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In analytical psychology, a term used dismissively by Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) to characterize interpretation in classical psychoanalysis, in which the doctrine of psychic determinism encourages analysts to explain everything causally in terms of unconscious instinctual processes. According to Jung, on the contrary, ‘No psychological fact can ever be explained in terms of causality alone; as a living phenomenon, it is always indissolubly bound up with the continuity of the vital process, so that it is not only something evolved but also continually evolving and creative’ (Collected Works, 6, paragraph 717).