Clegg, Nickin full Nicholas Peter William Clegg ( born Jan. 7, 1967 , Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, Eng.British politician who served as leader of the Liberal Democrats (2007– ) and as deputy prime minister of the United Kingdom (2010– ).

Clegg, who had a Dutch mother and a half-Russian father (whose aristocratic mother fled to Britain after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution), grew up bilingual, speaking English and Dutch; he later became fluent in French, German, and Spanish. He was educated at Westminster School, London, and he studied anthropology (M.A., 1989) at the University of Cambridge, political philosophy (1989–90) at the University of Minnesota, and European affairs (M.A., 1992) at the College of Europe in Brugge, Belg. He traveled extensively and worked at various jobs in Germany, Austria, Finland, the United States, Belgium, and Hungary.

In 1994, having briefly tried his hand at journalism, Clegg became an official at the European Commission in Brussels, where he progressed to become adviser to Sir Leon Brittan, a European Union (EU) commissioner and a cabinet minister in Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government. Clegg helped negotiate the admission of China to the World Trade Organization, in addition to aiding Russia in its bid for membership. Brittan regarded his young adviser as one of the brightest future politicians of his generation and urged him to pursue a career as a Conservative member of Parliament (MP). Clegg, however, felt that the Liberal Democrats far better reflected his own internationalist outlook. In 1999 he was elected as a Liberal Democrat member of the European Parliament.

Widely tipped as a future party leader, Clegg paved the way by leaving the European Parliament in 2004 and winning a seat in the 2005 British general election as MP for Hallam, a suburb of Sheffield. In January 2006, when Charles Kennedy resigned as leader of the Liberal Democrats, Clegg felt that he was too new to Parliament to stand for leader and thus backed 63-year-old Sir Menzies Campbell, who appointed Clegg as the party spokesman on home affairs. He quickly made his mark as an eloquent critic of the Labour government’s curbs on civil liberties. Less than two years later Campbell resigned, amid media criticism that he was too old to lead the party into a general election. This time Clegg decided to seek the leadership. On Dec. 18, 2007, he defeated Chris Huhne, age 53, by a margin of just 511 votes in the balloting of more than 41,000 party members. In turn, Clegg named Huhne his replacement as spokesman on home affairs.

After taking office, Clegg sought to streamline the Liberal Democrats’ process of decision making and policy formulation; previous leaders had expressed frustration because they were required to consult members more widely than leaders of other major British parties. He was also challenged with maintaining the relevancy of the Liberal Democrats, the smallest of the three main British parties. In the lead-up to the May 2010 general election, Clegg’s popularity surged, particularly because of his widely praised performances in Britain’s first-ever televised party-leader debates; in some polls the Liberal Democrats challenged the Conservatives for first place. In the event, however, the Liberal Democrats finished a disappointing third and won 57 seats, a loss of five from the 2005 election. Clegg, however, was a key figure in the subsequent negotiations as both the Conservative and Labour parties—neither of which had secured a majority—sought to form a coalition government. The Liberal Democrats ultimately joined the Conservatives in a coalition government with David Cameron as prime minister and Clegg as deputy prime minister.

Clegg and Cameron seemed to develop an easy rapport, partly because of their similar backgrounds and shared age (both were 43 upon ascent to governing). Moreover, their parties were quick in negotiating the compromises necessary to govern together. The deficit-reduction program rolled out by the government in June and enhanced in October called for deep spending cuts that proved extremely unpopular with Liberal Democrat voters, resulting in the party’s worst showing since the merger of Liberal and Social Democratic parties in local council elections in England in May 2011. Although there were scattered calls for Clegg’s resignation as leader, support for him within the party in general remained strong. Already disgruntled over the government’s raising of university tuition in December—an action the party had opposed during the 2010 election campaign—many Liberal Democrats were upset at the Conservatives’ active opposition to the referendum to replace the first-past-the-post electoral system with the alternative vote, which had been put forward by the Liberal Democrats and was soundly rejected by British voters. In the wake of those developments, the Cameron-Clegg partnership continued on noticeably more businesslike footing.