Tip # 1. Always cut stems at a sharp angle. This increases the surface area of the stem and allows water to be better absorbed through the stem.

Tip # 2. Stems cut at an angle will not rest flush against the bottom of the container; thus they allow the water to penetrate the stem.

Tip # 3. After the end of the stem is cut, place it directly into the water. It only takes a minute for the stem to begin to dry and seal up.

Tip # 4. Thick stems and thin branches should be cut at an angle, and then cut up the center for better water absorption through the fibrous stems.

Tip # 5. Thick stems and thin branches should be cut at an angle, and then cut up the center for better water absorption through the fibrous stems.

Tip # 6. Remove the extra bark around the shat­tered part of the stem to prevent contami­nating the water. This will prolong the vase life of the flowers.

Tip # 7. Pull or trim all leaves and thorns that will be below the water level in the container. Allowing such materials to decompose in water will allow harmful bacteria to shorten the life of the flowers.

Tip # 8. Scrape all of the small debris on the stem such as small thorns, branching stems, etc. with a sharp, curved knife to thoroughly clean the stem before it is placed in the water.

Tip # 9. Clean stems should be placed in the deepest water possible to promote vase life. Water can be absorbed from the out­side part of the stem as well as the base, A nick or crack in the stem left exposed above the water level can create an air pocket and block water flow to the flower. The deeper the water, the less likely this is to occur.

Tip # 10. In conditioning flowers, the water temperature should be comfortably warm. Submerge your hand to test the water. Cold water is not as readily absorbed by the flower. Hot water will penetrate the stem, but will almost shock the flower.