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APHG chapter 2

population

Percentage of the total population, or the population of each sex, at each age level

Arithmetic Density

The total # of people divided by the total land area.

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the # of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agricultural

Agricultural Revolution

The time when humans beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Carrying capacity

This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, habitat, water and other life infrastructure present. This is important because it tells how many people an area will be able to support.

Census

A complete enumeration of a population

Cohort

Population of various age categories in a population pyramid. This is important because this can tell what state this country it is whether in Stage 3 or Stage 5 in the demographic transition model.

Concentration

areas of land where people are most dense

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total # of births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total # of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Demography

The scientic study of population characteristics.

Demographic momentum

this is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model.

Demographic regions

Cape Verde is in Stage 2 (High Growth), Chile is in Stage 3 (Moderate Growth), and Denmark is in Stage 4 (Low Growth). This is important because it shows how different parts of the world are in different stages of the demographic transition.

Demographic Transition Model

sequence of demographic changes in which a country mover from a high CDR and a high CBR, to having a low CDR and a low CBR

Demography natural rate increase

Dependency rate

Diaspora

Distribution

The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.

Dot map

Dot represents a certain # of a population

Doubling Time

2010-doubles every 54 years The # of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Ecumene

The proportion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement. This is important because it tells how much of the land has been built upon and how much land is left for us to build on.

Epidemiological transition model

the theory that says that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can help explain how a country's population changes so dramatically.

Equilibrium

Exponentially

Infant mortality

Rate at which newborns die during the first year of their life, per thousand of live births within a geographical region or institution.

J-curve

This is when the projection population show exponential growth; sometimes shape as a j-curve

Physiological density

The # of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Population density

Population distribution

is two back-to-back bar graphs, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups.

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Population explosion

a sudden increase or burst in the population in either a certain geographical area or worldwide

Population pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex

Maladaption

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Restriction population policy

government policies to reduce the rate of natural increase

Megalopolis

term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world

S-curve

traces the cyclical movement upwards and downwards in a graph. So named for its shape as the letter "s"

Sex ratio

The # of males per 100 females in the population

Stationary population level (SPL)

a population containing a basically even distribution of age groups

Sustain ability

providing the best outcomes for human and natural environments both in the present and for the future

Total Fertility Rate

The average # of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very proportion of the population.

Overpopulation

The # of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population.important:he brought up the point that we may be outrunning our supplies because of our exponentially growing population.