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VOL. VI.
Cos %n%tiz8 Star
. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING
At No. 1, Pico Buildings, Spring street, adjoining the II. S. Land Office, Los Angeles
BY H. HAMILTON.'
TERMS:
Subscription, per annum, in advance..$5 00
For Six Months, .'_ 3 00
For Three Months '[''' *2 qq
Single Number , [,;''_' 0 2$
Auver-ISEMbnts inserte at TwoDoIlars per square
of ten lines, for the first insertion ; and One
Doll, r per square for each subsequent insertion.
A liberal deduction made to Yearly Advertisers.
Aoemts.—The following gentlemen are authorised Agents for the Stab :
L. P. Fisher, ................ San Francisco.
Bimxa & Bubbick, Post OlTice San Gabriel.
Whislkk*; Kii*G Monte.
Col. tKAThomson Monte.
r. N.-Slbkh Santa Barbara.
J-jiH-KD. A. Thomas , San Bernardino.
PACIFIC EXPRESS COMPANY,
THI*' undersigned, Agent
of the "PACIFIC EXPRESS '
COMPANY," will despatolilj^every _teSm
_"r.gul_r Express, in charge of a. Special Me*-_e_i";__, to
SANTA BARBARA.
SAN LUIS OBISPO,
MONTEREY.
SAN FRANCISCO., and
All parts of Northern and Southern Mines.
—ALSO—
Oregon, Atla-itic States and KiiropB.
COLNlt'eTII'N7.-' t'l-uk* in nil ,.f Hie (ib'.ve n:i.iii-<l ,,1ii-ui.
TRKA-URE, l'ARCHI.S, r.U'KA'.'KS !ln,i LKTTKRS for
war****.,
[IRAKIS piirchasisilii- San Francisco on tha Atlanta
LOS ANOELES, CAL., SATUKDAY, JANUABY 3, 1857.
NO. 34.
kmxm C„rk
O. I. THOM. c. g,m.
THOM & SIMS,
Attorneys and Counsellors at Law.
OFFICE—ON MAIN STBEET,
(Opposite Uie Bella Union. Hotel.) un7
Jotin "W. Shore,
COUNTY CLERK.
Fee. payable Invariably In advance.
I3r. Garter,
OFFICE AND DRUG STORE,
-OS ANGELES STREET,
Adjoining Keller's Store.
atei »»il B
Partio
.,lL"n:i..
paid to the forwarding of Gold Dust
c, raceivedup to the latest mon
H. R. MYLES. As«n t
SEWING MACHINES.
GROVEE, BAKER & CO.'S PATENT,
T!IRii*!d(_r.-igiir-*.l lm* nn band 1
natantly recciv
«eblD«_, tontfe
j L-C. which h
DR. A. COGK,
WOULD inform his friends and the public,tbat
lie now occupies a room on Requena street, in
the city of Los Angeles, where he may be consulted at all hours, (except when abroad-to visit the
sick.) He will be happy to confer witb all those
who wish his council or medical aid. A-full and
unbroken confidence may be entrusted to him in
any one or other case of disease to which the human system is made heir. He will successfully
treat all indolent ulcers, tumors, swellings, abscesses and scrofula: and will give particular attention to the treatment and cure of diseases of
the Bye. . . octlS
JAMES CLAUKE,
Attorney and Counsellor at I.,aw,
.. —E L M 0 N T E.—
Office in Whistler's Block, on Main Street.
dec20
SOLOMON LAZAIID,
IM.-'ORTBB.,
And Wholesale and Retail Dealerin
French, EiigH-h and American
Dry Good-.
Corner of Melius Row, Los Angeles. aug 9
N\ It, Mn-hin
0|1|K1:
*, Sun 1-Y-i
KTotice.
ALL persons are hereby cautioned against buying or otherwise trading for mi vented horses,
or cattle of our brands ; u* they will be prosecuted to the extent of the law.
ANDREAS DOMINGUEZ.
.ep__-tf JESUS Ma. COT.V de DOMINGUEZ.
r-otioo-
If
'TICK IS HICI'Kl
ktttUabttei, will L>. pr
JOSEPH A. ROWI"
Carnage m& Ulacksiuitli. Shop.
By JOHN GOLLER.
"' AffGELES STREET,
LOE
TEN-J-'iMT 01* eOMMfJtQIAL.
pspectfnll;
rrutE s«b-
I f.-rmst
1 he -.rill ke<*]
Coaches,Baggies, Wagons, Carts &c,
m ' lll-.-lt :llld
for"sale a tin_
Plank &nd_S.
rioty ofC-irt
N-CkYokes.OoibL
ii.*;.
Oat
. ffhi
tanth-oii han-B
!. Spoken, Felloes
, shirts
11* ti diii
ing let
Horse Shoeing and Blacksmithing
in *UH8Wnoibranches,oxecu-t.-wilhpromptn'-Sfand
pdlaatch. P«*4__"ar attention trill be given to the manufacture ni'!r.[iiiirori'l.U\\X If AK I'OW.S. :uid otliorl*arm-
Ing 0_.t_nsiln. ae h*vwftnexten«i*»eaitwirtm-ntofTron__:-
*!.■!, Siuings, Units, ]'|i,*,v an.l Siiriii*. ■m-ol. and othei tnalp.
alp-
Also, 20 Tons of Blacksmiths'
With n./ii.-i.nt t.hr r.,-1 ,.!" ,,.1-1; :; in ■■■!,
feels
n to 11
■ulii
CoaL
j in 11 us employ, he
n.iti.sf.-i-ti-r to his
JOHN GOLLEH.
New Lumber Yard,
IN LOS ANGELES.
rjlIIE undersigned have established a Lumber
-I. Fard, on Main street, at David Anderson'"-
wagon ituiki 11 u shou. opposite Dalton's brick building, and bave ou hand a large quantity of White
Cedar, of a very superior quality; and will bere-
ceiviiiff every month direct from the mills, every
variety ofsawed lumber, from siding up to floor-
'uS,J°ico, white cedar shingles, plastering laths,
f-nce pa_ijnir. pickets, ___., with every variety ot
I-U,nber used in the community.
H, H.LUSE&CO.
D.ANDERSON, Agent,
Lo-Ang-l-s, Oct. 11.1856.
