The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related complications is currently taking epidemic proportions. These complications increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.

It is important to gain insight in the mechanisms underlying obesity-related complications, because this may lead to the development of directed therapeutic strategies.

Currently, there is significant evidence that the cause of both insulin resistance and hypertension must be sought at the level of the microcirculation.

Over activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a potential cause of microvascular dysfunction. Angiotensin II was indeed found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated hypertension and insulin resistance, possibly through interference with the vascular effects of insulin.

Increased aldosterone levels have also been associated with resistant hypertension and insulin resistance, which is illustrated in patients with primary aldosteronism. Furthermore, aldosterone is known to exert several detrimental effects on the vasculature, some of which are offset by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.

In obese individuals, plasma aldosterone concentrations are increased as well. We hypothesize that increased aldosterone levels in adipose persons induce microvascular dysfunction, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and hypertension, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism results in improved insulin sensitivity and decreased blood pressure by counteracting the adverse effects of aldosterone on the microvasculature.

Further study details as provided by Maastricht University Medical Center:

Primary Outcome Measures:

Change in capillary recruitment (insulin-induced increase in microvascular blood volume in skeletal muscle) from baseline after 4 weeks of Eplerenone treatment or placebo [ Time Frame: Change from baseline after 4 weeks of treatment with either Eplerenone or placebo ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

The difference in microvascular blood volume in skeletal muscle of the forearm, which is assessed with contrast enhanced ultrasound, before and during a hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp (performed to determine insulin sensitivity)

Use of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering or glucose-lowering medications,

Use of corticosteroids, medication known to inhibit or induce CYP3A4, lithium, and tricyclic antidepressants or antipsychotic medication, and regular use (weekly or several times a week) of NSAIDs

Plasma potassium levels < 3.2 mmol/L or > 5 mmol/L

eGFR < 60 mL/min

Impairment of hepatic function

Pregnancy or lactation

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Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01887119