Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

MPM Holdings Inc. Yes x No o

Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

MPM Holdings Inc. Yes x No o

Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.

MPM Holdings Inc. x

Momentive Performance Materials Inc. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

MPM Holdings Inc.

Large accelerated filer

o

Accelerated filer

o

Non-accelerated filer

x

Smaller Reporting Company

o

Momentive Performance Materials Inc.

Large accelerated filer

o

Accelerated filer

o

Non-accelerated filer

x

Smaller Reporting Company

o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

MPM Holdings Inc. Yes o No x

Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

MPM Holdings Inc. Yes x No o

Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Yes x No o

The number of shares of common stock of MPM Holdings Inc., par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of the close of business on February 15, 2017 was 48,058,114 shares.

The number of shares of common stock of Momentive Performance Materials Inc., par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of the close of business on February 15, 2017 was 48 shares, all of which were held by MPM Intermediate Holdings Inc.

This Form 10-K is a combined annual report being filed separately by two registrants: MPM Holdings Inc. and Momentive Performance Materials Inc.

Certain statements in this report, including without limitation, certain statements made under Item 1, “Business,” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” are forward-looking statements within the meaning of and made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements related to our transformation and restructuring activities, growth and productivity initiatives, anticipated cost savings, growth, and market recovery, and competitiveness. In addition, our management may from time to time make oral forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “seek” or “intend” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future events and conditions and are based on currently available financial, economic and competitive data and our current business plans. Actual results could vary materially depending on risks and uncertainties that may affect our operations, markets, services, prices and other factors as discussed in the Risk Factors section of this report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). While we believe our assumptions are reasonable, we caution you against relying on any forward-looking statements as it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: a weakening of global economic and financial conditions, interruptions in the supply of or increased cost of raw materials, the impact of work stoppages and other incidents on our operations, changes in governmental regulations or interpretations thereof and related compliance and litigation costs, difficulties with the realization of cost savings in connection with our global restructuring, transformation, and strategic initiatives, including transactions with our affiliate, Hexion Inc., pricing actions by our competitors that could affect our operating margins, our ability to obtain additional financing, and the other factors listed in the Risk Factors section of this report. For a more detailed discussion of these and other risk factors, see the “Risk Factors” section of this report. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. The forward-looking statements made by us speak only as of the date on which they are made. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

MPM Holdings Inc. (“Momentive”) is a holding company that conducts substantially all of its business through its subsidiaries. Momentive’s wholly owned subsidiary, MPM Intermediate Holdings Inc. (“Intermediate Holdings”), is a holding company for its wholly owned subsidiary, Momentive Performance Materials Inc. (“MPM”) and its subsidiaries.

As a result of MPM’s reorganization and emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy on October 24, 2014 (the “Effective Date” or the “Emergence Date”) (described below), Momentive became the indirect parent company of MPM in accordance with MPM’s plan of reorganization (the “Plan”) pursuant to MPM’s emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy on the Emergence Date. Prior to its reorganization, MPM, through a series of intermediate holding companies, was controlled by investment funds managed by affiliates of Apollo Management Holdings, L.P. (together with Apollo Global Management, LLC and subsidiaries, “Apollo”).

Momentive along with its subsidiaries is one of the world's largest producers of silicones, silicone derivatives and functional silanes. Momentive is a global leader in the development and manufacture of products derived from quartz and specialty ceramics.

Products and Markets

Our products are used in thousands of applications and are sold into diverse markets, such as industrial, building and construction, transportation, agriculture, electronics, healthcare, personal care, semiconductor and fiber optics. The diversity of our products limits our dependence on any one market or end-use. We have a history of product innovation and success in introducing new products to new markets, as evidenced by more than 3,400 patents, the majority of which relate to the development of new products and manufacturing processes.

As of December 31, 2016, we had 23 production sites strategically located around the world, which allows us to produce the substantial majority of our key products locally in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Through this network of production facilities, we serve more than 4,000 customers between our Silicones and Quartz businesses in over 100 countries worldwide. We use our global platform to deliver products to companies efficiently on a worldwide basis. Many of our customers are expanding internationally to serve developing areas in Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, India and Russia. Maintaining close proximity to our international customers allows us to serve them more quickly and efficiently and thus build strong relationships. Our customers include leading companies in their respective industries.

We believe that our scale and global reach provide significant efficiencies in our fixed and variable cost structure and that our breadth of related products provides significant operational, technological and commercial advantages. Manufacturing capacity at our internal sites and our joint venture in China is sufficient to produce the majority of one of our key intermediates, siloxane, which facilitates a cost effective operating structure and security of supply.

We believe we have created a value-added, technical service-oriented business model that enables us to target and participate in high-margin and high-growth specialty markets. These specialty markets account for the majority of our revenues and continue to be a growing part of our business.

Growth and Strategy

We believe that we have opportunities for growth through the following long-term strategies:

Expand Our Global Reach in Faster Growing Regions—We intend to continue to grow by expanding our sales presence and application support around the world. Specifically, we are focused on growing our business in the high growth regions of Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, Latin America, India and the Middle East, where the usage of our products is increasing.

Develop and Market New Products—We will continue our efforts to expand our product offerings through research and development initiatives and research partnership formations with third parties. Through these innovation initiatives we expect to create new generations of products and services which will continue to drive revenue and earnings growth over the long term. In 2016, 2015 and 2014, we invested $64, $65 and $76, respectively, in research and development. In recent years we have completed such initiatives as upgrading technology facilities at our Tarrytown, NY site, implementing a full scale pilot line for our coatings business in Leverkusen, Germany, expanding our technology center in Seoul, Korea, and opening a research and development facility in Bangalore, India, all of which further complement our network of innovation centers strategically located to support our customers globally.

Increase Shift to High-Margin Specialty Products—We proactively manage our product portfolio with a focus on specialty, high-margin products. We continue to invest in growth as demonstrated by our recent announcement related to NXT* silane expansion in Leverkusen, Germany anticipated to be operational in 2017.

In addition, we recently acquired the operating assets of Sea Lion Technology, Inc to further support the Silanes business. We previously had a tolling relationship with Sea Lion Technology, Inc. on their site, so these assets are well known to us. We believe the acquisition will enable us to further strategically leverage these assets in support of our NXT* silane business.

These actions enable us to strategically invest in a specialty growth platform and rationalize commodity-oriented siloxane capacity. The actions we are taking to lower costs, transform operations and invest in profitable growth will enhance our competitiveness in the current market environment and position us well when end markets recover.

*NXT is a trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.

Continue Portfolio Optimization and Pursue Targeted Add-On Acquisitions and Joint Ventures—As a large manufacturer of performance materials, with leadership in the production of silicone, silicone derivatives, quartz and specialty ceramics, we have an advantage in pursuing add-on acquisitions and joint ventures in areas that allow us to build upon our core strengths, expand our product, technology and geographic portfolio and better serve our customers. We believe we will have the opportunity to consummate acquisitions at relatively attractive valuations due to the scalability of our existing global operations and deal-related synergies.

Implement Strategic Cost Reduction Initiatives—Pursuant to our earlier announcements during the fourth quarter of 2015 and as expanded in March and May of 2016, approximately $35 in annual structural cost reduction initiatives through our global restructuring program have been implemented and have begun delivering savings, of which approximately $29 were delivered in 2016. At the same time, we initiated strategic actions to address our global siloxane manufacturing capacity including, transformation of our Leverkusen, Germany facility by rationalizing siloxane capacity and making further investments in specialty assets through the NXT* silanes expansion, which is on track. In the fourth quarter of 2016, we completed the siloxane rationalization at our Leverkusen, Germany facility and it will reduce operating costs by approximately $10 per year. We have incurred approximately $17 in costs associated with the restructuring initiative as of December 31, 2016, which primarily represents severance expenses. The targeted savings are being achieved primarily through a reduction in force and delayering of our organization mostly in selling, general and administrative roles, as well as productivity actions at our operating facilities.

Leverage Cost Savings from the Shared Services Agreement—The Shared Services Agreement with Hexion Inc. (“Hexion”) has resulted in significant synergies for us. The Shared Services Agreement remains in place between MPM and Hexion following completion of our balance sheet restructuring, and both companies will continue to work together to benefit from the optimized cost structure and services that it provides.

Industry and Competitors

We compete with a variety of companies, including large global chemical companies and small specialty chemical companies, in each of our product lines.The principal factors of competition in our industry include product quality, customer service and breadth of product offerings, product innovation, manufacturing efficiency, distribution and price.

Our Businesses

The following paragraphs discuss our reportable segments, their corresponding major product lines and the primary end-use applications of our key products as of December 31, 2016.

We believe we are one of the world’s largest producers of silicones, silicone derivatives and organofunctional silanes, with leading positions in various product lines and geographic areas. We manufacture a wide range of high-performing elastomers, engineered materials and fluids. Silicones are generally used as an additive to a wide variety of end products in order to provide or enhance certain of their attributes, such as resistance (heat, ultraviolet light and chemical), lubrication, adhesion or viscosity. Silicones are used in product formulations primarily due to two distinguishing factors: (i) their high degree of inertness (resistance to heat, electricity and chemical reactions); and (ii) the ability during manufacturing to greatly modify their viscosity, enabling production of end-products with significant variation in levels of lubricity or adhesion. Silicones are developed using various finishing processes to generate a wide variety of different performance characteristics and are typically used in applications where traditional materials cannot perform under required conditions. Entirely new applications for silicones continue to emerge as a result of their versatility and broad range of both physical and chemical properties. We have a broad range of specialty silicones technologies, with highly advanced research, applications development and technical service capabilities.

Fluids— Fluids products are polydimethylsiloxane polymers, co-polymers, elastomers and gel networks, high-performance antifoams and emulsions. Silicone fluids exhibit low surface tension, excellent gloss, excellent sensory, softening and conditioning properties, good thermal stability and excellent viscosity over a wide temperature range, which permits usage in a number of applications. Fluids are used primarily in the personal care, home care and auto care, textiles, oil and gas, agriculture and industrial end-markets and are sold under the Magnasoft, Sagtex, Formasil, Silwet, Silsoft, Silshine, Tospearl and Velvesil brands.

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Silanes and Resins— Silane and resin products are primarily used as components in a variety of specialty applications where improved performance is desired. Resins are used as binders in the production of formulated products such as adhesives, laminates, paints and coatings, and sealants and caulks. Their use is generally focused on situations where required performance characteristics, such as paintability, high-temperature or harsh environmental resistance, are beyond the scope of traditional materials. Our Tospearl resins are also used as light diffusion aids in LCD/LED screens, lighting and as slip agents in plastic packaging materials and paints and coatings. Silanes are used as high-performance coupling agents, adhesion promoters or as reactive intermediates. Silane and resin products are sold into a diverse range of end-markets, including aerospace, construction, coatings and inks, paint, adhesives, electronics, motor vehicles, sealants, rubber and plastics. We sell silane and specialty resins brands including: Silblock, A-Link,Wetlink, Silquest, NXT, Pearlene, SPUR, Tospearl, and CoatOSil.

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Intermediates— Intermediate products are a broad set of siloxane, silane, and by-product materials produced in chemical operation and primarily used as inputs for other product portfolios.

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Elastomers— Silicone elastomers are blends of silicone polymers and various fillers and include solid and liquid elastomers. Favorable performance characteristics include a broad temperature range, excellent resistance to weathering, low toxicity, good electrical insulation properties and acoustical damping qualities. Silicone elastomers are used in the production of a variety of products, including gaskets, seals, hoses and tubing, as well as numerous consumer items. Elastomers products are used primarily in the healthcare, consumer products, energy and automotive end-markets and are sold under the Tufel, Ultra Tufel, Silplus, LSR/LIM, Silopren, and Addisil brand names.

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Specialty Coatings— Specialty Coatings products are fully formulated solutions designed to enhance performance and drive productivity in various applications. Performance attributes include high-temperature resistance, abrasion resistance, pressure sensitive adhesion or release and weatherability. Specialty Coatings products are sold into a diverse range of end-markets, including construction, tape and label, adhesives, electronics and automotive. Specialty Coatings brands include SilForce, Silgrip, Silblock, Baysilone, and Anchorsil.

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Room Temperature Vulcanizers—Room Temperature Vulcanization (“RTV”) products consist of highly engineered gels, adhesives, encapsulants and sealants. Different types of chemistries are employed based on the application to cure the material at room temperature, with heat or by UV light. Custom fillers and additives are used to enhance performance in areas such as electrical and thermal conductivity, cure speed, adhesion to plastics and metals, optical clarity and resistance to heat. RTV products are used primarily in micro- and macro-electronics assembly, consumer electronics, automotive, aerospace, consumer goods and industrial sealing applications. RTV products include the TSE, SilCool, InvisiSil, and SnapSil brand names.

Consumer and Construction Sealants— Consumer sealants are used by homeowners, builders and contractors for a variety of projects throughout the home including increasing energy efficiency, reducing damaging effects of moisture and protecting the home from pollen, pollution and pests. Construction sealants are used in structural glazing, weather-sealing, and insulated glass applications in new and remedial large-scale commercial building projects. We have a trademark license agreement with GE Monogram Licensing International which gives us an exclusive right to use the GE brand for these products through 2018, with a five-year renewal option through 2023. Our consumer and construction sealant products are also sold under various private labels for a number of hardware and paint retailers.

The physical properties of silicones, such as weather-ability, longevity and tolerance to a wide temperature range, make them versatile products with broad commercial applications. In the building and construction industry, silicone sealants and caulks are used to seal expansion and control joints in pre-cast exterior concrete panels and metal curtain walls, as well as in siding, window and door perimeters. In the transportation industry, silicones are used in a variety of original equipment manufacturer and aftermarket applications. In the electronics industry, silicones’ tolerance to high temperatures give them a considerable advantage relative to other traditional materials in a variety of computer and electronic manufacturing applications. In the personal care industry, silicones are used in consumer goods such as hair care and shaving products, antiperspirants and deodorants, cosmetics and shower and bath products. In the healthcare industry, silicones are used in medical equipment, as well as in surgeries and other general medical procedures. We believe that such a broad range of commercial uses not only helps to maintain a steady demand for our products in industries that are less vulnerable to economic cycles, but also allows for continuous innovation leading into new applications for our products in high-growth industries.

