Goals: Cassini used Earth's gravity to speed its journey to Saturn. During the Earth-moon system flybys, scientists used the opportunity to calibrate Cassini's cameras and instruments on the Moon, a familiar science target.

Accomplishments: Lunar data from Cassini's instruments captured in 1999 were used in 2009 to confirm Chandrayaan-1's discovery of water molecules on the Moon. Data from comet-chasing Deep Impact-EPOXI lunar observations also helped confirm the important discovery.