1.
Interventions are needed to support women living with HIV to reduce infant abandonment.
Studies found that families forced women living with HIV to abandon their infants; some due to erroneous fears that the infant could transmit HIV.

2.
Increased financial and other support is needed for adults, especially grandparents, caring for orphans, including those who are HIV-positive.
Studies found families caring for orphans lacked adequate food and nutrition and reported financial difficulties in meeting basic needs.

3.
Interventions are urgently needed to help girls enroll (and stay) in school.
[See also Advancing Education] Studies found that girls affected by HIV are more likely to be out of school, despite the protective factor of education in reducing the likelihood of HIV acquisition.

7.
Further interventions to provide support programs, including counseling, are needed for AIDS-orphaned children and their caregivers to combat depression, social isolation and stigma.
Studies found that AIDS orphans reported insufficient food, depression and stigma.

9.
Programs should encourage male involvement in children’s treatment and orphan care.
A systematic review and several studies found that fathers are often overlooked in orphan care when the mother has died.

10.
NGO and government interventions must take care not to create dependence on externally funded services and decrease the community’s sense of responsibility for OVC.
An evaluation of programs providing services to orphans found that because of NGO interventions, communities believed they had no responsibilities towards caregivers and orphans.

11.
Interventions are needed for street youths who have high rates of HIV and intravenous drug use.
A systematic, community-based, multicity assessment of street youth in Ukraine, of whom a quarter were girls, found high rates of HIV and low condom use and high rates of sharing needles, especially among orphans and who were injecting drug users.