Maurice Ernest GibbCBE (/ˈmɔːrɪs/; 22 December 1949 – 12 January 2003) was a British singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer, who achieved fame as a member of the pop group the Bee Gees. Although his brothers Barry and Robin Gibb were the group's main lead singers, most of their albums included at least one or two compositions by Maurice, including "Lay It on Me", "Country Woman", and "On Time". The Bee Gees were one of the most successful rock-pop groups ever.[3] Gibb's role in the group focused on melody and arrangements, providing backing vocal harmony and playing a variety of instruments.[4]

Born on the Isle of Man, Gibb started his music career in 1955 in Manchester, England, joining the skiffle-rock and roll group the Rattlesnakes[1], which later evolved into the Bee Gees in 1958 when they moved to Australia.[5] They returned to England, where they achieved worldwide fame. In 2002, the Bee Gees were appointed as CBEs for their "contribution to music". Following his death in 2003, Gibb's son collected his award at Buckingham Palace in 2004.[6]

Maurice Ernest Gibb was born in Douglas, Isle of Man,[8] on 22 December 1949, the son of Hugh Gibb, a drummer, and his wife Barbara (née Pass). He was the fraternal twin of Robin Gibb, and was the younger of the two by 35 minutes. At that time, he had one sister, Lesley, and one additional brother, Barry (another brother, Andy, would be born in 1958).

In January 1955, the Gibbs moved back to Manchester, England. Around 1955, Gibb and his brothers were heard harmonising by their parents. Also in 1955, he started his music career when he joined the skiffle/rock and roll group the Rattlesnakes with his brothers and two friends, Paul Frost and Kenny Horrocks, who were their neighbours. The group's first major appearance was on 28 December 1957 when they performed at a local Gaumont cinema where children were invited to sing between films. They had planned to sing along to a 78 rpm record which Lesley had just been given as a Christmas present, but on the way Gibb and his brother Robin dropped and broke it, so they sang live. The audience were pleased by their singing, which may have been the song "Wake Up Little Susie" by the Everly Brothers.[1][9]

When he was 8 years old, Gibb emigrated to Redcliffe, in Queensland, Australia, with his family. Shortly after, he and his brothers formed the Bee Gees. By January 1963 the Gibbs moved to Sydney. The group's first single was "The Battle of the Blue and the Grey" but it failed to chart. Around 1963, the Gibb brothers worked with Judy Stone, Johnny Devlin and Jimmy Hannan. By 1964, Gibb made his first appearance as an instrumentalist on the beat-influenced "Claustrophobia". Also in 1964, the Gibb brothers worked with Johnny Devlin and Trevor Gordon.[10] Around 1965, the Gibb brothers worked with Trevor Gordon, Michelle Rae and Noeleen Batley.[11] In 1966 the three Gibb brothers wrote their first song, "The Storm". Also in 1966, Gibb began his career as the lead guitarist and bassist for the band; around the same time, he recorded his first solo composition, "All by Myself", on which he also played guitar. Around 1966, the Gibb brothers worked with Bip Addison, Sandy Summers, Anne Shelton, Vince Maloney, April Bryon, MPD Ltd, Ray Brown and the Whispers, Ronnie Burns, Lori Balmer, Marty Rhone, Vyt, Python Lee Jackson, Dennis Knight, Barrington Davis, Jenene and Jon Blanchfield. Their second album, Spicks and Specks (1966), included "Where Are You", Gibb's first solo writing credit to be released.[4]

"Maurice is closer to my attitudes and ideas. He has the same kind of humour as I have. We have other common interests like playing chess. He's the kind of guy who will come over and give you a hand washing the car".[1]

—Colin Petersen, drummer for the Bee Gees on telling his band mates' personalities

Maurice and Barry alone comprised the Bee Gees on the 1969 album Cucumber Castle during Robin's absence as a soloist. They sang the hit "Don't Forget to Remember" (which reached number two on the UK chart while Robin's first solo single, "Saved by the Bell", also reached number two) and follow up singles; "IOIO" and "Tomorrow, Tomorrow" with Barry taking lead and Maurice providing harmony vocals, but the duo version of the group enjoyed dwindling success. A supergroup in 1969 called The Fut was formed at a Tin Tin session and they recorded "Have You Heard the Word" while Gibb was still a Bee Gee, and released later as a single, the band consisting of Gibb on vocals/bass/guitar, Steve Kipner and Steve Groves on vocals with Billy Lawrie also providing background vocals. "Have You Heard the Word" features Gibb impersonating John Lennon by singing the song, and the Beatles fans thought that it was the lost Beatles song which was not released. In 1985, Yoko Ono attempted to register the song as Lennon's composition.[16]

On 1 December 1969, Maurice and brother Barry announced to the world that the Bee Gees had broken up.[17]

I suppose it was a good thing to get it out of my system, but at the same time, I never thought we would never sing together again. I started off intending to make go of it, but I soon found something was missing. I'd write songs and want desperately to play them to my brothers, but because of all the squabbles, I didn't feel I could. Then our record company unintentionally seemed to be trying to sabotage our solo careers. Distribution problems hit my solo single, ['Railroad'] Barry's first single, ['I'll Kiss Your Memory'] and Robin's second single ['One Million Years']

In April 1970 Gibb released his first solo single, "Railroad" backed with "I've Come Back". His debut solo album, The Loner, has not yet been released. All of the songs on the album feature guitar work by Stone the Crows' Leslie Harvey. In May 1970 the album Sing a Rude Song was released in the UK with Gibb singing lead vocals on the three songs on the album. By 1976, New Blood Records issued Bee Gees Information which was credited to Gibb himself and features four songs from The Loner, but was only a limited edition for fan club, although the EP has no title but the picture sleeve of that has the club name ("Bee Gees Information") in large letters.[18] In 1970, he formed a supergroupThe Bloomfields with Billy Lawrie and they recorded a short version of "The Loner", which was released as a single in 1972 on Pye Records and intended for the film Bloomfield[19][20]

The Bee Gees reunited on 21 August 1970. Maurice later began taking a few lead vocals on a Bee Gees tracks in the 70s such as "Lay It on Me", "Country Woman", "On Time" and "You Know It's For You".

In 1981, he recorded some instrumental tracks for his unreleased instrumental album Strings and Things, including "Image of Samantha", which seems refer to his daughter Samantha.[21]

In 1982, Gibb appeared at the San Remo Festival and performed "Wildflower", a Bee Gees' song on which he provided lead vocals from Living Eyes.[22] In 1983, Gibb re-recorded "On Time" at the same time as "Hold Her in Your Hand". By February 1984, he collaborated with arranger Jimmie Haskell for the film soundtrack of A Breed Apart, recorded at Gold Star Studios in Los Angeles. By March, he recorded "Miami, A Musical Score", this song was later used for a promotional film in Miami. His second single "Hold Her in Your Hand" was only issued in UK, Australia and South Africa.[23] In September 1986, the Bee Gees began writing and recording songs for their upcoming album ESP.[24] on which Maurice took lead vocal on the song "Overnight".

Gibb composed and recorded the instrumental "The Supernaturals" in July 1985, it was later dubbed on the film of the same name, he also appeared on the film doing a cameo appearance.[25] On 24 April 2001, The Bee Gees released their 23rd and final studio album, This Is Where I Came In, which included his compositions, "Walking on Air" and "Man in the Middle".

From 1967 to 1979, he played bass guitar both studio and live. On live performances of the group, an additional musician is taking the bass part when Gibb switched to piano. During the period from 1975 to 1979 he primarily played bass, creating distinctive syncopated funk bass lines which provided the foundation for the band's driving disco sound. Gibb played Mellotron on several Bee Gees songs, most notably "Every Christian Lion Hearted Man Will Show You" and "Kilburn Towers" The piano on songs like "Words", "First of May" and "Lonely Days" is Gibb's. He played the Moog synthesizer on the song "Sweet Song of Summer" (1972). Since 1987, he played keyboards on most of the songs in the group's performances, but still played bass or guitar occasionally.[27][28][29][30]

Gibb debuted his career as an instrumentalist in 1964 on "Claustrophobia". Also he occasionally played lead guitar (including using the acoustic guitar given to him by John Lennon, which he used on "This Is Where I Came In", 2001).[31] In the reunited Bee Gees from 1987 onward, Gibb was the group's resident expert on all technical phases of recording and co-ordinated musicians and engineers to create much of the group's sound. He also contributed lead guitar on the Bee Gees' recordings in 1966. His composition on which he played lead guitar was "Country Woman" which was the B-side for the group's hit, "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart", as well as some songs on 2 Years On including "Back Home", "Lay It on Me" and "Every Second, Every Minute". On his guitar work on "Back Home", Bruce Eder of AllMusic declared the track as the loudest guitar ever heard on a Bee Gees record.[32]

On average, Gibb sang lead on one or two songs for each album and he was the lead vocalist on some Bee Gees tracks including "On Time", "Lay It on Me", Closer Than Close, and his last song Man in the Middle. His first composition is "All by Myself" recorded in 1966 but not released until 1970 on Inception/Nostalgia. On the Bee Gees' performances of "Nights on Broadway", Gibb sang falsetto on it, rather than Barry who originally sang falsetto on the studio recording.[33] He also showcases his singing career on his unreleased LP The Loner.

As a songwriter, Gibb contributed primarily to melody, with his brothers writing the lyrics that they would sing on the finished song (for the most part). It is difficult to identify his contributions because the songs were so shaped to the singer, but his brothers' continued writing collaboration with him on solo projects shows how much they relied on him. He was sometimes known as "the quiet one" for his less obvious contributions to the group, but privately he was a good teller of stories, who immensely enjoyed talking with fans. His reputation as a mild-mannered, stabilising influence with two very ambitious brothers continued through his life.[34] His comic personality shone on stage during Bee Gees concerts when the brothers would perform an acoustic medley. Many times during the song "Holiday", Maurice would mock Robin while he was singing or pretend he was bored (Maurice did not sing on the original record).

