Caption: Amila De Silva, research scientist with the Canada Centre for Inland Waters, has discovered that three top predators, including the Great Lakes' double-crested cormorant have perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (PFPIAs) in their bloodstream.

We thank Sebastien Bourget, Sophie Charvet, Caroline Chenard, Tommy Harding, Anne Jungblut, Denis Sarrazin, and the warden team of Quttinirpaaq National Park for field assistance and collaboration; Derek Mueller for drafting Figure I; and Xioawa Wang, Amila de Silva, and Mary Williamson for valuable help in PFC methods discussion and laboratory support.

All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.