NOTES: Underrepresented minorities include blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities, excluding those employed part time who are students or retired. Institutions designated by 2005 Carnegie classification code. For information on these institutional categories, see The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/index.php.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 2008 Survey of Doctorate Recipients.