LOMBARDI FAMILY HISTORY

"Horace opens one of his odes with a depiction of a Stoic hero who will submit to the ruin of the universe around him: "Si fractus illabatur orbis, / impavidum ferient ruinae" — "Should the whole frame of Nature round him break, / In ruin and confusion hurled, / He, unconcerned, would hear the mighty crack, / And stand secure amidst a falling world." (Odes 3.3.7-8, translated by Joseph Addison.)

'MAP OF THE INCURSIONS OF THE BARBARIANS WHO DESTROYED THE ROMAN EMPIRE'. Showing the route of the Lombards from Scandinavia, across the Baltic Sea, through Germany, then on to North Central Italy. From Mitchell's Ancient Atlas. Published by E.H. Butler & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., 1844.

'There was this wonderful kingdom of the Lombards: there was no violence, no plotting pitfalls, and no others unjustly oppressed, no one plundered and there were no thefts, there was no robbery; everyone went wherever they wanted, safe and without any fear '-(Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum, III, 16).

"The Lombards or Langobards (Latin: Langobard), were a Germanic tribe who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy.

When the Lombard king Audoin defeated the Gepid leader Thurisind in 551 or 552; his successor Alboin eventually destroyed the Gepids at the Battle of Asfeld in 567. Following this victory, Alboin decided to lead his people to Italy, which had become severely depopulated after the long Gothic War (535–554) between the Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom there. The Lombards were joined by numerous Saxons, Heruls, Gepids, Bulgars, Thuringians, and Ostrogoths, and their invasion of Italy was almost unopposed. By late 569 they had conquered all the principal cities north of the Po River except Pavia, which fell in 572. At the same time, they occupied areas in central Italy and southern Italy. They established a Lombard Kingdom in Italy, later named Regnum Italicum ("Kingdom of Italy"), which reached its zenith under the eighth-century ruler Liutprand. In 774, the Kingdom was conquered by the Frankish King Charlemagne, and integrated into his Empire. However, Lombard nobles continued to rule parts of the Italian peninsula well into the 11th century, when they were conquered by the Normans, and added to their County of Sicily. Their legacy is apparent in the regional appellation, Lombardy."

"I Lombardi alla prima crociata (The Lombards on the First Crusade) is an operatic dramma lirico in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on an epic poem by Tommaso Grossi. Its first performance was given at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 11 February 1843. Verdi dedicated the score to Maria Luigia, the Habsburg Duchess of Parma, who died a few weeks after the premiere.

In 1847, the opera was significantly revised to become Verdi's first grand opera for performances in French at the Paris Opera under the title of Jérusalem."

"The Iron Crown of Lombardy (Corona Ferrea) is both a reliquary and one of the most ancient royal insignia of Europe. It is kept in the Cathedral at Monza near Milan, the capital of Lombardy.

Antiquity:

The Iron Crown is so called from a narrow band of iron about one centimeter (three-eighths of an inch) within it, said to be beaten out of one of the nails used at the Crucifixion. According to tradition, the nail was first given to Emperor Constantine I the Great by his mother Saint Helena, who discovered the Cross.

How it fell into the hands of the Lombard Kings, Germanic conquerors of northern Italy, is not well explained.

The outer circlet of the crown is of six gold and enamel segments of beaten gold, joined together by hinges and set with precious stones that stand out in relief, in the form of crosses and flowers.

Its small size and hinged construction have suggested to some that it was originally an armlet or perhaps a votive crown that was presented to the Cathedral of Monza, where it is preserved as a holy relic.

Modern uses:

On March 1, 1026, Heribert, the archbishop of Milan, crowned Emperor Conrad II at Milan with the Iron Crown of Lombardy.

From the 9th to the 12th century the Kings of Italy received the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia.

On the May 26, 1805, Napoleon Bonaparte had himself crowned King of Italy at Milan, with suitable splendor and magnificence. Seated upon a superb throne, he was invested with the usual insignia of royalty by the Cardinal Archbishop of Milan, and ascending the altar, he took the iron crown, and placing it on his head, exclaimed, being part of the ceremony used at the enthronement of the Lombard Kings, Dieu me le donne, prendre garde ceux qui il touche – "God gives it to me, beware those who touch it".

On the occasion, Napoleon founded the Order of the Iron Crown, on June 15, 1805. After Napoleon's fall and the annexation of Lombardy to Austria, the order was re-instituted by the Austrian Emperor Francis I, on January 1, 1816.

Emperor Ferdinand I was crowned King of Lombardy and Venetia in Milan on September 6, 1838, using the Iron Crown.

After the war between Austria and Italy, when the Austrian had to withdraw from Italy in 1859, the Iron Crown was delivered to Victor Emmanuel, the Savoy King of Piedmont-Sardinia and soon after of re-united modern Italy.

A surprising image of the Iron Crown figures in Chaper 37 "Sunset" of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick. The brief chapter is devoted to Captain Ahab's soliloquy. Among his delusions of persecution and of grandeur, he imagines himself crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy."

