1.
1919 in rail transport
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This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1919. March 5 – Rebuilt Helsinki Central railway station officially opened, april 12 – Ryutaro Nomura succeeds Simbei Kunisawa for a second term as president of South Manchuria Railway. May 28 – Official inauguration of electrified railways in Melbourne, Australia, with first train from Flinders Street station to Sandringham. September 27–October 6 – Railway workers in the United Kingdom stage a strike, october 17 – Madrid Metro opens. November 15 – The golden spike is driven and construction of the San Diego, december 1 The first passenger train of the San Diego & Arizona Railway arrives in San Diego from El Centro, California, for the official line opening ceremony. The Canadian Railway War Board is reorganized as the Railway Association of Canada, december 3 – The Quebec Bridge, operated by Canadian National Railways, opens to rail traffic after almost two decades of construction. It is 987 meters long, incorporating the longest cantilever span in the world at 549 meters. December 20 – A collision on the International Railway of Maine killed 23 people, ralph Budd becomes president of the Great Northern Railway and becomes the youngest president of any American railroad to date. The Federal Trade Commission orders Armour & Co. to sell its subsidiary, Fruit Growers Express. Jewett Car Company, a Newark, Ohio, producer of cars and trolleys. April 24 - Zhan Tianyou, Chief Engineer responsible for construction of the Imperial Peking-Kalgan Railway, august 3 - Samuel W. Fordyce, president of St. Louis, Arkansas and Texas Railway 1886-1889, St. Louis Southwestern Railway 1890-1898, Kansas City Southern Railway 1900. August 11 - Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate and owner of Pittsburgh Locomotive, october 10 - Anatole Mallet, inventor of the Mallet locomotive type

2.
Rail transport
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Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks. It is also referred to as train transport. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a flat surface. Tracks usually consist of rails, installed on ties and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels. Other variations are possible, such as slab track, where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface. Rolling stock in a transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than road vehicles, so passenger. The operation is carried out by a company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway system or produce their own power. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system, Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport. The oldest, man-hauled railways date back to the 6th century BC, with Periander, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, Rail transport blossomed after the British development of the steam locomotive as a viable source of power in the 19th centuries. With steam engines, one could construct mainline railways, which were a key component of the Industrial Revolution, also, railways reduced the costs of shipping, and allowed for fewer lost goods, compared with water transport, which faced occasional sinking of ships. The change from canals to railways allowed for markets in which prices varied very little from city to city. In the 1880s, electrified trains were introduced, and also the first tramways, starting during the 1940s, the non-electrified railways in most countries had their steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, with the process being almost complete by 2000. During the 1960s, electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan, other forms of guided ground transport outside the traditional railway definitions, such as monorail or maglev, have been tried but have seen limited use. The history of the growth, decline and restoration to use of transport can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used. The earliest evidence of a railway was a 6-kilometre Diolkos wagonway, trucks pushed by slaves ran in grooves in limestone, which provided the track element. The Diolkos operated for over 600 years, Railways began reappearing in Europe after the Dark Ages. The earliest known record of a railway in Europe from this period is a window in the Minster of Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany

3.
Groundbreaking
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Such ceremonies are often attended by dignitaries such as politicians and businessmen. The actual shovel or spade used during the actual groundbreaking is often a special ceremonial shovel meant to be saved for subsequent display, commemorative information may be subsequently engraved on the shovel. In some places, clergy may also provide blessings, particularly if the building is being constructed by a church or religious-affiliated organization. The term groundbreaking, when used as an adjective, may mean being or making something that has never been done, seen, or made before, builders rites Topping out Cornerstone Publicity stunt Ribbon cutting ceremony Media related to Ground-breaking ceremonies at Wikimedia Commons

4.
Cincinnati Subway
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The Cincinnati Subway is a set of incomplete, derelict tunnels and stations for a rapid transit system beneath the streets of Cincinnati, Ohio. It is recognized as the largest abandoned subway system in the United States. In 1928, the construction of the system in Cincinnati was indefinitely canceled. To date, there are no plans to revive the project. Rapid transit was seen as the solution for downtown congestion during the first quarter of the 20th century, six million dollars were allocated for the project, but construction was delayed due to World War I. Unexpected post-war inflation doubled the cost of construction, so the project could not be finished at the estimated price. Various attempts to use the tunnels for mass transit have been unsuccessful. Political squabbling, the Great Depression, World War II, today, many Cincinnatians are unaware of the tunnels underneath them. From 1825 to 1920 the Miami and Erie Canal divided Cincinnatis residential neighborhood of Over-the-Rhine from the district of downtown. The canal became unprofitable by 1856 and was abandoned by the city in 1877, on September 15,1883 a weekly Cincinnati magazine called The Graphic proposed that the dead old ditch be used to provide an unobstructed route for a subway system, with a large boulevard above. In 1888, Cincinnati began adopting electric streetcars, which became the main form of public transportation. During this period Cincinnati was one of the seven most populous US citiesand had a rate of growth and economic importance that was similar to that of New York City and Chicago. The slow streetcars shared the streets with horse-drawn carriages and people. It was not unusual for trips between downtown and the suburbs to take 45 minutes to an hour. Despite having 222 miles of tracks, the city found itself in a growing traffic nightmare. In 1910, Henry Thomas Hunt spearheaded plans for a new transit system. The next year City Council convinced the Ohio State Legislature to lease the citys portion of the canal for use as a boulevard, the city hired experts that worked on Bostons and Chicagos rapid transit systems to research the best possible implementation for Cincinnatis rapid transit system. The result were four Schemes, or proposed routes, the chosen plan, Scheme IV, modification H, looped around the city hitting the central suburbs of St. Bernard and Norwood, the eastern suburbs of Oakley and Hyde Park, and then returned into downtown