Raw Materials

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Silicon Metal— Silicon metal is an inorganic material that is not derived from petrochemicals. Major silicon metal suppliers include Ferroglobe PLC, Elkem ASA, Lao Silicon Ltd., CBC Co. Ltd., and other smaller vendors located around the world. We currently purchase silicon metal under short-term, one-year or multi-year contracts and in the spot market. We typically purchase silicon metal under formal contracts in the United States and in the spot market in Asia Pacific.

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Siloxane— Siloxane is a key intermediate required to produce silicone polymers. We are one of two producers in the silicones market with global siloxane production capacity. We produce siloxane for our internal use in Waterford, NY and Ohta, Japan and source siloxane from our joint venture in Jiande, China and third parties. We also source siloxane under a purchase and sale agreement with Asia Silicones Monomer Limited (“ASM”) and from time to time, we enter into supply agreements with other third parties to take advantage of favorable pricing and minimize our costs.

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Methanol— Methanol is a key raw material for the production of methyl chloride, which is used to produce chlorosilanes. Major methanol suppliers include Itochu Chemical Forontier Corporation, CBC Co. Ltd., Southern Chemical Corporation, and Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals. We typically enter into quarterly or annual contracts for methanol.

Quartz

2016 Net Sales: $172

We believe that our Quartz business is a global leader in the development and manufacturing of fused quartz and ceramic materials. Fused quartz, a man-made glass manufactured principally from quartz sand, is used in processes requiring extreme temperature, high purity and other specific characteristics. Fused quartz and ceramic materials are used in a wide range of industries, including semiconductor, lamp tubing, manufacturing, packaging, cosmetics and fiber optics. We believe that our Quartz business is a leading global producer of quartz tubing, ingots and crucibles and high-performance, non-oxide ceramic powders, coatings and solids.

Products

Our Quartz business’ products are used as a superior substitute for glass. On a microscopic level, normal glass is filled with impurities, bubbles and other flaws. For this reason, applications that require transparency and a high level of purity or stress-resistance (such as process equipment for semiconductor manufacturing or lamp lenses for high intensity video projectors) require the use of quartz. A significant driver of our Quartz volumes derives from semiconductor chip manufacturers adding to or adjusting their manufacturing lines for newly developed products. The manufacture of quartz products for use in the production of semiconductors generated approximately 72% of our Quartz business’ revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to 71% and 65% in 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Raw Materials

Naturally occurring quartz sand is the key raw material for many of the products manufactured by our Quartz business, which is currently available from a limited number of suppliers. The Unimin Corporation (“Unimin”), a major producer of natural quartz sand, controls a significant portion of the market for this sand. As a result, Unimin exercises significant control over quartz sand prices, which have been steadily increasing. In recent years, these increases have averaged approximately 3-5% per year. In April 2015, we entered into a purchase agreement with Unimin, which expired on December 31, 2016. We are currently negotiating the terms of a new long term supply agreement with Unimin, and expect to enter into an agreement within the first half of 2017. Since the expiration of our agreement with Unimin, purchases from Unimin have been handled through purchase orders without disruption of supply to our Quartz business and we expect that process to continue if we are unable to enter into a new agreement. We also use quartz sand from other global sand suppliers.

Raw Material Purchases

Overall, in 2016, we purchased approximately $846 of raw materials. Many of the raw materials we use to manufacture our products are available from more than one source, and are readily available in the open market. As discussed above, we currently purchase under short-term, one-year or multi-year contracts and in the spot market so as to ensure competitive pricing and adequate supply.

We market an extensive product line to meet a wide variety of customer needs. We focus on customers who are, or have the potential to be, leaders in their industries and have growth objectives that support our own growth objectives. In addition, we focus on customers who value our service-oriented business model. This approach includes high-quality, reliable products backed by local sales support and technical expertise. An important component of our strategy is to utilize our broad product capabilities to win high-end specialty business from our customers. These customers value these capabilities and, as a result, we are able to become a supplier of choice, given our relationship and ability to develop solutions to meet their precise needs.

In 2016, our largest customer accounted for less than 3% of our net sales, and our top twenty customers accounted for approximately 28% of our net sales. Neither our overall Company nor any of our businesses depends on any single customer or a particular group of customers; therefore, the loss of any single customer would not have a material adverse effect on any of our businesses or the Company as a whole.

We do not experience significant seasonality of demand, although sales have historically been slightly higher during the second and fourth quarters due to increased industrial activity. Seasonality trends, however, have been skewed in recent years primarily due to volatile global economic conditions.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses include wages and benefits for research personnel, including engineers and chemists; payments to consultants and outside testing services; costs of supplies and chemicals used in in-house laboratories; and costs of research and development facilities. Our research and development efforts focus on the development of new applications for our existing products and technological advances that we hope will lead to new products. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we spent $64, $65 and $76, respectively, on research and development.

Intellectual Property

We own, license or have rights to approximately 3,400 patents and approximately 170 trademarks registered in a variety of countries, along with various patent and trademark applications and technology licenses around the world. These patents will expire between 2017 and 2035. Our rights under such patents and licenses are a significant strategic asset in the conduct of our business. Patents, patent applications, trademarks and trademark applications relating to our Velvesil, Silwet, Silsoft, Tospearl, SPUR+ and NXT brands, technologies and products are considered material to our business.

Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and tradenames referred to in this report are without the “®” and “TM” symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and tradenames.

Industry Regulatory Matters

Domestic and international laws regulate the production and marketing of chemical substances. Although almost every country has its own legal procedure for registration and import, laws and regulations in the European Union, the United States, and China are the most significant to our business. These laws typically prohibit the import or manufacture of chemical substances unless the substances are registered or are on the country's chemical inventory list, such as the European inventory of existing commercial chemical substances and the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act inventory. Chemicals that are on one or more of these lists can usually be registered and imported without requiring additional testing in countries that do not have such lists, although additional administrative hurdles may exist. Under such laws, countries may also require toxicity testing to be conducted on chemicals in order to register them or may place restrictions on the import, manufacture and/or use of a chemical.

The European Commission enacted a regulatory system in 2006, known as Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances (“REACH”), which requires manufacturers, importers and consumers of certain chemicals to register these chemicals and evaluate their potential impact on human health and the environment. As REACH matures, significant market restrictions could be imposed on the current and future uses of chemical products that we use as raw materials or that we sell as finished products in the European Union. Other countries may also enact similar regulations.

In the European Union and other jurisdictions committed to compliance with the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, there is an increasing likelihood that our manufacturing sites will be affected in some way over the next few years by taxation of greenhouse gas, or GHG emissions. In addition, although the United States is not a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, several states, including California and New York, are implementing their own GHG regulatory programs, and the enactment of federal climate change legislation in the United States is a possibility for the future. While only a small number of our sites are currently affected by existing GHG regulations, and none have experienced or anticipate significant cost increases as a result, it is likely that GHG emission restrictions will increase over time. Potential consequences of such restrictions include increases in energy costs above the level of general inflation, as well as direct compliance costs. Currently, however, it is not possible to estimate the likely financial impact of potential future regulation on any of our sites.

Environmental Regulations

Our policy is to strive to operate our plants in a manner that protects the environment and the health and safety of our employees, customers and communities. We have implemented company-wide environmental, health and safety policies and practices managed by our

Environmental, Health and Safety, or EH&S department, and overseen by the EH&S Committee of the Board of Directors of MPM Holdings Inc. Our EH&S department has the responsibility to ensure that our operations worldwide comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. This responsibility is executed via training, communication of EH&S policies, formulation of relevant policies and standards, EH&S audits and incident response planning and implementation. Our EH&S policies and practices include management systems and procedures relating to environmental emissions, waste generation, process safety management, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, worker health and safety requirements, emergency planning and response and product stewardship.

Our operations involve the use, handling, processing, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials and are subject to extensive environmental regulation at the federal, state and international level. Our production facilities require operating permits that are subject to renewal or modification. Violations of environmental laws or permits may result in restrictions being imposed on operating activities, substantial fines, penalties, damages or other costs. In addition, statutes such as the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, and comparable state and foreign laws impose strict, joint and several liability for investigating and remediating the consequences of spills and other releases of hazardous materials, substances and wastes at current and former facilities and at third-party disposal sites. Other laws permit individuals to seek recovery of damages for alleged personal injury or property damage due to exposure to hazardous substances and conditions at or from our facilities or to hazardous substances otherwise owned, sold or controlled by us. Therefore, notwithstanding our commitment to environmental management, environmental health and safety, we may incur liabilities in the future, and these liabilities may result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Although our environmental policies and practices are designed to ensure compliance with international, federal and state laws and environmental regulations, future developments and increasingly stringent regulation could require us to make additional unforeseen environmental expenditures.

We expect to incur future costs for capital improvements and general compliance under environmental laws, including costs to acquire, maintain and repair pollution control equipment. In 2016, we incurred capital expenditures of approximately $24 on an aggregate basis to comply with environmental laws and regulations and to make other environmental improvements. We estimate that our capital expenditures in 2017 for environmental controls at our facilities will be approximately $20. This estimate is based on current regulations and other requirements, but it is possible that a material amount of capital expenditures, in addition to those we currently anticipate, could be necessary if these regulations or other requirements or other facts change.

Employees

As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 4,900 employees, flat compared to 2015. Approximately 45% of our employees are members of a labor union or have collective bargaining agreements. The new contract involving the Local 81359 and Local 81380 unions in our Waterford, NY site and Local 84707 union in our Willoughby, OH site was ratified by union membership in February 2017 and is effective until June 2019.

Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Filing and Emergence

On April 13, 2014 (the “Petition Date”), Momentive Performance Materials Holdings Inc. (MPM’s direct parent prior to October 24, 2014) (“Old MPM Holdings”), MPM, and certain of our U.S. subsidiaries (collectively, the “Debtors”) filed voluntary petitions for reorganization (the “Bankruptcy Filing”) under Chapter 11 (“Chapter 11”) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”). The Chapter 11 proceedings were jointly administered under the caption In re MPM Silicones, LLC, et al., Case No. 14-22503. MPM continued to operate our businesses as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Court until our emergence from the Chapter 11 proceedings.

On September 11, 2014, the Court confirmed the plan of reorganization proposed by the Debtors (the “Plan”), and on October 24, 2014 (the “Effective Date) the Plan became effective and MPM emerged from the Chapter 11 proceedings. Upon emergence from bankruptcy on the Effective Date, we adopted fresh-start accounting which resulted in the creation of a new entity (such entity, the “Successor Company”) for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements of the Company on or after October 24, 2014 are not comparable with the consolidated financial statements of the Company prior to that date (such entity, the “Predecessor Company”).

Where You Can Find More Information

The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information about the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports are available free of charge to the public through our internet website at www.momentive.com under “Investor Relations - SEC Filings” or on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.

Following are our principal risks. These factors may or may not occur, and we cannot express a view on the likelihood that any of these may occur. Other factors may exist that we do not consider significant based on information that is currently available or that we are not currently able to anticipate. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations and prospects.

Risks Related to Our Business

If global economic conditions weaken or deteriorate, it will negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Global economic and financial market conditions, including severe market disruptions and the potential for a significant and prolonged global economic downturn, have impacted or could continue to impact our business operations in a number of ways including, but not limited to, the following:

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reduced demand in key customer segments, such as automotive, building, oil and gas, construction and electronics, compared to prior years;

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payment delays by customers and reduced demand for our products caused by customer insolvencies and/or the inability of customers to obtain adequate financing to maintain operations. This situation could cause customers to terminate existing purchase orders and reduce the volume of products they purchase from us and further impact our customers’ ability to pay our receivables, requiring us to assume additional credit risk related to these receivables or limit our ability to collect receivables from that customer;

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insolvency of suppliers or the failure of suppliers to meet their commitments resulting in product delays;

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more onerous credit and commercial terms from our suppliers such as shortening the required payment period for outstanding accounts receivable or reducing or eliminating the amount of trade credit available to us; and

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potential delays in accessing our ABL Facility (described in Item 7 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K) or obtaining new credit facilities on terms we deem commercially reasonable or at all, and the potential inability of one or more of the financial institutions included in our ABL Facility to fulfill their funding obligations. Should a bank in our ABL Facility be unable to fund a future draw request, we could find it difficult to replace that bank in the facility.

Global economic conditions may weaken or deteriorate. In such event, we may become subject to the negative effects described above and our liquidity, as well as our ability to maintain compliance with the financial maintenance covenants, if in effect, in the ABL Facility could be significantly affected. See “Risks Related to Our Indebtedness ––We may be unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet our consolidated debt service payments.” As a result, it may cause us to defer needed capital expenditures, reduce research and development or other spending, defer costs to achieve productivity and synergy programs, sell assets or incur additional borrowings which may not be available or may only be available on terms significantly less advantageous than our current credit terms and could result in a wide-ranging and prolonged impact on general business conditions, thereby negatively impacting our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, if the global economic environment deteriorates or remains slow for an extended period of time, the fair value of our reporting units could be more adversely affected than we estimated in our analysis of reporting unit fair values at the Effective Date of October 24, 2014. This could result in goodwill or other asset impairments, which could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Fluctuations in direct or indirect raw material costs could have an adverse impact on our business.

The prices of our direct and indirect raw materials have been, and we expect them to continue to be, volatile. If the cost of direct or indirect raw materials increases significantly and we are unable to offset the increased costs with higher selling prices, our profitability will decline. Increases in prices for our products could also hurt our ability to remain both competitive and profitable in the markets in which we compete.

Although some of our materials contracts include competitive price clauses that allow us to buy outside the contract if market pricing falls below contract pricing, and certain contracts have minimum-maximum monthly volume commitments that allow us to take advantage of spot pricing, we may be unable to purchase raw materials at market prices. In addition, some of our customer contracts have fixed prices for a certain term, and as a result, we may not be able to pass on raw material price increases to our customers immediately, if at all. Due to differences in timing of the pricing trigger points between our sales and purchase contracts, there is often a “lead-lag” impact that can negatively impact our margins in the short term in periods of rising raw material prices and positively impact them in the short term in periods of falling raw material prices. Future raw material prices may be impacted by new laws or regulations, suppliers’ allocations to other purchasers, changes in our supplier manufacturing processes as some of our products are byproducts of these processes, interruptions in production by suppliers, natural disasters, volatility in the price of crude oil and related petrochemical products and changes in exchange rates.

