Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Trends in Prevalence, Awareness, Management, and Control of Hypertension Among United States Adults, 1999 to 2010

Fangjian Guo, Di He, Wei Zhang and R. Grace Walton

Table 3

Table 3

Age–Adjusted Prevalence of Hypertension and Pre-Hypertension among U.S. Adults (≥20 Years): NHANES 1999 to 2010

1999–2000

2001–2002

2003–2004

2005–2006

2007–2008

2009–2010

p Value⁎

Hypertension

All

29.6 (26.7–32.4)

29.0 (27.3–30.8)

30.7 (28.5–32.9)

29.9 (28.0–31.8)

30.6 (29.2–32.0)

29.5 (27.7–31.4)

0.763

20–39 yrs

7.6 (4.5–10.7)

6.7 (5.6–7.8)

7.2 (5.6–8.8)

7.3 (5.4–9.1)

8.2 (6.4–9.9)

7.0 (5.5–8.6)

0.862

40–59 yrs

30.2 (26.3–34.1)

29.3 (25.6–33.0)

33.1 (28.7–37.5)

31.2 (27.6–34.8)

32.2 (29.7–34.7)

30.3 (26.3–34.3)

0.696

60+ yrs

66.1 (62.2–69.9)

66.9 (63.4–70.4)

67.2 (63.9–70.5)

66.5 (63.3–69.8)

66.5 (62.9–70.0)

66.7 (63.1–70.2)

0.948

Male

29.1 (24.9–33.2)

27.6 (25.1–30.1)

31.6 (28.5–34.6)

30.7 (28.1–33.4)

31.2 (29.6–32.7)

30.5 (27.9–33.1)

0.218

NH white

28.1 (23.3–33.0)

26.4 (24.1–28.7)

30.8 (27.0–34.6)

30.2 (26.9–33.4)

31.4 (29.2–33.5)

29.8 (26.4–33.1)

0.141

NH black

38.0 (35.3–40.7)

41.2 (37.9–44.5)

39.8 (35.8–43.9)

42.4 (36.8–48.0)

38.9 (33.5–44.3)

39.6 (37.1–42.2)

0.676

Mex Am

27.4 (23.8–30.9)

23.1 (19.7–26.5)

27.1 (23.2–31.0)

21.1 (17.7–24.5)

27.6 (22.2–33.0)

26.3 (22.5–30.2)

0.882

Female

29.7 (27.4–32.0)

30.1 (28.4–31.7)

29.7 (27.3–32.0)

28.9 (27.2–30.5)

29.9 (28.2–31.6)

28.5 (26.6–30.3)

0.286

NH white

27.4 (24.3–30.6)

28.5 (26.6–30.5)

28.2 (25.5–30.9)

27.0 (25.2–28.9)

28.7 (26.1–31.4)

26.9 (24.1–29.7)

0.529

NH black

40.8 (37.6–44.1)

42.6 (37.9–47.3)

41.7 (37.3–46.1)

42.4 (39.7–45.1)

43.8 (40.2–47.3)

43.1 (37.8–48.4)

0.382

Mex Am

27.8 (24.2–31.4)

23.7 (21.8–25.6)

29.5 (25.4–33.6)

23.2 (19.7–26.6)

26.0 (23.3–28.7)

27.7 (25.0–30.3)

0.637

Pre-hypertension + hypertension

All

55.8 (52.7–59.0)

54.0 (52.0–56.0)

55.7 (53.2–58.1)

54.9 (52.3–57.5)

54.2 (51.7–56.7)

52.6 (50.1–55.0)

0.128

20–39 yrs

33.5 (28.4–38.5)

30.3 (27.7–32.8)

30.2 (27.1–33.2)

32.4 (28.8–35.9)

31.4 (27.5–35.3)

31.0 (29.2–32.9)

0.707

40–59 yrs

59.2 (54.1–64.3)

58.4 (54.6–62.2)

63.7 (59.5–68.0)

60.8 (57.1–64.5)

58.4 (54.5–62.3)

56.0 (51.5–60.6)

0.262

60+ yrs

88.7 (86.4–91.0)

87.6 (85.1–90.1)

86.3 (83.9–88.8)

83.9 (80.3–87.6)

86.4 (84.5–88.2)

83.8 (80.7–87.0)

0.011

Male

62.6 (58.0–67.1)

59.1 (55.2–63.0)

61.7 (58.0–65.5)

61.7 (58.7–64.7)

60.6 (57.4–63.8)

59.7 (56.8–62.6)

0.557

NH white

61.2 (55.8–66.5)

58.1 (54.3–62.0)

61.7 (57.0–66.5)

60.9 (56.9–64.8)

61.4 (57.8–65.1)

59.9 (56.2–63.6)

0.915

NH black

70.2 (65.1–75.3)

72.5 (69.0–75.9)

68.4 (63.0–73.8)

73.6 (69.2–78.0)

65.4 (59.8–71.0)

66.1 (61.8–70.4)

0.080

Mex Am

64.2 (58.6–69.7)

56.2 (51.0–61.5)

54.3 (47.0–61.6)

58.1 (53.6–62.6)

60.5 (51.2–69.8)

59.4 (55.4–63.4)

0.930

Female

48.9 (46.4–51.4)

48.9 (47.0–50.8)

49.5 (47.4–51.7)

48.1 (45.3–50.9)

47.8 (45.3–50.2)

45.4 (42.8–48.0)

0.025

NH white

46.8 (43.4–50.1)

47.1 (44.6–49.6)

47.7 (45.1–50.3)

47.5 (43.8–51.3)

46.4 (42.9–50.0)

43.5 (40.4–46.5)

0.079

NH black

59.3 (55.4–63.2)

60.7 (57.8–63.6)

61.2 (57.2–65.2)

59.8 (55.9–63.7)

59.4 (53.7–65.1)

62.5 (55.7–69.2)

0.625

Mex Am

48.1 (45.2–51.0)

42.6 (39.4–45.8)

48.6 (44.4–52.9)

42.7 (37.5–48.0)

43.8 (35.4–52.3)

43.4 (40.8–46.1)

0.156

Values are % (95% confidence interval).

Abbreviations as in Tables 1 and 2.

↵⁎ p value for linear trend, assessed with regression models, with 2-year survey cycle treated as a continuous variable, and adjusted for sex, ethnicity, and/or age group when appropriate. Age-adjusted: use the 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60+ years age groups to adjust to the 2000 Census population by the direct method.