UNECE's major aim is to promote pan-European economic integration. UNECE includes 56 member States in Europe, North America and Asia. However, all interested United Nations member States may participate in the work of UNECE. Over 70 international professional organizations and other non-governmental organizations take part in UNECE activities.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat, UN Statistics Division Demographic Yearbook, WHO European health for all database and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources.
Definition:
Adolescent fertility covers live births to women aged 15-19.
A live birth is the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which after such separation breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached.
The adolescent fertility rate is the number of live births to women aged 15-19 per 1000 women aged 15-19.
General note: Data on live births come from registers, unless otherwise specified. The adolescent fertility rate is computed by UNECE secretariat.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Armenia
Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Azerbaijan
Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Belarus
Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
1995 : data refer to 1996.
Country: Canada
Data include Canadian residents temporarily in the United States, but exclude United States residents temporarily in Canada.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
Country: Estonia
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Finland
Data include nationals temporarily outside the country.
Country: Georgia
Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
From 1995 : data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
1980-2003 : data refer to age group 15-20.
Country: Germany
1980-1990 : data cover only West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany). From 1995 : data refer to reunified Germany, i.e. include the ex-German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
Country: Ireland
Data are tabulated by date of registration (rather than occurrence) and refer to births registered within one year of occurrence.
2005-2006 : provisional data.
Country: Israel
Data cover East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by Israeli military forces since June 1967.
1980 : data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Kazakhstan
Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
1980-2003 : data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
Country: Latvia
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Malta
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Netherlands
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Norway
Age classification is based on year of birth of mother rather than the exact age of mother at birth of child.
Country: Poland
1980 : data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Portugal
Data refer to resident mothers.
Country: Russian Federation
Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Data are tabulated by date of registration (rather than occurrence).
Country: Turkey
1980-2000: data source is population censuses. From 2001: data are from administrative source.
Country: Turkmenistan
Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
Data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: Ukraine
Data do not cover infants born alive with less than 28 weeks gestation, less than 1000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within seven days of birth.
2000 : data refer to 1998.
1990 : data refer to age group 0-19.
Country: United Kingdom
Data are tabulated by date of occurrence for England and Wales and by date of registration for Northern Ireland and Scotland.
Country: United States
2000 : data refer to 1999.
Country: Uzbekistan
Data refer to age group 18-19.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources
Definition: An ambassador is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organisation, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. In everyday usage it applies to the top ranking government representative stationed in a foreign country.
.. - data not available
Country: Belarus
Including consuls genaral
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (2008): data refer to 2009
Country: Cyprus
Territorial change (2006 onward): Government controlled area only.
Country: Finland
Reference period (2013): situation in March 3, 2014
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (1995 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Iceland
Data refers to number at end of year.
Country: Kazakhstan
1990: data refer to 1992-1994; 1995: data refer to 1999.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to Ambassadors, Ambassadors-at-large, Consuls General, Vice Consuls.
Country: Montenegro
2008: data refer to 2009.
Country: Slovakia
Reference period (2015): Data refer to October 20, 2015. Data refer to heads of Diplomatic missions of the Slovak Republic (Ambassadors, Charge d?affaires, Consul General etc.)
Country: Spain
2013 data correspond to 24 January 2014. 2015 data correspond to 15 July 2015.
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (1980 - onwards): Data include only heads of missions, i.e. exclude collaborators with ambassador title.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
The published data contain editions to the values available in national reports.
Source: Joint COST Action FACESMAP/UNECE/FAO Enquiry on Forest Ownership in the ECE Region.
Country: France
The values of the “Owned by local government” category represent the aggregated data of the two categories: “Owned by the state at sub-national government scale” and “Owned by local government”. Please refer to the national report to see the reported values.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
The published data contain editions to the values available in national reports.
Source: Joint COST Action FACESMAP/UNECE/FAO Enquiry on Forest Ownership in the ECE Region.
Country: Slovakia
The values of the “11-50 ha” size represent the aggregated data of the two sizes: “11-50 ha” and “51-500 ha”. Please refer to the national report to see the reported values.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
The published data contain editions to the values available in national reports.
Source: Joint COST Action FACESMAP/UNECE/FAO Enquiry on Forest Ownership in the ECE Region.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
The published data contain editions to the values available in national reports.
Source: Joint COST Action FACESMAP/UNECE/FAO Enquiry on Forest Ownership in the ECE Region.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Country: Belgium
For vehicle kilometres: National transport = all kms driven in Belgium including the kms from international journeys driven in Belgium, International transport = all the kms driven outside Belgium, Regular national transport = Public Transport and school transport by public transport operators. For total passengers: Touring cars and coaches (occasional services) only, Regular national transport refers to public transport only.
Country: Croatia
Passenger kilometres refers to interurban transport only.
Country: Hungary
Number of passenger and vehicle kilometres refer to data from enterprises with more than 49 employees.
Country: Ireland
Refers to public transport only
Country: Latvia
Passenger kilometres refers to regular transport only.
Country: Norway
Urban transport data refer to the 13 largest city-areas only.
Country: Poland
International transport outside country includes only enterprises with more than 9 employees. Passenger kilometres includes only enterprises with more than 9 employees and does not include urban transport.
Country: Portugal
Refers to mainland only. Refers to public transport.
Country: Slovenia
Passenger kilometres refer to public transport. Passenger kilometres, international transport refer to domestic operators only.
Country: United States
Number of passengers, national transport does not include intercity or school bus transportation. Vehicle kilometres refers to all bus travel in the United States, not only vehicles registered in the country.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database.
Definitions:
Inland waterways transport (IWT) : Any movement of goods and/or passengers using an IWT vessel on a given inland waterways network. When an IWT vessel is being carried on another vehicle, only the movement of the carrying vehicle (active mode) is taken into account.
National inland waterways transport : Inland waterways transport between two places (a place of loading/embarkment and a place of unloading/disembarkment) located in the same country irrespective of the country in which the IWT vessel is registered. It may involve transit through a second country.
International inland waterways transport : Inland waterways transport between two places (a place of loading/embarkment and a place of unloading/disembarkment) located in two different countries. It may involve transit through one or more additional countries.
Goods carried by inland waterways : Any goods moved by IWT freight vessel. This includes all packaging and equipment such as containers, swap-bodies or pallets.
Tonne-kilometre by inland waterways : Unit of measure of goods transport which represents the transport of one tonne by inland waterways over one kilometre.
Goods loaded : Goods placed on an IWT vessel and dispatched by inland waterways. Transshipment from one IWT vessel to another is regarded as loading after unloading. The same applies to changes of pusher tugs or tugs.
Goods unloaded : Goods taken of an IWT vessel after transport by inland waterways. Transshipment from one IWT vessel to another is regarded as unloading before re-loading. The same applies to changes of pusher tugs or tugs.
International - loaded
Goods having left the country by inland waterways (other than goods in transit by inland waterways throughout) : Goods which, having been loaded on an IWT vessel in the country, left the country by inland waterways and were unloaded in another country.
International - unloaded Goods having entered the country by inland waterways (other than goods in transit by inland waterways throughout) : Goods which, having been loaded on an IWT vessel in another country, entered the country by inland waterways and were unloaded there.
Goods in transit by inland waterways throughout : Goods which entered the country by inland waterways and left the country by inland waterways at a point different from the point of entry, after having been carried across the country solely by inland waterways in the same IWT freight vessel. Transshipments from one IWT vessel to another and changes of pusher tugs or tugs are regarded as loading/ unloading.
Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order.
.. - data not availableCountry: BulgariaPush/tow and self-propelled vessels refer to vessel type 1 to 4.Country: CroatiaSelf-propelled vessels includes transport by seagoing vesselsCountry: CzechiaPush/tow vessels refers to non-self propelled vessels and other vessels.Country: United States2012 tonne kilometer data does not include imports

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database.
Definitions:National rail transport : Rail transport between two places (a place of loading/embarkment and a place of unloading/disembarkment) located in the same country irrespective of the country in which the railway vehicles were registered. It may involve transit through a second country.
International rail transport : Rail transport between two places (a place of loading/embarkment and a place of unloading/disembarkment) in two different countries. It may involve transit through one or more additional countries.
Goods carried by rail : Any goods moved by rail vehicles. This includes all packaging and equipment, such as containers, swap-bodies or pallets as well as road goods vehicles carried by rail.
Tonne-kilometre by rail : Unit of measure of goods transport which represents the transport of one tonne of goods by rail over a distance of one kilometre.
Goods loaded : Goods placed on a rail vehicle and dispatched by rail. Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transshipments from one rail vehicle to another and change of tractive vehicle are not regarded as loading after unloading.
Goods unloaded : Goods taken off a rail vehicle after transport by rail. Unlike in road and inland waterway transport, transshipments from one rail vehicle to another and change of tractive vehicle are not regarded as unloading before reloading.
International - loaded
Goods having left the country by rail (other than goods in transit by rail throughout) : Goods loaded on a reporting railway network and transported by rail to be unloaded in a foreign country.
Wagons loaded on a railway network and carried by ferry to a foreign network are included.
International - unloaded
Goods having entered the country by rail (other than goods in transit by rail throughout) : Goods loaded on a foreign railway network and transported by rail on the reporting railway network for unloading in the country of this reporting network.
Wagons loaded on a foreign railway network and carried by ferry to the reporting network are included.
Goods in transit by rail throughout : Goods loaded on a foreign railway network for a destination on a foreign railway network which are transported on the reporting railway network.
Wagons entering and/or leaving the reporting network by ferry are included.
Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order.
.. - data not available
Country: Croatia
Until 2012 international transport includes goods partly transported by railway and partly by another mode of transport. Since 2013 this kind of goods have been included in national transport.
Country: Estonia
''Goods in transit by rail'' includes transition between rail and maritime transport in ports.
Country: Slovenia
Prior to 2004 data are based on transport of goods as to origin and destination. From 2004 on data are based on journeys, which means that the transport of goods is observed as to the place of loading and the place of unloading to/from a rail vehicle
Country: Spain
Refers to Renfe and ADIF only
Country: Sweden
''Locomotives'' includes railcars.
Country: United States
Includes only Class I freight railroads.

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database.
Definitions:
Oil pipeline transport : Any movement of crude or refined liquid petroleum products in a given oil pipeline network.
National oil pipeline transport : Oil pipeline transport between two places (a pumping-in place and a pumping-out place) located in the same country or in that part of the seabed allocated to it. It may involve transit through a second country.
International oil pipeline transport : Oil pipeline transport between two places (a pumping-in place and a pumping-out place) located in two different countries or on those parts of the seabed allocated to them. It may involve transit through one or more additional countries.
Goods transported by oil pipeline : Any crude or refined liquid petroleum products moved by oil pipelines. Tonne-kilometre by oil pipeline : Unit of measure of transport which represents transport of one tonne of goods by oil pipeline over one kilometre.
International - loaded
Goods having left the country by oil pipeline ( other than goods in transit by oil pipeline throughout ) : Goods which, having been pumped into an oil pipeline in the country or that part of the seabed allocated to it, left the country by oil pipeline and were pumped out in another country.
International - unloaded
Goods having entered the country by oil pipeline (other than goods in transit by oil pipeline throughout) : Goods which, having been pumped into an oil pipeline in another country or that part of the seabed allocated to it, entered the country by oil pipeline and were pumped out there.
Goods in transit by oil pipeline throughout : Goods which entered the country by oil pipeline and left the country by oil pipeline at a point different from the point of entry, after having been transported across the country solely by oil pipeline.
Goods which entered and/or left the country in question by vessels after pumping into/pumping out of an oil pipeline at the frontier are included.
Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order.
.. - data not available
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Canada
Data reported in cubic meters.
Country: Turkey
Data includes only crude petroleum transport of Petroleum Pipeline Corporation and Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO)

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:The Central Bank is the institution which is charged with regulating the amount of the money supply in a country, the availability and cost of credit, and the foreign exchange value of its currency. The boards of Central Banks are the decision making bodies.
General note: Data on any fixed date of the year.
.. - data not available
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Data refer to: Governor and members of Governing Board.
Country: Croatia
Additional information (2013): Since 2013, Central Bank has 8 (instead of previously 14) board members.
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (2011): data refer to 2012.
Country: Cyprus
Government controlled area only.
Country: Czechia
Reference period (2008): Data refer to June - July.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Germany
Additional information (1990): The structure of the Deutsche Bundesbank and the maximum number of members of the decision making body was reorganized in 1992.
Country: Germany
Additional information (2002): The structure of the Deutsche Bundesbank and the maximum number of members of the decision making body was reorganized in 2002.
Country: Hungary
Change in definition (1995 onward): Data refer to President and deputy presidents.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (1980 onward): Data refer to Board of governors.
Country: Kazakhstan
1990: data refer to 1993.
Country: Latvia
Additional information (1995 - 2013): The Bank of Latvia is administered by the Council of the Bank and the Board of the Bank.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (1995 - 2013): Data refer to the Council of the Bank.
Country: Portugal
Banco de Portugal is included.
Country: Slovakia
2015 data refer to 20 November 2015.
Country: Sweden
Change in nomenclature from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 between 2013 and 2014.
Country: Switzerland
Reference period: as of 1st January

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources.
Definition:
Child-care refers to formal child-care arrangements, public or private, such as group care in child-care centres (creche) or registered childminders based in their own homes looking after two or more children. Child-care refers to children at youngest age (typically children aged under 3); pre-primary schools are excluded.
Enrolment in child-care centres: Number of children aged under 3 enrolled in child-care centres per 100 children of the same age group. Data normally refer to beginning of the school-year.
Availability of places in child-care centres: Ratio of the number of places available for children aged under 3 in child-care centres per 100 children of the same age group. Data refer to beginning of the school-year.
General note: depending on the organization of education and child-care centers in countries, data may be available for age groups different from under 3 years. Such differences and other deviations from the above definitions are specified in country notes.
.. - data not available
Country: Austria
Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data include centre-based institutions and exclude home-based arrangements.
Country: Austria
Reference period (1995 - 2012): Age calculation as of 31 August, the beginning of school year.
Country: Belgium
Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2.5 years
Country: Belgium
Reference period (2008 - 2009): Data refer to children enrolled on October 2008
Country: Belgium
Territorial change (1990 - 2012): Data cover only the French community of Belgium
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1980 - 2012): Data refer to end of calendar year. E.g. 1980-1981 refers to 31.12.1980.
Country: Croatia
Additional information (2011 - 2012): Census 2011 data are used for children of the corresponding age.
Country: Croatia
Data refers to children aged 6 months to 2 years.
Country: Cyprus
Data refer to the Government controlled area only.
Country: Cyprus
Data only include enrolmemts in child care centres, exclude child care provided by registered childminders.
Country: Denmark
Reference period (2004): As of 2004, reference month changed from March to September.
Country: Estonia
Change in definition (1995 - 2007): Data refer to children aged 1?2 years.
Country: Estonia
Change in definition (2008 onward): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years.
Country: Estonia
Reference period (1995 - 2008): Data refer to middle of the school year, i.e. end of calendar year.
Country: Estonia
Reference period (2009 onward): Data refer to beginning of school year.
Country: Finland
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to end of calendar year.
Country: Finland
The data include full- and part-time care in day care centres and families
Country: France
Data cover only Metropolitan France. Child care refers to child care centers and registered childminders based in their own homes. The data exclude pre-primary school, kindergartens, unregistered childminders and childminders working at home. Available places are here counted regardless of the age of the children actually using them : all of them are theorically available for 0-2 years old but some of them are in practice used for children aged 3 or more.
Country: Georgia
Change in definition (2008 - 2009): Data cover only child care organizations and refer to december.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Germany
Break in methodology (1990): Average calculated for Germany
Country: Germany
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 21.12.1991.
Country: Germany
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994.
Country: Germany
Reference period (2000): Data on places refer to 31.12.1998.
Country: Germany
Children in day care are included starting with reference year 2012/2013 according to definition of ISCED Level 010 in ISCED 2011.
Country: Hungary
Change in definition (1990 - 2007): Data for available places refer to all children enrolled including children aged 3+ years.
Data referred only to nurseries, from 2008 day care and child minding are also included.
Country: Hungary
Reference period (1990 onward): Data refer to 31 May of each year
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years in formal child-care arrangements and with registered private child-minders.
Country: Israel
Data are from registers.
Country: Italy
Change in definition (1980 - 2003): Data refer to formal child-care arrangements in public centres.
Country: Italy
Change in definition (2004 - 2012): Data refer to formal child-care arrangements, public or private.
Country: Kazakhstan
Change in definition (2001 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years enrolled in permanent pre-primary organizations functioning at least 10 months per year. Data do not cover other types of existing organizations such as seasonal kindergartens etc.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1990 - 2012): Data refer to the end of the year.
Country: Lithuania
Data refer to children aged 1-2 years. Data refer to end of calendar year
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender. Data for indicator ''Places available in child-care centres per 100 children'' refers to 0-6 group of age.
Country: Montenegro
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-2 years enrolled in pre-primary public organizations.
Country: Netherlands
Data refer to children aged 0-4 years
Country: Netherlands
1995-1996 data refer to 1996. 2000-2001 data refer to 2000, 2002-2003 data refer to 2002 etc.
Country: Norway
Data refer to end of calendar year. i.e. 2000/2001 data refer to December 2000.
Country: Poland
From 2000 onwards, data concern health care facility: nurseries and nursery wards of nursery schools. Since 2011, the data also apply to children’s club which are a new form of childcare.
Country: Poland
Reference period (from 2000 onwards): The data in the two-year period refers to the end of the calendar year mentioned in the range as earlier
Country: Portugal
Data refer to calendar year
Country: Portugal
Data cover mainland only.
Country: Romania
Break in methodlogy (2002): From 2002, reference population is the resident population
Country: Romania
Break in methodology (2010): data refer to formal child-care in public and private sector. Starting 2010 data refer to children aged 0 to less than 3 years. The reference population is the population aged 0-2 years. However in enrolled population also includes children aged 3 years and over. From 2014 data compiled according to ISCED 2011.
Country: Romania
Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data refer to formal child-care in public and private sector.
Country: Romania
Reference period (1990 - 2012): Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2009-2010 refer to 2009.
Country: Romania
Reference period (2010): Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2009-2010 refer to 2009.
Data refer to calendar year. i.e. data for 2010-2011 refer to 2010.
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (2000 - 2012): Data are given at the end of the year.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Sweden
Change in definition (1980 - onwards): Data refer to children aged 1-2 years due to longer parental leave which allows most children aged 0-1 years to be with their parents.
Country: Sweden
Reference period (2000): Before 2000/2001: data as of 31 December. From 2001: data as of 15 December.
Country: Switzerland
Data refer to children from 0 to less than 4 years.
Country: Tajikistan
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to children aged 0-3 years.
Country: Tajikistan
Reference period (2006 - 2007): Data refer to end of calendar year
Country: Ukraine
Reference period (1990 - 2014): Data refer to calendar year. For all years, data refer to children aged 0-2.
Country: United Kingdom
Change in definition (2010 - 2012): Childcare includes: Day nursery, Playgroup or Preschool, and Childminders. Childminders look after at least one child for more than 2 hours in any day
Country: United Kingdom
Reference period (2010 - 2012): Figures do not relate to the beginning of the school year but to a term-time reference week. The Survey is not carried out at the same point each year
Country: United Kingdom
Territorial change (2010 - 2012): Figures relate to England only and not the whole of the UK
Country: United States
Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to civilian, non-institutionalized population. Data refer to children enrolled in an organized care facility which includes day care centers, nursery, preschools, Federal Head Start programs, and kindergarten, grade school.
Country: United States
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources.
Definition: Data provided refer to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last three months preceding the survey over the total population of corresponding sex and age group.
A computer is defined as a multi purpose machine, a personal computer, powered by one of the major operating systems, i.e. Macintosh (Apple), Linux or Microsoft (Windows XP, NT or Vista). PDAs (handheld computers or palmtops) are included. Other equipments with embedded computing technologies, e.g. cell phones, TV sets, washing machines and dish washers are not considered as computers.
.. - data not available
Country: Armenia
Additional information (2004 - 2008): Data refer to percentage of persons using computers in households covered in Integrated household living standards survey.
Country: Armenia
For 2013-2014 data refer to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last 12 months. Since 2015, to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last three months.
Country: Belarus
Refers to computer use in the past 12 months.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2002 - 2006): Data refer to population aged 20 and over.
Data refer to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last month.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2007 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 20 and over.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Change in definition (2009): Data refer to ge groups: 16-29, 30-59, 60-74.
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (2013): Data do not refer to equipment such as mobile cellular phones , PDAs ( personal digital assistants) or TVs etc.
Country: Serbia
Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija
Country: United States
Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data do not refer to last 3 months, i.e. not time specific. Data are collected in October.

