Evolutionary models propose that women are more affected by emotional infidelity than by sexual infidelity. The associated psychological mechanisms would have evolved during the hunter-gatherer phase of our phylogenetic history and would be a response to a woman’s need to secure exclusive access to the economic resources provided by her mate. The economic situation of women has changed considerably since then, many women being financially independent. In the present study we test the hypothesis that financially independent women are less intensively jealous, or become less rapidly jealous, compared to women who rely financially on their husband. We also assess whether the number of children, or certain personality traits, affect jealousy. Our sample included 60 women and the data were obtained through questionnaires featuring fictional situations. Our results do not support the main hypothesis; the various subgroups of women were jealous at comparable levels. We discuss various factors that might account for these findings, including the possibility that other aspects of the relationship might have concealed the effect of a woman’s economic situation. We also found significant differences in the intensity of jealousy according to the identity of the husband’s fictional partner (old versus new girlfriend). These results are also discussed in an evolutionary perspective.