Eva Carreire was a Physical Medium who
was tested many times by the Society for Psychical Research [SPR] and many
individuals, one notable one being Sir Arthur Conan Doyle [who was the author of
Sherlock Holmes fame] and was documented

by them all as being genuine paranormal
happenings, BUT, the magician Houdini, who was at first against Spiritualism in
all its forms [his views changed later in his life] said she was a fake, as do
people who do not understand. What they do not understand they dismiss out of
hand. This was even though she was producing
ectoplasm, which often developed into the
Spirit human form as shown in the photograph of Bien Boas, one of her
guides. The ectoplasm was said to come from every orifice of her body most times
from her ears, eyes, nose and mouth.

Eva sitting in a red light seance being held whilst producing ectoplasm.

A materialized form of one of the Physical Medium Eva
Carreire's guides Bien Boas, note
the ectoplasm coming from the sitting Medium and the Spirit form appears to
be floating having no legs yet formed. The ectoplasm is very thin and wispy
at the base of the left hand side of the form. The head, beard, helmet/hat,
and necklace are fully formed.

Famous French materialization medium, known also as "Marthe
Béraud." Eva's real name was Eva Carrière (Waespé by marriage). She was the
daughter of an officer and the fiancée of Maurice Noel, who died in the Congo
before the marriage could take place. Her psychic powers were discovered by
Noel's parents, General Noel and his wife.

General and Mrs. Noel were greatly interested in psychical research and, in the
presence of invited mediums at the Villa Carmen, witnessed the materialization
of a helmeted phantom, "Bien Boa," a Brahman Hindu said to have died some 300
years previously and who styled himself as the spiritual guide of the Noel
family. A "sister" of the phantom, "Bergoglia," who also manifested, later
hinted that "Bien Boa" was an assumed name of someone who had figured in Mrs.
Noel's life in an earlier incarnation. Indeed, Mrs. Noel claimed a share of
credit for Bien Boa's appearances and said that either by the séance table or by
direct writing Bien Boa always declared that she was the true medium at early
séances.

When the powers of Marthe Béraud were first discovered, a period of two years of
experimentation commenced, and Mrs. Noel published many notes on the phenomena
in Gabriel Delanne's Revue Scientifique et Morale du Spiritisme. Then the Noels
and Béraud invited Charles Richet and Delanne to visit Algiers as their guests.

The séances were held in an isolated building over a stable behind bolted
windows and doors. A curtain was thrown across one corner of the room to
improvise a cabinet. As a rule a young black woman, Aischa, sat with Béraud
behind the curtain, but Richet has said that in the more effective experiments
Aischa was not present. Béraud was not tied and wore a thin dress. By making
magnetic (i.e., mesmeric) passes to awaken her from her trance, Richet passed
his hand all over her body and made sure that she had nothing hidden on her. The
presence of Aischa, of which Mrs. Noel made a point, greatly annoyed the medium,
who complained that in the tropical heat the odor of the woman was unbearable.

The materializations produced were very complete. Bien Boa appeared five or six
times and offered opportunities for many important observations and experiments.
Richet's report, published in the April 1906 issue of the Annales des sciences
psychiques, created an immense sensation. He was satisfied that he had witnessed
genuine phenomena and that Marthe Béraud could not have masqueraded in a helmet
and sheet in the guise of Bien Boa. Besides, he asserts in the report, the
medium and the phantom were also seen together when no stranger could have
entered the room: "I make a point of this, because of the assertions of Areski,
an Arab coachman dismissed by General Noel for theft, who said that he 'played
the ghost.' A certain starveling practitioner of Algiers, Dr. R., was
ill-advised enough to entertain this man and to exhibit him in public at Algiers
in a white mantle to play the ghost before spectators. That is the most that had
been said against the experiments at the Villa Carmen. The general public
blinded by ignoble newspaper tales, imagined that the fraud had been exposed.
All that was really proved was that an Arab thief could lie impudently, that he
could put on a sheet, could appear thus on a stage, and could get a doctor to
endorse his lies. It is averred also that Marthe confessed fraud to an Algerian
lawyer who took a pseudonym. But even if this anonymous allegation were true, we
know the value to be placed on such revelations, which only show the mental
instability of mediums."