In 1966, Gibb became a session musician in Australia for other artists including Bip Addison, Anne Shelton, April Bryon, Barrington Davis and singer Jon.[4] Around 1969, Gibb worked with his next-door neighbour, BeatleRingo Starr, and the result was the track "Modulating Maurice" but it was not released. Gibb played piano on the track "Saved by the Bell" as well as bass on "Mother and Jack" both songs performed by Robin Gibb for his first solo album.[15]

Around 1970, Gibb played piano on George Harrison's song "Isn't It a Pity" and Genesis' Phil Collins remembers him being present when he played on that song.[35] In 1971, he produced Lulu's 1971 song "Everybody Clap",[36] which features Gibb on guitar, Leslie Harvey on guitar, former Manfred Mann and Cream member Jack Bruce on bass, and Led Zeppelin's John Bonham on drums. Bonham and his wife, Pat Philips became friends with Gibb and Lulu.[37] Also in that year, he played bass on Billy Lawrie's 1973 song "Freedom". Future Wings and former Thunderclap Newman guitarist Jimmy McCulloch played guitar on that song, and McCulloch suggests that it was recorded at around the same time as Lulu's "Everybody Clap", with Stone the Crows' Maggie Bell providing backing vocals.[38] On 17 January 1972, Gibb produced, with Billy Lawrie, "Baby Come on Home", released as a single also in that year. In April 1972, Gibb produced Jimmy Stevens' album Don't Freak Me Out (called Paid My Dues in US). The same year, Gibb produced Drift Away, an album released by Bob Saker and Mike Berry; it includes a cover version of "On Time".[39] In 1973, Gibb produced and play bass on Jimmy Stevens' unreleased numbers with musicians Alan Kendall, Jimmy McCulloch, Pete Willsher, Zoot Money and singer Paul Jones. In August 1973, Gibb participated on Andy Gibb's first recording session performing two new songs.[40]

In 1978, Gibb produced with Steve Klein the Osmonds' album Steppin' Out, features a cover version of Bee Gees' "Rest Your Love on Me". Also in 1978, Gibb composed "The Love That Was Lost", with Blue Weaver on keyboard and arranged by Mike Lewis, who also arranged for the disco group KC and the Sunshine Band.[41] In 1980, Gibb co-wrote with Tim Rice "Last Affair of the Heart", which was recorded by Elaine Paige in AIR Studios in London along with "Secrets" and "Carried Away".[42] In 1982, Gibb took part in Barry's original demo recording of the song "Eyes That See in the Dark", a song intended for Kenny Rogers' album of the same name. In August 1982, Gibb wrote and recorded "Spirit of the Snow" and intended for the film A Christmas Carol. Gibb worked with Robin on his three albums How Old Are You? (1983), Secret Agent (1984) and Walls Have Eyes (1985). Gibb co-wrote "Shine, Shine" with his brother Barry and keyboardist George Bitzer, the song later became a Top 40 for Barry in the US.[23] In 1985, Gibb sang background vocals on Larry Gatlin's songs "Indian Summer", available on Gatlin's album Smile with Gatlin and Roy Orbison on lead vocals; another track "Didn't We Call It (Falling in Love)" was not released.[25] In 1986, Gibb produced Carola's album Runaway. Also in 1986, Gibb participated on The Bunbury songs "Up the Revolution", "Fight (No Matter How Long)", "Bunbury Afternoon" and "Seasons".

One of Gibb's last recordings was on the demo of "I Cannot Give You My Love" on which he played keyboards with his brother Barry taking the lead vocals. The song was intended for Cliff Richard.[43]

Gibb met Scottish pop singer Lulu through Colin Petersen. Lulu recalls about Maurice, "I thought Maurice was cute, so I said, 'In that case, tell him to stop talking about me and take me out', He did just that, I never expected much to come from this, but in fact our relationship grew, after a fashion. Going steady is quite the wrong way to describe what was happening between us. Going unsteady might better sum up the way we fell in and out with each other". According to Lulu, she, Maurice, and Robert Stigwood watched Pink Floyd at the Saville Theatre in London. Later, after his relationship with Lulu had become public knowledge, he said: "Lulu and I met on the Top of the Pops TV show three months ago, and then at the Saville Theatre in London last month".[1] Later in 1968, Lulu was seen out on the town with Davy Jones of The Monkees; Jones was also a friend of Maurice's. As Gibb recalled, "Davy Jones was a good friend of mine, I broke it off with Lulu over the phone and Davy called me up and said 'I am going to ask Lu to dinner with some friends, is that all right?' I said, 'Yes, I am not going out with her anymore, have a ball' and threw the phone down. They then took so many photos of them and made it look like a six-month romance, but she had only been out with him that one night, she did not even want to go out. She phoned me the next day and she was crying, saying she was sorry". Maurice later regretted not accepting her apology. "We just grew up, that's all," Maurice admitted. "We were miserable apart and when we started going out again, it got so that I didn't want to be with anyone. I used to phone her up from Los Angeles about twice a day. Then she'd call me back. We used to make about 90-minute calls".[1]

In the same year, Gibb was seen around town with Hungarian singer Sarolta Zalatnay, but he later insisted: "I'm not a Casanova and it's all most unfortunate. I've never been publicised to be available. Because of the stories of my affairs with Lulu and Sarolta, the fans feel, 'Oh, we won't bother about Maurice because he's always got a steady girl'.

Gibb recalled the first meeting with Lulu's parents, his future-in-laws, "I went up to Glasgow to meet Lu's parents, and I was told that Billy, who is younger than Lu, would be at the station to meet me. I got off the train and was walking along the platform when I saw him. I didn't need to speak, I knew it was Billy and I went up to him and said, 'You're Billy, aren't you?', he said, 'You must be Maurice' and we had met".[1] Maurice and Lulu married on 18 February 1969 and divorced in 1975.[44] Their careers and his heavy drinking forced them apart and they divorced, childless, in 1975.[45] Gibb later stated they both drank: "We didn't have any responsibilities, we'd just party."[46]

He married his second wife, Yvonne Spenceley Gibb, on 17 October 1975. They had two children, Adam (born February 23, 1976) and Samantha (born July 2, 1980) Gibb,[47] and their marriage lasted until his death. Maurice's alcoholic nadir came in 1991, when he pulled a gun on his wife and children after a month-long bender.[46] They left him and immediately went over to brother Barry's house, refusing to come back until he had done something about his drinking. Maurice went into rehab, calling Yvonne telling her he was going to stay because he really wanted to stop drinking. She said that was the call she had been waiting for.[46]

Gibb said he had "battled the booze" since the 1970s. John Lennon introduced him to his favourite drink, scotch and coke:[48] "If he had given me cyanide, I would have drunk the cyanide, I was so in awe of the man."[46][49] With his neighbour Ringo Starr he would go out drinking. It got to the point where he became unreliable and prior to going onstage would have to feel his way along the wall to get there, according to Barry.[46] One factor in Maurice's recovery was the active intervention of his brothers, who had recently lost their youngest brother Andy. In an interview, Maurice acknowledged that his final years of alcohol abuse had been driven by his failure to reach Andy before his death, and his subsequent guilt. After rehab, Maurice started to rediscover his family again, spending quality time with them. To celebrate this, he and Yvonne renewed their wedding vows in 1992. The ceremony was attended not only by many members of their families but many of the friends Gibb made while at the rehabilitation centre.[46] Maurice would remain sober until his death.

Maurice died unexpectedly at the age of 53 at Mount Sinai Medical Center in Miami Beach, Florida, on 12 January 2003, due to complications of a twisted intestine, with his wife, children, and brothers at his side.[50] His funeral service was attended by Michael Jackson, Harry Wayne Casey, Jennifer Valoppi, and Nat Kipner. Valoppi, a family friend said, "It was emotional, there was humor. Everybody talked about how this was a man who really celebrated life and so this was a celebration of his life."[51] Gibb's ex-wife Lulu was reported to have attended his funeral.[52] Kipner, who managed the early Bee Gees career in Australia in 1966 spoke fondly of his memories: "But I had a business in Australia and I didn't want to go. So I gave them their contract back. One of the dumb things I've done," he joked.[51]

After his funeral service, his body was cremated. His brothers Barry and Robin ceased performing as a group for a time,[53] but later decided to perform occasionally under the Bee Gees banner[54] before twin brother Robin died of liver and kidney failure on 20 May 2012 after a long battle with colorectal cancer.[55] Barry and Robin Gibb told the BBC about Maurice's death, "The fact that they had to operate on Maurice during the shock of cardiac arrest is questionable." Barry said "None of the sequence of events have yet made sense to us."[56] Robin Gibb spoke to Mojo magazine about Maurice's death in 2003: "We were kids together, and teenagers. We spent the whole of our lives with each other because of our music. I can't accept that he's dead. I just imagine he's alive somewhere else."[57]

A recording studio at Chorlton High School, one of the schools the brothers attended, commemorates Gibb.[61] In honouring Gibb, his brother Barry Gibb noted: "Mo was a real McCartney bass freak, as a lot of us were. He would pick up on all the things that McCartney would [do]. Maurice was very good on different instruments, you know. Good lead guitarist, good bass player, good keyboard player. He was versatile. He loved playing bass more than anything else, I think, at that time."[62]

Bassist Barry Pethers of the band Trafficker says that Gibb inspired him to play at a time when he was about to throw it all in, "If Maurice had not been so generous my life would be different now. I owe him everything. His warmth and love will stay with me forever".[63]

1.
Maurie Gibb
–
Maurie Gibb was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League during the 1930s and early 1940s. Gibb originally tried out for Carlton but after being rejected was picked up by Melbourne and he was a forward and had his most prolific season in 1935 when he topped Melbournes goalkicking with 59 goals in a tally which included two bags of nine. In 1940 and 1941 Gibb played in back to back premiership teams, maurie Gibbs statistics from AFL Tables Demon Wiki profile

