Jonas Goodstart has been a patient at Happy Valley Community Hospital for 5 days. During his stay in the hospital, he was taken to the diagnostic imaging department several times for diagnostic imaging procedures. He was cared for each time he went to that department by a radiographer who had a severe upper respiratory infection. Two days after he returned home from the hospital, he also developed a severe upper respiratory infection. It would be appropriate to say that Mr. Goodstart had developed:

Mary Mandura, an 82-year-old white female, has been hospitalized for several weeks as a result of multiple injuries suffered in an automobile accident. She has been treated with a series of broad-spectrum antibiotics to discourage infection. Ms.Mandura now has severe diarrhea, and the stool culture has produced Clostridium difﬁcile. This would be called:

There is currently less reason to be concerned about contracting HIV because there is improved treatment and the disease is no longer fatal.

False

9

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are bloodborne viral infections. When you are caring for persons known to have either of these diseases, use the following infection control techniques:

A) Wear gloves if you may come in contact with blood or body substances.
B) Wear goggles if there is a possibility of your being splashed with blood or body substances.
C) Wear a particulate mask at all times.
D) Wear a waterproof gown or apron if there is a possibility that your clothing may be splashed by blood or body substances.
E) A and B are correct.

E) A and B are correct.

10

Explain the difference between Tier 1 and Tier 2 infection control precautions.

Tier 1 - Standard precautions to prevent spread of infection are used daily for all persons cared for in all health care set-tings.

Tier 2 - transmission-based precautions, infectious diseases require radiographers and all health care workers to take additional precautions, as well as standard precautions to prevent infection of other health care workers, patients, other persons in the health care setting, and oneself. These precautions are designed to place a barrier to the spread of highly infectious diseases between persons with such diseases and the persons caring for them.

11

True or False?

A person who has recently been infected with HIV may have no symptoms of disease but is able to transmit HIV to another person.

True

12

True or False?

HIV, or the disease that it produces, is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected blood or body substances.

True

13

Conducts multicenter studies on diseases and publishes a weekly out-line on the statistics of infectious diseases in the United States

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service

B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

14

Receives data concerning infectious disease from all countries and compiles a report for every country

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service

C) World Health Organization

15

Regulates the manufacture and sale of medications to protect health of U.S. citizens

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service

A) Food and Drug Administration

16

Sets requirements for hospital safety and infection control practices

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service

D) The Joint Commission

17

Controls disposal of medical waste

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) The Joint Commission
E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service

E) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Service

18

The radiographer should always dress for the work-place with infection control in mind. This means that:

A) Clothing must be washable; ﬁngernails must be kept short; shoes must be comfortable and have closed toes; and no jewelry is worn except a wristwatch and a wedding band.
B) The radiographer must look unattractive because anything that looks good spreads infection.
C) A scrub suit must be worn at all times.
D) The rules are to be followed when JCAHO is inspecting the institution in which you work.

A) Clothing must be washable; ﬁngernails must be kept short; shoes must be comfortable and have closed toes; and no jewelry is worn except a wristwatch and a wedding band

19

Microorganisms that need a host cell to reproduce and are virtually unresponsive to antimicrobial drugs are:

A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Protozoa
D) Viruses

D) Viruses

20

True or False?

When a person is in the incubation period of the disease process, the radiographer has no control over its transmission.

False

21

The radiographer must use strict infection control measures that include blood and body substance precautions for:

A) Every patient who enters the diagnostic imaging department
B) Patients who have known communicable diseases
C) Only patients who have AIDS and hepatitis B
D) Patients who seem ill

A) Every patient who enters the diagnostic imaging department

22

Blood and body substance precautions include:

A) Use of clean, disposable gloves for sick person
B) Use of clean, disposable gloves for contact of the hands with blood or body ﬂuids, a mask and goggles if blood or body ﬂuids may spray on your face, and a gown if the blood and body ﬂuids may touch your clothing for any patient care that may involve contact with blood or body ﬂuids
C) Clean, disposable gloves as necessary
D) Gown, gloves, mask, and goggles for all patient care

B) Use of clean, disposable gloves for contact of the hands with blood or body ﬂuids, a mask and goggles if blood or body ﬂuids may spray on your face, and a gown if the blood and body ﬂuids may touch your clothing for any patient care that may involve contact with blood or body ﬂuids

The elements needed to produce an infection are a source, a host, and a means of transmission. An example of a source of infection might be:

A) A radiography student who has a cold and comes to work
B) A visitor in the hospital who has a “feverblister” on her mouth
C) A patient who develops pneumonia
D) A, B, and C

D) A, B, and C

25

A safety precaution that must be taken when disposing of used hypodermic needles and syringesis:

A) To place tie needles in tie waste basket as soon as possible
B) To recap the needle and dispose of it quickly
C) To place the syringe immediately after use with the uncapped needle attached directly into the contaminated waste receptacle provided
D) To detach the needle from the syringe and place only the needle in the contaminated waste receptacle

C) To place the syringe immediately after use with the uncapped needle attached directly into the contaminated waste receptacle provided

26

Touching objects that have been contaminated with disease-producing microbes

When caring for a patient whom you know to be infected with HIV and who does not have AIDS, you use standard blood and body ﬂuid precautions and:

A) Share the information with the technologist in the next room who has no contact with the patient
B) Keep all information concerning the patient conﬁdential
C) Keep the patient’s chart in a place where it cannot be read by others
D) B and C are correct

D) B and C are correct

32

True or False?

The radiographer who has received a needle-stick injury is obliged to notify his supervisor at the end of the work day.

False

33

Hand hygiene is to be used in the following situations by radiographers in the workplace:

A) Before caring for a patient
B) After caring for a patient
C) When preparing for invasive procedures
D) A and C are correct
E) A, B, and C are correct

E) A, B, and C are correct

34

True or False?

If it is not possible to ﬁnd a sink to wash hands, it is safe to use alcohol-based hand rubs.