This article uses the supply and demand model as a framework for understanding the factors underlying the recruitment and retention of teachers. Teachers’ choices and their related preferences affect the supply of teachers and the actions of schools and districts affect the demand for teachers. The supply and demand for teachers come together to create the composition of the current teacher workforce. The article concludes by highlighting common policy approaches to advancing recruitment and retention goals in schools and districts and summarizes the current research, estimating the effectiveness of these policies.