stereotype threat,
a widespread psychological condition that can sabotage a child's performance in school and elsewhere.

In addition, you can read about empathy, a key component of social cognition and moral reasoning. Empathy permits us to share the pain of another individual, and researchers have documented such "second hand distress" in a variety of creatures, including monkeys and mice (Langford et al 2006). Human children show signs of empathy from a very early age, but full-blown empathy doesn't just "emerge" without any prompting from the environment.