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2 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...3 B.1) DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY...3 B.2) APPLIED METHODOLOGY...3 B.2) APPLIED METHODOLOGY...6 B.3) APPLIED EQUIPMENT B.4) THE COURSE OF WORK C) About the London Charter for the Computer-based Visualisation of Cultural Heritage, edited by Hugh Denard, King s College London, 7 February D) TECHNICAL DRAWINGS D.1) VIEW FROM LEFT SIDE D.2) VIEW FROM RIGHR SIDE D.3) VIEW FROM BOW D.4) VIEW FROM STERN D.5) VIEW FROM THE TOP D.6) VIEW FROM THE BOTTOM D.7) ISOMETRIC VIEW D.8) TOP VIEW WITH TRANSVERSE LONGITUDINAL STIFFENERS FISCHING BOAT CZOLN D.9) BOW CROSS SECTION FISHING BOATH CZOLN D.10) MIDSHIP CROSS SECTION FISHING BOAT CZOLN D.11) STERN CROSS SECTION FISHING BOAT CZOLN D.12) BACKBONE FISHING BOAT CZOLN D.13)BACKOBONE DRAWNING WITH TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL STIFFENERS, WITHOUT PLANKS FISHING BOAT CZOLN E) CLOUD OF POINTS E.1) ISOMETRIC VIEW E.2) CROSS SECTION IN THE BOW SECTION E.3) CROSS SECTION IN AMIDSHIPS E.4) CROSS SECTION IN THE STERN SECTION F) 3D MODEL F.1) 3D model without textures based on the collected cloud of points(isometric view) F.2) 3D model without textures based on the collected cloud of points (view from the left side) F.3) 3D model without textures based on the collected cloud of points (view from the right side) F.4) 3D model without textures based on the collected cloud of points (view from the top) F.5) 3D model without textures based on the collected cloud of points (view from the bottom)

3 F.6) Full Plastic 3D model without textures (isometric view) F.7) Full Plastic 3D model without textures (view from the left side) F.8) Full Plastic 3D model without textures (view from the right side) F.9) Full Plastic 3D model without textures (view from the top) F.10) Full Plastic 3D model without textures (view from the bottom) F.11) Full Plastic 3D model with textures (isometric view) F.12) Model 3D pełnoplastyczny z teksturami (widok od lewej burty) F.13) Full Plastic 3D model with textures (view from the right side) F.14) Full Plastic 3D model with textures (view from the top) F.15) Full Plastic 3D model with textures (view from the bottom) G) DIMENSIONING G.1) MAIN DIMENSIONS G.2) EXPLANTORY DRAWNING TOP VIEW H) THEORETICAL CALCULATION

4 1. INTRODUCTION B.1) DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY Gzowski & Gzowski Architects Company sc was established in 2005 as a continuation of the research and design office - DART AGENCY acting since The growing interest of investors in transfiguring protected areas in new buildings became the basis for the formation of a new company profile. The laboratory is specialized in creating research and project documentation. The scope of activity is a 3D laser scanning of historic buildings (both museum exhibits and historic buildings), construction and restoration inventories, which are based on 3D scanning, projects of reconstruction of buildings and interior elements, ortophotogrammetry, multi-sector, building and implementing projects. The company also performs congeneric archaeological survey, architectural, conservation, congeneric programs of conservation work, the technical expertise of historic buildings with the analysis of declension (3D scanning) and architectural concepts in consultation with the Office of Conservation. Substantive supervision over the calculative part: Jan Młynarczyk PhD, an engineer of shipbuilding, specialized in small ships and yachts. A Technical Expert - Polish Register of Shipping (PRS), Department of Yachts and Boats, technical inspector, appraiser - Marine team. He is also the inspector (non-exclusive) of PRS supervision of yachts, the surveyor of International Measuring Formulas of marine yachts - RORC, IOR, IMS. Ship Service: Ship Service Company was founded in 2009 in Gdansk. It is a design company specializing in small and medium-sized vessels, especially yachts, boats and fishing boats. It is one of the few companies on the market, which has experience in projecting wooden units. The company cooperates with shipyards, research institutes and design offices in the area of structures, equipment, installations and stability of vessels. B.2) APPLIED METHODOLOGY 3