5.
United States Railroad Administration
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The United States Railroad Administration was the name of the nationalized railroad system of the United States between 1917 and 1920. It was possibly the largest American experiment with nationalization, and was undertaken against a background of war emergency, on April 4,1917, the United States entered World War I, and very soon the nations railroads proved inadequate to the task of serving the war effort. There were several sources of the problem, although the carriers had made massive investments in the first years of the 20th century, there remained inadequacies in terminals, trackage, and rolling stock. The ICC did allow some increases in rates, however, also, investors had overexpanded the nations trackage, so by late 1915 fully one-sixth of the railroad trackage in the country belonged to roads in receivership. The railroad unions, desiring shorter working days and better pay, to avert a strike, President Woodrow Wilson secured Congressional passage of the Adamson Act, which set the eight-hour work day as the industry standard. When the Supreme Court ruled the law constitutional, the carriers had no choice, the railroads attempted to coordinate their efforts to support the war by creating the Railroads War Board, but private action ran into anti-trust and other regulatory barriers. Observers noted, for example, that sometimes competitive practices prevailed that were not in the best interests of efficient mobilization, also, government departments sought priority for shipment made on their behalf, and congestion in freight yards, terminals, and port facilities became staggering. Finally, in December 1917 the ICC recommended federal control of the industry to ensure efficient operation. President Wilson issued an order for nationalization on December 26,1917, the railroads were organized into three divisions, East, West, and South. Duplicate passenger services were eliminated, while costly and employee-heavy sleeping car services were cut back, uniform passenger ticketing was instituted, and competing services on different former railroads were cut back. Terminals, facilities, and shops were shared, before the new USRA standard locomotive types were built and released, locomotives that builders had on hand were issued to various railroads. 2-8-0 Consolidation locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for transport, then 2-10-0 Decapod locomotives built for Imperial Russia by both ALCO and Baldwin, but stranded in the US by the Russian Revolution of 1917, were also made available to the railroads. On March 21,1918 the Railway Administration Act became law, Wilson appointed his son-in-law, Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo, as Director General of the newly formed USRA. It also guaranteed compensation for the use of their assets at the operational income of the railroads in the three years previous to nationalization. This act laid down in concrete that the nationalization would be only a measure, before. With the Armistice in November 1918, McAdoo resigned from his post, there was support among labor unions for continuing the nationalization of the railroads after the war. However, this position was not supported by Wilson nor the public generally, congress passed the Esch-Cummins Act in February 1920, which substantially increased the ICCs powers over the railroads, and the USRAs authority ended on March 1,1920. The ICC was given powers to approve or reject railroad mergers, to set rates, to approve or reject abandonments of service, the government also made financial guarantees to the railroads after control was handed back to them, to ensure their financial survival after the restoration of control

6.
Fruit Growers Express
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Fruit Growers Express was a railroad refrigerator car leasing company that began as a produce-hauling subsidiary of Armour and Companys private refrigerator car line. Its customers complained they were overcharged, in 1919 the Federal Trade Commission ordered the companys sale for anti-trust reasons. The company is now controlled by the CSX Corporation, by years end, the Chicago and Eastern Illinois, New Haven, and Norfolk and Western railroads became major stockholders. By 1926, FGE had expanded its service into the Pacific Northwest and the Midwest through the WFE and that same year, FGE purchased 2,676 36-foot-long reefers from the Pennsylvania Railroad. In February,1928 FGE formed the National Car Company as a subsidiary to service the meat transportation market, customers included Kahns, Oscar Mayer, and Rath Packing. San Marino, CA, Golden West Books, the American Railroad Freight Car, From the Wood-Car Era to the Coming of Steel. Fruit Growers Express Company #56415 — photos and short history of an example of the wooden ice-type reefers used in the first half of the 20th century for shipping produce

7.
Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen
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The company was founded in 1920 as the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen, and changed its name to German National Railway on 27 June 1921. DR was founded when the Weimar Republic, formally known as Deutsches Reich, took control of the German railways. In 1924 it was reorganised under the aegis of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft, a private railway company. In 1937 the railway was reorganised again as a state authority, after the Anschluss in 1938 the DR also took over the Bundesbahn Österreich. The East and West German states were founded in 1949, East Germany took over the control of the DR on its territory and continued to use the traditional name Deutsche Reichsbahn, while the railway in West Germany became the Deutsche Bundesbahn. The Austrian Österreichische Bundesbahnen was founded in 1945, and was given its present name in 1947, after the end of the First World War this national imperial railway was taken back by France. A similar attempt failed in 1875 as a result of opposition from the middle powers when Albert von Maybach presented a draft Reich Railway Act to the Bundesrat. In the wake of the stipulations of the Weimar Constitution of 11 August 1919 the state treaty on the foundation of the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen came into force on 1 April 1920. This resulted in the merger of the state railways of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Württemberg, Baden. Following the plans publication, on 12 February 1924 the Reich government announced the creation of the Deutsche Reichsbahn as an enterprise under the Reich Ministry of Transport. The aim was to earn profits which, in accordance with the Dawes Plan, were to be used to contribute to Germanys war reparations and these terms were later amended in the Young Plan. Nevertheless, the Great Depression and the payment of war reparations put a considerable strain on the Reichsbahn. Not until the Lausanne Conference of 1932 was the Reichsbahn released from its financial obligations, in total, about 3.87 billion Goldmarks was paid in reparations to the Allied powers. The stock already in use had been inherited from the state railways and comprised a great number of designs. In fact, the DRG was unable to procure new stock in the numbers it wanted to both for reasons and due to delays in upgrading the lines to carry higher axle loads. The locomotive classes taken over from the old railways, especially those from the Prussia. They included, for example, the Prussian P8, Prussian P10, Prussian G12, the Bavarian S 3/6 express locomotive even continued in production until 1930. Not until the procurement programme for the wartime Kriegslokomotiven were new locomotives built in large numbers

