Riders to the station will find themselves in the very heart of Center City. City Hall lies across the street from the station, and such attractions as Love Park, the Penn Center area, and the Comcast Center are within immediate walking distance.

Dating back to 1907, 15th Street was an original station along the Market-Frankford Line, and was not designed for ADA accessibility; in 2003, SEPTA rebuilt the station escalators, for which a lawsuit was filed by the Disabled in Action of Pennsylvania, citing that renovating one critical component would require the rest of the station complex (Including City Hall on the BSL) to be renovated, per building code requirements. As such, SEPTA would be required to make the station ADA accessible.[2] SEPTA and the City of Philadelphia had been proposing a US $100,000,000 refurbishment of City Hall Station,[3] which included structural repairs, improvements in lighting and ventilation, aesthetic improvements, as well as ADA improvements. However, the project's progression had stalled due to lack of funds.[4]

In November 2011, the Central Philadelphia Development Corporation awarded construction contracts totaling $50 million for the restoration of Dilworth Park above the station, following the eviction of the Occupy Philly protesters occupying the area; the contract includes the accessibility improvements for the station.[5] SEPTA awarded construction contracts for the improvements in January 2012,[6] the project consisted of a restoration of the plaza, creating a "gateway" to the SEPTA transit station and installing elevators connecting to the street and Market-Frankford platforms at 15th. The contract did not include any accessibility for the disabled to the Broad Street Line platforms, which are outside the plaza boundaries, the total cost of the project has risen to $55 million, with most of the money coming from a federal grant, with additional contributions by the City of Philadelphia ($5 million), and non-profit organizations including the William Penn Foundation. The project, originally to have been completed July 2014, had been delayed due to the necessity to deal with stairways, duct banks and pipes construction crews encountered, that did not appear in any blueprints,[7] the renovated Dilworth Park opened on September 4, 2014.[8]

In 2013, the passage of PA Act 89 (Transportation Funding Law) has allowed SEPTA to move forward with the $147 million BSL/MFL station renovation,[9] the reconstruction of 15th began in 2016, and is expected to be complete in 2018, with reconstruction of City Hall station to begin in 2019.[10][11]

1.
SEPTA
–
SEPTA also manages construction projects that maintain, replace, and expand infrastructure and rolling stock. SEPTA is the transit provider for Philadelphia and its suburbs in Delaware, Montgomery, Bucks. SEPTA is a state created authority and the majority of its board is appointed by the five Pennsylvania counties it serves. SEPTA has the 6th-largest U. S. rapid transit system by ridership, and it controls 290 active stations, over 450 miles of track,2,295 revenue vehicles, and 196 routes. SEPTA also manages Shared-Ride services in Philadelphia and ADA services across the region and these services are operated by third-party contractors. SEPTA is one of only two U. S. SEPTAs headquarters are located at 1234 Market Street in Center City, SEPTA was created by the Pennsylvania legislature on August 17,1963, to coordinate government subsidies to various transit and railroad companies in southeastern Pennsylvania. It commenced on February 18,1964, by 1966, the Reading Company and Pennsylvania Railroad commuter railroad lines were operated under contract to SEPTA. On February 1,1968, the Pennsylvania Railroad merged with the New York Central railroad to become Penn Central, Penn Central continued to operate in bankruptcy until 1976, when Conrail took over its assets along with those of several other bankrupt railroads, including the Reading Company. Conrail operated commuter services under contract to SEPTA until January 1,1983, when SEPTA took over operations and acquired track, rolling stock, and other assets to form the Railroad Division. Since 1913, a long proposed Roosevelt Boulevard Subway had a similar fate as New Yorks Second Avenue Subway where many proposals were made, many acquisitions had been made, but only amounted to continuous service cuts through consolidations of competing services of the Reading Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad. It wasnt until the early 2000s that there was any talk of expansion, the PTC had been created in 1940 with the merger of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company and a group of smaller, then independent transit companies operating within the city and its environs. Today, this is the Victory Division, though it is referred to as the Red Arrow Division. On March 1,1976, SEPTA acquired the operations of Schuylkill Valley Lines. Future expansion of SEPTAs commuter rail lines has been discussed since the mid-1980s when the system suffered severe cutbacks, proposals have been made to restore service to Allentown, Bethlehem, West Chester and Newtown, with support from commuters, local officials and pro-train advocates. The Schuylkill Valley Metro and other plans that would re-establish service to Phoenixville, Pottsville, SEPTA has also considered the possibility of a cross-county metro that would provide service between the suburban counties without requiring the rider to go into Philadelphia. However, many derelict lines under SEPTA ownership have been converted to rail trails, additionally, some, such as Senator Bob Casey, have proposed expanding the Broad Street Line to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Proposals have also made for increased service on existing lines, including later evenings and Sundays to Wilmington. Marylands MARC commuter rail system is considering extending its service as far as Newark Rail Station, as of 2014, an expansion of the Norristown High Speed Line is under consideration to extend service to the King of Prussia area

2.
Rapid transit
–
Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems

3.
Market Street (Philadelphia)
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Market Street, originally known as High Street, is a major east–west street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is signed as Pennsylvania Route 3 between the 38th Street and 15th Street, the High Street was the familiar name of the principal street in nearly every English town at the time Philadelphia was founded. But if Philadelphia was indebted to England for the name of High Street, nearly every American town is, in turn, indebted to Philadelphia for its Market Street. Long before the city was out or settled, Philadelphias founder. The citys first market stalls were situated in the center of the thoroughfare starting at Front Street, the stalls soon became covered and were not taken down as planned. Later, additional covered sheds appeared west of Center Square as the city expanded westward, the street began to be called Market Street around 1800. The roads new name was official by an ordinance of 1858, ironically. Market Street has been called the most historic highway in the United States because of the historic sites along its eastern section. Many of Benjamin Franklins activities were centered along Market Street and his house was located near the intersection of Fourth Street, and he may have performed his famous kite-flying experiment near Third and Market Streets. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in a house once located at the Seventh Street intersection. The mansion of Robert Morris, financier of the American Revolution, was located near Sixth and this house, known as the Presidents House, was used by George Washington and John Adams as their residence during their terms as President. Around 1795 Theophilus Cazenove lived at Market Street, several important finance and publishing firsts also occurred along Market Street between Second and Fourth Streets during the 18th century. Market Street is still one of the locations of business. Market Street runs from Millbourne to Front Street in Center City, at Front Street, a bridge over Interstate 95 brings traffic from Penns Landing, on the western bank of the Delaware River, onto westbound Market Street. Market Street runs one way, eastbound, between 20th Street and 15th Street, with traffic diverted onto JFK Boulevard. Market Street is interrupted between 15th Street and Juniper Street by Philadelphia City Hall, and technical does not intersect with Broad Street as a result, a pedestrian-only path continues Market Street across the City Hall block. Between 12th Street and roughly 20th Street, Market Street is heavily commercial, the street continues westward, crossing over the Schuylkill River via the Market Street Bridge, into and through University City and West Philadelphia. SEPTAs Market-Frankford Line runs along Market Street, as a subway east of 44th Street and as a line above Market Street

