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Vomiting

Apr 14, 2012 , Eva Papežová

Vomiting is one of the basic defensive reflexes of our body. Vomiting can be triggered off by irritation of digestive tube or by irritation of the balance system, e.g. on bus or roller coaster. Vomiting can also be a symptom of many other diseases, among others bulimia. Vomiting is a process that should not be underestimated; careful examination should be performed in patients with long-lasting vomiting.

Vomiting

Vomiting (vomit, sickness or medically emesis) is described as nervous mediated defensive reflex by which stomach content is eliminated from the body. It is not present only in diseases affecting the digestive tract, however. Vomiting can be triggered by many pathological conditions, sometimes even in full health. It is therefore very important to reveal the proper cause for the vomiting and find appropriate cure.

Causes of Vomiting

Vomiting is a reflex mediated by vomiting centre in medulla oblongata. This centre receives information from all the body; on the basis of this information vomiting is triggered. Vomiting is often present in diseases of digestive tract, such as inflammation of stomach, pancreas, gallbladder; less often stomach ulcer, narrowing of the digestive tube, and other. In case of some unpleasant smell or view, vomiting reflex is triggered by cerebral cortex. It is a natural way how human body eliminates danger of poisonous and toxic substances. Balance system can also be responsible for vomiting. This occurs typically on boats, roller coasters or when travelling in a transport vehicle. Less common causes for vomiting are brain injuries, intracranial hypertension or migraine. Tragic group of vomiting triggers is formed by tumours, either of digestive tract (stomach, pancreas), or anywhere in the body (brain tumour, lung cancer). Especially young girls and women sometimes suffer from vomiting due to bulimia; psychical disease during which patients first consume great amount of food and consequently self-induce vomiting because of compunction. Even though in this disease vomiting is self-induced, the esophagus is damaged with all its consequences. Last but not least, vomiting can be induced by some medicaments – antibiotics, cancer chemotherapy, antiarrhythmics, and oral antidiabetics.

Symptoms of Vomiting

Vomiting is a defensive reflex by which stomach content is eliminated from the body. Vomiting is often preceded by nausea, salivation, sometimes dizziness resulting from pressure drop and slowing of heart frequency. At the beginning of a vomit, there first comes a deep breath, consequently airways close and strong contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm squeezes stomach content out of the body. During vomiting esophageal muscles are relaxed.

Therapy for Vomiting

Light vomiting subsides spontaneously with no need for specific therapy. It is necessary to supplement lost fluids and minerals, therefore drinking mineral water or unsweetened tea is recommended. In case of heavy vomiting, treatment by medicaments is necessary. Most often antiemetics are used, that means drugs against vomiting. It can be administered either orally or parenterally through a vein - in case of continuously vomiting or unconscious patient.

Complications of Vomiting

Vomiting is a very important defensive reflex in human body but if it comes often and in short intervals, it can be very unpleasant conditions for the patient. One of vomiting complications is so-called dehydration, great loss of fluids that can be life-threatening in children and older people. Repeated vomiting can also harm wall of the esophagus, small ruptures may develop. The gastric acid on the other hand can affect teeth quality; it usually supports dental caries development. Careful dental hygiene is essential when repeatedly vomiting. Very dangerous is also inhaling of the vomit, resulting in most cases in acute lung infection, sometimes even in the risk of suffocation.

Vomiting Significance

Vomiting is on one hand very important defensive reflex; on the other hand it can produce many complications. If vomiting develops and is long-lasting, it is absolutely necessary to find out the underlying cause and eliminate it because negative consequences to the body can be very unpleasant and dangerous.

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I don't know about ibd in cats, so definitely check with your vet bofere doing anything, but I have ibd myself, and I know that some of the meds used to treat it (as well as the special, low fiber diet) can cause constipation. Your cats tummy might be bloated and hard because of the amount of stool building up because of a low fiber diet. There is a simple medication that can be put on cat's food called Lachylose or something like that that helps the food pass through at a better pace. Again, please ask your vet, because this med that I used for my cat was years ago, there might be something way better by now.

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