The appearance of hyperlinks does not
constitute endorsement by the U.S. Air Force of this web site or the
information, products, or services contained therein. For other than authorized
activities such as military exchanges and morale, welfare and recreation sites,
the U.S. Air Force does not exercise any editorial control over the information
you may find at these locations. Such links are provided consistent with the
stated purpose of this DoD web site.

Some materials listed below require access to
subscription databases. If you cannot gain access, contact your local library
for availability. AU students and faculty can contact the Center's Web
Maintainer for a password.

The Space Review: Essays and Commentary about the Final Frontier.
Available online at: http://www.thespacereview.com/Devoted to articles, commentary, and reviews regarding all aspects of space exploration: science, technology, policy, business, and more.

SpaceToday.net: Space News from Around the Web.
Available online at: http://www.spacetoday.net/Provides links to space news articles from throughout the web, on topics ranging from astronomy and space science to technology to policy and legislation. Also provides one-paragraph summaries of current space news.

Spaceflight Now: Worldwide Launch Schedule.
Available online at: http://spaceflightnow.com/tracking/index.htmlA regularly updated listing of planned missions from spaceports around the globe. Dates and times are given in Greenwich Mean Time.

Cooney, William T. Protecting Critical Space Systems: A National Security Issue. Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2002. (unpaged)
Examines such questions as: what is the 'real' impact of commercial space on the U.S. economy and military capability? How would loss of commercial space capabilities impact U.S. war fighting capability? What constitutes an attack on a commercial space system? How do we detect and deter an attack?
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA405817Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 C7752p

Hoffman, Everett Scott. The Commercial Space Segment and the Need for Control. Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2002. 22 p.
It is vital that the United States maintain a position of information superiority across the spectrum of military operations. The access to commercial satellite systems will be a critical but challenging element of that advantage.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA405648 Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 H699c

Caceres, Marco. Launch Market Takes a Wrong Turn.Aerospace America 43:12-13 February 2005.Fewer than 60 launch missions were attempted in 2004. Part of the problem continues to be a relative lack of commercial satellites available for launch.

Caceres, Marco. Uptick in GEO Commercial Satellite Orders.Aerospace America 44:20-22 May 2006.217 commercial satellites were launched (or had attempted launches) worldwide during 1996-2005. Authors forecast that approximately 176 will be built and launched during 2006-2015. A graph illustrates these statistics.

Dietrich, George B. and Goldstein, William C. Collective Trusteeship for Near Space: The Case for UNNESA.Space Policy 14:9-14 February 1998.Examines the need to determine what source of legal authority will govern commercial activities in space development activity.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=887833

Hancock, Randy. Provisions of the Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA).Space Policy 21:227-229 August 2005.The CSLA was enacted to assist the development of commercial, including passenger-carrying, launch vehicles.

Morring, Frank Jr. Moon-Bound, Again.Aviation Week & Space Technology 163:22-24 September 26, 2005.Continued strong US leadership in human spaceflight is the stated goal of NASA's tightly focused new plan for lunar exploration. The plan also includes seed money for a complete new commercial space industry.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=904067941&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Searfoss, Richard. Commercial Space: Is NASA All Talk and No Action?Ad Astra 18:28-29 Spring 2006.NASA has begun to see the promise of working with small, pay-for-performance outfits to further space exploration.

Smith, Patricia Grace. Commercial Human Space Flight.Vital Speeches of the Day 71:756-759 October 1, 2005.According to Smith, there are three big questions surrounding commercial human space flight
: 1) Do policy makers in the US take it seriously? 2) Is there a market? 3) How will commercial human space flight affect commercial space transportation?
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=940794801&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Gleason, Donald L. Geopolitical Aspects of Weaponizing Space. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2002. 31 p.
As the United States political and military leaders explore weaponizing space, many questions arise. What is the threat to space-based assets? What are the options to counter those threats? The author examines diplomacy as an alternate option.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA400790Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 G554g

Ito, Atsuyo. Issues in the Implementation of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters.Space Policy 21:141-149 May 2005.The 2000 Disaster Charter is an extensive international cooperative effort among space agencies to provide space-based assets to communities worldwide that are affected by disasters.

Johnson-Freese, Joan. Space Wei Qi: The Launch of Shenzhou V.Naval War College Review 57:121-145 Spring 2004.Argues that the US can continue to exclude China from cooperative space efforts, commence a new manned-space-flight race, or initiate an incremental program of space cooperation including the Chinese.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=649155471&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Larson, George C. Leroy's Launch.Air & Space Smithsonian 20:40+ June-July 2005.Reports on the launch of US astronaut Leroy Chiao with cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov to bring Expedition 10 to the International Space Station on board Russia's Soyuz space vehicle in October 2004.

Macaulay, Molly K. Is the Vision of the Earth Observation Summit Realizable?Space Policy 21:29-39 February 2005.

Mathews, Neelam and others. Easing Exports.Aviation Week & Space Technology 164:26-27 March 13, 2006.India's nascent commercial space-launch industry could get a boost under new bilateral agreements that should clear US export-control roadblocks for spacecraft and their components. The State Dept has cleared two US instruments to fly on the Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter next year, and India has agreed to share the data from its own instruments on the orbiter with US scientists.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1004244471&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Riess, Cornelia. A New Setting for International Space Cooperation?Space Policy 21:49-53 February 2005.

Sadeh, Eligar. Technical, Organizational and Political Dynamics of the International Space Station Program.Space Policy 20:171-188 August 2004.Analyzes the dynamics of cooperation on the International Space Station (ISS) program from its inception in 1981 to the final Framework Agreements for cooperation concluded in 1998.

Sarkissian, John M. Return to the Moon: A Sustainable Strategy.Space Policy 22:118-127 May 2006.Explores how the President's space initiative can be realized on an international co-operative basis along similar lines to those already existing with the international space station.

Wortzel, Larry M. The Rules of Engagement: The Russia Model.Ad Astra
17: 24-25 Spring 2005.China has embarked on an ambitious program to compete with the US in both the civil and military aspects of space exploration. Concerns about China's military intentions have led many Americans to question whether the US should cooperate with China on civil space programs.

Zaborsky, Victor. Missile Proliferation Risks of International Space Cooperation.World Affairs 165:185-196 Spring 2003.
Examines the co-relation of civilian and military space programs, as well as
missile proliferation risks that accompany transfers of sensitive rocket
technologies. Zaborsky discusses the programs of four countries that have already achieved some success in building orbital launch vehicles: China, India, Brazil and Japan.