4.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland

5.
Pennsylvania
–
Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America

6.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

7.
City of Philadelphia
–
In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland

8.
SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes
–
The Suburban Transit Division is broken down into three divisions. These routes are operated from the Victory Division, located at the 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby Township and this also includes 101 Media,102 Sharon Hill, and Norristown High Speed Line rail operations. These routes were operated by the Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company. Routes in the Chester area of Delaware County as well as Chester Pike operations were operated by Southern Penn Bus Lines. Today, Routes 114,117, and 118 are leftovers of the old Southern Penn system, the Philadelphia Transportation Companys PTC Folsom Division bus routes were taken over by Red Arrow Lines on January 20,1961. Since that time the Ex-PTC routes have been eliminated or consolidated into the current route system, SEPTA took over Red Arrow Lines on January 29,1970. This was one of the last privately owned transit operations left in the United States, even today some longtime residents, transit historians, and the local news media still refer to this operation as SEPTAs Red Arrow Division. In 2011 SEPTA renamed 69th Street Terminal to 69th Street Transportation Center and these routes are operated from the Frontier garage in Plymouth Township, Montgomery County. This division of SEPTA was created through a combination of former Schuylkill Valley Line services in the Norristown area, Routes 96 to 99 which helped form the original five SEPTA Frontier Division Routes were once part of the old Schuylkill Valley Lines that SEPTA acquired on March 1,1976. The old Schuylkill Valley Lines routes were restructured into five routes on March 7,1977 with Route 95 being a new route. Routes 127 to 129 were once part of the old Trenton Philadelphia Coach Lines TPC which became a subsidiary of the Philadelphia Transportation Company PTC on January 24,1963, when SEPTA took over PTC, Trenton Philadelphia Coach became a subsidiary of SEPTA. These routes were assigned Routes 150 to 153 in 1980 and these routes continued to operate under SEPTA/TPC until November 14,1983 when SEPTA Frontier Division took over the operations of these routes and rebranded them Routes 127,128, and 129. All other routes have been added onto the system since then, trenton-Philadelphia Coach Lines was brought back to life by SEPTA as a contract operation for its Routes 310 and LUCY operations. Service on these lines are operated by Krapfs Coaches under contract to SEPTA and these routes are operated from Krapfs own garage, located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Krapfs has operated bus routes for SEPTA in the past, Routes 202, Route 207, Route 208, Route 306. SEPTA has had bus operations before in Chester County. SEPTA and Reeders Inc. joined forces in 1977 to operate three bus routes out of West Chester and these routes were the Route 120, Route 121, and Route 122. Reeders also operated their own bus route from West Chester to Concord and Tri-State Malls via US202, Transit operations in Chester County has been around for decades operating under different companies over those years

9.
Side platform
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A side platform is a platform positioned to the side of a pair of tracks at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. Dual side platform stations, one for direction of travel, is the basic station design used for double-track railway lines. Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with a platform where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track. In some stations, the two platforms are connected by a footbridge running above and over the tracks. While a pair of platforms is often provided on a dual-track line. Where the station is close to a crossing the platforms may either be on the same side of the crossing road or alternatively may be staggered in one of two ways. With the near-side platforms configuration, each platform appears before the intersection, in some situations a single side platform can be served by multiple vehicles simultaneously with a scissors crossing provided to allow access mid-way along its length. Normally, the facilities of the station are located on the Up platform with the other platform accessed from a footbridge. However, in cases the stations main buildings are located on whichever side faces the town or village the station serves. Larger stations may have two platforms with several island platforms in between. Some are in a Spanish solution format, with two platforms and an island platform in between, serving two tracks

10.
Tram
–
A tram is a rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways, Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways. However, trams were used in urban areas before the universal adoption of electrification. Tram lines may run between cities and/or towns, and/or partially grade-separated even in the cities. Very occasionally, trams also carry freight, Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than conventional trains and rapid transit trains, but the size of trams is rapidly increasing. Some trams may also run on railway tracks, a tramway may be upgraded to a light rail or a rapid transit line. For all these reasons, the differences between the modes of rail transportation are often indistinct. In the United States, the tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph, in some cases by a sliding shoe on a third rail. If necessary, they may have dual power systems — electricity in city streets, trams are now included in the wider term light rail, which also includes segregated systems. The English terms tram and tramway are derived from the Scots word tram, referring respectively to a type of truck used in coal mines and the tracks on which they ran. The word tram probably derived from Middle Flemish trame, a Romanesque word meaning the beam or shaft of a barrow or sledge, the identical word la trame with the meaning crossbeam is also used in the French language. The word Tram-car is attested from 1873, although the terms tram and tramway have been adopted by many languages, they are not used universally in English, North Americans prefer streetcar, trolley, or trolleycar. The term streetcar is first recorded in 1840, and originally referred to horsecars, when electrification came, Americans began to speak of trolleycars or later, trolleys. The troller design frequently fell off the wires, and was replaced by other more reliable devices. The terms trolley pole and trolley wheel both derive from the troller, Modern trams often have an overhead pantograph mechanical linkage to connect to power, abandoning the trolley pole altogether. Conventional diesel tourist buses decorated to look like streetcars are sometimes called trolleys in the US, the term may also apply to an aerial ropeway, e. g. the Roosevelt Island Tramway. Over time, the trolley has fallen into informal use

11.
Broad Street Line
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It is named for Broad Street, the street under which it runs for almost its entire length. It is one of two rapid transit lines in the SEPTA system overall alongside the Market–Frankford Line. The line and its trains were leased to SEPTA in 1968 after it assumed operation of the city transit systems from the former Philadelphia Transportation Company, Broad Street Line subway cars bear both the SEPTA logo and the seal of the City of Philadelphia to reflect the split ownership-operation arrangement. Service on the half of the Broad Street Line, between City Hall and Olney Avenue, opened on September 1,1928. Service from that point south to Snyder Avenue began on September 18,1938, to close the gaps, the two inner express tracks were laid from Erie to Girard in 1959, and again from Olney to Erie in 1991. From Lombard-South station south to Snyder, the tunnel was constructed differently – only the half of the line was built. The track currently used for trains is actually the northbound express track. The extension to Pattison Station now called AT&T Station in 1973 continued this arrangement, the resulting infrastructure would match the configuration built in the northern half of the line. Provisions for flying junctions exist in the tunnels at three locations, north of Olney station, north of Erie station, and between Tasker-Morris and Snyder stations and these were to connect to planned but never built extensions to the north, northeast, northwest and southwest. The AT&T Station contains a level platform, built to accommodate additional trains for large crowds at sporting events. Seldom used in recent years, these tracks are most often used to rolling stock. Both the City of Philadelphia and SEPTA have studied extending the Broad Street Line along Roosevelt Boulevard, the city governments archives contain a survey report, prepared in 1948, discussing a need for an extension of the Broad Street line from Erie Avenue to the vicinity of Pennypack Circle. Subway car destination signage even included station and terminus names for major streets along Roosevelt Boulevard such as Rhawn Street, an expansion into another part of the City could better use the capacity of the four-track trunk line. This station was destroyed when the facility was demolished in October 1994, ultimately the Northeast Expressway was never built, due to lack of funds, and the subway extension remained a paper concept. On September 10,1999, SEPTA filed a Notice of Intent to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Northeast Extension with the EPA, the estimated cost had ballooned to $3.4 billion. Currently, the Broad Street Line terminates southbound at AT&T Station at Pattison Ave, the HIA recommends making an extension of the Broad Street Line a priority, and recently, the extension has garnered much support. A report in the 1940s proposed an extension of the Locust St. subway to West Philadelphia and this line would have run under one of the streets presently served by the subway-surface system. Presumably, the current subway-surfaces lines would have converted to bus operation

