infotextarticle2012engInternational Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

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201201http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_917_98f19786600a944abcd3d639d55e1389.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.917Optimization of traits to increasing barley grain yield using
an artificial neural networkM.GholipoorDepartment of Crop Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, IranauthorA.RohanibDepartment of Farm Machinery Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316,
Shahrood, IranauthorS.ToraniaDepartment of Crop Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iranauthortextarticle2012engThe grain yield (Y) of crops is determined by several Y components that reflect
positive or negative effects. Conventionally, ordinary Y components are screened for
the highest direct effect on Y. Increasing one component tends to be somewhat
counterbalanced by a concomitant reduction in other component (s) due to
competition for assimilates. Therefore, it has been suggested that components be
manipulated in conjunction with other traits to break the competition-resulting
barrier. The objective of this study is to optimize the effective components in
conjunction with certain participant traits for increased barley Y using an artificial
neural network (ANN) and a genetic algorithm (GA) as an alternative procedure.
Two field experiments were carried out separately at the Agriculture Research
Station located in Gonbade Kavous (37o16' N, 55o12' E and 37 asl), Iran. Ten
genotypes were grown in each experiment, and the Y and certain traits/components
were measured. Among the components/traits, those with a significant direct effect
and/or correlation with Y were selected as effective for the ANN and GA analysis.
The results indicate that the remobilization of stored pre-anthesis assimilates to grain
(R1), crop height (R2), 1,000-grains weight (R3), grain number per ear (R4),
vegetative growth duration (R5), grain-filling duration (R6), grain-filling rate (R7),
and tiller number (R8) were effective. The R2 for the training and test phases was
0.99 and 0.94, respectively, which reveals the capability of the ANN to predicting Y.
The optimum values obtained by GA were 14.2%, 104.34 cm, 36.9 g, 41.9, 100 d, 48
d, 1.22 mg seed-1 day-1, and 3.38 plant-1 for R1 through R8, respectively. The
optimization increased the potential Y to 5791 kg ha-1, which was higher than that
observed for the genotypes (3527 to 5163 kg ha-1).International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

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2012118http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_918_0edd1bc547068ce5e5a21a47949147d4.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.918Changes in weed seed banks and the potato yield as affected
by different amounts of nitrogen and crop residueA.HJalaliAgricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.authortextarticle2012engIn order to evaluate the impact of crop residues (zero, 25 and 50%) and nitrogen
(zero, 125 and 250 kg ha) on weed seed bank and potato yield, two-years research
was conducted as a split plot arranged in randomized complete block design in
Rozveh Agriculture Research Station, Freidan-Esfahan. Numbers of weed species
in seed bank, aboveground, and both seed bank and aboveground were 1, 2 and 8
respectively. Amaranthus retroflexus L. was dominant weed in seed bank in the
both years. Weed seed bank was significantly lower in both N rates than control in
the both years with no significant difference between the rates. Weeds biomass
with increased use of nitrogen fertilizer increased. In 25 and 50 percent of crop
residue treatments, weed seed density was greater than control. 125 kg N ha-1 with
25 percent of crop residue treatment produced the highest tuber yield (27850 kg ha-1),
although weed biomass was also high in this treatment. The results showed that
management of nitrogen fertilizer application and weed control by applying crop
residue crops in rotation will change.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

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20121932http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_919_a06330e7d902b2f511e90b8cd04cd080.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.919Evapotranspiration and yield of okra as affected by partial
root-zone furrow irrigationP.PanigrahiaNational Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur, Maharastra-440010, IndiaauthorN.NSahuCollege of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India.authortextarticle2012engPartial root-zone drying or partial root-zone irrigation is a newly proposed water
saving technique which may improve water use efficiency and nutrient uptake by
a crop without affecting its yield. A study was conducted to investigate the response
of furrow-irrigated okra to partial root zone drying in relation to cropevapotranspiration
(ETc), vegetative growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency in a
sandy loam soil. The experiment was conducted during December-March with three
furrow irrigation strategies: alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI), fixed partial
root-zone irrigation (FPRI), and full root-zone irrigation (FRI). Two levels of
irrigation: 25% available soil moisture depletion (ASMD) and 50% ASMD were
imposed under each furrow treatment. The plant vegetative growth was significantly
(P<0.05) higher in FRI, whereas the pod yield was more in APRI. Lower depletion
soil water treatment produced higher vegetative growth and yield. However, APRI at
50% ASMD resulted in highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) for pod yield,
and FPRI at 25% ASMD resulted in highest IWUE for total biomass. The maximum
ETc was observed under FRI, followed by APRI. The crop co-efficient (Kc) values
of 0.38, 0.74, 0.98 and 0.49 may be used in initial growth stage, mid growth stage,
final growth stage, and maturity stage of okra, respectively, to estimate the volume of
irrigation water under APRI. Partial factor productivity for the nutrients (N, P and K)
followed the similar trend as pod yield. Root biomass of the crop was more in FPRI,
where as total root length was more in APRI. The higher root length with finer roots,
in conjunction with better nutrients availability in soil produced the higher nutrients
content in leaves and pods of alternate partially irrigated plants. Overall, these results
reveal that the application of optimum quantity of water through APRI at 50%
ASMD could impose desirable water stress on okra plants, improving their fruit yield
and quality, without producing higher vegetative growth.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

