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Vanuatu

Vanuatu (English i/ˌvɑːnuːˈɑːtuː/vah-noo-AH-too or /vænˈwɑːtuː/van-WAH-too; BislamaIPA:[vanuaˈtu]), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (French:République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is a Pacificisland nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some 1,750 kilometres (1,090mi) east of northern Australia, 500 kilometres (310mi) northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji.

Vanuatu was first inhabited by Melanesian people. The first Europeans to visit the islands were a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Fernandes de Queirós, who arrived on the largest island in 1606. He then claimed the archipelago for Spain, as part of the colonial Spanish East Indies, and named it Austrialia del Espiritu Santo.

In the 1880s, France and Great Britain claimed parts of the archipelago, and in 1906 they agreed on a framework for jointly managing the archipelago as the New Hebrides through a British–French Condominium. An independence movement arose in the 1970s, and the Republic of Vanuatu was founded in 1980.