This is a summary of supplements and drugs that I researched and/or tried to help with various symptoms of ASD. Those that had profound positive effect on my autistic son are marked in red. I placed drugs at the end of each section. My current list of supplements is at the end of this post, under the green title. I intend to update the full list and add new sections (hopefully this first post will stay editable). I invite other parents to report their experiences to help others to quickly find a treatment for specific symptoms. I will add other parents recommendations to this list.

Abnormal EEG and seizures (regressive autism is often caused by abnormal EEG activity)

MCT oil (also kills yeast, can cause anger)Vit B6 (causes anger due to MAO)Mg (Epsom salt baths are best)DMG (inhibits conversion of homocysteine to methionine and SAMe, known to cause anger and SIB)Taurine (500mg before bed, helps with sleep, treats mania, better not to discontinue abruptly to avoid seizures)Carnosine (causes anger probably because it inhibits DAO, which breaks down histamine)Vit E (α-tocopherol)SeleniumBacopa (slightly better behaviors)VinpocetineBupleurum ChinenseFrankincense oilVit DTrileptal (reduces SIB, side effect: reduces calcium, that is why I use a small dose of 150mg 2x/day)Lamictal (Na-channel blocker, also reduces presynaptic release of glutamate and facilitates GABA release, increases socialization and speech, but can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome)Valproic Acid (negatively affects cognition)Keppra (beware of 'Keppra rage')Gabapentin (claimed by some MAPS doctors to help with speech and reduce stims)Prednisone (corticosteroid, those who tried it report amazing results including speech for the first time, but cannot be taken long term)

Avoid: Coffeine (coffee, black or green tea), Aspartame, Tyrosine, Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng, Sage, Goldenseal/berberine, Starflower/borage, St. John's Wort, Uva Ursi, Kava Kava, Yohimbe, Colloidal silver, Copper, ADHD drugsCaution: Melatonin may increase or decrease seizure activityCaution: There is a conflicting info on Creatine and seizures. Medical journals write that it actually reduces seizures whereas rare single cases report seizures from it. It is not clear whether seizures while taking Creatine were due to Creatine (high dose?) or exhaustion from exercise (Creatine is a popular supplement among bodybuilders).Caution: Grapefruit juice and niacin may interact with Tegretol (carbamazepine)

Psychosis and mania (schizophrenia is sometimes diagnosed as ASD in young patients):

Fish oil (anti-inflammatory, balances dopamine at D1 and D2 receptors)Arachidonic Acid (low activity of ARA can cause ASD and schizophrenia symptoms; fish oil should be supplemented together with ARA)Glycine & D Serine (full agonists of NMDA receptors, which are low functioning in schizophrenic patients; Glycine and D Serine give comprehensive improvement in SZ symptoms; Glycine is also inhibitory and should be given at night, D Serine may cause seziures while Glycine may reduces them)Sarcosine (can be even more effective than Glycine or D Serine thanks to blocking reuptake of glycine through GlyT1; showed week anti-convulsant properties; DMG is metabolized into Sarcosine)NAC (reduces glutamate, often combined with Sarcosine for greater effect, can increase histamine, which is probably the reason why my son reacted negatively to NAC)B3 + vit C (B3 raises blood sugar)Lithium (ionic, lithium orotate never worked for my son)BCAA (competes for transport across BBB with tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine, reduces KYNA and boosts NMDA activity, reduces mania, but can elevate ammonia, my son didn't respond to BCCA in any way)Choline (phosphatidyl choline, reduces mania)Bupleurum Chinense (D2 blocker)Reserpine (blocks VMAT2 and less VMAT1)Sodium benzoate (food preservative, inhibits DAO, binds and excretes amino acids reducing ammonia levels, may form carcinogen benzene)Risperidone (blocks receptors responsible for schizophrenia symptoms such as D2, inhibits DAO, can cause seizures)Abilify (less side effects than Risperidone)Clozapine (partial antagonist at 5-HT2A, GABAB agonist, induces release of glutamate and D-serine, can cause seizures)

