Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) is a mitomycin that is used as a chemotherapeutic agent by virtue of its antitumour activity. It is given intravenously to treat upper gastro-intestinal cancers (e.g. esophageal carcinoma), anal cancers, and breast cancers, as well as by bladder instillation for superficial bladder tumours. It causes delayed bone marrow toxicity and therefore it is usually administered at 6-weekly intervals. Prolonged use may result in permanent bone-marrow damage. It may also cause lung fibrosis and renal damage.
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) has also been used topically rather than intravenously in several areas. The first is cancers, particularly bladder cancers and intraperitoneal tumours. It is now well known that a single instillation of this agent within 6 hours of bladder tumor resection can prevent recurrence. The second is in eye surgery where Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) 0.02% is applied topically to prevent scarring during glaucoma filtering surgery and to prevent haze after PRK or LASIK; Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) has also been shown to reduce fibrosis in strabismus surgery. The third is in esophageal and tracheal stenosis where application of Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) onto the mucosa immediately following dilatation will decrease re-stenosis by decreasing the production of fibroblasts and scar tissue.
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) is a potent DNA crosslinker. A single crosslink per genome has shown to be effective in killing bacteria. This is accomplished by reductive activation of mitomycin to form a mitosene, which reacts successively via N-alkylation of two DNA bases. Both alkylations are sequence specific for a guanine nucleoside in the sequence 5'-CpG-3'. Potential bis-alkylating heterocylic quinones were synthetised in order to explore their antitumoral activities by bioreductive alkylation. Mitomycin is also used as a chemotherapeutic agent in glaucoma surgery.
What Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) is:
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) is a chemotherapy drug. It is also called Mitomycin-C Kyowa. It is used on its own or in combination with other treatments for some types of cancer, including:
Bladder cancer
Breast cancers that have spread
Cancer of the neck of the womb (cervix)
Stomach cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer
Cancer of the food pipe (oesophageal cancer)
It is sometimes used to treat bowel cancer, head and neck cancers, skin cancer and prostate cancer.
How does Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) works:
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) works by sticking the cancer cell’s DNA (the cell’s genetic code) together so that it can't come apart again. The cell can't divide so the cancer cannot grow.
How you have Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7):
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) is a purple liquid. You have it into your bloodstream (intravenously). You can have it through a thin, short tube (a cannula) put into a vein in your arm each time you have treatment. Or you may have it through a central line, a portacath or a PICC line. These are long, plastic tubes that give the drugs directly into a large vein in your chest. The tube can stay in place throughout the whole course of treatment.
You usually have chemotherapy as a course of several cycles of treatment. The treatment plan for Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) depends on which cancer you have. You can find out about how doctors plan chemotherapy.
For early stage bladder cancer you may have Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) into your bladder through a tube called a catheter. You can find information about treatment into the bladder.
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For liver cancer you may have mitomycin into the artery leading to the liver. Doctors call this intra arterial chemotherapy or intrahepatic chemotherapy.
The side effects of Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) given into the bloodstream (IV mitomycin) are listed below. You can use the links to find out more about each side effect or click on search at the top of the page. If there is no link you can find information in the cancer drugs side effects section.
Common side effects of IV Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7):
More than 10 in every 100 people who have Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) into their bloodstream have one or more of the side effects listed below.
An increased risk of getting an infection from a drop in white blood cells – it is harder to fight infections and you can become very ill. You may have headaches, aching muscles, a cough, a sore throat, pain passing urine, or you may feel cold and shivery. If you have a severe infection this can be life threatening. Contact your treatment centre straight away if you have any of these effects or if your temperature goes above 38°C. You will have regular blood tests to check your blood cell levels.
Tiredness and weakness (fatigue) during and after treatment – most people find their energy levels are back to normal from 6 months to a year after their treatment ends.
Loss of appetite.
Feeling or being sick may happen a few hours after each treatment and last for about 3 days. It is generally well controlled with anti sickness injections and tablets. If you are still feeling or being sick tell your doctor or nurse.
Weight loss.
Bruising more easily due to a drop in platelets – you may have nosebleeds, bleeding gums after brushing your teeth, or lots of tiny red spots or bruises on your arms or legs (known as petechia).
Tiredness and breathlessness due to a drop in red blood cells (anaemia) – you may need a blood transfusion.
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) into the bladder:
If you have Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) into your bladder, it only causes side effects in the area of the bladder. The bladder can feel inflamed and sore after the treatment, as though you have cystitis. You may feel that you need to pass urine more often than usual. There is a very small risk of damage to the bladder wall or a hole in the bladder wall.
Tell your doctor or nurse straight away if you have any of the following effects
Severe abdominal (tummy) pain
Problems passing urine or can't pass it
Blood in your urine
You should wash your hands thoroughly after passing urine for a couple of days after having this treatment. If the urine touches your skin, the Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) may cause a rash.
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) into the liver:
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) into the main artery leading to the liver tends to cause very few side effects. But it may cause skin changes such as pain, redness, rashes, blisters, and ulcers. It may lead to skin or muscle damage. In some people this drug can cause blood clots in the liver.
If the drug leaks into the tissues around the artery it may cause damage to the wall of the stomach or small bowel.
Your treatment team will monitor you closely while you have this treatment.
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) is an antibiotic isolated from the broth of Streptomyces caespitosus which has been shown to have antitumor activity. The compound is heat stable, has a high melting point, and is freely soluble in organic solvents.
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) for Injection is a sterile dry mixture of Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) and mannitol, which when reconstituted with Sterile Water for Injection provides a solution for intravenous administration. Each vial contains either Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) 5 mg and mannitol 10 mg, or Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) 20 mg and mannitol 40 mg, or Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) 40 mg and mannitol 80 mg. Each mL of reconstituted solution will contain 0.5 mg Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) and have a pH between 6.0 and 8.0.
Areas covered in Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7):
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) is an old drug that acts synergistically with capecitabine and irinotecan. Relevant studies were identified in PubMed (years 1950 - 2009), Ovid, Cochrane database and the American Society of Clinical Oncology abstracts (years 1995 - 2009) using the following search terms: Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7), fluorouracil, capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and colorectal cancer. Only studies using the combination of Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) with one of the aforementioned agents were selected.
Take home message:
Mitomycin C(casno.50-07-7) combinations are less efficacious than modern drugs in the first-line treatment of colorectal cancer. However, they are acceptable alternatives for best supportive care in colorectal cancer that is refractory to standard regimens, as they show some modest efficacy at low cost.