...pressure; metasomatism, the metamorphism that includes the addition or subtraction of components from the original assemblage; poly-metamorphism, the effect of more than one metamorphic event; and hydrothermal metamorphism, the changes that occur in the presence of water at high temperature and pressure which affect the resulting mineralogy and rate of reaction....

any concentration of metallic minerals formed by the precipitation of solids from hot mineral-laden water (hydrothermal solution). The solutions are thought to arise in most cases from the action of deeply circulating water heated by magma. Other sources of heating that may be involved include energy released by radioactive decay or by faulting of the Earth’s crust....

any concentration of metallic minerals formed by the precipitation of solids from hot mineral-laden water (hydrothermal solution). The solutions are thought to arise in most cases from the action of deeply circulating water heated by magma. Other sources of heating that may be involved include energy released by radioactive decay or by faulting of the Earth’s crust....

hydrothermal (hot-water) vent formed on the ocean floor when seawater circulates through hot volcanic rocks, often located where new oceanic crust is being formed. Vents also occur on submarine volcanoes. In either case, the hot solution emerging into cold seawater precipitates mineral deposits that are rich in iron, copper, zinc, and other metals. Outflow of those heated waters probably accounts ...

...to dry climates. They prevail in deserts, Arctic and Alpine regions, and ice-free parts of Antarctica. Foliose, or leafy, thalli grow best in areas of frequent rainfall; two foliose lichens, Hydrothyria venosa and Dermatocarpon fluviatile, grow on rocks in freshwater streams of North America. Fruticose (stalked) thalli and filamentous forms prefer to utilize water in vapour......

Hydrogen processes, commonly known as hydrotreating, are the most common processes for removing sulfur and nitrogen impurities. The oil is combined with high-purity hydrogen, vapourized, and then passed over a catalyst such as tungsten, nickel, or a mixture of cobalt and molybdenum oxides supported on an alumina base. Operating temperatures are usually between 260 and 425 °C (500 and 800......

any of the illite group of clay minerals, including illite, bramallite (a sodium illite), and glauconite. They are structurally related to the micas; glauconite is also a member of the common-mica group. The hydrous micas predominate in shales and mudstones, but they also occur in other sediments. They are present among the clay minerals in soils; they are essentially nonswelling and impart excell...

Other acid derivatives include hydrazides, hydroxamic acids, and acyl azides. These compounds are formally derived from carboxylic acids and, respectively, hydrazine (NH2NH2), hydroxylamine (NH2OH), and hydrazoic acid (HN3). Imides are compounds with two RCO groups on a single nitrogen atom. The most common ones are cyclic, such as succinimide and......

any chemical compound containing one or more groups, each comprising one atom each of oxygen and hydrogen bonded together and functioning as the negatively charged ion OH-. The positively charged portion of the compound usually is the ion of a metal (e.g., sodium, magnesium, or aluminum), although it may be an organic group (e.g., guanidinium or tetramethylammonium). It i...

...effects on vegetable dyes and other properties) and the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. Correspondingly, basic (or alkaline) properties could then be associated with the presence of hydroxide ions (OH−) in aqueous solution, and the neutralization of acids by bases could be explained in terms of the reaction of these two ions to give the neutral molecule water......

Oxides and hydroxides are a large and diverse group of ore minerals. The major ore minerals of the geochemically abundant metals aluminum, iron, manganese, and titanium are either oxides or hydroxides, while the oxide-forming scarce metals are chromium, tin, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, and uranium. Vanadium is found mainly by atomic substitution in magnetite, a major oxide ore mineral of......

The 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-hydroxycarboxylic acids all lose water upon heating, although the products are not the same. The 2-hydroxy acids form cyclic dimeric esters (formed by the esterification of two molecules of the acid) called lactides, whereas the 3- and 4-hydroxy acids undergo intramolecular esterification to give cyclic esters called lactones. These reactions take place so readily, even......

Water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water. Because alcohols form hydrogen bonds with water, they tend to be relatively soluble in water. The hydroxyl group is......

phosphate mineral, calcium hydroxide phosphate [Ca5(PO4)3OH], that forms glassy, often green crystals and masses. It is seldom pure in nature but often occurs mixed with fluorapatite, in which fluorine substitutes for the hydroxyl (OH) group in the molecule. This mixture, called a solid-solution series, is a continuous chemical variation between ...

