Quechua Project Hydrogeological Study, Cuzco – Peru. Numerical modeler for the simulation of tailings leakage and interaction with pit inflows. Analysis of the water balance from rainfall - runoff over the entire mine area of influence. Groundwater regime modeling in transient mode with FEFLOW along mine life and closure.

Distributed Hydrological Modeling for the Galeno Mining Project, Cajamarca – Peru. Hydrological modeling with USGS PRMS on an andean basin with high dependence on the watershed response from elevation. Modeling work was coupled with earth observation data and had three steps of calibration.

Global Hydrogeological Study – El Brocal Mining Company, Pasco – Peru. Numerical modeling of the entire area of interest of open pit operations and underground mining from Colquijirca Mining Unit. Numerical representation of the current water inflows to the mine and prediction of future inflows related with the mine expansion. Static and transient numerical modeling with MODFLOW and Visual MODFLOW.

Paragsha Mining Unit Hydrogeological Study – Cerro De Pasco, Volcan Mining Company, Pasco – Peru. Numerical modeling of groundwater flow regime in the current open pit and underground operations of the Paragsha Mining Unit. Model calibration with current inflows to surface and underground mining works and transient inflow simulation related to expansion of mining operations. Impact assessment in the regional groundwater flow regime from the construction of a drainage tunnel to the Milpo river basin.

“Impacts of scale on hydraulic characteristics in fractured rock systems: from cores to kilometers,” In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mine Water Solutions in Extreme Environments, April 15-17, 2013, Lima, Perú, InfoMine, Inc., pp. 449-458 (Peer Reviewed).

“Downstream Modeling of Tailings Flow from Failure of a 380-ft High Tailings Dam,” PowerPoint Presentation published by USSD at: http://www.infomine.com/publications/search.asp?action=16384&search_text=ussd&search_dt_all=true, Workshop on Dam Break Analysis Applied to Tailings, Denver, Colorado, August 24-26, 2011.

“What is the Useful Life of the Denver Basin Aquifers?” (with Bruce A. Lytle), Proceedings of the AWRA Summer Specialty Conference on Ground Water/Surface Water Interactions, July 1-3, 2002, Keystone, Colorado, pp. 85-90.

“Model-Calculated Dispersivity Using Fracture Characteristics from Core Data and Other Field Information, Proceedings of the Conference on Fractured Rock Aquifers 2002, March 13-15, 2002, Denver, Colorado, pp. 137-141.

“WATER RESOURCES: The Challenge of the New Century”, Proceedings of the World Water & Environmental Resources Congress, Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World’s Water and Environmental Resources Challenges, Orlando, Florida, May 20-24, 2001, ASCE/EWRI, (only available on compact disk), 9 p.

“Hydraulic Conductivity Characterisation and Effects of Scale in Fractured Rock,” First International Conference on Mine Water Solutions in Extreme Environments, April 16, 2013, Lima, Perú, Available at www.mineinfo.com.

“Marginal Ground Water in Colorado - A Study of the Hygiene Sandstone in Northern Colorado (How I Got a Subpoena from the SEC)” (with Cory Conrad), Presentation at the 49th Annual Convention, Colorado Water Congress, January 25-26, 2007, and a Brown Bag Presented to Knight Piésold and Co. Employees, February 14, 2007.

“Water Resources: Challenges of the New Century,” Presented at the 42nd Annual Convention, Colorado Water Congress, Northglenn, Colorado, January 27, 2000.

"A Robust Calculation Method for Sizing Heap Leach Solution Ponds and Water Reservoirs Using a Water-Balance Approach," Presented at the Annual Symposium of the American Water Resources Association - Colorado Section, March 13, 1998, Golden, Colorado.

"Chemical-Constituent Load Removal Efficiency of an Urban Detention Pond-Wetlands System in the Denver Metropolitan Area, Colorado" (with T. D. Steele and B. Urbonas), Paper presented at the North American Lake Management Society, 11th International Symposium, Lake, Reservoir, and Watershed Management in a Changing Environment, November 11-16, 1991, Denver, Colorado.

