Types of test procedures used for control of water treatment operations: titration-type tests, including test equipment, reading liquid levels, indicators, standard test solution, endpoint, test factors, and the five steps in a typical titration; colorimetric tests, including special reagents, comparison with color standards, and recognition of equipment used; tests requiring special instruments, including specific conductance and pH, recognition of the equipment used and the five steps in a typical specific conductance test on boiler water; sampling for representative test samples. Importance of cleanliness and good housekeeping.

Prerequisites: Basic understanding of water chemistry and boiler feedwater.