Why Rottweilers are as deadly as pit bulls

Neither Rotts nor pits should ever be considered “safe”

One-year-old M.J. Raya, of Phoenix, Arizona, was never left unguarded for even one second on June 9, 2017, while his grandmother baby-sat for him and did laundry. But she put M.J. down momentarily to open a door.

That was just long enough for the family dog to burst in, grab M.J., drag him outside, and kill him. The dog was still mauling the body when killed by police gunfire.

M.J. Raya died in what would have been a fairly typical pit bull attack on a child, except that the dog was not a pit bull but a Rottweiler, and the attack was even more typical of Rottweiler-inflicted deaths.

M.J. Raya was the 110th fatality inflicted by a Rottweiler in the U.S. and Canada in just under 40 years. Of the 110 people killed by Rottweilers since 1978, 83 were children of 11 years or younger; 78 were children of eight years or younger; 70 were children younger than age six.

Medically induced coma

Several other typical Rottweiler attacks were in the news at the same time. Kaden Mitchell, age seven, of Niagara Falls, New York, was put into a medically induced coma and suffered a stroke after two Rottweilers mauled him on June 7, 2017. Mitchell as of June 20, 2017 was out of the coma, with two surgically re-attached ears, and beginning to learn to walk again.

In Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, passer-by Yun Qi suffered severe injuries to both arms in fighting off a neutered Rottweiler to rescue a four-year-old girl. Yun Qi’s elderly father came to his son’s rescue, using a bicycle to block the Rottweiler’s further attacks.

Jenna Allen and her Rottweilers.(Facebook images)

Convicted

But a slightly less typical Rottweiler attack was also in the news. Jenna Allen, 31, of Plainfield, Connecticut, was on June 6, 2017 found guilty of reckless endangerment, possession of a nuisance dog and failure to comply with dog licensing requirements for the December 3, 2014 mauling of home health aide Lynne Denning. Denning had been left with her elderly patient, five Rottweilers, and a golden retriever.

Assistant State’s Attorney Bonnie Bentley told the court that “some of Allen’s dogs had previously killed two cats and a pair of puppies and injured two people, including a home health aide who worked in Allen’s home before Denning,” reported John Penney of the Norwich Bulletin.

Allen was on August 4, 2017 sentenced to serve 60 days in jail, but appealed and was released on bond.

(Jeffrey Sloan photo)

“Service” Rott contributed to death of epileptic

Also in the first week of June 2017, ANIMALS 24-7 received information confirming the involvement of a Rottweiler “service dog” in the May 24, 2015 death of Anthony G. Wind, 26, an epileptic, in Rochester, New York.

The “service” Rottweiler was adopted by Wind’s girlfriend, a shelter worker, after having been found dangerous by a Georgia court, only to be exported to New York.

The Rottweiler who participated in killing Anthony G. Wind.

Before Wind died, ANIMALS 24-7 learned, he had been attacked four times previously during epileptic seizures, losing part of an ear on one occasion.

These attacks too resembled pit bull behavior. But often as Rottweilers kill and maim people, their attack patterns against human victims are significantly different.

The pit bull attack profile

Altogether, since the ANIMALS 24-7 log of fatal and disfiguring dog attacks was begun in 1982, 5,308 pit bulls have participated in attacks on 2,062 children and 2,258 adults that resulted in 383 deaths (9% of the victims) and 3,563 disfigurements. Another 372 victims of the same incidents (also 9% of the victims) suffered less serious injuries.

Among 144 dog breeds and identified mixes involved in at least one fatal or disfiguring attack, only boxers, bull mastiffs, and Cane Corsos share with pit bulls the tendency to kill or disfigure adults more often than children.

This shared lack of inhibition about attacking victims bigger than themselves reflects these dogs’ history of having been bred and used for centuries chiefly for use in fighting and baiting, mostly against bulls, bears, and other dogs as large as themselves, or larger.

16-month-old Cassandra Garcia was killed by her parents’ Rottweiler in August 2015.

