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Slippery or snow-covered roads, reduced visibility and bitter cold: these are all conditions that can make driving difficult and even dangerous during cold weather months. Winter also brings an increased risk of getting stuck in your car, so dress warmly before heading out.

Follow these tips to learn about winter driving risks and prepare an emergency kit for your car.

Exercise extra caution when driving in these winter road conditions:

Blizzards: The most dangerous of winter storms, combining falling, blowing and drifting snow, winds of at least 40 km/h, visibility less than one kilometre and temperatures below -10°C. They can last from a few hours to several days.

Heavy snowfall: Refers to snowfalls of at least 10 centimetres in 12 hours, or at least 15 centimetres in 24 hours; accumulation may be lower in temperate climates.>

Freezing rain or drizzle: This can lead to ice storms, with ice covering roads, trees, power lines, etc.

Cold snap: Refers to temperatures that fall rapidly over a very short period of time, causing very icy conditions.>

Winds: They create the conditions associated with blizzards, and cause blowing and drifting snow, reducing visibility and causing wind chill.>

Black ice: Refers to a thin layer of ice on the road that can be difficult to see or can make the road look black and shiny. The road freezes more quickly in shaded areas, on bridges and on overpasses when it is cold. These areas remain frozen long after the sun has risen.>

Slush: Wet snow can make for slushy roads. Heavy slush can build up in the wheel wells of your vehicle and can affect your ability to steer. Large trucks and buses can blow slush and snow onto your windshield, leading to a sudden loss of visibility.

Follow these tips if you are stuck in the snow:

Try to stay calm and don’t go out in the cold. Stay in your car: you will avoid getting lost and your car is a safe shelter.

Don’t tire yourself out. Shovelling in the intense cold can be deadly.

Let in fresh air by opening a window on the side sheltered from the wind.

Keep the engine off as much as possible. Be aware of carbon monoxide poisoning and make sure the exhaust pipe is not obstructed by snow.

If possible, use a candle placed inside a deep can instead of the car heater to warm up.

Turn on warning lights or set up road flares to make your car visible.

Turn on the ceiling light; leaving your headlights or hazard lights on for too long will drain the battery.

Move your hands, feet and arms to maintain circulation. Stay awake.

Keep an eye out for other cars and emergency responders. Try to keep clothing dry since wet clothing can lead to a dangerous loss of body heat.

Prepare an emergency car kit

Always have winter safety and emergency equipment in your car. A basic car kit should contain the following:

Food that won’t spoil, such as energy bars

Water—plastic bottles that won’t break if the water freezes (replace them every six months)

Blanket

Extra clothing and shoes or boots

First aid kit with seatbelt cutter

Small shovel, scraper and snowbrush

Candle in a deep can and matches

Wind‑up flashlight

Whistle—in case you need to attract attention

Roadmaps

Copy of your emergency plan

Items to keep in your trunk:

Sand, salt or cat litter (non-clumping)

Antifreeze and windshield washer fluid

Tow rope

Jumper cables

Fire extinguisher

Warning light or road flares

Print or download the Emergency Car Kit list. Cross items off the list as you put them in your car.

Follow us on Twitter for helpful tips on emergency preparedness: @Get_Prepared

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