Oxygen deprivation on the cellular level is called cell hypoxia. Unless corrected or reversed, intracellular function ceases, eventually leading to cell death. Depending on the extent of the depletion, cells may chemically signal systemic mechanisms which attempt to compensate for the lack of energy and oxygen. Injury and illnesses can initiate cell hypoxia. Treating cell hypoxia entails replacing oxygen, fluids and nutrition.

Hypoxia is caused by any circumstance that interferes with oxygen access, including blunt force trauma, fluid loss, and tissue damage from prolonged applied pressure. Illnesses impeding normal blood flow or reducing oxygen intake also contribute to cell hypoxia. Some researchers believe that maintaining a diet high in polyunsaturated fats reduces membrane permeability and the cell's ability to absorb oxygen. Scientists speculate that oxygen-starved cells and the processes that follow, may create environments that encourage cancerous tumor growth.

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