Not surprisingly, pit bulls also account for about 85% of the fatal attacks on other dogs, hoofed animals, poultry, and wildlife, and 80% of the fatal attacks on cats.

How the Rottweiler attack profile differs

The Rottweiler attack pattern is contrastingly normal except in the frequency with which victims are killed. Since 1982, 692 Rottweilers have participated in fatal or disfiguring attacks on 355 children and 189 adults, killing 100 people (18% of their victims) and disfiguring 381. Among the 544 total victims, 65 (12%) escaped more serious injury.

Both pit bulls and Rottweilers are about 10 times more likely to kill or disfigure someone than the average dog. Pit bulls, currently about 5.3% of the U.S. and Canadian dog population, account for 56% of all dog attack deaths. Rottweilers, 1.8% of the dog population, account for 14% of all dog attack deaths.

Between them, pit bulls and Rottweilers, just 7% of the dog population combined, account for 70% of all human fatalities from dog attack.

(Beth Clifton photo)

Rottweilers kill other animals much more often than the average dog, but not appreciably more often than other non-pit bulls of dangerous reputation, including huskies, Akitas, and chows.

Where did Rottweilers come from?

Rottweiler attack history also differs from pit bull attack history in that Rottweilers, until surprisingly recently, were rarely even mentioned as a dangerous breed.

Pit bulls, because of their use in fighting and baiting, have been recognized as dangerous at least since the 18th century. Historical research has established that pit bulls have accounted for half or more of all dog attack fatalities in the U.S. in every 10-year time frame since 1834, and probably did before that, too, but pushing the data log back further is inhibited by lack of published records.

Rottweiler cart dogs circa 1920.

No accessible record of Rottweilers before 1882

Rottweilers by contrast were rarely––if ever––even identified by name until a dog called a Rottweiler, today remembered by the official American Kennel Club breed history as a “very poor representative of the breed,” was exhibited at an 1882 show in Heilbronn, Germany.

Neither NewspaperArchive.com, offering microfilm of newspapers going back to 1607, nor the Culturomics Ngram Viewer, offering word indexes of books published since 1800, shows any prior mention of a Rottweiler dog.

Nazi Doberman circa 1940.

The next record of Rottweilers appears to be their use as foundation stock by German tax collector Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, who circa 1890 combined Rottweilers with hounds to produce the dog breed now known as the Doberman.

Very distant descendants of Roman molossers

The Rottweiler breed history advanced by breed clubs first formed in Germany in 1914––the year in which The New York Times first mentioned Rottweilers––holds that Rotts are descended from the molosser dogs used by the Roman legions to herd the cattle and sheep they kept as their food supply, and to help in attacking barbarian invaders.

Rottweilers are said to have remained in use throughout the Middle Ages as livestock herding and guarding dogs. But more than 1,400 years and perhaps 700 dog generations elapsed between the end of Roman occupation of Germany and the earliest documentation of dogs called Rottweilers, during which time the Roman molossers had ample opportunity to mix and mingle with every other sort of dog in the region. By 1882 the Roman influence would have been diluted beyond recognition.

Rottweiler cart dogs circa 1914.

Cart dogs

The first documentation of Rottweiler-like dogs in a more-or-less unbroken line to the dogs of today indicates that some may have been used much like the ancestors of modern pit bulls, to assist butchers in cornering and holding animals for slaughter.

But Rottweiler history diverged from pit bull history in that while pit bull ancestors were increasingly used in baiting competitions, presumed Rottweiler ancestors became best known as cart-and-sled-pullers.

Apparent historical image of unknown origin.

Dangerous behavior would have been discouraged in cart-and-sled-pullers, who would have been working in close proximity to many other dogs, humans, horses, and other animals.

Novelty dogs

This leads to the supposition that the “Rottweilers” said to have existed in Europe before the time of Herr Dobermann were more large black-and-tan dogs who physically resembled Rottweilers than behavioral ancestors of those who have in more recent times become notorious for surly demeanor, even when not actually mauling anyone.

