Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing

I wish to thank the following individuals and organizations for their support in developing this project. Marisela Torres assisted me in locating some of the material used as background for the first edition of this resource. Michael Balas, Alice Powers, and Jay Zimmerman reviewed the examples of paraphrases. Maryellen Reardon read early drafts of the various sections of the first edition of the resource and provided valuable feedback on them. Stephen Black, Eugen Tarnow, and many others have also provided valuable feedback on initial web version of the instructional resource. I have also benefited from discussions on plagiarism and on other matters related to publication ethics that have appeared in forums such as the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) forum and RetractionWatch.com, as well as from private discussions with many individuals, such as Mary Ellen Kerans, Elizabeth Wager Karen Shashok and John Rodgers. I am, of course, indebted to the Office of Research Integrity, for providing initial funding for this project as well as for the current revision. The support of St. John’s University is also gratefully acknowledged with special thanks to Betty Farbman formerly of the Office of Grants and Sponsored Research at St. John’s.