Eating small meals throughout a day at the same times (to avoid low blood sugar levels)EPA-rich fish oil (2-3g, helps to control anger and aggression possibly due to its dopamine and glucose regulation properties)Flaxseed oil (anti-androgen)Manganese (regulates blood sugar, many hypoglycemia patients swear by it)Mg (calming, Epsom salt baths are best, MagMind is also good but I never saw visible effects)Lithium (ionic, lithium orotate never worked for my son)Reishi (anti-androgen, immune balancing, calming)Nicotine patches (calming, reduce SIB, some evidence to help Alzheimer's patients)Tennex (reduces impulsivity but can cause drowsiness)Verapamil (hypertension drug, Calcium channel blocker, stops anger rages and SIB, off-label used for bipolar disorder)Propanolol (another hypertension drug, beta blocker, used to treat anxiety and anger off-label, it improved verbal skills in ASD studies)SSRI's (used commonly for depression but also at low doses for anger management off-label)Riluzole (blocks glutamate transmission and reuptake of GABA, significantly reduced irritability in trials, increases appetite and weight)Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist and potassium-sparing diuretic, reduces inflammation, lowers testosterone and aggression)Low Dose Naltrexone (reduces hyperactivity and SIB, can be taken orally or as cream, affects sleep for the first 2 weeks)Trileptal (reduces SIB, also AED, side effect: reduces calcium, that is why I use a small dose of 150mg 2x/day)Abilify (less side effects than Risperdal)Immune Boosters (GcMAF and Actos are reported by some to reduce meltdowns)

Krill oil (contains EPA and DHA bonded with phospholipids - mostly phosphatidylcholine, so you get both Omega 3 and PC)Choline (CDP Choline or Alpha GPC, increases acetylcholine in the brain, boosts ATP by 14%, much milder effect than Galantamine)Centrophenoxine (a modified version of DMAE for easier passage through BBB; increases acetylcholine; used for Alzheimer’s in Europe; anti-aging;very safe; works very well with racetams as a powerful choline supplement)Phosphatidylserine (no visible effect on cognition, supposed to stabilize cortisol and mood, but we haven't noticed that, causes stims)Uridine (part of RNA; organically produced within liver; also found in beer and breast milk; it is responsible for synthesis of PC; as agonist of P2Y receptors may aid in the process of neurogenesis as well as synaptogenesis, but also may increase sensitivity to pain; reduces depression)Idebenone (synthetic CoQ10, increases NGF and connectivity between left and right cerebral hemispheres, stimulates synthesis of ATP, currently awaiting FDA approval for treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, start with 30mg, makes my son irritable)D Serine (co-agonist of NMDA receptors, enhances cognition in schizophrenia patients, important if DAOA is mutated)D-Cycloserine (a partial agonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors, inhibits KYNA formation, exerts anticonvulsive activities, treats schizophrenia, improves cognition only at 50mg 1x/week)Carnosine (slightly better cognition, but causes anger probably because it inhibits DAO, which breaks down histamine)Creatine (improves cognition and working memory, but can cause irritability and SIB possibly due to hypoglycemia, better form is Kre-Alkalyn, I haven't noticed any behavioral problems from Kre-Alkalyn, only positives)NADH (active form of B3, with vit C recycles glutathione, increases BH4 & ATP in brain, good supplement for MTHFR A1298C mutation)Agmatine (byproduct of the decarboxylation of arginine; It is stored in neurons and is released during neuronal activation; inhibits NMDAR and NAChR; benefits focus, working memory and sense of well-being; may reduce seizure frequency and magnitude; arginine, citrulline, yohimbine, D-aspartic acid and creatine may hinder agmatine absorption or effectiveness)Gastrodin (extract from the exotic orchid Gastrodia elata; inhibits PKR/eIF2α; activates protein formation which results in new neuron growth and improved memory; protects from amyloid β in Alzheimer's patients; increases blood flow; increases GABA by decreasing levels of GABA-breakdown enzymes; reduces anxiety; animals given gastrodin had significantly smaller areas of brain damage and swelling from stroke; reduces seizures)Biotin (in high doses of 300mg enhances myelin production and reduces axonal hypoxia through enhanced energy production, used by Multiple Sclerosis patients)L-Theanine (can cause mood swings, often combined with Caffeine)Iron (iron deficiency can cause ADHD)Pycnogenol (no visible effect)Bacopa (improves working memory, brain circulation, often combined with Panax Ginseng and Rhodiola Rosea, improved my son's behaviors slightly)Vinpocetine (promotes blood circulation, anti-seizure, no visible effect)Gingko Biloba (promotes blood circulation, improves working memory, but may cause seizures)Chinese Skullcap (liver toxicity? can cause behaviors as DA re-uptake inhibitor)Lion's Mane mushrooms (anti-oxidant, regenerates nerves)HBOT (can cause seizures if EEG is abnormal - start AED first, can also cause yeast overgrowth - take Ampho B)Leucovorin Calcium (folinic acid, increases hyperactivity, causes anger)Noopept (derivative of Pircetam but 1000x stronger; considered to be the strongest nootropic; thought to work by increasing NGF and BDNF; can be used long term without increasing tolerance)Piracetam (cyclic derivative of GABA, improves brain communication by boosting the efficacy of ACh transmitters, helped my son with speech, studied in autistic children)Galantamine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, start with 1mg am, effect lasts 2-4 weeks, then either increase dose or cycle On/OFF, may increase seizures in rare cases)Huperzine A (another acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, also blocks NMDA, which helps to prevent NMDA-induced seizures)Namenda (NMDA receptor blocker, a 'better magnesium', helped with socialization, but led to higher irritability)Vayarin (Phosphatidylserine conjugated with Omega 3 EPA and some DHA, it didn't help my son, but some parents report improvements)ADHD stimulant drugs Ritalin, Focalin, Adderall, Vyvanse (based on meth and can cause addiction, Schedule II, may cause tics, reduce appetite, carry FDA warning of possibly triggering schizophrenia in predisposed patients due to their dopamine reuptake inhibition)Modafinil/Provigil (weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, studied on children, classified as a schedule IV drug due to its lower addiction potential than other ADHD drugs, may increase anxiety, may lead to psychosis due to being a partial agonist of D2 receptors, but overall is much safer than other ADHD drugs)

