A second defendant, attorney Evan Greebel, of Scarsdale, New York, was charged with conspiracy to commit wire fraud. It was not immediately clear who will represent Greebel in court.

The indictment said the men, along with others, orchestrated three interrelated fraud schemes from September 2009 through September 2014.

It said they fraudulently induced investors to invest in two separate funds and misappropriated the assets of a publically traded pharmaceutical company, Retrophine Inc., to satisfy Shkreli’s personal and unrelated professional debt obligations.

Shkreli was the chief executive officer of Retrophin from December 2012 to September 2014, the court papers said.

Shkreli stirred public outrage earlier this fall when his company, Turing Pharmaceuticals increased the price of a drug used to treat a life-threatening infection by more than 5,000 percent.

Turing raised the price on Daraprim, a 62-year-old drug whose patent expired decades ago, from $13.50 to $750 per pill. The drug is the only approved treatment for a rare parasitic infection called toxoplasmosis that mainly strikes pregnant women, cancer patients and AIDS patients.

Shkreli said the company would cut the drug’s price. Last month, however, Turing reneged on its pledge.

Instead, the company is reducing what it charges hospitals for Daraprim by as much as 50 percent.

Most patients’ copayments will be capped at $10 or less a month. But insurance companies will be stuck with the bulk of the tab, potentially driving up future treatment and insurance costs.

The uproar over price hikes at Turing and by other companies like Valeant Pharmaceuticals led to government investigations, proposals by politicians to fight “price gouging,” heavy media scrutiny and a drop in stock prices for biotech companies.

However, the price of KaloBios Pharmaceuticals shares surged from around $2 to above $40 after the struggling cancer drug developer named Shkreli chairman and CEO in November.

The California company had been winding down operations when Shkreli and the group swooped in to take control and committed to a $10 million equity financing facility.

Shares of KaloBios Pharmaceuticals Inc. shed more than half their value, or $12.56, to $11.03 in early trading on Thursday.

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