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Not really for there will still be even more people that are smarter who will want to go into the sciences. Don't forget we are just about on the verge of being able to have babies that are very highly developed in their IQ levels with the aid of genetic engineering.

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Not necessarily. Granted, there is a certain minimum level of civilization required to support the advance of science, but greater use of birth control and zero population growth is accompanied by higher standards of living, higher educational levels, and more science.

Less people + the same growth of the economies and education system [which would continue for a short time at the same rate as with net population growth, then slow down] = more teachers and money per person = more effective education + higher quality of life = more scientists = more science.

What support do you have for saying that greater use of birth control and zero population growth is accompanied by higher standards of living, higher educational levels and more science?

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That's the pattern in western nations. When education and standards of living increase, the birth rate slows. This is probably due to greater female empowerment and access to medical care. As a result, families invest more in each individual child.

That's the pattern in western nations. When education and standards of living increase, the birth rate slows. This is probably due to greater female empowerment and access to medical care. As a result, families invest more in each individual child.

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Do they really invest more in each child? Seems to me they pursue their own lives more and have less time to have children (or attention to spare)

But that doesn't mean a slowing birth rate is the cause of increasing standards of living. More likely, it is the other way around. However, less population will reduce living standards and produce less scientists.

So, by investing more in a child - you can make them smarter? But if you forego having three children, and only have one - doesn't that mean that child has to be three times smarter just to stay at par?

I do think that falling population growth rates suggest falling rates of development for science and technology. In general, the more people you have, the more research gets done and the more discoveries are made. I think that was a contributing factor to why modern science progressed as it did. We saw an explosion of science and technology in the 20th century because we saw an explosion in the number of scioentists and technologists.

There are two countervailing factors, though, that you have to consider before succumbing to scientific reverse-Malthusianism, and thus embrace unchecked population growth. First, new technologies may greatly increase the "scientific productivity" per person. That technology need not be devices, it might well be advances in psychology that enable us to develop better teaching methods. (On the other hand it might well be some piece of more typical "information technology" like improvements in the web that make it easier to access and process information.) The technological change argument is the classic rebuttal to Mathus's proposition (that population grown is bad because it is roughly geometrically, whereas crop yields only grow roughly linearly, thus population growth leads to a food shortage over time and is thus "bad"), and I think it needs to be considered again here for similar reasons. Even if the population were to decline outright, technological innovation might enable that population to produce more science than the preceding generation.

The second factor is that, at some point, population becomes can become a major problem. At some point I think it's very likely that the marginal gain to the world of adding a new person (in the form of the scientific, economic and other benefits that person adds to the world) will be less than the marginal cost that added person imposes. I have no idea at what point that would be, and I am not personally concerned that we are all that close to it, but others disagree. At some point, though, world overpopulation would be a problem.

Suspect general "science" work occured the most and most aggressively after the fall of Catholic church, the rise of more liberated thinking, but before the dominance of corporation-capitalism(vs merchantilism/specialism).