Metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet is associated with a change in the gut microbiota

Serino, Matteo and Luche, Elodie and Gres, Sandra and Baylac, Audrey and Bergé, Mathieu and Cenac, Claire and Waget, Aurélie and Klopp, Pascale and Iacovoni, Jason and Klopp, Christophe and Mariette, Jérôme and Bouchez, Olivier and Lluch, Jérôme and Ouarné, Françoise and Monsan, Pierre and Valet, Philippe and Roques, Christine and Amar, Jacques and Bouloumié, Anne and Theodorou, Vassilia and Burcelin, Rémy
Metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet is associated with a change in the gut microbiota.
(2011)
Gut, 61 (4). 543-553. ISSN 0017-5749

Abstract

Objective The gut microbiota, which is considered a causal factor in metabolic diseases as shown best in animals, is under the dual influence of the host genome and nutritional environment. This study investigated whether the gut microbiota per se, aside from changes in genetic background and diet, could sign different metabolic phenotypes in mice. Methods The unique animal model of metabolic adaptation was used, whereby C57Bl/6 male mice fed a high-fat carbohydrate-free diet (HFD) became either diabetic (HFD diabetic, HFD-D) or resisted diabetes (HFD diabetes-resistant, HFD-DR). Pyrosequencing of the gut microbiota was carried out to profile the gut microbial community of different metabolic phenotypes. Inflammation, gut permeability, features of white adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle were studied. Furthermore, to modify the gut microbiota directly, an additional group of mice was given a glucooligosaccharide (GOS)-supplemented HFD (HFD+GOS). Results Despite the mice having the same genetic background and nutritional status, a gut microbial profile specific to each metabolic phenotype was identified. The HFD-D gut microbial profile was associated with increased gut permeability linked to increased endotoxaemia and to a dramatic increase in cell number in the stroma vascular fraction from visceral white adipose tissue. Most of the physiological characteristics of the HFD-fed mice were modulated when gut microbiota was intentionally modified by GOS dietary fibres. Conclusions The gut microbiota is a signature of the metabolic phenotypes independent of differences in host genetic background and diet.

Item Type:

Article

Additional Information:

Thanks to BMJ Publishing Group editor. The original PDF of the article can be found at Gut website : http://gut.bmj.com/