20125565http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_921_91e9293cd1c955fe4e6ce90c8d2bbb24.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.921Drought-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber involves
membrane stabilisation improved by antioxidant systemX.DongState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural
University, Tai’an Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.authorH.BIState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural
University, Tai’an Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.authorG.WuState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural
University, Tai’an Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.authorX.AiState Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural
University, Tai’an Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.authortextarticle2012engWe assessed changes in ultrastructure, membrane lipid peroxidation and
antioxidant systems for cucumbner seedlings subjected to low temperature stress
(day/night temperature of 8 oC /5 oC) that had been either pre-treated with 10%
PEG for 2 days or not. We found extensive cell structure damage in the non-treated
seedlings, whereas the seedlings pretreated with PEG to simulate drought remained
essentially undamaged, except for slight damage to plasma membrane lipids and
alveolation in the mitochondria. Low temperature stress increased electrolyte
leakage, MDA levels and H2O2; decreased the activities of SOD, CAT and
APX, and AsA and GSH content. An increase in POD activity was observed in the
PEG-pretreated seedlings during the chilling period, while non-treated seedlings
showed an increase in POD activity only in the early days of chilling stress. PEG
pre-treatment diminished the level of lipid peroxidation caused by chilling
compared to the non-treated seedlings, possibly due to a decrease in electrolyte
leakage and MDA content. Furthermore, PEG pre-treatment increased the activities
of SOD, POD, CAT and APX and AsA and GSH content in the chilling-stressed
seedlings. These results suggest that PEG pre-treatment stimulates the adaptation
of cucumber to low temperature. This could be due to stabilisation of the cell
structure, alleviation of lipid peroxidation as a result of the increased activity of
antioxidant enzymes and contents of antioxidant metabolites.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

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20126780http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_922_5c0568b167e20098e9b514840130e5a7.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.922Soil moisture affects fatty acids and oil quality parameters in
peanutS.ChaiyadeeDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.authorS.JogloyDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.authorP.SongsriDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.authorN.SingkhamDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.authorN.VorasootDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.authorP.SawatsitangDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.authorC.CHolbrookCrop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia
31793, USA.authorA.PatanothaiDepartment of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.authortextarticle2012engDrought affects yield of peanut, but its effect on oleic and linoleic acids that
influence its oil quality of peanut genotypes with different levels of drought
resistance has not been clearly investigated. Therefore, the aims of this research
were to determine whether soil water levels could affect oil quality by changes in
fatty acid compositions of peanut, and to investigate the changes in oil characters in
peanut genotypes with their potential drought resistance under different water
regimes. Field experiments were conducted in split-plot designs with four
replications during dry season for two years (2003/04 and 2004/05). Three water
regimes [field capacity (FC), 2/3 available soil water (2/3 AW) and 1/3 available
soil water (1/3 AW)] were assigned as main-plots, and six peanut genotypes were
assigned as sub-plots. The data were recorded at maturity for fatty acid
compositions and % oil. Seed samples were analyzed for % oil by Soxtec System
HT, and fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography.
Differences among water regimes and peanut genotypes were significant for oleic
and linoleic acids content and their ratio (O/L ratio), unsaturated to saturated fatty
acid ratio (U/S ratio) and iodine value (IV). Genotype × water regime interactions
were also significant for all characters. Drought improved the oil quality by
significant increase in oleic acid and O/L ratio, and reduced the linoleic acid, IV
and U/S ratio. Peanut genotypes with different levels of drought resistance
displayed similar tendency in fatty acid characters under drought conditions.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

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20128196http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_923_530a6e1c8f3769fe22552949f69d8c06.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.923Remobilization of water soluble carbohydrates in non-leaf
organs and contribution to grain yield in winter wheat
under reduced irrigationY.P.ZhangCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology , China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China.authorY.H.YangCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology , China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaauthorQ.WXueTexas AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.authorZ.MWangCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology , China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.authortextarticle2012engThe remobilization of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) has an important role
for grain yield. This study investigated the accumulation and remobilization of WSC
in non-leaf organs (chaff, upper stem, and lower stem) and their contribution to grain
yield, under different irrigation levels (rainfed, reduced irrigation, and full irrigation)
and seeding rate treatments (450, 600 and 750 plants m
-2) using two winter wheat
cultivars, Shijiazhuang 8 (SJZ-8) and Lumai 21 (LM-21), in two field experiments.
Results showed that decreasing irrigation and increasing seeding rates increased
WSC accumulation and remobilization, remobilization efficiency, and contribution to
grain yield in non-leaf organs. When the organs are ranked from highest to lowest in
terms of the WSC accumulation amount, remobilization amount, remobilization
efficiency, and contribution to grain yield, they are: the lower stem, the upper stem,
and then the chaff. And between cultivars, these amounts were higher in SJZ-8 than
in LM-21. The total contribution, pre-anthesis contribution, and post-anthesis
contribution of WSC remobilization from all non-leaf organs to grain yield ranged
from 11.7 to 21.5%, 4.8 to 9.4%, and 6.9 to 12.1%, respectively. This increase in
WSC accumulation, remobilization, and contribution to grain yield in non-leaf
organs is an important reason high grain yields can be maintained in water-saving
and optimal high density management systems.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

