A MADMAN'S SHOTS shattered the peace in the U.S. Capitol last week, killing two police
officers, injuring a young woman and depriving the nation of its already tenuous sense
of security.

Washington, D.C., is America's

The shooter: Russell Weston, Jr.

most fortress-like city. Both the White House and
Capitol sit like medieval castles surrounded by artificial moats of cement and metal.
Virtually every government building and many private buildings feature metal detectors,
surveillance cameras and armed guards posted at their entrances.

But for all the guards and steel and concrete, no building in the city is immune from
what happened last Friday. So long as one maniac is willing to risk his own life to try to
kill others, no one is completely safe.

Sure, we could make the slow process of entering government buildings still more
onerous by making everyone pass through bullet-proof holding pens while their
belongings were checked. The Israeli Embassy employs such a system. Every guest
passes individually through a plexiglass enclosure while the person and his things are
searched. But the Israeli Embassy is not a public building -- the Capitol, where
thousands of visitors and workers enter each day, is.

Unless we are willing to deny ordinary citizens access to our most important
government buildings, no security system similar to the Israelis would work in most
federal buildings. Yet this latest tragedy no doubt will spawn new security measures
aimed at preventing the same thing from ever happening again.

But with every attempt to make life more secure, we give up a little more of our
freedom to come and go as normal human beings. When I came to Washington 25
years ago, it was possible to enter most public buildings freely. There were no metal
detectors, few guards to rummage through purses, no x-ray machines to photograph
briefcases.

When I first started working on Capitol Hill in 1972, I could enter the Rayburn Building
through a back door in the underground garage and wend my way unimpeded through
the warren of underground corridors that connected both the House and Senate
buildings to the Capitol itself. Today, only a few doors to the outside remain open to Hill
staff, and even fewer remain open to the public.

Most of the security measures in place around Washington were designed to stop
terrorism. The barricades that block off Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the White
House are supposed to foil a car bomber, as are similar barricades around the Capitol
grounds. But it is exceedingly difficult to stop a lone man armed with a small weapon
from penetrating at least the perimeter of any building.

We may never know what motivated Russell Weston Jr., the accused gunman, to
rampage through the halls of Congress wreaking death and destruction. There have
always been such men and women, although in recent years we have had fewer ways
to protect ourselves from their rage. We no longer routinely confine such people to
mental institutions. We protect the civil liberties of homicidal maniacs at the expense of
our own, allowing violent psychotics to wander our streets while we erect metal
detectors and steel barricades outside our public buildings.

Yet it is difficult to imagine any extra physical barriers that could have prevented last
Friday's attack. From all accounts, Capitol security worked as it was supposed to. The
gunman walked through the metal detector setting off the alarm but fired his weapon
into the back of Capitol Hill police officer Jacob Chestnut's head before anyone could
prevent Weston from his murderous plan. He managed to kill another officer, John
Gibson, who confronted him in Majority Whip Tom DeLay's office before he was felled
by bullets from Gibson's and other policemen's guns.

As horrible as the attack was, only one civilian was injured, and she has already been
released from the hospital. Because of the quick action and incredible courage of the
Capitol Hill police, what could have been a mass murder was averted.

Chestnut and Gibson gave their lives so that others might live. In the end, only
providence and the bravery of good men like officers Chestnut and Gibson can protect
us from a lunatic's
wrath.

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