Factor X deficiency

Factor X (ten) deficiency is a disorder caused by too little of a protein called factor X in the blood. It leads to problems with normal blood clotting (coagulation).

Alternative Names:

Stuart-Prower deficiency

Causes:

When you bleed, your body starts a series of reactions that help the blood clot. This is called the coagulation cascade. The process involves special proteins called coagulation factors. You can have a higher chance of excess bleeding when one or more of these clotting factors are missing.

Factor X deficiency is often caused by a defect in the factor X gene that is passed through families. This is called inherited factor X deficiency. Bleeding ranges from mild to severe depending on the extent of deficiency

Factor X deficiency may also develop due to another condition or use of medications. This is called “acquired factor X deficiency.” Acquired factor X deficiency is common. It may be caused by:

Use of medicines that prevent clotting (anticoagulants such as warfarin or Coumadin)

Women with factor X deficiency may first be diagnosed when they have very heavy menstrual bleeding and bleeding after childbirth. The condition may be first noticed in newborn boys if they have bleeding that lasts longer than normal after circumcision.

You can control blood loss by getting infusions of fresh or frozen plasma or concentrates of clotting factors into the blood. If you lack vitamin K, you can take vitamin K by mouth, through injections under the skin, or through a vein (intravenously).

Knowing that you have a bleeding disorder helps the doctor can take extra care if you need surgery. It also lets you alert also tell other family members who may have the same problem.

Support Groups:

You can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems.

Outlook (Prognosis):

The outcome is most often good if the condition is mild or you get treatment.

Inherited factor X deficiency is a life-long condition.

The outlook for acquired factor X deficiency depends on the cause. If it is caused by liver disease, the outcome depends on how well your liver disease can be treated. Taking vitamin K supplements will treat vitamin K deficiency. If the disorder is caused by amyloidosis, there are several treatment options, including surgery to remove your spleen.

Possible Complications:

Severe bleeding or sudden loss of blood (hemorrhage) can occur. The joints may get deformed in severe disease from many bleeds.

When to Contact a Medical Professional:

Get emergency medical help if you have an unexplained or severe loss of blood.