Zhao, Yun. The 2002 Space Cooperation Protocol Between China and Brazil: An Excellent Example of South-South Cooperation.Space Policy 21:213-219 August 2005.China and Brazil have been cooperating in space since 1986 and, after 15 years of successful joint work, the two sides agreed on a 2002 Protocol, providing a more concrete framework for further cooperation.

Braun, Frank. Reviving a Nation's Space Dreams.Ad Astra 17:28-42 Winter 2005.Looks at the efforts of Brazil to restart its space program after a catastrophic explosion of its Veiculo Lancador de Satelites rocket in August 2003, and the purpose of
its space cooperation agreements with Russia and Ukraine.

Zaborsky, Victor. Missile Proliferation Risks of International Space Cooperation.World Affairs 165:185-196 Spring 2003.
Examines the co-relation of civilian and military space programs, as well as
missile proliferation risks that accompany transfers of sensitive rocket
technologies. Zaborsky discusses the programs of four countries that have already achieved some success in building orbital launch vehicles: China, India, Brazil and Japan.

Zhao, Yun. The 2002 Space Cooperation Protocol Between China and Brazil: An Excellent Example of South-South Cooperation.Space Policy 21:213-219 August 2005.China and Brazil have been cooperating in space since 1986 and, after 15 years of successful joint work, the two sides agreed on a 2002 Protocol, providing a more concrete framework for further cooperation.

Mowthorpe, Matthew. The Militarization and Weaponization of Space. Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2004. 251 p.
Analyzes the military space policies of the United States, the Soviet Union/Russia, and the People's Republic of China from the Cold War period to the present day. Book call no.: 358.8 M936m

Johnson-Freese, Joan. "Houston, We Have a Problem": China and the Race to Space.Current History 102:259-265 September 2003.Some observers see China's race to space as a way to earn prestige and recapture its lost legacy of technological mastery and innovation. Another possible reason is the Chinese may be drawing attention from their military space activities, which will clearly benefit from the dual-use nature of the technology being developed.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=412009081&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Johnson-Freese, Joan. Space Wei Qi: The Launch of Shenzhou V.Naval War College Review 57:121-145 Spring 2004.Argues that the US can continue to exclude China from cooperative space efforts, commerce a new manned-space-flight race, or initiate an incremental program of space cooperation including the Chinese.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=649155471&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Liao, Shu-Hsien. Will China Become a Military Space Superpower?Space Policy 21:205-212 August 2005.China's ambitious space program was born in extremely poor national conditions in 1956. By 15 October 2003, with the successful return of the Shenzhou-4 manned space flight, it had developed dramatically. While this flight was a milestone in China's space capabilities, it should be considered not as an end, but as the entry ticket to the space power club of the USA and Russia.

Sabathier, Vincent. Europe and China.Ad Astra 17:28-29 Spring 2005.Discusses the potential partnership between Europe and China in space exploration. Difference between the attitudes of the U.S. and European Union towards China; Implications of China's emerging space program
for global security; Background on space programs launched by the EU.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17832781

Saunders, Phillip C. China's Space Ambitions: Implications for U.S. Security.Ad Astra 17:21-23 Spring 2005.Discusses the significance of the improvements in China's space capabilities to its Army, and details of antisatellite weapon research by Chinese scientists.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17832778

Wortzel, Larry M. The Rules of Engagement: The Russia Model.Ad Astra
17:24-25 Spring 2005.China has embarked on an ambitious program to compete with the US in both the civil and military aspects of space exploration. Concerns about China's military intentions have led many Americans to question whether the US should cooperate with China on civil space programs.

Yu, Shujun. Space Station, Ultimate Goal.Beijing Review 48:26-29 October 27, 2005.After flying 2 million miles in 115 hours and 32 minutes in space, Shenzhou 6 brought China's second manned space mission to a close, making it only the third country to put a man in space after Russia and the US.

Zhao, Yun. The 2002 Space Cooperation Protocol Between China and Brazil: An Excellent Example of South-South Cooperation.Space Policy 21:213-219 August 2005.China and Brazil have been cooperating in space since 1986 and, after 15 years of successful joint work, the two sides agreed on a 2002 Protocol, providing a more concrete framework for further cooperation.

Ingold, Olivier. Soyuz in French Guiana: A Strategic Perspective.Space Policy
22:140-148: May 2006.After a proposition from Russia to France, ESA agreed to see Soyuz rockets take off from French Guiana. From industry, to governments and agencies, many Russian and European actors were involved in this project and they all had different motives.

Kunzmann, Katharina and Reuter, Thomas. Crafting a Legal Framework for a Coherent Future Structure for European Space Activities.Space Policy 20:59-61 February 2004.

Madders, Kevin and Wouters, Jan. Taking Stock of Europe's Developing Space Policy: From the European Space Policy Workshops to the European Space Policy Forum.Space Policy 20:31-36 February 2004.

Mowthorpe, Matthew. Toward a European Space Force.Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies 30:3-7 Spring 2005.Europe is reassessing its space assets requirements and has decided to acquire an independent navigation positioning system in the form of the Galileo project, as well as reconnaissance assets under the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) system.

Ryzenko, Jakub. Involving the Central European Countries in the European Space Policy: How Not to Miss the Opportunity?Space Policy 20:237-239 November 2004.

Sabathier, Vincent. Europe and China.Ad Astra 17:28-29 Spring 2005.Discusses the potential partnership between Europe and China in space exploration. Difference between the attitudes of the U.S. and European Union towards China; Implication of China's emerging space program on global security; Background on space programs launched by the EU.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=17832781

Mathews, Neelam. Sorting Out.Aviation Week & Space Technology 162:52-53 January 3, 2005.Russia signed 10 agreements with India on space, defense, and aviation. After talks with the European Union on investment in the Galileo GPS system, India formally agreed to participate in the Russian Glonass
system.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=774590321&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Mathews, Neelam. Space Stability.Aviation Week & Space Technology 164:59 April 24, 2006.The formation of an aerospace command for India has moved a step further, with the air force planning soon to present a military-space doctrine on its surveillance, reconnaissance and network-centric requirements.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1028023781&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Mathews, Neelam and others. Easing Exports.Aviation Week & Space Technology 164:26-27 March 13, 2006.India's nascent commercial space-launch industry could get a boost under new bilateral agreements that should clear US export-control roadblocks for spacecraft and their components. The State Dept. has cleared two US instruments to fly on the Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter next year, and India has agreed to share the data from its own instruments on the orbiter with US scientists.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1004244471&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Zaborsky, Victor. Missile Proliferation Risks of International Space Cooperation.World Affairs 165:185-196 Spring 2003.Examines the co-relation of civilian and military space programs, as well as missile proliferation risks that accompany transfers of sensitive rocket technologies. To assess the missile proliferation risks of space cooperation, Zaborsky discusses the programs of four countries that have already achieved some success in building orbital launch vehicles: China, India, Brazil and Japan.