2.
Order of the British Empire
–
There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters

3.
Douglas, Isle of Man
–
Douglas is the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man, with a population of 27,938. It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, the River Douglas forms part of the towns harbour and main commercial port. Douglas was a settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century. The town is the Islands main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, the annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas. In the absence of any data, the origins of the town may be revealed by analysis of the original street. Scholars agree that the name of the town derives from Early Celtic Duboglassio meaning black river and these may be references to the site of the later Nunnery, a little upstream from the port. This suggests that the origins of the nucleus were as a non-urban port. Current speculation links the buildings with the Irish Sea Herring fishery. Other forms of trade grew, and following the Revestment Act 1765, Douglas began to reap the benefits of trans-Atlantic trade. Legitimate merchants who rose to prominence over the period included the Murreys, the Moores, the towns later prosperity was facilitated by the low cost of living, and the favourable legal status enjoyed by English debtors and half-pay officers. The initial growth and development of the town owed much to its natural harbour, over the 18th century, the towns population rose from about 800 in 1710 to nearly 2,500 in 1784. Throughout the 19th century, the towns demographics followed the trends as the United Kingdom. The number of visitors grew from the early 19th century, and from around 1870 onwards. But there were increasingly unsanitary conditions, and poor quality housing, the open sewage, middens, and smell from the harbour at low tide all contributed to the towns uncleanliness. Douglas in the first half of the 19th century often suffered from the destitution of its population and the many epidemics, in particular cholera. However, an Act passed later that decade, which did not include opt-out clauses, was accepted, and in 1860, Douglas elected its first town council, which was predominantly middle class in its makeup. The Town Commissioners could tackle the problems with greater efficiency. The Commissioners also designed to alter the anachronistic architecture of Douglas, built during the era of fishing and trading, the proportion of the Manx population living in Douglas was also expanding, with 35% living there by 1891

4.
Manchester
–
Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 as of 2013. It lies within the United Kingdoms second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million, Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council and it was historically a part of Lancashire, although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated during the 20th century. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a township but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century. Manchesters unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and its fortunes declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation. The city centre was devastated in a bombing in 1996, but it led to extensive investment, in 2014, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked Manchester as a beta world city, the highest-ranked British city apart from London. Manchester is the third-most visited city in the UK and it is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the worlds first inter-city passenger railway station and in the city scientists first split the atom, the name Manchester originates from the Latin name Mamucium or its variant Mancunium and the citizens are still referred to as Mancunians. These are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name, both meanings are preserved in languages derived from Common Brittonic, mam meaning breast in Irish and mother in Welsh. The suffix -chester is a survival of Old English ceaster and their territory extended across the fertile lowland of what is now Salford and Stretford. Central Manchester has been settled since this time. A stabilised fragment of foundations of the version of the Roman fort is visible in Castlefield. After the Roman withdrawal and Saxon conquest, the focus of settlement shifted to the confluence of the Irwell, much of the wider area was laid waste in the subsequent Harrying of the North. Thomas de la Warre, lord of the manor, founded and constructed a church for the parish in 1421. The church is now Manchester Cathedral, the premises of the college house Chethams School of Music. The library, which opened in 1653 and is open to the public today, is the oldest free public reference library in the United Kingdom. Manchester is mentioned as having a market in 1282, around the 14th century, Manchester received an influx of Flemish weavers, sometimes credited as the foundation of the regions textile industry

5.
Miami Beach, Florida
–
Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It was incorporated on March 26,1915, the municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 square miles of Miami Beach, along with downtown Miami, as of the 2010 census, Miami Beach had a total population of 87,779. It has been one of Americas pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century, in 1979, Miami Beachs Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world and comprises hundreds of hotels, apartments, mediterranean, Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District. The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East, Lenox Court on the West, 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North. The movement to preserve the Art Deco Districts architectural heritage was led by interior designer Barbara Capitman. Miami Beach is governed by a mayor and six commissioners. Although the mayor runs commission meetings, the mayor and all commissioners have equal voting power and are elected by popular election. The mayor serves for terms of two years with a limit of three terms and commissioners serve for terms of four years and are limited to two terms. Commissioners are voted for citywide and every two years three commission seats are voted upon, a city manager is responsible for administering governmental operations. An appointed city manager is responsible for administration of the city, the City Clerk and the City Attorney are also appointed officials. In 1870, a father and son, Henry and Charles Lum, the first structure to be built on this uninhabited oceanfront was the Biscayne House of Refuge, constructed in 1876 by the United States Life-Saving Service at approximately 72nd Street. Its purpose was to provide food, water, and a return to civilization for people who were shipwrecked, Collins family members saw the potential in developing the beach as a resort. This effort got underway in the years of the 20th century by the Collins/Pancoast family, the Lummus brothers. Until then, the beach here was only the destination for day-trips by ferry from Miami, there were bath houses and food stands, but no hotel until Browns Hotel was built in 1915. Much of the land mass at that time was a tangled jungle of mangroves. Clearing it, deepening the channels and water bodies, and eliminating native growth almost everywhere in favor of landfill for development, was expensive

6.
Rock music
–
It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis

7.
Pop music
–
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions

8.
Polydor Records
–
Polydor is a British record label and company, that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a relationship with Universals Interscope Geffen A&M label. In turn, Polydor distributes Interscope releases in the United Kingdom, Polydor Records Ltd. was established in London in 1954 as a British subsidiary of German company Deutsche Grammophon GmbH. The Polydor label was founded on 2 April 1913 by German Polyphon-Musikwerke AG in Leipzig, during World War I on 24 April 1917, Polyphon-Musikwerke AG acquired the German Deutsche Grammophon-Aktiengesellschaft record plant and company from the German government. The German state was taken over Grammophon and the British holdings as enemies property during World War I, Polydor was originally an independent branch of the Polyphon-Grammophon-Konzern group. It was used as a label since 1924. The British and German branches of the Gramophone Company were so departed during World War I, in turn, Deutsche Grammophon records exported from Germany were released on the Polyphon Musik and Polydor labels. The new foreign branches were founded for example into Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Polydor became a popular music label in 1946, while the new Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft label was to become a classical music label in 1949. The previously used label, Grammophon, was disbanded, DGG gave, with an agreement dated 5 July 1949, an exclusive license from 1 July 1951 to use the Nipper-dog with gramophone to the original owners company Electrola, the German branch of EMI. In 1970, Polydor acquired the Hong Kong-based Diamond Records, which had owned and founded by the local Portuguese merchant Ren da Silva in the late 1950s. In 1972, The Grammophon-Philips Group reorganized to create PolyGram, the Polydor label continued to run as a subsidiary label under the new company. The name PolyGram is a portmanteau of Polydor and PhonoGram, into the 1980s, Polydor continued to do respectable business, in spite of becoming increasingly overshadowed by its PolyGram sister label Mercury Records. Polydor took over management of British Deccas pop catalog, A&R manager Frank Neilson was able to score a major top ten hit in March 1981 for the label with Do The Hucklebuck by Coast to Coast as well as signing Ian Dury and Billy Fury to the company. In 1984, the name was parodied in the rockumentary film This Is Spinal Tap. By the early 1990s, Polydor had begun to underperform, in 1994, as Island Records recovered from its sales slump, PolyGram dissolved most of PLG into it. Meanwhile, Polydor Records and Atlas Records merged, briefly called Polydor/Atlas, in 1995, Polydor/Atlas became simply Polydor Records again. Over the next few years, Polydor tried to keep itself afloat with new artist signings, new releases, in 1998, PolyGram was purchased by Seagram and absorbed into its Universal Music Group. Today, in America, the Polydor Records name and logo is used on reissues of older material from its 1960s and 1970s heyday

9.
Atco Records
–
ATCO Records is an American record company and label founded in 1955 as a division of Atlantic Records. It was devised as an outlet for productions by one of Atlantics founders, Herb Abramson and it was also intended as a home for acts that did not fit the format of Atlantic, which was releasing blues, jazz, rhythm and blues, and soul. The Atco name is an abbreviation of ATlantic COrporation, Atco also provided distribution for other labels, including RSO Records, Volt, Island, Modern, Ruthless, and Rolling Stones Records. For most of its history Atco was known for pop music and rock and roll and these included Harry Arnold, Betty Carter, King Curtis, Herb Geller, Roland Hanna, and Helen Merrill. Atcos rock era began with Bobby Darin and The Coasters, in the early 1960s Atlantic began to license material from international sources, leading to instrumental hit singles from Jorgen Ingmann, Acker Bilk and Bent Fabric. Starting in the mid-1960s, Atco moved into rock-and-roll with Sonny and Cher, Buffalo Springfield, Vanilla Fudge, in 1964 Atco released a single in the U. S. by The Beatles, Aint She Sweet, which had been recorded in Hamburg in 1961. With lead vocals by John Lennon, Aint She Sweet reached #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in August 1964, in 1966 Atco released Substitute by The Who. This would be the only Who recording to appear on Atco, although Pete Townshend, Atlantic de-emphasized Atco in the mid-1970s, using the label mostly for hard rock acts and some British and European bands. In the mid-1970s Atco issued early albums from AC/DC, starting in 1978, AC/DC releases were issued on Atlantic until their contract with the label ended in the 1990s. In 1980 Atcos visibility rose with strong performances from Pete Townshends Empty Glass album. The last #1 hit on Atco was If Wishes Came True by Sweet Sensation in 1990, in 1991 Sylvia Rhone merged Atco with Atlantics fledgling EastWest Records America label and briefly operated the combination as Atco–East West Records America. By 1994 the Atco name was dropped and the label continued operating as EastWest Records America, since then the Atco name and logo appeared only on reissues of old material through Elektra. As of mid-2005 its most recent release was the soundtrack of the Bobby Darin biopic Beyond the Sea, in 2006, Warner Music Group reactivated Atco Records in conjunction with Rhino Entertainment. Scarlett Johansson, Keith Sweat, and Art Garfunkel were among the first artists signed to the label, Garfunkel issued Some Enchanted Evening on January 30,2007. Johansson issued Anywhere I Lay My Head on May 20,2008, queensrÿche released its American Soldier album on Atco on March 31,2009. The New York Dolls released its album Cause I Sez So on Atco on May 5,2009, the following is a list of artists who have recorded for Atco Records

