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I think this might be more appropriate for mathstackexchange or csstackexchange?
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Noah SchweberJun 14 '13 at 0:46

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Is there any popular programming language for which there isn't a package for larger integers? I doubt it. It's also an easy programming exercise to write your own if you don't care too much about speed. If you want arbitrary precision floating point arithmetic, that's only a little harder, and again there are many packages available in case you don't want to reinvent the wheel.
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Douglas ZareJun 14 '13 at 1:41

The size of numbers is limited by the memory of your PC (few GiB typically, thus a few billion digits are possible). Of course you should think about the question which kind of numbers you want to handle (integers, floating point numbers, fractions?).