5 Ordering the inventory of historic boats, referred as "Making a digital inventory of historic folk boat team from the collections of the National Maritime Museum as a part of "Maritime Museum - Digital Maritime Museum (step 2)" project was realized in the period from to The aim of the task was to perform a complete digital documentation of 14 historic boats, located in Fishery Museum in Hel, by Gzowski & Gzowski Architects sc, Goplańska 38, Gdańsk. The task specifies the equipment, which allowed for the proper performance of measurements and documenting the boat. The ground laser scanner Faro Focus model 120 was used. Scans were performed based on the capabilities and technologies offered by the above-mentioned device. When the contract with the National Maritime Museum was signed, the measurements started. The biggest threats to the proper execution of the order were: short delivery time, the scope of work, as well as weather conditions, having a key influence on the measurement. It was the first documentation in the country made by laser scanning. For this reason, at the beginning of the work, a number of processing tests had to be performed, which resulted in a significant loss of time. On the other hand, these attempts made it possible to develop a suitable methodology of the work presented below. The schedule is divided into three stages: 1) the stage of the measurement (laser scanning) in the Fishery Museum, Hel. The measurements of three boats were taken inside the building and the eleven boats were measured outside. The measurements are dependent on weather conditions. 2) the stage of processing the points. Processed, filtered and positioned data were analyzed, and after once accepted, the material was passed to the next stage of processing. 3) the stage of data processing of point cloud format. The entity responsible for the execution of 3D models is, in the first place, engaged in modeling airtight boats for the marine laboratory. On this basis, the laboratory began the calculations for individual units. 4

6 4) the stage of modeling full solids of boats to improve their condition. The final material was a boat in Mesch form together with textures. This operation was performed at the end of the task. 5) the equivalent of point 3 (drawings and calculations). After receiving the material in the form of airtight solids, 3D solids and drawings based on scans, the marine laboratory processed the material. 6) The final step: the analysis of 3D marine materials and execution of technical and narrative documentation. The measurement works were based on the experience of our employees of Gzowski & Gzowski Architects sc in the field of scanning architectural monuments and archaeological buildings. The workshop conducted numerous innovative research, combining orthophotography, tachometric measurements, measurements with a laser scanner and traditional measurement methods. Thus, taking the measurements was possible, avoiding many obstacles posed by the scanning technique. The main objectives of the project were the directives included in the specification of essential terms of the contract and the recommendations of the London Charter. The documentation of the boat made by the Norwegian studio was the comparative material and it was titled "DOKUMENTASJON AV AV FARTØY VED Hjelp LASERSCANNING", and obtained from a representative of the Central Maritime Museum, Martin Kłos MA. Based on the design of wooden oak boat and documented in the above-mentioned work, it was the only reference material for the preparation of the boat in Hel. It was considered that the visual effect should be similar to the result obtained in Norway. The progress was consulted on a regular basis with the representatives of the National Maritime Museum and the reports of each step were periodically sent out. During the technical conference, which took place at the headquarters of the National Maritime Museum in Gdansk on , the scope of work, expected results of measurements, Mesch visualizations, 3D views and drawings were 5

7 determined by the team. The result of this meeting was a note stating: "The direction and the material presented at the conference are suitable to accomplish this task." B.2) APPLIED METHODOLOGY The majority of units was held outside the building due to the location of the boat. The area, on which a tripod scanner stood, was varied, gravel or granite paving stones. However, setting the scanner on a tripod made it possible to perform a reliable measurement. The measurements were performed with a laser scanner after the preparation of the boat (cleaned of leaves, twigs, sand). In view of the material from which the boats were constructed and covering a few of the units thick layer of tar, the issue of possible reflections of the laser beam was discussed. T o avoid the error, which could significantly distort the scan, the measurements were held of completely drained units. The series of trial scans were performed to adjust the appropriate scan parameters. The main recommendation of the National Maritime Museum was the information contained in the terms of the contract, which reads: "Scanning should be performed with the calibrated device to ensure the accuracy of its measurement 1 point per square millimeter (spatial resolution points). Permissible error shall not exceed 5mm (measurement uncertainty)" Adopted scanner settings: a) ¼ point horizontally and vertically; b) scan size 1024x4267; c) the resulting scan size in millions of points 43.7: d) the distance of the point mm / 10m 6136; e) resolution; f) quality of 4x; Scans were made in colour by using the photo-quality units 70Mpx (megapixels) integrated with the scanner. Total camera resolution is the result of a number of pictures taken by the scanner during a turn. On each boat, there were from 15 to 35 scans. The material obtained in the scanning process made it possible to accurately 6

8 reflect the plasticity and the geometry of each unit. After the registration of scans with scan filtration and removal of erroneous, individual data points, the density of the cloud of points from ~ mm was obtained. Figure 1.The density of the cloud of points of a sample boat. 7

9 Figure 2. Distances (millimeters) of the recorded points during the measurement. Given the numerical value is the distance between neighboring points. scans. The next step was to analyze the collected data and the classification of each of the Figure 3. Selected part of the boat before the data filtration process. 8