12.
City Hall station (SEPTA)
–
City Hall is a SEPTA subway station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It serves the Broad Street Line and is located in Center City Philadelphia underneath Philadelphia City Hall and it is the busiest station on the line, serving 57,000 passengers daily. City Hall station is served by Local, Express, and Special Sport Express trains, entrances are located on both the east and west sides of City Hall as well as in the central courtyard. A free interchange is available all of the subway lines here, including the 15th Street stop for the Market–Frankford Line. The station is connected to the Center City Commuter Connection underground concourse, City Hall Station is also connected to the Broad Street Lines Walnut–Locust Station, which in turn is connected to PATCO Speedlines 12–13th & Locust Station and 15–16th & Locust Station. However, no interchange is available to any of these stations. This is one of the two stops along the Broad Street Subway not under Broad Street, with the one being Fern Rock Station. As built, City Hall was a station along the 1928 Broad Street Line. As such, SEPTA would be required to make the station ADA accessible, however, the projects progression had stalled due to lack of funds. SEPTA awarded construction contracts for the improvements in January 2012, the project currently consists of a restoration of the plaza, and installing elevators connecting to the street and Market-Frankford platforms at 15th. Further accessibility improvements at 15th and reconstruction of the Broad Street Lines City Hall station had been stalled pending additional funding, in 2013, the passage of PA Act 89 has allowed SEPTA to move forward with the $147 million BSL/MFL station renovation. The reconstruction of 15th and City Hall stations is planned to begin in 2016, with the stations complete in 2018 and 2020, respectively

13.
SEPTA Regional Rail
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The SEPTA Regional Rail system consists of commuter rail service on 13 branches to more than 150 active stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and its suburbs and satellite cities. Service on most lines operates from 5,30 a. m. to midnight and it is the fifth-busiest commuter railroad in the United States and busiest outside of the New York and Chicago metropolitan areas. In 2016, Regional Rail had an average of 132,000 daily riders, All trains stop at these Center City stations, most also stop at Temple University station on the campus of Temple University in North Philadelphia. Operations are handled by the SEPTA Railroad Division, of the 13 branches, seven were originally owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad, and six by the Reading Company. The PRR lines terminated at Suburban Station, the Reading lines at Reading Terminal, in November 1984, the Center City Commuter Connection united the two systems, turning the two terminal stations into through-stations. Most inbound trains from one line continue on as outbound trains on another line. Each PRR line was paired with a Reading branch and numbered from R1 to R8. Former Pennsylvania Railroad lines Airport Line, terminates at the Philadelphia International Airport, Chestnut Hill West Line, terminates in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia. Cynwyd Line, terminates in Cynwyd and operates weekdays only, until 1986, trains continued on to Ivy Ridge station in northwestern Philadelphia. Until 1986, trains continued on to West Chester, SEPTA is in the process of restoring service to Wawa, approximately three miles west of Elwyn by 2020. Paoli/Thorndale Line, trains terminate at Malvern or Thorndale, additional rush hour trains terminate at Bryn Mawr, Trenton Line, terminates in Trenton, New Jersey. This line uses Amtraks Northeast Corridor, and offers a connection at Trenton to New Jersey Transits Northeast Corridor Line for continued service to New York City, wilmington/Newark Line, terminates in Wilmington, Delaware, with some weekday trains continuing to Newark, Delaware. The Delaware Department of Transportation subsidizes Delaware service and this line runs entirely on Amtraks Northeast Corridor. Former Reading Company lines Chestnut Hill East Line, terminates in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, Fox Chase Line, terminates in the Fox Chase section of Philadelphia. Until 1983, connecting diesel trains continued to Newtown, Pennsylvania, on weekdays, approximately half of the local trains terminate at Lansdale while the remainder of the local trains, and some expresses, continue on to Doylestown. Manayunk/Norristown Line, terminates at Elm Street in Norristown, West Trenton Line, terminates at the West Trenton station in Ewing, New Jersey. In 2003, passengers boarding in Philadelphia accounted for 61% of trips on a typical weekday, SEPTA uses a mixed fleet of General Electric and Hyundai Rotem Silverliner electric multiple unit cars, used on all Regional Rail lines. SEPTAs railroad reporting mark SEPA is the mark for their revenue equipment

14.
Suburban Station
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Suburban Station is an art deco office building and underground commuter rail station in Penn Center, Philadelphia. Its official SEPTA address is 16th Street and JFK Boulevard, the station is owned and operated by SEPTA and is one of the three core Center City stations on the SEPTA Regional Rail. The station was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad to replace the original Broad Street Station, the station opened as a stub-end terminal for Pennsylvania Railroad trains serving Center City Philadelphia, intended to replace the above-ground Broad Street Station in this function. The stations full name was originally Broad Street Suburban Station, One Penn Center served as the headquarters of the PRR from 1930 to 1957. When Amtrak took over the Silverliner Service from Penn Central in 1972, the trains were named Keystone Service in 1981. By the late 1980s, the Metroliners used for the service were in poor shape, the change was listed as temporary on timetables starting on May 15,1988 and lasting into 1990. Plans for a tunnel to link the Pennsylvania and Reading commuter lines were floated as early as the 1950s, the project languished in the 1970s due to lack of funding until federal money was appropriated during Philadelphia mayor Frank Rizzos time in office. The recently renovated 21-story building above is also the core of the Penn Center office complex, the office building attained an Energy Star Rating in 2009. BLT Architects transformed Suburban Station in 2006, the station was redesigned to make navigation easier and adapt to current pedestrian traffic. Upgrades included increased space, a reactivated and improved HVAC system. The station is now in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. All SEPTA Regional Rail trains stop at this station, all run through except those on the Cynwyd Line as well as some limited/express trains which terminate on one of the stub-end tracks at this station. Through trains usually change crews at this station, the station has an extensive concourse level above track level. This concourse has SEPTA ticket offices, retail shops and restaurants, the connections include the Broad Street Line at the City Hall station and the Market-Frankford Line and Subway-Surface Lines at the 15th Street station

15.
SEPTA City Transit Division surface routes
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Some of the bordering municipalities are served by the City Transit division, despite not being part of the city. For example, Cheltenham Township has 13 city division routes and zero of the Suburban Division routes, Transit in Philadelphia started out with several dozen horse car, cable, and traction companies. In 1895, these companies began uniting under three main operations Electric Traction Company, Peoples Traction Company, and Philadelphia Transportation Company, the following year, these three consolidated into the new Union Traction Company. In 1902, Union Traction Company went bankrupt, the company was reorganized under the name of PHILADELPHIA RAPID TRANSIT on July 1,1902, despite efforts by Thomas E. Mitten, PHILADELPHIA RAPID TRANSIT went bankrupt in 1939. The new PHILADELPHIA TRANSPORTATION COMPANY took over its operation on January 1,1940, in the 1950s, National City Lines took over management of the PHILADELPHIA TRANSPORTATION COMPANY on March 1,1955 and began converting streetcar lines to bus routes. SEPTA, created in 1962, bought and took over PHILADELPHIA TRANSPORTATION COMPANY transit operations on September 30,1968, after the purchase of the Red Arrow Lines on January 29,1970, SEPTA designated the city services as its City Transit Division. Route R replaced Route A along Hunting Park Ave, and Roosevelt Blvd, Route A then served Roxborough, Andorra within Philadelphia and Barren Hill in Montgomery County. Route A was eliminated and replaced by bus Routes 9,27, the LUCY routes loop through a circular route in University City, Philadelphia. There are two lines—Green and Gold—both of which travel along the routes, but in opposite directions. ===SEPTA ROUTE69 was discontinued in 1990, it went from Wynnefield to Manayunk via Belmont Hills, ===SEPTA ROUTE A is part of Routes 9,27 &32 ===SEPTA ROUTE B is part of Route 14 ===SEPTA Route C was a line operated primarily upon Broad Street. In FY2010, the route had 4,520,308 annual passengers, and 14,958 average weekday passengers, for a total of $4,211,345 in passenger revenue. The route, with 26 vehicles at peak hours, cost $13,421,916 to operate, yielding a 31% farebox recovery ratio.136,640 On February 19,2012, Route C was split into routes 4 and 16. ===SEPTA ROUTE D is part of Route 21 ===SEPTA ROUTE E is part of Route 65 ===SEPTA ROUTE F was discontinued