Avoid: Tryptophan. Kynurenic acid is a byproduct of tryptophan conversion to NAD+. Kynurenic acid is an antagonist at ionotropic AMPA and NMDA receptors, a noncompetitive antagonist at the glycine site of NMDA receptors, and an antagonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. All these actions reduce memory and cognition.

ATP boosters for mental and physical energy (the stuff that really WORKS for language and cognition):

D-RiboseCreatineNADHCoQ10Panax GinsengEncephabol / Pyritinol (two B6 molecules bonded together, used in Europe to make autistic kids talk and improve cognition, may cause extreme hyperactivity in the first 2 weeks, may cause seizures

ProbioticsCandidase or Candex enzymes (Cellulase and Protease, can cause stomach pain, takes about 4-6 weeks to see results, I never saw anything)Biotin (never saw any effect)MCT Oil/Caprylic AcidGrapefruit Seed Extract/GSE or GFSE (Nutribiotic drops,contains phenols, slows down liver metabolism, use only for 1 week)Berberine/Goldenseal (sensitizes neurons to glutamate, inhibits MAO-A, don't use longer than 2 weeks, my son is more aware on it, but eventually develops irritability)Garlic (sometimes is added to antifungal enzymes)Uva Ursi (can cause seizures and serious liver damage)Nystatin (broad spectrum but weak, safe)Amphotericin B (my favorite, broad spectrum, very effective and safe if used orally, sold only through compounding pharmacies)Diflucan/Fluconazole (because this drug doesn't kill all yeasts and is toxic to liver, only use it if you detected a yeast that this drug kills)Ketoconazole (very effective against many yeasts, a 'big gun', toxic to liver)

GarlicEchinacea (often combined with Goldenseal)Berberine/Goldenseal (sensitizes neurons to glutamate, may reduce seizure threshold, inhibits MAO-A, don't use longer than 2 weeks, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0107129, my son is more aware on it, but eventually develops irritability)Turmeric/CurcuminOil of OreganoFlagyl/Metronidazole (most popular add-on of anti-fungal protocols)Vancomycin (popular add-on of anti-fungal protocols)Alinia (antibiotic and anti-parasite)

Avoid: Colloidal silver. Silver doesn't belong in the body and cannot be excreted, leading to its accumulation and argyria disease.