Brought to the U.S. and exhibited as a canine novelty after World War I, said in exhibition publicity to have been used as “police dogs” at a time when there were few actual police dogs, Rottweilers remained rare in both Germany and the U.S. at the outbreak of World War II.

War dogs?

Rottweilers were, nonetheless, the only “bully” breed among the 18 breeds accepted by the U.S. military during World War II for training as war dogs. Yet relatively few dogs of any breed were actually deployed in World War II.

There do not appear to be any Rottweilers among the 157 photos of the dogs who did see military service depicted in Loyal Forces: The American Animals of World War II by Toni M. Kiser & Lindsey F. Barnes (2013).

As recently as 1960, according to American Kennel Club data, there were still fewer than 500 registered Rottweilers in the U.S., with perhaps 100 more in Canada.

Rottweiler. (Beth Clifton photo)

First fatality was an infant

Probably because Rottweilers remained few, and were kept almost entirely within the small coterie of Rottweiler fanciers, none are known to have seriously harmed anyone in either the U.S. or Canada until January 24, 1978, when two Rottweilers said to have been kept as “hunting dogs” killed one-year-old Vincent Madrigal in St. Helena, California.

The next known Rottweiler mauling came in April 1982, when two free-roaming Rottweilers belonging to Manfred and Vera Mayerhofer, of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, tore an arm off of eight-year-old Shawn Fraser. Running on, the Rottweilers then mauled Susan Tolnai and her four-year-old son Paul.

The attacks led to the first criminal charges ever brought in Canada as result of dog violence. The Mayerhofers were each fined $2,000 and put on probation for two years, during which time they were prohibited from keeping dogs.

Rottweiler. (Beth Clifton photo)

Second fatality was also infant

The first fatal Rottweiler attack in North America came one year later, in 1983, when a Rott belonging to hairdresser and Norwegian immigrant Britt Rognaldsen, 36, pulled her 35-day-old daughter Cara from her crib and killed her.

Rognaldsen was sentenced to a year in jail and fined $2,000 for misdemeanor criminal negligence in 1984, but appealed and was convicted again by jury in 1988. The Dallas Morning News reported then that Rognaldsen was also facing deportation because of convictions for drug possession.

Dogsbite.org lists as the third Rottweiler fatality in North America the Halloween 1985 mauling of Santina Saba, one month old, in Suffolk County, Massachusetts by three Rotts kept by her family. This death does not appear to have received any media coverage.

(Beth Clifton collage)

Four more deaths

The contrastingly high-profile Rognaldsen case was still before the courts when on September 27, 1987 two-year-old Shannon Tucker was killed by both a pit bull and a Rottweiler who escaped from neighbor Kenneth Ferguson’s yard and invaded her play area behind her mother’s condominium in Columbus, Ohio.

Sixteen-month-old Melissa Boyse, of Kent, Washington, was killed by a sudden head bite from her family’s Rottweiler on May 2, 1988. Her father Scott Boyse told media it was a “freak accident.”

Just over two years later, on October 20, 1989, 20-year-old jogger Hoke Lane Prevette became the first adult Rottweiler fatality in North America, killed in Forsyth County, North Carolina, by two Rottweilers belonging to Thomas Ellis Powell.

Almost a year after that, in July 1990, a pit/Rottweiler cross killed five-year-old Jason Lee Wilson outside his South Carolina home. As in the recent M.J. Raya attack, the dog was still mauling the body when shot by police.

Guard dogs

The seven fatalities, including six in six years, should have warned the public (even if the Saba death went unpublicized) that whatever Rottweilers might have been in the past, they had become deadly dangerous, and for that reason were to be avoided.

Unfortunately, certain segments of the public were––and remain––under the illusion that deadly dangerous dogs are good guard dogs, though the guard dogs favored by night watchmen throughout history have been dogs who pointed and barked, not those who charged and bit strangers with no questions asked.

