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GitHub tutorial and basics

GitHub is a popular web based collaborative version control service. Officially launched to the public in April 2008, Github has since grown to become a significant open source community with well over 5 million users and 10 million repositories created since its inception.

DIFFICULTY

Basic - 1 | Medium - 2 | Advanced - 3

TIME REQUIRED

10 min

RELATED PRODUCTS

Linux-based VPS or dedicated servers
Linux-based shared hosting

As the name implies, GitHub's primary purpose of distributed software control management revolves around Git, the popular distributed revision control and source code management system. In addition to offering a graphical web-based interface for Git project management, GitHub offers a variety of useful features for any project or team.

Collaborative code review allows users to quickly view changes made across various commits or branches. Team members and even outside developers within the GitHub community can comment on commits, files, or even individual lines of code to highlight a particular topic or ask a question.

GitHub Flavored Markdown is a custom text syntax (based on standard Markdown) used across all of GitHub that allows users to easily convert their plain text entries into formatted HTML output. The GitHub Flavored spinoff adds a very simple autocomplete function for easily referencing issues (#), tasks (- [ ]), people (Username), and commits (SHA).

GitHub allows developers to establish teams across individual projects or entire organizations, allowing individual members to be given read, read-write, or even admin-level access to repositories. Entire teams can even be mentioned using GitHub Flavored Markdown (@repository/team), informing the entire team of the update.

GitHub currently supports syntax highlighting for over 200 programming languages and also has mobile access through an Android app and a mobile-optimized website.

Full issue-tracking software for each repository as well as associated wiki pages for projects that need more information made available round out the core features that GitHub brings to any enterprise.

Getting Started with GitHub

Install Git

Since GitHub accepts Git repositories, it is already assumed that you have Git installed locally for this tutorial. If you haven't used or installed Git yet, please check out our Git tutorial to find out how to get started with Git itself.

Register a GitHub Account

GitHub security and collaboration are tied directly to user accounts, so your first step is registering an account.

Create a GitHub Repository

Once signed in, click the + in the top-right corner and select New repository. While the repository name is the only required field, you may fill out the rest of the information as necessary then click Create repository. For this example we're creating a new repository named "my-repo."

Create a Local Git Repository

Upon creation, your front page of your repository will display quick setup commands to create a local Git repository and/or connect an existing local Git repository to your newly created "my-repo" GitHub repository.

$ touch README.md

$ git init

$ git add README.md

$ git commit -m "first commit"

$ git remote add origin https://github.com/USERNAME/my-repo.git

$ git push -u origin master

Simply follow the instructions you see in your local command line to generate your own local repository, add a remote host, and finally push your local Git repository up to GitHub.

Start by creating your local repository directory, adding a basic file for testing, and initializing Git:

$ mkdir ~/dev/my-repo

$ cd ~/dev/my-repo

$ cat > README.md

Press ctrl and C at the same time.

$ git init

Which returns:

Initialized empty Git repository in /root/dev/my-repo/.git/

Now add your new files to Git with the git add command and then commit that new file using the git commit -m command:

That's it! Your GitHub repository is now up and running and you can continue adding to it as needed or create virtually unlimited repositories for all your future projects on GitHub.

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