Transforming the Post Office

On August 12, 1970, President Richard Nixon signed the Postal Reorganization Act. With well over 700,000 employees in 1970, the old Post Office Department was the largest non-military employer in the United States government. Reinventing and transforming this monolithic organization was a daunting task, one made more difficult by the prevailing distrust between postal workers and managers, and a Congress reluctant to relinquish either financial control over the agency or the thousands of patronage positions it afforded.

The Post Office Department’s actual transformation occurred almost a year later, when it became the United States Postal Service (USPS) on July 1, 1971. This was the most radical change in its 200 year history. The position of Postmaster General, once a powerful political position, was removed from the President's Cabinet, where it had rested since Andrew Jackson's administration.

The reorganization of the postal system in 1970-71 was, for most Americans, a behind the scenes transformation. Among the visible signs of a change was the switch of icons from a rider on horseback to an eagle.

The postal service became a government owned corporation. The United States Postal Service was given limited independence, autonomy that included collective bargaining and the right to spend postal funds as the service saw fit. Since then, the Postmaster General has been appointed by the service's Board of Governors, and no longer used as a Presidential reward for political service. Current Postmaster General (PMG) John Potter is the 10th PMG appointed since the transformation (including PMG Winton Blount, who was also the last Postmaster General under the old Post Office Department). Under the new organization, postal rates are set by a separate government agency known as the Postal Rate Commission (now known as the Postal Regulatory Commission).

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Ashley,

The 1970 strike was one of a number of events that influenced the way the Post Office Department was restructured. Plans for the restructuring began in the mid 1960s due to a growing realization that the Department’s operating structure was significantly out of date and unable to adequately respond to the massively growing mail volumes of the second half of the 20th century.