Triallyl Isocyanurate TAIC®

Product Description

TAIC® is the trade name of the product TRIALLYL ISOCYANURATE.

TAIC® is a symmetric polyfunctions triazine compound which has been used for the crosslinking reaction of synthetic rubbers and plastics as well as a raw material for flame retardant. TAIC® possesses a thermally stable triazine ring and unique properties, providing a polymer with improved properties, including heat resistance, mechanical properties and resistance to hydrolysis and weathering.

Properties
of TAIC®

C.A.S.
No.

1025-15-6

TSCA No.

1025-15-6

EINECS
No.

2138347

Appearance

Slightly
yellowish and transparent liquid above 30°C

Specific
Gravity

(D) See
Fig. 1

Boiling
Point

144°C
at 3 mmHg (see Fig. 2)

Flash Point

245°C
by Pensky-Martens method

Viscosity

See Fig.
3

Specific
Heat

0.6 cal/g
°C at 40°C

Refractive
Index

(nD30)
1.5070-1.5100

Solubility

Water

0.34% at 30°C

n-Pentane

Slightly soluble

Ethylene Glycol

Slightly soluble

Benzene

Soluble

Xzylene

Soluble

Methanol

Soluble

Methly Ethyl Ketone

Soluble

Heptane

Soluble

Fig. 1 Specific Gravity of TAIC®

Fig. 2 Vapor Pressure of TAIC®

Fig. 3 Viscosity of TAIC®

Fig. 4 Infrared Spectrum
of TAIC®

Reactivity of TAIC®

A. Polymerization Reaction

TAIC® is a poly-functional allylic monomer and is easily polymerized by using radical polymerization catalyst such as organic peroxide and azocompound.

TAIC® is less reactive than other vinyl-type monomers. Q and e values of TAIC® are 0.011 and -0.60 respectively. (1)

The heat of polymerization is 55.5 Kcal/mol.

1) Bulk Polymerization

In the reaction of bulk polymerization by using peroxide catalyst, TAIC® provides such a transparent and hard but brittle homopolymer, which has very excellent heat resistance such as that only 5% of weight loss at 400oC in nitrogen atmosphere by thermal gravimetric analysis. (Fig. 5)

Fig. 5 Thermal Analysis
of TAIC® Homopolymer

Operation
Condidtions

Sample
Weight

15mg

TGA: Thermal
Gravimetric Analysis

Sample
Cell

Pt

DTA: Differential
Thermal Analysis

Reference
Material

Al2O3

Heating
Rate

10°C/min.

2) Solution Polymerization

The polymerization of TAIC® in common solvents provides homopolymers having particularly high melting points. (2)

When the polymerization of TAIC® is carried out in solvent such as halogenated hydrocarbons or aldehydes, linear polymers may be produced by the telomerization with free radical of the solvent. By taking advantage of this telomerizarion, prepolymers which have molecular weith of 6,000 to 9,000, melting point of 120 to 150°C and bromine value off 25 to 35 can be produced. (3)

3) Copolymerization

TAIC® can be copolymerized with many vinyl and allyl type monomers to give copolymers having different properties. (Fig. 6) (4) The copolymerization of TAIC® with other vinyl type monomer is camparatively difficult to be proceeded, however, TAIC® can be used practically for over various fields of application in which small amount of TAIC® participation is enough for the purposes. The copolymers thus produced has higher melting point and specific properties.

Fig. 6 Copolymer Composition Curves
of TAIC®

B. Crosslinking Reaction

TAIC® is broadly utilized as a crosslinking coagent for peroxide or radiation crosslinking of polyolefines and synethetic rubbers.

Main role of a crosslinking coagent is inprovement of the crosslinking efficiency by behaving longer life radicals vai primary radicals. The effectiveness of allylic crosslinking coagent is much more superior to vinyl compound by following reasons:

a) Radicals created in allylic compounds are stabilized by the allyl resonace, density of
radical in the system is kept in high level.

b) In case of vinyl monomer, the polymerization takes place easily among mutual monomers
and so the effectivness to crosslinking reaction will turn worse.

