Notes on the Delegates

Some of the delegates are better known to history under their pseudonyms than under their real names—Lenin (1870-1924), Plekhanov (1856-1918), Martov (1873-1923), Trotsky (1879-1940), Deutsch (1855-1941), Lieber (1880-1937), Martynov (1865-1935), Akselrod (1850-1928), Zasulich (18511919) and Hanecki (1879-1937)—but the majority of them are easier to identify if their real names are known. Below is a list, in alphabetical order, of their pseudonyms as given in the Congress minutes.

One exception to the general rule on pseudonyms is the Polish delegate, known to history under the pseudonym of Warski, but appearing in these minutes under his real name, Warszawski (1868-1937).