Swollen liver, also known as enlarged liver or heptomegaly, is a symptom of liver
disease in which the liver swells to a size larger than normal. This can be a symptom
of several different disorders of the liver. It is always a sign that something of
real concern is taking place, since liver diseases often occur (especially in their
early stages) without any symptoms at all. When symptoms, including swollen liver,
show up, it's a sign that whatever is going wrong needs to be taken quite seriously.

A swollen liver can often be seen externally, showing itself as a swelling in the
upper torso (where the liver is located in the body). It is sometimes accompanied
by pain in the same region, and by other symptoms of liver disorders, including body
pains generally, nausea, vomiting, and loss of apetite. Even when no external swelling
or other symptoms show up, swollen liver can be identified using medical imaging
methods, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Causes

Many different liver diseases can produce swollen liver as a symptom. These include
fatty liver disease (a disorder characterized by the presence of fatty globules in
the liver) and liver fibrosis, up to and including extremely serious diseases such
as cirrhosis of the liver, infectious hepatitis, or liver cancer.

Any disease causing a significant amount of liver impairment can result in a swollen
liver -- although this is not a certainty. Whatever is causing the swollen liver
is the same as what's causing the underlying disease. That may include alcohol abuse
(one of the most common causes of liver disease), obesity, viral infections, side
effects of certain medications, or hereditary conditions. Continued below..

Children

Although liver disease in general and swollen liver in particular are more common
among adults, the conditions can sometimes occur in children as well, for many different
reasons, not all of them the same as for adults. One cause of swollen liver occurs
only among children in the first year of life: Alagille's syndrome, which is a deterioration
of the bile ducts (these are the ducts conducting bile from the liver to the gall
bladder).

Two other child-specific causes are glactosemia (inability to digest milk sugars,
a hereditary condition); and Reye's syndrome, a potentially-fatal liver disorder
that arises with the use of aspirin to treat childhood diseases involving fever.
Many of the same causes as occur in adults also afflcit children, although alcohol
abuse is rarely a problem.

Treatment

There is no treatment for swollen liver per se. Instead, the underlying cause of
the liver disorder must be identified and treatment tailored to that. An exact diagnosis
must come first, together with determination of how far the disease has progressed;
lifestyle factors need to be examined as well to identify potential causes in diet,
exercise, body weight, alcohol consumption, viral infection, and anything else that
could cause liver damage.

Treatment of the condition causing the swollen liver is also treatment of the symptom
itself. This can involve lifestyle changes, weight loss, treatment of any infections
that are present, appropriate treatment for cancer -- there is really no way to say
what the appropriate course of treatment should be without properly identifying the
cause of the condition. If liver function has been compromised sufficiently that
natural recovery is not possible, a liver transplant may be necessary.

What is certain is that if a liver disorder has progressed to the point where symptoms
such as swollen liver are present, not treating it isn't an option. The liver has
remarkable ability to repair itself, but it's absolutely necessary that some treatment,
whether a simple lifestyle change or something more aggressive, be undertaken when
the damage is sufficient to produce symptoms.