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201297116http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_924_6f70a3fa7e8b4bcd7d39a9e9d147051f.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.924Effects of sowing time and rate on crop growth and radiation
use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China PlainH.SunKey Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of
Genetics and Developmental Biology, Hebei 050021.authorl.ShaoKey Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of
Genetics and Developmental Biology, Hebei 050021.authorS.ChenKey Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of
Genetics and Developmental Biology, Hebei 050021.authorX.ZhangKey Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Centre for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of
Genetics and Developmental Biology, Hebei 050021.authortextarticle2012engCrop depends on its canopy to intercept solar radiation to drive both assimilation
and water, nutrient absorption for its growth. Field experiments, involving three
sowing time and three sowing rate, were conducted at Luancheng Station to
investigate the effects of canopy size and development on crop growth and radiation
use efficiency (RUE) of winter wheat during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing
seasons. The results showed that the maximum effects of sowing time on the
phenological development occurred between emergence and elongation, and which
was 186.0 and 162.3 doC thermal time difference during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011,
respectively. Sowing time and sowing rate significantly affected above-ground
biomass accumulation and RUE. Results showed that optimized sowing time and
sowing rate has the potential to improve yield of winter wheat and radiation use
efficiency. RUE during pre-anthesis was lower than that during post-anthesis,
especially for the delayed sowing treatments which was mainly caused by the lower
dry matter mobilization (DMM) and dry matter mobilization efficiency (DMME).
Compared with the normal sowing time treatment, the delayed sowing time
treatments had the lower DMM and DMME which indicated that the different
sowing date would affect the duration of growth and then the RUE.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

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2012117138http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_925_29e072a614b88ef549c7902120ac1de0.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.925Adjusting yield components under different levels of N
applications in winter wheatj.GolbaDepartment of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.authorj.RozbickiDepartment of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.authorD.GozdowskiDepartment of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska
159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.authorD.SasResearch Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.authorW.MądryDepartment of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, NowoursynowskaauthorM.PiechocińskiDepartment of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.authorL.KurzyńskaDepartment of Agronomy, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.authorM.StudnickiDepartment of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska
159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.authorA.DerejkoDepartment of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska
159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.authortextarticle2012engThis work presents information on the patterns of yield determination by yield
components as a function of the level of management of the crop. The data used for
the analyses were obtained from 8 field experiments located across Poland in 2009
and 2010. 25 winter wheat cultivars were evaluated at two management levels, i.e.,
at a low input of nitrogen fertilisation and pesticides and at a higher input of these
materials. Yield determination was evaluated with a path analysis conducted for
each cultivar separately for each management level. The results were presented
using the values of the path coefficients. The pattern of yield determination for
most of the cultivars examined differed between the high-input and the low-input
management levels. Under the low-input management, all three yield components
contributed similarly to yield determination. Under high-input management, the
effect of the number of spikes per m2 was much greater than the effect of the
weight of an individual grain.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147

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2012139150http://ijpp.gau.ac.ir/article_926_3a9491af19cc2d37f43a196c168341fe.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22069/ijpp.2012.926Influence of water stress on morpho-physiological and
phytochemical traits in Thymus daenensisB.BahreininejadDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology,
84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.authorJ.RazmjooDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology,
84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.authorM.MirzaResearch Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran.authortextarticle2012engThymus daenensis is a medicinal plant endemic to semi-arid regions of Iran. A
field experiment using a randomized complete block design with four replications
was conducted to evaluate the effect of 20, 50 and 80% soil water depletion on
morpho-physiological traits, essential oil content and composition and water use
efficiency of T. daenensis during 2010-2011. Water stress reduced growth, herbage
production, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, while increased proline, K+,
essential oil content and irrigation water use efficiency based on essential oil yield
(IWUEeso). Thymol was the highest essential oil composition (63.3-73.5%)
followed by carvacrol (3.6-16.0%), ρ-cymene (3.8-7.4%), γ-terpinene (3.3-4.7%),
β-caryophyllene (2.8-4.0%) and borneol (1.4-3.4%), respectively. Thymol, ρ-cymene
and γ-terpinene were increased, while the other compositions decreased under
water stress. It is concluded that irrigation of T. daenensis based on 50% water
depletion should be an appropriate choice for first growing season and 80% water
depletion for the second growing season in semi-arid climatic conditions.International Journal of Plant ProductionGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences1735-68147