AUG. W. TIMMS.
Forwarding and Commission Merchant,
San Pi', 1*110 axd Loa Angeles.Cai"..,
11 H. READ, Agent, kos A11 geles.
BANNING & WILSON,
For warding and Commission Merchants, San Pedro.
Pheseas Banning, S. H. Wilson.
_______ peP27
GAMBRIinJS BREWERY.
THE best ALE aud BEER manufactured, and always on hand. Delivered to city customers
with"ut extra charge.
Coopering and l-epnirlng of Barrels, Ae. &_.
An assortment of Barrels always on hand.
PC. MESSES, Preprietor.
______ C3-_ ZS^XjXj,
IMPORTER AND DEALER IN
Blank Books, Staple ami fancy Stationery
Writing Paper, &c. 1-*.
Corner of Front and Commercial Streets,
SAN FRANdSCO.
August 9, 1856. 3m
WOOL SI an SHIS.
_F5_ _a, 1 :e_>:s___ Bxnerson
GIVES NOTICE TO THE RANCHEROS AND
Butchers of this vicinity that he will give the
highest price for Hides, Calf, Sheep, and Goat
Skins, and for Wool.
jgg!- Liberal advances made 011 contracts for
the coming clip of Wool.
_____TT_-_-COJ_____H_..
A general assortment of Red wood and Pine
Lumber, for sale at the Lumber Yard on Alameda
street, near Aliso street.
J. C. EDDY & CCS
IS THE PLACE TO BUY YOUR
CLOTHING, HATS, CAPS,
—AND—
FURmSHING GOODS.
FOH THEY HAVE UNEQUALLED FACILI-
TIESFOR SUPPLYING- EVERY ARTICLE OP
GENTLEMENS'
"Wearing __?Li_>i_»-^reX
—AT—
LOWER PRICES
Than any other Establishment in the State.
CALL AND SEE FOR YOURSELVES,
At their Establishment on the Northwest Cor-
aer of Sansome and Commercial Sts.,
Directly opposite the St, Nicholas Hotel San Fran-
cisco. The place may be known by the stained
.glass windows. dec6 lm
Set.
STATF OF CALIFORNIA,
County of Los Angeles.
■The People ofthe State of California to JOHN
W. HAGUE.
YOU are hereby summoGed to appear before me,
C.O.Cunningham, a Justice of the Peace, of
the Township of El Monte and County of Los Angeles, at my office in Lexington, on the 2d day of
June A. D. 1857, at 10 o'clock A. M. of said day,
to answer the complaint ofE. D. Webb, who seeks
to recover the sum ot thirty nine dollars aud seventy six cents on account.
And on failure to appear and answer, judgment
Will be rendered against you for $39 76-100 and
oobIb thereon.
- Given under roy hand this 2d day of December
A. D. i.5€. C. O. CUNNINGHAM,
•3ec6 Justice of tbe Peace.
JONAS G. CLARK & CO.
128 Wasl.iiigttoii street,
SAN FRAXOI.SCO.
IMPOETEBS,
Wholesale and Eetail Dealers,
In every description of
FURNITURE, BEDDING, &c. &c.
_P XJ __=_. IKTX ■___■ TJ .EL _____
WAREROOMS,
In the Building opposite Washington Market,
(Formerly known as the Clipper Warehouse,)
And id and 51 Fourth street, between J and K
streets, Sacramento.
"We have on exhibition and in great variety,
ROSEWOOD, MAHOGANY, WALNUT, OAK AND
PAINTED
PARLOR AND CHAMBER SETS,
SOFAS,
0TT0MAKS.
LOUNGES,
AND EASY CHAIRS,
Work, Centre, Dining, Extension and Fancy
TABLES.
Mercliants' and Lawyers' Deslts.
BOO-tCASES,
SECI_ETAnIK_,
BUREAUS,
SIDEBOARDS ami
WHAT-NOTS.
Office and Kitchen Furniture,
o _e_c ._a_ x _o. &,
Of all qualities, newest style and most approved
make.
Large and small French Plate lantel and Pier
_MIX-_-1.3_=8.-0-Etfi-.
______!- For the TRADE, we bave a large stock,
on clippers to arriye heavy shipments, and will
receive regular and oomplete INVOICES of goods
adapted to the wants of tiie interior nnd coast.
*_§*■• Particular attention and care !**iven to
TRADE, ORDERS and the FURNISHING of
Hotels and Public Buildings.
^__f- Goods purchased will be sent to Steamers,
Vessels, and all parts of the city without charge.
JONAS G. CLARK & CO.,
No. 128 Washington street,
aug 30 San Francisco
Tlie Present.
Do not crouch to-day, and worship
The old Past, whose life is fled ;
Hush your voice to tender reverence ;
Crown'd he lies, but cold and dead;
For the Present reigns our monarch,
With an added weight of hours j
Honor her, tor she is mighty!
Honor her, for she is ours!.
See the shadows of his heroes,
Girt aroiind her cloudy throne ■
And each day the ranks are strengthened
By great heart, to him unknown ;
Noble things the great Past promised,
Holy dreams, both strange and new ;
But the Present shall fullill them,
What he promised she shall do.
She inherits all his treasures,
She is heir to all his fame,
And the light that lightens round her,
Is the lustre of his name ;
She ia wise with all his wisdom,
■ Living on'his grave she stands ;
On her brow she bears hia laurels,
And her ha_v__t- iti her baud.
Coward, can she reign and conquer,
If we thus her glory dim T
Let us fight for her as nobly
Aa our .'athers did for him.
God, wbo orowns the dying ages,
Bids us rule, and'us obey—
Bids us cast our lives before her,
With our loving hearts to day I
T_ast Year's Dead.—By Benj. F. "Taylor.
Some, like the Morning Star, went out at dawn,
Wheu birds did smfr at Heaven's gate aloud ;
Some, like tbe sun, kept shining bravely on,
Still in the West, beneath a golden cloud,
Tlie dead Day lay in State, and lamps did burn,
In all of Heaven, to welcome their return ;
And Earth' was dewy with the tears she shed,
And bared her bosom for the coming dead,
But still upon the Western threshold ofthe World
They yet shall linger, and our eyes behold,
Till this great azure, tent of time is furled ;
And ages -stand before God's Gates of Gold.
