Desktop/Microphone
The GlobalPhone pronunciation dictionaries, created within the framework of the multilingual speech and language corpus GlobalPhone, were developed in collaboration with the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).

1) Dictionary Encoding:
The pronunciation dictionary entries consist of full word forms and are either given in the original script of that language, mostly in UTF-8 encoding (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, French, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Thai) corresponding to the trl-files of the GlobalPhone transcriptions or in Romanized script (Arabic, German, Hausa, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Portuguese, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese) corresponding to the rmn-files of the GlobalPhone transcriptions, respectively. In the latter case the documentation mostly provides a mapping from the Romanized to the original script.

2) Dictionary Phone set:
The phone sets for each language were derived individually from the literature following best practices for automatic speech processing. Each phone set is explained and described in the documentation using the international standards of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For most languages a mapping to the language independent GlobalPhone naming conventions (indicated by M_) is provided for the purpose of data sharing across languages to build multilingual acoustic models.

3) Dictionary Generation:
Whenever the grapheme-to-phoneme relationship allowed, the dictionaries were created semi-automatically in a rule-based fashion using a set of grapheme-to-phoneme mapping rules. The number of rules highly depends on the language. After the automatic creation process, all dictionaries were manually cross-checked by native speakers, correcting potential errors of the automatic pronunciation generation process. Most of the dictionaries have been applied to large vocabulary speech recognition. In many cases the GlobalPhone dictionaries were compared to straight-forward grapheme-based speech recognition and to alternative sources, such as Wiktionary and usually demonstrated to be superior in terms of quality, coverage, and accuracy.

4) Format:
The format of the dictionaries is the same across languages and is straight-forward. Each line consists of one word form and its pronunciation separated by blank. The pronunciation consists of a concatenation of phone symbols separated by blanks. Both, words and their pronunciations are given in tcl-script list format, i.e. enclosed in {}, since phones can carry tags, indicating the tone and length of a vowel, or the word boundary tag WB, indicating the boundary of a dictionary unit. The WB tag can for example be included as a standard question in the decision tree questions for capturing crossword models in context-dependent modeling. Pronunciation variants are indicated by () with n = 2, 3, 4, indicating the number of variants per word. The order in which variants occur in the dictionary is not necessarily related to their frequency in the corpus.
{word} {{w WB} o r {d WB}}

5) Documentation: The pronunciation dictionaries for each language are complemented by a documentation that describes the format of the dictionary, the phone set including its mapping to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and the frequency distribution of the phones in the dictionary. Most of the pronunciation dictionaries have been successfully applied to large vocabulary speech recognition and references to publications are given when available.