Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

79

Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

66

Law and Government — Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

65

English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

58

Therapy and Counseling — Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.

56

Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.

51

Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

49

Clerical — Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

48

Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

47

Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.

40

Communications and Media — Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

36

Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Philosophy and Theology — Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.

28

Foreign Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.

25

Fine Arts — Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.

Transportation — Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.

19

Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

17

Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

17

History and Archeology — Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.

17

Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

15

Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.

13

Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.

13

Economics and Accounting — Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.

13

Sales and Marketing — Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.

12

Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

8

Geography — Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.

3

Food Production — Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

78

Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

75

Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

72

Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

69

Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

69

Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

66

Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

63

Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

63

Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

60

Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

60

Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

60

Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

56

Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.

56

Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).

53

Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

53

Gross Body Coordination — The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.

53

Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.

50

Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.

50

Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

50

Stamina — The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.

50

Trunk Strength — The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

47

Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.

47

Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.

Memorization — The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.

41

Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.

41

Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.

38

Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.

35

Auditory Attention — The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.

35

Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

35

Dynamic Strength — The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.

35

Visual Color Discrimination — The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.

31

Explosive Strength — The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.

31

Hearing Sensitivity — The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.

31

Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.

28

Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.

25

Depth Perception — The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.

25

Response Orientation — The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.

25

Speed of Limb Movement — The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

19

Reaction Time — The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.

13

Spatial Orientation — The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

71

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

70

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

67

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

67

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.

59

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.

39

Selling or Influencing Others — Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.

35

Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.

Maintain inventories of materials, equipment, or products.

Order instructional or library materials or equipment.

28

Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Physical Proximity — To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?

75

Very close (near touching)

16

Moderately close (at arm's length)

Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?

56

A lot of freedom

38

Some freedom

Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?

56

A lot of freedom

41

Some freedom

Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?

65

Every day

19

Once a week or more but not every day

13

Once a month or more but not every week

Spend Time Standing — How much does this job require standing?

48

Continually or almost continually

39

More than half the time

13

About half the time

Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?

59

Constant contact with others

25

Contact with others most of the time

Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?

47

Extremely important

31

Very important

13

Important

Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?

53

Every day

20

Once a week or more but not every day

17

Never

Spend Time Walking and Running — How much does this job require walking and running?

29

Continually or almost continually

32

More than half the time

23

About half the time

16

Less than half the time

Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?

23

Extremely important

43

Very important

17

Important

Duration of Typical Work Week — Number of hours typically worked in one week.

41

More than 40 hours

48

40 hours

Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?

19

Every day

41

Once a week or more but not every day

25

Once a month or more but not every week

13

Once a year or more but not every month

Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?

35

Every day

26

Once a week or more but not every day

13

Once a month or more but not every week

19

Never

Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?

35

Once a week or more but not every day

45

Once a month or more but not every week

Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?

13

Every day

31

Once a week or more but not every day

34

Once a month or more but not every week

22

Once a year or more but not every month

Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?

31

Every day

16

Once a week or more but not every day

19

Once a month or more but not every week

19

Once a year or more but not every month

16

Never

Exposed to Disease or Infections — How often does this job require exposure to disease/infections?

31

Every day

19

Once a week or more but not every day

16

Once a month or more but not every week

13

Once a year or more but not every month

22

Never

Frequency of Conflict Situations — How often are there conflict situations the employee has to face in this job?

23

Once a week or more but not every day

47

Once a month or more but not every week

17

Once a year or more but not every month

Deal With Physically Aggressive People — How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals?

40

Once a week or more but not every day

20

Once a month or more but not every week

17

Once a year or more but not every month

13

Never

Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — How do the decisions an employee makes impact the results of co-workers, clients or the company?

13

Very important results

31

Important results

25

Moderate results

22

Minor results

Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?

23

Very high responsibility

27

High responsibility

23

Limited responsibility

17

No responsibility

Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?

13

Extremely important

25

Very important

25

Important

22

Fairly important

16

Not important at all

Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — How often does this job require working outdoors, exposed to all weather conditions?

35

Once a week or more but not every day

19

Once a month or more but not every week

13

Once a year or more but not every month

23

Never

Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?

