The flow pattern of liquid was experimentally studied in a gas-lift column where water and air were continuously introduced into the inner column of two coaxial cylinders. The flow of liquid in the inner aeration column was well represented by the tanks-in-series model while that in the recycle column was more close to plug flow. The height of mixing unit (HMU) was defined as height of unit tank in the aeration column and was correlated to the gas and liquid velocities.

Axial dispersion coefficients have been measured in the continuous phase of a 10.8 cm diameter pulsed plate extraction column. The measurements were made by observing the course of an instantaneous chemical reaction between acid and base in the continuous phase, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Two different plates were employed, namely perforated and star-shaped plates. The air pulsing was generated by means of solenoid valves and a timing controller. The pulsation amplitude and frequency were varied from 0.5 to 8.0 cm and from 0.5 to 2.0 Hz, respectively. Axial dispersion increased proportionally with the product of the square of amplitude and frequency, however, it decreased with free opening area of the plate and plate spacing. The flow rates of each phase and the plate thickness have insignificant effects on the axial dispersion. The data have been correlated in terms of amplitude, frequency, plate spacing and free opening area of the plates.

The objective of this study is to present an efficient process for recovering vanadium values from the fuel oil ash. It was found that the ash processing should be conducted on wet grinding and alkaline roasting for the maximum vanadium recovery from the fuel oil ash. The beneficial effects of wet grinding were that the capacity and power requirement were considerably reduced than that of dry grinder and about 40% of sodium vanadate was leached out during grinding. From the filtrate after wet grinding, the solubilized vanadium could be directly precipitated as red cake (crude ) during oxidation. Most of vanadium from the cake after filtration was treated by alkaline roasting and was leached out sodium vanadate from the roasted product by means of water. The purity of the final product obtained from basic solution was above 97% of , which was higher than that from acidic solution.

The Zeolite mined out of Yeoungill, Korea, was used to study the adsorption of C.O.D. in the waste water from the dyeing mill. The experiment was performed batchwise in a beaker with 10gr of adsorbents and of waste water. The waste water was agitated with the stirring speed of 100 rpm at a constant temperature. The amount of C.O.D. disappeared by adsorbent was measured at constant time intervals. The effect of Zeolite particle size, initial concentration of C.O.D. in water on adsorption were investigated. The kinetic study showed that the adsorption by Zeolite is known to be controlled by intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms are found to be ploted on the straight line. The adsorption quantity of C.O.D. on Zeolite at equilibrium is nearly equal to that of granular active carbon in about 10 mg of C.O.D. /gr of adsorbent. Therefore, the Youngill Zeolite could be used as an economic adsorbent in treating the waste water of the dyeing industries.

By dial-gauge readings of the deflection of metal foil attached to the bottom of the storage silo, bottom pressures exerted by fine powders of the average particle size smaller than were measured for wide ranges of relative humidity and compared with the theoretical values calculated by the Janssen's equation. Bottom pressures increase with the increasing particle sizes and bulk density of powders. The results are in good agreement with those predicted by the equation. The influence of the relative humidity on the bottom pressures is remarkable, which reach maximum values at 70% of relative humidity. As the observed pressures are significantly less than those given by the Janssen's equation, it is considered useful to modify the equation by inserting a dimensionless stability number, , in order to obtain more accurate estimates of storage pressures.