10.
Pye Records
–
Pye Records was a British record label. Its best known artists were Lonnie Donegan, Petula Clark, the Searchers, the label changed its name in 1980, but was briefly reactivated in 2006. The Pye Company originally manufactured televisions and radios and its main plant was situated off what used to be Haig Road, in Cambridge, and it entered the record business when it bought Nixa Records in 1953. In 1958, Pye International Records was established, the company licensed recordings from American and other foreign labels for the UK market, including Chess, A&M, Kama Sutra, Colpix, Warner Bros. Buddah, Cameo, 20th Century, and King and it also released recordings from British artist Labi Siffre which were produced outside the company. In 1959, Pye Nixa became Pye Records and ATV acquired 50% of the label, ATV bought the other half of the business in 1966. The company entered the album market in 1957, reissuing older Pye material on Pye Golden Guinea Records. This was closed in the seventies and eventually replaced by Marble Arch Records, Pye also offered a series of 4D quadraphonic albums, using the Sansui QS matrix system. In 1969, Pye launched a less mainstream label for folk, jazz, blues and progressive acts, Dawn Records, the most successful Dawn act being Mungo Jerry. When the rights to the name Pye expired in 1980, the changed its name to PRT. Postman Pat songs and music from the series were recorded at PRT Studios. PRTs parent company ACC was purchased by the Bell Group of Australia in 1982, in 1988 the Bell Group was purchased by the Bond Corporation. However, the Bond Corporation was suffering financial problems itself and proceeded to sell of most of its assets. PRTs record and cassette factory was sold to another record manufacturer, the masters of PRTs catalogue were sold to Castle Communications. Precision Records & Tapes Ltd, formerly Pye Records Ltd, was liquidated in December 2013. In July 2006, Pye Records was reactivated by Sanctuary Records as an indie and alternative label, however, plans for continued usage of the Pye name were abandoned when Universal Music Group bought Sanctuary in 2007. Pye Records was a company to the better known ATV Music Publishing. This company, which owned Beatles publisher Northern Songs, was bought by Michael Jackson in 1985, Records, Donovan to Hickory Records, the Searchers to Mercury Records, Liberty Records, and finally Kapp Records, and Status Quo to Chess Records

11.
Capitol Records
–
Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra

12.
RCA Records
–
RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period

13.
The Rattlesnakes (1955 band)
–
The Rattlesnakes were a British skiffle/rock and roll group, formed by Barry Gibb in Manchester in 1955, which eventually evolved into the Bee Gees in 1958. Barry started a group which his younger brothers Robin and Maurice Gibb also joined as vocalists, after they returned to their parents hometown in Manchester. Their friends/neighbors, Paul Frost and Kenny Horrocks later joined and their debut performance in public happened in December 1957 in Gaumont Cinema, performing The Everly Brothers Wake Up Little Susie. Some of their influences at that time were Elvis Presley, The Everly Brothers, Tommy Steele, Buddy Holly, on 12 January 2003, Maurice died unexpectedly at the age of 53, of a cardiac arrest, while waiting to undergo surgery for a twisted intestine. On 20 May 2012, Robin died at the age of 62 from liver, on 17 November 2012, Frost died in England after a long battle with cancer at age 64. As of 2015, Barry Gibb and Kenny Horrocks were the remaining survivors of The Rattlesnakes. In 1955, the Gibbs moved back to Manchester where they attended school, but Barry didnt like school at all, after that, they formed a skiffle band, The Rattlesnakes, in 1955. According to Horrocks, the name The Rattlesnakes was hand-painted by Barry on the side of the tea-chest bass, wed see this and look at each other and say, Oh we should try and do that, thats fun. I was on my bike going down Buckingham Road in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, a boy called Paul Frost, another called Kenny Horrocks and another called Nicholas were running after me with the twins. We were joking about kids miming to records at the theatre before the matinee started on Saturday morning. The kids used to mime to Elvis Presley records with plastic guitars, I suggested that we did this with an Everly Brothers disc. We asked the manager and he said okay. We decided to do it the week after Christmas, Robin talks about the formation of the Rattlesnakes, I enjoyed my time at Oswald Road. It was the first school where I made really good friends - Paul Frost and we still get letters today from the school, asking us to pay a visit, and we think of it very fondly. We lived in Keppel Road and had little money. My father had two or three different jobs at once to support our big family - my sister Lesley, Barry, Maurice, me and, later, Andy. The line-up at that time was Barry on guitar, Frost on drums, Horrocks on tea-chest bass and their skiffle era tea-chest bass was also stored there. After months of service, the tea-chest box was eventually left out at the side of Frosts house

14.
Bee Gees
–
The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. Their line-up consisted of brothers Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb, the Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists. Born on the Isle of Man to English parents, the Gibb brothers lived in Chorlton, Manchester, England, the family then moved to Redcliffe, in Queensland, Australia, and then to Cribb Island. The Bee Gees have sold more than 220 million records worldwide, the Bee Gees Hall of Fame citation says Only Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees. Following Maurices sudden death in January 2003 at the age of 53, Barry, in 2009 Robin announced that he and Barry had agreed that the Bee Gees would re-form and perform again. Robin died in May 2012 at the age of 62, after a struggle with cancer and other health problems. In December 1957 the boys began to sing in harmony, the story is told that they were going to lip sync to a record in the local Gaumont cinema and as they were running to the theatre, the fragile shellac 78-RPM record broke. The brothers had to sing live and received such a response from the audience that they decided to pursue a singing career. In May 1958 the Rattlesnakes were disbanded when Frost and Horrocks left, with the Gibb brothers then forming Wee Johnny Hayes, in August 1958 the Gibb family, including older sister Lesley and infant brother Andy, emigrated to Redcliffe, just north-east of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia. The young brothers began performing to raise pocket money and they were introduced to leading Brisbane radio DJ Bill Gates by speedway promoter and driver Bill Goode, who had hired the brothers to entertain the crowd at the Redcliffe Speedway in 1960. Gates renamed them the BGs after his, Goodes, and Barry Gibbs initials—thus the name was not specifically a reference to Brothers Gibb, the family relocated to Cribb Island which was later demolished for Brisbane Airport. While there, the brothers went to Northgate State School, by 1960 the Bee Gees were featured on television shows, including their performance of Time Is Passing By. In the next few years they began working regularly at resorts on the Queensland coast, for his songwriting, Barry sparked the interest of Australian star Col Joye, who helped them get a record deal in 1963 with Festival Records subsidiary Leedon Records under the name Bee Gees. The three released two or three singles a year, while Barry supplied additional songs to other Australian artists, in 1962, the Bee Gees were chosen as the supporting act for Chubby Checkers concert at Sydney Stadium. From 1963 to 1966 the Gibb family lived at 171 Bunnerong Road, the house was demolished in 2016. A minor hit in 1965, Wine and Women, led to the groups first LP, The Bee Gees Sing, by 1966 Festival was, however, on the verge of dropping them from the Leedon roster because of their perceived lack of commercial success. It was at time that they met American-born songwriter, producer and entrepreneur, Nat Kipner. Kipner briefly took over as the manager and successfully negotiated their transfer to Spin in exchange for Festival being granted the Australian distribution rights to the groups recordings

15.
Lulu (singer)
–
Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie was born in Lennoxtown, East Dunbartonshire, and grew up in Dennistoun, Glasgow, where she attended Thomson Street Primary School and Onslow Drive School. She lived in Gallowgate for a while before moving to Garfield Street, at 12 or 13, she and her manager approached a band called the Bellrocks seeking stage experience as a singer. She appeared with them every Saturday night, Alex Thomson, the bass player, has reported that even then her voice was remarkable. Lulu has two brothers and a sister and her father was a heavy drinker.7. Massey guided her career for more than 25 years, for most of time they were partners in business. After the success of Shout, Lulus next three singles failed to make an impact on the charts, in 1965 she released Leave A Little Love, which returned her to the UK top ten. Her next record, Try to Understand made the top 30, in 1966, Lulu toured Poland with the Hollies, the first British female singer to appear live behind the Iron Curtain. In the same year she recorded two German-language tracks, Wenn du da bist and So fing es an, for the Decca Germany label, All her Decca recordings were made available in 2009 on a 2-CD entitled Shout. issued on RPM Records. After two hit singles with the Luvvers, Lulu launched her solo career and she left Decca after failing to chart in 1966 and signed with Columbia to be produced by Mickie Most. In April 1967, she returned to the UK singles chart, reaching number 6 with The Boat That I Row, All seven singles she cut with Most made the UK Singles Chart. Nonetheless, when Mickie Most died in 2003, Lulu was full of praise for him, in 1967, she made her film debut in To Sir, with Love, a British vehicle for Sidney Poitier. Lulu both acted in the film and provided the song, with which she had a major hit in the United States. To Sir With Love became the best selling single of 1967 in the US, selling well in excess of a million copies, in the UK, To Sir With Love was released on the B-side of Lets Pretend, a No.11 hit. In the late-1960s Lulus pop career in the UK thrived and she had several series of her own. Her first BBC series aired in 1965 on BBC2, where she co-hosted Gadzooks and its The In-Crowd, with Alan David, completing the run as solo host under the rebranded Gadzooks. In 1966, she made appearances on BBC1s Stramash. The series often featured resident guests, including Adrienne Posta, Roger Kitter, Paul Greenwood and Pans People along with dance troupes choreographed by Nigel Lythgoe, the 1972 series was billed as Its Lulu. Not to mention Dudley Moore with Dudley Moore and his appearing in each of the 13 shows

16.
Barry Gibb
–
With his brothers, Robin and Maurice Gibb, he formed a songwriting partnership beginning in 1966. They returned to England where they achieved worldwide fame and he is also known for his high-pitched falsetto singing voice. Gibb shares the record with John Lennon and Paul McCartney for consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number ones as a writer with six, guinness World Records lists Gibb as the second most successful songwriter in history behind Paul McCartney. Gibbs career has spanned fifty years. In 1994, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame with his brothers, in 1997, as a member of the Bee Gees, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Barry is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, for services to music, Gibb was appointed Commander in the Order of the British Empire at Buckingham Palace on 27 May 2004. In 2007, Q magazine ranked him number 38 on its list of the 100 Greatest Singers, Barry Alan Crompton Gibb was born in Jane Crookall Maternity Home at 8,45 AM in Douglas, Isle of Man, to Hugh Gibb, a drummer, and Barbara Gibb. He has English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry and he has an older sister, Lesley Evans. He was named Barry Alan Crompton Gibb after his fathers youngest brother Alan, when Gibb was born, his father was busy with his music working at various hotels in Douglas, while his mother stayed at home looking after the children. Later, the Gibbs moved to Chapel House on Strang Road, when he was almost two years old, he was badly burned. His mother had just made tea which she had put on the table, he climbed up and pulled the tea pot down and he was in Nobles Hospital for about two-and-a-half months. Gibb later commented on that incident, Then the gangrene set in, because in those days, the advancement of medicine simply didnt apply to people with bad scalds, so you didnt have skin grafts, you didnt have things like that. But this was a particularly bad scald, and I think I had 20 minutes to live at some point, the incredible thing for me is that whole two years is wiped from my memory, the whole period of being in hospital. The idea of being burnt is in somewhere, but I have no knowledge of it. Ive got the scars but I have no knowledge, in 1949, the Gibb family relocated to 50 St. Catherines Drive. Later that year, on 22 December, his two younger brothers Robin and Maurice were born, when the twins were young, they moved to Smedley Cottage, Spring Valley, also in Douglas. Gibb started school on 4 September 1951, three days after his birthday, attending Braddan school. In 1952, the Gibb family relocated to 43 Snaefell Road, Willaston, the same year, he went to Tynwald Street Infants School

