To erect a chart for South latitude simply add 12 hours
to the Sidereal Time at birth. First proceed according to instructions
given on page 32 of
Simplified Scientific Astrology
and Lessons 1 to 5 of the Junior Astrology Course. Then to the
calculated Sidereal Time add 12 hours; if the sum is more than 24,
subtract 24 hours and the remainder will be the Sidereal Time at birth,
for a birth occurring in South latitude. At the bottom of the page in
the Tables of Houses you will see the word Houses followed
by 4-5-6-7-8-9; these are the houses you use, that is, you start with
the 4th house instead of the 10th as usual. For example, if Cancer is on
the 10th house, then in a chart for South latitude it will be on the
4th and Capricorn will be on the 10th house.

The reason for adding 12 hours to the Sidereal Time and
starting with the 4th house cusp in the Tables of Houses,
is that houses in the Southern Hemisphere are rotated and inverted in
their relationship to the ecliptic from their counterparts in the
Northern hemisphere. This procedure makes it possible to use the same
Table for both north and south latitudes.

In the course of some years of
correcting lessons in Astrology it becomes evident that thewre are
certain particular questions which, although explained in the printed
lessons, do not seem to be explained well enough. At least a great many
students have trouble with them. These questions are concerned with
time, both local and Greenwich, and with the directions in which the
planets and the signs move or appear to move; also with the
method of subtracting a certain degree and minute of one sign from a
certain degree and minute of another sign in order to find out how many
degrees a planet has traveled when it has moved from the first point to
the second.

Then the matter of cusps, what they are and where
they are, seems to bother many students. Please take a good look at the
following diagram:

The signs never change their order. Every sign has 30
degrees. The 30th degree of Aries lies next to the 1st degree of Taurus
and so on around the horoscope. This is invariable. Aries may be
anywhere in the horoscope, but it is always followed by Taurus and the
other signs in the same order.

You will notice that the 1st degree of Aries is at
the end of the line which divides the 1st house from the 12th house.
This point is called the "Ascendant," and is gthe "cusp" of the 1st
house. The line next to it, the one which divides the 1st house from the
second, is called the cusp of the 2nd house. Gemini 1 is on the "cusp"
of the third house, and so on around the wheel.

The spaces between the circles, where the symbols of
the zodiacal signs are, is supposed to be the belt of the zodiac. The
space inside is supposed to be the space occupied by our solar system,
and the symbols of the planets are placed there. Thus the planets are
between us and the zodiacal sigsn, and focus with the vibrations of the
signs and concentrate them in certain "houses," which are the
departments of life.

The central circle is supposed to be the earth, and
you who are looking at it are supposed to be out in space toward the
NORTH pole looking down on a plan of the earth at the birthplace, and
hence you are looking south. (This is the case when you are in the
northern hemisphere. If you are in the southern hemisphere the opposite
is true.) Now if you will imagine yourself in sych a place you will see
that the eastern horizon, or the rising sun, must be on your left hand.
Hence the point on the left side of the map is called the ASCENDANT. it
is here that the sun and all the planets rise above the horizon.

The point occupied by Capricorn 1 is called the Midheaven,
and is abbreviated from the latin word Medium Coeli
into M.C. This is the point directly overhead. The opposite point is
directly underneath and is the position of the sun at midnight; it is
called the nadir.

You will readily understand that as the earth turns in the
direction marked by the arrow, the signs of the zodiac apparently
rise in the east toward the Midheaven. The planets are said to be "in"
certain signs. They are, of course, not actually in those signs. We mean
that they are between those signs and the earth, and hence only seem
to be in them. The vibrations from a sign are tinged with the vibrations of
whatever planet is between us and that sign.

The planets all move through the signs in the
direction from the first degree of the sign toward the last degree. The
sun, for example, enters Aries 1, noves through Aries and passes out of
Aries at the 30th degree, and enters the 1st degree of Taurus. This is
the way all the planets move, although there are times when there is an apparent backward
motion, and the planet is said to be "retrograde." This motion is apparent only,
but the effect of this apparent motion is ver real.

You will readily understand that the signs of the
zodiac DO NOT MOVE. Their apparent motion is due to the rotation of the
earth, but you will often hear the statement that they do move.
Understand this in the same way that you understand the statment that
the "sun rises." The sun does not rise, but its apparent
rise is caused by the rotation of the earth. Similarly, the signs are
said to move, and they appear to move. it is easier and shorter to speak
of their moving than it is to enter into a long explanation of the
apparent motion. For the same reason we do not quarrel with anyone who
speaks of the sun rising. We know perfectly well what he means.

Now that we have explained this we will give you a
diagram showing in a visual way the direction of motion of the signs and
the planets. The planets do really move, the signs only appear to do
so.

Diagram 2 will show you the direction of travel of the
signs and planets. Diagram 1 has already shown you the numerical order
of the signs. it is manifest that if Mars is in the 1st degree of Aries
and the 15th degree of Aries is on the Ascendant, than Mars must be in
the 12th house. Similarly, if Venus is in the 16th degree of Aries then
venus must be in the 1st house.

