Schwinger, Julian Seymour (1918–1994)

US physicist who shared with Richard Feynman
and Shinichtiro Tomonaga (1906–1979) the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics
for his independent work leading to the theory of quantum
electrodynamics (QED). Schwinger published his first physics paper at
age 16, and received a PhD by age 21. During World War II, he developed
important methods in electromagnetic field theory, which advanced the theory
of wave guides. Schwinger also conducted research on synchrotron
radiation, a type of electromagnetic radiation emeitted by charged particles
in circular orbits. His variational techniques were applied in several fields
of mathematical physics. In the 1940s he was one of the inventors of the
"renormalization" technique. In 1957, he theorized that there were different
neutrinos: one associated with the electron and one with the muon (verified
experimentally in 1962.)