Any light bulb that isn't an LED?
Or how about trade tariffs?
Illegal Drugs? First make them legal, then tax the shit out of them!
Rich people, especially capital gains?
Corporation?
Non green sources of energy?

(note: that doesn't mean if you earn say 15k you pay 15%, it means you get the first 14,999 tax free and then that $1 is taxed at 15%. So for example if I earn $100K, first 14,999 tax free. 15-29,999 taxed at 15% so $2249.85 in tax for the first 29,999 of my income. 30-50 would be $4399.78. $8399.72 for the next lot and then the rest of my income is taxed at 33% so giving me a total tax amount each year of $21,649.35 not $33k.)
This is the fairest way of doing income tax and can the brackets can be changed to suit the country.
The reason I think the first 15k should be free is 15k is usually (here anyway) like a part time job wage, something like what a teen would get for after school pocket money. Plus it benefits the poor greatly if they can have the first 15k tax free. 30-50K is typically (this is in NZ dollars btw, so times everything by 1.5 for US dollars) the average household income per adult and so they afford to pay tax more then someone on less then 30k a year.

All business that earn $60,000 + a year flat tax of 33%
All business that earn less then $60,000 a year tax free.

GST of 15%
Fruit and Veg, milk and bread GST free.

Fruit and veg etc.. tax free because it promotes healthy eating. Currently I can buy a bag of crisps for $1.99. A bag of carrots is $4.49...
It's a well know fact that poor people don't always get the healthy option because money is a huge factor.
It can also be classed as an investment because a healthier population means less health related costs.

The gasoline to promote public transport and alternative options like walking.
Tobacco because of health related costs associated with it.
The other things because they're also bad for you and are suppose to be a "sometimes food".

Tax has a lot of power, I would argue it's the most powerful way a government can implement real change in society in an almost hands off way.
It's a lot more then "tax the rich".

Oh and the easiest way to stop tax evasion is simply the government requiring by law accounting statements. Then it's a simply match up of profits v how much that company should have paid in taxes that year v how much it has paid in taxes that year.
Also employers should be in charge of paying employee taxes (out of employee wage). So it comes out of your wages automatically if you're an employee.
It doesn't go to the company, the employer pays your taxes for you then deducts it out of your wages.

Raising taxes don't do a bit of good. When the government has more money they don't pay down the deficit, they open more programs, then they need even more taxes...its a viscous cycle. You need to get spending under control before you even consider raising taxes a penny for anyone. Cutting bureaucrats and inefficient programs is a start, ending no win wars is a pretty damn good idea as well, and getting the government out of people private lives (gay marriage, patriot act, drug war, etc). There ya' go.