Thursday, May 09, 2013

Tomb Raider (2013): Surviving a Tutorial

I started to play the new Tomb Raider recently and as I already
knew the first hour or so is a series of non-ending QTEs. And as I already knew
too, the brand new Lara Croft is represented as vulnerable and terrified as opposed
to our usual invincible arrogant hero. What I didn’t know, though (but should
have guessed), is that these two elements are quite contradictory: simply put, a
hand-holding, heavily scripted, QTEfest’s tutorial does not convey, at all,
vulnerability and terror. There was not one moment during that whole sequence
where I felt vulnerable because everything was so scripted and pre-determined that
nothing seemed threatening. At least not to me as a player: I was watching a
vulnerable character, yes, but I sure wasn’t playing one. In fact, the few
moments I was playing, in control of Lara, I was just like the usual invincible
confident hero I played before in every other third-person action game – I
mean, how can I fail at pressing W? I know where the W key is after all. Pressing
W for half-an-hour can feel meaningful when playing Proteus, because this minimalism suits the contemplative experience
the game offers, but it doesn’t work as well when you’re running to get out of
a cave which is falling around you: the triviality and impossible-to-fail
action of pressing W just doesn’t match the representation of chaos and
imminent threat on the screen.

The opening sequence
of Tomb Raider (the first twenty
minutes in particular) is as bad a case of ludonarrative dissonance as it can
get, cramming in as few minutes as possible all the biggest problems with how
AAA videogames envision interactive storytelling nowadays, which is a bit sad
because the intentions were good (I want to play a vulnerable character for a
change) and the writing is above average, for the most part, so let’s honor
this eloquent case study by taking it apart.

After the introductory cutscene, the
first moment of gameplay involves Lara tied up in a dark cave, head upside down.
Actually, this is quite an apt metaphor of how the player will feel for the
rest of the sequence, bound by his lack of agency, but I’m not sure it is the
kind of captivity Crystal Dynamics aimed to express. The metaphor doesn’t last
long anyway: cinema-Lara (I mean the Lara on screen and not the one I’m
playing) has to think her way through the situation and use her wits to regain
her freedom, but I don’t have to do any of this because some divine instinct
(the game calls it “survival instinct” but either way it’s only the Designer
showing the way) tells me that I need to press A and D to make the rope swing
back-and-forth. So, while cinema-Lara is trying to survive, improvising and
reacting to a dangerous environment, gameplay-Lara is merely following instructions
on the screen. I really can’t think of two more opposite experiences, and it’s
quite frustrating because normally the beginning of a game can feel like being
thrown on an unknown island of sort, since the player has to discover and
experiment how a new game works, how this unfamiliar virtual space behaves, but
a tutorial negates this feeling of exploration (Dark Souls this is not). You can’t feel vulnerable when
you’re told what to do at every moment, much less explore what’s already explained
for you.

This is a lesser problem, but I
still find it quite annoying: one of the lamest tricks in cinema are these
expository voice-overs explaining what’s already happening in the images, but
videogames have their equivalent with “obvious player’s objectives flashing on
the screen”. In Tomb Raider, it’s the
game telling me that I need to “find a way out”. Ok, so Lara wakes up hanging
from the ceiling, in a cave adorned with skulls and blood, with two other corpses
besides her: do the designers really think I can’t understand this setting? Do they
feel so unsure of their script that they need to explain it again in words? Even
if I feel insubordinate to the game’s fiction and decide to do some speleology
on my own, it’s not like the game will allow me to do any exploration anyway:
I’m trapped in an artificial hallway so I will follow whatever objectives the
designers have chosen for me, and whether it’s “get out” or “find a good motel”
doesn’t matter. I have no choice on the subject. When the narrative and/or the
level design are clear enough, why does the game need to repeat it in bold
white letters on the screen? (I know some players don’t watch cutscenes, but
these players probably don’t care about the objectives anyway, or else they
would watch the cutscenes, because that’s partly what they’re for, setting up
the next objective.) But I guess it still isn’t clear enough, or some players
are dumber than I can imagine, because the game proceeds to follow in the most
unimaginative way possible the famous rule-of-three* that reigns over
Hollywood, and Lara says, just in case, “I need to find a way out”. Oh, now I know
what to do: I need to find a way out! Here, the problem is not so much ludonarrative
dissonance but on the contrary an over-emphasis of the already obvious: when
your story or the environments are well defined, as it should be, the game
doesn’t need to reiterate, moreover in such an artificial way, the same information.

But, what’s worse yet, it’s not even
a real objective: I did not “find” my way out because I didn’t need to search
in the first place. Lara is supposed to feel lost, but how can I feel that way if I’m
stuck in a narrow corridor with only one way to go? All I can do is press W and
move forward (even the player's control over the camera is at time restricted). Again,
I was following instructions, the route that was designed for me; survival
seems pretty frivolous in the AAA world. And then, after pressing W some more,
and some wild variations of A and D, I “found” the exit, got out of the cave
and on the island proper. Freedom! A game! But no, alas, once you’re out, your
survival instinct takes over and control your gaze again so you’re sure to
see the wreckage on the island shore (and the title, obviously you want to know
which game you’re playing). But most importantly, it shows you the way forward,
in case you want to turn back and try to hopelessly force your way through the
wall behind you. Oh, what is there? A forest! That looks like something I can
get lost in… but no, it’s still a cramped one-way corridor, green and brown
instead of grey. Then I’m thinking: how lucky Lara is to find herself on an
unknown island made of one-way corridors! That sure is easier to find your way
around! I mean, that’s the kind of island I want to be shipwrecked on (well,
except for the blood-thirsty cultists).

