Here are some interesting facts about Len Blavatnik, the investor and entrepreneur who is also Britain’s richest man:

Although he is britain’s richest man, he was born in the Ukraine and studied at Moscow State University. In 1978 he migrated to the United States and gained citizenship in 1984. His education began with a degree in computer science at Columbia followed by a Harvard MBA.

His most publicized and famous deal was the 2011 purchase of the Warner Music group for 3.3 billion dollars. With it came the label that signed artists like Coldplay.

His Yacht is named Odessa after the city where he was born in the Ukraine. He is known to throw a party on the Yacht every year during the Cannes film festival. This event is attended by hollywood and a-list celebrities.

He owns one of the few grade 2 listed homes in the exclusive Kensington Palace gardens, London. Grade The house is valued at approximately 41 millions sterling pounds. As a listed home, it is considered to be of special architectural and cultural significance.

The Blavatnik Foundation is one of the world’s leading supporters of scientific, education and cultural awards. The most famous of these is the Blavatnik Young Scientists Award which started in 2007. He has also personally made donations to Yale, Harvard and Oxford univsersities.

He is married and has two sons and two daughters. His daughter’s Bat mitzvahs had Ed Sheeran and Bruno Mars performing.
________________________________________________________________Len Blavatnik needs no introduction. He is the man at the top of Access Industries and world renowned philanthropist.

Read below to find out how IBS is advantageous when it comes to thin film deposition.

Manufacturing optical thin films is a large industry that utilizes various techniques in order to achieve the highest quality possible. One of the more common approaches to these films is by using ion beam sputter deposition. Taking place in a vacuum chamber, IBS typically uses a high energy ion beam as the primary source – this is typically composed of various metals or oxides.

How does IBS work?

The high energy beam that’s shot out towards the target material creates a momentum that causes the atoms and molecules to “sputter” off onto the substrate, thus creating the thin film. As mentioned before, the vacuum chamber plays a vital role in the entire process. Note that there is oxygen present within the vacuum chamber at low pressures. This is designed to create oxidation or re-oxidize when needed.

What about the Quality?

What results from IBS is a highly uniform, highly dense film with excellent coverage and adhesion to the substrate itself. This is important because films require mechanical durability and stability. IBS provides a great amount of precision and makes hitting performance targets efficient and easier than PVD thermal evaporation. This process can also be automated, which doesn’t require supervision from the operator.

Summing it Up

IBS delivers excellence when it comes to both stability and durability of optical thin films. They also have the lowest absorption rate of any other type of coating type. There are very few drawbacks to utilizing this method, except for the limited range of materials that can be used – typically going to be metal oxides. IBS proves that it’s both a reliable and consistent method of generating thin films.

Summary: This is why some telescopes cost substantially more than others.

For most people, seeing the planets will require little more than a telescope and a clear evening. However, serious star gazers will want to consider an upgrade to telescopes that feature lenses treated by optical coating systems. These lenses have several advantages over the standard store-bought varieties, but they aren’t always easy for the newcomer to recognize. If you’re wondering why some telescopes are vastly different in price, this may help you understand.

Coating Types

Before we dive into coating types, we need to first make note of the method in which the lens is coated. Cheaper methods, like the dip and bake, may lower the cost to you but the quality suffers greatly. The coatings don’t last as long as an ebeam coating would. Within a year or two you’ll literally wipe away the coating.

Aluminum and titanium oxide, as well as magnesium fluoride, represent the most common substance used. High quality lenses are “fully coated,” which means that the coating has been applied to both sides. This is different from “multi-coated” lenses, which may also carry a high price tag. The multi-coat name comes from the multiple layers of chemicals applied to the lens in order to alter properties like light transmission.

Buying Your Telescope

In addition to any coatings applied to the lens of the telescope, you might want some additional upgrades. A tripod mounted telescope, for instance, are easy to set up and provide stability. You can also purchase telescopes with recording capabilities, so you can capture video footage for time lapse editing later.