Avoid: Fish with low selenium relative to mercury such as pilot whale, shark, tilefish, shellfish (particularly mussels and scallops), king mackerel, marlin and swordfish.Avoid: Eating liver and kidney of animals, rice (there was a study showing that those on GF diet tend to consume more rice products, which are rich in lead and arsenic, causing more harm than gluten), oily seeds, cocoa powder (high lead), raw tea (high lead, ready to drink teas have less lead), dried seaweed (one of the most contaminated foods), dried leaf vegetables or dried mushrooms or dried edible plants or dried herbs (high lead).Caution: Dietary supplements including herbal extracts have the highest amount of lead, cadmium and arsenic measured in mg/kg (or ppm) among all foods. My advise is to be very selective. See "Food Safety – Heavy Metals in Foodstuffs" reports from USDA.

Non-verbal, delays in expressive and receptive language

iPad (flashcards and other speech programs)Listening therapies (Tomatis, ILS, etc)GFCF diet and removal of allergens (even though my son is allergic to milk according to blood test, GFCF didn't help, neither did antihistamines)Krill Oil (contains EPA and DHA bonded with phospholipids - mostly phosphatidylcholine, so you get both Omega 3 and PC)SPEAK = 725mg EPA + 275mg DHA + 200mg gamma tocopherol + 500IU d-alpha tocopherol + 60mg GLA + 800IU D3 + 1mg K1 + 150mcg K2MB12 shots (we had no luck with MB12 or Hydroxy B12 but most other parents report good results)B6 + Mg (the most commonly given combo to ASD kids around the globe, B6 can cause higher irritability in presence of MAO mutation)Encephabol / Pyritinol (modified version of B6, improves absorption of glucose and cerebral perfusion, may increase hyperactivity, prescribed in some European countries for language development)DMG (was the very first supplement we tried, it helped my son to start communicating with us through touch, but also caused head banging, which stayed for years even after discontinuation of DMG)TMG (TMG activates BHMT pathway of converting homocysteine into methionine and SAMe whereas DMG inhibits BHMT, hard to say if it did anything)Acetyl-L-Carnitine (didn't do anything for my son but supposed to help with receptive language)Carnosine (zero effect on my son except higher irritability due to DAO inhibition and higher histamine)Quercetin (my son is doing great on it, more present, more social, speaks more, happier)Creatine (adding it on my own due to impressive results https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20159424, better form is Kre-Alkalyn)Rhodiola Rosea (second most popular adaptogen after panax ginseng, reduces fatigue, increases serotonin and improves mood, reduces corticosteroids, increases focus and language by boosting dopamine, better if cycled 4 weeks on/2 weeks off)CytofloraAntifungal therapy (antifungal + antibiotic, commony used by MAPS doctors, but, in my opinion, it is ineffective)Piracetam (cyclic derivative of GABA, AMPA agonist, helped my son with speech, studied in autistic children)Sunifiram (AMPA agonist; 1000x more potent than Piracetam; often compared to Noopept: Sunifiram is better as a memory booster while Noopept is better at increasing focus and alertness; Sunifiram especially effective in linguistic processing and verbal communication)Prednisolone (steroid, first treatment of choice of LKS and associated developmental and language regression)Anti-seizure meds (Lamictal, Trileptal, Keppra, Valproic Acid)BH4 (for those with MTHFR A1298C mutation which affects production of dopamine and serotonin; I never tried; sold as very expensive drug Kuvan)Chelation (controversial)

Fo2 fab list... I think it's be good to have something around Antivirals especially Valtrex which was life saviour for us still can't do without! And a list for immune regulation like GcMaf and Biobran!

I came on here to get some feedback on Verapamil, did it work at all for you? My son currently takes Lamictal and Buspar to try to control aggressive outbursts/SIBs, and they are working somewhat, but we still have some issues.

ellenjofishel wrote:I came on here to get some feedback on Verapamil, did it work at all for you? My son currently takes Lamictal and Buspar to try to control aggressive outbursts/SIBs, and they are working somewhat, but we still have some issues.

That is where I heard of Verapamil first. I haven't tried it on my son yet because his aggression is under control, mostly thanks to Trileptal. Spironalactone is also reported to reduce testosterone and aggression. I am keeping it on my list for the time when my son starts going through puberty.