We cannot weep for these. The Sexton makes
Their graves in vain. The green earth idly break-
In voiceless billows, for her Etitiop breast
Shall not unfold them. Let her love tbe flowers.
And woo the leaves December has caressed*
Let her put shrouds on the summer hours
And fold dead birds within the snowy drift,
But these are not for her. Oh I she may lift
The pail, the turf—the might are not there,
Though bell and rite and dirge were rnngandsaid
And sung, no sigh nor sting can make them dead
Whom God did give His wardrobe for their wear!
As vainly dream to bear the star away,
Shining tbe night out, in a drop of dew,
That June has shed upon the rose's crest,
A syllable of Heaven—to some far day,
And think to set that crystal shrine anew,
In starry splendor upon beauty's breast.
Uh ! MasU-r builder ofthe solemn tomb.
Oh ! Mighty Weaver of the shrouds of gloom,
These are not thine, pb! Time, for they shall be,
When not a withered leaf remains of thee !
And those who went at morning. like the bird,
That meet the dawn a moment out of Heaven—
For whom a window opened, and we heard
The songs of seraphs and of souls forgiven—■
We cannot weep ior them, who ever keep,
So close to Paradise, their very sleep
Is white with wings and beautiful with dreams ;
The Foundlings ot the world, see where we lie,
On Heaven's threshold, above its streams,
A ray of glory. Do you deem they die,
When, gates ajar, they creep confiding in,
Truants irom thee, ol) ! Time, from tears and sin ?
Oh ! wondrous journey they have finished there—
From cradle mimming unto an angel choir!
Growth of Cities.
London is now the greatest concentration of
human power the world has ever known. Will
its supremacy be permanent, or will it, like its
predecessors, be eclipsed by western rivals 1 New
Yorkers do not doubt, and indeed have no reason
to doubt, that their city, now numbering little
more than one-third of the population of London,
will within tiie next fifty years, be greater than
the m.tropolis ofthe British empire.
New York, with her immediate dependencies,
numbers about 900 000. Since 1790 she. has established a law of growth which doubles her population once in fifteen years. If this law continues
to operate, she may be expected to possess in
1881,1,800,000 ; 3.600,000 in 1886, aud 7,200,000
in 1901. If twenty years be allowed New York
as her future period of duplication, she would
overtake London by the end of fifty years. London may then have five millions ; New York will
almost certainly have more than that number.
Will the star of empire become stationary at
New York? The ititerior plain ofNorth America
has within itself more means to sustain a dense
population in civilized comfort than any other
region ofthe world. The star of empire cannot
be arrested in its western course uutil it reaches
this plain. Its most promising city at present is
Chicago. Tbe law of its growth since 1840 seems
to be a duplication within four years. In 1810 it
numbered 4379. In June of this year it will contain 88.000. At the same rate of increase carried
forward, it would overt-lie New York within
twenty years. If six years be allowed for each
future duplication, Chicago would overtake New
York in thirty-three years. If the growth of Chicago should iu future be measured by a duplication of every seven years, it would contain 5,622,-
000 in forty-two years.
In 1901, forty-five years from this time, the central plain, including the Canadas, will coutain
about eighty millions of people. Its chief city
may be expected to contain about one-tenth of
this population. Before tbe end of this century,
the towns and cities of the central plain will contain, within their suburbs, not less thau half their
entire population—that is to say forty millions.
How these millions shall be apportioned among
the cities of that day, is a subject for curious
speculation.
■ — *»n^l ' % * -W
Cuuiou. I*\tve.\"f[o>~.—A very curious invention
has been madeMn England, Its object is the manufacture ot picture frames, and other articles
of like description out of bricks; and, singularly
enough, such an object as this has been and can
be successfully accomplished. It is done, as we
understand, by reducing pieces of old brick to
powder, mixing this powder with some portion of
the tar or refuse of the gas works, and then compressing tbe mixture iuto suitable moulds. The
result is said to be a solid, durable and beautiful
article, of almost any given pattern.
The Royal Spy.
Of all the mysteries that occurred in the American Revolution, tho employment of Riviugton,
editor of the Royal Gazette, iu the secret service
of the American commander, is the most astonishing.
The time that this remarkable connection took
place is of course unknown. There ia much probability that it may have commenced at the closing ot the campaign of 1776, as it is known that
about that time Robert Morris borrowed of a
Qu&ker, five hundred guineas iu gold for the secret service of Washington's arms, and that intelligence of vital and vast importance was obtained from the disbursement «f the Quaker's
loan.
The worthy Quaker said to Morris :—" How can
I, friend Robert, wbo am a man of peace, lend thee
money for the purpose of war? Friend George,
is, I believe, a good man, and fighting in a good
cause ; but I am opposed to fighting of any sort.'
Morris, however, soon managed to quiet old
Broadbrim's scruples j the gold was dug up from
his garden, and handed over to the Commander-
in-Chief whose application of it to the secret service produced the happiest effdets upon the cause
of the Revolution in the critical period of our
destiny.
Rivington proved faithful to his bargain, and
often would intelligence of great importance,
gleaned at convivial moments at Sir William's or
Sir Harry's table, be in the American camp, before
the convivialists had slept eft' the effects of their
wine.
The business of the secret service was so well
managed that oven a supicion never arose as to
the medium through which intelligence of vast
importance was continually being received iu the
American camp, from the very head quarters oi
the British army ; and, had suspicion arose, the
King's printer would probably have been the last
man suspected, for during the whole of his connection with the secret services his Royal Gazette
literally piled abuses of every sort upou the American General and the cause of America.
In 1783 this remarkable mystery was solved.—
When Washington entered New York a conqueror,
by the evacuation ot the British he- s_id one
morning to two of his officers :
" Suppose, gentlemen, we walk down to Riving-
ton's book store ; he is said to be a very pleasant
kind of fellow.
Amazed as the officers were at the idea of visiting such a man, they of course prepared to accompany the Chief. When arrived at the book store,
Rivington received his visitors with great politeness ; for he was indeed one of the most elegant
gentlemen and best bred men of the age. Escort'
ing the party into a parlor, he begged the officers
to be seated, and then said to the Chief ;
" Will your Excellency do me the honor to step
into the adjoining room for a moment, that I may
show you the list of the agricultural works I am
about to order out from London for your special
use V
The locks on the doors of tbe houses in New York
city, more than three score years ago were not so
good as now. The door of Riviiigton's private
room closed very imperfectly and soon became ajar,
when the officers distinctly beard the chinking of
two heavy purses of gold as they were successively
put upon a table.
