Sunday, April 5, 2015

11 Proven Health Benefits of Quinoa

Quinoa is the world’s most popular “superfood.”It is loaded with protein, fiber and minerals, but doesn’t contain any gluten. Here are 11 proven health benefits of quinoa.

1. Quinoa is Incredibly Nutritious

Quinoa is a grain crop that is grown for its edible seeds. It is pronounced KEEN-wah.

It technically isn’t a cereal grain, but a pseudo-cereal (1).In other words, it is basically a “seed” which is prepared and eaten similarly to a grain.

Quinoa was an important crop for the Inca Empire back in the day. They referred to it as the “mother of all grains” and believed it to be sacred.

It has been consumed for thousands of years in South America,
although it only became trendy and reached “superfood status” a few
years ago.

These days, you can find Quinoa and products made with it all over
the world… especially in health food stores and restaurants that
emphasize natural foods.There are three main types of quinoa… white, red and black.

This is what they look like:Here is the nutrient breakdown for 1 cup of cooked quinoa, or 185 grams (2):

Protein: 8 grams.

Fiber: 5 grams.

Manganese: 58% of the RDA.

Magnesium: 30% of the RDA.

Phosphorus: 28% of the RDA.

Folate: 19% of the RDA.

Copper: 18% of the RDA.

Iron: 15% of the RDA.

Zinc: 13% of the RDA.

Potassium: 9% of the RDA.

Over 10% of the RDA for Vitamins B1, B2 and B6.

Small amounts of Calcium, B3 (Niacin) and Vitamin E.

This is coming with a total of 222 calories, with 39 grams of carbs and 4 grams of fat. It also contains a small amount of Omega-3 fatty acids.

Quinoa is non-GMO, Gluten Free and usually grown organically. Even
though not technically a grain, it still counts as a “whole grain” food.

NASA scientists have been looking at it as a suitable crop to be
grown in outer space, mostly based on its high nutrient content, ease of
use and how easy it is to grow (3).

The year 2013 was actually called “The International Year of Quinoa”
by the United Nations (UN), based on its high nutrient value and
potential to contribute to food security worldwide (4).

Bottom Line: Quinoa is an edible seed that has become very trendy among health conscious people. It is loaded with many important nutrients.

The health effects of real foods go way beyond the vitamins and minerals we’re all familiar with.

There are thousands of trace nutrients in there… and some of them are extremely healthy.

This includes interesting molecules called flavonoids, which are plant antioxidants that have been shown to have all sorts of beneficial effects on health.

Two flavonoids that have been particularly well studied are Quercetin and Kaempferol… and they happen to be found in large amounts in Quinoa (5).

In fact, the quercetin content of quinoa is even higher than typical high-quercetin foods like cranberries (6).

These important molecules have been shown to have anti-inflammatory,
anti-viral, anti-cancer and anti-depressant effects… at least in animal
studies (7, 8, 9, 10).By including quinoa in your diet, you will significantly increase your total intake of these (and other) important nutrients.

Bottom Line: Quinoa contains large
amounts of flavonoids, including Quercetin and Kaempferol. These are
potent plant antioxidants with numerous health benefits.

3. It is Very High in Fiber… Much Higher Than Most Grains

One study that looked at 4 varieties of quinoa found a range of
between 10 and 16 grams of fiber, per every 100 grams of uncooked quinoa
(11).

This equals 17-27 grams per cup, which is very high… more than twice
as high as most grains. Boiled quinoa contains much less fiber, gram for
gram, because it absorbs so much water.

Unfortunately, most of the fiber is insoluble fiber, which doesn’t appear to have the same health benefits as soluble fiber.

That being said, the soluble fiber content is about 2.5 grams per cup (or 1.5 grams per 100 grams), which is still decent.

There are numerous studies showing that soluble fiber can help reduce
blood sugar levels, lower cholesterol, increase fullness and help with
weight loss (12, 13, 14).

Bottom Line: Quinoa is much higher in fiber than most grains, with one source finding 17-27 grams of fiber per cup of uncooked Quinoa.

4. Quinoa is Gluten Free and Perfect For People With Gluten Intolerance

According to a 2013 survey, about a third of people in the U.S. are currently trying to minimize or avoid gluten.

A gluten-free diet can be healthy, as long as it is based on foods that are naturally gluten free.

The problems arise when people eat “gluten free” foods made with refined starches instead.

These foods are no better than their gluten-containing counterparts, because gluten free junk food is still junk food.

Well… many researchers have been looking at quinoa as a suitable
ingredient in a gluten-free diet, for people who don’t want to give up
staples like breads and pasta.

Studies have shown that by using quinoa instead of typical
gluten-free ingredients like refined tapioca, potato, corn and rice
flour, it can dramatically increase the nutrient and antioxidant value
of the diet (15, 16).

Bottom Line: Quinoa is naturally free of
gluten and using it instead of typical gluten-free ingredients can
increase the antioxidant and nutrient value of a gluten-free diet.