10 Figure 4. Selected part of the boat after the data filtration process. Chosen area scan, carrying the highest number of source points undisturbed and closest to each other. This resulted in the increased number of scanning points, but the result was a more effective and efficient amount of data. It was advisable to remove from the scans the measurements which were more than 450cm-600cm away. The scanner is able to register points to 80 meters. The data did not fall within the scope of the measured boat were removed. The simple elements of the boat (e.g. a board) were individual filtered since the large amount of data was unnecessary. This would result in a duplication of data and the increased volume of data to be processed. (Data analysis was carried out by a person engaged in scanning process and machining data after scanning.) Reducing the density of points on such surfaces allowed to reduce the volume of processing data and, consequently, the data that were made available in internet. This decision was dictated by the fact that the documentation of the wood surface structure was not of primary importance. It was more important to register the shape of the hull precisely. 9

11 Figure 5. The filtration process and the registration of scans in Faro Scene software. The material was an excellent starting base for the further process of surface modeling. The model was prepared based on the MESCHLAB software 10

12 Figure 6. The process of creating a sample boat in the Meschlab software. Raw points were exported in the Faro Scene, in PTX format. This format allows you to save the raw data along with texture. A single scan in the form of PTX reached the size from 200 megabyte to 1.2 gigabyte. The scans in the form of PLY from Meschlab program were exported to Blender software for the analysis and they were again filtrated. Further process of submitting all scans together, creating a triangle mesh and UV mapping took place in the Meschlab program. This process is partly automated. When constructing a complex boat, the process took place manually. The final result was a Mesch solid of a boat with a texture, based on the cloud of points, obtained from the camera scanner. The last step was to make tight solids (of complemented defects of the boats), which was performed in Cinema 4D program. This process was fully manual and made based on the model of the cloud of points, requiring the individual interpretation of the operator. The software used in the installation process is described fully in section B.3 APPLIED EQUIPMENT. 11

13 All in all, the method of laser scanning for measuring historic boats is faster and more efficient than the traditional forms of measurement and documentation. The material obtained from the measurement and treatment, gives a detailed picture of the boat, containing such information as colour (texture), size and structure of the object. Such accurate results would be difficult to obtain using the traditional forms of documentation. B.3) APPLIED EQUIPMENT The measurements of the boat were made with Faro Laser Scanner, Focus 3D model. Focus3D uses laser technology to produce detailed, three-dimensional images of complex environments and geometries. Scan result is made up of millions of colorful, three-dimensional measurement points and an exact digital reproduction of existing reality. The speed reaches 976,000 of measurement points per second. Specifications: Faro Focus 3D 120 The range of Faro Focus 3D m m inside or outside the building in poor light and with the incident laser beam that perpendicularly reaches the surface and with the reflectance of 90%. Speed measurement / / / ~ points / sec. Distance measurement error +/- 2 mm Photo module resolution up to 70 megapixels in colour. The function of dynamic colours. Automatic brightness adjustment. Mirror Vertical field of view of 305. Horizontal field of view of 360 Vertical resolution of ( pixels 3D 360 ) Horizontal resolution of ( pixels 3D 360 ) The maximum speed of vertical scanning 5,820 rpm. / Min or 97 Hz Laser Laser power (continuous wave, Ø) 20 MW (laser of 3R class) Wavelength 905 nm. Beam divergence of typical size of 0.16 mill radians (0.009 ) Beam diameter at the output 3.8 mm (circular) 12

14 Operation and control of the scanner Storage media: SD, SDHC, SDXC ; with 32 gigabyte card included Scanner control using touch screen Date of last calibration 1/21/2013 The scanning process used markers and reference spheres of known radius. They are used for the registration of scans in order to connect with each other point clouds from different positions. The scans were gathered using the FARO SCENE and then processed in Blender, MESCHLAB and CINEMA 4D. FARO SCENE is the program to process the data of scanning and to manage them, using automatic object recognition, registration and positioning of the scans. Using SCENE software, you may also stain the scanned images. Cloud processing software generates data of high quality. After preparation of the data, they were also processed in Blender and MeshLab. MeshLab is an extensible, portable, multi-platform open Skurce system used for processing and editing of unstructured, three-dimensional mesh of tri / quadmesh. The program includes implemented tools for processing typical models and clouds of points, resulting from 3D scanning. With the software, you may clean, repair, reconstruct and render a triangle mesh. The Cinema 4D allows you to create 2D and 3D animation. In the task, it was used to improve the physical quality of boats. Drawings calibrated as orthophotos were performed using Faro SCENE program, and then retouched in ADOBE PHOTOSHOP. 13