8.
Japanese Government Railways
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The Japanese Government Railways was the national railway system directly operated by the central government of Japan until 1949. It is a predecessor of Japanese National Railways and the Japan Railways Group, the English name Japanese Government Railways was what the Ministry of Railways of Japan used to call its own Ministry Lines and sometimes the ministry itself as a railway operator. Other English names for the government railways include Imperial Japanese Government Railways and Imperial Government Railways and this article however covers the railways operated by the central government of Japan from 1872 to 1949 notwithstanding the official English name of the system of each era. By the end of World War II in 1945, the Japanese Government Railways operated on the main Japanese islands of Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū, Shikoku, the railways in Taiwan and Korea were operated by the local Governor-General Offices and were not part of JGR. While the JGR was the major operator of intercity railways after the railway nationalization in 1906-07. The gauge of the railway was 1,067 mm with minor exceptions of 762 mm gauge lines, the first railway in Japan was operated by the imperial government in 1872. Early shareholders of the railway were members of the nobility, holding the major portion of capital, the governmental system was largely expanded by the promulgation of the Railway Nationalization Act in 1906. In 1920, the Ministry of Railways was established, in 1949, JGR was reorganized to become a state-owned public corporation named the Japanese National Railways. e. The table below shows the operators of the JGR. Translated names of ministries may not be official, names of the operating department generally mean department of railways or like. Since opening in 1872, the railway set fares for passengers in three classes, the transportation of freight was charged based on weight and class of goods. In 1872, passengers could choose from Upper, Middle and Lower classes, freight was shipped using one of five rates based on 100 kin of product. A1923 review of the shipping tariffs further explained that goods are divided into three shipping classes, koguchi atsukai, kashikini atsukai and tokushu atsukai and it was also possible to ship them via futsubin and kyukobin. It may, therefore, be said that the freight rates of the State-owned railways in Japan are of absolute uniformity. As Japan is a nation, it was noted that ocean-going vessels are a major source of competition for the freight business of the railway. The government mandated the use of automatic couplers on all cars on the system in July 1925, the system was transitioning from vacuum brakes to air brakes at this time, with most freight cars equipped with air brakes by April 1927. One of the roles of the Japanese Government Railways was to foreign tourists to Japan. In 1930, the government created the Board of Tourist Industry as a section of the Japanese Government Railways, the Board printed and distributed picture posters and English guidebooks overseas and encouraged development of resort hotels at home

9.
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
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The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is one of the oldest railroads in the United States and the first common carrier railroad. At first this railroad was located entirely in the state of Maryland with a line from the port of Baltimore west to Sandy Hook. At this point to continue westward, it had to cross into Virginia over the Potomac River, adjacent to the confluence of the Potomac, from there it was extended to the Ohio River at Wheeling and a few years later also to Parkersburg, West Virginia. It is now part of the CSX Transportation network, and includes the oldest operational railroad bridge in the USA, the B&O also included the Leiper Railroad, the first permanent horse-drawn railroad in the U. S. In later years, B&O advertising carried the motto, Linking 13 Great States with the Nation, the B&O Warehouse at the Camden Yards rail junction in Baltimore now dominates the view over the right-field wall at the Baltimore Orioles current home, Oriole Park at Camden Yards. At the end of 1970 B&O operated 5552 miles of road and 10449 miles of track, not including the Staten Island Rapid Transit or the Reading and its subsidiaries. The fast-growing port city of Baltimore, Maryland faced economic stagnation unless it opened routes to the western states, as New York had done with the Erie Canal in 1820. In 1827, twenty-five merchants and bankers studied the best means of restoring that portion of the Western trade which has recently been diverted from it by the introduction of steam navigation and their answer was to build a railroad—one of the first commercial lines in the world. Two men — Philip E. Thomas and George Brown — were the pioneers of the railroad and they spent the year 1826 investigating railway enterprises in England, which were at that time being tested in a comprehensive fashion as commercial ventures. Their investigation completed, they held a meeting on February 12,1827, including about twenty-five citizens. Thomas was elected as the first president and Brown the treasurer, the capital of the proposed company was fixed at five million dollars, but the B&O was initially capitalized in 1827 with a three million dollar issue of stock. Virtually every citizen of Baltimore owned a share, as the offering was oversubscribed, construction began on July 4,1828, when Charles Carroll of Carrollton did the groundbreaking. The initial tracks were built with granite stringers topped by iron rails. The first section, from Baltimore west to Ellicotts Mills, opened on May 24,1830. Developers decided to follow the Patapsco River to a point near Parrs Ridge, a later compromise allowed the two companies to share the right of way. The State of Maryland granted the B&O a charter to build a line from Baltimore to Washington, D. C. in 1831, and the Washington Branch was opened in 1835. This line joined to the mainline at Relay, Maryland, crossing the Patapsco on the Thomas Viaduct. This line was funded by the state, and was operated separately until the 1870s

10.
Fort Street Union Depot
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The Fort Street Union Depot was a passenger train station located at the southwest corner of West Fort Street and Third Street in downtown Detroit, Michigan. It served the city from 1893 to 1971, today, the downtown campus of Wayne County Community College occupies the site. The union station began construction in 1891 and opened to the public January 21,1893, the station was extensively renovated in 1946, adding a restaurant, fluorescent lighting, a baggage room, train gates and other updated amenities. Urban renewal in the 1950s saw the construction of Cobo Hall to the south of the station, however, due to dwindling ridership, the station closed April 30,1971, and despite the attempts of preservationists to repurpose the building, was demolished in January 1974. The depot was built in the Romanesque Revival architectural style by architect James Stewart, the depot was described by architectural critics as monumental and gutsy, and of being in a solid, aggressive style. W. Hawkins Ferry, in his The Buildings of Detroit, ross and Carlin mention it proudly as an ornament to the city in their Landmarks of Detroit, published before the turn of the century. Several named passenger trains departed from the station, many were long-distance flagship trains of their respective railroads, a contemporary description read, The station is used by the trains of the Pennsylvania, the Pere Marquette and the Wabash. Parts of the structure are housed at the B&O Railroad Museum in Baltimore, several large pieces from the station have been saved in a warehouse in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Brush Street Station Michigan Central Station Historic Detroit, Article on the terminal, including photo