Futhermore, according to a Dr. Z., Areski entered the séance room with the rest
of the company, and when their attention was diverted by the examination of the
furniture, he slipped behind the cabinet and hid behind the curtain. Richet
replied to this specific charge, "Now, I declare formally and solemnly that
during the seances---twenty in number---at which I was present, Areski was not once
permitted to enter the seance room." The later "confession" of Marthe Béraud was
alleged to contain a statement about a trapdoor. According to Richet, Béraud has
never wrote or said that there was a trapdoor.

Besides the phantom of Bien Boa, a beautiful Egyptian girl also materialized and
allowed Richet to cut a lock of her hair. "As I was about to cut a lock high up"
stated the professor, "a firm hand behind the curtain lowered mine so that I cut
only about six inches from the end. As I was rather slow about doing this, she
said in a low voice 'quick, quick' and disappeared." The second important phase
of Béraud's mediumship developed under the care of sculptor Juliette Bisson, to
whom Béraud had been introduced in 1908. It has been suggested that Bisson and
Béraud shared a lesbian relationship following the death of Bisson's husband in
1910. In any case, they lived and worked together.

Between 1909 and 1913 Beraud, by then known as "Eva C.," centered her mediumship
on materializations. Joint experiments by Richet and Baron Schrenck-Notzing,
with Bisson always present, built upon previous observations and elucidated
several obscure points. The period also afforded an added opportunity for Richet
to check his earlier findings. During her trances the medium appeared to suffer
much, writhing like a woman in childbirth, and her pulse rose from 90 to 120.
The materializations, under the control of an entity named "Berthe," were always
slow and seemingly difficult. Very few forms were well developed or remained for
a long time. All this was in striking contrast with the ease of former years.
Perhaps the rigor of the control had to do with this. Eva C. had to put on
special dresses. She was subject, both before and after the séance, to
meticulous medical examination and often sat nude. A battery of eight
photographic cameras, two of them stereo-scopic, were trained on her, and 225
valuable photographs were secured when it was discovered that the seances could
be held in comparatively good light, provided the medium was shielded from a
sudden flash. At certain times the ectoplasmic mediumship alternated with
remarkable phenomena of the intellectual type. She read automatically on an
imaginary screen (like that of a cinema) pages of philosophy that greatly
exceeded her normal knowledge and power.

Regarding a seance of April 15, 1912, held in the presence of Count Cesar de
Vesme and Bisson, Richet is quoted as follows: "The manifestations began at
once. White substance appeared on the neck of the Medium: then a head was formed
which moved from left to right and placed itself on the Medium's head. A
photograph was taken. After the flashlight, the head reappeared by the side of
Eva's head, about sixteen inches from it, connected by a long bunch of white
substance. It looked like the head of a man, and made movements like bows. Some
20 appearances and reappearances of this head were counted; it appeared,
retreated into the cabinet, and emerged again. A woman's head then appeared on
the right, showed itself near the curtains, and went back into the cabinet,
returned several times and disappeared."

Richet adds, "Marthe was examined and searched before and after the experiments.
I never lost sight of her for a moment and her hands were always held and
visible."

To eliminate every possibility of fraud Baron Schrenck-Notzing employed
detectives for several months to watch for any suspicious circumstances in Eva's
life. To answer the charge that the ectoplasm of Eva C. was regurgitated
material, a strong emetic was administered on November 26, 1913, after the
ectoplasmic flow reentered her mouth. Ten minutes later the experimenters were
satisfied that the medium swallowed nothing with which the phenomena could have
been produced.

