Photographing highly reflective products like glass, gems and metals can be as easy as photographing non-reflective products if you know how to shape and control light.

In this tutorial, we will demonstrate:

Backlighting

Side lighting

Double overhead lighting

We will use different products to demonstrate how to correctly light reflective objects and improve your product images to boost your sales.

1) Backlighting: Photographing Clear or Colored Glass

There are a few different ways to photograph glass, but the most flattering and visually striking method is to light a glass product from behind.

This simple technique is called “backlighting,” and it will flatter any glass product by taking advantage of translucency to give your product that pleasing “crystal clear” appearance.

Studio Setup

You will need a decently sized shooting area to create a backlighting setup, especially since you will be handling a fragile product.

Do your best to safety-proof your studio by taping down light cords, and make sure to use a sturdy table or platform to elevate your product in accordance with your light source.

Here’s how to set it all up:

Position your light source behind the product so that the brightest area of light shines directly through the glass and emphasizes the natural outer lines and curves of each piece. If you have trouble leveling the light and the product, try lowering your light or elevating your product with a block.

Next, you need to “diffuse,” or soften, the light source with an umbrella and/or several layers of rolled paper or thin white fabric. Position the white paper or fabric between the product and the light and supplement that by placing white foam board under the product and to both sides.

The foam board will help to reflect light back onto the product and cause it to wrap around the subject softly.

We suggest adding an additional piece of white paper or fabric on top of the setup in order to reflect light onto the subject from above as well.

Think of this “box” lighting setup as trying to imitate soft window light — you want the light to wrap around your subject evenly without creating harsh “white spots” or distracting reflections.

For bolder outlines and colors, try using black foam boards to either side of your product. This will saturate your colors and emphasize the edges of your glassware.

In the image series below, you can see the differences between:

using no foam boards on the sides

using whiteboards

using black boards

using black boards pulled in tightly next to the product.

Most notably, you will see that the outer black line of the vase gradually becomes more defined as foam boards are added, darkened and moved in closer.

In order of photo: No boards, White boards, Black boards, Black boards in closer

You will also need a tripod to keep images of different products consistent from frame to frame. Make sure to align your tripod to level it exactly with the product to get an accurate perspective of your product.

Finally, before you begin adjusting your camera settings and shooting photos, double check that your product has been cleaned with glass cleaner and is free of dust and smudges. This will help to make your post-production editing even faster.

Camera Settings

Adjust your white balance using your camera’s internal shooting menu according to the style of lighting implemented in your setup.

In this tutorial we will be using strobe lighting, so we have set our camera’s white balance to the flash setting to compensate for the blue cast of the strobe’s bulb.

When in doubt, use your automatic white balance setting.

You will be focusing on one of the outer parts of your glassware because your camera’s autofocusing system needs a defined object to focus on.

Choose some element of your subject that is noticeable and will be easy for your camera to recognize. In our example, we have focused on the bottom edge of the vase since it is darker and more apparent.

We recommend shooting in Manual mode, which will allow you to have total control of how your camera interprets light and records your images. You will want to set your aperture to f/11 or greater (like f/16) in order to capture as much detail as possible.

Similarly, use the lowest ISO (like ISO 100) setting possible to preserve the most detail and prevent unappealing grain that begins appearing in images captured at higher ISOs.

If you are using continuous light, you may choose to use your camera’s meter reading in the viewfinder to dictate your shutter speed.

However, since it is important to overexpose, or “blow out,” backgrounds in backlit images to properly expose your subject, you will probably need to adjust your shutter speed down one or two stops from what your camera’s light meter recommends.

See the image series below for an example.

In order of photo: Too much light, Perfect, Too little light

Don’t be afraid to take test shots and spend some time making small adjustments to your setup and camera settings in order to capture the best images possible and promote your products.

Post-Production Processing

Backlighting should blow out any imperfections on your glass product, which will greatly simplify your post-production workflow. If any spots or smudges are visible, clone them out. After that, work on desaturating and cleaning up your background to pure white.

These simple, quick touch-ups will make your images look much more professional.

The following images were shot with the same “box” backlighting setup that we demonstrated earlier in this tutorial, which you can see is flattering to each piece.

2) Side lighting: Photographing Detailed Glassy Products

Photographing glassware is easy because you’re able to overexpose the glass itself, but other reflective products like sunglasses and watches contain details that you cannot blow out with backlighting.

These types of products need to be lit differently so that customers will be able to see the full product that you are trying to sell.

Studio Setup

You will need a large table to set your product on and one large light diffused by an umbrella positioned to the left of your product.

Next, hang white rolled paper so that it sweeps down underneath your product; for best results, connect the end of the sweep to the bottom of your camera lens to reflect some light back onto the product and eliminate any foreground reflections.

Much like the “box” backlighting setup, you will need to place foam board next to the product on the side opposite from the light source, which can be either a continuous lamp or a strobe. It’s best to tape two pieces of foam board together into a “V” to funnel the reflected light around the product and achieve soft, even light.