Covault, Craig. Iran's "Sputnik".Aviation Week & Space Technology 161:36-37 November 29, 2004.Discusses the launch of an Iranian built satellite on an upgraded version of Iran's largest ballistic missile, the Shahab-3.

Fuyuno, Ichiko. Japan Revises Its Military Plans for Space.Nature 440:857 April 13, 2006.Japan is considering the elimination of a self-imposed limit on the imaging resolution of military satellites, to enable them to detect missile launches.

Johnson-Freese, Joan and Gatling, Lance. Security Implications of Japan's Information Gathering Satellite (IGS) System.Intelligence & National Security 19:538-552 Autumn 2004.Countries which previously limited their space activity to civilian purposes have increasingly come to employ dual-use technology as a first step into the world of military space. Japan's Information Gathering Satellite (IGS) system, intended to support disaster relief situations, and provide information for diplomatic and defense policy decision-making, exemplifies this trend.

Sekigawa, Eiichiro. Recce Recovery.Aviation Week & Space Technology 162:38 February 7, 2005.Japan devoted nearly one-third of its space spending in fiscal 2005 to developing military reconnaissance satellites, an allocation nearly as large as what the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency got for all of its space exploration, manned space and operational programs.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=791292731&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Suzuki, Kazuto. Administrative Reforms and the Policy Logistics of Japanese Space Policy.Space Policy 21:11-19 February 2005.

Zaborsky, Victor. Missile Proliferation Risks of International Space Cooperation.World Affairs 165:185-196 Spring 2003.Examines the co-relation of civilian and military space programs, as well as missile proliferation risks that accompany transfers of sensitive rocket technologies. To assess the missile proliferation risks of space cooperation, Zaborsky discusses the programs of four countries that have already achieved some success in building orbital launch vehicles: China, India, Brazil and Japan.

Mowthorpe, Matthew. The Militarization and Weaponization of Space. Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2004. 251 p.
Analyzes the military space policies of the United States, the Soviet Union/Russia, and the People's Republic of China from the Cold War period to the present day. Book call no.: 358.8 M936m

Ingold, Olivier. Soyuz in French Guiana: A Strategic Perspective.Space Policy 140-148: May 2006.After a proposition from Russia to France, ESA agreed to see Soyuz rockets take off from French Guiana. From industry, to governments and agencies, many Russian and European actors were involved in this project and they all had different motives.

Komarov, Alexey. Stellar Plans.Aviation Week & Space Technology 163:30 July 25, 2005.The Russian government's new space spending plan marks the latest attempt to halt the decline of the country's industrial base. The plan calls for the civil space program to receive about 305 billion rubles for space activities in 2006-2015.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=874030421&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Larson, George C. Leroy's Launch.Air & Space Smithsonian 20:40+ June-July 2005.Reports on the launch of US astronaut Leroy Chiao with cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov to bring Expedition 10 to the International Space Station on board Russia's Soyuz space vehicle in October 2004.

Mathews, Neelam. Sorting Out.Aviation Week & Space Technology 162:52-53 January 3, 2005.Russia signed 10 agreements with India on space, defense, and aviation. After talks with the European Union on investment in the Galileo GPS system, India formally agreed to participate in the Russian Glonass system. The two countries plan to build and launch satellites together, with Russia's 11 satellites to be increased to 18 by 2007.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=774590321&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Russia's Military Space Program Facing Difficult Transition Period.Defense Daily International 6:1 February 11, 2005.Russia is hoping to increase its number of GPS satellites now in orbit from 11 to 18 by 2007. Eventually Russia would like to have a full constellation of 24 GPS satellites

Snooping on Radars: A History of Soviet/Russian Global Signals Intelligence Satellites.Journal of the British Interplanetary Society (Supplement 2: Space Chronicle) 57:97-133 2005.

Ramos, Kim. Solar Power Constellations: Implications for the United States Air Force. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2000. 30 p.
As the world population increases, alternative methods to produce sustainable cost-effective energy are required.
The author presents several solar power satellite proposals, architectures, incremental technology demonstrations and predictions as to when they will become commercially viable.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA394928Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 R175s

Caceres, Marco. Uptick in GEO Commercial Satellite Orders.Aerospace America 44:20-22 May 2006.217 commercial satellites were launched (or had attempted launches) worldwide during 1996-2005. Authors forecast that approximately 176 will be built and launched during 2006-2015. A graph illustrates these statistics.

Hebert, Adam J. High Anxiety.Air Force Magazine 89:34-38 January 2006.Satellites help the Air Force maintain its superiority over other military forces, and if they were destroyed by enemy forces the US military would lose its effectiveness. The US must continue to develop and protect its assets in outer space and refine its ability to get the information collected from them to soldiers in the field.

Iannotta, Ben. SUMO Wrestles Satellites into New Orbits.Aerospace America 44:26-30 February 2006.The Spacecraft for the Universal Modification of Orbits (SUMO) is a proposed unmanned orbital tow truck that would use robotic arms and mechanical hands to grab commercial or military satellites and move them to new orbits without damaging them.

Muir, Hazel. Space Crimes and Misdemeanors.New Scientist
186:8-9 April 23-29, 2005.Defunct satellites in the geostationary ring above the Earth are left to orbit there forever. Unless satellite operators clean up their act, newer spacecraft face the prospect of colliding with the orbiting junk.

Tomme, Edward B. The Myth of the Tactical Satellite.Air & Space Power Journal 20:89-100 Summer 2006.Many proponents insist that “tactical” satellites are a must-have asset since they give the tactical war fighter a significant advantage in the battlespace.
But the author argues that developing, funding, and producing these satellites
constitute misdirected attempts to convince field commanders that satellite
capabilities exist for battlefield exploitation. He suggests that these
proponents need to shift their focus toward the strategic realm, where
measurable satellite effects can be meaningfully realized.
Also available online at: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj06/sum06/tomme.html

Canan, James W. Timing in Battle: The T-Sat Edge.Aerospace America 44:39-43 January 2006.The transformational satellites communications system (T-Sat) promises revolutionary new speed and power for tomorrow's quick-strike, fast reaction warfare.