16.
Volt
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The volt is the derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force. One volt is defined as the difference in potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those points. It is also equal to the difference between two parallel, infinite planes spaced 1 meter apart that create an electric field of 1 newton per coulomb. Additionally, it is the difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms, watts per ampere, or joules per coulomb, for the Josephson constant, KJ = 2e/h, the conventional value KJ-90 is used, K J-90 =0.4835979 GHz μ V. This standard is typically realized using an array of several thousand or tens of thousands of junctions. Empirically, several experiments have shown that the method is independent of device design, material, measurement setup, etc. in the water-flow analogy sometimes used to explain electric circuits by comparing them with water-filled pipes, voltage is likened to difference in water pressure. Current is proportional to the diameter of the pipe or the amount of water flowing at that pressure. A resistor would be a reduced diameter somewhere in the piping, the relationship between voltage and current is defined by Ohms Law. Ohms Law is analogous to the Hagen–Poiseuille equation, as both are linear models relating flux and potential in their respective systems, the voltage produced by each electrochemical cell in a battery is determined by the chemistry of that cell. Cells can be combined in series for multiples of that voltage, mechanical generators can usually be constructed to any voltage in a range of feasibility. High-voltage electric power lines,110 kV and up Lightning, Varies greatly. Volta had determined that the most effective pair of metals to produce electricity was zinc. In 1861, Latimer Clark and Sir Charles Bright coined the name volt for the unit of resistance, by 1873, the British Association for the Advancement of Science had defined the volt, ohm, and farad. In 1881, the International Electrical Congress, now the International Electrotechnical Commission and they made the volt equal to 108 cgs units of voltage, the cgs system at the time being the customary system of units in science. At that time, the volt was defined as the difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power. The international volt was defined in 1893 as 1/1.434 of the emf of a Clark cell and this definition was abandoned in 1908 in favor of a definition based on the international ohm and international ampere until the entire set of reproducible units was abandoned in 1948. Prior to the development of the Josephson junction voltage standard, the volt was maintained in laboratories using specially constructed batteries called standard cells

17.
Direct current
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Direct current is a flow of electrical charge carriers that always takes place in the same direction. The current need not always have the magnitude, but if it is to be defined as dc. This contrasts with alternating current which varies the direction of flow, sources of direct current include power supplies, electrochemical cells and batteries, and photovoltaic cells and panels. The intensity, or amplitude, of a direct current might fluctuate with time, in some such cases the dc has an ac component superimposed on it. An example of this is the output of a cell that receives a modulated light communications signal. A source of dc is sometimes called a dc generator, batteries and various other sources of dc produce a constant voltage. This is called pure dc and can be represented by a straight, the peak and effective values are the same. The peak to peak value is zero because the instantaneous amplitude never changes, in some instances the value of a dc voltage pulsates or oscillates rapidly with time, in a manner similar to the changes in an ac wave. The unfiltered output of a wave or a full wave rectifier. In 1820, Hans Christian Orsted discovered that electrical current creates a magnetic field and this discovery made scientists relate magnetism to the electric phenomena. In 1879, Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. He improved a 50-year-old idea using lower current electricity, a vacuum inside the globe and a small carbonized filament. At that time, the idea of lightning was not new. Edison not only invented an incandescent electric light, but an electric lighting system contained all the necessary elements to make the incandescent light safe, economical. Prior to 1879, direct current electricity had been used in lighting for the outdoors and it was in the 1880s when the modern electric utility industry began. It was an evolution from street lighting systems and from gas and it was located in Lower Manhattan, on Pearl Street. This station provided light and electricity to customers in a one square mile range, the station was called Thomas Edisons Pearl Street Electricity Generating Station. This station introduced four elements of an electric utility system, Efficient distribution, competitive price, reliable central generation

18.
Overhead line
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An overhead line or overhead wire is used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses, or trains. Overhead line is designed on the principle of one or more overhead wires situated over rail tracks, the feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid. Electric trains that collect their current from overhead lines use a device such as a pantograph and it presses against the underside of the lowest overhead wire, the contact wire. Current collectors are electrically conductive and allow current to flow through to the train or tram, non-electric locomotives may pass along these tracks without affecting the overhead line, although there may be difficulties with overhead clearance. Alternative electrical power transmission schemes for trains include third rail, ground-level power supply, batteries and this article does not cover regenerative braking, where the traction motors act as generators to retard movement and return power to the overhead. To achieve good high-speed current collection, it is necessary to keep the wire geometry within defined limits. This is usually achieved by supporting the wire from a second wire known as the messenger wire or catenary. This wire approximates the path of a wire strung between two points, a catenary curve, thus the use of catenary to describe this wire or sometimes the whole system. This wire is attached to the wire at regular intervals by vertical wires known as droppers or drop wires. It is supported regularly at structures, by a pulley, link, the whole system is then subjected to a mechanical tension. As the contact wire makes contact with the pantograph, the insert on top of the pantograph is worn down. The straight wire between supports will cause the wire to cross over the whole surface of the pantograph as the train travels around the curve, causing uniform wear. On straight track, the wire is zigzagged slightly to the left. The movement of the wire across the head of the pantograph is called the sweep. The zigzagging of the line is not required for trolley poles. Depot areas tend to have only a wire and are known as simple equipment or trolley wire. When overhead line systems were first conceived, good current collection was only at low speeds. Compound equipment - uses a second wire, known as the auxiliary

19.
69th Street Transportation Center
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The 69th Street Transportation Center, also known as the 69th Street Terminal, is a SEPTA terminal in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. The 69th Street Transportation Center also includes SEPTA sales offices, stores, the immediate portion of 69th Street surrounding the center is very popular with area residents, housing numerous bars, restaurants, shops, and the Tower Theater concert venue. A parking lot is adjacent, with parking, both metered and unmetered, throughout the terminals neighborhood. The Norristown High-Speed Line runs entirely on its own right-of-way from the terminal to the terminus at the Norristown Transportation Center. The Media and Sharon Hill trolley lines run southwest from the terminal in the median of Terminal Square and then on a separate right-of-way after the Fairfield Avenue stop. Two former trolley lines, now bus lines, Routes 103 and 104 run along the median of Pennsylvania Route 3 as far west as North Keystone Avenue, SEPTA Route 123 connects this station with the King of Prussia Transit Center at the King of Prussia Mall. As far as the SEPTA heavy rail system is concerned, the 69th Street Terminal is one of two stations located outside Philadelphia proper, the 69th Street Transportation Center celebrated its 100th anniversary in May 2008. It was renamed from 69th Street Terminal in 2011

20.
13th Street station (SEPTA)
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13th Street is a SEPTA Market-Frankford Line and Subway-Surface Lines station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, under Market Street between 13th and Juniper Streets in Center City. The station serves the Market–Frankford Line and as the terminus for all five routes of the Subway–Surface Trolley Lines, until 2011, it was named the 13th Street stop on the Market–Frankford Line and as the Juniper terminus for the Subway–Surface Trolleys. The Market–Frankford Line platforms are located one story below ground level, the south concourse, accessible from the eastbound platform, features underground access to SEPTAs headquarters and transit museum, located at 1234 Market Street. The Subway–Surface trolley platform for Routes 10,11,13,34, the station is located at the end of the Subway–Surface Line on a balloon loop located under Juniper Street, and features a single track with all trolleys operating in the same direction. Inbound trolleys discharge passengers on the southernmost portion of the platform, the trolley then proceeds to pick up passengers at either Berth 1 or Berth 2. Routes 10,11 and 13 board at Berth 1, which is located on the northernmost portion of the platform, Routes 34 and 36 board at Berth 2, which is in the center of the platform. Upon departure of the station, the wraps around and heads west towards 15th Street station. It also features a spur track to the northeast that is occasionally used to park stranded or dead trolleys

