Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia. Themes of the Chapter Territorial state huge land empire Territorial state huge land empire Power of the tsars & the Romanov.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia. Themes of the Chapter Territorial state huge land empire Territorial state huge land empire Power of the tsars & the Romanov."— Presentation transcript:

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Themes of the Chapter Territorial state huge land empire Territorial state huge land empire Power of the tsars & the Romanov Dynasty (1610-1917) Power of the tsars & the Romanov Dynasty (1610-1917) Dominant aristocracy Dominant aristocracy Reliance on coercive labor systems Reliance on coercive labor systems Lack of a merchant class Lack of a merchant class Dependence on the West Dependence on the West

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Russia Under the Czars Remember from Ch. 14 that Moscow would become the center for resistance of Mongol rule Remember from Ch. 14 that Moscow would become the center for resistance of Mongol rule

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Policies toward Native Peoples Siberia is home to 26 ethnic groups, who responded to Russians in different ways Siberia is home to 26 ethnic groups, who responded to Russians in different ways Russian gov’t uses cossacks and westerners (fur trade) to inhabit the area, but many inhabitants are social misfits Russian gov’t uses cossacks and westerners (fur trade) to inhabit the area, but many inhabitants are social misfits Russians wanted tribute in the form of furs, and resorted to violence to get it Russians wanted tribute in the form of furs, and resorted to violence to get it By 1763, 420,000 Russians live in Siberia By 1763, 420,000 Russians live in Siberia

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Question Slide Compare contrast the map of the Mongol Empire & Russian Empire on the next two slides: Compare contrast the map of the Mongol Empire & Russian Empire on the next two slides: How accurate was the Russian claim that it was the heir of Chinggis Khan and the unifier of Central Asia? How were the empires different? How accurate was the Russian claim that it was the heir of Chinggis Khan and the unifier of Central Asia? How were the empires different?

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Ivan IV got his nickname after murdering his eldest son Ivan IV got his nickname after murdering his eldest son Ivan IV (the Terrible) 1533-1584 expanded borders and terrorized boyars

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Western Contact Tsars eager to make up for cultural isolation from Mongol polices by increasing contacts with Western Europe. This included: Tsars eager to make up for cultural isolation from Mongol polices by increasing contacts with Western Europe. This included: Diplomatic missions to Europe Diplomatic missions to Europe Western merchants establishing Russian trade centers Western merchants establishing Russian trade centers Using foreign artists to design Russian churches/public buildings Using foreign artists to design Russian churches/public buildings

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Romanov Policies Time of Troubles = Ivan IV’s death (no heir) leads to a boyar power struggle Time of Troubles = Ivan IV’s death (no heir) leads to a boyar power struggle Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) begins when boyars choose a Romanov to be Tsar Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) begins when boyars choose a Romanov to be Tsar Michael= stabilizes gov’t, expands borders, drives out foreigners Michael= stabilizes gov’t, expands borders, drives out foreigners Alexis = limits the power of nobility; resumes state control over the church Alexis = limits the power of nobility; resumes state control over the church

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Russia’s 1 st Westernization 17 th c. Russia = unusually agricultural compared to Europe & Asia 17 th c. Russia = unusually agricultural compared to Europe & Asia Peter the Great begins policies of westernization while continuing to old polices of expansion and tsarist control Peter the Great begins policies of westernization while continuing to old polices of expansion and tsarist control

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Peter the Great (1689-1725) Autocrat: Autocrat: Used capital punishment, suppressed power of nobility, used secret police, militaristic Used capital punishment, suppressed power of nobility, used secret police, militaristic Westernization Westernization Political = streamlines bureaucracy Political = streamlines bureaucracy Economic= built up mining/ iron industry Economic= built up mining/ iron industry Social = encourages western styles among the upper classes (did not encourage gender equity); education for nobility Social = encourages western styles among the upper classes (did not encourage gender equity); education for nobility

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Catherine the Great (1762-1796) Claims power from husband after many years of weak rulers Claims power from husband after many years of weak rulers Expands tsarist power (puts down the Pugachev Rebellion) Expands tsarist power (puts down the Pugachev Rebellion) Enlightened Despot = courts Enlightenment ideals while being a traditional Russian ruler Enlightened Despot = courts Enlightenment ideals while being a traditional Russian ruler Selective Westernizer = picks and chooses what she wants from the West Selective Westernizer = picks and chooses what she wants from the West

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Her Policies Political = increases power of nobility over the serfs, censors revolutionary ideas, crushes rebellions Political = increases power of nobility over the serfs, censors revolutionary ideas, crushes rebellions Economic = further entrenches Russia into serfdom Economic = further entrenches Russia into serfdom Territorial= campaigns against the Ottoman Empire, claims Siberia and Alaska, claims part of Poland Territorial= campaigns against the Ottoman Empire, claims Siberia and Alaska, claims part of Poland Cultural = patronized Western art, architecture and clothing styles, but avoided other influences (French Revolution) Cultural = patronized Western art, architecture and clothing styles, but avoided other influences (French Revolution)

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Themes in Early Modern Russian History Serfdom Serfdom Economic dependence on the more industrially developed West Economic dependence on the more industrially developed West Social Unrest Social Unrest Influence/control over Eastern Europe Influence/control over Eastern Europe

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Trade & Economic Dependence 95% of population is rural; few are artisans or merchants 95% of population is rural; few are artisans or merchants Little incentive for agricultural or industrial innovation Little incentive for agricultural or industrial innovation Still manages to support nobility and a growing population Still manages to support nobility and a growing population

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Eastern Europe Borders in this area fluctuate Borders in this area fluctuate Easter region help spread revolutionary Enlightenment ideas & take part in the Reformation Easter region help spread revolutionary Enlightenment ideas & take part in the Reformation Still, E. Europe remains a place w/ a weakened central government and little economic development Still, E. Europe remains a place w/ a weakened central government and little economic development

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Russia and the World Becomes an absolute monarchy characterized by a “dominant aristocracy, coercive agricultural labor systems, and the absence of a a substantial merchant class.” Becomes an absolute monarchy characterized by a “dominant aristocracy, coercive agricultural labor systems, and the absence of a a substantial merchant class.”