Which of the following series best reflects what we know about how the flu virus moves between species?

An animal such as a pigi s infected with more than one virus, genetic recombination occurs, the new virus mutates and is passed to a new species such as a bird, the virus mutates and can be transmitted to humans.

Poliovirus is a positive-sense RNA virus of the picornavirus group. At its 5' end, the RNA genome has a viral protein (VPg) instead of a 5' cap. This is followed by a nontranslated leader sequence, and then a single long protein coding region (-7000 nucleotides), followed by a poly-A tail. Observations were made that used radioactive amino acids result in labeling of only very long proteins, while longer periods of labeling result in several different short polypeptides.What part of the poliovirus would first interact with host cell ribosomes to mediate translation?

Poliovirus is a positive-sense RNA virus of the picornavirus group. At its 5' end, the RNA genome has a viral protein (VPg) instead of a 5' cap. This is followed by a nontranslated leader sequence, and then a single long protein coding region (-7000 nucleotides), followed by a poly-A tail. Observations were made that used radioactive amino acids result in labeling of only very long proteins, while longer periods of labeling result in several different short polypeptides.What conclusion is most consistent with the results of the radioactive labeling experiment?

The RNA is only translated into a single long polypeptide, which is then cleaved into shorter ones.

The herpes viruses are very important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in all vertebrate species and in some invertebrates such as oysters. Some of the human ones are herpes simplex (HSV) I and II, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella-zoster (VSV), causing chicken pox and shingles. Each of these three actively infect nervous tissue. Primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. The virus can then reactivate, replicate again, and be infectious to others. If scientists are trying to use what they know about HSV to devise a means of protecting other people from being infected, which of the following would have the best chance of lowering the number of new cases of infection?