21.
19th Street station (SEPTA)
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19th Street station is a subway station in Philadelphia. It is located underneath Market Street in Center City Philadelphia, touches of the original 1907 station, such as columns and railings, still remain. The station lies in the heart of Philadelphias financial district, steps away from the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, similar to 22nd Street Station, the station has two side platforms with a total of four tracks. Only the two tracks serve the station, the two inner tracks are used for the Market-Frankford Line as it travels between 15th Street and 30th Street. Since the station is served by the trolley lines, there is no fare collection at the station. Turnstiles will be installed in the future as part of the New Payment Technologies project, SEPTA - 19th Street SSL Station 19th Street Subway-Surface Trolley Line station 19th Street entrance from Google Maps Street View

22.
36th Street Portal
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The 36th Street Portal is a SEPTA Subway-Surface Lines trolley station in Philadelphia. Trolleys run in the tunnel from this station to Center City Philadelphia, at 33rd Street, the 10 trolley connects with the other Subway-Surface Lines which come into the tunnel at 40th Street. After entering the tunnel, the 10 trolley runs under Market Street to Center City Philadelphia, the station itself is above ground right before the tunnel. It is about a block and a walk away from the Sansom Commons/36th Street station where one may connect to the other trolley lines in their tunnel without having to go to the 33rd Street station. Media related to 36th Street Portal at Wikimedia Commons SEPTA Route 10 map Flickr - SEPTA 36th Street Portal images Station from Google Maps Street View

23.
40th Street Portal
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The 40th Street Portal, also known as simply 40th Street station, is a SEPTA Subway-Surface Lines trolley station in Philadelphia. At this stations portal, four of the five Subway-Surface Lines enter the Woodland Avenue subway tunnel after running on the street in Southwest Philadelphia, eastbound trolleys run in the tunnel under the nearby campuses of the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University to Center City Philadelphia. Westbound trolleys travel to the Philadelphia neighborhoods of Eastwick and Angora, the station is above ground at the entrance to the tunnel. When the tunnel is closed, trolleys are re-routed along 42nd Street to intersect with the 40th Street station of the Market-Frankford Line

24.
Metro station
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A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system, which as a whole is usually called a Metro or Subway. The station provides a means for passengers to purchase tickets, access trains stopping at its platforms, the location of a metro station is carefully planned to provide easy access to important urban facilities such as roads, commercial centers, major buildings and other transport nodes. Most stations are located underground, with entrances/exits leading up to ground or street level, the bulk of the station typically positioned under land reserved for public thoroughfares or parks. This is especially important where the station is serving high-density urban precincts, in other cases, a station may be elevated above a road, or at ground level depending on the level of the train tracks. The physical, visual and economic impact of the station and its operations will be greater, planners will often take metro lines or parts of lines at or above ground where urban density decreases, extending the system further for less cost. Metros are most commonly used in cities, with great populations. Alternatively, a railway land corridor is re-purposed for rapid transit. At street level the logo of the company marks the entrances/exits of the station. Usually, signage shows the name of the station and describes the facilities of the station, often there are several entrances for one station, saving pedestrians from needing to cross a street and reducing crowding. A metro station typically provides ticket vending and ticket validating systems, the station is divided into an unpaid zone connected to the street, and a paid zone connected to the train platforms. The ticket barrier allows passengers with tickets to pass between these zones. The barrier may operated by staff or more typically with automated turnstiles or gates that open when a pass is scanned or detected. Some small metro systems dispense with paid zones and validate tickets with staff in the train carriages, access from the street to ticketing and the train platform is provided by stairs, concourses, escalators, elevators and tunnels. The station will be designed to minimise overcrowding and improve flow, permanent or temporary barriers may be used to manage crowds. Some metro stations have connections to important nearby buildings. Most jurisdictions mandate that people with disabilities must have unassisted use of the station and this is resolved with elevators, taking a number of people from street level to the unpaid ticketing area, and then from the paid area to the platform. In addition, there will be stringent requirements for emergencies, with lighting, emergency exits. Stations are a part of the evacuation route for passengers escaping from a disabled or troubled train

25.
PATCO Speedline
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The PATCO Speedline is a rapid transit system operated by the Port Authority Transit Corporation, which runs between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden County, New Jersey. The Port Authority Transit Corporation and the Speedline are owned and operated by the Delaware River Port Authority, the line transports over 38,000 people daily. In 2012, ridership reached a high, with the system having carried 10,612,897 passengers. Speedline operation began on February 15,1969, with the first trip from Lindenwold, New Jersey, to Center City, the Speedline operates 24 hours a day, one of only six U. S. rapid transit systems to do so. The modern-day PATCO Speedline follows the route of several railroad lines. These railroads all terminated in Camden, where passengers could catch ferries across the Delaware River to Philadelphia, construction of the rail line did not actually begin until 1932, and the Bridge Line opened on June 7,1936. Relatively short, it only had four stations, 8th Street and Franklin Square in Philadelphia and City Hall and this section is owned by the City of Philadelphia and leased by PATCO. No sooner had the Bridge Line entered service than neighboring communities in Southern New Jersey began agitating for rapid transit extensions to serve them, Route A would run to Moorestown, Route B to Kirkwood, and Route C to Woodbury Heights. A later study by Louis T. Klauder & Associates recommended using the Bridge Line instead to reach Philadelphia and suggested building Route B first, DRPA service ended on December 29,1968 for final conversion of the line. An infill park-and-ride station, Woodcrest, was added in 1980, in 2005, PATCO officials began planning a new route in the corridor of the originally proposed Route C that would serve Gloucester County and end in Glassboro on the grounds of Rowan University. The proposed Glassboro–Camden Line would require riders to transfer to the Speedline at the Walter Rand Transportation Center for trips to Philadelphia, in 2008, the Delaware River Port Authority announced that it was commissioning a design plan for renovating, modernizing and reopening the Franklin Square station. As of March 2015, DRPA estimated that reopening the station would cost more than $18 million, as of December 5,2016, DRPA’s CEO, John Hanson, said a five-year, $28.2 million plan is now in place for the eventual reopening. The DRPA board recently approved moving ahead, design work will come first, beginning in 2017. Requests for quotations from engineering firms are due near the end of January, the heavy construction work may not happen until 2020, with the opening the following year. PATCO operates 121 67-foot cars which were acquired in two orders, labeled PATCO I and PATCO II. The original PATCO I cars were designed and manufactured by Budd of Philadelphia, cars numbered 101-125 are single units, and cars numbered 201-250 are in permanently coupled married pairs. The PATCO II cars were delivered in 1980 and consisted of married pairs numbered 251-296, the single units differ from the married pairs by having an extra single leaf door located behind each operators booth. This was installed before the collection system was finalized and there was a possibility of operators collecting fares on board during the late night hours