An inadequate supply of direct or indirect raw materials and intermediate products could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our manufacturing operations require adequate supplies of raw materials and intermediate products on a timely basis. The loss of a key source or a delay in shipments could have a material adverse effect on our business. Raw material availability may be subject to curtailment or change due to, among other things:

Many of our raw materials and intermediate products are available in the quantities we require from a limited number of suppliers.

For example, our silicones business is highly dependent upon access to silicon metal, a key raw material, and siloxane, an intermediate product that is derived from silicon metal. While silicon is itself abundant, silicon metal is produced through a manufacturing process and, in certain geographic areas, is currently available through a limited number of suppliers. In North America, there is only one significant silicon metal supplier, which in December 2015 completed a business combination with a significant European based silicon metal supplier. In 2009 and 2010, two of our competitors acquired silicon metal manufacturing assets in North America and Europe, respectively, becoming vertically integrated in silicon metal for a portion of their supply requirements and reducing the manufacturing base of certain independent silicon metal producers. In addition, silicon metal producers face a number of regulations that affect the supply or price of silicon metal in some or all of the jurisdictions in which we operate. For example, significant anti-dumping duties of up to 139.5% imposed by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission against producers of silicon metal in China and Russia effectively block the sale by all or most producers in these jurisdictions to U.S. purchasers, which restricts the supply of silicon metal and results in increased prices. We currently purchase silicon metal under multi-year, one-year or short-term contracts and in the spot market. We typically purchase silicon metal under formal contracts in the United States and in the spot market in Asia Pacific.

Our silicones business also relies heavily on siloxane as an intermediate product. Our manufacturing capacity at our internal sites and our joint venture in China is sufficient to meet the substantial majority of our current siloxane requirements. We also source a portion of our requirements from ASM under an existing purchase and sale agreement. In addition, from time to time we enter into supply agreements with other third parties to take advantage of favorable pricing and minimize our cost. There are also a limited number of third-party siloxane providers, and the supply of siloxane may be limited from time to time. In addition, regulation of siloxane producers can also affect the supply of siloxane. For example, in May 2009, China’s Ministry of Commerce concluded an anti-dumping investigation of siloxane manufacturers in Thailand and South Korea, which resulted in an imposition of a 5.4% duty against our supplier, ASM, in Thailand, a 21.8% duty against other Thailand companies and a 25.1% duty against Korean companies.

Our quartz production relies heavily on naturally occurring quartz sand, which is currently available from a limited number of suppliers. A significant amount of the market for this sand is controlled by Unimin. In April 2015, we entered into a long term purchase agreement with Unimin, which expired on December 31, 2016. We are currently negotiating the terms of a new long term supply agreement with Unimin, and expect to enter into an agreement within the first half of 2017.

Should any of our key suppliers fail to deliver these or other raw materials or intermediate products to us or no longer supply us, we may be unable to purchase these materials in necessary quantities, which could adversely affect our volumes, or may not be able to purchase them at prices that would allow us to remain competitive. During the past several years, certain of our suppliers have experienced force majeure events rendering them unable to deliver all, or a portion of, the contracted-for raw materials. On these occasions, we were forced to purchase replacement raw materials in the open market at significantly higher costs or place our customers on an allocation of our products. In addition, we cannot predict whether new regulations or restrictions may be imposed in the future on silicon metal, siloxane or other key materials, which may result in reduced supply or further increases in prices. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to renew our current materials contracts or enter into replacement contracts on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. Fluctuations in the price of these or other raw materials or intermediate products, the loss of a key source of supply or any delay in the supply could result in a material adverse effect on our business.

Our production facilities are subject to significant operating hazards which could cause environmental contamination, personal injury and loss of life, and severe damage to, or destruction of, property and equipment.

Our production facilities are subject to hazards associated with the manufacturing, handling, storage and transportation of chemical materials and products, including human exposure to hazardous substances, pipeline and equipment leaks and ruptures, explosions, fires, inclement weather and natural disasters, mechanical failures, unscheduled downtime, transportation interruptions, remedial complications, chemical spills, discharges or releases of toxic or hazardous substances or gases, storage tank leaks and other environmental risks. Additionally, a number of our operations are adjacent to operations of independent entities that engage in hazardous and potentially dangerous activities. Our operations or adjacent operations could result in personal injury or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property or equipment, environmental damage, or a loss of the use of all or a portion of one of our key manufacturing facilities. Such events at our facilities or adjacent third-party facilities could have a material adverse effect on us.

We may incur losses beyond the limits or coverage of our insurance policies for liabilities that are associated with these hazards. In addition, various kinds of insurance for companies in the chemical industry have not been available on commercially acceptable terms, or, in some cases, have been unavailable altogether. In the future, we may not be able to obtain coverage at current levels, and our premiums may increase significantly on coverage that we maintain.

Environmental obligations and liabilities could have a substantial negative impact on our financial condition, cash flows and profitability.

Our operations involve the use, handling, processing, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials and are subject to extensive and complex U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. supra-national, national, provincial, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These environmental laws and regulations include those that govern the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, the generation, use, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, the cleanup of contaminated sites, occupational health and safety and those requiring permits, licenses, or other government approvals for specified operations or activities. Our products are

also subject to a variety of international, national, regional, state, and provincial requirements and restrictions applicable to the manufacture, import, export or subsequent use of such products. In addition, we are required to maintain, and may be required to obtain in the future, environmental, health and safety permits, licenses, or government approvals to continue current operations at most of our manufacturing and research facilities throughout the world.

Compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, and maintenance of permits, can be costly and complex, and we have incurred and will continue to incur costs, including capital expenditures and costs associated with the issuance and maintenance of letters of credit, to comply with these requirements. In 2016, we incurred capital expenditures of approximately $24 to comply with environmental laws and regulations and to make other environmental improvements. If we are unable to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, or maintain our permits, we could incur substantial costs, including fines and civil or criminal sanctions, third party property damage or personal injury claims or costs associated with upgrades to our facilities or changes in our manufacturing processes in order to achieve and maintain compliance, and may also be required to halt permitted activities or operations until any necessary permits can be obtained or complied with. In addition, future developments or increasingly stringent regulations could require us to make additional unforeseen environmental expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Actual and alleged environmental violations have been identified at our facility in Waterford, NY. We are cooperating with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (the “NYSDEC”) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “USEPA”) and the U.S. Department of Justice in their respective investigations of that facility’s compliance with certain applicable environmental requirements, including certain requirements governing the operation of the facility’s hazardous waste incinerators. Although we currently believe that the costs and potential penalties associated with these investigations will not have a material adverse impact on our business, these investigations may result in administrative, civil or criminal enforcement by the State of New York and/or the United States and resolution of such enforcement actions will likely require payment of a monetary penalty and/or the imposition of other civil or criminal sanctions.

Environmental, health and safety requirements change frequently and have tended to become more stringent over time. We cannot predict what environmental, health and safety laws and regulations or permit requirements will be enacted or amended in the future, how existing or future laws or regulations will be interpreted or enforced or the impact of such laws, regulations or permits on future production expenditures, supply chain or sales. Our costs of compliance with current and future environmental, health and safety requirements could be material. Such future requirements include legislation designed to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other substances associated with climate change (“greenhouse gases”). The European Union has enacted greenhouse gas emissions legislation, and continues to expand the scope of such legislation. The USEPA has promulgated regulations applicable to projects involving greenhouse gas emissions above a certain threshold, and the United States and certain states within the United States have enacted, or are considering, limitations on greenhouse gas emissions. These requirements to limit greenhouse gas emissions could significantly increase our energy costs, and may also require us to incur material capital costs to modify our manufacturing facilities.

In addition, we are subject to liability associated with hazardous substances in soil, groundwater and elsewhere at a number of sites. These include sites that we formerly owned or operated and sites where hazardous wastes and other substances from our current and former facilities and operations have been sent, treated, stored or disposed of, as well as sites that we currently own or operate. Depending upon the circumstances, our liability may be strict, joint and several, meaning that we may be held responsible for more than our proportionate share, or even all, of the liability involved regardless of our fault or whether we are aware of the conditions giving rise to the liability. Environmental conditions at these sites can lead to environmental cleanup liability and claims against us for personal injury or wrongful death, property damages and natural resource damages, as well as to claims and obligations for the investigation and cleanup of environmental conditions. The extent of any of these liabilities is difficult to predict, but in the aggregate such liabilities could be material.

We have been notified that we are or may be responsible for environmental remediation at certain sites in the United States. As the result of former, current or future operations, there may be additional environmental remediation or restoration liabilities or claims of personal injury by employees or members of the public due to exposure or alleged exposure to hazardous materials in connection with our operations, properties or products. Sites sold by us in past years may have significant site closure or remediation costs and our share, if any, may be unknown to us at this time. These environmental liabilities or obligations, or any that may arise or become known to us in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows and profitability.

In addition, in the normal course of our business, we are required to provide financial assurances for contingent future costs associated with certain hazardous waste management and remedial activities. Pursuant to financial assurance requirements set forth in state hazardous waste permit regulations applicable to our manufacturing facilities in Waterford, NY and Sistersville, WV, we have provided letters of credit in the following amounts: approximately $43 for closure and postclosure care and accidental occurrences at the Waterford and the Sistersville facilities. A renewal of our Waterford facility’s hazardous waste permit was issued by the NYSDEC in March 2016 requiring approximately $26 in financial assurances for our Waterford facility. The renewal permit also requires a re-evaluation of the financial assurance amount within the next three years. One or more of our facilities may also in the future be subject to additional financial assurance requirements imposed by governmental authorities, including the USEPA. In this regard, the USEPA has identified chemical manufacturing as an industry for which it plans to develop, as necessary, proposed regulations identifying appropriate financial assurance requirements pursuant to §108(b) of CERCLA. Any increase in financial assurances required for our facilities in connection with environmental, health and safety laws or regulations or the maintenance of permits would likely increase our costs and could also materially impact our financial position. For example, to the extent we issue letters of credit under our ABL Facility to satisfy any financial assurance requirements, we would incur fees for the issuance and maintenance of these letters of credit and the amount of borrowings that would otherwise be available to us under such facility would be reduced.

Several governmental entities have enacted, are considering or may consider in the future, regulations that may impact our ability to sell certain chemical products in certain geographic areas. In December 2006, the European Union enacted a regulation known as REACH. This regulation requires manufacturers, importers and consumers of certain chemicals manufactured in, or imported into, the European Union to register such chemicals and evaluate their potential impacts on human health and the environment. The implementing agency is currently in the process of determining if any chemicals should be further tested, regulated, restricted or banned from use in the European Union. Other countries have implemented, or are considering implementation of, similar chemical regulatory programs. When fully implemented, REACH and other similar regulatory programs may result in significant adverse market impacts on the affected chemical products. If we fail to comply with REACH or other similar laws and regulations, we may be subject to penalties or other enforcement actions, including fines, injunctions, recalls or seizures, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows and profitability.

We cannot at this time estimate the impact of these regulations on our financial condition, cash flows and profitability, but it could be material. The European Union is reviewing octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (“D4”) as well as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (“D5”), another chemical substance we manufacture, and may, pursuant to REACH, regulate the use of these two chemical substances in the European Union. The USEPA has also stated that they are reviewing the potential environmental risks posed by D4 to determine whether regulatory measures are warranted. We and other silicones industry members have entered into a consent order with the USEPA to conduct certain studies to obtain relevant data. Finally, in March 2016, the European Union Directorate-General for Environment (“DG Environment”) proposed to the European Commission that D4 be nominated as a persistent organic pollutant pursuant to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (the “Stockholm Convention”). This proposal was not acted upon by the European Commission, but continues to be evaluated by the DG Environment. The Stockholm Convention is an international treaty aimed at eliminating or minimizing the release of organic chemicals that are toxic, resistant to degradation in the environment, and transported and deposited far from the point of release. Regulation of our products containing such substances by the European Union, Canada, the United States, or parties to the Stockholm Convention would likely reduce our sales within the respective jurisdiction and possibly in other geographic areas as well. These reductions in sales could be material depending upon the extent of any such additional regulations.

We participate with other companies in trade associations and regularly contribute to the research and study of the safety and environmental impact of our products and raw materials, including siloxanes. These programs are part of a program to review the environmental impacts, safety and efficacy of our products. In addition, government and academic institutions periodically conduct research on potential environmental and health concerns posed by various chemical substances, including substances we manufacture and sell. These research results are periodically reviewed by state, national and international regulatory agencies and potential customers. Such research could result in future regulations restricting the manufacture or use of our products, liability for adverse environmental or health effects linked to our products, and/or de-selection of our products for specific applications. These restrictions, liability, and product de-selection could have a material adverse effect on our business, our financial condition and/or liquidity.

Scientists periodically conduct studies on the potential human health and environmental impacts of chemicals, including products we manufacture and sell. Also, nongovernmental advocacy organizations and individuals periodically issue public statements alleging human health and environmental impacts of chemicals, including products we manufacture and sell. Based upon such studies or public statements, our customers may elect to discontinue the purchase and use of our products, even in the absence of any government regulation. Such actions could significantly decrease the demand for our products and, accordingly, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and profitability.

We are subject to certain risks related to litigation filed by or against us, and adverse results may harm our business.

We cannot predict with certainty the cost of defense, of prosecution or of the ultimate outcome of litigation and other proceedings filed by or against us, including penalties or other civil or criminal sanctions, or remedies or damage awards, and adverse results in any litigation and other proceedings may materially harm our business. Litigation and other proceedings may include, but are not limited to, actions relating to intellectual property, international trade, commercial arrangements, product liability, environmental, health and safety, joint venture agreements, labor and employment or other harms resulting from the actions of individuals or entities outside of our control. In the case of intellectual property litigation and proceedings, adverse outcomes could include the cancellation, invalidation or other loss of material intellectual property rights used in our business and injunctions prohibiting our use of business processes or technology that are subject to third-party patents or other third-party intellectual property rights. Litigation based on environmental matters or exposure to hazardous substances in the workplace or based upon the use of our products could result in significant liability for us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or profitability.