Erwin, Sandra I. Multibillion-Dollar 'Internet in the Sky' Could Help Ease Bandwidth Crunch.National Defense 89:24-25 June 2005.Dubbed the Transformational Satellite Communications system, TSAT is regarded by DoD leaders and program advocates as a technological panacea that could help resolve the spectrum crunch by making the military services less dependent on radio communications.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=875056321&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Eves, Stuart. Low Earth Orbit: A Home for Small Satellite Constellations.Journal of the British Interplanetary Society (Supplement 1: Space Chronicle) 58:39-42 2005.

Singer, Jeremy. Responsive Space.Air Force Magazine 89:48-52 March 2006.By 2010, Space Command hopes to be able to swiftly prepare and launch a small satellite that will survive only long enough to meet the intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance (ISR) needs of the immediate mission.

Snooping on Radars: A History of Soviet/Russian Global Signals Intelligence Satellites.Journal of the British Interplanetary Society (Supplement 2: Space Chronicle) 57:97-133 2005.

Williamson, Ray A. and Baker, John C. Current US Remote Sensing Policies: Opportunities and Challenges.Space Policy 20:109-116 May 2004.Reviews the evolution of policy on commercial imaging satellites from 1992 to the present and charts developments in the Landsat programme.

Lawrence, Timothy J. Building A Cadre of Space Professionals with Responsive Lift. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2003. 39 leaves.
Offers a conceptual design of a nanosatellite launcher and attempts to show that a low cost launch system could be developed. Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 L423b

Scott, William B. Fighters as Spacelift: Can Tactical Aircraft Serve as a First Stage for Lofting Military Microsatellites into Orbit?Aviation Week & Space Technology 158:72-74 April 7, 2003.Discusses Air Force Research Laboratory plans for flight tests of a quick-response, microsatellite launch vehicle (MSLV), to determine the feasibility of air-launching a 3-stage booster from an F-15E fighter.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=323294611&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Sirak, Michael. US Restructures Troubled Satellite Programme.Jane's Defence Weekly 42:8 December 21, 2005.Reports that the Air Force has restructured its next-generation missile warning satellite program to mitiligate the impact of lingering technical complexities.

Hook, David E. For Want of a Nail: An Assessment of Global Positioning System Satellite Replenishment. Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College, 2004. 92 p.
Investigates whether the Air Force should forgo its launch-to-sustain replenishment strategy in favor of a more aggressive launch-to-augment strategy, in order to proactively replace high-risk satellites and to accelerate modernization timelines.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA428995Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 H781f

Periodicals

Beidleman, Scott W. GPS vs Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space.Astropolitics 3:117-161 Summer 2005.Investigates Europe's motives to develop the independent satellite navigation system known as Galileo, despite the existence of America's successful -- and freely available -- Global Positioning System.

Nitschke, Stefan. Satellites for Naval Warfare: Navigation, Surveillance, and Guidance for Weapon Systems.Naval Forces 26:96-102 2005.Author highlights the naval use of satellite technology and the importance of the GPS navigation for naval warfare.

Choi, Charles Q. Polar Satellite Freeze.Scientific American 294:18-20 February 2006.The long-range weather forecasts that warned of where Hurricane Katrina would strike depended on data from polar satellites. Now the replacements for the aging US military and civilian fleet are are in jeopardy.

Fiorino, Steven T. Using Space-Based Radar to Derive Fully Integrated, Real-Time Weather Information.Air & Space Power Journal 18:113-121 Summer 2004.
Generally, space-based radars used in weather and other military/civilian
aviation operations have been designed and fielded separately. This
practice has prevented the integration of time-sensitive, mission-critical,
radar-derived meteorological information with other key radar-derived data.
Author argues that the collection of weather data from future SBR platforms
would significantly benefit operational- and tactical-level war fighters.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=659674581&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Morring, Frank Jr. Storm Warnings.Aviation Week & Space Technology 164:81 March 20, 2006.Beginning in 2007 or in early 2008, sunspots, solar flares and coronal mass ejections should increase 30-50% over the most recent solar cycle, with the potential for corresponding disruptions in space and terrestrial systems. Those include both communications and navigation satellites, as well as power grids and ground-based communications networks.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1008500091&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Ross, Philip E. Waiting and Waiting For the Next Killer Wave.IEEE Spectrum 42:17 March 2005.The Pacific warning system ties together two elements: a surveillance network of seismic sensors, tide gauges, and satellites - and detailed maps of the ocean floor. Together they enable scientists to predict how hard a given tsunami will hit a given target's shores.

Gibson, Robert D. Space Power: The Revolution in Military Affairs. Carlisle Barracks, PA , Army War College , 2001. 19 p.
Argues that three things must occur for the US to maintain its position as the world's preeminent space power: the idea of weapons in space should be recognized as inevitable;
space should be recognized as a distinct and legitimate Area of Responsibility
in the Unified Command Plan; and the Defense Department should create a separate Space Corps under the auspices of the Air Force.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390639Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 G449s

Marheine, Fred H. Do We Need Separate Space Theory: The Lessons of History. Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, 2001. 90 p.
Attempts to resolve the fundamental question: are the physical characteristics of the space environment sufficiently different to require an independent body of theory to guide operators in seizing its full exploitation potential?
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407814Doc. call no.: M-U 43998-1 M331d

Robinson, Alec M. Distinguishing Space Power From Air Power: Implications for the Space Force Debate. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 1998. 55 p.
General Charles Horner, former commander of U.S. Space Command, advocates the creation of an independent Space Force, separate from the Air Force. Justifications for such a change depend in large measure on whether space power can provide a way of fighting and winning wars distinct from that provided by the other services.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA399130Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 R658d

Swegel, Jeffrey R. A Fork in the Path to the Heavens: The Emergence of an Independent Space Force. Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College, 2002. 59 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA403851Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 S9741f

Pike, John E. American Control of Outer Space in the Third Millennium. Washington, DC, Federation of American Scientists, 1998.
Also available online at:
http://www.fas.org/spp/eprint/space9811.htmBook call no.: 358.80973 P636a

Axup, Peter. Space Control for the Theater Commander: Naval Blockade as a Precedent. Newport, RI, Naval War College, 1999. 23 p.
Author argues that the idea of naval blockades can be extended into space operations. They provide precedent for both the concepts to employ in space warfare, and for the incremental approach to establish international law favorable to such operations.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA370673 Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 A972s

Billman, Gregory M. The "Space" of Aerospace Power: Why and How. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University, Air Force Fellows Program, May 2000. 239 p.
This paper addresses the "why?" and "how?" questions facing the Air Force vis-a-vis realizing full spacepower capabilities, not only improved force enhancement and space force support, but more importantly, space control and space force application.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA394062Doc. call no.: M-U 42252-91 B5981s