The party soon returned frond the inner room,
when Rivington pressed upon his guests a glass of
Maderia which he assured them was a prime article,
having imported it himself.
The visitors now rose to depart. Rivington, on
taking leave of the Chief, whom he escorted to the
door, sai:
" Your Excellency may rely upon my especial attention being given to the agricultural works, which,
on their arrival, will be immediately forwarded to
Mount Vernon, where I trust they will contribute to
your gratification amid the shades of domestic retirement."
Rivington remained for several years after the
peace of 17S-3, then returned to England, and there
died. He was never called to account by his government for the affair of the secret service. It was
the general opinion at that time if Rivington had
been closely pressed on the delicate service, characters of greater caliber might have appeared on tbe
tapis than the King's Printer.
Fr-cmusofi- In Turkey.
A correspondent of the London Daily News,
writing from Belgrade, says:
More thau a year ago I communicated to you
the fact of the existeuce of Mahomedan Freemasons in European Turkey, whose tendency, signs,
and other modes of recognition are iden tical with
those ofthe masons in other countries of Europe.
These Bektaschi Dervishes—as they are called in
Turkish—were, however, always looked upon by
the Porte as anon recognized religious sect, and
property belonging to the order was therefore
confiscated, in con-Sequence ol wbich they have
eoutiuuedever since to act witb great caution, aud
hold their lodges in secret.
Amongst the nine lodges of the order, there
happen to be several members of high rank and
now enjoying great influence at Constantinople
The Graud Master ofthe Order in European Turkey is Tzani Zscholak Mahommed Saede, who re-
tides at Belgrade, and is at the same time master
ofthe lodge of Allkotsch. in this city. In consequence of ttie new order of things in Turkey, and
especially in virtue ofthe lately published Hatti-
Humuiayoum, which acknowledges the legal existence of all religious creeds and sexes, and guarantees the full exercise of their several forms of
worship, the above named Grand Master left this
place yesterday ior Constantinople, to endeavor
to obtain for the former persecuted Bektaschi
Dervishes the formal recognition ofthe Turkish
government, and if he succeeds he will apply for
restitution of the property formerly belonging to
the order and confiscated. The religion of the
Bektaschi is decidedly tbe most enlightened and
liberal lorra of MaLomedanism, witb the greatest
approach to civilization and improvement.
Description ot the Capitol.
This work being now fairly under way, we proceed to lay before tbe public the following description of its character and dimeusions. The
edifice is to be located on the square bounded by
I and J, Ninth aud Tenth streets, being in the upper part of the city, and on the most elevated
ground within its limits. The form of the building will be that of a Greek cross, with portico*-
at each of the four ends, surmounted by a dome
In the centre. The leugth, one way, exclusive .f
tbe porticos, will be 212 feet; the other 131 feet.
The width of each arm will be 6*1- feet G inchei.—
It will consist of two stories, betides the basement. The top of the cornice will be 70 feet
from the ground ; the top or the dome, 131 feet.
The basement is to be 8 feet high; the first, or
main story, wil] be 20 feet 11 Inches; and the second, 20 feet 8 inches. The Senate Chamber aud
hall of Assembly, the two principal apartments,
will be -:f_ feet 6 inches in bight. The edifice together witb the shafts of columns, pilasters, cornices, &c. are to be of brick. The basement, with
the steps to the porticos, and the different entrances will be granite. Tho floors of the rotunda
porticos and basement halls will be marble tiles
Tbe caps and bases of the columns, pilasters, cornices, window sills, water conductors, ventilators,
railings, &c, are to be made of cast iron. The
floors of the halls and rotunda in the basement,
and also over tbe cellars, are to be supported by
wrought iron beams. There is to be a gallery
around the rotunda; also, one in the Supremo
Court Rooni, the Senate Chamber and tho Hall of
Assembly. The edifice will be supplied witb 42
windows in the basement, 50 in the principle story, 54 in the second, and 16 in the rotunda. There
is to be one skylight oyer the back stairs, and two
in the top of the dome. The roof, gutters, dome,
_-C, are to be covered with heavy tin. The ceilings throughout are to be plastered ; and the architraves, cornices, jambs, &c, are to be run with.
cement or stucco. Enriched panels and mouldings will appear in various parts of the building,
while the principle offices aud chambers will be
embellished with ornamented centre pieces. The
outside of tbe edifice is to be plastered with cement mortar. Thedoorsaud window sashes are to
be grained in imitation of oak, and all the exterior wood and iron work, including the roof and
gutters, are to be painted and _anded.-5_-c.-4gf..
The Great African D-sbht.—Few men have*
a correct standard by which to measure the vast
extent of the African Desert. It stretches westward down to the green waters of the Atlantic. It
yieldsnot to the gigantic floods that the great
ocean ceaselessly rolls against the continent. Far
into the high sea, the Sahara extends below the-
restless waves, so tbat the depth of water is but
trifiing for miles, and ships cannot approach the
inhospitable shores. Fearful sand baDks announce
to tbe weary mariner that he is near the land of
mysterious Africa, and warn him to seek more
ndly harbors. Eastward, the dread wastespread.
its white shroud over the whole northern part of
the continent, until at last it is lifted on high by
the pyramids of Egypt and torn by the mighty
floods of the Nile. In vain, year after year, does
t roll its colossal, dry waves over lhe Sphynx and
Temple; in vain does it send its tempest-tossed
clouds even across the fertile valley. The great-
god of the Nile, whom the Egyptians worshipped,.
and before whom the ignorant Arab still kneels
n blind awe, interposes bis power, and from the
sacred mountains beyond, a higher voice is heard :
So far shalt thou go, aud no farther !"
The length ofthe Sahara is thus nearly sis
hundred acd eighty geographical miles, but its
breadth differs, especially towards the Red Sea ;
"". it covers, with its dread and dismal terrors,
a space much larger than two-thirds of all Eu- .
rope.