Definition: Constitutional court is the high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether or not laws that are challenged are in fact constitutional.In the case that the country does not have a separate constitutional court, data relates to the institution that has been delegated constitutional judicial authority, usually the supreme court.
General note: Reference period - any fixed date of the year.
.. - data not available
Country: Croatia
Additional information (2012 - 2013): The Croatian Constitution regulates that the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia consists of 13 judges.Due to retirement, there are 12 judges left.
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (2011): data refer to 2012.
Country: Cyprus
Government controlled area only.
Country: Estonia
2015: Figures reported are data as of 30.08.2016. Refers to justices of the Supreme court, not the full composition of the constitutional court.
Country: Germany
Change in definition (2004 - 2012): Data refer to members of constitutional court, without constitutional courts of the Federal States (Laender).
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Montenegro
Reference period (2007): Data is valid only up to September 2007.
Country: Netherlands
Reference period (2011): Data refer to April 2012.
Country: Slovakia
Data for 2014 refer to 15 March. Data for 2015 refer to 20 November.
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Data refer to members of Federal Supreme Court.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition: Persons convicted are persons found guilty by any legal body duly authorised to do so under national law, whether the conviction was later upheld or not.
.. - data not available
Country: Austria
Break in methodlogy (2000): Significantly reduced number of convictions between 1999 and 2000: the decline is due to diversion which is now applicable to adults in criminal law.
Country: Austria
Change in definition (1990): Juveniles: data refer to persons aged less than 19.
Persons, who were convicted more than once in the indicated year are multiple-counted.
Country: Austria
Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Juveniles: data refer to persons aged less than 19.
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (2000): Until 1997 data are based on the activity of the regional and district courts on penal trials of general, private and administrative character. Since 1998 the information for the activity of military courts is also included.
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (2012): Since 2012 data include activities of the Special Criminal Court.
Country: Canada
Found guilty includes guilty of the charged offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the charged offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.
Data refer to fiscal year (April 1 through March 31 of following year). 1995-2004: data do not cover all provinces and territories.
Adult is a person of age 18+ at the time of the offence. Juvenile is a person aged 12 to 17 y.o at the time of the offence.
Country: Cyprus
Data refer to the Government controlled area only.
Country: Cyprus
Includes convictions of both serious crimes (in violation of the Penal Code) and minor offences, as well as traffic violations.
Country: Czechia
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data include not only imprisonment but also e.g. fines, ban on activity, etc.
Country: Denmark
Break in methodlogy (2007): From 1980 to 2006, data refer to all persons with a decision, incl. acquitted and prosecutor dropped. From 2007, data cover only those who are convicted.
Country: Estonia
Break in methodlogy (1990): Change in laws and methodology.
Country: Finland
Break in methodlogy (2000): Offences against the Road Traffic Act carrying imprisonment as penalty were transferred to the Penal code on 1 October 1999.
Country: France
Additional information (1995 - 2002): Amnesties (part of convictions was not registered).
Country: France
Change in definition (1980 - 2012): Data include DOM-TOM.
Country: France
Provisional value (2012):
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (1990 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Germany
Territorial change (1980 - 2006): Data refer to former territory of Germany.
Country: Greece
Change in definition (1990 - 2004): Juveniles: persons aged up to 17
Country: Ireland
Change in definition (2000 - 2002): Headline Incidents only being included. Juveniles: 16 years or younger.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Convicted juvenile offenders are those tried in juvenile courts.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Convicted juvenile offenders are those tried in juvenile courts.
Data on persons charged in criminal trials conducted in courts of first instance, who were sentenced during a given year.
Since 2000 classification as adults or as juveniles was based on the following criteria, 1) The offender`age at the time crime was committed. 2)The offender`s age at time of the indictment 3)The type of court in which the trial was held.A juvenile offender is a person who meets two out of the three criteria . All other cases are considered to be adults.
Country: Israel
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Israel
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989
Country: Italy
Break in methodlogy (2000): Change in methodology and source
Country: Italy
Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refers to the convicted persons recorded in the Judicial Database
Country: Kazakhstan
Break in methodlogy (2000): Change of source as of 2000
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Netherlands
Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Data exclude persons with unknown sex and age.
Country: Poland
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Juveniles: persons aged up to 16.
Country: Poland
Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Juveniles: persons aged up to 17.
Country: Romania
Convictions is equivalent to Persons convicted because there are no data regarding final convictions.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Slovenia
Break in methodology (1995): Change in law. Break in methodology (2013): New amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act enabled the implementation of criminal proceedings and economized trials. This is reflected in the large increase of the number of convicted persons over the previous year. The number of convicted juveniles did not significantly increase during the same period – around 10%.
Country: Spain
Break in methodlogy (2008): Before 2007: different source and partial coverage.
Country: Spain
Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Juveniles: persons aged between 14 to 17 years.
Country: Spain
Change in definition (2000 - 2006): Juveniles: persons aged between 14 to 17 years.
Convicted persons are partially reported by sex.
Country: Sweden
Change in definition (1980 onwards): Data refer to number of convictions. One person can contribute with more than one conviction during a calendar year.
Includes attempts, assistance, preparation and conspiracy to commit an offence.
Country: Switzerland
Additional information (1990 - 1995): Data are not complete (Juvenile convictions are not available)
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (1990 - 2012): Only convicted persons for felonies and misdemeanours.
Country: Turkey
2005: break in series: introduction of changes in laws. 2009: break in series: change in data compilation method. Data refer to the number of sentence decisions rendered for accused persons at criminal courts in accordance with Turkish Criminal Law and special laws for 2009 and later. Total excludes judicial person, foreign national and unknown sex and age for 2009 and later.
Country: Ukraine
From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.
Country: United Kingdom
Change in definition (2008 - onwards): For total convicted persons, male and female may not add up to total because the sex is not always recorded
Country: United Kingdom
Territorial change (1980): Data refer to England and Wales only.
Country: United States
Adults: data represent felony conviction in state and federal courts. 1995: data refer to 1994.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:
Conviction is the verdict that results when a court of law finds a defendant guilty of a crime.
A serious assault is an injury whereby life could be endangered, including cases of injury involving the use of dangerous instrument. Cases where instruments are used only to threaten are excluded.
An assault refers to physical attack against the body of another person, including battery but excluding indecent assault.
A homicide is intentional or unintentional killing. Intentional homicide is a death deliberately inflicted on a person by another person, including infanticide.Non-intentional homicide is a death not deliberately inflicted on a person by another person. That includes crime of manslaughter but excludes traffic accidents that result in a death of persons. The distinction between intentional and unintentional homicide differs from country to country, as does the definition of attempted murder.
Rape is a sexual intercourse without valid consent.
Robbery is a theft of property from a person, overcoming resistance by force or threat of force.
Theft is any act of intentionally and unlawfully removing property belonging to another person (or organisation), excluding burglary.
Drug crimes are any violation involving the illicit brokerage, cultivation, delivery (on any terms whatsoever), dispatch, dispatch in transit, distribution, extraction, exportation or importation, offering for sale, preparation, production, purchase, manufacture, sale, traffic, transportation, or use of narcotic drugs.
General note: Data come from administrative data sources unless otherwise specified.
Country: Albania
Assault includes article 89, this change includes years 2013-2015. Theft includes all crimes against property and economic sphere, but excludes robbery.
Country: Austria
Break in methodlogy (2000): Significantly reduced number of convictions between 1999 and 2000: the decline is due to diversion which is now applicable to adults in criminal law.
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (2000): Until 1997 data are based on the activity of the regional and district courts on penal trials of general, private and administrative character. Since 1998 the information for the activity of military courts is also included.
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (2012): Since 2012 data include activities of the Special Criminal Court.
Country: Canada
Assault includes Level 1 Assault, Criminal Code of Canada, section 266. A common assault has been committed when an individual intentionally applies force or threatens to apply force to another person, without that person's consent. The seriousness of physical injury is what distinguishes this type of assault from other, more serious assaults. Serious assault includes assault with a weapon (Level 2, Criminal Code of Canada, section 267), aggravated assault (Level 3, Criminal Code of Canada, section 268) and other assaults (assaults against police officers, and unlawfully causing bodily harm). Homicide includes first-degree murder, second-degree murder, manslaughter and infanticide. Rape is not a recognized offence in the Criminal Code of Canada. Data reported are sexual assault (level 1), sexual assault with a weapon or bodily harm (level 2) and sexual assault aggravated (level 3). Theft includes theft over and under $5,000 as well as motor vehicle theft. Drug crime includes drug possession, trafficking, production, importing and exporting.
Data refer to a fiscal year (April 1 through March 31).
Data do not cover all provinces and territories.
Data includes persons aged 12 y.o. or older at the time of the offence.
Country: Croatia
Data refer to adults serving imprisonment sentences.
Country: Cyprus
Data refer to the Government controlled area only.
Country: Cyprus
Includes convictions of both serious crimes (in violation of the Penal Code) and minor offences, as well as traffic violations.
Country: Denmark
Change in definition (1980 - 2012): All persons with a decision, incl. acquitted and prosecutor dropped
Assault: Include serious assault and homicide
Country: Denmark
Only guilty decisions included.
Country: Estonia
Break in methodlogy (1990 - 1995): Change in laws and methodology.
Country: Estonia
Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Theft includes burglary.
Country: Finland
Break in methodology (2000): The Penal Code includes the offences against the Road Traffic Act carrying imprisonment as penalty.
Country: Finland
Data refer to offences against the Penal Code only.
Country: France
Additional information (1995 - 2002): Amnesties (part of convictions was not registered).
Country: France
Change in definition (1990 - 2011): Data are based on different classification of offences.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Germany
Territorial change (1980 - 2006): Data refer to former territory of Germany.
Country: Greece
Change in definition (1980 - 2010): Number of convictions equals to number of convicted persons (persons found definitively guilty from penal courts). Serious assault excludes fatal body injuries.
Country: Iceland
Data refer to convictions from the district courts.
Country: Ireland
2009: break in series, change in methodology.
Country: Israel
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Israel
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989
Country: Italy
Break in methodlogy (2000): Until 2000 data referred to the most serious crime. Series from 2000 to 2011 have been updated according to the new systems and calculating the convinctions instead of the persons convicted.
Country: Italy
Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Rape: convicted for misdemeanours are not included.
Country: Kazakhstan
Break in methodlogy (2000): Change of source as of 2000
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Change in definition (2000 - onwards): Data are changed concidering the definition of the robbery.
Country: Latvia
Break in methodlogy (2011): Data include fraud and misappropriation on small scale
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data for theft include burglary.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Territorial change (2004 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Montenegro
2001-2006: data refer to convicted adults. From 2007: data refer to convicted adults and juveniles. Assaults include serious assaults.
Country: Netherlands
Assaults include serious assaults. Data exclude persons with unknown sex.
Country: Norway
Until 2000: the total does not include convictions for misdemeanours, i.e. ticket fines and prosecutions conditionally dropped are not included.
Country: Poland
Data refer to adults only.
Country: Romania
Convictions is equivalent to Persons convicted because there are no data regarding final convictions.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Slovakia
Break in methodlogy (2006): Change in criminal code.
Country: Slovenia
Break in methodology (1995): Change in law. Break in methodology (2013): New amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act enabled the implementation of criminal proceedings and economized trials. This is reflected in the large increase of the number of convicted persons over the previous year. The number of convicted juveniles did not significantly increase during the same period – around 10%.
Country: Spain
Break in methodology (2007): change in source, data include only firm convictions.
Country: Spain
Total could be less than sum of convictions by type as each conviction can include different crimes.
Country: Sweden
Break in methodlogy (2005): Break in series for convictions of Rape due to changes in legislation for sexual offenses.
Country: Sweden
Statistics presented refers to conviction decisions laid down by courts (first instance county court convictions) or prosecutors (prosecutor fines or waiver of prosecution).
Sub groups for some years do not add up to the main level, due to missing data on gender.
Attempt, preparation, being an accomplice, incitement, failure to disclose and failure to prevent offences are included in respective offence category.
Drug crime does not include drug trafficking for the years 1995 and 2000. Drug trafficking is included from 2001 onwards.
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (1990 - onwards): Only convicted persons for felonies and misdemeanours.
Country: Turkey
Break in methodlogy (2009): Change in data compilation method.
Country: Turkey
Change in definition (1990 - 2010): Data includes intentional and non-intentional homicide. Theft includes burglary.
Country: Turkey
Data refer to the number of sentence decisions rendered for accused persons at criminal courts in accordance with Turkish Criminal Law and special laws for 2009 and later. Total excludes judicial person, foreign national and unknown sex for 2009 and later.
Country: Ukraine
From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.
Country: United Kingdom
Change in definition (2000 - onwards): Serious assault includes attempted murder. Rape includes attempted rape.
Country: United Kingdom
Change in definition (2008 - onwards): Male and female may not add up to total because sex is not always recorded.
Country: United Kingdom
Territorial change (2000 - onwards): Data refer to England and Wales.
Country: United States
Data represent felony convictions in State and Federal Courts. Convictions in juvenile courts are not included. Data do not distinguish between assault and serious assault.
1995: data refers to 1994.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition: A ministry is a department of a government, led by a minister. A minister (sometimes called secretary) is a politician who holds significant public office in a national cabinet and is entrusted with the management of a division of governmental activities. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch.
Core ministries include: Cabinet of Prime Minister, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Justice.
General note: Reference period: any fixed date of the year.
.. - data not available
Country: Estonia
2015: Data refers to composition after September 14, 2015. 2014: Data refers to composition between November 17, 2014 to April 9, 2015.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2004 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Israel
1990: data refer to average from 1988-1990, 1995: data refer to average from 1992-1995, 2000: data refer to average from 1999-2001.
Country: Latvia
Reference period (1990): data refer to 1991.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Additional information (1980): Data include the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Additional information (1990): Data include the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Additional information (1995 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Montenegro
Additional information (2006): Ministry for Defense was formed in 2006.
Country: Portugal
2008: data refer to 2009.
Country: Slovakia
Data for 2014 refer to 15 March. Data for 2015 refer to 20 November.
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (1980 - onwards): All the 7 ministers in Switzerland are considered as being head of a Core Ministry.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources.
Area data exclude overseas departments and territories.
For population footnotes click here.
For life expectancy footnotes click here.
For fertility rate footnotes click here.
For population by marital status footnotes click here.
For female members of parliament footnotes click here.
For female government ministers footnotes click here.
For female central bank board members footnotes click here.
For female tertiary students footnotes click here.
For economic activity rate footnotes click here.
For gender pay gap footnotes click here.
For employment growth rate footnotes click here.
For unemployment rate footnotes click here.
For youth unemployment rate footnotes click here.
For employment by economic sector footnotes click here.
For economic indicator footnotes click here.
For road accident footnotes click here.
For total length of motorways footnotes click here.
For total length of railway lines footnotes click here.
Key indicators in maps
.. - data not availableIndicatorGDP in agriculture (ISIC4 A): output approach, index, 2010=100If the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP in industry (incl. construction) (ISIC4 B-F): output approach, index, 2010=100If the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP in services (ISIC4 G-U): output approach, index, 2010=100If the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in agriculture etc. (ISIC4 A), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in industry etc. (ISIC4 B-E), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in construction (ISIC4 F), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in trade, hospitality, transport and communication (ISIC4 G-J), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in finance and business services (ISIC4 K-N), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in public administration, education and health (ISIC4 O-Q), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.GDP: in other service activities (ISIC4 R-U), output approach, per cent share of GVAIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing (ISIC Rev. 4 A), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in industry and energy (ISIC Rev. 4 B-E), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in construction (ISIC Rev. 4 F), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in trade, hotels, restaurants, transport and communications (ISIC Rev. 4 G-J), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in finance, real estate and business services (ISIC Rev. 4 K-N), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in public administration, education and health (ISIC Rev. 4 O-Q), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.Employment in other service activities (ISIC Rev. 4 R-U), share of total employmentIf the country has not yet provided data according to ISIC 4, you may find the data according to ISIC 3.1 in more detailed tables under the Economy section of the database.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:
Couple: A couple is defined as a man and woman living as a married couple, a registered couple or a couple who lives in a consensual union. Two persons are considered as partners in a consensual union when they have usual residence in the same household, are not married to each other and have a marriage-like relationship to each other.
Data refer to couples where both partners are in the age range 25-49. Data are reported according to the age of the youngest child of the couple. Children living outside the household are not considered.
Part-time/full-time: A part-time worker is an employed person whose normal hours of work are less than those of comparable full-time workers. In most countries, the distinction between part-time and full-time work is based on self-declaration. In a few countries, work is defined as part-time when the hours usually worked are below a fixed threshold.
Not working: Both inactive and unemployed persons are considered as not working.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Country: Austria
Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure.
Country: Austria
Change in definition (1980): Data refer to the livelihood concept
Country: Austria
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1984
Country: Austria
Data below the threshold of 3 000 persons are not published, while caution should be taken in interpreting data below the threshold of 6 000 persons.
Country: Belgium
Break in methodology (2012): From 2012, data explicitely include couples living in a consensual union.
Country: Belgium
Change in definition (2005 - 2015): A child is considered as a person below 17 who lives in the household whatever the relation to the reference person may be.
Country: Canada
Data refer to women aged 25-49 and men aged 15+. Data for No child refers to no child under the age of 16. Child aged more than 6 refers to child aged 6 to 15. Data are annual averages.
Country: Canada
Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk)
Country: Croatia
Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years.
Country: Denmark
Change in definition (1980 - 2006): Data do not cover couples where one or both members are self employed
Country: Denmark
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1986
Country: Finland
Data do not include children aged 17+. Data for child aged more than 6 refers to child aged more than 7 and child aged up to 6 refers to child aged 0-6 years (including 6).
Country: France
Reference area: Metropolitan France.
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures.
Country: Greece
Data refer to annual averages.
Country: Hungary
Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data refer to couples where both members are in the age range 15-74. Women not working include also those on maternity leave. Couples with youngest child aged 6 refer to couples with youngest child aged 6-16.
Country: Hungary
Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data refer to 2nd Quarter of each year.
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (1995): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition: from 2000 data for All couples include homosexual couples and couples where one partner is working but with unknown working hours. Child aged up to 6 refers to child under the age of 5. Child aged more than 6 refers to child aged 5 to 17.
Country: Israel
Territorial change (1995 onwards): Data do not cover couples living in kibbutzim, in institutions and living outside localities (Bedouins in the South and others)
Country: Italy
Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey).
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2010 - 2012): Couples with youngest child aged 6 and above&
39; - youngest child aged 6-16 years.
Country: Luxembourg
Change in definition (2001): Data do not include couples (with or without children) living with other persons. Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more per week, part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
Country: Portugal
Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Estimates below 2 250 individuals are not shown due to high coefficients of variation.
Country: Romania
Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results.
Country: Romania
Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995.
Country: Spain
Data refer only to children of the reference person in the household. Data are annual average of the four quarters of the year. Data include persons working abroad as full time workers.
Country: Sweden
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2010): From 2010, data based on sample survey of the resident permanent population 15 years and older (part of the annual combined census). Before 2000, data based on traditional census (full field enumeration). Data for 2010 and onwards are not fully comparable with those of 2000 and earlier.
Country: Switzerland
From 2010 onwards the sum of the data for the different work patterns of couples does not equal the total of all couples (the sum of the percentage isn’t equal to 100%) because of missing data.
Country: United Kingdom
Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data refer to &
39;couple families&
39; and not &
39;couple households&
39;.
Country: United States
Data refer to married couples aged 16+.
Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more per week, part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Division Database, compiled from national and international (WHO European health for all database) official sources.
Definitions:
The (age-) standardized death rate (SDR) is a weighted average of age-specific mortality rates per 100 000 population. The weighting factor is the age distribution of a standard reference population. The standard reference population used is the European standard population as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO). As method for standardisation, the direct method is applied. As most causes of death vary significantly with age and sex, the use of standardised death rates improves comparability over time and between countries.
Death refers to the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after a live birth has taken place (post-natal cessation of vital functions without capability of resuscitation). This definition therefore excludes foetal deaths.
Causes of death (CoD) are all diseases, morbid conditions or injuries that either resulted in or contributed to death, and the circumstances of the accident or violence that produced any such injuries. Symptoms or modes of dying, such as heart failure or asthenia, are not considered to be causes of death for vital statistics purposes.
General note:: Diseases and external causes of death are coded differently in different versions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). For many diseases it is not possible to identify codes in different classification systems that would correspond precisely to the same disease or groups of diseases. Often the change in the trend of a certain cause-specific mortality rate may be the result of a changing ICD version or national death certification and coding practices, rather than an actual change in the mortality.
It should be noted that mortality rates for some countries may be biased due to the under-registration of death cases.
The basic principle of selection of the 17 CoD for presentation in the UNECE Gender Database is to include one main SDR for each of the ICD chapters and also to focus on some of the leading CoD across the European Region and some specific causes with high gender differences.
ICD versionCountries9.3 - ICD-9 3-digit codes Albania, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 9.4 - ICD-9 4-digit or mixture of 3- and 4-digit codesGreece9.5 - ICD-9 BTL codes (in most countries actually original ICD-9 codes were used but the data later were converted by WHO into BTL codes) Bosnia and Herzegovina10.1 - ICD-10 mortality tabulation condensed list No1 (103 causes) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Ukraine10.3 - ICD-10 3-digit codes Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Uzbekistan10.4 - ICD-10 4-digit or mixture of 3- and 4-digit codes Austria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States 1.75 - Special tabulation list of 175 causes used in some ex-USSR countries Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
Link to International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision
Country: Canada
Data on accidents include sequelae of transport and other accidents.
Data on transport accidents include sequelae of transport accidents.
Data on suicide and intentional self-harm include sequelae of intentional self-harm.
Country: United States
Data on accidents include sequelae of transport and other accidents.
Data on transport accidents include sequelae of transport accidents.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition: The economically inactive population includes all the persons who are not part of the labour force, i.e. are neither employed nor unemployed.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), unless otherwise specified.
Data are shown in thousands.
Country: Armenia
For the period of 1995-2006 data are based on integrated data received from various sources.
Break in methodlogy (2007, 2014): from 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Break in series (2008): 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75. Since 2008, application of ILO methodology, data cover population aged 15-75.
Country: Austria
Data below the threshold of 3 000 persons are not published, while caution should be taken in interpreting data below the threshold of 6 000 persons.
Country: Austria
Break in methodology (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure.
Country: Bulgaria
Change in definition (1990): Data for &
39;Other reasons, including sickness&
39; include persons who are inactive for personal or family reasons.
Country: Bulgaria
Change in definition (1995 - 2002): Data for &
39;Other reasons, including sickness&
39; include persons who are inactive for personal or family reasons.
Data refer to June and include persons on compolsory military service
Country: Bulgaria
Change in definition (2003 - 2012): Data for &
39;Other reasons, including sickness&
39; include persons who are inactive for personal or family reasons.
Data are annual averages and exclude persons on compulsory military service.
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1993
Country: Bulgaria
Data below the threshold of 4 000 persons are not reliable due to small sample sizes and are not published.
Country: Canada
Data for Study, Retirement and Home-making include only persons who have left their jobs within the last 12 months. All other inactive persons are included in the category Other reasons, including sickness.
Country: Canada
Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ).
Country: Croatia
Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years.
Country: Cyprus
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data cover government controlled area.
Country: Czechia
From 2010 a new variable covers retired persons. This creates differences in sum of reasons to total reasons.
Country: Denmark
Break in methodlogy (2009): Beark in series due to change in sources
Country: Estonia
Data for age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74.
Country: Finland
Change in definition (1990 - 2006): Data for age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74. Data for ?Home-making? include persons who take care of own children or other dependants.
Data for ?Other reasons, including sickness? include disability and other reasons.
Data for inactive persons aged 65+ were all classified as retired.
Country: Finland
Change in definition (2007 onward): Data for age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74. Data for ?Home-making? include persons who take care of own children or other dependants.
Data for ?Other reasons, including sickness? include disability and other reasons.
Country: France
Data cover only Metropolitan France.
Country: Georgia
Change in definition (2008 onward): Inactive persons: homemaker - also includes a man who looks after infants or disabled persons
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures.
Country: Greece
Data refer to annual averages.
Country: Hungary
Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data for age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74. Data on ?Home-making? category include persons on parental leave. Data on ?Other reasons, including sickness? include permanently disabled persons.
Country: Iceland
Break in methodology (2003): Break in series because of change to continuous survey every week of the year.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (1990 onward): The survey sample covered population aged 16 to 74.
Country: Iceland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991.
Country: Ireland
Inactive according to ILO criteria classified by PES
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (1995): From 1995, 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2000): From 2000, changes in the questionnaire (Highest Diploma Received, Discouraged Workers, Employees hired through employment agencies or employment contractors); See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_e_changes.pdf
Country: Italy
Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey).
Country: Kyrgyzstan
2003: break in series: change in methodology.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2002 - 2012): Age group 15+ refers to 15-74; age group 65+ refers to 65-74.
Country: Latvia
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996.
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1980): Data refers to year 1983
Country: Malta
Some data not shown due to lack of reliability.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Netherlands
All inactive persons aged 65+ were categorized as retired through 2013, but are included in other categories from 2014.
Country: Norway
Data for age group 15-64 refers to 15-66; age group 25-49 refers to 25-54; age group 50-64 refers to 55-66; age group 65+ refers to 55-74 and age group 15+ refers to 15-74. Data for ?Retirement? include early retirement and disabled persons.
Country: Poland
Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months).
Country: Portugal
Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Estimates below 4 500 individuals are not shown due to high coefficients of variation.
Country: Romania
Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results.
Country: Romania
Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Country: Russian Federation
Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Slovenia
Some data not shown due to low reliability.
Country: Spain
Data for age group 15+ refers to 16+; age group 15-24 refers to 16-24 and age group 15-64 refers to 16-64. Data are annual average of the four quarters of the year.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (1990 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter
Country: Switzerland
Some data were deleted as unreliable
Country: Turkey
Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS.
Country: Turkey
Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.
Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Economicaly active population include persons aged 15-70, who can not be classified as "employed" and "unemployed".
Country: Ukraine
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.
Country: United Kingdom
Some data were deleted as unreliable

