General Troubleshooting

This chapter provides procedures for troubleshooting the most common problems encountered when operating a Cisco ONS 15454. To troubleshoot specific ONS 15454 alarms, see Chapter 2, "Alarm Troubleshooting." If you cannot find what you are looking for contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

This chapter includes the following sections on network problems:

•Network Troubleshooting Tests—Describes loopbacks and hairpin circuits, which you can use to test circuit paths through the network or logically isolate faults.

1.1 Network Troubleshooting Tests

Use loopbacks and hairpins to test newly created circuits before running live traffic or to logically locate the source of a network failure. All ONS 15454 line (traffic) cards, except Ethernet cards, allow loopbacks and hairpins.

Caution On OC-N cards, a facility loopback applies to the entire card and not an individual circuit. Exercise caution when using loopbacks on an OC-N card carrying live traffic.

A facility loopback tests the line interface unit (LIU) of a card, the EIA (electrical interface assembly), and related cabling. After applying a facility loopback on a port, use a test set to run traffic over the loopback. A successful facility loopback isolates the LIU, the EIA, or cabling plant as the potential cause of a network problem. Figure 1-1 shows a facility loopback on a DS-N card.

Figure 1-1 The facility loopback process on a DS-N card

To test the LIU on an OC-N card, connect an optical test set to the OC-N port and perform a facility loopback or use a loopback or hairpin on a card that is farther along the circuit path. Figure 1-2 shows a facility loopback on an OC-N card.

Caution Before performing a facility loopback on an OC-N card, make sure the card contains at least two DCC paths to the node where the card is installed. A second DCC provides a non-looped path to log into the node after the loopback is applied, thus enabling you to remove the facility loopback. Ensuring a second DCC is not necessary if you are directly connected to the ONS 15454 containing the loopback OC-N card.

Figure 1-2 The facility loopback process on an OC-N card

A terminal loopback tests a circuit path as it passes through the cross-connect card (XC, XCVT, or XC10G) and loops back from the card with the loopback. Figure 1-3 shows a terminal loopback on an OC-N card. The test-set traffic comes in on the DS-N card and goes through the cross-connect card to the OC-N card. The terminal loopback on the OC-N card turns the signal around before it reaches the LIU and sends it back through the cross-connect card to the DS-N card. This test verifies that the cross-connect card and terminal circuit paths are valid, but does not test the LIU on the OC-N card.

Figure 1-3 The terminal loopback process on an OC-N card

Figure 1-4 shows a terminal loopback on a DS-N card. The test-set traffic comes in on the OC-N card and goes through the cross-connect card to the DS-N card. The terminal loopback on the DS-N card turns the signal around before it reaches the LIU and sends it back through the cross-connect card to the OC-N card. This test verifies that the cross-connect card and terminal circuit paths are valid, but does not test the LIU on the DS-N card.

Figure 1-4 The terminal loopback process on a DS-N card

A hairpin circuit brings traffic in and out on a DS-N port rather than sending the traffic onto the OC-N card. A hairpin loops back only the specific STS or VT circuit and does not cause an entire OC-N port to loop back, thus preventing a drop of all traffic on the OC-N port. The hairpin allows you to test a specific STS or VT circuit on nodes running live traffic.

Figure 1-5 The hairpin circuit process on a DS-N card

1.2 Identify Points of Failure on a DS-N Circuit Path

Facility loopbacks, terminal loopbacks, and hairpin circuits are often used to test a circuit path through the network or to logically isolate a fault. Performing a loopback test at each point along the circuit path systematically isolates possible points of failure.

The example in this section tests a DS-N circuit on a two-node, bidirectional line switched ring (BLSR). Using a series of facility loopbacks, terminal loopbacks, and hairpins, the path of the circuit is traced and the possible points of failure are tested and eliminated. A logical progression of five network test procedures apply to this example scenario:

Note The test sequence for your circuits will differ according to the type of circuit and network topology.

1. A facility loopback on the source-node DS-N

2. A hairpin on the source-node DS-N

3. A terminal loopback on the destination-node DS-N

4. A hairpin on the destination-node DS-N

5. A facility loopback on the destination DS-N

Note All loopback tests require on-site personnel.

1.2.1 Perform a Facility Loopback on a Source DS-N Port

The facility loopback test is performed on the node source port in the network circuit, in this example, the DS-N port in the source node. Completing a successful facility loopback on this port isolates the cabling, the DS-N card, and the EIA as possible failure points. Figure 1-6 shows an example of a facility loopback on a source DS-N port.

Figure 1-6 A facility loopback on a circuit source DS-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

Procedure: Create the Facility Loopback on the Source DS-N port

Step 1 Connect an electrical test set to the port you are testing.

Use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the electrical test set to the EIA connectors or DSx panel for the port you are testing. The transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals connect to the same port. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to create the facility loopback on the port being tested:

a. In node view, double-click the card where you will perform the loopback.

b. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

c. Choose OOS_MT from the State column for the port being tested. If this is a multiport card, select the appropriate row for the port being tested.

d. Choose Facility (Line) from the Loopback Type column for the port being tested. If this is a multiport card, select the appropriate row for the port being tested.

e. Click the Apply button.

f. Click the Yes button in the Confirmation Dialog box.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Procedure: Test the DS-N Cabling

Step 1 Replace the suspect cabling (the cables from the test set to the DSx panel or the EIA ports) with a known-good cable.

•If a known-good cable is not available, test the suspect cable with a test set. Remove the suspect cable from the DSx panel or the EIA and connect the cable to the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the test set. Run traffic to determine whether the cable is good or defective.

Procedure: Test the DS-N Card

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

Step 4 If the test set indicates a faulty circuit, the problem is probably a defective EIA.

a. Return the defective EIA to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.2.2 Perform a Hairpin on a Source Node Port

The hairpin test is performed on the cross-connect card in the network circuit. A hairpin circuit uses the same port for both source and destination. Completing a successful hairpin through the card isolates the possibility that the cross-connect card is the cause of the faulty circuit. Figure 1-7 shows an example of a hairpin loopback on a source node port.

Figure 1-7 Hairpin on a source node port

Note The ONS 15454 does not support simplex operation on the cross-connect card. Two cross-connect cards of the same type must be installed for each node.

b. If you are starting the current procedure without the electrical test set hooked up to the DS-N port, use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the electrical test set to the DSx panel or the EIA connectors for the port you are testing. The transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals connect to the same port.

c. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to set up the hairpin on the port being tested:

a. Click the Circuits tab and click the Create button.

b. Give the circuit an easily identifiable name, such as Hairpin1.

c. Set the Circuit Type and Size to the normal preferences.

d. Uncheck the Bidirectional checkbox and click the Next button.

e. In the Circuit Source dialog box, select the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type where the test set is connected and click the Next button.

f. In the Circuit Destination dialog box, use the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type used for the Circuit Source dialog box and click the Finish button.

Step 3 Confirm that the newly created circuit appears on the Circuits tab list as a 1-way circuit.

Procedure: Test the Standby Cross-Connect Card

Step 1 Perform a reset on the standby cross-connect card:

a. Determine the standby cross-connect card. On both the physical node and the CTC screen, the ACT/STBY LED of the standby cross-connect card is amber and the ACT/STBY LED of the active cross-connect card is green.

b. Position the cursor over the standby cross-connect card.

c. Right-click and choose RESET CARD.

Step 2 Do a manual switch (side switch) of the cross-connect cards before retesting the loopback circuit:

Caution Cross-connect manual switches (side switches) are service-affecting. Any live traffic on any card in the node endures a hit of up to 50 ms.

a. Determine the standby cross-connect card. The ACT/STBY LED of the standby cross-connect card is amber and the ACT/STBY LED of the active cross-connect card is green.

b. In the node view, select the Maintenance > XC Cards tabs.

c. In the Cross Connect Cards menu, click the Switch button.

d. Click the Yes button in the Confirm Switch box.

Note After the active cross-connect goes into standby, the original standby slot becomes active. This causes the ACT/STBY LED to become green on the former standby card.

Step 3 Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit.

The test traffic now travels through the alternate cross-connect card.

Step 4 If the test set indicates a faulty circuit, assume the cross-connect card is not causing the problem.

Clear the hairpin circuit before testing the next segment of the network circuit path.

a. Click the Circuits tab.

b. Choose the hairpin circuit being tested.

c. Click the Delete button.

d. Click the Yes button in the Delete Circuits box.

e. Confirm that the hairpin circuit is deleted form the Circuits tab list.

Procedure: Retest the Original Cross-Connect Card

Step 1 Do a manual switch (side switch) of the cross-connect cards to make the original cross-connect card the active card.

a. Determine the standby cross-connect card. The ACT/STBY LED of the standby cross-connect card is amber and the ACT/STBY LED of the active cross-connect card is green.

b. In node view, select the Maintenance > XC Cards tabs.

c. From the Cross Connect Cards menu, choose Switch.

d. Click the Yes button in the Confirm Switch box.