With recent disasters on the news, you may be thinking about how best to protect your home against inclement weather and other acts of god. There are a couple of easy enhancements you can make to your home to round out your home protection set-up. Properly tested and graded doors like storm doors and hurricane impact doors can help prevent pressure build-up in the home, protect inner doors and glass inserts from debris, and prevent water and air from entering your home.

Approvals to Look For

If you live in a high-wind area, you may want to look for storm doors that are rated for hurricane approval. For the highest levels of approval doors must be tested and rated using a variety of tests, including impact and cyclic tests, air infiltration tests, uniform static air resistance tests, large missile tests, and water resistance tests. Make sure your door has a “sweep”, a strip along the bottom of the door designed to keep out bugs, air, and moisture. Door closers may be included or added to pull doors shut on their own again if blown open.

Maintenance Tips

Regular maintenance ensures storm doors will continue to provide high quality protection against rain, wind, and debris. Check for dents, scratches, torn material, and debris in hinges and between panels. Check the closer and latches to ensure they are securely attached to both the door and the door jamb. Regularly oil and open and close storm doors to check on their proper function.

Additional Solutions

To enhance home security during hurricanes and other inclement weather, consider purchasing storm shutters made of plywood, fabric panels, or corrugated steel or aluminum, depending on your needs. There are a variety of pros and cons; however, so long as they are properly installed almost all solutions will improve overall house safety.

Bio: ETO Doors is a custom door manufacturer based out of Los Angeles with two showrooms in New York and Las Vegas. They carry a variety of doors available for custom order or purchase online, with a variety of specialty options such as solid wood and oil-rubbed bronze embellishments. Read ETO Doors reviews, browse their selection, and more online at the ETO Doors site.

Have you ever seen the fine polish on the exhaust pipe of a motorcycle? The metal shaping process isn’t how bikes get their sheen, and polish can only get someone so far. These parts have all been through a sputter coater designed to give an even finish, most likely thin film deposition. This even coating gives the smooth, shiny appearance hobbyists love with minimal material waste. That has helped keep costs for parts down and kept markets alive.

Sputtering is useful in many kinds of advanced manufacturing, especially manufacturing metalized products. The aerospace and automobile industries could not produce what they are able to without some efficient method that reduces waste and produces the perfect finish.

Why Sputtering?

A substrate can be coated in thin films of metallic materials, as long as it is evenly rotated to avoid unnecessary buildup. That’s one of the advantages to sputtering, an even coat free from defects. That might not matter to someone riding a bicycle, who finds a small metallic imperfection, but it makes a huge difference in precision applications for healthcare practitioners or pilots.

Besides the coating system, thin film vacuum coating is used to provide the same finish. You can imagine the process a lot like spray painting the wall of your house. The substrate is given an even coating from materials ejected through an extremely small nozzle. The chemicals are converted to gas via superheating well before hand. To protect the substrate, a vacuum sealed chamber is used because engineers can control temperature with greater precision.

How Magnets Help Coat Substrates

Some vacuum deposition systems utilize magnets, allowing for the same kind of application using different means. In this case, the nozzle mechanism that sputters is replaced by magnets pulling ions with opposite charges. These machines use pulses of magnetism to attract metals, which pull ions onto the substrate. Because ions with an opposing charge are repelled during this process, chemicals are smashed into the substrate to give it the coating desired. This process is preferred because of the low levels of radiation emitted.

Pros and Cons

Not all sputtering systems are useful in every situation. Some leave inconsistencies in the material, and are useful for certain applications. Ion-beam assisted deposition, for example, is best used for circuit boards that require precise conductivity between components.
——————————————————————————————-Denton Vacuum, LLC specializes in machinery used in advanced manufacturing, including plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition.

Energy and power supplies are not easily available everywhere. This is especially the case for remote locations. Companies that operate in fields or that are set up in remote locations are often in need of portable power supply sources. This is mostly the case for construction and engineering businesses. Battery packs designed for remote locations are specifically made to stay light and to provide ease of transport across various locations.

