Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen: Laura and I are
grateful for the warm hospitality we have received these past three
days in the Republic of Turkey. I am honored to visit this beautiful
country where two continents meet - a nation that upholds great
traditions, and faces the future with confidence. And America is
honored to call Turkey an ally and a friend.

Many Americans trace their heritage to Turkey, and Turks have
contributed greatly to our national life - including, most recently, a
lot of baskets for the Detroit Pistons from Mehmet Okur. I know youre
proud that this son of your country helped to win an NBA championship,
and America is proud of him as well.

I am grateful to Prime Minister Erdogan and President Sezer for
hosting the members of NATO in an historic time for our alliance. For
most of its history, NATO existed to deter aggression from a powerful
army at the heart of Europe. In this century, NATO looks outward to
new threats that gather in secret and bring sudden violence to peaceful
cities. We face terrorist networks that rejoice when parents bury
their murdered children, or bound men plead for their lives. We face
outlaw regimes that give aid and shelter to these killers, and seek
weapons of mass murder. We face the challenges of corruption and
poverty and disease, which throw whole nations into chaos and despair -
the conditions in which terrorism can thrive.

Some on both sides of the Atlantic have questioned whether the NATO
alliance still has a great purpose. To find that purpose, they only
need to open their eyes. The dangers are in plain sight. The only
question is whether we will confront them, or look away and pay a
terrible cost.

Over the last few years, NATO has made its decision. Our alliance
is restructuring to oppose threats that arise beyond the borders of
Europe. NATO is providing security in Afghanistan. NATO has agreed to
help train the security forces of a sovereign Iraq - a great advantage
and crucial success for the Iraqi people. And in Istanbul we have
dedicated ourselves to the advance of reform in the broader Middle
East, because all people deserve a just government, and because terror
is not the tool of the free. Through decades of the Cold War, our
great alliance of liberty never failed in its duties - and we are
rising to our duties once again.

The Turkish people understand the terrorists, because you have seen
their work, even in the last few days. You have heard the sirens, and
witnessed the carnage, and mourned the dead. After the murders of
Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Istanbul last November, a resident of
this city said of the terrorists, "They do not have any religion ...
They are friends of evil." In one of the attacks, a Muslim woman lost
her son Ahmet, her daughter-in-law Berta, and her unborn grandchild.
She said, "Today Im saying goodbye to my son. Tomorrow Im saying
farewell to my Berta. I dont know what [the killers] wanted from my
kids. Were they jealous of their happiness?"

The Turkish people have grieved, but your nation is also showing
how terrorist violence will be overcome - with courage, and with a firm
resolve to defend your just and tolerant society. This land has always
been important for its geography - here at the meeting place of Europe,
Asia, and the Middle East. Now Turkey has assumed even greater
historical importance, because of your character as a nation. Turkey
is a strong, secular democracy, a majority Muslim society, and a close
ally of free nations. Your country, with 150 years of democratic and
social reform, stands as a model to others, and as Europes bridge to
the wider world. Your success is vital to a future of progress and
peace in Europe and in the broader Middle East - and the Republic of
Turkey can depend on the support and friendship of the United States.

For decades, my country has supported greater unity in Europe - to
secure liberty, build prosperity, and remove sources of conflict on
this continent. Now the European Union is considering the admission of
Turkey, and you are moving rapidly to meet the criteria for
membership. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk had a vision of Turkey as a strong
nation among other European nations. That dream can be realized by
this generation of Turks. America believes that as a European power,
Turkey belongs in the European Union. Your membership would also be a
crucial advance in relations between the Muslim world and the West,
because you are part of both. Including Turkey in the EU would prove
that Europe is not the exclusive club of a single religion, and it
would expose the "clash of civilizations" as a passing myth of
history. Fifteen years ago, an artificial line that divided Europe --
drawn at Yalta - was erased. Now this continent has the opportunity to
erase another artificial division - by fully including Turkey in t

Turkey has found its place in the community of democracies by
living out its own principles. Muslims are called to seek justice -
fairness to all, care for the stranger, compassion for those in need.
And you have learned that democracy is the surest way to build a
society of justice. The best way to prevent corruption and abuse of
power is to hold rulers accountable. The best way to ensure fairness
to all is to establish the rule of law. The best way to honor human
dignity is to protect human rights. Turkey has found what nations of
every culture and every region have found: If justice is the goal, then
democracy is the answer.

In some parts of the world, especially in the Middle East, there is
wariness toward democracy, often based on misunderstanding. Some
people in Muslim cultures identify democracy with the worst of Western
popular culture, and want no part of it. And I assure them, when I
speak about the blessings of liberty, coarse videos and crass
commercialism are not what I have in mind. There is nothing
incompatible between democratic values and high standards of decency.
For the sake of their families and their culture, citizens of a free
society have every right to strive peacefully for a moral society.