16 Figure 9. The process of formation of Full Plastic lumps supplemented with the missing data. 15

17 B.4) THE COURSE OF WORK DAILY REPORT LASER SCANNING 1. Technician MARCIN KULESZA 2. Scanner FARO FOCUS 3D Date of last calibration Precision ¼ the vertical and horizontal points ; Scan size Points 1024x4267 ; The resulting 5. The number of scans performed per day scan size in millions of points MPoints 43.7 ; distance of a point mm/10m ; Resolution 1/4 ; Quality 4x ; Single scan time 09: The names of created files CZOLN_PB_Z_DZ_001 ; CZOLN_PB_Z_DS_002 ; CZOLN_WD_Z_SE_003 ; CZOLN_WD_Z_RS_004 ; CZOLN_WD_Z_SE_005 ; CZOLN_WD_Z_DZ_006 ; CZOLN_WD_Z_DZ_007 ; CZOLN_PB_Z_RS_008 ; CZOLN_PB_Z_SE_009 ; CZOLN_PB_Z_DS_010 ; CZOLN_PB_Z_DZ_011 ; CZOLN_LB_Z_DZ_012 ; CZOLN_LB_Z_SE_013 ; CZOLN_LB_Z_RS_014 ; CZOLN_LB_Z_RU_015 ; CZOLN_WG_W_RS_016 ; CZOLN_WG_W_SE_017 ; CZOLN_WG_W_RS_018 ; CZOLN_WD_Z_DS_019 ; CZOLN_WD_Z_SE_020 ; CZOLN_WD_Z_RU_021 ; CZOLN_LB_Z_SE_ Scanned objects 4. CZOLN dla (CZOŁN) CMM/BO/348 Boat czołn łebski 8. Weather sunny without 9. The average temperature in the hours of operation 19C 10 Date clouds With some clouds With a lot of clouds rainy The boat was scanned with 22 positions of the scanner inside the building. Scanning took one working day. NOTES: At the beginning the boat was dusted of numerous pollutants as stones, leaves and branches. The measurements were performed in the period available to the public. The 16

18 Cyfrowa inwentaryzacja zespołu zabytkowych łodzi ludowych ze zbiorów Narodowego boat was secured during the measurement time. Boat was raised up to a height of ~ 70 cm using a hydraulic jack. The keel measurement was performed at a maximum lowered scanner setting its head directly on the flor. Scans were performed outside and inside the unit. Overall dimensions of the scanner (the smallest in the class of ground scanners) allowed boat measurements in all available places. Boat, in order to better exposure, is mounted on a wooden support beams. Places that were obscured by support beams were not possible to be scanned. Dropouts was supplemented with 3D modeling and they are in the resources of complemented models. Photo 1. View from the bow, left side. 17

21 C) About the London Charter for the Computer-based Visualisation of Cultural Heritage, edited by Hugh Denard, King s College London, 7 February The London Charter 2_1 proposes principles for creation of good practices in the field of digital visualisation of tangible heritage, with special emphasis on scientific methods and their evaluation in terms of projected aims and results. Moreover, it is an initiative which aims to promote mentioned good practices in cultural heritage sector and commercial sector. It does not cover visualization as used in modern art. London Charter 2_1 describes six rules (as presented below in a shortened version): 1. Implementation (valid wherever computer-based visualisation is applied to the research or dissemination of cultural heritage); 1.1. Development of a London Charter Implementation Guidelines by each community of professionals; 1.2. Development of a London Charter Implementation Strategy for every computer-based visualisation of tangible heritage activity; 1.3. Dissemination of knowledge about the London Charter and Charter Implementation Guidelines among activity participants who are involved in computer-based visualisation process; 1.4. Calculation of costs of implementing scientific methods compliant with principles of the London Charter in relation to the added intellectual, educational or economic value of produced outputs; 2. Aims and methods (a computer-based visualisation method should normally be used only when it is the most appropriate available method for that purpose); 2.1. Computer-based visualisation is not the most appropriate method for all cultural heritage research and dissemination of knowledge about tangible heritage; 2.2. Decision about selecting a method should be proceeded by an assessment of all available methods which could be used to achieve established aims; 20

22 2.3. Decision about selecting a method should be based on an evaluation of the likely success of each approach in addressing each aim, especially when a development of a new method is taken to consideration; 3. Research Sources (scientific methods are based on relevant research sources and should be identified and evaluated in a structured and documented way); 3.1. In the context of the Charter, research sources are defined as all information, considered during, or directly influencing, the creation of computer-based visualisation outcomes; 3.2. Research sources should be used with reference to current understandings within communities of practice; 3.3. Attention should be given to the influence of ideological, historical, social, religious and aesthetic factors; 4. Documentation (sufficient information about aims, methods and outcomes should be documented and disseminated); 4.1. Enhancing practice visualisation activity documented in designed order, so it might be used for enhancing methods and competences; 4.2. Enhancing practice documentation allows comparative analysis and outcome assessment, as well as detection of issues which have been revealed during the process of computer-based visualisation activity; 4.3. Enhancing practice documentation may assist in the management of Intellectual Property Rights or privileged information; 4.4. Documentation of Knowledge Claims Clearly indicated purpose of computer-based visualisation for example existing state, an evidence-based restoration, an hypothetical reconstruction, and information about the extent and nature of any factual uncertainty; 4.5. Documentation of Research Sources dissemination of research sources and their provenance; 4.6. Documentation of Process (Paradata) dissemination of documentation of all sorts of decisions made in course of computer-based visualisation in 21