"Peter Lombard (c. 1100 – July 20, 1160 in Paris) was a scholastic theologian and bishop of the 12th century.

Peter Lombard was born in Lumellogno, near Novara, Italy, to a poor family. His date of birth was likely between 1095 and 1100. Nothing is known for certain in regard to his origins, his social background, or his education as a youth. The first thirty years of Peter's life continue to be a blank in terms of history. Novara is a city of northwest Italy, to the west of Milan. ...

The date of Lombard's ordination to the priesthood is uncertain. He became a subdeacon in 1147. At the council of Rheims, and possibly at the consistory of Paris the year before, he took part as a theological expert. At some time after 1150 he beacame a deacon, then an archdeacon by 1156, or maybe as early as 1152. In 1159, he was named bishop of Paris. Peter was consecrated at the approximate time of the feast of SS. Peter and Paul, July 28, 1159. Subdeacon is a title used in various branches of Christianity. ... Deacon is a role in the Christian Church which is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. ... An archdeacon is a senior position in some Christian churches, above that of most clergy and below a bishop. ... Events In the Roman Catholic Church, Cardinals are given the right of election of the Pope. ... The archbishop of Paris is one of twenty-three archbishops in France. ...

His reign as bishop was brief. He died on either July 21 or 22, 1160. Little can be ascertained about Lombard's administrative style or objectives because he left behind so few episcopal acta. His epitaph and tomb lay in the church of St. Marcellus in Paris before it was destroyed during the French Revolution. The epitaph menitioned his fame as the author of the Four Books of Sentences and glosses on the Psalms and the Pauline epistles. The French Revolution (1789â€“1799) was a pivotal period in the history of French, European and Western civilization. ...

Peter Lombard's most famous work was "Libri quatuor sententiarum, the Book of Sentences. This served as the standard textbook of theology at the medieval universities, from the 1220s until the 16th century. There is no work of Christian literature, except for the Bible itself, that has been commented upon more frequently. All the major medieval thinkers, from Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas to William of Ockham and Gabriel Biel, were influenced by it. Even the young Martin Luther still wrote glosses on the "Sentences." Peter Lombards seminal work, on which his reputation rests. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 Events and Trends Categories: 1220s ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... For other uses, see Bible (disambiguation). ... Albertus Magnus (fresco, 1352, Treviso, Italy) Albertus Magnus (1193? - 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican friar who became famous for his universal knowledge and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. ... Saint Thomas Aquinas [Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino] (c. ... William of Ockham William of Ockham (also Occam or any of several other spellings) (c. ... Gabriel Biel (c. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 â€“ February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ...

The Four Books of Sentences is a compilation of biblical texts, together with relevant passages from the Church Fathers and many medieval thinkers, on the entire field of Christian theology. Peter Lombard's genius consisted in the selection of passages, his attempt to reconcile them where they appeared to defend different viewpoints, and his arrangement of the material in a systematic order. Thus, the "Four Books of Sentences" starts with the Trinity in Book I, then moves on to creation in Book II, treats Christ, the savior of the fallen creation, in Book III, and deals with the sacraments, which mediate Christ's grace, in Book IV. The (Early) Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ... For other uses, see Trinity (disambiguation). ... Creation (theology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... This page is about the title or the Divine Person. For the Christian figure, see Jesus. ... A sacrament is a Christian rite that mediates divine grace. ...

Peter Lombard's most famous and most controversial doctrine in the Sentences was his identification of charity with the Holy Spirit in Book I, distinction 17. According to this doctrine, when we love God and neighbor, this love literally is God; we become divine and are taken up into the life of the Trinity. This idea was never declared unorthodox, but few theologians have been prepared to follow Peter Lombard in his audacious teaching. Compare Pope Benedict XVI's encyclical Deus Caritas Est, 2006. Allegorical personification of Charity as a mother with three infants by Anthony van Dyck // [edit] Etymology In the 1400, charity meant the state of love or simple affection which one was in or out of regarding ones fellows; an occasion or body of people seeking to embody that state... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishops mitre, and pallium of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms. ... Pope Benedict signs the encyclical Deus Caritas Est. ...

Also in the Sentences was the doctrine that marriage was consentual (and need not be consummated to be considered perfect, unlike Gratian's analysis). Lombard's interpretation was later endorsed by pope Alexander III, and had a significant impact on Church interpretation of marriage."

***Interesting Note: Maria was to make the Atlantic Ocean journey to America with several female friends, each coming to America to meet their husbands who had already immigrated to the US. They purchased their tickets and awaited the day of the voyage. However, one of the women was an alcoholic, and sold her ticket for money to buy drinks.

An attempt was made to purchase another ticket to their ship, but none were available. Wanting to stay together, the other women returned their tickets for a refund, and purchased tickets to another ocean-liner.

The ship's tickets that Maria and her friends returned were for the RMS TITANIC.

Mother Maria (Fusi) Lombardi, Guido (Guy) , and Father Giuseppe (Joe) Lombardi. Circa 1916. In front of their home that Joe built by hand. In the background is the Buick Motor Co. where Joe worked as a Hammer (forged parts) man. Flint.