26.
8th Street station (Philadelphia)
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8th Street is a subway station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the corner of 8th Street and Market Street. It is served by SEPTAs Market-Frankford Line and Broad–Ridge Spur, the station is owned by SEPTA, PATCO leases its section. The station is known as 8th Street on the Market-Frankford Line and the Broad-Ridge Spur and it has two levels, with PATCO running N/S on the lower level and SEPTA running E/W on the upper level. The Broad-Ridge Spur, a branch of the Broad Street Line and it originally used an abandoned track connection to travel through the Locust Street Subway. No free transfers are available, even between the Market-Frankford Line and the Broad-Ridge Spur, for decades 8th and Market was Philadelphias retail hub, with major department stores Strawbridges, Gimbels and Lit Brothers located at that corner, all with direct entrances to the subway. A concourse still feeds traffic from the station to The Gallery at Market East shopping mall, SEPTAs Market-Frankford Line occupies the upper level of the station. The station has two platforms on the north and south sides of the stations. Passengers may use a staircase within the area to transfer between platforms. PATCO occupies the lower level of the station, the station has one island platform located perpendicular to the Market-Frankford Line tracks above. The PATCO platform has two areas, one at the platforms north end, the other at the south end. Each fare area contains a staircase, an elevator, and an up escalator, each PATCO platform has a distinct accent color, the 8th Street accent color is teal. Note, The Broad–Ridge Spur and the Market–Frankford Line platforms, while on the level, are perpendicular to each other. Media related to 8th Street station at Wikimedia Commons SEPTA - 8th Street MFL and BRS stations 8th & Market 8th Street entrance from Google Maps Street View

27.
Philadelphia City Hall
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Philadelphia City Hall, built in 1901 and located at 1 Penn Square, is the seat of government for the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The building was designed by Scottish-born architect John McArthur, Jr. in the Second Empire style, City Hall was topped off in 1894, although the interior wasnt finished until 1901. Designed to be the worlds tallest building, it was surpassed during construction by the Washington Monument, with almost 700 rooms, City Hall is the largest municipal building in the United States. The building houses three branches of government, playing host to the executive branch, its legislature. The statue is the tallest atop any building in the world, Calder wished the statue to face south so that its face would be lit by the sun most of the day, the better to reveal the details of his work. Beyond Penn Treaty Park is Pennsbury Manor, Penns country home in Bucks County, yet another version for why the statue pointed generally north instead of south is that it was the current architects method of showing displeasure with the style of the work. By 1894, the design was not in the current. Penns statue is hollow, and an access tunnel through it leads to a small hatch atop the hat. The abrogation of this agreement supposedly brought a curse onto local sports teams, during the 1990s, whenever one of Philadelphias four major sports teams was in contention for a championship, the statue was decorated with the jersey or hat of that team. Other architectural features and history The tower features clocks 8 m in diameter on all four sides of the portion of the tower. This clock was designed by Warren Johnson, City Halls observation deck is located directly below the base of the statue, about 152 m above street level. Once enclosed with chain link fence, the deck is now enclosed by glass. It is reached in a 6-person elevator whose glass panels allow visitors to see the wooden superstructure that supports the tower, stairs within the tower are only used for emergency exit. The ornamentation of the tower has been simplified, the huge garlands that festooned the top panels of the tower were removed, in the 1950s, the city fathers investigated tearing down City Hall for a new building elsewhere. They found that the demolition would have bankrupted the city due to the masonry construction. City Hall became a National Historic Landmark in 1976, in 2006, it was also named a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers. City Hall is a fully bearing masonry structure with walls up to 22 feet thick, the principal exterior materials are limestone, granite, and marble. City Hall is topped with a 37 foot tall statue of William Penn, City Hall was the tallest building in Pennsylvania from 1901 until 1932, when it was surpassed by the Gulf Tower in Pittsburgh

28.
LOVE Park
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Love Park, officially known as John F. Kennedy Plaza, is a plaza located in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The park is nicknamed Love Park for its reproduction of Robert Indianas Love sculpture which overlooks the plaza, Love Park is the brainchild of former Philadelphia City Planner Edmund Bacon and architect Vincent G. Kling. The park is across from City Hall and was designed as a terminus for the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, the park was built in 1965 and covers an underground parking garage. The main features of the plaza are curved granite steps and a single spout fountain added in 1969, what was once the city visitor center was closed down for five years, but opened up in May 2006 as The Fairmount Park Welcome Center. The park was dedicated in 1967 as John F. Kennedy Plaza after President John F. Kennedy, a Love sculpture, designed by Robert Indiana, was first placed in the plaza in 1976 as part of the United States Bicentennial celebration. It was removed in 1978, but the sculpture was missed, currently, Love Park is undergoing renovation and is closed to the public. The LOVE sculpture has moved to nearby Dilworth Park temporarily. Built at the base of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in 1960 by the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce and it is currently closed while being renovated with the rest of the plaza. The Christmas Village in Philadelphia was formerly held at Dilworth Plaza, during the construction on that site of Dilworth Park, the Christmas Village was temporarily relocated to LOVE Park. It is modeled after 16th-century German Christmas Markets, the most famous one being in Nuremberg, running from Thanksgiving to New Years Eve, the village attracts thousands in Center City and is one of the most popular holiday events in Philadelphia. Currently, while Love Park is being renovated, the village has moved back to Dilworth Park for the holidays. The Ellen Phillips Samuel Memorial Fountain is often dyed colors throughout the year to commemorate or celebrate events

29.
Penn Center, Philadelphia
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Penn Center is the heart of Philadelphias central business district. It takes its name from the five million square foot office. It lies between 15th and 19th Streets, and between John F. Kennedy Boulevard and Market Street and it is credited with bringing Philadelphia into the era of modern office buildings. In 1881, the Pennsylvania Railroad brought passenger service into the center of the city, the sea of iron pillars holding up the PRRs elevated trackbed was replaced in the 1890s by a 10-block stone viaduct to the Schuylkill River. This created a barrier known as The Chinese Wall, cutting the western portion of the city in half. At the time, most commercial activity in Center City was east of Broad Street, in 1925, the Pennsylvania Railroad announced its intention to leave Broad Street Station, freeing the land for redevelopment. The railroad, which had outgrown the station and was operationally burdened by its stub-end nature, would move its operations to the newly constructed 30th Street Station. Broad Street Station was not completely vacated until 1952, during the term of Mayor Joseph S. Clark, plans for the demolition of the Chinese Wall and accompanying train station were finalized and both were razed in 1953. Ed Bacon, executive director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Bacon named the new site Penn Center with the hopes that it would become a business center and model for future development. His plan for the redevelopment of the site included three large towers, a pedestrian mall, and an underground concourse where retail and business was to be located. He picked architect Vincent Kling to design most of the buildings over Louis Kahn, the Pennsylvania Railroad wanted to sell the land off in smaller lots for piecemeal development, but Mayor Clark used his political clout to see that Bacons plan was realized. Throughout the mid- to late 20th century, the office sector began to move west into the Penn Center area. As the office-working population became more suburbanized, convenient access to Suburban Station began to take precedence to city planners over local city transit access, today, the Penn Center name is officially attached to 11 mid- and highrise office buildings. Most of the buildings of the complex are connected to the Suburban Station retail concourse, the buildings share a loading and delivery entrance on Commerce Street which connects to all the buildings underground. Although not part of Penn Center, the Comcast Center connects to the concourse, the numbers of the Penn Center buildings generally radiate clockwise around One Penn Center, the oldest building. John F. Kennedy Boulevard, on which many Penn Center buildings front, was known as Pennsylvania Boulevard until 1963

