Abstract: This study set out an assessment of the effects of two voxel sizes and scan modes of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in periimplant fenestration and dehiscence detection. It also aimed to investigate whether CBCT filters would enhance the diagnosis of periimplant dehiscence. One hundred titanium implants were placed in bovine ribs in which periimplant fenestration and dehiscence were simulated. The images were acquired using the i-CAT Next Generation CBCT unit, with a FOV of 8 x 8 cm and the following protocols: A- 0.2 mm voxel size half-scan (180°); B- 0.2 mm voxel size full-scan (360°); and C- 0.12 mm voxel size full-scan (360°). Five filters of the XoranCat software were tested: Angio Sharpen High 5x5, Shadow, Sharpen 3×3, Sharpen Mild and Smooth. Three oral radiologists performed a dynamic evaluation of the presence/absence of the defects and ROC curves were created. The values of the area under the curve (Az) were compared with ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. The significance level was adopted at 5%. The McNemar test was applied to perform two comparisons in order to identify disagreements. All the enhanced and the original images were compared with the gold-standard and the original images were compared to the enhanced ones. The protocol A had significantly lower Az values than those obtained with the protocols B and C (p < 0.01) for dehiscence. The original images and the Shadow filter were statistically different from the gold-standard (p < 0.01). All the enhanced images also had statistically significant differences from the original images (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the voxel sizes did not influence in periimplant fenestration and dehiscence detection but the full-scan (360°) performed better than the half-scan for dehiscence. The use of enhancement CBCT filters for dehiscence detection is advised, with the exception of the Shadow filter