Klüver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) is a rare clinical presentation following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Symptoms include visual agnosia, placidity, hyperorality, sexual hyperactivity, changes in dietary behavior, and hypermetamorphosis. The purpose of this article was to identify and synthesize the available evidence from case reports and case series on the treatment profile of KBS among adolescents and adults after TBI. Four bibliographic databases (MEDLINE OVID, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS) were searched for relevant literature. No date or language restrictions were applied. All case reports containing original data on KBS following TBI among adolescents and adults were included. Articles were evaluated, and data were extracted according to predefined criteria. The literature search identified 24 case reports of KBS post-TBI published between 1968 and 2017. Most case subjects were male (70.1%), and the mean age at injury was 25.1 years (range, 13–67 years). Injury to one or both temporal lobes occurred in most cases. Inappropriate sexual hyperactivity was the most common KBS symptom, followed by a change in dietary behavior and hyperorality. Visual agnosia was the least reported. In 50% of cases, the patient fully recovered from KBS. One-half of all participants described pharmacological management; the most common medication prescribed was carbamazepine. Overall, there was a lack of data available on pharmacotherapy initiation and duration. The complex presentation of KBS presents challenges in terms of treatment options. Although overall individuals who were prescribed carbamazepine had positive outcomes, given the reliance on case reports, it is difficult to make a definitive recommendation to guide clinical practice.

Congenital achromatopsia or rod monochromatism is a rare autosomal recessive condition
defined by a severe loss of cone photoreceptor function in which rods purportedly retain normal or
near-to-normal function. This report describes the results of electroretinography in two siblings with
CNGB3-associated achromatopsia.
Full field light- and dark-adapted electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded using standard
protocols detailed by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). We also
examined rod-mediated ERGs using series of stimuli that varied over a 6 log unit range of retinal
illuminances (−1.9–3.5 log scotopic trolands).
Dark-adapted ERGs in achromatopsia patients exhibited severely reduced b-wave amplitudes
with abnormal b:a ratios (1.3 and 0.6). In comparison, the reduction in a-wave amplitude was less
marked. The rod-mediated ERG took on an electronegative appearance at high-stimulus illuminances.
Although the defect that causes achromatopsia is primarily in the cone photoreceptors, our
results reveal an accompanying disruption of rod function that is more severe than has previously been
reported. The differential effects on the b-wave relative to the a-wave points to an inner-retinal locus for
the disruption of rod function in these patients.

This volume highlights recent studies identifying epigenetic mechanisms as essential regulators of skin development, stem cell activity and regeneration. Chapters are contributed by leading experts and promote the skin as an accessible model system for studying mechanisms that control organ development and regeneration. The discussions contained throughout are of broad relevance to other areas of biology and medicine and can help inform the development of novel therapeutics for skin disorders as well as new approaches to skin regeneration that target the epigenome. Part of the highly successful Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine series, Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Development and Regeneration uncovers the fundamental significance of epigenetic mechanisms in skin development and regeneration, and emphasizes the development of new therapies for a number of skin disorders, such as pathological conditions of epidermal differentiation, pigmentation and carcinogenesis. At least six categories of researchers will find this book essential, including stem cell, developmental, hair follicle or molecular biologists, and gerontologists or clinical dermatologists.

We have set out an equation for partition of 87 neutral molecules from water to o-nitrophenyl octyl ether, NPOE, an equation for partition of the 87 neutral molecules and 21 ionic species from water to NPOE, and an equation for partition of 87 neutral molecules from the gas phase to NPOE. Comparison with equations for partition into other solvents shows that, as regards partition of neutral (nonelectrolyte) compounds, NPOE would be a good model for 1,2-dichloroethane and for nitrobenzene. In terms of partition of ions and ionic species, NPOE is quite similar to 1,2-dichloroethane and not far away from other aprotic solvents such as nitrobenzene.