We remain subject to litigation relating to the Chapter 11 proceedings.

In connection with the Bankruptcy Cases, three appeals were filed relating to the confirmation of the Plan. Specifically, on September 15, 2014, U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”) as trustee for our previously issued 11.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2016 (the “Subordinated Notes”) filed its appeal (the “U.S. Bank Appeal”) before the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “District Court”) seeking a reversal of the Court’s determination that the Debtors’ Plan properly denied recovery to holders of the Subordinated Notes on the basis that those debt securities are contractually subordinated to our previously issued 9.00% Second-Priority Springing Lien Notes due 2021 and 9.50% Second-Priority Springing Lien Notes due 2021 (collectively, the “Old Second Lien Notes”). In addition, on September 16, 2014, BOKF, NA, as trustee for our previously issued 8.875% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (the “Old First Lien Notes”) (“First Lien Indenture Trustee”) and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee for our previously issued 10% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (the “Old Secured Notes”) (together with U.S. Bank and First Lien Trustee, the “Appellants”) filed their joint appeal (together with the U.S. Bank

Appeal, the “District Court Appeals”) before the District Court seeking reversal of the Bankruptcy Court’s determinations that (i) the Debtors were not required to compensate holders of the Old First Lien Notes and Old Secured Notes for any prepayment premiums and (ii) the interest rates on the 3.88% First Lien Notes due 2022 (the “First Lien Notes”) and the 4.69% Second Lien Notes due 2022 (the “Second Lien Notes”) provided to holders of the Old First Lien Notes and Old Secured Notes under the Plan was proper and in accordance with United States Bankruptcy Code. On November 11, 2014, the Debtors also filed a motion to dismiss the District Court Appeals (the “District Court Motion to Dismiss”) with the District Court asserting, inter alia, that granting the relief requested by the Appellants would be inequitable under the legal doctrine of equitable mootness. On May 5, 2015, the District Court dismissed the District Court Appeals (the “District Court Decision”) and affirmed the Bankruptcy Court Rulings. Because the District Court Appeals were decided on their merits, the District Court also terminated the District Court Motion to Dismiss as moot. All the Appellants appealed the District Court Decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (the “Second Circuit”, and the appeals, the “Second Circuit Appeals”). On September 3, 2015, the Debtors filed motions to dismiss the Second Circuit Appeals (the “Second Circuit Motions to Dismiss”) with the Second Circuit asserting, inter alia, that granting the relief requested by the Appellants would be inequitable under the legal doctrine of equitable mootness. On December 16, 2015, the Second Circuit denied the Second Circuit Motions to Dismiss but permitted the Debtors to raise issues of equitable mootness in their briefs on the merits of the Second Circuit Appeals. The merits briefing of the Second Circuit Appeals has been completed, and oral argument on the Second Circuit Appeals was held on November 9, 2016. The Second Circuit has not yet issued a decision with respect to the Second Circuit Appeals. We cannot predict with certainty the ultimate outcome of the Second Circuit Appeals. An adverse outcome could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition by reducing our liquidity and/or increasing our interest costs.

Because we manufacture and use materials that are known to be hazardous, we are subject to, or affected by, certain product and manufacturing regulations, for which compliance can be costly and time consuming. In addition, we may be subject to personal injury or product liability claims as a result of human exposure to such hazardous materials.

We produce hazardous chemicals that require care in handling and use that are subject to regulation by many U.S. and non-U.S. national, supra-national, state and local governmental authorities. In some circumstances, these authorities must review and, in some cases approve, our products and/or manufacturing processes and facilities before we may manufacture and sell some of these chemicals. To be able to manufacture and sell certain new chemical products, we may be required, among other things, to demonstrate to the relevant authority that the product does not pose an unreasonable risk during its intended uses and/or that we are capable of manufacturing the product in compliance with current regulations. The process of seeking any necessary approvals can be costly, time consuming and subject to unanticipated and significant delays. Approvals may not be granted to us on a timely basis, or at all. Any delay in obtaining, or any failure to obtain or maintain, these approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new products and to generate revenue from those products. New laws and regulations may be introduced in the future that could result in additional compliance costs, bans on product sales or use, seizures, confiscation, recall or monetary fines, any of which could prevent or inhibit the development, distribution or sale of our products and could increase our customers’ efforts to find less hazardous substitutes for our products. We are subject to ongoing reviews of our products and manufacturing processes.

Products we have made or used could be the focus of legal claims based upon allegations of harm to human health. While we cannot predict the outcome of suits and claims, we believe that we maintain adequate reserves, in accordance with our policy, to address litigation and are adequately insured to cover foreseeable future claims. However, an unfavorable outcome in these litigation matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or profitability and cause our reputation to decline.

We are subject to claims from our customers and their employees, environmental action groups and neighbors living near our production facilities.

We produce and use hazardous chemicals that require appropriate procedures and care to be used in handling them or in using them to manufacture other products. As a result of the hazardous nature of some of the products we produce and use, we may face claims relating to incidents that involve our customers’ improper handling, storage and use of our products. Additionally, we may face lawsuits alleging personal injury or property damage by neighbors living near our production facilities. These lawsuits could result in substantial damage awards against us, which in turn could encourage additional lawsuits and could cause us to incur significant legal fees to defend such lawsuits, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or profitability. In addition, the activities of environmental action groups could result in litigation or damage to our reputation.

As a global business, we are subject to numerous risks associated with our international operations that could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have significant manufacturing and other operations outside the United States. Some of these operations are in jurisdictions with unstable political or economic conditions. There are numerous inherent risks in international operations, including, but not limited to:

restrictions on our ability to repatriate dividends from our subsidiaries;

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unsettled political conditions and possible terrorist attacks against U.S. interests; and

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natural disasters or other catastrophic events.

Our international operations expose us to different local political and business risks and challenges. For example, we face potential difficulties in staffing and managing local operations, and we have to design local solutions to manage credit risks of local customers and distributors. In addition, some of our operations are located in regions that may be politically unstable, having particular exposure to riots, civil commotion or civil unrests, acts of war (declared or undeclared) or armed hostilities or other national or international calamity. In some of these regions, our status as a U.S. company also exposes us to increased risk of sabotage, terrorist attacks, interference by civil or military authorities or to greater impact from the national and global military, diplomatic and financial response to any future attacks or other threats.

Some of our operations are located in regions with particular exposure to natural disasters such as storms, floods, fires and earthquakes. It would be difficult or impossible for us to relocate these operations and, as a result, any of the aforementioned occurrences could materially adversely affect our business.

In addition, intellectual property rights may be more difficult to enforce in non-U.S. or non-Western Europe countries.

Our overall success as a global business depends, in part, upon our ability to succeed under different economic, social and political conditions. We may fail to develop and implement policies and strategies that are effective in each location where we do business, and failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is subject to foreign currency risk.

In 2016, approximately 67% of our net sales originated outside the United States. In our consolidated financial statements, we translate our local currency financial results into U.S. dollars based on average exchange rates prevailing during a reporting period or the exchange rate at the end of that period. During times of a strengthening U.S. dollar, at a constant level of business, our reported international revenues and earnings would be reduced because the local currency would translate into fewer U.S. dollars.

In addition to currency translation risks, we incur a currency transaction risk whenever one of our operating subsidiaries enters into a purchase or a sales transaction or indebtedness transaction using a different currency from the currency in which it records revenues. Given the volatility of exchange rates, we may not manage our currency transaction and/or translation risks effectively, and volatility in currency exchange rates may materially adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations, including our tax obligations. Since most of our indebtedness is denominated in U.S. dollars, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar could make it more difficult for us to repay our indebtedness.

We have entered and expect to continue to enter into various hedging and other programs in an effort to protect against adverse changes in the non-U.S. exchange markets and attempt to minimize potential material adverse effects. These hedging and other programs may be unsuccessful in protecting against these risks. Our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if the U.S. dollar strengthens against non-U.S. currencies and our protective strategies are not successful. Likewise, a strengthening U.S. dollar provides opportunities to source raw materials more cheaply from foreign countries.

The European debt crisis and related European financial restructuring efforts have contributed to instability in global credit markets and may cause the value of the Euro to further deteriorate. If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in Europe, the United States or other key markets remain uncertain or deteriorate further, the value of the Euro and the global credit markets may weaken. While we do not transact a significant amount of business in Greece, Italy or Spain, the general financial instability in those countries could have a contagion effect on the region and contribute to the general instability and uncertainty in the European Union. If this were to occur, it could adversely affect our European customers and suppliers and in turn have a materially adverse effect on our international business and results of operations.

Fluctuations in energy costs could have an adverse impact on our profitability and negatively affect our financial condition.

Oil and natural gas prices have fluctuated greatly over the past several years and we anticipate that they will continue to do so. Natural gas and electricity are essential to our manufacturing processes, which are energy-intensive. Our energy costs represented approximately 5% of our total cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2016, 6% for the year ended December 31, 2015, and 7% for the year ended 2014, respectively.

Our operating expenses will increase if our energy prices increase. Increased energy prices may also result in greater raw materials costs. If we cannot pass these costs through to our customers, our profitability may decline. In addition, increased energy costs may also negatively affect our customers and the demand for our products.

If our energy prices decrease, we expect benefits in the short-run with decreased operating expenses and increased operating income, but may face increased pricing pressure from competitors that are similarly impacted by energy prices and could see reduced demand for certain of our products that are sold to participants in the energy sector. As a result, profitability may decrease over an extended period of time of lower energy prices. Moreover, any future increases in energy prices after a period of lower energy prices may have an adverse impact on our profitability for the reasons described above.

We face increased competition from other companies and from substitute products, which could force us to lower our prices, which would adversely affect our profitability and financial condition.

The markets that we operate in are highly competitive, and this competition could harm our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. Our competitors include major international producers as well as smaller regional competitors. We may be forced to lower our selling price based on our competitors’ pricing decisions, which would reduce our profitability. This has been further magnified by the impact of the recent global economic downturn, as companies have focused more on price to retain business and market share. In addition, we face competition from a number of products that are potential substitutes for our products. Growth in substitute products could adversely affect our market share, net sales and profit margins.

There is also a trend in our industries toward relocating manufacturing facilities to lower cost regions, such as Asia, which may permit some of our competitors to lower their costs and improve their competitive position. Furthermore, there has been an increase in new competitors based in these regions.

Some of our competitors are larger, have greater financial resources, have a lower cost structure, and/or have less debt than we do. As a result, those competitors may be better able to withstand a change in conditions within our industry and in the economy as a whole. If we do not compete successfully, our operating margins, financial condition, cash flows and profitability could be adversely affected. Furthermore, if we do not have adequate capital to invest in technology, including expenditures for research and development, our technology could be rendered uneconomical or obsolete, negatively affecting our ability to remain competitive.

We have achieved significant cost savings as a result of the Shared Services Agreement with Hexion. If the Shared Services Agreement is terminated or further amended, if we have material disputes with Hexion regarding its implementation or if we are unable to implement new initiatives under the amended agreement, it could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, results of operations, and financial condition.

In October 2010, we entered into the Shared Services Agreement with Hexion. Under this agreement, we provide to Hexion, and Hexion provides to us, certain services, including, but not limited to, executive and senior management, administrative support, human resources, information technology support, accounting, finance, legal, and procurement services. We have realized significant cost savings under the Shared Service Agreement, including savings related to shared services and logistics optimization, best-of-source contractual terms, procurement savings, regional site rationalization, administrative and overhead savings. The Shared Services Agreement is subject to termination by Hexion (or us), without cause, on not less than thirty days prior written notice, and expires in October 2017 (subject to one-year renewals every year thereafter, absent contrary notice from either party). In conjunction with the consummation of the Plan and our emergence from Chapter 11, on October 24, 2014, the Shared Services Agreement was amended to, among other things, (i) exclude the services of certain executive officers, (ii) provide for a transition assistance period at the election of the recipient following termination of the Shared Services Agreement of up to 12 months, subject to one successive renewal period of an additional 60 days and (iii) provide for the use of an independent third-party audit firm to assist the Shared Services Steering Committee with its annual review of billings and allocations.

If the Shared Services Agreement is terminated, or if the parties to the amended agreement have material disagreements with its implementation, it could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, results of operations and financial condition, as we would need to replace the services no longer being provided by Hexion, and would lose a portion of the benefits being generated under the agreement at the time.

We expect additional cost savings from our other strategic initiatives, and if we are unable to achieve these cost savings, or sustain our current cost structure, it could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, results of operations and financial condition.

We have not yet realized all of the cost savings and synergies we expect to achieve from our other strategic initiatives. A variety of risks could cause us not to realize the expected cost savings and synergies, including but not limited to, higher than expected severance costs related to staff reductions; higher than expected retention costs for employees that will be retained; higher than expected stand-alone overhead expenses; delays in the anticipated timing of activities related to our cost-saving plan; and other unexpected costs associated with operating our business.

If we are unable to achieve these cost savings or synergies it could adversely affect our profitability and financial condition. In addition, while we have been successful in reducing costs and generating savings, factors may arise that may not allow us to sustain our current cost structure. As market and economic conditions change, we may also make changes to our operating cost structure.

Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, and our inability to enforce these rights could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position.

We rely on the patent, trademark, copyright and trade-secret laws of the United States and the countries where we do business to protect our intellectual property rights. We may be unable to prevent third parties from using our intellectual property without our authorization. The unauthorized use of our intellectual property could reduce any competitive advantage we have developed, reduce our market share or otherwise harm our business. In the event of unauthorized use of our intellectual property, litigation to protect or enforce our rights could be costly, and we may not prevail.

Many of our technologies are not covered by any patent or patent application, and our issued and pending U.S. and non-U.S. patents may not provide us with any competitive advantage and could be challenged by third parties. Our inability to secure issuance of our pending

patent applications may limit our ability to protect the intellectual property rights these pending patent applications were intended to cover. Our competitors may attempt to design around our patents to avoid liability for infringement and, if successful, our competitors could adversely affect our market share. Furthermore, the expiration of our patents may lead to increased competition.

