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Would you mind splitting your questions into two separate questions? It makes them easier to find if someone is searching for the answers later, since searches are heavily affected by titles. (as a bonus, more rep!)
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jkerian♦Mar 7 '13 at 5:51

Of course, I'll move the Negation related part into another question now.
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Jake LMar 7 '13 at 5:52

The word modulo is read モジュロ, while the abbreviation mod is read モッド. In many programming languages, the modulo operator is written with a symbol such as %, but it still represents either modulo or mod, so you could read the symbol either way.

Thank you for your answer, like I said on Ryo's answer I wish I could accept all of these, but I'll go with oldergod's answer simply because they also provided another way to read the formula which I am seeing a lot now that I know what I am looking for. Thank you for your time.
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Jake LMar 7 '13 at 7:29

Thank you for your answer, I wish I could accept all of these answers but I am going with oldergod's answer because now that I know what I am looking for I'm seeing aをbで割った余り more than aをbで割るところの余り.
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Jake LMar 7 '13 at 7:27