17.
Robin Gibb
–
Robin Hugh Gibb CBE was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, who gained worldwide fame as a member of the pop group the Bee Gees. Their younger brother Andy was also a singer, Robin Gibb also had his own successful solo career. Gibb was born on the Isle of Man to English parents, Hugh and Barbara Gibb, the later moved to Manchester before settling in Redcliffe. Gibb began his career as part of the family trio, when the group found their first success, they returned to England where they achieved worldwide fame. In 2002, the Bee Gees were appointed as CBEs for their contribution to music, however, investiture at Buckingham Palace was delayed until 2004. With record sales estimated in excess of 200 million units, the Bee Gees became one of the most successful pop groups of all time. Music historian Paul Gambaccini described Gibb as one of the figures in the history of British music. From 2008 to 2011, Gibb was President of the Heritage Foundation, after a career spanning six decades, Gibb last performed on stage in February 2012 supporting injured British servicemen and women at a charity concert at the London Palladium. On 20 May 2012, Gibb died at the age of 62 from liver, Robin Hugh Gibb was born on 22 December 1949 in Jane Crookall Maternity Home in Douglas, Isle of Man, to Hugh and Barbara Gibb. He was the twin of Maurice Gibb and was the older of the two by 35 minutes. Apart from Maurice, he had one sister, Lesley Evans, as children in Manchester, Gibb and his brothers began committing petty crimes such as arson. In 1953, the Gibbs watched the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on the television and their neighbour in Willaston, Isle of Man, Marie Beck was the friend of his mother and her sister Peggy. Little did I realise he meant it, in 1955, when the Gibbs moved back to their home town of Manchester, the Gibb brothers formed The Rattlesnakes. In May 1958, it was disbanded as Frost and Horrocks left, and the changed to Wee Johnny Hayes. In August 1958, the travelled to Australia on the same ship as Australian musician Red Symons. The name was changed to Bee Gees, when they lived in Queensland. The Bee Gees debut television appearance was in 1960 on Desmond Testers Strictly for Moderns when they performed Time Is Passing By, when they signed to Festival Records at the start of 1963 they released their debut single, The Battle of the Blue and the Grey. Their 1964 single Claustrophobia is notable for being the first song that features Gibb as an instrumentalist playing melodica, the first Bee Gees record on which he sang lead was I Dont Think Its Funny in 1965

18.
2 Years On
–
2 Years On is a 1970 album released by the Bee Gees, which reached No.32 on the US charts, and sold 375,000 copies worldwide. The album saw the return of Robin Gibb to the group after a disagreement and subsequent split following Odessa. 2 Years On was the first album with drummer Geoff Bridgford, the best-known track is Lonely Days. Released as the first single by the brothers, it charted high in the US. On March 1969, Robin announced that he was leaving the band, in June, he released his debut solo single Saved by the Bell, which reached No.2 on the UK charts. In August, drummer Colin Petersen was fired and was replaced by Terry Cox to complete the album Cucumber Castle, before the album was released, Barry and Maurice announced that the Bee Gees had split in December 1969. The pair released singles, Railroad by Maurice and Ill Kiss Your Memory by Barry, during the temporary break-up of the group, Maurice appeared in London musical theatre production Sing a Rude Song. Maurice recalls, We got fed up all the lawyers fighting over our assets, so we walked out of this big summit meeting. Robin and Maurice reunited in June 1970 with new drummer Geoff Bridgford and they recorded four songs, including Sincere Relation and Lay It on Me. We Can Lift a Mountain was also re-recorded, a song from 1968, after that, Maurice joined the supergroup The Bloomfields with Billy Lawrie, and worked with Tin Tin. In August, Maurice and Robin announced that the Bee Gees were back with or without Barrys participation, on 21 August, the three Bee Gees came together to continue recording as Barry announced, The Bee Gees are there and they will never, ever part again. He continues, If a solo record out, it will be with enthusiasm. While Maurice, on the hand, recalls, We just discussed it. Around the same time, Barrys The Day Your Eyes Meet Mine was withdrawn at the last minute in the USA for single release, while Polydor planned to release One Bad Thing as a single by 2 October. Despite Barrys longing to prove himself as a solo artist, it was decided instead that the single should be performed by the Bee Gees as they reunited around the same time. Maurice sings on all songs, but Barry and Robin are only on the ones they wrote or co-wrote, in the August sessions, they also recorded You Got to Lose It In the End, Little Red Train, Sweet Summer Rain, Melody Fair and Maybe Tomorrow

19.
Country Woman
–
This track was released as a double A in Germany, France, Japan and in Canada. This track was sounded like the 1972 song On Time and it was included on their album Trafalgar but it was omitted. It was recorded in April 6 in IBC also a day that they finished the songs Gods Good Grace. Two acoustic guitar work by Maurice and Alan Kendall opens the song, maurices piano work was heard on the instrumental break. He also sing harmony vocals on this song, two other Bee Gees members, Barry Gibb and Robin Gibb did not contribute on the recording. Its style was a rock number and with a piano-led instrumental break was played by Maurice

20.
On Time (song)
–
On Time is a song written by Maurice Gibb and recorded by the Bee Gees released on 14 January 1972 as the B-side of the single My World. It was recorded on 21 October 1971 in London, the day that they finished the song Alive, the swamp rocker On Time was one of Maurices favorites, this being the first of three recordings he made of it. Maurice later described this number as his Swamp period, on Time was only available on vinyl until it was included in the 1990 box set Tales from the Brothers Gibb. The single was released as a double A in the UK, Mexico, in Mexico, the song was released under the title A Tiempo. The song was released in 1971 in other countries like France, Germany, the several guitar tracks may include a contribution from Alan Kendall. And that version was recorded on Middle Ear, Miami Beach, richard Ashcroft recorded his song Are You Ready. for the film The Adjustment Bureau on which samples On Time. Are You Ready. was credited to Ashcroft and Maurice, steve Gibb performed this in his father Barry Gibbs, concert at the Hard Rock in Miami as well as on Barrys Mythology Tour

21.
Melody
–
A melody, also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively and it may be considered the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody, melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches, pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, the true goal of music—its proper enterprise—is melody. All the parts of harmony have as their purpose only beautiful melody. Therefore, the question of which is the significant, melody or harmony, is futile. Beyond doubt, the means is subordinate to the end, given the many and varied elements and styles of melody many extant explanations confine us to specific stylistic models, and they are too exclusive. Paul Narveson claimed in 1984 that more than three-quarters of melodic topics had not been explored thoroughly, melodies in the 20th century utilized a greater variety of pitch resources than ha been the custom in any other historical period of Western music. While the diatonic scale was used, the chromatic scale became widely employed. Composers also allotted a structural role to the dimensions that previously had been almost exclusively reserved for pitch. Kliewer states, The essential elements of any melody are duration, pitch, and quality, texture, for example, Jazz musicians use the term lead or head to refer to the main melody, which is used as a starting point for improvisation. Rock music, melodic music, and other forms of popular music, indian classical music relies heavily on melody and rhythm, and not so much on harmony, as the music contains no chord changes. Balinese gamelan music often uses complicated variations and alterations of a melody played simultaneously. In western classical music, composers often introduce an initial melody, or theme, classical music often has several melodic layers, called polyphony, such as those in a fugue, a type of counterpoint. Often, melodies are constructed from motifs or short melodic fragments, richard Wagner popularized the concept of a leitmotif, a motif or melody associated with a certain idea, person or place. Appropriation Hocket Parsons code, a notation used to identify a piece of music through melodic motion—the motion of the pitch up. Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. p. 517–19, the Art of Melody, p. xix–xxx. A Textbook of Melody, A course in functional melodic analysis, a History Of Melody, Barrie and Rockliff, London

22.
Isle of Man
–
The Isle of Man, also known simply as Mann, is a self-governing crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and Northern Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann, the Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. Foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government, the island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century and the Manx language, in 627, Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most of Mercia. In the 9th century, Norsemen established the Kingdom of the Isles, magnus III, King of Norway, was also known as King of Mann and the Isles between 1099 and 1103. In 1266, the became part of Scotland under the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the short form often used in English, Mann, is derived from the Manx Mannin, though sometimes the name is written as Man. The earliest recorded Manx form of the name is Manu or Mana, the Old Irish form of the name is Manau or Mano. Old Welsh records named it as Manaw, also reflected in Manaw Gododdin, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower Firth of Forth. The oldest known reference to the calls it Mona, in Latin, in the 1st century CE, Pliny the Elder records it as Monapia or Monabia. Later Latin references have Mevania or Mænavia, and Eubonia or Eumonia by Irish writers and it is found in the Sagas of Icelanders as Mön. The name is cognate with the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey, Ynys Môn, usually derived from a Celtic word for mountain. The name was at least secondarily associated with that of Manannán mac Lir in Irish mythology, later, a Manannán is recorded as the first king of Mann in a Manx poem. The island was cut off from the islands around 8000 BC. The first residents were hunter gatherers and fishermen, examples of their tools are kept at the Manx Museum. There were also the local Ronaldsway and Bann cultures, during the Bronze Age, burial mounds became smaller. Bodies were put in stone-lined graves with ornamental containers, the Bronze Age burial mounds created long-lasting markers around the countryside. The ancient Romans knew of the island and called it Insula Manavia although it is whether they conquered the island