5. Quinoa is Very High in Protein, With All The Essential Amino Acids That we Need

Protein is made out of amino acids. Some of them are termed “essential” because we can not produce them and need to get them from the diet.

If a food contains all the essential amino acids, it is seen as a “complete” protein.The problem is that many plant foods are deficient in certain essential amino acids, such as Lysine.

However… quinoa is an exception to this, being particularly high in
in all the essential amino acids. For this reason, quinoa is an
excellent source of protein. It has both more and better protein than most grains (17).
With 8 grams of quality protein
per cup of cooked quinoa (or 4.5 grams per 100 grams), quinoa is an
excellent plant-based protein source for vegetarians and vegans.

Bottom Line: Quinoa is high in protein compared to most plant foods and contains all the essential amino acids that we need.

6. Quinoa Has a Low Glycemic Index

The glycemic index is a measure of how quickly foods raise blood sugar levels.It is known that eating foods that are high on the glycemic index can stimulate hunger and contribute to obesity (18, 19).

Such foods have also been linked to many of the chronic, Western
diseases that are so common today… like diabetes and heart disease (20).

However… it’s important to keep in mind that quinoa is still pretty high in carbs, so it is not a good choice for a low-carb diet, at least not in large amounts.

Bottom Line: The glycemic index of quinoa is around 53, which is considered low. However, it is still relatively high in carbohydrates.

7. It is High in Minerals That Most People Don’t Get Enough of, Especially Magnesium

There are many nutrients in the modern diet that people tend to be lacking in.This is particularly true of some minerals… especially Magnesium, Potassium, Zinc and (for women) Iron.

Interestingly, quinoa is very high in all 4 minerals. It is
particularly high in magnesium, with one cup having about 30% of the
RDA.

The problem is that quinoa contains a substance called phytic acid, which can bind these minerals and reduce their absorption (22).

However, by soaking and/or sprouting the quinoa before cooking it, you can reduce the phytic acid content and make these minerals more bioavailable.

Quinoa is also pretty high in oxalates, which reduce the absorption of calcium and can cause problems for certain individuals with recurring kidney stones (23, 24).

Bottom Line: Quinoa is very high in
minerals, but the phytic acid can partly prevent them from being
absorbed. Soaking or sprouting quinoa degrades most of the phytic acid.

8. Quinoa May Have Some Major Benefits For Metabolic Health

Given the high amount of beneficial nutrients, it makes sense that quinoa could lead to improvements in metabolic health.Although this needs to be studied more thoroughly, I did find two
studies (one in humans, the other in rats) that examined the effects of
quinoa on metabolic health.

The human study found that using quinoa instead of typical
gluten-free breads and pastas significantly reduced blood sugar, insulin
and triglyceride levels (25). The rat study found that adding quinoa to a diet high in fructose almost completely inhibited the negative effects of fructose (26).

Bottom Line: Two studies, one in humans
and the other in rats, show that quinoa can improve metabolic health.
This includes lower blood sugar and triglyceride levels.

Allowing quinoa seeds to sprout seems to increase the antioxidant content even further (28).

Bottom Line: Quinoa appears to be very high in antioxidants, which are increased even further after the seeds are sprouted.

10. Quinoa Has Several Important Characteristics That Make it a Weight Loss Friendly Food

In order to lose weight, we need to take in fewer calories than we burn.It is known that certain properties of foods can facilitate this
process… either by boosting metabolism (increasing calories out) or
reducing appetite (lowering calories in).

Interestingly, quinoa has several such properties.

It is high in protein… which can both increase metabolism and reduce appetite significantly (29).

The high amount of fiber should also help to increase feelings of fullness, making us eat fewer calories overall (30).

The fact that quinoa has a low glycemic index is another important
feature, but choosing such foods has been linked to reduced calorie
intake (31).Although there is currently no study that looks at the effects of
quinoa on body weight, it seems intuitive that it could be a useful part
of a healthy weight loss diet.

Bottom Line: Quinoa is high in fiber,
protein and has a low glycemic index. These properties have all been
linked to weight loss and improved health.

11. Quinoa is Easy to Incorporate Into Your Diet

The last one is not a health benefit, but still incredibly important.It is the fact that quinoa is very easy to incorporate into your diet.It is also tasty and goes well with many foods.

Depending on the type of quinoa, it can be important to rinse it with water in order to get rid of saponins, which are found on the outer layer and can have a bitter flavor.

However, some brands have already been rinsed, so this may not be necessary.You can buy quinoa in most health food stores and many supermarkets. It is also available on Amazon, with many reviews, testimonials and usage tips from real customers.Quinoa can be ready to eat in as little as 15-20 minutes:

It should now have absorbed most of the water and gotten a fluffy
look. If done right, it should have a mild, nutty flavour and a
satisfying crunch.
Then there are dozens of other delicious ways to use quinoa.