Lance Armstrong may resubmit his lawsuit against the US Anti-Doping Agency as early as Tuesday, his lawyer said. Photograph: Mike Hutchings/Reuters

A federal judge has dismissed Lance Armstrong's lawsuit aimed at preventing the US Anti-Doping Agency from moving ahead with charges that he used performance-enhancing drugs during his career.

US district court judge Sam Sparks dismissed the 80-page complaint, saying it seemed more intended to whip up public opinion in Armstrong's favour than focus on the legal argument.

"This court is not inclined to indulge Armstrong's desire for publicity, self-aggrandisement or vilification of defendants, by sifting through 80 mostly unnecessary pages in search of the few kernels of factual material relevant to his claims," Sparks wrote.

CNN reported that in a footnote the judge added: "Contrary to Armstrong's apparent belief, pleadings filed in the United States District Courts are not press releases, internet blogs or pieces of investigative journalism. All parties, and their lawyers, are expected to comply with the rules of this court, and face potential sanctions if they do not."

Sparks, however, did not rule on the merits of Armstrong's claims and will let him refile the lawsuit. Armstrong's attorney, Tim Herman, said he could do that as early as Tuesday.

The suit claimed Usada rules violate athletes' constitutional right to a fair trial, and that the agency does not have jurisdiction in Armstrong's case. It also accuses the Usada chief executive, Travis Tygart, of waging a personal vendetta against the cancer survivor who won the Tour de France every year from 1999 to 2005.

"When [Sparks] speaks, I listen," Herman said. "It doesn't change the legal issues involved or any of the relief that we seek. I certainly heard what Judge Sparks said. I intend to conform my conduct precisely."