Step 2 Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a faulty circuit, the problem is probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.2.3 Perform a Terminal Loopback on a Destination DS-N Port

The terminal loopback test is performed on the node destination port in the circuit, in this example, the DS-N port in the destination node. First, create a bidirectional circuit that starts on the source node DS-N port and loops back on the destination node DS-N port. Then proceed with the terminal loopback test. Completing a successful terminal loopback to a destination node DS-N port verifies that the circuit is good up to the destination DS-N. Figure 1-8 shows an example of a terminal loopback on a destination DS-N port.

Figure 1-8 Terminal loopback on a destination DS-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

b. If you are starting the current procedure without the electrical test set hooked up to the DS-N port, use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the electrical test set to the DSx panel or the EIA connectors for the port you are testing. Both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) connect to the same port.

c. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to set up the terminal loopback circuit on the port being tested.

a. Click the Circuits tab and click the Create button.

b. Give the circuit an easily identifiable name, such as "DSNtoDSN".

c. Set Circuit Type and Size to the normal preferences.

d. Leave the Bidirectional checkbox checked and click the Next button.

e. In the Circuit Source dialog box, fill in the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type where the test set is connected and click the Next button.

f. In the Circuit Destination dialog box, fill in the destination Node, card Slot, Port, and Type (the DS-N port in the destination node) and click the Finish button.

Step 3 Confirm that the newly created circuit appears on the Circuits tab list as a 2-way circuit.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during a loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Step 4 Create the terminal loopback on the destination port being tested:

a. Go to the node view of the destination node:

–Choose View > Go To Other Node from the menu bar.

–Choose the node from the pull-down list in the Select Node box and click the OK button.

b. In node view, double-click the card that requires the loopback, such as the DS-N card in the destination node.

c. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

d. Select OOS_MT from the State column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

e. Select Terminal (Inward) from the Loopback Type column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

Procedure: Test the Destination DS-N Card

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 2 Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit with a known-good card.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.2.4 Perform a Hairpin on a Destination Node

The hairpin test is performed on the cross-connect card in the network circuit. A hairpin circuit uses the same port for both source and destination. Completing a successful hairpin through the card isolates the possibility that the cross-connect card is the cause of the faulty circuit. Figure 1-7 shows an example of a hairpin loopback on a destination node.

Figure 1-9 Hairpin on a destination node

Note The ONS 15454 does not support simplex operation on the cross-connect card. Two cross-connect cards of the same type must be installed for each node.

Procedure: Create the Hairpin on the Destination Node

Step 1 Connect an electrical test set to the port you are testing.

Use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the electrical test set to the EIA connectors or DSx panel for the port you are testing. The transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals connect to the same port. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to set up the hairpin on the port being tested:

a. Click the Circuits tab and click the Create button.

b. Give the circuit an easily identifiable name, such as Hairpin1.

c. Set the Circuit Type and Size to the normal preferences.

d. Uncheck the Bidirectional checkbox and click the Next button.

e. In the Circuit Source dialog box, select the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type where the test set is connected and click the Next button.

f. In the Circuit Destination dialog box, use the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type used for the Circuit Source dialog box and click the Finish button.

Step 3 Confirm that the newly created circuit appears in the Circuits tab list as a 1-way circuit.

Procedure: Test the Standby Cross-Connect Card

Step 1 Perform a reset on the standby cross-connect card:

a. Determine the standby cross-connect card. On both the physical node and the CTC screen, the ACT/STBY LED of the standby cross-connect card is amber and the ACT/STBY LED of the active cross-connect card is green.

b. Position the cursor over the standby cross-connect card.

c. Right-click and choose RESET CARD.

Step 2 Do a manual switch (side switch) of the cross-connect cards before retesting the loopback circuit:

Caution Cross-connect manual switches (side switches) are service-affecting. Any live traffic on any card in the node endures a hit of up to 50 ms.

a. Determine the standby cross-connect card. The ACT/STBY LED of the standby cross-connect card is amber and the ACT/STBY LED of the active cross-connect card is green.

b. In the node view, select the Maintenance > XC Cards tabs.

c. In the Cross Connect Cards menu, click the Switch button.

d. Click the Yes button in the Confirm Switch box.

Note After the active cross-connect goes into standby, the original standby slot becomes active. This causes the ACT/STBY LED to become green on the former standby card.

Step 3 Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit.

The test traffic now travels through the alternate cross-connect card.

Step 4 If the test set indicates a faulty circuit, assume the cross-connect card is not causing the problem.

Clear the hairpin circuit before testing the next segment of the network circuit path.

a. Click the Circuits tab.

b. Choose the hairpin circuit being tested.

c. Click the Delete button.

d. Click the Yes button in the Delete Circuits box.

e. Confirm that the hairpin circuit is deleted form the Circuits tab list.

Procedure: Retest the Original Cross-Connect Card

Step 1 Do a manual switch (side switch) of the cross-connect cards to make the original cross-connect card the active card.

a. Determine the standby cross-connect card. The ACT/STBY LED of the standby cross-connect card is amber and the ACT/STBY LED of the active cross-connect card is green.

b. In node view, select the Maintenance > XC Cards tabs.

c. In the Cross Connect Cards menu, click the Switch button.

d. Click the Yes button in the Confirm Switch box.

Step 2 Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a faulty circuit, the problem is probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.2.5 Perform a Facility Loopback on a Destination DS-N Port

The facility loopback test is performed on the node source port in the circuit, in this example, the destination DS-N port in the destination node. Completing a successful facility loopback on this port isolates the possibility that the destination node cabling, DS-N card, LIU, or EIA is responsible for a faulty circuit. Figure 1-10 shows an example of a facility loopback on a destination DS-N port.

Figure 1-10 Facility loopback on a destination DS-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

b. If you are starting the current procedure without the electrical test set hooked up to the DS-N port, use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the electrical test set to the DSx panel or the EIA connectors for the port you are testing. Both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) connect to the same port.

c. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to create the facility loopback on the port being tested:

a. In node view, double-click the card where the loopback will be performed.

b. Click the Maintenance >Loopback tabs.

c. Select Facility (Line) from the Loopback Type column for the port being tested. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

d. Click the Apply button.

e. Click the Yes button in the Confirmation Dialog box.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Procedure: Test the DS-N Cabling

Step 1 Replace the suspect cabling (the cables from the test set to the DSx panel or the EIA ports) with a known-good cable.

•If a known-good cable is not available, test the suspect cable with a test set. Remove the suspect cable from the DSx panel or the EIA and connect the cable to the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the test set. Run traffic to determine whether the cable is good or defective.

Procedure: Test the DS-N Card

Step 1 Replace the suspect card with a known-good card.

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

Step 2 Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit with known-good cabling, a known-good card, and the reinstalled EIA.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably an improperly seated EIA.

Clear the facility loopback before testing the next segment of the network circuit path.

a. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

b. Choose None from the Loopback Type column for the port being tested.

c. Choose the appropriate state (IS, OOS, OOS_AINS) from the State column for the port being tested.

d. Click the Apply button.

e. Click the Yes button in the Confirmation Dialog box.

The entire DS-N circuit path has now passed its comprehensive series of loopback tests. This circuit qualifies to carry live traffic.

Step 4 If the test set indicates a faulty circuit, the problem is probably the defective EIA.

a. Return the defective EIA to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

Step 7 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective EIA.

Clear the facility loopback before testing the next segment of the network circuit path.

a. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

b. Choose None from the Loopback Type column for the port being tested.

c. Choose the appropriate state (IS, OOS, OOS_AINS) from the State column for the port being tested.

d. Click the Apply button.

e. Click the Yes button in the Confirmation Dialog box.

The entire DS-N circuit path has now passed its comprehensive series of loopback tests. This circuit qualifies to carry live traffic.

1.3 Using the DS3XM-6 Card FEAC (Loopback) Functions

The DS3XM-6 card supports Far End Alarm and Control (FEAC) functions that are not available on basic DS-3 cards. Click the Maintenance tab at the DS3XM-6 card view to reveal the two additional function columns. Figure 1-11 shows the DS3 subtab and the additional Send Code and Inhibit FE Lbk function columns.

Figure 1-11 Accessing FEAC functions on the DS3XM-6 card

The far end in FEAC refers to the piece of equipment that is connected to the DS3XM-6 card and not the far end of a circuit. In Figure 1-12, if a DS3XM-6 (near-end) port is configured to send a Line Loop Code, the code will be sent to the connected test set, not the DS3XM-6 (far-end) port.

Figure 1-12 Diagram of FEAC

1.3.1 FEAC Send Code

The Send Code column on the maintenance tab of a DS3XM-6 port only applies to in-service ports configured for CBIT framing. The column lets a user select No Code (the default) or Line Loop Code. Selecting Line Loop Code inserts a line loop activate FEAC (Far End Alarm and Control) in the CBIT overhead transmitting to the connected facility. This code initiates a loopback from the facility to the ONS 15454. Selecting No Code sends a line-loop-deactivate FEAC code to the connected equipment, which will remove the loopback. You can also insert a FEAC for the 28 individual DS-1 circuits transmuxed into a DS-3 circuit.