Exploration o.- tub Nile.^-TIio new expedition to the head waters ofthe Nile, under the
command of the French Count d'E.cayrac de Lau-
ture, and under fhe protection and auspices of
Siad Pasha, promises to exceed all similar projects hitherto set on foot. At Vienna twelve officers of the Austrian general staff expressed their
willingness to join the expedition, from which
number, three were selected, who, together with
the mineralogist, Mayer, recently in the Dutch
Government in Borneo, made up the complement
of Germans iu the expedition. The whole force
will comprise twelve Europeans, besides the leader, and 300 soldiers furnished by the Egyptian.
Government. Among these latter, who are pria-
cipally natives from the interior of Africa, there
are supposed to be a sufficiency of interpreters..
For the navigation of the Nile tho expedition has
thirty barks and two small steamers, with a crew
of one hundred men, besides tho necessary men
aud meaus to continue tb. journey by land beyond the head of navigation. Never before wa_ a-
scientific expedition fitted out in like manner.
The expedition will leave Europe on the 10th;
ofSeptetnber, Count d'Escayrac, with the Germans, embarking at Triste, and the French expeditionists at Marseilles. The entire party will
meet at Alexandria and expect to reach Ohartoum
by December, where tbey wiil remain some time
to complete the organization.—N. Y. Evening
Post. .
Valuable Tahlk.—The following table will assist
the agriculturalist in calculating..!*-, number of plants
or trees whieh may be planted on a given piece of
ground, at any distance apart. It may abo assist
him in the distribution of manure, division of beds,,
&c. An acre of ground contains 53,530 square feet..
An acre Willi contain, at these distances apart:
Feet apart.
1
14
2
2.1
?,
4
5
6
Selfishness ia its own curse—it is a starving- *nce.
j The man who does no good, reaps none.
Plants. 4
Feet Hjiait.
P-nl...
43,560
12
302
19,360
15
193.
10,800
IS
114
6,920
20
108
4,840
21
98
2,722
24
74
1,724
25
69-
1,210
27
6»
597
39
48
435
40
S_
I
' i
)
•
U.
MOlitii., -SA'*S-'
;;;:s.w;k_-u«e i -^ ' }- -*■ sm-_9->_,_-.-___*»_i
M»._'-v -..-..,
'
SA_i „'l'AN_l-*OJ.

The English weekly newspaper, Los Angeles Star includes headings: [p.1]: [col.3] "The Present", "Last year's dead by Benj. F. Taylor", "Growth of cities", [col.4] "The Royal spy", "Freemasons in turkey", [col.5] "Description of the Capitol", The great African Desert", "Exploration of the Nile", "Valuable table"; [p.2]: [col.1] "The old year and the new", [col.2] "The State bonds", "The Lrgislature", "The weather", [col. 3] "A good example -- well followed up", "Racing", "The official vote of this State", [col.4] "Official vote for President in California", [col.5] "California", "Letter of Washington", "Origin of the word tariff", Statute of Gen. Warren", "The President cannot remove without cause Judges of the Supreme and Inferior courts of the United States judiciary"; [p.4]: [col.1] "We thank thee for this shower", "Area and population of Russia", "Curious coincidence", [col.5] Official directory", "The law of newspapers", "Distances".

isiiii
VOL. VI.
Cos %n%tiz8 Star
. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING
At No. 1, Pico Buildings, Spring street, adjoining the II. S. Land Office, Los Angeles
BY H. HAMILTON.'
TERMS:
Subscription, per annum, in advance..$5 00
For Six Months, .'_ 3 00
For Three Months '[''' *2 qq
Single Number , [,;''_' 0 2$
Auver-ISEMbnts inserte at TwoDoIlars per square
of ten lines, for the first insertion ; and One
Doll, r per square for each subsequent insertion.
A liberal deduction made to Yearly Advertisers.
Aoemts.—The following gentlemen are authorised Agents for the Stab :
L. P. Fisher, ................ San Francisco.
Bimxa & Bubbick, Post OlTice San Gabriel.
Whislkk*; Kii*G Monte.
Col. tKAThomson Monte.
r. N.-Slbkh Santa Barbara.
J-jiH-KD. A. Thomas , San Bernardino.
PACIFIC EXPRESS COMPANY,
THI*' undersigned, Agent
of the "PACIFIC EXPRESS '
COMPANY," will despatolilj^every _teSm
_"r.gul_r Express, in charge of a. Special Me*-_e_i";__, to
SANTA BARBARA.
SAN LUIS OBISPO,
MONTEREY.
SAN FRANCISCO., and
All parts of Northern and Southern Mines.
—ALSO—
Oregon, Atla-itic States and KiiropB.
COLNlt'eTII'N7.-' t'l-uk* in nil ,.f Hie (ib'.ve n:i.iii-. pr
JOSEPH A. ROWI"
Carnage m& Ulacksiuitli. Shop.
By JOHN GOLLER.
"' AffGELES STREET,
LOE
TEN-J-'iMT 01* eOMMfJtQIAL.
pspectfnll;
rrutE s«b-
I f.-rmst
1 he -.rill ke:s___ Bxnerson
GIVES NOTICE TO THE RANCHEROS AND
Butchers of this vicinity that he will give the
highest price for Hides, Calf, Sheep, and Goat
Skins, and for Wool.
jgg!- Liberal advances made 011 contracts for
the coming clip of Wool.
_____TT_-_-COJ_____H_..
A general assortment of Red wood and Pine
Lumber, for sale at the Lumber Yard on Alameda
street, near Aliso street.
J. C. EDDY & CCS
IS THE PLACE TO BUY YOUR
CLOTHING, HATS, CAPS,
—AND—
FURmSHING GOODS.
FOH THEY HAVE UNEQUALLED FACILI-
TIESFOR SUPPLYING- EVERY ARTICLE OP
GENTLEMENS'
"Wearing __?Li_>i_»-^reX
—AT—
LOWER PRICES
Than any other Establishment in the State.
CALL AND SEE FOR YOURSELVES,
At their Establishment on the Northwest Cor-
aer of Sansome and Commercial Sts.,
Directly opposite the St, Nicholas Hotel San Fran-
cisco. The place may be known by the stained
.glass windows. dec6 lm
Set.
STATF OF CALIFORNIA,
County of Los Angeles.