23.
Buckingham Palace
–
Buckingham Palace is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and it has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a residence for Queen Charlotte. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. The palace chapel was destroyed by a German bomb during World War II, the original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream, many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London, the state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring. In the Middle Ages, the site of the palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury. The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which flows below the courtyard. Where the river was fordable, the village of Eye Cross grew, ownership of the site changed hands many times, owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey, in 1531, King Henry VIII acquired the Hospital of St James from Eton College, and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey. These transfers brought the site of Buckingham Palace back into royal hands for the first time since William the Conqueror had given it away almost 500 years earlier, various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long fallen into decay. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold, clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana refers to new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. Jamess, this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies, possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blakes house and he did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London and it was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III. The improvident Goring defaulted on his rents, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington obtained the mansion and was occupying it, now known as Goring House, Arlington House rose on the site—the location of the southern wing of todays palace—the next year

24.
The Everly Brothers
–
The Everly Brothers were American country-influenced rock and roll singers, known for steel-string acoustic guitar and close harmony singing. Isaac Donald Don Everly and Phillip Phil Everly were elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, Don was born in Brownie, Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, in 1937, and Phil two years later in Chicago, Illinois. Their parents were Isaac Milford Ike Everly, Jr. a guitar player, actor James Best, also from Muhlenberg County, was the son of Ikes sister. Margaret was 15 when she married Ike, who was 26, Ike worked in coal mines from age 14, but his father encouraged him to pursue his love of music. Ike and Margaret began singing together, the Everly brothers spent most of their childhood in Shenandoah, Iowa. They attended Longfellow Elementary School in Waterloo, Iowa, for a year, but then moved to Shenandoah in 1944, Ike Everly had a show on KMA and KFNF in Shenandoah in the mid-1940s, first with his wife and then with their sons. The brothers sang on the radio as Little Donnie and Baby Boy Phil, the family sang as the Everly Family. Ike, with guitarists Merle Travis, Mose Rager, and Kennedy Jones, was honored in 1992 by the construction of the Four Legends Fountain in Drakesboro, the family moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1953, where the brothers attended West High School. In 1955, the moved to Madison, Tennessee, while the brothers moved to Nashville. Don had graduated high school in 1955, and Phil attended Peabody Demonstration School in Nashville. Both could now focus on recording, while in Knoxville, the brothers caught the attention of family friend Chet Atkins, manager of RCA Victors studio in Nashville. The brothers became a duo and moved to Nashville, despite affiliation with RCA, Atkins arranged for the Everly Brothers to record for Columbia Records in early 1956. Their Keep a-Lovin Me, which Don wrote and composed, flopped, Atkins introduced them to Wesley Rose, of Acuff-Rose music publishers. Rose told them he would get them a deal if they signed to Acuff-Rose as songwriters. They so signed in late 1956, and in 1957 Rose introduced them to Archie Bleyer, the Everlys signed and made a recording in February 1957. Bye Bye Love had been rejected by 30 other acts and their record reached No.2 on the pop charts, behind Elvis Presleys Teddy Bear, and No.1 on the country and No.5 on the R&B charts. The song, by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant, became the Everly Brotherss first million-seller. Working with the Bryants, they had hits in the United States and the United Kingdom, the biggest being Wake Up Little Susie, All I Have to Do Is Dream, Bird Dog, and Problems

25.
Cliff Richard
–
Sir Cliff Richard OBE is a British pop singer, musician, performer, actor and philanthropist. Richard has sold more than 250 million records worldwide and he has total sales of over 21 million singles in the United Kingdom and is the third-top-selling artist in UK Singles Chart history, behind the Beatles and Elvis Presley. Richard was originally positioned as a rock and roll singer in the style of Little Richard. With his backing group, The Shadows, Richard dominated the British popular music scene in the period of the late 1950s to early 1960s. Increased focus on his Christian faith and subsequent softening of his music later led to a middle of the road pop image. He has had more than 130 singles, albums and EPs make the UK Top 20, Richard has had 67 UK top ten singles, the second highest total for an artist behind Elvis Presley. Richard holds the record as the act to make the UK singles charts in all of its first six decades. He has achieved 14 UK No.1 singles, and is the singer to have had a No.1 single in the UK in five consecutive decades. Richard has never achieved the same impact in the United States despite eight US Top 40 singles, including the million-selling Devil Woman and We Dont Talk Anymore. He has remained a music, film, and television personality in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Northern Europe and Asia. Richard has been a resident in the United Kingdom for most of his life and he divides his time between living in Barbados and Portugal. Harry Rodger Webb was born in India at King Georges Hospital, Victoria Street, in Lucknow and his parents were Rodger Oscar Webb, a manager for a catering contractor that serviced the Indian Railways, and the former Dorothy Marie Dazely. Richard is primarily of English heritage, but he has one great-grandmother who was of half Welsh and half Spanish descent, the Webb family lived in a modest home in Maqbara, near the main shopping centre of Hazratganj. Dorothys mother served as the matron at the La Martiniere Girls School. In 1948, following Indian independence, the family embarked on a sea voyage to Tilbury, Essex. The Webbs moved from comparative wealth in India, where lived in a company-supplied flat at Howrah near Calcutta. Harry Webb attended a primary school, Stanley Park Juniors. He then attended Cheshunt Secondary Modern School from 1952 to 1957, as a member of the top stream, he stayed on beyond the minimum leaving age to take GCE Ordinary Level examinations and gained a pass in English literature

26.
Paul Anka
–
Paul Albert Anka OC is a Canadian-American singer, songwriter, and actor. Anka became famous during the late 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s with hit songs like Diana, Lonely Boy, Put Your Head on My Shoulder and he was inducted into Canadas Walk of Fame in 2005. In 1983, he co-wrote the song I Never Heard with Michael Jackson and it was retitled and released in 2009 under the name This Is It. An additional song that Jackson co-wrote with Anka from this 1983 session, the song was also released by Johnny Mathis in 1984. Anka became a naturalized US citizen in 1990, Anka was born in Ottawa, Ontario, to Camelia and Andrew Emile Andy Anka, Sr. who owned a restaurant called the Locanda. His parents were both Antiochian Orthodox Christians, Ankas father was Syrian-American from ’Uyūn al-Wādī from the NaNou family and his mother was Canadian-Lebanese from the town of Kfarmishki, in Lebanon. Anka sang with the St. Elias Antiochian Orthodox Church choir under the direction of Frederick Karam and he studied piano with Winnifred Rees. He attended Fisher Park High School, where he was part of a trio called the Bobby Soxers. Paul Anka recorded his first single, I Confess, when he was 14, in an interview with NPRs Terry Gross in 2005, he stated that it was to a girl at his church whom he hardly knew. The song Diana brought Anka stardom as it rocketed to No.1 on the Canadian, Diana is one of the best selling singles ever by a Canadian recording artist. He followed up with four songs made it into the Top 20 in 1958, including Its Time to Cry, which hit No.4 and My Heart Sings. 15, making him one of the biggest teen idols of the time and he toured Britain, then Australia with Buddy Holly. Anka also wrote It Doesnt Matter Anymore – a song written for Holly, Anka stated shortly afterward, It Doesnt Matter Anymore has a tragic irony about it now, but at least it will help look after Buddy Hollys family. Im giving my composers royalty to his widow – its the least I can do, Paul Ankas talent included the theme for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Anka composed Tom Joness biggest hit record, Shes a Lady, and wrote the English lyrics to My Way, Frank Sinatras signature song. In the 1960s, Anka began acting in motion pictures as well as writing songs for them, most notably the theme for the hit film The Longest Day, for his film work he wrote and recorded one of his greatest hits, Lonely Boy. He also wrote and recorded My Home Town, which was a No.8 pop hit for him the same year and he then went on to become one of the first pop singers to perform at the Las Vegas casinos. In 1960, he appeared twice as himself in NBCs short-lived crime drama Dan Raven, in 1960, Anka signed with RCA Victor

27.
The Mills Brothers
–
The Mills Brothers were inducted into The Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1998. Their parents were John Hutchinson and Eathel Mills, John Sr. owned a barber shop and founded a barbershop quartet, called the Four Kings of Harmony. John Hutchinson Mills Sr. was the son of William Hutchinson Mills and Cecilia Simms who lived in Bellefonte, as the boys grew older, they began singing in the choir of the Cyrene African Methodist Episcopal Church and in the Park Avenue Baptist Church in Piqua. They entered an amateur contest at Piquas Mays Opera House, but while on stage and he cupped his hands to his mouth and imitated a trumpet. The success of his led to all the brothers taking on instruments to imitate. John Jr. accompanied the four-part harmony first with a ukulele and they practiced imitating orchestras they heard on the radio. John, as the bass, would imitate the tuba, Harry, a baritone, imitated the trumpet, Herbert became the second trumpet and Donald the trombone. In 1928, after playing Mays Opera House in Piqua between Rin Tin Tin features, the brothers accompanied the Harold Greenameyer Band to Cincinnati for an audition with radio station WLW, the band was not hired, but the Mills brothers were. When the youngsters sang for Duke, he called Tommy Rockwell at Okeh Records, in September 1930, Ralph Wonders urged broadcasting executive William S. Paley, at CBS Radio in New York, to turn on his office speaker and listen to an audition of four young men. For the audition they were The Mills Brothers, but they had been known by other names. They were billed as The Steamboat Four when they sang for Sohio and they had been called the Four Boys and a Guitar on their Sunday shows. When Paley heard their performance, he went downstairs and put them on the air. The next day, the Mills Brothers signed a three-year contract and it sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA. Other hits followed – Goodbye Blues, their song, Nobodys Sweetheart, Ole Rockin Chair, Lazy River, Howm I Doin. They remained on Brunswick until late 1934, when signed with Decca. They had their own radio series in 1932–1933, one of the earliest built around a black act, billed as the Four Boys. The Mills Brothers were sponsored by some of the largest advertisers in early radio, Standard Oil, Procter & Gamble, Crisco and their first, The Big Broadcast was an all-star radio revue that included Bing Crosby, Cab Calloway, and the Boswell Sisters. They also made three bouncing ball cartoon shorts for the Fleischer Brothers, between 1933 and 1935, the Brothers starred with Crosby for Woodbury Soap in Bing Crosby Entertains, making 27 appearances in all on the CBS radio show

