1618.Musicae Compendium. A treatise on music theory and the aesthetics of music written for Descartes’ early collaborator, Isaac Beeckman (first posthumous edition 1650).

1626–1628.Regulae ad directionem ingenii(Rules for the Direction of the Mind). Incomplete. First published posthumously in Dutch translation in 1684 and in the original Latin at Amsterdam in 1701 (R. Des-Cartes Opuscula Posthuma Physica et Mathematica). The best critical edition, which includes the Dutch translation of 1684, is edited by Giovanni Crapulli (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966).

1630–1633.Le Monde(The World) andL’Homme(Man). Descartes’ first systematic presentation of his natural philosophy.Manwas published posthumously in Latin translation in 1662; andThe Worldposthumously in 1664.

1637.Discours de la méthode(Discourse on the Method). An introduction to theEssais, which include theDioptrique, theMétéoresand theGéométrie.

1637.La Géométrie(Geometry). Descartes’ major work in mathematics. There is an English translation by Michael Mahoney (New York: Dover, 1979).

1641.Meditationes de prima philosophia(Meditations on First Philosophy), also known asMetaphysical Meditations. In Latin; a second edition, published the following year, included an additional objection and reply, and aLetter to Dinet. A French translation by the Duke of Luynes, probably done without Descartes’ supervision, was published in 1647. Includes sixObjections and Replies.

1644.Principia philosophiae(Principles of Philosophy), a Latin textbook at first intended by Descartes to replace the Aristotelian textbooks then used in universities. A French translation,Principes de philosophieby Claude Picot, under the supervision of Descartes, appeared in 1647 with a letter-preface to Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia.

1647.Notae in programma(Comments on a Certain Broadsheet). A reply to Descartes’ one-time disciple Henricus Regius.

1648.Responsiones Renati Des Cartes…(Conversation with Burman). Notes on a Q&A session between Descartes and Frans Burman on 16 April 1648. Rediscovered in 1895 and published for the first time in 1896. An annotated bilingual edition (Latin with French translation), edited by Jean-Marie Beyssade, was published in 1981 (Paris: PUF).

1657.Correspondance(three volumes: 1657, 1659, 1667). Published by Descartes’ literary executorClaude Clerselier. The third edition, in 1667, was the most complete; Clerselier omitted, however, much of the material pertaining to mathematics.

In January 2010, a previously unknown letter from Descartes, dated 27 May 1641, was found by the Dutch philosopher Erik-Jan Bos when browsing throughGoogle. Bos found the letter mentioned in a summary of autographs kept byHaverford CollegeinHaverford, Pennsylvania. The College was unaware that the letter had never been published. This was the third letter by Descartes found in the last 25 years.

(1695)The Reasonableness of Christianity, as Delivered in the Scriptures

(1695)A Vindication of the Reasonableness of Christianity

Major posthumous manuscripts

(1660)First Tract of Government(orthe English Tract)

(c.1662)Second Tract of Government(orthe Latin Tract)

(1664)Questions Concerning the Law of Nature(definitive Latin text, with facing accurate English trans. in Robert Horwitz et al., eds., John Locke,Questions Concerning the Law of Nature, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990).

A Kind of History of My Life(1734) Mss 23159National Library of Scotland.[221]A letter to an unnamed physician, asking for advice about “the Disease of the Learned” that then afflicted him. Here he reports that at the age of eighteen “there seem’d to be open’d up to me a new Scene of Thought” that made him “throw up every other Pleasure or Business” and turned him to scholarship.[222]

A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to introduce the experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects(1739–40). Hume intended to see whether theTreatise of Human Naturemet with success, and if so to complete it with books devoted to Politics and Criticism. However, it did not meet with success. As Hume himself said, “It felldead-born from the press, without reaching such distinction as even to excite a murmur among the zealots”[22]and so was not completed.

An Abstract of a Book lately Published: Entitled A Treatise of Human Nature etc. (1740) Anonymously published, but almost certainly written by Hume[223]in an attempt to popularise hisTreatise. Of considerable philosophical interest, because it spells out what he considered “The Chief Argument” of theTreatise, in a way that seems to anticipate the structure of theEnquiry concerning Human Understanding.

Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary(first ed. 1741–2) A collection of pieces written and published over many years, though most were collected together in 1753–4. Many of the essays are focused on topics in politics and economics, though they also range over questions ofaesthetic judgement, love, marriage and polygamy, and the demographics of ancient Greece and Rome, to name just a few of the topics considered. The Essays show some influence fromAddison‘sTatlerandThe Spectator, which Hume read avidly in his youth.

A Letter from a Gentleman to His Friend in Edinburgh: Containing Some Observations on a Specimen of the Principles concerning Religion and Morality, said to be maintain’d in a Book lately publish’d, intituled A Treatise of Human Nature etc. Edinburgh (1745). Contains a letter written by Hume to defend himself against charges of atheism and scepticism, while applying for a chair at Edinburgh University.

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding(1748) Contains reworking of the main points of theTreatise, Book 1, with the addition of material on free will (adapted from Book 2), miracles, the Design Argument, and mitigated scepticism.Of Miracles, section X of theEnquiry, was often published separately.

