250. Logic

the process of reasoning from effect to cause, based upon observation.

apriorism

1.
the method of
a priori
reasoning, i.e., deductive reasoning, from cause to effect or from the
general to the particular.

2.
an
a priori
principle.

Barbara

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the first figure,
in which there are two universal affirmative premises and a universal
affirmative conclusion.

Barmalip, Bramantip

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the fourth
figure, in which there are two universal affirmative premises and a
particular affirmative conclusion.

Baroco

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the second
figure, in which there is one universal affirmative and one particular
negative premise and a particular negative conclusion.

Bocardo

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the third figure,
in which there is one particular negative and one universal affirmative
premise and a particular negative conclusion.

Camestres

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the second
figure, in which there is one universal affirmative and one universal
negative premise and a universal negative conclusion.

Celarent

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the first figure,
in which there is one universal negative and one universal affirmative
premise and a universal negative conclusion.

Cesare

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the second
figure, in which there is one universal negative and one universal
affirmative premise and a universal negative conclusion.

Darapti

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the third figure,
in which there are two universal affirmative premises and a particular
affirmative conclusion.

Darii

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the first figure,
in which there is one universal affirmative and one particular
affirmative premise and a particular affirmative conclusion.

Datisi

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the third figure,
in which there is one universal affirmative and one particular
affirmative premise and a particular affirmative conclusion.

definiendum

1.
an expression that has to be defined in terms of a previously defined
expression.

2.
anything that has to be defined. —
definienda
,
n., pl
.

Dimaris

Dimatis.

Dimatis

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the fourth
figure, in which there is one universal affirmative and one affirmative
premise and a particular affirmative conclusion. Also called
Dimaris
.

Disamis

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the third figure,
in which there is one particular affirmative and one universal
affirmative premise and a particular affirmative conclusion.

elenchus

a syllogistic argument that refutes a proposition by proving the direct
opposite of its conclusion. —
elenchic, elenctic
,
adj
.

epicheirema

a syllogism in which the truth of one of the premises is confirmed by an
annexed proposition
(prosyllogism)
, thus resulting in the formation of a compound argument. See also
prosyllogism
.

equipollence, equipollency

equality between two or more propositions, as when two propositions have
the same meaning but are expressed differently. See also
4. AGREEMENT
.

Felapton

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the third figure,
in which there is one universal negative and one universal affirmative
premise and a particular negative conclusion.

Ferio

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the first figure,
in which there is one universal negative and one particular affirmative
premise and a particular negative conclusion.

Feriso

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the third figure,
in which there is one universal negative and one particular affirmative
premise and a particular negative conclusion. Also
Ferison
.

Ferison

Feriso.

Fesapo

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the fourth
figure, in which there is one universal negative and one universal
affirmative premise and a particular negative conclusion.

Festino

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the second
figure, in which there is one universal negative and one particular
affirmative premise and a particular negative conclusion.

Fresison

a mnemonic word to represent a syllogistic argument in the fourth
figure, in which there is one universal negative and one particular
affirmative premise and a particular negative conclusion.

a multiple dilemma or one with many equally unacceptable alternatives; a
difficult predicament.

prosyllogism

a syllogism connected with another in such a way that the conclusion of
the first is the premise of the one following.

schematism

the form or character of a syllogism.

sorites

an elliptical series of syllogism, in which the premises are so arranged
that the predicate of the first is the subject of the next, continuing
thus until the subject of the first is united with the predicate of the
last. —
soritical, soritic
,
adj
.

syllogism

a form of reasoning in which two propositions or premises are stated and
a logical conclusion is drawn from them. Each premise has the
subject-predicate form, and each shares a common element called the
middle term
.

syntheticism

the principles or practice of synthesis or synthetic methods or
techniques, i.e., the process of deductive reasoning, as from cause to
effect, from the simple elements to the complex whole, etc.

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