SCP-001 is a planet in the outer reaches of the Andromeda Galaxy, around which orbits a massive eyeball half the size of the moon. This eyeball communicates telepathically and refers to itself as Perfection. It claims it is the pinnacle of the universe itself, and that all the forces of the cosmos conspired to create it.
Perfection, apparently, has been whispering in the ears of everyone developed enough to listen across the whole universe for as long as sentient life has existed. It seeks to absorb all of the universe into itself, so that all becomes Perfection. But to do that, it needs enough mass to absorb planets, stars, and eventually galaxies.
For some reason, everyone on the planet Perfection orbits is immune to its effects. All except a small cult that worships it, claiming it's God. Perfection has set itself up on the planet and is attempting to take it over like all the rest.
The meat of SCP-001 is the story of a Foundation team of researchers, in particular Researcher Jacobsen, who have been sent to the planet to investigate. Everyone feels Perfection's pull when they get closer, but when they land, they find they are immune. But the cult is there, and it tries to seduce them into it, revealing their true plan.
Their plan is to send a huge rocket ship into Perfection, giving it just enough boost to absorb the planet's asteroid moon. This, in turn, will allow it to consume the planet, then everything else. The ship that took the team to the planet has certain anomalous components, perfect for their plan.
One by one the cult indoctrinates the researchers. Eventually, the only one left is Jacobsen, who holds the only codes to access the ship's anomalous components. The cult pressures him, tries to convince him, and after a night of staring up at Perfection's gaze, and considering the life he led before he came to this godforsaken planet, he edits the 001 article he was making one last time, then transmits the update to HQ.
The last update reads simply "SCP-001 is Perfection."

So first off, this feels very much like a tale. It does not feel very much like a skip. There are, of course, exceptions to this: SCP-093 comes to mind, in that it's a simple object that has a lot built into the field logs, discoverable crosslinks, and whatnot.

The next issue you're going to run into is that there's already an eyeball planet skip. While this isn't necessarily a breaking issue for you, it raises the stakes (and they're already high as an 001 candidate) – if your execution isn't perfect, the derivative bits are all anyone will be talking about. On the other hand… it's not like the eyeball-ness of the planet really seems to matter. You could get rid of the eyeball and lose nothing.

Now, on to your concept.

It isn't necessarily the most unique idea. The "intergalactic entity bends sentient races to its will and absorbs them" trope has been a lot, from comics to sci-fi television to literature; it's an interesting idea, to be sure, but what you should be focusing on is what makes your version stand out.

There are a couple notes you hit in the writeup which I'd like you to make sure you work out before you get too far writing this.

It claims it is the pinnacle of the universe itself, and that all the forces of the cosmos conspired to create it.

I'm not sure how to interpret this. It thinks it's, I guess, the apex of evolution?

It seeks to absorb all of the universe into itself, so that all becomes Perfection. But to do that, it needs enough mass to absorb planets, stars, and eventually galaxies.

The resemblance to Katamari Damacy doesn't really help this idea sound scary. Worse, it sounds science-y enough that it makes scientific principles relevant: there are a lot of really solid physics reasons why absorbing the entire universe can't be done, the most easily explained of which being that the anomaly can never hope to swallow anything beyond the observable universe unless it can teleport, or something. And the more rules you let it break, the more you have to explain why it hasn't already won.

It also isn't clear to me how mentally dominating sentient creatures helps it absorb stellar bodies. Really, these ideas seem in conflict: where are these sentient beings that it dominates going, if it's just rolling around eating planets? Surely not on the surface. Or does it leave planets that it's dominated the citizens of alone?

For some reason, everyone on the planet Perfection orbits is immune to its effects. All except a small cult that worships it, claiming it's God.

