Introduction Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world. Almost all caffeine comes from dictrary sources (beverage and food), most of it from the coffee and tea. Acute and specially, chronic caffeine intake appear to have only minor negative consequences on health. For this reason and because for caffeine users report loose of control over their caffeine intake, governmental regulatory agencies impose no restriction on the use of caffeine. Ordinary caffeine use has generally not been considered to be case of drug abuse, and is indeed not so classified in (Diagnostic and statistical manual of Mental Disorder). However, some years ago it was pointed out that caffeine may be a potential drug of abuse, and more recently caffeine has been describe as “a model drug of abuse” and the possibility that caffeine abuse, dependence, and withdrawal should be added to diagnostic manuals has been seriously considered (Anghes et.al.;19922b;strain et.al 1994 Pickworth, 1995; Anghes et. Al.;1998). In the present review we discuss the evidence regarding caffeine and dependence in light increasing knowledge regarding the action of caffeine or specific neuronal brain substances. Because the use of caffeine is probably related to its diverse effects on several brain functions, these are also briefly presented. Even though we have attempted to cover many of the aspects that are relevant to this complex issue, we are aware of several omissions and we also realize that the complex often somewhat contradictory – literature lends itself to more than one interpretation. In today’s fast-paced lives people need vigor to keep up with their demanding schedules and lifestyles. Often, they need some assistance in doing so. Caffeine is a naturally occurring chemical and is referred to as an “ancient wonder drug” for its potential to revive weary workaholics. It was discovered in the coffee bean (Coffea arabica) in Arabia, the tea leaf (Thea sinensis) in China, the kola nut (Cola nitida) in West Africa, and the cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao) in Mexico Caffeine products are so widely distributed these days that abuse of the substance may be unnoticed. In fact, caffeine is the world’s most widely consumed stimulant, with 54% of adults in America consuming on average three cups of coffee a day. Aside from occurring organically in tea and coffee, caffeine is now an additive in soft drinks, energy drinks, chocolates, bottled water, chewing gum, and medication .The aim of this paper is to elicit an awareness of the neurophysiologic effects of caffeine. This article emphasizes caffeine’s...

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