Thursday, August 1, 2013

Championship Finances 2011/12 - Numbers

Back in April I posted a summary of the 2011/12 Championship
finances on Twitter, but since then I have received a few requests to post them
in a blog as a useful resource for fans of those clubs, so here we go.

I’m not going to provide detailed analysis at this stage,
just the key figures from the accounts plus some graphs for comparisons against others.

All these figures have been taken from the clubs' published
accounts, though I have made a couple of presentational adjustments in order to
prepare like-for-like comparisons between clubs. In particular, not all clubs
use the same revenue classification, so I have had to make estimates on the
revenue split for Barnsley, Blackpool, Crystal Palace, Hull City and
Peterborough United (though obviously leaving the total revenue unchanged).

The split should be reasonably accurate, given that the
Championship TV distributions are the same for all clubs (excluding parachute
payments), while match day revenue has been estimated based on factors like
average attendances.

In such comparisons, there is also the question of which
accounts to use, as some clubs have more than one set, e.g. accounts for the
football club and a holding company. I have opted for the accounts that have
been most widely publicised, i.e. on the club website or in the local press,
but appreciate that this may cause some differences in the rankings.

Obviously, the 2011/12figures are now a whole season out-of-date, but this is the last year in
which clubs have published their accounts, so it is the latest available, if
not the greatest.

Finally, neither Coventry City nor Portsmouth published
accounts in 2011/12, due to their ongoing financial difficulties. May they
enjoy better times in the future.

Despite all these caveats, I hope that the comparisons are
still of some use.

Overview

An overview (in alphabetical order) of the club's profit and
loss accounts.

Profit/(Loss) before Tax

Only six (out of 24) clubs made profits before tax in
2011/12: Birmingham City and Blackpool led the way with around £16 million,
followed by Peterborough £4 million, Burnley £3 million, then Leeds United
& Barnsley just breaking even.

Profit/(Loss) after Tax

A similar story for profit/losses after tax, though
Middlesbrough benefited from £3 million of tax credits, while Blackpool's £4
million tax bill brought their net profit down to £12 million.

Revenue

The highest revenue came from: West Ham £46 million,
Birmingham City £39 million, Leeds United £31 million, Blackpool £29 million,
Hull City £24 million andBurnley
£23 million. At the other end of the spectrum, two clubs generated less than
£10 million: Barnsley and Doncaster Rovers.

Revenue (excluding parachute payments)

Of course, those total revenue figures are heavily influence
by parachute payments received when clubs are relegated from the Premier
League. If these were to be excluded, a slightly different picture emerges with
Leeds United top of the pile. West Ham and Birmingham Cityare still right up there, but are then
followed by Leicester City, Southampton and Brighton.

This disparity will be even more evident from next season
(2013/14), when the parachute payments will increase by 23% from £48 million to
£59 million (over four years). That will be split as follows: £23 million in
year one, £18 million in year two, then £9 million in years three and four.

Note – Reading’s “Other Revenue” refers to income from their
hotel.

Match Day Revenue

Only three clubs earned more than £10 million revenue (West
Ham £13.6 million, Southampton £11.8 million and LeedsUnited £11.4 million).

Media Revenue

The clear importance of parachute payments is again
highlighted here. Most clubs receive the same annual sums from the Football
League pool (£2.5 million) and Premier League solidarity payment (£2.2
million). It should be noted that clubs receiving parachute payments do not also receive solidarity
payments.

Commercial Revenue

Perhaps unsurprisingly, the highest commercial revenue came from traditional, long established clubs like Leeds United £14.4
million, West Ham £12.8 million, Birmingham City £8.8 million, though they were closely followed by the ambitious Brighton £8.6
million.

Profit on Player Sales

Only two clubs made more than £10 million from player sales:
Birmingham City £21.7 million and Southampton £12.4 million. Following
relegation, Birmingham “had to raise funds through the sale of players”,
including Roger Johnson, Craig Gardner, Liam Ridgewell and Jean Beausejour.
Indeed, without these player sales, the Blues would actually have reported a
loss in 2011/12.

It is interesting how important profit from player sales can be to a club's business model with earnings from this activity worth more than 50% of a club's recurring revenue at four clubs: Birmingham, Southampton, Watford and Peterborough.

Wages

West Ham had by far the highest wage bill at £42 million,
followed by Southampton £29 million, Leicester City £28 million, Reading £27
million, Birmingham City £25 million and Middlesbrough £22 million.

So the three promoted clubs in 2011/12 had the highest,
second highest and fourth highest wage bills. Make of that what you will.

Given the massive financial prizes available on promotion to
the Premier League, this willingness to push the boat out is understandable to
a certain extent, but is also one of the reasons that Championship clubs have
embraced Financial Fair Play

At the other extreme, fans of Blackpool (42%) and Leeds
United (57%) might feel that their clubs could have shown a little more
ambition. Peterborough's low 57% ratio reflects their sustainable business model.

Other Expenses

Excluding wages, the highest other expenses were reported by
West Ham £26 million, Leicester City £19 million and Birmingham City £18 million,
largely due to higher player amortisation (the annual charge for writing-off
players’ transfer fees).

In terms of other expenses excluding player amortisation and
depreciation, Leeds United and Brighton were easily the highest at £14 million, largely due to high stadium costs.

Debt

In comparison to their annual revenue, many clubs have
significant debt, though it is invariably provided by the owners, as opposed to the bank: Brighton £120 million,
Leicester £86 million, Nottingham Forest £85 million, West Ham £73 million,
Ipswich Town £73 million and Cardiff City £72 million.

Net Interest Payable

The highest net interest payable recorded in the accounts
were from Leicester City £5.3 million, Ipswich Town £3.5 million, Cardiff City
£3.3 million, West Ham £3.2 million and Hull City £2.1 million. It should be
noted that interest paid is not necessarily equal to the interest payable
figure in the profit and loss account, as it is sometimes only added to debt
(and so not actually paid), as was the case with Leicester, Ipswich and Cardiff.

Furthermore, the debt at some clubs is interest-free, e.g. Brighton.

Attendances

For the sake of completeness, I have included average
attendances, though most clubs do not formally publish these figures in their
accounts. These figures have been taken from the excellent Soccerway site and show some pretty solid attendances in England's second tier with West Ham attracting nearly 31,000.

That concludes the voting of the Swiss jury for the
financial overview of the Championship in the 2011/12 season. Numbers on their
own are not that interesting (unless Soft Cell are singing about them) and are
certainly not meant to suggest that one club is, in some way, “better” than
another club.

That said, a club’s finances often go a long way to predicting
how the team will fare on the pitch, so they’re not to be completely ignored
either, especially with the Championship implementing its own version of financial fair play.

As a fellow Brit abroad in Switzerland thank you very much for the analysis. Very interesting to see the comparisons.As a Birmingham fan our financial state is a big concern so I look forward to see how we compare next year where we can't make all our money from player sales!!!

Thanks for sharing this information. It provides a great insight into the financial health of the Championship. As an aside, it demonstrates how advantaged are those former PL clubs who are benefiting from parachute payments compared to others.

I'm interested in seeing the equivalent analysis for Div 1 teams. Have you any plans to undertake one?

Praise for The Swiss Ramble

"Blogger of the Year 2013 - It’s testament to the effect that Kieron has had on the blogosphere that so many fans take his word as gospel. Putting to use his career in the world of finance, his insights into balance sheets and simple explanations of complex ideas appeal to the hardcore financial whizz and casual fan alike." - The Football Supporters' Federation