the source of instinctual energyoperates on the pleasure principleunconscious

Ego

deals with reality by controlling the idreality principleconscious/preconscious

Superego

conscious part of the personality that incorporates parental and societal standards for moralitymorality principlepreconscious and unconsciousconscience

Defense Mechanism

the ego's protective method of reducing anxiety by distorting reality

Psychosexual Stages of Development

the Freudian idea of five developmental periods key to personality development

Oral stage

birth-18 monthsif fixated-smoke, overeat or talk

Anal stage

18 months-3 yearsif fixated, controlling and obsessive

Phallic Stage

3-6 yearsif fixated, hostility toward same sex parent

Latency stage

6-pubertyif fixated, no conflict with opposite sex

Genital Stage

puberty-adulthoodif fixated, relationships based on lust

Alfred Adler

-The first to leave Freud's inner circle-believed that behavior was purposeful and goal directed-believed everyone suffers from an inferiority complex-"will-to-power" can be positive or negative-individual psychology

individual psychology

Alfred Adler's theory that everyone suffers from an inferiority complex and this results in "will-to-power"

the self-a key component to personalitythe mental health is related to the degree of similarity between self concept and life experiences.unconditional positive regard-love and acceptance with no contingencies.

mental health is related to the degree of..... between self concept and life experiences

similarity

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

basic physical necessities must be satisfied before higher growth needs

self actualization

inborn drive to develop all one's talents and capabilitiesMaslow

Criticisms of humanistic theory

Naive assumptionspoor testability and inadequate evidencenarrowness

naive assumptions criticism says

critics argue that humanistic theories and theorists are unrealistic and romantic when it comes to human nature

poor testability and inadequate evidence criticism says

the terms used this theory are difficult to operationalize and therefore test scientifically

narrowness criticism

this theory only describes personality and does not explain it

Social Cognitive Theory

Bandura and Rotter

Albert Bandura

introduced the concepts of self efficacy and reciprocal determinism to personality theory