1.3.2 FEAC Inhibit Loopback

The DS3XM-6 ports and transmuxed DS-1s initiate loopbacks when they receive FEAC Line Loop codes. If the Inhibit Loopback checkbox is checked for a DS-3 port, then that port will ignore any received FEAC Line Loop codes and will not loop back. The port can still be put into loopback manually using the Loopback Type column even if the Inhibit Loopback box is selected. Only DS-3 ports can be configured to inhibit responses to FEAC loopback commands, individual DS-1 ports cannot inhibit their responses.

1.3.3 FEAC Alarms

The node raises a LPBKDS3FEAC-CMD or LPBKDS1FEAC-CMD alarm for a DS-1 or DS-3 port if a FEAC loopback code is sent to the far end.

If the ONS 15454 port is in loopback from having received a loopback activate FEAC code, a LPBKDS3FEAC or LPBKDS1FEAC alarm occurs. The alarm will clear when a loopback deactivate FEAC command is received on that port.

A DS3E card will respond to, and can inhibit, received FEAC DS3 level loopback codes. A DS3E card cannot be configured to send FEAC codes.

1.4 Identify Points of Failure on an OC-N Circuit Path

Facility loopbacks and terminal loopbacks are often used to test a circuit path through the network or to logically isolate a fault. Performing a loopback test at each point along the circuit path systematically isolates possible points of failure.

The example in this section tests an OC-N circuit on a three-node, bidirectional line switched ring (BLSR). Using a series of facility loopbacks and terminal loopbacks, the path of the circuit is traced and the possible points of failure are tested and eliminated. A logical progression of six network test procedures apply to this example scenario:

Note The test sequence for your circuits will differ according to the type of circuit and network topology.

1. A facility loopback on the source-node OC-N port

2. A terminal loopback on the source-node OC-N port

3. A facility loopback on the intermediate-node OC-N port

4. A terminal loopback on the intermediate-node OC-N port

5. A facility loopback on the destination-node OC-N port

6. A terminal loopback on the destination-node OC-N port

Note All loopback tests require on-site personnel.

1.4.1 Perform a Facility Loopback on a Source-Node OC-N Port

The facility loopback test is performed on the node source port in the network circuit, in this example, the source OC-N port in the source node. Completing a successful facility loopback on this port isolates the OC-N port as a possible failure point. Figure 1-6 shows an example of a facility loopback on a circuit source OC-N port.

Figure 1-13 A facility loopback on a circuit source OC-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

Procedure: Create the Facility Loopback on the Source OC-N Port

Step 1 Connect an optical test set to the port you are testing.

Use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the optical test set to the port you are testing. The transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals connect to the same port. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to create the facility loopback circuit on the port being tested:

a. In node view, double-click the card where you will perform the loopback.

b. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

c. Choose OOS_MT from the State column for the port being tested. If this is a multiport card, select the appropriate row for the desired port.

d. Choose Facility (Line) from the Loopback Type column for the port being tested. If this is a multiport card, select the appropriate row for the desired port.

e. Click the Apply button.

f. Click the Yes button in the Confirmation Dialog box.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Procedure: Test the OC-N Card

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.4.2 Perform a Terminal Loopback on a Source-Node OC-N Port

The terminal loopback test is performed on the node destination port in the circuit, in this example, the destination OC-N port in the source node. First, create a bidirectional circuit that starts on the node source OC-N port and loops back on the node destination OC-N port. Then proceed with the terminal loopback test. Completing a successful terminal loopback to anode destination OC-N port verifies that the circuit is good up to the destination OC-N. Figure 1-8 shows an example of a terminal loopback on a destination OC-N port.

Figure 1-14 Terminal loopback on a source-node OC-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

b. If you are starting the current procedure without the optical test set hooked up to the OC-N port, use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the optical test set to the port you are testing. Both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) connect to the same port.

c. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to set up the terminal loopback circuit on the port being tested.

a. Click the Circuits tab and click the Create button.

b. Give the circuit an easily identifiable name, such as "OCN1toOCN2".

c. Set Circuit Type and Size to the normal preferences.

d. Leave the Bidirectional checkbox checked and click the Next button.

e. In the Circuit Source dialog box, fill in the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type where the test set is connected and click the Next button.

f. In the Circuit Destination dialog box, fill in the destination Node, card Slot, Port, and Type (the OC-N port in the source node) and click the Finish button.

Step 3 Confirm that the newly created circuit appears on the Circuits tab list as a 2-way circuit.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during a loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Step 4 Create the terminal loopback on the destination port being tested:

a. In node view, double-click the card that requires the loopback, such as the destination OC-N card in the source node.

b. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

c. Select OOS_MT from the State column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

d. Select Terminal (Inward) from the Loopback Type column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

Procedure: Test the OC-N card

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 2 Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit with a known-good card.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.4.3 Perform a Facility Loopback on an Intermediate-Node OC-N Port

The facility loopback test is performed on the node source port in the network circuit, in this example, the source OC-N port in the intermediate node. Completing a successful facility loopback on this port isolates the OC-N port as a possible failure point. Figure 1-15 shows an example of a facility loopback on a intermediate node circuit source OC-N port.

Figure 1-15 Facility loopback on an intermediate-node OC-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

Procedure: Create the Facility Loopback on an Intermediate-Node OC-N Port

b. If you are starting the current procedure without the optical test set hooked up to the OC-N port, use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the optical test set to the port you are testing. Both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) connect to the same port.

c. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to set up the facility loopback circuit on the port being tested.

a. Click the Circuits tab and click the Create button.

b. Give the circuit an easily identifiable name, such as "OCN1toOCN3".

c. Set Circuit Type and Size to the normal preferences.

d. Leave the Bidirectional checkbox checked and click the Next button.

e. In the Circuit Source dialog box, fill in the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type where the test set is connected and click the Next button.

f. In the Circuit Destination dialog box, fill in the destination Node, card Slot, Port, and Type (the OC-N port in the intermediate node) and click the Finish button.

Step 3 Confirm that the newly created circuit appears on the Circuits tab list as a 2-way circuit.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during a loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Step 4 Create the facility loopback on the destination port being tested:

a. Go to the node view of the intermediate node:

•Choose View > Go To Other Node from the menu bar.

•Choose the node from the pull-down list in the Select Node box and click the OK button.

b. In node view, double-click the card that requires the loopback, such as the destination OC-N card in the intermediate node.

c. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

d. Select OOS_MT from the State column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

e. Select Terminal (Inward) from the Loopback Type column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

f. Click the Apply button.

g. Click the Yes button in the Confirmation Dialog box.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Procedure: Test the OC-N Card

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.4.4 Perform a Terminal Loopback on an Intermediate-Node OC-N Port

The terminal loopback test is performed on the node destination port in the circuit, in this example, the destination OC-N port in the intermediate node. First, create a bidirectional circuit that starts on the node source OC-N port and loops back on the node destination OC-N port. Then proceed with the terminal loopback test. Completing a successful terminal loopback to anode destination OC-N port verifies that the circuit is good up to the destination OC-N. Figure 1-16 shows an example of a terminal loopback on an intermediate node destination OC-N port.

Figure 1-16 Terminal loopback on an intermediate-node OC-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

Procedure: Create the Terminal Loopback on an Intermediate-Node OC-N Port

b. If you are starting the current procedure without the optical test set hooked up to the OC-N port, use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the optical test set to the port you are testing. Both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) connect to the same port.

c. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to set up the terminal loopback circuit on the port being tested.

a. Click the Circuits tab and click the Create button.

b. Give the circuit an easily identifiable name, such as "OCN1toOCN4".

c. Set Circuit Type and Size to the normal preferences.

d. Leave the Bidirectional checkbox checked and click the Next button.

e. In the Circuit Source dialog box, fill in the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type where the test set is connected and click the Next button.

f. In the Circuit Destination dialog box, fill in the destination Node, card Slot, Port, and Type (the OC-N port in the intermediate node) and click the Finish button.

Step 3 Confirm that the newly created circuit appears on the Circuits tab list as a 2-way circuit.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during a loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Step 4 Create the terminal loopback on the destination port being tested:

a. Go to the node view of the intermediate node:

•Choose View > Go To Other Node from the menu bar.

•Choose the node from the pull-down list in the Select Node box and click the OK button.

b. In node view, double-click the card that requires the loopback, such as the destination OC-N card in the intermediate node.

c. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

d. Select OOS_MT from the State column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

e. Select Terminal (Inward) from the Loopback Type column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

Procedure: Test the OC-N card

Step 1 Replace the suspect card with a known-good card. See Chapter 2, "Alarm Troubleshooting" for details.Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit with a known-good card.