23 such a way that the relationship between research sources, implicit knowledge, explicit reasoning and produced outcomes can be understood; 4.7. Documentation of Methods dissemination of documentation containing the rationale for choosing particular computer-based visualisation method in such a way that it might be evaluated and provide conclusions for subsequent activities; 4.8. Documentation of Methods dissemination of documentation containing detailed description of used method in case when it is likely that it will not be understood in relevant communities of practice; 4.9. Documentation of Methods in case of interdisciplinary context, documentation should be undertaken in such a way that it identifies different research questions, methods, outcomes and lexica of participating members from diverse subject communities; Documentation of Dependency Relationship dissemination of computer-based visualisation outcomes in such a way that the nature and importance of significant, hypothetical dependency relationships between elements can be clearly identified by users and the reasoning underlying such hypotheses understood; Documentation Formats and Standards dissemination of documentation using adequate media, including graphical, textual, video, audio, numerical or combination of the above; Documentation Formats and Standards dissemination of documentation with reference to relevant standards and ontologies according to best practice in relevant communities of practice ; 5. Sustainability (planning and implementation of long-term sustainability); 5.1. Implementation of the most reliable and sustainable method of computerbased visualisation archiving; 5.2. Migration to different (new) formats and emulation of software applied to the use of computer-based visualisation data and documentation; 22

24 5.3. Where digital archiving is not possible or does not ensure the long-term survival of data, a two-dimensional record evoking as far as possible the scope and properties of the original output of a computer-based visualisation should be preferred; 5.4. Documentation strategies should be designed to be sustainable in relations to available resources and prevailing working practices; 6. Access (the creation and dissemination computer-based visualisation in such a way as to ensure that maximum possible benefits are achieved for the study, understanding, interpretation, preservation and management of cultural heritage); 6.1. The aims, methods and dissemination plans of computer-based visualisation should reflect consideration of how such work can enhance access to cultural heritage that is otherwise inaccessible due to health and safety, disability, economic, political, or environmental reasons, or because the object of the visualisation is lost, endangered, dispersed, or has been destroyed, restored or reconstructed; 6.2. Projects should take cognizance of the types and degrees of access that computer-based visualisation can uniquely provide to cultural heritage stakeholders, including the study of change over time, magnification, modification, manipulation of virtual objects, embedding of datasets, instantaneous global distribution. Hereafter is described implementation of the London Charter (v. 2_1 PL) for computer-based visualisation of collection of traditional wooden boats from National Maritime Museum in Gdansk within project National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk Digital Maritime Museum (Stage 2). 1. Implementation Ad Development of a London Charter Implementation Guidelines by each community of professionals. 23

25 National Maritime Museum in Gdansk is the leading museum in the field of digital documentation of maritime heritage in Poland. Museum s Professionals closely cooperate with National Institute For Museums And Public Collections and participate in numerous conferences which cover topics of computer-based visualisation for various scientific research. A natural cooperation partner for museum is the Faculty of Ocean Engineering And Ship Technology of the Gdansk University of Technology. Since 2011 mentioned cooperation intensified in the field of computer-based visualisations, mainly due to implementation of two projects ( Polish Maritime Museum Digital Maritime Museum stage 1 and 2) within Long-term Government Programme Kultura+, priority digitization, funded by The Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and one ( Monography: Copper Ship wreck of a medieval ship ) within programme: Cultural Heritage, priority: protection of archaeological objects, co-funded by The Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Mentioned cooperation focuses on support in areas of technology and methodology (e.g. a born digital publication Methodology of 3D arm which is an outcome of the first of mentioned above projects, and is available online at Pomeranian Digital Library or digital reconstruction based on preserved elements of the wreck. Joint participation in projects with Gdansk University of Technology and mutual understanding of the aims of the museum in the field of digital documentation (including computer-based visualizations) as well as of the spectrum of available technologies for industry and cultural heritage, significantly helped to define the technical parameters for this project. Page 35 of the Terms of Reference contains a general description of work procedures: 2. Scanning Scanning should be performed with a calibrated device that provides accuracy of a measurement of 1 point per mm 2 (spatial resolution points). Permissible error shall not exceed 5 mm (measurement uncertainty). 24