Crosier, Clinton E. Space Power and Homeland Security: Is NORTHCOM Leveraging Every Tool in the Arsenal? Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2004. 23 p.
Integrating space assets into operations is a powerful capability that has not been fully leveraged, primarily due to NORTHCOM/DHS's lack of understanding of space capabilities and how to exploit them.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA425996Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 C949s

Fernandez, Adolfo J. Military Space Control: An Intuitive Analysis. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University, 2004. 57 p.
Analyzes major aspects of military space control strategy to determine whether U.S. initiatives are on track to meet the needs of the warfighter.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA434364Doc. call no.: M-U 42252-91 F363m

Jackson, Christopher J. Laying the Space Control Foundation: Integrated Space Situational Awareness. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2003. 35 leaves.
As the US military continues to increase its reliance on space capabilities, potential adversaries may see this as an opportunity for asymmetric attack to cripple terrestrial military forces. This paper examines the military's increasing reliance on space assets and the vulnerability this creates.Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 J123L

Kinnan, Christopher J. Space-Derived Transparency: Players, Policies, Implications, and Synergies. Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, 2001. 129 p.
Democratization and globalization, the proliferation of information technologies, the availability of commercial space high-resolution imagery, and the growing influence of NGOs invite this question: what is (space-derived) transparency and what effect does it have on US security policy?
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407812Doc. call no.: M-U 43998-1 K55s

Kuo, Didi. The High Ground for Homeland Security: The Use of Space in the Fight Against Terrorism in America. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2002. 104 p. Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 K966h

Netherland, Scott F. U.S. Policy on Weaponizing Space and the Army's Role in Space Control Operations. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2004. 18 p.
Reviews Joint and Army Doctrine on the Command and Control of Space Forces, and concludes with recommendations for a clarification of U.S. space policy actions.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA424220Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 N469u

Patenaude, Richard M. How to Institutionalize Space Superiority in the United States Air Force. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College, 2001. 20 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA420527Doc. call no.: M-U 43117 P295h

Wingfield, George D. Space Control: Is Army Investment Necessary? Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College, 2004. 62 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA430501Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 W771s

Yowell, Michael L. Will Current Policies and Capabilities Allow the United States to Control Space? Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2005. 22 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA432154Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 Y83w

Periodicals

Baines, Philip J. Non-Offensive Defences: Space Protection without Space-Based Weapons.Astropolitics 2:149-174 Summer 2004.Argues that developments designed to protect space systems from negation by other actors can increase their survivability without the need for space-based weapons riding shotgun or providing armed escort for the satellites of these systems.

Bille, Matt. Everything Old Is New Again.Ad Astra 17:24-46 Fall 2005.Under the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the principles of access to the use of space, non-ownership of celestial bodies and the illegality of stationing weapons of mass destruction in space were codified. Among the concepts not prohibited by the OST are space control and space-based missile defense.

Canan, James W. Controlling the Space Arena.Aerospace America 42:28-34 January 2004.The USAF has set out to sharpen and broaden its situational awareness in space, and to make itself far more capable of protecting and defending US satellites.

Lewis, Jeffrey. Space Control Isn't Freedom of Action.Ad Astra 17:28-29 Fall 2005.Focuses on the outer space control policy of the U.S. government. The objective of the space control mission is to ensure freedom of action in space for allied forces. Among the factors that may influence satellite orbital crowding are the number of space launches and procedures to mitigate debris creation.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19743037

David, James. Was It Really 'Space Junk'? US Intelligence Interest in Space Debris that Returned to Earth.Astropolitics 3:43-65 Spring 2005.One part of the massive US intelligence effort to learn about Soviet missile and space programs during the Cold War was acquiring and analyzing Soviet space debris.

McKee, Maggie. Flying Blankets Threaten Satellites.New Scientist 183:14 August 14-20, 2004.There are faint, mysterious objects orbiting high above the Earth that NASA believes could be gossamer-thin sheets of insulation torn from satellites. Their relatively high speed could make them a danger to working satellites.

Muir, Hazel. Space Crimes and Misdemeanors.New Scientist 186:8-9 April 23-April 29, 2005.Defunct satellites in the geostationary ring above the Earth are left to orbit there forever. Unless satellite operators clean up their act, newer spacecraft face the prospect of colliding with the orbiting junk.

Bleeker, J. A. M. and others. The Century of Space Science. London, Dordrecht, 2001. 2 v.
The first volume begins with an extensive history of space science before and during the early part of the 20th century, followed by articles detailing the fundamental science investigated in space. The second volume details the exploration and study of the solar system and, particularly, Earth from space.Book call no.: 500.5 C397

Iannotta, Ben. DART Aims at Space Rendezvous.Aerospace America 43:26-30 March 2005.Discusses NASA's Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technologies experiment, which will test the sensors, propulsion systems and software needed by U.S. spacecraft for conducting maneuvers in close proximity to other spacecraft, without help from human controllers or astronauts.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16469777

Launius, Roger D. After Columbia: The Space Shuttle Program and the Crisis in Space Access.Astropolitics 2:277-322 Autumn 2004.

Maryniak, Gregg. Will We See a Golden Age of Spaceflight?Space Policy 21:111-119 May 2005.

Morring, Frank Jr. Moon-Bound, Again.Aviation Week & Space Technology 163:22-24 September 26, 2005.Continued strong US leadership in human spaceflight is the stated goal of NASA's tightly focused new plan for lunar exploration. The plan also includes seed money for a complete new commercial space industry.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=904067941&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Neal, Valerie. Space Policy and the Size of the Space Shuttle Fleet.Space Policy 20:157-169 August 2004.

Sarkissian, John M. Return to the Moon: A Sustainable Strategy.Space Policy 22:118-127 May 2006.Explores how the President's space initiative can be realized on an international co-operative basis along similar lines to those already existing with the international space station.

Sietzen, Frank Jr. From Mercury to CEV: Space Capsules Reemerge.Aerospace America 43:26-30+ February 2005.The space capsule, eclipsed for decades by the more complex and costly shuttle, now appears likely to reemerge as its successor.

Sietzen Jr., Frank. Mapping the Moon's Resources.Aerospace America 43:28-32 April 2005.Discusses the purpose of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, a spacecraft tasked to perform a year-long resource allocation mission mapping of the lunar surface from orbit.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16784461

Wilson, J. R. The Wright Path to a Mars Flyer.Aerospace America 44:40-44 April 2006.In creating an unmanned aircraft that can fly in the Martian atmosphere, designers will return to some basic principles applied by the Wright brothers, but face challenges unlike any encountered on earth.