Our pending trademark applications may not be approved by the responsible governmental authorities and, even if these trademark applications are granted, third parties may seek to oppose or otherwise challenge these trademark applications. A failure to obtain trademark registrations in the United States and in other countries could limit our ability to protect our products and their associated trademarks and impede our marketing efforts in those jurisdictions.

In addition, effective patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries. In some countries we do not apply for patent, trademark or copyright protection. We also rely on unpatented proprietary manufacturing expertise, continuing technological innovation and other trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position. While we generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties to protect our intellectual property, these confidentiality agreements are limited in duration and could be breached, and may not provide meaningful protection of our trade secrets or proprietary manufacturing expertise. Adequate remedies may not be available if there is an unauthorized use or disclosure of our trade secrets and manufacturing expertise. In addition, others may obtain knowledge about our trade secrets through independent development or by legal means. The failure to protect our processes, apparatuses, technology, trade secrets and proprietary manufacturing expertise, methods and compounds could have a material adverse effect on our business by jeopardizing critical intellectual property.

Where a product formulation or process is kept as a trade secret, third parties may independently develop or invent and patent products or processes identical to our trade-secret products or processes. This could have an adverse impact on our ability to make and sell products or use such processes and could potentially result in costly litigation in which we might not prevail.

We could face intellectual property infringement claims that could result in significant legal costs and damages and impede our ability to produce key products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our production processes and products are specialized; however, we could face intellectual property infringement claims from our competitors or others alleging that our processes or products infringe on their proprietary technology. If we were subject to an infringement suit, we may be required to change our processes or products, or stop using certain technologies or producing the infringing product entirely. Even if we ultimately prevail in an infringement suit, the existence of the suit could cause our customers to seek other products that are not subject to infringement suits. Any infringement suit could result in significant legal costs and damages and impede our ability to produce key products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to extend or renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements with our works councils and labor unions as they expire from time to time, if disputes with our works councils or unions arise, or if our unionized or represented employees were to engage in a strike or other work stoppage, our business and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

As of December 31, 2016, approximately 45% of our employees were unionized or represented by works councils that were covered by collective bargaining agreements. In addition, some of our employees reside in countries in which employment laws provide greater bargaining or other employee rights than the laws of the United States. These rights may require us to expend more time and money altering or amending employees’ terms of employment or making staff reductions. For example, most of our employees in Europe are represented by works councils, which generally must approve changes in conditions of employment, including restructuring initiatives and changes in salaries and benefits. A significant dispute could divert our management’s attention and otherwise hinder our ability to conduct our business or to achieve planned cost savings.

We may be unable to timely extend or renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements as they expire. For example, a majority of our manufacturing personnel at our Sistersville, WV site are covered by a collective bargaining agreement that expires in July 2017. We also may be subject to strikes or work stoppages by, or disputes with, our labor unions in connection with these collective bargaining agreements or otherwise. In November 2016, approximately 600 workers at our Waterford, NY facility went on strike in response to not reaching agreement on the terms for a new contract after the existing agreement expired in June 2016. In November 2016, the union at our Willoughby, OH facility representing approximately 50 employees also went on strike for two weeks in response to not reaching agreement on the terms for a new contract. The new contract involving the Local 81359 and Local 81380 unions in our Waterford, NY site and Local 84707 union in our Willoughby, OH site was ratified by union membership in February 2017 and is effective until June 2019.

If we fail to extend or renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements, if additional disputes with our works councils or unions arise or if our unionized or represented workers engage in a further strike or other work stoppage, we could incur higher labor costs or experience a significant disruption of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

Our pension plans are unfunded or under-funded and our required cash contributions could be higher than we expect, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity.

We sponsor various pension and similar benefit plans worldwide.

As of December 31, 2016, our U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans were under-funded in the aggregate by $119 and $172, respectively. We are legally required to make contributions to our pension plans in the future, and those contributions could be material.

Our future funding obligations for our employee benefit plans depend upon the levels of benefits provided for by the plans, the future performance of assets set aside for these plans, the rates of interest used to determine funding levels, the impact of potential business dispositions, actuarial data and experience, and any changes in government laws and regulations. In addition, certain of our funded employee benefit plans hold a significant amount of equity securities. If the market values of these securities decline, our pension expense and funding requirements would increase and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

If the performance of assets in the funded plans does not meet our expectations, our cash contributions for these plans could be higher than we expect, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity.

Natural or other disasters have, and could in the future disrupt our business and result in loss of revenue or higher expenses.

Any serious disruption at any of our facilities or our suppliers’ facilities due to hurricane, fire, earthquake, flood, terrorist attack or any other natural or man-made disaster could impair our ability to use our facilities and have a material adverse impact on our revenues and increase our costs and expenses. If there is a natural disaster or other serious disruption at any of our facilities or our suppliers’ facilities, it could impair our ability to adequately supply our customers and negatively impact our operating results.

For example, our manufacturing facility in Leverkusen, Germany was impacted by the effects of a fire on November 12, 2016. We produce a variety of finished silicone products at this plant, including highly specialized silicone products.

Also, our manufacturing facility in Ohta, Japan and the manufacturing facilities of certain of our suppliers were impacted by the effects of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan on March 11, 2011 and related events. Our Ohta facility is one of two facilities globally where we internally produce siloxane, a key intermediate required in our manufacturing process of silicones. We also produce a variety of finished silicone products at this plant, including highly specialized silicone products. We were able to shift only certain amounts of production to our other facilities throughout the world over the short term. Our Ohta plant, which is approximately 230 kilometers away from the nuclear power plant at Fukushima, Japan that incurred significant damage as a result of the earthquake, was our closest facility to the area affected by the earthquake and tsunami. We also have manufacturing and research facilities in Kozuki and Kobe, Japan that produce ceramic products, and administration offices in Tokyo, Nagoya and Fukuoka, Japan, none of which were significantly impacted by the earthquake. In addition, our manufacturing facilities, primarily those located in the Asia Pacific region, purchase certain raw materials from suppliers throughout Japan. Normal plant operations at our Ohta facility were restored in early May 2011, but uncertainty in Japan continued primarily with respect to the country’s energy infrastructure. To the extent further events or actions in Japan occur that impact its energy supply, including, but not limited to: rolling blackouts, restrictions on power usage, radiation exposure from nuclear power plants or the imposition of evacuation zones around such plants, it could materially and adversely affect our operations, operating results and financial condition.

In addition, many of our current and potential customers are concentrated in specific geographic areas. A disaster in one of these regions could have a material adverse impact on our operations, operating results and financial condition. Our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our losses from a disaster, in which case our unreimbursed losses could be substantial.

Acquisitions and joint ventures that we pursue may present unforeseen integration obstacles and costs, increase our leverage and negatively impact our performance. Divestitures that we pursue also may present unforeseen obstacles and costs.

We have made acquisitions of related businesses, and entered into joint ventures in the past and we may do so in the future. Acquisitions may require us to assume or incur additional debt financing, resulting in additional leverage and complex debt structures. If such acquisitions are consummated, the risk factors we describe above and below, and for our business generally, may be intensified.

Our ability to implement our growth strategy is limited by covenants in our ABL Facility, indentures and other indebtedness, our financial resources, including available cash and borrowing capacity, and our ability to integrate or identify appropriate acquisition and joint venture candidates.

The expense incurred in consummating acquisitions of related businesses, or our failure to integrate such businesses successfully into our existing businesses, could result in our incurring unanticipated expenses and losses. Furthermore, we may not be able to realize any anticipated benefits from acquisitions or joint ventures. The process of integrating acquired operations into our existing operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and may require significant financial resources that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development or expansion of existing operations.

In addition we may pursue divestitures of certain of our businesses as one element of our portfolio optimization strategy. Divestitures may require us to separate integrated assets and personnel from our retained businesses and devote our resources to transitioning assets and services to purchasers, resulting in disruptions to our ongoing business and distraction of management.

Security breaches and other disruptions to our information technology infrastructure could interfere with our operations, and could compromise our information and the information of our customers and suppliers, exposing us to liability which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

In the ordinary course of business, we rely upon information technology networks and systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities, including supply chain, manufacturing, distribution, invoicing, and collection of payments from customers. We use information technology systems to record, process and summarize financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with regulatory financial reporting, legal and tax requirements. Additionally, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary

business information, the propriety business information of our customers and suppliers, as well as personally identifiable information of our customers and employees, in data centers and on information technology networks. The secure operation of these information technology networks, and the processing and maintenance of this information is critical to our business operations and strategy. Despite security measures and business continuity plans, our information technology networks and infrastructure may be vulnerable to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to attacks by hackers or breaches due to employee error or malfeasance, or other disruptions during the process of upgrading or replacing computer software or hardware, power outages, computer viruses, telecommunication or utility failures or natural disasters or other catastrophic events. The occurrence of any of these events could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability or regulatory penalties under laws protecting the privacy of personal information, disrupt operations, and damage our reputation, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Limitations on our use of certain product-identifying information, including the GE name and monogram, could adversely affect our business and profitability.

Prior to December 2006, substantially all of our products and services were marketed using the GE brand name and monogram, and we believe the association with GE provided our products and services with preferred status among our customers and employees due to GE’s globally recognized brands and perceived high quality. We and GE are parties to a trademark license agreement, which was entered into in December 2006 and amended in May 2013, that grants us a limited right to, among other things, use the GE mark and monogram on our sealant, adhesive and certain other products. These rights extend for a term of five years through December 3, 2018, with options that allow us to renew the license through 2023, subject to certain terms and conditions, including the payment of royalties. We also have the right to use numerous product specifications that contain the letters “GE” for the life of the respective products. While we continue to use the GE mark and monogram on these products and continue to use these product specifications, we are not able to use the GE mark and monogram on other products, use GE as part of our name or advertise ourselves as a GE company. While we have not yet experienced any significant loss of business as a result of our limited use of the GE mark and monogram, our business could be disadvantaged in the future by the loss of association with the GE name on our sealant, adhesive and certain other products.

Our financial condition or results of operations will not be comparable to the financial condition or results of operations reflected in our historical financial statements.

Since October 24, 2014, we have been operating under a new capital structure. In addition, as required by fresh-start accounting, at October 24, 2014 our assets and liabilities were recorded at fair value, which are significantly different than amounts in our historical financial statements. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations from and after the Effective Date will not be comparable to the financial condition or results of operations reflected in our historical financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

We may be unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet our consolidated debt service payments.

We have substantial consolidated indebtedness. As of December 31, 2016, we had $1,203 of consolidated outstanding indebtedness. Our projected annualized cash interest expense is approximately $55 based on our consolidated indebtedness and letters of credit outstanding and interest rates at December 31, 2016 without giving effect to any subsequent borrowings under our ABL Facility, substantially all of which represents cash interest expense on fixed-rate obligations.

Our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to make scheduled debt service payments depends on a range of economic, competitive and business factors, many of which are outside of our control. Continued or increased weakness in economic conditions and our performance beyond our expectations would exacerbate these risks. Our business may generate insufficient cash flows from operations to meet our debt service and other obligations, and currently anticipated cost savings, capital investment plans, working capital reductions and operating improvements may not be realized on schedule, or at all. To the extent our cash flow from operations is insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, aside from our current liquidity, we would be dependent on outside capital to meet the funding of our debt service obligations and to fund capital expenditures and other obligations. We were previously forced to take actions to restructure and refinance our indebtedness and there can be no assurance we will be able to meet our scheduled debt service obligations in the future.

If we are unable to meet our expenses and debt service obligations, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity, sell assets or issue additional equity securities. We may be unable to refinance any of our indebtedness, sell assets or issue equity securities on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which could cause us to default on our obligations and result in the acceleration of our debt obligations. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our outstanding debt obligations, or to refinance our obligations on commercially reasonable terms, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Availability under the ABL Facility is subject to a borrowing base based on a specified percentage of eligible accounts receivable and inventory and, in certain foreign jurisdictions, machinery and equipment. As of December 31, 2016, the borrowing base (including various reserves) was determined to be approximately $215, and we had approximately $55 of drawn letters of credit and no revolver borrowings under the ABL Facility. The borrowing base (including various reserves) is updated on a monthly basis, so the actual borrowing base could be lower in the future. To the extent the borrowing base is lower than we expect, that could significantly impair our liquidity.

Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations and limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry.

Our substantial consolidated indebtedness and other commitments and obligations could have other important consequences, including but not limited to the following:

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it may limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our operations or business;

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we are more highly leveraged than many of our competitors, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage;

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it may make us more vulnerable to downturns in our business or the economy;

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a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations will be dedicated to the repayment of our indebtedness and will not be available for other purposes;

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it may restrict us from making strategic acquisitions, introducing new technologies, or exploiting business opportunities;

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it may make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our existing indebtedness;

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it may adversely affect terms under which suppliers provide material and services to us; and

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it may limit our ability to borrow additional funds or dispose of assets.

There would be a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition if we were unable to service our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, as needed.

Despite our substantial indebtedness, we may still be able to incur significant additional indebtedness. This could intensify the risks described above and below.

We may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although the terms governing our indebtedness contain restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to numerous qualifications and exceptions, and the indebtedness we may incur in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. Increasing our indebtedness could intensify the risks described above and below.

transfer all or substantially all of our assets or enter into merger or consolidation transactions.

As a result of these covenants, we are limited in the manner in which we conduct our business, and we may be unable to engage in favorable business activities or finance future operations or capital needs.

If the availability under the ABL Facility falls below certain thresholds, we will be subject to a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. If we are unable to maintain compliance with such ratio or other covenants in the ABL Facility, an event of default could result.

The credit agreement governing the ABL Facility requires us to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 at any time when the availability is less than the greater of (a) 12.5% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total ABL Facility commitments at such time and (b) $27. The fixed charge coverage ratio under the agreement governing the ABL Facility is generally defined as the ratio of (a) Adjusted EBITDA minus non-financed capital expenditures and cash taxes to (b) debt service plus cash interest expense plus certain restricted payments, each measured on a last twelve months, or LTM, basis.

