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Reflection in the .NET Framework

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The classes in the System.Reflection namespace, together with System.Type, enable you to obtain information about loaded assemblies and the types defined within them, such as classes, interfaces, and value types. You can also use reflection to create type instances at run time, and to invoke and access them. For topics about specific aspects of reflection, see Related Topics at the end of this overview.

The common language runtime loader manages application domains, which constitute defined boundaries around objects that have the same application scope. This management includes loading each assembly into the appropriate application domain and controlling the memory layout of the type hierarchy within each assembly.

Assemblies contain modules, modules contain types, and types contain members. Reflection provides objects that encapsulate assemblies, modules, and types. You can use reflection to dynamically create an instance of a type, bind the type to an existing object, or get the type from an existing object. You can then invoke the type's methods or access its fields and properties. Typical uses of reflection include the following:

Use Assembly to define and load assemblies, load modules that are listed in the assembly manifest, and locate a type from this assembly and create an instance of it.

Use Module to discover information such as the assembly that contains the module and the classes in the module. You can also get all global methods or other specific, nonglobal methods defined on the module.

Use ConstructorInfo to discover information such as the name, parameters, access modifiers (such as public or private), and implementation details (such as abstract or virtual) of a constructor. Use the GetConstructors or GetConstructor method of a Type to invoke a specific constructor.

Use MethodInfo to discover information such as the name, return type, parameters, access modifiers (such as public or private), and implementation details (such as abstract or virtual) of a method. Use the GetMethods or GetMethod method of a Type to invoke a specific method.

Use FieldInfo to discover information such as the name, access modifiers (such as public or private) and implementation details (such as static) of a field, and to get or set field values.

Use EventInfo to discover information such as the name, event-handler data type, custom attributes, declaring type, and reflected type of an event, and to add or remove event handlers.

Use PropertyInfo to discover information such as the name, data type, declaring type, reflected type, and read-only or writable status of a property, and to get or set property values.

Use ParameterInfo to discover information such as a parameter's name, data type, whether a parameter is an input or output parameter, and the position of the parameter in a method signature.

Use CustomAttributeData to discover information about custom attributes when you are working in the reflection-only context of an application domain. CustomAttributeData allows you to examine attributes without creating instances of them.

The classes of the System.Reflection.Emit namespace provide a specialized form of reflection that enables you to build types at run time.

Reflection can also be used to create applications called type browsers, which enable users to select types and then view the information about those types.

There are other uses for reflection. Compilers for languages such as JScript use reflection to construct symbol tables. The classes in the System.Runtime.Serialization namespace use reflection to access data and to determine which fields to persist. The classes in the System.Runtime.Remoting namespace use reflection indirectly through serialization.

Runtime Types in Reflection

Reflection provides classes, such as Type and MethodInfo, to represent types, members, parameters, and other code entities. However, when you use reflection you don't work directly with these classes, most of which are abstract (MustInherit in Visual Basic). Instead, you work with types provided by the common language runtime (CLR).

For example, when you use the C# typeof operator (GetType in Visual Basic) to obtain a Type object, the object is really a RuntimeType. RuntimeType derives from Type, and provides implementations of all the abstract methods.

These runtime classes are internal (Friend in Visual Basic). They are not documented separately from their base classes, because their behavior is described by the base class documentation.