Delirium

Definition

Delirium is sudden severe confusion due to rapid changes in brain function that occur with physical or mental illness.

Alternative Names

Acute confusional state; Acute brain syndrome

Causes

Delirium is most often caused by physical or mental illness, and is usually temporary and reversible. Many disorders cause delirium. Often, the conditions are ones that do not allow the brain to get oxygen or other substances.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to control or reverse the cause of the symptoms. Treatment depends on the condition causing delirium. The person may need to stay in the hospital for a short time.

Stopping or changing medications that worsen confusion, or that are not necessary, may improve mental function. After asking about your medical history, your doctor will discuss medicines and substances that can worsen confusion, such as alcohol.

Disorders that contribute to confusion should be treated. These may include:

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Prevention

Treating the conditions that cause delirium can reduce its risk. In hospitalized patients, avoiding sedatives, prompt treatment of metabolic disorders and infections, and using reality orientation programs will reduce the risk of delirium in those at high risk.

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