Germany > Prussia > Breslau: Jewish Wilhelm School (Wilhelmschule) silver token, 1791; not maker-marked; 21mm, 2.25g. Commemorates foundation of Jewish Wilhelmschule of Breslau. Although school was supported by Prussian-Jewish aristocrat Lippmann Meyer, local insecurity over anti-Semitism led the community to pay homage instead to the Christian minister, Count Karl von Hoym (German legend: "Vom Grafen Hoym Veredelt"), who made the existence of the school possible and who gave the Jews a new constitution in 1790 (JM-70 and 137).

France > Bordeaux: Consistorial Synagogue of Bordeaux, 1810; by Jaley; in pewter; size: 35mm; weight: 23.55g. Commemoriates the founding of the Sephardic Jewish Synagogue in the city. Obv. leg. "Consistorial Synagogue of Bordeaux". Rev. leg. "Built in 1810 under the reign of Napoleon the Great". On obv. there are signs of an earlier strike on the planchet (about 15 degree angle leftward); on rev. some light scratchs on upper left. This is one of only two known French Synagogue medals to have been struck before the fall of Napoleon; JM-71 & 138.

Germany > Hanover: uniface bronze medallion of Board of Jewish Community in Hannover, c. 1870-1880s; 44.5mm, 19.1g. Coat of arms of Hanover with lions on either side, and community's name written around: "Vorstand der Israelitischen Gemeinde zu Hannover". Probably affixed to an official object belonging to the Board; its est. date relates to time of growth in community: after emancipation of Jews of Hanover (1866), est. of the large Synagogue (1865-1870) & rise in Jewish population, to 3500 (1880).

Romania: "ZION-JOBB" [freemason?] fraternity medal, commemorating 30 years to its foundation, 1903; not maker marked. Obv: Start of David with leg. "17. ZION-J.O.B.B 1873-1903 Fraternitatea I 380 Feb."; rev: Star of David with emblematic device above & letters "C.F.A." below. Sources mention a "Zion Lodge" in connection to the Jewish community, and a forerunner to the Bnai Brith fraternity, called the "Brotherhood of Zion Society" was founded in 1872 - this may be related to it. 32.5mm; 18.8g.

Czechoslovakia: 700th Anniversary of Altneuschul ("Old-New" Synagogue) bronze comm. medal, 1990, by Jiri Vaclav Hampl; 60mm, 83.7g. Obv: Altneuschul building & dates 1290 | 1990 + Czech/Heb leg. "700 Years for the Altneuschul". Rev: Star of David w/Swedish cap in center, abv. gravestones of the old Jewish cemetery & Czech leg. "The Jewish Religious Community in Prague". Sw. Cap & SoD reference such flag presented to Jew. Comm. by Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II to thank it for its aid in defending city from beseiging Swedish army during Thirty Years War (1618-48) & still hangs from center pillars of Synagogue. Medal issued c. Sept 1990 for sale by State Jewish Museum of Prague to raise funds, as it returned to private control & stopped receiving state support. Hampl (b. 1929) has extensive medallic portfolio & this medal chief Jew. theme; also Memorial to Children's Victims of War in Lidice. Oxidation mark on obv. & sm. on rev.

Netherlands Antilles/Curacao: Synagogue Mikvé Israel-Emanuel ("Snoa") uniface bronze commem. medal (ND), c. 1982-1997; not maker-marked; 45.5mm, 58.3g. Depicts exterior of Synagogue building w/foundation date 1732 below. This is the oldest Synagogue in the Americas, congregation dates from 1651; this was the 5th & final Temple built by the Jewish community. Congregation also known as "Snoa" (shorthand for Portuguese "Esnoga" - "Synagogue"). Medal may date from 1982 - Synagogue's 250th anniversary; may also date from 1997, when its home-town, Willemstad was declared a Unesco World Heritage City.