The district court judges stopped short of speculating on Ross' motivations, but there could have been several:

- Voting Rights Act enforcement: The question would arm Justice Department officials with data on where noncitizens live, which could help them determine that minorities comprise not just a majority of people but a majority of eligible voters in a particular district.

No. The odious really couldn't give a damn anymore. Waning protests against states' tests of ID and signatures, for example, is the direct result of the SCOTUS ruling of Shelby vs. Holder [US Atty General, Eric] (2013) which dispensed with § 4, §5 of the act of 1965, authorizing fed surveillance of states' violations against and remedies benefiting black voters, the largest ethnic minority of eligible voters in the USfuckingA. Enter 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, "diversifying" the electorate.

-Congressional apportionment: The question would reduce census response rates among noncitizens, which could cost California, Texas, Florida, New York, Illinois and Arizona seats in Congress.

-Redistricting: Information on noncitizens would help state legislatures that seek to restrict voting rights, such as Texas and North Carolina, to draw new districts in 2022 based on citizen voting-age population, rather than total population. The states could pack more people into districts with greater non-voting residents, diminishing their representation.

The odious front-loaded the electorate with naive cohorts along side 15th Amd. VRA and CRA remedies for certain disenfranchised citizens, then tried to clean up. Notice the count discrepancies, abstentions. The bill was extremely contentious in its time, so much so one may imagine WHY LOC has since limited web search of Recorded Votes to a rolling set, current session (116th) - 15. That is how to control information and knowledge of government, not to mention one's part in it or the Census, Department of Commerce.

No questions in the press feature, no problems about the legitimacy of collecting name, "race or ethnicity," SS#, or income bracket, lo, these many decades. What a mystery!

Yousuf Abdelfatah already knows the answer he'll give about his race on the 2020 census questionnaire will be wrong.

He's an Arab American, but the only race options on the census are white, black, Asian and categories for American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander. Reluctantly, Abdelfatah will mark white.

"If you look at me, my skin is darker, I'm visibly [!] not white," said the 22-year-old research assistant. "I've lived my life as a person of color, but I'm categorized as white."

There is no such race category in USA. In the 80s, responding to agitated persons speaking Spanish, OMB developed questionnaire "content" to capture respondents' ethnicities (country of origin and dominant language) which is about the same time, idiomatically, persons with distinctive "immigrant" heritage began hyphenating US nationality. Since Census 2010 respondents have earned even more opportunities to express "intersectional" race and ethnicity identity!

"Right now we have that 'white' designation on paper but we don't benefit [!] from it," said 24-year-old activist and organizer Naia Al-Anbar. "The truth is we aren't ever going to be white in their eyes and we will still be discriminated against."

Congratulations! More semitic language speakers than ever -whether European, Middle Eastern, and North African heritage-- are compering for "diversity" grants and rare employment opportunities reserved for Women and minorities, although mutually exclusive classes of "protected persons" leave many youngsters uncertain which combination of identity is most advantageous. The least advantageous is a no brainer.

This question would discourage 30% of Arab Americans from taking the survey, a study by the American-Arab Anti-Defamation Committee found.

Keep up the great work chasing your tail. Oppose discrimination. But don't give up racism! Embrace it. Stroke it. Someday you, and only you, will receive personalized access to the top quintile and AI-calculated Freedom to Be A Productive Citizen from the Hamilton! Memorial Manumission Society.