The hydroxyethyl moiety formed in [34] is immediately transferred to one of the two sulfur atoms (S) of the coenzyme (6,8-dithio-n-octanoate or lipS2) of the second enzyme in the complex, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (enzyme 2). The hydroxyethyl group attaches to lipS2 at one of its sulfur atoms, as shown in [35]; the result is that coenzyme lipS2 is......

Water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water. Because alcohols form hydrogen bonds with water, they tend to be relatively soluble in water. The hydroxyl group is......

Water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water. Because alcohols form hydrogen bonds with water, they tend to be relatively soluble in water. The hydroxyl group is......

Water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water. Because alcohols form hydrogen bonds with water, they tend to be relatively soluble in water. The hydroxyl group is......

(NH2OH), an oxygenated derivative of ammonia, used in the synthesis of oximes from aldehydes and ketones. Oximes are reduced easily to amines, which are used in the manufacture of dyes, plastics, synthetic fibres, and medicinals; the oxime of cyclohexanone can be converted to its isomer epsilon-caprolactam, from which nylon-6 is made. Hydroxylamine and its inorganic salts are powerful ...

phosphate mineral, calcium hydroxide phosphate [Ca5(PO4)3OH], that forms glassy, often green crystals and masses. It is seldom pure in nature but often occurs mixed with fluorapatite, in which fluorine substitutes for the hydroxyl (OH) group in the molecule. This mixture, called a solid-solution series, is a continuous chemical variation between ...

...glassmaking, the desired glass is formed by a chemical reaction. Chemical vapour deposition, or CVD, belongs to this latter category, with a good example being the making of silica glass by hydroxylation. In the hydroxylation technique, vapours of silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) are reacted at high temperatures with steam (H2O), causing a “soot” of silica......

glycogenic amino acid uniquely found in collagen, the chief structural protein of mammalian skin and connective tissue, and in some similar structural plant proteins. The hydroxyl group of hydroxylysine forms a chemical bond with...

...contains five fused benzene rings. Like several other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, it is carcinogenic. Aromatic compounds are widely distributed in nature. Benzaldehyde, anisole, and vanillin, for example, have pleasant aromas....

either of two colourless, crystalline organic compounds derived from naphthalene and belonging to the phenol family; each has the molecular formula C10H7OH. Both compounds have long been identified with the manufacture of dyes and dye intermediates; they also have important uses in other areas of the chemical industry....

an amino acid formed upon hydrolysis of connective-tissue proteins such as collagen (about 14 percent by weight) and elastin but rarely from other proteins. First isolated (1902) from gelatin, a breakdown product of collagen, hydroxyproline is one of several so-called nonessential amin...

The sodalite group also contains hydroxysodalite (hydroxide substitutes for chloride), nosean (containing sulfide and water), and haüynite (containing sulfide and having calcium partially replacing sodium). Nosean, found as gray, brown, or blue rounded grains containing inclusions, is a common constituent of volcanic ejecta. Haüynite (haüyne) varies in colour from white or gray......

a chemical substance that is derived from the amino acid tryptophan. It occurs in the brain, intestinal tissue, blood platelets, and mast cells and is a constituent of many venoms, including wasp venom and toad venom. Serotonin is a potent vasoconstrictor and functions as a neurotransmitter. It is concentrated in certain areas of the brain, especially the midbrain and the hypoth...

a nitrogen-containing organic compound formed as an intermediate compound from dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) during the metabolism of the amino acid tyrosine. It is the precursor of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. Dopamine also functions as a neurotransmitter—primarily by inhibiting the transmission of nerve impulses—in the substantia nigra, basal...

Hydroxyurea inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, an important element in DNA synthesis. It is used to reduce the high granulocyte count found in chronic myelocytic leukemia. Asparaginase breaks down the amino acid asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. Some cancer cells, particularly in certain forms of leukemia, require this amino acid for growth and development. Other agents, such......

