The framework already comes with one of the hiearchical setting called : TriggerFrameworkSettings__c.AllTriggersDisabled - this is false by default. If you need to disable all triggers, you can just check this checkbox. and all triggers will be disabled for a given user/profile/org.

This method can also be extended for individual sObject.
You can add <sObject>TriggerDisabled (e.g. AccountTriggerDisabled) custom setting under TriggerFrameworkSettings__c, and that setting will be dynamically be read for that sObject for a given user/profile/org. The trigger at individual sObject will be enabled/disabled based on flag value.