Ongoing conflict and insecurity in South Sudan has forced an estimated 3.5 million South Sudanese to be displaced. Close to 1.9 million are internally displaced, and there are over 1.6 million refugees and asylum-seekers in neighboring countries. Displacement has significantly increased in recent months—over half a million refugees have fled the country since July 1, 2016.

Surveys in neighboring countries reveal border areas where HIV prevalence may also be high in South Sudan. The primary source of HIV surveillance data in South Sudan comes from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC). However, ANC data tend to overestimate HIV prevalence in the general population and may not even be representative of pregnant women living in the areas immediately surrounding the clinic. Less than half of South Sudanese women receive antenatal care at a health facility.

Instead of the usual depiction of conflicts
as countrywide and defined by national boundaries, this map displays distinct
conflict-affected areas in Africa as sub-national and transnational pockets
of insecurity, violence, and armed aggression. Areas of conflict
were drawn around locations of reported conflict incidents in 2007 and
2008, as well as concentrations of internally displaced persons and cross-border
rebel bases and refugee camps in neighboring countries.