30.
Comcast Center
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Comcast Center is a skyscraper in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The 58-story, 297-meter tower is the tallest building in Philadelphia, originally called One Pennsylvania Plaza when the building was first announced in 2001, the Comcast Center went through two redesigns before construction began in 2005. Comcast Center was designed by architect Robert A. M. Stern for Liberty Property Trust, at the beginning of 2005, the final redesign and its new name—the Comcast Center—was unveiled. The building is named after its lead tenant, cable company Comcast, leasing 1,094,212 square feet, Comcast takes up 89 percent of the building. The building features retail and restaurant space and a connection to the nearby Suburban Station, in Comcast Centers lobby is the Comcast Experience, which is a 2,000 square feet high-definition LED screen that has become a tourist attraction. Designed to be friendly, the skyscraper is the tallest Leadership in Energy. In 1999, class A office vacancy in the city was at 6. 6%, eventually the developer settled on the location where he constructed this building, a 2-acre, $288 per square-foot parcel owned by Equitable Life Assurance Co. In 2000, architect Robert A. M. Stern began working on a design for a skyscraper being planned by Liberty Property Trust in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 2001, Liberty Property Trust announced its plan to build the 52-story One Pennsylvania Plaza in Center City. Anticipated US$400 million, One Pennsylvania Plaza was to be 750 ft, the site for the future skyscraper was at 17th Street and John F. Kennedy Boulevard, a site occupied by a building that housed the Defender Association of Philadelphia and a parking lot. Demolition of the began in 2002 and ended in 2003. Cable company Comcast had been looking for new headquarters space in anticipation of the end of its lease in Centre Square in 2006. Comcast was looking for more than 400,000 square feet of office space, Comcast was the only employer in the city with major expansion plans at the time. Comcast was considering staying in Centre Square, while also contemplating moving their headquarters to the new Cira Centre building or One Pennsylvania Plaza, Comcast was spread out over 10 floors in two buildings at Centre Square and wanted space on contiguous floors. In January 2004, Liberty Property Trust unveiled a redesign for the building, the redesign turned One Pennsylvania Plaza into a 60-story,962 feet tower, making it the tallest building in the city. In the redesign, the stone was changed to a lighter granite. The redesign was a result of discussions that had begun in 2003 with Comcast about moving into the tower, on January 3,2004, Liberty Property Trust signed a 15½-year lease with Comcast and a construction contract with L. F. Driscoll Co. Liberty Property Trust also unveiled another redesign of the building and its new name, the now 975 feet, 58-story Comcast Center would no longer have a pyramid top and would have a complete glass facade. The architectural model was created by Richard Tenguerian, Liberty Property Trust hoped to get the One Pennsylvania Plaza site designated a Keystone Opportunity Improvement Zone

31.
Dilworth Park
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Dilworth Park is a public space in Center City Philadelphia, along the west side of City Hall. Dilworth Park opened in September 2014 and it is named in honor of Richardson Dilworth, the 118th mayor of Philadelphia. The current park, designed by KieranTimberlake, Urban Engineers and OLIN replaces Dilworth Plaza, Dilworth Park contains Rosa Blanca Cafe, an outpost of Chef Jose Garces restaurant Rosa Blanca. An ice skating rink is open in the winter, Dilworth Park was built on the original Dilworth Plaza section of Philadelphia City Hall, which was built on the area designated by William Penn as Centre Square. It was a square from the citys founding in 1682 until the construction of City Hall began upon the site in 1871. It was one of the five original squares laid out on the city grid by Penn and it lay at the geographic heart of the city from 1682 until the Act of Consolidation,1854. Despite the two riverfronts [Delaware and Schuylkill, Penns city had a design, focusing on this central plaza. However, the Delaware riverfront would remain the de facto economic, hardly anyone lived west of Fourth Street before 1703. Consequently Penns design of a square as the hub of his community had to be abandoned. The large Friends meeting house which was built in 1685 at the midpoint between the rivers was dismantled in 1702, efforts to develop the Schuylkill waterfront likewise collapsed. Of the merchants, tradesmen, and craftsmen who can be identified as living in Philadelphia around 1690,123 lived on the Delaware side of town and only 6 on the Schuylkill side. One of the latter, a tailor named William Boulding, complained that he had invested most of his capital in his Schuylkill lot, so that he cannot, as others have done, Remove from the same. Nor was Centre Square restored as the heart of Philadelphia until the construction of City Hall began in 1871, Penn Center Richardson Dilworth List of parks in Philadelphia Center City District page about Dilworth Park

32.
West Philadelphia
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West Philadelphia, nicknamed West Philly, is a section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. An alternate definition includes all city land west of the Schuylkill, the eastern side of West Philadelphia is also known as University City. The topography of West Philadelphia is composed of rolling hills rising slowly from the Schuylkill River toward Cobbs Creek in the west and this gradual elevation makes the skyline of Center City visible from many points in West Philadelphia. The Wynnefield neighborhood is a frequently used by photographers and organizers of civic events. According to the 2010 census,216,433 people live among the ZIP codes of 19104,19131,19139,19143 and 19151, since the 1980s, gentrification, immigration, and the Urban Indian relocation movement have brought more racial diversity. Arrivals from East Asia and Latin America, mainly Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, warner was the first known European west of the Schuylkill. In 1840, the property was transformed into a cemetery with an arboretum of over 1,000 trees and it holds the graves of many famous Philadelphians. Satterlee Hospital, one of the largest Union Army hospitals of the Civil War, operated from 1862 to 1865, part of its grounds are now the northern section of Clark Park. West Philadelphia was among the early suburbs, and a portion of it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the West Philadelphia Streetcar Suburb Historic District. The western portion of the neighborhood was home to some of the most expensive real estate in the country. The area has declined in prominence over the last 50 years, thanks in part to increasing crime, West Philadelphia drew national attention in 1978 and 1985 for violent clashes between police and an Afro-centric, back-to-nature group called MOVE. During the latter confrontation, police firebombed the headquarters, killing 11 people and destroying an entire block of Osage Avenue. Many young professionals and families have moved into the area, in 2008, the area around the Please Touch Museum, Philadelphia Zoo, and the Mann Music Center was designated the Centennial District, an area to be revitalized by the countrys 250th birthday in 2026. Most of the houses in West Philadelphia are row houses, although there are areas of semi-detached and detached houses, the earliest developments began in 1850 and the final period of mass construction ended in 1930. Developers found they could increase profits by catering to this group, shrinking lot sizes. Initial development was divided into lots and sold in 1852 with the condition that substantial stone or brick buildings be erected. The houses in this grouping are primarily three-story Italianate buildings, linked by material, decorative detail, located around Chester Avenue, an additional but smaller and less ornate 16 Italianate, brownstone, semi-detached houses, similar in form to the initial houses. The setback of these houses was 25 feet, allowing generous front yards, another development on Locust Street, a project by banker and West Philly resident Clarence Howard Clark, was composed of three-story, two-bay, brick, restrained Queen Anne rowhouses

33.
Building code
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A building code is a set of rules that specify the standards for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. Buildings must conform to the code to obtain planning permission, usually from a local council, the main purpose of building codes is to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The building code becomes law of a jurisdiction when formally enacted by the appropriate governmental or private authority. Codes regulating the design and construction of structures where adopted into law, examples of building codes began in ancient times. In the USA the main codes are the International Commercial or Residential Code, electrical codes and plumbing, fifty states and the District of Columbia have adopted the I-Codes at the state or jurisdictional level. In Canada, national model codes are published by the National Research Council of Canada, the practice of developing, approving, and enforcing building codes varies considerably among nations. In some countries building codes are developed by the government agencies or quasi-governmental standards organizations, such codes are known as the national building codes. In other countries, where the power of regulating construction and fire safety is vested in local authorities, model building codes have no legal status unless adopted or adapted by an authority having jurisdiction. The developers of model codes urge public authorities to reference model codes in their laws, ordinances, regulations, when referenced in any of these legal instruments, a particular model code becomes law. This practice is known as adoption by reference, there are instances when some local jurisdictions choose to develop their own building codes. At some point in all major cities in the United States had their own building codes. However, due to increasing complexity and cost of developing building regulations. For example, in 2008 New York City abandoned its proprietary 1968 New York City Building Code in favor of a version of the International Building Code. The City of Chicago remains the only municipality in America that continues to use a building code the city developed on its own as part of the Municipal Code of Chicago, in Europe, the Eurocode is a pan-European building code that has superseded the older national building codes. Each country now has National Annexes to localize the contents of the Eurocode, similarly, in India, each municipality and urban development authority has its own building code, which is mandatory for all construction within their jurisdiction. All these local building codes are variants of a National Building Code, Building codes have a long history. The earliest known written building code is included in the Code of Hammurabi, the book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible stipulated that parapets must be constructed on all houses to prevent people from falling off. The Laws of the Indies were passed in the 1680s by the Spanish Crown to regulate the urban planning for colonies throughout Spains worldwide imperial possessions, the first systematic national building standard was established with the London Building Act of 1844

