Age of Exploration

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Transcript of Age of Exploration

Used Military to capture MalaccaOpened trade with ChinaControlled trade shipments to Europe and most of Southeast AsiaEnforced a monopoly in the Spice IslandsUsed military to achieve trading goalsIn Mughal India1602: Dutch East India companyWasn't controlled by the governmentCompany had great amount of powerCould build armiesGo to warMake treatiesGovern overseas territoryDutch East India Company dominated regionHow did the Age of Exploration bring people out of the dark ages?Ali McGeeFaye Nie Samuel BekeleBailey GrahamThe Age of ExplorationMotivation/Why?3 G's: God, Gold, GloryReligious purposesDesire to save soulsQuick routes to AsiaObtain spicesConquest and colonizationKnowledge of the World (size, people, culture)ObstaclesInsufficient geographic knowledge The "dangerous" oceanConditions on ships/SuppliesDiseases and nutrition deficiencySailing weatherExploration brought humans out of the dark ages by exposing people to new ideas and regions of the "New World." People had contact with new knowledge and things they have never had contact with before.BackgroundVasco da GamaJuly 1497: Led 4 ships, crew of 170 menCape of Good Hope -> Indian OceanSeptember 1499: Came back to Lisbon with spices from the EastPortugal: Sea PowerRelied on sea powerWest Africa to China tradeTrading instead of conqueringSuccess had to do with geographyImpactsImpacted New WorldDiseases, cultural losses, introduction of new animalsIntroduction of new crops to Spain (corn & potatoes)Population grewTechnological advancements Vasco Nunez de BalboaSeptember 1, 1513: Spanish settlement of Santa Maria de la AntiguaLead first european expedition into Pacific Left with 200 men & 1,000 IndiansCrossed isthmus of PanamaClimbed to peak of mountain, saw the "South Sea"4 days later, reached Pacific, claimed all lands touching for Spain1520s: Spain allowed Pizarro to conquer Inca Empire1531: Conquered Inca Empire of PeruDid by kidnapping Inca emperorGold/silver deposit found, poured back into SpainSpain: Conquest & ColonizationInstead of Trade, Spain into conquest and colonizationTurned Spain into one of worlds most powerful and wealthiest countriesGold and SilverFrancesco PizarroImpactsFerdinand MagellanThe Age of Discovery: A time when human beings ventured out farther into the world, in search of new knowledge and land.

Takes place from about 1400s-1600s

Mostly European explorationKing Ferdinand & Queen IsabellaThe SpanishSpain was interested in increasing the size of their empire, discovering riches, and expanding Christianity.Spain Ferdinand MagellanStrait of MagellanStopped at port San JulianLed by few captains, crew rebelled against legal authorityMagellan solved by killing one captain, leaving other one behindSearched for strait along South American CoastFound strait at southern tip (Now called the "Strait of Magellan")About a month of travel through the Strait of MagellanNovember 1520: Came upon a huge ocean Magellan named it Mar Pacifico (The Pacific Ocean) Took 3 months to cross PacificMagellan recorded:"we were three month and twenty days without refreshments from any kind of fresh food...We drank yellow water already many days putrid...and often we ate sawdust. Rats were sold for half a ducat apiece, and even so we could not always get them."After crossing Pacific, arrived at GuamSailed from there to island CebuBefriended the locals

Was able to trade, stocked up clovesMade way back to SpainSeptember 6, 1522: One ship returned to Spain, the VictoriaHad spices and only 18 original menThe people of Cebu asked for his help to fight MactanMagellan agreed, lead battleThought if would be easy using weapons on his shipShot with poison arrow, finished off with spear, died April 27, 1521Remaining ships reached MoluccasAccomplishments:European geographic knowledge expandedDiscovered a strait through South AmericaDiscovered a massive oceanFound world was much larger than previously thought

Note:Magellan never actually circumnavigated the globe, he died before he got the chance.1520 Magellan found straitOut of fear one crew forced captain to return to Spain3 out of 5 ships remaining (one previously destroyed in a storm)

