Health Encyclopedia

Low Back Pain

Definition

Low back pain is an ache or discomfort in the area of the lower part of the back and spinal column. The lower spinal column has many small bones and muscles that surround and protect the spinal cord and nerves. Low back pain is very common and affects most adults at some point in their lives.

Symptoms

Pain is usually restricted to the low back. It can get worse with back motion, sitting, standing, bending, and twisting. If a nerve is irritated, the pain may spread into the buttock or leg on the affected side. Muscle weakness or numbness may occur.

When Should I Call My Doctor?

Often, back pain improves with self-treatment. However, some serious symptoms may occur. They may require more immediate medical attention. Call your doctor if back pain:

Is severe or gets significantly worse

Has not started to improve within about a week

Causes difficulty walking, standing, or moving

Is worse at night or worse when you lie down

Spreads down your legs

Comes with pain or throbbing in your abdomen

Is new and you are over age 50 years old

Is associated with:

Numbness, weakness, or tingling in your buttocks, genitals, or legs

Loss of bowel or bladder control

Difficulty with urination

Fever, unexplained weight loss, or other signs of illness

You should call your doctor if you have back pain and a history of cancer or osteoporosis. You should also call if you have a history of recent infection, steroid use or IV drug use.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The exam will focus on your back, hips, and legs. The doctor may test for strength, flexibility, sensation, and reflexes.

Imaging tests are rarely needed. They may be done for pain that is severe or does not respond to treatment. If needed, imaging tests options include:

Your doctor may recommend other tests to help diagnose or eliminate any causes of your back pain.

Treatment

Treatment options include:

Activity

Bed rest is not generally recommended. It may be suggested for no more than 1-2 days in those with severe pain. Your doctor may recommend that you restrict certain activities for a period of time and then resume them as soon as possible. You may be able to shorten your recovery time by staying active and exercising.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.