34.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
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The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is a US labor law that prohibits unjustified discrimination based on disability. The final version of the bill was signed into law on July 26,1990 and it was later amended in 2008 and signed by President George W. Bush with changes effective as of January 1,2009. ADA disabilities include both mental and physical medical conditions, a condition does not need to be severe or permanent to be a disability. Additionally, other conditions, such as gender identity disorders, are also excluded under the definition of disability. The ADA states that an entity shall not discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability. This applies to job application procedures, hiring, advancement and discharge of employees, job training, and other terms, conditions, covered entities include employers with 15 or more employees, as well as employment agencies, labor organizations, and joint labor-management committees. Prohibited discrimination may include, among other things, firing or refusing to hire someone based on a real or perceived disability, segregation, covered entities are also required to provide reasonable accommodations to job applicants and employees with disabilities. An employee or applicant who currently engages in the use of drugs is not considered qualified when a covered entity takes adverse action based on such use. There are many ways to discriminate against people based on disabilities, anyone known to have a history of mental disorders can be considered disabled. Employers with more than 15 employees must take care to all employees fairly. Even when an employee is doing a job well, she or he is not necessarily no longer disabled. The Court determined that state employees cannot sue their employer for violating ADA rules, state employees can, however, file complaints at the Department of Justice or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, who can sue on their behalf. Title II prohibits disability discrimination by all entities at the local level, e. g. school district, municipal, city, or county. Public entities must comply with Title II regulations by the U. S. Department of Justice and these regulations cover access to all programs and services offered by the entity. Access includes physical access described in the ADA Standards for Accessible Design, Title II applies to public transportation provided by public entities through regulations by the U. S. Department of Transportation. It includes the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, along all other commuter authorities. This section requires the provision of services by public entities that provide fixed route services. ADA also sets minimum requirements for space layout in order to facilitate wheelchair securement on public transport, Title II also applies to all state and local public housing, housing assistance, and housing referrals

35.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common

36.
Occupy Philly
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The protest took place at Thomas Paine Plaza, which is adjacent to Philadelphias City Hall. As of June 2012, Occupy Philadelphia had continued to engage in organized meetings, events, september 29 - The first general assembly occurred at Arch Street Methodist United Church. October 4 - The second general assembly attracted 800-1000 people and occurred at Arch Street Methodist United Church The Occupy Philadelphia web site was launched, October 6 - The first camp out associated with the protest occurred. The occupation began with a march October 8 - Occupy Philadelphia marched to the Liberty Bell, October 15 - Quakers support Occupy Philadelphia. October 20 - Occupy Philadelphia continues, an unofficial count of tents in Dilworth Plaza totaled 304. Protesters were informed about upcoming scheduled renovations for Dilworth Plaza, October 21 - Occupy Philadelphia gathered at the University of Pennsylvania to confront Eric Cantor, the Republican House Majority Leader who has been highly critical of the Occupy movement protests. Cantor decided to cancel his lecture, the incident was called Occupy Eric Cantor. October 23 - Rock band Portugal, the Man play an acoustic set of songs to support the Occupy movement. Fifteen members of Occupy Philadelphia were arrested for blocking traffic near the administration building. October 27 - Occupy Philadelphia encampment reaches 23rd day, remaining one of the most peaceful occupy protests, October 28 - Angela Davis speaks at Occupy Philadelphia following an appearance at the University of Pennsylvania. November 2 - Nine protestors were arrested at the headquarters of cable company Comcast, One protestor said she was protesting Comcast because their headquarters was not blighted like other buildings in the neighborhood. November 4 - One hundred protestors from the Occupy movement marched from Dilworth Plaza to the Rittenhouse hotel to chant, Hey Romney, picture this, mitt Romney managed to side-step the group to attend the fundraiser that was staged on his behalf. The fundraisers price tag was $10,000 per plate, no arrests or injuries were reported. November 8 - Frances Fox Piven gave a speech at Occupy Philadelphia following an appearance at Temple University, November 13 - A 23-year-old female protestor from Atlantic City was allegedly raped by a 50-year-old man from Michigan but who had a Pennsylvania address as well. Also on November 13, Rev. Jesse Jackson makes an unannounced appearance, November 15 - Estimated date of the start of the construction project on Dilworth Plaza. The city wants the occupation to move from the plaza, November 18 -14 arrested at a Wells Fargo sit-in. November 30 - Police evict the protestors from Dilworth Plaza beginning at 1,20 AM,52 people are arrested, urban theorist David Harvey meets with Occupiers at a teach-in at the University of Pennsylvania. April 2012 the 31 Occupy Philadelphia protesters arrested after the eviction of their City Hall encampment were acquitted on all charges, related portals, Brown, Catherine Occupy Philly Takes a Stand Against Corporate Greed

37.
SEPTA Broad Street Line
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It is named for Broad Street, the street under which it runs for almost its entire length. It is one of two rapid transit lines in the SEPTA system overall alongside the Market–Frankford Line. The line and its trains were leased to SEPTA in 1968 after it assumed operation of the city transit systems from the former Philadelphia Transportation Company, Broad Street Line subway cars bear both the SEPTA logo and the seal of the City of Philadelphia to reflect the split ownership-operation arrangement. Service on the half of the Broad Street Line, between City Hall and Olney Avenue, opened on September 1,1928. Service from that point south to Snyder Avenue began on September 18,1938, to close the gaps, the two inner express tracks were laid from Erie to Girard in 1959, and again from Olney to Erie in 1991. From Lombard-South station south to Snyder, the tunnel was constructed differently – only the half of the line was built. The track currently used for trains is actually the northbound express track. The extension to Pattison Station now called AT&T Station in 1973 continued this arrangement, the resulting infrastructure would match the configuration built in the northern half of the line. Provisions for flying junctions exist in the tunnels at three locations, north of Olney station, north of Erie station, and between Tasker-Morris and Snyder stations and these were to connect to planned but never built extensions to the north, northeast, northwest and southwest. The AT&T Station contains a level platform, built to accommodate additional trains for large crowds at sporting events. Seldom used in recent years, these tracks are most often used to rolling stock. Both the City of Philadelphia and SEPTA have studied extending the Broad Street Line along Roosevelt Boulevard, the city governments archives contain a survey report, prepared in 1948, discussing a need for an extension of the Broad Street line from Erie Avenue to the vicinity of Pennypack Circle. Subway car destination signage even included station and terminus names for major streets along Roosevelt Boulevard such as Rhawn Street, an expansion into another part of the City could better use the capacity of the four-track trunk line. This station was destroyed when the facility was demolished in October 1994, ultimately the Northeast Expressway was never built, due to lack of funds, and the subway extension remained a paper concept. On September 10,1999, SEPTA filed a Notice of Intent to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Northeast Extension with the EPA, the estimated cost had ballooned to $3.4 billion. Currently, the Broad Street Line terminates southbound at AT&T Station at Pattison Ave, the HIA recommends making an extension of the Broad Street Line a priority, and recently, the extension has garnered much support. A report in the 1940s proposed an extension of the Locust St. subway to West Philadelphia and this line would have run under one of the streets presently served by the subway-surface system. Presumably, the current subway-surfaces lines would have converted to bus operation