Yu Shujun. Space Station, Ultimate Goal.Beijing Review 48:26-29 October 27, 2005.After flying 2 million miles in 115 hours and 32 minutes in space, Shenzhou 6 brought China's second manned space mission to a close, making it only the third country to put a man in space after Russia and the US.

Zak, Anatoly. Europe to Join Russia in Building Next Space Shuttle.IEEE Spectrum 42:12-14 August 2005.

Air Force Operations and the Law: A Guide for Air and Space Forces. Washington, International and Operations Law Division, Judge Advocate General's Department, U.S. Air Force, 2002. 700 p.Book call no.: 342.0412 A298

Dolman, Everett C. Astropolitik: Classical Geopolitics in the Space Age. London , Frank Cass, 2002. 208 p.
Identifies and evaluates the relationship between outer-space geography and geographic position (astrogeography), and the evolution of current and future military space strategy. Book call no.: 327.0919 D665a

Goldman, Nathan C. Space Policy: An Introduction. Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1992. 321 p.
Describes the broad sweep of decision making and outcomes of the American effort in space, and examines the political and technological complexities surrounding the history and development of space policy. Book call no.: 333.94 G619s

Hayden, Dale L. The International Development of Space and Its Impact on U.S. National Space Policy. Maxwell AFB, AL, Airpower Research Institute, College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education, Air University, 2004. 42 p.
Also available online at: https://research.au.af.mil/papers/ay2004/ari/ARI2004-01.pdfBook call no.: 358.8 H414i

Mowthorpe, Matthew. The Militarization and Weaponization of Space. Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2004. 251 p.
Analyzes the military space policies of the United States, the Soviet Union/Russia, and the People's Republic of China from the Cold War period to the present day. Book call no.: 358.8 M936m

Butler, Richard J. Sovereignty and Protective Zones in Space and the Appropriate Command and Control of Assets. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2001. 156 p.
Compares international law treaties and other historical analyses to current United States war fighting doctrine on space and proposes a US Air Force position on this issue.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407102Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 B985s

Cooney, William T. Protecting Critical Space Systems: A National Security Issue. Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2002. (unpaged)
Examines such questions as: what is the 'real' impact of commercial space on the U.S. economy and military capability? How would loss of commercial space capabilities impact U.S. war fighting capability? What constitutes an attack on a commercial space system? How do we detect and deter an attack?
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA405817Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 C7752p

Gibson, Robert D. Space Power: The Revolution in Military Affairs. Carlisle Barracks, PA , Army War College , 2001. 19 p.
Argues that three things must occur for the US to maintain its position as the world's preeminent space power: the idea of weapons in space should be recognized as inevitable; secondly, space should be recognized as a distinct and legitimate Area of Responsibility in the Unified Command Plan; and lastly, the Defense Department should create a separate Space Corps under the auspices of the Air Force.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390639Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 G449s

Marheine, Fred H. Do We Need Separate Space Theory: The Lessons of History. Maxwell AFB, AL, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, 2001. 90 p.
Attempts to resolve the fundamental question: are the physical characteristics of the space environment sufficiently different to require an independent body of theory to guide operators in seizing its full exploitation potential?
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407814Doc. call no.: M-U 43998-1 M331d

Netherland, Scott F. U.S. Policy on Weaponizing Space and the Army's Role in Space Control Operations. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2004. 18 p.
Reviews Joint and Army Doctrine on the Command and Control of Space Forces, and concludes with recommendations for a clarification of U.S. space policy actions.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA424220Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 N469u

Ovios, Matthew D. Rules of Engagement for Space: Where Do You Start? Newport, RI, Naval War College, 2003. [25] p.
Author maintains that, due to the similarities between space and the sea, maritime ROE is a natural framework upon which to develop ROE for a future conflict in space.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415585Doc. call no.: M-U 41662 O961r

Petras, Christopher M. The Convergence of U.S. Military and Commercial Space Activities: Self-Defense and Cyber-Attack, "Peaceful Use" and the Space Station, and the Need for Legal Reform. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2001. 130 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401756Doc. call no.: M-U 39567-5 P943c

Rivera, Tamaira. Redefining Military Activities in Space: A Viable Compromise Over the Military Uses of Space. Washington, George Washington University, 2004. 82 p.
Argues that, in light of contemplated military uses of space, the Outer Space Treaty needs revision in order to strengthen its authority. As it stands, the current legal regime of space has legal loopholes that allow for future military uses that are problematic under the current space treaties.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA426438Doc. call no.: M-U 43567-1005

Russo, Anthony J. The 65-Mile Seam. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College, 2002. 36 p.
Written almost entirely by space operations experts, a new version of Space Operations Doctrine (AFDD 2-2) opens the door for consideration of the potentially unique contributions from operations in space. However, this otherwise forward-thinking document still begins Chapter One with the assertion "There is no division... between air and space. Air and space are an indivisible field of operations."
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA420645Doc. call no.: M-U 43117 R9691s

Waldrop, Elizabeth Seebode. Integration of Military and Civilian Space Assets: Legal and National Security Implications. Montreal, Quebec, McGill University, 2003. 113 p.
The first chapter explores the depth of the interdependence of military and civilian users on the same space systems. The second considers the implications of dual use space technologies, such as proliferation concerns. The third discusses various legal mechanisms States employ to address security issues involving space activities. The final chapter outlines legal restrictions on the use of space assets by armed forces.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA416905Doc. call no.: M-U 43567-983

Bille, Matt. Everything Old Is New Again.Ad Astra 17:24-46 Fall 2005.Under the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the principles of access to the use of space, non-ownership of celestial bodies and the illegality of stationing weapons of mass destruction in space were codified. Among the concepts not prohibited by the OST are space control and space-based missile defense.

Dietrich, George B. and Goldstein, William C. Collective Trusteeship for Near Space: The Case for UNNESA.Space Policy 14:9-14 February 1998.Examines the need to determine what source of legal authority will govern commercial activities in space development activity.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=887833

Goh, Gerardine Meishan. Keeping the Peace in Outer Space: A Legal Framework for the Prohibition of the Use of Force.Space Policy 20:259-278 November 2004.

Hancock, Randy. Provisions of the Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA).Space Policy 21:227-229 August 2005.The CSLA was enacted to assist the development of commercial, including passenger-carrying, launch vehicles.

Lewis, Jeffrey. Space Control Isn't Freedom of Action.Ad Astra 17:28-29 Fall 2005.Focuses on the outer space control policy of the U.S. government. The objective of the space control mission is to ensure freedom of action in space for allied forces. Among the factors that may influence satellite orbital crowding are the number of space launches and procedures to mitigate debris creation.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=19743037

Mirmina, Steven A. Reducing the Proliferation of Orbital Debris: Alternatives to a Legally Binding Instrument. American Journal of International Law 99:649-662 July 2005.Describes the scope of the threat posed by orbital debris and explains why immediate action to mitigate that threat is advised.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=929164471&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Neal, Valerie. Space Policy and the Size of the Space Shuttle Fleet.Space Policy 20:157-169 August 2004.

