Facial Neuropathology of Traumatic Origin
Injuries to sensory nerves of the maxillofacial region occasionally occur as the result of facial fractures, during the treatment of oral pathologic conditions, or when maxillofacial reconstructive surgery is performed. Fortunately most injured nerves spontaneously recover, However, in the past little was done to treat persistent sensory nerve disorders. Recent advance

Implant Osseolnteqretion
The discovery ofosseotntegranon in the 1960s forced a reexamination of traditional concepts of wound healing. Before acceptance of these findings it was thought that the body would eventually expel any foreign mate.
rial placed through an epithelial surface. This would occur as the epithelium bordering the foreign material migrated down along the interface with the foreign material, fi

Bone Healing
The events that occur during normal wound healing of soft-tissue injuries (e.g., inflammation, fibroplasia, remodeling) also take place during the repair of an injured bone. However, in contrast to soft tissues, osteoblasts and osteoclasts are also involved to reconstitute and remodel the damaged ossified tissue.
Osteogenic cells (osteoblasts) important to bone healing are derived from the follow

Healing of Extraction Sockets
The removal of a tooth inltlates the same sequence of inflammation, epithelialization, fibroplasia,’ and remodeling seen in prototypic skin or mucosal wounds. As previously mentioned, sockets heal by secondary intention, and many months must pass before a socket heals to the
degree to which it becomes difficult to distinguish from the surrounding bone when viewed radiographi

Healing by Primary and Secondary Intention
Clinicians use the terms primary intention and secondary intention to describe the two basic methods of wound healing. In healing by primary intention, the edges of a wound in which there is no tissue loss are placed and stabilized in essentially the same anatomic position they held before injury and are allowed to heal. Wound repair then occurs with minimal scar tis

SURGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF WOUND HEALING CONCEPTS
The surgeon can create conditions that either augment or impede the natural wound repair process. Adherence, to surgical principies (see Chapter 3) facilitates optimal wound healing, with reestablishment of tissue continuity,
minimization of scar Size, and restoration of function. It should be remembered that no wound in skin, oral mucosa, or muscle heals without

Stages of Wound Healing
Regardless of the cause of nonepithelial tissue .injury, a stereotyptc process is initiated that, if able’ to proceed unimpeded, works to restore tissue integrity. This process into basic stages that, although not mutually exclusive, take place in this sequence. These three basic stages are (1) inflammatory, (2) fibroplastic, and (3) remodeling. Inflammatory stage. The inflammato