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CATHETER DESCRIPTION
The High-Density Mapping Catheter is designed to facilitate electrophysiological mapping of the heart. It is deployed in a heart chamber through an 8F guiding sheath, such as the Guiding Sheath. This deflectable catheter consists of multiple 3F spines on its distal tip, each spine having multiple platinum electrodes that are used for stimulation and recording. Pushing forward on the catheter thumbknob deflects the tip; pulling back on the thumbknob straightens the tip. This device includes an irrigation lumen for connetion to a source of continuous drip anticoagulant fluid.

INDICATIONS FOR USE
The High-Density Mapping Catheter is indicated for multiple electrode electrophysiological mapping of cardiac structures in the heart, i.e., recording or stimulation only. This catheter is intended to obtain electrograms in the atrial and ventricular regions of the heart.

English to Spanish: Financing and Monitoring Political Parties in Mexico: Strengths and WeaknessesDetailed field: Government / Politics

Source text - EnglishBACKGROUND
In 1977, the Mexican Constitution was amended to define the requirements for political parties to be registered as public interest entities (“entidades de interés público”).3 This change was the foundation upon which future laws would grant the parties rights and obligations as well as specific means of support, including indirect public funds, for electoral campaigns.4 Nonetheless, it was not until 1987 that the law provided public funding for political parties. The law mandated distribution of public funds according to the number of votes received during the previous federal election and the number of seats obtained per party in the Chamber of Deputies, using a formula that was based on the “minimum cost of a campaign for a member of the Chamber of Deputies.”5
While preserving the dual criteria (proportional to the number of votes and seats), the 1990 constitutional and legal reform broadened the concept of public funding to include: (a) electoral activities; and (b) general and specific activities as entities of public interest. Prior to 1993, no legal rules or penalties existed regarding private funding, spending limits for electoral campaigns, or information, supervision or monitoring mechanisms of the political parties’ incomes and expenses. The 1993 constitutional and legal reform established provisions regulating both direct public funding and private funding for political parties. The reform prohibited funding from the federal government, states, or municipalities. In addition,
contributions from public entities, foreigners, churches, and mercantile corporations were also forbidden. It was determined that private contributions would not be tax deductible
and that political parties should report their
incomes and expenses. Anonymous contributions were allowed for amounts no higher than 10% of the contributions received through public funding. Limits were set for individual contributions and for contributions from business corporations, at 1% and 5% respectively, of the total amount of public funding granted to all political parties. Legal rules were set to define spending limits, with the authority granted to the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) to determine these limits and to the Federal Electoral Tribunal to impose penalties.

After receiving my philosophy degree cum laude on 1980 in the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), at the faculty for Philosophy and Literature with a final work on language philosophy, I studied linguistics at the Munich University, Germany, at the Institute for German as a Foreign Language, under the direction of Dr. Harald Weinrich.

Also in Munich, Germany, I received the degree Staatlich-Geprüfter Übersetzer (state approved translator) given by the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, in the language combination Spanish-German and German-Spanish, on the field of humanities (1989).

In Mexico City I studied a master in business administration at the Universidad Iberoamericana in 1997.

In 2010, the publishing house Fondo de Cultura Económica, the most important publishing house in Latin America, published my translation of Die Frankfurter Schule (The Francfort School), the most complete review of the German philosophical school that was conducted by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. Cf. note on this book by the Argentinian newspaper "La Nación".

In many occasions I have worked as a simultaneous interpreter in cultural and business events, interpreting on the microphone from the German, English and Spanish languages.

Teaching activities

- From January 1980 to October 1981 I had the position of a German language teacher at the Centro de Enseñanza de Lenguas Extranjeras (CELE, Foreign Languages Teaching Center), at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.

- From 11/1/85 to 7/31/89 (eight semesters) I was Spanish language Lecturer at the Romanic Languages Institute at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Germany, on charge of the Spanish translation and language courses, as well as Hispanic culture.

Publishing and advertising activities

- From 1994 to 2001 I was in charge of the translation and proofreading tasks of the magazine "Cooperación" at the German-Mexican Chamber of Commerce and Trade (CAMEXA), in Mexico City.

- From 2004 to 2009 I was in charge of the proofreading of the magazine "Alemania y México" (Germany and Mexico), published every two months in Mexico City.

Activities in the German-Mexican entrepreneurial field

- From 1991 to 2007 I worked as a external advisor for the Economy and Press Department at the German-Mexican Chamber of Commerce and Trade (CAMEXA), on charge of translations and public relations with the press.

As a result of my training and my work in the Spanish and German cultural fields, as well as in the field of the human sciences and of the trade companies and business, I know both worlds equally well. That’s why I can offer a wide experience in the information transmission form one language into the other.

Looking forward to collaborate with you in your translation projects, and with kind regards from Mexico

Marcos Romano
E-Mail: mromano10@gmail.com

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