Democratic values also do not require citizens to abandon their
faith. No democracy can allow religious people to impose their own
view of perfection on others, because this invites cruelty and
arrogance that are foreign to every faith. And all people in a
democracy have the right to their own religious beliefs. But all
democracies are made stronger when religious people teach and
demonstrate upright conduct - family commitment, respect for the law,
and compassion for the weak. Democratic societies should welcome, not
fear, the participation of the faithful.

In addition, democracy does not involve automatic agreement with
other democracies. Free governments have a reputation for
independence, which Turkey has certainly earned. That is the way
democracy works. We deal honestly with each other, we make our own
decisions - and yet, in the end, the disagreements of the moment are
far outweighed by the ideals we share.

Because representative governments reflect their people, every
democracy has its own structure, traditions, and opinions. There are,
however, certain commitments of free government that do not change from
place to place. The promise of democracy is fulfilled in freedom of
speech, the rule of law, limits on the power of the state, economic
freedom, respect for women, and religious tolerance. These are the
values that honor the dignity of every life, and set free the creative
energies that lead to progress.

Achieving these commitments of democracy can require decades of
effort and reform. In my own country it took generations to throw off
slavery, racial segregation, and other practices that violated our
ideals. So we do not expect or demand that other societies be
transformed in a day. But however long the journey, there is only one
destination worth striving for, and that is a society of self-rule and
freedom.

Democracy leads to justice within a nation - and the advance of
democracy leads to greater security among nations. The reason is
clear: Free peoples do not live in endless stagnation, and seethe in
resentment, and lash out in envy, rage, and violence. Free peoples do
not cling to every grievance of the past - they build and live for the
future. This is the experience of countries in the NATO alliance.
Bitterness and hostility once divided France and Germany... and Germany
and Poland ... and Romania and Hungary. But as those nations grew in
liberty, ancient disputes and hatreds have been left to history. And
because the people of Europe now live in hope, Europe no longer
produces armed ideologies that threaten the peace of the world.
Freedom in Europe has brought peace to Europe - and now freedom can
bring peace to the broader Middle East.

I believe that freedom is the future of the Middle East, because I
believe that freedom is the future of all humanity. And the historic
achievement of democracy in the broader Middle East will be a victory
shared by all. Millions who now live in oppression and want will
finally have a chance to provide for their families and lead hopeful
lives. Nations in the region will have greater stability because
governments will have greater legitimacy. And nations like Turkey and
America will be safer, because a hopeful Middle East will no longer
produce ideologies and movements that seek to kill our citizens. This
transformation is one of the great and difficult tasks of history. And
by our own patience and hard effort, and with confidence in the peoples
of the Middle East, we will finish the work that history has given us.

Democracy, by definition, must be chosen and defended by the people
themselves. The future of freedom in the Islamic world will be
determined by the citizens of Islamic nations, not by outsiders. And
for citizens of the broader Middle East, the alternatives could not be
more clear. One alternative is a political doctrine of tyranny,
suicide, and murder that goes against the standards of justice found in
Islam and every other great religion. The other alternative is a
society of justice, where men and women live peacefully and build
better lives for themselves and their children. That is the true cause
of the people of the Middle East, and that cause can never be served by
the murder of the innocent.

This struggle between political extremism and civilized values is
unfolding in many places. We see the struggle in Iraq, where killers
are attempting to undermine and intimidate a free government. We see
the struggle in Iran, where tired and discredited autocrats are trying
to hold back the democratic will of a rising generation. We see that
struggle in Turkey, where the PKK has abandoned its ceasefire with the
Turkish people and resumed violence. We see it in the Holy Land, where
terrorist murderers are setting back the good cause of the Palestinian
people, who deserve a reformed, peaceful, and democratic state of their
own.

The terrorists are ruthless and resourceful, but they will not
prevail. Already more than half of the worlds Muslims live under
democratically-constituted governments - from Indonesia to West Africa,
from Europe to North America. And the ideal of democracy is also
powerful and popular in the Middle East. Surveys in Arab nations
reveal broad support for representative government and individual
liberty. We are seeing reform in Kuwait, and Qatar, and Bahrain, and
Yemen, and Jordan, and Morocco. And we are seeing men and women of
conscience and courage step forward to advocate democracy and justice
in the broader Middle East.

As we found in the Soviet Union, and behind the Iron Curtain, this
kind of moral conviction was more powerful than vast armies and prison
walls and the will of dictators. And this kind of moral conviction is
also more powerful than the whips of the Taliban, or the police state
of Saddam Hussein, or the cruel designs of terrorists. The way ahead
is long and difficult, yet people of conscience go forward with hope.
The rule of fear did not survive in Europe, and the rule of free
peoples will come to the Middle East.

