In the Sergipe maroon community under analysis, three cases of individuals with sickle-cell trait were reported (Table 1).

In Generation III, the sickle-cell trait gene was probably transmitted by the male individual, father of P3 and P4, who is not a permanent resident in the maroon community under study anymore, having divorced the spouse (Figure 1) and began a new marital relationship.

The test to determine whether a person is G-6-PD deficient, like the sickle-cell trait test, has racial and ethnic repercussions because G-6-PD deficiency occurs in approximately 12 percent of black males and in 12 percent of persons of Mediterranean origin.

Disparate treatment is present when a screening procedure is used to treat people of protected groups differently; for example, if a company screens for sickle-cell trait in blacks only.

Those with an abnormal gene from only one parent, however, have sickle-cell trait, ordinarily considered an innocuous disorder.

The authors suggest that although civilian life is "seldom as stressful as basic military training,' studies should be done on sickle-cell trait among others involved in strenuous exercise, such as athletes and heavy laborers.

Of the three traits, HbS in the heterozygous form, sickle-cell trait (HbAS), has been studied most.

In a study conducted in Gabonese children with asymptomatic malaria (73), there was a significantly lower prevalence of infection in children with sickle-cell trait compared to their normal-haemoglobin counterparts.

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