This is a bug that first appeared in Photoshop CC 2015.5 . There is nothing you can do about it except delete the folders manually. It's pretty harmless as the folders are empty but it is messy. It will probably be fixed in a later version

A quick way I have dealt with this bug for the time being is, I use a program called CCleaner, it is a very popular file cleaner ( if you haven't heard of it before). I just use the free version. Anyway, under Options there is an "include" tab and you can include the path to those folders. ex.

C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Tempzxpsign*\

I am on Windows 7 so unless you are using the same OS your path may be different but the important part is the little *\ at the end of Tempzxpsign. That's a wildcard for CCleaner so it detects all the folders with different numbers at the end. Then setting up the rest of the dialog there is an option to include files, subfolders and the folder itself. That will delete all those empty folders when you run the cleaner. Super easy and fast to set up, then I will just remove the folder include once Adobe decides to fix the error in Photoshop.

Problem is simply that some programmer forgot to add / insert a backslash. So instead of C:\Temp\zxpsign C:\Tempzxpsign is created. The workaround is simple: YOU - append that backslash to your %TEMP% and %TMP% environment variables (e.g. C:\TEMP\) and that's it. Doesn't hurt any other application.

For those at Adobe who continue to pretend that this is a problem with a third-party plugin : please have a look at C:\Program Files\Adobe\Adobe Photoshop CC 2017\ZXPSignLib-minimal.dll . The "zxpsign" prefix of the offending temporary files is defined in this DLL.

You can solve this by disabling all extensions under: Preferences > Plug-ins.

Then, un-check both "Allow extensions to connect to the internet" and "Load extension panels".

Doing so will prevent Photoshop from creating these empty folders in your Local directory. However, this will also disable Photoshop's "start workspace". Photoshop will now open to a blank page instead. I actually prefer this because Photoshop loads up MUCH faster than with the new (and rather buggy) workspace.

*If you use other Adobe softwares like Premiere Pro and After Effects, they'll also create these empty folders upon launch... No fixes for them yet.

Actually, the culprit is the developer who forgot to add the missing \ in his code. Not loading the extension panels is not a solution for those who are using tools based on such panels. The solution is to fix that code which should take no more that 2 minutes.

The problem is indeed in CEPHtmlEngine.exe at offset 267168 (hex). Unfortunately, there's no room left to patch the zxpsign%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% string and add the missing backslash. What could be done is to replace the leading z with a backslash using an hex editor but this may have side effects, so I do not recommend this.

Moreover, since these are temporary files, they should be removed when exiting PS and this can't be fixed with a patch. A good programmer should always clean up before leaving the toilet.