Viikari, Lotta. Time is of the Essence: Making Space Law More Effective.Space Policy 21:1-5 February 2005.

Zhao, Yun. The 1972 Liability Convention: Time for Revision?Space Policy 20:117-122 May 2004.The 1972 Liability Convention helps define liability for damage caused by space objects. However, with more and more space activities taking place on a daily basis, along with the trend towards commercialization, the continued application of the Convention faces severe challenges.

Report of the Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization. [Washington, DC] , The Commission, 2001. 1 v. (in various pagings)
Also available online at: http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/space20010111.html Book call no.: 358.80973 R425

Costello, Eugene D. USSTRATCOM: The Continuing Transformation of Military Space. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2004. 18 p.
This paper will determine if the merger between U.S. Space Command and U.S. Strategic Command enables the Department of Defense to transform its military space operations in order to engage and defend against emerging asymmetric threats.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA423321Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 C841u

Downey, James R., Forestier, James R., and Miller, David E. Flying Reactors: The Political Feasibility of Nuclear Power in Space. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air University, Air Force Fellows Program, April 2004. 99 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA425874Doc. call no.: M-U 42252-91 D748f

Todd, Frank P. Current National Space Security Trends and Implications for the Future. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2002. 22 p.
Describes why space and its resources are of such vital interest to the U. S., presents the extent to which the military relies on space systems for command and control, analyzes whether outsourcing space capabilities is a viable alternative, and looks at current DoD space system replacement trends and reorganization efforts.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401672Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 T633c

Brown, Kendall K. Is Operationally Responsive Space the Future of Access to Space for the U.S. Air Force?Air & Space Power Journal 20:11-18 Summer 2006.The keystone of the operationally responsive space concept is a responsive launch capability. Without such space lift, improvements designed to establish suitable space assets and infrastructure will prove significantly less effective.
Also available online at: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj06/sum06/brown.html

Brown, Kendall K. Space Power Integration: Perspectives from Space Weapons Officers.Air & Space Power Journal 20:11-18 Summer 2006.Summarizes ideas presented at the first Space Weapons Officer Air and Space Integration Conference, held at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama in March 2005. The conference papers have been published in a book, Space Power Integration Perspectives from Space Weapons Officers.
Also available online at: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj06/sum06/brown1.html

Cartwright, James E. Statement of General James E. Cartwright, USMC Commander, United States Strategic Command, before the Strategic Forces Subcommittee on Space Policy, March 16, 2005.Astropolitics 3:199-212 Summer 2005.Discusses USSTRATCOM's role, including its space mission.

Iannotta, Ben. DART Aims at Space Rendezvous.Aerospace America 43:26-30 March 2005.Discusses NASA's Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous Technologies experiment, which will test the sensors, propulsion systems and software needed by U.S. spacecraft for conducting maneuvers in close proximity to other spacecraft, without help from human controllers or astronauts.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16469777

Lawson, Robert. The Space Security Index.Astropolitics 2:175-199 Summer 2004.An excerpt from "Space Security 2003", published by the International Security Research and Outreach Programme of Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade.

Szafranski, Richard and Kidd, Donald. A Debate: Will the Larger Air Force Ever Accept the Space Cadre?Air & Space Power Journal 20:19-25 Summer 2006.America’s foes are driving future engagements to the tactical level whenever possible and creating a need for more US expeditionary forces. In this tactically oriented warfare environment, how can space forces operating at the strategic level of warfare from behind computer terminals far from the battlefield ever hope to integrate with their expeditionary brethren?
Also available online at: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj06/sum06/szafranski.html

Teets, Peter B. National Security Space in the Twenty-First Century.Air & Space Power Journal 18:4-8 Summer 2004.During the past 10 years, space-based systems have enabled dramatic improvement in military and intelligence operations. Due in large part to space systems, US military forces know more about their adversaries, see the battlefield more clearly, and can strike more quickly and precisely than any other military in history.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=659674441&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Ziarnick, Brent D. Mahan on Space Education: A Historical Rebuke of a Modern Error.Air & Space Power Journal 19:63-70+ Winter 2005.Author posits that the ideas of a
19th-century sea-power theorist remain relevant to the development of 21st-century space professionals -- especially those relating to the ongoing debate of technical versus nontechnical education for officers.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=995330771&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Dietrich, George B. and Goldstein, William C. Collective Trusteeship for Near Space: The Case for UNNESA.Space Policy 14:9-14 February 1998.Examines the need to determine what source of legal authority will govern commercial activities in space development activity.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=887833

McKenna, Ted. US Congress Questions Skyrocketing Space CostsJournal of Electronic Defense 28:29 September 2005.Could "near-space" technology, in some cases, eliminate the need for more expensive space-based technology? Operating at altitudes of 65,000 feet or more, near-space aircraft would not have the high launch costs associated with space vehicles, yet could provide some of the same capabilities.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=897762591&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Morris, Jefferson. Air Force Backs Away from Near-Space Maneuvering VehicleAerospace Daily & Defense Report 213:1 March 18, 2005.The U.S. Air Force Space Battlelab has backed away from the Near-Space Maneuvering Vehicle (NSMV) following a series of technical problems that have caused redesigns and scuttled flight attempts.

Morris, Jefferson. Air Force 'Not Totally Sold' on Near-Space Yet, Lord Says.Aerospace Daily & Defense Report 213:5 March 10, 2005 .Although it is intrigued by the possible advantages of near-space altitudes, the U.S. Air Force will not be "sold" until it answers some tough questions about its value and the difficulty of operating there, according to Gen. Lance Lord.

