HealthSheets™

Atelectasis

Atelectasis is the collapse of one or more sections, or lobes, of the lungs. When you breathe in, the lungs normally expand to fill with air. With atelectasis, a blockage in or pressure in the area around the lung (pleura) keeps the lung from expanding.

What causes atelectasis?

Atelectasis is caused by a blocked airway, or from pressure from outside the lung. Some causes include:

An object or tumor in an airway

Mucus blocking an airway

Certain lung diseases, including infections

Fluid or air buildup in the space around the lung (pleura)

What are the symptoms of atelectasis?

The symptoms include:

Difficulty breathing

Pain in the chest

How is atelectasis diagnosed?

You may have one or more of the following tests:

Lab tests to check the level of oxygen and other gases in the blood.

Chest X-rays create images of the lungs.

CT scans create detailed pictures of the lungs.

Bronchoscopy allows the healthcare provider to see inside the airways using a bronchoscope.

How is atelectasis treated?

Treating the underlying cause often allows the lung to re-expand. Pneumonia (a serious lung infection) often occurs when the lung collapses. In order to help the lung tissue re-expand and prevent pneumonia, the following treatments may be prescribed:

Chest percussion to loosen mucus and help prevent pneumonia. It involves clapping on the chest with a cupped hand.

Postural drainage to help drain mucus from the lungs. It requires lying in certain positions for a given amount of time.

Deep breathing exercises to help expand the lungs and clear mucus. They also help prevent pneumonia.

Incentive spirometry to encourage deep breathing

Inhaled medicines to open up the airway. If infection is present, antibiotics may also be given.

Bronchoscopy to remove secretions or foreign objects that may be causing the blockage.

When to call the healthcare provider

Call your healthcare provider, or 911 for severe symptoms, if you have any of these:

A bluish color to the skin

Fever of 100.4° (38°C) or higher, or as directed by your healthcare provider