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Now, no one really uses WEP anymore, but as someone interested in the weaknesses present in such systems, I thought it would be a productive exercise to try writing a program to execute the attacks on WEP I have read about. However, I have no network programming experience, and am hoping to use this to teach myself some. What language would be a good one for me to work on this problem in? Are there standard libraries people use for this sort of thing? Is there anything I should read? Any and all suggestions are appreciated.

I've used scapy for these kinds of scripts before and I agree that it should work fine.

However, the hard part isn't the actual sniffing and capturing of wireless frames (various Python and non-Python libraries can be used for this), but rather implementing the WEP attack (of which there are several to choose from). That requires some knowledge of cryptography.

OP doesn't even indicate the type of attack against WEP he wants to learn about. When what you are trying to learn is already well researched it typically makes sense to reverse the already published material before attempting to recreate it..... Here you go OP, go fourth and learn.