13

Continually or almost continually

23

More than half the time

23

About half the time

29

Less than half the time

13

Never

Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in non-controlled environmental conditions (e.g., warehouse without heat)?

20

Every day

27

Once a week or more but not every day

23

Once a year or more but not every month

27

Never

Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements?

30

Once a week or more but not every day

27

Once a month or more but not every week

30

Once a year or more but not every month

Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — How much does this job require bending or twisting your body?

19

More than half the time

22

About half the time

47

Less than half the time

Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?

25

Highly competitive

38

Moderately competitive

25

Slightly competitive

13

Not at all competitive

Public Speaking — How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?

23

Every day

16

Once a month or more but not every week

55

Once a year or more but not every month

Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — How much does this job require kneeling, crouching, stooping or crawling?

26

More than half the time

29

About half the time

29

Less than half the time

13

Never

Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?

19

Very important

34

Important

22

Fairly important

22

Not important at all

Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — How much does this job require keeping or regaining your balance?

13

Continually or almost continually

13

More than half the time

13

About half the time

45

Less than half the time

16

Never

Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?

20

High responsibility

30

Moderate responsibility

23

Limited responsibility

23

No responsibility

Outdoors, Under Cover — How often does this job require working outdoors, under cover (e.g., structure with roof but no walls)?

22

Once a week or more but not every day

16

Once a month or more but not every week

16

Once a year or more but not every month

38

Never

Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?

22

More than half the time

44

Less than half the time

19

Never

Consequence of Error — How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?

16

Very serious

13

Serious

38

Fairly serious

25

Not serious at all

Exposed to Contaminants — How often does this job require working exposed to contaminants (such as pollutants, gases, dust or odors)?

13

Once a week or more but not every day

19

Once a month or more but not every week

19

Once a year or more but not every month

39

Never

Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — How often does this job require exposure to minor burns, cuts, bites, or stings?

26

Once a month or more but not every week

35

Once a year or more but not every month

26

Never

Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?

13

Very important

22

Important

34

Fairly important

28

Not important at all

Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — How often does this job require working in cramped work spaces that requires getting into awkward positions?

16

Once a week or more but not every day

19

Once a month or more but not every week

13

Once a year or more but not every month

48

Never

Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — How often does this job require working in extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions?

13

Once a week or more but not every day

13

Once a month or more but not every week

31

Once a year or more but not every month

41

Never

Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — How often does this job require working in very hot (above 90 F degrees) or very cold (below 32 F degrees) temperatures?

16

Once a week or more but not every day

13

Once a month or more but not every week

38

Once a year or more but not every month

34

Never

In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in a closed vehicle or equipment (e.g., car)?

16

Every day

69

Never

Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?

77

Less than half the time

19

Never

Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?

19

Once a year or more but not every month

72

Never

Work Schedules — How regular are the work schedules for this job?

13

Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration)

84

Regular (established routine, set schedule)

Degree of Automation — How automated is the job?

16

Slightly automated

77

Not at all automated

Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?

94

Never

Exposed to High Places — How often does this job require exposure to high places?

13

Once a year or more but not every month

87

Never

Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — How much does this job require climbing ladders, scaffolds, or poles?

90

Never

Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — How much does this job require wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection?

13

Once a year or more but not every month

88

Never

Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — How often does this job require exposure to hazardous equipment?

94

Never

Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — How often does this job require exposure to whole body vibration (e.g., operate a jackhammer)?

94

Never

Exposed to Radiation — How often does this job require exposure to radiation?

97

Never

In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — How often does this job require working in an open vehicle or equipment (e.g., tractor)?

97

Never

Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.)

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Related Experience

A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.

Job Training

Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.

Credentials

Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.

50

Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.

33

Enterprising — Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.

28

Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.

22

Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.

17

Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.

Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.

83

Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.

67

Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.

61

Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.

50

Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

47

Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.

Wages & Employment Trends

Median wages data collected from Special Education Teachers, All Other.Employment data collected from Special Education Teachers, All Other.Industry data collected from Special Education Teachers, All Other.