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The Emphases in Common Core Standards for Mathematical Content Grades K-8 describes content emphases in the standards for each grade. These are provided because curriculum, instruction and assessment at each grade must reflect the focus and emphasis of the standards.

Not all of the content in a given grade is emphasized equally in the standards. The list of content standards for each grade is not a flat, one‐dimensional checklist; this is by design. There are sometimes strong differences of emphasis even within a single domain. Some clusters require greater emphasis than the others based on the depth of the ideas, the time that they take to master, and/or their importance to future mathematics or the demands of college and career readiness. In addition, an intense focus on the most critical material at each grade allows depth in learning, which is carried out through the Standards for Mathematical Practice. Without such focus, attention to the practices would be difficult and unrealistic, as would best practices like formative assessment.

Therefore, to make relative emphases in the standards more transparent and useful, the NY Math Emphases designate clusters as Major, Additional and Supporting for the grade in question.

Major clusters –areas of intensive focus, where students need fluent understanding and application of the core concepts (approximately 75%).

Supporting clusters –rethinking and linking; areas where some material is being covered, but in a way that applies core understandings (approximately 20%).

Additional Clusters –expose students to other subjects, though at a distinct, level of depth and intensity (approximately 10%).