Learning through the consequences of voluntary behaviorInvolves learning voluntary responses to stimuli through consequences of previous experiences-strengthened if followed by reinforcement and diminished if followed by punishment(examples are...Prejudice, biofeedback, superstitious behavior)

Reinforcement

strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recurA response that follows a behavior that results in an increase in a response

Punishment

weakens a response and makes it less likely to recurA response that follows a behavior that results in a decrease in a response

Law of effect

Thorndike's rule that the probability of an action being repeated is strengthened when it is followed by a pleasant or satisfying consequence

Primary reinforcers

Stimuli that satisfies a biological need.stimuli that increase the probability of a response because they satisfy an unlearned, biological need

Secondary reinforcers

Stimuli that have acquired learned value.stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their learned value

Positive reinforcement

Adding (or presenting) a stimulus, which strengthens a response and makes it ore likely to recur

Negative reinforcement

taking a away (or removing) a stimulus, which strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur

Premack principle

using a naturally occurring high-frequency response to reinforce and increase low-frequency responses

Continuous reinforcement

every correct response is reinforced

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced

Fixed ratio (FR) schedule

reinforcement occurs after a predetermined set of responses; the ratio (number or amount) is fixed(response)