surveillance

sampling, including necropsy examination, of clinically normal samples of the population; important in the surveillance of diseases in which subclinical cases and carriers predominate.

epidemiological surveillance

watching over a population and recording data likely to have epidemiological significance, usually with the aim of early detection of disease. Essentially an interventionist exercise compared with monitoring, which is passive.

passive surveillance

examination of only clinically affected cases of specified diseases in the population.

Many recent passive surveillance studies have used multiple types of records to identify as many cases of alcohol-related anomalies as possible, since a case of FAS is frequently documented in more than one place (e.

In September 2009, the CDC and various organizations in the affected states began passive surveillance for human and veterinary cases in the Pacific Northwest to understand the extent of the pathogen's spread and its epidemiology.

burgdorferi infection based on passive surveillance (that is, ticks collected voluntarily by medical and veterinary clinics in Quebec were submitted to the provincial public health laboratory) and active surveillance (the research team's own field analysis of 71 woodland sites in three regions of southern Quebec) to identify areas where Lyme disease is emerging.

But it is fundamentally flawed in continuing to tolerate the inadequacies of a passive surveillance system when the requisites exist for realizing active surveillance under independent safety authority.

However, much of the data are based on passive surveillance, which can overestimate prevalence, because women with acute, uncomplicated UTIs often do not have cultures performed, so these cases are not reported, said Dr.

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