Short Course on Environmental Concepts, Planning, and Regulations Related to the Mineral Industries. Three, 2-hour Lectures on: (1) Design Storm/Flood for Sizing of Hydraulic Structures - Applications to Mining; (2) Estimation and Control of Water and Wind Erosion; and (3) Water Quality and Mining, One, 2-hour lecture on Hydrologic Monitoring Related to Mining was prepared but presented by Dr. T. D. Steele, Short course conducted by the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines for the Director General of Mines, Government of Mexico, May 20, 21, 22 and 27, 1991.

"Ground-Water Modeling," Presentation to Marathon Oil Company at the Ground-Water Workshop, Denver, Colorado, November 1-3, 1988.

"Phosphorus Removal by an Existing Wet and Dry Pond in the Cherry Creek Basin, Denver Metropolitan Area, Colorado", Paper presented at the Urban Runoff Water Quality Seminar--Reality in the Face of Chaos, Denver, Colorado, September 8-9, 1988.

"Introduction to Flow and Transport in Fractured Geologic Media," 3-Hour Lecture on Introduction to Flow and Transport in Fractured Geologic Media, Presented to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado, August 25-30 and September 8 and 12, 1988.

"Response of a Small Man-Made Reservoir to Changes in Streamflow Inputs" (with R. B. Murphy and T. D. Steele), International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Symposium on Scientific Procedures Applied to the Planning, Design and Management of Water Resources Systems, Hamburg, Germany, August 22-24, 1983 (abstract published in Symposium Program).

"Water Use and Development Alternatives, South Platte River Basin, Colorado" (with T.D. Steele, C.S. Curtis and W.B. Lord), Paper presented at the ASCE Western Conference on Water and Energy: Technical and Policy Issues, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 27-30, 1982 (abstract published in Symposium Proceedings, p. 450).

III. OTHERS

The University of Arizona Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Tucson, AZ, 1974, 265 p.

Dr. Kunkel also has authored or co-authored over 200 engineering and hydrology reports for public and private clients. Many of these reports were submitted for review to federal, state and local regulatory agencies.

IV. THESES PREPARED UNDER DR. KUNKEL

Predicting Flow Characteristics of a Lixiviant in a Fractured Rock Mass, Thesis by Nadia C. Miller submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Engineering Ecology), Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, April 9, 1992.

Estimation of Groundwater Recharge using Neutron Probe Moisture Readings near Golden, Colorado, Thesis by Nicholas J. Kiusalaas submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geological Engineer), Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, November 12, 1992.

Study of Hydraulic Properties and Recharge of the Unsaturated Alluvial Aquifer at the Rocky Flats Plant, Jefferson County, Colorado, Master's Report submitted by Laurie A. Host in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, November 17, 1993.

"Public Law 92-500 and the Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator," Presented before the Central Section, New Mexico Water Supply and Pollution Control Association, Albuquerque, New Mexico, December 10-12, 1975.

Statistical Hydrology, including Surface Water, Groundwater, and Water Quality Data

Mining Hydrology, including Surface Water, Groundwater, and Water Quality

Hydrologic and Hydraulic Design, including Flood and Sediment Control

Specific Relevant Experience

Pikes Peak – America’s Mountain, Erosion and Sediment Control Facilities, Colorado. Project manager and engineer of record for design and construction of erosion and sediment control facilities in seven priority basins. The design and construction included 39 sediment control structures comprised of 9 sediment ponds, 26 riprap weir sediment detention ponds, and 4 rock check dams. Dr. Kunkel is the engineer of record for this project.

Summitville Mine Superfund Site, Colorado. Project manager and engineer of record for design and construction of water management structures and improvements. The facilities included a sediment/water detention pond to control water and sediment discharge from the mine highwall.

Big Springs Heap Leach Pad and Tailing Storage Facility Closure, Nevada, USA. A series reclamation cover options were assessed for the closure and reclamation of the heap leach pad and tailing storage facilities at the mine. The U.S. EPA HELP model was used to design the pad and tailing storage facility covers. SedCAD was used to design both a short-term and long-term water and sediment control plan, which included BMPs.

