TermsCritical/criticism – Pay careful attention to a text, can be either positive or negative, not taking things at face value, What is being assumed? What are the consequences?; a critical approach to communication is an approach that asks questions in order to understand communication from different methods and perspectives Rhetoric – The strategic use of symbols, implies there is an audience and intent, inseparable from substance, the way that we put words together, reflects specific choices toward a specific audience and purpose Text – Speech, essay, novel, movie, song, TV show, ad in print or broadcast media, building, photography, dialogue, stadium, sport, event; at first speeches were the only text studied, communication artifact that we can study, a range of things can be considered texts Soundness of reasoning – Must be truth and valid

Chiasmus – A reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases that creates new meaning (Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country) Assonance – Repetition of vowel sounds (Indiana is incredible) Alliteration – Repetition of consonant sounds (Coca-Cola Classic) Dialogue/dialectic (from Plato) – Dialogue: literary form where different people are talking, dialectic: two people working toward the truth, the general idea of dialogue Enthymeme (from Aristotle) – A syllogism that requires you to know something to understand the part that is left out, Aristotle wrote “On Rhetoric” because there wasn’t enough written about enthymemes Metaphor/tenor/vehicle – A metaphor is a simple sentence communicating a relationship between tenor and vehicle, ex. War is hell, tenor “sits” in the vehicle and it carries it along, metaphor structures our though processes, metaphor is not only an intentional figure of speech added to a message, metaphor is compact and vivid Invitational rhetoric – Correct violence in rhetoric with invitational rhetoric (the feminist alternative), a speaker shares the idea then invited interaction with audience then alters the idea to fit the audience, you keep rhetoric but less one-person and more of a collaborative effort, derivative of dialectic Form/information (from Burke) – Form: creation and satisfaction of an appetite in the reader/hearer, works in jokes, brings repeated enjoyment, sitcoms, music Information: relies more heavily on facts, once consumed is no longer interesting, reality TV, emails Rhetorical situation – The rhetorical situation is called into being by a set of circumstances 1. Exigency: some sort of defect or problem that rhetoric can speak to 2. Audience 3. Constraints: expectations, limitations Identification (4 specific types) - Associational: same interests, common ground, congregation; dissociational: same enemies, identification through antithesis, segregation; We transcendence: subtle and insidious, people behind you are a corporate we, people in front of you are the transcendent we; Unifying symbols: things, Ex. Purdue fight song Professor Clair's research (ethnography) - Characteristics of ethnography, goal is a “thick” description of the culture, researcher is immersed in the culture, researcher studies language, rituals, ceremonies, play, work, relationships Professor Dutta’s research (culture-centered approach to ethnography) – Key aspects; immerse yourself in a culture, be open to experiencing the cultures as members do, put yourself in the place of another, acknowledge you’re an outsider, people in the culture will always know better than me, involve cultural participants Goal: Solve problems by creating mutually meaningful solutions Professor Roberts’s research...

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...FINALEXAM STUDYGUIDELINE
1. What are phagocytes? White blood cells that can ingest and destroy antigens.
2. When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood sugar glucose it… Releases the insulin hormone
3. In what organ does the digestion process begin? Mouth
4. What is the function of the pyloric sphincter? Prevents the contents of the small intestine from backing up into the stomach.
5. What is peristalsis All of the above statements...

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FinalExamStudyGuide
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Week One: Let’s Get Real and...

...QNT/561 Final Examination StudyGuide
This studyguide will prepare you for the Final Examination you will complete in the final week. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. In addition, refer to each week’s readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination.
Week One: Descriptive...