Pseudotaxiphyllum contains about 15 species, rather widely distributed, particularly in Asia; previously members of this genus were placed in Isopterygium (Iwatsuki, 1987); a single species, given below, is present in the Neotropics. The genus is characterized by a stem cortex of 1-2 outer rows of small, thick-walled cells (viewed in cross-section), smooth rhizoids, pseudoparaphyllia absent, weakly to distinctly complanate, spreading to squarrose leaves, smooth laminal cells, similar apical and median cells, and inclined capsules.