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:Educational attainment is defined as the highest level successfully completed by the person, in the educational system of the country where the education was received. The levels of education are defined according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED):
- Primary: ISCED level 1
- Lower secondary: ISCED level 2
- Upper and post secondary non-tertiary: ISCED levels 3-4
- Tertiary: ISCED 1997 levels 5-6 or ISCED 2011 levels 5-8.
In this table the upper secondary level includes post-secondary non-tertiary education.
For most countries the transition from ISCED 1997 to ISCED 2011 is from the scool year 2013-2014. For more details see Country Footnotes.
.. - data not available
Country: Armenia
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Level of education ?not stated? includes population without education attainment.
Country: Armenia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979
Country: Armenia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989
Country: Austria
Break in methodology (2004): In 2014 a new weighting procedure for the LFS was introduced. Following this change in the weighting procedure, data was revised back to 2004.
Country: Austria
ISCED-11 (2014 onwards): Break in series due to the reclassification of a programme spanning levels: the qualification acquired upon successful completion of higher technical and vocational colleges is allocated in ISCED 2011 to ISCED level 5; under ISCED 1997 the same qualification was reported on ISCED level 4, but earmarked as equivalent to tertiary education
Country: Austria
Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data before 2000 do not comply with ISCED97 as regards distinction between upper secondary and tertiary. ISCED97 5B mainly included in Upper Secondary.
Country: Austria
Change in definition (2004 - 2015): Data include ISCED Level 3c short in lower secondary level.
Country: Azerbaijan
Reference period (1980 - 2013): Data refer to end of year.
Country: Belarus
Additional information (1990 - 2013): Total includes population without education.
Country: Belarus
Break in methodlogy (1990): Data refer to 1989 census
Country: Belarus
Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 census
Country: Belgium
2010: break in series: change in methodology.
Measurement: Persons , Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Population by educational attainment, educational level not stated refers to the population with no primary schooling and some primary.
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (1980): Data are from 1985 census
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (1990): Data are from 1992 census
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (2001): Data are from 2001 census
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1995 - 2002): Data refer to June of respective year
Country: Canada
Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data cover non-institutionalized population in the 10 provinces, i.e. excluding the three Territories.
Country: Croatia
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to population with permanent residence irrespective of actual residence and duration.
"Education level-not stated" comprises persons with unknown education level as well as persons with no school at all.
Country: Croatia
Change in definition (2001 - 2013): "Education level-not stated" comprises persons with unknown education level as well as persons with no school at all.
Country: Croatia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Croatia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Cyprus
Change in definition (1990): Lower secondary level is included in upper secondary level
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1992
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only government controlled area
Country: Cyprus
From 2014, data compiled using ISCED 2011 classification.
Country: Cyprus
From 2000, persons who have not attended or finished primary education also included in primary education level.
Country: Estonia
Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data are from censuses and refer to population aged 25+
Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education.
Country: Estonia
Change in definition (2001 - 2013): Age group 25+ refers to 25-74, age group 50+ refers to 50-74.
Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education.
Country: Estonia
Change in definition (2012): Data is from census 2011. Data refer to 31.december 2011
Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education.
Country: Estonia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979
Country: Estonia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989
Country: Finland
Data for lower secondary level include primary level.
Country: Georgia
Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Level of education ?not stated? includes population without education attainment
Country: Georgia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979
Country: Georgia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989
Country: Germany
Data from 1990 to 1998 are classified according to ISCED-76, data from 1999 to 2013 according to ISCED 97, data from 2014 on are classified according to ISCED 2011.
Country: Greece
Break in methodology (2000): From 2000, data refer to population residing in private households
Country: Greece
Change in definition (2001 - 2013): "Primary" includes also persons that did not completed ISCED 1 programs
Country: Greece
Data refer to annual averages. From 2014, estimates use ISCED-2011 classification.
Country: Hungary
Break in methodlogy (1995): Before 1995, data are from population censuses. From 2000, from
Country: Hungary
Change in definition (2000 - 2008): Data refer to population aged 25-74.
Country: Iceland
Break in methodology (2003): Change in data collection procedure. Data classified according to ISCED 2011.
Country: Iceland
Reference period (1990): 1990 refers to 1991
Country: Ireland
From 2000, data refer to age group 25-64. From 2014, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011. As a result data breakdown by education level not fully comparable with previous years.
Country: Ireland
Reference period (1980): Data refer to1981
Country: Ireland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Ireland
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method.
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates.
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS.
Country: Israel
From 2012, using ISCED-2011. Totals include population by educational attainment, pre-primary.
Country: Italy
Break in methodology (2004): Change in data collection procedure. From 2014, data classified by ISCED 2011.
Country: Italy
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 Census
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Break in methodlogy (2009): Data refer to 2009 Census
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Census
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Population aged 15+.
Data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 1997 classification.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2002 onward): Population 15-74 age group. For 2002-2013, data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 1997 classification. From 2014, data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 2011 classification.
Country: Latvia
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996
Country: Luxembourg
Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data for age group 25+ refer to 25-74.
Country: Luxembourg
Break in methodlogy (2003): Switch from a face-to-face to a telephone survey
Country: Luxembourg
Break in methodlogy (2009): Random Digit Dialing has replaced the register-based sampling
Country: Luxembourg
Change in definition (1990 - 2012): The categroy `Lower secodnary` also includes persons who have at most attained the primary level
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Country: Malta
Some data not shown due to lack of reliability.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Netherlands
Since 2003, ''Primary'' includes also ISCED level 0 (persons who have not successfully completed ISCED 1 programs).
Country: Norway
Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007, the results of a survey on education completed abroad before immigration to Norway is included. As a result , the proportion of &
39;educational level not stated&
39; was reduced. All data compiled according ISCED 2011.
Country: Poland
Change in definition (1990 - 2002): Upper secondary level includes lower secondary level.
Country: Poland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1988
Country: Portugal
Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Data from 2014 onward are compiled according to ISCED-2011. Data for ''educational level not stated'' refer to individuals who have not successfully completed ISCED level 1.
Country: Romania
Break in methodology (2002): Data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Starting with year 2014 educational attainment collected according to ISCED 2011. Educational level not stated includes persons without any formal education graduated.
Country: Serbia
Data for education level not stated include population without education attainment.
Country: Slovakia
Change in definition (1995): data for total of education levels include only secondary and tertiary levels.
Country: Slovakia
Change in definition (2001 - 2011): data on primary education according to ISCED 97, level 1 is not available
Country: Slovenia
From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011 and persons with ISCED level 0 are excluded.
Country: Spain
Data are annual averages of the four quarters of the year. From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011
Country: Sweden
Break in methodlogy (2002): Quality improvement and change in classification from ISCED 1976 to ISCED 1997.
Country: Sweden
Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 25-74
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2010): Major changes in data collection procedures (quaterly data instead of annual data).
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (1990 - 2001): Lower sedondary education includes primary education
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (2002): Change in definition of educational attainment levels
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Switzerland
Since 2014, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011
Country: United States
Change in definition (1980): Primary refers to grades 5-8, Lower Secondary refers to grade 9 in High School, no diploma, Upper Secondary refers to High School, college graduate, Tertiary refers to people who have completed Associate&
39;s degree through Doctorate degree, Not stated refers to people who didn&
39;t complete any schooling through 4th grade.
Data based on completed schooling years.
Country: United States
Change in definition (1990 - 2015): Primary refers to grades 5-8, Lower Secondary refers to grade 9 in High School, no diploma, Upper Secondary refers to High School, college graduate, Tertiary refers to people who have completed Associate`s degree through Doctorate degree, Not stated refers to people who did not complete any schooling through 4th grade.
Data based on degrees.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (EUROSTAT, OECD, CIS) official sources.
Definition:Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote.
Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series.
Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note.
Country: Albania
Employment: end of period.
Country: Armenia
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Azerbaijan
Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh.
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Employment:LFS - based.
Country: Croatia
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: France
Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM).
Country: Georgia
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: Register-based.
Country: Israel
Employment: LFS-based.
Designation and data provided by Israel.
The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.
Country: Kazakhstan
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Lithuania
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria.
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Romania
Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates.
Country: Russian Federation
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS-based.
Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.
Country: Serbia
Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija.
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Turkey
Employment: Annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based.
Country: Ukraine
Employment: LFS-based.
Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (EUROSTAT, OECD, CIS) official sources.
Definition:Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote.
Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series.
Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note.
Country: Albania
Employment: end of period.
Country: Armenia
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Azerbaijan
Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh.
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Employment:LFS - based.
Country: Croatia
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: France
Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM).
Country: Georgia
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: Register-based.
Country: Iceland
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Israel
Employment: LFS-based.
Designation and data provided by Israel.
The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.
Country: Kazakhstan
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Lithuania
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria.
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Romania
Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates.
Country: Russian Federation
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS-based.
Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.
Country: Serbia
Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija.
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Turkey
Employment: Annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based.
Country: Ukraine
Employment: LFS-based.
Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (EUROSTAT, OECD, CIS) official sources.
Definition:Employment, as referred to the System of National Accounts 1993, covers all persons - both employees and self-employed - engaged in a productive activity that falls within the production boundary of the system. It includes both the residents and the non-residents who work for resident producer units. In case of deviation, the actual definition is provided in the country footnote.
Employment data provided in this table generally differ from employment data provided in Gender Statistics, which cover only residents.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series. As a result, absolute figures presented in this table may differ from those published by National Statistical Offices and should be taken with caution. However, the derived growth rates correspond to the originally reported series.
Regional aggregates are computed by UNECE secretariat. For more details see the composition of regions note.
Country: Albania
Employment: end of period.
Country: Armenia
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Azerbaijan
Geographical coverage: excludes Nagorno-Karabakh.
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Employment:LFS - based.
Country: Croatia
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: France
Geographical Coverage: Data for France include the overseas departments (DOM).
Country: Georgia
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: Register-based.
Country: Iceland
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: Israel
Employment: LFS-based.
Designation and data provided by Israel.
The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.
Country: Kazakhstan
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria.
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Romania
Employment: LFS-based. For the years 1990-2001 UNECE estimates.
Country: Russian Federation
Population: Number of population for the latest year refers to the beginning of the year, not to an annual average as usually.
Employment: LFS-based.
Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.
Country: Serbia
Geographical Coverage: from 1999, excludes Kosovo and Metohija.
Employment: LFS - based.
Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Employment: LFS-based.
Country: Turkey
Employment: Annual breakdowns by activity and quarterly data are LFS-based.
Country: Ukraine
Employment: LFS-based.
Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not includes all territory of Ukraine.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources.
Definition:
The employed are all the residents above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:
(a) paid employment:
(a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;
(a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job;
(b) self-employment:
(b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;
(b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
Part-time/full-time: A part-time worker is an employed person whose normal hours of work are less than those of comparable full-time workers. In most countries, the distinction between part-time and full-time work is based on self-declaration. In a few countries, work is defined as part-time when the hours usually worked are below a fixed threshold.
Data for EU-27, Croatia, Iceland, Norway, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey from the year 2008 corresponds to the NACE rev 2, before 2008 data is according to the NACE rev1.1.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
2007-2012: Part-time worker refers to an employed person whose usual hours of work are less than 35 hours/week.
Country: Albania
2013-2015: Distinction between part-time and full-time workers is based on worker self-identification.
Country: Armenia
Break in methodlogy (2008): 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75. Since 2008 data refer to population aged 15-75.
Break in methodlogy (2014): From 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Country: Belarus
2014: changes in methodology
Country: France
Since 2014 data include also the French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, La Reunion) with the exception of Mayotte.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2002 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (1980): Data refers to population 14+.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years. Underemployment - the person who work less than 30 hours in the surveyed week
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Country: Russian Federation
Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Ukraine
From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.
Country: Ukraine
Data do not cover the persons who are still living in the area of Chernobyl contaminated with radioactive material.
Data do not cover the persons who are living in institutions and those who are working in the army.
Data refer to the population aged 15-70.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources.
Definition:
The employed are all the persons above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:
(a) paid employment:
(a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;
(a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job;
(b) self-employment:
(b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;
(b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
The occupation groups correspond to first-level categories in the 2008 version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). For the EU and EFTA member-states the year of transition to ISCO-08 is 2011, for other countries please see Country footnotes.
The level of education is the highest level successfully completed in the educational system of the country where the education is received. The levels are defined with reference to the International Standard Classifications of Education ISCED 1997 and ISCED 2011. For the EU and EFTA member-states the levels of education are classified according to ISCED 2011 from 2014. For other countries please see Country footnotes.
The transition from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 and from ISCED 1997 to ISCED 2011 could entail a break in time series.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.
.. - data not available
Country: Armenia
Data for 2001 are from Population Census. Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Country: Azerbaijan
Data compiled according to ISCO-08.
Country: Belarus
Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 Population Census.
Measurement: Employment (thousands) , Country: Belarus
Data compiled according to ISCO-88
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total of both sexes , Country: Belarus
Data compiled according to ISCO-88
Measurement: Employment (thousands) , Country: Belarus
Parts by education level may not add up due to the persons who did not indicate their levels of education
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total of both sexes , Country: Belarus
Parts by education level may not add up due to the persons who did not indicate their levels of education
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
From 2006 to 2014 data compiled using ISCED 97, from 2015 using ISCED 11.
Country: Canada
Change in definition (1990 onwards): Data are annual averages. Cells with 0 are estimates with less than 1,500 employed.
Country: Canada
Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk )
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012):1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Changes in the questionnaire (Highest Diploma Received, Discouraged Workers, Employees hired through employment agencies or employment contractors); See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_e_changes.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2013): Changes in the Standard Classification of Occupations based on ISCO-08; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications12/occupations_class11/pd--f/draft_h.pdf (draft, Hebrew only)
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years
Country: Russian Federation
Territorial change (2000 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. From 2013 data compiled according to ISCO-08.
Country: Turkey
Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS.
Country: Turkey
Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.
Country: Turkey
Until 2012, all occupations were coded according to ISCO-88. Since 2013, all occupations have been coded according to ISCO-08.
Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Distribution by institutional sectors of the economy based on the assessment carried out in accordance with the National Classification of Occupations developed on the basis of ISCO 88.
Country: Ukraine
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.
Country: United States
Data for occupation refer to population 15+ and who have worked in the past 5 years. Data do not cover the armed forces.
Occupation is classified according to the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 2000 manual (www.bls.gov/soc).
For individuals with two or more jobs, data refer to the job having the greatest number of hours.
For unemployed persons and persons who are not currently employed but report having a job within the last five years, data refer to their last job.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources.
Definition:
The employed are all the residents above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:
(a) paid employment:
(a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;
(a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job;
(b) self-employment:
(b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;
(b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
The occupation groups correspond to first-level categories in the 2008 version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08).
For the EU and EFTA member-states the year of transition from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 is 2011. For other countries please see Country footnotes. The transition to ISCO-08 could entail a break in time series.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
From 2010 occupational groups according to ISCO-08.
Country: Armenia
Break in methodlogy (2014): since 2014 data refer to the population aged 15-75 and are based on the Labour Force Survey.2001: data come from Population Census.
Country: Azerbaijan
Data compiled according to ISCO-08.
Country: Azerbaijan
Data are based on administrative registers.
Country: Belarus
Data compiled according to ISCO-88
Country: Belarus
2000 : data refer to 1999 and come from Population Census.
Country: Belgium
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
From year 2006 to 2010 data compiling using ISCO 88, from 2011 using ISCO 08.
Country: Bulgaria
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: Canada
Change in definition (1990 onwards): Data are annual averages. Cells with 0 are estimates with less than 1,500 employed.
Country: Canada
Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk )
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Estonia
1990 and 1995 : data refer to the population aged 15-69. From 2000 : data refer to the population aged 15-74.
Country: Finland
Data refer to the population aged 15-74.
Country: France
Since 2014, data include also the French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, La Reunion), with the exception of Mayotte.
Country: Georgia
Data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Country: Germany
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Iceland
Data refer to the population aged 16-74.
1990 : data refer to 1991.
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Changes in the questionnaire (Highest Diploma Received, Discouraged Workers, Employees hired through employment agencies or employment contractors); See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_e_changes.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2013): Changes in the Standard Classification of Occupations based on ISCO-08; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications12/occupations_class11/pd--f/draft_h.pdf (draft, Hebrew only)
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Up to 2015 ISCO-88 has been used
Country: Latvia
1995 : data refer to 1996.
Country: Lithuania
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Portugal
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years
Country: Russian Federation
Territorial change (1995 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. Starting in 2013 data compiled according ISCO-08.
Country: Slovakia
1995 : the persons working in the armed forces are counted in the other groups.
Country: Sweden
Data refer to the population aged 16-64.
Country: Switzerland
1990 : data refer to 1991.
Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Distribution by institutional sectors of the economy based on the assessment carried out in accordance with the National Classification of Occupations developed on the basis of ISCO 88.
Country: Ukraine
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.
Country: United Kingdom
Data refer to the population aged 16+.
Country: United States
Data refer to the population aged 16+.
Data do not cover the armed forces.
Occupation groups : 'Professionals' includes 'Technicians and associate professionals'; 'Craft and related workers' includes 'Plant machine operators and assemblers'.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:
The employed are all the persons above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:
(a) paid employment:
(a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;
(a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job;
(b) self-employment:
(b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;
(b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
The private sector covers private corporations (including those in foreign control), households and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISHs).
The public sector covers all sub-sectors of general government (mainly central, state and local government units, together with social security funds imposed and controlled by those units) and public corporations, i.e. corporations which are subject to control by government units (usually defined by the government owning the majority of shares).
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.
.. - data not available
Country: Armenia
2007 data refer to population aged 16-75.
Break in methodlogy (2008): since 2008 data refer to population aged 15-75.
Break in methodlogy(2001, 2002): For the periods of 1980-2000 and 2002-2006 data on employment are based on integrated data received from various sources. For 2001 data are from Population Census.
Break in methodlogy (2007): From 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards.
Break in methodlogy (2014): Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Country: Austria
Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure.
Country: Azerbaijan
Data are based on Population Census, establishment survey and registers
Country: Belarus
Data are based on administrative registers. Data for private sector include corporations with mixed ownership.
2010: changes in methodology
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Additional information (1990 - 2008): Data are based on administrative records and related sources
Country: Bulgaria
Change in definition (2003 - 2012): Annual average data
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1993 (September).
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1995 - 2002): Data refer to June of the corresponding year
Country: Canada
Data for not stated refers to self-employed.
Country: Croatia
Data given for 2009 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years.
Country: Cyprus
Change in definition (1980 - 2008): Data refer to full-time equivalent (FTE) employment. Data are based on official estimates
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Cyprus
Territorial change (1980 - 2008): Data cover the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus
Country: Czechia
Break in methodlogy (1990 - 2008): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers
Country: Denmark
Data are based on administrative records and related sources
Country: France
Reference area: Metropolitan France
Country: France
Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers
Country: Georgia
Data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Country: Germany
Additional information (1995 - 2007): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers
Country: Greece
Data refer to annual averages.
Country: Hungary
Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers.
Private sector : data include corporations with mixed ownership.
Country: Ireland
Data are based on administrative registers.
2008 : break in series due to change in methodology. The series previously published up to 2008 was derived from the Quarterly Public Sector inquiry (QPI). The data from 2008,2009 and 2010 is now generated from the Earnings,Hours and Employment Cost Survey (EHECS)There are different methodologies used in both.They are as follows: The QPI was data generated from one reference period in the quarter.The EHECS survey is an average over the full quarter. The QPI had some whole time equivalents in the data ,EHECS uses a head count. The data from EHECS will therefore be higher
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2000 - 2008): Data on public sector refer to General Government only.
Country: Italy
Additional information (1990 - 2008): Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Additional information (1995 - onwards): Data for private sector are obtained by subtracting the number of employed in public sector from the total number of employed.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Data refer to the population aged 15+.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2002 - 2012): Data refer to the population aged 15-74.
Country: Latvia
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996.
Country: Luxembourg
Change in definition (1990 - 2008): There is no sector variable in the LFS. The public sector is defined as the sum of the NACE rev1 sections L and M
Country: Luxembourg
Change in definition (2009 - 2012): There is no sector variable in the LFS. The public sector is defined as the sum of the NACE rev2 sections O and P
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1983
Country: Poland
Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months).
Country: Romania
Mixed sector - included in ''private sector'' for years 2007 onward; for year 1995-2006 mixed sector is included in the ''sector not stated'' row. Break in series starting with year 2009. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For years 2009-2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results.
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Slovakia
Data are based on Labour Force Survey, enterprise survey and registers.
Country: Slovenia
Data come from the Slovenian Statistical Register of Employment and cover persons who hold paid employment, self-empoyed persons who have compulsory social insurance and trainees. Data do not cover persons working abroad.
Country: Sweden
Break in methodlogy (2004 - 2005): For "Employment Public/private sector not stated" persons working abroad are included in 2005 and forward but seen as outside the labor force in 2004 and before.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Sector not stated : data include trainees.
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (2000 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter
Country: Tajikistan
Change in definition (2004): Data include working migrants
Country: Turkey
Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.
Country: Ukraine
From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.
Country: Ukraine
For 2000-2011 data compiled according ISIC 3 Rev.1, since 2012 ISIC 4 is in use
Country: Ukraine
Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources.
Definition:
The employed are all the residents above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:
(a) paid employment:
(a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;
(a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job;
(b) self-employment:
(b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;
(b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
The breakdown by kind of economic activity is grouped into 3 categories. Agriculture includes agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing (ISIC Rev.3.1 Sections A-B or ISIC Rev.4 Section A). Industry includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply, and construction (ISIC Rev.3.1 Sections C-F or ISIC Rev.4 Sections B-F ). Services comprise all other economic activities (ISIC Rev.3.1 Sections G-Q or ISIC Rev.4 Sections G-U).
Total employment provided in this table generally differ from total employment provided in Economic Statistics, which cover both residents and non-residents (according to the System of National Accounts 1993).
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified in country footnotes. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
Break in methodology (1980): from 1990 to 2006, data are based on administrative registers with sector breakdown according of NACE rev 1.1
Country: Albania
Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007 data are based on the Labour Force Survey. Sectors broken down according to NACE rev 1.1 (2007-2014) and NACE rev since 2015.
Country: Armenia
Break in methodlogy (2007, 2014): For the period of 1980-2000 and 2002-2006 data on employment are based on integrated data received from various sources. From 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards. Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Country: Armenia
Break in methodlogy (2008): Data for 2007 refer to the age group 16-75. Since 2008 data refer to the age group 15-75.
Country: Austria
1980-1990 : data refer to national definition (Life Subsistence Concept). From 1995 : data comply with ILO definition.
Country: Azerbaijan
Official estimates.
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Belarus
Data refer to the national classification. Services include construction.
Country: Belgium
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
From year 2006 to 2011, data compiled using ISIC Rev 3.1, from 2012 using ISIC Rev 4.
Country: Bulgaria
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: Canada
Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ).
Country: Croatia
1995 : data refer to 1996.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Denmark
1980 : data refer to 1982.
Country: Estonia
1990-1995 : data refer to the population aged 15-69. From 2000 : data refer to the population aged 15-74.
Country: Finland
Data refer to the population aged 15-74.
Country: France
Data do not cover overseas departments (DOM).
Country: Georgia
Break in methodology (1980 - 1995): Data are based on administrative registers
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (1995 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region
Country: Germany
1980 : data refer to 1983.
From 1991 : data cover former German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
Country: Hungary
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Iceland
1980 : data refer to 1981 and are based on administrative registers. 1990 : data refer to 1991.
1980 : data refer to the population aged 15-74. From 1990 : data refer to the population aged 16-74.
Country: Ireland
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2013): Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities based on ISIC Rev.4; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications12/economic_activities11/--pdf/e_print.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (1995): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2003): Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities 2003, which mainly involved expanding the classification of high-tech industries; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_int_g.pdf
Country: Italy
1980 : data refer to 1983.
1980-1990 : data refer to the economically active population aged 14+, which includes the persons who have been seeking employment in the last 6 months. From 1995 : data refer to the economically active population aged 15+, which includes the persons who have been seeking employment in the last 30 days.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996
Country: Latvia
1995 : data refer to 1996.
Country: Lithuania
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: Luxembourg
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Netherlands
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Poland
1990 : official estimates based on administrative registers.
Country: Romania
1995 : data refer to the population aged 14+.
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (2000 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years
Country: Russian Federation
Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Sweden
Data refer to the population aged 16-64.
Country: Turkey
Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS.
Country: Turkey
Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.
Country: Turkey
Up to 2008, economic activities in labour force survey (LFS) were coded by NACE Rev 1. From 2009 onwards, NACE Rev 2 has been used.
Country: Ukraine
For 2000-2011 data compiled according ISIC 3 Rev.1, since 2012 ISIC 4 is in use
Country: Ukraine
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.
Country: United Kingdom
Data refer to the population aged 16+.
Country: United States
Data refer to the population aged 16+.
Agriculture excludes forestry and fishing.
Country: Uzbekistan
Services include construction