Edge detection plays an important role in human vision,
and although it is clear that there are luminance edge
detectors, it is not known whether there are chromatic
edge detectors as well.We showed observers a horizontal
edge blurred by a Gaussian filter (with widths of r ¼
0.1125, 0.225, or 0.458) embedded in blurred Brown
noise. Observers had to choose which of two stimuli
contained the edge. Brown noise was used in preference
to white noise to reveal localized edge detectors. Edges
and noise were defined by either luminance or chromatic
contrast (isoluminant L/M and S-cone opponent).
Classification image analysis was applied to observer
responses. In this analysis, the random components of the
stimulus are correlated with observer responses to reveal
a template that shows how observers weighted different
parts of the stimulus to arrive at their decision.We found
classification images for both luminance and isoluminant
chromatic stimuli that had shapes very similar to
derivatives of Gaussian filters. The widths of these
classification images tracked the widths of the edges, but
the chromatic edge classification images were wider than
the luminance ones. These results are consistent with
edge detection filters sensitive to luminance contrast and
isoluminant chromatic contrast.

Where do the bottlenecks for information and attention lie when our visual system processes incoming stimuli? The human visual system encodes the incoming stimulus and transfers its contents into three major memory systems with increasing time scales, viz., sensory (or iconic) memory, visual short-term memory (VSTM), and long-term memory (LTM). It is commonly believed that the major bottleneck of information processing resides in VSTM. In contrast to this view, we show major bottlenecks for motion processing prior to VSTM. In the first experiment, we examined bottlenecks at the stimulus encoding stage through a partial-report technique by delivering the cue immediately at the end of the stimulus presentation. In the second experiment, we varied the cue delay to investigate sensory memory and VSTM. Performance decayed exponentially as a function of cue delay and we used the time-constant of the exponential-decay to demarcate sensory memory from VSTM. We then decomposed performance in terms of quality and quantity measures to analyze bottlenecks along these dimensions. In terms of the quality of information, two thirds to three quarters of the motion-processing bottleneck occurs in stimulus encoding rather than memory stages. In terms of the quantity of information, the motion-processing bottleneck is distributed, with the stimulus-encoding stage accounting for one third of the bottleneck. The bottleneck for the stimulus-encoding stage is dominated by the selection compared to the filtering function of attention. We also found that the filtering function of attention is operating mainly at the sensory memory stage in a specific manner, i.e., influencing only quantity and sparing quality. These results provide a novel and more complete understanding of information processing and storage bottlenecks for motion processing.

During the micro-excavation of the cauldrons, residues were identified which appeared different from the surrounding soil and metal corrosion products. Thirty-seven of these residues from nine cauldrons and two significant fragments of incomplete cauldrons were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) along with two samples of soil from the micro-excavation for comparison. The aim of the analysis was to determine whether these residues contained any organic material related to the use of the cauldrons, specifically lipids (fats, waxes, resins etc.) from the preparation of food or drink. Two of the samples from the cauldrons were also sent for compound specific carbon stable isotope analysis by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to give a more precise identification of the residues.

Avoidable harm associated with medicines is widespread – particularly at care transitions – and unintended discrepancies in patients’ medicines after discharge from hospital affect more than half of all patients. Patients with heart failure are frequent service users (including readmission to hospital), and susceptible to deficiencies in medicines management. Heart failure is responsible for approximately 5% of medical admissions and the readmission rate within 3 months of discharge may be as high as 50%.[1]
The Improving Safety and Continuity of Medicines management at Transitions of care (ISCOMAT) study is an NIHR-funded programme of research in patients with heart failure. The first work package, described here, aimed to map and evaluate current medicines management pathways across care transitions, describing the core characteristics of best practice and effective systems at each stage.
Mixed-methods research collecting data centred on patients’ journey out of hospital and back home exploring current practice relating on heart failure. NHS REC approval was obtained (16/NS/0018). Following a process of informed consent, data were collected from patients (n=16) in four health economies in England using semi-structured interviews conducted shortly after their discharge from hospital and again after two and six weeks and included video recording. Non-participant observation was conducted on cardiology wards in the four areas to understand predominant systems employed by the hospitals to deliver information to patients and to primary care. Interviews with staff in hospitals and primary care explored policy, practice and systems across the transition. Data were analysed using integrative ‘parallel mixed’ analysis.
Several themes emerged that described the resilience of the system that manages patients’ medicines across the whole pathway. Spatial dimensions – including local working conditions – impacted on staff who managed transfers. Process efficiencies and effectiveness, including the degree of staff training and policy awareness, both enhanced and hindered communication with patients and health care professionals (HCPs) in primary care. The system did not allow staff to assess the impact of the management of medicines at discharge across the transition into primary care. Patients themselves were found to have different levels of knowledge and confidence in their medicines once back at home and, where their pathway included this, to value the care co-ordination functions of heart failure nurses. Primary care staff operated varying systems for managing discharge communication and implementing recommendations and some reported positive outcomes from integration of practice pharmacists into the system.
To our knowledge this is the first UK study of medicines management along the patient’s journey from hospital into primary care for patients with heart failure. A whole pathway analysis has enabled a detailed understanding of resilience in each part of the healthcare system. These findings will be used in the co-design of an intervention to improve medicines management in the next phase of the research.

