Civil engineering is a discipline of professional engineering that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and natural environment, including works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams and buildings. Civil engineering is traditionally divided into several sub-disciplines. It is the second oldest discipline of engineering after military engineering, and is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from the municipality to the national governments and in the private sector, from individual owners to international companies.
Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies the principles of engineering, physics and material science to design, analyze, manufacture and maintain mechanical systems. It is one of the oldest and most comprehensive engineering disciplines.

The field of mechanical engineering requires an understanding of core areas, including mechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, material science, structural analysis and electricity. In addition to these fundamental principles, mechanical engineers use tools such as computer aided design (CAD) and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transportation, robotics, medical devices, weapons and others. It is the branch of engineering that involves the design, production and operation of machinery.

Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the eighteenth century; however, its development goes back several thousand years all over the world. In the 19th century, advances in physics led to the development of the science of mechanical engineering. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advances; today mechanical engineers are pursuing developments in areas such as composites, mechatronics and nanotechnology. It also overlaps with aerospace engineering, metallurgical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, manufacturing engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineering and other engineering disciplines in varying amounts. Mechanical engineers can also work in the field of biomedical engineering, specifically with biomechanics, transport phenomena, biomechanics, bionanotechnology and modeling of biological systems.

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