Leaders throughout that region, including some friends of the
United States, must recognize the direction of events. Any nation that
compromises with violent extremists only emboldens them, and invites
future violence. Suppressing dissent only increases radicalism. The
long-term stability of any government depends on being open to change,
and responsive to citizens. By learning these lessons, Turkey has
become a great and stable democracy - and America shares your hope that
other nations will take this path.

Western nations, including my own, want to be helpful in the
democratic progress of the Middle East, yet we know there are
suspicions, rooted in centuries of conflict and colonialism. And in
the last 60 years, many in the West have added to this distrust by
excusing tyranny in the region, hoping to purchase stability at the
price of liberty. But it did not serve the people of the Middle East
to betray their hope of freedom. And it has not made Western nations
more secure to ignore the cycle of dictatorship and extremism. Instead
we have seen the malice grow deeper, and the violence spread, until
both have appeared on the streets of our own cities. Some types of
hatred will never be appeased; they must be opposed and discredited and
defeated by a hopeful alternative - and that alternative is freedom.

Reformers in the broader Middle East are working to build freer and
more prosperous societies - and America, the G-8, the EU, Turkey, and
NATO have now agreed to support them. Many nations are helping the
people of Afghanistan to secure a free government. And NATO now leads
a military operation in Afghanistan, in the first action by the
alliance outside Europe. In Iraq, a broad coalition - including the
military forces of many NATO countries - is helping the people of that
country to build a decent and democratic government after decades of
corrupt oppression. And NATO is providing support to a Polish-led
division.

The government of Iraq has now taken a crucial step forward. In a
nation that suffered for decades under brutal tyranny, we have
witnessed the transfer of sovereignty and the beginning of
self-government. In just 15 months, the Iraqi people have left behind
one of the worst regimes in the Middle East, and their country is
becoming the worlds newest democracy. The world has seen a great event
in the history of Iraq, in the history of the Middle East, and in the
history of liberty.

The rise of Iraqi democracy is bringing hope to reformers across
the Middle East, and sending a very different message to Teheran and
Damascus. A free and sovereign Iraq is also a decisive defeat for
extremists and terrorists - because their hateful ideology will lose
its appeal in a free, tolerant, successful country. The terrorists are
doing everything they can to undermine Iraqi democracy, by attacking
all who stand for order and justice, and committing terrible crimes to
break the will of free nations. The terrorists have the ability to
cause suffering and grief, but they do not have the power to alter the
outcome in Iraq: The civilized world will keep its resolve ... the
leaders of Iraq are strong and determined ... and the people of Iraq
will live in freedom.

Iraq still faces hard challenges in the days and months ahead.
Iraqs leaders are eager to assume responsibility for their own
security, and that is our wish as well. So this week at our summit,
NATO agreed to provide assistance in training Iraqi security forces. I
am grateful to Turkey and other NATO allies for helping our friends in
Iraq to build a nation that governs itself and defends itself.

Our efforts to promote reform and democracy in the Middle East are
moving forward. At the NATO summit, we approved the Istanbul
Cooperation Initiative, offering to work together with nations of the
broader Middle East to fight terrorism, control their borders, and aid
the victims of disaster. And we are thankful for the important role
that Turkey is playing as a democratic partner in the Broader Middle
East Initiative.

For all of our efforts to succeed, however, more is needed than
plans and policies. We must strengthen the ties of trust and good will
between ourselves and the peoples of the Middle East. And trust and
good will come more easily when men and women clear their minds, and
their hearts, of suspicion and prejudice and unreasoned fear. When
some in my country speak in an ill-informed and insulting manner about
the Muslim faith, their words are heard abroad, and do great harm to
our cause in the Middle East. When some in the Muslim world incite
hatred and murder with conspiracy theories and propaganda, their words
are also heard - by a generation of young Muslims who need truth and
hope, not lies and anger. All such talk, in America or in the Middle
East, is dangerous and reckless and unworthy of any religious
tradition. Whatever our cultural differences may be, there should be
respect and peace in the House of Abraham.

The Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk has said that the finest view of
Istanbul is not from the shores of Europe, or from the shores of Asia,
but from a bridge that unites them, and lets you see both. His work
has been a bridge between cultures, and so is the Republic of Turkey.
The people of this land understand, as Pamuk has observed, that "What
is important is not [a] clash of parties, civilizations, cultures, East
and West." What is important, he says, is to realize "that other
peoples in other continents and civilizations" are "exactly like you."

Ladies and gentlemen, in their need for hope, in their desire for
peace, in their right to freedom, the peoples of the Middle East are
exactly like you and me. Their birthright of freedom has been denied
for too long. And we will do all in our power to help them find the
blessings of liberty.