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In the Adams-Onís Treaty was negotiated by John Adams and the Spanish Minister to the United States. Spain ceded Florida to the United States. The treaty also established the border between Spanish territory and the US.

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President James Monroe announced what became known as the Monroe Doctrine. He declared the Western Hemisphere closed to further European colonization and threatened to use force to stop further European interventions in the Americas.

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Later called the Tariff of Abominations, the Tariff of 1828 increased the tax on imported manufactured goods. The law economically benefitted the North—New England in particular favored high tariffs—and injured the South, which believed that the tariff was unconstitutional.

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The Supreme Court declined to rule in the case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia on the grounds that “an Indian tribe or nation within the United States is not a foreign state in the sense of the constitution, and cannot maintain an action in the courts of the United States.”