Now suppose that the Moon is in Aries 26 at one noon
and moves to Taurus 8 by the next noon, and you wish to find out how far
she has gone. You wish to subtract Aries 26 from Taurus 8 thus:

Taurus 08°--00'--00"

--Aries 26°--00'--00"

&nbso; But how can one subtract a larger nymber from a
smaller? This is the very problem on which so many students meet
shipwreck. let us see if we cannot explain it so clearly that no one can
fail to comprehend. You cannot subtract 26 from 8 but you can borrow a
whole sign of 30 degrees and add that to your 8, thus making 38, and
then subtract 26 and you get 12, thus:

38--00--00

--26--00--00

12--00--00

But where do you get any authority for "borrowing" thirty
degrees and from what do you borrow them? Look at diagram No. 1. The
first degree of Taurus follows right after the 30th degree of Aries.
Therefore the 8th degree of Taurus would be the 38th degree of Aries.
Therefore the 8th degree of Taurus would be the 38th degree of Aries if a
sign could have more than 30 degrees. That is just what you do when you
"borrow." Let us see if this is correct. We told you that the planets
move through a sign from the 1st degree to the 30th degree and then pass
into the next sign at its 1st degree. Now the moon was in 26 of Aries
and therefore had 4 degrees to go to reach the 30th degree. Then it went
into the 1st degree of Taurus and had 8 degrees to move to reach the
8th degree. Add the 4 degrees of Aries and the 8 degrees of Taurus and
you have 12 degrees.

Let us now complicate this a little. Suppose the moon
was in 26°--29'--47" of Aries and the following noon would be in
Taurus, 8°--15'--38". That is as hard as any problem you will likely to
meet. here it is:

Taurus 08°--15'--38"

Aries 26°--29'--47"

This seems to be difficult but it is really very simple.
Every minute contains 60 seconds. 15 minutes and 38 seconds is just the
same as 14 minutes and 98 seconds. 8 degrees and 15 minutes is just the
same as 7 degrees and 75 minutes. So you "borrow" to make your
subtraction. 47 from 98 leaves 51. Then remember that you took one
minute from your 15 minutes and so have only 14 minutes left and when
you borrow 60 minutes from the 8 degrees you add it to the 14, not to
the 15. hence you subtract 29 from 74 (not 75). This leaves 45. Then you
proceed to borrow 30 degrees (1 sign) to add to your 7 degrees as
explained before, making 37 degrees. This makes the subtraction look
this way:

37--74--98

--26--29--47

11--45--51

In other words, the moon moved 11 degrees 45 minutes and
51 seconds. Now let us prove this. We will add the movement to the
previous noon position and see if we get the proper answer.

Aries 26°--29'--47"

11°--45'--51"

This is the same as Taurus 8°--15'--38" with which we started.

All of the subtractions from one sign to another are
made in this way, and if you understand this one you will understand them all.

The true length of the tropical year is not 365.25 days,
but 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 45.5 seconds, leaving a
difference of 11 minutes and 14.5 seconds by which the Julian year is
too long. This amounts to a little more than 3 days in 400 years.

Pope Gregory, therefore, under the advice of the
distinguished astronomer Clavius, ordered that the calendar should be
corrected by dropping ten days, so that the day following October 4,
1582, should be called the fifteenth instead of the fifth; and further,
to prevent any future displacement of the equinox, he decreed that
thereafter only such century years should be leap years as are divisible
by 400.

Present differences of the two calendars is thirteen, and will remain so
until the year 2100.

May 12, 1886, according to the Julian calendar would be May 25, 1886,
according to the Gregorian calendar.

Aspects of the planets to the MC, ASC, and Part of
Fortune are calculated in the usual way, an orb of 6 degrees being
allowed. For the Dragon's Head and Tail, ONLY THE CONJUNCTION IS
CONSIDERED, and an orb of only 3 degrees is allowed. Students are
requested to place these in their respective places on the Data Sheet
for this and all future lessons. Aspects to the ASC, which represents
the body, have an influence upon the health. Aspects to the MC indicate
the nature of one's opportunities for spiritual advancement.

The declination of the planets should be copied
directly from the ephemeris for the day having noon nearest G.M.T., with
the exception of the Moon, which requires a logarithmic correction in
accordance with the G.M.T. Correction is made by the same method used in
obtaining the Moon's longitude. if the declination of the Moon be less
on the coming day than on previous day, treat as a retrograde planet.

Example, Lesson 20:

Declination of the Moon on Sept. 15th:

20.33

Declination of the Moon on Sept. 14th:

-15.25

5.08

The logarithm for 5.08 is 6698. This added to the
permanent log., 6812, equals 1.3510. This converted into time equals 1°
4'. Subtract from 20.33 and the result is 19.29, declination of Moon. An
orb of 1 1/2 degrees is allowed for parallels.

To find the declination of the Part of Fortune,
Ascendant, or Midheaven, first take the longitude as shown in the chart.
Then find the date (same year preferred) that the Sun was in the same
degree (or nearest that degree) and sign. Note the date and see the
declination of the Sun on that date. That represents the declination of
the point in question. For example, let us use the chart for Lesson 20.
We find the ASC in Leo 9 degrees and 2 minutes. We take our ephemeris
for that year and find the date the Sun was in that degree (or nearest
that degree), which is August 1st. (When the Sun is in Leo, we know it
must be between July 23rd and August 23rd.) Now in the column of
declinations of planets, on August 1st, we see the Sun's declination is
18-04. This represents the declination of the ASC. The same rule applies
to the other planets.