TAIC® can be combined with rubber molecule by crosslinking reaction and improve physical properties include heat resistance, weathering resistance and resistance to oil.

TAIC® is employed as a crosslinking coagent for halogen containing rubbers such as chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and fluoroelasteomer, some parts of allyl double bonds left in the crosslinking system act as the acceptor of acidic substances such as HCI and HF liberated from the rubber, and physical properties of crosslinked rubber is much improved.

C. Addition Reaction

Addition reaction to double bonds of TAIC® takes place in the same way as to common olefine compounds.

Halogenated TAIC® such as Tris (2,3-dichloro propyl) isocyanurate and Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate are important compounds as flame retardants for plastics. (Table 1)(5)

Table 1 Properties of
Halogenated TAIC®

X

Br

CL

Molecular
Weight

729

462

Melting
Point (°C)

110-120

94-96

Content
of Halogen (WT%)

66

46

Cyclopentadiene
can be added to TAIC® by Diels Alder's reaction.

Product
Specifications

TAIC®

Appearance

Slightly yellowish and transparent
liquid state in summer and white solid in other seasons

Color (APHA)

Max. 70

Specific Gravity
(30°C)

1.15 - 1.17

Viscosity (30°C, cp)

80 - 110

Melting Point (°C)

23 - 27

Moisture (%)

Max. 0.1

*Di-t-butyl hydroxy toluene
(BHT) is added as much as 100 ppm to TAIC® as a stabilizer

Application of TAIC®

A. Crosslinking Coagent

TAIC® is widely used as a coagent for peroxide crosslinking or radiation crosslinking of Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE), EPDM, Fluroelaster and so on.

1) Polyolefines

TAIC® is availavle for linking by x-ray, y-ray electron or ultra violet ray radiation and the product polyolefines have the superior insolubility to solvents and the tensile strength at high temperature could be improved. (6)

2) Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE)

TAIC® is effective modifier to heat resistance with increasing of crosslinking density for peroxide crosslinking denisty for peroxide crosslinking of CPE. Since TAIC® acts as an acceptor of HCI which is envolved from CPE at crosslinking reaction and deterioriates its physical properties. Table 2 is an example of crosslinking of CPE using TAIC® (7).

3) Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)

TAIC® is the most effecdtive coagent for crosslinking EVA. The effectivness of crosslinking coagent which acts in peroxide crosslinking of EVA is as follows; (10)

And Fig. 7 shows the relation of Tensile strentgth vs Elongation of crosslinked EVA using some crosslinking coagent. (8)

4) EPDM

EPDM is being widely utilized for industrial use based on its excellent properties on heat resistance and weathering. In application field being required severe physical properties, peroxide crosslinking in employed. TAIC® preferably contributes to promote crosslinking rate and also to improve its heat resistance, compression set and abrasion resistance.

5) Fluoroelastomer
TAIC® is necessarily used for crosslinking reaction of Fluoroelastomer.
TAIC® is employed often for radiation crosslinking coagent for specified application field of high quality insulating material.
Table 3 is an example of crosslinking of Fluoroelastomer using TAIC®. (9)

6) Urethane Rubber
TAIC® is effective to improve of crosslink density in the vulcanization of millable type polyurethane.

B. Polymerization Comonomer
The copolymerization of bi-functional monomer with TAIC® provides a copolymer crosslinkable by pendant allyl groups in TAIC® unit. Copolymer having higher concentration of TAIC® unit, provide a thermosetting characteristic. The copolymerization will result the improved properties of resistance to heat and weathering and mechanical strength.

1) Emulsion Copolymerization
In emulsion copolymerization of acrylic ester with TAIC®provides an unique copolymer which has much improved properties including heat, weathering and inmpact resistance and it is used as a raw material of acrylic paint and also used as a component for acrylic graft copolymer. TAIC® can also improve properties of copolymer which is made by emulsion copolymerization with styrene or acrylonitrile (10)