26 The whole object is to be scanned, that means from the outside and inside of the hull, which will determine, among other things, plating thickness at any point thereof. Individual files with the output data in the form of point clouds collected during the scan, should be described in accordance with the guidelines set forth in Section 2.1. File Naming. During work contractor must adhere strictly to the recommendations contained in the London Charter (see section 1.3 above). Ad Development of a London Charter Implementation Strategy for every computer-based visualisation of tangible heritage activity. The Product Specification (within Terms of References) contained detailed information about aims and manner of carrying out the documentation process, especially the method and the technology. Pages of the Terms of Reference contains description considering monitoring of the process: 2.1. Daily reports Contractor is obliged to create reports from scanning containing paradata (technical metadata) describing the process of creation of computer-based visualisation. Mentioned above paradata must cover at least: 1. Name of scanner operator 2. Name of scaner 3. Date of last calibration 4. Set measurement accuracy 5. Number of scans made during workday 6. List of file names (according to the names listed in point 2.2) 7. Scanned objects (according to the codes listed in point 2.2) 8. Weather conditions (e.g. sunny, cloudless, cloudy, mostly cloudy, rainy) 9. Average temperature during work of scaner. 25

27 Technical meetings and visits were an additional element of monitoring and implementation, and allowed to improve communication between contracting party and contractor. Support in area of detailed technical knowledge was provided by the Faculty of Ocean Engineering And Ship Technology of the Gdansk University of Technology, which cooperates with National Maritime Museum in Gdansk for many years and which was a partner in the project National Maritime Museum Digital Maritime Museum (stage 2). Ad Dissemination of knowledge about the London Charter and Charter Implementation Guidelines among activity participants who are involved in computerbased visualisation process. Dissemination of knowledge about the London Charter started on the stage of the public procurement as a description in the Terms of Reference, especially in the Product Specification. Page 35 of the Terms of Reference contains a following description: 1.3. The London Charter Published in Polish version in 2010 by the Instytut Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego (Institute of History of Art, University of Wrocław) sets rules for computer-based visualisation methods for cultural heritage (originally: The London Charter for the Computer-based Visualisation of Cultural Heritage, edited by Hugh Denard, King s College London, 7 February Available at It describes crucial aspects, which must be taken into account while starting a computer-based visualisation project of cultural heritage. The document must be carefully studied by bidders during bidding process of public procurement, so they can assess if the offered method allows fulfilling aims described in this document. In case of winning the procurement and performing the contract, contractor must apply Charter rules, among other by keeping a detailed documentation of visualisation process. 26

28 The contractor has been informed about aims and rationale of created documentation and computer-based visualisation during the visit in the Fisheries Museum in Hel, where the boats are on an open air exhibition. Next stage of dissemination of the knowledge has been a technical meeting with the contractor s engineering team. Ad Calculation of costs of implementing scientific methods compliant with principles of the London Charter in relation to the added intellectual, educational or economic value of produced outputs. Cost calculation and later implementation of the project showed no increase in the costs in relation to the implementation of the London Charter, because its goals and objectives were consistent with the objectives of the project, which from the very beginning assumed the creation of added value in the form of a complete technical documentation on the basis of scans and computer-based visualizations. The technical documentation was carried out with scientific methods, which had been guaranteed in the Terms of Reference by requirement specifying that documentation must be prepared by a person possessing appropriate professional qualifications. The outcome of the project in the form of documentation and computer-based visualization is available online for educational and scientific purpose. Ad Computer-based visualisation is not the most appropriate method for all cultural heritage research and dissemination of knowledge about tangible heritage. National Maritime Museum in Gdansk uses various methods of documentation from the 70s of the 20 th century. Since 2009, the primary means of collections documentation is digital photography. It should be noted that in the case of boats exhibited in the museum, the results obtained using photographic methods are insufficient. The main difficulty is the spatial arrangement in which the boats are exhibited. This results in the problem of boats sizes in relation to the maximum distance from which a photograph can be performed. Moreover, in the case where it is possible to achieve an appropriate distance from the object, there is the effect of image 27

29 distortion or/as well as small scale of the object in the photograph. There is also no possibility of using commercially available rotary tables for photographing objects at a few degrees step of rotation, and then with use of software allowing to create 3D imitation from the set of a few dozen of pictures. Probably a shipyard infrastructure would be needed to perform that kind of documentation. Mentioned infrastructure, which by the way is inaccessible for museum, would among other allow to pivot boats and photographically document them from all sides. A completely different method is the use of measurement documentation based on hand drawings and work with measuring instruments. Its disadvantages as timeconsuming and significant human error (in terms of number of measuring points) cause that it cannot be taken into consideration in the context of the scale of the project and the time available for its implementation. In addition, financial calculations suggest the use of modern methods of measurement due to their speed and accuracy, and the possibility of using the generated output data in the future for various purposes, such as 3D prints. There is an additional feature in favour of using the scanning method, namely, ability to document large object from a short distance as well as from long distance and joining the output data in one point cloud. This is a feature outperforming the other methods of documentation. Ad Decision about selecting a method should be proceeded by an assessment of all available methods which could be used to achieve established aims. Museum uses various methods of visual documentation and evaluates others, which were not used so far by it, with a substantive support of the Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology Gdansk University of Technology. Gained experience in already applied methods and observation of global trends in cultural heritage documentation clearly confirmed that the chosen method is currently the most appropriate and the only which provides a projected outcome with use of scientific methods. 28