Yanacocha Mine, Peru. Site-wide water, erosion, and sediment control designs for the Yanacocha mine complex, Perú at elevation of 4,000 masl. The project involved over 10 km of heavy-duty roadway, design of water and sediment control structures using CDOT-recommended BMPs. Construction drawings and structure details were provided.

San Cristóbal Mine, Bolivia. Sediment control designs for the San Cristóbal mine complex, Bolivia at elevation 3,800 masl. The project involved over 5 km of heavy-duty access roadway, design of water and sediment control structures using CDOT-recommended BMPs. Construction drawings and structure details were provided.

Various Copper Mines in USA and Peru. Theoretical and practical laboratory testing and modeling of air and lixiviant flow in large heap leach pads. Direction of laboratory testing and interpretation of laboratory results for air and lixiviant movement. Heap leach pad operational recommendations and published technical papers on two-phase flow in heaps.

Various ESIAs for Gold Mines in Colombia. Environmental manager for one large-scale and one small-scale gold mine projects in Colombia, and participation in two other large- and small-scale gold mine permitting efforts.

Mirador Mine, Ecuador. Environmental management system (EMS) audits for data collection, processing, and reporting for a large copper mine in Ecuador. Results of the EMS audit resulted in a commitment to utilize a computer program to store, analyze, and report data for environmental purposes. Changes in the methods used to collect environmental data also resulted.

U.S. Agency for International Development. Water-Quality Technical Advisor Indus River Basin SCARPs, Lahore, West Pakistan (May-August 1972) [TDY from U.S. Geological Survey, WRD]

U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division (USGS, WRD). (1966-1980), Research Hydrologist (California, District of Columbia, and Virginia) and Project Chief, Yampa River Basin Assessment Study, Colorado and Wyoming

Restoration and sustainable management of Laguna Verde, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Consultant, 2-week consultancy funded by the World Bank’s PREMIA effort on behalf of the Government of Mexico’s National Water Commission (CONAGUA), December 2008 – January 2009.

Upper Eagle River watershed assessment of suitability of proposed trace-metals standards and modified stream segments for protection of aquatic life. Technical Advisor, on behalf of the Eagle River Watershed Council (ERWC, 2005-2006 and 2008-2009).

Design of a water-quality surveillance system for urban potable-water supplies. Project Manager, (SVCAPU, in collaboration with Ing. Eugenio Barrios and Ing. Arturo Tapia of Mexico), Government of Panama’s Ente Regulador de los Servicios Publicos (ERSP), funded by The World Bank (WB) through the UNDP (6-month project, 4 trips between July 2003 and January 2004).

Snake River watershed water-quality data assessment (Phase I), with evaluation of historical-mining impacts. Principal Hydrologist, collaboration with Northwest Colorado Council of Governments (NWCCOG) and The Keystone Center (USEPA 319 grant), on behalf of the Snake River Task Force (SRTF), during 2003-2004. A Phase-II 319 Grant project looking at trace-metals loads-reduction impacts and remediation benefits was incorporated into a draft use-attainability analysis (2005-2007). Data-analysis updates have been prepared for inclusion in the Snake River Watershed Plan (USEPA 319 grant, 2008) and are planned for a third USEPA 319 grant (2010).

Rural-area potable-water surveillance-system planning and design. Project Manager, (in collaboration with Ing. Eugenio Barrios and Ing. Arturo Tapia of Mexico), Government of Panama’s Ministry of Health, funded by The World Bank through UNDP (3 trips between November 2002-May 2003).

Development of a use-attainability analysis (UAA), mine-impacted stream reaches, including French Gulch and the Blue River near Breckenridge, Summit County, CO. Principal Investigator, (in collaboration with NWCCOG and Walsh Aquatic Consultants), funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) through a 319 grant from the CDPHE-WQCD (2002-2003).

National groundwater planning and groundwater-quality network design, Assessor, Government of Chile, Dirección General de Aguas (DGA), Ministry of Public Works, in anticipation of proposed integrated water-resources management project (August 2000).

Environmental Protection Council (EPC) support, International Consultant, Republic of Yemen, planning and implementation of activities for a working group on water-resources protection (three monthly overseas missions: December 1998; April 1999; and September-October 1999).