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources.
Definition:
The status of employment is defined with reference to the distinction between 'paid employment' and 'self-employment' jobs. Workers holding paid-employment jobs have explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts which give them a basic remuneration which is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Self-employment jobs are jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced.
Employees are all the workers who hold paid employment jobs.
Employers are workers who hold self-employment jobs and have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them in their business as employees.
Own-account workers are workers who hold self-employment jobs and have not engaged, on a continuous basis, any employees to work for them during the reference period.
Members of producers cooperatives are workers who hold self-employment jobs in a cooperative producing goods and services, in which each member takes part on an equal footing with other members in determining the organisation of production, sales and/or other work of the establishment, the investments and the distribution of the proceeds of the establishment amongst their members.
Family workers are workers who hold self-employment jobs in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
For additional information, see the International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-93).
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.
.. - data not available
Country: Austria
1980-1990 : data refer to national definition (Life Subsistence Concept).
1980 : data on employers include own-account workers and family workers. 1990 : data on employers include own-account workers.
Country: Azerbaijan
Data are based on Population Census and administrative registers.
Country: Belarus
Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 Population Census.
Country: Belarus
2009: data are from the Population Census. Parts do not equal the totals due to employed persons not indicated their status in employment.
Country: Belgium
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Estimates for family workers are less reliable in 2014-2015.
Country: Bulgaria
1990 : data refer to 1993.
Data on own-account workers include members of producers cooperatives.
Country: Croatia
1995 : data refer to 1996.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Czechia
From 2002 : data on own-account workers include members of producers cooperatives.
Country: Denmark
1980 : data refer to 1983; data on employers include own-account workers.
Country: Estonia
Data on employers and own-account workers include members of producers cooperatives.
1990-1995 : data refer to the population aged 15-69. From 2000 : data refer to the population aged 15-74.
Country: Finland
1980-1995 : data on employers include own-account workers.
Country: France
Data do not cover overseas departments (DOM).
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Germany
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Greece
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Iceland
1990 : data refer to 1991.
Country: Ireland
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: Israel
1990: data refer to 1992.
1998, 2001: methodology revised, data not strictly comparable.
Country: Latvia
1995 : data refer to 1996.
Country: Lithuania
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Data on employers include own-account workers.
Country: Netherlands
1980 : data refer to 1983.
1980-2001 : data on employers include own-account workers and members of producers cooperatives.
Country: Norway
1980-2001 : data on employers include own-account workers and members of producers cooperatives.
Country: Poland
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Romania
1995: data refer to population aged 14+.
Country: Russian Federation
Data refer to population aged 15-72.
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Spain
Data refer to population aged 16+.
2005: methodology revised, data not strictly comparable.
Country: Switzerland
1990 : data refer to 1991.
Country: Turkey
2000: data revision based on Population Census 2000
Country: Ukraine
Data do not cover the persons who are still living in the area of Chernobyl contaminated with radioactive material.
Data do not cover the persons who are living in institutions and those who are working in the army.
Data refer to the population aged 15-70.
Country: United Kingdom
1980 : data refer to 1983.
Country: United States
Data on employers include own-account workers.
Data refer to population aged 16+.
1994: methodology revised, data not strictly comparable

Source: UNECE Statististical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources.
Definition:
The employment rate is the share of employed persons in the population of the corresponding sex and age group.
Marital status is defined as the legal conjugal status of each individual in relation to the marriage laws or customs of the country. The following classification is used:
- Never married (single),
- Married,
- Widowed (and not remarried),
- Divorced (and not remarried).
In some countries the legal status of separated also exists and persons of this group are included here in the group of married.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Country: Armenia
2007 data refer to population aged 16-75. Break in methodlogy: since 2008 data refer to population aged 15-75.From 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards.Break in methodlogy: since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Country: Austria
Break in methodology (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Estimates for the age group 65+ are less reliable for 2015.
Country: Canada
Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk )
Country: Georgia
Change in definition (2008 onward): Unknown marital status refers to non-registered marriage
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Married persons include Married but living apart;
From 2005, 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Significance (2000 - 2012): Category "married" includes the persons who are not officially registered their marriage, but live together
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Country: Russian Federation
Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Turkey
Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.
Country: Turkey
Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS.
Country: Ukraine
From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.
Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Determining the level of employment corresponds to the definition given above.
Country: Ukraine
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.
Country: United States
Age group 15+ refers to 16+; age group 15-24 refers to 16-24; age group 25-49 refers to 25-54 and age group 50-64 refers to 55-64.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:
The employment rate is the share of employed persons aged 25 to 49 in the population of the corresponding sex and age group.
Data are reported according to the age of the youngest child living in the household. Children living outside the household are not considered.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Country: Austria
Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure.
Country: Austria
Change in definition (1980): Data refer to the livelihood concept
Country: Austria
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1984
Country: Belarus
Data refer to age groups 0-2, 3-6, 7-14, 15-17.
Country: Belgium
Change in definition (2005 - 2015): A child is considered as a person below 17 who lives in the household whatever the relation to the reference person may be.
Country: Croatia
Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years.
Country: Finland
Only children under the age of 18 are considered. The age group 6-16 refers to 6-17, no child refers to no child under 18.
Country: France
Reference area: Metropolitan France
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures.
Country: Greece
Data refer to annual averages.
Country: Ireland
Data refer to 2nd quarter of each year.
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Data refer to age groups 0-1 instead of 0-2; 2-4 instead of 3-5 .
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Italy
Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey).
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2002 - 2012): Age 17+&
39; refer to the population aged 17-18.
No child&
39; refer to data on no child or age of the youngest child 19+.
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1980): Reference year 1983
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Poland
Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months).
Country: Portugal
Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series.
Country: Romania
Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results.
Country: Romania
Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Data refer to 2nd quarter
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (1995 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter
Country: Switzerland
Territorial change (1980 - 1990): In 1980, Federal Population Census: resident population. From 1990 and onwards, Labour Force Survey: permanent resident population

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:
The employment rate is the share of employed persons aged 25-49 in the population of the corresponding sex and age group.
Data are reported according to the number of children under the age of 17. Children living outside the household are not considered.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified.
Country: Austria
Break in methodlogy (2004): Break in series due to change in data collection procedure.
Country: Austria
Change in definition (1980): Data refer to the livelihood concept
Country: Austria
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1984
Country: Belarus
The number of children under the age of 15 is considered.
Country: Belgium
Change in definition (2003 - 2015): A child is considered as a person below 17 who lives in the household whatever the relation to the reference person may be.
Country: Croatia
Data given for 2013 onwards are calibrated according to the results of the Census 2011 and are not fully comparable with data given for previous years.
Country: Finland
The number of children under the age of 18 is considered.
Country: France
Reference area: Metropolitan France
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (2005): Until 2004, data refer to one reporting week. From 2005 data are annual average figures.
Country: Greece
Data refer to annual averages.
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Italy
Break in methodlogy (2004): From 2004, there is a break in series due to change in survey and data collection procedure (continuous survey).
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1980): Reference year 1983
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Poland
Data are not fully comparable with the results of the surveys prior to 2010 as persons staying outside households for 12 months or longer are excluded from the survey (previously over 3 months).
Country: Portugal
Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series.
Country: Romania
Break in methodology (2002): Due to the revision of the definitions and the coverage, the data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. Break in series starting with year 2013. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results.
Country: Romania
Reference period (1995): Data for 1995 refers to March 1995
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (2009 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2010): Change to continuous survey. As of 2010: annual averages
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Data refer to 2nd quarter
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (1995 - 2009): Data refer to 2nd quarter
Country: Switzerland
Territorial change (1980 - 1990): In 1980, Federal Population Census: resident population. From 1990 and onwards, Labour Force Survey: permanent resident population

UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (UNESCO Institute for Statistics) official sources.
The net enrollment ratio is the number of students of the official school-age group (defined by each country) enrolled in secondary-level education per 100 persons of the same age group.
The gross enrollment ratio is the number of students enrolled in secondary level education (regardless of their age) per 100 persons of the official school-age group corresponding to secondary-level education.
The secondary level consists of lower and upper secondary levels of ISCED 2011.
.. - data not availableMeasurement: Gross enrollment ratio , Country: ArmeniaSince the school year 2013-2014, the data have been compiled according ISCED 2011.Country: AustriaChange in definition (1995 - 2012): NER: data include ISCED level 4 programmes and refer to official school age group assumed to be 10-17 years.Country: AustriaBreak in series (2013): From school year 2013-2014 onwards use of ISCED 2011.Country: BulgariaNER data refer to students aged 11-20 and include a small number of ISCED level 4 students aged 19 to 20.Country: CroatiaNER data refer to students aged 11-18.Country: CyprusData cover only government controlled area.
Data refer to level 3 of ISCED 1997 only.
1980/1981, 1990/1991, 1995/1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. 2000/2001: data refer to 1999/2000.Country: CzechiaChange in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to full-time study only and exclude part-time studyCountry: EstoniaNER data refer to students aged 13-17.Country: Finland 1990/1991: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification.Country: GeorgiaData refer to beginning of the school year.Country: Germany Data cover the territory of Germany after reunification.
1980/1981, 1990/1991, 1995/1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification.
For school years 2000/2001 - 2013/2014: data refer to ISCED 1997 classification.
Data on students refer to beginning of the school year and data on population refer to beginning of the calendar year.Country: Hungary2000/2001: data refer to 1999/2000. NER data refer to students aged 14-17.
Data refer to levels 3 and 4 of ISCED classification.Country: Iceland1980/1981-1995/1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification.Country: Ireland 1995/1996: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification. From 2000/2001: data refer to levels 2,3 and 4 of ISCED 1997 classification.
Data refer to students aged 11-19.Country: IsraelData refer to level 3 of ISCED classification. 2000/2001: data exclude students registered in Ministry of Religious Affairs.Country: ItalyData refer to level 3 of ISCED classification and refer to the school year.Country: LatviaBreak in methodology (2006): Changes in national education classification. Started from school year 2006/2007 level 2 includes grades 1-6, level 3 includes grades 7-12.Country: LithuaniaData refer to 1 January of the school year. NER data refer to students aged 11-18.Country: Moldova, Republic ofAdditional information (2006 - 2012): Stable population used during the enrollment rates calculation, because the actual population does not reflect the real situation of migration.Country: Moldova, Republic ofChange in definition (1990 - 2005): Data refer to age group 11-17 years.Country: Moldova, Republic ofChange in definition (2006 - 2012): Data refer to age group 11-18 years.Country: MontenegroData refer to level 3 of ISCED classification.Country: Netherlands1990/1991: data do not include special secondary education.Country: PolandData refer to level 3 of ISCED 1997.Country: RomaniaData refer to 1 July of the school year.Country: SerbiaTerritorial change (2003 - 2012): The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija.Country: SloveniaData refer to 15 September of the school year.Country: Spain2000/2001: data refer to 1999/2000. 1990/1991: NER data refer to students aged 11-18.
From 1995: NER data refer to students aged 12-18. Data refer to October - September of the school year.Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaBreak in methodology (2010): From 2010/2011 implementation of the Law on Primary and Lower Secondary educationCountry: TurkeyChange in definition (2000 onwards): From 1997/1998: compulsory education was expanded to 8 years by law.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database.
Definitions
Killed: Any person who was killed outright or who died within 30 days as a result of the accident.
Injured: Any person, who was not killed, but sustained one or more serious or slight injuries as a result of the accident.
Driver: Any person who drives a motor vehicle or other vehicle (including a cycle), or who guides cattle, singly or in herds, or flocks, or draught, pack or saddle animals on a road.
Passenger: Any person, other than the driver, who is in or on a vehicle.
Pedestrian: Any person other than a driver or a passenger according to the above definitions. Persons pushing or pulling a child?s carriage, a bath chair or invalid chair, or any other small vehicle without an engine, or pushing a cycle or moped, and handicapped persons travelling in invalid chairs propelled by such persons or moving at walking pace shall be treated as pedestrians.
Road vehicle: A vehicle running on wheels and intended for use on roads.
Motor vehicle: Any power-driven vehicle which is normally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods. This term embraces trolleybuses, that is to say, vehicles connected to an electric conductor and not rail-borne. It does not cover vehicles, such as agricultural tractors, which are only incidentally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods.
Power driven vehicle: Any self propelled road vehicle, other than a moped and a rail-borne vehicle.
Cycle: Any road vehicle which has at least two wheels and is propelled solely by the muscular energy of the person(s) on that vehicle, in particular by means of a pedal system, lever or handle (e.g. bicycles, tricycles, quadricycles and invalid carriages).
Moped: Any two-wheeled or three-wheeled road vehicle which is fitted with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc. (3.05 cu. in.) and a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km (30 miles) per hour.
Motor cycle: Two-wheeled road motor vehicle with or without side-car, including motor scooter, or three-wheeled road motor vehicle not exceeding 400 kg (900 lb.) unleaded weight. This term does not include mopeds.
Passenger car: Road motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle, intended for the transport of passengers and seating not more than nine persons (including the driver). The term passenger car therefore covers taxis and hired vehicles, provided that they have fewer than ten seats.
Motor coach or bus: Passenger road motor vehicle, seating more than nine persons (including the driver).
Trolleybus: A passenger road vehicle, seating more than nine persons (including the driver), which is connected to electric conductors and which is not rail-borne.
Tramcar: A passenger road vehicle, seating more than nine persons (including the driver), which is connected to electric conductors and which is rail borne.
Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order.
.. - data not available
For European Union member states, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland the source of data from year 2005 is CARE database.
Country: Albania
Included with motorcycles, if not available.
Country: Ireland
Included with motorcycles, if not available.
Country: Poland
Included with motorcycles, if not available.
Country: Georgia
''
Country: Latvia
Persons are recorded as killed who die at the scene of the accident or within 7 days; persons who die later are recorded as injured.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
From 2008, breakdown by category of user does not sum to total as unknown category of user is not reported.
Country: Portugal
Data refer to continent only.
Country: Portugal
Persons are recorded as killed who die at the scene of the accident or during or immediately after transport from the scene of the accident; persons who die later are recorded as injured.
Country: Spain
Persons are recorded as killed who die within 24 hours as a result of the accident; persons who die later are recorded as injured.
Country: Turkey
Data by age group cover accidents only at Police responsibility area for years between 2000-2011 whereas for years between 2012-2015 data cover both Police and Gendermarie responsibility area. Until year 2015 figures on persons killed include the deaths only at the accident scene; however since year 2015 figures on persons killed also include the deaths within 30 days after the traffic accidents due to related accident and its impacts for people injured and sent to health facilities. 6 to 9 years refers to less than 10 years old.
Country: United Kingdom
Data refer to Great Britain.
Country: United States
Sum by category of user is not equal to total as unknown category of user is not shown.
Country: Uzbekistan
Less than 6 years refers to less than 7 years. 10 to 14 years refers to 8 to 15 years.

