The world’s population is expected to grow to almost 10 billion by 2050, with the bulk of that growth predicted to take place in Africa. In addition, income growth in low- and middle-income countries hastens a dietary transition towards higher consumption of meat, requiring commensurate shifts in output and putting pressure on natural resources. Food production will therefore have to increase by approximately 70% to provide for everyone. Across Africa, millions of farmers still depend on smallholder rain fed agricultural production systems, putting them at severe risk from a changing climate. This could force tens of millions of people into food insecurity and poverty.