The Book of the Rottweiler (1981) helped to popularize Rotts.

The illusion further persists that though trespassing is only a misdemeanor carrying a light fine throughout the U.S., live dismemberment by dog is an appropriate penalty if the dog reaches the alleged intruder before police do.

Deaths stoked popularity

American Kennel Club registrations of Rottweilers soared 991% during the 1980s, then increased even more rapidly as more attacks received more publicity.

For a brief time, between 1993 and 1996, Rottweilers killed as many people as pit bulls. Altogether, between 1993 and 2000, Rottweilers killed 31 people, while becoming the dog most often registered by the American Kennel Club.

The pace of fatal and disfiguring Rottweiler attacks has not slowed since then. Pit bull fatalities have again come to far outnumber Rottweiler fatalities only because during the same years that Rottweilers rose from well under 1% of the U.S. dog population to 1.8%, pit bulls rose from under 2% to 5.3%.

Jonathan Christopher Williams

Changing humane advice

Rottweiler violence has meanwhile contributed significantly to several evolving changes of public attitude toward dogs.

First, for decades humane educators taught school children that the appropriate response to finding a lost dog was to check the dog for a tag or license, put the dog on a lead, take the dog around the neighborhood to see if anyone’s dog was lost, and then call animal control or the humane society if the dog’s home had not been found.

This advice changed after Jonathan Christopher Williams, 7, of Greenville, North Carolina, followed it in February 1992 and was killed by the Rottweiler he was trying to take home. The Rottweiler belonged to Willie Curry Jr., who a year later was sentenced to time already served plus a fine of $148 for having allowed the Rott to roam.

Rottweiler. (Beth Clifton photo)

Buried-wire fencing

Buried-wire “invisible” fencing was once considered a safe alternative to putting up high board or wire fences to keep dogs at home. This mostly ended after Joey Jacobs, then age 9, on December 29, 1993 saved two younger friends’ lives, losing both of his own ears, by holding off a Rottweiler belonging to neighbor Ursula Baroni, after the dog charged through a buried-wire to attack them. Buried-wire fences are still sold, but now with extensive warnings that they are not meant to contain dangerous dogs.

Anthony Riggs & the Rottweiler who killed him.

Shelter dogs

Most recently, on November 13, 2015, a Rottweiler adopted only hours before from the Jackson-Madison animal shelter in Tennessee killed Anthony Riggs, 57, who had extensive previous experience with Rottweilers and had firearms nearby, but was apparently disabled by the dog’s attack before he could defend himself.

The attack was among at least 47 fatalities inflicted by dogs from animal shelters since 2007, compared to five in the preceding 20 years and none in the 130 years before that, which have cumulatively eroded the hard-earned reputation of animal shelters as safe places to adopt dogs.

Merritt & Beth Clifton

Not surprisingly, shelter adoptions across the U.S. are now averaging about 25% fewer per year than at peak, in the 1985-2010 time frame.

Comments

The Jenna Allen mauling was appalling and I am so pleased she was found guilty. The victim is suing the town as well and I hope she prevails there too – that town tried very, very hard to avoid this outcome in large part because they had a history of being called to that house about those dogs. It is astonishingly awful what happened to Denning, including the death of her husband, who forced that investigation and would not permit the town to sweep his wife’s mauling under the rug while she was hospitalized and unable to speak for herself. He died very suddenly after a cancer diagnosis; it’s hard not wonder what effect his wife’s attack and near-death had on his health.

For those who may be unfamiliar with the “Good Dog, Carl” image above, this was a series of children’s picture books that were first published in the 1980s and exploded in popularity in the 1990s. This series was absolutely huge for awhile. I remember it well.

Realistic-looking oil paintings depicted, in each book, a huge Rottweiler babysitting a toddler, typically with no adult present whatsoever. In other books, multiple Rotts were shown cavorting with babies, children, and cats. It is perhaps impossible to know, if any children killed by Rotts during this era perhaps had tried to pet the dog that looked so much like the charming animal in these books.