For European Union member states, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland the source of data from year 2005 is CARE database.
Age Group:
For European Union members, less than 6 years refers to less than 5 years (data provided through CARE database).
Age Group: 18 - 20 years
For European Union members, 18 to 20 years refers to 18 to 19 years (data provided through CARE database).
Age Group: 21 - 24 years
For European Union members, 21 to 24 years refers to 20 to 24 years (data provided through CARE database).
Age Group: 6 - 9 years
For European Union members, 6 to 9 years refers to 5 to 9 years (data provided through CARE database).
Country: Georgia
''
Country: Latvia
Persons are recorded as killed who die at the scene of the accident or within 7 days; persons who die later are recorded as injured.
Country: Portugal
Persons are recorded as killed who die at the scene of the accident or during or immediately after transport from the scene of the accident; persons who die later are recorded as injured.
Country: Spain
Persons are recorded as killed who die within 24 hours as a result of the accident; persons who die later are recorded as injured.
Country: Turkey
Data by age group cover accidents only at Police responsibility area for years between 2000-2011 whereas for years between 2012-2015 data cover both Police and Gendermarie responsibility area. Until year 2015 figures on persons killed include the deaths only at the accident scene; however since year 2015 figures on persons killed also include the deaths within 30 days after the traffic accidents due to related accident and its impacts for people injured and sent to health facilities. 6 to 9 years refers to less than 10 years old.
Country: United Kingdom
Data refer to Great Britain.
Country: Uzbekistan
Less than 6 years refers to less than 7 years. 10 to 14 years refers to 8 to 15 years.
Sex: Total
Sum of males and females may not be equal to total in some countries where victim gender is unknown.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources.
Definition: Data on first marriages are numbers of men and women who were married for the first time during the year, by age at last birthday.
General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
Reference period (2007-2015): The data are for the total number of marriages not for the first
Country: Albania
Reference period (2007-2015): The data for the 15-19 age group refer to under 19
Country: Belgium
Change in definition (2000-2015): both spouses are single before the marriage. In the preceding table, each spouse was selected separetely.
Country: Belgium
Since 2003, marriages between persons of the same sex are included.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only government controlled area.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (1995 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region
Country: Germany
From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers.
Country: Kazakhstan
Change in definition (1995 - 2008): Age group 0-14 refers to age less than 18; age group 15-19 refers to 18-19.
Country: Malta
From 2001: data include foreign residents.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Age group 15-19 includes married at the age under 16 and 16-19.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Russian Federation
Additional information (2011 - 2012): Age group 15-19 includes married at age less than 15
Country: Serbia
From 1998: data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Tajikistan
Data refer to registered marriages.
Country: Turkey
Change in definition (2002 - 2012): Age group 15 - 19 refers to 16-19.
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for all ages , Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (1980 - 1995): Age group 0-14 refers to age less than 18; age group 15-19 refers to 18-19.
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for all ages , Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2000 - 2006): Age group 0-14 refers to age less than 16; age group 15-19 refers to 16-19.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series.
The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993).
Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components.
Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note.
Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.Country/Region: IsraelDesignation and data provided by Israel.
The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series.
The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993).
Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components.
Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note.
Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Country: Israel
Designation and data provided by Israel.
The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series.
The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993).
Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components.
Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note.
Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Country: Israel
Designation and data provided by Israel.
The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources.
For footnotes on Total population, in persons: click here
For footnotes on Population aged 65+ as percentage of total population: click here
For footnotes on Total fertility rate: click here
For footnotes on Life expectancy at birth: click here
For footnotes on Life expectancy at age 65: click here
For footnotes on Mean age at first marriage: click here
For footnotes on Economic activity rate: click here
For footnotes on Proportion of workers in a managerial position: click here
For footnotes on Gender pay gap as difference in monthly earnings: click here
For footnotes on Long term unemployment rate:click here
For footnotes on Proportion among population aged 25-49 with tertiary educational attainment:click here
For footnotes on Tertiary students, percent of both sexes:click here
For footnotes on Members of national parliament, percent of both sexes:click here
For footnotes on Senior civil servants, percent of both sexes:click here
For footnotes on Time spent by employed persons on free time activities:click here
For footnotes on Employment rate of persons aged 25-49 with children under 3:click here
For footnotes on Researchers, percent of both sexes:click here
For footnotes on Victims of serious assaults, percent of both sexes:click here
.. - data not available

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources.
Definitions: Gender pay gap is the difference between men’s and women’s average earnings from employment, shown as a percentage of men’s average earnings.The UNECE gender statistics database presents two indicators on gender pay gap, which represent two different concerns of gender equality.
Gender Pay Gap in hourly wage rates refers to the gender gap in average hourly earnings. This indicator aims to capture the difference between men’s and women’s overall position in the labor market. It measures the difference between men’s and women’s wage rates independent of the number of hours worked, the type of activity or the type of occupation.
Gender Pay Gap in monthly earnings refers to the gender gap in average monthly earnings. This indicator aims to capture the variance between men’s and women’s earnings over a specific period of time. It reflects differences in time worked and type of work performed, which translates into gender differences in economic autonomy.
Wage rates are earnings elements meant to be measured, as stipulated by the ILO Resolution concerning an integrated system of wages statistics (ILO, 1973), in relation to an appropriate time period such as the hour, day, week, month or other customary period used for purposes of determining the wage rates concerned. In the case of these statistics, the reference time period is the hour.
Wage rates should include basic wages, cost-of-living allowances and other guaranteed and regularly paid allowances, but exclude overtime payments, bonuses and gratuities, family allowances and other social security payments made by employers. Ex gratia payments in kind, supplementary to normal wage rates, are also excluded.
Earnings relate to remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as for annual vacation, other paid leave or holidays.
Earnings include direct wages and salaries for the time worked, or work done, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities and housing and family allowances paid by the employer directly to his employee.
Earnings exclude employers’ contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay.
Gross earnings refer to total earnings before any deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues and other obligations of employees.
Net earnings refer to pay allocated to the worker after deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues and other obligations of employees.
For the EU and EFTA member states, data on Gender Pay Gap in hourly wage rates cover the economic activities as follows: industry, construction and services, except public administration, defense, compulsory social security, activities of households as employers and extra-territorial organisations and bodies (NACE Rev.2, sections from B to S excluding O).
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
2000: data refer to October 1998.
Country: Armenia
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data cover paid employees.
Country: Austria
Gross monthly earnings refer to the monthly amount in the main job. It includes usual paid overtime, tips and commission but excludes income from investments, assets, savings, stocks and shares. Profit share and bonuses are taken into account. Supplement payments (13th, 14th month, holiday pay...) are not included as they are not surveyed in this question, but they could be modeld (average gross monthly earning per group x14/12) under the simplified assumption that people are employed for the whole year and all receive these benefits.
Country: Belarus
Data refer to December of each year.
Country: Belarus
Collection method: enterprise-based data. Enterprises with less than 100 employees are excluded.
Country: Bulgaria
Data cover employees only and are compiled from enterprise survey (four-yearly Structure of Earnings Survey). Overtime payments are included in average earnings.
Country: Canada
For GPG in hourly earnings, data covers employees only, self-employed are excluded.
Country: Croatia
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, basic earnings exclude housing and family allowances. Refers to NACE Rev 2 activities B-S
Country: Cyprus
Data are based on the results of the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) for years 2006 and 2010. Data for 2006 and 2010 have been revised to better reflect the definitions provided by UNECE.Hourly Wage Rate includes normal salary and regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work). It excludes overtime payments, irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Monthly earnings include normal salary, regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work) and payments for overtime. They exclude irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Coverage: Enterprises in all economic activities, excluding Agriculture, Fishing, Activities of Private Households and Extra-territorial Organisations. All enterprises covered had one or more employees. Self-employed are not covered.Geographical coverage: data refer to Government controlled areas only.
Country: Czechia
Since 2011 all employees included in the sample surveys,including employees of enterprises with less than ten employees, employees of non-profit organizations, and also own-account workers that had not been measuredbefore.
Country: Estonia
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data exclude self-employed persons. From 2014, breakdown by education is according to ISCED-2011.
Country: Finland
The method of defining part/full-timers changed in 2001.
Country: Finland
Data do not include irregular bonuses, housing and family allowances. Average monthly earnings data cover only full-time employees.
Country: France
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered in data up to 2009. From 2014 data include overseas departments.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region
Country: Germany
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. From 2014 breakdown by education compiled using ISCED-2011.
Country: Greece
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2002 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data from 2006 on are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered.
Country: Hungary
Data include only full-time employees. B-S (-O), 10 employees or more
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (2000 - 2004): Only private sector - econmic activities ISIC-rev.3 D,F,G,I
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (2005 - 2008): Only private sector - econmic activities ISIC-rev.3 D,F,G,I,J
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (2009 onward): Private and public sector - economic activities ISIC-rev.4 C,D,E,F,G,H,J,K,O,P,Q. For all years data refer to average income from employment.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2006 - 2012): Data cover both - paid employees and self-employed
Country: Italy
Monthly earnings data are compiled from households surveys (EU-SILC) from 2006 to 2009 and from European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) from 2010 onwards. The main difference with the SES definition is that the SES definition refers to the month of october and excludes bonuses and other items not payable each month. There is a break in the series between 2009 and 2010.
Country: Kazakhstan
Average monthly nominal wages per employee is determined by dividing the amount of accrued payroll to the actual number of employees and the number of months in the reporting period.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Figures for hourly earnings are obtained by dividing the average monthly earnings by the average number of monthly working hours.
Country: Latvia
Additional information (2002 onward): Data by education level are calculated for enterprises with number of employees 10 and more for NACE Rev.1.1 sections C-K (excluding L) on 2002 and 2006 and for NACE Rev.2 sections B-S (excluding O) on 2010 according to the methodology of structural indicator of European Comission Gender Pay Gap (GPG).
Country: Latvia
Data cover paid employees only. Part-timers earnings have been equivalised to fill-time units. All data exclude remuneration of kind.
Country: Lithuania
The gross earnings data on which GPG in monthly earnings are based exclude housing and family allowances.
Country: Luxembourg
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Average monthly earnings are based on full-time equivalent employees, reference month is october. NACE B to S exclunding O
Country: Malta
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
From 2012 information is presented without the data on districts from the left side of the river Nistru and municipality Bender. Through 2011 data are for September for units with 20 and more employees. Starting with 2012 data are for units with one and more employees.
Country: Netherlands
The underlying average earnings refer to employees only and do not include bonuses, gratuities, housing and family allowances.
Country: Norway
Data refer to full-time equivalent of paid employees only. Reference period: III quarter of each year. Data includes various additional allowances, bonuses, commissions and do not include payment for overtime work.
Country: Poland
Change in definition (2001 - 2004): Data refer to full-time employees only. Family allowances are not inclueded.
Country: Poland
Change in definition (2006 onward): Data cover employees only. Family allowances are not included.
Country: Romania
Additional information (1990 - 2001): Data cover the entire country and are related to enterprises with 1+ employees. The average monthly gross earnings refers to the entire year.
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (2005 - 2013): Underlying Earnings data do not include end of year, seniority, bonus payments and other nonrecurrent payments . Data include employees worked whole October; data exclude non-regular, temporary, contractual, absent due to different reasons (maternity, sabbatical, annual leave), part-time workers and others.
Country: Slovakia
Data on monthly earnings cover all economic activities (all NACE Rev.2 sections)
Country: Slovenia
In 2007 EURO was introduced instead of the national currency SIT.
Country: Slovenia
Change in definition (2003 onward): Data refer to full-time employees only.
Country: Slovenia
Provisional value (2014)
Country: Spain
Additional information (2000): The results have been obtained as annual average of quarterly data form a wage survey. The coverage are local units with 5 or more employees.
Country: Spain
From 2002-2003, the coverage is local units with 10 or more employees. Since 2004, coverage has been extended to all size units. ISCED-97 is used 2002-2010 and ISCED-11 in 2014.
Country: Sweden
Change in definition (2000 - 2013): The Data cover only employees and exlude irregular bonuses and gratuities.
Country: Switzerland
For monthly earnings, up to 2010 the data cover employees in private and public federal sectors. Since 2012, the data concern only the private sector.
Country: Switzerland
The underlying average earnings data exclude overtime pay and family allowances and refer to full-time equivalents.
GPG figures computed from median earnings instead of averages.
Country: Ukraine
From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.
Country: Ukraine
Up to 2009, the data do not cover small businesses, since 2010 the data include enterprises, institutions and organizations with 10 and more employees.
Country: United Kingdom
Monthly earnings are from the UK Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) and defined as average gross weekly earnings for the reference period (Gpay), multiplied by 4.348. Earnings are of those over 15 only.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources.
Definitions: Gender pay gap is the difference between men’s and women’s average earnings from employment, shown as a percentage of men’s average earnings.The UNECE gender statistics database presents two indicators on gender pay gap, which represent two different concerns of gender equality.
Gender Pay Gap in hourly wage rates refers to the gender gap in average hourly earnings. This indicator aims to capture the difference between men’s and women’s overall position in the labor market. It measures the difference between men’s and women’s wage rates independent of the number of hours worked, the type of activity or the type of occupation.
Gender Pay Gap in monthly earnings refers to the gender gap in average monthly earnings. This indicator aims to capture the variance between men’s and women’s earnings over a specific period of time. It reflects differences in time worked and type of work performed, which translates into gender differences in economic autonomy.
Wage rates are earnings elements meant to be measured, as stipulated by the ILO Resolution concerning an integrated system of wages statistics (ILO, 1973), in relation to an appropriate time period such as the hour, day, week, month or other customary period used for purposes of determining the wage rates concerned. In the case of these statistics, the reference time period is the hour.
Wage rates should include basic wages, cost-of-living allowances and other guaranteed and regularly paid allowances, but exclude overtime payments, bonuses and gratuities, family allowances and other social security payments made by employers. Ex gratia payments in kind, supplementary to normal wage rates, are also excluded.
Earnings relate to remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as for annual vacation, other paid leave or holidays.
Earnings include direct wages and salaries for the time worked, or work done, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities and housing and family allowances paid by the employer directly to his employee.
Earnings exclude employers’ contributions in respect of their employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees under these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay.
Gross earnings refer to total earnings before any deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues and other obligations of employees.
Net earnings refer to pay allocated to the worker after deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, contributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues and other obligations of employees.
Educational attainment is defined as the highest level successfully completed by the person, in the educational system of the country where the education was received. The levels of education are defined according to the ISCED 1997
General note:
Data are compiled from gross earnings and cover paid employees in all categories of activities and workers in full time and part-time employment. Any deviations from these are specified in the subsequent notes, to the extent the information is available.
Gender pay gap in hourly wage: For EU member countries, the data are compiled from hourly earnings available in Eurostat’s online database devired from the Structure of Earnings Surveys. Please refer to the EU Structure of Earnings Survey methods and their gender pay gap in unadjusted form for further explanations.
For non-EU countries, the figures are compiled from hourly earnings data provided by the countries in response to the UNECE questionnaire.
Gender pay gap in monthly earnings: Figures are compiled from monthly earnings data provided by the countries in response to the UNECE questionnaire and official earnings data available in Eurostat and ILO databases.
See the note ’Method and data sources for the gender pay gap in the UNECE Statistical Database’ for more information.
Country: Austria
Gross monthly earnings refer to the monthly amount in the main job. It includes usual paid overtime, tips and commission but excludes income from investments, assets, savings, stocks and shares. Profit share and bonuses are taken into account. Supplement payments (13th, 14th month, holiday pay...) are not included as they are not surveyed in this question, but they could be modeld (average gross monthly earning per group x14/12) under the simplified assumption that people are employed for the whole year and all receive these benefits.
Country: Austria
ISCED-11 is used from survey year 2014 on, before that ISCED-97.
Country: Belgium
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, underlying average earnings data are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Surveys.
Country: Bulgaria
Data cover employees only and are compiled from enterprise survey (four-yearly Structure of Earnings Survey). Overtime payments are included in average earnings.
Country: Bulgaria
From 2014 the educational breakdown is according to the ISCED-11.
Country: Canada
For GPG in hourly earnings, data covers employees only, self-employed are excluded.
Country: Cyprus
Data are based on the results of the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) for years 2006 and 2010. Data for 2006 and 2010 have been revised to better reflect the definitions provided by UNECE.Hourly Wage Rate includes normal salary and regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work). It excludes overtime payments, irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Monthly earnings include normal salary, regular bonuses paid to the employee (including payments for shift work) and payments for overtime. They exclude irregular bonuses and payments in kind.Coverage: Enterprises in all economic activities, excluding Agriculture, Fishing, Activities of Private Households and Extra-territorial Organisations. All enterprises covered had one or more employees. Self-employed are not covered.Geographical coverage: data refer to Government controlled areas only.
Country: Czechia
Reference period (2011 - 2012): For upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education, data refer to ISCED 3 only (instead of 3-4), and fro tertiary education , data refer to ISCD 6 only (instead of 5-6).
Country: Czechia
Since 2011 all employees included in the sample surveys,including employees of enterprises with less than ten employees, employees of non-profit organizations, and also own-account workers that had not been measuredbefore.
Country: Denmark
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, underlying average earnings data are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey.
Country: Estonia
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data exclude self-employed persons. From 2014, breakdown by education is according to ISCED-2011.
Country: Finland
The method of defining part/full-timers changed in 2001.
Country: Finland
Data do not include irregular bonuses, housing and family allowances. Average monthly earnings data cover only full-time employees.
Country: France
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered in data up to 2009. From 2014 data include overseas departments.
Country: Germany
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered. From 2014 breakdown by education compiled using ISCED-2011.
Country: Greece
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2002 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data from 2006 on are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered.
Country: Hungary
Data include only full-time employees. B-S (-O), 10 employees or more
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2006 - 2012): Data cover both - paid employees and self-employed
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2006 - 2012): Data cover both - paid employees and self-employed
Country: Italy
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys (SES). The difference with the SES definition is that the SES definition contains overtime earnings and hours. Due to methodological changes, the data for 2014 might be uncomparable with the previous years.
For monthly earnings, data are compiled from households surveys (EU-SILC) from 2006 to 2009 and from SES from 2010 onwards. The main difference with the SES definition is that the SES definition refers to the month of october and excludes bonuses and other items not payable each month. Due to methodological changes, the data for 2014 might be uncomparable with the previous years.
Country: Latvia
Additional information (2002 onward): Data by education level are calculated for enterprises with number of employees 10 and more for NACE Rev.1.1 sections C-K (excluding L) on 2002 and 2006 and for NACE Rev.2 sections B-S (excluding O) on 2010 according to the methodology of structural indicator of European Comission Gender Pay Gap (GPG).
Country: Latvia
Data cover paid employees only. Part-timers earnings have been equivalised to fill-time units. All data exclude remuneration of kind.
Country: Lithuania
The gross earnings data on which GPG in monthly earnings are based exclude housing and family allowances. From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011.
Country: Luxembourg
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, data are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Average monthly earnings are based on full-time equivalent employees, reference month is october. NACE B to S exclunding O
Country: Malta
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered.
Country: Norway
Break in methodlogy (2005): Figures from 2005 for wages by level of education are not comparable with the figures for 2004 and earlier, due to changes in definitions.
Country: Norway
Change in definition (2000 onward): Data refer to full-time equivalent of paid employees only.
Country: Poland
Change in definition (2001 - 2004): Data cover employees only. Family allowances are not inclueded.
Data refer to full-time employees only.
Country: Poland
Change in definition (2006 onward): Data cover employees only. Family allowances are not inclueded.
Country: Portugal
For gender pay gap in hourly earnings, data from 2006 are compiled from European Structure of Earnings Surveys. Earlier data are compiled from national sources.
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data for 2006 are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered.
Country: Romania
Data by education level are derived from the Structure of Earnings Survey and related to enterprises with 10+ employees. The underlying average monthly gross earnings refers to October.
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (2005 - 2013): Underlying Earnings data do not include end of year, seniority, bonus payments and other nonrecurrent payments . Data include employees worked whole October; data exclude non-regular, temporary, contractual, absent due to different reasons (maternity, sabbatical, annual leave), part-time workers and others.
Country: Slovakia
Additional information (2000 - 2012): The concept of Earnings in definitions, geographical coverage, reference period are in compliance with the request.
Country: Slovenia
Break in methodlogy (2007 - 2013): In 2007 EURO was introduced instead of the national currency SIT.
Country: Slovenia
Change in definition (2003 - 2013): Data refer to full-time employees only.
Country: Slovenia
Provisional value (2012):
Country: Spain
Additional information (2000): The results have been obtained as annual average of quarterly data form a wage survey. The coverage are local units with 5 or more employees.
Country: Spain
From 2002-2003, the coverage is local units with 10 or more employees. Since 2004, coverage has been extended to all size units. ISCED-97 is used 2002-2010 and ISCED-11 in 2014.
Country: Sweden
Change in definition (2000 onwards): The Data cover only employees and exlude irregular bonuses and gratuities.
Country: Switzerland
For monthly earnings, up to 2010 the data cover employees in private and public federal sectors. since 2012, the data concern only the private sector.
Country: Switzerland
The underlying average earnings data exclude overtime pay and family allowances and refer to full-time equivalents.
GPG figures computed from median earnings instead of averages.
Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
For gender pay gap in monthly earnings, the underlying average earnings data are compiled from EU Structure of Earnings Survey and cover employees in enterprises of 10 or more employees only. People working in public sector are not covered

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources. Indicators that base on OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators are indicated (OECD).
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series.
The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) – e.g. EU member countries, United States, Canada, Ukraine - or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993).
Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Indicator: Domestic final demand met by total imports, %
Indicator measures the share of total domestic final demand (the difference between GDP and net exports) met by imports. Sometimes it is referred to as an import penetration rate. It should be noted that small economies or those rich in mineral resources may be specialized in their production, and so import higher proportions of other goods. In addition, the size of service sector is likely to affect this relationship.
[ ( imports / ( final consumption expenditure + gross capital formation ) ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Export performance, percentage points
Export performance measures the difference between the annual growth rate of exports of a country and the growth rate of imports to the country from the rest of the world. A result above zero level indicates a faster growth of exports compared to the growth of imports during the reference period.
[ ( exports (t) / exports (t-1) ) – ( imports (t) / imports (t-1) ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Export performance, value in millions of US $, in constant prices of comon base year
Export performance measures the difference between the annual growth of exports of a country and the growth of imports to the country from the rest of the world. A result indicates a relation of growth of exports compared to the growth of imports during the reference period in millions of US dollars.
[ ( ( exports (t) - exports (t-1) ) – ( ( imports (t) - imports (t-1) ) ) ]
Indicator: Growth rate of exports, %
Growth rate of exports is an indicator of the annual growth or decline of exports from the previous year.
[ ( exports (t) / exports (t-1) ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Growth rate of imports, %
Growth rate of imports is an indicator of the annual growth or decline of imports from the previous year.
[ ( imports (t) / imports (t-1) ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Growth rate of total trade, %
Growth rate of total trade describes either annual growth or decline of the volume of international trade from the previous year.
[ ( exports + imports ) (t) / ( exports + imports ) (t-1) ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Import coverage by exports, %
Indicator shows whether or not a country’s imports are fully covered for by exports. The results describe how many per cent of imports are covered by exports.
[ ( exports / imports ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Total exports to GDP, %
Total exports in GDP show the dependence of domestic producers on foreign markets. It may provide a better indicator of vulnerability to some types of external shocks than total trade in GDP, thus, it is one of the most frequently used globalization indicators. This ratio may indicate the intensity of a country’s trade. In the case of some countries, it may not show significant growth if, during the reference period, services that are not traded internationally and are included in GDP grow more rapidly than exports. Furthermore, larger economies tend to show lower export to GDP ratios because the larger domestic demand.
[ ( exports / GDP ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Total trade per capita, value in thousands of US $, current prices
Total trade per capita measures the relative importance of international trade against the size of the country in terms of population. It is a very concrete measure of the value of international trade per person.
[ ( absolute values of imports + exports ) / population ]
Indicator: Total trade to GDP, %
Total trade (the sum of exports and imports) as a share of GDP measures the dependence on foreign markets and intermediate inputs and, on the other hand, the importance of international trade in the country. It may give indications of the degree to which an economy is open to trade, but should be interpreted with care. This indicator may be called a trade dependence or openness indicator.
[ ( (exports + imports ) / GDP ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Trade balance to GDP, %
Trade balance to GDP highlights the countries with major surplus or deficit in the reference period in relation to the size of their economies.
[ ( ( exports - imports ) / GDP ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Trade balance to total trade, %
Indicator measures international transactions of the country with the rest of the world normalised against its own total trade. This indicator is sometimes also called the normalized trade balance.
[ ( ( exports - imports ) / ( exports + imports ) ) * 100 ]
Indicator: Trade balance, value in millions of US $, current prices
Trade balance shows the difference between exports and imports (surplus / deficit). This conventional measure reflects a country’s performance in international markets in terms of the net value of goods and services transactions between the country and the rest of the world.
[ ( exports - imports ) ]

