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When bacteria take up DNA fragments from the fluid surrounding a cell, it is called

transformation

When a virus transfers a fragment of DNA from one bacterial host to another, it is called:

transduction

When two bacterial cells come together, and pass a DNA fragment from one cell to another, it is called:

conjugation

When a new DNA fragment is integrated into a bacterial cell, the new DNA:

replaces the equivalent portion of the old DNA

A small circular DNA molecule in bacteria that is separate from the larger bacterial chromosome is called:

a plasmid

When a plasmid carries extra genes to another cell, it is acting as:

a vector

In many bacteria, genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on:

R plasmids

Which of the following human activities has contributed to an increase in the number of bacteria having R plasmids?

both A and B are correct
A. heavy use of antibiotics in medicine
B. use of antibiotics as agricultural feed supplements

Which of the following is a step in creating a recombinant bacterium?

all of the above
A. A DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is inserted into the plasmid, producing recombinant DNA.
B. The bacterium is allowed to take up the plasmid by transformation.
C. The genetically engineered, recombinant bacterium is then cloned to generate many copies of the gene.
D. The bacteria can produce proteins from the gene, and the proteins can be harvested.

Which of the following is a possible use of recombinant bacteria?

all of the above
A. A gene for pest resistance can be inserted into plants.
B. A gene can be used to create a strain of bacteria that can clean up toxic waste.
C. Large amounts of protein can be produced that will help dissolve blood clots in heart attack therapy.
D. Large amounts of protein can be produced that can be used to make snow form at higher temperature.

The goal of the Human Genome Project is to:

map human DNA and identify the location of all genes

When bacteria take up DNA fragments from the fluid surrounding a cell, it is called

transformation

When a virus transfers a fragment of DNA from one bacterial host to another, it is called:

transduction

When two bacterial cells come together, and pass a DNA fragment from one cell to another, it is called:

conjugation

When a new DNA fragment is integrated into a bacterial cell, the new DNA:

replaces the equivalent portion of the old DNA

A small circular DNA molecule in bacteria that is separate from the larger bacterial chromosome is called:

a plasmid

When a plasmid carries extra genes to another cell, it is acting as:

a vector

In many bacteria, genes that confer resistance to antibiotics are carried on:

R plasmids

Which of the following human activities has contributed to an increase in the number of bacteria having R plasmids?

both A and B are correct
A. heavy use of antibiotics in medicine
B. use of antibiotics as agricultural feed supplements

Which of the following is a step in creating a recombinant bacterium?

all of the above
A. A DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is inserted into the plasmid, producing recombinant DNA.
B. The bacterium is allowed to take up the plasmid by transformation.
C. The genetically engineered, recombinant bacterium is then cloned to generate many copies of the gene.
D. The bacteria can produce proteins from the gene, and the proteins can be harvested.

Which of the following is a possible use of recombinant bacteria?

all of the above
A. A gene for pest resistance can be inserted into plants.
B. A gene can be used to create a strain of bacteria that can clean up toxic waste.
C. Large amounts of protein can be produced that will help dissolve blood clots in heart attack therapy.
D. Large amounts of protein can be produced that can be used to make snow form at higher temperature.

Restriction enzymes:

cut DNA at specific sites

Sticky ends" are:

single-stranded regions of DNA with unpaired nucleotides

After being cut with a restriction enzyme, the DNA fragments are "pasted" back together with:

DNA ligase

DNA ligase binds:

nucleotides together

The feature of "sticky ends" that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to:

form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA

A collection of cloned DNA fragments obtained while creating recombinant bacteria is called:

a genomic library

Which of the following can serve as DNA vectors for genetic recombination

both A and C are correct
bacterial plasmids
phages

What enzyme is used to create a strand of DNA from RNA?

reverse transcriptase

An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that:

the resulting DNA strand will lack introns

A probe is:

a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to find a specific gene