Share this

Timeline

More Than Submission Demanded of Lamennais

Dan Graves, MSL

"He who has stopped to calculate what liberty will cost has renounced
liberty in his heart." "If there be upon earth anything truly
great, it is the resolute firmness of a people who march on, under the
eye of God, to the conquest of those rights which they hold from Him,
without flagging for a moment. . . ."

These words came from the pen of Hughes Félicité
Robert de Lamennais, a man of strong opinions which he completely
changed several times in his life. As a young man Lamennais joined the
left in the French Revolution. In 1804 he renounced revolution and
became a priest, urging unity of religion and state. A few years more
brought him to demand separation of church and state. In later life,
after the church had humiliated him, he became an embittered deist.

During his years as a priest, Lamennais was an Ultramontanist, a
strong adherent of the pope's prerogatives and infallibility. Since
religion in one form or another is the driving principle of society,
society cannot ignore what people believe, taught Lamennais during this
phase of his thinking. Therefore atheists, deists and heretics must be
crushed. Within a dozen years he had moved to advocating complete
separation of church and state. Priests should not accept state pay. The
church should instead identify itself with the movement of political
liberalism and allow everyone the right to do anything he or she liked
as long as it was not opposed to right itself. Such ideas fostered the
Catholic Liberal and Christian Socialist movements.

The bishops of France turned on Lamennais and his magazine,
L'Avenir. Lamennais appealed to the pope and left him a
statement of his belief. Gregory XVI felt Lamennais had gone too far. He
rebuked his work on four grounds: that it dealt publicly with delicate
issues which should be handled higher in the church hierarchy; that his
theories would foment revolt; that many of his views were contrary to
church doctrine; and that there could not be collaboration between the
church and all who worked for liberty.

Lamennais accepted Gregory's decision with good grace, drafting his
own submission on this date, September 10,
1832. However, overzealous bishops forced him to repeat his
submission four times more. This was too much for the sensitive priest.
He broke with the church and abandoned his priestly vocation. From now
on he fought his battles independently. By his death he had mixed
pantheistic and naturalistic ideas with what remained of his faith.
Christ, the essence of Christianity, fell aside.

Lamennais' importance lies in the fact he forced Catholics to move
toward Democracy, created a new apologetic, and turned French
Catholicism away from Gallicanism. He had great influence on the Church
in France and, one might suspect, on modern Liberation Theology. Through
him sociological ideas entered religious thinking. He was a founder of
the Second French Republic.