Still, I appreciate the change of
scenery (I’m so tired of tutorial in caves or dungeons), so I try to move the
camera a bit, because the decor is quite impressive and I want to take the time to… but no, not now, my
survival instinct is still stronger than my natural curiosity and it takes
control of my eyes again, because it wants to make sure that I won’t miss the big remains of
the boat standing in front of Lara, taking half of the frame. You know, there’s
no way I could have missed that boat because this is the only way forward, the
only path I could have take, and the boat stands just after a corner, so the
moment Lara turns that corner, the boat will appear on the screen no matter
what, so why does the designer need to control the camera at that moment? Does
he worry that the player will direct the camera at the road, fearing to walk in
a pool of mud, and somehow miss the boat? Turn around and go back towards an already
established dead-end? A designer taking control of the camera makes sense when
he thinks that a player could miss vital information in the environment, but
when the player has no choice but to go towards that vital information, I think
you can trust that he will stumble upon it by himself at some point.

The game opens up a bit after that boat, the QTEs and corridors mostly disappear, but some of the problems
remain. Notably, the shooting mechanics are so smooth and refined that they
don’t express Lara’s reluctance to kill. Her bow, in particular, is really
enjoyable, and it feels great to hunt those deer at the beginning and
later to silently align head-shots with it, but this is not how cinema-Lara is depicted. She’s not supposed to feel good while killing that deer, even less be
entertained when she kills men later on (not at the point I’m at anyway). Tomb Raider is too good a shooter for its
own good: the game takes the same mechanics that were designed for games with
all those arrogant indestructible soldiers proficiently shooting people in the
face with a smile on their lips, polishes them and then expects to tell a story
about an inexperienced archeologist who unwillingly uses violence and shivers
every time she kills someone. I’m only two hours in now, and I know Lara is
supposed to become more powerful and confident, or that she will discover some inner strength that was in her all along,
so maybe at that point the shooting mechanics will make sense, but for now,
they sure feel inappropriate.

It reminds me of the state of
Hollywood nowadays, and what film scholar David Bordwell calls “intensified continuity”: most modern movies are shot the
same way, a barrage of close-up with extremely fast editing (a shot last 2 to 4
seconds on average). It doesn’t matter whether it’s an action movie, a romantic
comedy or a thriller: the same aesthetic is used in every scene of every movie. This
visual style can be meaningful on occasion (the Social Networkis a
masterpiece of intensified continuity) but a good director should adapt his mise en scène to outline the
particularities and subtexts of each of his scenes. Filming everything the same
way is inconsequential and the particular expressiveness of a fast close-up
gets lost if there’s no more contrast with some longer medium shots. The same
can be said about gameplay: in Tomb
Raider the shooting mechanics should evolve throughout the game and follow
the character’s arc. Without this contrast, within the game itself and with
other similar games, the possible meaning of the gameplay disappears.

Or, like John Teti wrote at Gameological:
“Tomb Raider treats game design as a commodity rather than a venue for
expression—“game-ness” is merely a thing that is bolted onto a preconceived
experience.” In other words, the gameplay of Tomb Raider isn’t meant to be expressive
or meaningful, only to be “fun”, even if this “fun” is contradictory with the
fiction. Just like the intensified continuity of blockbusters is for the most
part meaningless (and often incoherent) because ultimately only the flamboyance of the
spectacle matters, the gameplay of Tomb
Raider isinsignificant and doesn’t
care about the story it tries to tell. Gameplay becomes a mere obligatory way
to pass time (it’s a game after all) between each set pieces that are the core
of the “experience” envision by the designers.

Just to be
clear: I’m not asking for a simulation of survival and vulnerability. I'm well aware that gameplay
is not a 1:1 simulation of reality; it’s an abstraction, a system that tries to
express a particular emotion, feeling, idea, etc. But at the very least,
gameplay and fiction should work in conjunction, help each other to tell the
same story, not repeat or contradict themselves. A game must adapt its mechanics
to its fiction. And so far, for a game that’s mostly about survival, Tomb Raider feels
pretty familiar and comfortable.

*Screenwriting guides often insist
on the importance of this rule: essential information in a movie has to be repeated three
times to make sure that every spectator will understand it. A good director will
find a way to present the same information in three different ways (a gesture, a
close-up on an object, a dialogue, an expressive cut, etc.), or offer some variations of it, but more often
than not it makes dialogue looks like this: “John, do you see the dust over
there? I think Indians are coming.” “Sorry, what did you just say, Paul?
Indians are coming?” “Yeah, John, that’s what I said, Indians sure are coming this
way.”

About Me

I write for a film magazine in Montreal, Séquences, and I recently began a passionate relationship with videogames. I'm first and foremost a film lover, but in the last year my passion towards movies began to weaken, while my love of games continued to grow. I wrote a lot in the last four years about cinema, in French, at first on my own blog and then for the magazine I'm still working for, but now I'm obsessed with games, mainly with their potential as a possible art form, so I needed a new private virtual space, away from cinema and closer to games, where I can write about the interrelations between these two mediums, especially in terms of images, while continuing to explore in this new direction my usual obsessions (nature of art, criticism, a bit of philosophy). Writing in English is a first for me, and although I'm quite familiar with this language, I'm still insecure when it comes to writing, so my grammar and syntax aren't, for now, as good as I would like. Like all blog, this one is a work in progress, and I hope my writing skills will improve with time, so I can erase as soon as possible that part of my presentation...