11.
Train
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A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of vehicles that usually runs along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers. Motive power is provided by a locomotive or individual motors in self-propelled multiple units. Although historically steam propulsion dominated, the most common forms are diesel and electric locomotives. Other energy sources include horses, engine or water-driven rope or wire winch, gravity, pneumatics, batteries, the word train comes from the Old French trahiner, from the Latin trahere pull, draw. There are various types of trains that are designed for particular purposes, a train may consist of a combination of one or more locomotives and attached railroad cars, or a self-propelled multiple unit. The first trains were rope-hauled, gravity powered or pulled by horses, from the early 19th century almost all were powered by steam locomotives. A passenger train is one which includes passenger-carrying vehicles which can often be very long, one notable and growing long-distance train category is high-speed rail. In order to much faster operation over 500 km/h, innovative Maglev technology has been researched for years. In most countries, such as the United Kingdom, the distinction between a tramway and a railway is precise and defined in law, a freight train uses freight cars to transport goods or materials. Freight and passengers may be carried in the train in a mixed consist. Rail cars and machinery used for maintenance and repair of tracks, etc. are termed maintenance of way equipment, similarly, dedicated trains may be used to provide support services to stations along a train line, such as garbage or revenue collection. There are various types of trains that are designed for particular purposes, a train can consist of a combination of one or more locomotives and attached railroad cars, or a self-propelled multiple unit. Trains can also be hauled by horses, pulled by a cable, special kinds of trains running on corresponding special railways are atmospheric railways, monorails, high-speed railways, maglev, rubber-tired underground, funicular and cog railways. A passenger train may consist of one or several locomotives and coaches, alternatively, a train may consist entirely of passenger carrying coaches, some or all of which are powered as a multiple unit. In many parts of the world, particularly the Far East and Europe, freight trains are composed of wagons or trucks rather than carriages, though some parcel and mail trains are outwardly more like passenger trains. Trains can also be mixed, comprising both passenger accommodation and freight vehicles, special trains are also used for track maintenance, in some places, this is called maintenance of way. A train with a locomotive attached at each end is described as top and tailed, where a second locomotive is attached temporarily to assist a train up steep banks or grades it is referred to as banking in the UK, or helper service in North America. Recently, many loaded trains in the United States have been made up one or more locomotives in the middle or at the rear of the train

12.
London and North Western Railway
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The London and North Western Railway was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922. In the late 19th century the L&NWR was the largest joint stock company in the world, the company was formed on 16 July 1846 by the amalgamation of the Grand Junction Railway, London and Birmingham Railway and the Manchester and Birmingham Railway. This move was prompted in part by the Great Western Railways plans for a railway north from Oxford to Birmingham, the company initially had a network of approximately 350 miles, connecting London with Birmingham, Crewe, Chester, Liverpool and Manchester. The headquarters were at Euston railway station, as traffic increased it was greatly expanded with the opening in 1849 of the Great Hall, designed by Philip Charles Hardwick in classical style. It was 126 ft long,61 ft wide and 64 ft high, the station stood on Drummond Street. Further expansion resulted in two platforms in the 1870s, and four more in the 1890s, bringing the total to 15. The LNWR described itself as the Premier Line, as the largest joint stock company in the United Kingdom, it collected a greater revenue than any other railway company of its era. With the Grand Union Railway acquisition of the North Union Railway in 1846, in 1858 they merged with the Chester and Holyhead Railway and became responsible for the lucrative Irish Mail trains via the North Wales Main Line to Holyhead and handled the Irish Mail. On 1 February 1859 the company launched the limited mail service, the Postmaster General was always willing to allow a fourth coach provided the increased weight did not cause time to be lost in running. The train was timed to leave Euston at 20.30 and operated until the GPO instituted its own post train, wholly of Post Office vehicles, on 1 October 1873 the first sleeping carriage ran between Euston and Glasgow, attached to the limited mail. It ran three nights a week in each direction, on 1 February 1874 a second carriage was provided and the service ran every night. In 1860 the company pioneered the use of the water trough designed by John Ramsbottom and it was introduced on a section of level track at Mochdre, between Llandudno Junction and Colwyn Bay. At the core of the LNWR system was the main line network connecting London Euston with the cities of Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester. This route is known as the West Coast Main Line. The LNWR also had a line connecting Liverpool and Manchester with Leeds. At its peak just before World War I, it ran a route mileage of more than 1,500 miles, in 1913 the company achieved a total revenue of £17,219,060 with working expenses of £11,322,164. With this, the LNWR achieved a route mileage of 2,707.88 miles, the LNWR became a constituent of the London, Midland and Scottish railway when the railways of Great Britain were merged in the grouping of 1923. Ex-LNWR lines formed the core of the LMSs Western Division, nationalisation followed in 1948, with the English and Welsh lines of the LMS becoming the London Midland Region of British Railways

