Electrified cars offer many advantages over their petrol and diesel rivals, especially if most of your driving is around town. Not only do they help you save money on fuel and be more environmentally friendly, but they attract greatly reduced road tax or are exempt entirely.

Charging an electric car is far cheaper than filling a fuel tank with petrol or diesel. For example, if electricity costs 10p per kWh, you could home-charge a Nissan Leaf to 100% for a mere £3. A motorway fast-charge will usually cost around £6 to bring the batteries up to 80%. And with most electic cars now able to travel for around 150 miles between charges, range anxiety is less of an issue.

Buying an electric car

True, electric and plug-in hybrid cars are generally more expensive to buy new than their conventionally-powered counterparts, but most qualify for a government grant that will reduce the price. Buy a car that emits less than 50g/km of CO2 and can travel at least 70 miles on electric power alone, and you’ll get a grant of £4500. Or, if the car can travel between 10-69 miles on electric power, you’ll get £2500 off the purchase price.

Plus, a range of car makers are now offering incentives of around £2000 to trade in older diesel cars for newer, cleaner models. You can find out more about the schemes here, which are set to run until the end of this year.

If you’ve decided you want a plug-in hybrid or electric car, there’s a whole minefield of confusing jargon to navigate, though. So, here we explain the terms you’ll hear when researching these cars and what they mean in plain English.

Different types of electric car

Alternatively fuelled vehicle

Any car that doesn’t simply use a conventional petrol or diesel engine falls under this umbrella term.

EV

This stands for electric vehicle, and refers to cars that run solely on electric power. Instead of an engine, they have an electric motor that gets its power from batteries, which you charge by plugging the car into a power source. EVs are exempt from road tax and the London congestion charge.

A hybrid has a regular petrol or diesel engine, plus an electric motor and batteries. The electric power is generated by the engine and through regenerative braking technology, which captures the energy that's usually lost under braking. As a result, you never need to charge these cars, but they can't go far on electric-only power.

PHEVs work in the same way as regular hybrids, but they need their electric batteries charged from an external power source. They have a greater range than regular EVs, and they’re still exempt from the London congestion charge.

These cars mix hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electric power. They are very rare at present, because they're expensive and there are only 12 operational hydrogen charging stations in the UK.

Batteries

kWh

An electric car’s battery will have its capacity measured in Kilowatt Hours (kWh). As an example, the Tesla Model S 85D has an 85kWh battery. It has a real-world range of around 250 miles, meaning you use (on average) 34kWh per hundred miles.

Ah

Occasionally, batteries are measured in Ampere Hours (Ah). The BMW i3 is available in 60Ah or 94Ah forms – these are equivalent to 22 and 33kWh respectively.

Lithium ion

Most electric and hybrid car batteries are made from this, and work in the same way as batteries in household appliances, mobile phones and laptops. Their capacity will decline over time, but not massively – 80% of original capacity after eight years of daily use is expected.

Charging

You can charge an electric car or plug-in hybrid through a mains socket, a specially-fitted home wallbox, or at a public charging station on the road.

Types of charging

There are three types of charger: slow (3kW), fast (7-22kW) and rapid (43-50kW). Rapid chargers are AC or DC, with AC giving up to 43kW charging and DC up to 50kW. The higher a charger’s kW rating, the faster it will charge your car.

Types of plug

Most electric cars have a Type 2 ‘Mennekes’ seven-pin charging plug. Some, such as the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, can also be specified with a five-pin Type 1 plug. If you have a car with a Type 1 plug, you can get a cable that enables it to be charged using a Type 2 charger.

Mains charging

You can charge most electric cars with a standard three-pin plug in a mains socket, although this will take much longer than using a dedicated charging point. We also recommend you have an electrician check everything’s safe to go before you do so.

Wallbox or home charger

You can get a home charging station for your electric car. These are either a slow 3kW charger or a more expensive fast 7kW charger. For the Nissan Leaf, a 3kW charger will give a full charge in 6-8 hours, and a 7kW unit will take 3-4 hours.

Public chargers

These are found at the roadside, in car parks, at motorway service stations, at tourist spots and hotels. They are usually fast or rapid chargers. One of the biggest motorway EV charging providers, Ecotricity, charges £6 for a 30-minute charge with a rapid charger. On a Nissan Leaf, this will fill up the battery to 80% of its full range.

The 10 best electric cars on sale right now

The regular Volkswagen Up is one of our favourite city cars, and this electric version is just as practical and good to drive; it feels almost entirely uncompromised by its conversion to electric power. It's just that unfortunately, it costs twice as much as the petrol models.

One of the more affordable electric models on sale, the Leaf is about the same size as a Vauxhall Astra and similarly easy to drive. There are two battery options to choose from: a 24kWh that allows a theoretical range between charges of 124 miles, and a 30kWh that extends this to 155 miles. The latter is only available on the more expensive trim levels, though.

The Mirai is a hydrogen-fuelled car, which means that you'll need to fill it up with hydrogen at specially chosen filling stations, of which there are currently very few. It's powered by a single 152bhp electric motor and can travel for up to 400 miles between refills. We found it to be quiet and well controlled, but at around £66,000 it's certainly pricey, and with limited volumes coming to the UK it's likely to be a very rare sight.