■The People ofthe State of California to JOHN
W. HAGUE.
YOU are hereby summoGed to appear before me,
C.O.Cunningham, a Justice of the Peace, of
the Township of El Monte and County of Los Angeles, at my office in Lexington, on the 2d day of
June A. D. 1857, at 10 o'clock A. M. of said day,
to answer the complaint ofE. D. Webb, who seeks
to recover the sum ot thirty nine dollars aud seventy six cents on account.
And on failure to appear and answer, judgment
Will be rendered against you for $39 76-100 and
oobIb thereon.
- Given under roy hand this 2d day of December
A. D. i.5€. C. O. CUNNINGHAM,
•3ec6 Justice of tbe Peace.
JONAS G. CLARK & CO.
128 Wasl.iiigttoii street,
SAN FRAXOI.SCO.
IMPOETEBS,
Wholesale and Eetail Dealers,
In every description of
FURNITURE, BEDDING, &c. &c.
_P XJ __=_. IKTX ■___■ TJ .EL _____
WAREROOMS,
In the Building opposite Washington Market,
(Formerly known as the Clipper Warehouse,)
And id and 51 Fourth street, between J and K
streets, Sacramento.
"We have on exhibition and in great variety,
ROSEWOOD, MAHOGANY, WALNUT, OAK AND
PAINTED
PARLOR AND CHAMBER SETS,
SOFAS,
0TT0MAKS.
LOUNGES,
AND EASY CHAIRS,
Work, Centre, Dining, Extension and Fancy
TABLES.
Mercliants' and Lawyers' Deslts.
BOO-tCASES,
SECI_ETAnIK_,
BUREAUS,
SIDEBOARDS ami
WHAT-NOTS.
Office and Kitchen Furniture,
o _e_c ._a_ x _o. &,
Of all qualities, newest style and most approved
make.
Large and small French Plate lantel and Pier
_MIX-_-1.3_=8.-0-Etfi-.
______!- For the TRADE, we bave a large stock,
on clippers to arriye heavy shipments, and will
receive regular and oomplete INVOICES of goods
adapted to the wants of tiie interior nnd coast.
*_§*■• Particular attention and care !**iven to
TRADE, ORDERS and the FURNISHING of
Hotels and Public Buildings.
^__f- Goods purchased will be sent to Steamers,
Vessels, and all parts of the city without charge.
JONAS G. CLARK & CO.,
No. 128 Washington street,
aug 30 San Francisco
Tlie Present.
Do not crouch to-day, and worship
The old Past, whose life is fled ;
Hush your voice to tender reverence ;
Crown'd he lies, but cold and dead;
For the Present reigns our monarch,
With an added weight of hours j
Honor her, tor she is mighty!
Honor her, for she is ours!.
See the shadows of his heroes,
Girt aroiind her cloudy throne ■
And each day the ranks are strengthened
By great heart, to him unknown ;
Noble things the great Past promised,
Holy dreams, both strange and new ;
But the Present shall fullill them,
What he promised she shall do.
She inherits all his treasures,
She is heir to all his fame,
And the light that lightens round her,
Is the lustre of his name ;
She ia wise with all his wisdom,
■ Living on'his grave she stands ;
On her brow she bears hia laurels,
And her ha_v__t- iti her baud.
Coward, can she reign and conquer,
If we thus her glory dim T
Let us fight for her as nobly
Aa our .'athers did for him.
God, wbo orowns the dying ages,
Bids us rule, and'us obey—
Bids us cast our lives before her,
With our loving hearts to day I
T_ast Year's Dead.—By Benj. F. "Taylor.
Some, like the Morning Star, went out at dawn,
Wheu birds did smfr at Heaven's gate aloud ;
Some, like tbe sun, kept shining bravely on,
Still in the West, beneath a golden cloud,
Tlie dead Day lay in State, and lamps did burn,
In all of Heaven, to welcome their return ;
And Earth' was dewy with the tears she shed,
And bared her bosom for the coming dead,
But still upon the Western threshold ofthe World
They yet shall linger, and our eyes behold,
Till this great azure, tent of time is furled ;
And ages -stand before God's Gates of Gold.
We cannot weep for these. The Sexton makes
Their graves in vain. The green earth idly break-
In voiceless billows, for her Etitiop breast
Shall not unfold them. Let her love tbe flowers.
And woo the leaves December has caressed*
Let her put shrouds on the summer hours
And fold dead birds within the snowy drift,
But these are not for her. Oh I she may lift
The pail, the turf—the might are not there,
Though bell and rite and dirge were rnngandsaid
And sung, no sigh nor sting can make them dead
Whom God did give His wardrobe for their wear!
As vainly dream to bear the star away,
Shining tbe night out, in a drop of dew,
That June has shed upon the rose's crest,
A syllable of Heaven—to some far day,
And think to set that crystal shrine anew,
In starry splendor upon beauty's breast.
Uh ! MasU-r builder ofthe solemn tomb.
Oh ! Mighty Weaver of the shrouds of gloom,
These are not thine, pb! Time, for they shall be,
When not a withered leaf remains of thee !
And those who went at morning. like the bird,
That meet the dawn a moment out of Heaven—
For whom a window opened, and we heard
The songs of seraphs and of souls forgiven—■
We cannot weep ior them, who ever keep,
So close to Paradise, their very sleep
Is white with wings and beautiful with dreams ;
The Foundlings ot the world, see where we lie,
On Heaven's threshold, above its streams,
A ray of glory. Do you deem they die,
When, gates ajar, they creep confiding in,
Truants irom thee, ol) ! Time, from tears and sin ?
Oh ! wondrous journey they have finished there—
From cradle mimming unto an angel choir!
Growth of Cities.
London is now the greatest concentration of
human power the world has ever known. Will
its supremacy be permanent, or will it, like its
predecessors, be eclipsed by western rivals 1 New
Yorkers do not doubt, and indeed have no reason
to doubt, that their city, now numbering little
more than one-third of the population of London,
will within tiie next fifty years, be greater than
the m.tropolis ofthe British empire.
New York, with her immediate dependencies,
numbers about 900 000. Since 1790 she. has established a law of growth which doubles her population once in fifteen years. If this law continues
to operate, she may be expected to possess in
1881,1,800,000 ; 3.600,000 in 1886, aud 7,200,000
in 1901. If twenty years be allowed New York
as her future period of duplication, she would
overtake London by the end of fifty years. London may then have five millions ; New York will
almost certainly have more than that number.