13.
State Railway of Thailand
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The State Railway of Thailand is the state-owned rail operator in Thailand. The network serves around 44 million passengers per year, the SRT was founded as the Royal State Railways of Siam in 1890. King Chulalongkorn ordered the Department of Railways to be set up under the Department of Public Works and Town, construction of the Bangkok-Ayutthaya railway, the first part of the Northern Line, was started in 1890 and inaugurated on 26 March 1896. The Thonburi-Phetchaburi line, later the Southern Line, was opened on 19 June 1903, on 1 July 1951, RSR changed its name to the present State Railway of Thailand. As of 2014 SRT had 4,043 km of track, nearly all is single-track, although some important sections around Bangkok are double or triple-tracked and there are plans to extend this. By comparison, Thailand has 390,000 km of highways, the SRT has long been popularly perceived by the public as inefficient and resistant to change. Trains are usually late, and most of its equipment is old, the worst financially performing state enterprise, the SRT consistently operates at a loss despite being endowed with large amounts of property and receiving large government budgets. It reported a loss of 7.58 billion baht in 2010. Recurring government attempts at restructuring and/or privatization throughout the 2000s have always strongly opposed by the union and have not made any progress. SRTs failings are reflected in passenger numbers, which have dropped from 88 million in 1994 to 44 million in 2014, SRT aims to boost its share of cargo transport to six percent with its double track expansion by 2022. Expansion of SRTs freight service, which could earn more money than the heavily subsidized passenger service, has neglected for decades in favour of Thailands roads. Due to SRTs poor financial performance and resistance to reform, there has been a government freeze on SRT staff recruitment for years, SRT officials estimate that the group needs to boost staff by 20 percent to 12,000, with IT staff recruited to overhaul information technology systems. In 2017 the military government has budgeted more than 76 billion baht for SRT infrastructure investments, the funding is to be used for double-track rail expansions, an extension of Bangkoks elevated railway, and construction of bridges, fences, and track improvements. In the fiscal year ending 30 September 2016, however, the SRT had managed to disburse only 53 percent of its investment budget of 60 billion baht. This compares with an average disbursement rate of 80 percent by Thailands 55 state-owned enterprises, disbursement rate is seen as an indicator of efficient management. Tickets may be purchased on-line starting 1 February 2017, tickets may be purchased from 60 days in advance to two hours before departure. The SRT operates all of Thailands national rail lines, Bangkok Railway Station is the main terminus of all routes. Phahonyothin and ICD Ladkrabang are the freight terminals

14.
Southern Pacific Transportation Company
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The Southern Pacific Transportation Company, earlier Southern Pacific Railroad and Southern Pacific Company, and usually called the Southern Pacific or Espee, was an American Class I railroad. It was absorbed in 1988 by the company controlled the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. The railroad was founded as a holding company in 1865. By 1900 the Southern Pacific Company was a railroad system incorporating many smaller companies, such as the Texas and New Orleans Railroad and Morgans Louisiana. It extended from New Orleans through Texas to El Paso, across New Mexico and through Tucson, to Los Angeles, through most of California, including San Francisco, Central Pacific lines extended east across Nevada to Ogden, Utah, and reached north through Oregon to Portland. By the 1980s route mileage had dropped to 10,423 miles, in 1988 the Southern Pacific was taken over by D&RGW parent Rio Grande Industries. The combined railroad kept the Southern Pacific name due to its recognition in the railroad industry. Along with the addition of the SPCSL Corporation route from Chicago to St. Louis, by 1996 years of financial problems had dropped SPs mileage to 13,715 miles, and it was taken over by the Union Pacific Railroad. Southern Pacific founded important hospitals in San Francisco, Tucson, in the 1970s, it also founded a telecommunications network with a state-of-the-art microwave and fiber optic backbone. This evolved into Sprint, a company name that came from the acronym for Southern Pacific Railroad Internal Networking Telephony. The original aim was to construct a railroad from Galveston Bay to a point on the Red River near a trading post known as Coffees Station, the GRR built 2 miles of track in Houston in 1855. Track laying began in earnest in 1856 and on 1 September 1856 GRR was renamed the Houston and Texas Central Railway. SP acquired H&TC in 1883 but it continued to operate as a subsidiary under its own management until 1927, when it was leased to another SP-owned railroad, the Texas and New Orleans Railroad. The Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway, was chartered in Texas on 11 February 1850 by a group that included General Sidney Sherman, bBB&C was the first railroad to commence operation in Texas and the first component of SP to commence operation. Surveying of the route alignment commenced at Harrisburg, Texas in 1851, the first 20 miles of track opened in August 1853. SP was founded in San Francisco, California in 1865 by a group of businessmen led by Timothy Phelps with the aim of building a connection between San Francisco and San Diego, California. The company was purchased in September 1868 by a group of known as the Big Four, Charles Crocker, Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins. The Big Four had, in 1861, created the Central Pacific Railroad, CPRR was merged into SP in 1870

15.
India
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India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety

16.
Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad
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The Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad, also known as the South Shore Line, is a Class III freight railroad operating between Chicago, Illinois, and South Bend, Indiana. The railroad serves as a link between Class I railroads and local industries in northeast Illinois and northwest Indiana and it built the South Shore Line electric interurban and operated it until 1990, when it transferred it to the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District. The railroad is owned by the Anacostia Rail Holdings Company, the South Shore began in 1901 as the Chicago and Indiana Air Line Railway, a streetcar route between East Chicago and Indiana Harbor. Reorganized as the Chicago, Lake Shore and South Bend Railway in 1904, by 1908 its route had reached South Bend, Indiana via Michigan City, the company leased the Kensington and Eastern Railroad, an Illinois Central Railroad subsidiary, to gain access to Chicago. Passenger service between South Bend and Chicago began in 1909, the Lake Shore added freight service in 1916. Samuel Insull acquired the bankrupt Lake Shore in 1925 and reorganized it as the Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad, the railroad experienced two more bankruptcies, in 1933 and 1938. The post-World War II decline in traffic hurt the company, and it was bought by the Chesapeake, in 1977 the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District began subsidizing the passenger operations on the South Shore Line. In 1984 the Venango River Corporation purchased the South Shore from the C&O. Venango declared bankruptcy in 1989, in 1990 the Anacostia and Pacific Company acquired the South Shore. The NICTD purchased the passenger assets, the South Shore acquired the Kensington and Eastern Railroad from the Illinois Central Railroad in 1996. The Surface Transportation Board classes the South Shore as a Class III railroad, the railroad operates diesel locomotives on the whole line. Via trackage rights it connects to other railroads in the Chicago area, with connections to the Port of Chicago, Proviso Yard. The railroads primary businesses are coal and steel, the coal delivered to the Michigan City and it also serves many online customers along the line. South Shore Line Middleton, William D. Insulls Super-Interurban, in Cohen, Ronald D. McShane, Stephen G. Moonlight in Duneland, The Illustrated Story of the Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad. Along the Chicago South Shore & South Bend Rail Line, Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad Official Site Anacostia Rail Holding -- Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad Webpage