30 In addition, the currently emerging tools for 3D presentation online (e.g. SmithsonianX3D) indicate that the existing barriers to the dissemination of 3D objects online (including speed and traffic load and other factors affecting the user experience) are overcome. Ad Decision about selecting a method should be based on an evaluation of the likely success of each approach in addressing each aim, especially when a development of a new method is taken to consideration. The likelihood of achievement of the visualization objectives was defined as very large, bearing in mind two factors. Firstly, the chosen method is successfully used in the shipbuilding industry. Secondly, this method is used for the digital documentation of cultural heritage and has been applied successfully in the digital documentation of the branch of NMM the Crane. There was no need to develop or create a new method of computer-based visualization for purpose of this project. Ad In the context of the Charter, research sources are defined as all information, considered during, or directly influencing, the creation of computer-based visualisation outcomes. References (scientific material): photographic documentation publications spoken memories obtained from the fishermen living in Hel and remembering the use of the documented vessels output in the form of point clouds In the case of technical documentation an applicable standards and regulations for the creation of this type of documentation were used. 29

31 Ad Research sources should be used with reference to current understandings within communities of practice. The source material has been used in accordance with the current state of knowledge in the professional environment both for the protection of cultural heritage sector as well as reverse engineering and hull design. Ad Attention should be given to the influence of ideological, historical, social, religious and aesthetic factors. During the process no ideological, historical, social, religious or aesthetic factors influenced the project outcome. Both museum and contractor strived to document actual state and tried to create computer-based visualisation of original appearance based on the output data. Ad Enhancing Practice visualisation activity documented in designed order, so it might be used for enhancing methods and competences. Information about used methods with theirs descriptions is included in this study. Contractor photographically documented the process of data acquisition (point clouds). Museum did not require development and establishment of workflow by contractor. Simplified process is shown in the graph below. 30

32 Ad Enhancing Practice documentation allows comparative analysis and outcome assessment, as well as detection of issues which have been revealed during the process of computer-based visualisation activity. The whole documentation has been created in the same scale and with the use of the same methods, which will allow comparative analysis of documented vessels. The scope of the implementation of computer-based visualization and detection of problems in the process will be a subject of separate studies which will be presented at three conferences: CAA-Norway (in the group: Computer Applications and quantitive methods in Archeology) in Oslo in

33 Condition.2015 Conservation and Digitization Conference in Gdańsk in May 2015 article from the conference will be published in the proceedings in three languages: Polish, English and Norwegian (proceedings will also be available online) XIII Conference of Polish Maritime and River Museology in an article from the conference will be issued in the proceedings. Ad Documentation of Knowledge Claims Clearly indicated purpose of computer-based visualisation for example existing state, an evidence-based restoration, an hypothetical reconstruction, and information about the extent and nature of any factual uncertainty. Page 35 of the Terms of Reference contains a following description specyfying established aims of the project: 1 Introduction Digital documentation of collection of 14 boats in Fisheries Museum in Hel aims to create a complete technical documentation for these vessels for the purposes of: a) conservation i. e. on providing the fullest possible information on the physical parameters, and thus the preservation state of the vessels and providing data to any comparative work, maintenance, including reconstruction; obtained documentation is to ensure museum with the ability to make and exchange a single structural or planking element in the event of damage or irreversible degradation; b) registration i. e. on providing information about the physical and technical parameters of the vessels, for the purpose of inventory and scientific and research work; c) sharing i. e. use of the obtained data to disseminate knowledge about the vessels in society, including by publications in online catalogues, animations, augmented reality, re-use, etc. The use of the term "inventory" in the title of the Terms of Reference is a deliberate action and is intended to indicate the status and purpose of performed digital 32

34 documentation, which must be made in a reliable manner, consistent with reality and best practices in this field, taking into account the parameters specified in the second paragraph. Furthermore, on page 41 of the Terms of Reference it is indicated: h.) Technical calculations Calculations specifying among others hydrostatic data, will be performed on the basis of geometric data. Outcome will be presented in a graphical form (hydrostatic curves) and tabular. Technical calculations have to include at least: - displacement (of hull form) in seawater, - waterplane area, - location of the centre of buoyancy, - change in displacement per unit of immersion, - curve of sectional areas - the Bonjean scale - hull coefficient, - stability, including: metacentric height and the curve of righting moments. Due to the fact that there is a lack of original documentation and blueprints for documented vessels (in the most cases they were built in accordance with the boat building tradition) some data will have to be adopted in theory by the Contractor for the need of calculations. Each time it should be clearly indicated in the documentation that such a parameter was adopted theoretically for the abovementioned needs. Ad Documentation of Research Sources dissemination of research sources and their provenance. Documented boats are available for exploring on permanent exhibition at the Fisheries Museum in Hel (a branch of the National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk). Publications on the topic of the traditional boats are available in bookshops and libraries. The most important are (given in order of publication): 33

