From an historical-sociological-ecological perspective, this study analyzes the processes of construction a new social order that arises like a result of the confrontation of two different conceptual universes: European and Mayan. The study shows how the characteristics and structuring of modernity in the new society were constructed through two processes. These processes were derived from forms of use, appropriation and social distribution of natural resources on the part of the conquerors and from social framework that shapes the society that was projected to the time: the predatory appropriation of the nature and denaturalization of the men.