17.
William Kissam Vanderbilt
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William Kissam Vanderbilt I was an American heir, businessman, philanthropist and horsebreeder. Born into the Vanderbilt family, he managed his family railroad investments, William Kissam Vanderbilt I was born on December 12,1849. His father was William Henry Vanderbilt and his paternal grandfather was Cornelius Vanderbilt. He managed his family railroad investments, in 1879, after taking over P. T. Barnums Great Roman Hippodrome which was on railroad property by Madison Square Park, he renamed the facility Madison Square Garden. Vanderbilt was one of the founders of The Jockey Club and he was a shareholder and president of the Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Brooklyn, New York and the owner of a successful racing stable. In 1896, he built the American Horse Exchange at 50th Street, in 1911 he leased it the Shubert Organization who then transformed it into the Winter Garden Theatre. Among the horses he owned was the U. S, racing Hall of Fame filly Maskette, purchased from Castleton Farm in Lexington, Kentucky for broodmare services at his French breeding farm. She was born in 1853, in Mobile, Alabama, to Murray Forbes Smith, a commission merchant, Consuelo Vanderbilt was born on March 2,1877, followed by William Kissam Vanderbilt II on March 2,1878, and Harold Stirling Vanderbilt on July 6,1884. Alva later coerced Consuelo into marrying Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough on November 6,1895, alva divorced Vanderbilt in March 1895, at a time when divorce was rare among the elite, and received a large financial settlement reported to be in excess of $10 million. The grounds for divorce were allegations of Vanderbilts adultery, alva remarried to one of their old family friends, Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont, on January 11,1896. In 1903, Vanderbilt married Anne Harriman, daughter of banker Oliver Harriman and she was a widow to sportsman Samuel Stevens Sands and to Lewis Morris Rutherfurd, Jr. son of the astronomer Lewis Morris Rutherfurd. Her second husband died in Switzerland in 1901 and she had two sons by her first marriage and two daughters by her second marriage. She had no children by Vanderbilt, like other Vanderbilts, he built magnificent houses. His residences included Idle Hour on Long Island and Marble House, designed by Richard Morris Hunt, in Newport, Hunt also designed Vanderbilts 660 Fifth Avenue mansion. Vanderbilt was a co-owner of the yacht Defender, which won the 1895 Americas Cup, Vanderbilt was a founder and president of the New Theatre. He was also a member of the Jekyll Island Club aka The Millionaires Club, Vanderbilt made significant charitable contributions to Vanderbilt University, a private university in Nashville, Tennessee named for his grandfather. Vanderbilt died in Paris, France on July 22,1920 and his remains were brought home and interred in the Vanderbilt family vault in the Moravian Cemetery in New Dorp, Staten Island, New York. Vanderbilts portrait, painted by F. W. Wright from a painting by Richard Hall between 1911 and 1921, was donated to Vanderbilt University in 1921, it is hung in Kirkland Hall

18.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
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Cornelius Vanderbilt, also known informally as Commodore Vanderbilt, was an American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. He is best known for building the New York Central Railroad, as one of the richest Americans in history and wealthiest figures overall, Vanderbilt was the patriarch of a wealthy, influential family. He provided the gift to found Vanderbilt University in Nashville. According to historian H. Roger Grant, Contemporaries, too, while Vanderbilt could be a rascal, combative and cunning, he was much more a builder than a wrecker. The Dutch van der was eventually added to Aertsons village name to van der Bilt. This was eventually condensed to Vanderbilt, Cornelius Vanderbilt was born in Staten Island, New York on May 27,1794 to Cornelius van Derbilt and Phebe Hand. He began working on his fathers ferry in New York Harbor as a boy, at the age of 16, Vanderbilt decided to start his own ferry service. According to one version of events, he borrowed $100 from his mother to purchase a periauger, however, according to the first account of his life, published in 1853, the periauger belonged to his father and the younger Vanderbilt received half the profit. He began his business by ferrying freight and passengers between Staten Island and Manhattan, such was his energy and eagerness in his trade that other captains nearby took to calling him The Commodore in jest - a nickname that stuck with him all his life. While many Vanderbilt family members had joined the Episcopal Church, Cornelius Vanderbilt remained a member of the Moravian Church to his death, in fact, he, along with other members of the Vanderbilt family, helped erect a local Moravian parish church in his city. On December 19,1813, at age 19 Vanderbilt married his first cousin, Sophia Johnson, daughter of Nathaniel Johnson and they moved into a boarding house on Broad Street in Manhattan. But on November 24,1817, an entrepreneur named Thomas Gibbons asked Vanderbilt to captain his steamboat between New Jersey and New York. Although Vanderbilt kept his own businesses running, he became Gibbonss business manager, though both Livingston and Fulton had died by the time Vanderbilt started working for Gibbons, the monopoly was held by Livingstons heirs. They had granted a license to Aaron Ogden to run a ferry between New York and New Jersey, Gibbons launched his steamboat venture because of a personal dispute with Ogden, whom he hoped to drive into bankruptcy. To accomplish this, he undercut prices and also brought a legal case – Gibbons v. Ogden – to the United States Supreme Court to overturn the monopoly. Working for Gibbons, Vanderbilt learned to operate a large and complicated business and he moved with his family to New Brunswick, New Jersey, a stop on Gibbons line between New York and Philadelphia. There his wife Sophia operated a very profitable inn, using the proceeds to feed, clothe, Vanderbilt also proved a quick study in legal matters, representing Gibbons in meetings with lawyers. He also went to Washington, D. C. to hire Daniel Webster to argue the case before the Supreme Court, Vanderbilt appealed his own case against the monopoly to the Supreme Court, which was next on the docket after Gibbons v. Ogden

