7186: Who
was the first khaleefah and what is the story of Ghadeer Khum?

cause i am bit confused regarding this matter so what does shia's believe that hazrat "ali" is a first caliphate and we sunnis say that hazrat"abbubakar " is the first caliphate.so u better tell who is the first caliphate and what is the that will which prophet "mohammed"(peace be upon him) want to give to his kinsmen and what is the event take place at ghadeer .

Praise be to Allaah.

The
first khaleefah who succeeded the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) was Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq (may Allaah be
pleased with him), according to the consensus of the respected scholars,
because of the consensus of the Sahaabah who all gave their bay’ah
(allegiance) to him. This was after an initial dispute between the
Muhaajireen and Ansaar, then the Ansaar were convinced and gave their
bay’ah to Abu Bakr, and they did not differ amongst themselves, and they
did not hesitate in making a choice between Abu Bakr and ‘Ali (may
Allaah be pleased with them both). None of the Sahaabah asked to give
bay’ah to ‘Ali after Abu Bakr and before ‘Umar (may Allaah be
pleased with him), and no one asked to give bay’ah to ‘Ali after
‘Umar – may Allaah be pleased with them all. The fitnah and
differences arose because of the murder of ‘Uthmaan (may Allaah be
pleased with him). The Sahaabah (may Allaah be pleased with them) accepted
for their worldly affairs the one whom the Messenger of Allaah had
accepted for their religious affairs, the one who had acted as the deputy
of the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) in leading the prayers [when he was unable to do so – i.e., Abu
Bakr].

With
regard to what happened at Ghadeer: Ghadeer is the name of a well in a
place between Makkah and Madeenah which is called Khum. The hadeeth was
narrated by Imaam Muslim in his Saheeh
(no. 2408) from Zayd ibn Arqam, who said: “The Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) stood up and addressed us one
day at a well called Khum, between Makkah and Madeenah. He praised Allaah
and exhorted and reminded us. Then he said: ‘I am leaving among you two
important things: the first of which is the Book of Allaah’ – and he
urged us to adhere to the Book of Allaah, then he said: ‘And the people
of my household (ahl bayti).
I remind you of Allaah with regard to the people of my household, I remind
you of Allaah with regard to the people of my household, I remind you of
Allaah with regard to the people of my household.’” Zayd said: his
wives are among the people of his household, but the people of his
household who are forbidden to receive sadaqah (charity) after his death
are the family of ‘Ali, the family of ‘Aqeel, the family of Ja’far
and the family of ‘Abbaas. All of these are forbidden to receive
sadaqah.” [abbreviated version].

His advice concerning the people of his household has to do with honouring
and respecting them, and not exposing them to abuse or annoyance. This
does not mean that they are to be given preference over others who are
known through the texts to be more virtuous than them, such as Abu Bakr,
‘Umar and ‘Uthmaan (may Allaah be pleased with them all).