The new role of rail in great citiesg MarceloLascanoKežić, M. Sc. Universidad de Buenos Aires/Universidad Nacional de San Martín March 2014March 2014 Institute for Transport Studies – University of Leeds – United Kingdom

Summary: There is a growing contrast between the travel times by surface rail or metro, and those by vehicles moving along the street grid and highways. Rail axes have thus gained new importance, all the more those surface systems spanning longer di t N t l h il i b tt ti Th i l distances. Not only has rail service become more attractive. There is also an increased number of potential users. As long as metropolitan growth continues and congestion stabilizes or increases, it is possible that rail axes may act again as shapers of metropolitan spatial features The recent evolution of global cities with shapers of metropolitan spatial features. The recent evolution of global cities, with their increased size, acute congestion and tendency to strengthen their central areas, convey a new utilization of rail transport. To test this hypothesis, we analyze the recent evolution of rail transport in three cities of similar entity: Buenos Aires ties the recent evolution of rail transport in three cities of similar entity: Buenos Aires, Chicago and Sao Paulo. The cases selected represent distinctive combinations of land‐use, infrastructure and recent policy evolution. Analysis is centered on accessibility to downtown areas, where transportation processes assemble with a greatcit accessibility to downtown areas, where transportation processes assemble with a context where space is scarce. In all three cases the use of railways, as a set of inherited infrastructures, has seen an increase whose magnitude suggests a link to modal reassignment due to increasing congestion. Scarcity of space in old ofrailin g g g y p downtown areas is being counteracted through more intense use, or through the expansion of vertical space for transportation operations. ewroleo Marcelo E. Lascano Kežić, M. Sc. Thene

City size and transportation issues J. Michael Thompson (1977): 1) Transportation challenges of cities are related to their size; 2) Conversely, independent of location, cities of similar size face similar transportation ties challenges; and that 3) Comparisons between cities of similar size, albeit located in different parts of the ld l d i i h i f i i f diff i greatcit world, are more relevant and interesting than comparisons of cities of different sizes in the same country/region. ofrailin “The quality of private transport tends to equal that of public transport” ewroleoThene

Why rail matters again in great cities? Rail as an inherited equipment within the city structure: ‐ insertion downtown. capacity ‐ metropolitan coverage ‐ inherited attribute: reliability ‐ evolving inherited attribute: travel time savings Downtown areas of large cities ties ‐ Are relevant even if they grow at a slower rate than suburban areas ‐ Most importantly: concentrates access to rail from all or most residential areas. No other city area has this advantage greatcit y g ‐ Keep their simbolic value. ‐ tendency to recovery ofrailin Large cities ‐ Continue to grow. Size not a deterrent. Increasing importance of capacity of trunk lines ewroleo g g p p y ‐ Have entered into a stage of all‐day congestion, no longer exclusive to downtown areas and main transport links. Thene

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Why rail matters again in great cities? Objectives: ‐ Explicit the positive feedback between rail infrastructure capacity and large cities ‐Document recent ridership increases that have been fast (less than 5 years) in large cities that have old rail networks Hypothesis: ‐ There is a relationship between the spatial structure of a city and the transportation ties technology ‐increased ridership is becoming heterogeneous, socially, spatially. M h d l greatcit Methodology: ‐Harness operational ridership datasets, as the most comprehensive source of information illustrating use of rail in large cities, backed up with survey data, if il bl ofrailin available. ‐ distinguish, at least preliminary, two sections in a line: mainly residential, and mainly downtown or non residential with prevalence of alightnings during morning peaks ewroleoThene

Great Lakes - America 2050

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