FatherOf2, thank you very much for this list -very insightful.I've been giving high does of Zn and B6 to 6y old ds with MAO A ++ (high dopamine test results) and seeing some really high upticks in irritability, tantrums and anger. Your post was timely.

ellenjofishel wrote:I came on here to get some feedback on Verapamil, did it work at all for you? My son currently takes Lamictal and Buspar to try to control aggressive outbursts/SIBs, and they are working somewhat, but we still have some issues.

That is where I heard of Verapamil first. I haven't tried it on my son yet because his aggression is under control, mostly thanks to Trileptal. Spironalactone is also reported to reduce testosterone and aggression. I am keeping it on my list for the time when my son starts going through puberty.

Hi fo2, many thanks for the super useful post. We are starting HBOT 1.3 ata 4 weeks ago, 1 hr per day and 5 days a week. in the 20 hrs hbot i didn't see any positive from my son(5.5 yr), but hyper, glue ear(both of us) and yeast problem. I see your son has big progress by using hbot and may i ask which protocol did you use and how long have you notice the progress? Thanks in advance

i-jerry wrote:Hi fo2, many thanks for the super useful post. We are starting HBOT 1.3 ata 4 weeks ago, 1 hr per day and 5 days a week. in the 20 hrs hbot i didn't see any positive from my son(5.5 yr), but hyper, glue ear(both of us) and yeast problem. I see your son has big progress by using hbot and may i ask which protocol did you use and how long have you notice the progress? Thanks in advance

We used 1.5 ata 100% oxygen inside the whole chamber (no oxygen mask needed, the whole body breathes oxygen). The chamber was made by Sechrist. We supplemented with Amphotericin B starting the second week. We saw intermittent gains during the first 15 dives, then behaviors got worse (dives 15-25) due to yeast, then steady gains on dives 25-40. Another waves of gains came 2 months after stopping HBOT. Some people don't see gains during HBOT but see them 2-3 weeks after stopping HBOT. It has something to do with the body reacting to stopping the oxygen as an injury and mobilizing stem cells to repair. These stem cells start growing blood vessels to continue the elevated oxygen supply to all parts of the body (muscles, brain, etc). That is why HBOT is used by athletes to repair their muscle injuries, or diabetes patients to grow blood vessels into affected areas such as legs (FDA approved HBOT for this purpose). Some people don't see any changes depending on the ASD cause. In my son's case, HBOT helped probably because my son's autism is caused by a lack of oxygen supply into brain (he had low RBC, he had a bruise on his head from the c-section delivery, he fell at age 1.5 with blood coming out his ears). I have read other parents who claim that their child's autism was caused by head bruising during delivery (there is a medical term for it - Cephalohaematoma). There is another boy in my son's school, who is also autistic and has exactly the same traits as my son (hand flapping, sensitivity to noise - closing his ears, anxiety, limited interests and OCD - likes to read labels, pale and thin, etc). His autism was caused by complications at birth, which required to surgically remove one of his lungs, which caused poor blood circulation through the body. There is autism among horses believe it or not (isolation, poor feeding, etc). Veterinarians connect it to oxygen starvation during gestation or birth. Among humans, the reasons for autism are many. So, not everyone will be helped by HBOT.

Newborn Horses Give Clues to Autismhttps://www.ucdavis.edu/news/newborn-horses-give-clues-autism/"In newborn foals, the disorder known as neonatal maladjustment syndrome or dummy foal syndrome occurs in only 3 to 5 percent of live births... For years, the syndrome has been attributed to hypoxia — insufficient oxygen during the birthing process. Typically, when a foal’s brain is deprived of oxygen, the resulting effects include mental deficits, abnormal behavior, blindness and even seizures. And, as in human babies, much of the damage is serious and permanent"

- if not treated with HBOT [Fo2]. A parent on one of the boards shared a story of a girl in Romania who suffered hypoxia during birth and was born blind with other developmental problems. After the first HBOT round, she began to see. The parents were so excited that ended up doing 3 rounds of dives, seeing positive results from each one of them.

i-jerry wrote:Hi fo2, many thanks for the super useful post. We are starting HBOT 1.3 ata 4 weeks ago, 1 hr per day and 5 days a week. in the 20 hrs hbot i didn't see any positive from my son(5.5 yr), but hyper, glue ear(both of us) and yeast problem. I see your son has big progress by using hbot and may i ask which protocol did you use and how long have you notice the progress? Thanks in advance

