Wednesday, November 20, 2013

Rapid Chess Improvement: Evaluation of Positions

What
exactly to do in order to improve my chess? It is a common question I
hear from different players all around, including my page on Facebook
and Twitter.
I already gave an outline how to get better at chess, you may want to review it before reading further.
In
this article, I will suggest the list of things you need to take care
of in order to quickly and effectively improve your game and gain elo
points.

I believe that very important aspect of the rapid chess
improvement is properly organized training process. It can be divided
into the following categories:

Evaluation of Position

Opening Repertoire

Tactical Vision

Calculation Technique

Strategy

Endgame

These are very broad categories; many books have been published on
each and every category from this list. You may ask why the Middle game
is not present here? Actually it is, Middle game is represented in form
of evaluation of position, strategy and calculation. But, these elements
can also be applied to other stages of the game as well. If you want to
learn to play chess better you will need to master all these aspects of
play.
I will discuss Evaluation of Position in detail today, and save other categories for later time.Evaluation of Position
What is evaluation of position? Basically it is a technique or an
algorithm that let a chess player know what side is better in particular
position on the board. It is a very important component of the game of
chess. Based on that evaluation, chess player is making decisions for
his next move or sequence of moves. It is well known fact that if you having a positional advantage you must attack, else you’re risking losing it.
Needless to say, mistakes in evaluation of position can turn out to be
deadly. Here is a quick example: if a player thinks that he will win
that endgame after the rook exchange, but his evaluation of position
isn’t correct, he will lose the endgame by exchanging the rooks.
Why computers can play chess so well? They have precise algorithm of
how the position changes with one or another move. Why GMs always beat
amateurs? Because they can evaluate positions extremely well. Lesson?
In order to play good chess you need to learn to evaluate chess positions precisely.
Very common guideline for evaluating all chess positions consists of 4 categories:

King’s safety

Material on the board

Pieces activity

Pawn structure

We can assign for each of these categories the numeric value similar
way that it is assigned in chess programs such as Fritz and Chessmaster.King Safety – the difference of positions of the Kings. If one
King is relatively safe in respect to the other one he gets a value
from +1 to +2 points. We don’t take into account positions where a
forced mate exists.Material on the board - standard numeric values for the pawns
and pieces can be used here. So, Pawn = 1 point, Bishop = 3 point,
Knight = 3 points, Rook = 5 points, Queen = 9 points, King is assigned
to 3.5 points in the endgame.Pieces Activity - defined as the difference of activity
between your piece and similar piece in the opponent’s camp (example
Knight vs. Knight, Rook vs. Rook and Queen vs. Queen, etc.) Maximum
difference in activity will be 1.5 points or 1.5 pawns.Pawn Structure – control of importantsquares (center)
by pawns, weak pawns, strong pawns, isolated pawns past pawns can give
maximum advantage of 2 points. Of course we don’t take into account
extreme cases where pawn can checkmate or promote to a Queen.
If White is better in particular position we will assign a positive
value, such as +3, would correspond that White is 3 pawns up in position
and material together. If Black is better we will write -3, which
would mean Black is 3 pawns up. Take a look at the position below:

White to move

Let’s evaluate the position above according to our 4 categories.

King Safety – White King have castled, while Black King is stuck on f8 and cannot castle. We assign a score of +0.5, or half a pawn, to White, since there is no immediate danger due to position of Black King.

Material – Whitehas an extra pawn on the King’s side. We give +1 to White, and total score becomes +1.5.

Piece Activity – White’s Rook on a1 is equal to Black’s Rook on a8, White’s Rook on f8 is somewhat more active than Black’s Rook on h8 (+0.25), White’s Bishop on c1 is less active than the Black’s Bishop on d6 (-0.25),
White’s Bishop on b5 is equal to Black’s Bishop on e6, White’s Queen
on d5 seems to be more active than Black’s Queen, but it’s also more
vulnerable for threats by Bishops, so we assume they’re equal. Total
Score +1.5

Pawn Structure – as we said previously White is a pawn up,
which gives them a King’s side 4 to 3 majority. There is an equal number
of pawn on the Queen’s side. We have counted pawn’s majority in
Material section, total score doesn’t change: +1.5, or we can say that White is 1.5 pawns better.

If we check this position with the computer (I used Fritz 10), it gives +- 1.54 at depth of 3/43 and recommends the line 16.Qxb7 Rb8 17.Qa6 Bc5 18.f5 Bc8 19.Qc6 Qe7 20.Ba6 Bxe3+ 21.Kh1 Bxh6 22. Qxh6 +- . Our evaluation of +1.5 seems to be pretty good there.
I recommend practicing this system on some random positions and
applying this method to your own over the board (OTB) games. It is not
necessary to apply this method after each move, in fact it would be very
time consuming and impractical to do that. You need to do the deep
evaluation only in critical positions, such as after the end of an
opening theory or a critical position when it is hard to see what to
play. It is a very good method to apply if you don’t know what to do in
positional game. It will guide you through the game, show what pieces to
exchange (your inactive pieces for active pieces of your opponent).