35 1. Celarek A., Rybackie łodzie żaglowe z wybrzeży Kaszub, Gdańsk Litwin J., Polskie szkutnictwo ludowe XX wieku, Prace Centralnego Muzeum Morskiego w Gdańsku, Tom X, Gdańsk Celarek A., Kaszubskie łodzie, Gdańsk The output material in the form of a raw point clouds will not be available for wide use in the nearest future. Ad Documentation of Methods in case of interdisciplinary context, documentation should be undertaken in such a way that it identifies different research questions, methods, outcomes and lexica of participating members from diverse subject communities. Differences exist in accordance to the type and purpose of generated 3D models, especially between models required for computer-based visualizations of the current state of objects and models for the technical calculations associated with characteristics of hulls. Therefore, there are two types of models, which has been illustrated herein. Both disciplines - reverse engineering and construction of hulls were conducted in parallel to each other and did not cause a collision or problems either in research or terminology. Ad Documentation of Dependency Relationship dissemination of computerbased visualisation outcomes in such a way that the nature and importance of significant, hypothetical dependency relationships between elements can be clearly identified by users and the reasoning underlying such hypotheses understood. The documentation has been organized in such a way that it allows the understanding of the proposed hypotheses. Furthermore, areas where the interpretation was used, especially in computer-based visualizations, have been described or identified as containing an interpretation (e.g. filling of the exisitng gaps). Thus, the user can easily determine which element is a reflection of reality, and which has been enriched with generated date. 34

36 Page 37 of the the Terms of Reference contains the following statement clarifying areas of interpretation in the context of 3D modeling: 3. 3D Models Models will be developed in the following variants (for each vessel): a) model in the form of a point cloud, consisting of the output data obtained during scanning process; b) full dimensional model without textures, based on the model indicated above (in step a); c) simplified surface model, hermetic, serving as the basis for the calculation of hydrostatic; it is a model in which due to the need of "seal design" (with complemented defects in hull plating to constitute a complete form as close to the time of operation as possible) it is permissible to interpret and model output data in a way that differs from reality; d) full dimensional model without textures, completed with missing elements (clearly marked with a different colour than the output data from the scan), in such a way that the hull forms as coherent whole as possible in compare to the period of operation; it is a model in which it is permissible to interpret and model output data in a way that differs from reality; e) full dimensional model with textures (colour). Ad i Documentation Formats and Standards. Project outputs will be available in two formats: In the case of computer-based visualization it will be published in PDF-3D, although if there is non-commercial or commercial online publishing tool for 3D, which will meet the requirements set by the museum, other formats will be published as well; In the case of geometrics (including isometric), drawings and cross-sections for point clouds, triangle meshes and 3D models with textures, as well as for technical calculations, this publication was created. It contains full documentation of the vessel 35

37 in Polish and English language in PDF format, and has been made available online. This type of publication was created for each of the 14 vessels. The Contracting party strictly defined content layout of publication in the Terms of Reference. Ad. 5. Sustainability (planning and implementation of long-term sustainability). All materials produced by the project, including all output data will be stored in the museum in raw and lossless formats. Museum will endeavor to secure data in the future, including placing them in a national repository for digital collections at the time when such will be put into operation. At present, it seems that the museum will not have sufficient resources in future to perform emulation of applications currently being used for viewing the computerbased visualizations and documentation. In this respect the museum has to rely on commercially available solutions. PDF publications have been printed in several copies for each vessel in order to secure documentation in paper form. One copy of each publication is available in the museum s library. National Maritime Museum in Gdansk aims to share and disseminate documentation through Pomeranian Digital Library. National Maritime Museum in Gdansk aims to share and disseminate information about documentation through Europeana. Ad. 6. Access (the creation and dissemination computer-based visualisation in such a way as to ensure that maximum possible benefits are achieved for the study, understanding, interpretation, preservation and management of cultural heritage). The purpose of sharing is to reach the largest audience in accordance with the museum's mission and with the objectives of the Long-term Government Programme Kultura+. An important objective is to balance the differences in access to culture arising from the place of residence. 36

38 The generated documentation takes into account the cognitive benefits because it creates an opportunity to analyze changes in vessels over time (after re-scanning the boats in a few year time it will be possible to refer to the reference data from current project and to analyze undergone changes). Documentation made available online will be available from all the places where there is access to the Internet. Entry of the key terms into metadata description of the webpage will increase search efficiency of the content, and preparation of the English version will facilitate the reception of it. 37

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