Political Discourses, (part II ofEssays, Moral, Political, and Literarywithin vol. 1 of the largerEssays and Treatises on Several Subjects) Edinburgh (1752). Included inEssays and Treatises on Several Subjects(1753–56) reprinted 1758–77.

Four DissertationsLondon (1757). Included in reprints ofEssays and Treatises on Several Subjects(above).

The History of England(Sometimes referred to asThe History of Great Britain) (1754–62) More a category of books than a single work, Hume’s history spanned “from the invasion of Julius Caesar to the Revolution of 1688” and went through over 100 editions. Many considered itthestandard history of England in its day.

“Sister Peg” (1760) Hume claimed to have authored an anonymous political pamphlet satirizing the failure of the British Parliament to create a Scottish militia in 1760. Although the authorship of the work is disputed, Hume wrote Dr. Alexander Carlyle in early 1761 claiming authorship. The readership of the time attributed the work toAdam Ferguson, a friend and associate of Hume’s who has been sometimes called “the founder of modern sociology.” Some contemporary scholars concur in the judgment that Ferguson, not Hume, was the author of this work.

“My Own Life” (1776) Penned in April, shortly before his death, this autobiography was intended for inclusion in a new edition ofEssays and Treatises on Several Subjects. It was first published by Adam Smith who claimed that by doing so he had incurred “ten times more abuse than the very violent attack I had made upon the whole commercial system of Great Britain.”[225]

Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion(1779) Published posthumously by his nephew, David Hume the Younger. Being a discussion among three fictional characters concerning the nature of God, and is an important portrayal of the argument from design. Despite some controversy, most scholars agree that the view of Philo, the most sceptical of the three, comes closest to Hume’s own.

The Political writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, edited from the original MCS and authentic editions with introduction and notes by C.E.Vaughan, Blackwell, Oxford, 1962. (In French but the introduction and notes are in English).

The back of No. 19, York Street (1848). In 1651John Miltonmoved into a “pretty garden-house” inPetty France. He lived there until theRestoration. Later it became No. 19 York Street, belonged to Jeremy Bentham (who for a time lived next door), was occupied successively byJames MillandWilliam Hazlitt, and finally demolished in 1877.[67][68]

Bentham, Jeremy (1776).A fragment on government.Wikisource.This was an unsparing criticism of some introductory passages relating to political theory inWilliam Blackstone‘sCommentaries on the Laws of England. The book, published anonymously, was well received and credited to some of the greatest minds of the time. Bentham disagreed with Blackstone’s defence of judge-made law, his defence of legal fictions, his theological formulation of the doctrine of mixed government, his appeal to a social contract and his use of the vocabulary of natural law. Bentham’s “Fragment” was only a small part of aCommentary on the Commentaries, which remained unpublished until the twentieth century.

Panopticon versus New South Wales: or, the Panopticon Penitentiary System, Compared. Containing, 1. Two Letters to Lord Pelham, Secretary of State, Comparing the two Systems on the Ground of Expediency. 2. Plea for the Constitution: Representing the Illegalities involved in the Penal Colonization System. Anno 1803, printed: now first published(1812)

Hegel published four works during his lifetime: (1)The Phenomenology of Spirit(orThe Phenomenology of Mind), his account of the evolution of consciousness from sense-perception to absolute knowledge, published in 1807.

(2)Science of Logic, the logical andmetaphysicalcore of his philosophy, in three volumes (1812, 1813 and 1816, respectively), with a revised first volume published in 1831.

During the last ten years of his life, Hegel did not publish another book, but thoroughly revised theEncyclopedia(second edition, 1827; third, 1830).[59]In his political philosophy, he criticizedKarl Ludwig von Haller‘s reactionary work, which claimed that laws were not necessary. He also published some articles early in his career and during his Berlin period. A number of other works on thephilosophy of history,religion,aestheticsand thehistory of philosophywere compiled from the lecture notes of his students and published posthumously.

Comte, A;Martineau, H.(tr.);The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte; 2 volumes; Chapman, 1853 (reissued byCambridge University Press, 2009;ISBN978-1-108-00118-2) (but note that C.U.P. say “Martineau’s abridged and more easily digestible version of Comte’s work was intended to be readily accessible to a wide general readership, particularly those she felt to be morally and intellectually adrift”, so this is not really Comte’s own writings)

WhenErnest Renanpublished hisEssais philosophiques, he clearly stated in their preface that all of them were the result of dialogues between his friend Comte and him, with an impossibility to remember who of them said, developed or modified what.

Religion in the Making. New York: Macmillan Company, 1926. Based on the 1926Lowell Lectures.

Symbolism, Its Meaning and Effect. New York: Macmillan Co., 1927. Based on the 1927 Barbour-Page Lectures delivered at the University of Virginia.

Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology. New York: Macmillan Company, 1929. Based on the 1927–28Gifford Lecturesdelivered at the University of Edinburgh. The 1978 Free Press “corrected edition” edited byDavid Ray Griffinand Donald W. Sherburne corrects many errors in both the British and American editions, and also provides a comprehensive index.

