Tree Range evolution under Climate change

Anne duputié

HOW TO SURVIVE: FIGHT AND/OR FLIGHT

Species may respond to climate change via two non-exclusive strategies: they may track favorable climates and/or quickly change and adapt their phenotype* (such as drought resistance or timing of spring events). Using a model that infers the survival and reproductive output of temperate trees from climatic data, Dr. Anne Duputié could identify selective pressures that act on key traits of the trees’ life cycle. For the first time, potential genetic changes and dispersal abilities were jointly taken into account to calculate a more accurate probability of the trees’ persistence in changing environments. Parameterized for the pedunculate oak, this model can be extended to other species, providing information about the existing genetic variation for these traits. These results could contribute to creating future biodiversity scenarios.

BiographySince my master at Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (France), I have worked in the area of evolutionary ecology at the Centre of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology in Montpellier (France). I am interested in the processes of creation and maintaining of biological diversity, notably when humans play a strong role in the story.During my dissertation, I studied how ecological diversity could emerge, using the plant genus Manihot as an example. This genus diversified into a hundred species, one of which is cultivated cassava, within a few million years. More specifically, I addressed how the domestication of cassava modified the ecological strategy of seed germination.I was also interested in intraspecific genetic diversity, and studied the geographic origin of cultivated cassava, the history of the migrations of the wild ancestor of the crop, and I showed how Amerindian cassava farmers created and maintained genetic diversity within their crop. Research workDuring my post-doctoral fellowship, my concerns will also be related to the influence of humans on biodiversity, albeit in a more contemporary frame.Ongoing global changes have a strong impact on species' ecological characters. Notably, climate warming modifies species' phenology (that is, the timing of biological events) and displaces their spatial distribution, with a latitudinal shift towards the poles. Several types of ecological models have aimed at understanding and predicting these shifts ; however, none of them takes into account the species' evolutionary potential.In a collaboration between the research teams of Isabelle Chuine (Centre of Functional and Evolotionary Ecology, Montpellier, France) and Mark Kirkpatrick (Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA), I will integrate this component into an existing ecological model, and try to predict how a tree species (Quercus robur, pedunculate oak) can displace its range in the next two centuries. This model will be applicable to other taxa as well, provided sufficient information on their biology and plasticity is known.AXA fundingI most appreciated the freedom I had to design my project. One of the most interesting features of the Axa Research fund fellowship is the inclusion of specific funding for attending conferences and workshops.