Asit K. Biswas is Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore and co-founder of the Third World Center for Water Management. He was a founder of the International Water Resources Association and World Water Council.

Europe’s Airpocalypse

SINGAPORE – European policymakers like to lecture the rest of the world on air pollution. Asia, and China in particular, is a favorite target for criticism. Indeed, it sometimes seems as if no major environmental conference is complete without a presentation by European policymakers on their continent’s supposed “best practices,” which the rest of the world should emulate. When it comes to air pollution, however, Europe might consider doing less talking and more listening.

Air pollution is a growing concern across Europe. The World Health Organization has called it the continent’s “single largest environmental health risk,” estimating that 90% of Europe’s citizens are exposed to outdoor pollution that exceeds WHO air-quality guidelines. In 2010, some 600,000 European citizens died prematurely because of outdoor and indoor air pollution, and the economic costs have been put at $1.6 trillion, roughly 9% of the European Union’s GDP.

London and Paris suffer from particularly severe air-quality problems. Nitrogen dioxide levels in some parts of London regularly reach 2-3 times the recommended limit. In the United Kingdom, air pollution kills some 29,000 people a year, putting it second only to smoking as a cause of premature death. Paris may be even worse off; in March, after air-pollution levels surpassed Shanghai’s, the city imposed a partial driving ban and introduced free public transportation.

Sadly, Europe’s policymakers do not seem up to the challenge. George Osborne, the UK’s chancellor of the exchequer, has argued against British leadership in the fight against climate change. “We are not going to save the planet by shutting down our steel mills, aluminum smelters, and paper manufacturers,” he declared in 2011.

Osborne is not alone. With European politicians arguing that introducing environmental safeguards will hurt the EU’s already-weakened economy, it comes as little surprise that measures to limit air pollution fall far short of the mark. The EU’s proposed standards regulating toxic emissions from coal plants are even less strict than China’s, Greenpeace reports. Yet various European politicians have called for watering them down even further, with Hungary suggesting that they be scrapped altogether.

To be sure, air pollution levels in Asia are truly worrisome. The continent is home to nine of the world’s ten most polluted countries, according to Yale University’s 2014 Air Quality Ranking. New Delhi is ranked as the most polluted city on earth, with air pollution exceeding safe levels by a factor of 60. Owing to Beijing’s unhealthy air, foreign companies pay a “hardship bonus” of up to 30% to employees working there.

But at least policymakers in Asia have recognized the problem and are taking steps to address it. China, for example, has declared a “war on pollution.” By 2017, Beijing – once dubbed “Greyjing” by the international media – will spend some CN¥760 billion ($121 billion) to combat air pollution.

At the heart of China’s measures are improved public transportation, green trade, and a revision of the energy mix. The government has decided to install bus stops every 500 meters in city centers, reduce tariffs to 5% or less for a list of 54 environmental goods, and decommission many outdated and inefficient coal plants. The share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption is expected to increase to 20% by 2030. These targets are likely to be rigorously implemented, given strong political support from the very top.

Meanwhile, in India, the state governments in Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu are about to launch the world’s first cap-and-trade schemes for particulates. India’s Supreme Court even suggested an extra charge on privately owned diesel vehicles in New Delhi.

Europe, as one of the world’s wealthiest regions, ought to be at the forefront of the effort to promote environmental sustainability. When it comes to air pollution, however, Europe’s policymakers should stop preaching to others and focus on fixing their own problems.

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Comments

I lived in Beijing until recently and also in Shanghai, currently living in Munich. The problem with China at least is, that regulations are not followed. Maybe the authors should watch "Under the dome" from Chai Jing. Comparing Europe with Asia based on regulations is misleading. The air pollution level of Paris when the traffic was shut down, would be considered "good" in Beijing. Read more

Beijing does make plans to control air-pollution and policy makers do show their attitude on it. Let's hope all can be carried out effectively and cities around Beijing also need participate. Read more

It s quite astounding to know that European cities too are struggling from air pollution. As someone who resided in new delhi for five long years, particularly is cognizant of the miserable ambience over there.Public transportation has been intentionally made harder for commuters. Apparently, a nexus exists there to the advantage of motor manufacturing companies. Motorcycle makers thrive on bitumen less mangy roads. Air pollution is really a core issue. People who reside in a big city,for making a better life,shouldn't repay this by being permanent visitors to doctors. Governments should do all to avoid public health hazard. Read more

It would be nice to have this in at least one OTHER European language so that more Europeans (and not just those with an expensive education) can follow the discussion. England isn't even part of the Eurozone. Read more

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