Will the star of empire become stationary at
New York? The ititerior plain ofNorth America
has within itself more means to sustain a dense
population in civilized comfort than any other
region ofthe world. The star of empire cannot
be arrested in its western course uutil it reaches
this plain. Its most promising city at present is
Chicago. Tbe law of its growth since 1840 seems
to be a duplication within four years. In 1810 it
numbered 4379. In June of this year it will contain 88.000. At the same rate of increase carried
forward, it would overt-lie New York within
twenty years. If six years be allowed for each
future duplication, Chicago would overtake New
York in thirty-three years. If the growth of Chicago should iu future be measured by a duplication of every seven years, it would contain 5,622,-
000 in forty-two years.
In 1901, forty-five years from this time, the central plain, including the Canadas, will coutain
about eighty millions of people. Its chief city
may be expected to contain about one-tenth of
this population. Before tbe end of this century,
the towns and cities of the central plain will contain, within their suburbs, not less thau half their
entire population—that is to say forty millions.
How these millions shall be apportioned among
the cities of that day, is a subject for curious
speculation.
■ — *»n^l ' % * -W
Cuuiou. I*\tve.\"f[o>~.—A very curious invention
has been madeMn England, Its object is the manufacture ot picture frames, and other articles
of like description out of bricks; and, singularly
enough, such an object as this has been and can
be successfully accomplished. It is done, as we
understand, by reducing pieces of old brick to
powder, mixing this powder with some portion of
the tar or refuse of the gas works, and then compressing tbe mixture iuto suitable moulds. The
result is said to be a solid, durable and beautiful
article, of almost any given pattern.
The Royal Spy.
Of all the mysteries that occurred in the American Revolution, tho employment of Riviugton,
editor of the Royal Gazette, iu the secret service
of the American commander, is the most astonishing.
The time that this remarkable connection took
place is of course unknown. There ia much probability that it may have commenced at the closing ot the campaign of 1776, as it is known that
about that time Robert Morris borrowed of a
Qu&ker, five hundred guineas iu gold for the secret service of Washington's arms, and that intelligence of vital and vast importance was obtained from the disbursement «f the Quaker's
loan.
The worthy Quaker said to Morris :—" How can
I, friend Robert, wbo am a man of peace, lend thee
money for the purpose of war? Friend George,
is, I believe, a good man, and fighting in a good
cause ; but I am opposed to fighting of any sort.'
Morris, however, soon managed to quiet old
Broadbrim's scruples j the gold was dug up from
his garden, and handed over to the Commander-
in-Chief whose application of it to the secret service produced the happiest effdets upon the cause
of the Revolution in the critical period of our
destiny.
Rivington proved faithful to his bargain, and
often would intelligence of great importance,
gleaned at convivial moments at Sir William's or
Sir Harry's table, be in the American camp, before
the convivialists had slept eft' the effects of their
wine.
The business of the secret service was so well
managed that oven a supicion never arose as to
the medium through which intelligence of vast
importance was continually being received iu the
American camp, from the very head quarters oi
the British army ; and, had suspicion arose, the
King's printer would probably have been the last
man suspected, for during the whole of his connection with the secret services his Royal Gazette
literally piled abuses of every sort upou the American General and the cause of America.
In 1783 this remarkable mystery was solved.—
When Washington entered New York a conqueror,
by the evacuation ot the British he- s_id one
morning to two of his officers :
" Suppose, gentlemen, we walk down to Riving-
ton's book store ; he is said to be a very pleasant
kind of fellow.
Amazed as the officers were at the idea of visiting such a man, they of course prepared to accompany the Chief. When arrived at the book store,
Rivington received his visitors with great politeness ; for he was indeed one of the most elegant
gentlemen and best bred men of the age. Escort'
ing the party into a parlor, he begged the officers
to be seated, and then said to the Chief ;
" Will your Excellency do me the honor to step
into the adjoining room for a moment, that I may
show you the list of the agricultural works I am
about to order out from London for your special
use V
The locks on the doors of tbe houses in New York
city, more than three score years ago were not so
good as now. The door of Riviiigton's private
room closed very imperfectly and soon became ajar,
when the officers distinctly beard the chinking of
two heavy purses of gold as they were successively
put upon a table.
The party soon returned frond the inner room,
when Rivington pressed upon his guests a glass of
Maderia which he assured them was a prime article,
having imported it himself.
The visitors now rose to depart. Rivington, on
taking leave of the Chief, whom he escorted to the
door, sai:
" Your Excellency may rely upon my especial attention being given to the agricultural works, which,
on their arrival, will be immediately forwarded to
Mount Vernon, where I trust they will contribute to
your gratification amid the shades of domestic retirement."
Rivington remained for several years after the
peace of 17S-3, then returned to England, and there
died. He was never called to account by his government for the affair of the secret service. It was
the general opinion at that time if Rivington had
been closely pressed on the delicate service, characters of greater caliber might have appeared on tbe
tapis than the King's Printer.
Fr-cmusofi- In Turkey.
A correspondent of the London Daily News,
writing from Belgrade, says:
More thau a year ago I communicated to you
the fact of the existeuce of Mahomedan Freemasons in European Turkey, whose tendency, signs,
and other modes of recognition are iden tical with
those ofthe masons in other countries of Europe.
These Bektaschi Dervishes—as they are called in
Turkish—were, however, always looked upon by
the Porte as anon recognized religious sect, and
property belonging to the order was therefore
confiscated, in con-Sequence ol wbich they have
eoutiuuedever since to act witb great caution, aud
hold their lodges in secret.
Amongst the nine lodges of the order, there
happen to be several members of high rank and
now enjoying great influence at Constantinople
The Graud Master ofthe Order in European Turkey is Tzani Zscholak Mahommed Saede, who re-
tides at Belgrade, and is at the same time master
ofthe lodge of Allkotsch. in this city. In consequence of ttie new order of things in Turkey, and
especially in virtue ofthe lately published Hatti-
Humuiayoum, which acknowledges the legal existence of all religious creeds and sexes, and guarantees the full exercise of their several forms of
worship, the above named Grand Master left this
place yesterday ior Constantinople, to endeavor
to obtain for the former persecuted Bektaschi
Dervishes the formal recognition ofthe Turkish
government, and if he succeeds he will apply for
restitution of the property formerly belonging to
the order and confiscated. The religion of the
Bektaschi is decidedly tbe most enlightened and
liberal lorra of MaLomedanism, witb the greatest
approach to civilization and improvement.