The phylum Cnidaria is made up of four classes: Hydrozoa (hydrozoans); Scyphozoa (scyphozoans); Anthozoa (anthozoans); and Cubozoa (cubozoans). All cnidarians share several attributes, supporting the theory that they had a single origin. Variety and symmetry of body forms, varied coloration, and the sometimes complex life histories of cnidarians fascinate layperson and scientist alike.......

town and archiepiscopal see, Puglia (Apulia) region, southeastern Italy, on the east coast of the Salentine Peninsula (the “heel” of Italy), on the Strait of Otranto (40 miles [64 km] wide), opposite Albania. It is the easternmost town in Italy and is an old port of communication with Greece. Originally the ancient Greek settlement of Hydrus, it was known as Hydruntum by the Rom...

(Hydrurga leptonyx), generally solitary, earless seal (family Phocidae) that inhabits Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. The only seal that feeds on penguins, young seals, and other warm-blooded prey, the leopard seal is a slender animal with a relatively long head and long, three-cusped cheek teeth. It is named for its black-spotted, gray coat, and it attains a maximum length and weight...

town and archiepiscopal see, Puglia (Apulia) region, southeastern Italy, on the east coast of the Salentine Peninsula (the “heel” of Italy), on the Strait of Otranto (40 miles [64 km] wide), opposite Albania. It is the easternmost town in Italy and is an old port of communication with Greece. Originally the ancient Greek settlement of Hydrus, it was known as Hydruntum by the Rom...

constellation in the southern sky at about 2 hours right ascension and 70° south in declination. Its brightest star is Beta Hydri, with a magnitude of 2.8. This constellation was invented by Pieter Dircksz Keyser, a navigator who joined the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies in 1595 and who added ...

ancient city in Lucania, Italy, about 25 miles southeast of Paestum; home of the Eleatic school of philosophers, including Parmenides and Zeno. The city was founded about 535 bc by Phocaean Greek refugees on land seized from the native Oenotrians. Unlike other Greek cities in Italy, Elea was never captured by the Lucanians; it became a Roman ally around 275 and a municipium in...

The Asiatic chevrotains are placed in the genus Tragulus, which includes about three species found in forests from India to the Philippines. The water chevrotain (Hyemoschus aquaticus), larger than the Asiatic forms, is found in western equatorial Africa. It inhabits thick cover on the banks of rivers and, when disturbed, seeks escape in the water. ...

any of three species of coarse-furred, doglike carnivores found in Asia and Africa and noted for their scavenging habits. Hyenas have long forelegs and a powerful neck and shoulders for dismembering and carrying prey. Hyenas are tireless trotters with excellent sight, hearing, and smell for locating carrion, and they are proficient hunters as well. All hyenas ...

wild African carnivore that differs from the rest of the members of the dog family (Canidae) in having only four toes on each foot. Its coat is short, sparse, and irregularly blotched with yellow, black, and white. The African wild dog is about 76–102 cm (30–41 inches) long, exclusive of its 31–41-cm tail, stands about 60 cm (24 inches) tall at the shoulder, and weighs about 16–...

genus of herbaceous plants from the Middle Devonian Epoch (about 398 to 385 million years ago). Hyenia grew as a robust rhizome up to 5 cm (2 inches) in diameter and parallel to the soil surface. Upright branches up to 15 cm (about 6 inches) in height arose from the rhizome in a low spiral. Some branches divided sev...

...but secretly resented by everyone, including his estranged brother (played by Arthur Kennedy). Much of the film centres on Hirsh’s juggling his love affairs with both “good girl” Gwen (Martha Hyer) and the fun-loving Ginnie (MacLaine). Hirsh ultimately marries Ginnie, but their happiness is short-lived, as her ex-boyfriend (Steven Peck) returns and fatally shoots her....

oldest and most southerly resort and spa on the French Riviera, in the Var département, Provence–Alpes–Côte d’Azur région, east of Toulon. The new town of Hyères, sometimes called Hyères-les-Palmiers because of the beautiful palm trees in its wide avenues, is situated 3 miles (5 km) from the coast at the west end of...

city, capital of Yanggang do (province), northern North Korea. As a frontier city lying on the upper stream of the Yalu (Amnok) River, it was a fortress during the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910), under the name of Hyesanjin. In winter it is one of the coldest places in the country; a temperature of −44 °F (...