Motion-in-depth can be detected by using two different types of binocular cues: change
of disparity (CD) and inter-ocular velocity differences (IOVD). To investigate the underlying
detection mechanisms, stimuli can be constructed that isolate these cues or contain both (FULL cue).
Two different methods to isolate the IOVD cue can be employed: anti-correlated (aIOVD) and
de-correlated (dIOVD) motion signals. While both types of stimuli have been used in studies
investigating the perception of motion-in-depth, for the first time, we explore whether both stimuli
isolate the same mechanism and how they differ in their relative efficacy. Here, we set out to directly
compare aIOVD and dIOVD sensitivity by measuring motion coherence thresholds. In accordance
with previous results by Czuba et al. (2010), we found that motion coherence thresholds were similar
for aIOVD and FULL cue stimuli for most participants. Thresholds for dIOVD stimuli, however,
differed consistently from thresholds for the two other cues, suggesting that aIOVD and dIOVD
stimuli could be driving different visual mechanisms.

Background
The issue of opioid use and misuse is current and topical at
present with reports of opioid epidemics in the USA and the
increasing use of opioids in other parts of the world. The New
Scientist asserted that America was in the throes of an opioid
epidemic with reports of fatalities linked to physical contact
with fentanyl. Discussions have progressed from an American
focus to speculating on the spread of this issue to UK cities,
Glasgow in particular. Safety issues have more recently come
to light regarding the physical application and management of
specific drug forms e.g. opioid transdermal patches (OTPs).
The prescribing, application and safe disposal of OTPs within
both healthcare settings and personal dwellings is critical to
the effective use of these products. Healthcare professionals
have a duty of care and responsibility to ensure the safe
application and disposal of OTPs.
Aims
The aims of this study were to 1) gain insight into current
practices of healthcare professionals regarding OTPs (fentanyl
and buprenorphine) disposal practices and 2) identify
Abstract
knowledge and system awareness surrounding the disposal
of these products in care home settings.
Methods
We decided to focus on care homes due to the estimated
high prevalence of prescribing of OTPs in these care settings.
The study was undertaken by the University of Bradford
School of Pharmacy in 2015 and the participant sample
focussed on the North of England (UK).
Results
The findings (based on 56 survey responses) displayed a
significant variation in current disposal practices and a lack
of specific working policies. We unearthed anomalies in the
participants’ knowledge of the active ingredient volume held in
depleted patches which, if not disposed of correctly, can lead
to harm. This has highlighted the need for more thorough
training and education on the safe and effective management
of OTPs.
Conclusions
Further education and training is needed regarding safe
disposal practices of OTPs, with the suggestion of
pharmacist-led interventions. This will minimise confusion and
reinforce safe disposal practices (denaturing products) and
support the reduction of unsafe disposal practices (domestic
waste or flushing).

Export search results

The export option will allow you to export the current search results of the entered query to a file. Different
formats are available for download. To export the items, click on the button corresponding with the preferred download format.

By default, clicking on the export buttons will result in a download of the allowed maximum amount of items.

To select a subset of the search results, click "Selective Export" button and make a selection of the items you want to export.
The amount of items that can be exported at once is similarly restricted as the full export.

After making a selection, click one of the export format buttons. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to export format.