Description

Utility functions for properties of water and steam.

Usage

1
2
3

Arguments

property

character, property to calculate

T

numeric, temperature (K)

P

numeric, pressure (units of bar, except MPa for water.AW90)

state

character, state or phase of \H2O

trace

integer number

rho

numeric, density (kg m^-3)

Details

Auxiliary equations to the IAPWS-95 formulation (Wagner and Pruß, 2002) are provided in WP02.auxiliary.
The property for this function can be one of P.sigma (saturation vapor pressure in MPa), dP.sigma.dT (derivative of saturation vapor pressure with respect to temperature), or rho.liquid or rho.vapor (density of liquid or vapor in kg m^-3).

rho.IAPWS95 implements a root-finding technique (using uniroot) to determine the values of density for the stable phase of \H2O at the given temperature and pressure.
The state option is used internally in order to determine the stable phase at conditions close to saturation (0.9999*Psat <= P <= 1.00005*Psat, where Psat is the saturation pressure calculated by WP02.auxiliary).
Alternatively, the user can specify a state of liquid or vapor to force the calculation of density for the corresponding phase, even if it is metastable (e.g. superheated water, supercooled steam; this option has no effect in the supercritical region).
The state is set in calls by water.IAPWS95 to the value in thermo$opt$IAPWS.sat (default liquid) so that higher-level functions (water, subcrt) take properties for that state along the saturation curve.
Diagnostic messages are printed if trace is positive (it is also included in the call to uniroot).

water.AW90 provides values of the static dielectric constant (diel) calculated using equations given by Archer and Wang, 1990.