Sciatica

Definition

The sciatic nerve begins from the lower spine on either side. It travels deep in the pelvis to the lower buttocks. From there, it passes along the back of each upper leg and divides at the knee into branches that go to the feet. Sciatica is an irritation of the sciatic nerve.

A job that requires standing for long periods of time and forward bending

Health conditions, such as:

Fractures in the back

Tumors

Infections

Metabolic problems, such as
diabetes

Symptoms

Sciatica causes symptoms that can range from mild to severe. In general, sciatica may cause:

Burning, tingling, or a shooting pain down the back of one leg

Pain in one leg or buttock may get worse with:

Sitting

Standing up

Coughing

Sneezing

Straining

Weakness or numbness in a leg or foot

More serious symptoms associated with sciatica that may require immediate medical attention include:

Continuing weakness in a leg or foot

Numbness in groin or the buttocks

Difficulty walking, standing, or moving

Loss of bowel or bladder control

Fever, unexplained weight loss, or other signs of illness

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Your doctor will pay particular attention to your back, hips, and legs. The physical exam will include tests for strength, flexibility, sensation, and reflexes.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to reduce sciatic nerve irritation.

Treatment options include:

Activity

Bed rest is not generally recommended. It may be suggested for no more than 1-2 days in those with severe pain. Your doctor may recommend that you restrict certain activities for a period of time and then resume them as soon as possible. You may be able to shorten your recovery time by staying active and exercising.

Medication

Medications used to treat sciatica include:

Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers

Muscle relaxers for muscle spasms

Corticosteroid injections in the back

Antidepressants or antiseizure medications for chronic pain

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy may include:

Cold packs or heat therapy

Stretching
and
strengthening
exercises

Massage

Ultrasound treatments or electrical stimulation

Posture education and appropriate lifting instructions

Alternative Therapies

These therapies have not been proven by scientific studies to have an effect on sciatica. However, some people may find some pain relief from:

Biofeedback

Acupuncture

Surgery

Surgery may be done
to relieve pressure on the sciatic nerve. This is performed in emergency situations or if other treatments fail. Common surgical procedures are
microdiscectomy and
lumbar laminectomy.

Prevention

Sciatica tends to happen more than one time. To help reduce your chance of sciatica:

Use proper body movement when playing sports, exercising, or lifting heavy objects.

Practice good posture to reduce pressure on your spine.

Begin a safe
exercise program
with the advice of your doctor.

If possible, avoid sitting or standing in one position for long periods.

Consider job retraining if your work requires a lot of heavy lifting or sitting.

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.