28.
The Beatles
–
The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960

29.
Railroad (song)
–
Railroad is the first solo single released by Maurice Gibb, best known as a member of the Bee Gees. It was released in April 1970, like the Bee Gees songs from 1967 to 1972, in Canada it was also released by Atlantic and Cotillion. Gibb not release a single until 1984 when he released Hold Her in Your Hand. Railroad was written by Maurice Gibb and Billy Lawrie, Lawrie was also the brother of Lulu, who Maurice married in 1969. Originally written for a Bee Gees album but never used, the single features guitar work by Leslie Harvey of Stone the Crows. As Gibb explains, People have said that my single sounds like the Bee Gees, I sang the parts usually. Gibb once said that his wife at that time, singer Lulus reaction to the song that the piano is too loud on this single, the single failed to chart in Australia or the US but reached #6 on the Malaysian Singles Charts and #9 in Singapore. Gibbs debut solo album The Loner was never released, in other territories this single and its B-side were released as a double A single. The CD version of this appears in the box set Tales from the Brothers Gibb however its B-side. This song was earmarked as the single from early on. It has the big singalong chorus of the Bee Gees hit Dont Forget to Remember and Robin Gibbs Saved by the Bell plus unique features like an intro, a verse played once, richie Unterberger at AllMusic describes the song as another throwback to country-pop balladry. Maurice Gibb — lead vocal, guitar, piano, bass Leslie Harvey — guitar Johnny Coleman — piano Geoff Bridgford — drums Gerry Shury — orchestral arrangement English, David, Brychta, Bee Gees, the legend of Barry, Robin & Maurice Gibb. Gibb, Barry, Gibb, Robin, 1949-2012, Gibb, Maurice, 1949-, Leaf, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Bilyeu, Melinda, Brennan, Joseph, Cook, Hector, Môn Hughes, Andrew, Crohan, Mark. The ultimate biography of the Bee Gees, tales of the brothers Gibb

30.
Fraternal twin
–
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy. Twins can be either monozygotic, meaning that they develop from one zygote, in fraternal twins, each twin is fertilized by its own sperm cell. In contrast, a fetus that develops alone in the womb is called a singleton, the human twin birth rate in the United States rose 76% from 1980 through 2009, from 18.9 to 33.3 per 1,000 births. In Central Africa there are 18–30 twin sets per 1,000 live births, in Latin America, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, the lowest rates are found, only 6 to 9 twin sets per 1,000 live births. North America and Europe have intermediate rates of 9 to 16 twin sets per 1,000 live births, Multiple pregnancies are much less likely to carry to full term than single births, with twin pregnancies lasting on average 37 weeks, three weeks less than full term. Women who have a history of fraternal twins have a higher chance of producing fraternal twins themselves. There is no genetic link for identical twinning. Other factors that increase the odds of having fraternal twins include maternal age, fertility drugs and other fertility treatments, nutrition, the vast majority of twins are either dizygotic or monozygotic. Less common variants are discussed further down the article, the rates for singletons vary slightly by country. For example, the sex ratio of birth in the US is 1.05 males/female, while it is 1.07 males/female in Italy. However, males are more susceptible than females to die in utero. Zygosity is the degree of identity in the genome of twins, dizygotic or fraternal twins usually occur when two fertilized eggs are implanted in the uterus wall at the same time. When two eggs are fertilized by two different sperm cells, fraternal twins result. The two eggs, or ova, form two zygotes, hence the terms dizygotic and biovular. Fraternal twins are, essentially, two siblings who happen to be born at the same time, since they arise from two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm, just like ordinary siblings. This is the most common type of twin, dizygotic twins, like any other siblings, have an extremely small chance of having the same chromosome profile. Even if they happen to have the same profile, they will always have different genetic material on each chromosome. Like any other siblings, dizygotic twins may look similar, particularly given that they are the same age, however, dizygotic twins may also look very different from each other

31.
Andy Gibb
–
Andrew Roy Andy Gibb was a British singer, songwriter, performer, and teen idol. He was the brother of the Bee Gees, Barry, Robin. Gibbs success was brief, as he battled drug addiction and depression, andrew Roy Gibb was born on 5 March 1958 in Manchester, England. He was the youngest of five children of Barbara and Hugh Gibb and his mother was of Irish and English descent and his father was of Scottish and Irish descent. He had four siblings, his sister Lesley, and three brothers, Barry and fraternal twins Robin and Maurice, at the age of six months, Gibb emigrated with his family to Queensland, Australia, settling on Cribb Island just north of Brisbane. After moving several times around Brisbane and Sydney, Andy returned to the United Kingdom in January 1967 as his three brothers began to gain international fame as the Bee Gees. In his childhood, his mother Barbara described Andy as A little devil, Id send him off to school but hed sneak off to the stable and sleep with his two horses all day. Hed wander back home around lunchtime smelling of horse manure, yet hed swear he had been at school, oh, he was a little monkey. In June 1974, Gibb formed his first group, Melody Fayre, the group was managed by Andys mother, Barbara, and had regular bookings on the small islands hotel circuit. Gibbs first recording, in August 1973, was a Maurice Gibb composition, My Father Was a Rebel, another track on the session performed by him was Windows of My World co-written by him with Maurice. At the urging of his brother Barry, Gibb returned to Australia in 1974, Barry believed that as Australia had been a good training ground for the Bee Gees it would also help his youngest brother. Lesley Gibb had remained in Australia, where she raised a family with her husband, both Alderson and Stringer followed Andy to Australia with the hope of forming a band there. With Col Joye producing, Andy, Alderson and Stringer recorded a number of Andys compositions, the first song was a demo called To a Girl, which he later performed on his television debut in Australia on The Ernie Sigley Show. Sigley later informed the audience that it was from Gibbs forthcoming album, in November the same year, he recorded six demos - again produced by Joye - including Words and Music, Westfield Mansions and Flowing Rivers. Andy would disappear for periods of time, leaving Alderson and Stringer out of work with no income, despondent, Alderson and Stringer returned to the UK. Gibb later joined the band Zenta, consisting of Gibb on vocals, Rick Alford on guitar, Paddy Lelliot on bass, Glen Greenhalgh on vocals, Zenta supported international artists Sweet and the Bay City Rollers on the Sydney leg of their Australian tours. Cant Stop Dancing was mooted for release, but didnt eventuate, Zenta would appear later as a backing band for Gibb, but did not participate on Gibbs recording sessions around 1975, which featured Australian jazz fusion group Crossfire. Words and Music was released on the ATA label only in Australia and New Zealand and it was his first single, the song, backed by another Andy Gibb composition Westfield Mansions

32.
Wake Up Little Susie
–
Wake Up Little Susie is a popular song written by Felice and Boudleaux Bryant and published in 1957. The song is best known in a recording by The Everly Brothers, Wake Up Little Susie also spent seven weeks atop the Billboard country chart and got to number two on the UK Singles Chart. The song was ranked at #318 on the Rolling Stone magazines list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show during the 2000 U. S. presidential election, Wake Up Little Susie was the first single filmmaker David Lynch bought. The song is written from the point of view of a school boy to his girlfriend. In the song, the two go out on a date, only to fall asleep during the movie and they do not wake up until 4 oclock in the morning, well after her 10 oclock curfew. They then contemplate the reactions of her parents and their friends, don Everly reported it had been banned in Boston. All versions The Everly Brothers version Simon & Garfunkel version Simon, during Simon & Garfunkels Old Friends tour in 2003-2004, they performed this song and others in a segment with the Everly Brothers, who toured in support. British skiffle/rock and roll group The Rattlesnakes performed this song according to Barry Gibb, the group evolved into the Bee Gees in 1958. Joe Melson on the album Wake Up Little Susie Blue Suede Daddys In 2008, the musical duo Evan and Jaron recorded a version of the song on their album 52 Sundays. Grateful Dead played Wake Up Little Susie 13 times in their acoustic sets between February and November 1970, the song was called, Wake Up Talitha Cumi. Rockapella parodied this song in an episode of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego. as Look Out, Double Trouble

33.
Redcliffe, Queensland
–
It serves as the Central Business District for the Redcliffe Peninsula and its surrounding suburbs. Redcliffe is part of the division of Brisbane. The towns name originates from Red Cliff Point named by the explorer John Oxley, Redcliffe became Queenslands first colony in 1824, however, it was soon abandoned for Brisbane. Since the 1880s, Redcliffe has been a seaside resort location due to its proximity to Brisbane. It is served by a general aviation airfield, Redcliffe Airport. In the 2011 census, the population of Redcliffe was 9,201, 52% female, the median age of the Redcliffe population was 44 years of age,7 years above the Australian median. Children aged under 15 years made up 15. 5% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 20. 7% of the population. 86. 8% of people spoke only English at home, the next most popular languages were 0. 5% Italian,0. 4% Tagalog,0. 4% German,0. 3% Dutch,0. 3% Samoan. Before European settlement, the Redcliffe Peninsula was occupied by the indigenous Ningy Ningy people, the native name is Kau-in-Kau-in, which means Blood-Blood. Redcliffe holds the distinction of being the first European settlement in Queensland, the party settled in Redcliffe on 13 September 1824, under the command of Lieutenant Henry Miller with 14 soldiers, some with wives and children, and 29 convicts. However, this settlement was abandoned after one year and the colony was moved south to a site on the Brisbane River at North Quay,28 km south, that offered a more reliable water supply. Redcliffe became a district in the 1860s and in the 1880s boomed as a seaside resort town with the twin screw excursion steamer Koopa making regular trips to its jetty from 1911. The principal route for passengers was a steamer from Sandgate pier to Woody Point Pier and that led to the cessation of the Sandgate to Woody Point steamers. In 1958, the Gibb family from Manchester, England emigrated to this area, Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb went on to form the highly successful music group, The Bee Gees. In 1959, Brisbane based Speedcar driver Bill Goode, the promoter of the Redcliffe Speedway hired the brothers to entertain the crowds at the speedway from the back of a truck during the interval and this was the first ever public performance by the trio. In a letter to the Redcliffe Museum in 1999, Barry Gibb wrote The smell of the oil, the noise and this was the first public appearance Robin, Maurice and I ever made in Australia. Hence Redcliffe became the birthplace of the Bee Gees, the first high-rise apartment building was constructed along Marine Parade in 1974. For decades the interest for similar development was limited - until 2000 there were only four apartment buildings higher than 6 stories across the entire Peninsula