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 2 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.4.5 Perform a Facility Loopback on a Destination-Node OC-N Port

The facility loopback test is performed on the node source port in the network circuit, in this example, the source OC-N port in the destination node. Completing a successful facility loopback on this port isolates the OC-N port as a possible failure point. Figure 1-17 shows an example of a facility loopback on a destination node circuit source OC-N port.

Figure 1-17 Facility loopback on a destination-node OC-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

Procedure: Create the Facility Loopback on a Destination-Node OC-N Port

b. If you are starting the current procedure without the optical test set hooked up to the OC-N port, use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the optical test set to the port you are testing. Both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) connect to the same port.

c. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to set up the facility loopback circuit on the port being tested.

a. Click the Circuits tab and click the Create button.

b. Give the circuit an easily identifiable name, such as "OCN1toOCN5".

c. Set Circuit Type and Size to the normal preferences.

d. Leave the Bidirectional checkbox checked and click the Next button.

e. In the Circuit Source dialog box, fill in the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type where the test set is connected and click the Next button.

f. In the Circuit Destination dialog box, fill in the destination Node, card Slot, Port, and Type (the OC-N port in the destination node) and click the Finish button.

Step 3 Confirm that the newly created circuit appears on the Circuits tab list as a 2-way circuit.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during a loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Step 4 Create the facility loopback on the destination port being tested:

a. Go to the node view of the destination node:

•Choose View > Go To Other Node from the menu bar.

•Choose the node from the pull-down list in the Select Node box and click the OK button.

b. In node view, double-click the card that requires the loopback, such as the destination OC-N card in the destination node.

c. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

d. Select OOS_MT from the State column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

e. Select Terminal (Inward) from the Loopback Type column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

f. Click the Apply button.

g. Click the Yes button in the Confirmation Dialog box.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Procedure: Test the OC-N Card

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

1.4.6 Perform a Terminal Loopback on a Destination-Node OC-N Port

The terminal loopback test is performed on the node destination port in the circuit, in this example, the destination OC-N port in the destination node. First, create a bidirectional circuit that starts on the node source OC-N port and loops back on the node destination OC-N port. Then proceed with the terminal loopback test. Completing a successful terminal loopback to a node destination OC-N port verifies that the circuit is good up to the destination OC-N. Figure 1-18 shows an example of a terminal loopback on an intermediate node destination OC-N port.

Figure 1-18 Terminal loopback on a destination-node OC-N port

Caution Performing a loopback on an in-service circuit is service-affecting.

Procedure: Create the Terminal Loopback on a Destination-Node OC-N Port

b. If you are starting the current procedure without the optical test set hooked up to the OC-N port, use appropriate cabling to attach the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) terminals of the optical test set to the port you are testing. Both transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) connect to the same port.

c. Adjust the test set accordingly.

Step 2 Use CTC to set up the terminal loopback circuit on the port being tested.

a. Click the Circuits tab and click the Create button.

b. Give the circuit an easily identifiable name, such as "OCN1toOCN6".

c. Set Circuit Type and Size to the normal preferences.

d. Leave the Bidirectional checkbox checked and click the Next button.

e. In the Circuit Source dialog box, fill in the same Node, card Slot, Port, and Type where the test set is connected and click the Next button.

f. In the Circuit Destination dialog box, fill in the destination Node, card Slot, Port, and Type (the OC-N port in the destination node) and click the Finish button.

Step 3 Confirm that the newly created circuit appears on the Circuits tab list as a 2-way circuit.

Note It is normal for an alarm to appear during a loopback setup. The alarm clears when you remove the loopback.

Step 4 Create the terminal loopback on the destination port being tested:

a. Go to the node view of the destination node:

•Choose View > Go To Other Node from the menu bar.

•Choose the node from the pull-down list in the Select Node box and click the OK button.

b. In node view, double-click the card that requires the loopback, such as the destination OC-N card in the destination node.

c. Click the Maintenance > Loopback tabs.

d. Select OOS_MT from the State column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

e. Select Terminal (Inward) from the Loopback Type column. If this is a multiport card, select the row appropriate for the desired port.

Procedure: Test the OC-N Card

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 2 Resend test traffic on the loopback circuit with a known-good card.

Step 3 If the test set indicates a good circuit, the problem was probably the defective card.

Return the defective card to Cisco through the returned materials authorization (RMA) process. Contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (Cisco TAC) at 1-877-323-7368 or obtain a directory of toll-free Cisco TAC telephone numbers at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml

Procedure: Restore the Database

Note The following parameters are not backed up and restored: node name, IP address, mask and gateway, and IIOP port. If you change the node name and then restore a backed up database with a different node name, the circuits will map to the new renamed node. Cisco recommends keeping a record of the old and new node names.

Caution E1000-2 cards lose traffic for approximately 90 seconds when an ONS 15454 database is restored. Traffic is lost during the period of spanning tree re convergence. The CARLOSS alarm will appear and clear during this period.

Caution If you are restoring the database on multiple nodes, wait until the TCC+ reboot has completed on each node before proceeding to the next node.

Step 1 Log into the node where you will restore the database.

a. On the PC connected to the ONS 15454, start Netscape or Internet Explorer.

A Java Console window displays the CTC file download status. The web browser displays information about your Java and system environments. If this is the first login, CTC caching messages display while CTC files are downloaded to your computer. The first time you connect to an ONS 15454, this process can take several minutes. After the download, the CTC Login dialog box displays.

c. In the Login dialog box, type a user name and password (both are case sensitive) and click the Login button. The CTC node view window will appear.

Step 2 Ensure that there are no ring or span (four-fiber only) switch events; for example, ring-switch east or west, and span-switch east or west. In network view, click the Conditions tab and click Retrieve Conditions to view a list of conditions.

Step 3 If there are switch events that need to be cleared, in node (default) view, click the Maintenance > BLSR tabs and view the West Switch and East Switch columns.

a. If there is a switch event (not caused by a line failure), clear the switch by choosing CLEAR from the pull-down menu and click Apply.

b. If there is a switch event caused by the Wait to Restore (WTR) condition, choose LOCKOUT SPAN from the pull-down menu and click Apply. When the LOCKOUT SPAN is applied, choose CLEAR from the pull-down menu and click Apply.

Step 4 In node view, click theMaintenance > Database tabs.

Step 5 Click Restore.

Step 6 Locate the database file stored on the workstation's hard drive or on network storage.

Step 7 Click the database file to highlight it.

Step 8 Click Open. The DB Restore dialog box appears.

Caution Opening a restore file from another node or from an earlier backup may affect traffic on the login node.

Step 9 Click Yes.

The Restore Database dialog box monitors the file transfer.

Step 10 Wait for the file to complete the transfer to the TCC+ card.

Step 11 Click OK when the "Lost connection to node, changing to Network View" dialog box appears. Wait for the node to reconnect.

Step 12 If you cleared a switch in Step 3, reapply the switch as needed.

1.5.2 Restore the Node to Factory Configuration

Symptom A node has both TCC+ cards in standby state, and you are unable reset the TCC+ cards to make
the node functional.

Table 1-2 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-2 Restore the Node to Factory Configuration

Possible Problem

Solution

Failure of both TCC+ cards in the node.

This procedure describes how to restore the node to factory configuration using the RE-INIT.jar JAVA file, which is referred to as the reinitialization tool in this documentation. Use this tool to upload the software package and/or restore the database after it has been backed up. You will need the CD containing the latest software, the node's NE defaults, and the recovery tool.

Caution If you are restoring the database on multiple nodes, wait until the TCC+ cards have rebooted on each node before proceeding to the next node.

Caution Cisco strongly recommends that you keep different node databases in separate folders. This is because the reinitialization tool will choose the first product-specific software package in the specified directory if you only use the Search Path field. You may accidentally copy an incorrect database if multiple databases are kept in the specified directory.

Note If the software package files and database backup files are located in different directories, complete the Package and Database fields (Figure 1-19).

Note The following parameters are not backed up and restored: node name, IP address, mask and gateway, and IIOP port. If you change the node name and then restore a backed up database with a different node name, the circuits will map to the new renamed node. Cisco recommends keeping a record of the old and new node names.

Procedure: DLP-244 Use the Reinitialization Tool to Clear the Database and Upload Software (Windows)

Note The TCC+ cards will reboot several times during this procedure. Wait until they are completely rebooted before continuing.

Step 2 To find the recovery tool file, go to Start > Run > Browse and select the CD drive.

Step 3 On the CD drive, go to the CISCO15454 folderand set the Files of Type drop-down menu to All Files.

Step 4 Select the RE-INIT.jar file and click Open to open the reinit tool(Figure 1-19).

Figure 1-19 Reinitialization tool in Windows

Step 5 If the node you are reinitializing is an external network element (ENE) in a proxy server network, enter the IP address of the gateway network element (GNE) in the GNE IP field. If not, leave it blank.

