Equalizers - Amplitude, Phase, & Group DelayManufacturers & Services

Equalizers are generally associated with devices designed to reduce or remove group
delay and/or amplitude and/or phase variations across a filter band. However, some equalizers
are meant to flatten gain across the operational band of an amplifier, filter, or complete
system.

Higher order filters, with corresponding greater out-of-band attenuation, exhibit
higher levels of group delay variations at the band edges. Group delay variation distorts
signals by varying the time that the spectral components to move from the input to the
output of the filter. Square waves, for instance, contain their highest frequency components
at the band edges, so on a filter with a lot of group delay, the square wave will exit
with rounded and otherwise distorted edges. Such distortion can (and will) negatively
affect the bit error rate (BER) of digital communications.

NeoPhotonics Corp
| 408-232-9200 | San Jose, CAProvider of photonic integrated circuit-based modules,
components and subsystems for use in optical communications networks including the Dynamic
Channel Equalizer product line which is used to configure ROADMs and Optical Nodes to
equalize or block individual optical channels and enables dynamic provisioning in the
network.

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