Androgenic Anabolic Steroid

Anabolic Steroid Use and Abuse

Anabolic steroidsalso known more properly as anabolic—androgenic steroids AAS[1] are steroidal androgens that include natural androgens like testosterone as well as synthetic androgens that are structurally related and have similar effects to testosterone. They are anabolic and increase protein within cellsespecially in skeletal musclesand also have varying degrees of androgenic and virilizing effects, androgenic anabolic steroid induction of the development and maintenance of masculine secondary sexual characteristics such as the growth of facial and body hair. Androgens or AAS are one of three types of sex hormone agoniststhe others being estrogens like estradiol and progestogens like progesterone. AAS were synthesized in the s, androgenic anabolic steroid are now androgenic anabolic steroid therapeutically in medicine to stimulate muscle growth and appetiteinduce male puberty androgenic anabolic steroid treat chronic wasting conditions, such as cancer and AIDS. The American College of Sports Medicine acknowledges that AAS, in the presence of adequate diet, can contribute to increases in body weightoften as lean mass increases and that the gains in muscular strength achieved through high-intensity exercise and proper diet can be additionally increased by the use of AAS in some individuals. Health risks low t symptons be produced by long-term use or excessive doses of AAS.

Anabolic steroid - Wikipedia

Anabolic-androgenic steroids AAS are synthetically produced variants of the naturally occurring male sex hormone testosterone. These drugs can be legally prescribed to treat conditions resulting from steroid hormone deficiency, such as delayed puberty , as well as diseases that result in loss of lean muscle mass, such as cancer and AIDS. AAS are taken orally or injected, typically in cycles rather than continuously. In addition, users often combine several different types of steroids in an attempt to maximize their effectiveness, a practice referred to as "stacking.

The immediate effects of AAS in the brain are mediated by their binding to androgen male sex hormone and estrogen female sex hormone receptors on the surface of a cell. This AAS— receptor complex can then shuttle into the cell nucleus to influence patterns of gene expression. Because of this, the acute effects of AAS in the brain are substantially different from those of other drugs of abuse. However, long-term use of AAS can eventually have an impact on some of the same brain pathways and chemicals—such as dopamine, serotonin , and opioid systems—that are affected by other drugs of abuse.

Considering the combined effect of their complex direct and indirect actions, it is not surprising that AAS can affect mood and behavior in significant ways. AAS and Mental Health.

Preclinical, clinical , and anecdotal reports suggest that steroids may contribute to psychiatric dysfunction. Research shows that abuse of anabolic steroids may lead to aggression and other adverse effects. Animal studies have shown that AAS are reinforcing—that is, animals will self-administer AAS when given the opportunity, just as they do with other addictive drugs.

This property is more difficult to demonstrate in humans, but the potential for AAS abusers to become addicted is consistent with their continued abuse despite physical problems and negative effects on social relations. Individuals who abuse steroids can experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop taking AAS—these include mood swings, fatigue , restlessness, loss of appetite, insomnia , reduced sex drive, and steroid cravings, all of which may contribute to continued abuse.

One of the most dangerous withdrawal symptoms is depression — when persistent, it can sometimes lead to suicide attempts. Research also indicates that some users might turn to other drugs to alleviate some of the negative effects of AAS.

For example, a study of men admitted in to a private treatment center for dependence on heroin or other opioids found that 9. Of these, 86 percent first used opioids to counteract insomnia and irritability resulting from the steroids. Steroid abuse can lead to serious, even irreversible health problems. Some of the most dangerous among these include liver damage; jaundice yellowish pigmentation of skin , tissues, and body fluids ; fluid retention; high blood pressure ; increases in LDL "bad" cholesterol ; and decreases in HDL "good" cholesterol.

Other reported effects include renal failure, severe acne , and trembling. In addition, there are some gender- and age-specific adverse effects: For men—shrinking of the testicles , reduced sperm count, infertility , baldness , development of breasts, increased risk for prostate cancer For women—growth of facial hair, male-pattern baldness, changes in or cessation of the menstrual cycle , enlargement of the clitoris , deepened voice For adolescents—stunted growth due to premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes; risk of not reaching expected height if AAS is taken before the typical adolescent growth spurt.

What Treatment Options Exist? There has been very little research on treatment for AAS abuse. Current knowledge derives largely from the experiences of a small number of physicians who have worked with patients undergoing steroid withdrawal. They have learned that, in general, supportive therapy combined with education about possible withdrawal symptoms is sufficient in some cases.

Sometimes, medications can be used to restore the balance of the hormonal system after its disruption by steroid abuse. If symptoms are severe or prolonged, symptomatic medications or hospitalization may be needed. Monitoring the Future is an annual survey used to assess drug use among the Nation's 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students. While steroid use remained stable among all grades from to , there has been a significant reduction since for nearly all prevalence periods i.

The exception was past-month use among 12th-graders, which has remained stable. Males consistently report higher rates of use than females: Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57 2: Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use.

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sisitakis–01.12.2017 19:04

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xandercage–06.12.2017 05:52

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lenaoeo–13.12.2017 16:22

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sayfear–12.01.2018 15:25

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AltroEgo–23.01.2018 19:07

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malvina1671–29.01.2018 00:43

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junynhobxd–02.02.2018 06:13

Quad Machine 3 sets of 285 for 12~15

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chumazey–12.02.2018 00:35

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Baksik–21.02.2018 20:54

165x4 (Last rep needed a little spot)

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djfghf–28.02.2018 21:38

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net–01.03.2018 05:20

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tzeremes–09.03.2018 03:36

800lbs x 6

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siskipiski–13.03.2018 22:24

New weight: 239.4

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