Hiatal Hernia

Definition

A hiatal hernia is a movement of part of the stomach up into the chest cavity. The stomach presses up through a small hole in the diaphragm muscle. The diaphragm is the muscular wall that separates the abdominal cavity from the chest cavity.

Different types of hiatal hernias include:

Sliding hiatal hernia—Part of the stomach slides into and out of the chest cavity. This is the most common type.

Fixed hiatal hernia—Upper part of the stomach remains in the chest cavity.

Complicated hiatal hernia—Several other types of stomach herniation may be seen. These are uncommon, but more serious and may require surgery.

Causes

The exact cause of hiatal hernias is not clear. Some people are born with a hiatal hernia but others will develop it later in life.

The diaphragm has an opening that the esophagus can pass through. A weakening or injury to this opening can allow a hiatal hernia to develop. Increased pressure in the abdomen can also push the stomach up into the chest cavity.

Risk Factors

Hiatal hernias are more common in adults over 50 years of age. Other factors that increase your chance of getting hiatal hernia include:

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Because they often have no symptoms, hiatal hernias are sometimes only detected during a visit to the doctor for other reasons.

Prevention

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.