A breach of our fixed charge coverage ratio, if in effect, could, if not waived, result in an event of default under our ABL Facility. Pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement governing the ABL Facility, our direct parent company will have the right, but not the obligation, to cure such default through the purchase of additional equity in up to three of any four consecutive quarters. If a breach of a fixed charge coverage ratio covenant is not cured or waived, or if any other event of default under the ABL Facility occurs, the lenders under such credit facility:

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would not be required to lend any additional amounts to us;

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could elect to declare all borrowings outstanding under such ABL Facility, together with accrued and unpaid interest and fees, due and payable and could demand cash collateral for all letters of credit issued thereunder;

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could apply all of our available cash that is subject to the cash sweep mechanism of the ABL Facility to repay these borrowings; and/or

any or all of which could result in an event of default under our notes.

The ABL Facility also provides for “springing control” over the cash in our deposit accounts constituting collateral for the ABL Facility, and such cash management arrangements include a cash sweep at any time that availability under the ABL Facility is less than the greater of (1) 12.5% of the lesser of the borrowing base and the total ABL Facility commitments at such time and (2) $27. Such cash sweep, if in effect, will cause all our available cash to be applied to outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility. If we satisfy the conditions to borrowing under the ABL Facility while any such cash sweep is in effect, we may be able to make additional borrowings under the ABL Facility to satisfy our working capital and other operational needs. If we do not satisfy the conditions to borrowing, we will not be permitted to make additional borrowings under the ABL Facility, and we will not have sufficient cash to satisfy our working capital and other operational needs. The availability threshold for triggering a cash sweep is the same availability threshold for triggering the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant under the ABL Facility.

The terms governing our indebtedness limit our ability to sell assets and also restrict the use of proceeds from that sale. We may be unable to sell assets quickly enough or for sufficient amounts to enable us to meet our obligations. Furthermore, a substantial portion of our assets is, and may continue to be, intangible assets. Therefore, it may be difficult for us to pay our consolidated debt obligations in the event of an acceleration of any of our consolidated indebtedness.

If the indebtedness under the ABL Facility or our existing notes were to be accelerated after an event of default, our respective assets may be insufficient to repay such indebtedness in full and our lenders could foreclose on the assets pledged under the applicable facility, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Repayment of our debt, including required principal and interest payments, depends on cash flows generated by our subsidiaries, which may be subject to limitations beyond our control.

Our subsidiaries own a significant portion of our consolidated assets and conduct a significant portion of our consolidated operations. Repayment of our indebtedness depends, to a significant extent, on the generation of cash flows and the ability of our subsidiaries to make cash available to us by dividend, debt repayment or otherwise. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or may not be permitted to, make distributions to enable us to make payments on our indebtedness. Each subsidiary is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from subsidiaries. While there are limitations on the ability of our subsidiaries to incur consensual restrictions on their ability to pay dividends or make intercompany payments, these limitations are subject to certain qualifications and exceptions. In the event that we are unable to receive distributions from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness.

A downgrade in our debt ratings could restrict our access to, and negatively impact the terms of, current or future financings or trade credit.

S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) maintain credit ratings on us and certain of our debt. Subsequent to the Emergence our ratings were downgraded by Moody’s in January 2016. The ratings assigned by both ratings agencies to our debt issued in connection with the Emergence are currently below investment grade. Any decision by these ratings agencies to further downgrade such ratings or put them on negative watch in the future could restrict our access to, and negatively impact the terms of, current or future financings and trade credit extended by our suppliers of raw materials or other vendors.

Risks Related to Momentive’s Common Stock

There is a limited public market for our common stock.

There are substantial risks in investing in our common stock given the general illiquid nature of such securities. There is a limited public trading market for our securities. In March 2016, our common stock was approved to trade on the OTCQX market. Holders of our securities may nevertheless find it difficult or impossible to find a qualified purchaser for such securities at any price. Because of this, the quoted prices of our stock on the OTCQX may not reflect exactly the value of our common stock.

Our stock price may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and stockholders may not be able to resell shares at or above the price at which the shares were acquired.

The price for our common stock may be volatile and may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, most of which we cannot control, including, among others:

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changes in economic trends or the continuation of current economic conditions;

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industry cycles and trends;

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changes in government and environmental regulation;

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adverse resolution of new or pending litigation against us;

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changes in laws or regulations governing our business and operations;

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the sustainability of an active trading market for our common stock; and

These and other factors may lower the price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the event of a drop in the price of our common stock, you could lose a substantial part or all of your investment in our common stock.

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, we could incur substantial costs and our resources and the attention of management could be diverted from our business.

Future sales of our common stock, or the perception that these sales may occur, may depress the price of our common stock.

Additional sales of a substantial number of our shares of common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional shares. As of February 15, 2017, we had 48,058,114 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Substantially all of these shares have been registered by Momentive’s registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-201338) filed December 31, 2014 (“Form S-1”), which became effective on July 2, 2015 or otherwise are freely tradable. The selling stockholders covered by the Form S-1 beneficially own a significant amount of our common stock. The sale of all or a portion of the shares by the selling stockholders or our other stockholders, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the price of our common stock to decrease significantly.

Pursuant to the Company’s Registration Rights Agreement, the selling stockholders have certain demand and piggyback rights that may require us to file additional registration statements registering their common stock or to include sales of such common stock in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or other stockholders. Any shares of common stock sold under these registration statements or this prospectus will be freely tradable. In the event such registration rights are exercised and a large number of shares of common stock is sold, such sales could reduce the trading price of our common stock. These sales also could impede our ability to raise future capital. Additionally, we will bear all expenses in connection with this registration and any such registrations, except that the selling stockholders may be responsible for their pro rata shares of underwriters’ discounts and commissions, stock transfer taxes and certain legal expenses.

As a holding company, our only material assets will be our equity interests in our operating subsidiaries, and our principal source of revenue and cash flow will be distributions from such subsidiaries, which may be limited by law and/or contract in making such distributions.

As a holding company, our principal source of revenue and cash flow will be distributions from our subsidiaries. Therefore, our ability to carry out our business plan, to fund and conduct our business, service our debt and pay dividends (if any) in the future will depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to generate sufficient net income and cash flows to make upstream cash distributions to us. Our subsidiaries are separate legal entities, and although they may be wholly owned or controlled by us, they have no obligation to make any funds available to us, whether in the form of loans, dividends or otherwise. The ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash to us may also be subject to, among other things, future restrictions that are contained in our subsidiaries’ agreements (as entered into from time to time), availability of sufficient funds in such subsidiaries and applicable laws and regulatory restrictions. Claims of creditors of our subsidiaries generally will have priority as to the assets of such subsidiaries over our claims and claims of our creditors and stockholders. To the extent the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to us could be limited in any way, this could materially limit our ability to fund and conduct our business, service our debt and pay dividends (if any).

Apollo is our largest stockholder and has significant influence over us, and its interests may conflict with or differ from your interests as a stockholder.

As of December 31, 2016, Apollo and its affiliates beneficially own approximately 40% of our common stock. In connection with the Emergence, Apollo designated four of our eleven directors. As a result of that representation, Apollo has the ability to exert significant influence over us. The interests of Apollo could conflict with or differ from the interests of our other stockholders. For example, the concentration of ownership held by Apollo could delay, defer, cause or prevent a change of control of us or impede a merger, takeover or other business combination that you as a stockholder may otherwise view favorably. Apollo is in the business of making or advising on investments in companies and holds, and may from time to time in the future acquire, interests in or provide advice to businesses that directly or indirectly compete with certain portions of our business or are suppliers or customers of ours. Apollo may also pursue acquisitions that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (“Certificate of Incorporation”) provides that we expressly renounce any interest or expectancy in any business opportunity, transaction or other matter in which Apollo, the Ad Hoc Group (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation) or any of their respective affiliates (with respect to Apollo, the “Apollo Group”) participates or desires or seeks to participate in, even if the opportunity is one that we would reasonably be deemed to have pursued if given the opportunity to do so.

Provisions in our organizational documents may delay or prevent our acquisition by a third party.

Our Certificate of Incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws (“Bylaws”) contain several provisions that may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire control of us without the approval of our board of directors. These provisions also may delay, prevent or deter a merger, acquisition, tender offer, proxy contest or other transaction that might otherwise result in our stockholders receiving a premium over the market price for their common stock. These provisions include, among others:

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provisions relating to the appointment of directors for a period of time following the Emergence;

provisions requiring stockholders to hold at least 33% of our outstanding common stock in the aggregate to request special meetings;

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provisions that provide that the doctrine of “corporate opportunity” will not apply with respect to Apollo, the Ad Hoc Group (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation) and their respective affiliates with respect to the Company; and

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provisions that require a non-interim Chief Executive Officer to review any business combination transaction.

These provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws could discourage potential takeover attempts and reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for our common stock in the future, which could reduce the market price of our common stock.

Our headquarters is located in Waterford, NY. Our major manufacturing facilities are primarily located in North America, Europe and Asia. We operate 9 domestic production and manufacturing facilities in 6 states and 14 foreign production and manufacturing facilities, primarily in China, Germany, Italy and Japan. We also have 5 standalone technology research centers.

We believe our production and manufacturing facilities are well maintained and effectively utilized and are adequate to operate our business. Following are our production and manufacturing facilities, executive offices and technology research centers:

Various claims, lawsuits and administrative proceedings are pending or threatened against us and/or our subsidiaries, arising from the ordinary course of business with respect to commercial, product liability, employee, environmental and toxic exposure matters. Historically, we have not faced any litigation matters or series of litigation matters that have had a material adverse impact on our business. In addition, we do not believe that there is any pending or threatened litigation, either individually or in the aggregate, that is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business. We cannot predict with certainty the outcome of any litigation or the potential for future litigation and any such matters, if they occur, could materially adversely affect our business and operations.

Appeals Relating to the Confirmation of the Plan in the Bankruptcy Cases

In connection with the Bankruptcy Cases, three appeals were filed relating to the confirmation of the Plan. Specifically, on September 15, 2014, U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”) as trustee for the Subordinated Notes filed its appeal (the “U.S. Bank Appeal”) before the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “District Court”) seeking a reversal of the Court’s determination that the Debtors’ Plan properly denied recovery to holders of the Subordinated Notes on the basis that those debt securities are contractually subordinated to the Old Second Lien Notes. In addition, on September 16, 2014, BOKF, NA, as trustee for the Old First Lien Notes (“First Lien Indenture Trustee”) and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee for the Old Secured Notes (together with U.S. Bank and First Lien Trustee, the “Appellants”) filed their joint appeal (together with the U.S. Bank Appeal, the “District Court Appeals”) before the District Court seeking reversal of the Bankruptcy Court’s determinations that (i) the Debtors were not required to compensate holders of the Old First Lien Notes and Old Secured Notes for any prepayment premiums and (ii) the interest rates on First Lien Notes and Second Lien Notes provided to holders of the Old First Lien Notes and Old Secured Notes under the Plan was proper and in accordance with United States Bankruptcy Code. On November 11, 2014, the Debtors also filed a motion to dismiss the District Court Appeals (the “District Court Motion to Dismiss”) with the District Court asserting, inter alia, that granting the relief requested by the Appellants would be inequitable under the legal doctrine of equitable mootness. On May 5, 2015, the District Court dismissed the District Court Appeals (the “District Court Decision”) and affirmed the Bankruptcy Court Rulings. Because the District Court Appeals were decided on their merits, the District Court also terminated the District Court Motion to Dismiss as moot. All the Appellants appealed the District Court Decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (the “Second Circuit”, and the appeals, the “Second Circuit Appeals”). On September 3, 2015, the Debtors filed motions to dismiss the Second Circuit Appeals (the “Second Circuit Motions to Dismiss”) with the Second Circuit asserting, inter alia, that granting the relief requested by the Appellants would be inequitable under the legal doctrine of equitable mootness. On December 16, 2015, the Second Circuit denied the Second Circuit Motions to Dismiss but permitted the Debtors to raise issues of equitable mootness in their briefs on the merits of the Second Circuit Appeals. The merits briefing of the Second Circuit Appeals is has been completed, and oral argument on the Second Circuit Appeals was held on November 9, 2016. The Second Circuit has not yet issued a decision with respect to the Second Circuit Appeals. We cannot predict with certainty the ultimate outcome of the Second Circuit Appeals.

Environmental Matters

Our operations are subject to extensive environmental regulation at the federal, state and international level and our production facilities require operating permits that are subject to renewal or modification. Our operations also involve the use, handling, processing, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials, and we may be exposed to the risk of claims for environmental remediation or restoration.

We have adopted and implemented health, safety and environmental policies, which include systems and procedures governing environmental emissions, waste generation, process safety management, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, worker health and safety requirements, emergency planning and response, and product stewardship. In order to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, and maintenance of permits, we have incurred and will continue to incur costs, including capital expenditures for projects related to environmental improvements. In addition, pursuant to applicable hazardous waste regulations, we are required to provide financial assurances for contingent future costs associated with certain hazardous waste management and remedial activities. We have obtained $43 in letters of credit for financial assurance required under applicable hazardous waste regulations, including $33 for closure and postclosure care at the Waterford, NY and Sisterville, WV facilities, and $10 (annual aggregate) for accidental occurrences at those facilities. One or more of our U.S. facilities may also in the future be subject to additional financial assurance requirements imposed by governmental authorities, including the USEPA. In this regard, the USEPA has identified chemical manufacturing as an industry for which it plans to develop, as necessary, proposed regulations identifying appropriate financial assurance requirements pursuant to §108(b) of CERCLA.

We are currently conducting investigations and/or cleanup of known or potential contamination at several of our facilities, and have been named as a potentially responsible party at several third party Superfund sites. In connection with our creation on December 3, 2006, through the acquisition of certain assets, liabilities and subsidiaries of GE that comprised GE Advanced Materials, an operating unit within the Industrial Segment of GE, by Momentive Performance Materials Holdings Inc. (the parent company of MPM prior to its emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy) and its subsidiaries (the “GE Advanced Materials Acquisition”), GE has agreed to indemnify us for liabilities associated with contamination at former properties and for liabilities associated with third-party waste disposal sites. GE has also agreed that if we suffer any losses that are the subject of an indemnification obligation under a third party contract with respect to which GE is an indemnitee, GE will pursue such indemnification on our behalf and provide us with any benefits received.