Presumably, at some point the story will ruminate on (maybe not necessarily explaining) the reason behind this immunity. I don't really like this setup as stated - if everyone on the planet is immune but there's a group of people who have been dominated just like everywhere else, it doesn't really feel like there's immunity at all. This is perhaps of down to how you explain it: if you don't phrase it as "immunity" but reference, say, the "eye of the storm", people will understand intuitively that if you are safe there, it might not be permanent safety.

Their plan is to send a huge rocket ship into Perfection, giving it just enough boost to absorb the planet's asteroid moon. This, in turn, will allow it to consume the planet, then everything else.

I'm reading this to mean that in some way, that asteroid moon is keeping Perfection's powers in check. Thematically that seems OK, but this is (again) problematic due to that old enemy, Science.

Spaceships are tiny, and the amount of energy they exert in order to move is miniscule compared to the amount of energy needed to alter the trajectory of even a small moon. I understand that these "anomalous components" are the justification for why this works, but you need to know specifically what effect is being used to make this work. Any drive powerful enough to alter an orbit is going to atomize the spaceship; you're going to need to figure out a really good reason this works, in order to avoid this coming across as a magic plot device.

Eventually, the only one left is Jacobsen, who holds the only codes to access the ship's anomalous components.

Why can't these cultists, who presumably outnumbered the scientists before they converted all but one of them, just angle grinder their way through the hull and take the components? This feels like a very magical spaceship, and that's not a good thing.

Okay… hmm.
It doesn't believe it's the pinnacle of evolution, it believes it's the pinnacle of the universe itself. That time and space only exist to bring it to existence.
And did I say spaceship? I meant "the drifting corpse of a creature the size of an island that they've been strapping rockets to the bottom of for millenia now." The ship will give Perfection enough size to eat the moon, which in turn will allow it to eat the planet.
Sentient races across the universe have been feeding their spaceships to Perfection. Along with space stations, asteroids, and artificial moons.
The reason they couldn't steal the components is because it had a magical shield around it preventing the thing from being destroyed by faster than light travel.

EDIT- Just to make it clear, Perfection is a spaceship eater. People send their spaceships to it to get eaten. This particular one is so massive (probably around the size of the Big Island of Hawai'i and has been worked on for millenia) that it'll give Perfection enough size to eat the asteroid, which is just out of its orbital reach.

I'm trying to find a way to better contextualize it because "the pinnacle of the universe" isn't a metaphor that really tracks, in much the same way that "the pinnacle of the ocean" doesn't make sense. Maybe look at this some more.

And did I say spaceship? I meant "the drifting corpse of a creature the size of an island that they've been strapping rockets to the bottom of for millenia now." The ship will give Perfection enough size to eat the moon, which in turn will allow it to eat the planet.

Okay. This doesn't really help because if it's large enough to substantially change the mass of a planetoid, a dinky spaceship shouldn't be able to move it. If you handwave it away by saying "there's an anomalous thing on the Foundation ship that makes it work" you have a magic plot device driving the story forward, which won't work for a lot of people.

Sentient races across the universe have been feeding their spaceships to Perfection. Along with space stations, asteroids, and artificial moons.

Like, just straight up building new spaceships for the express purpose of sending them there, or kamikazeing them, or what? I'm struggling to find an interpretation that doesn't come across goofy.

The reason they couldn't steal the components is because it had a magical shield around it preventing the thing from being destroyed by faster than light travel.

Does this seem like it will be a satisfying story element?

This particular one is so massive (probably around the size of the Big Island of Hawai'i and has been worked on for millenia) that it'll give Perfection enough size to eat the asteroid, which is just out of its orbital reach.

This doesn't help because you aren't explaining in terms of orbital mechanics. What is "orbital reach"? How does size pertain to orbits? In what way is the Big Island of Hawai'i a consequential mass on the scale of a planetoid's orbit?

The immediate problem here is what I touched on before: the more science is involved in the plot, the better that science needs to be. It's totally reasonable to write a plot involving orbital physics, but if you don't understand orbital physics at even a superficial level you are going to have a lot of trouble writing this story convincingly.