Litigation support, impacts of extreme-event storm-runoff flows on pipeline crossing and right-of-way, due to changes in flood diversion-control structures along a U.S. highway in southeastern California, Principal Investigator, (confidential client).

Design of groundwater-quality monitoring networks (primary and secondary) and associated special-studies methodologies, Assessor for the Government of Mexico's National Water Commission (CNA), under the auspices of The World Bank's PROMMA project; preparation of annotated outline - practitioners' manual (1996-97), review of PROMMA program on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (1998-2002), and strategy formulation of a regulation (Norma) for control of indirect wastewater discharges to the subsurface (groundwater protection).

Lake Valsequillo reservoir-restoration study (water-quality data-analyses and modeling-review aspects). Principal Investigator, Angelopolis, City and State of Puebla, Mexico (funded by U.S. Department of Commerce, Trade Development Agency [TDA]).

Regional water-resources assessment of the South Platte River basin. Project Manager, assessment including evaluation of un-appropriated streamflows, in northeastern Colorado.

Groundwater-supply feasibility in the southern Front Range (City of Colorado Springs). Project Manager of a groundwater-supply feasibility in the southern Front Range (City of Colorado Springs) area of Colorado.

Planned and managed the Yampa River Basin assessment. Project Chief with the USGS, WRD in Colorado.Three-year multidisciplinary project for the evaluation of regional impacts of coal development on water resources in Colorado and Wyoming. Among the techniques used in this assessment were regional input/output economic analysis; field investigations of ambient streamflow water quality, water law and institutions; reservoir modeling techniques; groundwater solute-transport modeling; analysis of streamflow waste-assimilative capacity, studies of travel time and re-aeration; determinations of sediment yield; and several remote-sensing applications of LANDSAT imagery and aerial photography. He also completed a study for the Water Resources Council's 13(a) assessment program to evaluate potential impacts of synfuels development on water quality in the Upper Colorado River Basin (1975-1980).

Design and management of several national hydrologic programs. Research Hydrologist at the USGS headquarters in the Washington, D.C. Reviewed the design and management of several national hydrologic programs and conducted a trend-analysis study of long-term water-quality data on behalf of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). On short-term loan for the USGS to U.S. AID in Pakistan, he served on a four-member team to evaluate salinity control and reclamation project (SCARP) areas of the Indus River Basin (May-September 1972).

Environmental Assessments

Pollution Control Plan (PCP) component and Final Report, two estuarial bays near Concepción. Technical Advisor, Pollution Control Plan (PCP) component and Final Report, two estuarial bays near Concepción, Chile, through PCI-Americas with funding support from Inter-American Development Bank (IBD) on behalf of the Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CONAMA).

Multifaceted study for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) of groundwater flow and contaminant transport through saturated, fractured geologic media from high-level radioactive waste. Project Manager of a three-year investigation, This study involved interactive field investigations at a research wellfield site west of Spokane, Washington, evaluations of theoretical aspects of aquifer hydraulic properties, and innovative as well as state-of-the-art modeling applications.

Guest Professor at German universities under research grants from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Conducted research, gave seminars, developed a short course, and collaborated with Institute staff and doctoral students (including review/comment on dissertations) involving various aspects of water-resources assessments and on water-quality investigations:

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Geographie, Lehrstuhl für Geoinformatik, Geohydrologie und Modellierung, research plan involving comparative critical evaluations of the EU’s water-framework directive (WFD) and the U.S. Clean Water Act and other water-quality regulations, during mid-March-mid-April 2007 and 2008, mid-August-mid-September 2009, and March 2011 (3+-months’ extension, applied research on water policy).

Dr. Steele has authored or co-authored a total of 110 papers, technical publications and book chapters; has written or contributed to 270 major consultant reports; and has made 215 oral presentations at technical meetings and symposia, university seminars, training courses and workshops, civic meetings, public meetings, and litigation support or formal proceedings (depositions and trial/expert testimony). A full Bibliography can be provided upon request.

LANGUAJES

Dr. Steele’s mother tongue is English. He is fluent in German and has studied Spanish (technical working knowledge, good reading, fair speaking), along with past courses and/or language instruction in French, Greek, Russian, and Latin.