2018-08-15T02:17:12Zhttp://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=4502011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352 -hypergroups and  -semihypergroups associated to binary relationsD.HeidariB.DavvazThe concept of  -semihypergroups is a generalization of semigroups, a generalization of semihypergroups and a generalization of  -semigroups. In this paper, we study the concept of semiprime ideals in a  -semihypergroup and prove some results. Also, we introduce the notion of  -hypergroups and closed  -subhypergroups. Finally, we study the concept of  -semihypergroups associated to binary relations and give necessary and sufficient conditions on a set of binary relations  on a non-empty set S such that S becomes a  -semihypergroup or a  -hypergrouphypergroupsemihypergroup -semigroup -semihypergroupbinary relation201108016980http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2130_87c2127ceaf5eff87e853ab29e370914.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352A new edge detection method based on the analytic signal of tilt angle (ASTA) for magnetic and gravity anomaliesA. H.AnsariK.AlamdarIn order to obtain maximum information from magnetic and gravity anomaly maps, application of an edgedetection method is necessary. In this regard two commonly used methods are derivative filters and local phase filters. In this paper, a MATLAB code is expanded to combine an analytic signal filter and a tilt angle filter as a new edge detection filter called ASTA filter. This method was demonstrated on synthetic magnetic data from 3 models and also on real magnetic and gravity data from southwest England. Findings show that the boundaries of a causative body are enhanced more accurately using this new filter, compared with other edge detection filters. The source code in MATLAB format is available from the authors on request.Magnetic anomalygravity anomalyedge detectionderivative filterslocal phaseASTAsouthwest
England201108018188http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2131_2e011a147fbfac9f2c2f944c64e7bf8b.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352Regarding the Kähler-Einstein structure on Cartan spaces with Berwald connectionE.PeyghanA.AhmadiA.TayebiA Cartan manifold is a smooth manifold M whose slit cotangent bundle 0T *M is endowed with a regularHamiltonian K which is positively homogeneous of degree 2 in momenta. The Hamiltonian K defines a (pseudo)-Riemannian metric ij g in the vertical bundle over 0 T *M and using it, a Sasaki type metric on 0 T *M is constructed. A natural almost complex structure is also defined by K on 0 T *M in such a way that pairing it with the Sasaki type metric an almost Kähler structure is obtained. In this paper we deform ij g to a pseudo-Riemannian metric ij G and we define a corresponding almost complex Kähler structure. We determine the Levi-Civita connection of G and compute all the components of its curvature. Then we prove that if the structure ( , , ) 0 T *M G J is Kähler- Einstein, then the Cartan structure given by K reduces to a Riemannianone.Cartan spaceKähler structuresymmetric spaceEinstein manifoldLaplace operatorDivergenceGradient201108018999http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2132_4fa62841602c5c773b2e2a0608226987.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352Environmental impacts of natural contaminants and mining activities on the surface and agricultural soils in the Aq-Darreh river watershed, Takab, West Azerbaijan Province, NW IranY.RahimsouriA.YaghubpurS.ModabberiS.AlipourThe concentrations of potentially toxic elements (As, Sb, and Hg) and some trace elements in 36 topsoil samples and 18 agricultural soil samples were measured at the Aq-Darreh River watershed, NW Iran. Based on the results of the chemical analysis and comparing them with different standards, it seems that the soils of the Aq-Darreh River watershed are polluted with As and Sb. This pollution results from geochemical background (natural contamination) and mining activities. Geochemical background values in topsoil and agricultural soils were estimated for As (429.7 ppm and 98.8 ppm), Sb (79.02 ppm and 3.98 ppm), and Hg (356 ppb and 2596 ppb). This research also indicates that mining activities have played a significant role in soil pollution and increasing As, Sb and Hg concentration in topsoils and As and Sb in agricultural soils. Results of sequential leaches and XRD analyses of both soil types showed that most of the As concentration is bound to amorphous iron hydroxides in soils, while Sb and Hg are bound to resistant minerals such as stibnite and cinnabar. Clay and carbonate minerals have a lower adsorption of these pollutant elements in both topsoil and agricultural soils.Soil pollutionsequential leachesgeo-accumulation indexpollution sourcesAq-Darreh mining
districtIran20110801101111http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2133_f7f025c34f8070dbf5d5f3217f84fc9a.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352The measurement of returns to scale under a simultaneous occurrence of multiple solutions in a reference set and a supporting hyperplane with weight restrictionsM.Mardani ShahrbabakA. A.NouraSueyoshi and Sekitani in 2007 presented a paper that explores the measurement of Returns to Scale under a possible occurrence of multiple solution in a reference set and a supporting hyperplane. The occurrence ofmultiple solutions is classified into Type I and Type II. Type I is an occurrence of multiple solutions in a reference set. Type II is an occurrence of multiple solutions on a supporting hyperplane passing on the reference set. In this paper we want to apply their method for estimating RTS under weight restrictions. For this goal we use tone’s method for estimating RTS under weight restrictions.Data Envelopment Analysisreturns to scaleweight restrictions20110801113116http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2134_dfa6781febcacd5201e3a2f4acb3591a.