19.
New York Central Railroad
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The New York Central Railroad was a railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. NYCs Grand Central Terminal in New York City is one of its best known extant landmarks, in 1968 the NYC merged with its former rival, the Pennsylvania Railroad, to form Penn Central. That company went bankrupt in 1970 and was taken over by the federal government, Conrail was broken up in 1998, and portions of its system was transferred to the newly formed New York Central Lines LLC, a subsidiary leased to and eventually absorbed by CSX and Norfolk Southern. Those companies lines included the original New York Central main line, but outside that area it included lines that were never part of the New York Central system. At the end of 1925, the New York Central System operated 11,584 miles of road and 26,395 miles of track, at the end of 1967 the mileages were 9,696 miles and 18,454 miles. The Mohawk and Hudson opened on September 24,1831, and changed its name to the Albany, the Utica and Schenectady Railroad was chartered April 29,1833, as the railroad paralleled the Erie Canal it was prohibited from carrying freight. Revenue service began August 2,1836, extending the line of the Albany and Schenectady Railroad west from Schenectady along the side of the Mohawk River, opposite the Erie Canal. The Syracuse and Utica Railroad was chartered May 1,1836, the full line opened July 3,1839, extending the line further to Syracuse via Rome. This line was not direct, going out of its way to stay near the Erie Canal and serve Rome, nothing of that line was ever built, though the later West Shore Railroad, acquired by the NYC in 1885, served the same purpose. The Auburn and Syracuse Railroad was chartered May 1,1834, and opened mostly in 1838, a month later, with the opening of the Syracuse and Utica Railroad, this formed a complete line from Albany west via Syracuse to Auburn, about halfway to Geneva. The Auburn and Rochester Railroad was chartered May 13,1836, as an extension via Geneva and Canandaigua to Rochester. The two lines merged on August 1,1850, to form the rather indirect Rochester and Syracuse Railroad, to fix this, the Rochester and Syracuse Direct Railway was chartered and immediately merged into the Rochester and Syracuse Railroad on August 6,1850. That line opened June 1,1853, running more directly between those two cities, roughly parallel to the Erie Canal. The Tonawanda Railroad, to the west of Rochester, was chartered April 24,1832 to build from said city to Attica. The first section, from Rochester southwest to Batavia, opened May 5,1837, the Attica and Buffalo Railroad chartered in 1836 and opened on November 24,1842, running from Buffalo east to Attica. On March 19,1844, the Tonawanda Railroad was authorized to build the connection, the Albany and Schenectady Railroad bought all the baggage, mail and emigrant cars of the other railroads between Albany and Buffalo on February 17,1848, and began operating through cars. On December 7,1850, the Tonawanda Railroad and Attica and Buffalo Railroad merged to form the Buffalo and Rochester Railroad. A new direct line opened from Buffalo east to Batavia on April 26,1852, the line was added to the New York and Erie Railroad system and converted to the Eries 6 ft broad gauge

20.
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
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The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, often abbreviated as Santa Fe or AT&SF, was one of the larger railroads in the United States. Chartered in February 1859, the reached the Kansas-Colorado border in 1873 and Pueblo, Colorado. To create a demand for its services, the set up real estate offices. Despite the name, its main line never served Santa Fe, New Mexico, as the terrain was too difficult, the Santa Fe was a pioneer in intermodal freight transport, an enterprise that included a tugboat fleet and an airline. Its bus line extended passenger transportation to areas not accessible by rail, the AT&SF was the subject of a popular song, Harry Warren & Johnny Mercers On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe, written for the film, The Harvey Girls. The railroad officially ceased operations on December 31,1996, when it merged with the Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway was chartered on February 11,1859, to join Atchison and Topeka, Kansas, with Santa Fe, in its early years, the railroad opened Kansas to settlement. Much of its revenue came from wheat grown there and from cattle driven north from Texas to Wichita, rather than turn its survey southward at Dodge City, AT&SF headed southwest over Raton Pass because of coal deposits near Trinidad, Colorado and Raton, New Mexico. D&RG paid an estimated $1.4 million to Santa Fe for its work within the Gorge and agreed not to extend its line to Santa Fe, while Santa Fe agreed to forego its planned routes to Denver and Leadville. Building across Kansas and eastern Colorado was simple, with few natural obstacles and it set up real estate offices in the area and promoted settlement across Kansas on the land that was granted to it by Congress in 1863. It offered discounted fares to anyone who traveled west to land, if the land was purchased. AT&SF reached Albuquerque in 1880, Santa Fe, the destination of the railroad, found itself on a short branch from Lamy. In March 1881 AT&SF connected with the Southern Pacific at Deming, New Mexico, the railroad then built southwest from Benson, Arizona, to Nogales on the Mexican border where it connected with the Sonora Railway, which the AT&SF had built north from the Mexican port of Guaymas. The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad was chartered in 1866 to build west from Springfield, Missouri, the infant A&P had no rail connections. The line that was to become the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway would not reach Springfield for another four years, A&P started construction in 1868, built southwest into what would become Oklahoma, and promptly entered receivership. In 1879 A&P struck a deal with the Santa Fe and Frisco railroads to construct a line for each. The railroads would jointly build and own the A&P railroad west of Albuquerque, in 1883 A&P reached Needles, California, where it connected with an SP line. A&P also built a line between Tulsa, Oklahoma and St. Louis, Missouri for the Frisco, but the Tulsa-Albuquerque portion remained unbuilt, by January 1890, the entire system consisted of some 7,500 miles of track

