If you are trapped on a ship for 3 weeks, then you can ask the Asim's to allow you to drop character, where you'll be able to recreate your character. However if you are trapped on a ship, it might be worth pressing the "Contact Owner" button, and sending them a message, most owners will do their best to help you out, some however will leave you there, and yet others will come and arrest/execute you.

Other than that, to kill your character you need to be Arrested/Executed or fly a ship into a Black Hole/Sun.

That would, indeed, be a problem. You could hop a NPC transport to another planet. Pick an Eidola planet, maybe? Or perhaps the GE might oblige? Ask around for a faction that'll off you, pick a planet they control, head over there. Shoot Kainen Morguli a DM. He's a decent bloke for a homicidal maniac. One more corpse won't bother him much.

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"May the Grace of Ara go with you, and His Vengeance be wrought upon your enemies."