What is Cutting Speed,Feed ,Depth Of Cut in Machine tools

What is Cutting Speed,Feed ,Depth Of Cut in Machine tools

Cutting speed is defined as the speed at which the work moves with respect to the tool (usually measured in feet per minute).

The cutting speed, expressed in FPM, must not be confused with the spindle speed of the lathe which is expressed in RPM. To obtain uniform cutting speed, the lathe spindle must be revolved faster for workplaces of small diameter and slower for workplaces of large diameter. The proper cutting speed for a given job depends upon the hardness of the material being machined, the material of the tool bit, and how much feed and depth of cut is required. Cutting speeds for metal are usually expressed in surface feet per minute, measured on the circumference of the work

Cutting Speed,Feed ,Depth Of Cut in Machine tools

Feed rate is defined as the distance the tool travels during one revolution of the part. Cutting speed and feed determines the surface finish, power requirements, and material removal rate. The primary factor in choosing feed and speed is the material to be cut. However, one should also consider material of the tool, rigidity of the workpiece, size and condition of the lathe, and depth of cut. For most Aluminum alloys, on a roughing cut (.010 to .020 inches depth of cut) run at 600 fpm. On a finishing cut (.002 to .010 depth of cut) run at 1000 fpm. To calculate the proper spindle speed, divide the desired cutting speed by the circumference of the work. Experiment with feed rates to achieve the desired finish. In considering depth of cut, it’s important to remember that for each thousandth depth of cut, the work diameter is reduced by two thousandths.

Depth of Cut

Depth of cut is the distance that the tool bit moves into the work. usually measured in thousandths of an inch or in millimeters. General machine practice is to use a depth of cut up to five times the rate of feed, such as rough cutting stainless steel using a feed of 0.020 inch per revolution and a depth of cut of 0.100 inch. which would reduce the diameter by 0.200 inch. If chatter marks or machine noise develops, reduce the depth of cut.

The Cutting stroke of a planning machine is 500mm and it is completed in 1 second. The planning table accelerates uniformly during the next 250mm of the stroke and retards uniformly during the last 125 mm of the stroke. Find the maximum cutting speed.