Circulatory System

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Transcript of Circulatory System

Circulatory SystemGeneral Properties of Circulatory SystemThree Basic Components: A circulatory fluid, set of interconnecting vessels, and a muscular pump, the heart.The heart powers the circulation by using metabolic energy to elevate the hydrostatic pressure of the circulatory fluid, which flows through the vessels and back to the heart. The circulatory system connects the aqueous environment of the body cells to the organs that exchange gases, absorb nutrients, and dispose of wastes.Open/Closed Circulatory SystemsOpen Circulatory System the circulatory fluid bathes the organs directly.

This fluid is called hemolymph.

Contraction of one or more hearts pumps the hemolymph through the circulatory vessels into the interconnected sinuses,Within the sinuses chemical exchange occurs between the hemolymph and the body cells.

Large crustaceans, molluscs, arthropods

Closed Circulatory System-confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid.

circulatory fluid (blood)One or could be more pumps then pump blood into large vessels that branch into smaller ones that infiltrate the organs.

Annelids, Cephalopods, and all Vertebrates Vertebrae System

Cardiovascular system. Arteries carry blood away from heart to organs thought the body..Arteries branch into arterioles, small vessels that convey blood to the capillaries.Capillaries are microscopic vessels with thin porous walls.Network of these vessels is called capillary buds.Capillaries converge into venules that converge with veins, which carry blood back to the heartThe right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs (there it loads O2 and unloads CO2). Oxygen rich blood from the lungs enters the heart at the left atrium and is pumped to the body tissues by the left ventricle. Blood then returns to the heart through the right atrium.Heartbeat originates with impulses at the sinoatrial (SA) node, (pacemaker) of the right atrium. The Mammal Heart! http://sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/humanheart.htmlQuick Overview on Bloodconnective tissue consisting of cells suspended in a liquid matrix (plasma)osmotic regulation, transport, defenseRed blood cells or Erythrocytes (transport Oxygen) White blood Cells or Leukocytes (Defense) Platelets (clotting) fragments suspended in bloodHemoglobin- iron- containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen Defects!Sickle Cell disease- abnormal form of hemoglobin polymerizes into aggregates, this distorts erythrocytes to resemble a sickle. This leads to blockages and decreased oxygen levels.If there is damage in the lining of arteries this enhances the deposition of lipids and cells resulting in potential life threatening damage to the heart.If tissues don't receive enough oxygen the kidneys synthesize and secrete Erythopoietin (EPO) that stimulate the production to deliver oxygen. If there is too much Oxygen then (EPO) falls and erythrocyte production slows.Anemia- condition which lower-than-normal erythocyte or hemoglobin levels. This lowers the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Respiratory System Gas Exchange uptake of Oxygen from the environment and discharge of CO2 to the environmentspecialized respiratory surfaces Skin, gills, tracheae and lungsIn mammals air inhaled through the nostrils passes through the pharynx into the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and dead end alveoli where gas exchange occurs. passage/ partshttp://www.asthmaatoz.org/Asthma-Defined/The-Human-Respiratory-SystemMore on LungsLung increases as the rib muscles and diaphragm contractventilate by negative pressure breathing (pulls air in lungs)Breathing is the mechanism by which mammals ventilate their lungs (bring air in and out).Respiratory aidsrespiratory pigments transport O2 - this increases the amount of O2 that blood or hemolymph can carryhemoglobin which helps transport CO2 and O2 and buffering the bloodbohr shift when CO2 is greater hemoglobin releases O2Bicarbonate Buffercarbonate/carbonic acid bufferCarbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid and is therefore in equilibrium with bicarbonate (HCO3-) When both carbonic acid and bicarbonate are present, a buffer is formed. more bicarbonate present than carbonic acidWith all the acids your body produces such as lactic acid this buffer counteractsMetabolic Problems Respiratory Alkalosis - condition in which the pH of the blood is above normal. The increase in pH is often caused by hyperventilation, When a person hyperventilates they exhale more carbon dioxide than normal. As a result the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood is reduced.Respiratory Acidosis - hypoventilating (excessively shallow breathing) person does not expel enough carbon dioxide and has elevated blood carbon dioxide levels. pH levels riseInteraction between the two systemsWorks Cited"Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Working Together." YouTube. YouTube, 08 Dec. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.Asthma A to Z - The Human Respiratory System." Asthma A to Z - The Human Respiratory System. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014."Blood Buffer - Treating Alkalosis/Acidosis." Blood Buffer - Treating Alkalosis/Acidosis. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.http://sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/humanheart.html "Animation." Animation. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.Mr. W. "Circulatory System Rap (Pump It Up!)." YouTube. YouTube, 22 July 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2014."Circulation & Respiration." Circulation & Respiration. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2014http://carolguze.com/text/102-22-Circulatory%20System.shtml

Feed Back Mechanisms increase in heart rate and respiratory rate which occurs in response to increased exercise or other increased muscle cell activitycontrolled via a bio-feedback loop in which special receptors located in the brain known as chemo-receptors monitor blood oxygen levelsif oxygen levels fall, the chemo-receptors sense falling oxygen levels and the brain sends electrical signals with increasing frequency to the heart. This causes the heart to beat faster when the oxygen levels rise the heart starts to relax and beat slower