Why schemes are used

They are commonly thought to be persuasive when writing because they dress up rather mundane language. It is based off the idea that we are persuaded by imagery.

Examples

Parallelism

Establishment of similar patterns of grammatical structure and length.Examples:
Casey has such a nice, fun, ecstatic, adventurous, and humble personality.

Antithesis

Contrary to ideas expressed in a balanced sentence. It can be a contrast of oppositesExamples:
Man proposes, God disposes. Or a contrast of degree: many are called, but few are chosen.

Anastrophe

An astrophe is a form of literary device wherein the order of the noun and the adjective in the sentence is exchanged. Simply an inverted sentence that one does not expectExamples:
Patience I lack. Strong in the force, you are. Excited the boy was when his family found him.

Assonance

Repetition of vowel soundsExample:
Moses supposes his toeses are roses.

Adnomination

The repetition of words with the change if letter or sound.Example:
He is nobody from nowhere who knows nothing.

Antaclasis

The repetition of a similar word with a different meaning.Example
Put out the lights, then put out the light.

Dubitatio

A rhetorical term for the expression of doubt or uncertainty.Example
To be, or not to be - that is the question.

Elipsis

The omission from the speaking or writing of a word(s) that are able to be understood with contextual clues.Example
And…?

Elision

The emission of a sound or syllable while speakingExample
You are —> you're

Epanalepsis

Repeating (a) word(s) used at the beginning of a sentence again at the end of the sentence.Example
Shout from the rooftop with all your strength, shout!

Euphony

A combination of words that are harmonious and pleasing to the ear.Example
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness close bosom friend of the maturing sun.

Epizeuxis

A word repeated multiple times in a sentenceExample
Go, go, go down to the river.

Homograph

Words which are spelled the same but have different meanings.Examples:
Read/read, tear/tear.

Homonym

Words that are spelled differently but are pronounced the sameExamples:
There, they're, their.

Homophone

Words that have the same pronunciation but different spellings or meanings.Examples
New/knew, read/red

Syncope

The shortening of a word by withholding sounds, syllables, or letters from the middle of a wordExamples:
Offer'd, question'd, wat'ry

Zeugma

A word that applies to more than one noun in a sentenceExample
She lost her coat and her temper.