Step 6 Enter the node name or IP address of the node you are reinitializing in the Node IP field (Figure 1-19).

Step 7 Verify that the Re-Init Database, Upload Package, and Confirm checkboxes are checked. If one is not checked, click the checkbox.

Step 8 In the Search Path field, verify that the path to the CISCO15454 folder on the CD drive is listed.

Caution Cisco strongly recommends that you keep different node databases in separate folders. This is because the reinit tool will choose the first product-specific software package in the specified directory if you use the Search Path field instead of the Package and Database fields. You may accidentally copy an incorrect database if multiple databases are kept in the specified directory.

Caution Before you perform the next step, be sure you are uploading the correct database. You cannot reverse the upload process after you click Yes.

Step 11 The status bar at the bottom of the screen will display Completewhen the node has activated the software and uploaded the database.

Note The Complete message only indicates that the TCC+ successfully uploaded the database, not that the database restore was successful. The TCC+ will then try to restore the database after it reboots.

Step 12 If you are logged into CTC, close the browser window and disconnect the straight-through LAN cable from the RJ-45 (LAN) port on the TCC+ or on the hub or switch to which the ONS 15454 is physically connected. Reconnect your straight-through LAN cable to the LAN port and log back into CTC. Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedures Guide.

Step 13 Manually set the node name and network configuration to site-specific values. Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedures Guide for information on setting the node name, IP address, mask and gateway, and IIOP port.

Figure 1-20 Confirm NE Restoration

Procedure: DLP-245 Use the Reinitialization Tool to Clear the Database and Upload Software (UNIX)

Note JRE 1.03_02 must also be installed on the computer you will use to perform this procedure.

Note The TCC+ cards will reboot several times during this procedure. Wait until they are completely rebooted before continuing.

Step 1 Insert the system software CD containing the reinit tool, software, and defaults database into the local craft interface PC drive. If the CTC Installation Wizard opens, click Cancel.

Step 2 To find the recovery tool file, go to the CISCO15454 directory on the CD (usually /cdrom/cdrom0/CISCO15454).

Step 3 If you are using a file explorer, double click the RE-INIT.jar file to open the reinit tool (Figure 1-21). If you are working with a command line interface, run java -jar RE-INIT.jar.

Figure 1-21 The reinitialization tool in UNIX

Step 4 If the node you are reinitializing is an external network element (ENE) in a proxy server network, enter the IP address of the gateway network element (GNE) in the GNE IP field. If not, leave it blank.

Step 5 Enter the node name or IP address of the node you are reinitializing in the Node IP field (Figure 1-21).

Step 6 Verify that the Re-Init Database, Upload Package, and Confirm checkboxes are checked. If any are not checked, click that checkbox.

Step 7 In the Search Path field, verify that the path to the CISCO15454 folder on the CD drive is listed.

Caution Cisco strongly recommends that you keep different node databases in separate folders. This is because the reinit tool will choose the first product-specific software package in the specified directory if you use the Search Path field instead of the Package and Database fields. You may accidentally copy an incorrect database if multiple databases are kept in the specified directory.

Caution Before you perform the next step, be sure you are uploading the correct database. You cannot reverse the upload process after you click Yes.

Step 10 The status bar at the bottom of the screen will display Completewhen the node has activated the software and uploaded the database.

Note The Complete message only indicates that the TCC+ successfully uploaded the database, not that the database restore was successful. The TCC+ will then try to restore the database after it reboots.

Step 11 If you are logged into CTC, close the browser window and disconnect the straight-through LAN cable from the RJ-45 (LAN) port on the TCC+ or on the hub or switch to which the ONS 15454 is physically connected. Reconnect your straight-through LAN cable to the LAN port and log back into CTC. Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedures Guide.

Step 12 Manually set the node name and network configuration to site-specific values. Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedures Guide for information on setting the node name, IP address, mask and gateway, and IIOP port.

1.6 PC Connectivity Troubleshooting

This section contains troubleshooting procedures for PC and network connectivity to the ONS 15454.

1.6.1 Unable to Verify the IP Configuration of your PC

Symptom When connecting your PC to the ONS 15454, you are unable to successfully ping the IP
address of your PC to verify the IP configuration.

Table 1-3 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

If you are using a PCMCIA based NIC, remove and re-insert the NIC to make sure the NIC is fully inserted.

If the NIC is built into the laptop/PC, verify that the NIC is not faulty.

The NIC is faulty.

Confirm that the NIC is working properly. If you have no issues connecting to the network (or any other node), then the NIC should be working correctly.

If you have difficulty connecting a to the network (or any other node), then the NIC may be faulty and needs to be replaced.

1.6.4 Verify PC Connection to the ONS 15454 (ping)

Symptom The TCP/IP connection was established and then lost, and a DISCONNECTED alarm appears
on CTC.

Table 1-6 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-6 Verify PC connection to ONS 15454 (ping)

Possible Problem

Solution

A lost connection between the PC and the ONS 1554.

Use a standard ping command to verify the TCP/IP connection between the PC and the ONS 15454 TCC+ card. A ping command will work if the PC connects directly to the TCC+ card or uses a LAN to access the TCC+ card.

Note Software Release 3.0 requires the TCC+ card and does not support the TCC card. Releases 2.2, 2.2.1, and 2.2.2 support the TCC and the TCC+ cards.

Procedure: Ping the ONS 15454

a. If you are using a Microsoft Windows operating system, from the Start Menu choose Run, type command prompt in the Open field of the Run dialog box, and click OK.

b. If you are using a Sun Solaris operating system, from the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) click the Personal Application tab and click Terminal.

Step 2 For both the Sun and Microsoft operating systems, at the prompt type:

ping [ONS 15454 IP address]
For example, ping 192.1.0.2.

Step 3 If the workstation has connectivity to the ONS 15454, the ping is successful and displays a reply from the IP address. If the workstation does not have connectivity, a "Request timed out" message displays.

1.7 CTC Operation Troubleshooting

1.7.1 Unable to Change Node View to Network View

Symptom When activating a large, multi node BLSR from Software Release 3.2 to Software Release 3.3,
some of the nodes appear grayed out. Logging into the new CTC, the user is unable to change node view
to network view on any and all nodes, from any workstation. This is accompanied by an "Exception
occurred during event dispatching: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError" in the java window.

Table 1-7 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-7 Browser Stalls When Downloading Files From TCC+

Possible Problem

Solution

The large, multi node BLSR requires more memory for the GUI environment variables.

Reset the system or user CTC_HEAP environment variable to increase the memory limits.

Procedure: Delete the CTC Cache File Manually

Step 1 To delete the jar files manually, from the Windows Start menu choose Search > For Files or Folders.

Step 2 Enter *.jar in the Search for files or folders named field on the Search Results dialog box and click Search Now.

Step 3 Click the Modified column on the Search Results dialog box to find the jar files that match the date when you downloaded the files from the TCC+. These files may include CTC*.jar, CMS*.jar, and jar_cache*.tmp.

Step 4 Highlight the files and press the keyboard Delete key.

Step 5 Click Yes at the Confirm dialog box.

1.7.5 Node Icon is Grey on CTC Network View

Symptom The CTC network view shows one or more node icons as grey in color and without a node
name.

Table 1-11 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Usually accompanied by an EOC alarm. Clear the EOC alarm and verify the DCC connection as described in the "EOC" section on page 2-44.

1.7.6 CTC Cannot Launch Due to Applet Security Restrictions

Symptom The error message "Unable to launch CTC due to applet security restrictions" appears after you
enter the IP address in the browser window.

Table 1-12 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-12 CTC Cannot Launch Due to Applet Security Restrictions

Possible Problem

Solution

Did not execute the javapolicyinstall.bat file, or the java.policy file may be incomplete.

1. Verify that you have executed the javapolicyinstall.bat file on the ONS 15454 software CD. This file is installed when you run the CTC Setup Wizard (refer to the CTC installation information in the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for instructions).

Procedure: Manually Edit the java.policy File

Step 1 Search your computer for this file and open it with a text editor (Notepad or Wordpad).

Step 2 Verify that the end of this file has the following lines:

// Insert this into the system-wide or a per-user java.policy file.

// DO NOT OVERWRITE THE SYSTEM-WIDE POLICY FILE--ADD THESE LINES!

grant codeBase "http://*/fs/LAUNCHER.jar" {

permission java.security.AllPermission;

};

Step 3 If these five lines are not in the file, enter them manually.

Step 4 Save the file and restart Netscape.

CTC should now start correctly.

Step 5 If the error message is still reported, save the java.policy file as (.java.policy). On Win95/98/2000 PCs, save the file to the C:\Windows folder. On WinNT4.0 PCs, save the file to all of the user folders on that PC, for example, C:\Winnt\profiles\joeuser.

1.7.7 Java Runtime Environment Incompatible

Symptom The CTC application will not run properly.

Table 1-13 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-13 Java Runtime Environment Incompatible

Possible Problem

Solution

Do not have the compatible Java 2 JRE installed.

