Evelina solved the problem of keeping the coal furnace going by delegating the task to Ann Orel, the 24-year old Irish servant who worked for Sarah Witherell in “the other part of the house.” It being Monday, and thus laundry day, Jane McHanna was occupied in the kitchen boiling water and washing and rinsing clothes. Today’s load couldn’t have been too heavy, however, or Jane wouldn’t have been able to leave the house in the afternoon to see about getting a new outfit made.

Jane’s preoccupations left the usual morning chores to Evelina, who got a little boost of help from Orinthia Foss, the boarder and schoolteacher. Orinthia presumably soon departed for the schoolhouse, however, and Evelina had to carry on alone.

She turned to sewing, naturally, as she did on most days. Interesting that so far this year, except for a bonnet, she hadn’t sewed on much of anything for herself. Most of the sewing had been shirts and mending for the men, and aprons and chemises for her daughter. Evelina sewed almost constantly, but her production capacity was limited. Even with occasional help from others, she didn’t produce a surfeit of any article of clothing. Historians of this period – Jane Nylander, in particular – have suggested that people had much less clothing then than we might imagine:

“[V]ery few people had large numbers of any kind of garment. Women seldom owned more than four or five gowns and petticoats at a time; men usually owned a few coats and pairs of breeches or pantaloons, a few vests, and perhaps as many as half a dozen shirts.. Both owned a few pairs of stockings […] one or two pairs of shoes and boots; and a hat or bonnet […] Nobody changed all of their clothes daily.”*

If the average grown male owned an average of six shirts, and there were four men under Evelina’s roof, she was responsible for producing and/or maintaining approximately twenty-four shirts at any given time. No wonder she often sought assistance from Sarah Witherell and others. No wonder she worked at keeping them mended. No wonder the laundry load was so big on Mondays.

One lovely note today: Sarah and Oliver Ames Jr heard from their daughter, Helen Angier Ames, who seemed to be settling into life at boarding school just fine. If she was content, then her relatives were, too.

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2 thoughts on “March 3, 1851”

Sarah, I, myself, have had that experience of seeing people with very little in the way of clothing. What they did have was of much better quality weave than what we have today. Living in Spain in the early ’60s, my co-workers had only a couple of dresses that they wore to work every day. These would get washed on the weekends while they wore a Sunday-best, of which they had only one. They didn’t need closet space. A couple of hooks on a wall was sufficient. Wealthier folk might have had an armoire which had room to hang a few items, half dozen at most. Men might have had three work shirts but usually only two pair of pants, one for work, one for Sunday. Their dress jacket would have been hand-sewn, even then, and of very fine wool. Showers were another commodity which was lacking. Usually showers were cold, “down the hall,” and one only took a shower once a week because it was felt that it was not only not necessary to bathe more often but it washed valuable oils out of the skin. Bedrooms had a sink and a bidet. That was enough for washing.