34.
Queensland
–
Queensland is the second-largest and third-most-populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the north-east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west, to the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,750,500, concentrated along the coast, the state is the worlds sixth largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km2. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australias third largest city, often referred to as the Sunshine State, Queensland is home to 10 of Australias 30 largest cities and is the nations third largest economy. Tourism in the state, fuelled largely by its tropical climate, is a major industry. Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, the first European to land in Queensland was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606, who explored the west coast of the Cape York Peninsula near present-day Weipa. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip at Sydney, New South Wales at that time included all of what is now Queensland, Queensland was explored in subsequent decades until the establishment of a penal colony at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley. Penal transportation ceased in 1839 and free settlement was allowed from 1842, the state was named in honour of Queen Victoria, who on 6 June 1859 signed Letters Patent separating the colony from New South Wales. The 6th of June is now celebrated statewide as Queensland Day. Queensland achieved statehood with the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901, the history of Queensland spans thousands of years, encompassing both a lengthy indigenous presence, as well as the eventful times of post-European settlement. The north-eastern Australian region was explored by Dutch, Spanish and French navigators before being encountered by Lieutenant James Cook in 1770, the Australian Labor Party has its origin as a formal organisation in Queensland and the town of Barcaldine is the symbolic birthplace of the party. June 2009 marked the 150th anniversary of its creation as a colony from New South Wales. The Aboriginal occupation of Queensland is thought to predate 50,000 BC, likely via boat or land bridge across Torres Strait, during the last ice age Queenslands landscape became more arid and largely desolate, making food and other supplies scarce. This led to the worlds first seed-grinding technology, warming again made the land hospitable, which brought high rainfall along the eastern coast, stimulating the growth of the states tropical rainforests. In February 1606, Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon landed near the site of what is now Weipa and this was the first recorded landing of a European in Australia, and it also marked the first reported contact between European and Aboriginal Australian people. The region was explored by French and Spanish explorers prior to the arrival of Lieutenant James Cook in 1770. Cook claimed the east coast under instruction from King George III of the United Kingdom on 22 August 1770 at Possession Island, naming Eastern Australia, including Queensland, the Aboriginal population declined significantly after a smallpox epidemic during the late 18th century

35.
The Battle of the Blue and the Grey
–
The Battle of the Blue and the Grey is a debut single by the Bee Gees, backed by The Three Kisses of Love and released on March 22,1963. Like all the Bee Gees output prior to 1967 it was released in Australia. It was performed in Australian television Bandstand, the footage of performance still exists. In September 1963, it was included as the track on their first EP The Bee Gees. It was written by Barry Gibb when he was only 16 years old. Col Joye recalls producing the sessions and using his backing band the Joy Boys, as was the norm for the Gibb brothers at the time, Barry sang the vocal solos while Robin and Maurice harmonised around him. It was recorded on February 1963 in Festival Studio, Sydney, robert Iredale was the engineer in charge. The Battle of the Blue and the Grey was released on 22 March 1963, the song failed to become the hit that their record company had hoped for. In the words of Robin Gibb, We recorded our first flop based on the story of the American Civil War, now this record was very hot with one guy 2SM in Sydney. He was playing all this time and, of course, it didnt do anything, the song did reach the top twenty in the local Sydney chart. While the song achieved an amount of publicity, the music press also made mention of one other member of the household. Tucked away in small print, was news that their sister Lesley Evans had also embarked on a business career in Surfers Paradise as a snake-dancer. The songs length is 2,05 like most of their Australian releases, in an attempt to promote the single, stories appeared in Sydney newspapers about the new singing group and its young songwriter. It bore a resemblance to Johnny Hortons 1959 hit Battle of New Orleans albeit somewhat more violent with references to shooting people full of lead, the story was of a retired soldier remembering his fighting experiences including dealings with the real historical figure Stonewall Jackson

36.
The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs
–
The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs is the debut studio album by the English pop band the Bee Gees. Released under the artist title Barry Gibb & the Bee Gees and it was released in November 1965 on the Australian Leedon label. It is a compilation of most of the Gibb brothers singles that had released over the previous three years in Australia, which accounts for the many different styles of music on it. Only five new songs were recorded for the album, I Was A Lover, A Leader of Men, And the Children Laughing, I Dont Think Its Funny, How Love Was True and To Be or Not to Be. Barry had more than enough unrecorded songs for an all new-LP, bill Shepherd set the order of the songs. Though uncredited on the back of this album, it is confirmed that the Gibbs friend Trevor Gordon played lead guitar on Peace of Mind, Wine And Women, Gordon later released several recordings under the name Trevor Gordon and the Bee Gees. Gordon went on to success with Graham Bonnet in the UK-based duo the Marbles. The name of the album has been subject to debate among discographers. The confusion begins with Festival Records use of the apostrophe, which has in large letters BARRY GIBB & THE BEE GEES, the original issue of the LP on Leedon is extremely rare. Even the reissue in 1967 on the Calendar label is rarely seen in Australia and this album package was not issued elsewhere and was not issued on CD until it was released as part of a 2013 box set called Festival Album Collection, 1965-1967. Of the new tracks that were recorded specifically for the album, To Be or Not to Be was probably the biggest departure, being a blues-based hard rocker. In the compilation Brilliant from Birth, You Wouldnt Know is faded early to 2,03, losing the shouting and laughing in the longer, all tracks written by Barry Gibb. and Take Hold of That Star

37.
Vince Melouney
–
Vince Melouney is an Australian guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. He joined the bands Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs, Vince & Tonys Two, Bee Gees, Fanny Adams, in 1971, he was replaced by Alan Kendall as the lead guitarist of the Bee Gees. In 1966, he released I Need Your Lovin Tonight and its B-side, Mystery Train, Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, in 1967, after moving to the UK, he was invited to join the Bee Gees. He was the lead guitarist on their first four albums, Bee Gees 1st, Horizontal, Idea, in June 1968, while he was a Bee Gee he wrote and performed Such a Shame. The song was released on the UK version of the album Idea, Melouney prefers the Gibson ES-355 guitar and can be seen in several Bee Gees videos and live performances from 1967 to 1968. In November 1968, it was reported by the UK music magazine, NME, in 1969, he formed a short-lived group, Fanny Adams, with Doug Parkinson on lead vocals, Teddy Toi on bass, and Johnny Dick on drums who recorded one eponymous album Fanny Adams. In the summer of 1976, he met up with Bee Gee Barry Gibb and they wrote Let It Ride and Morning Rain, but both songs were not recorded. He rejoined the Bee Gees for the One Night Only Concert held in Sydney, Australia, in 1999, and rejoined Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs for a tour in 2002/3. At the completion of that tour, he completed his first solo album, released with the title Covers which had ten cover versions of songs, including Love Her Madly, Come Together, and Lay Down Sally. Melouneys influence was The Band, through their album Music from Big Pink, as he explained, I am influenced to the extent that I can see what they are doing, i’ve let their ideas augment my ideas. Vince plays lead guitar on the 2015 Paul Jones album Suddenly I Like It and the forthcoming as-yet-untitled new Carla Olson album

38.
Spicks and Specks (album)
–
Spicks and Specks is the second studio album by the Bee Gees. It was released in November 1966, on Spin, primarily written by Barry Gibb, the album features the first Robin Gibb composition I Dont Know Why I Bother With Myself and a Maurice Gibb composition Where Are You. The success of the title track propelled the band to move to England in 1967 to further their musical career, Nat Kipner brought the Bee Gees to St. Clair Studio, Hurstville. It was a place in a strip mall owned and operated by Kipners friend Ossie Byrne. Both Kipner and Barry Gibb recall that the equipment was just two one-track tape decks and a mixer. But many Festival acts would make the trip to Hurstville to get the benefit of Byrnes talents, the Bee Gees had never had much studio time before. Byrne let them experiment with effects and overdubs, while Nat gave them plenty of feedback on their music. The first group of St. Clair recordings were an excellent set of songs that show the brilliance of the Bee Gees when set loose and they were recorded mainly by the three brothers themselves. On some tracks, the drums were played by Colin Petersen from Steve and the Board, the one-track tape machines required the used of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. An instrumental base track was recorded first, then it was played back while the group sang or played, and the playback and microphones were mixed together and recorded to another tape machine. If an additional track was needed, the process could be repeated, each track however added another layer of tape hiss. Some of these recordings must have gone to at least a third track, the exact chronology of the St. Clair sessions remains a mystery, one that will not be solved since the studio documentation is long gone. The two songs for Mondays Rain single were recorded by 8 May 1966, based on a press report. Also listed above are the songs sequenced into the Mondays Rain LP. The album compilation pre-dates the song Spicks and Specks, which seems to date from early July and this proposed album would have followed the single Mondays Rain. Some number of albums were actually manufactured, but it was not released, or possibly it was released, Mondays Rain album was used as the basis of the Spicks and Specks album after Spicks and Specks was released and became a national hit record late in that year. Only side 2 had to be re-mastered, Spicks and Specks replacing the first song, although such mechanical considerations may have forced Nats hand on choosing material, the Mondays Rain album was a good one and worth release. All tracks written by Barry Gibb except where noted, as instrumentalists they have mastered practically every instrument in the book

Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United …

The principal façade of Buckingham Palace, the East Front, was originally constructed by Edward Blore and completed in 1850. It was remodelled by Sir Aston Webb in 1913.

Queen Victoria, the first monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace, moved into the newly completed palace in 1837.

The palace c. 1837, depicting the Marble Arch, which served as the ceremonial entrance to the Palace precincts. It was moved to make way for the east wing, built in 1847, which enclosed the quadrangle.

The 1844 Room, a sitting room of the Belgium Suite, also serves as an audience room and is often used for personal investitures.