Several of the great extinction events of the past may have involved such an event. For example : the 'dinosaur killer' asteroid of 60 million years ago, that ended the Cretaceous, may have led to the world being essentially blacked out for a long time. While a lot of life forms went extinct, including dinosaurs, the recovery also led to a diversification of mammals and birds, that led to the world today.

So what would be the likelihood of this happening again, do you think?

It's pretty much inevitable that the earth will be hit by a big asteroid again sooner or later (unless humans are able to detect and divert them). Whether it will happen in ten years or ten million, no one really knows.