The
demand for automobile energy efficiency and higher emission standards
encourages the development of modern engines and drive trains that have lower
frictional losses at various contact surfaces. One solution for reducing such
frictional losses is to add texture modifications to engine/drive train
surfaces that come in contact with one another during operation. However,
previous texture-adding techniques have proved to be technically or
economically inadequate for automobile engine/driving train operating
conditions.

GW
researchers have developed technologies for adding unique geometries and
materials onto engine/drive train surfaces. Here, these unique geometries and
materials change engine surface texture and reduce engine/drive train friction.
For example, dimples of varying geometrics and depth can be applied to surfaces
of engine components. Furthermore, GW researchers also developed new
fabrication techniques for adding such textures onto engine surfaces. One technique
is to apply a patterned soft mask onto a large surface (flat or curved
including cylindrical rollers surfaces) to be followed by electrochemical
etching to imprint the textures onto component surfaces. In addition, a diamond-like-carbon
(DLC) film may be applied to the engine turbine component surfaces to reduce
friction.