About 30 asteroids are larger than 200 km. The largest, Ceres, has a diameter of about 940 km (580 miles). It is followed by Vesta at 525 km (325 miles), Pallas at 510 km (320 miles), and (10) Hygiea at 410 km (250 miles). Three asteroids are between 300 and 400 km (190 and 250 miles) in diameter, and about 23 are between 200 and 300 km (120 and 190 miles). It has been estimated that 250......

in Greek religion, goddess of health. The oldest traces of her cult are at Titane, west of Corinth, where she was worshipped together with Asclepius, the god of medicine. At first no special relationship existed between her and Asclepius, but gradually she came to be regarded as his daughter; later literature, however, makes her his wife. The cult of Hygieia spread concurrently...

the science of preserving health. The subject embraces all agencies affecting the physical and mental well-being of humans. It involves, in its personal aspect, consideration of food, water and other beverages; clothing; work, exercise and sleep; personal cleanliness; and mental health. In its public aspect it deals with climate; soil; character, materials and arrangement of dwe...

...with humans can help prevent the body from generating inappropriate immune responses. This idea was first proposed in the late 1980s by American immunologist David P. Strachan in his hygiene hypothesis. The hypothesis suggested that small family size and increased personal hygiene reduced childhood exposure to infections and thereby resulted in the development of allergic disorders.......

...pleasure, marriage, and the consumption of wine and meat. The spread of Priscillianism throughout western and southern Spain and in southern Gaul disturbed the Spanish church, which, led by bishops Hyginus of Mérida and Ithacius of Ossonoba, soon opposed the new movement....

Latin author and scholar who, according to Suetonius (De Grammaticis, 20), was appointed by Augustus superintendent of the Palatine library. He went to Rome from Spain or Alexandria as a slave or perhaps a prisoner of war and was freed by Augustus....

pope from about 136 to about 140. Hyginus had been a philospher, possibly in Athens, before moving to Rome. The Liber Pontificalis credits him with organizing the hierarchy (ranks of the ruling body of clergy), but the same claim is made for Hormisdas. His pontificate witnessed the beginning in Rome of the cults formed around belief as esoteric knowledge of spiritual truth, which came to be...

Hygromycin is an antibiotic that may also be used as an anthelmintic in the form of a feed additive to eliminate or reduce ascarids, nodular worms (Oesophagostomum), and whipworms (Trichuris) of swine, and the large roundworms (Ascaridia) and cecal worms (Heterakis) of poultry....

Wood can absorb water as a liquid, if in contact with it, or as vapour from the surrounding atmosphere. Although wood can absorb other liquids and gases, water is the most important. Because of its hygroscopicity, wood, either as a part of the living tree or as a material, always contains moisture. (The terms water and moisture are used here without distinction.)......

dynasty of Palestinian origin that ruled northern Egypt as the 15th dynasty (c. 1630–1523 bce; see ancient Egypt: The Second Intermediate period). The name Hyksos was used by the Egyptian historian Manetho (fl. 300 bce), who, according to the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus...

Males of at least three South American species of Hyla build basinlike nests, 25 to 30 cm (10 to 12 inches) wide and 2 to 5 cm (1 to 2 inches) deep, in the mud of riverbanks. Water seeps into the basin, providing a medium for the eggs and young. Calling, mating, and oviposition take place in the nest, and the tadpoles undergo their development in the nest....

...in Europe, Australia, and across much of nontropical Asia. The genus Hyla includes hundreds of species; better-known representatives include the barking tree frog (H. gratiosa), the European green tree frog (H. arborea), whose range extends across Asia and into Japan, the gray tree frog (H. versicolor), the green frog (H. cinerea), and the Pacific tree frog......

...aquatic eggs is the placement of eggs on vegetation above water; this pattern occurs in some arboreal hylids, rhacophorids, ranids, and all species of the family Centrolenidae. H. ebraccata, a small Central American tree frog, deposits its eggs in a single layer on the upper surfaces of horizontal leaves, just a few inches above the pond. Upon hatching, the tadpoles......

...and green frogs (Rana clamitans) defend calling territories against intrusion by other males by kicking, bumping, and biting. The South American nest-building hylid, Hyla faber, has a long, sharp spine on the thumb with which males wound each other when wrestling. The small Central American Dendrobates pumilio calls from the leaves of......