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Transport Division Database.
Definitions
Road traffic on national territory : Any movement of road vehicles within a national territory irrespective of the country in which these vehicles are registered.
Vehicle-kilometre : Unit of measurement representing the movement of a road motor vehicle over one kilometre. It includes movements of empty road motor vehicles. Units made up of a tractor and a semi-trailer or a lorry and a trailer are counted as one vehicle
Road transport : Any movements of goods and/or passengers using a road vehicle on a given road network. When a road vehicle is being carried on another vehicle, only the movement of the carrying vehicle (active mode) is considered.
National road transport : Road transport between two places (a place of loading/embarkment and a place of unloading/ disembarkment) located in the same country irrespective of the country in which the vehicle is registered. It may involve transit through a second country.
International road transport : Road transport between two places ( a place of loading/embarkment and a place of unloading/disembarkment ) in two different countries. It may involve transit through one or more additional country or countries.
Road passenger-kilometre : Unit of measure representing the transport of one passenger by road over one kilometre. A transfer from one road vehicle to another is regarded as disembarkment before re-embarkment. Goods carried by road : Any goods moved by road goods vehicles This includes all packaging and equipment such as containers, swap-bodies or pallets.
Tonne-kilometre by road (of goods carried) : Unit of measure of goods transport which represents the transport of one tonne by road over one kilometre.
Goods loaded : Goods placed on a road vehicle and dispatched by road. Transshipment from one goods road vehicle to another or change of the road tractor are regarded as loading after unloading.
Goods unloaded : Goods taken off a road vehicle after transport by road. Transshipment from one goods road vehicle to another or change of the road tractor are regarded as unloading before reloading.
International – loaded Goods having left the country by road ( other than goods in transit by road throughout) : Goods which having been loaded on a road vehicle in the country, left the country by road and were unloaded in another country.
International - unloaded Goods having entered the country by road ( other than goods in transit by road throughout) : Goods which, having been loaded on a road vehicle in another country, entered the country by road and were unloaded there.
Road cabotage transport : National road transport performed by a road motor vehicle registered in another country.
Cross trade transport : International road transport performed by a road motor vehicle registered in a third country. A third country is a country other than the country of loading or than the country of unloading.
Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Belarus
''Tonne-kilometres'' refer to goods carried on a commercial basis.
Country: Bulgaria
Cross-trade transport includes transit.
Country: Italy
From 2012, tonne kilometres for 'International transport - loaded in the territory of the reporting country' included all international transport.
Country: Norway
''Tonne-kilometres'' refer to only goods carried by Norwegian lorries with carrying capacity of 3.5 tonnes or more.
Country: Portugal
Refers to mainland only. ''Tonne-kilometres'' refers to only goods transported by heavy goods vehicles and road tractors.
Country: Slovenia
Through 2000, 'Cross-trade transport' includes 'Road cabotage transport'.
Country: Sweden
''Tonne-kilometres'' refers to heavy goods vehicles. From 2014 a new method is used to estimate the effect of non-response.
Country: Turkey
''Tonne-kilometres'' refer to freight travel on motorways, state and provincial roads.
Country: United Kingdom
Data refer to Great Britain.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition: A ministry is a department of a government, led by a minister. A minister (sometimes called a secretary) is a politician who holds significant public office in a national cabinet and is entrusted with the management of a division of governmental activities.
A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch.
.. - data not available
Country: Austria
1980: data refer to 1979. 1995: data refer to 1994.
Country: Belarus
Change in definition (2001 - 2015): Data include ministers, chairmen of state committees subordinated to the Government of the Republic of Belarus.
Country: Belgium
2011: data refer to december 2011.
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979.
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994.
Country: Cyprus
Territorial change (1980 - 2013): Government controlled area only.
Country: Estonia
2015: Data refers to composition after September 14, 2015. 2014: Data refers to composition between November 17, 2014 to April 9, 2015.
Country: Georgia
1980: data refer to 1979. 1995: data refer to 1994.
Country: Israel
Additional information (2013): 2013 data - starting from 18/3/2013
Country: Israel
Reference period (1990): data refer to average from 1988-1990
Country: Israel
Reference period (1995): data refer to average from 1992-1995
Country: Israel
Reference period (2000): data refer to average from 1999-2001.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Additional information (1980): Data include the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Additional information (1990): Data include the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Additional information (1995 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data refer to the situation as of 1st of January of the following year.
Country: Slovakia
Data for 2014 refer to 15 March. Data for 2015 refer to 20 November.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and OECD) official sources.
Definition: Graduates from an ISCED level are individuals who entered and successfully completed an education programme which is classified as ‘level completion’.
A new version of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 2011) was adopted in 2011 by experts on Education Statistics. According to ISCED-11, the graduates refer to those who successfully completed levels 6, 7 or 8 of tertiary education. Programmes at ISCED-11 level 6, or Bachelor’s or equivalent level, are often designed to provide participants with intermediate academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a first university degree or equivalent qualification. Programmes at ISCED-11 level 7, or Master’s or equivalent level, provide participants with advanced academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a second degree or equivalent qualification. Such programmes may have a substantial research component but do not yet lead to the award of an advanced research qualification. Level 8 in ISCED-11, or doctoral or equivalent level, is reserved for tertiary programmes leading to the award of an advanced research qualification.
According to ISCED-97 (previously in use), the ‘level completion’ programmes include levels 5A and 6. ISCED-97 level 5A corresponds to tertiary programmes that are largely theoretically based and are intended to provide sufficient qualifications for gaining entry into advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements. However, these programmes do not necessary distinguish between a first and second academic degree. Level 6 in ISCED-97 corresponds to level 8 in ISCED-11.
For most countries the data on graduates in this table are shown according to ISCED-97 up to 2012 and according to ISCED-11 from 2013. However, for some countries the data were recalculated by the National Statistical Organizations according to ISCED-11 for earlier periods and provided both for ISCED-11 and ISCED-97 . In these particular cases, the sum of graduates at ISCED-11 levels 6 and 7 equals graduates at ISCED-97 level 5A, and, to avoid duplication, the data for every year are shown according to ISCED-11 only.
Differences between ISCED-11 and ISCED-97 may affect time series data for some countries and result in breaks in series.
With some exceptions, data on graduates refer to the calendar year.
General note:The joint UOE (UNESCO-UIS, OECD, EUROSTAT) 2005 data collection on graduates by fields of education and training was changed to include graduates who were awarded more than one degree in different fields (not within the same field). In previous years, these graduates were reported only once and pro-rated over the fields. This change affected data in very few countries as multiple graduations in different fields for the same reference year are negligible in most countries.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
Advanced research programmes do not exist.
Country: Armenia
The transition to ISCED-2011 is from 2013-2014 school year. From 2012 backwards, the data have been recalculated by the NSO based on ISCED-2011.
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (2000): Since 1997 the three-cycle degree structure (bachelor ? master ? doctoral) has been adopted following the Bologna process (due to changes in the national legislation)
Country: Bulgaria
Break in methodlogy (2007): The programs for training of medical nurses and maternity nurses have completed with qualification degree &
39;Bachelor&
39; since 2007 (due to changes in the national legislation). Medical nurses and maternity nurses education has moved from ISCED 5B to ISCED 5A since 2006.
Country: Canada
Reference period (1995 - 2013): Data refer to calendar year. e.g. data for graduates 2004-2005 refer to calendar year 2005.
Country: Croatia
Data refer to calendar year.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only government controlled area.
Country: Czechia
1980, 1990, 1995: data refer to graduates of full-time attendance only.
Country: Estonia
Up to 1990: advanced research programmes were not included in regular education.
Country: Georgia
Break in methodlogy (2010): Change in source
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (1980 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Germany
1980-1995: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification.
1980-1990: data refer to the former Federal Republic of Germany.
From 1995: data refer to the territory of Germany after reunification.
Country: Hungary
Change in definition (1980 - 2000): data refer to ISCED 1976 classification
Country: Iceland
2001-2005: data refer to calender year.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Change in definition (1995 - onwards): Data refer to state and non-state educational institutions.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (2000 - 2012): Data refer to the beginning of academic year.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (2013): Since 2013 data refer to the end of an academic year.
Country: Latvia
1990, 1995: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification.
Country: Lithuania
Data refer to calendar year.
Country: Luxembourg
Data refer to population aged 25-64.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
As of 2005/2006 school year, higher education, except medical and pharmaceutical, is carried out in two cycles (Licentiate and Master‘s). Students downcast to 2005/2006 academic year completed training on the rules according to the Bologna Declaration. In number of the graduates at the level 5A in 2008 includes those who received a diploma of higher education (before the adoption of the Bologna Declaration) and licentiate degree, and in 2010 and those who got master‘s diploma. Before 2009 data excluded foreigners. From 2012/2013 data are classified according to ISCED-2011.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Romania
Data are not available for advanced research programmes.
Country: Serbia
The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has no available data on the AP Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Slovakia
1995: data do not refer to ISCED 1997 classification.
Country: Slovenia
Data refer to calendar year.
Country: Spain
2005: Provisional data
Country: Sweden
1995: data refer to ISCED 1976 classification.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2005): Break in series due to the growth in some fields of studies for women such as teacher training or health in Universities of Applied Sciences.
Country: Switzerland
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997
Country: Tajikistan
Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data for advanced research programmes refer to end of year. Data for theoretical oriented programmes refer to June-July of reporting year.
Country: Turkey
Change in definition (1990 onwards): Data for theoretical oriented programmes include open education graduates. Data for advanced research programmes include medical interns and doctorate students.
Country: Turkey
Reference period (1990 onwards): Data refer to end of year.
Country: Ukraine
From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.
Country: Ukraine
Data with year T in the headings refers to the beginning of the school year T/T+1. Transition from ISCED-1997 to ISCED-2011 since the school year 2012/2013.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (OECD, EUROSTAT, CIS) official sources.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked or rescaled to build long consistent time series.
Wages common currency (US$) estimates: are computed by the UNECE Secretariat using the nominal exchange rates.
Gross average monthly wages cover total wages and salaries in cash and in kind, before any tax deduction and before social security contributions. They include wages and salaries, remuneration for time not worked, bonuses and gratuities paid by the employer to the employee. For most countries wages cover total economy and are expressed per full-time equivalent employee. This enables comparison of different countries irrespective of the length of working time and the share of part-time and full-time workers.
Where data are not available in full-time units, it has been mentioned in the note for the corresponding country. In these cases, the wages are either expressed for full-time workers only or total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
In the case of three countries, wages do not cover total economy. Iceland collects wages for the private sector only. Serbia excludes services provided by households, and Turkey excludes agriculture, fishing and forestry as well as services provided by households.
Three countries measure wages and salaries in cash only, excluding in kind remuneration. These are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia and Iceland.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
Data for the years 1991-1996 only cover wages in the public sector. Data from 1997 includes earnings in public and private sector. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
Country: Armenia
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Armenian dram = 200 old rubles. Data from 2012 and later include employers' statutory social security contributions.
Country: Azerbaijan
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the ruble: 1 new manat = 10 old rubles. 2006 redenomination of the ruble: 1 new manta = 5000 old rubles.
Country: Belarus
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1994 denomination of the Belarusian ruble: 1 new ruble = 10 old rubles. 2000 redenomination of the ruble: 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
The wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind, and the total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
Country: Bulgaria
1999 denomination of the Bulgarian leva: 1 new Bulgarian leva = 1000 old leva.
Country: Croatia
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Free lancers and craft workers are not included. 1994 denomination of the Croat dinar: 1 new Croatian Kuna = 1000 dinars.
Country: Cyprus
Data refer to full-time workers only. 2008: Euro has become the legal tender currency.
Country: Estonia
The total wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind. Estonian currency from 1st January 2011 is euro, prior to 2011 - Estonian kroon (EEK), 1992 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new kroon = 10 old rubles.
Country: Georgia
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1995 denomination of the lari-kupon: 1 new Georgian Lari = 1000000 old lari-kupon.
Country: Iceland
Data refer to full-time workers in the private sector only including manufacturing, construction, trade and transport. The wages include remuneration in cash only, not in kind.
Country: Israel
Data refer to average monthly wages per employee job total, including territories and foreigners. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
Country: Kazakhstan
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1992 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Kazakh tenge = 500 old rubles.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Kyrgyz = 200 old rubles. Data for 1990-2006 includes the value of housing.
Country: Latvia
2014: Euro has become the legal tender currency. 1992 denomination of the Latvian rubble: 1 new Latvian lat = 200 old Latvian talonas.
Country: Lithuania
2015: Euro has become the legal tender currency. 1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new litas = 100 old rubles.
Country: Luxembourg
2008: Euro has become the legal tender currency.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1993 denomination of the cupon: 1 new leu = 1000 old cupon.
Country: Montenegro
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers.
Country: Poland
1995 denomination of the Polish zloty: 1 new zloty = 10000 old zloty.
Country: Romania
1991 denomination of the Lei: 1 new Leu = 10 000 old Lei. 2005 redenomination of the Leu: 1 New Leu = 10000 old Leu.
Country: Russian Federation
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1998 denomination of the Russian ruble: 1 new ruble = 1000 old rubles.
Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.
Country: Serbia
1999 excludes Kosovo and Metohija. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Wages in services provided by households are not included, covers economic activities A-O (ISIC Rev.3).
Country: Slovakia
2009: Euro has become the legal tender currency.
Country: Tajikistan
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 2000 denomination of the Tajik ruble: 1 new Tajik somoni = 1000 old rubles.
Country: The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. Data before 1999 only include payment in cash. 1992 denomination of the Yugoslav dinar: 1 new Macedonian denar = 1 old Yugoslav dinar. 1993 redenomination of the Macedonian denar: 1 new Macedonian denar = 100 old Macedonian denar.
Country: Turkey
Turkey does not produce these data annually. Since 2008, the wages and salaries in education, heath and social work as well as in other community, social and personal services were included in the data. The data exclude agriculture, fishing and forestry as well as services provided by households. The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1995 denomination of the Lira: 1 New Turkish lira = one million old lira.
Country: Turkmenistan
1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 Turkmen Manat = 500 Soviet rubles. 2009 redenomination of the Turkmen manat: 1 New Turkman Manat = 5000 old Turkman Manat.
Country: Ukraine
The total wages are divided by the number of all employees including both full-time and part-time workers. 1996 denomination of the Karbovanets: 1 new Ukrainian hryvnia = 100000 old Karbovanets.
Country: Uzbekistan
1993 denomination of the Soviet ruble: 1 new Uzbekistan sum = 1000 old ruble.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
The published data contain editions to the values available in national reports.
Source: Joint COST Action FACESMAP/UNECE/FAO Enquiry on Forest Ownership in the ECE Region.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources
Definition: A university is an institution of higher education providing facilities for learning (and usually research) and authorised to grant academic degrees. Their main focus should be on ISCED 1997 level 5A or ISCED 2011 levels 6 and 7 programmes.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
Change in definition (2012): Data refers to personel only in public University
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (2008): data refer to 2009
Country: Cyprus
Territorial change (1990 onward): Government controlled area only.
Country: Denmark
Reference period (2011): Data refer to January 2012.
Country: Georgia
Change in definition (2000 onward): Data refer to institutions accredited by the Ministry of Education and Science.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Latvia
Reference period (2008): Data refer to 2009.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Additional information (1995 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Portugal
Additional information (2013): The changes relate to the merger of two public universities located in Lisbon, thus passing from 16 to 15 members.
Country: Slovakia
2015 data refer to 20 November 2015.
Country: Slovenia
Break in methodology (2012): The number includes heads of all public and private higher education institutions.
Country: Spain
Break in methodlogy (2013): The data are provided to the Women&
39;s Institute in 2014 by the Rector&
39;s Conference of the Spanish Universities
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2008): Data before 2008 refers to universityies only . As of 2008 data include universities and universities of applied sciences that cover the entire ISCED-97, level 5A/ISCED-11, level 7.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD) official sources.
Growth rates (per cent) for original data are calculated over the same period of previous year. For seasonally adjusted data growth rates are calculated over the previous period. For annual data growth rates are calculated over the previous year.
.. - data not available
Indicator
Industrial Production index, 2010=100
The industrial production index (IPI) measures real output and is expressed as a percentage of real output in a base year. IPI covers production output in mining, manufacturing and public utilities (electricity, gas and water), but excludes construction.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Geographical Coverage: Until 2005 refers to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only.
Country: France
Geographical Coverage: Data for France do not include the overseas departments (DOM).
Country: Georgia
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Country: Ireland
Industrial Production Index: Due to unavailable original time series, indices adjusted for differences in number of working days are provided.
Country: Israel
Designation and data provided by Israel.
The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria.
Country: Russian Federation
Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.
Country: Serbia
Geographical Coverage: from 1999 excludes Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Ukraine
Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not include all territory of Ukraine.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD) official sources.
Growth rates (per cent) for original data are calculated over the same period of previous year. For seasonally adjusted data growth rates are calculated over the previous period. For annual data growth rates are calculated over the previous year.
.. - data not available
Indicator
Industrial Production index, original, 2010=100
The industrial production index (IPI) measures real output and is expressed as a percentage of real output in a base year. IPI covers production output in mining, manufacturing and public utilities (electricity, gas and water), but excludes construction.
Industrial Production index, seasonally adjusted, 2010=100
The seasonally adjusted industrial production index statistics for the countries listed below are compiled as experimental series by UNECE and should be used with caution. The estimates are updated on monthly basis using the forward factors method, with seasonal reanalysis occurring once a year.
Countries for which UNECE compiles the experimental series:
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Serbia
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Geographical Coverage: Until 2005 refers to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only.
Country: France
Geographical Coverage: Data for France do not include the overseas departments (DOM).
Country: Georgia
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Country: Ireland
Industrial Production Index: Due to unavailable original time series, monthly indices adjusted for differences in number of working days are provided.
Country: Israel
Designation and data provided by Israel.
The position of the United Nations on the question of Jerusalem is contained in General Assembly resolution 181 (II) and subsequent resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council concerning this question. Data include East Jerusalem.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Geographical Coverage: from 1993 excludes Transnistria.
Country: Russian Federation
Data for Russian Federation was updated only until the end of 2013.
Country: Serbia
Geographical Coverage: from 1999 excludes Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Ukraine
Geographical coverage: from 2014, does not include all territory of Ukraine.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (WHO European health for all database, Eurostat and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources.
Definition:
The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births in a given year.
Country: Azerbaijan
Break in methodlogy (2000): Change in calculation methodology.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only government controlled area.
Country: Germany
From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers.
Country: Italy
Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refer to resident or non resident population.
Country: Malta
From 2001: data include foreign residents.
Country: Serbia
Break in methodlogy (2005): Change in data processing methodology.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Tajikistan
Additional information (1980 - 2012): Data are from births and deaths register.
Country: Ukraine
From 2014 data cover the territories under the government control.

.. - data not available
Source:UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources.
Definition: Use of Internet includes any kind of use, whether at home, at work or from anywhere else, for private or professional purposes, using a computer or any other means.
Users of Internet over three months period: proportion of individuals who used the Internet in the last three months preceding the survey over the total number of individuals in the same group.
Users of Internet over one week: proportion of individuals who used the internet at least once a week in the last three months preceding the survey over the total number of individuals in the same group.
Variable: Users of Internet over 3 months period , Country: Armenia
For 2013-2014 data refer to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last 12 months. Since 2015, to the proportion of persons who used a computer in the last three months.
Country: Armenia
Additional information (2004 - 2008): Data refer to percentage of persons using internet in households covered in Integrated household living standards survey.
Country: Azerbaijan
Break in methodology: from 2013 data also include users connected to Internet through mobile phones
Variable: Users of Internet over 3 months period , Country: Belarus
Refers to computer use in the past 12 months.
Country: Canada
Data for 'all ages' refer to persons aged 18 years or higher (16 years or higher for 2007); 16 to 24 refer to ages 18 to 34 (aged 16 to 34 for 2007); 25 to 54 refer to ages 35 to 54; and 55 to 74 refer to ages 55 to 64. Data do not include Inmates of institutions, persons living on Indian Reserves, and full time members of the Canadian Armed Forces. Data refer to Interent use in the 12 months preceding the survey; data follow closely the calendar year. Data include use of the Internet for personal, non-business reasons only.
2000-2003: data refer to the percentage of all households with at least one member regularly using the Internet from any location; data by age group are based on the age of the household head (who may or may not use the Internet).
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2002 - 2006): Data refer to population aged 20 and over.
Data refer to the proportion of persons who used a internet in the last month.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2008 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 20 and over.
Variable: Weekly users of Internet , Country: Kazakhstan
Data on weekly Internet use for age groups 16-74 and 16-24 refer to the population of 15-74 and 15-24 respectively.
Country: Russian Federation
Break in methodlogy (2011): Data refer to 16 - 74 year olds who use internet to the total number of persons in the relevant age group
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (2013): Data refer to age groups 16-72 and 55-72 instead of 16-74 and 55-74.
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (2013): Data refer to age groups 16-72 and 55-72 instead of 16-74 and 55-74.
Country: Serbia
Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition: For 2000 - 2013, data on All ages refer to age group 14-74; age group 16-24 refers to 14-24. Since 2014 onwards, age group 16-74 has been considered.
Country: Switzerland
Reference period: For 2000 - 2013 data refer to 6 months period: 2006 refer to Oct. 2005 to March 2006; the same applies to other years. From 2014 onwards the reference period is the last three months and the frequency is at least once a week.
Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2007 - 2013): Data refer to age groups 15-24 instead of 16-24 and 25-74 instead of 25-54. Data for 16-74 refer to all age groups.
Country: Ukraine
Territorial change (2007 - 2013): Excludes localities in the territory, which was radioactively contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster.
Country: United States
Change in definition (2007 - 2015): Data refer to civilian, non-institutionalized population. Age range is 15 and over. Data are not time or frequency specific, bur rather only about using the internet or email. Includes Internet use at home and away from home.
Country: United States
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989.
Country: United States
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:A journalist is a person whose profession is to write for newspapers or magazines or to prepare news or features to be broadcast on radio, television or electronic media. Journalists are defined by ISCO-08, code 2642 even though this group comprises some other related occupations.
.. - data not available
Country: Canada
Data based on National Occupational Classification 2006.
Country: Canada
Data exclude the 3 northern territories.
Country: Croatia
Data refer only to journalists who are members of the Croatian Journalists Association.
Country: Cyprus
Reference period (1990): data refer to 1989.
Country: Cyprus
Territorial change (1990 onward): data refer to Government controlled areas only.
Country: Czechia
Change in definition (1990 - 2001): Data refer to membership of the Syndicate of journalists only.
Country: Denmark
Data refer to november of preceding year. 2009: break in series, change in source.
Country: Finland
Break in methodology (2010): From 2010 data are corresponding to ISCO08.
Country: Iceland
Data refers to members of two associations of journalists at end of year.
Country: Ireland
Change in definition (2011 - 2013): Membership of National Union of Journalists.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2002 - 2006): Include all persons according definition of the occupational group 2451 Authors, journalists and other writers (a-l) (ISCO-88). Journalists are defined by ISCO 2451 even though this group comprises some other related occupations.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2010): Include all persons according definition of the occupational group 2642 Journalists (ISCO-08).
Country: Lithuania
Additional information (2011): Data by classification ISCO-08, group 2642.
Country: Norway
From 2011 data refer to ISCO-08 and average per year. Refers to ISCO-code 2641-51, 2656 combined.
Country: Romania
Change in definition (1990 - 2013): The figures represent the registered members of the Professional Journalists Union of Romania.
Country: Serbia
2015 data are for the membership in the Association of Serbian Journalists.
Country: Sweden
Change in nomenclature from ISCO-88 to ISCO-08 between 2013 and 2014.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2010): As of 2010, data are estimated from structural surveys realised annually within the framework of the new population census.
Measurement: Journalists , Country: Switzerland
Data are rounded by multiple of 1000.
Country: United Kingdom
Change in definition (2001): Data is based on the SOC2000 classification, codes 3412 (authors, writers) and 3431 (journalists, newspaper and periodical editors).