The product photos below demonstrate both bad and good lighting techniques.

Bad. The reflections here will distract customers from the product and lower perceptions of its quality.

Good. Attaching white paper to the bottom of the camera lens allows for a more becoming reflection.

Left: Bad example of a watch. Right: Good example of a watch.

To achieve the effective lighting in the watch photo on the right, we moved our light source from direct side lighting to 45-degree side lighting so that the watch’s face would become brighter without causing a spot glare on the face.

You will also need to utilize a tripod with this setup to keep your image framing consistent.

Position your camera slightly higher than you would to light a backlit glass product so that you are shooting slightly down at your product. This will eliminate reflections and allow for a flattering angle of your product.

As always, make sure that your product has been cleaned thoroughly.

Camera Settings

As with the backlighting setup, you will need to adjust your white balance according to the type of lighting you are using (e.g. tungsten, fluorescent, daylight, etc.).

Focusing is easy with sunglasses and watches because these products contain more detail for your camera’s autofocus to lock onto. Focus on the center part of your object and use an aperture of at least f/11 to get the sharpest images.

With side lighting, it’s fine to simply follow the promptings of your camera’s light meter to set your shutter speed. If you’re having trouble finding the right settings, set your camera to Aperture Priority mode and your camera will optimize shutter speed for you.

Don’t forget to set your ISO to the lowest possible setting. If you’ve taken our advice to use a tripod, you should be able to use ISO 100 without a problem.

Post-Production Processing

Proper execution of the side lighting technique means that you should only need minimal post-production processing of your images.

Make sure your product is free from smudges and dust specks, the background is pure white with no shadows or spots, and the color of your product is accurate.

This is also the time to clone/heal any defects or damages to the sample you weren’t able to fix prior to shooting, such as hardware scratches and scuffs.

Don’t be afraid to select your product, place it on a white background, and add your own shadows if needed.

If you are going to sell your products in marketplaces like eBay or Amazon, make sure to comply with their image standards to get better results.

The images below were all shot using the side lighting technique.

3) Double Overhead Lighting: Photographing Metal Objects

Metallic objects are the most difficult to photograph due to their high reflectiveness.

With most metal objects, you are able to see all the surroundings on the object’s surface.

The following lighting technique should help you to successfully photograph smaller metal objects without those distracting reflections.

This two light setup looks complicated but can be broken down into easy steps.

Studio Setup

Place your object on a sturdy surface, such as a table or block, and position two large studio lights next to it, one on either side. Both lights should be diffused with umbrellas.

You will then need to hang a white sheet of rolled paper behind the product so that it sweeps underneath the product and attaches to the bottom of your camera lens. This will block any fall off reflections coming from the foreground and reflect more light back onto the subject.

No foam board is necessary for this setup, since you’ll be relying on two diffused lights to softly illuminate the product. Position your camera on its tripod so that you are shooting slightly down at the product, as with the side lighting setup.

We recommend using strobe lighting for metallic products because strobes allow for more lighting control, but continuous lighting will suffice. Whatever you decide, position your lights above your product to either side, angle them down at the product, and set them to the same power. This, along with the diffusing umbrellas, will help to evenly fill the frame with light without creating ugly bright spots on your product.

Before you begin shooting, make sure to wipe away any fingerprints or smudges you created on the product while positioning it in the shooting space. You can spot clean the product as you go, but if possible, wear gloves to eliminate this step.

As you can see below, ineffective lighting is very ineffective for metallic products, so mastering the two light setup is of paramount importance.

Do whatever it takes to eliminate ugly reflections like those in the images on the left and create the even, reflection-less lighting in the images on the right.

Camera Settings

Use a large aperture of f/11 or greater and a shutter speed that properly exposes your product according to the light meter in your camera’s viewfinder.

Set ISO as low as possible, preferably ISO 100, and focus on the center of the product to ensure that you get everything in focus.

Auto white balance usually works fine, but it is worthwhile to consider manually adjusting white balance according to the “warmth” of bulb used by your light sources.

Post-Production Processing

Post-production processing should be relatively straightforward.

Use healing and cloning tools to eliminate smudges, fingerprints, dust and other types of imperfections and damages to make your product look its best.

Pay special attention to color accuracy and, above all, make certain that your background is clean and white.

The images below were shot using double overhead lighting.

There are many ways to light reflective objects, but these three simple lighting setups can help your product images wow customers and stand out from the crowd.

Sometimes the post-production process can feel tedious and lengthy, especially if you feel that your product images need extensive work to look their best.

If you’re feeling overwhelmed, try outsourcing your post-production processing to a company like Pixelz who can make your images shine with very fast turnaround. Outsourcing can help to alleviate some of your post-production processing workload so that you can focus on mastering lighting techniques and making sales.

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Thomas Kragelund is the CEO and founder of Pixelz, a leading product image solutions partner for internet retailers, bloggers, designers, photographers and webmasters worldwide. He has been working in ecommerce for the last 15 years. Sign up today and get 3 product images edited for free.