Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD is usually diagnosed in childhood and lasts into adulthood. Sometimes, ADHD is diagnosed for the first time in adolescence or adulthood; however, the symptoms of the disorder must have been present earlier in the person's life for the diagnosis to be made.

There are three types of ADHD, each with different symptoms: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined. Most people living with ADHD have a combination of the inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.

People with predominantly inattentive ADHD often:

Fail to pay close attention to details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities

Struggle to sustain attention to tasks or leisure activities

Do not seem to listen when addressed directly

Do not follow instructions and fail to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace

Forget details about daily activities and are easily distracted by extraneous stimuli

People with predominantly hyperactive/impulsive ADHD often:

Squirm in their seats or fidget with their hands or feet

Leave their seats when expected to remain still

Move excessively or feel restless during situations in which such behaviour is inappropriate

Experience difficulty engaging in leisure activities quietly

Talk excessively and blurt out answers before questions have been completed

Find it difficult to wait their turn; interrupt others

How is ADHD treated?

Stimulant medication is effective in most cases to help reduce (often dramatically) the signs and symptoms of ADHD. Psychotherapy (which may include Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy) is employed to help improve time management and organizational skills, develop more effective problem-solving strategies, and enhance self-esteem.