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:Judges are justice officers who hear and judge cases in courts of justice, instruct the jury on points of law, or pronounce judgement. Judges are defined according to ISCO-08,code 2612. Examples of the occupations classified are chief justice, judge, and magistrate.
.. - data not available
Country: Canada
Data based on National Occupational Classification 2006.
Country: Canada
Data exclude the 3 northern territories.
Country: Cyprus
Government controlled area only.
Country: Czechia
Reference period (1980): data refer to 1981.
Country: Czechia
Reference period (1990): data refer to 1991.
Country: Estonia
Reference period (1980 - 2011): Data refer to 31 December of preceding year. 2015: Data as of August 30, 2016.
Country: France
All judges at juridical courts.
Country: France
Geographic coverage: French Republic, including the overseas departments DOM (except Mayotte). Overseas collectivities (COM) are excluded.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (1995 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Germany
1990/1995 break in series: 1980, 1990: former territory of Federal Republic of Germany.
Country: Greece
Change in definition (2005 - 2009): Data include authorized associate judges and magistrates. Professional Judges or Magistrates means both full-time and part-time officials. Data for 2010 onwards: Magistrates are not included as figures are not available by sex.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (1995 onward): Data refers to judges in District courts and the Supreme Court.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data include the total number of judges of the Supreme Court, Regional Courts, and District (city) Courts.
Country: Latvia
Reference period (2003): data refer to 1st April 2004.
Country: Lithuania
Reference period (1990 - 2012): Reference period: selected day of the year ? at the end of the year (December 31).
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Additional information (1995 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Norway
ISCO-code 2611-2619 combined.
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data refer to the situation as of 1st of January of the following year.
Country: Switzerland
Data are rounded by multiple of 1000.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2010): From 2010 data refer to ISCO-08 classification, before 2010 data refer to ISCO-88 classification.
Country: Turkey
Change in definition: Up to 2008 data cover total judges. Since 2009, data cover only judges at judicial and administrative courts.
Country: United Kingdom
Change in definition (2001 - onwards): Includes Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, Heads of Division, Lord Justices of Appeal, High Court Judges, Circuit Judges (including judges of the Court of Technology & Construction), District Judges (including Family Division), Deputy District Judges (including Family Division), District Judges (Magistrates Courts), Deputy District Judges (Magistrates Courts).

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and ILO) official sources.
Definition:
The labour force/economically active population includes all residents who are either employed or unemployed.
The employed are all persons above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in the following categories:
(a) paid employment:
(a1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for wage or salary, in cash or in kind;
(a2) with a job but not at work: persons who, having already worked in their present job, were temporarily not at work during the reference period and had a formal attachment to their job;
(b) self-employment:
(b1) at work: persons who, during the reference period, performed some work for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind;
(b2) with an enterprise but not at work: persons with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for any specific reason.
The unemployed are all persons above a specific age who, during the reference period, were:
(a) without work, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment, and
(b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period, and
(c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified reference period to seek paid employment or self-employment.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
The economic activity rate is the share of the labour force (employed + unemployed) in the total population aged 15+.
General note: Data come from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified. Data from the LFS and from population censuses normally comply with the definition above.
.. - data not available
Country: Albania
Break in methodology (2001): Data from Population Census
Country: Albania
Break in methodology (2002): from 2002 to 2006, data are based on administrative registers
Country: Albania
Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Measurement: Economic activity rate , Country: Albania
Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for both sexes , Country: Albania
Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for both sexes , Country: Albania
Break in methodology (2002): from 2002 to 2006, data are based on administrative registers
Country: Armenia
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Data for 2007 refer to the age group 16-75. Since 2008 data refer to the age group 15-75.
2008: break in series, application of ILO definition.
2001 : data are from Population Census. For the period of 1980-2000 and 2002-2006 data on employment are based on integrated data received from various sources and data on unemployment are based on administrative register. Since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Country: Austria
1980-1990 : data refer to the national definition of labour force (Life Subsistence Concept). From 1995 : data comply with ILO definition.
1980 : age group 35-39 refers to 30-39; age group 45-49 refers to 40-49; age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Azerbaijan
1990-1995 : data are based on administrative registers and may not cover all active persons. From 2000 : data comply with ILO definition.
Age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Belarus
Data refer to registered persons. Since 2012 data for age group 60-64 refer to persons 60+
Measurement: Economic activity rate , Country: Belarus
Break in methodlogy (1990): data refer to 1989 and come from 1989 Population Census
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for both sexes , Country: Belarus
Break in methodlogy (1990): data refer to 1989 and come from 1989 Population Census
Measurement: Economic activity rate , Country: Belarus
Break in methodlogy (2000): data refer to 1999 and come from 1999 Population Census
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for both sexes , Country: Belarus
Break in methodlogy (2000): data refer to 1999 and come from 1999 Population Census
Country: Belgium
1980 : data refer to 1985.
Country: Bulgaria
1990 : data refer to 1993.
Country: Canada
1980 : age group 25-29 refers to 25-44; age group 45-49 refers to 45-54; age group 55-59 refers to 55-64; age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
1990 : age group 25-29 refers to 25-34; age group 35-39 refers to 35-44; age group 45-49 refers to 45-54; age group 55-59 refers to 55-64.
from 1995 onwards: age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Croatia
1990 : data refer to 1991. 2000 : data refer to 1998.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
1990 : data refer to 1992. 1995 : official estimates.
Country: Czechia
1990 : data refer to 1991.
Country: Denmark
1980 : data refer to 1985.
1995 and 2000 : age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Estonia
1990 and 1995 : data refer to the economically active population aged 15-69. From 2000 : data refer to the economically active population aged 15-74.
Country: Finland
Data refer to the economically active population aged 15-74.
Country: France
Since 2014 data include the French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane, La Reunion) with the exception of Mayotte.
Measurement: Active persons (in thousands) , Country: Georgia
Active population - Age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Measurement: Percent of corresponding total for both sexes , Country: Georgia
Active population - Age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Germany
1980 : data refer to 1985.
Country: Greece
1980 : data refer to 1985.
Country: Iceland
1980 : data are based on registers. 1990 : data refer to 1991.
From 1990 : age group 15+ refers to 16-74; age group 15-19 refers to 16-19; age group 70+ refers to 70-74.
Country: Ireland
1980 : data refer to 1985.
Country: Israel
1995: data are from 1995 Census.
As of 2001 data are based on new weighting groups.
As of 2009, data are based on the 2008 Population Census estimates and on updated definition of the labour force characteristics. From 2012 active population age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Italy
1980-1990 : data refer to the economically active population aged 14+, which includes the persons who have been seeking employment in the last 6 months. From 1995 : data refer to the economically active population aged 15+, which includes the persons who have been seeking employment in the last 30 days.
Country: Kazakhstan
1990 data refer to 1989. 1995 data refer to 1997. From 2013 - active population age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
1990 : data refer to 1989. 2000 : data comes from 1999 Population Census. 2003: break in series: change in methodology. From 2011 active population age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Latvia
1990 : data refer to 1989. 1995 : data refer to 1996.
Country: Lithuania
1990 : data refer to 1989. 1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: Luxembourg
1980 : data refer to 1985.
Country: Malta
2000 : data refer to 1999.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
From 2011 age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Montenegro
Some data not shown due to lack of reliability (CV>=0.3).
Country: Netherlands
1980 : data refer to 1985.
Country: Norway
From 1995: age group 70+ refers to the age group 70-74.
Country: Poland
1990 : data refer 1992.
Country: Portugal
1990 : age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Romania
1990 : official estimates.
1995 : data refer to the economically active population aged 14+. Age group 70+ refers to the age group 70-74.
Country: Russian Federation
1990 : data refer to 1989. 2000 : data refer to 1999.
1995 : age group 30-34 refers to 30-49; age group 60-64 refers to 60+.
From 2000 : age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Serbia
From 2000 : data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija. From 2007 active population age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Slovenia
1990 : data refer to 1991.
Country: Spain
Age group 70+ refers to the age group 70-74.
Country: Sweden
Age group 15-19 refers to 16-19.
1980 and 1995-2005 : data refer to the economically active population aged 16+. 1990 : data refer to the economically active population aged 16-64.
Country: Switzerland
From 2000: age group 70+ refers to the age group 70-74.
Country: Turkey
2000 : data refer to 1999.
1980-2000 : data refer to the economically active population aged 12+.
Age group 65-69 refers to 65+.
Country: Ukraine
Data refer to the age group 15-70, excluding institutional population.
Geographical coverage: excludes zone I and II contaminated by the radiation from Chernobyl.
Country: United Kingdom
1980 : data refer to 1985.
Country: United States
Data refer to the economically active population aged 16+. Active population age group 65-69 refers to 65+.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat, UN Statistics Division Demographic Yearbook, WHO European health for all database and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources.
Definition: Legal abortions refer to legally induced early foetal deaths and do not cover spontaneous abortions (i.e. miscarriages).
The abortion rate is defined as the number of abortions per 1000 live births during a given year.
General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Country: Austria
Additional information (1990 - 2012): Data refer to abortions carried out in hospitals.
Country: Azerbaijan
Data include illegal abortions.
Country: Canada
2002-2005 : data do not cover abortions performed on non-Canadian residents.
Country: France
Data do not cover overseas territories.
Country: Georgia
From 1995 : data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Country: Israel
Data include East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by Israeli military forces since June 1967.
Data refer to applications for abortions and not to actual abortions performed.
Country: Italy
Incomplete data for the mentioned years and Regions: 1990 (Piemonte), 1995 (Piemonte), 2002 (Campania), 2003 (Campania), 2004 (Sicilia), 2005 (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Molise, Campania, Sicilia), 2006 (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Campania, Sicilia), 2007 (Campania).
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Data include spontaneous abortions (i.e. miscarriages).
Country: Netherlands
Data refer to abortions performed on women living in the Netherlands.
Country: Russian Federation
Additional information (1995 - 2012): Data include interruption of pregnancy for the total of 21 weeks.
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy (2004): A new data collection system took place following the legal changes regarding abortion in 2002.
Country: Tajikistan
Data include menstrual cycle regulation procedures (also known as mini-abortions) carried out within the first 5 to 6 weeks of a possible pregnancy.
Country: United Kingdom
Change in definition (1980 - 2012): Data include residents and non-residents.
Country: United Kingdom
Territorial change (1980 - onwards): Data do not cover Northern Ireland.

Country: Russian Federation
Data come from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MIA of Russia). These data only include the number of fatalities and injured at railway level crossings outside the train.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (WHO European health for all database, Eurostat and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources.
Definition:
Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn is expected to live, if the prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of her/his birth were to stay the same throughout her/his life.
Life expectancy at 65 is the average number of years a person at the age of 65 is expected to live, if the prevailing patterns of mortality at the time when she/he has reached the age of 65 were to stay the same throughout the rest of her/his life.
.. - data not available
Country: Azerbaijan
Life expectancy at birth 1980 : data refer to 1981.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Life expectancy at birth 1980 : data refer to 1985.
Life expectancy at birth 1995: data refer to the period 1990-1995.
Country: Canada
Data are calculated with a method that uses three years of data (e.g. 2007 data refers to 2005-2007). For further explanation, please refer to statistics Canada website. Reference period 2007-2012 is using an updated methodology. For further explanation, please refer to statistics Canada website.
Country: Croatia
1980 : data refer to 1985.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only government controlled area.
Country: Germany
From 3 October 1990: data refer to the Federal Republic within its frontiers.
Country: Malta
From 2001: data include foreign residents.
Country: Serbia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1990-1991 respectively.
Country: Serbia
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1994-1995 respectively.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Tajikistan
Reference period (1980): data refer to 1980/1981.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat) official sources.
Definition:
The unemployed are all the persons above a specific age who, during the reference period, were:
(a) without work, i.e. were not in paid employment or self-employment, and
(b) currently available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period, and
(c) seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified reference period to seek paid employment or self-employment.
For additional information, see the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).
The long-term unemployed are the persons who have been unemployed for 12 months or more.
The long-term unemployment rate is the share of the long-term unemployed in the total unemployed population.
General note: Data comes from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) unless otherwise specified.
Units of measurement: Long-term unemployed persons are shown in thousands. Long-term unemployed rates are shown as a percentage of all unemployed persons.
Country: Albania
Change in definition (1995 - 2012): Data refer to registered long-term unemployment.
Country: Armenia
Up to 2006: data refer to the population aged 16-63 and based on administrative register.
Break in methodlogy: 2007 data refer to population aged 16-75.
Break in methodlogy: from 2008 data refer to the population aged 15-75 and compiled according to ILO definition.
Break in methodlogy: from 2007 to 2013 data are based on the Integrated Survey of the Household Living Standards.
Break in methodlogy: since 2014 data are based on the Labour Force Survey.
Country: Belarus
Data refer to registered unemployment.
Country: Belgium
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Bulgaria
1990 : data refer to 1993.
Country: Canada
Data do not cover the three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest and Nunavuk ).
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus.
1980-1990 : data refer to the persons who have been unemployed for 6 months or more.
Country: Czechia
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: Denmark
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Estonia
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: France
Data do not cover the overseas departments (DOM).
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2002 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region
Country: Germany
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Greece
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (1990): Data refer to population aged 16-74.
Data refer to 1991.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (1995 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 16-74.
Country: Ireland
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2000): In 1998: 1) Changes in the weighting method; 2) Transition to the 1995 Population Census estimates; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/saka_y/e_intro_f1_comparison-mimi.f
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2009): 1) Update of the definition of the civilian labour force characteristics; 2) Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications11/1460/pdf/intro05_e.pdf
Country: Israel
Break in methodlogy (2012): 1) Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS; 2) Changes in the definitions of labour force characteristics (including compulsory and permanent military service into labour force). See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/labour_survey04/labour_f--orce_survey/answer_question_e_2012.pdf
Country: Israel
Change in definition (1980): Data refers to population 14+.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (2005): 1) Update of the definitions of labour force characteristics; 2) Changes in the Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities; See explanations: http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/publications/saka_change/tch_e.pdf
Country: Italy
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Break in methodlogy (2002): Data are based on household survey
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Break in methodlogy (2003): From 2003, data are based on household income and labour force surveys.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Data refer to registered long-term unemployment.
Country: Latvia
1995 : data refer to 1996 and to the persons who have been unemployed for 13 months or more.
1995/2000 : break in series due to adjustment to the results of 2000 Population Census.
Country: Luxembourg
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Moldova, Republic of
Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender
Country: Netherlands
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Poland
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: Portugal
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Romania
1995 : data refer to 1997.
Country: Russian Federation
Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data present the population aged 15-72 years
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Country: Russian Federation
Territorial change (1990 - 2006): Data do not include the Chechen Republic
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Slovenia
1995 : data refer to 1996.
Country: Spain
1990 : data refer to 1992.
Country: Switzerland
Data refer to the permanent resident population.
1990 : data refer to 1991.
Country: Turkey
Break in series (2014): Since 2014 series are not comparable with the previous years due to methodological changes in LFS.
Country: Turkey
Break in methodlogy (2004): Data are revised according to the 2008 population projections.
Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data present the number of unemployed (ILO definition) aged 15-70 years who is seeking work 12 months or more.
Country: Ukraine
Territorial change (2000 - 2012): Data do not cover the area of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl disaster.
Country: United Kingdom
1990 : data refer to 1992.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series.
The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993).
Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components.
Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note.
Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources.
General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series.
The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993).
Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.
Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components.
Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive. For more details see the composition of regions note.
Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources.
Definition: The mean age at first marriage is the weighted average of the different ages (limited at age 50), using as weights the age-specific marriage rates for first marriages only.
General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified.
.. - data not available
Country: Belarus
Data are based on events and include all ages.
Country: Belgium
Change in definition (2000-2015): both spouses are single before the marriage. In the preceding table, each spouse was selected separetely.
Country: Belgium
Since 2003, marriages between persons of the same sex are included.
Country: Belgium
Change in definition (1980 - 2015): Data are based on events. The ages taken into account are not limited to 50.
Country: Canada
Change in definition (1995 - 2002): Data are based on events. Age refers to completed years.
Country: Canada
Change in definition (1995 - 2002): Data are based on events. Age refers to completed years.
Country: Canada
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1998
Country: Canada
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1998
Country: Croatia
Data are based on events.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only government controlled area.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only government controlled area.
Country: Denmark
Data are based on events.
Country: France
Data do not cover overseas territories. 2007, 2008: Preliminary data.
Country: Germany
Change in definition (1980 - 2012): Data are based on events and include all ages.
Country: Germany
Change in definition (1980 - 2012): Data are based on events and include all ages.
Country: Germany
Territorial change (1980 - 1990): Data refer to the former territory of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Country: Germany
Territorial change (1980 - 1990): Data refer to the former territory of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Country: Greece
Before 1991: data were based on the de facto population. From 1991: data are based on the de jure population. Break in time series in 2000. Before 2000 mean age was calculated on the basis of events. From 2000 onwards calculations are based on rates.
Country: Hungary
Data are based on events and include all ages.
Country: Iceland
Data are based on events and include all ages.
Country: Ireland
Data are based on events and include all ages. Data refer to year of registration which can include data from previous years.
Country: Ireland
Data cover Republic of Ireland only.
Country: Israel
Change in definition (1980 - 1995): Data are based on events
Country: Italy
Data related to 2002-2011 are calculated using intercensal register population estimates. From 1980 to 2003 the mean age at first marriage is based on events, not on rates.
Country: Malta
Data refer to the average of the different ages.
Country: Norway
Break in methodology (1995): Calculation of per cent unmarried at age 50.
Country: Portugal
Data are based on events by age groups, using as weights the middle point of each age group, from 16 until 75 and over. From 2010 figures include same-sex civil marriages.
Country: Serbia
Data are based on events and include all ages. From 1997: data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Spain
Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Data are limited to age 60.
Country: Spain
Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Data are limited to age 60.
Country: Sweden
Break in methodlogy (2009): Includes same -sex marriages.
Country: Sweden
Break in methodlogy (2009): Includes same -sex marriages.
Country: United Kingdom
Additional information (1980 - 2010): Data are not standardised and take no account of the structure of the population by age or marital status.
Country: United Kingdom
Additional information (1980 - 2010): Data are not standardised and take no account of the structure of the population by age or marital status.
Country: United Kingdom
Territorial change (1980 - onwards): Data refer to England and Wales only.
Country: United Kingdom
Territorial change (1980 - onwards): Data refer to England and Wales only.
Country: United States
1980-1990: based on the actual marriages. From 1995: estimates of the median age at first marriage.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (Eurostat and UNICEF TransMONEE) official sources.
Definition: The mean age of women at birth of first child is the weighted average of the different childbearing ages, using as weights the age-specific fertility rates of first-order births.
General note: Data come from registers, unless otherwise specified. Data for 2010 come from the European Demographic Data Sheet (Wittgenstein Centre) for the following countries: Albania, Cyprus, Malta, Montenegro, Sweden and Turkey.
Country: Belgium
Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data are based on events.
Country: Canada
2000 : data refer to 1999.
Country: Cyprus
Data cover only the government controlled area.
Data are based on events and not on fertility rates.
Break in series - 2010: change is source.
Country: Finland
Change in definition (1980): Data refer to children born in marriages.
Country: France
Break in series - 2007: change is source.
Country: Georgia
From 1995 : data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Tshinvali).
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (2009): From 2009 data refer to biological birth order.
Country: Germany
Change in definition (1980 - 2008): Data refer to children born in marriages. Data are based on events.
Country: Germany
Territorial change (1980 - 1990): Data cover only West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany).
Country: Germany
Territorial change (1995 - 2012): Data refer to reunified Germany, i.e. include the ex-German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
Country: Greece
Before 1991: data were based on the de facto population. From 1991: data are based on the de jure population. Break in time series in 2000. Before 2000 mean age was calculated on the basis of events. From 2000 onwards calculations are based on rates.
Country: Ireland
Data are based on events and not on fertility rates. For 2007-2008, data refer to yera of registration and could include data from previous years.
Country: Ireland
Data cover the Republic of Ireland only.
Country: Israel
Data are based on events.
Country: Italy
Additional information (2000 - 2011): Since 1/1/1999 data by birth order are estimated using resident population registers and sample surveys. Data related to 2002-2011 are calculated using intercensal register population estimates.
Country: Luxembourg
Change in definition (1995 - onwards): Data are based on events
Country: Malta
Data refer to the average of the different childbearing ages of first-order births.
Country: Montenegro
Break in series - 2010: change is source.
Country: Norway
Data is calculated based on actual age at first births.
Country: Portugal
Data are based on events by age groups, using as weights the middle point of each five years age groups, from 15 to 49
Country: Russian Federation
From 2000: break in series; estimates based on available data from territories that produce data on birth by order and single ages of mother.
Country: Serbia
Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Sweden
Break in series - 2010: change in source.
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (1980 - 2012): Data refer to married women only.
Country: United Kingdom
Territorial change (2000 - onwards): Data refer to England and Wales.

