Underwater

Extent

Three quarters of the planet Earth is covered by water. A majority of the planet's solid surface is abyssal plain, at depths between 4,000 and 5,500 metres (13,100 and 18,000ft) below the surface of the oceans. The solid surface location on the planet closest to the centre of the orb is the Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench at a depth of 10,924 metres (35,840ft). Although a number of human activities are conducted underwater—such as research, scuba diving for work or recreation, or even underwater warfare with submarines, this very extensive environment on planet Earth is hostile to humans in many ways and therefore little explored. But it can be explored by sonar, or more directly via manned or autonomous submersibles. The ocean floors have been surveyed via sonar to at least a coarse resolution; particularly-strategic areas have been mapped in detail, in the name of detecting enemy submarines, or aiding friendly ones, though the resulting maps may still be classified.

Underwater!

Plot synopsis

Johnny (Richard Egan) and his wife Theresa (Jane Russell), along with mercenary Dominic Quesada (Gilbert Roland), priest Father Cannon (Robert Keith) and Gloria (Lori Nelson), the boat owner, search for sunken treasure in the Caribbean. While on a dive they come across a wreck that they assume holds treasure. When they resurface they are confronted by a local boat with an unhealthy curiosity in their activities. In their effort to find funding to raise the wreck they discover that what they are looking for is a 17th-century ship that contains a life size solid gold Madonna encrusted in precious gems and that it lies in a different underwater location. And so, they set about to acquire it. However, it's on the edge of a precipice in shark infested waters and they are not the only ones after it.

Song

The album version of the song has a slow, ambient arrangement focused primarily on strings performances. Like nearly all Delerium singles to date since "Silence", the single release put greater emphasis on a number of tranceremixes commissioned by Nettwerk Music Group in order to promote the song through club play.

The music video for the song was directed by directors collective Twobigeyes. It was aired in two different edits, which were set to the Above & Beyond remix (the more common version) and the Rank 1 remix.

Submarine hull

A light hull (casing in British usage) of a submarine is the outer non-watertight hull which provides a hydrodynamically efficient shape. The pressure hull is the inner hull of a submarine; this holds the difference between outside and inside pressure.

Submarine hull

Modern submarines are usually cigar-shaped. This design, already visible on very early submarines is called a "teardrop hull", and was patterned after the bodies of whales. It significantly reduces the hydrodynamic drag on the sub when submerged, but decreases the sea-keeping capabilities and increases the drag while surfaced.

History

The concept of an outer hydrodynamically streamlined light hull separated from the inner pressure hull was first introduced in the early pioneering submarine Ictineo I designed by the Catalan inventor Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol in 1859. However, when military submarines entered service in the early 1900s, the limitations of their propulsion systems forced them to operate on the surface most of the time; their hull designs were a compromise, with the outer hulls resembling a ship, allowing for good surface navigation, and a relatively streamlined superstructure to minimize drag under water. Because of the slow submerged speeds of these submarines, usually well below 10 knots (19km/h), the increased drag for underwater travel by the conventional ship like outer hull was considered acceptable. Only late in World War II, when technology enhancements allowed faster and longer submerged operations and increased surveillance by enemy aircraft forced submarines to spend most of their times below the surface, did hull designs become teardrop shaped again, to reduce drag and noise. On modern military submarines the outer hull (and sometimes also the propeller) is covered with a thick layer of special sound-absorbing rubber, or anechoic plating, to make the submarine more difficult to detect by active and passive SONAR.

With its large percentage of civil servants, the riding was a Liberal stronghold for almost a century, and the safest Liberal riding in the province outside Greater Montreal. Even when the rest of the province was turning its back on the Liberals, they survived in Hull—Aylmer in 1984, 2004 and 2006. In 2008, however, it was the only riding in Canada where four candidates received over 15% of the vote, and was the only riding in Quebec outside of the Montreal area the Liberals managed to win. In a major turnaround during the 2011 elections, however, the New Democratic Party won the riding as part of its sweep of the Outaouais. This was the first time the Liberals have lost the riding in an election; the only other time it was out of Liberal hands was from 1990 to 1993, when Gilles Rocheleau crossed the floor to the Bloc Québécois. The winner of that election, Nycole Turmel, was the interim leader of the NDP from July 28, 2011 until March 24, 2012, following the death of NDP leader Jack Layton.