Set the size with +/- to determine how far from the target your archers will stand

Set the shooting direction with wasd

Assign the range to the desired squads. Squads can then be set to sleep or train there, as well as store their individual or squad equipment, much like a barracks.

An archery range room.

The room can then be used by military dwarves who have no order (i.e. they're set to inactive or set to only active/training)Bug:6070 in their schedule this month, in order to train ranged weaponskills. Since bolts are being used up by this training, it may be a good idea to set the dwarves to only use bone or wooden bolts when training, however this can cause problems.

Unlike other rooms, archery ranges only include the archery target from which they were defined - if you have multiple targets in one area, each one must be designated as its own archery range, even if this causes them to overlap.

It is also advisable for the archery target rooms to be included in the area of the barracks where your marksdwarves train. Both the barracks and the archery targets need to be assigned to squads individually.

The size of the room (range) must be such that the marksdwarf is not standing adjacent to the target.

If you have a room underneath your archery range, you can channel the area behind the target to save bolts (falling bolts don't break), but if you completely channel targets out, recruits will stop training as they require a straight walkable path to the target. A floor grate will NOT work.

Experience is granted per shot, not per target hit.

Only one soldier can use an archery target at a time. This means that if you have multiple targets next to each other, you must designate a training grounds for each of them or only one will be used at a time.

Marksdwarves will only practice at an archery range if their quivers contain ammunition which is permitted for training. There was a bug that caused marksdwarves to not switch their ammo when they switch between active duty and training, but this has been fixed as of 42.03.

Marksdwarves do not spend all of their free time performing archery practice - during downtime, they will complain that they "cannot follow orders". Assigning marksdwarves to a barracks will allow them to use this spare time to perform combat drills, though said drills can potentially cut into archery practice.