The Aims of Education and Other Essays. New York: Macmillan Company, 1929.

The Function of Reason. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1929. Based on the March 1929 Louis Clark Vanuxem Foundation Lectures delivered at Princeton University.

Adventures of Ideas. New York: Macmillan Company, 1933. Also published by Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1933.

In addition, theWhitehead Research Projectof theCenter for Process Studiesis currently working on a critical edition of Whitehead’s writings, which is set to include notes taken by Whitehead’s students during his Harvard classes, correspondence, and corrected editions of his books.[45]

1969.Dear Bertrand Russell… A Selection of his Correspondence with the General Public 1950–1968, edited by Barry Feinberg and Ronald Kasrils. London: George Allen and Unwin.

Russell was the author of more than sixty books and over two thousand articles.[201][202]Additionally, he wrote many pamphlets, introductions, and letters to the editor. One pamphlet titled, ‘I Appeal unto Caesar’: The Case of the Conscientious Objectors, ghostwritten for Margaret Hobhouse, the mother of imprisoned peace activistStephen Hobhouse, allegedly helped secure the release from prison of hundreds ofconscientious objectors.[203]

His works can be found in anthologies and collections, includingThe Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, whichMcMaster Universitybegan publishing in 1983. By March 2017 this collection of his shorter and previously unpublished works included 18 volumes,[204]and several more are in progress. A bibliography in three additional volumes catalogues his publications. The Russell Archives held by McMaster’sWilliam Ready Division of Archives and Research Collectionspossess over 40,000 of his letters.[205]

Wittgensteins Nachlass. The Bergen Electronic Edition: The collection includes all of Wittgenstein’s unpublished manuscripts, typescripts, dictations, and most of his notebooks. The Nachlass was catalogued by G. H. von Wright in hisThe Wittgenstein Papers, first published in 1969, and later updated and included as a chapter with the same title in his book Wittgenstein, published by Blackwell (and by the University of Minnesota Press in the U.S.) in 1982.

Review of P. Coffey’sScience of Logic(1913): a polemical book review, written in 1912 for the March 1913 issue ofThe Cambridge Reviewwhen Wittgenstein was an undergraduate studying with Russell. The review is the earliest public record of Wittgenstein’s philosophical views.

1973.Tragic Wisdom and Beyond.Stephen Jolin and Peter McCormick, trans. Publication of the Northwestern University Studies in Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy, ed.John Wild. Northwestern University Press.

1998.Gabriel Marcel’s Perspectives on The Broken World: The Broken World, a Four-Act Play, Followed by Concrete Approaches to Investigating the Ontological Mystery.Katharine Rose Hanley, trans. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.

2008.A Path to Peace: Fresh Hope for the World. Dramatic Explorations: Five Plays by Gabriel Marcel: The Heart of Others/Dot the I/The Double Expertise/The Lantern/Colombyre or The Torch of Peace.Katharine Rose Hanley, trans. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.

The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism, 1988. Note: The authorship ofThe Fatal Conceitis under scholarly dispute.[167]The book in its published form may actually have been written entirely by its editorW.W. Bartley, III, not by Hayek.[168]

The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge, 1930–33 (as a typescript circulating asDie beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnistheorie; as a German book 1979, as English translation 2008),ISBN0-415-39431-7

Knowledge and the Mind-Body Problem: In Defence of Interaction(edited by Mark Amadeus Notturno) 1994ISBN0-415-11504-3

The World of Parmenides, Essays on the Presocratic Enlightenment, 1998, (Edited by Arne F. Petersen with the assistance of Jørgen Mejer),ISBN0-415-17301-9

After The Open Society, 2008. (Edited by Jeremy Shearmur and Piers Norris Turner, this volume contains a large number of Popper’s previously unpublished or uncollected writings on political and social themes.)ISBN978-0-415-30908-0

Frühe Schriften, 2006 (Edited by Troels Eggers Hansen, includes Popper’s writings and publications from before theLogic, including his previously unpublished thesis, dissertation and journal articles published that relate to the Wiener Schulreform)ISBN978-3-16-147632-7

Apart from earlier editions ofKarl MarxandThe Hedgehog and the Fox, andUnfinished Dialogue, all books listed from 1978 onwards are edited (or, where stated, co-edited) by Henry Hardy, and all butKarl Marxare compilations or transcripts of lectures, essays, and letters. Details given are of first and latest UK editions, and current US editions. Most titles are also available as e-books. The 11 titles marked with a ‘+’ are available in the US market in revised editions fromPrinceton University Press, with additional material by Berlin, and (except in the case ofKarl Marx) new forewords by contemporary authors; the 5th edition ofKarl Marxis also available in the UK.

Political and Social Essays, ed. David Stewart and Joseph Bien, trans. Donald Stewartet al.Athens: Ohio University Press, 1974.

The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies of the Creation of Meaning in Language, trans. Robert Czerny with Kathleen McLaughlin and John Costello, S. J., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1978 (1975).