When it concerns the choice of the portable power unit, several options are available. One of them is the self-propelled diesel engines. However, the latest technology in these types of units is the innovative use of lithium batteries. These batteries have a longer durability that lead-acid ones. They last up to twice as long as the latter. Lithium batteries are also 40% lighter and 32% more compact that lead-acid ones. These are essential features to provide convenience during storage and transportation.

For businesses, the best alternative power supply generally depends on their specific needs. In order to transport power units and carry them in aircrafts, lithium-based power supplies are better alternatives due to the fact that they are so light. These power units are handy for businesses when it comes to powering equipment, turbine starting and in the event that there is a blackout on site. These types of power supplies can also be used for domestic purposes, helping to start up heavy duty equipment.

Circuit boards are now a ubiquitous part of modern homes. They are in everything, from the microwaves that heat our food to the cell phones that help us connect with each other. Circuit boards have to be produced en masse in order to keep up with this demand, fueling the need for modern manufacturing that offer precision and speed. Ion beam deposition allows manufacturers to create intricate circuit boards that power all kinds of machinery in a fraction of the time it took the Silicon Valley to do originally. These improvements have not only created more efficient processes, they have lessened the costs of manufacturing.

Photolithography and Etching

A circuit begins with the substrate, or the board itself. Manufacturers design the kind of board they want on a computer, then they use photolithography to create an image of that design on the board itself. Ion beam etching is then used to deposit strict amounts of metals and other substances to the board at precise locations. This allows for more effective connections that can power a greater number of tasks.

One reason that ion beam is chosen over UHV sputter deposition is the amount of waste involved. UHV sputtering is best used when there is no precision required.

Conclusions

Circuit boards have become incredibly intricate as technology has progressed, and there are more connections required to divert power to the parts of a machine. Improvements in manufacturing have allowed for greater precision in the design and construction of circuit boards.

There is no clear-cut way to bend a metal tube or pipe. In fact, there may be one method better suited to the type of bending you want to do. Especially if you are bending a piece of metal that is of a higher gauge. We’ve reached out to James Newberg of Baileigh Industrial for a breakdown of the various methods used to bend metal into a desired shape.

Ram Bending

Ram bending is basically direct force applied to the metal piece, which is held in place at its end points. If you can imagine the piston of a car engine punching into a piece of wiring, you have the basic concept for how ram bending works. It’s the cheapest form of bending, and the process is prone to warping. It’s common for the tube or pipe to become deformed during this process, especially if the tubing isn’t very thick.

James says that Ram style bending is used primarily in the shaping of electrical conduit and other wiring that has a lighter gauge. It’s not really suited to the kind of metal work you’d find on a metal gate or inside an automotive shop.

Rotary Draw Bending

Baileigh Industrial’s RDB-150, which stands for “Rotary Draw Bender,” has become one of the most commonly utilized tools for shaping metal. It was the first dual-hydraulic bender and it allows for a 180 degree bend in just one pass through. In rotary draw bending, the metal tubing is drawn through a stationary counter, which is cylindrical in shape. The resulting force gives the metal a clean bend with a smooth finish.

James recommends this kind of bending for ornamental iron work. Baileigh’s tools are helpful in the formation of car chassis and roll cages used in high performance racing. Although the automotive and architectural industries are major use cases for this technology, you can also find this machinery at work in engineering fields that rely on conduit bending too.

Mandrel Bending

Mandrel bending is a highly specialized form of bending that is conducted when trying to avoid any kind of deformation. The major difference between this and rotary bending is the mandrel inserted into the tube. This flexible piece bends with the pipe, helping to maintain its shape from the inside out. Used primarily in the manufacture of car and farm machinery, it is especially effective in situations where stainless steel or aluminum are used.
After talking with James, we learned there is no singularly correct way to bend metal. Often, various techniques are needed depending on what you plan to shape. When you’re fitting a custom metal piece onto your project, be sure that you are using machinery that can give you the type of finish you’re looking for.

