If concerned with group membership, researchers compute summaries
such as frequencies, proportions, or _____.

means
medians
modes
ranges
percentages

What level of measurement is contained in the data if a researcher
measures people in terms of gender?

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

The Sign Test, the Binomial Test, and Fisher's Exact Test

Look at Excerpt 17.1. If 15 (rather than 12) of the 20 people had
correctly discriminated the difference in circles, the p-value
would have been _____ than 0.2517.

larger
smaller

A sign test be used either with 1 group measured twice or with 2
matched groups.

True
False

The binomial test is exactly like a sign test, except the _____
has a more "flexible" Ho.

binomial test
sign test

A binomial test can be used either with 1 group measured twice
or with 2 matched groups.

True
False

There are __ comparison groups involved in a Fisher's Exact Test,
and these groups must represent ______ samples.

2; independent
2; dependent
3; independent
3; dependent

The null hypothesis in a Fisher's Exact Test says that the population
proportions are ____.

equal to each other.
equal to .50.

In Excerpt 17.4, the sample data would have been most "in line with" the
null hypothesis if ___ of the members of the control group had said they were
very satisfied with the overall treatment and outcome.

2
15
17
28

Chi-Square Tests: An Introduction

Most chi-square tests (but not all of them) deal with nominal data.

True
False

What Greek symbol is used to indicate that a chi-square tests has
been conducted?

a2l2c2D2

If a chi-square test is used with frequencies, it most likely is
Pearson's approximation to chi square.

True
False

Three Main Types of Chi-Square Tests

A 4-category 1-sample c2 test
could yield a "p

True
False

If 30 men in the male sample exercise but 10 don't, how many of
the 60 women in the female sample would have to exercise in order
for the sample data to be in full agreement with the chi-square null
hypothesis?

15
30
45
50

In Excerpt 17.9, how many df were associated with the
c2
test that was conducted?

279
278
277
1

When chi square is used with a contingency table, the researcher
must specify the values of P in Ho.

True
False

If, in Table 17.3 (on page 416), the control group's percentages for "Technique"
and "Don't Know" had been reversed, the computed value of
c2 in Excerpt 17.10
would have been ______ than 21.80.

smaller
larger

In a "cross-tabulation analysis," the data are means and standard deviations.

True
False

Chi Square as a Correlational Probe

When chi-square is used in a correlational sense, researchers sometimes
call it a "chi square test of ____."

association
independence
relationship
scatter

For 2x2 contingency tables, chi-square can be converted into a correlational
index called ____.

gamma
epsilon
phi
omega

For contingency tables with 3 or more rows/columns, c2
can be converted into what correlational index?

In Excerpt 17.14, if the 2 Black percentages had been 50% and 50%, the numerical
value of c2 would have been
_____ (larger/smaller) than 9.94, and the numerical value of phi would have been
_____ (larger/smaller) than .28.

larger; larger
larger; smaller
smaller; larger
smaller; smaller

Issues Related to Chi-Square Tests

With chi-square tests, the df are determined by what?

The sample size.
The number of categories.

If a researcher used chi-square to see if a relationship exists
between the political affiliation of bumper stickers (Republican vs.
Democrat) and driver's age (<30, 30-50, >50), the df would be equal
to __.

1
2
3
5
6

If a chi-square test comparing the percentage of men and women getting
one or more traffic tickets in the past year leads to a significant
result, a post hoc test ____ be needed to clarify the results.

would
would not

Chi-square should not be used if the _____ frequencies are too small.

expected
observed

Researchers sometimes use the "Yates correction" when their chi
square's df is equal to what numerical value(s)?

0
1
Anything greater than 1
Any non-integer value

McNemar's Chi Square

McNemar's chi square is appropriate when the 2 samples of data
are ______.