A shared vision for long-term cooperative action, including a long-term global goal for emission
reductions, to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions and
principles of the Convention, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities
and respective capabilities, and taking into account social and economic conditions and other relevant
factors

Measurable, reportable and verifiable nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions,
including quantified emission limitation and reduction objectives, by all developed country Parties,
while ensuring the comparability of efforts among them, taking into account differences in their
national circumstances

Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable
development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable,
reportable and verifiable manner

Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation
and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of
forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries;

Various approaches, including opportunities for using markets, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of,
and to promote, mitigation actions, bearing in mind different circumstances of developed and developing
countries;