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352Bivariations and tensor productsM. M.EbrahimiM.MahmoudiThe ordinary tensor product of modules is defined using bilinear maps (bimorphisms), that are linear in eachcomponent. keeping this in mind, Linton and Banaschewski with Nelson defined and studied the tensor product in an equational category and in a general (concrete) category K, respectively, using bimorphisms, that is, defined via the Hom-functor on K. Also, the so-called sesquilinear, or one and a half linear maps and the corresponding tensor products generalize these notions for modules and vector spaces. In this paper, taking a concrete category K and an arbitrary subfunctor H of the functor U¢ = Hom  (Uop ´U) rather than just the Hom-functor, where U is the underlying set functor on K, we generalize sesquilinearity to bivariation and study the related notions such as functional internal lifts, universal bivariants, tensor products, and their interdependence.Bilinearbivariancefunctional internal lifttensor product20110801117124http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2135_a485f282b420d36fbcc29ffa08ca4ba8.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352On Matsumoto metrics of special Ricci tensorB.RezaeiM.Rafie-RadIn this paper, the Matsumoto metric with special Ricci tensor has been investigated. It is proved that, if  is ofpositive (negative) sectional curvature and F is of  -parallel Ricci curvature with constant killing 1-form ,then (M,F) is a Riemannian Einstein space. In fact, we generalize the Riemannian result established by Akbar-Zadeh.Matsumoto metricRicci parallel tensorEinstein Finsler space20110801125130http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2136_0e19ba81a42c89479a32567c202f3ddd.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352Resource allocation in multi-server dynamic PERT networks using multi-objective programming and Markov processS.YaghoubiS.NooriM.BagherpourIn this research, both resource allocation and reactive resource allocation problems in multi-server dynamic PERT networks are analytically modeled, where new projects are expected to arrive according to a Poisson process, and activity durations are also known as independent random variables with exponential distributions. Such system is represented as a queuing network, where multi servers at each service station are allocated, and also each activity of a project is operated at a devoted service station with only one server located at a node of the network based on First Come First Serve (FCFS) policy. In order to propose a novel approach for modeling of multi-server dynamic PERT network, initially the network of queues is transformed into a stochastic network. Then, a differential equations system is organized to solve and obtain approximate completion time distribution for any particular project by applying an appropriate finite-state continuous-time Markov model. Finally, a multi-objective model including four conflicted objectives is presented to optimally control the resources allocated to the service stations in a multi-server dynamic PERT network, and the goal attainment method is further employed to solve a discretetime approximation of the primary multi-objective problem.Project managementMarkov processesmultiple objective programmingreactive resource allocation20110801131147http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2137_b0fc11f3acfd47be2b9473bfcf95e401.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352The Nehari manifold for a Navier boundary value problem involving the p-biharmonicN.NyamoradiIn this paper, we study the Nehari manifold and its application on the following Navier boundary valueproblem involving the p-biharmonic          0, on( ) 1 ( , ) , in , 2*2u uf x u u upu u p q where  is a bounded domain in RN with smooth boundary  . We prove that the problem has atleast two nontrivial nonnegtive solutions when the parameter  belongs to a certain subset of R .Multiple positive solutionsNehari manifoldcritical Sobolev exponent20110801149155http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2138_0554c0d4016795c1ca387551d2e2a89a.pdf2011-08-0110.22099Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences)Transaction A: Science1028-62761028-62762011352Freshwater green algae Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus enriched with B group of vitamins can enhance fecundity of Daphnia magnaN.MehdipourM.FallahiG.Azari TakamiG.VossoughiA.MashinchianOne of the most important aims of aquatic hatcheries is availability to mass produce of Daphnia magna as a live food with high nutritional value in the shortest time. In the present study, D. magna fed with two freshwater green algae species, Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus, enriched with different dosages of a mixture B group vitamins (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 ml.l-1) were compared at two stages (at the beginning of the culture and at the end of logarithmic growth phase). The results showed that increases in the B group vitamin levels in both enriched algae performed, increasing the fecundity and population growth rate in D. magna at the two compared stages, but significantly only with the control group (P0.05).Chlorella spScenedesmus obliquusDaphnia magna reproductive performance20110801157163http://ijsts.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2139_7ef6f918c5d2d3daab5a631bd06c7eb9.pdf