The Java 2 Runtime Environment (JRE) contains the Java virtual machine, runtime class libraries, and Java application launcher that are necessary to run programs written in the Java programming language.

The ONS 15454 CTC is a Java application. A Java application, unlike an applet, cannot rely completely on a web browser for installation and runtime services. When you run an application written in the Java programming language, you need the correct JRE installed. The correct JRE for each CTC software release is included on the Cisco ONS 15454 software CD and on the Cisco ONS 15454 documentation CD. See the "Launch CTC to Correct the Core Version Build" section.

If you are running multiple CTC software releases on a network, the JRE installed on the computer must be compatible with the different software releases. Table 1-14 shows JRE compatibility with ONS 15454 software releases.

Table 1-14 JRE Compatibility

ONS Software Release

JRE 1.2.2 Compatible

JRE 1.3 Compatible

ONS 15454 Release 2.2.1 and earlier

Yes

No

ONS 15454 Release 2.2.2

Yes

Yes

ONS 15454 Release 3.0

Yes

Yes

ONS 15454 Release 3.1

Yes

Yes

ONS 15454 Release 3.2

Yes

Yes

ONS 15454 Release 3.3

Yes

Yes

Procedure: Launch CTC to Correct the Core Version Build

Step 1 Exit the current CTC session and completely close the browser.

Step 2 Start the browser.

Step 3 Type the ONS 15454 IP address of the node that reported the alarm. This can be the original IP address you logged on with or an IP address other than the original.

Step 4 Log into CTC. The browser will download the jar file from CTC.

Note After Release 2.2.2, the single CMS.jar file evolved into core and element files. Core files are common to both the ONS 15454 and ONS 15327, while the element files are unique to the particular product. For example, the ONS 15327 Release 1.0 uses a 2.3 core build and a 1.0 element build. To display the CTC Core Version number, from the CTC menu bar click Help > About CTC. This lists the Core and Element builds discovered on the network.

1.7.8 Different CTC Releases Do Not Recognize Each Other

Symptom This situation is often accompanied by the INCOMPATIBLE-SW alarm.

Table 1-15 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-15 Different CTC Releases Do Not Recognize Each Other

Possible Problem

Solution

The software loaded on the connecting workstation and the software on the TCC+ card are incompatible.

This occurs when the TCC+ software is upgraded but the PC has not yet upgraded the compatible CTC jar file. It also occurs on login nodes with compatible software that encounter other nodes in the network that have a newer software version.

Note Remember to always log into the ONS node with the latest CTC core version first. If you initially log into an ONS node running a CTC core version of 2.2 or lower and then attempt to log into another ONS node in the network running a higher CTC core version, the lower version node will not recognize the new node.

Procedure: Launch CTC to Correct the Core Version Build

Step 3 Type the ONS 15454 IP address of the node that reported the alarm. This can be the original IP address you logged on with or an IP address other than the original.

Step 4 Log into CTC. The browser will download the jar file from CTC.

Note After Release 2.2.2, the single CMS.jar file evolved into core and element files. Core files are common to both the ONS 15454 and ONS 15327, while the element files are unique to the particular product. For example, the ONS 15327 Release 1.0 uses a 2.3 core build and a 1.0 element build. To display the CTC Core Version number, from the CTC menu bar click Help > About CTC. This lists the Core and Element builds discovered on the network.

1.7.9 Username or Password Do Not Match

Symptom A mismatch often occurs concurrently with a NOT-AUTHENTICATED alarm.

Table 1-16 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-16 Username or Password Do Not Match

Possible Problem

Solution

The username or password entered do not match the information stored in the TCC+.

All ONS nodes must have the same username and password created to display every ONS node in the network. You can also be locked out of certain ONS nodes on a network if your username and password were not created on those specific ONS nodes.

For initial logon to the ONS 15454, type the CISCO15 user name in capital letters and click Login (no password is required). If you are using a CTC software release prior to 3.0 and CISCO15does not work, type cerent454 for the user name.

1.7.11 DCC Connection Lost

Symptom The node is usually accompanied by alarms and the nodes in the network view have a grey
icon. This symptom is usually accompanied by an EOC alarm.

Table 1-18 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-18 DCC Connection Lost

Possible Problem

Solution

A lost DCC connection.

Usually accompanied by an EOC alarm. Clear the EOC alarm and verify the DCC connection as described in the "EOC" section on page 2-44.

1.7.12 "Path in Use" Error When Creating a Circuit

Symptom While creating a circuit, you get a "Path in Use" error that prevents you from completing the
circuit creation.

Table 1-19 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-19 "Path in Use" error when creating a circuit

Possible Problem

Solution

Another user has already selected the same source port to create another circuit.

CTC does not remove a card or port from the available list until a circuit is completely provisioned. If two users simultaneously select the same source port to create a circuit, the first user to complete circuit provisioning will get use of the port. The other user will get the "Path in Use" error.

Cancel the circuit creation and start over, or click the Back button until you return to the initial circuit creation screen. The source port that was previously selected will no longer appear in the available list because it is now part of a provisioned circuit. Select a different available port and begin the circuit creation process again.

1.7.13 Calculate and Design IP Subnets

Symptom You cannot calculate or design IP subnets on the ONS 15454.

Table 1-20 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Step 8 Verify that the Ethernet circuit that carries VLAN #1 is provisioned and that ONS 15454 #1 and ONS 15454 #2 ports also use VLAN #1.

1.7.15 VLAN Cannot Connect to Network Device from Untag Port

Symptom Networks that have a VLAN with one ONS 15454 Ethernet card port set to Tagged and one
ONS 15454 Ethernet card set to Untag may have difficulty implementing Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP) for a network device attached to the Untag port ( Figure 1-24). They may also see a higher than
normal runt packets count at the network device attached to the Untag port.

Figure 1-24 A VLAN with Ethernet ports at Tagged and Untag

Table 1-22 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-22 Verify PC connection to ONS 15454 (ping)

Possible Problem

Solution

The Tagged ONS 15454 adds the 802.1Q tag and the Untag ONS 15454 removes the Q-tag without replacing the bytes. The NIC of the network device categorizes the packet as a runt and drops the packet.

The solution is to set both ports in the VLAN to Tagged to stop the stripping of the 4 bytes from the data packet and prevents the NIC card in the network access device from recognizing the packet as a runt and dropping it. Network devices with 802.1Q-compliant NIC cards will accept the tagged packets. Network devices with non-802.1Q compliant NIC cards will still drop these tagged packets. The solution may require upgrading network devices with non-802.1Q compliant NIC cards to 802.1Q-compliant NIC cards. You can also set both ports in the VLAN to Untag, but you will lose 802.1Q compliance.

Dropped packets can also occur when ARP attempts to match the IP address of the network device attached to the Untag port with the physical MAC address required by the network access layer.

Procedure: Change VLAN Port Tag and Untagged Settings

Step 1 Display the CTC card view for the Ethernet card involved in the problem VLAN.

Step 3 If the port is set to Tagged, continue to look at other cards and their ports in the VLAN until you find the port that is set to Untag.

Step 4 At the VLAN port set to Untag, click the port and choose Tagged.

Note The attached external devices must recognize IEEE 802.1Q VLANs.

Step 5 After each port is in the appropriate VLAN, click Apply.

1.7.16 Cross-Connect Card Oscillator Fails

Symptom: The XC, XCVT, or XC10G card can be affected by this problem. It is indicated by a CTNEQPT-PBPROT or CTNEQPT-PBWORK condition raised against all I/O cards in the node. The following conditions might also be raised on the node:

•SWMTXMOD against one or both cross-connect cards

•SD-L against near-end or far-end line cards

•AIS-L against far-end line cards

•RFI-L against near-end line cards

Table 1-23 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Step 4 If CTNEQPT-PBPROT does not clear, replace the Slot 10 cross-connect card with a spare card.

Step 5 If CTNEQPT-PBPROT does not clear, replace the spare card placed in Slot 10 with the original cross-connect card.

Step 6 Right-click the Slot 8 card and choose Reset Card.

Step 7 Click OK to activate the Slot 10 card and place the Slot 8 card in standby.

Step 8 If you then see the CTNEQPT-PBWORK condition raised against all I/O cards in the node, verify that CTNEQPT-PBPROT has cleared on all I/O cards. Seeing CTNEQPT-PBWORK on the cards indicates that Slot 8 card has a bad oscillator. If this is indicated, complete the following substeps. Otherwise, go to Step 9.

Step 8 If you have switched the Slot 8 card to active and continue to see CTNEQPT-PBWORK reported against all I/O cards in the node, this indicates the Slot 8 card has a bad oscillator. If this is indicated, complete the following substeps. If not, go to Step 9.

a. Replace the Slot 8 cross-connect card with a spare card. (The Slot 10 card is made active.)

b. Reseat the Slot 10 cross-connect card to make Slot 8 active.

c. Verify that the CTNEQPT-PBWORK condition has cleared on all I/O cards.