...in the New World tropics but are also present in Europe, Australia, and across much of nontropical Asia. The genus Hyla includes hundreds of species; better-known representatives include the barking tree frog (H. gratiosa), the European green tree frog (H. arborea), whose range extends across Asia and into Japan, the gray tree frog (H. versicolor), the green frog......

...layer on the upper surfaces of horizontal leaves, just a few inches above the pond. Upon hatching, the tadpoles wriggle to the edge of the leaf and drop into the water. The Mexican H. thorectes suspends 10 to 14 eggs on ferns overhanging cascading mountain streams. The phyllomedusine hylids in the American tropics suspend clutches of eggs from leaves or stems above ponds.......

Two years before the Maidstone Iguanodon came to light, a different kind of skeleton was found in the Weald of southern England. It was described and named Hylaeosaurus by Mantell in 1832 and later proved to be one of the armoured dinosaurs. Other fossil bones began turning up in Europe: fragments described and named as Thecodontosaurus and ......

private, independent foundation established in 1970 by philanthropists John and Catherine MacArthur. The MacArthur Foundation’s mission is to “support creative people and effective institutions committed to building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world.” Based in Chicago, the foundation also has offices in India, Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia....

private, independent foundation established in 1970 by philanthropists John and Catherine MacArthur. The MacArthur Foundation’s mission is to “support creative people and effective institutions committed to building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world.” Based in Chicago, the foundation also has offices in India, Mexico, Nigeria, and Russia....

April 25, 1927Shaunavon, Sask.July 11, 2004Toronto, Ont.Canadian actress who concentrated mostly on stage work, starring in and directing productions at the Stratford and Shaw festivals in Ontario in addition to performing in numerous theatres across Canada and occasionally on Broadway and ...

The principle of radar was “rediscovered” at NRL in 1930 when L.A. Hyland observed that an aircraft flying through the beam of a transmitting antenna caused a fluctuation in the received signal. Although Hyland and his associates at NRL were enthusiastic about the prospect of detecting targets by radio means and were eager to pursue its development in earnest, little interest was......

in ancient Greek legend, son of Theiodamas (king of the Dryopians in Thessaly), favourite and companion of Heracles on the Argonautic expedition. Having gone ashore at Cios in Mysia to fetch water, he was dragged down by the nymphs of the spring in which he dipped his pitcher. Heracles sought him in vain; afterward, in memory of Heracles’ threat to ravage the land if Hylas was ...

...length 1.7 to about 14 cm (0.7 to 5.5 inches); 4 subfamilies: Pelodryadinae (Australo-Papuan region), Phyllomedusinae (Central and South America), Hemiphractinae (Central and South America), and Hylinae (North and South America, Europe, Asia except Indian subregion, and Africa north of Sahara).Family LeptodactylidaeEocene...

In 1929 Norwegian physicist Egil Hylleraas applied the Schrödinger equation to the helium atom with its two electrons. He obtained only an approximate solution, but his energy calculation was quite accurate. With Hylleraas’s explanation of the two-electron atom, physicists realized that the Schrödinger equation could be a powerful mathematical tool for describing nature on the atomic......

...which the female leads and the male joins in with less-complex notes, used as a territorial marker by both sexes. The various species of gibbons can be divided into four genera: Hoolock, Hylobates, Nomascus, and Symphalangus. Molecular data indicate that the four groups are as different from one another as chimpanzees are from humans....

The lars, a group of species classified in the genus Hylobates, are the smallest and have the densest body hair. The dark-handed gibbon (H. agilis), which lives on Sumatra south of Lake Toba and on the Malay Peninsula between the Perak and Mudah rivers, may be either tan or black and has white facial markings. The white-handed gibbon (H. lar), of northern......

...H. klossii), from the Mentawai Islands west of Sumatra, is completely black throughout its life. The sexes look alike in the silvery gibbon (H. moloch) of Java and in the white-bearded (H. albibarbis) and Müller’s (H. muelleri) gibbons, both from different parts of Borneo....

...and the female buff with a black cap and chest patch. The difference in colour comes about with age; the juveniles are buff and both sexes darken with age, but the male does so much more rapidly. Kloss’s gibbon (H. klossii), from the Mentawai Islands west of Sumatra, is completely black throughout its life. The sexes look alike in the silvery gibbon (H. moloch).....