Stephens, Hampton. Near-Space.Air Force Magazine 88:36-40 July 2005.Focuses on the exploitation of near-space, the region sandwiched between an altitude of about 12 and 62 miles, as a key operating area. Discusses technical complexities of the zone.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&an=17504113

Steves, Mark. Near Space 2015: A Conceptual Vision of Near-Space Operations.Air & Space Power Journal 20:110-117 Summer 2006.Presents a fictional account of an Air Force unit in 2015. In this scenario, from a perch too high for most aircraft to reach, but too low for most space objects to orbit, airships provide reconnaissance and communication services for military operations ranging from combat missions to humanitarian assistance.
Also available online at: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj06/sum06/steves.html

O'Hanlon, Michael E. Neither Star Wars nor Sanctuary: Constraining the Military Uses of Space. Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press, 2004. 173 p.
To date, no country deploys destructive weapons in space, for use against space or Earth targets, and no country possesses ground-based weapons designed explicitly to damage objects in space. The line between nonweaponization and weaponization is blurry, to be sure - but it has not yet been crossed. The author makes a case for keeping it this way. Book call no.: 358.8 O36n

Baldauff, Regis J. By Deploying Weapons in Space, Is the United States Opening a Theater of Engagement that Could Disadvantage the United States in the Long Term? Fort Leavenworth, KS, Army Command and General Staff College, 2001. 104 p.Doc. call no.: M-U 42022 B175d

Gibson, Robert D. Space Power: The Revolution in Military Affairs. Carlisle Barracks, PA , Army War College , 2001. 19 p.
Argues that three things must occur for the US to maintain its position as the world's preeminent space power: the idea of weapons in space should be recognized as inevitable;
space should be recognized as a distinct and legitimate Area of Responsibility
in the Unified Command Plan; and the Defense Department should create a separate Space Corps under the auspices of the Air Force.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390639Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 G449s

Gleason, Donald L. Geopolitical Aspects of Weaponizing Space. Carlisle Barracks, PA, Army War College, 2002. 31 p.
As the United States political and military leaders explore weaponizing space, many questions arise. What is the threat to space-based assets? What are the options to counter those threats? The author explores diplomacy as an alternate option.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA400790Doc. call no.: M-U 39080-537 G554g

Ruhm, Brian C. Finding the Middle Ground: The U.S. Air Force, Space Weaponization, and Arms Control. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2003. 67 leaves.
Recommends an alternative strategy for realizing US space control and
space force application capabilities, based on deployable (vice orbiting)
systems. US development of an Expeditionary Space Force would be one element of a comprehensive strategy that would include changes to US space architecture and cooperative measures with other countries.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA424882 Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 R9331f

Taylor, Kirk D. Arming the Skies: The Right Time Has Not Arrived. Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College, 2000. 46 p.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA395132Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 T2431a

Baines, Philip J. Non-Offensive Defences: Space Protection without Space-Based Weapons.Astropolitics 2:149-174 Summer 2004.Argues that developments designed to protect space systems from negation by other actors can increase their survivability without the need for space-based weapons riding shotgun or providing armed escort for the satellites of these systems.

Baucom, Donald R. The Rise and Fall of Brilliant Pebbles I.Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 29:143-190 Summer 2004.Traces the history of U.S. research into the development of a system of space-based missile interceptors known as Brilliant Pebbles. Equipped with sensors, these kinetic-kill vehicles were designed to locate and collide with incoming ballistic missiles, destroying them before they could reach their targets.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=693760371&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Klein, John J. Space Warfare: A Maritime-Inspired Space Strategy.Astropolitics 2:33-61 Spring 2004.Argues that by using Sir Julian Corbett's maritime model, a space theory can be derived to predict concerns and develop ideas not currently recognized.

Plieninger, Andrew. All Along the Watchtower: Safeguarding American Space Dominance.Ad Astra 17:26-47 Fall 2005.Considers the use of space weaponry to preserve and protect space systems owned by the U.S. government. Among the factors that affect the deployment of space vehicles are industry consolidation and declining workforce.

Launius, Roger D. and Jenkins, Dennis R. To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S. Launch Vehicles. Lexington, KY, University Press of Kentucky, 2002. 519 p. Book call no.: 629.475 T627

Ward, John E. Reusable Launch Vehicles and Space Operations. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL, Center for Strategy and Technology, Air War College, Air University, 1999. 77 p. (Occasional paper; no. 12)
Concludes that the U.S. military should move away from the spacelift business by obtaining spacelift through commercially procured launch services, and second, that the U.S. military should not develop militarized RLVs that are designed to perform the traditional air operations in space.
Also available online at:
https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2000/csat/csat12.pdfBook call no.: 623.4519 W259r

Hook, David E. For Want of a Nail: An Assessment of Global Positioning System Satellite Replenishment. Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College, 2004. 92 p.
Investigates whether the Air Force should forgo its launch-to-sustain replenishment strategy in favor of a more aggressive launch-to-augment strategy, in order to proactively replace high-risk satellites and to accelerate modernization timelines.
Also available online at: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA428995Doc. call no.: M-U 42022-2 H781f

Lawrence, Timothy J. Building A Cadre of Space Professionals with Responsive Lift. Maxwell AFB, AL, Air Command and Staff College, 2003. 39 leaves.
Offers a conceptual design of a nanosatellite launcher and attempts to show that a low cost launch system could be developed. Doc. call no.: M-U 43122 L423b

Brown, Kendall K. Is Operationally Responsive Space the Future of Access to Space for the U.S. Air Force?Air & Space Power Journal 20:11-18 Summer 2006.The keystone of the operationally responsive space (ORS) concept is a responsive launch capability. Without such space lift, improvements designed to establish suitable space assets and infrastructure will prove significantly less effective.
Also available online at: http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj06/sum06/brown.html

Caceres, Marco. Launch Market Takes a Wrong Turn.Aerospace America 43:12-13 February 2005.Fewer than 60 launch missions were attempted in 2004. Part of the problem continues to be a relative lack of commercial satellites available for launch.

Caceres, Marco. Near-Term Outlook for Satellite Launches.Aerospace America 43:16-18 April 2005.Explores the trend in global space shuttle launches for the year 2004. Total number of U.S. launches to Earth orbit; Number of resupply or manned missions; Percentage increase in the number of satellites/capsules launched.
Also available online at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=16784456

Hancock, Randy. Provisions of the Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA).Space Policy 21:227-229 August 2005.The CSLA was enacted to assist the development of commercial, including passenger-carrying, launch vehicles.

Iannotta, Ben. Nanotubes Lift Hopes for Space Elevator.Aerospace America 44:30-35 March 2006.Using a nanotube material 100 times stronger than steel and one-sixth the weight, an ultrathin ribbon stretching 62,000 miles into space would let satellites "climb" into orbit. This concept could have profound geopolitical and environmental impacts.

Scott, William B. Fighters as Spacelift: Can Tactical Aircraft Serve as a First Stage for Lofting Military Microsatellites into Orbit?Aviation Week & Space Technology 158:72-74 April 7, 2003.Discusses Air Force Research Laboratory plans for flight tests of a quick-response, microsatellite launch vehicle (MSLV), to determine the feasibility of air-launching a 3-stage booster from an F-15E fighter.
Also available online at: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=323294611&Fmt=7&clientId=417&RQT=309&VName=PQD