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources
Definition: The municipal council is the local government body that administers the territory at the lowest administrative level of a country. Local administrative levels are defined by each country. The administrative levels as referred to by the NUTS might serve as a starting point for EU and candidate countries.
.. - data not available
Country: Belarus
Change in definition (2002 - 2015): Data include heads of villages, township and urban (cities under district jurisdiction) executive committees and their deputies. Since 2015, data also include heads of local administrations of cities under regional jurisdiction.
Country: Bulgaria
Change in definition (1995 - 2008): Data refer to Municipal councillors.
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996.
Country: Croatia
Change in definition (1995 - 2013): Data refer to members (representatives) of 21 county assemblies of the Republic of Croatia.
Country: Croatia
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1993
Country: Croatia
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1997
Country: Cyprus
Government controlled area only.
Country: France
Data include mayors as well as members of municipal councils.
Country: France
Reference period (1980): data refer to 1983.
Country: Georgia
Territorial change (2006 onward): Data do not cover Abkhazia AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Iceland
Data of the reference year refer to most recent results of local government elections.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Based on the election of municipal councils. Data excludes mayors.
Country: Russian Federation
Reference period (2000 - 2013): Data refer to the situation as of 1st of January of the following year.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (2004 - 2012): Data exclude territory of Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Slovakia
Reference period (2014): Data refer to November, 15, 2014.
Country: Spain
Data do not include members of the Provincial Deputations, Statutory Deputations, Town Councils and Island Councils. In 2015 there are 4 record for which sex is unknown.
Country: Sweden
Change in definition (2002): Data take into account re-election in Orsa in 2003.
Country: Sweden
Change in definition (2010): Data take into account re-election in Orebro in 2011.
Country: Sweden
Change in definition (2014): Data do not take into account re-election in Bastad in 2015.
Country: Switzerland
Change in definition (2001 - onwards): Data include municipalities with at least 10000 inhabitants and the number of those municipalities is changing over years.
Country: Turkey
Change in definition (2004 - 2009): Data include Mayors, City councillors and Members of Provincial Assemblies.
Country: United Kingdom
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1997

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international official sources (Inter-Parliamentary Union).
Definition: Members of parliament are the persons elected to the lower or single house by the persons entitled to vote in the country. The parliament is the legislative or deliberative assembly; one or more chambers or assemblies that form (or form part of) the legislature of a country. Data refer to the lower or single house.
General note: Data refer to 1st July of the reference year.
Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
1980: data refer to 1978.
Country: Bulgaria
1995: data refer to 1997.
Country: Canada
1995: data refer to 1997
Country: Croatia
In 1980 and 1990, the Croatian Parliament was differently structured (there were more deputies, there was no division on upper and lower house of parliament).
Country: Cyprus
1995: data refer to 1997. Geographical coverage: data refer to Government controlled areas only.
Country: Czechia
Until 1992 data refer to deputies of Czech National Council, later to members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic.
Country: Estonia
1990: data refer to 1992 when the first parliament elections took place.
Country: France
1980: data refer to the 1981 election.
Country: Georgia
Excluding Abkhaz AR and Tskhinvali Region.
Country: Germany
In 1990, the total number of members was increased because of German reunification. 1995: data refer to 1994
Country: Greece
1995: data refer to 1996
Country: Israel
1995: data refer to 1996
Country: Italy
1995: data refer to 1996
Country: Lithuania
1990: data refer to 1992. 1995: data refer to 1996.
Country: Norway
1980: data refer to 1981. 1990: data refer to 1989.
Country: Poland
1995: data refer to 1997
Country: Romania
1995: data refer to 1996
Country: Slovakia
1990: data refer to 1992.
Country: Slovenia
1995: data refer to 1992
Country: Spain
1995: data refer to 1996
Country: Switzerland
1980: data refer to 1979. 1990: data refer to 1991. 2000: data refer to 1999. 2001: data refer to 2003
Country: United States
1995: date refer to 1996

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

.. - data not available
Country: Cyprus
''Petrol'' includes both diesel and petrol hybrid vehicles.
Country: Greece
Includes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad.
Country: Hungary
Includes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad. ''Petrol'' and ''diesel'' vehicles exclude hybrid vehicles.
Country: Latvia
Includes vehicles that have been manufactured in the indicated or previous year only.
Country: Lithuania
Includes new and re-registered vehicles.
Country: Serbia
Refers to number of first time registered vehicles in the previous 2 years.
Country: United Kingdom
Data refer to Great Britain.

Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
''Light goods road vehicles'' include ''Road tractors''. ''Trailers'' include ''Semi-trailers''.
Country: Slovakia
Light goods road vehicles refer to all lorries.
Country: Bulgaria
Light goods road vehicles refer to all lorries.
Country: Croatia
For data prior to 2015, refers to all lorries
Country: Czechia
''Motor coaches, buses and trollyebuses'' excludes trolleybuses.
Country: Estonia
''Trailers'' include semi-trailers.
Country: Greece
Includes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad.
Country: Hungary
Includes both new vehicles and used vehicles from abroad.
Country: Latvia
Includes vehicles that have been manufactured in the indicated or previous year only.
Country: Lithuania
Includes new and re-registered vehicles.
Country: Portugal
From 1996 new semi trailers include new trailers.
Country: Romania
Motorcycles includes mopeds. Light goods road vehicles refers to lorries up to 2,999 kg.
Country: Serbia
Refers to number of first time registered vehicles in the previous 2 years.
Country: United Kingdom
Data refer to Great Britain.
Country: United States
Lorries refers to lorries over 10,000 pounds.
Type of Vehicle: New light goods vehicles
For data prior to 2013, refers to all lorries.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
Source: Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO Questionnaire on Pan-European Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.
Country: Russian Federation
The source of the data of Russian Federation is the National Report for the Joint Forest Europe / UNECE / FAO reporting on quantitative pan-European indicators 2011.

Country: Bulgaria
Vessels owned by national operators for hire and reward and own account.
Country: Czechia
Class I to IV.
Country: Russian Federation
From 2012 onward ''1950-1969'' refers to ''Up to 1969''

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database.
Definitions:
Railway vehicle : Mobile equipment running exclusively on rails, moving either under its own power (locomotives and railcars) or hauled by another vehicle (coaches, railcar trailers, vans and wagons).
The following vehicles are included in the statistics for a principal railway enterprise:
(a) All railway vehicles belonging to the principal railway enterprise and hired by it and actually at its disposal, including those under or waiting for repair, or stored in working or non-working order, and foreign vehicles at the disposal of the system and vehicles of the enterprise temporarily engaged in the normal course of running abroad, or upon secondary railway enterprises’ network.
(b) Private owners’ wagons, i.e. those not belonging to the principal railway enterprise but registered on it and authorized to run on it under specified conditions, together with wagons hired out by the railway enterprise to private persons and being operated as private owners’ wagons.
Statistics for a principal railway enterprise exclude vehicles not at its disposal, i.e.
(a) Foreign or secondary railway enterprise vehicles temporarily on railway lines of the principal railway enterprise in the normal course of running.
(b) Vehicles which are on hire to, or otherwise at the disposal of, other railway enterprises
(c) Vehicles reserved exclusively for service transport, or intended for sale, breaking-up or condemning.
Locomotive : Railway vehicle equipped with prime mover and motor or with motor only used for hauling railway vehicles.
Only vehicles with a power of 110 kW and above at the draw hook are classed as locomotives; vehicles with less power being described as “light rail motor tractors” are excluded. Light rail motor tractor is low power tractive unit used for shunting or for work trains and short-distance or low-tonnage terminal services. The special non-passenger tractive units for high speed trains are included, even when these vehicles are part of an indivisible set.
Steam locomotive : Locomotive, whether cylinder or turbine driven, in which the source of power is steam irrespective of the type of fuel used.
Electric locomotive : Locomotive with one or more electric motors, deriving current primarily from overhead wires or conductor rails or from accumulators carried on the locomotive. A locomotive so equipped which has also an engine (diesel or other) to supply current to the electric motor when it cannot be obtained from an overhead wire or from a conductor rail is classed as an electric locomotive.
Diesel locomotive : Locomotive, the main source of power of which is a diesel engine, irrespective of the type of transmission installed. However, diesel-electric locomotives equipped to derive power from an overhead wire or from a conductor rail are classed as electric locomotives.
Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order.
.. - data not available
Country: Lithuania
Number of railcars in 2013 includes trainsets.
Country: United States
Includes only Class I freight railroads.

Country: Bulgaria
Vessels owned by national operators for hire and reward and own account.
Country: Czechia
Constructed up to 1974 refers to up to 1970. Constructed 1975-1999 refers to 1970-1999.
Country: United Kingdom
Data refer to Great Britain.

Country: Bulgaria
Vessels owned by national operators for hire and reward and own account.
Country: Czechia
Class I to IV. Constructed up to 1974 refers to up to 1970. Constructed 1975-1999 refers to 1970-1999.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Transport Division Database.
Definitions:
Self propelled barge : IWT freight vessel having its own means of mechanical propulsion. Towed barges, pushed barges and pushed-towed barges which have an auxiliary engine only must be regarded as towed barges, pushed barges or pushed-towed barges as the case may be. The fact that a self-propelled barge can be used for towing does not change its nature.
Self-propelled vessel for river-sea navigation : IWT freight vessel having a carrying capacity of at least 20 tonnes also designed for the transport of goods by sea and equipped with their own means of propulsion developing at least 37 Kw.
Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order.Country: BulgariaVessels owned by national operators for hire and reward and own account.Country: CzechiaClass I to IV.Country: Russian FederationFrom 2012 onward ''1950-1969'' refers to ''Up to 1969''

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
The published data contain editions to the values available in national reports.
Source: Joint COST Action FACESMAP/UNECE/FAO Enquiry on Forest Ownership in the ECE Region.
Year 2015 stands for recent available year the data provided for.
Country: Finland
Finland reported the objectives of ownership according to the national classification. Please refer to the national report to see the reported values.

To view the original national data please open the questionnaires.
The published data contain editions to the values available in national reports.
Source: Joint COST Action FACESMAP/UNECE/FAO Enquiry on Forest Ownership in the ECE Region.
Year 2015 stands for recent available year the data provided for.

.. - data not available
Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources.
Definition:One parent families are families composed by a lone parent with one or more children.
A child refers to a blood, step- or adopted son or daughter (regardless of age or marital status) who has usual residence in the household of the parent, and who has no partner or own child(ren) in the same household.
General note: Data come from population censuses, micro-censuses and household sample surveys, unless otherwise specified.
Country: Armenia
Change in definition (2004 - onwards): Children under age 15 actually correspond to those under 18.
Country: Austria
Break in methodlogy (2004): Change in data collection procedure.
Country: Austria
Break in methodlogy (2004): Change in data collection procedure.
Country: Belarus
Change in definition (2000 - 2009): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.
Country: Belarus
Change in definition (2000 - 2009): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.
Country: Belarus
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.
Country: Belarus
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.
Country: Belgium
Break in methodlogy (2000 - 2008): data are from population register
Country: Belgium
Break in methodlogy (2000 - 2008): data are from population register
Country: Belgium
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Belgium
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Belgium
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Belgium
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1985
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1985
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2011
Country: Bulgaria
Reference period (2010): Data refer to 2011
Country: Canada
Break in methodlogy (2001): Change in definition of children.
Country: Canada
Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refer to children under 15 in lone parent families
Country: Canada
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Canada
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Canada
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996
Country: Croatia
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to population with permanent residence irrespective of actual residence and duration.
Country: Croatia
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to population with permanent residence irrespective of actual residence and duration.
Country: Croatia
Change in definition (2001 - 2011): Data refer to usual resident population.
Country: Croatia
Change in definition (2001 - 2011): Data refer to usual resident population.
Country: Croatia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Croatia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Croatia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Croatia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Cyprus
Territorial change (2011): Data cover only government controlled area.
Country: Cyprus
Territorial change (2011): Data cover only government controlled area.
Country: Czechia
Refer to one parent families with economically inactive dependent children aged 0-25.
Country: Czechia
Refer to one parent families with economically inactive dependent children aged 0-25.
Country: Estonia
Change in definition (2001 - 2007): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.
Country: Estonia
Change in definition (2008 onward): Data refer to one parent families with children aged 0?17 and persons aged 18-24 who are economically inactive and living with at least one parent.
Country: France
Break in methodlogy (2006 - 2010): The census is based on annual data collection, successively surveying all the municipal territories over a five-year period.
Country: France
Break in methodlogy (2006 - 2010): The census is based on annual data collection, successively surveying all the municipal territories over a five-year period.
Country: France
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.
Country: France
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.
Country: France
Territorial change (1990 - 2010): Data cover Metropolitan France and overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, French Guiana)
Country: France
Territorial change (1990 - 2010): Data cover Metropolitan France and overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, French Guiana)
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (1980): From 1980 to 2004, data refer to one reporting week
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (1980): From 1980 to 2004, data refer to one reporting week
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (2005): From 2005, annual avarage figures
Country: Germany
Break in methodlogy (2005): From 2005, annual avarage figures
Country: Germany
Change in definition (1980 - 1995): Data refer to single mother/father with or without a partner living in the same household (but not married)
Country: Germany
Change in definition (1980 - 1995): Data refer to single mother/father with or without a partner living in the same household (but not married)
Country: Germany
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to single mother/father without a partner living in the same houshold
Country: Germany
Change in definition (2000 - 2012): Data refer to single mother/father without a partner living in the same houshold
Country: Germany
Territorial change (1980 - 1990): Data refer to the former territory of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Country: Germany
Territorial change (1980 - 1990): Data refer to the former territory of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Country: Hungary
Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 15 and never married.
Country: Hungary
Change in definition (1980 - 2011): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 15 and never married.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (1980 - 1995): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 16.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (1980 - 1995): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 16.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (2000): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.
Country: Iceland
Change in definition (2000): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.
Country: Ireland
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996
Country: Ireland
Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996
Country: Israel
Break in methodology (2012): The Labour Force Survey has been changed from a quarterly format to a monthly format.
Country: Israel
Children in one parent families where at least 1 child under 15 refer to children of any age in one parent families
Country: Kazakhstan
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.
Country: Kazakhstan
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999.
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979 Censuses (17 January)
Measurement: Number of families , Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Censuses (12 January)
Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (2000): Data refer to 1999 Censuses (24 March)
Measurement: Percent of all one parent families , Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Censuses (12 January)
Measurement: Children in one parent families , Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Censuses (12 January)
Measurement: Percent of all children in one parent families , Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Censuses (12 January)
Measurement: Average number of children in one parent families , Country: Kyrgyzstan
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Censuses (12 January)
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2011): In 2011 Census in Latvia the housekeeping concept of household was used instead of the household-dwelling concept used in the previous 2000 Census.
Country: Latvia
Change in definition (2011): In 2011 Census in Latvia the housekeeping concept of household was used instead of the household-dwelling concept used in the previous 2000 Census.
Country: Lithuania
Change in definition (2001 - 2011): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.
Country: Lithuania
Change in definition (2001 - 2011): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Luxembourg
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Measurement: Number of families , Country: Malta
Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18 or in the age group 18-24 who are inactive.
Data refer to number of households composed of one adult and one or more dependent children irrespective of the relationship between adult and child.
Measurement: Children in one parent families , Country: Malta
Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18 or in the age group 18-24 who are inactive.
Data refer to number of households composed of one adult and one or more dependent children irrespective of the relationship between adult and child.
Measurement: Average number of children in one parent families , Country: Malta
Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18 or in the age group 18-24 who are inactive.
Data refer to number of households composed of one adult and one or more dependent children irrespective of the relationship between adult and child.
Country: Montenegro
Change in definition (2003 - 2010): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 25.
Country: Montenegro
Change in definition (2003 - 2010): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 25.
Country: Norway
Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18. See more about definitions: http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/familie/aar/20--16-04-14?fane=om
content
Country: Poland
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1978
Country: Poland
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1978
Country: Poland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1988
Country: Poland
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1988
Country: Portugal
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Portugal
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Romania
Change in definition (1990): The reference is for the children in one parent families where at least 1 child is under 25
Country: Romania
Change in definition (1990): The reference is for the children in one parent families where at least 1 child is under 25
Country: Romania
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Country: Romania
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992
Measurement: Children in one parent families , Country: Russian Federation
Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 15.
Measurement: Percent of all children in one parent families , Country: Russian Federation
Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 15.
Measurement: Average number of children in one parent families , Country: Russian Federation
Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 15.
Country: Serbia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981.
Country: Serbia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981.
Country: Serbia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991.
Country: Serbia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (1980): Data refer to the whole territory of the Republic of Serbia
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (1980): Data refer to the whole territory of the Republic of Serbia
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (1990 - 2011): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Serbia
Territorial change (1990 - 2011): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.
Country: Slovakia
Additional information (1980 - 1990): Detailed data from the 1980 and 1991 census about children in one parent-families are not available.
Country: Slovakia
Additional information (1980 - 1990): Detailed data from the 1980 and 1991 census about children in one parent-families are not available.
Country: Slovakia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Slovakia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Slovenia
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to de jure population and one parent families with never married children
Country: Slovenia
Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to de jure population and one parent families with never married children
Country: Slovenia
Change in definition (2002): Data refer to de facto population.
Country: Slovenia
Change in definition (2002): Data refer to de facto population.
Country: Slovenia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Slovenia
Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981
Country: Slovenia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Slovenia
Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991
Country: Spain
Change in definition (2001, 2011): If two or more "one-parent families" are found inside the same household, all of them are counted.
Country: Spain
Change in definition: For 2011 all data are rounded to the closest integer multiple of 5. From 2013 all data are rounded to the closest integer multiple of 100.
Country: Sweden
Since 2011, the source is register-based household statistics. Reported figures are based on estimated relations between those who occupy the same housing unit. Figures refer to all households defined as one parent families. Children are classified based on four different types of relations. Biological parents with children and adoptive parents with children are the two most common types of relations. Children classified by guardianship and ''Other person'' account for a small share. Individuals are classified as children regardless of age if they live with their biological or adoptive parents and don’t have any children or partner in the same household. Single parents with children who share a housing unit with other occupants are not included in the reported figures.
Country: Switzerland
Additional information (1980 - 2000): Data are based on traditional census (full field enumeration)
Country: Switzerland
Break in methodlogy: From 2010 data are based on sample survey of the resident permanent population 15 +
Country: Turkey
Additional information (2002 - 2007): The variable of "type of household" was asked directly to the respondants.
Country: Turkey
Additional information (2002 - 2007): The variable of "type of household" was asked directly to the respondants.
Country: Turkey
Additional information (2008 - 2012): The variable of "type of household" was calculated at the offiice by using the variable named "relationship to the household head".
Country: Turkey
Additional information (2008 - 2012): The variable of "type of household" was calculated at the offiice by using the variable named "relationship to the household head".
Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2002 - 2013): Children in one parent families&
39; include families where children do not have one or both parents. &
39;Children in one parent families, sex of parent unknown&
39; include number of households where children do not have both parents and live with relatives or other people.
Measurement: Number of families , Country: Ukraine
Change in definition (2002 - 2013): Children in one parent families&
39; include families where children do not have one or both parents. &
39;Children in one parent families, sex of parent unknown&
39; include number of households where children do not have both parents and live with relatives or other people.
Country: Ukraine
Territorial change (2002 - 2013): Territorial sample excluded localities (and the population living in them) which were radioactively contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster.
Country: United States
Break in methodlogy (2007): break in series in children data, change in definition of children in one parent families.
Country: United States
Break in methodlogy (2007): break in series in children data, change in definition of children in one parent families.
Country: United States
Change in definition (1980 - onwards): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.
Country: United States
Change in definition (1980 - onwards): Data refer to one parent families with children aged under 18.

Source: UNECE Transport Division Database.
Definitions:Rail passenger : Any person, excluding members of train crew, who makes a journey by railway vehicle.
Passenger making a journey by railway operated ferry or bus services are excluded.
National rail transport : Rail transport between two places (a place of loading/embarkment and a place of unloading/disembarkment) located in the same country irrespective of the country in which the railway vehicles were registered. It may involve transit through a second country.
International rail transport : Rail transport between two places (a place of loading/embarkment and a place of unloading/disembarkment) in two different countries. It may involve transit through one or more additional countries.
Please note that country footnotes are not always in alphabetical order.
.. - data not available
Country: Spain
Refers to Renfe and ADIF only
Country: United States
Number of passengers on international transport includes passengers and crew. Refers to Amtrak only.

Country: SerbiaTerritorial change (2000 onward): Data do not cover Kosovo and Metohija.Country: CanadaMotorcycles include mopeds. Passenger cars refers to all vehicles with at least four wheels weighing less than 4,500 kg.Country: Czechia''Motor coaches, buses, etc'' excludes trolleybuses. ''Mopeds'' includes mopeds and motorcycles with engines 50 cc or less.Country: FinlandExcluding mopeds registered in Aland. Trams in Helsinki/Helsingfors only.Country: Hungary''Motor coaches, buses, etc'' excludes trolleybuses. ''Trams'' include cogwheel trams.Country: LatviaData from 2010 onward reflect changes in rules regarding the removal of vehicles from the register. As a result, data before this year are not comparable with more recent data.Country: LithuaniaThe state enterprise Regitra of the Repu