Another important series of experiments took place in 1917-18 in the
laboratories of Gustav Geley with Bisson's collaboration. About 150
representative individuals, including many scientists, witnessed the phenomena.
In his From the Un-conscious to the Conscious (1920), Geley observes: "It is
needless to say that the usual precautions were rigorously observed during the
seances in my laboratory. On coming into the room where the séances were held,
and to which I alone had previous access, the Medium was completely undressed in
my presence, and dressed in a tight garment, sewn up the back and at the wrists;
the hair, and the cavity of the mouth were examined by me and my collaborators
before and after the seances. Eva was walked backwards to the wicker chair in
the dark cabinet; her hands were always held in full sight out-side the curtains
and the room was always quite well lit during the whole time. I do not merely
say: There was no trickery; I say there was no possibility of trickery. Further,
and I cannot repeat it too often, nearly always the materializations took place
under my own eyes, and I have observed their genesis and their whole
development."

He adds in a footnote: "I am, moreover, glad to testify that Eva has always
shown, in my presence, absolute experimental honesty. The intelligent and
self-sacrificing resignation with which she submitted to all control and the
truly painful tests of her mediumship, deserve the real and sincere gratitude of
all men of science worthy of that name."

The results of these experiments were the subject of a conference at the College
of France, published under the title La Physiologie dite Supranormale (Bulletin
de l'Institut Physiologique, January-June 1918.

In 1920 Eva C. and Bisson spent two months in London. Of 40 seances given to the
Society for Psychical Research, half were entirely blank, the rest very weak. As
a result, the regurgitation theory was again put forward as a possible
explanation. Of the London work, in his Thirty Years of Psychical Research
(1923), Richet states: "The official reports of the séances lead to very
distinct inferences; it seems that though the external conditions were
unfavorable to success, some results were very clear and that it is impossible
to refer the phenomena to fraud. Nevertheless, our learned colleagues of the SPR
came to no conclusion. They admit that the only possible trickery is
regurgitation. But what is meant by that? How can masses of mobile substance,
organized as hands, faces and drawings, be made to emerge from the oesophagus or
the stomach? No physiologist would admit such power to contract those organs at
will in this manner. How, when the medium's hands are tied and held, could
papers be unfolded, put away, and made to pass, through a veil? The members of
the SPR, when they fail to understand, say 'It is difficult to understand how
this is produced.' Mr. Dingwall, who is an expert in legerdemain, having seen
the ectoplasm emerge as a miniature hand, making signs before disappearing, says
'I attach no importance to this.' We may be permitted to remark that very great
importance attaches to Mr. Dingwall's testimony."

In 1922, 15 sittings with Eva C. took place at the Sorbonne. Thirteen sittings
were totally blank and the committee returned a negative report. After the death
of Geley in 1924, there was a whispering campaign that some very suspicious
photographs of Eva C. had been found among his papers, suggesting the
possibility of fraud by the medium and contradicting Geley's published laudatory
reports. In fact, his unpublished papers revealed that Bisson had been Eva C.'s
active accomplice in fraud, and his pictures plainly showed wires attached to
her hair that supported the materialized forms. However, Eva C.'s supporters
countered with the published evidence of the 200 photographs and the careful
reports of Schrenck-Notzing.

On the whole, the mediumship of Eva C. remains a matter of controversy. The
materializations of Bien Boa in 1905 appear crude and suggest fraud, as do the
Geley papers and pictures. On the other hand, the careful investigations and
remarkable photographs of materialization obtained by Schrenck-Notzing cannot be
so easily dismissed. In the end, Eva C. seems to be another clever fraud who was
able to confound some of those who observed her seances and lacked the training
or resolve to uncover her methods. The inability of Eva C. to manifest under
tightly controlled conditions, along with the lack of supporting evidence for
the existence of ectoplasm, make a most damning case against her.

The Medium Eva Carriere photographed in 1912 with a light/energy appearing between her
hands.