21.
Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough
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Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough KP CB CVO was a British peer. Ponsonby was the eldest son of Reverend Walter Ponsonby, 7th Earl of Bessborough, and his wife, Louisa, daughter of Edward Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans. He qualified as a barrister in 1879 and was secretary to Lord Robert Grosvenor at HM Treasury from 1880 to 1884 and to Arthur Peel, Speaker of the House of Commons, from 1884 to 1895. In 1898, he was High Sheriff of Carlow, appointed a CVO in 1902 and he was also involved in business and became a director of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in March 1895, and served as its Chairman from February 1908 until his death. On 22 April 1875, Ponsonby married Blanche Guest and they had six children, Lady Olwen Verene, married Geoffrey Browne, 3rd Baron Oranmore, Lady Helen Blanche Irene, married John Congreve and settled at Mount Congreve estate in County Waterford, Ireland. Vere Brabazon, later styled Viscount Duncannon, later 9th Earl of Bessborough, Hon. Myles Brabazon, soldier and father of the 11th Earl of Bessborough. Hon. Bertie Brabazon, barrister and soldier, Lady Gweneth Frida, married Hon. Windham Baring, Ralph Cavendish. Ponsonby inherited the earldom from his father in 1906, and on his death in 1920, his titles passed to his eldest son and his death procurred an erroneous obituary of Lord Desborough being published after The Times confused the two peers. Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Bessborough

22.
London, Brighton and South Coast Railway
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The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1922. Its territory formed a triangle, with London at its apex, practically the whole coastline of Sussex as its base. It was bounded on its side by the London and South Western Railway. It served the inland towns/cities of Chichester, Horsham, East Grinstead and Lewes, at the London end was a complicated suburban and outer-suburban network of lines emanating from London Bridge and Victoria, and shared interests in two cross-London lines. The London and Brighton Railway, created in 1837 and opened in 1841, the Brighton Lewes and Hastings Railway, created in February 1844, opened in June 1846. The Croydon and Epsom Railway, created in July 1844, under construction at the time of amalgamation, at the time of its creation the LB&SCR had around 170 route miles in existence or under construction, consisting of three main routes and a number of branches. The main line to Brighton from London Bridge opened in 1841, the sections between Corbetts Lane and London Bridge and between Croydon and Redhill were shared with the South Eastern Railway. There were two lines under construction at the time of the amalgamation, the Sutton & Mole Valley Lines from Croydon to Epsom. The West Sussex coast line originated with a line from Brighton to Shoreham. This was extended to Chichester by the time of the amalgamation, a connecting spur from the Brighton main line at Keymer Junction near Haywards Heath to the Brighton-Lewes line was under construction at the time of amalgamation. A short line from New Cross to Deptford Wharf, proposed by the L&CR, was approved in July 1846, shortly before amalgamation, a short branch from this line to the nearby Surrey Commercial Docks in Rotherhithe opened in July 1855. The main London terminus was the L&CR station at London Bridge, built by the London and Greenwich Railway in 1836, and exchanged for the original L&CR station in 1842. For the first few years of its existence, LB&SCR trains used the L&GR lines from Corbett’s Lane into London, the LB&SCR inherited from the L&CR running powers to the smaller SER passenger terminus at Bricklayers Arms. Poorly sited for passengers, it closed in 1852 and was converted into a goods station, the LB&SCR owned two stations at Croydon, later East Croydon and West Croydon. The L&CR had been operated by the atmospheric principle between Croydon and Forest Hill, as the first phase of a scheme to use this mode of operation between London and Epsom. However, following a number of problems, the LB&SCR abandoned atmospheric operation in May 1847. This enabled it to build its own lines into London Bridge, the history of the LB&SCR can be studied in five distinct periods. However, the LB&SCR had one important playing card not available to the L&BR – control of the SER main line between New Cross and Croydon, under this agreement the LB&SCR would have free access to London Bridge, Bricklayers Arms station and goods yard, and Hastings

23.
Norwegian National Rail Administration
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The administration operated all railways in Norway, except public station areas and freight terminals built before 1997 and private sidings. All track is standard gauge, with a total of 4,230 kilometres, of which 2,498 kilometres is electrified, the Norwegian Railway Museum was a subsidiary of the rail administration. On 1 December 1996, NSB was split up, formally NSB and the inspectorate were demerged from the National Rail Administration, all three became subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications. The administration got its own executive, Steinar Killi, from 1 July 1999. Bane NOR has also taken over its ownership since 2017, by the 1960s, passenger transport on private railways was abolished, and only a few private lines remained, the last, the Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Line, was closed in 1997. Since then the agency has operated all railway lines in the country, except tramways and the Oslo T-bane, until 1 July 1999, NSB and the administration continued to have the same board and the same director, Osmund Ueland. In 1985, NSB and Televerket agreed to build a network of optical fiber that would span the entire railway network. This remained part of Jernbaneverket until 2001, when it was transferred to the subsidiary BaneTele, the same year it bought the bankrupt telecom company Enitel, and the whole subsidiary transferred to the Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry in 2002. In 2005, the division was demerged, and established as the limited company Baneservice. The process of privatizing the work of 1,100 employees was discontinued after the 2005 election, following the victory of the socialist coalition government. All track is now standard gauge, with a total of 4,230 kilometres, of which 2,498 kilometres is electrified at 15 kV 16 2⁄3 Hz AC, the Gardermoen Line, at 64 kilometres, is the only high-speed line. The network consists of 716 tunnels,2,572 bridges and 3,690 level crossings. The railways transported 61,121,000 passengers for 3,202 million passenger kilometers and 30,271,000 tonnes of cargo for 3,489 million tonne kilometers in 2012, the same year there were 20 train-related accidents, with two fatalities. Main offices was located in Oslo, while regional offices was located in Bergen, Hamar and Trondheim, while train control areas was also located in Drammen, Kristiansand, Stavanger, the administration also ran the Norwegian Railway College in Oslo and the Norwegian Railway Museum in Hamar. The agency has about 2,900 employees. In 2007, the administration had a revenue of NOK5,661 million, of the investments 82% went to new lines, notably the Asker Line, Stavanger–Sandnes, Lysaker Station and Ganddal Yard. The administration received most of its income from the ministry, at the time of the demerger, all stations were transferred to NSB, but the administration retained ownership of the platforms. All stations opened after 1996 were owned by the administration, this has caused an ownership structure where sections of the stations may have different owners