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Read the full Chart History here:

Although this chart was originally surveyed 'in pursuance of Directions from the Lords of Trade to His Majesty's Surveyor General for the Northern District of North America..' and published ' at the request of The Right Honourable Lord Viscount Howe by J.F.W Des Barres Esq: 20th July 1776', it was used as a template for this later (1778) version which includes notes and references to the naval skirmish of Rhode Island.The original survey for this chart was probably completed by Charles Blaskowitz under instruction from Samuel Holland.The chart is also very similar, topographically, to an earlier 1770 map, likely by the same team (see Heritage Chart A105).

The British, under Admiral Howe, fought with the French, under Admiral D'Estaing, in the days leading-up to their landing on
Rhode Island.With the British ensconced in
New York, the American leadership and their new French ally had made the decision to deploy fresh forces in
Rhode Island and to expel the British from there. Strategically, this would trap the British forces that had occupied the region since 1776 and would open up
Narragansett Bay for American and French forces, and deny the harbour and port to the British.

As American and French intentions became clearer, British General Robert Pigot set-up to defend
Newport by levelling orchards and houses to provide a clear line of fire.He also had carriages and wagons destroyed and moved all livestock into the town of
Newport.The American Continental Army, along with local militia in the region under John Sullivan (supported by Generals Nathanael Greene and Lafayette), and their French allies, engaged the British at the
Battle of Quaker Hill on the
Island of
Aquidneck (
Rhode Island).It was a unique occasion in the Revolutionary War, in as much as it was the only engagement fought during the war in which black Americans participated as a distinct racial group.The battle ended inconclusively and the whole effort was undermined by the loss of the French fleet, which still carried reinforcements, being forced to withdraw to
Boston for repairs due to hurricane damage.

Within days of landing it was clear that the Americans would have to give up its goal of capturing the island and securing
Narragansett Bay for American and French ship traffic.By the 29th of August the Americans were in retreat, leaving the British and their called-for reinforcements in control of the region until their final withdrawal in 1783.Actions were fought at numerous locations and involved sea-land bombardments.The sharpest engagement took place on August 29, with the First
Rhode Island Regiment distinguishing itself by fighting off an attempted British flanking action.