...but the male does so much more rapidly. Kloss’s gibbon (H. klossii), from the Mentawai Islands west of Sumatra, is completely black throughout its life. The sexes look alike in the silvery gibbon (H. moloch) of Java and in the white-bearded (H. albibarbis) and Müller’s (H. muelleri) gibbons, both from different parts of......

...west of Sumatra, is completely black throughout its life. The sexes look alike in the silvery gibbon (H. moloch) of Java and in the white-bearded (H. albibarbis) and Müller’s (H. muelleri) gibbons, both from different parts of Borneo....

...The white-handed gibbon (H. lar), of northern Sumatra and most of the Malay Peninsula northward through Thailand into Yunnan, China, is similar but has white extremities. The pileated gibbon (H. pileatus), of southeastern Thailand and western Cambodia, has white hands and feet; the male is black and the female buff with a black cap and chest patch. The......

arboreal ape of the gibbon family (Hylobatidae), found in the forests of Sumatra and Malaya. The siamang resembles other gibbons but is more robust. The siamang is also distinguished by the webbing between its second and third toes and by a dilatable hairless air sac in its throat. The air sac is used in producing a resonant, booming call. The siamang is about 50–55 centimetres ...

any of approximately 20 species of small apes found in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Gibbons, like the great apes (gorillas, orangutans, chimpanzees, and bonobos), have a humanlike build and no tail, but gibbons seem to lack higher cognitive abilities and self-awareness. They also differ from great apes in having longer arms, dense hair, and a throat...

...Hemisphere but spend their winters in the warm regions of southeastern Asia and even Africa, probably following the migratory route of their ancestors. A typically North American species, the gray-cheeked thrush (Hylocichla minima), which has extended its breeding area to northeastern Siberia, returns to spend the winter in the central regions of South America....

One of the 11 species of thrushes (in the genus Hylocichla, or Catharus) called nightingale thrushes because of their rich songs. H. mustelina is common in eastern U.S. broadleaf forests; it is 8 in. (20 cm) long and has drab, spotted plumage and a rusty-colored head....

(Hylocomium splendens), moss in the subclass Bryidae that covers areas of coniferous forest floor of the Northern Hemisphere and also occurs on dunes, ledges, and tundra. The fernlike shoots have many branches and reddish, glossy caulids (stems) with phyllids (leaves) up to 3 mm (0.12 inch) long. The capsules (spore cases) of the female plant are borne on setae (stalks) about 2 cm (0.8 inch...

(from Greek hylē, “matter”; morphē, “form”), in philosophy, metaphysical view according to which every natural body consists of two intrinsic principles, one potential, namely, primary matter, and one actual, namely, substantial form. It was the central doctrine of Aristotle’s philosophy of nature. Before Aristotle, the Ionian philosophers had sought the basic con...

Asian gymnures (genus Hylomys) inhabit tropical lowland rainforest and montane forest, and the five species are either strictly nocturnal or active day and night. They live on the forest floor, sometimes traveling along a network of pathways. Their long snout is used to probe leaf litter and humus, debris being tossed aside with jerks of the head and shoulders. Diet consists......

...H. sinensis) lives in cool and damp mountain forests at elevations of 300–2,700 metres in southern China and adjacent regions of Myanmar (Burma) and northern Vietnam. The Laos gymnure (H. megalotis) is restricted to limestone karst in the central part of the country. The Hainan gymnure (H. hainanensis) is endemic to Hainan......

...or lesser, gymnure (H. suillus) ranges from continental Southeast Asia offshore to Tioman Island to the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, and northern Borneo in hilly lowlands. The Sumatran gymnure (H. parvus) occurs in the mountains to 3,000 metres or more on Sumatra and Java. The shrew gymnure (H. sinensis) lives in cool and damp.....

...Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, and northern Borneo in hilly lowlands. The Sumatran gymnure (H. parvus) occurs in the mountains to 3,000 metres or more on Sumatra and Java. The shrew gymnure (H. sinensis) lives in cool and damp mountain forests at elevations of 300–2,700 metres in southern China and adjacent regions of Myanmar (Burma) and......