Step 9 If you then see the CTNEQPT-PBPROT condition raised against all I/O cards, verify that CTNEQPT-PBWORK has cleared on the I/O cards. This indicates that Slot 10 has a bad oscillator. If so, complete the following substeps:

Logon to the circuit node that did not change to the desired state and determine the version of software. If the software on the node is a version earlier than 3.4, upgrade the software. Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Software Upgrade Guide for software upgrade procedures.

Note If the node software cannot be upgraded to version 3.4, the partial state condition can be avoided by only using the circuit state(s) supported in the earlier software version.

During an automatic transition, some path-level defects and/or alarms were detected on the circuit.

Logon to the circuit node that did not change to the desired state and examine the circuit for path-level defects, improper circuit termination, or alarms. Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedures Guide for procedures to clear alarms and change circuit configuration settings.

Resolve and clear the defects and/or alarms on the circuit node and verify that the circuit transitions to the desired state.

One end of the circuit is not properly terminated.

Procedure: View the State of Circuit Nodes

Step 1 Click the Circuits tab.

Step 2 From the Circuits tab list, select the circuit with the *_PARTIAL state condition.

Step 3 Click the Edit button. The Edit Circuit window appears.

Step 4 In the Edit Circuit window, click the State tab.

The State tab window will list the Node, CRS End A, CRS End B, and CRS State for each of the nodes in the circuit.

Step 14 From the Loopback Type list, choose None and then click Apply.

Step 15 Click the Alarm tab and verify that the AIS-V alarms have cleared.

Step 16 Repeat this procedure for all the AIS-V alarms on the DS3XM-6 cards.

1.8.3 Circuit Creation Error with VT1.5 Circuit

Symptom You might receive an "Error while finishing circuit creation. Unable to provision circuit.
Unable to create connection object at <node name>" message when trying to create a VT1.5 circuit in
CTC.

Table 1-26 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-26 Circuit Creation Error with VT1.5 Circuit

Possible Problem

Solution

You may have run out of bandwidth on the VT cross-connect matrix at the ONS 15454 indicated in the error message.

The matrix has a maximum capacity of 336 bidirectional VT1.5 cross-connects. Certain configurations will exhaust VT capacity with less than 336 bidirectional VT1.5s in a BLSR or less than 224 bidirectional VT1.5s in a UPSR or 1+1 protection group. Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Reference Guide for more information.

1.8.4 Unable to Create Circuit From DS-3 Card to DS3XM-6 Card

Symptom You cannot create a circuit from a DS-3 card to a DS3XM-6 card.

Table 1-27 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-27 Unable to Create Circuit from DS-3 Card to DS3XM-6 Card

Possible Problem

Solution

A DS-3 card and a DS3XM-6 card have different functions.

A DS3XM-6 card converts each of its six DS-3 interfaces into 28 DS-1s for cross-connection through the network. Thus you can create a circuit from a DS3XM-6 card to a DS-1 card, but not from a DS3XM-6 card to a DS-3 card. These differences are evident in the STS path overhead. The DS-3 card uses asynchronous mapping for DS-3, which is indicated by the C2 byte in the STS path overhead that has a hex code of 04. A DS3XM-6 has a VT payload with a C2 hex value of 02.

Note You can find instructions for creating circuits in the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedures Guide.

1.8.5 DS3 Card Does Not Report AIS-P From External Equipment

Symptom A DS3-12/DS3N-12/DS3-12E/DS3N-12E card does not report STS AIS-P from the external
equipment/line side.

Table 1-28 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-28 DS3 Card Does Not Report AIS-P From External Equipment

Possible Problem

Solution

The card is functioning as designed.

This card terminates the port signal at the backplane so STS AIS-P is not reported from the external equipment/line side.

DS3-12/DS3N-12E cards have DS3 header monitoring functionality, which allows you to view performance monitoring (PM) on the DS3 path. Nevertheless, you cannot view AIS-P on the STS path. For more information on the PM capabilities of the DS3-12E/DS3N-12E cards, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedures Guide.

1.8.6 OC-3 and DCC Limitations

Symptom Limitations to OC-3 and DCC usage.

Table 1-29 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-29 OC-3 and DCC Limitations

Possible Problem

Solution

OC-3 and DCC have limitations for the ONS 15454.

For an explanation of OC-3 and DCC limitations, refer to the DCC Tunnels section of the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedures Guide.

1.8.7 ONS 15454 Switches Timing Reference

Symptom Timing references switch when one or more problems occur.

Table 1-30 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-30 ONS 15454 Switches Timing Reference

Possible Problem

Solution

The optical or BITS input is receiving loss of signal (LOS), loss of frame (LOF), or AIS alarms from its timing source.

The ONS 15454 internal clock operates at a Stratum 3 level of accuracy. This gives the ONS 15454 a free-running synchronization accuracy of ±4.6 ppm and a holdover stability of less than 255 slips in the first 24 hours or 3.7x10-7/day, including temperature.

Sync Status Messaging (SSM) message is set to Don't Use for Sync (DUS).

SSM indicates a Stratum 3 or lower clock quality.

The input frequency is off by more than 15 ppm.

The input clock wanders and has more than three slips in 30 seconds.

A bad timing reference existed for at least two minutes.

1.8.8 Holdover Synchronization Alarm

Symptom The clock is running at a different frequency than normal and the HLDOVERSYNC alarm
appears.

Table 1-31 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-31 Holdover Synchronization Alarm

Possible Problem

Solution

The last reference input has failed.

The clock is running at the frequency of the last known-good reference input. This alarm is raised when the last reference input fails. See the "HLDOVRSYNC" section on page 2-68 for a detailed description of this alarm.

1.8.9 Free-Running Synchronization Mode

Symptom The clock is running at a different frequency than normal and the FRNGSYNC alarm appears.

Table 1-32 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-32 Free-Running Synchronization Mode

Possible Problem

Solution

No reliable reference input is available.

The clock is using the internal oscillator as its only frequency reference. This occurs when no reliable, prior timing reference is available. See the "FRNGSYNC" section on page 2-66 for a detailed description of this alarm.

1.8.10 Daisy-Chained BITS Not Functioning

Symptom You are unable to daisy-chain the BITS.

Table 1-33 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-33 Daisy-Chained BITS Not Functioning

Possible Problem

Solution

Daisy-chaining BITS is not supported on the ONS 15454.

Daisy-chaining BITS causes additional wander buildup in the network and is therefore not supported. Instead, use a timing signal generator to create multiple copies of the BITS clock and separately link them to each ONS 15454.

1.8.11 Blinking STAT LED after Installing a Card

Symptom After installing a card, the STAT LED blinks continuously for more than 60 seconds.

Table 1-34 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-34 Blinking STAT LED on installed card

Possible Problem

Solution

The card cannot boot because it failed the Power On Shelf Test (POST) diagnostics.

The blinking STAT LED indicates that POST diagnostics are being performed. If the LED continues to blink more than 60 seconds, the card has failed the POST diagnostics test and has failed to boot.

If the card has truly failed, an EQPT-BOOT alarm is raised against the slot number with an "Equipment Fails To Boot" description. Check the alarm tab for this alarm to appear for the slot where the card was installed.

To attempt recovery, remove and reinstall the card and observe the card boot process. If the card fails to boot, replace the card.

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

1.9 Fiber and Cabling

This section explains problems typically caused by cabling connectivity errors. It also includes instructions for crimping CAT-5 cable and lists the optical fiber connectivity levels.

1.9.1 Bit Errors Appear for a Traffic Card

Symptom A traffic card has multiple Bit errors.

Table 1-35 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-35 Bit Errors Appear for a Line Card

Possible Problem

Solution

Faulty cabling or low optical-line levels.

Bit errors on line (traffic) cards usually originate from cabling problems or low optical-line levels. The errors can be caused by synchronization problems, especially if PJ (pointer justification) errors are reported. Moving cards into different error-free slots will isolate the cause. Use a test set whenever possible because the cause of the errors could be external cabling, fiber, or external equipment connecting to the ONS 15454. Troubleshoot cabling problems using the "Network Troubleshooting Tests" section. Troubleshoot low optical levels using the "Faulty Fiber-Optic Connections" section.

1.9.2 Faulty Fiber-Optic Connections

Symptom A line card has multiple SONET alarms and/or signal errors.

Table 1-36 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Warning Follow all directions and warning labels when working with optical fibers. To prevent eye damage, never look directly into a fiber or connector. Class IIIb laser. Danger, laser radiation when open. The OC-192 laser is off when the safety key is off (labeled 0). The laser is on when the card is booted and the safety key is in the on position (labeled 1). The port does not have to be in service for the laser to be on. Avoid direct exposure to the beam. Invisible radiation is emitted from the aperture at the end of the fiber optic cable when connected, but not terminated.

a. Clean or replace the fiber patch cords. If possible, do this for the OC-N card you are working on and the far-end card.

b. Clean the optical connectors on the card. If possible, do this for the OC-N card you are working on and the far-end card.

c. Ensure that the far-end transmitting card is not an ONS intermediate range (IR) card when an ONS long range (LR) card is appropriate.