Bartolomeu DiasThe Portuguese"So, it was natural for the Portuguese to ride the first wave of the age of exploration." -Steven Kreis, The History GuideVasco da Gama Difficult Trade with IndiaArabs dominated trade with IndiaIndia unwilling to trade with PortugueseSaw European goods as inferiorVasco da Gama only got about a shipload of spicesOver a year to get backLost 2 of 4 ships,126 of 170 menPortugal's king passed away 10 years before Vaso da Gama sent to IndiaCape of Good Hope (Africa) lost a shipArabs already trading with IndiaPrince Henry the Navigator15211521End Note1522152015191521: Across the Pacific Ocean1521: Magellan's Final Battle1522: First to Circumnavigate the Earth End Note1519: Beginning of Magellan's Voyage1520: The Strait of MagellanSerious about exploring in1400'sSearching for where Arabs were getting gold (through Sahara)Reluctant to cross equatorFear of warmer waters & North Star disappearingFear of sea monsters, rumors and stories about themFew miles off coast1434: 15 voyagers turned back before an expedition1440's: Portuguese traveled to Africa, engaged in slave tradeSaw a possibility of reaching India from AfricaMagellan believed: Sail west to IndiesFind strait or channel through South AmericaIt would connect Atlantic and Pacific OceansWhich meant a route to AsiaSpain sponsored voyageSeptember 20, 1519: Magellan left Spain, 5 ships, ~250 menFrench and English took interest in finding way around AfricaPortuguese captains were traveling fartherDiego Cao explored ~1500 miles off coastline1487: Bartolomeu Dias tried to find way around Africa to IndiaWould have reached India, but crew mutinied our of fear of sea monstersForced to turn backProved circumnavigating Africa was possibleStarting Again<upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Retrato_de_Vasco_da_Gama.png> 27 Oct. 2013.<www.gavinmenzies.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/1.jpg> 27 Oct. 2013.<upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg> 27 Oct. 2013Dutch East India CompanyFirst ones brave enough to explorerProved things true, and many myths falseGave people new knowledgeAdvance in technology: Explorers -> Mapmakers -> ExplorersStarted a "wave" of explorationRulers of SpainMajor sponsors of explorationEncouraged many famous Spanish explorersLiked conquest and colonization<www.biyografim.net/images/person/orjinal/Bartolomeu_Dias2_yasamoykusu.jpeg> 27 Oct. 2013.<upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Gonzalo_Pizarro_Alonso.jpg> 27 Oct. 2013<2.bp.blogspot.com/-HDaxw3hPxDc/T8RFL1_I4dI/AAAAAAAAAB4/jTHJNTdio90/s1600/dutch+east+india+company.jpg> 27 Oct. 2013<2.bp.blogspot.com/-CwrXE11gH2k/TeTbLyWgYNI/AAAAAAAACIQ/VxBMYfApBOg/s1600/Sea-Monsters2.jpg> 29 Oct. 2013TheAgeofExploration<www.spacedaily.com/images-lg/gold-silver-nuggets-lg.jpg> 27 Oct. 2013.<www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/M/Ferdinand-Magellan-9395202-1-402.jpg> 27 Oct. 2013<3.bp.blogspot.com/-QMNm2RpZbLg/UTOvU-X1nSI/AAAAAAAAECk/26qaJLdxTfg/s1600/Magellan+Strait_map+copy.jpg> 27 Oct. 2013<pennyinparadise.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/vasconunezdebalboa.jpeg> 27 Oct. 2013.<lostislamichistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/isabella_clara_eugenia_spain_albrecht.jpg> 27 Oct. 2013.<ambassadors.net/archives/images/dagamamap.gif> 27 Oct. 2013ConclusionExploration impacted the world greatly. Not only did it bring people out of the Dark Ages, exploration also opened up a path for exchanges. Whether it was exchanges in goods, culture, diseases, crops, or animals, without the Age of Exploration, life wouldn't be the same.<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg> 27 Oct. 20131418: Started first school for oceanic navigation1419: Funded interested sailorsFind way around Africa to India (unsuccessful)West African Coast, gold and slave trade1444: 200 slaves to PortugalDeath, exploration slow for ~20 years<http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z38l6vLgd7Y/URmeFaAtUSI/AAAAAAAAQ6k/kkK5kbHgwig/s1600/magellan_14728_lg.gif> 29 Oct. 2013<http://e08595.medialib.glogster.com/media/91/9165bdde852230608a3f9cb19e9526737691e4716592084d7e458f396f2abecf/magellan-route-png.png> 29 Oct. 2013IntoductionWorks CitedAli McGeeButler, Chris. "Early Voyages of Exploration (1400 - 1550)." The Flow of History. The Flow of History, 2007. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. <http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/west/12/fc81>.

Kreis, Steven. "Lecture 2: The Age of Discovery." The History Guide. N.p., 2 May 2011. Web. 2 Oct. 2013. <http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture2c.html>.

Widmer, Ted. "Navigating the Age of Exploration." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Oct. 2013. <https://www.gilderlehrman.org>.

Bailey GrahamAronson, Marc, and John W. Glenn. The World Made New: Why the Age of Exploration Happened & How It Changed the World. Washington D.C.: National Geographic, 2007. Print."The Great Explorers." TimeRef.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. <http://www.timeref.com/thr00024.htm>.