While we do not anticipate material costs in excess of current reserves and/or available indemnification relating to known or potential environmental contamination, the discovery of additional contamination, or the imposition of more stringent cleanup requirements, could require us to make significant expenditures in excess of such reserves and/or indemnification.

We have been named as a defendant in a series of multi-defendant lawsuits based on our alleged involvement in the supply of allegedly hazardous materials. The plaintiffs seek damages for alleged personal injury resulting from exposure to various chemicals. These claims have not resulted in material judgments or settlements historically and we do not anticipate that these claims present any material risk to our business in the future. In addition, we have been indemnified by GE for any liability arising from any such claims existing prior to the consummation of the GE Advanced Materials Acquisition. However, we cannot predict with certainty the outcome of any such claims or the involvement we might have in such matters in the future.

In 2008, we became aware and disclosed to the NYSDEC that, in certain instances, our Waterford, NY, facility may have failed to comply with the State and federal regulatory requirements governing the treatment of hazardous waste. During 2008, the NYSDEC initiated an investigation into these disclosures and issued a notice of violation alleging certain noncompliances. Subsequently, in the second quarter 2009, the USEPA and the U.S. Department of Justice sought, through search warrant and subpoena, additional information related to the alleged noncompliances. We are cooperating fully with the State and federal authorities. State and federal authorities have the statutory authority to seek civil and criminal sanctions, including but not limited to monetary penalties, for any noncompliances identified.

On March 4, 2016, Momentive’s common stock began trading on the OTCQX market, operated by OTC Markets Group Inc.

As of February 15, 2017, there were 37 stockholders of record of our common stock, one of which was Cede & Co., a nominee for The Depository Trust Company. All of our common stock held by brokerage firms, banks and other financial institutions as nominees for beneficial owners are considered to be held of record by Cede & Co., who is considered to be one stockholder of record. A greater number of holders of our common stock are “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares of common stock are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions. Because such shares of common stock are held on behalf of stockholders, and not by the stockholders directly, and because a stockholder can have multiple positions with different brokerage firms, banks and other financial institutions, we are unable to determine the total number of stockholders we have. MPM’s direct parent, MPM Intermediate Holdings Inc., is MPM’s sole stockholder.

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated, the range of high and low closing bid prices for our common stock:

Year 2016

High

Low

First quarter (from March 4, 2016)

$9.00

$6.70

Second quarter

$9.50

$7.00

Third quarter

$13.00

$9.50

Fourth quarter

$10.60

$7.65

Momentive has not paid any dividends since Momentive’s incorporation in 2014. MPM has not declared or paid any dividends since our emergence from bankruptcy in October 2014. For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors in accordance with applicable law and will be dependent upon then-existing conditions, including our financial condition and results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant. Our ABL Facility and the indentures that govern our notes impose restrictions on our ability to pay dividends. Therefore, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock will depend on, among other things, certain financial tests and whether we are in default under any of our debt instruments. Our future dividend policy will also depend on the requirements of any future financing agreements to which we may be a party and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, business opportunities, provision of applicable law and other factors that our board of directors may consider relevant. For a discussion of our cash resources and liquidity needs, see Item 7 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table presents Momentive’s and MPM’s summary historical financial information as of and for the periods presented. Prior to the Emergence Date, Momentive had not conducted any business operations. Accordingly, unless otherwise noted or suggested by context, all financial information and data and accompanying financial statements and corresponding notes, as of and prior to the Emergence Date, as contained herein, reflect the actual historical consolidated results of operations and financial condition of MPM for the periods presented and do not give effect to the Plan of Reorganization or any of the transactions contemplated thereby or the adoption of “fresh-start” accounting.

Upon emergence from bankruptcy on the Effective Date, we adopted fresh start accounting, which resulted in the creation of a new entity for financial reporting purposes. As a result of the application of fresh start accounting, as well as the effects of the implementation of the Plan, the consolidated financial statements on or after October 24, 2014 are not comparable with the consolidated financial statements prior to that date. Refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015, successor period from October 25, 2014 through December 31, 2014, the predecessor period from January 1, 2014 through October 24, 2014 and the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements.

You should read the following selected historical financial data in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Risk Factors” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, successor period from October 25, 2014 through December 31, 2014 and the predecessor period from January 1, 2014 through October 24, 2014 with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere herein. The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs, and which involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements.”

Overview and Outlook

MPM Holdings Inc. (“Momentive”) andMomentive Performance Materials Inc. (“MPM”), both Delaware corporations, together with their subsidiaries (collectively referred to herein as “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”), are one of the world’s largest producers of silicones, silicone derivatives and organofunctional silanes and a global leader in the development and manufacture of products derived from quartz and specialty ceramics. Silicones are a multi-functional family of materials used in a wide variety of products and serve as a critical ingredient in many construction, transportation, healthcare, personal care, electronic, consumer and agricultural uses. Silicones and silanes are generally used as additives to a wide variety of end products in order to provide or enhance certain of their attributes, such as resistance (heat, ultraviolet light and chemical), lubrication, adhesion or viscosity. Some of the most well-known end-use product applications include bath and shower caulk, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels, polyurethane foam products, cosmetics and tires. Due to the versatility and high-performance characteristics of silicones and silanes, they are increasingly being used as a substitute for other materials. Our Quartz business manufactures quartz, specialty ceramics and crystal products for use in a number of high-technology industries, which typically require products made to precise specifications. The cost of our products typically represents a small percentage of the overall cost of our customers’ products.

We serve more than 4,000 customers between our Silicones and Quartz businesses in over 100 countries. Our customers include leading companies in their respective industries.

Chapter 11 Bankruptcy and Emergence

On April 13, 2014, the Debtors filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the Court. The Chapter 11 proceedings were jointly administered under the caption In re MPM Silicones, LLC, et al., Case No. 14-22503. During the bankruptcy proceedings, we continued to operate our business as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Court until MPM’s emergence from the Chapter 11 proceedings on October 24, 2014 (the “Effective Date”).

On September 11, 2014, the Court confirmed the Plan, and on the Effective Date the Plan became effective and MPM emerged from the Chapter 11 proceedings. Upon emergence, we reduced our total aggregate debt obligations from approximately $3.2 billion at December 31, 2013 to approximately $1.2 billion at December 31, 2014, and reduced our annual cash interest payments from nearly $300 to approximately $58. As of December 31, 2016, we had $2,606 of total assets, $2,122 of total liabilities, and $484 of total equity.

Reportable Segments

Our business segments are based on the products that we offer and the markets that we serve. At December 31, 2016, we had two reportable segments: Silicones and Quartz.

The Company's organizational structure continues to evolve. We are also continuing to refine our business and operating structure to better align our services to our customers and improve our cost position, while continuing to invest in global growth opportunities.

2016 Overview

•

Net Sales—Net sales in 2016 were $2,233, a decrease of 2% compared with $2,289 in 2015. This decrease was primarily due to volume decrease of $42 in line with our intentional efforts to reduce under-performing siloxane derivative products, as well as negative price and mix shift of $16, caused by declines in oil and gas markets. In addition, there were favorable exchange rate fluctuations of $2 due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar against other currencies.

•

Net Loss—Net loss in 2016 was $163 and $161 for Momentive and MPM, respectively, an increase of $80 and $79, respectively, compared to $83 and $82, respectively in 2015. This was due to lower sales, higher selling, general and administrative expense, higher restructuring and other costs, and higher other operating expense offset by lower cost of sales.

•

Segment EBITDA—Segment EBITDA in 2016 was $238 and $240 for Momentive and MPM, respectively, an increase of $44 and $45, respectively, compared to $194 and $195, respectively in 2015. This increase was primarily due to improved demand in automotive and electronics market, production efficiencies, and raw material deflation.

The expansion of our capability to manufacture NXT* silane, which is an innovative product used in the production of tires, and can offer tire manufacturers the ability to reduce rolling resistance without loss of wet traction, as well as deliver benefits in the tire manufacturing process. This expansion will double our current NXT* silane manufacturing capacity and is expected to be completed in 2017.

2017 Outlook

As we look into 2017, we expect continued growth in demand in our specialty silicones businesses, particularly as we continue our investment in developing new products to support future growth. We anticipate that our first quarter volumes and revenues will be similar to rates we experienced in the second half of 2016 and we anticipate growth in subsequent quarters due to improving global economic conditions. We are well positioned to leverage our leadership positions, optimize our portfolio and invest in and drive new growth programs. Additionally we expect 2017 sales results to reflect our intentional efforts to reduce under-performing siloxane derivative products and grow higher margin specialty portions of our portfolio.

Our business is impacted by general economic and industrial conditions, including general industrial production, automotive builds, housing starts, construction activity, consumer spending and semiconductor capital equipment investment and these factors could have negative effects to our profitability and liquidity. Our business has both geographic and end market diversity which often reduces the impact of any one of these factors on our overall performance.

We are continuing to invest in growth opportunities in our higher-growth product lines and geographical regions, and will leverage the combination of our proprietary technologies, strategic investments in key assets and leading presence in high-growth end markets to benefit as the global economy recovers and for long-term success. We are also focused on gaining productivity efficiencies to reduce material costs and improve margins through investments in reliable and stable operations. We continue to evaluate additional actions, as well as productivity measures, that could lead to further saving and such actions could result in more significant restructuring, exit and disposal costs and asset impairments in the future.

Pursuant to our earlier announcements during the fourth quarter of 2015 and as expanded in March and May of 2016, approximately $35 in annual structural cost reduction initiatives through our global restructuring program have been implemented and have begun delivering savings, of which approximately $29 were delivered in 2016. At the same time, we initiated strategic actions to address our global siloxane manufacturing capacity including transformation of our Leverkusen, Germany facility by rationalizing siloxane capacity and making further investments in specialty assets through the NXT* silanes expansion, which is on track. In the fourth quarter of 2016, we completed the siloxane rationalization at our Leverkusen, Germany facility and it will reduce operating costs by approximately $10 per year.

*NXT is a trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.

Shared Services Agreement

In October 2010, we entered into a shared services agreement with Hexion (the “Shared Services Agreement”), pursuant to which we provide to Hexion, and Hexion provides to us, certain services, including, but not limited to, executive and senior management, administrative support, human resources, information technology support, accounting, finance, legal and procurement services. The Shared Services Agreement was renewed for one year starting in October 2016 and is subject to termination by either us or Hexion, without cause, on not less than 30 days’ written notice, and expires in October 2017 (subject to one-year renewals every year thereafter; absent contrary notice from either party). The Shared Services Agreement establishes certain criteria upon which the costs of such services are allocated between us and Hexion and requires that the Steering Committee formed under the agreement meet no less than annually to evaluate and determine an equitable allocation percentage. The allocation percentage is reviewed by the Steering Committee pursuant to the terms of the Shared Services Agreement.

The Shared Services Agreement has resulted in significant synergies for us, including shared services and logistics optimization, procurement savings, regional site rationalization and administrative and overhead savings. Despite the Bankruptcy Filing, the Shared Services Agreement has continued in effect along with the majority of the savings from these synergies. In conjunction with our emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy, on October 24, 2014, the Shared Services Agreement was amended to, among other things, (i) exclude the services of certain executive officers, (ii) provide for a transition assistance period at the election of the recipient following termination of the Shared Services Agreement of up to 12 months, subject to one successive renewal period of an additional 60 days and (iii) provide for the use of an independent third-party audit firm to assist the Steering Committee with its annual review of billings and allocations.

Matters Impacting Comparability of Results

Fresh Start Accounting

Momentive became the indirect parent company of MPM in accordance with the Plan upon MPM’s emergence from Chapter 11 on October 24, 2014 (the “Effective Date”). As a result of the application of fresh start accounting, at the Effective Date, our assets and liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values which, in some cases, are significantly different than amounts included in our financial statements prior to the Effective Date. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations on and after the Effective Date are not comparable to our financial condition and results of operations prior to the Effective Date.

During the application of fresh start accounting, we re-evaluated our accounting policy with respect to which overhead costs were production-related, as well as the extent to which functional costs supported production-related activities. As a result, certain costs were recorded in cost of sales rather than selling, general and administrative expense in the successor period.

Other Comprehensive Income

Our other comprehensive income is significantly impacted by foreign currency translation. The impact of foreign currency translation is driven by the translation of assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries which are denominated in functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The primary assets and liabilities driving the adjustments are cash and cash equivalents; accounts receivable; inventory; property, plant and equipment; goodwill and other intangible assets; accounts payable and pension and other postretirement benefit obligations. The primary currencies in which these assets and liabilities are denominated are the euro and Japanese yen. Prior to October 24, 2014, other comprehensive income included the impact of defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit adjustments. Upon the application of fresh start accounting, beginning on and after October 24, 2014, actuarial gains and losses resulting from pension and postretirement liability re-measurements are recognized immediately in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, compared to our prior policy of deferring such gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortizing them over future periods. The impact of defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit adjustments prior to October 24, 2014 were primarily driven by unrecognized actuarial gains and losses related to our defined benefit and other postretirement benefit plans, as well as the subsequent amortization of gains and losses from accumulated other comprehensive income in periods following the initial recording of such items. These actuarial gains and losses were determined using various assumptions, the most significant of which were (i) the weighted average rate used for discounting the liability, (ii) the weighted average expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, (iii) the weighted average rate of future salary increases and (iv) the anticipated mortality rate tables.

Raw Materials

In 2016, we purchased approximately $846 of raw materials. The largest raw material used in our Silicones business is silicon metal. The cost of silicon metal comprised approximately 21% of our total raw material costs in our Silicones' manufacturing processes in 2016. Raw materials continue to trend favorably for us and for silicon metal industry and we have continually worked to review our existing global supply agreements to seek more favorable terms and we expect to significantly benefit year on year from improved raw material pricing in 2017.

