Forget Mammoths, We Could Bring Dinosaurs and Neanderthals Back to Life

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The scientific world was set ablaze of late as discussions ramped up
about the resurrection of the wholly mammoth. I know what you’re thinking: Jurassic
Park. Well, not quite — but maybe not that far off, either. In an
interview with Big Think, Dr. Michio Kaku, professor of theoretical physics at the
City College of New York, wonders: what if we could clone the Neanderthal, or a
dinosaur, based solely off their genomes?

It is a plausible question. George Church,
geneticist and director of Harvard University’s Church Labs, believes that
we can clone a Neanderthal in our lifetime.

So much so that he thinks all we need is “one extremely adventurous
human female.” While he doesn’t advocate for the project to be attempted
straight away, he does encourage discussion on the matter. Church believes
that with current stem cell technology and our completed sequence of the
Neanderthal genome, we are equipped with the potential to clone a
Neanderthal.

The Neanderthals went extinct tens of thousands of years
ago, so cloning one from recovered DNA would be impressive enough of a
feat — but what about something from 65 million years
ago? Dr. Kaku addresses this, admitting that cloning a dinosaur won’t be
as easy as cloning a Neanderthal or a mammoth (which wouldn’t very
“easy” to begin with) — but that doesn’t mean it’s impossible.

Dr. Kaku notes that proteins found within the soft tissues of
recovered dinosaur femurs resemble those of chickens, frogs, and reptiles
— confirm the theory of their relation. He posits that through the use of
a supercomputer, a genetic sequencecould be produced, which would create
theoretical potential for cloning
through epigenetics.

Just Because We
Can Doesn’t Mean We Should

When it comes to cloning mammoths or dinosaurs, the limitations are
mostly technical at this point. With Neanderthals, however, there’s an addition
element: ethics. Dr. Kaku asks important questions about what scientists
would do after bringing a Neanderthal child to life: Should he or she be
placed in captivity like some kind of zoo animal? Would they face a lifetime of
study? What if the Neanderthal is naturally aggressive — should it be
drugged or confined at all times? Many bioethicists debate the ethics of
de-extinction, but there are also those that tout genetic diversity. Others believe the act is far too inhumane to even attempt.

Listen to Dr. Kaku’s argument below and decide where you stand on the
should-we-or-shouldn’t-we of prehistoric cloning.