Diabetes mellitus is a systemie disease which causes disorders of funetion and structure of different organs not avoiding gastrointestinal tract. Gastroparesis, constipation, diarrhoea are widely known complications of long-lasting diabetes mellitus in digestive system, probably because they are the most nagging for the patients. In literaturę the dysfunetions of oesophageal motility in diabetes mellitus is also described. Their course is frequently symptomless. Esophageal motor disorders are characterized by absence or marked decrease in the primary peristaltic wave, presence of spontaneous, strong, tonie contractions, reduetion in the lower oesophageal sphincteric pressure, delayed oesophageal transit, gastroesophageal reflux. The-se anomalies most probably are connected with the autonomie neuropathy which is another complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus referring to neurological system. The evidence of this relationship may be that oesophageal motor dysfunetion are morę likely to oceur in diabeties in the presence of autonomie neuropathy and that 40% of studied non-diabetic patients with gastroesophageal reflux had autonomie neuropathy. The finał conclusion is that the further studies of the funetion of parasympathetic and sympathetic system in oesophagus and the mechanism of oesophageal motility disorders in diabetes are still required.