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An environment plays a vital role for the sustainability of life on our planet. Environmental comprises some very basic parameters on which earth’s life is very much dependent i.e. air, water and soil etc. Every parameter has got its own importance but air and water are two such thing without which human life can never be imagined .Further, water can be made usable by providing some degree of treatment but if air gets polluted to alarming level then ,it will not be so easy to adverse this effect. Air pollution recieves one of the prime concern in India, primarily due to rapid economic growth, industrialization and urbanization with associated increase in energy demands. Lacks of implementation of environmental regulations are contributing to the bad air quality of most of the Indian cities. Air pollutants produced in any air shed are not completely confined, but at time trespassing all the geographical boundaries, hence do not remain only a problem of urban centres, but spread and affect remote rural areas supporting large productive agricultural land. Air pollutants pose risks on yield of crops depending on the emission pattern, atmospheric transport, leaf uptake and have a deleterious effect on a variety of biochemical and physiological processes and on structural organization within the cells.
Air pollutants have been shown to reduce the growth and yield before any visible symptoms appeared. It is now commonly believed that injury initially takes place at the biochemical level (interference with photosynthesis, respiration, lipid and protein biosynthesis, etc.), subsequently progressing to the ultrastructural level (disorganization of cellular membranes), and then to the cellular level (cell-wall, mesophyll, and nuclear breakdown). Finally, visible symptoms develop (chlorosis and necrosis of foliar tissues). An adverse effect caused by air pollutants depends not only upon its concentration, but also on the duration and combination of air pollutants. Biochemical injury results when the concentration of the pollutant exceeds the capacity of the tissues to detoxify it through their normal metabolism. The subtle and varied nature of the biochemical and physiological effects produced by air pollutants suggest that reduction in plant growth and yield.

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Air pollution, injury,SO2, NO2, CO,plant physiology.

Cite This Article

"Effect of Air Pollution on Vegetation: A Review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.4, Issue 12, page no. pp13-20, December-2017, Available at : www.jetir.org & http://www.jetir.org/JETIR1712004