Advancing Outcomes for All Minorities: Experiences of Mainstreaming Immigrant Integration Policy in the United Kingdom

Although the United Kingdom has large foreign-born and native-born ethnic minority populations, there has been little policy activity in the area of immigrant integration in the country. Instead, since 2010 integration issues have been subsumed within broader concerns about diversity, equality, and social cohesion.

This report explores the United Kingdom's unique experience with immigrant integration, which is strongly influenced by its colonial ties. Following World War II, the United Kingdom received a wave of migrants from its former colonies, many of whom were already British citizens, spoke English, and maintained strong ties to what they consider their mother country. As a result, native-born citizens have been reluctant to think of migrants as such, preferring instead to consider them minorities. Government programs and civil-society groups engage migrants, particularly migrant and minority youth, as part of communities rather than as discrete entities.

This mainstreaming of integration policy—attempting to reach people with a migration background through needs-based social programming and policies that also target the general population—has been supported by societal norms emphasizing inclusion and antidiscrimination as well as an ideological commitment to localism at the national level. These factors, combined with suspicion of top-down regulation, have led the national government to relinquish responsibility in integration matters to local governments. Localities, including case-study cities London and Glasgow, now have the space to develop innovative approaches to integration, but must overcome low levels of funding due to austerity measures.

The report is one in a comparative research project conducted in collaboration with the Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS) at the University of Oxford and Erasmus University in Rotterdam.

Table of Contents

I. Introduction: The General Context of Immigration and Integration

A. Migrants and Minorities

B. The History of UK Integration Policy

C. Integration Since 2010

D. Local and Regional Level Integration Policy

II. Mainstreaming Integration Policy: To What Extent and How Deliberate?

A. Race Relations and Equality

B. Social Inclusion and Social Mobility

C. Cohesion

III. Youth as a Central Focus of Integration Policy

A. The Preventing Violent Extremism Program

B. NEETs and Social Inclusion

C. Youth Social Mobility

IV. Targeting Within Mainstreaming: Youth Policy and Provisions for Youth of Immigrant Origin

A. Case Study: Glasgow

B. Case Study: London

V. Conclusion

Media Resources

Experts

Elizabeth Collett is Director of Migration Policy Institute Europe and Senior Advisor to MPI's Transatlantic Council on Migration.
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Milica Petrovic was an Associate Policy Analyst at MPI Europe, where she worked on immigrant integration policy.
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Authors

Sundas Ali holds a doctorate in Sociology from the University of Oxford. Her research interests encompass national identity and belonging, particularly in relation to Muslims in Britain. Full Bio >

Ben Gidley is a Senior Researcher at the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre on Migration, Policy, and Society (COMPAS) at the University of Oxford, where he leads a research cluster on Urban Change and Settlement. Full Bio >

MPI Europe

Migration Policy Institute Europe, established in Brussels in 2011, is a nonprofit, independent research institute that aims to provide a better understanding of migration in Europe and thus promote effective policymaking.