IR cards transmit a lower output power than LR cards.

d. Replace the far-end transmitting OC-N card to eliminate the possibility of a degrading transmitter on this OC-N card.

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

e. If the power level still falls below the specified range with the replacement fibers and replacement card, check for one of these three factors that attenuate the power level and affect link loss (LL):

•Excessive number or fiber connectors; connectors take approximately 0.5 dB each.

•Excessive number of fiber splices; splices take approximately 0.5 dB each.

Note These are typical attenuation values. Refer to the specific product documentation for the actual values or use an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to establish precise link loss and budget requirements.

Step 5 If no power level shows on the fiber, the fiber is bad or the transmitter on the optical card failed.

b. Clean or replace the fiber patch cords. If possible, do this for the OC-N card you are working on and the far-end card.

c. Retest the fiber power level.

d. If the replacement fiber still shows no power, replace the optical card.

Caution Removing a card that currently carries traffic on one or more ports can cause a traffic hit. To avoid this, perform an external switch if a switch has not already occurred. Consult the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide for information.

Step 6 If the power level on the fiber is above the range specified for the card, ensure that an ONS long-range (LR) card is not being used when an ONS intermediate-range (IR) card is appropriate.

LR cards transmit a higher output power than IR cards. When used with short runs of fiber, an LR transmitter will be too powerful for the receiver on the receiving OC-N card.

Receiver overloads occur when maximum receiver power is exceeded.

Tip To prevent overloading the receiver, use an attenuator on the fiber between the ONS OC-N card transmitter and the receiver. Place the attenuator on the receive transmitter of the ONS OC-N cards. Refer to the attenuator documentation for specific instructions.

Tip Most fiber has text printed on only one of the two fiber strands. Use this to identify which fiber is connected to Tx and which fiber is connected to Rx.

Procedure: Replace Faulty Gigabit Interface Converters

Gigabit interface converters (GBICs) are hot-swappable input/output devices that plug into a Gigabit Ethernet port to link the port with the fiber-optic network. Cisco provides two GBIC models: one for short reach applications, 15454-GBIC-SX, and one for long reach applications, 15454-GBIC-LX. The short reach, or "SX" model, connects to multimode fiber and has a maximum cabling distance of 1804 feet. The long reach, or "LX" model, requires single-mode fiber and has a maximum cabling distance of 32,810 feet.

GBICs can be installed or removed while the card and shelf assembly are powered and running. GBIC transmit failure is characterized by a steadily blinking Fail LED on the Gigabit Ethernet (E1000-2/E1000-2-G) card. Figure 1-26 shows a GBIC.

Figure 1-26 A gigabit interface converter (GBIC)

Warning Class 1 laser product

Warning Invisible laser radiation may be emitted from the aperture ports of single-mode fiber optic modules when a cable is not connected. Avoid exposure and do not stare into open apertures.

Step 2 Release the GBIC from the card-interface by simultaneously squeezing the two plastic tabs, one on each side of the GBIC.

Step 3 Slide the GBIC out of the Gigabit Ethernet front-panel slot.

Note A flap closes over the GBIC slot to protect the connector on the Gigabit Ethernet (E1000-2/E1000-2-G) card.

Step 4 Remove the new GBIC from its protective packaging.

Step 5 Check the part number to verify that the GBIC is the correct type for your network.

Caution Check the label on the GBIC carefully. The two GBIC models look similar.

Step 6 Grip the sides of the GBIC with your thumb and forefinger and insert the GBIC into the slot on the front panel of the Gigabit Ethernet (E1000-2/E1000-2-G) card.

Note GBICs are keyed to prevent incorrect installation.

Figure 1-27 Installing a GBIC on the E1000-2/E1000-2-G card

Step 7 Slide the GBIC through the front flap until you hear a click.

The click indicates that the GBIC is locked into the slot.

Step 8 When you are ready to attach the network interface fiber-optic cable, remove the protective plug from the GBIC and save the plug for future use.

Procedure: Crimp Replacement LAN Cables

You can crimp your own LAN cables for use with the ONS 15454. Use a cross-over cable when connecting an ONS 15454 to a hub, LAN modem, or switch, and use a LAN cable when connecting an ONS 15454 to a router or workstation. Use Category 5 cable RJ-45 T-568B, Color Code (100 Mbps), and a crimping tool. Figure 1-28 shows the layout of an RJ-45 connector. Figure 1-29 shows the layout of a LAN cable and Figure 1-30 shows the layout of a cross-over cable.

Figure 1-28 RJ-45 pin numbers

Figure 1-29 LAN cable layout

Table 1-37 LAN cable pinout

Pin

Color

Pair

Name

Pin

1

white/orange

2

Transmit Data +

1

2

orange

2

Transmit Data -

2

3

white/green

3

Receive Data +

3

4

blue

1

4

5

white/blue

1

5

6

green

3

Receive Data -

6

7

white/brown

4

7

8

brown

4

8

Figure 1-30 Cross-over cable layout

Table 1-38 Cross-over cable pinout

Pin

Color

Pair

Name

Pin

1

white/orange

2

Transmit Data +

3

2

orange

2

Transmit Data -

6

3

white/green

3

Receive Data +

1

4

blue

1

4

5

white/blue

1

5

6

green

3

Receive Data -

2

7

white/brown

4

7

8

brown

4

8

Note Odd-numbered pins always connect to a white wire with a colored stripe.

1.10 Power and LED Tests

1.10.1 Power Supply Problems

Symptom Loss of power or low voltage, resulting in a loss of traffic and causing the LCD clock to reset
to the default date and time.

Table 1-40 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-40 Power Supply Problems

Possible Problem

Solution

Loss of power or low voltage.

The ONS 15454 requires a constant source of DC power to properly function. Input power is -48 VDC. Power requirements range from -42 VDC to -57 VDC.

A newly installed ONS 15454 that is not properly connected to its power supply will not operate. Power problems can be confined to a specific ONS 15454 or affect several pieces of equipment on the site.

A loss of power or low voltage can result in a loss of traffic and causes the LCD clock on the ONS 15454 to default to January 1, 1970, 00:04:15. To reset the clock, in node view click the Provisioning > General tabs and change the Date and Time fields.

Caution Operations that interrupt power supply or short the power connections to the ONS 15454 are service-affecting.

Warning When working with live power, always use proper tools and eye protection.

Warning Always use the supplied electrostatic discharge (ESD) wristband when working with a powered ONS 15454. Plug the wristband cable into the ESD jack located on the lower-right outside edge of the shelf assembly.

Procedure: Isolate the Cause of Power Supply Problems

Step 1 If a single ONS 15454 show signs of fluctuating power or power loss:

a. Verify that the -48 VDC #8 power terminals are properly connected to a fuse panel. These power terminals are located on the lower section of the backplane EIA under the clear plastic cover.

b. Verify that the power cable is #12 or #14 AWG and in good condition.

c. Verify that the power cable connections are properly crimped. Stranded #12 or #14 AWG does not always crimp properly with Staycon type connectors.

d. Verify that 20A fuses are used in the fuse panel.

e. Verify that the fuses are not blown.

f. Verify that a rack-ground cable attaches to the frame-ground terminal (FGND) on the right side of the ONS 15454 EIA. Connect this cable to the ground terminal according to local site practice.

g. Verify that the DC power source has enough capacity to carry the power load.

h. If the DC power source is battery-based:

•Check that the output power is high enough. Power requirements range from -42 VDC to -57 VDC.

•Check the age of the batteries. Battery performance decreases with age.

•Check for opens and shorts in batteries, which may affect power output.

•If brownouts occur, the power load and fuses may be too high for the battery plant.

Step 2 If multiple pieces of site equipment show signs of fluctuating power or power loss:

a. Check the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or rectifiers that supply the equipment. Refer to the UPS manufacturer's documentation for specific instructions.

b. Check for excessive power drains caused by other equipment, such as generators.

c. Check for excessive power demand on backup power systems or batteries when alternate power sources are used.

1.10.2 Power Consumption for Node and Cards

Symptom You are unable to power up a node or the cards in a node.

Table 1-41 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-41 Power Consumption for Node and Cards

Possible Problem

Solution

Improper power supply.

Refer to power information in the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide.

1.10.3 Lamp Test for Card LEDs

Symptom Card LED will not light or you are unsure if LEDs are working properly.

Table 1-42 describes the potential cause(s) of the symptom and the solution(s).

Table 1-42 Lamp Test for Card LEDs

Possible Problem

Solution

Faulty LED

A lamp test verifies that all the card LEDs work. Run this diagnostic test as part of the initial ONS 15454 turn-up, a periodic maintenance routine, or any time you question whether an LED is in working order.