We used 1.5 ata 100% oxygen inside the whole chamber (no oxygen mask needed, the whole body breathes oxygen). The chamber was made by Sechrist. We supplemented with Amphotericin B starting the second week. We saw intermittent gains during the first 15 dives, then behaviors got worse (dives 15-25) due to yeast, then steady gains on dives 25-40. Another waves of gains came 2 months after stopping HBOT. Some people don't see gains during HBOT but see them 2-3 weeks after stopping HBOT. It has something to do with the body reacting to stopping the oxygen as an injury and mobilizing stem cells to repair. These stem cells start growing blood vessels to continue the elevated oxygen supply to all parts of the body (muscles, brain, etc). That is why HBOT is used by athletes to repair their muscle injuries, or diabetes patients to grow blood vessels into affected areas such as legs (FDA approved HBOT for this purpose). Some people don't see any changes depending on the ASD cause. In my son's case, HBOT helped probably because my son's autism is caused by a lack of oxygen supply into brain (he had low RBC, he had a bruise on his head from the c-section delivery, he fell at age 1.5 with blood coming out his ears). I have read other parents who claim that their child's autism was caused by head bruising during delivery (there is a medical term for it - Cephalohaematoma). There is another boy in my son's school, who is also autistic and has exactly the same traits as my son (hand flapping, sensitivity to noise - closing his ears, anxiety, limited interests and OCD - likes to read labels, pale and thin, etc). His autism was caused by complications at birth, which required to surgically remove one of his lungs, which caused poor blood circulation through the body. There is autism among horses believe it or not (isolation, poor feeding, etc). Veterinarians connect it to oxygen starvation during gestation or birth. Among humans, the reasons for autism are many. So, not everyone will be helped by HBOT.

Hi fo2, many thanks for your reply. I have much better understanding on HBOT now. We are hoping hbot could reduce his inflammation in his brain. I will definitely keep doing it and see the result after 40 sessions. I could feel he talks more when we are doing hbot and hyper( jumping,running with flapping hand once we finish). But he could sit down and play his lego or write math practise book with me within 1 hr or even longer. maybe this is the most positive thing after doing hbot.May i ask do you know does HBOT brings language to some kids? My son's biggest issue is language. We are using different languages at home and school. He understands both languages but talks more at home with very limited topic (and always relate with numbers). He will stop a topic when i ask him something new and becomes angry. We are expecting more language from him with hbot. many thanks, Jerry

luis wrote:Fantastic post, Fo2 ! Thank you very much for you effort. I'll try to do my son's list, but it will take some time.

Can you answer me if "DA" means dopamine in your post ? (Sorry for the dumb question.)

Yes, DA means dopamine. I have noticed that some supplements increase irritability and aggression in my son. I correlated their action to MAO inhibition, which results in higher levels of neurotransmitters. My son already has deficiency in MAO enzyme due to his 'warrior gene'. On top of that, he has increased VMAT1 expression due to a homozygous mutation in SLC18A1, which also increases monoamine neurotransmitters and makes him more likely to develop schizophrenia. That is why I am keeping him away from dopamine, which is a known trigger of schizophrenia, mania and psychosis. It has been very hard to find supplements that work on my son without making him more irritable and aggressive. I haven't tried all things on my list. The list was intended to include all supplements and drugs that are commonly used to treat the mentioned symptoms - sort of cheat sheet or collective wisdom sheet. It will grow over time as I add more things to it based on articles and posts I have read.

luis wrote:Fo2, may I ask how old is you son ? Mine is 16 and his anger (even aggression) issues started with puberty.

I could suggest Ionic Lithium, liquid, from New Beginnings Nutrition. Its absorption is much more great than any lithium in capsules. Also, lithium is necessary for B12 absorption.

He is 8. Aggression and SIB started around 2.5, after we gave DMG. He started banging his head on the floor and tantruming the first day we gave DMG, never tantrumed or self injured before that. He was severe at that time, nonverbal. Now aggression manifests in hitting us or teachers if he doesn't want to do something. But he is verbal now and understands that this is a wrong thing to do. I can discuss it with him and he promises never to do it again. We do ABA a lot. Aggression typically happens a day or two after he eats a lot of candies (probably blood sugar drops after being used to high sugar load) or when we introduce a new supplement, which affects his blood sugar level or neurotransmitters. Thanks for the lithium advice.