and was a partner in the Seattle and Washington, D.C., offices of the Perkins Coie law firm. Her practice focused on complex litigation, intellectual property, antitrust and trade regulation. She is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate from the University of Wyoming and earned her Juris Doctorate from the Georgetown University Law Center. She also holds an honorary doctorate from Georgetown University. The Honorable M. Margaret McKeown During the brunches, Judge McKeown shared with students the personal and professional experiences that led her to a successful career in law. Of particular influence to the judge was a three-year stint during her undergraduate studies when she worked for U.S. Senator Cliff Hansen s (R-Wyo.) office in Laramie, Wyo. She gained an appreciation for the legislative process from the inside. Once out of law school, the judge worked for California Rural Legal Assistance helping the rural poor and eventually began working for the Seattle-based law firm of Perkins Coie. McKeown was granted a leave of absence from Perkins Coie to accept a prestigious White House Fellowship under then President Jimmy Carter and worked as a special assistant to the secretary of the interior. While there, she made many of the important contacts that eventually helped secure her current position as a circuit judge. During her tenure at the Department of the Interior, McKeown helped push through Congress the Alaska Lands Act in When the circuit judge position at the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals was announced, McKeown wasn t sure she could obtain it. A friend encouraged her to try for the position and provided guidance on calls to make and steps to take, which the judge wrote down on a small napkin as they were having lunch. Apprehensive about possibly failing, she found the inspiration to apply for the position from a small decorative tile the judge had at home which said, When you re out on a limb the world is at your feet. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals hears cases in Seattle, San Francisco and Pasadena, Calif. Constantly on the go, Judge McKeown is usually busy reading cases and briefs and writing opinions. She has four clerks and two externs to assist her. She also manages to fit into her schedule teaching the Consti tution and the Internet at USD School of Law. Judge McKeown will again meet with students for the spring semester s installment of Brunch with the Bench in February and April of USD LAW

16 A Although I graduated from law school 29 years ago, I can still appreciate the conflicting emotions that I suspect today s graduates are feeling, began Minnesota Supreme Court Associate Justice and National Football League (NFL) Hall-of-Famer Alan C. Page in his address at the commencement of the University of San Diego School of Law s class of 2007 on May 26, From the relief of having no more classes, no more finals and most importantly, no more tuition to the sense of accomplishment and pride that we all share this morning, to the anticipation coupled with the fear that comes with new beginnings. A 1978 graduate of the University of Minnesota Law School, Justice Page reached the pinnacle of success in two completely different careers: professional football and jurisprudence. He earned his Juris Doctorate while playing professional football full-time as a leading defensive lineman in the NFL. Known to many as a member of the Purple People Eaters, Page played for the Minnesota Vikings from 1967 to He also played for the Chicago Bears from 1978 until After serving in private practice and as an assistant attorney general for the State of Minnesota, Page was elected an associate justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court in 1992 and was re-elected in 1998 and He holds the record as the biggest vote-getter in Minnesota history. When asked in an interview prior to the commencement ceremony which career he enjoys more, the Hall of Fame NFL lineman or the Minnesota Supreme Court justice, he is unwavering in his response: My time in professional football was fun and entertaining, said Page. But there s no comparison. I enjoy this so much more. There s lasting value. For the work I do now, I go back through 100 years of cases to figure out why the law is what it is today. One hundred years from now, maybe they ll be looking back at what I did today. You never know, but hopefully it will stand the test of time. Speaking to the audience of more than 1,500, Justice Page gave graduates one last lesson as well as offered timely, Minnesota Supreme Court Associate Justice and former NFL Hall-of-Famer Alan C. Page addressed the class of USD LAW

17 Class of 2007 Valedictorian Katherine Elizabeth Payerle. words of advice to men and women entering the legal profession. He noted that the 2007 graduating class will be challenged like no other class before it, both professionally and personally, and remarked that individuals of the class will be thrust into a world that will test their judgment, their beliefs and their moral fiber time and time again. 007meaningful Although law school teaches you to think like a lawyer, Page pointed out, it is out in the real world where you will learn to behave like a lawyer; and along the way, you will be faced with many ethical challenges. Page asked students not to ignore large and small ethical issues while practicing law. He challenged them to pay attention and to take action to fix professional problems throughout their legal careers. As an example, Page brought the current issue of judicial independence and the problems inherent in the election, rather than the appointment, of judges. He remarked upon the difficult challenges ahead and emphasized that it is his duty and the duty of other legal practitioners to address and resolve the conflicts of interest for the sake of contemporary and future generations. Justice Page implored students to consider how the slightest of actions, good or bad, speaks volumes to the character of the individual and to the profession as a whole. What can you, today s graduates, today s aspiring future lawyers do? asked Page. I believe the steps we take individually can be significant. Ultimately, the problems we face as a society are people problems, and they will be solved by people like me and people like you. Justice Page urged graduates to make their own positive mark on the world. He noted that law school graduates are among the privileged few, and as such, Page believes there is an obligation to use that privilege to do good. You have the power to change the future, said Page, and our destiny is inextricably linked with your willingness to give of yourselves. As Dr. Seuss said in The Lorax, Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It s not! USD LAW 15

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