The largest raw material used in our Quartz business is a specific type of sand, which is currently available from a limited number of suppliers. Because Unimin controls a significant amount of the quartz sand market, it exercises significant control over quartz sand prices, which have been steadily increasing. In April 2015, we entered into a purchase agreement with Unimin, which expired on December 31, 2016. We are currently negotiating the terms of a new long term supply agreement with Unimin, and expect to enter into an agreement within the first half of 2017. Since the expiration of our agreement with Unimin, purchases from Unimin have been handled through purchase orders without disruption of supply to our Quartz business and we expect that process to continue if we are unable to enter into a new agreement

We expect long-term raw material cost fluctuations to continue because of price movements of key feedstocks. To help mitigate the fluctuations in raw material pricing, we have purchase and sale contracts and commercial arrangements with many of our vendors and customers that contain periodic price adjustment mechanisms. Due to differences in the timing of pricing mechanism trigger points between our sales and purchase contracts, there is often a “lead-lag” impact. In many cases this “lead-lag” impact can negatively impact our margins in the short term in periods of rising raw material prices and positively impact them in the short term in periods of falling raw material prices.

(Loss) income before income taxes and earnings from unconsolidated entities

(144

)

(71

)

(60

)

1,718

Income tax expense

18

13

—

36

(Loss) income before earnings from unconsolidated entities

(162

)

(84

)

(60

)

1,682

Earnings from unconsolidated entities, net of taxes

1

2

—

3

Net (loss) income

$

(161

)

$

(82

)

$

(60

)

$

1,685

Other comprehensive income (loss)

$

16

$

(64

)

$

(28

)

$

(202

)

Net Sales

In 2016, net sales decreased by $56, or 2%, compared to 2015. This decrease was primarily due to volume decrease of $42 in line with our intentional efforts to reduce under-performing siloxane derivative products, as well as negative price and mix shift of $16, caused by declines in oil and gas markets. In addition, there were favorable exchange rate fluctuations of $2 due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar against other currencies.

In 2015, net sales decreased by $187, or 8%, compared to 2014. This decrease was primarily due to unfavorable exchange rate fluctuations of $156 due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro and Japanese yen during 2015 as compared to 2014, as well as negative price and mix shift, which negatively impacted net sales by $46 caused by economic downturns in China, slowness in Asian high end automotive markets and a downturn in the oil and gas market. These decreases were partially offset by volume increases of $17.

In 2016, operating income decreased by $95 and $94 for Momentive and MPM, respectively, from an operating income of $11 and $12, respectively to an operating loss of $84 and $82, respectively. Cost of sales decreased by $49 compared to 2015 primarily due to a decrease in net processing costs of $80, partially offset by $35 in accelerated depreciation primarily related to certain long-lived assets mainly triggered by siloxane capacity transformation programs in Germany.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $62 and $61 for Momentive and MPM, respectively, compared to 2015 primarily due to $49 in re-measurement of our pension and other postretirement liabilities. The incremental increase was driven by increased merit and incentive compensation, partially offset by various cost reduction actions. Research and development expense for 2016 decreased by $1 compared to 2015 primarily related to the timing of new projects.

Restructuring and other costs for 2016 increased by $10 compared to 2015 mainly due to costs arising from a fire at our Leverkusen, Germany facility and $13 for one-time costs triggered by the siloxane capacity transformation programs. These were partially offset by $11 in reduced severance costs compared to 2015.

Other operating expense increased by $17, primarily due to an increase of $11 in impairments and disposals of certain assets and equipment. In addition, in 2015 there was a settlement gain of $6 related to the resolution of a customer dispute.

2015 vs 2014 Operating Results

In 2015, operating income increased $137 and $138, for Momentive and MPM, respectively, from an operating loss of $126 to an operating income of $11 and $12, respectively, for Momentive and MPM, respectively. Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization of $105 and $14 in the successor year ended December 31, 2015 and successor period from October 25, 2014 through December 31, 2014, respectively, due to the change in presentation of depreciation and amortization, as described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) decreased by $38 compared to 2014. In conjunction with the application of fresh start accounting, we re-evaluated our accounting policy with respect to which overhead costs were production-related, as well as the extent to which functional costs supported production-related activities. As a result, in the Successor period, certain costs were recorded in cost of sales rather than in selling, general and administrative expense. In addition, in 2014, $35 of non cash one-time costs related to fresh start accounting were recorded in cost of sales. Cost of sales was positively impacted by favorable exchange rate fluctuations of $115 driven by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro and Japanese yen and production mix of $13. This reduction in cost of sales was partially offset by higher net processing costs of $15.

Selling, general and administrative expense (excluding depreciation and amortization of $48 and $8 in the successor year ended December 31, 2015 and period from October 25, 2014 through December 31, 2014, respectively, due to the presentation change discussed above) decreased by $269 and $270 for Momentive and MPM, respectively, compared to 2014. As discussed above, in 2015, certain costs which previously had been recorded in selling, general and administrative expense are being recorded in cost of sales. Additionally, selling, general and administrative expense benefited from favorable exchange rate fluctuations of $25 as discussed above and $31 related to the re-measurement of our pension and other postretirement liabilities. Selling, general and administrative expense in 2014 included foreign currency losses of approximately $94 related to certain intercompany arrangements for which we were unable to assert permanent reinvestment during the Predecessor period due to the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern under our prior capital structure.

Depreciation and amortization expense during 2015 was $153 compared to $169 in 2014. Depreciation and amortization expense in 2014 included $12 of accelerated depreciation related to certain long-lived assets that were disposed of before the end of their estimated useful lives. Research and development expense for 2015 decreased by $11compared to 2014 primarily related to the timing of new projects. Restructuring and other costs for 2015 increased by $7 compared to 2014 which was primarily due to severance benefits related to the global restructuring announced in November 2015.

Non-Operating Expense (Gain)

In 2016, total non-operating expense decreased by $21, from an expense of $83 to an expense of $62, compared to 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a gain of $9 related to recovery of a tax claim from GE, $6 due to lower reorganization expense in 2016 and $3 in lower interest expense.

In 2015, total non-operating expense increased by $1,867, from an income of $1,784 to an expense of $83, compared to 2014. The increase was primarily driven by reorganization income items, net of $1,969 in 2014 (see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information). This increase was offset by a decrease in interest expense of $98, which was primarily due to a reduction in total debt outstanding as a result of restructuring our capital structure in conjunction with the implementation of the Plan.

Income Tax Expense

In 2016, income tax expense increased by $5 compared to 2015. The effective income tax rate was (13%) for 2016 compared to (18%) for 2015. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the amount and distribution of income and loss among the various jurisdictions in which we operate. The effective tax rate was also impacted by the movement in the valuation allowance. The valuation allowance, which relates principally to U.S. and certain non-U.S. deferred tax assets, was established and maintained based on our assessment that a portion

of the deferred tax assets will likely not be realized. Due to fluctuations in pre-tax income or loss between jurisdictions with and without a valuation allowance established, our historical effective tax rates are likely not indicative of our future effective tax rates.

In 2015, income tax expense decreased by $23 compared to 2014. The effective income tax rate was (18%) for 2015 compared to 2% for 2014. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the amount and distribution of income and loss among the various jurisdictions in which we operate. The effective tax rate was also impacted by the tax impact of the reorganization and fresh start accounting net of the movement in valuation allowance. The valuation allowance, which relates principally to U.S. and certain non-U.S. deferred tax assets, was established and maintained based on our assessment that a portion of the deferred tax assets will likely not be realized.

For 2016, profits and losses incurred in foreign jurisdictions with statutory tax rates less than 35% (primarily China, Germany and Thailand) comprised the largest portion of the foreign rate differential. For 2015, China comprised the largest portion of the foreign rate differential. For 2014, Germany comprised the largest portion of the foreign rate differential.

We are recognizing the earnings of non-U.S. operations currently in our U.S. consolidated income tax return as of December 31, 2016 and are expecting that, with the exception of Germany and Japan, all earnings will be repatriated to the United States. We have accrued the incremental tax expense expected to be incurred upon the repatriation of these earnings. In addition, we have certain intercompany arrangements that, if settled, may trigger taxable gains or losses based on foreign currency exchange rates in place at the time of settlement. As a result, we are asserting permanent reinvestment with respect to certain intercompany arrangements considered indefinite.

Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

For the year ended December 31, 2016, pension and postretirement benefit adjustments positively impacted other comprehensive income by $17, primarily due to the recognition of net prior service credit related to the effect of plan redesign triggered by certain changes to company sponsored post-retiree medical, dental, vision and life insurance benefit plans.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, foreign currency translation negatively impacted other comprehensive loss by $65, primarily due to the impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro. In 2015, pension and postretirement benefit negative impact on other comprehensive loss was $1 compared to $69 in 2014 due to the recognition of prior service costs in 2014 following provision changes to our U.S. pension plan.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, foreign currency translation negatively impacted other comprehensive income by $2, primarily due to the impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro and Japanese yen. For the year ended December 31, 2014, pension and postretirement benefit adjustments negatively impacted other comprehensive income by $70, primarily due to net unrecognized actuarial losses driven by a decrease in the discount rate at October 24, 2014, partially offset by favorable asset experience. In connection with the application of fresh start accounting, on October 24, 2014, total accumulated unrecognized net gains of $162 were eliminated from accumulated other comprehensive income (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information).

Following are net sales and Segment EBITDA by reportable segment. Segment EBITDA is defined as EBITDA (earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization) adjusted for certain non-cash items and certain other income and expenses. Segment EBITDA is the primary performance measure used by our senior management, the chief operating decision-maker and the Board of Directors to evaluate operating results and allocate capital resources among segments. Segment EBITDA is also a principle profitability measure used to set management and executive incentive compensation goals. Segment EBITDA should not be considered a substitute for net income (loss) or other results reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Segment EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

In 2015, we redefined our internal reporting structure and now allocate additional administrative functional costs to the operating segments. The current presentation of Segment EBITDA includes a Corporate component rather than the Other component previously disclosed. Corporate is primarily corporate, general and administrative expenses that are not allocated to the segments, such as certain shared service and administrative functions. Segment EBITDA for all periods presented was retrospectively revised to conform with the current presentation.

MPM HOLDINGS INC.

Successor

Predecessor

Year Ended December 31, 2016

Year Ended December 31, 2015

Period from October 25, 2014 through December 31, 2014

Period from January 1, 2014 through October 24, 2014

Net Sales(1):

Silicones

$

2,061

$

2,112

$

431

$

1,866

Quartz

172

177

34

145

Total

$

2,233

$

2,289

$

465

$

2,011

Segment EBITDA:

Silicones(2)

$

257

$

201

$

44

$

213

Quartz

20

27

6

17

Corporate

(39

)

(34

)

(4

)

(38

)

Total

$

238

$

194

$

46

$

192

MOMENTIVE PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC.

Successor

Predecessor

Year Ended December 31, 2016

Year Ended December 31, 2015

Period from October 25, 2014 through December 31, 2014

Period from January 1, 2014 through October 24, 2014

Net Sales(1):

Silicones

$

2,061

$

2,112

$

431

$

1,866

Quartz

172

177

34

145

Total

$

2,233

$

2,289

$

465

$

2,011

Segment EBITDA:

Silicones(2)

$

257

$

201

$

44

$

213

Quartz

20

27

6

17

Corporate

(37

)

(33

)

(4

)

(38

)

Total

$

240

$

195

$

46

$

192

(1)Inter-segment sales are not significant and, as such, are eliminated within the selling segment.

Following is an analysis of the percentage change in sales by segment from 2015 to 2016:

Volume

Price/Mix

Currency

Translation

Total

Silicones

(1

)%

(1

)%

—

%

(2

)%

Quartz

(4

)%

—

%

1

%

(3

)%

Silicones

Net sales in 2016 decreased $51, or 2%, compared to 2015. This decrease was primarily due to a volume decrease of $35 in line with our intentional efforts to reduce under-performing siloxane derivative products, as well as negative price and mix shift of $16, caused by declines in agriculture and oil and gas markets.

Segment EBITDA in 2016 increased by $56 to $257 compared to 2015. This increase was primarily due to improved demand in automotive and electronics market, production efficiencies, and raw material deflation.

Quartz

Net sales in 2016 decreased $5, or 3%, compared to 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a volume decrease of $7 caused by softening of the end user demand offset by favorable currency impacts.

Segment EBITDA in 2016 decreased by $7 to $20 compared to 2015. The decrease was primarily due to the inclusion of a settlement gain of $6 related to the resolution of customer dispute in the first quarter of 2015.

Corporate

Corporate charges are primarily general and administrative expenses that are not allocated to the segments, such as shared service and administrative functions. Compared to 2015, Corporate charges increased by $5 and $4 for Momentive and MPM, respectively, to $39 and $37, respectively, mainly due to merit increase and higher incentive based compensation.

2015 vs 2014 Segment Results

Following is an analysis of the percentage change in sales by segment from 2014 to 2015:

Volume

Price/Mix

Currency

Translation

Total

Silicones

(1

)%

(2

)%

(5

)%

(8

)%

Quartz

4

%

—

%

(5

)%

(1

)%

Silicones

Net sales in 2015 decreased $185, or 8%, compared to 2014. The decrease was primarily due to unfavorable exchange rate fluctuations of $147 due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro and Japanese yen, as well as adverse price and mix shift of $46 due to economic downturns in China, slowness in Asian high end automotive markets and a downturn in the oil and gas market. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in sales volume.

Segment EBITDA in 2015 decreased by $56 to $201 compared to 2014. The decrease was primarily due to net unfavorable exchange rate fluctuations, negative price and mix shift and higher net processing costs. The decrease was partially offset by reductions in selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses.

Quartz

Net sales in 2015 decreased $2, or 1%, compared to 2014. The decrease was primarily due to net unfavorable exchange rate fluctuations of $9, partially offset by an increase in sales volume of $7.

Segment EBITDA in 2015 increased by $4 to $27 compared to 2014. The increase was primarily due to a settlement gain related to the resolution of a customer dispute in the first quarter of 2015, increase in sales volume and reductions in selling, general and administrative expenses partially offset by higher net processing costs.

Corporate charges are primarily general and administrative expenses that are not allocated to the segments, such as shared service and administrative functions. Corporate charges decreased by $9 to $33 compared to 2014, primarily due to net favorable exchange rate fluctuations and lower administrative costs to serve.