Summary: Manufacturing requires pressure for a variety of uses, and transmitters help to accurately regulate the pressures within a pipeline.

Pressure is the ratio of force exerted over a particular area. As industry develops new ways to utilize pressure, new equipment is necessary to help distribute and measure this pressure. A pressure transmitter comes in varying sizes so you can always find one that suits your needs.

Applications

The first thing you should consider is what the hydraulic pressure transducer will be used for. The purpose of the gauge is to force precise amounts of liquids through the pipeline, and to help clarify which chemicals might be in circulation at a given moment. Pressure sensors typically come in twos, there is usually one at the tank to measure pressure there, and another measuring internal pressure in the pipe line. The two work in conjunction to accurately monitor how much of a chemical is needed in a given moment.

Mounting

Mounting plays a role in the durability of the subsea pressure transducer. If you mount the sensor on its side, for instance, it will generate less heat over all. This maximizes cooling, which increases efficiency and shelf life of the unit. Sometimes, the unit is used in extreme heat. In these cases, it’s helpful to mount the sensor on a cooling tower to isolate the seal and maintain acceptable temperatures.

Final Thoughts

A pressure transmitter fills an important role in industries that have to work within unusual conditions. Able to function in deep cold or extreme heat, transmitters will last a long time if you mount them properly.

If there’s one piece of equipment that no serious aviator or airstrip should ever be without, it’s a portable power supply. When the inevitable occurs and an aircraft refuses to start due to a drained battery, you’ll be glad you made the investment in a ground power unit. While owning such a device is really a no-brainer, selecting the appropriate unit for your own needs isn’t such a clear-cut issue. There are at least three factors that you need to carefully consider before buying a power supply.

Power Sources & Charging Times

There are basically two types of portable power supplies: diesel or gas-powered models and rechargeable, battery-based units. Gas-powered APUs are usually used to fire up larger craft like Gulfstreams and Sikorskys. Typically, they’re 28.5 VDC machines that deliver up to 150 amps for upwards of 10 hours. Battery-based units come in a variety of shapes and sizes, delivering a maximum of 4,000 amps at up to 28.5 VDC. As far as charging times go, smaller battery packs can be replenished in under half an hour.

Weight & Portability

A ground power unit can be pretty bulky depending on the make and model you’re in the market for. Ultra-portable battery packs can weigh as little as 30 pounds and be taken with you wherever you fly. Heavy-duty wheeled models can weigh up to 200 pounds and require a fair amount of wrangling to get into position. They also require a fair amount of storage space when not in use. If you plan on leaving a power supply at the strip, you can err on the side of caution and opt for a larger model.

Aircraft Compatibility

Last but not least, there’s the matter of compatibility with various types of aircraft. While the ubiquity of NATO plugs simplifies the matter somewhat, there’s still the question of maximum and minimum power delivery. Whether you plan on using your power supply for emergency piston jump-starting or gas turbine start up, you’ll need to summon the proper amount of juice on demand. Though it may cost a bit more up front, it’s best to select a power supply that can operate at different voltages and amperages.

Making the Right Call

It’s difficult to make a general recommendation on power supplies since the correct choice depends on your situation. If you’re going in on an auxiliary power supply with a group of friends or acquaintances, you’ll of course need to pick something that can service an array of piston engine planes, turboprops and helicopters. If you’re simply buying a power supply for your own aviation needs, the decision is a lot simpler. Whatever you choose to buy, don’t make the mistake of eschewing quality in favor of short-term savings.

Tip of the Day

For homeowners who live in areas where it rains periodically, rainwater will usually be sufficient to remove dust and bits of soil from the synthetic grass. If there are stains that can not be removed with water alone, a mild detergent may be used. Gently wipe the surface until the stain is removed.