Description ot the Capitol.
This work being now fairly under way, we proceed to lay before tbe public the following description of its character and dimeusions. The
edifice is to be located on the square bounded by
I and J, Ninth aud Tenth streets, being in the upper part of the city, and on the most elevated
ground within its limits. The form of the building will be that of a Greek cross, with portico*-
at each of the four ends, surmounted by a dome
In the centre. The leugth, one way, exclusive .f
tbe porticos, will be 212 feet; the other 131 feet.
The width of each arm will be 6*1- feet G inchei.—
It will consist of two stories, betides the basement. The top of the cornice will be 70 feet
from the ground ; the top or the dome, 131 feet.
The basement is to be 8 feet high; the first, or
main story, wil] be 20 feet 11 Inches; and the second, 20 feet 8 inches. The Senate Chamber aud
hall of Assembly, the two principal apartments,
will be -:f_ feet 6 inches in bight. The edifice together witb the shafts of columns, pilasters, cornices, &c. are to be of brick. The basement, with
the steps to the porticos, and the different entrances will be granite. Tho floors of the rotunda
porticos and basement halls will be marble tiles
Tbe caps and bases of the columns, pilasters, cornices, window sills, water conductors, ventilators,
railings, &c, are to be made of cast iron. The
floors of the halls and rotunda in the basement,
and also over tbe cellars, are to be supported by
wrought iron beams. There is to be a gallery
around the rotunda; also, one in the Supremo
Court Rooni, the Senate Chamber and tho Hall of
Assembly. The edifice will be supplied witb 42
windows in the basement, 50 in the principle story, 54 in the second, and 16 in the rotunda. There
is to be one skylight oyer the back stairs, and two
in the top of the dome. The roof, gutters, dome,
_-C, are to be covered with heavy tin. The ceilings throughout are to be plastered ; and the architraves, cornices, jambs, &c, are to be run with.
cement or stucco. Enriched panels and mouldings will appear in various parts of the building,
while the principle offices aud chambers will be
embellished with ornamented centre pieces. The
outside of tbe edifice is to be plastered with cement mortar. Thedoorsaud window sashes are to
be grained in imitation of oak, and all the exterior wood and iron work, including the roof and
gutters, are to be painted and _anded.-5_-c.-4gf..
The Great African D-sbht.—Few men have*
a correct standard by which to measure the vast
extent of the African Desert. It stretches westward down to the green waters of the Atlantic. It
yieldsnot to the gigantic floods that the great
ocean ceaselessly rolls against the continent. Far
into the high sea, the Sahara extends below the-
restless waves, so tbat the depth of water is but
trifiing for miles, and ships cannot approach the
inhospitable shores. Fearful sand baDks announce
to tbe weary mariner that he is near the land of
mysterious Africa, and warn him to seek more
ndly harbors. Eastward, the dread wastespread.
its white shroud over the whole northern part of
the continent, until at last it is lifted on high by
the pyramids of Egypt and torn by the mighty
floods of the Nile. In vain, year after year, does
t roll its colossal, dry waves over lhe Sphynx and
Temple; in vain does it send its tempest-tossed
clouds even across the fertile valley. The great-
god of the Nile, whom the Egyptians worshipped,.
and before whom the ignorant Arab still kneels
n blind awe, interposes bis power, and from the
sacred mountains beyond, a higher voice is heard :
So far shalt thou go, aud no farther !"
The length ofthe Sahara is thus nearly sis
hundred acd eighty geographical miles, but its
breadth differs, especially towards the Red Sea ;
"". it covers, with its dread and dismal terrors,
a space much larger than two-thirds of all Eu- .
rope.
Exploration o.- tub Nile.^-TIio new expedition to the head waters ofthe Nile, under the
command of the French Count d'E.cayrac de Lau-
ture, and under fhe protection and auspices of
Siad Pasha, promises to exceed all similar projects hitherto set on foot. At Vienna twelve officers of the Austrian general staff expressed their
willingness to join the expedition, from which
number, three were selected, who, together with
the mineralogist, Mayer, recently in the Dutch
Government in Borneo, made up the complement
of Germans iu the expedition. The whole force
will comprise twelve Europeans, besides the leader, and 300 soldiers furnished by the Egyptian.
Government. Among these latter, who are pria-
cipally natives from the interior of Africa, there
are supposed to be a sufficiency of interpreters..
For the navigation of the Nile tho expedition has
thirty barks and two small steamers, with a crew
of one hundred men, besides tho necessary men
aud meaus to continue tb. journey by land beyond the head of navigation. Never before wa_ a-
scientific expedition fitted out in like manner.
The expedition will leave Europe on the 10th;
ofSeptetnber, Count d'Escayrac, with the Germans, embarking at Triste, and the French expeditionists at Marseilles. The entire party will
meet at Alexandria and expect to reach Ohartoum
by December, where tbey wiil remain some time
to complete the organization.—N. Y. Evening
Post. .
Valuable Tahlk.—The following table will assist
the agriculturalist in calculating..!*-, number of plants
or trees whieh may be planted on a given piece of
ground, at any distance apart. It may abo assist
him in the distribution of manure, division of beds,,
&c. An acre of ground contains 53,530 square feet..
An acre Willi contain, at these distances apart:
Feet apart.
1
14
2
2.1
?,
4
5
6
Selfishness ia its own curse—it is a starving- *nce.
j The man who does no good, reaps none.
Plants. 4
Feet Hjiait.
P-nl...
43,560
12
302
19,360
15
193.
10,800
IS
114
6,920
20
108
4,840
21
98
2,722
24
74
1,724
25
69-
1,210
27
6»
597
39
48
435
40
S_
I
' i
)
•
U.
MOlitii., -SA'*S-'
;;;:s.w;k_-u«e i -^ ' }- -*■ sm-_9->_,_-.-___*»_i
M»._'-v -..-..,
'
SA_i „'l'AN_l-*OJ.