Background

As a result of many years of civil
war and the emergence of a number of armed rival "clans" seeking to establish
hegemony, Somalia is considered a "failed" state as
currently no central governing authority has exclusive control over the entire
country. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) is the recognised
central government authority but its control is weak and a number of areas and
local authorities within Somalia have declared themselves "independent" of the
TFG or aligned themselves with its opponents and do not recognise it as the
legitimate governing authority.

The Transitional Federal Government
has nominal control in the centre of the country and has the support of the
Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and Al-Shabaab. In
the north and north-west five quasi-independent areas have formed since the
1990s, namely:

Some of these areas, like Somaliland,
have declared themselves fully independent republic and established rival
governing and administrative structures while others such as Puntland do not
recognise the authority of the TFG and have declared themselves "autonomous". Some of these quasi-independent and semi-autonomous regions in Somalia have also
adopted distinctive symbols, including flags, while others continue to use the
Somali flag.

There are also a variety of smaller entities, usually based on towns and
cities, which have also declared themselves autonomous from the central
governing authority. Those in Puntland are highlighted below, and here for
those in
Somaliland and the rest of Somalia. Bruce Berry, 26 Oct 2008

[The situation around these areas is very fluid and the accuracy of the
information presented below is subject to further confirmation and verification.
- Ed]

Golol Mudug

image by
Jaume Ollé, 04 October 2014

There’s a claim of a rival state to Galmudug called Golol Mudug.
It uses a flag which has three horizontal stripes of blue, over white over green with a red triangle at hoist.
In the center of the
upper blue stripe is a white five pointed star.Jaume Ollé, 04 October 2014

Karkaar State

Karkaar state shares its name with the mountain rage which runs through it and
is mainly the southern area of Bari region of Puntland.Cai Zhenyuan, 16 July 2013

image by
Jaume Ollé, 16 October 2014

Flaggenkourier (No. 39, June 2014) shows a light blue flag with
three-dimensional letters “Karkaar”
(above in an arch) “State” (below anterior, and also in arch) “of” (in the center)
and “Puntland” (below in arch) in the form that the two arches
above and below form nearly a circle. I don't have any further information
on this flag but have a drawing of another which is light blue and white.
In the canton is a large white five-pointed star on a light blue background,
with the remainder of the flag comprising seven alternate white and light blue
horizontal stripes.Jaume Ollé, 16 October 2014

Maakhir

Maakhir was established in June 2007 after a dispute with
Puntland authorities over a range of issues,
including mining and oil resources. The biggest cities in the Maakhir state are
Las Qoray, Badhan, Hadaaftimo Hingalol and Erigavo. Maakhir state was
established by the Warsengeli sub clan of Darood and is not recognized by the
government of Puntland. Jibril Ali Salad is the president of Maakhir state and
maintains a parliament and a cabinet of ministers.Cai Zhenyuan, 16 July 2013

Maakhir State of Somalia (Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir in Somali) is a
self-proclaimed autonomous state within Somalia in an area disputed by
Somaliland and Puntland. It was declared in 01 July 2007 but remains
unrecognized by the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia.

image by G.M. Borgacci, 05 May 2008

Maakhir also has a crest, the central shield of which forms the basis of the
flag. Garry M Borgacci, 05 May 2008

image by António Martins-Tuválkin and Željko Heimer, 02 Nov 2008

A flag based on the Somali national flag has also been shown as that of
Maakhir State. I'm attaching an image, using an educated guess that the
star is regular and placed in the centre.António Martins-Tuválkin, 02 Nov 2008

The clan of Majeerteen in north east Somalia
tried to establish a regular government in their region. The ephemeral republic of Majeerteen was proclaimed in 1991 but was short lived and never had full
control. During this time a flag was reported from this area. The
flag comprised three unequal diagonal stripes (top right to bottom left) of red,
light blue and white, with a white five pointed star in the canton.Jaume Ollé, 17 October 2014

If Majeerteen clan tried to establish a separate state before the anarchy in
Somalia started, what then was their reason for doing so? However,
considering that Puntland is largely the territory of
the Majeerteen Sultanate, could it be that this wasn't so much ephemeral but
rather a predecessor of existing Puntland?

Ras Asayr

Ras-Aseyr state was established on 17 April 2011 and is dominated by the Siwaqroon clan in the Bari region of
Puntland. It was founded in Bargaal, the
capital of Bari region and its president is Mohamed Farah.Cai Zhenyuan, 16 July 2013

image by Jaume Ollé, 24 Oct 2014

The first flag of Ras Asayr State had three horizontal stripes of green, white
and green with a blue triangle at hoist containing a white five pointed star.
However, several variants seem to exist. Flaggenkourier (No. 39,
June 2014) reports a variant which is in proportion of 2:3 and with the triangle
occupying one third of the length and only having two horizontal stripes of
white over green (as with the image below but without the emblem). Other
variants have the triangle occupying one quarter of the length. Jaume Ollé, 24 Oct 2014

images by Jaume Ollé, 24 Oct 2014

In 2013 a new flag was seen in two versions - sometimes both together. The most
noticeable difference is the addition of the state emblem in the centre of the
white stripe. One version retains the blue triangle at the hoist whilst in
the other it has been omitted.Jaume Ollé, 24 Oct 2014

Tanadland (Galkayo)

image by Olivier Touzeau,
02 Aug 2008

The flag of Tanadland is
reported to be eight alternate horizontal stripes of orange and blue, with the
Japanese naval ensign type design in the canton.Olivier Touzeau, 02 Aug 2008

West Puntland

images by Jaume Ollé, 03 Nov 2014

About 2011 Tanadland
was renamed West Puntland and changed its flag. I have
photographic evidence of three versions:

a) Flag divided in half vertically with a light blue hoist charged with a white
five pointed star; fly divided equally white over green;
b) Flag divided in half vertically with a light blue hoist charged with a white
five pointed star; fly divided equally green over white; and
c) Same a (b) but with the star rotated towards the top left hand corner of the
hoist.Jaume Ollé, 03 Nov 2014